gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymerization of monomers containing functional silyl groups. 7. Porous membranes with controlled microstructures (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymerization of monomers containing functional silyl groups. 7. Porous membranes with controlled microstructuresJae Suk Lee, Akira Hirao, and Seiichi NakahamaCite this: Macromolecules 1989, 22, 6, 2602–2606Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00196a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00196a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views481Altmetric-Citations85LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Amino acid residues in the third alpha-helix of growth hormone involved in growth promoting activity. (1995)

The third amphiphilic alpha-helix of GH has been found to be an important motif in the biological activities of the molecule. To further characterize this growth-promoting domain, three bovine (b) GH analogs were designed: one contained a scrambled third amphiphilic alpha-helix (SAH); a second contained a scrambled hydrophilic region of the helix (SAP); and a third contained a scrambled hydrophobic region of the helix (SAB). Transgenic mice that expressed these mutated bGH genes were produced. SAH transgenic mice displayed a phenotype identical to nontransgenic littermates. SAB transgenic mice grew slightly larger than nontransgenic littermates but remained smaller than bGH transgenic mice. On the other hand, SAP transgenic mice exhibited a dwarf phenotype. We subsequently generated individual amino acid substitutions in the hydrophilic region of the helix. The results from the growth rates of corresponding transgenic mice demonstrated that most bGH analogs with individual amino acid substitution within the third alpha-helix retained wild type-like growth-promoting activity except those with alterations at positions 115, 119, 122, and 123. Together these residues are predicted to form a cleft in the helix. To further substantiate the importance of the cleft, we deleted Gly 119 (delta 119). This resulting bGH analog was inactive in vivo as well as in in vitro assays. These results indicated that the primary structure of the third alpha-helix is critical for GH's growth-promoting activity and Gly 119 is a crucial amino acid in this region. Three adjacent amino acids, Asp 115, Ala 122, and Leu 123, also contribute to the growth-enhancing ability of the molecule.
<title>Fabrication and design of open microchannels for capillary electrophoresis separations and matrix-assisted laser/desorption mass spectroscopy analysis</title> (1999)

We describe the development and performance of microchips that interface capillary electrophoresis (CE) with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. The chip contains an open channel where CE is performed. The open channel functions as the CE column and is used to separate the mixture. Once separation occurs, the solvent is evaporated and the chip placed in the ionization source of a Fourier transform mass spectrometer. To perform the MALDI, a buffer will be used in the CE that will also function as matrix once the solvent is evaporated. Preliminary results will be described showing: (1) the design and construction of a new ionization source for an external source FTMS that will handle the microchip, (2) the feasibility of the CE on an open channel and (3) the feasibility of MALDI on an open channel. Two chips made of glass with groves cut on the surface have been fabricated for these experiments. The rates of evaporation of different solvent mixtures indicate that evaporation will not be a problem during the CE analysis. The rates of evaporation are considerably slower than the speed of the separation. To determine the feasibility of CE, a colored dye was placed on a 2 cm long column and high voltages attached to the two ends. Movement of a colored dye on the chip was observed under an electric field correspond to about 500 V/cm. This experiment indicates that CE can be performed on an open channel. The first experiments with MALDI of biomolecules, in this case oligosaccharides have been performed. (beta) -Cyclodextrin, a seven-membered cyclic oligosaccharide, was mixed with 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (matrix) on an open channel. Striking the grove with a 337 nm beam from a N<SUB>2</SUB> laser produces the mass spectrum of the compound with excellent resolution and high signal-to-noise.
VMThunder: Fast Provisioning of Large-Scale Virtual Machine Clusters (2014)

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) allows users to rent resources from the Cloud to meet their various computing requirements. The pay-as-you-use model, however, poses a nontrivial technical challenge to the IaaS cloud service providers: how to fast provision a large number of virtual machines (VMs) to meet users' dynamic computing requests? We address this challenge with VMThunder, a new VM provisioning tool, which downloads data blockson demandduring the VM booting process and speeds up VM image streaming by strategically integrating peer-to-peer (P2P) streaming techniques with enhanced optimization schemes such as transfer on demand, cache on read, snapshot on local, and relay on cache. In particular, VMThunder stores the original images in a share storage and in the meantime it adopts a tree-based P2P streaming scheme so that common image blocks are cached and reused across the nodes in the cluster. We implement VMThunder in CentOS Linux and thoroughly test its performance. Comprehensive experimental results show that VMThunder outperforms the state-of-the-art VM provisioning methods, with respect to scalability, latency, and VM runtime I/O performance.
Design and Chemical Synthesis of a Homogeneous Polymer-Modified Erythropoiesis Protein (2003)

