gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nitric oxide charged catheters as a potential strategy for prevention of hospital acquired infections (2017)

These data highlight the potential of NO-based technology as potential platform for preventing catheter-associated HAI's.
Control of Cellulose Synthase Complex Localization in Developing Xylem (2003)

Cellulose synthesis in the developing xylem vessels of Arabidopsis requires three members of the cellulose synthase (CesA) gene family. In young vessels, these three proteins localize within the cell, whereas in older vessels, all three CesA proteins colocalize with bands of cortical microtubules that mark the sites of secondary cell wall deposition. In the absence of one subunit, however, the remaining two subunits are retained in the cell, demonstrating that all three CesA proteins are required to assemble a functional complex. CesA proteins with altered catalytic activity localize normally, suggesting that cellulose synthase activity is not required for this localization. Cortical microtubule arrays are required continually to maintain normal CesA protein localization. By contrast, actin microfilaments do not colocalize with the CesA proteins and are unlikely to play a direct role in their localization. Green fluorescent protein-tagged CesA reveals a novel process in which the structure and/or local environment of the cellulose synthase complex is altered rapidly.
Perovskite-based solar cells: impact of morphology and device architecture on device performance (2014)

This review provides an overview of factors affecting film morphology and how together with device architecture they impact perovskite cell performance.
Texture Evolution during Roll-Cladding of a Composite of Five Plies of Ferritic Stainless Steel and Aluminium Sheets (2005)

A clad composite of five plies of STS/Al/Al/Al/STS was produced by roll-cladding at 350°C from ferritic stainless steel (STS) and aluminum (Al) sheets. In order to clarify the strain state during roll-cladding, the evolution of textures at different through-thickness layers in the roll-clad composite was investigated. Because the deformation mainly occurred in the Al sheets during roll-cladding, the present investigation was focused on the Al sheets. In the STS/Al/Al/Al/STS composite, the mid Al sheets between STS and center Al displayed pronounced texture gradients with shear textures and plane strain rolling textures, while the center Al sheet depicted a plane strain texture throughout the whole sheet thickness. Simulations with the finite element method (FEM) disclosed that a large variation of shear strain rate during roll-cladding led to the formation of these texture gradients.
Therapeutic mammalian artificial episomal chromosomes. (1999)

Two general strategies are being developed to engineer mammalian artificial chromosomes (MACs) as therapeutic vectors: (i) in vitro MAC cloning by enzymatic ligation of the individual MAC components followed by propagation in single cell organisms such as bacteria or yeast; and (ii) in situ MAC assembly by co-introduction of the various MAC elements into an 'incubator' mammalian tissue culture cell and use of it as a 'foster parental' donor cell. Because of their organizational compactness, in vitro built MACs are stuitable for somatic-based human gene therapy. In contrast, the long-term persistence of in situ built MACs can be capitalized on to generate husbandry transgenic animals expressing therapeutic genes. While current MAC systems generally rely on cis-elements exclusively from viral or genomic origin, the next generation of MACs may combine both into chimeric systems. As illustration of the genetic flexibility and technological potential of chimeric MACs, the herpes viral oriP/EBNA1 system, paradigm of a self-replicating and self-segregating episome in human cells is discussed in terms of future therapeutic applications.
Structural requirements for long-chain (sphingoid) base inhibition of protein kinase C in vitro and for the cellular effects of these compounds (1989)

Sphingosine, sphinganine, and other long-chain (sphingoid) bases inhibit protein kinase C in vitro and block cellular responses to agonists that are thought to act via this enzyme. To gain further insight into the mechanism of this inhibition, a series of long-chain analogues differing in alkyl chain length (11-20 carbon atoms), stereochemistry, and headgroup were examined for (a) inhibition of protein kinase C activity in vitro, (b) the neutrophil respiratory burst in response to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), (c) the PMA-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells, and (d) the growth of Chinese hamster ovary cells. In every instance, the effects were maximal with the 18-carbon homologues, which are the same length as the predominant naturally occurring long-chain base (sphingosine). The lower potency of the shorter chain homologues was partially due to decreased uptake by cells. Small differences were obtained with the four stereoisomers of sphingosine (i.e., D and L forms of erythro- and threo-sphingosine), with N-methyl derivatives of the different sphingosine homologues, and with simpler alkylamines (e.g., stearylamine). The potency of the different headgroup analogues may be affected by the degree of protonation at the assay pH. The pKa of sphingosine was measured to be 6.7; the pKa varied among the analogues. These findings establish that the major structural features required for inhibition of protein kinase C and cellular processes dependent on this enzyme are the presence of a free amino group and an aliphatic side chain and that other groups have more subtle effects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Efficient Occlusion Handling for Multiple Agent Tracking by Reasoning with Surveillance Event Primitives (2006)

