gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid and sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the microsomal epoxide hydrolase (1982)

A rapid and sensitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for microsomal epoxide hydrolase of rat liver. The assay, which is easily and readily performed, is significantly more sensitive than most enzymatic epoxide hydrolase assays routinely used and electroimmunoassays previously developed. The limit of sensitivity of the ELISA is between 2-5 ng of microsomal epoxide hydrolase. Using the ELISA microsomal epoxide hydrolases of mouse and rat liver were shown to be antigenically very similar, while microsomal epoxide hydrolases of guinea pig, monkey and human liver are antigenically distinct from those of rat and mouse. The ELISA developed here is capable of detecting microsomal epoxide hydrolase of rat and mouse liver even when significant enzymatic activity is lost. These results indicate that the antigenic sites recognized by the antibodies used are distinct from the catalytic site of the epoxide hydrolase. Approximately 1.9% of rat microsomal protein was quantified as microsomal epoxide hydrolase by the ELISA. Low levels of microsomal epoxide hydrolase were also detected in rat liver cytosol (approximately 0.02% of the cytosolic protein) demonstrating that microsomal epoxide hydrolase is not totally membrane bound or that an immunologically related protein occurs in the cytosol of normal rat liver. The ELISA developed here will be valuable in investigating further the role of microsomal epoxide hydrolase.
Some Studies on Regenerative Beam Extraction in Synchrocyclotrons (1966)

In this paper it is shown that the extraction efficiency in a synchrocyklotron can be increased considerably by selecting proper values for the internal circulating beam parameters. A good energy homogeneity and a high microscopic duty cycle can be achieved simultaneously. A calculation for some relevant radial amplitudes and energy gains/turn gives the energy diagram in fig. 11. From this it can be found that, if the internal beam is composed of 0.4 - 0.6 cm incoherent radial amplitudes and if the useful acceleration voltages are 7.2 - 10.6 kV, the gross extraction efficiency is 40 % for an energy spread of 300 keV. The duty cycle will be about 20 %. These results are valid if the vertical amplitudes are small so that the median plane motion program is correct.
Anticariogenic Casein Phosphopeptides (1999)

Abstract: Proteins and peptides containing clusters of phosphoseryl residues have been shown to stabilize amorphous calcium phosphate in solution, and have been implicated in the regulation of biomineralisation processes. Casein phosphopeptides (CPP) containing the cluster sequence -Ser(P)-Ser(P)-Ser(P)-Glu-Glu- have been demonstrated to significantly reduce the level of dental caries (tooth decay) in animal and human experiments and also to repair early stages of decay. Through their multiple phosphoseryl residues the peptides bind to forming nanoclusters of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) in metastable solution, preventing their growth to the critical size required for nucleation and phase transformation. Conformational and binding studies have shown that all the phosphoseryl residues are important in interaction with ACP. The CPP localise ACP at the tooth surface providing a reservoir of calcium and phosphate ions thereby helping to maintain a state of supersaturation with respect to tooth enamel. The CPP-ACP, unlike fluoride, can be added to sugar-containing foods as well as oral care products for the control of dental caries.
Optical Fibre Bragg Grating Temperature Sensor Measurements in an Electrical Power Transformer Using a Temperature Compensated Optical Fibre Bragg Grating as a Reference (1996)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text T. E. Hammon and A. D. Stokes, "OPTICAL FIBRE BRAGG GRATING TEMPERATURE SENSOR MEASUREMENTS IN AN ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSFORMER USING A TEMPERATURE COMPENSATED OPTICAL FIBRE BRAGG GRATING AS A REFERENCE," in Optical Fiber Sensors, (Optica Publishing Group, 1996), paper Th337. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
A Phase I Trial of Immunotherapy with Lapuleucel-T (APC8024) in Patients with Refractory Metastatic Tumors that Express HER-2/neu (2009)