We report the design and total chemical synthesis of "synthetic erythropoiesis protein" (SEP), a 51-kilodalton protein-polymer construct consisting of a 166-amino-acid polypeptide chain and two covalently attached, branched, and monodisperse polymer moieties that are negatively charged. The ability to control the chemistry allowed us to synthesize a macromolecule of precisely defined covalent structure. SEP was homogeneous as shown by high-resolution analytical techniques, with a mass of 50,825 +/-10 daltons by electrospray mass spectrometry, and with a pI of 5.0. In cell and animal assays for erythropoiesis, SEP displayed potent biological activity and had significantly prolonged duration of action in vivo. These chemical methods are a powerful tool in the rational design of protein constructs with potential therapeutic applications.
Overproduction of the protein product of a nonselected foreign gene carried by an adenovirus vector. (1985)

We have constructed a recombinant adenovirus that carries the herpes simplex virus type I gene for thymidine kinase (EC 2.7.1.21) and expresses thymidine kinase under control of adenovirus major late promoter. A DNA fragment carrying thymidine kinase coding sequences but lacking the thymidine kinase promoter was sandwiched between a piece of adenoviral DNA and simian virus 40 early DNA on a plasmid. The aligned fragment was then inserted into the adenoviral genome, replacing internal adenoviral DNA. Hybrid viruses carrying the thymidine kinase gene were obtained by selecting for viruses that express simian virus 40 tumor antigen (T antigen) in monkey cells. The thymidine kinase gene was positioned in the third segment of the adenovirus tripartite leader downstream from the major late promoter by in vivo DNA recombination between the duplicated adenoviral sequences present in the plasmid insert and the viral vector. Levels of thymidine kinase activity in human or monkey cells infected with this hybrid virus were several times higher than in cells infected with herpes simplex virus. Infected cells produced thymidine kinase protein at very high levels, similar to those found for adenovirus late major capsid proteins. The thymidine kinase protein represented 10% of the newly synthesized protein in late infected cells and accumulated to represent 1% of total cell protein under optimal conditions. This vector system offers a procedure by which a variety of gene products that are biologically active and properly modified can be produced at high levels in mammalian cells.
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) NS5A Binds RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRP) NS5B and Modulates RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity (2002)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B is RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP), the essential catalytic enzyme for HCV replication. Recently, NS5A has been reported to be important for the establishment of HCV replication in vitro by the adaptive mutations, although its role in viral replication remains uncertain. Here we report that purified bacterial recombinant NS5A and NS5B directly interact with each other in vitro, detected by glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down assay. Furthermore, complex formation of these proteins transiently coexpressed in mammalian cells was detected by coprecipitation. Using terminally and internally truncated NS5A, two discontinuous regions of NS5A (amino acids 105-162 and 277-334) outside of the adaptive mutations were identified to be independently essential for the binding both in vivo and in vitro (Yamashita, T., Kaneko, S., Shirota, Y., Qin, W., Nomura, T., Kobayashi, K., and Mkyrakami, S. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 15479-15486). We previously examined the effect of His-NS5A on RdRP activity of the soluble recombinant NS5Bt in vitro (see Yamashita et al. above). Wild NS5A weakly stimulated at first (when less than 0.1 molar ratio to NS5B) and then inhibited the NS5Bt RdRP activity in a dose-dependent manner. The internal deletion mutants defective in NS5B binding exhibited no inhibitory effect, indicating that the NS5B binding is necessary for the inhibition. Taken together, our results support the idea that NS5A modulates HCV replication as a component of replication complex.
Creation of Engineered Human Embryonic Stem Cell Lines Using phiC31 Integrase (2007)

It has previously been shown that the phage-derived phiC31 integrase can efficiently target native pseudo-attachment sites in the genome of various species in cultured cells, as well as in vivo. To demonstrate its utility in human embryonic stem cells (hESC), we have created hESC-derived clones containing expression constructs. Variant human embryonic stem cell lines BG01v and SA002 were used to derive lines expressing a green fluorescent protein (GFP) marker under control of either the human Oct4 promoter or the EF1alpha promoter. Stable clones were selected by antibiotic resistance and further characterized. The frequency of integration suggested candidate hot spots in the genome, which were mapped using a plasmid rescue strategy. The pseudo-attP profile in hESC differed from those reported earlier in differentiated cells. Clones derived using this method retained the ability to differentiate into all three germ layers, and fidelity of expression of GFP was verified in differentiation assays. GFP expression driven by the Oct4 promoter recapitulated endogenous Oct4 expression, whereas persistent stable expression of GFP expression driven by the EF1alpha promoter was seen. Our results demonstrate the utility of phiC31 integrase to target pseudo-attP sites in hESC and show that integrase-mediated site-specific integration can efficiently create stably expressing engineered human embryonic stem cell clones.
Replicative Senescence Revisited (2002)

