gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth and characterization of doped GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well structures on Si substrates for infrared detection (1989)

Doped GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well structures were grown on Si substrates by molecular-beam epitaxy. The crystallinity of the epitaxial layers was examined by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and an x-ray rocking curve technique. The threading dislocation density of the multiple quantum well region was estimated to be 108 cm–2 by transmission electron microscopy. The x-ray rocking curve measurement revealed a full width at half-maximum of 380 arcsec, with no superlattice peak observed. Electrical and optical characterizations by tunneling current and intersubband infrared absorption showed comparable properties with similar structures grown directly on a GaAs substrate. The effect of crystallinity on the electrical and optical properties of the multiple quantum well structures is discussed.
Raman microscopy mapping for the purity assessment of chirality enriched carbon nanotube networks in thin-film transistors (2015)

With recent improvements in carbon nanotube separation methods, the accurate determination of residual metallic carbon nanotubes in a purified nanotube sample is important, particularly for those interested in using semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in electronic device applications such as thin-film transistors (TFTs). This work demonstrates that Raman microscopy mapping is a powerful characterization tool for quantifying residual metallic carbon nanotubes present in highly enriched semiconducting nanotube networks. Raman mapping correlates well with absorption spectroscopy, yet it provides greater differentiation in purity. Electrical data from TFTs with channel lengths of 2.5 and 5 µm demonstrate the utility of the method. By comparing samples with nominal purities of 99.0% and 99.8%, a clear differentiation can be made when evaluating the current on/off ratio as a function of channel length, and thus the Raman mapping method provides a means to guide device fabrication by correlating SWCNT network density and purity with TFT channel scaling.
A single amino acid substitution in a hydrophobic domain causes temperature-sensitive cell-surface transport of a mutant viral glycoprotein (1985)

DNA sequences were determined for three cDNA clones encoding vesicular stomatitis virus glycoproteins from the tsO45 mutant (which encodes a glycoprotein that exhibits temperature-sensitive cell-surface transport), the wild-type parent strain, and a spontaneous revertant of tsO45. The DNA sequence analysis showed that as many as three amino acid changes could be responsible for the transport defect. By recombining the cDNA clones in vitro and expressing the recombinants in COS cells, we were able to trace the critical lesion in tsO45 to a single substitution of a polar amino acid (serine) for a hydrophobic amino acid (phenylalanine) in a hydrophobic domain. We suggest that this nonconservative substitution may block protein transport by causing protein denaturation at the nonpermissive temperature. Comparison of the predicted glycoprotein sequences from two vesicular stomatitis virus strains suggests a possible basis for the differential carbohydrate requirement in transport of the two glycoproteins.
Beneficial effects of long-term intravenous iron therapy with ferric carboxymaltose in patients with symptomatic heart failure and iron deficiency (2014)

Treatment of symptomatic, iron-deficient HF patients with FCM over a 1-year period resulted in sustainable improvement in functional capacity, symptoms, and QoL and may be associated with risk reduction of hospitalization for worsening HF (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01453608).
Milk immunoglobulins and complement factors (2000)

The importance of colostrum for the growth and health of newborn offspring is well known. In bovine colostrum, the antibody (immunoglobulin) complement system provides a major antimicrobial effect against a wide range of microbes and confers passive immunity until the calf's own immune system has matured. Bovine serum and lacteal secretions contain three major classes of immunoglobulins: IgG, IgM and IgA. The immunoglobulins are selectively transported from the serum into the mammary gland, as a result of which the first colostrum contains very high concentrations of immunoglobulins (40-200 mg/ml). IgG1 accounts for over 75 % of the immunoglobulins in colostral whey, followed by IgM, IgA and IgG2. All these immunoglobulins decrease within a few days to a total immunoglobulin concentration of 0.7-1.0 mg/ml, with IgG1 representing the major Ig class in milk throughout the lactation period. Together with the antibodies absorbed from colostrum after birth, the complement system plays a crucial role in the passive immunisation of the newborn calf. The occurrence of haemolytic or bactericidal complement activity in bovine colostrum and milk has been demonstrated in several studies. This review deals with the characteristics of bovine Igs and the complement system to be exploited as potential ingredients for health-promoting functional foods.
A highly discriminating octoplex short tandem repeat polymerase chain reaction system suitable for human individual identification (1995)

