gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence for Induced Systemic Protection to Fusiform Rust in Loblolly Pine by Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (2000)

Trials conducted in 1997 and 1998 tested eight strains of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for their capacity to induce systemic protection in loblolly pine to the causal agent of fusiform rust. Pine seeds were treated with bacteria at time of sowing, and seedlings were artificially inoculated with basidiospores of Cronartium quercuum f. sp. fusiforme 1 month later. Six months after basidiospore inoculation, seedlings were evaluated for the fusoid swelling or galls characteristic of rust infection. Compared with seedlings from seed not treated with bacteria, two bacterial isolates, Bacillus pumilus (SE34) and Serratia marcescens (90-166), significantly (P = 0.05) reduced the number of galls in 1997 and 1998. Combined data from 1997 and 1998 resulted in two additional isolates, B. pumilus (INR7) and B. pumilus (SE52), significantly (P = 0.05) reducing the number of galls. Averaged over both years, 31% of control seedlings were infected with fusiform rust, while those seedlings treated with bacterial strains SE34, 90-166, INR7, and SE52 had 13, 14, 15, and 16% infection, respectively. These four PGPR strains appear to have induced systemic resistance to fusiform rust in loblolly pine, resulting in less infection over nontreated control seedlings.
Antigenic drift as a mechanism for tumor evasion of destruction by cytolytic T lymphocytes (2003)

It is established that mutations in viral antigenic epitopes, or antigenic drifts, allow viruses to escape recognition by both Ab's and T lymphocytes. It is unclear, however, whether tumor cells can escape immune recognition via antigenic drift. Here we show that adoptive therapy with both monoclonal and polyclonal transgenic CTLs, specific for a natural tumor antigen, P1A, selects for multiple mutations in the P1A antigenic epitope. These mutations severely diminish T cell recognition of the tumor antigen by a variety of mechanisms, including modulation of MHC:peptide interaction and TCR binding to MHC:peptide complex. These results provide the first evidence for tumor evasion of T cell recognition by antigenic drift, and thus have important implications for the strategy of tumor immunotherapy.
1-aminocyclobutane(/sup 11/C)carboxylic acid, a potential tumor-seeking agent. [Rats, hamsters] (1979)

1-aminocyclobutane(/sup 14/C)carboxylic acid ((C-14) ACBC) was incorporated preferentially by several tumor types in rats and hamsters. The agent was cleared rapidly from rat blood, attaining its maximum tissue concentrations within 30 min after i.v. injection. Carrier ACBC had little effect on the tissue distribution of (C-14) ACBC. This agent showed no affinity for a Staphylococcus aureus abscess in rats. The total excretion was low, 3.6% in 2 hr. (C-11) ACBC was synthesized in amounts up to 415 mCi (55% chemical yield) using our modified Buecherer-Strecker technique. Forty minutes were required for the two-step synthesis and chromatographic purification. ACBC was found to be nontoxic in three animal species. The radiation dose from (C-11) ACBC should be minimal. (C-11) ACBC thus appears to have good potential as a tumor-seeking agent, particularly when used with a positron emission computed tomograph.
Photobiomodulation on the Angiogenesis of Skin Wounds in Rats Using Different Light Sources (2007)

Red LLLT and LED demonstrated expressive results in angiogenesis. Light coherence was shown not to be essential to angiogenesis. However, further studies are needed in order to investigate the photobiomodulatory effects of LED in relation to LLLT in various biological tissues.
A Simulated Annealing Study of Diblock Copolymer Brushes in Selective Solvents (2007)

We report a simulated annealing study of the morphology of block copolymer brushes in selective solvents. The investigation is carried out with a lattice model, in which the ends of A-blocks of monodisperse linear AB diblock copolymer flexible chains are grafted regularly on a flat substrate plane with an equal “spacing”. The morphological dependences of the brushes on solvent selectivity, polymer grafting density, and block lengths are investigated systematically. Phase diagrams of the system are constructed. Snapshots, polymer density profiles, and average contact numbers of the blocks are used to provide detailed information about the system. It is observed that multiple morphological transitions can be induced by varying block lengths as well as polymer grafting densities. At very low polymer grafting density, B-pinned or A-legged micelles or “flowerlike” structures are observed when the solvent is selective for the A or the B-blocks, respectively. Morphological transitions as well as size and spacing of the micellar aggregates can be manipulated by varying the block lengths. These predicted phase diagrams are consistent with available experiments and theories.
Lipofectin Enhances Cellular Uptake of Antisense DNA While Inhibiting Tumor Cell Growth (1992)

A natural DNA oligomer (15-mer) was synthesized with a sequence complementary to the translation initiation codon region of the human TGF-alpha mRNA and mixed with Lipofectin to form unilamellar complexes. It was found that tumor cell growth was inhibited when HCT116 cells were treated with Lipofectin-DNA oligomer complexes or with Lipofectin alone. Uptake of 32P-labeled 15-mers into colon tumor cells was compared in the presence and absence of Lipofectin. The amount of labeled oligomer found in cells that received optimal ratios of Lipofectin to DNA was 4- to 10-fold higher than the amount found in cells that received 32P-labeled DNA alone. Although Lipofectin-antisense DNA oligomer treatment of HCT116 cells caused a dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth, there was a subsequent rise in target mRNA product. Because the mechanism of growth inhibition could not involve an inhibition of TGF-alpha expression, it was concluded that Lipofectin probably exerts a nonspecific, detergent-like effect upon the cell membrane, producing an enhancement of TGF-alpha processing and release.
Survival and therapeutic potential of probiotic organisms with reference to Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium spp. (2000)

The present paper provides an overview on the use of probiotic organisms as live supplements, with particular emphasis on Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium spp. The therapeutic potential of these bacteria in fermented dairy products is dependent on their survival during manufacture and storage. Probiotic bacteria are increasingly used in food and pharmaceutical applications to balance disturbed intestinal microflora and related dysfunction of the human gastrointestinal tract. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium spp. have been reported to be beneficial probiotic organisms that provide excellent therapeutic benefits. The biological activity of probiotic bacteria is due in part to their ability to attach to enterocytes. This inhibits the binding of enteric pathogens by a process of competitive exclusion. Attachment of probiotic bacteria to cell surface receptors of enterocytes also initiates signalling events that result in the synthesis of cytokines. Probiotic bacteria also exert an influence on commensal micro-organisms by the production of lactic acid and bacteriocins. These substances inhibit growth of pathogens and also alter the ecological balance of enteric commensals. Production of butyric acid by some probiotic bacteria affects the turnover of enterocytes and neutralizes the activity of dietary carcinogens, such as nitrosamines, that are generated by the metabolic activity of commensal bacteria in subjects consuming a high-protein diet. Therefore, inclusion of probiotic bacteria in fermented dairy products enhances their value as better therapeutic functional foods. However, insufficient viability and survival of these bacteria remain a problem in commercial food products. By selecting better functional probiotic strains and adopting improved methods to enhance survival, including the use of appropriate prebiotics and the optimal combination of probiotics and prebiotics (synbiotics), an increased delivery of viable bacteria in fermented products to the consumers can be achieved.
Using the event calculus to integrate planning and learning in an intelligent autonomous agent (1994)

An autonomous agent architecture, in which Machine Learning and Planning are integrated, is presented. The agent's chosen knowledge representation is the Event Calculus, which can be expressed in Horn clause logic. The paper shows that the logical approach of the Event Calculus is suitable for integrating planning and learning in the autonomous agent: an existing planning technique that uses abduction can be combined with Inductive Logic Programming to use and adapt the knowledge of the agent. The use of an interactive inductive logic programming method allows the system to learn from experiments.
Initiation of Protein Synthesis in Eukaryotic Cells (1996)

