gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A power-efficient analog integrated circuit for amplification and detection of neural signals (2008)

We present a neural amplifier that optimizes the trade-off between power consumption and noise performance down to the best so far reported. In the perspective of realizing a fully autonomous implantable system we also address the problem of spike detection by using a new simple algorithm and we discuss the implementation with analog integrated circuits. Implemented in 0.35-microm CMOS technology and with total current consumption of about 20 microA, the whole circuit occupies an area of 0.18 mm(2). Reduced power consumption and small area make it suited to be used in chronic multichannel recording systems for neural prosthetics and neuroscience experiments.
Perspectives on cancer therapy-induced mucosal injury (2004)

Understanding the pathobiology of mucositis, its incidence, and scoring are essential for progress in research and care directed at this common side-effect of anticancer therapies.
THE EFFECT OF PRAVASTATIN ON ACUTE REJECTION AFTER KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION-A PILOT STUDY1 (1996)

Hyperlipidemia is an important complication of kidney transplantation affecting up to 74% of recipients. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are reported to provide safe and effective treatment for this problem. A recent study suggests that pravastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, also decreases the incidence of both clinically severe acute rejection episodes and natural killer cell cytotoxicity after orthotopic heart transplantation. We have performed a prospective randomized pilot study of the effect of pravastatin on these same parameters after cadaveric kidney transplantation. Graft recipients were randomized to receive pravastatin after transplantation or no pravastatin (24 patients in each group) in addition to routine cyclosporine and prednisone immunosuppression. Lipid levels, acute rejection episodes and serial natural killer cell cytotoxicities were followed for 4 months after the transplant. At the end of the study period, pravastatin had successfully controlled mean total cholesterol levels (202.6 +/- 9.3 vs. 236.5 +/- 11.9 mg/dl, P < 0.02), LDL levels (107.9 +/- 6.6 vs.149.6 +/- 10.7 mg/dl, P < 0.002), and triglyceride levels (118.8 +/- 14.2 vs. 157.2 +/- 13.8 mg/dl, P < 0.05). In addition, the pravastatin-treated group experienced a reduction in the incidence of biopsy-proven acute rejection episodes (25% vs. 58%, P = 0.01), the incidence of multiple rejections episodes (P < 0.05), and the use of both pulse methylprednisolone (P = 0.01) and OKT3 (P = 0.02). Mean natural killer cell cytotoxicity was similarly reduced (11.3 +/- 1.6 vs. 20.0 +/- 2.0% lysis of K562 target cells, P < 0.002). These data suggest that pravastatin exerts an additional immunosuppressive effect in kidney transplant recipients treated with cyclosporine-based immunosuppression.
SYNTHESIS OF NEW CLASSES OF BORON-CONTAINING NUCLEOTIDES (2001)

Four different types of boron-modified nucleotides are reported: P-boranophosphorothioates, P-cyanoboranophosphates, P-boranomethylphosphonates, and P3'-N5'-boranophosphoramidates. Synthesis of dinucleoside borano-phosphorothioates and nucleoside P-borano-P-thiomonophosphates via a lithium sulfide method is described. The Li2S method also provides an alternative way to synthesize phosphorothioates through a dinitrophenyl P(V) phosphotriester precursor. The mechanism of Li2S substitution was investigated.
A FRAMEWORK FOR COLLISION DETECTION AND RESPONSE (1999)

Detecting collisions and calculating physically correct collision responses play an important role when simulating the dynamics of colliding rigid bodies. Virtual reality applications such as virtual assembly planning and ergonomy studies can especially profit from advances in these directions, because they enable an interactive and intuitive manipulation of objects in virtual environments. This paper presents new algorithms for the real-time simulation of multi-body systems with unilateral contacts. The algorithms for dynamic collision detection and for the calculation of contact forces are part of the software library SiLVIA, a simulation library for virtual reality applications.
Dosimetry of Cf-252 radiation: Studies in the USSR (1986)