Through the use of fluorescence-based polymerase chain reaction systems, a highly discriminating multiplex with the potential for individual identification has been developed. The use of multiple dye technology enabling loci with overlapping size ranges to be co-amplified has enabled us to successfully amplify seven tetranucleotide short tandem repeat loci within a single reaction resulting in a discriminating power in the region of 1 x 10(9). Three out of the seven loci employed exhibit alleles differing in size by only 2 bp as opposed to the conventional 4 bp, which results in such loci being more powerful in terms of distinguishing between samples, particularly when co-amplified in this manner. The size ranges of the loci contained within the system are such that windows still exist for the inclusion of additional loci at a later stage, which could increase the discriminating power of the system still further. In addition, further weight and utility is lent to the system through the incorporation of a simple and reliable sex test involving the amplification of a segment of the X-Y homologous gene Amelogenin.
Vitality's Back - a Dilemma Framework for Leaders (2002)

Report presented illustrates the application of role theory in developing a leadership development framework. A leadership framework developed based on five dimensions such as vision, relationship, power, credibility and vitality is discussed along with the related leadership role and dilemma.
Use of Butyl-2-Cyanoacrylate in Rabbit Auricular Cartilage (1985)

Since the nonsuture repair of blood vessels with methyl-2-cyanoacrylate was described in 1960, the advantages of a tissue adhesive over conventional sutures became evident. A survey of 115 otolaryngology programs showed that cyanoacrylates, mainly butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (B2C), are used more extensively than indicated in the literature. Cartilage grafts are commonly used in facial plastic procedures. In a study comparing B2C with conventional suture techniques in securing rabbit auricular cartilage autografts, sutures were used in the left control ear and B2C was used in the right experimental ear. Rabbits sacrificed at two weeks to 12 months showed graft viability in all samples and no statistically significant histologic difference between the grafts secured by either method.
Fermentative Production of Hypoxanthine Derivatives (1961)

Journal Article Fermentative Production of Hypoxanthine Derivatives Get access Kazuo Uchida, Kazuo Uchida Microbial Laboratory, Yamasa Shôyu Co. Ltd., Choshi, Chiba Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Akira Kuninaka, Akira Kuninaka Microbial Laboratory, Yamasa Shôyu Co. Ltd., Choshi, Chiba Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hiroshi Yoshino, Hiroshi Yoshino Microbial Laboratory, Yamasa Shôyu Co. Ltd., Choshi, Chiba Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Masajiro Kibi Masajiro Kibi Microbial Laboratory, Yamasa Shôyu Co. Ltd., Choshi, Chiba Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 25, Issue 10, 1 October 1961, Pages 804–805, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1961.10857882 Published: 01 October 1961 Article history Received: 19 September 1961 Published: 01 October 1961
Microenvironmental niche divergence shapes BRCA1-dysregulated ovarian cancer morphological plasticity (2018)

How tumor microenvironmental forces shape plasticity of cancer cell morphology is poorly understood. Here, we conduct automated histology image and spatial statistical analyses in 514 high grade serous ovarian samples to define cancer morphological diversification within the spatial context of the microenvironment. Tumor spatial zones, where cancer cell nuclei diversify in shape, are mapped in each tumor. Integration of this spatially explicit analysis with omics and clinical data reveals a relationship between morphological diversification and the dysregulation of DNA repair, loss of nuclear integrity, and increased disease mortality. Within the Immunoreactive subtype, spatial analysis further reveals significantly lower lymphocytic infiltration within diversified zones compared with other tumor zones, suggesting that even immune-hot tumors contain cells capable of immune escape. Our findings support a model whereby a subpopulation of morphologically plastic cancer cells with dysregulated DNA repair promotes ovarian cancer progression through positive selection by immune evasion.
Sound radiation from convex and concave domes in an infinite baffle (1981)

