gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mixed Lamellar Films:  Evolution, Commensurability Effects, and Preferential Defect Formation (1999)

The structure of lamellar poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate), denoted as P(S-b-MMA), diblock copolymer films on neutral poly(styrene-random-methyl methacrylate), denoted as P(S-r-MMA), brush surfaces was examined as a function of annealing time and film thickness using neutron reflectivity and small-angle neutron scattering. Upon annealing, microphase separation occurs quickly with perpendicular and parallel lamellae emanating from the neutral and air surfaces, respectively. This initial growth is followed by a slow increase in the amount of parallel lamellae with a concurrent decrease in the amount of perpendicular lamellae as the samples are annealed further. After long annealing times, the amounts of perpendicular and parallel lamellae do not change significantly. The mixed lamellar structures show a strong commensurability trend with film thickness having a period equal to that of the natural lamellar period. This is explained through the preferential formation of s1/2 disclinations having PS cores which dictate the observed commensurability trend. The preferential formation of these defects was observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy on films predominantly comprised of perpendicular lamellae.
Realizing a video environment (1992)

At EuroPARC, we have been exploring ways to allow physically separated colleagues to work together effectively and naturally. In this paper, we briefly discuss several examples of our work in the context of three themes that have emerged: the need to support the full range of shared work; the desire to ensure privacy without giving up unobtrusive awareness; and the possibility of creating systems which blur the boundaries between people, technologies and the everyday world.
Neurokinin B Is a Paracrine Vasodilator in the Human Fetal Placental Circulation (2003)

Neurokinin (NK) B is a member of the tachykinin family of neurotransmitters, exerting hypotensive or hypertensive effects in the mammalian vasculature through synaptic release from peripheral neurons, according to either NK(1) and NK(2) or NK(3) receptor subtype expression, respectively. There is recent evidence that NKB is expressed by the syncytiotrophoblast of the human placenta, an organ that is not innervated. We hypothesized that NKB is a paracrine modulator of tone in the fetal placental circulation. We tested this hypothesis using the in vitro perfused human placental cotyledon. Our data show that NKB is a dilator of the fetal vasculature, causing a maximal 25.1 +/- 4.5% (mean +/- SEM; n = 5) decrease in fetal-side arterial hydrostatic pressure (5- microM NKB bolus; effective concentration in the circulation, 1.89 nM) after preconstriction with U-46619. RT-PCR demonstrated the presence of mRNA for NK(1) and NK(2) tachykinin receptors in the placenta. Using selective receptor antagonists, we found that NKB-induced vasodilation is through the NK(1) receptor subtype. We found no evidence for the involvement of either nitric oxide or prostacyclin in this response. This study demonstrates a paracrine role for NKB in the regulation of fetal placental vascular tone.
Genomic analysis of high-cell-density recombinantEscherichia coli fermentation and ?cell conditioning? for improved recombinant protein yield (2000)

The Escherichia coli stress gene transcription profile and response to recombinant protein overexpression were substantially altered at high cell density when compared with low cell density. Reverse trascription-polymerase chain reaction RT-PCR-amplified mRNA from low (4 g[DCW]/L) and high-cell-density (43.5 g [DCW]/L) conditions were hybridized with a DNA microarray of Kohara clones encompassing 16% of the E. coli genome, and differentially displayed genes were identified. Transcript-specific RNA dot blots indicated that molecular chaperones (groEL, ibpA, degP), proteases (degP, ftsH), the lysis gene mltB, and DNA damage/bacteriophage-associated gene transcript levels (ftsH, recA, alpA, uvrB) increased 10- to 43-fold at high cell density. In addition, overexpression of recombinant green fluorescent protein (GFP(uv))/chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) fusion protein did not change the rates of cell growth or cell lysis. The stress gene transcription profile at high cell density was used to evaluate "cell conditioning" strategies to alter the levels of chaperones, proteases, and other intracellular proteins prior to recombinant protein overexpression. Interestingly, the addition of 1 g/L dithiothreitol (DTT) 20 min prior to induction of a GFP(uv)/CAT fusion protein resulted in a twofold increase in CAT activity when compared with the unconditioned controls. In addition, RNA dot blots of five stress genes confirmed that cell conditioning strategies significantly altered the dynamic stress gene response to foreign protein overexpression.
IP network configuration for intradomain traffic engineering (2001)

