gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Promotion of thrombin-catalyzed activation of factor XIII by fibrinogen (1983)

High-performance liquid chromatography was used to analyze the kinetics of the thrombin-catalyzed release of the activation peptide from the factor XIII zymogen (fibrin-stabilizing factor). The specificity constant (kcat/Km) for this reaction, measured at factor XIII concentrations much below Km, was (0.13-0.16) X 10(6) M-1 s-1 at pH 7.4, mu = 0.15, and 37 degrees C. Separate estimates, obtained from the dependence of the initial rates of release of the activation peptide on the concentration of factor XIII, gave values of 10 (+/- 3) s-1 for kcat and 84 (+/- 30) microM for Km, in terms of ab protomers of the zymogen. The thrombin-mediated release of the activation peptide was dramatically enhanced in the presence of fibrinogen. Furthermore, the time course of release, in relation to that of fibrinopeptide A, suggested that some des-A-fibrinogen species (e.g., alpha 2B beta 2 gamma 2) may be the true activator for promoting the cleavage of the Arg-36 peptide bonds in the a subunits of factor XIII. This observation suggests that generation of factor XIIIa and its substrate (fibrin) is coordinated so that thrombin-mediated zymogen activation proceeds efficiently only after the process of clotting has been initiated by the removal of fibrinopeptide A from fibrinogen.
Hydrogen peroxide is a diffusible paracrine signal for the induction of epithelial cell death by activated myofibroblasts (2005)

Cell-cell signaling roles for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in response to growth factors/cytokines in nonphagocytic cells are not well defined. In this study, we show that fibroblasts isolated from lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) generate extracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in response to the multifunctional cytokine, transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1). In contrast, TGF-beta1 stimulation of small airway epithelial cells (SAECs) does not result in detectable levels of extracellular H2O2. IPF fibroblasts independently stimulated with TGF-beta1 induce loss of viability and death of overlying SAECs when cocultured in a compartmentalized Transwell system. These effects on SAECs are inhibited by the addition of catalase to the coculture system or by the selective enzymatic blockade of H2O2 production by IPF fibroblasts. IPF fibroblasts heterogeneously express alpha-smooth muscle actin stress fibers, a marker of myofibroblast differentiation. Cellular localization of H2O2 by a fluorescent-labeling strategy demonstrated that extracellular secretion of H2O2 is specific to the myofibroblast phenotype. Thus, myofibroblast secretion of H2O2 functions as a diffusible death signal for lung epithelial cells. This novel mechanism for intercellular ROS signaling may be important in physiological/pathophysiological processes characterized by regenerating epithelial cells and activated myofibroblasts.
Well Ordered Polymer Melts from Blends of Disordered Triblock Copolymer Surfactants and Functional Homopolymers (2008)

Addition of a functional homopolymer induces disorder-to-order transition in commercially available Pluronic surfactant melts. This approach may facilitate the use of amphiphilic surfactants in the industrial fabrication of structured nanomaterials.
Growth factor‐dependent signaling and cell cycle progression (2001)

There are three central ideas contained within this review. Firstly, growth factor-stimulated signaling is not restricted to a 30-60 min window, but occurs at a much later time as well. Secondly, the second wave of signaling overlaps temporally with the cell cycle program and may be directly responsible for engaging it. Thirdly, the G1 to S interval appears to encompass two distinct phases of the cell cycle, during which the coordinated activation of distinct sets of signaling enzymes drives cell cycle progression. Each of these concepts is likely to initiate new investigation and hence provide additional insight into the fundamental question of how growth factors drive cell proliferation.
The painful crisis of homozygous sickle cell disease: clinical features (1994)

The details of onset, perceived precipitating factors, associated symptoms, and pain distribution in the painful crisis of homozygous sickle cell (SS) disease have been prospectively recorded in 183 painful crises in 118 patients admitted to a day-care centre in Kingston, Jamaica. Painful crises developed most frequently between 3 p.m. and midnight, most commonly affected patients aged 15-29 years, affected the sexes equally, and were not obviously influenced by menstrual cycle. Of the perceived precipitating factors, skin cooling occurred in 34%, emotional stress in 10%, physical exertion in 7%, and pregnancy in 5% of women of child-bearing age. Cold as a precipitant was not less common in patients with more subcutaneous fat. Pain affected the lumbar spine in 49%, abdomen in 32%, femoral shaft in 30%, and knees in 21%. There was a highly significant excess of bilateral involvement in limb and rib pain. Recurrent painful crises occurred in 40 patients but showed no evidence of involving similar sites on successive occasions. Abdominal painful crises were associated with abdominal distention in 18 (31%) and with referred rib pain in a further 15 (26%) of crises. Fever was common even in apparently uncomplicated painful crises, suggesting that fever is characteristic of the painful crisis itself and not necessarily indicative of infection. Following investigation and treatment in a day-care centre, over 90% of patients returned home.
Simple fabrication of a ZnO nanowire photodetector with a fast photoresponse time (2006)

A zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowire photodetector was fabricated by a simple method of growing ZnO nanowires bridging the gap of two patterned zinc electrodes. The nanowire growth is self-catalytic, involving the direct heating of patterned Zn electrodes at 700°C in an O2∕Ar gas flow of 20SCCM (standard cubic centimeter per minute at STP)/80SCCM, respectively, at atmospheric pressure for 3h. The fabricated photodetector demonstrated fast response of shorter than 0.4ms to UV illumination in air, which could be attributed to the adsorption, desorption, and diffusion of water molecules in the air onto the nanowire significantly influencing the photoresponse.
Quercetin, an in vitro inhibitor of CYP3A, does not contribute to the interaction between nifedipine and grapefruit juice (1993)

Quercetin, a flavonoid present in various fruits, is a potent in vitro inhibitor of CYP3A. Its role in the reported interaction between grapefruit juice and nifedipine has been determined in vivo in humans. Eight healthy volunteers were given in random order 10 mg nifedipine orally, either alone or with 200 ml double strength grapefruit juice, or with 400 mg quercetin. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) for nifedipine with grapefruit juice (mean 320 ng ml(-1) h) was increased significantly (P < 0.01) compared with the AUC when nifedipine was given alone (mean 218 ng ml(-1) h). The time to peak plasma concentration for nifedipine with grapefruit juice (1.5 h) was also increased (P < 0.05) compared with control (0.5 h) suggesting delayed absorption. Although quercetin delayed the time to peak nifedipine concentration (1.3 h) it did not alter the AUC of either the parent drug (mean 209 ng ml(-1) h) or its first-pass metabolite. The results suggest that quercetin does not contribute to the effects of grapefruit juice (which contains <10 mg of quercetin 200 ml(-1)) on the metabolism of nifedipine. Oral doses of quercetin, similar to those possible from the ingestion of other fruits such as strawberries, do not produce in vivo inhibition of CYP3A mediated metabolism of nifedipine.
Improvements in Factor VIII Inhibitor Detection: From Bethesda to Nijmegen (2009)

All methods for the detection of factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitors are based on the measurement of inactivation of FVIII in a mixture of the test plasma containing the putative inhibitor and an exogenous source of FVIII. Various types of assays have been developed since the first inhibitor was described in 1941. Nowadays, two methods are preferably used, the Bethesda assay and the Nijmegen assay. Although the Nijmegen assay shows a better specificity and intra- and interlaboratory variation, it is still hampered by several limitations related to assay characteristics (pH, temperature, and time of incubation), type of control sample, and the von Willebrand factor content of the assay mixture. Epitope specificity plays an important role in the reliability of functional assays because inhibitors against the C2 domain are more difficult to quantify compared with inhibitors against the A2 domain. Finally, lupus anticoagulants can interfere with inhibitor assays, resulting in aberrant results. This report describes in detail the various problems encountered with the assays used in the quantification of functional FVIII inhibitors.
In Vivo Microscopy of Targeted Vessel Occlusion Employing Acoustic Droplet Vaporization (2012)

Our results provide the first optical evidence of targeted vessel occlusion through ADV. These findings could lay the groundwork for the advancement of gas embolotherapy.
Toward next high performances MIM generation: up to 30fF/&#x003BC;m<sup>2</sup> with 3D architecture and high-&#x003BA; materials (2007)

This paper deals with the realization of new high performances metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors. Using PEALD deposited HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , ZrO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , A1 <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> and their combination with Ta <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> , MIM stacks have been realized. By controlling high-κ deposition characteristics and dielectric stack architecture, state of the art electrical results for high performances analog design (weak non- linearity and sustaining high operating bias) are obtained. The use of 3D architecture allows combining such characteristics with very high capacitance density. A first realization with Ta <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> leads to 30fF/mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and demonstrates the interest of such an approach for next generation high performances MIM capacitors.
Chemopreventive effects of green tea polyphenols correlate with reversible induction of p57 expression. (2002)

Green tea polyphenols are known to induce apoptosis in certain types of tumor cells. However, the mechanism(s) that enables normal cells to evade the apoptotic effect is still not understood. In this study, Western blot analysis combined with cycloheximide treatment was used to examine the effects of green tea polyphenols on the expression levels of p57, a cyclin-dependent kinase and apoptosis inhibitor, in normal human keratinocytes and in the oral carcinoma cell lines SCC25 and OSC2. The results showed that the most potent green tea polyphenol, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), induced p57 in normal keratinocytes in a dosage- and time-dependent manner, while the levels of p57 protein in oral carcinoma cells were unaltered. The differential response in p57 induction was consistent with the apoptosis status detected by annexin V assay. The data suggest that the chemopreventive effects of green tea polyphenols may involve p57-mediated cell cycle regulation in normal epithelial cells.
Human infection by avian influenza A H5N1. (2005)

