gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antifungal Properties of Electrically Generated Metallic Ions (1976)

A qualitative and quantitative investigation was undertaken to study the susceptibility of unicellular eucaryotic organisms (yeasts) to metallic cations generated by low levels of direct current. Results were characteristic of effects obtained previously using clinical and standard bacteria test organisms. The present study demonstrated that anodic silver (Ag(+)) at low direct currents had inhibitory and fungicidal properties. Broth dilution susceptibility tests were made on several species of Candida and one species of Torulopsis. Growth in all isolates was inhibited by concentrations of electrically generated silver ions between 0.5 and 4.7 mug/ml, and silver exhibited fungicidal properties at concentrations as low as 1.9 mug/ml. The inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations of electrically generated silver ions are lower than those reported for other silver compounds.
New H5N1 Strain Emerges in Southern China (2006)

A troubling new strain of H5N1 avian influenza has emerged in China over the past year. The group that identified the virus warns that it may be resistant to current poultry vaccines and is possibly now spreading a third wave of bird flu infection across Asia.
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Oxygen Images Correlate Spatially and Quantitatively with Oxylite Oxygen Measurements (2006)

Tumor oxygenation predicts cancer therapy response and malignant phenotype. This has spawned a number of oxymetries. Comparison of different oxymetries is crucial for the validation and understanding of these techniques. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging is a novel technique for providing quantitative high-resolution images of tumor and tissue oxygenation. This work compares sequences of tumor pO2 values from EPR oxygen images with sequences of oxygen measurements made along a track with an Oxylite oxygen probe. Four-dimensional (three spatial and one spectral) EPR oxygen images used spectroscopic imaging techniques to measure the width of a spectral line in each image voxel from a trityl spin probe (OX063, Amersham Health R&D) in the tissues and tumor of mice after spin probe injection. A simple calibration allows direct, quantitative translation of each line width to an oxygen concentration. These four-dimensional EPR images, obtained in 45 minutes from FSa fibrosarcomas grown in the legs of C3H mice, have a spatial resolution of approximately 1 mm and oxygen resolution of approximately 3 Torr. The position of the Oxylite track was measured within a 2-mm accuracy using a custom stereotactic positioning device. A total of nine images that involve 17 tracks were obtained. Of these, most showed good correlation between the Oxylite measured pO2 and a track located in the tumor within the uncertainties of the Oxylite localizability. The correlation was good both in terms of spatial distribution pattern and pO2 magnitude. The strong correlation of the two modalities corroborates EPR imaging as a useful tool for the study of tumor oxygenation.
Adaptation Of The Exocrine Pancreas To Diet (1990)

The objective of this review is to provide an overview of intermittent fasting regimens, summarize the evidence on the health benefits of intermittent fasting, and discuss physiological mechanisms by which intermittent fasting might lead to improved ...Read More
A Convenient Trimethylsilylthioxy-Dehalogenation Reaction for the Preparation of Functionalized Thiols (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTA Convenient Trimethylsilylthioxy-Dehalogenation Reaction for the Preparation of Functionalized ThiolsJun Hu and Marye Anne FoxView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, and Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 13, 4959–4961Publication Date (Web):June 2, 1999Publication History Received15 January 1999Published online2 June 1999Published inissue 1 June 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo990076hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo990076hbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2951Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alkyls,Anions,Halogens,Mixtures,Thiols Get e-Alerts
The lymphocyte homing receptors: gatekeepers of the multistep paradigm (2005)

Recent findings suggest that homing receptors are not merely molecular brakes. The cross-talk among the homing receptors and integrins opens a new 'avenue' to lymphocyte migration, suggesting that homing receptors may be sufficient alone, in some cases, to perform the function the name implies.
Design space exploration for DSP applications using the ASIP development system PEAS-III (2002)

This paper describes rapid design space exploration for DSP applications using the PEAS-III system, which is a configurable processor development environment for application domain specific embedded systems. First, a compiler generation method, which is one of the key technologies in the PEAS-III system, is proposed. The target compiler is generated from the same information as used for the synthesizable HDL generation of the target processor. Using the PEAS-III system, not only the processor HDL description but also its target compiler are generated. Therefore, execution time which is computed from execution cycles of applications and generated processor's frequency can be rapidly evaluated. Experimental results showed that the trade-offs between area and performance of processors for DCT and FIR filter applications were analyzed in 4.1 hours and the optimal processor was selected under the design constraint by using generated compilers and processors.
Lipopolysaccharide‐induced miR‐1224 negatively regulates tumour necrosis factor‐α gene expression by modulating Sp1 (2011)

The innate immune response provides the initial defence mechanism against infection by other organisms. However, an excessive immune response will cause damage to host tissues. In an attempt to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate the innate immune response in inflammation and homeostasis, we examined the differential expression of miRNAs using microarray analysis in the spleens of mice injected intraperitoneally with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and saline, respectively. Following challenge, we observed 19 miRNAs up-regulated (1.5-fold) in response to LPS. Among these miRNAs, miR-1224, whose expression level increased 5.7-fold 6 hr after LPS injection and 2.3-fold after 24 hr, was selected for further study. Tissue expression patterns showed that mouse miR-1224 is highly expressed in mouse spleen, kidney and lung. Transfection of miR-1224 mimics resulted in a decrease in basal tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) promoter reporter gene activity and a down-regulation of LPS-induced TNF-α mRNA in RAW264.7 cells. With public databases of miRNA target prediction, miR-1224 was shown to bind to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of Sp1 mRNA, whose coding product controls TNF-α expression at the transcriptional level. Furthermore, we found that in HEK-293 cells, the activity of the luciferase reporter bearing Sp1 mRNA 3' UTR was down-regulated significantly when transfected with miR-1224 mimics. After transfection of miR-1224 in RAW264.7 cells, nucleus Sp1 protein level decreased, and when endogenous miR-1224 was blocked, the decrease was abolished. Therefore, we initially speculated that miR-1224 was a negative regulator of TNF-α in an Sp1-dependent manner, which was confirmed in vivo by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, and might be involved in regulating the LPS-mediated inflammatory responses.
Evolution and integration of a multi-media communications network (2003)

A possible scenario is considered for the evolution of the public switched network to serve the communication needs of multimedia terminals. The authors explain how the local-area network (LAN) is evolving toward the metropolitan-area network (MAN) and the wide-area network (WAN), which can interconnect multiple LANs and high-speed workstations dispersed in different parts of a metropolitan area. They then describe the evolution of the ISDN provide high-speed communication services such as video, and in addition, the evolution of the X.25 packet network toward the frame-relaying network. Such a network improves the throughput/delay performance of the data network. It is concluded that these different evolutionary paths should eventually converge to the next generation switching system that will provide integrated voice/data/image/video capabilities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Preparation and reactions of some fluorine-containing vinyl organometallic compounds (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and reactions of some fluorine-containing vinyl organometallic compoundsF. G. Drakesmith, Ronald Dawson Richardson, Oliver John Stewart, and Paul TarrantCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 1, 286–291Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01265a056https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01265a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views486Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sequence and domain arrangements influence mechanical properties of elastin‐like polymeric elastomers (2012)

Elastin is the polymeric, extracellular matrix protein that provides properties of extensibility and elastic recoil to large arteries, lung parenchyma, and other tissues. Elastin assembles by crosslinking through lysine residues of its monomeric precursor, tropoelastin. Tropoelastin, as well as polypeptides based on tropoelastin sequences, undergo a process of self-assembly that aligns lysine residues for crosslinking. As a result, both the full-length monomer as well as elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) can be made into biomaterials whose properties resemble those of native polymeric elastin. Using both full-length human tropoelastin (hTE) as well as ELPs, we and others have previously reported on the influence of sequence and domain arrangements on self-assembly properties. Here we investigate the role of domain sequence and organization on the tensile mechanical properties of crosslinked biomaterials fabricated from ELP variants. In general, substitutions in ELPs involving similiar domain types (hydrophobic or crosslinking) had little effect on mechanical properties. However, modifications altering either the structure or the characteristic sequence style of these domains had significant effects on such properties. In addition, using a series of deletion and replacement constructs for full-length hTE, we provide new insights into the role of conserved domains of tropoelastin in determining mechanical properties.
New Guidelines for the Management of Intravascular Catheter-Related Infections (2010)

Catheter-related blood stream infections (CRBSIs) are serious causes of hospital-acquired infections. The Infectious Diseases Society of America recently published updated guidelines for the diagnosis and management of these infections. Selected recommendations from these guidelines are presented.
Measurement of the Impulsive Bone Motion by Skin-Mounted Accelerometers (1993)

A measurement system was designed to investigate longitudinal wave propagation through the lower extremity generated from foot strikes. The principal goal of the design was to eliminate measurement time lag and amplitude reduction, such that the acceleration measured by Skin Mounted Accelerometer--SMA is equal to the actual acceleration of the bone measured by Bone Mounted Accelerometer--BMA. For accurate dynamic measurement, it is important that the gain and phase of the measurement system are as close as possible to a constant and zero, respectively, for the frequency range being covered. An in vitro experiment was carried out to simultaneously measure skin and bone accelerations. The obtained information was used for identification of a linear spring/damper model representing the interface between the BMA and the SMA. The present work showed that the SMA overestimated the BMA by 12 percent in the signals between 15-30 Hz.
Excuses, Equivocation, and the New Evil Demon Problem (2012)

Epistemology has experienced an explosion of diversification over the past hundred years regarding the concept of justification. Internalists claim that they hold the intuitive support, often in the context of the New Evil Demon Problem. In this paper I challenge the notion that externalism claims no support from intuitions. I further argue that internalists and externalists are talking about two completely distinct types of justification and show that internalists shift the focus onto the excusability of a believer for holding a belief rather than the justification of the belief itself and in fact frequently equivocate the two. I finally appeal to several arguments against the possibility of justified false beliefs to further bolster the general reliabilist position.
CD20-Targeted T Cells after Stem Cell Transplantation for High Risk and Refractory Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (2013)

A phase I trial of infusing anti-CD3 × anti-CD20 bispecific antibody (CD20Bi) armed activated T cells (aATC) was conducted in high-risk/refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients to determine whether aATC infusions are safe, affect immune recovery, and induce an antilymphoma effect. Ex vivo expanded ATC from 12 patients were armed with anti-CD20 bispecific antibody, cryopreserved, and infused after autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT). Patients underwent SCT after high-dose chemotherapy, and aATC infusions were started on day +4. The patients received 1 infusion of aATC per week for 4 weeks after SCT with doses of 5, 10, 15, and 20 × 10(9). aATC infusions were safe and did not impair engraftment. The major side effects were chills, fever, hypotension, and fatigue. The mean number of IFN-γ Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Spots (ElSpots) directed at CD20 positive lymphoma cells (DAUDI, P = .0098) and natural killer cell targets (K562, P < .0051) and the mean specific cytotoxicity directed at DAUDI (P = .037) and K562 (P = .002) from pre-SCT to post-SCT were significantly higher. The increase in IFN-γ EliSpots from pre-SCT to post-SCT in patients who received armed ATC after SCT were significantly higher than those in patients who received SCT alone (P = .02). Serum IL-7, IL-15, Macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 beta, IP-10, MIP-1α, and Monokine induced by gamma interferone increased within hours after infusion. Polyclonal and specific antibodies were near normal 3 months after SCT. aATC infusions were safe and increased innate and specific antilymphoma cell immunity without impairing antibody recovery after SCT.
Gadolinium-DTPA as a contrast agent in MRI: initial clinical experience in 20 patients (1984)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 20 patients before and after intravenous administration of gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) in a dose of 0.1 mmol/kg. Twelve of the patients had clinical and histologic diagnoses of cerebral tumor, six had hepatic tumors, one had hepatic cysts, and one had transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Contrast enhancement was seen with all tumors, but not with the hepatic cysts. The degree of enhancement was greater than that seen with computed tomography (CT) in 13 cases, equal to it in six, and less in one. Contrast enhancement was detectable as long as 18 hr after injection of Gd-DTPA in one case of cerebral tumor. The margin between cerebral tumor and peritumoral edema could be delineated with contrast-enhanced MRI to the degree possible with contrast-enhanced CT. In the liver isointense enhancement was seen with saturation-recovery (SR), inversion-recovery (IR), and spin-echo (SE) sequences although not with all three sequences simultaneously. In general IR sequences were most sensitive for display of the contrast agent, but the enhancement often decreased the difference between abnormal and normal tissue. No short-term side effects were encountered and no significant change was seen in urea, creatinine, electrolytes, liver function tests, blood coagulation, or urine testing after injection of Gd-DTPA. Although much more work will be required to evaluate this contrast agent, these initial experiences are very promising.
Mesophyll Cell Protoplasts of Potato (1977)

Mesophyll cell protoplasts were isolated from potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Russet Burbank) leaves and induced to proliferate in culture. Protoplast division was observed only among preparations isolated from plants previously conditioned under short periods of low intensity illumination. Sustained growth and development of protoplast-derived calli (p-calli) occurred when they were maintained on defined media at 24 C under 500 lux lighting. Shoot bud development within p-calli was controlled by a number of factors including light, temperature, basic medium composition, nature and source of phytohormones, the continued presence of an osmoticum, low concentrations of a utilizable carbohydrate, and the developmental stage of the p-callus.
Protocol for the THREAD (THREshold for AntiDepressants) study: a randomised controlled trial to determine the clinical and cost-effectiveness of antidepressants plus supportive care, versus supportive care alone, for mild to moderate depression in UK general practice (2007)

The results of this study will give GPs important information to help them determine the severity of depression at which antidepressant treatment is likely to be cost-effective.
Codon usage can affect efficiency of translation of genes inEscherichia coli (1984)

By inserting synthetic oligonucleotides into a highly expressed gene in E. coli it has been shown that unfavourable codon usage can reduce the maximum translation rate of a protein. However, in the case of the codon used (AGG), a significant effect on translation was only seen at very high transcription rates from a gene containing multiple copies of the unfavourable codon.
Accurate Non-Iterative O(n) Solution to the PnP Problem (2007)

We propose a non-iterative solution to the PnP problem-the estimation of the pose of a calibrated camera from n 3D-to-2D point correspondences—whose computational complexity grows linearly with 𝑛<. This is in contrast to state-of-the-art methods that are 𝑂(𝑛 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> ) or even 𝑂(𝑛 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> ), without being more accurate. Our method is applicable for all 𝑛≥4 and handles properly both planar and non-planar configurations. Our central idea is to express the 𝑛 3D points as a weighted sum of four virtual control points. The problem then reduces to estimating the coordinates of these control points in the camera referential, which can be done in 𝑂(𝑛) time by expressing these coordinates as weighted sum of the eigenvectors of a 12 × 12 matrix and solving a small constant number of quadratic equations to pick the right weights. The advantages of our method are demonstrated by thorough testing on both synthetic and real-data.
Quantitative assays for the measurement of HER1-HER2 heterodimerization and phosphorylation in cell lines and breast tumors: applications for diagnostics and targeted drug mechanism of action (2011)

VeraTag lysate assays can be used as a tool for understanding the mechanism of action of targeted HER-family inhibitors in the preclinical setting, while VeraTag FFPE assays of activated HER receptors combined with total HER2 measurements (HERmark) in tumor samples may provide a more accurate prediction of clinical response to both HER1 and HER2 targeted therapies.
Pathways Mediating the Expansion and Immunosuppressive Activity of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Their Relevance to Cancer Therapy (2007)

Cancer immunotherapy has focused on inducing and expanding CTLs and improving the immune recognition of weak antigenic determinants expressed by tumors. However, few positive clinical outcomes have been reported due, in part, to tumor-associated immunologic tolerance, supporting the need for an emphasis on overcoming immunosuppression. Systemic immunosuppression is associated with abnormal myelopoiesis secondary to tumor growth, myelosuppressive therapy, and growth factor administration and subsequent expansion/mobilization of bone marrow-derived immunosuppressive cells. These myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) reduce activated T-cell number and inhibit their function by multiple mechanisms, including depletion of l-arginine by arginase-1 (ARG1) production of nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, and reactive nitrogen oxide species by inducible nitric oxide synthase. Increased numbers of MDSCs are associated with neoplastic, inflammatory, infectious, and graft-versus-host diseases where they restrain exuberant or novel T-cell responses. In this review, we discuss critical components of MDSC-mediated suppression of T-cell function, including cellular expansion and activation-induced secretion of immunosuppressive mediators. Both components of MDSC bioactivity are amenable to pharmacologic intervention as discussed herein. We also focus on the relationship between MDSCs, tumor growth, therapeutic responses, and the mechanisms of cellular expansion, activation, and immunosuppression.