gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bayesian multiuser detection for CDMA system with unknown interference (2004)

Gibbs sampler, a typical Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method that approximately solves the Bayesian problem by simple numerical computation in a completely different paradigm was previously employed for the Bayesian detection in synchronous CDMA system. To perform the Bayesian detection for the asynchronous uplink CDMA system with unknown multiuser interference and multipath fading, the Gibbs sampler combined with the linear group-blind decorrelator is proposed as a novel Bayesian multiuser detection technique in this paper. Furthermore, in the study of the effect of channel estimation error on the performance of the proposed detector, we also present an iterative Bayesian multiuser detector where more accurate parameter estimation is achieved to improve the detection performance. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed detectors. The proposed detection techniques have the advantages of low complexity, high performance and wide applications.
A Magnetic Nanoprobe Technology for Detecting Molecular Interactions in Live Cells (2005)

Technologies to assess the molecular targets of biomolecules in living cells are lacking. We have developed a technology called magnetism-based interaction capture (MAGIC) that identifies molecular targets on the basis of induced movement of superparamagnetic nanoparticles inside living cells. Efficient intracellular uptake of superparamagnetic nanoparticles (coated with a small molecule of interest) was mediated by a transducible fusogenic peptide. These nanoprobes captured the small molecule's labeled target protein and were translocated in a direction specified by the magnetic field. Use of MAGIC in genome-wide expression screening identified multiple protein targets of a drug. MAGIC was also used to monitor signal-dependent modification and multiple interactions of proteins.
Fibromatosis of Infancy and Childhood (1985)

Fifty-nine cases of fibromatosis in children were investigated. To our knowledge, this is the largest serie with clinicopathologic datas reported so far in German literature. The most frequent type was infantile (desmoid-type) fibromatosis. More than 50% of the tumours developed in the first five years of life. The overall male-to-female ratio was 1.36:1. The lower extremities were the most frequent site of manifestation. Vimentin could be demonstrated in the tumour cells by immunohistochemical methods. Positive staining for dipeptidylaminopeptidase (DAP) IV suggested a myofibroblastic nature of some of the neoplastic cells. These results were supported by ultrastructural examination. Two cases demonstrated the unpredictable biological behaviour of fibromatosis. It is emphasized that clinical behaviour depends on number, size, location and histologic appearance of the lesions as well as age of the patient.
Linking Albinism and Immunity: The Secrets of Secretory Lysosomes (2004)

Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that are found in all mammalian cells and contain hydrolases and lipases required for protein and membrane degradation. In many cells of the immune system, lysosomes also contain secretory proteins that can be released by regulated exocytosis in response to an external stimulus, providing different cell types with a wide range of effector functions. Melanosomes also use a lysosome-related organelle to secrete melanin for pigmentation. Links between albinism and immunity in patients have uncovered a number of key proteins required for lysosomal secretion and have revealed a versatile secretory mechanism that can be fine-tuned by distinct interactions in different cell types.
The role of the I domain in ligand binding of the human integrin alpha 1 beta 1. (1994)

We report here the analysis of potential ligand binding domains within the human integrin alpha 1 subunit, a known collagen/laminin receptor. This integrin is effectively blocked by the mouse monoclonal antibody 1B3.1. A truncated version of the alpha 1 subunit lacking the NH2-terminal half of the extracellular domain is not recognized by monoclonal antibody 1B3.1. Furthermore, we have isolated a cDNA containing the I domain from chicken alpha 1 bearing significant homology to the human and rat alpha 1 sequences. Replacing the human I domain with its chicken counterpart led to the surface expression of a functional heterodimer with endogenous mouse beta 1 on NIH 3T3 cells. However, 1B3.1 does not bind to the chicken/human chimera, demonstrating that the human alpha 1 I domain is required for epitope recognition. Mutation of Asp253 within the I domain to alanine resulted in surface expression of an alpha beta heterodimer recognized by 1B3.1 but with markedly reduced binding to collagen IV or laminin. Since a previously reported mutation of a homologous Asp in the Mac-1 I domain has similar consequences, these results suggest a central role for the I domain in ligand recognition for all integrin alpha subunits containing this domain.
Regulation of protein synthesis in lung by amino acids and insulin (1983)

