gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction and Activation of Tumoricidal Cells In Vivo and In Vitro by the Bacterial Cell Wall of Bifidobacterium infantis (1994)

We measured the antitumor activity of Bifidobacterium infantis (B. infantis). We used mainly a cell wall preparation (WPG) based upon preliminary experiments (Cancer Res. 45: 1300-1307, 1985). First, we evaluated the antitumor effects of WPG on peritoneal and thoracic tumor-bearing animals, using mouse Ehrlich carcinoma and Meth A fibrosarcoma, as well as rat MADB 106 mammary tumor. More frequent, earlier onset and dose-related injections of WPG were more effective in these tumor-bearing animals. Cell kinetic studies revealed that WPG induced polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) followed by macrophages at the injection cavity. In addition, WPG directly activated these cells to inhibit the growth of tumor cells in in vitro assays. These results suggest that the bifidobacterial cell wall, WPG induces and activates nonspecific phagocytes (PMNs and macrophages) in situ to reject growing tumor cells in peritoneal and thoracic cavity of animals.
Inheritance of susceptibility to powdery mildew in the watermelon (1975)

Journal Article Inheritance of susceptibility to powdery mildew in the watermelon Get access R. W. ROBINSON, R. W. ROBINSON New York State Agricultural Experiment StationGeneva, New York 14456 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. PROVVIDENTI, R. PROVVIDENTI New York State Agricultural Experiment StationGeneva, New York 14456 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. W. SHAIL J. W. SHAIL New York State Agricultural Experiment StationGeneva, New York 14456 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 66, Issue 5, September 1975, Pages 310–311, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a108636 Published: 01 September 1975
The Automation of Large Program Routing Switchers in the CBC (1979)

Previous installations of automation by the Canadian Broadcasting Corp. have been backed up by manual control systems capable of maintaining full service in case of automation failure. Recent projects have involved switchers of such large size that human operators could not maintain full service in case of an emergency. The design procedure has been to make the main system as reliable as possible, but to include facilities to minimize downtime in case of trouble and provide emergency and apology signals. The maintainability of the systems has been increased by adding redundancy, so that quite major maintenance can be performed during office hours and without interrupting the automatic switching.
Increasing the stability of sacB transcript improves levansucrase production in Bacillus subtilis (2005)

This approach can be applied to the expression of heterologous genes of biotechnological interest.
A Closed-Loop Flight Control Experiment Using Active Flow Control Actuators (2007)

Closed-loop pitch control on a moving 1-DOF wing model is investigated in wind tunnel experiments. The model's attitude is controlled over a broad range of angles of attack when the baseline flow is fully attached using bi-directional pitching moment that is effected by flow-controlled trapped vorticity concentrations on the pressure and suction surfaces near the trailing edge. In the present work, the model is trimmed using a position feedback loop and a servomotor actuator. Once the model is trimmed, the position feedback loop is opened and the servomotor acts like an inner loop control to alter the dynamic characteristics and to introduce disturbances. Position control of the model is achieved by the flow control actuation using an arbitrary reference model based adaptive outer loop controller. The control architecture employs a neural network based adaptive element that permits adaptation to both parametric uncertainty and unmodeled dynamics.
Characterization of a Resistance Locus (Pfs-1) to the Spinach Downy Mildew Pathogen (Peronospora farinosa f. sp. spinaciae) and Development of a Molecular Marker Linked to Pfs-1 (2008)

Downy mildew is a destructive disease of spinach worldwide. There have been 10 races described since 1824, six of which have been identified in the past 10 years. Race identification is based on qualitative disease reactions on a set of diverse host differentials which include open-pollinated cultivars, contemporary hybrid cultivars, and older hybrid cultivars that are no longer produced. The development of a set of near-isogenic open-pollinated spinach lines (NILs), having different resistance loci in a susceptible and otherwise common genetic background, would facilitate identification of races of the downy mildew pathogen, provide a tool to better understand the genetics of resistance, and expedite the development of molecular markers linked to these disease resistance loci. To achieve this objective, the spinach cv. Viroflay, susceptible to race 6 of Peronospora farinosa f. sp. spinaciae, was used as the recurrent susceptible parent in crosses with the hybrid spinach cv. Lion, resistant to race 6. Resistant F(1) progeny were subsequently backcrossed to Viroflay four times with selection for race 6 resistance each time. Analysis of the segregation data showed that resistance was controlled by a single dominant gene, and the resistance locus was designated Pfs-1. By bulk segregant analysis, an amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker (E-ACT/M-CTG) linked to Pfs-1 was identified and used to develop a co-dominant Sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker. This SCAR marker, designated Dm-1, was closely linked ( approximately 1.7 cM) to the Pfs-1 locus and could discriminate among spinach genotypes that were homozygous resistant (Pfs-1Pfs-1), heterozygous resistant (Pfs-1pfs-1), or homozygous susceptible (pfs-1pfs-1) to race 6 within the original mapping population. Evaluation of a wide range of commercial spinach lines outside of the mapping population indicated that Dm-1 could effectively identify Pfs-1 resistant genotypes; the Dm-1 marker correctly predicted the disease resistance phenotype in 120 out of 123 lines tested. In addition, the NIL containing the Pfs-1 locus (Pfs-1Pfs-1) was resistant to multiple races of the downy mildew pathogen indicating Pfs-1 locus may contain a cluster of resistance genes.
Mutations that permit efficient replication of hepatitis C virus RNA in Huh-7 cells prevent productive replication in chimpanzees (2002)

