gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The blur effect: perception and estimation with a new no-reference perceptual blur metric (2007)

To achieve the best image quality, noise and artifacts are generally removed at the cost of a loss of details generating the blur effect. To control and quantify the emergence of the blur effect, blur metrics have already been proposed in the literature. By associating the blur effect with the edge spreading, these metrics are sensitive not only to the threshold choice to classify the edge, but also to the presence of noise which can mislead the edge detection. Based on the observation that we have difficulties to perceive differences between a blurred image and the same reblurred image, we propose a new approach which is not based on transient characteristics but on the discrimination between different levels of blur perceptible on the same picture. Using subjective tests and psychophysics functions, we validate our blur perception theory for a set of pictures which are naturally unsharp or more or less blurred through one or two-dimensional low-pass filters. Those tests show the robustness and the ability of the metric to evaluate not only the blur introduced by a restoration processing but also focal blur or motion blur. Requiring no reference and a low cost implementation, this new perceptual blur metric is applicable in a large domain from a simple metric to a means to fine-tune artifacts corrections.
Isolation of monoclonal antibodies recognizing rat bone-associated molecules in vitro and in vivo. (1992)

Knowledge of the number and kinds of differentiation steps that characterize cells of the osteoblast lineage is inadequate. To further analyze osteoblast differentiation, we generated a series of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to osteogenic cells. Spleen cells from mice immunized with whole-cell populations enriched for expression of osteoblast-associated properties or bone formation in vitro were fused with the SP2/0 myeloma cell line. Supernatants from growing hybridomas were screened by indirect immunofluorescence on frozen sections of a portion of 21-day fetal rat heads that included the calvaria bone, periosteum, muscle, fibrous connective tissue, and skin. Six MAb were selected with bone-associated staining and limited ability to label other tissues. Either cell surface or cytoplasmic molecules were recognized by five of the MAb; one recognized a molecule detectable both in the cytoplasm, on the cell surface, and in the extracellular matrix. Of the antibodies selected, one identified both preosteoblasts and osteoblasts and has been found to be against alkaline phosphatase. The others recognized the mature osteoblasts, osteocytes, and chondrocytic cells. The pattern and distribution of the labeling in vivo extended to primary cells and cell lines in vivo. These results support earlier observations on molecules differentially expressed by cells at different stages of the osteoblast lineage and extend the available cell surface and cytoplasmic epitopes identifiable as marker molecules.
Stratification is the key: Inflammatory biomarkers accurately direct immunomodulatory therapy in experimental sepsis* (2009)

Following CLP-induced sepsis, early and accurate survival prediction allows targeted immunosuppression that improves survival. Better survival occurred without suppression of the typical proinflammatory mediators, suggesting that the deaths were not mediated by excessive cytokine-driven inflammation. Nonspecific anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive treatment administered to more rigorously defined cohorts may be more successful than mediator-specific drugs used indiscriminately.
Prediction of antisense oligonucleotide binding affinity to a structured RNA target (1999)

Antisense oligonucleotides, which act through the pairing of complementary bases to an RNA target sequence, are showing great promise in research and clinical applications. However, the selection of effective antisense oligonucleotides has proven more difficult than initially presumed. We developed a prediction algorithm to identify those sequences with the highest predicted binding affinity for their target mRNA based on a thermodynamic cycle that accounts for the energetics of structural alterations in both the target mRNA and the oligonucleotide. The model was used to predict the binding affinity of antisense oligonucleotides complementary to the rabbit β-globin (RBG) and mouse tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) mRNAs, for which large experimental datasets were available. Of the top ten candidates identified by the algorithm for the RBG mRNA, six were the most strongly binding sequences determined from an experimental assay. The prediction for the TNFα mRNA also identified high affinity sequences with ∼60% accuracy. Computational prediction of antisense efficacy is more cost-efficient and faster than in vitro or in vivo selection and can potentially speed the development of sequences for both research and clinical applications. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 65: 1–9, 1999.
Data warehousing fundamentals : a comprehensive guide for IT professionals (2001)

