gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bis(31/31‘){[Cys31,Trp32,Nva34]NPY- (31−36)}:  A Specific NPY Y-1 Receptor Antagonist (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUELetterNEXTBis(31/31'){[Cys31,Trp32,Nva34]NPY- (31−36)}: A Specific NPY Y-1 Receptor AntagonistA. Balasubramaniam, W. Zhai, S. Sheriff, Z. Tao, W. T. Chance, J. E. Fischer, P. Eden, and J. TaylorView Author Information Division of Gastrointestinal Hormones, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, and Biomeasure Inc., Milford, Massachusetts 01757 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39, 4, 811–813Publication Date (Web):February 16, 1996Publication History Received2 November 1995Published online16 February 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm950811rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm950811rrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views215Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Antagonists,Chemical structure,Monomers,Peptides and proteins,Receptors Get e-Alerts
Enhanced Immunogenicity of B Cell Lymphoma Genetically Engineered to Express Both B7-1 and Interleukin-12 (1997)

The A20 murine B cell lymphoma was transfected with B7-1 and subsequently these variants and vector control variants were retrovirally infected to express murine interleukin-12 (mIL-12). In vitro data showed that the B7-1 variants enhanced secretion of IL-2 and IL-4 by allogeneic T cells in mixed lymphocyte tumor cultures. While IL-12 variants stimulated IFN-gamma, variants expressing both B7-1 and IL-12 stimulated IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-4 secretion. Tumorigenicity experiments showed that whereas B7-1 delayed tumor onset, only the mIL-12 variants with or without B7-1 were completely rejected in syngeneic hosts. In addition, tumor-free mice were protected against subsequent challenge with the parental unmodified cells and had enhanced cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) lysis activity. Results from minimal disease mixing experiments demonstrated that only the A20/B7-1/mIL-12 variant was able to reject A20 unmodified cells inoculated at the same site, whereas prolonged survival was observed when the A20 parental cells were inoculated at different sites. Depletion studies and injections into nu-/nu- mice demonstrated that both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells may mediate immunity. These data suggest that vaccinations with tumor cells genetically modified to express both B7-1 and IL-12 may alter cytokine profiles and generate CTL activity and, thus, the mechanisms of enhanced antitumor immunity may be multifactorial.
Simplified Noise Evaluation of Microwave Receivers (1984)

The noise figure for arbitrary source admittance can be computed from the noise figure at any one source admittance and the output noise when passive one-ports are connected to the receiver input, if input admittance is known. The procedure is demonstrated experimentally at 4000 MHz with offset short circuits as the passive one-ports. The input admittance determined by mismatched noise sources agrees with network analyzer measurements.
Risk of breast cancer associated with atypical hyperplasia of lobular and ductal types. (1997)

Epidemiological studies using the histological classification of Page for benign breast disease consistently demonstrate a positive association between atypical hyperplasia and the subsequent development of breast cancer. However, atypical hyperplasia is of either lobular or ductal types, and breast cancer risk in relation to type of atypical hyperplasia has not been studied extensively. Thus, we investigated prospectively the risk of breast cancer associated with histological subtypes of benign proliferative breast disease, including the types of atypical hyperplasia, among participants in the Nurses' Health Study who had biopsy-confirmed benign breast disease. Women who subsequently developed breast cancer were matched by year of birth and year of biopsy to participants who were free from breast cancer. Benign biopsy slides were classified according to the criteria of Page. Odds ratios (ORs) of breast cancer and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for the matching variables and other breast cancer risk factors, were computed using unconditional logistic regression with benign nonproliferative breast disease as the referent group. Atypical ductal hyperplasia (OR = 2.4; 95% CI, 1.3-4.5) or atypical lobular hyperplasia (OR = 5.3; 95% CI, 2.7-10.4) in a prior biopsy were associated with increased breast cancer risk. Atypical lobular hyperplasia was more strongly associated with the risk of premenopausal breast cancer (OR = 9.6; 95% CI, 3.3-27.8) than with the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer (OR = 3.7; 95% CI, 1.3-10.2). The association of atypical ductal hyperplasia and breast cancer risk varied little by menopausal status. The magnitude of breast cancer risk seems to vary according to the type of atypical hyperplasia present at biopsy.
Azolopyrimidines and pyrimidoquinazolines from 4‐chloropyrimidines (1989)

