gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive manipulator control a case study (2005)

Earlier work (Slotine and Li, 1986) exploits the particular structure of manipulator dynamics to develop a simple, globally convergent adaptive algorithm for trajectory control problems. The algorithm does not require measurements or estimates of the manipulator's joint accelerations, nor inversion of the estimated inertia matrix. This paper demonstrates the approach on a high-speed 2 d.o.f. semi-direct-drive robot. It shows that the manipulator mass properties, assumed to be initially unknown, can be precisely estimated within the first half second of a typical run. Similarly, the algorithm allows large loads of unknown mass properties to be precisely manipulated. Further, these experimental results demonstrate that the adaptive controller enjoys essentially the same level of robustness to unmodelled dynamics as a PD controller, yet achieves much better tracking accuracy than either PD or computed-torque schemes. Its superior performance for high speed operations, in the presence of parameter uncertainties, and its relative computational simplicity, make it a attractive option both to address complex industrial tasks, and to simplify high-level programming of more standard operations.
NovelGNE mutations in Italian families with autosomal recessive hereditary inclusion-body myopathy (2004)

The most common form of autosomal recessive (AR) hereditary inclusion-body myopathy (HIBM), originally described in Persian-Jewish families, is characterized by onset in early adult life with weakness and atrophy of distal lower limb muscles, which progress proximally and relatively spare the quadriceps. AR HIBM is associated with mutations in the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase gene (GNE) on chromosome 9p12-13. In the present study we have identified seven novel GNE mutations in patients from five unrelated Italian families with clinical and pathologic features indicative of AR HIBM. Four were missense mutations (c.1556A>G [p.N519S], c.79C>T [p.P27S], c.1798G>A [p.A600T] and c.616G>A [p.G206S]), two consisted in a single-base deletion (c.616delG [p.G206fsX4] and c.1130delT [p.I377fsX16]) and one in an intronic single-base insertion (c.1070+2dupT). These latter findings further extend the type of GNE mutations associated with HIBM. Furthermore, in one patient we also identified the c.737G>A [p.R246Q] missense mutation that corresponds to the one previously reported in a family from the Bahamas. Interestingly, in two of our families distinct mutations affected nucleotide c.616 in exon 3 (c.616delG and c.616G>A). The possibility of specific portions of the gene being more prone to mutations remains to be elucidated.
Interleukin 1 and tumour necrosis factor activate the mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase in cultured cells (1993)

Interleukin 1 (IL1) activated mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase in human gingival and foreskin fibroblasts and KB cells. Maximal activity was found in cytosolic extracts made after stimulating cells for 15 min. On anion-exchange chromatography two differently charged forms of MAP kinase kinase were identified, both phosphorylated a kinase-defective mutant MAP kinase, and activated recombinant wild type MAP kinase to phosphorylate MBP. Both were inhibited by an antiserum to recombinant MAP kinase kinase and the less acidic form was identified on Western blotting as an antigen of approximately 43 kDa. Indistinguishable forms were very much more strongly induced by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). TNF had a similar effect to that of IL1.
Dissimilation of aromatic compounds in Rhodotorula graminis: biochemical characterization of pleiotropically negative mutants (1984)

Microorganisms oxidize many aromatic compounds through the dihydroxylated intermediates catechol and protocatechuate and through the beta-ketoadipate pathway. The catabolic sequences used by the yeast Rhodotorula graminis for the dissimilation of aromatic compounds were elucidated after biochemical analysis of pleiotropically negative mutant strains. Growth properties of one mutant strain revealed that benzoate-4-hydroxylase was required for the utilization of phenylalanine, mandelate, and benzoate. Analysis of benzoate-4-hydroxylase- and p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase-deficient mutants provided genetic evidence that benzoate was hydroxylated in the para position forming p-hydroxybenzoate. Enzyme assays and growth studies with wild-type and mutant strains of R. graminis indicated that separate and highly specific hydroxylases oxidized p-hydroxybenzoate and m-hydroxybenzoate to protocatechuate. Examination of a protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase-deficient mutant demonstrated the role of the protocatechuate branch of the eucaryotic beta-ketoadipate pathway for the utilization of phenylalanine, mandelate, benzoate, and m-hydroxybenzoate. Salicylate, on the other hand, was shown to be metabolized through catechol. Thus, R. graminis differs from other yeasts such as Trichosporon cutaneum and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa in that it contains both branches of the beta-ketodipate pathway.
Borderless Teleradiology with CHILI (1999)

