gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Forward and backward waves in the arterial system, their relationship to pressure waves form (1983)

The purpose of this work was to analyze, in human subjects, the shape of the aortic pressure wave from its forward and backward components calculated by use of Westerhof's model. Twenty-nine patients were studied: 11 normal subjects, 11 hypertensive patients and 7 patients with congestive heart failure. The following measurements and calculations were performed both under control conditions and during either angiotensin infusion in 5 normal subjects or nitroprusside infusion in 6 hypertensive patients: cardiac output, aortic blood pressure (catheter tip micromanometer), blood flow velocity (electromagnetic catheter-tip velocity transducer) in the ascending aorta, aortic impedance and reflection coefficients allowing the calculation of the aortic forward and backward pressure waves. The results show that the shape of aortic pressure wave in hypertensive patients is related to increased arterial wall stiffness which determines greater values and overlap of the forward and backward waves. This result is corroborated by the changes observed during angiotensin infusion in normal subjects. The shape of pressure wave in heart failure patients is dicrotic. This shape is related to smaller values and overlap of forward and backward waves. This appears related to a reduced stroke volume. During peripheral vasodilation the shape of pressure wave in hypertensive patients becomes dicrotic. However, this was mainly related to later backward waves. These results confirm that the shape of pressure waves depends both on the arterial wall stiffness and on the left ventricular performance: mainly on the stroke volume. The calculation of forward and backward waves allows a quantitative analysis of pressure waves.
Purification and Properties of an Enzyme in Human Blood and Rat Liver Microsomes Catalyzing the Formation and Hydrolysis of γ-Lactones (1966)

Abstract An enzyme hydrolyzing 4- to 8-carbon γ-lactones has been purified 12- to 15-fold from rat liver and from human plasma. In rat liver the enzyme is located in the microsomal fraction and may be solubilized by deoxycholate treatment and separated from microsomal B-esterase by ammonium sulfate fractionation. The effects of a series of inhibitors on γ-lactonase, B-esterase purified from rat liver microsomes, and plasma cholinesterase were compared. The lactonase was inhibited by 1 mm ethylenediaminetetraacetate and by 0.1 mm p-chloromercuribenzoate but was unaffected by sodium benzoate, NaF, neostigmine, eserine, and diisopropylfluorophosphate. The last compound inactivates completely both the B-esterase and the cholinesterase, which were unaffected by ethylenediaminetetraacetate and were effectively inhibited by neostigmine. Together with substrate selectivity, these distinctions in inhibition establish the three enzymes as separate entities. The enzymatic nature of the reaction is evidenced by inactivation upon brief heating to 90°, purification of the active protein, a biologic Q10 = 1.56, a zero order reaction in either direction, and pH activity curves. In addition, no lactonase activity was found in homogenates of rat brain, spleen, kidney, heart, and diaphragm, although rat serum and plasma do contain the enzyme. The γ-lactonase enzymes also catalyze lactonization of the corresponding γhydroxy acids. The pH optimum for this reaction is 6.0 as compared to 8.6 for the hydrolytic reaction. The stoichiometry of lactone-hydroxy acid interconversion catalyzed by γ-lactonase was established by gas chromatographic identification of synthesized valerolactone and by acid regeneration of enzymatically degraded valerolactone. The enzyme does not hydrolyze simple aliphatic esters, acetylcholine, sugar lactones, or substituted aliphatic lactones such as pantolactone or 3-hydroxy-4-butyrolactone.
Carrier transport in multilayer organic photodetectors: II. Effects of anode preparation (2004)

We address the effects of anode preparation on the performance of multilayer organic photodetectors introduced in the accompanying article (Part I) [J. Xue and S. R. Forrest, J. Appl. Phys. 95, 1859 (2004)]. Using atomic force microscopy and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy, we find that the surface morphology and electronic properties of indium–tin–oxide (ITO) anodes depend strongly on the anode preparation. ITO films deposited by rf magnetron sputtering at room temperature have smoother surfaces and 0.1–0.3 eV lower work functions than commercially obtained ITO films. Oxygen plasma and ultraviolet (UV)-ozone treatment can both increase the ITO work function, although the mechanisms leading to the increase have different origins. The dark current in a multilayer organic photodetector is reduced when the anode has a high work function, which agrees with our conclusion in Part I that electron tunneling injection from the anode into the organic active region dominates the dark current. The quantum efficiency of multilayer organic photodetectors is reduced by ∼10% for ITO anodes exposed to oxygen plasma or UV ozone, possibly due to an increased density of defect states at the anode/organic interface.
A Novel TV Add-On Data Communication System (1973)

