gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses to HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase (Review) (1998)

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) play an important role in the control of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. CTL responses have been demonstrated for most of the HIV gene products, predominantly gag, pol, and env-encoded proteins, and also for the regulatory proteins Nef, Tat, Vif, or Rev. The HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT), which derives from expression of the pol gene, is an important target of cellular immune responses in infected individuals. More than 40 different peptides containing RT-specific CTL epitopes have been identified. The most conserved and frequently detected are located in the 'fingers' and 'palm' subdomains of the enzyme, but other epitopes have been found in the 'thumb' and 'connection' subdomains as well as in the RNase H domain. Studies on the sequence variability and functional role of amino acids forming CTL epitopes are relevant for addressing important questions relative to viral escape from immmune control and the future design of anti-AIDS vaccines.
Slicing real-time programs for enhanced schedulability (1997)

In this article we present a compiler-based technique to help develop correct real-time systems. The domain we consider is that of multiprogrammed real-time applications, in which periodic tasks control physical systems via interacting with external sensors and actuators. While a system is up and running, these operations must be performed as specified—otherwise the system may fail. Correctness depends not only on each program individually, but also on the time-multiplexed behavior of all of the programs running together. Errors due to overloaded resources are exposed very late in a development process, and often at runtime. They are usually remedied by human-intensive activities such as instrumentation, measurement, code tuning and redesign. We describe a static alternative to this process, which relies on well-accepted technologies from optimizing compilers and fixed-priority scheduling. Specifically, when a set of tasks are found to be overloaded, a scheduling analyzer determines candidate tasks to be transformed via program slicing. The slicing engine decomposes each of the selected tasks into two fragments: one that is “time critical” and the other “unobservable.” The unobservable part is then spliced to the end of the time-critical code, with the external semantics being maintained. The benefit is that the scheduler may postpone the unobservable code beyond its original deadline, which can enhance overall schedulability. While the optimization is completely local, the improvement is realized globally, for the entire task set.
Gene expression profiles in BCL11B-siRNA treated malignant T cells (2011)

BCL11B-siRNA treatment altered expression profiles of TNFSF10, BCL2L1, and SPP1 in both Molt-4 T cell line and primary T-ALL cells.
Vitamin D2 Is as Effective as Vitamin D3 in Maintaining Circulating Concentrations of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (2007)

A 1000 IU dose of vitamin D2 daily was as effective as 1000 IU vitamin D3 in maintaining serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and did not negatively influence serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels. Therefore, vitamin D2 is equally as effective as vitamin D3 in maintaining 25-hydroxyvitamin D status.
Single photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography in cancer imaging (1991)

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) are now being used to improve the information available from radioisotopic imaging of patients with cancer. These nuclear medicine techniques offer the potential for studying regional function and biochemistry by using radiolabeled substrates. The chemical changes of malignancy precede anatomic changes, and PET and/or SPECT may detect these changes before anatomic changes have occurred. The superiority of SPECT compared with planar imaging has been demonstrated for cardiac and brain imaging. Radiopharmaceuticals containing technetium 99 m (99mTc) are best suited for SPECT imaging because large amounts of radioactivity are administered and the collimator-camera systems are optimized for the 140 keV photons of 99mTc. The current interest in imaging cancer with SPECT relates to the use of gallium 67 citrate and monoclonal antibodies labeled with iodine 123 or indium 111. SPECT can image these radioisotopes, but the advantages compared with planar imaging have not been clearly defined. Furthermore, the ability to quantitate the distribution of single photon emitters other than 99mTc has not been demonstrated. New SPECT systems with three heads or rings of detectors offer promise for improved, quantitative imaging. PET has the capability of imaging tracers with the biologically important elements C-11, N-13, O-15, and F-18 used for positron labeling. These radioisotopes have short half-lives and require a cyclotron close to the PET facility. The most prominently used radiopharmaceutical for PET is F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). PET studies with FDG in patients with primary brain tumors have demonstrated the ability to determine the degree of malignancy, to differentiate necrosis from recurrent tumor after radiation therapy or chemotherapy, and to predict prognosis. Other metabolic functions of cancer have been studied, including amino acid accumulation, thymidine uptake, oxygen utilization, intermediary metabolism, and receptor status. PET has the potential to make a major impact on the characterization of a malignancy and the effect of therapy.
Common path swept-source OCT interferometer with artifact removal (2008)

We present here the implementation of a fiber-based common-path interferometer for Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography (SS-OCT). A common path configuration is often a suitable approach for increasing the stability of the measurements. Optical fibers are sensitive to temperature and some other mechanical perturbations which compromise absolute accuracy measurements. A common-path configuration provides a mean to define a reference at the probe location and, thereby, to compensate for the optical path length perturbations. Additionally, in SS-OCT, we have to deal with autocorrelation noise and the mirror image artifact due to the computation of the Fourier transform. Thus, our common-path implementation also includes acousto-optics modulators to remove the depth degeneracy as it has already been done when using a "traditional" interferometer configuration. The efficiency of our system is validated by comparing images acquired with a "traditional" SS-OCT configuration and with our common path SS-OCT configuration.
Coherent Phonon Generation and Detection by Picosecond Light Pulses (1984)

Using the picosecond pump and probe technique we have detected oscillations of photoinduced transmission and reflection in thin films of $a$-${\mathrm{As}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Te}}_{3}$ and cis-polyacetylene. These oscillations are due to the generation and propagation of coherent acoustic phonons in the film. We discuss the generation and detection mechanism, and we use this effect to measure the sound velocity in a film of $a$-Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$.
Preparation and 13C NMR spectroscopic characterisation of C60Cl6 (1993)

Reaction of an excess of iodine monochloride with C60, in either benzene or toluene at room temperature, gives a quantitative yield of C60Cl6, the 13C NMR spectrum of which indicates that it is isostructural with C60Br6.
The tentorial notch: anatomical variation, morphometric analysis, and classification in 100 human autopsy cases (2002)

The authors present a new classification system for the tentorial aperture to help explain variations in herniation syndromes in patients with otherwise similar intracranial pathological conditions, and responses to concussive and acceleration-deceleration injuries. The authors present observations not previously described regarding the position of the brainstem within the tentorial aperture and the cisternal portion of the third cranial nerves. A significant statistical correlation was discovered among specific morphometric parameters of the tentorial notch, brainstem, and oculomotor nerves. These findings may have neurosurgical implications in clinical situations that cause brainstem distortion. Additionally, this analysis provides baseline data for interpreting magnetic resonance and computerized tomography images of the tentorial notch and its regional anatomy.
Synthesis of certain N‐ and C‐alkyl purine analogs (1993)

Abstract A number of N ‐ and C ‐alkyl derivatives of selected guanine analogs have been synthesized as potential antiviral agents. n ‐Pentyl, n ‐hexyl and 6‐hydroxyhexyl derivatives in the imidazo[1,2‐α]‐ s ‐triazine, 9–11 , imid‐azo[1,2‐α]pyrimidine, 13–17 , and thiazolo[4,5‐ d ]pyrimidine, 19–21, ring system have been prepared by the direct alkylation of the sodium salt of the appropriate aglycon with the respective alkylbromides. Dehydra‐tive coupling of 3‐amino‐6‐hydrazino‐1,2,4‐triazin‐5(4 H )‐one ( 22 ) with either hexanoic acid or heptanoic acid, and further ring closure of the reaction products 24a and 24b provided the n ‐pentyl and n ‐hexyl derivatives of 6‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazolo[3,4‐ f ][1,2,4]triazin‐8(7 H )‐one 25a and 25b , respectively. A similar condensation of 3‐amino‐6‐aminomethyl‐1,2,4‐triazin‐5(4 H )‐one ( 23 ) with heptanoic acid, followed by ring annulation, readily gave 2‐amino‐7‐ n ‐hexylimidazo[5,1‐ f ][1,2,4]triazin‐4(3 H )‐one ( 25c ). Bromination of 25c with N ‐bromosuccini‐mide afforded the corresponding 5‐bromo derivative 26 . Alkylation of the in situ generated sodium salt of 4‐methoxycarbonylmethyl‐5‐methoxycarbonyl‐2‐oxo‐1 H ,3 H ‐imidazole ( 27 ) with 1‐bromohexane gave the N‐1 alkylated product 31 . Manipulation of the functional groups in 31 and further hydrazine mediated ring annulation furnished 5,6‐diamino‐1‐ n ‐hexyl‐3‐methylimidazo[4,5‐ c ]pyridine‐2,4‐dione ( 39 ). Catalytic hydrogena‐tion of 39 gave 7‐methyl‐8‐oxo‐9‐hexyl‐3‐deazaguanine ( 40 ), a congener of the immunostimulator 7‐methyl‐8‐oxoguanosine.
A Conformal, Bio-Interfaced Class of Silicon Electronics for Mapping Cardiac Electrophysiology (2010)

