gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preoperative irradiation and fluorouracil chemotherapy for locally advanced rectosigmoid carcinoma: phase I-II study. (1993)

From June 1988 to July 1991, 20 patients with locally advanced rectal or rectosigmoid cancer were treated prospectively with a strategy of combining preoperative irradiation and fluorouracil chemotherapy before surgical resection. The preoperative radiation dose was 5,000 cGy, and fluorouracil chemotherapy was administered on the first and last 3 days of irradiation in an intravenous bolus dose of 500 mg/m2. In a median follow-up of 25 months, the local regional failure rate was 10%. The 3-year actuarial overall survival and disease-free survival were 92% and 82%, respectively. Twenty percent of the surgical specimens showed no residual tumor, and only 10% showed positive lymph nodes. Significant leukopenia occurred in 10% of patients. Preoperative irradiation and fluorouracil chemotherapy increased surgical downstaging and improved local regional control. The overall toxicity was acceptable. The results of this particular multimodality approach was encouraging and warrant further investigation in phase III trials.
Ongoing Murine T1 or T2 Immune Responses to the Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Are Excluded from the Liver that Expresses Transgene-Encoded Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (2000)

Different protein- or DNA-based vaccination techniques are available that prime potent humoral and cellular, T1 or T2 immune responses to the hepatitis B surface Ag (HBsAg) in mice. T1 and T2 are immune responses with isotype profile indicating Th1 and Th2 immunoregulation. We tested whether HBsAg-specific immune responses can be established in transgenic mice that express HBsAg in the liver (HBs-tg mice) using either these different vaccination techniques or an adoptive transfer system. HBsAg-specific responses could not be primed in HBs-tg mice with the established, potent vaccine delivery techniques. In contrast, adoptive transfers of T1- and T2-type HBsAg-immune spleen cells into congenic HBs-tg hosts (that were not conditioned by pretreatment) suppressed HBsAg antigenemia and gave rise to HBsAg-specific serum Ab titers. The establishment of continuously rising anti-HBsAg serum Ab levels with alternative isotype profiles (reflecting T1 or T2 polarization) in transplanted HBs-tg hosts required donor CD4+ T cell-dependent restimulation of adoptively transferred immune cells by transgene-derived HBsAg. Injections of HBsAg-specific Abs into HBs-tg mice did not establish stable humoral immunity. The expanding T1 or T2 immune responses to HBsAg in HBs-tg hosts did not suppress transgene-directed HBsAg expression in the liver and did not induce liver injury. In addition to priming functional antiviral effector cells, the conditioning of the liver microenvironment to enable delivery of antiviral effector functions to this organ are therefore critical for effective antiviral defense. A major challenge in the development of a therapeutic vaccine against chronic hepatitis B or C virus infection is thus the efficient targeting of specifically induced immune effector specificities to the liver.
The Clinical Global Impression–Schizophrenia scale: a simple instrument to measure the diversity of symptoms present in schizophrenia (2003)

The CGI-SCH scale is a valid, reliable instrument to evaluate severity and treatment response in schizophrenia. Given its simplicity, brevity and clinical face validity, the scale is appropriate for use in observational studies and routine clinical practice.
Purification of Proteins Fused to Either the Amino or Carboxy Terminus of the Mycobacterium xenopi Gyrase A Intein (1999)

The Mycobacterium xenopi gyrase A mini-intein has been engineered to yield a controllable N-terminal or C-terminal, single-splice-junction autocleavage element. When combined with an affinity tag, these modified mini-inteins can be used to purify target proteins after a single combined chromatography/cleavage step. Cleavage at the intein N terminus was induced with thiol reagents, while cleavage at the intein C terminus was induced by a temperature shift to 16 degrees-25 degrees C. Different preferences for the residue immediately preceding the intein were observed during thiol-induced, N-terminal splice-junction cleavage of the M. xenopi gyrase A mini-intein vs. the Saccharomyces cerevisiae vacuolar ATPase, subunit A (VMA) intein present in the IMPACT purification system. Furthermore, the M. xenopi gyrase A mini-intein C-terminal autocleavage vector allows isolation of polypeptides with N-terminal cysteine residues that are active in the Intein Mediated Protein Ligation method of protein semisynthesis.
Induction of programmed cell death in human breast cancer cells by an unsymmetrically alkylated polyamine analogue. (1995)

The need for antineoplastic compounds with novel mechanisms of action is great. One such agent is the recently synthesized polyamine analogue N1-ethyl-N11-((cyclopropyl)methyl)-4,8-diazaundecane (CPENSpm). Exposure of hormone-dependent and -independent human breast cancer cells to 0.1-10 microM CPENSpm led to both growth inhibition and induction of programmed cell death. Fragmentation of DNA to high molecular weight fragments and oligonucleosomal-sized fragments, both characteristic of programmed cell death, was determined to be time and concentration dependent. Depletion of natural polyamine pools and accumulation of the analogue was also demonstrated. These data provide the first evidence that a polyamine analogue induces programmed cell death.
Polymer Replicas of Photonic Porous Silicon for Sensing and Drug Delivery Applications (2003)

Elaborate one-dimensional photonic crystals are constructed from a variety of organic and biopolymers, which can be dissolved or melted, by templating the solution-cast or injection-molded materials in porous silicon or porous silicon dioxide multilayer (rugate dielectric mirror) structures. After the removal of the template by chemical dissolution, the polymer castings replicate the photonic features and the nanostructure of the master. We demonstrate that these castings can be used as vapor sensors, as deformable and tunable optical filters, and as self-reporting, bioresorbable materials.
Upregulation of TIM-3 and PD-1 on CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells Associated with Dysfunction of Cell-Mediated Immunity after Colorectal Cancer Operation. (2012)

Surgery has been reported to suppress cell-mediated immunity; however, the detailed mechanisms responsible for this remain unclear. We obtained information on expressions of T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells postoperatively from colorectal cancer patients and evaluated by multicolor flow cytometry. The functions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells based on TIM-3 and PD-1 expressions were determined by quantitating the concentration of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The study demonstrated a rapid and significant decrease in number of total lymphocytes, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells. These immune cells reached the minimum on day 1 and then increased, but still significantly decreased on days 3 and 7. The frequency of PD-1+CD4+ T cells and TIM-3+CD4+ T cells significantly increased after colorectal surgery. IFN-γ secretion by PD-1+TIM-3+CD4+ T cells was significantly decreased compared to secretion by either PD-1+TIM3-CD4+ T cells or PD-1-TIM-3-CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, IFN-γ secretion by PD-1+TIM-3+CD8+ T cells was significantly decreased compared to secretion by either PD-1-TIM-3+CD8+ T cells or PD-1-TIM-3-CD8+ T cells. The expression of PD-1 and TIM-3 was closely related to impaired cell-mediated immunity that was observed after surgery for colorectal cancer. New treatment targeting TIM-3 and PD-1 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells during the perioperative period may provide a breakthrough in the treatment of colorectal cancer patients.
Properties of lamin A mutants found in Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, cardiomyopathy and Dunnigan-type partial lipodystrophy (2001)

Autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy is caused by mutations in the LMNA gene, which encodes lamin A and lamin C. Mutations in this gene also give rise to limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 1B, dilated cardiomyopathy with atrioventricular conduction defect and Dunnigan-type partial lipodystrophy. The properties of the mutant lamins that cause muscular dystrophy, lipodystrophy and dilated cardiomyopathy are not known. We transfected C2C12 myoblasts with cDNA encoding wild-type lamin A and 15 mutant forms found in patients affected by these diseases. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that four mutants, N195K, E358K, M371K and R386K, could have a dramatically aberrant localization, with decreased nuclear rim staining and formation of intranuclear foci. The distributions of endogenous lamin A/C, lamin B1 and lamin B2 were also altered in cells expressing these four mutants and three of them caused a loss of emerin from the nuclear envelope. In the yeast two-hybrid assay, the 15 lamin A mutants studied interacted with themselves and with wild-type lamin A and lamin B1. Pulse-chase experiments showed no decrease in the stability of several representative lamin A mutants compared with wild-type. These results indicate that some lamin A mutants causing disease can be aberrantly localized, partially disrupt the endogenous lamina and alter emerin localization, whereas others localize normally in transfected cells.
Flexible films of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/carbon nanotube thermoelectric composites prepared by dynamic 3-phase interfacial electropolymerization and subsequent physical mixing (2018)

