gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SNS and SIS Josephson junctions with dimensions down to the submicron region prepared by a unified technology (1999)

Several applications of Josephson junctions (JJs) in low-temperature superconducting circuits such as programmable voltage standards and SFQ logical circuits or SQUID sensors require JJs with sub-µm dimensions. A method for preparing superconductor-isolator-superconductor (SIS) JJs as well as superconductor-normal metal-superconductor (SNS) JJs was developed which allows the preparation of both types of junctions by nearly the same technological process. Titanium is used as the normal metal for the SNS JJ. Ti can be anodically oxidized and a technology similar to the well-tried Nb-Al technology for SIS JJs can be applied to the SNS system, too. By electron-beam exposure of a negative deep UV photoresist (ma-N 2400) a stable resist mask is generated which has to withstand the following three self-aligned process steps: etching of the Nb counterelectrode by RIE, isolation by anodization and lifting of a SiO planarization layer. By this process SNS (Nb-Ti-Nb) and SIS (Nb-Al/AlOx-Nb) Josephson junctions with smallest junction areas of 0.49 µm2 were prepared and characterized by dc measurements and under the influence of microwave irradiation. The Nb-Ti-Nb junctions have IcRn products of 87 µV. They can be used for programmable Josephson voltage standard circuits at frequencies of 70 GHz.
Aortic Arch Reconstruction by Transluminally Placed Endovascular Branched Stent Graft (1999)

This report demonstrates the technical feasibility of endovascular branched stent graft repair for aneurysms located at the aortic arch. Careful, longer follow-up and further extensive clinical trials are awaited toward establishing this technique as a recommendable alternative to surgical treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysms.
Metal oxides as a hole-injecting layer for an organic electroluminescent device (1996)

We demonstrate that by using thin films of metal oxides, such as vanadium oxide (VOx), molybdenum oxide (MoOx) and ruthenium oxide (RuOx), as a hole-injecting layer for an organic electroluminescent (EL) device consisting of N,N'-diphenyl-N,N-bis(3-methylphenyl1)1,1'-biphenyl-4,4' diamine (TPD) and tris-(8-quinolinolato) aluminium (Alq), the EL device performance can be significantly improved. The `operating voltage' of the device is reduced with respect to a device with a well known indium - tin-oxide (ITO) electrode for hole injection. We consider that the improvement of the operating voltage is attributable to the lower energy barrier for hole injection at the metal oxide/TPD interface.
Comparative performance study of space priority mechanisms for ATM networks (2002)

Priorities for buffer access, also called space priorities, are discussed in connection with the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), which is widely accepted as the basis for the future broadband ISDN. The introduction of priorities enables the ATM layer to adapt the quality of the cell transfer to the quality of service requirements of the specific broadband ISDN services in order to improve the utilization of the network resources. A description is given of different space priority mechanisms and their performance evaluation. A comparative performance study of these concepts is given, indicating the good performance characteristics of a simple buffering scheme called partial buffer sharing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
h-BN-TiO2Nanocomposite for Photocatalytic Applications (2016)

h-BN-TiO 2 nanocomposites were synthesized by the thermal hydrolysis of titanium peroxo-complexes in the presence of exfoliated h-BN. The bulk h-BN was prepared by annealing mixture of boric acid and urea, and high intensity ultrasound was used for its exfoliation. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, electron spin resonance (ESR), high resolution electron microscopy, BET surface area, and BJH porosity measurement. The UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was employed to estimate band-gap energies. The photoinduced charge on the surface of h-BN-TiO 2 nanocomposites was visualized using electric force microscopy (EFM). The photocatalytic activity was determined by azo dyes Orange II and Reactive Black 5 photobleaching. The highest rate constant<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>= 0.0762 min −1 and 0.0164 min −1 , under UV and visible light irradiation, respectively, showed sample denoted TiP050BN with moderate concentration of h-BN.
Low-dose continuous chemotherapy for metastatic melanoma (2003)

