gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in Stromal Cells from Human Bone Marrow Long-term Culture (2004)

Highly purified primitive hemopoietic stem cells express BMP receptors but do not synthesize bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). However, exogenously added BMPs regulate their proliferation, differentiation, and survival. To further explore the mechanism by which BMPs might be involved in hemopoietic differentiation, we tested whether stromal cells from long-term culture (LTC) of normal human bone marrow produce BMPs, BMP receptors, and SMAD signaling molecules. Stromal cells were immunohistochemically characterized by the presence of lyzozyme, CD 31, factor VIII, CD 68, S100, alkaline phosphatase, and vimentin. Gene expression was analyzed by RT-PCR and the presence of BMP protein was confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The supportive role of the stromal cell layer in hemopoiesis in vitro was confirmed by a colony assay of clonogenic progenitors. Bone marrow stromal cells express mRNA and protein for BMP-3, -4, and -7 but not for BMP-2, -5, and -6 from the first to the eighth week of culture. Furthermore, stromal cells express the BMP type I receptors, activin-like kinase-3 (ALK-3), ALK-6, and the downstream transducers SMAD-1, -4, and -5. Thus, human bone marrow stromal cells synthesize BMPs, which might exert their effects on hemopoietic stem cells in a paracrine manner through specific BMP receptors.
Coherence and Control of Quantum Registers Based on Electronic Spin in a Nuclear Spin Bath (2009)

We consider a protocol for the control of few-qubit registers comprising one electronic spin embedded in a nuclear spin bath. We show how to isolate a few proximal nuclear spins from the rest of the bath and use them as building blocks for a potentially scalable quantum information processor. We describe how coherent control techniques based on magnetic resonance methods can be adapted to these solid-state spin systems, to provide not only efficient, high fidelity manipulation but also decoupling from the spin bath. As an example, we analyze feasible performances and practical limitations in the realistic setting of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond.
Stem-cell ecology and stem cells in motion (2008)

This review highlights major scientific developments over the past 50 years or so in concepts related to stem-cell ecology and to stem cells in motion. Many thorough and eloquent reviews have been presented in the last 5 years updating progress in these issues. Some paradigms have been challenged, others validated, or new ones brought to light. In the present review, we will confine our remarks to the historical development of progress. In doing so, we will refrain from a detailed analysis of controversial data, emphasizing instead widely accepted views and some challenging novel ones.
Activation of human prothrombin by human prothrombinase. Influence of factor Va on the reaction mechanism. (1987)

The kinetics of the activation of human prothrombin catalyzed by human prothrombinase was studied using the fluorescent alpha-thrombin inhibitor dansylarginine-N-(3-ethyl-1,5-pentanediyl)amide (DAPA). Prothrombinase proteolytically activates prothrombin to alpha-thrombin by cleavages at Arg273-Thr274 (bond A) and Arg322-Ile323 (bond B). The differential fluorescence properties of DAPA complexed with the intermediates and products of human prothrombin activation were exploited to study the kinetics of the individual bond cleavages in the zymogen. When the catalyst was composed of prothrombinase (human factor Xa, human factor Va, synthetic phospholipid vesicles, and calcium ion), initial velocity studies of alpha-thrombin formation indicated that the kinetic constants for the cleavage of bonds A or B were similar to the constants that were obtained for the overall reaction (bonds A + B). The progress of the reaction was also monitored by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The results indicated that the activation of human prothrombin catalyzed by prothrombinase proceeded exclusively via the formation of meizothrombin (bond B-cleaved) as an intermediate. Kinetic studies of the cofactor dependence of the rates of cleavage of the individual bonds indicated that, in the absence of the cofactor, cleavage at bond B would constitute the rate-limiting step in prothrombin activation. Progress curves for prothrombin activation catalyzed by prothrombinase and monitored using the fluorophore DAPA were typified by the appearance of a transient maximum, indicating the formation of meizothrombin as an intermediate. When factor Xa alone was the catalyst, progress curves were characterized by an initial burst phase, suggesting the rapid production of prethrombin 2 (bond A-cleaved) followed by its slow conversion to alpha-thrombin. Gel electrophoresis followed by autoradiography was used to confirm these results. Collectively, the results indicate that the activation of human prothrombin via the formation of meizothrombin as an intermediate is a consequence of the association of the cofactor, human factor Va, with the enzyme, human factor Xa, on the phospholipid surface.
RIMES evaluation campaign for handwritten mail processing (2006)

The paper presents the French RIMES (Reconnaissance et Indexation de donnees Manuscrites et de fac similES / Recognition and Indexing of handwritten documents and faxes) project, which is an evaluation campaign dedicated to automatic systems of recognition and indexing of handwritten letters such as those sent by postal mail or fax by individuals to companies or administrations. This project is intended to all the key players of the handwritten recognition and document analysis fields by proposing them to participate to evaluation tests, a first test having taken already place. In this framework, a new database of more than 5600 real mails completely annotated have been created as well as secondary databases of isolated characters, handwritten words (300 000 snippets) and logos. Beyond the evaluation, the other contribution of the RIMES project is to make available all these databases to the community after the last test
Progresses in Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase-activated Protein Kinases (2007)

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways are involved in multiple important cellular responses. To activate their downstream protein kinases by phosphorylation is a crucial manner for MAPK family members to fulfill their physiological functions. Downstream of MAPKs, there exist three structurally related MAPK-activated protein kinases (MAPKAPKs or MKs), i.e., MK2, MK3 and MK5. Once upon activated by MAPKs, MKs signal to different cellular targets, to regulate gene expression at the levels of transcription and translation, control cytoskeleton remodelling and cell cycle, and mediate cell migration and embryonic development. Recently, based on the gene knockout studies, the function divisions among different MK subfamily members are gradually clear, leading to tremendous advancements of our knowledge on MKs.
Maslinic Lactone From the Heartwood of Terminalia alata (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMaslinic Lactone From the Heartwood of Terminalia alataGopal R. Mallavarapu and E. MuralikrishnaCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1983, 46, 6, 930–931Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 November 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50030a017https://doi.org/10.1021/np50030a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views175Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ErbB receptors and their ligands in the breast (2006)

ErbB receptor tyrosine kinases are membrane-bound receptors that possess intrinsic, ligand-activated, tyrosine kinase activity. Binding of growth factors to these receptors induces the formation of ErbB homo- and heterodimers and initiates a signalling cascade that traverses the cytoplasm to communicate with the nucleus and the cytoskeleton. The effect of this cascade is the regulation of cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration and adhesion. Although ErbB signalling is important for normal growth and development in the breast, a dysregulation of ErbB activity can lead to tumourigenesis. This review will focus on the role of ErbB signalling in both normal mammary gland development and breast cancer, with an emphasis on the mechanisms behind receptor activation and the therapeutic agents designed to inhibit ErbB activity.
Filtration Characteristics of Three New In-line Blood Transfusion Filters (1975)

Three types of microemboli filters were examined with the scanning electron microscope. The single layer 40 mu pore filter traps aggregates in the pores. The aggregates are extruded and pass on with the blood and can be demonstrated in a Dacron wool filter downstream. The polyurethane foam filter is an in depth multiple pore filter of variable pore size. This filter allows many aggregates to escape through the pores in the beginning of a transfusion and these aggregates were seen in a Dacron wool filter downstream. As aggregates become trapped, the pore sizes decrease, filtration improves, and flow through the filter becomes reduced. The Dacron wool filter absorbs the particulate material to the fibers of wool. This filter has a large capacity and was not observed to leak aggregates even when subjected to high filtration pressures.
A General Method for the Synthesis of Carbamoylmethyleneamino Pseudopeptides (1994)

