gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeted Inactivation of a Tobacco Intron–containing Open Reading Frame Reveals a Novel Chloroplast-encoded Photosystem I–related Gene (1997)

The chloroplast genome of all higher plants encodes, in its large single-copy region, a conserved open reading frame of unknown function (ycf3), which is split by two group II introns and undergoes RNA editing in monocotyledonous plants. To elucidate the function of ycf3 we have deleted the reading frame from the tobacco plastid genome by biolistic transformation. We show here that homoplasmic Deltaycf3 plants display a photosynthetically incompetent phenotype. Molecular analyses indicate that this phenotype is not due to a defect in any of the general functions of the plastid genetic apparatus. Instead, the mutant plants specifically lack detectable amounts of all photosystem I (PSI) subunits analyzed. In contrast, at least under low light conditions, photosystem II subunits are still present and assemble into a physiologically active complex. Faithful transcription of photosystem I genes as well as correct mRNA processing and efficient transcript loading with ribosomes in the Deltaycf3 plants suggest a posttranslational cause of the PSI-defective phenotype. We therefore propose that ycf3 encodes an essential protein for the assembly and/or stability of functional PSI units. This study provides a first example for the suitability of reverse genetics approaches to complete our picture of the coding capacity of higher plant chloroplast genomes.
Laboratory methods forKRASmutation analysis (2011)

The determination of KRAS mutational status from tumor samples has become an important tool for patient management in colorectal and non-small-cell lung cancers. Mutations in critical areas of the gene, such as codons 12 and 13, are a negative predictor of response to anti-EGF receptor antibodies in colorectal cancer, and similarly are indicators of resistance to small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-small-cell lung cancer patients. A variety of laboratory methods have been developed to assess mutation status in key regions of the KRAS gene. Many of these methods, including allele-specific PCR, real-time PCR methods with melt-curve analysis, and nucleic acid sequencing techniques, provide the appropriate analytical performance to address tissue heterogeneity in tumor samples. The pathologist plays a key role in this process because assessment of morphological features of the tumor is important prior to molecular analysis. This article provides a summary of the performance characteristics of various molecular testing methods and addresses other key aspects of testing necessary to provide relevant information to help determine appropriate therapy choices.
Pharmacological subclassification of α1‐adrenoceptors in vascular smooth muscle (1990)

1. We examined whether alpha 1-adrenoceptors in various blood vessels can be divided into subtypes by antagonist affinity or by susceptibility to chloroethylclonidine or nifedipine. 2. Noradrenaline or phenylephrine produced concentration-dependent contractions in all the tissues tested, which were competitively inhibited by phentolamine, yohimbine, prazosin, WB4101 and HV723. However, there were large differences between the tissues in the pA2 values for all the antagonists except phentolamine. 3. The blood vessels could be classified into three groups (I, II and III) on the basis of their affinity variation. In group I (dog mesenteric artery and vein, saphenous vein), the pA2 values for HV723 were greater than 9, and those for HV723 and WB4101 were approximately 1 log unit higher than for prazosin. This rank order of affinity reversed in group II (dog carotid artery and rat thoracic aorta), where prazosin was more potent (pA2 values greater than 9.5) than HV723 or WB4101. In group III (rabbit mesenteric artery, thoracic aorta and carotid artery and guinea-pig thoracic aorta), on the other hand, prazosin, HV723 and WB4101 inhibited the noradrenaline response with a similar affinity (pA2 values ranging from 8 to 9). 4. Yohimbine inhibited the responses to noradrenaline and phenylephrine with a lower affinity than prazosin, HV723 or WB4101. The pA2 values for yohimbine were similar in groups I and II (the values greater than 6.5), which were greater than those in group III (values less than 6.4). 5. The alpha l-adrenoceptors in group II were selectively affected by chlorethylclonidine, resulting in an irreversible attenuation of noradrenaline responses in the dog carotid artery and a persistent contraction in the rat thoracic aorta. 6. Nifedipine either produced no effect or a slight inhibition of alpha l-adrenoceptor-mediated contractions in all the blood vessels; these effects were not correlated to the above groups. 7. These results suggest that alpha,-adrenoceptors of blood vessels can be divided into three subtypes (designated as alpha 1H, alpha4L and alpha 1N) by antagonist affinity and their susceptibility to chloroethylclonidine but not to nifedipine: the characteristics of each subtype are summarized in Table 3. Subtypes alpha lH, alpha 1L and alpha lN may be predominantly involved in the contractile responses to noradrenaline or phenylephrine of the blood vessels in groups II, III and I, respectively.
Murine Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Gene Disruption Attenuates the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Stress Response (1998)

