gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Solution-Processed Reduced Graphene Oxide Films as Transparent Conductors (2008)

Processable, single-layered graphene oxide (GO) is an intriguing nanomaterial with tremendous potential for electronic applications. We spin-coated GO thin-films on quartz and characterized their sheet resistance and optical transparency using different reduction treatments. A thermal graphitization procedure was most effective, producing films with sheet resistances as low as 10(2) -10(3) Omega/square with 80% transmittance for 550 nm light. Our experiments demonstrate solution-processed GO films have potential as transparent electrodes.
Farsi - German statistical machine translation through bridge language (2010)

Since statistical machine translation outperforms other approaches in the field of machine translation, we used this approach to develop a Farsi-German and a German-Farsi translation system. In this work, first we used an existing English-German bilingual corpus and then we manually translate a large part of the English corpus to Farsi, in order to have the required training data. Thereafter, we employ the idea of using English as the bridge language to build the Farsi-German translation systems, in addition to build the systems on the corresponding Farsi-German bilingual corpus. Because different amount of recourses exist for Farsi-English and German-English language pairs, we investigate different approaches to combine these two machine translation systems. We will show that the BLEU score of Farsi-German system has increased about 15% relatively compared to the baseline system.
Simple and hydrolyzable phenolic compounds in virgin olive oil. 1. Their extraction, separation, and quantitative and semiquantitative evaluation by HPLC (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimple and hydrolyzable phenolic compounds in virgin olive oil. 1. Their extraction, separation, and quantitative and semiquantitative evaluation by HPLCGianfrancesco. Montedoro, Maurizio. Servili, Maura. Baldioli, and Enrico. MiniatiCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1992, 40, 9, 1571–1576Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00021a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00021a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5219Altmetric-Citations607LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lensfree Holographic Imaging of Antibody Microarrays for High-Throughput Detection of Leukocyte Numbers and Function (2010)

Characterization of leukocytes is an integral part of blood analysis and blood-based diagnostics. In the present paper, we combine lensless holographic imaging with antibody microarrays for rapid and multiparametric analysis of leukocytes from human blood. Monoclonal antibodies (Abs) specific for leukocyte surface antigens (CD4 and CD8) and cytokines (TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-2) were printed in an array so as to juxtapose cell capture and cytokine detection antibody (Ab) spots. Integration of Ab microarrays into a microfluidic flow chamber (4 muL volume) followed by incubation with human blood resulted in capture of CD4 and CD8 T-cells on specific Ab spots. On-chip mitogenic activation of these cells induced release of cytokine molecules that were subsequently captured on neighboring anticytokine Ab spots. The binding of IL-2, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma molecules on their respective Ab spots was detected using horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled anticytokine Abs and a visible color reagent. Lensfree holographic imaging was then used to rapidly ( approximately 4 s) enumerate CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocytes captured on Ab spots and to quantify the cytokine signal emanating from IL-2, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma spots on the same chip. To demonstrate the utility of our approach for infectious disease monitoring, blood samples of healthy volunteers and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients were analyzed to determine the CD4/CD8 ratio, an important HIV/AIDS diagnostic marker. The ratio obtained by lensfree on-chip imaging of CD4 and CD8 T-cells captured on Ab spots was in close agreement with conventional microscopy-based cell counting. The present paper, describing tandem use of Ab microarrays and lensfree holographic imaging, paves the way for future development of miniature cytometry devices for multiparametric blood analysis at the point of care or in a resource-limited setting.
Is there any evidence that cerebral protection is beneficial? Experimental data. (2006)

