gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adrenocortical function in bronchial asthma. (1983)

Female patients with "intrinsic" bronchial asthma without corticosteroid therapy for at least 3 months revealed low blood concentration of total protein-unbound + protein-bound) and free (biologically active, protein-unbound) cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, as also a low urinary excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone metabolites. The results suggest that bronchial asthma is associated with hypoadrenia due to an impaired production not only of cortisol, but also of adrenocortical androgens resulting in an insufficient hormone supply of the target organs. These seem noteworthy, since recent observations showed relationships between the immune responsiveness and sex hormones.
A prognostic score for hormone-refractory prostate cancer: analysis of two cancer and leukemia group B studies. (1999)

Previously, we have shown that serial measurements of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) can be used to calculate an average relative velocity (rva) of PSA. Together, the level of PSA and the rva formed a two-variable model for survival time that worked at any time during the course of HRPC. Here, we have added serial measurements of hemoglobin and weight to test whether they improve the prior model based on PSA alone. Data from two Cancer and Leukemia Group B studies (9181 and 9182) on HRPC were combined to study the relationship between survival and serial measurements of PSA, serum hemoglobin, and patient weight. Altogether, there were 348 patients who could be evaluated. We used the Cox proportional hazard model for survival time with the interval censored method to accommodate time-dependent covariates, and tests for significance were two sided. Log (PSA), rva, log (hemoglobin), and log [weight (in kg)] were all significantly related to survival time during the course of HRPC (P < 3.0 x 10(-5)). Together, they formed a prognostic score based upon the relative hazard. Higher values of this score implied higher probability of death as the next observed event. Serial measurements of PSA, hemoglobin, and weight provide a prognostic score that can be applied continuously during the course of HRPC. Changes in the score may provide a reproducible measure of treatment effect.
Major factors in the development of diabetes mellitus in 10,000 men (1975)

The average annual incidence of diabetes among 8,688 adult men followed up for five years was 8.0/1,000 with Asian, African and Israeli-born having higher rates than European-born. Multivariate analysis of the findings suggested the following: the most significant variables associated with the development of diabetes are overweight and peripheral vascular disease; the high incidence of diabetes in immigrants from Asia and Africa might be an example of Neel's "thrifty genotype" or failure of adaptation to relatively rapid environmental changes; serum cholesterol level, blood pressure, uric acid level, and education were important also; and the probability of developing diabetes within five years rises from 17/1,000 (when the major variables are low or absent) to 450/1,000 (when they are high and present). This has important clinical implications.
Analysis of Circulating MicroRNA: Preanalytical and Analytical Challenges (2011)

Detailed validation of the preanalytical steps affecting miRNA detection and quantification is critical when considering the use of individual miRNAs as clinical biomarkers. Unless these causes of imprecision are considered and mitigated, only miRNAs that are extremely up- or downregulated will be suitable as clinical biomarkers.
Can the Infusion of Elastase in the Abdominal Aorta of the Yucatán Miniature Swine Consistently Produce Experimental Aneurysms? (1997)

The intraluminal elastase perfusion model has been proved to be potentially effective in producing abdominal aortic aneurysm in rodents, but it produced unpredictable results in larger animals. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential ability of such a model to produce experimental aneurysm consistently in the Yucatán miniature swine. Six Yucatán miniature swine received infusion with porcine elastase into an isolated segment of the infrarenal aorta. The excised arterial segments were examined macroscopically to assess the luminal surface characteristics and histologically to describe the different pathologic injuries induced by the elastase treatment on the intima, media, and adventitia of the arterial wall. Histologic examination revealed that the elastic network of the media was destroyed. In the first week after perfusion, altered smooth muscle cells were located in the intima and innermost layer of the media in juxtaposition with the occlusive thrombus. Infiltration of inflammatory cells was observed in these regions of elastic network and smooth muscle cell alterations. In the arterial segments of swine sustained for 3 weeks, a reduction of smooth muscle cells was noted in some areas. An important number of necrotic lesions was observed, and they were associated with the development of calcium deposits. Significant intimal hyperplasic reaction was identified at day 19 and again at day 21. However, no aneurysmal development was observed. This study constituted the first experiment with infusion of porcine elastase in the Yucatán miniature swine infrarenal aorta. The present experimental protocol induced important elastic network and smooth muscle cell alterations leading to severe necrotic lesions associated with calcium deposition, but it produced no aneurysmal dilatation. This model requires further testing to obtain a more complete degradation of the elastic network in both the media and adventitia and more significant collagenolysis without early thrombotic events.
Molecular Mechanism for Adiponectin-dependent M2 Macrophage Polarization (2011)

