gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance Improvement in OFDM System by PAPR Reduction (2012)

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is an efficient method of data transmission for high speed communication systems. However, the main drawback of OFDM system is the high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signals. OFDM consist of large number of independent subcarriers, as a result of which the amplitude of such a signal can have high peak values. Coding, phase rotation and clipping are among many PAPR reduction schemes that have been proposed to overcome this problem. Here two different PAPR reduction methods e.g. partial transmit sequence (PTS) and selective mapping (SLM) are used to reduce PAPR. Significant reduction in PAPR has been achieved using these techniques. The performances of the two methods are then compared.
Geometric travel planning (2004)

This paper provides a novel approach for optimal route planning making efficient use of the underlying geometrical structure. It combines classical AI exploration with computational geometry. Given a set of global positioning system (GPS) trajectories, the input is refined by geometric filtering and rounding algorithms. For constructing the graph and the according point localization structure, fast scan-line and divide-and-conquer algorithms are applied. For speeding up the optimal on-line search algorithms, the geometrical structure of the inferred weighted graph is exploited in two ways. The graph is compressed while retaining the original information for unfolding resulting shortest paths. It is then annotated by lower bound refined topographic information; for example by the bounding boxes of all shortest paths that start with a given edge. The on-line planning system GPS-ROUTE implements the above techniques and provides a client-server Web interface to answer series of shortest-path or shortest-time queries.
Electrodeposition of ferrocenoyl peptide disulfides (2005)

Using electrodeposition of cyclic and acyclic Fc-peptide disulfides tightly-packed Fc-peptide monolayers were conveniently formed, which exhibit significant differences in their electron transfer kinetics.
Periodontal Regeneration in Humans Using Recombinant Human Platelet‐ Derived Growth Factor‐BB (rhPDGF‐BB) and Allogenic Bone (2003)

Use of purified rhPDGF-BB mixed with bone allograft results in robust periodontal regeneration in both Class II furcations and interproximal intrabony defects. This is the first report of periodontal regeneration demonstrated histologically in human Class II furcation defects.
Bicarbonate attenuates arterial desaturation during maximal exercise in humans (2002)

The contribution of pH to exercise-induced arterial O2 desaturation was evaluated by intravenous infusion of sodium bicarbonate (Bic, 1 M; 200-350 ml) or an equal volume of saline (Sal; 1 M) at a constant infusion rate during a "2,000-m" maximal ergometer row in five male oarsmen. Blood-gas variables were corrected to the increase in blood temperature from 36.5 +/- 0.3 to 38.9 +/- 0.1 degrees C (P < 0.05; means +/- SE), which was established in a pilot study. During Sal exercise, pH decreased from 7.42 +/- 0.01 at rest to 7.07 +/- 0.02 but only to 7.34 +/- 0.02 (P < 0.05) during the Bic trial. Arterial PO2 was reduced from 103.1 +/- 0.7 to 88.2 +/- 1.3 Torr during exercise with Sal, and this reduction was not significantly affected by Bic. Arterial O2 saturation was 97.5 +/- 0.2% at rest and decreased to 89.0 +/- 0.7% during Sal exercise but only to 94.1 +/- 1% with Bic (P < 0.05). Arterial PCO2 was not significantly changed from resting values in the last minute of Sal exercise, but in the Bic trial it increased from 40.5 +/- 0.5 to 45.9 +/- 2.0 Torr (P < 0.05). Pulmonary ventilation was lowered during exercise with Bic (155 +/- 14 vs. 142 +/- 13 l/min; P < 0.05), but the exercise-induced increase in the difference between the end-tidal O2 pressure and arterial PO2 was similar in the two trials. Also, pulmonary O2 uptake and changes in muscle oxygenation as determined by near-infrared spectrophotometry during exercise were similar. The enlarged blood-buffering capacity after infusion of Bic attenuated acidosis and in turn arterial desaturation during maximal exercise.
An anti-C3b(i) mAb enhances complement activation, C3b(i) deposition, and killing of CD20+ cells by rituximab (2003)

We investigated deposition of the complement protein fragment C3b and its breakdown products (collectively designated as C3b(i)) on CD20-positive cells treated with rituximab (RTX) in the presence of normal human serum (NHS). Radioimmunoassay (RIA) demonstrates that about 500 000 C3b(i) molecules deposit per cell, and fluorescence microscopy reveals that C3b(i) colocalizes with bound RTX. Use of mAb 3E7, specific for C3b(i) bound to substrates, enhances C3b(i) deposition; > 1 million C3b(i) deposit when cells are incubated with NHS, RTX and mAb 3E7. Treatment of Raji cells in NHS plus RTX leads to robust cell killing (95%) after 24 to 48 hours, and mAb 3E7 significantly enhances RTX-mediated killing of Raji and DB cells. A cynomolgus monkey model based on intravenous infusion of RTX followed by mAb 3E7 demonstrated that RTX rapidly binds to B cells and promotes complement activation and C3b(i) deposition; fluorescence microscopy analyses revealed the same pattern of colocalization of C3b(i) on cell-bound RTX in vivo as observed in vitro. Preliminary in vitro studies with blood samples from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia lead to similar findings. These experiments suggest that complement plays a key role in the mechanism of action of RTX; moreover, the in vivo molecular form of RTX (and possibly other antitumor mAbs) in the circulation or in tissues may include C3b(i) molecules covalently bound to the therapeutic mAb, thus allowing it to interact with cells containing both Fc and complement receptors.
Nanoparticulate Assemblies of Amphiphiles and Diagnostically Active Materials for Multimodality Imaging (2009)

Modern medicine has greatly benefited from recent dramatic improvements in imaging techniques. The observation of physiological events through interactions manipulated at the molecular level offers unique insight into the function (and dysfunction) of the living organism. The tremendous advances in the development of nanoparticulate molecular imaging agents over the past decade have made it possible to noninvasively image the specificity, pharmacokinetic profiles, biodistribution, and therapeutic efficacy of many novel compounds. Several types of nanoparticles have demonstrated utility for biomedical purposes, including inorganic nanocrystals, such as iron oxide, gold, and quantum dots. Moreover, natural nanoparticles, such as viruses, lipoproteins, or apoferritin, as well as hybrid nanostructures composed of inorganic and natural nanoparticles, have been applied broadly. However, among the most investigated nanoparticle platforms for biomedical purposes are lipidic aggregates, such as liposomal nanoparticles, micelles, and microemulsions. Their relative ease of preparation and functionalization, as well as the ready synthetic ability to combine multiple amphiphilic moieties, are the most important reasons for their popularity. Lipid-based nanoparticle platforms allow the inclusion of a variety of imaging agents, ranging from fluorescent molecules to chelated metals and nanocrystals. In recent years, we have created a variety of multifunctional lipid-based nanoparticles for molecular imaging; many are capable of being used with more than one imaging technique (that is, with multimodal imaging ability). These nanoparticles differ in size, morphology, and specificity for biological markers. In this Account, we discuss the development and characterization of five different particles: liposomes, micelles, nanocrystal micelles, lipid-coated silica, and nanocrystal high-density lipoprotein (HDL). We also demonstrate their application for multimodal molecular imaging, with the main focus on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), optical techniques, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The functionalization of the nanoparticles and the modulation of their pharmacokinetics are discussed. Their application for molecular imaging of key processes in cancer and cardiovascular disease are shown. Finally, we discuss a recent development in which the endogenous nanoparticle HDL was modified to carry different diagnostically active nanocrystal cores to enable multimodal imaging of macrophages in experimental atherosclerosis. The multimodal characteristics of the different contrast agent platforms have proven to be extremely valuable for validation purposes and for understanding mechanisms of particle-target interaction at different levels, ranging from the entire organism down to cellular organelles.
Frequent Loss of Heterozygosity on Chromosome Arm 18q in Squamous Cell Carcinomas: Identification of 2 Regions of Loss--18q11.1-q12.3 and 18q21.1-q23 (1997)

Loss of heterozygosity on chromosome arm 18q is not an artifact of in vitro culture. The finding of 18q LOH in 50% to 70% tumors makes 18q an important region for study. Regions 18q11.1-q12.3 and 18q21.1-q23 are common regions of loss, indicating that there may be more than one 18q tumor suppressor gene involved in the genesis and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.
Establishment of the metal-to-cysteine connectivities in silver-substituted yeast metallothionein (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEstablishment of the metal-to-cysteine connectivities in silver-substituted yeast metallothioneinSurinder S. Narula, Rajesh K. Mehra, Dennis R. Winge, and Ian M. ArmitageCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 24, 9354–9358Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00024a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00024a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views238Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Microfabricated Capillary Electrophoresis Amino Acid Chirality Analyzer for Extraterrestrial Exploration (1999)

Chiral separations of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled amino acids have been performed on a microfabricated capillary electrophoresis chip to explore the feasibility of using such devices to analyze for extinct or extant life signs in extraterrestrial environments. The test system consists of a folded electrophoresis channel (19.0 cm long x 150 microns wide x 20 microns deep) that was photolithographically fabricated in a 10-cm-diameter glass wafer sandwich, coupled to a laser-excited confocal fluorescence detection apparatus providing subattomole sensitivity. Using a sodium dodecyl sulfate/gamma-cyclodextrin pH 10.0 carbonate electrophoresis buffer and a separation voltage of 550 V/cm at 10 degrees C, baseline resolution was observed for Val, Ala, Glu, and Asp enantiomers and Gly in only 4 min. Enantiomeric ratios were determined for amino acids extracted from the Murchison meteorite, and these values closely matched values determined by HPLC. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using microfabricated lab-on-a-chip systems to analyze extraterrestrial samples for amino acids.
Different regions of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus are involved in chromosomal translocations in distinct pathogenetic forms of Burkitt lymphoma. (1988)

