gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Resistivity SOI CMOS Cellular Antenna Switches (2009)

Results for cellular antenna switches using high resistivity silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS technology are presented. The performance of SOI RF switch FETs is presented and compared to a production GaAs pHEMT technology. Data from prototype high-resistivity SOI RF switch designs is presented and compared to pHEMT based designs.
Phosphatidylserine exposure on the surface of Leishmania amazonensis amastigotes modulates in vivo infection and dendritic cell function (2012)

Leishmania amazonensis parasites can cause diverse forms of leishmaniasis in humans and persistent lesions in most inbred strains of mice. In both cases, the infection is characterized by a marked immunosuppression of the host. We previously showed that amastigote forms of the parasite make use of surface-exposed phosphatidylserine (PS) molecules to infect host cells and promote alternative macrophage activation, leading to uncontrolled intracellular proliferation of the parasites. In this study, we demonstrated that treatment of infected mice with a PS-targeting monoclonal antibody ameliorated parasite loads and lesion development, which correlated with increased proliferative responses by lymphocytes. In addition, we observed an enhanced dendritic cell (DC) activation and antigen presentation in vitro. Our data imply that the recognition of PS exposed on the surface of amastigotes plays a role in down-modulating DC functions, in a matter similar to that of apoptotic cell clearance. This study provides new information regarding the mechanism of immune suppression in Leishmania infection.
The Halogenation of Salicylic Acid (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Halogenation of Salicylic AcidLarkin Hundley Farinholt, A. P. Stuart, and Daniel TwissCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 5, 1237–1241Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01862a072https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01862a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views565Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Intratumoral immunotherapy with TLR7/8 agonist MEDI9197 modulates the tumor microenvironment leading to enhanced activity when combined with other immunotherapies (2019)

Localized TLR7/8 agonism can enhance recruitment and activation of immune cells in tumors and polarize anti-tumor immunity towards a Th1 response. Moreover, we demonstrate that the anti-tumor effects of this TLR7/8 agonist can be enhanced through combination with checkpoint inhibitors and co-stimulatory agonists.
Modeling and signal processing for the nonlinear thin film recording channel (1992)

The implementation of high-density partial response channels in disk drives has been hampered by nonlinear interactions between transitions occurring in the write process. The degree of nonlinearity is not characterized by the density relative to the isolated transition pulsewidth, but rather by the transition spacing in relation to the transition width. For this reason the authors ignore the read process entirely and focus on the written magnetization, or write channel output. The origins of the nonlinearities are discussed. A simple generalization of the linear superposition model which is valid at higher densities is introduced. The Euclidean distance of suspected minimum distance paths is plotted versus density to estimate the performance roll-off of the nonlinear channel when maximum likelihood sequence detection is used.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Proteomic Approach to the Identification of Lung Cancer Markers (2001)

We have developed a comprehensive approach to the identification of protein markers in lung cancer that includes profiling of tumor tissue and cell lines as well as the analysis of serum for autoantibodies to lung tumor antigens. A large number of proteins that are differentially expressed in the major subtypes of lung cancer have been identified by mass spectrometry. A database of protein expression in lung cancer and other types of cancer has been constructed that integrates two-dimensional gel profiles, mass spectrometry data, quantitative protein data and gene expression data at the RNA level, that serves as a resource for biomarker identification. Analysis of the serological response in lung cancer has led to the identification of novel markers detectable in serum of lung cancer patients at the time of diagnosis. The proteomic approach is likely to yield novel classification schemes and novel markers for early diagnosis of lung cancer.
Determination of the rate of base-pair substitution and insertion mutations in retrovirus replication (1988)

We recently described a protocol for determination of retrovirus mutation rates, that is, the mutation frequency in a single cycle of retrovirus replication (J.P. Dougherty and H.M. Temin, Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:4378-4395, 1987; J.P. Dougherty and H.M. Temin, p. 18-23, in J. H. Miller and M. P. Calos, ed., Gene Transfer Vectors for Mammalian Cells, 1987). We used this protocol to determine the mutation rates for defined mutations in a replicating retrovirus by using a spleen necrosis virus-based vector. We determined that the mutation rate for a single base pair substitution during replication of this avian retrovirus is 2 x 10(-5) per base pair per replication cycle and the insertion rate is 10(-7) per base pair per replication cycle. It will be possible to use this protocol to determine mutation rates for other retroviruses.
Delivery of antigen using a novel mannosylated dendrimer potentiates immunogenicity in vitro and in vivo (2008)

Antigen mannosylation has been shown to be an effective approach to potentiate antigen immunogenicity, due to the enhanced antigen uptake and presentation by APC. To overcome disadvantages associated with conventional methods used to mannosylate antigens, we have developed a novel mannose-based antigen delivery system that utilizes a polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer. It is demonstrated that mannosylated dendrimer ovalbumin (MDO) is a potent immune inducer. With a strong binding avidity to DC, MDO potently induced OVA-specific T cell response in vitro. It was found that the immunogenicity of MDO was due not only to enhanced antigen presentation, but also to induction of DC maturation. Mice immunized with MDO generated strong OVA-specific CD4(+)/CD8(+) T cell and antibody responses. MDO also targeted lymph node DC to cross-present OVA, leading to OTI CD8(+) T cell proliferation. Moreover, upon challenge with B16-OVA tumor cells, tumors in mice pre-immunized with MDO either did not grow or displayed a much more delayed onset, and had slower kinetics of growth than those of OVA-immunized mice. This mannose-based antigen delivery system was applied here for the first time to the immunization study. With several advantages and exceptional adjuvanticity, we propose mannosylated dendrimer as a potential vaccine carrier.
A mammalian homolog ofunc-53is regulated byall-transretinoic acid in neuroblastoma cells and embryos (2002)

The vitamin A metabolite, all-trans retinoic acid (atRA), plays an important role in neuronal development, including neurite outgrowth. However, the genes that lie downstream of atRA and its receptors in neuronal cells are largely unknown. By using the human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y, we have identified an atRA-responsive gene (RAINB1: retinoic acid inducible in neuroblastoma cells) that is induced within 4 h after exposure of SH-SY5Y cells to atRA. RAINB1 mRNA is highly expressed in the nervous system (10.5- to 11-kb transcript) in both developing embryos and adults. Its expression is perturbed in developing rat embryos exposed to excess or insufficient atRA. RAINB1 is present on chromosome 11 and is spread over 38 exons, resulting in a putative ORF of 2,429 amino acids. The RAINB1 protein shows high similarity to a gene in Caenorhabditis elegans, unc-53, that is required for axonal elongation of mechanosensory neurons, suggesting that these proteins are orthologs. Thus, RAINB1 may represent a critical downstream gene in atRA-mediated neurite outgrowth.
Peptide variability exists within alpha and beta subunits of the T cell receptor for antigen. (1983)

The T cell receptor for antigen (Ti) has recently been identified as a 90-kdalton T3-associated clonotypic structure composed of one 49-51-kdalton alpha and one 43-kdalton beta subunit, which are disulfide linked. Here, Ti molecules from two alloreactive CTL clones derived from the same donor but of differing specificities (CT8III and CT4II) are directly compared following isolation with anticlonotypic monoclonal antibodies. Isoelectric focusing shows that the alpha subunits (pI 4.4-4.7) are more acidic than the beta subunits (pI 6.0-6.2) but that each glycoprotein species is distinctive. More importantly, two-dimensional peptide maps of 125I-labeled surface receptors indicate that the beta chains of Ti1 and Ti2 appear unique and share only two peptides in common. In contrast, peptide maps of Ti1 and Ti2 alpha chains are more related although not identical. These results suggest that the human T cell receptor is composed of constant as well as variable regions and that at least one of the latter is located within the beta subunit.
Temporal Variation in Triazolam Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics After Oral Administration (1986)

