gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exceptionally Flame Retardant Sulfur-Based Multilayer Nanocoating for Polyurethane Prepared from Aqueous Polyelectrolyte Solutions (2013)

Many current flame retardant (FR) strategies for polymers contain environmentally harmful compounds and/or negatively impact processing and mechanical properties. In an effort to overcome these issues, a effective flame retardant nanocoating comprised of positively charged chitosan (CH) and anionic poly(vinyl sulfonic acid sodium salt) (PVS) was deposited onto flexible polyurethane foam using layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. This coating system completely stops foam melt dripping upon exposure to the direct flame from a butane torch. Furthermore, 10 CH-PVS bilayers (∼30 nm thick) add only 5.5% to the foam's weight and completely stop flame propagating on the foam due to the fuel dilution effect from non flammable gases (e.g, water, sulfur oxides, and ammonia) released from the coating during degradation. Cone calorimetry reveals that this same coated foam has a 52% reduction in peak heat release rate relative to an uncoated control. This water-based, environmentally benign nanocoating provides an effective postprocess flame retardant treatment for a variety of complex substrates (foam, fabric, etc.).
Performance evaluation of stored geocast (2003)

This paper presents a definition, the design space, three reasonable implementations, and an ns-2 simulation study of a new type of geocast protocol, called stored geocast. A stored geocast is a time stable geocast, which is delivered to all nodes that are inside a destination region within a certain period of time. When used in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) it allows to realize a persistent message valid for a certain geographic region, possibly combined with a time limit. Stored geocast is of particular interest in the automotive domain, since it allows realizing virtual traffic signs or for location-based services in general. The simulation results investigate the delivery success ratio and the resulting message overhead in several scenarios with random waypoint movement and in realistic vehicular traffic scenarios gathered from a driver behavior simulator.
Hematopoietic cell phosphatase associates with erythropoietin (Epo) receptor after Epo-induced receptor tyrosine phosphorylation: identification of potential binding sites (1995)

Erythropoietin (Epo) binding to its receptor (EpoR) induces tyrosine phosphorylation in responsive cells and this ability is required for a mitogenic response. One of the substrates of tyrosine phosphorylation is the Epo receptor (EpoR). The carboxyl region of EpoR cytoplasmic domain is required for EpoR phosphorylation and has been shown to negatively affect the response to Epo both in vivo and in cell lines. Hematopoietic cell phosphatase (HCP) has also been hypothesized to negatively regulate erythropoiesis, based on the hypersensitivity to Epo of erythroid lineage cells in moth-eaten mice that genetically lack HCP. In the studies presented here, we show that HCP binds the tyrosine phosphorylated Epo receptor through the amino-terminal src-homology 2 (SH2) domain of HCP. Using a series of phosphotyrosine-containing peptides, potential HCP binding sites in the cytoplasmic domain of the EpoR are identified. The results support the concept that, after Epo stimulation, phosphorylation of EpoR provides a docking site for HCP in the receptor complex. Recruitment of HCP to the complex and its subsequent dephosphorylation of substrates and/or associated kinases may be important to mitigate the ligand-induced mitogenic response.
Increased extracellular pressure stimulates tumor proliferation by a mechanosensitive calcium channel and PKC‐β (2014)

Large tumors exhibit high interstitial pressure heightened by growth against the constraining stroma. Such pressures could stimulate tumor proliferation via a mechanosensitive ion channel. We studied the effects of 0-80 mmHg increased extracellular pressure for 24 h on proliferation of SW620, Caco-2, and CT-26 colon; MCF-7 breast; and MLL and PC3 prostate cancer cells, and delineated its mechanism in SW620 cells with specific inhibitors and siRNA. Finally, we compared NF-kB, phospho-IkB and cyclin D1 immunoreactivity in the high pressure centers and low pressure peripheries of human tumors. Pressure-stimulated proliferation in all cells. Pressure-driven SW620 proliferation required calcium influx via the T-type Ca(2+) channel Cav3.3, which stimulated PKC-β to invoke the IKK-IkB-NF-kB pathway to increase proliferation and S-phase fraction. The mitotic index and immunoreactivity of NF-kB, phospho-IkB, and cyclin D1 in the center of 28 large human colon, lung, and head and neck tumors exceeded that in tumor peripheries. Extracellular pressure increases [Ca(2+)]i via Cav3.3, driving a PKC-β- IKK- IkB-NF-kB pathway that stimulates cancer cell proliferation. Rapid proliferation in large stiff tumors may increase intratumoral pressure, activating this pathway to stimulate further proliferation in a feedback cycle that potentiates tumor growth. Targeting this pathway may inhibit proliferation in large unresectable tumors.
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia With 17p Deletion: A Retrospective European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Analysis (2008)

Allogeneic HCT has the potential to induce long-term disease-free survival in patients with 17p-CLL.
Amino Acid Homology Between the Encephalitogenic Site of Myelin Basic Protein and Virus: Mechanism for Autoimmunity (1985)

Amino acid sequence homology was found between viral and host encephalitogenic protein. Immune responses were then generated in rabbits by using the viral peptide that cross-reacts with the self protein. Mononuclear cell infiltration was observed in the central nervous systems of animals immunized with the viral peptide. Myelin basic protein (MBP) is a host protein whose encephalitogenic site of ten amino acids induces experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. By computer analysis, hepatitis B virus polymerase (HBVP) was found to share six consecutive amino acids with the encephalitogenic site of rabbit MBP. Rabbits given injections of a selected eight- or ten-amino acid peptide from HBVP made antibody that reacted with the predetermined sequences of HBVP and also with native MBP. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the immunized rabbits proliferated when incubated with either MBP or HBVP. Central nervous system tissue taken from these rabbits had a histologic picture reminiscent of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Thus, viral infection may trigger the production of antibodies and mononuclear cells that cross-react with self proteins by a mechanism termed molecular mimicry. Tissue injury from the resultant autoallergic event can take place in the absence of the infectious virus that initiated the immune response.
Proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle regulation in prostatic carcinogenesis. (1998)

Cancer progression occurs because of imbalance in the processes of proliferation, differentiation and programmed cell death. In prostate cells, these processes are regulated at least in part by androgens. Structural alterations occur in a variety of genes regulating such processes. In order to obtain meaningful information on the biologic behavior of prostate cancers, it is important to assess androgen dependence and alterations in key genes regulating cell cycle kinetics as well as the aberrant response in cellular proliferation and death that such genetic events bring about. Most genetic alterations resulting in cancer progression alter normal cell cycle progression. Assessment of cell division cycle alterations by means of quantitative methods may have prognostic value, while interference with cell cycle regulatory proteins may result in powerful therapeutic tools. Here we review the methodologies utilized in the assessment of cell cycle kinetics and the abnormalities in proliferation and apoptosis encountered in prostate cancer. In addition, alterations in novel, important genes likely to have an impact on the behavior of prostate cancer and its precursor lesions are discussed. Molecular assessment of genetic alterations in genes that play a pivotal role in prostate cancer coupled with quantitative cytometry of cell kinetics may be utilized for a more precise evaluation of biologic behavior of prostate neoplasms.
Vector generation for power supply noise estimation and verification of deep submicron designs (2001)

This paper presents new techniques for generating a small set of patterns for power network simulation to estimate the maximum power supply noise of the chip, as well as to identify cells/blocks for which the power supply noise at their V/sub dd/ ports exceeds a specified threshold. We first present an efficient, cell-level simulator for estimating power supply noise of any given vectors. Based on this simulator, we then apply the genetic algorithm (GA) to derive a small set of patterns producing high power supply noise. To identify critical nodes with power supply noise exceeding a threshold, the multiobjective GA is adapted for pattern generation. To achieve high coverage of such critical nodes, we model the search criteria as the maximum weighted matching of a bipartite graph, and guide the search direction according to the matching results. The derived patterns will be simulated on a power network simulator to obtain a lower bound of the maximum power supply noise and to identify the critical nodes. Experimental results on public benchmark circuits, as well as some industrial designs, are presented to demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
Soluble FLT-1 is detectable in the sera of colorectal and breast cancer patients. (2002)

We conclude that s FLT-1, a natural antagonist of VEGF, is detectable in the sera of cancer patients. Larger studies involving long term follow-up are required to determine its prognostic significance.
Ambient occlusion fields (2005)

We present a novel real-time technique for computing inter-object ambient occlusion. For each occluding object, we precompute a field in the surrounding space that encodes an approximation of the occlusion caused by the object. This volumetric information is then used at run-time in a fragment program for quickly determining the shadow cast on the receiving objects. According to our results, both the computational and storage requirements are low enough for the technique to be directly applicable to computer games running on the current graphics hardware.
DEG/ENaC ion channels involved in sensory transduction are modulated by cold temperature (2001)

Several DEG/ENaC cation channel subunits are expressed in the tongue and in cutaneous sensory neurons, where they are postulated to function as receptors for salt and sour taste and for touch. Because these tissues are exposed to large temperature variations, we examined how temperature affects DEG/ENaC channel function. We found that cold temperature markedly increased the constitutively active Na(+) currents generated by epithelial Na(+) channels (ENaC). Half-maximal stimulation occurred at 25 degrees C. Cold temperature did not induce current from other DEG/ENaC family members (BNC1, ASIC, and DRASIC). However, when these channels were activated by acid, cold temperature potentiated the currents by slowing the rate of desensitization. Potentiation was abolished by a "Deg" mutation that alters channel gating. Temperature changes in the physiologic range had prominent effects on current in cells heterologously expressing acid-gated DEG/ENaC channels, as well as in dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons. The finding that cold temperature modulates DEG/ENaC channel function may provide a molecular explanation for the widely recognized ability of temperature to modify taste sensation and mechanosensation.
Harmonic generation in finite amplitude sound beams from a rectangular aperture source (1992)

