gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of vaccination with a modified-live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine on dynamics of homologous viral infection in pigs (2007)

Abstract Objective —To determine effects of vaccination protocols with modified-live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine on persistence and transmission of virus in pigs infected with a homologous isolate and determine clinical and virologic responses following heterologous viral challenge. Animals —Four hundred forty 6- to 8-week-old PRRSV-naïve pigs. Procedures —Pigs were allocated into 5 groups. Groups A to D were inoculated with wild-type PRRSV VR2332. Group A (positive control pigs) received PRRSV only. Groups B, C, and D received modified-live PRRSV vaccine (1, 2, or 3 doses). Group E served as a negative control group. To evaluate viral transmission, sentinel pigs were introduced into each group at intervals from 37 to 67, 67 to 97, and 97 to 127 days postinoculation (DPI). To evaluate persistence, pigs were euthanized at 37, 67, 97, or 127 DPI. To assess clinical and virologic response after challenge, selected pigs from each group were inoculated at 98 DPI with a heterologous isolate (PRRSV MN-184). Results —Mass vaccination significantly reduced the number of persistently infected pigs at 127 DPI. Vaccination did not eliminate wild-type PRRSV; administration of 2 or 3 doses of modified-live virus vaccine reduced viral shedding after 97 DPI. Previous exposure to wild-type and vaccine virus reduced clinical signs and enhanced growth following heterologous challenge but did not prevent infection. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance —Findings suggest that therapeutic vaccination may help to reduce economic losses of PRRSV caused by infection; further studies to define the role of modified-live virus vaccines in control-eradication programs are needed.
Short-Term Trading for a Wind Power Producer (2010)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper presents a technique to derive the best offering strategy for a wind power producer in an electricity market that includes various trading floors. Uncertainty pertaining to wind availability, market prices at the different trading stages, and balancing energy needs are properly taken into account. Risk on profit variability is suitably controlled at the cost of a small reduction in expected profit. The proposed technique translates into a linear programming problem of moderate size, which is readily solvable using commercially available software. A variety of numerical case studies demonstrate the interest and effectiveness of the proposed technique. Appropriate conclusions are duly drawn. </para>
A large-scale active learning system for topical categorization on the web (2010)

Many web applications such as ad matching systems, vertical search engines, and page categorization systems require the identification of a particular type or class of pages on the Web. The sheer number and diversity of the pages on the Web, however, makes the problem of obtaining a good sample of the class of interest hard. In this paper, we describe a successfully deployed end-to-end system that starts from a biased training sample and makes use of several state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms working in tandem, including a powerful active learning component, in order to achieve a good classification system. The system is evaluated on traffic from a real-world ad-matching platform and is shown to achieve high categorization effectiveness with a significant reduction in editorial effort and labeling time.
The Reaction of Hydroquinone with Ethyl Chloroacetate (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Hydroquinone with Ethyl ChloroacetateCarl M. MoserCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 3, 1413–1415Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01159a519https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01159a519research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views311Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A novel autoregulatory mechanism for transcriptional activation of the IL‐15 gene by a nonsecretable isoform of IL‐15 generated by alternative splicing (2005)

There are several isoforms of interleukin (IL) -15 generated by alternating splicing. We reported previously that alternative IL-15 transgenic (Tg) mice expressing an IL-15 cDNA isoform encoding nonsecretable IL-15 protein had an impaired ability to produce IL-15. In this study, we found that expression of endogenous IL-15 mRNA but not tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA was severely impaired in response to lipopolysaccharide, not only in macrophages from alternative IL-15 Tg mice but also in RAW264.7 cells that had been transfected with alternative IL-15 together with IL-15 receptor alpha (IL-15Ralpha). IL-15 promoter activity was suppressed in the transfected cells. Although nuclear factor-kappaB activation was not impaired, the binding activity of nuclear extracts to the interferon-stimulated response element of the IL-15 promoter region was reduced in RAW264.7 cells, which had been cotransfected with alternative IL-15 and IL-15Ralpha. IL-15 was mainly colocalized with IL-15Ralpha at the cytoplasmic membrane of RAW264.7 cells, which had been cotransfected with normal IL-15, whereas nonsecretable IL-15 was colocalized with IL-15Ralpha in nucleus after cotransfection with alternative IL-15 and IL-15Ralpha. These results suggest that nonsecretable IL-15 generated by alternative splicing suppresses further IL-15 gene transcription, implying a novel autocrine regulatory mechanism for cytokine gene expression by alternative splicing.
Herpesviral replication compartments move and coalesce at nuclear speckles to enhance export of viral late mRNA (2011)

