gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The epidemiologic characteristics and clinical course of ophthalmopathy associated with autoimmune thyroid disease in Olmsted County, Minnesota. (1994)

Among incident cases of GO in Olmsted County, Minnesota: GO affected females six times more frequently than males (86% versus 14% of cases, respectively). The age-adjusted incidence rate was 16 cases per 100,000 population per year for females and 2.9 cases per 100,000 population for males. The peak incidence rates were bimodal, occurring in the age groups 40 to 44 years and 60 to 64 years in females and 45 to 49 years and 65 to 69 years in males. Among patients with GO, approximately 90% had Graves' hyperthyroidism, 1% had primary hypothyroidism, 3% had Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and 5% were euthyroid. Eyelid retraction was the most common ophthalmic feature of autoimmune thyroid disease, being present either unilaterally or bilaterally in more than 90% of patients at some point in their clinical course. Exophthalmos of one or both eyes affected approximately 60% of patients, restrictive extraocular myopathy was apparent in about 40% of patients, and optic nerve dysfunction occurred in either one or both eyes in 6% of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. Only 5% of patients had the complete constellation of classic findings: eyelid retraction, exophthalmos, optic nerve dysfunction, extraocular muscle involvement, and hyperthyroidism. Upper eyelid retraction, either unilateral or bilateral, was documented in approximately 75% of patients at the time of diagnosis of GO. Lid lag also was a frequent early sign, being present either unilaterally or bilaterally in 50% of patients at the initial examination. At the time of diagnosis of GO, the most frequent ocular symptom was pain or discomfort, which affected 30% of patients. Some degree of diplopia was noted by approximately 17% of patients, lacrimation or photophobia was present in about 15% to 20% of patients, and 7.5% of patients complained of blurred vision. Decreased vision attributable to optic neuropathy was present in less than 2% of eyes at the time of diagnosis of GO. Thyroid dermopathy and acropachy accompanied GO in approximately 4% and 1% of patients, respectively. Myasthenia gravis occurred in less than 1% of patients. Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis was documented in less than 4% of patients. The median age at the time of diagnosis of GO was 43 years (range, 8 to 88). Among patients with hyperthyroidism, 61% developed ophthalmopathy within 1 year of the onset of thyrotoxicosis. Symptoms and signs for which statistically significant changes occurred between the initial and final examinations included lacrimation, pain or ocular discomfort, photophobia, eyelid retraction, lid lag, eyelid fullness, conjunctival injection, chemosis, and exophthalmos.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Controlled PEGylation of Monodisperse Fe3O4 Nanoparticles for Reduced Non‐Specific Uptake by Macrophage Cells (2007)

A dopamine-PEG based ligand is synthesized and used to stabilize monodisperse 9 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles in physiological conditions and against non-specific uptake by macrophage cells. Such stable nanoparticles can be used to enhance the efficiency in target-specific drug delivery and to increase the signal-to-noise ratio in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2007/c1975_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
PDZ Domains and the Organization of Supramolecular Complexes (2001)

PDZ domains are modular protein interaction domains that bind in a sequence-specific fashion to short C-terminal peptides or internal peptides that fold in a beta-finger. The diversity of PDZ binding specificities can be explained by variable amino acids lining the peptide-binding groove of the PDZ domain. Abundantly represented in Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and mammalian genomes, PDZ domains are frequently found in multiple copies or are associated with other protein-binding motifs in multidomain scaffold proteins. PDZ-containing proteins are typically involved in the assembly of supramolecular complexes that perform localized signaling functions at particular subcellular locations. Organization around a PDZ-based scaffold allows the stable localization of interacting proteins and enhances the rate and fidelity of signal transduction within the complex. Some PDZ-containing proteins are more dynamically regulated in distribution and may also be involved in the trafficking of interacting proteins within the cell.
Satellite Technical and Operational Committee—Television (STOC—TV) Guidelines for Waveform Graticules (1976)

To Promote Standardized Methods of measurement and compatibility of results when waveform monitors are used at International Television Centers and other points along an International Television Connection, the Satellite Technical and Operational Committee—Television (STOC-TV) recommends that graticules for waveform measurements be in accordance with the guidelines contained in the present document.
[177Lu-DOTA0,Tyr3]octreotate for somatostatin receptor-targeted radionuclide therapy (2001)

Receptor-targeted scintigraphy using radiolabeled somatostatin analogs such as octreotate is being used with great success to demonstrate the in vivo presence of somatostatin receptors on various tumors. A new and promising application for these analogs is radionuclide therapy. Radionuclides suitable for this application include the Auger electron-emitter (111)In and the beta-emitters (90)Y (high energy) and (177)Lu (low energy). We investigated [DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]octreotate, labeled with the lanthanide (177)Lu, in biodistribution and radionuclide therapy experiments using male Lewis rats bearing the somatostatin receptor-positive rat CA20948 pancreatic tumor. Biodistribution studies in Lewis rats showed the highest uptake in the rat pancreatic CA20948 tumor and sst(2)-positive organs, which include the adrenals, pituitary and pancreas, of [(177)Lu-DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]octreotate in comparison with (88)Y- and (111)In-labeled analogs. Kidney uptake of [(177)Lu-DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]octreotate could be reduced by approximately 40% by co-injection of 400 mg/kg D-lysine. In radionuclide therapy studies, a 100% cure rate was achieved in the groups of rats bearing small (< or =1 cm(2)) CA20948 tumors after 2 doses of 277.5 MBq or after a single dose of 555 MBq [(177)Lu-DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]octreotate. A cure rate of 75% was achieved after a single administration of 277.5 MBq. In rats bearing larger (> or =1 cm(2)) tumors, 40% and 50% cure rates were achieved in the groups that received 1 or 2 277.5 MBq injections of [(177)Lu-DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]octreotate, respectively. After therapy with [(177)Lu-DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]octreotide in rats bearing small tumors, these data were 40% cure after 1 injection with 277.5 MBq and 60% cure after 2 repeated injections. In conclusion, [(177)Lu-DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]octreotate has demonstrated excellent results in radionuclide therapy studies in rats, especially in animals bearing smaller tumors. This candidate molecule shows great promise for radionuclide therapy in patients with sst(2)-expressing tumors.
Models for Bearing Damage Detection in Induction Motors Using Stator Current Monitoring (2008)

This paper describes a new analytical model for the influence of rolling-element bearing faults on induction motor stator current. Bearing problems are one major cause for drive failures. Their detection is possible by vibration monitoring of characteristic bearing frequencies. As it is possible to detect other machine faults by monitoring the stator current, a great interest exists in applying the same method for bearing fault detection. After a presentation of the existing fault model, a new detailed approach is proposed. It is based on the following two effects of a bearing fault: 1. the introduction of a particular radial rotor movement and 2. load torque variations caused by the bearing fault. The theoretical study results in new expressions for the stator current frequency content. Experimental tests with artificial and realistic bearing damage were conducted by measuring vibration, torque, and stator current. The obtained results by spectral analysis of the measured quantities validate the proposed theoretical approach.
A biosensor assay for studying ligand-membrane receptor interactions: Binding of antibodies and HIV-1 Env to chemokine receptors (2000)

The HIV envelope (Env) protein mediates entry into cells by binding CD4 and an appropriate coreceptor, which triggers structural changes in Env that lead to fusion between the viral and cellular membranes. The major HIV-1 coreceptors are the seven transmembrane domain chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4. The type of coreceptor used by a virus strain is an important determinant of viral tropism and pathogenesis, and virus-receptor interactions can be therapeutic targets. However, Envs from many virus strains interact with CXCR4 and CCR5 with low affinity such that direct study of this important interaction is difficult if not impossible using standard cell-surface binding techniques. We have developed an approach that makes it possible to study ligand binding to membrane proteins, including Env-coreceptor interactions, using an optical biosensor. CCR5, CXCR4, and other membrane proteins were incorporated into retrovirus particles, which were purified and attached to the biosensor surface. Binding of conformationally sensitive antibodies as well as Env to these receptors was readily detected. The equilibrium dissociation constant for the interaction between an Env derived from the prototype HIV-1 strain IIIB for CXCR4 was approximately 500 nM, explaining the difficulty in measuring this interaction using standard equilibrium binding techniques. Retroviral pseudotypes represent easily produced, stable, homogenous structures that can be used to present a wide array of single and multiple membrane-spanning proteins in a native lipid environment for biosensor studies, thus avoiding the need for detergent solubilization, purification, and reconstitution. The approach should have general applicability and can be used to correlate Env-receptor binding constants to viral tropism and pathogenesis.
The gene for stinging nettle lectin (Urtica dioica agglutinin) encodes both a lectin and a chitinase. (1992)