Autologous active cellular immunotherapy with lapuleucel-T stimulated an immune response specific to the immunizing antigen and seemed to be well tolerated. Further clinical studies to assess the clinical benefit for patients with HER/2-neu-expressing breast, ovarian, and colorectal cancer are warranted.
Sex-specific association of X-linked Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) with male systemic lupus erythematosus (2010)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem, autoimmune disease that predominantly affects women. Previous findings that duplicated Toll-like receptor 7 (Tlr7) promotes lupus-like disease in male BXSB mice prompted us to evaluate TLR7 in human SLE. By using a candidate gene approach, we identified and replicated association of a TLR7 3'UTR SNP, rs3853839 (G/C), with SLE in 9,274 Eastern Asians (P(combined) = 6.5 x 10(-10)), with a stronger effect in male than female subjects [odds ratio, male vs. female = 2.33 (95% CI = 1.64-3.30) vs. 1.24 (95% CI = 1.14-1.34); P = 4.1 x 10(-4)]. G-allele carriers had increased TLR7 transcripts and more pronounced IFN signature than C-allele carriers; heterozygotes had 2.7-fold higher transcripts of G-allele than C-allele. These data established a functional polymorphism in type I IFN pathway gene TLR7 predisposing to SLE, especially in Chinese and Japanese male subjects.
Case Studies: Impact of high Salt Tolerant Friction Reducers on Fresh Water Conservation in Canadian Shale Fracturing Treatments (2011)

Abstract Tight low permeability shale reservoirs must be stimulated to produce commercially viable gas quantities. This requires large volumes of slick water frac fluids to be successfully pumped at high rates into the shale formations. Friction reducers (FR’s) are used for stimulating shale reservoirs mainly to overcome tubular friction pressure and establish high pumping rates. Slickwater fracturing, also known as water frac, is the process where polyacrylamide type polymers are used to reduce tubular friction pressure. Currently, fracturing fluid volume and proppant requirements have increased significantly with the advent of horizontal shale stimulation. Depending on the shale play, it is not uncommon to drill over 1,500 meters of lateral section to maximize Reservoir Stimulated Volume, SRV. (Mayerhofer et al., 2008). Several commonly practiced technologies, such as multi-stage fracturing of horizontal wells have increased frac volume requirements per well to a point that has created concerns by regulatory agencies. At the same time, restrictions limiting fresh water usage and environmental concerns surrounding flowback fluids have created a demand for chemicals that perform in high concentration brines. Several water treatment methods are being used in the industry to remove impurities from flowbacks for reuse as frac water for fracturing. However, most treatments do not remove dissolved salts from the water requiring either development of a brine tolerant friction reducer or distillation to maintain high performance. This study presents experimental and case studies of various cationic and anionic FR’s of similar molecular weight in high brine flowback conditions of Montney produced water and a Horn River source well. Actual produced water and finger print water analyses of Montney and Horn River shale reservoirs were used as a brine source to evaluate friction reducers. A dynamic friction loop flow apparatus was used as the main tool to evaluate the rheological properties and the friction reduction contributions of FRs in high concentration brine waters. Field data collected for two case histories document the ability of the high brine tolerant friction reducers to perform at a level consistent with traditional products used in fresh water. This confirms the experimental data obtained from dynamic friction loop investigations. Results obtained from this study can be used to optimize slickwater frac treatments where produced water is used as the main source of frac water. This paper examines the following: Comparison studies of new brine tolerant friction reducer with conventional FR’s used in the oilfield.Experimental data illustrating the performance of newly developed FR’s in high concentration brine from post fracture flowbacks.Cost advantage of using less polymer, while reducing fresh water and disposal of the flowbacks.Case studies of wells treated with the new friction reducers show performance in brines similar to those achieved with conventional FR’s when used in fresh water.
Evolution of CRISPR towards accurate and efficient mammal genome engineering (2019)

