gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and characterization of glucosidase I involved in N-linked glycoprotein processing in bovine mammary gland (1987)

Glucosidase I, the first enzyme involved in the post-translational processing of N-linked glycoproteins, was purified to homogeneity from the lactating bovine mammary tissue. The enzyme was extracted by differential treatment of the microsomal fraction with Triton X-100 and Lubrol PX. The solubilized enzyme was subjected to affinity chromatography on Affi-Gel 102 with N-5-carboxypentyldeoxynojirimycin as ligand and DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B chromatography. Purified glucosidase I shows a molecular mass of 320-330 kDa by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300. SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions indicates a single band of approx. 85 kDa, indicating that the native enzyme is probably a tetrameric protein. Several criteria, including pH optimum of 6.6-7.0, specific hydrolytic action towards Glc3Man9GlcNAc2, to release the terminally alpha-1,2-linked glucosyl residue, and total lack of activity towards Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 and Glc2Man9GlcNAc2 saccharides, which are the biological substrates for processing glucosidase II, and 4-methylumbelliferyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside show the non-lysosomal origin and the processing-specific role of the purified enzyme. The enzyme does not require any metal ions for its activity. Hg2+, Ag+ and Cu2+ are potent inhibitors of the enzyme; this inhibition can be reversed by adding an excess of dithiothreitol. Among the saccharides tested, kojibiose (Glc alpha 1----2Glc) was inhibitory to the enzyme. Polyclonal antibodies raised against the enzyme in rabbit were found to be specific for glucosidase I, as revealed by Western-blot analysis and by immunoadsorption with Protein A-Sepharose. Anti-(glucosidase I) antibodies were cross-reactive towards a similar antigen in solubilized microsomal preparations from liver, mammary gland and heart from the bovine, guinea pig, rat and mouse.
[T lymphocyte activation induced in vivo by the first injection of OKT3 monoclonal antibodies]. (1988)

One of the major side effects induced by the in vivo administration of the murine monoclonal antibody OKT3 is a spontaneously reversible clinical syndrome associating in variable proportions depending on the patient: fever, chills, headaches, diarrhea and seldomly meningismus. Sera from 3 renal allograft recipients treated with OKT3 were studied and showed that a massive although transient release of some cytokines namely, Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha, Interleukin 2 and Interferon gamma is observed following the first OKT3 injection.
ITE, A Novel Endogenous Nontoxic Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligand, Efficiently Suppresses EAU and T-Cell–Mediated Immunity (2013)

ITE, an endogenous AHR ligand, efficiently inhibits EAU development and related cellular immune responses. Being nontoxic, ITE may be considered for treatment of pathogenic immunity in humans.
Therapeutic strategies for targeting the IL-6/STAT3 cytokine signaling pathway in inflammatory bowel disease. (2007)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine with central roles in immune and inflammatory reactions. IL-6 first binds to the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), this complex then associates with gp130, inducing dimerization and the initiation of signaling through signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3). Notably, the combination of soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) and IL-6 stimulates cells that only express gp130 and not IL-6R, a process known as trans-signaling. In contrast, soluble gpl30 (sgp130) serves as a natural inhibitor of trans-signaling. Accumulated evidence strongly supports the hypothesis that the development and perpetuation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) relies on IL-6-mediated STAT3 activation on mucosal T-cells. This review looks at therapeutic strategies targeting the IL-6/STAT3 pathway in patients with IBD, including strategies involving the anti-IL-6 receptor antibody and soluble gp130Fc.
Comparison of an Automated and Point-of-Care Immunoassay to GC-MS for Urine Oxycodone Testing in the Clinical Laboratory (2006)

OxyContin, a controlled-release formulation of oxycodone, is increasingly abused. Monitoring patient compliance by urine drug testing may deter illegal diversion of OxyContin. Two urine immunoassays were evaluated with a 100 ng/mL cutoff for oxycodone. The Microgenics Corporation Oxycodone DRI on the Bayer ADVIA 1650 and a point-of-care (POC) immunoassay, Monitect Oxycodone POC from Branan Medical Corporation, were compared to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with a detection limit of 50 ng/mL free oxycodone. Between-day precision for DRI yielded coefficients of variation from 3.9% to 7.0% at 75 and 125 ng/mL. Fifty-two positive and 52 negative urines were tested. The DRI had a 100% agreement with GC-MS. Two positive specimens had free oxycodone < 50 ng/mL, but oxycodone metabolites, oxymorphone and oxycodone glucuronide > 100 ng/mL, were identified by GC-MS analysis. The POC assay had two false positives and 15 indeterminate (+/-) results. Codeine or hydrocodone was present in all but one of these samples. There was no interference with DRI from morphine, codeine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, dihydrocodeine, or 6-monoacetyl morphine. Four-hundred and ninety urine samples were subsequently tested with DRI to estimate the oxycodone-positive rate at our hospital, and 47 (9.4%) were positive. The confirmation rate with GC-MS for free oxycodone, not including metabolites, was 93%. The Microgenics DRI offers good performance for oxycodone urine testing and is a better choice for the clinical laboratory than the POC assay. Confirmation of screened positive samples requires a method that can detect total oxycodone and oxymorphone.
[Aspiration biopsy RNA diagnosis]. (2002)

