gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serum amyloid P component prevents proteolysis of the amyloid fibrils of Alzheimer disease and systemic amyloidosis. (1995)

Extracellular deposition of amyloid fibrils is responsible for the pathology in the systemic amyloidoses and probably also in Alzheimer disease [Haass, C. & Selkoe, D. J. (1993) Cell 75, 1039-1042] and type II diabetes mellitus [Lorenzo, A., Razzaboni, B., Weir, G. C. & Yankner, B. A. (1994) Nature (London) 368, 756-760]. The fibrils themselves are relatively resistant to proteolysis in vitro but amyloid deposits do regress in vivo, usually with clinical benefit, if new amyloid fibril formation can be halted. Serum amyloid P component (SAP) binds to all types of amyloid fibrils and is a universal constituent of amyloid deposits, including the plaques, amorphous amyloid beta protein deposits and neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer disease [Coria, F., Castano, E., Prelli, F., Larrondo-Lillo, M., van Duinen, S., Shelanski, M. L. & Frangione, B. (1988) Lab. Invest. 58, 454-458; Duong, T., Pommier, E. C. & Scheibel, A. B. (1989) Acta Neuropathol. 78, 429-437]. Here we show that SAP prevents proteolysis of the amyloid fibrils of Alzheimer disease, of systemic amyloid A amyloidosis and of systemic monoclonal light chain amyloidosis and may thereby contribute to their persistence in vivo. SAP is not an enzyme inhibitor and is protective only when bound to the fibrils. Interference with binding of SAP to amyloid fibrils in vivo is thus an attractive therapeutic objective, achievement of which should promote regression of the deposits.
Phase Transfer Catalysed N-Monoalkylation of Amino Anthraquinones (1991)

Abstract 1-Alkylaminoanthraquinones ( 2 a-f) and 1,4-bisalkylaminoanthraquinones ( 4 a-c) were prepared from aminoanthraquinones ( 1,3 ) by alkylation with alkyl sulphate/alkyl halide in presence of powdered sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate and phase transfer catalyst.
In vitro antagonistic effect of Lactobacillus on organisms associated with bacterial vaginosis. (2002)

Lactobacillus strains taken from normal vaginal flora demonstrated antagonistic activity against a variety of bacteria related to vaginal and urinary tract infections. The specific occurrence rates of active Lactobacillus strains are different, and this difference is dependent on the indicator bacteria species.
An investigation of methods for enriching trophoblast from maternal blood (1995)

Trophoblast deportation is known to occur in normal human pregnancy, but it is not yet clear whether these cells routinely enter the maternal peripheral circulation and are available as a source of fetal DNA for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders. To resolve this issue requires an efficient method of enriching trophoblast from maternal blood combined with a means to confirm its identity. Five different techniques were tested on ten retroplacental blood samples to determine the most sensitive and operator-efficient method. Lysis of red cells alone gave the best recovery of trophoblast but had to be discounted, together with Ficoll density gradient centrifugation, due to the very low purity and the excessive time required. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) of pre-enriched trophoblast resulted in the lowest recovery rate (8 per cent) despite a 3250-fold enrichment and a very high purity. Immunomagnetic beads (Dynabeads) coated with anti-CD16 antibody proved to be the best method for the subsequent immunocytochemical characterization of deported trophoblast. However, IO beads coated with anti-CD45 antibody may be more useful for isolating trophoblast for prenatal diagnosis due to the high purity, enrichment (32-fold), and recovery rate (78 per cent) obtained with this method.
Synthesis of plasma-polymerized tetraethoxysilane and hexamethyldisiloxane films prepared by atmospheric pressure glow discharge (1995)

