gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A β-Lactam Antibiotic Dampens Excitotoxic Inflammatory CNS Damage in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis (2008)

In multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), impairment of glial "Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters" (EAATs) together with an excess glutamate-release by invading immune cells causes excitotoxic damage of the central nervous system (CNS). In order to identify pathways to dampen excitotoxic inflammatory CNS damage, we assessed the effects of a beta-lactam antibiotic, ceftriaxone, reported to enhance expression of glial EAAT2, in "Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein" (MOG)-induced EAE. Ceftriaxone profoundly ameliorated the clinical course of murine MOG-induced EAE both under preventive and therapeutic regimens. However, ceftriaxone had impact neither on EAAT2 protein expression levels in several brain areas, nor on the radioactive glutamate uptake capacity in a mixed primary glial cell-culture and the glutamate-induced uptake currents in a mammalian cell line mediated by EAAT2. Moreover, the clinical effect of ceftriaxone was preserved in the presence of the EAAT2-specific transport inhibitor, dihydrokainate, while dihydrokainate alone caused an aggravated EAE course. This demonstrates the need for sufficient glial glutamate uptake upon an excitotoxic autoimmune inflammatory challenge of the CNS and a molecular target of ceftriaxone other than the glutamate transporter. Ceftriaxone treatment indirectly hampered T cell proliferation and proinflammatory INFgamma and IL17 secretion through modulation of myelin-antigen presentation by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) e.g. dendritic cells (DCs) and reduced T cell migration into the CNS in vivo. Taken together, we demonstrate, that a beta-lactam antibiotic attenuates disease course and severity in a model of autoimmune CNS inflammation. The mechanisms are reduction of T cell activation by modulation of cellular antigen-presentation and impairment of antigen-specific T cell migration into the CNS rather than or modulation of central glutamate homeostasis.
Thrombopoietin Activity in Mice Following Immune-Induced Thrombocytopenia (1975)

Thrombopoietin levels in thrombocytopenic mice assayed by 75Se-se-lenomethionine incorporation into blood platelets reached a maximum 12 h after the induction of an acute, immune thrombocytopenia; that was more than twice the value in control mice. The implications of this finding are discussed with reference to the kinetics of megakaryocyte production.
一部研究俄罗斯民族文化的新文本——评《俄罗斯民间魔幻童话研究》 (1998)

一部研究俄罗斯民族文化的新文本——评《俄罗斯民间魔幻童话研究》（俄）Ｐ·波留什金娜⒇民俗学是人文科学中最为复杂的领域之一。它需要运用历史学、民族学、语言学、文艺学、哲学、社会学的资料进行综合的立体的研究，因为民俗学研究的对象本身是十分复杂的。口头文...
A Streamlined Mutation Detection System: Multicolor Post-PCR Fluorescence Labeling and Single-Strand Conformational Polymorphism Analysis by Capillary Electrophoresis (1997)

Effective use of knowledge of human genome sequences in studies of hereditary diseases or cancer heavily depends on efficient methods for detection of mutations in individual samples. We describe here a simple and efficient mutation scanning system in which PCR products are post-labeled with two different fluorescent dyes in one tube, and analyzed by an automated capillary electrophoresis system using single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) conditions (PLACE-SSCP). With the appropriate use of an internal control DNA, differences in electrophoretic mobilities between a reference and samples are precisely evaluated, then the presence of mutations is statistically judged. Thirty-three of 34 known mutations in fragments of three unrelated sequence contexts up to 741 bp were detected using one electrophoresis condition at the confidence level of <0.3% false positive. All the mutations were detected by analyzing at two temperatures. The described system has the advantage of little human intervention, short analysis time, high sensitivity, and objectivity of data interpretation.
A Phase I Study of Intravenous LBH589, a Novel Cinnamic Hydroxamic Acid Analogue Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, in Patients with Refractory Hematologic Malignancies (2006)

Intravenous administration of LBH589 was well tolerated at doses <11.5 mg/m(2) with consistent transient antileukemic and biological effects.
Escherichia coli L-Serine Deaminase Requires a [4Fe-4S] Cluster in Catalysis (2004)

L-Serine deaminases catalyze the deamination of L-serine, producing pyruvate and ammonia. Two families of these proteins have been described and are delineated by the cofactor that each employs in catalysis. These are the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent deaminases and the deaminases that are activated in vitro by iron and dithiothreitol. In contrast to the enzymes that employ pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, detailed physical and mechanistic characterization of the iron-dependent deaminases is limited, primarily because of their extreme instability. We report here the characterization of L-serine deaminase from Escherichia coli, which is the product of the sdaA gene. When purified anaerobically, the isolated protein contains 1.86 +/- 0.46 eq of iron and 0.670 +/- 0.019 eq of sulfide per polypeptide and displays a UV-visible spectrum that is consistent with a [4Fe-4S] cluster. Reconstitution of the protein with iron and sulfide generates considerably more of the cluster, and treatment of the reconstituted protein with dithionite gives rise to an axial EPR spectrum, displaying g axially = 2.03 and g radially = 1.93. Mössbauer spectra of the (57)Fe-reconstituted protein reveal that the majority of the iron is in the form of [4Fe-4S](2+) clusters, as evidenced by the typical Mössbauer parameters-isomer shift, delta = 0.47 mm/s, quadrupole splitting of Delta E(Q) = 1.14 mm/s, and a diamagnetic (S = 0) ground state. Treatment of the dithionite-reduced protein with L-serine results in a slight broadening of the feature at g = 2.03 in the EPR spectrum of the protein, and a dramatic loss in signal intensity, suggesting that the amino acid interacts directly with the cluster.
Impact of interferons on the expression of melanoma-associated antigens in melanoma short-term cell cultures (2001)

Some immunotherapeutic approaches based on melanoma-associated antigens rely on in vitro cultivation of melanoma cells. A beneficial effect of interferons has been shown in melanoma. This study aimed to determine whether stimulation of patient-derived melanoma short-term cell cultures using interferon-alpha and -gamma changes the expression pattern of melanoma-associated antigens. Lymph node, skin and brain metastases were cultivated for up to 3 weeks and treated with interferon-alpha, interferon-gamma or mock stimulation. Expression of the melanoma-associated antigens MAGE-3, MelanA/MART-1 and tyrosinase was determined by flow cytometry and compared with the expression pattern of HLA class I molecules. We found consistently enhanced expression of HLA class I molecules, whereas the melanoma-associated antigens showed mixed responses, with moderate induction, suppression or no visible effect. The reaction to interferon stimulation was similar for all the antigens examined within a single melanoma cell culture. In contrast to the HLA class I molecules, which showed induced expression with interferon, the melanoma-associated antigens showed a varied response to interferon stimulation. Differential reaction to interferon stimulation is of importance to immunotherapeutic modalities and might influence progression of the disease. We therefore suggest that evaluation of variation in melanoma-associated antigen expression in the clinical setting may help to identify patients who would profit from adjuvant interferon therapy.
A murine tumor producing a matrix of basement membrane. (1977)

We have studied a murine tumor previously classified as a poorly differentiated chondrosarcoma. Although the cells in this tumor are surrounded by large quantities of extracellular matrix material, the matrix fails to react with stains specific for the sulfated glycosaminoglycans present in normal cartilage. Here we show at the ultrastructural level that the tumor matrix is a homogeneous, nonfibrillar material, resembling basement membrane. Neither the proteoglycan matrix granules nor collagen fibrils characteristic of cartilage are present in the tumor matrix. Amino acid analyses of whole tumor tissue, enzyme-solubilized tumor components, and the protein extracted from lathyritic tumors confirmed that the tumor matrix is a basement membrane collagen. The collagenous protein extracted from the tumor by nonenzymatic means contains three unique polypeptides larger than the alpha-chain components of the other types of collagen. These studies indicate that the tumor is not a type of chondrosarcoma but a basement membrane producing tumor.
DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF 5′-MODIFIED NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGS AS PRODRUGS FOR AN E. COLI PURINE NUCLEOSIDE PHOSPHORYLASE MUTANT (2005)

Our studies have led to the identification of an E. coli PNP mutant (M64V) that is able to cleave numerous 5'-modified nucleoside analogs with much greater efficiency than the wild-type enzyme. The biological activity of the three best substrates of this mutant (9-[6-deoxy-alpha-L-talofuranosyl]-6-methylpurine (methyl(talo)-MeP-R), 9-[6-deoxy-alpha-L-talofuranosyl]-2-F-adenine, and 9-[alpha-L-lyxofuranosyl]-2-F-adenine) were evaluated so that we can optimally utilize these compounds. Our results indicated that the mechanism of toxicity of methyl(talo)-MeP-R to mice was due to its cleavage to MeP by a bacterial enzyme, and that the toxicity of the two F-Ade analogs was due to their cleavage to F-Ade by mammalian methylthioadenosine phosphorylase.
Toward Clinical Cancer Imaging Using Terahertz Spectroscopy (2017)

Cancer imaging using terahertz (THz) electromagnetic waves has the potential to overcome the drawbacks of existing cancer imaging techniques because of the unique properties of THz radiation. It is nonionizing, highly sensitive to water molecules, and suitable for the observation of many biomolecular characteristics based on low-energy vibrational modes. Consequently, it is advantageous to use THz cancer imaging for detection, especially of superficial carcinomas in soft tissues. However, there are three primary challenges facing this type of cancer imaging that must be addressed before it can be applied medically: the limited penetration depth in hydrated tissues, the difficulty of obtaining molecular resonance fingerprints of cancers, and the low image contrast between tissues. These challenges can be overcome by applying several state-of-the-art techniques; the penetration depth has been enhanced sufficiently to observe cancer lesions deep inside tissues by using freezing and penetration-enhancing agents: the biochemical modification of DNA can be utilized to track the resonance fingerprints of carcinogenesis at the genomic DNA level; and nanoparticles can increase the THz imaging contrast if they are employed similarly to how they are used in magnetic resonance imaging. These solutions are important to enable THz cancer imaging to be performed in clinical settings.
Reliable ceramics for advanced heat engines (1995)

A silicon nitride processing method has been developed as part of a four-year DOE-funded program in processing for reliability. The program focused on attainment of high strength and reliability through identification and subsequent control of strength-degrading flaw populations. The material produced is designated NCX-5102 and consists of a silicon nitride-4% yttria composition that is densified by glass encapsulation HIPing. The effort concentrated on the near-net-shape fabrication of large aspect ratio, axisymmetric buttonhead tensile bars. This geometry served as a challenging forming requirement, sufficient for development of a general shape-forming capability. It also provided a direct means to assess tensile strength levels attributive to the process. The program was conducted in three stages: baseline process definition, process optimization and large-scale production demonstration.
Chromosomal Rearrangements Leading to MLL Gene Fusions: Clinical and Biological Aspects (2008)

Rearrangements of the MLL gene located at 11q23 are common chromosomal abnormalities associated with acute leukemia, especially infant and therapy-related leukemias. A variety of chimeric oncoproteins resulting from these rearrangements has been described; all of these include the NH(2)-terminal region of MLL implicated in protein-protein interactions and transcriptional repression. Although the molecular basis for the oncogenic activity of MLL chimeric proteins is incompletely understood, it seems to be derived, at least in part, through activation of clustered homeobox (HOX) genes. Here, we survey MLL gene rearrangements that are associated with acute leukemia and discuss molecular pathways leading to these rearrangements.
High “C” rate Li-S cathodes: sulfur imbibed bimodal porous carbons (2011)

A highly ordered mesoporous carbon with a bimodal pore structure which exhibits a high specific area and large pore volume, was synthesized by a triblock-copolymer-templating approach. This optimized framework served as the scaffold for the preparation of carbon/sulfur (C/S) nanocomposites that serve as novel cathodes for Li-S batteries. They exhibit high discharge capacities and good cycling stability at very high current rates of 1675 mA g−1 (1 C), which can be attributed to the unique bimodal porous structure of the carbon. The small mesopores contain the majority of the sulfur mass and aid in suppressing the diffusion of polysulfide species into the electrolyte, whilst the large interconnected cylindrical pores favour rapid transport of solvated Li+ on charge/discharge. Additional doping with hydrophilic nanoporous silica also aids in capacity retention on cycling.
Morphology study of small amounts of evaporated gold on polymers (2012)

For different fields of applications, the knowledge of the exact morphology of ultra thin metal layers deposited on polymers is of interest. In this work, gold metallization of polymers was carried out in high vacuum by evaporation at room temperature. The evaporation flux was measured by a quartz crystal microbalance. By dint of XPS measurements, it is shown that the condensation coefficient of gold onto the different polymers is far below unity. A detailed study of the gold deposit structure was accomplished by SEM and TEM measurements. The evolutions of various morphology parameters of the gold islands are shown as a function of the evaporated gold quantity, confirming a heterogeneous Volmer–Weber growth. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Analgesic effect of vitamin E is mediated by reducing central sensitization in neuropathic pain (2006)

Recent studies suggest that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critically involved in neuropathic pain. Although vitamin E is a well-known antioxidant, its efficacy on chronic pain is not known. This study investigated the efficacy and mechanisms of vitamin E analgesia in a rat model of neuropathic pain produced by spinal nerve ligation. The effects of vitamin E were investigated using behavioral testing, electrophysiological recording of dorsal horn neurons, and determinations of phosphorylated NMDA receptor subunit 1 (pNR1) levels in the spinal dorsal horn. Results showed that a systemic single injection of a high dose or repetitive daily injections of low doses of vitamin E significantly reduced neuropathic pain behaviors. Vitamin E was also effective in producing analgesia by intrathecal injection, suggesting the importance of spinal mechanisms. In spinal dorsal horn neurons, vitamin E reduced evoked responses to mechanical stimuli as well as the sizes of their receptive fields. In addition, levels of pNR1 in neuropathic rats were also reduced by vitamin E injection. These data suggest that vitamin E produces analgesia in neuropathic rats that is, at least in part, mediated by reducing central sensitization which, in turn, is induced by peripheral nerve injury.
Preparation of Poly(l-lactide)-Based Microspheres Having a Cationic or Anionic Surface Using Biodegradable Surfactants (2002)

Poly(L-lactide)-based microspheres having cationic or anionic surfaces were prepared using polydepsipeptide-block-poly(L-lactide)s as surfactants. Polydepsipeptide-block-poly(L-lactide)s having amino or carboxylic acid groups on their side chains were synthesized through anionic ring-opening polymerizations of L-lactide using the corresponding protected polydepsipeptides as macroinitiators and consequent deprotections. Since these amphiphilic copolymers consisting of hydrophobic segments and hydrophilic segments with amino or carboxylic acid groups could be converted to cationic or anionic block copolymers, they could act as surfactants preparing poly(L-lactide)-based microspheres by an oil-in-water emulsion method. The amount of ionic groups located on the surfaces of the obtained microspheres was found to increase with increasing the feed of charged polydepsipeptide-block-poly(L-lactide)s in the blend of poly(L-lactide) and block copolymers. The average diameters of the dried microspheres estimated by scanning electron microscopy were found to decrease with an increase in feed of block copolymers in polymer blends.
Influence of Ag nano-powder additions on the superconducting properties of Mg $B_2$ materials (2003)

Silver nano-powder was added to Ma to make (Ag)(Mg ) (A -Mg ) (10 x 50) composite superconductors to investigate the effect of the Ag nano-powder on the vortex pinning. Pellets made out of the mixed powder were put inside stainless steel tubes, which were sintered at 85 in Ar atmosphere. No impurity phase was identified for as-rolled samples. However, both the Mg and the A -Mg composite pellets, when sintered, contain small amount of Mg and MgAg impurity phases. From the magnetization study, it was found that the flux pinning was improved in the high magnetic field region (> 3 T) only when 10w/o Ag was added to Mg . The two step structures in ZFC M(T) curve gradually increased as the amount of Ag added increased. Pinning centers can be created by adding a suitable amount of Ag nano-powder which is not too large to increase the decoupling between the Mg grains.crease the decoupling between the Mg grains.
Noninvasive clinical model for the diagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in overweight and morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. (2013)

We propose a noninvasive model for NASH diagnosis in MOP that should be validated prospectively. Using this noninvasive score, NASH would be predicted without the risks of liver biopsy.
An LDPC decoding schedule for memory access reduction (2004)

Recent research efforts based on a joint code-decoder design methodology have shown that it is possible to construct structured LDPC (low density parity check) codes without any performance degradation. An interesting new data independence property between the two classes of messages viz. check to bit and bit to check, involved in decoding, is observed. This property is a result of the specific structuring of the parity check matrix. By exploiting this property, we propose an architecture in which the computation of messages is synchronized such that each class of message is consumed immediately by the computational unit for another class of message. The internal memory of the check to bit units is increased in tune with the storage requirement of the check to bit messages. The separate memories for check to bit and bit to check messages are eliminated. This approach has memory savings of 75% and reduces the overall memory accesses by 66%.
Dynamics of epithelial cells in the corpus of the mouse stomach. I. Identification of proliferative cell types and pinpointing of the stem cell (1993)

In a recent study of the corpus epithelium in the mouse stomach, eleven cell types have been identified and enumerated (Karam and Leblond: Anat. Rec. 232:231-246, 1992). The dynamics of these cells will be examined in a series of five articles, of which this is the first. This article focuses on the proliferative ability of the cells, as measured by the labeling index in radioautographs from mice sacrificed 30 min after an intravenous injection of 3H-thymidine. Furthermore, the ultrastructure of the cells found to be proliferative was examined in the hope of finding features characteristic of stem cells. On the basis of their labeling index, the epithelial cells have been classified into four groups. The first includes three cell types which do not take up any label and accordingly are non-dividing: parietal or oxyntic cells, cells named pre-parietal as they are immature cells suspected of being parietal cell precursors, and the rare caveolated or brush cells. The second group is composed of three cell types which are only rarely labeled and, therefore, divide only occasionally: zymogenic or chief cells, entero-endocrine cells, and cells named pre-zymogenic cells as they are suspected of being zymogenic cell precursors. The third group includes two cell types which are always labeled at a low degree and, therefore, divide regularly, but at a low rate: surface mucous cells, herein called pit cells, whose labeling index is 0.8%, and mucous neck cells, simply known as neck cells, 1.8%. The final group consists of three immature cell types with high labeling indices indicating a high rate of division: granule-free cells, which are devoid of secretory granules and have the highest labeling index, 32.4%, pre-pit cells, which possess a few dense secretory granules similar to, but smaller than, those in pit cells, 24.6%, and pre-neck cells, with a small number of secretory granules similar to, but smaller than, those in neck cells, 11.3%. These three cell types, as well as pre-parietal cells, are rapidly renewed, with the turnover times estimated at 3.0 days for pre-neck and pre-parietal cells and less than 2.6 days for granule-free and pre-pit cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Thermal imaging for anxiety detection (2002)

We propose a revolutionary concept for detecting suspects engaged in illegal and potentially harmful activities in or around critical military or civilian installations. We investigate the use of thermal image analysis to detect at a distance facial patterns of anxiety, alertness, and/or fearfulness. This is a totally novel approach to the problem of biometric identification. Instead of focusing on the question "who are you" we focus instead on the question "what are you about to do". Documented preliminary results clearly indicate the feasibility of the idea.