gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of flavour absorption on oxygen permeation through LDPE, PP, PC and PET plastics food packaging (2002)

The effect of flavour absorption on the oxygen permeability of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was studied using an isostatic continuous flow system. Polymer samples were exposed to a model solution containing limonene, hexyl acetate, nonanone and decanal at 40 degrees C. After exposure, one part of each sample was analysed for absorbed flavour compounds using a Large Volume Injection GC Ultrasonic 'in vial' extraction method, and from the other part, oxygen permeability was measured in a permeation cell at 25 degrees C. After 8 h of exposure, LDPE and PP samples showed a significant linear (R2 = 0.82 and 0.99) increase in oxygen permeability of 21 and 130%, respectively. Owing to swelling of the polymer samples resulting from flavour absorption, the structure of the polymeric network changed (i.e. opened) and consequently increased oxygen permeability. The oxygen permeability of exposed PC showed a significant linear (R2 = 0.78) decrease of 11% after 21 days. PC obviously did not swell like LDPE or PP. Therefore, it was suggested that absorbed flavour compounds occupied or blocked 'microcavities' through which normally oxygen is transported. Absorption of flavour compounds by PET did not affect the oxygen permeability of PET significantly.
Berberine improves lipid dysregulation in obesity by controlling central and peripheral AMPK activity (2009)

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays an important role in regulating whole body energy homeostasis. Recently, it has been demonstrated that berberine (BBR) exerts antiobesity and antidiabetic effects in obese and diabetic rodent models through the activation of AMPK in peripheral tissues. Here we show that BBR improves lipid dysregulation and fatty liver in obese mice through central and peripheral actions. In obese db/db and ob/ob mice, BBR treatment reduced liver weight, hepatic and plasma triglyceride, and cholesterol contents. In the liver and muscle of db/db mice, BBR promoted AMPK activity and fatty acid oxidation and changed expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. Additionally, intracerebroventricular administration of BBR decreased the level of malonyl-CoA and stimulated the expression of fatty acid oxidation genes in skeletal muscle. Together, these data suggest that BBR would improve fatty liver in obese subjects, which is probably mediated not only by peripheral AMPK activation but also by neural signaling from the central nervous system.
HOST SELECTION BY THE ADULT CABBAGE MAGGOT, HYLEMYA BRASSICAE (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE): EFFECT OF GLUCOSINOLATES AND COMMON NUTRIENTS ON OVIPOSITION (1976)

Abstract In Hylemya brassicae (Bouché) little oviposition occurred when access to host plant material was denied. The mustard oil, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), stimulated the flies into greater activity and attracted them to its source. Sinigrin and four other glucosinolates (mustard oil glucosides) tested induced oviposition. AITC by itself did not induce, oviposition, but in the presence of a glucosinolate, small concentrations of AITC caused an increase in the number of eggs laid. Glucose, sucrose, casein, wheat germ oil, and a mixture of B-vitamins did not influence oviposition at the concentrations tested, but casein hydrolysate inhibited it. The role of glucosinolates and common nutrients in host selection by H . brassicae is discussed.
Superoxide-dependent and ascorbate-dependent formation of hydroxyl radicals from hydrogen peroxide in the presence of iron. Are lactoferrin and transferrin promoters of hydroxyl-radical generation? (1987)

Apo-lactoferrin and apo-transferrin protect against iron-ion-dependent hydroxyl-radical (.OH) generation from H2O2 in the presence of superoxide radicals or ascorbic acid at pH 7.4, whether the necessary iron is added as ionic iron or as ferritin. Iron-loaded transferrin and lactoferrin [2 mol of Fe(III)/mol] show no protective ability, but do not themselves accelerate .OH production unless chelating agents are present in the reaction mixture, especially if the proteins are incorrectly loaded with iron. At acidic pH values, the protective ability of the apoproteins is diminished, and the fully iron-loaded proteins can release some iron in a form able to accelerate .OH generation. The physiological significance of these observations is discussed.
Inhibition of interleukin 10 by rituximab results in down-regulation of bcl-2 and sensitization of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma to apoptosis. (2001)

