gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of a polarized head-mounted projection display using ferroelectric liquid-crystal-on-silicon microdisplays (2008)

It has been a common problem in optical see-through head-mounted displays that the displayed image lacks brightness and contrast compared with the direct view of a real-world scene. This problem is aggravated in head-mounted projection displays in which multiple beam splitting and low retroreflectance of a typical retroreflective projection screen yield low luminous transfer efficiency. To address this problem, we recently proposed a polarized head-mounted projection display (p-HMPD) design where the polarization states of the light are deliberately manipulated to maximize the luminous transfer efficiency. We report the design of a compact p-HMPD prototype system using a pair of high-resolution ferroelectric liquid-crystal-on-silicon (FLCOS) microdisplays. In addition to higher resolution, the FLCOS displays have much higher optical efficiency than a transmissive-type liquid crystal display (LCD) and help to further improve the overall light efficiency and image quality. We detail the design of a compact illumination unit for the FLCOS microdisplay, also commonly referred to as the light engine, and a projection lens, both of which are key parts of the p-HMPD system. The performances of the light engine and projection lens are analyzed in detail. Finally, we present the design of a compact p-HMPD prototype using the custom-designed light engine and projection optics.
Micromachined thin film plate acoustic resonators (FPAR): Theory and applications (2010)

This work presents some of the most important results regarding the development of thin film plate acoustic wave resonators at Uppsala University, Sweden. Current studies are focused on the estimation of the sensing capabilities of the SO FPAR with respect to mass and pressure. The potential of this technology is yet to be realized. Other modes like the first asymmetric and the first symmetric Lamb waves can be of interest too. The first one can be promising candidate for chemical sensor utilizing visco-elastic organic films due to its quasi shear nature [6, 18], while the second one could be promising for building resonators with significantly higher electromechanical couplings [6, 18].
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION OVER FIXED TIMECONTINUOUS CHANNELS WITH MEMORY, WITH SPECIAL APPLICATION TO TELEPHONE CHANNELS, (1964)

Bibliography: p. 114-117.
The Effect of High Density Lipoprotein Phospholipid Acyl Chain Composition on the Efflux of Cellular Free Cholesterol (1995)

High density lipoprotein (HDL) phospholipid (PL) fatty acyl chain composition has been proposed to affect the ability of HDL to participate in the first step of reverse cholesterol transport. To examine the effects of PL fatty acid chain length and degree of unsaturation in this process, reconstituted HDL (rHDL) particles were made with human apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and PL containing fatty acid chains from 14 to 18 carbons in length, which were either fully saturated or unsaturated in one or both chains. These particles were characterized structurally and for their ability to promote free (unesterified) cholesterol (FC) efflux from cells growing in culture. The discoidal rHDL particles were homogeneous and exhibited similar hydrodynamic diameters (10.4 +/- 1.0 nm) indicating that apoA-I forms similarly sized discs with a variety of PL. Measurements of particle surface charge, apoA-I alpha-helix content, and conformational stability indicated that the conformation of apoA-I varies among the particles. These conformational effects on apoA-I are consistent with the PL fluidity influencing the interaction between the amphipathic alpha-helical segments and PL acyl chains. Differential scanning calorimetry demonstrated that the physical state of the rHDL PL at 37 degrees C varied according to acyl chain length and degree of unsaturation; the FC efflux efficiencies for particles with PL in either the gel or liquid crystal states were determined. The ability of the rHDL to accept cellular FC depended on the physical state of the PL in the rHDL. Liquid crystal PL formed the most efficient FC acceptor particles exhibiting a maximal efflux velocity (Vmax) of 12-14% release of total cellular FC per h. Gel-phase PL formed inefficient rHDL acceptors with a Vmax of about 3%/h. A similar hierarchy of FC efflux efficiency was noted when either mouse L-cells or rat Fu5AH hepatoma cells were used as the FC donors. Furthermore, this hierarchy was found to be due to the characteristics of the PL and not due to variable apoA-I conformation because protein-free, small unilamellar vesicles made with the same PL exhibited similar relative efflux capabilities. Generally, the ability of a given rHDL particle to accept cellular FC was related to rHDL PL acyl chain length and degree of unsaturation; decreases in PL acyl chain length and increases in chain unsaturation tended to result in more efficient FC acceptor particles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A Monoclonal Antibody-Based Immunoradiometric Assay for Low Molecular Weight Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein/Placental Protein 12 (1989)

We describe a sensitive immunoradiometric assay for insulin-like growth factor binding protein/Placental Protein12 (IGF-BP/PP12) using monoclonal antibodies. This assay has a detection limit of 0.25 micrograms/l IGF-BP/PP12. Parallel dose response curves were obtained with purified IGF-BP/PP12, amniotic fluid, decidual cytosol extract, and serum. The assay is reproducible (intra-assay variation 4.3-8.2% and interassay variation 9.7-11.1%) and fast (less than 5 hours). A crossreactivity of less than 0.01% for all other proteins tested reflects high specificity. Using this method the mean serum IGF-BP/PP12 concentration in healthy women was 5.2 micrograms/l. During pregnancy, the mean IGF-BP/PP12 at 7-11 weeks was 43.3 micrograms/l, and at 36-40 weeks 121 micrograms/l. After early pregnancy termination the serum IGF-BP/PP12 decreased rapidly reaching a mean level of 8 micrograms/l within 4 days.
IL-17 derived from juxta-articular bone and synovium contributes to joint degradation in rheumatoid arthritis (2001)

The origin and role of IL-17, a T-cell derived cytokine, in cartilage and bone destruction during rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remain to be clarified. In human ex vivo models, addition of IL-17 enhanced IL-6 production and collagen destruction, and inhibited collagen synthesis by RA synovium explants. On mouse cartilage, IL-17 enhanced cartilage proteoglycan loss and inhibited its synthesis. On human RA bone explants, IL-17 also increased bone resorption and decreased formation. Addition of IL-1 in these conditions increased the effect of IL-17. Blocking of bone-derived endogenous IL-17 with specific inhibitors resulted in a protective inhibition of bone destruction. Conversely, intra-articular administration of IL-17 into a normal mouse joint induced cartilage degradation. In conclusion, the contribution of IL-17 derived from synovium and bone marrow T cells to joint destruction suggests the control of IL-17 for the treatment of RA.
Molecular Design of Liquid-Crystalline Block Molecules: Semifluorinated Pentaerythritol Tetrabenzoates Exhibiting Lamellar, Columnar, and Cubic Mesophases (2000)

Fluid assemblies of star-shaped molecules like 1 form a range of thermotropic liquid crystalline phases, and represent a borderline case between anisometric mesogens, surfactants, and block copolymers. The low molecular mass molecules (<5.5 kDa) consist of a semipolar central core and a shell of semifluorinated chains.
[DNAzymes in vitro inhibit the expression of hepatitis B virus genes]. (2003)

DrzBS and DrzBC can highly block the expressions of HBV s gene and e gene in 2.2.15 HBV cell model and are proved a specific and effective anti-HBV gene therapeutic means.
Association between DNA Methylation and Shortened Survival in Patients with Advanced Colorectal Cancer Treated with 5-Fluorouracil–Based Chemotherapy (2007)

CIMP is associated with poor survival in advanced colorectal cancer patients.
An Assembly Concept for the Consecutive Introduction of Unsymmetrical Disulfide Bonds:  Synthesis of a Releasable Multidrug Conjugate of Folic Acid (2007)

We describe the development of methodology which allows for the introduction of a second disulfide bond into a molecular framework with a pre-existing disulfide linker system. Compounds which contain an S-9-fluorenylmethyl-protected thiol and an additional disulfide linkage are deprotected in situ and trapped with an activated thiophile. This methodology allowed for the synthesis of the first molecule possessing two different biologically active agents covalently attached to a folate receptor targeting ligand unit via two disulfide-based release systems.
Structure-function analysis of the Abm12 beta mutation using site-directed mutagenesis and DNA-mediated gene transfer. (1987)

The B6.C-H-2bm12 (bm12) mouse possesses a naturally occurring mutation in its class II MHC A beta gene. The three amino acid substitutions at positions 67, 70, and 71 that comprise this mutation lead to changes in both Ia expression and immune recognition of the resultant A beta A alpha molecule. The experiments reported here utilize a combination of oligonucleotide-mediated site-directed mutagenesis and DNA-mediated gene transfer to explore the roles played by each of the three mutant residues in these various phenotypic changes. A beta genes comprising all permutations of the residues distinguishing Ab beta from Abm12 beta were created and were individually co-transfected with Ab beta into mouse L cells. Sublines expressing high levels of membrane Ia were selected by preparative flow cytometry and were studied for reactivity with a panel of monoclonal anti-Ia antibodies, or for their ability to act as antigen-presenting cells (APC) for the stimulation of T cell hybridomas. During the generation of these transfectant lines, it was noted that expression of a high level of Abm12 beta Ab alpha was more difficult to achieve than a similar level of Ab beta Ab alpha. Northern blot analysis of specific A beta and A alpha mRNA levels in these various lines indicated that more class II mRNA, and presumably more A beta and A alpha chains, were required to achieve expression of Abm12 beta Ab alpha equal to that of Ab beta Ab alpha, suggesting that the previously noted reduction of Ia expression on cells from bm12 mice reflects a decreased ability of Abm12 beta Ab alpha chains to pair, or to reach the membrane. Staining of the panel of transfectants with monoclonal antibodies revealed that antibodies which did not distinguish Ab beta Ab alpha from Abm12 beta Ab alpha also reacted equally well with all molecules involving in vitro mutant A beta chains. Monoclonal antibodies reactive with Ab beta Ab alpha but not Abm12 beta Ab alpha were specific for an epitope primarily determined by the presence or absence of Arg 70 in Ab beta. In striking contrast, all three mutant positions were found to play crucial roles in T cell recognition, because all substitutions led to significant or complete loss of antigen-presenting function with all but one of the T hybridomas tested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Surface-tip interactions in noncontact atomic-force microscopy on reactive surfaces: Si(111) (1998)

Total-energy pseudopotential calculations are used to study the imaging process in noncontact atomic-force microscopy on Si(111) surfaces. At the distance of closest approach between the tip and the surface, there is an onset of covalent chemical bonding between the dangling bonds of the tip and the surface. Displacement curves and lateral scans on the surface show that this interaction energy and force are comparable to the macroscopic Van der Waals interaction. However, the covalent interaction completely dominates the force gradients probed in the experiments. Hence, this covalent interaction is responsible for the atomic resolution obtained on reactive surfaces and it should play a role in improving the resolution in other systems. Our results provide a clear understanding of a number of issues such as (i) the experimental difficulty in achieving stable operation, (ii) the quality of the images obtained in different experiments and the role of tip preparations and (iii) recently observed discontinuities in the force gradient curves.
nm23 protein expression in fine‐needle aspirates from breast carcinoma (1998)

BACKGROUND. nm23 has been recognized as a potential suppressor gene of metas-
Regulation of fibronectin receptor distribution by transformation, exogenous fibronectin, and synthetic peptides. (1986)

Recent studies have shown that fibronectin and its 140K membrane receptor complex are spatially associated with microfilaments to form cell surface linkage complexes which are thought to mediate adhesive interactions between fibroblasts and their substrata. We examined the regulation of the organization of these cell surface structures in transformed and fibronectin-reconstituted cells as well as in cells treated with a competitive synthetic peptide inhibitor of fibronectin binding to its receptor. Correlative localization experiments with interference reflection microscopy and double-label or triple-label immunofluorescence revealed a concomitant loss of fibronectin, 140K receptor, and alpha-actinin colocalization at cell substratum extracellular matrix contact sites after transformation of chick fibroblasts by wild-type or temperature-sensitive Rous sarcoma viruses (RSV). Western and dot immunoblot analyses established that although similar total quantities of intact 140K molecules were present in the transformed cell cultures, significantly more was released into the culture medium of transformed cells. The 140K molecules on transformed cells were available for interaction with exogenously added fibronectin, which could reconstitute fibronectin-140K linkage complexes. In such fibronectin reconstitution experiments, many cells expressed both fibronectin-140K-actin linkage complexes and RSV pp60src, indicating that the morphological reversion could occur even in the continued presence of RSV transformation. The synthetic peptide Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser derived from the sequence of the cell-binding region of fibronectin could also prevent the organization of fibronectin-140K linkage complexes. Our results suggest that fibronectin interaction with cells regulates the organization of fibronectin receptor complexes and cytoskeletal components at the cell surface.
A time-domain procedure for locating switched capacitors in power distribution systems (2002)

This paper develops a method using transient voltage and current measurements at the substation to determine which capacitor in a multicapacitor feeder switched on to cause a measured transient. The procedure is based upon time-domain analysis where a backward Kalman filter estimates the initial voltage of all feeder capacitors, and those estimates indicate which capacitor switched. The result is an automated procedure that can help electric utilities determine if their capacitors are switching properly, and also help pinpoint the source of capacitor switching-related power-quality problems.
Improved Overall Survival With Oxaliplatin, Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin As Adjuvant Treatment in Stage II or III Colon Cancer in the MOSAIC Trial (2009)

