gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metastatic choriocarcinoma with spontaneous splenic rupture following term pregnancy: a case report. (1996)

Choriocarcinoma is a rare neoplasm which often spreads extensively. The metastases sometimes appear in the abdominal cavity where they can cause dramatic symptoms. We here describe a patient who had received a cesarean section twelve days before and intraperitoneal hemorrhage was diagnosed when she visited Chang Gung Memorial Hospital's emergency department. At laparotomy, ruptured spleen with active bleeding was found and splenectomy was performed. The histopathologic study revealed a metastatic choriocarcinoma. Multiagent chemotherapy was administrated and the patient responded well. To our knowledge, this is the fourth reported case that metastatic choriocarcinoma resulted in spleen rupture presenting as the principal sign of acute hemoperitoneum. Metastatic choriocarcinoma with rupture should be considered a cause of intraperitoneal hemorrhage in women of child-bearing age.
Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) biosynthesis in Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 (1989)

The phbC gene encoding the third enzyme of the poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate biosynthetic pathway, poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate polymerase, in Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 has been identified by the complementation of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate negative mutants of A. eutrophus H16. These results demonstrate that the three enzymes of the poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate biosynthetic pathway are organized phbC-phbA-phbB. Expression of all three genes in Escherichia coli results in a significant level (50% dry cell weight) of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate production. phbC encodes a polypeptide of Mr = 63,900 which has a hydropathy profile distinct from typical membrane proteins indicating that poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate biosynthesis probably does not involve a membrane complex.
Investigation of the formation mechanism and morphology of the features created in the interior of cornea by femtosecond laser pulses (2015)

Laser assisted corneal surgeries often rely on the nonlinear absorption effect of ultrafast lasers to induce features in the interior of the cornea without affecting the surface. In particular, corneal flap formation in femtosecond assisted Laser- Assisted in situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) is based on the bubble creation. This study focuses on the interaction between the tissue and the femtosecond laser. Interior of cornea is treated with tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses. Due to the nature of the process, heating of the tissue within and around the focal volume is practically instantaneous. The affected region is subject to thermoelastic stress that arises with the steep temperature elevation. To predict the size of the region subject to the morphological changes due to the laser treatment, the temperature field is calculated. Cavitation bubble initiation and expansion process, which acts as precursor to the stress induced tissue trauma, is studied as well. Theoretical findings are compared against experimental results. High-speed camera is utilized to assess the laser treatment process, showing the temporal development of the cavitation bubbles. The results obtained in this study facilitate a better understanding of the effects of femtosecond laser assisted corneal surgeries and help in choosing optimal laser parameters.
Medfly (Diptera:Tephritidae) Genetic Sexing: Large-Scale Field Comparison of Males-Only and Bisexual Sterile Fly Releases in Guatemala (2004)

The effect of releases of bisexual (males and female) and unisexual (male only) sterilized medflies was compared in three large field evaluations over a 3-yr period (1995-1997) in southwestern Guatemala. The two strains tested were a genetic sexing strain, Vienna-4/Tol-94, carrying the temperature sensitive tsl gene to eliminate females in the egg stage, and the standard bisexual Petapa strain. Flies were mass-reared, sterilized by irradiation as pupae, shipped to a field center, and released by air as young adults over 2 km by 2 km core areas in the centers of separate 6 km by 6 km test plots. Strain performance was monitored weekly by trapping sterile and wild male adults in core and buffer areas and by collecting eggs from coffee berries to determine induced sterility. Results indicated a several-fold advantage for the males-only strain as measured by the level of induced sterility, especially at the very high release ratios of 100:1 recorded in 1997. During that final test year, sterile-fly release rates were increased to provide high sterile:wild (S:W) fly ratios in the field, and egg sterility reached levels in excess of 70% in plots were the male-only strain was used. However, in the plots where the bisexual strain was released, induced sterility only reached 12% despite S:W ratios above 1,000:1.
Voter heuristics in Spain: a descriptive approach elector decision (2008)

