gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NMR and Quantum Chemistry Study of Mesoscopic Effects in Ionic Liquids (2010)

(1)H, (13)C, and (81)Br NMR spectra of the neat room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL), namely, 1-decyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bromide ([C(10)mim][Br]) as well as its solutions in acetonitrile, dichloromethane, methanol, and water have been investigated. The most important observation of the present work is the significant broadening of (81)Br NMR signal in the solutions of [C(10)mim][Br] in organic solvents, which molecules tend to associate into hydrogen bond networks and the appearance of the complex contour of (81)Br NMR signal in the neat RTIL as well as in the liquid crystalline (LC) ionogel formed in RTIL/water solution. The complex structure of (81)Br signal changes upon heating and dilution in water. It disappears at ca. 353 K and in the aqueous solution below ca. 0.1 mol fraction of RTIL. Several new (1)H NMR signals appear at the [C(10)mim][Br]/water compositions just before the solidification of the sample (approximately 0.3 mol fraction of [C(10)mim][Br]). These additional peaks can be attributed to the H(2)O protons placed in inhomogeneous regions of the sample or due to the appearance of nonequivalent water sites in LC ionogel, the exchange between which is highly restricted or even frozen. The complex shape of (81)Br NMR signal can originate from the presence of supra-molecular structures (mesoscopic domains) that live over the period of the NMR time-scale due to a very high viscosity of [C(10)mim][Br]. These domains exhibit some features of partially disordered solids (liquid- or plastic crystals). To evaluate the static and dynamic contributions into the relaxation rate of (81)Br nuclei, the quantum chemistry calculations of the electronic structure, magnetic shielding, and electric field gradient (EFG) tensors of [C(10)mim][Br] and related model systems (Br(-).6H(2)O cluster, with addition of the dipoles (hydrogen fluoride) and charged particles - cations: H(+) or C(1)mim(+)) were performed.
A "persistent connection" model for mobile and distributed systems (2002)

This paper describes a mechanism, called "persistent connection" to preserve stream connections after the communicating peer exits and till it restarts. Such connections have many applications: to survive failures that crash one party, network partitions that cut off the two parties, and temporary disconnection in a mobile computing environment. They can also facilitate suspension of process execution in a limited resource environment and maintain connectivity when one party migrates from one machine to another. Persistent connection uses logical endpoints to hide disconnection from applications and to achieve location independence. It can be constructed from the normal "transient" connection that goes down with processes. Prototypes have been developed on Unix to provide persistent connections in both the TCP-socket level and the DCE RPC level. Many existing programs can benefit from this software to achieve transparence to disconnection and relocation. We conclude that persistent connection is a convenient communication abstraction for reliable, adaptable, and reconfigurable applications.
Telomerase RNA as a detection marker in the serum of breast cancer patients. (2000)

Tumor-derived circulating DNA has been found in the plasma of cancer patients. Alterations include decreased strand stability, mutations of oncogenes or of tumor suppressor genes, microsatellite alterations, and hypermethylation of several genes. RNA has also been found circulating in the plasma of normal subjects and cancer patients. Tyrosinase mRNA has been extracted from the serum of melanoma patients and subjected to RT-PCR. Moreover, the presence of cell-free EBV-associated RNA has been reported in the plasma of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Human telomerase comprises two RNA subunits, telomerase RNA template (hTR) and its catalytic component, telomerase reverse transcriptase protein (hTERT). Expression of these subunits correlates with telomerase activity. Using RT-PCR, we investigated whether these RNA subunits were present in the serum of 18 patients with breast cancer, 2 patients with benign breast disease, and 21 normal subjects. The presence of amplifiable RNA was confirmed in all tissue and serum samples using RT-PCR of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase RNA. hTR was found in 17 of 18 tumors (94%) and 5 of 18 serum samples (28%). hTERT was also detected in 17 of 18 tumors (94%) and in 4 of 16 available serum samples (25%). hTR and hTERT were undetectable in tissues and sera taken from 2 patients with benign disease and in the sera of 21 normal subjects. We conclude that RNA is detectable in the serum of breast cancer patients and that tumor-derived mRNA can be extracted and amplified using RT-PCR, even in patients with localized disease. This may have implications for cancer diagnosis and follow-up in the future.
O-Linked Oligosaccharides on Insulin Receptor (1991)

