gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transition metal catalyzed polymerizations : Ziegler-Natta and metathesis polymerizations (1988)

This volume contains the proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Transition Metal Catalyzed Polymerizations held in 1986. The papers provide a broad-based perspective covering recent scientific and technological advances in Ziegler-Natta and metathesis polymerization, including olefin, diene, and acetylene polymerization, and copolymerization. The emphasis on reaction kinetics of polymerizations in different reagent and catalyst environments makes this volume of interest to both academic and industrial researchers.
Diversity of the CD8+T-Cell Response to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Proteins among Persons with Genital Herpes (2006)

Cytolytic T cells play a major role in controlling herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infections in humans. In an effort to more thoroughly evaluate the response to HSV-2 directly, ex vivo, we developed an enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay that utilized pools of overlapping synthetic peptides presented by autologous dendritic cells to purified CD8(+) T cells. Donor response rates to individual open reading frames (ORFs) ranged from fewer than 5% responding to as many as 70% responding, with the greatest frequency of responses (by ORF) being directed against UL39, UL25, UL27, ICP0, UL46, and UL47 in descending order of frequency. HSV-2-seropositive subjects responded to as few as 3 or as many as 46 of the 48 ORFs tested, with a median of 11 ORFs recognized. HLA-B*07 expression correlated with stronger responses overall that were directed primarily against UL49 and UL46. Cumulative precursor frequencies in the blood ranged from 500 to almost 6,000 HSV-2 spot-forming units/10(6) CD8(+) T cells. The magnitude and breadth of the response in the infected population were greater than previously appreciated. Whether this variability in the CD8(+) T-cell response within individuals is associated with the frequency of viral reactivation warrants further study.
Comparison of Color of Resin Composites of White and Translucent Shades with Two Shade Guides (2001)

There was no logical order in the color distribution of the two shade guides. The color of white and translucent shades of resin composites was located on the low CIE a* and CIE b* value area. The CIE L*, a*, b* values of resin composite with the same color designations were different, depending on the brand of material. The color difference (deltaE*) of shade guides by the measuring mode (SCE vs. SCI) was between 3.2 and 6.5.
Mutations of the β‐Catenin Gene in Endometrial Carcinomas (1999)

To investigate the contribution of beta-catenin to the development of endometrial carcinoma, we searched for genetic alterations of the beta-catenin gene in primary endometrial carcinomas. Mutational analysis of exon 3 of the beta-catenin gene, encoding the serine/threonine residues for GSK-3 beta phosphorylation, was performed for 35 tumors. Nucleotide sequencing analysis revealed that 5 tumors (5/35, 14%) contained mutations (S33C, S37C, S37F, T41A) that altered potential GSK-3 beta phosphorylation sites. Each of the mutations resulted in the substitution of serine/threonine residues that have been implicated in the down-regulation of beta-catenin through phosphorylation by GSK-3 beta kinase. Furthermore, the incidence of beta-catenin mutations was significantly higher in early-onset (3 of 5) than that in late-onset tumors (2 of 30) (P = 0.014, Fisher's exact test). Replication error (RER)-positive phenotype was not detected in tumors with the beta-catenin gene mutation, although 10 of 35 tumors revealed RER. We performed immunohistochemistry of beta-catenin in 17 cases for which tissue samples were available. We confirmed accumulation of beta-catenin protein in both the nucleus and cytoplasm in 3 tumors, including two in which amino acid alterations had occurred at codon 33 and 37. The other case had no mutation in exon 3. Our results suggested that mutations at serine/threonine residues involved in phosphorylation by GSK-3 beta affected the stability of beta-catenin. Accumulation of mutant beta-catenin could contribute to the development of a subset of endometrial carcinomas, particularly those of the early-onset type.
RPS2, an Arabidopsis disease resistance locus specifying recognition of Pseudomonas syringae strains expressing the avirulence gene avrRpt2. (1993)

