gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Significant Roles of Inducible Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in Angiogenesis in Rat Sponge Implants. (1997)

Angiogenesis in rat sponge implants, as determined from the concentration of hemoglobin in the sponge granuloma tissues, was gradually increased over a 14-day experimental period. The inducible cyclooxygenase COX-2 was detected in the sponge granuloma tissues at day 4 by Western blot analysis using specific mouse COX-2 antibody. Angiogenesis in the sponge implants was enhanced by daily topical injections of human recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or human recombinant epidermal growth factor (EGF) (100 or 1000 ng/sponge/day) for 4 days. These treatments clearly enhanced the expression of COX-2 in the sponge granuloma tissues. In immunohistochemical studies, COX-2-positive staining was mainly observed in the endothelial cells of the neovasculature and in the fibroblasts of the granuloma capsule. Administration of the selective COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 (p.o., 3 mg/kg, 3 times a day) for 14 days significantly inhibited the angiogenesis. The angiogenesis enhanced with bFGF or EGF (day 4) was inhibited by administration of indomethacin or NS-398, both in the above regimen, and fell to the level obtained without growth factor treatment. These results suggest that COX-2 induced in the sponge granuloma tissues may participate in neovascularization through prostaglandin formation.
Traumatic stress and attachment. (1997)

Traumatic stress in the normal individual results in activation of the sympatho-adrenal system causing a rise in noradrenaline and adrenaline, stimulation of the thyroid system causing increased secretion of thyroid hormones and activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system resulting in elevated levels of cortisol. Studies in animals and in humans with posttraumatic stress disorder indicate that chronic traumatic stress can result in dissociation of the sympatho-adrenal medullary and the HPA system resulting in sustained elevations of the former system but suppressed or altered ACTH-corticoid responsivity. As reviewed by Henry, self preservative behavior with its emphasis on power and control, is associated with catecholamines, thyroid hormones and left hemispheric functioning while species preservative behavior, with its emphasis on attachment, familiarity, reverence and synchronicity, is associated with cortisol, oxytocin and right hemispheric functioning. Traumatic stress seems to disturb this hemispheric balance which is reflected in the suppression of cortisol and loss of attachment behavior and other species preservative right hemispheric functions.
The immunophenotype of splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes and its relevance to the differential diagnosis with other B-cell disorders (1994)

Splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes (SLVL) is a low-grade disorder that regularly presents with peripheral blood involvement. We describe the immunophenotype of the circulating cells from 100 SLVL patients whose disease has been characterized on clinical, morphologic, and histologic grounds. Cells from all cases expressed B-cell antigens (CD19 and CD37) and/or HLA-Dr and showed light chain restriction (kappa/lambda: 1.5/1) with moderate to strong intensity of membrane Ig staining. Cells from most cases (&gt; 80%) were CD24+, FMC7+, and expressed strongly membrane CD22. The monoclonal antibodies CD10, CD23, and CD38 were positive in one-third of the cases; CD11c in 47%; and CD25 in 25% of cases. A minority of cases (&lt; 20%) were positive with HC2, B-ly-7, and CD5. However, none of the 19 CD5+ cases had the phenotype characteristic of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CD5+, CD23+, FMC7-, weak surface Ig and membrane CD22). None of the 17 CD25+ cases had the immunophenotype typical of hairy cell leukemia (CD25+, CD11c+, HC2+, B-ly-7+). HC2 and B-ly-7 were the most useful reagents to distinguish SLVL from hairy cell leukemia. Our findings demonstrate that SLVL has a distinct immunologic profile and that monoclonal antibodies are important for the differential diagnosis between this disease and other B-lymphoproliferative disorders with which SLVL can be confused.
Symbionts as Major Modulators of Insect Health: Lactic Acid Bacteria and Honeybees (2012)

