gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stress-Specific Activation and Repression of Heat Shock Factors 1 and 2 (2001)

Vertebrate cells express a family of heat shock transcription factors (HSF1 to HSF4) that coordinate the inducible regulation of heat shock genes in response to diverse signals. HSF1 is potent and activated rapidly though transiently by heat shock, whereas HSF2 is a less active transcriptional regulator but can retain its DNA binding properties for extended periods. Consequently, the differential activation of HSF1 and HSF2 by various stresses may be critical for cells to survive repeated and diverse stress challenges and to provide a mechanism for more precise regulation of heat shock gene expression. Here we show, using a novel DNA binding and detection assay, that HSF1 and HSF2 are coactivated to different levels in response to a range of conditions that cause cell stress. Above a low basal activity of both HSFs, heat shock preferentially activates HSF1, whereas the amino acid analogue azetidine or the proteasome inhibitor MG132 coactivates both HSFs to different levels and hemin preferentially induces HSF2. Unexpectedly, we also found that heat shock has dramatic adverse effects on HSF2 that lead to its reversible inactivation coincident with relocalization from the nucleus. The reversible inactivation of HSF2 is specific to heat shock and does not occur with other stressors or in cells expressing high levels of heat shock proteins. These results reveal that HSF2 activity is negatively regulated by heat and suggest a role for heat shock proteins in the positive regulation of HSF2.
Noninvasive Radiofrequency Field Destruction of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Xenografts Treated with Targeted Gold Nanoparticles (2010)

This study demonstrates a potentially novel cancer therapy by noninvasively inducing intracellular hyperthermia with targeted AuNPs in an RF field. While the therapy is dependent on the specificity of the targeting antibody, normal tissues were without toxicity despite systemic therapy and whole-body RF field exposure.
Systemic immune response and virus persistence after foot-and-mouth disease virus infection of naïve cattle and cattle vaccinated with a homologous adenovirus-vectored vaccine (2016)

The incidence of FMDV persistence was 61.5 % in non-vaccinated and 54.5 % in vaccinated animals. Overall, the systemic factors examined were not associated with the FMDV carrier/non-carrier divergence; however, significant differences were identified between responses of non-vaccinated and vaccinated cattle.
Circuits and systems in stress. I. Preclinical studies (2002)

This paper reviews the preclinical literature related to the effects of stress on neurobiological and neuroendocrine systems. Preclinical studies of stress provide a comprehensive model for understanding neurobiological alterations in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The pathophysiology of stress reflects long-standing changes in biological stress response systems and in systems involved in stress responsivity, learning, and memory. The neural circuitry involved includes systems mediating hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, norepinephrine (locus coeruleus), and benzodiazepine, serotonergic, dopaminergic, neuropeptide, and central amino acid systems. These systems interact with brain structures involved in memory, including hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex. Stress responses are of vital importance in living organisms; however excessive and/or repeated stress can lead to long-lasting alterations in these circuits and systems involved in stress responsiveness. Intensity and duration of the stressor, and timing of the stressor in life, have strong impact in this respect.
The voltage-gated potassium channel KCNQ2 in Taiwanese children with febrile convulsions (2002)

Mutations in the voltage-gated potassium channel genes KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 have been found to cause benign familial neonatal convulsions. Recent studies provided evidence that KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 contribute to the M-current, which regulates the subthreshold electrical excitability in the CNS. Febrile convulsions represent the majority of childhood seizures, and show a strong family history, suggesting a genetic predisposition. By performing an association study, we investigated whether KCNQ2 gene polymorphisms can be used as markers of susceptibility to febrile convulsions. These data suggest that the KCNQ2 gene might not be a useful marker for prediction of the susceptibility of febrile convulsions.
Solubility and diffusion coefficient of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate. (1977)

Several previously unavailable parameters of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate have been determined. The molar extinction coefficient at pH 7.0 is 1.38 X 10(-4), the aqueous solubility at pH 7.0 is 0.0236 M and the diffusion coefficient is 4.44 X 10(-6) cm2/s.
Green chemistry for sustainable cement production and use (2006)

Concrete is in desperate need of revitalisation in the 21st century due to growing durability, maintenance and environmental concerns. Improving the cement within concrete is an essential part of addressing these concerns. While Portland cement manufacture and use can still undergo slight environmental improvements, great opportunities lie in the utilisation of cements based on alternative compositions, binding-phases and green chemistry. This allows cement to be synthesised from a variety of materials including recycled resources and mineral wastes, which reduces the energy demands during production. The present work introduces industrial ecology and the principles of green chemistry as a means of driving the research, development and commercial attractiveness of alternative and sustainable cements. Three promising alternative cements are reviewed (alkali-activated cements, magnesia cements and sulfoaluminate cements) and compared to blended ordinary Portland cements in terms of their chemistry and properties. Emphasis is given to the material properties, durability, performance and applications of the “greener” alternative cements. It is clear that alternative cements have considerable potential in terms of environmental, engineering and economic properties.
The Product of the Survival of Motor Neuron(SMN) Gene is a Human Telomerase-associated Protein (2002)

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex that is minimally composed of a protein catalytic subunit, the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), and an RNA component, the telomerase RNA. The survival of motor neuron (SMN) gene codes for a protein involved in the biogenesis of certain RNPs. Here, we report that SMN is a telomerase-associated protein. Using in vitro binding assays and immunoprecipitation experiments, we demonstrate an association between SMN and the telomerase RNP in vitro and in human cells. The specific immunopurification of SMN from human 293 cells copurified telomerase activity, suggesting that SMN associates with a subset of the functional telomerase holoenzyme. Our results also indicate that the human telomerase RNA and the human (h) TERT are not associated with Sm proteins, in contrast to Saccharomyces cerevisiae telomerase. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that hTERT does not specifically colocalize with wild-type SMN in gems or Cajal bodies. However, a dominant-negative mutant of SMN (SMNDeltaN27) previously characterized to elicit the cellular reorganization of small nuclear RNPs caused the accumulation of hTERT in specific SMNDeltaN27-induced cellular bodies. Furthermore, coexpression of SMNDeltaN27 and hTERT in rabbit reticulocyte lysates decreased the efficiency of human telomerase reconstitution in vitro. Our results establish SMN as a novel telomerase-associated protein that is likely to function in human telomerase biogenesis.
A 0.013 ${\hbox {mm}}^{2}$, 5 $\mu\hbox{W}$, DC-Coupled Neural Signal Acquisition IC With 0.5 V Supply (2011)

We present an area-efficient neural signal-acquisition system that uses a digitally intensive architecture to reduce system area and enable operation from a 0.5 V supply. The architecture replaces ac coupling capacitors and analog filters with a dual mixed-signal servo loop, which allows simultaneous digitization of the action and local field potentials. A noise-efficient DAC topology and an compact, boxcar sampling ADC are used to cancel input offset and prevent noise folding while enabling “per-pixel” digitization, alleviating system-level complexity. Implemented in a 65 nm CMOS process, the prototype occupies 0.013 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> while consuming 5 μW and achieving 4.9 μVrms of input-referred noise in a 10 kHz bandwidth.
Activation of Necroptosis in Multiple Sclerosis (2015)

Multiple sclerosis (MS), a common neurodegenerative disease of the CNS, is characterized by the loss of oligodendrocytes and demyelination. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), a proinflammatory cytokine implicated in MS, can activate necroptosis, a necrotic cell death pathway regulated by RIPK1 and RIPK3 under caspase-8-deficient conditions. Here, we demonstrate defective caspase-8 activation, as well as activation of RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL, the hallmark mediators of necroptosis, in the cortical lesions of human MS pathological samples. Furthermore, we show that MS pathological samples are characterized by an increased insoluble proteome in common with other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD). Finally, we show that necroptosis mediates oligodendrocyte degeneration induced by TNF-α and that inhibition of RIPK1 protects against oligodendrocyte cell death in two animal models of MS and in culture. Our findings demonstrate that necroptosis is involved in MS and suggest that targeting RIPK1 may represent a therapeutic strategy for MS.
Statistical diagnosis for intermittent scan chain hold-time fault (2004)

Intermittent scan chain hold-time fault is discussed in this paper and a method to diagnose the faulty site in a scan chain is proposed a s well. Unlike the previous scan chain diagnosis methods that targeted p ermanent faults only, the proposed method targets both permanent faults and intermittent faults. Three ideas are presented in this paper. First an enhanced upper bound on the location o f candidate faulty scan cells is obtained. Second a n ew method to determine a lower bound is proposed. Finally a statistical diagnosis algorithm is proposed to calculate the probabilities of t he bounded set of candidate faulty scan cells. The proposed algorithm is shown to be efficient and effective for large industrial designs with multiple faulty scan chains.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected Biosynthetic Precursors of Amarogentin — A Retrobiosynthetic 13C NMR Study. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Protection Against Henipavirus Infection by Use of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus–Vector Vaccines (2012)

Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV) are closely related, recently emerged paramyxoviruses that are capable of causing considerable morbidity and mortality in several mammalian species, including humans. Henipavirus-specific vaccines are still commercially unavailable, and development of novel antiviral strategies to prevent lethal infections due to henipaviruses is highly desirable. Here we describe the development of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vaccines expressing the NiV G protein. Characterization of these vaccines in mice demonstrated that a single intramuscular AAV injection was sufficient to induce a potent and long-lasting antibody response. Translational studies in hamsters further demonstrated that all vaccinated animals were protected against lethal challenge with NiV. In addition, this vaccine induced a cross-protective immune response that was able to protect 50% of the animals against a challenge by HeV. This study presents a new efficient vaccination strategy against henipaviruses and opens novel perspectives on the use of AAV vectors as vaccines against emergent diseases.
Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled protein G as an affinity ligand in affinity/immunocapillary electrophoresis with fluorescence detection (1994)

Antibodies from human sera (h-IgG) were tagged with a fluorescent dye (fluorescein isothiocyanate, FITC) through the affinity reaction of FITC-labeled protein G with the Fc fragment of the antibodies. The complexes were quantified by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) within 1 min, i.e., fast enough to prevent their dissociation during the measurement. Conditions for the affinity reaction and the CZE analysis could thus be optimized independently. When an FITC-labeled protein G concentration of 10(-6) mol/L was used, h-IgG concentrations between 10(-6) and 10(-9) mol/L were reproducibly quantified (STD < 2%), using an LIF detector. A correlation coefficient, r2, of 0.9988 was established between the peak height and the IgG concentration. Alternatively, h-IgG containing serum samples and the FITC-labeled protein G were simply injected into the CE capillary in consecutive zones, followed by the application of the electrical field. Within 2 min, the affinity complexes were resolved and the IgG content of the serum quantified (r2 = 0.9986). The injection sequence was of no consequence. The measurements agreed well with those found in a single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) assay. In addition FITC-labeled protein G-tagged anti-h-IgG1 antibodies were used to detect the specific antigen of the involved antibody, namely, h-IgG1, in human sera.
Evidence for Significant Through‐Space and Through‐Bond Electronic Coupling in the 1,4‐Diphenylcyclohexane‐1,4‐diyl Radical Cation Gained by Absorption Spectroscopy and DFT Calculations (2007)

Photoinduced single-electron-transfer promoted oxidation of 2,5-diphenyl-1,5-hexadiene by using N-methylquinolinium tetrafluoroborate/biphenyl co-sensitization takes place with the formation of an intense electronic absorption band at 476 nm, which is attributed to the 1,4-diphenylcyclohexane-1,4-diyl radical cation. The absorption maximum (lambda(ob)) of this transient occurs at a longer wavelength than is expected for either the cumyl radical or the cumyl cation components. Substitution at the para positions of the phenyl groups in this radical cation by CH(3)O, CH(3), F, Cl, and Br leads to an increasingly larger redshift of lambda(ob). A comparison of the rho value, which was obtained from a Hammett plot of the electronic transition energies of the radical cations versus sigma(+), with that for the cumyl cation shows that the substituent effects on the transition energies for the 1,4-diarylcyclohexane-1,4-diyl radical cations are approximately one half of the substituent effects on the transition energies of the cumyl cation. The observed substituent-induced redshifts of lambda(ob) and the reduced sensitivity of lambda(ob) to substituent changes are in accordance with the proposal that significant through-space and -bond electronic interactions exist between the cumyl radical and the cumyl cation moieties of the 1,4-diphenylcyclohexane-1,4-diyl radical cation. This proposal gains strong support from the results of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Moreover, the results of time-dependent DFT calculations indicate that the absorption band at 476 nm for the 1,4-diphenylcyclohexane-1,4-diyl radical cation corresponds to a SOMO-3 --> SOMO transition.
Interactions of U2 Gene Loci and Their Nuclear Transcripts with Cajal (Coiled) Bodies: Evidence for PreU2 within Cajal Bodies (2000)

The Cajal (coiled) body (CB) is a structure enriched in proteins involved in mRNA, rRNA, and snRNA metabolism. CBs have been shown to interact with specific histone and snRNA gene loci. To examine the potential role of CBs in U2 snRNA metabolism, we used a variety of genomic and oligonucleotide probes to visualize in situ newly synthesized U2 snRNA relative to U2 loci and CBs. Results demonstrate that long spacer sequences between U2 coding repeats are transcribed, supporting other recent evidence that U2 transcription proceeds past the 3' box. The presence of bright foci of this U2 locus RNA differed between alleles within the same nucleus; however, this did not correlate with the loci's association with a CB. Experiments with specific oligonucleotide probes revealed signal for preU2 RNA within CBs. PreU2 was also detected in the locus-associated RNA foci, whereas sequences 3' of preU2 were found only in these foci, not in CBs. This suggests that a longer primary transcript is processed before entry into CBs. Although this work shows that direct contact of a U2 locus with a CB is not simply correlated with RNA at that locus, it provides the first evidence of new preU2 transcripts within CBs. We also show that, in contrast to CBs, SMN gems do not associate with U2 gene loci and do not contain preU2. Because other evidence indicates that preU2 is processed in the cytoplasm before assembly into snRNPs, results point to an involvement of CBs in modification or transport of preU2 RNA.
Effects of Age, Sex, and Comorbidities on the Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI) in the General Population (2014)

Prognostic studies level II retrospective.
High-Performance Flexible Thin-Film Transistors Exfoliated from Bulk Wafer (2012)

Mechanically flexible integrated circuits (ICs) have gained increasing attention in recent years with emerging markets in portable electronics. Although a number of thin-film-transistor (TFT) IC solutions have been reported, challenges still remain for the fabrication of inexpensive, high-performance flexible devices. We report a simple and straightforward solution: mechanically exfoliating a thin Si film containing ICs. Transistors and circuits can be prefabricated on bulk silicon wafer with the conventional complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process flow without additional temperature or process limitations. The short channel MOSFETs exhibit similar electrical performance before and after exfoliation. This exfoliation process also provides a fast and economical approach to producing thinned silicon wafers, which is a key enabler for three-dimensional (3D) silicon integration based on Through Silicon Vias (TSVs).
Blockade of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K)δ or PI3Kγ Reduces IL-17 and Ameliorates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-like Dermatitis (2012)