The development of a subgenomic replicon derived from the hepatitis C virus (HCV) strain Con1 enabled the study of viral RNA replication in Huh-7 cells. The level of replication of replicons, as well as full-length Con1 genomes, increased significantly by a combination of two adaptive mutations in NS3 (E1202G and T1280I) and a single mutation in NS5A (S2197P). However, these cell culture-adaptive mutations influenced in vivo infectivity. After intrahepatic transfection of chimpanzees, the wild-type Con1 genome was infectious and produced viral titers similar to those produced by other infectious HCV clones. Repeated independent transfections with RNA transcripts of a Con1 genome containing the three adaptive mutations failed to achieve active HCV infection. Furthermore, although a chimpanzee transfected with RNA transcripts of a Con1 genome with only the NS5A mutation became infected, this mutation was detected only in virus genomes recovered from serum at day 4; viruses recovered at day 7 had a reversion back to the original Con1 sequence. Our study demonstrates that mutations that are adaptive for replication of HCV in cell culture may be highly attenuating in vivo.
Successful High Angle Drilling in the Statfjord Field (1986)

ABSTRACT The original drilling design criteria for Statfjord field development set an upper limit on wellbore inclination of 60°. This figure was derived by considering the special drilling problems found on Statfjord and technological limitations. By developing engineering operational procedures and introducing new technology, wells can be drilled routinely at sail angles between 60° – 70°. This paper, therefore, elaborates upon the special drilling problems encountered in the area and describes engineering and operational solutions which were developed to extend the maximum reach of wells. In addition, it describes the evolution of drilling on Statfjord and documents the impact of advances.
Efficient transgenic rat production by a lentiviral vector (2007)

A lentiviral construct for an enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) driven by a chicken beta-actin promoter, cytomegalovirus enhancer, and intronic sequences from rabbit beta-globin (CAG) was used to produce transgenic lines of rats for evaluation of the usefulness of this approach in gene function studies. Fertilized eggs were collected from inbred Dahl S and outbred Sprague-Dawley rats, and approximately 100 pl of concentrated virus were microinjected into the perivitrelline space of one-cell embryos. Of 121 embryos injected, 60 pups (49.6%) were born. Transgenic rates averaged 22% in Dahl S and 14% in Sprague-Dawley rats. Copy number ranged from one to four in the founders, and the inheritance of the transgene in a subsequent F(1) population was 48.2%. The small number of insertion sites enabled us to derive inbred transgenic lines with a single copy of the transgene within one generation. Sequencing of each transgene insertion site revealed that they inserted as single copies with a preference for the introns of genes. The CAG promoter drove high levels of eGFP expression in brain, kidney, heart, and vasculature, making it very suitable for exploring the cardiovascular function of newly discovered genes. The pattern of eGFP expression was similar across five different F(1) transgenic lines, indicating that the expression of the transgene was independent of its chromosomal position. Thus lentiviral transgenesis provides a powerful tool for the production of transgenic inbred rats and will enhance the usefulness of this species in gene discovery and target validation studies.
Computed tomography with a linear accelerator with radiotherapy applications (1983)

An earlier paper [Simpson et al., Med. Phys. 9, 574 (1982)] described a computed tomography (CT) scanner that was constructed by adding a detector array to a 4-MV isocentric linear accelerator. Since the previous article, the detector array has been improved and we now demonstrate better than 3-mm spatial resolution and better than 1% relative electron density discrimination. A series of pictures from volunteer patients is included. Normal anatomy is visualized with bone, muscle, fat, and air being clearly delineated.
High Throughput Screening (2009)

