gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Memory for Vascular Disease in Diabetes (2012)

Although the terms "metabolic memory" and "legacy effect" have been used to describe the prolonged benefits of good blood glucose control, the former is now recognized as a phenomenon related to the prolonged harm produced mainly by hyperglycemia. At least three randomized clinical trials (Diabetes Control and Complications Trial in type 1 diabetes, United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study and Steno-2 in type 2 diabetes) have demonstrated that patients treated intensively for a period of time have a lower risk of micro- and macrovascular complications that persists during subsequent follow-up, even after their tight control has relented and the levels of glycated hemoglobin in the conventionally treated group improve. The mechanisms are not fully understood but most probably relate to the physiopathology of vascular complications of diabetes, and in recent years a unifying theory has been emerging to understand them. The excess superoxide anion produced by the mitochondria in response to hyperglycemia leads through disturbances at the nuclear level to the accumulation of potentially harmful substances such as advanced glycated end-products, protein kinase C, and nuclear factor κB, which are directly implicated in the development of vascular complications in diabetes. These adverse effects are not reversed when the high blood glucose is corrected, and some may be permanent because of epigenetic changes. Some antidiabetes drugs and antioxidant substances have produced partial reversibility of the mechanisms involved in the metabolic memory at the experimental level, but probably the best strategy is to optimize the metabolic control as early as possible, even before diabetes is diagnosed.
Skipping the co-expression problem: the new 2A "CHYSEL" technology (2004)

The rapid progress in the field of genomics is increasing our knowledge of multi-gene diseases. However, any realistic hope of gene therapy treatment for those diseases needs first to address the problem of co-ordinately co-expressing several transgenes. Currently, the use of internal ribosomal entry sites (IRESs) is the strategy chosen by many researchers to ensure co-expression. The large sizes of the IRESs (~0.5 kb), and the difficulties of ensuring a well-balanced co-expression, have prompted several researchers to imitate a co-expression strategy used by many viruses: to express several proteins as a polyprotein. A small peptide of 18 amino acids (2A) from the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is being used to avoid the need of proteinases to process the polyprotein. FMDV 2A is introduced as a linker between two proteins to allow autonomous intra-ribosomal self-processing of polyproteins. Recent reports have shown that this sequence is compatible with different sub-cellular targeting signals and can be used to co-express up to four proteins from a single retroviral vector. This short peptide provides a tool to allow the co-expression of multiple proteins from a single vector, a useful technology for those working with heteromultimeric proteins, biochemical pathways or combined/synergistic phenomena.
Clinical significance of CD38 expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2001)

B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) follows heterogeneous clinical courses, and several biological parameters need to be added to the current clinical staging systems to predict which patients will experience an indolent or an aggressive outcome. This study analyzed CD38 expression by flow cytometry and soluble APO1/Fas (sAPO1/Fas), Bcl-2 (sBcl-2), and CD23 (sCD23) proteins by immunoenzymatic methods to evaluate their effect on the clinical course of 168 unselected B-CLL patients. Intermediate/high risk modified Rai stages were characterized by a higher CD38(+) B-cell number (P =.0002) and higher sCD23 levels (P <.0001). Moreover, CD38(+) B-cell percentages were significantly and directly associated both with beta(2)-microglobulin and sCD23 concentrations (P <.0001 and P =.002, respectively). Both a higher tumor burden (lymphadenopathy/splenomegaly) and a lymphocyte doubling time less than 12 months were significantly associated with higher CD38(+) percentages (P <.0001 and P =.0001, respectively). With regard to clinical outcome, progression-free survival was significantly longer (75% versus 37% at 5 years; P =.00006) in patients with lower CD38(+) B-cell percentages. Furthermore, the risk of partial or no response to fludarabine increased with increasing CD38 expression (P =.003), and a shorter overall survival (50% versus 92% at 8 years; P <.00001) characterized patients with more than 30% CD38(+) B-cell number. The predictive value of CD38 expression was maintained among the patients within the Rai intermediate risk group and was confirmed in multivariate analysis. Thus, the percentage of CD38(+) B cells appears to be an accurate predictor of clinical outcome and therefore could be used to indicate when more novel chemotherapeutic approaches are needed.
Two types of bacterial alginate lyases (1992)

The extracellular alginate lyases were purified from Vibrio harveyi AL-128 and V. alginolyticus ATCC 17749. The former enzyme appears to be specific for alpha-1,4 bonds involving L-guluronate units in alginate, whereas the latter exhibits specificity for beta-1,4 bonds involving D-mannuronate units. The molecular weights of the enzymes were estimated to be 57,000 and 47,000, and they had isoelectric points of 4.3 and 4.6, respectively. The enzyme from strain AL-128 was most active at NaCl concentrations of 0.3 to 1.0 M. Optimum activity of the enzyme from strain ATCC 17749 was found in the presence of 5 to 10 mM CaCl2.
Development of a Batch Reactor Laboratory Process (2002)

This paper will treat the development of a laboratory exercise indiscrete event control. Thehardware components are described as well as theinterface. The software is written entirely in Java, and thecontroller implementations are done in JGrafchart, which is alsobriefly described. The process is portable and flexible which haveshortened the development process and also simplifies future modifications.
Overexpression of RelA in Transgenic Mouse Thymocytes: Specific Increase in Levels of the Inhibitor Protein IκBα (1995)

RelA (p65) is one of the strongest activators of the Rel/NF-kappa B family. As a first step to elucidate the mechanisms that regulate its activity in vivo, we have generated transgenic mice overexpressing RelA in the thymus. Although the levels of RelA were significantly increased in thymocytes of transgenic mice, the overall NF-kappa B-binding activity in unstimulated cells was not augmented compared with that in control thymocytes. This could be explained by the dramatic increase of endogenous I kappa B alpha levels observed in RelA-overexpressing cells in both cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments. The ikba mRNA levels were not augmented by overexpressed RelA, but I kappa B alpha inhibitor was found to be stabilized through association with RelA. Although a fraction of RelA was associated with cytoplasmic p105, no changes in the precursor levels were observed. Upon stimulation of RelA-overexpressing thymocytes with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and lectin (phytohemaglutinin), different kappa B-binding complexes, including RelA homodimers, were partially released from I kappa B alpha. Association of RelA with I kappa B alpha prevented complete degradation of the inhibitor. No effect of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-lectin treatment was detected on RelA associated with p105. Our data indicate that cytoplasmic retention of overexpressed RelA by I kappa B alpha is the major in vivo mechanism controlling the potential excess of NF-kappa B activity in long-term RelA-overexpressing thymocytes.
A DNA Nanostructure Platform for Directed Assembly of Synthetic Vaccines (2012)

Safe and effective vaccines offer the best intervention for disease control. One strategy to maximize vaccine immunogenicity without compromising safety is to rationally design molecular complexes that mimic the natural structure of immunogenic microbes but without the disease-causing components. Here we use highly programmable DNA nanostructures as platforms to assemble a model antigen and CpG adjuvants together into nanoscale complexes with precise control of the valency and spatial arrangement of each element. Our results from immunized mice show that compared to a mixture of antigen and CpG molecules, the assembled antigen-adjuvant-DNA complexes induce strong and long-lasting antibody responses against the antigen without stimulating a reaction to the DNA nanostructure itself. This result demonstrates the potential of DNA nanostructures to serve as general platforms for the rational design and construction of a variety of vaccines.
Elevated expression of Rad18 regulates melanoma cell proliferation (2011)

The E3 ligase Rad18 is a key regulator for the lesion bypass pathway, which plays an important role in genomic stability. However, the status of Rad18 expression in melanoma is not known. Using melanoma tissue microarray (TMA), we showed that nuclear Rad18 expression was upregulated in primary and metastatic melanoma compared to dysplastic nevi. Rad18 expression was significantly reduced in sun-exposed sites compared to the sun-protected sites. Strong Rad18 expression correlated with worse 5-year patient survival and was an independent prognostic factor for melanoma found in the sun-protected sites. Furthermore, we showed that melanoma cell proliferation and the expression of pAkt and cyclin D1 were reduced upon Rad18 knockdown. We, for the first time, showed that Rad18 is significantly increased in melanoma and predicts the poor outcome for melanoma in the sun-protected sites. Rad18 is involved in the regulation of melanoma cell proliferation, which can be exploited in designing new strategy for melanoma treatment.
Modelling the Effect of Carbon Content on Hot Strength of Steels Using a Modified Artificial Neural Network. (1998)

The hot strength of austenitic steels with the carbon content varying from 0.0037 to 0.79 wt% was modelled using artificial neural networks (ANN). The carbon content has a complex effect on flow strength of austenite. An increase in carbon content reduces the flow stress of the steels at high temperatures and low strain rates, while it increases the flow stress at low temperatures and high strain rates, especially at low strains. In addition, increasing carbon to above 0.4 wt% dramatically reduces the peak strain for the initiation of dynamic recrystallisation at high Zener–Hollomon parameter, Z. Given the complexity of the deformation and recrystallisation behaviours of these steels, no phenomenological or simple empirical models are able to predict the flow stress over the full carbon range. In this work, the back error propagation algorithm of the ANN model with one hidden layer bias was used, with the number if hidden nodes optimised. The data up to a strain of 4 were used to predict the strength in both work hardening and dynamic recrystallisation regimes. The training speed was an important parameter and was optimised by trimming the data set and learning procedures. The effects of the carbon content on flow stress, peak strains and peak stresses observed from the experiment were accurately represented. However, it was found that the training data set also needed to be optimised to accurately predict the hot strength of the steels.
Automated composition of web services by planning in asynchronous domains (2005)

