gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tall Fescue Endophyte Detection: Commercial Immunoblot Test Kit Compared with Microscopic Analysis (1999)

A reliable, efficient, and accurate detection method for presence of the endophytic fungus Neotyphodiurn coenophialum (Morgan‐ Jones and Gams) Glenn, Bacon, and Hanlin comb. nov. in tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) seed and plant tissue would be beneficial for tall fescue breeding and seed lot analysis. This experiment was conducted to determine the accuracy, reliability, and reproducibility of the Phytoscreen Neotyphodium immunoblot detection kit (Agrinostics Ltd. Co., Watkinsville, GA). Tissue immunoblot was compared with histological staining followed by microscopic analysis on tall fescue tillers from a greenhouse grow‐out test, field grown spaced plants, established field paddocks, and different tall fescue seed lots. Endophyte‐infected and endophyte‐free tall fescue populations were evaluated by both methods. Results obtained by both methods were similar regardless of the infection level of the population, type of tissue assayed, or the technician that conducted the assay. The immunoblot detection kit was accurate and reliable and readily accommodated large numbers of samples.
Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptors Activate Both Inhibitory and Stimulatory Growth Mechanisms in NIH3T3 Cells (1999)

Activation of G(q) protein-coupled receptors can either stimulate or inhibit cell growth. Previously, these opposite effects were explained by differences in the cell models. Here we show that activation of m3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors ectopically expressed in NIH3T3 cells can cause stimulation and inhibition of growth in the same cell. A clonal cell line was selected from cells that formed foci agonist dependently (3T3/m3 cells). In quiescent 3T3/m3 cells, carbachol stimulated DNA synthesis. In contrast, when 3T3/m3 cells were growing, either due to the presence of serum or after transformation with oncogenic v-src, carbachol inhibited growth. This inhibition was not due to reduction of extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity because carbachol induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation in both quiescent and growing 3T3/m3 cells. Investigating the cell cycle mechanisms involved in growth inhibition, we found that carbachol treatment decreased cyclin D1 levels, increased p21(cip1) expression, and led to hypophosphorylation of the retinoblastoma gene product (Rb). Proteasome inhibitors blocked the carbachol-induced degradation of cyclin D1. Effects on p21(cip1) were blocked by a protein kinase C inhibitor. Thus, m3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors couple to both growth-stimulatory and -inhibitory signaling pathways in NIH3T3 cells, and the observed effects of receptor activation depend on the context of cellular growth.
Mice Lacking Expression of the Chemokines Ccl21-Ser and Ccl19 (plt Mice) Demonstrate Delayed but Enhanced T Cell Immune Responses (2001)

The paucity of lymph node T cells (plt) mutation leads to a loss of CCL21 and CCL19 expression in secondary lymphoid organs. plt mice have defects in the migration of naive T cells and activated dendritic cells into the T cell zones of lymphoid organs, suggesting that they would have defects in T cell immune responses. We now demonstrate T cell responses in plt mice are delayed but ultimately enhanced. Responses to contact sensitization are decreased at day 2 after priming but increased at day 6. After subcutaneous immunization, antigen-specific T cell proliferation and cytokine production in plt mice are increased and remain markedly elevated for at least 8 wk. Compared with wild-type mice, a proportion of T cell response in plt mice are shifted to the spleen, and prior splenectomy reduces the T cell response in draining lymph nodes. After immunization of plt mice, T cells and dendritic cells colocalize in the superficial cortex of lymph nodes and in splenic bridging channels, but not in T cell zones. These results demonstrate that plt mice mount robust T cell responses despite the failure of naive T cells and activated dendritic cells to enter the thymus dependent areas of secondary lymphoid organs.
Germline Transmission of a Novel Rat Embryonic Stem Cell Line Derived from Transgenic Rats (2012)

Germline-competent rat embryonic stem (ES) cell lines are important resources for the creation of mutant rat models using ES-cell-based gene targeting technology. The ability to isolate germline-competent ES cell lines from any rat strain, including genetically modified strains, would allow for more sophisticated genetic manipulations without extensive breeding. Sprague Dawley (SD) males carrying an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) transgene were used as the founder animals for the derivation of ES cell lines. A number of ES cell lines were established and subjected to rigorous quality control testing that included assessment of pluripotency factor expression, karyotype analysis, and pathogen/sterility testing. Two male ES cell lines, SD-Tg.EC1/Rrrc and SD-Tg.EC8/Rrrc, were injected into blastocysts recovered from a cross of Dark Agouti (DA) males with SD females. Resulting chimeric animals were bred with wild-type SD mates to verify the germline transmissibility of the ES cell lines by identifying pups carrying the ES cell line-derived EGFP transgene. While both ES cell lines gave rise to chimeric animals, only SD-Tg.EC1 was germline competent. This confirms the feasibility of deriving germline-competent ES cell lines from transgenic rat strains and provides a novel ES cell line with a stable green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter for future genetic manipulations to create new rat models.
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for herpes simplex virus (HSV) studied using adenovirus vectors expressing HSV glycoproteins (1990)