It is becoming increasingly apparent that translational control plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotic cells. Most of the known physiological effects on translation are exerted at the level of polypeptide chain initiation. Research on initiation of translation over the past five years has yielded much new information, which can be divided into three main areas: (a) structure and function of initiation factors (including identification by sequencing studies of consensus domains and motifs) and investigation of protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions during initiation; (b) physiological regulation of initiation factor activities and (c) identification of features in the 5' and 3' untranslated regions of messenger RNA molecules that regulate the selection of these mRNAs for translation. This review aims to assess recent progress in these three areas and to explore their interrelationships.
A complete monolithic sample/hold amplifier (1974)

A monolithic sample/hold amplifier is described which includes the holding capacitor on the chip. System design considerations and tradeoffs are discussed, as well as the circuit design details. High performance is achieved by the use of a process which produces bipolar transistors and p-channel silicon-gate FET's (SIGFET's) on the same chip. Performance characteristics obtained include an acquisition time of 10 /spl mu/s (20-V step), an aperture delay time of 80 ns, and a droop rate of 30 mV/s.
Agonist-stimulated internalization of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor is dependent on two domains in the receptor carboxyl terminus. (1993)

The thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-TRH receptor (TRHR) complex undergoes rapid transformation in cells to an acid-resistant form which appears to represent internalized agonist-receptor complex. Since residues in the carboxyl terminus of other Gprotein-coupled receptors appear to be involved in internalization, we studied the role of this domain in the TRHR.A mutant TRHR, C335Stop, missing the last 59 residues including 2 cysteine residues, undergoes minimal transformation to an acid-resistant form even though it binds agonist with equal affinity and activates inositol phosphate second messenger formation as effectively as wild type TRHR.Two distinct domains within the carboxyl terminus between residues 335 and 368 were shown to affect transformation equally.First, a domain between residues 360 and 367 was identified because a TRHR with codon 360 mutated to a stop codon attained a steady-state level of internalized receptor that was approximately 50% of wild type TRHR, whereas a mutant with codon 368 changed to a stop was internalized to the same extent as wild type TRHR.Second, the need for a proximal Cys residue(s), Cys-335 or Cys-337, was shown by mutating these residues to Ser or Gly.We conclude that rapid internalization of the TRHR is dependent on two dissimilar domains within the receptor carboxyl terminus.GPCRs,' like other plasma membrane receptors, are rapidly lost from the surface of cells, that is, are internalized, after binding agonist.Internalization via coated pits and recycling to the plasma membrane of, for example, receptors for low density lipoproteins (I), transferrin (2), and epidermal growth factor (3) has been delineated, and specific amino acid motifs in these receptors have been shown to mediate this process.
TNF-alpha inhibitors for ankylosing spondylitis (2015)

There is moderate to high quality evidence that anti-TNF agents improve clinical symptoms in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. More participants withdrew due to adverse events when on an anti-TNF agent but we did not find evidence of an increase in serious adverse events, though event rates were low and trials had a short duration. The short-term toxicity profile appears acceptable. Based on indirect comparison methodology, we are uncertain whether there are differences between anti-TNF agents in terms of the key benefit or harm outcomes.
Identification of Antiviral Drug Candidates against SARS-CoV-2 from FDA-Approved Drugs (2020)

Drug repositioning is the only feasible option to immediately address the COVID-19 global challenge. We screened a panel of 48 FDA-approved drugs against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which were preselected by an assay of SARS-CoV. We identified 24 potential antiviral drug candidates against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Some drug candidates showed very low 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC<sub>50</sub>s), and in particular, two FDA-approved drugs-niclosamide and ciclesonide-were notable in some respects.
Prostate specific membrane antigen- a target for imaging and therapy with radionuclides. (2010)

Prostate cancer continues to represent a major health problem, and yet there is no effective treatment available for advanced metastatic disease. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of more effective treatment modalities that could improve the outcome. Because prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a transmembrane protein, is expressed by virtually all prostate cancers, and its expression is further increased in poorly differentiated, metastatic, and hormone-refractory carcinomas, it is a very attractive target. Molecules targeting PSMA can be labelled with radionuclides to become both diagnostic and/or therapeutic agents. The use of PSMA binding agents, labelled with diagnostic and therapeutic radio-isotopes, opens up the potential for a new era of personalized management of metastatic prostate cancer.
The Extreme Value Machine (2017)