Foreword. Preface. PART 1: OVERVIEW AND CONCEPTS. The Compelling Need for Data Warehousing. Data Warehouse: The Building Blocks. Trends in Data Warehousing. PART 2: PLANNING AND REQUIREMENTS. Planning and Project Management. Defining the Business Requirements. Requirements as the Driving Force for Data Warehousing. PART 3: ARCHITECTURE AND INFRASTRUCTURE. The Architectural Components. Infrastructure as the Foundation for Data Warehousing. The Significant Role of Metadata. PART 4: DATA DESIGN AND DATA PREPARATION. Principles of Dimensional Modeling. Dimensional Modeling: Advanced Topics. Data Extraction, Transformation, and Loading. Data Quality: A Key to Success. PART 5: INFORMATION ACCESS AND DELIVERY. Matching Information to the Classes of Users. OLAP in the Data Warehouse. Data Warehousing and the Web. Data Mining Basics. PART 6: IMPLEMENTATION AND MAINTENANCE. The Physical Design Process. Data Warehouse Deployment. Growth and Maintenance. Appendix A: Project Life Cycle Steps and Checklists. Appendix B: Critical Factors for Success. Appendix C: Guidelines for Evaluating Vendor Solutions. References. Glossary. Index.
Utilization of Ruthenium and Ruthenium-Iron Alloys as Bosch Process Catalysts (1982)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The Bosch process has been considered as a means to recover oxygen, from metabolic carbon dioxide through the catalytic production of water. Previous investigations have shown that the oxide formation accounts for the limited activity of the iron catalyst. On the other hand, the maximum water concentrations achievable in the nickel and cobalt systems have been shown to correspond to the carbide formation. This paper presents the results of an experimental study carried out to determine the effectiveness of ruthenium and its alloy with iron as alternative Bosch catalysts. Carbon deposition boundaries over the alloy catalysts are reported.&lt;/div&gt;
Introduction (2012)

When the Soviet Union disintegrated in 1991, many Cubans insisted upon their cultural and ideological differences from the Soviets and on the negligible impact of their ties to them. Caviar with Rum: Cuba-USSR and the Post-Soviet Experience is the first collection to examine how the interaction between Cuba and the Soviet Union is remembered today within distinct disciplines by participants and professional observers. The chapters bring to life how and why, these days, artists, writers, and politicians are indeed revisiting this period and what this means, not only for creative production, but also for the future of geopolitics. They make vivid the personal, popular, and emotional levels of the international relationship. What is remembered and how it is remembered are essential themes in many of these explorations of artistic and intellectual influences of the Soviet Bloc on the Caribbean island.
Origin of retinal pigment epithelium cell damage by pulsed laser irradiance in the nanosecond to microsecond time regimen (2000)

The origin of RPE cell damage for single pulse irradiation up to pulse durations of 3 microsec can be described by a damage mechanism in which microbubbles around the melanosomes cause a rupture of the cell structure. The threshold radiant exposure for RPE damage decreases with increasing number of pulses applied.
Docking flexible ligands to macromolecular receptors by molecular shape (1986)

We present a method to explore the interaction of flexible ligands with receptors of known geometry on the basis of molecular shape. This method is an extension of that described by Kuntz et al. (J. Mol. Biol. 1982, 161, 269). The shape of a binding site on a macromolecular receptor is represented as a set of overlapping spheres. Each ligand is divided into a small set of large rigid fragments that are docked separately into the binding site and then rejoined later in the calculation. The division of ligands into separate fragments allows a degree of flexibility at the position that joins them. The rejoined fragments are then energy minimized in the receptor site. We illustrate the method with two test cases: dihydrofolate reductase/methotrexate and prealbumin/thyroxine. For each test case, the method finds binding geometries for the ligand near that observed crystallographically as well as others that provide good steric fit with the receptor.
Role of ions in pool boiling heat transfer of pure and silica nanofluids (2005)

Heat transfer in silica nanofluids at different acidity and base is measured for various ionic concentrations in a pool boiling experiment. Nanosilica suspension increases the critical heat flux 3 times compared to conventional fluids. The 10-nm particles possess a thicker double diffuse layer compared to 20-nm particles. The catalytic properties of nanofluids decrease in the presence of salts, allowing the particles to cluster and minimize the potential increase in heat transfer. Nanofluids in a strong electrolyte, i.e., in high ionic concentration, allow a higher critical heat flux than in buffer solutions because of the difference in surface area. The formation and surface structure of the deposition affect the thermal properties of the liquid.
Effect of Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation on Parasympathetic Denervation: A Comparison of Three Different Ablation Sites (1998)

These data suggest that RF ablation produces parasympathetic denervation at all three sites along the mitral or tricuspid annulus and that parasympathetic fibers may be located predominantly in the septal area.
Genetic and physical mapping of X-linked Retinitis pigmentosa 2. (1996)

