gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ectopic expression of Delta4 impairs hematopoietic development and leads to lymphoproliferative disease (2002)

Notch signaling plays a critical role in cell fate determination in many developmental systems, including the hematopoietic system. We and others have recently cloned a novel Notch ligand called Delta4. In this study, we show the effect of retrovirus-mediated ectopic expression of Delta4 in hematopoietic cells. Lethally irradiated mice transplanted with bone marrow cells expressing Delta4 initially suffered from leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Although all lineages were affected, the deficit in B cells and platelets was the most durable and profound. A rapid expansion of CD4(+)CD8(+) cells occurred shortly after transplantation. CD4(+)CD8(+) cells progressively invaded all tissues analyzed except the thymus, which surprisingly was atrophic. CD4(+)CD8(+) cells were mainly non-Delta4-transduced cells, strongly suggesting that the disease was not cell autonomous. Around 15 weeks after transplantation, mice died from this severe lymphoproliferative disorder, which was not transplantable in late-stage disease into secondary recipients. Mice transduced with a soluble form of Delta4 behaved like control mice. Characterization of early hematopoietic development revealed that Delta4 expression impaired formation of day-12 spleen colony-forming units (CFU-Ss) and, to a greater extent, pre-CFU-Ss. No effect was observed on myeloid colony-forming cells (CFU-Cs), indicating that Delta4 specifically acted on the earliest hematopoietic stem cell compartment. These results show that constitutive expression of Delta4 in hematopoietic cells impairs the development of B cells, platelets, and early stem cells and induces a lethal lymphoproliferative disease.
In Vitro Osteogenic Differentiation of Human ES Cells (2003)

Since their isolation in 1998, human embryonic stem (hES) cells have been shown to be capable of adopting various cell fates in vitro. Here, we present in vitro data demonstrating the directed commitment of human embryonic stem cells to the osteogenic lineage. Human ES cells are shown to respond to factors that promote osteogenesis, leading to activation of the osteogenic markers osteocalcin, parathyroid hormone receptor, bone sialoprotein, osteopontin, cbfa1, and collagen 1. Moreover, the mineralized nodules obtained are composed of hydroxyapatite, further establishing the similarity of osteoblasts in culture to bone. These results show that osteoblasts can be derived from human ES cultures in vitro and provide the basis for comparison of adult and embryonic-derived osteogenesis, and for an investigation of potential applications for hES cells in orthopaedic tissue repair.
α-DNA I. Synthesis, characterization by high field1H-NMR, and base-pairing properties of the unnatural hexadeoxyribonudeotide α-[d(CpCpTpTpCpC)] with its complement β-[d(GpGpApApGpG)] (1986)

The novel deoxyribonucleotide alpha-[d(CpCpTpTpCpC)] and its complement beta-[d(GpGpApApGpG)] were synthesized by the phosphotriester method. 1H-NMR-NOE examination of the alpha-hexamer revealed that the cytosine and thymine bases appear to adopt anti conformations in this strand. In addition the deoxyribose of the thymidine moieties may adopt average conformations approximating to C3'-endo while the cytidine furanose groups are close to C2'-endo conformations. Both hyperchromicity in thermal melting and detection of base paired imino protons in 1H-NMR studies in H2O provide evidence for the annealing of alpha-d[CCTTCC] with its complement beta-d[GGAAGG] in potassium phosphate buffer pH 7.1 containing 10 mM magnesium chloride. Under these conditions thermal melting begins at 38 degrees C and its complete at approximately 45 degrees C. NOE experiments do not permit a decision on the polarity of annealing (predicted to be parallel) for this particular pair of sequences.
LIKELIHOOD RATIO TESTS FOR THE MEAN STRUCTURE OF CORRELATED FUNCTIONAL PROCESSES (2012)

The paper introduces a general framework for testing hypotheses about the structure of the mean function of complex functional processes. Important particular cases of the proposed framework are: 1) testing the null hypotheses that the mean of a functional process is parametric against a nonparametric alternative; and 2) testing the null hypothesis that the means of two possibly correlated functional processes are equal or differ by only a simple parametric function. A global pseudo likelihood ratio test is proposed and its asymptotic distribution is derived. The size and power properties of the test are confirmed in realistic simulation scenarios. Finite sample power results indicate that the proposed test is much more powerful than competing alternatives. Methods are applied to testing the equality between the means of normalized δ-power of sleep electroencephalograms of subjects with sleep-disordered breathing and matched controls.
Modern Antenna Handbook (2007)

Find the most up-to-date and comprehensive treatment of classical and modern antennas and their related technologies in Modern Antenna Handbook. Have access to current theories and practices in the field of antennas, with topics like metamaterials, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), frequency selective surfaces (FSS), radar cross sections (RCS), and advanced numerical and computational methods targeted primarily for the analysis and design of antennas. Written by leading international experts, this book will help you understand recent developments in antenna-related technology and the future direction of this fast-paced field.
B-Cell Deficiency Suppresses Vaccine-Induced Protection against Murine Filariasis but Does Not Increase the Recovery Rate for Primary Infection (2001)

To establish the role of B cells and antibodies in destroying filariae, mice lacking mature B cells and therefore unable to produce antibodies were used. Litomosoides sigmodontis offers a good opportunity for this study because it is the only filarial species that completes its life cycle in mice. Its development was compared in B-cell-deficient mice (BALB/c muMT mice) and wild-type BALB/c mice in two different in vivo situations, vaccination with irradiated larvae and primary infection. In all cases, mice were challenged with subcutaneous inoculation of 40 infective larvae. Vaccine-induced protection was suppressed in B-cell-deficient mice. In these mice, eosinophils infiltrated the subcutaneous tissue normally during immunization; however, their morphological state did not change following challenge inoculation, whereas in wild-type mice the percentage of degranulated eosinophils was markedly increased. From this, it may be deduced that the eosinophil-antibody-B-cell complex is the effector mechanism of protection in vaccinated mice and that its action is fast and takes place in the subcutaneous tissue. In primary infection, the filarial survival and growth was not modified by the absence of B cells. However, no female worm had uterine microfilariae, nor did any mice develop a patent infection. In these mice, concentrations of type 1 (gamma interferon) and type 2 (interleukin-4 [IL-4], IL-5 and IL-10) cytokines in serum were lower and pleural neutrophils were more numerous. The effects of the muMT mutation therefore differ from those in B1-cell-deficient mice described on the same BALB/c background, which reveal a higher filarial recovery rate and microfilaremia. This outlines B2-cell-dependent mechanisms as favorable to the late maturation of L. sigmodontis.
Epilation of Hair-Bearing Urethral Grafts Using the Neodymium:YAG Surgical Laser (1991)

Nonhair-bearing skin should be used when grafting is necessary during urethroplasty for stricture or hypospadias repair. Occasionally, this is not possible or hair-bearing skin is used inadvertently. Traditionally, electrocoagulation has been the method used for epilation when intraluminal hair has become a problem, such as interfering with flow, as a focus for recurrent urinary tract infection or acting as a nidus for calculus formation. Electrocautery also is performed during grafting in an attempt to prevent the growth of hair when hair-bearing skin is used. Unfortunately, due to lack of penetration the hair follicles are not destroyed and the epilating procedure fails or is only partially successful. The neodymium:YAG surgical laser can photocoagulate tissue to a depth up to 5.0 mm, and thus, has the ability to destroy hair follicles. We report 4 cases presenting with clinical problems directly related to hair-bearing urethral grafts successfully treated by neodymium:YAG laser epilation.
Relaxation of the rigid backbone of an oligoamide-foldamer-based α-helix mimetic: identification of potent Bcl-xL inhibitors (2012)

By conducting a structure-activity relationship study of the backbone of a series of oligoamide-foldamer-based α-helix mimetics of the Bak BH3 helix, we have identified especially potent inhibitors of Bcl-x(L). The most potent compound has a K(i) value of 94 nM in vitro, and single-digit micromolar IC(50) values against the proliferation of several Bcl-x(L)-overexpressing cancer cell lines.
Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors:  A Structure−Activity Study (1998)

Modifications around the dipeptide-mimetic core of a hydroxamic acid based matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor were studied. These variations incorporated a variety of natural, unnatural, and synthetic amino acids in addition to modifications of the P1' and P3' substituents. The results of this study indicate the following structural requirements: (1) Two key hydrogen bonds must be present between the enzyme and potent substrates. (2) Potent inhibitors must possess strong zinc-binding functionalities. (3) The potential importance of the hydrophobic group at position R3 as illustrated by its ability to impart greater relative potency against stromelysin when larger hydrophobic groups are used. (4) Requirements surrounding the nature of the amino acid appear to be more restrictive for stromelysin than for neutrophil collagenase, 72 kDa gelatinase, and 92 kDa gelatinase. These requirements may involve planar fused-ring aryl systems and possibly hydrogen-bonding capabilities.
Online Semi-Supervised Learning with Deep Hybrid Boltzmann Machines and Denoising Autoencoders (2015)

Two novel deep hybrid architectures, the Deep Hybrid Boltzmann Machine and the Deep Hybrid Denoising Auto-encoder, are proposed for handling semi-supervised learning problems. The models combine experts that model relevant distributions at different levels of abstraction to improve overall predictive performance on discriminative tasks. Theoretical motivations and algorithms for joint learning for each are presented. We apply the new models to the domain of data-streams in work towards life-long learning. The proposed architectures show improved performance compared to a pseudo-labeled, drop-out rectifier network.
Targeting of osseous sites with alpha-emitting 223Ra: comparison with the beta-emitter 89Sr in mice. (2003)

The results of this study indicate that (223)Ra is a promising candidate for high-linear-energy transfer alpha-particle irradiation of cancer cells on bone surfaces. (223)Ra can, together with its daughter radionuclides, deliver an intense and highly localized radiation dose to the bone surfaces with substantially less irradiation of healthy bone marrow compared with standard bone-seeking beta-emitters.
Growth optimization for thick crack‐free GaN layers on sapphire with HVPE (2005)

Conditions for optimized growth of thick GaN layers with crack-free surfaces by HVPE are reported. It was found that a 1:1 mixture of H2/N2 as carrier gas leads to the lowest density of cracks in the surface. Crack formation also depends on the properties of the GaN/sapphire templates used. Best results have been obtained for 5 µm thick GaN/sapphire templates grown by MOVPE with medium compressive strain ϵzz of about 0.05%. But there is no simple dependence of the crack formation on the strain status of the starting layer indicating that the HVPE growth of GaN can itself introduce strong tensile strain. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Coronary vasomotor response to acetylcholine relates to risk factors for coronary artery disease. (1990)

In animals, acetylcholine dilates normal arteries and produces vasoconstriction in the presence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, or atherosclerosis, reflecting endothelial cell dysfunction. In patients with angiographically smooth coronary arteries, acetylcholine has been reported to produce both vasodilation and constriction. To test the hypothesis that the acetylcholine response relates to risk factors for coronary artery disease, acetylcholine 10(-8) to 10(-6) M was infused into the left anterior descending or circumflex coronary artery, and diameter changes were assessed with quantitative angiography in 34 patients with angiographically smooth coronary arteries. The acetylcholine response ranged from +37% (dilation) to -53% (constriction) at the peak acetylcholine dose. All coronary arteries dilated in response to nitroglycerin (26 +/- 17%), suggesting an abnormality of endothelial function in the patients with a constrictor response to acetylcholine. By multiple stepwise regression analysis, serum cholesterol (p less than 0.01), male gender (p less than 0.001), family history (p less than 0.05), age (p less than 0.05), cholesterol level (p less than 0.01), and total number of risk factors (p less than 0.0001) were independently associated with the acetylcholine response. Thus, coronary risk factors are associated with loss of endothelium-dependent vasodilation. The development of vasoconstriction is likely to be an abnormality of endothelial function that precedes atherosclerosis or an early marker of atherosclerosis not detectable by angiography.
Wavelet-Based Distributed Source Coding Of Video (2005)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Antalya, Turkey, 2005
The Urokinase Receptor as a Potential Target in Cancer Therapy (2004)

The glycolipid-anchored receptor for urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPAR) is essential for cell-surface associated plasminogen activation and is overexpressed at the invasive tumor-stromal microenvironment in many human cancers. In line with this, uPAR and uPA levels in both resected tumor tissue and plasma are of independent prognostic significance for patient survival in several types of human cancer. As the expression of both uPAR and its cognate protease ligand thus appears to be correlated with tumor malignancy, the uPA-uPAR interaction represents an attractive target for the development of either antagonists with possible anti-invasive effects or cytotoxic agents with anti-tumor effects. In this review we discuss recent achievements in the development of protein and peptide based drug candidates targeting uPAR. The majority of these compounds has been optimized for human uPAR and exhibits a pronounced species-specificity showing little or no reactivity with murine uPAR. This evidently complicates their application in preclinical intervention studies, since an intimate interplay between the tumor and its associated stroma is a distinct feature of the invasive phenotype of many human cancers. The virtues and drawbacks of various mouse tumor models as surrogates for human cancer are also discussed in relation to uPAR targeting. Keywords: upar, upa, cd87, peptide antagonists
Long-term survival of rats harboring brain neoplasms treated with ganciclovir and a herpes simplex virus vector that retains an intact thymidine kinase gene. (1994)

Survival of rats harboring cerebral 9L gliosarcomas can be significantly extended by an intratumoral inoculation with a herpes simplex virus vector, designated as hrR3. This vector, which bears the lacZ reporter gene, is defective in the gene encoding ribonucleotide reductase, allowing for replication in dividing tumor cells but not in postmitotic neural cells. It also possesses an intact viral thymidine kinase (TK) gene, which confers chemosensitivity to ganciclovir. In this study, the ability of ganciclovir to potentiate the antitumor effect of hrR3 was evaluated. In culture, there was a 23% decrease in the growth of 9L cells treated with hrR3 plus ganciclovir compared to hrR3 alone (P < 0.01). The combination of hrR3 plus ganciclovir led to the long-term survival of 48% of rats harboring intracerebral 9L gliosarcomas compared to 20% survival in the hrR3 group (P < 0.05). Ganciclovir treatment had no effect on the growth of tumor cells in vitro or in vivo when a herpes simplex virus vector with a defective TK gene was used. Immunocytochemistry confirmed selective expression of the TK gene in cells within the tumor. These findings indicate that the TK gene can potentiate the antitumor effect of the hrR3 herpes simplex virus vector and provide the basis for placing additional therapeutic genes in the genome of hrR3.
Purified glucocorticoid receptor-hormone complex from rat liver cytosol binds specifically to cloned mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeats in vitro. (1982)

Purified glucocorticoid hormone-receptor complex (HRC) from rat liver binds to specific DNA sequences contained in cloned mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)DNA. The binding site of the hormone-receptor complex is located in the long terminal repeat (LTR) of MMTV DNA as shown by filter binding studies with labeled restriction fragments and by visualization of DNA-receptor complexes with the electron microscope. The DNAs from cloned MMTV lacking the LTR sequences were neither retained on nitrocellulose filters nor bound specifically to HRCs examined in the electron microscope. The HRC also failed to bind to restriction fragments from pBR322 and phage lambda. Specific binding of the HRC to LTR sequences is dependent upon occupancy of the receptor by a glucocorticoid. Previous work has demonstrated that the MMTV transcription is initiated within the LTR; additionally, MMTV transcription is known to be regulated by glucocorticoids. Our present results therefore support the hypothesis that HRC regulates hormone-induced transcription by binding to specific DNA sequences near the MMTV transcription start site.
Of proteins and RNA: The RNase P/MRP family (2010)

Nuclear ribonuclease (RNase) P is a ubiquitous essential ribonucleoprotein complex, one of only two known RNA-based enzymes found in all three domains of life. The RNA component is the catalytic moiety of RNases P across all phylogenetic domains; it contains a well-conserved core, whereas peripheral structural elements are diverse. RNA components of eukaryotic RNases P tend to be less complex than their bacterial counterparts, a simplification that is accompanied by a dramatic reduction of their catalytic ability in the absence of protein. The size and complexity of the protein moieties increase dramatically from bacterial to archaeal to eukaryotic enzymes, apparently reflecting the delegation of some structural functions from RNA to proteins and, perhaps, in response to the increased complexity of the cellular environment in the more evolutionarily advanced organisms; the reasons for the increased dependence on proteins are not clear. We review current information on RNase P and the closely related universal eukaryotic enzyme RNase MRP, focusing on their functions and structural organization.
Electromagnetic Heating Method To Improve Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (2008)

Abstract The paper describes an opportunity for improvement of the widely applied Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) process for in-situ production of bitumen from oil sands deposits. The technical concept aims at Electro Magnetic (EM-SAGD) heating methods assisting the process. Preliminary investigations were carried out to confirm the feasibility of various solutions and evaluate aspects of energy efficiency and environmental impact. This solution targets energy efficiency as well as reduced environmental impact. Different electromagnetic methods have been studied. For sites with overburdens of more than 30m, the inductive method has been found to be the most reasonable in terms of technical and economical feasibility. To evaluate the lifetime efficiency, a reservoir simulator has been coupled to a finite element program, in order to implement the effects of alternating current losses. Different standard cases of thick, shallow and thin reservoir conditions have been simulated in an integrated way of investigation to compare standard SAGD and EM-SAGD. The higher effort of additional electrical heating for EM-SAGD can be justified by lower cost of steam, less amount of water usage and treatment but basically by a higher return from increased bitumen production. In most cases, an earlier production start and a higher recovery rate can be obtained. The proposed solution may contribute a significant enhanced oil recovery at specifically less energy consumption, leading to less impact to the environment in terms of green house emissions and water usage.
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL SCREENING OF SOME NOVEL 1,3,5 TRISUBSTITUTED 2- PYRAZOLINES (2009)

Certain pyrazolines of Nicotinic acid derivatives were synthesized. Nicotinic acid was converted to Nicotinic acid hydrazide. 10 different Chalcones were synthesized by reacting different aromatic aldehydes with paracetamol. These Chalcones on reaction with Nicotinic acid hydrazide yielded 10 different 2-Pyrazolines. The structure of synthesized compounds was confirmed by spectral data. They were screened for antimicrobial activities.
Neuropilin-1 is involved in regulation of apoptosis and migration of human colon cancer (2006)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays critical roles in cancer aggressiveness. We investigated the clinical and biological significance of neuropilin (NP)-1, a member of the VEGF receptor family, in colon carcinoma. We transfected NP-1-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) into a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line, WiDR, and investigated its effect on proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. We also examined the relationship between clinicopathologic features and NP-1 expression in 146 patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma who had undergone surgery. Inhibition of NP-1 expression in WiDR cells by RNA interference decreased cell migration (no treatment, 143.3/field; mock, 146.8/field; scrambled siRNA, 134.6/field; NP-1 siRNA 79.6/field) and promoted apoptosis (no treatment, 3.52%; scrambled siRNA, 3.80%; NP-1 siRNA, 14.22%), but did not alter cell proliferation. In patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma, those with tumors with high levels of NP-1 staining showed a significantly higher incidence of lymph node (73.0%) or liver (86.2%) metastasis, greater microvessel density (MVD) (60.4/field), greater number of proliferating carcinoma cells (48.6%), and lesser number of apoptotic carcinoma cells (5.70 per thousand) than those with tumors with low levels of NP-1 staining (lymph node, 56.9%; liver, 59.8%; MVD, 47.8/field; proliferating cells, 42.0%; apoptosis, 8.44 per thousand). Survival for patients with tumors with high levels of NP-1 staining was significantly shorter than for those with tumors with low levels of NP-1 staining. Our results suggest that autocrine-NP-1 pathways control the migration and survival of colon carcinoma cells. NP-1 expression may stimulate tumor growth by enhanced angiogenesis and suppression of tumor cell apoptosis, which lead to metastasis and poor prognosis.
Soft Robotics for Chemists (2011)

Soft robots: A methodology based on embedded pneumatic networks (PneuNets) is described that enables large-amplitude actuations in soft elastomers by pressurizing embedded channels. Examples include a structure that can change its curvature from convex to concave, and devices that act as compliant grippers for handling fragile objects (e.g., a chicken egg).