gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Taurine and ellagic acid: Two differently‐acting natural antioxidants (1995)

Abstract Naturally occurring antimutagenic compounds are extensively analyzed for their capacity to protect cells from induced damage. We selected two agents, taurine and ellagic acid, treated in the literature as antioxidants, but whose activity is insufficiently known. This paper reports on the ability of these agents to act against damage induced by mitomycin‐C and hydrogen peroxide in Chinese hamster ovary cells cultivated in vitro. Cytogenetic and cytofluorimetric analyses were performed. Ellagic acid proved to have more than one mechanism of action, probably as a scavenger of oxygen species produced by H 2 O 2 treatment, and as a protector of the DNA double helix from alkylating agent injury. In our experimental conditions, taurine seems able to scavenge oxygen species. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Active Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Is Associated with Massive Oxidation of Plasma Albumin (2007)

The basic mechanism for idiopathic FSGS still is obscure. Indirect evidence in humans and generation of FSGS by oxidants in experimental models suggest a role of free radicals. In vitro studies demonstrate a main role of plasma albumin as antioxidant, its modification representing a chemical marker of oxidative stress. With the use of complementary liquid chromatography electron spray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) and biochemical methods, plasma albumin was characterized in 34 patients with FSGS; 18 had received a renal transplant, and 17 had IgM mesangial deposition. Patients with FSGS that was in remission or without recurrence after transplantation had normal plasma albumin, and the same occurred in patients with primary and secondary nephrites and with chronic renal failure. In contrast, patients with active FSGS or with posttransplantation recurrence had oxidized plasma albumin. This finding was based on the characterization of albumin Cys 34 with an mass-to-charge ratio of 511.71 in triple charge that was consistent with the formation of a cysteic acid carrying a sulfonic group (alb-SO(3)(-)). The exact mass of albumin was increased accordingly (+48 Da) for incorporation of three oxygen radicals. Direct titration of the free sulfhydryl group 34 of plasma albumin and electrophoretic titration curves confirmed loss of free sulfhydryl group and formation of a fast-moving isoform in all cases with disease activity. This is the first demonstration of in vivo plasma albumin oxidation that was obtained with an adequate structural approach. Albumin oxidation seems to be specific for FSGS, suggesting some pathogenetic implications. Free radical involvement in FSGS may lead to specific therapeutic interventions.
Expression of exogenous protein and analysis of morphogenesis in the developing chicken heart using an adenoviral vector (1996)

Application of an adenoviral vector to early-stage embryonic chick heart results in substantial expression of exogenous protein in a significant percentage of cardiomyocytes without grossly affecting heart development. Adenoviral vectors are useful for following the fate of cells as the heart develops from a simple tube into a complex four-chambered organ and hold promise for enabling the expression of exogenous proteins which might alter cell behavior.
Research directions in object-oriented programming (1987)

Once a radical notion, object-oriented programming is one of today's most active research areas. It is especially well suited to the design of very large software projects involving many programmers all working on the same project. The original contributions in this book will provide researchers and students in programming languages, databases, and programming semantics with the most complete survey of the field available. Broad in scope and deep in its examination of substantive issues, the book focuses on the major topics of object-oriented languages, models of computation, mathematical models, object-oriented databases, and object-oriented environments.The object-oriented languages include Beta, the Scandinavian successor to Simula (a chapter by Bent Kristensen, whose group has had the longest experience with object-oriented programming, reveals how that experience has shaped the group's vision today); CommonObjects, a Lisp-based language with abstraction; Actors, a low-level language for concurrent modularity; and Vulcan, a Prolog-based concurrent object-oriented language.New computational models of inheritance, composite objects, block-structure layered systems, and classification are covered, and theoretical papers on functional object-oriented languages and object-oriented specification are included in the section on mathematical models.The three chapters on object-oriented databases (including David Maier's Development and Implementation of an Object-Oriented Database Management System, which spans the programming and database worlds by integrating procedural and representational capability and the requirements of multi-user persistent storage) and the two chapters on object-oriented environments provide a representative sample of good research in these two important areas.Bruce Shriver is a researcher at IBM's Thomas J. Watson Center. Peter Wegner is a professor in the Department of Computer Science at Brown University. Research Directions in Object-Oriented Programming is included in the Computer Systems series, edited by Herb Schwetman.
The MetaCrawler architecture for resource aggregation on the Web (1997)

The paper discusses the MetaCrawler Softbot parallel Web search service that has been available at the University of Washington since June 1995. It provides users with a single interface for querying popular general-purpose Web search services, such as Lycos and AltaVista, and has some sophisticated features that allow it to obtain results of much higher quality than simply regurgitating the output from each search service.
Multi-Instance Deep Learning: Discover Discriminative Local Anatomies for Bodypart Recognition (2016)

In general image recognition problems, discriminative information often lies in local image patches. For example, most human identity information exists in the image patches containing human faces. The same situation stays in medical images as well. "Bodypart identity" of a transversal slice-which bodypart the slice comes from-is often indicated by local image information, e.g., a cardiac slice and an aorta arch slice are only differentiated by the mediastinum region. In this work, we design a multi-stage deep learning framework for image classification and apply it on bodypart recognition. Specifically, the proposed framework aims at: 1) discover the local regions that are discriminative and non-informative to the image classification problem, and 2) learn a image-level classifier based on these local regions. We achieve these two tasks by the two stages of learning scheme, respectively. In the pre-train stage, a convolutional neural network (CNN) is learned in a multi-instance learning fashion to extract the most discriminative and and non-informative local patches from the training slices. In the boosting stage, the pre-learned CNN is further boosted by these local patches for image classification. The CNN learned by exploiting the discriminative local appearances becomes more accurate than those learned from global image context. The key hallmark of our method is that it automatically discovers the discriminative and non-informative local patches through multi-instance deep learning. Thus, no manual annotation is required. Our method is validated on a synthetic dataset and a large scale CT dataset. It achieves better performances than state-of-the-art approaches, including the standard deep CNN.
Chemical Studies on Myctophina Fish Bioluminescence (1987)

Abstract A new type of masked Watasenia preluciferin was isolated from the liver of myctophina fish and its structure was determined as Watasenia preluciferyl β-d-glucopyranosiduronic acid.
Accurate measurement of three-dimensional knee replacement kinematics using single-plane fluoroscopy (1996)

A simple extension of a previously reported object recognition technique has been used to implement a six-degree-of-freedom position/orientation estimator for the measurement of knee replacement motion from two-dimensional (2-D) fluoroscopic images. Computer modeling studies and controlled mechanical tests were performed to assess the accuracy of the technique. The results indicate that knee rotations can be measured with an accuracy of approximately one degree and that sagittal plane translations can be measured with an accuracy of approximately 0.5 mm. The measurement technique is uniquely well suited for performing dynamic kinematic measurements on individuals with knee replacements, and for performing comparative studies among subjects with different designs of knee replacements.
Targeted deep sequencing revealed variants in cell-free DNA of hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer patients (2019)

Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is described to mirror intratumoral heterogeneity and gives insight about clonal evolution for improved therapeutic decisions. We sequenced cfDNA of a hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC) cohort with a high coverage to examine the prevalence and relevance of any detected variant. cfDNA of 44 MBC patients was isolated, followed by library construction using a customized targeted DNA panel with integrated unique molecular indices analyzing AKT1, AR, BRCA1, BRCA2, EGFR, ERCC4, ERBB2, ERBB3, ESR1, FGFR1, KRAS, MUC16, PIK3CA, PIK3R1, PTEN, PTGFR, and TGFB1. CfDNA was sequenced on the NextSeq<sup>®</sup> 550 platform (Illumina) and variants were analyzed with Ingenuity Variant Analysis (QIAGEN). We evaluated cfDNA variants in 40 of the 44 hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative patients with a high mean coverage of 22,000×, resulting in MUC16, BRCA2, ERBB3, and AR variant calling in > 90% of the patients. 47% of all AR variants were pathogenic and at least one pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant was detected in each patient. A specific BRCA1 variant and > 3.5 pathogenic variants significantly associated with a reduced survival after diagnosis of metastasis. Longitudinal monitoring revealed an increase of pathogenic and likely pathogenic PIK3CA and ESR1 variant allele frequency under everolimus and exemestane, 8 months before proof of therapy failure by visual staging in one exemplary case. The identification of new variants with high prevalence, prognostic value, and dynamics under treatment by deep sequencing of cfDNA might empower sensitive monitoring and personalized therapeutic decisions.
Pattern—color separable pathways predict sensitivity to simple colored patterns (1996)

We have studied how contrast threshold sensitivity depends jointly on pattern and color. We measured sensitivity to colored Gabor patches from 0.5 to 8 c/deg. At each spatial frequency, we measured in many different color directions. We analyze the sensitivity measurements using a series of nested models. We conclude that a model consisting of three pattern-color separable mechanisms predicts detection performance nearly as well as fitting psychometric functions independently. We derive the pattern and color sensitivities of the separable mechanisms from the experimental data. Two derived mechanisms are spatially lowpass and spectrally color-opponent. The third mechanism is spatially bandpass and spectrally broadband.
Photoinduced hole-doping effect in (Y0.5Ca0.5)Ba2Cu3Oδ films (1997)

The persistent photoinduced changes in the critical temperature TC and the normal state conductivity of (Y0.5Ca0.5)Ba2Cu3Oδ thin films are studied. Previously such effects have been observed only in underdoped YBa2Cu3Oδ or YSrxBa2−xCu3Oδ, which always lead to the enhancement of both TC and conductivity. The current system can be doped from the underdoped regime to the overdoped regime by increasing its oxygen content. The photoinduced TC reduction in the overdoped films is observed. The simultaneous enhancement of conductivity is consistent with the interpretation that photoillumination always increases hole concentration in the “123” systems.
Autoimmune skin inflammation is dependent on plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation by nucleic acids via TLR7 and TLR9 (2010)

Recognition of endogenous DNA and RNA by cells expressing TLR7 and TLR9 is an important contributor to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus and has been suggested to contribute to cutaneous lupus and to a group of related inflammatory skin diseases termed interface dermatitis. We have developed a mouse model of TLR7- and TLR9-dependent skin inflammation using tape stripping. In normal mice, this resulted in a rapid but transient inflammatory cell infiltration accompanied by induction of type I IFN production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) and release of extracellular traps and proinflammatory cytokines by neutrophils. These responses were strongly reduced in MyD88-deficient mice and in mice treated with a bifunctional inhibitor of TLR7 and TLR9. In contrast, in lupus-prone (NZBxNZW)F(1) mice, tape stripping induced the development of chronic lesions characterized by a persistent type I IFN gene signature and many clinical and histological features of cutaneous lupus. Depletion of PDCs before injury prevented the development of skin lesions, whereas treatment with a bifunctional TLR7/9 inhibitor before tape stripping or after the initial lesion was established led to a significant reduction of the disease. These data suggest that inhibitors of TLR7 and TLR9 signaling have potential therapeutic application for the treatment of interface dermatitis.
FOXC1 Transcriptional Regulation Is Mediated by N- and C-terminal Activation Domains and Contains a Phosphorylated Transcriptional Inhibitory Domain (2002)

Mutations in the FOXC1 gene result in Axenfeld-Rieger malformations of the anterior segment of the eye and lead to an increased susceptibility of glaucoma. To understand how the FOXC1 protein may function in contributing to these malformations, we identified functional regions in FOXC1 required for nuclear localization and transcriptional regulation. Two regions in the FOXC1 forkhead domain, one rich in basic amino acid residues, and a second, highly conserved among all FOX proteins, were necessary for nuclear localization of the FOXC1 protein. However, only the basic region was sufficient for nuclear localization. Two transcriptional activation domains were identified in the extreme N- and C-terminal regions of FOXC1. A transcription inhibitory domain was located at the central region of the protein. This region was able to reduce the trans-activation potential of the C-terminal activation domain, as well as the GAL4 activation domain. Lastly, we demonstrate that FOXC1 is a phosphoprotein, and a number of residues predicted to be phosphorylated were localized to the FOXC1 inhibitory domain. Removal of residues 215-366 resulted in a transcriptionally hyperactive FOXC1 protein, which displayed a reduced level of phosphorylation. These results indicate that FOXC1 is under complex regulatory control with multiple functional domains modulating FOXC1 transcriptional regulation.
DNA Vaccines (1999)

Chronic infections with hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) virus are worldwide problems often leading to the development of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Genetic immunizations with DNA encoding for structural and nonstructural proteins of HCV and HBV in experimental mice generate a broad base CD4+ and CD8+ cellular immune response which may be required for viral clearance from the host. DNA based immunization is a promising antiviral approach for the development of therapeutic and prophylactic vaccine against HBV and HCV.
The DET curve in assessment of detection task performance (1997)

We introduce the DET Curve as a means of representing performance on detection tasks that involve a tradeoff of error types.We discuss why we prefer it to the traditional ROC Curve and offer several examples of its use in speaker recognition and language recognition.We explain why it is likely to produce approximately linear curves.We also note special points that may be included on these curves, how they are used with multiple targets, and possible further applications.
Relaxation of a One-Dimensional Self-Gravitating Gas (1967)

One-dimensional model describing stellar motion for studying relaxation of self-gravitating gas
Congestion control in signalling free hybrid ATM/CDMA satellite network (2002)

We pursue a performance analysis for computing the various performance criteria in a hybrid time division/asynchronous transfer mode/code division multiple access network, i.e. TDMA/ATM/CDMA network. Users accessing this TDMA/ATM/CDMA uplink frame are assumed to belong to one of 4 service classes, namely video, voice, file and interactive data. Each user accesses only a portion of the subframe slots assigned to its class. A variable frame boundary strategy is used to adjust the subframe boundaries depending on the call load. To alleviate congestion in the assumed hubless signalling free satellite network, the satellite measures the uplink traffic of each class and issues pilot congestion control indicators to on-going calls of each class. These will be subsequently used by ground users to control their activities and police their calls using modified versions of leaky bucket and virtual leaky bucket congestion control techniques. The new techniques alleviate many of difficulties of specific slot assignment, onboard call management, superframe counting and management involved in the state of the art TDMA based systems, and yield a call establishment free yet dynamic and very well controlled access technique.
Experimental Aspects of Colloidal Interactions in Mixed Systems of Liposome and Inorganic Nanoparticle and Their Applications (2012)

In the past few years, growing attention has been devoted to the study of the interactions taking place in mixed systems of phospholipid membranes (for instance in the form of vesicles) and hard nanoparticles (NPs). In this context liposomes (vesicles) may serve as versatile carriers or as a model system for biological membranes. Research on these systems has led to the observation of novel hybrid structures whose morphology strongly depends on the charge, composition and size of the interacting colloidal species as well as on the nature (pH, ionic strength) of their dispersing medium. A central role is played by the phase behaviour of phospholipid bilayers which have a tremendous influence on the liposome properties. Another central aspect is the incorporation of nanoparticles into vesicles, which is intimately linked to the conditions required for transporting a nanoparticle through a membrane. Herein, we review recent progress made on the investigations of the interactions in liposome/nanoparticle systems focusing on the particularly interesting structures that are formed in these hybrid systems as well as their potential applications.
The Hydroxylation of the Double Bond1 (1936)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Hydroxylation of the Double Bond1Nicholas A. Milas and Sidney SussmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1936, 58, 7, 1302–1304Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1936Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1936https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01298a065Request reuse permissionsArticle Views1674Altmetric-Citations150LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (352 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Building a Bilingual Lexicon Using Phrase-based Statistical Machine Translation via a Pivot Language (2008)

This paper proposes a novel method for building a bilingual lexicon through a pivot language by using phrase-based statisti-cal machine translation (SMT). Given two bilingual lexicons between language pairs Lf–Lp and Lp–Le, we assume these lexi-cons as parallel corpora. Then, we merge the extracted two phrase tables into one phrase table between Lf and Le. Fi-nally, we construct a phrase-based SMT system for translating the terms in the lex-icon Lf–Lp into terms of Le and, ob-tain a new lexicon Lf–Le. In our experi-ments with Chinese-English and Japanese-English lexicons, our system could cover 72.8 % of Chinese terms and drastically im-prove the utilization ratio. 1
Notch Signaling in Primary Endothelial Cells (2003)

The Notch family of cell-surface receptors has been proposed to regulate cell-fate decisions by modulating the ability of each cell to respond to environmental cues. In vertebrates, gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies have demonstrated a requirement for Notch signaling for proper patterning of the vasculature during embryogenesis. To examine the molecular mechanisms by which Notch regulates vascular development, we analyzed changes in gene expression in response to Notch signaling. Notch signal transduction and function were assessed in primary human endothelial cells isolated from the dermal microvasculature of neonates, HMVECd. We demonstrate that HMVECd cells express a heterodimeric form of endogenous Notch4 on their cell surface. Using an in vitro coculture assay, we found that Delta4 can function as a ligand for Notch4 in HMVECd cells. Moreover, ectopic expression of an activated allele of Notch4 upregulated the expression of Delta4, suggesting that there may be a regulatory loop between Notch4 and its ligand, Delta4. Notch4 activation also induced the expression of the transcriptional repressors, HES1, HERP1, and HERP2, as well as ephrinB2, an angiogenic factor proposed to be involved in arterial/venous endothelial cell specification.
Intermediates Accumulation and Inhibition Sites of Carpropamid in the Melanin Biosynthesis Pathway of <i>Pyricularia oryzae</i> (1998)

カルプロパミド (ウィン®) は P. oryzae や V. dahliae などの平面培養やいもち病菌の振とう培養での菌の色素沈着を強く抑制した. そしてそれらの野生株の培養物の抽出によって白色の結晶が単離された. 薄層クロマトRf0.36付近のスポットから得られた白色結晶の化学分析値は既に報告されているシタロンのデータとよく一致した. カルプロパミド10μg/mlを処理したそれらの培養物中には多量のシタロンと少量のバーメロンが蓄積したが, 2-ハイドロキシジュグロンは検出されなかった. P. oryzae のアルビノ変異株 (P2-alb) の振とう培養にシタロンを加えると速やかに代謝され, その培養は薄い褐色となった. しかしその培養にあらかじめカルプロパミドを加えるとシタロンはあまり代謝されないで培地中に残った. P. oryzae のアルビノ変異株 (P2-alb) の平面培養の菌叢先端に局所処理したシタロンとバーメロンは黒色色素に変換されたがその着色はカルプロパミドによって阻害された. これらの試験結果はカルプロパミドが菌類メラニン生合成においてシタロン及びバーメロンの脱水反応を阻害することを示唆している.