gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of Dedifferentiation, Genomewide Transcriptional Programming, and Epigenetic Reprogramming by Extracts of Carcinoma and Embryonic Stem Cells (2005)

Functional reprogramming of a differentiated cell toward pluripotency may have long-term applications in regenerative medicine. We report the induction of dedifferentiation, associated with genomewide programming of gene expression and epigenetic reprogramming of an embryonic gene, in epithelial 293T cells treated with an extract of undifferentiated human NCCIT carcinoma cells. 293T cells exposed for 1 h to extract of NCCIT cells, but not of 293T or Jurkat T-cells, form defined colonies that are maintained for at least 23 passages in culture. Microarray and quantitative analyses of gene expression reveal that the transition from a 293T to a pluripotent cell phenotype involves a dynamic up-regulation of hundreds of NCCIT genes, concomitant with down-regulation of 293T genes and of indicators of differentiation such as A-type lamins. Up-regulated genes encompass embryonic and stem cell markers, including OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, and Oct4-responsive genes. OCT4 activation is associated with DNA demethylation in the OCT4 promoter and nuclear targeting of Oct4 protein. In fibroblasts exposed to extract of mouse embryonic stem cells, Oct4 activation is biphasic and RNA-PolII dependent, with the first transient rise of Oct4 up-regulation being necessary for the second, long-term activation of Oct4. Genes characteristic of multilineage differentiation potential are also up-regulated in NCCIT extract-treated cells, suggesting the establishment of "multilineage priming." Retinoic acid triggers Oct4 down-regulation, de novo activation of A-type lamins, and nestin. Furthermore, the cells can be induced to differentiate toward neurogenic, adipogenic, osteogenic, and endothelial lineages. The data provide a proof-of-concept that an extract of undifferentiated carcinoma cells can elicit differentiation plasticity in an otherwise more developmentally restricted cell type.
L'insulte : la parole et le geste (2004)

It is the title of Leroy-Gourhan&#8217;s work in this inverted order that will lead our path: insults are not limited to screams or vocatives &#8211; they are very often expressed by gestures, whether or not these are accompanied by words. The recent example of the &#8220;anarchist-entarteur&#8221; who targeted the French politician Chev&#232;nement clearly shows the link between an act and an interpretation by its victim. Thus, insults are not necessarily some abuse or a swearword; they may be a punctual act. Such an act further supposes in an enunciative analysis the recognition of the central role of the enunciator in action interpretation. This is evidenced by a corpus based on Sobrino&#8217;s Spanish-French grammar as well as Argentinean, Brazilian, Spanish and French data. This study concentrates on the notions of injunction, exclamation and onomatopoeia, which belong to the borders of the structured systems studied by grammars.
TMPRSS4 as a Poor Prognostic Factor for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2013)

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by the lack of immunohistochemical staining for estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), and lack of overexpression or amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Our aim was to investigate the expression of transmembrane protease, serine 4 (TMPRSS4) in TNBC patients and its possible relationship to the outcome of the disease. A total of 72 TNBC patients and 109 non-TNBC patients who were diagnosed between 2003 and 2008 were enrolled in this study. Immunohistochemistry was used to compare the expression pattern of TMPRSS4 in TNBC and non-TNBC groups, and the prognostic significance was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression in TNBC patients. The rate of high expression of TMPRSS4 was significantly higher in TNBC group than that in non-TNBC group. High expression of TMPRSS4 was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, histological grade, and tumor size. TNBC patients with high TMPRSS4 expression showed the poorer overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) than those patients with low TMPRSS4 expression. In multivariate analysis, only lymph node metastasis and TMPRSS4 expression were the independent prognostic factors for OS and DFS in TNBC. Our study provides evidence that TMPRSS4 expression is associated with lymph node metastasis, tumor size, and histological grade in TNBC patients, and also is an independent prognostic factor for TNBC.
Presynaptic adenosine A2A receptors enhance GABAergic synaptic transmission via a cyclic AMP dependent mechanism in the rat globus pallidus (2002)

