gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-1: Its Relevance to Rheumatoid Arthritis (1985)

For many years investigators have sought a ‘key’ mediator of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-an agent whose activities might explain the well-characterized chronic, destructive pathology of RA. Intcrlcukin-1 (IL-1) has been demonstrated to induce dcgradativc enzyme release from mesenchyma! cells that are present at sites of bony erosion The IL-1 released locally during the erosive process may also be responsible for increased hepatic production of acute phase proteins-levels of which have been correlated with progressive radiographic changes in RA If IL-1 docs mediate the pathogencsis of RA. the challenge to the pharmaceutical industry will be to provide agents thai inhibit those IL-1 effects involved in disease progression while allowing the many potentially beneficial actions of IL-1 to continue at a functional level.
Thick-film thermoelectric microgenerators based on nickel-, silver- and PdAg-based compositions (2007)

This paper presents fabrication and investigations of screen-printed thick-film thermocouples based on PdAg, Ag and Ni inks. The thermopiles optimal materials parameters were determined. Seebeck coefficient and electrical output power were measured with the help of self-made automatic measuring system. We received Seebeck coefficient larger than 20 muV/K and the output power on level of few muW/function for temperature difference of about 100 K. These results are much better than ones presented in previous authors' works and can be used for design and fabrication of 3D thick-film thermoelectric microgenerator.
Structure Activity Correlation for Diuretic Furosemide Congeners (1983)

The structure activity correlation of several groups of anthranilic acid derivatives was studied. 59 compounds, most of them possessing the anthranilic acid moiety, were synthesized and tested for diuretic and saluretic activities. Equations correlating the biological activities of these compounds with their physicochemical constants suggest positive dependence of the diuretic activity on log P (octanol:water partition coefficient). It is concluded that, within limits, the variation in biological activity is primarily governed by the lipophilicity of the molecule, and further increase in log P value will not enhance this activity.
The Use of Forward Error Correction (FEC) in Reliable Multicast (2002)

This memo describes the use of Forward Error Correction (FEC) codes to efficiently provide and/or augment reliability for one-to-many reliable data transport using IP multicast. One of the key properties of FEC codes in this context is the ability to use the same packets containing FEC data to simultaneously repair different packet loss patterns at multiple receivers. Different classes of FEC codes and some of their basic properties are described and terminology relevant to implementing FEC in a reliable multicast protocol is introduced. Examples are provided of possible abstract formats for packets carrying FEC.
Applanation tonometry for the evaluation of breast compressibility (1989)

Capsular contracture is the main problem following breast augmentation with silicone implants. Subjective assessment has been the predominant method for evaluating breast firmness hitherto, although several objective methods have been described. In this prospective study applanation tonometry was used on 76 women following augmentation mammaplasty. Breast firmness was measured five times during the first postoperative year. Approximation of the breast imprint area to an ellipse was shown to be accurate and to simplify the estimation of the applanation surface, which is proportional to breast compressibility. The results correlated well with the subjective assessments using the Breast Augmentation Classification (BAC). A classification based on applanation tonometry is presented.
Low-temperature nuclear magnetic resonance with a dc SQUID amplifier (1986)

We report the detection of nuclear magnetic resonance at 4 K and 1.9 MHz with a receiver based on a thin-film dc superconducting quantum interference device. The noise temperature of the spectrometer is 300 mK, limited by the second stage amplifier.
Studies on the transformation of unnatural steroids by micro-organisms. 14β-Hydroxylation of androstane derivative (1971)

Incubation of 5β,14β-androstane-3,17-dione with Cercosfiora melonas[Corynespora melonis (CKe) Lindau] afforded 3α 14β-dihydroxyandrostan-17-one, 3-hydroxy-3α,9α-oxido-5β-androstan-17-one, 3α,5β-di-hydroxyandrostan-17-one, and 3α-hydroxy-5β,14β-andro-stan-17-one
Osteoporosis. Current techniques and recent developments in quantitative bone densitometry. (1991)

