gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrodeposition of Al-Mo Alloys from the Lewis Acidic Aluminum Chloride-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride Molten Salt (2004)

The electrodeposition of aluminum-molybdenum alloys was examined at copper rotating disk and wire substrates in the Lewis acidic 66.7-33.3 mol % aluminum chloride-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride molten salt containing Mo(II) in the form of dissolved The molybdenum content of the electrodeposits depended on the electrode rotation rate, Mo(II) concentration, and bath temperature. It was possible to produce nonequilibrium alloys containing up to 11 atom % Mo. These alloy deposits were compact and chloride-free. Al-Mo alloys containing more than 8 atom % Mo exhibited a chloride corrosion pitting potential of approximately +800 mV against pure aluminum. The corrosion resistance of this alloy is superior to that of all the aluminum-transition metal alloys that have been electrodeposited to date from chloroaluminate molten salts. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Magnetite biomineralization in the human brain. (1992)

Although the mineral magnetite (Fe3O4) is precipitated biochemically by bacteria, protists, and a variety of animals, it has not been documented previously in human tissue. Using an ultrasensitive superconducting magnetometer in a clean-lab environment, we have detected the presence of ferromagnetic material in a variety of tissues from the human brain. Magnetic particle extracts from solubilized brain tissues examined with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction, and elemental analyses identify minerals in the magnetite-maghemite family, with many of the crystal morphologies and structures resembling strongly those precipitated by magnetotactic bacteria and fish. These magnetic and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy measurements imply the presence of a minimum of 5 million single-domain crystals per gram for most tissues in the brain and greater than 100 million crystals per gram for pia and dura. Magnetic property data indicate the crystals are in clumps of between 50 and 100 particles. Biogenic magnetite in the human brain may account for high-field saturation effects observed in the T1 and T2 values of magnetic resonance imaging and, perhaps, for a variety of biological effects of low-frequency magnetic fields.
DeepCoder: A deep neural network based video compression (2017)

Inspired by recent advances in deep learning, we present the DeepCoder - a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based video compression framework. We apply separate CNN nets for predictive and residual signals respectively. Scalar quantization and Huffman coding are employed to encode the quantized feature maps (fMaps) into binary stream. We use the fixed 32 × 32 block in this work to demonstrate our ideas, and performance comparison is conducted with the well-known H.264/AVC video coding standard with comparable rate-distortion performance. Here distortion is measured using Structural Similarity (SSIM) because it is more close to perceptual response.
Single strand DNA Cleavage Reaction of Duplex DNA by Drosophila topoisomerase II (1989)

A unique reaction for type II DNA topoisomerase is its cleavage of a pair of DNA strands in concert. We show however, that in a reaction mixture containing a molar excess of EDTA over Mg2+, or when Mg2+ is substituted by Ca2+, Mn2+, or Co2+, the enzyme cleaves only one rather than both strands. These results suggest that the divalent cations may play an important role in coordinating the two subunits of DNA topoisomerase II during the strand cleavage reaction. The single strand and the double strand cleavage reactions are similar in the following aspects: both require the addition of a protein denaturant, can be reversed by low temperature or high salt, and a topoisomerase II molecule is attached covalently to the 5' phosphoryl end of each broken DNA strand. Furthermore, the single strand cleavage sites share a similar sequence preference with double strand cleavage sites. There is, however, a strand bias for the single strand cleavage reaction. We show also that under single strand cleavage conditions, topoisomerase II still possesses a low level of double strand passage activity: it can introduce topological knots into both covalently closed or nicked DNA rings, and change the linking number of a plasmid DNA by steps of two. The implication of this observation on the sequential cleavage of the two strands of the DNA duplex during the normal DNA double strand passage process catalyzed by type II DNA topoisomerases is discussed.
Palladium-Catalyzed Arylation of Azole Compounds with Aryl Halides in the Presence of Alkali Metal Carbonates and the Use of Copper Iodide in the Reaction (1998)

