gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wearable Biosensors Studied for Clinical Monitoring and Treatment (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Large-Volume, High-Rate Stimulation Treatments in Horizontal Wells in the Niobrara Formation, Silo Field, Laramie County, Wyoming (1993)

ABSTRACT In 1991, Union Pacific Resources Company (UPRC) stimulated four horizontal wells in the Niobrara Formation in the Silo field, Laramie County, Wyoming. Stimulation treatments were required due to the rapid production declines seen early in the life of these wells, which were completed in 1990 and 1991. Horizontal and vertical wells in the Austin Chalk formation have been stimulated by injecting large volumes of water (10,000–30,000 bbls) at high rates (50-220 bbl/min) to improve productivity. This stimulation technique was applied in the Silo field because the Austin Chalk and Niobrara reservoirs have similar features; the most important similarity is that productivity requires connection to an adequate natural fracture system. These Niobrara stimulation treatments consisted of 30,000 bbls of water pumped at rates up to 150 bbl/min with wax beads as diverting material. This paper describes the job designs, bottom-hole treating pressure (BHTP) trends observed during the job, and post-treatment well production. Early BHTP responses and post-treatment production are related to the extent of natural fracturing exposed within the horizontal (lateral) sections. The lack of sustained productivity after the treatments indicates that Niobrara wells respond differently than Austin Chalk wells after large-volume, high-rate treatments. The most likely explanation for this difference is that fractures opened during Niobrara large-volume, high-rate treatments either close during production or do not provide sustainable connectivity to high-conductivity fractures. Future treatment strategies are discussed concerning fluid selection and the use of diverting materials and proppants.
Effects of phosphate-induced hyperparathyroidism and parathyroidectomy on rat kidney calcium in vivo (1981)

The effects of a high-phosphate diet on the calcium metabolism of kidney cells were studied in intact and parathyroidectomized (PTX) rats. The control and the PTX rats were pair-fed a normal diet with a Ca/P of 2:1 or a high-phosphate diet with a Ca/P of 1:8 for 6 wk (chronic experiments) or 1, 3, and 6 days (acute experiments). Renal cell calcium metabolism was studied by chemical and kinetic analyses in kidney slices incubated in vitro. In the control rats the high-phosphate diet significantly increased kidney and mitochondrial calcium, the cytosolic and mitochondrial exchangeable calcium pools, and all calcium fluxes. In these controls, the plasma phosphate was not significantly elevated, but the parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels tended to be high. In PTX rats fed the same high-phosphate diet, the plasma phosphate was significantly elevated, but no change in renal calcium metabolism occurred. These results suggest that nephrocalcinosis was caused by elevated PTH levels and not by the elevated plasma phosphate and that the first step in the development of nephrocalcinosis is a stimulation of cellular calcium metabolism and transport.
Engagement of CD4 and CD8 expressed on immature thymocytes induces activation of intracellular tyrosine phosphorylation pathways. (1989)

Accumulating data suggest that the target cells for selection events leading to establishment of the mature T cell repertoire are the functionally immature double-positive (CD4+/CD8+) thymocytes, and that the CD4 and CD8 antigens expressed on these cells play important roles in these processes. In an attempt to define the biochemical pathways implicated in these events, we have studied the effects of engagement of accessory molecules on tyrosine protein phosphorylation. The results of our experiments demonstrate that engagement of CD4 and CD8 expressed on double-positive thymocytes is coupled with a rapid tyrosine protein phosphorylation signal. Further analyses have revealed that these two surface molecules are physically associated with the internal membrane tyrosine protein kinase p56lck in immature thymocytes, and that the catalytic function of lck expressed in double-positive thymocytes is significantly enhanced upon engagement of CD4. These data provide evidence that tyrosine-specific protein phosphorylation pathways coupled to the CD4 and CD8 T cell surface antigens are functional in immature thymocytes, and therefore, formally prove that signaling functions of CD4 and CD8 molecules are operative in immature thymocytes.
Neural Word Decomposition Models for Abusive Language Detection (2019)

User generated text on social media often suffers from a lot of undesired characteristics including hatespeech, abusive language, insults etc. that are targeted to attack or abuse a specific group of people. Often such text is written differently compared to traditional text such as news involving either explicit mention of abusive words, obfuscated words and typological errors or implicit abuse i.e., indicating or targeting negative stereotypes. Thus, processing this text poses several robustness challenges when we apply natural language processing techniques developed for traditional text. For example, using word or token based models to process such text can treat two spelling variants of a word as two different words. Following recent work, we analyze how character, subword and byte pair encoding (BPE) models can be aid some of the challenges posed by user generated text. In our work, we analyze the effectiveness of each of the above techniques, compare and contrast various word decomposition techniques when used in combination with others. We experiment with finetuning large pretrained language models, and demonstrate their robustness to domain shift by studying Wikipedia attack, toxicity and Twitter hatespeech datasets.
Gene rearrangement attenuates expression and lethality of a nonsegmented negative strand RNA virus (1998)

