gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Desinfección y esterilización en nuestra consulta (1988)

En nuestra consulta incluimos en el sistema de higiene todas las habitaciones con sus elementos muebles e inmuebles, asi como el instrumental y los uniformes de proteccion del odontologo y de sus ayudantes. ES condicion indispensable para una correcta higiene del consultorio que todo el equipo este informado sobre la razon y objetivos dela desinfeccion y esterilizacion. Es practica habitual en nuestro equipo sensibilizar al personal en formacion que entra en nuestra consulta sobre los problemas de higiene. Unicamente la perseverancia en indicar los peligros de una higiene deficiente, sobre todo la contaminacion, lograra que estos conceptos perduren en el personal en formacion hasta su posterior vida profesional.
En nuestro ambiente, las escuelas profesionales prestan tanta atencion al tema de la higiene como al conocimiento del instrumental. El problema reside en que la vision de los germenes patogenos se reduce unicamente a representaciones graficas. Por todo ello nos hemos propuesto subrayar y complementar los conocimientos obtenidos en la escuela profesional.
How Chimeric Antigen Receptor Design Affects Adoptive T Cell Therapy (2016)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have been developed to treat tumors and have shown great success against B cell malignancies. Exploiting modular designs and swappable domains, CARs can target an array of cell surface antigens and, upon receptor-ligand interactions, direct signaling cascades, thereby driving T cell effector functions. CARs have been designed using receptors, ligands, or scFv binding domains. Different regions of a CAR have each been found to play a role in determining the overall efficacy of CAR T cells. Therefore, this review provides an overview of CAR construction and common designs. Each CAR region is discussed in the context of its importance to a CAR's function. Additionally, the review explores how various engineering strategies have been applied to CAR T cells in order to regulate CAR T cell function and activity. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2590-2598, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Management of the prolonged QT syndrome and recurrent ventricular fibrillation with an implantable automatic cardioverter‐defibrillator (1985)

Two patients with the prolonged QT syndrome and recurrent ventricular tachyarrhythmias are presented, one of them refractory to combination antiarrhythmic drug therapy and bilateral stellate ganglion blockade. We implanted and tested in vivo an automatic cardioverter-defibrillator to provide a cardiac monitoring system with the capability of delivering a 25 J electrical discharge to the heart if rapid ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation is detected. Arrhythmia induction in the electrophysiology laboratory confirmed the appropriate recognition of the arrhythmias in each patient, with prompt discharge of the device and resultant termination of the tachycardias. We suggest that implantation of such a device may provide an effective adjunct to antiarrhythmic drug therapy in the management of infrequent, but potentially lethal, ventricular arrhythmias occurring in patients with the prolonged QT syndrome.
Towards a general triple helix mediated DNA recognition scheme (1997)

This review describes new perspectives offered by the synthesis of non-natural nucleosides to overcome current limitations and extend the triplex-mediated DNA recognition scheme to any sequence. Alternate strand purine binding, direct pyrimidine recognition, and binding to the whole base-pair are described. The review highlights structural requirements to the design of modified nucleosides, as well as perturbing events such as tautomeric ambiguity and intercalation for the extended heterocyclic bases.
Identifying and Correcting Scan Noise and Drift in the Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (2013)

The aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope has great sensitivity to environmental or instrumental disturbances such as acoustic, mechanical, or electromagnetic interference. This interference can introduce distortions to the images recorded and degrade both signal noise and resolution performance. In addition, sample or stage drift can cause the images to appear warped and leads to unreliable lattice parameters being exhibited. Here a detailed study of the sources, natures, and effects of imaging distortions is presented, and from this analysis a piece of image reconstruction code has been developed that can restore the majority of the effects of these detrimental image distortions for atomic-resolution data. Example data are presented, and the performance of the restored images is compared quantitatively against the as-recorded data. An improvement in apparent resolution of 16% and an improvement in signal-to-noise ratio of 30% were achieved, as well as correction of the drift up to the precision to which it can be measured.
Ontogeny of glycoprotein gB‐specific antibody and neutralizing activity during natural cytomegalovirus infection (1994)

