gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Environmentally compatible synthesis of catechol from D-glucose (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnvironmentally compatible synthesis of catechol from D-glucoseK. M. Draths and J. W. FrostCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9, 2395–2400Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00114a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00114a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views895Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Drug Therapy for Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease Prophylaxis (2000)

The mechanisms of many immunosuppressive drugs have been defined, allowing for a rational approach to the use of these agents in GVHD prophylaxis. In addition to standard drugs such as methotrexate, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, and glucocorticoids, new agents-mycophenolate mofetil, tresperimus, rapamycin, basiliximab, and daclizumab-are now part of the immunosuppressive armamentarium. Improved understanding of tolerance has resulted in new approaches to prevention of GVHD. Anti-CD40L, CTLA-4-Ig, tresperimus, and rapamycin are agents that are being explored in this area and have shown impressive results in animal models. Currently, the standard therapy for acute GVHD prophylaxis in matched sibling transplants remains cyclosporine and methotrexate. Lower dose methotrexate, particularly in combination with tacrolimus, has shown good results in single arm studies with low toxicity, but this has not been tested in a randomized study. For unrelated donor transplants there is less GVHD when tacrolimus, rather than cyclosporine, is combined with methotrexate; there seems little reason to use cyclosporine in this setting. GVHD is still the major barrier to more widespread use of unrelated donor transplants and improved regimens are needed. In vivo T-cell depletion using Campath-1 or ATG is being used in high-risk patients. Data on its efficacy are so far anecdotal. Due to the variation in grading of GVHD between centers, randomized studies are needed to quantify the relative merits of different regimens, and participation in such studies is encouraged.
Genomic analysis identifies association of Fusobacterium with colorectal carcinoma (2011)

The tumor microenvironment of colorectal carcinoma is a complex community of genomically altered cancer cells, nonneoplastic cells, and a diverse collection of microorganisms. Each of these components may contribute to carcinogenesis; however, the role of the microbiota is the least well understood. We have characterized the composition of the microbiota in colorectal carcinoma using whole genome sequences from nine tumor/normal pairs. Fusobacterium sequences were enriched in carcinomas, confirmed by quantitative PCR and 16S rDNA sequence analysis of 95 carcinoma/normal DNA pairs, while the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla were depleted in tumors. Fusobacteria were also visualized within colorectal tumors using FISH. These findings reveal alterations in the colorectal cancer microbiota; however, the precise role of Fusobacteria in colorectal carcinoma pathogenesis requires further investigation.
Particle Carriers for Combating Multidrug-Resistant Cancer (2013)

Multidrug resistance (MDR) in tumors accounts for significant treatment failure. Particle carriers offer potential benefits for treating cancer, including the ability to target tumors and to deliver multiple cargo, providing opportunities to overcome drug resistance. In this Perspective, we provide a brief introduction to the MDR mechanisms and implications of tumor heterogeneity that contribute to drug resistance. We also highlight recent advances in the design of particles aimed at treating resistant tumors through particle-based codelivery of therapeutics. Finally, we discuss future directions, where an increased understanding of the tumor biology can be leveraged to develop new and improved particle-based cancer therapies.
Content-adaptive Resolution E nhancement of Compressed Video with Encoder-Generated Side Information (2008)

In this paper we propose a technique to dynamically generate optimized filters for the resolution enhancement of compressed video. The filters are derived during the encoding and sent to the decoder for post-processing. By making use of the scene-level and pixel-level classification, we adapt the filters to both the global and local content. Our experiments show 1-2 dB gain in PSNR as compared to the state-of-the-art techniques with ignorable overhead. Furthermore, it also improves the subjective quality with sharper images and suppressed artifacts.
Induction of Interleukin-1 Associated with Compensatory Dopaminergic Sprouting in the Denervated Striatum of Young Mice: Model of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease (1998)

Young mice challenged with the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), which selectively destroys the substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain, exhibit spontaneous recovery of dopaminergic nerve terminals. However, such recovery becomes attenuated with age. Here we report that newly sprouted fibers originate from spared dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area. We found that interleukin-1 (IL-1), an immune response-generated cytokine that can enhance dopaminergic sprouting when exogenously applied, increased dramatically in the denervated striatum of young mice (2 months) compared with middle-aged mice (8 months) after MPTP treatment. Young mice displayed a maximal 500% induction of IL-1alpha synthesis that remained elevated for several weeks in the dorsal and ventral striatum, whereas middle-aged mice exhibited a modest 135% induction exclusively in the dorsal striatum for a week. IL-1alpha immunoreactivity was localized in GFAP-immunoreactive hypertrophied astrocytes and neurons within the denervated striatum of young mice. However, no induction of IL-1alpha mRNA was seen in the midbrain in either age group despite glial activation. Because we have reported that IL-1 can regulate astroglia-derived dopaminergic neurotrophic factors, it was surprising that no changes were observed in acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor or glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA levels associated with MPTP-induced plasticity of dopaminergic neurons in the striatum of young mice. Interestingly, we found that dopaminergic neurons express IL-1 receptors, thus suggesting that IL-1alpha could directly act as a target-derived dopaminergic neurotrophic factor to initiate or enhance the sprouting of dopaminergic axonal terminals. These findings strongly suggest that IL-1alpha could play an important role in MPTP-induced plasticity of dopaminergic neurons.
Carcinoembryonic antigen in breast cancer patients: Serum levels and disease progress (1974)

