gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Full Physical Preparation of Size-Selected Gold Nanoparticles in Solution:  Laser Ablation and Laser-Induced Size Control (2002)

Colloidal gold nanoparticles with a broad size distribution were prepared by laser ablation of a gold metal plate in an aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and were fragmented under irradiation of a 532 nm laser at different SDS concentrations and laser fluences. Gold nanoparticles with a desired average size (1.7−5.5 nm in diameter) were prepared by tuning properly the surfactant concentration and the laser fluence. The concentration of SDS was found to be higher than a critical micelle concentration so as to gain a significant size reduction and to obtain stable final products. Laser ablation in combination with the laser-induced size control provides a versatile full physical preparation method of size-selected gold nanoparticles.
Noxa Up-regulation and Mcl-1 Cleavage Are Associated to Apoptosis Induction by Bortezomib in Multiple Myeloma (2007)

Targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway has emerged as a potent anticancer strategy. Bortezomib, a specific proteasome inhibitor, has been approved for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma cell survival is highly dependent on Mcl-1 antiapoptotic molecules. In a recent study, proteasome inhibitors induced Mcl-1 accumulation that slowed down their proapoptotic effects. Consequently, we investigated the role of Bcl-2 family members in bortezomib-induced apoptosis. We found that bortezomib induced apoptosis in five of seven human myeloma cell lines (HMCL). Bortezomib-induced apoptosis was associated with Mcl-1 cleavage regardless of Mcl-1L accumulation. Furthermore, RNA interference mediated Mcl-1 decrease and sensitized RPMI-8226 HMCL to bortezomib, highlighting the contribution of Mcl-1 in bortezomib-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, an important induction of Noxa was found in all sensitive HMCL both at protein and mRNA level. Concomitant to Mcl-1 cleavage and Noxa induction, we also found caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 activation. Under bortezomib treatment, Mcl-1L/Noxa complexes were highly increased, Mcl-1/Bak complexes were disrupted, and there was an accumulation of free Noxa. Finally, we observed a dissociation of Mcl-1/Bim complexes that may be due to a displacement of Bim induced by Noxa. Thus, in myeloma cells, the mechanistic basis for bortezomib sensitivity can be explained mainly by the model in which the sensitizer Noxa can displace Bim, a BH3-only activator, from Mcl-1, thus leading to Bax/Bak activation.
Inhibition of angiogenesis by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3. (1997)

TIMP-3 has the potential to inhibit angiogenesis. These results allow us to speculate on a possible mechanism by which mutant TIMP-3 protein might contribute to the Sorsby fundus dystrophy phenotype.
Next Generation CDN Services for Community Networks (2009)

Technological developments of the last few years have favoured the creation of distributed networking infrastructures (usually referred to as community networks) where the resources are made available to the members of a community of people. With emerging large-scale community infrastructures the opportunities for new commercial services and for innovative business models are becoming feasible. Since one of the most resource-demanding services today is access to user-generated content through the Web, suitable content delivery services are needed in the context of community networks in orders to make an effective usage of shared resources. In this paper we describe two architectures we have designed to provide optimized delivery of multimedia Web content (e.g. video but also other kinds of user generated content) within community networks. Both architectures work without any kind of cooperation from the original content providers but assume that a basic Web caching service is provided within the network, either by commercial service providers or by the community members themselves. While the first architecture relies on a traditional centralized control entity, the second is designed according to the peer-to-peer paradigm, in order to provide better scalability, robustness to failures and self-configurability. Experimental results are also presented aimed at evaluating the performance gains for end-users from a localized distribution of content in scenarios in which community members are distributed in clusters sparse at different geographic locations.
Genetic Linkage Evidence for a Familial Alzheimer's Disease Locus on Chromosome 14 (1992)

Linkage analysis was used to search the genome for chromosomal regions harboring familial Alzheimer's disease genes. Markers on chromosome 14 gave highly significant positive lod scores in early-onset non-Volga German kindreds; a Zmax of 9.15 (theta = 0.01) was obtained with the marker D14S43 at 14q24.3. One early-onset family yielded a lod score of 4.89 (theta = 0.0). When no assumptions were made about age-dependent penetrance, significant results were still obtained (Zmax = 5.94, theta = 0.0), despite the loss of power to detect linkage under these conditions. Results for the Volga German families were either negative or nonsignificant for markers in this region. Thus, evidence indicates a familial Alzheimer's disease locus on chromosome 14.
Inkjetted crystalline single monolayer oligothiophene OTFTs (2006)

