gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient channel-aware rate adaptation in dynamic environments (2008)

Increasingly, 802.11 devices are being used by mobile users. This results in very dynamic wireless channels that are difficult to use efficiently. Current rate selection algorithms are dominated by probe-based approaches that search for the best transmission rate using trial-and-error. In mobile environments, probe-based techniques often perform poorly because they inefficiently search for the moving target presented by the constantly changing channel. We have developed a channel-aware rate adaptation algorithm CHARM - that uses signal strength measurements collected by the wireless cards to help select the transmission rate. Moreover, unlike previous approaches CHARM leverages channel reciprocity to obtain channel information, so the information is available to the transmitter without incurring RTS/CTS overhead. This combination of techniques allows CHARM to respond quickly to dynamic channel changes. We implemented CHARM in the Madwifi driver for wireless cards using the Atheros chipset. Our evaluation both in the real world and on a controlled testbed shows that channel-aware rate selection can significantly outperform probe-based rate adaptation, especially over dynamic channels.
ERLOTINIB ACTIVATES MITOCHONDRIAL DEATH PATHWAYS RELATED TO THE PRODUCTION OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES IN THE HUMAN NON‐SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER CELL LINE A549 (2008)

1. Erlotinib, a small-molecule epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TK) inhibitor, has been approved for the management of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether erlotinib exerts potent antitumour activities through the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway in the human non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549. 2. The 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2 thiazoyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and Hoechst 33342 staining showed that erlotinib produced a decline in cell viability of A549 cells and induced cell apoptosis, coupled with quick accumulation of ROS. In addition, erlotinib increased the respiratory control ratio, NADPH oxidase catalytic subunit gp91(phox) expression and superoxide anion (O2(-)) generation, suggesting that erlotinib induced ROS production in A549 cells from both mitochondrial and NADPH oxidase sources. 3. Fluorescence microscopy with the JC-1 probe and western blot analysis indicated that erlotinib induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, the release of cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and activation of JNK. 4. The results of the present study suggest that erlotinib has potent antitumour activity in A549 cells by activating ROS-dependent, JNK-driven cell apoptosis. These findings provide a novel insight into the mechanism of action of erlotinib in the treatment of human non-small cell lung cancer in addition to its effects in inhibiting EGFR-TK.
Traffic Analysis Tools for Integrated Digital Time-Division Link Level Multiplexing of Synchronous and Asynchronous Message Streams (1983)

Information is transmitted over a digital link in repetitive time intervals called frames; each frame consists of one or more time slots. Theoretical performance limitations of a variety of time-division multiplexing policies for models of synchronous and asynchronous message streams are studied.
Role of Cellular Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Infection of Human Adenovirus Serotype 3 and 35 (2008)

Species B human adenoviruses (Ads) are increasingly associated with outbreaks of acute respiratory disease in U.S. military personnel and civil population. The initial interaction of Ads with cellular attachment receptors on host cells is via Ad fiber knob protein. Our previous studies showed that one species B Ad receptor is the complement receptor CD46 that is used by serotypes 11, 16, 21, 35, and 50 but not by serotypes 3, 7, and 14. In this study, we attempted to identify yet-unknown species B cellular receptors. For this purpose we used recombinant Ad3 and Ad35 fiber knobs in high-throughput receptor screening methods including mass spectrometry analysis and glycan arrays. Surprisingly, we found that the main interacting surface molecules of Ad3 fiber knob are cellular heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). We subsequently found that HSPGs acted as low-affinity co-receptors for Ad3 but did not represent the main receptor of this serotype. Our study also revealed a new CD46-independent infection pathway of Ad35. This Ad35 infection mechanism is mediated by cellular HSPGs. The interaction of Ad35 with HSPGs is not via fiber knob, whereas Ad3 interacts with HSPGs via fiber knob. Both Ad3 and Ad35 interacted specifically with the sulfated regions within HSPGs that have also been implicated in binding physiologic ligands. In conclusion, our findings show that Ad3 and Ad35 directly utilize HSPGs as co-receptors for infection. Our data suggest that adenoviruses evolved to simulate the presence of physiologic HSPG ligands in order to increase infection.
Controlled trial of sulphasalazine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (1964)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS This paper provides further evidence that sulphasalazine is an effective agent in the treatment of mild or moderate colitis. There was a high incidence of gastrointestinal side-effects and one patient developed haemolytic anaemia.
A mutated HLA-A2 molecule recognized by autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes on a human renal cell carcinoma. (1996)