The evolution of genome editing technology based on CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) system has led to a paradigm shift in biological research. CRISPR/Cas9-guide RNA complexes enable rapid and efficient genome editing in mammalian cells. This system induces double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) at target sites and most DNA breakages induce mutations as small insertions or deletions (indels) by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair pathway. However, for more precise correction as knock-in or replacement of DNA base pairs, using the homology-directed repair (HDR) pathway is essential. Until now, many trials have greatly enhanced knock-in or substitution efficiency by increasing HDR efficiency, or newly developed methods such as Base Editors (BEs). However, accuracy remains unsatisfactory. In this review, we summarize studies to overcome the limitations of HDR using the CRISPR system and discuss future direction. [BMB Reports 2019; 52(8): 475-481].
cDNA cloning of an adult male putative lipocalin specific to tergal gland aphrodisiac secretion in an insect (Leucophaea maderae) (1999)

Lma-P22 is a cuticular surface protein specific to the tergal gland secretion of Leucophaea maderae adult males which is ingested by females just before copulation. The complete Lma-P22 cDNA sequence was determined by RT-PCR using primers based on Edman degradation fragments. The recombinant protein expressed in Escherichia coli was recognized by an anti-Lma-P22 antibody. Northern blot analysis indicates that the corresponding mRNA is transcribed only in the epidermis of male tergites. Sequence analysis indicated that Lma-P22 deduced protein belongs to the lipocalin family. Lipocalins are extracellular proteins which carry hydrophobic compounds and some of them can bind sexual pheromone in vertebrates. Lma-P22 is the first example of a lipocalin-like protein involved in insect sexual behavior.
Calcium entry-dependent oscillations of cytoplasmic calcium concentration in cultured endothelial cell monolayers. (1992)

Bovine endothelial cell monolayers grown to confluence and stimulated with bradykinin responded with periodic fluctuations in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) when exposed to K(+)-free Hepes-buffered saline. The fluctuations in [Ca2+]i measured with fura-2 were synchronized among the population of cells observed and were sensitive to extracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]o). Thapsigargin, which inhibits the endoplasmic reticular Ca2(+)-ATPase, did not inhibit the [Ca2+]i oscillations. Removal of extracellular Ca2+ or inhibition of Ca2+ entry by using La3+ or 1-(beta- [3-(4-methoxyphenyl)proproxy]-4-methoxyphenethyl)-1H-imidazole hydrochloride (SKF 96365) abolished the [Ca2+]i oscillations in endothelial cell monolayers. The fluctuations in [Ca2+]i were therefore dependent on Ca2+ influx rather than Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores. Simultaneous measurements of membrane potential (Em) using the potential-sensitive bisoxonol dye bis(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid)trimethine oxonol [Di-BAC4(3)] and [Ca2+]i using fura-2 showed that Em oscillated at the same frequency as the fluctuations in [Ca2+]i. The peak depolarization signal coincided with the maximum rate of increase in the [Ca2+]i signal. Oscillations in the Em signal were inhibited by removal of Ca2+ or by addition of 1 mM Ni2+ to the external solution. Taken together, these observations suggest that the change in Em is the consequence of oscillatory changes in a membrane conductance that also allows Ca2+ to enter the cell. Oscillations in the DiBAC4(3) signal may reflect a rhythmic entry of Ca2+ through nonselective cation channels.
TOXCAT: A measure of transmembrane helix association in a biological membrane (1999)

The noncovalent association of transmembrane alpha-helices is a fundamental event in the folding of helical membrane proteins. In this work, a system (TOXCAT) is developed for the study of transmembrane helix-helix oligomerization in a natural membrane environment. This assay uses a chimeric construct composed of the N-terminal DNA binding domain of ToxR (a dimerization-dependent transcriptional activator) fused to a transmembrane domain (tm) of interest and a monomeric periplasmic anchor (the maltose binding protein). Association of the tms results in the ToxR-mediated activation of a reporter gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). The level of CAT expression indicates the strength of tm association. The assay distinguishes between a known dimerizing tm and a mutant in which dimerization is disrupted. In addition, modulation of the chimera concentration shows that the dimerization exhibits concentration dependence in membranes. TOXCAT also is used to select oligomeric tms from a library of randomized sequences, demonstrating the potential of this system to reveal novel oligomerization motifs. The TOXCAT system has been used to investigate glycophorin A tm-mediated dimerization. Although the overall sensitivity of glycophorin A tm dimerization to mutagenesis is found to be similar in membranes and in detergent micelles, several significant differences exist. Mutations to polar residues, which are generally disruptive in SDS, exhibit sequence specificity in membranes, demonstrating both the limitations of detergent micelles and the wider range of application of the TOXCAT system.
In Vivo Three-Photon Microscopy of Subcortical Structures within an Intact Mouse Brain (2012)