In the years since the release of the popular first edition, the field of High Throughput Screening (HTS) has evolved considerably, from a small niche area of study to a major, essential scientific technique. In High Throughput Screening: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition, experts in the field fully update the previous edition to best serve as an introduction to HTS for scientists who are just entering the field, and as a provider of key, significant detail so as to be useful to scientists in established HTS operations. Featuring new screening technologies as well as many well established methods, chapters offer comprehensive treatment of the activities directly related to HTS, such as compound library management, data handling, and robotics. As a volume in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biologyâ¢ series, this work provides the kind of meticulous description and implementation advice that is crucial for getting optimal results. Authoritative and intrinsically practical, High Throughput Screening: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition promises to share the highest knowledge and enthusiasm with all those who use this versatile technology in their own labs.
Characterization of a Novel Human Tumor Antigen Interleukin-13 Receptor α2 Chain (2006)

The interleukin (IL)-13 receptor alpha2 (IL-13Ralpha2) chain is a primary binding and internalization subunit for a Th2-derived immune regulatory cytokine, IL-13. Although extremely high levels of IL-13Ralpha2 chain are expressed on a variety of human tumor cells and specimens, its precise role in tumor immunology has not been defined. To investigate the role of IL-13Ralpha2 in tumor immunity, we used D5 melanoma cells stably transfected with the human IL-13Ralpha2 gene (D5alpha2) to assess the effect of an IL-13Ralpha2 DNA vaccine in immunocompetent animals. Prophylactic immunization of mice with the IL-13Ralpha2 DNA vaccine resulted in protection against D5alpha2 tumor development. In vivo depletion experiments in C57BL/6 and RAG-2 knockout mice indicated that both T and B cells, but not natural killer cells, were required for the tumor protection. In addition, antibody induced by the IL-13Ralpha2 DNA vaccine showed a modest but significant inhibitory effect on D5alpha2 cells in vitro, suggesting that the antibody is biologically functional. The IL-13Ralpha2 DNA vaccine also exhibited antitumor activity against established D5alpha2 tumors in mice. Histologic analysis of regressing tumors identified infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and the expression of CXCL9 chemokine in tumors. Taken together, our results identify the human IL-13Ralpha2 chain as a novel tumor rejection antigen.
Differential Effect of a His Tag at the N- and C-Termini:  Functional Studies with Recombinant Human Serum Transferrin (2002)

Attachment of a cleavable hexa His tag is a common strategy for the production of recombinant proteins. Production of two recombinant nonglycosylated human serum transferrins (hTF-NG), containing a factor Xa cleavage site and a hexa His tag at the carboxyl terminus, has been described [Mason et al. (2001) Prot. Exp. Purif 23, 142-150]. More recently, hTF-NG with an amino-terminal His tag and a factor Xa cleavage site has been expressed (>30 mg/L) in baby hamster kidney cells and purified from the tissue culture medium. Although it is frequently assumed that addition of a His tag has little or no effect on function, this is not always confirmed experimentally. In the present study, in vitro quantitative data clearly shows that the presence of the C-terminal His tag has an effect on the release of iron from recombinant hTF at pH 7.4 and 5.6. Measurement of the rate of release from both the N- and C-lobes is reduced 2-4-fold. These findings provide further compelling evidence that the two lobes communicate with each other and highlight the importance of the C-terminal portion of the C-terminal lobe in this interaction. In contrast to these results, we demonstrate that the presence of a His tag at the N-terminus of hTF has no effect on the rate of iron release from either lobe. In a competition experiment, both unlabeled N- and C-terminal His-tagged constructs were equally effective at inhibiting the binding of radio-iodinated diferric glycosylated hTF from a commercial source to receptors on HeLa cells as the unlabeled recombinant diferric hTF-NG control. Thus, the presence of a His tag at either the N- or C-terminus of hTF-NG has no apparent effect on the ability of these hTF species to bind to transferrin receptors.
Therapeutic Angiogenesis for Coronary Artery Disease (2002)

A large body of evidence in animal models of ischemia shows that administration of angiogenic growth factors, either as recombinant protein or by gene transfer, can augment nutrient perfusion through neovascularization. Many cytokines have angiogenic activity; those that have been best studied in animal models and clinical trials are vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). Clinical trials of therapeutic angiogenesis in patients with end-stage coronary artery disease have shown increases in exercise time and reductions in anginal symptoms and have provided objective evidence of improved perfusion and left ventricular function. Larger-scale placebo-controlled trials have been limited to intracoronary and intravenous administration of recombinant protein and have not yet shown significant improvement in exercise time or angina compared with placebo. Larger-scale placebo-controlled studies of gene transfer are in progress. Clinical studies are required to determine the optimal dose, formulation, route of administration, and combinations of growth factors and the utility of adjunctive endothelial progenitor-cell or stem-cell supplementation, to provide safe and effective therapeutic myocardial angiogenesis. Determination of which growth factors or cells are required to optimize therapeutic neovascularization in an individual patient should be a goal of future research.
Analysis of waste water by x‐ray fluorescence spectrometry (2002)

Abstract Methods of specimen preparation for the x‐ray fluorescence analysis of water are described. For direct determination of impurities in waste water samples, quasi‐solid specimens based on gelatin (agar) are proposed. Such specimens may also be used after extractive enrichment of impurities and their re‐extraction into the aqueous phase. For organic specimens, those in the form of organogels or thin polymer films can be obtained directly. For group impurity concentration it is proposed to use low‐temperature directed crystallization of water with subsequent obtaining of glassy saccharose‐based specimens from aqueous concentrates. The techniques developed were applied to determine Ag, As, Bi, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Ga, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn impurities in waste waters. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of Segmented Copolymers in the Presence of an Immobilized/Soluble Hybrid ATRP Catalyst System (2002)

A hybrid catalyst system (CuBr/PS8-dMbpy)/(CuBr2/Me6TREN) for atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was successfully used for preparation of polymers with complex polymeric architectures including star, graft, and bottle-brush copolymers. No significant differences between hybrid and CuBr/dNbpy homogeneous catalyst system were observed in the synthesis of 3-arm star poly(methyl acrylate) and poly(methyl methacrylate) graft copolymer with poly(lactic acid)/poly(dimethylsiloxane) mixed side chains. However, when PIB graft copolymers with styrene and methyl methacrylate were attempted by a “grafting-from” technique, a radical coupling resulted in a gel, due to a high local concentration of radicals with the hybrid catalyst system. This poor control was partially ascribed to poor solubility of the macroinitiator in the reaction medium, since the synthesis of molecular brushes was successful and the hybrid catalyst system afforded a well-defined poly(2-(2-bromopropionyloxy)ethyl methacrylate)-graft-poly(n-butyl acrylate) (pBPEM-graft-pnBA) from pBPEM as a macroinitiator. The polymerization in the presence of the hybrid catalyst system led to a faster reaction than that using a homogeneous catalyst system, while retaining a well-controlled reaction and affording polymers with narrow molecular weight distribution.
Absolute hardness: companion parameter to absolute electronegativity (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAbsolute hardness: companion parameter to absolute electronegativityRobert G. Parr and Ralph G. PearsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 26, 7512–7516Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00364a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00364a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views14745Altmetric-Citations6195LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Organization, Expression, and Evolution of Genes for Mercury Resistance (1986)

Human coronavirus (HCoV) infection causes respiratory diseases with mild to severe outcomes. In the last 15 years, we have witnessed the emergence of two zoonotic, highly pathogenic HCoVs: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and ...Read More
A new ordering for efficient sphere decoding (2005)

This paper presents a novel pre-processing stage that offers significant improvement in the computational efficiency of sphere decoding by imposing a geometrically-inspired ordering on the columns of the channel matrix. By studying the performance of a genie decoder, which has knowledge of the optimal radius, we find that the optimal ordering depends not only on the channel matrix, but also on the received point. Analysis of this idealized problem leads to the proposal of an enhanced ordering. We demonstrate via simulation that it closely matches with the optimal ordering and more importantly that it results in a dramatic increase in sphere decoding efficiency over a 4/spl times/4 MIMO flat fading channel. We emphasize that the performance benefit is particularly great at low SNRs and for high modulation orders, two traditionally challenging regimes for sphere decoders. We conclude by briefly discussing the polynomial complexity of the new ordering algorithm.
Recognizing Hand and Finger Gestures with IMU based Motion and EMG based Muscle Activity Sensing (2015)

Sessionand person-independent recognition of hand and finger gestures is of utmost importance for the practicality of gesture based interfaces. In this paper we evaluate the performance of a wearable gesture recognition system that captures arm, hand, and finger motions by measuring movements of, and muscle activity at the forearm. We fuse the signals of an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) worn at the wrist, and the Electromyogram (EMG) of muscles in the forearm to infer hand and finger movements. A set of 12 gestures was defined, motivated by their similarity to actual physical manipulations and to gestures known from the interaction with mobile devices. We recorded performances of our gesture set by five subjects in multiple sessions. The resulting datacorpus will be made publicly available to build a common ground for future evaluations and benchmarks. Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are used as classifiers to discriminate between the defined gesture classes. We achieve a recognition rate of 97.8% in session-independent, and of 74.3% in person-independent recognition. Additionally, we give a detailed analysis of error characteristics and of the influence of each modality to the results to underline the benefits of using both modalities together.