gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluorescence detection in capillary zone electrophoresis using a charge-coupled device with time-delayed integration (1991)

A fluorescence detection system for capillary zone electrophoresis is described in which a charged-coupled device (CCD) views a 2-cm section of an axially illuminated capillary column. The CCD is operated in two readout modes: a snapshot mode that acquires a series of images in wavelength and capillary position, and a time-delayed integration mode that allows long exposure times of the moving analyte zones. By use of the latter mode, the ability to differentiate a species based on both its fluorescence emission and migration rate is demonstrated for fluorescein and sulforhodamine 101. The detection limit for fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) is 1.2 X 10(-20) mol; detection limits for FITC-amino acids are in the (2-8) X 10(-20) mol range.
BRI3 Inhibits Amyloid Precursor Protein Processing in a Mechanistically Distinct Manner from Its Homologue Dementia Gene BRI2 (2009)

Alzheimer disease (AD) is characterized by senile plaques, which are mainly composed of beta amyloid (Abeta) peptides. Abeta is cleaved off from amyloid precursor protein (APP) with consecutive proteolytic processing: beta-secretase, followed by gamma-secretase. Here, we show that BRI3, a member of the BRI gene family that includes the familial British and Danish dementia gene BRI2, interacts with APP and serves as an endogenous negative regulator of Abeta production. BRI3 colocalizes with APP along neuritis in differentiated N2a cells; endogenous BRI3-APP complexes are readily detectable in mouse brain extract; reducing endogenous BRI3 levels by RNA interference results in increased Abeta secretion. BRI3 resembles BRI2, because BRI3 overexpression reduces both alpha- and beta-APP cleavage. We propose that BRI3 inhibits the various processing of APP by blocking the access of alpha- and beta-secretases to APP. However, unlike BRI2, the binding of BRI3 to the beta-secretase cleaved APP C-terminal fragment is negligible and BRI3 does not cause the massive accumulation of this APP fragment, suggesting that, unlike BRI2, BRI3 is a poor gamma-cleavage inhibitor. Competitive inhibition of APP processing by BRI3 may provide a new approach to AD therapy and prevention.
MOLECULAR CLONING OF BACTERIAL ANTIGENS AND VIRULENCE DETERMINANTS (1984)

Human coronavirus (HCoV) infection causes respiratory diseases with mild to severe outcomes. In the last 15 years, we have witnessed the emergence of two zoonotic, highly pathogenic HCoVs: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and ...Read More
Structure control of a carbon-based noble-metal-free fuel cell cathode catalyst leading to high power output (2007)

A carbon-based noble-metal-free O(2) reduction catalyst for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) cathode was produced from commonplace, safe and inexpensive compounds (glucose, adenine, Fe gluconate) and the catalyst structure was controlled between a graphene-layered structure and a highly porous amorphous structure for the activity enhancement, which led to the power density of the highest level among the noble-metal-free cathode type PEFCs.
Mechanism of the suddent infant death syndrome? (1989)

Polygraphic tracings of 13 normal infants were recorded in a morning sleep at 1 and 2 weeks of age and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 months of age. A vibrotactile stimulus graded at 25, 50 and 100 Hz (frequency) and amplitudes of 1, 2 and 3 mm (intensity) was used, each combination being applied twice at 30 s intervals to the hand of the sleeping infant during active sleep (AS) and quiet sleep (QS). The results were analysed as percentages of failure to arouse (FTA) in relation to the number of stimulus trials, the criteria for FTA being the absence of a response in heart or respiratory rate, electroencephalogram, or chin electromyogram. The percentages of FTA from QS did not change significantly from 1 week to 6 months of age, irrespective of frequency or intensity. The percentages of FTA from AS fell sharply and significantly from 1 week to 2 months of age (P less than 0.001). At 3 months of age there was a significant increase followed by a significant decrease at 4 months of age, both changes showing a significant difference at P less than 0.05. Apart from the first week of age, the numbers of FTA from QS were greater than from AS for all stimulus trials. It is concluded that there is an arousal deficit in QS from 1 week to 6 months of age and the temporary deficit in AS at 3 months of age could explain the peak incidence of SIDS at this time.
TRIMETHYLACETALDEHYDE AND DIMETHYLETHYLACETALDEHYDE (1929)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTRIMETHYLACETALDEHYDE AND DIMETHYLETHYLACETALDEHYDEJ. B. Conant, C. N. Webb, and W. C. MendumCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1929, 51, 4, 1246–1255Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1929Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1929https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01379a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01379a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views225Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Targeting the insulin-like growth factor network in cancer therapy (2011)

During the last decades, changes in the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling have been related to the pathogenesis of cancer. Therefore, IGFs became highly attractive therapeutic cancer targets. Several drugs including monoclonal antibodies (mAB), small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs), anti-sense oligonucleotids (ASOs) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) targeting the IGF axis were developed. With over 60 ongoing clinical trials, the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) is currently one of the most studied molecular targets in the field of oncology. In this review, we provide an overview on the IGF axis, its signaling pathways and its significance in neoplasia. We critically review the preclinical and clinical studies investigating the role of IGF1R as a cancer target and discuss preliminary results and possible limitations.
S-Adenosylmethionine attenuates the lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of the gene for tumour necrosis factor α (1999)

Intracellular deficiency of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) and elevated serum concentrations of tumour necrosis factor α (TNF) are hallmarks of toxin-induced liver injury. In these models, the administration of either exogenous AdoMet or antibody/soluble receptor for TNF attenuates the injury. We have demonstrated previously that the administration of exogenous AdoMet to AdoMet-deficient rats attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury and serum TNF concentrations. Here we report that AdoMet lowered the amount of TNF secreted by LPS-stimulated murine macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition of TNF release was correlated with changes in the steady-state TNF mRNA concentrations. Changes in TNF mRNA were not due to its altered stability and might have been due to an attenuation of the transcription rate of the TNF gene. The inhibition of TNF release in RAW cells was not mediated by GSH because treatment with AdoMet did not increase intracellular GSH. In addition, N-acetylcysteine, whereas it did increase GSH concentration, had no effect on LPS-stimulated TNF release in these cells. Exogenous AdoMet also attenuated LPS-induced serum TNF levels in normal rats sensitized with lead. Thus AdoMet administration might exert its hepatoprotective effects at least in part by its inhibitory effect on expression of the gene for TNF.
Immunohistochemical localization of the epidermal growth factor receptor in normal human tissues. (1986)

A monoclonal antibody recognizing an epitope of the external domain of the human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor was used to localize this protein in selected normal human tissues. Two patterns of reactivity were recognized: strong linear or granular cell surface staining, and granular cytoplasmic staining. In one tissue, the endometrium, a change in the reaction pattern associated with changes in hormonal stimulation was observed. In some tissues such as epididymis and skin, the antibody showed surface reactivity with cells considered to represent part of the proliferating cell compartment, whereas in liver, pancreas, and prostate, all cells were reactive with the antibody, though the predominant reactivity was localized in the cytoplasm. The differential distribution of the epidermal growth factor receptor to specific cell types and cellular compartments may signify adaptations that permit growth factor responsiveness in a milieu of available ligand.
Phosphorylation Regulates the Nucleocytoplasmic Distribution of Kinase Suppressor of Ras (2002)

KSR (kinase suppressor of Ras) has been proposed as a molecular scaffold regulating the Raf/MEK/ERK kinase cascade. KSR is phosphorylated on multiple phosphorylation sites by associated kinases. To identify potential mechanisms used by KSR to regulate ERK activation, green fluorescent protein was fused to intact and mutated KSR constructs lacking specific phosphorylation sites, and the subcellular distribution of each construct was observed in live cells. Mutation of a subset of KSR phosphorylation sites caused the redistribution of KSR to the nucleus. To determine whether intact KSR is normally imported to the nucleus, REF-52 fibroblasts expressing KSR were treated with 10 nm leptomycin B, which inhibits Crm1-dependent nuclear export. KSR accumulated in the nucleus within 2 h of treatment with leptomycin B, suggesting that KSR cycles continuously through the nucleus. Nuclear import of KSR was blocked by mutations that inhibit the interaction of KSR with MEK. Coexpression of fluorescent forms of KSR and MEK in cells revealed that each protein promoted the localization of the other in the cytoplasm. These data indicate that the subcellular distribution of KSR is dynamically regulated through phosphorylation and MEK interaction in a manner that may affect signaling through ERK.
Comparison of 18F-FDG PET and Optimized Voxel-Based Morphometry for Detection of Alzheimer's Disease: Aging Effect on Diagnostic Performance (2007)

The present study indicates that the detection of metabolic alteration by (18)F-FDG PET yields a better diagnostic performance for the discrimination between AD patients and healthy control subjects than does the morphologic approach by VBM, particularly in the early-onset subjects.
Capacitance characteristics of MOS capacitors embedded with colloidally synthesized gold nanoparticles (2006)

In this work, the capacitance characteristics of gold nanoparticle-embedded metal–oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors with Al2O3 control oxide layers are investigated. The capacitance versus voltage (C–V) curves obtained for a representative MOS capacitor embedded with gold nanoparticles synthesized by the colloidal method exhibit large flat-band voltage shifts, which indicate the presence of charge storages in the gold nanoparticles. Their hysteresis characteristics are dependent on the voltage sweep range. The clockwise hysteresis and rightward shift of the flat band voltages observed from the C–V curves imply that electrons are trapped in a floating gate layer consisting of the gold nanoparticles present between SiO2 and Al2O3 layers in the MOS capacitor, and that these trapped electrons originate from the top electrode. In addition, the characteristics of the capacitance versus time curves for the gold nanoparticle-embedded MOS capacitor are discussed in this paper.
Role of the Subunits of the Avian RNA Tumor Virus Reverse Transcriptase (1974)

DNA polymerase activity can be detected in the virions of all infectious RNA tumor viruses and the enzyme has been purified from many of these viruses (Temin and Baltimore 1972). The purified enzymes generally copy RNA templates at least as well as DNA templates; normal cellular DNA polymerases from prokaryotes and eukaryotes usually copy DNA templates at much higher rates than they copy RNA templates (Baltimore and Smoler 1971; Goodman and Spiegelman 1971; Wells et al. 1972). Because it is believed that at least one function of the virion DNA polymerases is to copy the viral RNA into DNA, they are called “reverse transcriptases.”
Targeting miR‐155 restores abnormal microglia and attenuates disease in SOD1 mice (2014)

We found overexpression of miR-155 in the SOD1 mouse and in both sporadic and familial human ALS. Targeting miR-155 in SOD1 mice restores dysfunctional microglia and ameliorates disease. These findings identify miR-155 as a therapeutic target for the treatment of ALS.
Protocol verification as a hardware design aid (2003)

The role of automatic formal protocol verification in hardware design is considered. Principles that maximize the benefits of protocol verification while minimizing the labor and computation required are identified. A novel protocol description language and verifier (both called Mur phi ) are described, along with experiences in applying them to two industrial protocols that were developed as part of hardware designs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Dendritic macromolecules: synthesis of starburst dendrimers (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleDendritic macromolecules: synthesis of starburst dendrimersDonald A. Tomalia, H. Baker, J. Dewald, M. Hall, G. Kallos, S. Martin, J. Roeck, J. Ryder, and P. SmithCite this: Macromolecules 1986, 19, 9, 2466–2468Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00163a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00163a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4596Altmetric-Citations753LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Fungicidal effect of human lactoferrin againstCandida albicans (1992)

Human lactoferrin (LF) in its iron-free state (apo LF), killed Candida albicans in a time- and dose-dependent way. The lethal effect was stronger at pH 7.0 than at pH 5.5 and maximum inhibition at neutral pH was achieved in 25 min when the fungal cells were exposed to LF in 0.05 mM KCl at 37°C. Fe3+ -saturated LF had no fungicidal activity. Apo LF-mediated killing was also temperature-dependent with enhanced inhibition at higher temperatures (37°, 42°C). The presence of 1 mM d-glucose did not affect the candidacidal activity of apo LF but both phosphate and bicarbonate ions at physiological salivary concentrations completely blocked the antifungal effect. Therefore it seems unlikely that LF belongs to the major host defence factors against oral candidosis.
Graphene Decorated with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Highly Sensitive Interaction with Volatile Organic Compounds (2019)

Gases, such as nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde and benzene, are toxic even at very low concentrations. However, so far there are no low-cost sensors available with sufficiently low detection limits and desired response times, which are able to detect them in the ranges relevant for air quality control. In this work, we address both, detection of small gas amounts and fast response times, using epitaxially grown graphene decorated with iron oxide nanoparticles. This hybrid surface is used as a sensing layer to detect formaldehyde and benzene at concentrations of relevance (low parts per billion). The performance enhancement was additionally validated using density functional theory calculations to see the effect of decoration on binding energies between the gas molecules and the sensor surface. Moreover, the time constants can be drastically reduced using a derivative sensor signal readout, allowing the sensor to work at detection limits and sampling rates desired for air quality monitoring applications.
Substituted 5- and 6-quinoxalinecarboxylic acids and their tuberculostatic activity (1984)

Condensation of aliphatic and aliphatic-aromatic α-diketones, and of substituted benzils with 2,3- and 3,4-diaminobenzoic acids and with 4,5-diamino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid gave 74 5- and 6-quinoxalinecarboxylic acids, with the same or different alkyls and aryls as substituents at position 2 and 3. The compounds with different substituents at positions 2 and 3 were resolved into positional isomers. Their structures were determined by means of the dipole moments. The compounds were tested for tuberculostatic activity. Some exhibited it in vitro ( LI, LVII ), but failed in vivo .
A TEST FOR CONCENTRATION OF ELECTROLYTES IN SWEAT IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS OF THE PANCREAS UTILIZING PILOCARPINE BY IONTOPHORESIS (1959)