The synthesis of plasma-polymerized tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) thin films by atmospheric pressure glow (APG) discharge was investigated and the characteristics of this method were compared with those of low-pressure plasma-enhanced CVD (LPPECVD) methods. The obtained films had smooth surfaces, no pinholes and uniform thicknesses. The qualities of the films analysed by FTIR and XPS, and emission spectra during the reaction, were very similar to those observed in the LPPECVD. The relationship between the substrate temperature and the deposition rate was strongly dependent on the presence of oxygen; the deposition rate increased with increases in the substrate temperature in the presence of oxygen. This behaviour is uniquely characteristic of the APG discharge process. This is because the gas-phase reaction of the monomer decompositions is enhanced by atomic oxygen, and the reaction rates in the gas phase increase as the gas-phase temperature increases.
Structure−Activity Study on a Novel Series of Macrocyclic Inhibitors of the Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Protease Leading to the Discovery of BILN 2061 (2004)

From the discovery of competitive hexapeptide inhibitors, potent and selective HCV NS3 protease macrocyclic inhibitors have been identified. Structure-activity relationship studies were performed focusing on optimizing the N-terminal carbamate and the aromatic substituent on the (4R)-hydroxyproline moiety. Inhibitors meeting the potency criteria in the cell-based assay and with improved oral bioavailability in rats were identified. BILN 2061 was selected as the best compound, the first NS3 protease inhibitor reported with antiviral activity in man.
Reduction of Octane Requirement by Knock Sensor Spark Retard System (1978)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A 1975 California model automobile with an 8:1 C.R. 350 CID engine was modified by increasing the compression ratio to 9:1 which resulted in improved fuel economy. The higher NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; emissions were reduced to the base level by substituting a back pressure-controlled EGR unit for the original valve and increasing the EGR flow. Octane requirement was controlled by a knock sensor-actuated spark timing retard system. The knock sensor (accelerometer) is attached to one of the cylinder heads of the engine. When knock occurs, the vibration is picked up by the sensor, the signal is filtered to remove some of the engine background noise, and the knock pulse is detected. When the amplitude of the detected knock signal exceeds a threshold, the spark timing is retarded. When no knocking is detected over a waiting period, the timing is advanced back to its normal schedule. Using this system, the vehicle's octane requirement can be lowered several numbers with some performance debit, i.e., slower acceleration times.&lt;/div&gt;
Gibberellins and Stem Growth in Arabidopsis thaliana (Effects of Photoperiod on Expression of the GA4 and GA5 Loci) (1997)

Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. is a quantitative long-day (LD) rosette plant in which stem growth is mediated by gibberellins (CAs). Application of GAs to plants in short-day (SD) conditions resulted in rapid stem elongation and flower formation, with GA4 and GA9 being equally effective, and GA1 showing lower activity. The effects of photoperiod on the levels of endogenous GAs were measured by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring. When plants were transferred from SD to LD conditions there was a slight decrease in the level of GA53 and an increase in the levels of C19-GAs, GA9, GA20, GA1, and GA8, indicating that GA 20-oxidase activity is stimulated in LD conditions. Expression of GA5, which encodes GA 20-oxidase, was highest in elongating stems and was correlated with the rate of stem elongation. By contrast, GA4, which encodes 3 beta-hydroxylase, showed low expression in stems and its expression was not correlated with the rate of stem elongation. We conclude that stem elongation in LD conditions is at least in part due to increased expression of GA5, whereas expression of GA4 is not under photoperiodic control.
Role of Dicer and Drosha for Endothelial MicroRNA Expression and Angiogenesis (2007)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by binding to the cellular transcript leading to translational repression or degradation of the target mRNA. Dicer and Drosha are the miRNA processing enzymes that are required for the maturation of miRNAs. Here, we investigated the role of Dicer and Drosha for angiogenesis. Endothelial cells were transfected with siRNA against Dicer and Drosha to inhibit miRNA biogenesis. Genetic silencing of Dicer and Drosha significantly reduced capillary sprouting of endothelial cells and tube forming activity. Migration of endothelial cells was significantly decreased in Dicer siRNA-transfected cells, whereas Drosha siRNA had no effect. Silencing of Dicer but not of Drosha reduced angiogenesis in vivo. Next, we attempted to identify miRNAs expressed in endothelial cells. A screening analysis of 168 human miRNAs using real-time PCR revealed that members of the let-7 family, mir-21, mir-126, mir-221, and mir-222 are highly expressed in endothelial cells. Dicer and Drosha siRNA reduced lef-7f and mir-27b expression. Inhibitors against let-7f and mir-27b also reduced sprout formation indicating that let-7f and mir-27b promote angiogenesis by targeting antiangiogenic genes. In silico analysis of predicted targets for let-7 cluster identified the endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor thrombospondin-1. Indeed, Dicer and Drosha siRNA significantly increased the expression of thrombospondin-1. Taken together, transient reduction of the miRNA-regulating enzyme Dicer impairs angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, whereas Drosha siRNA induced a minor antiangiogenic effect in vitro and was not effective in vivo. The let-7 family and mir-27b appear to be attractive targets for modulating angiogenesis.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel 2,4-Diaminoquinazoline Derivatives as SMN2 Promoter Activators for the Potential Treatment of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (2008)

