gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human malignant mesothelioma is recapitulated in immunocompetent BALB/c mice injected with murine AB cells (2016)

Malignant Mesothelioma is a highly aggressive cancer, which is difficult to diagnose and treat. Here we describe the molecular, cellular and morphological characterization of a syngeneic system consisting of murine AB1, AB12 and AB22 mesothelioma cells injected in immunocompetent BALB/c mice, which allows the study of the interplay of tumor cells with the immune system. Murine mesothelioma cells, like human ones, respond to exogenous High Mobility Group Box 1 protein, a Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern that acts as a chemoattractant for leukocytes and as a proinflammatory mediator. The tumors derived from AB cells are morphologically and histologically similar to human MM tumors, and respond to treatments used for MM patients. Our system largely recapitulates human mesothelioma, and we advocate its use for the study of MM development and treatment.
MinCall - MinION end2end convolutional deep learning basecaller (2019)

The Oxford Nanopore Technologies's MinION is the first portable DNA sequencing device. It is capable of producing long reads, over 100 kBp were reported. However, it has significantly higher error rate than other methods. In this study, we present MinCall, an end2end basecaller model for the MinION. The model is based on deep learning and uses convolutional neural networks (CNN) in its implementation. For extra performance, it uses cutting edge deep learning techniques and architectures, batch normalization and Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) loss. The best performing deep learning model achieves 91.4% median match rate on E. Coli dataset using R9 pore chemistry and 1D reads.
Major human cancers are preventable (1997)

It is proposed that the prerequisites for a low-risk to major cancers-breast, colon, lung, prostate, melanoma (as, for example in Africans, Chinese and Japanese) - include upregulated hypothalamic dopaminergic activity compared to depressed noradrenergic/thyrogenic function and raised vagal tone, and a neuroendocrine constellation that promotes improved immune efficiency and its inimical to the onset of aversive cell responses. Since the integrity of these tissues is regulated by hypothalamic-hypophyseal hormones, under tonic dopaminergic inhibition, cancers are potentially preventable as long as dopaminergic integrity is maintained, or the decline in ageing in slowed. Evidence for the impact of upregulated dopamine on tumour prevention includes: (1) a reduced (40%) rate of colonic cancer in exercised-trained ageing subjects; (2) reduced expected rates of lung/colon cancers, and skin tumours in prolonged post-menopausal oestrogen replacement; (3) the virtual suppression of all cancers during pregnancy (when dopamine synthesis increases); (4) the low rate of bronchogenic carcinoma correlates with reduced enzymatic conversion of dopamine to noradrenaline; and (5) neuroblastoma (specifically dopamine dysregulated tumour) regresses spontaneously on dopamine normalization. Similar tumour reduction is anticipated by controlling the intake of calories. The subtlety of the switch to upregulated dopamine, the speed of translation at the cellular level and the sustainability of responses as long as the initiating stimulus persists (as exposed by pregnancy), underline the plasticity of the neuroendocrine mechanism and ease of manipulation. Long exposure to environmental iodine deficiency, as seen for example in Africans and Chinese, reveals a crucial dopamine-thyroid action that slows cell timing mechanisms. The common neurohormonal basis identified for the prevention of human cancers has practical application, with reasonably assured positive results.
Number and Proliferation of Basal and Parabasal Cells in Normal Human Airway Epithelium (1998)

Two roles have been suggested for basal cells on the basis of studies performed with laboratory animals: (1) anchoring of the tracheobronchial epithelium; and (2) being the epithelial stem cell. Parabasal cells located just above the basal cells have also been shown to contribute to cell renewal. However, a systematic study of the composition and proliferation of basal and parabasal cells in normal human lungs is lacking. The aims of this study were to determine in normal human conducting-airway epithelium: (1) the number of basal and parabasal cells; and (2) the contribution of basal and parabasal cells to the proliferation fraction. Samples of histologically normal tissue, free of pulmonary disease, were taken from seven lungs obtained by autopsy. Immunohistochemical staining was performed with the primary antibody MIB-1 as a proliferation marker and the antikeratin antibody 34betaE12 as a marker for basal and parabasal cells. In the largest conducting airways (diameter >= 4 mm), the percentages of basal and parabasal cells were 31% and 7%, respectively; the contribution to the proliferation compartment was 51% for basal and 33% for parabasal cells. In the smallest airways (diameter < 0.5 mm), 6% of epithelial cells were basal cells, with a 30% contribution to the proliferation compartment, whereas parabasal cells were absent. The high fraction of basal and parabasal cells contributing to the proliferation compartment of normal human conducting-airway epithelium supports the theory that cells at or near the basement membrane are likely to be progenitor cells.
Deregulated FOX genes in Hodgkin lymphoma (2014)

