gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An octopine synthase enhancer element directs tissue-specific expression and binds ASF-1, a factor from tobacco nuclear extracts. (1989)

We have investigated the expression pattern conferred by a cis-regulatory element (-212 to -154) from the upstream region of the octopine synthase (ocs) gene in transgenic tobacco plants. Analysis of beta-glucuronidase expression driven by the ocs regulatory element revealed a pattern that is tissue-specific and developmentally regulated. In young seedlings, expression is confined primarily to root tips. In older seedlings, expression is stronger and becomes apparent also in the shoot apex. Insertion of a 16-base pair palindromic sequence (-193 to -178), which is included in the regulatory element, into an rbcS promoter results in the expression of rbcS in roots. The 16-base pair palindrome binds activation sequence factor (ASF)-1, a factor from tobacco nuclear extracts that interacts with the sequence between -83 to -63, designated as activation sequence (as)-1, of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter [Lam et al. (1989). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, in press]. The in vivo expression patterns and in vitro binding properties of the ocs palindromic sequence are remarkably similar to those of the as-1 element of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. These results suggest the involvement of ASF-1 in the transcriptional regulation of the ocs promoter and the 35S promoter.
Frequency and Stability of Chromosomal Integration of Adenovirus Vectors (1999)

One of the limitations of adenovirus vectors is the lack of machinery necessary for their integration into host chromosomes, resulting in short-term gene expression in dividing cells. We analyzed frequencies of integration and persistence of gene expression from integrated adenovirus vectors. Both E1-substituted and helper-dependent adenovirus vectors achieved similar integration efficiencies of approximately 10(-3) to 10(-5) per cell, with the helper-dependent vector showing slightly higher efficiencies. In stable cell pools, gene expression of the integrated vector persisted for at least 50 cell divisions without selection. However, some stable cell clones showed changes in gene expression, which were accompanied by structural changes in the integrated vector DNA.
Immune Deviation Strategies in the Therapy of Psoriasis (2004)

The experience with biologicals in currently available animal models suggest that inflammatory autoimmune disease depend on IFN-gamma-producing T helper (Th) cells. Deletion of T cells improves most of these autoimmune diseases but bears the risks of general immunosuppression. Alternatively, selective deviation of the inflammatory, disease-inducing Th cells into an anti-inflammatory Th cell phenotype may be a promising strategy to treat inflammatory autoimmune diseases, such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis or autoimmune diabetes. The common feature of these organ-specific autoimmune diseases is the close association with IFN-gamma-producing Th1 cells, which recognize organ-specific antigens and orchestrate the cells and mediators that ultimately cause the tissue damage. Even though the autoantigens recognized in psoriasis remain enigmatic, it has been the first Th1-mediated autoimmune disease successfully treated in humans by immune deviation. The basis of such an immune intervention therapy has been established in experimental mice with model diseases of multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis or autoimmune diabetes. In all these autoimmune diseases clinical improvement was associated with the skewing of IFN-gamma producing autoantigen-specific Th1 cells into an IL-4 dominated Th2 phenotype. Such Th2 cells are still reactive to the autoantigen but provide a different cytokine pattern. The most powerful cytokines capable of inducing anti-inflammatory Th2 cells are IL-4 itself or IL-11. Interestingly, another agent that has been used for decades in the therapy of psoriasis in some European countries, fumaric acid esters (FAE), seems also to induce immune deviation. This review focuses on the potential immune deviating strategies based on the use of IL-4, IL-11 or FAE in the therapy of psoriasis, the effects of these agents on the immune system, potential risks and future perspectives for therapeutic intervention by immune deviation replacing immunosuppression.
Induction of sialic acid 9-O-acetylation by diverse gene products: Implications for the expression cloning of sialic acid O-acetyltransferases (1998)

