gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stable high volumetric production of glycosylated human recombinant IFNalpha2b in HEK293 cells (2008)

These results show that the HEK293 cell line is an efficient and valuable host for the production of biologically active and glycosylated human IFNalpha2b.
Robust Identification of Time-Scaled Audio (2004)

Automatic identification of audio titles on radio broadcasts is a first step towards automatic annotation of radio programmes. Systems designed for the purpose of identification have to deal with a variety of postprocessing potentially imposed on audio material at the radio stations. One of the more difficult techniques to be handled is time-scaling, i.e., the variation of playback speed. In this paper we propose a robust fingerprinting technique designed for the identification of time-scaled audio data. To allow for fast timescale invariant audio identification, the extracted fingerprints are used as an input to an algebraic indexing technique that has already been successfully applied to the task of audio identification.
The spectrum of low molecular weight house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) allergens with emphasis on Der p II (1990)

Analysis by protein blotting of sera from 96 different house dust mite-allergic subjects revealed previously unrecognized complexity of low molecular weight (MW) (less than 20 kD) IgE-binding proteins in extracts of whole bodies of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Of 11 different IgE-binding components of MW less than 20 kD identified, two (MW approximately 16 kD and approximately 15 kD), showed both a high frequency (88% and 49% respectively) and a high intensity of IgE-binding. The approximately 16 kD component, identified as allergen Der p II, showed the highest frequency of IgE antibody reactivity of any of the major D. pteronyssinus allergens including Der p I and Der p III.
Antibodies Targeting Human OX40 Expand Effector T Cells and Block Inducible and Natural Regulatory T Cell Function (2013)

Current cancer vaccines induce tumor-specific T cell responses without sustained tumor regression because immunosuppressive elements within the tumor induce exhaustion of effector T cells and infiltration of immune-suppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs). Therefore, much effort has been made to generate agonistic Abs targeting members of the TNFR superfamily, such as OX40, 4-1BB, and GITR, expressed on effector T cells and Tregs, to reinvigorate T cell effector function and block Treg-suppressive function. In this article, we describe the development of a panel of anti-human OX40 agonistic mouse mAbs that could promote effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell proliferation, inhibit the induction of CD4(+) IL-10 -producing type 1 regulatory T cells, inhibit the expansion of ICOS(+)IL-10(+) Tregs, inhibit TGF-β-induced FOXP3 expression on naive CD4(+) T cells, and block natural Treg-suppressive function. We humanized two anti-human OX40 mAb clones, and they retained the potency of their parental clones. These Abs should provide broad opportunities for potential combination therapy to treat a wide realm of cancers and preventative vaccines against infectious diseases.
Conservation and expression of IQ‐domain‐containing calpacitin gene products (neuromodulin/GAP‐43, neurogranin/RC3) in the adult and developing oscine song control system (2008)

Songbirds are appreciated for the insights they provide into regulated neural plasticity. Here, we describe the comparative analysis and brain expression of two gene sequences encoding probable regulators of synaptic plasticity in songbirds: neuromodulin (GAP-43) and neurogranin (RC3). Both are members of the calpacitin family and share a distinctive conserved core domain that mediates interactions between calcium, calmodulin, and protein kinase C signaling pathways. Comparative sequence analysis is consistent with known phylogenetic relationships, with songbirds most closely related to chicken and progressively more distant from mammals and fish. The C-terminus of neurogranin is different in birds and mammals, and antibodies to the protein reveal high expression in adult zebra finches in cerebellar Purkinje cells, which has not been observed in other species. RNAs for both proteins are generally abundant in the telencephalon yet markedly reduced in certain nuclei of the song control system in adult canaries and zebra finches: neuromodulin RNA is very low in RA and HVC (relative to the surrounding pallial areas), whereas neurogranin RNA is conspicuously low in Area X (relative to surrounding striatum). In both cases, this selective downregulation develops in the zebra finch during the juvenile song learning period, 25-45 days after hatching. These results suggest molecular parallels to the robust stability of the adult avian song control circuit.
Highly magnetizable superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles embedded mesoporous silica spheres and their application for efficient recovery of DNA from agarose gel (2009)

