gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antisense TRPM-2 oligodeoxynucleotides chemosensitize human androgen-independent PC-3 prostate cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. (2000)

Although numerous chemotherapeutic regimens have been evaluated for patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer, none has improved survival. Testosterone-repressed prostate message-2 (TRPM-2), which is highly up-regulated after androgen withdrawal and during androgen-independent progression in prostate cancer, has been shown to inhibit apoptosis induced by various kinds of stimuli. The objectives in this study were to test whether antisense (AS) oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) targeted against TRPM-2 enhance chemosensitivity in human androgen-independent prostate cancer PC-3 cells both in vitro and in vivo. Initially, the potency of 10 AS ODNs targeting various regions of the TRPM-2 mRNA were evaluated, and the AS ODN targeted to the TRPM-2 translation initiation site (AS ODN#2) was found to be the most potent sequence for inhibiting TRPM-2 expression in PC-3 cells. Despite significant dose-dependent and sequence-specific suppression of TRPM-2 expression, AS ODN#2 had no effect on growth of PC-3 cells both in vitro and in vivo. However, pretreatment of PC-3 cells with AS ODN#2 significantly enhanced chemosensitivity of Taxol (paclitaxel) and mitoxantrone in vitro. Characteristic apoptotic DNA laddering and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase were observed after combined treatment with AS ODN#2 plus paclitaxel or mitoxantrone but not with either agent alone. In vivo administration of AS ODN#2 plus either paclitaxel or mitoxantrone significantly decreased PC-3 tumor volume by 80 or 60%, respectively, compared with mismatch control ODN plus either paclitaxel or mitoxantrone. In addition, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling staining revealed increased apoptotic cells in tumors treated with AS ODN#2 plus paclitaxel or mitoxantrone. These findings confirm that TRPM-2 overexpression confers resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy in prostate cancer cells and illustrates the potential utility of combined treatment with AS TRPM-2 ODN plus chemotherapeutic agents for patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
Metabolic Engineering of Ammonium Assimilation in Xylose-Fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae Improves Ethanol Production (2003)

Cofactor imbalance impedes xylose assimilation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that has been metabolically engineered for xylose utilization. To improve cofactor use, we modified ammonia assimilation in recombinant S. cerevisiae by deleting GDH1, which encodes an NADPH-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase, and by overexpressing either GDH2, which encodes an NADH-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase, or GLT1 and GLN1, which encode the GS-GOGAT complex. Overexpression of GDH2 increased ethanol yield from 0.43 to 0.51 mol of carbon (Cmol) Cmol(-1), mainly by reducing xylitol excretion by 44%. Overexpression of the GS-GOGAT complex did not improve conversion of xylose to ethanol during batch cultivation, but it increased ethanol yield by 16% in carbon-limited continuous cultivation at a low dilution rate.
Synthesis of chiral piperazin-2-ones as model peptidomimetics (1989)

The enantiospecific synthesis of (3S,6R)-6-ethoxycarbonyl-3-(p-hydroxybenzyl)piperazin-2-one (1) and (3S)-1-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)-3-(p-hydroxybenzyl)piperazin-2-one (2) and their enantiomers is described. The chiral C-6 centre of (1) is generated by a regiospecific protonation of the enamide precursor.
Staffing National Health Care Reform: A Role for Advanced Practice Nurses (1993)

Expanding access and coverage while containing costs can only be accomplished by getting more health care value for our money. Two facts about our current system make this seem possible. First, the currently uninsured are not costless. Providing stop-gap health care to those who lack health insurance is extremely expensive -- people without formal coverage cannot afford preventive services, delay treatment of illness and face substantial barriers to reaching appropriate providers. When they receive care, it is often degrading, usually complicated and costly, and more than occasionally too late. The cost of this "uncompensated" care is borne by all of us in higher prices for our own health insurance, in taxes and in the federal deficit. Moreover, this cost is not distributed evenly, and reduces our ability to determine whether the price of our own health care is fair. In addition, the need for "last resort" care for the uninsured locks us into continued support of aging "public" health facilities that are often underequipped and inefficient. The second characteristic of our current system is that the utilization of health care services is tremendously wasteful. Gaps in our knowledge as to what works and what doesn't, fee-for-service payment that creates incentives to do more rather than less, lack of coordination between providers, high patient expectations and fear of malpractice litigation all predispose to overutilization. We are fascinated by expensive technology, and use it uncritically. Moreover, these influences have elevated the illness-based model of care over the health-based model. As a result, a disproportionate amount of our health care budget is devoted to the treatment of acute illness, often in institutional settings, rather than to primary, preventive and long-term community and home-based care. These observations suggest a prescription for change. Improving the cost effectiveness of health care delivery -- in particular by emphasizing preventive and primary care and adopting a more discriminating approach to the use of expensive, referral services -- can free up the resources needed to include all Americans in the health care system. This effort must be undertaken by health care providers, by communities and by government.
Pancreatectomy using the no-touch isolation technique followed by extensive intraoperative peritoneal lavage to prevent cancer cell dissemination: a pilot study. (2005)

This study presented the potential of cancer dissemination during the intraoperative manipulation of tumors and its contribution to cancer recurrence, as well as the significance of the no-touch isolation technique and extensive intraoperative peritoneal lavage for pancreatic cancer surgery.
Molecular analysis of cDNA clones and the corresponding genomic coding sequences of the Drosophila dunce+ gene, the structural gene for cAMP phosphodiesterase. (1986)

We have isolated and sequenced cDNA clones representing portions of the polyadenylylated transcripts of the dunce+ gene. These define an open reading frame of 1086 bases and some of the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions of the transcripts. The deduced amino acid sequence is strikingly homologous to the amino acid sequence of a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase isolated from bovine brain and more weakly related to the predicted amino acid sequence of a yeast cAMP phosphodiesterase. These homologies, together with prior genetic and biochemical studies, provide unambiguous evidence that dunce+ codes for a phosphodiesterase. In addition, the dunce+ gene product shares a seven-amino acid sequence with a regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase that is predicted to be part of the cAMP binding site. We also identify a weak homology between a region of the dunce+ gene product and the egg-laying hormone precursor of Aplysia californica. The open reading frame is divided in the genome by four introns.
From the President: Reflections of a Lobbyist! (2008)

The Federal President of the TAFE Division of the AEU (Australian Education Union) criticises the steps taken by the Rudd government, which are detrimental to public education, including TAFE. She outlines the merits of the public TAFE system, which addresses the problems of skills shortage and social exclusion, and insists that it is necessary to keep lobbying Federal politicians about the need to provide sufficient funding for it.
DNIDS: A dependable network intrusion detection system using the CSI-KNN algorithm (2007)

The dependability of an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) relies on two factors: ability to detect intrusions and survivability in hostile environments.Machine learningbased anomaly detection approaches are gaining increasing attention in the network intrusion detection community because of their intrinsic ability to discover novel attacks.This ability has become critical since the number of new attacks has kept growing in recent years.However, most of today's anomaly-based IDSs generate high false positive rates and miss many attacks because of a deficiency in their ability to discriminate attacks from legitimate behaviors.These unreliable results damage the dependability of IDSs.In addition, even if the detection method is sound and effective, the IDS might still be unable to deliver detection service when under attack.With the increasing importance of the IDS, some attackers attempt to disable the IDS before they launch a thorough attack. In this thesis, we propose a Dependable Network Intrusion Detection System(DNIDS) based on the Combined Strangeness and Isolation measure K-Nearest Neighbor (CSI-KNN) algorithm.The DNIDS can effectively detect network intrusions while providing continued service even under attacks.The intrusion detection algorithm analyzes different characteristics of network data by employing two measures: i strangeness and isolation.Based on these measures, a correlation unit raises intrusion alerts with associated confidence estimates.In the DNIDS, multiple CSI-KNN classifiers work in parallel to deal with different types of network traffic.An intrusiontolerant mechanism monitors the classifiers and the hosts on which the classifiers reside and enables the IDS to survive component failure due to intrusions.As soon as a failed IDS component is discovered, a copy of the component is installed to replace it and the detection service continues.We evaluate our detection approach over the KDD'99 benchmark dataset.The experimental results show that the performance of our approach is better than the best result of the KDD'99 contest winner.In addition, the intrusion alerts generated by our algorithm provide graded confidence that offers some insight into the reliability of the intrusion detection.To verify the survivability of the DNIDS, we test the prototype in simulated attack scenarios.In addition, we evaluate the performance of the intrusion-tolerant mechanism and analyze the system reliability.The results demonstrate that the mechanism can effectively tolerate intrusions and achieve high dependability.
Potent inhibitory effect of a series of modified cyclodextrin sulfates on the replication of HIV-1 in vitro (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotent inhibitory effect of a series of modified cyclodextrin sulfates on the replication of HIV-1 in vitroTamon Moriya, Hironori Kurita, Kazuo Matsumoto, Toru Otake, Haruyo Mori, Motoko Morimoto, Noboru Ueba, and Nobuharu KunitaCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1991, 34, 7, 2301–2304Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00111a055https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00111a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views222Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Helicobacter pylori, gastrin and cyclooxygenase-2 in lung cancer. (2001)

