gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Internationalizing ES&T (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVEditorialNEXTInternationalizing ES&TJerald L. SchnoorCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37, 13, 239APublication Date (Web):July 1, 2003Publication History Published online1 July 2003Published inissue 1 July 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es032490bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/es032490bnewsACS Publications. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views116Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (47 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Prilocaine in arthroscopy: Clinical pharmacokinetics and rational use (1985)

Prilocaine pharmacokinetics were determined in 60 patients receiving the drug by two different routes of administration (intra-articular and subcutaneous) during arthroscopy under local anesthesia with controlled pressure irrigation. Resorption of prilocaine by subcutaneous tissues was slow and did not lead to high serum levels. On the contrary, prilocaine resorption by the synovium was fast and induced a sharp serum peak (265.8 ± 163.5 ng/ml) in the hour after the end of the examination. The drug was completely eliminated from the blood after 24 hours, as the prilocaine t½ is about 5 hours. The first procedure was perfected to reduce the risk of methemoglobinemia, which occurred in four of 105 patients. Applied pressure was lowered to 100 mm Hg to prevent the escape of anesthetic solution into the soft tissue of the leg, the prilocaine concentration was reduced to 1 gm/L, and the arthroscope was only set up after a delay to allow the intra-articular anesthetic effect of prilocaine to become established. So far, 200 arthroscopies have been performed with this improved protocol without any problem. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1985) 38, 549–553; doi:10.1038/clpt.1985.222
Automated Parallel Solid-Phase Synthesis and Anticancer Screening of a Library of Peptide-Tethered Platinum(II) Complexes (2003)

The automated parallel solid-phase synthesis of a 36-member library of peptide-tethered platinum(II) complexes is described. The identity and quality of each product were confirmed by mass spectrometry and (1)H NMR. Subsequently, each compound was screened for in vitro anticancer activity by treating the A2780 (human ovarian carcinoma) cell line with two concentrations of the drugs (100 and 10 microM) in quadruplicate. The reduction of cell proliferation induced by the drugs at these concentrations was determined with the MTT colorimetric assay (MTT = 3-(4',5'-dimethylthiazol-2'-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and compared to cisplatin. Even though no very active library members could be identified, five apparently most active (8[1], 8[4], 8[10], 8[13], and 8[24]) and two inactive complexes (8[33] and 8[34]) were purified using gel permeation chromatography and fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy ((1)H, (195)Pt) and MS. The IC(50) values of these complexes and cisplatin in A2780 cells were subsequently determined using the MTT assay in a conventional manner. All seven complexes have an IC(50) above 100 microM, confirming the results generated by the assay at 100 and 10 microM of the crude reaction products.
Synthesis of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles with a High Crystalline Characteristics (2017)

석유 고갈의 시대에 저가이면서 반투명한 특징을 갖고 있는 염료감응형 태양전지(DSC)는 1991년 Grätzel의 연구결과 보고 이후 많은 주목을 받아왔다. 염료감응형 태양전지의 광전극의 빛 수확 성능을 증진시키고, 궁극적으로 광전변환효율을 향상시키기 위하여 다양한 구조를 갖는 산란층이 광전극 소재로 제안되었다. DSC 광전극의 산란층에서 산란의 중심으로는 지름이 250 – 300 nm 정도의 크기를 갖는 비교적 큰 이산화티탄 나노입자가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 변형된 졸겔 공정을 이용하여 약 300 nm 크기의 이산화티탄 나노결정을 합성하였다. XRD와 TEM 분석결과에 의하면, 합성된 이산화티탄 나노입자는 아나타제 상의 단결정 특성을 나타내었다. 합성된 이산화티탄 나노입자를 이용하여 스핀 코팅 공정으로 제조된 이산화티탄 박막의 광학적 투과율은 550 nm 파장에서 약 50%로 측정되었다. 이처럼 적당한 투과율은 DSC 산란층의 산란 중심으로 사용하기에 적합하며, DSC의 광전변환효율 향상에 적절하게 기여할 것으로 기대된다.
Requirement of Heparan Sulfate for bFGF-Mediated Fibroblast Growth and Myoblast Differentiation (1991)