The anti-inflammatory effects of globular adiponectin (gAcrp) are mediated by IL-10/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1)-dependent pathways. Although full-length (flAcrp) adiponectin also suppresses LPS-induced pro-inflammatory signaling, its signaling mechanisms are not yet understood. The aim of this study was to examine the differential mechanisms by which gAcrp and flAcrp suppress pro-inflammatory signaling in macrophages. Chronic ethanol feeding increased LPS-stimulated TNF-α expression by Kupffer cells, associated with a shift to an M1 macrophage polarization. Both gAcrp and flAcrp suppressed TNF-α expression in Kupffer cells; however, only the effect of gAcrp was dependent on IL-10. Similarly, inhibition of HO-1 activity or siRNA knockdown of HO-1 in RAW264.7 macrophages only partially attenuated the suppressive effects of flAcrp on MyD88-dependent and -independent cytokine signatures. Instead, flAcrp, acting via the adiponectin R2 receptor, potently shifted the polarization of Kupffer cells and RAW264.7 macrophages to an M2 phenotype. gAcrp, acting via the adiponectin R1 receptor, was much less effective at eliciting an M2 pattern of gene expression. M2 polarization was also partially dependent on AMP-activated kinase. flAcrp polarized RAW264.7 macrophages to an M2 phenotype in an IL-4/STAT6-dependent mechanism. flAcrp also increased the expression of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation in RAW264.7 macrophages, similar to the effect of flAcrp on hepatocytes. In summary, these data demonstrate that gAcrp and flAcrp utilize differential signaling strategies to decrease the sensitivity of macrophages to activation by TLR4 ligands, with flAcrp utilizing an IL-4/STAT6-dependent mechanism to shift macrophage polarization to the M2/anti-inflammatory phenotype.
Metastatic melanoma in the thorax: report of 130 patients (1981)

Early detection of metastatic melanoma has become more important as newer and more effective therapeutic regimens are used. Between 1970 and 1980, 1,600 patients were treated at one institution for malignant melanoma. Of these, 260 (16.3%) developed thoracic metastasis. Satisfactory chest radiographs were available for analysis in 130 of 260 patients. The patterns of the intrathoracic metastasis include multiple pulmonary nodules (52 patients), solitary nodule (26), miliary pattern (two), mediastinal and/or hilar adenopathy (nine), pleural effusion (three), lytic bony lesions (one), extra-pleural mass (one), and combined lesions (36). Both the staging of melanoma and the radiographic pattern of thoracic metastasis seemed to prognosticate the survival rate of these patients. Miliary metastasis and bone destruction implied a grave prognosis. Patients with a solitary lung nodule had the best survival experience. Immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery of selected distal metastases significantly improved the survival of most of these patients.
Clinical use of topical thrombin as a surgical hemostat (2008)

When surgical ligation of bleeding fails, or is not possible, surgeons rely on a number of hemostatic aids, including thrombin. This review discusses the history, pharmacology and clinical application of thrombin as a surgical hemostat. The initial thrombin was bovine in origin, but its use has been complicated by the formation of antibodies that cross react with human coagulation factors. This has been associated with life threatening bleeding and in some circumstances anaphylaxis and death. Human thrombin, isolated from pooled plasma of donors, has been developed in an effort to minimize these risks, but its downside is the potential of transmitting blood-borne pathogens and limited availability. Recently a recombinant thrombin has been developed and approved for use by the FDA. It has the advantage of being minimally antigenic and devoid of the risk if viral transmission. Thrombin is often used in conjunction with other hemostatic aids, including absorbable agents (like gelfoam, collagen, and cellulose), and with fibrinogen in fibrin glues. The last part of this review will discuss these agents in detail, and review their clinical applications.
Opioid growth factor regulates the cell cycle of human neoplasias. (2000)

The native opioid growth factor (OGF), [Met5]-enkephalin, is a tonic inhibitory peptide that modulates cell proliferation and migration, as well as tissue organization, during development, cancer, homeostatic cellular renewal, wound healing, and angiogenesis. OGF action is mediated by the OGF receptor (OGFr). To investigate the target of OGF as to cell proliferation, the effects of excess OGF, and a deprivation of OGF-OGFr interaction by an opioid antagonist, naltrexone (NTX), were examined in 3 human cancer cell lines: pancreatic (BxPC-3), colon (HT-29), and head and neck (CAL-27). OGF exposure decreased growth, DNA synthesis, and mitosis, and increased the doubling time from control levels. FACS analysis revealed a marked increase in cells in the G0/G1 phase and compensatory reduction in cells in S and G2/M phases. Consistent with this observation, the percentage of labeled mitosis (PLM) analysis showed a notable increase in the time of the G0/G1 phase. Receptor blockade with NTX increased the rate of growth, length of DNA synthesis and mitotic phases, and decreased doubling time from control values. FACS analysis indicated an increase in the proportion of cells in S and G2/M phases, and a decrease in the number of cells in the G0/G1 phase. PLM evaluation demonstrated a shortening of the length of the S and G2 phases in the 3 cell lines, and decreases in the M and G0/G1 phases in some cancers. These results indicate that OGF action is directed at the G0/G1 phase, but interruption of OGF-OGFr interfacing has widespread repercussions on the cell cycle. The data on blockade of OGF-OGFr during log phase growth suggest a requisite escorting of the growth peptide and its receptor through the cell cycle.
Lipid membrane editing with peptide cargo linkers in cells and synthetic nanostructures (2010)

Current strategies for deploying synthetic nanocarriers involve the creation of agents that incorporate targeting ligands, imaging agents, and/or therapeutic drugs into particles as an integral part of the formulation process. Here we report the development of an amphipathic peptide linker that enables postformulation editing of payloads without the need for reformulation to achieve multiplexing capability for lipidic nanocarriers. To exemplify the flexibility of this peptide linker strategy, 3 applications were demonstrated: converting nontargeted nanoparticles into targeting vehicles; adding cargo to preformulated targeted nanoparticles for in vivo site-specific delivery; and labeling living cells for in vivo tracking. This strategy is expected to enhance the clinical application of molecular imaging and/or targeted therapeutic agents by offering extended flexibility for multiplexing targeting ligands and/or drug payloads that can be selected after base nanocarrier formulation.
Traffic Prediction Using Multivariate Nonparametric Regression (2003)

The efficient control of traffic on motorways or freeways can produce many benefits, including quicker journey times, fewer pollutant emissions, and reduced driver stress. If it were possible to accurately predict the future state of traffic on a motorway, active measures could be taken to forestall congestion and its attendant negative impacts. This paper presents an intuitive method of producing these forecasts using a pattern matching technique. The technique adopted is novel in that it is a multivariate extension of nonparametric regression that exploits the three-dimensional nature of the traffic state. The application and other facets of the technique are illustrated with actual data from the London orbital motorway. The technique is able to produce forecasts for two of the three traffic state variables with reasonable accuracy and is capable of application on site.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigations on the Formation of 6‐Hydroxyindole in the Nenitzescu Reaction. Part 2. Cyclization of N‐(Quinonylalkyl)enaminone Derivatives. (1989)

Abstract A previous report concerning the formation of 6‐hydroxyindoles in the Nenitzescu reaction suggested that this (intermolecular) transformation may proceed via primary 1,4‐addition of the enaminone nitrogen to p‐benzoquinone.
Generation of two murine monoclonal antibodies that can discriminate N-glycolyl and N-acetyl neuraminic acid residues of GM2 gangliosides. (1988)