It is often desirable to be able to recognize when inputs to a recognition function learned in a supervised manner correspond to classes unseen at training time. With this ability, new class labels could be assigned to these inputs by a human operator, allowing them to be incorporated into the recognition function-ideally under an efficient incremental update mechanism. While good algorithms that assume inputs from a fixed set of classes exist, e.g. , artificial neural networks and kernel machines, it is not immediately obvious how to extend them to perform incremental learning in the presence of unknown query classes. Existing algorithms take little to no distributional information into account when learning recognition functions and lack a strong theoretical foundation. We address this gap by formulating a novel, theoretically sound classifier-the Extreme Value Machine (EVM). The EVM has a well-grounded interpretation derived from statistical Extreme Value Theory (EVT), and is the first classifier to be able to perform nonlinear kernel-free variable bandwidth incremental learning. Compared to other classifiers in the same deep network derived feature space, the EVM is accurate and efficient on an established benchmark partition of the ImageNet dataset.
The CRISPR/Cas9 system: Their delivery, in vivo and ex vivo applications and clinical development by startups (2017)

The CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system was originally derived from the prokaryotic adaptive immune system mediated by Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas). The system has been successfully applied to genome editing in eukaryotes and has contributed to remarkable advances in the life sciences, in areas ranging from agriculture to genetic disease therapies. For efficient editing and extending the influence of this system, proper delivery of its components is crucial. Both viral and nonviral delivery methods are reviewed here, along with the advantages and disadvantages of each. In addition, we review ex vivo and in vivo CRISPR/Cas9 applications for disease therapies. Related remarkable studies are highlighted and relevant startup companies and their drug development pipelines are described. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:1035-1045, 2017.
[Myocardial contrast echocardiography using artificial blood (Fluosol-DA): a comparison with left ventricular wall motion in the experimental ischemic heart]. (1984)

In the present study, myocardial contrast echocardiographic enhancement was compared with left ventricular wall motion in an experimental ischemic heart according to the degree of narrowing of the coronary artery. Artificial blood (Fluosol-DA) was used as a contrast agent. In eight adult mongrel dogs, ischemic hearts with 0, 50, 70 to 90 and 100% narrowing of the coronary artery were produced by controlling a balloon catheter in a closed-chest system. Fluosol-DA was injected into the left main coronary artery and myocardial contrast echocardiograms were recorded. The short-axis images of the left ventricle were subdivided into octants using a "floating" reference system to analyze wall motion by an image analyzer (Cardias GP2000), and to evaluate density values in the echocardiogram by densitometry (MSR Vx-50). With 0 and 50% narrowing of the coronary artery, the entire circumferential myocardium was filled with marked contrast echoes, and no change was observed in left ventricular wall motion. In 70 to 90% narrowing, the perfusion area of the narrowed coronary artery was filled with mild contrast echoes compared to the other areas showing marked contrast echoes. But no change was observed in left ventricular wall motion. During total occlusion, the perfusion area of the occluded coronary artery was not filled with contrast echoes and a distinct difference was observed between this and the other areas. Marked abnormality of wall motion was also observed. The area with abnormal wall motion tended to be wider than the area of contrast enhancement defect. The ischemic area can therefore be more accurately confirmed by simultaneously observing the changes in contrast echocardiographic enhancement and in wall motion abnormalities.
Direct Synthesis of 4-Arylpiperidines via Palladium/Copper(I)-Cocatalyzed Negishi Coupling of a 4-Piperidylzinc Iodide with Aromatic Halides and Triflates (2004)

A general procedure for the synthesis of 4-arylpiperidines via the coupling of 4-(N-BOC-piperidyl)zinc iodide with aryl halides and triflates is presented. The reaction requires cocatalysis with both Cl(2)Pd(dppf) and a copper(I) species. An improved, safer procedure for the activation of zinc dust is also presented.
Femtosecond ring dye laser: a potential new laser gyro (1991)

Measurements on a passively mode-locked dye laser demonstrate a sensitive gyro-type response, when Fresnel drag in air is used to simulate rotation. Such a response is unexpected for a homogeneously broadened ring laser.
A Computational Analysis of the Unique Protein-Induced Tight Turn That Results in Posttranslational Chromophore Formation in Green Fluorescent Protein (1998)

A thorough conformational search of the chromophore-forming region of immature green fluorescent protein (GFP) revealed that it is preorganized in a unique conformation required for chromophore formation. This “tight turn” conformation has an i carbonyl carbon to i + 2 amide nitrogen distance of less than 2.90 Å with φ = 60 ± 30° and ψ = 30 ± 15°. Less than 1.00% of the residues of the 50 representative proteins examined adopt this conformation. The tight turn conformation is predominately located on the periphery of the proteins or in flexible areas, except in GFP. Molecular dynamics simulations and Ramachandran plots show the chromophore-forming region in immature GFP can only adopt the tight turn conformational family. Moreover, this conformation is ideally suited for the cyclization necessary for chromophore formation, i.e., for nucleophilic attack of the amino group of Gly67 on the carbonyl group of Ser67. The 11 β sheets of GFP force the chromophore-forming peptide fragment to adopt a conformation that has an exceptionally short interatomic distance between the carbonyl carbon of Ser65 and the amide nitrogen of Gly67 and lock it into this conformation. Several mutant GFPs have been expressed that exhibit greater solubility and thermostability than wild-type GFP. These properties are linked to protein folding and chromophore formation. Our calculations show that the mutations cause a shortening of the distance between the carbonyl carbon of Ser65 and the amide nitrogen of Gly67, and therefore enhance chromophore formation.
Taking industrial parks one step further : road (2005)

Extracted from text ... news 16 - TWA September / October 2005 
road 
Taking industrial parks 
one step further 
by Terence Wood 
The automotive supplier park (ASP) in Rosslyn is more than an industrial park. It is about creating new opportunities for the local automotive manufacturing industry, through active synergies and economies of scale, to become more competitive in the international and local market. 
The infrastructure of the first two phases was completed by the end of 2004. To date the park has secured 12 different companies that are making use of the facilities that supply a wide variety of components to ..
Osteitis and paranasal sinus inflammation (2013)

Osteitis is more often present in patients with extended radiological disease and in patients undergoing revision surgery. More studies are necessary regarding its management, clinical implications, and natural course.
Wireless Power Transfer Using High Temperature Superconducting Pancake Coils (2013)

It is well known that the efficiency of a wireless power transfer (WPT) system depends on the resistance of the transmitting and receiving coils, especially for the case of low frequency. Since the ac loss of high temperature superconductors (HTS) is much lower than that of conventional conductors, using high temperature superconductors for WPT system is a good way to increase power transfer efficiency. Here, several kinds of WPT experiments were designed and conducted by use of HTS and conventional conductor (copper) coils, respectively. The results are presented and analyzed. It is shown that the behavior of HTS WPT system is similar to that of a conventional WPT system, but the efficiency of WPT system is much higher by use of HTS coils and HTS coil is more suitable for being as a transmitting coil than as a receiving one.
Changing paradigms in oil and gas reservoir monitoring - the introduction and commercialization of in-well optical sensing systems (2003)

Downhole measurements play a critical role in the production of oil and gas reservoirs. Parameters such as pressure, temperature and fluid flow provide valuable insights into the depletion dynamics of a reservoir that, if optimized, can be highly beneficial to the productivity and economics of the well. Unfortunately, oil and gas reservoirs represent some of the harshest, least accessible, environments on earth. This paper addresses the development and commercialization of fiber optic sensing systems to monitor the conditions of these reservoirs on a real time basis as the oil and gas is produced.