gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adrenergic regulation of brown adipocyte differentiation (1996)

Conference Article| May 01 1996 Adrenergic regulation of brown adipocyte differentiation B. Cannon; B. Cannon 1The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories F3, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J. Nedergaard J. Nedergaard 1The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories F3, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1996) 24 (2): 407–412. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0240407 Article history Received: November 27 1995 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation B. Cannon, J. Nedergaard; Adrenergic regulation of brown adipocyte differentiation. Biochem Soc Trans 1 May 1996; 24 (2): 407–412. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0240407 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1996 Biochemical Society1996 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Genome-Wide Analysis of Pain-, Nerve- and Neurotrophin -Related Gene Expression in the Degenerating Human Annulus (2012)

Findings point to the utility of microarray analyses in identification of pain-, neurotrophin and nerve-related genes in the disc, and point to the importance of future work exploring functional interactions between nerve and disc cells in vitro and in vivo. Nerve, pain and neurotrophin ontology searches identified numerous changes in proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines which also have significant relevance to disc biology. Since the degenerating human disc is primarily an avascular tissue site into which disc cells have contributed high levels of proinflammatory cytokines, these substances are not cleared from the tissue and remain there over time. We hypothesize that as nerves grow into the human annulus, they encounter a proinflammatory cytokine-rich milieu which may sensitize nociceptors and exacerbate pain production.
Long-Term Evolutionary Stability of Bacterial Endosymbiosis in Curculionoidea: Additional Evidence of Symbiont Replacement in the Dryophthoridae Family (2008)

Bacterial intracellular symbiosis (endosymbiosis) is well documented in the insect world where it is believed to play a crucial role in adaptation and evolution. However, although Coleopteran insects are of huge ecological and economical interest, endosymbiont molecular analysis is limited to the Dryophthoridae family. Here, we have analyzed the intracellular symbiotic bacteria in 2 Hylobius species belonging to the Molytinae subfamily (Curculionoidea superfamily) that exhibit different features from the Dryophthoridae insects in terms of their ecology and geographical spanning. Fluorescence in situ hybridization has shown that both Hylobius species harbor rod-shaped pleiomorphic symbiotic bacteria in the oocyte and in the bacteria-bearing organ (the bacteriome), with a shape and location similar to those of the Dryophthoridae bacteriome. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequences, using the heterogeneous model of DNA evolution, has placed the Hylobius spp. endosymbionts (H-group) at the basal position of the ancestral R-clade of Dryophthoridae endosymbionts named Candidatus Nardonella but relatively distant from the S-clade of Sitophilus spp. endosymbionts. Endosymbionts from the H-group and the R-clade evolved more quickly compared with free-living enteric bacteria and endosymbionts from the S- and D-clades of Dryophthoridae. They are AT biased (58.3% A + T), and they exhibit AT-rich insertions at the same position as previously described in the Candidatus Nardonella 16S rDNA sequence. Moreover, the host phylogenetic tree based on the mitochondrial COI gene was shown to be highly congruent with the H-group and the R-clade, the divergence of which was estimated to be around 125 MYA. These new molecular data show that endosymbiosis is old in Curculionids, going back at least to the common ancestor of Molytinae and Dryophthoridae, and is evolutionary stable, except in 2 Dryophthoridae clades, providing additional and independent supplementary evidence for endosymbiont replacement in these taxa.
Effects of repetitive TMS on visually evoked potentials and EEG in the anaesthetized cat: dependence on stimulus frequency and train duration (2006)

