gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectral Analysis of Degenerative Cartilage: An Infrared Fiber Optic Probe and Imaging Study (2004)

A preliminary investigation into the diagnostic potential of an infrared fiber optic probe (IFOP) for evaluating degenerative human articular cartilage is described. Twelve arthritic human tibial plateaus obtained during arthroplasty were analyzed using the IFOP. Infrared spectra were obtained from IFOP contact with articular surface sites visually graded normal or degraded (Collins Scale grade 1 and grade 3, respectively). Comparisons of infrared spectral parameters (peak heights and areas) were made to elucidate spectral indicators of surface degeneration. IFOP spectral analysis revealed subtle but consistent changes between grades 1 and 3 sites. Infrared absorbance bands arising from type II collagen were observed to change with degradation. More degraded tissues exhibited increased amide II (1590-1480 cm(-1))/1338 cm(-1) area ratio (p=0.034) and decreased 1238/1227 cm(-1) peak ratio (p = 0.017); similar changes were seen with Fourier transform infrared imaging spectroscopy (FT-IRIS) analysis. Grades 1 and 3 cartilage showed consistent spectral differences in the amide II, III, and 1338 cm(-1) regions that are likely related to type II collagen degradation that accompanies cartilage degeneration. These results suggest that it may be possible to monitor subtle changes related to early cartilage degeneration, allowing for IFOP use during arthroscopy for in situ determination of cartilage integrity.
Hepatic and renal metabolism of copper and zinc in the diabetic rat (1983)

The influences of acute and chronic insulin-dependent diabetes on copper and zinc status of liver, kidney, and intestine were investigated in rats at 0-4 wk after streptozotocin (STZ) treatment. The concentration and the tissue contents of copper in liver and kidney were significantly elevated by 1 wk after STZ injection and increased thereafter, attaining levels two- and fivefold higher, respectively, than controls by 4 wk. Increased concentrations of zinc were also present in liver and kidney at 7 and 2 days after treatment, respectively, but zinc accumulated to a lesser degree than copper. In contrast, the concentration of copper and zinc in duodenum from control and all STZ-diabetic groups were similar. Increased and decreased quantities of copper and zinc were bound to metallothionein (MT) in liver and kidney, respectively, within 2 days after STZ injection. Thereafter, the quantities of both metals associated with MT increased with time in both tissues. Additional changes in zinc distribution in hepatic cytosol occurred prior to significant increases in the concentration of this metal in the tissue. The potential significance of altered trace metal metabolism during short-term changes in endocrine status and adverse effects of heavy metal accumulation during chronic hormonal imbalance are discussed.
Continuous Dielectrophoretic Size-Based Particle Sorting (2006)

Continuous-flow dielectrophoretic (DEP) particle separation based on size is demonstrated in a microfluidic device. Polystyrene microspheres suspended in a neutrally buoyant aqueous solution are used as model particles to study DEP induced by an array of slanted, planar, interdigitated electrodes inside of a soft-lithography microchannel. The E-field gradients from the slanted electrodes impart a net transverse force component on the particles that causes them to "ratchet" across the channel. Over the length of the device, larger particles are deflected more than smaller particles according to the balance of hydrodynamic drag and DEP forces. Consequently, a flow-focused particle suspension containing different-sized particles is fractionated as the beads flow and separate down the length of the device. The flow behavior of spherical particles is modeled, and the total transverse particle displacement in the microfluidic device predicts fourth-order size and voltage and second-order inverse flow rate dependences. The model is verified experimentally for a range of flow rates, particle sizes, and E-field strengths.
Lectinlike adhesins in the Bacteroides fragilis group (1986)

