gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generation of charged drops of insulating liquids by electrostatic spraying (1976)

Development of a new method for the generation of microparticles of controlled size and charge is reported. The method, which is particularly suited for insulating liquids, is to generate stable fine jets through electrostatic spraying. Charge in the liquid is produced by placing a sharp electrode inside the liquid and raising it to a high potential. High electric fields then disrupt the liquid to form fine jets which later break up into small drops. A theoretical explanation of these phenomena is presented and compared with experimental results with a qualitatively good agreement. Among the possible applications of this work is generation of cryogenic droplets for refueling fusion reactors and for laser fusion targets.
Virtual reality surgery: implementation of a coronary angioplasty training simulator. (1995)

Present surgical education relies on a combination of observation, peer review, and practice on cadavers, and animals. In contrast, simulation technology, known as virtual reality, offers the ability to practice, hands-on surgical procedures in computer models that exhibit physical and physiological characteristics of living humans.
Off-line economies for digital media (2006)

We propose a novel platform for building off-line markets for digital content. The key objective is to enable an arbitrary user of specific digital content to resell it to other users in an off-line peer-to-peer manner so that part of the proceeds go to content's copyright holder. Most importantly, one part of the revenues is retained by the seller as an incentive for participating in the distributed economy. To address this objective, a transaction is finalized and incentives distributed to the seller on-line using a client-server architecture. Technologically, such systems can be readily created, for example, by adding a communication tool such as Bluetooth to a portable media player such as the iPod. We present a threat model for the proposed system and devise a novel protocol that relies on traditional public-key cryptography to ensure secure and efficient off-line transactions of arbitrary digital content. As a consequence, in our system copyright holders can control the pricing and recruit a powerful marketing and sales force with marginal investment and via various types of incentives, users are offered the ability to sell or purchase content they like anywhere, anytime, and to/from anyone.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Tertiary Ethers through Geometric Control of Highly Substituted Oxocarbenium Ions (2010)

Fully substituted, fully controlled! The geometries of 1,1-disubstituted oxocarbenium ions and the conformations of oxocarbenium ions that contain a tertiary stereocenter can be predicted based on simple models. These models have been applied to highly stereoselective syntheses of tetrahydropyran derivatives that contain tertiary ethers (see scheme; RL, RS, and RN represent large, small, and nucleophilic groups, respectively).
Autofluorescence removal, multiplexing, and automated analysis methods for in-vivo fluorescence imaging (2005)

The ability to image and quantitate fluorescently labeled markers in vivo has generally been limited by autofluorescence of the tissue. Skin, in particular, has a strong autofluorescence signal, particularly when excited in the blue or green wavelengths. Fluorescence labels with emission wavelengths in the near-infrared are more amenable to deep-tissue imaging, because both scattering and autofluorescence are reduced as wavelengths are increased, but even in these spectral regions, autofluorescence can still limit sensitivity. Multispectral imaging (MSI), however, can remove the signal degradation caused by autofluorescence while adding enhanced multiplexing capabilities. While the availability of spectral "libraries" makes multispectral analysis routine for well-characterized samples, new software tools have been developed that greatly simplify the application of MSI to novel specimens.
Convective distribution of macromolecules in the primate brain demonstrated using computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (2003)

Distribution of a macromolecule to clinically significant volumes in the brain is possible using convection. The spatial dimensions of the tissue distribution can be accurately defined in vivo during infusion by using surrogate tracers and conventional imaging techniques, and it is expected that it will be possible to determine local concentrations of surrogate tracers in voxels of tissue in vivo by using CT scanning. Use of imaging surrogate tracers is a practical, safe, and essential tool for establishing treatment volumes during high-flow interstitial microinfusion of the central nervous system.
Is there an optimal whole-body vibration exposure ‘dosage’ for performance improvement? (2014)