Chitin-binding proteins are present in a wide range of plant species, including both monocots and dicots, even though these plants contain no chitin. To investigate the relationship between in vitro antifungal and insecticidal activities of chitin-binding proteins and their unknown endogenous functions, the stinging nettle lectin (Urtica dioica agglutinin, UDA) cDNA was cloned using a synthetic gene as the probe. The nettle lectin cDNA clone contained an open reading frame encoding 374 amino acids. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed a 21-amino acid putative signal sequence and the 86 amino acids encoding the two chitin-binding domains of nettle lectin. These domains were fused to a 19-amino acid "spacer" domain and a 244-amino acid carboxyl extension with partial identity to a chitinase catalytic domain. The authenticity of the cDNA clone was confirmed by deduced amino acid sequence identity with sequence data obtained from tryptic digests, RNA gel blot, and polymerase chain reaction analyses. RNA gel blot analysis also showed the nettle lectin message was present primarily in rhizomes and inflorescence (with immature seeds) but not in leaves or stems. Chitinase enzymatic activity was found when the chitinase-like domain alone or the chitinase-like domain with the chitin-binding domains were expressed in Escherichia coli. This is the first example of a chitin-binding protein with both a duplication of the 43-amino acid chitin-binding domain and a fusion of the chitin-binding domains to a structurally unrelated domain, the chitinase domain.
Highly Selective Ruthenium Metathesis Catalysts for Ethenolysis (2011)

N-Aryl,N-alkyl N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ruthenium metathesis catalysts are highly selective toward the ethenolysis of methyl oleate, giving selectivity as high as 95% for the kinetic ethenolysis products over the thermodynamic self-metathesis products. The examples described herein represent some of the most selective NHC-based ruthenium catalysts for ethenolysis reactions to date. Furthermore, many of these catalysts show unusual preference and stability toward propagation as a methylidene species and provide good yields and turnover numbers at relatively low catalyst loading (<500 ppm). A catalyst comparison showed that ruthenium complexes bearing sterically hindered NHC substituents afforded greater selectivity and stability and exhibited longer catalyst lifetime during reactions. Comparative analysis of the catalyst preference for kinetic versus thermodynamic product formation was achieved via evaluation of their steady-state conversion in the cross-metathesis reaction of terminal olefins. These results coincided with the observed ethenolysis selectivities, in which the more selective catalysts reach a steady state characterized by lower conversion to cross-metathesis products compared to less selective catalysts, which show higher conversion to cross-metathesis products.
Engineering novel fluorescent proteins (2006)

Fluorescent proteins are intrinsically fluorescent, genetically encodable tags that can be expressed in many heterologous organisms. Originally cloned from jellyfish and corals, these proteins and their engineered derivatives have become ubiquitous tools in molecular and cell biology. While wild-type fluorescent proteins sometimes possess sufficiently beneficial properties to be used unmodified, many applications require improvements in brightness or photostability, reduction of oligomerization, or other specific properties that require additional engineering of the wild-type protein. This dissertation presents experiments drawn from the entire spectrum of fluorescent protein science, from the cloning of novel wild-type fluorescent proteins to the engineering of wavelength-shifted, photostable, and photoactivatable variants of existing fluorescent proteins. The previously engineered monomeric red fluorescent protein, mRFP1, was engineered through a combination of rational design and directed evolution into a set of monomeric fluorescent proteins spanning from yellow-green through far-red. Far- red fluorescent proteins were studied in further detail after the discovery that certain variants exhibited the novel property of reversible photoactivation. A systematic analysis of the photostability and spectral properties of the most commonly used fluorescent proteins led to greater insight into the best proteins to use for specific types of experiment. Novel screening methods were developed to select for highly photostable variants, resulting in the evolution of substantially more photostable red and orange monomers. Finally, novel fluorescent proteins were cloned from a cold-water anemone and a tropical large-polyp stony coral, providing additional insights into the evolution of color in wild-type fluorescent proteins. The central issue in all of these studies is the examination of the origin of the widely varied photophysical properties of these fluorescent proteins. In the course of this work, the relationship between chromophore chemistry and interaction with the protein scaffold and the photophysical properties of the fluorescent protein have been further elucidated, and several novel tools with wide applicability to cell and molecular biology research have been developed
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES OF BISCATIONIC, TRYPANOCIDAL 1‐BENZOFURAN COMPOUNDS (1983)

