gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural Characterization and Expression of the Human Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfotransferase Gene (1995)

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase catalyzes the transformation of dehydroepiandrosterone to dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, the most abundant steroid in circulation in the human and primate. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate serves as precursor for the formation of active androgens and estrogens in peripheral target tissues. In addition, blockade at the dehydroepiandrosterone level could give raise to high level of DHEA and thus disorders due to mild excess of androgen. Recently, the cDNA encoding dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase has been isolated from a human liver cDNA library. To study the regulation and expression, as well as the possible defect linked to DHEA sulfotransferase gene, we have isolated and characterized its structure by screening a lambda EMBL3 library of human leukocyte genomic DNA using human dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase cDNA as a probe. Sequencing of the gene shows that it is included in approximately 17 kb and contains six exons separated by five introns. Northern blot analysis shows a strong signal in the adrenals and liver, whereas no signal was detected in the spleen, thymus, prostate, testis, ovary, small intestine, colon, peripheral blood leukocytes, heart, brain, placenta, lung, skeletal muscle, kidney, or pancreas. Using primer extension analysis, the transcription start site is located at nucleotide 98 upstream from the ATG initiating codon. Putative TATA and CAAT boxes are situated at positions 72 and 96 upstream from the transcription start site, respectively. Using DNA from a panel of human/rodent somatic cell hybrids, and amplification of the gene by the polymerase chain reaction, the human dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase gene has been assigned to chromosome 19.
MICROPROPAGATION OF CAPSICUM ANNUUM L (2007)

An efficient micropropagation protocol was developed for Capsicum annuum L. cv. 'Morok Amuba', an ornamental chilli cultivar using shoo-tip and axillary shoot-tip explants. Multiple shoot buds were induced from shoot-tip explants on MS medium containing cytokinins alone or in combination with IAA. A maximum number of shoot buds was induced on MS medium containing 10 mg/l Zea followed by 5 mg/l BAP in combination with 1 mg/l IAA. Rooting and elongation of the shoot buds were achieved on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l IAA or IBA. Axillary shoots were induced on the rooted plantlets by decapitation and the axillary shoot-tips explants were used for further induction of shoot buds by culturing them on a medium containing combinations of BAP with IAA. The shoot buds were rooted on a medium containing 0.5 mg/l IBA. The plantlets showed 80-90% survival during transplantation.
Rational Design of Orthogonal Receptor–Ligand Combinations (1995)

A novel approach to understanding protein–ligand interactions is illustrated using the immunophilin receptor human cyclophilin A and its immunosuppressive ligand cyclosporin A. Synthetic chemistry is used to place “bumps” on the ligand, while site‐directed mutagenesis is used to create compensatory “holes” in the receptor. These novel receptor–ligand combinations can have an affinity even greater than that of the natural system, and are expected to facilitate the inducible dimerization of target proteins, and thus the activation of signaling proteins, in transgenic animals.
Delivery of the Cre recombinase by a self-deleting lentiviral vector: Efficient gene targeting in vivo (2001)

The Cre recombinase (Cre) from bacteriophage P1 is an important tool for genetic engineering in mammalian cells. We constructed lentiviral vectors that efficiently deliver Cre in vitro and in vivo. Surprisingly, we found a significant reduction in proliferation and an accumulation in the G(2)/M phase of Cre-expressing cells. To minimize the toxic effect of Cre, we designed a lentiviral vector that integrates into the host genome, expresses Cre in the target cell, and is subsequently deleted from the genome in a Cre-dependent manner. Thus, the activity of Cre terminates its own expression (self-deleting). We showed efficient modification of target genes in vitro and in the brain after transduction with the self-deleting vectors. In contrast to sustained Cre expression, transient expression of Cre from the self-deleting vector induced significantly less cytotoxicity. Such a self-deleting Cre vector is a promising tool for the induction of conditional gene modifications with minimal Cre toxicity in vivo.
Transgenic Animal Models in Biomedical Research (2006)

