gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A biotin label-based antibody array for high-content profiling of protein expression. (2010)

Our results suggest the biotin label-based antibody arrays that we have developed have great potential in applications for biomarker discovery.
Diferulate cross-links impede the enzymatic degradation of non-lignified maize walls (1998)

We assessed the effect of ferulate substitution and diferulate cross-linking of xylans on the degradation of cell walls by two fungal enzyme mixtures, one of which contained feruloyl esterase and high xylanase activities. Non-lignified cell suspensions of maize (Zea mays) were grown with 0 or 40 μM 2-aminoindan-2-phosphonic acid to produce walls with normal (17·2 mg g−1) or reduced (5·1 mg g−1) ferulate concentrations. Walls were incubated with mercaptoethanol to inhibit diferulate formation or with hydrogen peroxide to stimulate diferulate formation by wall bound peroxidases. Varying the ferulate substitution of xylans did not affect cell wall hydrolysis. In contrast, increasing ferulate dimerisation from 18 to 40% reduced carbohydrate release by 94–122 mg g−1 after 3 h and by 0–48 mg g−1 after 54 h of enzymatic hydrolysis. Diferulate cross-links impeded the release of xylans, cellulose and pectins from walls. These results provide compelling evidence that diferulate cross-links reduce the rate and, to a lesser degree, the extent of wall hydrolysis by fungal enzymes. Our results also suggest that enzyme mixtures containing high xylanase activity but not feruloyl esterase activity can partially overcome the inhibitory effects of diferulate cross-linking on wall hydrolysis. © 1998 SCI.
Broad specifies pupal development and mediates the ‘status quo’ action of juvenile hormone on the pupal-adult transformation inDrosophilaandManduca (2002)

The understanding of the molecular basis of the endocrine control of insect metamorphosis has been hampered by the profound differences in responses of the Lepidoptera and the Diptera to juvenile hormone (JH). In both Manduca and Drosophila, the broad (br) gene is expressed in the epidermis during the formation of the pupa, but not during adult differentiation. Misexpression of BR-Z1 during either a larval or an adult molt of Drosophila suppressed stage-specific cuticle genes and activated pupal cuticle genes, showing that br is a major specifier of the pupal stage. Treatment with a JH mimic at the onset of the adult molt causes br re-expression and the formation of a second pupal cuticle in Manduca, but only in the abdomen of Drosophila. Expression of the BR isoforms during adult development of Drosophila suppressed bristle and hair formation when induced early or redirected cuticle production toward the pupal program when induced late. Expression of BR-Z1 at both of these times mimicked the effect of JH application but, unlike JH, it caused production of a new pupal cuticle on the head and thorax as well as on the abdomen. Consequently, the 'status quo' action of JH on the pupal-adult transformation is mediated by the JH-induced re-expression of BR.
Clonal growth of human megakaryocyte progenitors in serum-free cultures: effect of recombinant human interleukin 3. (1988)

Human megakaryocyte colony formation was observed in serum-free agar cultures with a medium containing deionized bovine serum albumin, iron-saturated transferrin, 2-mercaptoethanol, and recombinant human interleukin 3 (IL-3). Megakaryocyte colonies were identified in situ by the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase technique, using monoclonal antibody against platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa. Colony numbers reached a peak at day 14, with a mean of 47 megakaryocyte colonies (range 23-104) per 2 x 10(5) bone marrow mononuclear cells. Recombinant human IL-3 stimulated the growth of megakaryocyte progenitors. Similar results were obtained using nonadherent, T-cell-depleted mononuclear cells. These findings suggest that IL-3 stimulates the growth of megakaryocyte progenitors directly without activation of accessory cells, or the requirement of factors present in the serum or plasma. This serum-free culture system may be useful for studying the effects of purified natural and recombinant biological regulators on human megakaryocyte progenitors.
Improving CO2 permeability in polymerized room‐temperature ionic liquid gas separation membranes through the formation of a solid composite with a room‐temperature ionic liquid (2008)

Abstract Room‐temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) present a number of unique opportunities for the processing and tailoring of polymer materials for applications including ion conduction polymers, catalysis, and gas separations. Perhaps most importantly, RTILs can be synthesized as monomers and polymerized in the presence of non‐polymerizable RTILs to provide solid composites with enhanced properties. These features allow for the formation of poly(RTIL)–RTIL composite gas separation membranes, exhibiting hybrid properties of both RTILs and polymers. Incorporation of just 20 mol% free RTIL in the polymer membrane yields a stable composite material with a CO 2 permeability increase of ∼400% with a 33% improvement to CO 2 /N 2 selectivity relative to the analogous poly(RTIL) membrane lacking any free ion pairs. The composite membrane also showed a significant improvement in CO 2 /CH 4 separation compared to other poly(RTILs) when analyzed via “Robeson Plots.” This new approach to polymer gas separation membranes provides a powerful method to improve the performance of current materials without intensive organic synthesis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Abrasive-Free Polishing for Copper Damascene Interconnection (2000)

A complete abrasive‐free process for fabricating copper damascene interconnection has been developed. The process is a combination of newly developed abrasive‐free polishing (AFP) of Cu and dry etching of a barrier metal layer. A new aqueous chemical polishing solution and a polyurethane polishing pad produce complete stop‐on‐barrier characteristics of Cu polishing. The AFP provides a very clean, scratch‐free, anticorrosive polished surface, and the total depth of erosion and dishing is reduced to less than one fifth of that produced by conventional slurries, even after 100% overpolishing. The barrier metal is successfully dry etched by using gas at a high selectivity ratio (more than 10) of barrier metal to . It was found that the developed AFP significantly reduces both Cu line resistance and its deviation. Moreover, AFP can also contribute to cost reduction of chemical mechanical polishing and help solve environmental problems related to waste slurries. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
High-temperature thermal stability of molten salt materials (2008)

This paper focuses on thermal stability of molten salts consisting of potassium nitrate, sodium nitrite, sodium nitrate and one kind of additives such as A, B and C at a high temperature. The multi-component molten salts were prepared by mixing the pure salts, heating statically to the melting state and then cooling to room temperature to form the mixed molten salts. The stability experiments were carried out at 500 and 550°C, and the experiment found that the molten salt with 5% additive A performed better high-temperature thermal stability and its optimum operating temperature was increased to 550 from 500°C. XRD and DSC analyses indicated that the molten salt with 5% additive A had a lower freezing point and a higher phase change latent heat. Besides, the concentration of NO anion in the molten salt was analyzed and the results showed that the main reaction for the molten salts in air was nitrite thermal oxidation at 500 and 550oC. In addition, the energy used for the oxidation of nitrite would be increased with an increase in additives and the prolonging of reaction time at the same time. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IMMUNOASSAY OF PLASMA VASOPRESSIN IN MAN (1970)

A radioimmunoassay for arginine vasopressin has been developed that is sensitive to the hormone at 1 pg/ml. When plasma was filtered on G-25 Sephadex, immunoreactivity was detected in three regions. Endogenous arginine vasopressin was the third and smallest of the peaks and was recovered just after the salt. By combining gel filtration with immunoassay, we have made precise measurements of arginine vasopressin in a few milliliters of plasma.
Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell lines established from neuronal cell‐derived cloned blastocysts (2000)

Summary: We have established mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell lines from blastocysts derived by transfer of nuclei of fetal neuronal cells. These neuronal cell-derived embryonic cell lines had properties that characterize them as ES cells, including typical cell markers and alkaline phosphatase activity. Moreover, the cells had a normal karyotype and were pluripotent, as they were capable of differentiating into all three germ layers. Although they were derived from neuronal donor nuclei, the cells no longer expressed neuronal markers; however, they were capable of differentiating into cells with neuronal characteristics. These results suggest that the clone-derived cells have fully acquired an ES cell character. Thus, ES cells can be derived from embryos resulting from nuclear transfer, which results in reprogramming of the genetic information and acquisition of pluripotency. ES cells established from somatic cell-derived blastocysts could be useful not only as research tools for studying reprogramming but also as models for cell-based transplantation therapy. genesis 28:156–163, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Spectrum of genomic variations in Indian patients with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (2018)

Nine major genomic variations, including three novel ones, were identified in nearly one-third of Indian children with PFIC. No variation was identified in nearly two-thirds of patients, who may have been related to variations in promoter or intronic regions of the three PFIC genes, or in other bile-salt transport genes.
Cascade Residual Learning: A Two-stage Convolutional Neural Network for Stereo Matching (2017)

Leveraging on the recent developments in convolutional neural networks (CNNs), matching dense correspondence from a stereo pair has been cast as a learning problem, with performance exceeding traditional approaches. However, it remains challenging to generate high-quality disparities for the inherently ill-posed regions. To tackle this problem, we propose a novel cascade CNN architecture composing of two stages. The first stage advances the recently proposed DispNet by equipping it with extra up-convolution modules, leading to disparity images with more details. The second stage explicitly rectifies the disparity initialized by the first stage; it couples with the first-stage and generates residual signals across multiple scales. The summation of the outputs from the two stages gives the final disparity. As opposed to directly learning the disparity at the second stage, we show that residual learning provides more effective refinement. Moreover, it also benefits the training of the overall cascade network. Experimentation shows that our cascade residual learning scheme provides state-of-the-art performance for matching stereo correspondence. By the time of the submission of this paper, our method ranks first in the KITTI 2015 stereo benchmark, surpassing the prior works by a noteworthy margin.
Non-replicating oral whole cell vaccine protective against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) diarrhea: Stimulation of anti-CFA (CFA/I) and anti-enterotoxin (anti-LT) intestinal IgA and protection against challenge with ETEC belonging to heterologous serotypes (1988)

An oral killed (non-replicating) whole-cell anti-ETEC vaccine was prepared by treating enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strain H-10407 (ST + LT +; 078: H11: CFA/I) with a 100%-lethal amount of colicin E2. Colicin E2 is a potent DNA endonuclease which enters the target bacterial cells without disrupting cellular integrity. Thus the vaccine consists of intact cells lacking chromosomal and plasmid DNA but possessing a normal complement of antigens, including CFA/I and enterotoxin(s), unaltered by chemical- or heat-treatment. Young healthy volunteers were administered two oral doses, one month apart, of approximately 3×1010 vaccine cells. Of 22 vaccinees, 17 (77.3%) showed an intestinal anti-CFA/I IgA response and 19 (86.4%) showed an increase in intestinal anti-LT IgA. Twenty of 22 (90.9%) vaccinees had antibody responses to either CFA/I, LT, or both antigens, demonstrating that colicin E2-treated CFA-positive E. coli cells are an efficient vehicle in terms of delivery of antigens to the gut immune system. We previously demonstrated protection of vaccinees against challenge with the living homologous ETEC (strain H-10407). In this study, two groups of 8 vaccinees were challenged with a diarrheagenic dose of virulent ST+LT+ETEC of heterologous serotype; one group was challenged with a CFA/I-positive 063 : H- strain and the other group was challenged with a CFA/II-positive 06 : H16 strain. Approximately 75% efficacy was achieved in both challenge groups. None of the 16 vaccinees who had responded to both CFA/I and LT became ill upon challenge while both of the vaccinees who had not responded to either antigen did. That protection against challenge with heterologous ETEC was due to non-specific immunostimulation proved to be unlikely since only 1 of the remaining 6 vaccinees showed mild symptoms when challenged with strain H-10407 6 months after vaccination. These results indicate that ETEC heterologous with respect to O, H, and CFA may share other antigens which contribute to a protective intestinal immune response.
Micellization of Polyoxyalkylene Block Copolymers in Formamide (2000)

The solution properties of amphiphilic molecules in nonaqueous polar solvents are important in the elucidation of the effects of solvent quality on self-assembly and also in practical applications where the use of water as a solvent is undesirable. We used small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) to investigate the micellization of a poly(ethylene oxide)−poly(propylene oxide)−poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO−PPO−PEO) block copolymer (Pluronic P105: EO37PO58EO37) in formamide as a function of block copolymer concentration (in the range 1−20 wt %) and temperature (10−60 °C). Results on the micellization thermodynamics and the micelle structure are presented here. PEO−PPO−PEO block copolymers self-assemble in formamide into micelles upon increasing the temperature, indicating an endothermic micellization. The enthalpy and entropy of micellization in formamide are about 3 times smaller than the respective quantities in water. The radius of gyration of the unimers and the core radius and hard-sphere interaction radius of the spherical micelles were obtained by fitting appropriate models to the SANS scattering patterns. The degree of swelling of the block copolymer micelles by the solvent was estimated on the basis of the different radii. The micelle radii and the corresponding number of block copolymers that participate in each micelle increase with increasing temperature. The amount of solvent in the micelle corona decreased with increasing temperature up to 15 °C above the critical micellization temperature and then remained constant (for the temperature range examined) at a value of about 1.5 solvent molecules per ethylene oxide segment.
Catastrophic Damage in "Close-Confined" AlGaAs-GaAs Heterojunction Injection Lasers (1970)

The peak optical power at which catastrophic damage occurs in heterojunction lasers has been investigated. The allowable peak power is shown to decrease significantly with increased pulse length and representative values are given. No significant temperature dependence of allowable peak power was seen. The use of antireflective films is shown to increase the allowable peak power. For a given pulse length and shape, the power level at which damage occurs in the lowest threshold current density (2000-3000 A/cm2) double heterojunction lasers is 2-3 times lower than for single heterojunction devices. Scanning electron microscopy of the damaged lasers suggests fracture and localized heating and melting at the surface. It is postulated that the local surface heating might be caused by the surface absorption of acoustic phonons generated by stimulated Brillouin scattering.
Down-regulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor in KB cells is due to receptor internalization and subsequent degradation in lysosomes. (1984)

Using a monoclonal antibody to the human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGF-R1), we have followed the metabolism of the receptor and the pathway of its internalization in KB cells after the addition of EGF. Measurement of surface binding of 125I-labeled EGF showed that about 80% of EGF binding activity disappeared from the plasma membrane after a 10-min exposure to EGF at 37 degrees C. Immunoprecipitation of the receptor from [35S]methionine-labeled cell extracts with EGF-R1 showed that EGF caused the receptor to be degraded with a half-life of 40 min. Immunofluorescence using EGF-R1 showed an EGF-dependent redistribution of the EGF receptor. In cells not exposed to EGF, almost all of the receptor was diffusely distributed on the cell surface. After EGF addition, the receptor was rapidly internalized, first appearing in small punctate organelles characteristic of receptosomes and then in larger perinuclear lysosome-like structures. By 120 min almost all of the immunoreactive EGF receptor had disappeared from the cells. Immunocytochemistry at the electron microscopic level confirmed these light microscopic findings. The diffusely distributed receptor on the cell surface first clustered into clathrin-coated pits in the presence of EGF, next was internalized into receptosomes, appeared transiently in transreticular Golgi elements, and finally was seen in lysosomes. This EGF-dependent down-regulation and degradation of the EGF receptor in KB cells provides a striking example of ligand-dependent clustering and internalization of a receptor, followed by degradation in lysosomes of both ligand and receptor.
Abstract 1341: Early detection of tumor cells by innate immune cells leads to Treg recruitment through CCL22 production by tumor cells (2010)

Abstract We recently obtained evidences, in breast carcinoma, that regulatory T cells (Treg) localized within lymphoid aggregates, but not in the tumor bed, have a negative impact on patients’ survival. Immunohistochemical analysis on paraffin embedded sections of tumors demonstrated correlation between CCL22 production tumor cells and Treg infiltration thus identifying CCL22 as a key mediator of intratumoral Treg recruitment (Gobert M., Cancer Res vol 69, p2000-9, 2009). Herein we decipher the mechanisms regulating CCL22 production by tumor cells. In vitro, human breast epithelial tumor cell lines secreted low CCL22 levels that were strongly increased in response to inflammatory signals (TNFα, IFNγ and IL-1β or their combination). Using an in vitro model we demonstrated that breast tumor cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB453, CLB-SAV, BT-474) but not immortalized normal breast epithelial cell line (Telma) secreted functional CCL22 in response to culture with PBMC or their supernatants. Addition of IL-1RA and anti-TNFα abrogated the CCL22 secretion demonstrating the importance of Il-1β and TNFα in CCL22 production. Depletion experiments demonstrated a major role of monocytes within PBMC in i) the induction of CCL22 and ii) the production of IL-1β and TNFα. However, co-culture of tumor cells with purified monocytes was not sufficient to reproduce the PBMC effects. The addition of rhIFNγ to tumor cell and monocyte co-cultures restored the CCL22 production by tumor cells and that of IL-1β by monocytes suggesting a role of IFNγ producing cells (T cells or NK cells) within PBMC. Taken together, these results demonstrate a dialogue between monocytes, tumor cells and IFNγ producers (NK or T cells) leading, through monocyte-derived IL-1β and TNFα, to CCL22 production by tumor cells and Treg recruitment. These observations would suggest that early tumor cell detection by innate effectors (monocytes, NK) would trigger CCL22 production by tumor cells and not normal mammary epithelial cells leading to Treg recruitment as a mechanism to stop the anti-tumor immune reactivity. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1341.
Pore Architecture of Diatom Frustules: Potential Nanostructured Membranes for Molecular and Particle Separations (2006)

Diatoms produce diverse three-dimensional regular silica structures with nanometer to micrometer dimensions and hold considerable promise for biological and biomimetic fabrication of nanostructured materials and devices. In the present work, we describe the ultrastructural characterization of porous structures in diatom biosilica and discuss their potential as membrane filters for diffusion based separations. The frustules of two centric diatom species, Coscinodiscus sp. and Thalassiosira eccentrica, were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Their morphological features, including pore size, shape, porosity, and pore organization, are described. We observed that although pore organization in frustules of Thalassiosira eccentrica and Coscinodiscus sp. is in reverse order, a striking commonality is the size range of the smallest pores in both species (around 40 nm). The consensus lower pore size suggests that frustule valves have a common function at this size of excluding viruses or other deleterious particles, and the pore size and organization is optimized for this purpose. We suggest and implement an experimental approach to study the potential of diatom frustules for diffusive separation of molecular or nanoparticular components in microfluidic or lab-on-a-chip environments.
Boom chameleon (2003)

We review the Boom Chameleon, a novel input/output device consisting of a flat-panel display mounted on a tracked mechanical armature. The display acts as a physical window into 3D virtual environments, through which a one-to-one mapping between real and virtual space is preserved. The Boom Chameleon is further augmented with a touch-screen and a microphone/speaker combination. We created a 3D annotation application that exploits this unique configuration in order to simultaneously capture viewpoint, voice and gesture information. Results of an informal user study show that the Boom Chameleon annotation facilities have the potential to be an effective, and intuitive system for reviewing 3D designs.
An inhibitor of tau hyperphosphorylation prevents severe motor impairments in tau transgenic mice (2006)

An orally bioavailable and blood-brain barrier penetrating analog of the kinase inhibitor K252a was able to prevent the typical motor deficits in the tau (P301L) transgenic mouse model (JNPL3) and markedly reduce soluble aggregated hyperphosphorylated tau. However, neurofibrillary tangle counts were not reduced in the successfully treated cohort, suggesting that the main cytotoxic effects of tau are not exerted by neurofibrillary tangles but by lower molecular mass aggregates of tau. Our findings strongly suggest that abnormal tau hyperphosphorylation plays a critical role in the development of tauopathy and suggest a previously undescribed treatment strategy for neurodegenerative diseases involving tau pathology.