gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reactions of Antibodies with Surface Antigens of Influenza Virus (1968)

SUMMARY Measurements of the neuraminidase content of two recombinant influenza viruses [X-7 and X-7 (F1)] possessing A0 (nws) haemagglutinin and A2 (r1/5+) neuraminidase showed that particles of X-7 (F1) virus had more than twice as much A2 neuraminidase as those of X-7 virus. Antibody to A0 haemagglutinin reacted to high titre in antihaemagglutinin, neutralization and complement-fixation tests with both viruses. Antibody to A2 neuraminidase (at the same concentration) did not inhibit haemagglutination by either virus and did not prevent X-7 virus from infecting cells. It did, however, reduce the size of X-7 virus plaques. Antineuraminidase neutralized, but only to a low titre, the infectivity of X-7 (F1) virus for cells of the chick allantonic membrane and completely inhibited plaque formation by this virus in tissue cultures. Antineuraminidase and antihaemagglutinin antibodies reacted with both viruses in complement-fixation tests to similar titres. The biological ineffectiveness of antineuraminidase antibodies on the haemagglutinin activity or on the infectivity of these viruses was not due to lack of combination of antibody with the virus. The average avidity of the antineuraminidase antibody was high and not different from the antihaemagglutinin antibody (K≃2 × 1011 c.g.s. units). X-7 virus has approximately one quarter and X-7 (F1) virus one half of the number of enzyme antigenic sites as haemagglutinin sites.
Physiological Levels of Reactive Oxygen Species Are Required to Maintain Genomic Stability in Stem Cells (2010)

Stem cell cytogenetic abnormalities constitute a roadblock to regenerative therapies. We investigated the possibility that reactive oxygen species (ROSs) influence genomic stability in cardiac and embryonic stem cells. Karyotypic abnormalities in primary human cardiac stem cells were suppressed by culture in physiological (5%) oxygen, but addition of antioxidants to the medium unexpectedly increased aneuploidy. Intracellular ROS levels were moderately decreased in physiological oxygen, but dramatically decreased by the addition of high-dose antioxidants. Quantification of DNA damage in cardiac stem cells and in human embryonic stem cells revealed a biphasic dose-dependence: antioxidants suppressed DNA damage at low concentrations, but potentiated such damage at higher concentrations. High-dose antioxidants decreased cellular levels of ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) and other DNA repair enzymes, providing a potential mechanistic basis for the observed effects. These results indicate that physiological levels of intracellular ROS are required to activate the DNA repair pathway for maintaining genomic stability in stem cells. The concept of an "oxidative optimum" for genomic stability has broad implications for stem cell biology and carcinogenesis.
Brain infarction and the clinical expression of Alzheimer disease. The Nun Study. (1997)

These findings suggest that cerebrovascular disease may play an important role in determining the presence and severity of the clinical symptoms of AD.
An experimental study of rivulet instabilities in centrifugal spin coating of viscous Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids (1994)

An experimental study on the onset and evolution of centrifugally driven rivulets is presented, which aims to investigate the influence on the instability of various experimental conditions (drop volume and rotational frequency), the wetting properties of the liquid (surface tension and contact angle), and fluid viscoelasticity. The apparatus allows continuous observation of the drop shapes following an impulsive spin-up of the substrate, and these are analyzed by digital image analysis. The flows exhibit an onset time, or, equivalently, a critical radius, before which the drop spreads axisymmetrically. Data on drop spreading are compared with simple predictions of lubrication theory. The measured azimuthal wave number and growth rate of the instability are in good agreement with the linear stability analysis of Troian et al. [Europhys. Lett. 10, 25 (1989)], as long as the critical radius is taken from the experiment itself. The most unstable wavelength is found to be independent of both drop size and rotation speed in the range of parameters investigated, as observed previously by Melo et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 1958 (1989)]. On the other hand, a change in the wetting properties of the liquid significantly modifies the critical radius, which, in turn, affects the number of fingers, with the nonwetting fluid exhibiting a smaller critical radius. This trend is in agreement with the mechanism of instability that is linked to the presence of a capillary ridge near the edge of the drop. No qualitative nor quantitative difference in behavior has been observed between a Boger fluid having a relaxation time of about 1 s, and its Newtonian solvent, in the experimental conditions considered.
Electromagnetic-Driving Fan for Aircraft-Propulsion Application (2006)