A general procedure for the preparation of (carbamoylmethylene)amino pseudopeptides from the corresponding (cyanomethylenene)amino analogues, compatible with peptide bonds and with the usual amino and carboxyl protecting groups, is described. This procedure involves the oxidative hydration of (cyanomethylene)amino pseudopeptides with basic hydrogen peroxide under phase-transfer conditions, using n-tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate as catalyst. In the basic medium of this reaction the methyl esters of (carbamoylmethylene)amino pseudodipeptides cyclized to 2,6-dioxopiperazine analogues.
Direct Water Splitting Through Vibrating Piezoelectric Microfibers in Water (2010)

We propose a mechanism, a piezoelectrochemical effect for the direct conversion of mechanical energy to chemical energy. This phenomenon is further applied for generating hydrogen and oxygen via direct water decomposition by means of as-synthesized piezoelectric ZnO microfibers and BaTiO3 microdendrites. Fibers and dendrites are vibrated with ultrasonic waves leading to a strain-induced electric charge development on their surface. With sufficient electric potential, strained piezoelectric fibers (and dendrites) in water triggered the redox reaction of water to produce hydrogen and oxygen gases. ZnO fibers under ultrasonic vibrations showed a stoichiometric ratio of H2/O2 (2:1) initial gas production from pure water. This study provides a simple and cost-effective technology for direct water splitting that may generate hydrogen fuels by scavenging energy wastes such as noise or stray vibrations from the environment. This new discovery may have potential implications in solving the challenging energy and environmental issues that we are facing today and in the future.
Reducing the effects of transmission impairments in digital fiber optic systems (1993)

The major impairments in lightwave systems and the signal-processing techniques that can be used to reduce these impairments are discussed. Guidelines for the use of these techniques are presented. These guidelines are used to determine the techniques with the most potential for providing improved performance in long-haul systems, local-area networks, and local loop systems. Although many of the techniques have been previously considered for these applications, few have been implemented in commercial products. Some of the most promising techniques include dispersion-compensating fibers, polarization control, nonlinear cancellation (NLC), and coding for reducing the effect of distortion in long-haul single-frequency-laser direct-detection systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Transfection of Mesenchymal Stem Cells with the FGF-2 Gene Improves Their Survival under Hypoxic Conditions (2005)

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown potential for cardiac repair following myocardial injury, but this approach is limited by their poor viability after transplantation. To reduce cell loss after transplantation, we introduced the fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) gene ex vivo before transplantation. The isolated MSCs produced colonies with a fibroblast-like morphology in 2 weeks; over 95% expressed CD71, and 28% expressed the cardiomyocyte-specific transcription factor, Nkx2.5, as well as a-skeletal actin, Nkx2.5, and GATA4. In hypoxic culture, the FGF-2-transfected MSCs (FGF-2-MSCs) secreted increased levels of FGF-2 and displayed a threefold increase in viability, as well as increased expression of the anti-apoptotic gene, Bcl2, and reduced DNA laddering. They had functional adrenergic receptors, like cardiomyocytes, and exposure to norepinephrine led to phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Viable cells persisted 4 weeks after implantation of 5.0 yen 105 FGF-2-MSCs into infarcted myocardia. Expression of cardiac troponin T (CTn T) and a voltage-gated Ca2+ channel (CaV2.1) increased, and new blood vessels formed. These data suggest that genetic modification of MSCs before transplantation could be useful for treating myocardial infarction and end-stage cardiac failure.
Modulation and induction of eosinophil chemotaxis by granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3 (1991)

Eosinophilia and eosinophil function are regulated by cytokines such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin- 3 (IL-3), and IL-5. We have investigated the modulatory role of GM-CSF and IL-3 on the platelet-activating factor (PAF)-, neutrophil- activating factor (NAF/IL-8)-, leukotriene B4 (LTB4)-, N-formyl- methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP)-, and human complement factor C5a- induced chemotaxis of eosinophils from normal individuals. These eosinophils show a chemotactic response toward PAF, LTB4, and C5a, but not to NAF/IL-8 and FMLP. Preincubation of the eosinophils with picomolar concentrations of GM-CSF caused a significant increase in the response toward LTB4 and induced a significant chemotactic response toward NAF/IL-8 and FMLP. Preincubation of the eosinophils with picomolar concentrations of IL-3 also induced a chemotactic response toward NAF/IL-8 and FMLP, and enhanced the PAF-induced chemotaxis response toward C5a was not influenced by both cytokines. Nanomolar concentrations of GM-CSF or IL-3 caused a significant inhibition of the C5a-induced chemotaxis. The LTB4-induced chemotaxis was also significantly inhibited in case of GM-CSF. At these concentrations both GM-CSF and IL-3 acted as chemotaxins for eosinophils were washed after pretreatment with GM-CSF and IL-3 the potentiation of the chemotactic response remained, whereas the inhibitory mode of action disappeared. Our data indicate that at picomolar concentrations the cytokines GM-CSF and IL-3 can modulate eosinophil chemotaxis and at nanomolar concentrations these cytokines can act as chemotaxins for eosinophils.
The Light Chain Binding Domain of Expressed Smooth Muscle Heavy Meromyosin Acts as a Mechanical Lever (2000)

Structural data led to the proposal that the molecular motor myosin moves actin by a swinging of the light chain binding domain, or "neck." To test the hypothesis that the neck functions as a mechanical lever, smooth muscle heavy meromyosin (HMM) mutants were expressed with shorter or longer necks by either deleting or adding light chain binding sites. The mutant HMMs were characterized kinetically and mechanically, with emphasis on measurements of unitary displacements and forces in the laser trap assay. Two shorter necked constructs had smaller unitary step sizes and moved actin more slowly than WT HMM in the motility assay. A longer necked construct that contained an additional essential light chain binding site exhibited a 1.4-fold increase in the unitary step size compared with its control. Kinetic changes were also observed with several of the constructs. The mutant lacking a neck produced force at a somewhat reduced level, while the force exerted by the giraffe construct was higher than control. The single molecule displacement and force data support the hypothesis that the neck functions as a rigid lever, with the fulcrum for movement and force located at a point within the motor domain.
Monoclonal antibody to a DNA‐binding domain of p53 mimics charge structure of DNA: anti‐idiotypes to the anti‐p53 antibody are anti‐DNA (2004)

Antibodies to DNA are important markers of various autoimmune diseases and can be pathogenic; however, their generation is not understood. We previously reported that anti-DNA antibodies could be induced in mice by idiotypic immunization to PAb-421, an antibody to a DNA-binding domain of p53. We now report that two monoclonal antibodies of moderate affinity (K(D) asymptotically equal to 10(-7)), raised from PAb-421-immunized mice, specifically recognized both PAb-421 and DNA. These antibodies feature multiple arginine residues in the antigen-binding site, a unique characteristic of disease-associated anti-DNA antibodies; nevertheless, these anti-DNA antibodies show specific complementarity to PAb-421 by competing with p53 for PAb-421 binding and recognize defined oligonucleotides with a specificity similar to that of p53. To study the structural basis for the cross-recognition of PAb-421 and DNA by the anti-DNA antibodies, we constructed computer models (fine-tuned by protein-protein docking) of PAb-421 and one of the monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies. The modeled structures manifested structural complementarity. Most notably, the modeled structure of PAb-421 resembled the structure of DNA by the positions of negatively charged groups and aromatic side chains. Thus, a protein molecule may mimic the structure of DNA and the elusive generation of anti-DNA antibodies could be explained by idiotypic immunity to a DNA-binding protein, like p53.
INFLAMMATION-INDUCED ENDOTHELIAL CELL ADHESION TO LYMPHOCYTES, NEUTROPHILS, AND MONOCYTES (1989)

Adhesion to the vascular endothelium precedes or is a necessary prelude to leukocyte migration into the underlying tissue. Constitutive lymphocyte trafficking through lymphoid organs is controlled by tissue-specific interactions between molecules expressed on the surface of the lymphocyte (homing receptors) and ligands (vascular addressins) expressed on endothelial cells (HEV) within lymphoid tissues. Preliminary evidence suggests that lymphocytes may employ related but distinct interactions in their entry into some chronic sites of inflammation. Other leukocytes, such as neutrophils and monocytes, express molecules related or identical to lymphocyte homing receptors, and these molecules are exquisitely regulated by chemotactic factors and appear to be involved in the homing of these cells to inflamed tissues. In addition, inflammation in vivo induces increased endothelial cell adhesiveness for leukocytes that undoubtedly plays a key role in regulating leukocyte extravasation. Tissue- and inflammation-specific leukocyte/endothelial cell adhesion molecules constitute attractive targets for suppression or manipulation of the early stages of tissue inflammation.
A peptide inhibitor of vascular adhesion protein‐1 (VAP‐1) blocks leukocyte–endothelium interactions under shear stress (2004)

Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is an endothelial adhesion molecule mediating leukocyte interactions with blood vessels during leukocyte extravasation. Molecularly VAP-1 is a cell-surface-expressed ecto-enzyme belonging to the group of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidases (SSAO; EC 2.4.6.3), which deaminate primary amines. Here we asked whether peptides displaying a suitable free amine group could be a substrate or inhibitor of SSAO and thus regulate VAP-1-mediated leukocyte adhesion. On the basis of a molecular model of VAP-1, we designed synthetic peptides that fit to the substrate channel of VAP-1. One of these lysine-containing peptides effectively inhibits VAP-1-dependent lymphocyte rolling and firm adhesion to primary endothelial cells under physiologically relevant shear conditions. The same peptide inhibits the SSAO activity of endothelial and recombinant VAP-1 in a selective and long-lasting manner. We also show that all enzymatically active VAP-1 is displayed on the cell surface. Our results suggest that, in addition to soluble amines, specific cell-surface-bound molecules containing free NH(2) groups in a suitable position may modulate the enzymatic activity of SSAO. Moreover, the inhibitory peptide diminishes leukocyte interactions with endothelial cells under conditions of shear, and thus it may be useful to treat inflammatory conditions.
Comparison of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization and Immunohistochemistry for the Evaluation of HER-2/neu in Breast Cancer (1999)

There is a high level of correlation between FISH and IHC in the evaluation of HER-2/neu status of breast cancers using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens. Although the choice of which assay to use should be left for individual laboratories to make based on technical and economic considerations, our results may make it difficult to justify the routine use of FISH for determination of HER-2/neu status in breast cancer.
Flagellar preparations from Pseudomonas aeruginosa: isolation and characterization (1982)

Flagella from various strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated by shearing the flagella followed by differential centrifugation to obtain typical filaments as viewed through an electron microscope. Electrophoretic analysis showed a major protein band corresponding to a flagellin with molecular weight of 53,000. Among the strains tested, flagellar antigen (FAg) preparations isolated from strains 1244 and 1210 routinely gave the highest percentage of flagellin, with the least amount of protein impurities, when grown on succinate-mineral salts medium. All FAg preparations contained 3 to 10 micrograms of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate-positive material per mg of protein. Strain PA-103 lacked flagella and exhibited no flagellin band, and preparations from PA-103 had a relatively higher content of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate. The isolation of highly purified, single-banded flagellin could be accomplished by elution of the 53,000-molecular weight gel band. Amino acid analysis showed 16 amino acids, but no proline. Antisera to FAg preparations were used to demonstrate inhibition of motility of strains RM-46 and M-2. Heated RM-46 FAg antisera and PA-103 antisera did not inhibit motility.