gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4544: Induction of KLF4 by LOR-253 as an innovative therapeutic approach to induce apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (2014)

Abstract LOR-253, a small molecule anticancer agent that acts through induction of the tumor suppressor Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), has demonstrated antitumor activity as a single agent in a Phase I study in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors. Recently, the vast majority of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were shown to inappropriately express the embryonic CDX2 gene in bone marrow stem and progenitor cells, resulting in down-regulation of KLF4 expression as the leukemogenic event. Consequently, we examined the antitumor activity and mechanism of action for LOR-253 in AML cells and cells representing other hematological malignancies. Indeed, LOR-253 was found to inhibit proliferation of various human leukemia and lymphoma cell lines in vitro with low nM IC50 values. Further LOR-253 induced high levels of KLF4 mRNA expression in AML cells and a resultant significant increase in expression of p21, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that is transcriptionally regulated by KLF4. Consistent with these findings, in AML cells we found that LOR-253 induced G1/S cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, based on positive Annexin V staining, activated caspase-3, and increased BAX mRNA expression. Studies are underway to further characterize the pathway that mediates KLF4 induction by LOR-253, to characterize the effects of LOR-253 in combination with approved chemotherapies for AML, and to assess the efficacy of LOR-253 in animal models of AML. Induction of KLF4 represents a novel approach to the treatment of AML and other hematologic malignancies, and LOR-253 is the only clinical stage agent to act through this mechanism of action. Citation Format: Ronnie Lum, Mojib Javadi, Tiffany Cheng, Robert Peralta, Howard Cukier, Jeff Lightfoot, Yoon Lee, Aiping Young, William G. Rice. Induction of KLF4 by LOR-253 as an innovative therapeutic approach to induce apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4544. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4544
InterShop: Enhancing the Vendor/Customer Dialectic in Electronic Shopping (1995)

:Electronic shopping systems offer new horizons in vendor marketing, customer convenience, and overall market efficiencies. Information networks can gather thousands of vendors and millions of customers into an information-rich marketplace that serves both their perspectives. Unfortunately, existing electronic shopping systems provide a vendor/customer dialectic that offers low product differentiation and comparability. This limits market efficiency and results in negative experiences for both vendors and customers. We propose a functional architecture for a new generation of electronic shopping infrastructures to dramatically improve vendor representation and customer navigation. This design reshapes the vendor/customer dialectic by providing higher levels of both product differentiation and comparability. A prototype implementation of the architecture is described.
In vivo aggregation of maize Activator (Ac) transposase in nuclei of maize endosperm and Petunia protoplasts (1994)

The transposase (TPase) of the maize transposon Activator (Ac) accumulates in the nuclei of maize endosperm and transfected Petunia protoplasts, where it aggregates into rod-like structures about 2 microm in length. In petunia protoplasts the amount of TPase aggregates increases with the strength of the promoter fused to the Ac-coding region. The excision frequency of a Ds element, however, does not increase proportionally. The data suggest that the aggregated TPase is not responsible for the mobilization of the Ds element, but rather is a transpositionally inactive form of the protein. In contrast to the full-length TPase, a functional, N-terminally truncated TPase derivative is inefficiently transported into the nucleus at high expression levels and aggregates predominantly in the cytoplasm. Accordingly, the N-terminus of the TPase is involved in nuclear localization and/or aggregation.
Practical Compress-Forward in User Cooperation: Wyner-Ziv Cooperation (2006)

A novel user cooperation scheme, termed Wyner-Ziv cooperation, is proposed as generalization of Slepian-Wolf cooperation and a solid example for compress-forward. After motivating the idea, we present the framework of Wyner-Ziv cooperation and discuss the technical details including input/output relationships for a soft (BCJR) decoder, the cooperative strategy, quantizer optimization technologies, and a modified BCJR decoding algorithm. The gains observed in the computer simulations, up to 11.5 dB for the source-relay outage case and 3.5 dB on average, a strong testimony that it is not only feasible but also beneficial to exploit Wyner-Ziv coding in user cooperation
Surface chemistry of silica–titania-supported chromium oxide catalysts (1995)