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are well recognized beneficial host-associated members of the microbiota of humans and animals. Yet LAB-associations of invertebrates have been poorly characterized and their functions remain obscure. Here we show that honeybees possess an abundant, diverse and ancient LAB microbiota in their honey crop with beneficial effects for bee health, defending them against microbial threats. Our studies of LAB in all extant honeybee species plus related apid bees reveal one of the largest collections of novel species from the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium ever discovered within a single insect and suggest a long (>80 mya) history of association. Bee associated microbiotas highlight Lactobacillus kunkeei as the dominant LAB member. Those showing potent antimicrobial properties are acquired by callow honey bee workers from nestmates and maintained within the crop in biofilms, though beekeeping management practices can negatively impact this microbiota. Prophylactic practices that enhance LAB, or supplementary feeding of LAB, may serve in integrated approaches to sustainable pollinator service provision. We anticipate this microbiota will become central to studies on honeybee health, including colony collapse disorder, and act as an exemplar case of insect-microbe symbiosis.
Cell and Microvesicle Urine microRNA Deep Sequencing Profiles from Healthy Individuals: Observations with Potential Impact on Biomarker Studies (2016)

miRNA profiling of both urine EVs and sediment cells can convey biologically important differences between individuals. However, to be useful as urine biomarkers, careful consideration is needed for biofluid fractionation and sex-specific analysis, while the time of voiding appears to be less important.
Transforming growth factor-beta 1 modulates beta 1 and beta 5 integrin receptors and induces the de novo expression of the alpha v beta 6 heterodimer in normal human keratinocytes: implications for wound healing. (1995)

The molecular mechanism underlying the promotion of wound healing by TGF-beta 1 is incompletely understood. We report that TGF-beta 1 regulates the regenerative/migratory phenotype of normal human keratinocytes by modulating their integrin receptor repertoire. In growing keratinocyte colonies but not in fully stratified cultured epidermis, TGF-beta 1: (a) strongly upregulates the expression of the fibronectin receptor alpha 5 beta 1, the vitronectin receptor alpha v beta 5, and the collagen receptor alpha 2 beta 1 by differentially modulating the synthesis of their alpha and beta subunits; (b) downregulates the multifunctional alpha 3 beta 1 heterodimer; (c) induces the de novo expression and surface exposure of the alpha v beta 6 fibronectin receptor; (d) stimulates keratinocyte migration toward fibronectin and vitronectin; (e) induces a marked perturbation of the general mechanism of polarized domain sorting of both beta 1 and beta 4 dimers; and (f) causes a pericellular redistribution of alpha v beta 5. These data suggest that alpha 5 beta 1, alpha v beta 6, and alpha v beta 5, not routinely used by keratinocytes resting on an intact basement membrane, act as "emergency" receptors, and uncover at least one of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the peculiar integrin expression in healing human wounds. Indeed, TGF-beta 1 reproduces the integrin expression pattern of keratinocytes located at the injury site, particularly of cells in the migrating epithelial tongue at the leading edge of the wound. Since these keratinocytes are inhibited in their proliferative capacity, these data might account for the apparent paradox of a TGF-beta 1-dependent stimulation of epidermal wound healing associated with a growth inhibitory effect on epithelial cells.
Quantification of Plasma β-Catenin mRNA in Colorectal Cancer and Adenoma Patients (2004)

We conclude that plasma beta-catenin mRNA may potentially serve as a marker for colorectal cancer.
Extracellular Vesicles Improve Post-Stroke Neuroregeneration and Prevent Postischemic Immunosuppression (2015)

Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offers an interesting adjuvant approach next to thrombolysis for treatment of ischemic stroke. However, MSCs are not integrated into residing neural networks but act indirectly, inducing neuroprotection and promoting neuroregeneration. Although the mechanisms by which MSCs act are still elusive, recent evidence has suggested that extracellular vesicles (EVs) might be responsible for MSC-induced effects under physiological and pathological conditions. The present study has demonstrated that EVs are not inferior to MSCs in a rodent stroke model. EVs induce long-term neuroprotection, promote neuroregeneration and neurological recovery, and modulate peripheral post-stroke immune responses. Also, because EVs are well-tolerated in humans, as previously reported, the administration of EVs under clinical settings might set the path for a novel and innovative therapeutic stroke concept without the putative side effects attached to stem cell transplantation.
Spontaneous Changes in Mitochondrial Membrane Potential in Cultured Neurons (2001)