Abstract The reactions of iodobenzene with azole compounds, 1,2-disubstituted imidazoles and 2-substituted oxazoles and thiazoles, were examined in the presence of catalytic amounts of Pd(OAc)2 and PPh3 in DMF using alkali metal carbonates as bases. It was found that the coupling products, 5-arylazoles, could be selectively produced in good yields by using Cs2CO3. In the case that their 2-position is unsubstituted, the site could also be arylated. In reactions using bromobenzene in place of iodobenzene, K2CO3 was also as effective as Cs2CO3. The addition of a stoichiometric amount of CuI appeared to specifically promote the reactions of thiazoles as well as those of thiophene derivatives. The reactions of 2-unsubstituted azole compounds with aryl iodides could be mediated by CuI to some extent without using the palladium species to give 2-arylazoles.
Space Image Processing with Cdrom (1998)

From the Publisher:
Space Image Processing covers the design and coding of PC software for processing and manipulating imagery obtained by satellites and other spacecraft. Although the contents relate to several scientific and technological fields, it serves as a programming book, providing readers with essential technical information for developing PC applications. The material focuses on images of the planet and other celestial bodies obtained by orbiting and non-orbiting spacecraft. Space Image Processing includes a CD-ROM holding all the source code and programs discussed in the text. The CD contains a version of the TM-Lab program, a public domain Thematic Mapper scene of the Grand Canyon area, space image viewers, and sample images.
FimH Antagonists: Bioisosteres To Improve the in Vitro and in Vivo PK/PD Profile (2015)

Urinary tract infections (UTIs), predominantly caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), belong to the most prevalent infectious diseases worldwide. The attachment of UPEC to host cells is mediated by FimH, a mannose-binding adhesin at the tip of bacterial type 1 pili. To date, UTIs are mainly treated with antibiotics, leading to the ubiquitous problem of increasing resistance against most of the currently available antimicrobials. Therefore, new treatment strategies are urgently needed. Here, we describe the development of an orally available FimH antagonist. Starting from the carboxylate substituted biphenyl α-d-mannoside 9, affinity and the relevant pharmacokinetic parameters (solubility, permeability, renal excretion) were substantially improved by a bioisosteric approach. With 3'-chloro-4'-(α-d-mannopyranosyloxy)biphenyl-4-carbonitrile (10j) a FimH antagonist with an optimal in vitro PK/PD profile was identified. Orally applied, 10j was effective in a mouse model of UTI by reducing the bacterial load in the bladder by about 1000-fold.
Phosphorylation by c-Jun NH2-terminal Kinase 1 Regulates the Stability of Transcription Factor Sp1 during Mitosis (2008)

The transcription factor Sp1 is ubiquitously expressed in different cells and thereby regulates the expression of genes involved in many cellular processes. This study reveals that Sp1 was phosphorylated during the mitotic stage in three epithelial tumor cell lines and one glioma cell line. By using different kinase inhibitors, we found that during mitosis in HeLa cells, the c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) 1 was activated that was then required for the phosphorylation of Sp1. In addition, blockade of the Sp1 phosphorylation via inhibition JNK1 activity in mitosis resulted in the ubiquitination and degradation of Sp1. JNK1 phosphorylated Sp1 at Thr278/739. The Sp1 mutated at Thr278/739 was unstable during mitosis, possessing less transcriptional activity for the 12(S)-lipoxygenase expression and exhibiting a decreased cell growth rate compared with wild-type Sp1 in HeLa cells. In N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary tumors, JNK1 activation provided a potential relevance with the accumulation of Sp1. Together, our results indicate that JNK1 activation is necessary to phosphorylate Sp1 and to shield Sp1 from the ubiquitin-dependent degradation pathway during mitosis in tumor cell lines.
Model for the Mass Transport during Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching with Contiguous Metal Films As Catalysts (2012)