The effect of time of day of drug administration on triazolam pharmacokinetics was studied in ten healthy men. In a randomized, two-way, crossover investigation, each subject received one 0.5 mg triazolam tablet either in the morning (7 AM) or evening (10 PM). Blood samples were obtained immediately before dosing and at selected times up to 12 hours after dosing. Triazolam plasma concentrations were determined by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Psychomotor performance tests, including digit symbol substitution, card sorting by suits, and card sorting by fours, were administered, and the subjects' sedation was rated before drug and at two, ten, and 12 hours after drug administration. In addition, anterograde amnesia was assessed by showing objects to subjects two hours after dosing and testing aided and unaided recall at ten hours following administration. Triazolam's apparent elimination half-life after evening administration was significantly longer than after daytime ingestion (3.77 hr vs. 2.94 hr, P less than .05). There was no difference between times of dosing in total oral clearance or apparent volume of distribution. The absorption of triazolam was slower after evening administration, with an absorption half-life of 21.9 vs 13.3 minutes after daytime dosing. Performance decrements were significantly greater two hours after dosing in evening than in the daytime, but anterograde amnesia was more pronounced after daytime dosing. There was no effect on psychomotor performance at ten or 12 hours after administration in daytime or evening. These results indicate temporal variation in triazolam absorption and elimination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
PCN field test experiments using broadband-CDMA (2003)

The field test experiments performed for Millicom Inc., and LOCATE Inc., by SCS Mobilecom Inc. using the SCS developed broadband-CDMA mobile PCN system, are described. The frequency band selected for this field test was between 1850-1990 MHz, a band in which SCS, Millicom, and LOCATE each hold an experimental license. The purpose of these licenses is to study new PCN and to demonstrate the capability of a broadband-CDMA PCN system to share the spectrum with fixed-service point-to-point microwave systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cloning of thermostable DNA polymerases from hyperthermophilic marine Archaea with emphasis on Thermococcus sp. 9 degrees N-7 and mutations affecting 3'-5' exonuclease activity. (1996)

Five extremely thermophilic Archaea from hydrothermal vents were isolated, and their DNA polymerases were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Protein splicing elements (inteins) are present in many archaeal DNA polymerases, but only the DNA polymerase from strain GB-C contained an intein. Of the five cloned DNA polymerases, the Thermococcus sp. 9 degrees N-7 DNA polymerase was chosen for biochemical characterization. Thermococcus sp. 9 degrees N-7 DNA polymerase exhibited temperature-sensitive strand displacement activity and apparent Km values for DNA and dNTP similar to those of Thermococcus litoralis DNA polymerase. Six substitutions in the 3'-5' exonuclease motif I were constructed in an attempt to reduce the 3'-5' exonuclease activity of Thermococcus sp. 9 degrees N-7 DNA polymerase. Five mutants resulted in no detectable 3'-5' exonuclease activity, while one mutant (Glul43Asp) had <1% of wild-type activity.
Radiolabeled Phenethylguanidines:  Novel Imaging Agents for Cardiac Sympathetic Neurons and Adrenergic Tumors (2007)

The norepinephrine transporter (NET) substrates [123I]-m-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) and [11C]-m-hydroxyephedrine (HED) are used as markers of cardiac sympathetic neurons and adrenergic tumors (pheochromocytoma, neuroblastoma). However, their rapid NET transport rates limit their ability to provide accurate measurements of cardiac nerve density. [11C]Phenethylguanidine ([11C]1a) and 12 analogues ([11C]1b-m) were synthesized and evaluated as radiotracers with improved kinetics for quantifying cardiac nerve density. In isolated rat hearts, neuronal uptake rates of [11C]1a-m ranged from 0.24 to 1.96 mL min-1 (g wet wt)-1, and six compounds had extremely long neuronal retention times (clearance T1/2 > 20 h) due to efficient vesicular storage. Positron emission tomography (PET) studies in nonhuman primates with [11C]1e, N-[11C]guanyl-m-octopamine, which has a slow NET transport rate, showed improved myocardial kinetics compared to HED. Compound [11C]1c, [11C]-p-hydroxyphenethylguanidine, which has a rapid NET transport rate, avidly accumulated into rat pheochromocytoma xenograft tumors in mice. These encouraging findings demonstrate that radiolabeled phenethylguanidines deserve further investigation as radiotracers of cardiac sympathetic innervation and adrenergic tumors.
Circular RNAs are abundant, conserved, and associated with ALU repeats (2012)