Recently, we have shown that human fetal pituitary, mouse corticotroph AtT20 cells, and murine hypothalamus and pituitary express leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). LIF knockout mice (LIFKO), heterozygous and wild type (wt), of B6D2F1 genetic background were used to examine whether LIF may play a role in the regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in vivo. Resting levels of plasma ACTH and corticosterone were similar in all three genotypes. However, LIFKO mice did not respond to 30-min restraint and 45-min immobilization stress with increased plasma ACTH. Increased circulating ACTH was only observed in LIFKO mice after very short immobilization stress (15 min), but this ACTH level was lower than in wt animals (P < 0.05). Injection of mycobacterial adjuvant resulted in a 2-fold increase of corticosterone levels 7 days after treatment in wt, but not LIFKO, mice (P < 0.05). Pituitary POMC messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were very low in LIFKO animals. Although 15 and 45 min of immobilization stress resulted in enhanced POMC mRNA content in all three groups, this elevation was lowest in LIFKO mice. Injection of 12 μg murine LIF to LIFKO and normal C57BL/6 animals resulted in increased plasma ACTH and corticosterone levels and elevated pituitary POMC mRNA levels in both LIF-repleted and LIF-depleted mice. Thus, LIF appears to play an important role in activating the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis during stress and inflammation.
Direct cadherin-activated cell signaling (2002)

Classical cadherin adhesion molecules are key determinants of cell recognition and tissue morphogenesis, with diverse effects on cell behavior. Recent developments indicate that classical cadherins are adhesion-activated signaling receptors. In particular, early-immediate Rac signaling is emerging as a mechanism to coordinate cadherin-actin integration at the plasma membrane.
Opposing actions of intact and N-terminal fragments of the human prolactin/growth hormone family members on angiogenesis: An efficient mechanism for the regulation of angiogenesis (1999)

Angiogenesis, the process of development of a new microvasculature, is regulated by a balance of positive and negative factors. We show both in vivo and in vitro that the members of the human prolactin/growth hormone family, i.e., human prolactin, human growth hormone, human placental lactogen, and human growth hormone variant are angiogenic whereas their respective 16-kDa N-terminal fragments are antiangiogenic. The opposite actions are regulated in part via activation or inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. In addition, the N-terminal fragments stimulate expression of type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor whereas the intact molecules have no effect, an observation consistent with the fragments acting via separate receptors. The concept that a single molecule encodes both angiogenic and antiangiogenic peptides represents an efficient model for regulating the balance of positive and negative factors controlling angiogenesis. This hypothesis has potential physiological importance for the control of the vascular connection between the fetal and maternal circulations in the placenta, where human prolactin, human placental lactogen, and human growth hormone variant are expressed.
Nucleic‐Acid Analogues with Constraint Conformational Flexibility in the Sugar‐Phosphate Backbone (‘Bicyclo‐DNA’). Part 1. Preparation of (3S,5′R)‐2′‐Deoxy‐3′,5′‐ethano‐αβ‐D‐ribonucleosides (‘Bicyclonucleosides’) (1993)

Abstract We describe the synthesis of 2′‐deoxy‐3′,5′‐ethano‐ D ‐ribonucleosides 1 – 8 (= (5′,8′‐dihydroxy‐2′‐oxabicyclo‐[3.3.0]oct‐3′‐yl)purines or ‐pyrimidines) of the nucleobases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. They differ from natural 2′‐deoxyribonucleosides only by an additional ethylene bridge between the centers C(3′) and C(5′). The configuration at these centers (3 S ,5′ R ) was chosen as to match the geometry of a repeating nucleoside unit in duplex DNA as close as possible. These nucleosides were designed to confer, as constituents of an oligonucleotide chain, a higher degree of preorganization of a single strand for duplex formation with respect to natural DNA, thus leading to an entropic advantage for the pairing process. The synthesis of these ‘bicyclonucleosides’ was achieved by construction of an enantiomerically pure carbohydrate precursor 18 / 19 ( Schemes 1 ), which was then converted to the corresponding nucleosides by known methods in nucleoside synthesis ( Schemes 2 and 3 ). In all cases, both anomeric forms of the nucleosides were obtained in pure crystalline form, the relative configuration of which was established by 1 H‐NMR‐NOE spectroscopy. A conformational analysis of the nucleosides with β‐configuration at the anomeric center by means of X‐ray and 1 H‐NMR (including NOE) spectroscopy show the furanose part of the molecules to adopt uniformly a 1′ exo ‐conformation with the base substituents preferentially in the anti ‐range in the pyrimidine nucleosides ( anti / syn ca. 2:1) distribution in the purine nucleosides (in solution).
The KIM query system (1994)

In this paper we present the iconic query system of the KIM environment, providing the user with a homogeneous access to distributed, heterogeneous and multimedia databases through a modality independent of the specific underlying environments (i.e. DBMS and physical installations).A prototype of this system is being designed and implemented by a European Consortium under the KIM project, within the European ESPRIT programme. The characteristics of the query system have been identified on the basis of several research contributions, integrated and refined with the actual discussion and validation with a significant number of users in real working environments. Now, a significant nucleus of the prototype is operating and is being experimented with real databases at several pilot sites in Europe, and mainly at the European Space Agency in Frascati (Italy).The basic assumption underlying the KIM approach, is that conceptual (graphical) models can represent a suitable and integrated method to permit the user to access information from distributed, heterogeneous databases without needing to know the actual organisation, models and physical products.Different requirements and classes of users can be envisaged for a generic query system. An analysis of these categories is provided, discussing the most effective interfacing modalities for the individual cases.On the basis of the depicted considerations, the system provides both iconic and diagrammatic interfaces. The adoption of mixed interface (including both icons and ER diagrams) is quite innovative in this field, both as concerns the research activities and its actual implementation in industrial environments.
Tumor-Targeting Nanocomplex Delivery of Novel Tumor Suppressor RB94 Chemosensitizes Bladder Carcinoma CellsIn vitroandIn vivo (2008)

Use of our tumor-targeting nanocomplex to specifically deliver the potent tumor suppressor RB94 efficiently to tumors has potential as a more effective treatment modality for genitourinary and other cancers.
Halogenated Fire Extinguishants: Flame Suppression by a Physical Mechanism? (1975)

The mechanism by which halogenated agents act as flame suppressants has been the subject of intensive research for about twenty five years. In the early 1950's Fryburg (1) proposed that the outstanding effectiveness of these agents may be due to a mechanism that involved the chemistry of the combustion processes rather than one or another of the mechanisms which were thought to be applicable to the inert gases. A chemically based mechanism was felt to be attractive since it might explain the fact that certain halohydrocarbons, especially those containing bromine, were from five to eight times as effective as carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Fryburg's proposal led directly to very extensive studies to elucidate the chemistry of flames into which halogenated materials were introduced. These studies, in turn, led to the development of the radical trap mechanism for flame suppression that is in vogue today. That the halogenated agents enter into
Unique Structural Determinants for Stat3 Recruitment and Activation by the Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Receptor at Phosphotyrosine Ligands 704 and 744 (2006)

G-CSFR cytoplasmic tyrosine (Y) residues (Y704, Y729, Y744, and Y764) become phosphorylated upon ligand binding and recruit specific Src homology 2 domain-containing proteins that link to distinct yet overlapping programs for myeloid cell survival, differentiation, proliferation, and activation. The structural basis for recruitment specificity is poorly understood but could be exploited to selectively target deleterious G-CSFR-mediated signaling events such as aberrant Stat3 activation demonstrated in a subset of acute myeloid leukemia patients with poor prognosis. Recombinant Stat3 bound to G-CSFR phosphotyrosine peptide ligands pY704VLQ and pY744LRC with similar kinetics. Testing of three models for Stat3 Src homology 2-pY ligand binding in vitro and in vivo revealed unique determinants for Stat3 recruitment and activation by the G-CSFR, the side chain of Stat3 R609, which interacts with the pY ligand phosphate group, and the peptide amide hydrogen of E638, which bonds with oxygen/sulfur within the + 3 Q/C side chain of the pY ligand when it assumes a beta turn. Thus, our findings identify for the first time the structural basis for recruitment and activation of Stat3 by the G-CSFR and reveal unique features of this interaction that can be exploited to target Stat3 activation for the treatment of a subset of acute myeloid leukemia patients.
Pentostatin Plus Cyclophosphamide Safely and Effectively Prevents Immunotoxin Immunogenicity in Murine Hosts (2011)

Induction and maintenance PC chemotherapy safely prevented anti-immunotoxin antibody formation with uniform efficacy. These data suggest that immunotoxin therapy might be used in combination with pentostatin plus cyclophosphamide chemotherapy to improve the targeted therapy of cancer.
APPLICATION OF THE ACOUSTIC-ELASTIC EFFECT TO RAIL STRESS MEASUREMENT (1979)

An ultrasonic probe has been designed, evaluated, and shown capable of measuring longitudinal stress changes in railroad rails. The probe utilizes the effect of applied stress on wave velocity (acousto-elastic effect) to determine the stress change. In both laboratory and field evaluations, it has shown that the probe is capable of measuring stress changes.
Adaptive Orientation of Multifunctional Nanowires for Magnetic Control of Bioelectrocatalytic Processes (2007)

Charging ahead: Adaptive functional nanowires can be used for magnetoswitchable bioelectrocatalysis. This control is accomplished by changing the surface orientation of two-segment gold/nickel nanowires, which are functionalized with glucose oxidase (GOx), in connection to a surface-bound ferrocene (Fc) electron-transfer mediator (see picture).
A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Interferon Gamma-1b in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2004)

In a well-defined population of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, interferon gamma-1b did not affect progression-free survival, pulmonary function, or the quality of life. Owing to the size and duration of the trial, a clinically significant survival benefit could not be ruled out.
Analysis of Arabidopsis genome-wide variations before and after meiosis and meiotic recombination by resequencing Landsberg erecta and all four products of a single meiosis (2011)

Meiotic recombination, including crossovers (COs) and gene conversions (GCs), impacts natural variation and is an important evolutionary force. COs increase genetic diversity by redistributing existing variation, whereas GCs can alter allelic frequency. Here, we sequenced Arabidopsis Landsberg erecta (Ler) and two sets of all four meiotic products from a Columbia (Col)/Ler hybrid to investigate genome-wide variation and meiotic recombination at nucleotide resolution. Comparing Ler and Col sequences uncovered 349,171 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), 58,085 small and 2315 large insertions/deletions (indels), with highly correlated genome-wide distributions of SNPs, and small indels. A total of 443 genes have at least 10 nonsynonymous substitutions in protein-coding regions, with enrichment for disease-resistance genes. Another 316 genes are affected by large indels, including 130 genes with complete deletion of coding regions in Ler. Using the Arabidopsis qrt1 mutant, two sets of four meiotic products were generated and analyzed by sequencing for meiotic recombination, representing the first tetrad analysis with whole-genome sequencing in a nonfungal species. We detected 18 COs, six of which had an associated GC event, and four GCs without COs (NCOs), and revealed that Arabidopsis GCs are likely fewer and with shorter tracts than those in yeast. Meiotic recombination and chromosome assortment events dramatically redistributed genome variation in meiotic products, contributing to population diversity. In particular, meiosis provides a rapid mechanism to generate copy-number variation (CNV) of sequences that have different chromosomal positions in Col and Ler.
OUTCOME OF KIDNEY TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS WITH PREVIOUS HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-8 INFECTION1 (2000)

The low graft survival and the high prevalence of KS within the studied population of HHV-8+ transplant recipients are strong arguments for systematic screening of HHV-8 serologic features before transplantation, especially in patients of African origin. HHV-8+ transplant recipients should be closely monitored to severe infections.
Treatment of blepharospasm with medication, surgery and type A botulinum toxin. (1987)

A total of 39 patients with essential blepharospasm and 2 patients with hemifacial spasm were treated with one or more forms of therapy. All patients underwent neurologic and ophthalmic assessment to rule out ocular causes of blepharospasm. Thirty-six patients were given a trial of various medications. Only one patient was successfully treated: her condition was markedly improved with pimozide after benztropine mesylate, clonazepam and amantadine hydrochloride had failed to help. Patients who did not respond to drug therapy were offered the option of undergoing eyebrow-eyelid muscle stripping surgery. The six patients who underwent surgery showed considerable improvement; however, side effects such as frontal anesthesia, exposure keratitis, lagophthalmus, scarring and eyelid malposition occurred, and three of the six had residual spasm. At this point type A botulinum toxin became available. A total of 27 patients (26 who did not respond to drug therapy, including the 3 with residual spasm after surgery, and 1 previously untreated patient) received type A botulinum toxin injections. Most experienced rapid relief from their spasms. The beneficial effects lasted weeks to months, and there were no major side effects. Treatment with type A botulinum toxin appears to be a safe and effective means of temporarily relieving blepharospasm. The long-term results with repeated injections are yet to be determined.
DNA-transformed murine teratocarcinoma cells: regulation of expression of simian virus 40 tumor antigen in stem versus differentiated cells. (1980)

Thymidine kinase-deficient (TK-; ATP:thymidine 5'-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.21)F9 teratocarcinoma stem cells have been transformed with a recombinant plasmid genome consisting of the pBR322 genome linked to a herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase gene (HSV-1 tk) and a simian virus 40 (SV40) genome. A clonal line of stem cells was obtained that contains only one copy of plasmid DNA, which is integrated into murine chromosomal DNA through a site on the pBRR322 genome. The HSV-1 tk gene, which is adjacent to the SV40 genome, is expressed in stem cells, whereas SV40 gene expression is not detectable. If differentiation of these stem cells is induced, the differentiated cells express SV40 early gene products. Thus, we have constructed a stem cell which contains a set of genes (SV40), the expression of which is regulated differently in stem and differentiated cells. This cell line could be used to determine the mechanism of suppression of expression of these genes in stem cells.
Acenaphthyne (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcenaphthyneO. L. Chapman, J. Gano, P. R. West, M. Regitz, and G. MaasCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 23, 7033–7036Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00413a074https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00413a074research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views416Altmetric-Citations75LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts