gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sampling, monitoring and forecasting. (2000)

A good understanding of sampling theory is essential for research on insect monitoring as well as every other component of insect pest management. This chapter provides both a basic framework of information on sampling, monitoring and forecasting, and an insight into some of the problems confronting scientists working in this field. Case studies are presented, dealing with the effect of trap spacing on trap catch of Erioischia brassicae [Delia radicum]; a pheromone trap capture threshold of pink bollworm moths (Pectinophora gossypiella) in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum); forecasting the time of emergence of sheep blowfly (Lucilia sericata); pheromone trap catches of male pink bollworm (P. gossypiella) and cotton boll infestation in Barbados; and short-term forecasting of peak population density of the grain aphid (Sitobion avenae) on wheat.
The human growth hormone gene is negatively regulated by triiodothyronine when transfected into rat pituitary tumor cells. (1986)

Human growth hormone (hGH) gene expression and regulation by thyroid and glucocorticoid hormones were examined after its stable introduction into rat anterior pituitary tumor cells. Transcripts from the hGH gene were correctly initiated and could be positively regulated by glucocorticoids. In contrast to the endogenous rat GH gene and a transfected, modified rat GH gene, the hGH gene was negatively regulated by triiodothyronine. Analysis of hGH gene 5'-flanking deletions indicated that a distal regulatory element is required for efficient transcription. Thus promoter, glucocorticoid, and thyroid hormone control elements are present on the transfected hGH gene, whose expression may be negatively controlled by thyroid hormone.
Involvement of p38 MAPK in the up‐regulation of tissue factor on endothelial cells by antiphospholipid antibodies (2005)

Our data show that aPL induces significant increases in TF transcription, function, and expression, in IL-6 and IL-8 up-regulation, and in iNOS expression on HUVECs and that these processes involve phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and activation of NF-kappaB. Understanding intracellular events in aPL-mediated EC activation may help in designing new targeted therapies for thrombosis in APS.
Measurement of DNA copy number at microsatellite loci using quantitative PCR analysis. (2000)

This report describes the development and validation of quantitative microsatellite analysis (QuMA) for rapid measurement of relative DNA sequence copy number. In QuMA, the copy number of a test locus relative to a pooled reference is assessed using quantitative, real-time PCR amplification of loci carrying simple sequence repeats. Use of simple sequence repeats is advantageous because of the large numbers that are mapped precisely. In addition, all markers are informative because QuMA does not require that they be polymorphic. The utility of QuMA is demonstrated in assessment of the extent of deletions of chromosome 2 in leukemias arising in radiation-sensitive inbred SJL mice and in analysis of the association of increased copy number of the putative oncogene ZNF217 with reduced survival duration in ovarian cancer patients.
Targeted viral delivery of Cre recombinase induces conditional gene deletion in cardiovascular circuits of the mouse brain (2004)

The Cre/loxP system has shown promise for investigating genes involved in nervous system function and pathology, although its application for studying central neural regulation of cardiovascular function and disease has not been explored. Here, we report for the first time that recombination of loxP-flanked genes can be achieved in discrete cardiovascular regulatory nuclei of adult mouse brain using targeted delivery of adenovirus (Ad) or feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) bearing Cre recombinase (Ad-Cre, FIV-Cre). Single stereotaxic microinjections of Ad-Cre or FIV-Cre into specific nuclei along the subfornical organ-hypothalamic-hypophysial and brain stem-parabrachial axes resulted in robust and highly localized gene deletion as early as 7 days and for as long as 3 wk in a reporter mouse model in which Cre recombinase activates beta-galactosidase expression. An even greater selectivity in Cre-mediated gene deletion could be achieved in unique subpopulations of cells, such as vasopressin-synthesizing magnocellular neurons, by delivering Ad-Cre via retrograde transport. Moreover, Ad-Cre and FIV-Cre induced gene recombination in differential cell populations within these cardiovascular nuclei. FIV-Cre infection resulted in LacZ activation selectively in neurons, whereas both neuronal and glial cell types underwent gene recombination upon infection with Ad-Cre. These results establish the feasibility of using a combination of viral and Cre/loxP technologies to target specific cardiovascular nuclei in the brain for conditional gene modification and suggest the potential of this approach for determining the functional role of genes within these sites.
Full characterization of RF compressed femtosecond electron pulses using ponderomotive scattering (2012)

