gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduced reflection from roughened hyperbolic metamaterial (2013)

We show that roughened surfaces of hyperbolic metamaterials scatter light preferentially inside the media, resulting in a very low reflectance. This phenomenon of fundamental importance, demonstrated experimentally in arrays of silver nanowires grown in alumina membranes, is consistent with a broad-band singularity in the density of photonic states. It paves the road to a variety of applications ranging from the stealth technology to high-efficiency solar cells and photodetectors.
Chiral Porous Solids Based on Lamellar Lanthanide Phosphonates (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTChiral Porous Solids Based on Lamellar Lanthanide PhosphonatesOwen R. Evans, Helen L. Ngo, and Wenbin LinView Author Information Department of Chemistry, CB #3290 University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 42, 10395–10396Publication Date (Web):September 28, 2001Publication History Received8 June 2001Published online28 September 2001Published inissue 1 October 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja0163772https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0163772rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4174Altmetric-Citations434LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Lanthanides,Molecules,Organophosphorus compounds,Physical and chemical processes,Ring opening reactions Get e-Alerts
Combination Methyltransferase and Histone Deacetylase Inhibition in Elderly Patients with Secondary Acute Myelogenous Leukemia. (2007)

Abstract Background: Secondary acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) carries a poor prognosis when compared to de novo AML. Therapeutic options are typically limited as patients are often elderly with comorbidities that preclude intensive chemotherapy. Moreover, resistance to therapy is common. Studies have shown that methyltransferase inhibitors (MTI) have activity in myeloid malignancy. It is not known if addition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors improves or prolongs the activity of MTI. We present our experience of 3 elderly patients with secondary AML treated with MTI (azacitidine or decitabine) in combination with an HDAC inhibitor (vorinostat). Methods: Patients include 2 males and 1 female, ages 78 yrs, 82 yrs and 71 yrs. All were initially diagnosed with high-grade myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), which transformed to CD34+ secondary AML at 33, 14 and 4 months from diagnosis of MDS, respectively. One patient had trisomy 8. Patients received 8, 3 and 4 cycles of MTI before leukemic transformation, respectively. At transformation, one patient failed standard induction therapy and 1 patient failed arsenic trioxide. Both of these patients were then placed back on MTI as maintenance therapy. Vorinostat was added at a dosage of 400 mg daily at MTI cycles 8, 3 and 1 post transformation, respectively. The number of cycles of combination therapy was 6, 9 and 4. Gastrointestinal intolerance was an issue in 2 of these patients: nausea (n=2), diarrhea (n=2), vomiting (n=1) and loss of appetite (n=1). Dose reduction to 100mg in one patient and 300 mg in another resulted in some symptomatic relief. The addition of 5-HT3 antagonists or low dose prednisone allowed dose escalation. One patient had 50% reduction in marrow blasts, 1 had near clearance of the peripheral blasts and 1 had a transient minor platelet response. All 3 patients are alive at 14, 10 and 9 months post transformation (6, 8 and 7 months after addition of vorinostat) with no disease progression, respectively. Conclusion: The combination of MTI and HDAC could be an option in elderly patients with secondary AML without increasing morbidity and mortality. Treatment appears well tolerated when premedication with 5-HT3 antagonists is employed. As the treatment options are limited in high-risk elderly patients with secondary AML, larger studies are needed to investigate the utility of this combination.
Deep brain stimulation: current practice and challenges for the future (2003)

Chronic Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), which was approved for the treatment of symptoms in Parkinson Disease in 1998, is a conceptually new tool in the field of Neuromodulation. DBS is fundamentally similar to most pharmacological neuro modulation therapies: Both modulate synaptic transmission between nerve cells by modulating the release and/or effectivity of neurotransmitters in synapses. The highly specific functional modulation of brain structures in DBS opens new avenues for Neuromodulation in e.g. epilepsy and psychiatric diseases. Clinical application of DBS (Activa /spl reg/ Therapy), although in the large majority of the patients clinically highly effective, shows a wide range of outcomes. Maturation and standardization of the DBS therapy are required to bring DBS up to "standard of medical care". This paper will address the main concepts of the DBS therapy: Neuroanatomical stereotactic imaging and neurphysio logical brain target identification as well as further research and development to bring this therapy up to standard of medical care.
42.2: A New Conductor Structure for Plastic LCD Applications Utilizing “All Dry” Digital Laser Patterning (1998)

Abstract A new conductor material has been developed for plastic film LCD applications. This highly durable conductor has very low sheet resistance (under 10 ohms/square), high optical transmission (over 83%), low birefringence (less than 10 nm), good chemical resistance, very low oxygen &amp; moisture permeability, and excellent thermal and environmental stability. An “all dry” digital laser ablation process was also developed for patterning the conductors.
Synthesis and characterization of well-defined PAA–PEG multi-responsive hydrogels by ATRP and click chemistry (2014)

Well-defined multi-responsive PAA–PEG hydrogels exhibit a unique swelling property at different pH and Ca<sup>2+</sup> secondary crosslinking, and can potentially be used as stimuli responsive biomaterials.
HIV Sequence Compendium 2000 (2000)

HIV-2/SIV, and SIVagm. The HIV-2/SIV and SIVagm amino acid alignments are separate because the genetic distances between these groups are so great that presenting them in one alignment would make it very elongated because of the large number of gaps that have to be inserted. As always, tables with extensive background information gathered from the literature accompany the whole genome alignments. The collection of whole-gene sequences in the database is now large enough that we have abundant representation of most subtypes. For many subtypes, and especially for subtype B, a large number of sequences that span entire genes were not included in the printed alignments to conserve space. A more complete version of all alignments is available on our website, http://hiv-web.lanl.gov/content/hiv-db/ALIGN_CURRENT/ALIGN-INDEX.html. Importantly, all these alignments have been edited to include only one sequence per person, based on phylogenetic trees that were created for all of them, as well as on the literature. Because of the number of sequences available, we have decided to use a different selection principle this year, based on the epidemiological importance of the subtypes. Subtypes A–D and CRFs 01 and 02 are by far the most widespread variants, and for these (when available) we have included 8–10 representatives in the alignments. The other subtypes and CRFs are of lesser importance, and of these 4–5 each, or as many as are available, were included. In the alignments we have also included the 'Circulating Recombinant Forms', mosaic genomes that have epidemiological significance. See the 1999 review of nomenclature (http://hiv-web.lanl.gov/content/hiv-db/REVIEWS/nomenclature/Nomen.html) for more on CRFs, and see for an overview of the patterns of known CRFs. Amino acid alignment chapters begin with an annotation table that includes sequence names, accession numbers, genomic region represented, author, and references. We have made an effort to bring the HIV-2/SIV and SIVagm alignments up-to-date as well.
Crown Gall Tumorigenesis in Potato Tuber Tissue (1977)

Potato tuber discs were examined as a possible quantitative bioassay for studying tumor induction by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Discs from two potato varieties, Pontiac and Russett Burbank, were inoculated and cultured on water agar plates. Tumors appeared within 10 days. Both the number and weight of tumors per disc increased linearly for inoculum concentration between 1 × 107–1 × 109 cells per ml. Polarity, position of the disc relative to tuber epidermis, potato variety and the light conditions did not influence the tumor formation. The simplicity of the procedure and the homogeneity of the tissue, together with the fact that it is a quantitative bioassay, makes the potato tuber disc an ideal system for the investigation of biochemical step(s) associated with the transformation process.
In vitro antibody maturation. Improvement of a high affinity, neutralizing antibody against IL-1 beta . (1995)

Abs as therapeutic antagonists should be of relatively high affinity to effectively neutralize their target Ag. Typically, Abs with nanomolar affinities to protein Ags can be obtained in vivo, however, this may not be the upper limit of affinity because the biologic process attempts to optimize Ab function, of which affinity is only one component. SK48, a high affinity neutralizing murine Fab against human IL-1 beta was used to explore the nature of Ab-Ag interactions and the potential for further affinity improvement in vitro using mutagenesis and selection via phage display. The codons of six amino acids in the third complementarity-determining region of the heavy chain (CDR3-H) were both individually and combinatorialy randomized and the resultant libraries were screened for IL-1 binding phenotype. Mutations that reduced affinity suggested that both the backbone conformation of the CDR3 loop and certain side chains are essential for binding, yet alterations to the canonical salt bridge residues at the base of the loop had minimal effect on affinity. Four rounds of selection of the phage Ab libraries on immobilized IL-1 beta gave predominantly the wild-type sequence, indicating efficient affinity maturation of this CDR in vivo. However, a twofold improvement in affinity was observed for both single and double amino acid changes at two positions in the middle of the CDR. Moreover, a 10-fold increase in affinity for IL-1 beta was achieved by combining two of the phage-selected single amino acid substitutions in CDR3-H, thereby demonstrating that a significant improvement in affinity can be achieved through CDR mutagenesis, even in a matured Ab. The increased affinity of this Fab did not, however, enhance its neutralizing activity in vitro.
Polymers at Interfaces:  Using Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization in the Controlled Growth of Homopolymers and Block Copolymers from Silicon Surfaces in the Absence of Untethered Sacrificial Initiator (1999)

The atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene and acrylates from silicon wafers modified with an initiator layer composed of 2-bromoisobutyrate fragments is described. In the presence of the proper ratio of activating and deactivating transition-metal species, controlled radical polymerizations of styrene were observed such that the thickness of the layer consisting of chains grown from the surface increased linearly with the molecular weight of chains polymerized in solution in identical, yet separate, experiments. The layer thickness increased linearly with reaction time for ATRP of styrene and methyl acrylate due to both the extremely low initiator concentration relative to monomer and the low monomer conversion. Further evidence for control was observed by the polymerization of blocks of either methyl or tert-butyl acrylate from the polystyrene layer. Modification of the hydrophilicity of the surface layer was achieved by hydrolysis of the poly(styrene-b-tert-butyl acrylate) to poly(styrene-b-acrylic acid) and confirmed by decrease in water contact angle from 86° to 18°. The mechanistic aspects of ATRP in the polymerization process were confirmed by the growth of very thick polystyrene films in the presence of a pure copper(I) complex. Since no deactivator was present, the metal complex served only to facilitate initiation by a redox process. Attempts to extend chain with methyl acrylate under controlled conditions were unsuccessful in those films. The simulation of polymerization of surface layers suggests broader molecular weight and chain end distributions, confirming XPS results on the progressive decrease of Br absorption intensity.
Optical Waves in Crystals: Propagation and Control of Laser Radiation (1983)

The Wiley Classics Library consists of selected books that have become recognized classics in their respective fields. With these new unabridged and inexpensive editions, Wiley hopes to extend the life of these important works by making them available to future generations of mathematicians and scientists.
ATP Synthase Complex from Bovine Heart Mitochondria (1989)

Submitochondrial particles prepared by treatment of mitochondria with ammonia and silicotungstic acid were found to be deficient in coupling factor 6 according to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting and had reduced ATP-Pi exchange activity. Requirement of coupling factor 6 for passive proton conductance through mitochondrial F0 was investigated by assaying the ability of depleted particles to sustain NADH-induced proton fluxes as measured by the quenching of 9-amino-6-chloro-2-methoxyacridine fluorescence. The depleted particles themselves showed negligible quenching, but the quenching increased markedly after treating the particles with oligomycin. The data show for the first time that coupling factor 6-depleted complexes have an active proton channel that can be blocked by oligomycin. Therefore, coupling factor 6 is not essential for inhibitor-sensitive proton conductance through mitochondrial F0.
A phase II study of temozolomide in patients with newly diagnosedsupratentorial malignant glioma before radiation therapy (2002)

