gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of Bacteria with Carbohydrate-Functionalized Fluorescent Polymers (2004)

Many pathogens that infect humans use cell surface carbohydrates as receptors to facilitate cell-cell adhesion. The hallmark of these interactions is their multivalency, or the simultaneous occurrence of multiple interactions. We have used a carbohydrate-functionalized fluorescent polymer, which displays many carbohydrate ligands on a single polymer chain, to allow for multivalent detection of pathogens. Incubation of a mannose-functionalized polymer with Escherichia coli yields brightly fluorescent aggregates of bacteria. These results show that carbohydrate-functionalized fluorescent polymers are a versatile detection method for bacteria. Future design of detectors for other pathogens only requires information on the carbohydrates bound by the organisms, which has been exhaustively reported in the literature.
Teaching Web development technologies in CS/IS curricula (1998)

The advent of the World Wide Web changes the way we do things. It also greatly changes how computer software are built. While this profound evolution of software development has caused many in the software industry to change their way of developing software, it has not caused many in the academics to change their way of teaching computing. This paper describes a course that teaches web development technologies. The contents of the course, the experience gained, and related educational resources are presented.
Mutational Analysis of the Avian Adenovirus CELO, Which Provides a Basis for Gene Delivery Vectors (1999)

The avian adenovirus CELO is being developed as a gene transfer tool. Using homologous recombination in Escherichia coli, the CELO genome was screened for regions that could be deleted and would tolerate the insertion of a marker gene (luciferase or enhanced green fluorescent protein). For each mutant genome, the production of viable virus able to deliver the transgene to target cells was monitored. A series of mutants in the genome identified a set of open reading frames that could be deleted but which must be supplied in trans for virus replication. A region of the genome which is dispensable for viral replication and allows the insertion of an expression cassette was identified and a vector based on this mutation was evaluated as a gene delivery reagent. Transduction of avian cells occurs at 10- to 100-fold greater efficiency (per virus particle) than with an adenovirus type 5 (Ad5)-based vector carrying the same expression cassette. Most important for gene transfer applications, the CELO vector transduced mammalian cells as efficiently as an Ad5 vector. The CELO vector is exceptionally stable, can be grown inexpensively in chicken embryos, and provides a useful alternative to Ad5-based vectors.
Nearest Neighbor Thermodynamic Parameters for Internal G·A Mismatches in DNA (1998)

Thermodynamics of 22 oligonucleotides with internal single G.A mismatches dissolved in 1 M NaCl were determined from absorbance versus temperature melting curves. These data, combined with five literature sequences, were used to derive nearest-neighbor thermodynamic parameters for seven linearly independent trimer sequences with internal G.A mismatches and Watson-Crick flanking base pairs. The G.A mismatch parameters predict DeltaG degrees 37, DeltaH degrees, DeltaS degrees, and TM with average deviations of 4.4%, 7.4%, 8.0%, and 1.5 degrees C, respectively. The nearest-neighbor parameters show that G.A mismatch stability is strongly context dependent, and DeltaG degrees 37 ranges from +1.16 kcal/mol for TGA/AAT to -0.78 kcal/mol for GGC/CAG. In addition, one-dimensional 1H NMR spectra show that the G.A pairing geometry is pH and context dependent.
AZD2171 Shows Potent Antitumor Activity Against Gastric Cancer Over-Expressing Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2/Keratinocyte Growth Factor Receptor (2007)

AZD2171 exerted potent antitumor activity against gastric cancer xenografts overexpressing FGFR2. The results of these preclinical studies indicate that AZD2171 may provide clinical benefit in patients with certain types of gastric cancer.
Reference and counter electrode positions affect electrochemical characterization of bioanodes in different bioelectrochemical systems (2014)

The placement of the reference electrode (RE) in various bioelectrochemical systems is often varied to accommodate different reactor configurations. While the effect of the RE placement is well understood from a strictly electrochemistry perspective, there are impacts on exoelectrogenic biofilms in engineered systems that have not been adequately addressed. Varying distances between the working electrode (WE) and the RE, or the RE and the counter electrode (CE) in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) can alter bioanode characteristics. With well-spaced anode and cathode distances in an MFC, increasing the distance between the RE and anode (WE) altered bioanode cyclic voltammograms (CVs) due to the uncompensated ohmic drop. Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) also changed with RE distances, resulting in a calculated increase in anode resistance that varied between 17 and 31 Ω (-0.2 V). While WE potentials could be corrected with ohmic drop compensation during the CV tests, they could not be automatically corrected by the potentiostat in the EIS tests. The electrochemical characteristics of bioanodes were altered by their acclimation to different anode potentials that resulted from varying the distance between the RE and the CE (cathode). These differences were true changes in biofilm characteristics because the CVs were electrochemically independent of conditions resulting from changing CE to RE distances. Placing the RE outside of the current path enabled accurate bioanode characterization using CVs and EIS due to negligible ohmic resistances (0.4 Ω). It is therefore concluded for bioelectrochemical systems that when possible, the RE should be placed outside the current path and near the WE, as this will result in more accurate representation of bioanode characteristics.
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the United States, 1999-2004 (2006)

The prevalence of overweight among children and adolescents and obesity among men increased significantly during the 6-year period from 1999 to 2004; among women, no overall increases in the prevalence of obesity were observed. These estimates were based on a 6-year period and suggest that the increases in body weight are continuing in men and in children and adolescents while they may be leveling off in women.
Integrated circuit active phased array antennas for millimeter wave communications applications (2002)

Discusses the development of millimeter-wave (44-GHz uplink and 20-GHz downlink) phased-array communication antennas for flush-mounting on aircraft and other platforms. The authors develop the technology of integrated circuit active phased arrays (ICAPA) based upon a unique packaging architecture. The technology developed on this program was applied to advantage on the NASA Advanced Communication Technology Satellite (ACTS) program to provide an airborne, 19.9 GHz, downlink phased array antenna.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Oxygen distribution in the macaque retina. (1993)

Oxygen distribution was characterized in the macaque retina, which is more like the human retina than others studied previously.Profiles of oxygen tension (PO2) as a function of distance were recorded in a parafoveal region about halfway between the fovea and optic disk, and from the fovea in one animal. A one-dimensional diffusion model was used to determine photoreceptor oxygen consumption (QO2).In the parafovea, the PO2 decreased as the electrode was withdrawn from the choroid toward the inner retina, reaching a minimum value during dark adaptation of about 9 mmHg at about 70% retinal depth, and then increasing more proximally. Approximately 90% of the oxygen requirement of the photoreceptors was supplied by the choroidal circulation and 10% by the retinal circulation. In light adaptation, there was a monotonic PO2 gradient from the choroid to the inner retina, indicating that all of the oxygen used by photoreceptors was supplied by the choroid. In the fovea, the choroid supplied almost all the oxygen in both dark and light adaptation, with a minor supply from the vitreous humor. Dark-adapted foveal oxygen consumption was lower than parafoveal oxygen consumption. Light reduced the oxygen consumption of the photoreceptors, in both regions studied, by 16-36%.The results show that oxygenation of the parafoveal monkey retina is similar to that previously observed in the cat area centralis. In the fovea, the oxygen distribution differs as expected considering the thinner retina and the absence of inner retinal neurons and retinal circulation.
Insights into the Genetic Architecture of Early Stage Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Genome-Wide Association Study Meta-Analysis (2013)

Genetic factors explain a majority of risk variance for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). While genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for late AMD implicate genes in complement, inflammatory and lipid pathways, the genetic architecture of early AMD has been relatively under studied. We conducted a GWAS meta-analysis of early AMD, including 4,089 individuals with prevalent signs of early AMD (soft drusen and/or retinal pigment epithelial changes) and 20,453 individuals without these signs. For various published late AMD risk loci, we also compared effect sizes between early and late AMD using an additional 484 individuals with prevalent late AMD. GWAS meta-analysis confirmed previously reported association of variants at the complement factor H (CFH) (peak P = 1.5×10(-31)) and age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 (ARMS2) (P = 4.3×10(-24)) loci, and suggested Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) polymorphisms (rs2075650; P = 1.1×10(-6)) associated with early AMD. Other possible loci that did not reach GWAS significance included variants in the zinc finger protein gene GLI3 (rs2049622; P = 8.9×10(-6)) and upstream of GLI2 (rs6721654; P = 6.5×10(-6)), encoding retinal Sonic hedgehog signalling regulators, and in the tyrosinase (TYR) gene (rs621313; P = 3.5×10(-6)), involved in melanin biosynthesis. For a range of published, late AMD risk loci, estimated effect sizes were significantly lower for early than late AMD. This study confirms the involvement of multiple established AMD risk variants in early AMD, but suggests weaker genetic effects on the risk of early AMD relative to late AMD. Several biological processes were suggested to be potentially specific for early AMD, including pathways regulating RPE cell melanin content and signalling pathways potentially involved in retinal regeneration, generating hypotheses for further investigation.
Association of the erythropoietin receptor with protein tyrosine kinase activity. (1992)