We demonstrate non-invasive, high-resolution, in vivo imaging of subcortical structures (the external capsule (EC) and hippocampus) within an intact mouse brain using three-photon fluorescence microscopy at the new spectral window of 1700 nm.
Relationships of Bunyamwera Group Viruses by Neutralization (1979)

A standardized serum dilution plaque reduction neutralization test was used for cross-neutralization studies of 23 strains of Bunyamwera serogroup viruses. Antigenic relationships were determined by inspection of the neutralization tests results as well as by numerical taxonomic analysis. Based on these analyses five complexes, containing 1-11 viruses, were distinguished. Little or no cross-reactivity was observed between viruses of different complexes. Three of the viruses tested were indistinguishable from prototypes and probably represent strains or varieties of those prototypes. A tentative classification scheme for the Bunyamwera group is presented.
Stability of reiterated sequences in the Bacillus subtilis chromosome (1989)

The instability of reiterated sequences in the Bacillus subtilis chromosome that was previously reported (M. Young, J. Gen. Microbiol. 130:1613-1621, 1984) results from the presence of a truncated pC194 replication origin together with an intact replication protein A gene in the amplified DNA. Removal of the truncated pC194 replication origin or inactivation of replication protein A stabilizes reiterated sequences, whereas provision of replication protein A in trans destabilizes them. We suggest that residual activity of protein A at the truncated replication origin generates single-stranded DNA, which stimulates recombination between repeated sequences and thus destabilizes amplified structures.
Intracellular Bax Translocation after Transient Cerebral Ischemia: Implications for a Role of the Mitochondrial Apoptotic Signaling Pathway in Ischemic Neuronal Death (2001)

Activation of terminal caspases such as caspase-3 plays an important role in the execution of neuronal cell death after transient cerebral ischemia. Although the precise mechanism by which terminal caspases are activated in ischemic neurons remains elusive, recent studies have postulated that the mitochondrial cell death-signaling pathway may participate in this process. The bcl-2 family member protein Bax is a potent proapoptotic molecule that, on translocation from cytosol to mitochondria, triggers the activation of terminal caspases by increasing mitochondrial membrane permeability and resulting in the release of apoptosis-promoting factors, including cytochrome c. In the present study, the role of intracellular Bax translocation in ischemic brain injury was investigated in a rat model of transient focal ischemia (30 minutes) and reperfusion (1 to 72 hours). Immunochemical studies revealed that transient ischemia induced a rapid translocation of Bax from cytosol to mitochondria in caudate neurons, with a temporal profile and regional distribution coinciding with the mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and caspase-9. Further, in postischemic caudate putamen in vivo and in isolated brain mitochondria in vitro, the authors found enhanced heterodimerization between Bax and the mitochondrial membrane permeabilization-related proteins adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) and voltage-dependent anion channel. The ANT inhibitor bongkrekic acid prevented Bax and ANT interactions and inhibited Bax-triggered caspase-9 release from isolated brain mitochondria in vitro. Bongkrekic acid also offered significant neuroprotection against ischemia-induced caspase-3 and caspase-9 activation and cell death in the brain. These results strongly suggest that the Bax-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathway may play an important role in ischemic neuronal injury.
Revisiting diastolic filling time as mechanistic insight for response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (2013)

DFTC increase after CRT reflects favourable reverse remodelling and is associated with better clinical outcome.
Synthesis and agglomeration of gold nanoparticles in reverse micelles (2005)