The normative focus of political behaviour assumes that voters are rational and apply the same 
method of reasoning when they choose how to vote. Given the restrictions of this canonical view of 
voting theory, some authors have decided to explain the voter’s decision from a prescriptive or 
descriptive perspective. In this paper, we develop an adaptive model that describes the different 
sequential decision-making processes that voters apply. The goal is ultimately to identify the heuristic 
rules that characterize the political behaviour of individuals. To do this, we use a classification technique 
from the field of automatic learning: decision trees. On the empirical level, we find that Spanish voters 
perform sequential reasoning. The first heuristic that guides their choice is the memory of the vote in the 
last general elections. Next, voters use a sequence of other arguments to decide how to vote.
Pest Control with Enhanced Environmental Safety (1993)

Much of the increase in agricultural productivity over the past half century has been due to more efficacious and economical pest control through the use of synthetic chemical pesticides (SCPs). However, there is continued and growing social and legislative pressure to reduce the toxicological and environmental risks associated with control of agricultural pests with SCPs. Public and private sector research is being conducted to develop biorational pesticides and to replace or reduce the use of SCPs with natural product-based pesticides, biocontrol (including classical biocontrol), genetically-engineered pest resistance, and combinations of these replacement strategies. Nevertheless, these emerging pest control technologies will likely represent only a small percentage of the pest control market by the year 2000. Therefore, methods to reduce use rates of synthetic pesticides and to develop more environmentally and toxicologically benign pesticides are also important in risk abatement. Such strategies as biorational design, development of pesticide synergists, and development of crops resistant to more environmentally safe herbicides, insects, and plant pathogens can improve the environmental quality, food safety, and allay societal fears concerning crop protection technology.
The 2.7 Å Crystal Structure of the Activated FERM Domain of Moesin: An Analysis of Structural Changes on Activation, (2001)

Moesin binds to a large range of proteins through its N terminal FERM (band 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin) domain. In full-length moesin isolated from cells, this binding is masked by binding to the C-terminal domain of moesin (C-ERMAD). Activation takes place by phosphorylation of Thr 558 in the C-ERMAD, which releases the C-ERMAD. A recently determined crystal structure of a noncovalent complex of the FERM and C-ERMAD domains showed for the first time that the structure of the FERM domain consists of three subdomains, each of which is similar to known structures. The structure reported here also contains a unique 47-residue helix pointing away from the FERM domain at the start of the alpha domain, in agreement with secondary structure predictions. Removal of the C-ERMAD does not result in a huge rearrangement of the FERM domain, but comparison with the activated radixin structure shows a consistent set of small changes. Not surprisingly, the exposed C-ERMAD binding area interacts in crystal contacts. More interestingly, a negatively charged peptide binds to the inositol site in a crystal contact and causes a greater conformational change in the structure than inositol.
The opposing actions in vivo on murine myelopoiesis of purified preparations of lactoferrin and the colony stimulating factors. (1987)

The actions of purified iron-saturated human lactoferrin (LF), purified preparations of human MiaPaCa colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1), and recombinant murine interleukin-3 (IL-3) were evaluated in vivo in mice. Studies in vitro were compared at lowered (5%), as well as at normal incubator (20%), oxygen (O2) tension because of the potentially greater physiologic relevance of in vitro studies performed at lowered O2 tension. The results demonstrate that 1) increased release of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in vitro from pokeweed mitogen stimulated mouse spleen cells and from human mononuclear blood cells occurred at lowered O2 tension, and that human mononuclear blood leukocytes were more sensitive to the LF-induced suppression of GM-CSF release when cells were cultured at 5%, compared to 20%, O2 tension; 2) LF administered intravenously (IV) to mice pretreated with sublethal intraperitoneal dosages of Cytoxan decreased the cycling status of marrow and spleen granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM), erythroid (BFU-E-2 and BFU-E-1) and multipotential (CFU-GEMM) progenitor cells and the absolute numbers of these progenitors; these effects were most noticeable if care was taken to deplete endotoxin from the LF samples prior to testing LF in vivo and if the control medium was endotoxin free; 3) endotoxin-depleted LF decreased the cycling status of marrow and spleen CFU-GM, BFU-E, and CFU-GEMM and the numbers of these progenitors in the marrows of mice previously untreated with Cytoxan; these effects were most apparent when assessment of progenitor cells and their cycling rates were evaluated in vitro at lowered (5%) O2 tension; 4) purified natural human CSF-1 increased the absolute numbers of marrow CFU-GM and the cycling status of marrow CFU-GM and CFU-GEMM in mice pretreated with LF; and 5) purified recombinant murine IL-3 stimulated proliferation of day 8 and day 12 CFU-S (colony forming unit-spleen) in mice not previously treated with Cytoxan. These results substantiate the in vivo myelosuppressive effects of LF on CFU-GM and extend these effects to erythroid and multipotential progenitor cells, provide evidence that human CSF-1 has an in vivo action in mice, and confirm the studies of others showing that IL-3 stimulates the proliferation of CFU-S in vivo.
Orthodontics in the 21st century: a view from across the pond (2012)

It is a privilege to sit on the editorial board of the Journal of Orthodontics and to write this guest editorial. My first publication in this journal was an essay submission for the Chapman Prize ...
BMP7 controls collecting tubule cell proliferation and apoptosis via Smad1-dependent and -independent pathways (2001)

Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP7) controls ureteric bud and collecting duct morphogenesis in a dose-dependent manner (Piscione TD, Yager TD, Gupta IR, Grinfeld B, Pei Y, Attisono L, Wrana JL, and Rosenblum ND. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 273: F961-F975, 1997). We defined cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these effects in embryonic kidney explants and in the mIMCD-3 cell model of collecting tubule morphogenesis. Low-dose (0.25 nM) BMP7 significantly increased tubule number and cell proliferation. Similar to BMP2, high-dose (10 nM) BMP7 inhibited cell proliferation and stimulated apoptosis. To define molecular mechanisms, we identified signaling events downstream of BMP7. High-dose BMP7, but not low-dose BMP7, activated Smad1 in mIMCD-3 cells. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of high-dose BMP7 and BMP2, but not the stimulatory effects of low-dose BMP7, on tubulogenesis and cell proliferation were significantly reduced in mIMCD-3 cells stably expressing Smad1(Delta458), a dominant negative mutant form of Smad1, but not in cells stably expressing wild-type Smad1. We conclude that BMP7 exerts dose-dependent effects on ureteric bud or collecting duct cell proliferation and apoptosis by signaling via Smad1-dependent and Smad1-independent pathways.
Developmental toxicity testing from animal towards embryonic stem cells. (2005)

Developmental toxicology is the study of undesirable effects on the development of the organism, which may result from exposure before conception, from the period of prenatal development, or postnatally during the time of sexual maturation. The principal manifestations of developmental toxicity include: embryolethality, malformations, growth retardation, and functional impairment. In 2001, the European Commission published the future chemicals policy entitled "White Paper: Strategy for a Future Chemicals Policy". The new regulation requires a toxicological evaluation with strong emphasis on reproductive toxicity, by using in vitro methods, especially for those chemicals marketed at more than 1 ton per year. For this reason, the establishment of in vitro models capable of detecting major undesirable manifestations in the fetus, are urgently required. The aim of the present review is to explore the capacity of existing in vitro systems, based on embryonic stem (ES) cells, to identify embryotoxicity with a focus on specific effects such as teratogenicity and growth retardation. In addition, we discuss the possibility to adapt the mouse ES cells based tests to human ES cells, avoiding inter-species variations in developmental toxicity studies and address related ethical issues. Considering the different manifestations of developmental toxicity, only a battery of in vitro tests will provide the necessary information for regulatory developmental toxicity assessment.
Smoking Increases Tissue Factor Expression in Atherosclerotic Plaques (2000)