Transgenic animals have become a key tool in functional genomics to generate models for human diseases and validate new drugs. Transgenesis includes the addition of foreign genetic information to animals and specific inhibition of endogenous gene expression. Recently, animal models provided novel insight and significantly improved our understanding of the initiation and perpetuation of human diseases. Moreover, they are an invaluable tool for target discovery, validation, and production of therapeutic proteins. However, despite the generation of several transgenic and knockout models, obtaining relevant models still faces several theoretical and technical challenges. Indeed, genes of interest are not always available and gene addition or inactivation sometimes does not allow clear conclusions because of the intrinsic complexity of living organisms or the redundancy of some metabolic pathways. In addition to homologous recombination, endogenous gene expression can be specifically inhibited using several mechanisms such as RNA interference. Here, some animal models are described to illustrate their importance in biomedical research. Moreover, guidelines for generation of these animals are presented.
The non-glycemic effects of incretin therapies on cardiovascular outcomes, cognitive function and bone health (2014)

The incretin therapies, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors, have been developed to lower blood glucose levels in patients with Type 2 diabetes. However, in addition to being a treatment strategy to improve metabolic control, incretin therapies have shown effects independent of glycemic control, including the potential to positively impact cardiovascular events, cognitive deficits and bone mineral density. This paper outlines the non-glycemic effects of incretin therapies on cardiovascular disease, cognitive function and bone health.
Gla-domainless factor Xa: molecular bait to bypass a blocked tenase complex (2012)

As Gla-domainless factor Xa was able to restore thrombin generation in plasma from hemophilia patients, our results suggest that it may be an effective alternative to current treatments for hemophilia with or without an inhibitor.
Sleep disturbances in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (2009)

These findings support the hypothesis that sleep disturbances are one of the core non-cognitive symptoms of MCI. It remains to be known whether sleep problems could help to identify those individuals with MCI who will eventually develop dementia. Studies characterizing sleep more systematically are needed to verify this proposition and to clarify the associations between sleep disturbances and other neuropsychiatric symptoms of MCI.
A fully dissociated compound of plant origin for inflammatory gene repression (2005)

The identification of selective glucocorticoid receptor (GR) modifiers, which separate transactivation and transrepression properties, represents an important research goal for steroid pharmacology. Although the gene-activating properties of GR are mainly associated with undesirable side effects, its negative interference with the activity of transcription factors, such as NF-kappaB, greatly contributes to its antiinflammatory and immune-suppressive capacities. In the present study, we found that Compound A (CpdA), a plant-derived phenyl aziridine precursor, although not belonging to the steroidal class of GR-binding ligands, does mediate gene-inhibitory effects by activating GR. We demonstrate that CpdA exerts an antiinflammatory potential by down-modulating TNF-induced proinflammatory gene expression, such as IL-6 and E-selectin, but, interestingly, does not at all enhance glucocorticoid response element-driven genes or induce GR binding to glucocorticoid response element-dependent genes in vivo. We further show that the specific gene-repressive effect of CpdA depends on the presence of functional GR, displaying a differential phosphorylation status with CpdA as compared with dexamethasone treatment. The antiinflammatory mechanism involves both a reduction of the in vivo DNA-binding activity of p65 as well as an interference with the transactivation potential of NF-kappaB. Finally, we present evidence that CpdA is as effective as dexamethasone in counteracting acute inflammation in vivo and does not cause a hyperglycemic side effect. Taken together, this compound may be a lead compound of a class of antiinflammatory agents with fully dissociated properties and might thus hold great potential for therapeutic use.
Toward to smart world: self awareness/adaptive traffic signal control system (2006)