The nonsegmented negative strand RNA viruses comprise hundreds of human, animal, insect, and plant pathogens. Gene expression of these viruses is controlled by the highly conserved order of genes relative to the single transcriptional promoter. We utilized this regulatory mechanism to alter gene expression levels of vesicular stomatitis virus by rearranging the gene order. This report documents that gene expression levels and the viral phenotype can be manipulated in a predictable manner. Translocation of the promoter-proximal nucleocapsid protein gene N, whose product is required stoichiometrically for genome replication, to successive positions down the genome reduced N mRNA and protein expression in a stepwise manner. The reduction in N gene expression resulted in a stepwise decrease in genomic RNA replication. Translocation of the N gene also attenuated the viruses to increasing extents for replication in cultured cells and for lethality in mice, without compromising their ability to elicit protective immunity. Because monopartite negative strand RNA viruses have not been reported to undergo homologous recombination, gene rearrangement should be irreversible and may provide a rational strategy for developing stably attenuated live vaccines against this type of virus.
Preparation and melting of single strand circular DNA loops (1985)

A method for preparation of single strand DNA circles of almost arbitrary sequence is described. By ligating two sticky ended hairpins together a linear duplex is formed, closed at both ends by single stranded loops. The melting characteristics of such loops are investigated using optical absorbance and NMR. It is shown by comparison with the corresponding linear sequence (closed circle minus the end loops) that the effects of end fraying and the strand concentration dependence of the melting temperature are eliminated in the circular form. Over the concentration range examined (0.5 to 2.0 micromolar strands), the circular DNA has a monophasic melting curve, while the linear duplex is biphasic, probably due to hairpin formation. Since effects of duplex to single strands dissociation do not contribute to melting of the circular molecules (dumbells), these DNAs present a realistic experimental model for examining local thermal stability in DNA.
Is interleukin‐1 a good or bad ‘guy’ in tumor immunobiology and immunotherapy? (2008)

The interleukin-1 (IL-1) family consists of two major agonistic proteins, IL-1alpha and IL-1beta, which are pleiotropic and affect mainly inflammation, immunity, and hemopoiesis. The IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is a physiological inhibitor of pre-formed IL-1. In their secreted form, IL-1alpha and IL-1beta bind to the same receptors and induce the same biological functions. However, the IL-1 molecules differ in their compartmentalization within the producing cell or the microenvironment. Thus, IL-1beta is solely active in its secreted form, whereas IL-1alpha is mainly active in cell-associated forms (intracellular precursor and membrane-bound IL-1) and only rarely as a secreted cytokine, mainly by macrophages/monocytes. IL-1 is abundant at tumor sites, being produced by cellular elements of the tumor microenvironment or by the malignant cells, and it affects not only various phases of the malignant process, such as carcinogenesis, tumor growth, and invasiveness, but also patterns of interactions between malignant cells and the host's immune system. Hence, the effects of the IL-1 molecules on the malignant process are complex and are often of an opposing nature. Comparative studies on the differential roles of malignant cell- or host-derived IL-1alpha and IL-1beta in different stages of the malignant process can subsequently open new avenues for manipulation of IL-1 expression and function in cancer immunotherapy.
Photoimmunotherapy of residual disease after incomplete surgical resection in head and neck cancer models (2016)

