gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transient gene expression in vegetative shoot apical meristems of wheat after ballistic microtargeting (1993)

A method has been established that allows the targeted delivery of DNA‐carrying gold particles to vegetative shoot apical meristems of cereal species. Meristems of 8‐ to 10‐day‐old seedlings of wheat ( Triticum aestivum ), rice ( Oryza sativa ) and sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ) were manually exposed by removal of the coleoptile and the first three to four leaves. Using ballistic microtargeting, equal‐sized gold particles of different diameters ranging from 1.0 to 2.0 µm were propelled to meristems by pulses of compressed nitrogen ranging from 9 to 13 MPa. When accelerated by 13 MPa, particles of 1.4 µm or larger penetrated to cells of L2 in 80% of the bombarded wheat meristems. Expression vectors containing either the gene for β‐glucuronidase ( gusA ) or genes regulating the anthocyanin biosynthesis ( Bperu and C1 from maize) were delivered to wheat meristems. The level of transient gene expression was dependent on the osmotic pressure of the MS‐based medium that was used to mount the explants for shooting: an increase of the sucrose concentration from 2 to 10% in the medium resulted in an increase of transient gene expression from 5 to 25% of the bombarded meristems. Although particles of 1.4 µm were efficiently delivered to L1 and L2, transient gene expression occurred predominantly in the L1 layer. In contrast, up to 10% of the bombarded meristems had expressing cells in L2 when particles of 2.0 µm were used. Ten days after bombardment, GUS‐positive sectors in meristems and in leaf primordia were observed. When destructive GUS detection was omitted, between 80 and 90% of the bombarded ex‐plants recovered in vitro on basal MS medium and then regenerated to fertile plants in the greenhouse.
Heritability of Platelet Responsiveness to Aspirin in Activation Pathways Directly and Indirectly Related to Cyclooxygenase-1 (2007)

Heritable factors contribute prominently to variability in residual platelet function after ASA exposure. These data suggest a genetic basis for the adequacy of platelet suppression by ASA and potentially for differences in the clinical efficacy of ASA.
Improved characterization technique for micromixers (1999)

This paper reports an improved technique to characterize a micromixer. Due to the small dimensions of micromixers, the mixing relies on diffusion only. To date most diffusive micromixers have been tested with phenolphthalein and a base. However, this method does not give any information about the proportional mixing of the device, as the final colour of the mixing depends only on the pH value. For a pH below the critical point, the mixed fluid is colourless, whereas an intensive but almost constant colour is obtained at pH values above. In order to avoid any chemical reactions, the new characterization technique is based on commercially available inks of different colours. For mixing, the colours of the inks change gradually rather than at one specific point. The technique has been successfully employed to characterize a micromixer at various pressure differences. Finally, image processing was used to allow observation of proportional mixing and to characterize the development of the diffusion over time. The latter feature could be an interesting technique to monitor the course of a reaction over the length of the mixer (stopped flow technique).
41.1: A Super‐High Image Quality Multi‐Domain Vertical Alignment LCD by New Rubbing‐Less Technology (1998)

Abstract An MVA‐LCD (multi‐domain vertical alignment LCD) that provides super‐high image quality has been developed by newly introduced rubbing‐less technology. A newly introduced “protrusion” designed on the TFT substrates and on the color filter substrates automatically controls the directors of the LC molecules. By this technology we have successively developed four‐domain 15″ MVA‐TFT units that provide extremely wide viewing angle of more than 160 degrees, a high contrast ratio of 300:1 or more and a fast response of less than 25ms.
Inhibition of influenza virus replication in mice by GG167 (4-guanidino-2,4-dideoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid) is consistent with extracellular activity of viral neuraminidase (sialidase) (1994)

We demonstrate the potent antiviral activity of a novel viral neuraminidase (sialidase) inhibitor, 4-guanidino-2,4-dideoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid (GG167), administered by the intranasal route in comparison with those of amantadine and ribavirin in experimental respiratory tract infections induced with influenza A and B viruses. In an extended study in which mice were infected (day 0) with influenza A/Singapore/1/57 virus, with treatments given prophylactically plus twice daily over days 0 to 3 and with mice observed to day 10, we show that intranasally administered GG167 at 0.4 and 0.01 mg/kg of body weight per dose reduced mortality, lung consolidation, and virus titers in the lung, with no virus growing back following the cessation of treatment. In other studies with influenza B/Victoria/102/85 virus in which infected mice were culled after the cessation of treatment, the calculated intranasal dose required to reduce virus titers in the lungs of treated animals to 10% of that seen in untreated controls (EDAUC10 [where AUC is area under the virus titer days curve]) was 0.085 mg/kg per dose. GG167 was inactive against influenza viruses A and B when given by the intraperitoneal or oral route (EDAUC10, > 100 mg/kg per dose). GG167 was metabolically stable, with an elimination half-life of 10 min following intravenous administration. While readily bioavailable by systemic routes, it was poorly bioavailable by the oral route. Its potent efficacy by the intranasal route but lack of efficacy by other routes, relative to those of amantadine and ribavirin, was explicable in terms of its in vitro activity, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetic properties and with the extracellular activity of viral sialidase.
Optimal Coating Selection for the Analysis of Organic Vapor Mixtures with Polymer-Coated Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor Arrays (1995)

A method for determining the optimal set of polymer sensor coatings to include in a surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor array for the analysis of organic vapors is described. The method combines an extended disjoint principal components regression (EDPCR) pattern recognition analysis with Monte Carlo simulations of sensor responses to rank the various possible coating selections and to estimate the ability of the sensor array to identify any set of vapor analytes. A data base consisting of the calibrated responses of 10 polymer-coated SAW sensors to each of six organic solvent vapors from three chemical classes was generated to demonstrate the method. Responses to the individual vapors were linear over the concentration ranges examined, and coatings were stable over several months of operation. Responses to binary mixtures were additive functions of the individual component responses, even for vapors capable of strong hydrogen bonding. The EDPCR-Monte Carlo method was used to select the four-sensor array that provided the least error in identifying the six vapors, whether present individually or in binary mixtures. The predicted rate of vapor identification (87%) was experimentally verified, and the vapor concentrations were estimated within 10% of experimental values in most cases. The majority of errors in identification occurred when an individual vapor could not be differentiated from a mixture of the same vapor with a much lower concentration of a second component. The selection of optimal coating sets for several ternary vapor mixtures is also examined. Results demonstrate the capabilities of polymer-coated SAW sensor arrays for analyzing of solvent vapor mixtures and the advantages of the EDPCR-Monte Carlo method for predicting and optimizing performance.
The cleavage and inactivation of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 by neutrophil elastase: the evaluation of its physiologic relevance in fibrinolysis (1995)

The effect of the proteolytic cleavage of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) by human neutrophil elastase (HNE) on fibrinolysis was investigated. HNE cleaved active PAI-1 and produced low molecular weight forms of inactive PAI-1, as previously reported. Latent PAI-1 was resistant to HNE treatment. Vitronectin (VN) partially protected the cleavage. NH2-terminal sequence analysis indicated that the cleavage site was Val355-Ser356 (P4-P3). The effects of PAI-1 cleavage by HNE on clot lysis was studied in a purified system. Clot lysis time without PAI-1 was 20.0 +/- 5.0 minutes and was prolonged to 86.7 +/- 2.9 minutes by 68 nmol/L of PAI-1. It was shortened when HNE (from 0.6 nmol/L to 80 nmol/L) was added and returned to the value obtained without PAI-1 by 80 nmol/L of HNE (20.0 +/- 5.8 minutes). However, in the absence of PAI-1, elastase did not enhance clot lysis at all. Euglobulin clot lysis time was also shortened after HNE treatment. The cleavage and inactivation of PAI-1 by HNE was shown to be a novel pathway to enhance fibrinolysis.
Synthesizing DSP architectures from behavioral specifications: a formal approach (2002)

A formal behavioral synthesis framework is introduced for specification, simulation, and synthesis of digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms. The given algorithm is represented using a newly developed language called the algorithm specification language (ASL). The components and connectivity of the synthesized architecture can be represented in three different forms: a language called the realization specification language (RSL), schematic captures, and PROLOG. PROLOG is used as a user interface language between the user subsystem and the synthesis subsystem. Algorithms of linear time complexity are introduced for transferring between different representations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mapping of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Neurovirulence to γ 1 34.5, a Gene Nonessential for Growth in Culture (1990)

The gene designated gamma 134.5 maps in the inverted repeats flanking the long unique sequence of herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) DNA, and therefore it is present in two copies per genome. This gene is not essential for viral growth in cell culture. Four recombinant viruses were genetically engineered to test the function of this gene. These were (i) a virus from which both copies of the gene were deleted, (ii) a virus containing a stop codon in both copies of the gene, (iii) a virus containing after the first codon an insert encoding a 16-amino acid epitope known to react with a specific monoclonal antibody, and (iv) a virus in which the deleted sequences were restored. The viruses from which the gene was deleted or which carried stop codons were avirulent on intracerebral inoculation of mice. The virus with the gene tagged by the sequence encoding the epitope was moderately virulent, whereas the restored virus reacquired the phenotype of the parent virus. Significant amounts of virus were recovered only from brains of animals inoculated with virulent viruses. Inasmuch as the product of the gamma 134.5 gene extended the host range of the virus by enabling it to replicate and destroy brain cells, it is a viral neurovirulence factor.
Pilot study of WT1 peptide‑pulsed dendritic cell vaccination with docetaxel in esophageal cancer (2018)

In the present study, the immune response to Wilms tumor gene 1 (WT1) peptide-pulsed dendritic cell (DC) vaccination combined with docetaxel (DCDOC) in advanced esophageal cancer patients who had already received first-line chemotherapy was investigated. Ten HLA-A*2402 patients were treated with docetaxel (50 mg/m<sup>2</sup>) on day 1 and WT1 peptide-pulsed DC vaccination (1×10<sup>7</sup> cells) on days 15 and 22 (repeated every 4 weeks for 3 cycles). The delayed-type hypersensitivity skin test, HLA tetramer assay and interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay were used to evaluate the induction of a WT1-specific immune response. Median overall survival was 5 months (range, 1.1-11.6). The clinical effect of DCDOC therapy was not observed and only 1 patient could complete the protocol therapy. Disease progression was observed in 9 patients and 1 patient succumbed to fatality during the second cycle of therapy. As a pilot study, it was not possible to evaluate the safety of WT1 peptide-pulsed DCDOC therapy for esophageal squamous cell cancer. However, a WT1-specific response in 6 patients, as indicated by the ELISPOT or HLA/WT1-tetramer assay, was demonstrated. The results suggested that the positive immune response had significant relevance on the low percentage of CD11b<sup>+</sup> and CD66b<sup>+</sup> granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in CD15<sup>+</sup> cells. Furthermore, DCDOC elicited a WT1-specific immune response regardless of the myelosuppression associated with docetaxel. The present findings support future studies and further work to assess DCDOC as an adjuvant therapy for esophageal cancer will be performed. The present clinical trial was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Clinical Trials Registry on November 11th, 2011, no. UMIN000006704.
THE USE OF ALOE VERA IN THE TREATMENT OF THERMAL AND IRRADIATION BURNS IN LABORATORY ANIMALS AND HUMANS (1957)

ASHLEY, FRANKLIN L. M.D.; O'LOUGHLIN, BERNARD J. M.D.; PETERSON, REXFORD M.D.; FERNANDEZ, LEABERT M.D.; STEIN, HAROLD M.D.; SCHWARTZ, AMOS N. M.D. Author Information
The Impact of Fatigue on Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (1994)

Although fatigue is recognized as a symptom of MS, there have been insufficient methods for evaluating this symptom. We administered the Fatigue Impact Scale to 85 MS patients and 20 hypertensive patients. Neurologic impairment, mental health, and general health status were also assessed. MS patients reported significantly higher fatigue impact than hypertensive patients. Most MS patients reported fatigue as either their worst (14%), or one of their worst (55%) symptoms. Disease classification and neurologic impairment had little bearing on Fatigue Impact Scale scores in the MS sample. The best predictive models for mental health and general health status in the MS sample both included the Fatigue Impact Scale as a significant factor. This study demonstrates that: 1) fatigue is a very prevalent and severe problem in MS, 2) fatigue impact cannot be predicted by clinical measures of neurologic impairment, 3) fatigue has a significant effect on the mental health and general health status of MS patients.
Molecular Nanojet in Water (2009)

A molecular nanojet in water, generated by sub-nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation, has been successfully observed by time-resolved shadowgraphy. The molecular nanojet was ejected through the centre of a cavitation bubble that was also generated by the laser irradiation in water. The direct observation of the molecular nanojet enabled us to understand the generation mechanism of the molecular nanojet in water.
Real time groupware as a distributed system (1994)

This paper exposes the concurrency control problem in groupware when it is implemented as a distributed system. Traditional concurrency control methods cannot be applied directly to groupware because system interactions include people as well as computers. Methods, such as locking, serialization, and their degree of optimism, are shown to have quite different impacts on the interface and how operations are displayed and perceived by group members. The paper considers both human and technical considerations that designers should ponder before choosing a particular concurrency control method. It also reviews our work-in-progress designing and implementing a library of concurrency schemes in GROUPKIT, a groupware toolkit.
Cancer Statistics, 2008 (2008)

Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the number of new cancer cases and deaths expected in the United States in the current year and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival based on incidence data from the National Cancer Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries and mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics. Incidence and death rates are age-standardized to the 2000 US standard million population. A total of 1,437,180 new cancer cases and 565,650 deaths from cancer are projected to occur in the United States in 2008. Notable trends in cancer incidence and mortality include stabilization of incidence rates for all cancer sites combined in men from 1995 through 2004 and in women from 1999 through 2004 and a continued decrease in the cancer death rate since 1990 in men and since 1991 in women. Overall cancer death rates in 2004 compared with 1990 in men and 1991 in women decreased by 18.4% and 10.5%, respectively, resulting in the avoidance of over a half million deaths from cancer during this time interval. This report also examines cancer incidence, mortality, and survival by site, sex, race/ethnicity, education, geographic area, and calendar year, as well as the proportionate contribution of selected sites to the overall trends. Although much progress has been made in reducing mortality rates, stabilizing incidence rates, and improving survival, cancer still accounts for more deaths than heart disease in persons under age 85 years. Further progress can be accelerated by supporting new discoveries and by applying existing cancer control knowledge across all segments of the population.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha induces expression of human immunodeficiency virus in a chronically infected T-cell clone. (1989)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), also known as cachectin, was demonstrated to induce the expression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a chronically infected T-cell clone (ACH-2). Concentrations of recombinant TNF-alpha as low as 50 pg/ml induced a significant increase over background of HIV expression in the ACH-2 cells as determined by supernatant reverse transcriptase activity. The HIV-inducing effects of TNF-alpha could not be explained by toxic effects on the cells. In addition, both the uninfected parental cell line (A3.01) and the infected ACH-2 cells were shown to have high-affinity receptors for TNF-alpha. Transient-transfection experiments demonstrated that the inductive effects of TNF-alpha were due to specific activation of the HIV long terminal repeat. These studies provide evidence that TNF-alpha may play a role in the mechanisms of pathogenesis of HIV infection.
Apoptosis of Mouse Pancreatic Acinar Cells after Duct Ligation. (1995)

It has been established that pancreatic exocrine acinar cells disappear after pancreatic duct obstruction. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the disappearance of the acinar cells and apoptosis after pancreatic duct ligation of the splenic lobe in dd-mice, six weeks of age. In some mice, the ligature was removed after two or three days. In addition to general light and electron microscopic examinations on the pancreatic tissues, paraffin sections stained with the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method were observed to detect nuclear DNA fragmentation. Pancreatic acinar cells underwent apoptosis initiated with nuclear DNA damages three days after duct ligation and were completely deleted by seven days. Due to the elevation of the intraluminal pressure, the acinar cells showed interrupted secretion of their zymogen granules and disorganization of their rough endoplasmic reticulum, causing the cessation of granule formation before apoptosis started. These cytoplasmic changes prior to apoptosis are reversible, as observed after removal of the ligation. Apoptosis of the acinar cells was indentified by TUNEL-labeling of the nuclei, the condensation and margination of nuclear chromatin, and round fragmentation of cell bodies, all irreversible changes. Apoptosis of acinar cells seemed to stimulate the proliferation of duct cells, which comprised the main cell components in the exocrine pancreas after the disappearance of acinar cells.
Optical occlusion in a see-through AR system (2007)

Mutual occlusion is an attribute of an augmented reality system. It makes the user confirm that the virtual objects truly exist in the real world. Traditional optical see-through displays are not capable of correctly presenting the mutual occlusion of real and virtual environments, since the synthetic objects always appear as translucent ghosts floating in front of the real scene. This paper presents a novel optical see-through HMD. Aim at this new type HMD some feasible method is presented to realize the mutual occlusion. A LCD panel is introduced in our display for the occlusion. Experimental results show that the methods based on the novel display can integrate a virtual object in a real scene seamlessly.
Formate dehydrogenase (1990)

Formate is a substrate, or product, of diverse reactions catalyzed by eukaryotic organisms, eubacteria, and archaebacteria. A survey of metabolic groups reveals that forraate is a common growth substrate, especially among the anaerobic eubacteria and archaebacteria. Formate also functions as an accessory reductant for the utilization of more complex substrates, and an intermediate in energy-conserving pathways. The diversity of reactions involving formate dehydrogenases is apparent in the structures of electron acceptors which include pyridine nucleotides, 5deazaflavin, quinones, and ferredoxin. This diversity of electron acceptors is reflected in the composition of formate dehydrogenase. Studies on these enzymes have contributed to the biochemical and genetic understanding of selenium, molybdenum, tungsten, and iron in biology. The regulation of formate dehydrogenase synthesis serves as a model for understanding, general principles of regulation in anaerobic organisms.
Monitoring of vibrating machinery using artificial neural networks (1991)

The primary source of vibration in complex engineering systems is rotating machinery. Vibration signatures collected from these components render valuable information about the operational state of the system and may be used to perform diagnostics. For example, the low frequency domain contains information about unbalance, misalignment, instability in journal bearing and mechanical looseness; analysis of the medium frequency range can render information about faults in meshing gear teeth; while the high frequency domain will contain information about incipient faults in rolling-element bearings. Trend analysis may be performed by comparing the vibration spectrum for each machine with a reference spectrum and evaluating the vibration magnitude changes at different frequencies. This form of analysis for diagnostics is often performed by maintenance personnel monitoring and recording transducer signals and analyzing the signals to identify the operating condition of the machine. With the advent of portable fast Fourier transform (FFT) analyzers and ``laptop`` computers, it is possible to collect and analyze vibration data an site and detect incipient failures several weeks or months before repair is necessary. It is often possible to estimate the remaining life of certain systems once a fault has been detected. RMS velocity, acceleration, displacements, peak value, and crest factormore » readings can be collected from vibration sensors. To exploit all the information embedded in these signals, a robust and advanced analysis technique is required. Our goal is to design a diagnostic system using neural network technology, a system such as this would automate the interpretation of vibration data coming from plant-wide machinery and permit efficient on-line monitoring of these components.« less