Knowledge about the proper use and interpretation of bone densitometry studies and an understanding of appropriate medical interventions are not universal among physicians, nor are instrumentation and technical performance of bone density studies of uniformly high quality. Indeed, this deficiency of medical and technical expertise is the principal deterrent to widespread implementation of our recommended clinical applications at this time. Nonetheless, given the current impetus to disseminate information about osteoporosis, to make newer instrumentation more readily available, and to limit the cost of these techniques, we anticipate that our recommendations may soon become standard medical practice.
Genome-wide patterns of carbon and nitrogen regulation of gene expression validate the combined carbon and nitrogen (CN)-signaling hypothesis in plants (2004)

This study has allowed us to identify genes and processes regulated by interactions between carbon and nitrogen signaling and take a first step in uncovering how carbon- and nitrogen-signaling pathways interact to regulate transcription.
Pediatric Hospitalizations for Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis): Biennial Increases Associated with Human Parainfluenza Virus 1 Epidemics (1997)

Croup is a common manifestation of respiratory tract infection in children, and human parainfluenza virus 1 (HPIV-1) is the agent most commonly associated with croup. In the United States, HPIV-1 produces a distinctive pattern of biennial epidemics of respiratory illness during the autumn months of odd-numbered years. National Hospital Discharge Survey data for croup hospitalizations among patients <15 years old between 1979 and 1993 were examined along with laboratory-based surveillance data on HPIV-1 activity in the United States. The mean annual number of croup hospitalizations was 41,000 (range, 27,000-62,000/year). Ninety-one percent of hospitalizations occurred among children <5 years of age. Minor peaks in croup hospitalizations occurred each year in February, and major peaks occurred in October of odd-numbered years, coincident with peak HPIV-1 activity. Each biennial epidemic of HPIV-1 was associated with 18,000 excess croup hospitalizations nationwide.
Use of thin AlGaAs and InGaAs stop-etch layers for reactive ion etch processing of III-V compound semiconductor devices (1987)

Reactive ion etching is important for III-V device fabrication. Commonly encountered applications include the need to remove an epitaxial layer selectively from underlying layers and the need for definition of mesas and other structures with carefully controlled dimensions. We present results showing the use of very thin Al0.9Ga0.1As and In0.2Ga0.8As stop-etch layers, which when used in conjunction with a particular etch chemistry can provide highly selective removal of epitaxial layers in GaAs-based III-V compound semiconductors. In addition, we report the selective removal of an Al0.3Ga0.7As layer from underlying GaAs by the use of a thin In0.2Ga0.8As interlayer.
An architecture for managing QoS-enabled VPNs over the Internet (2003)

This paper describes an architecture for the management of QoS-enabled virtual private networks (VPNs) over the Internet. The architecture focuses on two important issues of VPNs: security and quality-of-service (QoS). The security achieved in VPNs is based on IPSec tunnels, while QoS can be supported by mechanisms as proposed by the differentiated services currently being defined by the IETF. We describe an architecture that is based on the concept of service brokers. These service brokers are used for communication between different domains (such as ISP and customer networks) as well as within domains. The architecture described in the paper is currently being implemented as part of the CATI project funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF).
Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease (2002)

Gene therapy refers to the transfer of specific genes to the host tissue to intervene in a disease process, with resultant alleviation of the symptoms of a particular disease. Cardiovascular gene transfer is not only a powerful technique for studying the function of specific genes in cardiovascular biology and pathobiology, but also a novel and promising strategy for treating cardiovascular diseases. Since the mid-1990s, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine, has received considerable attention as a potential candidate for cardiovascular gene therapy, because NO exerts critical and diverse functions in the cardiovascular system, and abnormalities in NO biology are apparent in a number of cardiovascular disease processes including cerebral vasospasm, atherosclerosis, postangioplasty restenosis, transplant vasculopathy, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, impotence and delayed wound healing. There are three NOS isoforms, i.e., endothelial (eNOS), neuronal (nNOS) and inducible (iNOS). All three NOS isoforms have been used in cardiovascular gene transfer studies with encouraging results. This review will discuss the rationale of NOS gene therapy in different cardiovascular disease settings and summarize the results of experimental NOS gene therapy from various animal models of cardiovascular disease to date.
GaAs-based heterojunction p-i-n photodetectors using pentanary InGaAsNSb as the intrinsic layer (2005)

