gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PEFG (Cisplatin, Epirubicin, 5-Fluorouracil, Gemcitabine) Regimen as Second-Line Therapy in Patients With Progressive or Recurrent Pancreatic Cancer After Gemcitabine-Containing Chemotherapy (2008)

PEFG regimen in gemcitabine refractory pancreatic cancer had an acceptable toxicity profile and interesting activity, and may constitute a treatment option in this setting.
Lithium storage in a metal organic framework with diamondoid topology – a case study on metal formates (2010)

In this manuscript, a systematic investigation on the electrochemical performance of as-synthesized metal organic framework (MOF) Zn3(HCOO)6 with diamondoid structure for the Li storage using conversion reaction at low potential is described. Nearly an invariable capacity of 560 mAh g−1 (9.6 moles of Li) was obtained up to 60 cycles at 60 mA g−1 within the voltage range 0.005–3.0 V. The regeneration of the MOF during the cycling and the improved cyclability are evidenced from the electrochemical results along with ex situ PXRD, FTIR and TEM studies. The electrochemical cycling suggests that metal formate frameworks react reversibly with Li through conversion reaction. The matrix involved during the cycling was lithium formate rather than the typical Li2O and this is well supported by the ex situ FTIR results. The thermodynamic feasibility to transform the lithium formate to transition metal formate is more highly favored than from Li2O and this is further confirmed by reacting lithium formate with respective transition metal nitrates. The reversible formation or regeneration of FOR1 MOF plays a vital role in attaining the superior Li storage performance. Ultimately, the observation of improved storage performance and good cycling stability of Co3(HCOO)6 and Zn1.5Co1.5(HCOO)6, and the overall simple and eco-friendly synthesis method demonstrates that robust, thermally stable MOFs are a prospective class of electrode materials for Li ion batteries (LIBs).
Teichuronic acid reducing terminal N-acetylglucosamine residue linked by phosphodiester to peptidoglycan of Micrococcus luteus (1990)

Teichuronic acid-peptidoglycan complex isolated from Micrococcus luteus cells by lysozyme digestion in osmotically stabilized medium was treated with mild acid to cleave the linkage joining teichuronic acid to peptidoglycan. This labile linkage was shown to be the phosphodiester which joins N-acetylglucosamine, the residue located at the reducing end of the teichuronic acid, through its anomeric hydroxyl group to a 6-phosphomuramic acid, a residue of the glycan strand of peptidoglycan. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the lysozyme digest of cell walls demonstrated the presence of a phosphodiester which was converted to a phosphomonoester by the conditions which released teichuronic acid from cell walls. Reduction of acid-liberated reducing end groups by NaB3H4 followed by complete acid hydrolysis yielded [3H] glucosaminitol from the true reducing end residue of teichuronic acid and [3H]glucitol from the sites of fragmentation of teichuronic acid. The amount of N-acetylglucosamine detected was approximately stoichiometric with the amount of phosphate in the complex. Partial fragmentation of teichuronic acid provides an explanation of the previous erroneous identification of the reducing end residue.
Efficient Proton-Templated Synthesis of 18- to 38-Membered Tetraimino(amino)diphenol Macrocyclic Ligands:  Structural Features and Spectroscopic Properties (2004)

A whole range of Robson-type tetraiminodiphenol macrocyclic ligands have been prepared as their perchlorate salts [H4L](ClO4)2 in high yield (ca. 90%) by a single-step [2 + 2] condensation reaction between 4-methyl(or tert-butyl)-2,6-diformyl(or diacyl)phenols and alpha,omega-diaminoalkanes (C2-C12) in the presence of acetic acid and NaClO4. The reduction of these 18- to 38-membered macrocyclic salts with NaBH4 have afforded corresponding tetraaminodiphenol macrocycles H2L'. The X-ray crystal structures of two of the tetraiminodiphenol macrocycles with the C2 and C4 lateral chains have been determined, and the optimized configurations for all of the macrocycles have been obtained by molecular mechanics calculations. The macrocycles have been characterized by elemental analysis and by IR, absorption, emission, and NMR spectroscopic study. The protonated tetraiminodiphenol macrocycles exhibit strong fluoroscence in methanol, acetonitrile, and nitromethane and undergo quenching when treated with triethylamine. The neutral macrocycles H2L, isolated by treating [H4L](ClO4)2 with excess of triethylamine, lack luminescence, as do the reduced tetraaminodiphenol macrocycles H2L'. The hydrolytic cleavage of [H4L](ClO4)2 has been studied.
A Live Attenuated Bovine Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 Vaccine Is Safe, Infectious, Immunogenic, and Phenotypically Stable in Infants and Children (1995)

The safety, infectivity, immunogenicity, transmissibility, and phenotypic stability of an intranasal bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV-3) candidate vaccine was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV-3)-seronegative children, 92% were infected, and 92% developed a serum hemagglutination-inhibiting (HAI) antibody response to BPIV-3 and 61% to HPIV-3. Geometric mean HAI titers were 1:40 to BPIV-3 and 1:16 to HPIV-3. In studies to evaluate vaccine transmissibility, none of 14 placebo recipients in close contact with 14 vaccinees shed BPIV-3. BPIV-3 isolates from seronegative vaccinees retained the attenuation phenotype when tested in rhesus monkeys. Although it is difficult to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of such a vaccine in an open population of children who frequently become infected with HPIV-3, it appears that the live BPIV-3 vaccine is attenuated, infectious, immunogenic, poorly transmissible, and phenotypically stable and warrants further evaluation as a candidate vaccine in infants and children.
Chromatographic Separation of Highly Soluble Diamond Nanoparticles Prepared by Polyglycerol Grafting (2011)

Making even tiny diamonds valuable: Nanodiamonds (NDs) were covalently functionalized with hyperbranched polyglycerol (PG) by ring-opening polymerization to improve their suitability for biomedical applications (see scheme). The PG-grafted NDs were highly soluble not only in pure water (>20 mg mL−1), but also in a buffer (>16 mg mL−1), and were separated according to size by size-exclusion chromatography.
Antisense Research and Applications (1993)

1 Basic Principles of Antisense Therapeutics.- 2 Antisense Medicinal Chemistry.- 3 In Vitro Cellular Uptake, Distribution, and Metabolism of Oligonucleotides.- 4 Pharmacokinetic Properties of Phosphorothioates in Animals - Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Elimination.- 5 Toxicity of Oligodeoxynucleotide Therapeutic Agents.- 6 Pharmacokinetic Properties of Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides in Immune Stimulation by Oligonucleotides in Humans.- 7 Safety and Tolerance of Phosphorothioates in Humans.- 8 Inmune Stimulation by Oligonucleotides.- 9 Pharmacological Inhibition of Dopaminergic and Other Neurotransmitter Receptors Using Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotides.- 10 Pharmacological Effects of Antisense Oligonucleotide Inhibition of Immediate-Early Response Genes in the CNS.- 11 Inhibition of G Proteins by Antisense Drugs.- 12 Use of Antisense Oligonucleotides to Modify Inflammatory Processes.- 13 Antisense Oligonucleotides and Their Anticancer Activities.- 14 Pharmacological Activity of Antisense Oligonucleotides in Animal Models of Disease.- 15 Clincial Antiviral Activities.- 16 Antisense Oligonucleotides to Protein Kinase C-a and C-raf Kinase: Rationale and Clinical Experience in Patients with Solid Tumors.- 17 Nucleic Acid Therapeutics for Human Leukemia: Development and Early Clinical Experience with Oligodeoxynucleotides Directed at c-myb.- 18 Properties of ISIS 2302, an Inhibitor of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1, Humans.- 19 Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of Antisense Oligonucleotides Following Oral and Colorectal Administrations in Experimental Animals.- 20 Antisense Properties of Peptide Nucleic Acid.- 21 Triple Helix Strategies and Progress.
Characterization of monoclonal antibody 155.8 and partial characterization of its proteoglycan antigen on human melanoma cells. (1984)