Purpose. To refine the genetic interval containing the RP2 locus, create a physical map of the region and identify novel retinally expressed genes which will be investigated as disease candidates. Methods. Haplotype analysis of xlRP families has been performed and this study is being extended to include other ophthalmic diseases mapping to the same interval. A YAC contig has been constructed utilising framework markers and novel STSs. To identify new genes in the region cDNA selection has been applied to key YACs. A candidate gene has been screened for mutations by direct sequencing in affected male patients. Results. The RP2 critical region has been reduced by at least 4 cM with new flanking markers MAOA and DXS6616. Genetic and physical map integration has resulted in the exclusion of several candidate genes. We have established a 3Mb YAC contig from DXS1264 to DXS1126 which is currently being extended distally towards MAOA, where a 1Mb contig has also been constructed. Key YACs have been used for cDNA selection and several novel cDNAs have been identified, these are currently undergoing further investigation. TIMP1 was sequenced in affected males from 6 RP2 families and no mutations were found. Conclusions. The genetic refinement of the RP2 critical interval in conjunction with physical mapping data and direct sequencing has enabled us to exclude several candidate genes. YACs from the contig are being utilised for cDNA selection which has resulted in the isolation of novel sequences. These are currently being mapped back to the contig and characterised. This work should provide candidate genes for several ocular diseases mapping to proximal Xp.
Implementing a cache consistency protocol (1985)

article Implementing a cache consistency protocol Share on Authors: R. H. Katz Computer Science Division, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA Computer Science Division, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CAView Profile , S. J. Eggers Computer Science Division, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA Computer Science Division, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CAView Profile , D. A. Wood Computer Science Division, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA Computer Science Division, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CAView Profile , C. L. Perkins Computer Science Division, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA Computer Science Division, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CAView Profile , R. G. Sheldon Computer Science Division, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA Computer Science Division, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture NewsVolume 13Issue 3June 1985 pp 276–283https://doi.org/10.1145/327070.327237Published:01 June 1985 238citation1,099DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations238Total Downloads1,099Last 12 Months24Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
RNAKINETICS: A WEB SERVER THAT MODELS SECONDARY STRUCTURE KINETICS OF AN ELONGATING RNA (2006)

The RNAKinetics server (http://www.ig-msk.ru/RNA/kinetics) is a web interface for the newly developed RNAKinetics software. The software models the dynamics of RNA secondary structure by the means of kinetic analysis of folding transitions of a growing RNA molecule. The result of the modeling is a kinetic ensemble, i.e. a collection of RNA structures that are endowed with probabilities, which depend on time. This approach gives comprehensive probabilistic description of RNA folding pathways, revealing important kinetic details that are not captured by the traditional structure prediction methods. The access to the RNAKinetics server is free.
Discovery and Characterization of ACT‐335827, an Orally Available, Brain Penetrant Orexin Receptor Type 1 Selective Antagonist (2013)

Stress relief: Orexin neuropeptides regulate arousal and stress processing through orexin receptor type 1 (OXR-1) and 2 (OXR-2) signaling. A selective OXR-1 antagonist, represented by a phenylglycine-amide substituted tetrahydropapaverine derivative (ACT-335827), is described that is orally available, penetrates the brain, and decreases fear, compulsive behaviors and autonomic stress reactions in rats.
Multi-view Face Detection Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (2015)

In this paper we consider the problem of multi-view face detection. While there has been significant research on this problem, current state-of-the-art approaches for this task require annotation of facial landmarks, e.g. TSM [25], or annotation of face poses [28, 22]. They also require training dozens of models to fully capture faces in all orientations, e.g. 22 models in HeadHunter method [22]. In this paper we propose Deep Dense Face Detector (DDFD), a method that does not require pose/landmark annotation and is able to detect faces in a wide range of orientations using a single model based on deep convolutional neural networks. The proposed method has minimal complexity; unlike other recent deep learning object detection methods [9], it does not require additional components such as segmentation, bounding-box regression, or SVM classifiers. Furthermore, we analyzed scores of the proposed face detector for faces in different orientations and found that 1) the proposed method is able to detect faces from different angles and can handle occlusion to some extent, 2) there seems to be a correlation between distribution of positive examples in the training set and scores of the proposed face detector. The latter suggests that the proposed method's performance can be further improved by using better sampling strategies and more sophisticated data augmentation techniques. Evaluations on popular face detection benchmark datasets show that our single-model face detector algorithm has similar or better performance compared to the previous methods, which are more complex and require annotations of either different poses or facial landmarks.
Amyloid β-Protein Fibrillogenesis (1999)

