gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of Respiratory Tract Absorption and Plasma Clearance of Horseradish Peroxidase in Guinea Pigs (1985)

Kinetics of Respiratory Tract Absorption and Plasma Clearance of Horseradish Peroxidase in Guinea Pigs. CONNER, M. W., CHAUDHURI, I., ROGERS, A. E., and AMDUR, M. O. (1985). Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 5, 99–104. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) absorption across the wall of the upper airway, monitored by the amount detected in the blood, is used to measure epithelial damage by toxins. Full details of kinetics of absorption and blood clearance have not been reported previously. We measured the kinetics under the experimental conditions used in testing toxins. HRP was administered to guinea pigs either by intraarterial injection of a 7.5 μg bolus (plasma clearance) or by intratracheal instillation of 1 mg (respiratory tract absorption). Plasma concentrations were monitored for 60 min. Plasma concentrations of HRP rose linearly with time after intratracheal instillation, reaching 236 ± 51 ng/ml (mean ± SE) at 60 min after instillation. HRP was cleared from the plasma rapidly after bolus injection. The elimination coefficient, k2, determined from the biphasic log normal plot, was 0.322 min−1. These data were used to estimate the kinetics of absorption across the respiratory epithelium. A single 3-hr exposure to an atmosphere containing 2.5 mg/m3 of submicrometer zinc oxide particles increased plasma concentration of HRP after intratracheal deposition (407 ± 63 ng/ml at 60 min) and had no effect on plasma clearance (k2 = 0.342 min−1). Therefore plasma concentrations of HRP measured after intratracheal deposition can be used as a sensitive indicator to evaluate the effects of inhalation of a test atmosphere on epithelial permeability, if plasma clearance kinetics are not altered by the exposure.
The Abbott IMx automated benchtop immunochemistry analyzer system. (1988)

We describe a new clinical laboratory instrument, the IMx, used to automate immunoassay testing in the clinical laboratory. The IMx incorporates a novel technology called Microparticle capture Enzyme ImmunoAssay (MEIA) for assays of high-molecular-mass analytes, and fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) for hapten assays. A front-surface fluorometer is used to quantify the enzymatic generation of fluorescent product at a rate proportional to the concentration of the analyte in an MEIA, and a fluorescence polarization optical system is used to quantify results in an FPIA. The microprocessor-based instrument uses a robotic arm with two degrees of freedom and a rotating carousel to process the samples for assay. One assay can be done on each of 24 patients' specimens in 30 to 40 min with "walk-away" automation. Calibration curves are stable for at least two weeks. Instrument control involves software-labeled "command keys," a numeric keypad, and an interactive display. Results are output to a thermal printer or computer interface.
Raman spectroscopy of PbS nanocrystalline semiconductors (1998)

We have studied the effect of crystalline size and surface roughness on Raman intensity for PbS nanocrystalline semiconductors of different crystalline sizes prepared by an electrochemical route. Rutherford back scattering spectroscopy provides the estimation of surface roughness, thickness, and composition of the PbS samples. The Raman spectrum shows a low-frequency wing at $\ensuremath{\sim}205 {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ besides the characteristic first order longitudinal optical phonon mode at $\ensuremath{\sim}210 {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ when excited with a laser of wavelength 514.5 nm. The observed variation of the Raman shifts, widths, and intensities of these two peaks have been discussed as a function of crystalline size. The low frequency wing is identified as a surface phonon mode. In addition to these two peaks, a peak at $271 {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and another at $415 {\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ are observed in good agreement with earlier reported results.
Thermomechanical properties of polyimide-epoxy nanocomposites from cubic silsesquioxane epoxides (2004)