We have examined the signal transduction mechanism of the hematopoietic growth factor erythropoietin (Epo). Epo stimulation of Ba/F3 cells transfected with the Epo receptor resulted in increases in tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins of 97, 75, and 55 kDa. Epo-induced increases in tyrosine phosphorylation of a 97-kDa protein were also detected within the Epo receptor complex, suggesting that a protein tyrosine kinase is associated with the Epo receptor. Protein tyrosine kinase activity was found within the Epo receptor complex and modulation of this activity was observed after treatment of cells with Epo. Furthermore, constitutively high amounts of protein kinase activity were observed in Epo receptor complexes isolated from autonomously growing cells coexpressing the Epo receptor and the leukemogenic glycoprotein gp55. The dominant phosphotyrosylprotein found associated with the Epo receptor was 97 kDa. An Epo receptor-associated protein of identical molecular mass was also found to bind ATP, a characteristic critical for protein kinases. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the Epo receptor is associated with protein tyrosine kinase activity and further suggest that a 97-kDa phosphotyrosylprotein associated with the Epo receptor is a protein tyrosine kinase involved in Epo-mediated signal transduction.
Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test Using Tetrazolium Reduction (1979)

A rapid method of antimicrobial susceptibility testing has been developed, which uses a modified microdilution procedure and an inoculum of 10(7) bacteria per ml. Results are determined within 4 h with an indicator consisting of 2(p-iodophenyl)-3(p-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyltetrazolium chloride. The precipitation of a red formazan by bacteria uninhibited by antimicrobials is accelerated by the addition of phenazine methosulfate. Isolates are classified as resistant, indeterminate, or susceptible, based on growth in up to two antimicrobial concentrations which conform closely to concentrations which correlate with the millimeter breakpoints used in the Bauer-Kirby method. Results of testing 10 antimicrobial agents against 1,126 isolates were compared with results obtained when the Bauer-Kirby method and the agar dilution procedure were used as reference methods. Enterococci were excluded because of false resistance. Discrepancies were classified as very major (false susceptibility), major (false resistance), and minor (combinations of susceptibility or resistance with indeterminate results). The rapid method versus the agar dilution method yielded 2.3% very major, 0.7% major, and 2.9% minor discrepancies, for a total of 6.0%. Of 58 organism-antimicrobial agent combinations tested, 23 displayed 1% very major discrepancies between the rapid method and the agar dilution method. Six were not therapeutically important. The remainder involved Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Acinetobacter sp., and most organisms tested with chloramphenicol. It is suggested that adjustments in antibiotic concentrations and/or inoculum size may eliminate these discrepancies. The rapid method appeared economical when compared with Autobac 1 and the Bauer-Kirby procedure.
Convolutional Neural Networks for patient-specific ECG classification (2015)

We propose a fast and accurate patient-specific electrocardiogram (ECG) classification and monitoring system using an adaptive implementation of 1D Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) that can fuse feature extraction and classification into a unified learner. In this way, a dedicated CNN will be trained for each patient by using relatively small common and patient-specific training data and thus it can also be used to classify long ECG records such as Holter registers in a fast and accurate manner. Alternatively, such a solution can conveniently be used for real-time ECG monitoring and early alert system on a light-weight wearable device. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system achieves a superior classification performance for the detection of ventricular ectopic beats (VEB) and supraventricular ectopic beats (SVEB).
High-aspect-ratio micromachining via deep X-ray lithography (1998)

High-aspect-ratio microsystems technology (HARMST) can be implemented by using thick photoresist technology, which requires X-ray photons for exposure. This was first realized in Germany via the so-called LIGA process. To make this process cost effective, exposures with high-energy photons were introduced in 1993 via a University of Wisconsin-Brookhaven National Laboratory cooperation. The addition of a solvent bonded resist technology and replanarization after electroplating and X-ray mask aligning yield a HARMST processing sequence that uses large-area, sequential X-ray masks without diaphragms. This technology may be applied to precision engineered parts which do not involve electronics. The processing sequence is also used for high performance linear and rotational, magnetic and electrostatic actuators. System applications in optics involve spectrometers and other devices. A discussion of US and world wide efforts in HARMST points at increasing demands for this type of processing tool.
High Detection-rate Cascades for Real-Time Object Detection (2007)

A new strategy is proposed for the design of cascaded object detectors of high detection-rate. The problem of jointly minimizing the false-positive rate and classification complexity of a cascade, given a constraint on its detection rate, is considered. It is shown that it reduces to the problem of minimizing false-positive rate given detection- rate and is, therefore, an instance of the classic problem of cost-sensitive learning. A cost-sensitive extension of boosting, denoted by asymmetric boosting, is introduced. It maintains a high detection-rate across the boosting iterations, and allows the design of cascaded detectors of high overall detection-rate. Experimental evaluation shows that, when compared to previous cascade design algorithms, the cascades produced by asymmetric boosting achieve significantly higher detection-rates, at the cost of a marginal increase in computation.
A Screen for Genes That Function Downstream of Ras1 During Drosophila Eye Development (1996)