In previous work, we observed that H-2k-restricted herpes simplex virus (HSV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were effectively able to lyse transfected target cells expressing HSV glycoprotein C (gC), but not cells expressing gB, gD or gE. To confirm and extend our observations on the specificity of anti-HSV CTLs, recombinant adenovirus (Ad) vectors able to express HSV-1 gB or gC (AdgB2 or AdgC) were constructed. Syngeneic target cells infected with AdgB2 were efficiently lysed by primary H-2b and H-2d, but not by H-2k-restricted HSV-specific CTL. Limiting dilution studies indicated that 4 to 10% of H-2b-restricted HSV-specific CTLs recognize gB. H-2k, H-2b and H-2d-restricted anti-HSV-1 CTLs were unable to lyse AdgC-infected syngeneic target cells. To examine the apparent discrepancy between the previous results involving transfected H-2k cells expressing gC and the present results involving AdgC-infected cells, gC-expressing cell lines used in previous experiments were subcloned and retested in CTL assays. DC2 cells which were lysed by HSV-specific CTLs in the previous experiments remained sensitive to anti-HSV CTLs but two other clones derived from the same transfection were not lysed. Further, L cells transfected with the gC or gD gene coupled to the mouse mammary tumour virus promoter and capable of expressing high levels of the glycoproteins following dexamethasone induction were not lysed by H-2k-restricted anti-HSV CTLs. These results suggest that HSV-specific CTLs do not recognize gC, at least when it is expressed using an Ad vector and in most transfected cell lines, whereas a significant proportion of anti-viral CTLs recognize gB presented in some but not all murine haplotypes.
Seven-Membered Heterocycles. III. Homoallylic Resonance and a Unique Sulfur Extrusion Reaction in Seven-Membered Sulfur Heterocycles1-3 (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSeven-Membered Heterocycles. III. Homoallylic Resonance and a Unique Sulfur Extrusion Reaction in Seven-Membered Sulfur Heterocycles1-3Vincent J. Traynelis and Joel R. Livingston Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 5, 1092–1097Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01028a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01028a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views61Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High‐resolution simultaneous voltage and Ca2+ imaging (2010)

Combining voltage and Ca(2+) imaging allows the correlation of electrical and chemical activity at sub-cellular level. Here we describe a novel apparatus designed to obtain simultaneous voltage and Ca(2+) measurements with single-trial resolution from sites as small as a few microns. These measurements can be obtained with negligible optical cross-talk between the two signals and negligible photo-damage of the preparation. The capability of the technique was assessed recording either from individual neurons in brain slices or from networks of cultured neurons. The present achievements open the gate to many novel physiological investigations requiring simultaneous measurement of voltage and Ca(2+) signals.
Purification and characterization of a cyclohexanol dehydrogenase from Rhodococcus sp. TK6 (2002)

Activity staining on the native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of a cell-free extract of Rhodococcus sp. TK6, grown in media containing alcohols as the carbon source, revealed at least seven isozyme bands, which were identified as alcohol dehydrogenases that oxidize cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone. Among the alcohol dehydrogenases, cyclohexanol dehydrogenase II (CDH II), which is the major enzyme involved in the oxidation of cyclohexanol, was purified to homogeneity. The molecular mass of the CDH II was determined to be 60 kDa by gel filtration, while the molecular mass of each subunit was estimated to be 28 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The CDH II was unstable in acidic and basic pHs, and rapidly inactivated at temperatures above 40°C. The CDH II activity was enhanced by the addition of divalent metal ions, like Ba 2+ and Mg 2+ . The purified enzyme catalyzed the oxidation of a broad range of alcohols, including cyclohexanol, trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diol, trans-cyclopentane-1,2-diol, cyclopentanol, and hexane-1,2-diol. The K m values of the CDH II for cyclohexanol, trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diol, cyclopentanol, trans-cyclopentane-1,2-diol, and hexane-1,2-diol were 1.7, 2.8, 14.2, 13.7, and 13.5 mM, respectively. The CDH II would appear to be a major alcohol dehydrogenase for the oxidation of cyclohexanol. The N-terminal sequence of the CDH II was determined to be TVAHVTGAARGIGRA. Furthermore, based on a comparison of the determined sequence with other short chain alcohol dehydrogenases, the purified CDH II was suggested to be a new enzyme.
Hungarian Environmental Law and Biodiversity Protection (2000)

