gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mining and Visualizing Large Anticancer Drug Discovery Databases (1999)

In order to find more effective anticancer drugs, the U.S. National Cancer Institute (NCI) screens a large number of compounds in vitro against 60 human cancer cell lines from different organs of origin. About 70,000 compounds have been tested in the program since 1990, and each tested compound can be characterized by a vector (i.e., "fingerprint") of 60 anticancer activity, or -[log(GI50)], values. GI50 is the concentration required to inhibit cell growth by 50% compared with untreated controls. Although cell growth inhibitory activity for a single cell line is not very informative, activity patterns across the 60 cell lines can provide incisive information on the mechanisms of action of screened compounds and also on molecular targets and modulators of activity within the cancer cells. Various statistical and artificial intelligence methods, including principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, stepwise linear regression, multidimensional scaling, neural network modeling, and genetic function approximation, among others, can be used to analyze this large activity database. Mining the database can provide useful information: (a) for the development of anticancer drugs; (b) for a better understanding of the molecular pharmacology of cancer; and (c) for improvement of the drug discovery process.
Use of small charcoal/alumina cleanup columns in determination of trichothecene mycotoxins in foods and feeds. (1986)

Small charcoal/alumina cleanup columns have been effectively used to remove interfering materials from grain, feed, and food extracts prior to chromatographic determination of trichothecene mycotoxins. A thin layer chromatographic method has been developed that can simultaneously detect part per billion concentrations of deoxynivalenol, fusarenon X, nivalenol, T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, neosolaniol, and diacetoxyscirpenol in food and feed samples. Recoveries of 90-99% can be obtained. The use of charcoal/alumina cleanup columns in conjunction with liquid chromatography and gas chromatography of trichothecenes is also discussed.
13.3 A 10mW Bluetooth Low-Energy transceiver with on-chip matching (2015)

Wireless sensor nodes present a difficult compromise at the system level between low power consumption, interference resilience and ease/size of the application. Recent low-power designs employ receiver architectures in which the LO runs at or below the received frequency (in TX at the required RF frequency). These architectures facilitate LO generation and distribution at a favorably low frequency, but cause a systematic, hard-to-circumvent susceptibility to out-of-band blockers in RX [1] and pulling in TX [1,2]. The presented Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE) transceiver, as shown in Fig. 13.3.1, was purposely designed with a classic double-frequency VCO architecture to avoid these inherent weaknesses, but still significantly reduces the power consumption of designs of the same architecture [3,4]. In order to ease application, an on-chip DC-DC converter supports battery operation between 0.9V and 3.3V. An on-chip T/R switch, RX balun and impedance matching allow 50Ω chip antennae to be used directly on the single-ended RFIO pin, without the need for external RF filtering. This enables minimum-sized modules and a fast time-to-market.
A Novel Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptor-interacting Protein That Is Also a Light Chain of the Motor Protein Dynein (2002)

The phosphorylated, activated cytoplasmic domains of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) receptors were used as probes to screen an expression library that was prepared from a highly TGFbeta-responsive intestinal epithelial cell line. One of the TGFbeta receptor-interacting proteins isolated was identified to be the mammalian homologue of the LC7 family (mLC7) of dynein light chains (DLCs). This 11-kDa cytoplasmic protein interacts with the TGFbeta receptor complex intracellularly and is phosphorylated on serine residues after ligand-receptor engagement. Forced expression of mLC7-1 induces specific TGFbeta responses, including an activation of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), a phosphorylation of c-Jun, and an inhibition of cell growth. Furthermore, TGFbeta induces the recruitment of mLC7-1 to the intermediate chain of dynein. A kinase-deficient form of TGFbeta RII prevents both mLC7-1 phosphorylation and interaction with the dynein intermediate chain (DIC). This is the first demonstration of a link between cytoplasmic dynein and a natural growth inhibitory cytokine. Furthermore, our results suggest that TGFbeta pathway components may use a motor protein light chain as a receptor for the recruitment and transport of specific cargo along microtublules.
Chemistry of carbanions. XXVII. Convenient precursor for the generation of lithium organocuprates (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of carbanions. XXVII. Convenient precursor for the generation of lithium organocupratesHerbert O. House, Chia-Yeh Chu, Joyce M. Wilkins, and Michael J. UmenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 10, 1460–1469Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00898a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00898a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2558Altmetric-Citations224LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nucleic acid detection with CRISPR-Cas13a/C2c2 (2017)