GaAs-based double-heterojunction p-i-n photodetectors using In/sub z/Ga/sub 1-z/As/sub 1-x-y/N/sub x/Sb/sub y/ in the i layer is fabricated for the first time using the solid source molecular beam epitaxy growth method. The surfactant effect generated by the presence of Sb in this material allows thick high-quality dilute nitride material growth. A peak responsivity of /spl sim/0.29 A/W, corresponding to quantum efficiencies of 38% is attained between 0.9 and 1.1 μm from the best p-i-n device. The cutoff wavelength reaches /spl sim/1.4 μm and the dark current is /spl sim/0.43 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at a reverse bias of 2 V. A Sb-free p-i-n device consisting of InGaAsN-GaAs is also fabricated to compare the device performance with the InGaAsNSb-GaAs p-i-n devices.
Correction of the genetic defect in hepatocytes from the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit. (1988)

Familial hypercholesterolemia is an inherited disease in humans that is caused by a defect in the receptor for low density lipoproteins (LDLR). The existence of an animal model for this disease, the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbit, makes it an attractive candidate for developing new therapies that involve gene transfer into liver. As a first step toward the development of these therapies, we report the use of retrovirus-mediated gene transfer to correct the genetic defect in hepatocytes isolated from WHHL rabbits. A series of retroviral vectors that express the gene for human LDLR were constructed, each differing in the transcriptional elements used to drive LDLR expression. Helper-free amphotropic virus stocks representing each construct were then used to infect primary cultures of hepatocytes that were isolated from newborn WHHL rabbits. The efficiency of transduction, as measured by Southern analysis of integrated proviral sequences, ranged from 20% to 100%. Expression of human LDLR was analyzed by blot hybridization analysis of total cellular RNA and by biochemical and in situ analyses of transduced cultures for receptor function. The vector in which the expression of LDLR was driven by the viral long terminal repeat sequence produced the greatest quantity of LDLR RNA and protein in WHHL hepatocytes; LDLR activity approached normal levels in these cultures.
Sequence and Expression Analysis of virB9 of the Type IV Secretion System of Ehrlichia canis Strains in Ticks, Dogs, and Cultured Cells (2003)

Ehrlichia canis virB9 was cloned and expressed. The sequences of virB9 from six geographic locations were identical. virB9 was transcribed by E. canis in dogs, ticks, and cell culture. Infected dogs had antibodies to recombinant VirB9, indicating that VirB9 was produced by E. canis in dogs and was antigenic.
Lymphatic Transport of Halofantrine in the Triple-Cannulated Anesthetized Rat Model: Effect of Lipid Vehicle Dispersion (1996)

Halofantrine hydrochloride is an important, highly lipophilic anti-malarial agent. A triple-cannulated anesthetized rat model was used to investigate the potential lymphatic transport of halofantrine (Hf). The effect of formulating Hf in vehicles representative of different physical (digestion) states of triglyceride lipid was also evaluated. The lipid vehicles were either a lipid solution, emulsion, or micellar system comprised of 50 microL of a 2:1 molar ratio of oleic acid:glycerol monooleate containing 2 mg of Hf free base. Lymph was collected from the mesenteric lymph duct, and blood was sampled from the jugular vein following intraduodenal infusion of the different formulations. Lymphatic transport was a major contributor to bioavailability as demonstrated by the recovery of up to approximately 20% of the administered dose in the intestinal lymph. The rank order effect of the vehicles for the promotion of lymphatic transport was micellar > emulsion > lipid solution. Lymphatic drug transport was predominantly associated with chylomicron-based transport. The extent of Hf absorption via the portal blood, estimated from the systemic plasma profiles in the lymph-cannulated rats, was largely independent of the administered formulations. These data indicate that lymphatic transport of the free base of Hf is a major contributor to oral bioavailability when formulated in appropriate lipid vehicles. The data suggest that formulation as increasingly disperse systems facilitates transport in this animal model.
68‐4: Top‐emission OLED Kawara‐type Multidisplay with Auxiliary Electrode (2018)