Forty years after its discovery, replicative senescence remains a rich source of information about cell-cycle regulation and the progression from a normal to a transformed phenotype. Effectors of this growth-arrested state are being discovered at a great pace. This review discusses the latest findings on the players responsible for establishing replicative senescence, as well as the associated telomere shortening.
Three-dimensional ophthalmic optical coherence tomography with a refraction correction algorithm (2003)

We built an optical coherence tomography (OCT) system with a rapid scanning optical delay (RSOD) line, which allows probing full axial eye length. The system produces Three-dimensional (3D) data sets that are used to generate 3D tomograms of the model eye. The raw tomographic data were processed by an algorithm, which is based on Snell’s law to correct the interface positions. The Zernike polynomials representation of the interfaces allows quantitative wave aberration measurements. 3D images of our results are presented to illustrate the capabilities of the system and the algorithm performance. The system allows us to measure intra-ocular distances.
Critical Role of T Cell-Dependent Serum Antibody, but Not the Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue, for Surviving Acute Mucosal Infection with Citrobacter rodentium , an Attaching and Effacing Pathogen (2004)

Citrobacter rodentium uses virulence factors similar to the enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to produce attaching and effacing lesions in the distal colon of mice. We used this infection model to determine components of adaptive immunity needed to survive infection. During acute infection, wild-type mice develop breaks across infected epithelial surfaces but resolve infection. Surprisingly, mice markedly deficient in mucosal lymphocyte populations from beta(7) integrin deficiency resolve infection, as do CD8alpha-/- or TCR-delta-/- mice. In contrast, CD4-/- or TCR-beta-/- mice develop polymicrobial sepsis and end-organ damage, and succumb during acute infection, despite epithelial damage similar to wild-type mice. B cell-deficient (MuMT-/-) or B and T cell-deficient (recombinase-activating gene 2-/-) mice develop severe pathology in colon and internal organs, and deteriorate rapidly during acute infection. Surviving mice develop robust Citrobacter-specific serum IgM responses during acute infection, whereas mice that succumb do not. However, CD4-/- mice receiving serum Igs from infected wild-type mice survive and clear the infection. Our data show that survival of apparently self-limited and luminal mucosal infections requires a systemic T cell-dependent Ab response against bacteria that enter through damaged mucosa. These findings have implications for understanding host defense against mucosal infections, including the pathogenesis of these diseases in immunocompromised populations.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Chitosan‐co‐polyaniline/WO3⋅nH2O Composite Electrode for Amperometric Detection of NO2 Gas (2008)

Abstract An electrode of hydrated tungsten oxide (WO 3 ⋅ n H 2 O) embedded chitosan‐ co ‐polyaniline (CHIT‐ co ‐PANI) composite was electrochemically prepared on an indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass surface using mineral acid as a supporting electrolyte. The resulting CHIT‐ co ‐PANI/WO 3 ⋅ n H 2 O/ITO electrode was characterized using ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy (UV‐vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The composite electrode exhibited a three‐dimensional nanofibrous structure with the diameter of the nanofibers ranging from 20 to 100 nm. The CHIT‐ co ‐PANI/WO 3 ⋅ n H 2 O/ITO electrode allowed for the low potential detection of NO 2 gas in acidic medium. The NO 2 gas sensing characteristics were studied by measuring change in the current with respect to concentration and time. Using the CHIT‐ co ‐PANI/WO 3 ⋅ n H 2 O/ITO electrode, NO 2 gas was detected electrochemically without interference at pH 2.0 and 0.25 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The current of the electrochemical cell with the CHIT‐ co ‐PANI/WO 3 ⋅ n H 2 O/ITO electrode decreased linearly with an increase in NO 2 gas concentration in a range from 100 to 500 ppb with a response time of eight seconds.
Conversion of carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural catalyzed by ZnCl2 in water (2012)

The incompletely coordinated zinc ions in the concentrated aqueous ZnCl(2) solution catalyze the direct conversion of carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and a moderate HMF yield up to 50% can be achieved.
Classifiers for Ischemic Stroke Lesion Segmentation: A Comparison Study (2015)

Ischemic stroke, triggered by an obstruction in the cerebral blood supply, leads to infarction of the affected brain tissue. An accurate and reproducible automatic segmentation is of high interest, since the lesion volume is an important end-point for clinical trials. However, various factors, such as the high variance in lesion shape, location and appearance, render it a difficult task.
Gel electrophoresis--proteins : essential techniques (1996)

Sample Preparation Gel Preparation Gel Techniques Demonstration of Proteins in Gels Identification of Proteins in Gels Preservation of Gels.
Synthesis and biological activity of artificial mRNA prepared with novel phosphorylating reagents (2010)

Though medicines that target mRNA are under active investigation, there has been little or no effort to develop mRNA itself as a medicine. Here, we report the synthesis of a 130-nt mRNA sequence encoding a 33-amino-acid peptide that includes the sequence of glucagon-like peptide-1, a peptide that stimulates glucose-dependent insulin secretion from the pancreas. The synthesis method used, which had previously been developed in our laboratory, was based on the use of 2-cyanoethoxymethyl as the 2'-hydroxy protecting group. We also developed novel, highly reactive phosphotriester pyrophosphorylating reagents to pyrophosphorylate the 5'-end of the 130-mer RNA in preparation for capping. We completed the synthesis of the artificial mRNA by the enzymatic addition of a 5'-cap and a 3'-poly(A) tail to the pyrophosphorylated 130-mer and showed that the resulting mRNA supported protein synthesis in a cell-free system and in whole cells. As far as we know, this is the first time that mRNA has been prepared from a chemically synthesized RNA sequence. As well as providing a research tool for the intracellular expression of peptides, the technology described here may be used for the production of mRNA for medical applications.
Integrated Profiling of Basal and Luminal Breast Cancers (2007)

Basal and luminal are two molecular subtypes of breast cancer with opposite histoclinical features. We report a combined, high-resolution analysis of genome copy number and gene expression in primary basal and luminal breast cancers. First, we identified and compared genomic alterations in 45 basal and 48 luminal tumors by using 244K oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). We found various genome gains and losses and rare high-level gene amplifications that may provide therapeutic targets. We show that gain of 10p is a new alteration in basal breast cancer and that a subregion of the 8p12 amplification is specific of luminal tumors. Rare high-level amplifications contained BCL2L2, CCNE, EGFR, FGFR2, IGF1R, NOTCH2, and PIK3CA. Potential gene breaks involved ETV6 and FLT3. Second, we analyzed both aCGH and gene expression profiles for 42 basal and 32 luminal breast cancers. The results support the existence of specific oncogenic pathways in basal and luminal breast cancers, involving several potential oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (TSG). In basal tumors, 73 candidate oncogenes were identified in chromosome regions 1q21-23, 10p14, and 12p13 and 28 candidate TSG in regions 4q32-34 and 5q11-23. In luminal breast cancers, 33 potential oncogenes were identified in 1q21-23, 8p12-q21, 11q13, and 16p12-13 and 61 candidate TSG in 16q12-13, 16q22-24, and 17p13. HORMAD1 (P = 6.5 x 10(-5)) and ZNF703 (P = 7 x 10(-4)) were the most significant basal and luminal potential oncogenes, respectively. Finally, among 10p candidate oncogenes associated with basal subtype, we validated CDC123/C10orf7 protein as a basal marker.
Tyrosine kinases as targets in cancer therapy – successes and failures (2003)

Protein kinases play a crucial role in signal transduction and also in cellular proliferation, differentiation and various regulatory mechanisms. The inhibition of growth-related kinases, especially tyrosine kinases, might therefore provide new therapies for diseases such as cancer. Due to the enormous progress that has been made in the past few years in the identification of the human genome, in molecular and cell biology technologies, in structural biology and in bioinformatics, the number of receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinases that have been identified as valuable molecular targets has greatly increased. Currently, more than 20 different tyrosine kinase targets are under evaluation in drug discovery projects in oncology. The progress made in the crystallisation of protein kinases, in most cases complexed with ATP-site-directed inhibitors, has confirmed that the ATPbinding domain of tyrosine kinases is an attractive target for rational drug design; more than 20 ATP-competitive, low molecular weight inhibitors are in various phases of clinical evaluation. Meanwhile, clinical proof-of-concept (POC) has been achieved with several antibodies and small molecules targeted against tyrosine kinases. With Herceptin, Glivec and Iressa (registered in Japan), the first kinase drugs have entered the market. This review describes the preclinical and clinical status of low molecular weight drugs targeted against different tyrosine kinases (e.g., epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR], vascular endothelial growth factor receptor [VEGFR], platelet-derived growth factor receptor [PDGFR], Kit, Fms-like tyrosine kinase [Flt]-3), briefly describes new targets, and provides a critical analysis of the current situation in the area of tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Catalytic Enantioselective Epoxidation of Unfunctionalized Olefins: Utility of a Ti(Oi-Pr)4-Salan-H2O2 System (2006)

Salan ligands bearing an ortho-substituted phenyl group at C3 and C3′ were found to serve as an effective auxiliary of a Ti(Oi-Pr)4-salan-H2O2 system for enantioselective epoxidation. Simple olefins were converted into the corresponding epoxides in good to excellent enantioselectivity.