gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Survey Study about Sasangin’s Characteristics of Face, Voice, Skin and Pulse Diagnosis (2007)

1. Objectives The purpose of this study is to find out the grade of practical use, the important element and the significant characteristics of Sasangin' s face, voice, skin and pulse diagnostic impression, in Sasang constitutional clinical diagnosis. 2. Methods We analysed the survey data about Sasangin' s face, voice, skin and pulse diagnostic impression, drawn up by specialist in Sasang constitutional medicine. 3. Results and Conclusions (1) In the application degree of face feature, the case which it was applied with 20-40% and 40-60% were 16 people(43.2%) respectively. In voice, the case applied with 0-20% was 19 people(51.4%), in skin, 0-20% and 20-40% were 14 people(37.8%) respectively and in pulse diagnosis, 0-20% were 25 people(73.0%). (2) In constitutional diagnosis, the important element of face were 'frontal whole shape', 'whole impression' and 'size and shape of eye, ear, mose and mouth', the important element of voice 'speed of speech', 'purity and impurity' and 'pitch', the important element of skin 'thickness', 'feel of touch' and 'size of skin pores' and the important element of pulse diagnosis 'speed of pulse', 'sinking and floating' and 'weakness and firmness'. (3) The important face characteristics of Taeyangin were 'bright eye', 'broad forehead' and 'strong impression', Soyangin 'protruding forehead', 'thin and small lips', 'narrowing and sharp chin', Taeumin 'thick lips', 'flat face', 'large eye, nose, ear and mouth' and Soeumin 'long and slender face', 'downward slanting eyes' and 'small eye, nose, ear and mouth', The important voice characteristics of Taeyangin were 'loud' and 'clear', Soyangin 'rapid' and 'high-pitched tone', Taeumin 'chick', 'slow' and 'low-pitched tone' and Soeumin 'small and feeble' and 'slow'. The important skin characteristics of Taeyangin were 'thin' and 'white', Soyangin 'thin', 'smooth' and 'elastic', Taeumin 'thick', 'large skin-pore', 'coarse' and Soeumin 'soft', 'thin' and 'subtle skin-pore'. The important pulse characteristics of Taeyangin were 'rapid' and 'large', Soyangin 'rapid' and 'floating', Taeumin 'tense', 'long' and 'solid' and Soeumin 'fine', 'weak' and 'slow'.
Activation of human factor VII by activated factors IX and X (1982)

Factor VII clotting activity increases about five-fold when blood is clotted in glass. Prior studies suggested that this results from activation induced by activated factor IX (IXa). However, in purified systems containing phospholipid and calcium, activated factor X (Xa) is known to activate factor VII rapidly. Therefore, we studied activation of factor VII by IXa and X, in systems using purified human factors. Concentrations of IXa and Xa were calculated from total activated protein concentrations rather than from active site concentrations. In the presence of phospolipid and calcium, both IXa and Xa activated factor VII 25-fold; however, Xa was roughly 800 times more efficient than IXa. Without added phospholipid, activation of factor VII by both Xa and IXa was markedly slowed, and Xa was roughly 20 times more efficient than IXa. When both phospholipid and calcium were omitted, activation of factor VII by either enzyme was negligible. Adding normal prothrombin, but not decarboxylated prothrombin, substantially slowed activation of factor VII by both Xa and IXa. Adding thrombin-activated factor VIII and antithrombin-III did not change rates of factor VII activation by either enzyme. These results from purified systems do not provide an explanation for the prior data from plasma systems.
Energy Conservation via Electron-Transferring Flavoprotein in Anaerobic Bacteria (2007)

Energy conservation in chemotrophic organisms is generally coupled to redox reactions in catabolic pathways. In the oxidative part or branch, “energy-rich” compounds are formed, from which ATP is generated via substrate-level phosphorylation (SLP). In the reductive branch the electron carriers
Cultured meat from muscle stem cells: A review of challenges and prospects (2015)

