gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rotary Blood Pump Control Strategy for Preventing Left Ventricular Suction (2014)

The risk for left ventricular (LV) suction while maintaining adequate perfusion over a range of physiologic conditions during continuous flow LV assist device (LVAD) support is a significant clinical concern. To address this challenge, we developed a suction prevention and physiologic control (SPPC) algorithm for use with axial and centrifugal LVADs. The SPPC algorithm uses two gain-scheduled, proportional-integral controllers that maintain a differential pump speed (ΔRPM) above a user-defined threshold to prevent LV suction, while maintaining an average reference differential pressure (ΔP) between the LV and aorta to provide physiologic perfusion. Efficacy and robustness of the proposed algorithm were evaluated in silico during simulated rest and exercise test conditions for (1) ΔP/ΔRPM excessive setpoint (ES); (2) rapid eightfold increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR); and (3) ES and PVR. Hemodynamic waveforms (LV pressure and volume; aortic pressure and flow) were simulated and analyzed to identify suction event(s), quantify total flow output (pump + cardiac output), and characterize the performance of the SPPC algorithm. The results demonstrated that the proposed SPPC algorithm prevented LV suction while maintaining physiologic perfusion for all simulated test conditions, and warrants further investigation in vivo.
Rateless spinal codes (2011)

A fundamental problem in wireless networks is to develop communication protocols that achieve high throughput in the face of noise, interference, and fading, all of which vary with time. An ideal solution is a rateless wireless system, in which the sender encodes data without any explicit estimation or adaptation, implicitly adapting to the level of noise or interference. In this paper, we present a novel rateless code, the spinal code, which uses a hash function over the message bits to produce pseudo-random bits that in turn can be mapped directly to a dense constellation for transmission. Results from theoretical analysis and simulations show that spinal codes essentially achieve Shannon capacity, and out-perform best-known fixed rate block codes.
[Hyperprolactinemia and hypophyseal hypothyroidism as cofactors in hirsutism and androgen-induced alopecia in women]. (1991)

A more comprehensive hormonal diagnosis than has previously been performed shows that androgen-dependent diseases of hair growth are due to more varied hormonal disturbances than elevated androgen serum levels alone. In 46 female patients with androgenic hair loss and 27 patients with hirsutism, the levels of the androgens testosterone, free testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and 17-hydroxyprogesterone and of sex hormone-binding globulin, cortisol, oestradiol and the hypophyseal hormones follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were determined and compared with the hormone levels of 27 female patients without endocrine disorders. Of the androgens, only androstenedione showed a slightly significant elevation in hirsutism. Cortisol was elevated significantly in androgenic hair loss, and with a low degree of significance in hirsutism. In view of the complex hormonal interactions of thyroxin, prolactin and androgens and thyroid hormones the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-stimulation test was performed in 38 female patients with androgenic hair loss and 27 with hirsutism, and the results were compared with those recorded in 45 female control persons. The test is based on feedback mechanisms between hypothalamic TRH and hypophyseal TSH and prolactin and peripheral thyroid hormones. Baseline concentrations of TSH prior to stimulation were significantly elevated in hirsutism, while in androgenic hair loss both baseline and stimulated TSH levels were significantly elevated; thus, hypothyroidism is a significant finding in both clinical pictures. In the case of prolactin, both baseline and stimulated levels were highly significantly elevated in hirsutism, while in androgenic hair loss the stimulated levels were significantly elevated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Existence of a Human Urinary Trypsin Inhibitor (Urinastatin)-Like Substance in the Rat Brain (1992)

A human urinary trypsin inhibitor, urinastatin (UT)-like immunoreactive substance with trypsin inhibitory activity, was demonstrated in certain brain regions in rats, especially the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus. Although this UT-like substance in the rat brain displayed an N-terminal amino acid sequence similar to that of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), it did not show any GAPDH activity. These results indicate that the UT-like substance in the rat brain is a protein different from GAPDH and indicates a localized distribution within certain brain regions partly related to learning and memory.
Mycophenolic Acid Differentially Impacts B Cell Function Depending on the Stage of Differentiation (2011)

Production of pathogenic Abs contributes to disease progression in many autoimmune disorders. The immunosuppressant agent mycophenolic acid (MPA) has shown clinical efficacy for patients with autoimmunity. The goal of these studies was to elucidate the mechanisms of action of MPA on B cells isolated from healthy individuals and autoimmune patients. In this study, we show that MPA significantly inhibited both proliferation and differentiation of primary human B cells stimulated under various conditions. Importantly, MPA did not globally suppress B cell responsiveness or simply induce cell death, but rather selectively inhibited early activation events and arrested cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, MPA blocked expansion of both naive and memory B cells and prevented plasma cell (PC) differentiation and Ab production from healthy controls and individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. Finally, whereas MPA potently suppressed Ig secretion from activated primary B cells, terminally differentiated PCs were not susceptible to inhibition by MPA. The target of MPA, IMPDH2, was found to be downregulated in PCs, likely explaining the resistance of these cells to MPA. These results suggest that MPA provides benefit in settings of autoimmunity by directly preventing activation and PC differentiation of B cells; however, MPA is unlikely to impact autoantibody production by preexisting, long-lived PCs.
Planarization of Substrate Topography by Spin Coating (1987)

