gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engagement of CD160 receptor by HLA-C is a triggering mechanism used by circulating natural killer (NK) cells to mediate cytotoxicity (2002)

Circulating human natural killer (NK) lymphocytes have been functionally defined by their ability to exert cytotoxic activity against MHC class I-negative target cell lines, including K562. Therefore, it was proposed that NK cells recognized the "missing self." We show here that the Ig-like CD160 receptor expressed by circulating CD56(dim+) NK cells or IL-2-deprived NK cell lines is mainly involved in their cytotoxic activity against K562 target cells. Further, we report that HLA-C molecules that are constitutively expressed by K562 trigger NK cell lysis through CD160 receptor engagement. In addition, we demonstrate, with recombinant soluble HLA-Cw3 and CD160 proteins, direct interaction of these molecules. We also find that CD158b inhibitory receptors partially interfere with CD160-mediated cytotoxicity, whereas CD94CD159a and CD85j have no effect on engagement with their respective ligands. Thus, CD160HLA-C interaction constitutes a unique pathway to trigger NK cell cytotoxic activity.
A fundamental introduction to ion mobility mass spectrometry applied to the analysis of biomolecules. (2002)

Chemists are constantly striving for techniques that add dimensions of orthogonality with increased throughput and sample complexity. Ion mobility spectrometry (IM) is a gas-phase separation method that adds new dimensions to mass spectrometry (MS). IM separates gas-phase ions based on their collision cross-section and can be coupled with time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry to yield a powerful tool used in the identification and characterization of proteins and peptides. A fundamental introduction to IM is presented with a focus on resolution, sensitivity, and orthogonality coupled with TOF-MS.
Characterization of monoclonal antibodies directed against domains of pertussis toxin involved in receptor recognition (1991)

The exotoxin pertussis toxin (PT) produced by virulent Bordetella pertussis bacteria is regarded as the main virulence factor of the organism and held responsible for most of its pathological effects. Identification of functional sites on PT would greatly facilitate site-specific detoxification and thus also the development of a new vaccine. For the investigation of structure-function aspects of PT we have prepared and characterized eleven monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (UB-A1, UB-A2, UB-A10, UB-B7, UB-B12, UB-D4, UB-D7, UB-D10, UB-F7, UB-G1, and UB-G12) directed at the native toxin. Only UB-B12 and UB-D10 recognized PT in Western blotting indicating that most of the mAbs were directed against conformational epitopes. The mAbs were assayed for their ability to interfere with the binding of PT in model receptor systems like a solid phase binding assay using fetuin as receptor moiety, hemagglutination of chymotrypsin-sensitized goose erythrocytes, and the PT-mediated induction of the clustered growth pattern (CGP) of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Five of the eleven mAbs (UB-A1, UB-A2, UB-B7, UB-B12, and UB-D7) interfered with the binding of PT to fetuin on solid phase and with PT-mediated hemagglutination. UB-A2, UB-B7, and UB-B12 also inhibited the induction of the clustered growth pattern of CHO-cells. This indicates that the determinants recognized by these mAbs are associated with the formation of the carbohydrate recognition sites of PT. Thus, the monoclonal antibodies described in this study will be valuable tools in the further analysis of the structure-function relationship of pertussis toxin with respect to receptor recognition and binding.
Coping with add (2001)

Attention Restoration Theory suggests that contact with nature supports attentional functioning, and a number of studies have found contact with everyday nature to be related to attention in adults. Is contact with everyday nature also related to the attentional functioning of children? This question was addressed through a study focusing on children with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). This study examined the relationship between children’s nature exposure through leisure activities and their attentional functioning using both within and between-subjects comparisons. Parents were surveyed regarding their child’s attentional functioning after activities in several settings. Results indicate that children function better than usual after activities in green settings and that the “greener” a child’s play area, the less severe his or her attention deficit symptoms. Thus, contact with nature may support attentional functioning in a population of children who desperately need attentional support.
Fast and Easy Drying Method for the Preparation of Activated [18F]Fluoride Using Polymer Cartridge (2011)

An efficient nucleophilic []fluorination has been studied to reduce byproducts and preparation time. Instead of conventional aqueous solution of , several organic solution containing inert organic salts were used to release []fluoride ion and anion bases captured in the polymer cartridge, concluding that methanol solution is the best choice. Comparing to azeotropic drying process, one min was sufficient to remove methanol completely, resulting in about 10% radioactivity saving by reducing drying time. The polymer cartridge, Chromafix (PS-) was pretreated with several anion bases to displace pre-loaded bicarbonate base. Phosphate bases showed better results than carbonate bases in terms of lower basicity. tert-Butanol solvent used as a reaction media played another critical role in nucleophilic [18F]fluorination by suppressing eliminated side product. Consequent []fluorination under the present condition afforded fast preparation of reaction solution and high radiochemical yields (98% radio-TLC, 84% RCY) with 94% of precursor remained.
DFT study on RuII‐catalyzed cyclization of terminal alkynals to cycloalkenes (2008)

Abstract The reaction mechanism of [CpRu(MeCN) 3 ]PF 6 ‐catalyzed cyclization of terminal alkynals 1 to cycloalkenes 2 was investigated by means of density functional methods combined with polarizable continuum models. Calculations indicate that the coordination of the cationic catalyst [CpRu(CH 3 CN) 2 ] + to the carbon–carbon triple bond of the substrate 1 enhances the electrophilicity of alkynyl group, and the subsequent nucleophilic attack of the carbonyl oxygen to the electron‐deficient alkyne forms ate complex IM2 , which would further isomerize into 2H‐oxete complex IM3 . Then a replacement of MeCN by AcOH occurs, followed by two proton‐migrations, which leads to a Fischer‐type carbene complex IM6 . Finally, a decarbonylation takes place leading to cycloalkene 2 . The terminal alkynal is activated by its combination with ruthenium, which leads to a decrease in the natural bond orbital energy of π* (C1C2) . The four‐membered ring formation is the rate‐controlling step. However, AcOH helps proton shift through coordination with metal center and decreases the reaction energy barriers. Throughout the reactions, all the Ru II complexes obey the 18‐electron‐rule. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
CGRP blockers in migraine therapy: where do they act? (2008)

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is expressed throughout the CNS and peripheral nervous system, consistent with control of vasodilatation, nociception, motor function, secretion and olfaction. AlphaCGRP is prominently localized in primary afferent C and Adelta fibres of spinal and trigeminal ganglia. Activation of the trigeminal nerve results in antidromic release of CGRP, acting through a CGRP1 receptor. Antagonists of CGRP1 receptors reduce signalling in the trigeminovascular pathway at multiple sites, putatively inside the blood-brain barrier. Other ways of interacting with CGRP mechanisms have appeared limiting the availability of CGRP in the circulation with a specific CGRP antibody or with a CGRP-binding RNA-Spiegelmer. Either way reduces neurogenic inflammation and attenuates signalling within the trigeminovascular pathway. Specific CGRP receptor blockade has been shown to reduce the effect of released CGRP and to abort acute migraine attacks. The novel approach of reducing available CGRP is limited by the blood-brain barrier; its usefulness may be more as prophylaxis rather than as acute treatment of migraine.
Polyadenylation and deadenylation of maternal mRNAS during oocyte growth and maturation in the mouse (1994)