Growing muscle tissue in culture from animal stem cells to produce meat theoretically eliminates the need to sacrifice animals. So-called “cultured” or “synthetic” or “in vitro” meat could in theory be constructed with different characteristics and be produced faster and more efficiently than traditional meat. The technique to generate cultured muscle tissues from stem cells was described long ago, but has not yet been developed for the commercial production of cultured meat products. The technology is at an early stage and prerequisites of implementation include a reasonably high level of consumer acceptance, and the development of commercially-viable means of large scale production. Recent advancements in tissue culture techniques suggest that production may be economically feasible, provided it has physical properties in terms of colour, flavour, aroma, texture and palatability that are comparable to conventional meat. Although considerable progress has been made during recent years, important issues remain to be resolved, including the characterization of social and ethical constraints, the fine-tuning of culture conditions, and the development of culture media that are cost-effective and free of animal products. Consumer acceptance and confidence in in vitro produced cultured meat might be a significant impediment that hinders the marketing process.
Lipid-Mediated Enhancement of Transfection by a Nonviral Integrin-Targeting Vector (1998)

Nonviral vectors consisting of integrin-targeting peptide/DNA (ID) complexes have the potential for widespread application in gene therapy. The transfection efficiency of this vector, however, has been limited by endosomal degradation. We now report that lipofectin (L) incorporated into the ID complexes enhances integrin-mediated transfection, increasing luciferase expression by more than 100-fold. The transfection efficiency of Lipofectin/Integrin-binding peptide/DNA (LID) complexes, assessed by beta-galactosidase reporter gene expression and X-gal staining, was improved from 1% to 10% to over 50% for three different cell lines, and from 0% to approximately 25% in corneal endothelium in vitro. Transfection complexes have been optimized with respect to their transfection efficiency and we have investigated their structure, function, and mode of transfection. Both ID and LID complexes formed particles, unlike the fibrous network formed by lipofectin/DNA complexes (LD). Integrin-mediated transfection by LID complexes was demonstrated by the substantially lower transfection efficiency of LKD complexes in which the integrin-biding peptide was substituted for K16 (K). Furthermore, the transfection efficiency of complexes was shown to be dependent on the amount of integrin-targeting ligand in the complex. Finally, a 34% reduction in integrin-mediated transfection efficiency by LID complexes was achieved with a competing monoclonal antibody. The role of lipofectin in LID complexes appears, therefore, to be that of a co-factor, enhancing the efficiency of integrin-mediated transfection. The mechanism of enhancement is likely to involve a reduction in the extent of endosomal degradation of DNA.
Functionally distinct isoforms of dynactin are expressed in human neurons. (1996)

P150Glued is the largest subunit of dynactin, which binds to cytoplasmic dynein and activates vesicle transport along microtubules. We have isolated human cDNAs encoding p150Glued as well as a 135-kDa isoform; these isoforms are expressed in human brain by alternative mRNA splicing of the human DCTN1 gene. The p135 isoform lacks the consensus microtubule-binding motif shared by members of the p150Glued/Glued/CLIP-170/BIK1 family of microtubule-associated proteins and, therefore, is predicted not to bind directly to microtubules. We used transient transfection assays and in vitro microtubule-binding assays to demonstrate that the p150 isoform binds to microtubules, but the p135 isoform does not. However, both isoforms bind to cytoplasmic dynein, and both partition similarly into cytosolic and membrane cellular fractions. Sequential immunoprecipitations with an isoform-specific antibody for p150 followed by a pan-isoform antibody revealed that, in brain, these polypeptides assemble to form distinct complexes, each of which sediments at approximately 20 S. On the basis of these observations, we hypothesize that there is a conserved neuronal function for a distinct form of the dynactin complex that cannot bind directly to cellular microtubules.
The roles of ebolavirus glycoproteins in viralpathogenesis (2016)

Ebolaviruses are highly dangerous pathogens exhibiting extreme virulence in humans and nonhuman primates. The majority of ebolavirus species, most notably Zaire ebolavirus, can cause Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, in humans. EVD is associated with case-fatality rates as high as 90%, and there is currently no specific treatment or licensed vaccine available against EVD. Understanding the molecular biology and pathogenesis of ebolaviruses is important for the development of antiviral therapeutics. Ebolavirus encodes several forms of glycoproteins (GPs), which have some interesting characteristics, including the transcriptional editing coding strategy and extensive O-glycosylation modification, clustered in the mucin-like domain of GP1, full-length GP (GP<sub>1,2</sub>), and shed GP. In addition to the canonical role of the spike protein, GP<sub>1,2</sub>, in viral entry, ebolavirus GPs appear to have multiple additional functions, likely contributing to the complex pathogenesis of the virus. Here, we review the roles of ebolavirus GPs in viral pathogenesis.
Assay of vitamins D2 and D3, and 25-hydroxyvitamins D2 and D3 in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. (1978)

I describe a new assay that is capable of measuring vitamin D2, vitamin D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D2, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in 2 ml of plasma or serum. Plasma is extracted by the Bligh and Dyer technique [Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 37, 911 (1959)], the lipid component is fractionated by two high-performance liquid-chromatographic systems based upon adsorption and reversed-phase chromatography, and each of the four vitamin D metabolites is measured by its absorbance at 254 nm. The method has a sensitivity limit of 0.5 mug/liter of plasma. The identity of metabolite peaks was confirmed by mass spectrometry, ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry, and rechromatography, and there was good correlation (r=0.84) between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D as measured by the present method and by a protein binding assay developed in our laboratory. Mean concentrations of vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in normal adults (n=25) in December were 2.2 +/- 1.1 (SD) and 16 +/- 3.9 (SD) mug/liter, respectively. 25-Hyroxyvitamin D2 made up 31% of the total 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Patients receiving pharmacological doses of vitamin D had values for vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D that were 10- to 100-fold normal. This method provides a rapid, reliable physico-chemical assay that appears to have advantages over existing protein binding assays and can be used to measure circulating vitamin D.
iNEMI HFR-free program report (2009)

The electronics industry is aggressively pursuing the removal of potentially toxic compounds from their products, including the halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) that were once widely used in electronics housings and cases and are still used extensively in printed circuit boards. Several leading electronics companies have publicly stated their intent to remove brominated and/or halogenated flame retardants from some or all of their products. The International Electronics Manufacturing Initiative (iNEMI), an industry-led consortium, is working with a number of its OEM and supply chain members to assess the feasibility of a broad conversion to HFR-free PCB materials. While IPC and JEDEC are developing halogen-free standard specifications and numerous companies have compliant materials, significant questions remain regarding overall readiness to make a transition to these materials. This paper will discuss results & conclusions from the completed iNEMI HFR-free PCB materials project, as well as outline current projects, which include the HFR-free high-reliability PCB project, the HFR-free signal integrity project and the HFR-free PCB material development project.
RTP Payload Format for 12-bit DAT Audio and 20- and 24-bit Linear Sampled Audio (2002)

This document specifies a packetization scheme for encapsulating 12-bit nonlinear, 20-bit linear, and 24-bit linear audio data streams using the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP). This document also specifies the format of a Session Description Protocol (SDP) parameter to indicate when audio data is preemphasized before sampling. The parameter may be used with other audio payload formats, in particular L16 (16-bit linear).
The Role of Serum on the Adhesion of Cultured Chinese Hamster Lung (CHL) Cells (1998)

The roles of serum on the initial attachment and adhesion strength of CHL cells, which is gained following initial attachment, spreading and growth, on tissue culture polystyrene dish were determined by using a convergent Microflow chamber. In the presence of 10% fetal calf serum 98%±2% of cells were attaching within 2 hours at 37°C. While only 74%±3% of cells were attaching during the same period of incubation in serum free medium. The critical shear stresses of detachment of CHL cells were 3.01±0.25 Nm -2 , 5.38±0.55 Nm -2 , 7.22±0.54 Nm -2 , 9.47±0.43 Nm -2 , and 9.54±1.15 Nm -2 in the presence of 0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 1%, and 5% fetal calf serum respectively. In addition the effect of serum origins on the adhesion strength of this cell was determined. The the critical shear stresses of detachment of CHL cells were1.73±0.80 Nm -2 , 11.6±0.66 Nm -2 , and 10.96±0.73 Nm -2 in the presence of 10% of horse serum, new born calf serum, and fetal calf serum respectively. These results suggest that 1% serum concentration will be sufficient for cells to gain the maximum possible adhesion strength.
Valbenazine for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia (2017)