Metal-assisted chemical etching is a relatively new top-down approach allowing a highly controlled and precise fabrication of Si and Si/Ge superlattice nanowires. It is a simple method with the ability to tailor diverse nanowire parameters like diameter, length, density, orientation, doping level, doping type, and morphology. In a typical metal-assisted chemical etching procedure, a Si substrate is covered by a lithographic noble metal film and etched in a solution containing HF and an oxidant (typically H2O2). In general, the function of the metal is to catalyze the reduction of H2O2, which delivers electronic holes necessary for the oxidation and subsequent dissolution of the Si oxide by HF. However, the details of the etching process using contiguous metal thin films, especially the mass transport of reactants and byproducts are still not well understood. In this study, the etching mechanism was systematically investigated. Several models of metal-assisted chemical etching using a contiguous metal film as a catalyst were developed and tested by performing different well-controlled etching experiments. The experiments helped to identify two processes fundamental for the formation of Si nanowires. First, a thin porous layer is formed beneath the metal film during etching, which facilitates the transport of the electrolyte (HF and H2O2). Second, the porous layer is continuously etched away in an electropolishing process, which occurs in direct contact with the metal film. Our results lead to an improved understanding of the fundamentals of the metal-assisted chemical etching on a microscopic scale. It potentially paves a way to integrate lithography with metal-assisted chemical etching for fabrication of Si nanowires with adjustable surface patterns.
CLASSIFICATION AND MIXING OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL BUOYANT SURFACE DISCHARGES (1986)

On the basis of flow force conservation the two-dimensional buoyant surface discharge of a light fluid over a stagnant ambient fluid can be classified into four regimes: a fully entraining buoyant jet, a jet/jump combination, a direct jump, or a flooded jump. A depth-discharge diagram for such entraining flows is presented to assess these different transition paths between a supercritical discharge and an imposed subcritical downstream condition. Certain flow instabilities are predicted to occur at downstream Froude numbers of 1 or 1/2, respectively. Comparison with various experimental data, including additional data by the authors, confirms the flow force conservation theory. Furthermore, a more detailed analysis of the spatial development of a buoyant surface jet is made using an entrainment formulation with buoyant damping for closure of the governing equation. The predictions compare favorably with experimental data.
Soviet Priz spatial light modulator (1981)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text D. Casasent, F. Caimi, and A. Khomenko, "Soviet Priz spatial light modulator," Appl. Opt. 20, 3090-3092 (1981) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Skyline-join in distributed databases (2008)

The database research community has recently recognized the usefulness of skyline query. As an extension of existing database operator, the skyline query is valuable for multi-criteria decision making. However, current research tends to assume that the skyline operator is applied to one table which is not true for many applications on Web databases. In Web databases, tables are distributed in different sites, and a skyline query may involve attributes of multiple tables. In this paper, we address the problem of processing skyline queries on multiple tables in a distributed environment. We call the new operator skyline-join, as it is a hybrid of skyline and join operations. We propose two efficient approaches to process skyline-join queries which can significantly reduce the communication cost and processing time. Experiments are conducted and results show that our approaches are efficient for distributed skyline-join queries.
Integrated DC-DC converter using GaAs HBT technology (1999)

DC-DC boost converters operating at very high switching frequencies (up to 20 MHz) have been fabricated using GaAs HBT technology. The pulsewidth modulator, driver amplifier and power switch have been implemented on a single GaAs chip. With an input voltage of 3.6 V DC, an operating frequency of 10 MHz and an output power of &gt; 1.5 W, a power efficiency over 80% has been obtained.
Molecular Forms of Human Enteroglucagon in Tissue and Plasma: Plasma Responses to Nutrient Stimuli in Health and in Disorders of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract* (1983)

A means of estimating human enteroglucagon (glucagon-like immunoreactivity of intestinal origin) in tissues and plasma is described, based on the subtraction of RIA values obtained with the C-terminal-directed glucagon antiserum RCS5 from the total glucagon-like immunoreactivity determined with the N-terminal- to midmolecule-directed glucagon antiserum R59. Gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 of human plasma and extracts of normal human intestine separated the R59 immunoreactivity into three peaks: a small peak of void volume material, a major peak coeluting with porcine glicentin, and a smaller peak coeluting with pancreatic glucagon. No RCS5 immunoreactivity was detected in the human gut, except for a small amount constituting less than 2% of the total glucagon-like immunoreactivity in the ileum and rectum only. In extracts of human pancreas, the chromatographic profiles obtained with RCS5 and R59 assays differed from the intestinal patterns, but were identical to each other, giving no evidence of a significant amount of pancreatic R59 immunoreactivity that was not also reactive with RCS5. Chromatography of plasmas from healthy subjects and patients with dumping syndrome, active coeliac disease, and tropical sprue showed that only the second major peak of R59 immunoreactivity reflected the basal or postnutrient increases in the plasma enteroglucagon concentration. In patients with exaggerated enteroglucagon release, the rise was again found to be entirely due to an increase in this peak of immunoreactivity. This major molecular form of human enteroglucagon, similar in size to porcine glicentin, is, thus, the form most likely to be of physiological and pathophysiological significance.
The H3K27me3 demethylase UTX in normal development and disease (2014)

In 2007, the Ubiquitously Transcribed Tetratricopeptide Repeat on chromosome X (UTX) was identified as a histone demethylase that specifically targets di- and tri-methyl groups on lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me2/3). Since then, UTX has been proven essential during normal development, as it is critically required for correct reprogramming, embryonic development and tissue-specific differentiation. UTX is a member of the MLL2 H3K4 methyltransferase complex and its catalytic activity has been linked to regulation of HOX and RB transcriptional networks. In addition, an H3K27me2/3 demethylase independent function for UTX was uncovered in promoting general chromatin remodeling in concert with the BRG1-containing SWI/SNF remodeling complex. Constitutional inactivation of UTX causes a specific hereditary disorder called the Kabuki syndrome, whereas somatic loss of UTX has been reported in a variety of human cancers. Here, we compile the breakthrough discoveries made from the first disclosure of UTX as a histone demethylase till the identification of disease-related UTX mutations and specific UTX inhibitors.
Platelet-rich Plasmas: Growth Factor Content and Roles in Wound Healing (2005)

PRPs, platelet-rich plasmas; GFs, growth factors; EGF, epidermal growth factor; TGF-alpha, transforming growth factor-alpha; IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1; Ang-2, angiopoietin-2; IL-1beta, interleukin-1 beta; HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells; hFOB 1.19, human fetal osteoblasts; and FBS, fetal bovine serum.
Logic soft errors in sub-65nm technologies design and CAD challenges (2005)

Logic soft errors are radiation induced transient errors in sequential elements (flip-flops and latches) and combinational logic. Robust enterprise platforms in sub-65nm technologies require designs with built-in logic soft error protection. Effective logic soft error protection requires solutions to the following three problems: (1) Accurate soft error rate estimation for combinational logic networks; (2) Automated estimation of system effects of logic soft errors, and identification of regions in a design that must be protected; and, (3) New cost-effective techniques for logic soft error protection, because classical fault-tolerance techniques are very expensive.
Arginase, Prostaglandins, and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Renal Cell Carcinoma (2007)

Tumor-induced tolerance is a well-established phenomenon in cancer patients that can severely impair the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy. One mechanism leading to T-cell tolerance is the generation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) by soluble factors produced by the tumor. MDSC express CD11b(+) as a common marker but may vary in their stage of maturation, depending on the tumor factors being produced. Arginase production by MDSC depletes arginine from the tumor microenvironment and impairs T-cell signal transduction and function. We studied whether an increase in MDSC could explain the molecular alterations and dysfunction found in T cells of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Arginase activity in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 117 RCC patients was increased between 6- to 8-fold compared with normal controls. The increased arginase activity was limited to the CD11b(+)CD14(-) myeloid cells and resulted in significantly decreased serum levels of arginine and increased ornithine in patients. Depletion of MDSC restored IFN-gamma production and T-cell proliferation. Preliminary data suggest that prostaglandin E(2) produced by the tumor induces arginase I expression in MDSC. Therefore, blocking MDSC activity may enhance the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy in RCC.
Head and Media Challenges for 3 Tb/in<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="TeX">\(^{\boldsymbol {2}}\) </tex-math></inline-formula> Microwave-Assisted Magnetic Recording (2014)

A specific design for microwave assisted magnetic recording (MAMR) at about 3 Tb/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (0.47 Tb/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> or 4.7 Pb/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) is discussed in detail to highlight the challenges of MAMR and to contrast its requirements with conventional perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR). In particular, it has been determined that MAMR-optimized media should have: higher damping than today's PMR media upon which ferromagnetic resonance measurements are reported, very low intergranular exchange coupling, and somewhat stronger layer to layer exchange coupling. It was found that with exchange-coupled composite type media (i.e., graded anisotropy with controlled exchange), a spin torque oscillator in the write gap of a wider shielded pole cannot adequately define the written track at high track density. Adequate lateral field gradient, however, is achieved by modifying the pole tip geometry. Other details of this conceptual design are also discussed.
Induction of potent cellular immune response in mice by hepatitis C virus NS3 protein with double‐stranded RNA (2007)

Double-stranded RNA is produced during virus replication and, together with the viral antigen, is responsible for inducing host antivirus immunity. The hepatitis C virus (HCV) non-structural protein-3 (NS3) has been implicated in the immune evasion of HCV, and is one of the prime targets for inducing immunity against HCV infection. Mice were immunized with recombinant NS3 protein (rNS3) and poly (I:C) emulsified in Montanide ISA 720 (M720). Cytokine production was assayed by enzyme-linked immunospot assay, and CD4(+) IFN-gamma(+) T helper (Th) cells or CD8(+) IFN-gamma(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes were detected by flow cytometry. Anti-NS3 titre and immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) and IgG1 levels were monitored by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Administration of rNS3 formulated in poly (I:C) and M720 induced anti-NS3 titres with a predominantly IgG2a isotype comparable to those induced by rNS3 in CpG-ODN and M720. The cytokine profiles showed that this formulation induced a Th1-biased immune response with several-fold more interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-producing cells than interleukin-4-producing cells. In contrast, rNS3 in M720 induced a Th2-biased immune response. The frequency of IFN-gamma-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells induced by rNS3 in poly (I:C) and M720 was significantly higher than that induced by rNS3, rNS3 in M720, or rNS3 in poly (I:C), and was comparable to that induced by rNS3 in CpG-ODN with M720. The antigen-specific CD8(+) T-cell immune response persisted for up to 7 months after immunization. In conclusion, poly (I:C) with rNS3 in M720 can elicit a strong and persistent Th1-biased immune response and a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response through cross-priming in mice. This study highlighted a promising formulation for inducing an efficient cellular immune response against HCV that has potential for HCV vaccine development.
A Set of de Novo Designed Parallel Heterodimeric Coiled Coils with Quantified Dissociation Constants in the Micromolar to Sub-nanomolar Regime (2013)

The availability of peptide and protein components that fold to defined structures with tailored stabilities would facilitate rational protein engineering and synthetic biology. We have begun to generate a toolkit of such components based on de novo designed coiled-coil peptides that mediate protein-protein interactions. Here, we present a set of coiled-coil heterodimers to add to the toolkit. The lengths of the coiled-coil regions are 21, 24, or 28 residues, which deliver dissociation constants in the micromolar to sub-nanomolar range. In addition, comparison of two related series of peptides highlights the need for including polar residues within the hydrophobic interfaces, both to specify the dimer state over alternatives and to fine-tune the dissociation constants.
Biomechanical Comparison of Five Different Atlantoaxial Posterior Fixation Techniques (2000)

The current findings substantiate the use of three-point fixation as the treatment of choice for C1-C2 instability. [l: atlantoaxial fixation, biomechanics, cervical spine, instability, spinal instrumentation, transarticular screws]