The envelope glycoprotein gB (gpUL55) is a candidate for inclusion in subunit cytomegalovirus (CMV) vaccines, although data on gB antibody responses after natural infection are limited. [35S]-labeled gB was partially purified from cells infected with an adenovirus recombinant expressing gB and used in radioimmunoprecipitation assays to characterize responses in solid organ transplant recipients with primary (n = 11) or secondary (n = 8) CMV infection. Seropositive transplant patients without evidence of infection (n = 5) and healthy seroconverters (n = 7) were also studied. gB antibody developed concurrently with CMV-specific IgG, IgM, and neutralizing activity in transplant patients with primary infection. Sustained boosts in gB antibody were seen in patients with secondary infection, and healthy seroconverters developed early gB responses. These data imply that gB antibody is an integral part of the humoral response to CMV infection, and, in view of experimental data regarding immunogenicity, support a role for gB in subunit vaccines.
Ebola Virus‐Like Particle–Based Vaccine Protects Nonhuman Primates against Lethal Ebola Virus Challenge (2007)

On the basis of safety and efficacy, eVLPs represent a promising filovirus vaccine for use in humans.
Highly Water Soluble Taxol Derivatives: 7-Polyethylene Glycol Carbamates and Carbonates (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHighly Water Soluble Taxol Derivatives: 7-Polyethylene Glycol Carbamates and CarbonatesRichard B. Greenwald, Annapurna Pendri, and Durgadas BolikalCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 2, 331–336Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00107a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00107a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1383Altmetric-Citations86LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Apolipoprotein E Inhibition of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation but Not the Inhibition of Migration Is Mediated Through Activation of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (2000)

Initial experiments revealed that low concentrations of apolipoprotein (apo) E (0.1 to 5 microg/mL) were effective in inhibiting platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-directed smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration by 60% to 80%. In contrast, higher concentrations of apoE, at 25 and 50 microg/mL, were necessary to achieve similar inhibition of PDGF-induced SMC proliferation. The potential role of nitric oxide (NO) in mediating the inhibitory effects of apoE was explored. Results showed that, although 0.1 to 5 microg/mL of apoE had no effect on NO production by SMCs, physiological concentrations of apoE (25 to 50 microg/mL) enhanced NO synthesis by 2-fold in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.001). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction amplification of RNA obtained from control and apoE-treated SMCs demonstrated a direct role of apoE in activating inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression. The apoE-induced nitric oxide production was significantly reduced by coincubation of the cells with aminoguanidine or N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (P<0.05) or with antisense iNOS oligodeoxynucleotides (P<0.01). Moreover, the inhibition of iNOS was shown to overcome apoE suppression of PDGF-induced vascular SMC proliferation. However, apoE suppression of PDGF-directed SMC migration was not affected by these treatments. Taken together, these results document that apoE exerts its inhibitory effects on cell proliferation via activation of iNOS. However, apoE inhibition of cell migration is mediated by a mechanism independent of iNOS activation.
Further characterization of the PhoP regulon: identification of new PhoP-activated virulence loci (1994)

Salmonella typhimurium survival within macrophages is an essential virulence property necessary to enteric fever pathogenesis. This survival requires coordinate transcriptional activation of virulence genes within acidified macrophage phagosomes. Virulence gene transcription is regulated by a two-component system comprising the PhoP (transcriptional activator) and PhoQ (sensor-kinase) proteins. Thirteen new PhoP-activated loci (designated pagD to pagP) encoding membrane or secreted proteins have been identified by use of the transposon TnphoA. Three of these loci have a chromosomal location that was linked to the previously identified pagC locus. Strains with TnphoA insertions in pagD, pagJ, pagK, and pagM were significantly attenuated for mouse virulence (50% lethal dose greater than 1,000 times that of wild-type bacteria). No strains with pag::TnphoA insertions were found to have altered sensitivity to the cationic antimicrobial peptide NP-1 defensin. PhoP and PhoQ are pleotropic regulators of membrane or secreted proteins, suggesting that the ability to effect a global change in the expression of these proteins is required for S. typhimurium survival within acidified macrophage phagosomes.
In Situ Hybridization of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus (Marine Cyanobacteria) spp. with rRNA-Targeted Peptide Nucleic Acid Probes (2000)

A simple method for whole-cell hybridization using fluorescently labeled rRNA-targeted peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes was developed for use in marine cyanobacterial picoplankton. In contrast to established protocols, this method is capable of detecting rRNA in Prochlorococcus, the most abundant unicellular marine cyanobacterium. Because the method avoids the use of alcohol fixation, the chlorophyll content of Prochlorococcus cells is preserved, facilitating the identification of these cells in natural samples. PNA probe-conferred fluorescence was measured flow cytometrically and was always significantly higher than that of the negative control probe, with positive/negative ratio varying between 4 and 10, depending on strain and culture growth conditions. Prochlorococcus cells from open ocean samples were detectable with this method. RNase treatment reduced probe-conferred fluorescence to background levels, demonstrating that this signal was in fact related to the presence of rRNA. In another marine cyanobacterium, Synechococcus, in which both PNA and oligonucleotide probes can be used in whole-cell hybridizations, the magnitude of fluorescence from the former was fivefold higher than that from the latter, although the positive/negative ratio was comparable for both probes. In Synechococcus cells growing at a range of growth rates (and thus having different rRNA concentrations per cell), the PNA- and oligonucleotide-derived signals were highly correlated (r = 0.99). The chemical nature of PNA, the sensitivity of PNA-RNA binding to single-base-pair mismatches, and the preservation of cellular integrity by this method suggest that it may be useful for phylogenetic probing of whole cells in the natural environment.
Expression and Contribution of B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) in the Early Immune Response to Leishmania major Infection (1999)

CD28 interactions promote T cell responses, and whether B7-1 or B7-2 is utilized may influence Th cell subset development. CD28 blockade by CTLA-4Ig treatment or by targeted gene disruption has yielded different conclusions regarding the role of CD28 in the development of Th1 and Th2 cells following Leishmania major infection. In this study, we demonstrate that B7-mediated costimulation is required for the development of the early immune response following infection of resistant or susceptible mice. In contrast, CD28-/- BALB/c mice infected with L. major produce cytokines comparable to those of infected wild-type mice. Treatment of CD28-/- mice with CTLA-4Ig did not diminish this response, suggesting that a B7-independent pathway(s) contributes to the early immune response in these mice. In conventional BALB/c or C3H mice, B7-2 functions as the dominant costimulatory molecule in the initiation of early T cell activation following L. major infection, leading to IL-4 or IFN-gamma production, respectively. The preferential interaction of B7-2 with its ligand(s) in the induction of these responses correlates with its constitutive expression relative to that of B7-1. However, B7-1 can equally mediate costimulation for the production of either IL-4 or IFN-gamma when expressed at high levels. Thus, in leishmaniasis, costimulation involving B7-1 or B7-2 can result in the production of either Th1 or Th2 cytokines, rather than a preferential induction of one type of response.
Influence of prostaglandin A2 and 2-methoxyestradiol on Bax and Bcl-2 expression levels in cervical carcinoma cells (2005)