Acute effects of amino acid availability and insulin on protein synthesis were investigated in rat lungs perfused in situ with buffer containing either 4.5% fraction V bovine serum albumin (FrV BSA), 4.5% essentially fatty acid-free (FAF) BSA, or 4.5% dextran to maintain colloid osmotic pressure. In the presence of FrV BSA, protein synthesis was unaffected by perfusion for 1 or 3 h with buffer containing no added amino acids (0X), as compared with amino acids at concentrations one (1X) or five (5X) times those in rat plasma. Regardless of the amino acid concentration, addition of insulin was without effect. Likewise, in lungs perfused for 1 h with either FAF BSA or dextran, protein synthesis was insensitive to amino acid availability or to insulin. After 3 h, however, protein synthesis decreased 34 and 37%, respectively, when these lungs were perfused in the absence of both amino acids and insulin. In both cases, the inhibition was prevented by addition of insulin to the perfusate; addition of the hormone to perfusate containing 1X amino acids or elevating perfusate amino acids to 5X did not affect protein synthesis. The deficit in protein synthesis observed in the absence of both amino acids and insulin was not accompanied by ATP depletion or by lower intracellular concentrations of amino acids. Similarly, the effect of insulin was not associated with a general elevation in intracellular amino acid concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Regulatory B Cells Inhibit Antitumor Immunity (2007)

In Response:Depleting B cells as part of a tumor-therapy regimen is an idea that becomes increasingly attractive as more studies show an apparent inhibitory role of host B cells on antitumor immune responses. However, it seems that Shah et al. (1) and our results (2) suggest different mechanisms responsible for the suppression of antitumor immunity by B cells. Our own study had been designed to investigate the regulatory role of B cells in antitumor immunity. B cells including regulatory B cells (Breg cells) exist in large numbers in the marginal zone of the mouse spleen (3). Therefore, we had isolated B cells from mouse spleen using a monoclonal antibody specific for the commonly used B cell marker CD19. Our data clearly showed that interleukin-10 (IL-10) produced by Breg cells reduced the IFN-γ production from CTL and natural killer cells partially in a CD40-CD154–dependent manner in vitro (2). In contrast, Shah et al. suggested that the inhibitory effect of B cells on tumor rejection may not be associated with CD40 expression on B cells due to the inconsistent results between in vitro and in vivo studies (1). Why do these results seem to be conflicting with our findings? We believe that the answer can be found in experimental details of these studies. Shah et al. purified B cells from mouse spleen by negative selection using anti-CD43 antibody, which is frequently used for B cell enrichment because this molecule is not expressed on conventional B cells (3). However, CD43 may be expressed on Breg cells (4) and, thus, such regulatory B cells may have been excluded from their experiments.In our experiments, we used neither CD40-CD154–inhibiting antibody nor CD40-deficient B cells for in vivo experiments to avoid experimental artifacts due to the critical role the binding of CD40 to CD154 plays outside the predicted B cell-tumor cell interaction. Based on our studies, we do believe that the interaction between CD40 on Breg cells and CD154 on tumor cells is associated with the mechanism by which antitumor immunity is enhanced in the absence of B cells. Whatever the precise mechanism may be, we agree that B cell depletion by rituximab could provide beneficial effects on cancer immunotherapy (1, 2), although the specific depletion of Breg cells may be the more promising and more desirable approach.
Transphosphatidylation by Phospholipase D (1967)

Abstract Transphosphatidylase activity was recognized in several plant tissues as well as in extracts. It was attributed to phospholipase D. This enzyme was purified 110-fold from Savoy cabbage. The ratio of its hydrolase to its transphosphatidylase activity remained constant throughout the purification. Additional evidence supports the conclusion that both reactions are catalyzed by the same enzyme. Phosphatidylations of ethanol, ethanolamine, and glycerol were readily achieved by incubating phosphatidylcholine and the enzyme in the presence of one of these acceptors. Concentrations of the acceptors required for equality between rates of hydrolysis and transphosphatidylation were 0.7, 0.3, and 1.1%, respectively, for ethanol, ethanolamine, and glycerol. The glycerol configuration in the phosphatidylglycerol thus produced was dl-; phosphatidylation in this case was not stereospecific. Phospholipase D catalyzed exchange between choline and phosphatidylcholine. Its activity was completely inhibited in 10-4 m p-chloromercuribenzoate. The results implicate formation of a phosphothioester linkage in the phosphatidylenzyme complex. The transphosphatidylase function of phospholipase D offers a useful route for synthesis of a variety of phosphatidyl esters.
Phase I Study of Weekly Intravenous Infusions of CPT-11, a New Derivative of Camptothecin, in the Treatment of Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (1991)

7-Ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino]carbonyloxy-camptothecin (CPT-11) is a novel camptothecin derivative that has been selected for clinical evaluation because of its broad spectrum of antitumor activity in animal models and its unique inhibitory effects on mammalian DNA topoisomerase I. Seventeen patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer were treated with CPT-11 at weekly dose levels ranging from 50 to 150 mg/m2. At least three weekly doses were given to all patients except four, and a total of 74 weekly doses were given to the 17 patients. The dose-limiting toxic effects were myelosuppression (predominantly leukopenia) and unpredictable diarrhea. Gastrointestinal toxic effects were severe and not well controlled by standard therapy in some patients. Interpatient variability of toxic effects was substantial (including two deaths) and did not correlate with the pharmacokinetic parameters of CPT-11 and 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin, its major metabolite. Two previously untreated patients, who received doses of 100 and 125 mg/m2, had partial responses lasting 3.2 and 4.0 months, respectively. The maximum tolerated dose on this schedule was 100 mg/m2, which we also recommend as a starting dose for phase II studies. This schedule appears to allow a CPT-11 dose intensity which is double the dose intensity possible on a once-a-month schedule. However, careful supervision to assess gastrointestinal toxic effects and myelosuppression is indispensable because of wide individual differences in drug tolerance.
Recovery of rare earths from the green lamp phosphor LaPO4:Ce3+,Tb3+ (LAP) by dissolution in concentrated methanesulphonic acid (2018)

A process was developed for the recovery of rare earths from terbium-rich lamp phosphor waste. The process consists of a solvometallurgical leaching step with concentrated methanesulphonic acid (MSA) at temperatures between 433 K to 473 K, followed by solvent extraction with the acidic extractant di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA). Preliminary tests were performed on a synthetic lamp phosphor (LaPO<sub>4</sub>:Ce<sup>3+</sup>,Tb<sup>3+</sup>, LAP). The optimised conditions were afterwards applied to a real lamp phosphor waste residue, that was obtained after removal of yttrium and europium from lamp phosphor waste powder by a hydrometallurgical process. The leaching can be carried out at lower temperatures than digestion in concentrated sulphuric acid or fused alkali. The process takes advantage of the much higher solubility of the rare-earth methanesulphonates compared to the corresponding sulphates, so that solvent extraction can be performed directly on the leachate after dilution, without the need of several additional steps to convert the rare-earth sulphates into chlorides or nitrates.
New Insights Into Functions and Possible Applications of Clostridium difficile CRISPR-Cas System (2018)

Over the last decades the enteric bacterium <i>Clostridium difficile</i> (novel name <i>Clostridioides difficile</i>) - has emerged as an important human nosocomial pathogen. It is a leading cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea and represents a major challenge for healthcare providers. Many aspects of <i>C. difficile</i> pathogenesis and its evolution remain poorly understood. Efficient defense systems against phages and other genetic elements could have contributed to the success of this enteropathogen in the phage-rich gut communities. Recent studies demonstrated the presence of an active CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas (CRISPR-associated) subtype I-B system in <i>C. difficile</i>. In this mini-review, we will discuss the recent advances in characterization of original features of the <i>C. difficile</i> CRISPR-Cas system in laboratory and clinical strains, as well as interesting perspectives for our understanding of this defense system function and regulation in this important enteropathogen. This knowledge will pave the way for the development of promising biotechnological and therapeutic tools in the future. Possible applications for the <i>C. difficile</i> strain monitoring and genotyping, as well as for CRISPR-based genome editing and antimicrobials are also discussed.
Easy contextual intent prediction and slot detection (2013)

Spoken language understanding (SLU) is one of the main tasks of a dialog system, aiming to identify semantic components in user utterances. In this paper, we investigate the incorporation of context into the SLU tasks of intent prediction and slot detection. Using a corpus that contains session-level information, including the start and end of a session and the sequence of utterances within it, we experiment with the incorporation of information from previous intra-session utterances into the SLU tasks on a given utterance. For slot detection, we find that including features indicating the slots appearing in the previous utterances gives no significant increase in performance. In contrast, for intent prediction we find that a similar approach that incorporates the intent of the previous utterance as a feature yields relative error rate reductions of 6.7% on transcribed data and 8.7% on automatically-recognized data. We also find similar gains when treating intent prediction of utterance sequences as a sequential tagging problem via SVM-HMMs.
Double-Stranded RNA Induces Pancreatic β-Cell Apoptosis by Activation of the Toll-Like Receptor 3 and Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 Pathways (2008)

PICex and PICin trigger beta-cell apoptosis via the TLR3 pathway or IRF-3 signaling, respectively. Execution of PICin-mediated apoptosis depends on autocrine effects of type I IFNs.
Inactivation of the Glycoside Hydrolase NagZ Attenuates Antipseudomonal β-Lactam Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2009)

The overproduction of chromosomal AmpC beta-lactamase poses a serious challenge to the successful treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections with beta-lactam antibiotics. The induction of ampC expression by beta-lactams is mediated by the disruption of peptidoglycan (PG) recycling and the accumulation of cytosolic 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramyl peptides, catabolites of PG recycling that are generated by an N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase encoded by nagZ (PA3005). In the absence of beta-lactams, ampC expression is repressed by three AmpD amidases encoded by ampD, ampDh2, and ampDh3, which act to degrade these 1,6-anhydro-N-acetylmuramyl peptide inducer molecules. The inactivation of ampD genes results in the stepwise upregulation of ampC expression and clinical resistance to antipseudomonal beta-lactams due to the accumulation of the ampC inducer anhydromuropeptides. To examine the role of NagZ on AmpC-mediated beta-lactam resistance in P. aeruginosa, we inactivated nagZ in P. aeruginosa PAO1 and in an isogenic triple ampD null mutant. We show that the inactivation of nagZ represses both the intrinsic beta-lactam resistance (up to 4-fold) and the high antipseudomonal beta-lactam resistance (up to 16-fold) that is associated with the loss of AmpD activity. We also demonstrate that AmpC-mediated resistance to antipseudomonal beta-lactams can be attenuated in PAO1 and in a series of ampD null mutants using a selective small-molecule inhibitor of NagZ. Our results suggest that the blockage of NagZ activity could provide a strategy to enhance the efficacies of beta-lactams against P. aeruginosa and other gram-negative organisms that encode inducible chromosomal ampC and to counteract the hyperinduction of ampC that occurs from the selection of ampD null mutations during beta-lactam therapy.
Measuring the Transmission Matrix in Optics: An Approach to the Study and Control of Light Propagation in Disordered Media (2010)

We introduce a method to experimentally measure the monochromatic transmission matrix of a complex medium in optics. This method is based on a spatial phase modulator together with a full-field interferometric measurement on a camera. We determine the transmission matrix of a thick random scattering sample. We show that this matrix exhibits statistical properties in good agreement with random matrix theory and allows light focusing and imaging through the random medium. This method might give important insight into the mesoscopic properties of a complex medium.
Discovering recurrent events in video using unsupervised methods (2003)

