gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microdosimetric concepts in radioimmunotherapy (1993)

In microdosimetry particular emphasis is placed on the stochastic fluctuation of dose in small target volumes such as individual cell nuclei or chromatin fiber, and their relevance to radiobiologic toxicity. Thus microdosimetry is intimately associated with models of radiation action. There are three principal areas where microdosimetry has been applied: (1) radiation protection, (2) high LET radiotherapy, e.g., neutron therapy, and (3) incorporated radionuclides, and in this latter category the importance of microdosimetry to the radiobiology of radiolabeled antibodies is becoming increasingly recognized. The objective of microdosimetry is the complete characterization of energy deposition within all target volumes throughout the tissue of interest. The importance and relevance of this pursuit will depend upon the properties of the radionuclide emissions and the spatial distribution of the radionuclide relative to the target volumes. If the distribution of internal emitters within both malignant and normal tissue is uniform, the application of microdosimetry to radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is limited to alpha-emitters and Auger emitters. Under such circumstances the traditional MIRD formalism for the evaluation of tumor and tissue doses from the commonly used beta-emitters is entirely adequate. This, however, is rarely the case. When the distribution of radiolabeled antibody is nonuniform, techniques of dose averaging over volumes greater in size than the individual target volumes can become inadequate predictors of the biological effect. The concepts, methods, and realm of applicability of microdosimetry within the field of radioimmunotherapy are emphasized in this paper.
GLYCOSYLATION MUTANTS OF ANIMAL CELLS (1984)

Orthologs and paralogs are two fundamentally different types of homologous genes that evolved, respectively, by vertical descent from a single ancestral gene and by duplication. Orthology and paralogy are key concepts of evolutionary genomics. A ...Read More
ROLE OF ENDOTHELIUM IN THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS (1996)

Vascular endothelium is strategically located at the interface between tissue and blood. It is pivotal for protecting against vascular injury and maintaining blood fluidity. Normal endothelium releases prostacyclin and nitric oxide, potent inhibitors of platelet and monocyte activation and vasodilators. Their syntheses are governed by isoforms of enzymes. Normal endothelial surface expresses ecto-adenosine diphosphatase, which degrades adenosine diphosphate and inhibits platelet aggregation; thrombomodulin, which serves as a binding site for thrombin to activate protein C; and heparin-like molecules, which serve as a cofactor for antithrombin III. Normal endothelium secretes tissue plasminogen activator, which activates the fibrinolysis system. Endothelium produces and secretes von Willebrand factor, which mediates platelet adhesion and shear-stress-induced aggregation. Injury to endothelium is accompanied by loss of protective molecules and expression of adhesive molecules, procoagulant activities, and mitogenic factors, leading to development of thrombosis, smooth muscle cell migration, and proliferation and atherosclerosis.
Local Hyperthermia of the Prostate Gland for the Treatment of Benign Prstatic Hypertrophy and Urinary Retention: A Preliminary Report (1987)

The Prostathermer (TM), a system designed to deliver hyperthermic treatment to the prostate gland, was used to treat six patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy and urinary retention. The 99-D model consists of a microwave generator operating at 915 MHz, an applicator with a built-in water cooling system, temperature probes and an IBM PC-XT type computer. The treatment regimen differed from patient to patient in the number of treatments (range 5-10), frequency per week (range 1-2), and average radiofrequency (RF) transmission. Sustained controlled heating of the prostatic tissue up to 39.4 to 45.2 degrees C was carried out for 60 min in each session. Five patients were relieved of their indwelling catheters and at follow-up 6 months after termination of therapy they were well by objective and subjective criteria. No complications were encountered. This is preliminary report of our results of treatment with 47 hyperthermic sessions in six patients.
Analysis of Commonly Abused Drugs in Urine at Selected Threshold (Cutoff) Concentrations (1992)

