gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phosphatidylserine-mediated adhesion of T-cells to endothelial cells (1996)

Phosphatidylserine was exposed on the surface of human umbilical endothelial cells (ECV304) a few minutes after adding thrombin in vitro, as monitored by prothrombinase assays with and without annexin V. Jurkat T cells adhered to the thrombin-treated cells. The adhesion was inhibited by annexin V, indicating that it was mediated by exposed phosphatidylserine on the endothelial cells.
Description logics in data management (1995)

Description logics and reasoners, which are descendants of the KL-ONE language, have been studied in depth in artificial intelligence. After a brief introduction, we survey their application to the problems of information management, using the framework of an abstract information server equipped with several operations-each involving one or more languages. Specifically, we indicate how one can achieve enhanced access to data and knowledge by using descriptions in languages for schema design and integration, queries, answers, updates, rules, and constraints.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Rifaximin Therapy for Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome without Constipation (2011)

Among patients who had IBS without constipation, treatment with rifaximin for 2 weeks provided significant relief of IBS symptoms, bloating, abdominal pain, and loose or watery stools. (Funded by Salix Pharmaceuticals; ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00731679 and NCT00724126.).
The genome sequence of E. coli W (ATCC 9637): comparative genome analysis and an improved genome-scale reconstruction of E. coli (2011)

The genome of W is more similar to commensal and pathogenic B1 strains than phylogroup A strains, and therefore has greater utility for comparative analyses with these strains. W should therefore be the strain of choice, or 'type strain' for group B1 comparative analyses. The genome annotation and tools created here are expected to allow further utilization and development of E. coli W as an industrial organism for sucrose-based bioprocesses. Refinements in our E. coli metabolic reconstruction allow it to more accurately define E. coli metabolism relative to previous models.
Micro freef‐low IEF enhanced by active cooling and functionalized gels (2006)

Rapid free-flow IEF is achieved in a microfluidic device by separating the electrodes from the focusing region with porous buffer regions. Moving the electrodes outside enables the use of large electric fields without the detrimental effects of bubble formation in the active region. The anode and cathode porous buffer regions, which are formed by acrylamide functionalized with immobilized pH groups, allow ion transport while providing buffering capacity. Thermoelectric cooling mitigates the effects of Joule heating on sample focusing at high field strengths (approximately 500 V/cm). This localized cooling was observed to increase device performance. Rapid focusing of low-molecular-weight p/ markers and Protein G-mouse IgG complexes demonstrate the versatility of the technique. Simulations provide insight into and predict device performance based on a well-defined sample composition.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Regional Therapy with a Magnetic Targeted Carrier Bound to Doxorubicin in a Dual MR Imaging/ Conventional Angiography Suite—Initial Experience with Four Patients (2004)

Four patients with inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma were treated with a magnetic targeted carrier bound to doxorubicin (MTC-DOX) by using a joint magnetic resonance (MR) imaging/conventional angiography system consisting of a 1.5-T short-bore magnet connected to a C-arm angiography unit by a sliding tabletop. Selective transcatheter delivery of the MTC-DOX to the hepatic artery was monitored by using intraprocedural MR imaging, and interim catheter manipulation was performed with fluoroscopic guidance to optimize agent delivery to the tumor and minimize delivery to normal tissue. The final fraction of treated tumor volume ranged from 0.64 to 0.91. The fraction of affected normal liver volume ranged from 0.07 to 0.30. The dual MR imaging/conventional angiography system shows promise for directing magnetically targeted tumor therapies.
Knowledge sharing in emerging economies (2011)