The prognosis of patients with metastatic melanoma remains poor and there is a need to develop new regimens with low toxicity. We investigated a novel outpatient regimen combining oral and intravenous chemotherapy with daily subcutaneous bleomycin. Twenty-nine chemotherapy-naive patients with metastatic melanoma were treated with a novel regimen consisting of low dose lomustine, daily subcutaneous bleomycin, chlorambucil, methotrexate and vinblastine with tamoxifen for an 8 week cycle (LBCMVT-56). A median of two cycles were given until disease progression or grade 3/4 toxicity. Five out of 29 (17%) patients had an objective response, of whom two (7%) had a complete response and remain progression-free after 2 years of follow-up. The median overall survival was 7.3 months. A symptomatic response was seen in 11 out of 29 patients (38%). Toxicity was acceptable, with grade 3/4 haematological toxicity seen in 25% of cycles, infection requiring intravenous antibiotics in 11% of cycles, and pulmonary toxicity seen in 4% of cycles. Hospitalization was required in 21% of the patients at some point during the treatment, most commonly for neutropenic sepsis. LBCMVT-56 chemotherapy is a novel outpatient regimen producing occasional durable complete responses in a patient group with a poor prognosis. The median survival is similar to that obtained with dacarbazine, though the toxicity is greater.
Cytomegalovirus Immune Globulin and Seronegative Blood Products to Prevent Primary Cytomegalovirus Infection after Marrow Transplantation (1986)

In an attempt to prevent primary cytomegalovirus infection after marrow transplantation, we randomly assigned 97 patients who were seronegative for antibody to cytomegalovirus before transplantation to receive one of the following: (1) both intravenous cytomegalovirus immune globulin and seronegative blood products (23 patients); (2) seronegative blood products alone (28 patients); (3) globulin alone (22 patients); or (4) neither treatment (24 patients). Patients not assigned to receive seronegative blood products received unscreened blood products from random donors. The incidence of cytomegalovirus infection according to study group among patients in the study for at least 62 days was 5 percent, 13 percent, 24 percent, and 40 percent, respectively. Among 57 patients with seronegative marrow donors, those who received seronegative blood products had significantly less infection (1 of 32) than those who received standard blood products (8 of 25, P less than 0.007). In contrast, the use of seronegative blood products did not appear to prevent cytomegalovirus infection among patients with seropositive marrow donors. The possibility that cytomegalovirus immune globulin as used in this study can prevent cytomegalovirus infection or ameliorate cytomegalovirus disease was not confirmed, and it cannot be recommended for routine use without additional study.
The Clinical Spectrum of Granulomatous Prostatitis: A Report of 200 Cases (1987)

Granulomatous prostatitis, reviewed in 200 tissue-diagnosed cases, occurred in 0.8 per cent of the benign inflammatory prostatic specimens. Often the disease followed a recent urinary tract infection (71 per cent) and was suspicious clinically for prostatic cancer (59 per cent). The diagnosis usually was made by needle biopsy or at transurethral prostatectomy (94 per cent). Most cases of granulomatous prostatitis were classified as nonspecific. The recently identified entity of post-transurethral resection granulomatous prostatitis was found in 49 patients. A proposed new category of granulomatous prostatitis that is secondary to systemic granulomatous diseases was documented in 6 patients. Most cases of granulomatous prostatitis resolved spontaneously and required no specific therapy.
Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 underlies the functional heterogeneity of synovial cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Involvement of cell cycle machinery (2000)

ICAM-1-positive synovial cells represent growth arrest and subsequent apoptosis, whereas ICAM-1-negative cells are proliferative. Such differences in regulation of the cell cycle based on ICAM-1 status are important determinants of the lifespan, proliferation, and growth arrest of RA synoviocytes.
The MIT technical information project (1965)

The Technical Information Project at MIT is an experiment in information-system design. It is intended to provide a test-bed facility to evaluate search strategies, to learn from direct experience what contributions modern technology can make in solving the problems of scientific exchange, and to localize those areas in the information process where technological improvements are most likely to succeed. The present paper describes the system.
An Ultra-Low Noise Microwave Synthesizer (1979)

A silicon bipolar transistor together with a barium titanate dielectric resonator were used to design a low noise microwave synthesizer. The oscillator was phase locked to a low-frequency (LF) reference with microwave frequency selection provided by a high-speed digital programmable divider within the phase-locked loop. The resulting FM noise Delta f/sub rms/ was 0.0003 Hz in a 1-Hz band greater than 1000 Hz from the 1-GHz carrier.
Danger of high‐protein dietary supplements to persons with hyperphenylalaninaemia (2003)

