gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards identity anonymization on graphs (2008)

The proliferation of network data in various application domains has raised privacy concerns for the individuals involved. Recent studies show that simply removing the identities of the nodes before publishing the graph/social network data does not guarantee privacy. The structure of the graph itself, and in its basic form the degree of the nodes, can be revealing the identities of individuals. To address this issue, we study a specific graph-anonymization problem. We call a graph k-degree anonymous if for every node v, there exist at least k-1 other nodes in the graph with the same degree as v. This definition of anonymity prevents the re-identification of individuals by adversaries with a priori knowledge of the degree of certain nodes. We formally define the graph-anonymization problem that, given a graph G, asks for the k-degree anonymous graph that stems from G with the minimum number of graph-modification operations. We devise simple and efficient algorithms for solving this problem. Our algorithms are based on principles related to the realizability of degree sequences. We apply our methods to a large spectrum of synthetic and real datasets and demonstrate their efficiency and practical utility.
ViBe: A Universal Background Subtraction Algorithm for Video Sequences (2010)

This paper presents a technique for motion detection that incorporates several innovative mechanisms. For example, our proposed technique stores, for each pixel, a set of values taken in the past at the same location or in the neighborhood. It then compares this set to the current pixel value in order to determine whether that pixel belongs to the background, and adapts the model by choosing randomly which values to substitute from the background model. This approach differs from those based upon the classical belief that the oldest values should be replaced first. Finally, when the pixel is found to be part of the background, its value is propagated into the background model of a neighboring pixel. We describe our method in full details (including pseudo-code and the parameter values used) and compare it to other background subtraction techniques. Efficiency figures show that our method outperforms recent and proven state-of-the-art methods in terms of both computation speed and detection rate. We also analyze the performance of a downscaled version of our algorithm to the absolute minimum of one comparison and one byte of memory per pixel. It appears that even such a simplified version of our algorithm performs better than mainstream techniques.
Influence of Electrolyte Composition on Liquid-Gated Carbon Nanotube and Graphene Transistors (2010)

Field-effect transistors based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and graphene can function as highly sensitive nanoscale (bio)sensors in solution. Here, we compare experimentally how SWNT and graphene transistors respond to changes in the composition of the aqueous electrolyte in which they are immersed. We show that the conductance of SWNTs and graphene is strongly affected by changes in the ionic strength, the pH, and the type of ions present, in a manner that can be qualitatively different for graphene and SWNT devices. We show that this sensitivity to electrolyte composition results from a combination of different mechanisms including electrostatic gating, Schottky-barrier modifications, and changes in gate capacitance. Interestingly, we find strong evidence that the sensor response to changes in electrolyte composition is affected by a high density of ionizable groups on both the underlying substrate and the carbon surfaces. We present a model based on the (regulated) surface charge associated with these ionizable groups that explains the majority of our data. Our findings have significant implications for interpreting and optimizing sensing experiments with nanocarbon transistors. This is particularly true for complex biological samples such as cell extracts, growth media, or bodily fluids, for which the complete composition of the solution needs to be considered.
Real-world safety and medication use of second-line (2L) 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)–based regimens among patients (pts) with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDAC). (2021)

