gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tantalum complexes containing diimido bridging dinitrogen ligands (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTantalum complexes containing diimido bridging dinitrogen ligandsHoward W. Turner, Jere D. Fellmann, Scott M. Rocklage, Richard R. Schrock, Melvyn Rowen Churchill, and Harvey J. WassermanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 26, 7809–7811Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00546a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00546a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views471Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Power Spectrum Analysis of Heart Rate Fluctuation: A Quantitative Probe of Beat-to-Beat Cardiovascular Control (1981)

Power spectrum analysis of heart rate fluctuations provides a quantitative noninvasive means of assessing the functioning of the short-term cardiovascular control systems. We show that sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous activity make frequency-specific contributions to the heart rate power spectrum, and that renin-angiotensin system activity strongly modulates the amplitude of the spectral peak located at 0.04 hertz. Our data therefore provide evidence that the renin-angiotensin system plays a significant role in short-term cardiovascular control in the time scale of seconds to minutes.
Nuclear Import of Proinflammatory Transcription Factors Is Required for Massive Liver Apoptosis Induced by Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide (2004)

Stimulation of macrophages with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leads to the production of cytokines that elicit massive liver apoptosis. We investigated the in vivo role of stress-responsive transcription factors (SRTFs) in this process focusing on the precipitating events that are sensitive to a cell-permeant peptide inhibitor of SRTF nuclear import (cSN50). In the absence of cSN50, mice challenged with LPS displayed very early bursts of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha (1 h), interleukin 6 (2 h), interleukin 1 beta (2 h), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (2 h). Activation of both initiator caspases 8 and 9 and effector caspase 3 was noted 4 h later when full-blown DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation were first observed (6 h). At this time an increase of pro-apoptotic Bax gene expression was observed. It was preceded by a decrease of anti-apoptotic Bcl2 and BclX(L) gene transcripts. Massive apoptosis was accompanied by microvascular injury manifested by hemorrhagic necrosis and a precipitous drop in blood platelets observed at 6 h. An increase in fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products and a rise in plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 occurred between 4 and 6 h. Inhibition of SRTFs nuclear import with the cSN50 peptide abrogated all these changes and increased survival from 7 to 71%. Thus, the nuclear import of SRTFs induced by LPS is a prerequisite for activation of the genetic program that governs cytokines/chemokines production, liver apoptosis, microvascular injury, and death. These results should facilitate the rational design of drugs that protect the liver from inflammation-driven apoptosis.
Bright red light-emitting organic electroluminescent devices having a europium complex as an emitter (1994)

Organic electroluminescent (EL) devices with a trivalent europium (Eu) complex as an emitter were fabricated. Triple-layer-type cells with a structure of glass substrate/indium-tin oxide/ triphenyldiamine derivative (TPD)/Eu complex: 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivative (PBD)/aluminum complex (Alq)/Mg:Ag exhibit bright red luminescence upon applying dc voltage. The EL spectrum consists of extremely sharp emission bands, which is a typical luminescence spectrum of the Eu complex. Luminance of 460 cd/m2 with an emission peak at 614 nm is achieved at a drive voltage of 16 V. This is the highest luminance so far obtained for the EL cells having a Eu complex as an emitter.
An Introduction to Reed-Solomon Codes (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Polynomial Codes over Certain Finite Fields The Original Approach to Reed-Solomon Codes The Generator Polynomial Approach The Galois Field Fourier Transform Approach Applications of Reed-Solomon Codes Decoding Reed-Solomon Codes The Future of Reed-Solomon Codes This chapter contains sections titled: References
FUNCTIONAL AND EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS AMONG DIVERSE OXYGENASES (1992)

