gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A real-time system for automatically annotating unstructured image sequences (2002)

At present, the only reason for feeding live, unstructured image sequences into a computer is to redisplay them. Automatic video annotation systems promise to make the availability of such video more useful. This paper describes a modular, real-time vision service suitable for a type of automatic annotation. The service picks out and tracks moving objects in video taken from moving cameras. Such vision services are intended to provide the foundations of real-time video annotation systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Transcriptional profiling of spinal cord injury‐induced central neuropathic pain (2005)

Central neuropathic pain (CNP) is an important problem following spinal cord injury (SCI), because it severely affects the quality of life of SCI patients. As in the patient population, the majority of rats develop significant allodynia (CNP rats) after moderate SCI. However, about 10% of SCI rats do not develop allodynia, or develop significantly less allodynia than CNP rats (non-CNP rats). To identify transcriptional changes underlying CNP development after SCI, we used Affymetrix DNA microarrays and RNAs extracted from the spinal cords of CNP and non-CNP rats. DNA microarry analysis showed significantly increased expression of a number of genes associated with inflammation and astrocytic activation in the spinal cords of rats that developed CNP. For example, mRNA levels of glial fibrilary acidic protein (GFAP) and Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) significantly increased in CNP rats. We also found that GFAP, S100beta and AQP4 protein elevation persisted for at least 9 months throughout contused spinal cords, consistent with the chronic nature of CNP. Thus, we hypothesize that CNP development results, in part, from dysfunctional, chronically "over-activated" astrocytes. Although, it has been shown that activated astrocytes are associated with peripheral neuropathic pain, this has not previously been demonstrated in CNP after SCI.
From Kippur to Oslo: Israel's Foreign Policy, 1973–1993 (2004)

Niccolo Machiavelli's definition of political realism is blunt and unambiguous: ‘Where the very safety of the country depends on the resolution to be taken, no consideration of justice or injustice...
Inhibitory RNA Molecules in Immunotherapy for Cancer (2010)

Over the past few decades, our expanding knowledge of the mammalian immune system - how it is developed, activated, and regulated - has fostered hope that it may be harnessed in the future to successfully treat human cancer. The immune system activated by cancer vaccines may have the unique ability to selectively eradicate tumor cells at multiple sites in the body without inflicting damage on normal tissue. However, progress in the development of cancer vaccines that effectively capitalize on this ability has been limited and slow. The immune system is restrained by complex, negative feedback mechanisms that evolved to protect the host against autoimmunity and may also prevent antitumor immunity. In addition, tumor cells exploit a plethora of strategies to evade detection and elimination by the immune system. For these reasons, the field of cancer immunotherapy has suffered considerable setbacks in the past and faces great challenges at the present time. Some of these challenges may be overcome through the use of RNA interference, a process by which gene expression can be efficiently and specifically "knocked down" in cells. This chapter focuses on the current status and future prospects in the application of small interfering RNA and microRNA, two main forms of RNA interference, to treat cancer by curtailing mechanisms that attenuate the host immune response.
A novel active array antenna using a transmission‐line coupling network and a voltage‐controlled oscillator with a varactor diode (2001)

Abstract In this paper, a 1×4 active phased‐array antenna is designed using a voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) with a varactor diode and a transmission‐line network. The varactor diode was connected in parallel to the FET for the wide tuning range of the VCO, and the transmission‐line network was composed of the transmission line,the open stub, and the chip resistor. The scan range, −20 to 22° at 2.44 GHz, was controlled by the applied varactor diode voltage and the transmission‐line coupling network. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 148–150, 2001.
Smooth spline surfaces over irregular meshes (1994)

An algorithm for creating smooth spline surfaces over irregular meshes is presented. The algorithm is a generalization of quadratic B-splines; that is, if a mesh is (locally) regular, the resulting surface is equivalent to a B-spline. Otherwise, the resulting surface has a degree 3 or 4 parametric polynomial representation. A construction is given for representing the surface as a collection of tangent plane continuous triangular Be´zier patches. The algorithm is simple, efficient, and generates aesthetically pleasing shapes.
Notable computer networks (1986)

Computer networks are becoming more numerous and more diverse. Collectively, they constitute a worldwide metanetwork.
A natural IgA-anti-F(ab')2gamma autoantibody occurring in healthy individuals and kidney graft recipients recognizes an IgG1 hinge region epitope (1996)

