gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DCE-MRI parameters have potential to predict response of locally advanced breast cancer patients to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and hyperthermia: A pilot study (2009)

This pilot study shows that the MPTS derived using pre-treatment MRI images has the potential to predict response to NA ChT and HT in LABC patients. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm the validity of these results.
Snapshots of Catalysis:  the Structure of Fructose-1,6-(bis)phosphate Aldolase Covalently Bound to the Substrate Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate, (2001)

Fructose-1,6-bis(phosphate) aldolase is an essential glycolytic enzyme found in all vertebrates and higher plants that catalyzes the cleavage of fructose 1,6-bis(phosphate) (Fru-1,6-P(2)) to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP). Mutations in the aldolase genes in humans cause hemolytic anemia and hereditary fructose intolerance. The structure of the aldolase-DHAP Schiff base has been determined by X-ray crystallography to 2.6 A resolution (R(cryst) = 0.213, R(free) = 0.249) by trapping the catalytic intermediate with NaBH(4) in the presence of Fru-1,6-P(2). This is the first structure of a trapped covalent intermediate for this essential glycolytic enzyme. The structure allows the elucidation of a comprehensive catalytic mechanism and identification of a conserved chemical motif in Schiff-base aldolases. The position of the bound DHAP relative to Asp33 is consistent with a role for Asp33 in deprotonation of the C4-hydroxyl leading to C-C bond cleavage. The methyl side chain of Ala31 is positioned directly opposite the C3-hydroxyl, sterically favoring the S-configuration of the substrate at this carbon. The "trigger" residue Arg303, which binds the substrate C6-phosphate group, is a ligand to the phosphate group of DHAP. The observed movement of the ligand between substrate and product phosphates may provide a structural link between the substrate cleavage and the conformational change in the C-terminus associated with product release. The position of Glu187 in relation to the DHAP Schiff base is consistent with a role for the residue in protonation of the hydroxyl group of the carbinolamine in the dehydration step, catalyzing Schiff-base formation. The overlay of the aldolase-DHAP structure with that of the covalent enzyme-dihydroxyacetone structure of the mechanistically similar transaldolase and KDPG aldolase allows the identification of a conserved Lys-Glu dyad involved in Schiff-base formation and breakdown. The overlay highlights the fact that Lys146 in aldolase is replaced in transaldolase with Asn35. The substitution in transaldolase stabilizes the enamine intermediate required for the attack of the second aldose substrate, changing the chemistry from aldolase to transaldolase.
Methionine Transport in Escherichia coli : Physiological and Genetic Evidence for Two Uptake Systems (1974)

At least two transport systems serve for the entry of l-methionine into Escherichia coli. One of these systems has a high affinity for methionine (K(T) of about 10(-7) M) and is inhibited by methionyl peptides. The other system has a lower affinity (K(T) of 40 muM). Mutants defective in metD lack the high-affinity system and are unable to utilize d-methionine or N-acetylmethionine as methionine sources. A mutant was isolated which not only lacks the high-affinity system, but which also exhibits decreased activity of the low-affinity system. The transport parameters of the activity remaining in this strain were measured. The energy source for transport appears to be the same as that in the parental strain. The loss of the transport activities was not accompanied by major changes in the methionine pool size or in the rate of methionine excretion or synthesis. The analysis of revertants and transduction crosses supports the conclusion that the strain described is a double mutant in both metD (which codes for the high-affinity system) and metP (the low-affinity system). The metD locus was found to lie between tonA (38% co-transduction) and proA (9% co-transduction).
On phonetic convergence during conversational interaction (2006)

Following research that found imitation in single-word shadowing, this study examines the degree to which interacting talkers increase similarity in phonetic repertoire during conversational interaction. Between-talker repetitions of the same lexical items produced in a conversational task were examined for phonetic convergence by asking a separate set of listeners to detect similarity in pronunciation across items in a perceptual task. In general, a listener judged a repeated item spoken by one talker in the task to be more similar to a sample production spoken by the talker's partner than corresponding pre- and postinteraction utterances. Both the role of a participant in the task and the sex of the pair of talkers affected the degree of convergence. These results suggest that talkers in conversational settings are susceptible to phonetic convergence, which can mark nonlinguistic functions in social discourse and can form the basis for phenomena such as accent change and dialect formation.
Evidence for two distinct classes of streptococcal M protein and their relationship to rheumatic fever. (1989)