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease triggered by interplay between immune mediators from both innate and adaptive immune systems and skin tissue, in which the IL-23/IL-17 axis is critical. PI3Kδ and PI3Kγ play important roles in various immune cell functions. We found that mice lacking functional PI3Kδ or PI3Kγ are largely protected from imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis, correlating with reduced IL-17 levels in the lesions, serum, and the draining lymph nodes. TCRγδ T cells were the major IL-17-producing population in the draining lymph nodes and were significantly diminished in IMQ-treated PI3Kδ knockin and PI3Kγ knockout mice. We also show that PI3Kδ and PI3Kγ inhibitors reduced IFN-γ production by human TCRγδ T cells and IL-17 and IFN-γ production by PBMCs from psoriatic or healthy donors. In addition, inhibition of PI3Kγ, but not PI3Kδ, blocked chemotaxis of CCR6(+)IL-17-producing cells from IMQ-treated mice or healthy human donors. Taken together, these data indicate that PI3Kδ and/or PI3Kγ inhibitors should be considered for treating IL-17-driven diseases, such as psoriasis.
Time capsules: an abstraction for access to continuous-media data (1990)

The author presents the time capsule abstraction to describe how timed data shall be stored, exchanged, and accessed in a real-time system. When data are written into a time capsule, a time stamp and a duration are associated with the data item. When it is read, a time stamp is used to select the data item. The time capsule abstraction includes the notion of clocks that ensure periodic data access that is typical for continuous-media applications. By modifying the parameters of a clock, effects such as time lapses or slow motion can be achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Engineered humanized dimeric forms of IgG are more effective antibodies. (1992)

Humanized IgG1 M195 (HuG1-M195), a complementarity determining region-grafted recombinant monoclonal antibody, is reactive with CD33, an antigen expressed on myelogenous leukemia cells. M195 is in use in trials for the therapy of acute myelogenous leukemia. Since biological activity of IgG may depend, in part, on multimeric Fab and Fc clustering, homodimeric forms of HuG1-M195 were constructed by introducing a mutation in the gamma 1 chain CH3 region gene to change a serine to a cysteine, allowing interchain disulfide bond formation at the COOH terminal of the IgG. Despite similar avidity, the homodimeric IgG showed a dramatic improvement in the ability to internalize and retain radioisotope in target leukemia cells. Moreover, homodimers were 100-fold more potent at complement-mediated leukemia cell killing and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity using human effectors. Therefore, genetically engineered multimeric constructs of IgG may have advantages relative to those forms that are found naturally.
Epitopic Regions for Antibodies against Tumor Necrosis Factor α (1995)

The location of biologically relevant epitopes on human tumor necrosis factor alpha (hTNF-alpha) was evaluated by testing the immunoreactivity of anti-TNF-alpha antibodies against 149 sequential, overlapping octamer peptides. A goat polyclonal antibody raised against recombinant hTNF-alpha, which neutralizes hTNF-alpha biological activities, reacted with oligopeptides corresponding to hTNF-alpha residues 7-11, 17-23, 30-39, 42-49, 106-112, and 135-142. A possible assembled epitopic region (residues 25, 27, and 144) for neutralizing murine monoclonal antibodies designated 11D7G4 and 9C4G5 was deduced from the fact that they bound to tripeptides, mimicking a discontinuous epitope. These antigenic regions wer found to include of adjoin poorly conserved amino acids and they were located in the turns between beta-sheets on the surface of the molecule. Three of the sequential epitopic regions and an assembled region were closely related to the receptor binding sites proposed in several other studies. These antibodies appear to neutralize TNF-alpha activities by directly masking receptor binding sites.
Liquid crystal thermography in the evaluation of chronic back pain: A comparative study (1984)

This research involves the relative value of liquid crystal contact thermography (LCT) as compared to the physical examination, myelography, electromyography and CT scanning in the examination of 155 chronic low back pain patients. Thermograms were interpreted by two independent examiners as positive for nerve root compromise. Results demonstrate excellent interobserver reliability when used for this specific purpose and respectable correlations with the physical examination and EMG studies were obtained. Somewhat less correlation was found between LCT and the diagnostic procedures of CT scanning and myelography, especially in the postoperated patient. Liquid crystal contact thermography shows some promise as an adjunctive diagnostic tool in the assessment of chronic back pain patients with radicular symptoms, especially where further surgery is contemplated and the more structural tests of CT scanning and myelography may be falsely positive as a result of previous back surgery.