gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of a Peripheral and a Central Acting Opioid Antagonist on the Testicular Response to Stress in Rats (1994)

The possible involvement of opioid receptors in mediating the inhibitory effects of immobilization stress on testicular steroidogenesis was determined in adult male rats. Unstressed controls and animals exposed to 3 h of immobilization stress were injected subcutaneously with either vehicle or 1 or 10 mg/kg body weight (BW) of naloxone or naltrexone methobromide (NMB; an opioid receptor antagonist that does not cross the blood-brain barrier) at the beginning of and at 1.5 h of the stress period. Animals were sacrificed at 2 h (30 min after the second injection of antagonist) or 3 h (90 min after the second injection of antagonist) of stress. Plasma LH was not affected by stress, but 30 min after naloxone (1 or 10 mg/kg BW) injection, LH was elevated in both control and stressed rats above levels in vehicle-injected animals. By 90 min after naloxone injection, plasma LH had declined to levels comparable to those in vehicle-injected animals. NMB had no effect on plasma LH concentrations in either control or stressed rats. Three hours of stress reduced plasma testosterone (T) levels by 60% in vehicle-injected animals. This effect of stress on plasma T levels was antagonized by the 10 mg/kg BW dose of naloxone and 1 or 10 mg/kg BW of NMB. The ability of naloxone to reverse the effect of stress on plasma T levels was likely related to its ability to stimulate LH secretion, but NMB normalized plasma T values in stressed animals without altering plasma LH concentrations. Only the highest dose of NMB increased plasma T levels in unstressed control animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Iridium-Catalyzed Arene Ortho-Silylation by Formal Hydroxyl-Directed C−H Activation (2010)

A strategy for the ortho-silylation of aryl ketone, benzaldehyde, and benzyl alcohol derivatives has been developed in which a hydroxyl group formally serves as the directing element for Ir-catalyzed arene C-H bond activation. One-pot generation of a (hydrido)silyl ether from the carbonyl compound or alcohol is followed by dehydrogenative cyclization at 80-100 °C in the presence of norbornene as a hydrogen acceptor and the combination of 1 mol % [Ir(cod)OMe]2 and 1,10-phenanthroline as a catalyst to form benzoxasiloles. The synthetic utility of the benzoxasilole products is demonstrated by conversion to phenol or biaryl derivatives by Tamao-Fleming oxidation or Hiyama cross-coupling. Both of these transformations of the C-H silylation products exploit the Si-O bond in the system and proceed by activation of the silyl moiety with hydroxide, rather than fluoride.
[Analysis of HLA matching probability in Guangzhou Cord Blood Bank]. (2003)

The HLA matching results for 1 060 patients searching donors within 3 000 units of umbilical cord blood in Guangzhou Cord Blood Bank from 1998 to 2002 were analyzed. There were 119 (11.23%) and 992 (93.58%) patients found 6/6 and more than 4/6 of HLA matched loci of unrelated cord blood donors respectively. 61.29% of probability in all patients could find one or more cord blood with 4/6 or more matched loci and total nucleated cell (TNC) dose of >or= 3.7 x 10(7)/kg. The highest mean body weight in these supplied patients was 79 kg. The probability was 89.79% for those patients with TNC dose of >or= 2.0 x 10(7)/kg and >or= 4/6 of HLA loci matched. In these patients, the highest weight was 175 kg. In conclusion, a cord blood bank with 3 000 units or more of cord blood in stock shows a high probability of HLA matching and can meet the requirement of TNC >or= 3.7 x 10(7)/kg dose in child and part of adult patients. The umbilical cord blood is a good alternative stem cell source for all patients including adults.
Lung Cancer Imaging (2014)

J.G. Ravenel, Ed. New York, NY: Springer, 2013, 300 pages, $229 Lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer death in the United States and in developed countries worldwide. The prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of lung cancer will continue to be of major importance in the coming
Synthesis of dysprosium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid salts and investigation of their acute cardiotoxicity (1979)

This item was digitized from a paper original and/or a microfilm copy. If you need higher-resolution images for any content in this item, please contact us at repository@u.library.arizona.edu.
Dosimetric characteristics of a new high‐intensity source for remote afterloading (1997)