A 16-year-old adolescent with mild hyperphenylalaninaemia was given a high-protein 'body building' supplement twice daily, causing headaches, decreased school performance and mild depression. All symptoms disappeared after cessation of the supplement. The phenylalanine hydroxylase mutation H170D/IVS1nt5G>T was found to be responsive to tetrahydrobiopterin with significant decrease in blood phenylalanine concentration and increase in tyrosine blood content. A brain phenylalanine level of 0.5 mmol/L was initially documented, which decreased to the normal carrier range of 0.2 mmol/L within one month of discontinuance of the protein supplement. At present, the patient is on a normal diet without phenylalanine restriction.
Acid proteases of vitreal macrophages (1984)

Macrophage invasion in rabbits was elicited by intravitreal injection of trypan blue or latex particles; as after hemorrhage, there are two periods of macrophage invasion with elevated numbers of intravitreal cells at three and 21 days. Release of acid proteolytic activity by macrophages from both time periods was assayed by analysis of the cell-free vitreal supernate and of the medium of cultured cells. Lysates of freshly-isolated macrophages and of adjacent ocular tissues were also analyzed. Although some quantitative differences were observed, a similar profile of acid proteolytic activity toward hemoglobin at pH 2.0 to 6.5 was found in the vitreal supernate and in the cells from both periods. Most macrophages invade via the ciliary processes and during invasion elevated levels of acid proteolytic activity were found in this tissue. Although some macrophages transmigrate the retina, normal acid protease levels were low in sensory retina and essentially unchanged during macrophage invasion. Protease inhibitor studies indicated the presence of carboxyl, cysteinyl, serine and metallo proteases in macrophages and in macrophage-containing tissues. The inhibitor data also suggested qualitative differences in acid protease activities in macrophages from the two invasive periods. During macrophage invasion vitreal pH was reduced from 7.4 to 6.2 suggesting that some macrophage-derived acid proteases may be active in that compartment. Thus, although the phagocytic activity of macrophages aids vitreal clearing, action of macrophage proteases may also contribute to vitreal pathology by cleavage of vitreal proteins.
Antagonism of Nerve Growth Factor-TrkA Signaling and the Relief of Pain (2011)

Nerve growth factor (NGF) was originally discovered as a neurotrophic factor essential for the survival of sensory and sympathetic neurons during development. However, in the adult NGF has been found to play an important role in nociceptor sensitization after tissue injury. The authors outline mechanisms by which NGF activation of its cognate receptor, tropomyosin-related kinase A receptor, regulates a host of ion channels, receptors, and signaling molecules to enhance acute and chronic pain. The authors also document that peripherally restricted antagonism of NGF-tropomyosin-related kinase A receptor signaling is effective for controlling human pain while appearing to maintain normal nociceptor function. Understanding whether there are any unexpected adverse events and how humans may change their behavior and use of the injured/degenerating tissue after significant pain relief without sedation will be required to fully appreciate the patient populations that may benefit from these therapies targeting NGF.
Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest in clinical practice: Review and compilation of recent experiences (2009)

Objectives: We sought to review findings from recent literature on the postresuscitation care of cardiac arrest patients using therapeutic hypothermia as part of nontrial treatment. Design: Literature review. Setting: Hospital-based environment. Subjects: Patients initially resuscitated from cardiac arrest who underwent hypothermia induction as a treatment regimen or historical control patients who did not receive hypothermia therapy. Measurements: We compiled protocol methodology from the various studies, as well as survival-to-hospital discharge and neurological outcomes. Main Results: Although varied in their protocols and outcome reporting, results from published investigations confirmed the findings from landmark randomized controlled trials, in that the use of therapeutic hypothermia increased survival with an odds ratio of 2.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.8-3.3) and favorable outcome with an odds ratio of 2.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.9-3.4). Conclusions: The survival and neurological outcomes benefit from therapeutic hypothermia are robust when compared over a wide range of studies of actual implementation.
Synthesis and Molecular Structures of Some New Titanium(IV) Aryloxides (2001)

The coordination chemistry of model phenolic ligands (pyrocatechol, salicylic acid, and 2,2'-biphenol) that are able to form respectively five-, six-, or seven-membered rings with titanium(IV) alkoxides is investigated. With pyrocatechol, a polynuclear complex containing 10 Ti atoms was characterized with a not very common doubly bridging mu3-(O,O,O',O') coordination mode. With salicylic acid, a monomeric tris(chelate) complex was obtained. With 2,2'-biphenol, a polynuclear complex containing six Ti atoms was obtained showing both mu2-(O,O') and mu2-(O,O,O') coordination modes for the ligands. Intermolecular interactions in the solid state for these three new compounds are also quantitatively discussed using the partial charge model.
Amantadine and Motor Fluctuations in Chronic Parkinsonʼs Disease (1987)

Twenty patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and motor fluctuations received open-label amantadine (100-200 mg/d) in addition to their other antiparkinson medications. One patient had unpredictable motor fluctuations (on-off) and the others had end-of-dose wearing-off. The effect of amantadine on motor fluctuations and parkinsonian disability was tested at 1, 2, and 3 months. Moderate improvement in motor fluctuations occurred in 55% of the patients at 2 months and 65% of patients at 3 months of treatment (p less than 0.01). There was also significant improvement in parkinsonian disability. The duration of improvement averaged 5.7 months, and all patients deteriorated to their baseline level of function within 12 months. This study suggests that the addition of amantadine can transiently improve motor fluctuations and have a significant impact on overall disability in patients with chronic PD.
Quantum network optimization (2001)

In many candidate designs of solid-state quantum computers, interactions between qubits are limited to a small number of neighboring qubits. Taking into account this limitation we describe how quantum algorithms can be executed efficiently on these designs. We illustrate our results with the quantum Fourier transform for which linear depth networks are obtained. The concepts presented in this work can be applied to all quantum algorithms to reduce considerably the coherence time needed for their execution.
Gain enhancement methods for printed circuit antennas through multiple superstrates (1987)

Reciprocity and a transmission line model are used to determine the radiation properties of printed circuit antennas (PCA's) in a multilayered material configuration. It is demonstrated that extremely high directive gain may result at any scan angle, with practical materials, if the thickness of the substrate and multiple superstrate layers is chosen properly. This model is also used to analyze the radiation characteristics of printed circuit antennas in inhomogeneous substrates.
Oxford Handbook of Nucleic Acid Structure (1999)

Abstract The Oxford Handbook of Nucleic Acid Structure is a comprehensive reference text on all aspects of nucleic acid sturcture. Particular emphasis is placed on the results from X-ray crystallography and NMR studies, with both methods being given equal weight. The nineteen chapters describe in detail the variety of DNA and RNA structural types discovered to date with all the major 'native' structures being represented. The text progresses systematically through the polymorphs of double helical DNA through to the higher-order organizations of triplexes, quadruplexes, and junctions, then to RNA structures in their various degrees of complexity. Each chapter has been written by authorities in the field who have worked together to provide this comprehensive text on nucleic acid structure. The whole project has been brought together and edited by Professor Stephen Neidle who is Director of the CRC Biomolecular Structure Unit at the Institute of Cancer Research.
20世纪世界音乐史的方方面面——疑问、问题和概念 (1992)

整个世界音乐史或整个人类音乐史仍然很少被研究,音乐学的领域也不具有充分的准备去论述它。而且,在音乐民族学的早先的历史中,文化的和生物的进化论者理论的诱惑对顺序的建立提供了一种动机,并暗示了世界音乐历史是可预定的。如象学者霍恩博斯特尔(Hombostel 1905)和萨克斯(Sachs 1962)著作代表的比较音乐学领域,虽然也确认不同文化具有独自的特性和个性,但其结果是放在整个世界历时的观察上的。在以后的文献中,随着有关特定知识的发展,人们意识到这一音乐历史世界观的判断是无效的。今天,随着音乐世界中重新开始的兴趣,
A further study on the dietary-regulated biosynthesis of high-sulphur wool proteins (1969)

When the diet of sheep is supplemented by the infusion of sulphur-containing amino acids or casein into the abomasum, the newly synthesized wool shows characteristic changes in its amino acid composition, with significant increases in cystine, proline and serine and decreases in aspartic acid and phenylalanine. This modification seems to be due entirely to an alteration in the overall composition of the high-sulphur proteins and to an increase in their proportion in the fibre. These variations are not the result of a change in the composition of individual proteins, but are due to alterations in their relative proportions and to the initiation of the synthesis of ;new' proteins, many of which are extremely rich in cystine. It is suggested that the heterogeneity of the high-sulphur proteins may be due, in part, to similar changes in composition caused by natural variations in the nutrition of sheep.
Effect of microaerophilic cell growth conditions on expression of the aerobic (cyoABCDE and cydAB) and anaerobic (narGHJI, frdABCD, and dmsABC) respiratory pathway genes in Escherichia coli (1996)

Escherichia coli varies the synthesis of many of its respiratory enzymes in response to oxygen availability. These enzymes include cytochrome o oxidase (cyoABCDE) and cytochrome d oxidase (cydAB), used during aerobic cell growth, and a fumarate reductase (frdABCD), dimethyl sulfoxide/trimethylamine oxide reductase (dmsABC), and nitrate reductase (narGHJI), used during anaerobic respiratory conditions. To determine how different levels of oxygen affect the expression of each operon, strains containing cyo-lacZ, cyd-lacZ, frdA-lacZ, dmsA-lacZ, and narG-lacZ fusions were grown in continuous culture at various degrees of air saturation. The basal-level expression of the anaerobic respiratory genes, frdABCD, dmsABC, and narGHJI, occurred when the air saturation of the medium was above 20%; as the saturation was reduced to below 10% (ca. 2% oxygen), the expression rapidly increased and reached a maximal level at 0% air. In contrast, cyoABCDE gene expression was lowest under anaerobic conditions while cyd-lacZ expression was about 40% of its maximum level. When the oxygen level was raised into the microaerophilic range (ca. 7% air saturation) cyd-lacZ expression was maximal while cyo-lacZ expression was elevated by about fivefold. As the air level was raised to above 20% saturation, cyd-lacZ expression fell to a basal level while cyo-lacZ expression was increased to its maximum level. The role of the Fnr and ArcA regulatory proteins in this microaerophilic control of respiratory gene expression was documented: whereas Fnr function as an aerobic/anaerobic switch in the range of 0 to 10% air saturation, ArcA exerted its control in the 10 to 20% range. These two transcriptional regulators coordinate the hierarchial control of respiratory pathway gene expression in E. coli to ensure the optimal use of oxygen in the cell environment.
A new, highly sensitive enzymic assay for human tryptase and its use for identification of tryptase inhibitors. (1990)

A chromogenic two-stage assay for human tryptase, a specific marker of mast cell activation, was developed based on the tryptase-induced conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. This assay proved to be more sensitive and reliable than measurements of amidolytic activity of tryptase with small synthetic substrates such as Bz-Arg-Nan and was suitable to detect tryptase activity in human body fluids. In addition, the assay was useful for studies of natural and recombinant inhibitors of tryptase.
Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas—current management and new biologic insights. Is there a glimmer of hope? (2017)

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) has proven to be one of the most challenging of all pediatric cancers. Owing to a historical reticence to obtain tumor tissue for study, and based on an erroneous assumption that the biology of DIPG would mirror that of supratentorial high-grade astrocytomas, innumerable studies have been undertaken-all of which have had a negligible impact on the natural history of this disease. More recently, improvements in neurosurgical techniques have allowed for the safe upfront biopsy of DIPG, which, together with a wider use of autopsy tissue, has led to an evolving understanding of the biology of this tumor. The discovery of a recurrent somatic gain-of-function mutation leading to lysine 27 to methionine (p.Lys27Met, K27M) substitution in histone 3 variants characterizes more than 85% of DIPG, suggesting for the first time the role of the epigenome and histones in the pathogenesis of this disease, and more unified diagnostic criteria. Along with further molecular insights into the pathogenesis of DIPG, rational targets are being identified and studied in the hopes of improving the otherwise dismal outcome for children with DIPG.