A review of the state of the law on biodiversity protection in Hungary. Current ecological conditions. Early measures, going back to 1961, embracing a number of surprisingly modern principles. The recent legislation, on general environmental protection rules; nature conservation; the protection of forests; the regulation of hunting and the protection of wild fauna, and on genetic technology. The principles underlying the Hungarian legislation. Relationship with EU biodiversity strategy and the process of harmonisation.
Proteolysis in Severe Sepsis is Related to Oxidation of Plasma Protein (2002)

Severe sepsis results in oxidation of plasma proteins and this precedes and is related to the loss of body protein.
Towards the ubiquitous visualization: Adaptive user-interfaces based on the Semantic Web (2010)

This manuscript presents an infrastructure that contributes to ubiquitous information. Advances in Ambient Intelligence may help to provide us with the right information at the right time, in an appropriate manner and through the most suitable device for each situation. It is therefore crucial for such devices to have contextual information; that is, to know the person or persons in need of information, the environment, and the available devices and services. All of this information, in appropriate models, can provide a simplified view of the real world and let the system act more like a human and, consequently, more intelligently. A suitable context model is not enough; proactive user interface adaptation is necessary to offer personalized information to the user. In this paper, we present mechanisms for the management of contextual information, reasoning techniques and adaptable user interfaces to support visualization services, providing functionality to make decisions about what and how available information can be offered. Additionally, we present the ViMos framework, an infrastructure to generate context-powered information visualization services dynamically.
ROCR: visualizing classifier performance in R (2005)

tobias.sing@mpi-sb.mpg.de.
The Gene Encodes the Low Affinity Zinc Transporter in (1996)

Zinc accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae occurs through either of two uptake systems. A high affinity system is active in zinc-limited cells, and the ZRT1 gene encodes the transporter protein of this system. In this study, we characterized the low affinity system that is active in zinc-replete cells. The low affinity system is time-, temperature-, and concentration-dependent and prefers zinc over other metals as its substrate. Our results suggest that the ZRT2 gene encodes the transporter of this system. The amino acid sequence of Zrt2p is remarkably similar to those of Zrt1p and Irt1p, an Fe2+ transporter from Arabidopsis thaliana. Overexpressing ZRT2 increased low affinity uptake, whereas disrupting this gene eliminated that activity, but had little effect on the high affinity system. Therefore, the high and low affinity systems are separate uptake pathways. Analysis of the zinc levels required for growth of zrt2 mutant strains as well as the effects of the zrt2 mutation on the regulation of the high affinity system demonstrated that the low affinity system is a biologically relevant mechanism of zinc accumulation. Finally, a zrt1zrt2 mutant was viable, indicating the existence of additional zinc uptake pathways.
LI. A contribution to the theory of electrocapillarity (1913)

(1913). LI. A contribution to the theory of electrocapillarity. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 25, No. 148, pp. 475-481.
Selective Formation of Formic Acid, Oxalic Acid, and Carbon Monoxide by Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide (1987)

Abstract Selective formation of formic acid, oxalic acid, and carbon monoxide by electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) is demonstrated using several metallic electrodes in aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes. The electrode metals catalyze the electrochemical reduction of CO2 and are classified to three groups according to their main products from CO2. In and Pb electrodes as well as Hg electrodes are useful for the selective formation of formic acid by electrochemical reduction of CO2 in aqueous electrolytes. In the case of nonaqueous electrolytes, Pb, Hg, and Tl are useful for oxalic acid, and In, Zn, Au, and Sn electrodes are useful for carbon monoxide. Also, reaction mechanisms of CO2 electrochemical reduction are discussed.
Pharmacological cardioversion of recent onset atrial fibrillation (2004)

This editorial refers to “Flecainide versus ibutilide for immediate cardioversion of atrial fibrillation of recent onset”1 by J. Reisinger et al. on page 1318

Atrial fibrillation is the most common, clinically relevant arrhythmia with a prevalence of about 2% in the general population. The symptoms in atrial fibrillation are primarily caused by fast ventricular rates, which can be controlled by using the atrio-ventricular node blocking drugs or, even more effectively, by converting atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm. Although the traditional treatment options available to treat atrial fibrillation are rhythm control versus ventricular rate control, the best method to control ventricular rate, however, is by conversion to sinus rhythm. Even though the reported rate of spontaneous conversion is up to 50%, in the first 24 h after the onset of atrial fibrillation, the earlier restoration of sinus rhythm by cardioversion will result in an early alleviation of the patient's symptoms, will eliminate the need for the use of atrio-ventricular node blocking drugs for rate control, will decrease the chances of thromboembolism, will prevent tachycardia-related cardiomyopathy, and will lessen atrial mechanical dysfunction and electrophysiological remodelling. Atrial electrophysiological remodelling, which begins to take place within a few hours of the initiation of atrial fibrillation, results in a decreased atrial refractoriness that may facilitate atrial fibrillation and decrease the chances of successful cardioversion. Moreover, the post-conversion atrial stunning, a phenomenon clearly responsible for post-conversion thromboembolism, is also related to the duration of atrial fibrillation, which makes the case even stronger for an early conversion to sinus rhythm.1 Therefore, if it is decided to restore sinus rhythm, why not attempt it as soon as possible?

The most efficient and immediate method of atrial fibrillation cardioversion is by direct electric current, which is successful in 80–90% of cases. The potential drawbacks of direct current … 

*Correspondence to: Ijaz A. Khan, Division of Cardiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 South Greene Street, S3B06, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. Tel.: +1-410-328-2251; fax: +1-410-328-2255  E-mail address: ikhan{at}medicine.umaryland.edu
Modeling the joint density of two images under a variety of transformations (2011)

We describe a generative model of the relationship between two images. The model is defined as a factored three-way Boltzmann machine, in which hidden variables collaborate to define the joint correlation matrix for image pairs. Modeling the joint distribution over pairs makes it possible to efficiently match images that are the same according to a learned measure of similarity. We apply the model to several face matching tasks, and show that it learns to represent the input images using task-specific basis functions. Matching performance is superior to previous similar generative models, including recent conditional models of transformations. We also show that the model can be used as a plug-in matching score to perform invariant classification.
Discovery of prostate cancer biomarkers by microarray gene expression profiling (2009)

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in males in the Western world. This review focuses on advances in biomarker discovery for prostate cancer by microarray profiling of mRNA and microRNA expression. Novel biomarkers are strongly needed to enable more accurate detection of prostate cancer, improve prediction of tumor aggressiveness and facilitate discovery of new therapeutic targets for tailored medicine. Promising molecular markers identified from gene expression profiling studies include AMACR, EZH2, TMPRSS2-ERG, miR-221 and miR-141, which are described in more detail. In addition, a compilation of prognostic gene expression signatures for prediction of prostate cancer patient outcome is provided, and their possible clinical utility is discussed. Furthermore, limitations in the application of microarray-based expression profiling for identification of prostate cancer biomarkers are addressed.
Second-Order Elastic Deformation of Solids (1953)

Expressions for the velocities of elastic waves in stressed solids are derived using Murnaghan's theory of finite deformations and third-order terms in the energy. For isotropic materials, in addition to the Lam\'e constants $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ and $\ensuremath{\mu}$, three additional constants, $l$, $m$, and $n$, are required to describe the material.By measuring the transmission time of elastic pulses through the material, the velocities of longitudinal and shear waves are determined as a function of applied stress. By subjecting the material to hydrostatic pressure as well as simple compression, it is found that seven functions of the three constants $l$, $m$, and $n$ can be measured and thus numerical values calculated. Results are given for polystyrene, iron, and Pyrex glass.
Origins (2009)

Although the kind of things that social workers do — helping people in distress, trying to improve the resources of those in need, keeping the vulnerable safe — have been done as far back as anyone can remember, it is generally acknowledged that social work as a recognized practice began to take shape in the nineteenth century.
Upper limb ischemic preconditioning prevents recurrent stroke in intracranial arterial stenosis (2012)

This study provides a proof-of-concept that BAIPC may be an effective way to improve cerebral perfusion and reduce recurrent strokes in patients with IAS. Further investigation of this therapeutic approach is warranted as some patients were excluded after randomization.
The C9 methyl group of retinal interacts with glycine-121 in rhodopsin (1997)

The visual pigment rhodopsin is a prototypical G protein-coupled receptor. These receptors have seven transmembrane helices and are activated by specific receptor-ligand interactions. Rhodopsin is unusual in that its retinal prosthetic group serves as an antagonist in the dark in the 11-cis conformation but is rapidly converted to an agonist on photochemical cis to trans isomerization. Receptor-ligand interactions in rhodopsin were studied in the light and dark by regenerating site-directed opsin mutants with synthetic retinal analogues. A progressive decrease in light-dependent transducin activity was observed when a mutant opsin with a replacement of Gly121 was regenerated with 11-cis-retinal analogues bearing progressively larger R groups (methyl, ethyl, propyl) at the C9 position of the polyene chain. A progressive decrease in light activity was also observed as a function of increasing size of the residue at position 121 for both the 11-cis-9-ethyl- and the 11-cis-9-propylretinal pigments. In contrast, a striking increase of receptor activity in the dark-i.e., without chromophore isomerization-was observed when the molecular volume at either position 121 of opsin or C9 of retinal was increased. The ability of bulky replacements at either position to hinder ligand incorporation and to activate rhodopsin in the dark suggests a direct interaction between these two sites. A molecular model of the retinal-binding site of rhodopsin is proposed that illustrates the specific interaction between Gly121 and the C9 methyl group of 11-cis-retinal. Steric interactions in this region of rhodopsin are consistent with the proposal that movement of transmembrane helices 3 and 6 is concomitant with receptor activation.