Using the mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi(m))-sensitive fluorescent dyes 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine iodide (JC-1) and tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM), we have observed spontaneous changes in the DeltaPsi(m) of cultured forebrain neurons. These fluctuations in DeltaPsi(m) appear to represent partial, transient depolarizations of individual mitochondria. The frequency of these DeltaPsi(m) fluctuations can be significantly lowered by exposure to a photo-induced oxidant burden, an ATP synthase inhibitor, or a glutamate-induced sodium load, without changing overall JC-1 fluorescence intensity. These spontaneous fluctuations in JC-1 signal were not inhibited by altering plasma membrane activity with tetrodotoxin or MK-801 or by blocking the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) with cyclosporin A. Neurons loaded with TMRM showed similar, low-amplitude, spontaneous fluctuations in DeltaPsi(m). We hypothesize that these DeltaPsi(m) fluctuations are dependent on the proper functioning of the mitochondria and reflect mitochondria alternating between the active and inactive states of oxidative phosphorylation.
The Menopause: Health Implications and Clinical Management (1993)

A discussion of the menopause and the benefits and risks of hormone therapy should be part of the routine health care of older women. Since the use of hormone therapy is elective, health care providers must elicit the goals, needs, and preferences of each patient, supply her with relevant information, and serve as a facilitator of her individual decision.
Metabolic engineering of Escherichia colifor the biosynthesis of alpha-pinene (2013)

In this paper, by using metabolic engineering techniques, the more efficient biosynthetic pathway of α-pinene was successfully assembled in E. coli BL21(DE3) with the heterologous hybrid MVA pathway, GPPS2 and α-pinene synthase (Pt30). In addition, this is the first report on α-pinene fed-batch fermentation, and our results represent improvements over previous reports.
Boosting beyond static scheduling in a superscalar processor (1990)

This paper describes a superscalar processor that combines the best qualities of static and dynamic instruction scheduling to increase the performance of non-numerical applications. The architecture performs all instruction scheduling statically to take advantage of the compiler's ability to efficiently schedule operations across many basic blocks. Since the conditional branches in non-numerical code are highly data dependent, the architecture introduces the concept of boosted instructions, instructions that are committed conditionally upon the result of later branch instructions. Boosting effectively removes the dependencies caused by branches and makes the scheduling of side-effect instructions as simple as those that are side-effect free. For efficiency, boosting is supported in the hardware by shadow structures that temporarily hold the side effects of boosted instructions until the conditional branches that the boosted instructions depend upon are executed. When the branch condition is determined, the buffered side effects are either committed or squashed. The limited static scheduler in our evaluation system shows that a 1.6-times speedup over scalar code is achievable by boosting instructions above only a single conditional branch. This performance is similar to the performance of a pure dynamic scheduler.
Cancer immunology: the search for specificity--G. H. A. Clowes Memorial lecture. (1981)

