gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Omeprazole Treatment in Man: Effects on Gastric Endocrine Cell Populations (1988)

36 patients with chronic gastric or oesophageal peptic ulceration (including 6 with antrectomy), resistant to high-dose ranitidine treatment for at least 3 months, were successfully treated with 40-60 mg of omeprazole daily for periods between 1 and 2 years. Fasting serum gastrin levels were monitored at regular intervals during therapy and multiple gastric mucosal biopsies were taken during gastroscopy every 3-6 months. Gastrin levels increased significantly during the first 6 months of therapy from a medium level of 81.5 to 206 pg/ml, a slight decrease was seen thereafter. In 10 patients investigated before the start of the treatment and after 1 and 2 years, the volume density of argyrophilic cells in the oxyntic mucosa increased from 0.43 +/- 0.08 to 0.91 +/- 0.14% during the first year; this change was statistically significant. No further increase was observed thereafter. No such difference could be demonstrated between a larger group of 18 patients investigated before and after 1 year of treatment with omeprazole (0.806 +/- 0.1 vs. 0.93 +/- 0.08%) and between a larger group of 22 untreated patients and 17 patients treated for 17-24 months with omeprazole (0.73 +/- 0.1 vs. 0.86 +/- 0.09%). The volume density of argyrophilic cells found in 8 patients with gastrinoma amounted to 1.37 +/- 0.22%. No clusters of endocrine cells were found in omeprazole-treated patients. The D cell volume density in the antral mucosa decreased significantly during the first months of treatment, but steadily increased thereafter to reach pretreatment values after 17 months. There was no change in G cell volume density under therapy. No changes in gastrin levels or oxyntic argyrophilic cells were observed in the antrectomized patients. It is concluded that the hyperplasia of argyrophilic cells observed in some patients during long-term omeprazole treatment is mediated by hypergastrinaemia.
Role of the polymorphic residues in HLA-DR molecules in allele-specific binding of peptide ligands. (1994)

Analysis of peptide binding to a set of HLA-DR alleles has allowed the proteins to be segregated into functional subsets, depending on the amino acids at positions 57 and 86 of the beta-chain. DR proteins with glycine at 86 beta and aspartic acid at 57 beta bound a simplified peptide with significantly lower IC50 values than alleles that did not have this combination of amino acids. The size of the amino acid at 86 beta seemed to modify the steric requirements for the single most important side chain of the peptide. Within each of the four subgroups, other polymorphic amino acids define allele-specific binding requirements. These were explored by analyzing the ability of eight different DR alleles to bind 13 known T cell determinants. The side chains in the peptides that seemed to be responsible for allele specificity were determined by correlating their common structural features with complementary polymorphic residues in the binding site. The importance of these residues was tested by incorporating them into a polyalanine backbone, and was confirmed by the ability of these residues to transfer allele specificity to these simplified analogues. Even though polymorphic contacts affected peptide affinity, the majority of the free energy of binding in all cases arose from interactions with the peptide backbone and the single hydrophobic amino acid at the third position. These constraints seem to orient all peptides in a similar location, forcing them to adopt a closely related conformation in the binding site. The corresponding side chain in each peptide contacts the same pocket in the binding site, regardless of the allele. This apparent similarity should allow any DR allele to be analyzed by extrapolation from the DR1 crystal structure.
Selective hepatic uptake of synthetic glycoproteins: mannosaminated ribonuclease A dimer and serum albumin. (1979)

The influence of mannose-containing oligosaccharides on the tissue uptake of glycoproteins has been examined with synthetic glycoconjugates. Oligosaccharides obtained from the acetolysis of bakers' yeast mannan have been coupled to the lysine residues of the cross-linked dimer of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A and of human serum albumin by reductive amination with cyanoborohydride. 14C-labeled derivatives of the two proteins containing two to four mannopyranose residues per 10,000 mol wt were administered intravenously to rats. There was selective (70-80%) uptake of these derivatives by the liver within 10-15 min after injection. A minor site of uptake was the spleen. The extent of hepatic uptake was a function of the number and size of the mannooligosaccharide residues coupled. With the nonglycosaminated derivatives the liver uptake was less than 5%. Related studies have shown that mannose-containing glycoproteins are taken up by both the endothelial and Kupffer cells of the liver; thus, reductive mannosamination may provide a means of directing to these cells proteins of potential therapeutic interest.
Ethene−Norbornene Copolymerization with Homogeneous Metallocene and Half-Sandwich Catalysts:  Kinetics and Relationships between Catalyst Structure and Polymer Structure. 4. Development of Molecular Weights (1998)