Novel polyimide-epoxy organic–inorganic nanocomposites are prepared by in situ curing of polyamic acid macromolecules with two POSS epoxides, octa[(epoxycyclohexylethyl)dimethylsilyloxy]silsesquioxane (OC) and octa[(epoxyhexyl)dimethylsilyloxy]silsesquioxane (OH). Comparison between two series of nanocomposites from OC and OH provides a typical example of controlling the macro-scale properties by adjusting the nano-tether structure of the POSS molecules. DMA studies conclude that the crosslink densities of the polyimide-epoxy nanocomposites increase significantly; the nanocomposite networks are predominantly formed by the linkage between the terminal amine groups of the polyimide molecules and the epoxide groups of the POSS molecules. Furthermore, it is interesting to observe that although the crosslink densities of nanocomposites increase significantly, the compressive moduli, hardness and coefficients of thermal expansion change only slightly.
Protective Effect of Probiotics Strains in Ruminants (2012)

Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Vet Pathol, Anim Sci Fac Dracena, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Development of influenza A(H7N9) candidate vaccine viruses with improved hemagglutinin antigen yield in eggs (2015)

If influenza A(H7N9) viruses were to acquire sustained human-to-human transmissibility, the improved HA yield of the egg-passaged CVVs generated in this study could expedite vaccine manufacturing for pandemic mitigation.
Tracking people in mixed modality systems (2007)

In traditional surveillance systems tracking of objects is achieved by means of image and video processing. The disadvantages of such surveillance systems is that if an object needs to be tracked - it has to be observed by a video camera. However, geometries of indoor spaces typically require a large number of video cameras to provide the coverage necessary for robust operation of video-based tracking algorithms. Increased number of video streams increases the computational burden on the surveillance system in order to obtain robust tracking results. In this paper we present an approach to tracking in mixed modality systems, with a variety of sensors. The system described here includes over 200 motion sensors as well as 6 moving cameras. We track individuals in the entire space and across cameras using contextual information available from the motion sensors. Motion sensors allow us to almost instantaneously find plausible tracks in a very large volume of data, ranging in months, which for traditional video search approaches could be virtually impossible. We describe a method that allows us to evaluate when the tracking system is unreliable and present the data to a human operator for disambiguation.
Media composition for casual users (2003)

An application, called Movie-Recorder has interface elements which are designed to simplify two core activities of media composition: the capture of digital movies from analog devices and, the control and editing of the captured movies. MovieRecorder has been developed for digitizing Quicktime movies from 'live' or 'uncontrolled' sources, i.e. VCRs or cameras whose video frames cannot be accurately addressed by the computer. The focus is on live capture since such devices are now more widespread than controllable laserdiscs or frame-accurate VCRs. MovieRecorder is designed primarily for non-expert or casual users. Hence, the design goal was to keep the interface as simple as possible while providing motivated users adequate control over the recording process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Nimodipine treatment in poor-grade aneurysm patients (1988)

A multicenter, randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial of nimodipine in poor-grade aneurysm patients was carried out in 17 Canadian hospitals. Of 188 patients enrolled in the trial, 32 were excluded for protocol violations and two were excluded due to statistical considerations, leaving 154 patients for valid outcome analysis. Nimodipine treatment was associated with a significantly better outcome (p less than 0.001): 21 (29.2%) of 72 nimodipine-treated patients had a good outcome at 3 months after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) compared to eight (9.8%) of 82 placebo-treated patients. Delayed ischemic deficits from vasospasm alone were significantly less frequent in the nimodipine group (p less than 0.05) with permanent deficits occurring in five nimodipine-treated patients (6.9%) and in 22 placebo-treated patients (26.8%). Improvement in the good outcome rate and reduction in delayed ischemic deficits from vasospasm alone occurred in both Grade 3 and 4 patients, with no difference between nimodipine- and placebo-treated patients being found in Grade 5 patients. Repeat angiography after Day 4 was carried out in 124 patients. There was no significant difference in the incidence of moderate or severe diffuse spasm, which was seen in 64.3% of nimodipine-treated patients and 66.2% of placebo-treated patients. The authors conclude that nimodipine treatment in poor-grade patients with SAH results in an increase in the number of good outcomes and a reduction in the incidence of delayed neurological deterioration due to vasospasm. This effect occurs by a mechanism other than prevention of large-vessel spasm as visualized on angiography.
Functional assessment of non-heart-beating donor lungs: prediction of post-transplant function (2001)

The significant deterioration in oxygenating performance seen during assessment after 2 h warm ischaemia and the idiosyncratic function after 4 h warm ischaemia indicates the importance of functional testing of NHBD lungs. The similar deterioration in oxygenating performance seen post-transplantation in the contralateral lungs suggests that this method detects functional warm ischaemic lung injury.
The Multicentre European Radiofrequency Survey (MERFS): Complications of radiofrequency catheter ablation of arrhythmias (1993)

Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation has developed into a new non-pharmacological therapy for the definitive treatment of patients with cardiac arrhythmias. Although an increasing number of recent reports have indicated the widespread use of the procedure, no data are available to estimate the number of procedures performed in Europe. Furthermore, currently no data on a large series of patients are available that provide information on the risk of procedure-related complications. This report presents the results of the Multicentre European Radiofrequency Survey (MERFS) that was conducted by the Working Group on Arrhythmias of the European Society of Cardiology. The objectives of this voluntary retrospective survey were to assess the number of radiofrequency catheter ablation procedures performed in 86 European institutions from January 1987 until March 1992 and the incidence of procedure-related complications with respect to the different types of ablative procedures. A total of 4398 patients were reported on from 68 out of 86 institutions (79%) from 15 European countries that agreed to participate in MERFS. From 1987 to 1991, the number of patients who underwent RF ablation per year increased from 45 to 2000. In the first 3 months of 1992, a total of 1640 patients were reported on. The number of patients reported on in relation to the different types of ablative procedures were: ablation of atrial tachycardialatrial flutter: n = 141 (3.2%); ablation of the atrioventricular junction: n = 900 (20.5%); modification of the atrioventricular junction in atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia: n = 815 (18.5%); ablation of accessory pathway: n = 2222 (50.5%); ablation of ventricular tachycardia: n = 320 (7.3%). Procedure-related complications occurred in 223 patients (5.1%). The incidence of complications in relation to the ablative procedure was: ablation of atrial tachycardia/atrial flutter: 5.0%; ablation of the atrioventricular junction: 3.2%; modification of the atrioventricular junction in atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia: 8.0%; ablation of accessory pathway: 4.4%; ablation of ventricular tachycardia: 7.5%. Complications occurred significantly more often in patients who underwent modification of the atrioventricular junction in atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, when compared to ablation of the atrioventricular junction (P < 0.001) or ablation of accessory pathway (P < 0.001), and in patients who underwent ablation of ventricular tachycardia, when compared to ablation of the atrioventricular junction (P < 0.002) or ablation of accessory pathway (P < 0.02). The highest incidence of complications was reported after modification of the atrioventricular junction in atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
One in a Million: Flow Cytometric Sorting of Single Cell-Lysate Assays in Monodisperse Picolitre Double Emulsion Droplets for Directed Evolution (2014)

Directed evolution relies on iterative cycles of randomization and selection. The outcome of an artificial evolution experiment is crucially dependent on (i) the numbers of variants that can be screened and (ii) the quality of the assessment of each clone that forms the basis for selection. Compartmentalization of screening assays in water-in-oil emulsion droplets provides an opportunity to screen vast numbers of individual assays with good signal quality. Microfluidic systems have been developed to make and sort droplets, but the operator skill required precludes their ready implementation in nonspecialist settings. We now establish a protocol for the creation of monodisperse double-emulsion droplets in two steps in microfluidic devices with different surface characteristics (first hydrophobic, then hydrophilic). The resulting double-emulsion droplets are suitable for quantitative analysis and sorting in a commercial flow cytometer. The power of this approach is demonstrated in a series of enrichment experiments, culminating in the successful recovery of catalytically active clones from a sea of 1 000 000-fold as many low-activity variants. The modular workflow allows integration of additional steps: the encapsulated lysate assay reactions can be stopped by heat inactivation (enabling ready control of selection stringency), the droplet size can be contracted (to concentrate its contents), and storage (at -80 °C) is possible for discontinuous workflows. The control that can be thus exerted on screening conditions will facilitate exploitation of the potential of protein libraries compartmentalized in droplets in a straightforward protocol that can be readily implemented and used by protein engineers.
Regulation of actin organisation by TGF-β in H-ras-transformed fibroblasts (1999)

ABSTRACT The actin cytoskeleton undergoes architectural changes during the processes of cell transformation and tumourigenesis. Transforming growth factors β arrest cell cycle progression, regulate differentiation and modulate the onset of oncogenesis and tumourigenesis. Here, we investigated the direct role of transforming growth factor β-1 in altering the transformed phenotype and regulating the actin organisation of oncogenic fibroblasts that constitutively or inducibly express the H-ras oncogene. Following transforming growth factor β-1 treatment, these transformed fibroblasts undergo a dramatic morphological alteration that includes a discrete reorganisation of their actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesions. Quantitative biochemical analysis demonstrated that transforming growth factor β-1 potently induced polymerisation of globular to filamentous actin, thus corroborating the morphological analysis. The effect of transforming growth factor β-1 on the cytoskeleton correlates with the ability of this cytokine to suppress anchorage-independent growth of the transformed fibroblasts. Furthermore, transforming growth factor β-1 upregulates considerably the levels of the RhoB small GTPase and less the RhoA levels. Finally, The Rho GTPase inhibitor, C3 exotransferase, blocks the ability of TGF-β1 to induce cytoskeletal reorganisation. These findings indicate that transforming growth factor β can regulate cell morphology and growth in a concerted manner possibly via mechanisms that control the actin cytoskeleton.
Thrombospondin Mediates Calcium Mobilization in Fibroblasts via Its Arg-Gly-Asp and Carboxyl-terminal Domains (1995)

Thrombospondin is a matrix glycoprotein found in various cells that can modulate cell attachment, migration, and proliferation. We now show that intact soluble thrombospondin causes a transient [Ca2+]i increase in IMR-90 fibroblasts. This [Ca2+]i increase is mediated partly by the RGD-containing domain of thrombospondin that binds to the integrin alpha v beta 3 as demonstrated by inhibitor studies using anti-alpha v beta 3 antibody and RGD-containing peptides. A non-RGD and non-alpha v beta 3 component of this [Ca2+]i increase is mediated by the carboxyl-terminal domain of thrombospondin through an unidentified receptor on fibroblasts as shown by the antibody to the carboxyl-terminal of thrombospondin, C6.7. In addition, the carboxyl-terminal derived peptide, RFYVVMWK, also triggers [Ca2+]i increase in approximately 35% of fibroblasts. Both EGTA and Ni2+ block the entire [Ca2+]i increase indicating that this is due to an influx of extracellular Ca2+. B6H12, an antibody to the integrin-associated protein, blocks this [Ca2+]i increase by 50%, suggesting that some of the Ca2+ might be entering through an integrin-associated calcium channel. The current findings demonstrate that multiple domains on thrombospondin can trigger signal transduction events by increasing [Ca2+]i through their interactions with different cell receptors.
Stabilization of a hyaluronate-associated gene delivery system using calcium ions (2014)

A "DPH" ternary complex consisting of plasmid DNA (pDNA), intracellularly degradable polyethyleneimine, and hyaluronic acid (HA) is a promising non-viral gene carrier with low toxicity and good gene transfection efficiency. HA plays a key role in providing an optimal balance between DNA protection and release, but it causes aggregation due to the entanglement of HA chains of neighbouring DPH particles. Here we report that the addition of an optimal level of Ca<sup>2+</sup> successfully prevents particle aggregation and maintains a relatively small size. The Ca-stabilized DPH is comparable to DPH in cytotoxicity and gene transfection efficiency. MW monitoring and conductometric titration suggest that such size stabilization effect is partly mediated by the complexation between HA and Ca<sup>2+</sup>, which enables intra- and intermolecular interactions of HAs.
Platelet Autoantibodies in Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (1998)

In summary, the search for a useful clinical laboratory diagnostic assay for the antiplatelet antibodies has been long and difficult. Measurement of platelet associated IgG (PAIgG) has been disappointing as a way to detect autoantibodies. This is primarily due to the fact that platelets normally contain IgG in their alpha granules in an amount that varies with plasma IgG levels and age of the platelets. Furthermore, the amounts of platelet associated IgG is affected by the presence of circulating immune complexes, platelet activation, and drug dependent antibodies. The newer, platelet antigen capture techniques are promising, but further testing will be needed to confirm their value to the clinician. Methods that allow incubation of patient serum or plasma with intact platelets (MAIPA and immunobead) have greater sensitivity than techniques in which the patient antibody is tested against previously isolated platelet glycoproteins. These assays are currently available in a only a limited number of platelet immunology laboratories. Platelet autoantibodies are directed against a number of glycoprotein antigens on the platelet surface. Most studies have shown that anti GPIIb/IIIa antibodies are the most common, although antibodies against GPIb/IX and other targets are frequently detected. Many patients have multiple antiplatelet antibodies circulating simultaneously. The clinical significance of antibodies with different specificity is under investigation. The precise epitopes on GPIIIa that bind antiplatelet autoantibodies have been studied to a limited extent. Some investigators report that the vast majority of platelet antigens are conformation dependent, being destroyed by treatment with EDTA (separation of GPIIb and GPIIIa) or denaturation with detergents. Others report sequence specific peptide antigens. Further investigation promises to better define the targets for platelet autoantibodies; improved clinical management of patients with ITP is the long term goal of these studies.
Dispute resolution in aged care (2001)

Extract:A conflict of any kind provides fertile ground for resolution. A misunderstanding, a strong word, a mismatch of objectives provides an opportunity not only for dispute but therefore for reconciliation, understanding, and facilitated communication. But why are there so many of these situations in the aged care environment?
Staphylococcus aureusStrains That Express Serotype 5 or Serotype 8 Capsular Polysaccharides Differ in Virulence (2005)

Most isolates of Staphylococcus aureus produce a serotype 5 (CP5) or 8 (CP8) capsular polysaccharide. To investigate whether CP5 and CP8 differ in their biological properties, we created isogenic mutants of S. aureus Reynolds that expressed CP5, CP8, or no capsule. Biochemical analyses of CP5 and CP8 purified from the isogenic S. aureus strains were consistent with published structures. The degree of O acetylation of each polysaccharide was similar, but CP5 showed a greater degree of N acetylation. Mice challenged with the CP5(+) strain showed a significantly higher bacteremia level than mice challenged with the CP8(+) strain. Similarly, the CP5(+) strain survived preferentially in the bloodstream and kidneys of infected mice challenged with a mixed inoculum containing both strains. The enhanced virulence of the CP5(+) strain in vivo correlated with its greater resistance to in vitro killing in whole mouse blood. Likewise, in vitro opsonophagocytic killing assays with human neutrophils and sera revealed greater survival of the Reynolds (CP5) strain, even though the kinetics of opsonization by C3b and iC3b was similar for both the CP5(+) and CP8(+) strains. Electron micrographs demonstrated C3 molecules on the cell wall beneath the capsule layer for both serotype 5 and 8 strains. Purified CP5 and CP8 stimulated a modest oxidative burst in human neutrophils but failed to activate the alternative complement pathway. These results indicate that CP5 and CP8 differ in a number of biological properties, and these differences likely contribute to the relative virulence of serotype 5 and 8 S. aureus in vivo.