gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Giant magnetostriction in annealed Co1−xFex thin-films (2011)

Chemical and structural heterogeneity and the resulting interaction of coexisting phases can lead to extraordinary behaviours in oxides, as observed in piezoelectric materials at morphotropic phase boundaries and relaxor ferroelectrics. However, such phenomena are rare in metallic alloys. Here we show that, by tuning the presence of structural heterogeneity in textured Co(1-x)Fe(x) thin films, effective magnetostriction λ(eff) as large as 260 p.p.m. can be achieved at low-saturation field of ~10 mT. Assuming λ(100) is the dominant component, this number translates to an upper limit of magnetostriction of λ(100)≈5λ(eff) >1,000 p.p.m. Microstructural analyses of Co(1-x)Fe(x) films indicate that maximal magnetostriction occurs at compositions near the (fcc+bcc)/bcc phase boundary and originates from precipitation of an equilibrium Co-rich fcc phase embedded in a Fe-rich bcc matrix. The results indicate that the recently proposed heterogeneous magnetostriction mechanism can be used to guide exploration of compounds with unusual magnetoelastic properties.
Nonsteroidal Dissociated Glucocorticoid Agonists Containing Azaindoles as Steroid A-Ring Mimetics (2010)

Syntheses and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of nonsteroidal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonists are described. These compounds contain azaindole moieties as A-ring mimetics and display various degrees of in vitro dissociation between gene transrepression and transactivation. Collagen induced arthritis studies in mouse have demonstrated that in vitro dissociated compounds (R)-16 and (R)-37 have steroid-like anti-inflammatory properties with improved metabolic side effect profiles, such as a reduced increase in body fat and serum insulin levels, compared to steroids.
Urokinase and urokinase receptor: A paracrine/autocrine system regulating cell migration and invasiveness (1993)

Urokinase and its receptor are essential components of the cell migration machinery, providing an inducible, transient and localized cell surface proteolytic activity. This activity has been shown to be required in normal and pathological forms of cellular invasiveness (i.e. in several embryonic developmental processes, during inflammatory responses and cancer metastasis and spreading). It represents one of the best known of the proteolytic systems which are currently under investigation in this field. The urokinase receptor allows a continuous regulation of the proteolytic activity at cell contacts, utilizing the different localization of urokinase and its inhibitors. The receptor, in fact, in addition to focusing the enzymatic activity at focal and cell-cell contacts, also regulates it by internalizing and degrading only the inhibited form of urokinase. Internalized receptor releases the ligands to the lysosomes and recycles back to surface. In this way, the proteolytically active areas of the cell surface can be continuously monitored for their activity and their location modified. The cell can thus coordinate its migration efforts with a step-wise modification of the proteolytic activity-map of the cell surface. The urokinase cycle can be supported by one individual cell (autocrine) or by two or more cells. In the latter case, complementation and synergism of urokinase and its receptor are found.
Vascular Endothelial Cadherin (VE‐Cadherin): Cloning and Role in Endothelial Cell‐Cell Adhesion (1997)

Despite the fact that VE-cadherin is a "nonclassical" cadherin by structure, it functions as a classic cadherin by imparting to cells the ability to adhere in a calcium-dependent, homophilic manner. On HUVEC it appears to play a role in maintaining monolayer integrity.
An evaluation of wearable information spaces (2002)

2D windows-based interfaces may not be appropriate for wearable computers. We draw on virtual reality techniques to design and evaluate alternative methods for information presentation in a wearable environment. We find that simple body-stabilised displays provide benefits over traditional head-stabilised displays. Users find body-stabilised displays easier to use, more enjoyable and more intuitive, and are able to perform better on a search task. Spatial audio and visual cues further enhance performance.
Flow structure and optical beam propagation in high-Reynolds-number gas-phase shear layers and jets (2001)

We report on the structure of the scalar index-of-refraction field generated by turbulent, gas-phase, incompressible and compressible shear layers and incompressible jets, and on associated beam-propagation aero-optical phenomena. Using simultaneous imaging of the optical-beam distortion and the turbulent-flow index-of-refraction field, wavefront-phase functions were computed for optical beams emerging from the turbulent region in these free-shear flows, in an aero-optical regime producing weak wavefront distortions. Spatial wavefront-phase behaviour is found to be dominated by the large-scale structure of these flows. A simple level-set representation of the index-of-refraction field in high-Reynolds-number, incompressible shear layers is found to provide a good representation of observed wavefront-phase behaviour, indicating that the structure of the unsteady outer boundaries of the turbulent region provides the dominant contributions.
A practical multi-viewer tabletop autostereoscopic display (2010)

This paper introduces a multi-user autostereoscopic tabletop display and its associated real-time rendering methods. Tabletop displays that support both multiple viewers and autostereoscopy have been extremely difficult to construct. Our new system is inspired by the “Random Hole Display” design that modified the pattern of openings in a barrier mounted in front of a flat panel display from thin slits to a dense pattern of tiny, pseudo-randomly placed holes. This allows viewers anywhere in front of the display to see a different subset of the display's native pixels through the random-hole screen. However, a fraction of the visible pixels will be observable by more than a single viewer. Thus the main challenge is handling these “conflicting” pixels, which ideally must show different colors to each viewer. We introduce several solutions to this problem and describe in detail the current method of choice, a combination of color blending and approximate error diffusion, performing in real time in our GPU-based implementation. The easily reproducible design uses a pattern film barrier affixed to the display by means of a transparent polycarbonate layer spacer. We use a commercial optical tracker for viewers' locations and synthesize the appropriate image (or a stereoscopic image pair) for each viewer. The system supports graceful degradation with increasing number of simultaneous views, and graceful improvement as the number of views decreases.
.alpha.,.beta.-Unsaturated hydroxyketones (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT.alpha.,.beta.-Unsaturated hydroxyketonesGeorge G. King and Joseph V. KarabinosCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1968, 13, 4, 565–566Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60039a037https://doi.org/10.1021/je60039a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views65Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cationic Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Reconstituted from Low Density Lipoprotein Components for Delivery of siRNA (2008)

Cationic solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), reconstituted from natural components of protein-free low-density lipoprotein, were used to deliver small interfering RNA (siRNA). The cationic SLN was prepared using a modified solvent-emulsification method. The composition was 45% (w/w) cholesteryl ester, 3% (w/w) triglyceride, 10% (w/w) cholesterol, 14% (w/w) dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), and 28% (w/w) 3beta-[ N-(N',N'-dimethylaminoethane)carbamoyl]-cholesterol (DC-chol). The SLN had a mean diameter of 117+/-12 nm and a surface zeta potential value of +41.76+/-2.63 mV. A reducible conjugate of siRNA and polyethylene glycol (PEG) (siRNA-PEG) was anchored onto the surface of SLN via electrostatic interactions, resulting in stable complexes in buffer solution and in even 10% serum. Under an optimal weight ratio of DC-chol of SLN and siRNA-PEG conjugate, the complexes exhibited higher gene silencing efficiency of GFP and VEGF than that of polyethylenimine (PEI) 25K with showing much reduced cell cytotoxicity. Flow cytometry results also showed that siRNA-PEG/SLN complexes were efficiently taken up by cells. Surface-modified and reconstituted protein-free LDL mimicking SLN could be utilized as noncytotoxic, serum-stable, and highly effective carriers for delivery of siRNA.
The text REtrieval conference (TREC) (1999)

Text retrieval systems have historically been refined through experimentation on test collections. In 1990 NIST was asked to build a very large test collection for use in evaluation of text retrieval technology in the DARPA TIPSTER project. This collection was to be on the order of 1 million full-text documents: a magnitude about 100 times larger than any existing non-proprietary test collection. The following year NIST proposed that this collection be made available to the full research community by the formation of the Text REtrieval Conference (TREC). The first conference took place in September, 1992 with 25 participating groups including most of the leading text retrieval research groups. Although scaling their research algorithms to handle this near-operational amount of text (for 1992) was a Herculean task, groups joined TREC to get the test data and to take part in the first major cross-system search engine evaluation. Participation in TREC has since increased each year. The most recent TREC (TREC-8 held in November, 1999) had 66 participating groups representing 16 different countries.This paper serves as a general introduction to TREC. Detailed information about TREC including the complete Proceedings for each workshop, instructions for obtaining test collections, and the Call for Participation for TREC-9 can be found on the TREC web site at http://trec.nist.gov. Task descriptions for some of the tasks to be done in TREC-9 follow in this issue. To participate in TREC-9, follow the instructions given in the Call for Participation.
Synthetic mimics of biotin/(strept)avidin (2017)

Biotin/(strept)avidin self-assembly is a powerful platform for nanoscale fabrication and capture with many different applications in science, medicine, and nanotechnology. However, biotin/(strept)avidin self-assembly has several well-recognized drawbacks that limit performance in certain technical areas and there is a need for synthetic mimics that can either become superior replacements or operational partners with bio-orthogonal recognition properties. The goal of this tutorial review is to describe the recent progress in making high affinity synthetic association partners that operate in water or biological media. The review starts with a background summary of biotin/(strept)avidin self-assembly and the current design rules for creating synthetic mimics. A series of case studies are presented that describe recent success using synthetic derivatives of cyclodextrins, cucurbiturils, and various organic cyclophanes such as calixarenes, deep cavitands, pillararenes, and tetralactams. In some cases, two complementary partners associate to produce a nanoscale complex and in other cases a ditopic host molecule is used to link two partners. The article concludes with a short discussion of future directions and likely challenges.
Use of 5F Bipolar Electrosurgical Probe in Endoscopic Urological Procedures (1990)