The molecular weights of ethene-norbornene copolymers, produced with various metallocene- and amidocyclopentadienyl-methylaluminoxane (MAO) catalysts, have been determined by high-temperature gel-permeation chromatography: with one exception, increasing molecular weights were found with an increasing norbornene content in the copolymer. This observation is due to the fact that the beta-hydride elimination process is not possible in the case of norbornene, because of special steric conditions of the cis-2,3-exo inserted norbornene; other possible termination reactions are discussed, considering the specialties of the norbornene. The effect of the catalyst structure on the molecular weights is discussed in terms of steric and electronic factors of the different ligands: sterically less hindered ligands produce ethene-norbornene copolymers with relatively low molecular weights; ligands with a larger extension and electron-pushing effect such as the fluorenyl ligand, induced the formation of high molecular weights. Additional alkyl groups at the indenyl or fluorenyl ligand increased the molecular weights additionally.
Mice lacking acylation stimulating protein (ASP) have delayed postprandial triglyceride clearance (1999)

Acylation stimulating protein (ASP) is a 76 amino acid fragment of the third component of complement (C3) which is generated by the interaction of adipsin and factor B with C3. In vitro studies have shown that ASP can markedly increase triglyceride synthesis in adipocytes. To test the ASP pathway in vivo, C3-deficient mice, and therefore ASP-deficient mice, were generated and oral fat loads were conducted in wild-type (C3+/+) and mutant (C3-/-) animals. The principal results were: 1) postprandial triglyceride clearance was significantly delayed in mutant compared to wild-type mice; 2) this difference was more pronounced in males compared to females; 3) in both males and females, the differences were more pronounced in the second half of the postprandial period; 4) fasting and postprandial free fatty acid (FFA) were higher in C3(-/-) than in C3(+/+) males; and 5) intraperitoneal administration of ASP accelerated triglyceride clearance in C3(-/-) males. The data are consistent therefore, with the hypothesis that the ASP pathway is an important physiologic determinant of normal postprandial triglyceride clearance.
RNA Interference in Caenorhabditis Elegans (2003)

RNAi has become an essential tool in C. elegans research. Procedures for RNAi in C. elegans by microinjecting with dsRNA, feeding with bacteria expressing dsRNA and soaking in dsRNA solution are described in this unit.
Genistein alleviates the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in ApoE―/― mice fed a high‐fat diet (2013)

GEN alleviated NASH as well as hypercholesterolemia and obesity in ApoE(-/-) mice fed an HFD. Restoration of altered cholesterol metabolism and oxidative stress may be involved in the protective effect of GEN against NASH development.
The E1a gene of adenovirus type 2 reduces the metastatic potential of ras-transformed rat embryo cells. (1988)

We have previously demonstrated that second-passage rat embryo cells transformed by the ras oncogene alone are both tumorigenic and highly metastatic when injected into nude mice. In contrast, rat embryo cells cotransformed with the ras oncogene and the adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) E1a gene are tumorigenic but either fail to metastasize or exhibit a very low metastatic potential. In this report, we demonstrate that transfection of the Ad2 E1a gene into four independent ras-transformed rat embryo cell lines results in a dramatic reduction in metastatic potential relative to that of the parental cell line. Transfection of cDNAs for the 12S and 13S E1a transcripts showed that the 12S cDNA was highly effective in reducing the metastatic potential of ras-transformed cell lines, while the 13S cDNA showed an effect in only one of the two cell lines tested. This effect is specific to the Ad2 E1a gene, since ras-transformed cell lines expressing the Ad12 E1a gene maintained their high metastatic potential. We hypothesize that the Ad2 E1a gene may regulate the expression of one or more cellular genes that contribute to the metastatic phenotype.
Knowledge in Action (2001)

Specifying and implementing dynamical systems with the situation calculus. Modeling and implementing dynamical systems is a central problem in artificial intelligence, robotics, software agents, simulation, decision and control theory, and many other disciplines. In recent years, a new approach to representing such systems, grounded in mathematical logic, has been developed within the AI knowledge-representation community. This book presents a comprehensive treatment of these ideas, basing its theoretical and implementation foundations on the situation calculus, a dialect of first-order logic. Within this framework, it develops many features of dynamical systems modeling, including time, processes, concurrency, exogenous events, reactivity, sensing and knowledge, probabilistic uncertainty, and decision theory. It also describes and implements a new family of high-level programming languages suitable for writing control programs for dynamical systems. Finally, it includes situation calculus specifications for a wide range of examples drawn from cognitive robotics, planning, simulation, databases, and decision theory, together with all the implementation code for these examples. This code is available on the book's Web site.
Effects of Immune Environments Upon Bone In Vitro (1973)

*Assistant Professor. University of Illinois College of Medicine. The Abraham Lincoln School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 840 South Wood Street. Chicago. Illinois 60612
Siglec-7: a sialic acid-binding lectin of the immunoglobulin superfamily (2000)

The Siglecs are a recently discovered family of sialic acid-binding lectins of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily. We report a molecule showing homology to the six first reported Siglecs, with the closest relationship to Siglec-3(CD33), Siglec-5, and Siglec-6(OBBP-1). The extracellular portion has two Ig-like domains, with the amino-terminal V-set Ig domain including amino acid residues known to be involved in sialic acid recognition by other Siglecs. The cytoplasmic domain has putative sites of tyrosine phosphorylation shared with some Siglecs, including an Immuno-receptor Tyrosine-based Inhibitory Motif (ITIM). Expression of the full-length cDNA induces sialic acid-dependent binding to human erythrocytes. A recombinant chimeric form containing the extracellular Ig domains selectively recognizes the sequence Neu5Acalpha2-6Galbeta1-4Glc, and binding requires the side chain of sialic acid. Mutation of an arginine residue predicted to be critical for sialic acid binding abolishes both interactions. Taken together, our findings justify designation of the molecule as Siglec-7. Analysis of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones spanning the known human genomic location of Siglec-3 indicates that the Siglec-7 gene is also located on chromosome 19q13.3-13.4. Human tissues show strong expression of Siglec-7 mRNA in spleen, peripheral blood leukocytes, and liver. The combination of an extracellular sialic acid binding site and an intracellular ITIM motif suggests that this molecule is involved in trans-membrane regulatory signaling reactions.
History and Illusion in Politics; Public Goods, Private Goods (2004)

Book Review| April 01 2004 History and Illusion in Politics; Public Goods, Private Goods Raymond Geuss, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), 184 pp.Raymond Geuss, (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001), 152 pp. James Johnson James Johnson Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Common Knowledge (2004) 10 (2): 355. https://doi.org/10.1215/0961754X-10-2-355 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation James Johnson; History and Illusion in Politics; Public Goods, Private Goods. Common Knowledge 1 April 2004; 10 (2): 355. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/0961754X-10-2-355 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsCommon Knowledge Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Duke University Press2004 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal Issue Section: LITTLE REVIEWS You do not currently have access to this content.
GaAs and AlGaAs anisotropic fine pattern etching using a new reactive ion beam etching system (1985)

High aspect-ratio anisotropic etching for GaAs has been obtained with Cl2 plasma in a new reactive ion beam etching (RIBE) system equipped with an ultrahigh vacuum chamber. A vertical wall with 0.5 μm thickness and 7 μm height was obtained at a 500 V ion extraction voltage and etching gas pressure of 8×10−4 Torr. A normalized etching rate was 2 ( μm/min)/(mA/cm2) which corresponds to a sputtering yield of 23 atoms/ion. Such a high aspect-ratio etching was mainly owing to use of a high-temperature (250 °C) baked photoresist mask with a sharp cut profile. GaAs and AlGaAs equirate etching, which is often difficult in the conventional reactive ion etching (RIE), has also been obtained using this system. It was found that decrease of the AlGaAs etching rate in the RIE is attributed to Al2O3 formation due to residual H2O during etching.
Migraine and Tension-Type Headache in Croatia: A Population-Based Survey of Precipitating Factors (2003)

The careful monitoring of the trigger factors of headache could be an important step in treatment, because their avoidance may lessen the frequency and severity of attacks. Furthermore, they may provide a clue to the aetiology of headache. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of tension-type headache (TTH) and to establish the frequency of precipitating factors in subjects with migraine and TTH in the adult population of Bakar, County of the Coast and Gorski Kotar, Croatia. Another important purpose of the study was to examine the relationship of the precipitating factors with migraine and TTH, and with migraine subtypes: migraine with aura (MA) and migraine without aura (MO). We performed a population-based survey using a 'face-to-face door-to-door' interview method. The surveyed population consisted of 5173 residents aged between 15 and 65 years. The 3794 participants (73.3%) were screened for headache history according to the International Headache Society (IHS) criteria. Headache screen-positive responders, 2475 (65.2%), were interviewed by trained medical students with a structured detailed interview focused on the precipitating factors. The following precipitating factors in lifetime migraineurs and tension-type headachers have been assessed: stress, sleep disturbances, eating habits, menstrual cycle, oral contraceptives, food items, afferent stimulation, changes in weather conditions and temperature, frequent travelling and physical activity. A total of 720 lifetime migraineurs and 1319 tension-type headachers have been identified. The most common precipitants for both migraine and TTH were stress and frequent travelling. Stress (odds ratio (OR) 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17, 1.69) was associated with migraine, whereas physical activity (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.59, 0.87) was related to TTH. Considering MA and MO, frequent travelling (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.59, 2.99), food items (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.35, 3.51) and changes in weather conditions and temperature (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.27, 2.41) exhibited a significant positive association with MA. The present study demonstrated that precipitant-dependent attacks are frequent among both migraineurs and tension-type headachers. Lifetime migraineurs experienced headache attacks preceded by triggering factors more frequently than tension-type headachers. MA was more frequently associated with precipitating factors than MO. We suggest that some triggering factors may contribute to the higher occurrence of precipitant-dependent headache attacks in susceptible individuals.
Operating lifetime of phosphorescent organic light emitting devices (2000)

We investigate the continuous operating lifetime of organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) using the phosphorescent dopant, 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-21H,23H-porphine platinum (II) as the light emitting molecule. We characterize devices based on two different electron transporting hosts: tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum and 4,4′-N,N′-dicarbazolyl-biphenyl (CBP). The OLEDs lose ∼25% of their luminance in the first 50 h of operation, followed by extremely slow degradation with negligible growth of dark spots. The device lifetime of CBP-based phosphorescent OLEDs projected to 50% initial brightness is &amp;gt;107 h at a mean current density of 10 mA/cm2 under 50% duty cycle pulsed operation. These extremely long lifetimes are speculated to be an intrinsic property of electrophosphorescent OLEDs, where radiative phosphors significantly shorten the lifetime of potentially reactive triplet states in the conductive host material.
Genetic Association with Response to Intravitreal Ranibizumab in Patients with Neovascular AMD (2011)

Genetic predisposition may account for the variability in response to anti-VEGF treatment.
The case for assessing cannabidiol in epilepsy (2014)

Intractable epilepsies have an extraordinary impact on cognitive and behavioral function and quality of life, and the treatment of seizures represents a challenge and a unique opportunity. Over the past few years, considerable attention has focused on cannabidiol (CBD), the major nonpsychotropic compound of Cannabis sativa. Basic research studies have provided strong evidence for safety and anticonvulsant properties of CBD. However, the lack of pure, pharmacologically active compounds and legal restrictions have prevented clinical research and confined data on efficacy and safety to anecdotal reports. Pure CBD appears to be an ideal candidate among phytocannabinoids as a therapy for treatment-resistant epilepsy. A first step in this direction is to systematically investigate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and interactions of CBD with other antiepileptic drugs and obtain an initial signal regarding efficacy at different dosages. These data can then be used to plan double-blinded placebo-controlled efficacy trials. A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information section here.
Hoplite: Building austere overlay NoCs for FPGAs (2015)

Customized unidirectional, bufferless, deflection-routed torus networks can outperform classic, bidirectional, buffered mesh networks for single-flit-oriented FPGA applications by as much as 1.5× (best achievable throughputs for a 10×10 system) or 2.5× (allocating same FPGA resources to both NoCs) for uniform random traffic. We present Hoplite, an efficient, lightweight, fast FPGA overlay NoC that is designed to be small and compact by (1) eliminating input buffers, and (2) reducing the cost of switch crossbar that have traditionally limited speeds and imposed heavy resource costs in conventional FPGA overlay NoCs. We implement bufferless deflection routing cheaply, requiring the generation of only output multiplexer controls and no backpressure handshakes. Additionally, we use directional channels that help reduce crossbar cost by restricting the number of inputs to the crossbar to three instead of four. When compared to buffered mesh switches, FPGA-based deflection routers are ≈3.5× smaller (HLS-generated switch) and 2.5× faster (clock period) for 32b payloads. In a separate experiment, we hand-crafted a prototype RTL version of our switch with RLOCS that requires only 60 LUTs and 100 FFs per router and runs at 2.9 ns.
A blind, randomized comparison of racecadotril and loperamide for stopping acute diarrhea in adults (2005)

Racecadotril and loperamide are rapid, equally effective treatments for acute diarrhea in adults, but loperamide treatment is associated with a higher incidence of treatment-related constipation.
Recent advances in histamine H3/H4 receptor ligands (2003)

Advances in molecular biology have brought fresh impetus to the field of research into histamine receptor ligands with the recent cloning of human histamine H3 and H4 receptors. Numerous promising potential therapeutic targets have been suggested for H3 receptor ligands based on various pharmacological investigations, e.g., Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, obesity, epilepsy, inflammatory diseases, sleep disorders and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Concurrent to the availability of the receptors, the number of leads has also largely increased in the last few years, with some hybrid compounds acting simultaneously at two targets. In particular, the large number of different non-imidazole H3 receptor antagonists possessing high affinities and selectivities and the first compound in clinical testing raise the hope for having a drug available in the market in the near future. The first studies with H4 receptor ligands show promising anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties.
SELECTIVE DELETION OF ANTIGEN-SPECIFIC, ACTIVATED T CELLS BY A HUMANIZED MAB TO CD2 (MEDI-507) IS MEDIATED BY NK CELLS (1999)

CD2 is a 50-kDa transmembrane glycoprotein that plays an important role in T and natural killer (NT) lymphocyte functions. CD2 serves as both an adhesion molecule and as a costimulatory molecule through interactions with its ligand, CD58, on antigen presenting or target cells. Consistent with earlier studies using a rat anti-CD2 mAb, we have shown that treatment of alloantigen stimulated T lymphocytes with a humanized mAb, MEDI-507 (IgG1, kappa), induced hyporesponsiveness to subsequent stimulation with alloantigen but not to mitogen (phytohemagglutinin). Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis of cells from mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) treated with MEDI-507 revealed pronounced deletion of T and NK cells, consistent with lack of proliferation in the MLR. MEDI-507 F(ab')2 fragments did not have inhibitory activity or induce deletion of lymphocytes in the MLR. Removal of the NK cell subset by magnetic bead depletion using anti-CD16 and anti-CD56 mAbs eliminated both the T cell deletion and the inhibitory effect. Reconstitution of NK depleted responder populations using autologous NK cells restored the MEDI-507-mediated deletion activity to levels measured in the original MLR. Formaldehyde-fixed NK cells failed to mediate the MEDI-507-induced deletion effect. Altogether, our studies indicate that activated T cells with MEDI-507 bound to CD2 are preferential targets for autologous NK cells through a nonapoptotic cytotoxic mechanism.