gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serum Ferritin as a Component of the Insulin Resistance Syndrome (1998)

OBJECTIVE In epidemiological studies, serum ferritin was the second-strongest determinant of blood glucose (after BMI) in regression models and the third-strongest determinant of serum insulin (after BMI and age). Its concentration also correlated positively with plasma triglycerides and apolipoprotein B concentrations, and negatively with HDL2 cholesterol. We hypothesized that serum ferritin could be a marker of insulin resistance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Oral glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity (SI, minimal model method) were prospectively evaluated in 36 healthy subjects. The relationship between serum ferritin and metabolic control (as measured by HbA1c levels) was also studied in 76 consecutive NIDDM patients. RESULTS In healthy subjects, log-transformed serum ferritin (LOGFER) correlated with basal serum glucose (r = 0.44, P = 0.007), but not with BMI, age, systolic or diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, total triglycerides, VLDL triglycerides, serum insulin, or HbA1c (all P = NS). Identical results were obtained when the two lowest quartiles of serum ferritin were evaluated separately. However, in the two highest quartiles, LOGFER correlated with BMI (0.50, P = 0.02), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.8, P &amp;lt; 0.0001), serum LDL cholesterol (r = 0.57, P = 0.01), VLDL cholesterol (r = 0.48, P = 0.03), total cholesterol and HDL2 and HDL3 subtractions of HDL cholesterol (r = −0.68, −0.76, −0.55, P = 0.001. &amp;lt; 0.0001, and 0.01, respectively), total triglycerides (r = 0.60, P = 0.006), HDL2/HDL3 quotient (P = −0.71, P = 0.001), VLDL triglycerides (r = 0.65, P = 0.004), and serum uric acid (r = 0.51, P = 0.03), but not with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.38, P = 0.15). After adjusting for BMI, only the correlations between LOGFER and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.7, P = 0.002) and HDL2/HDL3 quotient (r = −0.63, P = 0.01) remained significant. Strong correlations between LOGFER and glucose area under the curve during oral glucose tolerance test (Pearson's r = 0.73, P = 0.001) and S1 (r = −0.68, P = 0.001), which remained significant after controlling for BMI, were observed. LOGFER (β = −0.44, P = 0.01) and BMI (β = −0.52, P = 0.004) constituted independent predictors of insulin sensitivity in a multivariate analysis (R2 = 0.68). In 76 consecutive NIDDM outpatients, serum glucose (P &amp;lt; 0.00001) and LOGFER (P = 0.03) independently predicted the value of HbA1c (R2 = 0.40) in a multiple linear regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS The correlations among serum ferritin and diastolic blood pressure, HDL quotient, glucose area under the curve, and S1 suggest that serum ferritin could be a marker of the insulin resistance syndrome. Serum ferritin may also be an independent determinant of poor metabolic control in the diabetic patient.
Bipolar electrosurgery with long electrodes for RF coagulation of atrial tissue (2002)

We performed experiments on porcine atrial tissue fragments with a custom-built bipolar electrosurgical forceps fitted with long electrodes (20 mm) in order to create long and transmural lesions. Results show that impedance monitoring during heating and visual supervision of the lesion zone, are optimum parameters to control lesion evolution and avoid overheating in the tissue. Transmural lesions without charring were created with 15 watts of power during 10-15 seconds on initial impedances between 50-90 ohm.
Overexpression of Essential Splicing Factor ASF/SF2 Blocks the Temporal Shift in Adenovirus Pre-mRNA Splicing and Reduces Virus Progeny Formation (2000)

Expression of cytoplasmic mRNA from most adenovirus transcription units is subjected to a temporal regulation at the level of alternative pre-mRNA splicing. The general tendency is that splice site selection changes from proximal to distal late after infection. Interestingly, ASF/SF2, which is a prototypical member of the SR family of splicing factors, has the opposite effect on splice site selection, inducing an increase in proximal splice site usage. We have previously shown that SR proteins late during an adenovirus infection become partially inactivated as splicing regulatory proteins. A prediction from these results is that overexpression of an SR protein, such as ASF/SF2, during virus growth will interfere with virus replication by disturbing the balance of functional and nonfunctional ASF/SF2 in the infected cell. To test this hypothesis, we reconstructed a recombinant adenovirus expressing ASF/SF2 under the transcriptional control of a regulated promoter. The results show that, as predicted, induction of ASF/SF2 during lytic virus growth prevents the early to late shift in mRNA expression from both early (E1A and E1B) and late (L1) transcription units. Furthermore, ASF/SF2 overexpression blocks viral DNA replication and reduces selectively cytoplasmic accumulation of major late mRNA, resulting in a lower virus yield. Collectively, our results provide additional support for the hypothesis that viral control of SR protein function is important for the proper expression of viral proteins during lytic virus growth.
Preparation and Optical Properties of Colloidal, Monodisperse, and Highly Crystalline ITO Nanoparticles (2008)

Colloidal, monodisperse, highly crystalline ITO nanoparticles with various particle sizes and tin contents were prepared by a one-pot thermal decomposition of tin and indium precursors in oleylamine. The PL emission maxima become blue-shifted as the particle size decreases and the tin content increases.
Fey receptors in phagocytes (1998)

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages have numerous important functions in immunity, particularly the ingestion of antibody-coated microorganisms and cells. This review focuses on recent progress in the understanding of the family of receptors for the Fc end of IgG (Fc gamma R) on these phagocytes. The control of Fc gamma R expression, the cellular output signals from receptor engagement, and the basis of immediate and downstream signals in phagocyte activation are reviewed. Mice are increasingly being used in transgenic and knockout models of Fc gamma R biology. Relevant differences in the Fc gamma R endowments of mice and humans are detailed.
Synthesis and copper(II)-binding properties of the N-terminal peptide of human α-fetoprotein (1989)

The N-terminal native sequence tripeptide of alpha-fetoprotein, L-threonyl-L-leucyl-L-histidine N-methylamide, was synthesized and its interaction with Cu(II) ions was investigated by potentiometric titration at 25 degrees C in 0.15 M-NaCl and by visible-absorption, e.p.r. and n.m.r. spectroscopy. Analyses of the results in the pH range 4-10 indicated the presence of multiple complex species in solution: MHL, MH-2L, MHL2, ML2 and MH-1L2, where M, H and L represent metal ion, proton and ligand anion respectively. Only the species MH-2L and MH-1L2 are present in significant amounts at physiological pH. The results of the visible-absorption spectroscopy are consistent with the findings of species distribution that MH-2L is the major complex species detected above physiological pH that has the spectral characteristics of lambda max. = 523 nm and epsilon max. = 98 M-1.cm-1. The nine superhyperfine lines in e.p.r. spectra of the major species MH-2L strongly support the co-ordination of four nitrogen atoms by Cu(II). Both 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. studies suggest that the species MH-2L is a square-planar complex. The results from the equilibrium-dialysis experiments showed that this peptide is able to compete with albumin for Cu(II) ions. At equimolar concentrations of albumin and the peptide, about 52% of the Cu(II) was bound to the peptide. The possibility that alpha-fetoprotein plays an important role as the Cu(II)-transport protein in fetal life is discussed.
Isolation of cellular promoters by using a retrovirus promoter trap. (1990)

A retrovirus vector has been used to isolate transcriptional promoters from mammalian cells. The virus contains a selectable gene encoding histidinol dehydrogenase (his) in the U3 region of the 3' long terminal repeat (LTR). When the virus is passaged, duplication of LTRs places his sequences just 30 nucleotides from the adjacent cellular DNA. As a result, selection for histidinol resistance generates cell clones in which his is expressed on transcripts initiating in the flanking cellular DNA. Upstream cellular sequences, cloned after amplification by polymerase chain reaction, hybridized to RNA from uninfected cells, indicating that the adjacent promoters were transcriptionally active prior to virus integration. Two cloned transcribed flanking sequences also contained highly active transcriptional promoters, as estimated by their ability to activate expression of a linked reporter gene. Thus, U3His vectors provide a rapid and efficient means to isolate promoters active in different cell types. Moreover, by selecting for cell clones containing proviruses integrated in expressed genes, the virus may make an effective insertional mutagen.
Thin‐Film Fabrication Method for Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Using Electrospray Deposition (2009)

A new method for fabricating micropatterns of MEH-PPV thin films with surface roughnesses below 1nm is proposed, using electrospray deposition and a dual-solvent technique. The basic concept is that nanoparticles are deposited on the target substrate just before they become completely dry, by adding a solvent that has an evaporation speed relatively lower than that of the original solution.
Purification of an active EGF receptor kinase with monoclonal antireceptor antibodies. (1985)

A method is described for a rapid two-step purification of the membrane receptor for epidermal growth factor (EGF) from cultured human A-431 cells. After solubilization of the cells with Triton X-100, the receptor is immobilized on an immunoaffinity column containing a monoclonal antibody directed against the receptor. In the second step of purification, the receptor, eluted from the antibody column, is adsorbed and specifically eluted from a lectin-agarose column. The molecular species obtained is mainly the 170,000-dalton EGF receptor polypeptide. The activity of the pure receptor depends on the conditions used for the desorption from the immunoaffinity beads. High-yield elution is obtained with acidic buffer and the receptor so purified specifically binds EGF, but is devoid of the kinase activity. When the elution is done with alkaline buffers or with buffer containing urea, a fully active receptor kinase is purified (yield of 10%). The pure receptor binds 125I-EGF with a Kd of 4 X 10(-8) M and retains EGF-sensitive protein kinase activity which phosphorylates tyrosine residues on the receptor itself. An additional protocol is described for large-scale purification (yield of 55%) of EGF receptor for the analysis of its primary structure. In this procedure, the EGF receptor is first purified by immunoaffinity chromatography which is followed by preparative gel electrophoresis of the 32P internally labeled receptor to remove minor protein contaminants.
Dark Matter Spikes and Annihilation Radiation from the Galactic Center (2002)

The annihilation rate of weakly interacting cold dark matter particles at the galactic center could be greatly enhanced by the growth of a density spike around the central supermassive black hole (SBH). Here we discuss the effects of hierarchical mergers on the central spike. Mergers between halos containing SBHs lead to the formation of SBH binaries which transfer energy to the dark matter particles, lowering their density. The predicted flux of annihilation photons from the galactic center is several orders of magnitude smaller than in models that ignore the effects of SBHs and mergers. Measurement of the annihilation radiation could in principle be used to constrain the merger history of the galaxy.
Clock-skew constrained placement for row based designs (2002)

In this paper we address the problem of placement of standard cells under the constraints of minimizing the clock-skew. We propose a quadratic programming based methodology for placement that not only results in an area and timing wise good placement but also a supporting zero-skew clock routing tree. Under the clock-skew constraints, our method produces significant reduction in the cost of zero-skew clock routing tree. During placement, we are able to obtain significant speed-up due to variable reduction and constraint modification.
Molecular Characterization of the Vacuolating Autotransporter Toxin in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (2016)

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the major cause of hospital- and community-acquired urinary tract infections. The vacuolating autotransporter toxin (Vat) is a cytotoxin known to contribute to UPEC fitness during murine sepsis infection. In this study, Vat was found to be highly conserved and prevalent among a collection of urosepsis clinical isolates and was expressed at human core body temperature. Regulation of vat was demonstrated to be directly repressed by the global transcriptional regulator H-NS and upregulated by the downstream gene vatX (encoding a new MarR-type transcriptional regulator). Additionally, increased Vat-specific IgG titers were detected in plasma from corresponding urosepsis patients infected with vat-positive isolates. Hence, Vat is a highly conserved and tightly regulated urosepsis-associated virulence factor.
Recombinant antibodies for the diagnosis and therapy of human diseases. (1999)

It is nearly 25 years since the first description of monoclonal antibodies. During that time, monoclonal antibodies and derivatives have become a major group of pharmaceuticals in development. Technical problems have, however, hindered their development and initial optimism led to disappointment at the rate of progress in generating products. Many of the technical problems have now been overcome and in recent years a significant number of licensed products have emerged. Many more are in late-stage development and are expected to gain product approval in the near future to establish antibodies, and in particular, recombinant engineered antibodies as a major therapeutic class. This review highlights recent progress in the development of recombinant antibodies for the diagnosis and therapy of human disease.
Effect of electrostatic charge and size distributions on respirable aerosol deposition in lung model (2004)

Nebulizers, metered dose inhalers (MDIs), and dry powdered inhalers (DPIs) are frequently used to deliver drugs through inhalation drug delivery. These devices generate aerosol in the 0.5-5 /spl mu/m size range that deposits into the various regions of the lung. These inhaled particles may deposit in the various generations of the respiratory system by the complex action of the five deposition mechanisms: interception, impaction, gravitational settling, diffusion, and electrostatic forces. The last deposition mechanism is electrostatic force, which can be significantly important because the deposition of particle fraction in each generation is influenced by the electrostatic charge it carries. Particles of controlled electrostatic charge were generated and deposited in the various stages of the Anderson cascade impactor (ACI) and the effect of particle charge on their deposition in the various stages was studied. It was found that the aerosol with net neutral charge (0 /spl mu/C/g) deposited in the lower stage (fourth stage) of ACI, compared to particles with a net positive or negative charge of 3 /spl mu/C/g that deposited in the upper stage (second stage) of ACI.
Reversion to Virulence of Chicken-Passaged Infectious Bronchitis Vaccine Virus (1986)

Serial passage of two infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) vaccine strains in chickens enhanced their capacity to increase the incidence and severity of Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) airsacculitis. Included in this report were the mild Massachusetts-type Connaught strain and the Arkansas 99 vaccine strain of IBV. The Connaught strain and one of two Ark 99 vaccine strains passaged in chickens increased the incidence of airsacculitis markedly compared with nonpassaged virus. The other Ark 99 vaccine virus already exacerbated MS airsacculitis, before passage in chickens, and its influence did not increase on passage. All IBV strains studied to date have either possessed this trait or reacquired it on passage in the natural host.
Renal Ischemic Tolerance (1974)

One hour of warm ischemia produced no detectable injury in canine kidneys, provided the dog was previously heparinized. Two hours of warm ischemia produced severe renal injury resulting in the death of three dogs out of four. Renal ischemic tolerance could be extended to two hours by means of a simple peraortic renal arterial flush with either cold 0.9% saline or cold hyperosmolar saline. The ischemic interval could, however, be extended to three hours when the kidney was maintained at room temperature (22 C) after a simple cold saline flush. Cold hyperosmolar saline conferred no greater benefit than simple hypothermia.
The Recommended Dietary Allowance for Protein May Not Be Adequate for Older People to Maintain Skeletal Muscle (2001)

The maintenance of whole-body leucine metabolism and whole-body composition is generally consistent with a successful adaptation to the RDA for protein. However, the decrease in mid-thigh muscle area and the association with decreased urinary nitrogen excretion are consistent with a metabolic accommodation. These results suggest that the RDA for protein may not be adequate to completely meet the metabolic and physiological needs of virtually all older people.
Immunobiology of the immature B cell: plasticity in the B‐cell antigen receptor‐induced response fine tunes negative selection (2000)

The immature and transitional immature B-cell stages define an important window in B-cell development, as it is at this point that cells committed to the B-cell lineage first express the clonotypic B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) and cells expressing self-reactive specificities may be identified and eliminated. The intrinsic susceptibility of the immature B cell to negative selection following BCR engagement distinguishes these cells functionally from mature-stage B cells in which BCR cross-linking leads to activation. Our laboratory has been interested in determining the molecular events responsible for the distinct and disparate responses of immature and mature B cells to antigen receptor signaling in order to understand the molecular basis of negative selection of developing B cells. These studies have indicated that developmentally regulated mechanisms, intrinsic to the B cell, regulate the differential responsiveness of the immature and mature stage B cell to antigen. However, the "hard-wired" BCR-induced apoptotic response of the immature B cell can be modified by the microenvironmental context in which the antigen is encountered. This plasticity fine tunes the BCR-induced response of the immature B cell by regulating the mechanism of negative selection and, under defined circumstances, allowing for recruitment into an immune response.
Graphene-based polymer nanocomposites (2010)