A new high-intensity 192Ir source has recently become commercially available for remote afterloading brachytherapy treatment. The dosimetric characteristics (dose rate constant, radial dose function, and anisotropy function) of this source were experimentally determined through the application of AAPM Task Group 43 recommendations. Complete dosimetric data are presented in this manuscript.
CENTROIDFOLD: a web server for RNA secondary structure prediction (2009)

The CENTROIDFOLD web server (http://www.ncrna.org/centroidfold/) is a web application for RNA secondary structure prediction powered by one of the most accurate prediction engine. The server accepts two kinds of sequence data: a single RNA sequence and a multiple alignment of RNA sequences. It responses with a prediction result shown as a popular base-pair notation and a graph representation. PDF version of the graph representation is also available. For a multiple alignment sequence, the server predicts a common secondary structure. Usage of the server is quite simple. You can paste a single RNA sequence (FASTA or plain sequence text) or a multiple alignment (CLUSTAL-W format) into the textarea then click on the 'execute CentroidFold' button. The server quickly responses with a prediction result. The major advantage of this server is that it employs our original CentroidFold software as its prediction engine which scores the best accuracy in our benchmark results. Our web server is freely available with no login requirement.
A selective defect of interferon alpha production in human immunodeficiency virus-infected monocytes. (1990)

Interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) induces significant antiretroviral activities that affect the ability of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to infect and replicate in its principal target cells, CD4+ T cells and macrophages. A major endogenous source of IFN-alpha during any infection is the macrophage. Thus, macrophages have the potential to produce both IFN-alpha and HIV. In this study, we examined the production of IFN-alpha and other cytokines by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-treated cultured monocytes during HIV infection. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-6, IFN-omega, or IFN-beta were not detected nor was the mRNA expressed in either uninfected or HIV-infected monocytes. However, both uninfected and HIV-infected monocytes produced high levels of each of these cytokines after treatment with synthetic double-stranded RNA [poly(I).poly(C)]. Uninfected monocytes also produced high levels of IFN-alpha after treatment with poly(I).poly(C), Newcastle disease virus, or herpes simplex virus. In marked contrast to the preceding observations, HIV-infected monocytes produced little or no IFN-alpha before or after treatment with any of these agents. The absence of detectable IFN-alpha activity and mRNA in poly(I).poly(C)-treated HIV-infected monocytes was coincident with high levels of 2',5' oligoadenylate synthetase and complete ablation of HIV gene expression. The antiviral activity induced by poly(I).poly(C) may be a direct effect of this synthetic double-stranded RNA or secondary to the low levels of IFN-beta and IFN-omega produced by infected cells. The markedly diminished capacity of HIV-infected monocytes to produce IFN-alpha may reflect a specific adaptive mechanism of virus to alter basic microbicidal functions of this cell. The inevitable result of this HIV-induced cytokine dysregulation is virus replication and persistence in mononuclear phagocytes.
The Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Management of Acute Spinal Cord Injury (2010)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become the gold standard for imaging neurological tissues including the spinal cord. The use of MRI for imaging in the acute management of patients with spinal cord injury has increased significantly. This paper used a vigorous literature review with Downs and Black scoring, followed by a Delphi vote on the main conclusions. MRI is strongly recommended for the prognostication of acute spinal cord injury. The sagittal T2 sequence was particularly found to be of value. Four prognostication patterns were found to be predictive of neurological outcome (normal, single-level edema, multi-level edema, and mixed hemorrhage and edema). It is recommended that MRI be used to direct clinical decision making. MRI has a role in clearance, the ruling out of injury, of the cervical spine in the obtunded patient only if there is abnormality of the neurological exam. Patients with cervical spinal cord injuries have an increased risk of vertebral artery injuries but the literature does not allow for recommendation of magnetic resonance angiography as part of the routine protocol. Finally, time repetition (TR) and time echo (TE) values used to evaluate patients with acute spinal cord injury vary significantly. All publications with MRI should specify the TR and TE values used.
Increased Gene Expression by the First Intron of Maize Shrunken-1 Locus in Grass Species (1989)