1. We previously reported a presynaptic facilitatory action of A(2A) receptors on GABAergic synaptic transmission in the rat globus pallidus (GP). In the present study we identify the intracellular signalling mechanisms responsible for this facilitatory action of A(2A) receptors, using biochemical and patch-clamp methods in rat GP slices. 2. The adenosine A(2A) receptor selective agonist CGS21680 (1, 10 microM) and the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin (1, 10 microM) both significantly increased cyclic AMP accumulation in GP slices. The CGS21680 (1 microM)-mediated increase in cyclic AMP was inhibited by the A(2A) receptor selective antagonist KF17837 (10 microM). 3. In an analysis of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs), forskolin (10 microM) increased the mIPSC frequency without affecting their amplitude distribution, a result similar to that previously reported with CGS21680. 4. The adenylyl cyclase inhibitor 9-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-9H-purin-6-amine (SQ22,536, 300 microM) abolished the CGS21680-induced enhancement in the frequency of mIPSCs. 5. H-89 (10 microM), a selective inhibitor for cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), blocked the CGS21680-induced enhancement of the mIPSC frequency. 6. The calcium channel blocker CdCl(2) (100 microM) did not prevent CGS21680 from increasing the frequency of mIPSCs. 7. These results indicate that A(2A) receptor-mediated potentiation of mIPSCs in the GP involves the sequential activation of the A(2A) receptor, adenylyl cyclase, and then PKA, and that this facilitatory modulation could occur independently of presynaptic Ca(2+) influx.
Spinal cord stimulation in severe angina pectoris — presentation of current studies, indications and clinical experience (1996)

aMultidisciplinary Pain Center, Department of Medicine, Östra Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden bDepartment of Neurosurgery, Sahlgren's Hospital and Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Department of Medicine, Göteborg, Sweden *Corresponding author: Clas Mannheimer, Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Department of Medicine, Östra University Hospital, S-416 85 Göteborg, Telephone +46 31 374000, Fax +46 31 259254 (Received 1 May 1994; revised version received 17 March 1995; accepted 25 October 1995.)
Hepatitis B virus polymerase gene: expression of the long open reading frame using the baculovirus expression system (1992)

A recombinant baculovirus was constructed containing a copy of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome which was inserted to produce an in-frame fusion of the precore (pre-C) coding region with the first 11 amino acids of the polyhedrin gene. The recombinant baculovirus expressed the 25K pre-C protein and two novel proteins, of approximately 93K and 72K. Both the 93K and 72K proteins are recognized by an anti-polymerase monoclonal antibody. Northern blot analysis of the mRNA produced during infection of Spodoptera frugiperda cells by the HBV recombinant baculovirus detected only one HBV mRNA species, suggesting that the three HBV-specific proteins expressed are translated from the same mRNA. No larger fusion proteins cross-reacting with either anti-core or polymerase antibodies were detected. These findings suggest that the two proteins encoded within the HBV polymerase gene are not produced via a core-polymerase fusion intermediate but by internal binding of ribosomes. These results are the first clear demonstration of efficient expression of two bona fide unprocessed polymerase proteins in a 1:1 ratio from an unspliced pre-C mRNA-like transcript. With the successful expression of the polymerase gene in insect cells it is now possible to produce large amounts of these proteins, allowing a more detailed structural and functional analysis of these proteins.
Design of a two degree of freedom robotic finger (1996)

The design of mechanical hands has been investigated at many universities. Most of the hands produced by their research have large actuator packs which are usually heavy and located remotely from the hand. They are also complex to control A number of robotic hand designs are reviewed and their shortcomings are discussed briefly. A feasibility study in 1993 at the University of Canterbury on a mechanically linked finger was used as the starting point for the design of a new finger - the Canterbury finger. Several combinations of electric drive motors, gearboxes, lead screws and mechanical linkages were examined before the final configuration was selected. The result is a human sized finger and hand capable of exerting a reasonable force at the finger tip, and able to curl through 180° in two distinct motions. While the dexterity typical of tendon operated fingers is retained, the new design avoids the elasticity and friction problems of tendon operated hands. A single mechanically linked two degree-of-freedom (DOF) finger was designed, built and tested. The design and performance criteria were met, and the working finger provided insight into areas for improvement and future development. This thesis includes manufacturing drawings, test results, and basic control software for the Canterbury finger.
Selective Labeling of Living Cells by a Photo-Triggered Click Reaction (2009)

Phototriggering of the metal-free azide to acetylene cycloaddition reaction was achieved by masking the triple bond of dibenzocyclooctynes as cyclopropenone. Such masked cyclooctynes do not react with azides in the dark. Irradiation of cyclopropenones results in the efficient (Phi(355) = 0.33) and clean regeneration of the corresponding dibenzocyclooctynes, which then undergo facile catalyst-free cycloadditions with azides to give corresponding triazoles under ambient conditions. In situ light activation of a cyclopropenone linked to biotin made it possible to label living cells expressing glycoproteins containing N-azidoacetyl-sialic acid. The cyclopropenone-based phototriggered click chemistry offers exciting opportunities to label living organisms in a temporally and spatially controlled manner and may facilitate the preparation of microarrays.
Arc is a flexible modular protein capable of reversible self-oligomerization (2015)