Purpose One of the new factors in Eastern European countries (and there is an acknowledgement that this aspect is displayed in other countries too) is this concept of freely sharing information, i.e. the concept of what is known in knowledge management (KM) literature of “Knowledge Sharing”. Sharing only takes place where there is trust and where there is a shared feeling of ownership of goals. The reasons behind the tendency to share are based on the kind of interpersonal relations between co‐workers inherent within the organization and the effects of social relationships within organizational teams. Strengthening the social relationships between individuals in the team is crucial in motivating team members to share knowledge. The purpose of this paper is to add to the understanding of how KM impacts on an small‐ to medium‐sized enterprise (SME) and create a framework of best practice of KM in SMEs. Design/methodology/approach New research is currently investigating the concept of “sharing social relationships” and one of the aims of the project is to investigate the barriers to sharing information in a particular type of business – that of the (SME) in order to form a comparative study. The results of the study will be used to from a model of “information sharing best practice” for SME which are setting up or using KM systems. The paper will examine the barriers to sharing in two newly emerging economies (Poland and Hungary) and one relatively established economy (the UK). At the time of writing, the work with Poland and Hungary has been completed and this paper gives the initial results from the Hungarian study. Findings The findings are complex and varied but in the case of the Hungarian results there is a clear energy, enthusiasm and commitment to knowledge sharing in order to ensure the success of the business. Research limitations/implications Emerging economies are by their nature changing economies and so this work forms a snapshot of life at a particular moment in time. Practical implications The paper shows that there is a need for an increase in training, and that government support is helpful and enabling. Originality/value Knowledge sharing is important and the study described in the paper will allow cross comparisons between different countries. It is intended that a model of best practice will be one of the outcomes of the project.
Pruritogenic mediators in psoriasis vulgaris: comparative evaluation of itch-associated cutaneous factors (2003)

These data document for the first time itch-related local markers in psoriasis, and suggest complex and multifactorial mechanisms of pruritus in the disease. These results provide the groundwork for further studies to evaluate the efficacy of antipruritic treatment for psoriatic patients.
Iglesia y estado en filipinas: las órdenes religiosas y la cuestión de los curatos (1776-1872) (2004)

La investigacion contenida en esta tesis doctoral aborda una de las conflictividades mas fuertes habidas en el marco del dominio colonial de Espana en Filipinas. En la problematica suscitada en tomo a la administracion de los cuantos se encuentran los primeros indicios de la formacion de la conciencia nacional del pueblo filipino. Es objeto de atencion en este litigio la peculiar morfologia del dominio de las islas a traves de las retaciones entre el clero regular y la jerarquia colonial. Se hace especial hincapie en el proceso de secularizacion de parroquias acontecido entre 1776 y 1826, y en el conjunto de reales ordenas emitidas en 1826,1848,1849 y 1861 en materia de curatos. De igual modo se analiza en profundidad el gran pleito suscitado entre las ordenes religiosas, la jerarquia diocesana, el clero secular y las autoridades civiles entre 1859 y 1872. El trabajo se cierra en 1872, ano en que acontece el motin. No obstante la monografia relaciona todo el litigio con los sucesos de fin de siglo por medio de un oportuno epilogo.
Impact of Common Polymorphisms in Candidate Genes for Insulin Resistance and Obesity on Weight Loss of Morbidly Obese Subjects after Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding and Hypocaloric Diet (2005)

These data demonstrate that genetic factors, which play an important role in the regulation of body weight, may account for differences in the therapeutic response to LAGB.
Coordinate pulsatile insulin secretion by chronic intraportally transplanted islets in the isolated perfused rat liver. (1994)

In the present studies we sought to address the following questions: do chronically transplanted intrahepatic islets (IHI-Tx) secrete insulin in a coordinate pulsatile manner, and, if so, is reestablishment of this coordinate pulsatility a function of time after transplantation? We studied isolated perfused livers at 10 mM glucose from 27 rats rendered diabetic with streptozotocin and then transplanted with approximately 2 x 10(3) islets, 2 (n = 5), 7 (n = 5), 30 (n = 5), and 200 (n = 12) d after transplantation. 12 out of 12 of the 200-d IHI-Tx secreted insulin in coordinate pulses (frequency 3.9 +/- 0.3 pulses/h, amplitude 15.2 +/- 2.4 nmol/min). In contrast, one out of five 2-d, zero out of five 7-d, and one out of five 30-d IHI-Tx showed pulsatile insulin secretion. Insulin secretion was markedly greater (76 +/- 13 vs 13 +/- 3 nmol/min, P < 0.0001) in the 200-d versus early IHI-Tx. Pentobarbital 25 micrograms/ml had no effect on total (13.9 +/- 3.9 vs 15.9 +/- 3.9 nmol/min), nonpulsatile (12.9 +/- 3.5 vs 14.1 +/- 3.3 nmol/min), or pulsatile (pulse amplitude 17.6 +/- 4.5 vs 20.0 +/- 4.2 nmol/min, pulse frequency 4.1 +/- 0.3 vs 4.0 +/- 0.7 pulses/h) insulin secretion. Using synaptophysin, islet innervation was documented in 12 out of 12 200-d IHI-Tx but in none of the early IHI-Tx. We conclude that established (approximately 200 d) IHI-Tx secrete insulin in a coordinate pulsatile manner and that establishment of coordinate pulsatile insulin secretion by IHI-Tx is accompanied by increased total insulin secretion and is associated with islet reinnervation.
Surface-emitting lasers for optical near-field data storage (1999)

ONe of the interesting applications of 2D VCSEL arrays is high density optical data storage. We proposed a micro-metal aperture VCSEL for producing optical near-field. The evanescent wave emitted from a small metal aperture formed on a VCSEL surface is irradiated to an optical disk, such as a phase change optical disk. We carried out a near-field analysis on the radiation from the metal micro aperture loaded on a VCSEL by using 2D finite element method (FEM), showing a possibility of a spot size of below 100 nm. We can recycle the reflected wave from the metal aperture, when we properly design the phase matching between the DBR mirror and the metal. We can expect an improvement in a power conversion efficiency of radiating near field light from the aperture by using a 'photon recycling' effect. An expected efficiency and power density are discussed for 850 nm metal aperture VCSELs. We have fabricated micro-metal aperture VCSELs by using focus ion beam etching. The size of the fabricated apertures ranges from 100 nm and 400 nm. We have realized sub-mA low threshold metal aperture VCSELs. The power density is estimated to be approximately 6 kW/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. We will be able to improve the power density by reducing the oxide aperture in the cavity. We also discuss on another way to increase the efficiency and the power density, such as using a surface plasmon effect of a small metal tip formed on the surface. We will discuss a possibility of optical near-field recording by using the proposed metal aperture VCSEL.
Pd induced lateral crystallization of amorphous Si thin films (1995)

A thin palladium layer (∼40 Å) was selectively formed on top of amorphous silicon films before annealing and the effects of palladium layer on the crystallization behavior of the amorphous silicon films were investigated. It was observed that the amorphous silicon right under the Pd layer could be crystallized to grain sizes of several hundred angstroms by annealing at 500 °C. In addition, the area between the Pd thin pads, patterned by lithography, was found to be crystallized to grain sizes of a few tens of microns in length by the same annealing. Such lateral crystallization was found to reach more than 100 μm in some cases. The lateral crystallization phenomenon might be useful for the fabrication of low temperature polycrystalline-Si thin film transistors, providing large-grained Si films.
Implementation and Evaluation of “Just Follow Me”: An Immersive, VR-Based, Motion-Training System (2002)

Training is usually regarded as one of the most natural application areas of virtual reality (VR). To date, most VR-based training systems have been situation based, but this paper examines the utility of VR for a different class of training: learning to execute exact motions, which are often required in sports and the arts. In this paper, we propose an interaction method, called Just Follow Me (JFM), that uses an intuitive “ghost” metaphor and a first-person viewpoint for effective motion training. Using the ghost metaphor (GM), JFM visualizes the motion of the trainer in real time as a ghost (initially superimposed on the trainee) that emerges from one's own body. The trainee who observes the motion from the first-person viewpoint “follows” the ghostly master as closely as possible to learn the motion. Our basic hypothesis is that such a VR system can help a student learn motion effectively and quickly, comparably to the indirect real-world teaching methods. Our evaluation results show that JFM produces training and transfer effects as good as—and, in certain situations, better than—in the real world. We believe that this is due to the more direct and correct transfer of proprioceptive information from the trainer to the trainee.
Adaptive antenna arrays for GSM900/DCS1800 (2002)

This paper summarizes some of the antenna array work at Ericsson. The use of antenna arrays in a random frequency hopping GSM system is treated and receiver/transmitter structures are described. Results from simulations and propagation measurements are presented and compared with theoretical results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Osteoprotegerin inhibits prostate cancer–induced osteoclastogenesis and prevents prostate tumor growth in the bone (2001)

Prostate cancer (CaP) forms osteoblastic skeletal metastases with an underlying osteoclastic component. However, the importance of osteoclastogenesis in the development of CaP skeletal lesions is unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that CaP cells directly induce osteoclastogenesis from osteoclast precursors in the absence of underlying stroma in vitro. CaP cells produced a soluble form of receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL), which accounted for the CaP-mediated osteoclastogenesis. To evaluate for the importance of osteoclastogenesis on CaP tumor development in vivo, CaP cells were injected both intratibially and subcutaneously in the same mice, followed by administration of the decoy receptor for RANKL, osteoprotegerin (OPG). OPG completely prevented the establishment of mixed osteolytic/osteoblastic tibial tumors, as were observed in vehicle-treated animals, but it had no effect on subcutaneous tumor growth. Consistent with the role of osteoclasts in tumor development, osteoclast numbers were elevated at the bone/tumor interface in the vehicle-treated mice compared with the normal values in the OPG-treated mice. Furthermore, OPG had no effect on CaP cell viability, proliferation, or basal apoptotic rate in vitro. These results emphasize the important role that osteoclast activity plays in the establishment of CaP skeletal metastases, including those with an osteoblastic component.
Primary structure and functional expression of a high voltage activated calcium channel from rabbit lung (1990)

The complete amino acid sequence of the receptor for organic calcium channel blockers (CaCB) from rabbit lung has been deduced by cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNA. Synthetic RNA derived from this cDNA induces the formation of a functional CaCB-sensitive high voltage activated calcium channel in Xenopus oocytes.
Breast Cancer Risk Modifiers (2007)

The incomplete penetrance associated with mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 suggests that environmental or genetic risk-modifying factors may exist that affect the phenotype ofBRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. Initial estimates from clinic-based data indicated that around 80% of carriers of mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 from multiple-case families would develop breast cancer (1,2), whereas a later pooled analysis frompopulation-based studies has suggested that for the great majority of mutation carriers,their average lifetime risk is closer to 45% to 66% (3). This pooled-analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers also showed that in BRCA1 mutation carriers, the breast cancer penetrance for relatives ascertained through a breast cancer case was significantly higherthan for those ascertained through an ovarian cancer case, and even higher if the indexcase was diagnosed before the age of 35 (3). Conversely, the ovarian cancer risk washigher in families ascertained through an ovarian cancer index case. Similar differencesin risk, depending on the cancer site in the index case, were also reported by Simchoniet al. in an Ashkenazi Jewish population (4). These variations in risk between differentstudies, and according to the phenotype of the proband, are consistent with the presenceof modifying factors. There is also a recent report that the phenocopy rate in BRCA1 and BRCA2 families is increased over the population rate, further suggesting the existence of environmental or genetic modifiers (5).
Condition Monitoring of Cables Task 3 Report: Condition Monitoring Techniques for Electric Cables (2009)

For more than 20 years the NRC has sponsored research studying electric cable aging degradation, condition monitoring, and environmental qualification testing practices for electric cables used in nuclear power plants. This report summarizes several of the most effective and commonly used condition monitoring techniques available to detect damage and measure the extent of degradation in electric cable insulation. The technical basis for each technique is summarized, along with its application, trendability of test data, ease of performing the technique, advantages and limitations, and the usefulness of the test results to characterize and assess the condition of electric cables.
Requirement of Cell–Cell Contact in the Induction of Jurkat T Cell Apoptosis: The Membrane-Anchored but Not Soluble Form of FasL Can Trigger Anti-CD3-Induced Apoptosis in Jurkat T Cells (1997)