e16248 Background: Chemotherapy-related adverse events (AEs) can negatively impact the treatment of pts. Managing and preventing these toxicities often require additional medications. This study examined the proportion of pts with mPDAC treated with 5-FU–based regimens in 2L who experienced AEs during treatment, and the proportion who received medication to manage those AEs. Methods: Data were extracted for pts diagnosed with mPDAC who initiated 2L treatment Jan 2016 to Aug 2020 from the Flatiron Health database. Pts included were treated with FOLFIRINOX (FFX), FOLFOX, FOLFIRI, or liposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI). The occurrence of grade 3 (G3) and grade 4 (G4) neutropenia and G3/G4 thrombocytopenia were determined using lab results and the grading criteria from the CTCAE v4.03. The occurrence of diarrhea and nausea/vomiting (N/V) were identified via ICD-10-CM codes. The use of atropine and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) during treatment was assessed. Duration of therapy (DOT) was assessed for each regimen. Descriptive statistics for AEs, medication use, and DOT were reported. Results: Of the 825 eligible pts, 29.0% (n=239) received FFX, 40.2% (n=332) received regimens containing nal-IRI, 24.0% (n=198) received FOLFOX, and 6.8% (n=56) received FOLFIRI. The median DOT (IQR) was 15.1 weeks (wks) (7.1 – 30.1), 12.9 wks (6.0 – 24.8), 11 wks (6.4 – 24.0), and 12.7 wks (8.3 – 24.6) for pts who received FFX, nal-IRI, FOLFOX, and FOLFIRI, respectively. G3/G4 thrombocytopenia (&lt;50,000/mm 3 ) presented in 9.6%, 2.4%, 8.1%, and 14.3% of pts treated with FFX, nal-IRI, FOLFOX, and FOLFIRI, respectively. G3/G4 neutropenia (&lt;1000/mm 3 ) presented in 22.6%, 12.3%, 14.6%, and 19.6% of pts treated with FFX, nal-IRI, FOLFOX, and FOLFIRI, respectively. The median (Q1-Q3) cumulative dose of the G-CSF pegfilgrastim was 18mg (12 – 45), 18mg (12 – 48), 24mg (12 – 36), and 30mg (13 – 48) for pts treated with FFX, nal-IRI, FOLFOX, and FOLFIRI, respectively. Atropine use was higher in pts treated with FFX and FOLFIRI (90.8% and 94.6%, respectively) than for pts treated with nal-IRI (75.6%). The full study results are reported in the table. Conclusions: In this study of AEs among pts with mPDAC treated in 2L, pts who received liposomal irinotecan had the lowest proportion of thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. Diarrhea was similar across the cohorts despite the high proportion of use in atropine for pts treated with FFX and FOLFIRI.[Table: see text]
Novel mutations in the promoter and coding region of the human 5-HT1A receptor gene and association analysis in schizophrenia (1998)

Dysfunction of serotonin systems has been implicated in schizophrenia. In the present study, the human 5-HT1A receptor gene containing the 5' untranslated region was screened in order to detect genetic variations, through which alteration of protein function or level of expression might contribute to schizophrenia. Genomic DNAs were isolated from whole-blood samples of 61 unrelated schizophrenic patients and 100 healthy controls. Genetic variations were screened systematically by single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis, followed by direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product as well as restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP). The novel mutations (-51T --> C, -152C --> G, -321G --> C, -480delA, and -581C --> A) were found in the 5' untranslated region. Furthermore, we found a novel missense mutation (Gly272Asp) in the coding region in addition to the mutations (Pro16Leu, 294G --> A, and 549C --> T) reported previously. No significant differences in genotype frequencies as well as allele frequencies were found between patients and controls. Our data provided no evidence of association between schizophrenia and the variants in the 5' untranslated region as well as the coding region of the human 5-HT1A receptor gene.
Synthesis of alternating polyamide esters by melt and solution polycondensations of N,N′-Di(6-hydroxycaproyl) diamines and N-6-hydroxycaproyl aminoalcohol with terephthalic and adipic dimethyl esters and dichlorides (1976)

Alternating polyamide esters of structures A and B were obtained by melt polymerization of dimethyl adipate and terephthalate or by solution polymerization of adipoyl and terephthaloyl chlorides, with N,N′-di(6-hydroxycaproyl)diamines and an N-6-hydroxycaproyl aminoalcohol: where R1 is selected from dimethylene, hexamethylene, and p-phenylene radicals, and R2 is selected from tetramethylene or p-phenyl radical. Polyamide esters of structure A′ were also prepared: Average values of melting points of the resulting polyamide esters were dependent on the starting diacid derivatives, amide diols, and methods of polymerizations as follows: where CPZ, CHD, CED, and CPPD are N,N′-di(6-hydroxycaproy1)-, each in this order: piperazine, hexamethylenediamine, ethylenediamine, and p-phenylenediamine. ECA is N-(2-hydroxyethyl)6-hydroxycaproamide. For a given polyamide ester obtained from the same starting materials and by the same method of polymerization, the melting points increased with inherent viscosities. Polyamide esters of high molecular weight were obtained from CHD with both adipic and terepbthalic derivatives both by melt and solution polymerizations. Polymerizations of the other amide diols gave lower molecular weights. Solution polymerization gave colorless or light-colored polymers, while melt polymerization gave deeper-colored polymers.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Vamorolone (VBP15) in Healthy Men and Boys With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (2019)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an inherited neuromuscular disorder occurring in boys and caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. Vamorolone is a first-generation delta-9,11 compound that has favorable efficacy and side effect profiles relative to classical glucocorticoids. The pharmacokinetics (PK) of oral vamorolone were assessed in parallel-group studies in healthy men (phase 1, n = 86) and boys with DMD (phase 2a, n = 48) during 14 days of once-daily dosing with a range of doses. Vamorolone exhibited moderate variability in PK, with the maximum plasma concentration usually occurring at 2-4 hours and a half-life of approximately 2 hours for all doses and days examined. Population PK modeling of all data together indicated that the PK of vamorolone can be well described by a 1-compartment model with zero-order absorption. Both men and boys showed a dose-linearity of PK parameters for the doses examined, with no accumulation of the drug during daily dosing. Ingestion with food resulted in markedly enhanced absorption of the drug, as tested in healthy men. There were similar PK of vamorolone in healthy men and DMD boys with apparent clearance averaging 2.0 L/h/kg in men and 1.7 L/h/kg in boys. Overall, vamorolone exhibited well-behaved linear PK, with similar profiles in healthy men and boys with DMD, moderate variability in PK parameters, and absorption and disposition profiles similar to those of classical glucocorticoids.
Coding to reduce the interference to carrier ratio of OFDM signals (2017)

In this paper, we propose a simple approach to reduce the sensitivity of OFDM system to the carrier frequency offset (CFO). The main idea is to choose a well-known channel code and to rotate each coordinate by a fixed phase shift such that the maximum inter-carrier interference (ICI) taken over all sub-carriers is minimized. This approach is based on a geometric interpretation of the peak interference to carrier ratio (PICR) of OFDM signals. Simulation results show that a reduction in PICR of 7 dB can be easily achieved. Furthermore, we addressed the fundamental limit of the proposed technique by providing both an exact and an approximate lower bound of PICR of phase-shifted binary codes. The bounds are applied to some codes: non-redundant binary code, BCH codes, and Reed-Muller codes. Simulation results demonstrated that phase-shift designs approach lower bounds and are resilient to CFO change.
An integrative approach identified genes associated with drug response in gastric cancer (2015)

Gastric cancer (GC) is the second leading cause of global cancer mortality worldwide. However, the molecular mechanism underlying its carcinogenesis and drug resistance is not well understood. To identify novel functionally important genes that were differentially expressed due to combinations of genetic and epigenetic changes, we analyzed datasets containing genome-wide mRNA expression, DNA copy number alterations and DNA methylation status from 154 primary GC samples and 47 matched non-neoplastic mucosa tissues from Asian patients. We used concepts of 'within' and 'between' statistical analysis to compare the difference between tumors and controls within each platform, and assessed the correlations between platforms. This 'multi-regulated gene (MRG)' analysis identified 126 differentially expressed genes that underwent a combination of copy number and DNA methylation changes. Most genes were located at genomic loci associated with GC. Statistical enrichment analysis showed that MRGs were enriched for cancer, GC and drug response. We analysed several MRGs that previously had not been associated with GC. Knockdown of DDX27, TH1L or IDH3G sensitized cells to epirubicin or cisplatin, and knockdown of RAI14 reduced cell proliferation. Further studies showed that overexpression of DDX27 reduced epirubicin-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. Levels of DDX27 mRNA and protein were increased in early-stage gastric tumors, and may be a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker for GC. In summary, we used an integrative bioinformatics strategy to identify novel genes that are altered in GC and regulate resistance of GC cells to drugs in vitro.
Taxi routing algorithm based on improved ant colony algorithm (2009)

