gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel ion funnel for focusing ions at elevated pressure using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (1997)

The ability to effectively focus and transmit ions from relatively high pressure ion sources is a key factor that affects sensitivity and dynamic range in mass spectrometry. To improve upon the mass spectrometric sensitivity achievable with electrospray ionization sources a novel ion funnel interface has been developed and implemented with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The ion funnel effectively consists of a series of ring electrodes of progressively smaller internal diamter to which RF and DC electric fields are co-applied. The electric fields create a pseudo-potential causing the collisionally damped ions to be more effectively focused and transmitted as a collimated ion beam. The ion funnel concept we describe is supported by results of SIMION simulations, ion current measurements and implementation with a mass spectrometer. Electrospray ionization mass spectra for an initial ion funnel configuration demonstrated over an order of magnitude increase in signal relative to that of the instrument operated in its standard (capillary inlet-skimmer) configuration under similar conditions. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermally Cross-Linkable Hole-Transporting Materials for Improving Hole Injection in Multilayer Blue-Emitting Phosphorescent Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes (2008)

One of the most challenging tasks in fabricating multilayer polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) is to develop robust hole-transporting materials that possess matched energy level with indium tin oxide (ITO) anode and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of light-emitting polymers to facilitate efficient hole injection and transport. In this article, a series of thermally cross-linkable 4,4′,4′′-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA) derivatives have been synthesized to explore their function as efficient hole-transporting materials for blue-emitting electrophorphorescent devices. In particular, their excellent solvent resistance enables them to be used in the double hole-transporting layer (HTL) device configuration to facilitate cascade hole injection. The effects of cross-linking temperature and the functional group on the compatibility between two HTLs are investigated through optical and atomic force microscopy. When vinylbenzyl ether is used as the cross-linking group for TCTA, it shows the best compatibility with the bottom HTL. The resulting blue light-emitting device reaches a peak external quantum efficiency of 3.17%, corresponding to a current efficiency of 6.6 cd/A. These values are much higher than those of the PLEDs using conventional PEDOT/PSS as a single HTL. The improvements in the device performance are due to reduced hole-injection barrier and better electron/exciton confinement.
2i Maintains a Naive Ground State in ESCs through Two Distinct Epigenetic Mechanisms (2017)

Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are maintained in serum with leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) to maintain self-renewal and pluripotency. Recently, a 2i culture method was reported using a combination of MEK inhibition (MEKi) and GSK3 inhibition (GSK3i) with LIF to maintain ESCs in a naive ground state. How 2i maintains a ground state of ESCs remains elusive. Here we show that MEKi and GSK3i maintain the ESC ground state by downregulating global DNA methylation through two distinct mechanisms. MEK1 phosphorylates JMJD2C for ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. Therefore, MEKi increased JMJD2C protein levels but decreased DNMT3 expression. JMJD2C promotes TET1 activity to increase 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) levels. GSK3i suppressed DNMT3 expression, thereby decreasing DNA methylation without affecting 5hmC levels. Furthermore, 2i increased PRDM14 expression to inhibit DNMT3A/B protein expression by promoting G9a-mediated DNMT3A/B protein degradation. Collectively, 2i allows ESCs to maintain a naive ground state through JMJD2C-dependent TET1 activation and PRDM14/G9a-mediated DNMT3A/B protein degradation.
Immunological basis for the use of TNFalpha-blocking agents in ankylosing spondylitis and immunological changes during treatment. (2003)

TNFalpha is expressed in high amounts at the site of inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis, which provided the basis to initiate treatment studies with TNF-blocking agents. We could show that the immunological effects of infliximab and etanercept differ in patients with AS, although the clinical effect was similarly good. While infliximab induced a downregulation of the production of the T-helper 1-cytokines IFNgamma and TNFalpha, etanercept treatment triggered rather an upregulation of these cytokines secreted by T cells after in vitro stimulation.
The Novel Coronavirus – A Snapshot of Current Knowledge (2020)

Another animal to human transmission of a coronavirus occurred in December 2019 on a live animal market in the Chinese city of Wuhan causing an epidemic in China, reaching now different continents. This minireview summarizes the research literature on the virological, clinical and epidemiological aspects of this epidemic published until end of February 2020.
Isolation of cDNA clones for the human complement protein factor B, a class III major histocompatibility complex gene product. (1982)

cDNA clones corresponding to a major histocompatibility class III antigen, the complement protein factor B, have been isolated from a human adult liver cDNA library. The clones, ranging in size from 1.0 to 2.3 kilobases, were identified by direct hybridization with two synthetic oligonucleotide mixtures. Two regions of the factor B amino acid sequence, each with minimal ambiguity in codon assignment, were chosen for synthesis of the oligonucleotides. The sequences of two clones have been partially determined. They contain coding information for the amino acid sequence of the Bb fragment of factor B and the entire 3' -untranslated region.
Design and synthesis of herboxidiene derivatives that potently inhibit in vitro splicing (2021)

Herboxidiene is a potent antitumor agent that targets the SF3B subunit of the spliceosome. Herboxidiene possesses a complex structural architecture with nine stereocenters and design of potent less complex structures would be of interest as a drug lead as well as a tool for studying SF3B1 function in splicing. We investigated a number of C-6 modified herboxidiene derivatives in an effort to eliminate this stereocenter and, also to understand the importance of this functionality. The syntheses of structural variants involved a Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction as the key step. The functionalized tetrahydrofuran core has been constructed from commercially available optically active tri-O-acetyl-d-glucal. We investigated the effect of these derivatives on splicing chemistry. The C-6 alkene derivative showed very potent splicing inhibitory activity similar to herboxidiene. Furthermore, the C-6 gem-dimethyl derivative also exhibited very potent in vitro splicing inhibitory activity comparable to herboxidiene.
Transgenic Animal Models for the Study of Inherited Retinal Dystrophies (1999)

The retina is a complex tissue in the back of the eye containing the rod and cone photoreceptor cells and a network of interneurons that transfer visual information to the brain. The retina is susceptible to a variety of diseases that can lead to compromised vision or blindness. A significant fraction of retinal diseases has been established to have a clear genetic basis. The inherited retinal degenerations are typified by retinitis pigmentosa (RP), an affliction characterized by the gradual breakdown and degeneration of the photoreceptors. This group of debilitating conditions affects approximately 100,000 people of all ages in the United States (NIH 1998). In the elderly, the leading cause of visual loss is age-related macular degeneration (AMD), an eye disease of the macula, a small area in the retina that is responsible for the central vision used in high-resolution activities such as reading, sewing, and driving. A person with AMD gradually loses this clear central vision. It is estimated that AMD causes visual impairment in approximately 1.7 million of the 34 million Americans older than 65 yr (NIH 1997). These inherited diseases are progressive, and no therapies are in clinical use at the time of this writing (NIH 1998). There is a critical need to achieve a better understanding of the disease mechanism in these dystrophies in order to design rational therapies. To this end, a major research effort is under way to identify the cellular, molecular, and systemic factors involved in the pathophysiology of these diseases. Laboratory investigations are using many different approaches, including epidemiology, morphology, cell and molecular biology, and genetics.
Evolution of Red Organic Light-Emitting Diodes:  Materials and Devices (2004)

This short review surveys the development of red fluorescent materials for the application of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) that generate red electroluminescence (EL). The merit and problems of current dopant-based, either fluorescent or phosphorescent, red OLEDs will be addressed first. Materials that offer unique EL characteristics, such as narrow and saturated red EL as well as current density or voltage-independent EL efficiency, are discussed. In addition to dopant-based and assist dopant-based red OLEDs for comparison purposes, the survey emphasizes nondoped red OLEDs that are fabricated with the newly emerging red fluorophores as the host-emitter. The advantage of host-emitting nondoped OLEDs compared with traditional dopant-based red OLEDs is described in view of the chemical and device structures of these materials.
Investigational melatonin receptor agonists (2010)

Melatonergic agonists are suitable for phase-shifting circadian rhythms, and may be used for treating disorders related to circadian dysfunction including sleep difficulties. Facilitation of sleep onset is a general property, whereas promotion of sleep maintenance is demonstrable but not always fully sufficient. Details are especially available for tasimelteon. Support of insulin sensitivity may become a new area of application for compounds such as NEU-P11. Some drugs acting additionally as serotonergic antagonists display antidepressant properties.
Catalytic Metals, Ascorbate and Free Radicals: Combinations to Avoid (1996)