Experimental data have shown bipolar electrodes to function in saline solution with less volume and depth of tissue destruction compared to similar sized monopolar electrodes. We applied the same bipolar generator and electrodes used in laboratory testing in 41 procedures on 36 patients to determine if the bipolar electrode will provide clinically adequate hemostasis. The bipolar electrode was used for bladder fulguration in 37 procedures and ureteral fulguration in 4. The procedures were performed by 7 urological surgeons and in normal saline solution. The bipolar electrode was believed to perform as well as the standard monopolar probe in 39 procedures. The 2 failures included 1 bladder tumor fulguration and 1 electroincision of a ureterointestinal anastomotic stricture. There were no episodes of recurrent bleeding after any procedure. The bipolar system has the added advantage of not requiring a return electrode (ground pad), thereby eliminating the possibility of skin burns.
[A method for fast virtual eversion of a colon]. (2008)

As the existing electrical field method for colon hollow structure virtual eversion is time consuming, a new faster method is presented here to overcome this disadvantage. In the new method, the cross section we used is composed of an orthogonal section and an electrical field section rather than the electrical field section only. We have applied this new method to a series of CT data of a patient for virtual eversion. The result shows that the time cost by using the fast method is only about 1/6 of the existing method, and the image quality is also acceptable.
Fas ligand mutation in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and lymphoproliferative disease. (1996)

The pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is multifactorial and multigenetic. The apoptosis genes, fas and fas ligand (fasL), are candidate contributory genes in human SLE, as mutations of these genes result in autoimmunity in several murine models of this disease. In humans, fas mutations result in a familial autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, but defects in FasL have not yet been identified. In this study, DNA from 75 patients with SLE was screened by single-stranded conformational polymorphism analysis for potential mutations of the extracellular domain of FasL. A heterozygous single-stranded conformational polymorphism for FasL, was identified in one SLE patient, who exhibited lymphadenopathy. Molecular cloning and sequencing indicated that the genomic DNA of this patient contained an 84-bp deletion within exon 4 of the fasL gene, resulting in a predicted 28 amino acid in-frame deletion. Analysis of PBMC from this patient revealed decreased FasL activity, decreased activation-induced cell death, and increased T cell proliferation after activation. This is the first report of defective FasL-mediated apoptosis related to a mutation of the human Fasl, gene in a patient with SLE and suggests that fasL mutations are an uncommon cause of the disease.
Monoclonal antibodies in human organ transplantation and auto-immune diseases. (1993)

The usefulness of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the transplantation field has become evident over the last couple of years. Different mAbs have been used as a prophylactic treatment after transplantation, in a therapeutic way against acute organ rejection and new diagnostic tools to predict clinical rejection immerge. One can even hope that with humanised mAbs or human mAbs obtained by repertoire cloning the formation of human anti-mouse antibodies will be solved although on the one hand this appeared not to be a big problem and on the other hand anti-idiotypic antibodies can still be expected. However, the most puzzling question is how the mAbs modulates the immuno-response and this not only in organ rejection but also in auto-immune diseases. Only one out of many CD25 mAbs with seemingly similar epitope recognition can be used in therapeutical treatment of acute Graft versus Host Disease. The same mAb is not, however, very efficient in the prophylactic treatment of kidney transplantation without association of suboptimal doses of cyclosporin A. Another example is a CD4 mAb which is efficient in the treatment of polyarthritis with no side effects but which provokes transient but clear side effects when used in psoriasis or multiple sclerosis patients. A second CD4 mAb with high inhibitory activity in several bioassays compared to the first CD4 mAb has no beneficial effect at all on polyarthritis. Also the question why there is a percentage of "no response" patients among apparently identical "good response" patients remains unanswered. However it becomes clear from these experiences that: 1) mAbs recognizing a similar epitope and being of the same isotype will not automatically have the same effect in therapy. 2) side effects may be depending of the disease treated. 3) the activities of mAbs in bioassays and even animal models very often do not reflect the in vivo situation in human. 4) efficiency of the treatment with mAbs can be increased by a better understanding of the mode of action and increased efficiency can be expected by association of several mAb or mAb with drugs for the "no response" patients and should be the next step in the therapeutical use of mAbs.
Mathematical framework for activity-based cancer biomarkers (2015)