Rapid, inexpensive, and sensitive nucleic acid detection may aid point-of-care pathogen detection, genotyping, and disease monitoring. The RNA-guided, RNA-targeting clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) effector Cas13a (previously known as C2c2) exhibits a “collateral effect” of promiscuous ribonuclease activity upon target recognition. We combine the collateral effect of Cas13a with isothermal amplification to establish a CRISPR-based diagnostic (CRISPR-Dx), providing rapid DNA or RNA detection with attomolar sensitivity and single-base mismatch specificity. We use this Cas13a-based molecular detection platform, termed Specific High-Sensitivity Enzymatic Reporter UnLOCKing (SHERLOCK), to detect specific strains of Zika and Dengue virus, distinguish pathogenic bacteria, genotype human DNA, and identify mutations in cell-free tumor DNA. Furthermore, SHERLOCK reaction reagents can be lyophilized for cold-chain independence and long-term storage and be readily reconstituted on paper for field applications.
Lactosomes: Structural and Compositional Classification of Unique Nanometer-Sized Protein Lipid Particles of Human Milk (2010)

Milk fat globules (MFGs) are accepted primarily as triacylglycerol delivery systems. The identification of nanometer-sized lipid-protein particles termed "lactosomes" that do not contain triacylglycerol raises the question of their possible functions. MFGs were isolated by slow centrifugation, and lactosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation at a density equivalent to plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDL) (d > 1.063 g/mL) from human milk obtained from six volunteers at different lactation stages. Isolated lactosomes were analyzed and compared with MFGs for their size distribution, lipidome, proteome, and functional activity. Lactosomes from early milk, day 8, were found to be similar in size as those from mature milk >28 days, averaging ∼ 25 nm in diameter. In total, 97 nonredundant proteins were identified in the MFG and lactosome fractions, 46 of which were unique to the MFG fraction and 29 of which were unique to the lactosome fraction. The proteins identified in the lactosome and MFG fractions were enriched with proteins identified with immunomodulatory pathways. Unlike MFGs and GM1-laden reconstituted HDL that served as a positive control, lactosomal binding capacity to cholera toxin was weak. Lipidomic analyses found that lactosomes were devoid of triacylglycerol and gangliosides, unlike MFGs, but rich in a variety of phospholipid species. The data found differences in structure, composition, and function between lactosomes and MFG, suggesting that these two particles are derived from different biosynthetic and/or secretory pathways. The results reveal a bioactive lipid-protein, nanometer-length scale particle that is secreted into milk not to supply energy to the infant but to play unique, protective, and regulatory roles.
Whispering-gallery mode based photonic RF receiver (2010)

We describe our recent achievements in the integration of narrowband photonic RF receivers and discuss their ultimate performance parameters. The best sensitivity and the spurious free dynamic range achieved in the current built of our coherent receiver approaches -145 dBm/Hz and 90 dB/Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2/3</sup> respectively. We plan to improve these values to -164 dBm/Hz and 105 dB/Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2/3</sup> in the next generation receivers, while keeping the 13.5 × 8.5 × 4.7 mm form factor intact.
Inflammation, the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk. (2003)

Over the past ten years it has become clear that cardiovascular disease (CVD) and atherosclerosis have a 'microinflammatory' component and are often associated with low levels of inflammatory markers that are in the upper part of the 'normal' range. In particular, diseases that predispose to CVD, such as the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, appear to have a very strong inflammatory component. While the inflammatory process is very complicated, single measures, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) or fibrinogen, have clear benefits as they summarise many different parts of the inflammatory process and are easy to apply. However, it is important to remember that the process of inflammation includes coagulation, fibrinolysis, complement activation, antioxidation, immune response and hormonal regulation through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Furthermore, genetic variation, differences in exposure to environmental influences and the mass of inflammation-producing tissue (e.g. adipose tissue) can all influence responses. Thus, the relationship between atherosclerosis, the metabolic syndrome and inflammation is extraordinarily complex. Inflammatory markers such as CRP exhibit strong CVD-risk prediction that is consistent across sexes and a number of different populations. They reflect risk not only for 'vulnerable plaque' and myocardial infarction (MI) but also for other cardiovascular diseases. In fact, inflammation is associated with several, if not all, of the chronic diseases of old age, and it is now clear that there are important links between inflammation and general metabolism. For instance, visceral adiposity exerts a major influence on inflammation status. Medications that affect atherosclerosis appear to do so at least in part by influencing inflammation (for instance, the emerging pleiotropic effects of statins), and this has far-reaching ramifications for chronic diseases of old age and their treatment.
Phase I Study of OSI-7904L, a Novel Liposomal Thymidylate Synthase Inhibitor in Patients with Refractory Solid Tumors (2005)

OSI-7904L given as a 30-minute i.v. infusion every 21 days is feasible and well tolerated at the recommended phase II dose of 12 mg/m(2). The main toxicities are rash, pruritus, lethargy, stomatitis, and myelosuppression. Observed toxicities were predictable and characteristic for TSIs.
Increased citrullinated glial fibrillary acidic protein in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (2004)

In this study, we demonstrate that grossly unaffected white matter from secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SP-MS) patients is heavily citrullinated, as compared to normal white matter from control patients. Citrullination was most pronounced at plaque interfaces and was shown to colocalize with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactivity using dual color immunofluorescence. In contrast, the plaques themselves weakly stained for citrullinated proteins compared to control white matter and usually contained a blood vessel with surrounding astrocytes that were positive both for citrullinated proteins and GFAP. In SP-MS brain samples, but not in normal brains, long fibers of colocalized GFAP- and citrullinated proteins extended into the gray matter. Increased numbers of astrocytes containing citrullinated proteins and GFAP were also present at the junction between the gray and white matter in SP-MS brains. Western blot analysis of acidic brain proteins from nonplaque-containing white matter showed upregulation of multiple citrullinated GFAP proteins in SP-MS brains as compared to controls. Our results demonstrate that increased amounts of citrullinated GFAP are present in SP-MS brains, but also shows that these proteins are present in areas of MS brains that were grossly normal appearing. These data raise the possibility that citrullination of GFAP contributes to the pathophysiology of MS.
Chemical Additives and Foam to Enhance SAGD Performance (2015)

Abstract SAGD (steam assisted gravity drainage) is known as the main technology to tackle the exploitation of heavy oil and oil sand resources in Alberta. The oil industry seems to be well-educated today about SAGD's challenges and opportunities. Enhancing the efficiency of SAGD operations remains an area of investigation as it is tied to economic and environmental measures. Use of chemical additives and foam with SAGD is a strategy proposed on this account. Foam is dispersion of gas in a continuous water phase with thin films (lamella), acting as a separator. Given its sensitivity to oil distribution, foam tends to reside in higher permeability layers with less residual oil. Thermally stable surfactants are essential to maintain the foam life because surfactants stabilize lamella by decreasing the water-gas interfacial tension. Adding surfactants also lowers the interfacial tension at the water-oil interface and further produces water in oil or oil in water emulsion. In situ emulsion generation is thus another active mechanism that is involved as a result of surfactants presence. Due to the above properties, steam movement is hindered, and gravity override is consequently limited, thereby resulting in high injection pressure that thoroughly displaces oil. Also, foam injection is conducive for blocking thief zones and decreasing channeling. In terms of emulsification, oil in water emulsion flow decreases water permeability created by emulsion droplets entrapment in throats, transferring the injection flow into poorly exploited areas. More trapped oil is mobilized by interfacial tension drop. The existence of water in oil emulsion contributes to heat transfer because the generation reaction is exothermic. All mechanisms mentioned are incorporated to illustrate CAFA-SAGD (chemical additives and foam assisted SAGD) performance and compare it with SAGD in both homogeneous and heterogeneous reservoirs using CMG® STARS. The reservoir under study is analyzed with low permeability layers, top water, bottom water, and lean zones for the heterogeneous case. The surfactants properties and foamibility are considered through appropriate reactions introduced into the simulator. The phase behavior for emulsification regulates different relative permeability regimes into the oil flow. We find that adding additives contributes to higher production and leads to less steam consumed. This study incorporates viscosity reduction, mobility control, interfacial tension drop, and emulsification mechanisms to present the effects of chemical additives and foam towards SAGD performance. Our results indicate that using additives with SAGD can maintain a uniform steam chamber growth while reducing the heat loss to overburden. It has a significant long-term oil production capability.
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1): a growth hormone (2001)

IGF-1 is an important growth hormone, mediating the protein anabolic and linear growth promoting effect of pituitary GH. It has a GH independent growth stimulating effect, which with respect to cartilage cells is possibly optimised by the synergistic action with GH.
Surface passivation of high‐efficiency silicon solar cells by atomic‐layer‐deposited Al2O3 (2008)

Abstract Atomic‐layer‐deposited aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) is applied as rear‐surface‐passivating dielectric layer to passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC)‐type crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cells. The excellent passivation of low‐resistivity p ‐type silicon by the negative‐charge‐dielectric Al 2 O 3 is confirmed on the device level by an independently confirmed energy conversion efficiency of 20·6%. The best results are obtained for a stack consisting of a 30 nm Al 2 O 3 film covered by a 200 nm plasma‐enhanced‐chemical‐vapour‐deposited silicon oxide (SiO x ) layer, resulting in a rear surface recombination velocity (SRV) of 70 cm/s. Comparable results are obtained for a 130 nm single‐layer of Al 2 O 3 , resulting in a rear SRV of 90 cm/s. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Cell Dynamics During Somite Boundary Formation Revealed by Time-Lapse Analysis (2002)

We follow somite segmentation in living chick embryos and find that the shaping process is not a simple periodic slicing of tissue blocks but a much more carefully choreographed separation in which the somite pulls apart from the segmental plate. Cells move across the presumptive somite boundary and violate gene expression boundaries thought to correlate with the site of the somite boundary. Similarly, cells do not appear to be preassigned to a given somite as they leave the node. The results offer a detailed picture of somite shaping and provide a spatiotemporal framework for linking gene expression with cell movements.
A reporter‐cell assay for the detection of BMP‐2 immobilized on porous and nonporous materials (2002)

Abstract Human recombinant bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) immobilized on the surface of metal implants can facilitate osseointegration. Here, we describe a cell reporter assay useful for quantifying small amounts of immobilized rhBMP‐2 on various materials. The peptide was dotted and heat‐fixed on titanium, 316L stainless steel, nitrocellulose, or glass, and its distribution was monitored by in situ biotinylation followed by detection with the avidin–biotin method. Bioactivity of rhBMP‐2 was demonstrated by means of a confluent layer of osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells that evenly covered rhBMP‐2–free and rhBMP‐2–loaded surface areas, as shown with epifluorescence microscopy of calcein acetoxymethyl (AM)‐loaded cells. Expression of osteocalcin, fibronectin, actin, and vimentin increased where cells were located on rhBMP‐2 dotted areas, but the signal:noise ratio was too low to bioassay the peptide. However, local pronounced expression of alkaline phosphatase was used to quantify BMP‐2 in the range of 5–80 ng/dot by means of a cytochemical color reaction for alkaline phosphatase and image analysis of resulting dots. The lower detection limit was in the order nitrocellulose &gt; glass &gt; titanium &gt; 316L steel. We conclude that the cell reporter assay is useful to assess biological activity of rhBMP‐2 even after immobilization on three‐dimensional implant materials. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 62: 119–127, 2002
Detection and analysis of the Rhodopsin gene in a consanguineous Chinese Han autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa family (2013)

Background Rhodopsin (RHO) gene is the most common disease gene for autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP),one of the main pathogenesis is that misfolded mutant RHO proteins accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum and cause endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS).Objective This study aimed to determine the genetic basis for a consanguineous Chinese Han adRP family.Methods This study procedure complied with Helsinki Declaration.All participants in the family were investigated under the informed consent.Regular ocular examination was performed on the patients in this family.Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was carried out to screen the mutations in 189 genes associated with hereditary retinal diseases (HRDs).After being analyzed and filtered,variations detected by NGS were validated by Sanger sequencing and evaluating of pathogenicity.The wild-type RHOWT and mutant RHOP53Rwere cloned into the vector pEGFP-N1.Then the two plasmids were transfected into adult retinal pigmentosa epithelium cell line(ARPE19) and human embryo kidney 293 line (HEK293) to observe the location of rhodopsin-GFP fusion protein in cells,and the expression of ERS related protein XBP1 in the cells was detected by quantitative-PCR and Western blot.Results This family included 5 generations with the typical adRP characteristics.Genetic analysis identified a heterozygous variation,p.P53R in RHO gene,which was fully cosegregated in the family.Wild-type RHOWT-GFP fusion proteins showed the green fluorescence on the endoplasmic reticulum and cytomembrane,but the misfolded mutant RHO-GFP fusion protein gathered only in endoplasmic reticulum.Compared to wild-type RHOWT,the XBP1 was activated and increased by (1.28 ±0.09) fold.The introns of 26 bases in XBP1 mRNA were removed in the HEK293 cells with mutant RHO-GFP fusion protein,and the expression of XBP1 was stronger in the HEK293 cells with mutant RHO-GFP than that in HEK293 cells with wild type RHO-GFP and cells with blank pEGFP-N1 plasmid.Conclusions Heterozygous variant RHO p.P53R is very likely the pathogenical mutation in the adRP family.The RHOP53R mutant rhodopsin protein can not be delivery effectively from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell membrane,and these proteins accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum,which causes ERS.

Key words: 
Autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa;  Rhodopsin;  Next-generation sequencing;  Endoplasmic reticulum stress
Quantum Error Correcting Subsystem Codes From Two Classical Linear Codes (2006)

The essential insight of quantum error correction was that quantum information can be protected by suitably encoding this quantum information across multiple independently erred quantum systems. Recently it was realized that, since the most general method for encoding quantum information is to encode it into a subsystem, there exists a novel form of quantum error correction beyond the traditional quantum error correcting subspace codes. These new quantum error correcting subsystem codes differ from subspace codes in that their quantum correcting routines can be considerably simpler than related subspace codes. Here we present a class of quantum error correcting subsystem codes constructed from two classical linear codes. These codes are the subsystem versions of the quantum error correcting subspace codes which are generalizations of Shor's original quantum error correcting subspace codes. For every Shor-type code, the codes we present give a considerable savings in the number of stabilizer measurements needed in their error recovery routines.