FOX genes encode transcription factors which regulate basic developmental processes during embryogenesis and in the adult. Several FOX genes show deregulated expression in particular malignancies, representing oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Here, we screened six Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) cell lines for FOX gene activity by comparative microarray profiling, revealing overexpression of FOXC1 and FOXD1, and reduced transcription of FOXN3, FOXO1, and FOXP1. In silico expression analyses of these FOX gene candidates in HL patient samples supported the cell line data. Chromosomal analyses demonstrated an amplification of the FOXC1 locus at 6p25 and a gain of the FOXR2 locus at Xp11, indicting genomic aberrations for their upregulation. Comparative expression profiling and ensuing stimulation experiments revealed implementation of the TGFβ- and WNT-signaling pathways in deregulation of FOXD1 and FOXN3. Functional analysis of FOXP1 implicated miR9 and miR34a as upstream regulators and PAX5, TCF3, and RAG2 as downstream targets. A similar exercise for FOXC1 revealed repression of MSX1 and activation of IPO7, both mediating inhibition of the B-cell specific homeobox gene ZHX2. Taken together, our data show that aberrantly expressed FOX genes and their downstream targets are involved in the pathogenesis of HL via deregulation of B-cell differentiation and may represent useful diagnostic markers and/or therapeutic targets.
Design and Test of a High-Power High-Efficiency Loosely Coupled Planar Wireless Power Transfer System (2008)

In this paper, a high-power high-efficiency wireless-power-transfer system using the class-E operation for transmitter via inductive coupling has been designed and fabricated using the proposed design approach. The system requires no complex external control system but relies on its natural impedance response to achieve the desired power-delivery profile across a wide range of load resistances while maintaining high efficiency to prevent any heating issues. The proposed system consists of multichannels with independent gate drive to control power delivery. The fabricated system is compact and capable of 295 W of power delivery at 75.7% efficiency with forced air cooling and of 69 W of power delivery at 74.2% efficiency with convection cooling. This is the highest power and efficiency of a loosely coupled planar wireless-power-transfer system reported to date.
Melatonin Entrains Free‐running Blind People According to a Physiological Dose‐response Curve (2005)

The specific circadian role proposed for endogenous melatonin production was based on a study of sighted people who took low pharmacological doses (500 microg) of this chemical signal for the "biological night": the magnitude and direction of the induced phase shifts were dependent on what time of day exogenous melatonin was administered and were described by a phase-response curve that turned out to be the opposite of that for light. We now report that lower (physiological) doses of up to 300 microg can entrain (synchronize) free-running circadian rhythms of 10 totally blind subjects that would otherwise drift later each day. The resulting log-linear dose-response curve in the physiological range adds support for a circadian function of endogenous melatonin in humans. Efficacy of exogenous doses in the physiological range are of clinical significance for totally blind people who will need to take melatonin daily over their entire lifetimes in order to remain entrained to the 24 h day. Left untreated, their free-running endocrine, metabolic, behavioral, and sleep/wake cycles can be almost as burdensome as not having vision.
Demultiplexer IC for MPEG2 transport streams (1995)

The MPEG2 systems was adopted as an international standard that specifies the multiplexed structure for combining audio and video data and a means of representing the timing information needed to replay synchronized sequences in real-time. This paper describes an integrated circuit developed to demultiplex desired programmes carried in an MPEG2 compatible transport stream. Up to nine simultaneous PIDs (packet identifiers) can be processed by the IC. The The MPEG2 demultiplexer is a fully static CMOS integrated circuit realized as an 0.8 /spl mu/m gate array.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Variation in glycosaminoglycan components of breast tumors. (1976)