We propose a novel planning framework for the automated composition of web services. We consider services that are specified and implemented in industrial standard lan-guages for business processes modeling and execution, like BPEL4WS. These languages describe web services whose behavior is intrinsically asynchronous. For this reason, the key aspect of our framework is the modeling of asynchronous planning problems. In the paper we describe the framework and propose a planning approach that is based on state of the art techniques for planning under uncertainty. Our ex-periments show that this approach can scale up to signifi-cant cases, i.e., to cases in which the manual development of BPEL4WS composed services is not trivial and is time con-suming.
Electrodeposition of Al–Mo–Ti Ternary Alloys in the Lewis Acidic Aluminum Chloride–1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid (2008)

The electrodeposition of Al–Mo–Ti ternary alloys was examined in the Lewis acidic 66.7–33.3% mole fraction aluminum chloride–1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride room-temperature ionic liquid containing and . The Mo content in the alloys varied with the applied current density and the concentration ratio. The Ti content was small and constant at atomic fraction (a/o) and was independent of the deposition conditions. All the electrodeposited Al–Mo–Ti alloys were dense and compact and adhered well to the copper substrate. The deposit surface morphology depended on the applied current density and the Mo content of the alloys, as reported previously for the amorphous binary Al–Mo alloys. However, no amorphous glass phase could be detected in the Al–Mo–Ti ternary alloy samples; this behavior may be related to the presence of Ti. In summary, the addition of a small amount of Ti to the binary Al–Mo alloys resulted in a ternary alloy with a substantially improved chloride-induced pitting corrosion resistance compared to the related Al–Mo alloy.
Optimizing DTW-based audio-to-MIDI alignment and matching (2016)

Dynamic time warping (DTW) has proven to be an extremely effective method for both aligning and matching recordings of music to corresponding MIDI transcriptions. However, its performance is heavily affected by factors such as the representation used for the audio and MIDI data and its adjustable parameters. We therefore investigate automatically optimizing the design of DTW-based alignment and matching systems. Our approach uses Bayesian optimization to tune system design and parameters over a synthetically-created dataset of audio and MIDI pairs. We then perform an exhaustive search over DTW score normalization techniques to find the optimal method for reporting a reliable alignment confidence score, as required in matching tasks. This results in a DTW-based system which is conceptually simple and highly accurate at both alignment and matching. We verified that this system achieves high performance in a large-scale qualitative evaluation of real-world alignments.
50-Gb/s ring-resonator-based silicon modulator (2013)

We achieved 50-Gb/s operation of a ring-resonator-based silicon modulator for the first time. The pin-diode phase shifter, which consists of a side-wall-grating waveguide, was loaded into the ring resonator. The forward-biased operation mode was applied, which exhibited a V(π)L as small as 0.28 V · cm at 25 GHz. The driving voltage and optical insertion loss at 50-Gb/s were 1.96 V(pp) and 5.2 dB, respectively.
Redox-Responsive Dynamic-Covalent Assemblies: Stars and Miktoarm Stars (2013)

Dynamic-covalent macromolecular stars were prepared by cross-linking block copolymers containing reactive maleic anhydride units with a disulfide-containing diamine. Here we report the synthesis of disulfide-cross-linked star polymers obtained by the arm-first process. Well-defined block copolymers containing a reactive poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride) (P(S-alt-MAn)) segment and an inert polystyrene or poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) segment were obtained by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Facile ring-opening of the pendant anhydride groups in the block copolymers by a disulfide-linked diamine cross-linker led to core-cross-linked stars with redox-responsive cores. The reductive cleavage of the disulfide linkages in the cross-linked cores resulted in star dissociation into linear arms with pendant thiol groups. Oxidation of the pendant thiol units of the resulting unimers in the presence of air led to reassembly or self-healing of the stars without the need for an externally added oxidizing agent.
Rabbit Study of an In Situ Forming Hydrogel Vitreous Substitute (2009)

The fact that this process of in situ gelation gives rise to hydrogels that are biocompatible and physically and optically similar to the natural vitreous suggests its suitability as a permanent vitreous substitute. Hydrogel candidates will be further studied to evaluate long-term biocompatibility and degradation in vivo.
Lanthanum–Strontium–Manganese Perovskites as Redox Materials for Solar Thermochemical Splitting of H2O and CO2 (2013)