Abstract 5‐Cyano‐3,4‐dihydro‐6‐phenyl‐2‐substitutedpyrimidin‐4‐ones 1a‐c reacted with phosphorus oxychloride to give the corresponding 4‐chloropyrimidine derivatives IIa‐c . Compounds IIa‐c reacted with aniline and hydrazine to yield the 4‐anilino, IIIa,e , and 4‐hydrazino, IIIb‐d derivatives. The 4‐hydrazino analogues IIIb,c could be converted into the triazolo[4,3‐ c ] and tetrazolo[4,5‐ c ]pyrimidines IV and V by the action of carbon disulphide and nitrous acid, respectively. The reaction of IIb,c with phenylhydrazine afforded directly the 5‐amino‐4,6‐diphenyl‐6 H ‐2‐substitutedpyrazolo[3,4‐ d ]pyrimidines VIa,b . The 4‐chloro derivative IIa reacted with antrhanilic acid to form the 5‐cyano‐2,4‐diphenyl‐6‐( o ‐carboxyphenylamino)pyrimidine VIII , which could be cyclised into the 4‐cyano‐1,3‐diphenyl‐10 H ‐pyrimido[6,1‐ b ]quinazolin‐10‐one IX by heating with acetic anhydride.
Rapid subchromosomal localization of cosmids by nonradioactive in situ hybridization (1990)

A rapid method for localizing large numbers of complete cosmids by nonradioactive in situ hybridization is described. The cosmids are nick translated in the presence of biotin-16-dUTP, incubated with an excess of sonicated human DNA, and used as a probe for in situ hybridization. Sites of hybridization are detected by successive treatments with FITC-labeled avidin and biotinylated anti-avidin antibody. Fifty-two cosmids were localized on chromosome 16 in 5 d relative to translocation breakpoints contained in two cell lines. Rapid identification of chromosome 16 was achieved by cohybridization with a chromosome 16-specific centromeric repeat probe.
Orthogonal Sulfation Strategy for Synthetic Heparan Sulfate Ligands (2005)

[reaction: see text] An orthogonal sulfation strategy involving six different protecting groups has been developed for generating sulfated carbohydrate libraries based on heparan. Chemoselective cleavage conditions (optimized for a heparan disaccharide) can be performed in the presence of sulfate esters as well as the remaining protecting groups.
Bioconversion of Rebaudioside I from Rebaudioside A (2014)

To supply the increasing demand of natural high potency sweeteners to reduce the calories in food and beverages, we have looked to steviol glycosides. In this work we report the bioconversion of rebaudioside A to rebaudioside I using a glucosyltransferase enzyme. This bioconversion reaction adds one sugar unit with a 1→3 linkage. We utilized 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C, COSY, HSQC-DEPT, HMBC, 1D TOCSY and NOESY) and mass spectral data to fully characterize rebaudioside I.
Protocol implementation on the Nectar Communication Processor (1990)

We have built a high-speed local-area network called Nectar that uses programmable communication processors as host interfaces. In contrast to most protocol engines, our communication processors have a flexible runtime system that supports multiple transport protocols as well as application-specific activities. In particular, we have implemented the TCP/IP protocol suite and Nectar-specific communication protocols on the communication processor. The Nectar network currently has 25 hosts and has been in use for over a year. The flexibility of our communication processor design does not compromise its performance. The latency of a remote procedure call between application tasks executing on two Nectar hosts is less than 500 μsec. The same tasks can obtain a throughput of 28 Mbit/sec using either TCP/IP or Nectar-specific transport protocols. This throughput is limited by the VME bus that connects a host and its communication processor. Application tasks executing on two communication processors can obtain 90 Mbit/sec of the possible 100 Mbit/sec physical bandwidth using Nectar-specific transport protocols.
Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry: A primer (1998)

This review offers an introduction to the principles and generic applications of FT-ICR mass spectrometry, directed to readers with no prior experience with the technique. We are able to explain the fundamental FT-ICR phenomena from a simplified theoretical treatment of ion behavior in idealized magnetic and electric fields. The effects of trapping voltage, trap size and shape, and other nonidealities are manifested mainly as perturbations that preserve the idealized ion behavior modified by appropriate numerical correction factors. Topics include: effect of ion mass, charge, magnetic field, and trapping voltage on ion cyclotron frequency; excitation and detection of ICR signals; mass calibration; mass resolving power and mass accuracy; upper mass limit(s); dynamic range; detection limit, strategies for mass and energy selection for MSn; ion axialization, cooling, and remeasurement; and means for guiding externally formed ions into the ion trap. The relation of FT-ICR MS to other types of Fourier transform spectroscopy and to the Paul (quadrupole) ion trap is described. The article concludes with selected applications, an appendix listing accurate fundamental constants needed for ultrahigh-precision analysis, and an annotated list of selected reviews and primary source publications that describe in further detail various FT-ICR MS techniques and applications.
Internal GSM/DCS Antenna Backed by a Step-Shaped Ground Plane for a PDA Phone (2006)

A novel internal global system for mobile communication/digital communication system (GSM/DCS) antenna suitable for application in mobile devices such as the Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) phone is presented. The antenna has two radiating strips designed to operate at about 900 and 1800 MHz for GSM/DCS operation, and is backed by and short-circuited to a step-shaped ground plane. With the use of the step-shaped ground plane, which is to be placed at the top edge of the system ground plane of a PDA phone, the antenna can be employed in very close proximity to the possible RF shielding metal cases for battery and associated RF module/circuitry, with almost no degradation in the antenna performances. In addition, the antenna almost occupies no board space in the system ground plane, and is with a very small protruded length (3 mm only in this study) over the top edge of the system ground plane. The antenna is thus very promising to operate as an internal antenna, and in addition, shows an attractive electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) property with nearby conducting or RF elements inside a mobile device.
Distortions on Sixteenth-century Maps of America (1995)

Distortions in early-sixteenth-century maps make it difficult to match place names and landforms to real places. This paper seeks to improve interpretation of these maps by discussing and illustrating the major causes of distortion. Errors in scale, caused by using inconsistent or incorrect units of measure, are probably the worst. Building maps with uncorrected magnetic compass courses placed landforms at incorrect latitudes. Unmeasured swift currents (e.g., the Gulf Stream) biased estimates of distance travelled, and led to maps with stretched or compressed coastal lengths. Flat maps constructed from course data on the sphere led to the invention of false coasts in order to close circuits. The paper also traces the scaling errors back to the early fourteenth century.
Jaw‐movement smoothness during empty chewing and gum chewing (2012)

A major goal of motor coordination is the production of a smooth movement. Jerk-cost, which is an inverse measure of movement smoothness, has been evaluated during gum chewing in previous studies. However, the effect of the gum bolus is still unclear. The aims of this study were to compare the jerk-cost values of normal gum chewing with those of empty chewing. Thirteen subjects undertook, empty chewing, then chewing of gum, and then a second empty chewing. Jerk-cost was calculated from an accelerometer attached to the skin of the mentum. There was a significantly higher smoothness (i.e. lower jerk-cost, P < 0.05) during the opening and second-half closing phases in empty chewing compared with gum chewing. There were no significant differences in jerk-costs (i.e. opening or closing) between the first and the second empty-chewing sequences. These results suggest that the influence of the mechanical effects of tooth contact on jerk-cost is not restricted just to the occlusal phase of chewing, but rather the effect influences the entire opening and closing phases of chewing.
The Semaphorin 4D Receptor Plexin-B1 Is a GTPase Activating Protein for R-Ras (2004)

Plexins are cell surface receptors for semaphorin molecules, and their interaction governs cell adhesion and migration in a variety of tissues. We report that the Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) receptor Plexin-B1 directly stimulates the intrinsic guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activity of R-Ras, a member of the Ras superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins that has been implicated in promoting cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth. This activity required the interaction of Plexin-B1 with Rnd1, a small GTP-binding protein of the Rho family. Down-regulation of R-Ras activity by the Plexin-B1-Rnd1 complex was essential for the Sema4D-induced growth cone collapse in hippocampal neurons. Thus, Plexin-B1 mediates Sema4D-induced repulsive axon guidance signaling by acting as a GTPase activating protein for R-Ras.
Multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) locus protects Escherichia coli from rapid cell killing by fluoroquinolones (1996)

The multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) locus in Escherichia coli consists of two divergently expressed operons (marC and marRAB), both of which contribute to the Mar phenotype. Overexpression of the marRAB operon protected E. coli against rapid cell killing by fluoroquinolones. Inactivation of the operon in mar mutants restored a wild-type bactericidal susceptibility. Both operons of the locus were required for protection from the quinolone-mediated bactericidal activity in mar locus deletion mutants. The effect was lost at high concentrations of fluoroquinolones, unlike the case for the previously described genes hipA and hipQ. The inducible mar locus appears to specify a novel antibactericidal mechanism which may play a role in the emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant clinical E. coli isolates.
Preparation of Solid Salt‐Stabilized Functionalized Organozinc Compounds and their Application to Cross‐Coupling and Carbonyl Addition Reactions (2011)

Powdered organozinc reagents: Various aryl and heteroaryl bromides as well as benzylic chlorides react with Mg and Zn(OPiv)2⋅2 LiCl (OPiv=pivalate) to provide solid organozinc reagents after solvent evaporation. These powders can be stored at room temperature under argon for months and can be manipulated in air for a short time. They undergo smooth Negishi cross-coupling and carbonyl addition reactions (see scheme). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Effects of temperature and stress on the compressibilities, thermal expansivities, and porosities of Cerro Prieto and Berea sandstones to 9000 psi and 280/sup 0/C (1982)

Matrix and bulk compressibilities and thermal expansion coefficients of Berea sandstone and of a sandstone from Cerro Prieto well M-94 were measured. A novel technique for computing porosities as functions of effective stress or temperature from uniaxial compression and thermal expansion measurements respectively was developed and demonstrated. These measurements cover the range from ambient temperature to 280/sup 0/C. The data for Berea sandstone generally agree with previous results. The matrix and bulk compressibilities of the Cerro Prieto sandstone are considerably greater than those of two Imperial Valley sandstones, indicating significantly greater subsidence potential for Cerro Prieto. The porosities of the rocks studied decrease with increasing effective stress; the results indicate that porosity reductions due to pore pressure drawdown in sandstone dominated geothermal reservoirs are probably small. Porosities decrease also with increasing temperatures because grains expand at the expense of the pore volume. Porosity increases due to thermal drawdown are likely to be small in sandstone geothermal reservoirs, but greater porosity relative changes are expected for tighter sandstones.
Substitutions at C2′ of Daunosamine in the Anticancer Drug Daunorubicin Alter Its DNA‐Binding Sequence Specificity (1996)

In the search for new generations of anthracycline drugs, lower cytotoxic side effect and higher activity toward resistant cancer cells are two major goals. A new anthracycline drug, WP401 (2'-bromo-4'-epidaunorubicin, alpha-manno configuration), exhibits promising activity toward multidrug-resistant cells. In contrast, the related compound WP400 (2'-bromo-4'-epidaunorubicin, alpha-gluco configuration), is significantly less cytotoxic. To establish the structural and molecular bases of this observation, we performed X-ray diffraction analyses of the complexes between WP401 and four DNA hexamers CGTACG, CGATCG, CGCGCG, and CGGCCG. Their crystal data (space group P4(1)2(1)2, a = b approximately 2.8 nm, c approximately 5.3 nm) are similar to those of other daunorubicin/doxorubicin complexes. The refined crystal structures at 0.18-nm resolution revealed that two WP401 drug molecules bind to the duplex, with the aglycons intercalated between the CpG steps and their modified daunosamines in the minor groove. The bulky bromine atom at the C2' position caused the daunosamine of the bound WP401 to adopt a different conformation from that of the bound daunorubicin. In the presence of formaldehyde, WP401 formed a covalent adduct with CGGCCG more readily than with CGCGCG. This is the opposite of what is seen for daunorubicin and doxorubicin. Thus modifications at the C2' position of daunosamine modulate the sequence specificity of the formaldehyde-crosslinking reactions between anthracyclines and DNA.
Saving time, money and the environment - vHike a dynamic ride-sharing service for mobile devices (2011)

In times of increasing traffic-related problems, such as air-pollution or traffic jams, ride-sharing is one of the most environmentally friendly and pleasantest ways to travel. The many benefits are offset by a multitude of prejudices and fears, including security concerns and a heavy scheduling and coordinating burden. For this reason this paper introduces vHike an easy-to-use management system for dynamic ride-sharing running on modern Smartphones. By the use of techniques well-known from Web 2.0 social networks the threats and social discomfort emanated by ride-sharing is mitigated. With vHike we want to show that a proper designed social dynamic ride-sharing system can be feasible and viable.
Isolation and characterization of the gene coding for Escherichia coli arginyl-tRNA synthetase (1989)

The gene coding for Escherichia coli arginyl-tRNA synthetase (argS) was isolated as a fragment of 2.4 kb after analysis and subcloning of recombinant plasmids from the Clarke and Carbon library. The clone bearing the gene overproduces arginyl-tRNA synthetase by a factor 100. This means that the enzyme represents more than 20% of the cellular total protein content. Sequencing revealed that the fragment contains a unique open reading frame of 1734 bp flanked at its 5' and 3' ends respectively by 247 bp and 397 bp. The length of the corresponding protein (577 aa) is well consistent with earlier Mr determination (about 70 kd). Primer extension analysis of the ArgRS mRNA by reverse transcriptase, located its 5' end respectively at 8 and 30 nucleotides downstream of a TATA and a TTGAC like element (CTGAC) and 60 nucleotides upstream of the unusual translation initiation codon GUG; nuclease S1 analysis located the 3'-end at 48 bp downstream of the translation termination codon. argS has a codon usage pattern typical for highly expressed E. coli genes. With the exception of the presence of a HVGH sequence similar to the HIGH consensus element, ArgRS has no relevant sequence homologies with other aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.