gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Field Analytical Chemistry (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTField Analytical ChemistryViorica Lopez-Avila and Herbert H. HillView Author Information Midwest Research Institute, California Operations, 555-C Clyde Avenue, Mountain View, California 94043-2211 Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630 Cite this: Anal. Chem. 1997, 69, 12, 289–306Publication Date (Web):June 15, 1997Publication History Published online15 June 1997Published inissue 1 June 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/a19700121https://doi.org/10.1021/a19700121review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1051Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chromatography,Ions,Mass spectrometers,Mass spectrometry,Sensors Get e-Alerts
Tumor necrosis factor-induced changes of gene expression in U937 cells. Differentiation-dependent plasticity of the responsive state. (1988)

TNF-alpha alone or in combination with IFN-gamma differentially affects the proliferation and differentiation of the human leukemic cell line U937 and two derivatives C27 and G3. All three cell lines express similar numbers of functional, high affinity receptors for both TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma. In C27 and G3 cells, TNF-alpha as well as IFN-gamma induced changes in steady state levels of specific mRNA, which appear to be associated with TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma diverse effects on cell growth and differentiation. Constitutive differences in membrane phosphorylation patterns suggest that altered transduction of TNF-alpha signals may account for the differential response of these three cell lines. Several lines of evidence indicate that C27 and G3 cells, when compared with parental U937 cells represent discretely higher stages of monocytic differentiation, suggesting that cellular differentiation may contribute to the development of resistance to the action of TNF-alpha.
Screening for candidate hepatic growth factors by selective portal infusion after canine Eck’s fistula (1991)

Completely diverting portacaval shunt (Eck's fistula) in dogs causes hepatocyte atrophy, disruption of hepatocyte organelles, fatty infiltration and low-grade hyperplasia. The effect of hepatic growth regulatory substances on these changes was assessed by constantly infusing test substances for four postoperative days after Eck's fistula into the detached left protal vein above the shunt. The directly infused left lobes were compared histopathologically with the untreated right lobes. In what has been called an hepatotrophic effect, stimulatory substances prevented the atrophy and increased hepatocyte mitoses. Of the hormones tested, only insulin was strongly hepatotrophic; T3 had a minor effect, and glucagon, prolactin, angiotensin II, vasopressin, norepinephrine and estradiol were inert. Insulin-like growth factor, hepatic stimulatory substance, transforming growth factor-alpha and hepatocyte growth factor (also known as hematopoietin A) were powerfully hepatotrophic, but epidermal growth factor had a barely discernible effect. Transforming growth factor-beta was inhibitory, but tamoxifen, interleukin-1 and interleukin-2 had no effect. The hepatotrophic action of insulin was not altered when the insulin infusate was mixed with transforming growth factor-beta or tamoxifen. These experiments show the importance of in vivo in addition to in vitro testing of putative growth control factors. They illustrate how Eck's fistula model can be used to screen for such substances and possibly to help delineate their mechanisms of action.
Restriction of Viral Replication by Mutation of the Influenza Virus Matrix Protein (2002)

The matrix protein (M1) of influenza virus plays an essential role in viral assembly and has a variety of functions, including association with influenza virus ribonucleoprotein (RNP). Our previous studies show that the association of M1 with viral RNA and nucleoprotein not only promotes formation of helical RNP but also is required for export of RNP from the nucleus during viral replication. The RNA-binding domains of M1 have been mapped to two independent regions: a zinc finger motif at amino acid positions 148 to 162 and a series of basic amino acids (RKLKR) at amino acid positions 101 to 105, which is also involved in RNP-binding activity. To further understand the role of the RNP-binding domain of M1 in viral assembly and replication, mutations in the coding sequences of RKLKR and the zinc finger motif of M1 were constructed using a PCR technique and introduced into wild-type influenza virus by reverse genetics. Altering the zinc finger motif of M1 only slightly affected viral growth. Substitution of Arg with Ser at position 101 or 105 of RKLKR did not have a major impact on nuclear export of RNP or viral replication. In contrast, deletion of RKLKR or substitution of Lys with Asn at position 102 or 104 of RKLKR resulted in a lethal mutation. These results indicate that the RKLKR domain of M1 protein plays an important role in viral replication.
Nonparametric Methods for Quantitative Analysis (3rd edition) (1997)

(1997). Nonparametric Methods for Quantitative Analysis (3rd edition) Journal of the Operational Research Society: Vol. 48, No. 8, pp. 853-853.
Diverse approaches for the enhancement of oral drug bioavailability (2011)