The interaction of chromium oxide with different titania–silica supports has been examined. The oxide supports investigated consisted of SiO2, TiO2, physical mixtures of TiO2 and SiO2, a surface titania overlayer on SiO2(10% of theoretical monolayer) and a surface silica overlayer on TiO2(80% of theoretical monolayer). The supported chromium oxide catalysts were structurally characterized with Raman spectroscopy (RS), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and chemically probed by the methanol oxidation reaction. The RS and DRS characterization studies demonstrate that the supported chromium oxide phase is almost exclusively present as a surface Cr6+ overlayer for 1–3% CrO3, but traces of Cr3+ and Cr5+ are also detected. Under ambient conditions, the molecular structures of the surface chromates (monochromates vs. polychromates) are dependent on the net pH at the point of zero charge of the thin aqueous film at the surface of the supports. Under dehydrated conditions, the molecular structures are dependent on the specific support and its composition. Monochromates are dominant on SiO2 and the surface silica overlayer on TiO2. Both polychromates and monochromates are present on the surface titania overlayer on SiO2, while surface polychromates are primarily present on TiO2 as well as the TiO2 and SiO2 physical mixtures. These physical mixtures possess mainly polychromates because Cr6+ and Cr5+ preferentially migrate and coordinate to the titania phase. The surface chromate and Cr5+ species also appear to coordinate preferentially to the surface titania sites present in the surface titania overlayer on SiO2. The methanol oxidation probe reaction could not readily discriminate between the different surface chromate coordination sites because of the very similar reactivity and selectivity patterns of all the different surface sites present in the supported chromium oxide catalysts. The reactivity patterns, however, are consistent with the coordination of Cr oxide to the surface titania sites on SiO2.
Should determination of the karyotype be systematic for all malformations detected by obstetrical ultrasound? (2005)

Each fetus with multiple malformations needs a chromosomal analysis. Within the group of isolated malformations, our study emphasizes that medical maternal history and the type of malformation need to be taken into account before performing a fetal karyotype.
Broad distribution of ataxin 1 silencing in rhesus cerebella for spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 therapy (2015)

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 is one of nine polyglutamine expansion diseases and is characterized by cerebellar ataxia and neuronal degeneration in the cerebellum and brainstem. Currently, there are no effective therapies for this disease. Previously, we have shown that RNA interference mediated silencing of ATXN1 mRNA provides therapeutic benefit in mouse models of the disease. Adeno-associated viral delivery of an engineered microRNA targeting ATXN1 to the cerebella of well-established mouse models improved motor phenotypes, neuropathy, and transcriptional changes. Here, we test the translatability of this approach in adult rhesus cerebella. Nine adult male and three adult female rhesus macaque were unilaterally injected with our therapeutic vector, a recombinant adeno-associated virus type 1 (rAAV1) expressing our RNAi trigger (miS1) and co-expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (rAAV1.miS1eGFP) into the deep cerebellar nuclei using magnetic resonance imaging guided techniques combined with a Stealth Navigation system (Medtronics Inc.). Transduction was evident in the deep cerebellar nuclei, cerebellar Purkinje cells, the brainstem and the ventral lateral thalamus. Reduction of endogenous ATXN1 messenger RNA levels were ≥30% in the deep cerebellar nuclei, the cerebellar cortex, inferior olive, and thalamus relative to the uninjected hemisphere. There were no clinical complications, and quantitative and qualitative analyses suggest that this therapeutic intervention strategy and subsequent reduction of ATXN1 is well tolerated. Collectively the data illustrate the biodistribution and tolerability of rAAV1.miS1eGFP administration to the adult rhesus cerebellum and are supportive of clinical application for spinocerebellar ataxia type 1.
Feasibility of optoacoustic visualization of high-intensity focused ultrasound-induced thermal lesions in live tissue (2010)