The results of a study of topographic substrate planarization with films applied by a spin‐coating process are reported. It is shown that spin coating produces conformal film profiles over topographic gaps on the substrate that are wider than about 50 μm and that leveling of these gaps can only occur after spinning ceases if the film is able to flow over large distances. A comparison of the major forces acting on the film leads to the conclusion that the flow is driven primarily by capillarity when the width of the gap is less than 5000 μm. A theory is developed that relates the time required to level the gaps to their width and to the thickness and viscosity of the film. The results of experiments performed to test the theory are presented and discussed.
A Novel Tetracycline-Inducible Viral Replication Switch (1999)

With the cloning of DNA encoding the trans-dominant negative mutant form of the HSV-1 origin-binding protein UL9, UL9-C535C, under the control of the tet operator-bearing hCMV major immediate-early promoter (pcmvtetO), this article demonstrates that the tetR-mediated mammalian transcription repression switch (Yao et al., Hum. Gene Ther. 9:1939-1950, 1998) can be converted to a novel HSV-1-specific viral replication switch. Using this viral replication switch, the plaque-forming efficiency of infectious HSV-1 DNA can be reversibly regulated by tetR over 100-fold in transient viral infection assays. Moreover, while less than 0 PFU/ml of HSV-1 was detected from tetR-expressing cells transfected with infectious HSV-1 DNA and plasmid pcmvtetOUL9-C535C in the presence of tetracycline, close to 1000 PFU/ml of HSV-1 was produced when similar experiments were carried out in the absence of tetracycline. The tetracycline treatment led no reduction in HSV-1 synthesis in cells transfected with infectious HSV-1 DNA alone. Taken together, given that the UL9-C535C-associated antiviral activity can be silenced in the context of this HSV-1 replication switch, the establishment of this reversible switch would allow construction of a new generation of HSV-1 recombinants able to inhibit its own replication as well as replication of wild-type virus.
Local Drug Delivery During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. (2000)

Local delivery of therapeutic agents offers promise as adjuncts during percutaneous interventions. The potential advantages of local delivery include direct delivery to the lesion site, lower doses of the agent resulting in lower costs and/or greater efficiency, and the potential for increased potency. Early trials focused primarily on the use of anti-thrombotic therapy using agents such as urokinase, heparin, and the heparinoids. These therapies, limited by an inadequate knowledge of the pharmacodynamics of the agents, had disappointing outcomes. Recent trials have focused on the use of later generation delivery devices that have improved delivery kinetics as well as agents that have improved resonance within the artery wall. It is anticipated that these new approaches will improve the clinical outcomes of local drug delivery during percutaneous interventions.
Observation of input-polarization-induced phase noise in interferometric fiber-optic sensors (1988)

It is shown that polarization fluctuations in the input fiber to an interferometric sensor can result in the generation of excess phase noise in the output. Experimental observations of this phenomenon are compared with theoretical models, and the impact of this noise source in interferometric sensors is briefly discussed.
Cover Picture: Macromol. Chem. Phys. 20/2005 (2005)

Cover: The images of polyolefin product beads recorded by laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy (LSCFM) show the distribution of metallocene catalysts supported on silica and latex particles after different reaction times. This is correlated to fragmentation processes schematically presented below. Further details can be found in the Full Paper by Y.‐J. Jang, C. Naundorf, M. Klapper * , and K. Müllen * on page 2027.
PatchMatch (2009)

This paper presents interactive image editing tools using a new randomized algorithm for quickly finding approximate nearest-neighbor matches between image patches. Previous research in graphics and vision has leveraged such nearest-neighbor searches to provide a variety of high-level digital image editing tools. However, the cost of computing a field of such matches for an entire image has eluded previous efforts to provide interactive performance. Our algorithm offers substantial performance improvements over the previous state of the art (20-100x), enabling its use in interactive editing tools. The key insights driving the algorithm are that some good patch matches can be found via random sampling, and that natural coherence in the imagery allows us to propagate such matches quickly to surrounding areas. We offer theoretical analysis of the convergence properties of the algorithm, as well as empirical and practical evidence for its high quality and performance. This one simple algorithm forms the basis for a variety of tools -- image retargeting, completion and reshuffling -- that can be used together in the context of a high-level image editing application. Finally, we propose additional intuitive constraints on the synthesis process that offer the user a level of control unavailable in previous methods.
Type VI secretion is a major virulence determinant in Burkholderia mallei (2007)

