gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biological effects of laser welding on vascular healing (1986)

The feasibility of welding thin-walled microvessels by laser has been established. This report summarizes our experience using laser welding to repair thick-walled, high-pressure, 4 to 8-mm canine arteries using CO2, Nd:YAG, and argon lasers. The CO2 laser did not produce seals that could withstand arterial pressure. Nd:YAG laser welds were initially successful, but the majority failed within 20 to 40 minutes. The argon laser uniformly sealed 2-cm-length arteriotomies that healed rapidly within 4 to 6 weeks and had less foreign body response compared to sutured controls. Laser welding may represent an alternative for repair of small- and large-diameter vessels with several advantages compared to conventional suture techniques.
Mechanical relaxation of organic monolayer films measured by force microscopy (1992)

Using the newly developed interfacial-force microscope, we present results for the first measurements of the mechanical relaxation of a Au supported, self-assembled monolayer film interacting with a microscopic tungsten tip. For a methyl-terminated n-alkanethiol film, we observe negligible adhesive film-tip interaction and complete passivation of tip-substrate bonding. The mechanical behavior of the film itself shows a time-dependent, elastic response.
Genetic recombination in Sorghum bicolor × S. macrospermum interspecific hybrids (2008)

Sorghum has been improved by public and private breeding programs utilizing germplasm mostly from within the species Sorghum bicolor. Until recently, cross-incompatibilities have prevented hybridization of S. bicolor with most other species within the genus Sorghum. Utilizing germplasm homozygous for the iap allele, hybrids were readily produced between S. bicolor (2n = 20; AAB1B1) and S. macrospermum (2n = 40; WWXXYYZZ). These hybrids were intermediate to the parents in chromosome number (2n = 30) and overall morphology. Meiosis in both parents was regular; S. bicolor had 10 bivalents per pollen mother cell (PMC) and S. macrospermum had an average of 19.96 bivalents per PMC. Six hybrids were studied cytologically and meiosis was irregular, with the chromosomes associating primarily as univalents and bivalents. There was an average of 3.54 bivalents per PMC, with a range of 0-8 bivalents, most of which were rods (98%). Using FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization), moderate levels (2.6 II per PMC) of allosyndetic recombination were observed. Genomic relationships were sufficient to assign S. macrospermum the genomic formula AAB1B1YYZZ (Y and Z remain unknown). Allosyndetic recombination in the interspecific hybrids indicates that introgression through genetic recombination should be possible if viable backcrosses can be recovered.
Compact and fast response ultrasonic detection system by two-wave mixing in a gallium arsenide photorefractive crystal (2001)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Benjamin Campagne, Alain Blouin, Lionel Pujol, Jean-Pierre Monchalin; Compact and fast response ultrasonic detection system by two-wave mixing in a gallium arsenide photorefractive crystal. AIP Conf. Proc. 30 April 2001; 557 (1): 228–235. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1373763 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Endothelial Claudin (1999)

Tight junctions (TJs) in endothelial cells are thought to determine vascular permeability. Recently, claudin-1 to -15 were identified as major components of TJ strands. Among these, claudin-5 (also called transmembrane protein deleted in velo-cardio-facial syndrome [TMVCF]) was expressed ubiquitously, even in organs lacking epithelial tissues, suggesting the possible involvement of this claudin species in endothelial TJs. We then obtained a claudin-6-specific polyclonal antibody and a polyclonal antibody that recognized both claudin-5/TMVCF and claudin-6. In the brain and lung, immunofluorescence microscopy with these polyclonal antibodies showed that claudin-5/TMVCF was exclusively concentrated at cell-cell borders of endothelial cells of all segments of blood vessels, but not at those of epithelial cells. Immunoreplica electron microscopy revealed that claudin-5/TMVCF was a component of TJ strands. In contrast, in the kidney, the claudin-5/TMVCF signal was restricted to endothelial cells of arteries, but was undetectable in those of veins and capillaries. In addition, in all other tissues we examined, claudin-5/TMVCF was specifically detected in endothelial cells of some segments of blood vessels, but not in epithelial cells. Furthermore, when claudin-5/TMVCF cDNA was introduced into mouse L fibroblasts, TJ strands were reconstituted that resembled those in endothelial cells in vivo, i.e., the extracellular face-associated TJs. These findings indicated that claudin-5/TMVCF is an endothelial cell-specific component of TJ strands.
Bacteremia at Boston City Hospital: Occurrence and Mortality during 12 Selected Years (1935-1972), with Special Reference to Hospital-Acquired Cases (1975)