A method of performing the test for chloride or sodium in the sweat of patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas is presented. It utilizes pilocarpine by iontophoresis and has the advantage of being both rapid and painless. Data are presented to show that the method is reliable.
Human placental anticoagulant protein: isolation and characterization (1987)

An anticoagulant protein was purified from the soluble fraction of human placenta by ammonium sulfate precipitation and column chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose, Sephadex G-75, and Mono S (Pharmacia). The yield of the purified protein was approximately 20 mg from one placenta. The purified protein gave a single band by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a molecular weight of 36,500. This protein prolonged the clotting time of normal plasma when clotting was induced either by brain thromboplastin or by kaolin in the presence of cephalin and Ca2+. It also prolonged the factor Xa induced clotting time of platelet-rich plasma but did not affect thrombin-induced conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. The purified placental protein completely inhibited the prothrombin activation by reconstituted prothrombinase, a complex of factor Xa-factor Va-phospholipid-Ca2+. The placenta inhibitor had no effect on prothrombin activation when phospholipid was omitted from the above reaction. Also, it neither inhibited the amidolytic activity of factor Xa, nor did it bind to factor Xa. The placenta inhibitor, however, did bind specifically to phospholipid vesicles (20% phosphatidylserine and 80% phosphatidylcholine) in the presence of calcium ions. These results indicate that the placental anticoagulant protein (PAP) inhibits coagulation by binding to phospholipid vesicles. The amino acid sequences of three cyanogen bromide fragments of PAP aligned with those of two distinct regions of lipocortin I and II with a high degree of homology, showing that PAP is a member of the lipocortin family.
OP11. ASSOCIATION OF FCGR2A AND FCγR HAPLOTYPES WITH SPANISH POLYMYALGIA RHEUMATICA AND GIANT CELL ARTERITIS (2005)

Results: 35 patients entered the study. At diagnosis, vascular FDG-uptake was noted in 29 patients (83%). There was no correlation between FDG findings and laboratory parameters or patients complaints, except for jaw claudication. FDG-uptake in the shoulders correlated significantly with the presence of polymyalgia rheumatica ( p 0.005). TVS decreased from a mean score of 7.95.5 at baseline to 2.43.5 on repeat PET scan at 3 months ( p<0.0005) but did no further decrease at 6 months. The patients who had a relapse had similar decreases of TVS compared to those who did not relapse. Conclusions: FDG-uptake in the large vessels is a sensitive marker for GCA, which can involve the larger thoracic, abdominal and peripheral arteries. Polymyalgia rheumatica complaints in GCA patients correlate with (peri)synovitis of the shoulders and not with inflammation of the subclavian or axillary arteries. Relapses of GCA cannot be predicted by results of former PET scintigraphies.
Techniques in HIV Research (1990)

Part 1 Antibody detection in patient's serum: ELISA assay western blot analysis. Part 2 Virus detection in pathological specimen: p24 assay polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in situ hybridization southern blot analysis. Part 3 Virus isolation and production: isolation from periperal blood isolation from tissues virus production in stable cell lines. Part 4 Virus titration: on MT4 cells on HeLa cells on C81-66 on SUP T1. Part 5 Virus detection in cell lines: reverse transcriptase assay p24 assay immunofluorescence (IF) cythopathic effect (CPE) radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP). Part 6 Virus purification and storage. Part 7 Proviral DNA cloning: recombinant DNA libraries polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Part 8 Tranfection of biologically active molecular clones: DEAE dextran electroporation CaPO4 transfection lipofection selection of stably transfected cell lines. Part 9 Host immune response: neutralizing antibodies ADCC/CMC cytotoxity - CTL proliferative response. Part 10 Cytokine assays. Part 11 Antiviral drugs assays. Appendices: source of reagents biosafey issues.
Advances in MicroRNAs: Implications for Gene Therapists (2007)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small regulatory RNAs that are thought to regulate the expression of as many as one-third of all human messenger RNAs (mRNAs). miRNAs are thought to be involved in diverse biological processes, including tumorigenesis. Analysis of miRNA levels may have diagnostic implications. Evidence shows that numerous viruses interact with the miRNA machinery, and that a number of viruses encode their own miRNAs. It seems likely that miRNAs will be implicated in many human diseases. Manipulation of miRNA levels by gene therapy provides an attractive new approach for therapeutic development. This review focuses on approaches to manipulate miRNA levels in cells and in vivo, and the implications for gene therapy. Furthermore, we discuss the use of endogenous miRNAs as scaffolds for the expression of RNA interference (RNAi) as well as competition between exogenous RNAi triggers and endogenous miRNAs. Because short interfering RNAs can also act as miRNAs, seed matches with the 3' untranslated regions of genes should be avoided to prevent off-target effects. Last, we discuss the use of miRNAs to avoid immune responses to viral vectors.