gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Project Discover: An Application of Generative Design for Architectural Space Planning (2017)

This paper describes a flexible workflow for generative design applied to architectural space planning. We describe this workflow through an application for the design of a new office space. First, we describe a computational design model that can create a variety of office layouts including locating all necessary programs and people using a small set of input parameters. We then describe six unique objectives that evaluate each layout based on architectural performance as well as worker-specific preferences. Finally, we show the use of a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) to search through the high-dimensional space of all possible designs, and describe several visualization tools that can help a designer to navigate through this design space and choose good designs. We conclude by discussing the future of such computational workflows in design and architecture. Our hope is that they go beyond basic automation to create an expanded role for the human designer and a more dynamic and collaborative interaction between computer design software and human designers in the future.
Expression profile of human defensins and antimicrobial proteins in oral tissues (2001)

Antimicrobial peptides and proteins are an important part of the innate host defense. In the present study, the expression profile of three human alpha-defensins, of two human beta-defensins (hBD) and of phospholipase A-2 (PLA-2) and lysozyme was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 56 non-inflamed and 18 inflamed oral tissue samples and primary oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts. The transcripts for hBD-1 and -2 as well as for PLA-2 and lysozyme were found to be widely expressed. In the group of the alpha-defensins, the message for the human neutrophil peptide-1 (HNP-1) was frequently detected, whereas an expression of human Paneth's cell defensin-5 (HD-5) was identified in only a minority of samples. Transcripts for HD-6 were not detectable in any sample. Oral keratinocytes but not fibroblasts contained transcripts for the beta-defensins, suggesting that these defensins are produced in the epithelial compartment. In contrast, mRNA expression of neutrophil-derived HNP-1 and PLA-2 was not observed in any of these cells. These results suggest an important role for hBD-1 and hBD-2 in the innate oral epithelial host defense.
Transcription Factors, Normal Myeloid Development, and Leukemia (1997)

TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS play a major role in differentiation in a number of cell types, including the various hematopoietic lineages.[1-4][1] In the hematopoietic system, stem cells undergo a process of commitment to multipotential progenitors, which in turn give rise to mature blood cells. Although a
Prevention of mammary carcinogenesis by short-term estrogen and progestin treatments (2003)

The data obtained in the present study demonstrate that, in nulliparous rats, long-term protection against mammary carcinogenesis can be achieved by short-term treatments with natural or synthetic estrogen and progesterone combinations.
Production of hepatitis delta virus and suppression of helper hepatitis B virus in a human hepatoma cell line (1991)

The hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a defective virus with a coat composing of the surface antigen of its helper virus, hepatitis B virus (HBV). Replication of HDV in the absence of HBV has been shown in cell cultures by transient transfection of the HDV plasmid. However, the formation and release of HDV virions have not been observed. In this report, a human hepatoma cell line HuH-7 was transiently cotransfected with HDV and HBV plasmids. The production of monomeric and multimeric antigenomic RNAs of HDV in the transfected cells indicated replication of the HDV genome. The major 3.5- and 2.1-kb RNAs of HBV were also expressed. Virions of both HDV and HBV were released from the cotransfected cells, as shown by the detection of monomeric genomic HDV RNA and partially double-stranded HBV DNA in the culture medium. Thus, this is the first report that describes the assembly and the release of HDV viral particles in an in vitro cell culture. The HDV virions released possessed physicochemical properties identical to those of the HDV virions found in infected human serum. Furthermore, expression of both the 3.5- and 2.1-kb RNAs of HBV was shown to be dramatically decreased by the presence of HDV, indicating suppression of the expression of HBV genes by HDV. The amount of HBV virions released was similarly suppressed by HDV. Cotransfection of HBV with an expression plasmid of the HDV delta antigen remarkably reduced the levels of the 3.5- and 2.1-kb HBV RNAs, indicating that suppression of the expression of HBV RNAs by HDV occurs via the action of the delta antigen. This HBV- and HDV-cotransfected human hepatoma cell line should provide an excellent system for the study of the function of the delta antigen and the interaction between HDV and its helper, HBV.
Proline transport and osmotic stress response in Escherichia coli K-12 (1986)