The sound radiation from convex and concave rigid diaphragms represented by portions of a spherical surface was investigated for the purpose of modeling a direct radiator loudspeaker. Pressure responses, radiation impedances, directivity patterns, and some other characteristics were obtained and compared with those of a circular flat diaphragm of the same radius. While the on axis pressure response of the rigid flat piston remains constant, the response of the convex dome decreases for about ka?1.0 as the height of the dome increases. The concave dome has a wide smooth peak around ka=1.5 and several peaks and dips for larger values of ka. The radiation resistance of the convex dome increases by the rate of 12 dB/oct or less up to ka=2.0 and remains constant in the higher frequency regions. On the other hand, the radiation resistance of the concave dome has its largest peak at the frequency corresponding to the peak of sound pressure response. The directivity patterns of either the convex or concave dome do not have minima with zero sound pressure and their radiation patterns are generally wider than those of the circular plate. All these results are well explained by the energy flow and pressure distribution near the radiator.
Granulostasis: Protein Quality Control of RNP Granules (2017)

Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules transport, store, or degrade messenger RNAs, thereby indirectly regulating protein synthesis. Normally, RNP granules are highly dynamic compartments. However, because of aging or severe environmental stress, RNP granules, in particular stress granules (SGs), convert into solid, aggregate-like inclusions. There is increasing evidence that such RNA-protein inclusions are associated with several age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), fronto-temporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus, understanding what triggers the conversion of RNP granules into aggregates and identifying the cellular players that control RNP granules will be critical to develop treatments for these diseases. In this review article, we discuss recent insight into RNP and SG formation. More specifically, we examine the evidence for liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) as an organizing principle of RNP granules and the role of aggregation-prone RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) in this process. We further discuss recent findings that liquid-like SGs can sequester misfolded proteins, which promote an aberrant conversion of liquid SGs into solid aggregates. Importantly, very recent studies show that a specific protein quality control (PQC) process prevents the accumulation of misfolding-prone proteins in SGs and, by doing so, maintains the dynamic state of SGs. This quality control process has been referred to as granulostasis and it relies on the specific action of the HSPB8-BAG3-HSP70 complex. Additional players such as p97/valosin containing protein (VCP) and other molecular chaperones (e.g., HSPB1) participate, directly or indirectly, in granulostasis, and ensure the timely elimination of defective ribosomal products and other misfolded proteins from SGs. Finally, we discuss recent findings that, in the stress recovery phase, SGs are preferentially disassembled with the assistance of chaperones, and we discuss evidence for a back-up system that targets aberrant SGs to the aggresome for autophagy-mediated clearance. Altogether the findings discussed here provide evidence for an intricate network of interactions between RNP granules and various components of the PQC machinery. Molecular chaperones in particular are emerging as key players that control the composition and dynamics of RNP granules, which may be important to protect against age-related diseases.
Genetic regulation of a structural polymorphism of human C3b receptor. (1983)