Crystalline monolayer films of a novel organic semiconducting material were deposited as the active layer for organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) via inkjet printing. Devices exhibited field-effect mobilities up to 0.07 cm/sup 2//V/spl middot/s and on/off ratios >10/sup 8/, surpassing values measured for devices cast with thicker films of the same material. The printed monolayer devices exhibited superior subthreshold characteristics with less hysteresis, and defect and trap densities are improved over thicker film analogs. These results show that solution deposition techniques such as inkjet printing can result in the monolayer crystalline thin films that are requisite for near-ideal electrostatics in OTFTs.
Bioinformatic identification and characterization of human endothelial cell-restricted genes (2010)

The study provides an initial catalogue of EC-restricted genes most of which are ubiquitously expressed in different endothelial cells.
Bitumen–Toluene Mutual Diffusion Coefficients Using Microfluidics (2013)

In this paper, we present a microfluidic approach to measure liquid solvent diffusivity in Athabasca bitumen. The method has three distinguishing features: (a) a sharp initial condition enabled by the high wettability of the solvent; (b) one-dimensional diffusive transport (in the absence of convection) ensured by microscale confinement; and (c) visible-light-based measurement enabled by the partial transparency of the bitumen at small scales. The method is applied to measure the diffusion of toluene into bitumen by imaging transmitted light profiles over time, and relating intensities to the mass fractions. Plotting toluene mass fraction versus distance/sqrt(time), results in a tight superposition of all curves (time-dependent mass fractions) demonstrating the diffusion dominated nature of the system and the robustness of the method. The diffusion transport equations were solved and fit to a constant diffusion coefficient as well as a variety of concentration-dependent diffusion coefficient relations found in the literature. For intermediate toluene mass fractions (0.2–0.8), a constant diffusion coefficient of 2.0 × 10–10 m2/s provides an appropriate representation. However, at low toluene mass fractions (<0.2), significantly reduced diffusive transport is observed, and endpoint analysis indicates diffusion coefficients trending toward 4.3 × 10–11 m2/s. At high toluene mass fractions (>0.8), the values trend toward 1.5 × 10–10 m2/s. This microfluidic method provides an inexpensive and rapid mutual diffusion coefficient evaluation, with significantly improved spatial/composition resolution vis-à-vis competing measurement methods.
Airway gene expression in COPD is dynamic with inhaled corticosteroid treatment and reflects biological pathways associated with disease activity (2013)

The present study suggests that gene expression in biological pathways of COPD is dynamic with treatment and reflects disease activity. This study opens the gate to targeted and molecular phenotype-driven therapy of COPD.
Long-Term Survival in a Rodent Model of Disseminated Brain Tumors by Combined Intrathecal Delivery of Herpes Vectors and Ganciclovir Treatment (1996)

Brain tumors that have disseminated into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathways are an unresolved therapeutic problem, especially in pediatric neurooncology. Here a gene therapy approach using the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV-TK)/ganciclovir (GCV) paradigm was tested using an HSV vector in a rodent model of disseminated central nervous system tumors. 9L-gliosarcoma cells were implanted simultaneously into the brain and the CSF of syngeneic rats. Five days later, resulting intracerebral and leptomeningeal tumors were treated by intrathecal injection of a replication-conditional HSV vector. This vector was defective for the ribonucleotide reductase gene, but contained an intact HSV-tk gene. Systemic GCV treatment was started 2 days after vector application and continued for 14 days. Tumor-free, long-term survival (LTS) was achieved in 90% of the animals treated with this combined therapeutic approach, whereas only 30% LTS was found in animals that had received the vector alone and 10% LTS in untreated animals. This therapeutic response probably involves oncolytic, on-site replication of the vector, activation of GCV by a HSV-TK, and a strong immune response both to the vector and to 9L cells. Apparent vector-related mortality was observed in 20% of animals without subsequent GCV therapy, but no vector-related mortality was found when the animals were treated with GCV after vector application. Given the successful outcome of this experimental treatment and the apparent potential of GCV to control HSV-related toxicity, intrathecal application of HSV vectors combined with GCV treatment may be a promising approach for treatment of disseminated brain tumors.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐ALKYLATED 2‐AMINOTETRALINS: CENTRAL DOPAMINE‐RECEPTOR STIMULATING ACTIVITY (1980)

Abstract Das Methoxytetralon (I) führt über das Enamin (II) zum Amin (III) oder über die Amine (IV) und Amide (V) zu den 2‐Amino‐tetralinen (VI), von denen (IV) direkt durch Reduktion in Gegenwart von Carbonsäuren in (VI) übergefuhrt werden kann.
Expression of RANTES mRNA and Protein in Airways of Patients With Mild Asthma (1996)