The intelligent and self-adaptive urban traffic signal control (TSC) system has become a development trend of intelligent transportation system (ITS). The most city dwellers are concerned with the urban traffic issues very much. So, to provide a self awareness and adaptive facilities in traffic signal control system is become more and more urgent. However, many roadway and traffic applications have not been tapped: primarily sensor networks for highway and traffic algorithms that alleviate generic problems such as roadway congestion. This is due to the fact that sensor network technology (as well as imagers and microradars) is a very recent development. Since sensor networks are relatively new, not many applications have been explored in depth. In this paper, we proposed a self awareness and adaptive urban traffic signal control (TSC) system that could provide both the video surveillance and the traffic surveillance as smart hyperspace. We investigated the vision-based surveillance and to keep sight of the unpredictable and hardly measurable disturbances may perturb the traffic flow. We integrated and performed the vision-based methodologies that include the object segmentation, classify and tracking methodologies to know well the real time measurements in urban road. According to the real time traffic measurement, we derived a grid Agent Communication and the Adaptive Traffic Signal Control strategy to adapt the traffic signal time automatically. By comparing the experimental result obtained by traditional traffic signal control system which improves the traffic queuing situation, we confirmed the efficiency of our vision based smart TSC approach.
JANUS WEDGES: a new approach towards nucleobase-pair recognition (1996)

The two-faced JANUS-type heterocycles 1a and 1b are designed to recognize a cytosine–uracil mismatched basepair by insertion in a wedge-like fashion between the bases to give a triad motif utilizing the maximum number of Watson–Crick interactions, as shown by 1H NMR spectroscopic studies.
Preclinical efficacy of sepantronium bromide (YM155) in multiple myeloma is conferred by down regulation of Mcl-1 (2014)

The inhibitor-of-apoptosis family member survivin has been reported to inhibit apoptosis and regulate mitosis and cytokinesis. In multiple myeloma, survivin has been described to be involved in downstream sequelae of various therapeutic agents. We assessed 1093 samples from previously untreated patients, including two independent cohorts of 392 and 701 patients, respectively. Survivin expression was associated with cell proliferation, adverse prognostic markers, and inferior event-free and overall survival, supporting the evaluation of survivin as a therapeutic target in myeloma. The small molecule suppressant of survivin--YM155--is in clinical development for the treatment of solid tumors. YM155 potently inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in primary myeloma cells and cell lines. Gene expression and protein profiling revealed the critical roles of IL6/STAT3-signaling and the unfolded protein response in the efficacy of YM155. Both pathways converged to down regulate anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 in myeloma cells. Conversely, growth inhibition and apoptotic cell death by YM155 was rescued by ectopic expression of Mcl-1 but not survivin, identifying Mcl-1 as the pivotal downstream target of YM155 in multiple myeloma. Mcl-1 expression was likewise associated with adverse prognostic markers, and inferior survival. Our results strongly support the clinical evaluation of YM155 in patients with multiple myeloma.
pVAC-Seq: A genome-guided in silico approach to identifying tumor neoantigens (2016)

Cancer immunotherapy has gained significant momentum from recent clinical successes of checkpoint blockade inhibition. Massively parallel sequence analysis suggests a connection between mutational load and response to this class of therapy. Methods to identify which tumor-specific mutant peptides (neoantigens) can elicit anti-tumor T cell immunity are needed to improve predictions of checkpoint therapy response and to identify targets for vaccines and adoptive T cell therapies. Here, we present a flexible, streamlined computational workflow for identification of personalized Variant Antigens by Cancer Sequencing (pVAC-Seq) that integrates tumor mutation and expression data (DNA- and RNA-Seq). pVAC-Seq is available at https://github.com/griffithlab/pVAC-Seq .
Pharmacokinetics (1982)

This book is based on research papers and commentaries on pharmacokinetic methods and applications published since 1975. It offers detailed examinations of new developments in the pharmacokinetic field with enhanced clarity of presentation and simplified organization.
Ichthyophthiriasis in the mirror carp Cyprinus carpio (L.) V. Acquired immunity* (1974)

Mirror carp ( Cyprinus carpio L.) infected with sublethal doses of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis , were free of parasites 21 days after infection. Fish remained free of parasites for at least 8 months when maintained in an infective environment. Such fish were refractory to reinfection with numbers of parasites that killed all normal, previously unexposed fish. Serum from fish recovered from previous infections with sublethal doses of parasites, immobilized free‐swimming stages of I. multifiliis to a dilution of up to 1: 1024. The rise in serum‐immobilization titre occurred between the 10th and 22nd days of infection, the period during which parasites disappeared from the body surface of the fish. Infective stages of the parasite were unable to penetrate the mucus body covering of resistant fish.
Transient stabilization of multimachine power systems with nontrivial transfer conductances (2005)