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been shown to alter cortical excitability that lasts beyond the duration of rTMS application itself. High‐frequency rTMS leads primarily to facilitation, whereas low‐frequency rTMS leads to inhibition of the treated cortex. However, the contribution of rTMS train duration is less clear. In this study, we investigated the effects of nine different rTMS protocols, including low and high frequencies, as well as short and long applications (1, 3 and 10 Hz applied for 1, 5 and 20 min), on visual cortex excitability in anaesthetized and paralysed cats by means of visual evoked potential (VEP) and electroencephalography (EEG) recordings. Our results show that 10 Hz rTMS applied for 1 and 5 min significantly enhanced early VEP amplitudes, while 1 and 3 Hz rTMS applied for 5 and 20 min significantly reduced them. No significant changes were found after 1 and 3 Hz rTMS applied for only 1 min, and 10 Hz rTMS applied for 20 min. EEG activity was only transiently (&lt;20 s) affected, with increased delta activity after 1 and 3 Hz rTMS applied for 1 or 5 min. These findings indicate that the effects of rTMS on cortical excitability depend on the combination of stimulus frequency and duration (or total number of stimuli): short high‐frequency trains seem to be more effective than longer trains, and low‐frequency rTMS requires longer applications. Changes in the spectral composition of the EEG were not correlated to changes in VEP size.
Characterization of DNA polymerase induced by bacteriophage T5 with DNA containing single strand breaks. (1976)

DNA polymerase induced by bacteriophage T5 was purified and characterized using mainly circular duplex DNA of bacteriophage PM2 with single strand breaks formed by DNase I action. A purification procedure is described which has consistently yielded DNA polymerase preparations with only one detectable protein band after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of either native protein in Tris-glyase preparations utilized both denatured DNA and nicked DNA as primer-templates, although at 37 degrees the activity with denatured DNA was much greater. Polymerase activities with both kinds of primer-templates were shown to be associated with one phage-induced protein. DNA synthesis with nicked DNA as primer-template increased with increasing numbers of single strand breaks. Essentially all such breaks were repairable by ligase. Alkaline sucrose gradient centrifugation showed that synthesis occurred with the strand which had a single strand break as a primer yielding DNA longer than one phage DNA unit length. Newly synthesized DNA was covalently linked to the primer strand. Thus the synthesis very likely occurred by strand displacement; this is supported by electron micrographs shown in the Appendix.
C-Reactive Protein Mediates Protection from Lipopolysaccharide Through Interactions With FcγR (2002)

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a component of the acute phase response to infection, inflammation, and trauma. A major activity of acute phase proteins is to limit the inflammatory response. It has been demonstrated that CRP protects mice from lethal doses of LPS. In the mouse, CRP binds to the regulatory receptor, FcgammaRIIb, and to the gamma-chain-associated receptor, FcgammaRI. The goal ofthis study was to determine whether FcgammaRs are necessary for the protective effect of CRP. The ability of CRP to protect mice from a lethal dose of LPS was confirmed using injections of 500 and 250 micro g of CRP at 0 and 12 h. CRP treatment of FcgammaRIIb-deficient mice increased mortality after LPS challenge and increased serum levels of TNF and IL-12 in response to LPS. CRP did not protect FcR gamma-chain-deficient mice from LPS-induced mortality. Treatment of normal mice, but not gamma-chain-deficient mice, with CRP increased IL-10 levels following LPS injection. In vitro, in the presence of LPS, CRP enhanced IL-10 synthesis and inhibited IL-12 synthesis by bone marrow macrophages from normal, but not gamma-chain-deficient mice. The protective effect of CRP appears to be mediated by binding to FcgammaRI and FcgammaRII resulting in enhanced secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and the down-regulation of IL-12. These results suggest that CRP can alter the cytokine profile of mouse macrophages by acting through FcgammaR leading to a down-regulation of the inflammatory response.
Promotion Decisions (1986)

Management promotion decisions are of the utmost importance to an organisation. They determine the quality of future management and thus the continued vitality of the organisation.
Microprocessor-assisted screening techniques. (1982)

The important features of microprocessor design of medical instrumentation are discussed, and the Mammoscan dielectric breast scanner being developed in our laboratories is given as a specific example. The principles of dielectric breast scanning are explained, and the implementation of the technique in a working Mammoscan is is described. Typical results of Mammoscan examinations are given, including both normal and suspicious findings. Preliminary attempts at image classification are discussed, as well as the necessity of large-scale clinical data gathering for improving classification methods. The use of microprocessors makes devices such as the Mammoscan possible, both because of the power of microprocessor control and number handling, and because of its ability to store examination data locally and analyze it off-line at a central location.
Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-ones as adenosine receptor antagonists (1987)

A series of 21 1,3-dialkylpyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-ones substituted in the 5-position with various phenyl substituents has been synthesized and found to have affinity for the adenosine A1 receptor. The potency pattern due to substituents of the phenyl ring was found to parallel that found in a previously reported 1,3-dialkyl-8-phenylxanthine series. A quantitative structure-activity relationship was developed between these two series that correctly predicted the potencies of six additional 5-substituted pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidines that were synthesized during the course of the analysis. With use of the correlation as a guide, one additional 5-phenylpyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine containing a 4-[[(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino]sulfonyl substituent to improve aqueous solubility was prepared. On the basis of the high correlation between adenosine binding affinities of analogously substituted xanthines and pyrazolo-[4,3-d]pyrimidines and the close superposition of the heterocyclic rings and substituents that is apparent from molecular models of these two series, it is hypothesized they fit the receptor in an analogous fashion.
PEG-coated irinotecan cationic liposomes improve the therapeutic efficacy of breast cancer in animals. (2013)

PEG-coated irinotecan cationic liposomes had significant inhibitory effect against breast cancer in vitro and in vivo, hence providing a new strategy for treating breast cancer.
New Preparation for Oral Administration of Digestive Enzyme. Lactase Complex Microcapsules (1993)

Complex microcapsules which could protect therapeutic enzymes from inactivation in both the stomach and intestine were prepared. Thus, semipermeable microcapsules were first formed by enveloping the enzymes within spherical, ultrathin semipermeable membranes. To resist to the gastric juice, the semipermeable microcapsules were further encapsulated by enteric-soluble materials to form complex microcapsules. When the preparation passes into the intestine, the semipermeable microcapsules are released, thus the small molecules of substrates equilibrate rapidly across the semipermeable membrane to be reacted by the enveloped enzymes, and alimentary proteases remain outside. This complex microencapsulated lactase remained over 65% of its activity after 2 h simulation in gastric juice, and over 65% of its activity was retained after 6 h contact with pancreatin-containing simulated intestinal juice. By contrary, unencapsulated lactase lost immediately all of its activity under similar conditions.
An Exploratory Study of a Meditation-based Intervention for Binge Eating Disorder (1999)

The efficacy of a 6-week meditation-based group intervention for Binge Eating Disorder (BED) was evaluated in 18 obese women, using standard and eating-specific mindfulness meditation exercises. A single-group extended baseline design assessed all variables at 3 weeks pre-and post-, and at 1, 3, and 6 weeks; briefer assessment occurred weekly.Binges decreased in frequency, from 4.02/week to 1.57/week (p < .001), and in severity. Scores on the Binge Eating Scale (BES) and on the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories decreased significantly; sense of control increased. Time using eatingrelated meditations predicted decreases on the BES (r 5 .66, p < .01). Results suggest that meditation training may be an effective component in treating BED.
Chromosome 19 single-locus and multilocus haplotype associations with multiple sclerosis. Evidence of a new susceptibility locus in Caucasian and Chinese patients. (1997)

The significant chromosome 19q13.2 single-locus and multilocus haplotype associations with MS in Caucasian and Chinese patient samples indicate an effect from a nearby disease susceptibility locus. These initial observations are an encouraging step toward the description of non-HLA genetic susceptibility to MS.
Computing Pareto Optimal Coordinations on Roadmaps (2005)

We consider the coordination of multiple robots in a common environment, each robot having its own (distinct) roadmap. Our primary contribution is a classification of and exact algorithm for computing vector-valued (or Pareto) optima for collision-free coordination. We indicate the utility of new geometric techniques from CAT(0) geometry and give an argument that curvature bounds are the key distinguishing feature between systems for which the classification is finite and for those in which it is not.
InfoRadio on demand, WebTV and digiTaz-telecommerce case studies (1996)

This paper focuses on hybrid systems for pay-per-view services over the Internet using standard browsing tools. Considerations on how old media can translate into new media are given. In our workgroup we focus on integration of multimedia teleservices (MMTS) in World Wide Web (WWW), telecommerce applications and integration of classical media in WWW. We design prototypes of converters, multimedia services and distribution schemes. These are offered to Internet-aware content providers.
Selectivity and Types of Cell Death in the Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (NCLs) (2004)

Cloning of the individual genes that are mutated in the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), or Batten disease, has opened up new avenues of research into the pathogenesis of these fatal autosomal recessive storage disorders. Genetically accurate mouse models have now been generated for each major form of the disorder, together with several variant forms. Ongoing analysis of these mice is revealing significant new data about the staging and progression of disease phenotypes. Combined with data from human autopsy tissues and large animal models, it is now clear that neurodegeneration is initially selective in the NCL CNS, targeting specific regions and particular cell populations. There is also evidence of selective glial activation that appears to precede obvious neurodegeneration, becoming more widespread with disease progression. Currently, there is debate over the mechanisms of cell death that operate in each form of NCL, with evidence of both apoptosis and autophagy. It is likely that these mechanisms may encompass a spectrum of cell death events, depending upon the specific context of each neuronal population. Taken together, these data have significant clinical implications for the development and targeting of appropriate therapeutic strategies, and for providing the landmarks to judge their efficacy.
Alteration of the Substrate Specificity of a Modular Polyketide Synthase Acyltransferase Domain through Site-Specific Mutations (2001)

Cassette replacement of acyltransferase (AT) domains in 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase (DEBS) with heterologous AT domains with different substrate specificities usually yields the predicted polyketide analogues. As reported here, however, several AT replacements in module 4 of DEBS failed to produce detectable polyketide under standard conditions, suggesting that module 4 is sensitive to perturbation of the protein structure when the AT is replaced. Alignments between different modular polyketide synthase AT domains and the Escherichia coli fatty acid synthase transacylase crystal structure were used to select motifs within the AT domain of module 4 to re-engineer its substrate selectivity and minimize potential alterations to protein folding. Three distinct primary regions of AT4 believed to confer specificity for methylmalonyl-CoA were mutated into the sequence seen in malonyl-CoA-specific domains. Each individual mutation as well as the three in combination resulted in functional DEBSs that produced mixtures of the natural polyketide, 6-deoxyerythronolide B, and the desired novel analogue, 6-desmethyl-6-deoxyerythronolide B. Production of the latter compound indicates that the identified sequence motifs do contribute to AT specificity and that DEBS can process a polyketide chain incorporating a malonate unit at module 4. This is the first example in which the extender unit specificity of a PKS module has been altered by site-specific mutation and provides a useful alternate method for engineering AT specificity in the combinatorial biosynthesis of polyketides.
Regulation of the Nur77 Orphan Steroid Receptor in Activation-Induced Apoptosis (1995)

T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated apoptosis in immature thymocytes and T-cell hybridomas is calcium dependent and can be inhibited by cyclosporin A (CsA). Induction of the orphan steroid receptor Nur77 (NGFI-B) is required for activation-induced apoptosis. Here, we examined the regulation of Nur77 expression, in response to apoptotic TCR signals, which consists of kinase C and calcium pathways. We show that the major control of Nur77 induction is mediated by the calcium signaling pathway. In contrast, protein kinase C signals induce only a low level of Nur77 activity. Nur77 promoter activity parallels its protein levels. CsA decreases both Nur77 protein levels and promoter activity, and the kinetics of CsA inhibition of apoptosis correlates with a decrease in Nur77 protein levels. TCR signals and kinase C signals result in a similar level of Nur77 protein phosphorylation but mediate differential transactivation activity of Nur77. In addition, Nur77 promoter deletion analysis revealed two RSRF (related to serum-responsive factor) binding sites, which can confer calcium and CsA sensitivity on a heterologous promoter. Taken together, our data suggest that the levels of transcriptional induction of Nur77 play an important role during activation-induced apoptosis and that calcium signals regulate a novel CsA-sensitive nuclear factor required for Nur77 transcription in T cells.
Isolation and culture of endothelial cells from human bone marrow (1994)

Adhesive interactions between haemopoietic progenitor cells and bone marrow sinusoidal endothelium are potentially important in the homing of these cells back to the extravascular compartment of the marrow to re-establish haemopoiesis following stem cell transplantation. A simple method for the isolation and culture of human bone marrow endothelial cells is described using bone marrow aspirates obtained from patients undergoing bone marrow harvests for autologous or syngeneic bone marrow transplantation. The method is based on the selective binding of the lectin Ulex europaeus agglutinin-1 (UEA-1) to endothelial cells. Magnetic Dynabeads coupled with UEA-1 were incubated with single cell suspensions of bone marrow following red cell lysis, and bound cells were isolated with a magnet. The isolated cells demonstrated positive immunofluorescence staining for von Willebrand factor. Cells were plated onto tissue culture flasks coated with extracellular matrix derived from human umbilical vein endothelial cells in an endothelial serum-free medium together with 5% fetal calf serum for 24 h. Cells were then cultured in endothelial serum-free growth medium supplemented with 5% fetal calf serum, endothelial cell growth supplement and heparin. After 2-4 weeks in culture, two morphologically different cell populations can be identified. One has a polygonal spindle-shaped morphology with a rapid growth rate, the other a rounded morphology and a slow growth rate. Both populations have a vesiculated cytoplasm. Positive immunostaining of the cells was demonstrated with a number of endothelial cell markers including von Willebrand factor, and antibodies to ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, CD31 and BMA120. Weibel-Palade bodies were observed by electron microscopy. Culture of these cells will allow detailed in vitro studies of adhesion mechanisms in the homing of haemopoietic progenitor cells.
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 13 mutation that is associated with disease onset in infancy disrupts axonal pathfinding during neuronal development (2012)

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 13 (SCA13) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in the Kv3.3 voltage-gated potassium (K(+)) channel. SCA13 exists in two forms: infant onset is characterized by severe cerebellar atrophy, persistent motor deficits and intellectual disability, whereas adult onset is characterized by progressive ataxia and progressive cerebellar degeneration. To test the hypothesis that infant- and adult-onset mutations have differential effects on neuronal development that contribute to the age at which SCA13 emerges, we expressed wild-type Kv3.3 or infant- or adult-onset mutant proteins in motor neurons in the zebrafish spinal cord. We characterized the development of CaP (caudal primary) motor neurons at ∼36 and ∼48 hours post-fertilization using confocal microscopy and 3D digital reconstruction. Exogenous expression of wild-type Kv3.3 had no significant effect on CaP development. In contrast, CaP neurons expressing the infant-onset mutation made frequent pathfinding errors, sending long, abnormal axon collaterals into muscle territories that are normally innervated exclusively by RoP (rostral primary) or MiP (middle primary) motor neurons. This phenotype might be directly relevant to infant-onset SCA13 because interaction with inappropriate synaptic partners might trigger cell death during brain development. Importantly, pathfinding errors were not detected in CaP neurons expressing the adult-onset mutation. However, the adult-onset mutation tended to increase the complexity of the distal axonal arbor. From these results, we speculate that infant-onset SCA13 is associated with marked changes in the development of Kv3.3-expressing cerebellar neurons, reducing their health and viability early in life and resulting in the withered cerebellum seen in affected children.