International Journal of Exercise Science 7(3) : 169-178, 2014. Whole-body vibration exposure has been shown to improve performance in vertical jumping and knee extensions. Some studies have addressed the question of dose optimality, but are inconclusive and inappropriately designed. Our purpose was to more thoroughly seek an optimum combination of duration, amplitude and frequency of exposure to side-alternating whole-body vibration. We used experimental designs constructed for response surface fitting and optimisation, using both blocked and unblocked second order central composite designs with 12 participants. Immediately after each exposure a discomfort index was recorded, then peak and average torque, peak and average jump height, together with peak and average jump power were recorded over three trials both pre- and post-exposure at each treatment combination. ANOVA revealed that all performance measures improved after vibration exposure. However, no successful response surface fits could be achieved for any of the performance measures, except weakly for average jump height and average jump power for a single subject. Conversely, the discomfort index increased linearly with both vibration amplitude and frequency, more steeply as exposure duration increased. We conclude that although vibration exposure has a significant positive effect on performance, its effect is so variable both between and within individuals that no real optimum can be discerned; and that high amplitudes, frequencies and durations lead to excessive discomfort.
Managing databases with binary large objects (2003)

We present recommendations on Performance Management for databases supporting Binary Large Objects (BLOB) that, under a wide range of conditions, save both storage space and database transactions processing time. The research shows that for database applications where ad hoc retrieval queries prevail, storing the actual values of BLOBs in the database may be the best choice to achieve better performance, whereas storing BLOBs externally is the best approach where multiple Delete/Insert/Update operations on BLOBs dominate. Performance measurements are used to discover System Performance Bottlenecks and their resolution. We propose a strategy of archiving large data collections in order to reduce data management overhead in the Relational Database and maintain acceptable response time.
Lower urinary tract symptoms after hormone replacement therapy in Japanese patients with late‐onset hypogonadism: A preliminary report (2009)

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is performed for the treatment for patients with late onset hypogonadism (LOH). One of the main concerns about HRT is the influence of lower urinary tract including prostate. This study examined whether HRT for Japanese patients of LOH affected lower urinary tract symptoms. A total of 21 patients with LOH were included in this study. Changes of International prostate symptom score (IPSS), IPSS quality of life (QOL) index and King's health questionnaire (KHQ), before HRT and 3 months after HRT, were evaluated. Statistical comparisons were made using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Total IPSS and QOL index were not significantly different from 7.43 +/- 6.56, 2.71 +/- 1.74 at baseline to 8.29 +/- 6.24, 2.91 +/- 1.13 after 3 months. There were no significant differences in any of the nine categories of KHQ. In this preliminary study, the results suggested that HRT for LOH had no short-term effects on patients with lower urinary symptoms.
FTY720, A Novel Immunomodulator: Efficacy and Safety Results from the First Phase 2A Study in de novo Renal Transplantation (2004)

FTY720 at 2.5 mg was found to be as effective as MMF in combination with cyclosporine for the prevention of acute rejection after renal transplantation. FTY720 was well tolerated and not associated with the side effects commonly observed with immunosuppressant therapies.
Field Transmission of 100 G and Beyond: Multiple Baud Rates and Mixed Line Rates Using Nyquist-WDM Technology (2012)

Successful joint experiments with Deutsche Telecom (DT) on long-haul transmission of 100 G and beyond are demonstrated over standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) and inline erbium-doped fiber amplifier-only amplification. The transmission link consists of eight nodes and 950-km installed SSMF in DT's optical infrastructure with the addition of lab SSMF for extended optical reach. The first field transmission of 8 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\,\times\,$</tex></formula> 216.8-Gb/s Nyquist-WDM signals is reported over 1750-km distance with 21.6-dB average loss per span. Each channel modulated by a 54.2-Gbaud PDM-CSRZ-QPSK signal is on 50-GHz grid, achieving a net spectral efficiency (SE) of 4 bit/s/Hz. We also demonstrate mixed data-rate transmission coexisting with 1 T, 400 G, and 100 G channels. The 400 G uses four independent subcarriers modulated by 28-Gbaud PDM-QPSK signals, yielding the net SE of 4 bit/s/Hz while 13 optically generated subcarriers from single optical source are employed in 1 T channel with 25-Gbaud PDM-QPSK modulation. The 100 G signal uses real-time coherent PDM-QPSK transponder with 15% overhead of soft-decision forward-error correction. The digital postfilter and 1-bit maximum likelihood sequence estimation are introduced at the receiver DSP to suppress noise, linear crosstalk, and filtering effects. Our results show the future 400 G and 1 T channels utilizing the Nyquist wavelength division multiplexing technique can transmit long-haul distance with higher SE using the same QPSK format.
Data compression for sequencing data (2013)

