gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular cloning of human prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase type II and demonstration of expression in response to cytokines. (1993)

Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase (PHS) catalyzes the committed step in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxane. We recently observed dissociation of PHS activity and enzyme mass measured in an immunoassay of endothelial cells exposed to tumor necrosis factor. These data and observations by others suggested that endothelial cells express an alternate PHS. We now report the molecular cloning of human PHS type II from an endothelial cell cDNA library. The protein encoded by this cDNA shares 61% identity with the human PHS I. Southern analysis demonstrated a single copy of PHS II and we found a polymorphism in approximately 5% of the population. PHS II mapped to chromosome 1, in contrast to PHS I, which is on chromosome 9. The PHS II cDNA hybridized strongly to a 4.3-kilobase (kb) message from endothelial cells. Stimulation of the cells with tumor necrosis factor, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, lipopolysaccharide, or interleukin-1 increased mRNA levels for PHS II, and this change correlated well with increased prostacyclin biosynthesis. Cycloheximide induced PHS II mRNA without a corresponding activity increase demonstrating that translation of the 4.3-kb message is required for increased prostacyclin biosynthesis. We conclude that expression of PHS II may have important pathophysiological effects in the vasculature.
Using printing and molding techniques to produce distributed feedback and Bragg reflector resonators for plastic lasers (1998)

We describe the use of low cost printing and molding techniques to fabricate distributed feedback and Bragg reflector resonators for photoexcited plastic lasers that have narrow emission profiles in the visible range. The good performance of the lasers demonstrates the suitability of these techniques for fabricating certain types of functional optoelectronic devices that require submicron features patterned over macroscopic areas.
The nucleoporin Nup153 maintains nuclear envelope architecture and is required for cell migration in tumor cells (2010)

Nucleoporin 153 (Nup153), a component of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), has been implicated in the interaction of the NPC with the nuclear lamina. Here we show that depletion of Nup153 by RNAi results in alteration of the organization of the nuclear lamina and the nuclear lamin-binding protein Sun1. More striking, Nup153 depletion induces a dramatic cytoskeletal rearrangement that impairs cell migration in human breast carcinoma cells. Our results point to a very prominent role of Nup153 in connection to cell motility that could be exploited in order to develop novel anti-cancer therapy.
Lentivectors for Regulated and Reversible Cutaneous Gene Delivery (2003)

Systemic administration of therapeutic proteins has value in treating a wide variety of disorders, including erythropoietin (Epo)-responsive anemias. Recombinant proteins, however, are costly and require repeated injections, while gene delivery approaches have suffered from inefficiency and difficulties with regulation. The skin effectively delivers polypeptides to the circulation, and improved approaches would support sustainable, topically regulated protein expression after a single vector injection. Toward this goal, we generated lentivectors in which both gene delivery and persistence in skin are regulated by administration of distinct steroid ligands. Following a single injection of regulated lentivector into human skin regenerated on immunodeficient mice, topical glucocorticoid ligands regulated Epo levels and hematocrit over time. Abrogation of gene delivery was achieved by both glucocorticoid cessation and proviral excision via a 4-hydroxytamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase. These findings establish an approach to durable, topically controlled systemic delivery of therapeutic proteins from human skin tissue.
Fatty acid uptake and metabolism in a human intestinal cell line (Caco-2): comparison of apical and basolateral incubation. (1991)

Free fatty acids can enter the enterocyte via the apical or basolateral plasma membrane. We have used the Caco-2 intestinal cell line to examine the polarity of free fatty acid uptake and metabolism in the enterocyte. Differentiated Caco-2 cells form polarized monolayers with tight junctions, and express the small intestine-specific enzymes sucrase and alkaline phosphatase. Cells were grown on permeable polycarbonate Transwell filters, thus allowing separate access to the apical and basolateral compartments. Total uptake of [3H]palmitate bound to bovine serum albumin (palmitate-BSA 4:1) was twofold higher (P less than 0.05 or less) at the apical surface than at the basolateral surface. The relative apical and basolateral membrane surface areas of the Caco-2 cells, as measured by partition of the fluorophore trimethylammonium-diphenylhexatriene TMA-DPH), was found to be 1:3. Thus, apical fatty acid uptake was sixfold higher than basolateral uptake per unit surface area. Analysis of metabolites after incubation with submicellar concentrations of [3H]palmitate showed that the triacylglycerol to phospholipid (TG:PL) ratio was higher for fatty acid added to the apical as compared to the basolateral compartment (20% at 60 min, P less than 0.025). Little fatty acid oxidation was observed. Preincubation with albumin-bound palmitate, alone or with monoolein, increased the incorporation of both apical and basolateral free fatty acids into TG. The results suggest that the net uptake of long-chain free fatty acids across the apical plasma membrane is greater than uptake across the basolateral membrane. In addition, a small increase in the TG:PL ratio for apically, compared to basolaterally, added free fatty acids suggests that polarity of metabolism occurs to a limited extent in Caco-2 enterocytes.
Use of polylactic acid for the preparation of microparticulate drug delivery systems (1991)

This report reviews the development of particulate drug delivery systems technology based on polylactic acid (PLA). The following methods used to produce PLA microparticles are considered: emulsion solvent evaporation, emulsion solvent extraction, interfacial phase deposition, spray coating, and the melting method. The different preparation processes and parameters used, the characteristics of microparticles obtained and those parameters affecting the characteristics of these systems, are discussed.
Analyzing high-density oligonucleotide gene expression array data (2000)

We have developed methods and identified problems associated with the analysis of data generated by high-density, oligonuceotide gene expression arrays. Our methods are aimed at accounting for many of the sources of variation that make it difficult, at times, to realize consistent results. We present here descriptions of some of these methods and how they impact the analysis of oligonucleotide gene expression array data. We will discuss the process of recognizing the "spots" (or features) on the Affymetrix GeneChip(R) probe arrays, correcting for background and intensity gradients in the resulting images, scaling/normalizing an array to allow array-to-array comparisons, monitoring probe performance with respect to hybridization efficiency, and assessing whether a gene is present or differentially expressed. Examples from the analyses of gene expression validation data are presented to contrast the different methods applied to these types of data.
Prevalence of Gonococcal and Chlamydial Infections in Commercial Sex Workers in a Peruvian Amazon City (1999)

High infection rates, lack of knowledge regarding STD/HIV risk assessment, and other high-risk behavior prevalent among this population stress the need for STD intervention. The study further suggests that educational/risk assessment programs and risk reduction interventions could be successful.
To send or not to send: implementing deferred transmissions in a mobile host (2002)

As mobile hosts move, they encounter changing network characteristics. Characteristics such as bandwidth, reliability can change drastically when a mobile host moves from indoor to outdoor environment and vice versa. A mobile host can find itself in a lossy environment due to external conditions such as interference and fading. Existing end-to-end protocols are designed with an assumption that packet loss is a random and rare event. However due to mobility of hosts, there can be transient yet significant packet loss. In this paper we consider the effect of mobility on unreliable protocols such as UDP. We provide a mechanism by which unnecessary loss of packets can be avoided by allowing transmission only under "good" link conditions.
Jerk-bounded manipulator trajectory planning: design for real-time applications (2003)

An online method for obtaining smooth, jerk-bounded trajectories has been developed and implemented. Jerk limitation is important in industrial robot applications, since it results in improved path tracking and reduced wear on the robot. The method described herein uses a concatenation of fifth-order polynomials to provide a smooth trajectory between two way points. The trajectory approximates a linear segment with parabolic blends trajectory. A sine wave template is used to calculate the end conditions (control points) for ramps from zero acceleration to nonzero acceleration. Joining these control points with quintic polynomials results in a controlled quintic trajectory that does not oscillate, and is near time optimal for the jerk and acceleration limits specified. The method requires only the computation of the quintic control points, up to a maximum of eight points per trajectory way point. This provides hard bounds for online motion algorithm computation time. A method for blending these straight-line trajectories over a series of way points is also discussed. Simulations and experimental results on an industrial robot are presented.
CD36 Is a Novel Serum Amyloid A (SAA) Receptor Mediating SAA Binding and SAA-induced Signaling in Human and Rodent Cells (2010)

Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a major acute phase protein involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes. This study provides experimental evidence that CD36, a phagocyte class B scavenger receptor, functions as a novel SAA receptor mediating SAA proinflammatory activity. The uptake of Alexa Fluor 488 SAA as well as of other well established CD36 ligands was increased 5-10-fold in HeLa cells stably transfected with CD36 when compared with mock-transfected cells. Unlike other apolipoproteins that bind to CD36, only SAA induced a 10-50-fold increase of interleukin-8 secretion in CD36-overexpressing HEK293 cells when compared with control cells. SAA-mediated effects were thermolabile, inhibitable by anti-SAA antibody, and also neutralized by association with high density lipoprotein but not by association with bovine serum albumin. SAA-induced cell activation was inhibited by a CD36 peptide based on the CD36 hexarelin-binding site but not by a peptide based on the thrombospondin-1-binding site. A pronounced reduction (up to 60-75%) of SAA-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion was observed in cd36(-/-) rat macrophages and Kupffer cells when compared with wild type rat cells. The results of the MAPK phosphorylation assay as well as of the studies with NF-kappaB and MAPK inhibitors revealed that two MAPKs, JNK and to a lesser extent ERK1/2, primarily contribute to elevated cytokine production in CD36-overexpressing HEK293 cells. In macrophages, four signaling pathways involving NF-kappaB and three MAPKs all appeared to contribute to SAA-induced cytokine release. These observations indicate that CD36 is a receptor mediating SAA binding and SAA-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion predominantly through JNK- and ERK1/2-mediated signaling.
The tissue plasminogen activator finger domain confers fibrin-dependent enhancement of catalytic activity to single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator. (1993)

To determine whether the fibrin-binding domains of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) can confer enhanced catalytic activity to single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (scuPA), we constructed, expressed, and characterized the kinetics of five recombinant tPA/scuPA hybrid molecules. The hybrid molecules are: 1) tPA3-50 (tPA finger)/scuPA138-411, 2) tPA177-256 (tPA kringle2)/scuPA140-411 (scuPA catalytic), 3) tPA3-50/tPA177-256/scuPA140-411, 4) scuPA1-47 (scuPA growth factor)/tPA177-256/scuPA140-411, and 5) scuPA1-138 (scuPA growth factor and kringle)tPA127-256/scuPA139-411. The amidolytic activity of all hybrids was comparable, as were the kinetics for conversion from single-chain to two-chain plasminogen activator. We found that 1) the lag time prior to achieving maximal velocity among these hybrids varied, 2) hybrids 2, 3, 4, and 5 were 2-134-fold more potent (by kcat/Km) than hybrid 1, and 3) those hybrid proteins containing the tPA finger domain (hybrids 1 and 3) gave a 2-fold increase in catalytic efficiency in the presence of DESAFIB (reptilase-digested fibrinogen). These kinetic differences are likely mediated by changes in the tertiary structure of the scuPA catalytic domain resulting from interactions between catalytic and noncatalytic domains in the presence of fibrin.
Carbostyril derivatives having potent .beta.-adrenergic agonist properties (1987)

Derivatives carrying a substituent in the para position of the phenyl group of 8-hydroxy-5-[2-[(1-phenyl-2-methylprop-2-yl)amino]-1-hydroxyethyl] carbostyril (10) were prepared and their effects on beta-adrenoceptors evaluated in vitro. Unsubstituted compound 10, iodo 11, amino 12, and bromoacetamido 13 derivatives (all racemic) bound to the receptor with 15-100-fold lower dissociation constants than that of (-)-isoproterenol. All the above compounds stimulated adenylate cyclase more potently than (-)-isoproterenol. The intrinsic activities of compounds 10 and 12 were equal to that of (-)-isoproterenol. The intrinsic activities of compounds 11 and 13 were 1.3 and 1.2 times that of (-)-isoproterenol, respectively. Treatment of membrane preparations with bromoacetamido derivative 13 resulted in an irreversible loss of binding sites, and thus, 13 seems to be an alkylating affinity label for beta-adrenoceptors.
4,4′-Diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid inhibits CD3-T cell antigen receptor-stimulated Ca2+ influx in human T lymphocytes. (1988)