This paper presents a description of the theory and operation of a new television add-on data communication system which does not utilize the vertical interval. The basic add-on signalling technique allows more efficient utilization of the television spectrum. Added information, producing no perceptible interference with either the picture, or ancillary and test signals, is sent through a television channel along with the standard video signal. Novel techniques to significantly reduce errors in the data channel will be described. Several interesting systems utilizing this new signalling method have been built and will be described in this paper.
Sensor data fusion to determine wellness of an elderly in intelligent home monitoring environment (2012)

In this paper, we present a novel mechanism to foresee the well-being of elderly through monitoring and functional assessment of the daily activities with the help of sensor data fusion. Two wellness indices are defined to determine the wellness of the elderly in performing their daily activities. Home monitoring system is targeted for the elderly people to provide a safe, secured, less cost and privacy system in assessing the ability to perform basic behaviours. Developed system was tested at various elderly homes instead of test bed and the results are encouraging.
TRANSFAC(R) and its module TRANSCompel(R): transcriptional gene regulation in eukaryotes (2005)

The TRANSFAC database on transcription factors, their binding sites, nucleotide distribution matrices and regulated genes as well as the complementing database TRANSCompel on composite elements have been further enhanced on various levels. A new web interface with different search options and integrated versions of Match and Patch provides increased functionality for TRANSFAC. The list of databases which are linked to the common GENE table of TRANSFAC and TRANSCompel has been extended by: Ensembl, UniGene, EntrezGene, HumanPSD and TRANSPRO. Standard gene names from HGNC, MGI and RGD, are included for human, mouse and rat genes, respectively. With the help of InterProScan, Pfam, SMART and PROSITE domains are assigned automatically to the protein sequences of the transcription factors. TRANSCompel contains now, in addition to the COMPEL table, a separate table for detailed information on the experimental EVIDENCE on which the composite elements are based. Finally, for TRANSFAC, in respect of data growth, in particular the gain of Drosophila transcription factor binding sites (by courtesy of the Drosophila DNase I footprint database) and of Arabidopsis factors (by courtesy of DATF, Database of Arabidopsis Transcription Factors) has to be stressed. The here described public releases, TRANSFAC 7.0 and TRANSCompel 7.0, are accessible under http://www.gene-regulation.com/pub/databases.html.
Corpus Annotation: Linguistic Information from Computer Text Corpora (1997)

List of contributors Preface 1. Introducing corpus annotation Geoffrey Leech 2. Grammatical tagging Geoffrey Leech 3. Syntactic annotation: treebanks Geoffrey Leech and Elizabeth Eyes 4. Semantic annotation Andrew Wilson and Jenny Thomas 5. Discourse annotation: anaphoric relations in corpora Roger Garside, Steve Fligelstone and Simon Botley 6. Further levels of annotation Geoffrey Leech, Anthony McEnery and Martin Wynne 7. A hybrid grammatical tagger: CLAWS4 Roger Garside and Nicholas Smith 8. How to generalise the task of annotation Steve Fligelstone, Mike Pacey and Paul Rayson 9. Improving a tagger Nicholas Smith 10. Retageting a tagger Fernando Sanchez Leon and Amalio F.Nieto-Serrano 11. The use of syntactic annotation tools: partial and full parsing Jeremy Bateman, Jean Forrest, and Tim Willis 12. Higher-level annotation tools Roger Garside and Paul Rayson 13. A corpus/annotation toolbox Anthony McEnery and Paul Rayson 14. A corpus-based grammar tool Anthony McEnery, John Paul Baker and John Hutchinson 15. The exploitation of multilingual annotated corpora for term extraction Anthony McEnery, Jean-Marc Lange, Michael Oakes and Jean Veronis 16. Cross-linguistic guidelines for the annotation of corpora Peter Kahrel, Ruthanna Barnett and Geoffrey Leech 17. Consistency and accuracy in correcting automatically-tagged corpora John Paul Baker Appendix I: Sources for further information (WWW and e-mail addresses) Appendix II: Abbreviations and acronyms Appendix III: Specimen annotation practices: the C7 and C5 tagsets Bibliography Index
Imprint of human cytomegalovirus infection on the NK cell receptor repertoire (2004)

