gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imaging and Selective Elimination of Glioblastoma Stem Cells with Theranostic Near-Infrared-Labeled CD133-Specific Antibodies (2016)

Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT), which employs monoclonal antibody (mAb)-phototoxic phthalocyanine dye IR700 conjugates, permits the specific, image-guided and spatiotemporally controlled elimination of tumor cells. Here, we report the highly efficient NIR-PIT of human tumor xenografts initiated from patient-derived cancer stem cells (CSCs). Using glioblastoma stem cells (GBM-SCs) expressing the prototypic CSC marker AC133/CD133, we also demonstrate here for the first time that NIR-PIT is highly effective against brain tumors. The intravenously injected theranostic AC133 mAb conjugate enabled the non-invasive detection of orthotopic gliomas by NIR fluorescence imaging, and reached AC133+ GBM-SCs at the invasive tumor front. AC133-targeted NIR-PIT induced the rapid cell death of AC133+ GBM-SCs and thereby strong shrinkage of both subcutaneous and invasively growing brain tumors. A single round of NIR-PIT extended the overall survival of mice with established orthotopic gliomas by more than a factor of two, even though the harmless NIR light was applied through the intact skull. Humanised versions of this theranostic agent may facilitate intraoperative imaging and histopathological evaluation of tumor borders and enable the highly specific and efficient eradication of CSCs.
Sensitive Screening of Antifungal Compounds from Acetone Extracts of Medicinal Plants with a Bio-Cell Tracer (1999)

Antifungal activity of medicinal plants against Aspergillus niger was evaluated using Bio-Cell Tracer (BCT). By this system enabled the real time determination of hyphal growth rate could be done in the presence or absence of Chinese herbal extracts. Of the 41 herbal extracts with 60% acetone extracts tested by the present method, 26 were found to contain active components against A. niger hyphal growth. In contrast, by conventional methods, no active component was detected from every herbal extract except 3 herbal extracts. From the extract of Anemarrhena asphodeloides, one of active components was isolated and its structure determined by NMR, UV, and mass spectroscopy. The compound was identified as broussonin A (2-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl)-5-methoxy-phenol) which was formerly reported as a phytoalexin of Broussonetia papyrifera Vent.
Quantitative Multiplex Methylation-Specific PCR Assay for the Detection of Promoter Hypermethylation in Multiple Genes in Breast Cancer (2004)

If detected early, breast cancer is eminently curable. To detect breast cancer in samples with little cellularity, a high level of sensitivity is needed. Tumor-specific promoter hypermethylation has provided such a valuable tool for detection of cancer cells in biological samples. To accurately assess promoter hypermethylation for many genes simultaneously in small samples, we developed a novel method, quantitative multiplex-methylation-specific PCR (QM-MSP). QM-MSP is highly sensitive (1 in 10(4)-10(5) copies of DNA) and linear over 5 orders of magnitude. For RASSF1A, TWIST, Cyclin D2, and HIN1, we observed significant differences in both the degree (P < 0.003) and incidence (P < 0.02) of hypermethylation between normal and malignant breast tissues. Evaluation of the cumulative hypermethylation of the four genes within each sample revealed a high level of sensitivity (84%) and specificity (89%) of detection of methylation. We demonstrate the application of this technique for detecting hypermethylated RASSF1A, TWIST, Cyclin D2, HIN1, and RARB in 50-1000 epithelial cells collected from breast ducts during endoscopy or by lavage. Such an approach could be used in a variety of small samples derived from different tissues, with these or different biomarkers to enhance detection of malignancy.
The potential role of Th17 cells and Th17-related cytokines in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (2012)