This report presents the results of physical studies and calibrations for use in /sup 252/Cf neutron brachytherapy. The principal data on construction of sources for radiation therapy (afterloading cells, flexible and intracavitary sources) are also presented. Protective devices in manual administration of sources and apparatuses for remote controlled delivery of sources with a high flux of neutrons are described. The methods of measurement being used in phantom and clinical dosimetry in the field of /sup 252/Cf mixed radiation are considered. Measurements of LET spectra with a set of tissue-equivalent counters allowed determination of the quality factor of /sup 252/Cf radiation necessary for rate setting of personnel irradiation. The principles of planning of clinical irradiations are described. The prospects of further investigations in technique, radiation therapy and dosimetry of /sup 252/Cf radiation have been planned.
Localization of novel corticotropin-releasing factor receptor (CRF2) mRNA expression to specific subcortical nuclei in rat brain: comparison with CRF1 receptor mRNA expression (1995)

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is the primary factor involved in controlling the release of ACTH from the anterior pituitary and also acts as a neurotransmitter in a variety of brain systems. The actions of CRF are mediated by G-protein coupled membrane bound receptors and a high affinity CRF receptor, CRF1, has been previously cloned and functionally characterized. We have recently isolated a cDNA encoding a second member of the CRF receptor family, designated CRF2, which displays approximately 70% homology at the nucleotide level to the CRF1 receptor and exhibits a distinctive pharmacological profile. The present study utilized in situ hybridization histochemistry to localize the distribution of CRF2 receptor mRNA in rat brain and pituitary gland and compared this with the distribution of CRF1, receptor expression. While CRF1 receptor expression was very high in neocortical, cerebellar, and sensory relay structures, CRF2 receptor expression was generally confined to subcortical structures. The highest levels of CRF2 receptor mRNA in brain were evident within the lateral septal nucleus, the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus and the choroid plexus. Moderate levels of CRF2 receptor expression were evident in the olfactory bulb, amygdaloid nuclei, the paraventricular and suraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus, the inferior colliculus and 5-HT-associated raphe nuclei of the midbrain. CRF2-expressing cells were also evident in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the hippocampal formation and anterior and lateral hypothalmic areas. In addition, CRF2 receptor mRNA was also found in cerebral arterioles throughout the brain. Within the pituitary gland, CRF2 receptor mRNA was detectable only at very low levels in scattered cells while CRF1 receptor mRNA was readily detectable in anterior and intermediate lobes. This heterogeneous distribution of CRF1 and CRF2 receptor mRNA suggests distinctive functional roles for each receptor in CRF-related systems. The CRF1 receptor may be regarded as the primary neuroendocrine pituitary CRF receptor and important in cortical, cerebellar and sensory roles of CRF. The anatomical distribution of CRF2 receptor mRNA indicates a role for this novel receptor in hypothalamic neuroendocrine, autonomic and general behavioral actions of central CRF.
Increased renal expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor VEGFR-2 in experimental diabetes. (1999)

It has been suggested that the cytokine vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, but its role in nephropathy has not been clearly demonstrated. Assessment of VEGF, 125I-VEGF binding, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) in the kidney was performed after 3 and 32 weeks of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Gene expression of both VEGF and VEGFR-2 was assessed by Northern blot analysis and the localization of the ligand and receptor was examined by in situ hybridization. VEGF and VEGFR-2 protein were also evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Binding of the radioligand 125I-VEGF was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo autoradiography. Diabetes was associated with increased renal VEGF gene expression. VEGF mRNA and protein were localized to the visceral epithelial cells of the glomerulus and to distal tubules and collecting ducts in both diabetic and nondiabetic rats. Renal VEGFR-2 mRNA was increased after 3 weeks of diabetes but not in long-term diabetes. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies revealed that glomerular endothelial cells were the major site of VEGFR-2 expression. In addition, VEGFR-2 gene expression was detected in cortical and renomedullary interstitial cells and on endothelial cells of peritubular capillaries. There was an increase in 125I-VEGF binding sites after 3 but not 32 weeks of diabetes. The major VEGF binding sites were in the glomeruli. 125I-VEGF binding was also observed in medullary rays and in the renal papillae. These studies indicate an early and persistent increase in renal VEGF gene expression in association with experimental diabetes. In addition, an early and transient increase in renal VEGF receptors was also observed in diabetic rats. These findings are consistent with a role for VEGF in mediating some of the changes observed in the diabetic kidney.
Energy considerations in multichip-module based multiprocessors (2002)