Expression of the activating CD94/NKG2C killer lectin-like receptor (KLR) specific for HLA-E was analyzed in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from healthy adult blood donors; the expression of other natural killer (NK) cell receptors (ie, CD94/NKG2A, KIR, CD85j, CD161, NKp46, NKp30, and NKG2D) was also studied. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection as well as the HLA-E and killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genotypes were considered as potentially relevant variables associated with CD94/NKG2C expression. The proportion of NKG2C(+) lymphocytes varied within a wide range (<0.1% to 22.1%), and a significant correlation (r = 0.83; P < .001) between NKG2C(+) NK and T cells was noticed. The HLA-E genotype and the number of activating KIR genes of the donors were not significantly related to the percentage of NKG2C(+) lymphocytes. By contrast, a positive serology for HCMV, but not for other herpesviruses (ie, Epstein-Barr and herpes simplex), turned out to be strongly associated (P < .001) with increased proportions of NKG2C(+) NK and T cells. Remarkably, the CD94/NKG2C(+) population expressed lower levels of natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs) (ie, NKp30, NKp46) and included higher proportions of KIR(+) and CD85j(+) cells than CD94/NKG2A(+) cells. Altogether, these data support that HCMV infection selectively shapes the natural killer cell receptor (NKR) repertoire of NK and T cells from healthy carrier individuals.
Synthesis of Glycopeptides with Partial Structure of Human Glycophorin Using the Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl/ Allyl Ester Protecting Group Combination (1991)

Glycopeptide partial structures of glycophorin A are synthesized with Tn antigen type monosaccharide and T antigen type disaccharide side chains O-glycosidically linked to serine or threonine. The N-terminal 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) group and the C-terminal allyl ester were used as orthogonally stable, selectively removable protecting groups.
Separate Roles for N‐ and C‐Termini of the STE4 (β) Subunit of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae G Protein in the Mediation of the Growth Arrest. Lack of Growth‐Arresting Activity of Mammalian βγ Complexes (1996)

Mating pheromone signal transduction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae involves a G protein composed to Scg1p (Gpa1p), Ste4p and Ste18p subunits, homologous to the α, β and γ subunits of mammalian G proteins. Growth arrest in G1 phase is activated by the Ste4p/Ste18p complex via a downstream pathway and it is negatively controlled by the Scg1p subunit. Here we explored whether mammalian β or γ subunits could functionally substitute for their yeast homologues. While no evidence was obtained for functional replacement of Ste4p and Ste18p, we found that overexpression of Ste18p potentiated the effect of hybrid proteins in which the N terminus of the Ste4p subunit was replaced by that of the mammalian β, ste4 mutants having deletions in the N terminus showed a decreased activity in signalling to the downstream effector of the pheromone response. This defect was totally cured by overexpression of Ste18p, indicating that the truncated forms of Ste4p have retained their ability to form an active complex with Ste18p. Removal of six amino acids from the C terminus of Ste4p rendered a completely inactive subunit and this defect persisted in hybrids where the C terminus was placed by that of the β subunit, indicating that the C terminus of Ste4p is essential to trigger the effector of the yeast pheromone response pathway.
Optical oximetry sensors for whole blood and tissue (1994)

This article reviews the optical techniques applied to the determination of intravascular hemoglobin oxygen saturation as well as the noninvasive estimation of arterial and tissue saturation. Although in skeletal muscles and brain tissues myoglobin and cytochrome analyses have been demonstrated (F.F. Jobis et al., 1977; K. Kariman et al., 1983), their effects upon absorption and reflection spectra of tissues are small. Thus, this review is focused only upon measurement of hemoglobin saturation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Usher syndrome type I G (USH1G) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding SANS, a protein that associates with the USH1C protein, harmonin (2003)

