gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of Paternally Inherited Fetal Point Mutations for β-Thalassemia Using Size-Fractionated Cell-Free DNA in Maternal Plasma (2005)

Our recently described technique of the size-fractionation of circulatory DNA in maternal plasma may be potentially useful for the noninvasive prenatal determination of fetal point mutations.
Lymphocyte transformation in contact sensitivity. (1970)

Leucocyte suspensions containing 97–100 per cent lymphocytes were prepared from the peripheral blood of unsensitized guinea-pigs as well as animals previously sensitized with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. The lymphocytes were dinitrophenylated and cultured for 5 days in vitro. Transformed cells (8–22 per cent) and an increased (100–1000 fold) uptake of tritiated thymidine were observed only in cultures of lymphocytes from sensitized animals. Smaller numbers of transformed cells (1–2 per cent) were found in only a few cultures of sensitive lymphocytes incubated with either dinitrophenylated autologous erythrocytes or serum proteins. These results strongly suggest that transformation may specifically follow the conjugation of DNFB with live lymphocytes from sensitized donors.
Synthesis of mixed copper-indium chalcogenolates. Single-source precursors for the photovoltaic materials CuInQ2 (Q = S, Se) (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of mixed copper-indium chalcogenolates. Single-source precursors for the photovoltaic materials CuInQ2 (Q = S, Se)Wakgari Hirpo, Sandeep Dhingra, Anthony C. Sutorik, and Mercouri G. KanatzidisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4, 1597–1599Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00057a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00057a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1035Altmetric-Citations148LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (4)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Inflammation and cancer: role of phagocyte-generated oxidants in carcinogenesis (1990)

We have reviewed some of the data that link the reactive oxygen species produced by inflammatory phagocytes to cancer development. While it is clear that these substances induce phenotypic changes characteristic of those produced by known carcinogens, the precise mechanisms by which these effects are produced require much further study. In vitro, it would appear that phagocyte-generated oxidants could be complete carcinogens, ie, could cause both tumor initiation and promotion. In vivo, however, these substances appear usually to function as tumor promoters or cocarcinogens perhaps because of high levels of endogenous antioxidant defenses. This suggests that there may be even more reason to be optimistic about the potential for positive results in cancer chemoprevention trials in humans, and provides further rationale for the continuing interest in the use of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory drugs in current and future trials. For example, the Chemoprevention Branch of the National Cancer Institute is currently sponsoring seven extramural human efficacy intervention trials testing whether the antioxidant beta carotene can prevent cancer.
Molecular Mechanisms Activating the Nrf2-Keap1 Pathway of Antioxidant Gene Regulation (2005)

Several years have passed since NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was demonstrated to regulate the induction of genes encoding antioxidant proteins and phase 2 detoxifying enzymes. Following a number of studies, it was realized that Nrf2 is a key factor for cytoprotection in various aspects, such as anticarcinogenicity, neuroprotection, antiinflammatory response, and so forth. These widespread functions of Nrf2 spring from the coordinated actions of various categories of target genes. The activation mechanism of Nrf2 has been studied extensively. Under normal conditions, Nrf2 localizes in the cytoplasm where it interacts with the actin binding protein, Kelch-like ECH associating protein 1 (Keap1), and is rapidly degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Signals from reactive oxygen species or electrophilic insults target the Nrf2-Keap1 complex, dissociating Nrf2 from Keap1. Stabilized Nrf2 then translocates to the nuclei and transactivates its target genes. Interestingly, Keap1 is now assumed to be a substrate-specific adaptor of Cul3-based E3 ubiquitin ligase. Direct participation of Keap1 in the ubiquitination and degradation of Nrf2 is plausible. The Nrf2-Keap1 system is present not only in mammals, but in fish, suggesting that its roles in cellular defense are conserved throughout evolution among vertebrates. This review article recounts recent knowledge of the Nrf2-Keap1 system, focusing especially on the molecular mechanism of Nrf2 regulation.
Interference Mitigation in Transmitted-Reference UWB Receivers (2004)

