gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis with acute renal failure (author's transl)]. (1979)

Icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis is a zoonosis which is relatively frequent in rural agricultural or cattle areas. In the severe forms of the disease renal affection is frequent, but the incidence of acute renal insufficiency is far lesser. Three cases of acute renal insufficiency in adult male patients secondary to an infection by Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae are presented. Two of the patients resided in urban areas and only one of which presented professional risk. The clinical polymorphysm of the illness is confirmed, having observed not only the absence of fever but also that of jaundice. The former history of chronic alcoholism, present in two cases, determined diagnostic difficulties with acute alcoholic hepatitis. The serologic diagnosis is often positive only at the end of the second week, and the need to carry out a series of seroaglutinations is to be insisted upon. The types of renal impairment in leptospirosis are reviewed and the presence of acute renal insufficiency is stressed, including those patients with less severe forms of the disease, and especially those without Weil's syndrome. All of the patients had to be treated with dialysis, although two of them had a conserved diuresis after an initial brief period of oliguria.
A Novel Germ-Line Point Mutation in RET Exon 8 (Gly533Cys) in a Large Kindred with Familial Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (2003)

Familial medullary thyroid carcinoma is related to germ-line mutations in the RET oncogene, mainly in cysteine codon 10 or 11, whereas noncysteine mutations in codons 13-15 are rare. We now report a new missense point mutation in exon 8 of the RET gene (1597G-->T) corresponding to a Gly(533)Cys substitution in the cysteine-rich domain of RET protein in 76 patients from a 6-generation Brazilian family with 229 subjects, with ascendants from Spain. It is likely that the mutation causes familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC), because no other mutation was found in RET, the mutation cosegregates with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) or C cell hyperplasia (CCH) in patients subjected to surgery, and family members without the mutation are clinically unaffected. The histological analysis of 35 cases submitted to thyroidectomy revealed that 21 patients had MTC after the age of 40 yr and 8 before the age of 40 yr, 4 presented MTC or CCH before the age of 18 yr, 2 died due to MTC at the age of 53 and 60 yr, and CCH was found in a 5-yr-old child, suggesting a clinical heterogeneity. To improve the diagnosis of FMTC, analysis of exon 8 of RET should be considered in families with no identified classical RET mutations.
Cognitive functioning in adults with Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (2001)

The ADHD subjects showed a deficit in executive control, but this deficit was not confined to the executive control domain.
Semidominant suppressors of Srs2 helicase mutations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae map in the RAD51 gene, whose sequence predicts a protein with similarities to procaryotic RecA proteins. (1992)

Eleven suppressors of the radiation sensitivity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae diploids lacking the Srs2 helicase were analyzed and found to contain codominant mutations in the RAD51 gene known to be involved in recombinational repair and in genetic recombination. These mutant alleles confer an almost complete block in recombinational repair, as does deletion of RAD51, but heterozygous mutant alleles suppress the defects of srs2::LEU2 cells and are semidominant in Srs2+ cells. The results of this study are interpreted to mean that wild-type Rad51 protein binds to single-stranded DNA and that the semidominant mutations do not prevent this binding. The cloning and sequencing of RAD51 indicated that the gene encodes a predicted 400-amino-acid protein with a molecular mass of 43 kDa. Sequence comparisons revealed homologies to domains of Escherichia coli RecA protein predicted to be involved in DNA binding, ATP binding, and ATP hydrolysis. The expression of RAD51, measured with a RAD51-lacZ gene fusion, was found to be UV- and gamma-ray-inducible, with dose-dependent responses.
Polo, a mitotic mutant of Drosophila displaying abnormal spindle poles (1988)