High bunch charge, femtosecond, electron pulses were generated using a 95 kV electron gun with an S-band RF rebunching cavity. Laser ponderomotive scattering in a counter-propagating beam geometry is shown to provide high sensitivity with the prerequisite spatial and temporal resolution to fully characterize, in situ, both the temporal profile of the electron pulses and RF time timing jitter. With the current beam parameters, we determined a temporal Instrument Response Function (IRF) of 430 fs FWHM. The overall performance of our system is illustrated through the high-quality diffraction data obtained for the measurement of the electron-phonon relaxation dynamics for Si (001).
Development and Scale up of Preparative HIC for the Purification of a Recombinant Therapeutic Protein (2005)

Abstract In the biopharmaceutical industry, process development has to overcome the paradox between increasing demands on product quality and aggressive overall development time lines. Streamlining development and scale‐up has become a requirement in order to cope with these constraints. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) has gained popularity as an efficient tool in downstream process development, which represents an orthogonal method compared to other widely used chromatography principles. Thus, host cell protein (HCP) removal combined with the separation of product variants based on subtle differences in hydrophobicity are major strengths of this separation technique. The development and scale‐up of a preparative HIC step for a therapeutic protein for human use is described. Issues like the removal of product‐ and process‐related impurities have been addressed. The direct transferability of the results, from scale‐down optimization experiments via the pilot scale to the final production scale, clearly show the robustness and power of HIC in this process context.
Effect of MTP-PE liposomes and interleukin-7 on induction of antibody and cell-mediated immune responses to a recombinant HIV-envelope protein. (1994)

We investigated the ability of human recombinant interleukin-7 (IL-7) to enhance the immune responses of mice vaccinated with either the alum-associated or liposome-formulated recombinant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-envelope protein, env-2-3SF2 (a nonglycosylated denatured gp 120 of HIV-1SF2 produced in genetically engineered yeast). Pathogen-free (C3H) mice were vaccinated on days 0, 14, and 28 with 10 micrograms of either the alum-associated env-2-3SF2 or liposome-formulated env-2-3SF2, both containing a lipophylic muramyl tripeptide, MTP-PE. Liposome-formulated IL-7 (5 micrograms/mouse) or empty liposomes were given on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. Antibody response against the immunized antigen, evaluated on day 21 and day 35 or 42, showed that liposome-formulated antigen induced higher antibody titer than did alum-associated antigen, and these antibody responses can be enhanced by concurrent administration of IL-7 liposomes. Spleen cells were harvested on day 21 and day 35 or 42 to evaluate cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses directed against autologous cells infected with vaccinia virus-expressing HIV-envelope protein. Mice treated with liposome-formulated antigen expressed the highest cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (CTL) activity, regardless of whether IL-7 liposome was given as an immune potentiator. In contrast, spleen cells from mice vaccinated with alum-associated antigen exhibited minimal CTL response, which was enhanced by concurrent IL-7 liposome treatment. Collectively, IL-7 liposome treatment enhanced the antibody production of the alum-associated or liposome-formulated env-2-3SF2, whereas its enhancement of CTL activity was detected only in mice vaccinated with alum-associated antigen.
5‐HT activates neural reflexes regulating secretion in the guinea‐pig colon (1997)

The role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in neural reflexes regulating secretion was examined in muscle-stripped segments of guinea-pig colon set up in modified flux chambers. A 15-microL pulse of 5-HT (100 microM) to the mucosal bath (1.5 mL), which was continuously perfused, evoked an increase in short-circuit current (Isc). The 5-HT-induced increase in Isc was inhibited by tetrodotoxin, N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptophyl-5-hydroxytryptophan amide (5-HTP-DP), GR82334 and atropine, but not by tropisetron. 5-HTP-DP reduced the response to a 5-HT pulse over the concentration range of 1 nM to 1 microM. The Isc response to a 5-HT pulse was unaffected by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, piroxicam. This contrasted with a reduction in the Isc response to mucosal stroking with a brush by piroxicam. The results suggest that a 5-HT pulse, like mucosal stroking, activates a secretory reflex that includes tachykinin and cholinergic neurons but, unlike mucosal stroking, does not release prostaglandins.
Detecting low level sequence variants in recombinant monoclonal antibodies (2010)

A systematic analytical approach combining tryptic and chymotryptic peptide mapping with a Mascot Error Tolerant Search (ETS) has been developed to detect and identify low level protein sequence variants, i.e., amino acid substitutions, in recombinant monoclonal antibodies. The reversed-phase HPLC separation with ultraviolet (UV) detection and mass spectral acquisition parameters of the peptide mapping methods were optimized by using a series of model samples that contained low levels (0.5-5.0%) of recombinant humanized anti-HER2 antibody (rhumAb HER2) along with another unrelated recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody (rhumAb A). This systematic approach's application in protein sequence variant analysis depends upon time and sensitivity constraints. An example of using this approach as a rapid screening assay is described in the first case study. For stable CHO clone selection for an early stage antibody project, comparison of peptide map UV profiles from the top four clone-derived rhumAb B samples quickly detected two sequence variants (M83R at 5% and P274T at 42% protein levels) from two clones among the four. The second case study described in this work demonstrates how this approach can be applied to late stage antibody projects. A sequence variant, L413Q, present at 0.3% relative to the expected sequence of rhumAb C was identified by a Mascot-ETS for one out of four top producers. The incorporation of this systematic sequence variant analysis into clone selection and the peptide mapping procedure described herein have practical applications for the biotechnology industry, including possible detection of polymorphisms in endogenous proteins.
Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infections in infants and young children (1987)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-infected cotton rats (Sigmadon hispidus) and owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus) showed significant reductions in RSV shedding from their respiratory tracts following parenteral therapy with human intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) containing high titers of RSV-neutralizing antibody. Because this therapy was well tolerated and appeared safe, a double-blind, placebo-controlled IVIG immunotherapy pilot study was performed on 35 hospitalized, RSV-infected infants and children. The treatment was well tolerated and resulted in significant reductions in nasal RSV shedding and in improvements in transcutaneous oximetry readings. However, the mean duration of hospitalization was not reduced by IVIG treatment. Followup to date has revealed no harmful effects resulting from immunotherapy of RSV infections. These studies appear to refute the hypothesis that passively acquired antibody may exacerbate RSV bronchiolitis or pneumonia in infants. Studies with larger numbers of seriously ill children will be required to determine if immunoglobulin G immunotherapy of RSV infections in infants is of clinical value.
Abstract 584: Identification of mutations in HSV-1 envelope glycoprotein B that enhance retargeted infection (2010)

