gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Web Watcher: A Tour Guide for the World Wide Web. (1997)

We explore the notion of a tour guide software agent for assisting users browsing the World Wide Web. A Web tour guide agent provides assistance similar to that provided by ahuman tour guide in a museum -- it guides the user along an appropriate path through the collection, based on its knowledge of the user&amp;apos;s interests, of the location and relevance of various items in the collection, and of the way in which others have interacted with the collection in the past. This paper describes a simple but operational tour guide, called Web-Watcher, which has given over 5000 tours to people browsing CMU&amp;apos;s School of Computer Science Web pages. WebWatcher accompanies users from page to page, suggests appropriate hyperlinks, and learns from experience to improve its advice-giving skills. We describe the learning algorithms used by WebWatcher, experimental results showing their effectiveness, and lessons learned from this case study in Web tour guide agents.
Polyamine-based chemotherapy of cancer (1999)

Controlling cancer growth by interfering with its cellular uncontrolled DNA replication is a rational and sound approach for treating this disease. DNA is stabilised by the hydrogen bonding and electrostatic forces provided by DNA-bound polyamines. Targeting the latter is therefore synonymous with targeting cancer growth. This was achieved by: a) designing inhibitors of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the inducible enzyme that is mainly responsible for increasing the intracellular pools of polyamines; b) designing inhibitors of extracellular polyamine active transport into the cells; c) synthesis of analogues of spermine, the main DNA-bound and tRNA-bound polyamine; the analogues displace the natural polyamines from the nucleic acids, and alter cell cycling; d) designing synthetic analogues of spermine with restricted conformations. The introduction of restriction in the free rotation around the single bonds in a flexible molecule, such as spermine, results in a spatial rigidity that introduces bends and kinks at the binding sites. Thus, the introduction of alicyclic groups enhances the cytotoxicity of the lineal analogues. The cyclopropyl derivatives are more cytotoxic than the cyclobutyl derivatives, and the latter are more efficacious than the cyclopentane derivatives. In the unsaturated series the cis-isomers are more cytotoxic than the trans-isomers. By combining the therapies based on a) and b) with an appropriate polyamine-free diet, promising results were obtained in controlling cancer growth. An analogue resulting from approach c) is in Phase II clinical trials; and several analogues created by approach d) exhibit powerful cytotoxic effects in vivo. Polyamine derivatives will undoubtedly provide new arrows for the quiver of oncologic drugs.
Potent and Selective Thrombin Inhibitors Incorporating the Constrained Arginine Mimic l-3-Piperidyl(N-guanidino)alanine at P1 (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUELetterNEXTPotent and Selective Thrombin Inhibitors Incorporating the Constrained Arginine Mimic l-3-Piperidyl(N-guanidino)alanine at P1Odile E. Levy, J. Edward Semple, Michael L. Lim, John Reiner, William E. Rote, Erin Dempsey, Brigitte M. Richard, Erli Zhang, Al Tulinsky, William C. Ripka, and Ruth F. NuttView Author Information Corvas International, Inc., 3030 Science Park Road, San Diego, California 92121-1102, and Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39, 23, 4527–4530Publication Date (Web):November 8, 1996Publication History Received23 August 1996Published online8 November 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm960607jhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm960607jrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views377Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Amides,Inhibitors,Molecular structure,Peptides and proteins,Selectivity Get e-Alerts
Recursive Block Coding--A New Approach to Transform Coding (1986)

The concept of fast KL transform coding introduced earlier [7], [8] for first-order Markov processes and certain random fields has been extended to higher order autoregressive (AR) sequences and practical images yielding what we call recursive block coding (RBC) algorithms. In general, the rate-distortion performance for these algorithms is significantly superior to that of the conventional block KL transform algorithm. Moreover, these algorithms permit the use of small size transforms, thereby removing the need for fast transforms and making the hardware implementation of such coders more appealing. This improved performance has been verified for practical image data and results in suppression of the block-boundary effect commonly observed in traditional transform coding techniques. This is illustrated by comparing RBC with cosine transform coding using both one- and twodimensional algorithms. Examples of RBC encoded images at various rates are given.
CD40-ligand (CD154) gene therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2000)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells can be made to express recombinant CD40-ligand (CD154) by transduction with a replication-defective adenovirus vector (Ad-CD154). Ad-CD154–transduced and bystander leukemia cells become highly effective antigen-presenting cells that can induce CLL-specific autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro. This study investigated the immunologic and clinical responses to infusion of autologous Ad-CD154-CLL cells in patients with CLL. After a one-time bolus infusion of autologous Ad-CD154–transduced leukemia cells, there was increased or de novo expression of immune accessory molecules on bystander, noninfected CLL cells in vivo. Treated patients also developed high plasma levels of interleukin-12 and interferon-γ, the magnitudes of which corresponded to absolute blood CD4+T-cell counts before therapy. On average, patients experienced a greater than 240% increase in absolute blood T-cell counts within 1 to 4 weeks of treatment. Moreover, treatment increased the numbers of leukemia-specific T cells, demonstrated by autologous ELISPOT assay and mixed lymphocyte reactions. These biologic effects were associated with reductions in leukemia cell counts and lymph node size. Treatment did not induce autoimmune thrombocytopenia or hemolytic anemia and no dose-limiting toxicity was observed. This approach may provide a novel and effective form of gene therapy for patients with this disease.
A Novel Enzyme,L-Tryptophan Oxidase, from a Basidiomycete,Coprinussp. SF-1: Purification and Characterization (2000)