Advances in nanomedicine are providing sophisticated functions to precisely control the behavior of nanoscale drugs and diagnostics. Strategies that coopt protease activity as molecular triggers are increasingly important in nanoparticle design, yet the pharmacokinetics of these systems are challenging to understand without a quantitative framework to reveal nonintuitive associations. We describe a multicompartment mathematical model to predict strategies for ultrasensitive detection of cancer using synthetic biomarkers, a class of activity-based probes that amplify cancer-derived signals into urine as a noninvasive diagnostic. Using a model formulation made of a PEG core conjugated with protease-cleavable peptides, we explore a vast design space and identify guidelines for increasing sensitivity that depend on critical parameters such as enzyme kinetics, dosage, and probe stability. According to this model, synthetic biomarkers that circulate in stealth but then activate at sites of disease have the theoretical capacity to discriminate tumors as small as 5 mm in diameter-a threshold sensitivity that is otherwise challenging for medical imaging and blood biomarkers to achieve. This model may be adapted to describe the behavior of additional activity-based approaches to allow cross-platform comparisons, and to predict allometric scaling across species.
X‐ray structures of fragments from binding and nonbinding versions of a humanized anti‐CD18 antibody: Structural indications of the key role of VH residues 59 to 65 (1994)

X-ray crystal structures of fragments from two different humanized anti-CD18 antibodies are reported. The Fv fragment of the nonbinding version has been refined in space group C2 with a = 64.2 A, b = 61.3 A, c = 51.8 A, and beta = 99 degrees to an R-value of 18.0% at 1.9 A, and the Fab fragment of the tight-binding version has been refined in space group P3 with a = 101. A and c = 45.5 A to an R-value of 17.8% at 3.0 A resolution. The very large difference in their binding affinity (> 1000-fold) is attributed to large and local structural differences in the C-terminal part of CDR-H2, and from this we conclude there is direct contact between this region and antigen when they combine. X-ray structures of antibody-antigen complexes available in the literature have yet to show this part of CDR-H2 in contact with antigen, despite its hypervariable sequence. Implications of this result for antibody humanization are discussed.
DIRECT DETERMINATION OF NICOTINE IN ANTISMOKING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS AND IN TOBACCO USING AN INHIBITION BIOSENSOR (2001)

A bienzymatic inhibition biosensor, consisting of a hydrogen peroxide amperometric electrode coupled to a functionalised nylon membrane chemically bonding the enzymes butyrylcholinesterase and choline oxidase and using butyrylcholine as substrate, was prepared and tested for the analysis of nicotine. The system was applied to the analysis of several pharmaceutical formulations containing nicotine used to treat addiction and to determine the nicotine content of different types of commercial tobacco.
Relation between Viscous Characteristics and Dextrose Equivalent of Maltodextrins (2004)

Abstract Relation between viscous characteristics of different maltodextrins and degree of starch hydrolytic conversion expressed as DE value (dextrose equivalent) was deduced. Reduced viscosity of diluted solutions of maltodextrins linearly increased with maltodextrin concentration in the range 0.2×10 −2 to 1×10 −2 g/cm 3 . Values of intrinsic viscosity decreased with increasing degree of hydrolysis, which is expressed by DE values. Values of intrinsic viscosity of maltodextrins are independent of the botanical source of a particular starch but are dependent on molecular properties of samples that influence its friction characteristics in solution. When in diluted solutions, maltodextrins behave like macromolecules and obey the Staudinger‐Mark‐Houwink equation. Two ranges of DE value were established: DE = 0.5–10, in this range maltodextrin molecules in solution are randomly coiled ( a = 0.53); and DE = 10–20, where the molecules are stretched ( a = 1). Equations for determination of DE value by viscometric measurements were derived for each of the two established DE ranges. DE values calculated from the equations show good agreement with the ones obtained by standard chemical titration methods.
The Relationship Between Thiopurine Methyltransferase Activity and Genotype in Blasts From Patients With Acute Leukemia (1998)

Abstract The level of expression of the enzyme thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) is an important determinant of the metabolism of thiopurines used in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Studies in red blood cells (RBC) have shown that TPMT expression displays genetic polymorphism with 11% of individuals having intermediate and one in 300 undetectable levels. The genetic basis for this polymorphism has now been elucidated and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays described for the most common mutations accounting for reduced activity. In previous studies, genotype has been correlated with red blood cell activity. In this report, we describe the relationship between genotype and TPMT activity measured directly in the target of drug action, the leukemic cell. We have demonstrated that the TPMT activity in lymphoblasts from 38 children and adults found by PCR to be homozygotes (*1/*1) was significantly higher than that in the five heterozygotes (*1/*3) detected (median, 0.25 v 0.08, P &amp;lt; .002, Mann-Whitney U). Similar results were obtained when results from children were analyzed separately. However, comparison of activity in blasts from AML and ALL showed a higher level in the former (0.35 v 0.22 nU/mg,P &amp;lt; .002, n = 17, 35), suggesting that factors other than genotype may also influence expression. © 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.