The smooth operation of the Internet depends on the careful configuration of routers in thousands of autonomous systems throughout the world. Configuring routers is extremely complicated because of the diversity of network equipment, the large number of configuration options, and the interaction of configuration parameters across multiple routers. Network operators have limited tools to aid in configuring large backbone networks. Manual configuration of individual routers can introduce errors and inconsistencies with unforeseen consequences for the operational network. In this article we describe how to identify configuration mistakes by parsing and analyzing configuration data extracted from the various routers. We first present an overview of IP networking from the viewpoint of an Internet service provider and describe the kinds of errors that can appear within and across router configuration files. To narrow the scope of the problem, we then focus our attention on the configuration commands that relate to traffic engineering-tuning the intradomain routing protocol to control the flow of traffic through the ISP network. We present a case study of a prototype tool, developed in collaboration with AT&T IP Services, for checking the configuration of the AT&T IP Backbone and providing input to other systems visualization and traffic engineering.
Ursolic Acid Inhibits the Initiation, Progression of Prostate Cancer and Prolongs the Survival of TRAMP Mice by Modulating Pro-Inflammatory Pathways (2012)

Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death among men worldwide. In this study, using transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice, the effect of diet enriched with 1% w/w ursolic acid (UA) was investigated to evaluate the stage specific chemopreventive activity against prostate cancer. We found that TRAMP mice fed with UA diet for 8 weeks (weeks 4 to 12) delayed formation of prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). Similarly, mice fed with UA diet for 6 weeks (weeks 12 to 18) inhibited progression of PIN to adenocarcinoma as determined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Finally, TRAMP mice fed with UA diet for 12 weeks (weeks 24 to 36) demonstrated markedly reduced tumor growth without any significant effects on total body weight and prolonged overall survival. With respect to the molecular mechanism, we found that UA down-regulated activation of various pro-inflammatory mediators including, NF-κB, STAT3, AKT and IKKα/β phosphorylation in the dorsolateral prostate (DLP) tissues that correlated with the reduction in serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6. In addition, UA significantly down-regulated the expression levels of cyclin D1 and COX-2 but up-regulated the levels of caspase-3 as revealed by immunohistochemical analysis of tumor tissue sections. Finally, UA was detected in serum samples obtained from various mice groups fed with enriched diet in nanogram quantity indicating that it is well absorbed in the GI tract. Overall, our findings provide strong evidence that UA can be an excellent agent for both the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer.
Xylans and xylanases : proceedings of an international symposium, Wageningen, The Netherlands, December 8-11, 1991 (1992)