A basidiomycete, Coprinus sp. SF-1, was found to produce an L-Trp-oxidizing enzyme by screening from the culture collection of our laboratory. After solubilization by 1 M NaSCN from the particulate fraction of disrupted cells of the strain, the enzyme was purified about 76-fold to essential homogeneity. The enzyme had a molecular mass of about 420 kDa and the subunit molecular mass was 68 kDa. The enzyme contained 1 mol of non-covalently bound FAD per mol of the subunit. It catalyzed the simultaneous reactions of oxidative deamination and oxygenative decarboxylation of L-Trp to form indolepyruvic acid and indole-3-acetamide, the former of which was further oxidized to indole-3-acetic acid. The molar ratio of the respective reaction products was about 9:1. The enzyme specifically oxidized L-Trp, and slightly acted on L-Phe and L-Tyr. The Km for L-Trp was about 0.5 mM in both oxidase and oxygenase reactions. Thus, the enzyme is a novel one and was tentatively designated "L-Trp oxidase (deaminating and decarboxylating)". The optimum pHs of oxidase and oxygenase activities were 7.0 and 9.0, respectively. The optimum temperatures of both activities were 50 degrees C. The enzyme was stable at pH 6.0-10.5 and below 50 degrees C, and at 4 degrees C for 1 year.
Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling during Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transformation: Implications for Embryogenesis and Tumor Metastasis (2005)

The molecular mechanisms of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) have long been studied to gain a greater understanding of this distinct change in cellular morphology. Early studies of the developing embryo have designated the involvement of Wnt signaling in EMT, through an activated complex of the lymphoid-enhancing factor-1 (LEF-1) transcription factor and the cell adhesion molecule beta-catenin. However, more recent studies have implicated a significant role of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) in causing EMT in both development and pathology. The ability of TGF-beta isoforms to signal through a variety of molecules such as Smads, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) creates an incredible complexity as to their role in this transition. Here we assess the biochemical signaling pathways of TGF-beta and their potential cross-interaction with traditional Wnt signaling molecules to bring about EMT during embryogenesis and tumor metastasis.
A novel class of CoA-transferase involved in short-chain fatty acid metabolism in butyrate-producing human colonic bacteria (2005)

Bacterial butyryl-CoA CoA-transferase activity plays a key role in butyrate formation in the human colon, but the enzyme and corresponding gene responsible for this activity have not previously been identified. A novel CoA-transferase gene is described from the colonic bacterium Roseburia sp. A2-183, with similarity to acetyl-CoA hydrolase as well as 4-hydroxybutyrate CoA-transferase sequences. The gene product, overexpressed in an Escherichia coli lysate, showed activity with butyryl-CoA and to a lesser degree propionyl-CoA in the presence of acetate. Butyrate, propionate, isobutyrate and valerate competed with acetate as the co-substrate. Despite the sequence similarity to 4-hydroxybutyrate CoA-transferases, 4-hydroxybutyrate did not compete with acetate as the co-substrate. Thus the CoA-transferase preferentially uses butyryl-CoA as substrate. Similar genes were identified in other butyrate-producing human gut bacteria from clostridial clusters IV and XIVa, while other candidate CoA-transferases for butyrate formation could not be detected in Roseburia sp. A2-183. This suggests strongly that the newly identified group of CoA-transferases described here plays a key role in butyrate formation in the human colon.
Physiological and clinical aspects (1992)

The proceedings of a conference which aims to provide an up-to-date overview of current research in the nitric oxide field. This first volume covers nitric oxide research relating to the cardiovascular, central and peripheral nervous system, as well as clinical data.
A system for ultrasonic beacon-guidance of catheters and other minimally-invasive medical devices (1997)