We have developed a top‐emission organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) Kawara‐type multidisplay with a novel auxiliary electrode. With this device, while the contact portion of the auxiliary electrode is developed in the display region, a high aperture ratio can be achieved. This technique can be utilized in any top‐emission OLED display.
Cloning of a Third Mammalian Na+-Ca2+ Exchanger, NCX3 (1996)

NCX3 is the third isoform of a mammalian Na+-Ca2+ exchanger to be cloned. NCX3 was identified from rat brain cDNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using degenerate primers derived from the sequences of two conserved regions of NCX1 and NCX2. The NCX3 PCR product was used to isolate two overlapping clones totalling 4.8 kilobases (kb) from a rat brain cDNA library. The overlapping clones were sequenced and joined at a unique Bsp106I restriction enzyme site to form a full-length cDNA clone. The NCX3 cDNA clone has an open reading frame of 2.8 kb encoding a protein of 927 amino acids. At the amino acid level, NCX3 shares 73% identity with NCX1 and 75% identity with NCX2 and is predicted to share the same membrane topology as NCX1 and NCX2. Following addition of a poly(A)+ tail to the NCX3 clone, exchanger activity could be expressed in Xenopus oocytes. NCX3 was also expressed in the mammalian BHK cell line. NCX3 transcripts are 6 kb in size and are highly restricted to brain and skeletal muscle. Linkage analysis in the mouse indicated that the NCX family of genes is dispersed, since the NCX1, NCX2, and NCX3 genes mapped to mouse chromosomes 17, 7, and 12, respectively.
Sequence and structural requirements for high-affinity DNA binding by the WT1 gene product (1995)

The Wilms' tumor suppressor gene, WT1, encodes a zinc finger polypeptide which plays a key role regulating cell growth and differentiation in the urogenital system. Using the whole-genome PCR approach, we searched murine genomic DNA for high-affinity WT1 binding sites and identified a 10-bp motif 5'GCGTGGGAGT3' which we term WTE). The WTE motif is similar to the consensus binding sequence 5'GCG(G/T)GGGCG3' recognized by EGR-1 and is also suggested to function as a binding site for WT1, setting up a competitive regulatory loop. To evaluate the underlying biochemical basis for such competition, we compared the binding affinities of WT1 and EGR1 for both sequences. WT1 shows a 20- to 30-fold-higher affinity for the WTE sequence compared with that of the EGR-1 binding motif. Mutational analysis of the WTE motif revealed a significant contribution to binding affinity by the adenine nucleotide at the eighth position (5'GCGTGGGAGT3') as well as by the 3'-most thymine (5'GCGTGGGAGT3'), whereas mutations in either flanking nucleotides or other nucleotides in the core sequence did not significantly affect the specific binding affinity. Mutations within WT1 zinc fingers II to IV abolished the sequence-specific binding of WT1 to WTE, whereas alterations within the first WT1 zinc finger reduced the binding affinity approximately 10-fold but did not abolish sequence recognition. We have thus identified a WT1 target, which, although similar in sequence to the EGR-1 motif, shows a 20- to 30-fold-higher affinity for WT1. These results suggest that physiological action of WT1 is mediated by binding sites of significantly higher affinity than the 9-bp EGR-1 binding motif. The role of the thymine base in contributing to binding affinity is discussed in the context of recent structural analysis.
Purification, Cloning and Functional Characterization of an Endogenous beta-Glucuronidase in Arabidopsis thaliana (2008)

Beta-glucuronidase (GUS) activities have been extensively characterized in bacteria, fungi, and animals, and the bacterial enzyme GUSA from Escherichia coli is commonly used as a reporter for gene expression studies in plants. Although endogenous GUS activity has been observed in plants, the nature and function of the enzymes involved remain elusive. Here we report on tissue-specific localization, partial purification and identification of AtGUS2, a GUS active under acidic conditions from Arabidopsis thaliana. This enzyme belongs to the GH79 family in the Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes database, which also includes mammalian heparanases that degrade the carbohydrate moieties of cell surface proteoglycans, and fungal enzymes active on arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). We characterized a knockout insertion line (atgus2-1) and transgenic lines overexpressing AtGUS2 (Pro(35S):AtGUS2). Endogenous GUS activity assayed histochemically and biochemically was absent in atgus2-1 tissues and four times higher in Pro(35S):AtGUS2 lines. AGPs purified from atgus2-1 and Pro(35S):AtGUS2 seedlings showed higher and markedly lower glucuronic acid content, respectively. Our results suggest that endogenous GUS activity influences the sugar composition of the complex polysaccharide chains of AGPs. We also show that transgenics display hypocotyl and root growth defects compared to wild-type plants. Hypocotyl and root lengths are increased in Pro(35S):AtGUS2 seedlings, whereas hypocoyl length is reduced in atgus2-1 seedlings. These data are consistent with a role for the carbohydrate moieties of AGPs in cell growth.
Organic electroluminescent derivatives containing dibenzothiophene and diarylamine segments (2005)

A new series of 2,8-disubstituted dibenzothiophenes have been successfully synthesized via palladium-catalyzed C–N or C–C bond formation using 2,8-dibromodibenzothiophene and diarylamines as starting materials. These new dibenzothiophene derivatives are amorphous with a glass transition temperature ranging from 86 to 190 °C. Furthermore, they are fluorescent in the blue to bluish green region. Two types of light-emitting diodes (LED) were constructed from these compounds, (I) ITO/Cpd/TPBI/LiF/Al and (II) ITO/Cpd/Alq3/LiF/Al, where TPBI and Alq3 are 1,3,5-tris(N-phenylbenzimidazol-2-yl)benzene and tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminium, respectively. In type I devices, the compounds function as the hole-transporting and emitting material. In type II devices, emission from Alq3 is observed. Several type I devices emit pure blue light, and most of the devices II have very promising performance. The relation between the energy levels of the materials and the performance of the light-emitting diodes is discussed.
Successful Implementation of a Long-term Care Unit for Patients With Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome in an Underserved Suburban Area With a High Incidence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (1992)

Long-term care for patients with human immunodeficiency virus in an existing nursing home facility is an achievable goal.
Joint channel estimation and prediction for OFDM systems (2005)

Adaptive OFDM improves the system throughput by adjusting transmission parameters based on channel state information (CSI) estimated at or received by the transmitter. The improvement, however, is conditioned on the quality of the CSI, which can be compromised by estimation and quantization errors, and more significantly by delay. Channel prediction has been previously proposed to combat feedback delay. In this paper, a novel OFDM channel prediction algorithm that uses a 2 times 1-dimensional frequency estimation to determine the time-delays and Doppler frequencies of each propagation path is investigated. The algorithm assumes a general far-field scatterer, frequency-selective wireless channel model and hence is applicable to a wide variety of wireless channel conditions. It is shown that the method requires less feedback information and has better mean-squared error performance than previous methods. We provide simulation results for IEEE 802.16e channels
Functional profiling of the gut microbiome in disease-associated inflammation (2013)

The microbial residents of the human gut are a major factor in the development and lifelong maintenance of health. The gut microbiota differs to a large degree from person to person and has an important influence on health and disease due to its interaction with the human immune system. Its overall composition and microbial ecology have been implicated in many autoimmune diseases, and it represents a particularly important area for translational research as a new target for diagnostics and therapeutics in complex inflammatory conditions. Determining the biomolecular mechanisms by which altered microbial communities contribute to human disease will be an important outcome of current functional studies of the human microbiome. In this review, we discuss functional profiling of the human microbiome using metagenomic and metatranscriptomic approaches, focusing on the implications for inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Common themes in gut microbial ecology have emerged among these diverse diseases, but they have not yet been linked to targetable mechanisms such as microbial gene and genome composition, pathway and transcript activity, and metabolism. Combining these microbial activities with host gene, transcript and metabolic information will be necessary to understand how and why these complex interacting systems are altered in disease-associated inflammation.