gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subattomole Amino Acid Analysis by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis and Laser-Induced Fluorescence (1988)

Subattomole analysis of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) derivatives of amino acids is accomplished by combining capillary zone electrophoresis for high-efficiency separation with laser-induced fluorescence for high-sensitivity detection. Concentration detection limits range from 5 x 10(-12) molar for alanine to 9 x 10(-11) molar for lysine, injected in the column; 9 x 10(-21) mole of alanine is contained within the approximately 1-nanoliter injection volume at the detection limit. The alanine detection limit corresponds to fewer than 6000 molecules injected onto the column and represents an improvement of four orders of magnitude in the state of the art for fluorescent detection of amino acids and an improvement of six orders of magnitude in the state of the art for the detection limit for isothiocyanate derivatives of amino acids.
Novel Nickel(II)- and Palladium(II)-Based Catalytic Systems for the Synthesis of Hyperbranched Polymers from Ethene (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTNovel Nickel(II)- and Palladium(II)-Based Catalytic Systems for the Synthesis of Hyperbranched Polymers from EtheneJang Sub Kim, James H. Pawlow, Louis M. Wojcinski, Shahid Murtuza, Smita Kacker, and Ayusman SenView Author Information Department of Chemistry The Pennsylvania State University University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 8, 1932–1933Publication Date (Web):February 14, 1998Publication History Received4 September 1997Published online14 February 1998Published inissue 1 March 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9731128https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9731128rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views377Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alkyls,Aromatic compounds,Catalysts,Hydrocarbons,Polymers Get e-Alerts
Signal averaging in the undergraduate laboratory (1988)

A comprehensive resonance-like experiment for an undergraduate electronics workshop is described. The main purpose is to demonstrate how a microprocessor can be used in experiments and the power this can have as a noise-reduction technique. The experiment demonstrates that, when using signal averaging, the increase of the signal-noise ratio is proportional to the square root of the number of repetitions.
Activation of Arterial Wall Dendritic Cells and Breakdown of Self-tolerance in Giant Cell Arteritis (2004)

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a granulomatous and occlusive vasculitis that causes blindness, stroke, and aortic aneurysm. CD4(+) T cells are selectively activated in the adventitia of affected arteries. In human GCA artery-severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse chimeras, depletion of CD83(+) dendritic cells (DCs) abrogated vasculitis, suggesting that DCs are critical antigen-presenting cells in GCA. Healthy medium-size arteries possessed an indigenous population of DCs at the adventitia-media border. Adoptive T cell transfer into temporal artery-SCID mouse chimeras demonstrated that DCs in healthy arteries were functionally immature, but gained T cell stimulatory capacity after injection of lipopolysaccharide. In patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), a subclinical variant of GCA, adventitial DCs were mature and produced the chemokines CCL19 and CCL21, but vasculitic infiltrates were lacking. Human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen class II-matched healthy arteries, PMR arteries, and GCA arteries were coimplanted into SCID mice. Immature DCs in healthy arteries failed to stimulate T cells, but DCs in PMR arteries could attract, retain, and activate T cells that originated from the GCA lesions. We propose that in situ maturation of DCs in the adventitia is an early event in the pathogenesis of GCA. Activation of adventitial DCs initiates and maintains T cell responses in the artery and breaks tissue tolerance in the perivascular space.
Cell-Penetrating Peptides (2010)

In recent years, a new understanding of cell-penetrating peptides has emerged, helping researchers to expand beyond a number of long-held dogmas. In Cell-Penetrating Peptides: Methods and Protocols, e
Microfluidic cell sorter with integrated piezoelectric actuator (2009)

We demonstrate a low-power (<0.1 mW), low-voltage (<10 V(p-p)) on-chip piezoelectrically actuated micro-sorter that can deflect single particles and cells at high-speed. With rhodamine in the stream, switching of flow between channels can be visualized at high actuation frequency (micro1.7 kHz). The magnitude of the cell deflection can be precisely controlled by the magnitude and waveform of input voltage. Both simulation and experimental results indicate that the drag force imposed on the suspended particle/cell by the instantaneous fluid displacement can alter the trajectory of the particle/cell of any size, shape, and density of interest in a controlled manner. The open-loop E. Coli cell deflection experiment demonstrates that the sorting mechanism can produce a throughput of at least 330 cells/s, with a promise of a significantly higher throughput for an optimized design. To achieve close-loop sorting operation, fluorescence detection, real-time signal processing, and field-programmable-gate-array (FPGA) implementation of the control algorithms were developed to perform automated sorting of fluorescent beads. The preliminary results show error-free sorting at a sorting efficiency of micro 70%. Since the piezoelectric actuator has an intrinsic response time of 0.1-1 ms and the sorting can be performed under high flowrate (particle speed of micro 1-10 cm/s), the system can achieve a throughput of >1,000 particles/s with high purity.
Cooperative carbon capture and steam regeneration with tetraamine-appended metal–organic frameworks (2020)

Natural gas has become the dominant source of electricity in the United States, and technologies capable of efficiently removing carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) from the flue emissions of natural gas-fired power plants could reduce their carbon intensity. However, given the low partial pressure of CO<sub>2</sub> in the flue stream, separation of CO<sub>2</sub> is particularly challenging. Taking inspiration from the crystal structures of diamine-appended metal-organic frameworks exhibiting two-step cooperative CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption, we report a family of robust tetraamine-functionalized frameworks that retain cooperativity, leading to the potential for exceptional efficiency in capturing CO<sub>2</sub> under the extreme conditions relevant to natural gas flue emissions. The ordered, multimetal coordination of the tetraamines imparts the materials with extraordinary stability to adsorption-desorption cycling with simulated humid flue gas and enables regeneration using low-temperature steam in lieu of costly pressure or temperature swings.
Knowledge of Stimulus Repetition Affects the Magnitude and Spatial Distribution of Low-Frequency Event-Related Brain Potentials (2002)

Rate effects are defined as a reduction in amplitude of an evoked brain response with increasing stimulus frequency. In auditory paired-stimulus paradigms, a smaller amplitude evoked response to the second stimulus at a latency of 50 ms has been proposed to index a preattentive sensory gating mechanism. The present study investigated the possibility that expectancy and/or attentional biases could alter evoked potentials associated with rate effects. EEG data were recorded from 30 channels while subjects received 240 trials of 1, 2 or 3 click stimuli (with successive stimuli being separated by 500-ms intervals). Half of the subjects knew (blocked condition) and half of the subjects did not know (mixed condition) how many stimuli they would receive on a given trial. Subjects in the blocked condition had a significantly larger rate effect than subjects in the mixed condition. This effect was present only for low-frequency components of the event-related brain potential (ERP; below 10 Hz) and occurred from 30 to 60, 90 to 160 and 190 to 260 ms after stimulus presentation (P(1)-N(1)-P(2) complex). Mixed condition subjects also had larger contributions to their ERPs from temporal channels. These results suggest that the rate effect can be significantly altered by expectancy, and they are inconsistent with the thesis that ERPs near 50 ms in a paired-stimulus paradigm solely index a preattentive sensory gating mechanism.
Temporal considerations in sensor management (2002)

Modern military avionics systems rely heavily on the integration of sensory data (sensor fusion) to assess state and maintain situation awareness. Sensor Management entails the control of the information-gathering activities which drive the sensor fusion process; it is a critical part of sensor fusion which has only recently begun to receive attention as a separate and somewhat under-researched area in the larger science of Sensor Fusion. This paper focuses on sensor management describing first its place in the larger context and secondly, qualitatively describing temporal issues for modeling the sensor management problem.
Heterogeneous bubble nucleation in PCL/clay nanocomposite foams (2003)

AbstractAbstractNanocomposites based on biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) and organically modified layered silicates (organoclay) have been prepared by melt mixing. The isothermal crystallisation of polycaprolactone/clay nanocomposites showed that the well-dispersed organoclay platelets acted as nucleating agents in the PCL matrix, as confirmed by a remarkable reduction of the crystallisation half-time t1/2. The nanocomposites showed much higher complex viscosity than that of the neat PCL and pseudosolid-like behaviour in the low frequency range. The foaming process of PCL/clay nanocomposites containing 2%wt and 5%wt of clay were investigated by using a batch process. The results showed that the presence of clay resulted in an increase in cell density and a reduction of cell size compared to pure PCL and higher densities due to the higher viscosity of the melt.
Clinical significance of cyclin B1 protein expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. (2001)

Our study indicates that cyclin B1 is overexpressed in a subset of SCC of the tongue and is associated with a more aggressive biological behavior of the disease.
Cell-cycle-dependent changes in ceramide levels preceding retinoblastoma protein dephosphorylation in G2/M (1998)

