gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SiGe/Si heterojunction internal photoemission long-wavelength infrared detectors fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy (1991)

A new SiGe/Si heterojunction internal photoemission (HIP) long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) detector has been fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The detection mechanism of the SiGe/Si HIP detector is infrared absorption in the degenerately doped p/sup +/-SiGe layer followed by internal photoemission of photoexcited holes over a heterojunction barrier. By adjusting the Ge concentration in the SiGe layer, and, consequently, the valence band offset between SiGe and Si, the cutoff wavelength of SiGe HIP detectors can be extended into the LWIR (8-17- mu m) regime. Detectors were fabricated by growing p/sup +/-SiGe layers using MBE on patterned p-type Si substrates. The SiGe layers were boron-doped, with concentrations ranging from 10/sup 19/ cm/sup -3/ to 4*10/sup 20/ cm/sup -3/. Infrared absorption of 5-25% in a 30-nm-thick p/sup +/-SiGe layer was measured in the 3-20- mu m range using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Quantum efficiencies of 3-5% have been obtained from test devices in the 8-12- mu m range.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases and matrix degrading activity in vulnerable regions of human atherosclerotic plaques. (1994)

Dysregulated extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism may contribute to vascular remodeling during the development and complication of human atherosclerotic lesions. We in- vestigated the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of enzymes that degrade ECM compo- nents in human atherosclerotic plaques (n =30) and in uninvolved arterial specimens (n=11). We studied members of all three MMP classes (interstitial coilagenase, MMP-1; gel- atinases, MMP-2 and MMP-9; and stromelysin, MMP-3) and their endogenous inhibitors (TIMPs 1 and 2) by immu- nocytochemistry, zymography, and immunoprecipitation. Normal arteries stained uniformly for 72-kD gelatinase and TIMPs. In contrast, plaques' shoulders and regions of foam cell accumulation displayed locally increased expression of 92-kD gelatinase, stromelysin, and interstitial collagenase. However, the mere presence of MMP does not establish their catalytic capacity, as the zymogens lack activity, and TIMPs may block activated MMPs. All plaque extracts con- tained activated forms of gelatinases determined zymo- graphically and by degradation of 3H-collagen type IV. To test directly whether atheromata actually contain active ma- trix-degrading enzymes in situ, we devised a method which allows the detection and microscopic localization of MMP enzymatic activity directly in tissue sections. In situ zymog- raphy revealed gelatinolytic and caseinolytic activity in fro- zen sections of atherosclerotic but not of uninvolved arterial tissues. The MMP inhibitors, EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline, as well as recombinant TIMP-1, reduced these activities which colocalized with regions of increased immunoreactive MMP expression, i.e., the shoulders, core, and microvascula- ture of the plaques. Focal overexpression of activated MMP may promote destabilization and complication of atherosclerotic plaques and provide novel targets for therapeutic in- tervention. (
Context-aware communication (2002)

This article describes how the changing information about an individual's location, environment, and social situation can be used to initiate and facilitate people's interactions with one another, individually and in groups. Context-aware communication is contrasted with other forms of context-aware computing, and we characterize applications in terms of design decisions along two dimensions: the extent of autonomy in context sensing and the extent of autonomy in communication action. A number of context-aware communication applications from the research literature are presented in five application categories. Finally, a number of issues related to the design of context-aware communication applications are presented.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Mutations Affecting the Interleukin-10 Receptor (2009)

Mutations in genes encoding the IL10R subunit proteins were found in patients with early-onset enterocolitis, involving hyperinflammatory immune responses in the intestine. Allogeneic stem-cell transplantation resulted in disease remission in one patient.
Involvement of Caspase-1 and Caspase-3 in the Production and Processing of Mature Human Interleukin 18 in Monocytic THP.1 Cells (1997)