Tracking multiple agents in a monocular visual surveillance system is often challenged by the phenomenon of occlusions. Agents entering the field of view can undergo two different forms of occlusions, either caused by crowding or due to obstructions by background objects at finite distances from the camera. The agents are primarily detected as foreground blobs and are characterized by their motion history and weighted color histograms. These features are further used for localizing them in subsequent frames through motion prediction assisted mean shift tracking. A number of Boolean predicates are evaluated based on the fractional overlaps between the localized regions and foreground blobs. We construct predicates describing a comprehensive set of possible surveillance event primitives including entry/exit, partial or complete occlusions by background objects, crowding, splitting of agents and algorithm failures resulting from track loss. Instantiation of these event primitives followed by selective feature updates enables us to develop an effective scheme for tracking multiple agents in relatively unconstrained environments.
Myocardial reactive hyperemia in the unanesthetized dog (1965)

Studies of myocardial reactive hyperemia in dogs 5–24 days after the implantation of electromagnetic flowmeters on coronary artery branches reveal that the duration of occlusion and the control flow rate are independent determinants of the volume of reactive hyperemia flow. Flow debt is almost always overpaid, the average figure being 500 ± 200%. Phasic coronary flow curves show an increase in both systolic and diastolic flow during reactive hyperemia, the increase in systolic flow being due in part to decreased myocardial contractility. Myocardial reactive hyperemia is thought to be due to the accumulation of vasodilator metabolites during the period of coronary occlusion.
Performance optimization of transcritical CO2refrigeration cycle with thermoelectric subcooler (2011)

Use of thermoelectric subcooler is one of the techniques to improve the performance of transcritical CO2 cycle. Thermodynamic analyses and optimizations of transcritical CO2 refrigeration cycle with thermoelectric subcooler are presented in this paper. Further, the effects of various operating parameters on cycle performances are studied. It is possible to optimize current supply, discharge pressure, and CO2 subcooling simultaneously based on maximum cooling COP for thermoelectrically enhanced transcritical CO2 refrigeration cycle to get best performance. Results show that thermoelectric current supply, COP improvement, and discharge pressure reduction increase with increase in cycle temperature lift, with maximum values of 11 A, 25.6%, and 15.4%, respectively, for studied ranges. Use of thermoelectric subcooler in CO2 refrigeration system not only improves the cooling COP, also reduces the system high-side pressure, compressor pressure ratio, and compressor discharge temperature, and enhances the volumetric cooling capacity. Component-wise irreversibility distribution shows similar trend with basic CO2 cycle, although values are lower leading to higher second law efficiency. Cooling capacity may be enhanced by increasing the current supply for the same thermoelectric configuration with penalty of COP. Study reveals that thermoelectrically enhanced CO2 refrigeration cycle yields significant performance improvement especially for higher-cycle temperature lift. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CD8+ T Cell Activation Is Governed by TCR-Peptide/MHC Affinity, Not Dissociation Rate (2007)

