gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Organisation ou organisme ? (2009)

Distribution lectronique Cairn.info pour Socit Franaise d'tude du Dix-Huitime Sicle. Distribution lectronique Cairn.info pour Socit Franaise d'tude du Dix-Huitime Sicle. La reproduction ou reprsentation de cet article, notamment par photocopie, n'est autorise que dans les limites des conditions gnrales d'utilisation du site ou, le cas chant, des conditions gnrales de la licence souscrite par votre tablissement. Toute autre reproduction ou reprsentation, en tout ou partie, sous quelque forme et de quelque manire que ce soit, est interdite sauf accord pralable et crit de l'diteur, en dehors des cas prvus par la lgislation en vigueur en France. Il est prcis que son stockage dans une base de donnes est galement interdit. Article disponible en ligne l'adresse Article disponible en ligne l'adresse https://www.cairn.info/revue-dix-huitieme-siecle-2009-1-page-99.htm Dcouvrir le sommaire de ce numro, suivre la revue par email, s'abonner... Flashez ce QR Code pour accder la page de ce numro sur Cairn.info. Socit Franaise d'tude du Dix-Huitime Sicle | Tlcharg le 30/08/2023 sur www.cairn.info (IP: 181
Clinical Outcomes Associated With Procalcitonin Algorithms to Guide Antibiotic Therapy in Respiratory Tract Infections (2013)

The measurement of procalcitonin to guide initiation and duration of antibiotic treatment in patients with respiratory tract infections of varying severity is associated with lower antibiotic exposure without increasing all-cause mortality or treatment failure.
Therapeutic bispecific antibodies cross the blood-brain barrier in nonhuman primates (2014)

Using therapeutic antibodies that need to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to treat neurological disease is a difficult challenge. We have shown that bispecific antibodies with optimized binding to the transferrin receptor (TfR) that target β-secretase (BACE1) can cross the BBB and reduce brain amyloid-β (Aβ) in mice. Can TfR enhance antibody uptake in the primate brain? We describe two humanized TfR/BACE1 bispecific antibody variants. Using a human TfR knock-in mouse, we observed that anti-TfR/BACE1 antibodies could cross the BBB and reduce brain Aβ in a TfR affinity-dependent fashion. Intravenous dosing of monkeys with anti-TfR/BACE1 antibodies also reduced Aβ both in cerebral spinal fluid and in brain tissue, and the degree of reduction correlated with the brain concentration of anti-TfR/BACE1 antibody. These results demonstrate that the TfR bispecific antibody platform can robustly and safely deliver therapeutic antibody across the BBB in the primate brain.
Fine Mapping of the Interaction of Neutralizing and Nonneutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies with the CD4 Binding Site of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp120 (2002)

Alanine scanning mutagenesis was performed on monomeric gp120 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to systematically identify residues important for gp120 recognition by neutralizing and nonneutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the CD4 binding site (CD4bs). Substitutions that affected the binding of broadly neutralizing antibody b12 were compared to substitutions that affected the binding of CD4 and of two nonneutralizing anti-CD4bs antibodies (b3 and b6) with affinities for monomeric gp120 comparable to that of b12. Not surprisingly, the sensitivities to a number of amino acid changes were similar for the MAbs and for CD4. However, in contrast to what was seen for the MAbs, no enhancing mutations were observed for CD4, suggesting that the virus has evolved toward an optimal gp120-CD4 interaction. Although the epitope maps of the MAbs overlapped, a number of key differences between b12 and the other two antibodies were observed. These differences may explain why b12, in contrast to nonneutralizing antibodies, is able to interact not only with monomeric gp120 but also with functional oligomeric gp120 at the virion surface. Neutralization assays performed with pseudovirions bearing envelopes from a selection of alanine mutants mostly showed a reasonable correlation between the effects of the mutations on b12 binding to monomeric gp120 and neutralization efficacy. However, some mutations produced an effect on b12 neutralization counter to that predicted from gp120 binding data. It appears that these mutations have different effects on the b12 epitope on monomeric gp120 and functional oligomeric gp120. To determine whether monomeric gp120 can be engineered to preferentially bind MAb b12, recombinant gp120s were generated containing combinations of alanine substitutions shown to uniquely enhance b12 binding. Whereas b12 binding was maintained or increased, binding by five nonneutralizing anti-CD4bs MAbs (b3, b6, F105, 15e, and F91) was reduced or completely abolished. These reengineered gp120s are prospective immunogens that may prove capable of eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies.
Position-dependent activity of α-fetoprotein enhancer element III in the adult liver is due to negative regulation (2000)

alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) transcription is activated early in hepatogenesis, but is dramatically repressed within several weeks after birth. AFP regulation is governed by multiple elements including three enhancers termed EI, EII, and EIII. All three AFP enhancers continue to be active in the adult liver, where EI and EII exhibit high levels of activity in pericentral hepatocytes with a gradual reduction in activity in a pericentral-periportal direction. In contrast to these two enhancers, EIII activity is highly restricted to a layer of cells surrounding the central veins. To test models that could account for position-dependent EIII activity in the adult liver, we have analyzed transgenes in which AFP enhancers EII and EIII were linked together. Our results indicate that the activity of EIII is dominant over that of EII, indicating that EIII is a potent negative regulatory element in all hepatocytes except those encircling the central veins. We have localized this negative activity to a 340-bp fragment. This suggests that enhancer III may be involved in postnatal AFP repression.
Summarizing video using a shot importance measure and a frame-packing algorithm (1999)

This paper presents methods of generating compact pictorial summarizations of video. By calculating a measure of shot importance video can be summarized by de-emphasizing or discarding less important information, such as repeated or common scenes. In contrast to other approaches that present keyframes for each shot, this measure allows summarization by presenting only the most important shots. Selected keyframes can also be resized depending on their relative importance. We present an efficient packing algorithm that constructs a pictorial representation from differently-sized keyframes. This results in a compact and visually pleasing summary reminiscent of a comic book.
rePLay: A hardware framework for dynamic optimization (2001)

In this paper, we propose a new processor framework that supports dynamic optimization. The rePLay Framework embeds an optimization engine atop a high-performance execution engine. The heart of the rePLay Framework is the concept of a frame. Frames are large, single-entry, single-exit optimization regions spanning many basic blocks in the program's dynamic instruction stream, yet containing only a single flow of control. This atomic property of frames increases the flexibility in applying optimizations. To support frames, rePLay includes a hardware-based recovery mechanism that rolls back the architectural state to the beginning of a frame if, for example, an early exit condition is detected. This mechanism permits the optimizer to make speculative, aggressive optimizations upon frames. In this paper, we investigate some of the underlying phenomenon that support rePLay. Primarily, we evaluate rePLay's region formation strategy. A rePLay configuration with a 256-entry frame cache, using 74 KB frame constructor and frame sequencer, achieves an average frame size of 88 Alpha AXP instructions with 68 percent coverage of the dynamic istream, an average frame completion rate of 92.81 percent, and a frame predictor accuracy of 81.26 percent. These results soundly demonstrate that the frames upon which the optimizations are performed are large and stable. Using the most frequently initiated frames from rePLay executions as samples, we also highlight possible strategies for the rePLay optimization engine. Coupled with the high coverage of frames achieved through the dynamic frame construction, the success of these optimizations demonstrates the significance of the rePLay Framework. We believe that the concept of frames, along with the mechanisms and strategies outlined in this paper, will play an important role in future processor architecture.
Catalysis of chemical processes: Particular teaching aspects (2015)

The paper is devoted to two main issues of catalysis from the viewpoint of teaching and learning activities. The first part deals with positive catalysis which treats the general features of catalytic processes and textbook imperfections. The second part focuses on decelerating or stopping-down chemical processes. It is shown that contrary to the “positive” catalysis, i.e . enhancement of the rate of chemical reactions, which is a regular part of chemical education at secondary/high schools and universities, the inhibition of the chemical reactions is frequently missing in educational curricula. The importance of inhibition is explained, its mechanism presented and examples offered. [African Journal of Chemical Education—AJCE 5(2), July 2015]
Physics-based character skinning using multi-domain subspace deformations (2011)

