gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LOCOS-induced stress effects on thin-film SOI devices (1997)

LOCOS-induced stress effects on thin-film SOI devices are investigated. We show that as the field oxide thickness increases, degradation (enhancement) of nMOSFET's (pMOSFET's) I-V characteristics becomes increasingly pronounced. The total degradation or enhancement of I-V characteristics can reach /spl sim/40% of drive current for devices under certain processing conditions. Estimated stress results using four-point bending measurement show that the stress level on the silicon film is of order 1200 MPa for devices with /spl sim/40% of I-V degradation/enhancement. We attribute the stress phenomenon to the volumetric expansion of field oxide during the LOCOS process.
Brain white-matter volume loss and glucose hypometabolism precede the clinical symptoms of Huntington's disease. (2006)

White-matter volume loss may precede gray-matter atrophy and may be associated with neuronal dysfunction in early disease.
Quantitative Aspects of Inhibition of Virus Replication by Interferon in Chick Embryo Cell Cultures (1966)

Hallum, J. V. (University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa.), and J. S. Youngner. Quantitative aspects of inhibition of virus replication by interferon in chick embryo cell cultures. J. Bacteriol. 92:1047-1050. 1966.-The effect of interferon on single cycles of replication of vesicular stomatitis virus and Mahoney poliovirus ribonucleic acid was studied in chick embryo cell cultures. The results showed that the titer of a given interferon preparation was independent of the input multiplicity of the challenge virus. In addition, the increase in virus yield with increasing virus challenge was a function of the number of infected cells, each of which yielded progeny at a level determined by the concentration of interferon to which the cells were exposed. These findings are not compatible with the concept that increases in the size of the virus challenge reverse or overcome protection of cells by interferon.
Pluripotent Embryonal Stem Cell Lines Can Be Established from Disaggregated Mouse Morulae (1989)

Mouse pluripotent embryonal stem (ES) cell lines hitherto have been conventionally isolated from the 'inner cell mass' of mouse blastocysts. In this report, I describe a new and simplified method for establishing pluripotent cell lines from mouse morulae of the 16- to 20-cell stage, which were disaggregated by the use of EDTA. From 17 cell lines established in such a way, 7 were characterized with respect to their differentiation potential: (i) When injected into syngeneic mice, the cells gave rise to solid, fully differentiated teratomas representing derivatives of all three germ layers. (ii) When cultured in suspension in vitro, the cells were able to differentiate into complex organized 'embryoid bodies' analogous to mouse early postimplantation embryos. These results strongly imply that embryonal stem cell lines isolated from mouse morulae are highly homologous to conventionally isolated ES cells. In addition, my results indicate that murine pluripotent embryonal stem (ES) cell lines can be derived with more ease and higher efficiency from disaggregated morulae than from the 'inner cell mass' of blastocysts.
Examination of intravenous and intra‐CSF protein delivery for treatment of neurological disease (2009)

Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA is a neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder characterized by progressive loss of learned skills, sleep disturbance and behavioural problems. Absent or greatly reduced activity of sulphamidase, a lysosomal protein, results in intracellular accumulation of heparan sulphate. Subsequent neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration typify this and many other lysosomal storage disorders. We propose that intra-cerebrospinal fluid protein delivery represents a potential therapeutic avenue for treatment of this and other neurodegenerative conditions; however, technical restraints restrict examination of its use prior to adulthood in mice. We have used a naturally-occurring Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA mouse model to determine the effectiveness of combining intravenous protein replacement (1 mg/kg) from birth to 6 weeks of age with intra-cerebrospinal fluid sulphamidase delivery (100 microg, fortnightly from 6 weeks) on behaviour, the level of heparan sulphate-oligosaccharide storage and other neuropathology. Mice receiving combination treatment exhibited similar clinical improvement and reduction in heparan sulphate storage to those only receiving intra-cerebrospinal fluid enzyme. Reductions in micro- and astrogliosis and delayed development of ubiquitin-positive lesions were seen in both groups. A third group of intravenous-only treated mice did not exhibit clinical or neuropathological improvements. Intra-cerebrospinal fluid injection of sulphamidase effectively, but dose-dependently, treats neurological pathology in Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA, even when treatment begins in mice with established disease.
64‐2: Fabrication of Auxiliary Electrodes using Ag Inkjet Printing for OLED Lighting (2018)

