gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of the CD44 transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains in co-ordinating adhesive and signalling events (2003)

CD44 is a widely distributed type I transmembrane glycoprotein and functions as the major hyaluronan receptor on most cell types. Although alternative splicing can produce a large number of different isoforms, they all retain the hyaluronan-binding Link-homology region and a common transmembrane and cytoplasmic domain, which are highly conserved between species. The past decade has seen an extensive investigation of this receptor owing to its importance in mediating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in both normal and disease states. Although roles for alternative splicing and variable glycosylation in determining ligand-binding interactions are now well established, the mechanisms by which CD44 integrates structural and signalling events to elicit cellular responses have been less well understood. However, there is now increasing evidence that CD44 is assembled in a regulated manner into membrane-cytoskeletal junctional complexes and, through both direct and indirect interactions, serves to focus downstream signal transduction events.
HCG promotes proliferation of uterine leiomyomal cells more strongly than that of myometrial smooth muscle cells in vitro (2000)

Uterine myomas often enlarge rapidly during pregnancy. This rapid increase in size may imply that human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) influences cell proliferation in uterine leiomyomata. To assess the direct effect of HCG on normal uterine smooth muscle and uterine leiomyomata, we investigated cell proliferation and the expression of cell cycle-related proteins in these cells. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed that HCG/LH receptor was present in both cultured myometrial and leiomyomal cells. Treatment with HCG significantly increased cell proliferation in both myometrial and leiomyomal cells (P < 0.03), especially at an early phase in the 9 day culture. The increase in the viable cell number induced by HCG treatment was significantly greater in leiomyoma cells than in myometrial cells on day 3 in culture (P < 0.03). In leiomyomal cells, the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin E and cdc2 was significantly increased by HCG treatment (P < 0.05) even at the lowest concentration used (3 nmol/l). In myometrial cells, the expression of cyclin E and cdc2 was significantly increased by HCG treatment (P < 0.05) only at the highest concentration used (30 nmol/l). These results suggest that HCG directly promotes the proliferation of myometrial and leiomyomal cells, with the latter showing the greater response of the two.
Verification and Configuration of a Run-Time Reconfigurable Custom Computing Integrated Circuit for DSP Applications (1996)

In recent years, interest in the area of custom computing machines (CCMs) has been on a steady increase. Much of the activity surrounding CCMs has centered around Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology and rapid prototyping applications. While higher performance has been a concern in some applications, the solutions are limited by the relatively small FPGA bandwidth, density and throughput. This leads to area, speed, power, and application-specific constraints. In recent months, an integrated circuit known as the VT Colt has been developed to address some high performance digital signal processing (DSP) problems that conventional processors, CCMs, and ASICs cannot do under the space and power constraints. The Colt chip takes a data-flow approach to processing and is highly reconfigurable to suit the many computationally demanding tasks that new DSP applications present. A significant portion of the development of the Colt chip is architectural justification, functional verification, and configurability. This thesis explores verification of the Colt chip at various levels of development including mapping arithmetic computations and DSP algorithms that the Colt architecture was designed to solve.
Chemical characterization and immunogenicity of capsular polysaccharide isolated from mucoid Staphylococcus aureus (1987)

In this study we report the isolation and purification of the capsular polysaccharide elaborated by Staphylococcus aureus SA1 mucoid. The capsule was isolated from bacterial extracts and culture supernatants by a series of ethanol precipitations and enzyme digestions, followed by ion-exchange chromatography. Teichoic acid contamination was eliminated by oxidation with sodium metaperiodate, and the final product eluted in the void volume of a Sephacryl S-300 column. The purified capsular polysaccharide was analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy, 13C and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, amino acid analysis, immunelectrophoresis, and numerous biochemical assays. The major constituents of the capsule were 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-galacturonic acid (4-O linked), 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-fucose (3-O linked), and taurine. The polysaccharide also contained O-acetyl groups which were removed by mild alkaline hydrolysis. Serologically and biochemically, the capsule from strain SA1 mucoid appeared very similar to that produced by strain M. Purified capsular polysaccharide was immunogenic in both rabbits and mice. The optimal immunizing dose in mice was 0.1 microgram of purified capsular polysaccharide administered intraperitoneally. SA1 mucoid resisted opsonophagocytic killing by human leukocytes and complement. However, antibodies raised to the purified capsular polysaccharide neutralized the antiphagocytic effect of the capsule.
PromoSer: a large-scale mammalian promoter and transcription start site identification service (2003)

Proximal promoters have a major impact on transcriptional regulation. Studies of the sequence-based nature of this regulation usually require collection of proximal promoter sequences for large sets of co-regulated genes. We report a newly implemented web service that facilitates extraction of user specified regions around the transcription start site of all annotated human, mouse or rat genes. The transcription start sites have been identified computationally by considering alignments of a large number of partial and full-length mRNA sequences to genomic DNA, with provision for alternative promoters. The service is publicly available at http://biowulf.bu.edu/zlab/PromoSer/.
Use of a curved reflector to amplify ultrasonic standing waves in an air-filled channel (2005)

The application of a slightly curved reflector to increase the amplitude of an ultrasonic standing wave in a semi-infinite rectangular channel was explored. Air was assumed to be the acoustic medium in the channel. Excitation of the standing wave was assumed to be provided by a square transducer flush-mounted to one wall of the channel. A slight curvature was placed in the reflecting wall of the channel. A finite element analysis was used to predict the amplitude of the standing wave that would be excited in the channel. A perfectly matched layer was used to model the semi-infinite channel geometry. At frequencies near 50 kHz, for source ka ranging from 6.6 to 26.6, and channel depths necessary to excite standing waves at one-half and one wavelength resonance, the computations predicted that an increase in acoustic pressure amplitude from 2 to 11 dB could be achieved with a reflector whose depth of curvature was 16% of the channel depth. Much of this increase could be obtained with curvatures of smaller depth. Experiments with a channel and reflector of representative geometry gave a measured increase in acoustic pressure amplitude of 4.86 dB.
The Biology of Interleukin-2 (2007)

Much data support an essential role for interleukin (IL)-2 in immune tolerance. This idea is much different from the early paradigm in which IL-2 is central for protective immune responses. This change in thinking occurred when a T regulatory cell defect was shown to be responsible for the lethal autoimmunity associated with IL-2/IL-2R deficiency. This realization allowed investigators to explore immune responses in IL-2-nonresponsive mice rendered autoimmune-free. Such studies established that IL-2 sometimes contributes to optimal primary immune responses, but it is not mandatory. Emerging findings, however, suggest an essential role for IL-2 in immune memory. Here, the current understanding of the dual role of IL-2 in maintaining tolerance and contributing to immunity in vivo is reviewed with some emphasis on T regulatory cell production and homeostasis. Also discussed are implications of this new appreciation concerning the immunobiology of IL-2 with respect to targeting IL-2 or its receptor in immunotherapy.
Inhibition of CD26 in Human Cord Blood CD34 + Cells Enhances Their Engraftment of Nonobese Diabetic/Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Mice (2007)

CD26, a surface serine dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPPIV) expressed on different cell types, cleaves the amino-terminal dipeptide from some chemokines, including stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12). SDF-1/CXCL12 plays important roles in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) homing, engraftment, and mobilization. Inhibition of CD26 peptidase activity enhances homing, engraftment, and competitive repopulation in congenic mouse bone marrow cell transplants. Our studies evaluated a role for CD26 in in vivo engraftment of HSCs from human umbilical cord blood (CB) into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice. Pretreating purified CD34(+) human CB cells with Diprotin A, a DPPIV inhibitor, for 15 min significantly enhanced engraftment. Treatment did not affect differentiation of CD34(+) cells in vivo, as measured phenotypically by human markers CD33, CD38, CD19, and CD34. We found that the percentage of CD26(+) cells within the more immature cells (CD34(+)CD38()) was significantly higher than in the more mature population (CD34(+)CD38(+)). These results suggest that inhibition of CD26 may be one way to enhance engraftment of limiting numbers of stem cells during CB transplantation.
Fabrication of Micro/Nanoscale Motors (2015)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTFabrication of Micro/Nanoscale MotorsHong Wang and Martin Pumera*View Author Information Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2015, 115, 16, 8704–8735Publication Date (Web):August 3, 2015Publication History Received24 January 2015Published online3 August 2015Published inissue 26 August 2015https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00047Copyright © 2015 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSACS AuthorChoiceArticle Views16551Altmetric-Citations555LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (21 MB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Deposition,Layers,Nanoparticles,Nanowires Get e-Alerts
Learning Generative Visual Models from Few Training Examples: An Incremental Bayesian Approach Tested on 101 Object Categories (2005)