Natural anti-IgG autoantibodies are found both in healthy individuals and in patients with certain diseases. One group of these Abs recognizes epitopes located in the F(ab')2 region of the IgG molecule. The immunoregulatory role of these Abs in healthy individuals, graft rejection, and disease was previously studied, usually with a focus on the characterization of anti-idiotypic Abs. In the present study, we characterize the epitope recognized by an anti-F(ab')2gamma autoantibody of the IgA isotype, which occurs in the serum of healthy individuals and kidney transplant recipients. The autoantibody described herein reacts strongly with F(ab')2gamma but only poorly with Fab(gamma) fragments, a binding pattern pointing to an epitope located in the hinge region. Using synthetic peptides, we identified a conformational epitope that overlaps the middle and part of the lower hinge region. Structural analyses of peptide constructs showed that a defined conformation of the first three residues of the lower hinge is required for a full expression of the epitope. Binding of IgA to the hinge region of IgG1 covers part of the physiologically active Fc domain, immobilizes the Fab arms, and thereby can be expected to exert immunoregulatory functions.
Transcriptional Activation by STAT6 Requires the Direct Interaction with NCoA-1 (2001)

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) is a transcription factor that is activated by interleukin-4 (IL-4)-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and mediates most of the IL-4-induced gene expression. Transcriptional activation by STAT6 requires the interaction with coactivators like p300 and the CREB-binding protein (CBP). In this study we have investigated the function of the CBP-associated members of the p160/steroid receptor coactivator family in the transcriptional activation by STAT6. We found that only one of them, NCoA-1, acts as a coactivator for STAT6 and interacts directly with the transactivation domain of STAT6. The N-terminal part of NCoA-1 interacts with the far C-terminal part of the STAT6 transactivation domain but does not interact with the other members of the STAT family. This domain of NCoA-1 has a strong inhibitory effect on STAT6-mediated transactivation when overexpressed in cells, illustrating the importance of NCoA-1 for STAT6-mediated transactivation. In addition, we showed that both coactivators CBP and NCoA-1 bind independently to specific regions within the STAT6 transactivation domain. Our results suggest that multiple contacts between NCoA-1, CBP, and STAT6 are required for transcriptional activation. These findings provide new mechanistic insights into how STAT6 can recruit coactivators required for IL-4-dependent transactivation.
Deployment and Detection of a Novel Barcoded Advanced Tracers System for the Optimization of Improved Waterflood Recovery in Hydrocarbon Reservoirs (2019)

Abstract Objectives/Scope A novel barcoded advanced tracers system has been developed and field-validated in a hydrocarbon reservoir. With a detection scheme that supports automation, this cost-effective tracers system is designed to enable potentially ubiquitous long-term full-field injections in the interest of using the high fidelity tracer data to increase the oil recovery factor through improved optimization of the water injection and oil production. Methods, Procedures, Process Our Advanced Tracers system uses real-time chromatographic separation and optical detection to achieve ultra-low limits of detection (LOD) at 1 part per billion (ppb) or better. Such low LOD facilitates small injection quantities, making full field deployment of Advanced Tracers cost-effective compared to state-of-the-art interwell tracers. Additionally, the detection strategy that enables automation of the analysis process for real-time tracer detection is outlined, paving way for minimal manual sample collection and work-up. Results, Observations, Conclusions Results on recently field-validated real-time optically-detectable tracers in a hydrocarbon reservoir, detectable at ultra-low LODs, are described. This is achieved even in the presence of background oil by means of an intrinsically oil-blind detection method. The material exhibits high mobility in high-salinity high-temperature carbonate reservoirs, with tracer breakthrough successfully detected at concentrations of less than 1 ppb using chromatographic separation followed by an optical detection method. The novel methodology as outlined highlights its simplicity, safety and cost-effectiveness relative to current practices in the field. Novel/Additive Information Fluorobenzoic acid based tracer technology requires chemical derivatization of the samples for ultra-low detection limits in a GC-MS. Our novel tracer detection strategy omits the need for chemical derivatization. In addition, it enables a compact, portable, optical-based automated wellsite detection system to be used in the field, with tens of unique barcodes possible. These innovative steps are keys to near real-time tracer detection in the field, realizing one of the intelligent oil field monitoring and the reservoir management applications.
Structure of DNA in a nucleosome core at high salt concentration and at high temperature (1993)

We have used hydroxyl radical cleavage of DNA to probe the organization of the nucleosome core at high salt concentration and high temperature. The rotational and translational positioning of a DNA fragment, containing part of the Xenopus borealis 5S RNA gene, on the histone octamer is maintained between salt concentrations of 0.0 and 0.8 M NaCl and between temperatures of 0 and 75 degrees C. These results provide evidence that the energy of bending DNA around the nucleosome is independent of salt concentration and temperature in this range. They illustrate the severe energetic requirements necessary to displace DNA from previously organized contacts with histones in the nucleosome core.
Characterization of a Bicyclic Peptide Neuropilin-1 (NP-1) Antagonist (EG3287) Reveals Importance of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Exon 8 for NP-1 Binding and Role of NP-1 in KDR Signaling (2006)