Many human tumor cells have been shown to express antigens that are recognized by autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and the molecular nature of a number of melanoma antigens has been defined recently. Here we describe the characterization of an antigen recognized on a renal cell carcinoma by autologous CTL clones. This antigen is encoded by the HLA-A2 gene present in the tumor cells. The sequence of this gene differs from the HLA-A2 sequence found in autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes by a point mutation that results in an arginine to isoleucine exchange at residue 170, which is located on the alpha-helix of the alpha 2 domain. Transfection experiments with the normal and mutated HLA-A2 cDNA demonstrated that this amino acid replacement was responsible for the recognition of the HLA-A2 molecule expressed on the tumor cells. The mutant HLA-A2 gene was also detected in the original tumor tissue from the patient, excluding the possibility that the mutation had appeared in vitro. Thus, HLA class I molecules carrying a tumor-specific mutation can be involved in the recognition of tumor cells by autologous CTL.
Commemorative handkerchiefs (1946)

Journal Article Commemorative handkerchiefs Get access Reginald B. Fellows Reginald B. Fellows Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 190, Issue 1, 12 January 1946, Page 17, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/190.1.17b Published: 12 January 1946
Protection of retinal ganglion cells from ischemia-reperfusion injury by electrically applied Hsp27. (2001)

Electroporation of Hsp27 protein into RGCs increased the resistance of the RGCs to the apoptosis induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury.
The Kinetics and Mechanism of the Acid-Catalyzed Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with Ethyl Alcohol1,2 (1950)

In the present investigation the kinetics of the simple acid-catalyzed reaction as well as the more complex case of the hydrochloric acid reaction have been studied and certain aspects of the mechanisms of these reactions have been considered.
RNA interference-mediated silencing of Sod2 in Drosophila leads to early adult-onset mortality and elevated endogenous oxidative stress (2002)

Oxidative stress has been widely implicated as an important factor in the aging process. Because mitochondrial respiration is the principal source of reactive oxygen within cells, the mitochondrially localized superoxide dismutase (SOD) 2 is thought to play an important front-line defensive role against aging-related oxidative stress. Although genetic studies with mutants deficient in SOD1, the predominantly cytosolic isoform of SOD, have been instrumental in elucidating the role of reactive oxygen metabolism in aging in Drosophila, the lack of available mutations in the Sod2 gene has hampered an equivalent analysis of the participation of this important antioxidant enzyme in the Drosophila aging model. Here we report that ablation of mitochondrial SOD2 through expression of a GAL4-regulated, inverted-repeat Sod2 RNA-interference transgene in an otherwise normal animal causes increased endogenous oxidative stress, resulting in loss of essential enzymatic components of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, enhances sensitivity to applied oxidative stress, and causes early-onset mortality in young adults. In sharp contrast, ablation of SOD2 has no overt effect on the development of larvae and pupae, which may reflect a fundamental transition in oxygen utilization andor reactive oxygen metabolism that occurs during metamorphosis from larval to adult life.
Small-Bias Probability Spaces: Efficient Constructions and Applications (1993)

It is shown how to efficiently construct a small probability space on n binary random variables such that for every subset, its parity is either zero or one with “almost” equal probability. They are called $\epsilon $-biased random variables. The number of random bits needed to generate the random variables is $O(\log n + \log \frac{1}{\epsilon })$. Thus, if $\epsilon $ is polynomially small, then the size of the sample space is also polynomial. Random variables that are $\epsilon $-biased can be used to construct “almost” k-wise independent random variables where $\epsilon $ is a function of k. These probability spaces have various applications: l. Derandomization of algorithms: Many randomized algorithms that require only k-wise independence of their random bits (where k is bounded by $O(\log n)$), can be derandomized by using $\epsilon $-biased random variables. 2. Reducing the number of random bits required by certain randomized algorithms, e.g., verification of matrix multiplication. 3. Exhaustive testing of combinatorial circuits. The smallest known family for such testing is provided. 4. Communication complexity: Two parties can verify equality of strings with high probability exchanging only a logarithmic number of bits. 5. Hash functions: A polynomial sized family of hash functions such that with high probability the sum of a random function over two different sets is not equal can be constructed.
Future of Particle Physics (2001)

To solicit comments from the high-energy-physics community, NSF and the Department of Energy have posted a preliminary draft of the much anticipated report of the HEPAP (High Energy Physics Advisory Panel) subpanel on long-range planning for US high-energy physics on the Web (http://doe-hep.hep.net/news.html). HEPAP expects to submit the final document to the funding agencies early in the new year. Jonathan Bagger (Johns Hopkins) and Barry Barish (Caltech) are the cochairs of the subpanel.© 2001 American Institute of Physics.
Impact of Analytical Bias in Metabonomic Studies of Human Blood Serum and Plasma (2006)

Concurrent with the explosion in the number of publications reporting biomarker discovery by profiling technologies, such as proteomics and pattern recognition, has been the increase in evidence highlighting the susceptibility of these approaches to analytical and experimental bias. The work presented here addresses these timely issues by delivering a detailed characterization of the effect of common sources of bias in clinical studies on serum and plasma profiles generated by a key technology in metabonomics, NMR spectroscopy. Specifically, differences in composition when blood samples were collected onto and in the absence of ice, over a series of serum-clot contact times, the stability of NMR-prepared samples over time and the effect on the metabolic profile of freeze-thawing were examined. While differences between individuals were far greater than variation from any other experimental factor, each of the conditions examined did cause slight alterations to the NMR profile that could produce a systematic bias. Variation due to clotting time caused changes in energy metabolites, which were delayed by ice with no other spectral effects. Room-temperature stability and hence NMR spectral repeatability were high (<1% intrasample variation). Higher molecular weight species such as lipoproteins were more susceptible to the variations present in the examined factors. These observations have implications for profiling study design, and hence, our results form a new and valuable resource for those attempting clinical metabolic profiling, for regulatory agencies involved in the licensing of clinical tests and in the generation of international reporting standards for metabonomics.
Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor expression in patients with cervical human papillomavirus infection (2013)

The predominance of high GITR expression in samples with high viral load that were classified as HSIL and carcinoma suggests that GITR+ cells can exhibit regulatory properties and may contribute to the progression of HPV-induced cervical neoplasia, emphasizing the importance of GITR as a potential target for immune therapy of cervical cancer and as a disease evolution biomarker.
TiCl4, Dioxane—A Facile and Efficient System for De-O-Benzylation, De-O-Allylation, and De-O-Xylylation of Phenolic Ethers (2003)

Abstract Simultaneous de-O-xylylation and reductive coupling was observed when 1 equiv. of the dialdehyde 2a/2b was treated with 5 equiv. of each TiCl4 and Zinc which lead to the development of TiCl4 in dioxane as a new system for the facile deprotection of phenolic ethers 4a–4d, 5a–5d, and 6a–6c.
Cadaver skin allografts and transmission of human cytomegalovirus to burn patients. (1996)

Cytomegalovirus infections result from using CMV-seropositive cadaver allografts on seronegative burn patients.
Activation of a potassium current by rapid photochemically generated step increases of intracellular calcium in rat sympathetic neurons. (1987)