Serum CEA was evaluated in 69 patients with breast cancer and 17 with benign breast disease. Serum CEA was elevated (above 2.5 ng/ml) in 6 of 22 patients (27%) with primary cancer without clinical evidence of distant metastases, and in 37 of the 47 (79%) who had metastatic disease. Sixteen of 17 patients (94%) with benign cystic disease had values less than 2.5 ng/ml (1 was 2.9 ng/ml). Fourteen patients with metastases undergoing chemo- and hormonal therapy were studied by serial CEA estimations for 3 to 18 months, with a mean of 14 months. The trends of serial CEA values correlated with response to treatment.
Antioxidant Properties of Probiotic Bacteria (2017)

Oxidative stress defines a condition in which the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in the cell is disturbed, resulting in DNA hydroxylation, protein denaturation, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis, ultimately compromising cells' viability. Probiotics have been known for many beneficial health effects, and the consumption of probiotics alone or in food shows that strain-specific probiotics can present antioxidant activity and reduce damages caused by oxidation. However, the oxidation-resistant ability of probiotics, especially the underling mechanisms, is not properly understood. In this view, there is interest to figure out the antioxidant property of probiotics and summarize the mode of action of probiotic bacteria in antioxidation. Therefore, in the present paper, the antioxidant mechanisms of probiotics have been reviewed in terms of their ability to improve the antioxidant system and their ability to decrease radical generation. Since in recent years, oxidative stress has been associated with an altered gut microbiota, the effects of probiotics on intestinal flora composition are also elaborated.
Inhibition ofSmoothenedSignaling Prevents Ultraviolet B-Induced Basal Cell Carcinomas through Regulation of Fas Expression and Apoptosis (2004)

Abnormal activation of the hedgehog-signaling pathway is the pivotal abnormality driving the growth of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), the most common type of human cancer. Antagonists of this pathway such as cyclopamine may therefore be useful for treatment of basal cell carcinomas and other hedgehog-driven tumors. We report here that chronic oral administration of cyclopamine dramatically reduces ( approximately 66%) UVB induced basal cell carcinoma formation in Ptch1(+/-) mice. Fas expression is low in human and murine basal cell carcinomas but is up-regulated in the presence of the smoothened (SMO) antagonist, cyclopamine, both in vitro in the mouse basal cell carcinoma cell line ASZ001 and in vivo after acute treatment of mice with basal cell carcinomas. This parallels an elevated rate of apoptosis. Conversely, expression of activated SMO in C3H10T1/2 cells inhibits Fas expression. Fas/Fas ligand interactions are necessary for cyclopamine-mediated apoptosis in these cells, a process involving caspase-8 activation. Our data provide strong evidence that cyclopamine and perhaps other SMO antagonists are potent in vivo inhibitors of UVB-induced basal cell carcinomas in Ptch1(+/-) mice and likely in humans because the majority of human basal cell carcinomas manifest mutations in PTCH1 and that a major mechanism of their inhibitory effect is through up-regulation of Fas, which augments apoptosis.
A Continuous Glucose Sensor Based on Wired Enzyme ™ Technology - Results from a 3-Day Trial in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes (2003)

Wired Enzyme (Therasense, Alameda, CA) sensing technology for continuous measurement of in vivo glucose concentrations offers the benefits of (1). excellent sensor stability, (2). reduced susceptibility to variations of in vivo oxygen concentration, and (3). minimized response to common electroactive interferents. This study describes the response of 48 sensors (25 in the upper arm, 23 in the abdomen) implanted for 3 days in patients with Type 1 diabetes. Prospective calibration was performed using capillary blood; results were compared with venous plasma glucose values obtained at 15-min intervals. Ninety-eight percent of readings fell in the clinically accurate Clarke error grid zone A or clinically acceptable zone B. Choice of the site of the implanted sensor (upper arm vs. abdomen) or the capillary blood calibration site (arm vs. finger) did not affect system accuracy.
Gene silencing mediated by promoter homology occurs at the level of transcription and results in meiotically heritable alterations in methylation and gene activity (1996)