The first intron of the shrunken-1 (Sh1) locus of maize was incorporated into constructs containing the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (CAT) coupled with the nopaline synthase 3' polyadenylation signal. Transcription was driven with the 35S promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) or the Sh1 promoter of maize. Transient gene expression was monitored following electroporation into protoplasts of Panicum maximum (guineagrass), Pennisetum purpureum (napiergrass), or Zea mays (maize). The 1028 base pair intron increased gene expression in cells of each species when transcription was driven with the 35S promoter. Eleven to 91-fold increases were observed. Expression levels observed in maize were two and eight times those observed in napiergrass and guineagrass, respectively. The 35S promoter gave CAT activity 10 to 100 times that observed with the Sh1 promoter. Whereas expression driven by the 35S promoter was reproducible, that observed with the Sh1 promoter proved quite variable. In similar constructs the first intron of the alcohol dehydrogenase-1 (Adh1) gene of maize led to increased gene expression of only 7 to 10% of that observed with the Sh1 first intron. The increased level of gene expression caused by the Sh1 first intron is approximately 10 times higher than that caused by any other plant introns that have been used. Thus, the Sh1 first intron may prove quite useful in increasing expression of foreign genes in monocots and possibly other plants.
Induction of apoptosis and inhibition of tumorigenicity and tumor growth by adenovirus vector-mediated fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene overexpression. (1999)

We studied the effects of fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene overexpression mediated by an adenoviral vector, Ad-FHIT, on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle kinetics in human cancer cells and on tumorigenicity and tumor growth in nude mice. Overexpression of the FHIT gene significantly inhibited cell growth in various Ad-FHIT-transduced human lung cancer cells and head and neck carcinoma cells with FHIT gene abnormalities, but not in normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Fewer than 20% of cells in all Ad-FHIT-transduced cells survived at 7 days after transduction. Overexpression of the FHIT gene induced cell apoptosis and altered cell cycle processes. The apoptotic cell population markedly increased, and cells accumulated in S phase after Ad-FHIT transduction. The tumorigenicity of human H1299 lung cancer cells transduced by Ad-FHIT, in comparison with that of the control transductants and untreated cells, was eliminated in vivo. Subcutaneous tumor growth in nude mice who received intratumoral injections of Ad-FHIT, at a total dose of 3 x 10(10) plaque-forming units/tumor for H1299 tumors and 4 x 10(10)/tumor for A549 tumors, were suppressed by more than 85% and 90%, respectively, compared with that in nude mice who received injections of empty vector at the same dose or with PBS alone. Together, our results suggest that the FHIT gene, when delivered at high efficiency by a recombinant adenoviral vector, functions as a tumor suppressor gene both in vitro and in vivo.
Tetrabutylammonium permanganate: an efficient oxidant for organic substrates (1978)

Tetrabutylammonium permanganate is an easily prepared crystalline stable compound soluble in organic solvents; its use for oxidations of organic substrates in pyridine under mild conditions is described.
Life with Carbon Monoxide (2004)

This review focuses on how microbes live on CO as a sole source of carbon and energy and with CO by generating carbon monoxide as a metabolic intermediate. The use of CO is a property of organisms that use the Wood-L jungdahl pathway of autotrophic growth. The review discusses when CO metabolism originated, when and how it was discovered, and what properties of CO are ideal for microbial growth. How CO sensing by a heme-containing transcriptional regulatory protein activates the expression of CO metabolism-linked genes is described. Two metalloenzymes are the cornerstones of growth with CO: CO dehydrogenase (CODH) and acetyl-CoA synthase (ACS). CODH oxidizes CO to CO2, providing low-potential electrons for the cell, or alternatively reduces CO2 to CO. The latter reaction, when coupled to ACS, forms a machine for generating acetyl-CoA from CO2 for cell carbon synthesis. The recently solved crystal structures of CODH and ACS along with spectroscopic measurements and computational studies provide insights into novel bio-organometallic catalytic mechanisms and into the nature of a 140 A gas channel that coordinates the generation and utilization of CO. The enzymes that are coupled to CODH/ACS are also described, with a focus on a corrinoid protein, a methyltransferase, and pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase.
Isotype switch variants reveal clonally related subpopulations in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (2000)

Abstract Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) are aggressive tumors accounting for approximately 40% of B-cell malignancies. The immunoglobulin (Ig) variable region genes have undergone rearrangement and are commonly somatically mutated. The majority show intraclonal variation which indicates that somatic mutation has continued after transformation. Typically, cells of DLBCLs express Ig of a single isotype, but there may be accompanying cells that express alternative isotypes. To probe the status of the isotype switch process in DLBCL, 4 cases of tumor-derived constant region transcripts of all isotypes were investigated. Following the identification of the VDJ sequences, the presence of the major isotype expected from immunohistochemical analysis was confirmed at the RNA level. Another 3-4 alternative isotypes were revealed in all cases, some of which could also be detected by immunohistochemistry. All cases were somatically mutated with an intraclonal variation. In 2 cases there were clearly distinct patterns of somatic mutation between isotypes, which was consistent with independent evolution of the tumor subpopulations. There was apparent clustering of mutational patterns into either an IgMD/IgG3/IgA set or an IgG1/IgA set, indicating that the switch to IgA can occur by different routes. Alternative isotype expression is evident in DLBCL at both the RNA and protein levels. The pattern of mutation indicates that switching is occurring in subpopulations of the tumor after malignant transformation. The findings support the concept that isotype switch events may be a feature of DLBCL.
Resveratrol-induced Autophagocytosis in Ovarian Cancer Cells (2004)

Resveratrol (3,5,4-trihydroxystilbene), a natural phytoalexin present in grapes, nuts, and red wine, has antineoplastic activities. Several molecular mechanisms have been described to underlie its effects on cells in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, the response of ovarian cancer cells to resveratrol is explored. Resveratrol inhibited growth and induced death in a panel of five human ovarian carcinoma cell lines. The response was associated with mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, formation of the apoptosome complex, and caspase activation. Surprisingly, even with these molecular features of apoptosis, analysis of resveratrol-treated cells by light and electron microscopy revealed morphology and ultrastructural changes indicative of autophagocytic, rather than apoptotic, death. This suggests that resveratrol can induce cell death through two distinct pathways. Consistent with resveratrol's ability to kill cells via nonapoptotic processes, cells transfected to express high levels of the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-x(L) and Bcl-2 are equally sensitive as control cells to resveratrol. Together, these findings show that resveratrol induces cell death in ovarian cancer cells through a mechanism distinct from apoptosis, therefore suggesting that it may provide leverage to treat ovarian cancer that is chemoresistant on the basis of ineffective apoptosis.
Two-Wavelet Theory (2002)

The results hitherto given are for localization operators L F,φ : X → X defined in terms of one admissible wavelet φ for the square-integrable representation π: G → U(X) of G on X. In this chapter we introduce the notion of a localization operator L F,φψ : X → X, which is defined in terms of a symbol F in L l (G) and two admissible wavelets φ and ψ for the square-integrable representation π: G →U(X) of G on X. It is proved in this chapter that L F,φ,ψ : X → X is in S 1 and a formula for the trace of L F,φ,ψ : X → X is given. These results extend, respectively, the corresponding results in Chapter 12 and Chapter 13 from the one-wavelet case to the two-wavelet case. We also give in this chapter the trace class norm inequalities for the localization operator L F,φ,ψ : X → X In order to obtain a lower bound for the norm ‖ L F,φ,ψ ‖ S 1 of L F,φ,ψ : X → X,we need the formula (9.1), which is an analogue of the resolution of the identity formula (6.3) for two admissible wavelets for an irreducible and square-integrable representation π: G → U(X) of G on X.
Direct cDNA cloning of the rearranged immunoglobulin variable region. (1989)

A major problem in the study of multigene families is the effort required to clone and sequence these genes. We describe a method to rapidly clone and sequence immunoglobulin variable region gene sequences without constructing cDNA libraries. Because immunoglobulin variable-region genes are flanked by conserved sequences, we have been able to apply the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to clone and sequence both the light- and heavy-chain rearranged immunoglobulin genes from small numbers of hybridoma cells. This method will greatly facilitate the construction of chimeric mouse/human monoclonal antibodies for immunoglobulin structural studies as well as for therapeutic use.
Marked Induction of c-Maf Protein during Th17 Cell Differentiation and Its Implication in Memory Th Cell Development (2011)

Until recently, effector T helper (Th) cells have been classified into two subsets, Th1 and Th2 cells. Since the discovery of Th17 cells, which produce IL-17, much attention has been given to Th17 cells, mainly because they have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. We have performed transcriptome analysis combined with factor analysis and revealed that the expression level of c-Maf, which is considered to be important for Th2 differentiation, increases significantly during the course of Th17 differentiation. The IL-23 receptor (IL-23R), which is important for Th17 cells, is among putative transcriptional targets of c-Maf. Interestingly, the analysis of c-Maf transgenic Th cells revealed that the overexpression of c-Maf did not lead to the acceleration of the early stage of Th17 differentiation but rather to the expansion of memory phenotype cells, particularly with Th1 and Th17 traits. Consistently, mouse wild-type memory Th cells expressed higher mRNA levels of c-Maf, IL-23R, IL-17, and IFN-γ than control cells; in contrast, Maf−/− memory Th cells expressed lower mRNA levels of those molecules. Thus, we propose that c-Maf is important for the development of memory Th cells, particularly memory Th17 cells and Th1 cells. Until recently, effector T helper (Th) cells have been classified into two subsets, Th1 and Th2 cells. Since the discovery of Th17 cells, which produce IL-17, much attention has been given to Th17 cells, mainly because they have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. We have performed transcriptome analysis combined with factor analysis and revealed that the expression level of c-Maf, which is considered to be important for Th2 differentiation, increases significantly during the course of Th17 differentiation. The IL-23 receptor (IL-23R), which is important for Th17 cells, is among putative transcriptional targets of c-Maf. Interestingly, the analysis of c-Maf transgenic Th cells revealed that the overexpression of c-Maf did not lead to the acceleration of the early stage of Th17 differentiation but rather to the expansion of memory phenotype cells, particularly with Th1 and Th17 traits. Consistently, mouse wild-type memory Th cells expressed higher mRNA levels of c-Maf, IL-23R, IL-17, and IFN-γ than control cells; in contrast, Maf−/− memory Th cells expressed lower mRNA levels of those molecules. Thus, we propose that c-Maf is important for the development of memory Th cells, particularly memory Th17 cells and Th1 cells.
Rendering volumetric haptic shapes in mid-air using ultrasound (2014)

We present a method for creating three-dimensional haptic shapes in mid-air using focused ultrasound. This approach applies the principles of acoustic radiation force , whereby the non-linear effects of sound produce forces on the skin which are strong enough to generate tactile sensations. This mid-air haptic feedback eliminates the need for any attachment of actuators or contact with physical devices. The user perceives a discernible haptic shape when the corresponding acoustic interference pattern is generated above a precisely controlled two-dimensional phased array of ultrasound transducers. In this paper, we outline our algorithm for controlling the volumetric distribution of the acoustic radiation force field in the form of a three-dimensional shape. We demonstrate how we create this acoustic radiation force field and how we interact with it. We then describe our implementation of the system and provide evidence from both visual and technical evaluations of its ability to render different shapes. We conclude with a subjective user evaluation to examine users' performance for different shapes.
The emergence of social perspectives on the use of technology in Mathematics education (2008)

Of the three theories of intellectual development that have had greatest influence on school classrooms since the turn of last century, behaviourist, constructivism and socio-culturalism, all were initially conceptualised before digital technologies were available.Further, whereas current reform agendas that emphasise the importance of social aspects of learning can draw theoretical underpinnings from socio-cultural or socio-constructivist perspectives of knowledge acquisition and meaning making, theoretical frameworks that help explain the role of collaborative interaction in technology rich classrooms are only beginning to emerge.This paper will consider the emergence of recent developments in theorising collaborative practice that incorporate the use of digital tools from a socially orientated theoretical perspective and attempt to draw connections with this emergence from the history of ICMI's involvement in this area.