The correlation between the content of individual glycosaminoglycans and the histological patterns are studied on breast tumor tissues. The myxomatous stroma of intracanalicular fibroadenoma contained a large amount of glycosaminoglycans, which were mainly hyaluronic acid. The chondroitin 4- and 6-sulfate level was also high. As the supporting stroma of this tumor became denser and more fibrous, the level of hyaluronic acid content was reduced. In the case of pericanalicular fibroadenoma, glycosaminoglycans were small in amount and the levels of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate were low, but the ratio of dermatan sulfate content was higher. In the case of gynecomastia, the conent was almost the same as that of pericanalicular fibroadenoma. Scirrhous carcinoma tissues contained a relatively large amount of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate. No remarkable differences in heparan sulfate content were observed in any one of the breast tumors tested. Dermatan sulfate-chondroitin sulfate copolymers were detected in all the tumors. The presence of dermatan sulfate seemed to have an intimate relation with the fibrogenesis in the interstitial stromal element of the tumor tissues.
Role of Antigen-Presenting Cells in Mediating Tolerance and Autoimmunity (1999)

The mechanisms that determine whether receptor stimulation leads to lymphocyte tolerance versus activation remain poorly understood. We have used rat insulin promoter (RIP)-gp/P14 double-transgenic mice expressing the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) glycoprotein (gp) on pancreatic beta-islet cells together with T cells expressing an LCMV-gp-specific T cell receptor to assess the requirements for the induction of autoimmunity. Our studies have shown that administration of the gp peptide gp33 leads to the activation of P14-transgenic T cells, as measured by the upregulation of activation markers and the induction of effector cytotoxic activity. This treatment also leads to expansion and deletion of P14 T cells. Despite the induction of cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity, peptide administration is not sufficient to induce diabetes. However, the administration of gp peptide together with an activating anti-CD40 antibody rapidly induces diabetes. These findings suggest that the induction of tolerance versus autoimmunity is determined by resting versus activated antigen-presenting cells.
Advancing 3D Printing of Metals and Electronics using Computational Fluid Dynamics. (2015)

Abstract not provided.
Development and application of a novel acridinium ester for use as a chemiluminescent emitter in nucleic acid hybridisation assays using chemiluminescence quenching (2008)

Chemiluminescent acridinium esters (AEs) permit the development of high sensitivity ligand binding assays due to a combination of high intensity light emission and very low backgrounds. Here these advantages are exploited for use in homogeneous nucleic acid hybridisation assays using quenched chemiluminescence. AE chemiluminescence is conventionally initiated at highly alkaline pH. Novel "active" AEs were designed that permit initiation under conditions compatible with maintenance of nucleic acid hybrids (i.e. pH less than 9). Methyl red was found to be a dark quencher species capable of functioning at this pH. Practical application of the chemiluminescence quenching assay system has been demonstrated using two model nucleic acid hybridisation assays based on intra- and intermolecular emitter/quencher pairs.
Preparation of star polymers of hyperbranched polyglycerol core with multiarms of PS‐b‐PtBA and PS‐b‐PAA (2008)

Abstract Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was applied to synthesize a new kind of star polymers of hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG) core with multiarms of PS‐ b ‐PtBA and PS‐ b ‐PAA by using the “core first” technique. The HPG core was obtained by anionic polymerization of glycerol first, and then the pendant hydroxyl groups of HPG were esterified with 2‐bromoisobutyryl bromide to yield the HPG‐ g ‐Br, which was used as macroinitiator for ATRP of the first monomer (St) and then second monomer (tBA). After hydrolysis of the PtBA block, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) side chains were formed. The final products and intermediates were characterized by GPC, NMR, and FTIR in detail. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Miniaturized glucose sensors based on electrochemical codeposition of rhodium and glucose oxidase onto carbon-fiber electrodes (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMiniaturized glucose sensors based on electrochemical codeposition of rhodium and glucose oxidase onto carbon-fiber electrodesJoseph. Wang and Lucio. AngnesCite this: Anal. Chem. 1992, 64, 4, 456–459Publication Date (Print):February 15, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 February 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00028a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00028a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views570Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of dexamethasone, progesterone, and testosterone on IOP and GAGs in the rabbit eye. (1985)

The effects of steroids on intraocular pressure and on aqueous outflow pathway (AOP) and adjacent anterior segment tissue glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were studied in New Zealand Red rabbits treated for 4 wk with dexamethasone, hydroxymethyl-progesterone and methyl-testosterone. Only topical administration of dexamethasone resulted in a significant increase in intraocular pressure. The eyes were labeled in vitro for 1 hr with GAG precursors, [3H]-glucosamine and [35S]-sulfate, and maintained as whole organ cultures. The GAGs were biochemically isolated, fractionated by gel filtration chromatography and subjected to selective GAG degradative procedures. The total content of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. In dexamethasone-treated eyes, the total content of hyaluronic acid was decreased in the AOP, although the specific activity of [3H]-glucosamine did not change. The total content of chondroitin sulfate was increased in the AOP and iris-ciliary body, while the specific activity of the [35S]-label was decreased in the AOP, iris-ciliary body, and sclera. The changes in the AOP GAGs in dexamethasone-treated eyes may be important factors for the development of dexamethasone-induced ocular hypertension in the rabbit.
Noncyclic Scheduling for Timed Discrete-Event Systems With Application to Single-Armed Cluster Tools Using Pareto-Optimal Optimization (2012)

