gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purified interleukin 5 supports the terminal differentiation and proliferation of murine eosinophilic precursors. (1988)

Using a clonal culture system, we investigated the hemopoietic effects of purified recombinant IL-5 obtained from conditioned media of transfected Xenopus oocytes. IL-5 alone acted on untreated bone marrow cells and supported the formation of a small number of colonies, all of which were predominantly eosinophilic. However, it did not support colony formation by spleen cells from 5-FU-treated mice, in which only primitive stem cells had survived, while IL-3 and G-CSF did. Eosinophil-containing colonies were formed from these cells in the presence of IL-5 and G-CSF together. In contrast, G-CSF alone did not support any eosinophil colonies. The eosinophilopoietic effect of IL-5 was dose-dependent, and was neutralized specifically by anti-IL-5 antibody. To exclude the possibility of interactions with accessory cells in the same culture dish, we replated a small number (200 cells/dish) of enriched hemopoietic progenitors, obtained from blast cell colonies, which were formed by cultivation of spleen cells from 5-FU-treated mice in the presence of IL-3 or G-CSF. From these replated blast cells, eosinophil colonies were induced in dishes containing IL-5 but not in those containing G-CSF alone. From these findings, it was concluded that IL-5 did not act on primitive hemopoietic cells, but on blast cells induced by IL-3 or G-CSF. IL-5 specifically facilitated the terminal differentiation and proliferation of eosinophils. In this respect, the role of IL-5 in eosinophilopoiesis seems to be analogous to erythropoietin, which promotes the terminal differentiation and amplification of erythroid cells. Moreover, IL-5 maintained the viability of mature eosinophils obtained from peritoneal exudate cells of the mice infected with parasites, indicating mature functional eosinophils carried IL-5 receptors. The synergistic effects of IL-5 and colony-stimulating factors on the expansion of eosinophils is supposed to contribute to the urgent mobilization of eosinophils at the time of helminthic infections and allergic responses.
Preparation of a novel CdS nanocluster material from a thiophenolate-capped CdS cluster by chemical removal of SPh− ligands (1997)

Oxidation of the surface-capping SPh - ligands of the CdS cluster [S 4 Cd 10 (SPh) 16 ] 4- in solution has been explored as a route to the synthesis of larger, well defined nanocrystals of CdS. Iodine was found to oxidise and remove the SPh - ligands and effect the growth of a CdS cluster with a sharp UV–VIS absorption peak at 371 nm. Electrospray mass spectra indicate that the first step in the transformation involves the loss of the four [Cd(SPh) 4 ] units at the cluster corners. Characterisation by FTIR and UV–VIS spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction showed that the material consists of iodide-capped clusters of approximately 15 Å diameter. The isolated material redissolved in DMF where its emission spectrum showed a strong broad band at 510 nm.
miR-93, miR-98, and miR-197 Regulate Expression of Tumor Suppressor Gene FUS1 (2009)

FUS1 is a tumor suppressor gene located on human chromosome 3p21, and expression of Fus1 protein is highly regulated at various levels, leading to lost or greatly diminished tumor suppressor function in many lung cancers. Here we show that selected microRNAs (miRNA) interact with the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of FUS1, leading to down-regulation of protein expression. Using computational methods, we first predicted that FUS1 is a target of three miRNAs, miR-93, miR-98, and miR-197, and then showed that exogenous overexpression of these miRNAs inhibited Fus1 protein expression. We then confirmed that the three miRNAs target the 3'UTR region of the FUS1 transcript and that individual deletion of the three miRNA target sites in the FUS1 3'UTR restores the expression level of Fus1 protein. We further found that miR-93 and miR-98 are expressed at higher levels in small-cell lung cancer cell lines (SCLC) than in non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines (NSCLC) and immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC), and that miR-197 is expressed at higher levels in both SCLCs and NSCLCs than in HBECs. Finally, we found that elevated miR-93 and miR-197 expression is correlated with reduced Fus1 expression in NSCLC tumor specimens. These results suggest that the three miRNAs are negative regulators of Fus1 expression in lung cancers.
JAK1 Activates STAT3 Activity in Non-Small–Cell Lung Cancer Cells and IL-6 Neutralizing Antibodies Can Suppress JAK1-STAT3 Signaling (2011)

