gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antibodies against defined carbohydrate structures of Candida albicans protect H9 cells against infection with human immunodeficiency virus-1 in vitro. (1991)

In this study we raised antibodies against Candida albicans mannans of serotype A and B which comprise mannose alpha(1----2)-and mannose alpha(1----3)-linked residues. These antibodies inhibited human immunodeficiency virus type IIIB (HIV-IIIB) infection of H9 cells in vitro; 5 micrograms/ml of antibodies against mannan from serotype A and 10 micrograms/ml of antibodies against serotype B mannan were sufficient to inhibit infection by almost 100 and 85%, respectively, after an incubation period of 4 days. During a prolonged incubation period (8-12 days), the amount of HIV particles (as measured by reverse transcriptase activity in the culture medium) increased again in assays with antibodies raised against serotype B, but only little in assays containing antibodies against serotype A. Applying the Western blotting technique and a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system it was established that the antibodies reacted with the gp120 of HIV-1 exclusively. Immunofluorescence inspection using a confocal laser scanning microscope revealed that the gp120 protein is exposed on the outer surface of H9 cells where it is recognized by the anti-mannan antibodies. These results indicate that mannan residues of C. albicans can serve as antigens to raise neutralizing antibodies against HIV infection.
Identification of a Novel ITGαvβ6-Binding Peptide Using Protein Separation and Phage Display (2017)

<b>Purpose:</b> Targeted therapies are regarded as promising approaches to increase 5-year survival rate of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients.<b>Experimental design:</b> For the selection of carcinoma-specific peptides membrane proteome of HNO97 tumor cells fractionated by the ProteomeLab PF2D system and corresponding HNO97 cells were deployed for an alternating biopanning using a sunflower trypsin inhibitor1-based phage display (SFTI8Ph) library. Stability, binding properties and affinity of novel candidates were assessed <i>in vitro</i> using radio-HPLC, binding experiments and surface plasmon resonance assay (SPR), respectively. Subsequently, the affinity of the peptide was verified <i>in situ</i> by using peptide histochemistry, <i>in vitro</i> using flow cytometry, and <i>in vivo</i> by positron emissions tomography (PET/CT).<b>Results:</b> We identified a novel ITGα<sub>v</sub>β<sub>6</sub> binding peptide (SFITGv6) containing the amino acid sequence FRGDLMQL. SFITGv6 provides stability over a period of 24 hours and demonstrates high affinity (<i>K</i><sub>D</sub> = 14.8 nmol/L) for ITGα<sub>v</sub>β<sub>6</sub> In HNO97 cells, a maximal uptake and internalization of up to 37.3% and 37.5%, respectively, was measured. Small-animal PET imaging and biodistribution studies of HNO97 xenografted Balb/c nu/nu mice showed tumor-specific accumulation of <sup>68</sup>Ga- and <sup>177</sup>Lu-labeled DOTA-SFITGv6, respectively, 30 to 60 minutes after injection. Moreover, peptide histochemistry revealed a strong and homogenous binding of biotin-labeled SFITGv6 to HNSCC tumors and breast- and lung cancer-derived brain metastases. Finally, first PET/CT scans of HNSCC and NSCLC patients displayed SFITGv6 accumulation specifically in tumors, but not in inflammatory lesions.<b>Conclusions:</b> Thus, SFITGv6 represents a novel powerful tracer for imaging and possibly for endoradiotherapy of ITGα<sub>v</sub>β<sub>6</sub>-positive carcinoma. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(15); 4170-80. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Antimicrobial Activities of LB20304a, a New Quinolone Antibiotic (1996)

In vitro activities of LB20304a were compared with those of grepafloxacin (OPC-17116), Q-35, ciprofloxacin, and sparfloxacin against 380 clinical isolates collected from general hospitals in 1996. LB 20304a was the most active agent against gram-positive strains including staphylococci, streptococci and enterococci. LB20304a was also very active against gram-negative bacteria and its activity was comparable to that of ciprofloxacin but better than those of grepafloxacin, Q-35 and sparfloxacin. The therapeutic effect of LB20304a was superior to those of sparfloxacin and ciprofloxacin against systemic infection by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus K283 (MRSA) in neutropenic mice. Against urinary tract infection induced by Escherichia coli 851E in mice, LB20304a was more active than sparfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. However, LB 20304a was slightly less active than that of ciprofloxacin against urinary tract infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1912E, but better than that of sparfloxacin.
Efficacy of a Non-Hypercalcemic Vitamin-D2 Derived Anti-Cancer Agent (MT19c) and Inhibition of Fatty Acid Synthesis in an Ovarian Cancer Xenograft Model (2012)

Antitumor effects of non-hypercalcemic agent MT19c provide a new approach to the design of vitamin-D based anticancer molecules and a rationale for developing MT19c as a therapeutic agent for malignant ovarian tumors by targeting oncogenic de novo lipogenesis.
Flexible (Breathing) Interpenetrated Metal−Organic Frameworks for CO2 Separation Applications (2008)

A breathing 2-fold interpenetrated microporous metal-organic framework was synthesized with a flexible tetrahedral organic linker and Zn(2) clusters that sorb CO(2) preferably over N(2) and H(2).
Nonmethylated CG Motifs Packaged into Virus-Like Particles Induce Protective Cytotoxic T Cell Responses in the Absence of Systemic Side Effects (2004)

DNA rich in nonmethylated CG motifs (CpGs) greatly facilitates induction of immune responses against coadministered Ags. CpGs are therefore among the most promising adjuvants known to date. Nevertheless, CpGs are characterized by two drawbacks. They have unfavorable pharmacokinetics and may exhibit systemic side effects, including splenomegaly. We show in this study that packaging CpGs into virus-like particles (VLPs) derived from the hepatitis B core Ag or the bacteriophage Qbeta is a simple and attractive method to reduce these two problems. CpGs packaged into VLPs are resistant to DNase I digestion, enhancing their stability. In addition, and in contrast to free CpGs, packaging CpGs prevents splenomegaly in mice, without affecting their immunostimulatory capacity. In fact, vaccination with CpG-loaded VLPs was able to induce high frequencies of peptide-specific CD8(+) T cells (4-14%), protected from infection with recombinant vaccinia viruses, and eradicated established solid fibrosarcoma tumors. Thus, packaging CpGs into VLPs improves both their immunogenicity and pharmacodynamics.
Fluorodenitrations using tetramethylammonium fluoride (1993)

N. Boechat and J. H. Clark, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1993, 921 DOI: 10.1039/C39930000921
A Hydrogen Peroxide-Forming NADH Oxidase That Functions as an Alkyl Hydroperoxide Reductase in Amphibacillus xylanus (2000)

The Amphibacillus xylanus NADH oxidase, which catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide with beta-NADH, can also reduce hydrogen peroxide to water in the presence of free flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) or the small disulfide-containing Salmonella enterica AhpC protein. The enzyme has two disulfide bonds, Cys128-Cys131 and Cys337-Cys340, which can act as redox centers in addition to the enzyme-bound FAD (K. Ohnishi, Y. Niimura, M. Hidaka, H. Masaki, H. Suzuki, T. Uozumi, and T. Nishino, J. Biol. Chem. 270:5812-5817, 1995). The NADH-FAD reductase activity was directly dependent on the FAD concentration, with a second-order rate constant of approximately 2.0 x 10(6) M(-1) s(-1). Rapid-reaction studies showed that the reduction of free flavin occurred through enzyme-bound FAD, which was reduced by NADH. The peroxidase activity of NADH oxidase in the presence of FAD resulted from reduction of peroxide by free FADH(2) reduced via enzyme-bound FAD. This peroxidase activity was markedly decreased in the presence of oxygen, since the free FADH(2) is easily oxidized by oxygen, indicating that this enzyme system is unlikely to be functional in aerobic growing cells. The A. xylanus ahpC gene was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. When the NADH oxidase was coupled with A. xylanus AhpC, the peroxidase activity was not inhibited by oxygen. The V(max) values for hydrogen peroxide and cumene hydroperoxide reduction were both approximately 150 s(-1). The K(m) values for hydrogen peroxide and cumene hydroperoxide were too low to allow accurate determination of their values. Both AhpC and NADH oxidase were induced under aerobic conditions, a clear indication that these proteins are involved in the removal of peroxides under aerobic growing conditions.
Isolation, characterization and nucleotide sequences of the aroC genes encoding chorismate synthase from Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli (1990)

The aroC genes from Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli, encoding 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate phospholyase (chorismate synthase) were cloned in E. coli and their DNA sequences were determined. The aroC gene from S. typhi was isolated from a cosmid gene bank by complementation of an E. coli aroC mutant. The corresponding E. coli gene was isolated from a pBR322 gene bank by colony hybridization using DNA encoding the aroC gene from S. typhi as a hybridization probe. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence revealed that both genes have an open reading frame capable of encoding proteins comprising 361 amino acids. The calculated molecular mass of the protein from S. typhi is 39108 Da while that of the protein from E. coli is 39138 Da. Homology is particularly strong between the coding regions of the genes: 95% when protein sequences are compared, and 83% when DNA sequences are examined. Use of a deletion variant of the E. coli aroC gene demonstrates that the C-terminal 36 amino acids are not essential for the correct folding or functional activity of the chorismate synthase enzyme.
Principle of superposition in design of feedback control signals for dexterous multi-fingered robot hands (2002)

Concerns the skilled motions of a multifingered hand with soft fingertips in dexterous tasks, based on human ability. As an elementary example, dynamics of punching an object by means of two multi-DOF robot fingers with soft and deformable tips are derived and analyzed. It is shown that passivity analysis leads to effective design of a feedback control signal that realizes dynamic stable pinching, regardless of a complicated nonlinear structure of motion equation of the overall system in which extra terms of Lagrange's multipliers arise for holonomic constraints of tight area-contacts between finger-tips and object surfaces. It is shown that a principle of linear superposition is applicable to design of additional feedback signals for controlling both the posture (rotational angle) and the position (some of task coordinates of the mass center) of the object under the condition of unique stationary resolution of the controlled position-state variables. It is finally claimed that complexity of learning such an over-all skilled motion of pinching an object stably and controlling it at a prescribed posture and position can be drastically reduced from exponential order to linear order of the sum of complexities of learning each resolved from exponential order to linear order of the sum of complexities of learning each resolver motion separately, correspondingly to 1) stable pinching, 2) specification of the rotational angle for the object, and 3) that of some of position coordinates.
Adrenomedullin/Cyclic AMP Pathway Induces Notch Activation and Differentiation of Arterial Endothelial Cells From Vascular Progenitors (2006)

Adrenomedullin/cAMP is a novel signaling pathway to activate Notch signaling in differentiating ECs. Coordinated signaling of VEGF, Notch, and cAMP is required to induce arterial ECs from vascular progenitors.
Joint Base Station Clustering and Beamformer Design for Partial Coordinated Transmission in Heterogeneous Networks (2013)

We consider the interference management problem in a multicell MIMO heterogeneous network. Within each cell there is a large number of distributed micro/pico base stations (BSs) that can be potentially coordinated for joint transmission. To reduce coordination overhead, we consider user-centric BS clustering so that each user is served by only a small number of (potentially overlapping) BSs. Thus, given the channel state information, our objective is to jointly design the BS clustering and the linear beamformers for all BSs in the network. In this paper, we formulate this problem from a {sparse optimization} perspective, and propose an efficient algorithm that is based on iteratively solving a sequence of group LASSO problems. A novel feature of the proposed algorithm is that it performs BS clustering and beamformer design jointly rather than separately as is done in the existing approaches for partial coordinated transmission. Moreover, the cluster size can be controlled by adjusting a single penalty parameter in the nonsmooth regularized utility function. The convergence of the proposed algorithm (to a stationary solution) is guaranteed, and its effectiveness is demonstrated via extensive simulation.
Prophylaxis and Chemotherapy (2007)

This chapter analyses the available scientific literature regarding Cryptosporidium chemotherapy. It provides both successful and unsuccessful attempts to inactivate Cryptosporidium using both chemical and immunologic intervention strategies. Numerous compounds have undergone efficacy evaluations against Cryptosporidium spp. in nonhuman hosts. Results were obtained from studies that focused on treatment of naturally acquired infections, or treatment or prophylaxis of experimentally induced infections or disease. The complete resolution of cryptosporidial diarrhea was observed in two children, immunocompromised after receiving chemotherapy, treated with 40 mg/kg azithromycin. In another study, children undergoing chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia developed cryptosporidiosis and were successfully treated with azithromycin. Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy was introduced in 1996 and has decreased the number of opportunistic viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections in HIV patients. It has become both a prophylactic and chemotherapeutic treatment for cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised patients, with numerous cases reporting that the therapy can resolve cryptosporidiosis in most immunocompromised patients.
Effects of antiviral therapy on the cellular immune response in acute hepatitis C (2004)

Spontaneous recovery occurs in a minority of patients with acute hepatitis C but is associated with vigorous and long-lasting cellular immune responses. Treatment-induced recovery can be achieved in the majority of patients who are treated in the acute phase, but the kinetics and mechanisms of viral clearance and immune responsiveness are not known. Both direct antiviral effects and indirect immune-mediated effects, such as immune modulation of Th2 to Th1 responses and prevention of exhaustion of cellular responses by rapid reduction of viral titer, have been proposed. To investigate how early antiviral therapy affects hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific T cell responses, we performed detailed prospective clinical, virological, and immunological studies on 7 patients with acute hepatitis C who received antiviral therapy and were followed at 2 to 4 week intervals for 1 to 2 years. The total CD4(+) and CD8(+) cell response was analyzed with 600 overlapping HCV peptides and 6 proteins by ex vivo enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot), intracellular cytokine staining, and proliferation assays. In contrast to earlier studies with selected HCV epitopes, this extended analysis detected multispecific interferon gamma(+) (IFN-gamma(+)) responses in each patient, even in the absence of T-cell proliferation. After initiation of antiviral therapy (at a mean of 20 weeks after infection), all sustained responders demonstrated gradually decreasing, then nearly absent HCV-specific T-cell responses, whereas the sole patient who developed viral breakthrough after initial HCV control maintained cellular immune responses. In conclusion, a sustained response to antiviral therapy was not associated with a lasting enhancement of HCV-specific T-cell responsiveness in the blood.
Sensitive Radioimmuno Assay for 2′,5′-Oligoadenylates Using a Novel 125I-Labeled Derivative of 2′,5′-TriadenyIate 5′-Triphosphate (1985)

A novel 125I-labeled derivative of 2',5'-triadenylate 5'-triphosphate, pppA2'p5'A2'p5'A, with high specific radioactivity was synthesized by coupling of periodate-oxidized pA2'p5'A2'p5'A with beta-alanyltyrosine methyl ester followed by 5'-triphosphorylation and iodination with 125I. Antisera toward 2',5'-oligoadenylate 5'-triphosphate were produced in rabbits by immunization with the conjugate of pppA2'p5'A2'p5'A2'p5'A with bovine serum albumin, and an antiserum with high specificity and high sensitivity for 2',5'-oligoadenylates was selected and tested extensively. Radioimmuno assaying of 2',5'-oligoadenylates was carried out by a competitive double antibody method in which the amount of the antibody bound to the 125I-labeled probe was measured after precipitation with goat anti-rabbit IgG. The concentration of pppA2'p5'A2'p5'A required for 50% inhibition of the binding between the antiserum and the probe was 0.6 nM. The cross reactivity of the antiserum with the 3',5'-triadenylate was more than 10,000 times weaker compared to in the case of 2',5'-oligoadenylates. Very low or no cross reaction was observed with ATP, AMP, and adenosine. The radioimmuno assay using the 125I-labeled compound and the antiserum allows the direct analysis of 2',5'-oligoadenylates in the range of 4 fmol to 1 pmol (0.04-10 nM in a 100 microliter sample). This assay was applied to the measurement of the activity of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase in cells stimulated by interferon. The properties of the 125I-labeled derivative of pppA2'p5'A2'p5'A are described.
Symptomatic lower extremity deep venous thrombosis: accuracy, limitations, and role of color duplex flow imaging in diagnosis. (1990)

Color duplex flow imaging (CDFI) permits pain- and risk-free direct imaging of the deep venous system of the lower extremities. To prospectively ascertain the accuracy and limitations of this technique, CDFI was performed in 75 lower limbs of 69 consecutive patients referred for venographic evaluation of clinically suspected lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT). The CDFI study was obtained within 24 hours of the contrast venogram. Both studies were interpreted without knowledge of the patient's clinical findings or the results of the other test. Contrast venography was regarded as the standard for diagnosis of DVT. Accuracy was 99% for detection of DVT above the knee and 81% below the knee. Sonographic evaluation of the calf veins was technically adequate in 60% of limbs; accuracy was 98% in this group. In the 40% of limbs with technically limited CDFI studies of the calf, accuracy decreased to 57%. Although small nonocclusive thrombi occurred infrequently in this series of symptomatic patients, CDFI missed three of four such thrombi. It is concluded that CDFI, when not technically compromised, is sufficiently accurate to definitively diagnose symptomatic lower extremity DVT.
Sodium Hydride/Trialkylaluminum Complexes for the Controlled Anionic Polymerization of Styrene at High Temperature (2006)

