gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nerve Growth Factor Cooperates with p185 in Activating Growth of Human Breast Carcinoma Cells (2000)

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is known to exert a mitogenic effect on human breast cancer cells through proto-TrkA activation. Reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis of proto-TrkA expression in human breast carcinoma specimens and cell lines revealed trkA transcript in 12 of 14 human breast carcinoma specimens and in all of four cell lines tested. While cytofluorimetric and Western blot analysis indicated proto-TrkA expression in three of the four cell lines, NGF stimulated growth in only two of the three positive cell lines. Inhibition of NGF-induced MAPK activation by an antibody directed against the extracellular domain of TrkA but not by an inhibitor of TrkA phosphorylation demonstrated the requirement of NGF binding but not of proto-TrkA kinase activity for MAPK activation, suggesting the recruitment of another kinase for transmission of the mitogenic signaling. Indeed, NGF induced tyrosine phosphorylation and stimulated kinase activity of p185(HER2), a kinase receptor of the HER family. A TrkA phosphorylation inhibitor did not affect this activation. Moreover, the two receptors were coprecipitated by antibodies directed against proto-TrkA and p185(HER2). Down-modulation of p185(HER2) expression in a breast carcinoma line transfected with a construct containing an anti-p185(HER2) antibody sequence and expressing proto-TrkA impaired NGF-induced MAPK activation and proliferation. Together these data show that in cells expressing low levels of TrkA such as breast carcinoma cells, NGF must recruit other overexpressed receptors such as p185(HER2) in order to generate a biological signal that can induce breast cancer cell growth.
Expression of AKR1C3 and CNN3 as markers for detection of lymph node metastases in colorectal cancer (2014)

The aim of the study was to identify a set of discriminating genes that could be used for the prediction of Lymph node (LN) metastasis in human colorectal cancer (CRC), and for this, we compared the whole genome profiles of two CRC cell lines (the primary cell line SW480 and its LN metastatic variant, SW620) and identified eight genes [S100 calcium-binding protein P; aldo-keto reductase family 1(AKR1), member B1 (aldose reductase; AKR1B1); AKR1, member C3 (AKR1C3); calponin 3, acidic; metastasis associated in colon cancer 1; hemoglobin, epsilon 1; trefoil factor 3; and FGGY carbohydrate kinase domain containing]. These genes were examined by quantitative RT-PCR in tissues and LNs in 14 CRC patients and 11 control patients. The level of AKR1C3 mRNA expression was significantly different between the Dukes' stage A, B, and C groups and the control group (p < 0.05, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001) and was also significantly different between Dukes' stage C and A or B groups (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). The expression of CNN3 was significantly different between the Dukes' stage C and B or control groups (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). There were significant correlations between the expression levels of AKR1C3 and CNN3. AKR1C3 and CNN3 expressions are more accurate and suitable markers for the diagnosis of LN metastasis than the other six genes examined in this study.
Bypassing the kinetic trap of serpin protein folding by loop extension (2000)

The native form of some proteins such as strained plasma serpins (serine protease inhibitors) and the spring-loaded viral membrane fusion proteins are in a metastable state. The metastable native form is thought to be a folding intermediate in which conversion into the most stable state is blocked by a very high kinetic barrier. In an effort to understand how the spontaneous conversion of the metastable native form into the most stable state is prevented, we designed mutations of alpha1-antitrypsin, a prototype serpin, which can bypass the folding barrier. Extending the reactive center loop of alpha1-antitrypsin converts the molecule into a more stable state. Remarkably, a 30-residue loop extension allows conversion into an extremely stable state, which is comparable to the relaxed cleaved form. Biochemical data strongly suggest that the strain release is due to the insertion of the reactive center loop into the major beta-sheet, A sheet, as in the known stable conformations of serpins. Our results clearly show that extending the reactive center loop is sufficient to bypass the folding barrier of alpha1-antitrypsin and suggest that the constrain held by polypeptide connection prevents the conversion of the native form into the lowest energy state.
A rat model of liver cirrhosis and esophageal varices. (2001)