Binding of peptide/MHC (pMHC) complexes by TCR initiates T cell activation. Despite long interest, the exact relationship between the biochemistry of TCR/pMHC interaction (particularly TCR affinity or ligand off-rate) and T cell responses remains unresolved, because the number of complexes examined in each independent system has been too small to draw a definitive conclusion. To test the current models of T cell activation, we have analyzed the interactions between the mouse P14 TCR and a set of altered peptides based on the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus epitope gp33-41 sequence bound to mouse class I MHC D(b). pMHC binding, TCR-binding characteristics, CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity, and IFN-gamma production were measured for the peptides. We found affinity correlated well with both cytotoxicity and IFN-gamma production. In contrast, no correlation was observed between any kinetic parameter of TCR-pMHC interaction and cytotoxicity or IFN-gamma production. This study strongly argues for an affinity threshold model of T cell activation.
Methane Fermentation of Facultative Pond in Pond System for Ecological Treatment and Recycling of Livestock Wastewater (2000)

A wastewater treatment pond system was developed for treatment and recycling of dairy cattle excreta of per day. The wastes were diluted by the water used for clearing stalls. The system was composed of three ponds in series. A submerged gas collector for the recovery of methane was installed at the bottom of secondary pond with water depth of 2.4m. This paper deals mainly with performance of methane fermentation of secondary pond which is faclutative one. The average , SS, TN, and TP concentrations of influent into secondary pond were 49.1, 53.4, 48.6, and 5.3 mg/l, and those of effluent from it were 27.9, 45.7, 30.8, 3.2 mg/l respectively. Methane fermentation of 2.4-meter-deep secondary pond bottom was well established at and gas garnered from the collector at that temperature was 80% methane. Literature on methane fermentation of wastewater treatment ponds shows that methane bacteria grow well around , the rate of daily accumulation and decomposition of sludge is approximately equal at , and activities of methanogenic bacteria are ceased below . The good methane fermentation of the pond bottom around , about lower than , results from temperature stability, anaerobic condition, and neutral pH of the bottom sludge layer. It is recommended that the depth of pond water could be 2.4m. Gas from the collector during active methane fermentation was almost 83% methane, less than 17% nitrogen. Carbon dioxide was less than 1% of the gas, which indicates that carbon dioxide produced in bottom sludges was dissolved in the overlaying water column. Thus a purified methane can be collected and used as energy source. Sludge accumulation on the pond bottom for a nine month period was 1.3cm and annual sludge depth can be estimated to be 1.7cm. Design of additional pond depth of 0.3m can lead to 15 - 20 year sludge removal.
Initiation at the Third In-Frame AUG Codon of Open Reading Frame 3 of the Hepatitis E Virus Is Essential for Viral Infectivity In Vivo (2007)

To determine the initiation strategy of the hepatitis E virus (HEV) open reading frame 3 (ORF3), we constructed five HEV mutants with desired mutations in the ORF1 and ORF2 junction region and tested their levels of in vivo infectivity in pigs. A mutant with a C-terminally truncated ORF3 is noninfectious in pigs, indicating that an intact ORF3 is required for in vivo infectivity. Mutations with substitutions in the first in-frame AUG in the junction region or with the same T insertion at the corresponding position of HEV genotype 4 did not affect the virus infectivity or rescue, although mutations with combinations of the two affected virus recovery efficiency, and a single mutation at the third in-frame AUG completely abolished virus infectivity in vivo, indicating that the third in-frame AUG in the junction region is required for virus infection and is likely the authentic initiation site for ORF3. A conserved double stem-loop RNA structure, which may be important for HEV replication, was identified in the junction region. This represents the first report of using a unique homologous pig model system to study the molecular mechanism of HEV replication and to systematically and definitively identify the authentic ORF3 initiation site.
Abstract #1291: Efficient knockdown of MMR proteins in human CRCcells using chained microRNA constructs (2009)

