gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of High Quality Nb/AIOx-A1/Nb Josephson Junctions: 11- Deposition of Thin A1 Lavers on Nb Films (1992)

The surface coverage of thin AI layers deposited on Nb films with different sputtering parameters was studied. The anodization profile and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed that the underlying Nb layer is wet by a thin 2.8-nm AI layer, and the oxide formation on the Nb layer is completely suppressed. The excellent surface coverage is due to the affinity of AI for Nb and is quite different from the degraded coverage of AI on Si. We observed that the surface coverage of A1 on Nb depends on the film characteristics of the underlying Nb layers. We fabricated Nb/AlO,-AI/Nb junctions having lower Nb lay- ers deposited with different sputtering parameters. We verified that the quality of the junction is closely related to the surface coverage as analyzed by the anodization profiles and XPS.
[Immunoglobulins E and inflammatory cells]. (1996)

Immunoglobulins E (IgE) have a privileged relationship with inflammatory cells due to the fact that there are different receptors for their Fc fragment expressed on the cell's surface. Currently one recognises at least three types of receptor: high affinity receptors (Fc epsilon RI) which are present on the surface of mast cells, basophils, and Langerhans cells. The receptors of low affinity (Fc epsilon RII) are represented on the surface of numerous inflammatory cells (eosinophils, lymphocytes, platelets...) and some lectine type (epsilon BP) receptors which are present on polymorpho-nuclear neutrophils and activated macrophages. The IgE interaction in the presence of specific antigens on the receptor may lead to cellular activation by transduction mechanism which are becoming better understood. This sequence of events, combined with the mechanisms of immediate hypersensitivity lead to the liberation of mediators and cytokines which nature varies according to the cell type and its environment. Polymorpho-nuclear eosinophils, mast cells, basophils and many other cells comply with this type of activation. However, the relationship between IgE and cells is not limited to this type of activation response. In the absence of specific antigen, IgE may sometimes play an inhibitory role on cellular functions; it is the case of blood platelets and polymorpho-nuclear neutrophils. Finally, IgE also participates in normal mechanisms of immune defence and may perhaps, by their presence on the surface of the dentritic cells, be determining factors in the function of antigen presentation. The diversity of IgE action at cellular level may equally be observed at the level of the bronchus, on organ which is implicated in allergic pathology. Passive sensitisation of the human bronchus by IgE may have at least two types of effect on the contractile response observed in vivo: in the presence of specific antigen it enables the contraction of bronchial smooth muscles and in the absence of antigen it could change the contractile response to non-specific agonists as it is observed in vivo in bronchial hyper-reactivity.
Effect of Recombinant ApoA-I Milano on Coronary Atherosclerosis in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes (2003)

A recombinant ApoA-I Milano/phospholipid complex (ETC-216) administered intravenously for 5 doses at weekly intervals produced significant regression of coronary atherosclerosis as measured by IVUS. Although promising, these results require confirmation in larger clinical trials with morbidity and mortality end points.
Kinetic studies of inverse electron demand Diels–Alder reactions (iEDDA) of norbornenes and 3,6-dipyridin-2-yl-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (2014)

Inverse electron demand Diels-Alder additions (iEDDA) between 1,2,4,5-tetrazines and olefins have recently found widespread application as a novel 'click chemistry' scheme and as a mild technique for the modification of materials. Norbornenes are, due to their straightforward synthetic availability, especially interesting in the latter context. Therefore, the reactivity of different norbornene-based compounds was compared with unsubstituted norbornene and other alkenes using UV-vis measurements for the determination of reaction rates under pseudo first order conditions. Thereby, <i>exo</i>,<i>exo</i>-5-norbornene-2,3-dimethanol was found to be almost as reactive as unsubstituted norbornene whereas (±)-<i>endo</i>,<i>exo</i>-dimethyl-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylate reacted only insignificanty faster than unstrained alkenes.
Electrochromic Performance of Viologen-Modified Periodic Mesoporous Nanocrystalline Anatase Electrodes (2004)

We report for the first time on the electrochromic performance of viologen-modified periodic mesoporous nanocrystalline anatase, denoted meso-nc-TiO2-V(2+). Electrodes fashioned from meso-nc-TiO2-V(2+) were found to display enhanced color contrast yet have similar conduction band edge energy level and electron percolation ability as electrodes made from viologen-modified nanocrystalline titania, nc-TiO2-V(2+). This performance can be attributed to the uniform and ordered mesopore architecture, the nanocrystalline anatase wall structure, and the large accessible surface area for tethering viologen molecules.
Hepatic radiofrequency ablation with internally cooled probes: effect of coolant temperature on lesion size (2003)

Radiofrequency (RF) ablation is a minimally invasive method for treatment of primary and metastatic liver tumors. One of the currently commercially available devices employs an internally cooled 17-gauge needle probe. Within the probe, cool water is circulated during ablation, which cools tissue close to the probe resulting in larger lesions. We evaluated the effect of different cooling water temperatures on lesion size. We created a finite-element method model, simulated 12 min impedance-controlled ablation and determined temperature distribution for three water temperatures. Lesion diameters in the model were 33.8, 33.4, and 32.8 mm for water temperatures of 5 degrees C, 15 degrees C, and 25 degrees C, respectively. We solved a simplified model geometry analytically and present dependence of lesion diameter on cooling temperature. We further performed ex vivo experiments in fresh bovine liver. We created four lesions for each water temperature, with the same water temperatures as used in the finite-element method (FEM) model. Average lesion diameters were 28.3, 30, and 29.5 mm for water temperatures of 5 degrees C, 15 degrees C, and 25 degrees C, respectively. Water temperature did not have a significant effect on lesion size in the ex vivo experiments (p = 0.76), the FEM model, and the analytical solution.
Synthesis of triacylglycerol from polyunsaturated fatty acid by immobilized lipase (1994)

Abstract More than 95% of polyunsaturated acid (PUFA) was converted to triacylglycerol by immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica or Rhizomucor miehei . The esterification was carried out at 50–60°C with shaking and dehydration for 24 h. The substrates consisted of glycerol and free fatty acid or ethyl esters of the fatty acid at a 1∶3 molar ratio. The docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in the substrate polymerized during the reaction, and they required 5–10% more than the stoichiometric amount to compensate for the PUFA loss. On the contrary, ethyl esters of DHA and EPA were not polymerized. Pure tridocosahexaenoyl, trieicosapentaenoly and triarachidonoyl glycerol were isolated after passing the product through a basic aluminum oxide column. Industrial feasibility of this process was discussed for the ethyl ester as substrate.
Copeptin is associated with mortality and outcome in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage (2010)

Copeptin is a new prognostic marker in patients with an ICH. If this finding can be confirmed in larger studies, copeptin might be an additional valuable tool for risk stratification and decision-making in the acute phase of ICH.
Effects of afferent renal nerve stimulation on renal hemodynamic and excretory functions (1984)

In anesthetized cats (n = 9) renal afferent fibers were electrically stimulated for 11 min, and the response of the contralateral innervated kidney was compared with that of the ipsilateral denervated one. Before stimulation, renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, and water and sodium excretions were significantly lower in the innervated kidney than in the denervated one. Afferent renal nerve stimulation augmented arterial pressure and also increased sodium and water excretions from both kidneys without concomitant changes in glomerular filtration rates and renal blood flows. Absolute and percent changes in sodium and water excretions from the innervated kidney were similar to those observed in the denervated one. The same results were obtained in cats (n = 4) which underwent bilateral adrenalectomy to avoid the effect of circulating catecholamines. In another group of cats (n = 5), the increase in renal perfusion pressure due to the stimulation was prevented by an aortic snare: this resulted in a slight but equal decrease of all variables in both kidneys. These experiments do not show a reflex control of renal function from renal afferents.
High-performance supercapacitors using a nanoporous current collector made from super-aligned carbon nanotubes (2010)

Nanoporous current collectors for supercapacitors have been fabricated by cross-stacking super-aligned carbon nanotube (SACNT) films as a replacement for heavy conventional metallic current collectors. The CNT-film current collectors have good conductivity, extremely low density (27 microg cm(-2)), high specific surface area, excellent flexibility and good electrochemical stability. Nanosized active materials such as NiO, Co(3)O(4) or Mn(2)O(3) nanoparticles can be directly synthesized on the SACNT films by a straightforward one-step, in situ decomposition strategy that is both efficient and environmentally friendly. These composite films can be integrated into a pseudo-capacitor that does not use metallic current collectors, but nevertheless shows very good performance, including high specific capacitance (approximately 500 F g(-1), including the current collector mass), reliable electrochemical stability (<4.5% degradation in 2500 cycles) and a very high rate capability (245 F g(-1) at 155 A g(-1)).
A Brief Literature Overview of Various Routes to Biorenewable Fuels from Lipids for the National Alliance for Advanced Biofuels and Bio-products (NAABB) Consortium (2011)

Renewable methods of producing transportation fuels are currently the focus of numerous large research efforts across the globe. Renewable fuel produced from algal lipids is one aspect of this research that could have profound implications on future transportation fuel requirements. However, technical challenges remain in several areas of algal-lipid-based fuels. These challenges include the identification and development of robust and productive algal species as well as extraction methods to recover the produced lipids. Not the least of these technical challenges is the conversion of the algae lipids to fungible fuels. This brief literature review focuses primarily on state-of-the-art “downstream” applications of producing fuel from fats and lipids, which can be applied to ongoing research with algae-derived lipids.
Isolation of adenovirus-associated viruses from man. (1967)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
MC2‐Net: motion correction network for multi‐contrast brain MRI (2021)

A deep learning-based motion correction method for multi-contrast MRI was successfully developed, and experimental results demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.
SEROLOGIC DIAGNOSIS OF EPIDEMIC TYPHUS FEVER (1977)

Microagglutination (MA), microcomplement-fixation (CF), indirect microimmunofluorescence (micro-IF) and Weil-Felix (WF) tests were compared for sensitivity and specificity in detection of antibodies against Rickettsia prowazekii and for serologic diagnosis of epidemic typhus fever. Paired sera from hospitalized Ethiopian patients suffering from febrile illness were examined. Purified particulate rickettsial antigens used in MA, CF and micro-IF tests were made from infected yolk sacs by differential centrifugation from molar NaCl and from NaCl-sucrose, D20=1.1491, pH 5.5. In sensitivity the tests ranked micro-IF greater than MA greater than CF greater than WF. Use of specific anti-IgG and anti-IgM sera in parallel micro-IF tests made it possible to differentiate cases of recrudescent epidemic typhus (Brill-Zinsser disease) from primary epidemic typhus cases. Antibodies reacting in high titer with R. canada were produced by 86% of patients with rising antibody titers against R. prowazekii.
Voluntary Exercise Decreases Amyloid Load in a Transgenic Model of Alzheimer's Disease (2005)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder for which there are few therapeutics that affect the underlying disease mechanism. Recent epidemiological studies, however, suggest that lifestyle changes may slow the onset/progression of AD. Here we have used TgCRND8 mice to examine directly the interaction between exercise and the AD cascade. Five months of voluntary exercise resulted in a decrease in extracellular amyloid-beta (Abeta) plaques in the frontal cortex (38%; p = 0.018), the cortex at the level of the hippocampus (53%; p = 0.0003), and the hippocampus (40%; p = 0.06). This was associated with decreased cortical Abeta1-40 (35%; p = 0.005) and Abeta1-42 (22%; p = 0.04) (ELISA). The mechanism appears to be mediated by a change in the processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) after short-term exercise, because 1 month of activity decreased the proteolytic fragments of APP [for alpha-C-terminal fragment (alpha-CTF), 54% and p = 0.04; for beta-CTF, 35% and p = 0.03]. This effect was independent of mRNA/protein changes in neprilysin and insulin-degrading enzyme and, instead, may involve neuronal metabolism changes that are known to affect APP processing and to be regulated by exercise. Long-term exercise also enhanced the rate of learning of TgCRND8 animals in the Morris water maze, with significant (p < 0.02) reductions in escape latencies over the first 3 (of 6) trial days. In support of existing epidemiological studies, this investigation demonstrates that exercise is a simple behavioral intervention sufficient to inhibit the normal progression of AD-like neuropathology in the TgCRND8 mouse model.
Chromosome 15 abnormalities and the Prader-Willi syndrome: a follow-up report of 40 cases. (1982)