In an effort to develop a reproducible model of liver cirrhosis and esophageal varices, we administered phenobarbital (PhB) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in 32 rats that had previously undergone complete devascularization of the left renal vein (DLRV). The operation was conducted to enhance the development of cephalad collaterals mainly responsible for the induction of esophageal varices. Thirty-two rats underwent sham operation and PhB and CCl4 administration, and 24 only sham-operated rats comprised the control group. After the induction of liver cirrhosis, histopathologic examination and morphometric analysis of the lower esophagus were performed to study the submucosal veins. We separately studied number of vessels in the submucosa, mean vessel area, percentage of submucosa occupied by vessels, and area of the single most dilated vein. All variables except the number of vessels were significantly higher in cirrhotic rats that had undergone DLRV (P<0.001). We conclude that induction of liver cirrhosis in rats that previously undergo complete DLRV could present a reproducible and reliable model for the induction of liver cirrhosis and esophageal varices.
Algorithms and software for ordinary differential equations and differential- algebraic equations, Part II: Higher-order methods and software packages (1995)

Department Editor: William J. Thompson
Hormone Replacement Therapy and Incidence of Alzheimer Disease in Older Women<SUBTITLE>The Cache County Study</SUBTITLE> (2002)

Prior HRT use is associated with reduced risk of AD, but there is no apparent benefit with current HRT use unless such use has exceeded 10 years.
Mobile terminal antenna using a planar inverted‐e feed structure for enhanced impedance bandwidth (2012)

Abstract This article proposes a planar inverted–E (PIE) antenna, able to attain a wide impedance bandwidth.The antenna is created by inserting a branch capacitance between the feed line and the shorting pin of a conventional planar inverted–F antenna (PIFA). Such a modification significantly enhances the impedance bandwidth while maintaining the size of the antenna element. A comparative analysis on the characteristics of both the reference PIFA and the proposed PIE antenna was conducted to demonstrate the performance improvement in the bandwidth and efficiency of the proposed antenna. In the lower frequency bands, the proposed antenna possesses a very wide impedance bandwidth, 245 MHz, from 730 to 975 MHz, under a voltage standing wave ratio of 3:1 with good antenna efficiency. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2133–2139, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27035
Rate-Distortion Optimization for Fast Hierarchical B-Picture Transcoding (2006)

An efficient rate-distortion (R-D) optimal method for transcoding hierarchical B-pictures is proposed in this paper. A new R-D model is presented for fast transcoding hierarchical B-pictures in DCT domain, in which the total R-D optimization problem is adjusted to motion R-D optimization and texture R-D optimization separately. Accordingly, a mechanism for fast mode decision is proposed to enable the mode and motion adjustment in hierarchical B-picture DCT-domain transcoding. Experimental results show that the proposed transcoding scheme with the new R-D optimization can achieve 4-dB average PNSR improvement at low bit-rate, and similar performance at high bit-rate, compared to the transcoding by reusing the input motion information. Moreover, as the transcoding is performed in DCT domain, it is fast and simple enough for many real applications.
Interactions of serum proteins with small unilamellar liposomes composed of dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine and oleic acid: high-density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein A1, and amphipathic peptides stabilize liposomes (1990)

Small unilamellar liposomes composed to dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) and oleic acid (OA) are stabilized by incubation with normal human serum or plasma [Liu, D., & Huang, L. (1989) Biochemistry 28, 7700-7707]. The present report describes a systematic study of interactions of purified serum proteins and lipoproteins with these liposomes. Albumin destabilized liposomes by extracting OA from the liposomes, whereas immunoglobulins and lipoproteins (HDL, LDL, and VLDL) had no effect. However, HDL and, to some extent, VLDL showed a rapid stabilization activity against the lytic effect of albumin. HDL added together with or shortly after the addition of albumin completely abolished the liposome leakage and aggregation effects induced by albumin. SDS-PAGE analysis of the HDL-stabilized liposomes revealed that apolipoprotein A1 was associated with liposomes. Purified apolipoprotein A1, but not a lipid mixture resembling the lipid composition of HDL, showed comparable liposome stabilization activity as HDL. Furthermore, synthetic peptides resembling the amphipathic helices found in apolipoprotein A1 also showed strong liposome stabilization activity. Peptides which were able to form amphipathic helixes of a wedge shape were more effective stabilizers than those which could not. These data indicate that HDL plays a major role in human serum or plasma for the liposome stabilization activity. HDL exerts its activity probably by the interactions of the amphipathic helices of apolipoprotein A1 with the hydrophobic voids found on the outer surface of the highly curved, small liposomes.
CAPTCHA for children (2008)

In some websites it is necessary to distinguishing between human users and computer programs which is known as CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Human Apart). CAPTCHA methods are mainly based on the weak points of OCR systems and using them are undesirable to human users. In this paper a method has been presented for distinguishing between human users and computer programs on the basis of choice of an object shown on the screen. In this method some objects are chosen randomly and the pictures of these topics are downloaded from the Internet. Then after applying some effects such as rotation, all of the pictures are shown on the screen. Then we ask the user to choose a specific object. Instead of writing the question, it is said using a TTS (Text-To-Speech) system. Therefore children who maybe illiterate and cannot read, can easily pass the test. If the user chooses the right object, we can guess that the user is a human being and not a computer program. This method is specially developed for children websites. The main advantage of this method is its simplicity because the user does not have to read or type anything.
Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders in Patients with Inactive Crohn's Disease (1997)

Most patients with inactive, uncomplicated Crohn's disease show marked gastrointestinal motor disorders, characterized either by reduced incidence of small-bowel contractions and increased incidence of single or clustered propagated contractions.
Forceplate and accelerometer measures for evaluating the effect of muscle fatigue on postural control during one‐legged stance (2003)

Calf muscle fatigue has a short-lasting effect on body balance, with measurements indicating a change in postural control strategy. Different tools and variables are needed to identify different balance control strategies. The procedures used in the present study may be modified to identify subjects with inadequate capacity to choose between balance control strategies; they are also applicable in clinical settings outside a laboratory environment.
Disruption of Methionine Metabolism inDrosophila melanogasterImpacts Histone Methylation and Results in Loss of Viability (2015)

Histone methylation levels, which are determined by the action of both histone demethylases and methyltransferases, impact multiple biological processes by affecting gene expression activity. Methionine metabolism generates the major methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) for histone methylation. The functions of methionine metabolic enzymes in regulating biological processes as well as the interaction between the methionine pathway and histone methylation, however, are still not fully understood. Here, we report that reduced levels of some enzymes involved in methionine metabolism and histone demethylases lead to lethality as well as wing development and cell proliferation defects in Drosophila melanogaster. Additionally, disruption of methionine metabolism can directly affect histone methylation levels. Reduction of little imaginal discs (LID) histone demethylase, but not lysine-specific demethylase 2 (KDM2) demethylase, is able to counter the effects on histone methylation due to reduction of SAM synthetase (SAM-S). Taken together, these results reveal an essential role of key enzymes that control methionine metabolism and histone methylation. Additionally, these findings are an indication of a strong connection between metabolism and epigenetics.
Sybase SQL Anywhere公式ガイド (1998)

１ 概要 ２ ＳｙｂａｓｅＳＱＬ Ａｎｙｗｈｅｒｅとは何か ３ リレーショナル・データベースの概念 ４ ＳＱＬ Ａｎｙｗｈｅｒｅのアーキテクチャ ５ データベース・エンジンの実行 ６ データベースの作成とデータベース・オブジェクトの管理 ７ データ操作 ８ ストアド・プロシージャ、トリガ、トランザクション・コントロール ９ バックアップ、リカバリと領域管理 １０ データベースセキュリティの管理 １１ パフォーマンスチューニング １２ Ｓｙｂａｓｅ Ｃｅｎｔｒａｌの使用 １３ ＳＱＬ Ｒｅｍｏｔｅデータ・レプリケーション
Multiple subtraction using an expanded multichannel matching filter (2003)

Abstract An expanded multichannel matching (EMCM) filter is proposed for the adaptive subtraction in seismic multiple attenuation. For a normal multichannel matching filter where an original seismic trace is matched by a group of multiple-model traces, the lateral coherency of adjacent traces is likely to be exploited to discriminate the overlapped multiple and primary reflections. In the proposed EMCM filter, a seismic trace is matched by not only a group of the ordinary multiple-model traces but also their adjoints generated mathematically. The adjoints of a multiple-model trace include its first derivative, its Hilbert transform, and the derivative of the Hilbert transform. The convolutional coefficients associated with the normal multichannel filter can be represented as a 2D operator in the time-space domain. This 2D operator is expanded with an additional spatial dimension in the EMCM filter to improve the robustness of the adaptive subtraction. The multiple-model traces are generated using moveout equations to afford efficiency in the multiple attenuation application.
Mutations in Immunoglobulin-Producing Moose Myeloma Cells (1973)

Three mouse myeloma cell lines were cloned in soft agar and screened by an antiserum overlay method for variants defective in secretion of the myeloma protein. Variants that had lost the capacity to synthesize heavy chains arose spontaneously at a high rate of about 10(-3) per cell per generation. Such variants lost the capacity to produce light chains at a similarly high rate. After cells were treated with the acridine half mustard ICR-191, variants occurred with an even higher incidence, and some of these synthesized heavy chains differing from that of the parent.
Geometry from a Time Series (1980)

It is shown how the existence of low-dimensional chaotic dynamical systems describing turbulent fluid flow might be determined experimentally. Techniques are outlined for reconstructing phase-space pictures from the observation of a single coordinate of any dissipative dynamical system, and for determining the dimensionality of the system's attractor. These techniques are applied to a well-known simple three-dimensional chaotic dynamical system.
Phosphoenolpyruvate Availability and the Biosynthesis of Shikimic Acid (2003)

The impact of increased availability of phosphoenolpyruvate during shikimic acid biosynthesis has been examined in Escherichia coli K-12 constructs carrying plasmid-localized aroF(FBR) and tktA inserts encoding, respectively, feedback-insensitive 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonic acid 7-phosphate synthase and transketolase. Strategies for increasing the availability of phosphoenolpyruvate were based on amplified expression of E. coli ppsA-encoded phosphoenolpyruvate synthase or heterologous expression of the Zymomonas mobilis glf-encoded glucose facilitator. The highest titers and yields of shikimic acid biosynthesized from glucose in 1 L fermentor runs were achieved using E. coli SP1.lpts/pSC6.090B, which expressed both Z. mobilis glf-encoded glucose facilitator protein and Z. mobilis glk-encoded glucose kinase in a host deficient in the phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system. At 10 L scale with yeast extract supplementation, E. coli SP1.lpts/pSC6.090B synthesized 87 g/L of shikimic acid in 36% (mol/mol) yield with a maximum productivity of 5.2 g/L/h for shikimic acid synthesized during the exponential phase of growth.
Mechanism of inhibition of fadu hypopharyngeal carcinoma cell growth by tetraphenylphosphonium chloride (1994)

Cationic phosphonium salts are interesting because they inhibit the proliferation of carcinoma cells more than untransformed epithelial cells in vitro. This differential anti-proliferative effect has been used to identify phosphonium salts and other lipophilic cations that later demonstrated effects in animals. Using 6 carcinoma-derived and 2 untransformed epithelial cell lines, tetraphenylphosphonium chloride (TPP) and other cationic aryl phosphonium salts (CAPS) demonstrated a growth inhibition pattern similar to that of cation rhodamine 123, suggesting that CAPS may inhibit mitochondrial function. We tested this hypothesis for the effect of phosphonium salt TPP on FaDu human hypopharyngeal carcinoma cells. TPP inhibited the proliferation of FaDu carcinoma cells at submicromolar concentrations. Uptake of 3H-TPP by FaDu cells was partially inhibited in medium containing high K+ and fully inhibited by valinomycin in this medium, indicating that TPP accumulates preferentially in mitochondria, and to a lesser extent in the cytoplasm. FaDu cells exposed to TPP exhibited damage to mitochondrial inner membranes, reduced ATP/ADP ratios, decreased oxygen uptake rates and decreased mitochondrial membrane potentials. The treated cells secreted lactate more rapidly than untreated controls and exhibited hypersensitivity to 2-deoxyglucose, an inhibitor of glycolysis. TPP's antimitochondrial effects apparently enhance cytoplasmic glycolysis. In conclusion, TPP inhibits FaDu carcinoma cell growth by inhibiting mitochondrial respiration and ATP synthesis. Cationic phosphonium salts that inhibit carcinoma cell growth through antimitochondrial effects might be used to treat solid tumors without the risk of secondary tumors associated with agents affecting nuclear DNA.
Quantitation of bcl-2 oncogene in cultured lymphoma/leukemia cell lines and in primary leukemia B-cells by a highly sensitive RT-PCR method. (1996)

The RT-PCR method we optimized appears to be suitable for clinical use in both leukemia/lymphoma characterization and in lymphomatous disease follow-up.
Myocardial membrane fatty acids and the antiarrhythmic actions of dietary fish oil in animal models (2001)

Epidemiologic studies, animal studies, and more recently, clinical intervention trials all suggest a role for regular intake of dietary fish oil in reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Prevention of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death is demonstrable at fish or fish oil intakes that have little or no effect on blood pressure or plasma lipids. In animals, dietary intake of fish oil [containing both eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3)] selectively increases myocardial membrane phospholipid content of DHA, whereas low dose consumption of purified fatty acids shows antiarrhythmic effects of DHA but not EPA. Ventricular fibrillation induced under many conditions, including ischemia, reperfusion, and electrical stimulation, and even arrhythmias induced in vitro with no circulating fatty acids are prevented by prior dietary consumption of fish oil. The preferential accumulation of DHA in myocardial cell membranes, its association with arrhythmia prevention, and the selective ability of pure DHA to prevent ventricular fibrillation all point to DHA as the active component of fish oil. The antiarrhythmic effect of dietary fish oil appears to depend on the accumulation of DHA in myocardial cell membranes.
Endogenous Melanocortin Antagonist in Fish: Structure, Brain Mapping, and Regulation by Fasting of the Goldfish Agouti-Related Protein Gene (2003)

Agouti-related protein (AGRP) is a naturally occurring antagonist of melanocortin. In mammals, central AGRP expression is restricted to the arcuate nucleus in which it plays a key role in the control of energy balance by antagonizing melanocortin effects at melanocortin 4 receptors. In goldfish, melanocortin 4 receptor is profusely expressed within the main brain areas for the control of energy balance, and central administration of agonist or antagonist analogs inhibits or stimulates food intake, respectively. Here we demonstrate that the goldfish genome has a homologous gene to mammalian AGRP. Detailed brain mapping by in situ hybridization shows that AGRP is exclusively expressed in the ventrobasal hypothalamic lateral tuberal nucleus, the teleostean homolog of the arcuate nucleus. Fasting up-regulates its mRNA levels in the lateral tuberal nucleus. In the periphery, AGRP is expressed in several tissues including ovary, muscle, and ventral skin, suggesting that AGRP might regulate peripheral actions of melanocortin peptides. The results provide the first evidence for an endogenous melanocortin antagonist in nontetrapod species and suggest that hypothalamic overexpression during fasting might regulate the inhibitory effects of melanocortin peptides on food intake in goldfish.
Oncogenic homeodomain transcription factor E2A-Pbx1 activates a novel WNT gene in pre-B acute lymphoblastoid leukemia (1999)

A large fraction of pediatric pre-B acute lymphoblastoid leukemias (ALL) consistently contain a t(1;19) chromosomal translocation. The t(1;19) translocation results in the production of a chimeric transcription factor containing the N-terminal transactivation domain of E2A fused to the C-terminal DNA-binding homeodomain of Pbx1. Here, we show that the E2A-Pbx1 fusion protein activates the expression of a novel WNT gene, WNT-16. WNT-16 normally is expressed in peripheral lymphoid organs such as spleen, appendix, and lymph nodes, but not in bone marrow. In contrast, high levels of WNT-16 transcripts are present in bone marrow and cell lines derived from pre-B ALL patients carrying the E2A-Pbx1 hybrid gene. Inhibition of E2A-Pbx1 expression leads to a significant decrease in WNT-16 mRNA levels, suggesting that WNT-16 is a downstream target of E2A-Pbx1. Three putative WNT receptors, FZ-2, FZ-3, and FZ-5, are expressed in cells of the B lineage, including pre-B ALL cells aberrantly expressing WNT-16. We propose that a WNT-16-mediated autocrine growth mechanism contributes to the development of t(1;19) pre-B ALL.