Proteins of the Bcl-2 family are key regulators of apoptosis. Bax can be regarded as pro-apoptotic, whereas Bcl-2 is perceived as anti-apoptotic. It has been proposed that an increased ratio of pro-apoptotic Bax to anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 can be associated with apoptosis. Since prostaglandin A2 (PGA2) and 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME) play an active role in the induction of apoptosis, the influence of 20 microg/ml PGA2 and 1 microM 2-ME was investigated on Bax and Bcl-2 expression levels in cervical carcinoma cells. Both PGA2 and 2-ME exposure led to statistically significant increases in Bax expression levels. Cells were shown to be more susceptible to the effects of 2-ME than to the effects caused by PGA2. In contrast, no statistically significant effects were observed on Bcl-2 expression levels after exposure to PGA2 and 2-ME. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratios for PGA2- and 2-ME-exposed cells were 2.06 and 1.87 respectively, normalised against Bcl-2 levels. Further investigation of the function and regulation of the Bcl-2 family will allow researchers to consider potential pathways of apoptosis signaling mechanisms for diseases where apoptosis can potentially be controlled.
Mammalian Homologues of the Drosophila Slit Protein Are Ligands of the Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Glypican-1 in Brain (1999)

Using an affinity matrix in which a recombinant glypican-Fc fusion protein expressed in 293 cells was coupled to protein A-Sepharose, we have isolated from rat brain at least two proteins that were detected by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a single 200-kDa silver-stained band, from which 16 partial peptide sequences were obtained by nano-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Mouse expressed sequence tags containing two of these peptides were employed for oligonucleotide design and synthesis of probes by polymerase chain reaction and enabled us to isolate from a rat brain cDNA library a 4.1-kilobase clone that encoded two of our peptide sequences and represented the N-terminal portion of a protein containing a signal peptide and three leucine-rich repeats. Comparisons with recently published sequences also showed that our peptides were derived from proteins that are members of the Slit/MEGF protein family, which share a number of structural features such as N-terminal leucine-rich repeats and C-terminal epidermal growth factor-like motifs, and in Drosophila Slit is necessary for the development of midline glia and commissural axon pathways. All of the five known rat and human Slit proteins contain 1523-1534 amino acids, and our peptide sequences correspond best to those present in human Slit-1 and Slit-2. Binding of these ligands to the glypican-Fc fusion protein requires the presence of the heparan sulfate chains, but the interaction appears to be relatively specific for glypican-1 insofar as no other identified heparin-binding proteins were isolated using our affinity matrix. Northern analysis demonstrated the presence of two mRNA species of 8. 6 and 7.5 kilobase pairs using probes based on both N- and C-terminal sequences, and in situ hybridization histochemistry showed that these glypican-1 ligands are synthesized by neurons, such as hippocampal pyramidal cells and cerebellar granule cells, where we have previously also demonstrated glypican-1 mRNA and immunoreactivity. Our results therefore indicate that Slit family proteins are functional ligands of glypican-1 in nervous tissue and suggest that their interactions may be critical for certain stages of central nervous system histogenesis.
Dendritic Cells Cultured in Anti-CD40 Antibody-Immobilized Plates Elicit a Highly Efficient Peptide-Specific T-Cell Response (2002)

The function of dendritic cells (DCs), antigen-presenting cells that can initiate and regulate cellular and humoral responses, is highly influenced by their level of maturation. Immature DCs may be harmful in anti-tumor immunotherapy, because they can induce immunotolerance rather than immunostimulation. In this study, the authors sought to determine the optimal culture conditions for obtaining fully mature DCs. When DCs were cultured in agonistic anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody-immobilized plates, they showed a higher expression of the maturation marker CD83 than DCs cultured without CD40 ligation or those cultured in medium supplemented with anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody. In addition, when interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was added to the medium, additive up-regulation of CD83 expression was observed. These DCs treated with both maturation signals showed a higher secretion of interleukin-12. To evaluate the capacity of antigen presentation, specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes were generated using autologous DC pulsed with a human lymphocyte antigen-A24-restricted peptide epitope derived from carcinoembryonic antigen. Interferon-gamma-secreting CD8+ T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry using the cellular affinity matrix technology. Dendritic cells, matured with CD40 ligation and IFN-gamma, were more efficient at eliciting an antigen-specific T-cell response in vitro than DCs stimulated with anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody or IFN-gamma alone. A cytotoxicity assay using carcinoembryonic antigen-expressing tumor cell lines also showed that DCs matured with both signals were more efficient at inducing cytotoxic T lymphocytes. These results demonstrate that DC culture in an anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody-immobilized plate in medium supplemented with IFN-gamma has a positive impact on DC maturation and may be optimal for eliciting an antigen-specific T-cell response without the need for CD4+ T-helper epitopes.
Immunoreactive somatostatin is present in discrete cells of the endocrine pancreas. (1975)

