gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of melanoma with fractal dimensions (2002)

In this paper, we have been focused on the use of fractal concept in measuring the fuzziness of a mole. The box-counting method was used initially with two variations: fixed grid method and dynamic grid method. With the inherent difficulties in box-counting such as integral values of box sizes, we later investigated the variation method and the correlation method. However, the above methods depended on the segmentation result which separated a mole from its surrounding skin. In order to overcome the problem, we had experimented with two different methods which manipulated the intensities around the border of a mole. The first one calculated the size of the intensity surface area at different scales and the second method used the average absolute intensity difference of pixel pairs to obtain normalized fractional feature vectors. The paper reports the different ways of calculating the fractal dimensions and compares their differentiation power in the use of diagnosis of melanoma images.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Characterization of a monoclonal antibody specific for the HIV-1 precursor glycoprotein (1988)

HIV-1 infected Molt4-T4 cells provide an efficient system for the production of cellular precursor gp160 of HIV envelope glycoproteins, gp120 and gp41. The precursor gp160 was purified on an immuno-affinity column containing antibodies from sera of HIV-1-seropositive patients. The precursor gp160 was then isolated by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two out of four Balb/c mice, immunized with these purified preparations of gp160, developed specific circulating antibodies. A hybridoma cell line was subsequently isolated producing monoclonal antibody KL49/19 (IgG1, K) specific for gp160. This monoclonal antibody can specifically immunoprecipitate gp160, existing in HIV-1-infected cells. In an immunoblotting assay, it identifies mainly gp160 and shows a slight affinity for the mature glycoprotein, gp120. The monoclonal antibody is probably directed against an epitope in the polypeptide residue of gp160 since it can recognize a deglycosylated polypeptide of molecular weight 90,000, a product of gp160 digestion by endoglycosidase H (Endo H). It does not cross-react with any protein of HIV-2 by immunoblot or immunoprecipitation assays. By virtue of its specificity, the monoclonal antibody KL49/19 might provide a powerful probe with which to detect gp160 in cells which might partially express the HIV-1 genes.
Cross-metathesis of unsaturated natural oils with 2-butene. High conversion and productive catalyst turnovers (2005)

The cross-metathesis of synthetic and natural triglycerides containing unsaturated fatty acids with 2-butene can be achieved with high conversion and excellent productive turnovers. These reactions are catalysed by second-generation ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalysts and can be conducted at -5 degrees C in liquid 2-butene.
Syskill & webert: Identifying interesting web sites (1996)

We describe Syskill &amp;amp; Webert, a software agent that learns to rate pages on the World Wide Web (WWW), deciding what pages might interest a user. The user rates explored pages on a three point scale, and Syskill &amp;amp; Webert learns a user profile by analyzing the information on each page. The user profile can be used in two ways. First, it can be used to suggest which links a user would be interested in exploring. Second, it can be used to construct a LYCOS query to find pages that would interest a user. We compare six different algorithms from machine learning and information retrieval on this task. We find that the naive Bayesian classifier offers several advantages over other learning algorithms on this task. Furthermore, we find that an initial portion of a web page is sufficient for making predictions on its interestingness substantially reducing the amount of network transmission required to make predictions. 1 Introduction There is a vast amount of information on the World Wide Web...
Latent Transforming Growth Factor-β Binding Protein Domains Involved in Activation and Transglutaminase-dependent Cross-Linking of Latent Transforming Growth Factor-β (1997)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is secreted by many cell types as part of a large latent complex composed of three subunits: TGF-beta, the TGF-beta propeptide, and the latent TGF-beta binding protein (LTBP). To interact with its cell surface receptors, TGF-beta must be released from the latent complex by disrupting noncovalent interactions between mature TGF-beta and its propeptide. Previously, we identified LTBP-1 and transglutaminase, a cross-linking enzyme, as reactants involved in the formation of TGF-beta. In this study, we demonstrate that LTBP-1 and large latent complex are substrates for transglutaminase. Furthermore, we show that the covalent association between LTBP-1 and the extracellular matrix is transglutaminase dependent, as little LTBP-1 is recovered from matrix digests prepared from cultures treated with transglutaminase inhibitors. Three polyclonal antisera to glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins containing amino, middle, or carboxyl regions of LTBP-1S were used to identify domains of LTBP-1 involved in cross-linking and formation of TGF-beta by transglutaminase. Antibodies to the amino and carboxyl regions of LTBP-1S abrogate TGF-beta generation by vascular cell cocultures or macrophages. However, only antibodies to the amino-terminal region of LTBP-1 block transglutaminase-dependent cross-linking of large latent complex or LTBP-1. To further identify transglutaminase-reactive domains within the amino-terminal region of LTBP-1S, mutants of LTBP-1S with deletions of either the amino-terminal 293 (deltaN293) or 441 (deltaN441) amino acids were expressed transiently in CHO cells. Analysis of the LTBP-1S content in matrices of transfected CHO cultures revealed that deltaN293 LTBP-1S was matrix associated via a transglutaminase-dependent reaction, whereas deltaN441 LTBP-1S was not. This suggests that residues 294-441 are critical to the transglutaminase reactivity of LTBP-1S.
The Human Gene Encoding GM-CSF Is at 5q21-q32, the Chromosome Region Deleted in the 5q - Anomaly (1985)

Human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a 22,000-dalton glycoprotein that stimulates the growth of myeloid progenitor cells and acts directly on mature neutrophils. A full-length complementary DNA clone encoding human GM-CSF was used as a probe to screen a human genomic library and isolate the gene encoding human GM-CSF. The human GM-CSF gene is approximately 2.5 kilobase pairs in length with at least three intervening sequences. The GM-CSF gene was localized by somatic cell hybrid analysis and in situ hybridization to human chromosome region 5q21-5q32, which is involved in interstitial deletions in the 5q- syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia. An established, human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL60, contains a rearranged, partially deleted GM-CSF allele and a candidate 5q- marker chromosome, indicating that the truncated GM-CSF allele may reside at the rejoining point for the interstitial deletion on the HL60 marker chromosome.
Interaction of integration host factor from Escherichia coli with the integration region of the Haemophilus influenzae bacteriophage HP1 (1990)

The specific DNA-binding protein integration host factor (IHF) of Escherichia coli stimulates the site-specific recombination reaction between the attP site of bacteriophage HP1 and the attB site of its host, Haemophilus influenzae, in vitro and also appears to regulate the expression of HP1 integrase. IHF interacts specifically with DNA segments containing the att sites and the integrase regulatory region, as judged by IHF-dependent retardation of relevant DNA fragments during gel electrophoresis. The locations of the protein-binding sites were identified by DNase I protection experiments. Three sites in the HP1 attP region bound IHF, two binding sites were present in the vicinity of the attB region, and one region containing three partially overlapping sites was present in the HP1 integrase regulatory segment. The binding sites defined in these experiments all contained sequences which matched the consensus IHF binding sequences first identified in the lambda attP region. An activity which stimulated the HP1 site-specific integration reaction was found in extracts of H. influenzae, suggesting that an IHF-like protein is present in this organism.
pH Changes in smokeless tobaccos undergoing nitrosation during prolonged storage: Effects of moisture, temperature, and duration (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTpH Changes in smokeless tobaccos undergoing nitrosation during prolonged storage: Effects of moisture, temperature, and durationRoger A. Andersen, Pierce D. Fleming, Thomas R. Hamilton-Kemp, and David F. HildebrandCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1993, 41, 6, 968–972Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00030a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00030a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The antitumor activity of an anti-CD22 immunotoxin in SCID mice with disseminated Daudi lymphoma is enhanced by either an anti-CD19 antibody or an anti-CD19 immunotoxin (1992)

Abstract The antitumor activities of immunotoxins (ITs) constructed with deglycosylated ricin A chain (dgA) and either anti-CD19 (HD37) or anti- CD22 (RFB4) monoclonal antibodies were compared in SCID mice with disseminated human Daudi lymphoma (SCID/Daudi). As reported previously, after intravenous injection with Daudi cells, SCID mice develop disseminated lymphoma, which infiltrates the vertebral column and causes paralysis of the hind legs before death. The mean paralysis time (MPT) has been taken as an end point in this tumor model. We have previously reported that early treatment of SCID/Daudi mice with RFB4 coupled to dgA prolongs the MPT in a manner consistent with the killing of 4 logs of tumor cells. In the present study, we show that HD37-dgA kills 2 logs of tumor cells. The lower potency of the HD37-dgA is consistent with its lower IC50 on Daudi cells in vitro. We further show that the antitumor activity of a mixture of HD37-dgA and RFB4-dgA is significantly enhanced in SCID/Daudi mice and is consistent with the killing in excess of 5 logs of tumor cells. However, identical enhancement was observed when a mixture of the RFB4-dgA and the HD37 antibody was administered. In contrast, enhancement was not observed when mice were injected with a mixture of the RFB4 antibody and the HD37-dgA. The results indicate that a “cocktail” of HD37 antibody and RFB4-dgA immunotoxin can have significant antitumor activity in this mouse model of lymphoma and suggest that combinations of particular antibodies and ITs may have cooperative antitumor activity.
Purification and properties of 3-hydroxybutyryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase from Clostridium beijerinckii ("Clostridium butylicum") NRRL B593 (1992)

The enzyme 3-hydroxybutyryl-coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenase has been purified 45-fold to apparent homogeneity from the solvent-producing anaerobe Clostridium beijerinckii NRRL B593. The identities of 34 of the N-terminal 35 amino acid residues have been determined. The enzyme exhibited a native M(r) of 213,000 and a subunit M(r) of 30,800. It is specific for the (S)-enantiomer of 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA. Michaelis constants for NADH and acetoacetyl-CoA were 8.6 and 14 microM, respectively. The maximum velocity of the enzyme was 540 mumol min-1 mg-1 for the reduction of acetoacetyl-CoA with NADH. The enzyme could use either NAD(H) or NADP(H) as a cosubstrate; however, kcat/Km for the NADH-linked reaction was much higher than the apparent value for the NADPH-linked reaction. Also, NAD(H)-linked activity was less sensitive to changes in pH than NADP(H)-linked activity was. In the presence of 9.5 microM NADH, the enzyme was inhibited by acetoacetyl-CoA at concentrations as low as 20 microM, but the inhibition was relieved as the concentration of NADH was increased, suggesting a possible mechanism for modulating the energy efficiency during growth.
The structure of the chromophore within DsRed, a red fluorescent protein from coral (2000)

DsRed, a brilliantly red fluorescent protein, was recently cloned from Discosoma coral by homology to the green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea. A core question in the biochemistry of DsRed is the mechanism by which the GFP-like 475-nm excitation and 500-nm emission maxima of immature DsRed are red-shifted to the 558-nm excitation and 583-nm emission maxima of mature DsRed. After digestion of mature DsRed with lysyl endopeptidase, high-resolution mass spectra of the purified chromophore-bearing peptide reveal that some of the molecules have lost 2 Da relative to the peptide analogously prepared from a mutant, K83R, that stays green. Tandem mass spectrometry indicates that the bond between the alpha-carbon and nitrogen of Gln-66 has been dehydrogenated in DsRed, extending the GFP chromophore by forming C==N==C==O at the 2-position of the imidazolidinone. This acylimine substituent quantitatively accounts for the red shift according to quantum mechanical calculations. Reversible hydration of the C==N bond in the acylimine would explain why denaturation shifts mature DsRed back to a GFP-like absorbance. The C==N bond hydrolyses upon boiling, explaining why DsRed shows two fragment bands on SDS/PAGE. This assay suggests that conversion from green to red chromophores remains incomplete even after prolonged aging.
Magnetoencephalography as a Putative Biomarker for Alzheimer′s Disease (2011)

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common dementia in the elderly and is estimated to affect tens of millions of people worldwide. AD is believed to have a prodromal stage lasting ten or more years. While amyloid deposits, tau filaments, and loss of brain cells are characteristics of the disease, the loss of dendritic spines and of synapses predate such changes. Popular preclinical detection strategies mainly involve cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, magnetic resonance imaging, metabolic PET scans, and amyloid imaging. One strategy missing from this list involves neurophysiological measures, which might be more sensitive to detect alterations in brain function. The Magnetoencephalography International Consortium of Alzheimer's Disease arose out of the need to advance the use of Magnetoencephalography (MEG), as a tool in AD and pre-AD research. This paper presents a framework for using MEG in dementia research, and for short-term research priorities.
Proposal for a new all-optical waveguide functional device (1985)

A new type of all-optical logic gate is described that employs a single-mode waveguide, unequal-arm-length Mach-Zehnder interferometer fabricated using materials that exhibit an optical Kerr effect. Because of the unique properties of the single-mode Y junction, there is no reflected light output from the element. This interferometer is therefore suitable for digital signal processing because an optical isolator is not needed for connection as a serial array to achieve sharp on-off characteristics.
The design and implementation of a context switching FPGA (2002)

Dynamic reconfiguration of field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) has recently emerged as the next step in reconfigurable computing. Sanders, A Lockheed Martin Company, is developing the enabling technology to exploit dynamic reconfiguration. The device being developed is capable of storing four configurations on-chip and switching between them on a clock cycle basis. Configurations can be loaded while other contexts are active. A powerful cross-context data sharing mechanism has been implemented. The current status of this work and future work are described.
Inhibition of SIK2 and SIK3 during differentiation enhances the anti-inflammatory phenotype of macrophages (2016)

The salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) control a novel molecular switch regulating macrophage polarization. Pharmacological inhibition of the SIKs induces a macrophage phenotype characterized by the secretion of high levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-10, and the secretion of very low levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor α. The SIKs, therefore, represent attractive new drug targets for the treatment of macrophage-driven diseases, but which of the three isoforms, SIK1, SIK2 or SIK3, would be appropriate to target remains unknown. To address this question, we developed knock-in (KI) mice for SIK1, SIK2 and SIK3, in which we introduced a mutation that renders the enzymes catalytically inactive. Characterization of primary macrophages from the single and double KI mice established that all three SIK isoforms, and in particular SIK2 and SIK3, contribute to macrophage polarization. Moreover, we discovered that inhibition of SIK2 and SIK3 during macrophage differentiation greatly enhanced the production of IL-10 compared with their inhibition in mature macrophages. Interestingly, macrophages differentiated in the presence of SIK inhibitors, MRT199665 and HG-9-91-01, still produced very large amounts of IL-10, but very low levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, even after the SIKs had been reactivated by removal of the drugs. Our data highlight an integral role for SIK2 and SIK3 in innate immunity by preventing the differentiation of macrophages into a potent and stable anti-inflammatory phenotype.
Preferential amplification ofAURKA 91A (Ile31) in familial colorectal cancers (2005)

In a previous genome-wide effort we identified a novel candidate colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility locus by allelotyping tumors from familial and sporadic CRC patients. Familial cases harbored amplifications significantly more frequently in 20q13, indicating the presence of a putative oncogene within the amplicon. A kinase-encoding AURKA is located in 20q13 and recently a Phe31Ile (91T > A) change of AURKA was suggested to function as a low penetrance tumor-susceptibility factor. Association analysis suggested an increased cancer risk in 91A homozygous individuals. In addition, tumors from heterozygous individuals showed preferential amplification of 91A allele and were more aneuploid, important findings that have not been confirmed to date. To evaluate whether AURKA is a target for the observed 20q13 amplifications, we assessed the frequency of the 91T > A change and possible preferential amplification of either allele in 125 familial and 110 sporadic Finnish CRC cases. We observed a preferential amplification of 91A with a significant difference between the alleles in the familial group (p = 0.03). Furthermore, a trend between younger age at diagnosis and genotype in the familial group was observed (p = 0.06). Other possible AURKA germline variants were screened by sequencing 10 of the familial cases. The frequency and amplification patterns of the observed variants were assessed in a larger set of familial and sporadic CRC but no evidence on tumorigenic role of the other sequence alterations was obtained. Thus our results support the importance of AURKA 91A as a low penetrance CRC susceptibility factor.
Molecular mechanisms of fibrinolysis (2005)

The molecular mechanisms that finely co-ordinate fibrin formation and fibrinolysis are now well defined. The structure and function of all major fibrinolytic proteins, which include serine proteases, their inhibitors, activators and receptors, have been characterized. Measurements of real time, dynamic molecular interactions during fibrinolysis of whole blood clots can now be carried out in vitro. The development of gene-targeted mice deficient in one or more fibrinolytic protein(s) has demonstrated expected and unexpected roles for these proteins in both intravascular and extravascular settings. In addition, genetic analysis of human deficiency syndromes has revealed specific mutations that result in human disorders that are reflective of either fibrinolytic deficiency or excess. Elucidation of the fine control of fibrinolysis under different physiological and pathological haemostatic states will undoubtedly lead to novel therapeutic interventions. Here, we review the fundamental features of intravascular plasmin generation, and consider the major clinical syndromes resulting from abnormalities in fibrinolysis.
Genetic algorithms in multi-stage asset allocation system (2003)

This paper presents a decision-making process that incorporates genetic algorithms into a multi-stage asset allocation system. The objective function is to maximize one's economic utility or end-of-period wealth. The performance of our system is demonstrated by optimizing the allocation of cash and various stocks to Shenzhen market of China. Experiments are conducted to compare performance of the portfolios optimized by different objective functions in terms of expected return and standard derivation.
A novel grid interface for photovoltaic, wind-electric, and fuel-cell systems with a controllable power factor of operation (2002)

This paper presents a novel control for a grid interface, for interconnection of renewable energy sources with a three-phase utility, with a controllable power factor of operation. The total harmonic distortion in the line currents meets the 5% limit recommended by the IEEE 519-1992. The novel control strategy for operating the interface at unity or even slightly leading power factor is described and the simulation results are presented. The grid interface described is based on a novel topology for transferring power from the DC side to the three-phase AC system. It consists of a thyristor inverter where the firing angle can be kept at a constant value. The power flow from the DC source to the utility is controlled by two stepdown DC-DC converters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>