The insulin receptor, an integral membrane glycoprotein, is synthesized as a single-chain precursor that is cleaved to produce two mature subunits, both of which contain N-linked oligosaccharide chains and covalently linked fatty acids. We report that the beta-subunit also contains O-linked oligosaccharides. The proreceptor, alpha-subunit, and beta-subunit were labeled with [3H]mannose and [3H]galactose in the presence or absence of an inhibitor of O-linked glycosylation. Tryptic peptides from each component were separated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. N- and O-linked oligosaccharide chains were identified on these peptides by specific enzymatic digestions. The proreceptor and alpha-subunit contained only N-linked oligosaccharides, whereas the beta-subunit contained both N- and O-linked oligosaccharides. The O-linked oligosaccharide chains were attached to a single tryptic fraction of the beta-subunit, which also contained N-linked chains. This fraction was further localized to the NH2-terminal tryptic peptide of the beta-subunit by specific immunoprecipitation with an anti-peptide antibody with specificity for this region. Binding of insulin and autophosphorylation of the beta-subunit were not dependent on O-linked glycosylation, because cells grown in the presence of the inhibitor exhibited a normal dose response to insulin. Therefore, the insulin receptor contains O-linked oligosaccharides on the NH2-terminal tryptic peptide of the beta-subunit, and these O-linked oligosaccharides are not necessary to the binding or autophosphorylation function of the receptor.
Inhibitors of Helicobacter pylori Protease HtrA Found by ‘Virtual Ligand’ Screening Combat Bacterial Invasion of Epithelia (2011)

This study demonstrates that receptor-based virtual screening with a permissive ('fuzzy') pharmacophore model can help identify small bioactive agents for combating bacterial infection.
Optimization of Gene Transfer into Intestinal Epithelial Cells Using a Retro viral Vector (1994)

Somatic gene therapy has been proposed as a method of treating various metabolic diseases and conditions associated with a deficiency in secretory proteins. The intestine, because of its accessibility, large size, rapid rate of cell turnover, and known location of stem cells, is an attractive site for retroviral gene therapy. Stem cells in the intestine are known to reside in the crypts of Lieberkühn. In this study the IEC-6 cell line, derived from rat intestinal crypt cells, was used as an in vitro model to study the feasibility and dynamics of retroviral gene transfer in intestinal cells. Using a replication-deficient retrovirus, we delivered a reporter gene, bacterial beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) into NIH-3T3 fibroblasts and IEC-6 cells. Successful transduction was measured by X-gal histochemistry. Viral titers on IEC-6 cells were lower than on NIH-3T3 cells but were within the same order of magnitude. Gene transfer increased linearly with retroviral concentration up to a 1:5 dilution of retroviral supernatant. With undiluted viral medium, gene transfer was inhibited and this effect was more pronounced with the IEC-6 cells. The negative effect of the undiluted retroviral supernatant was minimized by decreasing the harvest time from the packaging cell line. An optimal plating density 12 h prior to infection was found to be approximately 10(5) cells/6-cm dish in both cell lines. The infection rate was proportionally enhanced by the use of multiple infections. In conclusion, under ideal conditions, the IEC-6 cells were infected at similar levels of efficacy as NIH-3T3 cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
NEW VISIBLE CW LASER LINES IN SINGLY-IONIZED CHLORINE (1966)

Three new visible CW laser lines are reported and identified in Cl II. These lines are at the following wavelengths: 4132.5 Å, 4740.4 Å, 5103.1 Å.
Cover Picture: Eur. J. Immunol. 7/10 (2010)

Abstract The cover image for this issue has been designed in honor of the 14th International Congress of Immunology (ICI, August 22–27, 2010; www.ici2010.org ), to be held in Kobe, Japan. The Kanji characters were proposed by the organizers of the meeting, and represent the study ( ) of immunity ( ), i.e . immunology ( ). Underneath, the characters for creativity ( ), dream ( ), and future ( ) are shown and represent the concept that, with creativity and some inspiration, we may anticipate a bright future for immunological studies. The image is a composition of the classic Japanese woodprint Mount Fuji in Clear Weather (also known as Red Fuji ) by Katsushika Hokusai and immunofluorescent staining of CD248 in wild‐type MEF, adapted from an article in this issue by Lax et al . ( pp . 1884–1889)
A Study of Bredig Platinum Sols (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Study of Bredig Platinum SolsJoseph Mindel and Cecil V. KingCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1943, 65, 11, 2112–2115Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01251a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01251a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views46Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Organic reactions at alumina surfaces. Mild and selective opening of epoxides by alcohols, thiols, benzeneselenol, amines, and acetic acid (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganic reactions at alumina surfaces. Mild and selective opening of epoxides by alcohols, thiols, benzeneselenol, amines, and acetic acidGary H. Posner and D. Z. RogersCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 25, 8208–8214Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00467a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00467a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2148Altmetric-Citations218LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The Evolution of Floodplain Risk Management and Real-time Flood Management Planning in New South Wales (2006)

Queensland and New South Wales (NSW) account for great chunk of flood problem amounting to 40 percent of total economic cost that floods generate nationally and great bulk of deaths caused by them. In NSW, from the earliest days of the colony there have been formal attempts to manage flood-related problems that intensified after the great floods of 1950s and over last three decades, considerable sums have been spent on floodplain management and real-time responses to floods around the State.
Vanadium pentoxide gels (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVanadium pentoxide gelsJ. LivageCite this: Chem. Mater. 1991, 3, 4, 578–593Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00016a006https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00016a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5567Altmetric-Citations832LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Target amplification systems in nucleic acid-based diagnostic approaches. (1990)

Currently, PCR is the standard method for target amplification because it is the oldest and most developed procedure. However, several new alternative approaches for target amplification have recently been developed. Although these new methods are at a relatively early stage of development, each has some advantages over PCR, such as greater amplification per cycle (TAS, 3SR, Q beta), isothermal reaction (3SR), or coupled amplification-mutation detection (LAR/LAS). As a result, each may eventually gain widespread use after further development.
Triptans, Serotonin Agonists, and Serotonin Syndrome (Serotonin Toxicity): A Review (2009)

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have suggested that fatal serotonin syndrome (SS) is possible with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and triptans: this warning affects millions of patients as these drugs are frequently given simultaneously. SS is a complex topic about which there is much misinformation. The misconception that 5-HT1A receptors can cause serious SS is still widely perpetuated, despite quality evidence that it is activation of the 5-HT2A receptor that is required for serious SS. This review considers SS involving serotonin agonists: ergotamine, lysergic acid diethylamide, bromocriptine, and buspirone, as well as triptans, and reviews the experimental foundation underpinning the latest understanding of SS. It is concluded that there is neither significant clinical evidence, nor theoretical reason, to entertain speculation about serious SS from triptans and SSRIs. The misunderstandings about SS exhibited by the FDA, and shared by the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (in relation to methylene blue), are an important issue with wide ramifications.
Experimental conformational study of two peptides containing α‐aminoisobutyric acid. Crystal structure of N‐acetyl‐α‐aminoisobutyric acid methylamide (1978)

Abstract Some theoretical studies have predicted that the conformational freedom of the α‐aminoisobutyric acid (H‐Aib‐OH) residue is restricted to the α‐helical region of the Ramachandran map. In order to obtain conformational experimental data, two model peptide derivatives, MeCO‐Aib‐NHMe 1 and Bu t CO‐LPro‐Aib‐NHMe 2 , have been investigated. The Aib dipeptide 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic system ( a = 12.71 Å, b = 10.19 Å, c = 7.29 Å, β = 110.02°, Cc space group) and its crystal structure was elucidated by x‐ray diffraction analysis. The azimuthal angles depicting the molecular conformation (ϕ = −55.5°, ψ = −39.3°) fall in the α‐helical region of the Ramachandran map and molecules are hydrogen‐bonded in a three‐dimensional network. In CCl 4 solution, ir spectroscopy provides evidence for the occurrence of the so‐called 5 and C 7 conformers stabilized by the intramolecular i → i and i + 2 → i hydrogen bonds, respectively. The tripeptide 2 was studied in various solvents [CCl 4 , CD 2 Cl 2 , CDCl 3 , (CD 3 ) 2 SO, and D 2 O] by ir and pmr spectroscopies. It was shown to accommodate predominantly the βII folded state stabilized by the i + 3 → i hydrogen bond. All these experimental findings indicate that the Aib residue displays the same conformational behavior as the other natural chiral amino acid residues.
Isolation of the Anticomplementary Protein from Cobra Venom and its Mode of Action on C3 (1971)

Abstract Cobra factor, a protein of the venom of Naja naja, was isolated. It was characterized as a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 144,000 and an electrophoretic mobility of a β globulin at pH 8.6. Added to whole human serum it converted and inactivated C3. The effect on C3 was found to be dependent upon a non-complement plasma protein and on bivalent cations. To generate C3-directed enzymatic activity, cobra factor had to enter into a firm complex with the plasma protein, a 5S thermolabile β pseudoglobulin.
Immunohistological characterization of human monoclonal antibody against lung cancer (1988)