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) binds to heparan sulfate proteoglycans at the cell surface and to receptors with tyrosine kinase activity. Prevention of binding between cell surface heparan sulfate and bFGF (i) substantially reduces binding of fibroblast growth factor to its cell-surface receptors, (ii) blocks the ability of bFGF to support the growth of Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts, and (iii) induces terminal differentiation of MM14 skeletal muscle cells, which is normally repressed by fibroblast growth factor. These results indicate that cell surface heparan sulfate is directly involved in bFGF cell signaling.
Encapsulation of Leiophron uniformis by Lygus lineolaris and its relationship to host acceptance behavior (1989)

Abstract In no‐choice tests Leiophron uniformis (Gahan) from the Southwestern United States readily attacked their reported hosts, Lygus hesperus Knight, L. lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), L. elisus Van Duzee, and a previously unreported host, L. desertinus Knight. Only 6.7% of the L. lineolaris attacked were successfully parasitized compared to 84–87% parasitization of the other species. Such low parasitism of L. lineolaris was obtained with both laboratory‐reared and field‐collected parasitoids. Two factors caused the low rate of parasitism of L. lineolaris. (1) This host successfully encapsulates most of the L. uniformis eggs oviposited in them. This is the first time such an immune response to a parasitoid has been demonstrated in the Heteroptera. (2) Female L. uniformis oviposit less frequently into L. lineolaris than into other hosts. Résumé Etude de l'encapsulation de Leiophron uniformis par Lygus lineolaris et de ses relations avec le comportement d'acceptation de l'hôte L'aptitude du braconide Leiophron uniformis à parasiter les larves de quatre espèces nuisibles importantes de Lygus a été examinée. Les espèces de Lygus signalées comme hôtes de L. uniformis: L. hesperus, L. lineolaris, L. elisus , et un hôte jamais signalé, L. desertinus ont été exposées séparément à des femelles de braconide. Les larves des quatre espèces sont fortement attaquées. Seules 6,7% des larves de L. lineolaris attaquées ont été parasitées avec succès, contre 84 à 87% pour les trois autres espèces. Ce faible taux de parasitisme de L. lineolaris était le résultat aussi bien des attaques de parasitoïdes récoltés dans la nature qu'élevés au laboratoire. Les larves de L. hesperus et L. lineolaris attaquées par les femelles de L. uniformis ont été disséquées. Seuls 12,8% des larves de L. lineolaris contenaient des indices de pontes contre 83,7% pour celles de L. hesperus. 66,7% des oeufs trouvés dans L. lineolaris étaient encapsulés. C'est la première fois qu'une telle réponse immunologique a été observée chez un hétéroptère. Le faible nombre d'oeufs pondus par la femelle du braconide montre qu'elle est capable de détecter l'inadéquation de L. lineolaris comme hôte et d'éviter de gaspiller ses oeufs en utilisant peu les larves attaquées.
Recent Advances in Cardiac Transplantation (1995)

The first decade of orthotopic heart transplantation featured the perfection of the surgical techniques, the use of immunosuppressive drugs, and the introduction of endomyocardial biopsy. Improved survival rates of 85 percent and 70 percent after one and five years, respectively, during the second decade of transplantation were directly attributable to cyclosporine, which reduced mortality from infectious complications. Despite this progress, rejection and infection remain the most important predictors of mortality during the first year after transplantation, and accelerated coronary artery disease is the chief impediment to long-term survival.1 Two socioeconomic matters — limited supplies of organs and costs — are . . .
A Mathematical Model of an In Vitro Experiment to Investigate Endothelial Cell Migration (2002)

Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels from existing ones, is an important, yet not fully understood, process and is involved in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetic retinopathy and solid tumour growth. Central to the process of angiogenesis are endothelial cells (EC), which line all blood vessels, and are capable of forming new capillaries by migration, proliferation and lumen formation. We construct a cell‐based mathematical model of an experiment (Vernon, R.B. and Sage, E.H. (1999) “A novel, quantitative model for study of endothelial cell migration and sprout formation within three‐dimensional collagen matrices”, Microvasc. Res. 57, 118–133) carried out to assess the response of EC to various diffusible angiogenic factors, which is a crucial part of angiogenesis. The model for cell movement is based on the theory of reinforced random walks and includes both chemotaxis and chemokinesis. Three‐dimensional simulations are run and the results correlate well with the experimental data. The experiment cannot easily distinguish between chemotactic and chemokinetic effects of the angiogenic factors. We, therefore, also run two‐dimensional simulations of a hypothetical experiment, with a point source of angiogenic factor. This enables directed (gradient‐driven) EC migration to be investigated independently of undirected (diffusion‐driven) migration.
Equivalent circuit parameter extraction of SAW resonators (2002)

It is demonstrated that a useful and accurate model for high-frequency SAW (surface acoustic wave) resonators can be extracted by successive applications of the EIA-512 method. This extraction technique is an adaptation of the Electronic Industries Association (EIA) standard for measurement of the equivalent electrical parameters of quartz crystal units. This method is based on separating the complicated circuits into subcircuits of a form that the EIA-512 procedure can reduce. Bond wire inductance and resistance and package capacitance have been included in this fashion. Once these elements have been extracted from the high-frequency, package parasitic resonance data, their effects are subtracted from the main resonance data by Z- and Y-parameter manipulations. Longitudinal modes can also be extracted in this manner. Two resonators that support the validity of the theory and assumptions are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
PTHrP Gene Expression in Cancer: Do All Paths Lead to Ets? (2005)

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) came to the attention of the scientific community in the mid-1980s because of its association with the paraneoplastic syndrome of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. Recently, a crucial role for the peptide has been identified in the metastatic growth of cancer cells in bone. Efforts to understand the peptide's role in these pathological processes have evolved into the study of PTHrP gene expression. Currently, regulation of the third PTHrP promoter is beginning to be understood in the context of activation of certain signaling pathways involved in the growth and progression of specific neoplasms. In addition, factors that modulate the entire PTHrP-transcriptional unit, as well as the stability of the mRNA, are being elucidated at the level of cis-acting sequences.
Interactive Learning of Spatial Knowledge for Text to 3D Scene Generation (2014)

We present an interactive text to 3D scene generation system that learns the expected spatial layout of objects from data. A user provides input natural language text from which we extract explicit constraints on the objects that should appear in the scene. Given these explicit constraints, the system then uses prior observations of spatial arrangements in a database of scenes to infer the most likely layout of the objects in the scene. Through further user interaction, the system gradually adjusts and improves its estimates of where objects should be placed. We present example generated scenes and user interaction scenarios.
Forward error correction in a 5 Gbit/s 6400 km EDFAbased system (1994)

For the first time, forward error correction (FEC) was used to improve the performance of a 5 Gbit/s 6400 km erbium doped fibre amplifier based system. Test results show that FEC significantly improves the system margin.
Briny lakes on early Mars? Terrestrial intracrater playas and Martian candidates (1993)

Recently, salt-rich aqueous solutions have been invoked in the preterrestrial alteration of the Nakhla and Lafayette SNC meteorites. The findings substantiate the long-standing suspicion that salts are abundant on Mars and, more importantly, that brines have played a significant role in Martian hydrogeological history. Adding to the growing body of evidence, I report here on the identification of several unusual intracrater high-albedo features in the ancient cratered highlands of Mars, which I interpret as possible saline playas, or salt pans.
Evidence That Tumor Necrosis Factor α Converting Enzyme Is Involved in Regulated α-Secretase Cleavage of the Alzheimer Amyloid Protein Precursor (1998)

The amyloid protein, Abeta, which accumulates in the brains of Alzheimer patients, is derived by proteolysis of the amyloid protein precursor (APP). APP can undergo endoproteolytic processing at three sites, one at the amino terminus of the Abeta domain (beta-cleavage), one within the Abeta domain (alpha-cleavage), and one at the carboxyl terminus of the Abeta domain (gamma-cleavage). The enzymes responsible for these activities have not been unambiguously identified. By the use of gene disruption (knockout), we now demonstrate that TACE (tumor necrosis factor alpha converting enzyme), a member of the ADAM family (a disintegrin and metalloprotease-family) of proteases, plays a central role in regulated alpha-cleavage of APP. Our data suggest that TACE may be the alpha-secretase responsible for the majority of regulated alpha-cleavage in cultured cells. Furthermore, we show that inhibiting this enzyme affects both APP secretion and Abeta formation in cultured cells.
Interaction between the DrosophilaCAF-1 and ASF1 Chromatin Assembly Factors (2001)