High-resolution chromosome analysis and multiple banding techniques were performed on blood samples from 40 patients with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) as a follow-up to our recent report in which we found interstitial deletions of 15q in four of five patients with this syndrome. Of the 40 new patients, 19 had interstitial del(15q), one had an apparently balanced 15;15 translocation, and one was mos46,XX/47,XX+idic(15) (pter leads to q11::q11 leads to pter). These data confirm our previous report and demonstrate that half of all patients with the clinical diagnosis of PWS have chromosome abnormalities involving chromosome 15 detectable by high-resolution methods. Although the majority of these involve a specific deletion of bands 15q11-q12, other alterations of chromosome 15 may be present.
Multi-user detection for DS-CDMA communications (1996)

Direct-sequence code-division multiple access (DS-CDMA) is a popular wireless technology. In DS-CDMA communications, all of the users' signals overlap in time and frequency and cause mutual interference. The conventional DS-CDMA detector follows a single-user detection strategy in which each user is detected separately without regard for the other users. A better strategy is multi-user detection, where information about multiple users is used to improve detection of each individual user. This article describes a number of important multiuser DS-CDMA detectors that have been proposed.
Heating as a rapid purification method for recovering correctly-folded thermotolerant VH and VHH domains (2007)

Heat treatment can simplify the purification protocol of thermotolerant proteins as well as remove any soluble aggregate. Since the re-folding capability after heat-induced denaturation was previously correlated to higher performance during recombinant expression, a unique heating step can be envisaged to screen constructs that can provide high yields of correctly-folded proteins.
Desmosomes and Desmosomal Cadherin Function in Skin and Heart Diseases—Advancements in Basic and Clinical Research (2010)

In the last two decades desmosomal research has developed from a highly specialized area of cell biology to an area of biomedical research aimed at elucidating the role of these cell junctions in tissue and organ development and homeostasis. 

Until the late 1980s, desmosomal research focused, to a large extent, on the morphological characterization of desmosomes and the biochemical identification of desmosomal proteins. Towards the end of that decade, the first desmosomal transmembrane proteins (desmogleins and desmocollins) were cloned, demonstrating that these proteins are sequence related to cadherins, a family of calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. Subsequent knockout experiments in mice, published in the 1990s, demonstrated that at least some of the desmosomal cadherins (e.g., desmoglein 3) are required to maintain tissue integrity in the oral mucosa (see the paper of Ganeshan et al.). Around the same time, it was shown that patients who suffer from autoimmune diseases characterized by skin and mucous membrane blistering produce autoantibodies against desmogleins 1 and 3 (DSG1, DSG3). These two observations suggested that the loss of normal desmosome function could lead to tissue fragility disorders.

Subsequent to the identification of pemphigus as a desmosomal disease, reports began to emerge suggesting that mutations in desmosomal genes can cause a variety of skin blistering disorders and cardiomyopathy (see the paper by J. Li and G. L. Radice).

Recently the question has emerged: Are all desmosomal diseases caused by a loss of cell adhesion? Mounting evidence suggests that abnormal cell signaling might contribute to the pathophysiology of at least certain types of desmosomal diseases, such as pemphigus (see the paper of M. Bektas et al. and D. Brennan et al.). The putative contributions of cell adhesion defects and abnormal cell signaling in diseases like pemphigus are still under intense debate. We can expect to see a continued influx of exciting new findings in this area.

The present special issue is a collection of reviews and original research articles that focus on fundamental aspects of desmosome biology and on clinical research relating to desmosomal diseases of the skin, mucous membranes, and heart. These papers are also examples of how a synergistic approach that utilizes the tools of genetic engineering in mice, human genetics, cell and molecular biology and immunology have led to a significant advancement of our understanding of the pathological mechanisms underlying desmosomal diseases. We sincerely thank the authors for their high-quality and exciting contributions. We hope that these provocative papers will stimulate discussions and promote future collaborations.
Roles of apolipoproteins B and E in the cellular binding of very low density lipoproteins. (1985)

Apoproteins B and E both interact with cellular low density lipoprotein (LDL) apolipoprotein B and E (apo B,E)-receptors, and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) contain both apo B and apo E. Our aim was to study the relative importance of apo B and apo E in the binding of VLDL subfractions to cells. Two monoclonal anti-LDL-apo B antibodies (464B1B3 and 464B1B6, 2a and 2b, respectively) and two anti-apo E antibodies (1506 A1.4 and 1907 F6.4) were used to inhibit lipoprotein-cell interactions. In confirmation of previous findings, the binding and degradation of 125I-LDL by human fibroblasts were inhibited approximately 90% by antibodies 2a or 2b or the antigen-binding fragments of 2a, whereas the cellular processing of 125I-VLDL3 (Sf20-60), 125I-VLDL2 (Sf60-120), and 125I-VLDL1 (Sf greater than 120) were inhibited by only approximately 50%, approximately 25%, and less than 10%, respectively. The VLDL1-3 and LDL-dependent intracellular esterification of cholesterol with [3H]oleate were inhibited to a similar extent. Other monoclonal anti-human apo B antibodies inhibited lipoprotein-cell interactions much less effectively and nonimmune IgG isolated from mouse serum did not inhibit at all. 20-fold excesses of LDL produced about the same patterns of inhibition of degradation of 125I-VLDL1-3 and LDL by cells as did antibodies 2a and 2b, whereas homologous unlabeled VLDL1-3 in like amounts inhibited the matched 125I-VLDL subfraction more effectively. Two anti-apo E monoclonal antibodies and a polyclonal anti-apo E antibody inhibited cell-mediated degradation of and lipoprotein-dependent cholesterol esterification by VLDL1 but not VLDL3 or LDL. The results suggest that receptor recognition sites on apo E in preference to sites on apo B mediate the cellular binding of hypertriglyceridemic VLDL1. However, the proportion of particles bound via apo B seems to increase as VLDL decreases in size toward LDL, and virtually all of LDL binding is mediated by apo B.
How to sign given any trapdoor permutation (1992)

A digital signature scheme is presented, which is based on the existence of any trapdoor permutation. The scheme is secure in the strongest possible natural sense: namely, it is secure against existential forgery under adaptive chosen message attack.
An epidemiological survey of symptoms of menstrual loss in the community. (2004)

The development of symptoms of menstrual loss among women in the community is common, in contrast to the rarity of gynaecological malignancy. This raises concern about the usefulness of current guidelines, based on symptoms, advising women when to consult, and for the early detection of gynaecological malignancy in the community and primary care.
Expression of mucins (MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC6) in mucinous carcinoma of the breast: comparison with invasive ductal carcinoma (2002)

The expression rate of MUC1/CORE and MUC1/HMFG-1, which is related to poor prognosis in the gastric and colorectal cancers, is low in mucinous carcinomas. The high expression rate of gel-forming secretory mucins (MUC2 and MUC6) in mucinous carcinoma suggests that high production of these types of mucins may act as a barrier to cancerous extension resulting in their less aggressive biological behaviour.
Aerosolized Ceftazidime for Prevention of Ventilator‐Associated Pneumonia and Drug Effects on the Proinflammatory Response in Critically Ill Trauma Patients (2002)

Aerosolized ceftazidime decreased the frequency of VAP in critically ill trauma patients, without adversely affecting ICU flora. Aerosolized ceftazidime also may attenuate the proinflammatory response in the lung.