gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blood Flow Measurement Using a Highly Filled Carbon Polymer Sandwich Sensor and an Elasto-Pseudo Compressible Vascular Flow (1996)

Vascular grafts are widely employed in clinical practice and still pose significant problems of compatibility and longevity, particularly when the prosthesis is to replace arteries of small diameter. Once a graft has been implanted in the vascular tree, there is no easy way of assessing its interactions with the surrounding tissue. Doppler flow probes or some imaging techniques are commonly used to monitor flow velocity in vascular prostheses. It is, however, difficult to monitor a patient's recovery on a continuous basis. Continuous means of measurement can be quite invaluable. This paper presents a high-carbon filled polymer (HCFP) sensor that is developed for blood flow measurement in vascular grafts. Furthermore, a computational fluid dynamics model of incompressible blood flow in elastic blood vessels is presented.
Tarantula Hemocyanin Shows Phenoloxidase Activity (1998)

An enzyme generally catalyzes one well defined reaction with high specificity and efficiency. We report here in contrast that the copper protein hemocyanin of the tarantula Eurypelma californicum exhibits two different functions. These occur at the same active site. While hemocyanin usually is an oxygen carrier, its function can be transformed totally to monophenoloxidase and o-diphenoloxidase activity after limited proteolysis with trypsin or chymotrypsin. N-acetyldopamine (NADA) is more effectively oxidized than L-dopa or dopamine. This irreversible functional switch of tarantula hemocyanin function is limited to the two subunits b and c of its seven subunit types. A conserved phenylalanine in the hemocyanin molecule acts as a placeholder for other substrates that are phenylalanine derivatives. The proteolytic cleavage removes an N-terminal fragment, including the critical phenylalanine residue, which opens an entrance for substrates. Therefore no new arrangement of the active site, with its two copper atoms and the mu - eta2:eta2 bound O2 molecule, is necessary to develop the catalytic function.
High expression of CD73 as a poor prognostic biomarker in human colorectal cancer (2012)

High expression of CD73 can be an independent and useful biomarker for predicting the poor survival of patients with CRC.
Epoxyorganosiloxanes (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEpoxyorganosiloxanesE. P. Plueddemann and G. FangerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 11, 2632–2635Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01520a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01520a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views546Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Punishment and Age (2014)

Abstract In a landmark decision, the Supreme Court of the United States ( SCOTUS ) banned the execution of offenders who were under the age of 18 at the time of their offense. In their 5–4 opinion, the Court stated that there had been a growing national consensus against the death penalty for youthful offenders, and noted their belief that these offenders were less culpable for their actions because of deficits in decision‐making ability, impulse control, and maturity. Of interest, in 2006, the Court declined to hear a case that addressed the constitutionality of the death penalty for aged prisoners (i.e., Allen v. Ornoski ). For many years, it has been recognized that the process of aging is associated with changes in cognitive abilities that may negatively impact flexibility of thought, perspective taking, decision making, and memory. It can be readily seen that these deficits, like those associated with youth, may put the aged prisoner in a position in which the imposition of capital punishment is in violation of the Eighth Amendment of the United States Constitution. To date, however, this issue has not been heard by the High Court.
DNA methylation and the frequency of CpG in animal DNA (1980)

An analysis of nearest neighbour dinucleotide frequencies and the level of DNA methylation in animals strongly supports the suggestion that 5-methylcytosine (5mC) tends to mutate abnormally frequently to T. This tendency is the likely cause of the CpG deficiency in heavily methylated genomes.
Management of Complex Dynamic Systems based on Model-Predictive Multi-objective Optimization (2006)

Over the past two decades, model predictive control and decision-making strategies have established themselves as powerful methods for optimally managing the behavior of complex dynamic industrial systems and processes. This paper presents a novel model-based multi-objective optimization and decision-making approach to model-predictive decision-making. The approach integrates predictive modeling based on neural networks, optimization based on multi-objective evolutionary algorithms, and decision-making based on Pareto frontier techniques. The predictive models are adaptive, and continually update themselves to reflect with high fidelity the gradually changing underlying system dynamics. The integrated approach, embedded in a real-time plant optimization and control software environment has been deployed to dynamically optimize emissions and efficiency while simultaneously meeting load demands and other operational constraints in a complex real-world power plant. While this approach is described in the context of power plants, the method is adaptable to a wide variety of industrial process control and management applications
Conditionally Immortalized Cell Lines as a New In Vitro Model for the Study of Barrier Functions (2001)

Conditionally immortalized brain and retinal capillary endothelial and choroid plexus epithelial cell lines were established from a transgenic rat (Tg rat) and mouse (Tg mouse) harboring the temperature-sensitive simian virus 40 (ts SV 40) large T-antigen. These cell lines exhibit temperature-sensitive cell growth due to the expression of ts SV 40 large T-antigen. Mouse brain (TM-BBB) and rat brain (TR-BBB) and rat retinal (TR-iBRB) capillary endothelial cell lines appear to have a spindle-fiber shaped morphology and exhibit the typical endothelial markers, such as von Willebrand factor and acetylated low-density lipoprotein uptake. These cell lines express in vivo influx and efflux transporters, such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and GLUT1, which is capable of 3-O-methyl-D-glucose transport. TM-BBB cells are able to undergo efflux transport of cyclosporin A, which is a substrate for P-gp transport activity. They may also express oatp2 and exhibit dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and digoxin uptake activity. TR-BBB cells express the mRNA of multidrug resistance associated protein 1 (MRP1) and a large neutral amino acid transporter, which consists of LAT1 and 4F2hc. TR-iBRB cells exhibit pH-dependent L-lactic acid transport activity and express the mRNA of monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) 1 and 2. The choroid plexus epithelial cell line (TR-CSFB) has polygonal cell morphology, expresses the typical choroid plexus epithelial cell marker, transthyretin, and has Na+, K+-ATPase located on the apical side. TR-CSFB cells also exhibit amino acid transport activity which has been observed in vivo. These barrier cell lines established from the Tg rat and Tg mouse have in vivo transport functions and are good in vitro models for drug transport to the brain and retina and as a screen for drugs which might be capable of delivery to the brain and retina.
Video Watermarking Algorithm Based on Relative Relationship of DCT Coefficients (2013)

A video watermarking algorithm based on relative relationship of DCT coefficients is proposed in this paper. By modification of coefficients on chosen positions, the robustness of watermark embedding is ensured. Meanwhile, as the relationship of coefficients remains unchanged, the quality of video is not affected. The analysis results shows that the performance of proposed algorithm is better than the typical algorithms.
Polymeric membrane anion-selective electrodes based on diquaternary ammonium salts (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymeric membrane anion-selective electrodes based on diquaternary ammonium saltsVanessa J. Wotring, David M. Johnson, and Leonidas G. BachasCite this: Anal. Chem. 1990, 62, 14, 1506–1510Publication Date (Print):July 15, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 July 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00213a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00213a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views238Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
CD34+ marrow cells, devoid of T and B lymphocytes, reconstitute stable lymphopoiesis and myelopoiesis in lethally irradiated allogeneic baboons (1992)

CD34+ cells devoid of detectable mature and immature T and B lymphocytes, expressing the CD2, CD10, and CD20 antigens, were isolated from marrows of three pairs of sex-mismatched, mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) nonreactive, sibling baboons. Reciprocal transplants were performed between members of each pair, using the sex chromosomes, identified by standard cytogenetic techniques, as markers of the transplanted cells. Five animals from these three pairs were transplanted with 0.6 to 2.1 x 10(6)/kg of isolated cryopreserved and/or fresh isolated cells that were greater than 95% to 97% CD34+. Before transplantation, animals were treated with either single (920 or 1,020 cGy) or split (700 cGy x 2) dose total body irradiation. All animals engrafted with donor cells, as demonstrated by cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow metaphase cells 4 weeks after transplantation, with days to white blood cell count (WBC) greater than 500 being 19 +/- 2, to WBC greater than 1,000 23 +/- 2, to absolute neutrophil count greater than 500 24 +/- 3, and to platelets greater than 20,000 30 +/- 7. Three animals died of infectious-related complications at 34, 42, and 109 days after transplantation with evidence of host and donor cells (mixed chimerism) in marrow. Two animals remain alive and healthy more than 545 and 455 days after transplantation with stable mixed chimerism in marrow and blood. For these two animals, cytogenetic analysis of granulocyte/macrophage and erythroid colonies derived from marrow precursors between weeks 25 and 42 posttransplant showed evidence of mixed chimerism. Cytogenetic studies of CD2+ T cells and CD20+ B cells isolated from blood of these two animals between weeks 21 and 51 posttransplant showed the presence of mixed chimerism in both lymphocyte populations. Thus, isolated allogeneic CD34+ marrow cells devoid of detectable mature and immature T and B lymphocytes can engraft and reconstitute stable long-term myelopoiesis and lymphopoiesis in lethally irradiated baboons. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that CD34+ marrow cells contain pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells capable of fully reconstituting lymphohematopoiesis in the transplanted host.
A crystalline synthetic peptide representing the epitope of a monoclonal antibody raised against synthetic interferon-a1 fragment 111 - 166 (1985)

The antigenic determinant recognized by the monoclonal antibody that had been raised against synthetic human interferon-alpha 1 (IFN-alpha 1) fragment 111-166 [Arnheiter, H., Thomas, R.M., Leist, T., Fountoulakis, M., and Gutte, B. (1981) Nature (Lond.) 294, 278-280] and that cross-reacted with human IFN-alpha 1, IFN-alpha 2, and IFN-alpha A made in Escherichia coli, was localized to the region between residues 151 and 166 using synthetic COOH-terminal interferon fragments. In solid-phase radioimmunoassays neither the strongly hydrophilic COOH-terminal nonapeptide IFN 158-166 nor its mixtures with IFN 151-162 or IFN 149-158 showed any measurable interaction with the antigen binding site of the monoclonal antibody. For antibody binding, the full covalent structure of IFN 151-166 was required. Quantitatively very similar results were obtained with IFN 149-166 and IFN 143-166. The synthetic COOH-terminal hexadecapeptide of human IFN-alpha 1 (IFN 151-166) could be crystallized.
FK506 and rapamycin binding to FKBP: common elements in immunophilin-ligand complexation (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFK506 and rapamycin binding to FKBP: common elements in immunophilin-ligand complexationThomas J. Wandless, Stephen W. Michnick, Michael K. Rosen, Martin Karplus, and Stuart L. SchreiberCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 6, 2339–2341Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00006a083https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00006a083research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views312Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Neurological mouse mutants and the genes of myelin (1994)

The prospect to create mouse mutants of virtually any cloned gene has renewed interest in the genetic analysis of mammalian brain development. A diverse group of spontaneous and engineered mouse mutants, characterized by a defect of myelin formation, has been intensively studied from the morphological to the molecular level. In this system, genetics has been successfully applied to analyze a corresponding set of membrane proteins which help to elaborate a defined structural entity, compact myelin. Shiverer, jimpy, Trembler, and protein zero (P0)-deficient mice demonstrate the overall function of myelination and have become models for human neurological diseases. They also illustrate some of the problems encountered in defining protein functions from complex mutant phenotypes.
Optimal observation apertures for a turbulence-distorted wave front (1989)

For given statistics of optical disturbance, the minimal error of wave-front reconstruction is a function of sensor aperture weighting. By minimizing the reconstruction error with respect to sensor aperture weighting, we obtain a defining equation for the optimal observation aperture. In this paper we examine the optimal-observation-aperture problem for a turbulence-distorted wave front, with and without a constraint of nonoverlapping subapertures. In the one- and two-dimensional examples studied, the performance of the optimal system is compared with that of conventional Hartmann-type sensors with optimal reconstruction.
Growth of Gram-Negative Bacteria in Dry Cow Secretion (1990)

Gram-negative bacteria (n = 192) isolated from infected bovine mammary glands were tested for growth in a pooled source of dry cow secretion. Growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae in dry cow secretion was greater than growth of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella oxytoca. Escherichia coli originating during the early dry period exhibited greater growth in dry cow secretion than those originating around calving or during lactation. Klebsiella pneumoniae growth did not differ with time of origin of intramammary infection. Escherichia coli, K. oxytoca, and K. pneumoniae growth in a synthetic medium was reduced by apolactoferrin plus Ig. Growth reduction was greatest for E. coli. Citrate reversed growth inhibition. The inhibitory properties of dry cow secretion for E. coli may contribute to the low number of naturally occurring intramammary infections originating during the early part of the dry period. Inhibitory properties of dry cow secretion are partially explained by lactoferrin acting in conjunction with antibody to prevent iron acquisition by many gram-negative bacteria.
Functional Magnetic Resonance of Human Breast Tumors (2002)

This review is focused on two relatively new developments in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and their application to breast lesion characterization: diffusion and perfusion MRI. Diffusion MRI measures the mobility of the water protons and thus provides a window to tissue microstructure. Perfusion MRI measures the rate at which blood is delivered to tissue and thus provides information about microvasculature. Because both tissue structure and vasculature are likely to change in disease states, measurement of diffusion and perfusion may have direct physiologic relevance. This review covers topics related to the imaging sequences, image analysis, and clinical studies for diffusion and perfusion breast MRI. Preliminary studies show that the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) is a marker of cell density and can distinguish malignant from benign lesions. Perfusion MR also shows promise for breast tumor characterization: malignant tumors have consistently higher relative tissue blood volumes (rTBV) than normal and benign tumors. Additional research is required with large patient cohorts to establish these two techniques on a clinical footing.
Effect of vertical vibration on respiratory airflow and transpulmonary pressure (1965)

The response of the human thoracoabdominal system to whole-body, vertical, sinusoidal vibration has been studied. Peak acceleration of the shake table was held constant (±0.5 G), and frequency varied between 2 and 10 cycles/sec. Subjects were seated with trunk axes parallel with the direction of acceleration. The amplitude of forced airflow oscillation increased with frequency to an average 1,368 cm3/sec at 6 cycles/sec and then decreased. The maximum average volume of air forced in or out of the lung with vibration was 46 cm3 at 5 cycles/sec. Transpulmonary pressure fluctuation exhibited a peak average amplitude of 5.44 cm H2O at 5 cycles/sec. The response to square-wave table motion was also investigated. The transient flow oscillation produced by the step function had an average frequency of 5.6 cycles/sec. Measurements of the logarithmic decrement of transient flow oscillation indicate the total thoracoabdominal system is underdamped (hV = 0.1–0.2). The calculated damping for the lung subsystem indicates very high damping (hL = 4.5). Measurements of abdominal deformation produced by the step function suggest the transient flow oscillations result from close coupling of the lung to other components of the thoracoabdominal system. Note: (With the Technical Assistance of Tom Sharp, Roger Shannon, and Judith White) whole-body vibration; periodic vertical acceleration; vibration-induced changes in respiration; oscillation; mechanics of thoracoabdominal system Submitted on February 14, 1964
Hyperbranched Polyester Hydrogels with Controlled Drug Release and Cell Adhesion Properties (2013)

Hyperbranched polyesters (HPE) have a high efficiency to encapsulate bioactive agents, including drugs, genes, and proteins, due to their globe-like nanostructure. However, the use of these highly branched polymeric systems for tissue engineering applications has not been broadly investigated. Here, we report synthesis and characterization of photocrosslinkable HPE hydrogels with sustained drug release characteristics for cellular therapies. These HPE can encapsulate hydrophobic drug molecules within the HPE cavities due to the presence of a hydrophobic inner structure that is otherwise difficult to achieve in conventional hydrogels. The functionalization of HPE with photocrosslinkable acrylate moieties renders the formation of hydrogels with a highly porous interconnected structure and mechanically tough network. The compressive modulus of HPE hydrogels was tunable by changing the crosslinking density. The feasibility of using these HPE networks for cellular therapies was investigated by evaluating cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation on hydrogel surface. Highly crosslinked and mechanically stiff HPE hydrogels have higher cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation compared to soft and complaint HPE hydrogels. Overall, we showed that hydrogels made from HPE could be used for biomedical applications that require spatial control of cell adhesion and controlled release of hydrophobic clues.
Information revelation and privacy in online social networks (2005)

Participation in social networking sites has dramatically increased in recent years. Services such as Friendster, Tribe, or the Facebook allow millions of individuals to create online profiles and share personal information with vast networks of friends - and, often, unknown numbers of strangers. In this paper we study patterns of information revelation in online social networks and their privacy implications. We analyze the online behavior of more than 4,000 Carnegie Mellon University students who have joined a popular social networking site catered to colleges. We evaluate the amount of information they disclose and study their usage of the site's privacy settings. We highlight potential attacks on various aspects of their privacy, and we show that only a minimal percentage of users changes the highly permeable privacy preferences.