Journal Article Analysis of Commonly Abused Drugs in Urine at Selected Threshold (Cutoff) Concentrations Get access I D Watson I D Watson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 38, Issue 3, 1 March 1992, Page 441, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/38.3.441 Published: 01 March 1992
Stream schema (2010)

Schemas, and more generally metadata specifying structural and semantic constraints, are invaluable in data management.They facilitate conceptual design and enable checking of data consistency.They also play an important role in permitting semantic query optimization, that is, optimization and processing strategies that are often highly effective, but only correct for data conforming to a given schema.While the use of metadata is well-established in relational and XML databases, the same is not true for data streams.The existing work mostly focuses on the specification of dynamic information.In this paper, we consider the specification of static metadata for streams in a model called Stream Schema.We show how Stream Schema can be used to validate the consistency of streams.By explicitly modeling stream constraints, we show that stream queries can be simplified by removing predicates or subqueries that check for consistency.This can greatly enhance programmability of stream processing systems.We also present a set of semantic query optimization strategies that both permit compiletime checking of queries (for example, to detect empty queries) and new runtime processing options, options that would not have been possible without a Stream Schema specification.Case studies on two stream processing platforms (covering different applications and underlying stream models), along with an experimental evaluation, show the benefits of Stream Schema.
Differential regulation of the N-myc gene in transfected cells and transgenic mice. (1990)

The N-myc gene is expressed specifically in the early developmental stages of numerous cell lineages. To assay for sequences that could potentially regulate N-myc expression, we transfected constructs that contained murine N-myc genomic sequences linked to a reporter gene and genomic clones that contained the complete human or murine N-myc genes into cell lines that either express or do not express the endogenous N-myc gene. Following either transient or stable transfection, the introduced N-myc sequences were expressed regardless of the expression status of the endogenous gene. In contrast, when the clones containing the complete human N-myc gene were introduced into the germline of transgenic mice, expression in some transgenic lines paralleled the tissue- and stage-specific expression of the endogenous murine gene. These findings demonstrate differences in the regulation of N-myc genes in recipient cells following in vitro versus in vivo introduction, suggesting that early developmental events may play a role in the regulation of N-myc expression.
Controlling hydrogelation kinetics by peptide design for three-dimensional encapsulation and injectable delivery of cells (2007)

A peptide-based hydrogelation strategy has been developed that allows homogenous encapsulation and subsequent delivery of C3H10t1/2 mesenchymal stem cells. Structure-based peptide design afforded MAX8, a 20-residue peptide that folds and self-assembles in response to DMEM resulting in mechanically rigid hydrogels. The folding and self-assembly kinetics of MAX8 have been tuned so that when hydrogelation is triggered in the presence of cells, the cells become homogeneously impregnated within the gel. A unique characteristic of these gel-cell constructs is that when an appropriate shear stress is applied, the hydrogel will shear-thin resulting in a low-viscosity gel. However, after the application of shear has stopped, the gel quickly resets and recovers its initial mechanical rigidity in a near quantitative fashion. This property allows gel/cell constructs to be delivered via syringe with precision to target sites. Homogenous cellular distribution and cell viability are unaffected by the shear thinning process and gel/cell constructs stay fixed at the point of introduction, suggesting that these gels may be useful for the delivery of cells to target biological sites in tissue regeneration efforts.
Towards a Therapeutic Use of Selective CB2Cannabinoid Receptor Ligands for Atherosclerosis (2005)

Atherosclerosis remains the primary cause of heart disease and stroke, causing approximately 50% of all deaths in Western countries. The identification of promising novel anti-atherosclerotic therapies is therefore of great interest and represents a continued challenge to the medical community. Cannabinoids, such as Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), which is the major psychoactive compound of marijuana, modulate immune functions and might therefore be of therapeutic use for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The authors have demonstrated recently that oral treatment with low dose THC inhibits atherosclerosis progression in mice through pleiotropic immunomodulatory effects on inflammatory cells. All these effects were mediated via the cannabinoid receptor CB(2), the main cannabinoid receptor expressed on immune cells. However, these promising results are in conflict with the known health risks of smoking marijuana, as THC binds to and activates both cannabinoid receptors, CB(1) and CB(2). The identification and characterization of cannabinoid derivative that selectively activate CB(2) receptors and are devoid of adverse effects might offer a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
Immunomodulatory IL‐18 binding protein is produced by prostate cancer cells and its levels in urine and serum correlate with tumor status (2010)