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by extensive cerebral amyloid deposition. Amyloid deposits associated with damaged neuropil and blood vessels contain abundant fibrils formed by the amyloid beta-protein (Abeta). Fibrils, both in vitro and in vivo, are neurotoxic. For this reason, substantial effort has been expended to develop therapeutic approaches to control Abeta production and amyloidogenesis. Achievement of the latter goal is facilitated by a rigorous mechanistic understanding of the fibrillogenesis process. Recently, we discovered a novel intermediate in the pathway of Abeta fibril formation, the amyloid protofibril (Walsh, D. M., Lomakin, A., Benedek, G. B., Condron, M. M., and Teplow, D. B. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 22364-22372). We report here results of studies of the assembly, structure, and biological activity of these polymers. We find that protofibrils: 1) are in equilibrium with low molecular weight Abeta (monomeric or dimeric); 2) have a secondary structure characteristic of amyloid fibrils; 3) appear as beaded chains in rotary shadowed preparations examined electron microscopically; 4) give rise to mature amyloid-like fibrils; and 5) affect the normal metabolism of cultured neurons. The implications of these results for the development of therapies for Alzheimer's disease and for our understanding of fibril assembly are discussed.
Superconducting current-phase relation in Nb/Au/(001)YBa2Cu3Ox heterojunctions (2000)

We probe directly the superconducting current-phase relations (CPR) of Nb/Au/(001) YBa2Cu3Ox heterojunctions prepared in epitaxial c-axis oriented YBa2Cu3Ox (YBCO) thin films. The measurements are performed by a single-junction interference experiment. Atomic Force Microscope observations and estimations made from I-V characteristics confirm the c-axis current transport. No deviation of the current-phase relation from a sinusoidal shape has been found within the experimental accuracy. Possible reasons of the absence of the second harmonic in the CPR due to a second order tunneling are discussed.
Cellular and nerve regeneration within a biosynthetic extracellular matrix for corneal transplantation (2003)

Our objective was to determine whether key properties of extracellular matrix (ECM) macromolecules can be replicated within tissue-engineered biosynthetic matrices to influence cellular properties and behavior. To achieve this, hydrated collagen and N-isopropylacrylamide copolymer-based ECMs were fabricated and tested on a corneal model. The structural and immunological simplicity of the cornea and importance of its extensive innervation for optimal functioning makes it an ideal test model. In addition, corneal failure is a clinically significant problem. Matrices were therefore designed to have the optical clarity and the proper dimensions, curvature, and biomechanical properties for use as corneal tissue replacements in transplantation. In vitro studies demonstrated that grafting of the laminin adhesion pentapeptide motif, YIGSR, to the hydrogels promoted epithelial stratification and neurite in-growth. Implants into pigs' corneas demonstrated successful in vivo regeneration of host corneal epithelium, stroma, and nerves. In particular, functional nerves were observed to rapidly regenerate in implants. By comparison, nerve regeneration in allograft controls was too slow to be observed during the experimental period, consistent with the behavior of human cornea transplants. Other corneal substitutes have been produced and tested, but here we report an implantable matrix that performs as a physiologically functional tissue substitute and not simply as a prosthetic device. These biosynthetic ECM replacements should have applicability to many areas of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, especially where nerve function is required.
The Development of Textile Designs by Using Images of Lotus - Focused on Images of Digital Photograph - (2011)

Recently the word is widely used in almost every field and is dominating this generation. Digital has become the most significant characteristic representing the 21st century, and is leading change across wide range of our life-styles in our culture and thoughts. New art is in harmony with digital in the 21st century. Digital photography is simpler, faster and newer than the analog system of the past. From ancient times, the nature has been the subject of art, and many designers have studied the ways to create beauty from nature. In this study, I chose the lotus as the subject material of textile design development. The lotus invokes a sense of stillness, and nestles many fluid elements, including the curved fluid lotus, rhythmic lotus petal, sinuous lotus leaf, radial vein, lotus pip and oval seed. Therefore, I tried to use these elements of lotus for development of textile design. For this purpose, I photographed the lotus with a digital camera as equipment of design development. Then, on computer, I have developed six textile designs through the process of modification and editing by using the adobe illustrator program.