gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The combination effect of amrubicin with cisplatin or irinotecan for small-cell lung cancer cells (2006)

The single agent of amrubicin is active in untreated small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Cytotoxicity of amrubicinol, the active form of amrubicin, was evaluated in a parent SCLC cell line (SBC-3); an active metabolite of irinotecan, 7-ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin (SN-38)-resistant subline (SBC-3/SN-38); and cisplatin-resistant subline (SBC-3/CDDP) using AlamarBlue assay. Interaction of the combined drugs was evaluated by median-effect plot analysis, and the fraction of apoptotic cells was determined using flow cytometry. SBC-3/SN-38 was 34-fold more resistant to SN-38 and SBC-3/CDDP was 7.2-fold more resistant to cisplatin than parental SBC-3. However, these resistant sublines retained sensitivity to amrubicinol (1.8- and 1.7-fold, respectively). Simultaneous exposure of SBC-3/SN-38 cells to amrubicinol and cisplatin showed a synergistic effect. Simultaneous exposure of SBC-3/CDDP cells to amrubicinol and SN-38 displayed synergistic or additive effects. The two-drug combination produced an increase of apoptotic cells compared to each single agent alone in both resistant cells. These findings suggest that amrubicin alone and in combination with cisplatin or irinotecan is effective against SCLC refractory to irinotecan and/or cisplatin.
TableFormer: Robust Transformer Modeling for Table-Text Encoding (2022)

Understanding tables is an important aspect of natural language understanding. Existing models for table understanding require linearization of the table structure, where row or column order is encoded as an unwanted bias. Such spurious biases make the model vulnerable to row and column order perturbations. Additionally, prior work has not thoroughly modeled the table structures or table-text alignments, hindering the table-text understanding ability. In this work, we propose a robust and structurally aware table-text encoding architecture TABLEFORMER, where tabular structural biases are incorporated completely through learnable attention biases. TABLEFORMER is (1) strictly invariant to row and column orders, and, (2) could understand tables better due to its tabular inductive biases. Our evaluations showed that TABLEFORMER outperforms strong baselines in all settings on SQA, WTQ and TABFACT table reasoning datasets, and achieves state-of-the-art performance on SQA, especially when facing answer-invariant row and column order perturbations (6% improvement over the best baseline), because previous SOTA models' performance drops by 4% -6% when facing such perturbations while TABLEFORMER is not affected.
C33 antigen and M38 antigen recognized by monoclonal antibodies inhibitory to syncytium formation by human T cell leukemia virus type 1 are both members of the transmembrane 4 superfamily and associate with each other and with CD4 or CD8 in T cells. (1993)

C33 Ag and M38 Ag had been identified by mAb inhibitory to HTLV-1-induced syncytium formation. The cDNA encoding C33 Ag had revealed that it belongs to the newly defined transmembrane 4 superfamily (TM4SF). M38 Ag was detected on virtually all human cell lines and fresh leukocytes except for most granulocytes. It was also expressed on a mouse hybrid cell clone containing human chromosome 11q23-pter. Immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analyses identified a monomeric 26-kDa protein. The M38 epitope was dependent on S-S bonding. These characteristics were very similar to those reported for TAPA-1 (the target of antiproliferative antibody-1), which also belongs to TM4SF as C33 Ag. We therefore cloned the cDNA of human TAPA-1 and expressed it in COS cells. M38 indeed reacted with COS cells expressing human TAPA-1. We concluded that M38 Ag was identical to TAPA-1. To further investigate the biologic functions of C33 Ag and M38 Ag (TAPA-1) and their roles in HTLV-1-induced syncytium formation, molecules associated with these Ag were examined in T cells. Immunoprecipitation from surface-iodinated cell lysates revealed that proteins co-precipitated by C33 and M38 were mostly common including each other. Sequential immunoprecipitation-immunoblot experiments confirmed that C33 Ag and M38 Ag (TAPA-1) were associated with each other. The association was further confirmed in BHK cells doubly transfected with human cDNA for C33 Ag and TAPA-1. We extended similar analyses and found that C33 Ag and M38 Ag (TAPA-1) were regularly associated with CD4 or CD8. The association of these Ag on the cell surface was further supported by co-modulation of M38 Ag (TAPA-1), CD4 and CD8 with C33 Ag. This is the first time that a physical association between the members of TM4SF is demonstrated. Furthermore, the regular association of C33 Ag and M38 Ag (TAPA-1) with CD4 or CD8 might indicate that they play a role in expression and/or function of the CD4/CD8 co-receptor complex.
Molecular Mechanisms of Hydrogen Sulfide Toxicity (2006)

Incubation of isolated hepatocytes with NaHS solutions (a H2S source) resulted in glutathione (GSH) depletion. Moreover, GSH depletion was also observed in TRIS-HCl buffer (pH 6.0) treated with NaHS. Several ferric chelators (desferoxamime and DETAPAC) and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and catalase) prevented cell-free and hepatocyte GSH depletion. GSH-depleted hepatocytes were very susceptible to NaHS cytotoxicity, indicating that GSH detoxified NaHS or H2S in cells. Cytotoxicity was also partly prevented by desferoxamine and DETAPC, but it was increased by ferric EDTA or EDTA. Cell-free oxygen consumption experiments in TRIS-HCl buffer showed that NaHS autoxidation formed hydrogen peroxide and was prevented by DETAPC but increased by EDTA. We hypothesize that H2S can reduce intracellular bound ferric iron to form unbound ferrous iron, which activates iron. Additionally, H2S can increase the hepatocyte formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (known to occur with electron transport chain). H2S cytotoxicity therefore also involves a reactive sulfur species, which depletes GSH and activates oxygen to form ROS.
Venous Thrombosis and Post-Thrombotic Syndrome: From Novel Biomarkers to Biology (2018)

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common disease that carries serious ramifications for patients, including pulmonary embolism and post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS). Although standard treatment for DVT is anticoagulation, this carries an added risk of bleeding and increased medication monitoring. Identifying those at risk for DVT and PTS can be difficult, and current research with murine models is helping to illuminate the biologic changes associated with these two disorders. Potential novel biomarkers for improving the diagnosis of DVT and PTS include ICAM-1, P-selectin, and cell-free DNA. Inhibition of factor XI, P- and E-selectin, and neutrophil extracellular traps holds promise for novel clinical treatment of DVT. Experimental research on PTS suggests potential cellular and mediator therapy targets of TLR9, MMP-2 and-9, PAI-1, and IL-6. Although many important concepts and mechanisms have been elucidated through research on DVT and PTS, more work must be done to translate experimental findings to the clinical arena. This review examines the currently used murine models of DVT, biomarkers involved in the pathophysiology and diagnosis of DVT and PTS, and potential pharmacologic targets for PTS treatment.
An adaptive cable equalizer for serial digital video rates to 400 Mb/s (2002)

A monolithic adaptive cable equalizer incorporates an analog adaptive equalizing filter that accurately synthesizes the inverse transfer function of cables ranging in length from Om to lengths that attenuate the signal by 40 dB at 200 MHz. This corresponds to 300 m of Belden 8281 cable or roughly 120 m of CAT5 UTP cable. The equalizer supports data rates extending beyond 400 MWs, and automatically compensates for different cable lengths as well as process and temperature variations. The measured peak-to-peak jitter after equalizing data is transmitted through 200 m of Belden 8281 cable at 270 Mb/s is less than 200 ps. This surpasses the performance of any monolithic serial digital video equalizer reported.
The JAK2-V617F mutation is frequently present at diagnosis in patients with essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera (2006)

We determined the allelic frequency of the JAK2-V617F mutation in DNA and assessed the expression levels of the mutant and wild-type JAK2 mRNA in granulocytes from 60 patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) and 62 patients with polycythemia vera (PV) at the time of diagnosis. Using allele-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), we detected JAK2-V617F in 75% of ET and 97% of PV at diagnosis. The total JAK2 mRNA levels were elevated in ET, PV, and secondary and idiopathic erythrocytosis, suggesting that hyperactive hematopoiesis alters JAK2 expression. The expression levels of JAK2-V617F mRNA were variable but strongly correlated with the allelic ratio of JAK2-V617F determined in DNA. Thus, differences in JAK2-V617F expression, markedly lower in ET than in PV, reflected different percentages of granulocytes carrying the mutation. Moreover, allelic ratios higher than 50% JAK2-V617F, indicating the presence of granulocytes homozygous for JAK2-V617F, were found in 70% of PV at diagnosis but never in ET.
Analysis of Genomic G + C Content, Codon Usage, Initiator Codon Context and Translation Termination Sites In Tetrahymena Thermophila (1999)

In recent years, the amount of molecular sequencing data from Tetrahymena thermophila has dramatically increased. We analyzed G + C content, codon usage, initiator codon context and stop codon sites in the extremely A + T rich genome of this ciliate. Average G + C content was 38% for protein coding regions, 21% for 5' non-coding sequences, 19% for 3' non-coding sequences, 15% for introns, 19% for micronuclear limited sequences and 17% for macronuclear retained sequences flanking micronuclear specific regions. The 75 available T. thermophila protein coding sequences favored codons ending in T and, where possible, avoided those with G in the third position. Highly expressed genes were relatively G + C-rich and exhibited an extremely biased pattern of codon usage while developmentally regulated genes were more A + T-rich and showed less codon usage bias. Regions immediately preceding Tetrahymena translation initiator codons were generally A-rich. For the 60 stop codons examined, the frequency of G in the end + 1 site was much higher than expected whereas C never occupied this position.
경력관련 변수와 조직몰입 분석 : 경력 단계와 경력 경로와의 관계 (1997)

조직몰입에 관한 많은 연구에도 불구하고 개인의 경력관련 변수들과의 관계에 관한 연구는 매우 드물다. 이는 아마도 지금까지는 개인이 주체적으로 자신의 경력을 설정하는 면이 크지 못했기 때문일 것이다. 그러나 지식 사회로 정의되는 앞으로의 사회에 있어서는 개인이 자신의 경력을 구상하고 선택하는 면이 증가할 것이고 이에 따라 효과적인 종업원 관리를 위하여 조직은 개인의 경력과 관계된 변수들을 간과할 수 없게 될 것이다. 이 연구는 이러한 시각에 입각하여, 조직 행동 및 관리 분야에서 가장 많이 연구되어 온 변수들 중의 하나인 조직몰입과 경력 변수들 사이의 관계를 연구하였다. 경력관련 변수들로 경력 단계와 경력 경로에 관한 면을, 조직몰입에 관하여 감정적, 거래적 그리고 규범적인 세 차원의 몰입을 측정하였다. 국내 관리자들을 대상으로 설문 분석하여, 경력과 몰입과의 관계에 관한 여러 가지 결과들을 발견하였다. 우선, 나이, 총근무기간, 현직위의 경력 단계 변수와 경험적 승진율, 전직 회수, 장기적인 체류 의도의 경력 경로 변수들이 조직몰입과 각각 유의적인 관계에 있음을 발견하였다. 또한 공변량분석을 실시하여 각 변수들간의 보다 구체적인 관계를 다각적으로 분석하였다. 이 연구는 개인의 경력관련 변수와 조직몰입과의 관계를 다각적으로 연구한 시도였다는 데에서 의의를 갖으며, 이러한 방향으로의 연구 방향을 제시하고 있다.
Anti-glycoprotein B monoclonal antibody protects T cell-depleted mice against herpes simplex virus infection by inhibition of virus replication at the inoculated mucous membranes (1993)

A monoclonal antibody (MAb 2c) specific for glycoprotein B of herpes simplex virus (HSV) mediated clearance of the virus from the infected mucous membranes. Young adult C57BL/6J mice were inoculated intravaginally with HSV type 1 and injected intraperitoneally either 24 and 72 h or 65 and 265 h post-inoculation with a polyclonal immune serum or the MAb 2c, both adjusted to the same neutralizing capacity. Immunization with the polyclonal immune serum did not alter the duration of virus shedding from the genital mucous membranes although a lethal outcome of infection was clearly prevented. Immunization with the MAb, however, resulted in a rapid clearance of the virus from the genital tract thus completely inhibiting genital inflammation and lethality. The same effects were achieved in mice depleted in vivo of CD4+ T cells although peripheral virus replication continued longer in these mice. In mice depleted of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells the polyclonal immune serum was no longer able to protect against lethality, and virus replication in the mucous membranes persisted until the mice died. In contrast, after treatment with the MAb peripheral infection was quickly eliminated and all mice survived. These findings indicate that clearance of the virus from the primary site of replication can be mediated by humoral immunity. The relevance of this observation for vaccination against HSV is discussed.
In‐plane ultrasonic needle tracking using a fiber‐optic hydrophone (2015)

A fiber-optic ultrasound receiver integrated into the needle cannula in combination with single-element transmissions from the imaging probe allows for direct visualization of the needle tip within the ultrasound imaging plane. Visualization of the needle tip was achieved at depths and insertion angles that are encountered during nerve blocks and fetal interventions. The method presented in this paper has strong potential to improve the safety and efficiency of ultrasound-guided needle insertions.
Glial Cell Line Derived Neurotrophic Factor Delays Photoreceptor Degeneration in a Transgenic Rat Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa (2001)

We designed experiments to evaluate the therapeutic potential of glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) to rescue photoreceptors from genetically determined cell death. Gene transfer of the neurotrophic factor to the retina was achieved via a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector containing the chicken beta-actin promoter/immediate early cytomegalovirus enhancer (CBA) driving the human GDNF gene. We delivered AAV-CBA-GDNF to the retinas of an animal model of retinitis pigmentosa, the TgN S334ter-4 rhodopsin line of transgenic rats. Immunohistochemical studies localized AAV-CBA-GDNF-derived recombinant protein to cell bodies, inner segments, and outer segments of photoreceptor cells as well as to retinal pigment epithelial cells. We assessed the effect of viral delivery by morphometric and electroretinographic analysis. These experiments showed that GDNF vector treatment leads to increased rod photoreceptor survival as indicated by morphometric analysis of outer nuclear layer thickness. AAV-CBA-GDNF-treated retinas also demonstrated functional improvement by the substantially increased amplitude of electroretinograms. AAV-CBA-GDNF delivery had a significant rescue effect on photoreceptor degeneration in this animal model.
Epidemiology of congenital heart disease in Merseyside—1979 to 1988 (1996)

Abstract All infants and children born alive with documented congenital heart disease (excluding those weighing less than 2500 g at birth with a diagnosis of patent arterial duct) within the county of Merseyside between 1979 and 1988 were identified from the combined records of the Liverpool Congenital Malformations Registry and the Cardiac Unit, Royal Liverpool Children‘s Hospital Alder Hey, Liverpool. In total, 1543 cases were disclosed from a live-birth population of 203,880 providing a prevalence rate at birth of 7.57 (95% confidence interval: 7.20–7.96) cases per 1000 livebirths. The overall crude death rate was 18.5% (95% confidence interval: 16.4–20.3). An additional 240 (15.6% [95% confidence interval: 13.8–17.5%]) cases of heart disease not identified by the registry were disclosed from the records of the cardiac unit, demonstrating the unreliability of rates published by monitoring bodies. The annual prevalence rate at birth varied from 6.3 to 9.0 per 1000 livebirths, and seemed to be associated with the impact of new imaging technology. Regional variation was marked (5.3 to 8.9 per 1000 livebirths) and unaccountable in terms of potential morphogenetic mechanism, suggesting inconsistencies in referral of cases. Exclusion of regions of poor ascertainment in the calculation of a revised figure for the prevalence rate at birth suggests that as many as 89 in every 10,000 infants born alive may have structural cardiac anomalies. In conclusion, annual and regional variation of ascertainment in registry studies remains the enemy of an accurate description of the true prevalence rate at birth for congenital heart disease.
Yield and Characteristics of Pyrolysis Products Obtained from Schizochytrium limacinum under Different Temperature Regimes (2013)

Pyrolysis-gas chromatographic mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) was used to determine the yield and chemical composition of the pyrolysis products of Schizochytrium limacinum. The pyrolysis was carried out by varying the temperature from 300 °C to 800 °C. It was found that the main decomposition temperature of Schizochytrium limacinum was 428.16 °C, at which up to 66.5% of the mass was lost. A further 18.7% mass loss then occurred in a relatively slow pace until 760.2 °C due to complete decomposition of the ash content of Schizochytrium limacinum. The pyrolysis of Schizochytrium limacinum at 700 °C produced the maximum yield (67.7%) of pyrolysis products compared to 61.2% at 400 °C. While pollutants released at 700 °C (12.3%) was much higher than that of 400 °C (2.1%). Higher temperature will lead to more pollutant (nitrogen compounds and PAHs) release, which is harmful to the environment. Considering the reasonably high yield and minimum release of pollutants, a lower pyrolysis temperature (400 °C) was found to be optimum for producing biofuel from Schizochytrium limacinum.
Model and guidelines for community parks in Montana (2016)

1). STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM- The purpose of this research paper is to provide guidelines and a model for developing communities parks in Montana. 2). PROCEDURE or METHOD- The researcher used Hylite Heights sub-division in Gallatin County to develop a model, for the communities to use when attempting to implement their own parks. A survey was sent to residents at Hylite Heights and used as an example to design the model. Resources used to identify legal, funding and other issues include, the Library at Montana State University-Bozeman, the Internet, statutory codes of Montana, codes of Gallatin, Yellowstone. Cascade, and Flathead counties, and interviews with several professional persons. 3). SURVEY RESULTS- The sample survey showed a majority of the residents wanted a park and which features they wanted in that park. While some people cited noise, extra traffic, and trash problems as reasons not to have the park, a vast majority of those living on the streets facing the park (and those most likely to be affected) favored the park. 4). THE MODEL- Using research results and the survey, the researcher provides a step-by-step model for other communities to use, as a how to guide, for use in making decisions in developing their own parks.
NMR study of self‐paired parallel duplex of d(AAAAACCCCC) in solution (1992)

The oligonucleotide d(A5C5) in solution forms a parallel self-duplex at neutral and low pH values. H2O NMR spectra at pH 5.1 indicate the presence of five imino resonances at lower temperatures; and the structure is stable up to 60 degrees C. These signals can arise only from the hemiprotonated C+.C pairs [Westhof, E. and Sundaralingham, M. (1980) Biochemistry 77, 1852-1856; Westhof, E. and Sundaralingham, M. (1980) J. Mol. Biol. 142, 331-361] and constitute the first direct observation of C+.C hemiprotonated pairs in solution. The cross peaks from H1's and more than five distinct AH8's in 500 MHz 1H 2D-NOESY spectra indicate that there are two conformationally different and energetically similar A-tracts. There is good qualitative agreement between NOESY data and two theoretically derived structures in which A-tracts are reverse Watson-Crick and reverse Hoogsteen base-paired, respectively.
Synthesis of Furfural from Xylose, Xylan, and Biomass Using AlCl3⋅6 H2O in Biphasic Media via Xylose Isomerization to Xylulose (2012)

Furfural was prepared in high yields (75 %) from the reaction of xylose in a water-tetrahydrofuran biphasic medium containing AlCl(3)·6H2O and NaCl under microwave heating at 140 °C. The reaction profile revealed the formation of xylulose as an intermediate en route to the dehydration product (furfural). The reaction under these conditions reached completion in 45 min. The aqueous phase containing AlCl(3)·6H(2)O and NaCl could be recycled multiple times (>5) without any loss of activity or selectivity for furfural. Extension of this biphasic reaction system to include xylan as the starting material afforded furfural in 64 % yield. The use of corn stover, pinewood, switchgrass, and poplar gave furfural in 55, 38, 56, and 64 % yield, respectively, at 160 °C. Even though AlCl(3)·6H(2)O did not affect the conversion of crystalline cellulose, moderate yields of the by-product 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) were noted. The highest HMF yield of 42 % was obtained from pinewood. The coproduction of HMF and furfural from biomass was attributed to the weakening of the cellulose network in the biomass, as a result of hemicellulose hydrolysis. The multifunctional capacity of AlCl(3)·6H(2)O (hemicellulose hydrolysis, xylose isomerization, and xylulose dehydration) in combination with its ease of recyclability make it an attractive candidate/catalyst for the selective synthesis of furfural from various biomass feedstocks.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Two Types of In-Shoe Orthoses in Children with Flexible Excess Pronation of the Feet (2007)

Background: Orthoses for children with flexible excess pronation are estimated to cost Australian parents millions of dollars per year; however, there is no high-level evidence that orthoses improve function or reduce pain. Methods: A randomized parallel, single-blinded, controlled trial of custom-made and ready-made orthoses was conducted in children between the ages of 7 and 11 years with bilateral flexible excess pronation. The diagnosis was based on calcaneal eversion and navicular drop. Outcomes included gross motor proficiency, self-perception, exercise efficiency, and pain. Measurements were taken at baseline, and at 3 and 12 months. Of the 178 children who participated at baseline, 160 continued to the end of the trial. Results: After randomization, baseline characteristics were similar between the three treatment groups (custom-made, ready-made, and control). Statistical modeling demonstrated that although for most outcome measures there were statistically significant trends over time, none of the group comparisons were statistically significant. A sub-group analysis of those presenting with pain found no significant differences at 3 or 12 months. Conclusions: This study found no evidence to justify the use of in-shoe orthoses in the management of flexible excess foot pronation in children.
Activation of cellular interferon-responsive genes after infection of human cells with herpes simplex virus type 1 (2000)

Previous studies have shown that infection of human fibroblasts with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) results in activation of cellular interferon-responsive gene expression. We demonstrate here that infection of human fibroblasts with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in the absence of de novo protein synthesis also induces the expression of interferon-responsive genes. Five genes tested (encoding ISG54, IFI56, ISG15, 9-27 and MxA) were activated by infection with HSV-1, although the degree of response varied between the individual genes. HSV-1 was a less efficient inducer than HCMV. The effect was a consequence of binding of the virus particle to the cell surface or of the presence of virion components within the infected cell. Induction was mediated by a pathway other than the mechanism through which interferon-alpha mediates its effects on cellular gene expression.