Theoretical analysis and some experiments are performed on nonlinearly generated harmonic components in bounded sound beams emitted from a rectangular aperture source. The Khokhlov–Zabolotskaya–Kuznetsov equation, which takes account of nonlinearity, dissipation, and diffraction effects in the beams, is numerically solved by means of the alternating direction implicit difference method. Using a planar source of size 24×44 cm, axial sound pressures and beam patterns of the first three harmonics are measured in air for initially sinusoidal ultrasounds of 25- and 30-kHz frequency, and are compared with the theory. They are in relatively good agreement. Deformation of the source face from circular to rectangular shape results in the unclear appearance of pressure peaks and dips with propagation. Within the framework of these studies, the harmonic pressure levels in the far field are almost the same as from a circular aperture source with equal face area and equal initial pressure, independent of the source levels.
Aberrant DNA methylation of ADAMTS16 in colorectal and other epithelial cancers (2018)

We identified ADAMTS16 as novel gene with cancer-specific promoter hypermethylation in CRC, LC and SCC patients implicating ADAMTS16 as potential biomarker for these tumors. Moreover, our results provide evidence that ADAMTS16 may have tumor suppressor properties.
Solution-Processed Networks of Silicon Nanocrystals: The Role of Internanocrystal Medium on Semiconducting Behavior (2011)

We have produced networks of surface-oxidized and hydrogen-terminated silicon nanocrystals (Si-NCs), both intrinsic and n-type doped, on flexible plastic foil from nanoparticle inks. The charge transport in these networks was comprehensively studied by means of time-dependent conductivity, steady-state current versus voltage characteristics, and steady-state photocurrent measurements as a function of incident light intensity. These measurements were complemented by surface chemistry and structural/morphological analysis from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and electron microscopy. Whereas H-terminated Si-NC networks function as semiconductors (both in air and in vacuum), where conductivity enhancement upon impurity doping and photoconductivity were observed, these characteristics are not present in networks of surface-oxidized Si-NCs. For both network types, the observation of a power law behavior for steady-state current versus voltage and a current decaying with time at constant bias indicate that charge transport is controlled by space-charge-limited current (involving trap states) via percolation paths through the networks. We have also monitored the evolution of the networks (photo)conductivity when the internanocrystal separating medium formed by Si–H bonds is progressively replaced by a native oxide upon exposure to air. Although a decrease in the (photo)conductivity is observed, the networks still behave as semiconductors even after a long-term air exposure. From an analysis of all (photo)current data, we deduce that in networks of oxidized Si-NCs inter-NC charge transfer requires the participation of oxide-related electronic states, whereas in H-terminated Si-NC networks direct inter-NC charge transfer plays a major role in the overall long-range conduction process.
Influence of Aromatic Groups Incorporated in Long-Chain Alkanethiol Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold (2000)

The effect of aromatic rings on the orientation and packing of SAMs (self-assembled monolayers) on gold is investigated in this paper. Terminally aryl-substituted eicosanethiols and eicosylthiophenols as well as the oligo(arylalkyl) thiol shown in the Figure are examined. It is shown that the tilt angle may be influenced by the incorporation of aryl groups and densely packed, highly ordered SAMs are obtained.
Deamidation as a widespread phenomenon in two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of human blood plasma proteins (2000)

The human plasma protein patterns obtained by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) is a good model system for post-translational modifications because of the existence of several "ladders" of protein spots [Anderson, N. L., Anderson, N. G., Electrophoresis 1991, 12, 883-906], so-called "trains" of spots. Our investigation of several proteins, amongst others beta2-microglobulin and the haptoglobin chains, found the differences in isoelectric points (p/) to be due to deamidation of asparagines. After enzymatic cleavage with endopeptidases in the 2-D polyacrylamide gel, the asparagine and deamidated asparagine containing peptides were separated and quantified by reversed-phase HPLC. In order to separate these peptides, a neutral pH system was established and, as a result, the differences in hydrophobicity of asparagine-containing and deamidated asparagine-containing peptides increased. But how do deamidated asparagines contribute to the observed spot pattern? One spot in the 2-D gel consists of a mixture of protein species with the same number of deamidated asparagines but on different sequence position sites. The difference between the spots in the "ladder" is a growing number of negative charges introduced in the protein by an increasing number of deamidated asparagines. As a consequence, the mass difference between two spots is exactly 1 Da, which is shown in this paper for intact protein masses and the corresponding deamidated peptides.
A watermarking scheme for both spatial and frequency domain to extract the seal image without the original image (2003)

Digital watermarking has been introduced as a means of effectively protecting copyright of digitized media such as image, audio and multimedia data. We present a watermarking technique for embedding digital seal images into a digital image, and apply this technique to both the spatial and frequency domain of the image. Additionally, this technique does not require the original image to recover the seal image. This not only simplifies the encoding process but also makes up for the weak point which could be shown when an illegal attacker makes proving ownership difficult by creating a fake original. Experimental results show that the proposed watermarking technique is robust to various kinds of attacks.
Detection of Acute Phase Response and Infection. The Role of Procalcitonin and C-Reactive Protein (1999)

Due to the significant differences in the degree of increase, PCT appears to be useful in discriminating between acute phase response following cardiac surgery with CPB or local problems and systemic infections, with additional CRP-measurement increasing the specificity.
DRAFT: A dynamically reconfigurable processor for integer arithmetic (1985)

A special computer for high-precision arithmetic features an ALU that is dynamically reconfigurable under program control. The 256-bit ALU consists of 8 32-Mt slices each of which has its own ALU operation code in each microinstruction. The slices can remain logically separated from each other, or he dynamically connected to either or both of their neighbors under control of a segment control code that is part of each microinstruction. The micro-assembly language designed for the machine includes special features to assist in the control of the segmentation, data addressing, and control sequencing. Estimations of the times required to execute arithmetic operations on the machine show that it will be exceptionally fast for problems in computational number theory and factoring of integers.
P58IPK, a Novel Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-inducible Protein and Potential Negative Regulator of eIF2α Signaling (2003)

The unfolded protein response, which is activated in response to the loss of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) homeostasis and/or the accumulation of misfolded, unassembled, or aggregated proteins in the ER lumen, involves both transcriptional and translational regulation. In the current studies we sought to identify novel ER stress-induced genes by conducting microarray analysis on tunicamycin-treated cells. We identified P58(IPK), an inhibitor of the interferon-induced double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase, as induced during ER stress. Additional studies suggested that p58(IPK) induction was mediated via ATF6 and that P58(IPK) played a role in down-regulating the activity of the pancreatic eIF2 kinase/eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha (eIF2alpha)-like ER kinase/activation transcription factor (ATF) 4 pathway. Modulation of P58(IPK) levels altered the phosphorylation status of eIF2alpha, and thereby affected expression of its downstream targets, ATF4 and Gadd153. Overexpression of P58(IPK) inhibited eIF2alpha phosphorylation and reduced ATF4 and Gadd153 protein accumulation, whereas silencing of P58(IPK) expression enhanced pancreatic eIF2alpha-like ER kinase and eIF2alpha phosphorylation and increased ATF4 and Gadd153 accumulation. These findings implicate P58(IPK) as an important component of a negative feedback loop used by the cell to inhibit eIF2alpha signaling, and thus attenuate the unfolded protein response.
Self-Organization of Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids Exhibiting Liquid-Crystalline Bicontinuous Cubic Phases:  Formation of Nano-Ion Channel Networks (2007)

Three-dimensionally interconnected nano-ion channel networks are formed by room-temperature ionic liquids exhibiting thermotropic liquid-crystalline (LC) bicontinuous cubic phases. These LC ionic liquids are a new family of ion-conductive materials with self-organized nanostructures. The ionic liquids have fan-shaped block molecular structures composed of two immiscible molecular parts: the ammonium moiety at the focal point and the lipophilic tris(alkyloxy)phenyl part. We demonstrate that the ionic conductivities of the materials that are alignment free in the LC bicontinuous cubic phases are higher than those observed in the LC columnar phases.
Theta‐burst repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation suppresses specific excitatory circuits in the human motor cortex (2005)

In four conscious patients who had electrodes implanted in the cervical epidural space for the control of pain, we recorded corticospinal volleys evoked by single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the motor cortex before and after a 20 s period of continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS). It has previously been reported that this form of repetitive TMS reduces the amplitude of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs), with the maximum effect occurring at 5-10 min after the end of stimulation. The present results show that cTBS preferentially decreases the amplitude of the corticospinal I1 wave, with approximately the same time course. This is consistent with a cortical origin of the effect on the MEP. However, other protocols that lead to MEP suppression, such as short-interval intracortical inhibition, are characterized by reduced excitability of late I waves (particularly I3), suggesting that cTBS suppresses MEPs through different mechanisms, such as long-term depression in excitatory synaptic connections.
Genomic Profiling and Identification of High-Risk Uveal Melanoma by Array CGH Analysis of Primary Tumors and Liver Metastases (2009)

The analysis of the status of these specific chromosome regions by genome profiling on SNP microarrays should be a reliable tool for identifying high-risk patients in future adjuvant therapy protocols.