The planning of transportation resource is a very typical optimization problem.As a novel simulated evolutionary algorithm,ant colony algorithm has many merits such as positive feedback,robust,parallel computing and coordination.So it is very suitable to solve the planning problem of transportation resource.An improved ant colony algorithm was presented,which aimed at the character of the taxi routing problem and the drawback of ant colony system applied in the planning of the transportation resource.This algorithm carry out the reasonable distribution of taxi resource,according to the principle of ants in the same colony promotes each other and ants in different colony restrains each other.
Ibrutinib and novel BTK inhibitors in clinical development (2013)

Small molecule inhibitors targeting dysregulated pathways (RAS/RAF/MEK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT) have significantly improved clinical outcomes in cancer patients. Recently Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), a crucial terminal kinase enzyme in the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling pathway, has emerged as an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in human malignancies and autoimmune disorders. Ibrutinib, a novel first-in-human BTK-inhibitor, has demonstrated clinical effectiveness and tolerability in early clinical trials and has progressed into phase III trials. However, additional research is necessary to identify the optimal dosing schedule, as well as patients most likely to benefit from BTK inhibition. This review summarizes preclinical and clinical development of ibrutinib and other novel BTK inhibitors (GDC-0834, CGI-560, CGI-1746, HM-71224, CC-292, and ONO-4059, CNX-774, LFM-A13) in the treatment of B-cell malignancies and autoimmune disorders.
Implementation Challenges of Self Service Business Intelligence: A Literature Review (2018)

In a traditional Business Intelligence (BI) system, power users serve less experienced casual users. Power users analyze and gather data requested by casual users, and produce the reports and visualizations that casual users base their decisions on. When data volumes and the usage frequency of a traditional BI system increase, power users have problems serving all the requests from casual users. The Self Service Business Intelligence (SSBI) approach can enable users to be more self-reliant and less dependent on power users. Although SSBI promises more benefits compared to a traditional BI system, many organizations fail to implement SSBI. The literature review presented in this paper discusses six SSBI challenges related to "Access and use of data" and four challenges related to "Self-reliant users". Awareness of these ten challenges can help practitioners avoid common pitfalls, when implementing SSBI, as well as guide SSBI researchers in focusing on their future research efforts.
CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2008-2012 (2015)

CBTRUS does not collect data directly from patients' medical records. As noted, data for CBTRUS analyses come from the NPCR and SEER programs. By law, all primary malignant and non-malignant brain tumors are reportable diseases. Hence, tumor registrars in treatment centers collect these data and send this information to CCR in their states where they are collated and de-identified and sent to NPCR and SEER. Brain and CNS tumors are reported using the site definition described in Public Law 107-260. On an annual basis, NPCR secures permission from CCR to release their data on brain and CNS tumors to CBTRUS. CCR plays an essential role in the collection process, diagrammatically presented in Figure These data are population-based and, therefore, by definition, represent a comprehensive documentation of all cancers diagnosed within a geographic region over a period of time.
Capacity of advanced TDMA systems for fixed radio access (1995)

We review the potential of advanced TDMA systems for fixed radio access. We highlight the differences between the fixed radio access (FRA) environment and the cellular mobile environment, and show that there are significant advantages in a system designed specifically for FRA over mobile and personal systems adapted for this purpose. The features of an advanced TDMA system for FRA are discussed, including the use of directional antennas, and adaptive rate coding and modulation. In particular we consider the capacity improvement possible by the use of directional antennas. Even if 99.9% availability is required, a system spectral efficiency of 0.7 bits/s/Hz/cell is possible, a factor of two improvement on a system with isotropic antennas. The advantages of adaptivity are shown by considering a simple adaptive protocol which is able to improve on this figure by a factor of four. (6 pages)
Design and Synthesis of Pyridinium Chiral Ionic Liquids Tethered to a Urea Functionality (2006)

Nine chiral room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), which contain a chiral moiety and a urea functionality bonded to a pyridinium ring, have been designed and synthesized. The synthesis of these ionic liquids is concise and practical due to the commercial availability of the starting materials. These novel RTILs were readily prepared from 2-(aminomethyl)pyridine and amino acid ester derived isocyanates. We envision that these new chiral RTILs can serve as effective reaction media as well as chiral catalysts for asymmetric reactions, which are presently being investigated in our laboratory.
Dendritic Cell Vaccination in Combination with Anti-CD25 Monoclonal Antibody Treatment: A Phase I/II Study in Metastatic Melanoma Patients (2010)

Although daclizumab depleted the CD4(+)FoxP3(+)CD25(high) Tregs from the peripheral circulation, it did not enhance the efficacy of the dendritic cell vaccine. Residual daclizumab functionally suppressed de novo induced CD25(+) effector cells during dendritic cell vaccinations. Our results indicate that for immunotherapeutic benefit of transient Treg depletion, timing and dosing as well as Treg specificity are extremely important.
A haptic probe for soft tissue abnormality identification during minimally invasive surgery (2009)

This paper proposes a novel haptic probe for the identification of tissue properties during minimally invasive surgery (MIS). The purpose of such a device is to compensate a surgeon for a portion of the loss of haptic and tactile feedback experienced during robotic-assisted MIS. A prototype for validating the concept in an ex-vivo setting was developed and used to characterize two different testing modalities - rolling tissue indentation and uniaxial tissue indentation. A MIS compatible design (capable of passing through 10mm hole) is also presented. The key feature of the wheeled device is the ability to measure the tool-tissue interaction force as well as the rolling indentation depth concurrently. The purpose of the rolling indentation is to generate a mechanical image which can indicate tissue abnormalities, such as tumors, which are difficult to isolate under static testing conditions. After locating the abnormal region, the uniaxial indentation is subsequently conducted on the region of interests for detailed investigation. Experiments on a silicone phantom show that the developed prototype is capable of rapidly locating embedded hard nodules within the silicone model. Moreover by performing static additional uniaxial indentation, the device can be used to identify the parameters of the tissue viscoelastic constitutive equation.
Soft-switching interleaved boost converter with high voltage gain (2008)

In this paper a soft-switching interleaved boost converter with high voltage gain is presented. The high voltage gain converter is far suitable for applications where a high step-up voltage is required, as in some renewable energy systems, which use, for example, photovoltaic panels and/or fuel cells. Besides, in order to guarantee small switching losses and, consequently, a high efficiency, a non- dissipative soft-switching cell with auxiliary commutation circuit is used. Thus, a large step-up voltage, low switching stress, small switching losses, and high efficiency are expected from this topology. In order to verify its effectiveness, experimental waveforms from the high voltage gain converter operating with hard-switching and soft-switching are compared. Also, waveforms from the soft-switching cell are presented and analyzed. Theoretical analysis, operation principle and topology details are also presented and studied.
A suspended membrane nanocalorimeter for ultralow volume bioanalysis (2002)

A nanocalorimetric suspended membrane sensor for pL volumes of aqueous media was fabricated by bulk silicon micromachining using anisotropic wet etching and photo and electron beam lithographic techniques. A high-temperature sensitivity of 125 microK and a rapid unfiltered time constant of 12 ms have been achieved by integrating a miniaturized reaction vessel of 0.7-nL volume on a 800-nm-thick and 300 x 300- microm2-large silicon nitride membrane, thermally insulated from the surrounding bulk silicon. The combination of a ten-junction gold and nickel thermoelectric sensor with an integrated ultralow noise preamplifier has enabled the resolution of 15-nW power in a single measurement, a result confirmed by electrical calibration. The combination of a high sensitivity and rapid response time is a consequence of miniaturization. The choice of gold and nickel as sensor material provided the maximum thermal sensitivity in the context of ease of fabrication and cost. The nanocalorimetric sensor has the potential for integration in an ultralow-volume high-density array format for the characterization of processes in which there is an exchange of heat.