: Post-Sanger sequencing methods produce tons of data, and there is a general agreement that the challenge to store and process them must be addressed with data compression. In this review we first answer the question "why compression" in a quantitative manner. Then we also answer the questions "what" and "how", by sketching the fundamental compression ideas, describing the main sequencing data types and formats, and comparing the specialized compression algorithms and tools. Finally, we go back to the question "why compression" and give other, perhaps surprising answers, demonstrating the pervasiveness of data compression techniques in computational biology.
A 64-site multishank CMOS low-profile neural stimulating probe (1996)

Describes a low-profile micromachined CMOS probe for multisite stimulation and recording in the central nervous system. The probe uses flexible silicon interconnects to allow the signal processing portion of the probe to fold at right angles to the penetrating probe shanks, limiting the implanted profile above the cortex to less than 1 mm. The probe is designed to stimulate a 4 mm/sup 3/ volume of neural tissue with a spatial resolution of 400 /spl mu/m using 1000 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ electrode sites. Eight of the 64 sites on the probe can be driven simultaneously over a current range from -127 /spl mu/A to +127 /spl mu/A with 1 /spl mu/A resolution. An on-chip preamplifier allows the neural activity on any selected site to be recorded with an overall gain of 30 and bandwidth from 50 Hz to 9 kHz. The probe operates with a stimulus current linearity of 0.98 up to clock frequencies as high as 5 MHz and dissipates less than 15 /spl mu/A in standby from /spl plusmn/5 V supplies.
Selective recovery of oral Capnocytophaga spp. with sheep blood agar containing bacitracin and polymyxin B (1983)

On the basis of in vitro susceptibility testing of antibiotics, dyes, and other antimicrobial agents, we developed and evaluated a medium, TBBP, for the selective isolation of oral Capnocytophaga spp. TBBP medium consists of 4% Trypticase soy agar (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.), 5% sheep blood, 0.1% yeast extract, 50 micrograms of bacitracin per ml, and 100 micrograms of polymyxin B per ml. A total of 34 Capnocytophaga stock cultures grew well on TBBP medium. Except for some streptococcal strains, TBBP medium inhibited growth of all test stock culture isolates of common oral gram-positive and gram-negative species. In a clinical study of 15 deep periodontal pockets, TBBP medium demonstrated Capnocytophaga recoverability that was similar to or higher than that shown by a nonselective blood agar medium. Typical Capnocytophaga colonial morphology enabled us to readily distinguish this organism from the few other bacteria which could grow on TBBP medium.
Cardiovascular effects of neuropeptide Y: receptor interactions and cellular mechanisms (1993)

Journal Article Cardiovascular effects of neuropeptide Y: receptor interactions and cellular mechanisms Get access Barbara J McDermott, Barbara J McDermott Department of Therapeutics and Pharmacology, The Queen's University of Belfast, The Whitla Medical Building, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT7 9BL. United Kingdom: B J McDermott. B C Millar; Physiologisches Institut I, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Germany: H M Piper. Correspondence to Dr Millar. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B Cherie Millar, B Cherie Millar Department of Therapeutics and Pharmacology, The Queen's University of Belfast, The Whitla Medical Building, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT7 9BL. United Kingdom: B J McDermott. B C Millar; Physiologisches Institut I, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Germany: H M Piper. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H Michael Piper H Michael Piper Department of Therapeutics and Pharmacology, The Queen's University of Belfast, The Whitla Medical Building, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT7 9BL. United Kingdom: B J McDermott. B C Millar; Physiologisches Institut I, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Germany: H M Piper. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 6, June 1993, Pages 893–905, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.6.893 Published: 01 June 1993 Article history Accepted: 08 January 1993 Published: 01 June 1993
Shortened Telomeres in Circulating Leukocytes of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2009)