A molecular genetic approach was used to identify and characterize plant genes that control bacterial disease resistance in Arabidopsis. A screen for mutants with altered resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) expressing the avirulence gene avrRpt2 resulted in the isolation of four susceptible rps (resistance to P. syringae) mutants. The rps mutants lost resistance specifically to bacterial strains expressing avrRpt2 as they retained resistance to Pst strains expressing the avirulence genes avrB or avrRpm1. Genetic analysis indicated that in each of the four rps mutants, susceptibility was due to a single mutation mapping to the same locus on chromosome 4. Identification of a resistance locus with specificity for a single bacterial avirulence gene suggests that this locus, designated RPS2, controls specific recognition of bacteria expressing the avirulence gene avrRpt2. Ecotype Wü-0, a naturally occurring line that is susceptible to Pst strains expressing avrRpt2, appears to lack a functional allele at RPS2, demonstrating that there is natural variation at the RPS2 locus among wild populations of Arabidopsis.
Green‐fluorescent protein mutants with altered fluorescence excitation spectra (1995)

Using random mutagenesis and visual selection of fluorescent clones, we have isolated a T203I and a E222G mutant of the Aequorea green-fluorescent protein. Each mutant has one of the two fluorescence excitation bands of the wild type deleted and retains the other without a wavelength shift. This finding is consistent with each excitation band corresponding to a distinct spectroscopic state of the chromophore. Both mutations are single amino acid exchanges which in the linear sequence are located remotely from the chromophore but in the folded protein may be situated in its vicinity. We conclude that the mutations influence the fluorescence properties by changing the interactions between the chromophore and its protein environment.
Animal Models for Influenza Virus Pathogenesis and Transmission (2010)

Influenza virus infection of humans results in a respiratory disease that ranges in severity from sub-clinical infection to primary viral pneumonia that can result in death. The clinical effects of infection vary with the exposure history, age and immune status of the host, and also the virulence of the influenza strain. In humans, the virus is transmitted through either aerosol or contact-based transfer of infectious respiratory secretions. As is evidenced by most zoonotic influenza virus infections, not all strains that can infect humans are able to transmit from person-to-person. Animal models of influenza are essential to research efforts aimed at understanding the viral and host factors that contribute to the disease and transmission outcomes of influenza virus infection in humans. These models furthermore allow the pre-clinical testing of antiviral drugs and vaccines aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality in the population through amelioration of the virulence or transmissibility of influenza viruses. Mice, ferrets, guinea pigs, cotton rats, hamsters and macaques have all been used to study influenza viruses and therapeutics targeting them. Each model presents unique advantages and disadvantages, which will be discussed herein.
Alkylations of the Side-chain Nucleophiles of Cysteine, Methionine, Histidine, and Lysine Derivatives with Allyl Bromide, 1-Bromo-2-butyne, and 2-Bromoacetophenone (1971)

Comparative studies on the reactions of cysteine, methionine, histidine, and lysine derivatives with allyl bromide, 1-bromo-2-butyne, and 2-bromoacetophenone have been carried out in connection with an evaluation of the potential of reagents incorporating ethylenic and acetylenic functions for protein modification.
Prostate carcinoma: tissue culture cell lines. (1978)

The successful isolation of a malignant human, prostatic epithelial cell line, PC-3, is reported. A partial characterization and ultrastructural analysis is included.
Preclinical Evaluation of a Novel Group B Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine that Elicits Bactericidal Activity in both Mice and Nonhuman Primates (1997)

Group B meningococcal (GBM) conjugate vaccines were prepared using chemically modified N-propionylated polysialic acid, from Escherichia coli K1 polysaccharide capsule, coupled by reductive amination to tetanus toxoid and purified recombinant GBM porin (rPorB). All conjugates elicited high antibody levels in mice with good booster responses. However, only rPorB conjugates elicited bactericidal activity specific against a broad spectrum of five different GBM serotypes. Bactericial activity was completely inhibited by free N-propionylated polysaccharide. In baboons and rhesus monkeys, rPorB conjugates elicited high antibody titers, with IgG booster responses 9- to 15-fold higher than primary responses. Bactericial activity increased 19- to 39-fold over preimmune values, using rabbit complement; increased bactericial activity was also confirmed with human and monkey complement. IgG cross-reactivity for unmodified N-acetyl polysaccharide was <5% for 79% of mice and <10% for 80% of primates. These studies strongly suggest that the N-propionylated polysialic acid-rPorB conjugate is an excellent vaccine candidate for human use.
The effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on plasma lipoproteins and tissue fatty acid composition in humans (1997)

