gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure of host‐odour plumes influences catch of Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Aedes aegypti in a dual‐choice olfactometer (2001)

Summary The effects of structure, concentration and composition of host‐odour plumes on catch of female Anopheles gambiae Giles sensu stricto and Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) were investigated in a dual‐choice olfactometer. We demonstrate that the fine‐scale structure of host‐odour plumes modulates capture of An. gambiae and Ae. aegypti . In both species homogeneous skin‐odour plumes result in trap entry, whereas homogeneous CO 2 plumes reduce trap catch. Reduced trap catch also result from combining skin odour with a homogeneous CO 2 plume. Trap capture rates in homogeneous CO 2 plumes were concentration‐dependent and differed between the two species. Electric nets placed in front of the trap entrances intercepted mosquitoes before they could enter the traps. This showed that An. gambiae flew along CO 2 plumes, but did not enter the traps. Survivorship analysis of the trap‐entry times of Ae. aegypti indicated interactions between the time until capture and treatment. The assay's duration therefore can alter the distribution in a dual‐choice olfactometer.
Restriction Maps of Five Autographa californica M NPV Variants, Trichoplusia ni M NPV, and Galleria mellonella M NPV DNAs with Endonucleases Sma I, Kpn I, Bam HI, Sac I, Xho I, and Eco RI (1979)

The restriction sites of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) E2 DNA were mapped for the endonucleases SmaI, KpnI, BamHI, SacI, XhoI, and EcoRI. The restriction maps of four other AcMNPV variants, Trichoplusia ni (TnMNPV), and Galleria mellonella (GmMNPV) genomes were determined and compared to the endonuclease cleavage maps of AcMNPV E2 DNA. The viral structural polypeptides of AcMNPV variants S3, E2, S1, M3, and R9 were the same when analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The major structural polypeptides of GmMNPV and TnMNPV had the same pattern in polyacrylamide gels as did AcMNPV structural polypeptides. GmMNPV and TnMNPV had several minor structural protein differences as compared with AcMNPV. AcMNPV variants, TnMNPV, and GmMNPV were distinct but with very similar genomes and protein structures.
Microcontact Printing of Proteins (2000)

The direct patterning of biomolecules on a solid substrate can be achieved using microcontact printing, a method that has been very successfully adopted for the precise and gentle transfer of proteins and lipid bilayers from stamp to substrate in 1 s, without loss of biological activity. The image shown was produced by patterning 16 different proteins onto the polystyrene surface of a cell culture dish using a stamp inked by means of a microfluidic network.
Säureamid‐Reaktionen, L; Orthoamide, I Darstellung und Eigenschaften der Amidacetale und Aminalester (1968)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung von N . N ‐Dialkylformamid‐Dialkylsulfat‐Addukten mit Alkoholaten in Alkohol oder durch Umacetalisierung einfacher oder gemischter N . N ‐Dialkylformamid‐dialkylacetale mit Alkoholen erhält man N . N ‐Dialkylformamid‐dialkylacetale (Amidacetale); die bei der Umsetzung der N . N ‐Dialkylformamid‐Dialkylsulfat‐Addukte mit Dimethylamin erhaltenen N . N . N ′. N ′.‐Tetramethyl‐formamidinium‐methylsulfate lassen sich mit alkoholfreien Alkoholaten zu den Bis‐dimethylamino‐alkoxy‐methanen (Aminalester) umsetzen.
Avaliação das Experiências de Educação de Jovens e Adultos de Santa Catarina (1993)

Para avaliar as experiencias de educacao basica de jovens e adultos foi desenvolvida, nos anos 1989-1990, esta pesquisa com representantes da Secretaria de Estado da Educacao e Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina engajados no processo de definicao de novas politicas para a alfabetizacao e a educacao basica de jovens e adultos. Considerando que nos ultimos anos vem aumentando a busca pela escola supletiva, principalmente por alunos oriundos do ensino publico que ficaram a margem ou passaram pelo processo escolar sem completar a alfabetizacao e a educacao basica, pretende-se analisar questoes que dizem respeito a qualidade fisica e pedagogica das escolas supletivas de 1o grau e as suas condicoes de ensino. Assim, foram amostradas 14 escolas de ensino supletivo, nove responsaveis tecnico-administrativos, 49 professores e 290 alunos. Das 14 escolas amostradas, cinco sao escolas particulares, oito estaduais e uma federal. Visando o alcance dos objetivos da pesquisa, foram levantadas informacoes sobre as caracteristicas gerais das escolas e sua organizacao (planejamento, supervisao e avaliacao); as caracteristicas individuais dos alunos (situacao de trabalho, relacao trabalho/curso de rendimento escolar); e as caracteristicas do professor (dados de identificacao, situacao funcional, formacao e experiencia de trabalho).
The human GRB2 and Drosophila Drk genes can functionally replace the Caenorhabditis elegans cell signaling gene sem-5. (1993)

Mutations in the Caenorhabditis elegans gene sem-5 affect cell signaling processes involved in guiding a class of cell migrations and inducing vulval cell fates. The sem-5 sequence encodes a protein comprised almost exclusively of SH2 and SH3 domains (SH, src homology region) that are found together in many signaling proteins and nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. A human protein, GRB2, was identified by its ability to associate with the activated human epidermal growth factor receptor (hEGFR). The GRB2 and Sem-5 proteins share an identical architecture of their SH2 and SH3 domains and 58% amino acid sequence identity. Here we demonstrate that GRB2 and a Drosophila sem-5-like gene Drk can specifically rescue sem-5 mutants. We also show that Sem-5, like GRB2, can bind to the activated hEGFR in vitro. We further correlate the abilities of several mutant variants of GRB2 and Sem-5 to bind to the hEGFR in vitro with their abilities to functionally replace sem-5 in vivo. These data indicate that GRB2 and Drk are functional homologues of Sem-5 and demonstrate the high degree of conservation of both structure and function between signaling systems throughout evolution.
The evolution of Java security (1998)

This paper provides a high-level overview of the development and evolution of Java™ security. Java is a maturing technology that has evolved from its commercial origins as a browser-based scripting tool. We review the various deployment environments in which Java is being targeted, some of its run-time characteristics, the security features in the current releases of the base technology, the new Java Development Kit (JDK™) 1.2 policy-based security model, limitations of stack-based authorization security models, general security requirements, and future directions that Java security might take. IBM initiatives in Java security take into account our customers' desire to deploy Java-based enterprise solutions. Since JDK 1.2 was entering beta test at the time this paper was written, some operational changes and enhancements may result from industry feedback by the time JDK 1.2 becomes generally available.
Electromechanical analysis of infarct border zone in chronic myocardial infarction (2005)

To test the hypothesis that alterations in electrical activation sequence contribute to depressed systolic function in the infarct border zone, we examined the anatomic correlation of abnormal electromechanics and infarct geometry in the canine post-myocardial infarction (MI) heart, using a high-resolution MR-based cardiac electromechanical mapping technique. Three to eight weeks after an MI was created in six dogs, a 247-electrode epicardial sock was placed over the ventricular epicardium under thoracotomy. MI location and geometry were evaluated with delayed hyperenhancement MRI. Three-dimensional systolic strains in epicardial and endocardial layers were measured in five short-axis slices with motion-tracking MRI (displacement encoding with stimulated echoes). Epicardial electrical activation was determined from sock recordings immediately before and after the MR scans. The electrodes and MR images were spatially registered to create a total of 160 nodes per heart that contained mechanical, transmural infarct extent, and electrical data. The average depth of the infarct was 55% (SD 11), and the infarct covered 28% (SD 6) of the left ventricular mass. Significantly delayed activation (>mean + 2SD) was observed within the infarct zone. The strain map showed abnormal mechanics, including abnormal stretch and loss of the transmural gradient of radial, circumferential, and longitudinal strains, in the region extending far beyond the infarct zone. We conclude that the border zone is characterized by abnormal mechanics directly coupled with normal electrical depolarization. This indicates that impaired function in the border zone is not contributed by electrical factors but results from mechanical interaction between ischemic and normal myocardium.
Breakthrough Infections during Phase 1 and 2 Prime‐Boost HIV‐1 Vaccine Trials with Canarypox Vectors (ALVAC) and Booster Dose of Recombinant gp120 or gp160 (2004)

Candidate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 vaccines that elicit cytotoxic T lymphocytes may modulate HIV infection, requiring a prototype evaluation to assess participants who become infected with HIV. Of 1497 participants in canarypox HIV-1 vaccine prime-boost trials, 28 (1.9%) acquired HIV-1 infection after vaccination. Median plasma HIV-1 RNA levels (vaccinees, 4.78 log10 copies/mL; placebo recipients, 4.27 log10 copies/mL) and CD4 cell counts (vaccinees, 552 cells/mm3; placebo recipients, 657 cells/mm3) before administration of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and time to a composite end point (plasma HIV-1 RNA level >55,000 copies/mL, CD4 cell count <350 cells/mm3, or initiation of ART) did not differ significantly between vaccinees and placebo recipients (P =.4, P =.1, and P =.7, respectively). Persons who acquire HIV-1 infection while enrolled in HIV-1 vaccine trials can be successfully followed after infection, to determine whether vaccines alter the course of HIV-1 infection.
Morphants: a new systematic vertebrate functional genomics approach (2000)

The vertebrate genome contains a predicted 50 000-100 000 genes, many of unknown function. The recent development of morpholino-based gene knock-down technology in zebrafish has opened the door to the genome-wide assignment of function based on sequence in a model vertebrate. This review describes technical aspects of morpholino use for functional genomics applications, including the potential for multigene targeting and known methodological limitations. The result of successful gene inactivation by this agent is proposed to yield embryos with a 'morphant' phenotypic designation. The establishment of a morphant database opens the door to true functional genomics using the vertebrate, Danio rerio.
Toward systems that understand spoken language (1994)

MIT's Voyager system is an attempt to explore issues related to a fully interactive spoken-language system and natural language understanding. The system helps users get from one location to another within a specific geographical area, and can provide information about certain objects in the area. The current version of Voyager focuses on the city of Cambridge, Massachusetts, between MIT and Harvard University. Voyager's domain knowledge (or backend) is an enhanced version of an existing direction assistance program (J.R. Davis and T.F. Trobaugh, 1987). The map database includes the locations of various classes of objects (streets, buildings, rivers) and their properties (address, phone number, etc.). To retrieve information, the Summit speech recognition system converts the user's speech signal into a set of word hypotheses, the Tina natural language system interacts with Summit to obtain a word string and a linguistic interpretation of the utterance, and an interface between the two subsystems converts Tina's semantic representation into the appropriate function calls to the back-end. Voyager then responds with a map, highlighting the objects of interest, plus an textual and spoken answer. The current implementation has a vocabulary of about 350 words and can deal with various types of queries, such as the location of objects, simple properties of objects, how to get from one place to another, and the distance and travel time between objects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A low complexity motion estimation algorithm suitable for frame rate conversion (2010)

Frame rate conversion requires interpolation of image frames at time instances to increase the frame rate. In this paper we propose a new fast algorithm for block motion vector(MV) estimation based on the temporal and spatial correlations. Firstly, every nine neighboring blocks are treated as a macro-block; full search block matching algorithm is used to estimate the motion vector of the center block Then the motion vectors of the remaining blocks are estimated by using a simplified process. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can obtain good image quality with reduced computation complexity compared to conventional motion estimation such as full search algorithm.
Router plugins: a software architecture for next-generation routers (2000)

Present-day Internet protocol routers typically employ monolithic operating systems that are not easily upgradable and extensible. With the rapid rate of protocol development it is becoming increasingly important to dynamically upgrade router software in an incremental fashion. We have designed and implemented a high-performance, modular, extended services router software architecture in the Net BSD operating system kernel. This architecture allows code modules, called plugins, to be dynamically added and configured at run time. One of the novel features of our design is the ability to bind different plugins to individual flows; this allows for distinct plugin implementations to seamlessly coexist in the same runtime environment. We achieve high performance through a carefully designed modular architecture, an innovative packet classification algorithm that is highly efficient, and by caching that exploits the flow-like characteristics of Internet traffic. Compared to a monolithic best effort kernel, our implementation requires an average increase in packet processing overhead of only 8%, or 600 cycles per packet when running on an Intel Pentium Pro at 233 MHz. By shortcutting the forward loop based on the per-flow state we establish, we can forward packets up to three times faster than the best effort kernel.
Enhanced butyric acid fermentation by Clostridium tyrobutyricum immobilized in a fibrous-bed bioreactor (2003)

Production and application of bio-based industrial products are increasingly important to the nation's economic development.Many industrial products, including fuels, chemicals, plastics, pharmaceuticals and solvents, can be manufactured from the nation's abundant renewable resources using green bioprocesses.The goal of this project was to develop a novel bioprocess to economically produce butyric acid from low-value agricultural commodities and food processing byproducts.Butyric acid has many important applications in chemical, food, and pharmaceutical industries.Currently, it is produced entirely by petrochemical routes.Some anaerobic bacteria are known to produce butyric acid from sugars.All known butyric acid bacteria are heterofermentative and strongly inhibited by butyric acid.In addition to butyrate, these bacteria also produce acetate and CO 2 from sugars.Consequently, conventional fermentation technologies for butyric acid production are limited by low reactor productivity, product concentration, and yield.In this project, novel metabolic engineering approaches, at both molecular biology and process engineering levels, were developed for enhanced butyric acid production by Clostridium tyrobutyricum.First, a novel fibrous-bed bioreactor (FBB) was developed for fermentation of xylose to produce butyrate with high reactor productivity (>2.5 g/L/h), high butyrate
Direct Antenna Modulation (DAM) for Enhanced Capacity Performance of Near-Field Communication (NFC) Link (2013)

Shannon's theorem suggests that the capacity of a wireless link is determined by both the power received and the bandwidth of the system. However, in a conventional setup of an inductively coupled near-field communication (NFC) link, there is a trade-off between the power coupled through and the bandwidth. Direct antenna modulation (DAM) is a feasible scheme to mitigate this dilemma. With DAM utilized in a NFC link, the power and bandwidth product limit in a high Q system can be circumvented because the non-linear/time-varying nature of the operation allows high speed modulations decoupled from the charging and discharging process of the high-Q resonator. In this paper, the theory of NFC link with DAM on the transmitter is presented and validated with an experimental setup. Improvement in reception of the high-speed modulation information is observed in the experiment, implying that a superior capacity performance of a NFC link is achieved through DAM versus the traditional scheme.
Use of a Whole Genome Approach To Identify Vaccine Molecules Affording Protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection (2001)

Microbial targets for protective humoral immunity are typically surface-localized proteins and contain common sequence motifs related to their secretion or surface binding. Exploiting the whole genome sequence of the human bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae, we identified 130 open reading frames encoding proteins with secretion motifs or similarity to predicted virulence factors. Mice were immunized with 108 of these proteins, and 6 conferred protection against disseminated S. pneumoniae infection. Flow cytometry confirmed the surface localization of several of these targets. Each of the six protective antigens showed broad strain distribution and immunogenicity during human infection. Our results validate the use of a genomic approach for the identification of novel microbial targets that elicit a protective immune response. These new antigens may play a role in the development of improved vaccines against S. pneumoniae.
Antioxidative activity of monoacylated anthocyanins isolated from Muscat Bailey A grape (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntioxidative activity of monoacylated anthocyanins isolated from Muscat Bailey A grapeHirotoshi Tamura and Atsushi YamagamiCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1994, 42, 8, 1612–1615Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00044a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00044a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views514Altmetric-Citations144LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Thyroid-Specific Enhancer-Binding Protein/NKX2.1 Is Required for the Maintenance of Ordered Architecture and Function of the Differentiated Thyroid (2006)

Thyroid-specific enhancer-binding protein (T/ebp)/Nkx2.1-null mouse thyroids degenerate by embryonic day (E) 12-13 through apoptosis whereas T/ebp/Nkx2.1-heterogyzgous mice exhibit hypothyroidism with elevated TSH levels. To understand the role of T/ebp/Nkx2.1 in the adult thyroid, a thyroid follicular cell-specific conditional knockout (KO) mouse line, T/ebp(fl/fl);TPO-Cre, was established that expresses Cre recombinase under the human thyroid peroxidase (TPO) gene promoter. These mice appeared to be healthy and exhibited loss of T/ebp/Nkx2.1 expression in many, but not all, thyroid follicular cells as determined by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR, thus presenting a T/ebp-thyroid-conditional hypomorphic mice. Detailed analysis of the thyroids from T/ebp(fl/fl), T/ebp(fl/fl);TPO-Cre, and T/ebp(fl/ko) mice, where the latter mouse line is derived from crosses with the original T/ebp/Nkx2.1-heterozygous mice, revealed that T/ebp(fl/fl);TPO-Cre mice can be classified into two groups with different phenotypes: one having atrophic/degenerative thyroid follicles with frequent presence of adenomas and extremely high serum TSH levels, and the other having an altered thyroid structure with reduced numbers of extraordinary dilated follicles consisting of excessive numbers of follicular cells as compared with those usually found in the normal thyroid. The latter phenotype was also observed in aged T/ebp(fl/ko) mouse thyroids. In vitro three-dimensional thyroid primary cultures using thyroids from T/ebp(fl/fl);TPO-Cre, T/ebp(fl/ko), and T/ebp(fl/fl) mice, and the latter treated with recombinant adenovirus with and without Cre expression, demonstrated that only cells from T/ebp(fl/fl) mice without adeno-Cre treatment formed follicular structures. Taken together, these results suggest that T/ebp/Nkx2.1 is required for maintenance of the normal architecture and function of differentiated thyroids.
Managing campus-wide information systems: issues and problems (1989)

The spread of computer networks and microcomputers has lead to the rapid expansion of communication via computer conferencing, electronic mail, computer bulletin boards, and other forms of electronic communications such as on-line surveys. Many campuses have implemented or are in the process of implementing campus-wide information systems which make access to information services as easy as using the campus phone system.
The Mechanism of Enhanced Insulin Amyloid Fibril Formation by NaCl Is Better Explained by a Conformational Change Model (2011)

The high propensity of insulin to fibrillate causes severe biomedical and biotechnological complications. Insulin fibrillation studies attain significant importance considering the prevalence of diabetes and the requirement of functional insulin in each dose. Although studied since the early years of the 20(th) century, elucidation of the mechanism of insulin fibrillation has not been understood completely. We have previously, through several studies, shown that insulin hexamer dissociates into monomer that undergoes partial unfolding before converting into mature fibrils. In this study we have established that NaCl enhances insulin fibrillation mainly due to subtle structural changes and is not a mere salt effect. We have carried out studies both in the presence and absence of urea and Gdn.HCl and compared the relationship between conformation of insulin induced by urea and Gdn.HCl with respect to NaCl at both pH 7.4 (hexamer) and pH 2 (monomer). Fibril formation was followed with a Thioflavin T assay and structural changes were monitored by circular dichroism and size-exclusion chromatography. The results show salt-insulin interactions are difficult to classify as commonly accepted Debye-Hückel or Hofmeister series interactions but instead a strong correlation between the association states and conformational states of insulin and their propensity to fibrillate is evident.