Chronic intake of typical neuroleptics or centrally acting dopamine receptor blocking antiemetics may cause onset of tardive syndromes. Various types exist. One of them is tardive dyskinesia, characterised by often stigmatising, purposeless, rapid, repetitive, stereotypic, involuntary movements of face, limbs or trunk. Effective symptomatic drug treatment options beyond application of tetrabenazine are rare. Tetrabenazine is usually administered three times daily due to the short half life of this agent. Areas covered: This narrative review discusses the value of valbenazine for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia as a therapeutic alternative to tetrabenazine. Expert commentary: Valbenazine is a selective inhibitor of vesicular monoamine transporter 2, which is metabolized to (+)-alpha-dihydrotetrabenazine. Valbenazine and particularly its metabolite inhibit vesicular monoamine transporter 2 function. Once daily intake of valbenazine ameliorated the severity of tardive dyskinesia. The chiral purity of valbenazine circumvents generation of the (-)alpha and (+) and (-)beta dihydrotetrabenazine metabolites of tetrabenazine or deutetrabenazine. Valbenazine and its metabolite do not antagonize postsynaptic monoamine receptors in contrast to the tetrabenazine formulations. Therefore one may hypothesize that fewer and less severe motor and psychopathological side effects will occur during valbenazine long term application compared with tetrabenazine or deutretrabenazine.
Plasma TIMP1 level is a prognostic factor in patients with liver metastases. (2012)

We found there to be a relationship between higher plasma levels of TIMP1 and an adverse prognosis in patients with liver metastases. The assessment of plasma TIMP1 levels could help the detection of patients with worse outcome.
A closed form full-wave radar model for near-field layered media reconstruction (2012)

A closed form near-field radar modeling approach for wave propagation in planar layered media is presented. The radar antennas are modeled using an equivalent set of infinitesimal electric dipoles and characteristic, frequency-dependent, global reflection and transmission coefficients. These coefficients determine through a plane wave decomposition wave propagation between the radar reference plane, point sources, and field points. Coupling between the antenna and layered medium is thereby inherently accounted for. The fields are calculated using threedimensional Green's functions. We validated the model using frequency and time-domain radars with antennas operating in different frequency ranges. The antenna characteristic coefficients were obtained from nearand far-field measurements over a copper plane. The proposed model provided unprecedented accuracy for describing near-field radar measurements collected over water and sand layers with frequencydependent electrical properties. Medium properties could be retrieved through full-wave inversion. The proposed approach shows great promise for non-destructive testing of planar materials and soils, e.g., using ground-penetrating radar.
Novel method for the synthesis of urea backbone cyclic peptides using new Alloc‐protected glycine building units (2010)

Cyclization of bioactive peptides, utilizing functional groups serving as natural pharmacophors, is often accompanied with loss of activity. The backbone cyclization approach was developed to overcome this limitation and enhance pharmacological properties. Backbone cyclic peptides are prepared by the incorporation of special building units, capable of forming amide, disulfide and coordinative bonds. Urea bridge is often used for the preparation of cyclic peptides by connecting two amine functionalized side chains. Here we present urea backbone cyclization as an additional method for the preparation of backbone cyclic peptide libraries. A straightforward method for the synthesis of crystalline Fmoc-N(alpha) [omega-amino(Alloc)-alkyl] glycine building units is presented. A set of urea backbone cyclic Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 analogs was prepared and assessed for protein kinase B inhibition as anticancer leads.
3-Chloro-3-(dimethoxyphosphoryl)isobenzofuran-1(3H)-one - A New Reagent for the Rapid, Convenient Phthaloylation of Amines and Amino Acids in High Yields (1998)

phthaloylation - protected primary amines - phthalimides - 3-chloro-3-(dimethoxyphosphoryl)isobenzofuran-1(3H)-one
Efficacy of primary hormonal therapy for patients with localized and locally advanced prostate cancer: A retrospective multicenter study (2006)