A thermodynamic and experimental investigation of a new class of solar thermochemical redox intermediates, namely, lanthanum–strontium–manganese perovskites, is presented. A defect model based on low-temperature oxygen non-stoichiometry data is formulated and extrapolated to higher temperatures more relevant to thermochemical redox cycles. Strontium contents of x = 0.3 (LSM30) and x = 0.4 (LSM40) in La1–xSrxMnO3−δ result in favorable reduction extents compared to ceria in the temperature range of 1523–1923 K. Oxidation with CO2 and H2O is not as thermodynamically favorable and largely dependent upon the oxidant concentration. The model is experimentally validated by O2 non-stoichiometry measurements at high temperatures (>1623 K) and CO2 reduction cycles with commercially available LSM35. Theoretical solar–fuel energy conversion efficiencies for LSM40 and ceria redox cycles are 16 and 22% at 1800 K and 13 and 7% at 1600 K, respectively.
Influence of reductants upon optical characteristics of the DNA–Cu2+ complex (1967)

Abstract The addition of reducing agents, i.e., ascorbic acid or sodium borohydride, to a DNA solution containing Cu 2+ ions causes changes in the DNA absorption spectra which are due to a new absorption band with a maximum at 280 mμ assigned to a DNA base–Cu 1+ complex. The stoichiometry of the complex is one Cu 1+ ion per four bases of DNA. The DNA–Cu 1+ complex has an increased melting temperature and rather different circular dichroism curve as compared with DNA itself. It is inferred that the above effects are caused by proton transfer along the hydrogen bond from guanine to cytosine under complexing of Cu 1+ ions with the N 7 atom of the guanine of DNA.
Gene therapy using bone marrow transplantation: a 1990 update. (1990)

The use of recombinant retroviruses for gene transfer into the haematopoietic tissue in vivo is still a new area of research. The initial results of in vitro studies were very exciting. In contrast, the early in vivo studies in mice were somewhat disappointing because of the transient and low levels of expression of the transferred gene. Recently, however, better results have been obtained in the murine system in vivo. New packaging cell lines have been constructed, which are safer and still efficient. Better vectors have been designed. Thus, significant levels of expression of the transgene have been achieved in murine long-term transplant recipients. However, the results obtained so far in large animal studies are still disappointing. It should be emphasized that further progress must be based on a simple overall strategy involving better understanding of the functioning of the gene to be transferred by gene expression studies, design of vectors carrying a fully active and correctly regulated minilocus and better knowledge of the biological properties of the target cells, the haematopoietic stem cells.
A new method for text detection and recognition in indoor scene for assisting blind people (2017)

Developing assisting system of handicapped persons become a challenging ask in research projects. Recently, a variety of tools are designed to help visually impaired or blind people object as a visual substitution system. The majority of these tools are based on the conversion of input information into auditory or tactile sensory information. Furthermore, object recognition and text retrieval are exploited in the visual substitution systems. Text detection and recognition provides the description of the surrounding environments, so that the blind person can readily recognize the scene. In this work, we aim to introduce a method for detecting and recognizing text in indoor scene. The process consists on the detection of the regions of interest that should contain the text using the connected component. Then, the text detection is provided by employing the images correlation. This component of an assistive blind person should be simple, so that the users are able to obtain the most informative feedback within the shortest time.
The Fish Story (2003)

linicians frequently are asked whether dietary fat intake influences the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD).However, many clinicians remain unclear about the role of dietary fat and fatty acids in the occurrence of CHD.3][4] These studies suggest potentially large effects associated with modest dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs, but the findings also seem to conflict with other reports in the scientific literature. 5,6As a result, there is considerable clinical skepticism about the role of dietary fat and fatty acids in efforts to reduce CHD.
An analysis of the role of neuraminidase in the receptor-binding activity of influenza B virus: the inhibitory effect of Zanamivir on haemadsorption (1999)

We analysed the role of neuraminidase (NA) on haemadsorption by the haemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza B virus. The influenza B virus mutant ts-7 has a temperature-sensitive mutation in the NA protein. At high temperature, cells infected with this virus did not exhibit haemadsorption activity, but the addition of bacterial neuraminidase (bNA) restored haemadsorption activity. COS cells transfected with HA cDNAs of B/Kanagawa/73 or B/Lee/40 virus showed no evidence of haemadsorption. However, with the addition of bNA or co- transfection with NA cDNA of the B/Lee/40 virus, haemadsorption was observed. Experiments with point-mutated HA cDNAs of B/Lee/40 virus showed that two N-acetyl glycosylation sites at amino acid residues 160 and 217 were responsible for the inability of the HA protein to adsorb to erythrocytes. These results indicated that haemadsorption by the HA protein of influenza B virus required the involvement of NA. Because the NA inhibitor Zanamivir was reported not to penetrate cells, we investigated the action of this inhibitor and found that Zanamivir inhibited haemadsorption on MDCK cells infected with B/Kanagawa/73 or B/Lee/40 virus. After removing Zanamivir by washing, the addition of bNA restored the haemadsorption activity on the infected cells. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that at 0.4 microM Zanamivir, HA protein did not adsorb to erythrocytes but retained the ability to aggregate virions. However, at 4 microM Zanamivir, distinct virion formation could not be observed.