In conscious and co-operating patients, oral drug delivery remains the preferable route of drug administration. However, not all drugs possess the desirable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties which favor oral administration mainly due to poor bioavailability. This has in some cases led to the choice of other routes of administration, which may compromise the convenience and increase the risk of non-compliance. Poor bioavailability has necessitated the administration of higher than normally required oral doses which often leads to economic wastages, risk of toxicity, erratic and unpredictable responses. The challenge over the years has been to design techniques that will allow oral administration of most drugs, irrespective of their properties, to achieve a therapeutic systemic availability. This will be a worthy achievement since over 90% of therapeutic compounds are known to possess oral bioavailability limitations. In this review, an attempt has been made to explore various approaches that have been used in recent years to improve oral drug bioavailability, including physical and chemical means. This review strives to provide a comprehensive overview of advances made over the past 10 years (2000-2010) in the improvement of the oral bioavailability of drugs. Briefly, the design of prodrugs to bypass metabolism or to enhance solubility as well as modification of formulation techniques such as the use of additives, permeation enhancers, solubilizers, emulsifiers and non-aqueous vehicles have been discussed. Arising approaches, such as formulation modification techniques; novel drug delivery systems, which exploit the gastrointestinal regionality of drugs, and include the pharmaceutical application of nanotechnology as an emerging area in drug delivery; inhibition of efflux pumps; and inhibition of presystemic metabolism have been more extensively addressed. This critical review sought to assess each method aimed at enhancing the oral bioavailability of drugs in terms of the purpose, scientific basis, limitations, commercial application, as well as the areas in which current research efforts are being focused and should be focused in the future.
Size-controlled synthesis of thiol-derivatized gold clusters (2003)

Thiol-derivatized gold clusters (i.e. nano-sized gold crystals coated with a thiolate monolayer, Aun(SR)m, with m ≪ n) based on n-alkanethiols have been obtained by treatment of gold clusters embedded in poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) with thiols. Dodecanethiol (DDT), hexadecanethiol (HDT), and octadecanethiol (ODT) have been used. The polymer-embedded clusters were obtained by reduction of AuCl4− with ethylene glycol at temperatures ranging from 60 to 110 °C, in the presence of PVP as a stabilizer. This new synthesis route provides complete control over the cluster compound structure, since a variety of alkanethiol molecules can be used and the metal core size can be accurately varied by changing the reactive mixture composition (the PVP/HAuCl4 weight ratio). The obtained Au–DDT, Au–HDT, and Au–ODT compounds show a hydrophobic nature, are crystalline, and are thermally stable up to ca. 300 °C.
A Method for the Mass Isolation of Islets From the Adult Pig Pancreas (1986)

A method for mass isolation of islets from the pig pancreas is described. The procedure involves the use of an enzymatic and mechanical pancreatic digestion procedure followed by filtration and separation of the islets on Ficoll gradients. A remarkably high yield of purified islets has been obtained from the pig pancreas with this procedure. The islets are morphologically intact and respond to acute stimulation with glucose in vitro.
Lysine Acetylation Targets Protein Complexes and Co-Regulates Major Cellular Functions (2009)

Lysine acetylation is a reversible posttranslational modification of proteins and plays a key role in regulating gene expression. Technological limitations have so far prevented a global analysis of lysine acetylation's cellular roles. We used high-resolution mass spectrometry to identify 3600 lysine acetylation sites on 1750 proteins and quantified acetylation changes in response to the deacetylase inhibitors suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid and MS-275. Lysine acetylation preferentially targets large macromolecular complexes involved in diverse cellular processes, such as chromatin remodeling, cell cycle, splicing, nuclear transport, and actin nucleation. Acetylation impaired phosphorylation-dependent interactions of 14-3-3 and regulated the yeast cyclin-dependent kinase Cdc28. Our data demonstrate that the regulatory scope of lysine acetylation is broad and comparable with that of other major posttranslational modifications.
Structural Basis for Lack of ADP-ribosyltransferase Activity in Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-13/Zinc Finger Antiviral Protein (2015)

The mammalian poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family includes ADP-ribosyltransferases with diphtheria toxin homology (ARTD). Most members have mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. PARP13/ARTD13, also called zinc finger antiviral protein, has roles in viral immunity and microRNA-mediated stress responses. PARP13 features a divergent PARP homology domain missing a PARP consensus sequence motif; the domain has enigmatic functions and apparently lacks catalytic activity. We used x-ray crystallography, molecular dynamics simulations, and biochemical analyses to investigate the structural requirements for ADP-ribosyltransferase activity in human PARP13 and two of its functional partners in stress granules: PARP12/ARTD12, and PARP15/BAL3/ARTD7. The crystal structure of the PARP homology domain of PARP13 shows obstruction of the canonical active site, precluding NAD(+) binding. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that this closed cleft conformation is maintained in solution. Introducing consensus side chains in PARP13 did not result in 3-aminobenzamide binding, but in further closure of the site. Three-dimensional alignment of the PARP homology domains of PARP13, PARP12, and PARP15 illustrates placement of PARP13 residues that deviate from the PARP family consensus. Introducing either one of two of these side chains into the corresponding positions in PARP15 abolished PARP15 ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. Taken together, our results show that PARP13 lacks the structural requirements for ADP-ribosyltransferase activity.
Mechanisms of Soluble Cytokine Receptor Generation (2004)

Soluble cytokine receptors regulate inflammatory and immune events by functioning as agonists or antagonists of cytokine signaling. As such, they act within complex receptor systems that include signaling receptors, nonsignaling decoy receptors, receptor-associated proteins, and soluble receptor antagonists. Soluble cytokine receptors can be generated by several mechanisms, which include proteolytic cleavage of receptor ectodomains, alternative splicing of mRNA transcripts, transcription of distinct genes that encode soluble cytokine-binding proteins, release of full-length receptors within the context of exosome-like vesicles, and cleavage of GPI-anchored receptors. Furthermore, the important role of soluble cytokine receptors in regulating host defense mechanisms is evidenced by viruses that encode soluble homologues of mammalian receptors and thereby evade innate host immune responses via the sequestration of essential cytokines.
Emesis and anti-emesis. (1994)

From a consideration of the above evidence, it is possible to hypothesize that the 5-HT3 receptors, which are located both in the gut and in the AP/NTS, may play an important and perhaps pivotal part in the mechanism(s) of action of chemotherapy and radiotherapy to induce emesis in animals and humans and represent the anti-emetic sites of action of ondansetron and related agents (see Fig. 1). The value of ondansetron and the 5-HT3 receptor antagonists has been to greatly improve the treatment of nausea and emesis in the cancer patient and to cause a renaissance in emesis research. The 5-HT3 receptor antagonists have helped to redefine the phases of chemotherapy induced emesis and establish the first clear neurotransmitter links in the emetic reflex. It has also encouraged the analysis of emetic mechanisms that will identify further points for pharmacological intervention that may ultimately provide "broad spectrum" anti-emetic agents. Such compounds would further improve the quality of life and treatment of the cancer patient, leading to increased success in the treatment of malignant tumours.
Methylotrophic Methylobacterium Bacteria Nodulate and Fix Nitrogen in Symbiosis with Legumes (2001)

Rhizobia described so far belong to three distinct phylogenetic branches within the alpha-2 subclass of Proteobacteria. Here we report the discovery of a fourth rhizobial branch involving bacteria of the Methylobacterium genus. Rhizobia isolated from Crotalaria legumes were assigned to a new species, "Methylobacterium nodulans," within the Methylobacterium genus on the basis of 16S ribosomal DNA analyses. We demonstrated that these rhizobia facultatively grow on methanol, which is a characteristic of Methylobacterium spp. but a unique feature among rhizobia. Genes encoding two key enzymes of methylotrophy and nodulation, the mxaF gene, encoding the alpha subunit of the methanol dehydrogenase, and the nodA gene, encoding an acyltransferase involved in Nod factor biosynthesis, were sequenced for the type strain, ORS2060. Plant tests and nodA amplification assays showed that "M. nodulans" is the only nodulating Methylobacterium sp. identified so far. Phylogenetic sequence analysis showed that "M. nodulans" NodA is closely related to Bradyrhizobium NodA, suggesting that this gene was acquired by horizontal gene transfer.
Risk Factors and Causative Organisms in Microbial Keratitis (2008)

In this series, the most common risk factor for keratitis was contact lens wear and the most commonly isolated organism was P. aeruginosa.
Management of Cancer of the Prostate (1994)

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death from cancer among men; 25 percent of men with prostate cancer die of the disease1. Moreover, many patients who do not die of prostate cancer require treatment to ameliorate symptoms such as pain, bleeding, and urinary obstruction. Thus, prostate cancer is also a major cause of suffering and of health care expenditures.The high rate of mortality from prostate cancer may be due to late detection. In recent studies, screening for prostate cancer has combined the measurement of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) -- the most accurate single test for the . . .
Voiding dysfunction : diagnosis and treatment (2000)

Voiding dysfunction is a term for a collection of significant medical problems involving urinary incontinence, excessive urgency and frequency of urination, and incomplete emptying of the bladder, conditions that afflict many millions of Americans today and will become an ever more pressing concern with the "graying" of America. In Voiding Dysfunction: Diagnosis and Treatment, Rodney Appell, MD, and a host of respected clinical experts comprehensively summarize the state-of-the-art in the diagnosis and treatment of both neurogenic and nonneurogenic urinary problems in males and females alike. Tailored for use by today's busy practicing urologists, as well as all frontline physicians, this book provides the essential physiological background for classifying voiding dysfunctions, surveys the practical diagnostics for these dysfunctions, and reviews the available treatments, including pharmacologic therapy, electrical stimulation, and surgery. Special attention is paid to neurological problems that adversely affect voiding functions, among them stroke, MS, diabetes, and lumbar disc and spinal cord disorders. Urinary incontinence and retention, bladder outlet obstruction, and postprostatectomy incontinence are also fully examined. Informative, practical, and clinically relevant, Voiding Dysfunction: Diagnosis and Treatment brings to every physician's treatment room a first-class compendium of the latest scientific facts, the best methods of diagnosis, and the most appropriate and effective treatments for these disturbingly widespread disorders
Efficacy and quality of life after transcutaneous posterior tibial neuromodulation for faecal incontinence (2015)

Transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve neuromodulation provides good treatment for faecal incontinence in terms of efficacy and quality of life.
Susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori to bactericidal properties of medium-chain monoglycerides and free fatty acids (1996)

Previous studies have shown that various short- and medium-chain free fatty acids (FFAs) and their corresponding monoacylglycerol esters (MGs) have antibacterial activity in vitro against primarily gram-positive bacteria. More recent studies have also shown that the growth of Helicobacter spp. is inhibited by linoleic acid and arachidonic acid. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori to the in vitro bactericidal properties of medium-chain MGs and FFAs. Incubation of H. pylori with saturated MGs, ranging in carbon chain length from C10:0 to C14:0, at 1 mM caused a 4-log-unit or greater reduction in the number of viable bacteria after exposure for 1 h. Lower levels of bactericidal activity were observed with C9:0, C15:0, and C16:0 MGs. In contrast, lauric acid (C12:0) was the only medium-chain saturated FFA with bactericidal activity against H. pylori. The MGs and FFAs were bactericidal after incubation for as little as 15 min at neutral or acidic pHs. Higher levels of MGs and FFAs were required for bactericidal activity in the presence of higher amounts of protein in liquid diets. We also found that the frequency of spontaneous development of resistance by H. pylori was higher for metronidazole and tetracycline (10(-5) to 10(-6)) than for C10:0 MG, C12:0 MG, and C12:0 FFA (< 10(-8)). Collectively, our data demonstrate that H. pylori is rapidly inactivated by medium-chain MGs and lauric acid and exhibits a relatively low frequency of spontaneous development of resistance to the bactericidal activity of MGs. Further studies are needed to establish whether MGs may be useful either alone or with other known therapeutic agents in the management of H. pylori infections in humans.
Renal FcRn Reclaims Albumin but Facilitates Elimination of IgG (2009)

The widely distributed neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) contributes to maintaining serum levels of albumin and IgG in adults. In the kidney, FcRn is expressed on the podocytes and the brush border of the proximal tubular epithelium. Here, we evaluated the role of renal FcRn in albumin and IgG metabolism. Compared with wild-type controls, FcRn(-/-) mice had a lower t((1/2)) for albumin (28.7 versus 39.9 h) and IgG (29.5 versus 66.1 h). Renal loss of albumin could account for the former, suggested by the progressive development of hypoalbuminemia in wild-type mice transplanted with FcRn-deficient kidneys. Furthermore, serum albumin levels returned to normal in FcRn(-/-) recipients of wild-type kidneys after removing the native FcRn-deficient kidneys. In contrast, renal loss could not account for the enhanced elimination of IgG in FcRn(-/-) mice. These mice had minimal urinary excretion of native and labeled IgG, which increased to wild-type levels in FcRn(-/-) recipients of a single FcRn-sufficient kidney (t((1/2)) of IgG was 21.7 h). Taken together, these data suggest that renal FcRn reclaims albumin, thereby maintaining the serum concentration of albumin, but facilitates the loss of IgG from plasma protein pools.
Ureaplasma: Pathogen or Passenger in Neonatal Meningitis? (2009)

The significance of Ureaplasma species as pathogens in neonatal meningitis remains contentious. Using an illustrative case of a premature infant with Ureaplasma parvum meningitis, confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid cultures and both specific and 16s rDNA polymerase chain reaction, we discuss the epidemiology of Ureaplasma species, the difficulties involved in diagnosis and establishing pathogenicity, and the challenges in defining appropriate treatment.
EFFECT OF HISTOLOGICAL DAMAGE ON LONG-TERM KIDNEY TRANSPLANT OUTCOME (2001)

Early transplant damage occurs in the tubulointerstitial compartment from preexisting donor kidney injury and discrete events such as vascular rejection and DGF. Subsequent chronic damage and graft failure reflect accumulated previous injury and chronic interstitial fibrosis, vascular impairment, subclinical rejection, and injury from late rejection. CAN may be conceptualized as the sequelae of incremental and cumulative damage to the transplanted kidney. The duration of graft survival is dependent and predicted by the quality of the transplanted donor kidney combined with the intensity, frequency, and irreversibility of these damaging insults.