gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic structure visualization for video editing (1993)

We developed intelligent functions for the automatic description of video structure, and visualization methods for temporal-spatial video structures obtained by these functions as well as for the functions. The functions offer descriptions of cut separations, motion of the camera and filmed objects, tracts and contour lines of objects, existence of objects, and periods of existence. Furthermore, identical objects are automatically linked. Thus the visualization methods supported by object-links allow users to freely browse and directly manipulate the structure including descriptions and raw video data.
Renal denervation: a potential new treatment modality for polycystic ovary syndrome? (2011)

These findings corroborate the relevance of sympathetic activation in PCOS and suggest that renal denervation exerts beneficial effects not only on blood pressure control but also on insulin sensitivity, renal, and endocrine abnormalities characteristic of PCOS.
The Dose of Growth Factors Influences the Synergistic Effect of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor on Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4–Induced Ectopic Bone Formation (2009)

Although vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to act synergistically with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)2 and BMP4 to promote ectopic endochondral bone formation via cell-based BMP gene therapy, the optimal ratio of VEGF to either of the BMPs required to obtain this beneficial effect remains unclear. In the current study, two cell types (C2C12, NIH/3T3) were retrovirally transduced to express BMP4 only or both BMP4 and VEGF. The resulting groups of cells were tested for their cellular proliferation, in vitro mineralization capacity, survival potential, and ability to undergo ectopic bone formation when implanted into a gluteofemoral muscle pocket created in severe combined immunodeficient mice. Results showed that VEGF inhibited the in vitro calcification of C2C12 and NIH/3T3 cells transduced to express BMP4. In vivo, C2C12 and NIH/3T3 cells expressing BMP4 and VEGF displayed significantly less bone formation than the same cells expressing only BMP4. In vivo, our results indicated that, when the ratio of VEGF to BMP4 is high, a detrimental effect on ectopic bone formation is observed; however, when the ratio is kept low and constant over time, the detrimental effect that VEGF has on ectopic bone formation is lost. Our studies revealed that VEGF's synergistic role in BMP4 induced ectopic bone formation is dose and cell-type dependent, which is an important consideration for cell-based gene therapy and tissue engineering for bone healing.
Dimerization of MLL fusion proteins and FLT3 activation synergize to induce multiple-lineage leukemogenesis (2005)

The mechanisms by which mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) fusion products resulting from in utero translocations in 11q23 contribute to leukemogenesis and infant acute leukemia remain elusive. It is still controversial whether the MLL fusion protein is sufficient to induce acute leukemia without additional genetic alterations, although carcinogenesis in general is known to result from more than 1 genetic disorder accumulating during a lifetime. Here we demonstrate that the fusion partner–mediated homo-oligomerization of MLL-SEPT6 is essential to immortalize hematopoietic progenitors in vitro. MLL-SEPT6 induced myeloproliferative disease with long latency in mice, but not acute leukemia, implying that secondary genotoxic events are required to develop leukemia. We developed in vitro and in vivo model systems of leukemogenesis by MLL fusion proteins, where activated FMS-like receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) together with MLL-SEPT6 not only transformed hematopoietic progenitors in vitro but also induced acute biphenotypic or myeloid leukemia with short latency in vivo. In these systems, MLL-ENL, another type of the fusion product that seems to act as a monomer, also induced the transformation in vitro and leukemogenesis in vivo in concert with activated FLT3. These findings show direct evidence for a multistep leukemogenesis mediated by MLL fusion proteins and may be applicable to development of direct MLL fusion–targeted therapy.
Biochemistry, molecular biology, and drug discovery (1995)