We propose a domain-decomposition method to simulate articulated deformable characters entirely within a subspace framework. The method supports quasistatic and dynamic deformations, nonlinear kinematics and materials, and can achieve interactive time-stepping rates. To avoid artificial rigidity, or "locking," associated with coupling low-rank domain models together with hard constraints, we employ penalty-based coupling forces. The multi-domain subspace integrator can simulate deformations efficiently, and exploits efficient subspace-only evaluation of constraint forces between rotated domains using a novel Fast Sandwich Transform (FST). Examples are presented for articulated characters with quasistatic and dynamic deformations, and interactive performance with hundreds of fully coupled modes. Using our method, we have observed speedups of between three and four orders of magnitude over full-rank, unreduced simulations.
Production of transforming growth factor beta by human T lymphocytes and its potential role in the regulation of T cell growth. (1986)

This study examines the potential role of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) in the regulation of human T lymphocyte proliferation, and proposes that TGF-beta is an important autoregulatory lymphokine that limits T lymphocyte clonal expansion, and that TGF-beta production by T lymphocytes is important in T cell interactions with other cell types. TGF-beta was shown to inhibit IL-2-dependent T cell proliferation. The addition of picograms amounts of TGF-beta to cultures of IL-2-stimulated human T lymphocytes suppressed DNA synthesis by 60-80%. A potential mechanism of this inhibition was found. TGF-beta inhibited IL-2-induced upregulation of the IL-2 and transferrin receptors. Specific high-affinity receptors for TGF-beta were found both on resting and activated T cells. Cellular activation was shown to result in a five- to sixfold increase in the number of TGF-beta receptors on a per cell basis, without a change in the affinity of the receptor. Finally, the observations that activated T cells produce TGF-beta mRNA and that TGF-beta biologic activity is present in supernatants conditioned by activated T cells is strong evidence that T cells themselves are a source of TGF-beta. Resting T cells were found to have low to undetectable levels of TGF-beta mRNA, while PHA activation resulted in a rapid increase in TGF-beta mRNA levels (within 2 h). Both T4 and T8 lymphocytes were found to make mRNA for TGF-beta upon activation. Using both a soft agar assay and a competitive binding assay, TGF-beta biologic activity was found in supernatants conditioned by T cells; T cell activation resulted in a 10-50-fold increase in TGF-beta production. Thus, TGF-beta may be an important antigen-nonspecific regulator of human T cell proliferation, and important in T cell interaction with other cell types whose cellular functions are modulated by TGF-beta.
Cloning of a cellular factor, interleukin binding factor, that binds to NFAT-like motifs in the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat. (1991)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gene expression is regulated by both general transcription factors and factors induced by activation of T lymphocytes such as NF-kappa B and the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). Within the HIV long terminal repeat (LTR), two purine-rich domains between nucleotides -283 and -195 have homology to a regulatory region found in the interleukin 2 promoter, which binds NFAT and other cellular factors. In the HIV LTR, this region has been demonstrated to have both positive and negative regulatory effects on HIV gene expression. In an attempt to clone genes encoding cellular factors that bind to these NFAT-like elements in the HIV LTR, we used lambda gt11 expression cloning with oligonucleotides corresponding to these binding motifs. A ubiquitously expressed cDNA encoding a 60-kDa protein, which we termed interleukin binding factor (ILF), binds specifically to these purine-rich motifs in the HIV LTR. This factor also binds to similar purine-rich motifs in the interleukin 2 promoter, through with lower affinity than to HIV LTR sequences. Sequence analysis reveals that the DNA binding domain of ILF has strong homology to the recently described fork head DNA binding domain found in the Drosophila homeotic protein fork head and a family of hepatocyte nuclear factors, HNF-3. Other domains found in ILF include a nucleotide binding site, an N-glycosylation motif, a signal for ubiquitin-mediated degradation, and a potential nuclear localization signal. These results describe a DNA binding protein that may be involved in both positive and negative regulation of important viral and cellular promoter elements.
Seal Strength vs. Trap Closure–A Fundamental Control on the Distribution of Oil and Gas (1997)