Recently electric and Fuel Cell ground transportation systems have been gaining importance in terms of improvement in environmental compatibility and of an increase in propulsion efficiency. There are several efforts to introduce battery and fuel cell to aviation, but the present propeller driven method has difficulty in weight and limited speed. In this paper, a newly proposed outer shell electromagnetic-driven fan is explained as an application to aero-engine use, and then for verification, the test result of fan motion mechanism and a realistic-size fan circuit analysis are presented.
Catalytic Decomposition of Analgin Pharmaceutical Wastewater in Supercritical Water (2015)

Abstract In this paper, hydrogen production by catalytic treatment of analgin pharmaceutical wastewater was systematically investigated in supercritical water (SCW) with a continuous reactor for the first time. The effect of sodium salts on the decomposition of analgin pharmaceutical wastewater in supercritical water was investigated in a continuous reactor. The results showed that NaHCO
The Zinc-Finger Protein Zat12 Plays a Central Role in Reactive Oxygen and Abiotic Stress Signaling in Arabidopsis (2005)

Plant acclimation to environmental stress is controlled by a complex network of regulatory genes that compose distinct stress-response regulons. In contrast to many signaling and regulatory genes that are stress specific, the zinc-finger protein Zat12 responds to a large number of biotic and abiotic stresses. Zat12 is thought to be involved in cold and oxidative stress signaling in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana); however, its mode of action and regulation are largely unknown. Using a fusion between the Zat12 promoter and the reporter gene luciferase, we demonstrate that Zat12 expression is activated at the transcriptional level during different abiotic stresses and in response to a wound-induced systemic signal. Using Zat12 gain- and loss-of-function lines, we assign a function for Zat12 during oxidative, osmotic, salinity, high light, and heat stresses. Transcriptional profiling of Zat12-overexpressing plants and wild-type plants subjected to H(2)O(2) stress revealed that constitutive expression of Zat12 in Arabidopsis results in the enhanced expression of oxidative- and light stress-response transcripts. Under specific growth conditions, Zat12 may therefore regulate a collection of transcripts involved in the response of Arabidopsis to high light and oxidative stress. Our results suggest that Zat12 plays a central role in reactive oxygen and abiotic stress signaling in Arabidopsis.
Janus particles (2008)

Janus particles, named after the double-faced Roman god, are compartmentalized colloids with two sides of different chemistry or polarity. This makes them a unique class of materials among micron- or nanosized particles. Due to this special non-centrosymmetric feature in the particle architecture, the synthesis of Janus particles remained challenging for a long time. However, major progress concerning their preparation in useful amounts has been achieved in recent years. The interest in these particles arises from their fascinating hierarchical superstructures in solution and from the fact that demanding problems in materials science, biomedicine and in the field of highly specific sensors can be tackled with this class of particles with advanced properties. This article highlights preparation pathways, self-assembly processes and various pursued applications.
Pain and Suffering Following Spinal Cord Injury (1975)

From the instant of spinal cord injury, with its loss of function, the individual experiences many deep, serious emotional reactions. The depth and extent of the injured person's feelings and thoughts are very difficult to appreciate. The reality of being paralyzed is difficult enough to accept, but the reality of not recovering is perhaps the greatest single concept to accept. The resulting grievance over the loss of function is a paramount problem to overcome. The devastation has altered the perception of the injured person so much that time is necessary and a period of mourning is gone through. A usual pattern of emotions seen are those of depression, aggression, passivity, dependence, and certainly denial. By coping with his problems through rehabilitation and vocational training, accepting himself as a person of worth, a new start in life is then made. Complicating the already paralyzed and devastated individual is the occurrence of pain. Essentially, pain arises at three different sites and of course can be in combinations: namely, at the site of trauma, pain referred from damaged roots, and thirdly, pain experienced below the level of injury.
Transient Transgenic Expression of Gamma Interferon PromotesLegionella pneumophilaClearance in Immunocompetent Hosts (2001)

Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and T1-phenotype immune responses are important components of host defense against a variety of intracellular pathogens, including Legionella pneumophila. The benefit of intrapulmonary adenovirus-mediated IFN-gamma gene therapy was investigated in a nonlethal murine model of experimental L. pneumophila pneumonia. Intratracheal (i.t.) administration of 10(6) CFU of L. pneumophila induced the expression of T1 phenotype cytokines, such as IFN-gamma and interleukin-12 (IL-12). Natural killer cells were identified as the major cellular source of IFN-gamma. To determine if enhanced expression of IFN-gamma in the lung could promote pulmonary clearance of L. pneumophila, we i.t. administered 5 x 10(8) PFU of a recombinant adenovirus vector containing the murine IFN-gamma cDNA (AdmIFN-gamma) concomitant with L. pneumophila. We observed a 10-fold decrease in lung bacterial CFU at day 2 in the AdmIFN-gamma-treated group compared to controls (P < 0.01). Alveolar macrophages isolated from AdmIFN-gamma-treated animals displayed enhanced killing of intracellular L. pneumophila organisms ex vivo. Similar improvements in bacterial clearance were observed with i.t. recombinant IFN-gamma treatment. The transient transgenic expression of IL-12, a known inducer of IFN-gamma and promoter of T1-type immune responses, resulted in more modest improvement in bacterial clearance (sixfold reduction; P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that, even in immunocompetent hosts, exogenous administration or transient transgenic expression of IFN-gamma, and to a lesser extent IL-12, may be of potential therapeutic benefit in the treatment of patients with Legionella pneumonia.
Heat transfer mapping in 3–5 μm planar light emitting structures (2003)

We report on the heat distribution inside a p+-InAsSb(Zn)/n-InAsSbP/n-InAs planar structure, emitting at 4.3 μm at 300 K. The experimental setup consists of both an infrared scanning microscope and a fiber tip as remote heat sensors (spatial resolution of some μm) operating in a time-resolved (10 μs temporal resolution) manner in the 3–5 μm spectral range. By comparing light and heat maps, we show that current crowding generates local hot regions (somewhat like heat traps) and remarkable temperature gradients (up to 3000 °C/cm) inside the emitting structure.
Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Interleukin-1β, and Interleukin-6 on Type I Iodothyronine 5′-Deiodination in Rat Thyroid Cell Line, FRTL-5 (1995)

Using a functioning rat thyroid cell line (FRTL-5), we studied the effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) on thyroidal type I iodothyronine 5'-deiodination (I-5'-deiodination) and on the expression of I-5'-deiodinase (I-5'-D) mRNA. After 24 h incubation in medium containing 0.5 microM rT3 with a tracer amount of [125I]rT3, radioactivity of released 125I- was counted. Deiodination in live FRTL-5 cells was enhanced about three times from the basal level by the addition of TSH and was inhibited markedly by propylthiouracil and dose dependently by T4. These results suggest the suitability of this model for investigating I-5'-deiodination in live thyroid tissue. Basal and TSH-induced I-5'-deiodination were significantly inhibited by 100 ng/liter of IL-1 beta and IL-6, and the inhibitory effect of TNF-alpha was seen over 1 microgram/liter. I-5'-deiodination was restored by removal of the cytokines. TSH-induced cAMP production and (Bu)2cAMP-induced I-5'-deiodination were also inhibited by the cytokines. Catalase, dexamethasone, and indomethacin did not abolish the inhibitory effects of the cytokines. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed a marked suppression of I-5'-D mRNA expression by IL-1 beta and IL-6. We conclude that these cytokines inhibit the thyroidal type I I-5'-deiodination in the order of potency IL-1 beta > IL-6 >> TNF-alpha, probably by decreasing the I-5'-D mRNA level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Antiseptic-impregnated central venous catheters reduce the incidence of bacterial colonization and associated infection in immunocompromised transplant patients (1997)

The incidence of bacterial colonization of central venous catheters using a standard polyurethane catheter was compared with that using an antiseptic (silver sulphadiazine and chlorhexidine) impregnated catheter in a group of patients with thoracic organ transplantation. Colonization was reduced from 25 of 35 standard catheters to 10 of 44 study catheters (P<0.002), a 68% reduction. Similarly, the incidence of concomitant infection, by the same organism at another site was reduced from 10 of 35 standard catheters to 4 of 44 study catheters (P<0.03), a 63% reduction.
Visualization of Web Usage Patterns (2006)

We present a novel approach to visualize Web usage patterns by closely coupling the visual rendering process to the data mining technique. In the first step we use relational fuzzy subtractive clustering as the mining technique to perform fuzzy clustering on Web usage sessions. In the second step, we use conventional metric multidimensional scaling to obtain an initial positional configuration in 3D space for the cluster centers, and then apply a modified Sammon mapping technique to further optimize the 3D positions. In the last step, we use the dominant membership values to assign positions to all the other sessions in the given dataset. This is computationally very efficient and at the same time retains the fidelity of the interrelationships much better. We have developed a running prototype of the proposed approach and have demonstrated the utility through experiments using several datasets, including a fairly large Web usage dataset of about 100,000 log records
Cardiotonic agents. 9. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of (E)-4,5-dihydro-6-[2-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl]ethenyl]-3(2H)-pyridazinones: a novel class of compounds with positive inotropic, antithrombotic, and vasodilatory activities for the treatment of congestive heart failure (1989)

A novel series of analogues of (E)-4,5-dihydro-6-[2-[4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl) phenyl]ethenyl]-3(2H)-pyridazinone was synthesized as a variation on the imazodan series. The compounds were evaluated for (i) hemodynamic activity, (ii) cyclic AMP-phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity (human platelets and guinea pig heart tissue), and (iii) platelet aggregation inhibitory activity. The insertion of the ethenyl moiety between the phenyl and dihydropyridazinone rings produced novel compounds that retained the potent inotropic/vasodilator activity of the parent imazodan series and enhanced the platelet aggregation inhibitory potency. Compound 3d, the most potent in this series, demonstrated in vivo antithrombotic activity. The synthesis and the biological activity of these new pyridazinone analogues are reported.
Sequence Transduction with Recurrent Neural Networks (2012)

Many machine learning tasks can be expressed as the transformation---or \emph{transduction}---of input sequences into output sequences: speech recognition, machine translation, protein secondary structure prediction and text-to-speech to name but a few. One of the key challenges in sequence transduction is learning to represent both the input and output sequences in a way that is invariant to sequential distortions such as shrinking, stretching and translating. Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are a powerful sequence learning architecture that has proven capable of learning such representations. However RNNs traditionally require a pre-defined alignment between the input and output sequences to perform transduction. This is a severe limitation since \emph{finding} the alignment is the most difficult aspect of many sequence transduction problems. Indeed, even determining the length of the output sequence is often challenging. This paper introduces an end-to-end, probabilistic sequence transduction system, based entirely on RNNs, that is in principle able to transform any input sequence into any finite, discrete output sequence. Experimental results for phoneme recognition are provided on the TIMIT speech corpus.
Amplification of padlock probes for DNA diagnostics by cascade rolling circle amplification or the polymerase chain reaction. (1999)

These results indicate that padlock probes can be amplified to the high levels required for solution-based DNA diagnostics.
Effectiveness of RNA interference in transgenic plants (2004)

RNA interference (RNAi) can be used to study gene function by effecting degradation of the targeted transcript. However, the effectiveness of transgene-induced RNAi among multiple target genes has not been compared systematically. To this end, we developed a relative quantitative RT-PCR protocol that allows use of a single internal standard over a wide range of target gene expression levels. Using this method in an analysis of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana RNAi lines targeting 25 different endogenes revealed that independent, homozygous, single-copy (sc) T4 lines targeting the same gene generally reduce transcript levels to the same extent, whereas multi-copy RNAi lines differed in the degree of target reduction and never exceeded the effect of sc transgenes. The maximal reduction of target transcript levels varied among targets. These observations suggest that each target sequence possesses an inherent degree of susceptibility to dsRNA-mediated degradation.
Lazy Diagnosis of In-Production Concurrency Bugs (2017)

Diagnosing concurrency bugs---the process of understanding the root causes of concurrency failures---is hard. Developers depend on reproducing concurrency bugs to diagnose them. Traditionally, systems that attempt to reproduce concurrency bugs record fine-grained thread schedules of events (e.g., shared memory accesses) that lead to failures. Recording schedules incurs high runtime performance overhead and scales poorly, making existing techniques unsuitable in production.
Altered Muscarinic and Nicotinic Receptor Densities in Cortical and Subcortical Brain Regions in Parkinson's Disease (1993)

Muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors and choline acetyltransferase activity were studied in postmortem brain tissue from patients with histopathologically confirmed Parkinson's disease and matched control subjects. Using washed membrane homogenates from the frontal cortex, hippocampus, caudate nucleus, and putamen, saturation analysis of specific receptor binding was performed for the total number of muscarinic receptors with [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate, for muscarinic M1 receptors with [3H]pirenzepine, for muscarinic M2 receptors with [3H]oxotremorine-M, and for nicotinic receptors with (-)-[3H]nicotine. In comparison with control tissues, choline acetyl-transferase activity was reduced in the frontal cortex and hippocampus and unchanged in the caudate nucleus and putamen of parkinsonian patients. In Parkinson's disease the maximal binding site density for [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate was increased in the frontal cortex and unaltered in the hippocampus, caudate nucleus, and putamen. Specific [3H]pirenzepine binding was increased in the frontal cortex, unaltered in the hippocampus, and decreased in the caudate nucleus and putamen. In parkinsonian patients Bmax values for specific [3H]oxotremorine-M binding were reduced in the cortex and unchanged in the hippocampus and striatum compared with controls. Maximal (-)-[3H]nicotine binding was reduced in both the cortex and hippocampus and unaltered in both the caudate nucleus and putamen. Alterations of the equilibrium dissociation constant were not observed for any ligand in any of the brain areas examined. The present results suggest that both the innominatocortical and the septohippocampal cholinergic systems degenerate in Parkinson's disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Deoxygenation of Nitro Groups by Trivalent Phosphorus. Indoles from o-Nitrostyrenes (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDeoxygenation of Nitro Groups by Trivalent Phosphorus. Indoles from o-NitrostyrenesR. J. SundbergCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 11, 3604–3610Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01022a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01022a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1469Altmetric-Citations176LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
19—HEAT-SETTING OF DRAWN POLYMERIC FIBRES: ANOMALOUS TWIST RECOVERY (1985)

Abstract An investigation is reported in which anomalous negative recovery, or ‘overtwist’, occurred when drawn fibres of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and nylon 6.6 were heat-set in torsion above a certain temperature T s*. For the samples of PET and nylon 6.6 studied, and the chosen setting conditions. T s* was found to be 151 ± 2°C and 133 ± 2°C, respectively. Overtwist was found to decrease with increasing axial tension or after a prior heat-setting treatment without twist. The existence of overtwist and its dependence on twist level and axial tension are explained in terms of the theory of thermoelasticity of a twisted filament. Theory predicts that overtwist will always occur when drawn polymeric filaments are heat-set in torsion at a sufficiently high temperature and setting time.