A 3-D optoacoustic imaging system was used to visualize thermal lesions produced in vivo using high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). A 7.5-MHz, surgical, focused transducer with a radius of curvature of 35 mm and an aperture diameter of 23 mm was used to generate HIFU. A pulsed laser, which could operate at 755 nm and 1064 nm, was used to illuminate excised tissue and mice using a bifurcated fiber bundle resulting in two wide beams of light. Tomographic images were obtained while the specimens were rotated within a sphere outlined by a concave arc-shaped array of 64 piezo-composite transducers. These images were then combined to reconstruct 3-D volume images (voxel resolution 0.5 mm), which were acquired before and after HIFU exposure. In vivo optoacoustic images acquired at 1064 nm provided visualization of HIFU lesions. The lesion was indicated by a negative optoacoustic contrast. The molecular nature of such contrast may possibly be associated with reduction of the optical absorption due to reduced concentration of blood, tissue dehydration, denaturation of proteins and porphyrins, and reduction of thermoacoustic efficiency in the thermally treated tissue. These preliminary results demonstrate the potential of optoacoustic imaging to assess and monitor the progress of HIFU therapy.
Hydrogel‐Forming Microneedle Arrays for Enhanced Transdermal Drug Delivery (2012)

Unique microneedle arrays prepared from crosslinked polymers, which contain no drug themselves, are described. They rapidly take up skin interstitial fluid upon skin insertion to form continuous, unblockable, hydrogel conduits from attached patch-type drug reservoirs to the dermal microcirculation. Importantly, such microneedles, which can be fabricated in a wide range of patch sizes and microneedle geometries, can be easily sterilized, resist hole closure while in place, and are removed completely intact from the skin. Delivery of macromolecules is no longer limited to what can be loaded into the microneedles themselves and transdermal drug delivery is now controlled by the crosslink density of the hydrogel system rather than the stratum corneum, while electrically modulated delivery is also a unique feature. This technology has the potential to overcome the limitations of conventional microneedle designs and greatly increase the range of the type of drug that is deliverable transdermally, with ensuing benefits for industry, healthcare providers and, ultimately, patients.
Notes florístiques de Menorca (1998)

En el present article, es recullen diverses dades floristiques de plantes de Menorca. Algunes d'elles senzillament son ampliacions de l'area de distribucio fins ara coneguda. Pero d'altres son novetat no sols per a la flora menorquina, sino tambe per a les flores balear i iberica. Aixi, Phagnalon graecum Boiss. & Heldr. es novetat per a la flora iberica. Lophochloa hispida (Savi) Jonsell, Rumex palustris Sm., Teline monspessulana (L.) C. Koch. i Tuberaria macrosepa-la (Salzm. ex Boiss.) Willk. son novetats per a la flora balear, i son novetats per a la flora menorquina: Amaranthus viridis L., Anacyclus clavatus (Desf.) Pers., Euphorbia falcata L. subsp. falcata, Poa trivialis L. subsp. trivialis, Po-lygonum bellardii All., Rumex obtusifolius L., Silene muscipula L., Spergularia heldreichii Fouc., Tamarix mascatensis Bunge, Trifolium pratense L., Trifolium repens L. subsp. repens.
A retrogen strategy for presentation of an intracellular tumor antigen as an exogenous antigen by dendritic cells induces potent antitumor T helper and CTL responses. (2001)

Induction of an effective antitumor response requires CD4+ helper T (Th) cells to recognize antigens on the same dendritic cells (DCs) that cross-present CTL antigens. Such cross-presentation is difficult to achieve by current tumor vaccine strategies. Here, we develop a novel "Retrogen" strategy for DCs to efficiently cross-present an intracellular tumor antigen, MAGE-3, to both MHC class I and MHC class II in a cognate manner. Specifically, the MAGE-3 gene was linked to a leader sequence at its NH2 terminus for secretion and to a cell-binding domain at its COOH terminus for receptor-mediated internalization. DCs transduced with the modified MAGE-3 gene produced and secreted MAGE-3 proteins, which were efficiently taken up by DCs via receptor-mediated internalization and presented as exogenous antigens to class I and class II molecules. Immunization of mice with the transduced DCs expressing the MAGE-3 fusion protein, termed "Retrogen" for its retrograde transport/internalization after secretion, efficiently induced all arms of the adaptive antitumor immune responses. Thus, this retrogen strategy of using a unifying mechanism for DCs to cross-present an intracellular tumor antigen in a cognate manner could be generally used to improve the efficacy of tumor vaccines and immunotherapies.
A practical approach to real-time neutral feature subtraction for facial expression recognition (2016)

Methods for automated facial expression recognition - identifying faces as happy, sad, angry, etc. - typically rely on the classification of features extracted from images. These features, designed to encode shape and texture information, depend on both (1) the expression an individual is making, and (2) the individual's physical characteristics and lighting conditions of the image. To reduce the effect of (2), a common strategy is to establish a "baseline" for an individual and subtract out this individual's baseline neutral feature. This extra neutral feature information often is not available - in particular for in-the-wild, real-time classification of a previously unseen subject. Thus, in order to implement "neutral subtraction," one must estimate the individual's neutral feature. Existing methods to do this are susceptible to class imbalance at test time (e.g., averaging over all facial features), require a more complex model specific to the individual to be trained, or are restricted to features computed entirely from tracked landmark points (taking advantage of a subset of "stable points" which move little as an individual emotes). We extend neutral subtraction to different computer vision feature spaces as a method to correct for inter-face and lighting variance. We further propose a simple, real-time method which is robust to class imbalance and in principal works over a wide class of feature choices. We test this method on feature extraction techniques that lead to high baseline accuracy without neutral subtraction (97% on the Extended Cohn-Kanade Dataset). We find that on difficult classification tasks our method recovers almost 2/3 of the ~ 8% gain shown by a "cheating" neutral-subtracted feature classifier, which uses examples that have been labeled as neutral, validating with both HOG and SIFT features.
Functional Analysis of B and T Lymphocyte Attenuator Engagement on CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells (2005)

T cell activation can be profoundly altered by coinhibitory and costimulatory molecules. B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is a recently identified inhibitory Ig superfamily cell surface protein found on lymphocytes and APC. In this study we analyze the effects of an agonistic anti-BTLA mAb, PK18, on TCR-mediated T cell activation. Unlike many other allele-specific anti-BTLA mAb we have generated, PK18 inhibits anti-CD3-mediated CD4+ T cell proliferation. This inhibition is not dependent on regulatory T cells, nor does the Ab induce apoptosis. Inhibition of T cell proliferation correlates with a profound reduction in IL-2 secretion, although this is not the sole cause of the block of cell proliferation. In contrast, PK18 has no effect on induction of the early activation marker CD69. PK18 also significantly inhibits, but does not ablate, IL-2 secretion in the presence of costimulation as well as reduces T cell proliferation under limiting conditions of activation in the presence of costimulation. Similarly, PK18 inhibits Ag-specific T cell responses in culture. Interestingly, PK18 is capable of delivering an inhibitory signal as late as 16 h after the initiation of T cell activation. CD8+ T cells are significantly less sensitive to the inhibitory effects of PK18. Overall, BTLA adds to the growing list of cell surface proteins that are potential targets to down-modulate T cell function.
Low-power MPEG2 encoder architecture for digital CMOS camera (2002)

A low-power, large-scale parallel MPEG2 encoder architecture for a single-chip digital CMOS video camera is discussed in this paper. This single-chip architecture includes a 640/spl times/480 array of CMOS photodiodes, each pixel with an 8-bit dynamic range per color plane, and embedded DRAM for storing 4 frames of data. The parallel processor architecture is designed to implement highly computationally intensive image and video processing tasks such as color conversion, DCT, and motion estimation for MPEG-2. When clocked at 40 MHz with two ALU pipeline stages, it delivers a processing performance of 1.6 billion operations per second (BOPS) and can support frame rates of up to 30 fps. The architecture is specifically designed for low power consumption. When implemented in a 0.2 micron CMOS technology at a 1.5 V supply voltage, it will consume 40 mW, thus providing a power efficiency of 40 BOPS/Watt.
Warum pentose‐und nicht hexose‐nucleinsäuren? Teil III. Oligo(2′,3′‐dideoxy‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl) nucleotide (‘homo‐DNS’): Paarungesigenschaften (1993)

