gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physiological effects and adjuvanticity of recombinant brushtail possum TNF‐α (1999)

The present paper describes the physiological properties of recombinant possum TNF-alpha and an adjuvant effect on antibody responses to the model protein antigen, keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH). For these studies recombinant possum TNF-alpha was produced in the yeast Pichia pastoris. The recombinant cytokine was secreted into the culture medium and purified by gel filtration. Possum TNF-alpha produced in this expression system was N-glycosylated and bioactive in two different assays. In a murine fibroblast L929 cytotoxicity assay, the possum TNF-alpha had lower specific activity compared to human TNF-alpha, while in a possum-specific assay, possum TNF-alpha enhanced the proliferation of PHA-stimulated possum thymocytes and was more active than human TNF-alpha. The physiological effect of the recombinant possum TNF-alpha was investigated in groups of possums administered doses of 6, 30 or 150 micrograms of cytokine. For each dose, TNF-alpha caused profound effects on the numbers of circulating leucocytes characterized by a three-to-four-fold increase in neutrophil numbers at 6-24 h after injection and an initial sharp decrease in lymphocyte numbers. The efficacy of TNF-alpha as an immunological adjuvant was determined in possums administered KLH (125 micrograms) in an aqueous or Al(OH)3-based formulation with or without added recombinant TNF-alpha (150 micrograms). Serum antibody responses to KLH were monitored by ELISA. The TNF-alpha stimulated two-fold and four-fold increases in antibody levels in aqueous and Al(OH)3-based vaccine formulations, respectively. The strongest antibody responses were observed in the group of possums that received KLH formulated in Al(OH)3 with addition of TNF-alpha.
Preparation, characterization, and in vitro release study of albendazole-encapsulated nanosize liposomes (2010)

The purpose of the present study was to formulate effective and controlled release albendazole liposomal formulations. Albendazole, a hydrophobic drug used for the treatment of hydatid cysts, was encapsulated in nanosize liposomes. Rapid evaporation method was used for the preparation of albendazole-encapsulated conventional and PEGylated liposomes consisting of egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) and cholesterol (CH) in the molar ratios of (6:4) and PC:CH: polyethylene glycol (PEG) (5:4:1), respectively. In this study, PEGylated and conventional liposomes containing albendazole were prepared and their characteristics, such as particle size, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro drug release were investigated. The drug encapsulation efficiency of PEGylated and conventional liposomes was 81% and 72%, respectively. The biophysical characterization of both conventional and PEG-coated liposomes were done by transmission electron microscopy and UV-vis spectrophotometry. Efforts were made to study in vitro release of albendazole. The drug release rate showed decrease in albendazole release in descending order: free albendazole, albendazole-loaded conventional liposomes, and least with albendazole-loaded PEG-liposomes. Biologically relevant vesicles were prepared and in vitro release of liposome-entrapped albendazole was determined.
The possible anti‐inflammatory role of circulating human leukocyte antigen levels in women with endometriosis after treatment with danazol and leuprorelin acetate depot (2001)

It is shown that one of the underlying causes of endometriosis may be the lack of both circulating class-I and class-II antigen levels. Danazol administration acts via an induced release of these antigens, whose presence correlates with the degree of the inflammatory alleviation obtained. We thus provide evidence that the inflammatory state of the disease appears to be associated with soluble HLA levels because, 3 months after ceasing therapy, the circulating antigens in the serum return to the same levels that correspond to the pathological condition.
Solution structure of an RNA stem–loop derived from the 3′ conserved region of eel LINE UnaL2 (2004)