Our results suggest increased plaque TF expression and thrombogenicity as a novel mechanism for the increased risk of atherothrombotic events in smokers. Treatment with aspirin may reduce TF expression.
IL-4 induces adherence of human eosinophils and basophils but not neutrophils to endothelium. Association with expression of VCAM-1 (1992)

The present studies were performed to explore potentially selective mechanisms of leukocyte adhesion in an attempt to understand how preferential recruitment of eosinophils and basophils might occur during allergic and other inflammatory reactions. Stimulation of human vascular endothelial cells for 24 h with IL-4 (30 to 1,000 U/ml) induced adhesion for eosinophils (up to approximately four-fold of control) and basophils (up to approximately twofold of control) but not neutrophils (less than 125% of control). Analysis of endothelial expression of adhesion molecules by flow cytometry revealed that IL-4 treatment induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression without significantly affecting the expression of other adhesion molecules, namely endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1) or intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). The concentration-response curve for IL-4-induced VCAM-1 expression paralleled that for adhesion. Endothelial cells stimulated with IL-4 expressed adhesive properties for eosinophils by 3 h; the response increased steadily during a 24-h time course study. Eosinophils and basophils adhered to plates coated with a recombinant form of VCAM-1. This adhesion was blocked with antibodies to VCAM-1 but not ELAM-1. mAb directed against either VCAM-1 or VLA-4 inhibited (by approximately 75%) the binding of eosinophils and basophils to IL-4-stimulated endothelial cells. Because VLA-4 and VCAM-1 have been demonstrated to bind to each other in other adhesion systems, these results suggest that IL-4 stimulates eosinophil and basophil adhesion by inducing endothelial cell expression of VCAM-1 which binds to eosinophil and basophil VLA-4. The lack of expression of VLA-4 on neutrophils and the failure of IL-4 to stimulate neutrophil adherence support this conclusion. It is proposed that local release of IL-4 in vivo in allergic diseases or after experimental allergen challenge may partly explain the enrichment of eosinophils and basophils (vs neutrophils) observed in these situations.
Nasogastric omeprazole: effects on gastric pH in critically Ill patients. (1997)

Nasogastric omeprazole 40 mg q.d. is effective in maintaining an intragastric pH greater than 4.0 in critically ill patients. The nasogastric administration of omeprazole offers a cost-effective therapeutic option for acid suppression in patients at risk for stress mucosal ulceration.
Analgesics. 1. Selected 5-substituted 5-propionoxybarbituric acids (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalgesics. 1. Selected 5-substituted 5-propionoxybarbituric acidsJulius A. Vida, Carlos M. Samour, Mary H. O'Dea, Theodore S. T. Wang, William R. Wilber, and John F. ReinhardCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1974, 17, 7, 732–736Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00253a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00253a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views92Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Direct observation of the initial nucleation and epitaxial growth of metastable cubic GaN on (001) GaAs (1997)

We report on the direct observation of the initial nucleation and the resulting microstructure of GaN deposited on GaAs(001) by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, we demonstrate that, despite the extreme lattice mismatch between these two materials, GaN nucleates in the metastable cubic phase with a well-defined orientation relationship to the substrate and a sharp heteroboundary. The preference of the metastable phase in the initial stage of growth is discussed in connection with a coincidence lattice for the epitaxy-induced interface structure of the initial GaN nuclei.
Restoration of disk height through non-surgical spinal decompression is associated with decreased discogenic low back pain: a retrospective cohort study (2010)

NCT00828880.
Association of V227A PPARα polymorphism with altered serum biochemistry and alcohol drinking in Japanese men (2006)