Recently, human interleukin 18 (hIL-18) cDNA was cloned, and the recombinant protein with a tentatively assigned NH2-terminal amino acid sequence was generated. However, natural hIL-18 has not yet been isolated, and its cellular processing is therefore still unclear. To clarify this, we purified natural hIL-18 from the cytosolic extract of monocytic THP.1 cells. Natural hIL-18 exhibited a molecular mass of 18.2 kDa, and the NH2-terminal amino acid was Tyr37. Biological activities of the purified protein were identical to those of recombinant hIL-18 with respect to the enhancement of natural killer cell cytotoxicity and interferon-gamma production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We also found two precursor hIL-18 (prohIL-18)-processing activities in the cytosol of THP.1 cells. These activities were blocked separately by the caspase inhibitors Ac-YVAD-CHO and Ac-DEVD-CHO. Further analyses of the partially purified enzymes revealed that one is caspase-1, which cleaves prohIL-18 at the Asp36-Tyr37 site to generate the mature hIL-18, and the other is caspase-3, which cleaves both precursor and mature hIL-18 at Asp71-Ser72 and Asp76-Asn77 to generate biologically inactive products. These results suggest that the production and processing of natural hIL-18 are regulated by two processing enzymes, caspase-1 and caspase-3, in THP.1 cells.
연구논문 : 감가루를 첨가한 매작과의 관능적 특성 (2002)

Persimmon powder (PW), which was prepared by pulverizing freeze-dried persimmon with peels, was added to Maejakgwa up to 25% of wheat flour. Maejakgwa samples were prepared by the central composit experimental design for three independent variables: amount of PW, frying time, and frying temperature. The color of Maejakgwa was influenced more by the frying time and temperature than the content of added PW. Crispiness and adhesiveness were highly correlated with overall preference. Although the amount of PW affected the adhesiveness, the adhesiveness could be controlled by the frying temperature and time. Frying temperature was the most effective factor on the crispness and hardness. The addition of high amount of PW obviously increased the sweetness and aftertaste. However, at the low amount of PW, frying for longer time at high temperature also increased the sweetness and aftertaste. Center sample (15% PW, frying for 4 min at 145℃) showed the best score at the overall preference. Overall preference was improved as the sample was fried at high temperature/short time or at low temperature/long time. Maejakgwa prepared with high amount of PW at 20% showed no significant difference with the center sample for overall preference as prepared by frying for 3 min at 155℃. The optimum condition obtained by superimposing color, crispiness and overall preference was frying for 5∼6 min at 131∼140℃.
"Checkerboard" DNA-DNA hybridization. (1994)

A method is introduced for hybridizing large numbers of DNA samples against large numbers of DNA probes on a single support membrane. Denatured DNA from up to 43 samples was fixed in separate lanes on a single membrane mounted in a Miniblotter 45. The membrane was then rotated 90 degrees in the same device, which enabled simultaneous hybridization with 43 different DNA probes. Hybridizations were also performed on lysates of bacterial cells blotted to membranes. A MiniSlot device allowed lysates loaded in parallel channels to be aspirated through the membrane, depositing horizontal lanes on the membrane surface. Hybridizations were performed in vertical lanes with either digoxigenin-labeled whole genomic probes or 16S rRNA-based oligonucleotide probes directly conjugated to alkaline phosphatase. The method permits the simultaneous determination of the presence of multiple bacterial species in single or multiple dental plaque samples, thus suggesting its usefulness for a range of clinical or environmental samples.
Minimal essential domains specifying toxicity of the light chains of tetanus toxin and botulinum neurotoxin type A. (1992)

