gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Promotion of wound healing with electrical stimulation. (1996)

Oocytes are held in meiotic prophase for prolonged periods until hormonal signals trigger meiotic divisions. Key players of M-phase entry are the opposing Cdk1 kinase and PP2A-B55δ phosphatase. In Xenopus, the protein Arpp19, phosphorylated at serine 67 by Greatwall, plays an essential role in inhibiting PP2A-B55δ, promoting Cdk1 activation. Furthermore, Arpp19 has an earlier role in maintaining the prophase arrest through a second serine (S109) phosphorylated by PKA. Prophase release, induced by progesterone, relies on Arpp19 dephosphorylation at S109, owing to an unknown phosphatase. Here, we identified this phosphatase as PP2A-B55δ. In prophase, PKA and PP2A-B55δ are simultaneously active, suggesting the presence of other important targets for both enzymes. The drop in PKA activity induced by progesterone enables PP2A-B55δ to dephosphorylate S109, unlocking the prophase block. Hence, PP2A-B55δ acts critically on Arpp19 on two distinct sites, opposing PKA and Greatwall to orchestrate the prophase release and M-phase entry.
Autologous Cultured Fibroblast Injection for Facial Contour Deformities: A Prospective, Placebo-Controlled, Phase III Clinical Trial (2007)

Our results indicate that autologous fibroblast injections can safely and effectively produce improvements in rhytids, acne scars, and other dermal defects continuing for at least 12 months after injection.
Identification of surface‐exposed components of MOMP of Chlamydia trachomatis serovar F (2005)

The identification of surface-exposed components of the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of Chlamydia is critical for modeling its three-dimensional structure, as well as for understanding the role of MOMP in the pathogenesis of Chlamydia-related diseases. MOMP contains four variable domains (VDs). In this study, VDII and VDIV of Chlamydia trachomatis serovar F were proven to be surface-located by immuno-dot blot assay using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Two proteases, trypsin and endoproteinase Glu-C, were applied to digest the intact elementary body of serovar F under native conditions to reveal the surface-located amino acids. The resulting peptides were separated by SDS-PAGE and probed with MAbs against these VDs. N-terminal amino acid sequencing revealed: (1) The Glu-C cleavage sites were located within VDI (at Glu61) and VDIII (at Glu225); (2) the trypsin cleavage sites were found at Lys79 in VDI and at Lys224 in VDIII. The tryptic peptides were then isolated by HPLC and analyzed with a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer and a quadrupole-orthogonal-TOF mass spectrometer coupled with a capillary liquid chromatograph. Masses and fragmentation patterns that correlated to the peptides cleaved from VDI and VDIII regions, and C-terminal peptides Ser333-Arg358 and Ser333-Lys350 were observed. This result demonstrated that these regions are surface-exposed. Data derived from comparison of nonreduced outer membrane complex proteolytic fragments with their reduced fractions revealed that Cys26, 29, 33, 116, 208, and 337 were involved in disulfide bonds, and Cys26 and 337, and 116 and 208 were paired. Based on these data, a new two-dimensional model is proposed.
Synthetically Useful Reactions of Epoxides (1984)

The synthetically useful reactions of epoxides are reviewed in this article. An emphasis is placed on methods which have recently been reported in the literature. 1. Introduction 2. Reaction of Epoxides with Nucleophiles 2.1. General Considerations 2.2. Ring Opening of Epoxides with Heteroatomic Nucleophiles 2.3. Ring Opening of Epoxides with Carbon Nucleophiles 2.4. Intramolecular Ring Opening of Epoxides 3. Rearrangement of Epoxides to Carbonyl Compounds 4. Rearrangement of Epoxides to Allylic Alcohols 5. Deoxygenation of Epoxides to Olefins 6. Reduction of Epoxides to Alcohols 7. Epoxides with Adjacent Functional Groups 7.1. Monoepoxides of 1,3-Dienes 7.2. α,β-Epoxyketones 7.3. α,β-Epoxysilanes 8. Conclusions
Studies of Compact Hard Tissues and Collagen by Means of Brillouin Light Scattering (1990)

A measure of the elastic properties of tissue can be found from the propagation of sound in the tissue. Longitudinal sonic velocities were measured for mineralized turkey leg tendon (density 1.50 g/cc), deer antler (1.77 g/cc) and cow tibia (2.05 g/cc) in the 10 GHz frequency regime by means of Brillouin light scattering using a nine pass Fabry-Perot interferometer. Wet, air dried, mineralized and demineralized specimens were tested. Sonic velocity in each tissue increased with mineral content and decreased when the tissue was wet. All wet values are higher than for wet rat tail tendon collagen, axially and radially, but with considerably less anisotropy. The results are interpreted to indicate that bone matrix collagen is more highly crosslinked than tail tendon collagen. The loss of anisotropy is taken to correspond to a much higher crosslinking density between adjacent collagen molecules in mineralized tissue compared to rat tail tendon. The axial sonic velocity of dried rat tail tendon is almost that for low density dried mineralized tissue and greater than the radial sonic velocity of these tissues, but the radial sonic velocity for dried rat tail tendon is much lower, again corresponding to less crosslinking in this tissue. Longitudinal modulus, K, is defined as the tissue density times the square of the velocity. The compliance, 1/K, was found to be a linear function of density for each of the four conditions. It suggests that a Reuss formalism describes the elastic properties. Since the difference between the compliance for wet and dry tissue is also a linear function of density, the effect of water on the compliance is additive. The axial sonic velocity for cow bone is essentially constant over a frequency range spanning 10 orders. Presumably the axial sonic velocity is controlled by the continuity of the collagen fibers lying along the bone axis. The radial velocity decreases by 30% over this frequency range, probably due to the many levels of structure observed in long bone like osteons, Haversian canals and blood vessels, as well as internal surfaces like cement lines and between lamellae. The sonic anisotropy of hard tissues decreases considerably with increasing frequency. While rat tail tendon collagen is very anisotropic both sonically and optically, hard tissues whether wet, dry, mineralized or demineralized show much less anisotropy. The optical index of refraction, both axially and radially, was found by Brillouin scattering for the air dried demineralized tissues. A close match was found between optical and sonic anisotropy for all the demineralized tissues.
Characterization of murine lung inflammation after infection with parental Bordetella pertussis and mutants deficient in adhesins or toxins (1994)

Bordetella pertussis expresses factors such as filamentous hemagglutinin, agglutinogens, pertactin, and pertussis toxin, which participate in bacterial adhesion; pertussis toxin, dermonecrotic toxin, lipopolysaccharide, and tracheal cytotoxin, which are responsible for toxic effects; and adenylate cyclase-hemolysin, which is required to initiate infection. By using a murine respiratory model, we showed that the RGD sequences of filamentous hemagglutinin and pertactin are important for bacterial persistence. However, mutants deficient in filamentous hemagglutinin and agglutinogens or in pertactin and the RGD sequence of filamentous hemagglutinin behaved as did wild-type B. pertussis, i.e., induced bronchopneumonia, alveolitis, and an influx of macrophages, lymphocytes, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes into bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. These results suggest that these adhesins are not involved in the induction of pulmonary lesions following infection. The intensity of inflammation was markedly reduced after infection with mutants deficient in either hemolytic activity or pertussis toxin expression, whereas a mutant devoid of adenylate cyclase activity behaved as did the avirulent mutant. Pertussis toxin and adenylate cyclase-hemolysin may act indirectly by altering immune cell functions and thus allowing other factors, such as filamentous hemagglutinin, agglutinogens, and pertactin, to trigger adhesion and lipopolysaccharide, dermonecrotic toxin, and tracheal cytotoxin to induce their toxic effects. However, it is possible that pertussis toxin is also responsible for the induction of some pulmonary alterations.
Complement activation by apoptotic endothelial cells following hypoxia/reoxygenation (2001)

Reperfusion of ischaemic tissue initiates an inflammatory reaction that increases tissue injury. Complement activation at the endothelium contributes to this inflammation. This study investigated the mechanism of complement activation following reoxygenation of hypoxic human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) as a model for complement activation observed on endothelium in reperfused ischaemic tissue. HUVEC cultured in 1% oxygen followed by reoxygenation activated the classical complement pathway resulting in C3 deposition. There was an increase in apoptotic cells in these cultures that was demonstrated by binding of fluorescein isothiocyanate-Annexin V and staining for hypodiploid nuclei. To determine if apoptotic HUVEC activate complement, uniformly apoptotic cells were produced by serum and growth factor deprivation. These cells, but not the control HUVEC, activated the classical complement pathway in the absence of antibody or other serum factors. To determine if apoptotic cells in the reoxygenated cultures were activating complement, fluorescent analysis was done. Annexin V binding and C3d deposition on cells from reoxygenated cultures showed complete concordance on the subpopulation of apoptotic cells. In addition, complement activation following reoxygenation of HUVEC was eliminated by treatment of the cultures with a caspase inhibitor during reoxygenation. These results suggest that oxidative damage to endothelial cells during reoxygenation initiates apoptosis with exposure of phosphatidylserine. Apoptotic cells directly activate the classical pathway of complement by binding C1. Activation of complement at the endothelium may contribute to the inflammatory response as well as clearance and repair.
Correlation between Compartmental Tenofovir Concentrations and an Ex Vivo Rectal Biopsy Model of Tissue Infectibility in the RMP-02/MTN-006 Phase 1 Study (2014)

The TFVdp MMC compartment (CD4+, CD4- and Total) provided the best surrogate for biopsy infectibility and the 7-daily topical TFV gel treatment provided the strongest PK profile for HIV suppression. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00984971.
Regulating DNA translocation through functionalized soft nanopores (2012)

Nanopores have emerged as promising next-generation devices for DNA sequencing technology. The two major challenges in such devices are: (i) find an efficient way to raise the DNA capture rate prior to funnelling a nanopore, and (ii) reduce the translocation velocity inside it so that single base resolution can be attained efficiently. To achieve these, a novel soft nanopore comprising a solid-state nanopore and a functionalized soft layer is proposed to regulate the DNA electrokinetic translocation. We show that, in addition to the presence of an electroosmotic flow (EOF), which reduces the DNA translocation velocity, counterion concentration polarization (CP) occurs near the entrance of the nanopore. The latter establishes an enrichment of the counterion concentration field, thereby electrostatically enhancing the capture rate. The dependence of the ionic current on the bulk salt concentration, the soft layer properties, and the length of the nanopore are investigated. We show that if the salt concentration is low, the ionic current depends largely upon the length of the nanopore, and the density of the fixed charge of the soft layer, but not upon its degree of softness. On the other hand, if it is high, ionic current blockade always occurs, regardless of the levels of the other parameters. The proposed soft nanopore is capable of enhancing the performance of DNA translocation while maintaining its basic signature of the ionic current at high salt concentration. The results gathered provide the necessary information for designing devices used in DNA sequencing.
Throughput multiplication of wireless LANs for multimedia services: SDMA protocol design (2002)

Since the radio-frequency (RF) bandwidth allocated for wireless communications is a diminishing resource, wireless access to local area networks (LANs) has fundamental limitation on throughput and communication delays. With exponentially growing demand for multimedia services, this limitation becomes a bottleneck for expanding the wireless network capabilities. We exploit another resource, i.e., space, and design a new space division multiple access (SDMA) protocol to achieve throughput multiplication. The basic idea behind the SDMA protocol is that it exploits spatial diversity among different terminals to selectively transmit and receive signals in the same time slot and same frequency band. The only new requirements of this new protocol are an array of multiple antennas installed at a base station and advanced signal processing software to process the received data. The feasibility of the SDMA protocol is demonstrated by preliminary experimental studies.
The pharmaceutical codex : principles and practice of pharmaceutics (1994)

Part I Preparation and presentation of drugs as medicines: dosage forms - oral solids, oral liquids, solution properties, suspensions, emulsions, parenterals, aerosols, inhalation products, topical semi-solids, topical liquids and powders, ophthalmic products, rectal and vaginal products product design, development and presentation - preformulation, formulation, modified-release drug delivery system, biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetic principles, rheology, stability of medicinal products, incompatibility, pharmaceutical packaging, storage, pharmaceutical aspects of clinical trials, statistics preparation and supply of medicines - good manufacturing practice, licensing, design criteria for production facilities, process development, validation, dispensing procedures and practice-related guidelines, weighing, measuring and counting, infusion fluids: admixtures and administration, paediatric preparations, radiopharmaceuticals, cytotoxic drugs - handling precautions, medical gases, immunological products pharmaceutical microbiology, sterile processing and contamination control - pharmaceutical microbiology, control of microbial contamination and the preservation of medicines, pyrogens, particulate contamination, sterilization, aseptic processing, cleanrooms for pharmaceutical production, disinfectants and antiseptics electolyte replacement, nutrient fluids and dialysis solutions - electrolyte powders and oral rehydration solutions, parenteral and enteral nutrition fluids, peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis preparations nomenclature and miscellaneous data - nomenclature of organic compounds, miscellaneous data. Part II Monographs on drug substances: the monographs describe the pharmaceutics related aspects of 154 active substances. In addition to relevant physicochemical data, the monographs include abstracts from key papers on topics that range across stability, storage, incompatibility, formulation, dosage form development, excipients, bioavailability and processing.
Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn (2002)

many advanced illnesses, and an unswerving commitment to healing by not abandoning the patient, being hopeful that one can provide optimal comfort, and using the opportunity to help the patient prepare for death.
The synthesis of electron donor‐acceptor substituted pyrazoles (1993)

Abstract A variety of 1,3‐ and 1,5‐donor‐acceptor substituted pyrazole derivatives have been synthesized by the cyclocondensation of α,β‐ethynyl ketones with substituted phenyl hydrazines. The regioselectivity of the cyclization depends on the reaction conditions in a manner consistent with competitive 1,2‐ and 1,4‐addition followed by ring closure. 1,4‐Disubstituted derivatives can be prepared from the corresponding 4‐iodopyrazole using palladium catalyzed carbon‐carbon bond forming reactions. The pyrazole chromophores are expected to show interesting nonlinear optical properties.
Serum CD44 in malignant lymphoma: an association with treatment response (1994)

CD44, a cell surface glycoprotein, is involved in lymphocyte trafficking from the blood to lymphatic tissues, and is of importance in dissemination of lymphoma. A variant form of CD44 that has additional amino acids in the common protein backbone (CD44v6) also seems to play a role in the metastatic dissemination of malignancies. We measured serum CD44 and CD44v6 in 34 patients with lymphoma and in healthy controls by dot blot assay. Small amounts of both CD44 (range, 10 to 80 ng/mL) and CD44v6 could be detected in sera of all controls. Serum CD44 was elevated in all patients with lymphoma before treatment (range, 70 to &gt; 2,000 ng/mL, P &lt; .0001), and CD44v6 was also slightly elevated. Serum CD44 levels correlated with response to treatment. Patients with complete response achieved similar CD44 levels as the controls, whereas those with progressive disease had increased serum CD44 levels. We conclude that both the standard and the variant form of CD44 are detectable in sera of healthy individuals, and that serum CD44 may be useful in monitoring treatment response in patients with lymphoma.
Increased expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene in malignant gliomas is invariably associated with gene amplification. (1987)

Primary malignant gliomas from 63 patients were analyzed to determine the relationship between amplification of the gene encoding the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and expression of the corresponding mRNA. Twenty-four tumors were found to have amplified the EGFR gene and amplification of other genes occurred in three additional tumors. Hybridization with synthetic RNA probes was used to quantitate mRNA levels in situ. All 24 tumors with amplification of the EGFR gene had high levels of expression of this gene, while none of the 39 tumors without amplification had increased levels. This shows that, in human gliomas, large increases in the expression of the EGFR gene are invariably associated with alterations in gene structure.
Probiotics for animal use in Japan (1989)