PPARalpha-V227A is a major polymorphism in the Japanese population, and its activity may be greater compared to wild-type, but decreased by alcohol drinking.
Structure of Cerebral Arterioles in Cystathionine β-Synthase-Deficient Mice (2002)

We examined effects of hyperhomocysteinemia on structure and mechanics of cerebral arterioles. We measured plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) and pressure, diameter, and cross-sectional area of the vessel wall in maximally dilated cerebral arterioles in heterozygous cystathionine beta-synthase-deficient (CBS(+/-)) mice and wild-type (CBS(+/+)) littermates that were provided with drinking water that was unsupplemented (control diet) or supplemented with 0.5% L-methionine (high-methionine diet). Plasma tHcy was 5.0+/-1.1 micro mol/L in CBS(+/+) mice and 8.3+/-0.9 micro mol/L in CBS(+/-) mice (P<0.05 versus CBS(+/+) mice) fed the control diet. Plasma tHcy was 17.2+/-4.6 micro mol/L in CBS(+/+) mice and 21.2+/-3.9 micro mol/L in CBS(+/-) mice (P<0.05) fed the high-methionine diet. Cross-sectional area of the vessel wall was significantly increased in CBS(+/-) (437+/-22 micro m(2)) mice fed control diet and CBS(+/+) (442+/-36 micro m(2)) and CBS(+/-) (471+/-46 micro m(2)) mice fed high-methionine diet relative to CBS(+/+) (324+/-18 micro m(2)) mice fed control diet (P<0.05). During maximal dilatation, the stress-strain curves in cerebral arterioles of CBS(+/-) mice on control diet and CBS(+/+) and CBS(+/-) mice on high-methionine diet were shifted to the right of the curve in cerebral arterioles of CBS(+/+) mice on control diet, an indication that distensibility of cerebral arterioles was increased in mice with elevated levels of plasma tHcy. Thus, hyperhomocysteinemia in mice was associated with hypertrophy and an increase in distensibility of cerebral arterioles. These findings suggest that hyperhomocysteinemia promotes cerebral vascular hypertrophy and altered cerebral vascular mechanics, both of which may contribute to the increased incidence of stroke associated with hyperhomocysteinemia.
The distribution of stress in the neighbourhood of a crack in an elastic solid (1946)

Abstract The distribution of stress produced in the interior of an elastic solid by the opening of an internal crack under the action of pressure applied to its surface is considered. The analysis is given for ‘Griffith’ cracks (§2) and for circular cracks (§3), it being assumed in the latter case that the applied pressure varies over the surface of the crack. For both types of crack the case in which the pressure is constant over the entire crack surface is considered in some detail, the stress components being tabulated and the distribution of stress shown graphically. The effect of a crack (of either type) on the stress produced in an elastic body by a uniform tensile stress is considered and the conditions for rupture deduced.
Mitochondria-Targeted Cytoprotective Peptides for Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury (2007)

It is now recognized that oxidative injury and mitochondrial dysfunction are responsible for many clinical disorders with unmet needs, including ischemia-reperfusion injury, neurodegeneration, and diabetes. Mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to cell death by apoptosis or necrosis. As mitochondria are the major source of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondria are also the primary target for ROS, the ideal drug therapy needs to be targeted to mitochondria. A number of approaches have been used for targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to mitochondria. This review will focus on a novel class of cell-permeable small peptides (Szeto-Schiller peptides) that selectively partition to the inner mitochondrial membrane and possess intrinsic mitoprotective properties. Studies with isolated mitochondrial preparations and cell cultures show that these SS peptides can scavenge ROS, reduce mitochondrial ROS production, and inhibit mitochondrial permeability transition. They are very potent in preventing apoptosis and necrosis induced by oxidative stress or inhibition of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. These peptides have demonstrated excellent efficacy in animal models of ischemia-reperfusion, neurodegeneration, and renal fibrosis, and they are remarkably free of toxicity. The pharmacology of the SS peptides in models of ischemia-reperfusion will be the focus of this review.