Antibody-based photodynamic therapy, or photoimmunotherapy (PIT), is a novel, targeted cancer therapy, which can serve as both a diagnostic and a therapeutic agent. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of panitumumab-IRDye700DX (Pan-IR700) to eliminate microscopic tumor remnants in the postsurgical setting, which was accomplished using novel in vitro and in vivo models of residual disease after incomplete resection. Additionally, PIT was evaluated in fresh human-derived cancer tissue. To determine a threshold for cellular regrowth after PIT, an in vitro assay was performed using a range of cells representing microscopic disease quantities. Long-term growth inhibition was induced after treatment of 5 × 10(3) and 1 × 10(4) cells at 6 J. A novel in vivo mouse model of subtotal tumor resection was used to assess the effectiveness of Pan-IR700 mediated PIT to eliminate residual disease and inhibit recurrence in the post-surgical wound bed. Mice receiving surgical treatment plus adjuvant PIT showed a threefold and fourfold reduction in tumor regrowth at 30 days post PIT in the 50% and 90% subtotal resection groups, respectively (as measured by bioluminescence imaging), demonstrating a significant (P < 0.001) reduction in tumor regrowth. To determine the translatability of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted PIT, SCCHN human tissues (n = 12) were treated with Pan-IR700. A significant reduction (P < 0.001) in ATP levels was observed after treatment with Pan-IR700 and 100 J cm(-2) (48% ± 5%) and 150 J cm(-2) (49% ± 7%) when compared to baseline. Targeting EGFR with Pan-IR700 has robust potential to provide a tumor-specific mechanism for eliminating residual disease in the surgical setting, thereby increasing therapeutic efficacy, prolonging progression-free survival, and decreasing morbidity.
Effects of vasopressin on renal function in children with severe forms of shock (2008)

Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine and Neonatology, University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg, Germany (Meyer) Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Saarland, Homburg, Germany (Gottschling)
Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of the Isolates from the Nose of Training Soldiers in Kerman in 2012 (2014)

Background and Aim: The increases in the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from outside healthcare settings are recently reported. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of community-acquired MRSA and antibiotic resistance of the isolates from nose of military training soldiers in Kerman city- 2012. Materials and Methods: Nasal samples were collected from 567 training soldiers. S. aureus was identified using standard Methods. MRSA phenotype was screened by oxacillin and cefoxitin disc. The MRSA was genetically confirmed by detection of mecA gene by PCR methods. Antibiotic susceptibility to six antibacterial agents was determined by standard agar disc diffusion method. Induction of resistance to clindamycin was performed using the D-test. Results: samples were isolated from the nose of 39.8% of training soldiers. By the methods used 7.6% of the isolates were identified as MRSA all of them harbored mecA gene and were sensitive to vancomycin. The highest rate of resistance was detected against erythromycin (23.3%). Resistance to, clindamycin, gentamicin, trimethoprime sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin were 14%, 16.3%, 14% and 9.3% respectively. Induced of Clindamycin resistance among MRSA isolates was not observed. Conclusions: The high frequency of isolation of&nbsp;S aureus from nose in military population studied is remarkable. The prevalence of MRSA in this group was %7.8.Although resistance to other antibacterial agents was not high in these isolates, but due to the increasing importance of community acquired MRSA frequent surveillance of this and similar type of population are required in intervals, and physicians should be informed about the presence of these bacteria to choose appropriate drug for therapy.
Compositing 3-D rendered images (1985)

The complexity of anti-aliased 3-D rendering systems can be controlled by using a tool-building approach like that of the UNIX&amp;trade; text-processing tools. Such an approach requires a simple picture representation amenable to anti-aliasing that all rendering programs can produce, a compositing algorithm for that representation and a command language to piece together scenes. This paper advocates a representation that combines Porter and Duff's compositing algebra with a Z-buffer to provide simple anti-aliased 3-D compositing.
Exploiting Expression of Hippo Effector, Yap, for Expansion of Functional Islet Mass (2015)

Loss of pancreas β-cell function is the precipitating factor in all forms of diabetes. Cell replacement therapies, such as islet transplantation, remain the best hope for a cure; however, widespread implementation of this method is hampered by availability of donor tissue. Thus, strategies that expand functional β-cell mass are crucial for widespread usage in diabetes cell replacement therapy. Here, we investigate the regulation of the Hippo-target protein, Yes-associated protein (Yap), during development of the endocrine pancreas and its function after reactivation in human cadaveric islets. Our results demonstrate that Yap expression is extinguished at the mRNA level after neurogenin-3-dependent specification of the pancreas endocrine lineage, correlating with proliferation decreases in these cells. Interestingly, when a constitutively active form of Yap was expressed in human cadaver islets robust increases in proliferation were noted within insulin-producing β-cells. Importantly, proliferation in these cells occurs without negatively affecting β-cell differentiation or functional status. Finally, we show that the proproliferative mammalian target of rapamycin pathway is activated after Yap expression, providing at least one explanation for the observed increases in β-cell proliferation. Together, these results provide a foundation for manipulating Yap activity as a novel approach to expand functional islet mass for diabetes regenerative therapy.
Psoriasis in the community: prevalence, severity and patients' beliefs and attitudes towards the disease (1996)