The transmitted-reference (TR) ultra-wideband transceivers [4] have recently become increasingly popular for their simplicity, capability to reduce the stringent UWB timing requirements, and robust performance in multipath channels. However, the performance of TR receivers is considerably limited by the severity of noise-on-noise component introduced by various types of channel noise such as additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) or narrowband interference (NBI) on the transmitted signal [6]. It is expected that such receivers will perform poorly at low signal-to-noise ratio links, or in the presence of strong narrowband interferers. In this paper we propose a novel technique that maximizes the extraction of information from reference pulses for UWB-TR receivers. The scheme efficiently processes the incoming signal to suppress different types of interference prior to signal detection. The method described introduces a feedback loop mechanism to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of reference pulses in a conventional TR receiver. The performance of a conventional TR receiver and a feedback loop TR receiver in the presence of AWGN and strong narrowband interference is investigated by analysis and computer simulations. Our studies show that the reference enhancing feedback loop mechanism greatly improves the robustness of the link performance of TR receivers in the presence of non-UWB interferes with modest increase in complexity.
Developmental Distribution of Collagen Type XII in Cartilage: Association with Articular Cartilage and the Growth Plate (2001)

Collagen type XII is a member of the fibril-associated collagens and is characterized by a short triple-helical domain with three extended noncollagenous NC3 domains. Previous studies suggested that collagen XII is a component of cartilage but little is known about its spatial-temporal distribution. This study uses a polyclonal antibody to the purified NC3 domain to investigate its developmental distribution in rat forelimb. Collagen XII was present at the joint interzone on embryonic day 16 (E16d) and restricted to the presumptive articular cartilage by E18d. Labeling of the articular surface intensified as development progressed postnatally (day 1 [1d] to 28d) and extended approximately six cell diameters deep. In juvenile rats, collagen XII antibodies also labeled the longitudinal and transverse septa of stacked chondrocytes in the growth plate. However, collagen XII was not associated at any developmental stage with the cartilaginous secondary ossification center and was only weakly expressed in epiphyseal cartilage. Ultrastructural localization of the NC3 domain epitope showed labeling of the surface of collagen II fibrils both in tissue and in isolated fibrils. The results presented provide further evidence that articular cartilage differs substantially from the underlying epiphyseal cartilage and that different chondrocytic developmental fates are reflected in the composition of their extracellular matrix starting early in development. In addition, collagen XII was distributed in areas of cartilage with more organized fibril orientation and may have a role in promoting alignment or stabilizing such an organization, thereby creating a matrix capable of withstanding load-bearing forces.
Ultrastructural changes associated with reduced mitochondrial DNA and impaired mitochondrial function in the presence of 2'3'-dideoxycytidine (1992)

Incubation of Molt-4 cells in 4 microM 2'3'-dideoxycytidine did not produce a significant change in the mitochondrial ultrastructure after 4 days; however, by 12 days, the mitochondrial ultrastructure was distorted, with condensed cristae or vacuolization, or both. Concentration-dependent decreases in both cell growth (mean 50% inhibitory concentration, 4.70 +/- 0.5 microM) and mitochondrial DNA content (mean 50% inhibitory concentration, 0.46 +/- 0.06 microM) occurred after incubation with 2'3'-dideoxycytidine for 4 days.
Two toxin-converting phages from Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain 933 encode antigenically distinct toxins with similar biologic activities (1986)

Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain 933 contains two distinct toxin-converting phages (933J and 933W). The biologic activities and antigenic relationship between the toxins produced by 933J and 933W lysogens of E. coli K-12, as well as the homology of the genes that encode the two toxins, were examined in this study. The 933J and 933W toxins, like Shiga toxin produced by Shigella dysenteriae type 1, were cytotoxic for the same cell lines, caused paralysis and death in mice, and caused fluid accumulation in rabbit ileal segments. The cytotoxic activity of 933J toxin for HeLa cells was neutralized by anti-Shiga toxin, whereas the activity of 933W toxin was not neutralized by this antiserum. In contrast, an antiserum prepared against E. coli K-12(933W) neutralized 933W toxin but not 933J toxin or Shiga toxin. For E. coli 933, most of the cell-associated cytotoxin was neutralized by anti-Shiga toxin, whereas most of the extracellular cytotoxin was neutralized by anti-933W toxin. However, a mixture of these antisera indicated the presence of both toxins in cell lysates and culture supernatants. Among 50 elevated cytotoxin-producing strains of E. coli, we identified 11 strains isolated from cases of diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, or hemolytic uremic syndrome that produced cell-associated cytotoxins which were neutralized by the 933W antitoxin. Southern hybridization studies showed that the cloned toxin structural genes from phage 933J hybridized with DNA from phage 933W under conditions estimated to allow no more than 26% base-pair mismatch. These findings indicate that E. coli produces two genetically related but antigenically distinct cytotoxins with similar biologic activities which we propose to name Shiga-like toxins I and II. Strains of E. coli that produce elevated levels of Shiga-like toxin I or Shiga-like toxin II, or both, have been associated with the clinical syndromes of diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome.
Blocking the Common γ-Chain of Cytokine Receptors Induces T Cell Apoptosis and Long-Term Islet Allograft Survival (2000)

The common gammac-chain is an essential signaling component shared by all known T cell growth factor (TCGF) receptors (i.e., IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15). In the present study, we have studied the effect of gammac-chain blockade on T cell activation and allograft rejection. Treatment of B6AF1 (H-2b/d.k) recipient mice with anti-gammac mAbs induced long-term survival of DBA/2 (H-2d) islet allografts (>150 days, n = 8), whereas control Ab-treated mice rejected the islet allografts within 17 days (n = 6). The state of engraftment induced by the anti-gammac mAbs was remarkably stable, as recipient mice bearing the primary islet allografts accepted a second DBA/2 islet allograft without further immunosuppression and systemic administration of high doses of IL-2Ig fusion protein failed to provoke rejection. Blocking the gammac-chain inhibited T cell proliferation and induced T cell apoptosis by repressing expression of Bcl-2. Our data suggest that one means of inducing T cell apoptosis and stable allograft survival can be achieved via gammac-chain blockade.
Infinite phased arrays of microstrip antennas with parasitic elements: application to bandwidth enhancement (1994)

Microstrip phased array antennas obtained by the association of two interdigitated biperiodic coplanar subarrays are presented. One of these two subarrays is fed, and the other is parasitic. This type of array is studied for rectangular or triangular patches, using an infinite phased array model for the theoretical approach. The frequency bandwidth obtained with this geometry is larger than that of conventional monolayer microstrip antennas.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Diode Laser Spatial Diversity Transmitter (1989)

A spatial diversity transmitter consisting of multiple diode lasers with individual collimating lenses has been demonstrated to be effective in reducing fading caused by scintillation. The normalized standard deviation of the intensity at the receiver is reduced by the sware root of the number of transmitting elements, when they are separated by at least the correlation distance for intensity fluctuations.
Tramadol Exposures Reported to Statewide Poison Control System (2005)

Tramadol overdoses frequently cause CNS depression, nausea/vomiting, tachycardia, and seizures. Symptoms generally resolve within 24 hours. Accidental ingestions in children were well tolerated, primarily causing sedation.
The kinetics of immune reconstitution after human marrow transplantation (1987)

Human marrow transplantation for the treatment of malignant and nonmalignant disorders is becoming an established modality of therapy. As in any aggressive therapeutic modality, the benefits must be balanced with the risks of the therapy. The aggressive chemoradiotherapy used to prepare patients for marrow transplantation creates a transient immunodeficiency disorder postgrafting until the transferred donor marrow reestablishes a competent immune system. Immune reconstitution posttransplant follows a general pattern developing from immature to mature immune functions. Immune reactivity during the first month postgrafting is extremely low. Cytotoxic and phagocytic functions recover by day 100, while more specialized and cooperative functions of T and B cells remain impaired up to one year or more postgrafting. After the first year postgrafting, the various components of the immune systems of most healthy marrow recipients begin to work synchronously, whereas the immune systems of recipients with chronic graft-v-host disease (GVHD) remain crippled. Recent evidence shows that transfer of specific immunity from marrow donors to marrow recipients plays a role in reestablishing immunocompetence. Transferred antigen-specific immunity may explain why more recipients do not die from overwhelming infections.
Complete genome sequence and comparative genomic analysis of an emerging human pathogen, serotype VStreptococcus agalactiae (2002)

The 2,160,267 bp genome sequence of Streptococcus agalactiae, the leading cause of bacterial sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis in neonates in the U.S. and Europe, is predicted to encode 2,175 genes. Genome comparisons among S. agalactiae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and the other completely sequenced genomes identified genes specific to the streptococci and to S. agalactiae. These in silico analyses, combined with comparative genome hybridization experiments between the sequenced serotype V strain 2603 V/R and 19 S. agalactiae strains from several serotypes using whole-genome microarrays, revealed the genetic heterogeneity among S. agalactiae strains, even of the same serotype, and provided insights into the evolution of virulence mechanisms.
Management and Outcomes of a First Recurrence of Clostridium difficile-Associated Disease in Quebec, Canada (2006)

Metronidazole is not inferior to vancomycin for treatment of patients with a first recurrence of CDAD, but the risk of complications with any treatment of CDAD may be higher than has previously been documented.
Finding generalized projected clusters in high dimensional spaces (2000)

High dimensional data has always been a challenge for clustering algorithms because of the inherent sparsity of the points. Recent research results indicate that in high dimensional data, even the concept of proximity or clustering may not be meaningful. We discuss very general techniques for projected clustering which are able to construct clusters in arbitrarily aligned subspaces of lower dimensionality. The subspaces are specific to the clusters themselves. This definition is substantially more general and realistic than currently available techniques which limit the method to only projections from the original set of attributes. The generalized projected clustering technique may also be viewed as a way of trying to redefine clustering for high dimensional applications by searching for hidden subspaces with clusters which are created by inter-attribute correlations. We provide a new concept of using extended cluster feature vectors in order to make the algorithm scalable for very large databases. The running time and space requirements of the algorithm are adjustable, and are likely ta tradeoff with better accuracy.
Prodigiosin-Like Pigments (1975)

Prodigiosin, the bright red tripyrrole pigment from Serratia marcescens, has also been identified in Pseudomonas magnesiorubra, Vibrio psychroerythrus, and two Gram-negative rod-shaped mesophilic marine bacteria not members of the genus Serratia. Prodigiosin is sometimes bound to proteins; thus, extracts may require acid treatment before isolation of the pigment. Higher homologs of prodigiosin have been detected by mass spectroscopy. A mutant strain of S. marcescens produced nor-prodigiosin, in which the methoxy group of prodigiosin is replaced by a hydroxy group. Another mutant strain produced a blue tetrapyrrole pigment whose structure is a dimer of prodigiosin's rings A and B. Three novel biosynthetic analogs of prodigiosin have been obtained using a colorless mutant which does make rings A and B but not ring C and which can couple rings A and B with some added monopyrroles similar to ring C. The structures of three prodiginine (prodigiosin-like) pigments from streptomyces have been elucidated. All have the methoxytripyrrole aromatic nucleus of prodigiosin and all have an 11 carbon aliphatic side chain attached at carbon 2 of ring C. In two of the pigments the side chain is also linked to another carbon of ring C. The earlier literature about prodiginine pigments from actinomycetes has been interpreted and evaluated in light of the most recent findings. The structure elucidation of six prodiginine pigments from Actinomadurae (Nocardiae) has been completed. Only one, undecylprodiginine, is the same as from a streptomycete. For three of the six pigments, nine carbon side chains are observed and in four of them the side chain is attached to carbon 5 of ring A as well as carbon 2 of ring C so that a large ring is formed which includes the three pyrrole moieties. A section on identification summarized useful methods and presents information with which any known prodiginine pigment can be identified. The final step in the biosynthesis of prodigiosin was known to be the coupling of methoxybipyrrolecarboxaldehyde (rings A and B) with methylpentylpyrrole (ring C). Recent work using 13C-labeled precursors and Fourier transform 13C nuclear magnetic resonance has shown the pattern of incorporation for acetate, proline, glycine, serine alanine, and methionine into prodigiosin. Each pyrrole ring is constructed in a different way. Two of the streptomyces pigments have also been investigated; the pattern of incorporation is similar to that for prodigiosin. The biological activities of some prodiginine pigments are summarized. All show activity against several Gram-positive bacteria; some have anti-malarial activity. Prodigiosin has been tested clinically against coccidioidomycosis.
Cerebral perfusion and blood flow in neurotrauma (2001)

Post-traumatic cerebral ischemia is associated with a poor prognosis. Optimization of cerebral perfusion and blood flow thus plays a key role in contemporary head injury management. However, understanding of the pathophysiology of severe head injury is required for optimal patient management. This article explains the relationships between cerebral blood flow and metabolism and summarizes the current understanding of how these parameters can be helpful in the treatment of patients with severe head injuries.
Evidence that lymphokine-activated killer cells and natural killer cells are distinct based on an analysis of congenitally immunodeficient mice. (1985)

The in vitro incubation of lymphoid cells in RIL 2 results in the generation of LAK cells that are broadly lytic to autologous, syngeneic, and allogeneic fresh tumor cells, but which do not lyse fresh, normal cells. Strains of mice with congenital immunodeficiencies were tested both for the presence of NK cells and for their capacity to generate LAK cells after in vitro incubation with IL 2. Splenocytes obtained from two immunodeficient mouse strains (NIH-Beige-Nude and NIH-Beige-Nude-XID) failed to generate LAK cells, but displayed significant activity. Splenocytes from another immunodeficient mouse strain (NIH-Beige-XID) generated LAK cells but did not display NK cell activity. This dissociation of activation of LAK cells from NK cells among the immunodeficient strains indicates that the LAK and NK cell lytic systems are distinct.