Multichip modules permit highly efficient implementation of tiled architectures. If the tiles are implemented in submicron CMOS, extremely highly computation rates can be achieved, but power dissipation becomes the principal factor limiting achievable levels of integration and performance. Some examples of tiled architectures are described. The feasibility and advantages of reduced voltage operation for reducing energy per operation in power constrained environments are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Expression of the MAGE gene family in human hepatocellular carcinoma (1999)

These findings demonstrated that MAGE gene expression is frequent in HCC, thus suggesting that HCC patients may be good candidates for specific immunotherapy using MAGE peptides.
Single Locus, Multiallelic Inheritance of Erucic Acid Content and Linkage Mapping of FAE1 Gene in Yellow Mustard (2013)

ABSTRACT With our objective to develop inbred lines as synthetic components in yellow mustard ( Sinapis alba L.), we have isolated different erucic acid variants. The genetic basis of variation in erucic content was investigated using the four variants Y517, Y496, Y1130, and Y514 with high (approximately 50%), medium (approximately 24%), low (approximately 1.4%), and zero (&lt;0.1%) erucic contents, respectively. The segregation of this trait in the BC 1 F 1 and F 2 populations of the two crosses Y514 × Y496 and Y514 × Y517 indicated that it was under monogenic control with partial dominance for the high content. To test the allelism of the genes for high, medium, and low erucic contents, crosses were made among Y517, Y496, and Y1130, respectively. The erucic content was also controlled by one gene and no transgressive segregant of zero erucic phenotype was observed in the resulting F 2 populations. Therefore, it was concluded that the genes for high, medium, low, and zero erucic contents were different alleles of the same locus. Accordingly, we designated the erucic alleles in Y517, Y496, Y1130, and Y514, as “ E 1 ,” “ E 2 ,” “ E 3 ,” and “ e ,” respectively. The regional linkage maps of the high erucic gene FAE1.E 1 and the medium erucic gene FAE1.E 2 were constructed using intron length polymorphism markers. The two genes FAE1.E 1 and FAE1.E 2 were mapped to the same chromosomal position, further confirming the single locus, multiallelic control of erucic content in yellow mustard.
Repurposed JAK1/JAK2 Inhibitor Reverses Established Autoimmune Insulitis in NOD Mice (2017)

Recent advances in immunotherapeutics have not yet changed the routine management of autoimmune type 1 diabetes. There is an opportunity to repurpose therapeutics used to treat other diseases to treat type 1 diabetes, especially when there is evidence for overlapping mechanisms. Janus kinase (JAK) 1/JAK2 inhibitors are in development or clinical use for indications including rheumatoid arthritis. There is good evidence for activation of the JAK1/JAK2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 pathway in human type 1 diabetes and in mouse models, especially in β-cells. We tested the hypothesis that using these drugs to block the JAK-STAT pathway would prevent autoimmune diabetes. The JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor AZD1480 blocked the effect of cytokines on mouse and human β-cells by inhibiting MHC class I upregulation. This prevented the direct interaction between CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and β-cells, and reduced immune cell infiltration into islets. NOD mice treated with AZD1480 were protected from autoimmune diabetes, and diabetes was reversed in newly diagnosed NOD mice. This provides mechanistic groundwork for repurposing clinically approved JAK1/JAK2 inhibitors for type 1 diabetes.
Current clinical and laboratory strategies to augment the efficacy of immunotherapy in multiple myeloma. (2001)

Multiple myeloma is still an incurable, lethal disease for the vast majority of patients. Myeloablative chemotherapy combined with autologous or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation only partially met the great expectations initially set in its efficacy and is associated with a high level of toxicity. However, the considerable progress in understanding the biology of multiple myeloma led to the development of promising molecular therapies. Numerous immunotherapy-based approaches are currently evaluated in clinical trials. Moreover, remarkable progress has been achieved in gene therapy during the last decade, and the repertoire of gene transfer techniques can be expected to improve continuously. Gene transfer is increasingly applied in biological therapies in multiple myeloma. This article reviews the currently applied clinical and laboratory strategies to augment the efficacy of immunotherapy in multiple myeloma and aims to define its perspectives in multimodality treatment of multiple myeloma.
Frequency- and Time-dependent Geometry for Real-time Auralizations (2010)

The quality of present-day room acoustic simulations stands and falls by the quality of the underlying CAD room models. A ‘high-quality’ room model does not implicate that it has to be highly detailed with a lot of small objects and ornamentation. High accuracy of a model and its auralization is only achieved when basic acoustic principles are regarded. This means for geometrically based simulations that wavelengths from 1.7cm till 17m have to be handled with regard to their reflection/scattering pattern at room or object surfaces. As this spans the dimensions of the majority of known objects, walls etc., only an adapting room model that changes its level of detail accordingly to the incident sound wave frequency can ensure correct results, e.g. for low-frequency specular reflections. When it comes to real-time auralizations, which are used in sophisticated virtual reality systems, another emerging aspect is how to deal with very complex room geometries in limited computation time. Using active frequency dependent geometry has great advantages in this discipline due to much faster simulations when simple geometries with a low polygon count are involved. Lower frequencies typically travel much longer than higher ones in common rooms and thus they produce the majority of computation load which is now significantly reduced, yielding a great speed-up potential. Going on, the introduction of a temporal discretization reducing room model details step by step over the duration of the room impulse response can save valuable computation resources as well. This technique makes use of perceptual characteristics of the human ear, which is not able to distinguish fine structures in the late part of the impulse response. Furthermore, most of the energy in this late part originates from diffuse reflections for which the exact geometry does not matter. Thus, the active geometry model switches to simpler structures for late reflections. In this contribution, the newly developed active geometry model, which uses a frequency and time dependent level of detail, will be presented as well as results from comparative listening tests. These could point out the necessary complexity for the highest detail step as well as the maximally allowed simplification based on human perception.
Association ofFAS (TNFRSF6)-670 gene polymorphism with villous atrophy in coeliac disease (2004)

FAS-G670A gene polymorphism is associated with the severity of villous atrophy in CD. Female gender is also associated with the severity of villous atrophy.
Vaccination of advanced prostate cancer patients with PSCA and PSA peptide‐loaded dendritic cells induces DTH responses that correlate with superior overall survival (2006)

Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) are overexpressed in most prostate cancers. PSCA- and PSA-derived, HLA-A2 binding peptides are specific targets for T-cell responses in vitro. A phase I/II trial was performed to demonstrate feasibility, safety and induction of antigen-specific immunity by vaccination with dendritic cells (DC) presenting PSCA and PSA peptides in patients with hormone- and chemotherapy-refractory prostate cancer. Patients received 4 vaccinations with a median of 2.7 x 10(7) peptide-loaded mature DC s.c. in biweekly intervals. Clinical responses were assessed 2 weeks after the 4th vaccination. Immune monitoring was performed by DTH and HLA multimer analysis. Twelve patients completed vaccination without relevant toxicities. Six patients had stable disease after 4 vaccinations. One patient had a complete disappearance of lymphadenopathy despite rising PSA. Four patients with SD and 1 progressor developed a positive DTH after the 4th vaccination. With a median survival of all patients of 13.4 months, DTH-positivity was associated with significantly superior survival (p = 0.003). HLA tetramer analysis detected high frequencies of peptide-specific T cells after 2 vaccinations in 1 patient who was also the sole responder to concomitant hepatitis B vaccination as an indicator of immune competence and survived 27 months after start of vaccination. Vaccination with PSA/PSCA peptide-loaded, autologous DCs may induce cellular responses primarily in immunocompetent patients, which appear to be associated with clinical benefit. Testing of DC-based vaccination is warranted for patients at earlier stages of prostate cancer.
Chain Migration of Neuronal Precursors (1996)

In the brain of adult mice, cells that divide in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle migrate up to 5 millimeters to the olfactory bulb where they differentiate into neurons. These migrating cells were found to move as chains through a well-defined pathway, the rostral migratory stream. Electron microscopic analysis of serial sections showed that these chains contained only closely apposed, elongated neuroblasts connected by membrane specializations. A second cell type, which contained glial fibrillary acidic protein, ensheathed the chains of migrating neuroblasts. Thus, during chain migration, neural precursors moved associated with each other and were not guided by radial glial or axonal fibers.
Frequency of generalized transducing phages in natural isolates of the Salmonella typhimurium complex (1995)

From 85 natural isolates of the Salmonella typhimurium complex, including the Salmonella reference collection A (P. Beltran, S. A. Plock, N. H. Smith, T. S. Whittam, D. C. Old, and R. K. Selander, J. Gen. Microbiol. 137:601-606, 1991), 65 strains (76.5%) released 71 different temperate phages. Forty-three (93.5%) of 46 tested phages were able to transduce the chromosomal markers his+ and trp+ and the cloning vector pBR325.
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Studies in 22 Cases of Plasma Cell Leukemia. (2006)

Abstract Background Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare malignant plasma cell disorder that usually carries an aggressive course with a rapidly fatal outcome. Cytogenetic studies performed on plasma cell disorder are scarce and difficult because of the low proliferation rate of plasma cells. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis is an attractive alternative for evaluation of numerical and structural chromosomal changes in PCL. Methods Interphase FISH (I-FISH) and two different specific probes for the regions containing 13q14.3 (D13S319) or 14q32 (IGHC/IGHV) were used to detect 13q14 deletion [del(13q14)] or IgH rearrangement in 22 PCL patients. For patients with IgH rearrangement, probes for IgH(JH) and 11q13 (CCND1) or 4p16 (FGFR3) were used to detect t(11;14)(q13;q32) or t(4;14)(p16;q32). Results Molecular cytogenetic aberrations were found in 19 of 22 (86.4%) PCL patients. Del(13q14) was detected in 13 cases (59.1%), and IgH rearrangement in 17 (77.3%) patients including 7 with t(11;14) and 3 with t(4;14). 14q32 rearrangement and 13q14 deletion were found concurrently in 11 cases (50%). Conclusions Chromosomal abnormalities are frequent in PCL. The most frequent aberrations among the cases was the 14q32 rearrangement and 13q14 deletion. I-FISH technique is useful to detect molecular cytogenetic aberrations and should be used in the routine evaluation of PCL.
High Potency of Indolyl Aryl Sulfone Nonnucleoside Inhibitors towards Drug-Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase Mutants Is Due to Selective Targeting of Different Mechanistic Forms of the Enzyme (2005)

Indolyl aryl sulfone (IAS) nonnucleoside inhibitors have been shown to potently inhibit the growth of wild-type and drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), but their exact mechanism of action has not been elucidated yet. Here, we describe the mechanism of inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) by selected IAS derivatives. Our results showed that, depending on the substitutions introduced in the IAS common pharmacophore, these compounds can be made selective for different enzyme-substrate complexes. Moreover, we showed that the molecular basis for this selectivity was a different association rate of the drug to a particular enzymatic form along the reaction pathway. By comparing the activities of the different compounds against wild-type RT and the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-resistant mutant Lys103Asn, it was possible to hypothesize, on the basis of their mechanism of action, a rationale for the design of drugs which could overcome the steric barrier imposed by the Lys103Asn mutation.