gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of hair papilla cells on induction and regeneration processes of hair follicles (1998)

Hair dermal papilla cells are specialized mesenchymal cells that exist in the dermal papilla located at the bottom of hair follicles. These cells play pivotal roles in hair formation, growth, and cycling. Hair follicle formation is usually directed by an aggregation of dermal mesenchymal cells, the origin of dermal papilla cells, in the embryonic skin. We noticed that cultured dermal papilla cells also have hair-forming activity and do not lose the activity even after long-term cultivation, if they are cultured with conditioned medium from keratinocytes obtained from the sole or with a medium containing fibroblast growth factor. The secreted factors from keratinocytes and fibroblast growth factor are, therefore, important for maintaining the cellular properties of dermal papilla cells. Even if the hair bulb, including the hair matrix and the dermal papilla, has been removed from vibrissal follicles in vivo, the new hair matrix and papilla can regenerate from the rest of the follicle, and eventually a hair shaft regrows. It has been reported that hair bulb regeneration does not occur when the lower half of a hair follicle is removed. However, new hair bulbs were formed in the remaining upper halves of vibrissal follicles if the amputated follicles had been implanted under the kidney capsule. The formed bulbs were small and pelage-type, not large vibrissa-type. Histological studies showed that the new dermal papillae were derived from dermal sheath cells surrounding upper follicular epidermis, and the new hair matrices were produced from the follicular epidermis. Moreover, the upper halves of vibrissal follicles reformed large vibrissa-type bulbs when they were associated with dermal papillae or cultured papilla cells and implanted in the kidney. Thus, dermal papilla cells and probably dermal sheath cells have the ability to induce and form hair bulbs under preferred environmental conditions. Attempts to identify the genes and proteins associated with hair-forming activity of dermal papilla cells have been carried out. We and other groups successfully isolated the molecules that were specifically expressed in dermal papilla cells. The nature of the hair-producing factors could be understood through the studies of these molecules.
Regulation of Hexose Transport in Chlorella vulgaris (1974)

Of nine species of unicellular algae tested, Chlorella vulgaris showed the highest inducibility for an active hexose transport system. Whereas the rate of uptake in all other species was increased by induction less than 5-fold, it was increased more than 400-fold in one strain of C. vulgaris. With glucose as inducer, the minimum time necessary to synthesize inducible proteins of the transport system was 15 minutes. The Km for induction with glucose is 5 mum and with 6-deoxyglucose 1 mm. The inducing sugars have to penetrate the cells to be effective.Evidence indicating that regulation of induction occurs at the transcriptional level was obtained. The induction was inhibited by 6-methylpurine. When cells were exposed to induce in the presence of actidione no increase in transport activity could be measured. After removal of actidione as well as the inducer, an increased uptake activity was observed after 30 to 60 minutes. The induced uptake system showed a turnover with a half-life of 4 to 6 hours at 26 C under nongrowing conditions; at 0 C turnover was negligible. Turnover was partly inhibited by anaerobic condition and by actidione; it was accelerated under growing conditions.
Quinazoline Carboxamides as Selective Antagonists of Adenosine 2A Receptor (2016)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVPatent HighlightNEXTQuinazoline Carboxamides as Selective Antagonists of Adenosine 2A ReceptorGerard Rosse*View Author Information Structure Guided Chemistry, Dart Neuroscience LLC, 7473 Lusk Boulevard, San Diego, California 92121, United States Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, New College Building, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: ACS Med. Chem. Lett. 2016, 7, 12, 1014–1015Publication Date (Web):November 2, 2016Publication History Received14 October 2016Published online2 November 2016Published inissue 8 December 2016https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00407https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00407editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2016 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1010Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (240 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Antagonists,Assays,Nervous system diseases,Nucleic acids,Receptors Get e-Alerts
Electrochemical and electrophysiological characterization of neurotransmitter release from sympathetic nerves supplying rat mesenteric arteries (1999)

1. Characteristic features of noradrenaline (NA) and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) release from postganglionic sympathetic nerves in rat small mesenteric arteries in vitro have been investigated on an impulse-by-impulse basis. NA release was measured using continuous amperometry and ATP release was monitored by intracellular recording of excitatory junction potentials (e.j.ps). 2. Electrical stimuli evoked transient increases in oxidation current. During trains of ten stimuli at 0.5 - 4 Hz there was a depression in the amplitude of oxidation currents evoked following the first stimulus in the train. 3. The neuronal NA uptake inhibitor, desmethylimipramine (1 microM), increased the amplitude of the summed oxidation current evoked by ten stimuli at 1 Hz and slowed the decay of oxidation currents evoked by trains of ten stimuli at 1 and 10 Hz. 4. The alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist, idazoxan (1 microM), increased the amplitudes of the oxidation currents evoked during trains of ten stimuli at 0.5 - 10 Hz but had no effect on the oxidation currents evoked by the first stimulus in the train. 5. Idazoxan (1 microM) increased the amplitude of all e.j.ps evoked during trains of stimuli at 0.5 and 1 Hz. In addition, the facilitatory effect of idazoxan on e.j.ps was significantly greater than that on oxidation currents. 6. The findings indicate that NA release from sympathetic nerves supplying small mesenteric arteries is regulated by activation of presynaptic alpha2-adrenoceptors and that clearance of released NA in this tissue depends, in part, upon neuronal uptake. The different effects of idazoxan on the oxidation currents and e.j.ps may indicate that the release of NA and ATP is differentially modulated.
Oncogene amplification screening by labeled primer multiplex polymerase chain reaction. (1994)

This paper describes an improved procedure for rapid detection of amplified genes in fresh or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Utilizing a multiplex differential polymerase chain reaction with radioactively labeled primers and electrophoresis of the products through thin gels, it is possible to screen for oncogene amplification more rapidly and reproducibly than has been previously demonstrated. This procedure takes advantage of thin vertical gels with external cooling, which allows sharp band resolution. Four separate gels can be electrophoresed at the same time in a single gel box. Because each gel slab contains 10 or more lanes, 40 or more samples can be assayed for gene amplification simultaneously. The entire procedure can be carried out from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue to finish in 8 h when combined with a sonication technique for DNA extraction.
High-power AlGaInAs strained multiquantum welllasers operating at 1.52 µm (2000)

1.75 W CW power in AlGaInAs/InP strained QW lasers is demonstrated. Room temperature threshold current densities are 410 A/cm2, and the characteristic temperature is 69 K. The variation in the external differential efficiency with cavity length and temperature reveal the optimum length and show how nonradiative recombination mechanisms limit the performance.
Natural Language Processing and the Representation of Clinical Data (1994)

I-P, using counts of major errors only, was 95.7% for the 28-letter training set and 98.6% for the 31-letter test set. I-R, using counts of major omissions only, was 93.9% for the training set and 92.5% for the test set.
Interpolated Markov Models for Eukaryotic Gene Finding (1999)

Computational gene finding research has emphasized the development of gene finders for bacterial and human DNA. This has left genome projects for some small eukaryotes without a system that addresses their needs. This paper reports on a new system, GlimmerM, that was developed to find genes in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Because the gene density in P. falciparum is relatively high, the system design was based on a successful bacterial gene finder, Glimmer. The system was augmented with specially trained modules to find splice sites and was trained on all available data from the P. falciparum genome. Although a precise evaluation of its accuracy is impossible at this time, laboratory tests (using RT-PCR) on a small selection of predicted genes confirmed all of those predictions. With the rapid progress in sequencing the genome of P. falciparum, the availability of this new gene finder will greatly facilitate the annotation process.
Respiratory Disease in Kennelled Dogs: Serological Responses toBordetella bronchisepticaLipopolysaccharide Do Not Correlate with Bacterial Isolation or Clinical Respiratory Symptoms (2003)

The role of Bordetella bronchiseptica in a natural outbreak of canine infectious respiratory disease was investigated both by culture and serological analysis. B. bronchiseptica was found in the lungs of a large proportion of clinically healthy dogs and in a greater proportion of dogs with respiratory disease. Using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we analyzed the serological responses of a large number of dogs. Dogs with high antibody levels showed no protection from disease, and there was no correlation between the development of disease and rising antibody titer. Similarly, there was no difference in antibody levels in dogs with and without B. bronchiseptica in the lungs. Antibodies to LPS have no predictive value in determining which animals will contract respiratory disease, how severe the disease will be, or which dogs will have B. bronchiseptica colonizing the lungs.
Increased ER stress during motor neuron degeneration in a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2007)

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which plays important roles in apoptosis, is susceptible to oxidative stress. ER stress is also thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we investigated whether ER stress is involved in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) using the anterior part of the lumbar spinal cord of transgenic mice carrying a mutation (G93A) in the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that the expressions of p-PERK and p-eIF2alpha were increased in the microsome fraction (P3) of the lumbar spinal cord at the pre-symptomatic age of 12 weeks (12W), while the expression of activated caspase-12 was increased in the cytoplasmic fraction (S3) of the lumbar spinal cord at both the pre-symptomatic age of 12W and the late symptomatic age of 20W. In contrast, GRP78 did not show any increases in the microsome fraction (P3) of the lumbar spinal cord at either the pre-symptomatic or symptomatic ages. Thus, the present results strongly suggest that the balance between anti- and pro-apoptotic proteins related to ER stress is impaired from the pre-symptomatic stage in this ALS mouse model, and that this imbalance may be related to the pathogenesis of motor neuron degeneration in ALS.
Sub-wavelength surface structures on silicon irradiated by femtosecond laser pulses (2004)

We present surface structures formed on silicon after irradiation by large numbers of low-fluence femtosecond laser pulses with wavelengths in the transparency regime of silicon. These structures have periods significantly less than the laser wavelength.
Rational design of a highly efficient irreversible DNA interstrand cross-linking agent based on the pyrrolobenzodiazepine ring system (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRational design of a highly efficient irreversible DNA interstrand cross-linking agent based on the pyrrolobenzodiazepine ring systemD. Subhas Bose, Andrew S. Thompson, Jingshan Ching, John A. Hartley, Mark D. Berardini, Terence C. Jenkins, Stephen Neidle, Laurence H. Hurley, and David E. ThurstonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 12, 4939–4941Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00038a089https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00038a089research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views522Altmetric-Citations129LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Clinical Utility of Complement Anaphylatoxin Assays (1986)

Meaningful quantitation of complement activation is difficult by conventional techniques, because of the dynamic equilibrium status of complement components. Assays for complement-derived split products have been useful adjuncts, but until recently have been cumbersome and only semiquantitative. The recent introduction of superior assay methods, especially immunoassays for the complement derived anaphylatoxins, has enhanced such study by allowing more sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility. Such assays are already being applied to the study of diseases in which complement activation may play a role, as well as to the evaluation of biocompatibility of various prosthetic materials and drugs. 'Beside' clinical utility of the tests is still limited, but may grow rapidly if assays are devised which are capable of more rapid and less expensive performance.
Low-Oxygen Tension and IGF-I Promote Proliferation and Multipotency of Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cells (PMSCs) from Different Gestations via Distinct Signaling Pathways (2014)

The microenvironment of placental mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) is dynamic throughout gestation and determines changes in cell fate. In vivo, PMSCs initially develop in low-oxygen tension and low IGF-I concentrations, and both increase gradually with gestation. The impact of varying concentrations of IGF-I and changing oxygen tension on PMSC signaling and multipotency was investigated in PMSCs from early (preterm) and late (term) gestation human placentae. Preterm PMSCs had greater proliferative response to IGF-I, which was further enhanced by low-oxygen tension. Low-oxygen tension alone was sufficient to induce ERK1/2 phosphorylation, whereas IGF-I was required for AKT (protein kinase B) phosphorylation. Low-oxygen tension prolonged ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation with a slowed phosphorylation decay even in presence of IGF-I. Low-oxygen tension maintained higher levels of IGF-I receptor and insulin receptor substrate 1 that were otherwise decreased by exposure to IGF-I and induced a differential phosphorylation pattern on IGF-I receptorβ and insulin receptor substrate 1. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and AKT was different between the preterm and term PMSCs, and phospho-AKT, and not phospho-ERK1/2, was the major determinant of PMSC proliferation and octamer-4 levels. These studies demonstrate that low-oxygen tension regulates the fate of PMSCs from early and late gestations in response to IGF-I, both independently and dependently, via specific signal transduction mechanisms.
Transport of a neurotoxicant by molecular mimicry: the methylmercury–l-cysteine complex is a substrate for human L-type large neutral amino acid transporter (LAT) 1 and LAT2 (2002)

Methylmercury (MeHg) readily crosses cell membrane barriers to reach its target tissue, the brain. Although it is generally assumed that this rapid transport is due to simple diffusion, recent studies have demonstrated that MeHg is transported as a hydrophilic complex, and possibly as an L-cysteine complex on the ubiquitous L-type large neutral amino acid transporters (LATs). To test this hypothesis, studies were carried out in Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing two of the major L-type carriers in humans, LAT1-4F2 heavy chain (4F2hc) and LAT2-4F2hc. Oocytes expressing LAT1-4F2hc or LAT2-4F2hc demonstrated enhanced uptake of [(14)C]MeHg when administered as the L-cysteine or D,L-homocysteine complexes, but not when administered as the D-cysteine, N -acetyl-L-cysteine, penicillamine or GSH complexes. Kinetic analysis of transport indicated that the apparent affinities ( K (m)) of MeHg-L-cysteine uptake by LAT1 and LAT2 (98+/-8 and 64+/-8 microM respectively) were comparable with those for methionine (99+/-9 and 161+/-11 microM), whereas the V (max) values were higher for MeHg-L-cysteine, indicating that it may be a better substrate than the endogenous amino acid. Uptake and efflux of [(3)H]methionine and [(14)C]MeHg-L-cysteine were trans -stimulated by leucine and phenylalanine, but not by glutamate, indicating that MeHg-L-cysteine is both a cis - and trans -substrate. In addition, [(3)H]methionine efflux was trans -stimulated by leucine and phenylalanine even in the presence of an inwardly directed methionine gradient, demonstrating concentrative transport by both LAT1 and LAT2. The present results describe a major molecular mechanism by which MeHg is transported across cell membranes and indicate that metal complexes may form a novel class of substrates for amino acid carriers. These transport proteins may therefore participate in metal ion homoeostasis and toxicity.
Volatile Disease Biomarkers in Breath: A Critique (2011)

Hundreds of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are released from human body fluids. Some of them are produced by endogenous metabolic processes in and on the body, and others are derived from the environment. Expressions of some endogenous VOCs can be affected by pathophysiological changes, and several disease-specific volatile biomarkers have been identified and used as diagnostic aids. Monitoring volatile disease markers is attractive since the procedure can be performed in a noninvasive manner with little or no exposure to biohazardous body fluids. Although many VOCs have been claimed as potential biomarkers, only a few compounds have been consistently demonstrated and approved for clinical applications. This is mainly because (1) many of the putative markers are present in the environment as well as in the body and their levels in the environment are often higher than those in the body, (2) there are a large individual variation in the concentrations of biomarkers within diseased and/or healthy subjects, and (3) the origin and biosynthetic pathway of the claimed biomarkers have been frequently neglected. Unfortunately, these aspects have often been ignored in many studies. Here, we review a number of publications that have identified volatile disease biomarkers in breath, argue that many of these have not demonstrated to actually underlie the differences in volatile profiles between diseased patients and healthy subjects, speculate on the reasons for this lack of success, and suggest potential approaches that may provide a better chance of identifying disease biomarkers.
Cleavage of the 1,3-Dithiane Protective Group (1982)

Die Spaltung von 1,3-Dithianen (I) zu Carbonylverbindungen (II) gelingt oxidativ mit uberschussigem Dimethylsulfoxid und Salzsaure in Dioxan in guten Ausbeuten.
Non-uniform deblurring for shaken images (2010)

Blur from camera shake is mostly due to the 3D rotation of the camera, resulting in a blur kernel that can be significantly non-uniform across the image. However, most current deblurring methods model the observed image as a convolution of a sharp image with a uniform blur kernel. We propose a new parametrized geometric model of the blurring process in terms of the rotational velocity of the camera during exposure. We apply this model to two different algorithms for camera shake removal: the first one uses a single blurry image (blind deblurring), while the second one uses both a blurry image and a sharp but noisy image of the same scene. We show that our approach makes it possible to model and remove a wider class of blurs than previous approaches, including uniform blur as a special case, and demonstrate its effectiveness with experiments on real images.
Inhaled Technosphere® Insulin in Comparison to Subcutaneous Regular Human Insulin: Time Action Profile and Variability in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes (2008)

Technosphere Insulin has a more rapid onset of action than sc RHI. About 60% of the glucose-lowering effect of TI occurs during the first 3 hours after application. In contrast, <30% of the glucose-lowering effect of sc RHI occurs in this period. Technosphere Insulin demonstrated a lower intrasubject variability during the 3-hour postprandial period, without reaching statistical significance.
ENA oligonucleotides as therapeutics. (2006)

Oligonucleotides containing 2'-O,4'-C-ethylene-bridged nucleic acid (ENA) residues have two notable properties: (i) considerable affinity to complementary single-stranded RNA and double-stranded DNA; and (ii) dramatically high resistance against nucleases. On the basis of these properties, the in vitro and in vivo applications of ENA for gene silencing as antisense oligonucleotides, triplex-forming oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs are discussed here. ENA oligonucleotides also have potential as therapeutic agents for Duchenne muscular dystrophy by a mechanism of exon skipping.