Abstract Synthesen zahlreicher Benzofuran‐Derivate, wie z.B. (II)‐(IX), (XI) und (XIII), Bis‐benzofuranyl‐ Verbindungen, wie (XII), sowie von Ethern wie (X) werden durchgeführt.
New macrocyclic aromatic systems related to porphins (1969)

M. J. Broadhurst, R. Grigg and A. W. Johnson, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1969, 23 DOI: 10.1039/C29690000023
Two protein tyrosine phosphatases, Ptp2 and Ptp3, modulate the subcellular localization of the Hog1 MAP kinase in yeast (2000)

The MAP kinase Hog1 transiently accumulates in the nucleus upon activation. Although Hog1 nuclear export correlates with its dephosphorylation, we find that dephosphorylation is not necessary for export. Unexpectedly, a strain lacking the nuclear protein tyrosine phosphatase, Ptp2, showed decreased Hog1 nuclear retention, while a strain lacking the cytoplasmic Ptp3 showed prolonged Hog1 nuclear accumulation, consistent with Ptp2 being a nuclear tether for Hog1 and Ptp3 being a cytoplasmic anchor. In support of this result PTP2 overexpression sequestered Hog1 in the nucleus while PTP3 overexpression restricted Hog1 to the cytoplasm. Thus, Ptp2 and Ptp3 regulate Hog1 localization by binding Hog1.
Rapid Antigen Tests for Diagnosis of Pandemic (Swine) Influenza A/H1N1 (2009)

We found that the sensitivities of 3 rapid influenza antigen tests for pandemic influenza A/H1N1 virus were low to moderate: BD Directigen EZ Flu A+B test (Becton Dickinson), 46.7%; BinaxNOW Influenza A&B (Inverness Medical), 38.3%; and QuickVue Influenza A+B Test (Quidel), 53.3%. A patient with influenza-like illness who has a negative rapid antigen test result should undergo further testing using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.
O EXAME DE ORDEM NO ORDENAMENTO JURÍDICO BRASILEIRO (2017)

Em nossa sociedade, diante da crescente busca governamental do acesso universal ao ensino superior, com a proliferação de instituições oferecedoras do curso de graduação em Direito e com a massiva reprovação dos seus bacharéis no Exame de Ordem, questiona-se, periodicamente, a necessidade e validade deste, pois, conforme afirmam os defensores do fim daquela avaliação, a própria IES tem a competência em afirmar que seu egresso está apto ao exercício profissional, ao expedir o devido diploma de conclusão de curso e que tal certame é contrário à liberdade profissional a todos concedida por nossa Lei Maior, não tendo a Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil qualquer atribuição de se verificar, preventivamente, se o candidato à advocacia detém a capacidade para seu exercício; porém, o Exame de Ordem tem como finalidade essencial a seleção dos candidatos aptos a serem advogados e a defesa da coletividade dos males irreversíveis provocados pelos maus profissionais.
Rotor Dynamics of Flywheel Energy Storage Systems (1991)

