gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endocytosis of horseradish peroxidase‐poly‐lysine conjugate by glomerular epithelial cells: An in vivo study (1989)

Native horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is known to pass rapidly through glomeruli when injected into rats. We have found that a conjugate of HRP with poly-lysine is readily endocytosed by glomerular epithelial cells (GEC). We have used this conjugate to study the GEC endocytotic process in male Wistar rats. The conjugate has an approximate molecular weight of 55-58,000, a pI of greater than 10.0, and almost the same secondary conformation as HRP; it does not increase urinary protein excretion significantly or alter the morphology of the renal glomeruli. After intravenous injection of the conjugate, it could be found in the GBM from 1 min to 4 h. At 1 min, it was evenly distributed on GEC foot processes and plasma membrane. GEC start to take up the conjugate from 1 min post-injection, by cellular membrane invagination. This reached a maximum at 4 h. Some of the endocytosed conjugate passed to lysosomes from the endosomal system. The amount of peroxidase demonstrable in the glomerular epithelial cells was considerably reduced by 24 h.
High Incidence of Neuroendocrine Dysfunction in Long-Term Survivors of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (2004)

Long-term survivors of aneurysmal SAH frequently exhibit endocrine changes, with growth hormone and gonadal deficiencies predominating. Thus, screening of pituitary function is recommended in patients surviving SAH. The relationship between late hormonal alterations and functional outcome in patients with SAH warrants further study.
Structural characterization of GaN laterally overgrown on a (111)Si substrate (2001)

Using transmission electron microscopy, we have characterized defect structures in laterally overgrown GaN crystals, grown directly on SiO2 stripe-patterned (111)Si substrates by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy using AlGaN as an intermediate layer. The width and the period of the stripe windows were nominally 1 and 2 μm, respectively. The average threading dislocation density for a completely coalesced 2-μm-thick GaN crystal obtained on the [112̄]-oriented stripe-patterned substrate was ∼2×109 cm−2. The reduction in threading dislocation density is a consequence of the lateral growth and dislocation reactions at the coalesced front of the mask. On the other hand, valleys and pits tend to remain on the mask during the growth on the [11̄0]-oriented stripe-patterned substrate. Cracks were present in both crystals.
Kinetic Characterization of the Second Step of Group II Intron Splicing:  Role of Metal Ions and the Cleavage Site 2‘-OH in Catalysis (2000)

The ai5γ group II intron from yeast excises itself from precursor transcripts in the absence of proteins. When a shortened form of the intron containing all but the 3‘-terminal six nucleotides is incubated with an exon 1 oligonucleotide and a 3‘ splice site oligonucleotide, a nucleotidyl transfer reaction occurs that mimics the second step of splicing. As this tripartite reaction provides a means to identify important functional groups in 3‘ splice site recognition and catalysis, we establish here a minimal kinetic framework and demonstrate that the chemical step is rate-limiting. We use this framework to characterize the metal ion specificity switch observed previously upon sulfur substitution of the 3‘-oxygen leaving group and to elucidate by atomic mutagenesis the role of the neighboring 2‘-OH in catalysis. The results suggest that both the 3‘-oxygen leaving group and the neighboring 2‘-OH are important ligands for metal ions in the transition state but not in the ground state and that the 2‘-OH may play an additional role in transition state stabilization by donating a hydrogen bond. Metal specificity switch experiments combined with quantitative analysis show that the Mn2+ that interacts with the leaving group binds to the ribozyme with the same affinity as the metal ion that interacts with the neighboring 2‘-OH, raising the possibility that a single metal ion mediates interactions with the 2‘- and 3‘-oxygen atoms at the 3‘ splice site.
Vacuum-Assisted Closure of a Complex Pilonidal Sinus (2003)

Vacuum-assisted closure of a complex pilonidal sinus shortened the length of hospital stay and the need for further surgery and provided a cosmetically acceptable result.
<title>Clinical and experimental low-intensity laser therapy in dentistry</title> (1995)

The main factors in pathogenesis of the mouth mucosa and parodontium are defects in microcirculation: changes in the vessel tone, the vascular wall permeability and reactivity, rhealogical properties of blood and defects in metabolism and local factors of immunological defence. He-Ne laser (HNL) radiation with wavelength of 630 nm has been effectively used as an antiinflammatory procedure. HNL was determined to lower permeability of vessels, to increase the rate of volumetric blood flow, to rise Po2 in periodontal tissues which helps to stop tissue hypoxia and to do away with oedema.
Replication properties of pIM13, a naturally occurring plasmid found in Bacillus subtilis, and of its close relative pE5, a plasmid native to Staphylococcus aureus (1987)

A naturally occurring plasmid from Bacillus subtilis, pIM13, codes for constitutively expressed macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS) resistance, is stably maintained at a high copy number, and exists as a series of covalent multimers. The complete sequence of pIM13 has been reported (M. Monod, C. Denoya, and D. Dubnau, J. Bacteriol. 167:138-147, 1986) and two long open reading frames have been identified, one of which (ermC') is greater than 90% homologous to the ermC MLS resistance determinant of the Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pE194. The second reading frame (repL) shares homology with the only long open reading frame of the cryptic S. aureus plasmid pSN2 and is probably involved in plasmid replication. The map of pIM13 is almost a precise match with that of pE5, a naturally occurring, stable, low-copy-number, inducible MLS resistance plasmid found in S. aureus. pIM13 is unstable in S. aureus but still multimerizes in that host, while pE5 is unstable in B. subtilis and does not form multimers in either host. The complete sequence of pE5 is presented, and comparison between pIM13 and pE5 revealed two stretches of sequence present in pE5 that were missing from pIM13. It is likely that a 107-base-pair segment in the ermC' leader region missing from pIM13 accounts for the constitutive nature of the pIM13 MLS resistance and that the lack of an additional 120-base-pair segment in pIM13 that is present on pE5 gives rise to the high copy number, stability, and multimerization in B. subtilis. The missing 120 base pairs occur at the carboxyl-terminal end of the putative replication protein coding sequence and results in truncation of that protein. It is suggested either that the missing segment contains a site involved in resolution of multimers into monomers or that the smaller replication protein causes defective termination of replication. It is concluded that pIM13 and pE5 are coancestral plasmids and it is probable that pIM13 arose from pE5.
Differential mechanisms of action of interferon-β and glatiramer acetate in MS (2002)

Interferon-beta and glatiramer acetate (GA) are the two main groups of drugs used in the treatment of MS. Notably, while both ultimately decrease CNS inflammation, they do so by very different mechanisms. Interferon-beta has potent activity at the blood-brain barrier and impairs the trafficking of inflammatory cells into the CNS. In contrast, GA has negligible effect at the blood-brain barrier, allowing GA-specific T helper 2 lymphocytes to enter the CNS to decrease inflammation through bystander suppression. Other differences are also emphasized. The presence of GA-reactive lymphocytes within the CNS parenchyma may have the additional benefit of conferring neuroprotection through protective autoimmunity.
Extension of the Thrombolytic Time Window With Minocycline in Experimental Stroke (2008)

Combination therapy with minocycline may extend tPA treatment time windows in ischemic stroke.
The Diagnosis, Management, and Role of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Aggressive Peripheral T-Cell Neoplasms (2007)

Access to hematopathology expertise in a tertiary care setting may lead to earlier and more accurate diagnoses of these diseases. PTCNs comprise a heterogeneous group of diseases with no widely accepted standard of care, and accurate determination of their histologic subtypes correlates with prognosis. Patients in first complete remission with poor risk features and patients with relapsed and refractory disease should be considered for bone marrow transplant due to the poor outcomes obtained with conventional chemotherapy.
Endothelin: localization, synthesis, activity, and receptor types in human penile corpus cavernosum (1991)

The localization, synthesis, and activity of endothelin and the receptor types mediating its effects in penile corpus cavernosum were investigated in whole tissue and in cultured cells derived from this tissue. With immunocytochemistry, utilizing an antiendothelin 1 (ET-1) monoclonal antibody, endothelin-like immunoreactivity was localized intensely in the endothelium and to a lesser degree in the trabecular smooth muscle. Human corpus cavernosum endothelial cells in culture expressed preproendothelin 1 mRNA, as determined by Northern blot analysis. Significant amounts of endothelin-like immunoreactivity were measured by radioimmunoassay in the supernatants of corpus cavernosum endothelial cells in culture. Endothelins are potent constrictors and caused long-lasting contractions of corporeal strips in organ chambers. Equilibrium binding analysis of endothelins to their receptor sites revealed high-affinity, specific, and saturable binding of labeled endothelins to corporeal membranes. Competition binding experiments demonstrated receptors with high affinity for ET-1 and -2 and low affinity for ET-3 and another, less abundant, set of receptors with high affinity for ET-1, -2, and -3. Affinity labeling of endothelins to corporeal membranes, followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis, revealed that ET-1 and -2 cross-linked specifically to three different molecular mass components (75, 52, and 34 kDa). ET-3 bound only to the 34-kDa component. It is concluded that human corpus cavernosum endothelium has the ability to synthesize and release endothelin, that endothelins contract corporeal smooth muscle, and that at least two distinct endothelin receptors may exist and are differentiated by their affinity for ET-3.
Antigen Receptors on B Lymphocytes (1992)

Recent studies on the structure of the B cell antigen receptor demonstrate that the membrane-bound and antigen-binding immunoglobulin molecules are noncovalently associated with a heterodimer of two novel transmembrane proteins. The B cell antigen receptor is thus a multicomponent receptor complex whose structural features are similar to those of the T cell antigen receptor complex. Cross-linking of the B cell antigen receptor results in rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of substrate proteins. This suggests that the B cell receptor belongs to a subgroup of the tyrosine kinase receptor family with a noncovalently associated src-like tyrosine kinase.
Solution‐Processed Organic Light‐Emitting Transistors Incorporating Conjugated Polyelectrolytes (2011)

Abstract Improved performance of p ‐type organic light‐emitting transistors (OLETs) is demonstrated by introducing a conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE) layer and symmetric high work function (WF) source and drain metal electrodes. The OLET comprises a tri‐layer film consisting of a hole transporting layer, an emissive layer, and a CPE layer as an electron injection layer. The thickness of the CPE layer is critical for achieving good performance and provides an important structural handle for consideration in future optimization studies. We also demonstrate for the first time, good performance solution‐processed blue‐emitting OLETs. These results further demonstrate the simplification of device fabrication and improved performance afforded by integrating CPE interlayers into organic optoelectronic devices.
Perhexiline (2007)

Perhexiline, 2-(2,2-dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine, was originally developed as an anti-anginal drug in the 1970s. Despite its success, its use diminished due to the occurrence of poorly understood side effects including neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in a small proportion of patients. Recently, perhexiline's mechanism of action and the molecular basis of its toxicity have been elucidated. Perhexiline reduces fatty acid metabolism through the inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase, the enzyme responsible for mitochondrial uptake of long-chain fatty acids. The corresponding shift to greater carbohydrate utilization increases myocardial efficiency (work done per unit oxygen consumption) and this oxygen-sparing effect explains its antianginal efficacy. Perhexiline's side effects are attributable to high plasma concentrations occurring with standard doses in patients with impaired metabolism due to CYP2D6 mutations. Accordingly, dose modification in these poorly metabolizing patients identified through therapeutic plasma monitoring can eliminate any significant side effects. Herein we detail perhexiline's pharmacology with particular emphasis on its mechanism of action and its side effects. We discuss how therapeutic plasma monitoring has led to perhexiline's safe reintroduction into clinical practice and how recent clinical data attesting to its safety and remarkable efficacy led to a renaissance in its use in both refractory angina and chronic heart failure. Finally, we discuss the application of pharmacogenetics in combination with therapeutic plasma monitoring to potentially broaden perhexiline's use in heart failure, aortic stenosis, and other cardiac conditions.
Unsupervised Wall Detector in Architectural Floor Plans (2013)

Wall detection in floor plans is a crucial step in a complete floor plan recognition system. Walls define the main structure of buildings and convey essential information for the detection of other structural elements. Nevertheless, wall segmentation is a difficult task, mainly because of the lack of a standard graphical notation. The existing approaches are restricted to small group of similar notations or require the existence of pre-annotated corpus of input images to learn each new notation. In this paper we present an automatic wall segmentation system, with the ability to handle completely different notations without the need of any annotated dataset. It only takes advantage of the general knowledge that walls are a repetitive element, naturally distributed within the plan and commonly modeled by straight parallel lines. The method has been tested on four datasets of real floor plans with different notations, and compared with the state-of-the-art. The results show its suitability for different graphical notations, achieving higher recall rates than the rest of the methods while keeping a high average precision.
Phenomenology Of Forces Acting Between Magnets And Superconductors (2005)

The forces acting between magnets and superconductors give rise to a rich diversity of phenomena that are understood physically only at a rudimentary level. Experimental results are presented for the levitational force, magnetic stiffness, drag, and damping of magnets interacting with high-temperature superconductors. Empirical correlations and theoretical understanding of these phenomena are summarized. The use of high-temperature superconductors in prototype experimental bearing devices is described.
Million-fold Preconcentration of Proteins and Peptides by Nanofluidic Filter (2005)

We have developed a highly efficient microfluidic sample preconcentration device based on the electrokinetic trapping mechanism enabled by nanofluidic filters. The device, fabricated by standard photolithography and etching techniques, generates an extended space charge region within a microchannel, which was used to both collect and trap the molecules efficiently. The electrokinetic trapping and collection can be maintained for several hours, and concentration factors as high as 10(6)-10(8) have been demonstrated. This device could be useful in various bioanalysis microsystems, due to its simplicity, performance, robustness, and integrabilty to other separation and detection systems.
Induction of Terata in Hamsters by Solanidane Alkaloids Derived from Solanum tuberosum (1996)

The potential induction of terata by solanidanes has been of public health concern since a report in 1972 hypothesized that certain birth defects in humans could be attributed to ingestion of blighted potatoes. The potential teratogenicity of solanidane alkaloids from potatoes and tomatoes in domestic livestock had been considered even earlier. In the present report, oral administration of the steroidal alkaloid glycosides alpha-solanine and alpha-chaconine and their aglycone solanidine is shown to induce craniofacial malformations (exencephaly, encephalocele, and anophthalmia) in Syrian hamsters. All three alkaloids, that were either isolated or obtained by hydrolysis from Solanum tuberosum (var. Kennebec) sprouts, possessed the 22-(R),25(S)-configuration in the indolizidine moiety with no other isomers present. Toxicity constraints precluded administration of dosages high enough to induce statistically significant levels of terata in litters dosed with alpha-chaconine and permitted the attainment of only marginal statistical significance for alpha-solanine. However, malformation induction at p < 0.005 was observed in litters upon dosing both the nontoxic aglycone solanidine and the derivative solanidine N-oxide at higher levels. The relatively high teratogenicity of nontoxic solanidine, compared to the glycosides, demonstrates that terata induction by solanidanes is not due to maternal toxicity nor is the oligosaccharide portion of steroidal alkaloid glycosides required to facilitate passage of the teratogen to the fetus. The teratogenicity of solanidine N-oxide, a putative metabolite, suggests that N-oxidation is not an effective mammalian detoxification pathway. Relative teratogenic potencies (RTP) were assigned to solanidanes by conversion of literature data to equimolar doses compared to the powerful Veratrum teratogen jervine and the nonteratogenic spirosolane tomatidine. RTP values are as follows: jervine (100), 22(S),-25(R)-solanidanes (50), alpha-chaconine (43), alpha-solanine (32), 22(R),25(S)-solanidine (32), solanidine N-oxide (32), 5 alpha,6-dihydrosolanidine (9), and tomatidine (0).
Adaptive coding for pilot symbol assisted modulation without feedback (2003)

We show that pilot symbol assisted modulation (PSAM) schemes can be improved by adapting the coded modulation strategy at the sender to the quality of the channel measurement at the receiver, without requiring any channel feedback from the receiver. The transmitter employs interleaved codes, with data symbols coded according to their distance from the nearest pilot symbols. The performance benefits from this approach are quantified in the context of binary signaling over time-varying Rayleigh fading channels described by a Gauss-Markov model. The spacing of the pilot symbols is optimized to maximize the mutual information between input and output in the preceding setting. Causal and non-causal channel estimators of varying complexity and delay are considered. It is shown that, by appropriate optimization for the spacing between consecutive pilot symbols, the adaptive coding techniques proposed can yield up to 30% improvement in achievable rate, without any feedback from the receiver to the sender.
Carbonic Anhydrase Activators:  X-ray Crystallographic and Spectroscopic Investigations for the Interaction of Isozymes I and II with Histamine, (1997)

The interaction of native and Co(II)-substituted isozymes I and II of carbonic anhydrase (CA) with histamine, a well-known activator, was investigated kinetically, spectroscopically, and X-ray crystallographically. This activator is of the noncompetitive type with 4-nitrophenyl acetate and CO2 as substrates for both HCA I and HCA II. The electronic spectrum of the adduct of Co(II)-HCA II with histamine is similar to the spectrum of the Co(II)-HCA II-phenol adduct, being only slightly different from that of the uncomplexed enzyme. This is the first spectroscopic evidence that the activator molecule binds within the active site, but not directly to the metal ion. X-ray crystallographic data for the adduct of HCA II with histamine showed that the activator molecule is bound at the entrance of the active site cavity in a position where it may actively participate in shuttling protons between the active site and the bulk solvent. The role of the activators and the reported X-ray crystal structure of the HCA II-histamine adduct has prompted us to reexamine the X-ray structures of the different CA isozymes in order to find a structural basis accounting for their large differences in catalytic rate. A tentative explanation is proposed on the basis of possible pathways of proton transfer, which constitute the rate-limiting step in the catalytic reaction.
PPAR Agonists Amplify iNOS Expression While Inhibiting NF-κB (2002)

In acute inflammation, the transcription factor NF-kappaB is activated and increases the expression of multiple pro-inflammatory genes. Agonists of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPAR) have been reported to exert antiinflammatory effects in various systems. In keeping with such an antiinflammatory role, it was found that several PPAR agonists, including Wy14,643, clofibrate, carbaprostacyclin, and ciglitazone inhibited NF-kappaB activity and increased IkappaBalpha levels in cytokine-stimulated mesangial cells (MC). Activation of NF-kappaB has been found to be crucial to the cytokine-elicited expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Despite the inhibitory effect of PPAR agonists on NF-kappaB activity, this study provides experimental data demonstrating that these agonists amplify cytokine-elicited NO generation in MC, potentiating iNOS protein expression approximately threefold. The upregulation of iNOS expression occurred at the mRNA level and apparently did not result from iNOS mRNA stabilization. Clofibrate and ciglitazone amplified the cytokine-elicited stimulation of a 16-Kb human iNOS promoter construct in stably transfected MC, suggesting that PPAR agonists potentiate iNOS induction through transcriptional mechanisms. MC express all three PPAR proteins. However, iNOS potentiation did not correlate with increased PPAR activity. In addition, Wy14,643-induced amplification of cytokine-elicited iNOS levels also occurred in RAW264.7 macrophages and in human epithelial Caco-2 and HT-29 cells. The observation that these epithelial cell lines express an inactive, truncated PPARalpha variant suggests that a classical PPARalpha agonist, such as Wy14,643, may act through PPARalpha-independent mechanisms. In conclusion, these results show that, despite reducing NF-kappaB activity, PPAR agonists may amplify the expression of certain NF-kappaB-dependent genes that are relevant to the inflammatory process, like iNOS.