gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent Advance in the Relationship between Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters and Parkinson’s Disease (2016)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common movement disorder disease in the elderly and is characterized by degeneration of dopamine neurons and formation of Lewy bodies. Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). If glutamate is not removed promptly in the synaptic cleft, it will excessively stimulate the glutamate receptors and induce excitotoxic effects on the CNS. With lack of extracellular enzyme to decompose glutamate, glutamate uptake in the synaptic cleft is mainly achieved by the excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs, also known as high-affinity glutamate transporters). Current studies have confirmed that decreased expression and function of EAATs appear in PD animal models. Moreover, single unilateral administration of EAATs inhibitor in the substantia nigra mimics several PD features and this is a solid evidence supporting that decreased EAATs contribute to the process of PD. Drugs or treatments promoting the expression and function of EAATs are shown to attenuate dopamine neurons death in the substantia nigra and striatum, ameliorate the behavior disorder, and improve cognitive abilities in PD animal models. EAATs are potential effective drug targets in treatment of PD and thus study of relationship between EAATs and PD has predominant medical significance currently.
Effect of N2+Ar Gas on the Structure of MgO Thin Films Deposited by rf-Magnetron Sputtering. (2000)

We report the effect of N2 partial pressure on the structure of MgO thin film deposited on Si (100) substrates by rfmagnetron sputtering using single-crystal target and sintered target in Ar+ N2 mixture. The films were evaluated using X-ray deffractmeter (XRD). We examined the change of (200) MgO reflection depending upon the change of background pressure and N2 flowrate when single-crystal target and sintered target were used. From the result, it was shown that in the case of using single-crystal target and sintered target, the crystallinity suddenly improves when background pressure reaches its threshold. However, in the case of sintered target, we found out that an increase in N2 flowrate does not affect the threshold background pressure (PTH) so much in comparison with single-crystal target. This is due to the large amount of H2O residual gas in sintered target as compared to single-crystal target.
Automatic Noise Temperature Measurement through Frequency Variation (1982)

The dependence of two-port noise temperature on the source reflection factor does not lend itself to easy automated measurement. This paper shows that a noise analysis performed over a small frequency interval centered about the frequency of interest and with a source circuit having fast phase variations leads to a straightforward solution of the problem. The conditions for applying the procedure are broad enough to enable measuring most components like transistors and amplifiers over the entire microwave range. An example of practical implementation is presented.
Massive cluster impact mass spectrometry: A new desorption method for the analysis of large biomolecules (1991)

A new ion desorption method is described that utilizes a primary beam of massive, multiply charged cluster ions to generate secondary ions of peptides in a glycerol matrix. The massive cluster ion beam is generated via electrohydrodynamic emission using a 1.5 M solution of ammonium acetate in 30% aqueous glycerol. Negative ion spectra of peptides obtained using this technique show greatly decreased relative intensities for fragment ions and 'chemical noise' background when compared to spectra obtained using a xenon atom primary beam. The near absence of fragments derived from radiation damage to the sample solution is attributed to the impact of primary particles with energies less than 1 eV/nucleon.
Surfactants in droplet-based microfluidics (2011)

Surfactants are an essential part of the droplet-based microfluidic technology. They are involved in the stabilization of droplet interfaces, in the biocompatibility of the system and in the process of molecular exchange between droplets. The recent progress in the applications of droplet-based microfluidics has been made possible by the development of new molecules and their characterizations. In this review, the role of the surfactant in droplet-based microfluidics is discussed with an emphasis on the new molecules developed specifically to overcome the limitations of ‘standard’ surfactants. Emulsion properties and interfacial rheology of surfactant-laden layers strongly determine the overall capabilities of the technology. Dynamic properties of droplets, interfaces and emulsions are therefore very important to be characterized, understood and controlled. In this respect, microfluidic systems themselves appear to be very powerful tools for the study of surfactant dynamics at the time- and length-scale relevant to the corresponding microfluidic applications. More generally, microfluidic systems are becoming a new type of experimental platform for the study of the dynamics of interfaces in complex systems.
Amino acid metabolism and therapy in health and nutritional disease (1995)