Normal, healthy male volunteers (n = 6) were fed diets [high docosahexaenoic acid-DHA] containing 6 g/d of DHA for 90 d. The stabilization (low-DHA) diet contained less than 50 mg/d of DHA. A control group (n = 4) remained on the low-DHA diet for the duration of the study (120 d). Blood samples were drawn on study days 30 (end of the stabilization period), 75 (midpoint of the intervention period), and 120 (end of the intervention period). Adipose tissue (AT) samples were taken on days 30 and 120. The plasma cholesterol (C), low density lipoprotein (LDL)-C and apolipoproteins (apo) [Al, B, and lipoprotein (a)] were unchanged after 90 d, but the triglycerides (TAG) were reduced from a mean value of 76.67 +/- 24.32 to 63.83 +/- 16.99 mg/dL (n = 6, P < 0.007 using a paired t-test) and the high density lipoprotein (HDL)-C increased from 34.83 +/- 4.38 mg/dL to 37.83 +/- 3.32 mg/dL (n = 6, P < 0.017 using a paired t-test). The control group showed no significant reduction in plasma TAG levels. Apo-E, however, showed a marked increase in the volunteers' plasma after 90 d on the high-DHA diet, from 7.06 +/- 4.47 mg/dL on study day 30 to 12.01 +/- 4.96 mg/dL on study day 120 (P < 0.002 using a paired t-test). The control subjects showed no significant change in the apo-E in their plasma (8.46 +/- 2.90 on day 30 vs. 8.59 +/- 2.97 on day 120). The weight percentage of plasma DHA rose from 1.83 +/- 0.22 to 8.12 +/- 0.76 after 90 d on the high-DHA diet. Although these volunteers were eating a diet free of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), plasma EPA levels rose from 0.38 +/- 0.05 to 3.39 +/- 0.52 (wt%) after consuming the high-DHA diet. The fatty acid composition of plasma lipid fractions--cholesterol esters, TAG, and phospholipid--showed marked similarity in the enrichment of DHA, about 10%, after the subjects consumed the high-DHA diet. The DHA content of these plasma lipid fractions varied from less than 1% (TAG) to 3.5% (phospholipids) at baseline, study day 30. EPA also increased in all plasma lipid fractions after the subjects consumed the high-DHA diet. There were no changes in the plasma DHA or EPA levels in the control group. Consumption of DHA also caused an increase in AT levels of DHA, from 0.10 +/- 0.02 to 0.31 +/- 0.07 (wt%) (n = 6, P < 0.001 using a paired t-test), but the amount of EPA in their AT did not change. Thus, dietary DHA will lower plasma TAG without EPA, and DHA is retroconverted to EPA in significant amounts. Dietary DHA appears to enhance apo-E synthesis in the liver. It appears that DHA can be a safe and perhaps beneficial supplement to human diets.
Amantadine and a fixed combination of levodopa and carbidopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. (1977)

Forty-two patients with Parkinson's disease were given amantadine HC1 (Symmetrel) and placebo in an 18 week double-blind cross-over study to determine if amantadine provided additional benefit when combined with levodopa and carbidopa (Sinemet). Analysis of our results showed that amantadine effected a 92% improvement over baseline in symptom scores and a 95% improvement over baseline in activity impairment scores, compared with corresponding values of 4% and 18% for placebo. The difference between amantadine and placebo was statistically significant. Except for one case of mild livedo reticularis and two of blurred vision in the amantadine group, side effects were generally similar for amantadine and placebo in type and frequency. This study provides new evidence of the importance of combinations of antiparkinson drugs to achieve maximum therapeutic benefit.
Iron-Catalyzed Aminohydroxylation of Olefins (2010)

We have discovered that N-sulfonyl oxaziridines react with a broad range of olefins in the presence of iron salts to afford 1,3-oxazolidines. This process provides access to 1,2-aminoalcohols with the opposite sense of regioselectivity produced from the copper-catalyzed oxyamination previously reported by our laboratories. Thus, either regioisomeric form of 1,2-aminoalcohols can easily be obtained from the reaction of oxaziridines with olefins, and the sense of regioselectivity can be controlled by the appropriate choice of inexpensive, nontoxic, first-row transition-metal catalyst.
Human tumor suppressor ARF impedes S-phase progression independent of p53. (2002)

Using alternative reading frames, the human ARF-INK4a locus encodes two unrelated proteins that both function in tumor suppression. p16(INK4a) maintains the retinoblastoma protein in its growth-suppressive state through inhibition of cyclin D-dependent kinase activity, whereas ARF binds with MDM2 and stabilizes p53. The majority of the activity of ARF to date is ascribed to its ability to activate p53, resulting in a G(1) cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. We show here that ARF colocalizes with DNA replication protein A (RPA32) and that overexpression of ARF reduces the rate of DNA synthesis resulting in accumulation of an S-phase cell population. Impediment of DNA synthesis by ARF can occur and becomes more evident in the absence of p53. Hence, the biological consequence of ARF induction varies dependent on cellular p53 status, inducing predominantly a G(1) arrest or apoptosis in p53-positive cells or causing S-phase retardation when p53 function is comprised.
Teclistamab is an active T cell–redirecting bispecific antibody against B-cell maturation antigen for multiple myeloma (2020)

B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), a member of the tumor necrosis factor family of receptors, is predominantly expressed on the surface of terminally differentiated B cells. BCMA is highly expressed on plasmablasts and plasma cells from multiple myeloma (MM) patient samples. We developed a BCMAxCD3 bispecific antibody (teclistamab [JNJ-64007957]) to recruit and activate T cells to kill BCMA-expressing MM cells. Teclistamab induced cytotoxicity of BCMA+ MM cell lines in vitro (H929 cells, 50% effective concentration [EC50] = 0.15 nM; MM.1R cells, EC50 = 0.06 nM; RPMI 8226 cells, EC50 = 0.45 nM) with concomitant T-cell activation (H929 cells, EC50 = 0.21 nM; MM.1R cells, EC50 = 0.1 nM; RPMI 8226 cells, EC50 = 0.28 nM) and cytokine release. This activity was further increased in the presence of a γ-secretase inhibitor (LY-411575). Teclistamab also depleted BCMA+ cells in bone marrow samples from MM patients in an ex vivo assay with an average EC50 value of 1.7 nM. Under more physiological conditions using healthy human whole blood, teclistamab mediated dose-dependent lysis of H929 cells and activation of T cells. Antitumor activity of teclistamab was also observed in 2 BCMA+ MM murine xenograft models inoculated with human T cells (tumor inhibition with H929 model and tumor regression with the RPMI 8226 model) compared with vehicle and antibody controls. The specific and potent activity of teclistamab against BCMA-expressing cells from MM cell lines, patient samples, and MM xenograft models warrant further evaluation of this bispecific antibody for the treatment of MM. Phase 1 clinical trials (monotherapy, #NCT03145181; combination therapy, #NCT04108195) are ongoing for patients with relapsed/refractory MM.
Efficient generation of functional transgenes by homologous recombination in murine zygotes (1992)

To assess the feasibility of generating functional transgenes directly via homologous recombination between microinjected DNA fragments, three overlapping genomic DNA fragments, together constituting the human serum albumin (hSA) gene, were coinjected into murine zygotes. The resulting transgenic mice were analyzed for structure and expression of the transgene. All transgenic mice carried recombined hSA DNA fragments and 74% contained a reconstituted hSA gene. HSA expression could be detected in liver and serum in most (72%) of these animals. Only correctly sized hSA transcripts were observed. Transgenic hSA could not be distinguished from the human serum-derived protein by radioimmunoassay or Western blotting. The high frequency and accuracy of homologous recombination in murine zygotes reported here allows the efficient generation of relatively large transgenes.
Designing bioinspired composite reinforcement architectures via 3D magnetic printing (2015)

Discontinuous fibre composites represent a class of materials that are strong, lightweight and have remarkable fracture toughness. These advantages partially explain the abundance and variety of discontinuous fibre composites that have evolved in the natural world. Many natural structures out-perform the conventional synthetic counterparts due, in part, to the more elaborate reinforcement architectures that occur in natural composites. Here we present an additive manufacturing approach that combines real-time colloidal assembly with existing additive manufacturing technologies to create highly programmable discontinuous fibre composites. This technology, termed as '3D magnetic printing', has enabled us to recreate complex bioinspired reinforcement architectures that deliver enhanced material performance compared with monolithic structures. Further, we demonstrate that we can now design and evolve elaborate reinforcement architectures that are not found in nature, demonstrating a high level of possible customization in discontinuous fibre composites with arbitrary geometries.
Regulation of Connexin Degradation as a Mechanism to Increase Gap Junction Assembly and Function (2000)

Connexins, the integral membrane protein constituents of gap junctions, are degraded at a rate (t(12) = 1.5-5 h) much faster than most other cell surface proteins. Although the turnover of connexins has been shown to be sensitive to inhibitors of either the lysosome or of the proteasome, how connexins are targeted for degradation and whether this process can be regulated to affect intercellular communication is unknown. We show here that reducing connexin degradation with inhibitors of the proteasome (but not with lysosomal blockers) is associated with a striking increase in gap junction assembly and intercellular dye transfer in cells inefficient in both processes under basal conditions. The effect of proteasome inhibitors on wild-type connexin stability, assembly, and function was mimicked by treatment of assembly-inefficient cells with inhibitors of protein synthesis such as cycloheximide. Sensitivity of connexin degradation to cycloheximide, but not to proteasome inhibitors, was abolished when connexins were rendered structurally abnormal by perturbation of essential disulfide bonds or by mutation. Our findings provide the first evidence that intercellular communication can be up-regulated at the level of connexin turnover and that a short-lived protein may be required for conformationally mature connexins to become substrates of proteasomal degradation.
Selectivity Estimation Without the Attribute Value Independence Assumption (1997)

The result size of a query that involves multiple attributes from the same relation depends on these attributes’joinr data distribution, i.e., the frequencies of all combinations of attribute values. To simplify the estimation of that size, most commercial systems make the artribute value independenceassumption and maintain statistics (typically histograms) on individual attributes only. In reality, this assumption is almost always wrong and the resulting estimations tend to be highly inaccurate. In this paper, we propose two main alternatives to effectively approximate (multi-dimensional) joint data distributions. (a) Using a multi-dimensional histogram, (b) Using the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) technique from linear algebra. An extensive set of experiments demonstrates the advantages and disadvantages of the two approaches and the benefits of both compared to the independence assumption. 1
Evaluation of the Cepheid Xpert GBS Assay for Rapid Detection of Group B Streptococci in Amniotic Fluids from Pregnant Women with Premature Rupture of Membranes (2013)

The Xpert GBS real-time PCR assay for the detection of group B streptococci (GBS) in antepartum screening samples was evaluated on amniotic fluid samples collected from 139 women with premature rupture of membrane at term. When any intrapartum positive result from the Xpert GBS or culture was considered a true positive, the sensitivities of the Xpert GBS and culture were 92.3% and 84.6%, respectively. This assay could enhance exact identification of candidates for intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis.
RETRACTED: Crystal structure of human apolipoprotein A-I: Insights into its protective effect against cardiovascular diseases (2006)

Despite three decades of extensive studies on human apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the major protein component in high-density lipoproteins, the molecular basis for its antiatherogenic function is elusive, in part because of lack of a structure of the full-length protein. We describe here the crystal structure of lipid-free apoA-I at 2.4 A. The structure shows that apoA-I is comprised of an N-terminal four-helix bundle and two C-terminal helices. The N-terminal domain plays a prominent role in maintaining its lipid-free conformation, indicating that mutants with truncations in this region form inadequate models for explaining functional properties of apoA-I. A model for transformation of the lipid-free conformation to the high-density lipoprotein-bound form follows from an analysis of solvent-accessible hydrophobic patches on the surface of the structure and their proximity to the hydrophobic core of the four-helix bundle. The crystal structure of human apoA-I displays a hitherto-unobserved array of positively and negatively charged areas on the surface. Positioning of the charged surface patches relative to hydrophobic regions near the C terminus of the protein offers insights into its interaction with cell-surface components of the reverse cholesterol transport pathway and antiatherogenic properties of this protein. This structure provides a much-needed structural template for exploration of molecular mechanisms by which human apoA-I ameliorates atherosclerosis and inflammatory diseases.