Usher syndrome type I (USH1) is the most frequent cause of hereditary deaf-blindness in humans. Seven genetic loci (USH1A-G) have been implicated in this disease to date, and four of the corresponding genes have been identified: USH1B, C, D and F. We carried out fine mapping of USH1G (chromosome 17q24-25), restricting the location of this gene to an interval of 2.6 Mb and then screened genes present within this interval for mutations. The genes screened included the orthologue of the Sans gene, which is defective in the Jackson shaker deaf mutant and maps to the syntenic region in mice. In two consanguineous USH1G-affected families, we detected two different frameshift mutations in the SANS gene. Two brothers from a German family affected with USH1G were found to be compound heterozygotes for a frameshift and a missense mutation. These results demonstrate that SANS underlies USH1G. The SANS protein contains three ankyrin domains and a sterile alpha motif, and its C-terminal tripeptide presents a class I PDZ-binding motif. We showed, by means of co-transfection experiments, that SANS associates with harmonin, a PDZ domain-containing protein responsible for USH1C. In Jackson shaker mice the hair bundles, the mechanoreceptive structures of inner ear sensory cells, are disorganized. Based on the known interaction between USH1B (myosin VIIa), USH1C (harmonin) and USH1D (cadherin 23) proteins and the results obtained in this study, we suggest that a functional network formed by the USH1B, C, D and G proteins is responsible for the correct cohesion of the hair bundle.
Long-term Outcomes in Individuals With Prolonged PR Interval or First-Degree Atrioventricular Block (2009)

Prolongation of the PR interval is associated with increased risks of AF, pacemaker implantation, and all-cause mortality.
Characterization of neutralizing affinity‐matured human respiratory syncytial virus F binding antibodies in the sub‐picomolar affinity range (2012)

In the human adaptation and optimization of a mouse anti-human respiratory syncytial virus neutralizing antibody, affinity assessment was crucial to distinguish among potential candidates and to evaluate whether this correlated with function in vitro and in vivo. This affinity assessment was complicated by the trimeric nature of the antigen target, respiratory syncytial virus F (RSV-F) glycoprotein. In the initial affinity screen, surface plasmon resonance was used to determine the intrinsic binding affinities of anti-RSV-F Fab and immunoglobulin G (IgG) to the extracellular domain of RSV-F. This assessment required minimal biotinylation of the RSV-F protein and design of a capture strategy to minimize avidity effects. Approximately 30 Fabs were selected from three optimization phage display libraries on the basis of an initial ELISA screen. Surface plasmon resonance analysis demonstrated the success of optimization with some candidates from the screened libraries having low picomolar dissociation constants, more than 700-fold tighter than the parental monoclonal antibody (B21M). The affinities of these antibodies were further evaluated by a kinetic exclusion assay, a solution binding technology. One IgG (monoclonal antibody 029) displayed a low picomolar K(D) comparable with that of motavizumab, an RSV antibody in clinical study. Kinetic exclusion assay showed that two other of the matured IgGs (011 and 019) had sub-picomolar dissociation constants that could not be resolved further. We discuss the relevance of these interaction analysis results in the light of recently published data on the mechanism of F-driven viral fusion during paramyxoviral infection and 101F epitope conservation revealed from the recent crystal structure of RSV-F in the post-fusion state.
Symmetry Preference as a Cognitive By-Product in Starlings (2004)

Abstract There has been a great deal of interest in whether animals use trait symmetry as a visual cue to mediate behavioural interactions. In bilaterally symmetric traits, small asymmetries (termed fluctuating asymmetry) appear due to increased developmental stress and/or genes for poor developmental homeostasis. Hence, researchers have hypothesized that symmetry can reveal the developmental history and, perhaps, fitness of an individual and this is why symmetry preferences have been observed. However, an additional theory suggests that symmetry could be preferred merely because it represents the average expression of bilateral traits. Animals can learn to respond to signals by generalizing (or averaging) stimulus sets. As the average expression of a trait showing fluctuating asymmetry is zero asymmetry, theory predicts that animals could develop a symmetry preference as a by-product of learning. Here, we test this prediction empirically with European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) and show that symmetry preferences can emerge as an outcome of generalized learning processes. Our results indicate that symmetry does not initially need to be associated with fitness to be an apparent cue in behavioural interactions and that symmetry preferences observed in nature could be independent of any putative fitness relationships.
Bluetongue virus proteins (1992)