The prevalence of psoriasis in a defined semi-urban general practice population of 5395 was estimated by means of a postal questionnaire, describing the features of psoriasis followed by physical examination of positive responders, and by a practice disease register, which directly identified psoriatic patients. A point prevalence of 1.48% was found based on examination at the time of study with an equal sex distribution. The mean age of development of the disease was 33 years. At the time of examination, the disease was mild in most patients (mean PASI 2.87). However, there was evidence of marked variability in severity within individuals with time. At some stage, 60% of individuals had required referral to a consultant dermatologist, and approximately 50% of these had received second-line, i.e. non-topical, treatments. Approximately 25% of patients had been in remission at some stage. Forty-one per cent of patients were aware that psoriasis was a genetically determined disease and 37% thought that stress was an exacerbating factor. Seventy per cent of patients were aware that the condition was not curable, but 63% thought that treatment was worthwhile. Fifty-three per cent described themselves as 'bothered' by the appearance of the condition. This concern was positively (and inversely) related to current age, and to stress as an exacerbating factor, but not to sex, PASI, duration of psoriasis, previous hospital referral, or the presence of pruritus. In this study of psoriasis in the community, the findings, particularly in relation to patients' attitude to the disease, disease severity, fluctuation in severity and referral requirements, are of potential interest in health care planning.
Local Delivery of lnterleukin-12 Using T Cells Targeting VEGF Receptor-2 Eradicates Multiple Vascularized Tumors in Mice (2012)

These results suggest that targeted delivery of IL-12 into the tumor environment with T cells redirected against VEGFR-2 is a promising approach for treating patients with a variety of solid tumor types.
PD-L1 diagnostic tests: a systematic literature review of scoring algorithms and test-validation metrics (2018)

Published validation metric data for PD-L1 tests are mainly focused on immunohistochemistry tests from studies in lung cancer. The variability in test cutoffs and standards for PD-L1 testing suggests that there is presently no standardized approach. This current variability may have implications for the uptake of precision treatments.
<title>Scene change detection in an MPEG-compressed video sequence</title> (1995)

An algorithm is proposed for the detection of abrupt scene change and special editing effects such as dissolve in a compressed MPEG/MPEG-2 bitstream with minimal decoding of the bitstream. Scene changes are easily detected with DCT DC coefficients and motion vectors. By performing minimal decoding on the compressed bitstream, the processing speed for searching a video database of compressed image sequences can be dramatically improved. In addition, the algorithm may also be applied in video scene browsing and video indexing as well.
Simple approach to coupling in textured planar waveguides (1998)

We develop a self-consistent Green's function technique to calculate the full photonic band structure for guided modes in slab waveguides that have been textured in one dimension with a thin surface grating. The technique is conceptually simple and can easily be reduced to an eigenvalue problem by use of approximations similar to those used in conventional coupled-mode theories. We show that this approach yields the correct TM-TM coupling coefficient at oblique incidence and provides a transparent interpretation for its vanishing at a critical angle.
Inhibition of heparanase-mediated degradation of extracellular matrix heparan sulfate by non-anticoagulant heparin species (1987)

Incubation of human platelets, human neutrophils, or highly metastatic mouse lymphoma cells with sulfate-labeled extracellular matrix (ECM) results in heparanase-mediated release of labeled heparan sulfate cleavage fragments (0.5 less than Kav less than 0.85 on Sepharose 6B). This degradation was inhibited by native heparin both when brought about by intact cells or their released heparanase activity. Degradation of heparan sulfate in ECM may facilitate invasion of normal and malignant cells through basement membranes. The present study tested the heparanase inhibitory effect of nonanticoagulant species of heparin that might be of potential use in preventing heparanase mediated extravasation of bloodborne cells. For this purpose, we prepared various species of low-sulfated or low-mol-wt heparins, all of which exhibited less than 7% of the anticoagulant activity of native heparin. N-sulfate groups of heparin are necessary for its heparanase inhibitory activity but can be substituted by an acetyl group provided that the O-sulfate groups are retained. O-sulfate groups could be removed provided that the N positions were resulfated. Total desulfation of heparin abolished its heparanase inhibitory activity. Heparan sulfate was a 25-fold less potent heparanase inhibitor than native heparin. Efficiency of low-mol-wt heparins to inhibit degradation of heparan sulfate in ECM decreased with their main molecular size, and a synthetic pentasaccharide, representing the binding site to antithrombin III, was devoid of inhibitory activity. Similar results were obtained with heparanase activities released from platelets, neutrophils, and lymphoma cells. We propose that heparanase inhibiting nonanticoagulant heparins may interfere with dissemination of bloodborne tumor cells and development of experimental autoimmune diseases.