Catheters and other interventional medical devices are presently guided by X-ray imaging, despite the advantages of ultrasound imaging over X-ray imaging in cost, safety, and availability. X-ray imaging is used because ultrasound reflects specularly from catheters and similar devices; their visibility is highly angle-dependent. With an omni-directional receiver mounted on a device, the receiver's location in the ultrasound image can be deduced from knowing which acoustic ray struck the receiver and the time from transmission of the imaging pulse to its reception by the receiver. This information is independent of specular reflection. The location of the device can then be indicated in the ultrasound image by an arrow pointing to the sensor, making possible ultrasound guidance of these devices. This paper describes the technical and practical considerations in the design and construction of the device-mounted receiver and associated electronics, and describes some clinical uses.
Genetic variants of serum albumin in Americans and Japanese. (1991)

A collaborative search for albumin genetic variants (alloalbumins) was undertaken by cellulose acetate and agarose electrophoresis at pH 8.6 of the sera of patients at two major medical centers in the United States and of nearly 20,000 blood donors in Japan. Seventeen instances of alloalbuminemia were ascertained, and seven different alloalbumin types were characterized by structural study. Two previously unreported alloalbumin types were identified. In one type, which was present in a Caucasian family and designated Iowa City-1, aspartic acid at position 365 was replaced by valine (365 Asp----Val); this is the second reported mutation at this position. The other type present in a Japanese blood donor had the mutation 128 His----Arg. An unexpected finding was the presence in a single Japanese of a Naskapi-type alloalbumin (372 Lys----Glu), a variant that had previously been described only for certain Amerindian tribes in whom it occurs with a polymorphic frequency (greater than 1%) and in Eti Turks. An arginyl-albumin (-1 Arg, 1 Asp----Val) occurred in an American family. The other alloalbumin types identified were proalbumins Lille and Christchurch and albumin B that have a cumulative frequency of about 1:3500 in Caucasians probably because of the hypermutability of CpG dinucleotides at the mutated sites. All of the variants characterized in this study are point mutants, and the sites are spread throughout the albumin gene. However, about one-fourth of all known albumin mutations are clustered in the sequence segment from position 354 through 382.
Hemodialysis graft salvage. (1994)

Hemodialysis access procedures account for a large percentage of patients undergoing surgical treatment. Salvage procedures are frequently used to extend the life of a thrombosed graft and thereby maximize the limited available access sites. Factors that may influence the success of salvage procedures, as well as the financial risk to benefit comparison, may be of increasing importance in the era of aggressive medical cost containment. The charts of 70 patients who underwent 116 thrombectomies or revisions of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) hemodialysis arteriovenous grafts of the upper extremity for thrombosis were retrospectively analyzed. Patency of salvaged grafts by life-table analysis was 75.0 percent at two days, 45.0 percent at 30 days, 18.0 percent at 120 days and 2.5 percent at one year. Patency was 59 and 25 percent for revised grafts at 30 and 120 days, respectively, versus 30 and 10 percent at the same time intervals for thrombectomized grafts only. Minimum combined operative and hospital costs were $4,350 per salvage attempt. Salvage patency of PTFE dialysis grafts of the upper extremity was dismal, especially when thrombectomy alone was used. No specific patient factors were predictive of patency interval. Based upon these results, we cannot continue to recommend graft thrombectomy alone for thrombosed dialysis grafts. Because the poor results with graft revision as well, placement of a new graft without any attempt at salvage may be the best therapeutic and cost-effective option.
The Soluble Sema Domain of the RON Receptor Inhibits Macrophage-stimulating Protein-induced Receptor Activation (2004)

RON is a receptor tyrosine kinase of the MET family that is involved in cell proliferation, cell survival, and cell motility in both normal and disease states. Macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP) is the RON ligand whose binding to RON causes receptor activation. RON is a trans-membrane heterodimer comprised of one alpha- and one beta-chain originating from a single-chain precursor and held together by several disulfide bonds. The intracellular part of RON contains the kinase domain and regulatory elements. The extracellular region is characterized by the presence of a sema domain (a stretch of approximately 500 amino acids with several highly conserved cysteine residues), a PSI (plexin, semaphorins, integrins) domain, and four immunoglobulin-like folds. Here we show that a soluble, secreted molecule representing the sema domain of RON (referred to as ron-sema) has a dominant negative effect on the ligand-induced receptor activation and is capable of inhibiting RON-dependent signaling pathways and cellular responses. Results suggest that the sema domain of RON participates in ligand binding by the full-length receptor. The ability of ron-sema to suppress growth of MSP-responsive cells in culture, including cancer cells, points to a potential therapeutic use of this molecule, and forced expression of it could potentially be used as a gene therapy tool for treating MSP-dependent types of cancer.
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor, KDR, correlates with vascularity, metastasis, and proliferation of human colon cancer. (1995)