The eel long interspersed element (LINE) UnaL2 and its partner short interspersed element (SINE) share a conserved 3' tail containing a stem-loop that is critical for their retrotransposition. Presumably, the first step of retrotransposition is the recognition of their 3' tails by UnaL2-encoded reverse transcriptase. The solution structure of a 17-nucleotide RNA derived from the 3' tail of UnaL2 was determined by NMR. The GGAUA loop forms a specific structure in which the uridine is exposed to solvent with the third and fifth adenosines stacked. A sharp turn in the phosphodiester backbone occurs between the second guanosine and third adenosine. When the uridine is mutated (but not deleted), all mutants form the loop structure, indicating that the loop structure requires an exposed fourth residue. The retrotransposition assay in HeLa cells revealed that retrotransposition requires the second guanosine, although any nucleoside functions at the fourth position, suggesting that UnaL2 reverse transcriptase specifically recognizes the 5' side of the GGANA loop.
Thirteenth international symposium on air breathing engines - Volume 1 - Symposium papers - September 7-12, 1997 - Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA (1997)

Keywords: turbines ; propulsion ; aeronautique ; aeroelasticite ; fatigue ; compresseurs ; transsonique ; supersonique ; cascades ; cycles ; combustion ; transfert de chaleur ; turbulence ; turbomachines ; turbine a gaz ; emissions ; vibration ; compresseur : radial ; refroidissement Reference Record created on 2005-11-18, modified on 2016-08-08
Interactions of Semliki Forest virus spike glycoprotein rosettes and vesicles with cultured cells. (1983)

Semliki Forest virus (SFV)-derived spike glycoprotein rosettes (soluble octameric complexes), virosomes (lipid vesicles with viral spike glycoproteins), and liposomes (protein-free lipid vesicles) have been used to investigate the interaction of subviral particles with BHK-21 cells. Cell surface binding, internalization, degradation, and low pH-dependent membrane fusion were quantitatively determined. Electron microscopy was used to visualize the interactions. Virosomes and rosettes, but not liposomes, bound to cells. Binding occurred preferentially to microvilli and was inhibited by added SFV; it increased with decreasing pH but was, in all cases, less efficient than intact virus. At 37 degrees C the cell surface-bound rosettes and virosomes were internalized via coated pits and coated vesicles. After a lag period of 45 min the protein components of the internalized ligands were degraded and appeared, as acid-soluble activity, in the medium. The uptake of rosettes and virosomes was found to be similar to the adsorptive endocytosis of SFV except that their average residence times on the cell surface were longer. The rosettes and the liposomes did not show low pH-induced membrane fusion activity. The virosomes, however, irrespective of the lipid compositions used, displayed hemolytic activity at mildly acidic pH and were able to fuse with the plasma membrane of cells with an efficiency of 0.25 that observed with intact viruses. Cell-cell fusion activity was not observed with any of the subviral components. The results indicated that subviral components possess some of the entry properties of the intact virus.
Updated perspective on the potential for thermionic conversion to meet 21st Century energy needs (1997)

Thermionic conversion is unique amongst power conversion approaches in its ability to generate power efficiently with high temperature heat rejection. This feature has made thermionics an attractive choice for space power systems; and it has substantial potential for terrestrial advanced energy conversion, if certain recently identified technological developments are realized in a low cost manner. Thermionic energy converters are well suited to a modular approach. Thermionics is a passive system without moving parts. Recently it has been shown that close spaced thermionic converters can achieve the performance goals necessary to meet attractive new terrestrial power applications. The paper addresses the progress in this regard and describes approaches for engineering practical closed spaced converters for large scale applications. Clearly the potential for thermionic energy conversion is great. Every effort must now be made to use this technology to help solve the world's energy problems. Investments in the manufacturing infrastructure necessary to make thermionic energy conversion cost effective are needed to reach this goal.
Design and use of an infrared Pupilometer for real-time pupil mapping in response to incremental illumination levels (2001)

The design of an infrared Pupilometer is discussed for real-time monitoring of pupil size, shape and position. Preliminary results from this instrument are presented and its application in modern refractive surgeries is discussed.
The Education of a Patron (1987)

There is no need here to recount the earlier history of patronage in England. Chaucer owed much to the favour of John of Gaunt and to the taste of Richard II; Gower tells us how he met King Richard on the Thames, and was commanded to write the Confessio Amantis;.King Henry VIII welcomed the poets to his court, as he welcomed all artists and scholars, whether Englishmen, Germans, or Italians, whom he could entice thither. In the first twenty years of Elizabeth's reign, apart from the Queen herself, there were courtiers who were glad to win reputation for patronage of the arts, and among them the Earl of Leicester held an honoured place. Thomas Drant, Archdeacon of Lewes, was not the most distinguished of those who addressed him as Maecenas, but he may speak for the others in some jog-trot lines to Leicester,KeywordsClassical MetreImperial CourtPure ScholarshipGood PoetryEditio PrincepsThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Reflectance spectroscopy for in vivo detection of cervical precancer (2002)

Optical technologies, in particular fluorescence spectroscopy, have shown the potential to provide improved detection methods for cervical neoplasia that are sensitive and cost effective through accurate, objective, instantaneous point-of-care diagnostic tools. The specific goals of this study were to analyze reflectance spectra of normal and neoplastic cervical tissue in vivo and to evaluate the data for use in diagnostic algorithm development. Spectroscopic measurements were obtained at four distinct source-detector separations from 324 sites in 161 patients. As the source-detector separation increases, greater tissue depth is probed. The average spectra of each diagnostic class differed at all source-detector separations, with the greatest differences occurring at the smallest source-detector separations. Algorithms, based on principal-component analysis and Mahalanobis distance classification, were developed and evaluated for all combinations of source-detector separations relative to the gold standard of colposcopically directed biopsy. The diagnostic combination of squamous normal versus high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions gave good discrimination with a sensitivity of 72% and a specificity of 81%; discrimination of columnar normal versus high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions also was good, with sensitivity of 72% and specificity of 83%. Thus, reflectance spectroscopy appears promising for in vivo detection of cervical precancer. Strategies that combine fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopy may enhance the discrimination capabilities.
Behavioral pharmacological studies of dental pain. Effects of incisor-amputation on emotional behavior in rats. (1988)

Wistar系雄性ラットを用い下顎切歯切断刺激による行動変化をオープンフィルド装置にて観察し以下の知見を得た。切断初期において, ラットのうずくまりは, start latencyの遅延として観察されたものの自発運動量 (LA) の変化としては認められなかった。LAは切歯切断後3から12時間後と時間が経つにつれて低下し, その低下は12時間後に最大となるものの24時間後には回復を示した。この切歯切断24時間後においてrearing, preeningといった探索行動や情緒の安定性を示す指標は低下した。他方, urination, defecationと言った恐怖並びに自律神経系の異常を示す指標の変化は認められずjumping, struggle response, scratching等の情動過多も認められなかった。この事から切断刺激は酢酸などの化学的刺激剤とは異なり一過性の刺激ではなく, 時間経過と伴に複雑な様相を呈する事が判明した。
Purification and Properties of Rat Liver Peroxisomal Very-Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Synthetase (1996)

It is generally accepted that there are two different acyl-CoA synthetases in rat liver peroxisomes. One is long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase, and the other very-long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase. Nowadays, the nature of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase is well-known, but that of very-long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase remains unclear. Very-long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase has been extracted from the washed membrane fraction of frozen rat liver peroxisomes with a buffer containing a detergent, and has been purified by chromatography on Ultrogel AcA 34, calcium phosphate gel/cellulose, blue dextran-Sepharose 4B and DEAE-Toyopearl. The molecular masses of the native enzyme and the subunit were estimated to be 235 and 70 kDa, respectively. This enzyme showed marked differences in behavior from long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase during purification. The carbon chain length specificity of very-long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase differed from that of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase. Very-long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase was active toward long- and very-long-chain fatty acids, but more active toward very-long-chain fatty acids compared with long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase. Antibodies against long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase did not cross-react to very-long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase. Based on these data, the final enzyme preparation is judged to be highly purified very-long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase from rat liver peroxisomes.
Intramyocardial platelet aggregation in patients with unstable angina suffering sudden ischemic cardiac death. (1986)

