gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Annulation of α‐Formyl α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones by a Michael Addition‐Cyclization Sequence. A Versatile Synthesis of Alicyclic Six‐Membered Rings. (1985)

Abstract Die aus den Cyclohexanonen (I) dargestellten α‐Hydroxymethylen‐Derivate (II) werden mit DDQ zu den Enonen (III) umgesetzt, von denen (IIIc) mit den β‐Ketoestern (IV) unter Michael‐Addition zu (V) reagiert.
T-cell antigen receptor ligation induces tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C-gamma 1 (1991)

Ligand-mediated perturbation of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) triggers a rapid increase in phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC) activity in resting T-cells. Although the mechanism by which TCR ligation regulates PLC activity is unknown, recent studies suggest that coupling of this receptor complex to PLC activity is dependent on an intermediate protein tyrosine phosphorylation event(s). In the present study, we demonstrate that antibody-mediated TCR cross-linkage results in the tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-gamma 1. Stimulation of the TCR for 30 s induced a 4-5-fold increase in the level of PLC activity recovered in anti-phosphotyrosine (Tyr(P)) antibody immunoprecipitates from stimulated Jurkat cells. The appearance of PLC activity in the immunoprecipitates preceded the onset of phosphoinositide hydrolysis in vivo, which began 30-60 s after TCR ligation. Furthermore, the TCR-mediated increase in anti-Tyr(P) antibody-bound PLC activity was inhibited by staurosporine at drug concentrations identical with those required for in vivo inhibition of TCR-dependent phosphoinositide breakdown. Immunoblot analyses demonstrated that TCR ligation dramatically increased the level of tyrosine-phosphorylated PLC-gamma 1 present in anti-Tyr(P) antibody immunoprecipitates from stimulated Jurkat cells. These results strongly suggest that the TCR complex expressed by Jurkat cells is functionally coupled to the phosphoinositide-dependent signaling pathway through the tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-gamma 1.
Enabling high capacity direct-detection optical OFDM transmissions using beat interference cancellation receiver (2010)

We demonstrate a simple beat interference cancellation approach enabling higher spectral efficiency and better sensitivity (> 2 dB) for DDO-OFDM. The associated benefits of enhanced phase noise and PMD tolerances, as well as the impacts of diverse filter parameters, are also discussed.
Requirement for Cotolerogenic Gene Products in the Clonal Deletion of I-E Reactive T Cells (1990)

T cells that express the T cell receptor V beta 5.2 domain react with the class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule I-E, and V beta 5.2+ T cells are deleted in mouse strains that express I-E glycoproteins. By examination of genetically defined recombinant inbred (RI) mouse strains, it was found that the deletion was dependent on the expression of I-E and one of a limited number of non-MHC gene products (cotolerogens). The gene encoding one of these cotolerogens maps to chromosome 12 and is linked to the endogenous provirus Mtv-9. These observations suggest that the I-E-mediated and minor lymphocyte-stimulating antigen (Mls)-mediated deletions of alpha beta T cells from the repertoire are similar; both require the expression of a class II MHC glycoprotein and a second non-MHC gene product.
Role of Complement Activation in a Model of Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (1980)

The adult respiratory distress syndrome is characterized by arterial hypoxemia as a result of increased alveolar capillary permeability to serum proteins in the setting of normal capillary hydrostatic pressures. Because bacterial sepsis is prominent among the various diverse conditions associated with altered alveolar capillary permeability, we studied the effect of bacteremia with attendant complement activation on the sequestration of microorganisms and the leakage of albumin in the lungs of guinea pigs. Pneumococci were injected intravenously into guinea pigs and their localization was studied. Unlike normal guinea pigs, complement-depleted guinea pigs did not localize injected bacteria to the lungs. Preopsonization of organisms did not correct this defect in pulmonary localization of bacteria in complement-depleted animals, suggesting that a fluid-phase component of complement activation was required. Genetically C5-deficient mice showed no pulmonary localization of bacteria. C5-sufficient mice demonstrated the usual pulmonary localization, thus further suggesting that the activation of C5 might be important in this localization. The infusion of activated C5 increased alveolar capillary permeability to serum proteins as assayed by the amount of radioactive albumin sequestered in the lung. Neutropenic animals did not develop altered capillary permeability after challenge with activated C5. Thus, complement activation through C5, in the presence of neutrophils, induces alterations in pulmonary alveolar capillary permeability and causes localization of bacteria to the pulmonary parenchyma. Complement activation in other disease states could potentially result in similar clinical manifestations.
PETAL LOSS gene regulates initiation and orientation of second whorl organs in the Arabidopsis flower (1999)