T helper type 17 (Th17) cells, a novel distinct subset of Th cell, can secrete interleukin (IL)-17 in humans. Although recent data suggest that Th17 cells and IL-17 play an important role in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN), the expression of Th17-related cytokines in the kidneys of SLE patients has not been studied in detail. In the present study, we investigated circulating Th17-cell frequencies using flow cytometry and serum Th17-related cytokine levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 24 LN patients (17 patients with class IV and seven patients with class V) and 12 healthy controls. We also investigated glomerular Th17-related cytokine expression in LN patients and minimal change nephropathy (MCN) patients using immunohistochemistry. Our results showed significantly higher median frequencies of circulating Th17 cells in LN patients (0.68%) than in healthy controls (0.12%, p < 0.001). Serum levels of IL-17, IL-6 and IL-23 were significantly higher in LN patients (median 7.26, 232.60 and 37.01 pg/ml, respectively) than in healthy controls (median 0.82, 34.60 and 7.42 pg/ml, respectively; all p < 0.001). Circulating Th17-cell frequencies were positively correlated with SLEDAI, renal SLEDAI and histological activity index, the degree of cellular crescent and endocapillary proliferation. Significantly higher levels of glomerular IL-17 and IL-23 expression were observed in renal biopsies from class IV LN patients as compared to those from MCN patients and normal controls. Glomerular IL-17 and IL-23 expression levels were positively correlated with renal SLEDAI and histological activity index for LN patients. Our results suggest the potential role of the IL-23/Th17 axis in the intra-renal inflammation of SLE.
Soluble factor(s) produced by human bone marrow stroma increase cytokine-induced proliferation and maturation of primitive hematopoietic progenitors while preventing their terminal differentiation (1993)

We have recently shown that conservation and differentiation of primitive human hematopoietic progenitors in in vitro long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMC) occurs to a greater extent when hematopoietic cells are grown separated from the stromal layer than when grown in direct contact with the stroma. This finding suggests that hematopoiesis may depend mainly on soluble factors produced by the stroma. To define these soluble factors, we examine here whether a combination of defined early-acting cytokines can replace soluble stroma-derived biologic activities that induce conservation and differentiation of primitive progenitors. Normal human Lineage- /CD34+/HLA-DR- cells (DR-) were cultured either in the absence of a stromal layer (“stroma-free”) or in a culture system in which DR- cells were separated from the stromal layer by a microporous membrane (“stroma-noncontact”). Both culture systems were supplemented three times per week with or without cytokines. These studies show that culture of DR- cells for 5 weeks in a “stroma-free” culture supplemented with a combination of four early acting cytokines (Interleukin-3 [IL-3], stem cell factor [SCF], leukemia-inhibitory factor [LIF], and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [G-CSF]) results in a similar cell expansion as when DR- cells are cultured in “stroma-noncontact” cultures supplemented with the same cytokines. However, generation of committed progenitors and conservation of the more primitive long-term bone marrow culture initiating cells (LTBMC- IC) was far superior in “stroma-noncontact” cultures supplemented with or without IL-3 than in “stroma-free” cultures supplemented with IL-3 alone or a combination of IL-3, LIF, G-CSF, and SCF. These studies indicate that human BM stroma produces soluble factors that can either alone or in synergy with defined cytokines (1) conserve primitive LTBMC- IC, (2) induce early differentiation of a fraction of the primitive progenitors, and (3) prevent their terminal differentiation. We show here that these stroma-derived factors are not likely to be the known early acting cytokines IL-3, SCF, LIF, or G-CSF. Characterization of the stroma-derived factor(s) may have important implications for clinically relevant studies, such as in vitro stem cell expansion in cancer treatment and gene therapy.
Detection of ultrasonic motion of a scattering surface by photorefractive InP:Fe under an applied dc field (1997)

The characteristics of an interferometric system based on two-wave mixing at 1.06 µm in photorefractive InP:Fe under an applied field for the detection of ultrasonic motion of a scattering surface are described. A theoretical analysis of possible configurations for the detection of small phase modulation in the undepleted-pump approximation is presented. Experimental assessment of the device for both cw and pulse regimes is performed: The sensitivity, the étendue, the response time, and the behavior under ambient vibrations or moving inspected samples are provided. This adaptive device presents many features appropriate for industrial inspection and compares advantageously with the passive confocal Fabry–Perot device that is now widely used.
Biological roles of oligosaccharides: all of the theories are correct (1993)

Many different theories have been advanced concerning the biological roles of the oligosaccharide units of individual classes of glycoconjugates. Analysis of the evidence indicates that while all of these theories are correct, exceptions to each can also be found. The biological roles of oligosaccharides appear to span the spectrum from those that are trivial, to those that are crucial for the development, growth, function or survival of an organism. Some general principles emerge. First, it is difficult to predict a priori the functions a given oligosaccharide on a given glycoconjugate might be mediating, or their relative importance to the organism. Second, the same oligosaccharide sequence may mediate different functions at different locations within the same organism, or at different times in its ontogeny or life cycle. Third, the more specific and crucial biological roles of oligosaccharides are often mediated by unusual oligosaccharide sequences, unusual presentations of common terminal sequences, or by further modifications of the sugars themselves. However, such oligosaccharide sequences are also more likely to be targets for recognition by pathogenic toxins and microorganisms. As such, they are subject to more intra- and inter-species variation because of ongoing host-pathogen interactions during evolution. In the final analysis, the only common features of the varied functions of oligosaccharides are that they either mediate 'specific recognition' events or that they provide 'modulation' of biological processes. In so doing, they generate much of the functional diversity required for the development and differentiation of complex organisms, and for their interactions with other organisms in the environment.
Implementing a general-purpose edge router (1997)

Although routing is a well-studied problem in various contexts, there remain unsolved problems in routing edges for graph layouts. In contrast with techniques from other domains such as VLSI CAD and robotics, where physical constraints play a major role, aesthetics play the more important role in graph layout. For graphs, we seek paths that are easy to follow and add meaning to the layout. We describe a collection of aesthetic attributes applicable to drawing edges in graphs, and present a general approach for routing individual edges subject to these principles. We also give implementation details and survey difficulties that arise in an implementation.
Correlation of mRNA and protein in complex biological samples (2009)

The correlation between mRNA and protein abundances in the cell has been reported to be notoriously poor. Recent technological advances in the quantitative analysis of mRNA and protein species in complex samples allow the detailed analysis of this pathway at the center of biological systems. We give an overview of available methods for the identification and quantification of free and ribosome-bound mRNA, protein abundances and individual protein turnover rates. We review available literature on the correlation of mRNA and protein abundances and discuss biological and technical parameters influencing the correlation of these central biological molecules.
Review—SEI: Past, Present and Future (2017)

The Solid-Electrolyte-Interphase (SEI) model for non-aqueous alkali-metal batteries constitutes a paradigm change in the understanding of lithium batteries and has thus enabled the development of safer, durable, higher-power and lower-cost lithium batteries for portable and EV applications. Prior to the publication of the SEI model (1979), researchers used the Butler-Volmer equation, in which a direct electron transfer from the electrode to lithium cations in the solution is assumed. The SEI model proved that this is a mistaken concept and that, in practice, the transfer of electrons from the electrode to the solution in a lithium battery, must be prevented, since it will result in fast self-discharge of the active materials and poor battery performance. This model provides [E. Peled, in "Lithium Batteries," J.P. Gabano (ed), Academic Press, (1983), E. Peled, J. Electrochem. Soc., 126, 2047 (1979).] new equations for: electrode kinetics (io and b), anode corrosion, SEI resistivity and growth rate and irreversible capacity loss of lithium-ion batteries. This model became a cornerstone in the science and technology of lithium batteries. This paper reviews the past, present and the future of SEI batteries.
SOC 사업의 설계 인터페이스 관리 모델 구축 (2000)

SOC 사업은 그 특성상 규모가 크고 막대한 비용과 시간이 소요된다. 이러한 특성에 의해 SOC 사업의 설계업무도 여러 조직의 복잡한 프로세스를 거처 수행된다. 따라서 일반건설공사와 비교할 수 없는 수많은 정보가 생성·소멸되며, 정보를 필요로 하는 조직간의 원활한 정보교류가 사업의 성공에 중요한 요인으로 작용하게 된다. 그러나 아직까지 SOC 사업의 설계단계에서 정보교류 방법론이 체계적으로 정립되어 있지 않아 정보교류에 많은 어려움이 있다. 본 연구는 SOC 사업의 설계단계에서 설계업무를 원활하게 수행할 수 있도록 참여주체간 필요정보를 규명하여 인터페이스 향상 방안을 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 주요내용에는 업무수행 조직 중심의 조직프로세스 개선을 통한 인터페이스 향상 방안, 전문가들의 파트너링을 통한 협력설계 의사결정 방안, 정보표준화를 통한 개방형 설계 정보 통합 시스템 구축 방안 등이 포함된다.
Housing for Assisted Living in Inner-City Winnipeg: A Social Analysis of Housing Options for People with Disabilities (2011)

People with disabilities who have complex health and housing needs have limited housing options. Younger adults with disabilities, for example, are inappropriately placed in personal care homes with seniors when the cost of supporting a person in her or his own home exceeds the cost of supporting her or him in an institutional setting. Over the last decade, a working group called the Housing for Assisted Living (HAL) Committee has been seeking a solution to this problem in Winnipeg. The HAL Committee recently identified a building in the Logan area of Winnipeg's Inner City to re- develop as an assisted living facility that will provide a range of on-site support services for people with disabilities within an integrated setting.&#13;\n&#13;\nThis research project gathered information about social issues in the area where the assisted living facility is being developed. The findings will help ensure the long-term success of the HAL project, which will be beneficial for people with disabilities in particular and Winnipeg as a whole.&#13;\n&#13;\nWorking from a cross-disability perspective, we utilized a participatory action research approach. Thirty in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with people with disabilities who have complex health and housing needs, people with disabilities currently living in the Inner City, and representatives of agencies that provide housing and other services in Winnipeg to people with disabilities. The data from these interviews was analyzed and the major themes were compiled into a preliminary report that was distributed to all study participants who reviewed the research findings and provided feedback.
Factors influencing the ability of different mycoplasmas to colonize the genital tract of hormone-treated female mice. (1993)

Colonization of the genital tract of female mice, mainly BALB/c, by Mycoplasma genitalium, M. pneumoniae and M. pulmonis was enhanced by pretreatment of the mice with progesterone. M. fermentans, M. hominis and M. salivarium, and three serotypes and two untyped strains of Ureaplasma urealyticum colonized under the influence of oestradiol but not progesterone. Mycoplasmas dependent on progesterone were glucose-metabolizing, with strong haemadsorptive and other attachment properties, and possessed a terminal structure. Mycoplasmas dependent on oestradiol were arginine or arginine/glucose metabolizing. Ureaplasmas also required oestradiol. The oestradiol-requiring group appeared to be less cytadsorptive and devoid of a morphological terminal structure. Mycoplasmas that had had multiple passes in media were less able to colonize. This may be one, but not the only, reason for the failure of seven mycoplasmas to colonize under the influence of either hormone. The observations suggest the existence of a receptor mechanism for colonization, progesterone-requiring mycoplasmas being exposed to, and needing, genital tract cells different from those exposed to oestradiol-requiring mycoplasmas.
Mechanisms of Cyclic-di-GMP Signaling in Bacteria (2006)

Cyclic-di-GMP is a ubiquitous second messenger in bacteria. The recent discovery that c-di-GMP antagonistically controls motility and virulence of single, planktonic cells on one hand and cell adhesion and persistence of multicellular communities on the other has spurred interest in this regulatory compound. Cellular levels of c-di-GMP are controlled through the opposing activities of diguanylate cyclases and phosphodiesterases, which represent two large families of output domains found in bacterial one- and two-component systems. This review concentrates on structural and functional aspects of diguanylate cyclases and phosphodiesterases, and on their role in transmitting environmental stimuli into a range of different cellular functions. In addition, we examine several well-established model systems for c-di-GMP signaling, including Pseudomonas, Vibrio, Caulobacter, and Salmonella.
Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction as a Method for Determining Lentiviral Vector Titers and Measuring Transgene Expression (2003)

The use of lentiviral vectors for basic research and potential future clinical applications requires methodologies that can accurately determine lentiviral titers and monitor viral transgene expression within target cells, beyond the context of reporter genes typically used for this purpose. Here we describe a quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) method that achieves both goals using primer sequences that are specific for the woodchuck hepatitis virus posttranscriptional regulatory element (WPRE), an enhancer contained in many retroviral vectors and that is incorporated in the 3' UTR of nascent transgene transcripts. Quantitation of titers of three recombinant lentiviruses, genetically identical except for the transgene, demonstrated consistent differences in titer that were likely due to transgene-associated toxicity in producer cells and target cells. Viruses encoding the tumor-associated antigens tyrosinase and neo-poly(A) polymerase yielded reproducibly lower titers than a virus encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) at the viral RNA, integrated DNA, and transgene mRNA levels, as measured by WPRE qPCR. Furthermore, the magnitude of differences in expression of the three transgenes in transduced target cells could not have been predicted by measuring vector DNA integration events. Since transgene expression in target cells is the most common goal of lentiviral transduction, and since methods to quantify transgene expression on the protein level are not always readily available, qRT-PCR based on a nucleotide sequence included in the transcript provides a useful tool for titering novel recombinant lentiviruses.
Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells Express Functional Serotonin-2A (5HT2A) Receptors: Role in IOP Reduction (2006)

Strong signals for 5HT2A and 5HT2B receptor mRNAs were detected in h-TM cells. The receptors that coupled to PI hydrolysis and [Ca2+]i mobilization in h-TM cells were the 5HT2A receptor subtype, which also significantly lowered IOP in a primate model. These receptors may mediate the ocular hypotensive actions of 5HT2A agonists.
Dancing DNA in Capillary Solution Electrophoresis (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDancing DNA in Capillary Solution ElectrophoresisC. Carlsson, A. Larsson, M. Jonsson, and B. NordenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 13, 3871–3872Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00118a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00118a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views94Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Incentivizing Exploration In Reinforcement Learning With Deep Predictive Models (2015)

Achieving efficient and scalable exploration in complex domains poses a major challenge in reinforcement learning. While Bayesian and PAC-MDP approaches to the exploration problem offer strong formal guarantees, they are often impractical in higher dimensions due to their reliance on enumerating the state-action space. Hence, exploration in complex domains is often performed with simple epsilon-greedy methods. In this paper, we consider the challenging Atari games domain, which requires processing raw pixel inputs and delayed rewards. We evaluate several more sophisticated exploration strategies, including Thompson sampling and Boltzman exploration, and propose a new exploration method based on assigning exploration bonuses from a concurrently learned model of the system dynamics. By parameterizing our learned model with a neural network, we are able to develop a scalable and efficient approach to exploration bonuses that can be applied to tasks with complex, high-dimensional state spaces. In the Atari domain, our method provides the most consistent improvement across a range of games that pose a major challenge for prior methods. In addition to raw game-scores, we also develop an AUC-100 metric for the Atari Learning domain to evaluate the impact of exploration on this benchmark.
A role for recombinant activated factor VII in trauma? (2002)

It is possible that recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) could revolutionize the medical and surgical management of haemorrhage following trauma due to its ease of administration and mechanism of action. This article reviews the evidence for the use of rFVIIa as a procoagulant, its mechanism of action and its potential role in blunt and penetrating trauma. The role of rFVIIa in the emergency room or operating theatre and in the pre-hospital environment is discussed. Administration of rFVIIa `at the roadside’ may have signifi cant potential implications, especially for the trauma surgeon and even for strategic planners. Finally, the areas where further research is needed to provide objective evidence of its effi cacy are elaborated.