The promoter homology-dependent inactivation of a 35Spro-hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) gene, which is present at the H2 locus, by the multipurpose 271 silencing locus has been studied. The 271 locus can silence any gene under the control of the 35Spro as well as endogenous nitrite reductase (NiR) genes of tobacco because of the presence of a chimeric antisense gene (35Spro-RiN). All F1 progeny of a cross between homozygous H2 and 271 lines were sensitive to hygromycin and were chlorotic (a symptom of nitrogen deficiency). These phenotypes were accompanied by a reduction in the steady-state levels of Hyg and NiR transcripts. Transcriptional run-on experiments indicated, however, that while NiR silencing occurred post-transcriptionally, the hpt gene was inactivated at the transcriptional level; this was associated with increased methylation of the 35Spro of the hpt gene. NiR gene expression recovered uniformly to wild-type levels in first generation backcross (BC1) progeny that did not inherit the 271 locus. In contrast, hygromycin resistance was only partially and non-uniformly regained among adult BC1 plants. Moreover, substantial silencing of the hpt gene could persist into the BC2 generation. Genomic sequencing demonstrated that the meiotic heritability of hpt silencing in the absence of the 271 locus was correlated with cytosine methylation primarily at CpG and CpNpG residues. Despite this residual methylation, H2 loci weakened by an association with 271 did not acquire the ability to silence a 'naive' H2 locus. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed that the 271 locus was located at a telomere. The results strengthen the distinction between silencing effects involving homology restricted to coding or promoter regions, respectively. The former is a post-transcriptional process that is meiotically reversible; the latter is due to transcriptional inactivation and is associated with increased promoter methylation, which can lead to meiotically heritable reductions in target gene activity. The relevance of these data for the meiotic heritability of silencing, the non-transferability of silencing activity, and the basis of 271 silencing effects is discussed.
The activation of human skin fibroblast procollagenase. Sequence identification of the major conversion products. (1987)

Human skin collagenase is secreted by cultured fibroblasts in a proenzyme form and can be activated to a catalytically competent enzyme by a number of processes. All modes of activation studied lead to conversion of the proenzyme to a stable 42-kDa active enzyme, concomitant with removal of an 81-amino acid peptide from the amino-terminal end of the molecule. The sequence of events leading to the formation of this enzyme form has been determined by analyzing the primary structure of the conversion intermediates. Trypsin-induced activation of procollagenase occurs as a result of the initial cleavage of the peptide bond between Arg-55 and Asn-56, generating a major intermediate of 46 kDa. Treatment of the proenzyme with organomercurials, which have no intrinsic ability to cleave peptide bonds, initially results in activation of the enzyme without loss of molecular weight. This is followed by conversion to two lower molecular weight species of 44 and 42 kDa, the latter corresponding to the stable active enzyme form. The final cleavage producing this form of collagenase is not restricted to a single polypeptide bond but can occur on the amino-terminal side of any one of three contiguous hydrophobic residues, Phe-100, Val-101, Leu-102. The data suggest that both trypsin and organomercurials activate procollagenase by initiating an intramolecular autoproteolytic reaction resulting in the formation of a stable 42-kDa active enzyme species.
Surface-Based Gold-Nanoparticle Sensor for Specific and Quantitative DNA Hybridization Detection (2003)

We present a sensitive and easily regenerated nano-optical sensor based on immobilization of avidin-coated colloidal gold particles on a biotin-modified planar lipid bilayer supported on the walls of a quartz cuvette. The so constructed sensing template, being specific for capturing of biotinylated biomacromolecules, is analyzed using optical spectroscopy combined with Mie theory calculations for quantification of the colorimetric changes induced by biorecognition events in the interfacial region of the particles. By further utilizing de Feiter's formalism, which correlates changes in effective refractive index and thickness with adsorbed mass, a good agreement between the Mie theory and experiments is demonstrated. Furthermore, the template is proven sensitive enough to follow the hybridization kinetics of 15-mer fully complementary DNA strands without the introduction of labels or secondary signal amplification.
Toward Structural and Mechanistic Understanding of Transition Metal-Catalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Processes (2003)

Summary: Structural and mechanistic aspects of transition metal catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) were discussed. Structures of CuI and CuII active ATRP catalysts were investigated using various spectroscopic techniques and were found to be dependent on the nature of the complexing ligand, solvent and temperature. The overall equilibrium constant for ATRP was correlated with the redox potentials of CuI complexes with nitrogen based ligands and equilibrium constant for halogen dissociation from the corresponding CuII-X complexes. Additionally, various techniques to measure the kinetics of elementary reactions in the ATRP such as activation, deactivation and initiation rate constants were presented.
A Phase I Study of Chemically Synthesized Verotoxin (Shiga-like Toxin) Pk-Trisaccharide Receptors Attached to Chromosorb for Preventing Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome (1995)

A double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to document possible side effects associated with oral consumption of synthetic verotoxin (VT, shiga-like toxin) Pk-trisaccharide receptor sequences attached to Chromosorb (Synsorb-Pk) by healthy adult volunteers. Synsorb-Pk reclaimed from volunteer stool samples was also analyzed to determine if its VT-binding activity was affected by exposure to the pH extremes and digestive processes of the human gastrointestinal tract. No participant reported any Synsorb-Pk-related adverse reactions, and no clinically important trends in laboratory data were evident. Synsorb-Pk recovered from stools retained its ability to absorb VT in polymyxin extracts of VT-producing Escherichia coli and also neutralized VT when mixed in vitro with VT-positive stools from children with hemorrhagic colitis or hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). These results suggest a potential use for Synsorb-Pk in preventing HUS in patients infected with VT-producing E. coli.
Hypoxia and activated VEGF/receptor pathway in multiple myeloma. (2010)

HIFs and VEGF are up-regulated in a significant percentage of MM and are strongly related to each other. Targeting HIFs and the VEGF/receptor autocrine loop may prove of importance in the treatment of the disease.
3 Dimenions for Long Term Conditions - creating a sustainable bio-psycho-social approach to healthcare (2019)

The International Journal of Integrated Care (IJIC) is an online, open-access, peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes original articles in the field of integrated care on a continuous basis.IJIC has an Impact Factor of 5.120 (2020 JCR, received in June 2021)
MULTILISP: a language for concurrent symbolic computation (1985)

Multilisp is a version of the Lisp dialect Scheme extended with constructs for parallel execution. Like Scheme, Multilisp is oriented toward symbolic computation. Unlike some parallel programming languages, Multilisp incorporates constructs for causing side effects and for explicitly introducing parallelism. The potential complexity of dealing with side effects in a parallel context is mitigated by the nature of the parallelism constructs and by support for abstract data types: a recommended Multilisp programming style is presented which, if followed, should lead to highly parallel, easily understandable programs. Multilisp is being implemented on the 32-processor Concert multiprocessor; however, it is ultimately intended for use on larger multiprocessors. The current implementation, called Concert Multilisp , is complete enough to run the Multilisp compiler itself and has been run on Concert prototypes including up to eight processors. Concert Multilisp uses novel techniques for task scheduling and garbage collection. The task scheduler helps control excessive resource utilization by means of an unfair scheduling policy; the garbage collector uses a multiprocessor algorithm based on the incremental garbage collector of Baker.
REVIEW PAPER: Animals as Models of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2010)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative condition that begins in Bruch's membrane and progresses to involve the retinal pigment epithelium and ultimately the overlying photoreceptors. The only required etiologic factor is age, and AMD is regarded as the leading cause of blindness in individuals older than 65 years. AMD results from variable contributions of age, environment, and genetic predisposition. Many loci are linked to AMD; in the majority of cases, the disease is associated with polymorphisms within these genes, rather than mutations that ablate gene function. The etiologic complexity of AMD is reflected by the paucity of animal models that entirely replicate the human disease. This review compares the salient anatomy of the primate and rodent retina, particularly in the light of AMD pathology. It next discusses prevailing hypotheses explaining how AMD may develop. These include the role of complement activation and macrophage chemotaxis in AMD, molecular mechanisms of choroidal neovascularization, and the roles of oxidative damage and lipid metabolism. Finally, the article gives an overview of spontaneous and induced nonhuman primate models and describes relevant mouse models in the context of each pathogenetic mechanism.
Apnea MedAssist: Real-time Sleep Apnea Monitor Using Single-Lead ECG (2010)

We have developed a low-cost, real-time sleep apnea monitoring system ''Apnea MedAssist" for recognizing obstructive sleep apnea episodes with a high degree of accuracy for both home and clinical care applications. The fully automated system uses patient's single channel nocturnal ECG to extract feature sets, and uses the support vector classifier (SVC) to detect apnea episodes. "Apnea MedAssist" is implemented on Android operating system (OS) based smartphones, uses either the general adult subject-independent SVC model or subject-dependent SVC model, and achieves a classification F-measure of 90% and a sensitivity of 96% for the subject-independent SVC. The real-time capability comes from the use of 1-min segments of ECG epochs for feature extraction and classification. The reduced complexity of "Apnea MedAssist" comes from efficient optimization of the ECG processing, and use of techniques to reduce SVC model complexity by reducing the dimension of feature set from ECG and ECG-derived respiration signals and by reducing the number of support vectors.