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS, PREFACE. STRUCTURE, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF XYLANS Chemical structure of xylans and their interaction in the plant cell walls (J.P. Joseleau, J. Comtat, K. Ruel). A 1H-NMR spectroscopic study on oligosaccharides obtained from wheat arabinoxylans (J.F.G. Vliegenthart, R.A. Hoffmann, J.P. Kamerling). Three-dimensional structure, interactions and properties of xylans (E.D.T. Atkins). Characterization of cereal arabinoxylans (A.G.J. Voragen, H. Gruppen, M.A. Verbruggen, R.J. Vietor). IDENTIFICATION, MODE OF ACTION AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF XYLANS Catalytic strategies in the enzymic hydrolysis of equatorial pyranosidic linkages (M.L. Sinnott). Identification and mode of action of endo (1- 4) -sz-xylanases (P. Biely, M. Vrsansk#, S. Kuc#r). Analysis of hemicellulase sequences. Relationships to other glycanases (B. Henrissat). Towards an understanding of the mechanism of action of xylan main chain-hydrolyzing xylanases (M.P. Coughlan). Mode of action of the xylan-degrading enzymes from Aspergillus awamori (F.J.M. Kormelink et al.). Amino acid sequence of the low-molecular weight xylanase from Trichoderma viride (M. Yaguchi et al.). Collaborative testing of a xylanase assay method (M.J. Bailey, K. Poutanen). Measurement of endo-1,4-sz-D xylanase (B.V. McCleary). Trichoderma xylanases. Their properties and application (K.K.Y. Wong, J.N. Saddler). Xylan-degrading enzyme systems of the fungi Aspergillus awamori and Penicillium pinophilum: studies on the isolation of over-producing mutant strains and aspects of the enzymology (T.M. Wood et al.). ACCESSORY ENZYMES IN XYLAN DEGRADATION. Significance of esterases in the degradation of xylans (M. Tenkanen, K. Poutanen). alpha-Glucuronidases in the hydrolysis of wood xylans (J. Puls). MOLECULAR GENETICS AND REGULATION OF XYLANASE BIOSYNTHESIS IN MICROBIAL SYSTEMS. Xylanases from Streptomyces cyaneus (P. Wang et al). Structure and regulation of an Aspergillus xylanase gene (L.H. de Graaff et al.). Secretion of a xylanase from Cryptococcus albidus by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia stipitis (R. Morosoli et al.). The molecular architecture of xylanases from Pseudomonas fluorescens subsp. cellulosa (G.P. Hazlewood, H.J. Gilbert). Molecular biology and physiological biochemistry of xylan degradation by thermoanaerobes (Y.-E. Lee et al.). S.E. Lowe, J.G. Zeikus). Mechanism by which xylan and cellulose trigger the biosynthesis of endo-xylanase by Trichoderma reesei (P. Herzog et al.). Xylan degradation by the anaerobic bacterium Bacteroides xylanolyticus X5-1 (P.J.Y.M.J. Schyns, A.J.M. Stams). Molecular biology of xylanases from the rumen cellulolytic anaerobe Ruminococcus flavefaciens 17 - multiple genes and bifunctional enzymes (H.J. Flint, J-X. Zhang). Xylan-degrading enzymes produced by the thermophilic actinomycete Thermomonospora fusca (A.J. McCarthy, S.L. Bachmann). APPLICATION OF XYLANASES IN FOOD, FEED AND WOOD TECHNOLOGY.
Selective modulation of glutathione levels in human normal versus tumor cells and subsequent differential response to chemotherapy drugs. (1986)

Cellular glutathione (GSH) levels were found to be 7-fold higher in a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549) than in a normal human lung fibroblast line (CCL-210). Differential modulation of cellular GSH was explored in these cell lines by (a) stimulation of GSH synthesis by oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate (OTZ) and (b) inhibition of GSH synthesis by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO). In the tumor cell line, OTZ treatment had no effect; however, GSH levels of 140-170% of control were achieved in the normal fibroblast line. With BSO, the normal cell line was depleted of GSH at a faster relative rate than with the tumor line. Within 7 h, 5% GSH remained in the CCL-210 line while approximately 40% GSH remained in the A549 line. Survival response of normal versus tumor cell lines to selected chemotherapy drugs was compared following modulation of GSH levels. OTZ pretreatment of the A549 line provided no protection to a 1-h exposure to melphalan, cisplatin, or bleomycin; however, OTZ pretreatment of CCL-210 elevated GSH and provided protection to melphalan, cisplatin, and bleomycin (protection ratios at 5% survival of 1.2, 1.4, and 1.4, respectively). Neocarzinostatin toxicity in the normal CCL-210 line pretreated with BSO was greatly reduced (protection ratio at 50% survival = 5.0). The same BSO treatment to A549 cells (40% GSH remaining) yielded a similar survival curve to control cells. These studies demonstrate that selective differential chemotherapy responses of normal versus tumor cells is possible by manipulating the GSH synthetic cycle. Should basic phenotypic differences with regard to reductive capacity exist in vivo, such manipulation in GSH levels might yield a therapeutic gain for carefully selected chemotherapy drugs.
Rates of thiol-disulfide interchange reactions between mono- and dithiols and Ellman's reagent (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRates of thiol-disulfide interchange reactions between mono- and dithiols and Ellman's reagentGeorge M. Whitesides, Jennifer E. Lilburn, and Richard P. SzajewskiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 2, 332–338Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00422a034https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00422a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2098Altmetric-Citations200LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Recurrent Clostridium difficile Colitis: Case Series Involving 18 Patients Treated with Donor Stool Administered via a Nasogastric Tube (2003)

Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and colitis have emerged as major complications associated with use of systemic antimicrobials. In this study, the medical records for 18 subjects who received donor stool by nasogastric tube for recurrent C. difficile infection during a 9-year period at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed. During the period between the initial diagnosis of C. difficile colitis and the stool treatments, the 18 subjects received a total of 64 courses of antimicrobials (range, 2-7 courses; median, 3 courses). During the 90 days after receipt of treatment with stool, 2 patients died of unrelated illnesses. One of the 16 survivors experienced a single recurrence of C. difficile colitis during 90-day follow-up. No adverse effects associated with stool treatment were observed. Patients with recurrent C. difficile colitis may benefit from the introduction of stool from healthy donors via a nasogastric tube.
B cells develop in the zebrafish pancreas (2002)

The zebrafish, with its transparent free-living embryo, is a useful organism for investigating early stages in lymphopoiesis. Previously, we showed that T cells differentiate in the thymus by day 4, but no sites for B cell differentiation were seen until 3 weeks. We report here that on day 4, we detect rearrangements of genes encoding B cell receptors in DNA extracted from whole fish. Also by day 4, rag1 transcripts are seen in the pancreas, an organ not previously associated with lymphopoiesis; by day 10, Igmu transcripts are detected here. Thus, in zebrafish, the pancreas assumes the role of both the liver in fetal mice and the spleen in neonatal mice.
Neuropsychological testing for evaluation of brain aging. (1990)

The new construct of age-associated memory impairment, designed to describe age-related memory disorders, is grounded on the assumptions that neurobiological brain changes associated with age result in memory performance decline and that memory complaints are the subjective reflection of this decline. The first assumption, although poorly evidenced, seems to be accurate. In contrast, correlation between memory complaints and performance is rather questionable. Most findings favor a psychoaffective nature of the memory complaints more than a close relationship with memory performance. Age-associated memory disorders seem to be a complex syndrome which cannot be correctly understood using a single construct.
Peptides and the primary afferent nociceptor (1993)

An expanding knowledge of neuropeptides and their function has led to a profound change in our view of how the PAN contributes to pain. In addition to their expected direct action on postsynaptic cells in the dorsal horn, neuropeptides can modify transmitter release from nearby terminals of other PANs and/or diffuse to act on dorsal horn neurons at a considerable distance from their site of release (Fig. 2). Contrary to early expectations and despite the evidence that several neuropeptides excite central nociceptive neurons, there is no clear correspondence between neuropeptide content and physiologically defined classes of small-diameter primary afferents. There is, however, a tendency for populations of afferents innervating different organs to differ consistently in their peptide content. In fact, the peptide content of primary afferents is, in part, determined by specific factors in the tissues that they innervate. Furthermore, peptide content can change dramatically in response to certain prolonged stimuli or nerve damage. The lack of correspondence of peptide content and physiological response pattern, the plasticity of peptide content, its tissue specificity, and the possibility for action at a distance from the site of their release from central PAN terminals strongly suggest that PAN peptides have functions that are fundamentally different from those of the short-range actions of amino acid neurotransmitters that are also found in the PAN. Finally, nowhere is the plasticity of function of the PAN more evident than at its peripheral terminals. Long-term changes are produced in these terminals by a host of peptides that derive from a variety of cell types. The complexity of this transduction process is augmented by the activity-induced release of peripherally active neuropeptides from the PAN itself. In addition to the variety of fundamental neurobiological issues that recent studies of PANs have raised, they have also generated a great deal of clinical interest, in view of the role of the PAN in inflammation and its accessibility for study and for therapeutic intervention.
Transcriptomal analysis of failing and nonfailing human hearts (2003)

