gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protection against lethal simian immunodeficiency virus SIVsmmPBj14 disease by a recombinant Semliki Forest virus gp160 vaccine and by a gp120 subunit vaccine (1996)

Infection of pigtail macaques with SIVsmmPBj14, biological clone 3 (SIV-PBj14-bc13), produces an acute and usually fatal shock-like syndrome 7 to 14 days after infection. We used this simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) model as a rapid and rigorous challenge to evaluate the efficacy of two SIV Env vaccine strategies. Groups of four pigtail macaques were immunized four times over a 25-week span with either a recombinant Semliki Forest virus expressing the SIV-PBj14 Env gp160 (SFV-SIVgp160) or purified recombinant SIV-PBj14 gp120 (rgp120) in SBN-1 adjuvant. Antibody titers to SIV Env developed in all immunized animals (mean peak titers prior to challenge, 1:1,700 for SFV-SIV gp 160 and 1:10,500 for rgp120), but neither neutralizing antibodies nor SIV-specific T-cell proliferative responses were detectable in any of the vaccinees. All macaques were challenged with a 100% infectious, 75% fatal dose of SIV-PBj14-bc13 at week 26. Three of four control animals died of acute SIV-PBj14 syndrome on days 12 and 13. By contrast, all four SFV-SIVgp160-immunized animals and three of the four rgp120-immunized animals were protected from lethal disease. While all virus-challenged animals became infected, symptoms of the SIV-PBj14 syndrome were more severe in controls than in vaccinees. Mean virus titers in plasma at 13 days postchallenge were approximately 10-fold lower in vaccinated than control animals. However, there was no apparent correlation between survival and levels of peripheral blood mononuclear cell-associated culturable virus, provirus load, or any antiviral immunologic parameter examined. The results indicate that while immunization with SFV-SIVgp160 and rgp120 did not protect against virus infection, these Env vaccines did lower the virus load in plasma and protect against the lethal SIV-PBj14 challenge.
Lowering Bile Acid Pool Size with a Synthetic Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) Agonist Induces Obesity and Diabetes through Reduced Energy Expenditure (2011)

We evaluated the metabolic impact of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) activation by administering a synthetic FXR agonist (GW4064) to mice in which obesity was induced by a high fat diet. Administration of GW4064 accentuated body weight gain and glucose intolerance induced by the high fat diet and led to a pronounced worsening of the changes in liver and adipose tissue. Mechanistically, treatment with GW4064 decreased bile acid (BA) biosynthesis, BA pool size, and energy expenditure, whereas reconstitution of the BA pool in these GW4064-treated animals by BA administration dose-dependently reverted the metabolic abnormalities. Our data therefore suggest that activation of FXR with synthetic agonists is not useful for long term management of the metabolic syndrome, as it reduces the BA pool size and subsequently decreases energy expenditure, translating as weight gain and insulin resistance. In contrast, expansion of the BA pool size, which can be achieved by BA administration, could be an interesting strategy to manage the metabolic syndrome.
Mast Cell Phenotype, Location, and Activation in Severe Asthma: Data from the Severe Asthma Research Program (2010)

Severe asthma is associated with a predominance of MC(TC) in the airway submucosa and epithelium. Activation of those MC(TC) may contribute to the increases in PGD2 levels. The data suggest an altered and active MC population contributes to SA pathology.
Optimizing electroporation parameters for a variety of human hematopoietic cell lines. (1988)

The parameters affecting electroporation of four human hematopoietic cell lines were investigated. The optimal conditions for electroporation are described for both transient and stable expression of foreign genes. A correlation exists between the levels of transient gene expression and stable transfection frequency. In addition, linear DNA yields higher stable transfection frequencies than supercoiled DNA. The cumulative results indicate that electroporation is a simple and useful method for obtaining transient and stable expression of foreign genes in human hematopoietic cells.
Ratiometric and Selective Fluorescent Sensor for CuIIBased on Internal Charge Transfer (ICT) (2005)