Members of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family of transcription factors are potential targets for the treatment and prevention of cancers including non-small-cell lung cancer. STAT proteins can be phosphorylated and activated by diverse upstream kinases including cytokine receptors and tyrosine kinases. We examined STAT protein activation in lung cancer cell lines including those with activating mutations in the EGFR and examined upstream kinases responsible for STAT3 phosphorylation and activation using small molecules, antibodies, and RNA interference. We found more pronounced STAT3 activation in cells with activating EGFR mutations, yet inhibition of EGFR activity had no effect on STAT3 activation. Inhibition of JAK1 with small molecules or RNA interference resulted in loss of STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation and inhibition of cell growth. An interleukin-6 neutralizing antibody, siltuximab (CNTO 328) could inhibit STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation in a cell-dependent manner. Siltuximab could completely inhibit STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation in H1650 cells, and this resulted in inhibition of lung cancer cell growth in vivo. Combined EGFR inhibition with erlotinib and siltuximab resulted in dual inhibition of both tyrosine and serine STAT3 phosphorylation, more pronounced inhibition of STAT3 transcriptional activity, and translated into combined effects on lung cancer growth in a mouse model. Our results suggest that JAK1 is responsible for STAT3 activation in lung cancer cells and that indirect attacks on JAK1-STAT3 using an IL-6 neutralizing antibody with or without EGFR inhibition can inhibit lung cancer growth in lung cancer subsets.
A Human Lymph Node In Vitro—Challenges and Progress (2006)

Extracorporeal human lymphatic organs are expected to be excellent tools in the study of human molecular and cellular bases of the immunologic balance and tissue harmony. A rational approach and process to design a device and a procedure to recreate the human lymph node environment in vitro is described with emphasis on T-cell activation. Based on this approach, a bioreactor and a process supporting self-assembly of human lymphatic tissues due to proper emulation of human architecture and homeostasis could be developed.
Bilayer tablet technology: An overview (2011)

Over the past 30 years as the expense and complications involved in marketing new drug entities have increased, with concomitant recognition of the therapeutic advantages of controlled drug delivery, greater attention has been focused on development of sustained or controlled release drug delivery systems. Bilayer tablet is new era for the successful development of controlled release formulation along with various features to provide a way of successful drug delivery system.
A Ureido-Thioisobutyric Acid (GW9578) Is a Subtype-Selective PPARα Agonist with Potent Lipid-Lowering Activity (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXTA Ureido-Thioisobutyric Acid (GW9578) Is a Subtype-Selective PPARα Agonist with Potent Lipid-Lowering ActivityPeter J. Brown, Deborah A. Winegar, Kelli D. Plunket, Linda B. Moore, Michael C. Lewis, Joan G. Wilson, Scott S. Sundseth, Cecilia S. Koble, Zhengdong Wu, James M. Chapman, Jürgen M. Lehmann, Steven A. Kliewer, and Timothy M. WillsonView Author Information Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Metabolic Diseases, and Molecular Endocrinology, Glaxo Wellcome Research & Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, and College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1999, 42, 19, 3785–3788Publication Date (Web):September 4, 1999Publication History Received13 July 1999Published online4 September 1999Published inissue 1 September 1999https://doi.org/10.1021/jm9903601Copyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views851Altmetric-Citations101LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (82 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Agonists,Cholesterol,Receptors,Selectivity,Serum Get e-Alerts
Population screening and early detection of ovarian cancer in asymptomatic women (2009)

The National Breast and Ovarian Cancer Centre position statement: 'Population screening and early detection of ovarian cancer in asymptomatic women', was developed and agreed following a Forum in February 2009 attended by key Australian stakeholders. The final position statement and supporting background information have been endorsed by key Australian colleges and agencies. Position statement on population screening and early detection of ovarian cancer in asymptomatic women: 1) There is currently no evidence that any test, including pelvic examination, CA125 or other biomarkers, ultrasound (including transvaginal ultrasound), or combination of tests, results in reduced mortality from ovarian cancer. 2) There is no evidence to support the use of any test, including pelvic examination, CA125 or other biomarkers, ultrasound (including transvaginal ultrasound), or combination of tests, for routine population-based screening for ovarian cancer. 3) Further validation in large clinical trials is required before current or new biomarkers could be recommended for routine use in a population screening setting.
Structures of Lysenin Reveal a Shared Evolutionary Origin for Pore-Forming Proteins And Its Mode of Sphingomyelin Recognition (2012)

Pore-forming proteins insert from solution into membranes to create lesions, undergoing a structural rearrangement often accompanied by oligomerization. Lysenin, a pore-forming toxin from the earthworm Eisenia fetida, specifically interacts with sphingomyelin (SM) and may confer innate immunity against parasites by attacking their membranes to form pores. SM has important roles in cell membranes and lysenin is a popular SM-labeling reagent. The structure of lysenin suggests common ancestry with other pore-forming proteins from a diverse set of eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The complex with SM shows the mode of its recognition by a protein in which both the phosphocholine headgroup and one acyl tail are specifically bound. Lipid interaction studies and assays using viable target cells confirm the functional reliance of lysenin on this form of SM recognition.
Exact Action Spectra for Cellular Responses Relevant to Phototherapy (2005)

In the wavelength range important for phototherapy (600-860 nm), there are four "active" regions, but peak positions are not exactly the same for all spectra.
Glossary of Digital Dental Terms (2016)

This glossary has been developed by the American College of Prosthodontists (ACP) in an effort to standardize the terminology involved in the practice of dentistry using advanced digital technology. It is presented as an alphabetical list of terms or words found in or relating to digital dentistry, offering either an explanation or definition. The glossary is also intended to promote the application of those technologies among all dental practitioners; as the first written guidance establishing common terminology, the terms presented herein will be found applicable to any user of advanced digital dental technology (ADDT), and can serve as a basis for communication among practitioners. Advanced digital dental technology continues to introduce new strategies and reveal new pathways for excellence in patient care. The intent of the ACP is to continually monitor and update the glossary as a dynamic resource for the dental community. It is expected that the terms will be reviewed and updated annually. Digital Dentistry Glossary Development Task Force American College of Prosthodontists
Femtosecond laser waveguide micromachining of PMMA films with azoaromatic chromophores (2008)

We report on the femtosecond-laser micromachining of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films doped with nonlinear azoaromatic chromophores: Disperse Red 1, Disperse Red 13 and Disperse Orange 3. We study the conditions for controlling chromophore degradation during the micromachining of PMMA doped with each chromophore. Furthermore, we successfully used fs-micromachining to fabricate optical waveguides within a bulk sample of PMMA doped with these azochromophores.
Schedule-dependent activity of 5-fluorouracil and irinotecan combination in the treatment of human colorectal cancer: in vitro evidence and a phase I dose-escalating clinical trial (2006)