The immediate early gene product Arc (activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein) is posited as a master regulator of long-term synaptic plasticity and memory. However, the physicochemical and structural properties of Arc have not been elucidated. In the present study, we expressed and purified recombinant human Arc (hArc) and performed the first biochemical and biophysical analysis of hArc's structure and stability. Limited proteolysis assays and MS analysis indicate that hArc has two major domains on either side of a central more disordered linker region, consistent with in silico structure predictions. hArc's secondary structure was estimated using CD, and stability was analysed by CD-monitored thermal denaturation and differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF). Oligomerization states under different conditions were studied by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and visualized by AFM and EM. Biophysical analyses show that hArc is a modular protein with defined secondary structure and loose tertiary structure. hArc appears to be pyramid-shaped as a monomer and is capable of reversible self-association, forming large soluble oligomers. The N-terminal domain of hArc is highly basic, which may promote interaction with cytoskeletal structures or other polyanionic surfaces, whereas the C-terminal domain is acidic and stabilized by ionic conditions that promote oligomerization. Upon binding of presenilin-1 (PS1) peptide, hArc undergoes a large structural change. A non-synonymous genetic variant of hArc (V231G) showed properties similar to the wild-type (WT) protein. We conclude that hArc is a flexible multi-domain protein that exists in monomeric and oligomeric forms, compatible with a diverse, hub-like role in plasticity-related processes.
Buried‐contact silicon solar cells (1993)

Abstract Recent technological and commercial developments for the buried‐contact solar cell (BCSC) are reviwed. Four of the world's largest manufacturers have entered into manufacturing agreements, with a number of these taking advantage of the high‐efficiency capabilities of the large‐area BCSCs to produce cells for solar cars in the 1990 and 1993 World Solar Challenges and in the solar car race across the USA in 1993. Despite the efficiencies and commercial interest acheived by the conventional structure for the BCSC, a number of areas for improvement remain. In particular, the rear aluminium‐alloyed region limits the cell performance, and dislocation generation resulting from stresses at the silicon/silicon dioxide interface can also play a significant role in reducing efficiencies. Through the use of a photolithographically defined rear metal contact, efficiencies in excess of 21% and open‐circuit voltages as high as 693 mV for the hybrid BCSC have been demonstrated. the effect of the heavily diffused region beneath the metal contacts in the grooves is studied and its implications for the new generation of BCSCs with grooves on front and rear surfaces are considered. the economic and technological merits of a range of groove formation approaches are discussed, with a low‐cost, high‐throughput ganged dicing wheel saw with 35 wheels showing most promise.
Dexamethasone Rapidly Induces a Novel Ras Superfamily Member-related Gene in AtT-20 Cells (1998)

Differential display was used to identify a new Ras superfamily gene (Dexras1) induced by dexamethasone (Dex) in AtT-20 cells. Treatment of AtT-20 cells with Dex for 30 min resulted in increased mRNA for Dexras1; the highest concentrations appeared after 2 h of treatment. The gene was also identified in mouse heart, brain, liver, and kidney and furthermore was induced in these tissues after Dex treatment. The deduced protein shows regions of homology characteristic of members of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases. Highest homology (36% identity, 57% positives) was found with human Rap-2b, followed closely by a number of other Ras subfamily members, suggesting that Dexras1 is probably a member of the Ras subfamily of GTPases (members include Ras and Rap). Dexras1 is the first Ras superfamily member identified that is induced in response to steroids. The function of this gene is unknown; however, its wide distribution and rapid induction by Dex suggests the possibility of a role in glucocorticoid action in a variety of tissues.
The epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII): where wild things are altered (2013)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in a variety of human epithelial tumors, often as a consequence of gene amplification. Tumors with EGFR gene amplification frequently contain EGFR gene rearrangements, with the most common extracellular domain mutation being EGFRvIII. This mutation leads to a deletion of exons 2-7 of the EGFR gene and renders the mutant receptor incapable of binding any known ligand. Despite this, EGFRvIII displays low-level constitutive signaling that is augmented by reduced internalization and downregulation. Aberrant EGFRvIII signaling has been shown to be important in driving tumor progression and often correlates with poor prognosis. It is clear that EGFRvIII is expressed in a considerable proportion of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The presence of EGFRvIII in other tumor types, however, remains controversial. In this review, we critically analyze the evidence for the expression of EGFRvIII in a range of tumor types and discuss recent findings pertinent to its function and biology in GBM.
Free hydroxyl groups are not required for endotoxic activity of lipid A (1994)

Previous studies demonstrated that lipid A from Salmonella abortusequi loses its B-cell mitogenicity for murine spleen cells as a result of the introduction of succinyl residues on hydroxyl groups and that the inactivated lipid A specifically antagonizes the mitogenicity of endotoxin. Hypothesizing that the hydroxyl groups are essential both for its biological activity and for producing nontoxic preparations having antagonistic activity, I tested the role of the hydroxyl groups in its activities by using well-characterized biologically active lipid A preparations synthesized chemically (Escherichia coli and Salmonella types 506 and 516, respectively) by the introduction of either succinyl or acetyl residues at the hydroxyl groups of each of these lipid A preparations. However, the biological activities of neither lipid A preparation were reduced at all after succinylation; in fact, succinylated 516 became much more potent than the original molecule with respect to most activities tested, i.e., lethal toxicity, Limulus gelation activity, and the induction of tumor necrosis factor release. On the other hand, when the hydroxyl groups were replaced with acetyl residues, the lethality and tumor necrosis factor-inducing activity of both lipid A preparations were decreased, whereas their Limulus gelation activity was increased. Mitogenicity was not affected much by the chemical modifications of either lipid A preparation. These findings indicate that although the residues introduced into the free hydroxyl groups of lipid A modulate its activities, the hydroxyl groups in lipid A need not exist in free form.
Supporting swift reaction: Automatically uncovering performance problems by systematic experiments (2013)

Performance problems pose a significant risk to software vendors. If left undetected, they can lead to lost customers, increased operational costs, and damaged reputation. Despite all efforts, software engineers cannot fully prevent performance problems being introduced into an application. Detecting and resolving such problems as early as possible with minimal effort is still an open challenge in software performance engineering. In this paper, we present a novel approach for Performance Problem Diagnostics (PPD) that systematically searches for well-known performance problems (also called performance antipatterns) within an application. PPD automatically isolates the problem's root cause, hence facilitating problem solving. We applied PPD to a well established transactional web e-Commerce benchmark (TPC-W) in two deployment scenarios. PPD automatically identified four performance problems in the benchmark implementation and its deployment environment. By fixing the problems, we increased the maximum throughput of the benchmark from 1800 requests per second to more than 3500.
A method of appliance detection based on features of power waveform (2004)

We propose a method to detect the model, location and activity of a conventional home electric appliance. Waveforms of current consumed by appliances vary according to their configurations and activity. We define feature parameters for detecting the status of appliances. A current detector, microcomputer and transmitter are equipped in a power outlet in order to measure consumed current, calculate the feature parameters, and transmit the results to a home server. Feature parameters of appliances in the home are learned and stored in a home server in advance. The home server compares the feature parameters of known appliances with the received feature parameters to detect an appliance's model and activity. User could control appliances from out of the house via the Internet.
Copper-Based Wood Preservatives A Comprehensive Review of Copper-Based Wood Preservatives (2008)

Thispaperfocusesonthewoodpreservationaspects ofcopperbasedbiocides. Included in this review are the following: Above ground and ground contact efficacy, permanence in above ground and ground contact uses, soil and water contact leaching, effects on wood properties and certain fixation aspects of copper systems. Previously unpublished data on the new micronized/dispersed copper based wood preservative systems are also included. These micronized systems now dominate the U .S. residential treated wood market which in turn accounts for roughly 50 percent of global wood preservation usage .
Electrochemistry of rhodium-dipyridyl complexes (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemistry of rhodium-dipyridyl complexesGregory Kew, Keith DeArmond, and Kenneth HanckCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1974, 78, 7, 727–734Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100600a017https://doi.org/10.1021/j100600a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views398Altmetric-Citations86LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Improved tools for biological sequence comparison. (1988)

We have developed three computer programs for comparisons of protein and DNA sequences. They can be used to search sequence data bases, evaluate similarity scores, and identify periodic structures based on local sequence similarity. The FASTA program is a more sensitive derivative of the FASTP program, which can be used to search protein or DNA sequence data bases and can compare a protein sequence to a DNA sequence data base by translating the DNA data base as it is searched. FASTA includes an additional step in the calculation of the initial pairwise similarity score that allows multiple regions of similarity to be joined to increase the score of related sequences. The RDF2 program can be used to evaluate the significance of similarity scores using a shuffling method that preserves local sequence composition. The LFASTA program can display all the regions of local similarity between two sequences with scores greater than a threshold, using the same scoring parameters and a similar alignment algorithm; these local similarities can be displayed as a "graphic matrix" plot or as individual alignments. In addition, these programs have been generalized to allow comparison of DNA or protein sequences based on a variety of alternative scoring matrices.