Current computational approaches to learning visual object categories require thousands of training images, are slow, cannot learn in an incremental manner and cannot incorporate prior information into the learning process. In addition, no algorithm presented in the literature has been tested on more than a handful of object categories. We present an method for learning object categories from just a few training images. It is quick and it uses prior information in a principled way. We test it on a dataset composed of images of objects belonging to 101 widely varied categories. Our proposed method is based on making use of prior information, assembled from (unrelated) object categories which were previously learnt. A generative probabilistic model is used, which represents the shape and appearance of a constellation of features belonging to the object. The parameters of the model are learnt incrementally in a Bayesian manner. Our incremental algorithm is compared experimentally to an earlier batch Bayesian algorithm, as well as to one based on maximum-likelihood. The incremental and batch versions have comparable classification performance on small training sets, but incremental learning is significantly faster, making real-time learning feasible. Both Bayesian methods outperform maximum likelihood on small training sets.
Smart Musical Instruments: Vision, Design Principles, and Future Directions (2018)

Smart musical instruments (SMIs) are a family of Internet of Musical Things devices for music creation. They are characterized by sensors, actuators, embedded intelligence, and wireless connectivity to local networks and to the Internet. In this paper, we depict a vision for this recent research area, which merges the research fields on digital musical instruments and smart objects, and fosters new types of interactions between the player and the instrument, between the player and other players, and between the player and audience members. We propose a set of capabilities and technical features characterizing SMIs, as well as a design for a technological architecture supporting them. To illustrate possible applications enabled by this vision, we present a set of scenarios exploiting the intelligence embedded in SMIs. We also propose a set of guidelines that can help digital luthiers in the process of designing SMIs. Finally, we present a set of directions for future research.
Role of ATP-sensitive K+ channel on ECG ST segment elevation during a bout of myocardial ischemia. A study on epicardial mapping in dogs. (1993)

The findings of this study suggest that the activation of ATP-sensitive K+ channels during a bout of acute myocardial ischemia plays an important role in the emergence of ECG ST elevation.
SIGNALLING AND GENE REGULATION BY UREA AND NaCl IN THE RENAL MEDULLA (1999)

1. Cells of the mammalian renal medulla are routinely subjected to an enormously elevated and labile ambient osmolality as a consequence of the renal concentrating mechanism. The present review focuses on the most recent advances in hyperosmotic solute-mediated signal transduction and regulation of gene transcription in cells of the kidney medulla. 2. On the basis of osmolality alone, NaCl and urea are the principal renal medullary solutes. 3. Urea, which is membrane permeant, activates transcription of immediate-early genes via an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/Elk-1-dependent pathway. Urea also activates multiple effectors characteristic of a receptor tyrosine kinase-like signalling cascade. 4. In contrast, the functionally impermeant solute NaCl activates transcription of tonicity responsive genes (principally genes encoding proteins essential for osmolyte uptake or synthesis) via a unique consensus element contained within their 5' flanking sequences. 5. An activity exhibiting tonicity inducible sequence-specific interaction with this DNA element has been identified. 6. Hypertonicity, like thermal stress, activates transcription of genes encoding heat shock proteins. The relationship between signalling events leading to tonicity mediated and heat shock-mediated gene transcription remains to be established.
Real-time Detection of Gene Expression in Cancer Cells Using Molecular Beacon Imaging: New Strategies for Cancer Research (2005)

Development of novel approaches for quantitative analysis of gene expression in intact tumor cells should provide new means for cancer detection and for studying the response of cancer cells to biological and therapeutic reagents. We developed procedures for detecting the levels of expression of multiple genes in fixed as well as viable cells using molecular beacon imaging technology. We found that simultaneous delivery of molecular beacons targeting survivin and cyclin D1 mRNAs produced strong fluorescence in breast cancer but not in normal breast cells. Importantly, fluorescence intensity correlated well with the level of gene expression in the cells detected by real-time reverse transcription-PCR or Western blot analysis. We further show that molecular beacons can detect changes of survivin gene expression in viable cancer cells following epidermal growth factor stimulation, docetaxel treatment, and overexpression of p53 gene. Thus, molecular beacon imaging is a simple and specific method for detecting gene expression in cancer cells. It has great potential for cancer detection and drug development.
Compiler construction for digital computers (1971)