Several schedules of 5-fluorouracil (FU) and irinotecan (IRI) have been shown to improve overall survival in advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). Preclinical evidence suggests that the sequential administration of IRI and FU produces synergistic activity, although their clinical use has not been fully optimised. We investigated the interaction between short-term exposure to SN-38, the active metabolite of IRI, and prolonged exposure to FU in human CRC HT-29 cells and observed that the synergism of action between the two agents can be increased by extending the time of cell exposure to FU and reducing the interval between administration of the two agents. Based on these findings, we performed a phase I trial in 25 advanced CRC patients using a modified IRI/FU regimen as first-line therapy and evaluated three dose levels of IRI (150-300 mg/m(2)) and two of continuous infusion of FU (800-1000 mg/m(2)) in a 3-weekly schedule. The most severe grade III-IV toxicities were neutropoenia in four cycles and diarrhoea in three. One patient achieved complete response (4%), 12 a partial response (48%), the overall response rate was 52% (+/-20, 95% CI); seven of 25 patients had stable disease (28%), the overall disease control was 80% (+/-16, 95% CI). This modified IRI/FU schedule is feasible and exhibits potentially interesting clinical activity.
Efficient, all-solid-state, Raman laser in the yellow, orange and red (2004)

We report efficient operation of a KGd(WO(4))(2) Raman laser pumped by a small, 1 W, 532 nm laser module. By changing the output coupler and Raman crystal orientation, more than 8 wavelengths in the yellow-to-red spectral region were generated including 555 nm, 559 nm, 579 nm, 589 nm, 606 nm, 622 nm, 636 nm and 658 nm, ie., the first 4 Stokes orders on the two orthogonal high-gain Raman shifts of KGd(WO(4))(2). We have also demonstrated spectrally pure output (typically >90% pure) for selected Stokes order with output power up to 400 mW. High slope efficiency (up to 68%) and high beam quality (M(2)~1.5) of Stokes output are obtained even at the highest pump power.
Robust Long-Distance Entanglement and a Loophole-Free Bell Test with Ions and Photons (2003)

Two trapped ions that are kilometers apart can be entangled by the joint detection of two photons, each coming from one of the ions, in a basis of entangled states. Such a detection is possible with linear optical elements. The use of two-photon interference allows entanglement distribution free of interferometric sensitivity to the path length of the photons. The present method of creating entangled ions also opens up the possibility of a loophole-free test of Bell's inequalities.
Double-Stranded RNA-Activated Protein Kinase Regulates Early Innate Immune Responses During Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (2009)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of childhood viral bronchiolitis and lung injury. Inflammatory responses significantly contribute to lung pathologies during RSV infections and bronchiolitis but the exact mechanisms have not been completely defined. The double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) functions to inhibit viral replication and participates in several signaling pathways associated with innate inflammatory immune responses. Using a functionally defective PKR (PKR(-/-)) mouse model, we investigated the role of this kinase in early events of RSV-induced inflammation. Our data showed that bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from infected PKR(-/-) mice had significantly lower levels of several innate inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Histological examinations revealed that there was less lung injury in infected PKR(-/-) mice as compared to the wild type. A genome-wide analysis showed that several early antiviral and immune regulatory genes were affected by PKR activation. These data suggest that PKR is a signaling molecule for immune responses during RSV infections.
APLIKASI PENENTUAN JUMLAH ORDER KARENA PENGARUH KUANTITAS DISKON DENGAN METODE ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY (1985)

Two monoclonal antibodies, YPan1 and YPan2, were produced from spleen cells of mice immunized against a human pancreatic cancer cell line, Capan-2, which also reacted with eight other human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines and with sections of cancerous human pancreas tissue. Reactivity was also found with colonic and stomach carcinoma tissues. Whereas YPan1 reacted strongly with normal pancreatic tissue, it bound weakly, if at all, to a variety of other normal tissues. YPan1 reacted with both the membranes and cytoplasm of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells and with constituents of normal pancreatic ductal cells and duct luminal contents. YPan2, on the other hand, reacts to a greater degree with intracytoplasmic constituents in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. Unlike YPan1, YPan2 reacted weakly with only one of 16 cases of normal pancreas. Pretreatment of the tissue with neuraminidase abolished YPan1's reactivity, which indicated that sialic acid may be involved in the antigenic activity of the molecule(s) recognized by YPan1. Neuraminidase pretreatment had no effect on YPan2 reactivity. Neither YPan1 nor YPan2 competed with 19-9 monoclonal antibody in binding to soluble CA 19-9 antigen. These results suggest that these monoclonal antibodies are of potential use in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma.
Phylum‐wide general protein O‐glycosylation system of the Bacteroidetes (2013)