Abstract Summary: A new generation of anionic initiators (butyllithium free), based on trialkylaluminum and a readily available alkali metal hydride, has been developed for the control of styrene polymerization at high temperature. Triisobutylaluminum and sodium hydride form heterocomplexes that are efficient for the initiation of styrene polymerization at 100 °C in toluene or in bulk. To be active under such conditions, these systems require the presence of an excess of metal hydride with respect to AlR 3 ([Al]/[Na] &lt; 1). PS chains are specifically initiated by the hydrides coming from NaH, and molar masses are controlled in the range 0.8 &lt; [Al]/[Na] &lt; 1. Fast exchange between dormant 1:1 and active 1:2 complexes (Al:Na), and ligand rearrangements within the 1:2 complex, can explain the observed results. Initiation of styrene with i ‐Bu 3 Al/NaH systems. magnified image Initiation of styrene with i ‐Bu 3 Al/NaH systems.
Ocular Surface and External Filtration Surgery: Mutual Relationships (2012)

There is a large body of evidence from clinical and experimental studies that the long-term use of topical drugs may induce ocular surface changes, causing ocular discomfort, dry eye, conjunctival inflammation, subconjunctival fibrosis, corneal surface impairment, and, as a consequence of chronic ocular surface changes, the potential risk of failure for further glaucoma surgery. Subclinical inflammation has also been widely described in patients receiving antiglaucoma treatments for long periods of time, with inflammatory cell infiltration and fibroblast activation in the conjunctiva and subconjunctival space. The preservative, especially benzalkonium chloride, which has consistently demonstrated its toxic effects in laboratory, experimental, and clinical studies, could induce or enhance such inflammatory changes. As a quaternary ammonium, this compound causes tear film instability, loss of goblet cells, conjunctival squamous metaplasia and apoptosis, disruption of the corneal epithelium barrier, corneal nerve impairment, chronic inflammation and potential damage to deeper ocular tissues. Drug-induced adverse effects are therefore far from being restricted to only allergic reactions, but they are often very difficult to identify because they mostly occur in a delayed or poorly specific manner, and result from complex and multifactorial interactions between the drugs and the ocular surface. Postoperatively, the ocular surface also plays an important role, as the conjunctiva interacts with aqueous humor and subconjunctival fibrosis may block aqueous outflow and cause surgical failure. As preoperative inflammation underlies postoperative fibrosis and therefore surgical outcome, a better knowledge of ocular surface changes with appropriate evaluation and management should thus become a new paradigm in glaucoma care over the long term.
Corrigenda for vol. 96, p. 1097 (2004)

CORRIGENDACorrigenda for vol. 96, p. 1097Published Online:01 Jun 2004https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00321.2004Original articleMoreSectionsPDF (250 KB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations Volume 96, March 2004 Pages 1097–1104: Sukho Lee, Elisabeth R. Barton, H. Lee Sweeney, and Roger P. Farrar. “Viral expression of insulin-like growth factor-I enhances muscle hypertrophy in resistance-trained rats.” Figure 4 is replaced to observe a larger field of view. The new Figure 4 appears below. Fig. 4.Analysis of muscle fiber nucleation by immunohistochemistry. Representative images of frozen cross sections that had been stained with α-laminin to delineate the sarcolemma and with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole to reveal that all nuclei are shown for each experimental condition. Central nuclei (arrows) were apparent in all rAAVIGF-I-injected cross sections and were most prominent in muscles from the RT + IGF group.Download figureDownload PowerPoint This article has no references to display. Download PDF Previous Back to Top FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Related ArticlesViral expression of insulin-like growth factor-I enhances muscle hypertrophy in resistance-trained rats 01 Mar 2004Journal of Applied Physiology More from this issue > Volume 96Issue 6June 2004Pages 2343-2343 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 the American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00321.2004History Published online 1 June 2004 Published in print 1 June 2004 Metrics