Although Ca2+ is a well-established intracellular messenger, there are many questions concerning the kinetics and spatial localization of its effects. Such problems may now be approached with the photosensitive Ca2+ chelator nitr-5. The Ca2+ affinity of this molecule decreases by a factor of 40 after absorption of near-UV light; Ca2+ is liberated with a time constant of approximately equal to 300 microseconds. Nitr-5 or the related compounds nitr-2 and nitr-7, complexed with Ca2+, were introduced into rat sympathetic ganglion cells by dialysis from a patch pipette electrode operating in the whole-cell, voltage-clamp mode. Light flashes released Ca2+ and activated a K+ current. Flash-induced current relaxations followed a simple exponential time course with time constants as brief as 5 ms. Comparison of the kinetics among the chelators, which photolyze at different rates, suggests that release of Ca2+ from nitr-5 is too fast to limit the relaxation. Thus we confirm directly that Ca2+ can modulate membrane properties within a few milliseconds after entering a cell. A preliminary kinetic description of K+ current activation by Ca2+ in rat sympathetic neurons is presented; Ca2+ appears to bind to the channel with a rate constant of at least 2 X 10(7) M-1 X s-1.
Effect of flue gas impurities on CO2 capture performance from flue gas at coal-fired power stations by vacuum swing adsorption (2009)

CO2 capture from major stationary emission sites has been studied widely with the increasing realization of the negative impact of greenhouse gas emissions on climate change. In terms of capture technology, solvent scrubbing, membrane processes and adsorption processes are the major contenders with the latter making significant progress over the last decade due to both improved adsorbent and process design and operation. As is well known, capturing CO2 from flue gases at coal-fired power stations by pressure/vacuum swing adsorption is complicated by the existence of significant amounts of water, SOx, NOx and other impurities, which are detrimental to most commercial CO2 selective-adsorbents. Conventional adsorption-based CO2 capture processes rely on using a pre-treatment stage to remove water, SOx and NOx, which adds considerably to the overall cost. In contrast, we report here an adsorption process developed in our laboratory which directly tackles the untreated flue gas without a separate pre-treatment stage by using a propriety multiple-layered bed comprising different adsorbents. The species CO2, H2O, SOx and NOx are processed in the same column within different function layers optimized according to adsorption properties and process conditions. A fully programmable logic controller (PLC) automated three-column pilot plant was built to perform the study with real-time control and data acquisition conducted through Human Machine Interface/Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (HMI/SCADA) system. Through running continuous experiments, the effects of impurities on process performance such as CO2 purity, recovery and process power are investigated and reported. This is the first in-depth report of the performance of adsorption based capture plants in the presence of impurities found in real flue gas streams.
Ultimately scaled 20nm unified-RAM (2010)

A 20 nm all-around-gate (AAG) FET is demonstrated for unified-RAM by the use of an 8 nm Si-nanowire on a bulk-substrate. High performances of NVM and 1T-DRAM are presented.
Characterization of the cspB gene encoding PS2, an ordered surface‐layer protein in Corynebacterium glutamicum (1993)

PS2 is one of two major proteins detected in the culture media of various Corynebacterium glutamicum strains. The coding and promoter regions of the cspB gene encoding PS2 were cloned in lambda gt11 using polyclonal antibodies raised against PS2 for screening. Expression of the cspB gene in Escherichia coli led to the production of a major anti-PS2 labelled peptide of 63,000 Da, corresponding presumably to the mature form of PS2. It was detected in the cytoplasm, periplasm and surrounding medium of E. coli. Three other slower migrating bands of 65,000 68,000 and 72,000 Da were detected. The largest one probably corresponds to the precursor form of PS2 in E. coli. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence revealed an open reading frame (ORF) of 1533 nucleotides. The deduced 510-amino-acid polypeptide had a calculated molecular mass of 55,426 Da. According to the predicted amino acid sequence, PS2 is synthesized with a N-terminal segment of 30-amino-acid residues reminiscent of eukaryotic and prokaryotic signal peptides, and a hydrophobic domain of 21 residues near the C-terminus. Although no significant homologies were found with other proteins, it appears that some characteristics and the amino acid composition of PS2 share several common features with surface-layer proteins. The cspB gene was then disrupted in C. glutamicum by gene replacement. Freeze-etching electron microscopy performed on the wild-type strain indicated that the cell wall of C. glutamicum is covered with an ordered surface of proteins (surface layer, S-layer) which is in very close contact with other cell-wall components. These structures are absent from the cspB-disrupted strain but are present after reintroduction of the cspB gene on a plasmid into this mutant. Thus we demonstrate that the S-layer protein is the product of the cspB gene.
Cis-acting sequences from mouse rDNA promote plasmid DNA amplification and persistence in mouse cells: implication of HMG-I in their function (1989)

Searching for amplification promoting sequences within the murine rDNA cistrons, we isolated two elements from the nontranscribed spacer region. These 370 bp and 423 bp long cis-acting elements, referred to as muNTS1 and muNTS2, are localized 4.1 kb and 4.6 kb upstream the RNA polymerase I transcriptional start site. They contain ca. 50 bp long AT-rich sequences that strongly interact with a protein from nuclear extracts. The protein could be purified and identified as HMG-I. A synthetic oligonucleotide encompassing the AT-rich stretch from muNTS1 is able to substitute for the muNTS elements. A similar sequence from the nontranscribed spacer of rat has previously been reported to be important for the function of the RNA polymerase I enhancer (1). Therefore the interaction of HMG I with the muNTS elements may play a role both in the stimulation of DNA amplification and transcription.
Gene directed enzyme/prodrug therapy of cancer: Historical appraisal and future prospectives (2001)

Gene therapy of cancer is a novel approach with the potential to selectively eradicate tumour cells, whilst sparing normal tissue from damage. In particular, gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) is based on the delivery of a gene that encodes an enzyme which is non-toxic per se, but is able to convert a prodrug into a potent cytotoxin. Several GDEPT systems have been investigated so far, demonstrating effectiveness in both tissue culture and animal models. Based on these encouraging results, phase I/II clinical trials have been performed and are still ongoing. The aim of this review is to summarise the progress made in the design and application of GDEPT strategies. The most widely used enzyme/prodrug combinations already in clinical trials (e.g., herpes simplex 1 virus thymidine kinase/ganciclovir and cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosine), as well as novel approaches (carboxypeptidase G2/CMDA, horseradish peroxidase/indole-3-acetic acid) are described, with a particular attention to translational research and early clinical results.
Ternary self-assemblies in water: forming a pentanuclear ReLn4 assembly by association of binuclear lanthanide binding pockets with fac-Re(CO)3(dinicotinate)2Cl (2013)

The self-assembly of higher order structures in water is realised by using the association of 1,3-biscarboxylates to binuclear meta-xylyl bridged DO3A complexes. Two dinicotinate binding sites are placed at a right-angle in a rhenium complex, which is shown to form a 1 : 2 complex with α,α'-bis(Eu·DO3A)-5-amino-m-xylene.
Human papillomavirus type 16 E7 associates with a histone H1 kinase and with p107 through sequences necessary for transformation (1993)

The transforming function of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E7 has been shown to depend on activities additional to the ability to bind RB. In this paper we describe two further properties of E7 which may also contribute to transformation, an association with a histone H1 kinase at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and an ability to bind the RB-related protein p107. The region of E7 identified previously as important for RB binding was found to be involved in the association with the kinase and complex formation with p107, although analysis of E7 point mutants within this region revealed a difference in the precise sequence requirement for RB and p107 binding. Association with the kinase activity correlated with the ability to bind RB, but the restriction of the kinase association to the G2/M phase of the cell cycle implies that this activity might not be directly mediated by RB binding. Since kinase-binding-deficient E7 mutants are also transformation defective, this may represent an independent function of E7 which plays a role in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle.