gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Augmenting the immunogenicity of synthetic MUC1 peptide vaccines in mice. (1996)

Human mucin MUC1 is abundantly expressed in some cancers of epithelia] origin and is largely restricted to the apical surface of secretory cells in normal tissues. It is, therefore, a potential target for cancer immunotherapy. In preparation for clinical trials, vaccines containing synthetic MUC1 peptides of different lengths and sequences mixed with various adjuvants or covalently attached, using different linker methods, to protein carrier keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) were studied in mice. MUC1 peptides (containing 30 amino acids), plus adjuvants QS-21 or Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, were incapable of inducing antibody. However, MUC1 peptides conjugated to KLH (MUCl-KLH), plus QS-21, induced high titer antibody against the immunizing peptides and against MUC1-expressing tumor cells. Although T-cell responses, including delayed-type hypersensitivity, lymphocyte proliferation, and CTL, were not observed in mice immunized with these vaccines, significant protection from MUC1-expressing tumor cell challenge in mice immunized with MUC1-KLH was observed. Based on these studies, a vaccine containing MUC1-KLH conjugate prepared with m-maleimidobenzoyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester linker, plus QS-21, has been constructed for testing in clinical trials.
Conformational energies and the random-coil dimensions and dipole moments of the polyoxides CH3O[(CH2)yO]xCH3 (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConformational energies and the random-coil dimensions and dipole moments of the polyoxides CH3O[(CH2)yO]xCH3Akihiro Abe and James E. MarkCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 21, 6468–6476Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00437a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00437a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views291Altmetric-Citations162LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Two-Dimensional Colloid Crystals Obtained by Coupling of Flow and Confinement (2003)

This Letter describes the generation of 2D colloidal lattices in microchannels by coupling the laminar flow of dispersions of spherical colloids and geometrical confinement. We describe a nonequilibrium, convective, mechanism leading to formation of ordered 2D structures of both closed-packed hexagonal and non-closed-packed rhombic symmetries. The number and types of possible lattices is determined by the ratio of the width of the channel to the diameter of the particle. The structures tend to return to a regular lattice after a defect is introduced; that is, for example, they tend to self-repair disorder induced by particle polydispersity, contaminants, and flow instabilities. The stability of different lattices is analyzed numerically for particles with different polydispersity.
Propionyl‐coenzyme A synthetases of Ralstonia solanacearum and Salmonella choleraesuis display atypical kinetics (2003)

Propionyl-coenzyme A synthetases (PrpE) of Salmonella choleraesuis and Ralstonia solanacearum sharing 62% identity in amino acid sequence to each other were cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Both enzymes catalyzed acetyl-, propionyl-, butyryl- and acrylyl-coenzyme A formation with the highest k(cat)/K(m) values for propionate. They displayed sigmoidal homotrophic autoactivation kinetics for propionate but not for the other acyl substrates tested. Besides, substrate inhibition kinetics was observed for co-substrates, i.e. ATP and CoA. Based on the kinetic data reported herein, the reaction mechanisms of the enzyme are discussed.
Machine perfusion of the liver: past, present and future (2010)

Despite recent substantial improvements, liver preservation by machine perfusion remains limited and in contrast to the global revival of kidney machine perfusion. However, liver machine perfusion may be close to returning to clinical practice if it has not already done so. History shows that superiority alone does not guarantee immediate clinical use. Further clear-cut benefits of machine perfusion such as viability assessment will have to be accompanied by usability and human factors, and innovative and improved perfusion solutions applied in novel perfusion protocols.
Spot 14 Protein-Protein Interactions: Evidence for Both Homo- and Heterodimer Formation in Vivo (1997)

Spot 14 (S14) is a nuclear protein that is abundant only in lipogenic tissues (liver, adipose, lactating mammary), where its expression is rapidly regulated by hormones and dietary constituents. We recently showed that S14 acts at the transcriptional level in the transduction of signals for increased expression of genes encoding lipogenic enzymes. To better understand the mechanism of the regulation of gene transcription by S14, we employed a yeast two-hybrid system to identify hepatic proteins that physically interact with S14. We found that S14 has a strong propensity for homodimerization, as is the case for many transcription factors. Relevance of this finding to mammalian cells was established by transient cotransfection of S14 constructs bearing two different epitope tags. Glutathione-S-transferase-S14 and hemagglutinin-S14 fusions copurified from the transfected cells by glutathione-affinity chromatography, indicating their association in vivo. Analysis of S14 deletion mutants in the yeast system showed that an evolutionarily conserved hydrophobic heptad repeat (zipper) near the carboxyl terminus was necessary for homodimerization. In parallel studies, we observed a 36-kDa protein that specifically coimmunoprecipitated with S14 from extracts of radiolabeled rat hepatocytes. We propose that S14 is an acidic transcriptional activator that acts as a homodimer to modulate gene expression as a component of a tripartite complex with a 36-kDa hepatic protein.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON AUTOXIDATION‐ PART IV. SYNTHESIS OF ISOMERIC 2,3‐DIOLS OF OLEAN‐12‐EN‐28‐OATE AND ISOHOPANE (MORETANE) (1977)

Abstract Methyloleanoat (I) liefert bei der Autoxidation (II), das zum Produkt (III) reduziert werden kann.
Highly Sour Gas Processing: H2S Bulk Removal With the Sprex Process (2005)

For decades to come, gas will be the energy source of choice to meet increasing energy demand. Gas and oil operators, which have always preferentially produced the gas from those reservoirs technically the easiest to develop, are now having to produce more and more reservoirs with a high H2S content in the gas in order to meet the world's increasing demand for natural gas. Effectively, 40% of the world's gas reserves currently identified as remaining to be produced, representing over 2 600 Tcf, are sour, and more than 350 Tcf contain H2S in excess of 10%. Acid gas cycling and/or disposal by reinjection offer a promising alternative to avoid sulphur production and reduce CO2 emissions to the atmosphere when producing large very sour gas reserves. Total, Institut FranÃ§ais du PÃ©trole (IFP) and its fully owned subsidiary Prosernat have developed a cryogenic process for bulk H2S removal from very sour gases, the SPREX® process. This process allows substantial CAPEX and OPEX savings when the separated acid gases are reinjected. A demonstration pilot plant was built and installed late in 2004 at the Lacq sour gas plant, South West France, and started-up in April 2005. The paper describes the principles and economics of the combination of the SPREX® and amine sweetening integrated with acid gas reinjection, based on figures developed for a very sour gas field such as those encountered in some areas of the Middle East. The results of the very first months of operation of the demonstration unit in the treatment of a sour gas with 15–18% H2S are also presented and discussed. Economic and environmental constraints involved in the production of highly sour gas fields The production of highly sour gas reserves has to overcome two major constraints. The first is economic and related to the sale of sulfur, a sub-product of sour gas. Where sulfur formerly represented a substantial part of the revenues drawn from the production of sour natural gases, it is no longer of any economic interest in many areas today: the world sulfur market is globally saturated and practically all experts consider that this situation is set to continue as the supply of sulfur, mainly obtained from the extraction of H2S from sour natural gases or sour crudes, has exceeded the demand, essentially from the fertilizer industry.
A survey of packet loss recovery techniques for streaming audio (1998)

We survey a number of packet loss recovery techniques for streaming audio applications operating using IP multicast. We begin with a discussion of the loss and delay characteristics of an IP multicast channel, and from this show the need for packet loss recovery. Recovery techniques may be divided into two classes: sender- and receiver-based. We compare and contrast several sender-based recovery schemes: forward error correction (both media-specific and media-independent), interleaving, and retransmission. In addition, a number of error concealment schemes are discussed. We conclude with a series of recommendations for repair schemes to be used based on application requirements and network conditions.
Multidrug resistance and pharmacological protection mediated by the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2). (2002)

Over the past 15 years it has become clear that drug exporters of the ABC [3][1] family ([1][2]) can both confer MDR to cancer cells and mediate extensive protection of intact organisms against the toxic action of (anticancer) drugs and toxins. The P-gp, MRP1, and MRP2 transporters have all been
HEMOLYSIS MINIMIZATION USING CFD-BASED DESIGN TECHNOLOGY (2004)

PURPOSE: The biomedical significance of CFD-based design technology is demonstrated by minimizing blood damage in an axisymmetric stenotic geometry via automated geometry shape optimization. METHODS: A predictive numerical model of shear-induced hemolysis was integrated into a CFD-based design optimization strategy. The blood damage index of the hemolysis model was used as the measure of merit to automatically drive the geometry shape toward lower hemolytic states. Polycarbonate prototypes of the initial, 3 intermediate, and final optimized stenotic shapes were fabricated and laboratory tested in bovine blood to determine their respective rates of hemolysis generation. RESULTS: For all of the physical prototypes, both qualitative trends and quantitative magnitudes of hemolysis generation were well matched between the experiments and CFD predictions. During the optimization process, the stenotic geometry underwent substantial shape changes, and the damaging aspects of the flow field were dramatically reduced. The final optimized design produced remarkably clean, atraumatic fluid dynamics. CONCLUSIONS: This work is the first known, rigorous use of a numerical model of blood damage to automatically drive a biomedical device toward experimentally verified lower hemolytic states.
Efficient pattern matching over event streams (2008)

Pattern matching over event streams is increasingly being employed in many areas including financial services, RFIDbased inventory management, click stream analysis, and electronic health systems. While regular expression matching is well studied, pattern matching over streams presents two new challenges: Languages for pattern matching over streams are significantly richer than languages for regular expression matching. Furthermore, efficient evaluation of these pattern queries over streams requires new algorithms and optimizations: the conventional wisdom for stream query processing (i.e., using selection-join-aggregation) is inadequate.
Solubility of Total Reduced Sulfurs (Hydrogen Sulfide, Methyl Mercaptan, Dimethyl Sulfide, and Dimethyl Disulfide) in Liquids (2006)

The solubility of the total reduced sulfurs, which include hydrogen sulfide (H2S), methyl mercaptan (methanethiol, CH3SH), dimethyl sulfide (CH3SCH3), and dimethyl disulfide (CH3S2CH3), is of great interest in various applications in the chemical, oil, and gas industries and in environmental protection as well. They can occur naturally in the environment and can also be present in numerous industrial gaseous streams (petroleum, natural gas, some chemical industries like the pulp and paper industry). The aim of this review is to update different aspects concerning the solubility data of these compounds in various liquids, which are essential for the design and operation of absorption scrubbing equipment and/or of interest in many technical areas (e.g., the petroleum and natural gas industry). The review deals with the compound's characterization in direct connection with their source and a survey of relevant existing experimental data including (i) all data concerning the solubility of methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide, and dimethyl disulfide published generally before January 2006 as well as (ii) data concerning the solubility of hydrogen sulfide published generally after January 1987. The liquids include water, aqueous electrolyte solutions, nonaqueous solvents, and alkanolamines. Both pure compounds and mixtures are considered.
Design considerations for direct-conversion receivers (1997)

This paper describes the issues and tradeoffs in the design and monolithic implementation of direct-conversion receivers and proposes circuit techniques that can alleviate the drawbacks of this architecture. Following a brief study of heterodyne and image-reject topologies, the direct-conversion architecture is introduced and effects such as dc offset, I/Q mismatch, even-order distortion, flicker noise, and oscillator leakage are analyzed. Related design techniques for amplification and mixing, quadrature phase calibration, and baseband processing are also described.
Fused mesoionic heterocycles: synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine and 1,3,4-thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine derivatives (1982)

Two general methods are reported for the preparation of mesoionic derivatives of 1,3,4-oxadiazolo[3,2-a] pyridine and 1,3,4-thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine from 1-amino-4,6-diphenyl-2-pyridone (3) and 1-amino-4,6-diphenylpyridine-2-thione (4), respectively. The first involves the initial formation of N,N′-disubstituted ureas or thioureas (7)–(11), which undergo cyclization either by thermal treatment [to give (14) and (15)] or by the action of Ph3P–CCl4[to give (16)–(20)]. The second is based in the reaction of the iminophosphoranes (12) and (13) with carbon dioxide or carbon disulphide and isocyanates or isothiocyanates to give 2-olates [(14) and (15)], 2-thiolates [(21) and (22)], or 2-aminides [(16)-(20)]. The reactions of the N-amino-heterocycle (4) with phenyl isothiocyanate and ethoxycarbonyl isothiocyanate led directly to the mesoionic compounds (19) and (20), respectively.
Mechanisms of Chemotherapy Resistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer—How We Can Rise to the Challenge (2019)

Triple-negative (TNBC) is the most lethal subtype of breast cancer owing to high heterogeneity, aggressive nature, and lack of treatment options. Chemotherapy remains the standard of care for TNBC treatment, but unfortunately, patients frequently develop resistance. Accordingly, in recent years, tremendous effort has been made into elucidating the mechanisms of TNBC chemoresistance with the goal of identifying new molecular targets. It has become evident that the development of TNBC chemoresistance is multifaceted and based on the elaborate interplay of the tumor microenvironment, drug efflux, cancer stem cells, and bulk tumor cells. Alterations of multiple signaling pathways govern these interactions. Moreover, TNBC's high heterogeneity, highlighted in the existence of several molecular signatures, presents a significant obstacle to successful treatment. In the present, in-depth review, we explore the contribution of key mechanisms to TNBC chemoresistance as well as emerging strategies to overcome them. We discuss novel anti-tumor agents that target the components of these mechanisms and pay special attention to their current clinical development while emphasizing the challenges still ahead of successful TNBC management. The evidence presented in this review outlines the role of crucial pathways in TNBC survival following chemotherapy treatment and highlights the importance of using combinatorial drug strategies and incorporating biomarkers in clinical studies.
Evolutionary paths in imaging and recent trends (2003)

An examination of recent trends in imaging reveals a movement toward systems that balance processing between optics and electronics. Imaging applications include conventional imaging to produce visually pleasing images, special purpose imaging whose output is also an image but with enhanced characteristics, and functional imaging to produce information about a scene from optical data. We identify three approaches to computational imaging that are capable of achieving these goals: wavefront encoding, multiplex imaging, and feature extraction.
Large-Artery Welding With a Milliwatt Carbon Dioxide Laser (1987)

Microvascular laser welding can be effectively used in large-diameter artery techniques. The carotid arteries of 12 anesthetized mongrel dogs were exposed. Following heparinization, the carotid arteries were transected, cleaned along their edges, and repaired on the right side by laser and on the left side by suture. The laser-assisted vascular anastomosis (LAVA) required four stay sutures and laser power for welding. Six-week patency for LAVA vs suture anastomosis was 100% vs 92%, respectively. Anastomotic time requirements were less with LAVA (seven vs 25 minutes). Intimal healing for both techniques immediately demonstrated an intraluminal thrombus, which resolved showing complete endothelial repair by four weeks. The laser seal demonstrated little inflammation compared with the giant cell reaction of suture anastomosis. Immediate wall tensions of 6 to 18 X 10(5) dynes/cm2 were tolerated after both techniques. Laser-assisted vascular anastomosis of large-diameter arteries is feasible, strong, and associated with minimal inflammation.
Requirements for Heterologous Production of a Complex Metalloenzyme: the Membrane-Bound [NiFe] Hydrogenase (2005)

By taking advantage of the tightly clustered genes for the membrane-bound [NiFe] hydrogenase of Ralstonia eutropha H16, broad-host-range recombinant plasmids were constructed carrying the entire membrane-bound hydrogenase (MBH) operon encompassing 21 genes. We demonstrate that the complex MBH biosynthetic apparatus is actively produced in hydrogenase-free hosts yielding fully assembled and functional MBH protein.
Procedures for Converting Systematic Names of Organic Compounds into Atom-Bond Connection Tables (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProcedures for Converting Systematic Names of Organic Compounds into Atom-Bond Connection TablesG. G. Vander Stouw, I. Naznitsky, and James E. RushCite this: J. Chem. Doc. 1967, 7, 3, 165–169Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/c160026a009https://doi.org/10.1021/c160026a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Efficientin vitrosynthesis of biologically active RNA and RNA hybridization probes from plasmids containing a bacteriophage SP6 promoter (1984)

A simple and efficient method for synthesizing pure single stranded RNAs of virtually any structure is described. This in vitro transcription system is based on the unusually specific RNA synthesis by bacteriophage SP6 RNA polymerase which initiates transcription exclusively at an SP6 promoter. We have constructed convenient cloning vectors that contain an SP6 promoter immediately upstream from a polylinker sequence. Using these SP6 vectors, optimal conditions have been established for in vitro RNA synthesis. The advantages and uses of SP6 derived RNAs as probes for nucleic acid blot and solution hybridizations are demonstrated. We show that single stranded RNA probes of a high specific activity are easy to prepare and can significantly increase the sensitivity of nucleic acid hybridization methods. Furthermore, the SP6 transcription system can be used to prepare RNA substrates for studies on RNA processing (1,5,9) and translation (see accompanying paper).