We show that endemic (eBL), sporadic (sBL), and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated (AIDS-BL) forms of Burkitt lymphoma (BL) carrying t(8;14) chromosomal translocations display different breakpoints within the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus (IGH) on chromosome 14. In sBL (7 out of 11) and AIDS-BL (5 out of 6), the breakpoints occurred within or near the IGH mu switch (S-mu) region on chromosome 14 and within the c-myc locus (MYC) on chromosome 8. In most eBL (13 out of 16) the breakpoints were mapped within or 5' to the IGH joining (JH region on chromosome 14 and outside the MYC locus on chromosome 8. Cloning and sequencing of the t(8;14) chromosomal junctions from two eBL cell lines and one eBL biopsy sample show that the recombinations do not involve IGH-specific recombination signals on chromosome 14 or homologous sequences on chromosome 8, suggesting that these events are not likely to be mediated by the same mechanisms or enzymes as in IGH rearrangements. In general, these data have implications for the timing of occurrence of chromosomal translocations during B-cell differentiation in different BL types.
Rate, molecular spectrum, and consequences of human mutation (2010)

Although mutation provides the fuel for phenotypic evolution, it also imposes a substantial burden on fitness through the production of predominantly deleterious alleles, a matter of concern from a human-health perspective. Here, recently established databases on de novo mutations for monogenic disorders are used to estimate the rate and molecular spectrum of spontaneously arising mutations and to derive a number of inferences with respect to eukaryotic genome evolution. Although the human per-generation mutation rate is exceptionally high, on a per-cell division basis, the human germline mutation rate is lower than that recorded for any other species. Comparison with data from other species demonstrates a universal mutational bias toward A/T composition, and leads to the hypothesis that genome-wide nucleotide composition generally evolves to the point at which the power of selection in favor of G/C is approximately balanced by the power of random genetic drift, such that variation in equilibrium genome-wide nucleotide composition is largely defined by variation in mutation biases. Quantification of the hazards associated with introns reveals that mutations at key splice-site residues are a major source of human mortality. Finally, a consideration of the long-term consequences of current human behavior for deleterious-mutation accumulation leads to the conclusion that a substantial reduction in human fitness can be expected over the next few centuries in industrialized societies unless novel means of genetic intervention are developed.
Geometric Calibration of Lens and Filter Distortions for Multispectral Filter-Wheel Cameras (2010)

High-fidelity color image acquisition with a multispectral camera utilizes optical filters to separate the visible electromagnetic spectrum into several passbands. This is often realized with a computer-controlled filter wheel, where each position is equipped with an optical bandpass filter. For each filter wheel position, a grayscale image is acquired and the passbands are finally combined to a multispectral image. However, the different optical properties and non-coplanar alignment of the filters cause image aberrations since the optical path is slightly different for each filter wheel position. As in a normal camera system, the lens causes additional wavelength-dependent image distortions called chromatic aberrations. When transforming the multispectral image with these aberrations into an RGB image, color fringes appear, and the image exhibits a pincushion or barrel distortion. In this paper, we address both the distortions caused by the lens and by the filters. Based on a physical model of the bandpass filters, we show that the aberrations caused by the filters can be modeled by displaced image planes. The lens distortions are modeled by an extended pinhole camera model, which results in a remaining mean calibration error of only 0.07 pixels. Using an absolute calibration target, we then geometrically calibrate each passband and compensate for both lens and filter distortions simultaneously. We show that both types of aberrations can be compensated and present detailed results on the remaining calibration errors.
Electrical Impedance Scanning for Melanoma Diagnosis: A Validation Study (2005)

A validation study proved the value of electrical impedance scanning as a noninvasive technique for detection of melanoma lesions of the trunk and extremities, specifically, of in situ and thin type. In addition, image analysis was shown to be a valuable, complementary procedure. New parameters should be designed to optimize the performance of electrical impedance scanning for melanomas of the head and neck.
Cancer risk after renal transplantation in the nordic countries, 1964–1986 (1995)