We previously showed that, during mouse oocyte maturation, specific maternal mRNAs (actins) are deadenylated, while others (hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase:HPRT) are adenylated. As in other systems, these changes can be correlated with changes in translational activities. Maturation-specific polyadenylation in Xenopus depends on the presence of a U-rich cytoplasmic polyadenylation element (CPE) close to the 3' end of the RNA. RNAs that lack CPEs appear to be deadenylated by default when meiosis resumes. We show here that this default program also applies to maturing mouse oocytes. Microinjected beta- and gamma-actin 3' UTR (untranslated region) transcripts lacking CPEs but including polyA tails (100-200 N) behave as endogenous maternal actin mRNAs and are deadenylated by maturing oocytes. "Nonsense" transcripts that do not include CPEs, but that do contain polyA tails, are also deadenylated. beta- and gamma-Actin 3' UTRs with short polyA tails (50-80 N) are stable and exhibit no detectable change in adenylation when injected into growing, full-grown, or maturing oocytes. In contrast, HPRT 3' UTRs, which include the CPE UUUUAAAU and a short polyA tail (50 N), are polyadenylated during maturation. HPRT 3' UTR transcripts with long polyA tails (100-200 N) are more extensively deadenylated by growing and full-grown oocytes that retain germinal vesicles than by maturing oocytes. The presence of CPEs may be required for polyA tail shortening and translational inactivation of stable mRNAs during oocyte growth and subsequent selective readenylation and translation during meiotic maturation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Can Habitat Alteration and Spring Angling Explain Largemouth Bass Nest Success? (2006)

Abstract Largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides nest in shallow littoral areas, making them vulnerable to negative effects of habitat alteration due to development of lake shorelines and fishing during the spring nesting period. For instance, alteration of shorelines may reduce the quality and abundance of nesting habitat, and the high visibility of nests and the aggressive guarding behavior of nesting males increase their vulnerability to fishing. In 2004, we monitored nest distribution and success and quantified local nest habitat features, lakewide angler effort, and lakeshore development patterns in five Michigan lakes to determine the extent to which habitat alteration and fishing limit the number of nests that produce swim‐up fry. Lakes spanned a range of lakeshore dwelling densities (8–22 dwellings/km), allowing us to determine the extent to which nest success varies within and among lakes due to local (e.g., substrate and cover) and lakewide (e.g., dwellings/km and fishing effort) factors. Surprisingly, local habitat characteristics were not important determinants of the probability that a nest would produce swim‐up fry ( P &gt; 0.05). At the whole‐lake scale, however, nest success was negatively related to dwelling density; the probability of producing swim‐up fry declined from 0.77 in the lake with the lowest dwelling density to 0.45 in the lake with the highest dwelling density ( P = 0.018). Lakewide estimates of angling effort could not explain the difference among lakes, indicating the likely importance of quantifying angling at finer spatial scales. Knowledge of the magnitude of anthropogenic effects and the spatial scale at which they operate is integral for the management of black bass Micropterus spp.
Kinetics and mechanism of the Edman degradation (1965)

D. Bethell, G. E. Metcalfe and R. C. Sheppard, Chem. Commun. (London), 1965, 189 DOI: 10.1039/C19650000189
A tool for functional plant genomics: Chimeric RNA/DNA oligonucleotides cause in vivo gene-specific mutations (1999)

Self-complementary chimeric oligonucleotides (COs) composed of DNA and modified RNA residues were evaluated as a means to (i) create stable, site-specific base substitutions in a nuclear gene and (ii) introduce a frameshift in a nuclear transgene in plant cells. To demonstrate the creation of allele-specific mutations in a member of a gene family, COs were designed to target the codon for Pro-196 of SuRA, a tobacco acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene. An amino acid substitution at Pro-196 of ALS confers a herbicide-resistance phenotype that can be used as a selectable marker in plant cells. COs were designed to contain a 25-nt homology domain comprised of a five-deoxyribonucleotide region (harboring a single base mismatch to the native ALS sequence) flanked by regions each composed of 10 ribonucleotides. After recovery of herbicide-resistant tobacco cells on selective medium, DNA sequence analyses identified base conversions in the ALS gene at the codon for Pro-196. To demonstrate a site-specific insertion of a single base into a targeted gene, COs were used to restore expression of an inactive green fluorescent protein transgene that had been designed to contain a single base deletion. Recovery of fluorescent cells confirmed the deletion correction. Our results demonstrate the application of a technology to modify individual genetic loci by catalyzing either a base substitution or a base addition to specific nuclear genes; this approach should have great utility in the area of plant functional genomics.
New Immunotoxins Targeting CD123, a Stem Cell Antigen on Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells (2007)

The specific alpha subunit of the interleukin-3 receptor (IL-3Ralpha, CD123) is strongly expressed in various leukemic blasts and leukemic stem cells and seems to be an excellent target for the therapy of leukemias. In this study, immunotoxins were developed to target CD123 only, which bypasses the dependence on other subunits to form intact IL-3R. Three anti-CD123 hybridomas (26292, 32701, and 32716) were selected on the basis of their affinity for CD123. Total RNAs were extracted from the 3 anti-CD123 hybridomas and used to clone the fragment of variable region (Fvs). The Fvs were assembled into single chain Fvs and fused to a 38-kd fragment of Pseudomonas exotoxin A to make recombinant immunotoxins. 26292(Fv)-PE38 was found to have the highest cytotoxic activity on the CD123 expressing leukemia cell line TF-1. It bound the cells with a kd of 3.5 nM. Another immunotoxin, 32716(Fv)-PE38, belonging to a different epitope group, had a similar binding ability but was less active, demonstrating the role of epitope selection in immunotoxin action. The cytotoxic activity of 26292(Fv)-PE38 was increased from 200 to about 40 ng/mL by mutating the REDLK sequence at the C terminus to KDEL. 26292(Fv)-PE38-KDEL was specifically cytotoxic to several CD123 expressing cell lines (TF-1, Molm-13, and Molm-14) with good CD123 expression but not to ML-1 or U937 with low or absent expression. In conclusion, 26292(Fv)-PE38-KDEL shows good cytotoxic activity against CD123 expressing cell lines, and merits further development for the possible treatment of acute myeloid leukemia and other CD123 expressing malignancies.
The concept of application of immobilized and perfused mammalian cells (a bioreactor model) in biomedical research. (1994)

An overview of the concept of cellular immobilization and perfusion as a small laboratory bioreactor model is presented. The cellular systems currently used may be described as static. This is due to conditions of hypoxia and waste product build-up that affect cell physiology. Cellular immobilization and perfusion is, therefore, expected to maintain the cells for very long periods of time under approximately physiological conditions. A number of applications of immobilized perfused hepatocytes and other cellular systems such as adipocytes and Sertoli cells are described in addition to various other cell lines. Moreover, it is suggested that the bioreactor may have potential use as a bioartificial organ.
Responsive biomimetic hydrogel valve for microfluidics (2001)

A biomimetic hydrogel valve capable of directional flow control in response to the local fluid environment in microfluidic channels is described. The valve consists of a pair of photopolymerized hydrogel bistrips with different pH sensitivities, and becomes activated or deactivated reversibly based on local pH as a result of volume and shape changes. When activated at pH 8, the valve mimics anatomic venous valves both functionally and structurally, allowing fluid flow in one direction under forward pressure while restricting flow in the opposite direction. At an applied pressure of 0.71 psi, the forward flow rate was 140 μL/min, compared to a backward leakage rate of 2.3 μL/min.
Salting-out of oxygen from aqueous electrolyte solutions: prediction and measurement (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSalting-out of oxygen from aqueous electrolyte solutions: prediction and measurementWerner Lang and Rolf ZanderCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamen. 1986, 25, 4, 775–782Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i100024a050https://doi.org/10.1021/i100024a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views539Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A real-time shadow approach for an augmented reality application using shadow volumes (2003)

Shadows add a level of realism to a rendered image. Moreover, they are used as visual clues to determine spacial relationships and real-time shadows will gain importance in current real-time computer graphics applications for this reason. Twenty-five years ago, Crow published the shadow volume approach for determining shadowed regions of a scene. In this paper we present a modified real-time shadow volume algorithm that can be used in an Augmented/Mixed Reality application. Finally, the proposed concepts provide a novel sense of visual output of an AR application.
Bacillus infections in patients with cancer (1988)