Stimulation of the CD3-T cell antigen receptor complex on T lymphocytes results in a rapid rise in intracellular calcium from both intra- and extracellular sources. The former is thought to be released from the endoplasmic reticulum in response to inositol trisphosphate, while the latter enters the cells through a membrane potential-sensitive transporter (Oettgen, H. C., Terhorst, C., Cantley, L. C., and Rosoff, P. M. (1985) Cell 40, 583-590). In this report we show that the stilbene disulfonate, DIDS (4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid), inhibited the ability of monoclonal anti-CD3 complex antibodies to stimulate an influx of calcium in the human T lymphocyte cell line, Jurkat. DIDS had no effect on either antibody binding to the receptor or receptor-stimulated phosphatidylinositol turnover. The Ki was approximately 25 microM in the presence of extracellular Cl- and 10 microM when labeling was performed in the absence of Cl-, suggesting that DIDS was competing with Cl- for binding to the cell membrane. The reduced form of DIDS, dihydroDIDS, was only 50% as effective as DIDS itself, and the monoisothiocyanate stilbene, 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyantostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid, was totally ineffective, even to concentrations of 0.750 mM. Removal of extracellular Cl- also inhibited the antibody-stimulated influx of calcium. These data suggest that the function of the CD3-T cell receptor-activated calcium channel/transporter may be dependent on or regulated by extracellular Cl-.
Complete nucleotide sequence of the attenuated poliovirus Sabin 1 strain genome. (1982)

The complete nucleotide sequence of the genome of the type 1 poliovirus vaccine strain (LSc,2ab) was determined by using molecular cloning and rapid sequence analysis techniques. The restriction fragments of double-stranded cDNA synthesized from the vaccine strain RNA were inserted into the adequate sites of cloning vector pBR322. Sequence analysis of the cloned DNAs revealed that the virion RNA molecule was 7,441 nucleotides long and polyadenylylated at the 3' terminus. When the nucleotide sequence was compared with that of the genome of the virulent parental strain (Mahoney), 57 base substitutions were observed to be scattered all over the genome. Of these, 21 resulted in amino acid changes in a number of viral proteins. A cluster of amino acid changes is located in the viral coat proteins, especially in the NH2-terminal half of the viral capsid protein VP1. These results may imply that the mutations in the VP1 coding region contribute to attenuation.
Monitoring of venous oxygen saturation using a novel vibratory oximetry sensor (2002)

Presents the framework and initial findings for a novel methodology capable of noninvasively monitoring tissue oxygen consumption in peripheral extremities. The presented method and sensor system utilize a carefully controlled perturbation algorithm that both induces venous volumetric pulsations and provides a method for optically differentiating and localizing venous and arterial blood flow. Initial experimental results are provided demonstrating the potential utility of the method.
A taxonomy of window manager user interfaces (1988)

A taxonomy for the user-visible parts of window managers is presented. It is noted that there are actually very few significant differences, and the differences can be classified in a taxonomy with fairly limited branching. This taxonomy should be useful in evaluating various window managers, and it will also serve as a guide for the issues that need to be addressed by designers if future window-manager user interfaces. The advantages and disadvantages of the various options are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Studies on the syntheses of N-hterocyclic compounds. XXIV. Oxidation of dihydrotetraazanaphthalene derivatives. (1975)

Oxidation of a variety of substituted dihydrotetraazanaphthalene derivatives (I-IV) with 2, 3-dichloro-5, 6-dicyanoquinone afforded corresponding dehydrogenated aromatic deriva tives (V, VII, IX, and X). However, oxidation with potassium ferricyanide, bromine or nitrobenzene gave rise to oxidative elimination of the substituent in addition to normal dehydrogenation, depending upon the variety of the substituent. The substi-tuents readily removed by this novel C-C bond cleavage were benzyl, allyl, tert-butyl, cyclohexyl and α-hydroxyalkyl groups.
북한의 제3차 당대표자회와 김정은 후계체제 공고화 전략 (2010)

