gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Virtual antenna arrays for future wireless mobile communication systems (2002)

A novel approach extending the possible applicability of recently emerged space time codes was introduced. It was suggested to let spatially adjacent mobile stations (MSs) co-operate with each other leading to diversity and coding gains. By means of analysis, these mobiles from a virtual antenna array were introduced. This approach successfully deals with the problem of just one receiving antenna in a handset. The idea was to relay the information from the base station (BS) antenna array using a variable number of relaying MSs. The effect of different possible configurations on the performance in terms of bit error rate (BER) versus signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) was analyzed. The results were very promising in the initial stage of development. (5 References).
A secure public wireless LAN access technique that supports walk-up users (2004)

Next-generation wireless LAN security techniques will be based on 802.1x and 802.11i/WPA standards, which mandate mutual authentication and air traffic encryption using per-user per-session keys. These requirements seem to be incompatible with supporting walk-up users (first-time users or one-time users), an important business strategy for public wireless LAN operators. This is because mutual authentication often requires a user to share a secret with an authentication server, but a walk-up user does not have a shared secret established in the public wireless LAN operator's authentication database yet. This paper proposes a secure public wireless LAN access technique to solve the above problem. It supports mutual authentication and air traffic encryption using per-user per-session keys for both registered users and walk-up users. Its authentication process consists of 802.1x/PEAP authentication and browser-based authentication. A registered user passing the 802.1x/PEAP authentication will skip the browser-based authentication. A walk-up user can pass the 802.1x/PEAP authentication using a wild-card username and password, but must then go through the browser-based authentication by either subscribing the public wireless LAN service or paying for it online. As soon as the 802.1x/PEAP authentication is passed, a per-user per-session key is generated and is used to encrypt the user's air traffic based on 802.11i/WPA The system architecture of a public wireless LAN employing this technique is also described.
Lossless and low crosstalk 4 × 4 optical switch array (1994)

Abstract The optical switch array is a key device for realizing photonic switching systems. A lossless and low crosstalk switch is the most desirable component of large‐scale switching systems which have more than 100 input/output ports. to realize such a switch monolithically, a carrier‐injection‐type optical single‐slip structure (S 3 ) switch with traveling‐wave amplifier (COSTA) have been proposed. to realize the COSTA, a carrier‐injection‐type optical switch and an optical amplifier that are suitable for integration have been developed. First, a carrier‐injection‐type optical switch where the PN junction was formed by crystal growth was fabricated. It was confirmed that the characteristics of the device do not deteriorate during heating, which makes it suitable for integration. Next, the structure of an optical amplifier which can be integrated into the optical waveguide using the reactive ion etching (RIE) process was investigated. an optical amplifier that was integrated into a straight optical waveguide was fabricated, and it was confirmed that this amplifier could produce enough gain (internal gain of 25 dB) to compensate for the loss in the optical switch. Using these two basic techniques, a 4 × 4 COSTA was fabricated. With this 4 × 4 COSTA, fiber‐to‐fiber lossless (maximum gain of 5 dB) and extremely low crosstalk characteristics (ON‐OFF ratio of 54 dB) were demonstrated.
Apoptosis of hemopoietic cells by the human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor mutant E21R. (1996)

Human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) binds to a high-affinity heterodimeric receptor composed of a specific alpha chain and a common beta chain (beta(c)), which is shared with the receptors for interleukins 3 and 5. Hemopoietic cell survival requires GM-CSF binding this high-affinity receptor. We have recently developed the GM-CSF mutant E21R, which selectively binds to the alpha chain and behaves as a competitive GM-CSF antagonist. We have now examined the role of E21R on the survival of hemopoietic cells and found that E21R causes apoptosis (programmed cell death) of normal and malignant cells directly in the absence of GM-CSF. The direct apoptotic effect of E21R occurred in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Apoptosis by E21R was dependent on cells expressing the high-affinity GM-CSF receptor and could be blocked by GM-CSF. Significantly, apoptosis of the cells occurred even in the presence of the survival factors granulocyte CSF and stem cell factor but was prevented by engagement of beta(c) with interleukin 3. The initiation of apoptosis required phosphorylation, transcriptional activity, and protein synthesis. These findings support a model whereby binding of E21R to the alpha chain leads to apoptosis, while beta(c) plays an important role in cell survival. This model may be applicable to other multimeric cytokine receptors and offers a novel approach for the treatment of human leukemia.
HEPARANASE PROTEIN AND GENE EXPRESSION IN BLADDER CANCER (2001)

Our study implies that the expression of heparanase protein and mRNA is associated with bladder cancer invasion and metastasis, and heparanase may have a role in disease progression.
Gel filtration studies on the binding of peptides to pepsin (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGel filtration studies on the binding of peptides to pepsinEsukapalli V. Raju, Robert E. Humphreys, and Joseph S. FrutonCite this: Biochemistry 1972, 11, 19, 3533–3536Publication Date (Print):September 12, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 12 September 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00769a007https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00769a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views61Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A possible molecular basis of natriuresis during ischemic-reperfusion injury in the kidney. (1998)