Cell-fate specification of the R7 photoreceptor cell is controlled by the sevenless receptor tyrosine kinase (SevRTK) and Ras1, the Drosophila homologue of mammalian H-ras, K-ras and N-ras oncogenes. An activated form of Ras1 expressed under control of the sevenless enhancer/promoter (sev-Ras1V12) induces production of supernumerary R7 photoreceptor cells, which causes the eye to become rough in appearance. To isolate mutations in genes functioning downstream of Ras1, we carried out a screen for dominant suppressors and enhancers of this rough eye phenotype. Approximately 850,000 mutagenized flies were screened, and 282 dominant suppressors and 577 dominant enhancers were isolated. Mutations in the Drosophila homologues of Raf, MEK, MAPK, type I Geranylgeranyl Transferase and Protein Phosphatase 2A were isolated, as were mutations in several novel signaling genes. Some of these mutant genes appear to be general signaling factors that function in other Ras1 pathways, while one seems to be more specific for photoreceptor development. At least two suppressors appear to function either between Ras1 and Raf or in parallel to Raf.
Effect of Femtosecond Laser Cataract Surgery on the Macula (2011)

Results of this study suggest that femtosecond laser-assisted cataract extraction does not differ in postoperative macular thickness as compared with standard ultrasound phacoemulsification.
Isolation of trioxodinitrato(II) complexes of some first row transition metal ions (1977)

C. A. Lutz, A. Lomax and L. Toh, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1977, 247a DOI: 10.1039/C3977000247A
Thermocapillary Instabilities (1987)

The field of fluid mechanics is rapidly advancing, driven by unprecedented volumes of data from experiments, field measurements, and large-scale simulations at multiple spatiotemporal scales. Machine learning (ML) offers a wealth of techniques to extract ...Read More
Studies on the Morphine Alkaloids and Its Related Compounds. XV. Isolations of 8β, 14β-Epoxy-codide and 14-Hydroxy-dihydropseudocodeine from Some Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction Products of Tosylate of 14-Hydroxy-codeine or Its Isomers (1969)

As the results of further investigation on nucleophilic substitution reactions of 14-hydroxy-codeine 6-tosylate (VIII) and its isomers which are performed to examine the effects of 14β-hydroxyl group on these reactions comparing with the known results in 14β-hydrogen-morphine alkaloids, a new epoxide in morphines, 8β, 14β-epoxy-codide (III), which formed probably by internal SN-reaction with neighbouring group participation of the 14β-hydroxyl group to the 8-position in intermediates in the reactions, and a vicinal-cis-diol, 14-hydroxy-dihydropseudocodeine (XIV), were isolated.
Growth factors and cytokines in health and disease : a multi-volume treatise (1996)

Contents. List of Contributors. Preface (D. LeRoith and C. Bondy). Insulin-Like Growth Factors (D. LeRoith and C. Bondy). Growth Hormone (G. Baumann). Growth Hormone Receptor (L.S. Smit and C. Carter-Su). Epidermal Growth Factor: Cellular and Molecular Function (D.K. Tadaki and S.K. Niyogi). Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (C.H. Heldin, A. Ostman, and B. Westermark). Fibroblast Growth Factors (A. Logan and A. Baird). PDGF and FGF Receptors in Health and Disease (W.J. Fantl, K.G. Peters and L.T. Williams). The Nerve Growth Factor Family (M. Oshima, Y. Hirata, and G. Guroff). NGF Receptors (M. Barbacid).
α-Fluorinated Ethers. II. Alkyl Fluoroalkyl Ethers1 (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTα-Fluorinated Ethers. II. Alkyl Fluoroalkyl Ethers1P. E. Aldrich and William A. SheppardCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 1, 11–15Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01024a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01024a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views872Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multichannel wavelength locking using transmission peaks of an AWG for multichannel optical transmission systems (1998)

We demonstrate an optical frequency locking method using an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG). Four lasers were successfully locked to the transmission peaks produced from the AWG with a channel spacing of 0.8 nm (100 GHz) by using dithering technique. The frequency fluctuation was within 750 MHz and locking range was over 25 GHz.
Hypothermia after cardiac arrest: a treatment that works (2003)

In 2002, two prospective, randomized studies reported improved outcomes when deliberate hypothermia was induced in comatose survivors after resuscitation from cardiac arrest. However, several issues with regard to resuscitative cooling are still unanswered and should be studied further. These include the optimal timing to initiate cooling, the optimal cooling period, the optimal temperature level, and rewarming strategy. Even important questions, such as which cooling technique will be available in the near future that would combine ease of use with high efficacy, are not answered yet.