gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mobile IP: A Solution for Transparent, Seamless Mobile Computer Communications (1998)

There is hardly a more pervasive trend in the world today than communications. The momentum towards anytime, anywhere and any-type of communication is fueled by advances in radio frequency technology, near-exponential sales of laptop computers and personal digital assistants (PDAs), as well as new models of business that expect and rely on instantaneous information availability. The commonly romanced vision of a traveling executive being able to have uninterrupted, uninhibited access to his office mail, office databases, personal files, and video conferencing while moving between geographically separated customer locations, airports and hotels is a reality that will happen in the next few years.
Exploring the Space of Topic Coherence Measures (2015)

Quantifying the coherence of a set of statements is a long standing problem with many potential applications that has attracted researchers from different sciences. The special case of measuring coherence of topics has been recently studied to remedy the problem that topic models give no guaranty on the interpretablity of their output. Several benchmark datasets were produced that record human judgements of the interpretability of topics. We are the first to propose a framework that allows to construct existing word based coherence measures as well as new ones by combining elementary components. We conduct a systematic search of the space of coherence measures using all publicly available topic relevance data for the evaluation. Our results show that new combinations of components outperform existing measures with respect to correlation to human ratings. nFinally, we outline how our results can be transferred to further applications in the context of text mining, information retrieval and the world wide web.
Broadcasting and Processing of Program Guides for Digital TV (1997)

From the consumer's point of view, the transition from analog to digital TV comes in two flavors: quantity and quality. First, the number of services increases significantly, and, second, there are new service types to come. Paper TV guides with their linear and nonhierarchical presentation of program information are unlikely to be used any longer in service and program event selection; instead, electronic program guides (EPGs) will provide an interactive user interface offering comfortable and fast program browsing functions. Unlike in the computer world, the desired schedule information will virtually be served from a local random access database, and it will mostly be fetched from the current transmission. Caching techniques will be applied; however, they are restricted due to the lack of sufficient local storage media. This makes the development of transmission, processing, and buffering strategies a difficult task, bearing in mind that users expect fast and random access, whereas the service provider wants to keep the transmission bandwidth allocated for this type of data as small as possible. Starting with an outline of the digital video broadcasting (DVB) standard for service information (SI) and an example EPG, this paper will analyze SI transmission schemes and SI caching and processing strategies. Typical hardware and software constraints of consumer set-top boxes (STBs) are taken into account.
Antibody targeting in metastatic colon cancer: a phase I study of monoclonal antibody F19 against a cell-surface protein of reactive tumor stromal fibroblasts. (1994)

The FAP tumor fibroblast antigen is highly expressed in primary and metastatic colorectal carcinomas and shows limited expression in normal adult tissues. This highly selective expression pattern allows imaging of colorectal carcinoma lesions as small as 1 cm in diameter on 131I-mAbF19 scans. Because of the consistent presence of FAP in the stroma of epithelial cancers and the accessibility of FAP-positive tumor stromal fibroblasts to circulating monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), this study suggests possible diagnostic and therapeutic applications of humanized mAbF19 and mAbF19 constructs with novel immune and nonimmune effector functions.
A simple hardware model of a Turing machine (1972)

A simple hardware model of a Turing machine has been built at Brandeis University for educational purposes. The machine was designed and built by the first author and is being used by the second to test its value as an instructional aid in the teaching of programming. This paper presents the factors that influenced the design of the model, provides data concerning its characteristics and operation, and describes its use in teaching elementary programming to undergraduates and high school students.
Discovery and Therapeutic Promise of Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (2005)

Androgens are essential for male development and the maintenance of male secondary characteristics, such as bone mass, muscle mass, body composition, and spermatogenesis. The main disadvantages of steroidal androgens are their undesirable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. The recent discovery of nonsteroidal selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) provides a promising alternative for testosterone replacement therapies with advantages including oral bioavailability, flexibility of structural modification, androgen receptor specificity, tissue selectivity, and the lack of steroid-related side effects.
Heptakis(2,6-O-dimethyl)beta-cyclodextrin: a novel growth stimulant for Bordetella pertussis phase I (1983)

The effect of cyclodextrins on the growth of Bordetella pertussis Tohama phase I in synthetic medium was evaluated. The addition of cyclodextrins, especially heptakis(2,6-O-dimethyl)beta-cyclodextrin (Me beta CD), to a complete synthetic medium such as Stainer-Scholte medium gave the same number of individual colonies and growth rates as those on Bordet-Gengou medium. Furthermore, with the addition of Me beta CD, growth inhibition by fatty acids such as oleic or palmitic acid was overcome and normal cell growth was observed. This modified Stainer-Scholte medium, designated as cyclodextrin solid medium (CSM), supported excellent growth of 20 lyophilized clinical isolates. Serotypes of the organisms after 10 passages on this CSM plate were not changed. These results suggest that Me beta CD is a significant growth stimulant and CSM is one of the most suitable synthetic media for culture of B. pertussis phase I.
Nrf2, a PPARγ Alternative Pathway to Promote CD36 Expression on Inflammatory Macrophages: Implication for Malaria (2011)

CD36 is the major receptor mediating nonopsonic phagocytosis of Plasmodium falciparum-parasitized erythrocytes by macrophages. Its expression on macrophages is mainly controlled by the nuclear receptor PPARγ. Here, we demonstrate that inflammatory processes negatively regulate CD36 expression on human and murine macrophages, and hence decrease Plasmodium clearance directly favoring the worsening of malaria infection. This CD36 downregulation in inflammatory conditions is associated with a failure in the expression and activation of PPARγ. Interestingly, using siRNA mediating knock down of Nrf2 in macrophages or Nrf2- and PPARγ-deficient macrophages, we establish that in inflammatory conditions, the Nrf2 transcription factor controls CD36 expression independently of PPARγ. In these conditions, Nrf2 activators, but not PPARγ ligands, enhance CD36 expression and CD36-mediated Plasmodium phagocytosis. These results were confirmed in human macrophages and in vivo where only Nrf2 activators improve the outcome of severe malaria. Collectively, this report highlights that the Nrf2 transcription factor could be an alternative target to PPARγ in the control of severe malaria through parasite clearance.
The latest options and future agents for treating male hypogonadism (2007)

Exogenous testosterone has long been used in medicine as a pharmaceutical agent. Its use in hypogonadism is well characterized and its development as a drug has undergone several modifications in an attempt to achieve clinical success. As native testosterone is rapidly degraded, modified analogs have been developed to obtain a better pharmacokinetic profile. The developmental goals of testosterone analogs have evolved since its first introduction as an orally available form to longer acting and more stable forms such as injectables, depots and transdermal therapies. Several modalities of testosterone replacement are presently available, each differentiated by their route of delivery, half life, cost and ability to deliver physiologic levels of testosterone. As hypogonadism is often a life-long condition, physicians are compelled to use an appropriate therapy that best matches the needs of their patients. An ideal testosterone therapy should be able to deliver physiologic levels of testosterone and be safe, simple to use and cost effective. Present trends show transdermal therapies (gels and patches) along with long-acting injectables, such as Nebido, are quickly replacing intramuscular testosterone modalities. Compounds such as dihydrotestosterone, human chorionic gonadotropin, aromatase inhibitors and clomiphene are presently being studied in specific subgroups of men. Additionally, several new compounds, such as selective androgen-receptor modulators and 7-alpha-methyl-19-nortestosterone, are being developed to target androgen receptors in specific tissues. A further understanding of the androgen receptor and subsequent discovery of targeted drugs may yield more individualized treatment modalities. This will enhance the effectiveness of available therapies, while mitigating their undesirable effects.
Cardiac Plasticity (2008)

This review explains how the heart responds to physiologic or pathologic conditions. Exercise, pregnancy, and postnatal growth cause physiologic growth; neurohumoral activation, hypertension, and myocardial injury cause hypertrophic growth, which increases the risk of heart failure and malignant arrhythmia. Atrophy of the heart can arise from protracted bed rest, prolonged weightlessness, or mechanical unloading with a ventricular assist device.
<title>Full-face full-complex characterization of a reflective SLM</title> (2000)

We report algorithms and laboratory practices that tell the full complex behavior of an SLM over its entire face, pixel by pixel, and put the information into a form that is useful to our filter optimization code. We add a quadrature component to the interferometry and image each pixel of the SLM. We analyze the fringes not at one value of drive and in an across-pixels dimension, but instead at each pixel in the drive dimension. We describe details of the method and given examples of spatially-variant filter SLM behavior. We provide examples of performance degradation when the filter's spatial variance has not been accommodated.
SUPPRESSION OF HUMAN BLOOD CHEMILUMINESCENCE BY DIODE LASER IRRADIATION AT WAVELENGTHS 660, 820, 880 OR 950 nm (1993)

Chemiluminescence (CL) of peripheral blood from the same donor was recorded after irradiation with various individual laser and superluminous diodes (660, 820, 880 and 950 nm, pulse repetition rates 16, 292 and 5000 Hz) during two periods of acute viral respiratory illness and in normal conditions of health. It was found that precise and statistically significant effects of laser radiation on CL (suppression of the CL) depend on wavelength, pulse repetition rate and dose and can be recorded only in the period of acute illness (i.e. at a certain immunological status of the organism) and there are practically no effects of laser radiation when the blood of a healthy donor is irradiated. The optimal irradiation parameters for suppression of free radical processes in human blood were as follows: dose range 103-104 J/m2, pulse repetition rate 292 and 5000 Hz (16 Hz was ineffective), All wavelengths under study had the effect but λ = 660 nm was found to be most effective (65% of CL was suppressed).
Extremely Potent Orally Active Benzo[g]quinoline Analogue of the Dopaminergic Prodrug:  6-(N,N-Di-n-propyl)amino-3,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-2H-naphthalen-1-one (2006)

Enone prodrugs of dopaminergic catecholamines represent a new type of prodrug in the research area of dopamine agonists. Here, we demonstrate the first benzo[g]quinoline-derived enone that induces potent dopamine agonist effects similar to aminotetralin-derived enones. Significant effects of (-)-4 were observed in microdialysis studies after administration of 1 nmol kg(-1) sc and 3 nmol kg(-1) po. With a potency comparable to that of the most potent apomorphines, (-)-4 could potentially compete with L-DOPA and apomorphine in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Immunization of Broiler Chickens against Clostridium perfringens -Induced Necrotic Enteritis (2007)

Necrotic enteritis (NE) in broiler chickens is caused by Clostridium perfringens. Currently, no vaccine against NE is available and immunity to NE is not well characterized. Our previous studies showed that immunity to NE followed oral infection by virulent rather than avirulent C. perfringens strains and identified immunogenic secreted proteins apparently uniquely produced by virulent C. perfringens isolates. These proteins were alpha-toxin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR), fructose 1,6-biphosphate aldolase, and a hypothetical protein (HP). The current study investigated the role of each of these proteins in conferring protection to broiler chickens against oral infection challenges of different severities with virulent C. perfringens. The genes encoding these proteins were cloned and purified as histidine-tagged recombinant proteins from Escherichia coli and were used to immunize broiler chickens intramuscularly. Serum and intestinal antibody responses were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All proteins significantly protected broiler chickens against a relatively mild challenge. In addition, immunization with alpha-toxin, HP, and PFOR also offered significant protection against a more severe challenge. When the birds were primed with alpha-toxoid and boosted with active toxin, birds immunized with alpha-toxin were provided with the greatest protection against a severe challenge. The serum and intestinal washings from protected birds had high antigen-specific antibody titers. Thus, we conclude that there are certain secreted proteins, in addition to alpha-toxin, that are involved in immunity to NE in broiler chickens.
Disruption-Tolerant Link-level Mechanisms for Extreme Wireless Network Environments (2007)

Wireless links pose significant challenges in terms of achievable goodput and residual loss-rate. Our recent enhancements, called LT-TCP make TCP loss-tolerant in heavy/bursty erasure environments. Link-level protocols mitigate these problems by using a combination of FEC and ARQ but are insufficient when the channel experiences disruptions. When the underlying source of loss is interference (e.g., 802.11 environments), MAC-level mechanisms misinterpret interference as noise leading to poor scheduling (e.g., capture effects) and limit the benefit of transport layer mitigation efforts. We propose enhancements to link-level protocols that enable survival during disruptions. We explore an adaptive link-level strategy to export a small residual loss rate and bounded latency under high loss/ disruption conditions. We evaluate the proposed link-level enhancements, showing that the combination with LT-TCP helps achieve significant end-to-end performance gains. We also demonstrate the trade-off between reduced link layer residual loss (by increasing ARQ persistence) and transport layer timeouts.
Quantitative Interpretation of the Optical Textures of Liquid Crystals Caused by Specific Binding of Immunoglobulins to Surface-Bound Antigens (2000)

We report a quantitative analysis of the change in optical appearance of a supported film of liquid crystal that is induced by specific binding of an immunoglobulin (IgG) to a surface-bound antigen. We interpret the optical appearance to indicate the amount of bound IgG and thus the concentration of IgG in solution. The procedure is a simple one to perform, requiring use of a CCD camera and a polarized white light source. We use the average gray scale brightness of the optical appearance of the supported liquid crystal to construct an optical response curve as a function of the amount of anti-biotin IgG bound to surface-immobilized biotin. We interpret the optical response curve using a model based on statistical binding of antibody to the surface and a cooperative response of the nematic liquid crystal to the bound antibody. Because the amount of bound antibody is largely controlled by mass transport of the antibody to the surface and thus the concentration of IgG in solution, the optical appearance of the liquid crystal can be correlated to the concentration of IgG in solution. We measured changes in the gray scale brightness of the liquid crystal over 2 orders of magnitude of concentration of IgG in solution (1−100 nM). Our results also suggest that convection and geometry can be used to increase the dynamic range and sensitivity of the liquid crystal to the concentration of IgG in solution.
Functional interaction between the integrin antagonist neutrophil inhibitory factor and the I domain of CD11b/CD18 (1994)

Neutrophil inhibitory factor (NIF) is a hookworm-derived glycoprotein ligand of the integrin CD11b/CD18 that inhibits human neutrophil function (Moyle, M., Foster, D. L., McGrath, D. E., Brown, S. M., Laroche, Y., De Meutter, J., Stanssens, P., Bogowitz, C. A., Fried, V. A., Ely, J. A., Soule, H. R., and Vlasuk, G. P. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 1008-10015). Here, we present evidence that recombinant NIF (rNIF) associates with the approximately 200-amino acid residue I domain of CD11b/CD18 and that this interaction is essential for inhibition of neutrophil function by NIF. First, radiolabeled rNIF binds to a recombinant glutathione S-transferase fusion protein that contains the CD11b I domain. This high affinity interaction has a partial dependence on divalent cations. The association of rNIF with the CD11b I domain is specific because 125I-rNIF does not bind either a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein that contains the I domain of the integrin CD11a/CD18 or recombinant glutathione S-transferase without the I domain. Second, the CD11b I domain fusion protein effectively competes with CD11b/CD18 on human neutrophils for 125I-rNIF binding. Third, the CD11b I domain fusion protein blocks the inhibition of certain neutrophil functions by rNIF, including adhesion of neutrophils to human endothelial cell monolayers and adhesion-dependent release of hydrogen peroxide from neutrophils. Specificity is demonstrated by the inability of the CD11a I domain fusion protein to block either rNIF binding to neutrophils or rNIF activity. Fourth, rNIF blocks the interaction between neutrophils and fibrinogen, a CD11b/CD18 ligand that is also thought to bind the I domain of CD11b. In contrast, rNIF does not appear to block the binding of factor X to CD11b/CD18 on neutrophils. These results suggest that CD11b/CD18 has multiple distinct binding sites for its cognate ligands, including, but not limited to, the I domain. NIF interferes with the binding of a subset of these CD11b/CD18 ligands in a highly selective manner.
Signal transduction by Ras-like GTPases: a potential target for anticancer drugs. (1995)

Members of the ras family of GTPases are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and transformation. The ras oncogene is one of the most frequently mutated genes in human cancer. In addition, other oncogene and tumor suppressor gene products are components of the signal transduction pathways in which Ras or other Ras-like GTPases play key regulatory functions. Current progress in the elucidation of these signal transduction pathways will be reviewed and the potential use of these insights for the development of novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer will be discussed.
The Nuclear Factor NF- B Pathway in Inflammation (2009)

The nuclear factor NF-kappaB pathway has long been considered a prototypical proinflammatory signaling pathway, largely based on the role of NF-kappaB in the expression of proinflammatory genes including cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. In this article, we describe how genetic evidence in mice has revealed complex roles for the NF-kappaB in inflammation that suggest both pro- and anti-inflammatory roles for this pathway. NF-kappaB has long been considered the "holy grail" as a target for new anti-inflammatory drugs; however, these recent studies suggest this pathway may prove a difficult target in the treatment of chronic disease. In this article, we discuss the role of NF-kappaB in inflammation in light of these recent studies.
Two-Axis Electromagnetic Microscanner for High Resolution Displays (2006)

A novel microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) actuation technique is developed for retinal scanning display and imaging applications allowing effective drive of a two-axes scanning mirror to wide angles at high frequency. Modeling of the device in mechanical and electrical domains, as well as the experimental characterization is described. Full optical scan angles of 65deg and 53deg are achieved for slow (60 Hz sawtooth) and fast (21.3 kHz sinusoid) scan directions, respectively. In combination with a mirror size of 1.5 mm, a resulting thetas <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">opt </sub> D product of 79.5 degmiddotmm for fast axis is obtained. This two-dimensional (2-D) magnetic actuation technique delivers sufficient torque to allow non-resonant operation as low as dc in the slow-scan axis while at the same time allowing one-atmosphere operation even at fast-scan axis frequencies large enough to support SXGA (1280 times 1024) resolution scanned beam displays
Human IL-17: a novel cytokine derived from T cells (1995)

A cDNA encoding human IL-17 (hIL-17) was cloned from a CD4+ T cell library. The predicted 155-amino acids sequence contains an N-terminal signal peptide and exhibits 72% amino acid identity with HVS13, an open reading frame from a T-lymphotropic Herpesvirus saimiri, and 63% with murine CTLA8. High levels of hIL-17 were induced from primary peripheral blood CD4+ T cells upon stimulation. When expressed in CV1/EBNA cells, recombinant hIL-17 was secreted in both glycosylated and nonglycosylated forms. A hIL-17.Fc fusion protein and supernatants from cells transfected with hIL-17 induced IL-6 and IL-8 production and enhanced the surface expression of the intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in human fibroblasts.
An integrated view of the correlations between genomic and phenomic variables (2009)

染色体定序打开了鈥 ? omics 鈥 ? 研究，关于在 genomic 和 phenomic 变量之间的关联的研究在之中是重要部分的洪水门。与功能的 genomics 和系统生物学的开发，在许多 genomic 和 phenomic 变量之间的关联的染色体宽的调查变得可能。在这评论，五个 genomic 变量，例如进化率(或基因的 鈥渁g e 鈥?)，在一基因，氨基酸作文的偏爱和 codon 用法的 intron 和 ORF (蛋白质长度)的长度，与 phenomic 一起，与表示模式(水平和宽度)有关的变量上被集中。在大多数情况中，有更高的 mRNA/protein 表示水平的基因趋于慢慢地演变，有更少的 intronic DNA，为更小的蛋白质编码，并且有氨基酸作文和 codon 用法的更高的偏爱。另外，广泛地表示了蛋白质更慢慢地演变并且比织物特定的蛋白质短。这个领域里的研究对选择的签名由基因表示的特征调停了的更深的理解有用并且意义大充实进化理论。
Non-thermal irreversible electroporation for deep intracranial disorders (2010)

Non-thermal irreversible electroporation (N-TIRE) is a new minimally invasive technique to kill undesirable tissue. We build on our previous intracranial studies in order to evaluate the possibility of using N-TIRE for deep intracranial disorders. In this manuscript we describe a minimally invasive computed tomography (CT) guided N-TIRE procedure in white matter. In addition, we report the electric field threshold needed for white matter ablation (630 - 875 V/cm) using four sets of twenty 50 µs pulses at a voltage-to-distance ratio of 1000 V/cm. We also confirm the non-thermal aspect of the technique with real time temperature data measured at the electrode-tissue interface.