Molecular-based diagnosis of carcinomas can be more easily established by utilizing specific mRNAs that are restrictively expressed in cancer tissues. Recently a new method of preoperative molecular-based diagnosis of thyroid carcinomas was established. This technique, Aspiration Biopsy RNA Diagnosis, ABRD, allows us to perform preoperative RNA analyses by extracting RNAs from tumor cells obtained by fine needle aspiration biopsies(FNABs). By ABRD detecting of oncofetal fibronectin or calcitonin mRNA in FNABs, papillary, anaplastic and medullary carcinomas are accurately diagnosed preoperatively. Further, by real-time monitoring RT-PCR, a fully automated system was established.
Tumor-selective prodrug activation by fusion protein-mediated catalysis. (1994)

A two component system, consisting of a fusion protein and an appropriate prodrug, suited to perform selective tumor therapy in vivo is presented. The fusion protein, due to its humanized carcinoembryonic antigen-specific variable region, specifically binds to carcinoembryonic antigen-expressing tumors and has an enzymatic activity comparable to that of human beta-glucuronidase. The prodrug is a nontoxic glucuronide-spacer derivative of doxorubicin decomposing to doxorubicin by enzymatic deglucuronidation. In vivo studies in nude mice bearing human carcinoembryonic antigen-expressing tumor xenografts revealed that 7 days after injection of 20 mg/kg fusion protein a high specificity ratio (> 100:1) was obtained between tumor and plasma or tumor and normal tissues. Injection of 250 mg/kg of prodrug at day 7 resulted in tumor therapeutic effects superior to those of conventional chemotherapy without any detectable toxicity. These superior therapeutic effects which were observed using established human tumor xenografts can be explained by the approximately 4-12-fold higher doxorubicin concentrations found in tumors of mice treated with fusion protein and prodrug than in those treated with the maximal tolerable dose of drug alone. The nondetectable toxicity in the animals treated with fusion protein and prodrug is probably caused by up to 5-fold lower drug concentrations in normal tissues compared to the animals treated with doxorubicin. Thus, a more tumor-selective therapy, resulting in stronger therapeutic effects and reduced toxicity seems to be possible by the appropriate use of the humanized nontoxic fusion protein and the nontoxic prodrug.
Adiponectin Prevents Cerebral Ischemic Injury Through Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase–Dependent Mechanisms (2007)

These data provide causal evidence that adiponectin exerts a cerebroprotective action through an endothelial nitric oxide synthase-dependent mechanism. Adiponectin could represent a molecular target for the prevention of ischemic stroke.
Insulin therapy for patients with type 1 diabetes. (2007)

The incidence of type 1 diabetes is increasing world wide, especially in younger children. Unfortunately, there is little information on the incidence of type 1 diabetes or its management from India. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of strict glycemic control in the prevention and delay of chronic microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. This has lead to increasing efforts in devising means of physiological insulin delivery, in which basal insulin and meal related boluses of insulin are separately given and insulin doses are appropriately altered based on frequent blood glucose testing, meal size and exercise. Newer insulin analogues, which better mimic basal and meal related increments of insulin secretion, have been marketed. Regimes for physiological insulin delivery, such as multiple subcutaneous insulin injections and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion are becoming increasingly popular. However, the high frequency of hypoglycemia is an important constraint to achieving normal glycemic control. In developing countries such as India, other obstacles include the high cost of insulin and blood glucose monitoring strips, social barriers to accepting insulin injections and lack of trained teams for management of type 1 diabetes.
Optimization Design of an Inductive Energy Harvesting Device for Wireless Power Supply System Overhead High-Voltage Power Lines (2016)

Overhead high voltage power line (HVPL) online monitoring equipment is playing an increasingly important role in smart grids, but the power supply is an obstacle to such systems’ stable and safe operation, so in this work a hybrid wireless power supply system, integrated with inductive energy harvesting and wireless power transmitting, is proposed. The energy harvesting device extracts energy from the HVPL and transfers that from the power line to monitoring equipment on transmission towers by transmitting and receiving coils, which are in a magnetically coupled resonant configuration. In this paper, the optimization design of online energy harvesting devices is analyzed emphatically by taking both HVPL insulation distance and wireless power supply efficiency into account. It is found that essential parameters contributing to more extracted energy include large core inner radius, core radial thickness, core height and small core gap within the threshold constraints. In addition, there is an optimal secondary coil turn that can maximize extracted energy when other parameters remain fixed. A simple and flexible control strategy is then introduced to limit power fluctuations caused by current variations. The optimization methods are finally verified experimentally.
Comparison of CD34 and Monocyte‐Derived Dendritic Cells from Mobilized Peripheral Blood from Cancer Patients (2005)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells that are integral to the initiation of T-cell immunity. Two cell types can be used as a source for generating DCs: monocytes and CD34(+) stem cells. Despite many investigations characterizing DCs, none have performed a direct paired comparison of monocyte and stem cell-derived DCs. Therefore, it is unclear whether one cell source has particular advantages over the other, or whether inherent differences exist between the two populations. We undertook the following study to determine if there were any differences in DCs generated from monocytes or CD34(+) cells from mobilized peripheral blood. DCs were generated by culturing the adherent cells (monocytes) in interleukin-4 and GM-CSF for 7 days, or by culturing nonadherent cells (CD34(+)) in the presence of GM-CSF and tumor necrosis factor alpha for 14 days. The resulting DCs were compared morphologically, phenotypically, functionally, and by yield. We could generate morphologically and phenotypically similar DCs. Differences were encountered when expression levels of some cell surface markers were examined (CD86, HLA-DR). There was no difference in how the DCs performed in a mixed lymphocyte reaction (p = .3). Further, no statistical difference was discovered when we examined cellular (DC) yield (p = .1); however, there was a significant difference when yield was normalized to the starting number of monocytes or CD34(+) cells (p = .016). Together, these data demonstrate that differences do exist between monocyte-derived DCs and CD34-derived DCs from the same cellular product (apheresis) from the same individual.
A 430-MHz Wirelessly Powered Implantable Pulse Generator with Intensity/Rate Control and Sub-1 <formula> <tex>$\mu$</tex> </formula>A Quiescent Current Consumption (2018)

This work presents a miniaturized μW-level implantable pulse generator (IPG) inductively powered at 430 MHz. Notches are intentionally applied to the incident power, which are replicated to precisely control the timing of the output pulses. Fabricated in a 180-nm CMOS process, the concise circuitry occupies a pad-included footprint of 850 μm × 450 μm and achieves a quiescent current consumption of 950 nA. To reduce the form factor, 401-457 MHz MedRadio-band is utilized to realize the induction link. The finalized assembly achieves one of the smallest dimensions (4.6 mm × 7.0 mm) for near-field IPGs with the Rx coil size of 4.5 mm × 3.6 mm. Codesign of the rectifier and Rx coil accommodates the possible resonant frequency drifts in biological tissues. In the benchtop measurement, a 430-MHz Tx coil is demonstrated to operate the IPG at 4.5 and 4 cm proximities in the air and through water, respectively. An in vivo experiment has been performed, in which the IPG was implanted on the hindlimb muscle belly of an anesthetized rat with the connective tissue and skin sutured. The electrical stimuli induced the isolated ankle flexion at specific strengths and rates, and the experiment complies with the specific absorption rate regulations. This work shows the potential for applications requiring stringent form factors and high sensitivities.
Linearity characteristics of microwave-power GaN HEMTs (2003)

The RF linearity of a 9-mm 10-W GaN high electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) grown on a 100-mm silicon substrate is presented. The quantitative results display promising device linearity as measured by intermodulation distortion and adjacent channel power ratio at 2.0 GHz for various power backoff levels and different quiescent points. These initial results demonstrate that larger periphery GaN HEMTs grown on silicon provide device linearity commensurate with current semiconductor device technology used for power-amplifier applications.
Thermal Study of Silicon Optical Microbenches with on Board Heaters for Soldering (1996)

High-precision packaging of optoelectronic (OE) components is a laborintensive and expensive process. We believe that the pigtailing process must be automated to realize a significant reduction in the cost of QE packages. We are addressing issues of automating the fiber pigtailing process on silicon waferboards or microbenches. While we are initially concentrating on laser diodes, the same techniques are applicable to other QE devices. This paper focuses on reflowing solders for the attachment of OE components on silicon microbenches. Nearly ten years ago, miniature metallic heaters to reflow solder for the attachment of OE components on ceramic waferboards were developed [1]. We have recently developed miniature polysilicon heaters which are compatible with silicon microbenches [2]. These miniature heaters avoid the problem of raising the entire microbench to the solder melting point to attach components. Most importantly, these miniature heaters are completely compatible with automating the attachment process.
Bromocriptine treatment of periparturient goats: long-term suppression of prolactin and lack of effect on lactation (1993)

British Saanen dairy goats (n = 10) were treated with bromocriptine or vehicle from day 147 of pregnancy to day 4 post partum, a treatment duration of 8.8 +/- 1.7 d (mean +/- SEM). The periparturient prolactin surge was abolished by this treatment, but there were no significant effects on plasma growth hormone or insulin concentrations. Lactogenesis was delayed in the bromocriptine-treated goats, milk yields being significantly depressed (P < 0.01) for the first week of lactation. Yields had recovered to control values by day 10 when prolactin concentrations were still significantly depressed. Mammary gland biopsies were taken on day 4 post partum from five animals in each group. Using this tissue, no significant differences could be shown in mammary morphology or DNA synthesis, but the RNA:DNA ratio was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). After week 1, there were no significant differences between bromocriptine-treated and control goats in milk yield, milk composition, udder volume, time of peak yield or persistence. The goats given short-term bromocriptine treatment at parturition showed prolonged effects on prolactin secretion, their seasonal prolactin rise being severely blunted (P < 0.001). A normal lactation is therefore not prevented in goats by a delay in lactogenesis, suppression of prolactin at parturition or the resulting prolonged depression of circulating prolactin. Goats in established lactation given bromocriptine for 8 d showed, by contrast, a rapid recovery of plasma prolactin concentrations within 5 d post treatment. Milk yield declined significantly (P < 0.03) compared with pretreatment values during and for 1 week after bromocriptine but then began to recover, with no significant change in vehicle-treated goats.
MM–GBSA binding free energy decomposition and T cell receptor engineering (2010)

Recognition by the T-cell receptor (TCR) of immunogenic peptides (p) presented by class I major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) is the key event in the immune response against virus infected cells or tumor cells. The major determinant of T cell activation is the affinity of the TCR for the peptide-MHC complex, though kinetic parameters are also important. A study of the 2C TCR/SIYR/H-2Kb system using a binding free energy decomposition (BFED) based on the MM-GBSA approach had been performed to assess the performance of the approach on this system. The results showed that the TCR-p-MHC BFED including entropic terms provides a detailed and reliable description of the energetics of the interaction (Zoete and Michielin, 2007). Based on these results, we have developed a new approach to design sequence modifications for a TCR recognizing the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2 restricted tumor epitope NY-ESO-1. NY-ESO-1 is a cancer testis antigen expressed not only in melanoma, but also on several other types of cancers. It has been observed at high frequencies in melanoma patients with unusually positive clinical outcome and, therefore, represents an interesting target for adoptive transfer with modified TCR. Sequence modifications of TCR potentially increasing the affinity for this epitope have been proposed and tested in vitro. T cells expressing some of the proposed TCR mutants showed better T cell functionality, with improved killing of peptide-loaded T2 cells and better proliferative capacity compared to the wild type TCR expressing cells. These results open the door of rational TCR design for adoptive transfer cancer therapy.
Imiquimod: an immune response modifier in the treatment of precancerous skin lesions and skin cancer (2007)

Actinic keratosis (AK) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are precancerous and cancerous skin lesions that should be treated especially when multiple or in cosmetically important areas. Apart from 5% 5-fluorouracil topical cream, which some feel is the gold standard topical treatment for AK, several invasive treatment modalities are available for AK and superficial BCC, such as cryotherapy, electrodessication, carbon dioxide laser and surgery causing patients discomfort and pain, pigmentary changes or necessitate multiple office visits. Additionally, there are precancerous lesions that necessitate non-invasive treatment with good esthetic results or skin cancer refractory to invasive techniques. Imiquimod is an immune response modifier approved by the FDA for the treatment of AK and superficial BCC lesions and its use is gradually expanded to various off-label precancerous and cancerous skin lesions.
Nanochains Formation of Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles (2011)

We present simulations on the aggregation of nanometer sized polydispersed superparamagnetic particles under the application of an external magnetic field. We make use of a Monte Carlo method, using a cluster-moving approach, as previously used in literature for ferrofluids. van der Waals attraction and magnetic anisotropy are taken into account in the simulations. Chains elongated in the field direction are formed. The results are in good agreement with recent experimental results on nanochains made of iron oxide nanoparticles into polymer matrix, obtained with the application of a magnetic field during film deposition. The magnetization anisotropy of the nanocomposite film under dc magnetic field can be predicted within this simple model.
Kinetics of ethanol inhibition in alcohol fermentation (1985)

The inhibitory effect of ethanol on yeast growth and fermentation has been studied for the strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC No. 4126 under anaerobic batch conditions. The results obtained reveal that there is no striking difference between the response of growth and ethanol fermentation. Two kinetic models are also proposed to describe the kinetic pattern of ethanol inhibition on the specific rates of growth and ethanol fermentation: microi/micro0 = 1 - (P/Pm)alpha (for growth) nui/nu0 = 1 - (P/P'm)beta (for ethanol production). The maximum allowable ethanol concentration above which cells do not grow was predicted to be 112 g/L. The ethanol-producing capability of the cells was completely inhibited at 115 g/L ethanol. The proposed models appear to accurately represent the experimental data obtained in this study and the literature data.