This memoir provides the information to help explorationists greatly increase their understanding of seals and traps and thereby markedly improve their ability to forecast hydrocarbon occurrences.
Cross-linking of fibronectin to collagen by blood coagulation Factor XIIIa. (1979)

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A GENERALIZED METHOD FOR MAGNETITE NANOPARTICLE STERIC STABILIZATION UTILIZING BLOCK COPOLYMERS CONTAINING CARBOXYLIC ACIDS (2002)

INTRODUCTION: Magnetic nanoparticles that display high saturation magnetization and high magnetic susceptibility are of great interest for medical applications. Nanomagnetite is particularly desirable because it displays strong ferrimagnetic behavior, and is less sensitive to oxidation than magnetic transition metals such as cobalt, iron, and nickel. For in-vivo applications, it is important that well-defined organic coatings surround the nanomagnetite particles. It is rationalized that this will prevent any aggregation of the nanoparticles in-vivo, and may also enable efficient excretion and protection of the body from toxicity. Magnetite nanoparticles can be prepared by coprecipitating iron (II) and iron (III) chloride salts in the presence of ammonium hydroxide at pH 9-10. Oleic acid is known to effectively stabilize dispersions of nanomagnetite in nonpolar solvents [1,2]. Stabilization occurs because the carboxylic acid group covalently reacts with the surface of the magnetite and the aliphatic chain extends out into the nonpolar solvent, preventing aggregation of the particles by a steric (entropic) mechanism. One goal of this work has been to develop a generalized methodology for stabilizing nanomagnetite dispersions using well-defined, non-toxic, block copolymers, so that the resultant magnetite-polymer complexes can be used in a range of biomedical materials. Our objectives have included: (1) Understanding what types of polymer structures bind irreversibly to magnetite at the physiological pH and what block lengths are desirable, (2) Tailoring polymer block lengths to maximize the concentration of bound magnetite, yet preserve good dispersion and (3) Designing copolymers with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic tail blocks to enable dispersion in different types of carrier fluids.
Epicatechins Purified from Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) Differentially Suppress Growth of Gender‐Dependent Human Cancer Cell Lines (2006)

The anticancer potential of catechins derived from green tea is not well understood, in part because catechin-related growth suppression and/or apoptosis appears to vary with the type and stage of malignancy as well as with the type of catechin. This in vitro study examined the biological effects of epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC), EC 3-gallate (ECG) and EGC 3-gallate (EGCG) in cell lines from human gender-specific cancers. Cell lines developed from organ-confined (HH870) and metastatic (DU145) prostate cancer, and from moderately (HH450) and poorly differentiated (HH639) epithelial ovarian cancer were grown with or without EC, EGC, ECG or EGCG. When untreated cells reached confluency, viability and doubling time were measured for treated and untreated cells. Whereas EC treatment reduced proliferation of HH639 cells by 50%, EGCG suppressed proliferation of all cell lines by 50%. ECG was even more potent: it inhibited DU145, HH870, HH450 and HH639 cells at concentrations of 24, 27, 29 and 30 microM, whereas EGCG inhibited DU145, HH870, HH450 and HH639 cells at concentrations 89, 45, 62 and 42 microM. When compared with EGCG, ECG more effectively suppresses the growth of prostate cancer and epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines derived from tumors of patients with different stages of disease.
High speed and robust event correlation (1996)

The authors describe a network management system and illustrate its application to managing a distributed database application on a complex enterprise network.
Recombination Study of Combined Halides (Cl, Br, I) Perovskite Solar Cells (2014)

We report on the preparation of a series of solution-processed perovskite solar cells based on methylammonium (MA) lead halide derivatives, MAPbX3, which show tunable optical properties depending on the nature and ratio of the halides employed (X = Cl, Br, and I). Devices have been prepared with different cell architecture, thin film, and mesoporous scaffold (TiO2 and Al2O3). We have analyzed different sample sets focusing on the characterization of the charge recombination by means of impedance spectroscopy (IS). On the one hand, our study discloses that the insertion of both Cl and Br in the perovskite lattice reduces the charge recombination rates in the light absorber film, thus determining the open circuit voltage (Voc) of the device. The samples prepared on a mesoporous Al2O3 electrode present lower charge recombination rates than those devices prepared on mesoporous TiO2. Furthermore, the addition of Br in the perovskite structure was demonstrated to improve slightly the lifetime of the devices; in fact, the efficiencies of all devices tested remained at least at the 80% of the initial value 1 month after their preparation. These results highlight the crucial role of the charge-recombination processes on the performance of the perovskite solar cells and pave the way for further progress on this field.
Fabrication, properties and applications of Janus particles (2012)