The Southeast Asian outbreak of the highly lethal avian influenza A H5N1 infection in humans is unlikely to abate because of the enormous number of backyard farms providing poultry as the main source of food protein in developing countries. This increases the risk of the emergence of a reassortant pandemic influenza virus with improved human-to-human transmissibility. Currently triage of suspected cases by epidemiological risk factors remains the only practical way of case identification for laboratory investigation and infection control. The clinical usefulness of rapid diagnostic laboratory tests requires more vigorous evaluation. The lethality of this disease may reflect systemic viral dissemination, cytokine storm, or alveolar flooding due to inhibition of cellular sodium channels. The present circulating genotype Z is intrinsically resistant to amantadine and rimantadine. Prognosis may be improved by early treatment with a neuraminidase inhibitor with good systemic drug levels, and post-exposure prophylaxis for health care workers is recommended. The role of immunomodulators and other modalities of therapy requires evaluation in randomised controlled trials, with prospective monitoring of the viral load and cytokine profiles in various clinical specimens. In view of the high fatality of the disease, a combination of contact, droplet, and airborne precautions are recommended as long as resources allow despite the fact that the relative importance of these three modes in nosocomial transmission of avian influenza is still unknown.
The ectodomains but not the transmembrane domains of the fusion proteins of subtypes A and B avian pneumovirus are conserved to a similar extent as those of human respiratory syncytial virus. (1998)

The fusion glycoprotein (F(B)) gene of five strains of the B subtype of avian pneumovirus (APV; turkey rhinotracheitis virus) has been sequenced. The length of the F(B) protein was 538 amino acids, identical to that of the F protein of subtype A virus, with which it had 74% and 83% overall nucleotide and deduced amino acid identities, respectively. The F(B) and F(A) ectodomains had 90% amino acid identity, very similar to the 91% identity between the ectodomains of the F proteins of subtype A and B human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV). As with HRSV, the F2 polypeptide was less conserved (83% identity) than F1 (94%). In contrast to the ectodomain, the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of the two APV subtypes were much less conserved (30% and 48% identity, respectively) than those of HRSV (92% and 87%, respectively). Comparisons within all the genera of the Paramyxoviridae (Pneumovirus, Morbillivirus, Paramyxovirus and Rubullavirus) show that low amino acid identity between F protein transmembrane domains is a feature of different species of virus rather than of strain differences. This may indicate that the two subtypes of APV have evolved in different geographical regions and/or different avian species. This is the first report of an F gene sequence from a subtype B APV.
The Role of the Microcolony Mode of Growth in the Pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections (1983)

In nature Pseudomonas aeruginosa grows in two modes, the mobile "swarmer" cell and the glycocalyx-enclosed microcolony. The microcolony mode is numerically dominant perhaps because it provides adhesion in a favorable niche and protection from bacteriophages and phagocytic predators. When this organism colonizes the compromised human host, a broad spectrum of different types of infection is produced, ranging from asymptomatic persistent cystitis to the overwhelming bacteremia seen in neutropenic patients. These infections differ radically both in their degree of toxicity and invasiveness and in their susceptibility to control with specific antibodies and/or antibiotics. These differences may reflect the degree to which intact host defense mechanisms force the bacteria to adopt the defensive, microcolony mode of growth. As examples, the nearly intact host defense mechanisms and vigorous immune response of patients with cystic fibrosis force P. aeruginosa in pulmonary infections into a demonstrably cryptic, microcolony mode of growth that allows its persistence in the face of specific antibodies and antibiotics but limits its toxic activity and its dissemination. In contrast, the ruined defense mechanisms of burned skin allow the spread of bacteria in the mobile mode; toxic effects are seen in neighboring tissues, and a mixed mobile-microcolony reservoir population, whose mobile members can subsequently invade the circulatory system, is built up in the burned tissue. Thus, it is important to define the mode of bacterial growth in each type of P. aeruginosa infection and, where the microcolony mode is predominant, to understand the chemistry of the enveloping exopolysaccharide in order to limit its synthesis and/or facilitate its penetration by antibodies and antibiotics.
La construcción de sentidos del trabajo en las políticas de desarrollo socio-productivo en la Argentina post-convertibilidad (2009)

El objetivo de este articulo es analizar en que medida las politicas de desarrollo socio-productivo y generacion de autoempleo proponen una nueva definicion del concepto de trabajo. Indagamos el modo en que es concebido el sujeto de dichas politicas y el sentido de la integracion social que proponen, a traves del analisis de la normativa de los programas.
Studies on chitin, 4. Evidence for formation of block and random copolymers of N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosamine and D‐glucosamine by hetero‐ and homogeneous hydrolyses (1977)

Abstract Chitin was deacetylated by heterogeneous and homogeneous alkaline hydrolyses. In the heterogeneous hydrolysis, upper limits in the degree of deacetylation were found to exist at low reaction temperatures. The products obtained were all insoluble in water and those with a degree of deacetylation up to 80% retained some crystallinity. These results seemed to indicate that the deacetylation under the heterogeneous conditions proceeded preferentially in the amorphous region to give block‐type copolymers of N ‐acetyle‐D‐glucosamine and D‐glucosamine units. In the homogeneous hydrolysis, on the other hand, all the products with a degree of deacetylation of ca. 50% were found to be soluble in water independent of the hydrolysis temperature. The crystallinity of the products decreased much more rapidly and samples with a degree of deacetylation &gt;40% were amorphous. These results suggested that the deacetylation under homogeneous conditions proceeded randomly to give the random‐type copolymers of the two units. This randomness was concluded to have brought about the interesting water‐solubility of products with a degree of deacetylation of ca. 50%.
Oligonucleotide synthesis : a practical approach (1984)

An introduction to modern methods of DNA synthesis / Michael J. Gait -- Preparation of protected deoxyribonucleotides / Roger A. Jones -- Solid phase synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides by the phosphite-triester method / Tom Atkinson and Michael Smith -- Solid-phase synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides by the phosphotriester method / Brian S. Sproat and Michael J. Gait -- Chromatographic purification of synthetic oligonucleotides / Larry W. McLaughlin and Norbert Piel -- Purification and sequence analysis of synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Ray Wu ... [et al.] -- Chemical synthesis of small oligoribonucleotides in solution / Jacques H. van Boom and Carl T.J. Wreesman -- Enzymatic synthesis of oligoribonucleotides / Dorothy Beckett and Olke C. Ohlenbeck.
Phthalate and 4-hydroxyphthalate metabolism in Pseudomonas testosteroni: purification and properties of 4,5-dihydroxyphthalate decarboxylase (1978)

Phthalate is degraded through 4,5-dihydroxyphthalate and protocatechuate in Pseudomonas testosteroni NH1000. The ezyme 4,5-dihydroxyphthalate decarboxylase, catalyzing the conversion of 4,5-dihydroxyphthalate to protocatechuate and carbon dioxide, was purified approximately 130-fold from phthalate-induced cells of a protocatechuate 4,5-dioxygenase-deficient mutant of P. testosteroni. The most purified preparation showed a single protein band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide disc gel electrophoresis with a molecular weight of 38,000. The apparent molecular weight of the native enzyme determined by Sephadex G-200 column chromatography was 150,000. Among the substrate analogs tested, only 4-hydroxyphthalate served as a substrate, which was decarboxylated to form m-hydroxybenzoate. The apparent Km values for 4,5-dihydroxyphthalate and 4-hydroxyphthalate were estimated to be 10.5 micrometer and 1.25 mM, respectively, and the Vmax for the former was 10 times larger than that for the latter. Whereas the wild-type strain could utilize 4-hydroxyphthalate as a sole source of carbon, none of the following could grow with the compound: 4,5-dihydroxyphthalate decarboxylase-deficient, m-hydroxybenzoate-nondegradable, and protocatechuate 4,5-dioxygenase-deficient mutants. Since one-step revertants of these mutants could utilize 4-hydroxyphthalate, the compound appears to be metabolized through m-hydroxybenzoate and protocatechuate in P. testosteroni NH1000.
Generation of High Resolution Global DSM from ALOS PRISM (2014)

Abstract. Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping (PRISM), one of onboard sensors carried on the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS), was designed to generate worldwide topographic data with its optical stereoscopic observation. The sensor consists of three independent panchromatic radiometers for viewing forward, nadir, and backward in 2.5 m ground resolution producing a triplet stereoscopic image along its track. The sensor had observed huge amount of stereo images all over the world during the mission life of the satellite from 2006 through 2011. We have semi-automatically processed Digital Surface Model (DSM) data with the image archives in some limited areas. The height accuracy of the dataset was estimated at less than 5 m (rms) from the evaluation with ground control points (GCPs) or reference DSMs derived from the Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR). Then, we decided to process the global DSM datasets from all available archives of PRISM stereo images by the end of March 2016. This paper briefly reports on the latest processing algorithms for the global DSM datasets as well as their preliminary results on some test sites. The accuracies and error characteristics of datasets are analyzed and discussed on various fields by the comparison with existing global datasets such as Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) data and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data, as well as the GCPs and the reference airborne LiDAR/DSM.