Teleradiology is one of the most evolved areas of telemedicine, but one of the basic problems which remains unsolved concerns system compatibility. The DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) standard is a prerequisite, but it is not sufficient in all aspects. Examples of other currently open issues are security and cooperative work in synchronous teleconferences. Users without a DICOM radiological workstation would benefit from the ability to join a teleradiology network without any special tools. Drawbacks of many teleradiology systems are that they are monolithic in their software design and cannot be adapted to the actual user's environment. Existing radiological systems currently cannot be extended with additional software components. Consequently, every new application usually needs a new workstation with a different look and feel, which must be connected and integrated into the existing infrastructure. This paper introduces the second generation teleradiology system CHILI. The system has been designed to match both the teleradiology requirements of the American College of Radiology (ACR), and the functionality and usability needs of the users. The experiences of software developers and teleradiology users who participated in the first years of the clinical use of CHILI's predecessor MEDICUS have been integrated into a new design. The system has been designed as a component-based architecture. The most powerful communication protocol for data exchange and teleconferencing is the CHILI protocol, which includes a strong data security concept. The system offers, in addition to its own secure protocol, several different communication Methods: DICOM, classic e-mail, Remote Copy functions (RCP), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), the internet protocols HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) and HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure),and CD-ROMs for off-line communication. These transfer METHODS allow the user to send images to nearly anyone with a computer and a network. The drawbacks of the non-CHILI protocols are that teleconferences are not possible, and that the user must take reasonable precautions for data privacy and security. The CHILI PlugIn mechanism enables the users or third parties to extend the system capabilities by adding powerful image postprocessing functions or interfaces to other information systems. Suitable PlugIns can be either existing programs, or dedicated applications programmed with interfaces to the CHILI components. The developer may freely choose programming languages and interface toolkits. The CHILI architecture is a powerful and flexible environment for Picture Archiving and Communications Systems (PACS)and teleradiology. More than 40 systems are currently running in clinical routine in Germany. More than 300,000 images have been distributed among the communication partners in the last two years. Feedback and suggestions from the users influenced the system architecture by a great extent. The proposed and implemented system has been optimized to be as platform independent, open, and secure as possible.
Insect sex pheromone production in yeasts and plants (2020)

• Insect sex pheromones are a safe and effective alternative to insecticides. • The pheromones in use today are made by chemical synthesis. • Pheromone pathway discovery in moths is crucial for bio-based production. • Microorganisms and plants can be engineered to produce pheromones at low cost. Insect infestation is a major problem in agriculture and forestry addressed primarily with insecticide sprays or genetically modified plant breeds. The problem has aggravated in the last decade due to the emergence of resistance among key insect pests and the removal of multiple insecticides from the market due to their toxicity. Pheromone-based methods for pest management have been in use for over 30 years, though primarily for high-value fruits due to the high cost of the chemical synthesis and pheromone application. As biotechnology solutions for pheromone production are emerging, pheromones will become an economically competitive technology for pest management also in low-value row crops. This review describes the advances in the discovery of pheromone biosynthetic pathways and the recent engineering of yeasts and plants for recombinant production of pheromones.
Synthesis, Structure−Activity Relationships, and Pharmacokinetic Properties of Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors:  2-Cyano-3-cyclopropyl-3-hydroxy- N-[3‘-methyl-4‘-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propenamide and Related Compounds (1996)

The active metabolite (2) of the novel immunosuppressive agent leflunomide (1) has been shown to inhibit the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). This enzyme catalyzes the fourth step in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. A series of analogues of the active metabolite 2 have been synthesized. Their in vivo biological activity determined in rat and mouse delayed type hypersensitivity has been found to correlate well with their in vitro DHODH potency. The most promising compound (3) has shown activity in rat and mouse collagen (II)-induced arthritis models (ED50 = 2 and 31 mg/kg, respectively) and has shown a shorter half-life in man when compared with leflunomide. Clinical studies in rheumatoid arthritis are in progress.
Differential Regulation of 4E-BP1 and 4E-BP2, Two Repressors of Translation Initiation, During Human Myeloid Cell Differentiation (1999)

Human myeloid differentiation is accompanied by a decrease in cell proliferation. Because the translation rate is an important determinant of cell proliferation, we have investigated translation initiation during human myeloid cell differentiation using the HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line and the U-937 monoblastic cell line. A decrease in the translation rate is observed when the cells are induced to differentiate along the monocytic/macrophage pathway or along the granulocytic pathway. The inhibition in protein synthesis correlates with specific regulation of two repressors of translation initiation, 4E-BP1 and 4E-BP2. Induction of HL-60 and U-937 cell differentiation into monocytes/macrophages by IFN-gamma or PMA results in a dephosphorylation and consequent activation of 4E-BP1. Dephosphorylation of 4E-BP1 was also observed when U-937 cells were induced to differentiate into monocytes/macrophages following treatment with retinoic acid or DMSO. In contrast, treatment of HL-60 cells with retinoic acid or DMSO, which results in a granulocytic differentiation of these cells, decreases 4E-BP1 amount without affecting its phosphorylation and strongly increases 4E-BP2 amount. Taken together, these data provide evidence for differential regulation of the translational machinery during human myeloid differentiation, specific to the monocytic/macrophage pathway or to the granulocytic pathway.
Gene Transfer as an Approach to Treating Hemophilia (2003)

Gene therapy is a novel area of therapeutics in which the active agent is a nucleic acid sequence rather than a protein or small molecule. Successful clinical applications of gene transfer have been limited to date because of shortcomings in the available gene delivery vehicles. The goal of gene transfer for hemophilia is to achieve sustained expression of factor (F) VIII or FIX at levels high enough to improve the symptoms of the disease. Hemophilia has proved to be an attractive model for those interested in gene transfer, and multiple gene transfer strategies are currently being investigated. So far, five different trials, three for hemophilia A and two for hemophilia B, have enrolled approximately 40 patients with severe hemophilia. This article summarizes the gene transfer strategies being investigated, the available preclinical data, and the early clinical results. In the past year, several groups have demonstrated sustained expression of clotting factors at levels of 5 to 10% of normal in large animal models of hemophilia. The goal of the ongoing clinical studies is to determine whether these results can safely be extended to humans.
A dynamic bandwidth allocation scheme for differentiated services in EPONs (2004)

Passive optical networks bring high-speed broadband access via fiber to the business, curb and home. Among various types of PONs, Ethernet PONs are gaining more and more attention since they are built on widely used Ethernet technology and can offer high bandwidth, low cost and broad services. EPONs use a point-to-multipoint topology, in which multiple optical network units share one uplink channel to transmit multimedia traffic to a control element, the optical line terminal. To avoid data collision on the shared uplink channel, a key issue in EPONs is a contention-free MAC protocol for the OLT to schedule the transmission order of different ONUs. In this article we first review some DBA schemes available in the literature, then propose a two-layer bandwidth allocation scheme that implements weight based priority for this need. To maximally satisfy the requests of all ONUs and provide differentiated services, an ONU is allowed to request bandwidth for all its available traffic, and all traffic classes proportionally share the bandwidth based on their instantaneous demands. The weight set for each class not only prevents high-priority traffic from monopolizing the bandwidth under heavy load but also ensures a minimum bandwidth allocated to each traffic class.
Highly Wrinkled Cross‐Linked Graphene Oxide Membranes for Biological and Charge‐Storage Applications (2011)