A specific search for intramyocardial platelet aggregates was made in 90 patients who died suddenly of ischemic heart disease. Platelet aggregates in small intramyocardial vessels were found in 27 (30%). There was a significant difference (p less than .05) in the incidence of platelet aggregates in patients with chest pain of recent onset (unstable angina) before death (16/36, 44.4%) and that in those without it (11/54, 20.4%). Multifocal microscopic necrosis with involvement of the full thickness of the ventricular wall, including the subpericardial zone, was significantly more common (p = less than .005) in the patients with platelet emboli (55.6% vs 12.7%). With one exception, aggregates were confined to the segment of myocardium immediately downstream of a major epicardial coronary artery containing an atheromatous plaque that had undergone fissuring and on which mural thrombus had developed. The results support the view that platelet aggregates in the myocardium represent an embolic phenomenon and are a potential cause of unstable angina. The association of myocardial necrosis with such emboli could precipitate sudden death from ventricular fibrillation.
Perspectives on Human Genetic Variation from the HapMap Project (2005)

The completion of the International HapMap Project marks the start of a new phase in human genetics. The aim of the project was to provide a resource that facilitates the design of efficient genome-wide association studies, through characterising patterns of genetic variation and linkage disequilibrium in a sample of 270 individuals across four geographical populations. In total, over one million SNPs have been typed across these genomes, providing an unprecedented view of human genetic diversity. In this review we focus on what the HapMap Project has taught us about the structure of human genetic variation and the fundamental molecular and evolutionary processes that shape it.
Icam ‐ melanoma cells are relatively resistant to cd3‐mediated t‐cell lysis (1990)

The primary activation pathway of T cells is via the T-cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 complex, which is functionally interrelated with various accessory molecules. We examined the contribution of the lymphocyte-function-associated antigen-I/intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (LFA-1/ICAM-1) interaction to CD3/TCR-mediated lysis by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). We used ICAM-I-or+ tumor cell lines as target cells and anti-CD3- or anti-LFA-1 containing hetero-cross-linked monoclonal antibody (MAb) to bridge CTL and target cells and simultaneously to activate CTL. The ICAM-1- melanoma-derived cell line IgR39 was relatively resistant to CD3-mediated lysis by both TCR alpha beta + and TCR gamma delta + CTL, when compared with ICAM-1+ cell lines. Induction of ICAM-1 on the membrane of IgR39 cells by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) rendered these cells more susceptible to CD3-mediated lysis. Anti-ICAM-1 MAb inhibited this TNF-enhanced susceptibility to lysis, directly demonstrating that the induction of ICAM-1 was critical in the TNF-induced increase in susceptibility to lysis of IgR39 cells. CTL formed less efficient conjugates with the ICAM-1- cells as compared to ICAM-1+ cells. Both spontaneous and CD3-induced conjugate formation as well as CD3-mediated lysis of ICAM-1- tumor cells by CTL were enhanced by the addition of anti-LFA-1 containing hetero-cross-linked MAb, thereby mimicking the LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction between CTL and target cells. Soluble anti-CD18 MAb inhibited CD3-mediated lysis of ICAM-1- target cells by CTL without affecting their conjugate formation. Anti-LFA-1 MAb added after conjugate formation still inhibited lysis of both ICAM-1+or- tumor cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that the LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction co-activates CD3/TCR-mediated lysis by CTL through both an enhanced CTL-target cell binding and the delivery of post-conjugate costimulatory signals.
Periodontal Disease and the Incidence of Tooth Loss in Postmenopausal Women (2005)

Periodontal disease, especially measured by alveolar bone loss, is a strong and independent predictor for incident tooth loss in postmenopausal women.
Polymer microfiber mechanical properties: A system for assessment and investigation of the link with fibrous capsule formation (2003)

A novel microtensile testing instrument was developed to assess the mechanical properties of small-diameter polyethylene, polyurethane, and polyester microfibers. The instrument had a root-mean-square error of 2.96 microN for force measurement and 1.91 microm for displacement measurement. Microfibers ranging in diameter from 1.0 to 10.9 microm were strained at 2 mm/s in the device, and the slopes of their stress-strain curves (material moduli) were determined. Correlations between material modulus and previously published data on fibrous capsule presence and thickness for implanted polyethylene, polyurethane, and polyester microfibers were investigated. Results for the 1.0-5.9-microm microfiber diameter range showed that neither the percentage of unencapsulated fibers nor the capsule thickness correlated well with modulus. Correlation coefficients were 0.04 and 0.09, respectively. However, for the 6.0-10.9 microm diameter range the correlations were strong, 1.00 for both percentage of unencapsulated fibers and capsule thickness. It is suggested that the results reflect the greater attachment and mechanical interaction of cells with microfibers for the 6.0-10.9 microm-diameter range than for the 1.0-5.9 microm-diameter range.
An Assessment of the Fit of a Parabolic Curve to Pre- and Post-Treatment Dental Arches (1989)

Study casts of the teeth are routinely used for diagnosis and to assess treatment change: the crowding of the teeth or shortage of space available within the dental arch is usually assessed visually. A full cast analysis program has been developed previously, making use of the three-dimensional Reflex Plotter linked to a computer. This study examines the validity of the fit of computer generated parabolic curves to dental arches, as performed in the measurement of crowding. Using a visual analogue method it was found that the parabola appeared to fit lower post-treatment dental arches best. However, reservations regarding the fit of symmetrical curves are expressed and other solutions suggested.
Immunogens consisting of oligosaccharides from the capsule of Haemophilus influenzae type b coupled to diphtheria toxoid or the toxin protein CRM197. (1985)

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) capsular polysaccharide (PRP) was selectively hydrolyzed to reducing oligosaccharides, and the fraction containing 3-10 ribosylribitolphosphate repeating units (VS) was conjugated by reductive amination to diphtheria toxin (DTx), its nontoxic derivative CRM197 (Dcr), or diphtheria toxoid (DTd). Conjugate DTx-VS retained approximately 1% of native toxicity, which was eliminated by treatment with formalin. Immunization of rabbits with the conjugates elicited antibody (Ab) to PRP and to DTx but not to a model for the linkage determinant. Human adults given single subcutaneous injections had rises in serum Ab to PRP and in bactericidal activity in vitro; the Ab protected infant rats challenged with Hib. Adults had rises also in Ab to DTd, and these Ab protected rabbits against DTx. A series of two injections of the conjugates Dcr-VS and DTd-VS was tested in infants beginning at 19-23 mo of age. Rises in anti-PRP Ab after the primary resembled the rises after PRP vaccine. In contrast to PRP, the conjugates elicited large rises after the secondary vaccinations and a substantial IgG component. Development of bactericidal activity paralleled the rises in anti-PRP Ab. Secondary rises after Dcr-VS were higher than after DTd-VS. In infants 12-16 mo of age, Dcr-VS (but not DTd-VS) elicited strong primary and secondary Ab responses that included IgG and bactericidal activity. Both conjugates produced consistent rises in Ab to DTd.
Surmounting Tumor-induced Immune Suppression by Frequent Vaccination or Immunization in the Absence of B Cells (2008)

Tumor-induced immune suppression is one of the most difficult obstacles to the success of tumor immunotherapy. Here, we show that established tumors suppress CD8 T cell clonal expansion in vivo, which is normally observed in tumor-free mice upon antigen-specific glycoprotein (gp) 96-chaperone vaccination. Suppression of CD8 T-cell expansion by established tumors is independent of tumor-associated expression of the antigen that is recognized by the CD8-T-cell receptor. Vaccination of tumor-bearing mice is associated with increased cellular recruitment to the vaccine site compared with tumor-free mice. However, rejection of established, suppressive tumors required frequent (daily) gp96 vaccination. B cells are known to attenuate T helper cell-1 responses. We found that in B-cell deficient mice, tumor rejection of established tumors can be achieved by a single vaccination. Accordingly, in tumor-free B-cell deficient mice, cognate CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte clonal expansion is enhanced in response to gp96-chaperone vaccination. The data have implications for the study of tumor-induced immune suppression and for translation of tumor immunotherapy into the clinical setting. Frequent vaccination with cellular vaccines and concurrent B-cell depletion may greatly enhance the activity of anticancer vaccine therapy in patients.