Reverse micelles prepared in the system water, sodium bis-(2-ethylhexyl) sulfoccinate (AOT), and isooctane were investigated as a templating system for the production of gold nanoparticles from Au(III) and the reducing agent sulfite. A core-shell Mie model was used to describe the optical properties of gold nanoparticles in the reverse micelles. Dynamic light scattering of gold colloids in aqueous media and in reverse micelle solution indicated agglomeration of micelles containing particles. This was verified theoretically with an analysis of the total interaction energy between pairs of particles as a function of particle size. The analysis indicated that particles larger than about 8 nm in diameter should reversibly flocculate. Transmission electron microscopy measurements of gold nanoparticles produced in our reverse micelles showed diameters of 8-10 nm. Evidence of cluster formation was also observed. Time-correlated UV-vis absorption measurements showed a red shift for the peak wavelength. This was interpreted as the result of multiple scattering and plasmon interaction between particles due to agglomeration of micelles with particles larger than 8 nm.
Mutation of residues in the C3dg region of human complement component C3 corresponding to a proposed binding site for complement receptor type 2 (CR2, CD21) does not abolish binding of iC3b or C3dg to CR2. (1995)

Most evidence points toward there being a shared binding site in complement receptor type 2 (CR2, CD21) for the complement ligand C3dg and the EBV surface envelope glycoprotein gp350/220. Indeed, synthetic peptide studies have suggested that the CR2-binding sites in human C3dg and EBV gp350/220 share a similar sequence motif. The proposed CR2-binding sequence in C3dg is EDPGKQLYNVEA (residues 1199-1210 of mature C3), whereas that in EBV gp350/220 is EDPGFFNVEI (residues identical to C3dg are underlined). To further examine the role of amino acids 1199-1210 in the binding of the C3 fragments iC3b and C3dg to CR2, the following alanine-substitution variants of human C3 were tested in two independent CR2-binding assays: ED1199,1200AA; KQ1203,1204AA; L1205A; Y1206A; NV1207,1208AA; E1209A; and ED-KQ-NV1199,1200-1203,1204-1207,1208AA-AA-AA. Also engineered and tested was a chimeric C3 molecule in which the 1199-1210 sequence (PVPGGYQLTLEA) from the non-CR2-binding trout C3 molecule was grafted onto a human C3 background. Recombinant C3 proteins were expressed transiently in COS-1 cells, deposited as C3b on C3 convertase-bearing sheep erythrocytes and finally converted to cell-bound iC3b or C3dg using factors H and I. Binding of EAC423bi and EAC423dg to CR2 on Raji cells or EAC423dg to soluble CR2 was assessed. In most cases, the substitutions had little effect on CR2-binding activity and even in the case of the most highly substituted variants, the decrease in CR2-binding activity was less than twofold. Thus, contrary to the results anticipated from synthetic peptide studies, the single and multiple substitutions to the C3 sequence tested failed to corroborate a role for the 1199-1210 sequence in the C3dg-CR2 interaction.
Internalizing antibodies are necessary for improved therapeutic efficacy of antibody-targeted liposomal drugs. (2002)

Direct experimental proof has been sought for the hypothesis that liposomal drugs targeted against internalizing epitopes (e.g., CD19) will have higher therapeutic efficacies than those targeted against noninternalizing epitopes (e.g., CD20). Anti-CD19-targeted liposomes were rapidly internalized into human B-lymphoma (Namalwa) cells, whereas those targeted with anti-CD20 were not internalized. Similar in vitro binding and cytotoxicity were observed for anti-CD19-targeted and anti-CD20-targeted liposomal formulations of doxorubicin (DXR). Therapeutic experiments were performed in severe combined immunodeficient mice inoculated i.v. with Namalwa cells. Administration of single i.v. doses of DXR-loaded anti-CD19-targeted liposomes resulted in significantly greater survival times than either DXR-loaded anti-CD20-targeted liposomes or nontargeted liposomes. The therapeutic advantage of targeting internalizing versus noninternalizing epitopes has been directly demonstrated.