Temozolomide is a novel second-generation oral alkylating agent with demonstrated efficacy and safety in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and anaplastic astrocytoma (AA). A multicenter phase II trial was conducted to determine the efficacy and safety of temozolomide before radiotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed GBM and AA. Fifty-seven patients (51 adult, 6 pediatric) with newly diagnosed supratentorial GBM or AA were treated with temozolomide (200 mg/m ( 2 ) per day for 5 consecutive days every 28 days) for a maximum of 4 cycles. All patients were then treated with external beam radiotherapy. Twenty-two patients (39%) achieved objective response, including 6 (11%) with complete response (CR) and 16 (28%) with partial response (PR). Additionally, 18 (32%) patients had stable disease (SD). Of 21 patients (18 adult, 3 pediatric) with AA, 2 (10%) achieved CR, 5 (24%) achieved PR, and 8 (38%) had SD. Among adult patients with AA, the median progression-free and overall survival rates were 7.6 and 23.5 months, respectively. Among 36 patients (33 adult, 3 pediatric) with GBM, 4 (11%) had CR, 11 (31%) had PR, and 10 (28%) had SD. The median progression-free and overall survival rates among adult patients with GBM were 3.9 and 13.2 months, respectively. Temozolomide was safe and well tolerated in adult and pediatric patients. Grades 3 and 4 adverse events were reported in 16 (28%) and 7 (12%) patients, respectively. Temozolomide was safe and effective in treating newly diagnosed GBM and AA before radiotherapy. This pre-irradiation treatment approach appears promising, but will require additional evaluation in comparative studies.
Induction of apoptosis by adenovirus type 5 E1A in rat cells requires a proliferation block. (1994)

Infection with Ad5dl520EIB-, an adenovirus producing only the 243 residue E1A protein and lacking the E1B region, caused apoptosis in normal rat kidney (NRK) cells as judged by the production of nucleosomal DNA fragments. Apoptosis occurred only when the cells were growth-inhibited by cell-cell contacts in confluent cultures or by serum starvation and not when they were actively growing. In uninfected cultures, apoptosis also occurred at confluency, but more slowly than after infection. Studies with E1A deletion mutants of dl520E1B- showed that the regions of the E1A protein essential for induction of apoptosis were those in exon 1 required for binding to the cellular proteins p300 and pRb. Mutants defective at inducing apoptosis were previously found to be defective at inducing baby rat kidney cells to synthesize cellular DNA. In our experiments, cells underwent apoptosis when stimulated by E1A to proliferate under conditions where proliferation was blocked. It is possible that it was the proliferation block opposing the induction of proliferation that led directly to apoptosis. Circumstances leading to induction of apoptosis by c-myc (Evan et al., 1992) are similar and can be interpreted in a similar way.
Sensitive and specific detection of Listeria monocytogenes in milk and ground beef with the polymerase chain reaction (1991)

A sensitive and specific method for detection of Listeria monocytogenes in milk and ground-beef samples is described. It consists of culturing samples in listeria enrichment broth (LEB) and subculturing them from LEB to listeria plating media, followed by DNA extraction and species-specific detection of the organism by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In developing the L. monocytogenes PCR assay, five oligonucleotide primers complementary to the nucleotide sequence of the listeriolysin O gene were synthesized and used in amplification experiments. PCR products of the predicted size, based on nucleotide sequence information, were generated with DNA from all of 72 L. monocytogenes strains with five different primer pairs. DNA from Listeria ivanovii, Listeria innocua, Listeria seeligeri, Listeria welshimeri, Listeria grayi, and Listeia murrayi strains and a panel of 47 bacterial strains representing 17 genera did not generate PCR products with the primer pairs employed. As little as 1 pg of L. monocytogenes DNA could be detected with the assay. To determine the most sensitive culture protocol to use in conjunction with the PCR assay, milk (10 ml) and ground-beef (25 g) samples were inoculated with L. monocytogenes at concentrations ranging from 0 to 10(5) CFU ml-1 or g-1, as appropriate for the sample. PCR assays on DNA extracted from growth on listeria plating media, inoculated with 24-h LEB samples cultures, were most sensitive, allowing detection of as little as 0.1 CFU of L. monocytogenes ml-1 or g-1 of milk and ground beef, respectively.
Full diversity distributed space-time trellis codes for asynchronous cooperative communications (2005)

In current cooperative communication schemes, to achieve cooperative diversity, synchronization between terminals is usually assumed, which may not be practical since each terminal has its own local oscillator. In this paper, based on the stack construction proposed by Hammons and El Gamal, we first construct a family of space-time trellis codes for BPSK modulation scheme that is characterized to possess the full cooperative diversity order without the synchronization assumption. We then generalize this family of space-time trellis codes from BPSK to higher order QAM and PSK modulation schemes based on the unified construction proposed by Lu and Kumar. And also, simplified decoding methods are discussed. Simulation results are given to illustrate the performance of the newly proposed codes.
Cellular FLICE-inhibitory Protein Splice Variants Inhibit Different Steps of Caspase-8 Activation at the CD95 Death-inducing Signaling Complex (2001)

Upon stimulation, CD95 (APO-1/Fas) recruits the adapter molecule FADD/MORT1, procaspase-8, and the cellular FLICE-inhibitory proteins (c-FLIP) into the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC). According to the induced proximity model, procaspase-8 is activated in the DISC in an autoproteolytic manner by two subsequent cleavage steps. c-FLIP proteins exist as a long (c-FLIP(L)) and a short (c-FLIP(S)) splice variant, both of them capable of protecting cells from death receptor-mediated apoptosis. In stably transfected BJAB cells, both c-FLIP(S) and c-FLIP(L) block procaspase-8 activation at the DISC. However, cleavage is blocked at different steps. c-FLIP(L) allows the first cleavage step of procaspase-8, leading to the generation of the p10 subunit. In contrast, c-FLIP(S) completely inhibits cleavage of procaspase-8. Interestingly, p43-c-FLIP(L) lacking the p12 subunit also prevents cleavage of procaspase-8. In contrast, a nonprocessable mutant of c-FLIP(L) allows the first cleavage of procaspase-8. In conclusion, both c-FLIP proteins prevent caspase-8 activation at different levels of procaspase-8 processing at the DISC. Our results indicate that c-FLIP(L) induces a conformation of procaspase-8 that allows partial but not complete proteolytical processing, whereas in contrast c-FLIP(S) even prevents partial procaspase-8 activation at the DISC.
Genes, genes, genes (2003)

To the Medical Research Council, currently enjoying the warmth of celebrations marking the 50th anniversary of Crick and Watson's discovery of the double helix at an MRC laboratory, last week's report by the House of Commons science and technology committee must have felt like a bucket of ice cold water. Tempered only by a few nods of approval, the report is scathing about many of the MRC's practices and procedures.

The committee, chaired by Dr Ian Gibson MP, has maintained its reputation for bluntness. It claims to have heard of “significant disquiet about the policies and performance of the MRC from individual researchers and organisations.” It accuses the council of poor financial planning and management and of introducing “misguided strategies for its research support.”

The MPs' final conclusion is no less outspoken: “[The MRC] has been guilty of inconsistent and inadequate communication which has hampered our ability to assess [its] performance and misled its research community. Combined, these have harmed the reputation of the organisation and caused great resentment among and inconvenience to the research community it is meant to be supporting.”

The MRC has responded to the report with what it describes as deep disappointment. “The language was a shock,” said the MRC's chief executive, George Radda. “I expected some …