Neuroblast cells in larvae homozygous for mutant alleles of the locus polo show a high frequency of metaphases in which the chromosomes have a circular arrangement, and anaphase figures in which chromosomes appear to be randomly oriented with respect to at least one of the spindle poles. These defects appear to lead to the production of polyploid cells. Sex chromosome disjunction is affected in male meiosis, primarily in the second division, and the meiotic spindles of living cells are abnormal. One allele is a larval lethal, whereas another is semi-lethal with about 7% of homozygotes surviving as adults. Embryos from homozygous polo females have aberrant mitotic spindles that are highly branched and have broad poles. Immunofluorescence studies with an antibody that recognizes an antigen associated with the centrosome indicate that the organization of this organelle is disrupted in the mutant embryos.
Fitness effects of advantageous mutations in evolving Escherichia coli populations (2001)

The central role of beneficial mutations for adaptive processes in natural populations is well established. Thus, there has been a long-standing interest to study the nature of beneficial mutations. Their low frequency, however, has made this class of mutations almost inaccessible for systematic studies. In the absence of experimental data, the distribution of the fitness effects of beneficial mutations was assumed to resemble that of deleterious mutations. For an experimental proof of this assumption, we used a novel marker system to trace adaptive events in an evolving Escherichia coli culture and to determine the selective advantage of those beneficial mutations. Ten parallel cultures were propagated for about 1,000 generations by serial transfer, and 66 adaptive events were identified. From this data set, we estimate the rate of beneficial mutations to be 4 x 10(-9) per cell and generation. Consistent with an exponential distribution of the fitness effects, we observed a large fraction of advantageous mutations with a small effect and only few with large effect. The mean selection coefficient of advantageous mutations in our experiment was 0.02.
Daxx and histone deacetylase II associate with chromatin through an interaction with core histones and the chromatin-associated protein Dek (2002)

Human Daxx is a protein that functions, in part, as a transcriptional co-repressor through its interaction with a growing number of nuclear, DNA-associated proteins. To determine the mechanism by which hDaxx represses transcription, we used conventional chromatography to isolate endogenous hDaxx. We determined that hDaxx has an apparent molecular weight of 360 kDa, which is consistent with the fact that multiple domains of hDaxx are required for transcriptional repression and suggests that hDaxx associates with multiple proteins. Using co-fractionation and co-immunoprecipitation we demonstrate that hDaxx associates with proteins that are critical for transcriptional repression, such as histone deacetylase II, constituents of chromatin such as core histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4, and Dek, a chromatin-associated protein reported to change the topology of DNA in chromatin in vitro. We also demonstrate a requirement for the SPT domain and the first paired amphipathic helix of hDaxx for its association with histone deacetylase II and acetylated histone H4, respectively. Finally, we provide evidence suggesting that the association of hDaxx with chromatin-related proteins is dependent on the post-translational phosphorylation status of hDaxx. A working model for the repressive action of hDaxx through its association with chromatin related proteins is presented.
π-Allyltricarbonyliron lactone complexes in synthesis: application to the synthesis of the β-lactam antibiotic (+)-thienamycin (1984)

Synthesis of an enantiomerically pure β-lactam intermediate used in the preparation of the antibiotic (+)-thienamycin is described, by suitable elaboration of a functionalised π-allyltricarbonyliron complex.
Peptide Tertiary Structure Nucleation by Side‐Chain Crosslinking with Metal Complexation and Double “Click” Cycloaddition (2008)

Dimerization assist: Folding-incompetent peptides are restored to dimerization capability by side-chain crosslinking using both Ni2+–histidine complexation and a novel double “click” cycloaddition between the i and i+4 azidoalanine residues and synthetic bisalkyne linkers. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2268/2008/z800040_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Serum Cotinine Levels, Smoking, and Periodontal Attachment Loss (1996)

Cigarette smoking and tobacco use have been the subjects of numerous studies for many years. Smoking has also been associated with periodontal disease. However, no relationship between a reliable biochemical marker and increased severity of the periodontal condition has yet been described. It was thus the aim of this study to apply the measurement of cotinine, the major metabolite of nicotine, as a quantitative method to assess levels of smoking, and to correlate serum levels of cotinine with severity of periodontal disease. The degree of association between smoking and periodontal attachment loss was investigated in a study including 79 patients 25 to 64 years old suffering from periodontitis. Patients were examined and the following parameters recorded: Gingival Assessment (GA), Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL), and Bone Crest Height (BCH). In addition, self-reported histories of tobacco use as well as blood samples for quantitative analysis of serum levels of cotinine were taken. The serum samples were analyzed for cotinine content by means of a competitive-inhibition ELISA technique. The differences in mean cotinine levels were statistically significant (p = 0.0001) between smokers and non-smokers, showing no overlap between the groups. Severity of periodontal attachment loss was positively correlated with serum levels of cotinine for both measures of periodontal disease (CAL p = 0.005; BCH p = 0.008). Results from the present study indicate that serum cotinine levels used as a biochemical marker of smoking status are correlated with severity of periodontal attachment loss.
Lipid Changes in the Eye Concomitant with the Development of Atherosclerosis in the Aorta in the Rabbit (1968)

The lipid changes that occur in the eyes and aortas of male Dutch belted rabbits maintained on 1% dietary cholesterol for 1 to 3 months were studied. In the cornea, iris, ciliary body, and aorta, the most noteworthy lipid change was in tissue cholesterol, which increased with increased time of feeding cholesterol. The phospholipid content of all the tissues increased to a lesser extent but followed the same pattern as cholesterol with respect to time. No changes in tissue triglyceride could be detected during the experimental period. The iris had the capacity to accumulate large amounts of cholesterol. The total iridic tissue (average wet weight, 75 mg/rabbit) accumulated an average of 10.2 mg of cholesterol after the rabbit had eaten a 1% cholesterol diet for 3 months; the average increase was 14.2 mg in aortic tissue (average wet weight = 380 mg/rabbit). The severity of disease graded visually correlated with the cholesterol concentration in the cornea and aorta. Using cholesterol concentration as the criterion, no significant correlation between aortic and corneal disease was found ( P &gt;0.10), but a good degree of correlation ( P &lt;0.01) existed between the severity of iridic and aortic involvement over the 3-month experimental period.
Fortnightly review: Magic bullet for obesity (1998)

Who would not rejoice to find a magic bullet that we could fire into obese people to make them permanently slim and healthy? In the United States about a third of adults are obese—that is, have a body mass index (weight(kg)/height(m)2)) above 27.1 The diagnosis can be made with reasonable accuracy by anyone. Obese people appear “chunky” and usually have some abdominal protuberance with or without unsightly thighs. Tens of billions of dollars are spent on diets, pills, spas, or special foods and advice on behavioural change. Any scientific discovery that deals with food intake or obesity quickly becomes a “hot item” for the media. The best seller list usually contains a book giving recommendations for a new diet or mixture of diet and behaviour that assures successful weight control. Medical authorities, particularly public health officials, warn the public of the rising prevalence and hazards of obesity. A recent editorial in the New England Journal of Medicine documented the failures of current treatment and questioned the benefits of weight loss while reminding us of the strong correlation of obesity with disorders such as hypertension and diabetes.2 Since current treatment so often fails, only a magic bullet would allow us to perform an experiment to determine the full benefit of weight loss. Are we on the brink of finding a drug which will solve the problem? ### Summary points
A metric for distributions with applications to image databases (2002)

We introduce a new distance between two distributions that we call the Earth Mover's Distance (EMD), which reflects the minimal amount of work that must be performed to transform one distribution into the other by moving "distribution mass" around. This is a special case of the transportation problem from linear optimization, for which efficient algorithms are available. The EMD also allows for partial matching. When used to compare distributions that have the same overall mass, the EMD is a true metric, and has easy-to-compute lower bounds. In this paper we focus on applications to image databases, especially color and texture. We use the EMD to exhibit the structure of color-distribution and texture spaces by means of Multi-Dimensional Scaling displays. We also propose a novel approach to the problem of navigating through a collection of color images, which leads to a new paradigm for image database search.
Stimulation of in vitro murine lymphocyte proliferation by bacterial DNA (1991)

Although DNA is generally considered to be a poor immunogen, recent evidence suggests that DNA from various species differ in their immunologic activity and that bacterial DNA, unlike mammalian DNA, can induce significant antibody responses in mice. To explore further the immunologic activities of bacterial DNA, its ability to stimulate in vitro proliferation of murine lymphocytes was tested. The stimulation of lymphocytes with highly purified ssDNA from Escherichia coli resulted in a dose-dependent response that was maximal at 48 h. Several lines of evidence indicate that DNA, rather than endotoxin contamination, induced this response: 1) LPS at doses equivalent to those detected in the DNA preparation caused significantly less proliferation than the DNA; 2) the response to DNA was insensitive to polymyxin B; 3) pretreatment of DNA with DNase completely abrogated the response; and 4) DNA induced the proliferation of cells from endotoxin-resistant C3H/HeJ mice. Furthermore, although DNA from three different bacterial species induced proliferation, mammalian DNA from three species were nonmitogenic. Depletion of T cells from lymphocytes did not reduce proliferation, suggesting that bacterial DNA directly triggered B cell proliferation. These studies provide further evidence that DNA are not uniform in their immunologic activities likely because of their content of nonconserved structural determinants.
On-chip out-of-plane high-Q inductors (2003)

Integrating high-Q inductors on semiconductor circuits has been an elusive goal for years due primarily to the eddy current losses and skin effect resistance associated with in-plane spiral inductors. Three-dimensional out-of-plane coils reduce eddy current and skin effect losses by virtue of their geometry and magnetic field orientation. However, out-of-plane coils were not deemed producible by standard semiconductor fabrication methods. This paper reports on a novel use of conventional semiconductor processing techniques to batch-fabricate three-dimensional high-Q inductors on a wide range of insulating or active semiconductor substrates. Thin molybdenum-chromium films are sputter deposited with an engineered built-in stress gradient so that, when patterned and released from their substrate, they curl into circular springs. These springs self-assemble into three-dimensional scaffolds that form highly conductive windings after being copper plated. Quality factors up to 85 are observed at 1 GHz on standard CMOS silicon. The in-circuit microcoil performance is also compared in BiCMOS silicon L-C oscillators to that of state-of-the-art planar spirals with slotted grounds.
Characterization of the Co2+ and Ni2+ binding amino‐acid residues of the N‐terminus of human albumin (2001)

Patients suffering from myocardial ischemia reportedly exhibit reduced in vitro binding of exogenous Co(2+) to the N-terminal of human serum albumin (HSA). The purpose of our investigation was to simulate changes in the N-terminus of HSA that may account for these ischemia-induced modifications to the cobalt binding site. HPLC, LC-MS and (1)H NMR analyses have shown that the N-terminal region of HSA Asp-Ala-His-Lys binds the transition metals Co(2+) and Ni(2+). Synthetic peptides with the first 2-12 amino acids of the HSA sequence demonstrated that the first three amino acids, Asp-Ala-His, are essential for strong binding of cobalt. Modification of the N-terminus peptide of HSA by way of N-acetylation or the deletion of one or more amino acid resulted in no binding of cobalt. Because the degradation of the susceptible, specific transition metal binding site of HSA may account for the decreased cobalt binding observed during ischemic events, an assay that detects this reduced binding could be useful in the diagnosis of ischemia.
Techniques and software architectures for medical visualisation and image processing (2005)

This thesis presents a flexible software platform for medical visualisation and image processing, a technique for the segmentation of the shoulder skeleton from CT data and three techniques that make contributions to the field of direct volume rendering. Our primary goal was to investigate the use of visualisation techniques to assist the shoulder replacement process. This motivated the need for a flexible environment within which to test and develop new visualisation and also image processing techniques with a medical focus. The Delft Visualisation and Image processing Development Environment, or DeVIDE, was created to answer this need. DeVIDE is a graphical data-flow application builder that combines visualisation and image processing techniques, supports the rapid creation of new functional components and facilitates a level of interaction with algorithm code and parameters that differentiates it from similar platforms. For visualisation, measurement and pre-operative planning, an accurate segmentation from CT data of the bony structures of the shoulder is required. Due to the complexity of the shoulder joint and the fact that a method was required that could deal with diseased shoulders, existing techniques could not be applied. In this thesis we present a suite of techniques for the segmentation of the skeletal structures from CT data, especially designed to cope with diseased shoulders. Direct volume rendering, or DVR, is a useful visualisation technique that is often applied as part of medical visualisation solutions. A crucial component of an effective DVR visualisation is a suitable transfer function that assigns optical characteristics to the data. Finding a suitable transfer function is a challenging task. We present two highly interactive methods that facilitate this process. We also present a method for interactive direct volume rendering on ubiquitous low-end graphics hardware. This method, called ShellSplatting, is optimised for the rendering of bony structures from CT data and supports the hardware-assisted blending of traditional surface rendering and direct volume rendering. This characteristic is useful in surgical simulation applications. ShellSplatting is based on the object-order splatting of discrete voxels. As such, maintaining a correct back-to-front or front-to-back ordering during rendering is crucial for correct images. All existing real-time perspective projection visibility orderings show artefacts when splatting discrete voxels. We present a new ordering for perspective projection that remedies these artefacts without a noticeable performance penalty.
9/Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) (1986)

No abstract available for this article.
Parameter-scheduled trajectory planning for suppression of coupled horizontal and vertical vibrations in a flexible rod (2002)

Angularly accelerating a cantilevered rod which sags under gravity couples the out-of-lane dynamics of the flexible rod and causes oscillation in both the horizontal and vertical planes. A parameter-scheduled trajectory planner has been analytically developed and experimentally implemented on a commercial robot to suppress the first mode of these vibrations during a horizontal angular move. A load was attached to the tip of the rod and the resulting static, out-of-plane, hub torque was measured with a force-torque sensor. This torque was used to predict the period of the horizontal first mode of vibration of the payload (rod and attached load) from a nonlinear function in order to calculate (schedule) the appropriate control parameters for the angular move. This system has been implemented on a Cincinnati Milacron T3-786 robot, and vibration-suppressed trajectories (which reduce the coupled residual vibrations by over 90%) have been performed by the robot for various payloads.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Finding prokaryotic genes by the ‘frame-by-frame’ algorithm: targeting gene starts and overlapping genes (1999)

mark@amber.gatech.edu.
Direct Measurements of the Interaction between Pyrene and Graphite in Aqueous Media by Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy:  Understanding the π−π Interactions (2007)

Pyrene derivatives can absorb onto the surface of carbon nanotubes and graphite particles through pi-pi interactions to functionalize these inorganic building blocks with organic surface moieties. Using single molecule force spectroscopy, we have demonstrated the first direct measurement of the interaction between pyrene and a graphite surface. In particular, we have connected a pyrene molecule onto an AFM tip via a flexible poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chain to ensure the formation of a molecular bridge. The pi-pi interaction between pyrene and graphite is thus indicated to be approximately 55 pN with no hysteresis between the desorption and adhesion forces.
Methionine Adenosyltransferase ( S ‐Adenosylmethionine Synthetase) and S ‐Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase (1984)

Introduction Bacterial Methionine Adenosyltransferase Methionine Adenosyltransferase of Yeast Methionine Adenosyltransferase in Animal Tissues Introduction Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase of Escherichia coli Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase in Animal Tissues
Introduction to Engineering Materials (1993)

Presents the fundamental science needed to understand the classification of materials and the limits of their properties in terms of temperature, strength, ductility, corrosion and physical behaviour, while emphasizing materials processing, selection and property measurement methods.