Summary: An overview is presented of recent studies on intestinal bacterial flora and the current state of probiotics (viable bacteria preparations) developed for use in domestic animals in Japan. They belong to two major categories, namely, veterinary drugs for treating gastro-intestinal disorders (such as diarrhoea), and feed probiotics to improve weight gain and feed efficiency, and also to maintain and promote normal health status of domestic animals and fowls. Feed probiotics are now used widely by the major mills as feed ingredients for piglets, calves, sows and fowls.
Colony-Stimulating Factor 1 (CSF-1)Is Involved in an Autocrine Growth Control of Rat Myogenic Cells (1995)

Colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and the CSF-1 receptor (the c-fms proto-oncogene product) are expressed during the proliferation of the L6 alpha 1 rat myogenic cell line and both are down-regulated during the differentiation to myotubes. Biologically active CSF-1 was shown to be secreted into the culture medium by L6 alpha 1 myoblasts and while they could not bind CSF-1, evidence was obtained for cell surface receptor-CSF-1 complexes. It was not possible to block the L6 alpha 1 proliferation by incubation with anti-CSF-1 antiserum or suramin. However, in L6 alpha 1 myoblasts that were stably transfected with an inducible anti-fms antisense construct, both c-fms protein expression and cell proliferation were more rapidly inhibited under induction and differentiation conditions than parental cells. Furthermore, under these conditions, the c-fms antisense transfected cells also entered myogenic differentiation more rapidly. These results suggest that autocrine regulation by CSF-1 that is intracellular may play a role in the proliferation of muscle cells and that its down-regulation leads to, and may be an obligatory step in, myogenesis.
Defective suppressor cell function mediated by T8+ cell lines from patients with progressive multiple sclerosis. (1986)

Activated suppressor cell function, induced with either concanavalin A or OKT3 and mediated by either unfractionated mononuclear cells or "panning" enriched T8+ cells, freshly isolated from peripheral blood, is reduced in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) as compared with control donors. In this study, we generated T8+ cell lines from the peripheral blood of these same patients and controls. Suppressor activity, mediated by T8+ cells exposed to OKT3 on days 1, 7, and 14 of culture and then treated with mitomycin C on day 16, was significantly reduced in the MS group (mean percent suppression 13% +/- 5) as compared with the control group (68% +/- 6, n = 8, p less than 0.001). No differences were noted in [3H]thymidine uptake by the OKT3-stimulated T8+ cell lines of MS and control groups. Mean percent suppression mediated by T4+ cell lines did not differ between MS and control groups (15% +/- 4, n = 3, vs 22% +/- 2, n = 4). These current data suggest that the previously observed defect in T8+ cell-mediated activated suppressor cell function in MS is a persistent one, favoring the postulate that the defect reflects intrinsic alterations in this cell population rather than a transient effect of serum factors on T8+ cell function.
Crystallization of phycoerythrin 545 of Rhodomonas lens using detergents and unusual additives (1998)

Phycoerythrin 545 from the cryptomonad alga, Rhodomonas lens, has been crystallized under a wide variety of conditions. Although this type of photosynthetic light-harvesting protein is water soluble, detergents were always required for crystallization. The crystals were typically poorly ordered, or ordered in only two dimensions. However, crystals that were well-ordered in three dimensions could be obtained under two different conditions. Both used polyethylene glycol as precipitant and the detergent lauryldimethylaminoxide, but the additives that were critical for obtaining well-ordered crystals were propionamide in one case and Cs+/Br- in the other. Crystals obtained in the presence of propionamide have the space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with cell constants of a = 85.6 angstroms, b = 108.2 angstroms, and c = 131.0 angstroms, and contain two dimers [i.e., 2 x (alpha2beta2)] in the asymmetric unit. They show diffraction to at least 3.0 angstroms resolution. The crystals grown with Cs+/Br- are nearly isomorphous. Both types of crystals show intense, strongly polarized fluorescence, suggesting that energy transfer in the crystals is highly efficient. This should provide a basis for quantitative investigation of the role of exciton interactions in energy transfer in cryptomonad phycobiliproteins.