gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Polyelectrolytes on the Precipitation of Calcium Carbonate (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of Polyelectrolytes on the Precipitation of Calcium CarbonateForrest V. Williams and Robert A. RuehrweinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 18, 4898–4900Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01575a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01575a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views161Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Field Evaluation of In‐Situ Biodegradation of Chlorinated Ethenes: Part I, Methodology and Field Site Characterization (1990)

Abstract Careful site characterization and implementation of quantitative monitoring methods are prerequisites for a convincing evaluation of enhanced biostimulation for aquifer restoration. This paper describes the characterization of a site at Moffett Naval Air Station, Mountain View, California, and the implementation of a data acquisition system suitable for real‐time monitoring of subsequent aquifer restoration experiments. A shallow, confined aquifer was chosen for the enhanced biodegradation demonstration, and was shown to have suitable hydraulic and geochemical characteristics. Injection and extraction wells were installed at a distance of 6 m, with intermediate monitoring wells at distances of 1, 2.2, and 4 meters from the injection well. Bromide tracer tests revealed travel times of S to 27 hours from the injection well to the various monitoring wells, and 20 to 42 hours from the injection well to the extraction well. Complete breakthrough of the tracer at the monitoring wells was facilitated by choosing a line of wells aligned with the regional flow, and selecting injection and extraction flow rates of approximately 1.5 and 10 liters/min. Transport studies were conducted with selected halogenated organic compounds. The retardation factors were found to range from approximately 2 to 12. The breakthrough responses for the more strongly sorbing compounds, e.g. TCE, exhibited pronounced tailing, such that a minimum period of several weeks was required to achieve complete saturation of the aquifer. The microcomputer‐driven sampling, analysis and data management system provided automated data acquisition at sample intervals of 40 minutes, with coefficients of variation smaller than 20%, and allowed for real‐time surveillance of the dynamic responses. Overall, the conditions were favorable for a quantitative evaluation of in‐situ aquifer restoration by enhanced biodegradation.
Resonant wideband polarizer with single silicon layer (2011)

We present the design, fabrication, and characterization of a guided-mode resonance polarizer operating in the telecommunication band. This polarizer consists of a single one-dimensional silicon grating layer and a glass substrate. The device is designed using inverse mathematical methods and fabricated by thin-film deposition, holographic-interference patterning, and etching. The fabricated polarizer has high transmittance for transverse-magnetic polarization and low transmittance for transverse-electric polarization over a ∼200 nm wavelength range. Its experimental extinction ratio is ∼670:1 at a central wavelength λc=1563 nm. Experimental and theoretical results are in good agreement.
Migraine headache is not associated with cerebral or meningeal vasodilatation—a 3T magnetic resonance angiography study (2008)

Migraine headache is widely believed to be associated with cerebral or meningeal vasodilatation. Human evidence for this hypothesis is lacking. 3 Tesla magnetic resonance angiography (3T MRA) allows for repetitive, non-invasive, sensitive assessment of intracranial vasodilatation and blood flow. Nitroglycerine (NTG) can faithfully induce migraine attacks facilitating pathophysiological studies in migraine. Migraineurs (n = 32) randomly received NTG (IV 0.5 microg/kg/min for 20 min; n = 27) or placebo (n = 5; for blinding reasons). Using 3T MRA, we measured: (i) blood flow in the basilar (BA) and internal carotid arteries (ICA) and (ii) diameters of the middle meningeal, external carotid, ICA, middle cerebral, BA and posterior cerebral arteries at three timepoints: (a) at baseline, outside an attack; (b) during infusion of NTG or placebo and (c) during a provoked attack or, if no attack had occurred, at 6 h after infusion. Migraine headache was provoked in 20/27 (74%) migraineurs who received NTG, but in none of the five patients who received placebo. The headache occurred between 1.5 h and 5.5 h after infusion and was unilateral in 18/20 (90%) responders. During NTG (but not placebo) infusion, there was a transient 6.7-30.3% vasodilatation (P < 0.01) of all blood vessels. During migraine, blood vessel diameters were no different from baseline, nor between headache and non-headache sides. There were no changes in BA and ICA blood flow during either NTG infusion or migraine. In contrast to widespread belief, migraine attacks are not associated with vasodilatation of cerebral or meningeal blood vessels. Future anti-migraine drugs may not require vasoconstrictor action.
Soluble and particulate methane monooxygenase gene clusters of the type I methanotroph Methylovulum miyakonense  HT12 (2010)

The gene clusters encoding soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) and particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) were cloned and sequenced from a new type I methanotroph, Methylovulum miyakonense HT12. The sMMO gene cluster consisted of the structural genes mmoXYBZDC, the regulatory genes mmoG and mmoR and another ORF orf1. Transcriptional analysis revealed that these sMMO genes were transcribed as a single unit from a σ(54) -dependent promoter located upstream of mmoX. In the pMMO gene cluster, the pmoCAB operon was under the control of a σ(70) -dependent promoter. The organization of each MMO operon was largely conserved with that of the previously described methanotrophs. However, unlike other methanotrophs, M. miyakonense HT12 harbored only a single copy of the pmoCAB gene. These data provide new insights into the structure of MMO genes.
Back to the Future:Knowledge Light Case Base Cookery (2021)

The domain of cookery has been of interest for Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) research for many years since the CHEF case-based planning system in the mid 1980s. This paper returns to look at this domain, emphasising a knowledge-light approach. Our approach focuses on; the design of a structured case representation which encapsulates the details of a recipe, on leveraging WordNet for identifying food items and the relationships between them, and on using Active Learning to assist in labelling recipes with meal and cuisine types. Users can search for recipes by specifying the ingredients they wish to include in, or exclude from, the recipe and optionally specifying the type of meal and/or cui- sine they are interested in. Recipes are retrieved based on a weighted similarity of the ingredients, the meal and/or cuisine types (if specified) and the textual similarity between the query and specific elds of the recipe text. The system includes substitution adaptation where a recipe can be recommended with a replacement ingredient, where appropriate.
(Invited) Selective Area Growth of InP on On-Axis Si(001) Substrates with Low Antiphase Boundary Formation (2011)

We discuss the selective epitaxial growth of InP on patterned Si (001) substrates with Shallow Trench Isolation using a thin Ge buffer to facilitate InP nucleation. The main focus is the defect formation mechanism during epitaxial growth and to develop solutions to reduce defect density so that device-quality III-V virtual substrates can be realized on large-scale Si substrates. We compare the InP growth on on-axis and off-axis Si substrates. In the case of off-axis wafers, the formation of stacking faults / twins cannot be avoided, at least not at one of the four STI side-walls. The formation of antiphase domain boundaries is reduced (but not yet completely eliminated) by engineering the local Ge surface profile. Further, the high density of Ge surface steps promotes step-flow growth mode instead of 3D growth during the growth of the InP seed layer. Finally, high aspect ratios (&gt;2) allow to confine threading dislocations in the bottom of the trench.
Differential Effects on Allele Selective Silencing of Mutant Huntingtin by Two Stereoisomers of α,β-Constrained Nucleic Acid (2014)

We describe the effects of introducing two epimers of neutral backbone α,β-constrained nucleic acid (CNA) on the activity and allele selectivity profile of RNase H active antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) targeting a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) for the treatment of Huntington's disease (HD). ASOs modified with both isomers of α,β-CNA in the gap region showed good activity versus the mutant allele, but one isomer showed improved selectivity versus the wild-type allele. Analysis of the human RNase H cleavage patterns of α,β-CNA modified ASOs versus matched and mismatched RNA revealed that both isomers support RNase H cleavage on the RNA strand across from the site of incorporation in the ASO--an unusual observation for a neutral linkage oligonucleotide modification. Interestingly, ASOs modified with (R)- and (S)-5'-hydroxyethyl DNA (RHE and SHE respectively) formed by partial hydrolysis of the dioxaphosphorinane ring system in α,β-CNA also showed good activity versus the mutant allele but an improved selectivity profile was observed for the RHE modified ASO. Our observations further support the profiling of neutral and 5'-modified nucleic acid analogs as tools for gene silencing applications.
Modulation and Functional Involvement of CB2 Peripheral Cannabinoid Receptors During B-Cell Differentiation (1998)

Two subtypes of G-protein–coupled cannabinoid receptors have been identified to date: the CB1 central receptor subtype, which is mainly expressed in the brain, and the CB2 peripheral receptor subtype, which appears particularly abundant in the immune system. We investigated the expression of CB2 receptors in leukocytes using anti-CB2 receptor immunopurified polyclonal antibodies. We showed that peripheral blood and tonsillar B cells were the leukocyte subsets expressing the highest amount of CB2 receptor proteins. Dual-color confocal microscopy performed on tonsillar tissues showed a marked expression of CB2 receptors in mantle zones of secondary follicles, whereas germinal centers (GC) were weakly stained, suggesting a modulation of this receptor during the differentiation stages from virgin B lymphocytes to memory B cells. Indeed, we showed a clear downregulation of CB2 receptor expression during B-cell differentiation both at transcript and protein levels. The lowest expression was observed in GC proliferating centroblasts. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of the cannabinoid agonist CP55,940 on the CD40-mediated proliferation of both virgin and GC B-cell subsets. We found that CP55,940 enhanced the proliferation of both subsets and that this enhancement was blocked by the CB2 receptor antagonist SR 144528 but not by the CB1 receptor antagonist SR 141716. Finally, we observed that CB2 receptors were dramatically upregulated in both B-cell subsets during the first 24 hours of CD40-mediated activation. These data strongly support an involvement of CB2 receptors during B-cell differentiation.
Generation of a nested series of interstitial deletions in yeast artificial chromosomes carrying human DNA. (1991)

We have generated a nested series of interstitial deletions in a fragment of human X chromosome-derived DNA cloned into a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) vector. A yeast strain carrying the YAC was transformed with a linear recombination substrate containing at one end a sequence that is uniquely represented on the YAC and at the other end a truncated long interspersed repetitive element (LINE 1, or L1). Homologous recombination between the YAC and the input DNA resulted in a nested series of interstitial deletions, the largest of which was 500 kilobases. In combination with terminal deletions that can be generated through homologous recombination, the interstitial deletions are useful for mapping and studying gene structure-function relationships.
CARBON NANOTUBES: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FOR A NULL RISK OF SKIN IRRITATION AND ALLERGY (2001)

Fullerene soot with a high content of single-wall carbon nanotubes was tested to assess its potential biochemical activity. The results of dermatological trials did not show any signs of health hazard related to skin irritation and allergic risks.
REDUCTION OFN-HYDROXYLATED COMPOUNDS: AMIDOXIMES (N-HYDROXYAMIDINES) AS PRO-DRUGS OF AMIDINES (2002)

In order to examine the importance of metabolic cycles and in particular of reductions of N-hydroxylated compounds, the reversible metabolism at the amidine, guanidine, and amidinohydrazone nitrogen atoms of various drugs and model compounds was investigated. Many of these N-oxygenated metabolites are very easily reduced back into the starting materials. A comparison of the kinetic data for the N-hydroxylation and reduction suggests that the reduction should predominate in vivo. This could be verified by in vivo studies. Thus, N-hydroxylated amidines (amidoximes) can be used as pro-drugs of amidines. Because of their strong basicity, amidines, guanidines, and amidinohydrazones are protonated under physiological conditions, are very hydrophilic, and are usually not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The N-hydroxylated derivatives of amidines (amidoximes), guanidines (N-hydroxyamidines), and amidinohydrazones (N-hydroxyamidinohydrazones) are less basic because of the introduction of the oxygen atom. They are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and then reduced to the active amidines, guanidines, and amidinohydrazones. The pro-drug principle was originally developed in our laboratory for pentamidine and then applied to other amidines such as sibrafiban and melagatran (ximelagatran). The enzymatic basis of N-oxidative processes is very well understood, whereas reductions have been less extensively investigated. We purified an enzyme system from pig and human liver consisting of cytochrome b5, its reductase, and a P450 enzyme, which is involved in the reduction of the N-hydroxylated compounds. Similar activities were found in all species studied so far. Furthermore, comparable reductive reactions could also be demonstrated with microsomal fractions from organs other than liver. In addition, mitochondria are highly capable of performing the reductions of these N-hydroxylated compounds. Thus, several organs and cell organelles are involved in the reduction explaining the extensive reduction of the pro-drugs in vivo underlying the suitability of the concept for drug development.
A lymphotropic prodrug of L-dopa: synthesis, pharmacological properties and pharmacokinetic behavior of 1,3-dihexadecanoyl-2-[(S)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]propane-1,2,3-triol (1986)

A glyceride derivative of L-Dopa, 1,3-dihexadecanoyl-2-[(S)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propan oyl] propane-1,2,3-triol (1), was synthesized and tested as an orally administrable prodrug endowed with lymphotropic properties. In the oxotremorine and reserpine tests, 1 exhibited an anti-Parkinsonian activity of longer duration than L-Dopa. The time course of concentration of 1 in the intestinal lymph of rat was determined and compared to that of L-Dopa. The results clearly demonstrate that 1 is selectively absorbed from the intestinal tract by the lymphatic route without any chemical or enzymatic degradation. In the blood of rats and mice, 1 functions as a prodrug to release L-Dopa by hydrolysis. In comparison with L-Dopa itself, higher L-Dopa levels for a longer period of time were observed as well as much more favorable L-Dopa/dopamine ratios. Ultimately, studies using mice show that the administration of 1 brings about a prolonged increase of L-Dopa and dopamine levels in the brain, without initial transient peak in concentration observed after an equimolecular dose of L-Dopa.
Successful Treatment of Cerebral Aspergillosis with a High Oral Dose of Itraconazole after Excisional Surgery. (1999)

