gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Delayed Radioprotection by NFκB-Mediated Induction of Sod2 (MnSOD) in SA-NH Tumor Cells after Exposure to Clinically Used Thiol-Containing Drugs (2004)

The ability of thiol-containing reducing agents to activate transcription factors leading to changes in gene expression and enzyme activities provides an additional mechanism to potentially protect against radiation-induced cell killing. Manganese superoxide dismutase (Sod2) is one such gene whose expression levels have been shown to be elevated after exposure to the thiol compounds WR-1065 and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), resulting in an increase in radiation resistance. To further characterize this effect, SA-NH sarcoma cells, both wild-type and a clone stably transfected with a plasmid containing an IkappaBalpha gene mutated at serines 32 and 36, which prevents the inducible phosphorylation of these residues and the subsequent activation of NFkappaB (SA-NH+mIkappaBalpha1), were grown to confluence and then exposed to amifostine's free thiol WR-1065 at a concentration of 4 mM for 30 min. Effects of thiol exposure on NFKB activation in SA-NH+mIkappaBalpha1 cells were determined by a gel shift assay, and changes in Sod2 protein levels in these cells 24 h after exposure to 40 microM or 4 mM WR-1065 were measured by Western blot analysis and compared with wild-type cells exposed to the NFkappaB inhibitor BAY 11-7082. Changes in radiation response, measured immediately after thiol exposure or 24 h later, were determined using a colony-forming assay and were correlated with NFKB activation and Sod2 protein levels. The effects of captopril, mesna and NAC, each at a dose of 4 mM, on radiation response were also determined and contrasted with those of WR-1065. Only WR-1065 and captopril protected SA-NH cells when present during irradiation, i.e. 1.57 and 1.31 times increase in survival at 2 Gy, respectively. All four thiols were protective if irradiation with 2 Gy occurred 24 h later; i.e. increases in survival of 1.40, 1.22, 1.35, and 1.25 times were found for WR-1065, captopril, mesna and NAC, respectively. This delayed radioprotective effect correlated with elevated Sod2 protein levels in wild-type SA-NH tumor cells but was not observed in SA-NH+mIkappaBalpha1 cells, indicating that interference with thiol-induced NFKB activation abrogates this delayed radioprotective effect. Because the delayed radioprotective effect is readily demonstrable at a radiation dose of 2 Gy 24 h after exposure to clinically approved thiol-containing drugs such as amifostine, captopril, mesna and NAC, it suggests a new potential concern regarding the issue of tumor protection and the use of these agents in cancer therapy.
Dual-wavelength multifrequency photothermal wave imaging combined with optical coherence tomography for macrophage and lipid detection in atherosclerotic plaques using gold nanoparticles (2012)

The objective of this study was to assess the ability of combined photothermal wave (PTW) imaging and optical coherence tomography (OCT) to detect, and further characterize the distribution of macrophages (having taken up plasmonic gold nanorose as a contrast agent) and lipid deposits in atherosclerotic plaques. Aortas with atherosclerotic plaques were harvested from nine male New Zealand white rabbits divided into nanorose- and saline-injected groups and were imaged by dual-wavelength (800 and 1210 nm) multifrequency (0.1, 1 and 4 Hz) PTW imaging in combination with OCT. Amplitude PTW images suggest that lateral and depth distribution of nanorose-loaded macrophages (confirmed by two-photon luminescence microscopy and RAM-11 macrophage stain) and lipid deposits can be identified at selected modulation frequencies. Radiometric temperature increase and modulation amplitude of superficial nanoroses in response to 4 Hz laser irradiation (800 nm) were significantly higher than native plaque (P<0.001). Amplitude PTW images (4 Hz) were merged into a coregistered OCT image, suggesting that superficial nanorose-loaded macrophages are distributed at shoulders on the upstream side of atherosclerotic plaques (P<0.001) at edges of lipid deposits. Results suggest that combined PTW-OCT imaging can simultaneously reveal plaque structure and composition, permitting characterization of nanorose-loaded macrophages and lipid deposits in atherosclerotic plaques.
Hyperbranched polymers for drug delivery (1997)

Polymeric drug-delivery systems are attractive as a means of effectively controlling drug concentration and for targeting specific regions in the body. Until recently, most polymers investigated for drug-delivery applications were either linear (nonbranched) or crosslinked (highly branched) in nature. Current advances in polymers with highly branched and defined architectures have opened new opportunities for developments within the drug-delivery field. These pdlymers are frequently referred to as being hyperbranched or dendritic to emphasize the role of branching in the polymer architecture. A variety of intriguing systems are being explored that exploit the potential of hyperbranched polymers for use as drug-delivery agents.
Surgical treatment of liver metastases in patients with colorectal cancer (1993)

The incidence of colorectal cancer in the United States is increasing. Because more than half of patients with colorectal cancer have liver metastases develop, the number of patients with hepatic metastases also is increasing. Unfortunately, metastatic disease will be limited to the liver in perhaps 25% of these patients and confined to only one lobe of the liver 25% of this subgroup. Consequently, solitary or unilobar colorectal metastases are found in as few as 5% of patients with colorectal cancer. The median survival of patients with unresected hepatic metastases is approximately 10.6 months. Patients with solitary lesions or small tumor burdens may attain a median survival of 16-20 months, but 5-year survivors are extremely rare. In contrast, rates of 5-year survival average approximately 36% after resections of solitary hepatic lesions and may approach the same level in selected patients with multiple lesions. Factors that appear to adversely effect survival include detection of metastatic disease because of signs or symptoms of disease, an elevated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, elevated liver function tests, poorly differentiated primary lesions, lymph node-positive primary lesions, extrahepatic sites of metastases, more than four hepatic lesions, bilobar disease, a satellite pattern of metastases in the liver, positive margins of the liver resection, positive extrahepatic lymph nodes, and more than 10 units of blood transfusion during the perioperative period. Operative mortality for liver resections should remain approximately 4%, and major morbidity should be in the range of 20-30%. Modalities other than surgical resection have not improved survival in patients with colorectal hepatic metastases. Thus, when feasible, patients with metastatic colorectal cancer limited to one lobe of the liver should undergo hepatic resection. Unfortunately, only approximately 5% of patients with colorectal cancer fall into this category, so resection of hepatic metastases can improve overall survival of patients with colorectal cancer by only 1-2%.
Eye and Head Turning Indicates Cerebral Lateralization (1972)

When solving verbal problems, right-handed people usually turn head and eyes to the right, whereas with numerical and spatial problems, these people look up and left. Left-handed people differ in all these respects. The results suggest that the direction in which people look while thinking reflects the lateralization of the underlying cerebral activity.
Analysis of an avtA::Mu d1(Ap lac) mutant: metabolic role of transaminase C (1982)

Escherichia coli can synthesize alpha-ketoisovalerate, the precursor of valine, leucine, and pantothenate, by three routes: anabolically via dihydroxyacid dehydrase and catabolically via both the branched-chain amino acid transaminase (transaminase B) and the alanine-valine transaminase (transaminase C). An E. coli K-12 mutant devoid of transaminase C (avtA) was isolated by mutagenizing an isoleucine-requiring strain devoid of transaminase B (ilvE::Tn5) with Mu d1(Ap lac) and selecting for valine-requiring derivatives which were ampicillin resistant, Lac+, able to crossfeed an ilvD mutant, and unable to grow on alpha-ketoisovalerate in place of valine. Strains defective in one, two, or all three alpha-ketoisovalerate metabolic enzymes were constructed, and their properties were analyzed. The data indicated that avtA is the structural gene for transaminase C, that transaminase C is a single enzyme species, and that the sole pathway for pantothenate biosynthesis is from alpha-ketoisovalerate. The data further showed that isoelectric inhibits the transaminase B-catalyzed deamination of valine in vivo.
A Novel Zr‐Based Porous Coordination Polymer Containing Azobenzenedicarboxylate as a Linker (2012)

Abstract A novel porous coordination polymer (PCP), Zr–abdc, composed of Zr‐based secondary building units (SBUs), [Zr 6 O 4 (OH) 4 ] 12+ , and 4,4′‐azobenzenedicarboxylate (abdc 2– ) linkers, has been synthesized by a modulated synthetic approach. In accord with the twelve‐fold connecting SBU, Zr–abdc has a topology similar to the PCP series UiO‐66–UiO‐68, which is proposed from single‐crystal XRD and powder (P)XRD experiments. The linkers are strongly disordered, which made it impossible to determine the exact structure. The compound was further characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and Ar sorption measurements. Soxhlet extraction with ethanol instead of simple washing was helpful to remove guest molecules present in the pores after the synthesis. PXRD patterns measured at elevated temperatures show that a material stable up to 400 °C in air was obtained. After activation, it showed a specific surface area of 3000 m 2 g –1 and a pore volume of 1.41 cm 3 g –1 .
Role of CFTR in chloride secretion across human tracheal epithelium (1995)

We have tested two hypotheses: 1) the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) represents the predominant Cl conductance in the apical membrane of human tracheal epithelium, and 2) CFTR in this tissue is close to maximally activated under baseline conditions. In support of the first hypothesis, we found 1) when the level of differentiation of cultures was varied by varying the culture conditions, there was a significant positive correlation between the levels of CFTR and the magnitude of mediator-induced Cl secretion. 2) Amiloride-insensitive baseline short-circuit current (Isc) and mediator-induced increases in Isc were inhibited by diphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid (DPAC) but not by 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS), a pharmacology consistent with passage of apical membrane Cl current through CFTR; Ca-activated Cl channels are inhibited by DIDS but not by DPAC. 3) Raising temperature from 22 degrees to 37 degrees C increased 125I efflux, and this increase was inhibited by DPAC and blockers of protein kinase A, but not by DIDS or 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-acetoxymethyl ester. In support of the second hypothesis, we have earlier shown [M. Yamaya, W.E. Finkbeiner, S.Y. Chun, and J.H. Widdicombe. Am. J. Physiol. 262 (Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 6): L713-L724, 1992] that adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-elevating agents are essentially without effect on Isc across primary cultures of human tracheal epithelium. Here, we further show that these agents are also usually without effect on 125I efflux; the mean increase in efflux in response to elevating cAMP was approximately 20% that of raising temperature from 22 degrees to 37 degrees C.
Pyroptosis and host cell death responses during Salmonella infection (2007)

Salmonella enterica are facultatively intracellular pathogens causing diseases with markedly visible signs of inflammation. During infection, Salmonella interacts with various host cell types, often resulting in death of those cells. Salmonella induces intestinal epithelial cell death via apoptosis, a cell death programme with a notably non-inflammatory outcome. In contrast, macrophage infection triggers caspase-1-dependent proinflammatory programmed cell death, a recently recognized process termed pyroptosis, which is distinguished from other forms of cellular demise by its unique mechanism, features and inflammatory outcome. Rapid macrophage pyroptosis depends on the Salmonella pathogenicity island-1 type III secretion system (T3SS) and flagella. Salmonella dynamically modulates induction of macrophage pyroptosis, and regulation of T3SS systems permits bacterial replication in specialized intracellular niches within macrophages. However, these infected macrophages later undergo a delayed form of caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis. Caspase-1-deficient mice are more susceptible to a number of bacterial infections, including salmonellosis, and pyroptosis is therefore considered a generalized protective host response to infection. Thus, Salmonella-induced pyroptosis serves as a model to understand a broadly important pathway of proinflammatory programmed host cell death: examining this system affords insight into mechanisms of both beneficial and pathological cell death and strategies employed by pathogens to modulate host responses.
A Survey and Classification of Controlled Natural Languages (2013)

What is here called controlled natural language (CNL) has traditionally been given many different names. Especially during the last four decades, a wide variety of such languages have been designed. They are applied to improve communication among humans, to improve translation, or to provide natural and intuitive representations for formal notations. Despite the apparent differences, it seems sensible to put all these languages under the same umbrella. To bring order to the variety of languages, a general classification scheme is presented here. A comprehensive survey of existing English-based CNLs is given, listing and describing 100 languages from 1930 until today. Classification of these languages reveals that they form a single scattered cloud filling the conceptual space between natural languages such as English on the one end and formal languages such as propositional logic on the other. The goal of this article is to provide a common terminology and a common model for CNL, to contribute to the understanding of their general nature, to provide a starting point for researchers interested in the area, and to help developers to make design decisions.
Neurosteroids Mediate Habituation and Tonic Inhibition in the Auditory Midbrain (2001)

Habituation of the behavioral response to a repetitive stimulus is a well-established observation in perceptual studies and is considered a basic form of nonassociative learning. There is also a long history of physiological studies suggesting that central nervous system habituation is mediated by inhibition. At higher levels of the sensory pathways, such inhibition is mainly contributed by GABAa receptor mechanisms. Concepts of modification of synaptic efficacy that apply to excitatory amino acid synaptic transmission do not have direct parallels with these inhibitory synapses: quantal release of GABA rapidly saturates available receptors at a synapse, placing an upper limit on responsiveness to increased transmitter release. However, pharmacological modulation of GABAa-receptor efficacy with exogenous agents (e.g., benzodiazepines and beta-carbolines) is known to occur through allosteric mechanisms that modulate the effectiveness (positive and negative) of GABA at this receptor. The most potent endogenous modulators are 5alpha-reduced steroids. Production of these steroids was attenuated in adult rats with systemic injection of Finasteride, a competitive substrate for 5alpha-reductase. This treatment was sufficient to block habituation of the evoked midbrain response to repetitive presentation of an acoustic click. This result confirms that simple habituation is due to an increase in active inhibition, the increase being mediated by steroid modulation of the GABAa-receptor. Finasteride treatment also brought about a 23% increase in the evoked response to a click stimulus, suggesting that 5alpha-reduced steroids normally contribute to tonic inhibition in the rat inferior colliculus.
Kinetic analysis in cell culture of the reversal of antiherpes activity of nucleoside analogs by thymidine (1983)

The inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 plaque formation by acyclovir, bromovinyldeoxyuridine, 9-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)guanine, and 9-(4-hydroxybutyl)guanine at different thymidine concentrations was analyzed in Lineweaver-Burk plots. Linear competitive patterns between thymidine and the nucleoside analogs were observed for the inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 plaque formation. A new constant, the reversal constant Kr, was introduced to describe the sensitivity in cell culture of an antiviral drug to the reversal of its viral activity by a metabolite (e.g., thymidine).
Effect of tiotropium bromide on airway inflammation and remodelling in a mouse model of asthma (2010)

These results indicate that tiotropium bromide can inhibit Th2 cytokine production and airway inflammation, and thus may reduce airway remodelling and AHR in a murine model of asthma.
기조 발표 논문 : 번역과 국어국문학 연구 (2003)

번역이란 외국의 문화를 수용하여 자국의 문화창조에 기여할 것을 목적으로 이루어지는 활동이다. 따라서 우리나라는 일찍부터 선진문화를 수용하기 위하여 번역이 성행하였고, 이를 통하여 새로운 문화를 재창조할 수 있었다. 그러나 번역활동이 구체적으로 국어국문학연구에 어떠한 영향을 끼쳤는가에 대한 연구는 미미한 실정이다. 그리하여 여기에서는 번역이 외국문화 수용에 미치는 영향과 번역의 기술, 번역의 효용을 살펴보았다. 그리고 번역이 국어국문학 연구와의 관련성과 함께 연구 영역을 번역사의 연구, 번역이론에 대한 연구, 번역의 영향으로 설정하고 이에 대한 연구의 필요성과 방향을 제시하고자 했다.
Structural changes of silk fibroin membranes induced by immersion in methanol aqueous solutions (1994)

Abstract Structural changes of native and regenerated silk fibroin membranes were induced by immersion in water‐methanol solutions and examined as a function of immersion time and methanol concentration. X‐ray diffractometry and infrared spectroscopy data showed that transition from random coil to β‐sheet structure occurred favorably when both native and regenerated silk fibroin membranes were immersed in water‐methanol solutions, regardless of the different immersion time. Only native silk membrane, treated for 2 min with pure methanol, maintained its original amorphous structure, as demonstrated by differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) curves. The degree of displacement, measured by thermomechanical analysis (TMA), was much greater for regenerated than for native silk fibroin membranes. SDS‐PAGE pattern showed that native silk fibroin has a molecular weight of 350, while the regenerated sample is formed by a large number of polypeptides in the range of 200‐50 KD. The amount of acidic and basic amino acids decreased slightly in regenerated silk fibroin. Physical properties of silk membranes treated with water‐methanol solutions are discussed in terms of membrane structure, treatment conditions, and chemical structure of starting material. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
A Survey of Structure−Property Relationships of Surfaces that Resist the Adsorption of Protein (2001)

This paper describes the use of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy and self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) to determine the characteristics of functional groups that give surfaces the ability to resist the nonspecific adsorption of proteins from solution. Mixed SAMs presenting different functional groups were prepared for screening using a synthetic protocol based on the reaction of organic amines with a SAM terminated by interchain carboxylic anhydride groups. Surfaces that presented derivatives of oligo(sarcosine), N-acetylpiperazine, and permethylated sorbitol groups were particularly effective in resisting the adsorption of proteins. Incorporation of these groups into single-component SAMs resulted in surfaces that are comparable to (but slightly less good than) single-component SAMs that present oligo(ethylene glycol) in their ability to resist the adsorption of proteins. In the group of surfaces examined, those that resisted the adsorption of proteins had the following properties: they were hydrophilic; they contained groups that were hydrogen-bond acceptors but not hydrogen-bond donors; and they were overall electrically neutral.
AAV5–Factor VIII Gene Transfer in Severe Hemophilia A (2017)

The infusion of AAV5-hFVIII-SQ was associated with the sustained normalization of factor VIII activity level over a period of 1 year in six of seven participants who received a high dose, with stabilization of hemostasis and a profound reduction in factor VIII use in all seven participants. In this small study, no safety events were noted, but no safety conclusions can be drawn. (Funded by BioMarin Pharmaceutical; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02576795 ; EudraCT number, 2014-003880-38 .).
A HOLOGRAPHICALLY ROUTED OPTICAL CROSSBAR USING A FERROELECTRIC LIQUID-CRYSTAL OVER SILICON SPATIAL LIGHT MODULATOR (1996)

Abstract Ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulators can be used to display high quality binary phase holograms, and incorporated into programmable free space interconnects. These are potentially highly efficient, and have advantages over conventional shutter based architectures. Such structures have applications in telecommunications and optical processing. In this paper a 16 channel ‘crossbar’ interconnect is presented. Hologram measurement indicates the crossbar will function with a high noise margin. Device nonuniformities cause distortion in the hologram replay and techniques to compensate for this are discussed. Optical throughput and DC balancing of the liquid crystal currently restrict the performance of the switch: Possible solutions to these problems are detailed.
A top down approach to protein structural studies using chemical cross‐linking and Fourier transform mass spectrometry (2002)

Mass spectrometric analysis of wild-type proteins that have been covalently modified by bifunctional cross-linking reagents and then digested proteolytically can be used to obtain low-resolution distance constraints, which can be useful for protein structure determination. Limitations of this approach include time-consuming separation steps, such as the separation of internally cross-linked protein monomers from covalent dimers, and a susceptibility to artifacts due to low levels of natural and man-made peptide modifications that can be mistaken for cross-linked species. The results presented here show that when a crude cross-linked protein mixture is injected into an electrospray ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry (ESI-FTMS) instrument, the cross-link positions can be localized by fragmentation and mass spectrometry on the 'gas-phase purified' singly internally cross-linked monomer. Our results show that reaction of ubiquitin with the homobifunctional lysine-lysine cross-linking reagent dissuccinimidyl suberate (DSS) resulted in two cross-links consistent with the known ubiquitin tertiary structure (K6-K11 and K48-K63). Because no protein or peptide chemistry steps are needed, other than the initial cross-linking, this new top down approach appears well suited for high-throughput experiments with multiple cross-linkers and reaction conditions. Published in 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Probabilistic in-network caching for information-centric networks (2012)

In-network caching necessitates the transformation of centralised operations of traditional, overlay caching techniques to a decentralised and uncoordinated environment. Given that caching capacity in routers is relatively small in comparison to the amount of forwarded content, a key aspect is balanced distribution of content among the available caches. In this paper, we are concerned with decentralised, real-time distribution of content in router caches. Our goal is to reduce caching redundancy and in turn, make more efficient utilisation of available cache resources along a delivery path.