gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure–Conductivity Relationship for Peptoid-Based PEO–Mimetic Polymer Electrolytes (2012)

Polymer electrolytes offer great potential for application in lithium batteries. In order to systematically optimize the performance of these materials, atomic level synthetic control over the polymer chemical structure is desired. In this study, we designed a series of chemically defined, monodisperse peptoid polymers to explore the impact of side-chain structure on the thermal and electrical properties. A series of comblike peptoid homopolymers with ethylene oxide (EO)n side chains of varying length were synthesized by a rapid solid phase synthetic method. The electrical properties of these materials with dissolved lithium salt were characterized by ac impedance. The temperature dependence of the ionic conductivity of the polypeptoid electrolytes is consistent with the Vogel–Tamman–Fulcher equation. The optimum ionic conductivity of 2.6 × 10–4 S/cm achieved for oligo-N-2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethylglycine–Li salt complex at 100 °C, is approximately 10-fold lower than the analogous PEO–salt complex. It is, however, nearly 2 orders of magnitude higher than previously reported comblike PEO–mimetic polypeptides. The ionic conductivities of these side chain analogs vary by 3 orders of magnitude, but this variation is entirely governed by the proximity of the system to the glass transition temperature. This investigation shows that polypeptoids provide a unique platform for examining the structure–property relationships of solid polymer electrolytes.
CHMP1 is a novel nuclear matrix protein affecting chromatin structure and cell-cycle progression (2001)

The Polycomb-group (PcG) is a diverse set of proteins required for maintenance of gene silencing during development. In a screen for conserved partners of the PcG protein Polycomblike (Pcl), we have identified a new protein, human CHMP1 (CHromatin Modifying Protein; CHarged Multivesicular body Protein), which is encoded by an alternative open reading frame in the PRSM1 gene and is conserved in both complex and simple eukaryotes. CHMP1 contains a predicted bipartite nuclear localization signal and distributes as distinct forms to the cytoplasm and the nuclear matrix in all cell lines tested. We have constructed a stable HEK293 cell line that inducibly overexpresses CHMP1 under ecdysone control. Overexpressed CHMP1 localizes to a punctate subnuclear pattern, encapsulating regions of nuclease-resistant, condensed chromatin. These novel structures are also frequently surrounded by increased histone H3 phosphorylation and acetylation. CHMP1 can recruit a PcG protein, BMI1, to these regions of condensed chromatin and can cooperate with co-expressed vertebrate Pcl in a Xenopus embryo PcG assay; this is consistent with a role in PcG function. In combination, these observations suggest that CHMP1 plays a role in stable gene silencing within the nucleus.
Recent progress and perspective in JAK inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis: from bench to bedside (2015)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation and joint destruction. However, the combined use of synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) such as methotrexate and a biological DMARD targeting tumour necrosis factor (TNF) has revolutionized treatment of RA. Clinical remission is a realistic target to treat and the maintenance of remission has produced significant improvements in structural and function outcomes. However, biological DMARDs are limited to intravenous or subcutaneous uses and orally available small but strong products have been developed. The multiple cytokines and cell surface molecules bind to receptors, resulting in the activation of various signalling, including phosphorylation of kinase proteins. Among multiple kinases, Janus kinase (JAK) plays pivotal roles in the pathological processes of RA. Tofacitinib, a small product targeting JAK, inhibits phosphorylation of JAK1 and JAK3, subsequent Stat1 and expression of Stat1-inducible genes, which contribute to efficient propagation of its anti-inflammatory effects for the treatment of RA. The primary targets of tofacitinib are dendritic cells, CD4(+) T cells such as Th1 and Th17 and activated B cells which leads to multi-cytokine targeting. Six global phase 3 studies revealed that oral administration of 5 or 10 mg tofacitinib was significantly effective than placebo with or without methotrexate in active RA patients with methotrexate-naïve, inadequately responsive to methotrexate or TNF-inhibitors. Therapeutic efficacy of tofacitinib was observed in a short term after administration and was as strong as adalimumab, a TNF-inhibitor. The most commonly observed adverse events were related to infection, hematologic, hepatic and renal disorders and association of tofacitinib with carcinogenicity and infections remains debated. Further investigation on post-marketing survey would help us understand the positioning of this drug.
Thermal Syntheses of Polypeptides from N-Boc-Amino Acid(Aspartic Acid,β-Aminoglutaric Acid) Anhydrides (1988)

Abstract N-t-Butyloxycarbonyl-amino acid(aspartic acid:Asp, glutamic acid:Glu, β-aminoglutaric acid: β-Agl)anhydrides were deprotected upon heating at temperatures slightly higher than the melting points of these compounds and polypeptides were synthesized easily in high yield.
Test for Malignant Transformation of Rat Liver Cells in Culture: Cytology, Growth in Soft Agar, and Production of Plasminogen Activator (1977)