Graphene-based materials are single- or few-layer platelets that can be produced in bulk quantities by chemical methods. Herein, we present a survey of the literature on polymer nanocomposites with graphene-based fillers including recent work using graphite nanoplatelet fillers. A variety of routes used to produce graphene-based materials are reviewed, along with methods for dispersing these materials in various polymer matrices. We also review the rheological, electrical, mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties of these composites, and how each of these composite properties is dependent upon the intrinsic properties of graphene-based materials and their state of dispersion in the matrix. An overview of potential applications for these composites and current challenges in the field are provided for perspective and to potentially guide future progress on the development of these promising materials.
Tolerance of pickling cucumber cultivars to downy mildew infection Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. et Curt.) Rostow and its effect on yield (1996)

U cilju utvrđivanja osjetljivosti krastavaca na gljivu Pseudoperonospora cubensis u uvjetima prirodne zaraze, tijekom dvogodisnjeg razdoblja (1994 i 1995) istraživano je 16 kultivara krastavaca za preradu. Usjevi su uzgajani iz presadnica s grudom supstrata na malcu crne PE folije, bez žastite od bolesti i stetnika te navodnjavanja, a brani su tri puta tjedno. Niti jedan kultivar nije ispoljio potpunu otpornost na patogena, ali su se cv. Bounty, Conquest, Octopus, Poseidon, Potomac i Quest pokazali kao manje osjetljivi. U odnosu na postignuti tržni i ukupni prinos plodova, zabilježene su znacajne razlike između godina istraživanja i kultivara. Kao najprinosniji mogu se izdvojiti cv. Natasia, Potomac, Anuschka i Poseidon.
Adjustable nanofabricated atomic size contacts (1996)

Metallic point contacts and tunnel junctions with a small and adjustable number of conduction channels have been obtained in the last few years using scanning tunneling microscope and break junction techniques. For conventional break junctions, the reported drift of the interelectrode spacing in the tunnel regime is typically of the order of 0.5 pm/min (1 pm=10−12 m). We have nanofabricated break junctions which display a drift smaller than 0.2 pm/h. The improvement results from the scaling down by two orders of magnitude of the device dimensions. We describe the nanofabrication process, which can be adapted to most metals. We have performed measurements on Al, Cu, and Nb devices. The results illustrate the ability of the technique to explore phenomenalike conductance quantization and two level fluctuations. These new adjustable atomic size contacts and tunnel junctions can be integrated in complex circuits.
Quantitative Screening of Yeast Surface‐Displayed Polypeptide Libraries by Magnetic Bead Capture (2002)

Magnetic bead capture is demonstrated here to be a feasible alternative for quantitative screening of favorable mutants from a cell-displayed polypeptide library. Flow cytometric sorting with fluorescent probes has been employed previously for high throughput screening for either novel binders or improved mutants. However, many laboratories do not have ready access to this technology as a result of the limited availability and high cost of cytometers, restricting the use of cell-displayed libraries. Using streptavidin-coated magnetic beads and biotinylated ligands, an alternative approach to cell-based library screening for improved mutants was developed. Magnetic bead capture probability of labeled cells is shown to be closely correlated with the surface ligand density. A single-pass enrichment ratio of 9400 +/- 1800-fold, at the expense of 85 +/- 6% binder losses, is achieved from screening a library that contains one antibody-displaying cell (binder) in 1.1 x 10(5) nondisplaying cells. Additionally, kinetic screening for an initial high affinity to low affinity (7.7-fold lower) mutant ratio of 1:95,000, the magnetic bead capture method attains a single-pass enrichment ratio of 600 +/- 200-fold with a 75 +/- 24% probability of loss for the higher affinity mutant. The observed high loss probabilities can be straightforwardly compensated for by library oversampling, given the inherently parallel nature of the screen. Overall, these results demonstrate that magnetic beads are capable of quantitatively screening for novel binders and improved mutants. The described methods are directly analogous to procedures in common use for phage display and should lower the barriers to entry for use of cell surface display libraries.