The role of the intranuclear movement of chromatin in gene expression is not well-understood. Herpes simplex virus forms replication compartments (RCs) in infected cell nuclei as sites of viral DNA replication and late gene transcription. These structures develop from small compartments that grow in size, move, and coalesce. Quantitative analysis of RC trajectories, derived from 4D images, shows that most RCs move by directed motion. Directed movement is impaired in the presence of actin and myosin inhibitors as well as a transcription inhibitor. In addition, RCs coalesce at and reorganize nuclear speckles. Lastly, distinct effects of actin and myosin inhibitors on viral gene expression suggest that RC movement is not required for transcription, but rather, movement results in the bridging of transcriptionally active RCs with nuclear speckles to form structures that enhance export of viral late mRNAs.
Thrombospondin 1 expression in transformed endothelial cells restores a normal phenotype and suppresses their tumorigenesis. (1995)

Murine endothelial cells are readily transformed in a single step by the polyomavirus oncogene encoding middle-sized tumor antigen. These cells (bEND.3) form tumors (hemangiomas) in mice which are lethal in newborn animals. The bEND.3 cells rapidly proliferate in culture and express little or no thrombospondin 1 (TS1). To determine the role of TS1 in regulation of endothelial cell phenotype, we stably transfected bEND.3 cells with a human TS1 expression vector. The cells expressing human TS1 were readily identified by their altered morphology and exhibited a slower growth rate and lower saturation density than the parental bEND.3 cells. The TS1-expressing cells also formed aligned cords of cells instead of clumps or cysts in Matrigel. Moreover, while the bEND.3 cells formed large tumors in nude mice within 48 hr, the TS1-expressing cells failed to form tumors even after 1 month. The TS1-transfected cells expressed transforming growth factor beta mRNA and bioactivity at levels similar to those of the parental or vector-transfected bEND.3 cells, indicating that the effects of TS1 expression are not due to the activation of transforming growth factor beta by TS1. TS1 expression resulted in a > 100-fold decrease in net fibrinolytic (urokinase-type plasminogen activator, uPA) activity due to more plasminogen-activator inhibitor 1 and less uPA secretion. TS1 thus appears to be an important regulator of endothelial cell phenotype required for maintaining the quiescent, differentiated state.
Effects of a novel immunomodulating agent, FTY720, on tumor growth and angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma (2005)

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential anticancer and antiangiogenic effects of FTY720 on hepatocellular carcinoma. In vitro, chemosensitivity was tested on hepatoma cells, nontumorigenic, immortalized hepatocyte cells, as well as human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Moreover, effect of FTY720 on cell cycle and apoptosis was analyzed. In addition, a number of angiogenesis-associated assays were carried out. The in vivo effect of the drug on hepatocellular carcinoma tumor growth on nude mice was studied. Tissues obtained were analyzed in terms of proliferation, apoptosis, tumor microvessel density, and tumor vascular permeability. Compared with the MIHA cells, the hepatoma cell lines as well as HUVECs were found to be highly sensitive to the drugs in the aspect that FTY720 could induce G(1) arrest and apoptosis in the hepatoma cells. Furthermore, FTY720 significantly decreased invasion, migration, and capillary tube formation of HUVECs at very low doses. In vivo study showed that tumor growth was significantly suppressed in the FTY720-treated animals, and staining of the tissue sections showed decreased tumor cell proliferation and increased tumor cell apoptosis in the treatment groups. Interestingly, significant reductions in tumor microvessel density and tumor vascular permeability were also found in the FTY720-treated groups. In conclusion, FTY720 not only shows potent antiangiogenic effects but is also cytotoxic toward hepatoma cells. Results from our preclinical study suggest that FTY720 can be selected as a good candidate for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
CLASS simulation of real time, highly compressed video transmission through an interference limited environment (1989)

CLASS (Communication Link Analysis and Simulation System) has been modified to predict the performance of digital video telemetry systems in remotely controlled spacecraft robotics applications where the communications link may be highly corrupted by RFI (radio frequency interference). Unlike previous functional type simulations which use statistical models to characterize the steady-state channel, this new CLASS tool is an emulation type simulator which is capable of modeling both transient and steady-state conditions in the channel. The system architecture uses sequential tasking to simulate bit-by-bit signal processing through each successive component of the channel. Subsystems are: 1) the digital video data compression and reconstruction subsystem; 2) the Reed-Solomon Codec subsystem; and 3) the TDRSS Link subsystem. Subsystems 2 & 3 form a concatenated coded channel using a Reed-Solomon outer code and a convolutional inner code. The novel features of the software package are: 1) the modular design offers easy modification of the system configuration; 2) it provides extensive performance characterizations of channel components and subsystems including loss of synchronization and reacquisition; 3) through statistical reduction and transformation of emulation type simulation data bases, the simulator may be reconfigured to a speedy, efficient functional type simulation. This paper describes the capabilities, structure and modeling techniques of this new version of the CLASS as it is used in modeling the Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle (OMV) video telemetry return (VDTLMRTN) channel.
Role of red blood cells in haemostasis and thrombosis (2016)

In contrast to an obsolete notion that erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), play a passive and minor role in hemostasis and thrombosis, over the past decades there has been increasing evidence that RBCs have biologically and clinically important functions in blood clotting and its disorders. This review summarizes the main mechanisms that underlie the involvement of RBCs in hemostasis and thrombosis in vivo, such as rheological effects on blood viscosity and platelet margination, aggregation and deformability of RBCs; direct adhesion and indirect biochemical interactions with endothelial cells and platelets, etc. The ability of stored and pathologically altered RBCs to generate thrombin through exposure of phosphatidylserine has been emphasized. The procoagulant and prothrombotic potential of RBC-derived microparticles transfused with stored RBCs or formed in various pathological conditions associated with hemolysis has been described along with prothrombotic effects of free hemoglobin and heme. Binding of fibrinogen or fibrin to RBCs may influence their effects on fibrin network structure, clot mechanical properties, and fibrinolytic resistance. Recent data on platelet-driven clot contraction show that RBCs compressed by platelets pulling on fibrin form a tightly packed array of polyhedral erythrocytes, or polyhedrocytes, which comprises a nearly impermeable barrier important for hemostasis and wound healing. RBCs may perform dual roles, both helping to stem bleeding but at the same time contributing to thrombosis in a variety of ways.
Growth inhibition of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma in athymic mice by anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibodies (1989)

Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) were developed against epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor on the human epidermoid carcinoma cell line A431. The A431 antigen recognized by the MoAbs has an apparent molecular weight of approximately 170,000, with the same molecular weight as the CNE-2 cell line (poorly differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma). Administration of anti-EGF receptor MoAbs inhibited tumor formation, caused by the CNE-2 and A431 cell lines, in athymic mice. When the same MoAbs were used in therapy against Tca8113 (a human tongue carcinoma) and HeLa cells (a human cervical carcinoma), tumor growth was not affected. The number of EGF receptors and the apparent dissociation constants for 125I-EGF on CNE-2 and A431 were 1.3 x 10(5)/cell (Kd 7.7 x 10(-8) M) and 1.4 x 10(6)/cell (Kd 2.4 x 10(-9) M), respectively. Three anti-EGF receptor MoAbs were used in these studies. MoAbs 3 and 176, capable of competing with EGF for receptor binding, showed significant tumor growth inhibition. MoAb 101 was incapable of blocking the binding of EGF to its receptor and was not as effective as MoAbs 3 and 176 in tumor growth inhibition. Our observation is that in vitro, MoAb anti-EGF receptor is cytostatic, rather than cytocidal, against CNE-2 and A431.
Efficacy of a Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine in Healthy Children and Adolescents (2019)

TAK-003 was efficacious against symptomatic dengue in countries in which the disease is endemic. (Funded by Takeda Vaccines; TIDES ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02747927.).
Protein concentration dependence on aggregation behavior and properties of soybean 7S and 11S globulins during alkali-treatment. (1980)

Changes in aggregation and properties of alkali-treated soybean 7S and 11S globulins depend upon protein concentration during alkali-treatment. Such variables were investigated by viscosity, electrophoresis, circular dichroism, pulsed NMR, emulsion capacity and CaCl2 precipitation measurements. In lower protein concentrations, the intrinsic viscosity decreased and the penetrative fractions into electrophoresis gel increased. The reduced contacts of proteins during neutralization resulted in smaller aggregates. Also specific fractions which were more sensitive to protein concentration on aggregation were observed for 11S globulin. The quantity of bound water depended only on pH at 7% concentration treatment. When the gel was formed, the bound water of protein increased, e.g., 0.085g and 0.135g/g protein at pH 10.6 and 13.2 treatment, respectively, whereas at 1% treatment, bound water showed almost no pH dependence (about 0.13g/g protein). Furthermore, proteins prepared at higher protein concentrations were characterized by higher emulsion capacity and CaCl2 pre-cipitation ability. However, no protein concentration dependence was seen in the secondary structure of the aggregates.
Source separation using a criterion based on second-order statistics (1998)

It is often assumed that blind separation of dynamically mixed sources cannot be done with second-order statistics. It is shown that separation of dynamically mixed sources indeed can be performed using second-order statistics only. A criterion based on second-order statistics for the purpose of separating crosswise mixtures is stated. The criterion is used in order to derive a gradient-based separation algorithm, as well as a Newton-type separation algorithm. The uniqueness of the solution representing the separation is also investigated. This reveals that (1) the channel system is parameter identifiable under weak conditions, and (2) if the sources have the same color, there exists at most two solutions. The local convergence behavior of the proposed algorithm is studied and reveals a sufficient condition for local convergence. Furthermore, the estimates of the channel system are shown to be consistent or to locally minimize the criterion.
Cloning of Complementary DNAs Encoding Islet Amyloid Polypeptide, Insulin, and Glucagon Precursors from a New World Rodent, the Degu,Octodon degus (1990)

The degu, Octodon degus, is a South American hystricomorph rodent that is of interest because it develops spontaneous diabetes mellitus and has been found to have islet amyloidosis. To help clarify these problems we have cloned cDNAs encoding islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), insulin, and glucagon precursors from this species. The predicted amino acid sequence of degu IAPP is very similar to that of nonamyloid-forming guinea pig IAPP. In contrast, degu insulin and the C-terminal region of degu glucagon are highly divergent from those of other mammals, as is also the case in the guinea pig, suggesting the existence of some form of positive evolutionary pressure on these hormones of carbohydrate metabolism in the hystricomorph rodents.
Use of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) in swine diets (2008)

Jerry Shurson, Lee Johnston, Sam Baidoo, and Mark Whitney Department of Animal Science, St. Paul; West Central Research and Outreach Center, Morris; Southern Research and Outreach Center, Waseca; University of Minnesota Extension Service, Mankato, University of Minnesota Introduction During the last 10 years, many new dry-grind fuel ethanol plants have been constructed and there are now approximately 165 plants in the U.S. that are projected to produce more than 18 million metric tons of DDGS in 2008 (Renewable Fuels Association, 2008). As a result of this dramatic increase in the production, a significant amount of research has been conducted during recent years to further evaluate the nutrient content, digestibility, feeding value, and unique properties associated with DDGS for swine. The objective of this paper is to summarize recent research results involving the nutritional and feeding value of DDGS in diets for weanling, growing-finishing, and reproducing swine, and its effects on gut health and manure management.
The ghost in the browser analysis of web-based malware (2007)

As more users are connected to the Internet and conduct their daily activities electronically, computer users have become the target of an underground economy that infects hosts with malware or adware for financial gain. Unfortunately, even a single visit to an infected web site enables the attacker to detect vulnerabilities in the user’s applications and force the download a multitude of malware binaries. Frequently, this malware allows the adversary to gain full control of the compromised systems leading to the ex-filtration of sensitive information or installation of utilities that facilitate remote control of the host. We believe that such behavior is similar to our traditional understanding of botnets. However, the main difference is that web-based malware infections are pull-based and that the resulting command feedback loop is looser. To characterize the nature of this rising thread, we identify the four prevalent mechanisms used to inject malicious content on popular web sites: web server security, user contributed content, advertising and third-party widgets. For each of these areas, we present examples of abuse found on the Internet. Our aim is to present the state of malware on the Web and emphasize the importance of this rising threat. 1.
Iterative seismic inversion (1988)

Two well-known iterative algorithms, steepest descent and conjugate-gradient descent, are used to solve the non-linear seismic inversion problem from reflection data by minimizing the mean-square error between the measured data and data generated by the estimated model. This approach offers great flexibility, both in incorporating a priori information and in its ability to weight the measurements in an optimal fashion based on error statistics, which serves to regularize an otherwise ill-conditioned inversion. In minimizing the mean-square error, many authors have proposed Newton-like methods, but the above descent algorithms are generally more stable and avoid the need to invert a large matrix containing second-derivative information. The problem can be formulated so that the first iterate gives the Born inversion. In most iterative approaches the gradient of the measurements with respect to the model plays a fundamental role in minimizing the mean-square error. The gradient is usually derived by linearizing the measurement-model relationship (the Lippmann-Schwinger equation) and then ‘differentiating’ with respect to the model. This procedure gives the correct gradient only when the Green's function is updated after each iteration on the basis of the latest model estimate. A new approach is used here for deriving the gradient based on a generalization of a formula due to Weston (1979) which results in explicit expressions for the updated Green's function in both the time and frequency domains for arbitrary illumination and near-field detection. A formula is also derived for the finite (i.e. non-infinitesimal) change in the measured field due to a finite change in the model. This formula could be useful in formulating descent algorithms using exact finite differences without derivatives.
An investigation of the reactions of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, hydrogen, and water over iron, iron carbides, and iron oxides (1977)

Thesis. 1977. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Chemical Engineering.