gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-driving-force electron transfer in metalloproteins: intramolecular oxidation of ferrocytochrome c by Ru(2,2'-bpy)2(im)(his-33)3+ (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh-driving-force electron transfer in metalloproteins: intramolecular oxidation of ferrocytochrome c by Ru(2,2'-bpy)2(im)(his-33)3+I Jy Chang, Harry B. Gray, and Jay R. WinklerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 18, 7056–7057Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00018a064https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00018a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views770Altmetric-Citations109LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Computerized Document Imaging Systems: Technology and Applications (1993)

Concepts of document imaging information management imaging applications desktop imaging systems considerations for LAN-based imaging considerations for mainframe-based imaging IBM image plus Unisys infoimage system Hewlett-Packard AIMS DEC Image Express Filenet Document Imaging Systems considerations for imaging over WANs videoconferencing and image transfer multimedia planning and implementation issues professional services for imaging implementation.
Detection of minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2002)

textabstractAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) represents the most frequent malignancy in\nchildhood. Last decades brought enormous progress in ALL treatment and in the\nunderstanding of ALL biology (see Chapter 1.1 ), but still 20 to 30% of children suffer\nfrom relapse and many of them will ultimately die of disease progression. The currently\nused cytomorphological (microscopic) techniques can only detect 1 to 5% of\nmalignant cells, which is not sufficiently sensitive for identification of patients who are\nprone to relapse and who might be rescued by treatment intensification. During the\npast 15 years several approaches have been developed for detection of much lower\nnumbers of malignant cells, i.e. for detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) in\nvarious hematopoietic malignancies (see Chapter 1.2). Monitoring of MRD with sensitivities\nof 1 Q-4 to 1 o-6 (i.e. one malignant cell within the background of 104 to 106\nnormal cells) has significantly higher prognostic value than conventional cytomorphological\ntechniques and other clinical parameters at diagnosis and is therefore currently\nimplemented into clinical practice in several hematopoietic malignancies,\nincluding ALL.\nIn childhood ALL, detection of MRD most frequently relies on patient-specific\nimmunoglobulin (lg) and T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements as molecular\nmarkers for PCR studies. The junctional regions of rearranged lg and TCR genes are\nunique "fingerprint-like" sequences, which are assumed to be different in each lymphoid\ncell and thus also in each lymphoid malignancy. They can be easily identified\nand characterized for instance by using heteroduplex PCR analysis (see Chapter\n2.2) and direct sequencing.\nThis thesis aimed at detailed evaluation of lg and TCR gene rearrangements in\nALL with regard to the following aspects:\n-characterization of lg/TCR gene rearrangements patterns in precursor-BALL\nand T-ALL;\n- immunobiological differences between malignant and normal lymphoid cells;\n-stability of clonal lg/TCR gene rearrangements at relapse of ALL;\n-applicability of lg/TCR gene rearrangements as PCR targets for detection of\nMRD.\nVirtually all precursor-B-ALL (96%) have rearranged lg heavy chain (/GH) genes.\nIn most cases (80-90%) this concerns complete VH-DH-JH rearrangements on at\nleast one allele. Incomplete DH-JH rearrangements could be identified in 22% of\npatients, being the sole /GH gene rearrangements in only 5% of patients (see\nChapter 2.3). Most precursor-B-ALL contain lg kappa (/GK) light chain gene\nrearrangements (30%) or deletions (50%); 20% of precursor-B-ALL cases even have\nlg lambda (IGL) gene rearrangements. Deletions in the IGK genes are predominantly\nmediated via the IGK deleting element (Kde) sequence. Such Kde rearrangements\noccur in 50% of precursor-B-ALL cases
NetB and necrotic enteritis: the hole movable story (2016)

