gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[99mTc]Oxotechnetium(V) Complexes of Amine-Amide-Dithiol Chelates with Dialkylaminoalkyl Substituents as Potential Diagnostic Probes for Malignant Melanoma (2001)

[99mTc]oxotechnetium(V) complexes of amine-amide-dithiol (AADT) chelates containing tertiary amine substituents were synthesized and shown to have affinity for melanoma. For complexation the AADT-CH2[CH2]nNR2 (n = 1, 2; R = Et, n-Bu) ligand was mixed with a [99mTc]oxotechnetium(V)-glucoheptonate precursor to make the AADT-[99mTc]oxotechnetium(V) complexes in nearly quantitative yield. Structurally analogous nonradioactive oxorhenium(V) complexes were also synthesized and characterized. In vitro sigma-receptor affinity measurements indicate these complexes to possess sigma-affinity in the low micromolar range with K(i) values in the 7.8-26.1 and 0.18-2.3 microM range for the sigma1- and sigma2-receptors, respectively. In vitro cell uptake of the 99mTc complexes in intact B16 murine melanoma cells at 37 degrees C after a 60-min incubation ranged from 12% for complex 2 (n = 1, R = n-Bu) to 68% for complex 4 (n = 2, R = n-Bu). In vivo evaluation of complexes 1-Tc-4-Tc in the C57Bl/B16 mouse melanoma model demonstrated significant tumor localization. Complex 1-Tc (n = 1, R = Et) displayed an in vivo tumor uptake of 7.6% ID/g at 1 h after administration with initial melanoma/blood (M/B), melanoma/spleen (M/S), and melanoma/lung (M/L) ratios >4; these ratios increased to 10.8, 10.1, and 7.3, respectively, at 6 h. While complex 3-Tc (n = 3, R = Et) had an initial tumor uptake of 3.7% ID/g 1 h after administration with M/B, M/S, and M/L ratios >2, a greater tumor retention and slightly faster clearance from nontumor-containing organs resulted in M/B, M/S, and M/L ratios of 19.1, 19.1, and 12.7, respectively, at 6 h. The high tumor uptake and significant tumor/nontumor ratios indicate that such small technetium-99m-based molecular probes can be developed as in vivo diagnostic agents for melanoma and its metastases.
Study on Water-based Fire Extinguishing Agent Formulations and Properties (2012)

Abstract This article uses the orthogonal experimental method to explore seven kinds of additives, including the fluorocarbon surfactant, hydrocarbon surfactant, chelating agents, anti-burning agents, emulsifiers, thickeners and antifreeze, with different content ratio of water-based extinguishing agent studying the impact of fire extinguishing performance. Get the best theoretical formula by using standard combustion room to simulate the extinguishing process of gasoline fire. The affect size of extinguishing time of those additives is hydrocarbon surfactant> chelating agents> fluorocarbon surfactant> emulsifiers> anti-burning agents> thickeners> antifreeze. According to the national standards for the test methods, the pH, stability, sediment, surface tension, fire performance of the best theoretical formula are consistent with the requirements of national standards. The article also verifies the feasibility of the orthogonal experiment method in dealing with such issues.
In vivo expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in experimentally induced neurologic diseases. (1993)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA in the brain tissue of rats and mice under the following experimental conditions: in rats infected with borna disease virus and rabies virus, in mice infected with herpes simplex virus, and in rats after the induction of experimental allergic encephalitis. The results showed that iNOS mRNA, normally nondetectable in the brain, was present in animals after viral infection or after induction of experimental allergic encephalitis. The induction of iNOS mRNA coincided with the severity of clinical signs and in some cases with the presence of inflammatory cells in the brain. The results indicate that nitric oxide produced by cells induced by iNOS may be the toxic factor accounting for cell damage and this may open the door to approaches to the study of the pathogenesis of neurological diseases.
A comparative study on the re-documentation of existing software: code annotations vs. drawing editors (2005)

During software evolution, programmers spend a lot of time and effort in the comprehension of the internal code structure. Such an activity is often required because the available documentation is not aligned with the implementation, if not missing at all. In order to avoid wasting the time devoted to this activity, programmers can record the knowledge they have gained in the form of multiple, structural views that address the specific aspects of the system that they have considered. Re-documentation of existing software through design views can be achieved either using a drawing editor or annotating the source code. In the first case, diagrams are produced interactively, starting from the reverse engineered information. In the second case, diagrams are produced by an annotation processing tool. Most of current reverse engineering tools fall into the first case but they have serious limitations in the information they can recover automatically and they eventually require human intervention. The aim of the empirical work reported in this paper is the comparison of these two approaches, in order to understand which is easier to use and which the current limitations of both of them are
Risk Factors and Control Strategies for the Rapidly Rising Rate of Breast Cancer in Korea (2011)

Due to the aging population and tremendous changes in life style over the past decades, cancer has been the leading cause of death in Korea. The incidence rate of breast cancer is the second highest in Korea, and it has shown an annual increase of 6.8% for the past 6 years. The major risk factors of breast cancer in Korean women are as follows: Early menarche, late menopause, late full-term pregnancy (FTP), and low numbers of FTP. Height and body mass index increased the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women only. There are ethnic variations in breast cancer due to the differences in genetic susceptibility or exposure to etiologic agent. With the epidemiological evidences on the possibility of further increase of breast cancer in Korea, the Korean Government began implementing the National Cancer Screening Program against breast cancer in 2002. Five-year survival rates for female breast cancer have improved significantly from 78.0% in early 1993-1995 to 90.0% in 2004-2008. This data indicate that improvement of the survival rate may be partially due to the early diagnosis of breast cancer as well as the increased public awareness about the significance of early detection and organized cancer screening program. The current primary prevention programs are geared towards strengthening national prevention campaigns. In accordance with the improvement in 5-year survival rate, the overall cancer mortality has started to decrease. However, breast cancer death rate and incidence rates are still increasing, which need further organized effort by the Korean Government.
P-Type Polymer-Hybridized High-Performance Piezoelectric Nanogenerators (2012)

Enhancing the output power of a nanogenerator is essential in applications as a sustainable power source for wireless sensors and microelectronics. We report here a novel approach that greatly enhances piezoelectric power generation by introducing a p-type polymer layer on a piezoelectric semiconducting thin film. Holes at the film surface greatly reduce the piezoelectric potential screening effect caused by free electrons in a piezoelectric semiconducting material. Furthermore, additional carriers from a conducting polymer and a shift in the Fermi level help in increasing the power output. Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) was used as a p-type polymer on piezoelectric semiconducting zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film, and phenyl-C(61)-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) was added to P3HT to improve carrier transport. The ZnO/P3HT:PCBM-assembled piezoelectric power generator demonstrated 18-fold enhancement in the output voltage and tripled the current, relative to a power generator with ZnO only at a strain of 0.068%. The overall output power density exceeded 0.88 W/cm(3), and the average power conversion efficiency was up to 18%. This high power generation enabled red, green, and blue light-emitting diodes to turn on after only tens of times bending the generator. This approach offers a breakthrough in realizing a high-performance flexible piezoelectric energy harvester for self-powered electronics.
Calibration techniques of active BiCMOS mixers (2002)

This paper describes calibration techniques for downconversion mixers used in integrated direct-conversion receivers. A method of achieving a high even-order intermodulation rejection is presented. Using the method presented, the receiver second-order input intercept point (IIP2) can always be improved by more than 20 dB. The minimum achieved receiver IIP2 after calibration is +38 dBm. A technique to enhance the I/Q-amplitude balance between the quadrature channels is also introduced. A single-balanced adjustable mixer is implemented as a part of a prototype direct-conversion receiver. The receiver chip consists of a low-noise amplifier, mixers and calibration circuitry, a divide-by-two circuit, local oscillator (LO) buffers for LO generation, and active baseband filters. The chip is fabricated using a 0.35-/spl mu/m SiGe BiCMOS process and is characterized at 900 MHz.
Differential Attachment by Piliated and Nonpiliated Neisseria gonorrhoeae to Human Sperm (1974)

Piliated type 1 Neisseria gonorrhoeae attached to 50% of human sperm after incubation of mixtures in vitro for 15 min at 35 C. In contrast, nonpiliated type 4 N. gonorrhoeae attached to only 23% of sperm. Similar results were obtained with three different strains of N. gonorrhoeae. Treatment with heat or formaldehyde to kill bacteria did not affect the amount of attachment by piliated or nonpiliated types. Escherichia coli and N. subflava, other species of piliated bacteria, attached to about 40% of sperm, and the nonpiliated species N. meningitidis and N. catarrhalis attached to a comparable number of sperm, as did type 4 N. gonorrhoeae. Prior incubation of type 1 N. gonorrhoeae with purified antibody prepared against gonococcal pili reduced the percentage of sperm with attached bacteria to the same level as that for nonpiliated type 4 gonococci. Similar treatment of other piliated organisms or of nonpiliated Neisseria did not affect the attachment of the bacteria to sperm.
Regulation of squalene epoxidase in HepG2 cells. (1990)

Regulation of squalene epoxidase in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway was studied in a human hepatoma cell line, HepG2 cells. Since the squalene epoxidase activity in cell homogenates was found to be stimulated by the addition of Triton X-100, enzyme activity was determined in the presence of this detergent. Incubation of HepG2 cells for 18 h with L-654,969, a potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, increased squalene epoxidase activity dose-dependently. On the other hand, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and 25-hydroxy-cholesterol decreased the enzyme activity. These results demonstrate that squalene epoxidase is regulated by the concentrations of endogenous and exogenous sterols. The affinity of the enzyme for squalene was not changed by treatment with L-654,969. Cytosolic (S105) fractions, prepared from HepG2 cells treated with or without L-654,969, had no effect on microsomal squalene epoxidase activity of HepG2 cells, in contrast to the stimulating effect of S105 fractions from rat liver homogenate. Mevalonate, LDL, and oxysterol treatment abolished the effect of L-654,969. Simultaneous addition of cycloheximide and actinomycin D also prevented enzyme induction in HepG2 cells. From these results, the change in squalene epoxidase activity is thought to be caused by the change in the amount of enzyme protein. It is further suggested that squalene epoxidase activity is suppressed only by sterols, not by nonsterol derivative(s) of mevalonate, in contrast to the regulation of HMG-CoA reductase.
Identification, Purification, and Characterization of a Soluble Interleukin (IL)-13-binding Protein (1997)

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) are structurally and functionally related cytokines which play an important role in the regulation of the immune response to infection. The functional similarity of IL-4 and IL-13 can be explained, at least in part, by the common components that form their cell surface receptors, namely the IL-4 receptor alpha-chain (IL-4Ralpha) and the IL-13 receptor alpha-chain (IL-13Ralpha). Soluble forms of the IL-4Ralpha have also been described and implicated in modulating the effect of IL-4. In this paper we describe the presence of a 45,000-50,000 Mr IL-13-binding protein (IL-13BP) in the serum and urine of mice. This protein binds IL-13 with a 100-300-fold higher affinity (KD = 20-90 pM) than does the cloned IL-13Ralpha (KD = 3-10 nM). In addition to this functional difference, the IL-13BP appears to be structurally and antigenically distinct from the IL-13Ralpha. Finally, unlike the cloned receptor, the IL-13BP acts as a potent inhibitor of IL-13 binding to its cell surface receptor, raising the possibility that it may be used to modulate the effects of IL-13 in vivo.
20-fs pulse shaping with a 512-element phase-only liquid crystal modulator (2001)

We report pulse shaping experiments in the 20-fs range using a 512-element phase-only liquid crystal modulator array. The results demonstrate the potential for significantly improved spectral resolution compared to 128-element liquid crystal modulators previously used for pulse shaping. Furthermore, we show that subtle nonlinear spatial dispersion has a profound effect on replica pulses arising due to the pixellated nature of the liquid crystal modulator and may dramatically reduce their (already low) peak intensity.
Studies of the effectiveness of interferon alpha treatment for chronic hepatitis C in children. (2001)

Because of a little efficacy, high costs, psychological load of young patients and possible following consequences of the interferon alpha therapy it is necessary to manage the further researches to find a new method of treatment of chronic C hepatitis. High ALT activity and elevated IL-2 level before treatment seems to be predictive factors of the good response to interferon alpha therapy.
Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus with Ribosomal Mutations Conferring Resistance to Macrolides (2002)

Six strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from cystic fibrosis patients after treatment with azithromycin were cross-resistant to azithromycin and erythromycin. None of the isolates contained erm or msr(A) genes, but they all carried either A2058G/U or A2059G mutations within the rrl genes, with a majority of the rRNA copies bearing the mutation. One strain displayed an additional mutation in the rplV gene, encoding the L22 ribosomal protein.
MONKEYPOX ZOONOTIC ASSOCIATIONS: INSIGHTS FROM LABORATORY EVALUATION OF ANIMALS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MULTI-STATE US OUTBREAK (2007)

At the onset of the 2003 US monkeypox outbreak, virologic data were unavailable regarding which animal species were involved with virus importation and/or subsequent transmission to humans and whether there was a risk for establishment of zoonotic monkeypox in North America. Similarly, it was unclear which specimens would be best for virus testing. Monkeypox DNA was detected in at least 33 animals, and virus was cultured from 22. Virus-positive animals included three African species associated with the importation event (giant pouched rats, Cricetomys spp.; rope squirrels, Funisciuris sp.; and dormice, Graphiuris sp.). Virologic evidence from North American prairie dogs (Cynomys sp.) was concordant with their suspected roles as vectors for human monkeypox. Multiple tissues were found suitable for DNA detection and/or virus isolation. These data extend the potential host range for monkeypox virus infection and supports concern regarding the potential for establishment in novel reservoir species and ecosystems.
Positional Cloning of the Mouse Saccharin Preference (Sac) Locus (2001)

Differences in sweetener intake among inbred strains of mice are partially determined by allelic variation of the saccharin preference (Sac) locus. Genetic and physical mapping limited a critical genomic interval containing Sac to a 194 kb DNA fragment. Sequencing and annotation of this region identified a gene (Tas1r3) encoding the third member of the T1R family of putative taste receptors, T1R3. Introgression by serial backcrossing of the 194 kb chromosomal fragment containing the Tas1r3 allele from the high-sweetener-preferring C57BL/6ByJ strain onto the genetic background of the low-sweetener-preferring 129P3/J strain rescued its low-sweetener-preference phenotype. Polymorphisms of Tas1r3 that are likely to have functional significance were identified using analysis of genomic sequences and sweetener-preference phenotypes of genealogically distant mouse strains. Tas1r3 has two common haplotypes, consisting of six single nucleotide polymorphisms: one haplotype was found in mouse strains with elevated sweetener preference and the other in strains relatively indifferent to sweeteners. This study provides compelling evidence that Tas1r3 is equivalent to the Sac locus and that the T1R3 receptor responds to sweeteners.
Non-byzantine clock synchronization—a programming experiment (1988)

article Free Access Share on Non-byzantine clock synchronization—a programming experiment Author: Neil W. Rickert Northern Illinois University, DeKalb Northern Illinois University, DeKalbView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems ReviewVolume 22Issue 1Jan., 1988 pp 73–78https://doi.org/10.1145/43921.43926Online:03 January 1988Publication History 7citation136DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations7Total Downloads136Last 12 Months6Last 6 weeks3 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Potential of Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors in Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (2004)

Tumor necrosis factor plays a major role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and PsA, and TNF antagonists provide clinicians with a worthy alternative to traditional therapies, which are associated with toxic effects and poor compliance.
Interface electronic structure of Ta2O5–Al2O3 alloys for Si-field-effect transistor gate dielectric applications (2002)

Interfacial electronic structure is important for a fundamental understanding of the properties of field-effect transistor (FET) device structure systems. Previous studies using soft x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (SXPS) have demonstrated well-defined interface states that appear at binding energies between the peaks due to the substrate Si and the oxide SiO2. Recently we have shown that significant interface changes with annealing for the SiO2/Si system commonly used for FET gate dielectrics illustrating the effectiveness of SXPS for the current study. The present article presents SXPS studies using synchrotron radiation of the electronic structure at the interface between Ta2O5–Al2O3 alloys and Si(111). This system is typical of FET alternative-gate-oxide films and has an electronic structure characteristic of high-k gate dielectrics. Thin films (&amp;lt;20 Å) of Ta2O5–Al2O3 alloys were carefully prepared using remote plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition on Si(111). For this study, SXPS spectra were taken for the Si 2p, Al 2p, and Ta 4f core levels. The Si 2p SXPS data confirm that SiO2 is formed at the Si interface during deposition for all alloys (in agreement with previously published results) and that the Si interface is qualitatively similar to SiO2/Si samples. The binding energy of the Si4+ Si 2p3/2 core level varies significantly for our alloy samples and this is interpreted as a screening effect rather than being due to Ta or Al silicate formation. The Al 2p and Ta 4f SXPS core level peak positions reveal screening effects. For these data, line shape analysis also supports alloy homogeneity as independently determined by Auger electron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
The Asparagine-linked Oligosaccharides of the Human Chorionic Gonadotropin β Subunit Facilitate Correct Disulfide Bond Pairing (1995)

The role of asparagine (N)-linked oligosaccharide chains in intracellular folding of the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-beta subunit was determined by examining the kinetics of folding in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with wild-type or mutant hCG-beta genes lacking one or both of the asparagine glycosylation sites. The half-time for folding of p beta 1 into p beta 2, the rate-determining step in beta folding, was 7 min for wild-type beta but 33 min for beta lacking both N-linked glycans. The p beta 1-->p beta 2 half-time was 7.5 min in CHO cells expressing the beta subunit missing the Asn13-linked glycan and 10 min for the beta subunit missing the Asn30-linked glycan. The inefficient folding of hCG-beta lacking both N-linked glycans correlated with the slow formation of the last three disulfide bonds (i.e. disulfides 23-72, 93-100, and 26-110) to form in the hCG-beta-folding pathway. Unglycosylated hCG-beta was slowly secreted from CHO cells, and beta subunit-folding intermediates retained in cells for more than 5 h were degraded into a hCG-beta core fragment-like protein. However, coexpression of the hCG-alpha gene enhanced folding and formation of disulfide bonds 23-72, 93-100, and 26-110 of hCG-beta lacking N-linked glycans. In addition, the molecular chaperones BiP, ERp72, and ERp94, but not calnexin, were found in a complex with unglycosylated, unfolded hCG-beta and may be involved in the folding of this beta form. These data indicate that N-linked oligosaccharides assist hCG-beta subunit folding by facilitating disulfide bond formation.
Ökonomik der Steuerungs- und Regelungsmöglichkeiten des Mediensystems — Rezipientenorientierung der Kontrolle (1999)

Aus ökonomischer Sicht ist prinzipiell der Rezipient der angemessene Kontrolleur der Medienproduktion. Dies entspricht dem ökonomischen Basispostulat des normativen methodologischen Individualismus. Allerdings stößt eine Rezipientenorientierung der Steuerung und Regelung des Mediensystems auf eine Reihe von Problemen, die im Rahmen der Ökonomie mit dem Paradigma von Markt, Marktversagen und Politikversagen konzeptionell erfasst werden (Abschnitt 2). Dieses Konzept, mit der jedenfalls grundsätzlichen Akzeptanz der Rezipientenkontrolle, kann aber nicht vorbehaltlos auf alle Bereiche der Medienproduktion angewendet werden (Abschnitt 3). Das Ergebnis dieser Überlegungen ist ein normatives duales System der Medienproduktion, in dessen einem Teil der ökonomische Wettbewerb als Steuerungs- und Regelungsverfahren grundsätzlich akzeptiert wird und in dessen anderem Teil nach Alternativen in Form eines publizistischen Wettbewerbs gesucht werden muss (Abschnitt 4). Überlegungen zur Organisation des dualen Systems der Medienproduktion in Form eines Forumbereiches (Abschnitt 5) und in Form eines Gebrauchswertbereiches (Abschnitt 6) schließen diesen Beitrag ab. Dass eine solche Trennung schwierig aber gleichwohl notwendig ist, zeigt die immer weiter zunehmende „Ökonomisierung“ des Mediensystems, die nur in einer strikten funktionalen Trennung überwunden werden kann (Abschnitt 1).