gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Properties of Tailored Morphology, Monodisperse Colloidal Silica-Cadmium Sulfide Nanocomposites (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Properties of Tailored Morphology, Monodisperse Colloidal Silica-Cadmium Sulfide NanocompositesSong-Yuan Chang, Lei Liu, and Sanford A. AsherCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 15, 6739–6744Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00094a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00094a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1996Altmetric-Citations217LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Detection of Viral Pathogens by Reverse Transcriptase PCR and of Microbial Indicators by Standard Methods in the Canals of the Florida Keys (1999)

In order to assess the microbial water quality in canal waters throughout the Florida Keys, a survey was conducted to determine the concentration of microbial fecal indicators and the presence of human pathogenic microorganisms. A total of 19 sites, including 17 canal sites and 2 nearshore water sites, were assayed for total coliforms, fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, enterococci, coliphages, F-specific (F(+)) RNA coliphages, Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium parvum, and human enteric viruses (polioviruses, coxsackie A and B viruses, echoviruses, hepatitis A viruses, Norwalk viruses, and small round-structured viruses). Numbers of coliforms ranged from <1 to 1, 410, E. coli organisms from <1 to 130, Clostridium spp. from <1 to 520, and enterococci from <1 to 800 CFU/100 ml of sample. Two sites were positive for coliphages, but no F(+) phages were identified. The sites were ranked according to microbial water quality and compared to various water quality standards and guidelines. Seventy-nine percent of the sites were positive for the presence of enteroviruses by reverse transcriptase PCR (polioviruses, coxsackie A and B viruses, and echoviruses). Sixty-three percent of the sites were positive for the presence of hepatitis A viruses. Ten percent of the sites were positive for the presence of Norwalk viruses. Ninety-five percent of the sites were positive for at least one of the virus groups. These results indicate that the canals and nearshore waters throughout the Florida Keys are being impacted by human fecal material carrying human enteric viruses through current wastewater treatment strategies such as septic tanks. Exposure to canal waters through recreation and work may be contributing to human health risks.
Transplantation of unrelated donor umbilical cord blood in 102 patients with malignant and nonmalignant diseases: influence of CD34 cell dose and HLA disparity on treatment-related mortality and survival (2002)

The potential benefits of unrelated donor marrow transplantation are offset by the immunologic complications of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and infection. Therefore, we used cryopreserved umbilical cord blood (UCB) as a strategy to reduce the risks of GVHD and treatment-related mortality (TRM) and improve survival. Data on 102 patients (median age 7.4 years) who received transplants between 1994 and 2001 for the treatment of malignant (n = 65; 68% were high-risk patients) and nonmalignant (n = 37) diseases were evaluated. Log-rank tests and Cox regression analyses were used to determine the effects of various demographic, graft-related, and treatment factors on engraftment, GVHD, TRM, relapse, and survival. As of October 15, 2001, the median follow-up was 2.7 years (range, 0.3-7.2). Incidences of neutrophil and platelet engraftment were 0.88 (CI, 0.81-0.95) and 0.65 (CI, 0.53-0.77), respectively. Notably, incidences of severe acute and chronic GVHD were 0.11 (CI, 0.05-0.17) and 0.10 (CI, 0.04-0.16), respectively. At 1 year after transplantation, proportions of TRM and survival were 0.30 (CI, 0.21-0.39) and 0.58 (CI, 0.48-0.68), respectively. In Cox regression analyses, CD34 cell dose was the one factor consistently identified as significantly associated with rate of engraftment, TRM, and survival. Despite the low incidence of GVHD, the proportion of patients with leukemia relapse at 2 years was 0.17 (CI, 0.00-0.38) and 0.45 (CI, 0.28-0.61) for patients with standard and high-risk disease, respectively. There is a high probability of survival in recipients of UCB grafts that are disparate in no more than 2 human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) when the grafts contain at least 1.7 x 10(5) CD34(+) cells per kilogram of recipient's body weight. Therefore, graft selection should be based principally on CD34 cell dose when multiple UCB units exist with an HLA disparity of 2 or less.
Neutralization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 by Antibody to gp120 Is Determined Primarily by Occupancy of Sites on the Virion Irrespective of Epitope Specificity (1998)

We investigated the relative importance of binding site occupancy and epitope specificity in antibody neutralization of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 (HIV-1). The neutralization of a T-cell-line-adapted HIV-1 isolate (MN) was analyzed with a number of monovalent recombinant Fab fragments (Fabs) and monoclonal antibodies with a range of specificities covering all confirmed gp120-specific neutralization epitopes. Binding of Fabs to recombinant monomeric gp120 was determined by surface plasmon resonance, and binding of Fabs and whole antibodies to functional oligomeric gp120 was determined by indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry on HIV-infected cells. An excellent correlation between neutralization and oligomeric gp120 binding was observed, and a lack of correlation with monomeric gp120 binding was confirmed. A similar degree of correlation was observed between oligomeric gp120 binding and neutralization with a T-cell-line-adapted HIV-1 molecular clone (Hx10). The ratios of oligomer binding/neutralization titer fell, in general, within a relatively narrow range for antibodies to different neutralization epitopes. These results suggest that the occupancy of binding sites on HIV-1 virions is the major factor in determining neutralization, irrespective of epitope specificity. Models to account for these observations are proposed.
Genes and Enzymes Involved in Caffeic Acid Biosynthesis in the Actinomycete Saccharothrix espanaensis (2006)

The saccharomicins A and B, produced by the actinomycete Saccharothrix espanaensis, are oligosaccharide antibiotics. They consist of 17 monosaccharide units and the unique aglycon N-(m,p-dihydroxycinnamoyl)taurine. To investigate candidate genes responsible for the formation of trans-m,p-dihydroxycinnamic acid (caffeic acid) as part of the saccharomicin aglycon, gene expression experiments were carried out in Streptomyces fradiae XKS. It is shown that the biosynthetic pathway for trans-caffeic acid proceeds from L-tyrosine via trans-p-coumaric acid directly to trans-caffeic acid, since heterologous expression of sam8, encoding a tyrosine ammonia-lyase, led to the production of trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid (coumaric acid), and coexpression of sam8 and sam5, the latter encoding a 4-coumarate 3-hydroxylase, led to the production of trans-m,p-dihydroxycinnamic acid. This is not in accordance with the general phenylpropanoid pathway in plants, where trans-p-coumaric acid is first activated before the 3-hydroxylation of its ring takes place.
Attomole Protein Characterization by Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry (1996)

Electrospray ionization with an ultralow flow rate (</=4 nanoliters per minute) was used to directly couple capillary electrophoresis with tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis and identification of biomolecules in mixtures. A Fourier transform mass spectrometer provided full spectra (>30 kilodaltons) at a resolving power of approximately 60,000 for injections of 0.7 x 10(-18) to 3 x 10(-18) mole of 8- to 29-kilodalton proteins with errors of <1 dalton in molecular mass. Using a crude isolate from human blood, a value of 28,780.6 daltons (calculated, 28,780.4 daltons) was measured for carbonic anhydrase, representing 1 percent by weight of the protein in a single red blood cell. Dissociation of molecular ions from 9 x 10(-18) mole of carbonic anhydrase gave nine sequence-specific fragment ions, more data than required for unique retrieval of this enzyme from the protein database.
Electrostatics of two charged conducting spheres (2012)

We prove that two charged conducting spheres will almost always attract each other at close approach, even when they have like charges. The one exception is when the two spheres have the same charge ratio that they would obtain by being brought into contact. In this case, they repel, and we derive an analytical expression for the force at contact, for any size ratio, generalizing a force formula for equal spheres obtained by Kelvin in 1853. We also give the electrostatic energy of two arbitrarily charged spheres, and its analytical forms at large and small separations. Expressions are derived for the surface charge densities of the two spheres. Attraction occurs between two positively charged spheres because of mutual polarization: one of the spheres obtains a negatively charged region (neighbouring the other sphere).
Active pneumatic control of centrifugal microfluidic flows for lab-on-a-chip applications (2015)

This paper reports a novel method of controlling liquid motion on a centrifugal microfluidic platform based on the integration of a regulated pressure pump and a programmable electromechanical valving system. We demonstrate accurate control over the displacement of liquids within the system by pressurizing simultaneously multiple ports of the microfluidic device while the platform is rotating at high speed. Compared to classical centrifugal microfluidic platforms where liquids are solely driven by centrifugal and capillary forces, the method presented herein adds a new degree of freedom for fluidic manipulation, which represents a paradigm change in centrifugal microfluidics. We first demonstrate how various core microfluidic functions such as valving, switching, and reverse pumping (i.e., against the centrifugal field) can be easily achieved by programming the pressures applied at dedicated access ports of the microfluidic device. We then show, for the first time, that the combination of centrifugal force and active pneumatic pumping offers the possibility of mixing fluids rapidly (~0.1 s) and efficiently based on the creation of air bubbles at the bottom of a microfluidic reservoir. Finally, the suitability of the developed platform for performing complex bioanalytical assays in an automated fashion is demonstrated in a DNA harvesting experiment where recovery rates of about 70% were systematically achieved. The proposed concept offers the interesting prospect to decouple basic microfluidic functions from specific material properties, channel dimensions and fabrication tolerances, surface treatments, or on-chip active components, thus promoting integration of complex assays on simple and low-cost microfluidic cartridges.
Connected to Death: The (Unexpurgated) Mitochondrial Pathway of Apoptosis (2005)

The mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis in vertebrates is dependent on the process of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), which leads to the release of proteins from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol. "Upstairs" of this event are the Bcl-2 family proteins that regulate and mediate MOMP; "downstairs" is the activation of caspases that orchestrate the dismantling of the cell. In the Connections Map database at Science's Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment (STKE), the pathways that define the mitochondrial pathway of apotosis are illustrated, with the bulk of control occurring "upstairs" of MOMP.
Distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles is allelic to hereditary inclusion body myopathy (2002)

DMRV is allelic to HIBM. Various mutations are associated with DMRV in Japan. The loss-of-function mutations in the GNE gene appear to cause DMRV/HIBM.
Analyzing the metastatic phenotype (1994)

The dissemination of cells from a primary tumor, resulting in the progressive growth of metastatic carcinoma in distant sites, is the most common cause of death of cancer patients. The observations from clinical studies and the results of experimental studies using rodent tumors and human cancer cells implanted into immunodeficient host animals suggest that metastasis is not a random event, but rather the result of a sequence of selective events, many of which involve interactions with elements of the microenvironment of the primary and metastatic tumors. Analysis of the metastatic potential of a human tumor cell population has been greatly improved by the introduction of orthotopic models of tumor growth and metastasis, which have demonstrated that implanting human tumor cells into the appropriate tissue in an immunodeficient rodent can increase both tumor take and incidence of metastasis. These will be the models that should be used to validate the identity of candidate metastasis-associated genes, and to determine the value of new forms of therapy, either genetic or pharmacological, for controlling metastatic cancer growth.
Automated negotiation with decommitment for dynamic resource allocation in cloud computing (2010)

We consider the problem of allocating networked resources in dynamic environment, such as cloud computing platforms, where providers strategically price resources to maximize their utility. Resource allocation in these environments, where both providers and consumers are selfish agents, presents numerous challenges since the number of consumers and their resource demand is highly dynamic. While numerous auction-based approaches have been proposed in the literature, this paper explores an alternative approach where providers and consumers automatically negotiate resource leasing contracts. Since resource demand and supply can be dynamic and uncertain, we propose a distributed negotiation mechanism where agents negotiate over both a contract price and a decommitment penalty, which allows agents to decommit from contracts at a cost. We compare our approach experimentally, using representative scenarios and workloads, to both combinatorial auctions and the fixed-price model used by Amazon's Elastic Compute Cloud, and show that the negotiation model achieves a higher social welfare.
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Activity Is Required for Progesterone Receptor Function: Novel Role for Cyclin A/Cdk2 as a Progesterone Receptor Coactivator (2004)

Our studies examining the role of the cell cycle-regulated kinase cyclin A/Cdk2 in progesterone receptor (PR) action have demonstrated that cyclin-dependent kinase activity is required for PR function and that cyclin A/Cdk2 functions as a PR coactivator. Although Cdk2 can phosphorylate PR, elimination of these phosphorylation sites has little effect on the ability of cyclin A/Cdk2 to stimulate PR activity. PR interacts with cyclin A and recruits cyclin A/Cdk2 to progestin-responsive promoters, stimulating transcription. Inhibition of Cdk2 activity abolishes progesterone-dependent activation of PR target genes in part through inhibition of PR-dependent recruitment of steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC-1) and subsequent histone H4 acetylation at the target promoter. In vitro studies revealed that the interaction between SRC-1 and PR is dependent upon phosphorylation of SRC-1. This heretofore-unknown mechanism provides a potential means for integrating the regulation of PR activity with cell cycle progression. Moreover, the ability of PR to recruit cyclin A/Cdk2 to target promoters provides locally elevated levels of kinase, which can preferentially facilitate phosphorylation-dependent interactions and enzymatic activities of coactivators at the target promoter.
Carbon Conversion Efficiency and Limits of Productive Bacterial Degradation of Methyl tert -Butyl Ether and Related Compounds (2007)

The utilization of the fuel oxygenate methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and related compounds by microorganisms was investigated in a mainly theoretical study based on the Y(ATP) concept. Experiments were conducted to derive realistic maintenance coefficients and K(s) values needed to calculate substrate fluxes available for biomass production. Aerobic substrate conversion and biomass synthesis were calculated for different putative pathways. The results suggest that MTBE is an effective heterotrophic substrate that can sustain growth yields of up to 0.87 g g(-1), which contradicts previous calculation results (N. Fortin et al., Environ. Microbiol. 3:407-416, 2001). Sufficient energy equivalents were generated in several of the potential assimilatory routes to incorporate carbon into biomass without the necessity to dissimilate additional substrate, efficient energy transduction provided. However, when a growth-related kinetic model was included, the limits of productive degradation became obvious. Depending on the maintenance coefficient m(s) and its associated biomass decay term b, growth-associated carbon conversion became strongly dependent on substrate fluxes. Due to slow degradation kinetics, the calculations predicted relatively high threshold concentrations, S(min), below which growth would not further be supported. S(min) strongly depended on the maximum growth rate mu(ma)(x), and b and was directly correlated with the half maximum rate-associated substrate concentration K(s), meaning that any effect impacting this parameter would also change S(min). The primary metabolic step, catalyzing the cleavage of the ether bond in MTBE, is likely to control the substrate flux in various strains. In addition, deficits in oxygen as an external factor and in reduction equivalents as a cellular variable in this reaction should further increase K(s) and S(min) for MTBE.
Current Techniques of Decompression of the Lumbar Spine (2001)

Lumbar spinal decompression is a commonly performed procedure. Although the conventional open techniques of decompression remain the gold standard of treatment, problems with paraspinal musculature denervation and resultant lumbar instability have focused attention on less invasive techniques. A multitude of spinal instrumentation systems have been developed to stabilize the spine and improve arthrodesis rates. A stronger emphasis on restoration of anterior column height and stability has increased the use of anterior interbody fusion devices. Developing technology is allowing for better visualization and possibly improved outcomes with minimally-invasive techniques. The results of all lumbar decompressive and stabilization procedures however, remain closely related to careful patient selection.
Diversity and linkage of replication and mobilisation genes in Bacillus rolling circle-replicating plasmids from diverse geographical origins (2002)

The prevalence, diversity and linkage of pTA-related plasmid rep and mob genes in 18 plasmids from three closely related species of Bacillus from diverse geographical locations have been investigated using PCR. pTA-related rep and mob sequences were both amplified from 13 of the 18 plasmids. For one plasmid, pBM9, only a pTA-related mob gene was amplified, whilst only a pTA-related rep gene was amplified from the Bacillus licheniformis plasmid pBL2. No products were amplified for either gene from two other B. licheniformis plasmids or from a larger 16-kb Bacillus subtilis plasmid, pBS6. Whilst simple gene detection suggests close linkage of both pTA-related rep and mob genes, on most of these plasmids, sequence analysis of amplified genes revealed more complex linkage relationships varying with geographical origin, plasmid size and bacterial host.
Synthesis of New Phosphine Imine Ligands and Their Effects on the Thermal Stability of Late-Transition-Metal Olefin Polymerization Catalysts (2002)

A series of α-phosphine imine hybrid ligands was successfully synthesized by nucleophilic substitution of di-tert-butylchlorophosphine or diphenylchlorophosphine on imine anions. These ligands exist as α-phosphine enamines before complexation, which tautomerize to α-phosphine imines upon coordination to Ni(II) or Pd(II). The Ni(II) and Pd(II) complexes with these P∧N ligands were prepared and fully characterized by NMR, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. While all the Ni(II)−P∧N complexes assume tetrahedral coordination geometry, the Pd(II)−P∧N complexes are square planar. Upon activation with MAO, the Ni(II) complexes were active for ethylene polymerization. Whereas the Ni(II)−P∧N complexes are less productive than the Brookhart Ni(II)−α-bis(imine) complexes and form polyethylenes with relatively low molecular weight, the thermal stabilities of these complexes upon activation are significantly higher than those of the corresponding Ni(II)−α-bis(imine) complexes. 13C NMR shows that the polyethylenes are highly branched and have branch-on-branches. In contrast, the Pd(II)−P∧N complexes were inactive for ethylene polymerization.
Reactor Configuration and Concentration Polarization in Methane Steam Reforming by a Membrane Reactor with a Highly Hydrogen-Permeable Membrane (2007)

To examine the effect of so-called "concentration polarization" on the performance of a membrane reactor with a highly hydrogen-permeable membrane, methane steam reforming was conducted, using a Pd/Ag membrane with a thickness of a few micrometers. First, the relation between the methane conversion and the hydrogen recovery was experimentally examined, and the relation was compared with that predicted by a rather simple simulation that assumes the instant achievement of equilibrium. When the hydrogen recovery was smallest, the experimental results agreed well with the simulation results. With increasing reaction pressure, the experimental methane conversion became lower than the simulated conversion. These results suggest that the reaction is limited by reduced hydrogen removal, because of the concentration polarization. The influence of concentration polarization was confirmed by the comparison of the experimental results of hydrogen permeation from a mixture of H2 and N2 with the simulation results based on the plug-flow model. It then was experimentally attempted to reduce the concentration polarization by changing the configuration of the reactor. The methane conversion was successfully improved using reactors that had narrower inner diameters and baffle plates, probably because of the reduction in concentration polarization. It was concluded that the reactor configuration was quite essential to make the best use of a membrane reactor with a highly permeable membrane.