gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Whole-cell uptake and nuclear localization of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol by breast cancer cells (T47 D) in culture (1981)

Specific high-affinity receptors for 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25-(OH)(2)D(3)] have been described recently in broken-cell preparations of several cultured human breast cancer cell lines including the T47 D line. It was necessary to determine whether intact breast cancer cells in culture would bind 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) specifically and whether the next step in the proposed scheme of action, i.e. nuclear translocation, occurred. The following results were obtained. (1) Specific uptake of 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) by T47 D cells occurs in intact cells in culture. (2) The rate of uptake is proportional to medium 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) concentration but is slow compared with that of other steroid hormones, e.g., oestradiol, under identical conditions. Even at 0.5nm-1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) in the medium, at least 4h are required to reach maximum compared with less than 1h for oestradiol binding. (3) Estimation of binding characteristics by Scatchard analysis indicates a single class of binding sites with K(d) of 68pm and 11800 binding sites/cell, which are similar results to those obtained with broken-cell preparations. (4) Inclusion of various vitamin D metabolites in the incubation medium decreased specific binding of 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) by the intact cells in a manner identical with their effects in the broken-cell preparation and with potencies similar to their potency on Ca(2+) transport and bone resorption in vivo. Order of potency was 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3)>(24R)-1,24,25-trihydroxycholecalciferol >>25-hydroxycholecalciferol>(25R)-24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol >>(25R)-25,26-dihydroxycholecalciferol. (5) In the 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3)-depleted state, 80% of the 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) receptor is found in the cytosol fraction of the cells even when the subcellular fractionation is performed under low-salt conditions. By contrast after incubation with [(3)H]1,25-(OH)(2)D(3), 59% of the specific 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) binding is found in the partially purified nuclei fraction. These data indicate that nuclear translocation of the receptor-hormone complex takes place in the intact T47 D cell. The results also support the hypothesis that the 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) receptor is functional in this cultured breast cancer cell line, which may provide a useful model for further study of the early biochemical events in 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) action.
Fast Liquid Chromatography (1969)

Journal Article Fast Liquid Chromatography Get access J. L. Waters, J. L. Waters Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. N. Little, J. N. Little Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. F. Horgan D. F. Horgan Waters Associates, Inc., 61 Fountain Street, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Chromatographic Science, Volume 7, Issue 5, May 1969, Pages 293–296, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/7.5.293 Published: 01 May 1969 Article history Received: 02 December 1968 Published: 01 May 1969
The small GTPase R-Ras regulates organization of actin and drives membrane protrusions through the activity of PLCϵ (2006)

R-Ras, an atypical member of the Ras subfamily of small GTPases, enhances integrin-mediated adhesion and signaling through a poorly understood mechanism. Dynamic analysis of cell spreading by total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy demonstrated that active R-Ras lengthened the duration of initial membrane protrusion, and promoted the formation of a ruffling lamellipod, rich in branched actin structures and devoid of filopodia. By contrast, dominant-negative R-Ras enhanced filopodia formation. Moreover, RNA interference (RNAi) approaches demonstrated that endogenous R-Ras contributed to cell spreading. These observations suggest that R-Ras regulates membrane protrusions through organization of the actin cytoskeleton. Our results suggest that phospholipase Cepsilon (PLCepsilon) is a novel R-Ras effector mediating the effects of R-Ras on the actin cytoskeleton and membrane protrusion, because R-Ras was co-precipitated with PLCepsilon and increased its activity. Knockdown of PLCepsilon with siRNA reduced the formation of the ruffling lamellipod in R-Ras cells. Consistent with this pathway, inhibitors of PLC activity, or chelating intracellular Ca2+ abolished the ability of R-Ras to promote membrane protrusions and spreading. Overall, these data suggest that R-Ras signaling regulates the organization of the actin cytoskeleton to sustain membrane protrusion through the activity of PLCepsilon.
MUC1-like tandem repeat proteins are broadly immunogenic in cancer patients. (2003)