Section 1: Biochemistry and molecular biology of viral proteins. 1.: The HIV life cycle. 2.: Reverse transcriptase. 3.: Ribonuclease H. 4.: Integrase. 5.: Protease. 6.: Expression of gag, envelope and other HIV antigens using Bacculovirus. 7.: Envelope expression and purification. 8.: HIV envelope expression and purification. 9.: RNA binding assays for the regulatory proteins tat and rev. 10.: Cellular and cell-free assays for tat. 11.: Cellular assays for rev. 12.: DNA binding proteins interacting with the viral LTR. 13.: Nef. 14.: Vpu. 15.: Vif. Section 2: Drug discovery. 16.: Cellular assays for antiviral drugs. 17.: Inhibition of HIV by ribozymes and antisense oligonucleotides. 18.: Gene therapy approaches to the inhibition of HIV
Genetic association and epistatic interaction of the interleukin-10 signaling pathway in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (2017)

These results indicate that both the <i>IL-10</i> gene itself, and through epistatic interaction with genes within the IL-10/STAT3 signaling pathway, contribute to the risk of pediatric IBD.
Tumor-immune profiling of murine syngeneic tumor models as a framework to guide mechanistic studies and predict therapy response in distinct tumor microenvironments (2018)

Mouse syngeneic tumor models are widely used tools to demonstrate activity of novel anti-cancer immunotherapies. Despite their widespread use, a comprehensive view of their tumor-immune compositions and their relevance to human tumors has only begun to emerge. We propose each model possesses a unique tumor-immune infiltrate profile that can be probed with immunotherapies to inform on anti-tumor mechanisms and treatment strategies in human tumors with similar profiles. In support of this endeavor, we characterized the tumor microenvironment of four commonly used models and demonstrate they encompass a range of immunogenicities, from highly immune infiltrated RENCA tumors to poorly infiltrated B16F10 tumors. Tumor cell lines for each model exhibit different intrinsic factors in vitro that likely influence immune infiltration upon subcutaneous implantation. Similarly, solid tumors in vivo for each model are unique, each enriched in distinct features ranging from pathogen response elements to antigen presentation machinery. As RENCA tumors progress in size, all major T cell populations diminish while myeloid-derived suppressor cells become more enriched, possibly driving immune suppression and tumor progression. In CT26 tumors, CD8 T cells paradoxically increase in density yet are restrained as tumor volume increases. Finally, immunotherapy treatment across these different tumor-immune landscapes segregate into responders and non-responders based on features partially dependent on pre-existing immune infiltrates. Overall, these studies provide an important resource to enhance our translation of syngeneic models to human tumors. Future mechanistic studies paired with this resource will help identify responsive patient populations and improve strategies where immunotherapies are predicted to be ineffective.
Brown adipose tissue oxidative metabolism contributes to energy expenditure during acute cold exposure in humans (2012)