Preface Introduction, J.M. Kinney and D.H. Elwyn Part I: Introduction to Amino Acid Metabolism Approaches to Studying Amino Acid Metabolism: From Quantitative Assays to Flux Assessment Using Stable Isotopes, N.N. Abumrad, D. Darmaun, and L.A. Cynober Routes of Cellular Uptake of Amino Acids: Obstacles or Opportunities for Progress? H.N. Christensen and A.A. Greene Part II: Physiology Metabolism Contribution of Amino Acids to Gluconeogenesis, X. Leverve Ureagenesis and Ammoniagenesis, A.J. Meijer Metabolism of Branch-Chain Amino Acids, A.J.M. Wagenmakers and P.B. Soeters The Glutamate Crossway, Y. Wakabayashi Nitric Oxide, J.E. Albina and R.B. Matteo Control of and by Amino Acids Insulin and the Regulation of Amino Acid Catabolism and Protein Turnover, J. Millward Counter-Regulatory Hormones and the Role of Cytokines in the Control of Amino Acid Metabolism, P.-O. Hasselgren Control of Amino Acid Metabolism by Lipid, Ketone Bodies, and Glucose Substrates, Y. Boirie and B. Beaufrere Role of Amino Acids in the Control of Proteolysis, D. Haussinger and S. vom Dahl Stimulation of Liver Glycogen Synthesis and Lipogenesis by Na+-Transported Amino Acids, L. Hue and V. Gaussin Part III: Amino Acid Requirements The Notion of the Nutritional Essentiality of Amino Acids, Revisited, with a Note on the Indispensable Amino Acid Requirements in Adults, V.R. Young and A.E. El-Khoury Neonatal Requirements for Amino Acids, D.K. Rassin Part IV: Amino Acid Metabolism in Disease Trauma and Sepsis, M. Jeevanandam Chronic Malnutrition with Reference to Muscle Tissue, C. Pichard, B. Kayser, and A. Dulloo Amino Acid Metabolism in Cancer, K. Lundholm, A. Hyltander, and R. Sandstroem Modulation of Hepatic Glutamine Metabolism in Cancer, B.P. Bode, S.F. Abcouwer, and W.W. Souba Diabetes Mellitus, M. Salleh and M. Ardawi Acidosis, T.C. Welbourne and X. Mu Part V: Amino Acid Supply in Disease Quantitative and Qualitative Aspects Quantitative Amino Acid Intake by the Parenteral Route, G. Iapichino and D. Radrizzani Quantitative and Qualitative Aspects of Nitrogen Supply in Enteral Nutrition in Relation to Free Amino Acids and Peptides, G.K. Grimble Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Liver Disease, G. Marchesini, A. Fabbri, G. Bianchi, and E. Bugianesi Branched-Chain Amino and Keto Acids in Renal Failure, D. Laouari and P. Parvy The Use of Arginine in Clinical Practice, A. Barbul Glutamine and Glutamine-Containing Dipeptides, P. Furst and P. Stehle Ornithine Alpha-Ketoglutarate, L.A. Cynober Formulae Devoted to Specific Situations Amino Acid Support in Catabolic Illness, T.R. Ziegler and T.V. Nattakom Amino Acid Requirements in Cancer, A.C.L. Campos and M.M. Meguid Amino Acid Solutions for Acute Renal Failure, C.J. Foulks Amino Acids to Support Gut Function and Morphology, J.C. Alverdy Index
Percutaneous cardiopulmonary support in surgery for descending thoracic aortic aneurysms (1998)