We provide a solution to the long-standing problem of transient stabilization of multimachine power systems with nonnegligible transfer conductances. More specifically, we consider the full 3n-dimensional model of the n-generator system with lossy transmission lines and loads and prove the existence of a nonlinear static state feedback law for the generator excitation field that ensures asymptotic stability of the operating point with a well-defined estimate of the domain of attraction provided by a bona fide Lyapunov function. To design the control law we apply the recently introduced interconnection and damping assignment passivity-based control methodology that endows the closed-loop system with a port-controlled Hamiltonian structure with desired total energy function. The latter consists of terms akin to kinetic and potential energies, thus has a clear physical interpretation. Our derivations underscore the deleterious effects of resistive elements which, as is well known, hamper the assignment of simple "gradient" energy functions and compel us to include nonstandard cross terms. A key step in the construction is the modification of the energy transfer between the electrical and the mechanical parts of the system which is obtained via the introduction of state-modulated interconnections that play the role of multipliers in classical passivity theory.
A DCT domain visible watermarking technique for images (2002)

The growth of computer networks has boosted the growth of the information technology sector to a greater extent. There is a trend to move from conventional libraries to digital libraries. In digital libraries images and text are made available through the Internet for scholarly research. At the same time care is taken to prevent the unauthorized use of the images commercially. In some cases the observer is encouraged to patronize the institution that owns the material. To satisfy both these needs simultaneously the owner needs to use visible watermarking. Visible watermarking is a type of digital watermarking used for protection of publicly available images. We describe a visible watermarking scheme that is applied into the host image in the DCT domain. A mathematical model has been developed for this purpose. We also propose a modification of the algorithm to make the watermark more robust.
Cyclic dermorphin tetrapeptide analogues obtained via ring-closing metathesis. (2006)

The dermorphin-derived cyclic tetrapeptide analogues H-Tyr-c[D-Cys-Phe-Cys]NH(2) and H-Tyr-c[D-Cys-Phe-D-Cys]NH(2) are opioid agonists at the mu and delta receptor. To enhance the metabolic stability of these peptides, we replaced the disulfide bridge with a bis-methylene moiety. This was achieved by solid-phase synthesis of the linear precursor peptide containing allylglycine residues in place of the Cys residues, followed by ring-closing metathesis. In the case of the peptide with L-configuration in the 4-position both the cis and the trans isomer of the resulting olefinic peptides were formed, whereas the cis isomer only was obtained with the peptide having the D-configuration in position 4. Catalytic hydrogenation yielded the saturated -CH(2)-CH(2)- bridged peptides. In comparison with the cystine-containing parent peptides, all olefinic peptides showed significantly reduced mu and delta agonist potencies in the guinea pig ileum and mouse vas deferens assays. The -CH(2)-CH(2)-bridged peptide with l-configuration in the 4-position was equipotent with its cystine-containing parent in both assays, whereas the bis-methylene analogue with D-configuration in position 4 was 10-27-fold less potent compared to its parent. The effect of the disulfide replacements with the -CH=CH- and -CH(2)-CH(2)- moieties on the conformational behavior of these peptides was examined by theoretical conformational analysis which provided plausible explanations in terms of structural parameters for the observed changes in opioid activity.
Herstellung von 1, 3‐Diketonen und von Nitro‐diketonen durch (1:1)‐Acylierungen von Lithiumenolaten mit Acylchloriden (1981)

Preparation of 1,3‐Diketones and of Nitro‐diketones by (1:1)‐Acylation of Lithium Enolates with Acyl Chlorides Slow addition of precooled solutions of lithium enolates in THF (Fig. 1) to solutions of equimolar amounts of acyl chlorides in the same solvent at temperatures between − 80 and − 100° furnishes 1, 3‐diketones in acceptable to good yields (Tables 1−3) . Even 3‐nitropropionyl and 4‐nitrobutyryl chloride can be employed for the (1:1)‐acylation of enolates to give the synthetically useful 5‐ and 6‐nitro‐1, 3‐diketones 13 and 25 , respectively. The scope and the limitations of this method of preparing 1, 3‐diketones are given and are compared with alternative methods.
Analysis of stimulation-G protein subunit coupling by using active insulin-like growth factor II receptor peptide. (1991)