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is vital for proper thermogenesis during cold exposure in rodents, but until recently its presence in adult humans and its contribution to human metabolism were thought to be minimal or insignificant. Recent studies using PET with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) have shown the presence of BAT in adult humans. However, whether BAT contributes to cold-induced nonshivering thermogenesis in humans has not been proven. Using PET with 11C-acetate, 18FDG, and 18F-fluoro-thiaheptadecanoic acid (18FTHA), a fatty acid tracer, we have quantified BAT oxidative metabolism and glucose and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) turnover in 6 healthy men under controlled cold exposure conditions. All subjects displayed substantial NEFA and glucose uptake upon cold exposure. Furthermore, we demonstrated cold-induced activation of oxidative metabolism in BAT, but not in adjoining skeletal muscles and subcutaneous adipose tissue. This activation was associated with an increase in total energy expenditure. We found an inverse relationship between BAT activity and shivering. We also observed an increase in BAT radio density upon cold exposure, indicating reduced BAT triglyceride content. In sum, our study provides evidence that BAT acts as a nonshivering thermogenesis effector in humans.
Humanin, a Newly Identified Neuroprotective Factor, Uses the G Protein-Coupled Formylpeptide Receptor-Like-1 as a Functional Receptor (2004)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by overproduction of beta amyloid peptides in the brain with progressive loss of neuronal cells. The 42-aa form of the beta amyloid peptide (Abeta(42)) is implied as a major causative factor, because it is toxic to neurons and elicits inflammatory responses in the brain by activating microglial cells. Despite the overproduction of Abeta(42), AD brain tissue also generates protective factor(s) that may antagonize the neurodestructive effect of Abeta(42). Humanin is a gene cloned from an apparently normal region of an AD brain and encodes a 24-aa peptide. Both secreted and synthetic Humanin peptides protect neuronal cells from damage by Abeta(42), and the effect of Humanin may involve putative cellular receptor(s). To elucidate the molecular identity of such receptor(s), we examined the activity of synthetic Humanin on various cells and found that Humanin induced chemotaxis of mononuclear phagocytes by using a human G protein-coupled formylpeptide receptor-like-1 (FPRL1) and its murine counterpart FPR2. Coincidentally, FPRL1 and FPR2 are also functional receptors used by Abeta(42) to chemoattract and activate phagocytic cells. Humanin reduced the aggregation and fibrillary formation by suppressing the effect of Abeta(42) on mononuclear phagocytes. In neuroblast cells, Humanin and Abeta(42) both activated FPRL1; however, only Abeta(42) caused apoptotic death of the cells, and its cytopathic effect was blocked by Humanin. We conclude that Humanin shares human FPRL1 and mouse FPR2 with Abeta(42) and suggest that Humanin may exert its neuroprotective effects by competitively inhibiting the access of FPRL1 to Abeta(42).
Modulation and demodulation techniques in optical heterodyne PSK transmission systems (1990)

Modulation and demodulation techniques are described for an optical PSK heterodyne transmission system operating at 560 Mb/s and 1.2 Gb/s. Performance limitations affecting the receiver sensitivity in a 1.2-Gb/s DPSK system, such as laser phase noise, phase modulation depth, IF center frequency deviation, and local laser power, are studied. High receiver sensitivities for PSK systems were achieved. The applicability of the Mach-Zehnder modulator as a phase modulator for 1.2-Gb/s DPSK is also demonstrated. A 1.2-Gb/s DPSK transmission of over 100 km, using polarization diversity with novel polarization-insensitive automatic frequency control in an attempt to overcome signal fading caused by polarization fluctuation in the transmitting fiber, is also described. A receiver sensitivity of less than -42.8 dBm and varying within 1.4 dB for all states of polarization was achieved. A multichannel high-definition TV (HDTV) transmission experiment using a DPSK polarization-diversity tunable receiver is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Hydrotalcites as sorbent for 2,4,6-trinitrophenol: influence of the layer composition and interlayer anion (2002)

This work evaluates the effects of different variables such as MII/MIII ratio (layer charge), interlayer anion (CO32− or Cl−) and nature of the trivalent cation (Al3+ or Fe3+) in the sorption of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) by layered double hydroxides (LDH) [MII1 − xMIIIx(OH)2]An−x/n·mH2O (MII = Mg2+, MIII = Al3+ or Fe3+, A = CO32− or Cl−, x = 0.33 − 0.20) and its calcined products MII1 − xMIIIxO1 + x/2. TNP adsorption by anionic exchange is strongly affected by exchangeable interlayer anion, being dramatically favoured in the case of MgAlCl. TNP adsorption by anionic exchange on the MgAlCO3 system is very low and it is not affected by the Mg/Al ratio while it is in MgAlCl. In the case of the MgFeCl system, the higher polarizing character of Fe3+ makes the exchange reaction less favorable. TNP adsorption by reconstruction of the calcined products decreases in the order MgAlCO3500 > MgAlCl500 > MgFeCl500, and it is favored by the layer charge decrease.
Single session of brief electrical stimulation immediately following crush injury enhances functional recovery of rat facial nerve (2012)