This study introduces the novel fabrication of auxiliary electrodes using silver (Ag) inkjet printing for OLED lighting. Generally, inkjet printing has limits to feature size and resolution due to nozzle size, jetting volume and ink spread. To fabricate narrow auxiliary electrodes, this study introduces a unique line width control method using a hydrophilic track formed by spreading barriers. The grid‐like auxiliary electrodes were fabricated by directly‐patterning of Ag conductive line and insulator. The most densely fabricated grid electrode has the line width of 18 µm, the space distance of 0.15 mm. For the feasibility test of the developed grid‐like auxiliary electrode, we fabricated OLED lighting using ITO electrode substrates printed with the grid‐like auxiliary electrode.
Lentivirus Lytic Peptide 1 Perturbs both Outer and Inner Membranes of Serratia marcescens (2002)

Bis-lentivirus lytic protein 1 (Bis-LLP1) and polymyxin B exhibited similar killing activities against Serratia marcescens. By electron microscopy, bis-LLP1 interacted with the outer and cytoplasmic bacterial membranes, while polymyxin B affected only the outer membrane. The results of standard biochemical probes supported the findings of the electron microscopy studies, suggesting that these antimicrobial peptides have different mechanisms of action.
THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF COLCHICINE (1973)

The thermal depolymerization procedure of Stephens (1970. J. Mol. Biol. 47:353) has been employed for solubilization of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus sperm tail outer doublet microtubules with the use of a buffer during solubilization which is of optimal pH and ionic strength for the preservation of colchicine binding activity of chick embryo brain tubulin. Colchicine binding values were corrected for first-order decay during heat solubilization at 50 degrees C (t((1/2)) = 5.4 min) and incubation with colchicine at 37 degrees C in the presence of vinblastine sulfate (t((1/2)) = 485 min). The colchicine binding properties of heat-solubilized outer doublet tubulin were qualitatively identical with those of other soluble forms of tubulin. The solubilized tubulin (mol wt, 115,000) bound 0.9 +/- 0.2 mol of colchicine per mol of tubulin, with a binding constant of 6.3 x 10(5) liters/mol at 37 degrees C. The colchicine binding reaction was both time and temperature dependent, and the binding of colchicine was prevented in a competitive manner by podophyllotoxin (K(i) = 1.3 x 10(-6) M). The first-order decay of colchicine binding activity was substantially decreased by the addition of the vinca alkaloids, vinblastine sulfate or vincristine sulfate, thus demonstrating the presence of a vinca alkaloid binding site(s) on the outer doublet tubulin. Tubulin contained within the assembled microtubules did not decay. Intact outer doublet microtubules bound less than 0.001 mol of colchicine per mol of tubulin contained in the microtubules, under conditions where soluble tubulin would have bound 1 mol of colchicine per mol of tubulin (saturating concentration of colchicine, no decay of colchicine binding activity). The presence of colchicine had no effect on the rate of solubilization of outer doublet microtubules during incubation at 37 degrees C. Therefore, the colchicine binding site on tubulin is blocked (not available to bind colchicine) when the tubulin is in the assembled outer doublet microtubules.
B-less: a strain of profoundly B cell-deficient mice expressing a human lambda transgene. (1992)

We have created several transgenic mouse strains that bear the human lambda light chain gene driven by its own promoter and a mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer. The transgene is expressed in many tissues, with particularly high levels of expression in the bone marrow, thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes. One of these transgenic lines, B-less, displays a dramatic phenotype characterized by an acute susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections. Analysis of this strain shows it to be profoundly deficient in both immature (pre-B) and mature B cells, as well as in circulating immunoglobulin. The pre-B and B cell defects are cell autonomous, as judged by cell culture and bone marrow graft chimeras. Despite this B cell deficiency, the T cell lineage appears grossly normal as assessed by flow cytometric analysis and by its response to mitogen stimulation. Since an independently derived transgenic strain bearing the same human lambda construct displays a partial B-less phenotype, it is likely that the B lineage deficiency is due to a dominant effect of transgene expression rather than to the insertional perturbation of an endogenous mouse gene. It is interesting that the deficiency phenotype is fully expressed in the FVB/N genetic background, but is suppressed in F1 hybrids formed between the FVB/N and C57BL/6 inbred strains. Evidently, there are one or more dominant genetic suppressors of B-less in the C57BL/6 genome.
Evaluation of modified [35S]methionine and [35S]casein preparations as supplements for sheep (1970)

1. Doses of L-[ 35 S]methionine (2 g) and [ 35 S]casein (20 g) were given to sheep in the diet or via the abomasum, and the patterns of 35 S-labelling in blood, wool and excreta were studied during the 7 d following administration of the dose. 2. Doses given via the abomasum resulted in substantial labelling of the plasma proteins and wool; only small amounts of the dose were recovered in the urine and faeces. In contrast, doses given in the diet resulted in much less labelling of plasma proteins and wool and ingreater losses in excreta. These results provide the basis of a rapid system for testing the effectiveness of various methods of protecting methionine and casein from degradation in the rumen. 3. From the patterns obtained with N-formyl-DL-[ 35 S]methionine and [ 35 S]polymethionine (mol. wt 7–8 × 10 4 ) it appears unlikely that these compounds would stimulate wool growth if given as dietary supplements. 4. [ 35 S]Casein which had been treated with an 8 % aqueous solution of formaldehyde gave results which showed that the casein had been protected from destruction in the rumen without markedly reducing its subsequent digestibility. Treatment of [ 35 S]casein with excess, formalde-hyde (a 40 % aqueous solution) gave a product which was completely indigestible. 5. It is concluded that the radioisotope technique could be applied to other [ 35 S]amino acids or their derivatives and to other [ 35 S]proteins, and should also be applicable to larger ruminants such as cattle.
Stem cell property epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition is a core transcriptional network for predicting cetuximab (Erbitux™) efficacy in KRAS wild‐type tumor cells (2010)

Beyond a well-recognized effect of KRAS mutations in determining de novo inefficacy of cetuximab (CTX) in metastatic colorectal cancer, we urgently need a biomarker signature for predicting CTX efficacy in KRAS wild-type (WT) tumors. CTX-adapted EGFR gene-amplified KRAS WT tumor cell populations were induced by stepwise-chronic exposure of A431 epidermoid cancer cells to CTX. Genome-wide analyses of 44K Agilent's whole human arrays were bioinformatically evaluated by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA)-based screening of the KEGG pathway database. Molecular functioning of CTX was found to depend on: (i) The occurrence of a positive feedback loop on Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) activation driven by genes coding for EGFR ligands (e.g., amphiregulin); (ii) the lack of a negative feedback on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation regulated by dual-specificity phosphatases (e.g., DUSP6) and; (iii) the transcriptional status of gene pathways controlling the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reversal (MET) program (actin cytoskeleton and cell-cell communication-e.g., keratins-focal adhesion signaling-e.g., integrins-and EMT-inducing cytokines - e.g., transforming growth factor-β). Quantitative real-time PCR, high-content immunostaining, and flow-cytometry analyses confirmed that CTX efficacy depends on its ability to promote: (i) Stronger cell-cell contacts by up-regulating the expression of the epithelial markers E-cadherin and occludin; (ii) down-regulation of the epithelial transcriptional repressors Zeb, Snail, and Slug accompanied by restoration of cortical F-actin; and (iii) complete prevention of the CD44(pos)/CD24(neg/low) mesenchymal immunophenotype. The impact of EGFR ligands/MAPK phosphatases gene transcripts in predicting CTX efficacy in KRAS WT tumors may be tightly linked with the ability of CTX to concurrently reverse the EMT status, a pivotal property of migrating cancer stem cells.
Medicinal Chemistry in the Golden Age of Biology: Lessons from Steroid and Peptide Research (1991)

Abstract Collaboration between biologists and chemists has generated medicines of enormous benefit to society. The dynamics of this synergistic interaction combines two strengths: the rigor of chemistry and the ability of biologists to construct unifying concepts from diverse fields of investigation. The resulting contributions to the practice of medicine have reduced morbidity and mortality while increasing the quality of life. Building on the work of chemists such as Robinson , Prelog , Woodward , and Pauling , medicinal chemists have advanced rational drug discovery, especially of enzyme inhibitors, to a degree unthinkable even twenty years ago. Some of the major contributions of medicinal chemistry to human and animal health stem directly from the creative application of structural and electronic reasoning, from advances in instrumentation, and from spectacular progress in biology. However, medicinal chemists have only begun to scratch the surface of the opportunities made possible by the impact of the “double‐helix revolution” of the 1950s.
Electrophysiological brain activity and memory source monitoring (1997)

TO investigate brain mechanisms involved in identifying the origin of memories, event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded as participants discriminated previously presented (old) from new items or identified their earlier source (picture, word, or new). Differences in ERPs between old–new recognition and source identification were focused at frontal sites. For source identification, prominent negative deflections at occipital or frontal sites occurred depending on encoding task. These results support a model in which memory attributes are distributed neocortically and the frontal lobes are critical for source monitoring.
Health care robotics: a progress report (2002)

This paper describes the approach followed in the design of a service robot for health care applications. Under the auspices of the NASA Technology Transfer Program, a partnership was established between JPL and RWI, a manufacturer of mobile robots, to design and evaluate a mobile robot for health care assistance to the elderly and the handicapped. The activities of the first phase of the project include the development of a multi-modal operator interface, and the design and fabrication of a manipulator arm for the mobile robot. This paper describes the architecture of the system, the features of the manipulator arm, and the operator interface.
Parasympathetic control of the heart. I. An interventriculo-septal ganglion is the major source of the vagal intracardiac innervation of the ventricles (2004)

The locations, projections, and functions of the intracardiac ganglia are incompletely understood. Immunocytochemical labeling with the general neuronal marker protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) was used to determine the distribution of intracardiac neurons throughout the cat atria and ventricles. Fluorescence microscopy was used to determine the number of neurons within these ganglia. There are eight regions of the cat heart that contain intracardiac ganglia. The numbers of neurons found within these intracardiac ganglia vary dramatically. The total number of neurons found in the heart (6,274 +/- 1,061) is almost evenly divided between the atria and the ventricles. The largest ganglion is found in the interventricular septum (IVS). Retrogradely labeled fluorescent tracer studies indicated that the vagal intracardiac innervation of the anterior surface of the right ventricle originates predominantly in the IVS ganglion. A cranioventricular (CV) ganglion was retrogradely labeled from the anterior surface of the left ventricle but not from the anterior surface of the right ventricle. These new neuroanatomic data support the prior physiological hypothesis that the CV ganglion in the cat exerts a negative inotropic effect on the left ventricle. A total of three separate intracardiac ganglia innervate the left ventricle, i.e., the CV, IVS, and a second left ventricular (LV2) ganglion. However, the IVS ganglion provides the major source of innervation to both the left and right ventricles. This dual innervation pattern may help to coordinate or segregate vagal effects on left and right ventricular performance.
地震的震级频度分布与古登堡：里克特关系式的偏离：大震之前的兆异… (1995)

本文介绍了表示地震的震级频度分布与古登堡－里克特关系式偏离的一种量度。以前曾认为震级频度分布遵从古登堡－里克特关系式，然而，实际分布常常与这一关系式偏离相当大。令ｎｉ，Ｎ，Ｍ０和ｂ分别是震级为Ｍｉ－Ｍｉ＋ΔＭ的事件数目、震极的下限以及古登堡－里克特关系式的ｂ值。
The Use of Resource Sharing and Coding to Increase the Capacity of Digital Satellites (1983)

Resource sharing is a technique which can improve the circuit availability of digital satellites operating at frequencies above 10 GHz, without requiring large fade margins. In this paper, the resource sharing concept is generalized by fully exploiting the available clear-air carrier-to-noise ratio of the satellite link to achieve very high transmission capacity while maintaining low rain outage. During clear-air conditions, convolutional codes with a large channel signaling alphabet are employed to permit a high rate of information transfer. When the fade depth exceeds the built-in fade margin, the signaling alphabet is reduced and enough time slots are borrowed from a resource sharing reserved pool to maintain the data rate at the fade site. It is shown that this approach greatly diminishes the impact of rain attenuation on satellite communications. Effective utilized capacities exceeding 85 percent of that possible if it never rains are feasible, and the increase in capacity compared to a system not using resourcesharing protection is typically a factor of 3-10.
Maturation Proteins and Sugars in Desiccation Tolerance of Developing Soybean Seeds (1992)

The desiccation-tolerant state in seeds is associated with high levels of certain sugars and maturation proteins. The aim of this work was to evaluate the contributions of these components to desiccation tolerance in soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill cv Chippewa 64). When axes of immature seeds (34 d after flowering) were excised and gradually dried (6 d), desiccation tolerance was induced. By contrast, seeds held at high relative humidity for the same period were destroyed by desiccation. Maturation proteins rapidly accumulated in the axes whether the seeds were slowly dried or maintained at high relative humidity. During slow drying, sucrose content increased to five times the level present in the axes of seeds held at high relative humidity (128 versus 25 mug/axis, respectively). Stachyose content increased dramatically from barely detectable levels upon excision to 483 mug/axis during slow drying but did not increase significantly when seeds were incubated at high relative humidity. Galactinol was the only saccharide that accumulated to higher levels in axes from seeds incubated at high relative humidity relative to axes from seeds that were slowly dried. This suggests that slow drying serves to induce the accumulation of the raffinose series sugars at a point after galactinol biosynthesis. We conclude that stachyose plays an important role in conferring desiccation tolerance.
Tuning stubs for microstrip patch antennas (2002)

A practical method for the simultaneous tuning of both the resonant frequency and the reflection coefficient of a coaxially fed rectangular microstrip patch is described. The use of two tuning stubs allows independent adjustment of the effective patch length and the effective position of the feed point. The effective length determines the resonant frequency of the patch, while the effective position of the feed point determines the input impedance. It is demonstrated that the method allows the adjustment of the reflection coefficient of a patch to less than -60 dB at a frequency which is within 0.005% of specification.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Novel 1H-benzimidazol-4-ols with potent 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity (1987)

The synthesis and structure--activity profile of 2-substituted benzimidazol-4-ols as inhibitors of cell-free RBL-1 5-lipoxygenase are discussed, and their potency is compared with that of the standard inhibitors phenidone, AA 861, BW 755C, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid. In contrast to the standard compounds, most did not inhibit the release of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) in vivo when administered at 200 microM ip to rats subjected to peritoneal anaphylaxis, although five compounds containing a methoxylated benzyl group (compounds 36, 39, 42, and 43) or hydroxylated benzyl group (41) showed similar activity to that of phenidone, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, and AA 861. Of the many compounds tested, two, 5-tert-butyl-7-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-4-ol (57) and 2-(4-methoxybenzyl)-7-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-4-ol (36), like dexamethasone, inhibited monocyte accumulation in a pleural exudate model of inflammation. Standard lipoxygenase inhibitors such as phenidone, BW 755C, and AA 861 were inactive in this system.
Frequency ofTPR-MET rearrangement in patients with gastric carcinoma and in first-degree relatives (2000)

The data from the current study indicate that TPR-MET activation may be an early event in gastric carcinogenesis and may be useful for the identification of individuals with an increased risk of developing gastric carcinoma.