Circular RNAs composed of exonic sequence have been described in a small number of genes. Thought to result from splicing errors, circular RNA species possess no known function. To delineate the universe of endogenous circular RNAs, we performed high-throughput sequencing (RNA-seq) of libraries prepared from ribosome-depleted RNA with or without digestion with the RNA exonuclease, RNase R. We identified >25,000 distinct RNA species in human fibroblasts that contained non-colinear exons (a "backsplice") and were reproducibly enriched by exonuclease degradation of linear RNA. These RNAs were validated as circular RNA (ecircRNA), rather than linear RNA, and were more stable than associated linear mRNAs in vivo. In some cases, the abundance of circular molecules exceeded that of associated linear mRNA by >10-fold. By conservative estimate, we identified ecircRNAs from 14.4% of actively transcribed genes in human fibroblasts. Application of this method to murine testis RNA identified 69 ecircRNAs in precisely orthologous locations to human circular RNAs. Of note, paralogous kinases HIPK2 and HIPK3 produce abundant ecircRNA from their second exon in both humans and mice. Though HIPK3 circular RNAs contain an AUG translation start, it and other ecircRNAs were not bound to ribosomes. Circular RNAs could be degraded by siRNAs and, therefore, may act as competing endogenous RNAs. Bioinformatic analysis revealed shared features of circularized exons, including long bordering introns that contained complementary ALU repeats. These data show that ecircRNAs are abundant, stable, conserved and nonrandom products of RNA splicing that could be involved in control of gene expression.
Plasma nucleic acid analysis by massively parallel sequencing: pathological insights and diagnostic implications (2011)

Over the past 15 years there has been increasing interest in the biology and diagnostic applications of circulating DNA in the plasma of human subjects. In particular, DNA from a fetus, a tumour, a transplanted organ and injured tissues has been found in the plasma of pregnant women, cancer patients, transplant recipients and patients suffering from multiple pathologies, respectively. The advent of massively parallel sequencing has given us a quantitative and powerful tool for studying circulating DNA on a genome-wide level. Using this approach, fetal chromosomal aneuploidies can be robustly detected using maternal plasma. Furthermore, a genome-wide genetic map of a fetus can also be constructed using this approach. This method has also allowed one to identify tumour-associated chromosomal translocations, which can then be detected in plasma. The direct application of massively parallel sequencing to the serum of cancer patients has also allowed quantitative aberrations that are associated with malignancy to be detected in serum. The use of massively parallel sequencing on the plasma of transplantation recipients has opened up an approach for detecting rejection. The application of circulating DNA sequencing has also opened up a new method for elucidating the quantitative aberration of circulating DNA in many pathological conditions. Such developments would provide new modalities for molecular diagnostics and would improve our understanding of the biology of circulating nucleic acids.
Conversation-based mail (1986)

A new message communication paradigm based on conversations that provides an alternative to memo - and conference -based mail is described. A conversation-based message system groups messages into conversations, and orders messages within a conversation according to the context in which they were written. The message context relation leads to an efficient implementation of conversations in a distributed environment and supports a natural ordering of messages when viewed by the user. Experience with a prototype demonstrates the workability of conversation-based mail and suggests that conversations provide a powerful tool for message communication.
Valproyl-dephosphoCoA: a novel metabolite of valproate formed in vitro in rat liver mitochondria. (2004)