Peripheral nerve injuries lead to a variety of pathological conditions, including paresis or paralysis when the injury involves motor axons. We have been studying ways to enhance the regeneration of peripheral nerves using daily electrical stimulation (ES) following a facial nerve crush injury. In our previous studies, ES was not initiated until 24 h after injury. The current experiment tested whether ES administered immediately following the crush injury would further decrease the time for complete recovery from facial paralysis. Rats received a unilateral facial nerve crush injury and an electrode was positioned on the nerve proximal to the crush site. Animals received daily 30 min sessions of ES for 1 d (day of injury only), 2 d, 4 d, 7 d, or daily until complete functional recovery. Untreated animals received no ES. Animals were observed daily for the return of facial function. Our findings demonstrated that one session of ES was as effective as daily stimulation at enhancing the recovery of most functional parameters. Therefore, the use of a single 30 min session of ES as a possible treatment strategy should be studied in human patients with paralysis as a result of acute nerve injuries.
Sinus augmentation bone grafts for the provision of dental implants: report of clinical outcome. (2003)

The sinus augmentation procedure using autogenous bone grafting can Increase bone volume to allow implant placement where there is insufficient bone. The survival of implants in the grafted bone, as measured by integration and successful loading, was reduced compared to implants placed in normal maxillary bone. Infection during the healing of the grafted site reduces the success of subsequent implant osseointegration.
Silica Xerogel as a Continuous Column Support for High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (1996)

A preliminary study of the chromatographic performance and permeability of a continuous silica xerogel column under reversed-phase HPLC conditions was performed. A porous chromatographic support was synthesized inside a 0.32 mm i.d. × 13 cm fused silica tube from potassium silicate solution and derivatized with dimethyloctadecylchlorosilane. The plate height at 0.01 cm/s (0.5 μL/min), near the apparent optimum linear velocity, was about 65 μm. The column efficiencies in terms of numbers of plates per meter were 5000 and 13 000 for ethyl benzoate (k = 0.8) and naphthalene (k = 2.0), respectively, at 0.5 μL/min. The major parameter affecting column efficiency was the heterogeneous morphology of the xerogel, modifications to which are expected to improve chromatographic performance. The column provided efficiencies comparable to those reported for continuous polymeric columns but less than that previously reported for a continuous silica column. Gradient elution mode was demonstrated with a mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The column was highly permeable, exhibiting a linear dependence of pressure to flow rate and a back pressure of only 632 psi at 10 μL/min when a 95% aqueous mobile phase was used.
Safety and efficacy study on etanercept in patients with plaque psoriasis (2005)

[No abstract available]
Subjective Measurement of High-Order Aberrations of the Eye (1976)

We used an apparatus similar to Tscherning's aberroscope, and analyzed subjects' drawings to obtain the wave aberration surfaces of 55 eyes. This analysis permitted a Taylor series representation of the wave aberrations to terms of the fourth order. The results revealed a wide variety in type and severity of high-order aberrations in which "cylindrical" aberrations were prominent and cases of classical spherical aberrations were rare. We computed the monochromatic modulation transfer function curves for the range of observations. The overall findings suggest a more prominent role for monochromatic high-order aberrations in degrading the visual image than has hitherto been assumed.
Long-term pressure monitoring with arterial applanation tonometry: A non-invasive alternative during clinical intervention? (2008)

Arterial tonometry is a non-invasive technique for continuous registration of arterial pressure waveforms. This study aims to assess tonometric blood pressure recording (TBP) as an alternative for invasive long-term bedside monitoring. A prospective study was set up where patients undergoing neurosurgical intervention were subjected to both invasive (IBP) and non-invasive (TBP) blood pressure monitoring during the entire procedure. A single-element tonometric pressure transducer was used to better investigate different inherent error sources of TBP measurement. A total of 5.7 hours of combined IBP and TBP were recorded from three patients. Although TBP performed fairly well as an alternative for IBP in steady state scenarios and some short-term variations, it could not detect relevant long-term pressure variations at all times. These findings are discussed in comparison to existing work. Physiological alterations at the site of TBP measurement are highlighted as a potentially important source of artifacts. It is concluded that at this point arterial tonometry remains not enough understood for long-term use during a delicate operative procedure. Physiological changes at the TBP measurement site deserve further investigation before tonometry technology is to be considered as an non-invasive alternative for long-term clinical monitoring.
Pharmacokinetics and red cell utilization of 52Fe/59Fe‐labelled iron polymaltose in anaemic patients using positron emission tomography (2003)