In colorectal cancer, microsatellite instability (MSI) is a frequent occurrence which causes an increase in mutation rate leading to tumor progression. Previous studies in our laboratory established that MSH2 expression is mediated by ischemia, and that this leads to de novo point mutations in the transforming oncogene KRAS. Since the cells previously used had been genetically manipulated to loose an activating allele of KRAS, we wished to create an in vitro model that is able to sufficiently mimic the mutator phenotype seen in MSI colorectal cancer earlier in progression (i.e. prior to KRAS activation). We achieved this by knocking-down the expression of two key mismatch repair proteins, MSH2 and MLH1. This was done by stably transfecting Caco-2 colorectal cells (which are mismatch repair proficient and microsatellite stable) with a plasmid (BLOCK-iT; Invitrogen) containing chained microRNAs (miRNAs) designed to target both MSH2 and MLH1 mRNAs. Cells were then seeded at low density in selection media containing blasticidin and different clones were isolated. Protein knock-down in each clone was then examined through western blotting. Greater than 99% protein knockdown was achieved through miRNA targeting of MSH2 alone, and we found chained constructs were more effective than single miRNA sequences. Co-repression of MSH6 but not MLH1 was also observed in MSH2 knockdown cells. Further studies will be done to determine the MSI status of these cells as well as other molecular changes they have undergone. This study will further elucidate the effects of decreased MMR protein expression on cell behavior and aid in our understanding of its involvement in tumor progression. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 1291.
Non-linear dynamics of a vibration energy harvester by means of the homotopy analysis method (2013)

This article reports on the modelling and experimental validation of a vibration energy harvesting approach that uses a permanent-magnet/ball-bearing arrangement and a wire-coil transducer. The harvester’s behaviour is modelled using a forced Duffing oscillator modified with quintic non-linearity, and the primary first-order steady-state resonant solutions are found using the homotopy analysis method. These solutions found are shown to compare well with measured ball-bearing displacements and harvested output power and are used to predict the wideband frequency response of this type of vibration energy harvester. A prototype harvester was found to produce a maximum output power of 16.4 mW from a 14.2 Hz, 400 milli-g excitation.
Complement in Immune and Inflammatory Disorders: Therapeutic Interventions (2013)

With the awareness that immune-inflammatory cross-talk is at the heart of many disorders, the desire for novel immunomodulatory strategies in the therapy of such diseases has grown dramatically. As a prime initiator and important modulator of immunological and inflammatory processes, the complement system has emerged as an attractive target for early and upstream intervention in inflammatory diseases and has moved into the spotlight of drug discovery. Although prevalent conditions such as age-related macular degeneration have attracted the most attention, the diverse array of complement-mediated pathologies, with distinct underlying mechanisms, demands a multifaceted arsenal of therapeutic strategies. Fortunately, efforts in recent years have not only introduced the first complement inhibitors to the clinic but also filled the pipelines with promising candidates. With a focus on immunomodulatory strategies, in this review we discuss complement-directed therapeutic concepts and highlight promising candidate molecules.
One-step PCR mediated strategy for the construction of conditionally expressed and epitope tagged yeast proteins (1996)

With the availability of the complete yeast genomic sequence, techniques which allow the rapid functional analysis of genes of interest are of increasing importance. Here we report a technique which allows the initial characterisation of genes of interest, through the construction of conditionally expressed mutations for functional analyses and the generation of epitope-tagged fusion proteins for immuno-localisation and immuno-purification, entirely by PCR.
Does Network Geometry Influence the Electron Transport Dynamics in Mesoporous Nanoparticle Solar Cells? (2003)

A major objective of our research is to define and solve the problems that limit the efficiency and commercial viability of solar cells based on dye-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2. Toward this end, we are currently elucidating the factors that govern charge transport and the loss mechanisms in mesoporous nanoparticle films of TiO2. In this paper, we describe the first experimental evidence that the network geometry strongly influences electron transport and the first application of percolation theory to dye-sensitized solar cells.
WTX is rarely mutated in acute myeloid leukemia (2008)

WTX (Wilms’ tumor gene on the X chromosome) is inactivated in 30% of Wilms’ tumors, mostly by chromosomal deletion.[1][1] The WTX protein is a component of the β-catenin destruction complex and promotes its ubiquitination and degradation, functioning as a negative regulator of WNT/β-catenin
Reprocessable Acid-Degradable Polycarbonate Vitrimers (2018)