Oxygenases that incorporate one or two atoms of dioxygen into substrates are found in many metabolic pathways. In this article, representative oxygenases, principally those found in bacterial pathways for the degradation of hydrocarbons, are reviewed. Monooxygenases, discussed in this chapter, incorporate one hydroxyl group into substrates. In this reaction, two atoms of dioxygen are reduced to one hydroxyl group and one H2O molecule by the concomitant oxidation of NAD(P)H. Dioxygenases catalyze the incorporation of two atoms of dioxygen into substrates. Two types of dioxygenases, aromatic-ring dioxygenases and aromatic-ring-cleavage dioxygenases, are discussed. The aromatic-ring dioxygenases incorporate two hydroxyl groups into aromatic substrates, and cis-diols are formed. This reaction also requires NAD(P)H as an electron donor. Aromatic-ring-cleavage dioxygenases incorporate two atoms of dioxygen into aromatic substrates, and the aromatic ring is cleaved. This reaction does not require an external reductant. All the oxygenases possess a cofactor, a transition metal, flavin or pteridine, that interacts with dioxygen. The concerted reactions between dioxygen and carbon in organic compounds are spin forbidden. The cofactor is used to overcome this restriction. For the oxygenases that require the NAD(P)H cofactor, the enzyme reaction is separated into two steps, the oxidation of NAD(P)H to generate two reducing equivalents, and the hydroxylation of substrates. Flavoprotein hydroxylases that catalyze the monohydroxylation of the aromatic ring carry out these two reactions on a single polypeptide chain. In other oxygenases, the NAD(P)H oxidation and a hydroxylation reaction are catalyzed by two separate polypeptides that are linked by a short electron-transport chain. Two reducing equivalents generated by the oxidation of NAD(P)H are transferred through the electron-transport chain to the cofactor on a hydroxylase component that they reduce. Dioxygen couples with the reduced cofactor and subsequently hydroxylates substrates. The electron-transport chains associated with oxygenases contain at least two redox centers. The first redox center is usually a flavin, while the second is an iron-sulfur cluster. The electron transport is initiated by a single two-electron transfer from NAD(P)H to a flavin, followed by two single-electron transfers from the flavin to an iron-sulfur cluster. The primary sequences of many oxygenases have been determined, and according to their sequence similarities, the oxygenases can be grouped into several protein families. Among proteins of the same family, the sequences in regions involved in cofactor binding are strongly conserved. Local sequence similarities are also observed among oxygenases from different families, primarily in regions involved in cofactor binding.
Molecular cloning of the structural gene for alkaline elastase YaB, a new subtilisin produced by an alkalophilic Bacillus strain (1989)

Alkaline elastase YaB is an extracellular serine protease of the alkalophilic Bacillus strain YaB. We cloned the structural gene, ale, and determined the nucleotide sequence. The mature enzyme (268 amino acids) was preceded by a putative signal sequence and a prosequence (27 and 83 amino acids, respectively). The mature enzyme was 55% homologous to subtilisin BPN'. Almost all the positively charged residues are predicted to be on the surface of the molecule, which would facilitate binding to elastin. The P1 substrate site-related sequences differed between alkaline elastase YaB and subtilisin BPN'.
An N-Terminal Three-Helix Fragment of the Exchangeable Insect Apolipoprotein Apolipophorin III Conserves the Lipid Binding Properties of Wild-Type Protein (2001)

Apolipophorin III (apoLp-III) from the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella is an exchangeable insect apolipoprotein that consists of five amphipathic alpha-helices, sharing high sequence identity with apoLp-III from the sphinx moth Manduca sexta whose structure is available. To define the minimal requirement for apoLp-III structural stability and function, a C-terminal truncated apoLp-III encompassing residues 1-91 of this 163 amino acid protein was designed. Far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed apoLp-III(1-91) has 50% alpha-helix secondary structure content in buffer (wild-type apoLp-III 86%), increasing to essentially 100% upon interactions with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC). Guanidine hydrochloride denaturation studies revealed similar stability properties for wild-type apoLp-III and apoLp-III(1-91). Resistance to denaturation for both proteins increased substantially upon association with phospholipid. In the absence of lipid, wild-type apoLp-III was monomeric whereas apoLp-III(1-91) partly formed dimers and trimers. Discoidal apoLp-III(1-91)-DMPC complexes were smaller in diameter (13.5 nm) compared to wild-type apoLp-III (17.7 nm), and more molecules of apoLp-III(1-91) associated with the complexes. Lipid interaction revealed that apoLp-III(1-91) binds to modified spherical lipoprotein surfaces and efficiently transforms phospholipid vesicles into discoidal complexes. Thus, the first three helices of G. mellonella apoLp-III contain the basic features required for maintenance of the structural integrity of the entire protein.
Integrated nanotube circuits: Controlled growth and ohmic contacting of single-walled carbon nanotubes (1999)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes are synthesized by chemical vapor deposition of methane at controlled locations on a substrate using patterned catalytic islands. The combined synthesis and microfabrication technique presented here allows a large number of ohmically contacted nanotube devices with controllable length to be placed on a single substrate. Transport studies demonstrate ohmic contacting, giving two-terminal resistances as low as 20 kΩ at low temperatures.
Accuracy of Monofilament Testing to Diagnose Peripheral Neuropathy: A Systematic Review (2009)

Despite the frequent use of monofilament testing, little can be said about the test accuracy for detecting neuropathy in feet without visible ulcers. Optimal test application and defining a threshold should have priority in evaluating monofilament testing, as this test is advocated in many clinical guidelines. Accordingly, we do not recommend the sole use of monofilament testing to diagnose peripheral neuropathy.
A middleware-based architecture to support transparent data access by mobile users in heterogeneous environments (2002)

Mobile computing is becoming more and more pervasive, liberating users from the confines of wired networks. At the same time, transparent access to heterogeneous, distributed information sources has become a reality in wired computing. Obviously, this kind of access is highly desirable for mobile users, too. However, current architectures for transparent information access do not take the specific needs of mobile users into account, while existing architectures for mobile computing do not support transparent access well. For the future growth of the usage of mobile computing, it is of utmost importance that, instead of individually-developed, isolated extensions to the existing architectures, the research community agrees on a strong, standardized middleware platform extending both existing mobile architectures and existing information access architectures to ensure mobile access in heterogeneous environments. In this paper, we propose such a platform.
Dynamic trading strategy learning model using learning classifier systems (2002)

Current trading strategy learning models often proceed in three separate phases, i.e., training, validation, and application (testing). After a specific time span of application, a new learning process is started to adapt the trading strategy to the new environment states. The time span of application is usually fixed and determined according to experiences. This may result in earning losses as compared to the perfect trading strategy which trades at each turning point of the stock price movement. Some learning methods, such as neural networks, are hard to explain intuitively and unstable in some dynamic environment states. Other learning models like simple genetic algorithms result in a single trading rule which is applied for a specific time span without being adapted even when the environment has changed. This paper adopts learning classifier systems (LCSs) technique to provide a dynamic trading strategy learning model (DTSLM), which makes continuous and instant learning while executing real prediction and produces a trading rule set to deal with different environment states. The simulation results show that this model could get a remarkable trading profit.
Distribution and clinical impact of functional variants in 50,726 whole-exome sequences from the DiscovEHR study (2016)

The DiscovEHR collaboration between the Regeneron Genetics Center and Geisinger Health System couples high-throughput sequencing to an integrated health care system using longitudinal electronic health records (EHRs). We sequenced the exomes of 50,726 adult participants in the DiscovEHR study to identify ~4.2 million rare single-nucleotide variants and insertion/deletion events, of which ~176,000 are predicted to result in a loss of gene function. Linking these data to EHR-derived clinical phenotypes, we find clinical associations supporting therapeutic targets, including genes encoding drug targets for lipid lowering, and identify previously unidentified rare alleles associated with lipid levels and other blood level traits. About 3.5% of individuals harbor deleterious variants in 76 clinically actionable genes. The DiscovEHR data set provides a blueprint for large-scale precision medicine initiatives and genomics-guided therapeutic discovery.
Flap Position of Free Memapsin 2 (β-Secretase), a Model for Flap Opening in Aspartic Protease Catalysis, (2004)

The three-dimensional structure of unbound human memapsin 2 (beta-secretase) protease domain determined at 2.0-A resolution has revealed a new position of the flap region, which appears to be locked in an "open" position. While the structure outside of the flap is essentially the same as the structure of memapsin 2 bound to an inhibitor, the flap positions are 4.5 A different at the tips. The open position of the flap in the current structure is stabilized by two newly formed intraflap hydrogen bonds and anchored by a new hydrogen bond involving the side chain of Tyr 71 (Tyr 75 in pepsin numbering) in a novel orientation. In molecular modeling experiments, the opening of the flap, 6.5 A at the narrowest point, permits entrance of substrates into the cleft. The narrowest point of the opening may function to discriminate among substrates based on sequence and shape. The observed flap opening may also serve as a model for the flap movement in the catalytic mechanism of eukaryotic aspartic proteases and provide insight for the side-chain selection in the design of memapsin 2 inhibitors.
Double transduction with GTP cyclohydrolase I and tyrosine hydroxylase is necessary for spontaneous synthesis of L-DOPA by primary fibroblasts. (1996)

Gene transfer of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD), using either genetically modified cells or recombinant virus vectors, has produced partial restoration of behavioral and biochemical deficits. The limited success of this approach may be related to the availability of the cofactor, tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), because neither the dopamine-depleted striatum nor the cells used for gene transfer possess a sufficient amount of BH4 to support TH activity. To determine the role of BH4 in gene therapy, fibroblast cells transduced with the gene for TH were additionally modified with the gene for GTP cyclohydrolase l; an enzyme critical for BH4 synthesis. In contrast to cells transduced with only TH, doubly transduced fibroblasts spontaneously produced both BH4 and 3, 4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine. To examine further the importance of GTP cyclohydrolase I in gene therapy for PD, in vivo micro-dialysis was used to assess the biochemical changes in the dopamine-denervated striatum containing grafts of genetically modified fibroblasts. Only denervated striata grafted with fibro-blasts possessing both TH and GTP cyclohydrolase I genes displayed biochemical restoration. However, no significant differences from controls were observed in apomorphine-induced rotation. This is partly attributable to a limited duration of gene expression in vivo. These differences between fibroblasts transduced with TH alone and those additionally modified with the GTP cyclohydrolase I gene indicate that BH4 is critical for biochemical restoration in a rat model of PD and that GTP cyclohydrolase I is sufficient for production of BH4.
Clinical Response Benefit in Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Cancer (1997)

The prognosis for patients with pancreatic cancer remains extremely poor. A minority are surgically resectable, but the remainder suffer problems from locally invasive disease and also metastatic spread. Median survival in these patients approximates 4 months, with limited systemic options. Many chemotherapy drugs have been evaluated in pancreatic cancer and the results have been disappointing. Of the newer agents, gemcitabine shows the greatest promise in this tumour type. Gemcitabine is a novel pyrimidine antagonist with activity in a number of tumour types. Gemcitabine has been evaluated in 3 phase II studies revealing anti-tumour activity, albeit to a modest degree of around 10%. Many objective tumour reductions have been seen, and more importantly improved symptom control is reported by many investigators. In view of these findings a randomized phase III study was performed in the United States comparing gemcitabine with weekly 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy. Patients receiving gemcitabine achieved a higher response rate, improved symptom control and prolonged survival. These results were statistically significant. Despite the statistically significant improvement in objective response rate and survival in these patients, the outcome of systemic treatment in these patients remains extremely poor. These studies raise the question about the appropriate end-points for systemic chemotherapy trials in pancreatic cancer. Despite low objective response rates and survival improvement of approximately 6 weeks, these patients did achieve symptom control and improvements in quality of life (clinical benefit response). Gemcitabine is the first agent to be evaluated in this way and has been shown to be a benefit for approximately a quarter of the patients treated. Single agent gemcitabine could represent the standard on which to develop and evaluate new approaches. We need to improve on these results and one way forward is to look to gemcitabine containing combination chemotherapy regimens. The relative lack of toxicity associated with this drug lends itself to this approach.
Virtual Machine Based Hot-Spare Fault-Tolerant System (2009)

Safety-critical systems have to work correctly and meet time constraints even in the presence of faults. Hardware fault-tolerant technology can provide a high level of reliability, but custom-designed hardware and operating system are too costly to be accepted by most common applications. At present, some research works about hot-spare fault-tolerant systems based on virtualization technology have been carried out, this method can provide a highly available system based entirely on commodity hardware and open-source operating systems. But how to control the overhead of main-backup synchronization, including space usage and time consumption is the most important thing need to consider. In this paper we present the framework of hot-spare fault-tolerant systems based on virtualization technology and analyse the procedure of main-back synchronization. We also discussed how to chose a proper strategy and opportunity of synchronization to ensure the recovery is exactly. We did several experiments to evaluate the performance of this system and the result proved our view point.
Selection and Identification of Dense Granule Antigen GRA3 by Toxoplasma gondii Whole Genome Phage Display (2002)

Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous, unicellular, eukaryotic parasite with a complex intracellular life cycle capable of invading and chronically infecting a wide variety of vertebrate host species, including man. Although normally opportunistic in healthy adults, it is a lethal pathogen in immunocompromised humans, particularly in AIDS patients. We present the application of a genomic phage display as a tool for the direct identification of antigens with potential value in diagnosis and/or as subunit vaccine components. Using a polycosmid cloning strategy, we constructed a large phagemid display library (>10(9) independent clones) of mixed short genomic restriction fragments (< or = 500 bp) of T. gondii genomic DNA (80 Mbp genome size) fused to gene III of the filamentous phage M13. Biopanning of the library with monoclonal Toxoplasma antibodies resulted in the isolation and identification of an epitope of GRA3, an antigen located in the dense granules of T. gondii tachyzoites. The reactivity of the phage displaying the GRA3 epitope with the monoclonal antibody was confirmed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These results demonstrate the accessibility of midsized eukaryotic genomes to display technology and the feasibility to screen these whole genome display libraries with antibodies for isolating novel antigenic determinants.
Photoluminescence of Water-Soluble Conjugated Polymers:  Origin of Enhanced Quenching by Charge Transfer (2000)

Quenching of the photoluminescence (PL) emission from conjugated macromolecules by charge transfer to cationic electron acceptors is studied by changing the ion concentration in buffered aqueous solutions, by changing the concentration of acceptors, and by varying the temperature. A weakly bound complex is formed (in water) between polyanionic conjugated macromolecules and cationic electron acceptors with Coulomb binding energy ∼150 meV. The mean distance between the polymer(-) and quencher(+) was estimated as 10 Å, consistent with the effective charge-transfer distance. At high quencher concentrations, quenching by acceptors within the sphere-of-action becomes important; a modified Stern−Volmer equation is used to estimate the radius (∼400 Å). High-temperature studies of concentrated quencher solutions independently indicate a crossover from static quenching to sphere-of-action quenching with a radius ∼400 Å. Since the radius is comparable to the radius of gyration of the macromolecule, the high molecular weight of the conjugated polymer enhances the quenching.