Parenteral iron-polysaccharide complexes are increasingly applied. The pharmacokinetics of iron sucrose have been assessed by our group using positron emission tomography (PET). A single intravenous injection of 100 mg iron as iron (III) hydroxide-polymaltose complex, labelled with a tracer in the form of 52Fe/59Fe, was similarly assessed in six patients using PET for about 8 h. Red cell utilization was followed for 4 weeks. Iron polymaltose was similarly distributed to the liver, spleen and bone marrow. However, a larger proportion of this complex was rapidly distributed to the bone marrow. The shorter equilibration phase for the liver, about 25 min, indicates the minimal role of the liver for direct distribution. Splenic uptake also reflected the reticuloendothelial handling of this complex. Red cell utilization ranged from 61% to 99%. Despite the relatively higher uptake by the bone marrow, there was no saturation of marrow transport systems at this dose level. In conclusion, high red cell utilization of iron polymaltose occurred in anaemic patients. The major portion of the injected dose was rapidly distributed to the bone marrow. In addition, the reticuloendothelial uptake of this complex may reflect the safety of polysaccharide complexes. Non-saturation of transport systems to the bone marrow indicated the presence of a large interstitial transport pool, which might possibly be transferrin.
Using IVDS and VBI for interactive television (1996)

The system architecture for the IVDS/VBI interactive system consists of a set top box, a base receiver station (BRS), a data server and a VBI server. The Set top strips data from the incoming television signal and processes it accordingly. The set top supports all the functionality of a cable converter unit in addition to VGA computer graphics and composite video capabilities. The interactive data service display uses standard hypertext marking language (HTML) display definitions. This is the same capability used in defining Internet Web pages. These HTML files are displayed and interacted through a "browser" which translates the HTML files into visual displays and translates mouse activity into system events to be acted upon. The browser is similar to many of the existing World Wide Web browsers that are publicly available.
Oligodendrocyte progenitors isolated directly from developing telencephalon at a specific phenotypic stage: myelinogenic potential in a defined environment (1989)

Oligodendroglia differentiate asynchronously in the developing central nervous system, passing through a series of stages identified by the sequential expression of specific differentiation antigens, culminating in the formation of the myelin sheath. In the work presented here, oligodendrocyte progenitors at a temporally narrow and well-defined phenotypic stage of development have been isolated in high purity and yield directly from postnatal rat telencephalon. This stage is identified by the expression of the O4 antigen, the earliest recognized surface marker specific for the oligodendroglial lineage, but the absence of the differentiation marker galactosylcerebroside (GalC). These O4+ GalC- progenitors first appear at birth (10(5)/telencephalon), 2-3 days before O4+ GalC+ oligodendrocytes. The work presented here demonstrates that a major subpopulation of O4+ GalC- progenitors (80%), which we have termed 'proligodendrocytes', is fully committed to terminal oligodendrocyte differentiation. A relatively small, maximal set of nutritional supplements are sufficient for proligodendrocytes to carry out the myelinogenic cascade of differentiated gene expression in a temporally normal manner, in quantitatively significant amounts, in normal ratios of myelin protein isoforms, and in a regulated relationship to the inclusion of myelin-specific products into myelin-like membrane sheets. An important corollary is that this step of myelinogenesis does not require contact with other cell types, in particular neurones and astrocytes, nor does it require unknown growth factors unique to these cell types. Additionally under these conditions, there exists a developmentally quiescent subpopulation (20%) of O4+ GalC- cells that may have significance for understanding the progenitors previously described in adult brain and suggested to be instrumental in remyelination under pathological conditions.