To define conserved domains within the light (L) chains of clostridial neurotoxins, we determined the sequence of botulinum neurotoxin type B (BoNT/B) and aligned it with those of tetanus toxin (TeTx) and BoNT/A, BoNT/C1, BoNT/D, and BoNT/E. The L chains of BoNT/B and TeTx share 51.6% identical amino acid residues whereas the degree of identity to other clostridial neurotoxins does not exceed 36.5%. Each of the L chains contains a conserved motif, HExxHxxH, characteristic for metalloproteases. We then generated specific 5'- and 3'-deletion mutants of the L chain genes of TeTx and BoNT/A and tested the biological properties of the gene products by microinjection of the corresponding mRNAs into identified presynaptic cholinergic neurons of the buccal ganglia of Aplysia californica. Toxicity was determined by measurement of neurotransmitter release, as detected by depression of postsynaptic responses to presynaptic stimuli (Mochida, S., Poulain, B., Eisel, U., Binz, T., Kurazono, H., Niemann, H., and Tauc, L. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 87, 7844-7848). Our studies allow the following conclusions. 1) Residues Cys439 of TeTx and Cys430 of BoNT/A, both of which participate in the interchain disulfide bond, play no role in the toxification reaction. 2) Derivatives of TeTx that lacked either 8 amino- or 65 carboxyl-terminal residues are still toxic, whereas those lacking 10 amino- or 68 carboxyl-terminal residues are nontoxic. 3) For BoNT/A, toxicity could be demonstrated only in the presence of added nontoxic heavy (H) chain. A deletion of 8 amino-terminal or 32 carboxyl-terminal residues from the L chain had no effect on toxicity, whereas a removal of 10 amino-terminal or 57 carboxyl-terminal amino acids abolished toxicity. 4) The synergistic effect mediated by the H chain is linked to the carboxyl-terminal portion of the H chain, as demonstrated by injection of HC-specific mRNA into neurons containing the L chain. This finding suggests that the HC domain of the H chain becomes exposed to the cytosol during or after the putative translocation step of the L chain.
Differential TAM receptor–ligand–phospholipid interactions delimit differential TAM bioactivities (2014)

The TAM receptor tyrosine kinases Tyro3, Axl, and Mer regulate key features of cellular physiology, yet the differential activities of the TAM ligands Gas6 and Protein S are poorly understood. We have used biochemical and genetic analyses to delineate the rules for TAM receptor-ligand engagement and find that the TAMs segregate into two groups based on ligand specificity, regulation by phosphatidylserine, and function. Tyro3 and Mer are activated by both ligands but only Gas6 activates Axl. Optimal TAM signaling requires coincident TAM ligand engagement of both its receptor and the phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PtdSer): Gas6 lacking its PtdSer-binding 'Gla domain' is significantly weakened as a Tyro3/Mer agonist and is inert as an Axl agonist, even though it binds to Axl with wild-type affinity. In two settings of TAM-dependent homeostatic phagocytosis, Mer plays a predominant role while Axl is dispensable, and activation of Mer by Protein S is sufficient to drive phagocytosis.
Fabrication of Ultralong and Electrically Uniform Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Clean Substrates (2009)

We report the controlled growth of ultralong single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) arrays using an improved chemical vapor deposition strategy. Using ethanol or methane as the feed gas, monodispersed Fe-Mo as the catalyst, and a superaligned carbon nanotube (CNT) film as the catalyst supporting frame, ultralong CNTs over 18.5 cm long were grown on Si substrates. The growth rate of the CNTs was more than 40 mum/s. No catalyst-related residual material was found on the substrates due to the use of a CNT film as the catalyst supporting frame, facilitating any subsequent fabrication of SWNT-based devices. Electrical transport measurements indicated that the electrical characteristics along a single ultralong SWNT were uniform. We also found that maintaining a spatially homogeneous temperature during the growth process was a critical factor for obtaining constant electrical characteristics along the length of the ultralong SWNTs.
Laminin-511 and -521 Enable Efficient In Vitro Expansion of Human Corneal Endothelial Cells (2015)

Laminin-511 and -521 were the laminin isoforms present in Descemet's membrane, and these laminins modulate the adhesion and proliferation of CECs. Laminin E8s represent an ideal xeno-free defined substrate for the culture of CECs for clinical applications.
Effects of a four-day nocturnal melatonin treatment on the 24 h plasma melatonin, cortisol and prolactin profiles in humans (1988)