We studied the correlation between expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and their receptors with vascularity, metastasis, and proliferative index of human colon cancers. Immunohistochemical analyses using antibodies against VEGF, bFGF, their receptors (KDR, flt-1, bek, and flg), factor VIII, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were carried out on archival specimens of 52 human colon carcinomas and 10 adenomas. Vessels were quantitated by light microscopy (x200), and the intensity of staining for VEGF and bFGF was assessed on a scale of 0-3+. The presence or absence of immunostaining for KDR, flt-1, bek, and flg was evaluated in endothelial cells, and proliferation was determined by counting the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells per 500 tumor cells. Expression of VEGF and KDR was higher in metastatic than in nonmetastatic neoplasms and directly correlated with the extent of neovascularization and the degree of proliferation, whereas expression of bFGF, flt-1, bek, and flg did not differ among tumor types. Vessel counts were greater in metastatic tumors than in nonmetastatic tumors. These findings support the hypothesis that VEGF is an important angiogenic factor in primary and metastatic human colon cancer. VEGF expression and vessel counts may aid in predicting patients at risk for metastasis from colon cancer.
TREATMENT OF PSORIASIS WITH UNDECYLENIC ACID BY MOUTH (1951)

The clinical course of psoriasis has been recognized and described since the time of Celsus, but the cause of the disease still remains unknown. Psoriasis has been attributed to faulty metabolism of both proteins and fats, to parasitic and bacterial infections, to neurogenic disorders, to vitamin deficiency, and to dysfunction of the endocrine glands. A relationship with the arthritides has long been suspected. All these factors seemingly are unrelated, and treatments directed against them have given variable results. There has been no one drug or individual method of treatment that will cure psoriasis or even afford control of the disease in all cases with any degree of certainty. Because of the frequency with which the disease is encountered and the large problem that it presents, the announcement of a new remedy for psoriasis always arouses interest, and so Perlman's<sup>1</sup>first report on the peroral use of undecylenic acid for
New .alpha.-amino phosphonic acid derivatives of vinblastine: chemistry and antitumor activity (1991)

A series of new amino phosphonic acid derivatives of vinblastine (1, VLB) has been synthesized and tested in vitro and in vivo for antitumor activity. The compounds were obtained from O4-deacetyl-VLB azide. All of the new products studied were capable of inhibiting tubulin polymerization in vitro. The most potent antitumor compounds bore an alkyl substituent on the phosphonate. In these compounds, the anti-tumor activity strongly depended on the stereochemistry of the phosphonate. The phosphonate (1S)-[1-[( O4-deacetyl-3-de(methoxycarbonyl)vincaleukoblastin-3-yl] carbonyl]amino]-2-methylpropyl]phosphonic acid diethyl ester exhibited a remarkable activity against cancer cell lines both in vitro and in vivo.
Application of Nanoparticles in Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Critical Review of Recent Progress (2017)

The injected fluids in secondary processes supplement the natural energy present in the reservoir to displace oil. The recovery efficiency mainly depends on the mechanism of pressure maintenance. However, the injected fluids in tertiary or enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes interact with the reservoir rock/oil system. Thus, EOR techniques are receiving substantial attention worldwide as the available oil resources are declining. However, some challenges, such as low sweep efficiency, high costs and potential formation damage, still hinder the further application of these EOR technologies. Current studies on nanoparticles are seen as potential solutions to most of the challenges associated with these traditional EOR techniques. This paper provides an overview of the latest studies about the use of nanoparticles to enhance oil recovery and paves the way for researchers who are interested in the integration of these progresses. The first part of this paper addresses studies about the major EOR mechanisms of nanoparticles used in the forms of nanofluids, nanoemulsions and nanocatalysts, including disjoining pressure, viscosity increase of injection fluids, preventing asphaltene precipitation, wettability alteration and interfacial tension reduction. This part is followed by a review of the most important research regarding various novel nano-assisted EOR methods where nanoparticles are used to target various existing thermal, chemical and gas methods. Finally, this review identifies the challenges and opportunities for future study regarding application of nanoparticles in EOR processes.
Luminescent biscarbene iridium(iii) complexes as living cell imaging reagents (2013)

Five iridium(III) complexes with two N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands and an ancillary ligand have been designed and successfully synthesized. With multicolor photoluminescence and low toxicity, these carbene complexes were tested, for the first time, as living cell imaging reagents and showed promise for application beyond the OLED (organic light emitting diode) area.