The cases of all patients hospitalized at Boston City Hospital during 1972 who had blood cultures positive for a clinically significant, aerobic bacterial pathogen or for Candida were analyzed with respect to incidence and mortality, sex, age, admission to medical or surgical services, and the causative organism. Similar data were obtained for 11 years between 1935 and 1969 selected to reflect the introduction and general use of various effective antibacterial agents. Comparisons were also made between hospital-acquired bacteremic infections (defined as those in which the first positive blood culture was obtained on or after the third day in the hospital) and community-acquired infections (defined as those with positive blood cultures on admission or within the first two days in the hospital). In 1972, the incidence of bacteremic infections (but not the case-fatality ratio) was significantly higher in males than in females. Bacteremic infections were more than twice as frequent on the medical than on the surgical services, but the case-fatality ratio was slightly but not significantly higher on the surgical services. Bacteremia wasteremia was most frequent in the youngest (birth through nine years) and the oldest (greater than or equal to 60 years) age groups, whereas the case-fatality ratio was lowest in the youngest group and increased with each decade of life. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most frequent organism causing bacteremia; next were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella-Enterobacter, and Staphylococcus aureus, in that order...
Inactivation of auxin in tobacco transformed with the indoleacetic acid-lysine synthetase gene of Pseudomonas savastanoi. (1991)

The iaaL gene of Pseudomonas syringae, subspecies savastanoi, encodes an indoleacetic acid (IAA)-lysine synthetase. To determine the effects of converting IAA to IAA-lysine in whole plants, the iaaL gene was fused to a constitutive plant promoter and introduced into tobacco plants. Biochemical analyses show that endogenous IAA is reduced by up to 19-fold in iaaL plants. Tobacco plants expressing the iaaL gene display reduced apical dominance, reduced rooting, and inhibition of vascular differentiation. The phenotypic effects of iaaL gene expression are reverted by crossing iaaL plants with plants that overproduce IAA. These data indicate that iaaL can act as an anti-auxin gene in vivo and confirm the role of auxin in the control of apical dominance, root growth, and vascular differentiation in whole plants.
Transmission characteristics of arrayed waveguide N×N wavelength multiplexer (1995)

To realize practical wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems, a high-performance N/spl times/N wavelength multiplexer is introduced that is based on an arrayed-waveguide grating. Its transmission characteristics are theoretically derived and experimentally confirmed. A prototype is constructed using the previously proposed techniques that attain low insertion loss and polarization independent operation. It has 16 channels (N=16) with a spacing of 0.8 mn, or 100 GHz, in the 1.55-/spl mu/m band. Frequency relation between input and output ports, free spectral range, and passband width are determined. A demonstration of IM-DD pulse transmission shows that there is no degradation of bit error rate resulting from the finite passband width and crosstalk of the multiplexer. It is confirmed that the multiplexer can realize highly reliable N-channel WDM and WDM-based N/spl times/N interconnect optical networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The CCP4 molecular-graphics project (2002)

This new package will provide easy-to-use access to crystallographic structure solution, model building and structure analysis. It will be possible for any developer to integrate scientific software into the system.
Evidence of linkage disequilibrium in the Spanish polycystic kidney disease I population. (1994)

