gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding the fundamental principles of metal oxide based gas sensors; the example of CO sensing with SnO2sensors in the presence of humidity (2003)

This paper investigates the effect of water vapour in CO sensing by using Pd doped SnO2 sensors realized in thick film technology as an example of the basic understanding of sensing mechanisms applied to sensors. The results of phenomenological and spectroscopic measurement techniques, all of them obtained under working conditions for sensors, were combined with modelling in order to derive conclusions able to be generalized to the field of metal oxide based gas sensors. The techniques employed were: dc conductance, ac impedance spectroscopy, work function (by using the Kelvin probe method), catalytic conversion and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform measurements. The most important conclusion is that the different parts of the sensor (sensing layer, electrodes, substrate) are all influencing the gas detection and their role has to be taken into consideration when one attempts to understand how a sensor works.
Fibrin-Based Drug Delivery Systems. II. The Preparation and Characterization of Microbeads (1994)

An emulsion method was employed to prepare fibrin beads having different sizes in this study. The oil phase of emulsion system was consisted of mineral oil with various amount of oleic acid as surfactant. Fibrin was converted from fibrinogen with thrombin in Tris buffer solution, then the mixture was emulsified into the oil phase forming droplets. After curing for one hour, 400 ul of glutaraldehyde solution (0.5% v/v) was added to minimize coagulation. The recovery of fibrin beads was simply done by decanting the oil phase and washing the residual with diethyl ether once and then with a mixture of isopropanol and n-hexane (1:3) containing 0.2% w/v Tween 80 twice. As expected, increasing the amount of oleic acid in the oil phase decreased the size of fibrin beads. It is due to the decrease of interfacial tension with increasing oleic acid amount. The presence of macromolecules showed no interference on the formation of fibrin beads except lysozyme. The diffusion characteristics of fibrin beads was evaluated using macromolecules of different molecular weight as model. The size of fibrin beads affected the penetration rate, whereas the effect of molecular weight of macromolecules was inconclusive. An exponential equation was able to approximate the penetration of macromolecules into fibrin beads during the late-time period. The possibility of using fibrin beads as the carrier to deliver protein drugs was appreciated.
Scale Drift-Aware Large Scale Monocular SLAM (2011)

State of the art visual SLAM systems have recently been presented which are capable of accurate, large-scale and real-time performance, but most of these require stereo vision.Important application areas in robotics and beyond open up if similar performance can be demonstrated using monocular vision, since a single camera will always be cheaper, more compact and easier to calibrate than a multi-camera rig.With high quality estimation, a single camera moving through a static scene of course effectively provides its own stereo geometry via frames distributed over time.However, a classic issue with monocular visual SLAM is that due to the purely projective nature of a single camera, motion estimates and map structure can only be recovered up to scale.Without the known inter-camera distance of a stereo rig to serve as an anchor, the scale of locally constructed map portions and the corresponding motion estimates is therefore liable to drift over time.In this paper we describe a new near real-time visual SLAM system which adopts the continuous keyframe optimisation approach of the best current stereo systems, but accounts for the additional challenges presented by monocular input.In particular, we present a new pose-graph optimisation technique which allows for the efficient correction of rotation, translation and scale drift at loop closures.Especially, we describe the Lie group of similarity transformations and its relation to the corresponding Lie algebra.We also present in detail the system's new image processing front-end which is able accurately to track hundreds of features per frame, and a filter-based approach for feature initialisation within keyframe-based SLAM.Our approach is proven via large-scale simulation and real-world experiments where a camera completes large looped trajectories.
T cells of patients with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome have a restricted defect in proliferative responses. (1993)

The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a disease of profound thrombocytopenia and severe immune defects caused by an unidentified defective X chromosome gene. In this study, T lymphocyte function is examined using a panel of allospecific WAS patient T cell lines, previously found to express the abnormal disease gene and the cytoarchitectural defect characteristic of the disease. Although T cell lines from normal individuals proliferate vigorously in response to immobilized anti-CD3 mAb OKT3 and SPV-T3b, five of seven WAS patient T cell lines failed to proliferate and two lines showed significantly decreased proliferation when challenged with the immobilized anti-CD3 mAb. The deficient responsiveness of the WAS T cell lines to immobilized anti-CD3 mAb is a restricted defect, because the cells proliferate normally when challenged with allospecific Ag, PHA, or PMA plus ionomycin. Addition of anti-CD28 mAb did not correct the deficient proliferation of the WAS cells challenged with immobilized anti-CD3. Deficient response of the WAS T cell lines to immobilized anti-CD3 was detected also when earlier events of the proliferation process, IL-2 production and up-regulation of activation Ag CD69 and CD28, were measured. On the other hand, WAS cell lines did not differ from normal cell lines in binding of anti-CD3 mAb, mobilization of Ca2+ in response to soluble OKT3, and tyrosine phosphorylation and GTP binding of the CD3 zeta-chain in response to OKT3. Cumulatively, these findings demonstrate a striking restricted defect in the proliferative response of WAS T cells, which because it is found in cell lines free of secondary changes that occur in the patient circulation must be a reflection of the inherited defective disease gene product.
A Multi-Teacher Learning Automata Solution of Cooperative Pursuit Problems (2000)

We propose a model of multi agents with multi-teacher learning automata for cooperative pursuit problems. Each agent must have a communication mechanism to realize cooperative properties. However, since the communication mechanism makes the theoretical analysis of the total system difficult, we make its effects on the completion of the task clear using computer simulation. We show that our method has some efficient properties of pursuing with cooperation.
Mechanisms of Action of Antipsychotic Drugs of Different Classes, Refractoriness to Therapeutic Effects of Classical Neuroleptics, and Individual Variation in Sensitivity to their Actions: PART I (2009)

Many issues remain unresolved about antipsychotic drugs. Their therapeutic potency scales with affinity for dopamine D2 receptors, but there are indications that they act indirectly, with dopamine D1 receptors (and others) as possible ultimate targets. Classical neuroleptic drugs disinhibit striatal cholinergic interneurones and increase acetyl choline release. Their effects may then depend on stimulation of muscarinic receptors on principle striatal neurones (M4 receptors, with reduction of cAMP formation, for therapeutic effects; M1 receptors for motor side effects). Many psychotic patients do not benefit from neuroleptic drugs, or develop resistance to them during prolonged treatment, but respond well to clozapine. For patients who do respond, there is a wide (>ten-fold) range in optimal doses. Refractoriness or low sensitivity to antipsychotic effects (and other pathologies) could then arise from low density of cholinergic interneurones. Clozapine probably owes its special actions to direct stimulation of M4 receptors, a mechanism available when indirect action is lost.
Synthesis and characterization of Taurine (2014)

Have been obtained 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (taurine) from ethanolamine, sulfuric acid and sodium sulfite during the synthesis in laboratory condition. The process involves two steps of reactions, the first was esterification of ethanolamine with sulfuric acid to produce the intermediate product of 2-aminoethyl ester which than was extended to the second step by sulfonation with sodium sulfite to produce 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid. Resulting product was analyzed using 1H-NMR, IR, FAB-MS analysis and examined purity characterizations of the synthesized products. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjc.v14i0.200 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 14 (40), 2013, p57-60
Motion-Compensated Television Coding: Part I (1979)

We present methods of estimating displacements of moving objects from one frame to the next in a television scene and using such displacements for frame-to-frame prediction. Displacement is estimated by a recursive algorithm which seeks to minimize a functional of the prediction error. Several simplifications of the algorithm are presented which make it attractive for hardware implementation. Performance of the algorithm is evaluated by computer simulations on two sequences of moving images containing various amounts and types of motion. In both cases, the use of displacement-based (or motion-compensated) prediction results in bit rates that are 22 to 50 percent lower than those obtained by simple “frame-difference” prediction, which is used commonly in the interframe coders.
High-Performance Solution-Processed Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells Based on Selenophene-Containing Perylene Bisimide Acceptor (2015)

Non-fullerene acceptors have recently attracted tremendous interest because of their potential as alternatives to fullerene derivatives in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells. However, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) have lagged far behind those of the polymer/fullerene system, mainly because of the low fill factor (FF) and photocurrent. Here we report a novel perylene bisimide (PBI) acceptor, SdiPBI-Se, in which selenium atoms were introduced into the perylene core. With a well-established wide-band-gap polymer (PDBT-T1) as the donor, a high efficiency of 8.4% with an unprecedented high FF of 70.2% is achieved for solution-processed non-fullerene organic solar cells. Efficient photon absorption, high and balanced charge carrier mobility, and ultrafast charge generation processes in PDBT-T1:SdiPBI-Se films account for the high photovoltaic performance. Our results suggest that non-fullerene acceptors have enormous potential to rival or even surpass the performance of their fullerene counterparts.
Anti-equine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) activity of antisera raised against human TNF-alpha and peptide segments of human TNF-alpha. (1992)

Antisera raised in rabbits against either purified recombinant-derived human tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- alpha (huTNF) or huTNF peptide-bovine thyroglobulin conjugates were evaluated for anti-equine TNF (eqTNF) activity. Binding and neutralizing anti-eqTNF activities were found in antisera raised against whole huTNF or against either of the peptides containing the N-terminal 15 amino acids of huTNF (huTNF[1-15] and huTNF[1-31]). Anti-eqTNF activity was not detected in antisera raised against huTNF[65-79], huTNF[98-111] or huTNF[124-141] peptides. The addition of excess huTNF[1-15] completely inhibited the ability of anti-huTNF[1-15] to bind eqTNF and reduced by approximately 25% the anti-eqTNF activity of an antiserum raised against whole huTNF. Nonconjugated huTNF[1-15] did not have eqTNF agonist or antagonist activity. Results were consistent with previous structural and functional data implicating the N-terminus of huTNF in receptor binding and indicate that the homologue of huTNF[1-15] on eqTNF may be a potentially important target for neutralizing anti-eqTNF antibodies.
Therapeutic window for ferulic acid protection against noise-induced hearing loss in the guinea pig (2011)

Group V had significantly decreased noise-induced hearing loss at day 21 from noise exposure. The improvement of auditory function by FA was paralleled by a significant reduction in oxidative stress marker. The other schedules of drug administration showed a minor degree of protection.
Differentiation-dependent up-regulation of the human papillomavirus E7 gene reactivates cellular DNA replication in suprabasal differentiated keratinocytes. (1995)

mRNA transcription, DNA amplification, and progeny production of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are closely linked to squamous epithelial differentiation in patient papillomas. Because suprabasal, differentiated keratinocytes have exited the cell cycle for days or weeks and because viral DNA synthesis requires the host DNA replication machinery, HPVs must have a mechanism to reactivate the essential host genes. In this study, we show via acute recombinant retrovirus infection that an intact E7 gene of either high-risk or of low-risk HPV genotypes, under the control of its respective native enhancer-promoter, induced proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNAs) expression in the suprabasal cells of epithelial raft cultures of primary human foreskin keratinocytes (PHK). The cellular differentiation program was unaltered by the viral oncoprotein; it was essential for high HPV promoter activity. Furthermore, extensive host chromosomal DNA replication took place in differentiated cells of HPV-18 E7-expressing raft cultures and of patient laryngeal papillomas caused by HPV-6. These results indicate that the main function of the E7 protein is to reactivate host DNA replication machinery to support viral replication in differentiated, noncycling cells.
Design of Pore and Matter Architectures in Manganese Oxide Charge-Storage Materials (1999)

We describe the preparation of a manganese oxide polymorph in which the solid‐pore architecture of the material is controllably varied. All gels derived from a sol‐gel synthesis and annealed to crystallize in the 2×2 tunnel structure of cryptomelane , but exhibit markedly different final pore structures based on how the pore fluid is removed from the wet gel. The mesoporous structure of the initial gel is maintained by removing pore fluid under conditions where the capillary forces that result from extraction are either low (to form an ambigel) or nonexistent (to form an aerogel). These nanoscale mesoporous materials have higher capacities at high cycling rates than can be obtained for bulk cryptomelane. Finite‐diffusion processes describe the electrochemical association of with the networked, nanoscale crystallites. Controlling both the pore and solid architecture on the nanoscale offers a strategy for the design of new battery and charge‐storage materials. ©2000 The Electrochemical Society
Durability of switchable QR code carriers under hydrolytic and photolytic conditions (2013)

Following a guest diffusion approach, the surface of a shape memory poly(ester urethane) (PEU) was either black or blue colored. Bowtie-shaped quick response (QR) code carriers were then obtained from laser engraving and cutting, before thermo-mechanical functionalization (programming) was applied to stabilize the PEU in a thermo-responsive (switchable) state. The stability of the dye within the polymer surface and long-term functionality of the polymer were investigated against UVA and hydrolytic ageing. Spectrophotometric investigations verified UVA ageing-related color shifts from black to yellow-brownish and blue to petrol-greenish whereas hydrolytically aged samples changed from black to greenish and blue to light blue. In the case of UVA ageing, color changes were accompanied by dye decolorization, whereas hydrolytic ageing led to contrast declines due to dye diffusion. The Michelson contrast could be identified as an effective tool to follow ageing-related contrast changes between surface-dyed and laser-ablated (undyed) polymer regions. As soon as the Michelson contrast fell below a crucial value of 0.1 due to ageing, the QR code was no longer decipherable with a scanning device. Remarkably, the PEU information carrier base material could even then be adequately fixed and recovered. Hence, the surface contrast turned out to be the decisive parameter for QR code carrier applicability.
Nonlinear THz Conductivity Dynamics in P-Type CVD-Grown Graphene (2013)

We report strong THz-induced transparency in CVD-grown graphene where 92-96% of the peak-field is transmitted compared to 74% at lower field strength. Time-resolved THz pump/THz probe studies reveal that the absorption recovers in 2-3 ps. The induced transparency is believed to arise from nonlinear pumping of carriers in graphene which suppresses the mobility and consequently the conductivity in a spectral region where the light-matter interaction is particularly strong.
Upregulation of the Elongation Factor-1α Gene by p53 in Association With Death of an Erythroleukemic Cell Line (1997)

Genes upregulated by p53 were screened using an erythroleukemic cell line (1-2-3) that expresses only the temperature-sensitive p53 by the mRNA differential display method. One of the upregulated genes was identified as the elongation factor-1α (EF-1α) gene, an essential component of the eukaryotic translation apparatus. Three p53-responsive elements were found in the mouse EF-1α gene and in the corresponding human, rat, and frog genes. These elements conferred the capacity for induction by p53. EF-1α is also a microtubule-severing protein. Upon the temperature-shift, the cells developed the morphology and the localization of α-tubulin similar to those of the cells treated with vincristine, a drug that affects microtubules. The microtubule-severing associated with upregulation of EF-1α by p53 may be a cause of the cell death.
Clinical Assessment of COPD (2010)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) should be suspected in any patient aged 40 years or more with symptoms of cough, sputum production, or breathlessness and/or a history of exposure to risk factors, in particular smoking. When seeing patients with respiratory symptoms or smokers – think of COPD


Do spirometry


Exclude differential diagnoses, perform chest x-ray


Assess functional impairment, by interview and even better by testing


When possible, standardize your questioning


Consider further physiological testing or imaging


Calculate BMI, it has prognostic value
Phase II study results of a replacement therapy for hereditary angioedema with subcutaneous C1‐inhibitor concentrate (2015)

Subcutaneous volume-reduced CSL830 was well tolerated and led to a dose-dependent increase in physiologically relevant functional C1-INH plasma levels. A clinical outcome study of SC CSL830 in patients with HAE warrants further investigation.
Thumbnail galleries for procedural models (2014)

Abstract Procedural modeling allows for the generation of innumerable variations of models from a parameterized, conditional or stochastic rule set. Due to the abstractness, complexity and stochastic nature of rule sets, it is often very difficult to have an understanding of the diversity of models that a given rule set defines. We address this problem by presenting a novel system to automatically generate, cluster, rank, and select a series of representative thumbnail images out of a rule set. We introduce a set of ‘view attributes’ that can be used to measure the suitability of an image to represent a model, and allow for comparison of different models derived from the same rule set. To find the best thumbnails, we exploit these view attributes on images of models obtained by stochastically sampling the parameter space of the rule set. The resulting thumbnail gallery gives a representative visual impression of the procedural modeling potential of the rule set. Performance is discussed by means of a number of distinct examples and compared to state‐of‐the‐art approaches.
What is Good’s syndrome? Immunological abnormalities in patients with thymoma (2002)

Good's syndrome (thymoma with immunodeficiency) is a rare cause of combined B and T cell immunodeficiency in adults. The clinical characteristics of Good's syndrome are increased susceptibility to bacterial infections with encapsulated organisms and opportunistic viral and fungal infections. The most consistent immunological abnormalities are hypogammaglobulinaemia and reduced or absent B cells. This disorder should be treated by resection of the thymoma and immunoglobulin replacement to maintain adequate trough IgG values.
A spectral autocorrelation method for measurement of the fundamental frequency of noise-corrupted speech (1987)

A method for measurement of the fundamental frequency of a voiced speech signal corrupted by high levels of additive white Gaussian noise is described. The method is based on flattening the spectrum of the signal by a bank of bandpass lifters and extracting the pitch frequency from autocorrelation functions calculated at the output of the lifters. A smoothing modified median filter is applied to the calculated pitch frequency contour to result in an improvement in the accuracy of the method. A byproduct of the pitch tracker is a voiced/ unvoiced classifier. The maximum and the variance of the autocorrelation function maxima, over the bank of lifters, serve as the basis for voiced/unvoiced classification by making use of a two-dimensional, nearest-neighbor pattern recognition approach. Results are presented for fundamental frequency measurement and voiced/unvoiced classification for several signal-to-noise ratios.
Biostimulation of Wound Healing by Lasers: Experimental Approaches in Animal Models and in Fibroblast Cultures (1987)

Recent evidence suggests that low-energy lasers, such as an He-Ne laser, might stimulate wound healing. In this review we are summarizing our recent observations indicating that low-energy lasers enhance collagen gene expression both in skin fibroblast cultures in vitro, as well as in animal models of wound healing in vivo.
2D‐3D registration of coronary angiograms for cardiac procedure planning and guidance (2005)

We present a completely automated 2D-3D registration technique that accurately maps a patient-specific heart model, created from preoperative images, to the patient's orientation in the operating room. This mapping is based on the registration of preoperatively acquired 3D vascular data with intraoperatively acquired angiograms. Registration using both single and dual-plane angiograms is explored using simulated but realistic datasets that were created from clinical images. Heart deformations and cardiac phase mismatches are taken into account in our validation using a digital 4D human heart model. In an ideal situation where the pre- and intraoperative images were acquired at identical time points within the cardiac cycle, the single-plane and the dual-plane registrations resulted in 3D root-mean-square (rms) errors of 1.60 +/- 0.21 and 0.53 +/- 0.08 mm, respectively. When a 10% timing offset was added between the pre- and the intraoperative acquisitions, the single-plane registration approach resulted in inaccurate registrations in the out-of-plane axis, whereas the dual-plane registration exhibited a 98% success rate with a 3D rms error of 1.33 +/- 0.28 mm. When all potential sources of error were included, namely, the anatomical background, timing offset, and typical errors in the vascular tree reconstruction, the dual-plane registration performed at 94% with an accuracy of 2.19 +/- 0.77 mm.