The assembly of newly synthesized DNA into chromatin is essential for normal growth, development, and differentiation. To gain a better understanding of the assembly of chromatin during DNA synthesis, we identified, cloned, and characterized the 180- and 105-kDa polypeptides of Drosophila chromatin assembly factor 1 (dCAF-1). The purified recombinant p180+p105+p55 dCAF-1 complex is active for DNA replication-coupled chromatin assembly. Furthermore, we have established that the putative 75-kDa polypeptide of dCAF-1 is a C-terminally truncated form of p105 that does not coexist in dCAF-1 complexes containing the p105 subunit. The analysis of native and recombinant dCAF-1 revealed an interaction between dCAF-1 and the Drosophila anti-silencing function 1 (dASF1) component of replication-coupling assembly factor (RCAF). The binding of dASF1 to dCAF-1 is mediated through the p105 subunit of dCAF-1. Consistent with the interaction between dCAF-1 p105 and dASF1 in vitro, we observed that dASF1 and dCAF-1 p105 colocalized in vivo in Drosophila polytene chromosomes. This interaction between dCAF-1 and dASF1 may be a key component of the functional synergy observed between RCAF and dCAF-1 during the assembly of newly synthesized DNA into chromatin.
The Role(s) Of Glucose Sensing In Diabetes: Informative, Archival, Or Control? (2005)

Glucose sensing in diabetes mellitus potentially serves three purposes: (i) informative, (ii) archival, (iii) control. To date the vast majority of those who undertake this activity on a routine basis have done so mainly for either the informative and/or the archival or recordkeeping purposes. Surprisingly few use the data for modifying insulin or drug therapy. This paper discusses glucose sensing in the context of the abandoned past, the existing present, and the potential future technologies. Glucose sensing for control is concluded to be its most valuable role, when benefit to the user is of ultimate importance.
Overexpression of an endogenous thionin enhances resistance of Arabidopsis against Fusarium oxysporum. (1997)

Thionins are antimicrobial proteins that are thought to be involved in plant defense. Concordant with this view, we have recently shown that the Arabidopsis thionin Thi2.1 gene is inducible by phytopathogenic fungi. Here, we demonstrate that constitutive overexpression of this thionin enhances the resistance of the susceptible ecotype Columbia (Col-2) against attack by Fusarium oxysporum f sp matthiolae. Transgenic lines had a reduced loss of chlorophyll after inoculation and supported significantly less fungal growth on the cotyledons, as evaluated by trypan blue staining. Moreover, fungi on cotyledons of transgenic lines had more hyphae with growth anomalies, including hyperbranching, than on cotyledons of the parental line. No transcripts for pathogenesis-related PR-1, PR-5, or the pathogen-inducible plant defensin Pdf1.2 could be detected in uninoculated transgenic seedlings, indicating that all of the observed effects of the overexpressing lines are most likely the result of the toxicity of the THI2.1 thionin. Our findings strongly support the view that thionins are defense proteins.
Reconstitution of Marrow-Derived Extracellular Matrix Ex Vivo: A Robust Culture System for Expanding Large-Scale Highly Functional Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2009)

The difficulty in long-term expansion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) using standard culture systems without the loss of their stem cell properties suggests that a critical feature of their microenvironment necessary for retention of stem cell properties is absent in these culture systems. We report here the reconstitution of a native extracellular matrix (ECM) made by human marrow cells ex vivo, which consists of at least collagen types I and III, fibronectin, small leucine-rich proteoglycans such as biglycan and decorin, and major components of basement membrane such as the large molecular weight proteoglycan perlecan and laminin. Expansion of human MSCs on this ECM strongly promoted their proliferation, retained their stem cell properties with a low level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and substantially increased their response to BMP-2. The quality of the expanded cells following each passage was further tested by an in vivo transplantation assay. The results showed that MSCs expanded on the ECM for multiple passages still retained the same capacity for skeletogenesis. In contrast, the bone formation capacity of cells expanded on plastic was dramatically diminished after 6-7 passages. These findings suggest that the marrow stromal cell-derived ECM is a promising matrix for expanding largescale highly functional MSCs for eventualuse in stem cell-based therapy. Moreover, this system should also be invaluable for establishment of a unique tissue-specific ECM, which will facilitate control of the fate of MSCs for therapeutic applications.
Flexible architectures for optical transport nodes and networks (2010)

Flexibility to support mesh topologies, dynamic capacity allocation, and automated network control and light path setup are key elements in the design of next-generation optical transport networks. To realize these capabilities, reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers with dynamic add/drop structures, embedded control planes, and lightpath characterization are required. This article presents the architectures and various ROADM implementations including colorless, directionless, and contentionless add/drop structures. The effect of scaling bit rates beyond 100 Gb/s on ROADM architectures is reviewed including providing variable channel bandwidth depending on bit rate. Automated provisioning and restoration using the GMPLS control plane and optical measurement approaches for lightpaths are also discussed.
Isomerization of an N-Heterocyclic Germylene to an Azagermabenzen-1-ylidene and Its Coupling to a Unique Bis(germylene) (2010)

N-Heterocyclic germylene LGe [L = CH{(C═CH2)(CMe)(N(aryl))2}, aryl = 2,6-iPr2C6H3] 1 reacts with HN(C6F5)2 solely to give the 1,4-addition product L′GeN(C6F5)2 2 (L′ = CH(CMe)2[N(aryl)]2), which contains a Ge(II)-N(C6F5)2 moiety. In contrast, HN(SiMe3)2 does not add to 1 but induces isomerization of 1 to generate the first N(aryl)H-substituted, heteroaromatic azagermabenzen-1-ylidene intermediate. The latter readily undergoes 1,4-addition to a second equivalent of 1 to form the unprecedented bis(germylene) 3, which contains two- and three-coordinate Ge(II) centers. The isomerization process and the nature of the six π-electron aromatic character of the C4NGe heterocycle in 2 are explored and supported by DFT calculations.
Effect of the Universal Base 3-Nitropyrrole on the Selectivity of Neighboring Natural Bases (2001)

[structure: see text] The effect of the universal base 3-nitropyrrole on the pairing selectivity of neighboring nucleosides has been determined for every combination of complementary and neighboring nucleosides. In a subset of cases the discriminatory ability of the neighboring nucleoside for its Watson-Crick complement is compromised. The results have implications for the hybridization of oligonucleotides that contain 3-nitropyrrole and suggest caution in the use of oligonucleotides that contain other universal bases.
Dual work function metal gate CMOS technology using metal interdiffusion (2001)

In this letter, we propose a new metal-gate CMOS technology that uses a combination of two metals to achieve low threshold voltages for both n- and p-MOSFET's. One of the gate electrodes is formed by metal interdiffusion so that no metal has to be etched away from the gate dielectric surface. Consequently, this process does not disturb the delicate thin gate dielectric and preserves its uniformity and integrity. This new technology is demonstrated for the Ti-Ni metal combination that produces gate electrodes with 3.9 eV and 5.3 eV work functions for n-MOS and p-MOS devices respectively.
Convenient Synthesis of Fluorinated Latexes and Core−Shell Structures by Miniemulsion Polymerization (2002)

Fluorinated latexes in the size range of 100−250 nm are made by the polymerization of miniemulsions of fluoroalkyl acrylates as fluorinated monomers under employment of rather low doses of protonated surfactants. In addition, it is shown that miniemulsifaction of mixed monomer species allows efficient copolymerization reactions to be performed with standard hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers in a joint heterophase situation, resulting either in core−shell latexes or in statistical copolymers. Contrary to the pure fluorinated polymers, those copolymers dissolve in organic solvents but still show the profitable interface properties of the fluorinated species.