This paper deals with the dynamic analysis of the magnetic bearing stack system. The stack consists of a single flywheel supported by two magnetic bearings. To model the system, the dynamic equations of a magnetically suspended flywheel are derived. Next, the four control systems controlling the four degrees-of-freedom of the stack are incorporated into the model. The resulting dynamic equations are represented as first-order differential equations in a matrix form. A computer simulation program was then used to simulate the working of the magnetic bearing stack. Real time plots from the simulation are used to show the effect of dynamic coupling on torque response. Frequency response is used to determine the resonance frequencies of the stack system. It is found that system stability depends on flywheel speed. On the basis of the above results suggestions are made to improve stability and allow the stack to be spun beyond 60,000 rpm.
Automated Screening Method for Determining Optimum Preservative Systems for Personal and Home Care Products (1998)

abstract A procedure was designed to determine the minimum preservative level (MPL) for personal and home care products. A highly preserved sample and an unpreserved sample were combined at different concentrations within a 96-we 11 microtiter plate by using an autodilutor. A unique tip design made it possible to accurately deliver viscous test materials that cannot be dispensed using vacuumor fluid-filled systems. After inoculation, the sample was evaluated at a specified time interval for the presence of surviving bacteria, yeast, and mold. The lowest concentration of preservative with no microbial growth is the recommended level of preservative for the product. Because sample turbidity may interfere with determination of the endpoint, a colorimetric endpoint was used to indicate growth of microorganisms and to differentiate product from growth. The predicted levels were tested with a modified Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association method. The method successfully predicted effective preservative levels in many personal and home care products with a broad range of viscosities.
Ubiquitin Immunohistochemistry Suggests Classic Motor Neuron Disease, Motor Neuron Disease With Dementia, and Frontotemporal Dementia of the Motor Neuron Disease Type Represent a Clinicopathologic Spectrum (2005)

One of the characteristic pathologic changes in classic motor neuron disease (MND) is the presence of ubiquitin-immunoreactive (ub-ir) inclusions in the cytoplasm of lower motor neurons. In addition, cases of MND with dementia (MND-d) also have ub-ir neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions and dystrophic neurites in extramotor neocortex and hippocampus. Although this extramotor pathology is a highly sensitive marker for dementia in MND, similar changes are found in a subset of patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) with no motor symptoms (FTD-MND type). The purpose of this study is to more fully describe and compare the pattern of ub-ir pathology in these 3 conditions. We performed ubiquitin immunohistochemistry on postmortem tissue, representing a wide range of neuroanatomic structures, in cases of classic MND (n = 20), MND-d (n = 15), and FTD-MND type (n = 15). We found the variety of morphologies and the anatomic distribution of ub-ir pathology to be greater than previously documented. Moreover, the degree of overlap suggests that MND, MND-d, and FTD-MND type represent a spectrum of clinical disease with a common pathologic substrate. The only finding restricted to a specific subgroup of patients was the presence of ub-ir neuronal intranuclear inclusions in some cases of familial FTD.
Mechanism of Initiation in the Phillips Ethylene Polymerization Catalyst: Redox Processes Leading to the Active Site (2015)

The detailed mechanism by which ethylene polymerization is initiated by the inorganic Phillips catalyst (Cr/SiO2) without recourse to an alkylating cocatalyst remains one of the great unsolved mysteries of heterogeneous catalysis. Generation of the active catalyst starts with reduction of CrVI ions dispersed on silica. A lower oxidation state, generally accepted to be CrII, is required to activate ethylene to form an organoCr active site. In this work, a mesoporous, optically transparent monolith of CrVI/SiO2 was prepared using sol–gel chemistry in order to monitor the reduction process spectroscopically. Using in situ UV–vis spectroscopy, we observed a very clean, stepwise reduction by CO of CrVI first to CrIV, then to CrII. Both the intermediate and final states show XANES consistent with these oxidation state assignments, and aspects of their coordination environments were deduced from Raman and UV–vis spectroscopies. The intermediate CrIV sites are inactive toward ethylene at 80 °C. The CrII sites, which have long been postulated as the end point of CO reduction, were observed directly by high-frequency/high-field EPR spectroscopy. They react quantitatively with ethylene to generate the organoCrIII active sites, characterized by X-ray absorption and UV–vis spectroscopy, which initiate polymerization.