Given that in vivo telomere length reflects cellular turnover and exposure to oxidative and inflammatory damage, our data support accelerated aging in COPD.
Cell Sorting Experiments Link Persistent Mitochondrial DNA Damage with Loss of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Apoptotic Cell Death (2003)

In order to understand the molecular events following oxidative stress, which lead to persistence of lesions in the mtDNA, experiments were performed on normal human fibroblast (NHF) expressing human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). The formation and repair of H(2)O(2)-induced DNA lesions were examined using quantitative PCR. It was found that NHF hTERTs show extensive mtDNA damage ( approximately 4 lesions/10 kb) after exposure to 200 microm H(2)O(2), which is partially repaired during a recovery period of 6 h. At the same time, the nDNA seemed to be completely resistant to damage. Cell sorting experiments revealed persistent mtDNA damage at 24 h only in the fraction of cells with low mitochondrial membrane potential (Delta Psi m). Further analysis also showed increased production of H(2)O(2) by these cells, which subsequently undergo apoptosis. This work supports a hypothesis for a feed-forward cascade of reactive oxygen species generation and mtDNA damage and also suggested a possible mechanism for persistence of lesions in the mtDNA involving a drop in Delta Psi m, compromised protein import, secondary reactive oxygen species generation, and loss of repair capacity.
Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire-8 (CLDEQ-8) and Opinion of Contact Lens Performance (2012)

The CLDEQ-8 score significantly reflected baseline status and change in overall opinion after refitting with two types of silicone hydrogels. The CLDEQ-8 score is a valid outcome measure in SCL clinical trials to reflect opinion of SCLs.
High avidity melanoma-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes are efficiently induced from peripheral blood lymphocytes on stimulation by peptide-pulsed melanoma cells. (2000)

To design an efficient procedure to expand high avidity melanoma reactive T cells and to perform immunotherapies, we compared conditions of peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) stimulation by Melan-A/MART-1 peptides. Avidity of induced CTLs was evaluated by measuring their lysis and cytokine secretion to peptide-pulsed transporter-associated protein-deficient cells and to melanoma cells. In side-by-side experiments, we show that melanoma cells, either allogeneic or autologous, induced the growth of high avidity Melan-A-reactive CTLs from all donors, whereas essentially low avidity T cells were induced by peptide-pulsed PBLs. We also show that at least two cytokines, interleukin-6 and interleukin-2, were required to promote the growth of high avidity CTLs. Once sorted by tetramer labeling or cloning, the specificity and reactivity to tumor cells of peptide-specific T cells induced by allogeneic melanoma cells were confirmed. We then describe a relatively simple and efficient procedure that allowed us to obtain systematically high amounts (in the range of billion) of high avidity Melan-A/ MART-1-specific T cells from the PBLs of HLA-A2 melanoma patients and healthy donors in 3 months. Because this antigen is expressed by most melanoma tumors, this procedure should be useful for checking the efficiency of adoptive immunotherapy of melanoma tumors and using functionally well-defined Melan-A/MART-1-specific CTLs in a large group of patients.
Liveness Verification in Audio-Video Speaker Authentication (2004)

In this paper we propose liveness verification for audio-video speaker authentication systems to guard against possible replay attacks that employ pre-recorded audio and/or still face samples from a photo. The technique uses a fusion of acoustic features and visual features, automatically extracted from the lip region, to differentiate synchronous audio-video presentations from asynchronous replay attacks. Experiments with the multi-modal VidTIMIT database achieve liveness verification equal-error rates of less than 1 % using lip-voice feature vectors comprising mel-cepstral coefficients, eigenlips and lip region measurements. 1.
Severe B Cell Deficiency in Mice Lacking the Tec Kinase Family Members Tec and Btk (2000)

The cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase Tec has been proposed to have important functions in hematopoiesis and lymphocyte signal transduction. Here we show that Tec-deficient mice developed normally and had no major phenotypic alterations of the immune system. To reveal potential compensatory roles of other Tec kinases such as Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk), Tec/Btk double-deficient mice were generated. These mice exhibited a block at the B220(+)CD43(+) stage of B cell development and displayed a severe reduction of peripheral B cell numbers, particularly immunoglobulin (Ig)M(lo)IgD(hi) B cells. Although Tec/Btk(null) mice were able to form germinal centers, the response to T cell-dependent antigens was impaired. Thus, Tec and Btk together have an important role both during B cell development and in the generation and/or function of the peripheral B cell pool. The ability of Tec to compensate for Btk may also explain phenotypic differences in X-linked immunodeficiency (xid) mice compared with human X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) patients.
The Potential of DNA Vaccination against Tumor-Associated Antigens for Antitumor Therapy (2002)

Conventional treatment approaches for malignant tumors are highly invasive and sometimes have only a palliative effect. Therefore, there is an increasing demand to develop novel, more efficient treatment options. Increased efforts have been made to apply immunomodulatory strategies in antitumor treatment. In recent years, immunizations with naked plasmid DNA encoding tumor-associated antigens have revealed a number of advantages. By DNA vaccination, antigen-specific cellular as well as humoral immune responses can be generated. The induction of specific immune responses directed against antigens expressed in tumor cells and displayed e.g., by MHC class I complexes can inhibit tumor growth and lead to tumor rejection. The improvement of vaccine efficacy has become a critical goal in the development of DNA vaccination as antitumor therapy. The use of different DNA delivery techniques and coadministration of adjuvants including cytokine genes may influence the pattern of specific immune responses induced. This brief review describes recent developments to optimize DNA vaccination against tumor-associated antigens. The prerequisite for a successful antitumor vaccination is breaking tolerance to tumor-associated antigens, which represent "self-antigens." Currently, immunization with xenogeneic DNA to induce immune responses against self-molecules is under intensive investigation. Tumor cells can develop immune escape mechanisms by generation of antigen loss variants, therefore, it may be necessary that DNA vaccines contain more than one tumor antigen. Polyimmunization with a mixture of tumor-associated antigen genes may have a synergistic effect in tumor treatment. The identification of tumor antigens that may serve as targets for DNA immunization has proceeded rapidly. Preclinical studies in animal models are promising that DNA immunization is a potent strategy for mediating antitumor effects in vivo. Thus, DNA vaccines may offer a novel treatment for tumor patients. DNA vaccines may also be useful in the prevention of tumors with genetic predisposition. By DNA vaccination preventing infections, the development of viral-induced tumors may be avoided.
HtrA1 loss is related to aggressive behavior parameters in sentinel node positive breast cancer. (2015)

Low HtrA1 expression is significantly related to breast cancer poor prognosis parameters, and HtrA1 loss in sentinel nodes is related to metastasis of non sentinel nodes, offering a further marker useful for BC prognostic stratification.
Design, synthesis and characterisation of a novel anticancer prodrug having antiproliferative activity against prostrate tumour (2005)

A curcumin glycine conjugate viz. 1,7-bis (4-O-glycinoyl-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene- 3, 5 dione I previously shown by this lab to be having antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activity is synthesized and after attachment of a linker (-CH 2 -CH 2 -OH) 2 is phosphitylated. The phosphitylated unit 3 was covalently linked to 5'-GT TAG GGT TAG-3' 4, a complementary sequence of 5'-CU AAC CCU AAC-3', which is the repeat sequence of telomerase RNA template. The comparative melting temperatures (Tm) of modified and normal duplexes have indicated more thermal stability of duplex with bioconjugate. The biodegradable nature of the covalent bond of the prodrug has now been proved by carrying out enzymatic digestion studies. The prostrate tumour derived DU145 cells are transfected with 5'-O-curcumin DNA and study ofantiproliferative activity indicated 80% reduction in cell proliferation by the end of 75 days.