Trace levels of transition metals can participate in the metal-catalyzed Haber-Weiss reaction (superoxide-driven Fenton reaction) as well as catalyze the oxidation of ascorbate. Generally ascorbate is thought of as an excellent reducing agent; it is able to serve as a donor antioxidant in free radical-mediated oxidation processes. However, as a reducing agent it is also able to reduce redox-active metals such as copper and iron, thereby increasing the pro-oxidant chemistry of these metals. Thus ascorbate can serve as both a pro-oxidant and an antioxidant. In general, at low ascorbate concentrations, ascorbate is prone to be a pro-oxidant, and at high concentrations, it will tend to be an antioxidant. Hence there is a crossover effect. We propose that the "position" of this crossover effect is a function of the catalytic metal concentration. In this presentation, we discuss: (1) the role of catalytic metals in free radical-mediated oxidations; (2) ascorbate as both a pro-oxidant and an antioxidant; (3) catalytic metal catalysis of ascorbate oxidation; (4) use of ascorbate to determine adventitious catalytic metal concentrations; (5) use of ascorbate radical as a marker of oxidative stress; and (6) use of ascorbate and iron as free radical pro-oxidants in photodynamic therapy of cancer.
Transmission terahertz waveguide-based imaging below the diffraction limit (2005)

Using a terahertz line source from a near dispersion-free parallel plate waveguide, we demonstrate broad bandwidth imaging at terahertz frequencies with subwavelength image resolution. Terahertz radiation is coupled into a parallel plate waveguide with a 100μm plate spacing, which serves as the imaging aperture. The image data are collected as projections and the final image is reconstructed using the filtered back-projection algorithm, similar to that in x-ray computed tomography. Images taken using a waveguide-based line source demonstrate higher resolution than can be achieved using a confocal cylindrical lens setup.
Near-field optical data storage using a solid immersion lens (1994)

A near-field optical technique, using a new type of solid immersion lens (SIL), has been developed and applied to the writing and reading of domains in magneto-optic material. The SIL is a truncated glass sphere which serves to increase the numerical aperture of the optical system by n2, where n is the index of refraction of the lens material. Using a SIL made from n=1.83 glass and illuminating with 780 nm light, we have achieved a 317 nm spot size. We have resolved a 500 nm period grating, and written and read 350 nm diameter magnetic domains. The technique should be capable of a 125 nm focused spot size using blue light.
High levels of CD34+CD38low/-CD123+ blasts are predictive of an adverse outcome in acute myeloid leukemia: a Groupe Ouest-Est des Leucemies Aigues et Maladies du Sang (GOELAMS) study (2011)

The percentage of CD34(+)CD38(low/-)CD123(+) leukemic cells at diagnosis was significantly correlated with response to treatment and survival. This prognostic marker might be easily adopted in clinical practice to rapidly identify patients at risk of treatment failure.
Synthesis of the 6- and 7-hydroxy-5,8-dioxocarbostyrils (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of the 6- and 7-hydroxy-5,8-dioxocarbostyrilsGeorge R. Pettit, Wayne C. Fleming, and Kenneth D. PaullCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 3, 1089–1092Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01267a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01267a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views498Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Second Series of Field Experiments in Lincolnshire on the Chemical Treatment of Soil infected with Heterodera schachtii (1938)

Previous experiments on the application of ferric oxide or of calcium cyanamide to “potato-sick” land were carried out at the Kirton Agricultural Institute. The results were reported by Hurst &amp; Franklin (1937), and indicated that ferric oxide had no effect either on the yield of potatoes or on the hatching of H. schachtii larvae, but that calcium cyanamide showed promise and was worthy of further trial. Experiments with this chemical were, by the kind permission of Mr. J. C. Wallace, Principal of the Kirton Agricultural Institute, and with the co-operation of Mr. J. Wood, A.R.C.S., continued for a second year.
Estimation of Blood Velocities Using Ultrasound: A Signal Processing Approach (1996)

Ultrasound systems are especially useful in estimating blood velocities in the human body because they are noninvasive and can display an estimate in real time. This book offers a comprehensive treatment of this relatively new, important technology
Reactions of Indole. IV.1 The Synthesis of Some Aminoindoles (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Indole. IV.1 The Synthesis of Some AminoindolesHerbert E. Johnson and Donald G. CrosbyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 10, 2794–2797Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01045a073https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01045a073research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views254Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Enhanced expression of membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase in mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. (1998)

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2, gelatinase A) is involved in the inflammatory and sclerotic events of glomerular diseases. Newly identified membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMP) have been shown to activate specifically proMMP-2. To date, several types of MT-MMP have been cloned; however, their expressions in glomerular diseases have not been evaluated. To investigate the role of MT-MMP in glomerular diseases, the glomerular gene expression and enzymatic activity of MT-MMP were examined during the time course of nephritis induced in rats by anti-Thy1.1 antibody injection. Both MT1-MMP and MMP-2 mRNA expression increased prominently 5 and 10 d after anti-Thy1.1 antibody injection and decreased thereafter, as assayed by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR. In contrast, there were no remarkable changes in the gene expression of MT2-MMP between normal and diseased tissue, and that of MT3-MMP was not detected in isolated glomeruli by reverse transcription-PCR analysis. The activation of proMMP-2 as analyzed by gelatin zymography correlated with the glomerular MT1-MMP gene expression, suggesting that proMMP-2 was activated by MT1-MMP. Protein and mRNA expression of fibronectin, one of the major mesangial matrix proteins and substrate of MMP-2, were also synchronized with MT1-MMP and MMP-2 expression. In situ hybridization revealed intense MT1-MMP mRNA expression in the proliferating mesangial cells. Interestingly, MT1-MMP gene expression exhibited a similar distribution as alpha-smooth muscle actin expression, which was closely associated with mesangial phenotypic change. These results suggest that among the newly identified MT-MMP, MT1-MMP may play the central role in activation of proMMP-2. Furthermore, the enhancement of MT1-MMP and MMP-2 expression associated with mesangial phenotypic change may contribute to the development of anti-Thy1.1 antibody-induced glomerulonephritis and remodeling of extracellular matrices.
Accommodation Amplitude After Lens Refilling With Injectable Silicone by Sealing the Capsule With a Plug in Primates (1998)

The lens refilling procedure with the use of a silicone plug for sealing the capsular opening was feasible in primate eyes. The accommodation amplitude attained was a small fraction of the value before surgery. This may result from the loss of so-called intracapsular accommodation, ie, active participation of lens fiber cells in accommodation. However, since the obtained accommodation may be sufficient for near vision after cataract surgery, this lens refilling procedure warrants further study. Elucidation of the mechanism of intracapsular accommodation may also be necessary.
Proper Time for Definitive Transtibial Prosthetic Fitting (1997)

The authors examined postoperative volume changes of residual limbs to identify the proper time for definitive transtibial prosthetic fitting (the point in time at which the residual-limb volume has stabilized). The number of stockings in the socket was used as a criterion for good or bad prosthetic fitting. Residual-limb volume changes of 11 transtibial amputees were followed for approximately 160 days. The volume was determined by laser scanning with the CAPOD® system. The authors found the volume changes could be characterized by a simple power function. The range of volume reduction after 160 days was 17 percent to 35 percent. Using a two-stocking criterion (10-percent reduction of volume), the criterion was fulfilled by all patients at 100 days postamputation; with a one-stocking criterion (5-percent reduction of volume), the criterion was fulfilled by 120 days postamputation. From these data, the authors recommend fitting with a temporary prosthesis as early as possible, and the change to a definitive prosthesis should occur four months postoperatively.
Snorre Subsea Tree and Completion Equipment (1991)

ABSTRACT The Snorre Subsea Production System (SPS) is an innovative 10 + 10 well facility which will be tied back to the Snorre tension leg platform (Figure 1). The Snorre SPS (Figure 2) will be installed in 1100 ft (335 m) of water, 93 miles (150 km) off the west coast of Norway in the northern sector of the North Sea2. The SPS installation is scheduled for the spring of 1992, with drilling and completion of the first subsea well slated for the fall of 1992. In general, field-proven components have been used wherever possible, with new technology being extensively verified and tested prior to installation. To the extent practical, the drilling and completion equipment designs also use field-proven components. These components have been combined in a unique manner to produce a safe and reliable system which: (1) employs guidelineless, remotely-operated techniques for deployment, installation, and retrieval of the various subsea modules, (2) provides through flow line (TFL) maintenance capability, (3) uses metal seals and welded constructions for connections on permanently-installed equipment, (4) minimizes the number of hydraulic functions on the subsea tree, and (5) has been specifically designed to enhance the safety of simultaneous drilling and production operations. This paper explains the basic design features of the Snorre subsea tree and completion equipment. In addition, a brief description of the equipment is provided.