Sialic acids can be modified by O-acetyl esters at the 7- and/or 9-position, altering recognition by antibodies, lectins and viruses. 9(7)-O-acetylation is mediated by a sialic acid-specific O-acetyltransferase, which has proven difficult to purify. Two groups have recently isolated cDNAs possibly encoding this enzyme, by expression cloning of human melanoma libraries in COS cells expressing the substrate ganglioside GD3. Pursuing a similar approach, we have isolated additional clones that can induce 9-O-acetylation. One clone present in a melanoma library encodes a fusion protein between a bacterial tetracycline resistance gene repressor and a sequence reported to be part of the P3 plasmid. Expression of the open reading frame is necessary for inducing 9-O-acetylation, indicating that this is not a reaction to the introduction of bacterial DNA. Another clone from a rat liver cDNA library induced 9-O-acetylation on COS cells expressing alpha2-6-linked sialic acids, and encodes an open reading frame identical to the Vitamin D binding protein. However, truncation at the 5' end eliminates the amino-terminal hydrophobic signal sequence, predicting cytosolic hyperexpression of a truncated protein. Thus, diverse types of cDNAs can indirectly induce sialic acid 9-O-acetylation in the COS cell system, raising the possibility that the real enzyme may be composed of multiple subunits which would not be amenable to expression cloning. Importantly, the cDNAs we isolated are highly specific in their ability to induce 9-O-acetylation either on alpha2-6-linked sialic acids of glycoproteins (truncated vitamin D binding protein) or on the alpha2-8-linked sialic acids of gangliosides (Tetrfusion protein). These data confirm our prior suggestion that a family of O-acetyltransferases with distinctive substrate specificities exists in mammalian systems.
Antiestrogen inhibition of cell cycle progression in breast cancer cells in associated with inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase activity and decreased retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation. (1995)

To define the mechanisms by which antiestrogens inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation, the effects of the antiestrogen ICI 182780 on G1 cyclins and their cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) partners were investigated in MCF-7 cells. Inhibition of entry into S phase became evident 9 h after treatment, with the proportion of cells in S phase reaching a minimum by 24 h. ICI 182780 increased the proportion of the hypophosphorylated, growth inhibitory form of the retinoblastoma protein (pRB). This change began at 4-6 h, preceding effects on S phase. This suggests that there are early effects on the activities of CDKs that target pRB that are not merely a consequence of changes in cell cycle progression. The kinase activity of Cdk2 decreased to low levels at 18-24 h when changes in S phase and pRB phosphorylation were well advanced. An earlier effect was seen on kinase activity associated with immunoprecipitated cyclin D1, which was reduced approximately 40% by 12 h, with further decreases at 18-24 h. Cdk2 and Cdk4 protein levels remained constant over 24 h. Cyclin D1 messenger RNA and protein were down-regulated by ICI 182780 from 2 h, with levels halved at 8 h. ICI 182780 also increased the expression of the CDK inhibitors p27KIP1 and p21WAF1/CIP1 at later times. These observations are compatible with the hypothesis that antiestrogens block entry of cells into S phase and inhibit cell proliferation as the consequence of an early decline in pRB phosphorylation contributed to by reduced cyclin D1/Cdk4 activity. At later times, increased CDK inhibitor abundance may act to repress Cdk2 and Cdk4 activities, causing additional reductions in pRB phosphorylation, thus maintaining the antiestrogen blockade of cell cycle progression.
CRC handbook of microbiology (1973)

CRC handbook of microbiology , CRC handbook of microbiology , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Comparison of Free-Solution and Surface-Immobilized Molecular Interactions Using a Single Platform (2012)

While it is generally accepted that surface immobilization affects the binding properties of proteins, it has been difficult to quantify these effects due to the lack of technology capable of making affinity measurements with species tethered and in free solution on a single platform. Further, quantifying the interaction of binding pairs with widely differing masses has also been challenging, particularly when it is desirable to tether the high molecular weight protein. Here we describe the use of backscattering interferometry (BSI) to quantify the binding affinity of mannose and glucose to concanavalin A (ConA), a 106 KDa homotetramer protein, in free solution using picomoles of the protein. Using the same platform, BSI, we then studied the effect on the binding constants of the ConA-carbohydrate interactions upon chemically immobilizing ConA on the sensor surface. By varying the distances (0, 7.17, and 20.35 nm) of the ConA tether and comparing these results to the free-solution measurements, it has been possible to quantify the effect that protein immobilization has on binding. Our results indicate that the apparent binding affinity of the sugar-lectin pair increases as the distance between ConA and the surface decreases. These observations could lend insight as to why the affinity values reported in the literature sometimes vary significantly from one measurement technique to another.
Protein fatty acid acylation: enzymatic synthesis of an N-myristoylglycyl peptide. (1986)

Incubation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain JR153 with either [3H]myristate or [3H]palmitate demonstrates the synthesis of proteins that contain covalently bound fatty acids. A unique set of proteins is labeled by each fatty acid. Detailed analysis of a 20-kDa protein labeled with myristic acid demonstrates that myristate is linked to the amino-terminal glycine. We describe an enzymatic activity in yeast that will transfer myristic acid to the amino terminus of the octapeptide Gly-Asn-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Arg-Arg, whose sequence was derived from a known N-myristoylated acyl protein, the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase of bovine cardiac muscle. The acylation reaction is dependent on ATP and CoA, is enriched in a crude membrane fraction, and will use myristate but not palmitate as the acyl donor. Specificity of the glycyl peptide substrate is demonstrated by the observation that other glycyl peptides do not competitively inhibit myristoylation of Gly-Asn-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala-Arg-Arg.
Molecular cloning, sequencing, and overexpression of the structural gene encoding the delta subunit of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III holoenzyme (1992)

Using an oligonucleotide hybridization probe, we have mapped the structural gene for the delta subunit of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III holoenzyme to 14.6 centisomes of the chromosome. This gene, designated holA, was cloned and sequenced. The sequence of holA matches precisely four amino acid sequences obtained for the amino terminus of delta and three internal tryptic peptides. A holA-overproducing plasmid that directs the expression of delta up to 4% of the soluble protein was constructed. Sequence analysis of holA revealed a 1,029-bp open reading frame that encodes a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 38,703 Da. holA may reside downstream of rlpB in an operon, perhaps representing yet another link between structural genes for the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme and proteins involved in membrane biogenesis. These and other features are discussed in terms of genetic regulation of delta-subunit synthesis.
Pharmacodynamics of Oral E2020 and Tacrine in Humans: Novel Approaches (1991)

The dramatic improvement of Alzheimer patients during tacrine administration reported by Summers et al (1986) has renewed interest in a different type of centrally-active acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. Tacrine (or l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-aminoacridine, THA) acts by reversible binding to the hydrophobic region of AChE (the “γ-anionic site”) to allosterically modulate catalytic activity (Marquis, 1990). This mechanism stands in marked contrast to that of the carbamate [e.g., physostigmine (PHYSO)] and organophosphate inhibitors which are cleaved by AChE, resulting in covalent modification of the enzyme. Carbamylation of the active site accounts for the majority of the AChE inhibition achieved in vivo after PHYSO (Groff et al., 1977). Such inhibition is non-competitive with acetylcholine (ACh) and is not reversed by dilution of tissue; thus, it can readily be quantified by ex vivo assay. The action of PHYSO is transient, however, due both to its rapid metabolism and the relatively rapid rate of decarbamylation which regenerates AChE. Hence, PHYSO has been described as a “reversible” inhibitor. However, this clouds recognition of the unique properties of THA, galanthamine and several new drugs developed as putative therapies for Alzheimer dementia, such as the piperidine E2020 (see Rogers et al., this volume). Inhibition of AChE after systemic administration of such compounds is predictably diminished with dilution of tissue for homogenization and addition of substrate for ex vivo assays, resulting in underestimation of their in vivo potency (Sherman and Messamore, 1988, 1989; Sherman et al., 1991).
<title>Subcortical physiology deformed into a patient-specific brain atlas for image-guided stereotaxy</title> (2002)

Stereotactic neurosurgery for movement disorders involves the accurate localization of functionally distinct subcortical anatomy that appears homogeneous on magnetic resonance or computed tomographic images. To aid localization of these surgical targets on patient images, we have developed a visualization oriented searchable and expandable database of functional organization representing bilaterally the sensorimotor thalamus, pallidum, internal capsule, and subthalamic nucleus. Data were obtained through microelectrode recording and stimulation mapping routinely performed during 123 functional stereotactic procedures. Electrophysiologic data were standardized using a multi-parameter coding system and annotated to their respective MRIs at the appropriate position in patient stereotactic space. To accommodate for normal anatomical variability, we have developed an intensity-based nonlinear registration algorithm that rapidly warps a patient's volumetric MRI to a high-resolution MRI average brain. The annotated functional data are subsequently transformed into the average brain coordinate system using the displacement grids generated by the algorithm. When the database is searched, clustering of like inter-patient physiologic responses within target anatomy and adjacent structures is revealed. These data may in turn be registered to a preoperative MRI using a desktop computer enabling prior to surgery interactive delineation of surgical targets. The database is expandable, fully searchable, and provides a visual 3D representation of subcortical functional organization.
A1 Adenosine Receptors in Microglia Control Glioblastoma-Host Interaction (2006)

We report that experimental glioblastoma grow more vigorously in A(1) adenosine receptor (A(1)AR)-deficient mice associated with a strong accumulation of microglial cells at and around the tumors. A(1)ARs were prominently expressed in microglia associated with tumor cells as revealed with immunocytochemistry but low in microglia in the unaffected brain tissue. The A(1)AR could also be detected on microglia from human glioblastoma resections. To study functional interactions between tumor and host cells, we studied glioblastoma growth in organotypical brain slice cultures. A(1)AR agonists suppressed tumor growth. When, however, microglial cells were depleted from the slices, the agonists even stimulated tumor growth. Thus, adenosine attenuates glioblastoma growth acting via A(1)AR in microglia.
Molecular photodesorption from single-walled carbon nanotubes (2001)

Probing the photoelectrical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) led to the discovery of photoinduced molecular desorption phenomena in nanotube molecular wires. These phenomena were found to be generic to various molecule–nanotube systems. Photodesorption strongly depends on the wavelength of light, the details of which lead to a fundamental understanding of how light stimulates molecular desorption from nanotubes. The results have important implications to nanotube-based molecular electronics, miniature chemical sensors, and optoelectronic devices.
Dynamic Interaction of NO2with a Nanostructure Modified Porous Silicon Matrix: Acidity, Sensor Response, and the Competition for Donor Level Electrons (2012)

We describe a reversible response matrix and the dynamic interplay, as a moderately acidic NO2 analyte interacts at room temperature with a TiO2, SnOx, CuxO (x = 1,2), and AxO (x ≫ 1) metal oxide nanostructure deposited n-type nanopore coated microporous porous silicon (PS) interface. A significant variable response matrix is measured and the dynamic nature of analyte-interface processes characterizing the semiconductor-analyte interaction as NO2 couples to the decorated semiconductor majority charge carriers. The competition for electrons between NO2 and the TiO2 decorated PS interface leads to distinct variations in sensor response as a function of increased TiO2 concentration and displays a time variance as the extraction of electrons by NO2 reaches a limiting charge carrier depletion and the decorated PS surface becomes electron withdrawing. This dynamic reversal is also demonstrated by distinct time-dependent PS interface responses to NO2 and NO where the degree of electron extraction reaches a maximum and is again countered by the depleted n-type PS. Electron depleted SnOx and AuxO treated PS interfaces display a significant remnant effect as the decorated surface can become electron withdrawing for extended periods, forming a stronger acid and extracting electrons from NO2. Exposure to NH3 also demonstrates the remnant effects of depletion.
Quantification of the energy required for the destruction ofBalanus amphitritelarva by ultrasonic treatment (2010)