The identification of antigens mediating tumor rejection is an important goal of cancer immunology. The SEREX technology utilizes antibodies from cancer patients to identify candidate antigens from tumor-derived cDNA expression libraries. Using sera from a long-term surviving metastatic melanoma patient vaccinated with irradiated, autologous tumor cells engineered to secrete granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), we identified an antigen reported to be a putative opioid growth factor receptor (OGFr). The human immune response to OGFr exhibits three features shared with other tumor antigens. First, the protein is an intracellular antigen found in both nucleus and cytoplasm. Second, part of the antibody response is directed at a putative protein product encoded by an alternative reading frame (ARF). Third, part of the antibody response is directed at a portion of the molecule that bears a striking resemblance to the extracellular domain of MUC1, both with respect to primary structure and size polymorphism. Antibody responses to OGFr and a synthetic peptide representing a putative alternative reading frame product (OGFr-ARF) were frequently found in cancer patients. 11/45 (24%) melanoma patients had antibodies to OGFr and 5/45 (11%) had antibodies to OGFr-ARF. Moreover, 5/24 (21%) lung cancer, 4/25 (16%) prostate cancer, and 5/6 breast or ovarian cancer patients had antibodies to OGFr, the alternative frame product, or both. These data add to the growing list of tumor antigens that appear to be translated in two frames, and suggest that OGFr and OGFr-ARF may be useful targets for vaccination.
Acinar Plasticity (2007)

We have developed a novel in vitro model of adult human acinoductal metaplasia that will aid not only in developing new methods of expanding beta-cell mass but also provide insights into pancreatic carcinogenesis.
Fine-grained evaluation on face detection in the wild (2015)

Current evaluation datasets for face detection, which is of great value in real-world applications, are still somewhat out-of-date. We propose a new face detection dataset MALF (short for Multi-Attribute Labelled Faces), which contains 5,250 images collected from the Internet and ∼12,000 labelled faces. The MALF dataset highlights in two main features: 1) It is the largest dataset for evaluation of face detection in the wild, and the annotation of multiple facial attributes makes it possible for fine-grained performance analysis. 2) To reveal the ‘true’ performances of algorithms in practice, MALF adopts an evaluation metric that puts stress on the recall rate at a relatively low false alarm rate. Besides providing a large dataset for face detection evaluation, this paper also collects more than 20 state-of-the-art algorithms, both from academia and industry, and conducts a fine-grained comparative evaluation of these algorithms, which can be considered as a summary of past advances made in face detection. The dataset and up-to-date results of the evaluation can be found at http: //www.cbsr.ia.ac.cn/faceevaluation/.
New electrode materials for dielectric elastomer actuators (2007)

Dielectric elastomer actuators exert strain due to an applied electric field. With advantageous properties such as high efficiency and their light weight, these actuators are attractive for a variety of applications ranging from biomimetic robots, medical prosthetics to conventional pumps and valves. The performance and reliability however, are limited by dielectric breakdown which occurs primarily from localized defects inherently present in the polymer film during actuation. These defects lead to electric arcing, causing a short circuit that shuts down the entire actuator and can lead to actuator failure at fields significantly lower than the intrinsic strength of the material. This limitation is particularly a problem in actuators using large-area films. Our recent studies have shown that the gap between the strength of the intrinsic material and the strength of large-area actuators can be reduced by electrically isolating defects in the dielectric film. As a result, the performance and reliability of dielectric elastomers actuators can be substantially improved.
Influence of Topically Applied Cyclosporine A in Olive Oil on Corneal Epithelium Permeability (1994)

The effect that topically administered cyclosporine A (CsA) dissolved in olive oil has on corneal epithelial permeability was determined by fluorophotometry. Twenty-six healthy volunteers, who had no ocular or general disease and were not receiving any topical or systemic treatments, were studied. A Fluorotron Master fluorophotometer was used. Measurements were taken before and 45 min after the instillation of 40 microliters of a 2% aqueous solution of sodium fluorescein without preservatives. Basal corneal epithelial permeability, as well as the permeability 24 h after the instillation of 2% CsA-olive oil and of the solvent alone, were calculated. Under sterile conditions, the Sandimmun oral solution (Sandoz, Basel, Switzerland) was used to prepare the topical 2% CsA. Immediately after the 2% CsA-olive oil or the solvent alone were instilled, the volunteers complained of itching for approximately 1 h and developed punctate keratopathy, which improved the next day. Epithelial permeability 24 h after instillation of 2% CsA-olive oil increased 7.03 times (p < 0.001), and that of the solvent alone increased 6.68 times (p < 0.001). No differences in corneal permeability were found between CsA-olive oil and the vehicle (p = 0.651). We concluded that the olive oil used to dissolve CsA is responsible for the increased corneal epithelial permeability.
Rod structure of a phycoerythrin II-containing phycobilisome. II. Complete sequence and bilin attachment site of a phycoerythrin gamma subunit. (1993)

The major phycoerythrins of marine unicellular cyanobacteria Synechococcus spp. and those of red algae are isolated as stable complexes with the composition (alpha beta)6 gamma. The gamma subunits carry bilins and in this respect are unique among phycobilisome rod linker polypeptides. There has been no complete amino acid sequence data on any gamma subunit. Synechococcus sp. WH8020 phycoerythrin II (PE II) gamma subunit was isolated from purified PE II hexamers. Partial amino acid sequence determination showed that the gamma subunit was encoded by the mpeC gene, an open reading frame 275 base pairs 3' of mpeA and mpeB, which encode the alpha and beta subunits of PE II, respectively (Wilbanks, S. M., and Glazer, A. N. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 1226-1235). A single phycourobilin is attached through a thioether bond to gamma-Cys-49. Derivatization with 4-vinylpyridine showed that the only other cysteinyl residue, gamma-Cys-64, is unsubstituted. MpeC encodes a polypeptide of 293 residues with a predicted molecular weight of 32,100 and a pI of 8.9. These properties are like those of non-bilin-bearing linker polypeptides associated with C-phycoerythrin and hence the gamma subunit is designated gamma (LR32). Alignment of the sequence of the PE II-gamma with those of the latter polypeptides shows that PE II-gamma has a 49-residue extension at the N terminus, that encompasses the phycourobilin attachment site, and is shorter by a similar number of residues at the C terminus. These differences in linker polypeptide structure offer a possible explanation for the observed much higher stability of PE II hexamers relative to those of C-phycoerythrins.
Cloning, characterization, and sequencing of an accessory gene regulator (agr) in Staphylococcus aureus (1988)

We have previously identified a gene in Staphylococcus aureus, agr, whose activity is required for high-level post-exponential-phase expression of a series of secreted proteins. In this paper, we describe the cloning of this gene in Escherichia coli by using an inserted transposon (Tn551) as a cloning probe. The cloned gene, consisting of a 241-codon open reading frame containing the site of the transposon insertion, was recloned to an S. aureus vector, pSK265, and shown to be functional in S. aureus. Activity was evaluated by determinations of alpha-hemolysin, beta-hemolysin, and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 production in early-stationary-phase cultures. The cloned gene showed considerable variation with respect to different exoproteins and different host strains compared with the chromosomal agr determinant; this variation could not be attributed to the higher copy number of the cloned gene and probably reflects inapparent subtleties of the regulatory system.
Adenylate Kinase-catalyzed Phosphoryl Transfer Couples ATP Utilization with Its Generation by Glycolysis in Intact Muscle (1995)