Proline is accumulated in Escherichia coli via two active transport systems, proline porter I (PPI) and PPII. In our experiments, PPI was insensitive to catabolite repression and was reduced in activity twofold when bacteria were subjected to amino acid-limited growth. PPII, which has a lower affinity for proline than PPI, was induced by tryptophan-limited growth. PPII activity was elevated in bacteria that were subjected to osmotic stress during growth or the transport measurement. Neither PPI nor uptake of serine or glutamine was affected by osmotic stress. Mutation proU205, which was similar in genetic map location and phenotype to other proU mutations isolated in E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium, influenced the sensitivity of the bacteria to the toxic proline analogs azetidine-2-carboxylate and 3,4-dehydroproline, the proline requirements of auxotrophs, and the osmoprotective effect of proline. This mutation did not influence proline uptake via PPI or PPII. A very low uptake activity (6% of the PPII activity) observed in osmotically stressed bacteria lacking PPI and PPII was not observed when the proU205 lesion was introduced.
Physical association between Src homology 3 elements and the protein product of the c-cbl proto-oncogene (1994)

To investigate the nature of proteins recognized by Src homology 3 (SH3) domains, a cDNA expression library was prepared from macrophages and screened with a probe representing the three SH3 domains of p47nck. Two clones were isolated, and one, designated SAKAP I (for Src A box Nck-associated protein I), contained the carboxyl-terminal half of the cbl proto-oncogene product. Studies in vitro demonstrated reactivity between SAKAP I and SH3 domains derived from a variety of molecules. Wide variations in this assay suggested a high degree of specificity inherent in SAKAP I binding. Moreover, it was possible to demonstrate an in vivo association between p47nck and p120c-cbl in HL60 cells. These findings suggest that proteins containing SH3 elements regulate Cbl function.
Engineering rotor ring stoichiometries in the ATP synthase (2012)

ATP synthase membrane rotors consist of a ring of c-subunits whose stoichiometry is constant for a given species but variable across different ones. We investigated the importance of c/c-subunit contacts by site-directed mutagenesis of a conserved stretch of glycines (GxGxGxGxG) in a bacterial c(11) ring. Structural and biochemical studies show a direct, specific influence on the c-subunit stoichiometry, revealing c(<11), c(12), c(13), c(14), and c(>14) rings. Molecular dynamics simulations rationalize this effect in terms of the energetics and geometry of the c-subunit interfaces. Quantitative data from a spectroscopic interaction study demonstrate that the complex assembly is independent of the c-ring size. Real-time ATP synthesis experiments in proteoliposomes show the mutant enzyme, harboring the larger c(12) instead of c(11), is functional at lower ion motive force. The high degree of compliance in the architecture of the ATP synthase rotor offers a rationale for the natural diversity of c-ring stoichiometries, which likely reflect adaptations to specific bioenergetic demands. These results provide the basis for bioengineering ATP synthases with customized ion-to-ATP ratios, by sequence modifications.
Modulation of vascular reactivity after acute calcium antagonist administration in pregnant women moderately sensitive to angiotensin infusion. (1994)

Intracellular calcium is hypothesized to mediate vascular reactivity to infused angiotensin in pregnancy, which is increased in women at risk for subsequent development of gestational hypertension or preeclampsia. We infused scalar doses of angiotensin II in pregnant women at risk for hypertension and observed the possible modulation of vascular responsiveness after the administration of a calcium antagonist, in 38 women sensitive to moderate doses (greater than 10 and lower than 64 ng/kg/min). Results were correlated to perinatal outcome. Women moderately sensitive to angiotensin, in which an enhancement of the effective pressor dose after calcium antagonist administration occurred, showed a significant increase of bad perinatal outcomes. The modulation of the pressor test to infused angiotensin by calcium antagonist administration would reveal an activation of intracellular free calcium, and may be used as a second-line screening test.
ArgBP2 and the SoHo family of adapter proteins in oncogenic diseases (2009)

ArgBP2, a member of the SoHo family of adapter proteins, is a regulator of actin-dependent processes such as cell adhesion and migration. Recent data from our lab revealed that by regulating adhesion and migration of pancreatic cancer cells, ArgBP2 is endowed with an anti-tumoral function. We could show that part of the molecular mechanism involved the interaction of ArgBP2 with the Arp2/3 activator WAVE1, the tyrosine phosphatase PTP-PEST, and the tyrosine kinase c-Abl. As ArgBP2 shares common structural organization and overlapping functions with the two other members of this protein family, CAP and Vinexin, it raises the question whether these two other proteins could also be involved in cancer diseases. The control of cell migration being an important issue in tumor treatment, these recent findings suggest that ArgBP2 family-dependent signaling pathways represents potential targets for the development of therapeutic strategies, and highlight the importance of elucidating their molecular mechanisms of cytoskeletal regulation.
Histamine receptors that influence blockage of the normal human nasal airway (2005)

1. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which histamine causes nasal blockage. Histamine, 40-800 microg, intranasally into each nostril, induced significant blockage of the nasal airway in normal human subjects, as measured by acoustic rhinometry. 2. Oral pretreatment with cetirizine, 5-30 mg, the H1 antagonist, failed to reverse completely the nasal blockage induced by histamine, 400 microg. 3. Dimaprit, 50-200 microg, the H2 agonist, intranasally, caused nasal blockage, which was reversed by oral pretreatment with ranitidine, 75 mg, the H2 antagonist. 4. A combination of cetirizine, 20 mg, and ranitidine, 75 mg, caused greater inhibition of the nasal blockage caused by histamine, 400 microg, than cetirizine alone. In the presence of both antagonists, there was residual histamine-induced nasal blockage. 5. R-alpha-methylhistamine (R-alpha-MeH), 100-600 microg, the H3 agonist, intranasally, caused nasal blockage, which was not inhibited by either cetirizine or ranitidine. 6. Thioperamide, 700 microg, the H3 antagonist, intranasally, reversed the R-alpha-MeH-induced nasal blockage. Thioperamide alone had no significant action on the nasal blockage induced by histamine, 400 and 1000 microg, but, in the presence of cetirizine, 20 mg, thioperamide further reduced the histamine-induced nasal blockage. 7. Corynanthine, 2 mg, the alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist, administered intranasally, caused nasal blockage. 8. Corynanthine produced a greater increase in nasal blockage when in combination with bradykinin compared to its combination with R-alpha-MeH. 9. There appears to be a contribution of H1, H2 and H3 receptors to histamine-induced nasal blockage in normal human subjects. The sympathetic nervous system actively maintains nasal patency and we suggest that activation of nasal H3 receptors may downregulate sympathetic activity.
Linkage of extracellular plasminogen activator to the fibroblast cytoskeleton: colocalization of cell surface urokinase with vinculin. (1988)

Several cell types display binding sites for [125I]urokinase (Vassalli, J.-D., D. Baccino, D. Belin. 1985. J. Cell Biol. 100:86-92) which in certain cases are occupied with endogenous urokinase. These sites appear to focus urokinase at cell surfaces and hence may participate in tissue matrix destruction and cell invasion. Recently Pöllänen et al. (1987) demonstrated that the cell surface urokinase of human fibroblasts and fibrosarcoma cells is deposited underneath the cells in strands, apparently at sites of cell-to-substratum contact. Here, using immunofluorescence double labeling, we show that the urokinase strands present on human foreskin fibroblasts are colocalized with strands of vinculin, an intracellular actin-binding protein that is deposited at cell-to-substratum focal adhesion sites. Thus, this indicates linkage of the plasminogen/plasmin system both to sites of cell adhesion and to the cytoskeleton. The urokinase strands on HT 1080 fibrosarcoma cells are more numerous and have shapes that are more tortuous than those on normal fibroblasts. In intact HT 1080 cells, colocalized vinculin strands are obscured by an intense background of soluble vinculin but are apparent on isolated ventral plasma membranes. Certain properties of the urokinase strands suggest that they are related to the [125I]urokinase-binding sites that have been described by several groups: (a) incubating fibroblasts with dexamethasone for 48 h or at pH 3 at 5 degrees C for 10 min greatly decreases the number and intensity of the urokinase strands; (b) strands reappear when glucocorticoid-treated cells are incubated with exogenous 54-kD (but not 35-kD) urokinase, and this process is inhibited by a previously described 16-amino acid peptide that blocks [125I]urokinase binding to the cells.
Joining high-throughput technology with in silico modelling advances genome-wide screening towards targeted discovery (2006)

Genome research has entered the functional evaluation phase now and high-throughput (HT) methods provide an enormous amount of raw data for that purpose. However, functional verification still requires experimental regimens not suitable for application in a HT style, requiring an efficient discovery and selection process pinpointing biological mechanisms and processes for subsequent targeted verification. Regulatory networks and underlying molecular mechanisms can now be deduced through the interpretation of HT-data in the context of biologic knowledge. Computational models of promoter structures are suitable for genome-wide searches and a number of recent examples demonstrate their usefulness in prediction and selection of functional targets for experimental verification.
Transfected mouse c-jun can inhibit transformation of primary rat embryo fibroblasts. (1991)

The c-jun gene, which encodes a transcriptional regulatory protein, is the cellular homologue of the transforming gene of avian sarcoma virus 17. In an attempt to assess the biological activities of mouse c-jun, we studied the consequences of its overproduction in an in vitro transformation assay. A c-jun expression plasmid failed to cooperate with either ras, myc or mutant p53 in this focus formation assay. On the other hand, it dramatically inhibited the ability of various oncogene combinations to elicit foci upon transfection into primary rat embryo fibroblasts. Deletion plasmids lacking either the transactivating domain or the leucine repeat of c-jun still displayed a pronounced inhibitory activity. On the contrary, a plasmid encoding only the first 187 amino acids of c-jun had no such activity. The data suggests that enhanced c-jun expression may interfere with the induction or proliferation of transformed cells in this system, and that the inhibitory activity resides in the C-terminal half of the molecule.
Isolation of human sequences that replicate autonomously in human cells. (1989)

We have isolated a heterogeneous collection of human genomic sequences which replicate autonomously when introduced into human cells. The novel strategy for the isolation of these sequences involved cloning random human DNA fragments into a defective Epstein-Barr virus vector. This vector alone was unable to replicate in human cells, but appeared to provide for the nuclear retention of linked DNA. The human sequences persist in a long-term replication assay (greater than 2 months) in the presence of the viral nuclear retention sequences. Using a short-term (4-day) assay, we showed that the human sequences are able to replicate in the absence of all viral sequences. The plasmids bearing human sequences were shown to replicate based on the persistence of MboI-sensitive plasmid DNA in the long-term assay and the appearance of DpnI-resistant DNA in the short-term assay. The human sequences were shown to be responsible for the replication activity and may represent authentic human origins of replication.
A robust competitive clustering algorithm with applications in computer vision (1999)

This paper addresses three major issues associated with conventional partitional clustering, namely, sensitivity to initialization, difficulty in determining the number of clusters, and sensitivity to noise and outliers. The proposed robust competitive agglomeration (RCA) algorithm starts with a large number of clusters to reduce the sensitivity to initialization, and determines the actual number of clusters by a process of competitive agglomeration. Noise immunity is achieved by incorporating concepts from robust statistics into the algorithm. RCA assigns two different sets of weights for each data point: the first set of constrained weights represents degrees of sharing, and is used to create a competitive environment and to generate a fuzzy partition of the data set. The second set corresponds to robust weights, and is used to obtain robust estimates of the cluster prototypes. By choosing an appropriate distance measure in the objective function, RCA can be used to find an unknown number of clusters of various shapes in noisy data sets, as well as to fit an unknown number of parametric models simultaneously. Several examples, such as clustering/mixture decomposition, line/plane fitting, segmentation of range images, and estimation of motion parameters of multiple objects, are shown.
美国人类学家:弗朗兹·博厄斯 (1990)

尽管弗朗兹·博厄斯诞生和受教于德国,但他被视为美国人类学奠基之父。他的著作从民族学资料的广泛收集,体质人类学的统计研究和对美国印第安语的描述研究,到有关课题研究的目的与方法的文章,把人类学研究发展成科学,对其后数代人类学家产生巨大影响。博厄斯出生于威斯特伐利亚州明登市一个显赫的商人家庭。他求学于海德堡、波恩和基尔大学,主攻物理学,以地理学为副科,1881年,他获得博
Use of a radioimmunoassay to quantify thrombospondin (1982)

Results of radioimmunoassay procedures applied to samples containing thrombospondin indicated that reliable values are obtained either in saline or in plasma. Plasma levels in apparently normal individuals ranged from approximately 20 to 300 ng/ml. The mean for 20 individuals was 175 ng/ml. Plasma specimens stored either refrigerated at 4 degrees C or frozen at -80 degrees C showed significantly diminished thrombospondin levels over a period of 90 days. Serum levels of thrombospondin were found to range from 10,000 to 30,000 ng/ml.
Clopidogrel versus Aspirin and Esomeprazole to Prevent Recurrent Ulcer Bleeding (2005)

Among patients with a history of aspirin-induced ulcer bleeding whose ulcers had healed before they received the study treatment, aspirin plus esomeprazole was superior to clopidogrel in the prevention of recurrent ulcer bleeding. Our finding does not support the current recommendation that patients with major gastrointestinal intolerance of aspirin be given clopidogrel.
Blood Preservation XXIX. Pyruvate Maintains Normal Red Cell 2,3‐DPG for Six Weeks of Storage in CPD‐Adenine (1980)

Pyruvate was placed in experimental CPD-adenine (0.25 mM) blood preservative mixtures in four concentrations ranging from 40 to 320 mM. In the 320 mM pyruvate preservative, 2,3-DPG levels were elevated above normal for six weeks of whole blood storage at 4 C. The lower pyruvate concentrations maintained elevated or normal 2,3-DPG levels for less time: four weeks with 160 mM, two weeks with 80 mM, and one week or less with 40 mM or the control. ATP values were best maintained in the control. The higher pyruvate concentrations resulted in the most rapid decreases at ATP. However, even the 320 mM pyruvate did not cause ATP to fall below 2 microM/gm of Hb. The higher pyruvate concentrations produced and maintained a higher pH during storage. On the other hand, 2,3-DPG levels increased with pyruvate during the first week of storage when the pH was decreasing rapidly. This could be the result of its oxidation of NADH to NAD. The high pyruvate concentration which maintained elevated 2,3-DPG levels throughout the six weeks might be simulating the effect reported in pyruvate kinase-deficient red blood cells, in which blockage of glycolysis at that step is preventing 2,3-DPG catabolism.
Designing Socially Acceptable Hand-to-Face Input (2018)

Wearable head-mounted displays combine rich graphical output with an impoverished input space. Hand-to-face gestures have been proposed as a way to add input expressivity while keeping control movements unobtrusive. To better understand how to design such techniques, we describe an elicitation study conducted in a busy public space in which pairs of users were asked to generate unobtrusive, socially acceptable hand-to-face input actions. Based on the results, we describe five design strategies: miniaturizing, obfuscating, screening, camouflaging and re-purposing. We instantiate these strategies in two hand-to-face input prototypes, one based on touches to the ear and the other based on touches of the thumbnail to the chin or cheek. Performance assessments characterize time and error rates with these devices. The paper closes with a validation study in which pairs of users experience the prototypes in a public setting and we gather data on the social acceptability of the designs and reflect on the effectiveness of the different strategies.