Ultrasonic treatment, a relatively less explored technology in water disinfection, was used to quantify the energy required for the destruction of larvae of barnacle Balanus amphitrite , which is a major marine fouling and a potential invasive organism. Since the power used and treatment time for disinfection are economically, and practically, the most important parameters, the energy required to pulverize the larvae into pieces ≤30 µm was determined as a function of the acoustic power density. The present investigation suggests that an ultrasonic system operating at 20 kHz and 0.0975 W/cm 3 can effectively pulverize barnacle larvae having length (~440 µm) and breadth (~350 µm) within 45 seconds using 0.1 mJ/larva of pulverization energy. It was also observed that following pulverization of the larvae, the bacterial abundance increased and the rate of release of bacteria was dependent on power level and treatment time, which in turn decided the pulverization rate and hence the rate of release of bacteria.
Recent Advances in the Syntheses and Applications of Molybdenum and Tungsten Alkylidene and Alkylidyne Catalysts for the Metathesis of Alkenes and Alkynes (2007)

Abstract The last several years have produced some key advances in the area of alkene and alkyne metathesis by high oxidation state alkylidene and alkylidyne complexes along with new applications in organic and polymer chemistry. In this review we cover some of these developments and applications. The first part of this review concerns developments in catalyst synthesis and new catalysts. The second part concerns notable applications in organic and polymer chemistry. We discuss only high oxidation state alkylidene and alkylidyne chemistry of relevance to alkene or alkyne metathesis reactions and favor studies in the homogeneous phase.
Communications Satellite System Concept Based on the AMPA Experiment (1980)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime in normal and uremic subjects (1984)

The pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime, administered as a single intravenous dose of 15 mg/kg given in a bolus injection over 3 min, were investigated in 5 normal subjects and in 19 uremic patients. The subjects studied were divided into five groups according to values for endogenous creatinine clearance (CLCR): group I, five subjects with CLCR greater than 80 ml/min; group II, five patients with CLCR = 30 to 80 ml/min; group III, six patients with CLCR = 10 to 30 ml/min; group IV, four patients with CLCR = 2 to 10 ml/min; and group V, four anuric patients on hemodialysis. A two-compartment open model was used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters. In normal subjects, the mean apparent elimination half-life was 1.57 +/- 0.13 h. The central distribution volume and the apparent volume of distribution were 0.127 +/- 0.023 and 0.230 +/- 0.015 liter/kg, respectively. Of the injected dose, 83.6 +/- 3.6% was eliminated in the urine as parent drug within 24 h. The terminal half-life increased with impairment of renal function to about 25 h in severely uremic patients. Impairment of function did not significantly modify the half-life at alpha phase, central distribution volume, or apparent distribution volume. A 6- to 8-h hemodialysis procedure reduced concentrations of ceftazidime in plasma by approximately 88%, and the elimination half-life was 2.8 +/- 0.2 h. There was no evidence of accumulation of ceftazidime in four patients with severe and chronic impairment of function who received doses of 0.5 to 1.0 g every 24 h for 10 days.
Tumor necrosis factor α‐mediated joint destruction is inhibited by targeting osteoclasts with osteoprotegerin (2002)

These data suggest that OPG alone or in combination with bisphosphonates is an effective therapeutic tool for the prevention of TNF alpha-mediated destruction of bone by reducing the number of bone-resorbing cells in the inflammatory tissue.
High anisotropic conductivity in organic insulator/semiconductor monolayer heterostructure (2000)

We demonstrate a highly anisotropic conductivity, with a 109 ratio, between the in-plane and perpendicular electrical transport in organic insulator/semiconductor heterostructures of monolayer thickness. These heterostructures are self-assembled monolayers made of alkyl chains and functionalized by various conjugated moieties at their ends. The high anisotropic conductivity is due to the close packing of the conjugated end groups. These structures might be the building blocks of molecular-scale devices.