Chemoattractant cytokines (chemokines) such as RANTES, are potent chemoattractants for eosinophils, T lymphocytes, and monocyte/macrophages. We examined RANTES mRNA and protein expression in bronchial biopsies and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells from patients with mild asthma on beta 2-adrenergic agonist therapy only. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), mean RANTES starting cDNA was 110 +/- 18 fg/pg beta-actin in asthmatics compared with 33.7 +/- 11.0 fg/pg in normals (p < 0.003) but there was no significant difference in RANTES mRNA expression in BAL cells between the two groups. Immunohistochemical staining of cryostat sections of bronchial biopsies with an anti-RANTES antibody using peroxidase antiperoxidase method revealed constitutive staining in airway epithelial cells, airway smooth muscle, and subepithelial cells. However, there was no difference in the number of RANTES-staining cells between normal subjects and asthmatics despite significantly increased numbers of CD4+ T-cells, CD68+ macrophages, and MBP+ eosinophils in mucosal biopsies obtained from asthmatics. Double-staining revealed expression of RANTES in a proportion of CD3+ T lymphocytes. Thus, RANTES is constitutively expressed in the airways and RANTES mRNA is elevated in airways of patients with mild asthma, supporting a role for RANTES in normal and asthmatic airways.
A new driving scheme for reflective bistable cholesteric liquid crystal displays (1997)

We investigate a new scheme for driving reflective bistable cholesteric displays. It relies on fast switching from the planar to the focal conic state. We show that 1 ms per line scanning speed is possible using conventional passive matrix drivers. In addition, there is no optical delay in the switching process.
A “Novel” Protocol for the Analysis of Hydroxycinnamic Acids in Leaf Tissue of Chicory (Cichorium intybusL., Asteraceae) (2012)

A "novel" protocol is presented for easy and reliable estimation of soluble hydroxycinnamate levels in Cichorium intybus L. leaf tissue in large-scale experiments. Samples were standardized by punching 6 discs per leaf, and hydroxycinnamates were extracted by submerging the discs in 80% ethanol with 5% acetic acid for at least 48 h in the darkness at 4°C. Residual dry mass of the discs was used for a posteriori correction of compound levels. Chlorophyll was eliminated by chloroform, and the aqueous phases were transferred to microplates, dried, and dissolved in 50% methanol for HPLC analysis and storage. An HPLC program of 8 min was developed for the analysis of the extracts. Comparisons with extractions of liquid nitrogen powders indicated that the novel extraction method was reliable. No degradation of the major hydroxycinnamates-caftaric, chlorogenic, and chicoric acids-was observed, during maceration at ambient temperatures, or after storage for 1 year.
Protein Tyrosine Phosphorylation in Sperm During Gamete Interaction in the Mouse: The Influence of Glucose1 (2001)

A key intracellular event during capacitation is protein tyrosine phosphorylation, but its involvement during sperm interaction with the oocyte has not been investigated. Glucose is necessary to achieve fertilization and thus may have an influence on sperm protein tyrosine phosphorylation. The objectives of this study were to 1) visualize protein tyrosine phosphorylation patterns in sperm during capacitation and interaction with the oocyte and 2) determine the influence of glucose. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation was investigated by Western analysis and immunofluorescence. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation was increased during capacitation, and immunofluorescence revealed that zona binding and gamete fusion were correlated with an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins in the midpiece. During capacitation, the absence of glucose led to a delay in the appearance of protein tyrosine phosphorylation. Following binding to the zona pellucida and the oolemma, tyrosine phosphorylation in the flagellum was also delayed in the absence of glucose and resulted in a significant inhibition of the midpiece phosphorylation. The correlation between successful gamete fusion and the tyrosine phosphorylation of midpiece proteins suggests that the effect of glucose on sperm-oocyte interaction is mediated through regulation of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in a specific area of the fertilizing sperm.
슬관절 전치환술 후 발생한 대퇴골 골절의 치료 (2003)