Lectinlike adhesins were identified in the Bacteroides fragilis group by using sugars immobilized on agarose beads either with whole bacteria by direct microscopic examination or with soluble extracts by immunoaffinoelectrophoresis. These two methods allowed the identification of two sugars reacting with whole bacteria and with the corresponding extracts: alpha-D-glucosamine and D-galactosamine. Among eight strains tested representing seven species, the two strains of B. fragilis were equally adhesive and showed the greatest adhesions. The lectinlike adhesin was purified by affinity chromatography on glucosamine-agarose or galactosamine-agarose and showed one band at 70,000 daltons in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This lectinlike adhesin may help to elucidate the roles of the B. fragilis group in the colonization of intestinal surfaces and in the predominance of B. fragilis in infections alone and in synergy with other bacteria.
Implications of immune-to-brain communication for sickness and pain (1999)

This review presents a view of hyperalgesia and allodynia not typical of the field as a whole. That is, exaggerated pain is presented as one of many natural consequences of peripheral infection and injury. The constellation of changes that results from such immune challenges is called the sickness response. This sickness response results from immune-to-brain communication initiated by proinflammatory cytokines released by activated immune cells. In response to signals it receives from the immune system, the brain orchestrates the broad array of physiological, behavioral, and hormonal changes that comprise the sickness response. The neurocircuitry and neurochemistry of sickness-induced hyperalgesia are described. One focus of this discussion is on the evidence that spinal cord microglia and astrocytes are key mediators of sickness-induced hyperalgesia. Last, evidence is presented that hyperalgesia and allodynia also result from direct immune activation, rather than neural activation, of these same spinal cord glia. Such glial activation is induced by viruses such as HIV-1 that are known to invade the central nervous system. Implications of exaggerated pain states created by peripheral and central immune activation are discussed.
v-Fps-responsiveness in the Egr-1 promoter is mediated by serum response elements (1992)

Egr-1, a mitogen-responsive transcription factor, is rapidly induced by v-Fps in the absence of protein synthesis. Thus, Egr-1 is a primary response to the protein-tyrosine kinase activity of v-Fps. To determine the v-Fps-responsive elements in the Egr-1 promoter, deletion mutants of the Egr-1 promoter were used in transient expression assays. A v-Fps expression vector was contransfected into NIH 3T3 cells with chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene expression vectors under the control of the Egr-1 promoter or the Egr-1 promoter containing various deletions. Responsiveness to v-Fps was restricted to a region that contained repeated CC(A/T)6GG sequences, known as CArG boxes. CArG boxes form the core of serum response element (SREs). v-Fps-induced Egr-1 promoter activation was lost by sequential removal of four tandemly repeated SREs. This region, containing four SREs, was found to be sufficient for maximal Egr-1 induction by v-Fps when placed upstream from a heterologous promoter. Individual SREs from this region were able to respond to v-Fps, however, the activation of the individual SREs was lower than that observed for the clustered SREs. These data suggest that v-Fps-responsiveness in the Egr-1 promoter is mediated by SREs.
Achieving Growth and Excellence in Medicine (2009)

November 11, 2009 will mark over 90 years of commemorating Armistice Day, the end of World War I. Although conflict in the Middle East reminds us that WWI failed to end all wars, it did serve as both substrate and catalyst for the development of modern plastic and reconstructive surgery. This article will outline those ingredients most directly responsible for the growth of the specialty, tracing its development in response to armed conflict, and implications for continued excellence both in reconstructive surgery and other fields in the future.
The Interfascicular Nerve-Grafting of the Median and Ulnar Nerves (1972)

A technique of nerve-grafting based on experimental studies is described. Complete absence of tension at the suture site is regarded as the most important factor for a successful nerve repair. Nerve regeneration after grafting without tension is much better than after direct end-to-end suture under moderate tension even though the regenerating axons must cross two suture lines when grafts are used. The technique involves use of a dissecting microscope to perform an intraneural dissection of both nerve stumps to isolate the major fasciculi individually and the minor ones in groups. The scarred ends of the fasciculi are then resected, the mobilized fasciculi in each nerve stump are matched, and grafts, usually from the sural nerve, are inserted loosely with no tension to bridge the gaps between the matched fasciculi or groups of fasciculi—five or six grafts in the median nerve and usually four in the ulnar nerve. Only one very fine suture is used to fix each end of a graft and the coaption between the ends of the graft and the corresponding fasciculi is carefully adjusted using the dissecting microscope. The results using this technique in thirty-three median and thirty-two ulnar nerve lesions of different types are presented in detail.
Synthesis of enantiomerically pure 2,2'-dihydroxy-1,1'-binaphthyl, 2,2'-diamino-1,1'-binaphthyl, and 2-amino-2'-hydroxy-1,1'-binaphthyl. Comparison of processes operating as diastereoselective crystallization and as second order asymmetric transformation (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of enantiomerically pure 2,2'-dihydroxy-1,1'-binaphthyl, 2,2'-diamino-1,1'-binaphthyl, and 2-amino-2'-hydroxy-1,1'-binaphthyl. Comparison of processes operating as diastereoselective crystallization and as second order asymmetric transformationMartin Smrcina, Mirolsav Lorenc, Vladimir Hanus, Petr Sedmera, and Pavel KocovskyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 6, 1917–1920Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00032a055https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00032a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4185Altmetric-Citations229LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Radioimmunotherapy of human B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia in nude mice. (1994)

After i.v. or i.p. inoculation of 5 x 10(6) D10-1 cells, a subclone of an Epstein-Barr virus transformed human B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) line, 100% of nude mice developed solid or ascites tumors and died within 17-60 days of tumor inoculation. There was significant tumor inhibition, including tumor cure, when these tumor-inoculated mice were treated with either unmodified or 131I (300 microCi)-linked Dal B02 (50 micrograms/mouse), a monoclonal antibody directed against surface-associated antigens on human CLL B-cells and several histological types of B-lymphoma cells. There was no significant difference between the antitumor activity of unmodified Dal B02 and 131I-linked Dal B02 when the treatment was given 3 days after i.p. or i.v. inoculation of 5 x 10(6) D10-1 cells. However, when the mice were treated 3 days after i.p. inoculation of 15 x 10(6) D10-1 cells, or 7 days after the i.v. inoculation of 5 x 10(6) D10-1 cells, 131I-linked Dal B02 was a more potent tumor inhibitor than was unmodified Dal B02 (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Two injections of 131I (500 microCi) linked to 100 micrograms of a Dal B02 F(ab')2 fragment preparation also prolonged the survival of i.p. or i.v. tumor-inoculated mice (P < 0.05 and P = 0.05, respectively). In nude mice with established s.c. xenografts of D10-1 cells, two injections of 131I (300 microCi) linked to 50 micrograms of Dal B02 led to complete tumor cure in 3 of 4, mice, but two injections of 50 micrograms of unmodified Dal B02 had no effect on the s.c. xenografts. Two injections of 131I (500 microCI) linked to 100 micrograms of Dal B02 F(ab')2 fragment caused significant tumor inhibition but no tumor cure. 131I (300 microCi) linked to 50 micrograms of a nonspecific IgG1 only led to minor tumor inhibition. A mixture of unmodified Dal B02 and 131I-linked nonspecific IgG1 was not a more potent tumor inhibitor than the 131I-linked nonspecific IgG1 preparation by itself. These results suggest that Dal B02 may be an effective carrier for the radioimmunotherapy of human B-cell CLL and other appropriate B-cell lymphomas, especially in the progressive phase of B-cell CLL, which is usually not amenable to currently available therapeutic modalities.
Experimental study of Qiyeling Decoction inducing apoptosis of transplanted human lung adenocarcinoma cells A549 in nude mice (2004)

Qiyeling Decoction can induce A549 cell apoptosis in nude mice.
Polyphenol interactions. Anthocyanins: Co‐pigmentation and colour changes in red wines (1992)

Abstract Anthocyanin co‐pigmentation is reviewed and its relevance to the colour and appearance of young red wines is outlined. Reactions between flavan‐3‐ols, such as are present in red wines, and the anthocyanin malvin to give yellow‐orange pigments (λ ˜ 440 nm) are reported. Possible structures for these new pigments are discussed as is their probable contribution to the changing hues of red wines as they age.
The Cyclin-Ubiquitin Ligase Activity of Cyclosome/APC Is Jointly Activated by Protein Kinases Cdk1-Cyclin B and Plk (2002)

The cyclosome/anaphase-promoting complex is a multisubunit ubiquitin ligase that targets for degradation mitotic cyclins and some other cell cycle regulators in exit from mitosis. It becomes enzymatically active at the end of mitosis. The activation of the cyclosome is initiated by its phosphorylation, a process necessary for its conversion to an active form by the ancillary protein Cdc20/Fizzy. Previous reports have implicated either cyclin-dependent kinase 1-cyclin B or polo-like kinase as the major protein kinase that directly phosphorylates and activates the cyclosome. These conflicting results could be due to the use of partially purified cyclosome preparations or of immunoprecipitated cyclosome, whose interactions with protein kinases or ancillary factors may be hampered by binding to immobilized antibody. To examine this problem, we have purified cyclosome from HeLa cells by a combination of affinity chromatography and ion exchange procedures. With the use of purified preparations, we found that both cyclin-dependent kinase 1-cyclin B and polo-like kinase directly phosphorylated the cyclosome, but the pattern of the phosphorylation of the different cyclosome subunits by the two protein kinases was not similar. Each protein kinase could restore only partially the cyclin-ubiquitin ligase activity of dephosphorylated cyclosome. However, following phosphorylation by both protein kinases, an additive and nearly complete restoration of cyclin-ubiquitin ligase activity was observed. It is suggested that this joint activation may be due to the complementary phosphorylation of different cyclosome subunits by the two protein kinases.
IL-2Rγ Gene Microdeletion Demonstrates That Canine X-Linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Is a Homologue of the Human Disease (1994)

X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is characterized by profound defects in cellular and humoral immunity and, in humans, is associated with mutations in the gene for the gamma chain of the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R gamma). We have examined this gene in a colony of dogs established from a single X-linked SCID carrier female. Affected dogs have a 4-bp deletion in the first exon of the IL-2R gamma gene, which precludes the production of a functional protein, demonstrating that the canine disease is a true homologue of human X-linked SCID.
Protein Phosphatase 2A Inhibits Nuclear Telomerase Activity in Human Breast Cancer Cells (1997)

Most cancer cells have increased levels of telomerase activity implicated in cell immortalization. Activation of telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein complex, catalyzes the elongation of the ends of mammalian chromosomal DNA (telomeres), the length of which regulates cell proliferation. Currently, how telomerase is regulated in cancer is not yet established. The present study shows that telomerase activity is regulated by protein phosphorylation in human breast cancer cells. Incubation of cell nuclear telomerase extracts with protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) abolished the telomerase activity; in contrast cytoplasmic telomerase activity was unaffected, and protein phosphatases 1 and 2B were ineffective. Inhibition of telomerase activity by PP2A was both concentration- and time-dependent and was prevented by the protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid. In addition, nuclear telomerase inhibited by PP2A was reactivated by endogenous protein kinase(s) in the presence of ATP, but not in the presence of ATPgammaS. Furthermore, telomerase activity in cultured human breast cancer PMC42 cells was stimulated by okadaic acid, consistent with a role for PP2A in the regulation of telomerase activity in intact cells. These findings suggest that protein phosphorylation reversibly regulates the function of telomerase and that PP2A is a telomerase inhibitory factor in the nucleus of human breast cancer cells.
Protection fromPlasmodium berghei infection by priming and boosting T cells to a single class I-restricted epitope with recombinant carriers suitable for human use (1998)

The desirability of inducing cytotoxic T cell responses to defined epitopes in humans has led to the development of a variety of recombinant delivery systems. Recombinant protein particles derived from a yeast retrotransposon (Ty) and the modified Ankara vaccinia (MVA) virus can deliver large epitope strings or even whole proteins. Both have previously been administered safely in humans. Immunization with recombinant Ty and MVA containing a single Plasmodium berghei class I-binding epitope provided 95% sterile protection against malaria in mice. The sequence of immunization, Ty followed by MVA, was critical to elicit high levels of IFN-gamma-producing cells and protection. The reciprocal sequence (MVA/TY) or homologous boosting was not protective. Both constructs (Ty and MVA) contain the H-2Kd-restricted pb9 CTL epitope from the circumsporozoite protein of P. berghei among a string of 8-15 human P. falciparum-derived CTL epitopes restricted through 7 common HLA alleles as well as widely recognized CD4 T cell epitopes. Thus, the novel recombinant Ty/MVA prime/boost combination with these constructs provides a safe alternative for evaluation for human vaccination against P. falciparum malaria.
Multimedia data-embedding and watermarking technologies (1998)

We review developments in transparent data embedding and watermarking for audio, image, and video. Data-embedding and watermarking algorithms embed text, binary streams, audio, image, or video in a host audio, image, or video signal. The embedded data are perceptually inaudible or invisible to maintain the quality of the source data. The embedded data can add features to the host multimedia signal, e.g., multilingual soundtracks in a movie, or provide copyright protection. We discuss the reliability of data-embedding procedures and their ability to deliver new services such as viewing a movie in a given rated version from a single multicast stream. We also discuss the issues and problems associated with copy and copyright protection and assess the viability of current watermarking algorithms as a means for protecting copyrighted data.
Asset Pricing Models in Indian Capital Markets (2011)

Asset pricing theory is a framework designed to identify and measure risk, as well as to assign rewards for bearing risk. There is a general contention that the simple Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) does not adequately describe stock return behavior; other macro-economic factors may also play an important role. In particular, emerging capital markets like India provide a challenge to asset pricing theory; markets that have undertaken substantial liberalization of their financial sectors to allow for the free flow of foreign portfolio investments tend to be more sensitive to the macro-economic factors. The present study was based on a sample of fifty stocks listed in the S&P 500 index of the National Stock Exchange, belonging to eight of the most flourishing industries in the Indian economy. The objectives of the study were to compare and assess the CAPM and the Arbitrage Pricing Model (APM), as applied to Indian capital markets, and to find out how macroeconomic variables affect the returns of different securities.
EEG spectral entropy, heart rate, photoplethysmography and motor responses to skin incision during sevoflurane anaesthesia (2005)

Combination of information from different sources may be required for monitoring the adequacy of analgesia during anaesthesia.
Kinase Insert Domain Receptor (KDR) Extracellular Immunoglobulin-like Domains 4–7 Contain Structural Features That Block Receptor Dimerization and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-induced Signaling (2001)

The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor tyrosine kinase subtype kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) contains seven extracellular Ig-like domains, of which the three most amino-terminal contain the necessary structural features required for VEGF binding. To clarify the functional role of KDR Ig-like domains 4-7, we compared VEGF-induced signaling in human embryonic kidney and porcine aortic endothelial cells expressing native versus mutant receptor proteins in which Ig-like domains 4-7, 4-6, or 7 had been deleted. Western blotting using an anti-receptor antibody indicated equivalent expression levels for each of the recombinant proteins. As expected, VEGF treatment robustly augmented native receptor autophosphorylation. In contrast, receptor autophosphorylation, as well as downstream signaling events, were VEGF-independent for cells expressing mutant receptors. (125)I-VEGF(165) bound with equal or better affinity to mutant versus native receptor, although the number of radioligand binding sites was significantly reduced because a significant percentage of mutant, but not native, receptors were localized to the cell interior. As was the case for native KDR, (125)I-VEGF(165) binding to the mutant receptors was dependent upon cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans, and (125)I-VEGF(121) bound with an affinity equal to that of (125)I-VEGF(165) to the native and mutant receptors. It is concluded that KDR Ig-like domains 4-7 contain structural features that inhibit receptor signaling by a mechanism that is independent of neuropilin-1 and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. We speculate that this provides a cellular mechanism for blocking unwanted signaling events in the absence of VEGF.