Introduction. Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the prototype virus of the Orbivirus genus in the Reoviridae family. Orbiviruses that infect and are transmitted by arthropod vectors (e.g. gnats, ticks, mosquitoes, etc.) include viruses that may cause disease in their vertebrate hosts with serious economic consequences in some regions of the world. The BTV group, which consists of at least 24 different serotypes (BTV-1, -2, etc.), infects field and domestic animals (e.g. sheep and cattle), occasionally with high morbidity and mortality but often with almost no apparent clinical symptoms. Other orbiviruses that may cause disease in animals include African horse sickness virus (AHSV; nine serotypes, AHSV-1, -2, etc.) and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV; seven serotypes, EHDV-1, -2, etc.) of deer. Although BTV and AHSV were isolated in 1900, and initial morphological and biochemical characterization were reported as early as 1969 (see review article, Gorman, 1990), much of the current knowledge on the molecular biology, genome structure and encoded products has been obtained only recently. The data are predominantly based on research on BTV.
Inkjet printed copper source/drain metallization for amorphous silicon thin-film transistors (2000)

Source/drain metallization to amorphous silicon thin-film transistors has been made by inkjet printing. Contact pads of a metal organic copper precursor were inkjet printed, and then converted to copper metal at a maximum process temperature of 200/spl deg/C. The copper contacts were used as the mask for back-channel etch. Laser printed toner was used for all other mask levels in a photoresist-free fabrication process. The inkjet printing of copper contacts represents a further step toward an all-printed thin-film transistor technology.
Microfabricated Microneedles for Gene and Drug Delivery (2000)

By incorporating techniques adapted from the microelectronics industry, the field of microfabrication has allowed the creation of microneedles, which have the potential to improve existing biological-laboratory and medical devices and to enable novel devices for gene and drug delivery. Dense arrays of microneedles have been used to deliver DNA into cells. Many cells are treated at once, which is much more efficient than current microinjection techniques. Microneedles have also been used to deliver drugs into local regions of tissue. Microfabricated neural probes have delivered drugs into neural tissue while simultaneously stimulating and recording neuronal activity, and microneedles have been inserted into arterial vessel walls to deliver anti-restenosis drugs. Finally, microhypodermic needles and microneedles for transdermal drug delivery have been developed to reduce needle insertion pain and tissue trauma and to provide controlled delivery across the skin. These needles have been shown to be robust enough to penetrate skin and dramatically increase skin permeability to macromolecules.
Recombinant Expression, Isotope Labeling and Purification of the Vitamin D Receptor Binding Peptide (2011)

The vitamin D receptor binding peptide, VDRBP, was overexpressed as a fused form with the ubiquitin molecule in Rosetta(DE3)pLysS, a protein production strain of <i>Escherichia coli</i> harboring an induction controller plasmid. The fusion protein was bound to the immobilized metal ions, and the denaturation and renaturation of the fusion protein were performed as a part of the purification procedure. After the elution of the fusion protein, the peptide hormone was released from its fusion partner by using yeast ubiquitin hydrolase (YUH), and subsequently purified by reverse phase chromatography. The purity of the resulting peptide fragment was checked by MALDI-TOF mass and NMR spectroscopy. The final yields of the target peptide were around 5 and 2 mg per liter of LB and minimal media, respectively. The recombinant expression and purification of this peptide will enable structural and functional studies using multidimensional NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography.
Detection of circulating melanoma cells by specific amplification of tyrosinase complementary DNA is not a reliable tumor marker in melanoma patients: a clinical two-center study. (1997)

Our data support the recent doubts that the detection of circulating tumor cells in melanoma patients using the tyrosinase mRNA RT-PCR is not sensitive enough to be used either as a melanoma progression marker in early stages of the disease or to monitor therapy in advanced stages of the disease.