We previously suggested that an importance of adenylate kinase (AdK) in skeletal muscle is to function as a high energy phosphoryl transfer system regulating ATP generation in correspondence with its consumption by specific cellular processes. The present experiments are intended to define the ATP-generating system coupled to and regulated by AdK-catalyzed phosphotransfer in skeletal muscle and also to examine the relationship between AdK- and creatine kinase (CK)-catalyzed phosphotransfer. Rates of phosphoryl transfer catalyzed by AdK were assessed in intact, isolated rat diaphragm by determining rates of AMP phosphorylation with endogenously generated [gamma-18O]ATP under conditions of altered anaerobic and aerobic ATP production. AdK-catalyzed phosphoryl transfer rates accelerated incrementally up to 12-fold in direct proportion to stimulated contractile frequency in parallel with equivalent increases in rates of ATP generation by lactate producing glycolysis. Stoichiometric equivalent increases of AdK-catalyzed phosphotransfer and anaerobic ATP production also occurred up to more than 20-fold when oxidative phosphorylation was impaired by either O2 deprivation or treatment with KCN or p-(trifluoromethoxy)-phenylhydrazone. These enhanced rates of AMP phosphorylation were balanced by virtually identically increased rates of AdK-catalyzed generation of AMP. This AMP was traced to arise from AdK-catalyzed phosphotransfer involving ADP generated by a muscle ATPase. Increased AdK-catalyzed phosphotransfer paired with the apparent compensatory increase in ATP generation by anaerobic glycolysis in oxygen-deprived muscle occurred coincident with diminished rates of CK-catalyzed phosphoryl transfer indicative of a pairing between oxidatively produced ATP and CK-catalyzed phosphotransfer. A metabolic model consistent with these results and conforming to the Mitchell general principle of vectorial ligand conduction is suggested.
Thermophotovoltaics: a potential pathway to high efficiency concentrated solar power (2016)

Thermophotovoltaics power block for concentrated solar power.
Microfluidic Fabrication of Perfluorohexane-Shelled Double Emulsions for Controlled Loading and Acoustic-Triggered Release of Hydrophilic Agents (2014)

The ability of low boiling point liquid perfluorocarbons (PFCs) to undergo a phase change from a liquid to a gas upon ultrasound irradiation makes PFC-based emulsions promising vehicles for triggered delivery of payloads. However, loading hydrophilic agents into PFC-based emulsions is difficult due to their insolubility in PFC. Here, we address this challenge by taking advantage of microfluidic technologies to fabricate double emulsions consisting of large aqueous cores and a perfluorohexane (PFH) shell, thus yielding high loading capacities for hydrophilic agents. Using this technology, we efficiently encapsulate a model hydrophilic agent within the emulsions and study its response to ultrasound irradiation. Using a combination of optical and acoustic imaging methods, we observe payload release upon acoustic vaporization of PFH. Our work demonstrates the utility of microfluidic techniques for controllably loading hydrophilic agents into PFH-based emulsions, which have great potential for acoustically triggered release.
Development of Toxic Degradation Products during Heat Sterilization of Glucose-Containing Fluids for Peritoneal Dialysis: Influence of Time and Temperature (1995)

To minimize the development of cytotoxic breakdown products, high temperatures over short periods of time should be used to heat-sterilize PD fluids. Even as small an increase as 5 degrees C at around 120 degrees C will improve the quality of the solutions.
ABT-869 a novel multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor: characterization of FLT3 phosphorylation in a model of acute myelogenous leukemia (2005)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005

5981 

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with dysregulated hematopoietic cell proliferation, and in 15-30% of AML patients the aberrant proliferation is a consequence of a mutation in the juxtamembrane region of the FLT3 gene (FLT3-ITD) that causes the kinase to be constitutively active. Clinically, the FLT3-ITD mutation is a negative prognostic factor in AML. ABT-869 is a potent small molecule inhibitor of FLT3, as well as other VEGFR and PDGFR family members. In vitro , ABT-869 inhibited the phosphorylation of KDR, PDGFRβ, c-Kit, and FLT3 in a variety of endothelial, engineered and cancer cell lines. The proliferation of MV-4-11 AML cells is dependent on the FLT3-ITD mutation and ABT-869 potently inhibited their proliferation (IC50 value of 4 nM), but was less effective against cells harboring wt-FLT3. In addition to inhibition of FLT3 phosphorylation in MV-4-11 cells, ABT-869 also inhibited the phosphorylation of the downstream kinase signaling molecules STAT5 and ERK. In vivo ABT-869 demonstrated pronounced regression of established MV-4-11 xenograft tumors and inhibition of FLT3 phosphorylation in the MV-4-11 tumors grown in the flank of SCID mice. As cells in normal human peripheral blood do not contain measurable amounts of FLT3, an ex vivo model was developed where AML cells were spiked into human blood, mimicking the clinical setting and enabling a more rigorous analysis of the effects of ABT-869. Human peripheral blood was taken from healthy donors, spiked with MV-4-11 cells, incubated with ABT-869 for 2 hr to inhibit the constitutive FLT3-ITD and lysed for analysis. Phosphorylated FLT3 was detected by immunoprecipitation with an anti-FLT3 antibody followed by Western analysis using a phosphotyrosine specific antibody (4G10). Inhibition of FLT3 phosphorylation was observed with an approximate IC50 value of 100 nM for ABT-869. Concentration-dependent inhibition of phosphorylation of STAT5 and ERK by ABT-869 were also observed in this AML model. In normal human bone marrow containing wild-type FLT3, ABT-869 inhibited FLT3 ligand-induced auto-phosphorylation with an IC50 value of 10 nM. These results provide some insight into the mechanism of action of ABT-869 that could be transferred to the clinical setting as a biomarker of ABT-869 activity.
RNA transfected dendritic cells as cancer vaccines. (2000)

Immunization with dendritic cells loaded with tumor antigens could represent a powerful method of inducing antitumor immunity. Studies from several laboratories have shown that immunization with dendritic cells pulsed with specific antigens prime cytotoxic T-cells and engender tumor immunity. This review will focus on the use of dendritic cells transfected with RNA as cancer vaccines, with emphasis on the potential advantages of using RNA. The majority of cancer patients who lack an identified tumor antigen and/or cannot provide sufficient tumor tissue for antigen preparation will be excluded from treatment with cancer vaccines based on using either specific tumor antigens or mixtures of tumor-derived antigens in the form of peptides or proteins isolated from tumor cells. Vaccination with the mRNA content of tumor cells would extend the scope of vaccination to this group of patients as well because RNA can be amplified from very few cancer cells.
Synthesis and catalytic properties of oxalic amidinato complexes (2001)

The oxalic amidine compounds C6H5NC(NHtBu)–C(NHtBu)=NC6H51 and C6H5NC{N(tBu)(SiMe3)}–C{N(tBu)(SiMe3)}=NC6H52 are described. The compound [(C6H5N)C(NHtBu)–C(NHtBu)(NHC6H5)][Br] 3* has been isolated from the reaction between 1 and [NiBr2(DME)]. Treatment of 1 with M(NMe2)4 (M = Zr or Ti), [Ta(NEt2)2Cl3(py)] or [Zr{N(SiMe3)2}3Cl] gives the bimetallic complexes [M(NMe2)3(C6H5N)C(NtBu)–]2 (M = Zr (4) or M = Ti (5)) and the mono-amidinato complexes [Ta(NEt2)Cl3{(C6H5N)C(NtBu)C(HNtBu)(NC6H5)}] 6* and [Zr{N(SiMe3)2}2Cl{(C6H5N)C(NtBu)C(HNtBu)(NC6H5)}] 7* respectively: * indicates the crystal structure has been determined. The activity toward ethylene polymerisation has been investigated for compounds 4, 5 and 7.
Towards real-time change detection in videos based on existing 3D models (2016)

Image based change detection is of great importance for security applications, such as surveillance and reconnaissance, in order to find new, modified or removed objects. Such change detection can generally be performed by co-registration and comparison of two or more images. However, existing 3d objects, such as buildings, may lead to parallax artifacts in case of inaccurate or missing 3d information, which may distort the results in the image comparison process, especially when the images are acquired from aerial platforms like small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Furthermore, considering only intensity information may lead to failures in detection of changes in the 3d structure of objects. To overcome this problem, we present an approach that uses Structure-from-Motion (SfM) to compute depth information, with which a 3d change detection can be performed against an existing 3d model. Our approach is capable of the change detection in real-time. We use the input frames with the corresponding camera poses to compute dense depth maps by an image-based depth estimation algorithm. Additionally we synthesize a second set of depth maps, by rendering the existing 3d model from the same camera poses as those of the image-based depth map. The actual change detection is performed by comparing the two sets of depth maps with each other. Our method is evaluated on synthetic test data with corresponding ground truth as well as on real image test data.