Although the concept of Janus particles was raised in the early 1990s, the related research has not attracted considerable interest until recently due to the special properties and applications of these colloidal particles as well as the advances in new fabrications. Janus particles can be divided into three categories: polymeric, inorganic, and polymeric-inorganic, and each kind of Janus particles can be spherical, dumbbell-like, half raspberry-like, cylindrical, disk-like, or any of a variety of other shapes. Different Janus particles may share common preparation principles or require specific fabrication processes, and may have different assembly behaviours and properties. This critical review discusses the main fabrication methods of the three kinds of Janus particles, and then highlights the important properties and applications of these Janus particles developed in recent years, and finally proposes some perspectives on the future of Janus particle research and development.
Identification and characterization of macrophage inflammatory protein 2. (1989)

In response to endotoxin, macrophages secrete a protein with a molecular mass of approximately 6000 Da and with an affinity for heparin. This protein, which we term "macrophage inflammatory protein 2," is a potent chemotactic agent for human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In addition, subcutaneous administration of the monokine causes a localized inflammatory reaction. Partial N-terminal sequence data reveal similarity to a family of proteins, the archetype of which is platelet factor 4. Although macrophage inflammatory protein 2 is a distinct member of the platelet factor 4 family, its sequence is most closely related to that of the gro/KC gene product, which is expressed in transformed or platelet-derived growth factor-treated cells.
Nucleosome organization of the yeast 2-micrometer DNA plasmid: a eukaryotic minichromosome. (1979)

The eukaryotic microorganism Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains 50-100 copies per cell of a circular plasmid called 2-micrometer DNA. The intracellular structure of these molecules, which represent about 4% of the total DNA, was examined by digestion of total cellular chromatin with micrococcal nuclease (nucleate 3'-oligonucleotidohydrolase, EC 3.1.31.1). Nuclease-resistant DNA fragments were fractionated by gel electrophoresis and 2-micrometer DNA sequences were detected by hybridization. The 2-micrometer and chromosomal DNA digestion patterns were very similar indicating that both types of DNA are condensed into nucleosomes. An analysis of these digestion patterns showed that the kinetics of digestion of 2-micrometer chromatin and total chromatin are similar and that both have the same nucleosome repeat length of about 165 base pairs. Native 2-micrometer plasmids were examined by zone sedimentation in sucrose gradients containing 0.15 M NaCl and were found to have a sedimentation constant of 75 S, about 3 times the sedimentation constant of protein-free 2-micrometer DNA. This sedimentation property is what would be expected for a 2-micrometer DNA minichromosome. We conclude that within the cell 2-micrometer DNA molecules are organized in a chromatin structure very similar to that of the yeast chromosomes.
Recent Patents on Nucleoside and Nucleotide Inhibitors for HCV (2006)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. There are estimated 170 million people worldwide chronically infected with the virus. The lack of highly effective and safe therapeutics for HCV infection has spurred intensive efforts to develop anti-HCV drugs as evidenced by the large number of new patent applications filed each year. Nucleoside and nucleotide inhibitors are the analogues of DNA or RNA substrates, and they inhibit viral polymerases by acting as chain terminators, viral mutagens, or simple competitive inhibitors. The successful development of various nucleoside and nucleotide inhibitors for the treatment of HIV and HBV infections has prompted the drug industry to seek similar strategies for HCV. This review summarizes recently issued or published patents covering nucleoside and nucleotide inhibitors for HCV. The claimed chemical structures and available biological activities, mechanism of action, and drug resistance profiles are discussed. The development status of several promising nucleoside inhibitors is also described.