Inspired by the amphiphilicity of graphene oxide (GO), the surface of water is used as a template for the assembly of a GO film. Methacrylate-functionalized GO sheets can be cross-linked instantaneously at the water-air interface to form a highly wrinkled membrane spreading over an extended area. The multiple covalent linkages amongst the GO sheets enhances the in-plane stiffness of the film compared to noncovalently bonded GO films. The highly convoluted GO membrane can be used in two applications: the promoting of spontaneous stem-cell differentiation towards bone cell lineage without any chemical inducers, and for supercapacitor electrodes. Due to reduced van der Waals restacking, capacitance values up to 211 F g(-1) can be obtained. The scalable and inexpensive nature of this assembly route enables the engineering of membranes for applications in regenerative medicine and energy-storage devices where secondary structures like nanotopography and porosity are important performance enhancers.
Apoptotic cell death and altered calcium homeostasis caused by frataxin depletion in dorsal root ganglia neurons can be prevented by BH4 domain of Bcl-xL protein (2013)

Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a decreased expression of the mitochondrial protein frataxin. Major neurological symptoms of the disease are due to degeneration of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons. In this study we have explored the neurodegenerative events occurring by frataxin depletion on primary cultures of neurons obtained from rat DRGs. Reduction of 80% of frataxin levels in these cells was achieved by transduction with lentivirus containing shRNA silencing sequences. Frataxin depletion caused mitochondrial membrane potential decrease, neurite degeneration and apoptotic cell death. A marked increase of free intracellular Ca(2+) levels and alteration in Ca(2+)-mediated signaling pathways was also observed, thus suggesting that altered calcium homeostasis can play a pivotal role in neurodegeneration caused by frataxin deficiency. These deleterious effects were reverted by the addition of a cell-penetrant TAT peptide coupled to the BH4, the anti-apoptotic domain of Bcl-x(L). Treatment of cultured frataxin-depleted neurons with TAT-BH4 was able to restore the free intracellular Ca(2+) levels and protect the neurons from degeneration. These observations open the possibility of new therapies of FRDA based on modulating the Ca(2+) signaling and prevent apoptotic process to protect DRG neurons from neurodegeneration.
Metal Organic Framework Catalysis: Quo vadis? (2013)

In this perspective, we highlight the main opportunities of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) as heterogeneous catalysts. Along with our personal view on the most promising catalytic applications, the most important issues that still need to be addressed before commercial implementation of MOF catalysis are discussed.
Magnesium Alloys as Degradable Biomaterials (2015)

Magnesium Alloys as Degradable Biomaterials provides a comprehensive review of the biomedical applications of biodegradable magnesium and its alloys. Magnesium has seen increasing use in orthopedic and cardiovascular applications over the last decade, particularly for coronary stents and bone implants.The book discusses the basic concepts of biodeg
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and SAR of N‐Substituted Dibenzazepinone Derivatives as Novel Potent and Selective αvβ3 Antagonists. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Human DNA-(Cytosine-5) Methyltransferase-PCNA Complex as a Target for p21 WAF1 (1997)

DNA-(cytosine-5) methyltransferase (MCMT) methylates newly replicated mammalian DNA, but the factors regulating this activity are unknown. Here, MCMT is shown to bind proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), an auxiliary factor for DNA replication and repair. Binding of PCNA requires amino acids 163 to 174 of MCMT, occurs in intact cells at foci of newly replicated DNA, and does not alter MCMT activity. A peptide derived from the cell cycle regulator p21(WAF1) can disrupt the MCMT-PCNA interaction, which suggests that p21(WAF1) may regulate methylation by blocking access of MCMT to PCNA. MCMT and p21(WAF1) may be linked in a regulatory pathway, because the extents of their expression are inversely related in both SV40-transformed and nontransformed cells.
rhoB Encoding a UV-inducible Ras-related Small GTP-binding Protein Is Regulated by GTPases of the Rho Family and Independent of JNK, ERK, and p38 MAP Kinase (1997)

The small GTPase RhoB is immediate-early inducible by DNA damaging treatments and thus part of the early response of eukaryotic cells to genotoxic stress. To investigate the regulation of this cellular response, we isolated the gene for rhoB from a mouse genomic library. Sequence analysis of the rhoB gene showed that its coding region does not contain introns. The promoter region of rhoB harbors regulatory elements such as TATA, CAAT, and Sp1 boxes but not consensus sequences for AP-1, Elk-1, or c-Jun/ATF-2. The rhoB promoter was activated by UV irradiation, but not by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate treatment. rhoB promoter deletion constructs revealed a fragment of 0.17 kilobases in size which was sufficient in eliciting the UV response. This minimal promoter fragment contains TATA and CAAT boxes but no other known regulatory elements. Neither MEK inhibitor PD98059 nor p38 kinase inhibitor SB203580 blocked stimulation of rhoB by UVC (UV light, 254 nm) which indicates that ERK or p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase are not involved in the UV induction of rhoB. Also, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin, which blocks UV stimulation of both JNK and p38 MAP kinase, did not inhibit rhoB activation. Furthermore, activation of JNK by interleukin-1beta did not affect rhoB expression. These data indicate that JNK is not involved in the regulation of rhoB. Overexpression of wild-type Rac as well as the Rho guanine-dissociation inhibitor caused activation of rhoB. Wild-type RhoB inhibited both basal and UV-stimulated rhoB promoter activity, indicating a negative regulatory feedback by RhoB itself. The data provide evidence both for a signal transduction pathway independent of JNK, ERK, and p38 MAP kinase to be involved in the induction of rhoB by genotoxic stress, and furthermore, indicate autoregulation of rhoB.
Long-term generation and expansion of human primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro (1993)

Although sustained production of committed human hematopoietic progenitor cells in long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMC) is well documented, evidence for the generation and expansion of human primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells (PHPC) in such cultures is lacking. For that purpose, we attempted to determine if the human high proliferative potential colony-forming cell (HPP-CFC), a primitive hematopoietic marrow progenitor cell, is capable of generation and expansion in vitro. To that effect, stromal cell-free LTBMC were initiated with CD34+ HLA-DR-CD15- rhodamine 123dull bone marrow cells and were maintained with repeated addition of c-kit ligand and a synthetic interleukin-3/granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor fusion protein. By day 21 of LTBMC, a greater than twofold increase in the number of assayable HPP-CFC was detected. Furthermore, the production of HPP-CFC in LTBMC continued for up to 4 weeks, resulting in a 5.5-fold increase in HPP-CFC numbers. Weekly phenotypic analyses of cells harvested from LTBMC showed that the number of CD34+ HLA-DR- cells increased from 10(4) on day 0 to 56 CD34+ HLA-DR- cells increased from 10(4) on day 0 to 56 x 10(4) by day 21. To examine further the nature of the in vitro HPP-CFC expansion, individual HPP-CFC colonies were serially cloned. Secondary cloning of individual, day 28 primary HPP-CFC indicated that 46% of these colonies formed an average of nine secondary colony-forming unit--granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM)--derived colonies, whereas 43% of primary HPP-CFC gave rise to between one and six secondary HPP-CFC colonies and 6 to 26 CFU-GM. These data show that CD34+ HLA-DR- CD15- rhodamine 123dull cells represent a fraction of human bone marrow highly enriched for HPP-CFC and that based on their regeneration and proliferative capacities, a hierarchy of HPP-CFC exists. Furthermore, these studies indicate that in the presence of appropriate cytokine stimulation, it is possible to expand the number of PHPC in vitro.