North Korea officially started a hereditary power succession on Sept. 28 when its leader Kim Jong-il named his youngest son a military general and its ruling party gave him key political posts during the 3rd WPK`s Representatives Convention, the biggest party convention in decades. North Korea appointed its leader`s youngest son, Kim Jong-un, as vice chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Workers` Party of Korea. As a vice chairman of the Central Military Commission, Kim Jong-un will strengthen his grip on the military that operates 1.2 million troops and forms the basis of the Kim dynasty`s power. Kim Jong-il has apparently accelerated his hereditary succession plan since he suffered a stroke in 2008. Pyongyang fired dozens of artillery shells onto a South Korean island near the borde, upping regional tensions just days after it claimed to have restarted uranium enrichment activities for suspicious purposes. The escalating provocations by North Korea indicate the reclusive state`s growing frustration toward the conservative South Korean government as well as the need to hold one-on-one talks with Washington for aid and internal stability. As North Korea`s largest final donor and diplomatic supporter, China is considered to have the strongest influence over the impoverished nation, which is apparently going through an unstable power transition. Hoping to win economic aid and secure political stability before he hands over the regime to his youngest, inexperienced son Jong-un, incumbent dictator Kim Jong-il has been expressing the will to restart stalled multinational denuclearization talks. Kim Jong-un is likely to maintain the so-called two-track method even after succession.
High glucose concentrations per se do not adversely affect human sperm function in vitro (2015)

Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents one of the greatest concerns to global health and it is associated with diverse clinical complications, including reproductive dysfunction. Given the multifactorial nature of DM, the mechanisms that underlie reproductive dysfunction remain unclear. Considering that hyperglycemia has been described as a major effector of the disease pathophysiology, we used an in vitro approach to address the isolated effect of high glucose conditions on human sperm function, thus avoiding other in vivo confounding players. We performed a complete and integrated analysis by measuring a variety of important indicators of spermatozoa functionality (such as motility, viability, capacitation status, acrosomal integrity, mitochondrial superoxide production and membrane potential) in human sperm samples after incubation with d- and l-glucose (5, 25, or 50 mM) for 24 and 48 h. No direct effects promoted by 25 or 50 mM d-glucose were found for any of the parameters assessed (P>0.05), except for the acrosome reaction, which was potentiated after 48 h of exposure to 50 mM d-glucose (P<0.05). Interestingly, non-metabolizable l-glucose drastically increased superoxide production (P<0.05) and suppressed sperm motility (P<0.05) and capacitation (P<0.05) after 24 h of treatment, whereas mitochondrial membrane potential (P<0.05), acrosomal integrity (P<0.01) and viability (P<0.05) were later decreased. The overall results suggest that high glucose levels per se do not influence human sperm function in vitro, which stresses the importance of other factors involved in DM pathology. Nevertheless, the absence of metabolizable glucose contributes to a severe impairment of sperm function and thus compromises male fertility.
Infiltration ofHelicobacter pyloriin the Gastric Mucosa (2003)

It is our hypothesis that if Helicobacter pylori could be demonstrated conclusively to have transgressed the mucosal surface into the lamina propria, this would help explain how H pylori recruits inflammatory cells. We report our immunohistochemical and electron microscopic findings that demonstrate that H pylori can be detected in the lamina propria of the stomach, offering evidence of its invasive potential. We stained 67 endoscopic gastric biopsy specimens with Warthin-Starry silver and immunoperoxidase stains for H pylori. In addition, transmission electron microscopy was performed on 1 case. The presence of surface H pylori was associated significantly with active (P < .0001) and chronic (P < .0001) inflammation. H pylori could not be identified in the lamina propria using the Warthin-Starry silver stain alone. Immunoreactivity for H pylori in the lamina propria was detected in 20 (30%) of 67 gastric biopsy specimens. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the immunohistochemical findings. H pylori can infiltrate the lamina propria of the gastric mucosa, thereby providing morphologic evidence of its invasive capability.