Treatment of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is frequently hampered by development of chemoresistance. Rituximab is a chimeric mouse antihuman CD20 antibody that offers an alternative; however, its mechanism of action is not clearly understood. Treatment of lymphoma cell lines with Rituximab sensitizes the cells to the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of therapeutic drugs, e.g., cisplatin, fludarabine, vinblastine, and Adriamycin. This study investigated the mechanism(s) involved in the reversal of drug resistance by Rituximab therapy. NHL cells synthesize and secrete antiapoptotic cytokines implicated in drug resistance, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. We hypothesized, therefore, that sensitization by Rituximab may be due in part to modification of cytokine production. In this study, examination of cytokine secretion by NHL 2F7 tumor cells revealed down-regulation of IL-10 by Rituximab treatment. Moreover, cytotoxicity assays using exogenous IL-10 and IL-10-neutralizing antibodies demonstrated that IL-10 serves as an antiapoptotic/protective factor in these tumor cells against cytotoxic drugs. Furthermore, expression in 2F7 cells of the protective factor, Bcl-2, was shown to be dependent on IL-10 levels and down-regulated by Rituximab. Other gene products such as Bax, Bcl-x, Bad, p53, c-myc, and latent membrane protein-1 (LMP) were not affected by Rituximab treatment. Drug sensitization, as well as down-regulation of both IL-10 and Bcl-2, was corroborated in experiments using the NHL cell line 10C9. The Ramos and Daudi NHL cell lines were not sensitizable, nor did their Bcl-2 or IL-10 levels change. These studies demonstrate that one mechanism by which Rituximab sensitizes NHL to chemotherapeutic drugs is mediated through down-regulation of antiapoptotic IL-10 autocrine/paracrine loops and Bcl-2. The clinical relevance of these findings is discussed.
Structure−Activity Relationship Studies of Salinosporamide A (NPI-0052), a Novel Marine Derived Proteasome Inhibitor (2005)

Salinosporamide A (1, NPI-0052) is a potent proteasome inhibitor in development for treating cancer. In this study, a series of analogues was assayed for cytotoxicity, proteasome inhibition, and inhibition of NF-kappaB activation. Marked reductions in potency in cell-based assays accompanied replacement of the chloroethyl group with unhalogenated substituents. Halogen exchange and cyclohexene ring epoxidation were well tolerated, while some stereochemical modifications significantly attenuated activity. These findings provide insights into structure-activity relationships within this novel series.
Double-stranded RNA-dependent RNase activity associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase. (1992)

Early events in the retroviral replication cycle include the conversion of viral genomic RNA into linear double-stranded DNA. This process is mediated by the reverse transcriptase (RT), a multifunctional enzyme that possesses RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, DNA-dependent DNA polymerase, and RNase H activities. In the course of studies of a recombinant RT of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), we observed an additional, unexpected activity of the enzyme. The purified RT catalyzes a specific cleavage in HIV-1 RNA hybridized to tRNALys, the primer for HIV-1 reverse transcription. The cleavage at the primer binding site (PBS) of HIV RNA is dependent on the double-stranded structure of the HIV RNA-tRNALys complex. This RNase activity appears to be distinct from the RNase H activity of HIV-1 RT, as the substrate specificity and the products of the two activities are different. Moreover, Escherichia coli RNase H and avian myeloblastosis virus RT are unable to cleave the HIV RNA-tRNALys complex. We refer to this unusual activity as RNase D. Two lines of evidence indicate that the specific RNase D activity is an integral part of recombinant HIV RT. The specific RNase D activity comigrates with the other RT activities, DNA polymerase, and RNase H upon filtration on a Superose 6 gel column or chromatography on a phosphocellulose column. Moreover, three recombinant HIV-1 RT preparations expressed and purified in different laboratories by various procedures exhibit RNase D activity. Sequence analysis indicated that RNase D activity cleaves the substrate HIV-1 RNA-tRNALys at two distinct sites within the PBS sequence 5'-UGGCGCCCGA decreases ACAG decreases GGAC-3'. The sequence specificity of RNase D activity suggests that it might be involved in two stages during the reverse transcription process: displacement of the PBS to enable copying of tRNALys sequences into plus-strand DNA or to facilitate the second template switch, which was postulated to occur at the PBS sequence.
Chromosomal assignment of the human erythropoietin gene and its DNA polymorphism. (1986)

Erythropoietin (EPO), a glycoprotein hormone, is the major physiological regulator of erythrocyte production in mammals. A cDNA clone containing the entire human EPO-coding region was used for Southern blot analysis of a series of human-Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids containing different combinations of human chromosomes. Synteny analysis revealed 100% concordance between the EPO gene and human chromosome 7. Further localization to the region q11-q22 was accomplished by in situ hybridization of 3H-labeled human EPO cDNA to metaphase chromosomes prepared from both human lymphocytes and the cell hybrid 879-2a that contained human chromosomes 5, 7, 9, 12, and 21. In addition, restriction fragment length polymorphisms were detected at a frequency of approximately 20% in a Chinese population using restriction enzymes either HindIII or HinfI. These polymorphisms were inherited in a Mendelian fashion. Thus, the EPO marker is reasonably polymorphic and should be useful in linkage analysis with other genetic markers on chromosome 7, including the locus for cystic fibrosis.
A Simple Preparation of Highly Active Platinum Metal Catalysts for Catalytic Hydrogenation (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Simple Preparation of Highly Active Platinum Metal Catalysts for Catalytic HydrogenationHerbert C. Brown and Charles A. BrownCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 8, 1494–1495Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00867a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00867a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views544Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Treatment of epilepsy: existing therapies and future developments (2000)

Epilepsy is a major public health issue, not least because of the aging population in many developed nations and the known increase in the frequency of epilepsy and seizures in later life. Despite the massive scale of the problem and much research, epilepsy remains poorly understood. Despite more than 20 approved drugs in the developed nations and several non-pharmacological options, up to 30% of patients are still refractory to treatment. Despite over a century of pharmacotherapy and neuroscience research, rational design of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) is only now starting to yield results, because of the heterogeneity of the disease and our still limited understanding of it. Discovery and development of AEDs has been especially difficult, because of the regulatory issues of satisfactorily proving safety and efficacy, ethical constraints on placebo-controlled trial designs, the fact that seizures are typically widely spaced in time, and the fact that the person undergoing the seizure is typically in no state to remember, let alone assess, what happened. Several non-pharmacological therapies have been developed: brain surgery was first used more than a century ago; the ketogenic diet was first developed 80 years ago; and the vagus nerve stimulator was introduced recently. Pharmacotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment and is effective in most patients. AEDs can be roughly divided according to their time on the market. The first generation extends from the bromides and the barbiturates (the first of which was phenobarbital), to sodium valproate and carbamazepine. The second generation begins with felbamate and includes drugs approved from 1993 to 2000. "Next generation" drugs are still in clinical development and may reach the marketplace in the near future. Intensive research is being conducted both by pharmaceutical and biotech companies and by academic scientists and clinicians; our understanding of the condition is advancing rapidly but many challenges remain in discovering and developing better AEDs.
Protein-Mediated Membrane Fusion (1989)

Many bacterial clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems employ the dual RNA–guided DNA endonuclease Cas9 to defend against invading phages and conjugative plasmids by introducing site-specific ...Read More
Capillary Chromatography Based on Tube Radial Distribution of Aqueous-Organic Mixture Carrier Solvents: Elution Behavior of Carboxylated Polymer Particles in the System (2009)

A tube radial distribution chromatography (TRDC) system has been developed using an open capillary tube and an aqueous–organic solvent mixture as a carrier solution under laminar flow conditions. In this study, we examine the elution behavior of carboxylated polymer particles (1.0 μm diameter) together with fluorescein isothiocyanate in the TRDC system in order to extend our knowledge regarding the separation performance of the system. The model analyte solution of fluorescein isothiocyanate and carboxylated polymer particles was injected into the open polyethylene capillary tube by the gravity method, and subsequently delivered through the capillary tube with the carrier solution of the water–acetonitrile–ethyl acetate mixture (15:3:2 volume ratio) using a microsyringe pump. On-capillary detection was performed for the analytes using an absorption detector, which indicated individual elution times and peak shapes on the chromatograms. We discuss the observed phenomena considering the separation mechanism of the TRDC system.
Preclinical Development and First-in-Human Imaging of the Integrin αvβ6 with [18F]αvβ6-Binding Peptide in Metastatic Carcinoma (2018)

The clinical impact of [<sup>18</sup>F]α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>6</sub>-BP PET imaging demonstrated in this first-in-human study is immediate for a broad spectrum of malignancies.
Coordinated leading- and lagging-strand synthesis at the Escherichia coli DNA replication fork. IV. Reconstitution of an asymmetric, dimeric DNA polymerase III holoenzyme. (1992)

Individually purified subunits have been used to reconstitute the action of the Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III holoenzyme (Pol III HE) at a replication fork formed in the presence of the primosome, the single-stranded DNA binding protein, and a tailed form II DNA template. Complete activity, indistinguishable from that of the intact DNA Pol III HE, could be reproduced with a combination of the DNA polymerase III core (Pol III core), the gamma.delta complex, and the beta subunit. Experiments where the Pol III core in reaction mixtures containing active replication forks was diluted suggested that the lagging-strand Pol III core remained associated continuously with the replication fork through multiple cycles of Okazaki fragment synthesis. Since the lagging-strand Pol III core must dissociate from the 3' end of the completed Okazaki fragment, this suggests that its association with the fork is via protein-protein interactions, lending credence to the idea that it forms a dimeric complex with the leading-strand Pol III core. An asymmetry in the action of the subunits was revealed under conditions (high ionic strength) that were presumably destabilizing to the integrity of the replication fork. Under these conditions, tau acted to stimulate DNA synthesis only when the primase was present (i.e. when lagging-strand DNA synthesis was ongoing). This stimulation was reflected by an inhibition of the formation of small Okazaki fragments, suggesting that, within the context of the model developed to account for the temporal order of steps during a cycle of Okazaki fragment synthesis, the presence of tau accelerated the transit of the lagging-strand Pol III core from the 3' end of the completed Okazaki fragment to the 3' end of the new primer.
Serviceability influences on moment redistribution in beams (2005)

Moment redistribution has traditionally been considered as an ultimate limit state (ULS) phenomenon closely linked to considerations of reinforcement ductility. This paper demonstrates that a significant proportion of this redistribution will frequently occur at the serviceability limit state (SLS) because of the mismatch between the flexural stiffness assumed when calculating moments for the ULS and those actually occurring at the SLS owing to variations in the reinforcement layout along the member and the influence of cracking. This was demonstrated by tests on 37 two-span beams, the parameters investigated being values of redistribution, beam depth, reinforcement arrangements, concrete strength and the effect of brittle reinforcement. The results showed that there is scope for increasing the permissible limits for redistribution from supports into adjacent spans beyond those currently prescribed in design codes. This was supported by numerical modelling. However, considerations of crack width and reinforcement yield at the SLS may be limiting factors. Caution is advised if redistribution from the spans back to the supports is intended since it may prove difficult in practice to achieve the levels of redistribution anticipated in the design.
Self-constructive high-rate system energy modeling for battery-powered mobile systems (2011)

System energy models are important for energy optimization and management in mobile systems. However, existing system energy models are built in a lab setting with the help from a second computer. Not only are they labor-intensive; but also they do not adequately account for the great diversity in the hardware and usage of mobile systems. Moreover, existing system energy models are intended for energy estimation for time intervals of one second or longer; they do not provide the required rate for fine-grain use such as per-application energy accounting.
Effects of photostimulation on wound healing in diabetic mice (1997)

This study of laser biostimulation on wound healing in diabetic mice suggests that such therapy may be of great benefit in the treatment of chronic wounds that occur as a complication of diabetes mellitus.
Preparation of Nanoparticle Coatings on Surfaces of Complex Geometry (2003)

Layer-by-layer sequential adsorption technique (LBL) can be utilized as a deposition method for nanostructured coatings on highly curved micrometer to millimeter scale surfaces, which is demonstrated in this work on a model films of strongly luminescent CdTe nanoparticles. Unlike LBL on colloids and flat surfaces, such procedure opens the door for the preparation of conformal nanostructured coatings for a variety of photonics and lab-on-the chip devices with predictable technological importance. Confocal microscopy data showed that prepared CdTe/PDDA coatings were found to be uniform and continuous. Strong coupling of the nanoparticle luminescence into the optical fiber attributed to high refractive index of CdTe/PDDA composite was obtained. As applied to nanoparticle coatings, two unanticipated effects were observed: (1) gradual red shift of the luminescence spectrum as the layer thickness increases; (2) two-stage luminescence transient including the significant enhancement of the luminescence during first 100 min of UV illumination. Similar results were obtained for the coatings made in the glass tube interior, which can be considered as simple models of microfluidic devices with channels of complex geometry.
Blocks of Limited Haplotype Diversity Revealed by High-Resolution Scanning of Human Chromosome 21 (2001)

Global patterns of human DNA sequence variation (haplotypes) defined by common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have important implications for identifying disease associations and human traits. We have used high-density oligonucleotide arrays, in combination with somatic cell genetics, to identify a large fraction of all common human chromosome 21 SNPs and to directly observe the haplotype structure defined by these SNPs. This structure reveals blocks of limited haplotype diversity in which more than 80% of a global human sample can typically be characterized by only three common haplotypes.
Polymerase chain reaction for early diagnosis of post-operative fungal endophthalmitis. (2006)

Compared to the conventional technique, PCR for detection of fungal DNA was found to be a rapid and more sensitive method in the early diagnosis of postoperative fungal endophthalmitis.
New Oligomeric Catalyst for the Hydrolytic Kinetic Resolution of Terminal Epoxides under Solvent‐Free Conditions. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Matching pursuits with time-frequency dictionaries (1993)

The authors introduce an algorithm, called matching pursuit, that decomposes any signal into a linear expansion of waveforms that are selected from a redundant dictionary of functions. These waveforms are chosen in order to best match the signal structures. Matching pursuits are general procedures to compute adaptive signal representations. With a dictionary of Gabor functions a matching pursuit defines an adaptive time-frequency transform. They derive a signal energy distribution in the time-frequency plane, which does not include interference terms, unlike Wigner and Cohen class distributions. A matching pursuit isolates the signal structures that are coherent with respect to a given dictionary. An application to pattern extraction from noisy signals is described. They compare a matching pursuit decomposition with a signal expansion over an optimized wavepacket orthonormal basis, selected with the algorithm of Coifman and Wickerhauser see (IEEE Trans. Informat. Theory, vol. 38, Mar. 1992).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>