Describes the techniques involved in writing compilers for high-level languages such as FORTRAN or PL/1. Treats both theory and practical aspects of compiler writing. Discusses semantic routines, their purposes and their connection to syntax recognition.
RNADE: The real-valued neural autoregressive density-estimator (2013)

We introduce RNADE, a new model for joint density estimation of real-valued vectors. Our model calculates the density of a datapoint as the product of one-dimensional conditionals modeled using mixture density networks with shared parameters. RNADE learns a distributed representation of the data, while having a tractable expression for the calculation of densities. A tractable likelihood allows direct comparison with other methods and training by standard gradient-based optimizers. We compare the performance of RNADE on several datasets of heterogeneous and perceptual data, finding it outperforms mixture models in all but one case.
Variations in the diet of introduced Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) inferred using stable isotope analysis (2006)

Abstract The presence of introduced Norway rats Rattus norvegicus has raised concerns for the fate of the large least auklet Aethia pusilla colony situated at Sirius Point, Kiska Island, Alaska. Previous studies have documented extreme interannual variation in least auklet reproductive success and potential drastic population declines, both of which have been attributed to the varying abundance of, and predation by, Norway rats. A diet study would resolve the uncertainty that remains about the role of rats in the auklet's reproductive failure and the colony's decline. Our main objectives here were to quantify the variation in diet of introduced Norway rats and assess predation on least auklets. Using stable isotope analysis we document wide variability in rat diet dependent on location and provide direct evidence that Norway rats are preferentially preying on least auklets at Sirius Point. In conclusion, we hypothesize that the observed wide variability in rat diet will contribute to the persistence of rats on Kiska long after auklets have been extirpated. The persistence of rats enabled by their foraging plasticity will increase their effects by creating ecological traps within which prospecting individuals will fall and be depredated. This has large conservation consequences as it suggests that when seabirds are extirpated recolonization by prospecting birds is virtually impossible and island ecosystems will continue to be negatively affected and altered as long as introduced predators, such as rats, remain within them.
Gremlin-mediated Decrease in Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling Promotes Pulmonary Fibrosis (2007)

The TGF-beta and BMP signaling balance is important for lung regenerative events and is significantly perturbed in pulmonary fibrosis. Rescue of BMP signaling activity may represent a potential beneficial strategy for treating human pulmonary fibrosis.
Controlling the Porosity and Microarchitecture of Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering (2010)

Tissue engineering holds great promise for regeneration and repair of diseased tissues, making the development of tissue engineering scaffolds a topic of great interest in biomedical research. Because of their biocompatibility and similarities to native extracellular matrix, hydrogels have emerged as leading candidates for engineered tissue scaffolds. However, precise control of hydrogel properties, such as porosity, remains a challenge. Traditional techniques for creating bulk porosity in polymers have demonstrated success in hydrogels for tissue engineering; however, often the conditions are incompatible with direct cell encapsulation. Emerging technologies have demonstrated the ability to control porosity and the microarchitectural features in hydrogels, creating engineered tissues with structure and function similar to native tissues. In this review, we explore the various technologies for controlling the porosity and microarchitecture within hydrogels, and demonstrate successful applications of combining these techniques.
China’s Chemical Fiber Industry Status Quo (First 3Qs of 2012) (2013)

During the first three quarters of 2012, China’s chemical fiber industry saw an overall smooth operation while production, investment and other business activities still maintained a certain growth; however, the benefits dropped apparently owing to market downturn, weak downstream demand, continued falling product prices,as well as poor connection between manufacturing and sales, and the increased
Amorphous silicon air-gap resonators on large-area substrates (2000)

Air-gap resonators composed of bridges of hydrogenated amorphous silicon and aluminum bilayers on glass and polyethylene terephthalate substrates are realized using surface micromachining techniques. The resonance frequency of structures on plastic substrates was found to vary inversely with the square of the length of the bridge span. On glass substrates, this dependence is seen for lengths &amp;gt;100 μm, while for lengths &amp;lt;100 μm, a decrease in the frequency is attributed to compressive stress. Resonance frequencies of ∼500 kHz to ∼2 MHz were measured in bridges with lengths from 160 μm down to ∼80 μm.