gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fully-MMIC 76 GHz radar for ACC (2002)

The 76 GHz FSK (frequency shift keying) monopulse radar for the ACC (adaptive cruise control) using MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuits) has been developed. The radar transmits 2 frequencies in time-duplex, and measures the distance and the relative speed of targets. The monopulse feature detects the azimuth angle of targets without a scanning mechanism. A fully-MMIC 76 GHz module was developed, and the module was incorporated with microstrip-patch planar antennas. The MMIC module and signal processing electronics were combined into compact one-body unit. Basic radar performance and the new feature of the signal processing algorithm to discriminate multiple stationary targets were evaluated with good results.
Orientation of the transcription preinitiation complex in Archaea (1999)

The basal transcription machinery of Archaea corresponds to the minimal subset of factors required for RNA polymerase II transcription in eukaryotes. Using just two factors, Archaea recruit the RNA polymerase to promoters and define the direction of transcription. Notably, the principal determinant for the orientation of transcription is not the recognition of the TATA box by the TATA-box-binding protein. Instead, transcriptional polarity is governed by the interaction of the archaeal TFIIB homologue with a conserved motif immediately upstream of the TATA box. This interaction yields an archaeal preinitiation complex with the same orientation as the analogous eukaryal complex.
Circadian rhythm of the signal averaged electrocardiogram and its relation to heart rate variability in healthy subjects (1998)

f-QRS duration has a significant circadian rhythm in healthy subjects and is closely related to the circadian rhythm of autonomic tone.
Detection of functional iron deficiency during erythropoietin treatment: a new approach. (1992)

TABLE VIIIt-Comparison of risk estimates from studies of Japanese atomic bomb survivors, National for Radiation Workers provide valuable evidence, and Registry for Radiation Workers, and combined cohort ofnuclear workers in United States future analysis of the registry, which will incorporate all registered cohorts and updated dose histories (in- National cluding internal doses) and have a longer follow up, Atomic homb survivors"0 Registry for Radiation American will provide a firmer basis for deriving risk estimates Whole cohort Doses <_500 mSv Workers workers* from low dose and low dose rate exposures.Cohort size 75 991 95 217 35 933 Person years 2
The C Terminus of Lens Aquaporin 0 Interacts with the Cytoskeletal Proteins Filensin and CP49 (2006)

These studies suggest a novel interaction between an aquaporin water channel and intermediate filaments, an interaction through which AQP0 may maintain lens fiber cell shape and organization.
Electronic mail-E-mail at work (1992)

The author discusses how electronic mail has removed the barriers of time and place between engineers collaborating on complex design projects. Besides the obvious boon of avoiding telephone tag and time zone dissonance, E-mail gives companies unprecedented flexibility. Electronic mail can also uncover hidden expertise in a company. It has ended the isolation of researchers at universities and cuts across hierarchies at corporations and other institutions. Disadvantages of electronic mail are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Adoptive immunotherapy (1997)

Some of the most dramatic advances in the treatment of cancer have used the immune system in combination with conventional or transplantation chemotherapy. Adoptive immunotherapy has been used for relapses after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, and it has been particularly effective for chronic myeloid leukemia. Adoptive immunotherapy also has been used for Epstein-Barr virus-related lymphomas developing after allogeneic marrow transplantations. Cellular therapy, including the infusion of tumor-reactive immune cells, has been used to mediate response of established solid tumors. This has been used for therapeutic benefit for renal cell carcinoma, melanoma, lung cancer, and breast cancer. Current research is focusing on reducing the toxicity of these approaches as well as further defining the appropriate target tissue.
Efficient Reprogramming of Naïve-Like Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Porcine Adipose-Derived Stem Cells with a Feeder-Independent and Serum-Free System (2014)

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are somatic cells reprogrammed by ectopic expression of transcription factors or small molecule treatment, which resemble embryonic stem cells (ESCs). They hold great promise for improving the generation of genetically modified large animals. However, few porcine iPSCs (piPSCs) lines obtained currently can support development of cloned embryos. Here, we generated iPSCs from porcine adipose-derived stem cells (pADSCs), using drug-inducible expression of defined human factors (Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4). Reprogramming of iPSCs from pADSCs was more efficient than from fibroblasts, regardless of using feeder-independent or feeder-dependent manners. By addition of Lif-2i medium containing mouse Lif, CHIR99021 and PD0325901 (Lif-2i), naïve-like piPSCs were obtained under feeder-independent and serum-free conditions. These successfully reprogrammed piPSCs were characterized by short cell cycle intervals, alkaline phosphatase (AP) staining, expression of Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, SSEA3 and SSEA4, and normal karyotypes. The resemblance of piPSCs to naïve ESCs was confirmed by their packed dome morphology, growth after single-cell dissociation, Lif-dependency, up-regulation of Stella and Eras, low expression levels of TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81 and MHC I and activation of both X chromosomes. Full reprogramming of naïve-like piPSCs was evaluated by the significant up-regulation of Lin28, Esrrb, Utf1 and Dppa5, differentiating into cell types of all three germ layers in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, nuclear transfer embryos from naïve-like piPSCs could develop to blastocysts with improved quality. Thus, we provided an efficient protocol for generating naïve-like piPSCs from pADSCs in a feeder-independent and serum-free system with controlled regulation of exogenous genes, which may facilitate optimization of culture media and the production of transgenic pigs.
Analysis of Surface and Downhole Microseismic Monitoring Coupled with Hydraulic Fracture Modeling in the Woodford Shale (SPE 154804) (2012)

The work presented in this paper analyzes surface and downhole microseismic data for a horizontal well in the Woodford Shale in Oklahoma, comparing those results with calibrated hydraulic fracture modeling. Hydraulic fracture models were created for each of five stages with a three-dimensional modeling software, incorporating available petrophysical data in order to match the recorded treatment pressure and the fracture geometry obtained from the microseismic data. Further analysis investigated the congruency of the downhole and the surface microseismic data, what difference they produced in a match if used exclusively, the influence of the number of events on the fracture geometry obtained from the microseismic data, the error of event location, the degree of complexity of the created fracture network, and the relationship between the magnitude of events and the time and location of their occurrence. The fracture models produced good matches for both pressure and fracture geometry but showed problems matching the fracture height due to cross-stage fracturing into parts of the reservoir that were already stimulated in a previous stage. Surface and downhole microseismic data overlapped in certain regions and picked up on different things in others, giving a more complete picture of microseismic activity and fracture growth if used together. However, they deviated in terms of vertical event location with surface data showing more upward growth and downhole data showing more downward growth. In general, the downhole microseismic data showed that the stimulation treatment was successful in creating a fairly complex hydraulic fracture network for all stages, with microseismic recordings making flow paths visible governed by both paleo and present day stress. Plots showing the speed of event generation, the cumulative seismic moment, and the event magnitude versus the event-to-receiver-distance identified interaction with pre-existing fault structures during Stages III and V.
MIMO DFE equalization for multitone DS/SS systems over multipath channels (1996)

The combination of multitone modulation with direct sequence spectrum spreading (DS/SS) has been introduced in the past. The performance of a correlation receiver has been evaluated for a multipath channel and in the presence of an additional multiple access interference. We analyze the problem of decision feedback equalization (DFE) for such a system. In order to understand the potential of the system with equalization, we first study the steady-state behavior of the equalizer for a minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion. The investigation is carried out for a receiver made of a bank of filters matched to both the symbol shape and the channel, and for a two path channel. Assuming transmission of binary phase shift keying (BPSK) symbols, an exact expression of the bit error probability is obtained in the form of an integral. Then adaptive least mean square (LMS) and recursive least square (RLS) structures are derived. The performance of the adaptive RLS algorithm is demonstrated by means of computer simulations.
TBCRC 001: EGFR inhibition with cetuximab added to carboplatin in metastatic triple-negative (basal-like) breast cancer (2008)

1009 Background: Basal-like breast cancer (BBC) has low expression of ER, PR, and HER2, and is thus often called triple negative (TN). Preclinical studies suggest that BBC depend on EGFR/HER1 for proliferation. TBCRC 001 is a multicenter randomized phase II study of cetuximab (C) alone and combined with carboplatin (P) in TN metastatic BrCa (MBC). Methods: Eligibility required measurable disease, ≤ 3 prior chemotherapy, no prior platinum or EGFR inhibitor. Patients (pts) in Arm 1 received C alone (400 mg/m2, then 250 mg/m2 weekly) with P (AUC 2, 3 of 4 weeks) added upon progression (PD). Pts in Arm 2 received C+P throughout. Primary endpoint was objective response (RR, CR+PR). Results: 102 TN patients were enrolled; Arm 1 = 31 pts (closed in 3/07), Arm 2 = 71 (closed 10/07). Mean age 51, 68% white, 26% African American. 87% received prior adjuvant chemo, 54% prior chemo for MBC (24% > 1 prior). Arm 1: PR 6% (2 pts, > 40 weeks), stable disease (SD) 4%, and clinical benefit (CB=PR or SD > 6mos) 10%. Arm 2: RR 18% (13 pts), SD 9% (6), and CB 27% (19). PR did not appear to differ by line of therapy: 14% 1st-line, 31% 2nd-line, 17% 3rd-line. Most pts progressed rapidly; median PFS was 2.0 months. The regimen was tolerable, grade 3 toxicity occurring in > 5% pts were: Arm 1 - rash only (10% pts); Arm 2 - rash (6%), fatigue (6%), and N/V (6%). Two grade 4 infusion reactions occurred in Arm 2. Biopsies from 16 mets confirmed subtype: basal-like (13), claudin-low (2), HER2+/ER- (1). Preliminary pharmacodynamics on paired biopsies (before/after 1–2 weeks therapy) in 9 pts reveal that 7 had gene expression evidence of activity across the EGFR pathway: 2 decreased with treatment (1PR, 1SD); 5 had no change or increased activity with treatment (1SD, 4 PD). Final response rates and further correlative endpoints will be presented. Conclusions: C alone was well tolerated but has low activity in TN MBC. C+P has 18% RR and 27% CB. Many pts progressed rapidly, consistent with the aggressive behavior of this tumor subtype. Serial biopsies offer insight into EGFR pathway modulation by therapy. Translational studies confirming molecular subtype, identifying biologic effects of EGFR inhibition and platinum, evaluating circulating tumor cells, and studying the BRCA1 pathway are ongoing. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Bristol-Myers Squibb
Multiplex Manager 1.0: a cross-platform computer program that plans and optimizes multiplex PCR (2009)

Multiplex Manager 1.0 is a user-friendly cross-platform program that designs efficient combinations of existing genetic marker loci into multiplex polymerase chain reactions and optimizes using prior marker information. The program has the flexibility to solve two design problems: combining all markers into the smallest number of reactions, or alternatively, selecting a subset from many available markers to design an efficient and robust multiplex. Our program minimizes the number of reactions, the genetic linkage, and the difference in annealing temperature. At the same time it maximizes the spacing between markers, the heterozygosity, and the number of alleles. The final output provides easily interpreted and informative graphical representations of reactions, as well as the option of manually editing final reactions. Multiplex Manager 1.0 is freely available at www.multiplexmanager.com.
Predicting basal metabolic rate, new standards and review of previous work. (1985)

After reviewing the literature on basal metabolism, this paper discusses and reviews recent attempts to predict BMR from age, sex and anthropometric measurements. Criticism is made of the scientific and statistical integrity of a widely used table of standard metabolic rates for weight. The statistical screening of data from the literature of the past 50 years is described and equations computed from these screened data are presented. In these equations, BMR is predicted simply from weight or from weight and height with sex and age taken into account. Information is given on error, and tables estimating error for predictions on new data both for individuals and for means of groups of subjects are included. A table of BMRs for weights from 3 to 84 kg for males and females separately is also included. Cross-validation techniques are used to estimate possible threats to validity from various sources including, for example, different procedures of early workers. It was found that in the data available subjects from developing countries not only were smaller and had lower metabolic rates (as was expected) but also had lower rates per unit body weight than European or North American subjects. It is argued that at an individual level the error of prediction must be high since the global operationalisation of BMR confounds separate effects known to participate in complex relations with sex, age and anthropometric indices. The work reported is aimed at meeting a practical need for equations which are simple to apply. However, it was found that little was gained by the use of more complex equations, although they remain of scientific interest.
Neonatal Jaundice-Its Mathematical Model and Treatments (2004)

Neonatal jaundice (icterus neonatorium) is caused by the excessive accumulation of bilirubin, a byproduct of the red blood cells decomposition. Shortly after birth, newborn babies carry a very high level of red blood cells and thus a high concentration of bilirubin. If a baby’s liver is premature, it cannot process the bilirubin as quickly as its body produces. The excessive bilirubin then flows out of the bloodstream and permeates to the body surface causing yellow-colored skin and sclera of the eye and inside lining of the mouth. If jaundice is left untreated, the infant can develop Kernicterus, a form of permanent brain damage. In this paper, we derive a mathematical model for the mass transport of the bilirubin concentration in the human body using the Mass Balance Law. We also incorporate into the model three types of treatments: blood transfusion, phototherapy, and medication. Our goal is, by observing the bilirubin concentration in the blood, to find the optimal treatment(s) to bring the concentration of bilirubin down to a normal level. We will also develop a program that automatically chooses the treatments based on the severity of the bilirubin level.
Cloning of genes governing the deoxysugar portion of the erythromycin biosynthesis pathway in Saccharopolyspora erythraea (Streptomyces erythreus) (1989)

Genes that govern the formation of deoxysugars or their attachment to erythronolide B and 3 alpha-mycarosyl erythronolide B, intermediates of the biosynthesis of the 14-membered macrolide antibiotic erythromycin, were cloned from Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly Streptomyces erythreus). Segments of DNA that complement the eryB25, eryB26, eryB46, eryC1-60, and eryD24 mutations blocking the formation of erythronolide B or 3 alpha-mycarosyl erythronolide B, when cloned in Escherichia coli-Streptomyces shuttle cosmids or plasmid vectors that can transform S. erythraea, were located in a ca. 18-kilobase-pair region upstream of the erythromycin resistance (ermE) gene. The eryC1 gene lies just to the 5' side of ermE, and one (or possibly two) eryB gene is approximately 12 kilobase pairs farther upstream. Another eryB gene may be in the same region, while an additional eryB mutation appears to be located elsewhere. The eryD gene lies between the eryB and eryC1 genes and may regulate their function on the basis of the phenotype of an EryD- mutant.
A NEW METHOD FOR MEASURING AIRWAY RESISTANCE IN MAN USING A BODY PLETHYSMOGRAPH: VALUES IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND IN PATIENTS WITH RESPIRATORY DISEASE 1 (1956)

Satisfactory methods, utilizing measurements of transthoracic or transpulmonary pressure and airflow, are now available for determining "nonelastic" pulmonary resistance. However, the nonelastic pulmonary resistance has two components, tissue resistance and airway resistance, and no valid direct method is available for measuring either of these components separately in man. Since airway resistance is the ratio of alveolar pressure during flow to airflow, airway resistance alone could be measured if there were a method for determining alveolar pressure during flow. This report presents a new method for accomplishing this measurement, and gives data for airway re- sistance obtained in normal subjects and in patients with respiratory disease.
Self localization in virtual environments using visual angles (2004)

This work analyzes judgments of self localization in immersive virtual environments. A sparse environment was created and a set of localization tasks requiring that angle estimates be made to three landmarks was presented to two sets of subjects, one given feedback and one not. Results were compared to experiments in robot navigation as well as real world perceptual experiments. Feedback improved performance as did the configuration of the landmarks use for a task.
Structurally well‐defined macrophage activating factor derived from vitamin D3‐binding protein has a potent adjuvant activity for immunization (1998)

Freund's adjuvant produced severe inflammation that augments development of antibodies. Thus, mixed administration of antigens with adjuvant was not required as long as inflammation was induced in the hosts. Since macrophage activation for phagocytosis and antigen processing is the first step of antibody development, inflammation‐primed macrophage activation plays a major role in immune development. Therefore, macrophage activating factor should act as an adjuvant for immunization. The inflammation‐primed macrophage activation process is the major macrophage activating cascade that requires participation of serum vitamin D 3 ‐binding protein (DBP; human DBP is known as Gc protein) and glycosidases of B and T lymphocytes. Stepwise incubation of Gc protein with immobilized β‐galactosidase and sialidase efficiently generated the most potent macrophage activating factor (designated GcMAF) we have ever encountered. Administration of GcMAF (20 or 100 pg/mouse) resulted in stimulation of the progenitor cells for extensive mitogenesis and activation of macrophages. Administration of GcMAF (100 pg/mouse) along with immunization of mice with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) produced a large number of anti‐SRBC antibody secreting splenic cells in 2–4 days. Thus, GcMAF has a potent adjuvant activity for immunization. Although malignant tumours are poorly immunogenic, 4 days after GcMAF‐primed immunization of mice with heat‐killed Ehrlich ascites tumour cells, the ascites tumour was no longer transplantable in these mice.
Receptor-mediated transfer of pSV2CAT DNA to mouse liver cells using asialofetuin-labeled liposomes. (1995)

Asialofetuin-labeled liposomes (AF-liposomes) were developed as a nonviral vector having high transfection activity for receptor-mediated gene transfer to hepatocytes by systemic administration. Initially, the majority of pSV2CAT, a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene expression plasmid, was associated with AF-liposomes (AF-liposome-pSV2CAT), and they were injected into the portal vein of an adult mouse. Significantly high CAT activity was observed in the liver. The CAT activity in the liver was further increased two-fold by using AF-liposomes completely encapsulating pSV2CAT. Nonlabeled control liposomes, on the other hand, showed lower CAT activity in the liver than in the spleen or lung. The level of CAT mRNA reflected the CAT activity obtained by each liposome preparation in each tissue. Immunohistochemical staining showed that CAT was produced in a large number of parenchymal cells localizing in the periportal area. The plasmid encapsulated in the internal aqueous layer of the liposomes was effectively protected from environmental degradation. Thus, by administration into the blood circulation, AF-liposomes would be successfully incorporated into hepatocytes through receptor-mediated endocytosis, and the encapsulated plasmid would be transferred to the intracellular pathway.
The Development of a Biologically-Inspired Directional Microphone for Hearing Aids (2006)

The development of novel micro-fabrication techniques for producing a directional microphone for hearing aids is here described. The mechanisms underlying both the structure and function of these unusual microphones were originally inspired by the ears of an inconspicuous insect, the parasitoid fly Ormia ochracea. The structure of Ormia's ears inspired new approaches to design directional microphones that are more sensitive and have lower thermal noise than that typical of those using traditional approaches. The mechanisms for directional hearing in this animal are discussed along with the engineering design concepts that they have inspired, because they illustrate how basic research can inspire technology development-translational research. However, to realize the potential of bio-exploitation this microphone diaphragm concept would have been very difficult to realize without the availability of new silicon micro-fabrication technologies. Thus, this report can be viewed as an example of what may be possible with the application of new fabrication methods to microphones. Challenges and opportunities provided by the use of silicon micro-fabrication technology for microphones are discussed.
Acceleration and Improvement of Protein Identification by Mass Spectrometry (2005)

At present where protein identification and characterisation using mass spectrometry is a method of choice, this book is presenting a review of basic proteomic techniques. The second part of the book