PURPOSE Three-year disease-free survival (DFS) was significantly improved in patients who had undergone resection with curative intent for stage II or III colon cancer who received bolus plus continuous-infusion fluorouracil plus leucovorin (LV5FU2) with the addition of oxaliplatin (FOLFOX4). Final results of the study, including 6-year overall survival (OS) and 5-year updated DFS, are reported. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 2,246 patients were randomly assigned to receive LV5FU2 or FOLFOX4 for 6 months. The primary end point was DFS. Secondary end points were OS and safety. Results Five-year DFS rates were 73.3% and 67.4% in the FOLFOX4 and LV5FU2 groups, respectively (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.80; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.93; P = .003). Six-year OS rates were 78.5% and 76.0% in the FOLFOX4 and LV5FU2 groups, respectively (HR = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.71 to 1.00; P = .046); corresponding 6-year OS rates for patients with stage III disease were 72.9% and 68.7%, respectively (HR = 0.80; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.97; P = .023). No difference in OS was seen in the stage II population. The incidence of second noncolorectal cancers was 5.5% and 6.1% in the FOLFOX4 and LV5FU2 groups, respectively. Among patients receiving oxaliplatin, the frequency of grade 3 peripheral sensory neuropathy was 1.3% 12 months after treatment and 0.7% at 48 months. CONCLUSION Adding oxaliplatin to LV5FU2 significantly improved 5-year DFS and 6-year OS in the adjuvant treatment of stage II or III colon cancer and should be considered after surgery for patients with stage III disease.
Voltage-gated sodium channel expression and action potential generation in differentiated NG108-15 cells (2012)

Differentiation induces expression of voltage-gated Na+ channels and action potential generation in NG108-15 cells. A high level of the Na+ channel density is required for differentiation-triggered action potential generation.
A novel human small subunit of calpains (2002)

Typical calpains are heterodimeric cysteine proteases which have distinct large catalytic subunits (80 kDa) but share a common small regulatory subunit (30 kDa; css1). Here we report the identification, cloning and characterization of a novel human small subunit (css2) encoded by an intronless gene, capns2, located on chromosome 16. This new protein displays 73% sequence identity within the Ca(2+)-binding region but lacks two oligo-Gly stretches characteristic of the N-terminal domain of the conventional small subunit. css2 appears to be the functional equivalent of the conventional small subunit in vitro in that it helps the large subunit fold into the active conformation of similar Ca(2+) sensitivity when the two proteins are co-expressed in Escherichia coli. The purification of various chimaeric rat 80 kDa-human css2 constructs, on the other hand, shows that css2 binds the large subunit much more weakly than css1. Further, it does not undergo the autolytic conversion typical of the classical small subunit. The expression of this protein in vivo, as assessed from its appearance in expressed sequence tag clones, is rather limited, making it an example of a tissue-specific, rather than ubiquitous, small subunit.
Syntax-directed recognition of hand-printed two-dimensional mathematics (1967)

Research in the real-time recognition of hand-printed characters [1--5] offers the possibility of drawing mathematical expressions on a RAND Tablet [6] or similar input device, and obtaining a list of the characters and their positions in an x-, y-coordinate system. This paper discusses the use of a set of replacement rules to recognize, or "parse," such two-dimensional configurations of characters. The replacement rules might be considered to be a generalization of the context-free Backus Normal Form rules used to describe a class of syntaxes for character strings.
On the Evolution of Biochemical Syntheses (1945)

Although it has been recognized for a long time that the biochemistry of the organism is conditioned by its genetic constitution, a more precise definition of this dependence has not been possible until recently. A considerable amount of evidence now exists for the view that there is a one-to-one correspondence between genes and biochemical reactions. This concept, foreshadowed in the work of Garrod(1) on human alcaptonuria, accounts in a satisfactory way for the inheritance of pigment formation in guinea pigs,(2) insects(3) and flowers,(4) and the synthesis of essential growth factors in Neurospora.(5) It appears from these studies that each synthesis is controlled by a set of non-allelic genes, each gene governing a different step in the synthesis. As to the nature of this control, it is probable that the primary action of the gene is concerned with enzyme production. That genes can direct the specificities of proteins has been shown in the case of many antigens,(6) while several mutations demonstrably affecting the production of enzymes have been reported.(6) Evidence on the postulated gene-enzyme relationship is in most cases, however, still circumstantial; this is partly because of technical difficulties involved in the study of synthetic, or free-energy consuming reactions in vitro, and partly because of the insufficiency of biochemical information on those reactions which happen to be susceptible of genetic analysis.
Magnetotactic Bacteria and Magnetosomes (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTMagnetotactic Bacteria and MagnetosomesDamien Faivre† and Dirk Schüler*‡View Author Information Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany, and Microbiology, Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Biozentrum, Groβhaderner Strasse 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: +49-89-2180-74502. Fax: +49-89-2180-74515. E-mail: [email protected]†Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces.‡Microbiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 11, 4875–4898Publication Date (Web):October 15, 2008Publication History Received12 February 2008Published online15 October 2008Published inissue 12 November 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr078258whttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr078258wreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views11690Altmetric-Citations651LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Bacteria,Crystals,Iron,Magnetite,Nanoparticles Get e-Alerts
Technology of Fluoropolymers (2008)

Fully revised and updated, this second edition continues to provide industrial chemists, technologists, and engineers with the most accurate, compact, and practical source on fluoropolymers (such as Teflon). Highlighting new industrial, military, medical, and consumer goods applications, this edition adds more detailed information on equipment and