gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epidermal growth factor receptor blockade by antibody IMC‐C225 inhibits growth of a human pancreatic carcinoma xenograft in nude mice (2000)

BACKGROUND Pancreatic carcinoma is associated with a poor prognosis, and treatment options for patients with this disease are limited. The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and its ligands are overexpressed in human pancreatic carcinoma and may contribute to the pathophysiology of these tumors. METHODS The anti-EGF receptor monoclonal antibody IMC-C225 was used to determine the effects of EGF receptor blockade on the growth of human pancreatic carcinoma BxPC-3 cells in vitro. Athymic mice bearing established (200 mm3) subcutaneous BxPC-3 xenografts were treated with IMC-C225 (17 or 33 mg/kg every 3 days) alone or in combination with 5-fluorouracil (17 mg/kg twice weekly). RESULTS IMC-C225 inhibited exogenous ligand-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGF receptor on BxPC-3 tumor cells. Treatment of BxPC-3 cells with IMC-C225 inhibited DNA synthesis (23.8%) and colony formation in soft agar (45.6%). IMC-C225 treatment significantly suppressed the growth of BxPC-3 tumors compared with treatment with vehicle alone (P = 0.003). Combination therapy with IMC-C225 and the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil enhanced the antitumor effects compared with either agent alone and resulted in regression of pancreatic tumors in several animals. Histologic examination of pancreatic tumors from mice treated with IMC-C225 showed extensive tumor necrosis that coincided with a substantial decrease in tumor cell proliferation and an increase in tumor cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that IMC-C225 affects the growth of pancreatic tumors by inhibiting EGF receptor–dependent proliferation and survival, and demonstrates the potential for therapeutic application of IMC-C225 antibody in the treatment of human pancreatic carcinoma. Cancer 2000;89:74–82. © 2000 American Cancer Society.
Giant Cell Myocarditis due to Coxsackie B2 Virus Infection (1997)

Giant cell myocarditis is a rare disorder characterized by the histologic hallmark of diffuse inflammatory infiltrates with the appearance of multinucleated giant cells. We report on a 52-year-old man who died of rapidly progressive cardiogenic shock due to giant cell myocarditis. Serological and immunoblotting techniques revealed a myocardial infection with coxsackie B2 virus, suggesting a viral etiology of this disease. Here we present evidence for the involvement of autoimmune responses to the myocardium as numerous cardiomyocytes exhibited deposits of cell-adherent immunoglobulins. Although other causative factors may initiate giant cell myocarditis as well, our case suggests coxsackie B2 virus as one etiologic agent capable of triggering autoimmune reactions to altered heart tissue.
Estimating Water Reflectance at Near-Infrared Wavelengths for Turbid Water Atmospheric Correction: A Preliminary Study for GOCI-II (2020)

Atmospheric correction is a fundamental process to remove the atmospheric effect from the top-of-atmosphere level. The atmospheric correction algorithm developed by the Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology employs a near-infrared (NIR) water reflectance model to deal with non-negligible NIR water reflectance over turbid waters. This paper describes the NIR water reflectance models using visible bands of the Second Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI-II). Whereas the previous GOCI uses the 660 nm band to estimate NIR water reflectance (SR660), GOCI-II uses additional 620 and 709 nm bands, which improves estimation of NIR water reflectance. We developed two reflectance models with the additional bands based on a spectral relationship of water reflectance (SR709) and a spectral relationship of inherent optical properties (SRIOP) from red to NIR wavelengths. A preliminary validation of these two reflectance models was performed using both simulations and an in situ dataset. The validation result showed that the mean absolute percentage error of the SR709 model compared with SR660 was reduced by approximately 6% and 10% at 745 and 865 nm, respectively. Moreover, the mean absolute percentage error of the SRIOP model compared with SR660 was reduced by approximately 12% and 16% at 745 and 865 nm, respectively. Note that SR709 produces the most accurate result when there is only one sediment type, and SRIOP shows the most accurate result when various sediment types exist. Users will be able to optionally select the appropriate NIR water reflectance models in the GOCI-II atmospheric correction process to enhance the accuracy of aerosol reflectance correction over turbid waters.
Distributed fiber-optic strain and temperature sensors using photoinduced bragg gratings (1995)

Much of the analytical and computational work necessary for the development of distributed fiber-optic strain sensors using photo induced Bragg gratings is presented. The one dimensional wave equation is solved for a slowly varying sinusoidal modulation of the index of refraction. The solution is found to take the form of a fourier transform for low reflectivity Â«15%) gratings. As a result, the process can be inverted, and if the phase and amplitude of the reflected light can be measured over frequency, the phase and amplitude of the bragg grating as a function of length can be computed using the inverse fourier transform. These results are computationally verified, and then further analysis of critical engineering parameters is carried out. A measurement system and procedure are described. A method of writing long, low-reflectivity bragg grating is proposed.
Flamenco image browser (2001)

Current user interfaces for image search are not successful at supporting architects' information access needs because they 1) do not recognize the context of architectural design, and 2) require complex textual queries that often result in either too many or too few images. This paper describes a new approach: using metadata about the images to aid search by generating dynamic query previews. Previews will help users visualize the contents of the collection, aid in making queries both more general and more specific, and help them to follow an information scent through a collection by giving them hints about where to go next. This paper describes a prototype system and plans for evaluation.
Production of Human Antibodies from Transgenic Mice (2004)

Mice transgenic for human immunoglobulin genes offer the opportunity to investigators to derive fully human antibodies using well-established hybridoma technology. Several different strains of such mice are available, and can be obtained under certain conditions from various commercial entities (1–3). The brand names of these mice include XenoMouse®, HuMAb® Mouse, TC™ mouse, and KM™ mouse. The leading transgenic mice all share certain properties. These include the following:
Gene Substitution/Knockout to Delineate the Role of α2‐Adrenoceptor Subtypes in Mediating Central Effects of Catecholamines and Imidazolines (1999)

Adrenergic receptors form the interface between the sympathetic nervous system and the cardiovascular system as well as many endocrine and parenchymal tissues. For the three alpha 2-adrenergic receptors (alpha 2A, alpha 2B, and alpha 2C), genetic mouse models have been developed that can be used to elucidate the physiologic function of each receptor subtype in vivo. Different strategies for homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells were applied to generate lines of mice with gene knockouts of the individual alpha 2-receptor subtypes (alpha 2A-KO, alpha 2B-KO, and alpha 2C-KO) or with a substitution of a mutant receptor at the wild-type locus (alpha 2-D79N). In these transgenic mice, the cardiovascular effects of alpha 2-agonists and imidazoline receptor agonists were tested. Stimulation of alpha 2B receptors in vascular smooth muscle produces hypertension and counteracts the clinically beneficial hypotensive effect of stimulating alpha 2A receptors in the central nervous system.
Calculated Sputtering, Reflection and Range Values (2002)

The Monte Carlo program TRIM.SP was applied to calculate sputtering yields, reflection coefficients and mean ranges. Tables of these values are produced in the energy range from 10 eV to 300 keV and for several angles of incidence. Li, Be, B, C, Mg, Al, Si, P, Ti, Fe, Ni, Cu, Ga, Ge, Nb, Mo, Ag, In, Cs, Sm, Ta, W, Pt, Au, Hg and U are chosen as one-component target materials, BeO, B_4C, B_2O_3, B(OH)_3, TiC, WO_3, WO_4, W_xO_y as more component targets. Some examples for layered structures are also given. #mu#, H, D, T, &amp;quot;3He, &amp;quot;4He, C, N, O, Ne, Na, Mg, Al, P, Ar, K, Kr, Xe, Hg, Bi and Rn are selected as projectiles. Selfbombardment and an incident Maxwellian distribution is regarded for some cases, too. (orig.)
Identification and Structural Analysis of the A Type Receptor for Platelet-derived Growth Factor (1989)

Binding analyses using '261-labeled platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA and PDGF-BB were used to identify a clonal human glioma cell line (U-343 MGa 31L) which expresses the A type but not the B type receptor for PDGF.The glioma cells were devoid of a B type receptor transcript, and immunoprecipitation with an antiserum raised against a B type receptor peptide rendered no signal.Similar analyses using human foreskin fibroblasts, which express both A and B type PDGF receptors, revealed a B type PDGF receptor-specific 5.5-kilobase pair mRNA in a Northern blot experiment, and 160,000 and 180,000 molecular weight components upon immunoprecipitation.A second antiserum, raised against purified porcine PDGF receptor preparations, was reactive with M, 140,000 and 170,000 components in the U-343 MGa 31L cells, as well as in human fibroblasts.In addition, this antiserum precipitated the M, 160,000 and 180,000 components from the fibroblasts.Exposure of cells to PDGF-AA, as well as to PDGF-BB, induced an increased rate of degradation of the M, 170,000 component in the clonal glioma cells and in fibroblasts.The M, 180,000 component in fibroblasts was degraded only when cells were exposed to PDGF-BB.This allowed the identification of the M, 170,000 component as the cell surface expressed form of the A type receptor for PDGF.A structural relatedness between the A and B type PDGF receptors was furthermore indicated by similarities in peptide patterns, after limited proteolytic digestion.Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)' is a major mitogen in serum for connective tissue and glial cells (reviewed in Refs. 1 and 2).It is a disulfide-bonded dimer composed of A and B polypeptide chains, which are about 60% similar in their amino acid sequences (3-5).All possible combinations of A and B chains, AA, AB, and BB, have been identified and purified from platelets or transformed cells (6-13).The various isoforms of PDGF differ in their functional effects on
Bordetella parapertussis (1977)

During 1974, eight of 37 (22%) Bordetella organisms isolated from patients in Cincinnate were Bordetella parapertussis. This is in contrast to other experience in the United States where parapertussis has comprised less than5% of the Bordetella species isolated and suggest that B parapertussis infection may be more common in this country than generally recognized. The failure to appreciate the presence of this infection may result from the lack of cultures taken from children with mild disease and the failure todistinguish B parapertussis from B pertussis. Ccultures were obtained from family members of three of the children with B parapertussis, and B pertussis was isolated from members of two families, including the mother and sister of a child who died of pneumonia and encephalopathy. These cases suggest that patients with severe disease associated with B parapertussis should be carefully evaluated for the possibility of dual infection caused by b pertussis.
Computer programs to identify and classify amphipathic alpha helical domains. (1992)

The amphipathic alpha helix is an often-encountered secondary structural motif in biologically active peptides and proteins. An amphipathic helix is defined as an alpha helix with opposing polar and nonpolar faces oriented along the long axis of the helix. In a recent review article we grouped amphipathic helixes into seven distinct classes (A, H, L, G, K, C, and M) based upon a detailed analysis of their physical-chemical and structural properties (Segrest, J. P., et al. Amphipathic helix motif: classes and properties. Proteins. 1990. 8: 103-117). We have developed five computer programs that automate analysis and classification of potential amphipathic helical domains from primary amino acid sequence data. Here we describe these five programs and illustrate their usefulness by comparing two data sets of sequences representing different amphipathic alpha helical motifs from the exchangeable apolipoproteins. In a companion review article (Segrest, J. P., et al. The amphipathic helix in the exchangeable apolipoproteins: a review of secondary structure and function. J. Lipid Res. 1992. 33: 000-000) these five programs are used to localize and characterize the putative amphipathic helixes in the exchangeable apolipoproteins.
Cryptographic solution to a problem of access control in a hierarchy (1983)

A scheme based on cryptography is proposed for access control in a system where hierarchy is represented by a partially ordered set (or poset). Straightforward implementation of the scheme requires users highly placed in the hierarchy to store a large number of cryptographic keys. A timeversus-storage trade-off is then described for addressing this key management problem.
G Proteins in Signal Transduction (1990)

Over the past two decades, deadly coronaviruses, with the most recent being the severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) 2019 pandemic, have majorly challenged public health. The path for virus invasion into humans and other ...Read More
Hierarchical Assembly of Nanoparticle Superstructures from Block Copolymer-Nanoparticle Composites (2008)

We investigate the assembly of block copolymer-nanoparticle composite films on chemically nanopatterned substrates and present fully three-dimensional simulations of a coarse grain model for these hybrid systems. The location and distribution of nanoparticles within the ordered block copolymer domains depends on the thermodynamic state of the composite in equilibrium with the surface. Hierarchical assembly of nanoparticles enables applications in which the ability to precisely control their locations within periodic and nonregular geometry patterns and arrays is required.
Subcellular and Cell-Cycle Expression Profiles of CDK-Inhibitors in Normal Differentiating Myeloid Cells (1999)

Abstract A central question in hematopoiesis is how cell-cycling behavior changes during the emergence of the differentiated state. To further understand what genetic regulators might couple proliferation status to differentiation, we studied the expression of the cell-cycle inhibitors p21 and p27 during the in vitro differentiation of normal CD34+ blast cells along the myeloid lineage. We find p27 but not p21 to be expressed in freshly harvested resting CD34+ cells. Thereafter, p21 levels peak concurrent with cellular proliferation and then decline in expression as cells undergo terminal differentiation. In contrast, p27 levels are fairly constant but the subcellular localization of p27 changes from nuclear expression to predominantly cytoplasmic expression and finally to perinuclear localization at progressive stages of differentiation. This report discusses the implications of these findings.
Intramolecular Suzuki–Miyaura Reaction for the Total Synthesis of Signal Peptidase Inhibitors, Arylomycins A2 and B2 (2010)

Development of the total syntheses of arylomycins A(1) and B(2) is detailed. Key features of our approach include 1) formation of 14-membered meta,meta-cyclophane by an intramolecular Suzuki-Miyaura reaction; 2) incorporation of N-Me-4-hydroxyphenylglycine into the cyclization precursor, which avoids the late-stage low-yielding N-methylation step; 3) segment coupling of a fully elaborated peptide side chain to the macrocycle, which makes the synthesis highly convergent. Overall, arylomycin A(2) was obtained in 13 steps from L-Tyr for the longest linear sequence, in 13 % overall yield. Arylomycin B(2) was synthesized in 10 steps from L-3-nitro-Tyr, in 10 % overall yield.
Automatic linearization of nonlinear skinning (2009)

Linear blending is a very popular skinning technique for virtual characters, even though it does not always generate realistic deformations. Recently, nonlinear blending techniques (such as dual quaternions) have been proposed in order to improve upon the deformation quality of linear skinning. The trade-off consists of the increased vertex deformation time and the necessity to redesign parts of the 3D engine. In this paper, we demonstrate that any nonlinear skinning technique can be approximated to an arbitrary degree of accuracy by linear skinning, using just a few samples of the nonlinear blending function (virtual bones). We propose an algorithm to compute this linear approximation in an automatic fashion, requiring little or no interaction with the user. This enables us to retain linear skinning at the core of our 3D engine without compromising the visual quality or character setup costs.
Erythropoietin: Multiple Physiological Functions and Regulation of Biosynthesis (2000)

Erythropoietin (Epo), which is produced by the kidney in the adult and by the liver in the fetus, increases red blood cells by supporting the survival of erythroid progenitor cells and stimulating their differentiation and proliferation via binding to Epo receptor (EpoR). The main signal in the control of Epo production is oxygen; hypoxia stimulates Epo production through activation of Epo gene transcription. Tremendous progress in our understanding of molecular mechanisms of Epo action on erythroid cells and regulation of the Epo production has been made by manipulation of cDNAs and genes of Epo and EpoR. Studies on hypoxic induction of Epo gene transcription led to the identification of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1), a transcriptional factor, that functions as a global regulator of hypoxic gene expression. Paracrine Epo/EpoR systems that are independent of the endocrine erythropoietic system (kidney/bone marrow) have been found in the central nervous system and uterus. Novel functions of Epo at these local sites and tissue-specific regulation of Epo production including a newly found potent regulator (estrogen) have been proposed. The tissue-specific regulation rationalizes the specific functions of Epo produced by individual tissues.
Development of a Yeast Trihybrid Screen Using Stable Yeast Strains and Regulated Protein Expression (1998)

We describe a yeast trihybrid system that facilitates rapid screening of cDNA libraries. Novel yeast vectors were developed that direct integration of cDNA encoding the bait and third protein component into the yeast chromosome. A recombinant yeast strain is thus generated (screening strain) and is available for library transformation. Transformation with the library DNA is a single, efficient transformation event, allowing the cDNA library to be represented in one step. Recovery of the library plasmid from the yeast is also simplified, since it is the only episomal plasmid. Assay of trihybrid interaction and identification of positive clones is facilitated by regulating expression of the third protein component using the yeast MET3 promoter, which is repressed in the presence of exogenous methionine. Trihybrid interactions are detected only on media lacking methionine. This trihybrid system uses the standard E. coli LacZ and yeast HIS3 reporter genes and is compatible with most available Gal4 activation domain cDNA libraries. We describe the successful application of this yeast trihybrid system to the study of phosphoprotein interactions involved in T-cell signaling.
Integral floating display systems for augmented reality (2012)

Novel integral floating three-dimensional (3D) display methods are proposed for implementing an augmented reality (AR) system. The 3D display for AR requires a long-range focus depth and a see-though property. A system that adopts a concave lens instead of a convex lens is proposed for realizing the integral floating system with a long working distance using a reduced pixel pitch of the elemental image. An investigation that reveals that the location of the central depth plane is restricted by the pixel pitch of the display device is presented. An optical see-through system using a convex half mirror is also proposed for providing 3D images with a proper accommodation response. The concepts of the proposed methods are explained and the validity of system is proved by the experimental results.
Heat-shock protein-based vaccines for cancer and infectious disease (2008)

Almost 60 years ago, the pioneering work of George Klein and others showed that cancers could be made targets for the immune system. Identification of the tumor targets, known as tumor antigens, became a focus in cancer biology that led to the discovery of the immunological properties of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) in 1986 by Pramod Srivastava and colleagues. Since then, the use of HSPs in the therapeutics of cancer and infectious disease in several clinical trials has been guided by our understanding of the role and effects of HSPs in adaptive and innate immune responses, investigated primarily in mice. This review will highlight the immunological properties of HSPs as we understand them today and review the clinical work on human cancers. Several Phase I and II clinical trials in different types of cancer that have been completed, as well as ongoing Phase III trials, will be summarized.
The Drosophila Ste20-related kinase misshapen is required for embryonic dorsal closure and acts through a JNK MAPK module on an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway (1998)

Dorsal closure in the Drosophila embryo occurs during the later stages of embryogenesis and involves changes in cell shape leading to the juxtaposition and subsequent adherence of the lateral epidermal primordia over the amnioserosa. Dorsal closure requires the activation of a conserved c-jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) module, as it is blocked by null mutations in JNK kinase [hemipterous (hep)] and JNK [basket (bsk)]. Drosophila JNK (DJNK) functions by phosphorylating and activating DJun, which in turn induces the transcription of decapentaplegic (dpp). We provide biochemical and genetic evidence that a Ste20-related kinase, misshapen (msn), functions upstream of hep and bsk to stimulate dorsal closure in the Drosophila embryo. Mammalian (NCK-interacting kinase [NIK]) and Caenorhabditis elegans (mig-15) homologs of msn have been identified; mig-15 is necessary for several developmental processes in C. elegans. These data suggest that msn, mig-15, and NIK are components of a signaling pathway that is conserved among flies, worms, and mammals to control developmentally regulated pathways.