We propose a novel preparation strategy, <italic>i.e.</italic> dynamic 3-phase interfacial electropolymerization and subsequent physical mixing, to fabricate flexible films of PEDOT/SWCNT thermoelectric composites.
Surface Modification of Aligned Carbon Nanotubes (2003)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Liming Dai, Ajeeta Patil, Richard A. Vaia; Surface Modification of Aligned Carbon Nanotubes. AIP Conf. Proc. 20 October 2003; 685 (1): 621–634. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1628103 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Synthesis of New Two-Photon Absorbing Fluorene Derivatives via Cu-Mediated Ullmann Condensations (2000)

The Ullmann amination reaction was utilized to provide access to a number of fluorene analogues from common intermediates, via facile functionalization at positions 2, 7, and 9 of the fluorene ring. Through variation of amine or iodofluorene derivative, analogues bearing substitutents with varying electron-donating and electron-withdrawing ability, e.g., diphenylamino, bis-(4-methoxyphenyl)amine, nitro, and benzothiazole, were synthesized in good yield. The novel fluorene derivatives were fully characterized, including absorption and emission spectra. Didecylation at the 9-position afforded remarkably soluble derivatives. Target compounds 4, 5, and 9 are potentially useful as fluorophores in two-photon fluorescence microscopy. Their UV-vis spectra display desirable absorption in the range of interest suitable for two-photon excitation by near-IR femtosecond lasers. Preliminary measurements of two-photon absorption indicate the derivatives exhibit high two-photon absorptivity, affirming their potential as two-photon fluorophores. For example, using a 1,210 nm femtosecond pump beam, diphenylaminobenzothiazolylfluorene 4 exhibited nondegenerate two-photon absorption, with two-photon absorptivity (delta) of ca. 820 x 10(-50) cm(4) s photon(-1) molecule(-1) at the femtosecond white light continuum probe wavelength of 615 nm.
Periurethral implantation of glutaraldehyde cross‐linked collagen (contigen®) in women with type I or III stress incontinence: quantitative outcome measures (1995)

These results show a significant reduction in urine loss at 8 weeks after the second collagen implant and an objective cure rate of 18%. There was little relationship between the objective measure of success and the self-report. Of interest is the fact that no obstructive changes occurred in the voided amount, the flow curve and the residual volume after voiding.
Optical fiber sensor technology (1982)

The current state of the art of optical fiber sensors is reviewed. The principles of operation are detailed and the various types of fiber sensors are outlined. Achievable performance and limitations are discussed and a description of technology used to fabricate the sensor is presented. The characteristics of acoustic, magnetic, gyro, laser diode, and other sensors are described. Trends in the development of this sensor technology and expected application areas are briefly outlined.
Effect of the cytoplasmic domain on antigenic characteristics of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (2015)

A major goal for HIV-1 vaccine development is the production of an immunogen to mimic native, functional HIV-1 envelope trimeric spikes (Env) on the virion surface. We lack a reliable description of a native, functional trimer, however, because of inherent instability and heterogeneity in most preparations. We describe here two conformationally homogeneous Envs derived from difficult-to-neutralize primary isolates. All their non-neutralizing epitopes are fully concealed and independent of their proteolytic processing. Most broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) recognize these native trimers. Truncation of their cytoplasmic tail has little effect on membrane fusion, but it diminishes binding to trimer-specific bnAbs while exposing non-neutralizing epitopes. These results yield a more accurate antigenic picture than hitherto possible of a genuinely untriggered and functional HIV-1 Env; they can guide effective vaccine development.
Maintenance chlorambucil after CVP in the management of advanced stage, low-grade histologic type non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: A randomized prospective study with an assessment of prognostic factors (1988)

One hundred sixty-two patients with Stages III and IV non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of low-grade histologic type were treated with combination chemotherapy using cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisolone (CVP) followed by radiotherapy to sites of previous bulk disease. The patients were randomized to receive either follow-up alone or "maintenance" chemotherapy with 2 years of intermittent chlorambucil. A complete remission was obtained in 56% of patients and the median survival was 64 months (median follow-up, 74 months). Multivariate analysis revealed stage (P less than 0.0001) and Karnofsky performance status (P = 0.021) to predict complete response (CR) and the achievement of a CR (P less than 0.0001), female sex (P = 0.008), the absence of bulk disease (P = 0.038) and low serum alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.002) to predict prolonged survival. The median relapse-free survival (RFS) of the complete responders was 41 months. A prolonged RFS was predicted by low stage (P = 0.014), low serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) (P = 0.045) levels, and by the administration of maintenance chlorambucil (P = 0.045). A prolonged survival of the complete responders was predicted by a low number of nodal sites of involvement with lymphoma at presentation (P = 0.022) and lack of liver involvement (P = 0.011). The administration of oral maintenance therapy with chlorambucil for a full 2 years was only possible in 38% of patients, mainly because of progression of disease and the induction of thrombocytopaenia, but despite this it prolonged the median RFS by 38 months and its use could be considered when future studies are being designed.
Extraction of object features from image and its application to image retrieval (2003)

A retrieval method using the so-called layout structure is proposed. The layout structure is one of two-dimensional visual features that are peculiar to the image data, and is obtained only when human beings perceive the image contents. The description scheme and the extraction procedure of the structural information are described. Some experimental results are also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Linked Lexitropsins and the in Vitro Inhibition of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase RNA-Directed DNA Polymerization:  A Novel Induced-Fit of 3,5 m-Pyridyl Bisdistamycin to Enzyme-Associated Template-Primer (1996)

Five classic DNA minor groove-binding drugs and a series of bis-linked lexitropsins based on netropsin and distamycin have been screened for their effectiveness in inhibiting transcription by HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) on a poly(rA).oligo(dT) template-primer (TP). The two most effective drugs, 3,5 m-pyridyl-linked bisdistamycin (MPyr) and trans-vinyl-linked bisdistamycin (TVin), show (1) enhanced inhibition in reactions initiated with pre-incubated enzyme template-primer (ETP) and (2) reduced affinity for a "free" TP analog, when compared with the parent drug distamycin. All three drugs lack the ability to inhibit processive incorporation of nucleotide, suggesting drug intervention instead at initiation or termination of processive cycles. The two bis-linked drugs exhibit different kinetic behavior with reverse transcriptase's two substrates: template-primer and nucleotide. When primer is the variable substrate, TVin is partially noncompetitive and MPyr is dead-end competitive (Ki = 6.5 microM). With nucleotide as substrate, TVin is noncompetitive at low drug concentrations and MPyr is uncompetitive. Gel band mobility shift assays with MPyr indicate that the drug inhibits via entrapment of TP on the enzyme rather than displacement of TP from the enzyme surface. The conformation of nucleic acid is most likely altered upon MPyr binding, enhancing the induced fit of enzyme to hybrid duplex. The relevance of this novel mode of inhibition is considered in relation to enzyme association/dissociation with TP that occurs prior to (-)-DNA strand transfer, and to the structural implications of an enzyme-bound hybrid RNA/DNA nucleic acid.
A population of oligodendrocytes derived from multipotent neural precursor cells expresses a cholinergic phenotype in culture and responds to ciliary neurotrophic factor (2002)

Abstract Because oligodendrocytes and their precursors possess receptors for classical transmitters, and neurotransmitters such as glutamate and noradrenaline can mediate oligodendroglial proliferation and differentiation, it is possible that other neurotransmitters can also exert regulatory roles in oligodendrocyte function. We used mitogen‐proliferated multipotent neuroepithelial precursors (neurospheres) and identified oligodendroglia that expressed markers traditionally found in cholinergic neurons. Regardless of culture conditions, there existed a large population of cells that resembled oligodendrocytes morphologically and coexpressed the oligodendrocyte‐specific marker galactocerebroside (GalC) and the acetylcholine (ACh)‐synthesizing enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). These cells did not express neuronal markers, and whole‐cell recordings from cells with similar morphology displayed only outward currents in response to depolarizing voltage steps, further supporting their oligodendroglial identity. Another cholinergic marker, the vesicular ACh transporter, was also detected in GalC + oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, neurospheres cultured in the presence of the cholinergic receptor antagonist atropine showed a decrease in the number of GalC + spheres, implicating the muscarinic ACh receptor in oligodendrocyte development. The actions of neurotrophins and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) on these ChAT + oligodendrocytes were examined. Among these, CNTF treatment significantly increased oligodendrocytic process outgrowth. These results demonstrate classical cholinergic neuronal markers in oligodendrocytes as well as an effect of muscarinic receptor blockade on oligodendrocyte differentiation. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dependence of linac output on the switch rate of an intensity-modulated tomotherapy collimator (2000)

The electro-mechanical, multivane intensity modulated collimator ("MIMiC") slit collimator with 40 vanes has been applied in the delivery of inversely planned sequential tomotherapy to over 4,000 patients. The collimator is binary in that each vane switches between fully open or closed status. Resulting beamlet patterns provide the intensity distributions imparting dose to the patient. The bouncing and damping of vanes at the two ends of their travel cause transient dose perturbations near and at the borders of the treatment field. These perturbations are not explicitly modeled by the planning system. Clinical beamlet profiles and output factors may then differ from those in the planning system and as a function of the vane switch period. A mechanical model of vane switching was developed to describe this dependency. Dose output and distribution of seven simple vane patterns with different switch times were measured with ionization chambers and radiographic films in polystyrene and anthropomorphic phantoms. Linac output dependence on switch time relative to vane open time was determined for four intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) patients from measurements of an ionization chamber embedded in a cylindrical polystyrene phantom. Results demonstrate output dependence on switch time and, accordingly, on the servo mechanism for monitor units, arc length, dose rate, and gantry speed. In conclusion, the output dependence borders on clinical significance-improvements to collimator, dose calculation, commissioning, and quality assurance (QA) are suggested.
LIMP-2 expression is critical for β-glucocerebrosidase activity and α-synuclein clearance (2014)

Mutations within the lysosomal enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase (GC) result in Gaucher disease and represent a major risk factor for developing Parkinson disease (PD). Loss of GC activity leads to accumulation of its substrate glucosylceramide and α-synuclein. Since lysosomal activity of GC is tightly linked to expression of its trafficking receptor, the lysosomal integral membrane protein type-2 (LIMP-2), we studied α-synuclein metabolism in LIMP-2-deficient mice. These mice showed an α-synuclein dosage-dependent phenotype, including severe neurological impairments and premature death. In LIMP-2-deficient brains a significant reduction in GC activity led to lipid storage, disturbed autophagic/lysosomal function, and α-synuclein accumulation mediating neurotoxicity of dopaminergic (DA) neurons, apoptotic cell death, and inflammation. Heterologous expression of LIMP-2 accelerated clearance of overexpressed α-synuclein, possibly through increasing lysosomal GC activity. In surviving DA neurons of human PD midbrain, LIMP-2 levels were increased, probably to compensate for lysosomal GC deficiency. Therefore, we suggest that manipulating LIMP-2 expression to increase lysosomal GC activity is a promising strategy for the treatment of synucleinopathies.