gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Writing Under Control (2013)

Contents Contributors Introduction Acknowledgements 1. From Copying to Creation: the teaching of writing before the 1980s Pat Pinsent 2. Process, Genre, Strategy, Framework: Three Decades of Development in the Teaching of Writing Rebecca Bunting 3. This is different writing: the world outside the classroom in children's texts Kimberly Safford 4. The Writing Journey Fiona Collins and Anne Washtell 5. Routines and Resources Anne Washtell 6. Composition Fiona M. Collins 7. Transcription: Spelling, Punctuation and Handwriting Alison Kelly 8. Monitoring and Assessing Writing Liz Laycock 9. Meeting Individual Needs Judith Graham 10. Specific Learning Difficulties in Writing Cathy Svensson
Novel Extended-Pi Shaped Silicon-Germanium (eΠ-SiGe) Source/Drain Stressors for Strain and Performance Enhancement in P-Channel FinFETs (2007)

2007 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,Novel Extended-Pi Shaped Silicon-Germanium (eΠ-SiGe) Source/Drain Stressors for Strain and Performance Enhancement in P-Channel FinFETs
954. Chlorine-activation by redox-transfer. Part IV. The addition of sulphonyl chlorides to vinylic monomers and other olefins (1964)

M. Asscher and D. Vofsi, J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 4962 DOI: 10.1039/JR9640004962
Interactive Markerless Articulated Hand Motion Tracking Using RGB and Depth Data (2013)

Tracking the articulated 3D motion of the hand has important applications, for example, in human-computer interaction and teleoperation. We present a novel method that can capture a broad range of articulated hand motions at interactive rates. Our hybrid approach combines, in a voting scheme, a discriminative, part-based pose retrieval method with a generative pose estimation method based on local optimization. Color information from a multi-view RGB camera setup along with a person-specific hand model are used by the generative method to find the pose that best explains the observed images. In parallel, our discriminative pose estimation method uses fingertips detected on depth data to estimate a complete or partial pose of the hand by adopting a part-based pose retrieval strategy. This part-based strategy helps reduce the search space drastically in comparison to a global pose retrieval strategy. Quantitative results show that our method achieves state-of-the-art accuracy on challenging sequences and a near-real time performance of 10 fps on a desktop computer.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of High-Dose Human Regular U-500 Insulin Versus Human Regular U-100 Insulin in Healthy Obese Subjects (2011)

Overall exposure to and action of U-500R insulin after subcutaneous injection were no different from those of U-100R insulin. For U-500R, peaks of concentration and action profiles were blunted and the effect after the peak was prolonged. These findings may help guide therapy with U-500R insulin for highly insulin-resistant patients with diabetes.
Bayesian and Non-Bayesian Evidential Updating (1984)

Four main results are arrived at in this paper.(1) Closed convex sets of classical probability functions provide a representation of belief that includes the representations provided by Shafer probability mass functions as a special case.(2) The impact of "uncertain evidence" can be (formally) represented by Dempster conditioning, in Shafer's framework.(3) The impact of "uncertai nevi dence" can be (formally) represented in the framework of convex sets of classical probabilities by classical conditionalization.(4) The probability intervals that result from Dempster/Shafer updating on uncertain evidence are included in (and may be properly included in) the intervals that result from Bayesian updating on uncertain evidence.
RNA-protein interactions: involvement of NS3, NS5, and 3' noncoding regions of Japanese encephalitis virus genomic RNA (1997)

The mechanism of replication of the flavivirus Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is not well known. The structures at the 3' end of the viral genome are highly conserved among divergent flaviviruses, suggesting that they may function as cis-acting signals for RNA replication and, as such, might specifically bind to cellular or viral proteins. UV cross-linking experiments were performed to identify the proteins that bind with the JEV plus-strand 3' noncoding region (NCR). Two proteins, p71 and p110, from JEV-infected but not from uninfected cell extracts were shown to bind specifically to the plus-strand 3' NCR. The quantities of these binding proteins increased during the course of JEV infection and correlated with the levels of JEV RNA synthesis in cell extracts. UV cross-linking coupled with Western blot and immunoprecipitation analysis showed that the p110 and p71 proteins were JEV NS5 and NS3, respectively, which are proposed as components of the RNA replicase. The putative stem-loop structure present within the plus-strand 3' NCR was required for the binding of these proteins. Furthermore, both proteins could interact with each other and form a protein-protein complex in vivo. These findings suggest that the 3' NCR of JEV genomic RNA may form a replication complex together with NS3 and NS5; this complex may be involved in JEV minus-strand RNA synthesis.
Genetic Diversity of the Capsular Polysaccharide C Biosynthesis Region of Bacteroides fragilis (2000)

A genetic approach was used to assess the heterogeneity of the capsular polysaccharide C (PS C) biosynthesis locus of Bacteroides fragilis and to determine whether distinct loci contain genes whose products are likely to be involved in conferring charged groups that enable the B. fragilis capsular polysaccharides to induce abscesses. A collection of 50 B. fragilis strains was examined. PCR analysis demonstrated that the genes flanking the PS C biosynthesis region are conserved, whereas the genes within the loci are heterogeneous. Only cfiA(+) B. fragilis strains, which represent 3% of the clinical isolates of B. fragilis, displayed heterogeneity in the regions flanking the polysaccharide biosynthesis genes. Primers were designed in the conserved regions upstream and downstream of the PS C locus and were used to amplify the region from 45 of the 50 B. fragilis strains studied. Fourteen PS C genetic loci could be differentiated by a combination of PCR and extended PCR. These loci ranged in size from 14 to 26 kb. Hybridization analysis with genes from the PS C loci of strains 9343 and 638R revealed that the majority of strains contain homologs of wcgC (N-acetylmannosamine dehydrogenase), wcfF (putative dehydrogenase), and wcgP (putative aminotransferase). The data suggest that the synthesis of polysaccharides that have zwitterionic characteristics rendering them able to induce abscesses is common in B. fragilis.
Synthesis of Size-Selected, Surface-Passivated InP Nanocrystals (1996)

Quantum-confined InP nanocrystals from 20 to 50 Å in diameter have been synthesized via the reaction of InCl3 and P(Si(CH3)3)3 in trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) at elevated temperatures. The nanocrystals are highly crystalline, monodisperse, and soluble in various organic solvents. Improved size distributions have been obtained by size-selectively reprecipitating the nanocrystals. The UV/vis absorption spectra of the particles show the characteristic blue shift of the band gap of up to 1 eV due to quantum confinement, a moderately well-resolved first excitonic excited state, and, in some cases, the resolution of a higher excited state. Structurally, the nanocrystals are characterized with powder X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Raman spectroscopy reveals TO and LO modes near the characteristic bulk InP positions as well a surface mode resulting from finite size. The Raman line widths, line positions, and relative intensities are all size-dependent . X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) shows the nanocrystals have a nearly stoichiometric ratio of indium to phosphorus with TOPO surface coverages ranging from 30% to 100%. We have also used XPS to correlate the oxidation of the nanocrystal surface with photoluminescence intensity. Photoluminescence is observed as both band edge and deep trap emission with both features shifting with nanocrystal size. The luminescence is highly dependent on the surface of the nanocrystal with oxidation being a necessary condition for emission.
Effects of synthetic atrial natriuretic factor on renal function and renin release (1984)

Studies were performed in anesthetized dogs (n = 5) to determine the effects of synthetic atrial natriuretic factor on renal function and renin release. Intrarenal infusion of synthetic atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) (0.3 microgram X kg-1 X min-1) resulted in a transient increase in renal blood flow (126 +/- 8 to 148 +/- 11 ml/min). The duration of this transient vasodilation was 3.1 +/- 0.4 min. Continued infusion was followed by a slight decrease in renal blood flow (126 +/- 8 to 117 +/- 8 ml/min) and an increase in glomerular filtration rate (23.1 +/- 3.5 to 30.7 +/- 1.9 ml/min), with filtration fraction thus being increased (0.19 +/- 0.04 to 0.27 +/- 0.03). These hemodynamic alterations were associated with increases in fractional sodium excretion (0.6 +/- 0.2 to 5.8 +/- 0.8%), fractional potassium excretion (30.8 +/- 9.4 to 56.3 +/- 7.4%), fractional lithium excretion (32.2 +/- 7.1 to 60.3 +/- 5.7%), and fractional phosphate excretion (8.7 +/- 3.5 to 41.6 +/- 11.7%). Intrarenal infusion of synthetic ANF markedly suppressed renin secretion rate (295.5 +/- 84.6 to 17.2 +/- 10.6 ng/min) despite a slight reduction in arterial pressure (123 +/- 9 to 118 +/- 9 mmHg). Our studies demonstrate that synthetic ANF results in a marked natriuretic response that is in part mediated by an increase in glomerular filtration rate. The increase in fractional lithium and phosphate excretion suggests that this factor may also have an action on proximal tubule reabsorption. Further, these studies demonstrate that synthetic ANF markedly inhibits renin secretion.
Molecular cloning and characterization of SCaMPER, a sphingolipid Ca2+ release-mediating protein from endoplasmic reticulum. (1996)

Release of Ca2+ stored in endoplasmic reticulum is a ubiquitous mechanism involved in cellular signal transduction, proliferation, and apoptosis. Recently, sphingolipid metabolites have been recognized as mediators of intracellular Ca2+ release, through their action at a previously undescribed intracellular Ca2+ channel. Here we describe the molecular cloning and characterization of a protein that causes the expression of sphingosyl-phosphocholine-mediated Ca2+ release when its complementary RNA is injected into Xenopus oocytes. SCaMPER (for sphingolipid Ca2+ release-mediating protein of endoplasmic reticulum) is an 181 amino acid protein with two putative membrane-spanning domains. SCaMPER is incorporated into microsomes upon expression in SO cells or after translation in vitro. It mediates Ca2+ release at 4 degrees C as well as 22 degrees C, consistent with having ion channel function. The EC50 for Ca2+ release from Xenopus oocytes is 40 microM, similar to sphingosyl-phosphocholine-mediated Ca2+ release from permeabilized mammalian cells. Because Ca2+ release is not blocked by ryanodine or La3+, the activity described here is distinct from the Ca2+ release activity of the ryanodine receptor and the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor. The properties of SCaMPER are identical to those of the sphingolipid-gated Ca2+ channel that we have previously described. These findings suggest that SCaMPER is a sphingolipid-gated Ca2+-permeable channel and support its role as a mediator of this pathway for intracellular Ca2+ signal transduction.
A Comparison of Vasopressin and Epinephrine for Out-of-Hospital Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (2004)

The effects of vasopressin were similar to those of epinephrine in the management of ventricular fibrillation and pulseless electrical activity, but vasopressin was superior to epinephrine in patients with asystole. Vasopressin followed by epinephrine may be more effective than epinephrine alone in the treatment of refractory cardiac arrest.
Monitoring spatial and temporal distribution of temperature and relative humidity in greenhouses based on wireless sensor technology. (2010)

A homogeneous greenhouse climatehas economic advantages due toa more homogeneous crop, lesser diseases and possibilitiesto save energy.The horizontaldistribution oftemperature and humidity,obtainedwitha dense grid oflow-costwireless sensors,opens ways tocontrol homogeneity, either by adapting the greenhouse infrastructure or by selectively operating greenhouse heating and ventilation.Trials were performed with 100 sensors in four commercial greenhouses,to evaluate th practical use,observe climatevariability anddetermineamount of sensorsneeded foran accurate estimate of the spatial and temporalclimatedistribution.We observed long-term averaged spatial differences for temperature and h umidity ofrespectively1.0 �3.4 o C and 10 �40 %, and aspatial differences are larger. The greenhouse s investigated showed that at least 9 sensors per hectare (±33m apart) were necessary to detect long term cold or wet spots
Oracle8 Advanced Tuning & Administration (1998)

Part I: Managing Database Size, Performance, and Emergencies. Part II: Administration of a Growing Database. Planning for Your Database Growth. Memory and CPU Tuning Issues. Hardware Tuning Issues. Managing the Space Inside Your Database. Database Shutdown/Startup Kit. Part III: Tuning a Growing Database. Managing for Performance. Monitoring. Environment Tuning. EXPLAINing SQL Treatment Tuning. The Top 13 SQL Tuning Tips. Part IV: Advanced Tuning Options. Parallel Options. When All Else Fails: New and Improved Tuning Options. Part V: DBA Practice Questions. Oracle DBA Practice Questions. Analysis of the Practice Questions.
Reducing risks from poorly chosen keys (1989)

It is well-known that, left to themselves, people will choose passwords that can be rather readily guessed. If this is done, they are usually vulnerable to an attack based on copying the content of messages forming part of an authentication protocol and experimenting, e.g. with a dictionary, offline. The most usual counter to this threat is to require people to use passwords which are obscure, or even to insist on the system choosing their passwords for them. In this paper we show alternatively how to construct an authentication protocol in which offline experimentation is impracticable; any attack based on experiment must involve the real authentication server and is thus open to detection by the server noticing multiple attempts.
Deoxyribonucleoside Phosphoramidites (2001)

The detailed preparation of deoxyribonucleoside phosphoramidites bearing a 4-[N-methyl-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)amino]butyl group for P(III) protection is presented. The use of this group circumvents nucleobase alkylation during oligonucleotide deprotection. Two syntheses of phosphoramidites starting from either a phosphordichloridite precursor or a bis-(N,N-diisopropylamino)chlorophosphine intermediate are described for the phosphinylation of suitably protected deoxyribonucleosides.
Isolation and Identification of Novel Tocotrienols from Rice Bran with Hypocholesterolemic, Antioxidant, and Antitumor Properties (2000)

Two novel tocotrienols were isolated from stabilized and heated rice bran, apart from the known alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherols and tocotrienols. These new tocotrienols were separated by HPLC, using a normal phase silica column. Their structures were determined by ultraviolet, infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, circular dichroism, and high-resolution mass spectroscopies and established as desmethyl tocotrienol [3, 4-dihydro-2-methyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-3'(E),7'(E), 11'-trienyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol] and didesmethy tocotrienol [3, 4-dihydro-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-3'(E),7'(E), 11'-trienyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol]. These tocotrienols significantly lowered serum total and LDL cholesterol levels and inhibited HMG-CoA reductase activity in chickens. They had much greater in vitro antioxidant activities and greater suppression of B16 melanoma cell proliferation than alpha-tocopherol and known tocotrienols. Results indicated that the number and position of methyl substituents in tocotrienols affect their hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant, and antitumor properties.
Klotho deficiency aggravates sepsis-related multiple organ dysfunction (2018)

Sepsis-induced organ failure is characterized by a massive inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in approximately half of patients in septic shock, and the mortality associated with sepsis-induced AKI is unacceptably high. Klotho is a protein expressed by renal cells and has anti-senescence properties. Klotho has also been shown to protect the kidneys in ischemia-reperfusion injury and to have antioxidant properties. To analyze the role of Klotho in sepsis-related organ dysfunction and AKI, we used a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis in heterozygous Klotho-haploinsufficient mice and their wild-type littermates (CLP- Kl/+ and CLP-WT mice, respectively). In comparison with the CLP-WT mice, CLP- Kl/+ mice showed lower survival, impaired renal function, impaired hepatic function, greater oxidative stress, upregulation of inflammatory pathways (at the systemic and kidney tissue levels), and increased NF-κB activation. It is noteworthy that CLP- Kl/+ mice also showed lower heart-rate variability, less sympathetic activity, impaired baroreflex sensitivity to sodium nitroprusside, and a blunted blood pressure response to phenylephrine. We also demonstrated that sepsis creates a state of acute Klotho deficiency. Given that low Klotho expression exacerbates sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction, Klotho might play a protective role in sepsis, especially in elderly individuals in whom Klotho expression is naturally reduced.
Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Thyroid Malignancy Using an Artificial Immune System Classification Algorithm (2009)

The diagnosis of thyroid malignancy by fine needle aspiration (FNA) examination has been proven to show wide variations of sensitivity and specificity. This paper proposes the utilization of a computer-aided diagnosis system based on a supervised classification algorithm from the artificial immune systems to assist the task of thyroid malignancy diagnosis. The core of the proposed algorithm is the so-called BoxCells, which are defined as parallelepipeds in the feature space. Properly defined operators act on the BoxCells in order to convert them into individual, elementary classifiers. The proposed algorithm is applied on FNA data from 2016 subjects with verified diagnosis and has exhibited average specificity higher than 99%, 90% sensitivity, and 98.5% accuracy. Furthermore, 24% of the cases that are characterized as "suspicious" by FNA and are histologically proven nonmalignancies have been classified correctly.
Overcoming immunological tolerance to melanoma: Targeting CTLA‐4 (2010)

Abstract The use of immunotherapeutics in melanoma has received much attention, and recent advances to further characterize the regulatory components of the immune system and the importance of co-stimulatory molecules have opened a new area for clinical investigation. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) serves as a negative regulator of immunity. Recent trials administering fully human anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies to melanoma patients have demonstrated clinically meaningful responses. Treatment with CTLA-4 blocking antibodies, however, is not without potential toxicities. Autoimmune side-effects, the most common being colitis-associated diarrhea, are frequently associated with clinical responses. In efforts to build upon prior vaccination efforts as well as attempt to offer patients clinically meaningful immune responses with a CTLA-4 blockade but without significant toxicities, we conducted a clinical trial in patients who previously received autologous tumor cells engineered to secrete granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GVAX; Cell Genesys, South San Francisco, CA, USA) with periodic infusions of CTLA-4 blocking antibodies. This sequential treatment resulted in clinically significant anti-tumor immunity without grade 3 or 4 toxicity in most patients. Pathological analyses following treatment of pre-existing tumors revealed a linear correlation between tumor necrosis and the ratio of intra-tumoral CD8+ effector cells to FoxP3+ regulatory cells (T(regs)). Effective anti-tumor immunity and serious autoimmunity can be disassociated. Further targeting of anti-tumor T(regs)in combinatorial therapy approaches may be a rich avenue of future investigation.
Interaction of nanoparticles with proteins: relation to bio-reactivity of the nanoparticle (2013)

Interaction of nanoparticles with proteins is the basis of nanoparticle bio-reactivity. This interaction gives rise to the formation of a dynamic nanoparticle-protein corona. The protein corona may influence cellular uptake, inflammation, accumulation, degradation and clearance of the nanoparticles. Furthermore, the nanoparticle surface can induce conformational changes in adsorbed protein molecules which may affect the overall bio-reactivity of the nanoparticle. In depth understanding of such interactions can be directed towards generating bio-compatible nanomaterials with controlled surface characteristics in a biological environment. The main aim of this review is to summarise current knowledge on factors that influence nanoparticle-protein interactions and their implications on cellular uptake.
Transplantation of 2 partially HLA-matched umbilical cord blood units to enhance engraftment in adults with hematologic malignancy (2004)

Limited umbilical cord blood (UCB) cell dose compromises the outcome of adult UCB transplantation. Therefore, to augment graft cell dose, we evaluated the safety of the combined transplantation of 2 partially human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched UCB units. Twenty-three patients with high-risk hematologic malignancy (median age, 24 years; range, 13-53 years) received 2 UCB units (median infused dose, 3.5 x 10(7) nucleated cell [NC]/kg; range, 1.1-6.3 x 10(7) NC/kg) after myeloablative conditioning. All evaluable patients (n = 21) engrafted at a median of 23 days (range, 15-41 days). At day 21, engraftment was derived from both donors in 24% of patients and a single donor in 76% of patients, with 1 unit predominating in all patients by day 100. Although neither nucleated or CD34(+) cell doses nor HLA-match predicted which unit would predominate, the predominating unit had a significantly higher CD3(+) dose (P < .01). Incidences of grades II-IV and III-IV acute GVHD were 65% (95% confidence interval [CI], 42%-88%) and 13% (95% CI, 0%-26%), respectively. Disease-free survival was 57% (95% CI, 35%-79%) at 1 year, with 72% (95% CI, 49%-95%) of patients alive if they received transplants while in remission. Therefore, transplantation of 2 partially HLA-matched UCB units is safe, and may overcome the cell-dose barrier that limits the use of UCB in many adults and adolescents.