Forty-one Spanish families with polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1) were studied for evidence of linkage disequilibrium between the disease locus and six closely linked markers. Four of these loci--three highly polymorphic microsatellites (SM6, CW3, and CW2) and an RFLP marker (BLu24)--are described for the first time in this report. Overall the results reveal many different haplotypes on the disease-carrying chromosome, suggesting a variety of independent PKD1 mutations. However, linkage disequilibrium was found between BLu24 and PKD1, and this was corroborated by haplotype analysis including the microsatellite polymorphisms. From this analysis a group of closely related haplotypes, consisting of four markers, was found on 40% of PKD1 chromosomes, although markers flanking this homogeneous region showed greater variability. This study has highlighted an interesting subpopulation of Spanish PKD1 chromosomes, many of which have a common origin, that may be useful for localizing the PKD1 locus more precisely.
Major histocompatibility complex class I molecules of nonhuman primates (1988)

The usefulness of nonhuman primates in immunologically relevant research has until now been limited by difficulties in characterizing the major histocompatibility (MHC) gene products of these species. We have now biochemically characterized the MHC-encoded class I molecules from four different species of nonhuman primates using antibodies directed against human MHC class I structures and one-dimensional isoelectric focusing (1-D IEF). We demonstrated the functional relevancy of this technique of MHC typing by generating virus-specific cytotoxic T cells and assaying their cytotoxic activity against a panel of virus-transformed cells that expressed the same or differing class I structures. Only virus-infected cell lines expressing MHC class I antigens identical to those of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte population were lysed. This simple method of MHC class I typing using 1-D IEF will be useful in immunological research involving nonhuman primates and in nonhuman primate colony management.
Duration of time from onset of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infectiousness to development of detectable antibody (1994)

The window period averages 45 days, with few, if any, donors remaining infectious and seronegative for longer than 6 months.
The ftf gene encoding the cell-bound fructosyltransferase of Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 25975 is preceded by an insertion sequence and followed by FUR1 and clp P homologues (1993)

Analysis of the region downstream of the ftf gene of Streptococcus salivarius led to the detection of two open reading frames (ORFs). The deduced amino acid sequences of these ORFs were homologous to proteins encoded by genes not previously described and/or sequenced in Gram-positive bacteria. The deduced amino acid sequence of the first of these (orf2) showed strong homology to the product of the FUR1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which codes for a uracil phosphoribosyltransferase. The over-expression of the product of this gene appeared to be the source of the detrimental effect observed with phagemids carrying orf2 in Escherichia coli hosts. The deduced amino acid sequence of the second ORF (orf3) was homologous to the ClpP family of proteases. Examination of the upstream region of the ftf gene led to the discovery of a new insertion sequence-like element which has been designated IS1161.
Tumor-specific targeting by Bavituximab, a phosphatidylserine-targeting monoclonal antibody with vascular targeting and immune modulating properties, in lung cancer xenografts. (2015)

Bavituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody with immune modulating and tumor-associated vascular disrupting properties demonstrated in models of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The molecular target of Bavituximab, phosphatidylserine (PS), is exposed on the outer leaflet of the membrane bi-layer of malignant vascular endothelial cells and tumor cells to a greater extent than on normal tissues. We evaluated the tumor-targeting properties of Bavituximab for imaging of NSCLC xenografts when radiolabeled with (111)In through conjugation with a bifunctional chelating agent, 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA). In vitro binding of (111)In-DOTA-Bavituximab to PS was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Biodistribution of (111)In-DOTA-Bavituximab was conducted in normal rats, which provided data for dosimetry calculation. Single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging was performed in athymic nude rats bearing A549 NSCLC xenografts. At the molar conjugation ratio of 0.54 DOTA per Bavituximab, the PS binding affinity of (111)In-DOTA-Bavituximab was comparable to that of unmodified Bavituximab. Based on the quantitative SPECT/CT imaging data analysis, (111)In-DOTA-Bavituximab demonstrated tumor-specific uptake as measured by the tumor-tomuscle ratio, which peaked at 5.2 at 72 hr post-injection. In contrast, the control antibody only presented a contrast of 1.2 at the same time point.These findings may underlie the diagnostic efficacy and relative low rates of systemic vascular and immune-related toxicities of this immunoconjugate. Future applications of (111)In-DOTA-bavituximab may include prediction of efficacy, indication of tumor immunologic status, or characterization of radiographic findings.
Use of enzymes in immunoassay techniques. A review (1984)

C. Blake and B. J. Gould, Analyst, 1984, 109, 533 DOI: 10.1039/AN9840900533
Proof for the Concerted Inversion Mechanism in the trans→cis Isomerization of Azobenzene Using Hydrogen Bonding To Induce Isomer Locking (2010)

Azobenzene undergoes reversible cis<-->trans photoisomerization upon irradiation. Substituents often change the isomerization behavior of azobenzene, but not always in a predictive manner. The synthesis and properties of three azobenzene derivatives, AzoAMP-1, -2, and -3, are reported. AzoAMP-1 (2,2'-bis[N-(2-pyridyl)methyl]diaminoazobenzene), which possesses two aminomethylpyridine groups ortho to the azo group, exhibits minimal trans-->cis photoisomerization and extremely rapid cis-->trans thermal recovery. AzoAMP-1 adopts a planar conformation in the solid state and is much more emissive (Phi(fl) = 0.003) than azobenzene when frozen in a matrix of 1:1 diethylether/ethanol at 77 K. Two strong intramolecular hydrogen bonds between anilino protons and pyridyl and azo nitrogen atoms are responsible for these unusual properties. Computational data predict AzoAMP-1 should not isomerize following S(2)<--S(0) excitation because of the presence of an energy barrier in the S(1) state. When potential energy curves are recalculated with methyl groups in place of anilino protons, the barrier to isomerization disappears. The dimethylated analogue AzoAMP-2 was independently synthesized, and the photoisomerization predicted by calculations was confirmed experimentally. AzoAMP-2, when irradiated at 460 nm, photoisomerizes with a quantum yield of 0.19 and has a much slower rate of thermal isomerization back to the trans form compared to that of AzoAMP-1. Its emission intensity at 77 K is comparable to that of azobenzene. Confirmation that the AzoAMP-1 and -2 retain excited state photochemistry analogous to azobenzene was provided by ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy of both compounds in the visible spectral region. The isomerization of azobenzene occurs via a concerted inversion mechanism where both aryl rings must adopt a collinear arrangement prior to inversion. The hydrogen bonding in AzoAMP-1 prevents both aryl rings from adopting this conformation. To further probe the mechanism of isomerization, AzoAMP-3, which has only one anilinomethylpyridine substituent for hydrogen bonding, was prepared and characterized. AzoAMP-3 does not isomerize and exhibits emission (Phi(fl) = 0.0008) at 77 K. The hydrogen bonding motif in AzoAMP-1 and AzoAMP-3 provides the first example where inhibiting the concerted inversion pathway in an azobenzene prevents isomerization. These molecules provide important supporting evidence for the spectroscopic and computational studies aimed at elucidating the isomerization mechanism in azobenzene.
Stereospezifische Katalysen und isotaktische Polymere (1956)

Abstract Bei der Stereoisomerie von Hochpolymeren aus Vinyl‐Monomeren sind ataktische, isotaktische und syndyotaktische Strukturen zu unterscheiden. Die Bildungsvoraussetzungen dieser Formen, die Arten der Reaktionsabläufe sowie die Eigenschaften der erhaltenen Produkte werden in Einzelheiten dargelegt. Es zeigt sich, daß ein anionischer Polymerisationsablauf das Entstehen von Polymeren regelmäßiger Struktur begünstigt. Die hierfür brauchbaren Katalysatoren werden beschrieben.
Off-Label Use of Recombinant Activated Factor VII (NovoSeven®) (2004)

NovoSeven ® (Novo Nordisk, Denmark) is a recombinant DNA preparation of activated blood coagulation factor VII (rFVIIa). It is used to manage bleeding in hemophilia patients for whom standard therapy is inadequate because of the pres-ence of inhibitors to either factor VIII (hemophilia A) or fac-tor IX (hemophilia B). It poses no risk for the transmission of human pathogens, and it is infused in relatively low volumes. As a drug that has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), NovoSeven ® may be prescribed for off-label purposes, including neonatal coagulopathies; severe hepatic disease; high-risk surgical procedures; traumatic blood loss; bone marrow transplantation; thrombocytopenias and platelet function disorders; urgent reversal of oral anticoagu-lation; congenital deficiencies of factors V, VII, X, and XI; and von Willebrand disease with inhibitors to von Willebrand fac-tor. Most of these uses are constrained by cost and limited clinical evidence, and additional work is needed to extend the FDA-approved labeling for this product.
Prodomains regulate the synthesis, extracellular localisation and activity of TGF-β superfamily ligands (2011)

All transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) ligands are synthesised as precursor molecules consisting of a signal peptide, an N-terminal prodomain and a C-terminal mature domain. During synthesis, prodomains interact non-covalently with mature domains, maintaining the molecules in a conformation competent for dimerisation. Dimeric precursors are cleaved by proprotein convertases, and TGF-β ligands are secreted from the cell non-covalently associated with their prodomains. Extracellularly, prodomains localise TGF-β ligands within the vicinity of their target cells via interactions with extracellular matrix proteins, including fibrillin and perlecan. For some family members (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, myostatin, GDF-11 and BMP-10), prodomains bind with high enough affinity to suppress biological activity. The subsequent mechanism of activation of these latent TGF-β ligands varies according to cell type and context, but all activating mechanisms directly target prodomains. Thus, prodomains control many aspects of TGF-β superfamily biology, and alterations in prodomain function are often associated with disease.
Implementation and characterization of a flexure-beam micromechanical spatial light modulator (1994)

A phase-only spatial light modulator is a highly efficient component for the filter plane of a real-time correlator. Implementation using flexure-beam micromechanical devices offers many advantages, such as high reflectivity and a high frame rate. However, extra effort is required to ensure high optical efficiency and low parasitic noise. This paper reports on the Texas Instruments implementation of a limited-addressability flexure-beam device that has a fill factor up to 74.3% and provides a dc shield for the analog signal on the mirror. It requires 30 V to modulate the 2π phase modulation of a 633-nm wavelength using an optical-bench setup. The rise and fall times are approximately 3.5 and 2.5 μs, respectively, at π modulation of 546 nm using an interlerometric microscope.
Complete Deficiency of Glycophorin A in Red Blood Cells From Mice With Targeted Inactivation of the Band 3 (AE1) Gene (1998)

Glycophorin A is the major transmembrane sialoglycoprotein of red blood cells. It has been shown to contribute to the expression of the MN and Wright blood group antigens, to act as a receptor for the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum and Sendai virus, and along with the anion transporter, band 3, may contribute to the mechanical properties of the red blood cell membrane. Several lines of evidence suggest a close interaction between glycophorin A and band 3 during their biosynthesis. Recently, we have generated mice where the band 3 expression was completely eliminated by selective inactivation of the AE1 anion exchanger gene, thus allowing us to study the effect of band 3 on the expression of red blood cell membrane proteins. In this report, we show that the band 3 −/− red blood cells contain protein 4.1, adducin, dematin, p55, and glycophorin C. In contrast, the band 3 −/− red blood cells are completely devoid of glycophorin A (GPA), as assessed by Western blot and immunocytochemistry techniques, whereas the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed the presence of GPA mRNA. Pulse-label and pulse-chase experiments show that GPA is not incorporated in the membrane and is rapidly degraded in the cytoplasm. Based on these findings and other published evidence, we propose that band 3 plays a chaperone-like role, which is necessary for the recruitment of GPA to the red blood cell plasma membrane.
Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Prochiral Ketones in Aqueous Media with New Water-Soluble Chiral Vicinal Diamine as Ligand (2003)

[reaction: see text] An easily accessible water-soluble chiral o-sulfonated 1,2-diphenylethlenediamine 2 and its mono-N-tosylated derivative 3 were synthesized for the first time. The ruthenium-complex-catalyzed reduction of prochiral ketones in aqueous media has been examined by using 3 as ligand and sodium formate as the source of hydrogen. The asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of omega-bromo acetophenones was achieved, in which only formate displacement occurred when formic acid/triethylamine azeotrope was used as the hydrogen donor.