Cytokines may play a role in the initiation and progression of prostate cancer. A cytokine antibody array was previously applied to prostatic fluid obtained from patients with prostate cancer, and interleukin 18 binding protein (IL-18BP), a potent inhibitor of interleukin 18, was noted to be significantly upregulated in cases with large volume disease. We sought to further characterize the association of IL-18BP with prostate cancer and determine whether IL-18BP levels in patient serum and urine samples had clinical relevance. IL-18BP was expressed and secreted by the prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC3 but not by LNCaP and CWR22, upon interferon-γ (IFN-γ) stimulation. IFN-γ-induced secretion of IL-18BP was enhanced by added TNF-α, IFN-α and IFN-β. The IL-18BP secreted from DU145 and PC3 functionally inhibited IL-18. Immunohistochemical analyses showed positive IL-18BP staining in prostate cancer cells as well as in macrophages in radical prostatectomy specimens. Significant differences in urinary IL-18BP levels (normalized by total protein) collected post-DRE were found between cases with and without cancer on biopsy (p = 0.02) and serum IL-18BP levels correlated with Gleason score (p = 0.03). Our finding of elevated IL-18BP secretion from prostate cancer cells suggests an attempt by cancer to escape immune surveillance. IL-18BP merits further study as a marker of aggressive prostate cancer and as a therapeutic target.
Relationship between level of PD-L1 expression and outcomes in the KEYNOTE-010 study of pembrolizumab vs docetaxel for previously treated, PD-L1–Positive NSCLC. (2016)

9015 Background: In the phase III KEYNOTE-010 study (NCT01905657), pembrolizumab (pembro; MK-3475) provided superior OS over docetaxel (doce) in patients (pts) with previously treated, PD-L1–positive advanced NSCLC (P = 0.0008 for 2 mg/kg and P < 0.0001 for 10 mg/kg in the total [tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥ 1%] population). We assessed outcomes in KEYNOTE-010 when PD-L1 was further categorized as a TPS of 1%-24%, 25%-49%, 50%-74%, and ≥ 75%. Methods: Pts with progression after ≥ 2 cycles of platinum-doublet chemotherapy and PD-L1 TPS ≥ 1% assessed by IHC (22C3 antibody) were randomized to pembro 2 or 10 mg/kg Q3W or doce 75 mg/m2 Q3W for 24 mo or until progression, intolerable toxicity, or other reason. PD-L1 TPS 1%-49% vs ≥ 50% was a randomization stratification factor. Response was assessed centrally per RECIST v1.1 every 9 wk. Survival was assessed every 2 mo. Primary end points were OS and PFS; ORR was secondary. Pembro doses were pooled for this analysis. Results: Of the 2222 pts screened for PD-L1, 33.6% had TPS < 1% and were ineligible. Of the 1034 pts who met all eligibility criteria and enrolled, PD-L1 TPS was 1%-24% in 45.6% of pts, 25%-49% in 11.6%, 50%-74% in 15.3%, and ≥ 75% in 27.5%. Doce outcomes were similar regardless of TPS (Table). For pembro, OS, PFS, and ORR generally increased along with TPS, with the longest OS and PFS and highest ORR in pts with TPS ≥ 75% (Table). Pembro provided longer OS than doce in all 4 TPS categories evaluated. Conclusions: Increasing PD-L1 expression was associated with more favorable outcomes with pembro, but not with doce, verifying PD-L1 as a predictive biomarker for pembro in NSCLC. Pembro improved OS over doce even at the lowest TPS category assessed. Clinical trial information: NCT01905657.Pembro/Doce TPS 1%-24% n = 324/147 TPS 25%-49% n = 76/44 TPS 50%-74% n = 106/52 TPS ≥ 75% n = 184/100 OS Median, mo 9.7/8.5 9.8/9.9 15.8/8.2 16.6/8.2 HR (95% CI) 0.74 (0.56-0.96) 0.86 (0.51-1.45) 0.58 (0.36-0.95) 0.51 (0.36-0.73) P* .01 .29 .01 < .0001 PFS Median, mo 2.6/4.0 2.9/3.8 4.3/4.3 6.2/4.0 HR (95% CI) 1.08 (0.86-1.36) 0.95 (0.60-1.50) 0.78 (0.52-1.17) 0.52 (0.38-0.69) P* .74 .42 .12 < .0001 ORR, % 8.6/10.9 15.8/9.1 22.6/9.6 33.7/7.0 P* .76 .14 .01 < .0001 *P values are nominal.
Structure and regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase genes of metazoa (2004)