There is uncertainty regarding the optimal method of intraoperative management of patients with aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta. Although the percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS) was developed for use in patients with severe heart failure, it has been applied during the resection of descending thoracic aortic aneurysms in our department since 1993. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively compare conventional axillo-iliac temporary bypass to PCPS in patients undergoing repair of a thoracic aortic aneurysm. We retrospectively reviewed 18 consecutive patients with thoracic aortic aneurysms who underwent repair between January 1989 and March 1995. There were 10 patients who underwent aneurysm resection using axillo-iliac temporary bypass (Group I) and 8 who underwent resection using PCPS (Group II). The clamp time, bypass time, estimated blood loss and transfusion requirement did not differ significantly between the two groups. The operating and anesthesia times in Group II (390 ± 91 minutes and 598.8 ± 26.3 minutes, respectively) were significantly shorter than those in Group I (514 ± 100 minutes and 821.5 ± 32.5 minutes, respectively). The duration of postoperative intubation, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and postoperative hospitalization were significantly shorter in Group II (1.6 ± 0.9, 5.3 ± 1.0, and 17.6 ± 5.6 days, respectively) than in Group I (5.0 ± 2.4, 2.8 ± 0.3, and 24.3 ± 4.8 days, respectively). Percutaneous cardiopulmonary support is a useful technique in surgery for thoracic aortic aneurysms. The advantages of this technique over conventional axillo-iliac temporary bypass are shortened operative time, duration of intubation, ICU stay, and postoperative hospitalization. In addition, it is easy to maintain the bypass flow using a centrifugal pump, and to maintain the body temperature using a heating exchanger.
In vivo analyses of constitutive and regulated promoters in halophilic archaea (2005)

The two gvpA promoters P(cA) and P(pA) of Halobacterium salinarum, and the P(mcA) promoter of Haloferax mediterranei were investigated with respect to growth-phase-dependent expression and regulation in Haloferax volcanii transformants using the bgaH reading frame encoding BgaH, an enzyme with beta-galactosidase activity, as reporter. For comparison, the P(fdx) promoter of the ferredoxin gene of Hbt. salinarum and the P(bgaH) promoter of Haloferax lucentense (formerly Haloferax alicantei) were analysed. P(fdx), driving the expression of a house-keeping gene, was highly active during the exponential growth phase, whereas P(bgaH) and the three gvpA promoters yielded the largest activities during the stationary growth phase. Compared to P(fdx), the basal promoter activities of P(pA) and P(mcA) were rather low, and larger activities were only detected in the presence of the endogenous transcriptional activator protein GvpE. The P(cA) promoter does not yield a detectable basal promoter activity and is only active in the presence of the homologous cGvpE. To investigate whether the P(cA)-TATA box and the BRE element were the reason for the lack of the basal P(cA) activity, these elements and also sequences further upstream were substituted with the respective sequences of the stronger P(pA) promoter and investigated in Hfx. volcanii transformants. All these promoter chimera did not yield a detectable basal promoter activity. However, whenever the P(pA)-BRE element was substituted for the P(cA)-BRE, an enhanced cGvpE-mediated activation was observed. The promoter chimeras harbouring P(pA)-BRE plus 5 (or more) bp further upstream also gained activation by the heterologous pGvpE and mcGvpE proteins. The sequence required for the GvpE-mediated activation was determined by a 4 bp scanning mutagenesis with the 45 bp region upstream of P(mcA)-BRE. None of these alterations influenced the basal promoter activity, but the sequence TGAAACGG-n4-TGAACCAA was important for the GvpE-mediated activation of P(mcA).
A novel series diode linearizer for mobile radio power amplifiers (2002)

A novel series diode linearizer has been developed for mobile radio power amplifiers. It is composed of a series diode with a parallel capacitor, which provides positive amplitude and negative phase deviations with the increase of input power, and can compensate AM-AM and AM-PM distortions of power amplifiers. Applying this linearizer to 1.9 GHz MMIC power amplifier for the Japanese Personal Handy-phone System (PHS), an improvement of adjacent channel leakage power (ACP) up to 5 dB has been achieved for the /spl pi//4-shifted QPSK modulated signal.
Changes in lactoferrin, immunoglobulin G, bovine serum albumin, and alpha-lactalbumin during acute experimental and natural coliform mastitis in cows (1976)

An experimentally induced Escherichia coli infection of a bovine mammary gland resulted in a 30-fold increase in lactoferrin (Lf) concentration in the mammary secretion by 90 h postinoculation and a 4-fold increase in total daily production of Lf by 264 h postinoculation in the infected quarter. A simultaneous rise and fall of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations occurred during the acute phase of the infection. Peak BSA and IgG levels were reached 36 h before peak Lf levels. BSA concentrations declined rapidly after the acute phase, whereas IgG and Lf levels remained elevated and decreased slowly as the infection subsided. A decline in alpha-lactalbumin concentration by 48 h postinoculation indicated decreased synthetic capability. The increased Lf production may be a result of a specific response of secretory tissue to inflammatory agents and thus the infectious process. Analogous changes in Lf, IgG, and BSA were observed during a natural coliform infection. Sephadex G-200 chromatography of mastitis skim milk showed that Lf approximated the monomer (molecular weight 77,100) early in infections progressed and abated, the apparent molecular weight of Lf increased to approximately that of the trimer and subsequently decreased to about 1.5 times that of the monomer.
A fast-track anaemia clinic in the Emergency Department: feasibility and efficacy of intravenous iron administration for treating sub-acute iron deficiency anaemia. (2016)

Our data support the feasibility of a clinical protocol for management of sub-acute anaemia with IV iron in the ED. IV iron was efficacious, safe and well tolerated. Early management of anaemia will improve the use of blood products in the ED.
High-risk biologicals (2014)

This page outlines when approval is requierd for genetechnology, how do I get approval? who approves my application?
Detection of antigens recognized by a novel monoclonal antibody in tissue and serum from patients with breast cancer. (1986)

Monoclonal antibodies were produced in mice immunized with proteins released into tissue culture fluid of human breast cancer cells maintained in vitro. One monoclonal antibody (SP-2) identified a Mr 90,000 antigen which appears to be a proteolipid. In immunoperoxidase assays, SP-2 reacted with 81 of 90 specimens of human breast cancer. It also reacted with 12 of 23 cancers of nonbreast origin but was unreactive with all normal tissues tested. The Mr 90,000 antigen, purified by immunoaffinity chromatography using SP-2, was used in an indirect binding inhibition assay for the detection of antigen in human serum. With this assay, 35 of 69 patients with breast cancer and 11 of 37 patients with benign breast lesions showed serum antigen levels above 6 units/ml. Patients with nonbreast cancers also demonstrated elevated levels of antigen in 32% of cases. The SP-2 defined Mr 90,000 antigen appeared to be distinct from carcinoembryonic antigen and other monoclonal antibody-defined breast cancer antigens of similar molecular weight. SP-2 may prove useful as a serum and/or tissue marker in breast pathology.
Synthesis of Large, Stable Colloidal Graphene Quantum Dots with Tunable Size (2010)

We report a solution-chemistry-based approach to large, stable colloidal graphene quantum dots with uniform size and shape. The versatility of solution chemistry allows us to tune the structures of the graphenes and thus their properties.
Double-strand break repair processes drive evolution of the mitochondrial genome in Arabidopsis (2011)

Extensive mitochondrial genomic variation within a single plant species derives largely from DSB activity and its repair. Observed gene conversion and mismatch repair activity contribute to the low nucleotide substitution rates seen in these genomes. On a phenotypic level, these patterns of rearrangement likely contribute to the reproductive versatility of higher plants.
Genomic survey of bipolar illness in the NIMH genetics initiative pedigrees: A preliminary report (1997)

Four sites collaborated with the NIMH to develop a resource for the genetic study of bipolar (BP) illness. Common methods of ascertainment and assessment were developed in 1989. A series of families with a bipolar I (BPI) proband and at least one BPI or schizoaffective, bipolar type (SA/BP) first-degree relative has been studied. We now report initial data from a genomic survey with an average intermarker interval of 10 cM on 540 subjects from 97 families. This is the largest commonly ascertained and assessed linkage sample for bipolar illness reported to date; it includes 232 subjects with BPI, 32 SA/BP, 72 bipolar II (BPII), and 88 unipolar, recurrent (UPR). Nonparametric methods of analysis were employed, with all sites using affected sib pair analysis. The strongest findings thus far appear to be on chromosomes 1, 6, 7, 10, 16, and 22. Support has also been found for some previously reported linkages, including 21q and possibly Xq26. All these areas (as well as others) will be followed up with additional markers and further analyses. No locus tested thus far meets stringent criteria for an initial finding of significant linkage.
The Design and Development of Information Products (1996)

Companies that produce information in printed or electronic form can learn much from research on physical products, including the development of product and process platforms to enhance design and development. The authors provide a framework for the architecture of information products and apply it to two companies that are creating competitive advantage by refining information through product and process technologies. The authors also consider ways that companies can design information products in the future to focus on customers' implied needs and to take advantage of new interactive technologies.
Green Fluorescent Protein-Adenoviral Construct As a Model for Transient Gene Therapy for Human Cultured Keratinocytes in an Athymic Mouse Model (2003)

The delivered gene was transiently expressed without the persistence of viral DNA, demonstrating the potential of adenoviral gene delivery for the improvement of wound healing without long-term adverse effects to the graft.
A 1V 17.9dBm 60GHz power amplifier in standard 65nm CMOS (2010)

A CMOS PA integrating a power detector for all IEEE 802.15.3c bands is demonstrated. A fully synchronous power combiner removes design trade-offs between transformer efficiency and power combining efficiency. At 1 V supply, the measured P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sat</sub> , OP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1dB</sub> , and peak PAE at 61.5 GHz are 17.9 dBm, 15.4 dBm, and 11.7% respectively. A P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sat</sub> of +17 dBm and an OP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1dB</sub> of +14 dBm are achieved across the 57-to-65 GHz band.
Decoupled Deep Neural Network for Semi-supervised Semantic Segmentation (2015)

We propose a novel deep neural network architecture for semi-supervised semantic segmentation using heterogeneous annotations. Contrary to existing approaches posing semantic segmentation as a single task of region-based classification, our algorithm decouples classification and segmentation, and learns a separate network for each task. In this architecture, labels associated with an image are identified by classification network, and binary segmentation is subsequently performed for each identified label in segmentation network. The decoupled architecture enables us to learn classification and segmentation networks separately based on the training data with image-level and pixel-wise class labels, respectively. It facilitates to reduce search space for segmentation effectively by exploiting class-specific activation maps obtained from bridging layers. Our algorithm shows outstanding performance compared to other semi-supervised approaches even with much less training images with strong annotations in PASCAL VOC dataset.
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders: Part II, Advanced Sleep Phase Disorder, Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder, Free-Running Disorder, and Irregular Sleep-Wake Rhythm (2007)

Circadian rhythm science has also pointed the way to rational interventions for CRSDs and these treatments have been introduced into the practice of sleep medicine with varying degrees of success. More translational research is needed using subjects who meet current diagnostic criteria.
Influence of chromosomal integration on glucocorticoid-regulated transcription of growth-stimulating papillomavirus genes E6 and E7 in cervical carcinoma cells. (1991)

In most cervical carcinoma cells the E6 and E7 genes of specific human papillomaviruses are transcribed from viral sequences integrated into host cell chromosomes. Glucocorticoids activate the promoter elements of various human papillomaviruses in transient-expression assays. We have analyzed the effect of dexamethasone on the transcription rate of human papillomavirus 18 E6 and E7 genes integrated at different chromosomal sites in four cervical cancer cell lines. Dexamethasone led to an increase in the transcription rate of the integrated E6-E7 sequences in C4-1 and C4-2 cells but led to a decrease in SW 756 cells and did not affect the transcription rate in HeLa cells. However, when the viral promoter elements derived from HeLa or SW 756 cells, in which dexamethasone does not activate transcription of the integrated E6-E7 sequences, were tested in transient-expression assays within the same cell lines, dexamethasone consistently activated the viral promoter. It thus appears that dominant regulatory mechanisms presumably depending on the chromosomal integration site are able to override the response of the viral promoter to steroid hormones. The growth rate of all dexamethasone-treated cell lines correlated consistently with the expression of the papillomavirus E6 and E7 genes, supporting their role in the maintenance of the proliferative phenotype of cervical carcinoma cells. Since human papillomaviruses are integrated into the host cell genome at variable, presumably randomly selected chromosomal loci, regulatory mechanisms that influence viral gene expression, and hence cell growth, may differ among cancers of independent clonal origin.
Preparation and morphology of carbon nanotube/zinc oxide nanocomposites (2005)

Carbon nanotube/zinc oxide(CNT/ZnO) nanocomposites were prepared by the hydrothermal reaction in view of potential photocatalytic applications for these nanocomposites. The study by SEM, TEM and XRD shows that homogeneous CNT/ZnO nanocomposites were synthesized successfully and the morphology of the composites was controllable by the adjustment of pH value during the hydrothermal reaction.