Proximal spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by death of motor neurons in the spinal cord that is caused by deletion and/or mutation of the survival motor neuron gene ( SMN1). Adjacent to SMN1 are a variable number of copies of the SMN2 gene. The two genes essentially differ by a single nucleotide, which causes the majority of the RNA transcripts from SMN2 to lack exon 7. Although both SMN1 and SMN2 encode the same Smn protein amino acid sequence, the loss of SMN1 and incorrect splicing of SMN2 have the consequence that Smn protein levels are insufficient for the survival of motor neurons. The therapeutic goal of our medicinal chemistry effort was to identify small-molecule activators of the SMN2 promoter that, by up-regulating gene transcription, would produce greater quantities of full-length Smn protein. Our initial medicinal chemistry effort explored a series of C5 substituted benzyl ether based 2,4-diaminoquinazoline derivatives that were found to be potent activators of the SMN2 promoter; however, inhibition of DHFR was shown to be an off-target activity that was linked to ATP depletion. We used a structure-guided approach to overcome DHFR inhibition while retaining SMN2 promoter activation. A lead compound 11a was identified as having high potency (EC50 = 4 nM) and 2.3-fold induction of the SMN2 promoter. Compound 11a possessed desirable pharmaceutical properties, including excellent brain exposure and long brain half-life following oral dosing to mice. The piperidine compound 11a up-regulated expression of the mouse SMN gene in NSC-34 cells, a mouse motor neuron hybrid cell line. In type 1 SMA patient fibroblasts, compound 11a induced Smn in a dose-dependent manner when analyzed by immunoblotting and increased the number of intranuclear particles called gems. The compound restored gems numbers in type I SMA patient fibroblasts to levels near unaffected genetic carriers of SMA.
Design of practical color filter array interpolation algorithms for digital cameras .2 (2002)

For pt.1 see Proceeding of SPIE, vol.3028, p.117-25, SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 1997. Single-chip digital cameras use a color filter array and subsequent interpolation strategy to produce full-color images. While the design of the interpolation algorithm can be grounded in traditional sampling theory, the fact that the sampled data is distributed among three different color planes adds a level of complexity. Existing interpolation methods are usually derived from general numerical methods that do not make many assumptions about the nature of the data. Significant computational economies, without serious losses in image quality can be achieved if it is recognized that the data is image data and some appropriate image model is assumed.
Retrodirective array using the heterodyne technique (1964)

A retrodirective array using a single microwave mixer to accomplish conjugate phase shift in each element is described. Reradiated patterns were measured for a four-element array to substantiate the predicted performance. This array has an advantage over the Van Atta array in that the elements are not restricted to being located on a plane surface. It is more efficient than the previously used method of employing two mixers to provide conjugate phase shift because of the reduction in converison loss and LO (local oscillator) power.
Polyether tethered oligonucleotide probes (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolyether tethered oligonucleotide probesSharon T. Cload and Alanna SchepartzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 16, 6324–6326Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00016a089https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00016a089research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views123Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Electroporated sperm mediation of a gene transfer system for finfish and shellfish (2000)

We investigated gene transfer in finfish and shellfish via electroporated sperm. The mobility of sperm, the fertilization rate, the hatching rate, gene transfer rate, and abnormality rate of derived embryos were primarily dependent on the voltage level and concentration of DNA during electroporation. Optimal conditions for sperm of each species of aquatic animals can be reached. Genome of the electroporated sperm was analyzed by PCR, and it was shown that an expected-sized product was amplified, corresponding to that of the transgene's amplification. Southern blotting also showed that a positive band located at the same position as the DNA fragment used for the transfer was found in the electroporated sperm after DNase treatment. When the genome isolated from embryos, larvae, juvenile, and adult individuals, all derived from sperm electroporated with foreign DNA molecules, was analyzed by PCR, the existence of foreign DNA was detected in some samples. The integration of the transferred DNA into the genome of transgenic samples was also shown by Southern blot analysis. There was a mosaic distribution of exogenous DNA in a wide variety of tissues analyzed. In addition to CAT activity being positive for the experimental larvae, the transferred GH gene was functional in transgenic finfish and shellfish and resulted in fast-growing transgenic varieties. The overall evidence strongly suggests that the use of electroporated sperm is the simplest yet most efficient approach to perform mass gene transfer in aquacultural animals, including marine mollusks.
BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEINS IN CLINICAL APPLICATIONS (2007)

The role of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in bone healing has been shown in numerous animal models. To date, at least 20 BMPs have been identified, some of which have been shown in vitro to stimulate the process of stem cell differentiation into osteoblasts in human and animal models. Having realized the osteoinductive properties of BMPs and having identified their genetic sequences, recombinant gene technology has been used to produce BMPs for clinical application - most commonly, as alternatives or adjuncts in the treatment of cases in which fracture healing is compromised. BMP-2 and BMP-7 are approved for clinical use in open fractures of long bones, non-unions and spinal fusion. However, despite significant evidence of their potential benefit to bone repair and regeneration in animal and preclinical studies, there is, to date, a dearth of convincing clinical trials. The purpose of this paper is to give a brief overview of BMPs and to critically review the clinical data currently available on the use of BMP-2 and BMP-7 in fracture healing.
Novel Zn 2+ -Chelating Peptides Selected from a Fimbria-Displayed Random Peptide Library (2001)

The display of peptide sequences on the surface of bacteria is a technology that offers exciting applications in biotechnology and medical research. Type 1 fimbriae are surface organelles of Escherichia coli which mediate D-mannose-sensitive binding to different host surfaces by virtue of the FimH adhesin. FimH is a component of the fimbrial organelle that can accommodate and display a diverse range of peptide sequences on the E. coli cell surface. In this study we have constructed a random peptide library in FimH. The library, consisting of approximately 40 million individual clones, was screened for peptide sequences that conferred on recombinant cells the ability to bind Zn(2+). By serial selection, sequences that exhibited various degrees of binding affinity and specificity toward Zn(2+) were enriched. None of the isolated sequences showed similarity to known Zn(2+)-binding proteins, indicating that completely novel Zn(2+)-binding peptide sequences had been isolated. By changing the protein scaffold system, we demonstrated that the Zn(2+)-binding seems to be uniquely mediated by the peptide insert and to be independent of the sequence of the carrier protein. These findings might be applied in the design of biomatrices for bioremediation purposes or in the development of sensors for detection of heavy metals.
Functional Molecular Mass of a Vertebrate Hyaluronan Synthase as Determined by Radiation Inactivation Analysis (2001)

Hyaluronan (HA), a linear polysaccharide composed of N-acetylglucosamine-glucuronic acid repeats, is found in the extracellular matrix of vertebrate tissues as well as the capsule of several pathogenic bacteria. The HA synthases (HASs) are dual-action glycosyltransferases that catalyze the addition of two different sugars from UDP-linked precursors to the growing HA chain. The prototypical vertebrate hyaluronan synthase, xlHAS1 (or DG42) from Xenopus laevis, is a 588-residue membrane protein. Recently, the streptococcal enzyme was found to function as a monomer of protein with approximately 16 lipid molecules. The vertebrate enzymes are larger than the streptococcal enzymes; based on the vertebrate HAS deduced amino acid sequence, two additional membrane-associated regions at the carboxyl terminus are predicted. We have utilized radiation inactivation to measure the target size of yeast-derived recombinant xlHAS1. The target size of HAS activity was confirmed using two internal standards. First, samples were spiked with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, an enzyme of known molecular weight. Second, parallel samples of native xlHAS1 and a xlHAS1-green fluorescent protein fusion (833 residues) were compared; substantial confidence was gained by using this novel internal standard. Our test also corroborated the basic tenets of radiation inactivation theory. We found that the vertebrate HAS protein functions catalytically as a monomer.
现代宏观经济学：理论，政策及事件 (2001)

今天宏观经济学的状况有些古怪,就学术内部而言,宏观经济学似乎已魅力不在,在选择研究课题时亦无人问津.研究生除了运用最新的统计方法处理一下手头的数据之外,似乎也不愿再把它作为毕业论文题目了.20世纪70年代和80年代出现的新古典派同战后凯恩斯学派之间的学术论战,曾经一度作为杂志的重要标题来刊登;现在这些激烈的辩论、立论与驳论已经偃旗息鼓.
TRANSFUSION PRACTICE: Thrombin generation in trauma patients (2009)

Thrombin generation studies indicate that Trauma with ACT patients show dysregulated hemostasis characterized by excessive non-wound-related thrombin generation due to a combination of circulating procoagulants capable of activating coagulation systemically and reduced inhibitor levels allowing systemic thrombin generation to continue once started.
Identification of a human lactoferrin-binding protein in Staphylococcus aureus (1992)

Human lactoferrin (HLf) is an iron-binding protein with antimicrobial activity that is present in high concentrations in milk and various exocrine secretions. HLf is also an acute-phase protein secreted by polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and its binding to a large number of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus has been described recently from our laboratory. We have now characterised the HLf-staphylococcal interaction in S. aureus strain MAS-89. The binding of 125I-HLf to strain MAS-89 reached saturation in less than 90 min and was maximal between pH 4 and 9. Unlabelled HLf displaced 125I-HLf binding. Various plasma and subepithelial matrix proteins, such as IgG, fibrinogen, fibronectin, collagen and laminin, which are known to interact specifically with S. aureus, did not interfere with HLf binding. A Scatchard plot was non-linear; this implied a low affinity (1.55 x 10(7) L/mol) and a high affinity (2.70 x 10(8) L/mol) binding mechanism. We estimated that there were c. 5700 HLf binding sites/cell. The staphylococcal HLf-binding protein (HLf-BP) was partially susceptible to proteolytic enzymes or periodate treatment and was resistant to glycosidases. An active HLf-BP with an apparent Mr of c. 450 Kda was isolated from strain MAS-89 cell lysate by ion-exchange chromatography on Q-sepharose. In SDS-PAGE, the reduced HLf-BP was resolved into two components of 67 and 62 Kda. The two components demonstrated a positive reaction with HLf-HRPO in a Western blot. These data establish that there is a specific receptor for HLf in S. aureus.
Comparison of Human Sensory Capabilities with Technical Specifications of Virtual Environment Equipment (1995)

This paper presents the results of three surveys that compared the human's ability to detect and discriminate visual, auditory, tactile, and kinesthetic information with current technical specifications of virtual environment equipment. The comparison exposes limitations of current virtual environment interfaces and thus indicates areas where improvements in equipment design are needed. Furthermore, the paper presents basic definitions and units of measurement for sensory modalities, which also can be used to describe the capabilities of virtual environment equipment. Finally, the paper concludes with remarks concerning the relationship between the data presented in the three surveys and the design of virtual interfaces.