The peptide Arg2410-Lys2423 (peptide 14) of the human insulin-like growth factor II/mannose 6-phosphate receptor directly activates Gi-2, a GTP-binding protein (G protein), and is responsible for Gi-2 activating function of the receptor. To characterize the basic mechanism of couplings between receptor stimulation and subunits of G proteins, we constructed a system consisting of peptide 14 and alpha and beta gamma subunits of Gi-2 in aqueous solution. Peptide 14 significantly increased the rate of guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate binding to isolated Gi-2 alpha from 0.50 +/- 0.03 (mean +/- SE; n = 3) to 0.75 +/- 0.02 mol per mol of Gi-2 alpha per 3 min (n = 3) at 100 microM. In this system, G beta gamma does dependently potentiated the peptide 14 action on Gi-2 alpha; and G beta gamma-induced potentiation reached saturation at a concentration comparable to that of Gi-2 alpha. An antibody specific for the C-terminal decapeptide of Gi-2 alpha reduce peptide 14-stimulated GDP release from Gi-2 to the basal level. This simplified system indicates that (i) the receptor sequence directly interacts with isolated Gi-2 alpha at its C-terminal region and (ii) G beta gamma potentiates the stimulation-G alpha coupling in a stoichiometrical manner for G alpha.
Germline and Somatic Transformation of Mating Tetrahymena thermophila by Particle Bombardment (1997)

Mating Tetrahymena thermophila were bombarded with ribosomal DNA-coated particles at various times in development. Both macronuclear and micronuclear transformants were recovered. Optimal developmental stages for transformation occurred during meiosis for the micronucleus and during anlagen formation for the macronucleus. Evidence is given for transient retention of the introduced plasmid. Genetic and molecular tests confirmed that sexually heritable transformation was associated with integration at the homologous site in the recipient micronuclear chromosome.
IL-2: The First Effective Immunotherapy for Human Cancer (2014)

The ability of IL-2 to expand T cells with maintenance of functional activity has been translated into the first reproducible effective human cancer immunotherapies. The administration of IL-2 can lead to durable, complete, and apparently curative regressions in patients with metastatic melanoma and renal cancer. The growth of large numbers of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with in vitro anti-cancer activity in IL-2 has led to the development of cell transfer therapies that are highly effective in patients with melanoma. The genetic modification of T cells with genes encoding αβ TCRs or chimeric Ag receptors and the administration of these cells after expansion in IL-2 have extended effective cell transfer therapy to other cancer types.
Biocidal Activity of a Light-Absorbing Fluorescent Conjugated Polyelectrolyte (2005)

Herein we describe studies that indicate a cationic conjugated polyelectrolyte shows biocidal activity against gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, E. coli, BL21, with plasmids for Azurin and ampicillin resistance) and gram-positive bacterial spores (Bacillus anthracis, Sterne, B. anthracis, Sterne). These studies were carried out with aqueous suspensions of the conjugated polyelectrolyte, with the polyelectrolyte in supported formats and with samples in which the conjugated polyelectrolyte was coated on the bacteria. The results are interesting in that the biocidal activity is light-induced and appears effective due to the ability of the conjugated polyelectrolyte to form a surface coating on both types of bacteria. The effects observed here should be general and suggest that a range of conjugated polyelectrolytes in different formulations may provide a useful new class of biocides for both dark and light-activated applications.
Synthetic self-propelled nanorotors (2004)

Self-powered completely synthetic nanorotors have been prepared from barcoded gold-nickel nanorods having the gold end anchored to the surface of a silicon wafer; constant velocity circular movements are observed when hydrogen peroxide fuel is catalytically decomposed to oxygen at the unattached nickel end of the nanorod.
Area-based Policy Evaluation (2005)

Formal urban policies in Britain date from the late 1960s and, over the last three decades, policy has placed great faith in area-based initiatives (ABIs) as a mechanism to tackle the problems associated with dereliction and deprivation in the large ex-industrial towns and cities of Britain...