A Cu(II)-sensing, ratiometric, and selective fluorescent sensor 1, N-butyl-4,5-di[(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino]-1,8-naphthalimide, was designed and synthesized on the basis of the mechanism of internal charge transfer (ICT). In aqueous ethanol solutions of 1, the presence of Cu(II) induces the formation of a 1:1 metal-ligand complex, which exhibits a strong, increasing fluorescent emission centered at 475 nm at the expense of the fluorescent emission of 1 centered at 525 nm. [structure: see text]
Reconstitution of Golgi Disassembly by Mitotic Xenopus Egg Extract in Semi-Intact MDCK Cells (2006)

Semi-intact cells are cells with plasma membranes that have been permeabilized by bacterial pore-forming toxins or surfactants. The addition of mitotic Xenopus egg extract to semi-intact cells can reconstitute a number of intracellular events that occur specifically at the onset of mitosis. In this chapter, we describe methods for reconstituting the disassembly of the Golgi apparatus by introducing mitotic Xenopus egg extract into semi-intact Mardin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. The Golgi apparatus was visualized in the cells by expression of green fluorescence protein (GFP)-tagged galactosyltransferase, a marker of trans-Golgi cisternae. Xenopus egg extracts arrested at mitosis or interphase were then prepared and added to the semi-intact MDCK cells. Disassembly of the Golgi apparatus was induced by mitotic Xenopus egg extract. This system can be used not only to elucidate the factors that are involved in the reconstitution process, but also to dissect the process into several elementary steps morphologically and biochemically.
Songs of William Blake (2008)

Songs of William Blake Get access Songs of William Blake. Compact Disc. By Kevin Hutchings. Toronto, 2007. C$16.99. Available online through IndiePool.com. Ian Marshall Ian Marshall Penn State Altoona Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ISLE: Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment, Volume 15, Issue 2, Summer 2008, Pages 271–272, https://doi.org/10.1093/isle/15.2.271 Published: 01 July 2008
Localization of the autosomal dominant HLA-linked spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA1) locus, in two kindreds, within an 8-cM subregion of chromosome 6p. (1991)

Two large kindreds with HLA-linked, autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA1) were examined with markers from chromosome 6p to determine the location of the SCA1 locus. Results of the three-point analysis between the markers HLA-A, SCA1, and F13A overwhelmingly favor the conclusion that SCA1 is located distal of HLA and proximal of F13A. In addition, our data strongly support the conclusion that SCA1 lies centromeric and genetically very close to the highly informative D6S89 marker within the 8-cM chromosomal segment flanked by the D6S88 and D6S89 markers. In the two kindreds, one recombinant was observed between D6S89 and SCA1, resulting in a recombination fraction of .014 between the two loci.
A region of the C-terminal tail of the gp41 envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 contains a neutralizing epitope: evidence for its exposure on the surface of the virion (2003)

The approximately 150 amino acid C-terminal tail of the gp41 transmembrane glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is generally thought to be located inside the virion. However, we show here that both monoclonal IgG and polyclonal epitope-purified IgG specific for the (746)ERDRD(750) epitope that lies within the C-terminal tail neutralized infectious virus. IgG was mapped to the C-terminal tail by its failure to neutralize tail-deleted virus, and by sequencing of antibody-escape mutants. The fact that antibody does not cross lipid membranes, and infectious virus is by definition intact, suggested that ERDRD was exposed on the surface of the virion. This was confirmed by reacting virus and IgG, separating virus and unbound IgG by centrifugation, and showing that virus was neutralized to essentially the same extent as virus that had been in constant contact with antibody. Epitope exposure on virions was independent of temperature and therefore constitutive. Monoclonal antibodies specific to epitopes PDRPEG and IEEE, upstream of ERDRD, also bound to virions, suggesting that they too were located externally. Protease digestion destroyed the ERDRD and PDRPEG epitopes, consistent with their proposed external location. Altogether these data are consistent with part of the C-terminal tail of gp41 being exposed on the outside of the virion. Possible models of the structure of the gp41 tail, taking these observations into account, are discussed.
Phenotypic characteristics of Branhamella catarrhalis strains (1989)

Isolates of Branhamella catarrhalis from 13 patients with pneumonia, 6 patients with tracheobronchitis, and 8 patients who were colonized with the organism were studied with respect to susceptibility to the bactericidal action of normal human serum (NHS), glass slide hemagglutination (HA) of group O human erythrocytes, beta-lactamase production, and susceptibility to selected antimicrobial agents and laboratory drugs. A total of 18 of 27 isolates were serum resistant, 22 of 27 produced HA, and 21 of 27 were beta-lactamase positive. Statistically significant correlations were found between susceptibility to NHS and susceptibility to trypsin (r = +0.47; P = 0.01) and between susceptibility to NHS and HA (r = -0.48; P = 0.009). Significant correlations were also observed among several pairs of antimicrobial drugs. Analysis of variance showed that mean ampicillin MICs correlated with isolate group (r = -0.49; P = 0.03) in that the pneumonia isolates had higher MICs. Some phenotypic characteristics appeared to be independent of each other. These data suggest that important differences exist among clinically significant B. catarrhalis strains and that these differences may be due to differences in the cell wall envelope of the organism.
Blood-brain barrier disruption induced by diagnostic ultrasound combined with microbubbles in mice (2017)

The extent of BBB disruption was qualitatively assessed by Evans blue (EB) staining and quantitatively analyzed by an EB extravasation measurement. A histological examination was performed to evaluate tissue damage. Expression of tight junction (TJ) related proteins ZO-1, occludin and claudin-5 was determined by western blotting analysis and immunohistofluorescence. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to observe ultrastructure changes of TJs after BBB disruption.
Different Potential of Extracellular Vesicles to Support Thrombin Generation: Contributions of Phosphatidylserine, Tissue Factor, and Cellular Origin (2017)

Abstract Cells release diverse types of vesicles constitutively or in response to proliferation, injury, inflammation, or stress. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial in intercellular communication, and there is emerging evidence for their roles in inflammation, cancer, and thrombosis. We investigated the thrombogenicity of platelet-derived EVs, which constitute the majority of circulating EVs in human blood, and assessed the contributions of phosphatidylserine and tissue factor exposure on thrombin generation. Addition of platelet EVs to vesicle-free human plasma induced thrombin generation in a dose-dependent manner, which was efficiently inhibited by annexin V, but not by anti-tissue factor antibodies, indicating that it was primarily due to the exposure of phosphatidylserine on platelet EVs. Platelet EVs exhibited higher thrombogenicity than EVs from unstimulated monocytic THP-1 cells, but blockade of contact activation significantly reduced thrombin generation by platelet EVs. Stimulation of monocytic cells with lipopolysaccharide enhanced their thrombogenicity both in the presence and in the absence of contact activation, and thrombin generation was efficiently blocked by anti-tissue factor antibodies. Our study provides evidence that irrespective of their cellular origin, EVs support the propagation of coagulation via the exposure of phosphatidylserine, while the expression of functional tissue factor on EVs appears to be limited to pathological conditions.
Rapid Changes in Phospho-MAP/Tau Epitopes during Neuronal Stress: Cofilin-Actin Rods Primarily Recruit Microtubule Binding Domain Epitopes (2011)

Abnormal mitochondrial function is a widely reported contributor to neurodegenerative disease including Alzheimer's disease (AD), however, a mechanistic link between mitochondrial dysfunction and the initiation of neuropathology remains elusive. In AD, one of the earliest hallmark pathologies is neuropil threads comprising accumulated hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein (MAP) tau in neurites. Rod-like aggregates of actin and its associated protein cofilin (AC rods) also occur in AD. Using a series of antibodies--AT270, AT8, AT100, S214, AT180, 12E8, S396, S404 and S422--raised against different phosphoepitopes on tau, we characterize the pattern of expression and re-distribution in neurites of these phosphoepitope labels during mitochondrial inhibition. Employing chick primary neuron cultures, we demonstrate that epitopes recognized by the monoclonal antibody 12E8, are the only species rapidly recruited into AC rods. These results were recapitulated with the actin depolymerizing drug Latrunculin B, which induces AC rods and a concomitant increase in the 12E8 signal measured on Western blot. This suggests that AC rods may be one way in which MAP redistribution and phosphorylation is influenced in neurons during mitochondrial stress and potentially in the early pathogenesis of AD.
Expression of Angiogenesis-Related Genes and Progression of Human Ovarian Carcinomas in Nude Mice (1998)

The expression of various genes that regulate angiogenesis in human ovarian carcinomas is associated with the pattern of the disease and its progression. Therefore, targeting specific genes that regulate angiogenesis could offer new approaches to the treatment of ovarian cancer.
CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF HYDROXYMETYLATION REACTION OF ALKALI LIGNIN (2008)

The hydroxymethylation of alkali lignin with formaldehyde in alkaline solution was studied. The influence of reaction conditions of the hydroxymethylation of alkali lignin was followed by modifying the temperature, time, and the ratios of NaOH to lignin and CH2O to lignin. Three different types of alkali lignin were utilized. The reaction was followed by total consumption of formaldehyde, and the resulting products were characterized through FTIR-spectra, thermogravimetry analysis, ash and moisture contents, as well as by the amounts of OH groups.
Shape dependent electrocatalysis (2011)

In this paper we will review the state-of-the-art in the application of shape-controlled metal nanoparticles in Electrocatalysis, especially in reactions of interest in PEMFCs such as O2reduction and CO, methanol, ethanol and formic acid electrooxidations. In particular, we will focus our attention on shape-controlled platinum (Pt), gold (Au) and palladium (Pd) nanoparticles. In addition, electrocatalytic applications of shape-controlled Pt-based alloy nanoparticles will be also reviewed. The results reported will highlight how important can be controlling the shape of the nanocatalyst and how effective this parameter may be to improve the activity and thus, develop highly active electrocatalysts.
Universal premises access to voice band and ATM networks using a broadband interworking gateway (2002)

Many large enterprises that access high bandwidth data services from their networks are using narrowband voice channels to mimic high bandwidth data lines. Data traffic is being transported by service providers via their narrowband networks, which, in turn, causes congestion and resource problems for the providers. The service providers, desiring a more efficient use of their networks, would like to move this traffic to an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network but do not want to force their customers to change their access methods or lose valuable network features such as dialing plans. This paper proposes a network architecture that will preserve customers' present access methods, preserve the features to which they have become accustomed, and aggregate the high bandwidth traffic onto an ATM network. The heart of the solution is a new element known as the broadband interworking gateway (BBIG), which bridges the customer premises access to both the voice band network and the ATM network. An implementation solution that modifies and enhances the present configuration of the 5ESS® switch is also proposed.
Human phospholamban null results in lethal dilated cardiomyopathy revealing a critical difference between mouse and human (2003)

In human disease and experimental animal models, depressed Ca(2+) handling in failing cardiomyocytes is widely attributed to impaired sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) function. In mice, disruption of the PLN gene encoding phospholamban (PLN) or expression of dominant-negative PLN mutants enhances SR and cardiac function, but effects of PLN mutations in humans are unknown. Here, a T116G point mutation, substituting a termination codon for Leu-39 (L39stop), was identified in two families with hereditary heart failure. The heterozygous individuals exhibited hypertrophy without diminished contractile performance. Strikingly, both individuals homozygous for L39stop developed dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure, requiring cardiac transplantation at ages 16 and 27. An over 50% reduction in PLN mRNA and no detectable PLN protein were noted in one explanted heart. The expression of recombinant PLN-L39stop in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells and adult rat cardiomyocytes showed no PLN inhibition of SR Ca(2+)-ATPase and the virtual absence of stable PLN expression; where PLN was expressed, it was misrouted to the cytosol or plasma membrane. These findings describe a naturally-occurring loss-of-function human PLN mutation (PLN null). In contrast to reported benefits of PLN ablation in mouse heart failure, humans lacking PLN develop lethal dilated cardiomyopathy.
Visual simulation of smoke (2001)

In this paper, we propose a new approach to numerical smoke simulation for computer graphics applications. The method proposed here exploits physics unique to smoke in order to design a numerical method that is both fast and efficient on the relatively coarse grids traditionally used in computer graphics applications (as compared to the much finer grids used in the computational fluid dynamics literature). We use the inviscid Euler equations in our model, since they are usually more appropriate for gas modeling and less computationally intensive than the viscous Navier-Stokes equations used by others. In addition, we introduce a physically consistent vorticity confinement term to model the small scale rolling features characteristic of smoke that are absent on most coarse grid simulations. Our model also correctly handles the inter-action of smoke with moving objects.
Catalytic, Enantioselective Synthesis ofα-Aminonitriles with a Novel Zirconium Catalyst (1998)