Ischemic renal injury is associated with increased fractional excretion of sodium, suggesting a Na+ reabsorption deficiency in renal tubules. To determine whether alterations in expression of the major Na+ transporter genes might contribute to the natriuresis that follows ischemic acute renal failure, the expression of these genes was analyzed in renal cortex and medulla after ischemic-reperfusion injury. Rats were subjected to 30 min of renal pedicle clamping and then sacrificed at 12, 24, or 48 h after reperfusion. Serum creatinine increased significantly at 12 and 24 h, indicative of acute renal failure, but decreased substantially by 48 h. mRNA levels for the NHE-3 Na/H exchanger of the proximal tubule, the apical Na-K-2Cl cotransporter of the thick ascending limb of Henle, the Na-Cl cotransporter of the distal convoluted tubule, the epithelial Na+ channel of the collecting duct, and the basolateral Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase were measured by Northern hybridization. NHE-3 mRNA decreased by approximately 75% at 12 h and remained suppressed at 24 and 48 h after reperfusion. Na-K-2Cl cotransporter mRNA decreased by approximately 88% at 12 h and remained suppressed at 24 and 48 h. Na-Cl cotransporter mRNA remained unchanged at 12 h, decreased by approximately 60% at 24 h, and returned to almost control levels at 48 h. mRNA levels for sodium channels (beta subunit) remained unchanged. Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase mRNA in the medulla decreased by approximately 35 to 40% at 12 and 24 h and by 70% at 48 h, whereas in cortex it decreased by only < 15% at 12 or 48 h after reperfusion. These results suggest that sharp reductions in expression of the NHE-3 Na/H exchanger and the apical Na-K-2Cl cotransporter are major factors in the natriuresis/diuresis that is one of the hallmarks of ischemic acute renal failure. Lasting suppression of these transporters, despite improvement in renal function, could contribute to the deranged NaCl and water excretion that often leads to volume depletion during recovery from ischemic acute renal failure.
Accuracy vs. efficiency trade-offs in probabilistic diagnosis (2002)

This paper studies the accuracy/efficiency trade-off in probabilistic diagnosis formulated as finding the most-likely explanation (MPE) in a Bayesian network. Our work is motivated by a practical problem of efficient real-time fault diagnosis in computer networks using test transactions, or probes, sent through the network. The key efficiency issues include both the cost of probing (e.g., the number of probes), and the computational complexity of diagnosis, while the diagnostic accuracy is crucial for maintaining high levels of network performance. Herein, we derive a lower bound on the diagnostic accuracy that provides necessary conditions for the number of probes needed to achieve an asymptotically error-free diagnosis as the network size increases, given prior fault probabilities and a certain level of noise in probe outcomes. Since the exact MPE diagnosis is generally intractable in large networks, we investigate next the accuracy/efficiency trade-offs for very simple and efficient local approximation techniques, based on variable-elimination (the mini-bucket scheme). Our empirical studies show that these approximations degrade gracefully with noise and often yield an optimal solution when noise is low enough, and our initial theoretical analysis explains this behavior for the simplest (greedy) approximation. These encouraging results suggest the applicability of such approximations to certain almost-deterministic diagnostic problems that often arise in practical applications.
Molecular Biomarker Analyses Using Circulating Tumor Cells (2010)

Our data suggests that molecular characterization from captured CTCs is possible and can potentially provide real-time information on biomarker status. In this regard, CTCs hold significant promise as a source of tumor material to facilitate clinical biomarker evaluation. However, limitations exist from a purely EpCAM based capture system and addition of antibodies to mesenchymal markers could further improve CTC capture efficiency to enable routine biomarker analysis from CTCs.
Diagnostic Inaccuracy of Smartphone Applications for Melanoma Detection (2013)

The performance of smartphone applications in assessing melanoma risk is highly variable, and 3 of 4 smartphone applications incorrectly classified 30% or more of melanomas as unconcerning. Reliance on these applications, which are not subject to regulatory oversight, in lieu of medical consultation can delay the diagnosis of melanoma and harm users.
Lymphoid enhancer factor 1 directs hair follicle patterning and epithelial cell fate. (1995)

T cell-specific transcription factor (TCF-1) and lymphoid enhancer factor 1 (LEF-1) have been implicated exclusively in the regulation of T cell-specific genes. The only adult tissue other than thymus known to express these factors is spleen and lymph node, which contain low levels of LEF-1 and no TCF-1. We noticed that genes involved in hair-specific gene expression possess LEF-1/TCF-1 consensus motifs located in similar positions relative to their TATA box. We show that of the two factors only LEF-1 is expressed in hair follicles; it can be cloned in both splice forms from human skin keratinocytes and it can bind to these sites in the hair promoters. We show that LEF-1 mRNA is present in pluripotent ectoderm, and it is up-regulated in a highly restricted pattern just before the formation of underlying mesenchymal condensates and commitment of overlying ectodermal cells to invaginate and become hair follicles. New waves of ectodermal LEF-1 spots appear concomitant with new waves of follicle morphogenesis. To test whether LEF-1 patterning might be functionally important for hair patterning and morphogenesis, we used transgenic technology to alter the patterning and timing of LEF-1 over the surface ectoderm. Striking abnormalities arose in the positioning and orientation of hair follicles, leaving a marked disruption of this normally uniform patterning. This provides the first direct evidence that ectodermal cues are critical in establishing these developmental processes, which at later stages are known to be influenced by underlying mesenchyme. Remarkably, elevated LEF-1 in the lip furrow epithelium of developing transgenic animals triggered these cells to invaginate, sometimes leading to the inappropriate adoption of hair follicle and tooth cell fates. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that ectodermal expression of LEF-1 plays a central role in gene expression, pattern formation, and other developmental processes involving epithelial-mesenchymal associations.
Regions of genomic instability on 22q11 and 11q23 as the etiology for the recurrent constitutional t(11;22) (2000)

The constitutional t(11;22)(q23;q11) is the only known recurrent, non-Robertsonian translocation. To analyze the genomic structure of the breakpoint, we have cloned the junction fragments from the der(11) and der(22) of a t(11;22) balanced carrier. On chromosome 11 the translocation occurs within a short, palindromic AT-rich region (ATRR). Likewise, the breakpoint on chromosome 22 has been localized within an ATRR that is part of a larger palindrome. Interestingly, the 22q11 breakpoint falls within one of the 'unclonable' gaps in the genomic sequence. Further, a sequenced chromosome 11 BAC clone, spanning the t(11;22) breakpoint in 11q23, is deleted within the palindromic ATRR, suggesting instability of this region in bacterial clones. Several unrelated t(11;22) families demonstrate similar breakpoints on both chromosomes, indicating that their translocations are within the same palindrome. It is likely that the palindromic ATRRs produce unstable DNA structures in 22q11 and 11q23 that are responsible for the recurrent t(11;22) translocation.
Predicting Asthma-Related Emergency Department Visits Using Big Data (2015)

Asthma is one of the most prevalent and costly chronic conditions in the United States, which cannot be cured. However, accurate and timely surveillance data could allow for timely and targeted interventions at the community or individual level. Current national asthma disease surveillance systems can have data availability lags of up to two weeks. Rapid progress has been made in gathering nontraditional, digital information to perform disease surveillance. We introduce a novel method of using multiple data sources for predicting the number of asthma-related emergency department (ED) visits in a specific area. Twitter data, Google search interests, and environmental sensor data were collected for this purpose. Our preliminary findings show that our model can predict the number of asthma ED visits based on near-real-time environmental and social media data with approximately 70% precision. The results can be helpful for public health surveillance, ED preparedness, and targeted patient interventions.
CD4+ T cell‐mediated HER‐2/neu‐specific tumor rejection in the absence of B cells (2003)

HER-2/neu (HER-2) is a cell surface proto-oncogene that is often overexpressed in carcinomas. Passive administration of anti-HER-2 antibodies in breast cancer patients has achieved promising results, but less is known about the role of antibodies in active immunization. We asked whether B cells/antibodies are needed for tumor immunity induced by plasmid (HER-2 and GM-CSF) immunization. HER-2 specific tumor immunity relied completely on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. IFN-gamma, and to a lesser extent IL-4, seemed to be crucial cytokines during tumor rejection. Protection was associated with production of anti-HER-2 IgG antibodies in B cell competent mice. After immunization, however, B cell-deficient mice rejected HER-2-expressing tumors as efficiently as control littermates. We conclude that T cells are the main effector cells in DNA vaccine induced immunity against HER-2 and that anti HER-2 antibodies are not necessary to elicit a protective anti tumor immune response in this model.
Phase II study of ruxolitinib in patients with pStat3+ breast cancer. (2013)