The seroprevalence of HP, especially that expressing CagA, is significantly higher in lung cancers than in healthy controls. Both gastrin and CCKB-R mRNA were detected in the cancer tissue and at the resection margin and similarly COX-2 mRNA was expressed in most cancers and resection margin but not in bronchial mucosa where only COX-1 was found. The lung cancer tissue and resection margin contained many folds larger amounts of immunoreactive gastrin than intact bronchial mucosa.
A new method for analyzing protein sequence relationships based on Sammon maps (1997)

Recent advances in gene sequencing and rational drug design have re-emphasized the need for new methods for protein analysis, classification, and structure and function prediction. In this article, we introduce a new method for analyzing protein sequences based on Sammon's non-linear mapping algorithm. When applied to a family of homologous sequences, the method is able to capture the essential features of the similarity matrix, and provides a faithful representation of chemical or evolutionary distance in a simple and intuitive way. The merits of the new algorithm are demonstrated using examples from the protein kinase family.
Measurement of transient effects in SOI DRAM/SRAM access transistors (1996)

Bitline-induced transient effects in access transistors pose a problem in SOI DRAM and SRAM cells. The floating-body potential is affected by the bitline so changes in the bitline potential may upset the charge stored in the memory cell. Transient effects in SOI access transistors are measured versus the time the bitline is at high voltage, and V/sub DD/ for fully- and partially-depleted SOI devices. Bulk devices show no bitline-induced transient effects. Measurements show that the magnitude of the charge upset can be large enough to disturb the charge stored in DRAM and SRAM cells. Measurements also show that for any substantial upsets to occur, the time the bitline has to be at high voltage is on the order of milliseconds. Although the effect of bitline transitions is cumulative, the amount of charge upset when the bitline switches rapidly (i.e., millisecond periods) is shown to be negligible. Thus, proper design of SRAM upset-charge protection and DRAM refresh time should circumvent this problem.
Criteria for the approximation of nonlinear systems (1992)

Conditions for the approximation of discrete-time time-invariant nonlinear systems that act between bounded real sequences are considered. It has been shown in different contexts that if the output of a nonlinear system at each moment is dependent on the remote past of the input only to an arbitrary small extent in a certain sense, then the system can be uniformly approximated arbitrarily well by the maps of certain simple structures such as lattice-map structures, finite Volterra-series structures, dynamic multilayered neural networks with sigmoidal hidden units, and dynamic radial-basis-function networks. Results are given to the effect that, for a certain broad class of system approximation problems, conditions introduced earlier and certain variations of other conditions are all equivalent, and are in fact necessary as well as sufficient.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mediation: tactics and vision (2005)

Extract: Mediation is a way of engaging creatively with conflict. To engage creatively we need tactics and we need vision. During the latter part of the 20th century, vision in Western democracies became somewhat limited, faded, obscure â perhaps invisible. Tactics, on the other hand, became somewhat inflated, perhaps to the point where vision has become the preferred tactical manoeuvre, given a range of options.
Identification of Tumor Precursor Cells in the Brains of Primates with Radiation-Induced de novo Glioblastoma Multiforme (2006)

The pathogenesis of de novo glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is poorly understood and precursor cells are not known. To gain insight into the pathogenesis of GBM we analyzed brains from primates that developed de novo tumors ten years after whole brain radiation. Four animals had clinical and radiological evidence of GBM, and two animals had no evidence of GBM at the time of euthanization. Tumor precursor cells were identified diffusely scattered in the grossly normal white matter of all animals including two monkeys without evidence of GBM by MR-imaging or on autopsy examination. Tumor precursors demonstrated cellular atypia and mitoses, and were negative for tumor-associated markers GFAP, EGFR and p53. The cells were positive for Ki67 and N-CoR, the nuclear corepressor of astroglial differentiation. These results suggest that radiation-induced nuclear damage to neural stem cells or early astrocytic precursor cells can prevent normal differentiation and lead to tumor development. The findings provide insight into the tumorigenesis of de novo GBMs and suggest a new strategy for treatment of these lethal tumors by targeting both inactivation of N-CoR and inhibition of EGFR.
Characterization of the diversity of sulfate-reducing bacteria in soil and mining waste water environments by nucleic acid hybridization techniques (1994)

Nucleic acid hybridization techniques were used to characterize the sulfate-reducing bacterial communities at seven waste water and two soil sites in Canada. Genomic DNA was obtained from liquid enrichment cultures of samples taken from these nine sites. The liquid enrichment protocol favored growth of the sulfate-reducing bacterial component of the communities at these sites. The genomic DNA preparations were analyzed with (i) a specific gene probe aimed at a single genus (Desulfovibrio), (ii) a general 16S rRNA gene probe aimed at all genera of sulfate-reducing bacteria and other bacteria, and (iii) whole genome probes aimed at specific bacteria. This three-pronged approach provided information on the sulfate-reducing bacterial community structures for the nine sites. These were compared with each other and with the sulfate-reducing bacterial communities of western Canadian oil field production waters, studied previously. It was found that there is considerable diversity in the sulfate-reducing bacterial community at each site. Most sulfate-reducing bacteria isolated from distinct sites are genomically different and differ also from sulfate-reducing bacteria found in oil field production waters.
Petrology and thermal history of type IA chondrules in the Semarkona (LL3.0) chondrite (1989)

Detailed petrologic studies have been made of 15 type IA, Fe-poor, porphyritic olivine chondrules in Semarkona (LL3.0). Major and minor element concentrations in olivines, pyroxenes, and mesostases, and bulk composition so the chondrules are measured along with zoning profiles in the olivine and pyroxene crystals. The mineral compositions and textures are best interpreted in terms of closed system crystallization in which the olivines and pyroxenes crystallized in situ from a melt corresponding to the bulk composition of the chondrule. Relict olivine grains are not found in the chondrules. Crystallization probably occurred at a cooling rate of the order of 1000 C/hr. Precursor materials of the chondrules were composed of two components, one refractory Ca-, Al-, and Ti-rich, and one less refractory Si-, Fe-, Cr-, and Mn-rich. The evidence is consistent with Semarkona being one of the least metamorphosed ordinary chondrites.
The ART of adaptive pattern recognition by a self-organizing neural network (1990)

The adaptive resonance theory (ART) suggests a solution to the stability-plasticity dilemma facing designers of learning systems, namely how to design a learning system that will remain plastic, or adaptive, in response to significant events and yet remain stable in response to irrelevant events. ART architectures are discussed that are neural networks that self-organize stable recognition codes in real time in response to arbitrary sequences of input patterns. Within such an ART architecture, the process of adaptive pattern recognition is a special case of the more general cognitive process of hypothesis discovery, testing, search, classification, and learning. This property opens up the possibility of applying ART systems to more general problems of adaptively processing large abstract information sources and databases. The main computational properties of these ART architectures are outlined and contrasted with those of alternative learning and recognition systems. >
Sodium ion attachment reactions in an ion trap mass spectrometer (2000)

The capabilities of ion traps to perform attachment reactions with alkali cations using classical scanning sequences have been exploited here with an ion trap mass spectrometer equipped with an external ion source to generate the reagent Na(+) ions. Kinetic studies have shown that, as expected, the attachment efficiency is very high, near-collision efficiency, and illustrate how the present method is particularly well suited for ion trap mass spectrometers. The large adaptability of the experimental conditions suggests that a wide range of organic molecules, characterized by a large alkali ion affinity, could be readily detected even at low levels. Applications of sodium ion attachment reactions are illustrated by the detection and characterization of explosives and some of their correlated pyrolytic degradation products. Detection -limits for phthalate compounds are shown to reach the low ng range of injected samples, without any noticeable difficulties in the full scan mode of acquiring mass spectra. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of the profiling depth in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (2005)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry is generally considered to be a surface analysis technique. In this report, the profiling depth of imaging mass spectrometry was examined. MALDI matrix solution was found to be able to gain access to the tissue interior and extract analyte molecules to the tissue surface. As a consequence, prazosin, a small molecule pharmaceutical compound, located as deep as 40 microm away from the surface was readily detected after matrix application. Likewise, cytochrome c, a 12 kDa protein, was also detectable from the tissue interior. Moreover, for prazosin, not only the extent of matrix effect, but also the extraction efficiency of the matrix solvent appeared to be dependent on the type of tissue. These results indicated that experimental conditions that decrease the matrix solvent evaporation during matrix application may increase analyte extraction efficiency and hence sensitivity of the analysis. Furthermore, thin sections should be used to avoid differential extraction efficiency of matrix solvent in different tissues for whole-body analysis.
Tumor producing fibroblast growth factor 23 localized by two-staged venous sampling (2008)

In this report, we describe the diagnostic value of two-staged venous sampling to localize the FGF-23 secreting tumor in a case where conventional imaging failed. In addition, we examined the effect of dipyridamole on renal phosphate excretion, explored the efficacy of octreotide and calcitonin to suppress the FGF-23 production, and closely evaluated the hormonal changes following successful removal of the tumor. The latter observations indicate that calcitonin may be useful to suppress tumor-FGF-23 production and that FGF-23 may be a clinically relevant inhibitor of parathyroid hormone secretion in man.