In all current implantable medical devices such as pacemakers, deep brain stimulators, and epilepsy treatment devices, each electrode is independently connected to separate control systems. The ability of these devices to sample and stimulate tissues is hindered by this configuration and by the rigid, planar nature of the electronics and the electrode-tissue interfaces. Here, we report the development of a class of mechanically flexible silicon electronics for multiplexed measurement of signals in an intimate, conformal integrated mode on the dynamic, three-dimensional surfaces of soft tissues in the human body. We demonstrate this technology in sensor systems composed of 2016 silicon nanomembrane transistors configured to record electrical activity directly from the curved, wet surface of a beating porcine heart in vivo. The devices sample with simultaneous submillimeter and submillisecond resolution through 288 amplified and multiplexed channels. We use this system to map the spread of spontaneous and paced ventricular depolarization in real time, at high resolution, on the epicardial surface in a porcine animal model. This demonstration is one example of many possible uses of this technology in minimally invasive medical devices.
The Outcome and Repair Integrity of Completely Arthroscopically Repaired Large and Massive Rotator Cuff Tears (2004)

Arthroscopic repair of large and massive rotator cuff tears led to a high percentage of recurrent defects. The minimum twelve-month evaluation showed excellent pain relief and improvement in the ability to perform activities of daily living despite the high rate of recurrent defects; however, at a minimum follow-up of two years, the results deteriorated with only twelve patients who had an American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score of >/=80.
Demonstration of immunoglobulin G receptors induced by human cytomegalovirus (1975)

Human cytomegalovirus induced a new immunoglobulin G receptor in human fibroblasts. The immunoglobulin G receptor was well localized in the perinuclear region at 48 h postinfection, and antiviral agents blocked its synthesis. The immunoglobulin G receptor bound immunoglobulin G of man and several other species. It may be a source of error in the performance of indirect fluorescence tests for human cytomegalovirus antibody.
Energy-Efficient Abundant-Data Computing: The N3XT 1,000x (2015)

Next-generation information technologies will process unprecedented amounts of loosely structured data that overwhelm existing computing systems. N3XT improves the energy efficiency of abundant-data applications 1,000-fold by using new logic and memory technologies, 3D integration with fine-grained connectivity, and new architectures for computation immersed in memory.
Hybrid toxin of the A chain of ricin toxin and a subunit of Wistaria floribunda lectin. Possible importance of the hydrophobic region for entry of toxin into the cell. (1980)

About 27% or more of the total amount of the A chain of ricin toxin associated with lipid vesicles, whereas less than 1.4% of the A fragment of diphtheria toxin associated with the vesicles under the various conditions tested. Two hybrid toxins were constituted from a subunit of Wistaria floribunda lectin and the A fragment of diphtheria toxin (Uchida, Y., Yamaizumi, M., Mekada, E., Okada, Y., Tsuda, M., Kurokawa, T., and Sugino, Y. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 6307-6310) and the A chain of ricin toxin, which has higher affinity to lipids than the A fragment of diphtheria toxin. The toxicity of the hybrid of the A chain of ricin and the subunit of W. floribunda lectin, estimated by measuring the inhibition of protein synthesis of cultured cells, was about 100 to 200 times that of the hybrid of the A fragment of diphtheria and the subunit of W. floribunda lectin. These findings may suggest that a hydrophobic region of the toxin is essential for entry of toxin into the cells.
Fast evaluation of logarithms in fields of characteristic two (1984)

A method for determining logarithms in GF <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(2^{n})</tex> is presented. Its asymptotic running time is <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O(\exp (cn^{1/3} \log^{2/3} n))</tex> for a small constant <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</tex> , while, by comparison, Adleman's scheme runs in time <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O(\exp (c^{'}n^{1/2} \log^{1/2} n ))</tex> . The ideas give a dramatic improvement even for moderate-sized fields such as GF <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(2^{127})</tex> , and make (barely) possible computations in fields of size around <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2^{400}</tex> . The method is not applicable to GF <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(q)</tex> for a large prime <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</tex> .
Transposition and site-specific recombination: adapting DNA cut-and-paste mechanisms to a variety of genetic rearrangements (2006)

In bacteria, two categories of specialised recombination promote a variety of DNA rearrangements. Transposition is the process by which genetic elements move between different locations of the genome, whereas site-specific recombination is a reaction in which DNA strands are broken and exchanged at precise positions of two target DNA loci to achieve determined biological function. Both types of recombination are represented by diverse genetic systems which generally encode their own recombination enzymes. These enzymes, generically called transposases and site-specific recombinases, can be grouped into several families on the basis of amino acid sequence similarities, which, in some cases, are limited to a signature of a few residues involved in catalysis. The well characterised site-specific recombinases are found to belong to two distinct groups whereas the transposases form a large super-family of enzymes encompassing recombinases from both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In spite of important differences in the catalytic mechanisms used by these three classes of enzymes to cut and rejoin DNA molecules, similar strategies are used to coordinate the biochemical steps of the recombination reaction and to control its outcome. This review summarises our current understanding of transposition and site-specific recombination, attempting to illustrate how relatively conserved DNA cut-and-paste mechanisms can be used to bring about a variety of complex DNA rearrangements.
Regulated expression of the RB “tumor suppressor gene” in normal lymphocyte mitogenesis: Elevated expression in transformed leukocytes and role as a “status quo” gene (1991)

Expression of the RB retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene product is regulated early during the stimulation of normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes, suggesting a regulatory role for the amount of this protein in mitogenesis of normal cells. When normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes were mitogenically stimulated with pokeweed mitogen, bivariate flow cytometric measurements of cellular DNA and RB protein content showed an early decrease in the amount of RB protein per cell, anteceding onset of S phase. A subsequent increase in the amount of RB protein per cell occurred with cell proliferation. Thus the amount of RB protein relative to the total cell mass underwent a biphasic response with mitogenesis. The resulting proliferating cells had a slightly elevated level of RB protein per cell compared to the unstimulated cells. Comparison of other proliferating leukocytes to normal lymphocytes showed that both EBV virally transformed lymphocytes and human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) had elevated levels of RB protein per cell compared to normal peripheral blood lymphocytes. Mitogenic stimulation or transformation by other means thus is associated with regulation of the amount of RB protein per cell, suggesting a regulatory role for the RB protein in normal cell growth control.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of Oligonucleotides Containing a Site-Specific Psoralen Derivative (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSolid-Phase Synthesis of Oligonucleotides Containing a Site-Specific Psoralen DerivativeWilliam R. Kobertz and John M. EssigmannView Author Information Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 25, 5960–5961Publication Date (Web):June 25, 1997Publication History Received30 January 1997Published online25 June 1997Published inissue 1 June 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9703178https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9703178rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views335Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Adducts,Biopolymers,Genetics,Light,Nucleic acid structure Get e-Alerts
The Eukaryotic Promoter Database EPD (1998)

The Eukaryotic Promoter Database (EPD) is an annotated non-redundant collection of experimentally characterised eukaryotic POL II promoters. The underlying definition of a promoter is that of a transcription initiation site. All information presented in EPD results from an independent evaluation of primary experimental data shown in the biological literature. Sequences flanking transcription initiation sites are indirectly given by pointers to EMBL sequences. The annotation part of a promoter entry includes description of the promoter-defining evidence, cross-references to other databases, and bibliographic references. Being designed as a resource for comparative sequence analysis, EPD is structured in a way that facilitates dynamic extraction of biologically meaningful promoter subsets. The database is available through the World Wide Web at URL http://cmpteam4.unil.ch
Demonstration of a semipolar (101¯3¯) InGaN∕GaN green light emitting diode (2005)

We demonstrate the growth and fabrication of a semipolar (101¯3¯) InGaN∕GaN green (∼525nm) light emitting diode (LED). The fabricated devices demonstrated a low turn-on voltage of 3.2V and a series resistance of 14.3Ω. Electroluminescence measurements on the semipolar LED yielded a reduced blueshifting of the peak emission wavelength with increasing drive current, compared to a reference commercial c-plane LED. On-wafer measurements yielded an approximately linear increase in output power with drive current, with measured values of 19.3 and 264μW at drive currents of 20 and 250mA, respectively. The external quantum efficiency did not decrease appreciably at high currents. Polarization anisotropy was also observed in the electroluminescence from the semipolar green LED, with the strongest emission intensity parallel to the [12¯10] direction. A polarization ratio of 0.32 was obtained at a drive current of 20mA.
A mobile brain sensing system for recommending third places (2013)

Newly available EEG headsets allow us to sense mental states which could be useful in understanding how our brains are affected by the surrounding environments. In this paper, we present a novel recommendation approach that is based on mental states analysis. Mobile EEG headsets are used to detect mental states at different places to understand how they stimulate our brain signals. By analyzing EEG data, we could classify places according to the mental state signature, then we could build a map to guide and recommend therapeutical third places to people that lessen brain fatigue and mental rejuvenation.
Functional Implication of the Vitamin A Signaling Pathway in the Brain (2007)

Vitamin A is necessary for normal embryonic development, but its role in the adult brain is poorly understood. Vitamin A derivatives, retinoids, are involved in a complex signaling pathway that regulates gene expression and, in the central nervous system, controls neuronal differentiation and neural tube patterning. Although a major functional implication of retinoic signaling has been repeatedly suggested in synaptic plasticity, learning and memory, sleep, schizophrenia, depression, Parkinson disease, and Alzheimer disease, the targets and the underlying mechanisms in the adult brain remain elusive.
Plant genotyping: the DNA fingerprinting of plants (2001)

Molecular markers available for use in plant genotyping genotyping plant genetic resource collections genotyping cultivated and wild germplasm development of molecular markers for use in plant genotyping technical developments and issues in plant genotyping. (Part contents).