Immunization of mice with a plasma membrane-enriched fraction from human malignant melanoma cells and subsequent generation of hybridomas resulted in the isolation of an IgG1 monoclonal antibody, 155.8, that recognizes chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. By cell binding analysis, 155.8 was shown to react with seven of eight cultured melanoma cell lines, but not with a variety of lymphoblastoid cell lines or cultured tumor cells derived from other solid tumor types. Indirect immunoprecipitation of the 155.8 antigen from intrinsically labeled melanoma cells revealed a glycoprotein of Mr = 250,000 and a sulfated molecule of Mr greater than 400,000. The antigen was identified as a chondroitin sulfate type A/C proteoglycan synthesized by melanoma cells on the basis of its sensitivity to chondroitinase ABC digestion and the identification of sulfated glycosaminoglycans released from the antigen immunoprecipitated by 155.8. The determinants recognized by antibodies 155.8 and 9.2.27, another anti-chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, immunoprecipitate only a proteoglycan from high density cesium chloride gradient fractions, (1.487 g/liter); however, they immunoprecipitate a free glycoprotein of Mr = 250,000 from low density fractions (1.317 g/liter). This demonstrated that the 155.8 and 9.2.27 determinants, both of which reside on the glycoprotein of Mr = 250,000, are also present in the proteoglycan, suggesting that this glycoprotein is the proteoglycan core protein. Monoclonal antibody 155.8 reacts with a determinant on the core protein distinct from that recognized by 9.2.27. Proteoglycans bearing 155.8 determinants are distributed on the surface of cultured melanoma cells in a punctated fashion that apparently resolves to short, filamentous structures at high magnification. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that 155.8-defined proteoglycans are found in freshly biopsied melanoma tissue, suggesting that these antigens are also synthesized in vivo by melanoma cells.
Review Article: The Silence of Genes in Transgenic Plants (1997)

In genetically modified plants, the introduced transgenes are sometimes not expressed. They can be silenced. Transgenes can also cause the silencing of endogenous plant genes if they are sufficiently homologous, a phenomenon known as co-suppression. Silencing occurs transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally but silencing of endogenous genes seems predominantly post-transcriptional. If viral transgenes are introduced and silenced, the posttranscriptional process also prevents homologous RNA viruses from accumulating ; this is a means of generating virus-resistant plants. A major goal of current research is to dissect the mechanism(s) of these sequence-homologydependent gene silencing phenomena. Various factors seem to play a role, including DNA methylation, transgene copy number and the repetitiveness of the transgene insert, transgene expression level, possible production of aberrant RNAs, and ectopic DNA-DNA interactions. The causal relationship between these factors and the link between transcriptional and post-transcriptional silencing is not always clear. In this review we discuss various observations associated with gene silencing and attempt to relate them.
Uptake and distribution of hepatocyte growth factor in normal and regenerating adult rat liver. (1994)

We have previously shown that systemically injected hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is primarily taken up by the liver. The present study shows that HGF injected systemically or through the portal circulation is retained primarily at periportal sites. The periportal retention of HGF seems to persist longer in regenerating liver. The percentage of the total HGF injected that was retained within the liver at 1 minute after injection varied with the dose. A maximal amount of 0.157 +/- 0.012 microgram of HGF per gram liver tissue is retained by normal liver. Analysis of the circulating form of HGF in the plasma showed a relative enrichment with time for the heterodimeric form of HGF. A portion of portally injected HGF, composed of both single chain and two chain (heterodimeric) form was excreted intact in the bile. This was found in both normal and regenerating liver. These studies show that the liver can sequester large amounts of HGF and that the sequestration occurs primarily at periportal sites. Our studies support the hypothesis that a nonlysosomal processing pathway for HGF is present in the liver.
PATE Gene Clusters Code for Multiple, Secreted TFP/Ly-6/uPAR Proteins That Are Expressed in Reproductive and Neuron-rich Tissues and Possess Neuromodulatory Activity (2008)

We report here syntenic loci in humans and mice incorporating gene clusters coding for secreted proteins each comprising 10 cysteine residues. These conform to three-fingered protein/Ly-6/urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) domains that shape three-fingered proteins (TFPs). The founding gene is PATE, expressed primarily in prostate and less in testis. We have identified additional human PATE-like genes (PATE-M, PATE-DJ, and PATE-B) that co-localize with the PATE locus, code for novel secreted PATE-like proteins, and show selective expression in prostate and/or testis. Anti-PATE-B-specific antibodies demonstrated the presence of PATE-B in the region of the sperm acrosome and at high levels on malignant prostatic epithelial cells. The syntenic mouse Pate-like locus encompasses 14 active genes coding for secreted proteins, which are all, except for Pate-P and Pate-Q, expressed primarily in prostate and/or testis. Pate-P and Pate-Q are expressed solely in placental tissue. Castration up-regulates prostate expression of mouse Pate-B and Pate-E, whereas testosterone ablates this induced expression. The sequence similarity between TFP/Ly-6/uPAR proteins that modulate activity of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and the PATE (Pate)-like proteins stimulated us to see whether these proteins possess analogous activity. Pharmacological studies showed significant modulation of the nicotinic acetylcholines by the PATE-B, Pate-C, and Pate-P proteins. In concert with these findings, certain PATE (Pate)-like genes were extensively expressed in neuron-rich tissues. Taken together, our findings indicate that in addition to participation of the PATE (Pate)-like genes in functions related to fertility and reproduction, some of them likely act as important modulators of neural transmission.
Host cell-derived cardiomyocytes in sex-mismatch cardiac allografts (2002)

Background: Mesenchymal precursor cells are able to respond to tissue signals and differentiate into a phenotype characteristic of mature cells of that tissue. We sought to investigate whether adult human cardiomyocytes can be derived from recipient precursor cells in sex-mismatched cardiac allografts. Methods: We studied four male patients who received hearts from female donors, and four female patients who received an allograft from a male donor. Four sex-matched transplant patients, two of each sex served as controls. Combined fluorescence in situ hybridization with probes specific for X-and Y-chromosomes and immunohistochemistry with a-actin was used to identify cardiac muscle cells 4 and 12 months after transplantation. Slides were examined with a fluorescence microscope to detect the presence of male cells with one X and one Y signal in the nucleus, and female cells containing two X signals. Results: Mature cardiomyocytes from the host (1-2%) were found in five endomyocardial biopsy specimens at 4 months, and in three specimens at 12 months. In addition, recipient cells negative for cytoplasmic a-actin were also identified (1-21% per slide). The number of infiltrating recipient cells was not associated with the degree of rejection of the sample or with the number of prior rejection episodes. Echocardiographic evaluation showed no improvement in cardiac performance in hearts from patients with more than 10% chimeric recipient cells. Conclusions: Our data confirm the existence of mature cardiomyocytes derived from host cells, likely mesenchymal precursors, in the adult cardiac allograft in vivo.
Solvent-free and aqueous Knoevenagel condensation of aromatic ketones with malononitrile (2004)

The microwave irradiation-assisted and thermal solvent-free Knoevenagel condensations of aromatic ketones with malononitrile catalyzed by NH 4 OAc or silica gel, and the uncatalyzed Knoevenagel condensations in refluxing water have been investigated.
Aggressive Encounters & White Fragility: Deconstructing the Trope of the Angry Black Woman (2017)

Black women in the United States are the frequent targets of bias-filled interactions in which aggressors: (1) denigrate Black women; and (2) blame those women who elect to challenge the aggressor’s acts and the bias that fuels them. This Article seeks to raise awareness of these “aggressive encounters” and to challenge a prevailing narrative about Black women and anger. It examines the myriad circumstances (both professional and social) in which aggressive encounters occur and the ways in which these encounters expose gender and racial hierarchies. It then explores how the intersectional nature of Black women’s identities triggers a particularized stereotype or trope of the “Angry Black Woman” and explains how this trope is often invoked in aggressive encounters to deflect attention from the aggressor and to project blame onto the target. After discussing the harmful effects of aggressive encounters and the absence of effective legal mechanisms to address them, the Article sets forth tangible steps that individuals can take to minimize their incidence.
Mutually exclusive redox forms of HMGB1 promote cell recruitment or proinflammatory cytokine release (2012)

Tissue damage causes inflammation, by recruiting leukocytes and activating them to release proinflammatory mediators. We show that high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) orchestrates both processes by switching among mutually exclusive redox states. Reduced cysteines make HMGB1 a chemoattractant, whereas a disulfide bond makes it a proinflammatory cytokine and further cysteine oxidation to sulfonates by reactive oxygen species abrogates both activities. We show that leukocyte recruitment and activation can be separated. A nonoxidizable HMGB1 mutant in which serines replace all cysteines (3S-HMGB1) does not promote cytokine production, but is more effective than wild-type HMGB1 in recruiting leukocytes in vivo. BoxA, a HMGB1 inhibitor, interferes with leukocyte recruitment but not with activation. We detected the different redox forms of HMGB1 ex vivo within injured muscle. HMGB1 is completely reduced at first and disulfide-bonded later. Thus, HMGB1 orchestrates both key events in sterile inflammation, leukocyte recruitment and their induction to secrete inflammatory cytokines, by adopting mutually exclusive redox states.
Molecular Characterization of a Functional cDNA Encoding the Serotonin 1c Receptor (1988)

Neurons that release serotonin as a neurotransmitter project to most regions of the central and peripheral nervous system and mediate diverse neural functions. The physiological effects of serotonin are initiated by the activation of multiple, distinct receptor subtypes. Cloning in RNA expression vectors was combined with a sensitive electrophysiological assay in Xenopus oocytes in order to isolate a functional cDNA clone encoding the 5HTlc serotonin receptor. Injection of RNA transcribed in vitro from this clone into Xenopus oocytes elicits serotonin sensitivity. Mouse fibroblasts transformed with this clone bind serotonin agonists and antagonists and exhibit an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in response to serotonin. The sequence of the 5HTlc receptor reveals that it belongs to the family of G protein-coupled receptors, which are thought to traverse the cytoplasmic membrane seven times. Moreover, in situ hybridization and RNA blot analysis indicate that the 5HTlc receptor is expressed in neurons in many regions of the central nervous system and suggest that this subclass of receptor may mediate many of the central actions of serotonin.
The Stem Cell-Associated Antigen CD133 (Prominin-1) Is a Molecular Therapeutic Target for Metastatic Melanoma (2008)

CD133 (Prominin-1) is considered the most important cancer stem cell (CSC)-associated marker identified so far, with increased expression in the CSC fraction of a large variety of human malignancies, including melanoma. Here we investigated the effects of CD133 downregulation in vitro and in vivo in human metastatic melanoma. The average number of CD133 molecules on the cell surface of FEMX-I melanoma cells was decreased by 8.7-fold and 1.8-fold using two different short hairpin RNAs. Downregulation of CD133, confirmed by immunocytochemistry, Western blotting, microarray analysis, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, resulted in slower cell growth, reduced cell motility, and decreased capacity to form spheroids under stem cell-like growth conditions. Clonal analysis revealed that the reduction in growth rate was proportional to the extent of CD133 downregulation. Monoclonal antibodies directed against two different epitopes of the CD133 protein induced a specific, dose-dependent cytotoxic effect in FEMX-I cells. The downregulation of CD133 severely reduced the capacity of the cells to metastasize, particularly to the spinal cord. In the CD133 downregulated cells, microarray analysis revealed expression changes for only 143 annotated genes (76 up- and 67 downregulated). Ten of the 76 upregulated genes coded for Wnt inhibitors, suggesting an interaction between CD133 and the canonical Wnt pathway. We conclude that CD133, in addition to its role as a CSC marker, is an important therapeutic target for metastatic melanoma and, potentially, for other CD133-expressing cancer types.
Cinnamic Anilides as New Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Inhibitors Endowed with Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Protective Effect in Vivo (2014)

In this account, we report the development of a series of substituted cinnamic anilides that represents a novel class of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) inhibitors. Initial class expansion led to the establishment of the basic structural requirements for activity and to the identification of derivatives with inhibitory potency higher than that of the standard inhibitor cyclosporine-A (CsA). These compounds can inhibit mPTP opening in response to several stimuli including calcium overload, oxidative stress, and thiol cross-linkers. The activity of the cinnamic anilide mPTP inhibitors turned out to be additive with that of CsA, suggesting for these inhibitors a molecular target different from cyclophylin-D. In vitro and in vivo data are presented for (E)-3-(4-fluoro-3-hydroxy-phenyl)-N-naphthalen-1-yl-acrylamide 22, one of the most interesting compounds in this series, able to attenuate opening of the mPTP and limit reperfusion injury in a rabbit model of acute myocardial infarction.