The results indicate the usefulness of primary hormonal therapy, especially CAB treatment, for patients showing a good response to hormonal therapy in long-term control of localized and locally advanced prostate cancer.
Tetrahydrobiopterin Improves Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Chronic Smokers (2000)

Conditions associated with impaired nitric oxide (NO) activity and accelerated atherosclerosis have been shown to be associated with a reduced bioavailability of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). We therefore hypothesized that BH4 supplementation may improve endothelial dysfunction of chronic smokers. Forearm blood flow (FBF) responses to the endothelium-dependent vasodilators acetylcholine (ACh; 0.75, 1.5, and 3.0 microg/100 mL tissue/min) or serotonin (5-HT; 0.7, 2.1, and 6.3 ng/100 mL tissue/min), to the inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA; 2, 4, and 8 micromol/min), and to the endothelium-independent vasodilator sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 microg/100 mL tissue/min) were measured by venous occlusion plethysmography in controls and chronic smokers. Drugs were infused into the brachial artery, and FBF was measured before and during concomitant intra-arterial infusion of BH4, tetrahydroneopterin (NH4; another reduced pteridine), or the antioxidant vitamin C (6 and 18 mg/min). In control subjects, BH4 had no effect on FBF in response to ACh, 5-HT, and SNP. In contrast, in chronic smokers, the attenuated FBF responses to ACh and 5-HT were markedly improved by concomitant administration of BH4, whereas the vasodilator responses to SNP were not affected. L-NMMA-induced vasoconstriction was significantly reduced in smokers compared with controls, suggesting impaired basal NO bioactivity. BH4 improved L-NMMA responses in smokers while having no effect on L-NMMA responses in controls. Pretreatment with vitamin C abolished BH4 effects on ACh-dependent vasodilation. In vitro, NH4 scavenged superoxide created by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase reaction equipotent like BH4 but failed to modify ACh-induced changes in FBF in chronic smokers in vivo. These data support the concept that in addition to the free radical burden of cigarette smoke, a dysfunctional NOS III due to BH4 depletion may contribute at least in part to endothelial dysfunction in chronic smokers.
Colloidally Prepared HgTe Nanocrystals with Strong Room-Temperature Infrared Luminescence (1999)

Room-temperature infrared luminescence with high quantum yield (48 %) has been observed from HgTe nanocrystals. The colloidal preparation, reported for the first time, gave rise to nanocrystals of size 3 to 6 nm with coloradoite structure. The thiol-capped quantum dots, precipitated as a white powder from the colloidal solution with 2-propanol, and readily redissolved in water, are stable towards oxidation and display luminescence covering the 1.3 μm telecommunications fiber window.
GYGD pore motifs in neighbouring potassium channel subunits interact to determine ion selectivity (2001)

Cells maintain a negative resting membrane potential through the constitutive activity of background K+ channels. A novel multigene family of such K+ channels has recently been identified. A unique characteristic of these K+ channels is the presence of two homologous, subunit-like domains, each containing a pore-forming region. Sequence co-variations in the GYGD signature motifs of the two pore regions suggested an interaction between neighbouring pore domains. Mutations of the GYGD motif in the rat drk1 (Kv2.1) K+ channel showed that the tyrosine (Y) position was important for K+ selectivity and single channel conductance, whereas the aspartate (D) position was a critical determinant of open state stability. Tandem constructs engineered to mimic the GYGx-GxGD pattern seen in two-domain K+ channels delineated a co-operative intersubunit interaction between the Y and D positions, which determined ion selectivity, conductance and gating. In the bacterial KcsA K+ channel crystal structure, the equivalent aspartate residue (D80) does not directly interact with permeating K+ ions. However, the data presented here show that the D position is able to fine-tune ion selectivity through a functional interaction with the Y position in the neighbouring subunit. These data indicate a physiological basis for the extensive sequence variation seen in the GYGD motifs of two-domain K+ channels. It is suggested that a cell can precisely regulate its resting membrane potential by selectively expressing a complement of two-domain K+ channels.