The mitochondrial metabolism of valproic acid (VPA) was investigated in vitro to elucidate its beta-oxidation pathway since the characterization of VPA intermediates in the acyl-CoA thioester form, and not just in their free acid form, has not been fully achieved. Intact rat liver mitochondria were incubated with [4,5-3H2]VPA and [2-3H]VPA. The respective intermediates, valproyl-CoA, Delta2(E)-valproyl-CoA, 3-hydroxyvalproyl-CoA, and 3-oxovalproyl-CoA were analyzed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with radioisotope and UV detection. An unknown metabolite, originating from both labeled substrates, was detected. It was identified as valproyl-dephosphoCoA (valproyl-dephCoA) by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) analysis of the corresponding HPLC peak fraction. The FAB-MS spectrum of the authentic chemically synthesized valproyl-dephCoA proved to be consistent with that of the unknown compound. Valproyl-dephCoA is produced from valproyl-CoA in mitochondria, probably via a phosphatase-catalyzed reaction. This conversion was shown to be more dependent on the energy state involving [AXP] ([AXP] = [ATP] + [ADP] + [AMP]) and [phosphate] concentrations rather than the strict mitochondrial [ATP]/[ADP] ratio. The results indicate that higher concentrations of AXP and phosphate inhibit the dephosphorylation of valproyl-CoA. A complete understanding of the toxic significance of valproyl-dephCoA formation in vivo as a potential inhibitor of fatty acid beta-oxidation is important to clarify the pathogenesis of VPA-associated hepatotoxicity.
Physics-based simulation of buffer-trapping effects on slow current transients and current collapse in GaN field effect transistors (2005)

Two-dimensional transient analyses of GaN metal-semiconductor field effect transistors (MESFETs) are performed in which a three level compensation model is adopted for a semi-insulating buffer layer, where a shallow donor, a deep donor, and a deep acceptor are included. Quasipulsed current-voltage (I-V) curves are derived from the transient characteristics and are compared with steady-state I-V curves. It is shown that when the drain voltage VD is raised abruptly, the drain current ID overshoots the steady-state value, and when VD is lowered abruptly, ID remains at a low value for some periods, showing drain-lag behavior. These are explained by the deep donor’s electron capturing and electron emission processes quantitatively. The drain lag could be a major cause of current collapse, although some gate lag is also seen due to the buffer layer. The current collapse is shown to be more pronounced when the deep-acceptor density in the buffer layer is higher and when an off-state drain voltage is higher, because the change of ionized deep-donor density becomes larger and hence the trapping effects become more significant. It is suggested that to minimize the current collapse in GaN-based FETs, an acceptor density in a semi-insulating layer should be made low, although the current cutoff behavior may be degraded.
Oral Absorption Improvement of Poorly Soluble Drug Using Solid Dispersion Technique. (1996)

A new triazol antifungal agent, (+)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-methyl-1-(1H-1, 2,4-triazol-1-yl)-3-[6-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pyridazin++ +-3-ylthio]butan-2-ol (MFB-1041), shows poor oral absorption and is practically insoluble in water (1.2 micrograms/ml). Solid dispersion systems with an enteric polymer such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate (HP-55) and carboxymethylethylcellulose (CMEC), and a nonenteric polymer, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (Metolose) were evaluated to improve drug absorption and solubility. The oral bioavailabilities of these solid dispersions in beagle dogs were over 6 times higher than that of a suspension system with increasing drug solubility in an alkaline medium. X-Ray powder diffraction measurement of the solid dispersion showed a complete drug phase change from a crystal to an amorphous state. Further, from the results of a stability test, the preparations were stable in a desiccated condition and the absorption profiles also showed no change. From the results, it was suggested that the oral administrative preparation of MFB-1041 having a superior absorption profile and a high stability could be obtained by a drug phase change from a crystal to an amorphous state, especially in the spray-drying method using enteric polymers.