Abstract Conditionally-replicating herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) vectors, including mutants deleted for the neurovirulence factor ICP34.5 currently in clinical trials, are promising agents for oncolytic virotherapy. As an alternative strategy to accomplish cytocidal HSV replication exclusively in cancer cells, we have designed modified viral envelope glycoproteins to limit virus entry uniquely to EGF receptor (EGFR)-bearing cells. HSV-1 entry is initiated by the interaction of glycoprotein D (gD) with one of its receptors, herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) or nectin-1. Receptor binding results in a conformational change in gD triggering activation of gB and gH as the effectors of fusion between the viral envelope and cell membranes. To target virus entry solely to EGFR-expressing cells, we mutated or deleted gD residues essential for binding to the natural entry receptors and inserted an EGFR-specific single-chain antibody (scFv). Although ablation of virus entry through HVEM and nectin-1 was successful, entry through the EGFR was detectable but inefficient. To address this flaw, we carried out in vitro evolution experiments to isolate gain-of-function mutations that could compensate for defective gD-receptor interactions. We passaged a nectin-1-binding impaired HSV-1 mutant repeatedly through cells expressing a gD-binding impaired nectin-1 until visible plaques appeared. Plaque purification and sequence analysis revealed that each isolate contained the same double mutation in gB. We transferred the gB double mutation into wild-type virus and observed entry into cells that are normally resistant to HSV infection due to the absence of authentic gD receptors. In addition, we found that the mutant-gB virus was capable of entering cells through nectins other than nectin-1, and that entry into nectin-1-bearing cells was markedly accelerated compared to wild-type virus. We combined the gB double mutation with the EGFR-retargeted gD allele and found that this combination yielded increased entry into target cells without raising off-target infection. We are currently expanding this strategy to target other cancer-specific cell-surface markers. By enhancing the efficiency of retargeted infection, the gB double mutation is likely to reduce the need for strong mutations in current oncolytic vectors that not only prevent virus replication in normal cells, but also diminish replication in tumor cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 584.
Inhibition of tubulin-microtubule polymerization by drugs of the Vinca alkaloid class. (1976)

A series of Vinca alkaloids were found to block polymerization of crude tubulin extracts of porcine brain in a dose-dependent manner. This appears to be a specific effect occurring at low concentrations of drug. The concentration of vinblastine that prevents polymerization by 50% was 4.3 x 10(-7) mole/liter for a tubulin concentration of 3.0 mg/ml, and this concentration is consistent with levels achieved in vivo following routine pharmacological doses in humans.
Venezenin: A New Bioactive Annonaceous Acetogenin from the Bark of Xylopia aromatica (1995)

Asimicin and a new cytotoxic Annonaceous acetogenin, venezenin [1], were isolated from the bark of Xylopia aromatica by bioactivity-directed fractionation using lethality to brine shrimp. Compound 1 represents an unusual type of C37 Annonaceous acetogenin, lacking either tetrahydrofuran (THF) or epoxide rings and possessing a double bond located two methylenes away from a vicinal diol in the hydrocarbon chain. The structure of 1 was elucidated by 1H- and 13C-nmr, COSY, single-relayed COSY, and by HMBC techniques, and derivatization. Annomontacin 10-one [6] and 18/21-cis-annomontacin-10-one [7], two semi-synthetic mono-THF acetogenins were prepared from 1. These acetogenins showed cytotoxicity, comparable or superior to adriamycin, against three human solid tumor cell lines. Reduction of the 10-keto of 1 to the racemic OH-10 derivative enhanced the bioactivity, as did the conversion of 1 to 6 and 7. Venezenin [1], like other Annonaceous acetogenins, showed inhibition of oxygen uptake by rat liver mitochondria and demonstrated that the THF ring may not be essential to this mode of action.
Characterization of an orange acceptor fluorescent protein for sensitized spectral fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy using a white-light laser (2009)

Orange fluorescent proteins (FPs) are attractive candidates as Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) partners, bridging the gap between green and red/far-red FPs, but they pose significant challenges using common fixed laser wavelengths. We investigated monomeric Kusabira orange 2 (mKO2) FP as a FRET acceptor for monomeric teal FP (mTFP) as donor on a FRET standard construct using a fixed-distance amino acid linker, expressed in live cells. We quantified the apparent FRET efficiency (E%) of this construct, using sensitized spectral FRET microscopy on the Leica TCS SP5 X imaging system equipped with a white-light laser that allows choosing any excitation wavelength from 470 to 670 nm in 1-nm increments. The E% obtained in sensitized spectral FRET microscopy was then confirmed with fluorescence lifetime measurements. Our results demonstrate that mKO2 and mTFP are good FRET partners given proper imaging setups. mTFP was optimally excited by the Argon 458 laser line, and the 540-nm wavelength excitation for mKO2 was chosen from the white-light laser. The white-light laser generally extends the usage of orange and red/far-red FPs in sensitized FRET microscopy assays by tailoring excitation and emission precisely to the needs of the FRET pair.
One-Step Enzymatic Modification of the Cell Surface Redirects Cellular Cytotoxicity and Parasite Tropism (2014)

Surface display of engineered proteins has many useful applications. The expression of a synthetic chimeric antigen receptor composed of an extracellular tumor-specific antibody fragment linked to a cytosolic activating motif in engineered T cells is now considered a viable approach for the treatment of leukemias. The risk of de novo tumor development, inherent in the transfer of genetically engineered cells, calls for alternative approaches for the functionalization of the lymphocyte plasma membrane. We demonstrate the conjugation of LPXTG-tagged probes and LPXTG-bearing proteins to endogenous acceptors at the plasma membrane in a single step using sortase A. We successfully conjugated biotin probes not only to mouse hematopoietic cells but also to yeast cells, 293T cells, and Toxoplasma gondii. Installation of single domain antibodies on activated CD8 T cell redirects cell-specific cytotoxicity to cells that bear the relevant antigen. Likewise, conjugation of Toxoplasma gondii with single domain antibodies targets the pathogen to cells that express the antigen recognized by these single domain antibodies. This simple and robust enzymatic approach enables engineering of the plasma membrane for research or therapy under physiological reaction conditions that ensure the viability of the modified cells.
Muscle-Directed Gene Transfer and Transient Immune Suppression Result in Sustained Partial Correction of Canine Hemophilia B Caused by a Null Mutation (2001)

The X-linked bleeding disorder hemophilia B is caused by absence of functional blood coagulation factor IX (F9) and can be treated by adeno-associated viral (AAV) mediated gene transfer to skeletal muscle. The safety of this approach is currently being evaluated in a phase I clinical trial. Efficacy of this and several other gene therapy strategies has been addressed in hemophilia B dogs, an important preclinical model of the disease. While previously published data demonstrated sustained expression of canine F9 in dogs with a missense mutation in the gene F9, we show here that AAV-mediated canine F9 gene transfer to skeletal muscle of hemophilia B dogs carrying a null mutation of F9 (causing an early stop codon and an unstable mRNA) results in induction of inhibitory anti-canine F9 at comparable vector doses (1 x 10(12) vector genomes/kg). Thus, the risk of inhibitor formation following AAV-mediated F9 gene therapy may be influenced by the nature of the underlying mutation in F9. Transient immune suppression with cyclophosphamide at the time of vector administration blocked formation of anti-canine F9 antibodies in the one animal treated with this approach. Treatment with this combination of gene transfer and transient immune modulation has resulted in sustained expression (>8 months) of canine F9 at levels sufficient for partial correction of coagulation parameters.
A Facile Synthesis of Asymmetric Hybrid Colloidal Particles (2009)

This paper describes a simple approach to the synthesis of asymmetric, hybrid colloidal particles by precipitation polymerization. The key is to introduce Au or Ag colloids 2 min after (rather than before) starting the polymerization. The hybrid particles were uniform in size, and each one of them only contained one Au (or Ag) nanoparticle in its surface. Due to the simplicity of this procedure, it should be possible to use it for large-scale production. This method can be extended to metal nanoparticles other than Au and Ag and with a range of sizes, as long as they have appropriate stabilizers on the surface.
Improvements in oligodeoxyribonucleotide synthesis: methyl N,N-dialkylphosphoramidite dimer units for solid support phosphite methodology (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImprovements in oligodeoxyribonucleotide synthesis: methyl N,N-dialkylphosphoramidite dimer units for solid support phosphite methodologyG. Kumar and M. S. PoonianCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 25, 4905–4912Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00199a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00199a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views311Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts