gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Absorption sensor for CO in combustion gases using 2.3 µm tunable diode lasers (2009)

Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy of CO was studied in the controlled laboratory environments of a heated cell and a combustion exhaust rig. Two absorption lines, R(10) and R(11) in the first overtone band of CO near 2.3 µm, were selected from a HITRAN simulation to minimize interference from water vapor at a representative combustion exhaust temperature (~1200 K). The linestrengths and collision broadening coefficients for these lines were measured in a heated static cell. This database was then used in a comparative study of direct absorption and wavelength-modulation absorption. CO concentration measurements using scanned-wavelength direct absorption (DA) and wavelength modulation with the second-harmonic signal normalized by the first-harmonic signal (WMS-2f/1f) all agreed with those measured by a conventional gas sampling analyzer over the range from <10 ppm to 2.3%. As expected, water vapor was found to be the dominant source of background interference for CO detection in combustion flows at high temperatures. Water absorption was measured to a high spectral resolution within the wavelength region 4295–4301 cm−1 at 1100 K, and shown to produce <10 ppm level interference for CO detection in combustion exhausts at temperatures up to 1200 K. We found that the WMS-2f/1f strategy avoids the need for WMS calibration measurements but requires characterization of the wavelength and injection-current intensity modulation of the specific diode laser. We conclude that WMS-2f/1f using the selected R(10) or R(11) transitions in the CO overtone band holds good promise for sensitive in situ detection of ppm-level CO in combustion flows, with high resistance to interference absorption from H2O.
Rear motor control for a 4WD hybrid electric vehicle stability (2006)

Vehicle stability control for a 4WD hybrid electric vehicle is investigated using the rear motor driving/regenerative braking control and electro-hydraulic brake (EHB) control. A fuzzy rule based control algorithm is proposed, which generates the direct yaw moment to compensate the errors of the sideslip angle and yaw rate. Performance of the vehicle stability control algorithm is evaluated using ADAMS/Car and MATLAB Simulink co-simulation. The co-simulation program consists of 3 parts (1) ADAMS/Car model, (2)MATLAB Simulink model and (3) interface model. It is found from the simulation results that the direct yaw moment generated by the rear motor control is able to provide the improved stability compared with the vehicle performance without any control. It is found that better performance can be achieved by applying the rear motor plus EHB control.
The Biology of Natural Transformation (1986)

Natural transformation is widely distributed among bacteria. Its variations, in terms of specific mechanisms, may in part reflect responses to different selective pressures in different bacteria. We have suggested that both gene transfer and acquisition of carbon, nitrogen, and energy represent physiological needs that may have contributed to the evolution of natural transformation. While natural transformation was the first mechanism of genetic exchange to be detected, it is perhaps the least understood. Our understanding of the mechanism for uptake and incorporation of soluble DNA has increased significantly in the last two decades, but the overall picture of transformation as a biologically significant function is still unfolding. The mechanism by which DNA is released for transformation, the control of genes involved in DNA release and uptake, the potential for transformation in the natural environment, and the potential of natural transformation as a tool for other microbiological studies are but a few of the important issues that remain.
Genetic Regulatory Elements Introduced Into Neural Stem and Progenitor Cell Populations (1999)

The genetic manipulation of neural cells has advantage in both basic biology and medicine. Its utility has provided a clearer understanding of how the survival, connectivity, and chemical phenotype of neurones is regulated during, and after, embryogenesis. Much of this achievement has come from the recent generation by genetic means of reproducible and representative supplies of precursor cells which can then be analyzed in a variety of paradigms. Furthermore, advances made in the clinical use of transplantation for neurodegenerative disease have created a demand for an abundant, efficacious and safe supply of neural cells for grafting. This review describes how genetic methods, in juxtaposition to epigenetic means, have been used advantageously to achieve this goal. In particular, we detail how gene transfer techniques have been developed to enable cell immortalization, manipulation of cell differentiation and commitment, and the controlled selection of cells for purification or safety purposes. In addition, it is now also possible to genetically modify antigen presentation on cell surfaces. Finally, there is detailed the transfer of therapeutic products to discrete parts of the central nervous system (CNS), using neural cells as elegant and sophisticated delivery vehicles. In conclusion, once the epigenetic and genetic controls over neural cell production, differentiation and death have been more fully determined, providing a mixture of hard-wired elements and more flexibly expressed characteristics becomes feasible. Optimization of the contributions and interactions of these two controlling systems should lead to improved cell supplies for neurotransplantation.
Crystalline Zeolites. I. The Properties of a New Synthetic Zeolite, Type A (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystalline Zeolites. I. The Properties of a New Synthetic Zeolite, Type AD. W. Breck, W. G. Eversole, R. M. Milton, T. B. Reed, and T. L. ThomasCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 23, 5963–5972Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01604a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01604a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3739Altmetric-Citations535LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ring Perception Using Breadth-First Search (1996)

Combining breadth-first search with new ideas for uncovering embedded rings in complex systems1 yields a very fast routine for ring perception. With large structures, the new routine is orders of magnitude faster than depth-first ring detection, a result expected on the basis of recent work that establishes polynomial order for BFS.2
Induced pluripotent stem cells: what lies beyond the paradigm shift (2010)

The discovery that somatic cells can be reprogrammed to become induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has ushered in a new and exciting era in regenerative medicine. Since the seminal discovery of somatic cell reprogramming by Takahashi and Yamanaka in 2006, there has been remarkable progress in the characterization of iPS cells and the protocols used to generate them. The new information generated during the past year alone has vastly expanded our understanding of these cells. Accordingly, this review provides a basic overview of the different strategies used to generate iPS cells and focuses on recent developments in the field of iPS cells. In the final section, we discuss three broad, unanswered questions related to somatic cell reprogramming, which are just starting to be addressed.
Cartilage repair: A critical review (1996)

(1996). Cartilage repair: A critical review. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica: Vol. 67, No. 5, pp. 523-529.
Factors affecting viability and growth in HeLa 229 cells of Chlamydia sp. strain TWAR (1988)

Two prototype isolates (TW-183 and AR-39) of Chlamydia sp. strain TWAR were used to study factors affecting growth of this organism in HeLa 229 cells. The results showed that an incubation temperature of 35 degrees C was better than one of 37 degrees C for growth. The burst size after 3 days of incubation at 35 degrees C was found to be small (13 to 52), which partially explains the difficulty of serial passage in cell culture. Application of a higher centrifugal force (1,700 X g versus 900 X g) at the time of inoculation enhanced growth 2.2 to 3.6 times. Infectivity was enhanced by treatment of cells with DEAE-dextran (2.4 times) or poly-L-lysine (1.6 times), but not with Polybrene or polyethylene glycol. The viability of the TWAR organism in chlamydia transport medium SPG was also studied. It was shown that the organism was rapidly inactivated at room temperature (22 degrees C); only 1% remained viable after storage for 24 h. The viability was preserved at 4 degrees C, and 70% remained viable after storage for 24 h. Freezing at -75 degrees C inactivated 23% of the organisms when the organisms were frozen within 4 h after harvesting and stored at 4 degrees C before freezing.
Avalanche amplification of multiple resonant tunneling through parallel silicon microcrystallites (1995)

Current-voltage measurements of resonant tunneling through nanoscale silicon particles reveal large current staircases. These current jumps are sharper than what would be expected considering feature smearing due to a distribution of particle sizes and are surprisingly large (fivefold increase in current). This situation is now understood. The sharpness of the current jumps comes from the action of tunneling through a few groups of particles of different sizes connected in parallel, and the magnitude of the current jumps results from substrate avalanche multiplication of the small injected resonant-tunneling current.
A proven method for acquiring highly repeatable towed streamer seismic data (2003)

Abstract Seismic reservoir monitoring has become an important tool in the management of many fields. Monitoring subtle changes in the seismic properties of a reservoir caused by production places strong demands on seismic repeatability. A lack of repeatability limits how frequently reservoir changes can be monitored or the applicability of seismic monitoring at all. In this paper we show that towing many streamers with narrow separation, combined with cross-line interpolation of data onto predefined sail lines, can give highly repeatable marine seismic data. Results from two controlled zero time lag monitoring experiments in the North Sea demonstrate high sensitivity to changing water level and variations in lateral positions. After corrections by deterministic tidal time shifts and spatial interpolation of the irregularly sampled streamer data, relative rms difference amplitude levels are as low as 12% for a deep, structurally complex field and as low as 6% for a shallow, structurally simple field. Reducing the degree of nonrepeatability to as low as 6% to 12% allows monitoring of smaller reflectivity changes. In terms of reservoir management this has three important benefits: (1) reservoirs with small seismic changes resulting from production can be monitored, (2) reservoirs with large seismic changes can be monitored more frequently, and (3) monitoring data can be used more quantitatively.
Synthesis of (6R)- and (6S)-5,10-dideazatetrahydrofolate oligo-γ-glutamates: Kinetics of multiple glutamate ligations catalyzed by folylpoly-γ-glutamate synthetase (2005)

Folylpoly-gamma-glutamate synthetase (FPGS, EC 6.3.2.17) catalyzes the ATP-dependent ligation of glutamic acid to reduced folates including (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate (H4PteGlu), as well as to anticancer drugs such as 5,10-dideaza-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate ((6R)-DDAH4PteGlu1, (6R)-DDATHF, Lometrexol). Synthesis of unlabeled mono- and polyglutamates, DDAH4PteGlu(n) (6R, n = 1-6; 6S, n = 1-2), as well as (6R)-DDAH4Pte[14C]Glu1, was effected from (6R)- or (6S)-5,10-dideazatetrahydropteroyl azide and glutamic acid, H-Glu-gamma-Glu(n)-gamma-Glu-OH (n = 0-4), or [14C]glutamic acid, respectively. These compounds were evaluated as FPGS substrates to determine steady-state kinetic constants. Michaelis-Menten kinetics were observed for (6R)-DDAH4PteGlu1, the isomer corresponding to H(4)PteGlu, whereas marked substrate inhibition was observed for (6S)-DDAH4PteGlu(n) (n = 1-2) and (6R)-DDAH4PteGlu(n) (n = 2-5), but not (6R)-DDAH4PteGlu6. Multiple ligation of glutamate renders a quantitative analysis of these data difficult. However, approximate values of K(M) = 0.65-1.6 microM and K(I) = 144-417 microM for DDAH4PteGlu(n) were obtained using a simple kinetic model.
Introduction to Reinforcement Learning (1998)

From the Publisher:
In Reinforcement Learning, Richard Sutton and Andrew Barto provide a clear and simple account of the key ideas and algorithms of reinforcement learning. Their discussion ranges from the history of the field's intellectual foundations to the most recent developments and applications. The only necessary mathematical background is familiarity with elementary concepts of probability.
Clinical Experience With Apomorphine Hydrochloride: The First 107 Patients (2003)

Apomorphine hydrochloride is the first central action erection inducing drug. Its use is encouraged by high tolerability, low rate of adverse effects and virtually nonexistent interaction with other drugs usually administered to patients with erectile dysfunction.
Microinjection of glutamate into the pedunculopontine tegmentum induces REM sleep and wakefulness in the rat (2001)

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the cells in the brain stem pedunculopontine tegmentum (PPT) are critically involved in the normal regulation of wakefulness and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. To test this hypothesis, one of four different doses of the excitatory amino acid L-glutamate (15, 30, 60, and 90 ng) or saline (control vehicle) was microinjected unilaterally into the PPT while the effects on wakefulness and sleep were quantified in freely moving chronically instrumented rats. All microinjections were made during wakefulness and were followed by 6 h of polygraphic recording. Microinjection of 15- ng (0.08 nmol) and 30-ng (0.16 nmol) doses of L-glutamate into the PPT increased the total amount of REM sleep. Both doses of L-glutamate increased REM sleep at the expense of slow-wave sleep (SWS) but not wakefulness. Interestingly, the 60-ng (0.32 nmol) dose of L-glutamate increased both REM sleep and wakefulness. The total increase in REM sleep after the 60-ng dose of L-glutamate was significantly less than the increase from the 30-ng dose. The 90-ng (0.48 nmol) dose of L-glutamate kept animals awake for 2-3 h by eliminating both SWS and REM sleep. These results show that the L-glutamate microinjection into the PPT can increase wakefulness and/or REM sleep depending on the dosage. These findings support the hypothesis that excitation of the PPT cells is causal to the generation of wakefulness and REM sleep in the rat. In addition, the results of this study led to the identification of the PPT dosage of L-glutamate that optimally induces wakefulness and REM sleep. The knowledge of this optimal dose will be useful in future studies investigating the second messenger systems involved in the regulation of wakefulness and REM sleep.
Oral-surgical management of an odontogenic keratocyst in a patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (1981)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a debilitating disease affecting male cIdldren, presents special considerations for the dentist faced with an oral-surgical problem. When general anesthesia is contraindicated, local anesthesia and a change in technique is indicated. One technique of outpatient surgical management of an odontogenic keratocyst, in a patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, is described.
Nuclear Propulsion based on Inductively Driven Liner Compression of Fusion Plasmoids (2011)

