gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magneto-Optical Effects (1967)

The general theory of magneto-optical effects is reviewed and it is shown that one can describe these phenomena in terms of a macroscopic dielectric tensor by setting μ=1. This is true even when the microscopic origins of the dielectric constant are magnetic-dipole transitions. For the case of electric-dipole transitions, the dispersive magneto-optical effects (i.e., Faraday or Voigt effects) can be interpreted in terms of an effective Hamiltonian which is related to the macroscopic dielectric tensor in a very simple manner. The form of this effective Hamiltonian follows from symmetry considerations. From the measurements of the magneto-optical effects, one determines the constants of the effective Hamiltonian and from these one can predict the cross section for Raman scattering of light by spin excitations.
Regulation of Intestinal α-Defensin Activation by the Metalloproteinase Matrilysin in Innate Host Defense (1999)

Precursors of alpha-defensin peptides require activation for bactericidal activity. In mouse small intestine, matrilysin colocalized with alpha-defensins (cryptdins) in Paneth cell granules, and in vitro it cleaved the pro segment from cryptdin precursors. Matrilysin-deficient (MAT-/-) mice lacked mature cryptdins and accumulated precursor molecules. Intestinal peptide preparations from MAT-/- mice had decreased antimicrobial activity. Orally administered bacteria survived in greater numbers and were more virulent in MAT-/- mice than in MAT+/+ mice. Thus, matrilysin functions in intestinal mucosal defense by regulating the activity of defensins, which may be a common role for this metalloproteinase in its numerous epithelial sites of expression.
Error performance analysis of multilevel coded asymmetric 8-PSK modulation with multistage decoding and unequal error protection (2002)

In this paper, the error performance of multilevel (block) coded asymmetric 8-PSK modulations with multistage decoding and unequal error protection (UEP) is analyzed. Upper bounds on the corresponding bit error rates (BER) are derived by union bound arguments. Also simpler and tighter approximations are evaluated by considering asymmetries and effective nearest neighbors.
The role of blinatumomab in patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2016)

Adults with relapsed/refractory B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have a complete remission (CR) rate of 20-45% and median overall survival of 3-9 months, depending on the duration of the first remission and number of lines of salvage therapy. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) is the only curative option for adult patients with relapsed/refractory ALL, and achievement of CR is a crucial step before alloHSCT. Blinatumomab is a bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE®) antibody construct with dual specificity for CD19 and CD3, simultaneously binding CD3-positive cytotoxic T cells and CD19-positive B cells, resulting in T-cell-mediated serial lysis of normal and malignant B cells. It recently gained accelerated approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of relapsed/refractory Philadelphia chromosome-negative ALL, based on a large phase II trial of 189 adults with relapsed/refractory B-ALL, which showed a CR/CRh (CR with partial hematologic recovery) of 43% after two cycles of treatment. Toxicities include cytokine-release syndrome (CRS) and neurologic events (encephalopathy, aphasia, and seizure). CRS can be alleviated by step-up dosing and dexamethasone, without affecting the cytotoxic effect of blinatumomab. The cause of neurologic toxicity is unclear but is also observed with other T-cell therapies and may relate to variable expression of CD19 within the brain. This review encompasses the preclinical rationale of using the BITE® class of compounds (blinatumomab being the only one that is FDA approved), with clinical data using blinatumomab in the relapsed/refractory setting (pediatrics and adults), the minimal residual disease setting (adults), as well as Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALL. The review also examines the main adverse events: their prevention, recognition, and management; possible mechanisms of resistance; causes of relapse. It also summarizes future trials evaluating the drug earlier in the treatment course to improve activity.
Photoacoustics and Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (1981)

The recognized leader in the modern development of the field presents both theory and applications. Begins with a historical account, covers gas-phase photoacoustic spectroscopy and detection and the theory of condensed phase photoacoustics, and provides a comprehensive survey of applications, from spectroscopy and chemistry analysis to medical applications and thermal analysis. Treats, for the first time, recent work in high-resolution gas spectroscopy, liquid studies, piezoelectric detection methods, thermal processes, depth profiling, and photoacoustic microscopy.
Temporal decomposition and acoustic-phonetic decoding for the automatic recognition of continuous speech (2003)

Localization is realized using a robust implementation of temporal decomposition, a technique originally proposed for speech coding. Speech is decomposed in terms of overlapping events characterized by spectral targets and time-limited interpolation functions. The spectral targets are evaluated iteratively. An undershot target may be reestimated using neighbors and the associated functions. The possibility of undoing the effects of coarticulation is also suggested. The identification of these corrected targets is therefore possible with no further contextual rules. Applications to speech recognition strategies are discussed. The recognition of spelled surnames (letters of the alphabet) is used for evaluation. The correct recognition of 76% of correct phones is the basis of 70% correct recognition letters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Natural evolution of sleep apnoea syndrome: a five year longitudinal study (1994)

We wanted to investigate the natural evolution of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome (OSAS). We therefore followed 58 patients who refused any treatment at the time of diagnosis. Of the eligible patients 32 subjects enrolled in instrumental follow-up. The effects on daytime somnolence, daytime lung function and nocturnal respiratory disturbances were retrospectively evaluated by repeating Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT), spirometry and polysomnography after a follow-up period of at least 5 years (5.7 +/- 0.2 SEM yrs). In the patient group as a whole the mean Apnoea+Hypopnoea Index (AHI), the mean low arterial oxygen saturation (Sao2) and the mean Body Mass Index (BMI) did not change over time. The only significant differences were the increase in mean duration of apnoeas (21.0 vs 23.5 s) and hypopneas (13.5 vs 16.3 s) and the decrease in AHI < 80% (13.3 vs 7.9). No correlations were found between the changes in AHI or mean low Sao2 and age, BMI, AHI, mean low Sao2, pulmonary function tests or arterial blood gases at baseline. No significant changes were observed in systemic blood pressure, pulmonary function tests, blood gases analysis or MSLT. "Improved" (n = 6) and "worsened" (n = 7) groups were defined by a reduction or increase in AHI over 35% of baseline value. At baseline the "worsened" group tended to have lower AHI and higher mean low Sao2 compared with the "improved" group. In the "worsened" group the BMI rose significantly from 26.0 to 29.2, AHI rose significantly from 14.1 to 51.3 and mean low Sao2 decreased from 92 to 90 (NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Chaperone Hsp27 Modulates AUF1 Proteolysis and AU-Rich Element-Mediated mRNA Degradation (2011)

AUF1 is an AU-rich element (ARE)-binding protein that recruits translation initiation factors, molecular chaperones, and mRNA degradation enzymes to the ARE for mRNA destruction. We recently found chaperone Hsp27 to be an AUF1-associated ARE-binding protein required for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) mRNA degradation in monocytes. Hsp27 is a multifunctional protein that participates in ubiquitination of proteins for their degradation by proteasomes. A variety of extracellular stimuli promote Hsp27 phosphorylation on three serine residues--Ser(15), Ser(78), and Ser(82)-by a number of kinases, including the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) pathway kinases p38 and MK2. Activating either kinase stabilizes ARE mRNAs. Likewise, ectopic expression of phosphomimetic mutant forms of Hsp27 stabilizes reporter ARE mRNAs. Here, we continued to examine the contributions of Hsp27 to mRNA degradation. As AUF1 is ubiquitinated and degraded by proteasomes, we addressed the hypothesis that Hsp27 phosphorylation controls AUF1 levels to modulate ARE mRNA degradation. Indeed, selected phosphomimetic mutants of Hsp27 promote proteolysis of AUF1 in a proteasome-dependent fashion and render ARE mRNAs more stable. Our results suggest that the p38 MAP kinase (MAPK)-MK2-Hsp27 signaling axis may target AUF1 destruction by proteasomes, thereby promoting ARE mRNA stabilization.
Rapid Molecular Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (2006)

Two recent studies using conventional screening methods have demonstrated significant reductions in wound infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) following use of preoperative topical suppression in carriers ([3][1], [5][2]). Analysis of wound infection surveillance in
Integrated microwave photonics (2013)

Microwave photonics (MWP) is an emerging field in which radio frequency (RF) signals are generated, distributed, processed and analyzed using the strength of photonic techniques. It is a technology that enables various functionalities which are not feasible to achieve only in the microwave domain. A particular aspect that recently gains significant interests is the use of photonic integrated circuit (PIC) technology in the MWP field for enhanced functionalities and robustness as well as the reduction of size, weight, cost and power consumption. This article reviews the recent advances in this emerging field which is dubbed as integrated microwave photonics. Key integrated MWP technologies are reviewed and the prospective of the field is discussed.
Recent advances in S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase inhibitors and their potential clinical applications (1999)

S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) hydrolase is a ubiquitous cellular enzyme catalysing the hydrolysis of SAH to adenosine (Ado) and homocysteine (Hcy) in vivo. Due to its central role in regulation of biological methylation reactions, SAH hydrolase has been selected as a therapeutic target for a number of medical indications including antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammation, immunosuppression and plasma Hcy-lowering for prevention or treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The current existing SAH hydrolase inhibitors can be divided into three types based on their mechanisms of enzyme inhibition. The most extensively studied SAH hydrolase inhibitors are Type I inhibitors that inactivate the enzyme in a pseudo-irreversible fashion. With our increased understanding of the biochemical properties and mechanisms of catalysis mediated by SAH hydrolase, the general trend in inhibitor design for SAH hydrolase has been to generate more potent and more specific inhibitors of the enzyme. Some of these inhibitors have been patented as antiviral agents and some as immunosuppressive agents. However, the number of patented SAH hydrolase inhibitors is very limited at the present time. The mechanism for antiviral efficacy is believed to be due to inhibition of viral mRNA methylation, and the mechanism for immunosuppressive efficacy is still not completely understood. Additional knowledge about the structure and the mechanism of catalysis of this enzyme as well as an understanding of the mechanism(s) of cytotoxicity related to enzyme inhibition, may allow for this enzyme to be used as a target for the design of drugs that control diseases ranging from carcinogenesis to viral infections, and from inflammation to atherosclerosis.
Development of the peripheral trigeminal system in the chick revealed by an isotype‐specific anti‐beta‐tubulin monoclonal antibody (1989)

Using a monoclonal antibody directed against a class III beta-tubulin isotype, c beta 4, we studied the time course of the expression of this protein, the morphological differentiation of the immunoreactive cells, and the time course of peripheral axon outgrowth in the chick trigeminal (V) system. The neural crest precursors of the V ganglion neurons do not express the antigen until they begin to differentiate as neurons. The placodal precursors of the V ganglion neurons express the antigen while they still are cuboidal epithelial cells. They continue to be immunoreactive as they migrate from the placode and settle in the ganglion, prior to sprouting axons. The V motoneurons express the antigen near the time of their terminal mitotic division. Using this antibody to visualize axons, we demonstrate that both ganglionic and motoneuron axons grow out as individual fibers, much like pioneer axons. Both halt their extension for several hours once they attain the vicinity of their targets. During this pause many other axons join the nerve bundles. Finally, single pioneer axons split from the main trunk to begin local target innervation.
The focusing positions of polypeptides in immobilized pH gradients can be predicted from their amino acid sequences (1993)

The focusing positions in narrow range immobilized pH gradients of 29 polypeptides of known amino acid sequence were determined under denaturing conditions. The isoelectric points of the proteins calculated from their amino acid sequences matched with good accuracy the experimentally determined pI values. We show the advantages of being able to predict the position of a protein of known structure within a two-dimensional gel.
Optical remote measurement of ultrasound (1999)

During the last decade, significant advances in the field of remote detection of ultrasound have taken place. Optical systems with increasing sensitivity for monitoring ultrasound on samples with optically rough surfaces have been developed, so that some designs are now moving from the research laboratory into industrial environments. In this review, a range of optical techniques is presented. These techniques are analysed regarding their use for the measurement of ultrasonic waves. They include the use of optical self-mixing, phase modulators and photorefraction-based interferometers. For the case of established instruments such as two-beam interferometers and Fabry-Pérot interferometers, various newly developed configurations with associated ultrasonic transfer functions are described. Many interferometers have broadband frequency responses that extend up to several hundred megahertz. Some systems offer in-plane ultrasonic measurement, whilst most offer out-of-plane measurements. Emphasis is placed on their potential for industrial applications, taking into account the likely sample-surface roughness and environmental vibration.
Surgical treatment of acute biceps tendon ruptures with a suture anchor. (1993)

Fixation of acute proximal and distal biceps tendon ruptures can be facilitated by the use of suture anchors. Originally designed for open Bankart procedures, suture anchors provide adequate fixation for soft tissue healing, limit the extent of dissection, reduce the incidence of frozen shoulder and damage to neurovascular structures and allow early postoperative rehabilitation. Four consecutive patients were successfully treated by this method with a minimum follow-up period of 1 year.
Divalent Anionic Doping in Perovskite Solar Cells for Enhanced Chemical Stability (2018)

The chemical stabilities of hybrid perovskite materials demand further improvement toward long-term and large-scale photovoltaic applications. Herein, the enhanced chemical stability of CH<sub>3</sub> NH<sub>3</sub> PbI<sub>3</sub> is reported by doping the divalent anion Se<sup>2-</sup> in the form of PbSe in precursor solutions to enhance the hydrogen-bonding-like interactions between the organic cations and the inorganic framework. As a result, in 100% humidity at 40 °C, the 10% w/w PbSe-doped CH<sub>3</sub> NH<sub>3</sub> PbI<sub>3</sub> films exhibited >140-fold stability improvement over pristine CH<sub>3</sub> NH<sub>3</sub> PbI<sub>3</sub> films. As the PbSe-doped CH<sub>3</sub> NH<sub>3</sub> PbI<sub>3</sub> films maintained the perovskite structure, a top efficiency of 10.4% with 70% retention after 700 h aging in ambient air is achieved with an unencapsulated 10% w/w PbSe:MAPbI<sub>3</sub> -based cell. As a bonus, the incorporated Se<sup>2-</sup> also effectively suppresses iodine diffusion, leading to enhanced chemical stability of the silver electrodes.
Glycosylimidate, 8. Synthese von 1‐Thioglycosiden (1983)

Abstract Das reaktive acetylgeschützte O ‐(α‐ D ‐Glucopyransyl)trichloracetimidat 3 liefert mit S‐Nucleophilen unter Bortrifluorid‐Ether‐Katalyse erwartungsgemäß unter Inversion der Konfiguration ausschließlich 1‐Thio‐β‐ D ‐glucopyranoside. Mit dem entsprechenden benzylgeschützten α‐Trichloracetimidat 4 werden unter Retention der Konfiguration ausschließlich 1‐Thio‐α‐ D ‐glucopyranoside erhalten. Die Bedeutung von Alkyl‐1‐thio‐β‐ D ‐galactopyranosiden zur Enzyminduktion war Anlaß, diese einfache Glycosylübertragung auch zur Synthese von Isopropyl‐1‐thio‐β‐ D ‐galactopyranosid ( 12a ) und des Natriumsalzes von 1‐Thio‐β‐ D ‐galactopyranose ( 12b ) anzuwenden.
Use of a generally applicable tissue factor--dependent factor V assay to detect activated protein C-resistant factor Va in patients receiving warfarin and in patients with a lupus anticoagulant (1995)

The original activated partial thromboplastin time-based assay for activated protein C (APC)-resistant factor Va (FVa) requires carefully prepared fresh plasma and cannot be used in patients receiving warfarin or in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies. A new test is described here that circumvents these limitations and distinguishes without overlap heterozygotes for APC-resistant FVa from persons with normal FV. A diluted test plasma is incubated with an FV-deficient substrate plasma and tissue factor and then clotted with Ca2+ or Ca2+ plus APC. Test results are independent of the FV level or the dilution of the test plasma used. Of 39 controls, 37 gave normal results. Two controls (5%) gave results indicative of APC resistant FVa and on DNA analysis were found to be heterozygous for FV R506Q. Twenty of 21 randomly selected patients receiving warfarin gave normal results. In the single patient with abnormal results, heterozygous FV R506Q was confirmed by DNA analysis. Two of 15 patients with protein S deficiency and 5 of 29 patients with a lupus anticoagulant had abnormal results. APC resistance caused by FV R506Q was confirmed in the five of these seven patients available for DNA analysis. APC-resistant FVa was also detected in 10 of 21 (46%) stored plasma from unrelated patients with venous thrombosis and negative earlier evaluation for a lupus anticoagulant or a deficiency of protein C, protein S, or antithrombin, which confirms a high incidence of this defect among patients with venous thrombosis.
Bacterial Communities on Electron-Beam Pt-Deposited Electrodes in a Mediator-Less Microbial Fuel Cell (2008)

The content of a bacterial consortium found on an electron beam (e-beam) Pt-deposited electrode in a mediator-less microbial fuel cell (MFC) using glucose and glutamate as fuel is reported in this paper. The e-beam Pt-deposited electrode and electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) consortium were developed to improve the mediator-less MFC performance. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and 16S rRNA sequencing were used to identify the EAB consortia. Sequencing results showed that clone ASP-31 was predominant and was similar to Aeromonas hydrophila, an Fe(III)-reducing and EAB. The phylogenetic tree analysis disclosed the presence of gamma-proteobacteria groups such as Aeromonas genus, Enterobacter asburiae, and Klebsiella oxytoca. These results suggest that MFC performance of the e-beam Pt-deposited electrode with Aeromonas genus consortia dominated by A. hydrophila was higher than other MFCs within a short period. With the e-beam Pt-deposited electrode and Aeromonas genus consortia in the mediator-less MFC, it is possible to increase the efficiency of electron transfer between the bacteria and the electrode.
The Influence of Insulin Use on Glycemic Control (2005)

Adults prescribed a specific insulin regimen averaged using 77% of prescribed doses, demonstrating good intention to follow the prescription. However, HbA1c higher than the recommended level suggested that the rate of insulin use, the prescribed regimen, or both were inadequate to achieve good glycemic control in patients with long-term insulin use.
Mouse Ten-m/Odz Is a New Family of Dimeric Type II Transmembrane Proteins Expressed in Many Tissues (1999)

The Drosophila gene ten-m/odz is the only pair rule gene identified to date which is not a transcription factor. In an attempt to analyze the structure and the function of ten-m/odz in mouse, we isolated four murine ten-m cDNAs which code for proteins of 2,700-2, 800 amino acids. All four proteins (Ten-m1-4) lack signal peptides at the NH2 terminus, but contain a short hydrophobic domain characteristic of transmembrane proteins, 300-400 amino acids after the NH2 terminus. About 200 amino acids COOH-terminal to this hydrophobic region are eight consecutive EGF-like domains. Cell transfection, biochemical, and electronmicroscopic studies suggest that Ten-m1 is a dimeric type II transmembrane protein. Expression of fusion proteins composed of the NH2-terminal and hydrophobic domain of ten-m1 attached to the alkaline phosphatase reporter gene resulted in membrane-associated staining of the alkaline phosphatase. Electronmicroscopic and electrophoretic analysis of a secreted form of the extracellular domain of Ten-m1 showed that Ten-m1 is a disulfide-linked dimer and that the dimerization is mediated by EGF-like modules 2 and 5 which contain an odd number of cysteines. Northern blot and immunohistochemical analyses revealed widespread expression of mouse ten-m genes, with most prominent expression in brain. All four ten-m genes can be expressed in variously spliced mRNA isoforms. The extracellular domain of Ten-m1 fused to an alkaline phosphatase reporter bound to specific regions in many tissues which were partially overlapping with the Ten-m1 immunostaining. Far Western assays and electronmicroscopy demonstrated that Ten-m1 can bind to itself.