gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antithrombin and its deficiency states (1992)

Antithrombin is the most important physiological proteinase inhibitor of thrombin and other coagulation proteinases. It is a single chain glycoprotein of MW 58,200 which has sequence homology with alpha 1-antitrypsin and other members of the serpin superfamily of inhibitors. Two functional domains of importance have been identified, the reactive centre that interacts with the proteinase and a heparin binding domain. Failure to maintain an adequate level of functional antithrombin in plasma results in an increased risk of thromboembolism: deficiency can be inherited or acquired. There is still uncertainty regarding the prevalence of inherited deficiency and the prevalence of thrombosis in affected individuals. The production of antithrombin is under the control of a single gene which is localized on chromosome 1q 23-25. Characterization of the coding sequence, which is distributed over seven exons, has allowed the analysis of the molecular basis for inherited antithrombin deficiency. To date more than 100 cases have been successfully investigated at the gene and/or protein sequence level and 40 novel mutations have been identified. Mutations causing amino acid substitutions solely affecting the heparin binding site have thus far been located primarily at the N-terminal region of the molecule, residues 7-129; this region has been postulated to align as a positive groove in the molecule that forms the primary contact region for the essential antithrombin binding pentasaccharide of heparin. Not all the residues in which substitutions have been found are basic and some serve to maintain the conformation of nearby basic regions. Examples of this are provided by the Pro-41 to Leu mutation and a recently investigated mutant, Leu-99 to Phe. The reactive site defects are an interesting group, including those that alter P1, P1' and P12-P10 residues. Perhaps more remote mutations can also be included such as Pro-429 to Leu. The P1 and P1' mutations directly block interaction of the proteinase with anti-thrombin, while P12-P10 mutants (which have mutations affecting serpin strand s4A) enable the substrate reaction to proceed to completion, i.e. the antithrombin-thrombin complex is not stabilized and the mutant inhibitor is transformed into a substrate. The effect of the Pro-429 to Leu substitution is impairment of the reactive site and heparin binding, and the finding that this variant is not completely recognized by some MAbs implies a conformational change at the C terminus. Another group (nine cases) of interesting mutations is emerging, that has its primary defect in or near serpin strand 1C, amino acid sequence 402-407.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Breakpoint diversity illustrates distinct mechanisms for Robertsonian translocation formation (1996)

Robertsonian translocations are the most common chromosomal rearrangements in humans. The vast majority of the ten possible nonhomologous types of Robertsonian translocations ascertained are rob(13q14q) and rob(14q21q). Recombination between homologous sequences on nonhomologous chromosomes has been proposed as a mechanism leading to the preferential formation of rob(13q14q) and rob(14q21q). However, little evidence exists to indicate whether the remaining less common Robertsonian translocations form through a similar mechanism. To better elucidate the mechanisms involved in Robertsonian translocation formation, we have used fluorescence in situ hybridization to localize the breakpoints in 56 nonhomologous Robertsonian translocations. This study revealed highly variable locations of breakpoints in seven types of the less common Robertsonians, while nearly all rob(13q14q) and rob(14q21q) analyzed displayed breakpoints in the same locations. Therefore, this study provides direct evidence that rob(13q14q) and rob(14q21q) form through a specific mechanism, possibly involving homologous recombination, which is distinct from the mechanism(s) that contributes to the formation of the remaining types of Robertsonian translocations.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ANTIBIOTIC COATED SILICONE GRAFTS (1998)

The experimental results presented here suggest that coating silicone graft material with antibiotics, particularly rifampin/minocycline, can reduce the incidence of graft colonization in contaminated wounds in rats, even in the absence of systemic antibiotics. These graft materials may prove useful in preventing the infection of penile prostheses.
Piezoelectric immunosensor for bisphenol A based on signal enhancing step with 2-methacrolyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymeric nanoparticle (2005)

An immunoassay in which BPA competed with a BPA-horseradish peroxidase conjugate for binding to anti-BPA antibodies, coupled to a piezoelectric (PZ) immunosensor, was able to detect 0.1 ng mL(-1) BPA. To enhance the sensitivity of the assay, we tested nanoparticles approximately 200 nm in diameter, coupled to anti-BPA antibodies, to increase the mass change on the surface of the immunosensor and thereby increase the frequency shift detected. This second step, using nanoparticles coated with anti-BPA antibodies, improved the sensitivity of the assay by approximately eight times at BPA concentrations below 10 ng mL(-1). Field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) showed that polymeric 2-methacrolyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) nanoparticles coupled to antibodies remained monodisperse on the surface of the immunosensor and therefore produced stable signals in the immunosensors. Since the frequency shift detected in the assay mainly originated from the mass change on the surface of the PZ crystal, the colloidal stability of the antibody-conjugated particles used in the enhancement step played an extremely important role in achieving a stable and highly sensitive signal.
Flow Boiling in a Micro-Channel Coated With Carbon Nanotubes (2009)

This study examines the heat transfer enhancement attributes of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) applied to the bottom wall of a shallow rectangular micro-channel. Using deionized water as working fluid, experiments were performed with both a bare copper bottom wall and a CNT-coated copper wall. Boiling curves were generated for both walls, aided by high-speed video analysis of interfacial features. CNT arrays promoted earlier, abundant and intense bubble nucleation at low mass velocities, consistent with findings from previous pool boiling studies. However, high mass velocities compromised or eliminated altogether any enhancement in the nucleate boiling region. The enhancement achieved at low mass velocities appears to be the result of deep, near-zero-angle cavities formed by the mesh of CNT arrays. On the other hand, high mass velocities tend to fold the CNTs upon the wall, greatly reducing the depth of the CNT-mesh-induced cavities, and compromising the effectiveness of CNTs at capturing embryos and sustaining the bubble nucleation process. CHF enhancement was also achieved mostly at low mass velocities. It is postulated CNT arrays enhance CHF by increasing the heat transfer area as well as by serving as very high conductivity fins that penetrate into the cooler, bulk liquid flow and take advantage of the liquid subcooling away from the wall. While these mechanisms are prevalent at low velocities, they are both weakened, especially the fin effect, at high mass velocities because of the folding of CNT arrays upon the wall.
The use of alternative lipid emulsions in paediatric and neonatal parenteral nutrition : review article (2011)

Lipid emulsions are an important part of paediatric parenteral nutrition as they provide energy, fat soluble vitamins and are a source of essential fatty acids. Soya bean based oil emulsions have however been identified as one of the major causative factors in the development of PN related cholestasis.
Activation of human neo-plasminogen-Val442 by urokinase and streptokinase and a kinetic characterization of neoplasmin-Val442. (1980)

Raven Press, New York), by urokinase and streptokinase have been examined.Despite the elimination of approximately 60% of the total mass of native plasminogen, in neo-plasminogen-Vab4z, the latter molecule remained a zymogen, with activation capabilities not very different from the native molecule.In addition, the stoichiometric streptokinase neo-plasmin-Va14~ complex served as a very efficient activator of species of plasminogen which were not activated by streptokinase alone.The kinetic properties of neo-plasmin-Val42, produced by activation of neo-plasminogen-Val-* with catalytic levels of urokinase and streptokinase, as well as the stoichiometric streptokinase-neo-plasmin-Val42 complex, were evaluated.The K,,, for No-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester with neo-p1asmin-VaL2 was 4.0 f 0.2 m ~, and the value for the streptokinase-neo-plasmin-VaL, complex was 2.4 f 0.2 m ~.The kc values for this substrate with each enzyme species were 45.0 f 1 .0 and 30.1 k 1.0 s", respectively.The KI value for the competitive inhibitor, benzamidine, was 1.3 f 0.1 m~ for ne~-plasmin-V&~ and 0.5 k 0.05 m~ for its stoichiometric complex with streptokinase.Pre-steady state kinetic studies utilizing p-nitrophenyl-p'-guanidinobenzoate revealed a k, of 0.75 f 0.04 8-l for neo-plasmin-V&rz and 0.57 f 0.04 for the stoichiometric streptokinase neo-pla~min-VaL~~ complex.The corresponding K. values for this substrate were 99.3 f 2.5 PM and 37.2 f 2.0 PM, respectively.Native human plasminogen can be represented as a single chain molecule of molecular weight approximating 92,000 (1-3), and is the plasma protein precursor of the fibrinolytic and fibrinogenolytic enzyme plasmin.In the past several years, very interesting structure-function studies of this zymogen were made possible as a consequence of isolation of lower molecular weight fragments of native plasminogen.Lys-Pg,'
PRESS: PRedictive Elastic ReSource Scaling for cloud systems (2010)

Cloud systems require elastic resource allocation to minimize resource provisioning costs while meeting service level objectives (SLOs). In this paper, we present a novel PRedictive Elastic reSource Scaling (PRESS) scheme for cloud systems. PRESS unobtrusively extracts fine-grained dynamic patterns in application resource demands and adjust their resource allocations automatically. Our approach leverages light-weight signal processing and statistical learning algorithms to achieve online predictions of dynamic application resource requirements. We have implemented the PRESS system on Xen and tested it using RUBiS and an application load trace from Google. Our experiments show that we can achieve good resource prediction accuracy with less than 5% over-estimation error and near zero under-estimation error, and elastic resource scaling can both significantly reduce resource waste and SLO violations.
Studies on Benzoheterocyclic Derivatives. XI. : Synthesis and Pharmacological Actions of Indoline Derivatives. (2) (1971)

In order to examine the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of indoline derivatives, 3-substituted 1-benzylindolin-2-ones were synthesized. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions of 21 of these derivatives were examined by the antiwrithing test in mice and, at the same time, their effect on general behavior and their acute toxicity were also tested. Compounds with strong antiwrithing activity and low toxicity were found in 3-substituted aminomethyl-3-hydroxy compounds.
YK-4-279 Inhibits ERG and ETV1 Mediated Prostate Cancer Cell Invasion (2011)

These data demonstrate that YK-4-279 inhibits ERG and ETV1 biological activity in fusion-positive prostate cancer cells leading to decreased motility and invasion. Therefore, YK-4-279 may have an impact on metastasis in prostate cancer and it may be further evaluated for its clinical applications in prostate cancer in addition to Ewing's sarcoma.
Reconstruction and Validation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae iND750, a Fully Compartmentalized Genome-Scale Metabolic Model (2004)

A fully compartmentalized genome-scale metabolic model of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that accounts for 750 genes and their associated transcripts, proteins, and reactions has been reconstructed and validated. All of the 1149 reactions included in this in silico model are both elementally and charge balanced and have been assigned to one of eight cellular locations (extracellular space, cytosol, mitochondrion, peroxisome, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, or vacuole). When in silico predictions of 4154 growth phenotypes were compared to two published large-scale gene deletion studies, an 83% agreement was found between iND750's predictions and the experimental studies. Analysis of the failure modes showed that false predictions were primarily caused by iND750's limited inclusion of cellular processes outside of metabolism. This study systematically identified inconsistencies in our knowledge of yeast metabolism that require specific further experimental investigation.
Thickness dependence of surface plasmon polariton dispersion in transparent conducting oxide films at 155 μm (2009)

We experimentally demonstrate propagation of surface plasmon polaritons in the near-IR window lambda (1.45 microm,1.59 microm) at the interface of indium-tin-oxide films with different thicknesses deposited on glass. Dispersion of such polaritons is strongly dependent on the film thickness, putting into evidence a regime in which polaritons at both films's interfaces are coupled in surface supermodes. The experimental data are shown to be in good agreement with the analytical model for thin and absorbing conducting films. Measurements on aluminum-doped zinc oxide, characterized by a redshifted plasma resonance, do not show any surface plasmon polariton excitation in the same wavelength window.
Neural Control of Counter-Regulatory Events during Glucopenia in Man (1973)

The effect of autonomic denervation on the metabolic and hormonal responses during intracellular glucopenia in man was investigated. 2-Deoxy-d-glucose (2 DG), a competitive inhibitor of glucose metabolism, was administered intravenously to nine normal volunteers and to five patients, three with complete cervical cord transection (C-6) and two with idiopathic orthostatic hypotension. Before, during, and after a 20 min infusion of 2 DG (50 mg/kg) plasma concentrations of glucose, lactate, FFA, total catecholamines, immunoreactive insulin (IRI), human growth hormone (HGH), and cortisol were determined for periods up to 150 min. In control subjects, the initial elevation of FFA, glucose. HGH, and cortisol corresponded with the rise in total catecholamines, with maximal levels attained at 60 min, lactate rose at a slower rate, reaching peak levels at 150 min: although no change in IRI was noted. In contrast, 2 DG-induced glucopenic stress in the autonomic denervated subjects was characterized by no detectable catecholamine release or significant rise in glucose, FFA, lactate, or IRI. However, HGH and cortisol responses in four of the five patients were of a similar or greater magnitude than controls.These studies demonstrate that the integrity of the sympathoadrenomedullary axis is essential for the counter-regulatory response to intracellular glucopenia in man. Cortisol and HGH have no apparent role in these events.
Inverse Depth Parametrization for Monocular SLAM (2008)

We present a new parametrization for point features within monocular simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) that permits efficient and accurate representation of uncertainty during undelayed initialization and beyond, all within the standard extended Kalman filter (EKF). The key concept is direct parametrization of the inverse depth of features relative to the camera locations from which they were first viewed, which produces measurement equations with a high degree of linearity. Importantly, our parametrization can cope with features over a huge range of depths, even those that are so far from the camera that they present little parallax during motion---maintaining sufficient representative uncertainty that these points retain the opportunity to "come in'' smoothly from infinity if the camera makes larger movements. Feature initialization is undelayed in the sense that even distant features are immediately used to improve camera motion estimates, acting initially as bearing references but not permanently labeled as such. The inverse depth parametrization remains well behaved for features at all stages of SLAM processing, but has the drawback in computational terms that each point is represented by a 6-D state vector as opposed to the standard three of a Euclidean <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">XYZ</i> representation. We show that once the depth estimate of a feature is sufficiently accurate, its representation can safely be converted to the Euclidean <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">XYZ</i> form, and propose a linearity index that allows automatic detection and conversion to maintain maximum efficiency---only low parallax features need be maintained in inverse depth form for long periods. We present a real-time implementation at 30 Hz, where the parametrization is validated in a fully automatic 3-D SLAM system featuring a handheld single camera with no additional sensing. Experiments show robust operation in challenging indoor and outdoor environments with a very large ranges of scene depth, varied motion, and also real time 360 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">deg</sup> loop closing.
Ultrafine particles (1987)

This presentation is a summarized review of the achievements of the ultrafine particle (UFP) project, which was a 5-yr research and development project inaugurated in 1981 by Research and Development Corporation of Japan, a government sponsored organization. Any creative work with regard to UFP’s having diameters in the range of 10 to 1000 Å, was encouraged for the purpose of obtaining new knowledge and basic technology for the future. Four groups, each composed of four or five research staffs, were budgeted at approximately 1.5 billion yen. A high-resolution (∼2 Å) very high vacuum (≲10−6 Pa) multifunctional transmission electron microscope, designed and manufactured for the project, revealed that an UFP (gold &amp;lt;50 Å) under the microscope changed its crystal structure so spontaneously that it should be considered to be in a quasisolid state. Another observation, which was obtained by tangential injection of an electron beam to a UFP, gave pictures of the first lattice layer, a technology which could be valuable for studying surface phenomena and other practical subjects, such as catalytic reactions. One of the possibly valuable techniques developed in the project is the transfer of UFP’s by flowing gas in a fine tube followed by jet formation to deposit the UFP’s on a solid plate. With sufficient jet speed (≳100 m/s), a tight deposit of Ag, Cu, Fe–Ag, TiN–Ni, Pb–Zn, etc., was obtained at a temperature of ≲600 K, exhibiting good homogeneous mixture under x-ray microanalysis. Several other results are presented.
Auto Correction Feedback for Ripple Suppression in a Chopper Amplifier (2010)

This paper proposes a local feedback, named Auto Correction Feedback (ACFB), for a chopper amplifier to suppress its offset related ripple. It nulls out the amplifier's initial offset in DC domain which would otherwise become modulated ripple at the chopper amplifier's output, instead of filtering the ripple with a post filter. The proposed ACFB has been implemented as a stand alone chopper operational amplifier fabricated in 0.64 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> die area with a 0.35 μm standard CMOS process. It achieves 10 μV maximum input offset voltage and 95 nV/rt(Hz) input voltage noise spectrum density flat down to 0.1 Hz, with a 1.8-5.5 V supply voltage range and 13 μA supply current dissipation. When configured in unity-gain, the typical magnitude of the input referred ripple at the chopping frequency is 9.4 μVrms, as a result of 45 dB ripple attenuation obtained by the ACFB. The analysis, the simulation, and the measurement prove there is no noise penalty due to the addition of ACFB.
An Emotion-Based Method to Perform Algorithmic Composition (2013)

The generative music using algorithmic composition techniques has been developed in many years. However it usually lacks of emotion-based mechanism to generate music with specific affective features. In this article the automated music algorithm will be performed based on Prof. Phil Winosr’s “MusicSculptor” software with proper emotion parameter mapping to drive the music content with specific context using various music pa-rameters distribution with different probability control, in order to generate the necessary music emotion automatically. When the emotion scenario varies, the generative music will be logically made via the emotion and context control based on the emotion music classification method. This innovative technique not only generates the emotion music according to the scenario, but also plays the different content of the music every time to make listeners feel “fresh”. The emotion music classification method and the automated music development can be analyzed as the reference for the input of the automated music program. The result shows the proposed method generating music emotions successfully such as happy, angry, sad, and joy, with the correspondent parameter mapping between music and emotion. Although this paper only demonstrates the possibility of emotion-based algorithmic composition, hopefully the proposed idea can be extended to apply into the fields including multimedia and game, to make the background music automatically generated any time according to the context changed by the interaction between human and machine.
Maturation of Intracellular Escherichia coli Communities Requires SurA (2006)

Escherichia coli is the most common cause of community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI). During murine cystitis, uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) utilizes type 1 pili to bind and invade superficial bladder epithelial cells. UPEC then replicates within to form intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs), a process whose genetic determinants are as yet undefined. In this study, we investigated the role of SurA in the UPEC pathogenic cascade. SurA is a periplasmic prolyl isomerase/chaperone that facilitates outer membrane protein biogenesis and pilus assembly in E. coli. Invasion into bladder epithelial cells was disproportionately reduced when surA was genetically disrupted in the UPEC strain UTI89, demonstrating that binding alone is not sufficient for invasion. In a murine cystitis model, UTI89 surA::kan was unable to persist in the urinary tract. Complementation of UTI89 surA::kan with a plasmid (pDH15) containing surA under the control of an arabinose-inducible promoter restored in vivo binding and invasion events. However, the absence of arabinose within the mouse bladder resulted in depletion of SurA after invasion of the bacteria into the superficial epithelial cells. Under these conditions, invasion by UTI89/pDH15 surA::kan was normal, but in contrast to UTI89, UTI89/pDH15 surA::kan formed intracellular collections that contained fewer bacteria, were loosely organized, and lacked the normal transition to a densely packed, coccoid morphology. Our data argue that SurA is required within bladder epithelial cells for UPEC to undergo the morphological changes that underlie IBC maturation and completion of the UTI pathogenic cascade.