Why Pentose‐And Not Hexose‐Nucleic Acids? Part III. Oligo(2′,3′‐dideoxy‐β‐ D ‐glucopyranosyl)nucleotides. (‘Homo‐DNA’): Base‐Pairing Properties Summary in collaboration with Prof. Dr. C. E. Wintner , Haverford College, Haverford, PA 19041‐1392. The paper presents results of a comprehensive investigation on the pairing properties of homo‐DNA oligonucleotides, the preparation of which has been described in Part II of this series [2]. The investigation was carried out by using established methods described in the literature for the characterization of oligonucleotides in the natural series, such as determination of melting temperatures of oligonucleotide duplexes by temperature‐dependent of melting temperatures, determination of pairing stoichiometry by ratio‐dependent UV spectroscopy of binary mixtures of pairing partners, temperature‐dependent CD spectroscopy, gel electrophoresis under non‐denaturing conditions, and – in selected cases – 1 H – and 31 P‐NMR spectroscopy. The systematic comparison of the paring properties of homo‐DNA oligonucleotides with corresponding DNA nucleotides (up to dodecamers) indicates that homo‐DNA is a highly efficient, autonomous, artificial pairing system with a pairing behavior that is in part similar to, but also, in part, strikingly different from, the pairing behavior of DNA. The pairing properties established so far are listed below in a manner that reflects the sequence of subtitles in Chapt.2 of the text; they were determined under the conditions: H 2 O, 0.15 M NaCl, 0.01 M Tris‐HCl buffer, pH 7, oligonucleotide concentrations in the μ M range, 1:1 ratio of single strands in the case of non‐selfcompementary sequences.
Apple, Acaricide Test, 1987 (1988)

Abstract Test materials were applied as dilute sprays to 23-yr-old apple trees planted 10 by 35 ft apart. A completely randomized design was used, with 4 replicates per treatment. Each replication consisted of 4 apple trees (one of each cultivar). Compounds were applied (to runoff) with an airblast sprayer on either 25 Apr or 19 Jun (as indicated). Mite populations were assessed by sampling 25 leaves, collected at chest height from the periphery of each tree; in the laboratory, mites were brushed from the leaves onto glass plates coated with Tween 20.
Comparative usefulness of C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (1997)

Simple comparisons between ESR and CRP suggest that both tests are similar, but partial correlation analysis indicates that part of the correlation between ESR and clinical variables comes from non-acute phase factors. These factors, in turn, are responsible for most of the discordance between ESR and CRP results. Thus, CRP appears to be the better test regarding measurement of the acute phase. Because ESR is sensitive to immunoglobulins and RF, it may measure general severity better than CRP, even though it is a poorer measure of inflammation. This perhaps accounts for the relative equivalence of the tests. The combination of ESR and CRP yields useful information that is often not apparent when only a single test is used.
Interface quality of high-pressure reactive sputtered and atomic layer deposited titanium oxide thin films on silicon (2005)

A comparison between interface quality of several temperatures thermal annealed HPRS TiO/sub 2/ films and 750 /spl deg/C annealed ALD TiO/sub 2/ films has been established. Our attention has been focused on the interfacial state and disordered induced gap state densities. From our results, HPRS films submitted to in situ 900 /spl deg/C thermal annealing in oxygen atmosphere exhibit the best characteristics, with D/sub it/ density being the lowest value measured in this work (5.6 /spl times/ 10/sup 11/ cm/sup -2/ eV/sup -1/), and undetectable conductance transients within our experimental limits.
Heterologous expression of the clostripain gene from Clostridium histolyticum in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis: maturation of the clostripain precursor is coupled with self-activation (1994)

Clostripain-specific antibodies were used to analyse the maturation of clostripain prepro-enzyme and core protein heterologously synthesized in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Core protein purified from E. coli cells harbouring plasmid pHM3-23 underwent calcium-dependent, self-triggered maturation. Concomitantly, the inactive form of the enzyme was converted into an active form, demonstrating the self-activation capacity of the clostripain core protein. As judged from Western blot analysis, the major portion of the protein in E. coli was degraded, presumably by the activated clostripain. The enzyme was not exported to the E. coli periplasm, either by use of the putative Clostridium histolyticum signal peptide or by use of the E. coli OmpA signal peptide. Therefore, the Gram-positive micro-organism B. subtilis was chosen as an alternative host for the expression of the prepro-enzyme and the core protein. BR 151 cells harbouring pHM7-10B secreted clostripain precursor to the growth medium and matured subsequently to the active enzyme. As only a small amount of activity was detected intracellularly, the putative C. histolyticum signal peptide was efficiently recognized by the B. subtilis secretion apparatus. Under optimized conditions, a level of 4500 U I-1 could be obtained in batch cultures.