Three parameters were evaluated as diagnostic of the malignant potential of cultured rat liver epithelial cells: cytology, growth in soft agar, and production of extracellular plasminogen activator. A total of 22 tumorigenic and nontumorigenic cultures from 15 cell lines were sent coded from their originators to two different laboratories for the evaluation of these three parameters. Cytologic diagnosis and growth in soft agar were reliable means of determining the malignant potential of the cultured cells. However, the production of extracellular plasminogen activator showed little correlation with tumorigenicity. Of cytologic properties evaluated, the two that correlated best with malignant potential were increased cytoplasmic basophilia and and increased nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio.
Growth Factor‐Mediated Stabilization of Amyloid Precursor Protein mRNA Is Mediated by a Conserved 29‐Nucleotide Sequence in the 3′‐Untranslated Region (2000)

Using a cell-free translation system, we previously demonstrated that the turnover and translation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) mRNA was regulated by a 29-nucleotide instability element, located 200 nucleotides downstream from the stop codon. Here we have examined the regulatory role of this element in primary human capillary endothelial cells under different nutritional conditions. Optimal proliferation required a growth medium (endothelial cell growth medium) supplemented with epidermal, basic fibroblast, insulin-like, and vascular endothelial growth factors. In vitro transcribed mRNAs with the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) and coding region of beta-globin and the entire 3'-UTR of APP 751 were transfected into cells cultured in endothelial cell growth medium. Wild-type globin-APP mRNA containing an intact APP 3'-UTR and mutant globin-APP mRNA containing a mutated 29-nucleotide element decayed with identical half-lives (t 1/2 = 60 min). Removal of all supplemental growth factors from the culture medium significantly accelerated the decay of transfected wild-type mRNA (t 1/2 = 10 min), but caused only a moderate decrease in the half-life of transfected mutant mRNA (t 1/2 = 40 min). We therefore conclude that the 29-nucleotide 3'-UTR element is an mRNA destabilizer whose function can be inhibited by inclusion of the aforementioned mixture of growth factors in the culture medium.
Measuring carbonic anhydrase IX as a hypoxia biomarker: differences in concentrations in serum and plasma using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay due to influences of metal ions (2011)

These results have important consequences for published studies using this assay where the conclusions drawn from the measurements made may be invalid. This study highlights the need for stringent validation of commercially available assays, including examination of various sample types, before use in research studies.
Fluorescence probe techniques used to study micelle formation in water-soluble block copolymers (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorescence probe techniques used to study micelle formation in water-soluble block copolymersCheng Le Zhao, Mitchell A. Winnik, Gerard Riess, and Melvin D. CroucherCite this: Langmuir 1990, 6, 2, 514–516Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00092a038https://doi.org/10.1021/la00092a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2940Altmetric-Citations308LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dynamic characteristics of membrane ions in multifield configurations of low‐frequency electromagnetic radiation (1986)

We seek to extend the recent suggestion that classical cyclotron resonance of biologically important ions is implicated in weak electromagnetic field-cell interactions. The motion of charged particles in a constant magnetic field and periodic electric field is examined under the simplifying assumption of no damping. Each of the nine terms of the relative dielectric tensor is found to have a dependence on functions that include the factor (omega 2 - omega 2B)-1, where omega B is the gyrofrequency. We also find a plasmalike decomposition of the electric field into oppositely rotating components that could conceivably act to drive oppositely charged ions in the same direction through helical membrane channels. For weak low-frequency magnetic fields, an additional feature arises, namely, periodic reinforcement of the resonance condition with intervals of the order of tens of msec for biological ions such as Li+, Na+, and K+.
Exploiting hierarchical context on a large database of object categories (2010)

There has been a growing interest in exploiting contextual information in addition to local features to detect and localize multiple object categories in an image. Context models can efficiently rule out some unlikely combinations or locations of objects and guide detectors to produce a semantically coherent interpretation of a scene. However, the performance benefit from using context models has been limited because most of these methods were tested on datasets with only a few object categories, in which most images contain only one or two object categories. In this paper, we introduce a new dataset with images that contain many instances of different object categories and propose an efficient model that captures the contextual information among more than a hundred of object categories. We show that our context model can be applied to scene understanding tasks that local detectors alone cannot solve.
Poly(ethylene imine)‐g‐chitosan using EX‐810 as a spacer for nonviral gene delivery vectors (2008)

Polyelectrolyte complexes have been widely studied as gene carriers in recent years. In this study, poly (ethylene imine) was grafted onto chitosan (PEI-g-CHI) as a nonviral gene carrier in order to improve the water solubility as well as the inherent transfection efficiency of chitosan. We present a novel method to conjugate the amine or hydroxyl groups of chitosan (CHI) and the amine groups of PEI through opening the epoxide rings of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EX-810), which also brings the merits as mentioned in PEGylation chemistry. The degree of substitution of PEI onto CHI was characterized by NMR. The preliminarily cellular mechanisms, from the cellular entry to the endosomal release, were investigated by the correlations among the physicochemical properties of the DNA-polymer complexes, the buffering capacity of the modified polymer, the cytotoxicity, and the efficiency of the transgene expression. The cytotoxicity assayed by MTT shows that cell viability of PEI-g-CHI is higher than CHI especially noticeable at high concentrations using human kidney 293T cells. The efficiency of transgene expression and the amount of intracellular plasmid were monitored using green fluorescent protein (GFP) and visualized by fluorescence microscopy. The transfection efficiency of PEI-g-CHI/DNA polyplex is significantly better than CHI/DNA polyplex when using the weight ratios higher than 2.5.
Case Studies in Early Swiss Immigration to Utah: The Mathis and Bryner Families (1998)

Hans Ulrich could not see his own hand waving in front of his face--that is, ever since the accident. Hans Ulrich Bryner, Jr., was a talented and prosperous young man. His father's family had moved to Wiedikon, a small village just a stone's throw across the river Sihl from Zürich, and in 1839 they had purchased a large home near the Center of town. Hans Ulrich Bryner, Sr., was a farmer by day, and a shoemaker by night, and through thrift, industry, and piety, the family had gained the respect of their neighbors. In 1846, Hans Ulrich, Sr., was granted citizenship in Wiedikon. The Bryner home was less than a hundred meters away from another prosperous family named Mathis. Johannes Mathis was not only a successful farmer but also the president of the village council.
A comprehensive review of the psychological effects of brainwave entrainment. (2009)

Findings to date suggest that BWE is an effective therapeutic tool. People suffering from cognitive functioning deficits, stress, pain, headache/migraines, PMS, and behavioral problems benefited from BWE. However, more controlled trials are needed to test additional protocols with outcomes.
Pseudomorphic GaAs/InGaAs single quantum wells by atmospheric pressure organometallic chemical vapor deposition (1988)

High-quality pseudomorphic GaAs/In0.12Ga0.88As single quantum wells (QW’s) were prepared by atmospheric-pressure organometallic chemical vapor deposition. Photoluminesence spectra measured at 2.5 and 78 K exhibit intense, sharp peaks [full width at half-maximum (FWHM)=2.6 meV for a 17-Å well at 78 K] from the quantized energy transitions of the QW’s. Peak positions agree well with a square well calculation that includes the strain-induced band-gap shift in the In0.12Ga0.88As. Quite unlike previous work with QW’s in which the FWHM was found to exponentially increase with decreasing well width, we observed a narrowing of the QW signals as the well width went below ∼30 Å. In larger well samples (300 Å), the onset of surface crosshatch patterns was observed, which is expected from critical thickness theory.
Outdoor landmark recognition using fractal based vision and neural networks (2002)

A new approach using fractal based vision is presented to solve the problem of mobile robot navigation in outdoor environments. Mobile robots rely on landmarks such as mile markers and street signs for information on global position and local traffic conditions. Due to the motion of the robot, the location, size and orientation of the landmarks are varying. Also, other objects in the scene might partially occlude the landmark. Thus, a robust recognition system is required to recognize the landmarks that may be distorted by a combination of these effects. A new fractal model called incremental fractional Brownian motion (BM) model, is developed to locate these landmarks. A new neural network architecture, reconfigurable neural network (RNN), is developed to recognize the landmarks. The fractal model is shown to be invariant to changes in intensity of incident light. The landmark candidate regions detected by the ifBM model are analyzed by the RNN. New learning rules based on update normalization are developed to decrease learning time and increase system stability. The network also has the ability to learn new patterns with minimal retraining time. The network is tested with images of actual street signs that were distorted by scale changes, rotations and occlusions.
dSarm-ing Axon Degeneration (2012)

Plucked from the tree, a leaf withers. Such a loss of vitality upon removal from the whole appears so natural that one may take it for granted as a passive and unstoppable process. But is it? Although cell death was long thought to be a passive process, we now know that at least one form of cell death, apoptosis (from Greek "falling away"), is an active process that can be blocked by inhibiting a specific signaling pathway (1). On page 481 of this issue, Osterloh et al. (2) find that the death of a portion of a nerve cell, the axon, after it is severed from the cell body, can be dramatically slowed by the inactivation of just one gene. The discovery has important implications for understanding the molecular mechanisms of axon degeneration, as well as for developing drugs against neurodegenerative diseases.
Preclinical pharmacology of sertraline: a potent and specific inhibitor of serotonin reuptake. (1990)

Specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors constitute a new class of psychotherapeutic agents that promote enhanced central serotonergic neurotransmission in animal studies. Sertraline, a member of this class, exhibits considerable potency and specificity in inhibiting serotonin neuronal reuptake in preclinical studies. Thus, it is likely to exert antidepressant activity without significant anticholinergic, cardiovascular, and sedative side effects. Other animal studies demonstrating decreases in food intake and body weight and reduction in voluntary alcohol consumption after sertraline administration suggest a potential for wider clinical application.
Sleep and Psychiatric Disorders (1992)

We reviewed the literature on sleep in psychiatric disorders and evaluated the data by meta-analysis, a statistical method designed to combine data from different studies. A total of 177 studies with data from 7151 patients and controls were reviewed. Most psychiatric groups showed significantly reduced sleep efficiency and total sleep time, accounted for by decrements in non-rapid eye movement sleep. Rapid eye movement sleep time was relatively preserved in all groups, and percentage of rapid eye movement sleep was increased in affective disorders. Reduction in rapid eye movement sleep latency was seen in affective disorders but occurred in other categories as well. Although no single sleep variable appeared to have absolute specificity for any particular psychiatric disorder, patterns of sleep disturbances associated with categories of psychiatric illnesses were observed. Overall, findings for patients with affective disorders differed most frequently and significantly from those for normal controls.
Complement Activation Is Critical to Airway Hyperresponsiveness after Acute Ozone Exposure (2004)

Ozone (O3) can induce airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and neutrophilic inflammation. We evaluated the role of complement in development of AHR and inflammation after acute O3 exposure in mice. Mice were exposed to O3 at 2 ppm for 3 hours, and airway responsiveness to methacholine was measured 8 hours after O3 exposure. Complement was depleted or inhibited by intraperitoneal injection of cobra venom factor (CVF) or complement receptor-related gene y (Crry)-Ig, a potent C3 convertase inhibitor; neutrophils were depleted using an antineutrophil monoclonal antibody. CVF attenuated the development of AHR by O3. Administration of Crry-Ig also prevented the development of AHR. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid neutrophilia after O3 exposure was significantly decreased by administration of either CVF or Crry-Ig. Increased BAL fluid total protein after O3 exposure was lowered by depletion or inhibition of complement. In contrast to the effects of complement inhibition or depletion, depletion of BAL neutrophil counts by more than 90% with the monoclonal antibody did not affect the development of AHR after O3 exposure. These data indicated that activation of the complement system follows acute O3 exposure and is important to the development of AHR and airway neutrophilia. However, this neutrophil response does not appear necessary for the development of AHR.
Vaccination with heat shock protein–peptide complexes: from basic science to clinical applications (2003)

There are currently over 150 medical centers worldwide enrolling patients in randomized, controlled Phase III clinical trials testing autologous cancer-derived heat-shock protein (HSP)-peptide complexes for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma and melanoma. In addition, autologous HSP-peptide complexes have been or are being tested in Phase I and II trials of chronic myelogenous leukemia, lymphoma and pancreatic, gastric and colorectal cancers. The door has more recently opened to clinical testing of off-the-shelf HSP-based treatments for infectious diseases. This review recounts the long history of basic research on HSPs in immune response. A keen understanding of how these ancient molecules orchestrate the immune response to cancer and infections has been gained, providing a clear rationale for translating this knowledge into clinical medicine.
LIV‐1 Breast Cancer Protein Belongs to New Family of Histidine‐Rich Membrane Proteins with Potential to Control Intracellular Zn2+ Homeostasis (2000)

Investigation of the protein product of the oestrogen-regulated gene LIV-1, implicated in metastatic breast cancer, has revealed 10 protein sequences of unknown function that belong to a new family with potential to control intracellular Zn2+ homeostasis. Sequence alignment highlights the similarity in transmembrane domains and extramembrane charged residues, indicating potential ion-transport ability. This family has a novel highly conserved motif of 66 residues, including a transmembrane domain and a catalytic zinc-binding sequence of zinc metalloproteases, containing conserved (indicated in bold type) proline and glutamine residues, HEXPHEXGD. These proteins contain more plentiful histidine-rich repeats than zinc transporters, suggesting an ability to bind or transport zinc across membranes. I propose that these 11 proteins form a new family with the potential to control intracellular Zn2+ homeostasis.