The antigenic relatedness of surface-exposed portions of M protein molecules derived from group A streptococcal isolates representing more than 50 distinct serotypes was examined. The data indicate that the majority of serotypes fall into two major classes. Class I M protein molecules share a surface-exposed, antigenic domain comprising the C repeat region defined for M6 protein. The C repeat region of M6 protein is located adjacent to the COOH-terminal side of the pepsin-susceptible site. In contrast, Class I M proteins display considerably less antigenic relatedness to the B repeat region of M6 protein, which lies immediately NH2-terminal to the pepsin site. Surface-exposed portions of Class II M proteins lack antigenic epitopes that define the Class I molecules. Studies in the 1970s demonstrated that M protein serotypes can be divided into two groups based on both immunoreactivity directed to an unknown surface antigen (termed M-associated protein) and production of serum opacity factor. These two groups closely parallel our current definition of Class I and Class II serotypes. Both classes retain the antiphagocytic property characteristic of M protein, and Class II M proteins share some immunodeterminants with Class I M proteins, although the shared determinants do not appear to be exposed on the streptococcal surface. Nearly all streptococcal serotypes associated with outbreaks of acute rheumatic fever express M protein of a Class I serotype. Thus, the surface-exposed, conserved C repeat domain of Class I serotypes may be a virulence determinant for rheumatic fever.
The Influence of Religion on the Chicago School of Sociology (1993)

This paper concerns the influence of religion on the Chicago School of Sociology. After showing the marginal importance that religion had in early sociological American studies, this article takes issue with those interpretations that do not acknowledge that the Chicago School remained interested in the topic of religion even after it had freed itself of theological influence in order to concentrate more on solving the problems in America at that time. It is the author's opinion that the Chicago School promoted religious research not only during the time of Albion W. Small and Charles R. Henderson when theological interest was strong, but later too, when a number of studies concerning the problems of the city were written, as well as other studies that sought a greater understanding of the ethnic factor. The purpose of this paper is to try to interpret the role religion played in the various kinds of research produced by the Chicago sociologists during the golden age of the School.
Hysteresis Effect Implicates Calcium Cycling as a Mechanism of Repolarization Alternans (2003)

Alternans hysteresis is an intrinsic property of cardiac myocytes that can lead to persistence of arrhythmogenic discordant alternans even after heart rate is slowed. These results also support an important underlying role of calcium cycling in the mechanism of alternans.
Use of open‐tubular trapping columns for on‐line extraction–capillary gas chromatography of aqueous samples (1993)

Abstract The applicability of open‐tubular trapping columns for on‐line extraction–capillary GC analysis is evaluated. The extraction step involves sorption of the analytes from water into the stationary phase of an open‐tubular column, removal of the water by purging the trap with nitrogen, and desorption of the analytes with an organic solvent. The effect of swelling of the stationary phase with organic solvents on the retention power of the trap is studied. When using pentane or hexane as swelling agent breakthrough volumes of at least 10 ml can easily be obtained for non‐polar compounds. For a number of medium polarity compounds breakthrough volumes of 5 ml can be achieved when chloroform is used as the swelling agent. The required drying time is less than 1 minute. Quantitative desorption requires only 75 μl of organic solvent. Solvent elimination prior to transfer to the GC column is carried out using a PTV injector and a multidimensional GC system. The system is applied for the analyses of river water, urine, and serum samples.
Temporal Control of Immediate Early Gene Induction by Light (2009)

We conclude that the C128A mutant is not suitable for chronic stimulation of neurons, but very useful for light-controlled induction of immediate early genes. This property of ChR2(C128A) could be harnessed to control the expression of proteins under control of the c-fos promoter with precise timing and single cell specificity.
An Improved Synthesis of Dicarbonates1: Di-t-butyl Dicarbonate (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn Improved Synthesis of Dicarbonates1: Di-t-butyl DicarbonateJoseph H. Howe and Leo R. MorrisCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 5, 1901–1902Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01052a516https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01052a516research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views354Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
B-Raf specific antibody responses in melanoma patients (2004)

These findings imply that B-Raf is immunogenic in melanoma patients and that it might serve as a potential target for immunotherapy. However, B-Raf specific antibodies emerge at rather late stages of melanoma progression and are present only with a low frequency indicating that spontaneous B-Raf specific antibodies are not an early marker for melanoma, but rather may serve as a therapeutic target.
Colorectal cancer immunotherapy. (2013)

Antitumor immunotherapy for colorectal cancer has been studied at the bench and bedside for decades. Some clinical trials of cancer immunotherapy have demonstrated a potential benefit for patients with colorectal cancer, yet immunotherapy remains only an experimental option for this disease. Here, we review the major immunotherapeutic approaches currently under investigation for colorectal cancer, including cancer vaccines and adoptive cell therapy. Weakness and advantages of each strategy and progress in clinical trials will be described. Examination of previous and ongoing research in colorectal cancer therapy should define a path towards identification, approval, and mainstream adoption of colorectal cancer immunotherapeutics.
Fetal transfusion for red blood cell alloimmunization in pregnancy (1996)

For pregnant patients presenting with severe red blood cell alloimmunization remote from term, fetal transfusion remains the best available therapeutic option. It is a safe procedure with a perinatal loss rate of approximately 1-3%, and overall neonatal survival exceeds 80%. It is the best available option until red blood cell alloimmunization can be prevented altogether.
Searching for hematopoietic stem cells: evidence that Thy-1.1lo Lin- Sca-1+ cells are the only stem cells in C57BL/Ka-Thy-1.1 bone marrow. (1992)

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are defined in mice by three activities: they must rescue lethally irradiated mice (radioprotection), they must self-renew, and they must restore all blood cell lineages permanently. We initially demonstrated that HSCs were contained in a rare (approximately 0.05%) subset of bone marrow cells with the following surface marker profile: Thy-1.1lo Lin- Sca-1+. These cells were capable of long-term, multi-lineage reconstitution and radioprotection of lethally irradiated mice with an enrichment that mirrors their representation in bone marrow, namely, 1,000-2,000-fold. However, the experiments reported did not exclude the possibility that stem cell activity may also reside in populations that are Thy-1.1-, Sca-1-, or Lin+. In this article stem cell activity was determined by measuring: (a) radioprotection provided by sorted cells; (b) long-term, multi-lineage reconstitution of these surviving mice; and (c) long-term, multi-lineage reconstitution by donor cells when radioprotection is provided by coinjection of congenic host bone marrow cells. Here we demonstrate that HSC activity was detected in Thy-1.1+, Sca-1+, and Lin- fractions, but not Thy-1.1-, Sca-1-, or Lin+ bone marrow cells. We conclude that Thy-1.1lo Lin- Sca-1+ cells comprise the only adult C57BL/Ka-Thy-1.1 mouse bone marrow subset that contains pluripotent HSCs.
Turbulence: an introduction for scientists and engineers (2005)

PART I: THE CLASSICAL PICTURE OF TURBULENCE PART II: FREELY DECAYING HOMOGENOUS TURBULENCE PART III: SPECIAL TOPICS
Analysis of the thermal hydraulics of a multiphase oxygen production reactor in the Cu-Cl cycle (2016)

In the thermochemical water splitting process by Cu-Cl cycle, oxygen gas is produced by an endothermic thermolysis process in a three-phase reactor. In this thesis, the required heat for the thermolysis process is provided by adopting the idea of heating some of the stoichiometric oxygen gas by using a nuclear reactor heat source. Then, the gas is re-injected into the reactor from the bottom, to transfer heat directly to the slurry bed of molten salt and solid reactant. In this thesis, the thermal hydraulics of the oxygen slurry bubble column reactor (SBCR) is investigated experimentally and numerically. In the experiments, lower temperature alternative materials, such as helium gas at 90??C and water at 22??C, are used to mimic the actual materials of the oxygen gas at 600??C and molten CuCl at 530??C. From the experimental studies, new forms of empirical equations are formulated for the overall gas holdup and the volumetric heat transfer coefficient in terms of the design and input parameters of the SBCR, such as; the superficial gas velocity, reactor height, and solid particles concentration. The empirical equations are obtained for both bubbly and churn-turbulent flow regimes. It is also determined experimentally the flow regime transition point between bubbly and churn-turbulent flow regimes. Furthermore, it is found experimentally that the solid particle diameter has insignificant effect on the overall gas holdup. \nTo better understand the thermal hydraulics of the oxygen SBCR, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models are developed by using the ANSYS FLUENT software. All CFD simulation results are validated by the experimental results of the alternative materials system with good agreements. From the CFD simulations, it is also found that the gas temperature decreases dramatically near the bottom of the reactor, and the effects of the superficial gas velocity, reactor height, and solid concentration on the gas temperature are negligible. Finally, a simple correlation is obtained to calculate the number of oxygen reactors in terms of the superficial gas velocity of the oxygen gas and the oxygen production rate.
Serum androgen levels and muscle mass in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (1999)

Muscle size in women with PCOS correlated positively with serum androgen levels and upper body-fat distribution, independent of height.
Enzymatic activities of an extracellular, manganese-dependent peroxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium (1985)

An extracellular peroxidase was purified by chromatofocusing column chromatography from the growth medium of ligninolytic cultures of the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium Burds BKM-1767. The enzyme was electrophoretically pure with an Mr of 45 000–47 000. It contained an easily dissociable heme, and required Mn2+ ions for activity. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide and Mn2+ it oxidized compounds such as vanillylacetone, 2,6-dimethyloxyphenol, curcumin, syringic acid, guaiacol, syringaldazine, divanillylacetone, and coniferyl alcohol. It did not oxidize veratryl alcohol. In reactions requiring Mn2+ and O2, but not hydrogen peroxide, the enzyme oxidized glutathione, dithiothreitol, and NADPH with production of hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide produced could be used as a co-substrate by ligninases such as those that oxidize veratryl alcohol, or by the peroxidase itself to oxidize lignin model compounds.
Cancer Therapy–Induced Cardiotoxicity: Basic Mechanisms and Potential Cardioprotective Therapies (2014)

T he patient is a 63-year-old man with a history of well- controlled hypertension who is diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and treated with a doxorubicincontaining chemotherapy regimen. During therapy, he is continued on hydrochlorothiazide for his hypertension. Three months later, he complains of dyspnea on exertion and mild lower extremity edema. A transthoracic echocardiogram reveals a moderately reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), which is new compared with a study performed before he underwent chemotherapy.
Atrogin‐1, MuRF1, and FoXO, as well as phosphorylated GSK‐3β and 4E‐BP1 are reduced in skeletal muscle of chronic spinal cord–injured patients (2009)

Chronic complete spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with severe skeletal muscle atrophy as well several atrophy and physical-inactivity-related comorbidity factors such as diabetes, obesity, lipid disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Intracellular mechanisms associated with chronic complete SCI-related muscle atrophy are not well understood, and thus their characterization may assist with developing strategies to reduce the risk of comorbidity factors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether there was an increase in catabolic signaling targets, such as atrogin-1, muscle ring finger-1 (MuRF1), forkhead transcription factor (FoXO), and myostatin, and decreases in anabolic signaling targets, such as insulin-like growth factor (IGF), v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase-beta (GSK-3beta), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), and p70(s6kinase) in chronic complete SCI patients. In SCI patients, when compared with controls, there was a significant reduction in mRNA levels of atrogin-1 (59%; P < 0.05), MuRF1 (55%; P < 0.05), and myostatin (46%; P < 0.01), and in protein levels of FoXO1 (72%; P < 0.05), FoXO3a (60%; P < 0.05), and atrogin-1 (36%; P < 0.05). Decreases in the protein levels of IGF-1 (48%; P < 0.001) and phosphorylated GSK-3beta (54%; P < 0.05), 4E-BP1 (48%; P < 0.05), and p70(s6kinase) (60%; P = 0.1) were also observed, the latter three in an Akt- and mTOR-independent manner. Reductions in atrogin-1, MuRF1, FoXO, and myostatin suggest the existence of an internal mechanism aimed at reducing further loss of muscle proteins during chronic SCI. The downregulation of signaling proteins that regulate anabolism, such as IGF, GSK-3beta, and 4E-BP1, would reduce the ability to increase protein synthesis rates.
High-speed, high-responsivity, and high-power performance of near-ballistic uni-traveling-carrier photodiode at 1.55-/spl mu/m wavelength (2005)

We demonstrate a novel photodiode at a 1.55-μm wavelength: the near-ballistic uni-traveling-carrier photodiode (UTC-PD). After a p/sup +/ delta-doped layer was inserted into the collector of a UTC-PD, near-ballistic transport of photogenerated electrons under high reverse bias voltage (-5 V) and a high output photocurrent (/spl sim/30 mA) was observed. The demonstrated device has been combined with an evanescently coupled optical waveguide to attain high responsivity and high saturation power performance. Extremely high responsivity (1.14 A/W), a high electrical bandwidth (around 40 GHz), and a high saturation current-bandwidth product (over 1280 mA/spl middot/GHz, at 40 GHz) with high saturation radio-frequency power (over 12 dBm at 40 GHz) have been achieved simultaneously at a 1.55-μm wavelength.
Blood Velocity Profiles in the Human Renal Artery by Doppler Ultrasound and Their Relationship to Atherosclerosis (1996)

Blood velocity profiles were measured in the renal branch (diameter 5.9 +/- 1.3 mm) of the aortorenal bifurcation using a 20-MHz 80-channel pulsed Doppler velocimeter during retroperitoneal surgery in 10 patients. The peak Reynolds number was 1145 +/- 140 and the frequency parameter (Wormersley parameter) was 3.0 +/- 0.8. Immediately distal to the ostium of the renal artery, reverse flow, indicating flow separation, was observed near the cranial wall mainly during the first part of the cardiac cycle. There were flows from the cranial to the caudal side of the artery at this location, indicating the presence of strong secondary flows. Two diameters downstream of the ostium, the velocity profiles were skewed to the caudal side in all patients. Four diameters downstream, the flow profile was symmetrical (3 patients) or only slightly skewed (7 patients) and virtually parabolic throughout the cardiac cycle. These observations mean that the flow on the cranial side of the renal branch of the human aortorenal bifurcation is characterized by (1) a bidirectional oscillation of the flow, (2) separation of the flow during systole, and (3) low time-averaged shear rate. These blood velocity patterns may be related to the localization and development of atheromatous plaque that occurs preferentially in this region of the renal artery. Conversely, the unidirectional, axisymmetrical flow found in more distal parts of the renal artery are associated with a very low incidence of lesions.