Vitrimers are cross-linked polymer networks containing linkages that undergo thermally activated, associative exchange reactions, such that the cross-link density and overall network connectivity are preserved. Polycarbonates are industrially relevant polymers that, to our knowledge, have not yet been explored as vitrimers. We developed hydroxyl-functionalized polycarbonate networks that undergo transcarbonation exchange reactions at elevated temperatures in the presence of catalytic Ti(IV) alkoxides. The rate of transcarbonation within the networks, estimated through stress relaxation experiments, was tuned by adjusting the catalyst loading or hydroxyl group concentration in the networks. The polymer networks exhibit recovery of their tensile strength and plateau storage modulus (71–133%) after reprocessing. In addition to being reprocessable, the networks were hydrolyzed and decarboxylated in aqueous acid to recover 80 wt % of the precursor to the bifunctional cyclic carbonate monomer. These observations demonstrate that PC vitrimers are a novel class of strong, repairable polymers with more facile end-of-life degradation compared to other vitrimers and conventional thermosets. These characteristics, along with the high likelihood of deriving their monomers from bio-based sources, make PC vitrimers outstanding candidates for sustainable manufacture and use.
Increased Mortality in Bulimia Nervosa and Other Eating Disorders (2009)

Individuals with eating disorder not otherwise specified, which is sometimes viewed as a "less severe" eating disorder, had elevated mortality risks, similar to those found in anorexia nervosa. This study also demonstrated an increased risk of suicide across eating disorder diagnoses.
BMP-1/Tolloid-like Metalloproteases Process Endorepellin, the Angiostatic C-terminal Fragment of Perlecan (2005)

Endorepellin, the C-terminal domain of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan perlecan, possesses angiostatic activity. The terminal laminin-like globular (LG3) domain of endorepellin appears to possess most of the biological activity on endothelial cells. LG3 protein has been detected in the urine of patients with end-stage renal disease and in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women with premature rupture of fetal membranes. These findings suggest that proteolytic processing of endorepellin and the generation of LG3 might have biological significance. In this study, we have identified specific enzymes of the bone morphogenetic protein-1 (BMP-1)/Tolloid family of metalloproteases that cleave LG3 from recombinant endorepellin at the physiologically relevant site and that cleave LG3 from endogenous perlecan in cultured mouse and human cells. The BMP-1/Tolloid family of metalloproteases is thereby implicated in the processing of a major basement membrane proteoglycan and in the liberation of an anti-angiogenic factor. Using molecular modeling, site-directed mutagenesis and angiogenic assays, we further demonstrate that LG3 activity requires specific amino acids involved in Ca(2+) coordination.
Hypoxia-inducible Factor 1α (HIF-1α)-mediated Hypoxia Increases BACE1 Expression and β-Amyloid Generation (2007)

The incidence of Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular dementia is greatly increased following cerebral ischemia and stroke in which hypoxic conditions occur in affected brain areas. beta-Amyloid peptide (Abeta), which is derived from the beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) by sequential proteolytic cleavages from beta-secretase (BACE1) and presenilin-1 (PS1)/gamma-secretase, is widely believed to trigger a cascade of pathological events culminating in AD and vascular dementia. However, a direct molecular link between hypoxic insults and APP processing has yet to be established. Here, we demonstrate that acute hypoxia increases the expression and the enzymatic activity of BACE1 by up-regulating the level of BACE1 mRNA, resulting in increases in the APP C-terminal fragment-beta (betaCTF) and Abeta. Hypoxia has no effect on the level of PS1, APP, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-converting enzyme (TACE, an enzyme known to cleave APP at the alpha-secretase cleavage site). Sequence analysis, mutagenesis, and gel shift studies revealed binding of HIF-1 to the BACE1 promoter. Overexpression of HIF-1alpha increases BACE1 mRNA and protein level, whereas down-regulation of HIF-1alpha reduced the level of BACE1. Hypoxic treatment fails to further potentiate the stimulatory effect of HIF-1alpha overexpression on BACE1 expression, suggesting that hypoxic induction of BACE1 expression is primarily mediated by HIF-1alpha. Finally, we observed significant reduction in BACE1 protein levels in the hippocampus and the cortex of HIF-1alpha conditional knock-out mice. Our results demonstrate an important role for hypoxia/HIF-1alpha in modulating the amyloidogenic processing of APP and provide a molecular mechanism for increased incidence of AD following cerebral ischemic and stroke injuries.