Mesoporous silica spheres embedded with the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared by a new sol–gel/emulsion approach. The resulting superparamagnetic silica spheres with a saturation magnetization value of 30 emu/g could be enriched completely within 10 s under the application of a 0.4 T magnet. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging indicated a core-shell structure of the spheres. Adsorption and elution experiments of salmon sperm DNA showed an excellent ability of the superparamagnetic mesoporous silica spheres to adsorb DNA. Electrophoresis experiments show that the superparamagnetic mesoporous silica spheres are qualified for efficient recovery of DNA fragments from agarose gel.
The Syntheses of 4-Aminonicotine and 4-Aminocotinine (1985)

Aminonicatine and 4-arn~nocotlnine w e r e synthesized " 2 4-nitrocotinine-N-oxide, w h ~c h uas o b t a ~n e d by the nitratlo" o f cotinlne-N-oxide.Nicotine(:) is the most important component in tobacco, and its chemical and b~ological properties have been investigated f o r many years.S e v e r a l deiivatlves of I whlch have functional groups on the pyrldine r i n g have been Most of them a r e the compounds uhlch a r e funct~onalized at the 2and/or 6-posltion o f the pyridlne ring.F o r example.2and/or 6-aminonicotine is easily obtainable by the reaction of with sodl8~m amid=.' O nthe other hand, there has been no report concerning the synthesis of the compounds funct~onalized at 4-position.In thls paper, ~( e wish to report a method to obtain 4-aminonicotine(2) and
CBF and CBV measurements by USPIO bolus tracking: Reproducibility and comparison with Gd-based values (1999)

The authors measured cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral blood volume (CBV) by bolus tracking of a novel ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) contrast agent (NC100150) and compared absolute and relative perfusion measurements with those obtained by a standard gadolinium-based contrast agent. They found a linear correlation between the two methods. A dose of 0.4 mg Fe/kg body weight was found to produce a signal drop similar to that of a standard 0.2 mmol/kg gadodiamide injection using spin-echo echoplanar imaging (SE-EPI) at 1.0 T. The measurements showed a high degree of reproducibility of repeated absolute as well as relative CBF and CBV values, lending further hope to the possibility of using magnetic resonance bolus tracking for routine CBF and CBV measurements. Finally, the authors present their initial experience with high-resolution, non-EPI CBV maps obtained from steady-state levels of an intravascular superparamagnetic contrast agent.
New Lamellarin Alkaloids from the Australian Ascidian, Didemnum chartaceum (1999)

Five novel lamellarin-class alkaloids have been isolated from a Great Barrier Reef ascidian, Didemnum chartaceum. The structures of the 20-sulfated derivatives of lamellarins B, C, and L (1-3); the 8-sulfated derivative of lamellarin G (4), plus a nonsulfated compound, lamellarin Z (5), were identified by interpretation of spectroscopic data. Lamellarin G 8-sulfate (4) is the first example of this class of compounds sulfated at the C-8 position, while lamellarin Z (5) is the first example of a dimethoxylated lamellarin. The known lamellarins A, B, C, E, G, and L (6-11), plus the triacetate derivatives of lamellarins D (12) and N (13), were also isolated. An aberration in the integration of signals in the 1H NMR spectra of the 20-sulfated derivatives of lamellarins B, C, and L (1-3) led to NMR relaxation studies. T1 values were calculated for all protons in the sulfated lamellarins (1-4) and their corresponding nonsulfated derivatives (7, 8, 10, 11). Interestingly, the protons ortho to the sulfate group in compounds (1-4) had T1 values up to five times larger than the corresponding protons in their nonsulfated derivatives (7, 8, 10, 11).
The Characteristics of Seebeck Coefficient in Silicon Nanowires Manufactured by CMOS Compatible Process (2010)

Silicon nanowires are patterned down to 30 nm using complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible process. The electrical conductivities of n-/p-leg nanowires are extracted with the variation of width. Using this structure, Seebeck coefficients are measured. The obtained maximum Seebeck coefficient values are 122 μV/K for p-leg and -94 μV/K for n-leg. The maximum attainable power factor is 0.74 mW/m K(2) at room temperature.
Nutritional requirements for boron, silicon, vanadium, nickel, and arsenic: current knowledge and speculation (1991)

Definition of specific biochemical functions in higher animals (including humans) for the ultratrace elements boron, silicon, vanadium, nickel, and arsenic still has not been achieved although all of these elements have been described as being essential nutrients. Recently, many new findings from studies using molecular biology techniques, sophisticated equipment, unusual organisms, and newly defined enzymes have revealed possible sites of essential action for these five elements. Based on these findings and the response of animals and/or humans to low intakes of these elements, the following speculations have been presented: 1) Boron has a role that affects cell membrane characteristics and transmembrane signaling. 2) Silicon is necessary for the association between cells and one or more macromolecules such as osteonectin, which affects cartilage composition and ultimately cartilage calcification. 3) Vanadium reacts with hydrogen peroxide to form a pervanadate that is required to catalyze the oxidation of halide ions and/or stimulate the phosphorylation of receptor proteins. 4) Nickel is needed for the CO2-fixation to propionyl-CoA to form D-methylmalonyl-CoA. 5) Arsenic has an important role in the conversion of methionine to its metabolites taurine, labile methyl, and the polyamines. If any of these speculations are found to be true, the element involved will be firmly established as having a nutritional requirement because the body obviously cannot synthesize it. Based on animal findings, the dietary requirement is likely to be small; that is, expressed in micrograms per day.
Ocular rosacea: an update on pathogenesis and therapy (2004)

Endoscopic resection has become a widely accepted and commonly employed management option in the treatment of laryngeal cancer. Advances in outcomes analysis have improved the capacity to objectively compare endoscopic treatment to other options. The prospects for applying these tools to a prospective randomized study are limited. Debate will continue as to the role for endoscopic management of laryngeal cancer.
NAD + repletion improves muscle function in muscular dystrophy and counters global PARylation (2016)

Neuromuscular diseases are often caused by inherited mutations that lead to progressive skeletal muscle weakness and degeneration. In diverse populations of normal healthy mice, we observed correlations between the abundance of mRNA transcripts related to mitochondrial biogenesis, the dystrophin-sarcoglycan complex, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD<sup>+</sup>) synthesis, consistent with a potential role for the essential cofactor NAD<sup>+</sup> in protecting muscle from metabolic and structural degeneration. Furthermore, the skeletal muscle transcriptomes of patients with Duchene's muscular dystrophy (DMD) and other muscle diseases were enriched for various poly[adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP)-ribose] polymerases (PARPs) and for nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), enzymes that are major consumers of NAD<sup>+</sup> and are involved in pleiotropic events, including inflammation. In the mdx mouse model of DMD, we observed significant reductions in muscle NAD<sup>+</sup> levels, concurrent increases in PARP activity, and reduced expression of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme for NAD<sup>+</sup> biosynthesis. Replenishing NAD<sup>+</sup> stores with dietary nicotinamide riboside supplementation improved muscle function and heart pathology in mdx and mdx/Utr<sup>-/-</sup> mice and reversed pathology in Caenorhabditis elegans models of DMD. The effects of NAD<sup>+</sup> repletion in mdx mice relied on the improvement in mitochondrial function and structural protein expression (α-dystrobrevin and δ-sarcoglycan) and on the reductions in general poly(ADP)-ribosylation, inflammation, and fibrosis. In combination, these studies suggest that the replenishment of NAD<sup>+</sup> may benefit patients with muscular dystrophies or other neuromuscular degenerative conditions characterized by the PARP/NNMT gene expression signatures.
Dendritic architectures based on bis-MPA: functional polymeric scaffolds for application-driven research (2013)

Dendritic polymers are highly branched, globular architectures with multiple representations of functional groups. These nanoscale organic frameworks continue to fascinate researchers worldwide and are today under intensive investigation in application-driven research. A large number of potential application areas have been suggested for dendritic polymers, including theranostics, biosensors, optics, adhesives and coatings. The transition from potential to real applications is strongly dictated by their commercial accessibility, scaffolding ability as well as biocompatibility. A dendritic family that fulfills these requirements is based on the 2,2-bismethylolpropionic acid (bis-MPA) monomer. This critical review is the first of its kind to cover most of the research activities generated on aliphatic polyester dendritic architectures based on bis-MPA. It is apparent that these scaffolds will continue to be in the forefront of cutting-edge research as their structural variations are endless including dendrons, dendrimers, hyperbranched polymers, dendritic-linear hybrids and their hybridization with inorganic surfaces.
Low-expression of E-cadherin in leukaemia cells causes loss of homophilic adhesion and promotes cell growth (2011)

E-cadherin (epithelial cadherin) belongs to the calcium-dependent adhesion molecule superfamily and is implicated in the interactions of haematopoietic progenitors and bone marrow stromal cells. Adhesion capacity to bone marrow stroma was impaired for leukaemia cells, suggesting that a breakdown of adhesive mechanisms governed by an adhesion molecule may exist in leukaemic microenvironment. We previously found that E-cadherin was low expressed in primary acute leukaemia cells compared with normal bone marrow mononuclear cells. In this study, we investigate the functional importance of low E-cadherin expression in leukaemia cell behaviours and investigate its effects in the abnormal interaction of leukaemic cells with stromal cells. After expression of E-cadherin was restored by a demethylating agent in leukaemia cells, E-cadherin-specific adhesion was enhanced. Additionally, siRNA (small interfering RNA)-mediated silencing of E-cadherin in Raji cells resulted in a reduction of cell homophilic adhesion and enhancement of cell proliferation and colony formation. These results suggest that low expression of E-cadherin contributes to the vigorous growth and transforming ability of leukaemic cells.
The burden of illness and economic evaluation for COPD (2003)

In today's cost-conscious environment, understanding the economic implications associated with disease processes and their treatments is as important as understanding their clinical impact. Medical expenditures for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the indirect costs of morbidity can represent a substantial economic and social burden. Very little economic information concerning COPD is available, however, particularly outside of a few very well-developed Western nations. This article will provide an approach for conducting high-quality studies aimed at estimating the economic burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and for making economic evaluations of healthcare interventions aimed at preventing and treating this disease.
Rapid Discovery and Functional Characterization of Terpene Synthases from Four Endophytic Xylariaceae (2016)

Endophytic fungi are ubiquitous plant endosymbionts that establish complex and poorly understood relationships with their host organisms. Many endophytic fungi are known to produce a wide spectrum of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with potential energy applications, which have been described as "mycodiesel". Many of these mycodiesel hydrocarbons are terpenes, a chemically diverse class of compounds produced by many plants, fungi, and bacteria. Due to their high energy densities, terpenes, such as pinene and bisabolene, are actively being investigated as potential "drop-in" biofuels for replacing diesel and aviation fuel. In this study, we rapidly discovered and characterized 26 terpene synthases (TPSs) derived from four endophytic fungi known to produce mycodiesel hydrocarbons. The TPS genes were expressed in an E. coli strain harboring a heterologous mevalonate pathway designed to enhance terpene production, and their product profiles were determined using Solid Phase Micro-Extraction (SPME) and GC-MS. Out of the 26 TPS's profiled, 12 TPS's were functional, with the majority of them exhibiting both monoterpene and sesquiterpene synthase activity.
Molecular Imaging of Cancer Gene Therapy (2007)

Applications of noninvasive imaging in cancer gene therapy research and clinical practice fall into three categories. First, “tagged” tumor cells can be used to monitor cell fates in vivo. Target tumor cells can be labeled for noninvasive imaging, either by transfer of ex vivo-labeled tumor cells to host animals or by the development of transgenic animal models in which target tumor cells express reporters that can be noninvasively imaged. The response of imagable target tumor cells to chemotherapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy, cell therapy, and multimodality therapies can then be noninvasively monitored (1). Although an important tool in preclinical cancer research studies in general and gene therapy research in particular, the use of noninvasive imaging to monitor the fate of tagged target tumor cells is not extensively reviewed here.
Regulation of expression of human intestinal bile acid-binding protein in Caco-2 cells (1998)

Molecular mechanisms of the bile acid active transport system in the ileal enterocytes remain unknown. We examined whether bile acids affect human enterocyte gene expression of intestinal bile acid-binding protein (I-BABP), a component of this transport system. Differentiated Caco-2 cells were incubated in the presence of human bile, bile acids or other lipids. The level of I-BABP expression was evaluated by Northern and Western blot analyses. A 24 h incubation of Caco-2 cells in a medium containing either bile or bile acids resulted in a remarkable 7.5-fold increase in the I-BABP mRNA level over the control level. Neither cholesterol, palmitic acid, phosphatidylcholine nor cholestyramine treated bile showed any difference in I-BABP mRNA expression from the control. Bile acid treatment increased the level of I-BABP mRNA in Caco-2 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis showed that this induction led to increase in cytosolic I-BABP. Chenodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid showed greater induction effects than other hydrophilic bile acids, including their own glycine conjugates. Pretreatment by actinomycin D or cycloheximide completely inhibited the up-regulation of I-BABP expression by bile acid. Bile acids, especially lipophilic bile acids, increase the I-BABP expression in Caco-2-cells, suggesting that luminal bile acids play an important role in regulating the I-BABP gene expression.
Rapid reduction of gate-level electrical defectivity using voltage contrast test structures (2003)

Voltage contrast test structures for use with KLA-Tencor's /spl mu/Loop/spl trade/ system have been developed for rapid reduction of the yield limiting defect density (D0) from the gate module. The gate module is typically one of the top three sources of random yield loss in advanced integrated circuit technologies. The /spl mu/Loop system allows in-line detection of nearly 100% of the killer defects affecting these special comb test structures, which mimic product. Because this system is based on in-line voltage contrast inspection, experiments may be completed extremely rapidly. These two advantages make this system a major improvement over past techniques for debugging the gate module. Implementation of gate-level /spl mu/Loop test structures is challenging because of the lack of a direct ground path from the polysilicon used to make the gate. This paper describes how this challenge is overcome. Application of this methodology to a recent technology at Agere Systems is described. Ten experimental lots were used over a period of three quarters to drive gate-level D0 reduction. Over this period, the gate-level D0 decreased by 62%.
Directed Differentiation of Dopaminergic Neuronal Subtypes from Human Embryonic Stem Cells (2005)

How dopamine (DA) neuronal subtypes are specified remains unknown. In this study we show a robust generation of functional DA neurons from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) through a specific sequence of application of fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8) and sonic hedgehog (SHH). Treatment of hESC-derived Sox1+ neuroepithelial cells with FGF8 and SHH resulted in production of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons that were mostly bipolar cells, coexpression with gamma-aminobutyric acid, and lack of midbrain marker engrailed 1 (En1) expression. However, FGF8 treatment of precursor cells before Sox1 expression led to the generation of a similar proportion of TH+ neurons characteristic of midbrain projection DA neurons with large cell bodies and complex processes and coexpression of En1. This suggests that one mechanism of generating neuronal subtypes is temporal availability of morphogens to a specific group of precursors. The in vitro-generated DA neurons were electrophysiologically active and released DA in an activity-dependent manner. They may thus provide a renewable source of functional human DA neurons for drug screening and development of sustainable therapeutics for disorders affecting the DA system.
Light and porphyrins in cancer therapy (1986)

A review with 62 refs. on the use of porphyrin-enrichment followed by light irradn. for the selective destruction of tumors.