Two forms of the human C3b receptor (C3bR), which have relative molecular weights (Mr) of 250,000 and 260,000 and are designated F and S, respectively, have been identified in specific immunoprecipitates from erythrocytes and leukocytes by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Both forms of the receptor were visualized on gels by autoradiography of 125I-labeled antigen and by silver nitrate staining. Individual donors expressed one of three possible patterns of C3bR, either the F or S form alone or both, and these patterns represented stable phenotypic characteristics of their erythrocytes and polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocytes. Removal of N-linked oligosaccharides by endoglycosidase-F treatment decreased the Mr of both forms but did not abolish the difference in their electrophoretic mobilities. That both forms of the receptor were functional was indicated by the capacity of all antigenic C3bR sites on erythrocytes from individuals having any of the three phenotypes to bind dimeric C3b with affinities ranging from 3 to 5 X 10(7) M-1. Analyses of the occurrence of the F and S forms of C3bR in 76 individuals from 15 families revealed that this polymorphism was regulated by two alleles transmitted in an autosomal codominant manner. Of 111 normal unrelated individuals, 64.9% were homozygous for the F form (FF), 1.8% were homozygous for the S form (SS), and 33.3% were heterozygotes (FS). This distribution did not differ from that calculated by the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium based on two codominant alleles that regulate the expression of the F and S forms and that have frequencies of 81.5 and 18.5%, respectively. The locus regulating structural polymorphism of C3bR is designated C3BRM (M for mobility or Mr), and is distinct from the recently described locus regulating the quantitative expression of C3bR on erythrocytes.
Prevention of Radiographic-Contrast-Agent–Induced Reductions in Renal Function by Acetylcysteine (2000)

Prophylactic oral administration of the antioxidant acetylcysteine, along with hydration, prevents the reduction in renal function induced by contrast agents in patients with chronic renal insufficiency.
A numerical classification of the genera Streptomyces and Streptoverticillium using miniaturized physiological tests (1991)

Eight hundred and twenty-one strains of the genera Streptomyces and Streptoverticillium were physiologically characterized using a total of 329 miniaturized tests. Overall similarities of all strains were determined by numerical taxonomic techniques using the UPGMA algorithm and the SSM and the S J coefficients as measures of similarity. Test error was within acceptable limits. Comparison of photometric and visual test reading revealed overall differences of 7·45%. A total of 15 major clusters (six or more strains), 34 minor clusters (less than six strains) and 40 single-member clusters were defined at the 81.5% similarity level (S SM). Two clusters containing physiologically, and in some cases morphologically and genetically, different groups could be further subdivided at the 84·0% similarity level (S SM). Generally, similar groupings were obtained with the Jaccard coefficient at similarity levels ranging from 59·6% to 64·6% similarity (S J), with changes in the definition of clusters and subclusters. The cophenetic correlation coefficients r CS for the UPGMA/S J and the UPGMA/S sm analysis were 0·6929 and 0·8239, respectively. Several phena showed significant overlap with others, indicating the physiological variability within the species. The phenetic data in most cases confirm the major phena of the study of Williams et al. (1983), Journal of General Microbiology 129, 1743-1813 (although the cluster-groups defined in that study could only be detected in part) and the results indicate that the genus Streptomyces is still overspeciated. Some of the major groupings obtained were very much in line with chemotaxonomic and genetical data. However, several clusters containing only a few strains should be regarded as preliminary ‘species’ until further information is available. The majority of Streptoverticillium strains presently assigned to different species formed a homogeneous subcluster defined at the 84·0% similarity level (S SM). Thus, on the basis of numerical phenetic and (published) molecular genetic and chemotaxonomic data, our study supports the suggestion that members of the genus Streptoverticillium be reclassified into the genus Streptomyces.
Identifying, monitoring, and assessing promising innovations: using evaluation to support rapid-cycle change. (2011)

The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation (Innovation Center) was created by the Affordable Care Act to identify, develop, assess, support, and spread new approaches to health care financing and delivery that can help improve quality and lower costs. Although the Innovation Center has been given unprecedented authority to take action, it is being asked to produce definitive results in an extremely short time frame. One particularly difficult task is developing methodological approaches that adhere to a condensed time frame, while maintaining the rigor required to support the extensive policy changes needed. The involvement and collaboration of the health services research community will be a key element in this endeavor. This issue brief reviews the mission of the Innovation Center and provides perspectives from the research community on critical issues and challenges.
A Human Monoclonal Antibody Cocktail as a Novel Component of Rabies Postexposure Prophylaxis (2006)

The currently recommended treatment for individuals exposed to rabies virus is the combined administration of rabies vaccine and rabies immune globulin (RIG). This review sets out the criteria used to guide development of a cocktail of human monoclonal antibodies as a replacement for RIG. Using this process as a model, the general requirements for development of safe and efficacious monoclonal antibody alternatives to currently used polyclonal serum products are discussed.
P2‐322: Rage deletion increases anti‐oxidant and anti‐inflammatory biochemical profiles in human app transgenic mice (2015)

The Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE) is a pattern recognition receptor that binds structurally diverse ligands associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) including amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides. RAGE expression is upregulated in Alzheimer's brains while the anti-oxidant reduced glutathione (GSH) is deficient in brains from early and middle staged AD patients. Preclinical studies demonstrate RAGE regulates many pathologies observed in AD related to oxidative stress: chronic inflammation, Aβ transport, neurotoxicity, and metabolic dysfunction. Genetic deletion or antagonism of RAGE in vivo improves AD pathogenesis in transgenic mouse models. Since RAGE is associated with metabolic dysfunction, we determined the effect of genetic RAGE deletion on biochemical profiles in APP mice. CSF, plasma and brain samples were collected from mice 9 and 12 months old that over express human APP (amyloid precursor protein, Swedish and London mutations; APPSwe-Lon; APPtg x RAGE+/+ and APPtg x RAGE-/-). Biochemicals were analyzed using metabolomics platform technology (Metabolon, Inc.). Metabolites were also compared from cellular lysates of cultured mouse aortic smooth muscle cells obtained from either wild-type or RAGE-null mice. A number of biochemicals were significantly different between RAGE null and APP overexpressing control mice representing anti-oxidant, inflammatory, cholesterol and phospholipid metabolic pathways. RAGE null mice have increased levels of antioxidants (glutathione) and decreased levels of inflammatory precursor biochemical's (arachidonic, eicospentanoic acid) in brain. Plasma γ-glutamyl dipeptides were increased at 9 and 12 months, suggesting a higher level of glutathione biosynthesis. Analysis of vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro from RAGE null mice recapitulated the anti-oxidant metabolite profile. These cells have decreased intermediates of glycolysis and increased intermediates in the TCA cycle, increased glutathione and NAD levels, and increased levels of γ-glutamyl dipeptides. The metabolome profile suggests RAGE deletion increases the anti-oxidant capacity of brain in APP mice. This data suggests RAGE deletion alters the CNS response to oxidative stress and inflammation, providing neuroprotection during disease progression.
An inspection of the domain between putative TATA box and translation start site in 79 plant genes (1987)

Over 75 published genomic DNA sequences from several higher plants have been collected and flanking regions of the leader sequences have been analysed. In a majority of the plants, the first AUG codon on processed mRNA acted as a translation initiation site. The consensus sequence for the context was TAAACAATGGCT (on plus strand of DNA). This differed from the earlier suggestion for eukaryotic mRNAs based mainly on data from animals. Leader sequences were generally 40-80 nucleotides in length and were A+T rich. Adenine was present in a majority of the cases at the transcription start site which was flanked by pyrimidine bases. The putative TATA box was present 32 +/- 7 nucleotides upstream from the transcription initiation site. The consensus sequence for TATA box and surrounding region was TCACTATATATAG.
Hegemony: the new shape of global power (2005)

Hegemony tells the story of the drive to create consumer capitalism abroad through political pressure and the promise of goods for mass consumption. In contrast to the recent literature on America as empire, it explains that the primary goal of the foreign and economic policies of the United States is a world which increasingly reflects the American way of doing business, not the formation or management of an empire. Contextualizing both the Iraq war and recent plant closings in the U.S., noted author John Agnew shows how American hegemony has created a world in which power is no longer only shaped territorially. He argues in a sobering conclusion that we are consequently entering a new era of global power, one in which the world the US has made no longer works to its singular advantage.