Recently, semiconductor manufacturing fabs tend to reduce the wafer lot size, down to just a few. Consequently, the wafer recipe or wafer flow pattern changes frequently. For such problems, it is impossible to apply conventional prevalent cyclic scheduling methods that repeat processing of wafers in an identical cyclic tool operation sequence. We therefore consider the noncyclic scheduling problem of single-armed cluster tools that process wafers with different recipes. Our proposed method is to transforms the problem into a multiobjective problem by considering the ready times of the resources as objectives to minimize. Only feasible states are generated based on the initial state of the system. These feasible states form a multiobjective shortest path problem and give us as an upper bound for the number of states, where , and are the number of different wafer recipes, wafers, and processing chambers. We solve this problem with implicit enumeration by making our scheduling decisions based on the Pareto optimal solutions for each state. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can quickly solve large sized problems including ones with arbitrary initial tool states, changing recipes, reentrant wafer Ωows, and parallel chambers. Note to Practitioners-The scheduling method developed in this paper is designed for scheduling robots used in semiconductor production. The method is able to efficiently represent the state of the manufacturing system and uses this to find an optimal schedule to maximize productivity. The same approach can be used for other manufacturing systems with discrete events. The main advantage of this method is that it can fast find an optimal schedule based on the current state of the system. A long-time horizon can be used because of the high efficiency of the algorithm with respect to the number of jobs. However, the method is best suited for manufacturing systems with few buffers and limited degrees of freedom, in other words highly interconnected systems.
Lossless scalable audio coder and quality enhancement (2002)

This paper proposes a lossless scalable audio coding scheme and quality enhancement processing at the decoder to compensate for some missing scalable units of information. The bit rate scalability is achieved by combining high-compression coding, such as MPEG-4, and horizontal bit slicing of the PCM-coded error signal between the original waveform and the locally reconstructed MPEG-4 signal. The horizontally sliced stream may be transported through an IP network with priority. Even if some units are missing at the decoder, reasonable quality waveform can be reconstructed by means of post-processing using some side information. This scheme enables graceful degradation by supporting lossless, near lossless, and high-compression coding within a single scalable framework, and is useful for narrowband to broadband audio streaming.
Effects of Cimaterol and Fishmeal on Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Skeletal Muscle Growth in Lambs (1986)

Two experiments were conducted in which cimaterol [CL263,780; (anthranilo-nitrile, 5-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino) ethyl]-)] was fed at 0 or 10 ppm in a complete, mixed, high-concentrate diet to assess effects on growth performance and repartitioning of tissue growth in young, rapidly growing lambs. Average daily gain and feed efficiency (F/G) were not altered in Dorset wether lambs fed cimaterol for 6 or 11 wk in Exp. 1. Average daily gain and F/G were improved 16% (P<.05) in Suffolk × Dorset ram lambs fed cimaterol for 5 wk, but not 10 wk in Exp. 2. Cimaterol increased dressing percent by at least 3 percentage units (P<.05), increased longissimus area 26 and 32% (P<.001), reduced 12th-rib fat thickness 66 and 32% (P<.001) and reduced kidney and pelvic fat 34 and 44% (P<.001) at 6 wk and 12 wk, respectively (Exp. 1). Proximal hindleg muscles were 26% heavier (P<.001) in cimaterol-fed lambs in Exp. 1. Fishmeal (FM) replaced an equal amount of soy protein (3% of diet) to create a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in Exp. 2. Cimaterol effects on carcass traits and muscle growth were similar to those observed in Exp. 1. However, hindleg and foreleg muscle weights and longissmus area were 16% greater (P<.001) in FM-fed lambs at 10 wk, and the cimaterol-induced muscle hypertrophy was slightly reduced in these lambs. Fat measures were unaffected by FM. These data demonstrate that cimaterol effectively repartitions skeletal muscle and adipose tissue accretion, and fishmeal fed for 10 wk significantly enhances skeletal muscle growth in lambs.