Using immunoperoxidase staining method, a human monoclonal antibody (MAb), termed HB4C5, which was generated by fusion of NAT-30 cells with regional lymph node lymphocytes from a lung cancer patient, was examined for tumor specificity. The determinant recognized by HB4C5 MAb was well preserved in usual formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Experiments with four major histological types of the lung cancer showed that HB4C5 MAb reacted with adenocarcinoma (19/27), squamous cell carcinoma (2/15), and large cell carcinoma (4/6), but not with small cell carcinoma (0/7). The immunoreaction was seen in the cytoplasm. In addition, this MAb also reacted with some gastric and colon adenocarcinomas. Further study on normal lung and nonpulmonary tissues revealed that HB4C5 MAb bound only type II pneumocytes and proximal tubules of normal kidney.
Morphine‐like insomnia from heroin in nondependent human addicts. (1981)

1 This study was performed because dose-related effects of heroin on human sleep had not been described previously, and to discover if heroin produces a morphine-like insomnia. 2 After three adaptation nights, the sleep of seven male nondependent opiate addicts was studied following i.m. doses of heroin (3, 6, 12 mg/70 kg), morphine (10, 20 mg/70 kg) or placebo at weekly intervals in a randomized double-blind crossover design. 3 Heroin produces a dose-related increase in wakefulness, drowsiness episodes, muscle tension, and shifts in sleep-waking states. 4 Heroin produces a dose-related decrease in total sleep, sleep efficiency, delta sleep and REM sleep (REMS). 5 Heroin is about twice as potent as morphine in producing this type of insomnia. 6 'Morphine insomnia' appears to be a characteristic initial effect of several opioids, at least in nondependent opiate addicts, and might serve as a model insomnia for evaluation of hypnotics.
Emerging Therapies for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: State of the Art (2007)

The cornerstone of pharmacotherapeutic treatment for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is photodynamic therapy with verteporfin. The recently approved pegaptanib sodium, which targets vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), reduces vision loss in AMD when given by intravitreal injection every 6 weeks. The early promise of monotherapy with the corticosteroid triamcinolone acetonide has yet to be borne out in larger clinical trials, but outcomes may be improved when it is used in combination with verteporfin therapy. The angiostatic cortisone anecortave acetate was recently reported to have failed to meet the primary efficacy criterion in two large, placebo-controlled trials, and its clinical utility is uncertain. Other potential treatments with varying mechanisms of action are currently under investigation. To date, no agent has been shown to significantly restore lost vision in patients with AMD. Future treatment strategies are likely to include a combination of treatments to better manage AMD-associated choroidal neovascularisation and preserve patients' visual acuity.
NF-κB Inducers Upregulate cFLIP, a Cycloheximide-Sensitive Inhibitor of Death Receptor Signaling (2001)

The caspase 8 homologue FLICE-inhibitory protein (cFLIP) is a potent negative regulator of death receptor-induced apoptosis. We found that cFLIP can be upregulated in some cell lines under critical involvement of the NF-kappaB pathway, but NF-kappaB activation was clearly not sufficient for cFLIP induction in all cell lines. Treatment of SV80 cells with the proteasome inhibitor N-benzoyloxycarbonyl (Z)-Leu-Leu-leucinal (MG-132) or geldanamycin, a drug interfering with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced NF-kappaB activation, inhibited TNF-induced upregulation of cFLIP. Overexpression of a nondegradable IkappaBalpha mutant (IkappaBalpha-SR) or lack of IkappaB kinase gamma expression completely prevented phorbol myristate acetate-induced upregulation of cFLIP mRNA in Jurkat cells. These data point to an important role for NF-kappaB in the regulation of the cFLIP gene. SV80 cells normally show resistance to TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and TNF, as apoptosis can be induced only in the presence of low concentrations of cycloheximide (CHX). However, overexpression of IkappaBalpha-SR rendered SV80 cells sensitive to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in the absence of CHX, and cFLIP expression was able to reverse the proapoptotic effect of NF-kappaB inhibition. Western blot analysis further revealed that cFLIP, but not TRAF1, A20, and cIAP2, expression levels rapidly decrease upon CHX treatment. In conclusion, these data suggest a key role for cFLIP in the antiapoptotic response of NF-kappaB activation.