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) plays a fundamental role in fatty acid metabolism. The reaction product, malonyl-CoA, is both an intermediate in the de novo synthesis of long-chain fatty acids and also a substrate for distinct fatty acyl-CoA elongation enzymes. In metazoans, which have evolved energy storage tissues to fuel locomotion and to survive periods of starvation, energy charge sensing at the level of the individual cell plays a role in fuel selection and metabolic orchestration between tissues. In mammals, and probably other metazoans, ACC forms a component of an energy sensor with malonyl-CoA, acting as a signal to reciprocally control the mitochondrial transport step of long-chain fatty acid oxidation through the inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I). To reflect this pivotal role in cell function, ACC is subject to complex regulation. Higher metazoan evolution is associated with the duplication of an ancestral ACC gene, and with organismal complexity, there is an increasing diversity of transcripts from the ACC paraloges with the potential for the existence of several isozymes. This review focuses on the structure of ACC genes and the putative individual roles of their gene products in fatty acid metabolism, taking an evolutionary viewpoint provided by data in genome databases.
Nanoscale Topography: A Tool to Enhance Pore Order and Pore Size Distribution in Anodic Aluminum Oxide (2011)

In nanoporous alumina, surface pretreatment prior to the anodization process plays a crucial role in the nanopore formation, strongly influencing their organization and size uniformity. In this work, an effective control of the anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) hexagonal order and nanopore size uniformity was achieved by simply changing the initial aluminum electropolishing pretreatment time. A drastic change in the nanoscale topography of the treated aluminum foils was observed, and intrinsic features were revealed. The effect of such distinct landscapes on the AAO surface after first and second anodization processes was studied in detail. Quantitative analysis of the AAO surface after the second anodization enabled establishing a close correlation between aluminum surface roughness and AAO pore order and regularity.
ATTRACTIVE FORCES AT INTERFACES (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTATTRACTIVE FORCES AT INTERFACESFrederick M. FowkesCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1964, 56, 12, 40–52Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50660a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50660a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views9948Altmetric-Citations2722LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Changes in neurite outgrowth but not in cell division induced by low EMF exposure: influence of field strength and culture conditions on responses in rat PC12 pheochromocytoma cells (2000)

The effects of low electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure (4.5-15.8 muT, 50 Hz AC) on neurite outgrowth and cell division in rat PC12 pheochromocytoma cells were examined. The study involved two separate experimental series in which culture conditions during exposure to the magnetic fields differed. In series 1 (14 experiments in which culture conditions were not strongly conducive to cell differentiation [15% serum]), exposure to 4.5-8.25 muT for 23 h significantly inhibited neurite outgrowth by 21.5 +/- 1.3% (by Manova, p = 0.003). In contrast, in series 2 (12 experiments in which culture conditions promoted cellular differentiation [4% serum]), exposure to 4.35-8.25 muT for 23 h significantly stimulated neurite outgrowth by 16.9 +/- 1.1% (by Manova, p = 0.009). Thus, in both series, exposure to a narrow range of low EMF has significant, but opposite effects on neurite outgrowth. Exposure to higher fields, 8.25-12.5 muT (series 1) and 8.25-15.8 muT (series 2) had no significant effect on neurite outgrowth. These data, when considered with other reports, suggest that neuronal differentiation can be altered by low level EMF exposure. While this may not be detrimental, it merits further research. At present, the reasons for the significant changes in neurite outgrowth being confined to the same narrow field strength are unclear. As stated above, culture conditions in series 2 were more conducive to cell differentiation than those in series 1. This is reflected in the lower number of cells in control samples in series 2, at the end of the 23-h incubation, than in series 1 (-16.9 +/- 1.7%, p = 0.003). As the same numbers were plated in both series, the medium used in series 1 allows more of the PC12 cells to divide; this is consistent: with some cells reverting to a non-neuronal adrenal chromaffin phenotype [L. Greene, A. Tischler. Establishment of a noradrenergic clonal line of rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells which respond to nerve growth factor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 73 (1976) 2424-2426]. Exposure to both ranges of magnetic fields (4.35-8.25 and 8.25-15.8 muT) has no effect on cell division. Thus, there is no evidence in this study that there is a mitogenic effect arising from low EMF exposure. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.
N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Mercury, Silver, Iridium, Platinum, Ruthenium, and Palladium Based on the Calix[4]arene Skeleton (2009)

Two independent pathways to Ag(I)−N-heterocyclic-calix[4]arene complexes (5a,b and 6−8) starting from three calix[4]arenes bearing one or two (distal or proximal) imidazolium substituents attached at the upper rim via a methylene linker are described. Complexes 5 were synthesized using the free carbene route, and complexes 6−8 were obtained via in situ formation of the N-heterocyclic carbene by deprotonation and reaction with Ag2O. The structure of 5a could be verified by an X-ray single-crystal structure determination. 1H NMR studies of the compounds 5a,b showed dynamic behavior in solution, similar to a conformational change observed for known phosphine-based calixarene ligands. Using the imidazolium−calixarenes as precursors, NHC complexes of mercury, iridium, platinum, and ruthenium have been prepared and characterized. Additionally, cis and trans Pd(II)−N-heterocyclic-calix[4]arene complexes (3 and 13) were synthesized independently by in situ deprotonation of 2 with Pd(OAc)2 and by transmetalation using Ag(I) complex 6 as a supramolecular carbene transfer reagent, respectively. Both isomeric complexes 3 and 13 were tested as catalysts in the Suzuki−Miyaura reaction and compared to previously reported in situ systems. Both isolated complexes exhibit, independently of their geometry, the same catalytic activity, which is superior to the in situ system used for comparison.
Paenibacillus graminis sp. nov. and Paenibacillus odorifer sp. nov., isolated from plant roots, soil and food. (2002)

Sixteen gram-positive endospore-forming bacteria previously isolated from soil, plant rhizospheres, plant roots and pasteurized pureed vegetables were studied to determine their taxonomic positions. The isolates were formerly identified as Bacillus circulans based on their biochemical characters using API galleries. Two of these strains, RSA19T and TOD45T, were recently assigned to the genus Paenibacillus based on phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA (rrs) gene sequence. In the present work, the sixteen isolates were assigned to two genomospecies using DNA-DNA hybridization, in agreement with rrs gene sequence analysis. These genomospecies can also be differentiated on the basis of their cultural and biochemical characters into two novel species, for which the names Paenibacillus graminis sp. nov. (type strain RSA19T = ATCC BAA-95T = LMG 19080T) and Paenibacillus odorifer sp. nov. (type strain TOD45T = ATCC BAA-93T = LMG 19079T) are proposed.