We report a case of cerebral aspergillosis which originated from the sphenoid sinus, and involved a progressive decrease of visual acuity. The neurological signs indicated a cavernous sinus invasion. After extensive intracranial surgery we treated the residual aspergillosis with a high oral dose of itraconazole (800 mg/d for 4 months, followed by 400 mg/d for 5 months). The neurological impairments of the patient gradually subsided with the resolution of the fungal lesion shown on MRI. The successful therapy indicated that itraconazole has a significant role in the treatment of advanced cerebral aspergillosis if it is used in high doses (16 mg/kg/d for adults).
Augmented repair and early mobilization of acute anterior cruciate ligament injuries (1992)

This paper describes a technique for repair of the anterior cruciate ligament with protection of that repair by a synthetic augmentation device. Of 61 patients who underwent surgery 24 to 57 months (mean, 38.3) before data accumulation, 57 returned for followup. Subjectively, 53 (93%) patients reported a good or excellent functional result; however, only 29 (51%) of the patients returned to their preinjury sports level. Objectively, a radiographic Lachman test was performed on both the injured and the noninjured knee of all 57 patients. The preoperative mean difference between the knees was 8.6 mm (range, 4.6 to 17.2) and at followup it was 2.4 mm (range, -0.9 to 11.8). Radiographic abduction and adduction stress tests demonstrated stable healing of the (unrepaired) collateral ligament lesions (varus stress = 0.1 mm and valgus stress = 0.4 mm mean side-to-side difference), indicating that suturing of ruptured collateral ligaments is not necessary when the knee is centrally stabilized with the augmentation device. These results indicate that successful repair of the anterior cruciate ligament is frequently possible when enhanced with an augmentation device.
Detection and characterization of filterable heterotrophic bacteria from rural groundwater supplies (2001)

We have determined the presence of small-sized HPC bacteria in ground water that may go undetected when using standard porosity membrane filters for water quality analyses. Further study is needed to assess the significance and possible health risk associated with presence of filterable bacteria in drinking water supplies from groundwater sources.
Diffusion‐weighted MRI (DWI) in the oncology patient: Value of breathhold DWI compared to unenhanced and gadolinium‐enhanced MRI (2007)

DWI is feasible in a single breathhold and provides additional clinically important information in oncology patients when added to routine abdominal MR sequences.
Lipoprotein-matrix interactions in macrovascular disease in diabetes (2004)

The retention of atherogenic lipoproteins in the artery wall through their interactions with the arterial extracellular matrix is a critical step in the development of atherosclerosis, as outlined in the 'response to retention' hypothesis. Lipoprotein retention by vascular proteoglycans is thought to be the principle means of lipoprotein retention, although lipoprotein binding to other components of the extracellular matrix has been reported. The interactions of lipoproteins and proteoglycans can be direct through ionic interactions between the negatively charged glycosaminoglycan chains of proteoglycans and positively charged residues of apolipoproteins B and E, or can be mediated through bridging molecules such as lipoprotein lipase. Retention of atherogenic lipoproteins within the artery wall environment leads to pathophysiologically important modifications of the lipoproteins, including oxidation. Oxidation of lipoproteins leads to increased uptake by macrophages, leading to the formation of foam cells. This article reviews the scientific evidence in support of the response to retention hypothesis, with a specific focus on the effects of diabetes to modify lipoprotein retention.
The L6 gene for flax rust resistance is related to the Arabidopsis bacterial resistance gene RPS2 and the tobacco viral resistance gene N. (1995)

The L6 rust resistance gene from flax was cloned after tagging with the maize transposable element Activator. The gene is predicted to encode two products of 1294 and 705 amino acids that result from alternatively spliced transcripts. The longer product is similar to the products of two other plant disease resistance genes, the tobacco mosaic virus resistance gene N of tobacco and the bacterial resistance gene RPS2 of Arabidopsis. The similarity involves the presence of a nucleotide (ATP/GTP) binding site and several other amino acid motifs of unknown function in the N-terminal half of the polypeptides and a leucine-rich region in the C-terminal half. The truncated product of L6, which lacks most of the leucine-rich C-terminal region, is similar to the truncated product that is predicted from an alternative transcript of the N gene. The L6, N, and RPS2 genes, which control resistance to three widely different pathogen types, are the foundation of a class of plant disease resistance genes that can be referred to as nucleotide binding site/leucine-rich repeat resistance genes.
Dynamic fine-grained scheduling for energy-efficient main-memory queries (2014)

Power and cooling costs are some of the highest costs in data centers today, which make improvement in energy efficiency crucial. Energy efficiency is also a major design point for chips that power whole ranges of computing devices. One important goal in this area is energy proportionality, arguing that the system's power consumption should be proportional to its performance. Currently, a major trend among server processors, which stems from the design of chips for mobile devices, is the inclusion of advanced power management techniques, such as dynamic voltage-frequency scaling, clock gating, and turbo modes.