gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gluten Binds Cytotoxic Compounds Generated in Heated Frying Oil (2008)

Male Wistar rats, age 10 weeks, were fed for 11 weeks a commercial powdered diet (no fat) containing 7 wt% fresh frying oil and 0.1 wt% gluten heated in oil at 180 degrees C for 10 h followed by filtration. The animals appeared to grow normally and had the same serum levels of glucose, triacylglycerol, phospholipids, and cholesterol as those of a control group fed a diet containing 7 wt% fresh oil. However, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were significantly higher in the test group, and many dark-red patches due to bleeding were observed on the livers of this group. In contrast, rats fed for 11 weeks a diet containing 7 wt% of oil obtained by filtration after the heating described above did not show any damage to the liver or kidneys and showed no gross symptoms. Rats fed a diet containing 7 wt% fresh frying oil and 0.1 wt% gluten heated in a tube at 180 degrees C for 10 h did not show any differences from the control group. Analyses of low-molecular-weight compounds in the filtered oil revealed that gluten obviously reduced the level of all the low-molecular-weight compounds (except ethanol) of the oil heated at 180 degrees C for 10 h. Thus, it was suggested that gluten reacted with/adsorbed thermally oxidized oil/decomposition products and kept the cytotoxic low-molecular-weight compounds in the chemical structure even after filtration.
Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems 3e Osece (1998)

From the Publisher:
Lathi's trademark user-friendly and highly readable text presents a complete and modern treatment of communication systems. It begins by introducing students to the basics of communication systems without using probabilistic theory. Only after a solid knowledge basean understanding of how communication systems workhas been built are concepts requiring probability theory covered. This third edition has been thoroughly updated and revised to include expanded coverage of digital communications. New topics discussed include spread-spectrum systems, cellular communication systems, global positioning systems (GPS), and an entire chapter on emerging digital technologies (such as SONET, ISDN, BISDN, ATM, and video compression).
Ideal for the first communication systems course for electrical engineers, Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems offers students a superb pedagogical style; it consistently does an excellent job of explaining difficult concepts clearly, using prose as well as mathematics. The author makes every effort to give intuitive insightsrather than just proofsas well as heuristic explanations of theoretical results wherever possible. Featuring lucid explanations, well-chosen examples clarifying abstract mathematical results, and excellent illustrations, this unique text is highly informative and easily accessible to students.

Superb pedagogical style  The book consistently does an excellent job of explaining difficult concepts clearly, using prose as well as mathematics.
Every effort is made to give an intuitive insight - rather than just proofs - as well as heuristic explanations of theoretical results,wherever possible.
The clear explanations, the well-chosen examples to clarify the abstract mathematical results, and the excellent illustrations make this book highly informative and easily accessible to an average student.
Coupled geomechanics–flow modelling at and below a critical stress state used to investigate common statistical properties of field production data (2007)

Abstract An areal model of a fractured/faulted reservoir with 49 wells is developed that incorporates fully-coupled geo-mechanics and fluid flow. It is a generic example of a pattern waterflood although it is inspired by a parallel study of the Gullfaks reservoir in the North Sea, in which stress-related, fault-related and long-range correlations in rate fluctuations are observed. Based on this model, three scenarios are examined in terms of different initial stress states prior to production, each of which involves 36 months of production and injection in the presence of fracture sets and faults. The results support the concept that the long-range, stress-related and fault-related characteristics of correlations in rate fluctuations, observed not only in the Gullfaks data, but also in several other fields worldwide, are symptomatic of a system near a geomechanical critical point. These characteristics are not observed in models that are sub-critical. Short-range rate correlations are likely to exist where there are highly permeable zones between producers and injectors. Long-range rate correlations occur only within critically-stressed regions where there is active shearing or fault reactivation. The modelling results are consistent with field evidence suggesting that incipient shearing is an important mechanism coupled with reservoir flow behaviour.
Preparation of Neutral Wetting Brushes for Block Copolymer Films from Homopolymer Blends (2008)

Neutral brush layers are prepared from a ternary blend of two low-molecular-weight homopolymers and their corresponding low-molecular-weight block copolymer. The presence of block copolymer effectively emulsifies the homopolymer mixtures on substrates and mediates their grafting ratios.
Cell Respiration is Controlled by ATP, an Allosteric Inhibitor of Cytochrome‐c Oxidase (1997)

The activity of cytochrome-c oxidase, the terminal enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, is known to be regulated by the substrate pressure, i.e. the ferro-/ferricytochrome c ratio, by the oxygen concentration, and by the electrochemical proton gradient delta muH+ across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Here we describe a further mechanism of 'respiratory control' via allosteric inhibition of cytochrome-c oxidase by ATP, which binds to the matrix domain, of subunit IV. The cooperativity between cytochrome-c-binding sites in the dimeric enzyme complex is mediated by cardiolipin, which is essential for cooperativity of the enzyme within the lipid membrane.
Color display using micromechanically coupled mirrors (2010)

We present interferometric modulators, reproducing green, blue, and red colors using selective actuation of mechanically coupled mirror arrays having an identical air gap for simple fabrication process. The present interferometric modulators reproduce green, blue, and red colors at switching modes of (000), (010), and (101), where the spectrum peaks for the colors are measured at wavelengths of 511±5, 478±3, and 644±9 nm with maximum intensities of 77±5%, 73±2%, and 81±5%, respectively. Therefore, we experimentally demonstrated the color reproduction capability of the present interferometric modulators for display applications.
Prototype of a Fully Automated Device for Determination of Bacterial Antibiotic Susceptibility in the Clinical Laboratory (1971)

A completely automated system for the performance of antibiotic susceptibility tests in the clinical laboratory is described. With a modicum of personnel involvement, data on 40 specimens tested against 13 antibiotics are obtained every hour after an initial 3-hr period. The step by step explanation of the functioning of this prototype system, based on a thoroughly tested manual model, is presented. The system compares well with the standard diffusion test and has a potential for application to other endeavors of the clinical microbiology laboratory with a comparable saving in time and labor.
Sequence and structure relationships within von Willebrand factor (2012)

In the present study, we re-annotated von Willebrand factor (VWF), assigned its entire sequence to specific modules, and related these modules to structure using electron microscopy (EM). The D domains are assemblies of smaller modules visible as lobes in EM. Modules in the D-domain assemblies include von Willebrand D, 8-cysteine, trypsin inhibitor-like, E or fibronectin type 1-like domains, and a unique D4N module in D4. The D1-D2 prodomain shows 2 large connected assemblies, each containing smaller lobes. The previous B and C regions of VWF are re-annotated as 6 tandem von Willebrand C (VWC) and VWC-like domains. These 6 VWC domains correspond to 6 elongated domains that associate in pairs at acidic pH in the stem region of VWF dimeric bouquets. This correspondence is demonstrated by binding of integrin α(IIb)β(3) to the fourth module seen in EM, VWC4, which bears the VWF Arg-Gly-Asp motif. The C-terminal cystine knot domain dimerizes end-to-end in a manner predicted by homology to TGF-β and orients approximately perpendicular to the VWC domains in dimeric bouquets. Homologies of domains in VWF to domains in other proteins allow many disulfide bonds to be tentatively assigned, which may have functional implications.
Microstrip bandpass filter using degenerate modes of a novel meander loop resonator (1995)

A novel type of dual-mode microstrip bandpass filter using degenerate modes of a meander loop resonator has been developed for miniaturization of high selectivity narrow-band microwave bandpass filters. A filter of this type having a 2.5% bandwidth at 1.58 GHz was designed and fabricated. The measured filter performance is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Predictive Value of PTEN and AR Coexpression of Sustained Responsiveness to Hormonal Therapy in Prostate Cancer—A Pilot Study (2008)

One limitation of current biochemical or histologic analysis of advanced prostate cancer (PC; T(3)/T(4) +/- N(x) M(x)) is the ability to identify on first diagnostic biopsy patients who will make a durable response to hormone ablation therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the predictive value (sustained response to hormonal therapy and clinical outcome (relapse-free and overall survival)) of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and the androgen receptor (AR) immunoexpression in the presenting biopsy. Analysis was performed on 47 samples (10 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia and 37 hormone-naive PCs). Patients selected represented two stages in the natural history of PC: The "clinical metastatic androgen-responsive" (androgen-dependent PC, ADPC) and the "clinical metastatic androgen-resistant" (androgen-independent PC, AIPC). Reduced immunoreactivity (IR) of either or both PTEN/AR in the initial hormone-naive PC samples was observed with increased frequency in AIPCs. In the ADPC group, low PTEN and/or AR-IR was associated with a shorter median relapse-free survival, i.e., at 30 months after surgery, the probability of relapse-free survival for high expressors of PTEN and AR was 85.7% (SEM = 9.3) compared with only 16.6% (SEM = 15.2) in low expressors. At 36 months, only 28.5% (SEM = 9.3) of ADPC high expressors had experienced a biochemical relapse compared with 100% of low expressors (hazard ratio, 4.6; 95% confidence interval, 4.7-146.8). Further studies analyzing the coexpression of PTEN and AR should be undertaken to validate this pilot study and the utility of these biomarkers in routine histopathologic workup of patients with PC.
Storage of Methane and Freon by Interstitial van der Waals Confinement (2002)

A known host-guest assembly, organized only by means of relatively weak dispersive forces, exhibits hitherto unappreciated thermal stability. The hexagonal close-packed arrangement of calix[4]arene contains lattice voids that can occlude small, highly volatile molecules. This host-guest system can be exploited to retain a range of freons, as well as methane, not only well above their normal boiling points, but also at relatively high temperatures and low pressures. The usually overlooked van der Waals interactions in organic crystals can indeed be used in a highly stable supramolecular system for gas storage.
Assembly of Encapsulated Transition Metal Catalysts (2001)

Enforced ligand dissociation as a result of steric interactions between ZnII porphyrin units and the N atoms of pyridylphosphane ligands determines the catalytic properties of the encapsulated transition metal complexes (see picture). These assemblies show increased catalytic activity in the palladium-catalyzed Heck reaction and rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation. M=transition metal catalyst.
Single and Combination Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Planktonic, Adherent, and Biofilm-Grown Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates Cultured from Sputa of Adults with Cystic Fibrosis (2002)

Evidence suggests that Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria form biofilms within the airways of adults with cystic fibrosis (CF). The objective of this study was to determine whether clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa recovered from adults with CF have similar susceptibilities to individual antibiotics and to antibiotic combinations when grown as adherent monolayers or as biofilms compared to when they are grown using planktonic methods. Twelve multiresistant P. aeruginosa isolates, one mucoid and one nonmucoid from each of six CF patients, were grown conventionally under planktonic conditions, as adherent bacterial monolayers, and as biofilms. Each bacterial isolate remained genotypically identical despite being cultured under planktonic, adherent, or biofilm growth conditions. Isolates grown as adherent monolayers and as biofilms were less susceptible to bactericidal killing by individual antibiotics compared to those grown planktonically. More importantly, biofilm-grown bacteria, but not adherent monolayer-grown bacteria, were significantly less susceptible to two- and three-drug combinations of antibiotics than were planktonically grown bacteria (P = 0.005). We conclude that biofilm-grown bacteria derived from patients with CF show decreased susceptibility to the bactericidal effects of antibiotic combinations than do adherent and planktonically grown bacteria.
A systematic genome-wide mapping of oncogenic mutation selection during CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing (2021)

Recent studies have reported that genome editing by CRISPR-Cas9 induces a DNA damage response mediated by p53 in primary cells hampering their growth. This could lead to a selection of cells with pre-existing p53 mutations. In this study, employing an integrated computational and experimental framework, we systematically investigated the possibility of selection of additional cancer driver mutations during CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. We first confirm the previous findings of the selection for pre-existing p53 mutations by CRISPR-Cas9. We next demonstrate that similar to p53, wildtype KRAS may also hamper the growth of Cas9-edited cells, potentially conferring a selective advantage to pre-existing KRAS-mutant cells. These selective effects are widespread, extending across cell-types and methods of CRISPR-Cas9 delivery and the strength of selection depends on the sgRNA sequence and the gene being edited. The selection for pre-existing p53 or KRAS mutations may confound CRISPR-Cas9 screens in cancer cells and more importantly, calls for monitoring patients undergoing CRISPR-Cas9-based editing for clinical therapeutics for pre-existing p53 and KRAS mutations.
Affected erythrocytes of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria are deficient in the complement regulatory protein, decay accelerating factor. (1983)

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired defect of bone marrow stem cells in which the affected clones produce erythrocytes (also granulocytes and platelets) with membranes that are abnormally sensitive to complement-mediated lysis. Abnormal erythrocytes (E) from patients with PNH (PNH-E) are 3-5 times more sensitive (type II PNH-E) or 15-25 times more sensitive (type III PNH-E) to lysis in vitro by human complement than normal E from unaffected individuals and the functionally normal E that arise from unaffected clones and the functionally normal E that arise from unaffected clones in PNH patients (type I PNH-E). After complement activation by either the classical or alternative pathway, abnormal amounts of C3b are deposited on the membranes of PNH-E compared with normal E, suggesting that the PNH-E membrane cannot regulate the events responsible for C3b deposition. Two proteins that decrease the stability of the classical and alternative pathway C3 convertases on target cells have been isolated from normal human E stroma: the 70,000 Mr decay accelerating factor of stroma (DAF) and the 250,000 Mr C3b receptor (C3bR). Specific immune precipitates of solubilized membranes from 125I-surface-labeled normal E demonstrate both proteins. In contrast, specific immune precipitates of PNH-E from three patients show C3bR but are deficient in DAF; type II PNH-E are relatively deficient and type III PNH-E are totally deficient in DAF. Antibody that neutralizes the activity of isolated DAF is adsorbed by intact normal E under conditions in which it is weakly adsorbed by type II PNH-E and not adsorbed by type III PNH-E. The deficiency of DAF antigen in PNH-E, as assessed by lack of immunoprecipitation and antibody adsorption, could explain the abnormal sensitivity of PNH-E to complement-mediated lysis and suggests that DAF may protect the membranes of normal E from damage resulting from autologous complement activation.
Synthesis and characterization of a novel ABA triblock copolymer via 4,4′‐bis(trifluorovinyloxy)biphenyl and methyl methacrylate (2006)

A macroinitiator with two atom transfer radical polymerization initiation groups at both ends was prepared by the thermal step-growth cycloaddition polymerization of 4,4′-bis(trifluorovinyloxy)biphenyl and was followed by a reaction with 2-bromo-1-(4-trifluorovinyloxyphenyl)-propan-1-one. Next, the atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate was initiated by the macroinitiator to obtain the ABA triblock copolymer [A = poly(methyl methacrylate) block; B = perfluorocyclobutyl aromatic ether based fluoropolymer block). The copolymer showed excellent solubility in conventional solvents.
The effects of indirect blunt trauma on adult canine articular cartilage. (1983)

These animal experiments indicate that adult articular cartilage may show significant alterations in its histological, biochemical, and ultrastructural characteristics without disruption of the articular surface. This model of articular cartilage "contusion" may represent a corollary to the joint damage that is observed following direct blunt trauma transmitted across articular surfaces without radiographic evidence of fracture. The possibility that this form of injury may be the precursor of chondromalacic changes in patellar or femoral cartilage merits further study.
Web client programming with Perl (1997)

On the World Wide Web, people are accustomed to using graphical browsers such as Netscape Navigator or Mosaic as their only interface for visiting remote sites, accessing up-to-date documents, and filling out forms. But graphical browsers can be limiting: the very interactivity that makes them so intuitive to use also makes them clumsy for automating tasks. If you want to get the latest weather report every few hours, track a Federal Express package online, or use a dictionary server repeatedly throughout the day, using your browser to perform the same task over and over can become cumbersome. As with any repetitive task, these applications are best done by writing a script.Web Client Programming with Perl shows you how to extend scripting skills to the Web. This book teaches you the basics of how browsers communicate with servers and how to write your own customized Web clients to automate common tasks. It is intended for those who are motivated to develop software that offers a more flexible and dynamic response than a standard Web browser.Using this book, you'll learn how to: Automate repetitive queries on the WebDetect broken hyperlinks on your siteWrite simple robots that traverse hyperlinks across a site, and across the Web in generalThis book will be of interest to: Web administrators who need to automate repetitive tasks or reduce maintenance timeUNIX shell programmers who want to interface their scripts to the WebCommercial software developers and consultants who need reference material for technical Web specifications and proof-of-concept examplesMost of the examples in this book use Perl, a versatile and portable language that is already familiar to many CGI programmers and UNIX power users. The book does not teach Perl, but the techniques used in the book should be easily followed by anyone with some programming background and can be adapted to whatever language you choose.
CB2 cannabinoid receptor-mediated peripheral antinociception (2001)

Cannabinoid receptor agonists diminish responses to painful stimuli. Extensive evidence implicates the CB(1) receptor in the production of antinociception. However, the capacity of CB(2) receptors, which are located outside the central nervous system (CNS), to produce antinociception is not known. Using AM1241, a CB(2) receptor-selective agonist, we demonstrate that CB(2) receptors produce antinociception to thermal stimuli. Injection of AM1241 in the hindpaw produced antinociception to a stimulus applied to the same paw. Injection of an equivalent dose of AM1241 into the paw contralateral to the side of testing did not. The antinociceptive actions of AM1241 were blocked by the CB(2) receptor-selective antagonist AM630, but not by the CB(1) receptor-selective antagonist AM251. AM1241 also produced antinociception when injected systemically (intraperitoneally). The antinociceptive actions of systemic AM1241 were blocked by injection of AM630 into the paw where the thermal stimulus was applied, but not the contralateral paw. These findings demonstrate the local, peripheral nature of CB(2) cannabinoid antinociception. AM1241 did not produce the CNS cannabinoid effects of hypothermia, catalepsy, inhibition of activity or impaired ambulation, while this tetrad of effects was produced by the mixed CB(1)/CB(2) receptor agonist WIN55,212-2. Peripheral antinociception without CNS effects is consistent with the peripheral distribution of CB(2) receptors. CB(2) receptor agonists may have promise clinically for the treatment of pain without CNS cannabinoid side effects.
Tissue Factor–Factor VII Complex as a Key Regulator of Ovarian Cancer Phenotypes (2015)

Tissue factor (TF) is an integral membrane protein widely expressed in normal human cells. Blood coagulation factor VII (fVII) is a key enzyme in the extrinsic coagulation cascade that is predominantly secreted by hepatocytes and released into the bloodstream. The TF-fVII complex is aberrantly expressed on the surface of cancer cells, including ovarian cancer cells. This procoagulant complex can initiate intracellular signaling mechanisms, resulting in malignant phenotypes. Cancer tissues are chronically exposed to hypoxia. TF and fVII can be induced in response to hypoxia in ovarian cancer cells at the gene expression level, leading to the autonomous production of the TF-fVII complex. Here, we discuss the roles of the TF-fVII complex in the induction of malignant phenotypes in ovarian cancer cells. The hypoxic nature of ovarian cancer tissues and the roles of TF expression in endometriosis are discussed. Arguments will be extended to potential strategies to treat ovarian cancers based on our current knowledge of TF-fVII function.