A critical limitation for the exploration and development of space stems from the fact that existing propulsion technology can not achieve cost effective payload delivery due to the low exhaust velocity and specific energy provided by chemical combustion compared to that required for rapid planetary travel. In the propulsion system described here, the optimal velocity and thrust is obtained with a solid propellant that is initially in the form of an assembly of metal rings or liners that are inductively driven both radially inward and axially by electromagnetic coils. The large specific energy required for rapid manned space travel is obtained from the dual use of the metal liners for compression of a magnetized target plasmoid to fusion conditions as well as a propellant. With an inductively driven, axially segmented metal liner a fully three dimensional target compression can be realized. This permits a wider range of fusion reactions including D-T, D-D and D3 He that can be employed to provide for efficient coupling of the fusion energy into propulsion and electricity. During the fusion burn, the drifting liner is rapidly heated by fusion products, plasma radiation and Ohmic heating that powers a rapid re-expansion of the liner. With the liner at this point having drifted into a divergent magnetic field, the liner expansion is reacted against the ambient magnetic field causing flux compression which provides for a direct method for extracting the electrical power via the back emf experienced by the magnetic field coils. The divergent field geometry also acts to convert any remaining liner thermal energy into directed thrust at high Isp. An analysis of the conditions required for unity gain fusion as well as other possible embodiments for the fusion based thruster will be presented.
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit C is overexpressed and promotes cell proliferation in human glioma U-87 MG cells (2015)

Disrupted protein translation is prevalent in tumours. Eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs) were found to play an important role in various tumours. However, the involvement of eIFs in glioma remains to be elucidated. The present study explored the expression and the role of eIF 3, subunit C (eIF3c) in human glioma. The expression of eIF3c in glioma tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The impact of eIF3c inhibition on U-87 MG was explored <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> by lentivirus-mediated siRNA targeting eIF3c. The results revealed that overexpression of eIF3c was present in glioma tissues. Knockdown of eIF3c significantly impaired cell proliferation and colony formation, further induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in the U-87 MG cell line. Furthermore, tumoursphere formation in the U-87 MG glioma xenograft model was blocked by eIF3c knockdown. The involvement of eIF3c in the tumorigenesis of glioma was confirmed, suggesting eIF3c may be a promising therapy target in human glioma.
α-l-LNA (α-i-ribo Configured Locked Nucleic Acid) Recognition of RNA. A Study by NMR Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTα-l-LNA (α-i-ribo Configured Locked Nucleic Acid) Recognition of RNA. A Study by NMR Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics SimulationsMichael Petersen, Anders E. Håkansson, Jesper Wengel, and Jens Peter JacobsenView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Southern Denmark- Odense University, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 30, 7431–7432Publication Date (Web):July 6, 2001Publication History Received1 March 2001Published online6 July 2001Published inissue 1 August 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja010557uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja010557urapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views255Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Carbohydrates,Conformation,Genetics,Monomers,Nucleic acid structure Get e-Alerts
Characterization and expression profiles of MaACS and MaACO genes from mulberry (Morus alba L.) (2014)

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO) are encoded by multigene families and are involved in fruit ripening by catalyzing the production of ethylene throughout the development of fruit. However, there are no reports on ACS or ACO genes in mulberry, partly because of the limited molecular research background. In this study, we have obtained five ACS gene sequences and two ACO gene sequences from Morus Genome Database. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of MaACO1 and MaACO2 showed that their amino acids are conserved compared with ACO proteins from other species. MaACS1 and MaACS2 are type I, MaACS3 and MaACS4 are type II, and MaACS5 is type III, with different C-terminal sequences. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) expression analysis showed that the transcripts of MaACS genes were strongly expressed in fruit, and more weakly in other tissues. The expression of MaACO1 and MaACO2 showed different patterns in various mulberry tissues. MaACS and MaACO genes demonstrated two patterns throughout the development of mulberry fruit, and both of them were strongly up-regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) and ethephon.
Silicon charge electrode array for ink jet printing (1978)

A monolithic charge electrode array suitable for use in a multiple channel ink jet printing apparatus has been fabricated by anisotropic etching of trapezoidal slots through a