PETAL LOSS is a new class of flower development gene whose mutant phenotype is confined mostly to the second whorl. Two properties are disrupted, organ initiation and organ orientation. Initiation is frequently blocked, especially in later-formed flowers, or variably delayed. The few petals that arise occupy a wider zone of the flower primordium than normal. Also, a minority of petals are trumpet-shaped, thread-like or stamenoid. Studies of ptl combined with homeotic mutants have revealed that the mutant effect is specific to the second whorl, not to organs with a petal identity. We propose that the PTL gene normally promotes the induction of organ primordia in specific regions of the second floral whorl. In ptl mutants, these regions are enlarged and organ induction is variably reduced, often falling below a threshold. A dominant genetic modifier of the ptl mutant phenotype was found in the Landsberg erecta strain that significantly boosts the mean number of petals per flower, perhaps by reinforcing induction so that the threshold is now more often reached. The second major disruption in ptl mutants relates to the orientation adopted by second whorl organs from early in their development. In single mutants the full range of orientations is seen, but when B function (controlling organ identity) is also removed, most second whorl organs now face outwards rather than inwards. Orientation is unaffected in B function single mutants. Thus petals apparently perceive their orientation within the flower primordium by a mechanism requiring PTL function supported redundantly by that of B class genes.
Hypothermia but not the N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist, MK-801, attenuates neuronal damage in gerbils subjected to transient global ischemia (1990)

Several laboratories have reported a significant reduction of ischemia-induced injury to hippocampal neurons in rodents treated with competitive and noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-channel antagonists. This study examined the effects of the noncompetitive antagonist (+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine maleate (MK-801) in Mongolian gerbils subjected to 5 min of bilateral carotid artery occlusion. In adult female gerbils, single doses of MK-801 injected 1 hr prior to ischemia significantly (p less than 0.01) reduced damage to CA1 hippocampal neurons. However, the drug rendered the postischemic animals comatose and hypothermic for several hours compared with the saline-treated animals. In subsequent experiments, animals pretreated with MK-801 and maintained normothermic during and after forebrain ischemia demonstrated no amelioration of hippocampal damage. Gerbils not treated with MK-801, but kept hypothermic in the postischemic period to approximately the same degree (34.5 degrees C) and duration (8 hr) as was induced by MK-801 therapy showed significant (p less than 0.01) protection of CA1 neurons against ischemia. The neuroprotective activity of MK-801 against transient global ischemia appears to be largely a consequence of postischemic hypothermia rather than a direct action on NMDA receptor-channels.
Importance of iron supply for erythropoietin therapy (1995)

Long-term thrice-weekly i.v. low-dose iron therapy (10-20 mg per HD treatment) proved to be a very effective, economical and safe treatment schedule for iron-replete HD patients. Intravenous and s.c. rHuEpo therapy was equally efficacious in iron-replete, well-nourished patients. HD patients with increased parathyroid hormone levels require significantly more rHuEpo than HD patients with parathyroid hormone levels values < 100 pg/ml).
Negative pressure wound therapy: treating a venomous insect bite (2007)

Reports of spider bites appear throughout North America. Bites associated with the brown recluse spider (Loxosceles recluse) cause serious medical complications because the venom of this spider contains a powerful necrotising agent with the potential to cause severe cutaneous necrosis. Although not much is known regarding the application of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) to spider bites, this therapy has considerable literature support for its efficacy, cost-effectiveness and ease of use in chronic, difficult-to-heal wounds. A case study using NPWT to successfully treat a non healing upper arm wound presumed due to a venomous spider bite is presented here. The patient was successfully treated with a new, less costly NPWT product called the Versatile 1 and a new combination drain plus dressing called the Miller DermiVex drain, both manufactured by Blue Sky Medical (Carlsbad, CA).
Abstract 280: Reversal of Acute Coagulopathy Using Small-Volume 7.5% NaCl with Adenocaine and Mg2+ Resuscitation in a Rat Model of Severe Hemorrhagic Shock (2011)

Acute traumatic coagulopathy occurs early in hemorrhagic trauma and is a major contributor to further bleeding, inflammation and mortality. Previously we showed that a small intravenous (IV) bolus of 7.5% NaCl with Adenocaine (adenosine and lidocaine) and Mg2+ could resuscitate mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) to within a permissive hypotensive range. Our aim was to examine the effect of the same fluid on activated partial thromboplastin times (aPTT) and prothrombin times (PT) following 60 min of resuscitation.

Methods: Male fed Sprague-Dawley rats (444 ± 10g, n=64) were anesthetized, non-heparinized and randomly assigned to one of eight groups: 1) Baseline blood, 2) 20 min bleed, 3) 60 min shock, 4) Untreated resuscitation, 5) 7.5% NaCl, 6) 7.5% NaCl Adenocaine, 7) 7.5% NaCl Mg2+ and 8) 7.5% NaCl, Adenocaine Mg2+. Hemorrhagic shock was induced by phlebotomy until MAP was 35-40 mmHg and continued for 20 min (~40% blood loss). Animals were left in shock for 60 min at 34°C. 0.3 ml IV bolus was injected over 2 sec. Arterial blood pressures, MAP, heart rate and rectal temperature were monitored. Arterial blood was collected in 3.2% Na-citrate tubes, centrifuged and the plasma was snap-frozen (-196°C) and stored at -80°C. aPTT and PT were measured on an Amelung KC4A microcoagulometer.

Results: Baseline aPTT and PT values were 17 ± 0.5 sec and 28 ± 0.8 sec, and increased significantly to 63 ± 21 and 107 ± 33 sec after blood withdrawal (20 min), and over 10 times baseline after 60 min shock. The large increases during shock were not due to hypothermia. Sixty minutes after 0.3 ml bolus resuscitation, the hypocoagulopathy worsened in all groups with the exception of 7.5% NaCl Adenocaine and Mg2+ with aPTT of 24 ± 1.7 sec and PT of 33 ± 1 sec. A partial restoration occurred with 7.5% NaCl Mg2+ (aPTT of 150 ± 43 and PT of 182 ± 47 sec) but was not significantly different from 7.5% NaCl alone.

Conclusion: aPTT and PT clotting times significantly increased during bleeding and shock prior to resuscitation. The hypocoagulopathy increased with 7.5% NaCl and was nearly completely reversed with 7.5% NaCl Adenocaine and Mg2+. We speculate that the mechanism(s) of reversal may shed light on understanding acute traumatic coagulopathy in out-of-hospital and far forward military settings.
Compact antenna arrays for MIMO applications (2002)

We use antenna-antenna interactions to reduce spatial correlations among antenna elements. which allows for closely packed arrays for MIMO applications in small portable devices. The reduction in spatial correlations is a result of the modification of the antennas' radiation pattern when the elements are brought close to each other. We show how a particular dielectric antenna element can be manipulated so that closely placed elements have either nearly isotropic radiation patterns or more anisotropic ones. Accordingly, we find that in a multiple-scattering environment the correlation between antennas with isotropic pattern has an oscillatory behavior with period /spl sim//spl lambda/ expected for a 3D Rayleigh fading environment. On the other hand, antennas with an anisotropic pattern show a low degree of spatial correlation of /spl sim/0.2 independent of the antenna separation. Electromagnetic simulations confirm our experimental observation and provide a path for a systematic design and optimization of compact antenna arrays.
Pathways of antigen processing and presentation. (1999)

CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes recognise peptides stably bound to class I or class II MHC molecules, respectively. These complexes are assembled intracellularly during the biosynthesis and trafficking of MHC molecules. It is now clear that a number of different molecules and macromolecular complexes are drafted in to assist this process. Some of these are chaperones which appear to be dedicated to assisting MHC molecules capture peptides, whilst others may have additional cellular functions. Peptides form an integral part of the final MHC glycoprotein structure and their availability can regulate the kinetics and level of expression of MHC molecules on the cell surface. In vivo, significant time may elapse between generation of peptide/MHC complexes and their recognition by T cells. This requires that the complexes generated are stable and long-lived on the cell surface. Several mechanisms appear to contribute to the generation and display of long-lived complexes. Some pathogens have evolved mechanisms to evade and interfere with presentation of their own antigens. The strategies used are many and varied and are particularly well exemplified by the interaction of viral gene products with the MHC class I assembly pathway. Here, we provide an overview of what is currently known about the cellular biochemistry of antigen processing and the assembly of class I and class II MHC molecules.
The journey to establish purinergic signalling in the gut (2008)

Although the concept of purinergic signalling arose from experiments designed to find the identity of the non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) inhibitory neurotransmitter in the gut, it has taken many years for the more general importance of the various roles of ATP as a physiological messenger in the gut to be recognized. Firstly, vasoactive intestitial polypeptide (VIP) and later nitric oxide (NO) were considered the NANC transmitter and it was only later, after the concept of cotransmission was established, that ATP, NO and VIP were recognized as cotransmitters in NANC nerves, although the proportions vary in different gut regions. Recently, many purinoceptor subtypes have been identified on myenteric, submucosal motor, sensory and interneurons involved in synaptic neurotransmission and neuromodulation and reflex activity of several kinds, including ascending excitatory and descending inhibitory reflex pathways. Nucleotide receptors have been shown to be expressed on enteric glial cells and interstitial cells of Cajal. Purinergic mechanosensory transduction, involving release of ATP from mucosal epithelial cells during distension to stimulate subepithelial nerve endings of intrinsic and extrinsic sensory nerves to modulate peristalsis and initiate nociception respectively, is attracting current attention. Exciting new areas of interest about purinergic signalling in the gut include: involvement of purines in development, ageing and regeneration, including the role of stem cells; studies of the involvement of nucleotides in the activity of the gut of invertebrates and lower vertebrates; and the pathophysiology of enteric purinergic signalling in diseases including irritable bowel syndrome, postoperative ileus, oesophageal reflux, constipation, diarrhoea, diabetes, Chaga's and Hirschprung's disease.
INFLUENZAVIRUS INFECTIONS IN SEATTLE FAMILIES, 1975–1979 (1982)

Journal Article INFLUENZAVIRUS INFECTIONS IN SEATTLE FAMILIES, 1975–1979: II. PATTERN OF INFECTION IN INVADED HOUSEHOLDS AND RELATION OF AGE AND PRIOR ANTIBODY TO OCCURRENCE OF INFECTION AND RELATED ILLNESS Get access JOHN P. FOX, JOHN P. FOX 1Dept. of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, U. of WashingtonSeattle, WA 98195 (reprint requests to Dr. Fox at this address) reprint requests to Dr. Fox at this address Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MARION K. COONEY, MARION K. COONEY 2Dept. of Pathobiology, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, U. of WashingtonSeattle, WA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar CARRIE E. HALL, CARRIE E. HALL 1Dept. of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, U. of WashingtonSeattle, WA 98195 (reprint requests to Dr. Fox at this address) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar HJORDIS M. FOY HJORDIS M. FOY 1Dept. of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, U. of WashingtonSeattle, WA 98195 (reprint requests to Dr. Fox at this address) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 116, Issue 2, August 1982, Pages 228–242, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113408 Published: 01 August 1982 Article history Received: 16 November 1981 Revision received: 01 March 1982 Published: 01 August 1982
Influence of Progressive Renal Dysfunction in Chronic Heart Failure (2002)

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is often associated with impaired renal function due to hypoperfusion. Such patients are very sensitive to changes in renal perfusion pressure, and may develop acute tubular necrosis if the pressure falls too far. The situation is complicated by the use of diuretics, ACE inhibitors and spironolactone, all of which may affect renal function and potassium balance. Chronic renal failure (CRF) may also be associated with fluid overload. Anaemia and hypertension in CRF contribute to the development of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), which carries a poor prognosis, so correction of these factors is important.
Construction of glycosidic N-O linkages in oligosaccharides (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConstruction of glycosidic N-O linkages in oligosaccharidesDan Yang, Soong Hoon Kim, and Daniel KahneCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 12, 4715–4716Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00012a069https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00012a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views802Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cloning and nucleotide sequencing of a novel 7 beta-(4-carboxybutanamido)cephalosporanic acid acylase gene of Bacillus laterosporus and its expression in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis (1991)

A strain of Bacillus species which produced an enzyme named glutaryl 7-ACA acylase which converts 7 beta-(4-carboxybutanamido)cephalosporanic acid (glutaryl 7-ACA) to 7-amino cephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) was isolated from soil. The gene for the glutaryl 7-ACA acylase was cloned with pHSG298 in Escherichia coli JM109, and the nucleotide sequence was determined by the M13 dideoxy chain termination method. The DNA sequence revealed only one large open reading frame composed of 1,902 bp corresponding to 634 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence contained a potential signal sequence in its amino-terminal region. Expression of the gene for glutaryl 7-ACA acylase was performed in both E. coli and Bacillus subtilis. The enzyme preparations purified from either recombinant strain of E. coli or B. subtilis were shown to be identical with each other as regards the profile of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and were composed of a single peptide with the molecular size of 70 kDa. Determination of the amino-terminal sequence of the two enzyme preparations revealed that both amino-terminal sequences (the first nine amino acids) were identical and completely coincided with residues 28 to 36 of the open reading frame. Extracellular excretion of the enzyme was observed in a recombinant strain of B. subtilis.
Donald Trump and Institutional Change Strategies (2018)

This article integrates three fields of study: the “regime politics” paradigm in law and courts, the “institutional change” approach in public policy, and the “unilateral presidency” literature. In doing so, we show how law, politics, and public policy are inextricably linked, and that researchers can borrow assumptions, methods, and theories from a variety of fields. We use Donald Trump’s early presidency to show how political actors (especially presidents) can use four different change strategies. In the case of Trump, we highlight: shifting of decision-making authority via insurrectionary displacement; the elimination of the individual mandate via subversive layering; a change in drone use policy via opportunistic conversion; and a gradual desensitization and change in school choice education policy via symbiotic drift. We conclude by offering lessons for all three literatures we incorporate, as well as a way forward for studying a presidential administration that many find difficult to analyze.