gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IgE and Anti-IgE Therapy in Asthma and Allergic Disease (2002)

Introduction James D. Reimann, Sharon Safrin, and Robert B. Fick, Jr. Understanding the Binding of IgE to Its High-Affinity Receptor and to an Anti-IgE Antibody Leonard G. Presta and Robert L. Shields Mediator Release from Basophils and Mast Cells and Its Relationship to FceRI Expression and IgE-Suppressing Therapies Donald W. MacGlashan, Jr., John T. Schroeder, Lawrence M. Lichtenstein, Sarbjit S. Saini, and Bruce S. Bochner Expression of IgE Receptors on Eosinophils David Dombrowicz, Andre Capron, and Monique Capron Eosinophil IgE Receptors: Controversy and Consensus Hirohito Kita and Cheryl R. Adolphson Murine Models of Asthma: Caveats and Conclusions on the Contribution of IgE and Mast Cells to Allergic Inflammation, Airway Hyperresponsiveness, and Airflow Obstruction Jeffrey S. Tepper and Daniel B. Tumas Role of IgE in Asthma: Pathogenesis and Novel Therapeutic Strategies James Laurence Lordan, Stephen T. Holgate, and Ian Sayers IgE-Mediated Response to Allergen in the Bronchoprovocation Laboratory Louis-Philippe Boulet and Donald W. Cockcroft Pathophysiology of the Airway Response to Inhaled Allergen in Asthmatic Subjects: Role of IgE John V. Fahy Efficacy and Safety of Xolair Anti-IgE Monoclonal Antibody in Adult Asthmatics Robert B. Fick, Jr., and W. James Metzger The Role of IgE in Pediatric Asthma Henry Milgrom and Charles Johnson Anti-inflammatory Activities of Omalizumab (Xolair), a Recombinant Humanized Monoclonal Antibody Binding IgE Robert B. Fick, Jr. Pulmonary Delivery of Anti-IgE: Rationale for Topical Delivery to the Airway Theresa D. Sweeney, Melinda Marian, Jane Ruppel, and Jeanine L. Bussiere Treatment of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis Thomas B. Casale and Patricia W. Rohane Anti-IgE and Allergic Skin Diseases Michael F. Hofer and Donald Y. M. Leung Role of IgE and Food Allergens Ricki M. Helm and A. Wesley Burks Role of IgE in Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis Priscilla S. A. Sarinas and Rajinder K. Chitkara IgE and Its Role in Parasitic Helminth Infection: Implications for Anti-IgE-Based Therapies Philip J. Cooper and Thomas B. Nutman The Rise of Antibodies as Therapeutics Maureen P. Quan and Paul Carter Author Index
Heterochromatic marks are associated with the repression of secondary metabolism clusters in Aspergillus nidulans (2010)

Fungal secondary metabolites are important bioactive compounds but the conditions leading to expression of most of the putative secondary metabolism (SM) genes predicted by fungal genomics are unknown. Here we describe a novel mechanism involved in SM-gene regulation based on the finding that, in Aspergillus nidulans, mutants lacking components involved in heterochromatin formation show de-repression of genes involved in biosynthesis of sterigmatocystin (ST), penicillin and terrequinone A. During the active growth phase, the silent ST gene cluster is marked by histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation and contains high levels of the heterochromatin protein-1 (HepA). Upon growth arrest and activation of SM, HepA and trimethylated H3K9 levels decrease concomitantly with increasing levels of acetylated histone H3. SM-specific chromatin modifications are restricted to genes located inside the ST cluster, and constitutive heterochromatic marks persist at loci immediately outside the cluster. LaeA, a global activator of SM clusters in fungi, counteracts the establishment of heterochromatic marks. Thus, one level of regulation of the A. nidulans ST cluster employs epigenetic control by H3K9 methylation and HepA binding to establish a repressive chromatin structure and LaeA is involved in reversal of this heterochromatic signature inside the cluster, but not in that of flanking genes.
Oracle8i-the XML enabled data management system (2002)

XML is here as the Internet standard for information exchange among e-businesses and applications. With its dramatic adoption and its ability to model structured, unstructured and semi-structured data, XML has the potential of becoming the data model for Internet data. In recent years, Oracle has evolved its DBMS to support complex, structured, and un-structured data. Oracle has now extended that technology to enable the storage and querying of XML data by evolving its DBMS to an XML enabled DBMS, Oracle8i. We present Oracle's XML-enabling database technology. In particular, we discuss how XML data can be stored, managed and queried in the Oracle8i database.
The Metabotropic Receptor mGluR6 May Signal Through Go, But Not Phosphodiesterase, in Retinal Bipolar Cells (1999)

Bipolar cells are retinal interneurons that receive synaptic input from photoreceptors. Glutamate, the photoreceptor transmitter, hyperpolarizes On bipolar cells by closing nonselective cation channels, an effect mediated by the metabotropic receptor mGluR6. Previous studies of mGluR6 transduction have suggested that the receptor couples to a phosphodiesterase (PDE) that preferentially hydrolyzes cGMP, and that cGMP directly gates the nonselective cation channel. This hypothesis was tested by dialyzing On bipolar cells with nonhydrolyzable analogs of cGMP. Whole-cell recordings were obtained from On bipolar cells in slices of larval tiger salamander retina. Surprisingly, On bipolar cells dialyzed with 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cyclic GMP (8-pCPT-cGMP), or 8-bromo-cyclic GMP (8-Br-cGMP) responded normally to glutamate or L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (L-APB). Response amplitudes and kinetics were not significantly altered compared with cells dialyzed with cGMP alone. Comparable results were obtained with the PDE inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine (IBMX) or with 8-pCPT-cGMP and IBMX together, indicating that PDE is not required for mGluR6 signal transduction. Addition of the G-protein subunit G(o)alpha to the pipette solution suppressed the cation current and occluded the glutamate response, whereas dialysis with G(i)alpha or with transducin Gbetagamma had no significant effect on either the cation current or the response. Dialysis of an antibody directed against G(o)alpha also reduced the glutamate response, indicating a functional role for endogenous G(o)alpha. These results indicate that mGluR6 may signal through G(o), rather than a transducin-like G-protein.
Hypertext, full text, and automatic linking (1989)

Current computing systems typically support only mid-century information structures: simple hierarchies. Hypertext technologies enable users to impose many structures on document sets and, consequently, provide many paths to desired information, but they require that users work their way through some structure. Full-text search eliminates this requirement by ignoring structure altogether. The search strategy can also be restricted to work within specified contexts. The architecture provided for search readily supports automatic linking. These ideas have been tested in IRIS Intermedia.
Temperature tuned distributed feedback dye laser with high repetition rate (1990)

A pulsed subnanosecond laser system is described which is tunable over the spectral range from 450 to 650 nm with a bandwidth of ~0.006 nm and can be operated with a repetition rate of up to 200 Hz. It consists of a mirror tuned distributed feedback dye laser which is directly pumped by a XeCl excimer laser. Fine tuning and accurate stabilization of the dye laser wavelength are performed by electronically controlling the temperature of the dye liquid. The long-time stability of the laser wavelength is 0.0028 nm; this is achieved by a novel mechanical and electronic arrangement.
Direct Measurement of Angles Between Bond Vectors in High-Resolution NMR (1997)

Angles between two interatomic vectors are measured for structure elucidation in solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The angles can be determined directly by using the effects of dipole-dipole cross-correlated relaxation of double-quantum and zero-quantum coherences. The measured rates can be directly related to the angular geometry without need for calibration of a Karplus-type curve, as is the case for scalar coupling measurements, and depend only on the rotational correlation time of the molecule as an empirical parameter. This makes the determination of torsional angles independent from the measurement of coupling constants. The two interatomic vectors can in principle be arbitrarily far apart. The method was demonstrated on the measurement of the peptide backbone angle psi in the protein rhodniin, which is difficult to determine in solution by NMR spectroscopy.
Change of plasma leukotriene c4 during myocardial ischemia in humans (1996)

Changes in leukotriene C4 levels during different degrees of myocardial ischemia in humans were examined by comparing radioimmunoassay measures of leukotriene C4 plasma levels obtained during transient and prolonged myocardial ischemia. Leukotriene C4 levels in systemic arterial and coronary sinus blood were determined in patients with chronic stable angina before and after myocardial ischemia induced either by exercise (supine bicycle ergometer exercise stress testing; n = 14; age, 52 +/- 8 years) or by coronary occlusion during angioplasty (n = 14; age 53 +/- 7 years). Temporal changes of leukotriene C4 were also followed in arterial and pulmonary artery blood within 24 h after the onset of chest pain (acute phase), and 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month later in 22 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (12 patients with thrombolytic therapy, age 61 +/- 10 years; 10 patients without thrombolytic therapy, age 60 +/- 11 years). Clinical characteristics, including coronary risk factors and the severity of coronary artery disease, were not significantly different among the groups. Exercise-induced myocardial ischemia and coronary occlusion did not induce any significant leukotriene C4 changes in the chronic stable angina patients, whereas AMI patients had significantly higher plasma leukotriene C4 levels in both arterial and pulmonary artery blood in the acute phase compared with those of chronic stable angina patients (arterial blood, 471 +/- 164 pg/ml and 477 +/- 235 pg/ml vs. 275 +/- 254 pg/ml or 240 +/- 66 pg/ml, p < 0.05; pulmonary artery blood in AMI, 543 +/- 162 pg/ml vs. 234 +/- 125 pg/ml or 225 +/- 64 pg/ml, coronary sinus blood in chronic stable angina, p < 0.05). These results suggest that leukotriene C4 is involved more in prolonged myocardial ischemia than in transient myocardial ischemia, and that leukocyte function might play a significant role in the pathogenesis of patients with AMI.
Statistical Computations on Grassmann and Stiefel Manifolds for Image and Video-Based Recognition (2011)

In this paper, we examine image and video-based recognition applications where the underlying models have a special structure—the linear subspace structure. We discuss how commonly used parametric models for videos and image sets can be described using the unified framework of Grassmann and Stiefel manifolds. We first show that the parameters of linear dynamic models are finite-dimensional linear subspaces of appropriate dimensions. Unordered image sets as samples from a finite-dimensional linear subspace naturally fall under this framework. We show that an inference over subspaces can be naturally cast as an inference problem on the Grassmann manifold. To perform recognition using subspace-based models, we need tools from the Riemannian geometry of the Grassmann manifold. This involves a study of the geometric properties of the space, appropriate definitions of Riemannian metrics, and definition of geodesics. Further, we derive statistical modeling of inter and intraclass variations that respect the geometry of the space. We apply techniques such as intrinsic and extrinsic statistics to enable maximum-likelihood classification. We also provide algorithms for unsupervised clustering derived from the geometry of the manifold. Finally, we demonstrate the improved performance of these methods in a wide variety of vision applications such as activity recognition, video-based face recognition, object recognition from image sets, and activity-based video clustering.
Human X-linked phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase superactivity is associated with distinct point mutations in the PRPS1 gene. (1993)

Superactivity of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase (PRS) is an X chromosome-linked disorder of purine metabolism, characterized by gout with uric acid overproduction and, in some families, neurodevelopmental impairment. Two highly homologous isoforms of PRS (PRS1 and PRS2), each encoded by a distinct X chromosome-linked locus, have been identified, and PRS1 and 2 cDNAs have been cloned. The entire 954-base pair translated regions of PRS1 and 2 cDNAs derived from cultured lymphoblasts and fibroblasts from two patients in whom purine nucleotide feedback resistance of PRS is associated with enzyme superactivity and neurodevelopmental defects were examined by direct sequencing after polymerase chain reaction amplification of PRS transcripts. Nucleotide sequences of PRS2 cDNAs from the patients and normal individuals were identical. In contrast, PRS1 cDNAs from the patients differ from normal PRS1 cDNA, each by a single base substitution. PRS1 cDNA from patient N. B. showed an A to G transition at nucleotide 341, corresponding to an asparagine to serine change at amino acid residue 113 of mature PRS1. A G to C transversion at nucleotide 547, indicating an aspartic acid to histidine change at amino acid 182, was found for PRS1 cDNA from patient S. M. Point mutations at the sites identified in the PRS1 cDNAs of the two patients were confirmed by the results of RNase mapping analysis. Normal, N. B., and S. M. PRS1 cDNAs were introduced into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)/pLyS, and recombinant N. B. and S. M. PRS1s showed the purine nucleotide feedback resistance phenotypes characteristic of PRS from patients' cells.
Dissolution of Full-Length Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2001)

Full-length single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were rendered soluble in common organic solvents by noncovalent (ionic) functionalization of the carboxylic acid groups present in the purified SWNTs. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that the majority of the SWNTs ropes were exfoliated into small ropes (2−5 nm in diameter) and individual nanotubes with lengths of several micrometers during the dissolution process. The combination of multiwavelength laser excitation Raman scattering spectroscopy and solution-phase visible and near-infrared spectroscopies was used to characterize the library of SWNTs that is produced in current preparations. The average diameter of metallic nanotubes was found by Raman spectroscopy to be smaller than that of semiconducting nanotubes in the various types of full-length SWNT preparations. This observation sheds new light on the mechanism of SWNT formation.
ESC Guidelines for the management of grown-up congenital heart disease (new version 2010): The Task Force on the Management of Grown-up Congenital Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) (2010)

The ESC Guidelines represent the views of the ESC and were arrived at after careful consideration of the available evidence at the time they were written. Health professionals are encouraged to take them fully into account when exercising their clinical judgement. The guidelines do not, however, override the individual responsibility of health professionals to make appropriate decisions in the circumstances
Interaction of Nucleotides with Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF-1) (1994)

A wide variety of nucleotides are shown to bind to acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) as demonstrated by their ability to (1) inhibit the heat-induced aggregation of the protein, (2) enhance the thermal stability of aFGF as monitored by both intrinsic fluorescence and CD, (3) interact with fluorescent nucleotides and displace a bound polysulfated naphthylurea compound, suramin, (4) reduce the size of heparin-aFGF complexes, and (5) protect a reactive aFGF thiol group. The binding of mononucleotides, diadenosine compounds (ApnA), and inorganic polyphosphates to aFGF is enhanced as the degree of phosphorylation of these anions is increased with the presence of the base reducing the apparent binding affinity. The nature of the base appears to have much less effect. Photoactivatable nucleotides (8N3-ATP, 2N3-ATP, 8N3-GTP, and 8N3-Ap4A) were employed to covalently label the aFGF nucleotide binding site. In general, Kd's in the low micromolar range are observed. Protection against 90% displacement is observed at several hundred micromolar nucleotide concentration. Using 8N3-ATP as a prototypic reagent, photolabeled aFGF was proteolyzed with trypsin and chymotrypsin and labeled peptides were isolated and sequenced resulting in the identification of 10 possible labeled amino acids (Y8, G20, H21, T61, K112, K113, S116, R119, R122, H124). On the basis of the crystal structure of bovine aFGF, eight of the prospective labeled sites appear to be dispersed around the perimeter of the growth factor's presumptive polyanion binding site. On residue (T61) is more distally located but still proximate to several positively charged residues, and another (Y8) is not locatable in crystal structures. Using heparin affinity chromatography, at least three distinct photolabeled aFGF species were resolved. These labeled complexes display diminished affinity for heparin and a reduced ability to stimulate mitogenesis even in the presence of polyanions such as heparin. In conclusion, nucleotides bind apparently nonspecifically to the polyanion binding site of aFGF but nevertheless are capable of modulating the protein's activity. Evidence for the presence of a second or more extended polyanion binding site and the potential biological significance of these results in terms of potential natural ligands of aFGF are also discussed but not resolved.
Scheduling designs into a time-multiplexed FPGA (1998)

An algorithm is presented for partitioning a design in time. The algorithm devides a large, technology-mapped design into multiple configurations of a time-multiplexed FPGA. These configurations are rapidly executed in the FPGA to emulate the large design. The tool includes facilities for optimizing the partitioning to improve routability, for fitting the design into more configurations than the depth of the critical path and for compressing the critical path of the design into fewer configurations, both to fit the design into the device and to improve performance. Scheduling results are shown for mapping designs into an 8-configuration time-multiplexed FPGA and for architecture investigation for a time-multiplexed FPGA.
Quantitative Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry for Rapid Resistance Detection (2014)

Antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative microorganisms is an increasing health care problem. The rapid detection of such resistance is crucial for starting an early specific therapy and to enable initiation of the required hygiene measures. With continued emphasis on reducing the cost of laboratory testing, only economical/low-cost approaches have a chance of being implemented. During recent years, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been developed to be a standard method in microbiology laboratories for the rapid and cost-efficient identification of microorganisms. Extending the usage of MALDI-TOF MS in the clinical microbiology laboratory to the area of resistance testing is an attractive option. Quantitative MALDI-TOF MS using an internal standard facilitates the measurement of the quantity of peptides and small proteins within a spectrum. These quantities correlate to the number of microorganisms and therefore to the growth of a microorganism. The comparison of growth in the presence or absence of an antibiotic allows for analysis of the susceptibility behavior of a strain. Here, we describe a novel method and its application in the analysis of 108 Klebsiella sp. isolates. After 1 h of incubation at a meropenem concentration of 8 μg/ml, a sensitivity of 97.3% and a specificity of 93.5% were achieved (compared to Etest results).
Experiences building the open OODB query optimizer (1993)

This paper reports our experiences building the query optimizer for TI's Open OODB system. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first working object query optimizer to be based on a complete extensible optimization framework including logical algebra, execution algorithms, property enforcers, logical transformation rules, implementation rules, and selectivity and cost estimation. Our algebra incorporates a new materialize operator with its corresponding logical transformation and implementation rules that enable the optimization of path expressions. Initial experiments on queries obtained from the object query optimization literature demonstrate that our optimizer is able to derive plans that are as efficient as, and often substantially more efficient than, the plans generated by other query optimization strategies. These experiments demonstrate that our initial choices for populating each part of our optimization framework are reasonable. Our experience also shows that having a complete optimization framework is crucial for two reasons. First, it allows the optimizer to discover plans that cannot be revealed by exploring only the alternatives provided by the logical algebra and its transformations. Second, it helps and forces the database system designer to consider all parts of the framework and to maintain a good balance of choices when incorporating a new logical operator, execution algorithm, transformation rule, or implementation rule. The Open OODB query optimizer was constructed using the Volcano Optimizer Generator, demonstrating that this second-generation optimizer generator enables rapid development of efficient and effective query optimizers for non-standard data models and systems.
Glucocorticoid-Induced Differentiation of Fetal Rat Calvarial Osteoblasts Is Mediated by Bone Morphogenetic Protein-6 (1997)

Glucocorticoids (GCs) at physiological concentrations promote osteoblast differentiation from fetal calvarial cells, calvarial organ cultures, and bone marrow stromal cells; however, the cellular pathways involved are not known. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are recognized as important mediators of osteoblast differentiation. Specific roles for individual BMPs during postembryonic membranous bone formation have yet to be determined. We recently reported that GC potentiated the osteoblast differentiation effects of BMP-2 and BMP-4, but not of BMP-6, which, by itself, was the most potent of the three. In the present study, we used fetal rat secondary calvarial cultures to study the role of BMP-6 during early osteoblast differentiation. Treatment with the GC triamcinolone (10(-9) M) resulted in a 5- to 8-fold increase in BMP-6 steady-state messenger RNA levels, peaking at 12 h. In contrast, BMPs -2, -4, -5, -7, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 messenger RNA levels increased by less than 2-fold, after GC treatment, compared with untreated control cultures at 24 h. BMP-6 protein secretion increased 6- to 7-fold by 12 h and 12-fold (from 7.5 to 90 ng/ml) by 24 h, as measured by quantitative Western analysis. Treatment of cells with oligodeoxynucleotides antisense to BMP-6 diminished secretion of BMP-6 protein and significantly inhibited the GC-induced differentiation, as determined by a 10-fold decrease in the number of mineralized bone nodules, compared with controls that were treated with sense oligonucleotides or no oligonucleotides (ANOVA, P < 0.05). The antisense oligonucleotide inhibition of differentiation was rescued by treatment with exogenous recombinant human BMP-6. We conclude that GC-induced differentiation of osteoblasts from the pluripotent precursors is mediated, in part, by BMP-6. These results suggest that BMP-6 has an important and unique role during early osteoblast differentiation.