The major focus of cancer immunology has shifted away from arguments about the validity of the immunosurveillance theory of cancer to the more basic question of tumor-specific antigens. Despite vast effort aimed at demonstrating such antigens, their existence in the generality of cancer remains unproven. Serological analysis of three tumor types, mouse leukemia, mouse sarcoma, and human malignant melanoma, has received most attention, and a rudimentary classification of the surface antigens expressed by these tumors has begun to emerge. The prime candidates for antigens that can be considered tumor specific are the few instances of Class 1 antigens that have now been serologically defined on mouse and human tumors. These antigens show an absolute restriction to individual tumors, not being demonstrable on any other normal or malignant cell type. Biochemical and genetic characterization of Class 1 antigens represents an essential next step in evaluating the significance of these antigens. The surprising features of the Thymus Leukemia (TL) antigens of the mouse provide insight into the genetic origin of another key class of tumor antigens, in this case antigens with characteristic properties of both differentiation antigens and tumor-specific antigens. In normal mice, TL antigens are restricted to cells in the thymus, and strains differ with regard to expression versus nonexpression of TL antigens. Genetic information for TL is universal in the mouse, however, as leukemias developing in mice that normally lack TL are found to express TL. What is clear from the past two decades of research in cancer immunology is that a far more detailed knowledge of surface antigens of tumor cells will be necessary before we can begin to assess the possibility of immunological control of cancer.
Mixed Polymer Micelles of Amphiphilic and Cationic Copolymers for Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotides (2004)

Cationic copolymers were synthesized by conjugation of branched 2 kDa polyethylenimine (PEI) and Pluronic block copolymers (F38, P85, P123). Compositions of these copolymers mixed with corresponding free Pluronics at weight ratio 1:9 were used to complex phosphorothioate oligonucleotides (ODN). As a result stable suspensions of small micelle-like particles (<220 nm) were obtained. Incorporation of ODN in these formulations increased uptake of ODN in KBv cells and increased sequence specific activity of antisense ODN targeted against MDR gene in multidrug resistant cells resulting in inhibition of the functional activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in these cells. Furthermore, these formulations increased transport of ODN across model intestinal barrier, Caco-2 cell monolayers, suggesting that they could be useful for oral delivery of biologically active ODN.
Effects of in vitro purging with 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide on the hematopoietic and microenvironmental elements of human bone marrow (1985)

(1) Hematopoietic progenitors cells, CFU-Mix, BFU-E, and CFU-GM, are highly sensitive to 4-HC, whereas marrow stromal progenitor cells are relatively resistant. (2) Marrows treated with 300 mumol/L 4-HC that are depleted of CFU-Mix, BFU-E, and CFU-GM can generate CFU-GM in LTMC, suggesting that most primitive hematopoietic stem cells (not represented by CFU-Mix) are spared by 4-HC up to this dose. (3) Consequently, the above colony assays are not suitable tools for predicting pluripotent stem cell survival after 4-HC treatment in vitro.
Design of 240,000 orthogonal 25mer DNA barcode probes (2009)

DNA barcodes linked to genetic features greatly facilitate screening these features in pooled formats using microarray hybridization, and new tools are needed to design large sets of barcodes to allow construction of large barcoded mammalian libraries such as shRNA libraries. Here we report a framework for designing large sets of orthogonal barcode probes. We demonstrate the utility of this framework by designing 240,000 barcode probes and testing their performance by hybridization. From the test hybridizations, we also discovered new probe design rules that significantly reduce cross-hybridization after their introduction into the framework of the algorithm. These rules should improve the performance of DNA microarray probe designs for many applications.
AC and DC percolative conductivity of single wall carbon nanotube polymer composites (2005)

Abstract The equations needed to correctly interpret both AC and DC conductivity results of single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) polymer composites and the scaling of these results onto a single master curve are presented. Brief discussions on the factors that determine the critical volume fraction (ϕ c ) and the percolation exponent ( t ) are also given. The results for a series of SWNT–polyimide composites are presented and the parameters obtained from fitting these results are discussed. The critical volume fraction for electrical percolation of the present composite was about 0.0005. Results obtained from previous work on SWNT (MWNT)–polymer composites and other percolation systems and the modeling (interpretation) of these results are also discussed and compared. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 3273–3287, 2005
Differentiation of U.S. and European isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by monoclonal antibodies (1993)