Burkholderia mallei is a host-adapted pathogen and a category B biothreat agent. Although the B. mallei VirAG two-component regulatory system is required for virulence in hamsters, the virulence genes it regulates are unknown. Here we show with expression profiling that overexpression of virAG resulted in transcriptional activation of approximately 60 genes, including some involved in capsule production, actin-based intracellular motility, and type VI secretion (T6S). The 15 genes encoding the major sugar component of the homopolymeric capsule were up-expressed > 2.5-fold, but capsule was still produced in the absence of virAG. Actin tail formation required virAG as well as bimB, bimC and bimE, three previously uncharacterized genes that were activated four- to 15-fold when VirAG was overproduced. Surprisingly, actin polymerization was found to be dispensable for virulence in hamsters. In contrast, genes encoding a T6S system were up-expressed as much as 30-fold and mutations in this T6S gene cluster resulted in strains that were avirulent in hamsters. SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry demonstrated that BMAA0742 was secreted by the T6S system when virAG was overexpressed. Purified His-tagged BMAA0742 was recognized by glanders antiserum from a horse, a human and mice, indicating that this Hcp-family protein is produced in vivo during infection.
Influence of plankton on distribution patterns of the filter-feeder Brevoortia tyrannus (Pisces: Clupeidae) (1989)

Abundance of juvenile Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus, plankton abundance, and physical data were collected concurrently along longitudinal transects in 2 estuarine creeks in North Carolina and 2 estuarine creeks in Virgina, USA, from March to August 1983. Menhaden abundance was positively correlated with abundance of microflagellates, diatoms, chlorophyll a, and to a limited extent dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria. Menhaden showed a distributional preference for larger (generally > 3 pm in length) phytoplankton cells independent of phytoplankton taxa. Dinoflagellate blooms, whlch were usually composed of large cells (> 16 fim in length) and had some of the highest chlorophyll a concentrations observed, were not always positively correlated with menhaden abundance. Some dinoflagellata taxa appeared to repel menhaden, whereas blooms of Prorocentrum sp. were always positively correlated with the distribution of the fish. Menhaden distribution appeared to respond to gradients of phytoplankton cells of sufficient size to be filtered by the fish, suggesting a chemosensory preference for plant rather than detrital particles and a foraging strategy patterned by the efficiency of their gill raker feeding structure.
Synthesis of Cellulose Fatty Esters as Plastics—Influence of the Degree of Substitution and the Fatty Chain Length on Mechanical Properties (2009)

Alternative films: The effect of the chain length and the degree of substitution on the mechanical and hydrophobic properties of various cellulose fatty ester plastic films was studied. The results suggest that the cellulose ester plastic films are promising alternatives to petrochemical commodity plastics such as polyethylene.Cellulose-based plastic films were prepared by acylating cellulose in homogeneous media under microwave irradiation with fatty acyl chlorides containing either saturated or unsaturated chains of various lengths (C(12) to C(18)). The resultant cellulose esters were analysed by FTIR and (1)H NMR spectroscopy to confirm their structure and to determine their degree of substitution. Some of the cellulose fatty esters were then converted into polymer films by casting. The mechanical properties of these films were determined, including their elastic modulus, tensile strength and tensile strain level. The hydrophobicity of the polymer films was determined by contact angle measurement with water. The mechanical and hydrophobic properties of the plastic films were then compared to those of commodity plastics.
Sensitization of TRPV1 by EP1 and IP Reveals Peripheral Nociceptive Mechanism of Prostaglandins (2005)

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) are major inflammatory mediators that play important roles in pain sensation and hyperalgesia. The role of their receptors (EP and IP, respectively) in inflammation has been well documented, although the EP receptor subtypes involved in this process and the underlying cellular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The capsaicin receptor TRPV1 is a nonselective cation channel expressed in sensory neurons and activated by various noxious stimuli. TRPV1 has been reported to be critical for inflammatory pain mediated through PKA- and PKC-dependent pathways. PGE2 or PGI2increased or sensitized TRPV1 responses through EP1 or IP receptors, respectively predominantly in a PKC-dependent manner in both HEK293 cells expressing TRPV1 and mouse DRG neurons. In the presence of PGE2 or PGI2, the temperature threshold for TRPV1 activation was reduced below 35 degrees C, so that temperatures near body temperature are sufficient to activate TRPV1. A PKA-dependent pathway was also involved in the potentiation of TRPV1 through EP4 and IP receptors upon exposure to PGE2 and PGI2, respectively. Both PGE2-induced thermal hyperalgesia and inflammatory nociceptive responses were diminished in TRPV1-deficient mice and EP1-deficient mice. IP receptor involvement was also demonstrated using TRPV1-deficient mice and IP-deficient mice. Thus, the potentiation or sensitization of TRPV1 activity through EP1 or IP activation might be one important mechanism underlying the peripheral nociceptive actions of PGE2 or PGI2.
Inkjet‐Printed Single‐Droplet Organic Transistors Based on Semiconductor Nanowires Embedded in Insulating Polymers (2010)

Abstract Fabrication of organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) using a high‐throughput printing process has garnered tremendous interest for realizing low‐cost and large‐area flexible electronic devices. Printing of organic semiconductors for active layer of transistor is one of the most critical steps for achieving this goal. The charge carrier transport behavior in this layer, dictated by the crystalline microstructure and molecular orientations of the organic semiconductor, determines the transistor performance. Here, it is demonstrated that an inkjet‐printed single‐droplet of a semiconducting/insulating polymer blend holds substantial promise as a means for implementing direct‐write fabrication of organic transistors. Control of the solubility of the semiconducting component in a blend solution can yield an inkjet‐printed single‐droplet blend film characterized by a semiconductor nanowire network embedded in an insulating polymer matrix. The inkjet‐printed blend films having this unique structure provide effective pathways for charge carrier transport through semiconductor nanowires, as well as significantly improve the on‐off current ratio and the environmental stability of the printed transistors.
Diagnosis of Fusarium keratitis in an animal model using the polymerase chain reaction (1998)

This PCR based test holds promise of being an effective method of diagnosing Fusarium keratitis as well as Fusarium infections at other sites.
Sound Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation in an Amorphous Compound (1993)

International audience
Voice Transformer Network: Sequence-to-Sequence Voice Conversion Using Transformer with Text-to-Speech Pretraining (2019)

We introduce a novel sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) voice conversion (VC) model based on the Transformer architecture with text-to-speech (TTS) pretraining. Seq2seq VC models are attractive owing to their ability to convert prosody. While seq2seq models based on recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been successfully applied to VC, the use of the Transformer network, which has shown promising results in various speech processing tasks, has not yet been investigated. Nonetheless, their data-hungry property and the mispronunciation of converted speech make seq2seq models far from practical. To this end, we propose a simple yet effective pretraining technique to transfer knowledge from learned TTS models, which benefit from large-scale, easily accessible TTS corpora. VC models initialized with such pretrained model parameters are able to generate effective hidden representations for high-fidelity, highly intelligible converted speech. Experimental results show that such a pretraining scheme can facilitate data-efficient training and outperform an RNN-based seq2seq VC model in terms of intelligibility, naturalness, and similarity.
250 mW, 15µm monolithic passively mode-locked slab-coupled optical waveguide laser (2006)

We report the demonstration of a 1.5 microm InGaAsP mode-locked slab-coupled optical waveguide laser (SCOWL) producing 10 ps pulses with energies of 58 pJ and average output powers of 250 mW at a repetition rate of 4.29 GHz. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first passively mode-locked slab-coupled optical waveguide laser. The large mode and low confinement factor of the SCOWL architecture allows the realization of monolithic mode-locked lasers with high output power and pulse energy. The laser output is nearly diffraction limited with M2 values less than 1.2 in both directions.
Expression of Functional MHC Class II Molecules By aMouse Pro‐B Cell Clone (1994)

We describe here the G12 pro-B cell clone that has been isolated from an IL-7 transgenic mouse. This clone has the phenotype B220+, BP-1+, HSA+, CD43+, lambda5+, and CD25-, and has its Ig locus in a germline configuration. G12 cells spontaneously express cell-surface MHC class II molecules, although to a much lesser extent than the mature M12.4.1 B-cell lymphoma. G12 cells can process and present the native Hen Egg Lysozyme (HEL) to an MHC class II-restricted T-cell hybridoma. The efficiency of presentation is inferior to that obtained with M12.4.1 cells. This is the first report where a pro-B cell can serve as APC in an MHC class II-restricted presentation.
Five missense mutations at the adenosine deaminase locus (ADA) detected by altered restriction fragments and their frequency in ADA – patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (ADA – SCID) (1992)

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a heterogeneous syndrome, due to X-linked and autosomal recessive defects. A significant proportion of the autosomal recessive forms of SCID are due to mutations at the adenosine deaminase (ADA) locus. Nine different mutations at the ADA locus, including 7 missense point mutations, have been reported in children with ADA-SCID. We could detect 5 of the 7 missense mutations associated with ADA-SCID by alterations in restriction fragments utilizing standard restriction digestion of genomic DNA and hybridization of radiolabelled ADA genomic probes to Southern transfers. We additionally developed more rapid nonradioactive methods employing digestion of genomic DNA amplified by PCR that also detected all 5 mutations. Using these methods, we have examined a sample of 45 ADA-SCID chromosomes and report that these 5 missense mutations account for one third of the ADA--chromosomes studied, with 2 mutations being relatively common.