Fas ligand (FasL) has been shown to be processed by the action of certain metalloproteinase and released from the cell surface. However, it is unclear whether death of Fas-sensitive target cells is mediated by a membrane-bound form of FasL (mFasL) or by a soluble form of FasL (sFasL). In the present study, we demonstrated that JCaM, a p56lck-deficient mutant of Jurkat, underwent Fas-dependent apoptosis only upon physical contact with anti-CD3-stimulated Jurkat cells or with human FasL- expressing transfectant (hFas/L5178Y). Recombinant FasL or sFasL-containing supernatant failed to induce apoptosis in both Jurkat and JCaM. Moreover, addition of a metalloproteinase inhibitor, which led to the accumulation of mFasL in hFas/L5178Y, was found to augment apoptosis in both Jurkat and JCaM. These findings indicate that, in a physiologic setting represented by the activation-induced cell death in Jurkat T cells, cell-cell contact appears to be required for the induction of Fas-mediated killing.
The Global Responses of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to Physiological Levels of Copper (2008)

Copper (Cu) is a required micronutrient, but it is highly toxic at high concentrations. Therefore, the levels of Cu must be tightly regulated in all living cells. The phagosome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been shown to have variable levels of Cu. Previously, we showed that M. tuberculosis contains a copper-sensitive operon, cso, that is induced during early infection in mice. In this study, we showed that ctpV, a gene in the cso operon, is a copper-responsive gene and most likely encodes an efflux pump for Cu. Furthermore, the transcription of key genes in the cso operon is induced by Cu ions and not by other ions, such as Ni and Zn ions. To elucidate copper-responsive genes other than those in the cso operon, we utilized DNA microarrays to profile mycobacterial responses to physiological levels of Cu. A transcriptome analysis identified a novel set of 30 copper-responsive genes in M. tuberculosis, one-half of which were induced only when toxic levels of Cu were added. Interestingly, several transcriptional regulators, including the furA gene, were induced during toxic Cu exposure, indicating that there was a generalized response to oxidative stressors rather than a Cu-specific response. In general, the Cu-induced transcriptome generated should help elucidate the role of the Cu response in maintaining M. tuberculosis survival during infection and could provide novel targets for controlling this virulent pathogen.
Succinate Uptake by Free-living and Bacteroid Forms of Rhizobium leguminosarum (1980)

Free-living cells of Rhizobium leguminosarum possess a constitutive succinate uptake system. Bacteroids isolated from nodules of Pisum sativum also showed immediate uptake of succinate. In both cases the uptake of [14C] succinate appeared to be dependent on an energized membrane. Fumarate, malate and several succinate analogues were also transported via the succinate system. One or both of the carboxyl groups of the succinate molecule must be free in order to be recognized by the carrier. Glucose had effects on the uptake or metabolism of succinate.
A Fas-associated protein factor, FAF1, potentiates Fas-mediated apoptosis. (1995)

Fas, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, can induce apoptosis when activated by Fas ligand binding or anti-Fas antibody crosslinking. Genetic studies have shown that a defect in Fas-mediated apoptosis resulted in abnormal development and function of the immune system in mice. A point mutation in the cytoplasmic domain of Fas (a single base change from T to A at base 786), replacing isoleucine with asparagine, abolishes the signal transducing property of Fas. Mice homozygous for this mutant allele (lprcg/lprcg mice) develop lymphadenopathy and a lupus-like autoimmune disease. Little is known about the mechanism of signal transduction in Fas-mediated apoptosis. In this study, we used the two-hybrid screen in yeast to isolate a Fas-associated protein factor, FAF1, which specifically interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of wild-type Fas but not the lprcg-mutated Fas protein. This interaction occurs not only in yeast but also in mammalian cells. When transiently expressed in L cells, FAF1 potentiated Fas-induced apoptosis. A search of available DNA and protein sequence data banks did not reveal significant homology between FAF1 and known proteins. Therefore, FAF1 is an unusual protein that binds to the wild type but not the inactive point mutant of Fas. FAF1 potentiates Fas-induced cell killing and is a candidate signal transducing molecule in the regulation of apoptosis.