Strecker reactions of aldimines with Bu<sub>3</sub> SnCN in the presence of the novel chiral zirconium binuclear catalyst 1 provide α-aminonitriles in good yields and with high enantioselectivities. The reaction can be applied to a wide range of substrates. Since both enantiomers of the chiral sources are readily avaibable, both enantiomers of the α-aminonitriles are easily prepared according to this method. L=N-methylimidazole.
Integrating communication and information through ContactMap (2002)

Visualizing personal social networks, the system allows users to model and arrange their own in maps of individual contacts and groups, along with the relationships among them.
Spiegelmer Inhibition of CCL2/MCP-1 Ameliorates Lupus Nephritis in MRL-(Fas)lpr Mice (2007)

The monocyte chemoattractant protein CCL2 is crucial for monocyte and T cell recruitment from the vascular to the extravascular compartment at sites of inflammation. CCL2 is expressed in human lupus nephritis and was shown to mediate experimental lupus; therefore, CCL2 antagonists may be beneficial for therapy. This study describes the l-enantiomeric RNA oligonucleotide mNOX-E36, a so-called Spiegelmer that binds murine CCL2 with high affinity and neutralizes its action in vitro and in vivo. The mirror image configuration of the Spiegelmer confers nuclease resistance and thus excellent biostability. mNOX-E36 does not induce type I IFN via Toll-like receptor-7 or cytosolic RNA receptors, as recently shown for certain synthetic D-RNA. Autoimmune-prone MRL(lpr/lpr) mice that were treated with a polyethylene glycol form of mNOX-E36 from weeks 14 to 24 of age showed prolonged survival associated with a robust improvement of lupus nephritis, peribronchial inflammation, and lupus-like inflammatory skin lesions. Thus, mNOX-E36-based inhibition of CCL2 represents a novel strategy for the treatment of autoimmune tissue injury, such as lupus nephritis.
Bone and soft tissue response from a phase I/II study with ODM-201 in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). (2014)

102^ Background: ODM-201 is a novel potent full androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor for CRPC. ODM-201 has excellent nonclinical efficacy in xenograft studies and high PSA response rate in CYP17i-naïve CRPC patients in the phase I/II ARADES study. Methods: To further analyze clinical efficacy of ODM-201 in CRPC pts we evaluated the overall response rate (ORR) in ARADES phase I/II study (Fizazi et al. Abstract #2853, ECC2013, Amsterdam 28 Sept 2013 ).Patients (pts) were enrolled into three dose levels 100mg bid, 200mg bid and 700mg bid. Results: All eligible 124 pts had progressive mCRPC; 37 pts were pre-chemo/CYP17i-naïve, 32 post-chemo/CYP17i-naïve and 55 post-CYP17i. Thirty-two (86%) pts in the pre-chemo/CYP17i-naïve group, 27 (84%) post-chemo/CYP17i-naïve and 48 (87%) post-CYP17i had bone disease at baseline. Similarly, twenty-two (29%) pts, 19 (59%) and 36 (65%), respectively had RECIST-define measurable disease. Median baseline PSA was 101ng/mL (3-1294) in pre-chemo/CYP17-i-naïve group, 94ng/mL (8-663) in post-chemo/CYP17-i-naïve group, and 139ng/mL (9-5000) in post-CYP17i group. CTC count was over 5CTCs per 7.5ml in 43% of the pts in pre-chemo/CYP17-i-naïve group, 41% in post-chemo/CYP17-i-naïve group and 44% in postCYP17i group. ORR data is presented in table below. Conclusions: Although RECIST-define responses were observed across the 3 different group of pts treated with ODM-201 the vast majority of pts had RECIST-defined SD up to 12 weeks. These data are in line with PSA data reported previously that demonstrate the clinical activity of ODM-201 in men with mCRPC. Clinical trial information: NCT01317641, NCT01429064. [Table: see text]