Ceramide functions as a growth-inhibitory lipid-signalling molecule and might have a role in mediating the effects of extracellular agents on cell growth, differentiation and senescence. Here we investigate the roles of ceramide in cell cycle progression. With the use of the model of serum withdrawal, we were able to synchronize Wi-38 human diploid fibroblasts at different stages of cell cycle. Serum stimulation resulted in G0 to G1/S progression as determined by flow cytometric analysis and [3H]thymidine incorporation. Analyses of endogenous ceramide levels demonstrated that ceramide levels remained relatively constant on serum stimulation, indicating that ceramide might not be critical during G1/S transition. Treating exponentially growing Wi-38 human diploid fibroblasts with nocodazole led to cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle; 2 h after the removal of nocodazole, retinoblastoma (Rb) protein became dephosphorylated and the cells exited from G2/M and moved to the G1 phase of the new cycle. When cells were released from G2/M block by nocodazole, and before Rb protein dephosphorylation, endogenous ceramide levels transiently increased up to 2-fold at 0.5 h after the removal of nocodazole. Fumonisin B1, an inhibitor of ceramide synthase, inhibited the elevation of ceramide levels. Desipramine and SR33557, both acid sphingomyelinase inhibitors, did not have an appreciable effect on the elevation of ceramide levels. Furthermore, fumonisin B1 inhibited Rb protein dephosphorylation induced by endogenous ceramide but not by exogenous ceramide. These results demonstrate for the first time changes in ceramide during cell cycle progression and suggest that ceramide synthesized de novo might function as an endogenous modulator of Rb protein and cell cycle progression.
Targeting mTOR Signaling Can Prevent the Progression of FSGS (2017)

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is involved in a variety of kidney diseases. Clinical trials administering mTOR inhibitors to patients with FSGS, a prototypic podocyte disease, led to conflicting results, ranging from remission to deterioration of kidney function. Here, we combined complex genetic titration of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) levels in murine glomerular disease models, pharmacologic studies, and human studies to precisely delineate the role of mTOR in FSGS. mTORC1 target genes were significantly induced in microdissected glomeruli from both patients with FSGS and a murine FSGS model. Furthermore, a mouse model with constitutive mTORC1 activation closely recapitulated human FSGS. Notably, the complete knockout of mTORC1 by induced deletion of both <i>Raptor</i> alleles accelerated the progression of murine FSGS models. However, lowering mTORC1 signaling by deleting just one <i>Raptor</i> allele ameliorated the progression of glomerulosclerosis. Similarly, low-dose treatment with the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin efficiently diminished disease progression. Mechanistically, complete pharmacologic inhibition of mTOR in immortalized podocytes shifted the cellular energy metabolism toward reduced rates of oxidative phosphorylation and anaerobic glycolysis, which correlated with increased production of reactive oxygen species. Together, these data suggest that podocyte injury and loss is commonly followed by adaptive mTOR activation. Prolonged mTOR activation, however, results in a metabolic podocyte reprogramming leading to increased cellular stress and dedifferentiation, thus offering a treatment rationale for incomplete mTOR inhibition.
Full reconstitution of human platelets in humanized mice after macrophage depletion (2012)

Cotransplantation of human fetal thymic tissue and CD34(+) fetal liver cells in nonobese diabetic (NOD)/severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) or NOD/SCID/γc(-/-) mice results in the development of multilineage human hematopoietic cells. In this study, we show that these humanized mice had extremely low levels of human platelets. The presence of human megakaryocytes at a normal concentration in the bone marrow suggests that human megakaryocytic differentiation occurred efficiently in these mice. Rapid increase in human platelets in blood to levels comparable with those of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after macrophage depletion indicates that mouse macrophages are responsible for the poor human platelet reconstitution in humanized mice. In support of this possibility, human platelets were rapidly rejected after infusion into untreated mice, but persisted in macrophage-depleted mice. These findings indicate that inhibition or depletion of recipient mouse macrophages may provide a useful means for evaluating human thrombopoiesis and platelet function in vivo using immunodeficient mice.
Dexrazoxane in the Prevention of Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity (1994)

Dexrazoxane is hydrolyzed to its active form intracellularly and binds iron to prevent the formation of superhydroxide radicals, thus preventing mitochondrial destruction. The effect of dexrazoxane on the prevention of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is impressive in both animal and human studies. Further research is needed to clearly demonstrate the effect dexrazoxane has on the antitumor effects of combination chemotherapy while defining optimal dosing strategies to minimize myelosuppression and maximize cardioprotection.
Suppressed expression of RETROGRADE-REGULATED MALE STERILITY restores pollen fertility in cytoplasmic male sterile rice plants (2009)

Conflict/reconciliation between mitochondria and nuclei in plants is manifested by the fate of pollen (viable or nonviable) in the cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS)/fertility restoration (Rf) system. Through positional cloning, we identified a nuclear candidate gene, RETROGRADE-REGULATED MALE STERILITY (RMS) for Rf17, a fertility restorer gene for Chinese wild rice (CW)-type CMS in rice (Oryza sativa L.). RNA interference-mediated gene silencing of RMS restored fertility to a CMS plant, whereas its overexpression in the fertility restorer line induced pollen abortion. The mRNA expression level of RMS in mature anthers depended on cytoplasmic genotype, suggesting that RMS is a candidate gene to be regulated via retrograde signaling. We found that a reduced-expression allele of the RMS gene restored fertility in haploid pollen, whereas a normal-expression allele caused pollen to die in the CW-type CMS. RMS encodes a mitochondrial protein, 178 aa in length, of unknown function, unlike the majority of other Rf genes cloned thus far, which encode pentatricopeptide repeat proteins. The unique features of RMS provide novel insights into retrograde signaling and CMS.
Triptan-induced contractile (5-HT1B receptor) responses in human cerebral and coronary arteries: relationship to clinical effect (2005)

Triptans are agonists at 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D (where 5-HT is 5-hydroxytryptamine; serotonin) receptors and cause vasoconstriction of isolated blood vessels. The aim of the present study was to determine vasoconstrictor potency (EC50) of triptans in human coronary and cerebral arteries and to examine whether there was any relationship with the maximal plasma concentrations (Cmax; nM) of the drugs achieved following oral administration of clinically relevant doses to man using values reported in the literature. We also examined the expression of 5-HT1B receptors in atherosclerotic and normal coronary arteries. The vasocontractile responses to sumatriptan, rizatriptan or eletriptan were characterized by in vitro pharmacology. The ratio of Cmax/EC50 was calculated. 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptors were visualized by immunohistochemical techniques in coronary arteries. Sumatriptan, rizatriptan and eletriptan were powerful vasoconstrictors in cerebral artery. The rank order of agonist potency was eletriptan=rizatriptan=sumatriptan. In the coronary artery, the triptans were weaker vasoconstrictors. The rank order of potency was similar. In cerebral artery the ratio of Cmax/EC50 was not significantly different from unity, indicating a relationship between these two parameters. In general for the coronary artery, the ratios were significantly less than unity, indicating no direct relationship. Immunohistochemistry showed expression of 5-HT1B receptors in the medial layer, but did not reveal any obvious difference in 5-HT1B receptor expression between normal and atherosclerotic coronary arteries. The results support the notion that triptans are selective vasoconstrictors of cerebral arteries over coronary arteries and that there is a relationship between vasoconstrictor potency in cerebral arteries and clinically relevant plasma levels.
A Loss Analysis for a 28% Efficient 520X Concentrator Module (2006)

A module efficiency loss analysis has been conducted by comparing the efficiency of the module on-sun (28.2% peak) to the efficiency of the bare cell measured in the laboratory (35.5% peak). This analysis suggests that there are two main loss mechanisms in the module: elevated operating temperature and an optical efficiency less than unity. This analysis also suggests that the effects of spectral and intensity non-uniformity have been well controlled
Molecular Identification and Functional Expression of μ3, a Novel Alternatively Spliced Variant of the Human μ Opiate Receptor Gene (2003)

Studies from our laboratory have revealed a novel mu opiate receptor, mu 3, which is expressed in both vascular tissues and leukocytes. The mu 3 receptor is selective for opiate alkaloids and is insensitive to opioid peptides. We now identify the mu 3 receptor at the molecular level using a 441-bp conserved region of the mu 1 receptor. Sequence analysis of the isolated cDNA suggests that it is a novel, alternatively spliced variant of the mu opiate receptor gene. To determine whether protein expressed from this cDNA exhibits the biochemical characteristics expected of the mu 3 receptor, the cDNA clone was expressed in a heterologous system. At the functional level, COS-1 cells transfected with the mu 3 receptor cDNA exhibited dose-dependent release of NO following treatment with morphine, but not opioid peptides (i.e., Met-enkephalin). Naloxone was able to block the effect of morphine on COS-1 transfected cells. Nontransfected COS-1 cells did not produce NO in the presence of morphine or the opioid peptides at similar concentrations. Receptor binding analysis with [(3)H]dihydromorphine further supports the opiate alkaloid selectivity and opioid peptide insensitivity of this receptor. These data suggest that this new mu opiate receptor cDNA encodes the mu 3 opiate receptor, since it exhibits biochemical characteristics known to be unique to this receptor (opiate alkaloid selective and opioid peptide insensitive). Furthermore, using Northern blot, RT-PCR, and sequence analysis, we have demonstrated the expression of this new mu variant in human vascular tissue, mononuclear cells, polymorphonuclear cells, and human neuroblastoma cells.
It's a numbers game. (2014)

Absorbing the baby boom generation into Medicare sounds daunting, but health care's transformation offers reasons for hope. Part 3 of The Boomer Challenge series.