This article presents the available experimental data from the world literature on the use of cerebral protection devices during carotid artery stenting (CAS). Clinical studies relying on surrogate markers of cerebral embolisation in place of neurological event rate as primary outcome measures are evaluated alongside bench-top and animal studies. These surrogate markers include evaluations of outcomes using procedural transcranial Doppler (TCD) and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of brain (DWI). Pathological analyses of debris retrieved from in-vivo analyses of protection devices are also included in this review because although the focus of these studies was primarily clinical, the laboratory data will be preferentially presented and it provides interesting insights. It can be shown that each of the three philosophies of cerebral protection, namely flow arrest (proximal or distal), flow reversal and distal filtration is capable of the entrapment of sizeable debris that would logically threaten devastating stroke if it embolized to the brain. Whilst balloon occlusion significantly reduces the procedural microembolic load (particles less than 60 mm) and flow reversal may be the first means to entirely eliminate it, filters may be associated with increased microembolization. This has been described by some workers as controlled embolization. Certainly, particles smaller than the pore size of currently available filters (60-140 mm) will readily evade capture due to filter periflow and through-flow. There is evidence to suggest that tens of thousands of particles of this size may be released during CAS and there is some evidence that this may be associated with more new white lesions on DWI of brain. The clinical consequences of this controlled embolization however, remain unclear and sophisticated neuropsychometric test batteries may need to be applied at later time points to detect subtle injury that may be compounded by a late inflammatory response around cerebral emboli. Devices relying on placement in the distal internal carotid artery (ICA) for establishment of protection risk intimal damage and the release of microemboli due largely to device deployment and retrieval. Although devices effecting flow arrest and flow reversal will limit all embolization, they do so at the expense of constant procedural cerebral perfusion and may not be tolerated in patients with precarious cerebral reserve capacity, loss of integrity of the Circle of Willis and/or high-grade stenosis of the contralateral ICA. Advances in the concept of cerebral protection will require technical refinements to existing devices, alternative mechanical strategies and/or pharmacological plaque stabilization.
A review of classification algorithms for EEG-based brain–computer interfaces (2007)

In this paper we review classification algorithms used to design brain-computer interface (BCI) systems based on electroencephalography (EEG). We briefly present the commonly employed algorithms and describe their critical properties. Based on the literature, we compare them in terms of performance and provide guidelines to choose the suitable classification algorithm(s) for a specific BCI.
Apoptosis: potential role in renal diseases (1998)

The rapid expansion of the literature on apoptosis in numbers of cells occurs without perturbation of the renal journals reflects the growing interest in this surrounding environment. This ordinarily applies to subject in kidney pathophysiology. Even though cell populations with high turnover, such as leucocytes apoptosis has been known for decades to occur in all or intestinal epithelial cells. Also chemical or physical tissues for the orderly disposal of unnecessary or damage to the tissue may trigger apoptosis, below a unwanted cells, only very recently have scientists begun certain threshold of injury. Above that level, cell to link this physiological process to the pathogenesis disruption occurs, with the release of proinflammatory of renal diseases. Along with its well-known role in components, which in turn amplify damage. Such an renal morphogenesis, where embryonic structures are alternative modality of cell loss, with obvious negative progressively replaced by more mature architectures, implications for survival of the organism, is termed there is now evidence that apoptosis intervenes in such necrosis. Typical examples of this situation are UV or diverse processes as the formation of renal cysts, radiation damage, heat or cold exposure and direct glomerular and interstitial inflammation, scarring and trauma. All these events initially trigger apoptosis,
Germline Transmission of Exogenous Genes in the Chicken (1989)

Difficulties associated with in vitro manipulation and culture of the early chicken embryo have restricted generation of transgenic chickens to approaches that use replication-competent retroviruses. The need to produce transgenic chickens in the absence of replicating virus prompted development of a new method of gene transfer into the chicken. Microinjection of the replication-defective reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) vector ME111 beneath unincubated chicken embryo blastoderms results in infection of germline stem cells. This vector contains genetic information exogenous to the chicken genome, including both the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase gene and the Tn5 neomycin phosphotransferase gene. About 8 percent of male birds hatched from injected embryos contained vector DNA in their semen. All four positive males tested passed vector sequences onto their progeny. Analysis of G1 offspring showed that gonads of G0 male birds were mosaic with respect to insertion of vector provirus. Thus, primordial germ cells present in the unincubated chicken embryo blastoderm are susceptible to infection by defective REV vectors.
Attenuated mutants of the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes obtained by single amino acid substitutions in listeriolysin O (1990)

Listeriolysin O (LLO), a major virulence factor of the intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, shares with other known 'thiol-activated toxins' a conserved undecapeptide, ECTGLAWEWWR, located in the C-terminal region of the protein and containing the unique cysteine of the molecule. Single amino acid substitutions were created in this region to study the role of cysteine and tryptophan residues in the lytic activity of LLO as well as in the virulence of the bacterium. Transformation of a transposon-induced non-haemolytic mutant with plasmids carrying the mutated genes allowed allele exchange and transfer of mutations on to the chromosome by in vivo recombination. The mutant strains secreted a full-length 59 kilodalton LLO. A decrease of 25% in the haemolytic activity in culture supernatants was observed in the case of mutation Cys-484 to Ala and of 80% for mutation Cys-484 to Ser. Mutations Trp-491 and Trp-492 to Ala decreased activity by, respectively, 95% and 99.9%. LLOs produced by the mutants, as the wild type, were active at low pH, inhibited by cholesterol, and able to bind to cell membranes. A close relationship was found between virulence of mutants in the mouse model and haemolytic activity in their culture supernatants. These results demonstrate that the thiol group of Cys-484 is not essential for either haemolytic activity in vitro or virulence in vivo. In contrast, Trp-492 appears to be required for both haemolytic activity and virulence. The finding that the nearly non-haemolytic mutant Trp-492-Ala persisted in the spleen for several days after inoculation indicates that mutagenesis of a virulence determinant can attenuate virulence and provides a novel approach to the development of live vaccine strains.
Apoptosis-based therapies for hematologic malignancies (2005)

Apoptosis is an intrinsic cell death program that plays critical roles in tissue homeostasis, especially in organs where high rates of daily cell production are offset by rapid cell turnover. The hematopoietic system provides numerous examples attesting to the importance of cell death mechanisms for achieving homeostatic control. Much has been learned about the mechanisms of apoptosis of lymphoid and hematopoietic cells since the seminal observation in 1980 that glucocorticoids induce DNA fragmentation and apoptosis of thymocytes and the demonstration in 1990 that depriving colony-stimulating factors from factor-dependent hematopoietic cells causes programmed cell death. From an understanding of the core components of the apoptosis machinery at the molecular and structural levels, many potential new therapies for leukemia and lymphoma are emerging. In this review, we introduce some of the drug discovery targets thus far identified within the core apoptotic machinery and describe some of the progress to date toward translating our growing knowledge about these targets into new therapies for cancer and leukemia.
Diversity of the outer membrane protein P2 gene from major clones of Haemophilus influenzae type b (1989)

In previous studies, it has been demonstrated that outer membrane protein P2 from Haemophilus influenzae type b has porin activity and that antibody directed against P2 is protective in an infant rat bacteraemic model. Outer membrane protein subtyping has been employed to subclassify type b Haemophilus isolates. Strain MinnA has the outer membrane protein subtype 1H and is representative of the dominant clonal group of disease-producing isolates in the United States. In the present study, the P2 gene from strain MinnA was employed to probe EcoRI- and Pvull-digested chromosomal DNA from 24 Haemophilus influenzae type b isolates representative of the common outer membrane protein subtype groups observed throughout the world. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms were identified for the members of the outer membrane protein subtype 3L group, but not for the other subtypes examined. The P2 gene from each of four prototype isolates was then cloned, sequenced and compared to the previously reported sequence of the strain MinnA gene. The P2 gene from each of two isolates with the outer membrane protein subtype 3L was identical to the MinnA P2 sequence. The P2 gene from a subtype 2L isolate differed by a single nucleotide and the gene from a subtype 6U isolate differed by 13 nucleotides. Thus, the P2 protein is highly conserved among type b isolates.
Prion-like Properties of Tau Protein: The Importance of Extracellular Tau as a Therapeutic Target (2014)

Work over the past 4 years indicates that multiple proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases, especially Tau and α-synuclein, can propagate aggregates between cells in a prion-like manner. This means that once an aggregate is formed it can escape the cell of origin, contact a connected cell, enter the cell, and induce further aggregation via templated conformational change. The prion model predicts a key role for extracellular protein aggregates in mediating progression of disease. This suggests new therapeutic approaches based on blocking neuronal uptake of protein aggregates and promoting their clearance. This will likely include therapeutic antibodies or small molecules, both of which can be developed and optimized in vitro prior to preclinical studies.
Immunogenicity of Heterologous Prime-Boost Regimens Involving Recombinant Adenovirus Serotype 11 (Ad11) and Ad35 Vaccine Vectors in the Presence of Anti-Ad5 Immunity (2005)

The high prevalence of preexisting immunity to adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) in human populations will likely limit the immunogenicity and clinical utility of recombinant Ad5 (rAd5) vector-based vaccines for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and other pathogens. A potential solution to this problem is to utilize rAd vaccine vectors derived from rare Ad serotypes such as Ad35 and Ad11. We have previously reported that rAd35 vectors were immunogenic in the presence of anti-Ad5 immunity, but the immunogenicity of heterologous rAd prime-boost regimens and the extent that cross-reactive anti-vector immunity may limit this approach have not been fully explored. Here we assess the immunogenicity of heterologous vaccine regimens involving rAd5, rAd35, and novel rAd11 vectors expressing simian immunodeficiency virus Gag in mice both with and without anti-Ad5 immunity. Heterologous rAd prime-boost regimens proved significantly more immunogenic than homologous regimens, as expected. Importantly, all regimens that included rAd5 were markedly suppressed by anti-Ad5 immunity. In contrast, rAd35-rAd11 and rAd11-rAd35 regimens elicited high-frequency immune responses both in the presence and in the absence of anti-Ad5 immunity, although we also detected clear cross-reactive Ad35/Ad11-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Nevertheless, these data suggest the potential utility of heterologous rAd prime-boost vaccine regimens using vectors derived from rare human Ad serotypes.
Hepatitis B vaccination in patients with chronic hepatitis C (1999)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety, immunogenicity, and possible therapeutic effect of hepatitis B vaccine in patients with chronic hepatitis C. The subjects studied included three groups: group I, 26 patients with chronic hepatitis C who were susceptible to hepatitis B virus infection; group II, 35 healthy subjects who were susceptible to both hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus infection; and group III, 30 patients with chronic hepatitis C receiving no hepatitis B vaccination as controls. Three 20 microg/dose of recombinant hepatitis B vaccines were given to subjects of groups I and II in months 0, 1, and 6. Blood samples from the subjects were collected before and 1 month after each dose of vaccination for serological testing. The subjects of groups I and II had similar antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) response rates after the first (30.8% vs. 17.1%), second (61.5% vs. 60.0%), and third (88.5% vs. 91.4%) doses of vaccination. Also, their geometric mean titers of anti-HBs did not differ much when vaccination completed in 7 months (360 vs. 581 mIU/ml). During vaccination period, patients with chronic hepatitis C demonstrated no significant change of serum cytokines and HCV RNA levels, but significantly lowered ALT levels after three doses of vaccination. Hepatitis B vaccination is safe and immunogenic in patients with chronic hepatitis C. It did not significantly affect their levels of HCV RNA, but tended to lower ALT levels.
Vernacular architecture: A theory of hybridisation (1983)

Until the 1950s the word vernacular referred to things other than architecture. The word has an interesting evolution, briefly as follows. Its Latin roots refer to native or indigenous, vernaculus. Later, Italians referred to a vernaculus as either a home-born slave or a native. More recently vernacular generally referred to language, that is, native or indigenous language of a country or a district; a dialect. One can extend a very early definition of a vernacular person being a slave born in a master's house to be understood as someone or thing belonging to or developed in a larger house cal-led place, a particular place, or even a region and, if such might be the case, a country, that is, an entire nation. It can be something belonging to or developed in a home or place, but further, it must be recognizable as such. That recognition comes from the senses accepting it as of a place by its character of being recognizably common to that place. Certain arts, or features of those arts, were included. It is with this toe-hold on the more recent understanding and use of the word that archaeologists and architectural historians extended the term's definition to include architecture.
An optically active terpenic synthon for .DELTA.9-cannabinoids: synthesis of (-)-11-hydroxy-.DELTA.9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and its 1',1'-dimethylheptyl analog (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn optically active terpenic synthon for .DELTA.9-cannabinoids: synthesis of (-)-11-hydroxy-.DELTA.9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and its 1',1'-dimethylheptyl analogCraig Siegel, Patrick M. Gordon, and Raj K. RazdanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 23, 5428–5430Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00284a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00284a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views732Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts