gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Recurrent Temporal Restricted Boltzmann Machine (2008)

The Temporal Restricted Boltzmann Machine (TRBM) is a probabilistic model for sequences that is able to successfully model (i.e., generate nice-looking samples of) several very high dimensional sequences, such as motion capture data and the pixels of low resolution videos of balls bouncing in a box. The major disadvan-tage of the TRBM is that exact inference is extremely hard, since even computing a Gibbs update for a single variable of the posterior is exponentially expensive. This difficulty has necessitated the use of a heuristic inference procedure, that nonetheless was accurate enough for successful learning. In this paper we intro-duce the Recurrent TRBM, which is a very slight modification of the TRBM for which exact inference is very easy and exact gradient learning is almost tractable. We demonstrate that the RTRBM is better than an analogous TRBM at generating motion capture and videos of bouncing balls. 1
Interleukin-1β Activity and Collagen Synthesis in Human Dental Pulp Fibroblasts (2002)

Immunopathologic reactions play a significant role in inflammatory diseases of dental pulp. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) is recognized as a key player in mediating cellular immune response. In this study, we measured the content of IL-1beta and its effect on collagen synthesis in cultures of fibroblasts derived from healthy and diseased dental pulps. We found that diseased pulp fibroblasts contain 2.5-fold greater amounts of IL-1beta and synthesized 80% greater amounts of collagen compared with healthy pulp fibroblasts. However, exogenous IL-1beta failed to stimulate collagen synthesis by diseased fibroblasts, whereas collagen synthesis by healthy pulp fibroblasts was stimulated by more than 2-fold. These observations imply that pulp disease induces abnormalities associated with fibroblast response toward IL-1beta.
Cell-permeable Peptide Antioxidants Targeted to Inner Mitochondrial Membrane inhibit Mitochondrial Swelling, Oxidative Cell Death, and Reperfusion Injury (2004)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in promoting mitochondrial cytochrome c release and induction of apoptosis. ROS induce dissociation of cytochrome c from cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), and cytochrome c may then be released via mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-dependent or MPT-independent mechanisms. We have developed peptide antioxidants that target the IMM, and we used them to investigate the role of ROS and MPT in cell death caused by t-butylhydroperoxide (tBHP) and 3-nitropropionic acid (3NP). The structural motif of these peptides centers on alternating aromatic and basic amino acid residues, with dimethyltyrosine providing scavenging properties. These peptide antioxidants are cell-permeable and concentrate 1000-fold in the IMM. They potently reduced intracellular ROS and cell death caused by tBHP in neuronal N(2)A cells (EC(50) in nm range). They also decreased mitochondrial ROS production, inhibited MPT and swelling, and prevented cytochrome c release induced by Ca(2+) in isolated mitochondria. In addition, they inhibited 3NP-induced MPT in isolated mitochondria and prevented mitochondrial depolarization in cells treated with 3NP. ROS and MPT have been implicated in myocardial stunning associated with reperfusion in ischemic hearts, and these peptide antioxidants potently improved contractile force in an ex vivo heart model. It is noteworthy that peptide analogs without dimethyltyrosine did not inhibit mitochondrial ROS generation or swelling and failed to prevent myocardial stunning. These results clearly demonstrate that overproduction of ROS underlies the cellular toxicity of tBHP and 3NP, and ROS mediate cytochrome c release via MPT. These IMM-targeted antioxidants may be very beneficial in the treatment of aging and diseases associated with oxidative stress.
BH3 Death Domain Peptide Induces Cell Type-selective Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Permeability (2001)

The BH3 domain is essential for the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria by pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins during apoptosis. This study tested the hypothesis that a Bax peptide that includes the BH3 domain can permeabilize the mitochondrial outer membrane and release cytochrome c in the absence of a permeability transition at the mitochondrial inner membrane. BH3 peptide (0.1-60 microm) released cytochrome c from mitochondria in the presence of physiological concentrations of ions in a cell type-selective manner, whereas a BH3 peptide with a single amino acid substitution was ineffective. The release of cytochrome c by BH3 peptide correlated with the presence of endogenous Bax at the mitochondria and its integral membrane insertion. Cytochrome c release was accompanied by adenylate kinase release, was not associated with mitochondrial swelling or substantial loss of electrical potential across the inner membrane, and was unaffected by inhibitors of the permeability transition pore. Cytochrome c release was, however, inhibited by Bcl-2. Although energy-coupled respiration was inhibited after the release of cytochrome c, mitochondria maintained membrane potential in the presence of ATP due to the reversal of the ATP synthase. Overall, results support the hypothesis that BH3 peptide releases cytochrome c by a Bax-dependent process that is independent of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore but regulated by Bcl-2.
Patients with rosacea have increased risk of dementia (2016)

Rosacea is significantly associated with dementia, particularly AD. Increased focus on symptoms of cognitive dysfunction in older patients with rosacea may be relevant. Ann Neurol 2016;79:921-928.
Evaluating the iPhone as a Mobile Platform for Pe ople-Centric Sensing Applications (2008)

A number of mobile phones such as the Nokia N95 and Apple iPhone are being used by researchers to explore new people-centric sensing applications. These top-end phones include various sensors (e.g., accelerometer, proximity sensor, GPS, camera, microphone), radios (e.g., Bluetooth, WiFi, cellular), operating systems (e.g.,
Magnetic phase transition in half-metallic CoMnSb and NiMnSb semi-Heusler alloys upon Cu doping: First-principles calculations (2008)

We study the effect of the nonmagnetic $3d$ atoms on the magnetic properties of the half-metallic (HM) semi-Heusler alloys ${\text{Co}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{Cu}}_{x}\text{MnSb}$ and ${\text{Ni}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{Cu}}_{x}\text{MnSb}$ $(0\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}1)$ using first-principles calculations. We determine the magnetic phase diagram of both systems at zero temperature and obtain a phase transition from a ferromagnetic to an antiferromagnetic state. For low Cu concentrations the ferromagnetic Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY)-type exchange mechanism dominates, while the antiferromagnetic superexchange coupling becomes important for larger Cu content. A strong dependence of the magnetism in both systems on the position of the Fermi level within the HM gap is found. Obtained results are in good agreement with the available experimental data.
Nitric Oxide Signaling Triggered by the Rheumatoid Arthritis–Shared Epitope (2007)

Many immune-mediated diseases are associated with particular MHC class I or class II alleles. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA-shared), the vast majority of patients possess HLA-DRB1 alleles encoding a shared epitope, which is a five-amino acid sequence motif in positions 70-74 of the HLA-DRbeta chain. The mechanistic basis for this association is unknown. Here we discuss recent evidence suggesting that the shared epitope may act as an allele-specific ligand that triggers increased nitric oxide (NO) production in opposite cells with resultant immune dysregulation. We propose that by doing that, the RA-shared shared epitope may form an unintended bridge between the innate and adaptive immune systems, thereby allowing aberrant signaling events that could trigger disease.
Ionic Conduction in Nanostructured Membranes Based on Polymerized Protic Ionic Liquids (2013)

Polymerized ionic-liquids (PILs) are promising materials whose ionic properties can be tuned based on their chemistry. By incorporating PILs into block copolymer (BCP) structures, it is possible to provide complementary functionality (i.e., structural stability) and transport tunability to ion-conducting materials. In this study, we describe the self-assembly and conductivity of novel poly(styrene-block-histamine methacrylamide) diblock copolymers (PS-b-PHMA) and the resulting PS-b-PIL derivatives obtained after treatment with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). These materials self-assemble into ordered BCP structures with tunable domain sizes as demonstrated by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). PS-b-PHMA membranes show conductivities up to 2 × 10–4 S/cm at room temperature, which increase by an order of magnitude in the presence of acid. In addition, both PHMA- and PIL-based membranes exhibit lower water uptake (λ = 4–6 and 8–10, respectively) in comparison with most proton conducting membranes reported elsewhere. The low water content in these membranes translates into a stronger effect of morphology on transport behavior, resulting in a measurable increase in ion conductivity as a function of conducting channel size.
Studies on Methylglyoxal Bis(guanylhydrazone)1 Analogs. I. Homologs of Methylglyoxal Bis(guanylhydrazone)2 (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on Methylglyoxal Bis(guanylhydrazone)1 Analogs. I. Homologs of Methylglyoxal Bis(guanylhydrazone)2Eugene G. Podrebarac, Wayne H. Nyberg, Frederic A. French, and C. C. ChengCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1963, 6, 3, 283–288Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00339a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00339a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views176Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of different culture systems with low oxygen tension on the development, quality and oxidative stress-related genes of bovine embryos producedin vitro (2011)

The present study was conducted to assess the development, quality and gene expression profile of oxidative stress-related genes of bovine embryos cultured in different culture systems with low oxygen tension (5% CO2, 5% O2 and 90% N2). The systems assessed included: (1) an incubator chamber; (2) a plastic bag; and (3) a foil bag. The choice of culture system had no effect on cleavage rate at 72 h. However, significant differences (P < 0.01) were observed in the rate of blastocysts registered at day 7 (29.8, 20.2 and 12.7% for incubator chamber, plastic bag and foil bag, respectively). Total number of cells did not differ between systems, although the proportion of ICM:total cells was affected particularly in the plastic bag (19.5%), compared with the incubator chamber (31.4%). In addition, significant differences were found in the apoptotic:total cell ratio (3.3, 6.5 and 8.8% for the incubator chamber, plastic bag and foil bag, respectively), with apoptotic nuclei localised mainly in the ICM compartment of the embryo. The amount of reactive oxygen species was also different between culture systems and this effect was correlated with a higher expression of SOD2, GSS and GPX1 genes in embryos cultured in the gassed bags as compared with embryos cultured in the incubator chamber. In conclusion, these results give evidence that, under low oxygen tension, the incubator chamber is more efficient and generates higher number of, and better quality, embryos than gassed bag systems evaluated here and this effect was probably due to an increased level of reactive oxygen species in the gassed bags, which upregulates the expression of some antioxidant enzymes to compensate for hyperoxia conditions.
A bitrate and bandwidth scalable CELP coder (2002)

This paper proposes a flexible CELP speech coder with bitrate and bandwidth scalabilities for multimedia applications. The coder is based on multi-pulse-based CELP coding and consists of a bitrate scalable base-band coder and a bandwidth extension tool. The bitrate scalable base-band CELP coder employs multi-stage excitation coding based on an embedded-coding approach. The multi-pulse excitation codebook at each stage is adaptively produced depending on the selected excitation signal at the previous stage. The bandwidth scalability is realized by bandwidth conversion from base-band CELP parameters to those for wideband without a widely used subband structure. The bandwidth conversion improves base-band coding quality and expands bandwidth, simultaneously. The comparison test results show that the bitrate scalable coder is equivalent in speech quality to the fixed-bitrate CELP coder at the same bitrate for the narrowband speech. In the mean opinion score (MOS) tests, the proposed 16 kbit/s coder with the bandwidth scalability achieves equivalent coding quality to ITU-T G.722 at 56 kbit/s. The proposed coder is currently evaluated as the MPEG-4 CELP speech standard.
[The primary structure of a monoclonal IgA-immunoglobulin (IgA Tro), I: The amino acid sequence of the L-chain of lambda-type, subgroup II (author's transl)]. (1975)

The primary structure of a monoclonal human IgA immunoglobulin has been determined. The protein has been isolated from the serum by salt fractionation, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The L-chain was isolated by gel filtration after partial reduction and alkylation of the IgA-molecule. The primary structure of the L-chain was determined by sequence studies of its tryptic peptides. The protein containes 216 amino acid residues. Based on its homology with other proteins of known structure, the variable part of the protein clearly belongs to subgroup II of the lambda-chains. The constant part of the chain is Kern- and Oz-, which means that it has serine in position 154 and arginine in position 191.
Intranasal hormone replacement therapy (2003)

Menopause, published monthly, provides a forum for new research, applied basic science, and clinical guidelines on all aspects of menopause. The scope and usefulness of the journal extend beyond gynecology, encompassing many varied biomedical areas, including internal medicine, family practice, medical subspecialties such as cardiology and geriatrics, epidemiology, pathology, sociology, psychology, anthropology, and pharmacology. This forum is essential to help integrate these areas, highlight needs for future research, and enhance health care.
Abstract 3829: Inhibition of breast cancer metastasis by deguelin in an experimental model (2012)

Abstract Breast cancer is a second leading cause of cancer related deaths in women. Cancer related deaths in breast cancer patients are due to metastasis of disease. Thus new drugs which could successfully inhibit metastatic disease spread are highly desired. However till date there are only a few experimental models available to study metastatic progression of breast cancer. Murine 4T1 mammary breast cancer cells when transplanted s.c./or into mammary gland metastasizes to lungs, liver and bone similar to that observed in women with stage IV metastatic disease. Thus this model is highly appropriate for studies related to breast cancer metastasis. Previously we have shown that Deguelin, originally isolated from an African plant Mundulea sericea significantly inhibits the growth of triple negative breast cancer and that the Deguelin effect is mediated through inhibition of WNT signaling pathway. However their therapeutic effect in vivo is still unexplored. We evaluated the effects of Deguelin on growth (in vitro and in vivo) and lung metastasis of 4T1 cells. In vitro, Deguelin inhibited growth of 4T1 cells in time and concentration depended manner; optimum growth inhibition was obtained at 250nM Deguelin concentration after 72 hr. treatment. Toxicity study performed in 4-6 weeks old female BALB/c mice suggested that Deguelin administered as a suspension (saline/gum Arabic/Deguelin) daily for two weeks by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection was well tolerated up to 16mg/kg body weight, and no toxicity (loss of appetite, body weight loss, mobility, morbidity, death) was observed in Deguelin treated animals. In vivo, as compared to vehicle treated animals, Deguelin (2 or 6mg/kg body weight) administered daily for 21 days i.p significantly (P&amp;lt;0.05) inhibited growth of 4T1 cells (0.5 million cells/mouse) transplanted s.c. in to 4-6 weeks old female BALB/c mice. Similarly Deguelin also reduced (27-33%, P&amp;lt; 0.02) the number of metastatic lesions in the lungs subsequent to i.v. injection of 7500 to 10,000 4T1 cells in syngeneic mice as compared to vehicle treated control group. Immunohistochemical analysis of control/Deguelin treated 4T1 cells, and lung metastatic lesions suggest that Deguelin inhibited Ki67 expression suggesting its antiproliferative action in this model. In addition, phospho AKT, cyclin D1, Cox-2 and Hif-1α protein expressions were down regulated. Our results suggest that Deguelin effect on the growth and metastasis may be mediated by targeting signaling molecules involved in pAKT, HIF-1, Cox-2 pathway. These results provide a promising lead for a potential therapeutic agent to treat metastatic breast cancer. This work was supported in part by the National Cancer Institute grant CA140321. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3829. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3829
High-speed electro-optic analogue-digital conversion (1974)

An experimental electro-optic analogue-digital convertor based on a diffraction modulator is described to illustrate the principle that direct analogue-digital conversion can be performed at high speeds with electro-optic devices.
100% reflectivity Bragg reflectors produced in optical fibres by single excimer laser pulses (1993)

It is shown for the first time that fibre gratings with reflectivities in excess of 99.8% and fractional bandwidths of 0.005 (7.5 nm or 970 GHz at 1550 nm) can be written by interferometric side exposure of a fibre core to a single 40 mJ UV pulse of 20 ns duration at 248 nm. These highly efficient reflectors are formed by a new mechanism in which the core glass fuses, resulting in a very large periodic modulation of the refractive index. They are stable at temperatures as high as 800°C.
CLONAL GROWTH OF MAMMALIAN CELLS IN VITRO (1956)

Two methods for simple and rapid plating of single HeLa cells, human, carcinomatous cells, are described. These result in growth and formation of colonies from each single cell. One of these procedures uses irradiated, non-multiplying "feeder" cells to condition the medium. The second requires more gentle handling of the cells, but otherwise is virtually the same as that used in plating bacteria on semisolid, nutrient media. By extension of these methods, it is possible to isolate single mutant colonies and grow pure clonal stocks of animal cells. These genetically uniform strains are much more homogeneous in their behavior than the parental HeLa cell population. Growth curves obtained from developing colonies are highly reproducible. The most active mutant stocks so far isolated display a generation time of 18 to 20 hours. In pooled human serum HeLa cells assume a highly stretched, ameboid form, with marked motility; whereas growth of the same cells in a variety of non-human sera results in tightly packed, columnar, epithelial-like morphology. The two cell types possess volumes, nuclear cross-sections, plating efficiencies, and generation times which are identical within experimental error, but display widely different cross-sectional areas, suggesting that the basic change occurs in the cell surface. It is conceivable that this change may be related to that which enables the cells of a compact tumor to become invasive. Animal cells subjected to the standard trypsinization procedures which involve mechanical trauma and repeated washings in incomplete media leak large amounts of P and suffer impaired ability to reproduce as isolated cells. Application of the methods described in this paper as a tool for quantitative study of normal mammalian cell growth, physiology, genetics, and biochemistry, and the response of cells to drugs, viruses, high energy radiation, and other agents have been indicated.
Imogen 38: a novel 38-kD islet mitochondrial autoantigen recognized by T cells from a newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic patient. (1996)

Cell-mediated autoimmune attack directed against islet proteins of approximately 38 kD in size has been associated with type 1 diabetes. A novel murine cDNA encoding an antigen of this size was cloned using a screening procedure based on the proliferative response of a human diabetic T cell clone (1C6) to a recombinant antigen epitope library. Membrane preparations from COS 7 cells transfected with the full-length 1,267-bp cDNA elicited a proliferative response from the reporter T cells comparable to that of the defined peptide epitope and native insulinoma antigen. In vitro translation and transfection experiments suggested that the protein is initially synthesized as a 44-kD protein and then processed to the native 38-kD form through the proteolytic removal of a 54-aa NH2-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence. Differential centrifugation, Percoll density gradient centrifugation, and immunofluorescence studies confirmed localization of the antigen to mitochondria. Northern blot, Western blot, and 1C6 T cell proliferation assays showed that, although imogen 38 was more highly expressed in beta cell than alpha cell lines, it was also present in other tissues. It is concluded that imogen 38 may be a target for bystander autoimmune attack in diabetes rather than a primary autoantigen.
Neural Turing Machines (2014)

We extend the capabilities of neural networks by coupling them to external memory resources, which they can interact with by attentional processes. The combined system is analogous to a Turing Machine or Von Neumann architecture but is differentiable end-to-end, allowing it to be efficiently trained with gradient descent. Preliminary results demonstrate that Neural Turing Machines can infer simple algorithms such as copying, sorting, and associative recall from input and output examples.
1. (2005)

Le titre Daumier et l’Allemagne évoque des relations fondées sur une observation réciproque. Comment Daumier voyait-il les Allemands, comment ceux-ci le considéraient-ils, sous quel angle le regardent-ils aujourd’hui encore ? Dans ce dialogue imaginaire, les Allemands lui accordent sympathie et admiration, alors que leur interlocuteur français les aborde avec un mélange de respect, de défiance et de critique où se manifeste son instinct politique. Leur intérêt mutuel, de plus en plus vif au c...