gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PCM-Graphite Composites for High Temperature Thermal Energy Storage (2006)

Latent thermal energy storage systems use the heat absorbed during melting and released during solidification of phase change materials (PCMs). From an energy efficiency point of view, PCM storage systems have the advantage that they operate with a small temperature difference between charging and discharging of the storage. Also, these storage systems have high energy densities compared to sensible heat storages assuming such energy efficient operation. PCMs considered for temperatures between 100 and 300°C are mainly anhydrous salts. Applications include industrial process heat utilisation and solar power generation using direct steam technology. However, there are heat transfer limitations on the storage design due to the low thermal conductivity of the salts. Major approaches to overcome this inadequate heat transfer are the enlargement of the heat exchanger surface or the use of composite latent heat storage materials (CLHSM). This work selects the latter, where the properties of the high latent heat of the PCM and the good thermal conductivity of graphite are combined. As a PCM, this work uses the equimolar composition of potassium nitrate (KNO3) and sodium nitrate (NaNO3) with a melting temperature of about 220°C. There is a variety of potential preparation routes for CLHSM and these processes have a decisive impact on the interconnectivity of the graphite. Generally a highly interconnected graphite matrix is desirable in order to achieve a high effective thermal conductivity. We present in this paper the preparation of CLHSM from graphite and the eutectic KNO3-NaNO3 by the compression and the infiltration route using natural graphite flakes, ground expanded graphite particles and compressed expanded graphite plates. This results in composites with a different level of interconnectivity of the graphite. The composites are characterized in terms of their effective thermal conductivity as a function of temperature using the laser-flash method. The impact of thermal cycling on the effective thermal conductivity, segregation, form stability and expansion of the CLHSM is also discussed. The CLHSM show a considerable enhancement of the thermal conductivity compared with those of the single PCM.
Clinical and immunologic effects of prolonged infusion of low-dose recombinant interleukin-2 after autologous and T-cell-depleted allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (1992)

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) can produce prolonged clinical remission in some patients with hematologic malignancies. Unfortunately, disease relapse may occur despite BMT. Studies in animal models and clinical experience have provided evidence that immunologic factors play an important role in preventing relapse post-BMT. To stimulate immunologic activity in patients post-BMT, we administered prolonged uninterrupted continuous infusions of low-dose recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2). Thirteen marrow recipients (seven autologous BMT, six CD6 T-depleted allogeneic BMT) received rIL-2 at a dose of 2 x 10(5) U/m2/d for a scheduled period of 90 days. rIL-2 was administered through a Hickman catheter with a portable pump beginning a median of 85 days after BMT. Toxicity was minimal and all treatment could be undertaken in the outpatient setting. No patient developed any signs of graft-versus-host disease, hypotension, or pulmonary capillary leak syndrome. Treatment did not affect the absolute neutrophil count or hemoglobin level, but eosinophils increased substantially in most patients. Platelet counts decreased by 20% in 10 of 13 individuals within 2 weeks, but stabilized thereafter. Despite the low dose of rIL-2 administered, significant immunologic changes were noted. Specifically, all 13 patients experienced a marked increase (fivefold to 40-fold) in natural killer (NK) cell number. Phenotypic characterization showed that the majority of NK cells were CD56bright+ CD16+ CD3-. In contrast, a minor increase in T-cell number was noted in only 4 of 13 patients. Low-dose rIL-2 treatment resulted in augmentation of in vitro cytotoxicity against K562 and COLO tumor targets. This cytotoxic activity could be dramatically enhanced by incubation with additional rIL-2 in vitro. The immunologic effects of rIL-2 treatment were similar in both autologous and allogeneic marrow recipients. Our data suggest that prolonged infusion of rIL-2 at low doses is safe and can selectively increase NK cell number and activity after BMT. Further studies to assess the impact these changes may have on disease relapse post-BMT will be undertaken.
Does Empirical Clostridium difficile Infection (CDI) Therapy Result in False-Negative CDI Diagnostic Test Results? (2013)

Empirical treatment for suspected CDI cases may result in false-negative PCR results if there are delays in stool specimen collection.
Synthesis of human fibroblast interferon by E. coli (1980)

A cDNA library was constructed using mRNA from human fibroblasts induced with poly(I):poly(C). A bacterial clone containing fibroblast interferon cDNA sequences was identified by hybridization to a cDNA probe synthesized using deoxyoligonucleotide primers which hybridize to fibroblast interferon mRNA specifically. Expression plasmids were constructed which permitted the synthesis in E. coli of 8 x 10(7) units of human fibroblast interferon per liter of culture. The bacterially produced fibroblast interferon is indistinguishable from authentic human fibroblast interferon by several criteria.
Organization and sequence of the human insulin-like growth factor I gene. Alternative RNA processing produces two insulin-like growth factor I precursor peptides. (1986)

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), a 70-amino acid basic polypeptide, plays a fundamental role in postnatal mammalian growth as a major mediator through which growth hormone exerts its biological effects. We have recently identified two human IGF-I cDNAs which predict distinct peptide precursors of 153 and 195 amino acids. In the present study, both cDNAs were used to isolate and characterize the human IGF-I gene from genomic libraries. The IGF-I gene extends over at least 45 kilobase pairs and contains five exons interrupted by four introns. The DNA sequence of exons 1 through 4 encodes the 195-amino acid precursor, while exons 1, 2, 3, and 5 code for the 153-residue peptide, confirming the hypothesis that at least two IGF-I mRNAs are generated by alternative RNA processing of the primary gene transcript. The structure of the IGF-I gene resembles that of its companion somatomedin, IGF-II, as judged by the analogous location of two introns and considerable nucleotide and amino acid sequence similarity, but appears more distantly related to other members of the insulin gene family. Restriction endonuclease polymorphisms in the IGF-I gene, which map near exon 5 as determined by Southern blot analysis, will be useful in defining the genetics of familial growth failure.
Cell therapy: achievements and perspectives. (1999)

The opportuneness of using LAK cells or activated natural killer (NK) cells in hematologic patients with low tumor burden (e.g. after stem cell transplantation) should be further explored. Moreover the role of new cytokines in enhancing the antineoplastic activity of NK cells and the infusion of selected NK in alternative to CTL for graft versus leukemia (GVL) disease (avoiding graft versus host disease (GvHD) seems very promising. Separation of GVL from GvHD through generation and infusion of leukemia-specific T-cell clones or lines is one of the most intriguing and promising fields of investigations for the future. Likewise, strategies devised to improve immune-reconstitution and restore specific anti-infectious functions through either induction of unresponsiveness to recipient alloantigens or removal of alloreactive donor T-cells might increase the applicability and success of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)
Structural Basis for Near Unity Quantum Yield Core/Shell Nanostructures (2006)

Aberration-corrected Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy of core/shell nanocrystals shows clear correlations between structure and quantum efficiency. Uniform shell coverage is obtained only for a graded CdS/ZnS shell material and is found to be critical to achieving near 100% quantum yield. The sublattice sensitivity of the images confirms that preferential growth takes place on the anion-terminated surfaces. This explains the three-dimensional "nanobullet" shape observed in the case of core/shell nanorods.
Collagen-Shield Delivery of Gentamicin and Vancomycin (1988)

The ability of collagen-shield therapeutic contact lenses to release gentamicin sulfate and vancomycin hydrochloride individually and in combination was investigated using a fluorescent polarization immunoassay. In vitro studies showed that presoaked collagen shields released the majority of gentamicin within the first 30 minutes of elution, while vancomycin was released gradually over six hours of elution. Three experiments in rabbits compared the gentamicin and vancomycin levels produced at five time points in tears, cornea, and aqueous humor by collagen shields soaked in antibiotics vs frequent-drop therapy. The collagen shields soaked in gentamicin, vancomycin, or a combination of the two produced tear, cornea, and aqueous humor levels that were generally higher or at least comparable with those achieved by frequent-drop therapy.
QoS Mapping over Hybrid Optical and Wireless Access Networks (2009)

In this paper, we propose a mechanism to provide quality of service (QoS) consistency over hybrid optical and wireless access networks. The proposed scheme utilizes QoS allocations by considering heterogeneous wireless service flows in the passive optical network (PON) system to guarantee the QoS consistency.
Automated driving and autonomous functions on road vehicles (2015)

In recent years, road vehicle automation has become an important and popular topic for research&#13;\nand development in both academic and industrial spheres. New developments received&#13;\nextensive coverage in the popular press, and it may be said that the topic has captured the&#13;\npublic imagination. Indeed, the topic has generated interest across a wide range of academic,&#13;\nindustry and governmental communities, well beyond vehicle engineering; these include computer&#13;\nscience, transportation, urban planning, legal, social science and psychology. While this&#13;\nfollows a similar surge of interest – and subsequent hiatus – of Automated Highway Systems&#13;\nin the 1990’s, the current level of interest is substantially greater, and current expectations&#13;\nare high. It is common to frame the new technologies under the banner of “self-driving cars”&#13;\n– robotic systems potentially taking over the entire role of the human driver, a capability that&#13;\ndoes not fully exist at present. However, this single vision leads one to ignore the existing&#13;\nrange of automated systems that are both feasible and useful. Recent developments are underpinned&#13;\nby substantial and long-term trends in “computerisation” of the automobile, with&#13;\ndevelopments in sensors, actuators and control technologies to spur the new developments in&#13;\nboth industry and academia. In this paper we review the evolution of the intelligent vehicle&#13;\nand the supporting technologies with a focus on the progress and key challenges for vehicle&#13;\nsystem dynamics. A number of relevant themes around driving automation are explored in&#13;\nthis article, with special focus on those most relevant to the underlying vehicle system dynamics.&#13;\nOne conclusion is that increased precision is needed in sensing and controlling vehicle&#13;\nmotions, a trend that can mimic that of the aerospace industry, and similarly benefit from&#13;\nincreased use of redundant by-wire actuators.
Aqueous organic chemistry. 1. Aquathermolysis: comparison with thermolysis in the reactivity of aliphatic compounds (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAqueous organic chemistry. 1. Aquathermolysis: comparison with thermolysis in the reactivity of aliphatic compoundsMichael Siskin, Glen Brons, Alan R. Katritzky, and Marudai BalasubramanianCite this: Energy Fuels 1990, 4, 5, 475–482Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00023a012RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views352Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (879 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Divergent Pro- and Antiinflammatory Roles for IL-23 and IL-12 in Joint Autoimmune Inflammation (2003)

Interleukin (IL) 23 is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of a p19 subunit and the p40 subunit of IL-12. IL-23 affects memory T cell and inflammatory macrophage function through engagement of a novel receptor (IL-23R) on these cells. Recent analysis of the contribution of IL-12 and IL-23 to central nervous system autoimmune inflammation demonstrated that IL-23 rather than IL-12 was the essential cytokine. Using gene-targeted mice lacking only IL-12 (p35-/-) or IL-23 (p19-/-), we show that the specific absence of IL-23 is protective, whereas loss of IL-12 exacerbates collagen-induced arthritis. IL-23 gene-targeted mice did not develop clinical signs of disease and were completely resistant to the development of joint and bone pathology. Resistance correlated with an absence of IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells despite normal induction of collagen-specific, interferon-gamma-producing T helper 1 cells. In contrast, IL-12-deficient p35-/- mice developed more IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells, as well as elevated mRNA expression of proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-17 in affected tissues of diseased mice. The data presented here indicate that IL-23 is an essential promoter of end-stage joint autoimmune inflammation, whereas IL-12 paradoxically mediates protection from autoimmune inflammation.
Molecular Biology of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase–Positive Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma (2002)

Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) provides an excellent example of how molecular insights into tumor pathogenesis are influencing and improving tumor classification. ALCL was described initially as a subtype of T-cell/null-cell lymphoma characterized by unusual tumor cell morphology and the expression of CD30. However, it was soon recognized that a subset of ALCLs contained chromosomal translocations involving anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), a novel receptor tyrosine kinase gene. These rearrangements create chimeric genes encoding self-associating, constitutively active ALK fusion proteins that activate a number of downstream effectors, including phospholipase C-gamma, phosphoinositol 3'-kinase, RAS, and signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins, all of which seem potentially important in cellular transformation. Not all tumors classified as ALCLs have ALK rearrangements and, conversely, ALK rearrangements occur in lymphomas of widely varying morphology. Hence, only molecular markers can reliably identify ALK+ ALCL. The importance of doing so is reflected by clinical studies suggesting that ALK+ ALCLs have a significantly better prognosis than other aggressive peripheral T-cell or B-cell lymphomas, including ALK- ALCLs. The unique molecular pathogenesis of ALK+ ALCL is likely to lead to novel therapeutic approaches directed at specific inhibition of ALK or downstream effectors.
Suttee (Sati) (2016)

Few practices are as controversial as sati/suttee, the burning of a Hindu widow on her husband's funeral pyre. Revered by some as a miraculous and meritorious act that embodies ideals of Hindu femininity, spirituality, and tradition, it is condemned by others as an act of manifest violence against women and an indicator of her subjugation and oppression. A site of conflict and debate in precolonial, colonial and postcolonial India, sati's social, cultural and political significance goes far beyond its limited numerical occurrence, intersecting with debates about women's rights, postcolonial modernity, and Hindu identity.
Target site search and effective inhibition of leukaemic cell growth by a covalently closed multiple anti-sense oligonucleotide to c-myb (2000)

Systematic secondary structure simulation of a target mRNA sequence is shown to be effective for locating a good anti-sense target site. Multiple selected anti-sense sequences were placed in a single molecule. The anti-sense oligonucleotide (oligo) was covalently closed to avoid exonuclease activities and was designated CMAS (covalently closed multiple anti-sense)-oligo. CMAS-oligo was found to be stable, largely preserving its structural integrity after 24 h of incubation in the presence of either exonuclease III or serum. When human c-myb mRNA was targeted by the c-myb CMAS-oligo, expression of the gene was completely abolished. Further, tumour cell growth was inhibited by 82+/-3% as determined by an MTT [3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide] assay and by 90+/-1% by [(3)H]thymidine incorporation. When a leukaemic cell line K562 was treated with CMAS-oligo, colony formation on soft agarose was also decreased by 93%. In contrast, treatment with a scrambled control oligo did not significantly inhibit leukaemic cell growth. These results suggest that a rational target site search is possible for an anti-sense oligo and that CMAS-oligo can be employed as an effective anti-sense agent with enhanced stability.
Interleukin-2 involvement in early acute respiratory distress syndrome: Relationship with polymorphonuclear neutrophil apoptosis and patient survival (2000)

Opposite and disproportional concentrations of IL-2 are observed in blood and lung fluids of patients with early ARDS. IL-2 significantly contributes (with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor) to the inhibition of PMN apoptosis in BAL fluids of patients with ARDS. Early low blood IL-2 and high IL-2-driven inhibition of PMN apoptosis are beneficial to survivors. Thus, IL-2 is a new candidate for monitoring in early ARDS and an interesting indicator of prognosis.
Sensitivity and Specificity of the Cozart Microplate EIA Cocaine Oral Fluid at Proposed Screening and Confirmation Cutoffs (2003)

COC ELISA had suitable sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency for identifying COC exposure at both the proposed SAMHSA and UK cutoffs. Sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency were >84% for both cutoffs, but 92 additional true-positive samples were identified with the SAMHSA cutoffs.
Long-term treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-infected cells with antisense oligonucleotide phosphorothioates. (1993)

The antiviral activity of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide phosphorothioates complementary to the tat gene, the gag mRNA, and the rev mRNA were studied in a long-term infection model. Three antisense oligonucleotides directed to the splice-acceptor site of the tat gene failed to suppress human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication at 1 microM concentration in long-term culture. In contrast, two oligodeoxynucleotide phosphorothioates (28-mer) complementary to the gag and the rev mRNAs inhibited viral replication for > 80 days, and the antiviral activity was sequence- and length-dependent. In addition, after pretreatment of cells we could reduce the concentration of the antisense oligodeoxynucleotides by > 10-fold and still maintain the inhibition of viral replication. These results suggest that chemotherapy for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection with antisense oligodeoxynucleotide phosphorothioates may be achieved by an initial high-dose treatment followed by a lower maintenance dose.
Structures of Orthoborate Anions and Physical Properties of Their Lithium Salt Nonaqueous Solutions (2002)

We compare the physical properties and solution conductivities of three new lithium orthoborate salts with those of the well-known salt lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI). The three new lithium salts are lithium bis(perfluoropinacolato)borate (LiBPFPB), lithium bis(oxalato)borate, and lithium bis(malonato)borate (LiBMB). Computational models of the three orthoborate anions show that the borate oxygens in anion are the least exposed. The oxygens are electronically identical in but not in the other anions. The three new lithium salts show conductivities that closely approach those of LiTFSI but show surprising and solvent-dependent orderings. The conductivity is nearly independent of the salt content in the salt concentration range of which is advantageous for their applications. Self-diffusivity measurements for and are presented and are consistent with the very high ionic dissociation levels proposed for these salts based on other evidence. The lithium-ion transport number at room temperature for LiBPFPB in nonaqueous solutions exceeds 0.5 and for LiBMB is about 0.4. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Design and Synthesis of Novel Indole β-Diketo Acid Derivatives as HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors (2004)

Diketo acids such as S-1360 (1A) and L-731,988 (2) are potent and selective inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase (IN). A plethora of diketo acid-containing compounds have been claimed in patent literature without disclosing much biological activities and synthetic details (reviewed in Neamati, N. Exp. Opin. Ther. Pat. 2002, 12, 709-724). To establish a coherent structure-activity relationship among the substituted indole nucleus bearing a beta-diketo acid moiety, a series of substituted indole-beta-diketo acids (4a-f and 5a-e) were synthesized. All compounds tested showed anti-IN activity at low micromolar concentrations with varied selectivity against the strand transfer process. Three compounds, the indole-3-beta-diketo acids 5a and 5c, and the parent ester 9c, have shown an antiviral activity in cell-based assays. We further confirmed a keto-enolic structure in the 2,3-position of the diketo acid moiety of a representative compound (4c) using NMR and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Using this structure as a lead for all of our computational studies, we found that the title compounds extensively interact with the essential amino acids on the active site of IN.