Neuropilin-1 (NP-1) is a receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor-A165 (VEGF-A165) in endothelial cells. To define the role of NP-1 in the biological functions of VEGF, we developed a specific peptide antagonist of VEGF binding to NP-1 based on the NP-1 binding site located in the exon 7- and 8-encoded VEGF-A165 domain. The bicyclic peptide, EG3287, potently (K(i) 1.2 microM) and effectively (>95% inhibition at 100 microM) inhibited VEGF-A165 binding to porcine aortic endothelial cells expressing NP-1 (PAE/NP-1) and breast carcinoma cells expressing only NP-1 receptors for VEGF-A, but had no effect on binding to PAE/KDR or PAE/Flt-1. Molecular dynamics calculations, a nuclear magnetic resonance structure of EG3287, and determination of stability in media, indicated that it constitutes a stable subdomain very similar to the corresponding region of native VEGF-A165. The C terminus encoded by exon 8 and the three-dimensional structure were both critical for EG3287 inhibition of NP-1 binding, whereas modifications at the N terminus had little effect. Although EG3287 had no direct effect on VEGF-A165 binding to KDR receptors, it inhibited cross-linking of VEGF-A165 to KDR in human umbilical vein endothelial cells co-expressing NP-1, and inhibited stimulation of KDR and PLC-gamma tyrosine phosphorylation, activation of ERKs1/2 and prostanoid production. These findings characterize the first specific antagonist of VEGF-A165 binding to NP-1 and demonstrate that NP-1 is essential for optimum KDR activation and intracellular signaling. The results also identify a key role for the C-terminal exon 8 domain in VEGF-A165 binding to NP-1.
Simultaneous and Reversible Functionalization of Copolymers for Biological Applications (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTSimultaneous and Reversible Functionalization of Copolymers for Biological Applications†Suhrit Ghosh, Subhadeep Basu, and S. ThayumanavanView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 Cite this: Macromolecules 2006, 39, 17, 5595–5597Publication Date (Web):July 26, 2006Publication History Received23 June 2006Revised3 July 2006Published online26 July 2006Published inissue 1 August 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma061420xhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma061420xrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2006 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4338Altmetric-Citations164LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Disulfides,Monomers,Polymers,Thiols Get e-Alerts
Isolation of haemopoietic spleen colony forming cells. (1986)

A simplified and more widely applicable modification of the recently developed methodology for sorting and collecting purified populations of the pluripotent haemopoietic spleen colony-forming cell, CFU-S, is described. Based on their relatively low density and high affinity for wheat germ agglutinin, CFU-S are collected using a fluorescence activated cell sorter. Normal bone marrow cells are labelled with flurorescein labelled wheat germ agglutinin (WGA - FITC) and then subjected to a density cut on metrizamide. Cells with density less than 1.080 gm. ml-1 are sorted on a FACS-IV instrument. Highly fluorescent cells with medium forward and low perpendicular light scatters are collected. These cells are then re-sorted to the same criteria as for the first sort. This double sorting procedure gives a population of cells which, corrected for spleen seeding efficiency, contains about 90% CFC-S. Mixed CFC, in vitro, are also enriched but from the ratios of mixed to spleen CFC, and of 11 to 8 day spleen colony forming ability, there is a clear selection for the earlier, more primitive and/or non-cycling Go-phase CFC-S. This is confirmed by direct observation of autoradiographic labelling indices.
MicroRNA 21 Promotes Glioma Invasion by Targeting Matrix Metalloproteinase Regulators (2008)

Substantial data indicate that microRNA 21 (miR-21) is significantly elevated in glioblastoma (GBM) and in many other tumors of various origins. This microRNA has been implicated in various aspects of carcinogenesis, including cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. We demonstrate that miR-21 regulates multiple genes associated with glioma cell apoptosis, migration, and invasiveness, including the RECK and TIMP3 genes, which are suppressors of malignancy and inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Specific inhibition of miR-21 with antisense oligonucleotides leads to elevated levels of RECK and TIMP3 and therefore reduces MMP activities in vitro and in a human model of gliomas in nude mice. Moreover, downregulation of miR-21 in glioma cells leads to decreases of their migratory and invasion abilities. Our data suggest that miR-21 contributes to glioma malignancy by downregulation of MMP inhibitors, which leads to activation of MMPs, thus promoting invasiveness of cancer cells. Our results also indicate that inhibition of a single oncomir, like miR-21, with specific antisense molecules can provide a novel therapeutic approach for "physiological" modulation of multiple proteins whose expression is deregulated in cancer.
Practical Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Propargylamines through a Copper‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Three‐Component Condensation Reaction (2006)

The one-pot three-component reaction of terminal alkynes, aldehydes and secondary amines in the presence of copper(I) bromide/quinap is reported. The reaction scope has been determined and a broad variety of all three components has been used, which afforded the corresponding propargylamines in good to excellent yields and moderate to very good enantioselectivities. The reaction showed a strong positive nonlinear effect. The transformation of a propargylamine intermediate into the alkaloid (S)-(+)-coniine has also been described.
“Click” Chemistry by Microcontact Printing (2006)

Print and click: “Click” chemistry can be efficiently combined with microcontact printing. Synthesis in the nanoscale confinement between an elastomeric stamp and a reactive substrate leads to the desired product within a short time, without a catalyst, and under ambient conditions. As a result, 1-octadecyne could be printed onto an azido-terminated, self-assembled monolayer on a silicon oxide substrate (see scheme). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z601090_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
UV-C irradiation is able to inactivate pathogens found in commercially collected porcine plasma as demonstrated by swine bioassay (2019)

Liquid porcine plasma is an animal origin raw material for the manufacturing process of spray-dried porcine plasma that is used in pig nutrition worldwide. In previous studies we found that the application of ultraviolet light C (UV-C) in liquid plasma that was inoculated with a variety of bacteria or viruses of importance in the swine industry can be considered as redundant safety steps because in general achieve around 4 logs reduction for most of these pathogens. However, the final validation of the UV-C light as safety feature should be conducted with commercial liquid plasma and using the pig bioassay model. As a first objective, the potential infectivity of a raw liquid plasma product collected from an abattoir was tested by means of a swine bioassay. We used Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2), a ubiquitous virus that has been systematically detected by PCR in porcine plasma at abattoirs as selection criteria for commercial liquid plasma lot. As a second aim of the study, the effects of different doses of UV-C irradiation on the selected raw liquid plasma were assayed in the animal bioassay. Moreover, other swine infecting agents, including Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), were also determined in the original plasma and monitored in the inoculated animals. Pigs negative for PCV-2 and PRRSV genome and antibodies were allotted to one of five groups (6 to 8 pigs/ group) and injected intra-peritoneally with 10 mL of their assigned inoculum at 50 d of age. Negative control pigs (group 1) were injected with PBS. Positive control pigs (group 5) were injected with a PCV-2 inoculum. Groups 2, 3 and 4 were injected with liquid porcine plasma that had been subjected to 0 (raw plasma), 3000 or 9000 J/L UV-C irradiation, respectively. Group 2 pigs (0 J/L UV-C) got infection by PRRSV but no PCV-2 infection or seroconversion. However, one pig from group 2 seroconverted to Rotavirus A (RVA) and Hepatitis E virus (HEV) and three group 2 pigs seroconverted to Porcine parvovirus (PPV). Groups 1, 3 and 4 pigs showed no evidence of infection or seroconversion associated with the tested viruses or any other pathogens found in the liquid plasma before UV-C irradiation. Group 5 pigs developed PCV-2 infectivity as expected. UV-C irradiation of liquid plasma at 3000 and 9000 J/L was effective in preventing PRRSV and other pathogens transmission. Moreover, raw liquid plasma was non-infectious for PCV-2 in naïve pigs.
Recombinant SINAP-25 is an effective substrate for Clostridium botulinum type A toxin endopeptidase activity in vitro (1997)

Bacterial neurotoxins are now being used routinely for the treatment of neuromuscular conditions. Alternative assays to replace or to complement in vivo bioassay methods for assessment of the safety and potency of these botulinum neurotoxin-based therapeutic products are urgently needed. Advances made in understanding the mode of action of clostridial neurotoxins have provided the basis for the development of alternative mechanism-based assay methods. Thus, the identification of SNAP-25 (synaptosomal-associated protein of molecular mass 25 kDa) as the intracellular protein target which is selectively cleaved during poisoning by botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) has enabled the development of a functional in vitro assay for this toxin. Using recombinant DNA methods, a segment of SNAP-25 (aa residues 134-206) spanning the toxin cleavage site was prepared as a fusion protein to the maltose-binding protein in Escherichia coli. The fusion protein was purified by affinity chromatography and the fragment isolated after cleavage with Factor Xa. Targeted antibodies specific for the N and C termini of SNAP-25, as well as the toxin cleavage site, were prepared and used in an immunoassay to demonstrate BoNT/A endopeptidase activity towards recombinant SNAP-25 substrates. The reaction required low concentrations of reducing agents which were inhibitory at higher concentrations as were metal chelators and some inhibitors of metallopeptidases. The endopeptidase assay has proved to be more sensitive than the mouse bioassay for detection of toxin in therapeutic preparations. A good correlation with results obtained in the in vivo bioassay (r = 0.95, n = 23) was demonstrated. The endopeptidase assay described here may provide a suitable replacement assay for the estimation of the potency of type A toxin in therapeutic preparations.