Heart failure is a multifactorial disease that may result from different initiating events. To contribute to an improved comprehension of normal cardiac function and the molecular events leading to heart failure, we performed large-scale gene expression analysis of failing and nonfailing human ventricle. Our aim was to define and compare expression profiles of 4 specific pathophysiological cardiac situations: 1) left ventricle (LV) from nonfailing heart; 2) LV from failing hearts affected by dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM); 3) LV from failing hearts affected by ischemic CM (ICM); 4) right ventricle (RV) from failing hearts affected by DCM or ICM. We used oligonucleotide arrays representing approximately 12,000 human genes. After stringent numerical analyses using several statistical tests, we identified 1,306 genes with a similar expression profile in all 4 cardiac situations, therefore representative of part of the human cardiac expression profile. A total of 95 genes displayed differential expression between failing and nonfailing heart samples, reflecting a reversal to developmental gene expression, dedifferentiation of failing cardiomyocytes, and involvement of apoptosis. Twenty genes were differentially expressed between failing LV and failing RV, identifying possible candidates for different functioning of both ventricles. Finally, no genes were found to be significantly differentially expressed between failing DCM and failing ICM LV, emphasizing that transcriptomal analysis of explanted hearts results mainly in identification of expression profiles of end-stage heart failure and less in determination of expression profiles of the underlying etiology. Taken together, our data resulted in identification of putative transcriptomal landmarks for normal and disturbed cardiac function.
Grid services for distributed system integration (2002)

Increasingly, computing addresses collaboration, data sharing, and interaction modes that involve distributed resources, resulting in an increased focus on the interconnection of systems both within and across enterprises. These evolutionary pressures have led to the development of Grid technologies. The authors' work focuses on the nature of the services that respond to protocol messages. Grid provides an extensible set of services that can be aggregated in various ways to meet the needs of virtual organizations, which themselves can be defined in part by the services they operate and share.
破产的经济学比较——关于处理资本主义、社会主义和过渡时期经济形式中的企业亏损问题 (1994)

△资本主义制度下的企业破产:一个企业在初期(短期内)能够在最佳生产水平上抵偿它的可变资本,即使不能抵偿全部资本,它也可以继续生产。最后如果不通过改变股份(实际资本)来降低生产成本,工厂就将停产,它的资产将以现行价被其它地方产业收购。象新古典派经济学那样忽略了企业遭受的短期损失。企业破产,这个损失既不加到资本家头上,也不加在经营者和工人身上,也无关于社会,那么,破产必定源于新古典经济学派假设的一些疏忽。
Mutações do gene cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator e deleções dos genes glutationa S-transferase em pacientes com fibrose cística no Brasil (2012)

When the patients were stratified by clinical and epidemiological features, the frequencies of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes were similar, suggesting that the inherited absence of these enzymatic pathways does not alter the course of CF. However, the high frequency of the DF508 CFTR mutation found in younger children suggests that it influences the age at diagnosis of CF in this region of Brazil.
Analog Versus Digital: Extrapolating from Electronics to Neurobiology (1998)

We review the pros and cons of analog and digital computation. We propose that computation that is most efficient in its use of resources is neither analog computation nor digital computation but, rather, a mixture of the two forms. For maximum efficiency, the information and information-processing resources of the hybrid form must be distributed over many wires, with an optimal signal-to-noise ratio per wire. Our results suggest that it is likely that the brain computes in a hybrid fashion and that an underappreciated and important reason for the efficiency of the human brain, which consumes only 12 W, is the hybrid and distributed nature of its architecture.