A discrete population of cells of the endocrine pancreas contains immunoreactive somatostatin as shown by immunofluorescence. These cells are different from those containing glucagon or insulin. This unexpected observation may be of physiopathological significance in the regulatory mechanisms involved in the secretion of glucagon and insulin.
Human Breast Cancer Tumor Models: Molecular Imaging of Drug Susceptibility and Dosing during HER2/neu-targeted Therapy (2008)

NIR imaging with HER2-specific imaging probes enables evaluation of the therapeutic susceptibility of human mammary tumors and of drug dosing during HER2-targeted therapy with trastuzumab. This approach, combined with tomographic imaging techniques, has potential in the clinical setting for determining patient eligibility for and adequate drug dosing in molecularly targeted cancer therapies.
Carbon‐11 labeling of a potent, nonpeptide, at1‐selective angiotensin‐II receptor antagonist: MK‐996 (1995)

Abstract [α‐ 11 C]Benzoyl chloride was synthesized and purified by normal phase HPLC. [ 11 C]MK‐996 ([ 11 C] N ‐[[4′[(2‐ethyl‐5,7‐dimethyl‐3H‐imidazo [4,5‐b]pyridin‐3‐yl)methyl][1,1′‐biphenyl]‐2‐yl]sulfonyl]‐benzamide), a potent and selective ligand for the AT 1 receptor, was prepared by N ‐benzoylation of L‐159,221 with [α‐ 11 C]benzoyl chloride in tetrahydrofuran using lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide as a base. The radiotracer was purified by semi‐preparative reverse‐phase HPLC. The average specific activity was 1162 mCi/μmol calculated at end‐of‐synthesis (EOS). The average time of synthesis including formulation was 30 minutes.
A head-to-head randomized clinical trial of methylphenidate and atomoxetine treatment for executive function in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (2013)

Results regarding the effects of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on executive functions were inconsistent and no study has directly compared the efficacy of these two medications in improving executive functions in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We conducted an 8-10 wk, open-label, head-to-head, randomized clinical trial involving adults with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD confirmed by psychiatric interview. The two treatment arms were immediate-release methylphenidate (IR-methylphenidate) (n = 31) and atomoxetine once daily (n = 32). Executive functions were assessed by the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), including spatial working memory, spatial span, intra-extra dimensional set shifts, rapid visual information processing and Stockings of Cambridge (SOC). In addition to the symptom assessments at baseline (week 0), visit 2 (week 4-5) and visit 3 (week 8–10), they received CANTAB assessments at baseline and visit 3 (60.4 ± 6.3 d). Compared to baseline, adults treated with atomoxetine showed significant improvement in spatial working memory, spatial short-term memory, sustained attention and spatial planning at visit 3; adults treated with IR-methylphenidate showed significant improvement in spatial working memory at visit 3. Comparing the magnitude of improvement in executive functions between these two medications, the effect was generally similar for the two groups, although atomoxetine might have significantly greater efficacy than IR-methylphenidate in terms of improving spatial planning (SOC). Our results provide evidence to support that both IR-methylphenidate and atomoxetine improved various executive functions in adults with ADHD with greater improvement in atomoxetine than IR-methylphenidate in spatial planning.