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to two U.S. isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus were prepared. Two MAbs specifically recognized a conserved epitope on the putative 15-kDa nucleocapsid protein of U.S. and European isolates of PRRS virus. Four other MAbs recognized epitopes on the 15-kDa protein of U.S. but not European isolates of PRRS virus. Collectively, this indicates that PRRS viruses contain both conserved and divergent epitopes on the 15-kDa viral protein.
A quartz amplifier for high-sensitivity Fourier-transform ion-cyclotron-resonance measurements with trapped ions (2019)

Single-ion sensitivity is obtained in precision Penning-trap experiments devoted to light (anti)particles or ions with low mass-to-charge ratios, by adding an inductance coil to an amplifier connected to the trap, both operated at 4 K. However, single-ion sensitivity has not been reached on heavy singly or doubly charged ions. In this publication, we present a new system to reach this point, based on the use of a quartz crystal as an inductance, together with a newly developed broad-band (BB) amplifier. We detect the reduced-cyclotron frequency of 40Ca+ ions stored in a 7-tesla open-ring Penning trap. By comparing the detected electric signal obtained with the BB amplifier and the fluorescence signal obtained by collecting the photons emitted by a trapped ion cloud, we show a detection limit below 110 ions. Adding the crystal, the electrical signal increases by a factor of about 30 at room temperature, which combined with the measured equivalent resistance and voltage noise, proves the feasibility of the system to reach single-ion sensitivity at 4 K.
Blood—cerebrospinal fluid transfer of plasma proteins during fetal development in the sheep (1980)

1. The penetration of human and sheep plasma proteins from blood into c.s.f. of sheep fetuses (57-86 days gestation) has been studied. The proteins were injected intravenously via cotyledonary vessels. After different time periods the c.s.f. concentrations of marker proteins were estimated by radioactive counting of iodinated human or sheep proteins or by immunoassay of human proteins.2. Several proteins of similar molecular size penetrated into c.s.f. to a different extent in 60 day fetuses. The steady-state c.s.f.: plasma ratios were about 15% for human AFP, 10% for human transferrin and sheep albumin, 7% for human alpha(1)-antitrypsin, and 5% for human albumin. In older fetuses the penetration of protein from blood into c.s.f. was much reduced and no evidence for differential penetration of different proteins was found.3. The penetration of human AFP, transferrin and sheep albumin from blood into c.s.f. was greater than can be accounted for by passive diffusion.4. The results of this paper are discussed in relation to those of the preceding paper on the identification and quantification of proteins in fetal c.s.f. and plasma. The hypothesis is put forward that the choroid plexus of the immature (60 days and less) sheep fetus contains a mechanism for the transcellular transfer of plasma proteins which may be selective in nature and of importance for some aspects of brain development.
Tumor necrosis factor α stimulates sphingomyelinase through the 55 kDa receptor in HL‐60 cells (1992)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) stimulated rapid (seconds) hydrolysis of sphingomyelin in HL-60 cells, formation of phosphocholine (PCho) and a decrease in choline. The response to TNF alpha was concentration dependent with a maximal effect at 3-10 nM. The monoclonal antibody (mAb), htr-9, which behaves as an agonist at the 55 kDa subtype of the TNF receptor, also stimulated sphingomyelin hydrolysis in intact cells. In contrast, the mAb, utr-1, which behaves as an antagonist at the 75 kDa receptor subtype, had no effect on sphingomyelin hydrolysis either on its own or in the presence of TNF alpha. In addition, htr-9 or TNF alpha stimulated hydrolysis of sphingomyelin in a membrane fraction of HL-60 cells. These results are consistent with a role of sphingomyelin hydrolysis as an early event in the signalling mechanism of TNF alpha, and suggest that this pathway is activated through the 55 kDa subtype of the TNF receptor.
Treatment of deep underlying reticular veins by Nd:Yag laser and IPL source. (2000)

A combined action of Nd:Yag laser and IPL has demonstrated its particular efficacy in non-invasive treatment of deep and extensive reticolar varicosity of the lower extremity, considering also that it is well tolerated by patients and applicable in each single case on out patient basis.