• Eighteen febrile patients experienced 24 episodes of<i>Bacillus</i>bacteremias from January 1978 to June 1986.<i>Bacillus</i>species isolated Included<i>Bacillus</i>cereus (eight cases),<i>Bacillus circulans</i>(three),<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>(two),<i>Bacillus pumilus</i>(two),<i>Bacillus licheniformis</i>(one),<i>Bacillus sphaericus</i>(one),<i>Bacillus coagulans</i>(one), and six that could not be speciated. Fifteen patients had lymphoma or leukemia and three had breast cancer. Nine patients were neutropenic (polymorphonuclear neutrophil count, &lt;1.0×10<sup>9</sup>/L), seven patients had a Hickman catheter In place, and 14 had recently received chemotherapy. Twelve of the bacteremic episodes were clinically significant, and four of these 12 involved Hickman catheters. Catheter removal was ultimately necessary in all four patients. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy was performed on one of the removed Hickman catheters and showed<i>Bacillus</i>organisms embedded in a biofilm composed of gram-positive cocci and glycocalyx.<i>Bacillus</i>species were uniformly susceptible to vancomycin, imipenem, and aminoglycosides, with penicillin susceptibilities being variable.<i>Bacillus</i>appears to be another gram-positive organism now being recognized as a bacterial pathogen for compromised hosts. When such infections involve long-term Indwelling venous access devices, treatment should include Immediate catheter removal as well as antibiotic therapy. (<i>Arch Intern Med</i>1988;148:1769-1774)
Visualizing the global topology of the MBone (2002)

We present a case study of visualizing the global topology of the Internet MBone. The MBone is the Internet's multicast backbone. Multicast is the most efficient way of distributing data from one sender to multiple receivers with minimal packet duplication. Developed and initially deployed by researchers within the Internet community, the MBone has been extremely popular for efficient transmission across the Internet of real-time video and audio streams such as conferences, meetings, congressional sessions, and NASA shuttle launches. The MBone, like the Internet itself grew exponentially with no central authority. The resulting suboptimal topology is of growing concern to network providers and the multicast research community. We create a geographic representation of the tunnel structure as arcs on a globe by resolving the latitude and longitude of MBone routers. The interactive 3D maps permit an immediate understanding of the global structure unavailable from the data in its original form as lines of text with only hostnames and IP addresses. Data visualization techniques such as grouping and thresholding allow further analysis of specific aspects of the MBone topology. We distribute the interactive 3D maps through the World-Wide Web using the VRML file format thus allowing network maintainers throughout the world to analyze the structure move effectively than would be possible with still pictures or pre-made videos.
Pre‐administration of angiopoietin‐1 followed by VEGF induces functional and mature vascular formation in a rabbit ischemic model (2003)

The pre-administration of Ang1 followed by VEGF resulted in an improvement of hemodynamic status, an increased number of vessels covered with alpha-actin-positive mural cells, and prevention of VEGF-mediated edema. Thus, priming by Ang1 gene administration would be beneficial for therapeutic angiogenesis in VEGF gene therapy.
Prophylaxis Against Nerve Agent Intoxications (2006)

The acute toxicity of organophosphates is usually attributed to their irreversible inhibition of an enzyme acetylcholinesterase that hydrolyses the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. The resultant increase in concentration of acetylcholine at the cholinergic synapses of the peripheral and central nervous system, and neuromuscular junction is manifested by over-stimulation of the cholinergic neurotransmission. Current antidotal regimens for organophosphate poisoning consisting of a post-exposure therapy with anticholinergics such as atropine, acetylcholinesterase reactivators (oximes), benzodiazepines have some limitations. Therefore, effective prophylaxis before intoxication is of a special interest. Four fundamental prophylactic methods are: (i) protection of acetylcholinesterase against irreversible inhibition by organophosphates using different reversible inhibitors, (ii) protection against neurotoxic effect of organophosphates using benzodiazepines, memantine, NMDA receptor blockers, (iii) administration of cholinesterase preparations of different sources (sometimes commercially available at present) acting as bioscavengers, and (iv) gene therapy being a new treatment modality under intensive research using enzymes hydrolysing/splitting organophosphates with the aim to eliminate toxic agent before it is transported to the target organs.