Since the preliminary analyses of the glycolipids of small cell carcinomas of the lung showed an increase of GM2 ganglioside, we generated new murine monoclonal antibodies directed to GM2 to identify the molecular species of the glycolipid. The monoclonal antibodies MK2-34 and MK1-16 (both IgM), which specifically detect N-glycolyl GM2 and N-acetyl GM2, respectively, were generated by immunizing mice with liposomes containing monophosphoryl lipid A, trehalose dimycolate, and the antigenic ganglioside. Among the glycolipid preparations extracted from the cancer tissues of 39 patients with lung cancer, a significant amount of N-acetyl GM2 was detected with MK1-16 antibody in 70% of the squamous cell carcinoma cases, 50% of the lung adenocarcinoma cases, 33% of the large cell carcinoma cases, and 100% of the cases of small cell carcinoma of the lung. On the other hand, N-glycolyl GM2 which was defined by the monoclonal MK2-34 was not found in any of the glycolipid fractions prepared from the lung cancer tissues examined in this study. Immunohistochemical studies of the lung cancer tissues with the MK1-16 antibody showed that the N-acetyl GM2 was present not only in small cell carcinoma tissues as one of the antigens related to tumors of neuroectodermal origin, but also in the squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung with a comparable frequency. The appearance of the N-acetyl GM2 antigen correlated well with the degree of differentiation of the cancer cells in patients with squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung.
Hypermethylation of the promoter region of the E-cadherin gene (CDH1) in sporadic and ulcerative colitis associated colorectal cancer (2001)

We have demonstrated hypermethylation of the promoter region in CDH1 in 46% of colorectal cancers studied. There was no difference between the UCACRC and SCRC groups. Just as there are specific differences in the genetic changes between UCACRC and SCRC, there is also likely to be a large degree of overlap among the genetic pathways of these cancers.
Urinary vitamin D-binding protein is elevated in patients with endometriosis (2011)

Urinary VDBP levels are elevated in patients with endometriosis. They have limited value as a potential diagnostic biomarker for endometriosis but suggest it would be worthwhile to investigate other urinary proteins for this purpose.
Immunoexpression of CAS protein is augmented in high grade serous ovarian tumors. (2010)

Ovarian cancer is one of the most important causes of death from gynecological malignancies in Poland. Recent investigations took a note of possible relationship between tumor histological grading and immunoexpression of apoptosis and proliferation related proteins in serous ovarian cancers. The aim of the study was to assess the immunoexpression of CAS protein in serous ovarian tumors of different histological grade, as well as to find possible relationships between this immunoexpression and tumor proliferation activity expressed by immuneexpression of Ki-67 protein. The analysis comprised of 66 women diagnosed and treated for malignant epithelial ovarian tumors. The immunoexpression of CAS protein was assessed semiquantitatively whereas immunoexpression of Ki-67 was performed using computer image analysis system. On immunohistochemical examinations it was found a significantly higher immunoexpression of both examined proteins in invasive serous ovarian cancers than in cystadenomas. Also, the significant positive correlation has been shown between immunoexpression of Ki-67 and CAS protein in particular group of tumors. In conclusion, our data suggest that increased immunoexpression of CAS protein in serous ovarian tumors may be useful in identifying the patients with more aggressive disease.
Simple hybrid mode horn feed loaded with a dielectric cone (1985)

A conical horn loaded with a solid dielectric cone, separated from the metal wall by a thin layer of low-permittivity material or air, is analysed theoretically and tested experimentally. This simple feed exhibits excellent radiation properties, with a crosspolar bandwidth similar to that of a corrugated horn.
New Methods for Delivery of Antifungal Agents (1989)

Amphotericin B remains the drug of choice for many invasive fungal infections. However, failures of therapy, relapses, and adverse effects are numerous. New modalities of antifungal therapy are extensively evaluated, including various preparations of liposomal amphotericin B and promising new agents such as itraconazole and fluconazole. Numerous studies indicate the potential benefit of liposomal amphotericin B. In particular, a dramatic decrease in the incidence of immediate adverse effects as compared with the incidence with amphotericin B complexed with deoxycholate has been documented. In addition, a prolonged in vitro antifungal activity has been observed with unilamellar liposomes. As yet there is no standardized commercially available preparation of liposomal amphotericin B. Extensive research in this field is in progress. Large comparative studies for the evaluation of the clinical efficacy of these preparations are planned. Intranasal administration of amphotericin B seems useful for the prevention of aspergillosis in predisposed patients. These various approaches should improve the management and prognosis of fungal infections.
The Role of Proteoglycans in Hard and Soft Tissue Repair (1994)

Healing of soft and hard tissues results from a progression of events initiated by injury and directed toward reestablishing normal structure and function. The ubiquity of proteoglycans in mammalian tissues virtually guarantees their involvement in tissue restitution. The dramatic advances in cellular and molecular biology in recent years have added significantly to understanding the specific roles played by proteoglycans in wound repair processes.
Effects of liarozole, a new antitumoral compound, on retinoic acid-induced inhibition of cell growth and on retinoic acid metabolism in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. (1992)

Liarozole is a new imidazole derivative with antitumoral properties. Effects of the compound alone and in combination with all-trans-retinoic acid on proliferation of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells were examined using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay. Following 9 days of drug exposure, MCF-7 cell growth was concentration dependently inhibited by all-trans-retinoic acid (drug concentration resulting in 50% growth inhibition, 2 x 10(-8) M), while liarozole at 10(-5) M inhibited cell growth by only 35%. When MCF-7 cells were incubated with a combination of all-trans-retinoic acid and liarozole, the antiproliferative effect of all-trans-retinoic acid was clearly enhanced. This enhancement was dependent on the liarozole concentration and was more than 10-fold. A combination of 10(-8) M all-trans-retinoic acid and 10(-6) M liarozole resulted in a greater antiproliferative effect than that obtained with 10(-7) M all-trans-retinoic acid alone. When MCF-7 cells were incubated for 4 h with [3H]all-trans-retinoic acid, the radioactivity in the supernatant consisted of unaltered retinoid. However, when cells had been pretreated with 10(-6) M all-trans-retinoic acid overnight, they were able to substantially metabolize [3H]all-trans-retinoic acid during a subsequent 4-h incubation. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the supernatants revealed that the reaction products consisted mainly of very polar metabolites. Liarozole inhibited the metabolism of all-trans-retinoic acid in MCF-7 cells with 10(-5) M liarozole reducing the amount of polar metabolites by 87%. It is concluded that the enhancement by liarozole of the antiproliferative effects of retinoic acid on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells is probably due to inhibition of retinoic acid metabolism. Further research into these effects in MCF-7 cells as well as in other cancer cell lines will provide more information concerning the exact mechanism of action of liarozole and the use of inhibitors of retinoid metabolism in cancer treatment.
Use of rotation thromboelastometry (ROTEM ® ) to achieve successful treatment of polytrauma with fibrinogen concentrate and prothrombin complex concentrate (2009)

Goal-directed coagulation therapy is essential in the management of trauma patients with severe bleeding. Due to the complex nature of coagulation disorders in trauma, a quick and reliable diagnostic tool is essential. We report a severely injured multiple trauma patient who received haemostatic therapy with coagulation factor concentrates, guided by rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM). Initial therapy consisted of fibrinogen concentrate (Haemocomplettan P), as maximum clot firmness in the ROTEM analyses was low, whereas clotting time was normal. Later on, prothrombin complex concentrate was given to optimise thrombin generation. This approach enabled extended emergency hemihepatectomy to be performed without using fresh frozen plasma. As the EXTEM maximum clot firmness showed good clot quality, no platelets were transfused despite low platelet counts. This case shows the potential success of treatment using both fibrinogen concentrate and prothrombin complex concentrate, not only in restoring haemostasis but also in minimising requirement for transfusion of allogeneic blood products.