Clostridium perfringens is the primary causative agent of avian necrotic enteritis. Our understanding of the pathogenesis of this economically important disease has been enhanced by the discovery of C. perfringens NetB toxin, which belongs to the α-haemolysin family of β-pore-forming toxins. In a chicken disease model, the analysis of an isogenic set of strains comprising the wild type, a netB mutant, and its complemented derivative, fulfilled molecular Koch's postulates and revealed that NetB was essential for disease. These results were consistent with epidemiological surveys, which generally found that there was a higher prevalence of netB carriage in C. perfringens isolates from diseased poultry compared to healthy birds. The netB gene has been shown to be located on large conjugative plasmids that are closely related to other toxin plasmids from C. perfringens, which has potential implications for the epidemiology of necrotic enteritis infections. The crystal structures of both monomeric NetB and the heptameric NetB pore have been determined, the latter revealed a central pore diameter of approximately 26 Å. Finally, it has been shown that vaccine preparations that include NetB can protect chickens against disease and a series of single amino acid substitution derivatives of NetB that have potential value for vaccine formulations have been isolated and analysed. It is likely that NetB will be an important antigen to include in an effective, commercially viable, necrotic enteritis vaccine.
100-fs, 10-Hz, terawatt KrF laser (1992)

Two beams with a peak power of 1.1 TW/beam were generated in a KrF laser at 10 Hz. A pulse width of 110 ± 10 fs was obtained by pulse compression at the final output stage with a CaF2 prism. The complex history of pulse evolution throughout the system was investigated by measuring a pulse width and spectrum at each stage.
Interleukin-13 levels in serum from patients with Hodgkin disease and healthy volunteers (2001)

The malignant Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (H/RS) cells of Hodgkin disease (HD) and the surrounding infiltrating cells are known to secrete several types of cytokines and chemokines, many of which have been implicated in the different clinical and histological presentations of HD.[1-4][1] Most
Dendrimeric-Containing Nitronyl Nitroxides as Spin Traps for Nitric Oxide:  Synthesis, Kinetic, and Stability Studies (2003)

The in-vivo in-situ spin-trapping of NO• with iron chelates is limited in its ability to localize NO• at defined cellular compartments. Nitronyl nitroxides, such as 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline 3-oxide 1-oxyl, have been found to react with NO•. The resulting nitroxide, 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazolidine 1-oxyl, exhibits an EPR spectrum that is characteristically distinct from the parent nitroxide. However, nitronyl nitroxides are unstable in biologic milieu. This limits their ability to in vivo identify NO• at specific tissue compartments. Herein, we report on the preparation of a family of dendrimer-containing nitronyl nitroxides, which were developed to spin-trap NO•. Once synthesized, we determined their rate of reaction with NO• and their capacity to spin-trap NO• and estimated the stability of dendrimer-linked nitronyl nitroxides under various experimental paradigms. For the largest of the dendrimeric nitronyl nitroxides prepared, the reaction with NO• changed the EPR spectrum from one that was broad to that with a major component with narrow and defined spectral lines. These compounds promise to be excellent biological spin-trapping agents for NO•.
Activator recruitment by the general transcription machinery: X-ray structural analysis of the Oct-1 POU domain/human U1 octamer/SNAP190 peptide ternary complex (2002)

Transcriptional activation of the human U1 snRNA genes is dependent on a noncanonical octamer element contained within an upstream enhancer. The U1 octamer only weakly recruits the Oct-1 POU domain, although recruitment is stimulated by a peptide containing the Oct-1-binding domain of SNAP190. Structural analysis of the Oct-1 POU domain/U1 octamer/SNAP190 peptide complex revealed that SNAP190 makes extensive protein contacts with the Oct-1 POU-specific domain and with the DNA phosphate backbone within the enhancer. Although SNAP190 and OCA-B both interact with the Oct-1 POU domain through the same Oct-1 interface, a single nucleotide within the U1 octamer ablates OCA-B recruitment without compromising activator recruitment by SNAP190.
Pathogen-Derived Resistance to Plant Viruses (1995)

Beneficial microbes in the microbiome of plant roots improve plant health. Induced systemic resistance (ISR) emerged as an important mechanism by which selected plant growth–promoting bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere prime the whole plant body for ...Read More
An OFDM timing recovery scheme with inherent delay-spread estimation (2002)

A new method for timing recovery and delay-spread estimation in OFDM systems is proposed. The method uses the correlation between the cyclic extension and data portion of the received OFDM symbols to estimate timing. Although cyclic extension based timing estimation methods have been proposed earlier, the present scheme is unique in the way the correlation is computed and used to estimate timing. The method identifies the complete range of ISI-free sampling positions available in an OFDM symbol, instead of identifying just one of them randomly. Further, the delay-spread information provided by the method can be used to improve the BER performance of the system by adjusting the frequency-domain interpolation filter bandwidth.
A Functional Genomics Investigation of Allelochemical Biosynthesis in Sorghum bicolor Root Hairs (2007)

Sorghum is considered to be one of the more allelopathic crop species, producing phytotoxins such as the potent benzoquinone sorgoleone (2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-[(Z,Z)-8',11',14'-pentadecatriene]-p-benzoquinone) and its analogs. Sorgoleone likely accounts for much of the allelopathy of Sorghum spp., typically representing the predominant constituent of Sorghum bicolor root exudates. Previous and ongoing studies suggest that the biosynthetic pathway for this plant growth inhibitor occurs in root hair cells, involving a polyketide synthase activity that utilizes an atypical 16:3 fatty acyl-CoA starter unit, resulting in the formation of a pentadecatrienyl resorcinol intermediate. Subsequent modifications of this resorcinolic intermediate are likely to be mediated by S-adenosylmethionine-dependent O-methyltransferases and dihydroxylation by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, although the precise sequence of reactions has not been determined previously. Analyses performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with sorghum root extracts identified a 3-methyl ether derivative of the likely pentadecatrienyl resorcinol intermediate, indicating that dihydroxylation of the resorcinol ring is preceded by O-methylation at the 3'-position by a novel 5-n-alk(en)ylresorcinol-utilizing O-methyltransferase activity. An expressed sequence tag data set consisting of 5,468 sequences selected at random from an S. bicolor root hair-specific cDNA library was generated to identify candidate sequences potentially encoding enzymes involved in the sorgoleone biosynthetic pathway. Quantitative real time reverse transcription-PCR and recombinant enzyme studies with putative O-methyltransferase sequences obtained from the expressed sequence tag data set have led to the identification of a novel O-methyltransferase highly and predominantly expressed in root hairs (designated SbOMT3), which preferentially utilizes alk(en)ylresorcinols among a panel of benzene-derivative substrates tested. SbOMT3 is therefore proposed to be involved in the biosynthesis of the allelochemical sorgoleone.
The Mobility of a Conserved Tyrosine Residue Controls Isoform-Dependent Enzyme–Inhibitor Interactions in Nitric Oxide Synthases (2014)

Many pyrrolidine-based inhibitors highly selective for neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) over endothelial NOS (eNOS) exhibit dramatically different binding modes. In some cases, the inhibitor binds in a 180° flipped orientation in nNOS relative to eNOS. From the several crystal structures we have determined, we know that isoform selectivity correlates with the rotamer position of a conserved tyrosine residue that H-bonds with a heme propionate. In nNOS, this Tyr more readily adopts the out-rotamer conformation, while in eNOS, the Tyr tends to remain fixed in the original in-rotamer conformation. In the out-rotamer conformation, inhibitors are able to form better H-bonds with the protein and heme, thus increasing inhibitor potency. A segment of polypeptide that runs along the surface near the conserved Tyr has long been thought to be the reason for the difference in Tyr mobility. Although this segment is usually disordered in both eNOS and nNOS, sequence comparisons and modeling from a few structures show that this segment is structured quite differently in eNOS and nNOS. In this study, we have probed the importance of this surface segment near the Tyr by making a few mutants in the region followed by crystal structure determinations. In addition, because the segment near the conserved Tyr is highly ordered in iNOS, we also determined the structure of an iNOS-inhibitor complex. This new structure provides further insight into the critical role that mobility plays in isoform selectivity.
The interface between IP and WDM and its effect on the cost of survivability (2003)

A summary of research on survivable IP networks overlaid over WDM networks is presented. The WDM networks are part of optical transport service providers, who lease lightpath services to institutions with IP networks. The lightpath services realize IP links for IP networks, and they have different protection grades such as unprotected and protected. The research included considering new network survivability requirements and incorporating them into network design problems. The cost of survivable IP over WDM networks is compared over three scenarios. Each succeeding scenario has the WDM network provide more flexible services, and the IP and WDM networks become more integrated. We consider the problem of setting up lightpaths for an IP network so that the network will remain connected after a fiber link fault. Algorithms to find the lightpaths and minimize cost are given. The network costs under the three scenarios are compared by simulations.
Studies on the immunogenicity and tolerogenicity of T-independent antigens. (1983)

The T-cell independent immunological responses of naive mice to a series of size-fractionated dinitrophenylpolyacrylamide molecules were measured. These responses were correlated in vitro and in vivo with hapten number per molecule and hapten density per unit length. We found that to be immunogenic, a T-independent molecule must contain a threshold number (approximately 20) of appropriately spaced haptens or epitopes. We infer that this condition is necessary for simultaneous B-cell receptor binding and clustering. Molecules with less than this number of haptens are not immunogenic at any dose. Some nonimmunogenic molecules are capable of inhibiting the response to the immunogenic ones; this capability increases with increasing hapten density. In order for a molecule to accommodate 20 or more appropriately spaced haptens, it must be above a threshold size. Increasing hapten density in a molecule at or above threshold size and hapten number increases its immunogenicity. Increasing hapten density in a molecule below threshold size increases its tolerogenicity. Conclusions concerning immunogenicity and tolerogenicity of T-independent antigens may not be warranted unless the molecular weight and hapten or epitope number per molecule are well characterized.
FT ‐ R aman Spectroscopy (2001)

Abstract Raman and infrared spectra give information about the symmetry of molecules and their arrangement. For recording of Raman spectra, interferometers instead of dispersive spectrometers give a larger intensity by the so‐called Jacquinot advantage. Further, the arrangement of sample cells with a high figure‐of‐merit is easier. When exciting radiation from the near‐infrared region is used instead of the usual radiation from the visible range, the obstructive fluorescence is considerably reduced. This makes the nondestructive analyses of objects of art, historic textiles, and plant and animal tissues possible. Applications in medicine (identification of tumours and skin lesions without the necessity of biopsy) and the exploring of new sources of raw material for the pharmaceutical industry are described.
Digital Family Portrait Field Trial (2005)

A growing social problem in the U.S., and elsewhere, is enabling older adults to continue living independently, as opposed to moving to an institutional care setting. One key part of this complex problem is providing awareness of senior adults day-to-day activities, promoting "peace of mind" for extended family members. The Digital Family Portrait (DFP) is one approach to providing peace of mind that has shown promise. To date, research on the DFP has been limited to wizard-of-oz based experiments over short periods of time. This paper describes a DFP field trial in which a private home was instrumented with sensors rather than relying on input from wizard-of-oz technology. This field trial was conducted over a period of one year between an aging parent living alone in her own home and her adult child living 50 miles distant.
Repair of Site-Specific Double-Strand Breaks in a Mammalian Chromosome by Homologous and Illegitimate Recombination (1997)

In mammalian cells, chromosomal double-strand breaks are efficiently repaired, yet little is known about the relative contributions of homologous recombination and illegitimate recombination in the repair process. In this study, we used a loss-of-function assay to assess the repair of double-strand breaks by homologous and illegitimate recombination. We have used a hamster cell line engineered by gene targeting to contain a tandem duplication of the native adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) gene with an I-SceI recognition site in the otherwise wild-type APRT+ copy of the gene. Site-specific double-strand breaks were induced by intracellular expression of I-SceI, a rare-cutting endonuclease from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. I-SceI cleavage stimulated homologous recombination about 100-fold; however, illegitimate recombination was stimulated more than 1,000-fold. These results suggest that illegitimate recombination is an important competing pathway with homologous recombination for chromosomal double-strand break repair in mammalian cells.
Disruption of retinoblastoma protein function by coexpression of its C pocket fragment. (1995)

The growth suppression function of the retinoblastoma protein (RB) is mediated by its interaction with a variety of cellular proteins. RB contains at least two protein-binding pockets: the large A/B pocket, which interacts with E2F and the D-type cyclins, and the C pocket, which interacts with the nuclear c-Abl tyrosine kinase. The large A/B pocket and the C pocket are shown here to be functionally distinct and can be occupied simultaneously. A complex containing E2F, RB, and c-Abl is detected in vivo and can be assembled in vitro. We propose that the biological activity of RB not only depends on the inhibition of its targets but also on its ability to properly assemble specific protein complexes. Consistent with this hypothesis, a fragment of RB, SE delta, containing only the C pocket is shown to act as a dominant-negative inhibitor of RB function. SE delta does not have growth inhibitory activity of its own. When coexpressed with full-length RB, SE delta does not disrupt the RB-E2F or RB-D2 complexes nor does it affect the expression, phosphorylation, or nuclear tethering of the full-length RB. SE delta does compete with RB for binding to c-Abl and is fully capable of inhibiting the c-Abl tyrosine kinase. Thus, SE delta can inactivate RB while maintaining the inhibition of E2F and c-Abl. These results suggest that the inhibition of RB-binding proteins is not sufficient to suppress cell growth and that the assembly of RB-mediated protein complexes is also important for the promotion of cell-cycle arrest.
Self-Assembled Hollow Spheres of β-Ni(OH)2 and Their Derived Nanomaterials (2009)

This paper describes a novel solution-based chemical process to architect hollow spheres of β-Ni(OH)2 with controllable sizes in submicrometer and micrometer regimes. In the synthesis, starting nickel salt (nitrate) is first converted to 6-coordinated nickel ion complex [Ni(EDA)3]2+ (bidentate ligand EDA = C2H4(NH2)2) to avoid rapid solid formation. Hollow and core−shell β-Ni(OH)2 spheres can be obtained with this template-free approach under one-pot conditions. The β-Ni(OH)2 spheres are constructed from petal-like nanobuilding units which in turn are formed from even smaller nanocrystallites. The obtained porous β-Ni(OH)2 spheres have a large specific surface area and show a unimodal pore-size distribution. Several preparative parameters have been examined and optimized. In particular, the concentration of divalent nickel in the starting solutions plays an important role in controlling thickness of the petal-like β-Ni(OH)2 flakes and diameter of spheres. The β-Ni(OH)2 flakes self-assemble into final spherical products through a donut-like structural intermediate. Furthermore, the β-Ni(OH)2 hollow spheres can be used as solid precursors to synthesize other nanostructured derivatives. In this work, phase pure inorganic nanostructures, carbon nanotube (CNT)−inorganic nanocomposites, and inorganic−inorganic nanocomposites (e.g., NiO, Ni, NiO/Ni, Ni/β-Ni(OH)2, CNTs/NiO, CNTs/Ni, Ni@CNTs, Fe(OH)3/β-Ni(OH)2, Co(OH)2/β-Ni(OH)2, and Mg(OH)2/β-Ni(OH)2) have been prepared via solid-state thermal decomposition, gas-phase reduction, solution-based reduction, surface oxidation, chemical vapor deposition, and liquid-phase deposition. A greater picture for general synthesis of Ni-containing nanomaterials is thus obtained.
Phytoestrogens for Menopausal Women (1999)

Valerie Lynn Baker, M.D., is Assistant Professor, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
The Physics of Conformal Radiotherapy (1997)

The Physics of Conformal Radiotherapy: Advances in Technology provides a thorough overview of conformal radiotherapy and biological modeling, focusing on the underlying physics and methodology of three-dimensional techniques in radiation therapy. This carefully written, authoritative account evaluates three-dimensional treatment planning, optimization, photon multileaf collimation, proton therapy, transit dosimetry, intensity-modulation techniques, and biological modeling. It is an invaluable teaching guide and reference for all medical physicists and radiation oncologists/therapists that use conformal radiotherapy.