TPS1134 Background: Multiple lines of evidence implicate the IL-6/JAK2/Stat3 signaling pathway in metastatic progression and therapeutic resistance in breast cancer (Marotta et al, JCI2011; Britschgi et al, Cancer Cell 2012). Ruxolitinib, an oral inhibitor of JAK1 and JAK2, is approved for the treatment of intermediate or high-risk myelofibrosis, but has not been extensively tested in solid tumors. Methods: Pts with triple-negative breast cancer or inflammatory breast cancer of any subtype are eligible for prescreening of archival tumor tissue for pStat3 expression by immunohistochemistry. Pts with high (Cohort A; T-score &gt;5) or low (Cohort B; T-score 3-4) pStat3 expression, measurable disease, adequate organ function, ECOG PS 0-2, and progression through &gt; 1 line of prior therapy may proceed to receive ruxolitinib, 25 mg orally twice daily. Staging studies are performed at baseline (BL) and every 8 weeks (wk). Baseline tumor biopsy is required for pts who have accessible disease, with an optional biopsy at progression. Blood for IL-6, CRP, and circulating tumor cells are collected at BL, Wk 4, and off-treatment. Patient reported outcomes including EORTC QLQ C-30 and the M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory are collected at BL, Wk 4, Wk 8, and off-treatment. Statistical Considerations: The primary endpoint of this open-label phase 2 trial is objective response by RECIST 1.1. The study is designed to distinguish between a response rate of 5% versus 20% in each cohort, separately. If &gt; 2 responses out of 21 pts are observed in the first stage of Cohort A, a further 20 pts will be entered on that cohort; the agent will be deemed worthy of further study if &gt; 5 of the total 41 pts achieve an objective response (power 0.90, type I error 0.046). Cohort B will open to accrual if Cohort A passes the first stage. If &gt; 2 responses out of 21 pts are observed in the first stage of Cohort B, a further 20 patients will be entered into Cohort B, and the agent will be deemed worthy of further study if &gt; 5 of the total 41 pts achieve an objective response (power 0.90, type I error 0.046). Study Status: A total of 85 patients have consented for prescreening of tumor tissue. As of January 3, 2013, 5 of a planned 41 patients with high pStat3 IHC scores have been treated with ruxolitinib, and accrual is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT01562873.
MicroRNA-directed transcriptional gene silencing in mammalian cells (2008)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level in the cytoplasm, but recent findings suggest additional roles for miRNAs in the nucleus. To address whether miRNAs might transcriptionally silence gene expression, we searched for miRNA target sites proximal to known gene transcription start sites in the human genome. One conserved miRNA, miR-320, is encoded within the promoter region of the cell cycle gene POLR3D in the antisense orientation. We provide evidence of a cis-regulatory role for miR-320 in transcriptional silencing of POLR3D expression. miR-320 directs the association of RNA interference (RNAi) protein Argonaute-1 (AGO1), Polycomb group (PcG) component EZH2, and tri-methyl histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) with the POLR3D promoter. Our results suggest the existence of an epigenetic mechanism of miRNA-directed transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) in mammalian cells.
Development of Substrate Structures and Processes for Practical Applications of Various Surface Acoustic Wave Devices (2005)

The author and coengineers have developed, put to practical use, mass-produced, and commercialized various surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. Their success depended largely on the development of SAW substrate materials, SAW device structures, and the processes of producing with the cooperation of many engineers. The author reports the development and practical applications of several SAW devices: (1) ZnO/glass structure SAW filters for video intermediate frequency (VIF) for televisions (TVs) or video cassette recorders (VCRs), (2) small resonators and filters using Bleustein-Gulyaev-Shimizu (BGS) wave's edge reflection on ceramic substrates, (3) small filters using shear horizontal leaky SAWs on heavy-density-metal electrode/quartz structures, (4) ZnO/quartz structure SAW filters, and (5) SAW duplexers with excellent temperature characteristics for personal communication services (PCSs) in the US.
<title>Stereo imaging system for dimensional measurement</title> (1997)

3D surface geometry is a critical parameters in a part assembly process. The general technique of stereo imaging can provide non-contacting dimensional measurement by triangulation to determine coordinates of selected points on an object, from which dimensional information can be derived. A laboratory stereo imaging system employing tow CCD cameras has been developed to achieve accurate, high precision dimensional measurement. This system allows flexible camera placement and easy calibration. It resolved the stereo correlation problem by utilizing a laser scanner to mark measurement points with high-intensity, small- diameter light spots. This system can be implemented in- process for a variety of surface geometry inspections under rugged manufacturing conditions.
Effects of Compatible Solutes on Mammalian Cytochrome P450 Stability (1997)

The sensitivity of pig cytochrome P450c17 (CYP17), an endoplasmic reticulum membrane-bound enzyme, towards heat denaturation (48 degrees C) was measured by the P450-to-P420 spectral transition indicating conformational labilization of the protein. Both sucrose and glucose have comparable and increasingly protective effects at concentrations ranging from 100 to 800 mM, while ectoine, a novel zwitterionic compatible solute which regulates bacterial osmoadaptation and stabilizes cytoplasmic enzymes, has a strong labilizing effect on CYP17 and favours its proteolytic inactivation possibly by electrostatic derangements. Sucrose or glucose, but not ectoine, can therefore eventually be proposed as compatible stabilizers of cytochrome P450 structures.