The human gut symbiont Bacteroides fragilis has a general protein O-glycosylation system in which numerous extracytoplasmic proteins are glycosylated at a three amino acid motif. In B. fragilis, protein glycosylation is a fundamental and essential property as mutants with protein glycosylation defects have impaired growth and are unable to competitively colonize the mammalian intestine. In this study, we analysed the phenotype of B. fragilis mutants with defective protein glycosylation and found that the glycan added to proteins is comprised of a core glycan and an outer glycan. The genetic region encoding proteins for the synthesis of the outer glycan is conserved within a Bacteroides species but divergent between species. Unlike the outer glycan, an antiserum raised to the core glycan reacted with all Bacteroidetes species tested, from all four classes of the phylum. We found that diverse Bacteroidetes species synthesize numerous glycoproteins and glycosylate proteins at the same three amino acid motif. The wide-spread conservation of this protein glycosylation system within the phylum suggests that this system of post-translational protein modification evolved early, before the divergence of the four classes of Bacteroidetes, and has been maintained due to its physiological importance to the diverse species of this phylum.
Activation of P2X7 Promotes Cerebral Edema and Neurological Injury after Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice (2012)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Cerebral edema, the abnormal accumulation of fluid within the brain parenchyma, contributes to elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) and is a common life-threatening neurological complication following TBI. Unfortunately, neurosurgical approaches to alleviate increased ICP remain controversial and medical therapies are lacking due in part to the absence of viable drug targets. In the present study, genetic inhibition (P2X7-/- mice) of the purinergic P2x7 receptor attenuated the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and reduced cerebral edema following controlled cortical impact, as compared to wild-type mice. Similarly, brilliant blue G (BBG), a clinically non-toxic P2X7 inhibitor, inhibited IL-1β expression, limited edemic development, and improved neurobehavioral outcomes after TBI. The beneficial effects of BBG followed either prophylactic administration via the drinking water for one week prior to injury or via an intravenous bolus administration up to four hours after TBI, suggesting a clinically-implementable therapeutic window. Notably, P2X7 localized within astrocytic end feet and administration of BBG decreased the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a reactive astrocyte marker, and attenuated the expression of aquaporin-4 (AQP4), an astrocytic water channel that promotes cellular edema. Together, these data implicate P2X7 as a novel therapeutic target to prevent secondary neurological injury after TBI, a finding that warrants further investigation.
Vascular Endothelial Cadherin Promotes Breast Cancer Progression via Transforming Growth Factor β Signaling (2008)

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important event during carcinoma progression and leads to increased tumor cell malignancy. Here, we show that vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin is induced during EMT in mammary tumor cells and is aberrantly expressed in invasive human breast carcinomas. VE-cadherin enhanced the capacity of fibroblastoid tumor cells to proliferate, form cord-like invasive structures, and adhere to endothelial cells, characteristics that are key contributors to their increased malignancy and metastatic potential. Consistently, VE-cadherin expression in malignant fibroblastoid tumor cells promoted the growth of experimental mammary carcinomas in vivo. Analysis of the signaling mechanisms involved revealed that VE-cadherin expression influences the levels of Smad2 phosphorylation and expression of target genes of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), a major mediator of advanced tumor progression and malignant tumor cell proliferation. VE-cadherin might thus promote tumor progression not only by contributing to tumor angiogenesis but also by enhancing tumor cell proliferation via the TGF-beta signaling pathway. This article provides evidence for a novel function of VE-cadherin in tumor progression and reveals a previously unknown molecular link between VE-cadherin expression and TGF-beta signaling. Our findings may have important implications for the clinical application of anti-VE-cadherin strategies.