Production videos such as news, sports and movies have a definitive structure that involves short term interaction as well as long term correlation. This structure in video can be captured by models that take into consideration the short term statistics as well as long term recurrence. We investigate the application of probabilistic models that capture this structure. The novel approach is to characterize the short term events in video by models that can account for temporal support in terms of piecewise stationary signals with transitions, These short term events can then be embedded within another temporal model that accounts for transitions between these event and thus characterizes long term history. This also leads to the detection of recurring events in video using a monolithic model. The proposed approach is an unsupervised algorithm for event detection and it can be used for summarization, similarity based matching and enhanced browsing.
Induction of Differentiation in a Case of Common Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (1982)

The majority (80 per cent) of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have neither cell-surface immunoglobulin nor T-cell-associated surface antigens that would clearly identify the disease as having either a B-cell or a T-cell lineage.1 Two recent findings indicate that many such cases of "common" non-T,non-B ALL are neoplasms of early B cells. First of all, although the surface immunoglobulin seen on mature B cells is lacking in common ALL, detectable intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin is expressed in approximately 20 per cent of cases, usually as μ heavy chains but without light chains.2 Secondly, before effective expression of an immunoglobulin gene occurs, . . .
Shewanella japonica sp. nov. (2001)

Two strains of agar-digesting bacteria, KMM 3299T and KMM 3300, respectively isolated from sea water and the mussel Protothaca jedoensis, have been characterized. Based on sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, KMM 3299T showed the highest similarity (93-95%) to members of the genus Shewanella. The G+C contents of the DNAs of these strains were 43-44 mol%. The level of DNA homology between the two strains was conspecific (95%), indicating that they represent a distinct genospecies. These organisms were non-pigmented, Gram-negative, polarly flagellated, facultatively anaerobic, mesophilic, neutrophilic and able to degrade a wide range of high molecular mass polymers, including alginate, carrageenan, laminaran and agar. The novel organisms were susceptible to gentamycin, carbenicillin, lincomycin and oleandomycin. The predominant cellular fatty acids were i-15:0, 16:0, 16:1(n-7), 18:1(n-7). Eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5(n-3), was detected in the two isolates at levels of 1-8%, depending on the temperature of cultivation. Phylogenetic evidence, together with phenotypic characteristics, showed that the two isolates studied constitute a novel species of the genus Shewanella. The name Shewanella japonica is proposed; the type strain is KMM 3299T(= LMG 19691T = CIP 106860T).
Diabetes bei Insulinresistenz (1987)

Insulinresistenz ist ein allen Formen des Diabetes mellitus eigenes Phänomen, das sehr unterschiedlich beschrieben und definiert worden ist. So bedeutet Insulinresistenz anfänglich vor allem ein gegenüber der Norm stark vermehrter Insulinbedarf (> 200 E/ die) bei insulinpflichtigen Diabetikern [1]. Erst später wurde versucht, Insulinresistenz als einen gegenüber der Norm verminderten Glukoseverbrauch bei konstanter Insulinzufuhr und Euglykämie zu verstehen [2]. Die Verknüpfungen zwischen Insulinresistenz und Hyperglykämie sowie den verschiedenen Formen des Diabetes sind dabei vielfältig und lassen die Frage offen, ob eine bestehende Insulinresistenz nun Ursache oder Folge einer Hyperglykämie ist (Tabelle 1). Ein genaues Wissen um diese Zusammenhänge ist vor allem dann von Bedeutung, wenn es um die Frage geht, ob Hyperglykämie und damit ein Diabetes durch eine „primär endogene Insulinresistenz“ ausgelöst werden kann.
Prognostic value of the Gleason score in prostate cancer (2002)

The long-term prognosis of prostate cancer on deferred treatment is predicted well by the Gleason score. Four prognostic categories of prostate cancer are suggested, i.e. Gleason score 4-5, 6, 7 and 8-10.
Role of Web 2.0 in Navy Meteorology and Oceanography (METOC) (2009)

Web 2.0 methodologies can bring new levels of collaboration and productivity to the Navy Meteorology and Oceanography (METOC) community as it has the commercial industry. Web 2.0 will help tie together existing Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) implementations, enabling rapid creation of business applications using mashups. Users will also find more relevant content quicker through Social Networking, Social Ranking and Tagging.