목적 : 슬관절 전치환술 후 발생한 대퇴골 골절 치료의 결과를 분석하고 수술적 치료 방법 결정에 고려해야 할 요소들에 대해 논하고자 하였다.
대상 및 방법 : 1993년 8월부터 2001년 3월까지 서울성심병원 정형외과에서 슬관절 전치환술을 시행한 환자 중 대퇴골 골절이 발생한 환자 11예를 대상으로 하였다. 치료방법으로는 1예에서만 석고고정을 시행하였고 나머지 10예에서는 수술적 치료를 시행하였다. t술적 치료에 시행한 예에서는 골절위치, 전이 및 분쇄정도와 환자의 내과적 무제 및 전신상태를 고려하여 내 고정물을 선택하였다. 이들 11예를 대상으로 골절 전과 최종 추시시의 방사선 소견상 경골-대퇴각, 관절 운동 범위 및 Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS)의 점수를 비교 분석하였다.
결과 : 대퇴골 골절의 발생 빈도는 총764명, 1133슬관절 중 11예에서 인공 삽입물 주위의 대퇴골 골절이 발생하여 0.9%의 발생빈도를 보였다. 수술적 치료를 한 10예 중 간부까지 골절되면서 전위가 심하지만 골다공증이 없고 전신상태가 양호한 4예에 대해서는 역동성 금속판 및 나사못 고정술을 시행하였고, 골절이 과상부 부위에 위치하고 분쇄가 심하며 고령이면서 내과적으로 심, 폐부전을 동반한 3예에 대해서는 Ender정 삽입술을 시행하였으며, 2예에 대해서는 골절부 분쇄와 전이가 심하지 않았기 때문에 역행적 교합성 골수강내 정삽입술을 시행하였다. 골경과 심, 폐부전을 동반한 약간의 전위와 비분쇄 골절인 1예에서는 도수정복에 실패하여 관혈적 정복 후 1개의 해면 나사못 고정술을 시행하였다. 평균 추시 기간은 19개월이었고 방사선 소견상 경골-대퇴각은 골절전 평균 외반 6.2도였고 최종 추시시 외반 8.2도였으며, 관절 운동 범위는 골절 전 평균 109도, 최종 추시시 98도였으며 HSS 점수는 골절 전 평균 84점, 최종 추시시 78점이었다.
결론 : 슬관절 전치환술 후 발생한 대퇴골 골절의 치료에 있어서 좋은 결과를 얻기 위해서는 골절의 형태에 따른 치료 방법과 수술시 내 고정물의 선택이 적절하여야 하며, 환자의 내과적 문제 및 전신 상태도 충분히 고려되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.
PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS (PA): A CLINICAL, IMMUNOLOGICAL AND RADIOLOGICAL STUDY OF 180 PATIENTS (1991)

We carried out a prospective study of the clinical, laboratory and radiological features of 180 patients with psoriatic arthritis. We initially classified our patients into five groups as described in the publications of Moll and Wright. Thirty-seven per cent had oligoarthritis, 36% polyarthritis, 23% spondarthritis (sacroiliitis and/or spondylitis) and 4% had the mutilans form. The distal joint arthritis type did not exist as an entity and the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints were affected in all groups. The spondarthritis form includes patients with exclusively axial manifestations and also those who in addition have peripheral arthritis (oligoarthritis, polyarthritis, DIP arthritis). Only 53% of our patients had nail involvement. We found an increase of IgA levels in patients with axial disease. This suggests a relationship between ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic spondylitis. The HLA-B17/Cw6 association increased in the oligoarticular form. The increase of antigen B17 correlated with the spondarthritic and oligoarthritis forms whereas Cw6 was more important in the oligoarthritis form. An increase of the HLA-B27/Cw1 association and the spondarthritic form was also found. Moreover, we detected a greater incidence of the HLA-B27 antigen in patients with bilateral sacroiliitis (85%) than in patients with unilateral sacroiliitis (22%). Our work revealed that PA is not a harmless disease; 57% of our patients had erosive arthritis while 19% had ARA class III or IV functional impairment.
The design of ultra low noise CMOS transimpedance amplifier for biosensing applications (2017)

This paper presents, a low-noise, low-power transimpedance amplifier (TIA) for amperiometric based blood glucose monitoring system for wearable devices. The proposed cascode common source multi-stage transimpedance amplifier circuit is implemented in a 180nm CMOS process. The TIA shows a transimpedance gain of 145MΩ and input referred current noise is 27.4fA/√Hz at 50kHz. When the input current is 5nA and the total power consumption is 110uW from 1V supply.
Sodium Stibogluconate Is a Potent Inhibitor of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases and Augments Cytokine Responses in Hemopoietic Cell Lines (2001)

Using in vitro protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) assays, we found that sodium stibogluconate, a drug used in treatment of leishmaniasis, is a potent inhibitor of PTPases Src homology PTPase1 (SHP-1), SHP-2, and PTP1B but not the dual-specificity phosphatase mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1. Sodium stibogluconate inhibited 99% of SHP-1 activity at 10 micrograms/ml, a therapeutic concentration of the drug for leishmaniasis. Similar degrees of inhibition of SHP-2 and PTP1B required 100 micrograms/ml sodium stibogluconate, demonstrating differential sensitivities of PTPases to the inhibitor. The drug appeared to target the SHP-1 domain because it showed similar in vitro inhibition of SHP-1 and a mutant protein containing the SHP-1 PTPase domain alone. Moreover, it forms a stable complex with the PTPase: in vitro inhibition of SHP-1 by the drug was not removed by a washing process effective in relieving the inhibition of SHP-1 by the reversible inhibitor suramin. The inhibition of cellular PTPases by the drug was suggested by its rapid induction of tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins in Baf3 cells and its augmentation of IL-3-induced Janus family kinase 2/Stat5 tyrosine phosphorylation and proliferation of Baf3 cells. The augmentation of the opposite effects of GM-CSF and IFN-alpha on TF-1 cell growth by the drug indicated its broad activities in the signaling of various cytokines. These data represent the first evidence that sodium stibogluconate inhibits PTPases and augments cytokine responses. Our results provide novel insights into the pharmacological effects of the drug and suggest potential new therapeutic applications.
SPAIN: COTS data-center Ethernet for multipathing over arbitrary topologies (2010)

Operators of data centers want a network fabric that supports high bisection bandwidth and host mobility, but which costs very little to purchase and administer. almost solves the problem - it is cheap and supports high link bandwidths - but traditional does not scale, because its spanning-tree topology forces traffic onto a single tree. Many researchers have described scalable Ethernet designs to solve the scaling problem, by enabling the use of multiple paths through the network. However, most such designs require specific wiring topologies, which can create deployment problems, or changes to the network switches, which could obviate the commodity pricing of these parts.In this paper, we describe SPAIN (Smart Path Assignment In Networks). SPAIN provides multipath forwarding using inexpensive, commodity off-the-shelf (COTS) switches, over arbitrary topologies. SPAIN pre-computes a set of paths that exploit the redundancy in a given network topology, then merges these paths into a set of trees; each tree is mapped as a separate VLAN onto the physical Ethernet. SPAIN requires only minor end-host software modifications, including a simple algorithm that chooses between pre-installed paths to efficiently spread load over the network. We demonstrate SPAIN's ability to improve bisection bandwidth over both simulated and experimental data-center networks
The Peyer's patch high endothelial receptor for lymphocytes, the mucosal vascular addressin, is induced on a murine endothelial cell line by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-1. (1993)

The specificity of lymphocyte homing from the blood into a tissue is determined in part by complementary pairs of adhesion receptors on lymphocytes and endothelial cells termed homing receptors and vascular addressins, respectively. The mucosal vascular addressin involved in lymphocyte homing to Peyer's patches is a 66-kDa glycoprotein, MAdCAM-1. Investigation of the regulation and molecular genetics of MAdCAM-1 have been hampered by the lack of a murine cell line expressing this adhesion molecule. We show herein using indirect immunofluorescence studies that MAdCAM-1 can be induced on a murine endothelial cell line, bEnd.3, by cytokines and LPS. Western blot analysis of MAdCAM-1 purified by affinity column chromatography from TNF-alpha-treated bEnd.3 cells demonstrates a 66-kDa protein that comigrates in SDS-PAGE with the MAdCAM-1 constitutively found on high endothelial venules in murine mesenteric lymph nodes. Comparison of MAdCAM-1 expression on the bEnd.3 cells was made to the expression of adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. MAdCAM-1 and VCAM-1 are not constitutively expressed on the bEND.3 surface but can be induced in a concentration-dependent manner by LPS, TNF-alpha, and IL-1. ICAM-1 is constitutively expressed on the endothelioma surface and expression is increased by TNF-alpha, IL-1, LPS, and IFN-gamma. Surface expression of MAdCAM-1 peaks 12 to 18 h after exposure to TNF-alpha and remains elevated at 48 h, whereas expression of VCAM-1 peaks at 4 h and inducible ICAM-1 peaks between 4 and 18 h. Interestingly, IFN-gamma has differential effects on expression of these three adhesion receptors. IFN-gamma alone induces VCAM-1 and enhances ICAM-1 expression, but does not induce MAdCAM-1. Furthermore, although, preincubation of bEND.3 cells with IFN-gamma modestly increases the induction of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in response to TNF-alpha and IL-1, it dramatically reduces the TNF-alpha, IL-1, and LPS-induced expression of MAdCAM-1. MAdCAM-1 on bEnd.3 cells is functional as the murine T lymphoma TK1, known to bind MAdCAM-1, also binds to TNF-alpha-stimulated endothelioma but not to unstimulated cells. This binding is blocked by the antibodies against MAdCAM-1 and against the alpha 4-chain of its integrin receptor, alpha 4 beta 7, on TK1 cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)