The theory that cancer may arise under conditions of reduced immune capacity is supported by observations of humans with immune deficiencies such as occur following organ transplants. However, no study on humans has been done in which the reference population was the same as that in which the cancer cases arose and in which there was a sufficiently long period of follow-up. Information on 5,692 Nordic recipients of renal transplants in 1964-1982 was linked with the national cancer registries (1964-1986) and population registries. Person-years at risk were calculated from the date of first transplantation until death or the end of the study period and were multiplied by the appropriate age- and calender-specific incidence rates to obtain the expected numbers of cancers. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were calculated after stratification by a number of recorded variables. Altogether, 32,392 person-years were accrued, and 471 cancers occurred, yielding overall SIR of 4.6 (95% CI, 4.0 to 5.2) for males and 4.5 (95% CI, 4.0 to 5.2) for females. Significant overall 2- to 5-fold excess risks in both sexes were seen for cancers of the colon, larynx, lung and bladder, and in men also for cancers of the prostate and testis. Notably high risks, 10-fold to 30-fold above expectation, were associated with cancers of the lip, skin (non-melanoma), kidney and endocrine glands, also with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and in women also with cancers of the cervix and vulva-vagina. Among a number of donor and recipient variables studied, including tissue types and compatibility (ABO, HLA, DR), age below 45 years at the time of transplantation was the most important determinant for increased risk at most sites. Kidney transplantation increases the risk of cancer in the short and in the long term, consistent with the theory that an impaired immune system allows carcinogenic factors to act. The tumor risk is small in comparison with the benefits of transplants, but patients should be followed up for signs of cancer.
3D Printed Dielectric Reflectarrays: Low-Cost High-Gain Antennas at Sub-Millimeter Waves (2014)

Dielectric reflectarray antennas are proposed as a promising low-loss and low-cost solution for high gain terahertz (THz) antennas. Variable height dielectric elements are used in the reflectarray designs, which allow for the use of low dielectric-constant materials. Polymer-jetting 3-D printing technology is utilized to fabricate the antenna, which makes it possible to achieve rapid prototyping at a low-cost. Numerical and experimental results are presented for 3 different prototypes operating at 100 GHz, which show a good performance. Moreover the methodology proposed here is readily scalable, and with the current material and fabrication technology, designs up to 1.0 THz can be realized. This study reveals that the proposed design approach is well suited for low-cost high-gain THz antennas.
Cloning of a new member of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gene family from mouse liver. (1993)

Peroxisome proliferators are postulated to elicit predictable pleiotropic responses in the liver by activating a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR). PPARs from mouse liver (mPPAR), rat liver (rPPAR), and Xenopus liver (xPPAR gamma) have been cloned recently. We now report the cloning of a new member from mouse liver which we designate mPPAR gamma. mPPAR gamma cDNA contained an open reading frame encoding a 475-amino acid protein exhibiting 75% amino acid similarity to xPPAR gamma, while it showed only 55% identity with mPPAR. The ligand-binding and DNA-binding domains are best conserved between mPPAR gamma, mPPAR, and xPPAR gamma. Like rPPAR, mPPAR gamma is able to impart peroxisome proliferator responsiveness to the promoter of peroxisomal bifunctional gene, which encodes the second enzyme of the peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation system. Northern blot analysis revealed high expression of mPPAR gamma gene in mouse liver, kidney, and heart and low expression in the lung, testis, brain, skeletal muscle, and spleen. In mice treated with ciprofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator, a 2-fold increase in mPPAR gamma mRNA was observed in the liver and kidney. The presence of two PPARs in the mouse liver suggests the possibility of multiple signaling pathways for the peroxisome proliferator-induced pleiotropic responses.
Quantification of cytochrome P-450 gene expression in human tissues (1990)

Conference Article| August 01 1990 Quantification of cytochrome P-450 gene expression in human tissues COLIN N. A. PALMER; COLIN N. A. PALMER *Department of Biochemistry, The Medical College of St Bartholomew's Hospital, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar ELIZABETH A. SHEPHARD; ELIZABETH A. SHEPHARD †Department of Biochemistry, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar IAN R. PHILLIPS IAN R. PHILLIPS *Department of Biochemistry, The Medical College of St Bartholomew's Hospital, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1990) 18 (4): 615–616. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0180615 Article history Received: November 24 1989 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation COLIN N. A. PALMER, ELIZABETH A. SHEPHARD, IAN R. PHILLIPS; Quantification of cytochrome P-450 gene expression in human tissues. Biochem Soc Trans 1 August 1990; 18 (4): 615–616. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0180615 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1990 Biochemical Society1990 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Probabilistic Risk Assessment of Wastes Buried in the Ground (1983)

The differences between probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) and safety analysis (SA) are discussed, and it is shown that PRA is more suitable than SA for determining the acceptability of a technology. Since a PRA by the fault tree‐event tree analysis method used for reactor safety studies does not seem to be practical for buried waste, an alternative approach is suggested using geochemical analogs. This method is illustrated for the cases of high‐level and low‐level radioactive waste and for chemical carcinogens released in coal burning.