An oral preparation of melatonin was administered daily at 22.00 h to 6 healthy volunteers during summer on 4 consecutive days (days 1-4). The daily dose was 8 mg of melatonin as a single. Three 24-h melatonin, cortisol and prolactin profiles were determined in plasma by radioimmunological methods: 1) before treatment (day 0); 2) the first day after the 4-day treatment had been stopped (day 5), 3) the third day after withdrawal of this treatment (day 7). For the melatonin rhythm, an advanced phase was observed at day 7 vs day 0, whereas the amplitude and the mesor were not modified, whatever the day. For the prolactin profile, a significant increase as compared with the control day (day 0) was detected only at day 7 between 19.00 and 21.00 h. No modification was recorded for the plasma cortisol secretion. These results suggest that melatonin, when administered at a high dose over a short period, can influence the endocrine rhythms, and especially its own endogenous secretion. This effect must be investigated over several days after the treatment has ended.
The production and localization of laminin in cultured vascular and corneal endothelial cells (1981)

The production and localization of laminin, as a function of cell density (sparse versus confluent cultures) and growth stage (actively growing versus resting cultures), has been compared on the cell surfaces of cultured vascular and corneal endothelial cells. Comparison of the abilities of the two types of cells to secrete laminin and fibronectin into their incubation medium reveals that vascular endothelial cells can secrete 20-fold as much laminin as can corneal endothelial cells. In contrast, both cell types produce comparable amounts of fibronectin. Furthermore, if one compares the secretion of laminin and fibronectin as a function of cell growth, it appears that the laminin released into the medium by either vascular or corneal endothelial cells, is a function of cell density and cell growth, since this release is most pronounced when the cells are sparse and actively growing, and decreases by 10- and 30-fold, respectively, when either vascular or corneal endothelial cell cultures become confluent. With regard to fibronectin secretion, no such variation can be seen with vascular endothelial cell cultures, regardless of whether they are sparse and actively growing or confluent and resting. Corneal endothelial cell cultures, demonstrated a twofold increase in fibronectin production when they were confluent and resting as compared to when they were sparse and actively growing. When the distribution of laminin versus fibronectin within the apical and basal cell surfaces of cultured corneal and vascular endothelial cells is compared, one can observe that unlike fibronectin, which in sparse and subconfluent cultures can be seen to be associated with both the apical and basal cell surfaces, laminin does not ever seem to be present on the apical cell surface. In confluent cultures, laminin can be found associated primarily with the extracellular matrix beneath the cell monolayer, where it codistributes with type IV collagen.
Increased Numbers of IL-7 Receptor Molecules on CD4+CD25−CD107a+ T-Cells in Patients with Autoimmune Diseases Affecting the Central Nervous System (2009)

These data show that immunophenotyping represents a powerful tool to differentiate healthy individuals from individuals suffering from neurological diseases and that the number of IL-7 receptor molecules on differentiated TCRalphabeta+CD4+CD25-CD107a+ T-cells, but not the percentage of IL-7R-positive cells, segregates healthy individuals from patients with neurological disorders.
[Recalibration of the lumbar canal, an alternative to laminectomy in the treatment of lumbar canal stenosis]. (1988)

A technique is described for widening the lumbar vertebral canal in the treatment of lumbar stenosis. This method, which preserves part of the posterior arches, has the aim of avoiding the instability which accompanies extensive laminectomies of the whole lumbar spine. The preservation of the posterior arches allows a ligamentoplasty to be made with dacron in stable spines and a combined fusion with internal fixation applied to the posterior arches to be made in cases of spondylolisthesis. The results of a prospective series of 32 patients have confirmed the effectiveness of the method both on the stenosis and on the post-operative spinal stability.
Water-filling: a novel way for image structural feature extraction (1999)

The performance of a content based image retrieval (CBIR) system is inherently constrained by the features adopted to represent the images in the database. In this paper, a new approach is proposed for image feature extraction based on edge maps. The feature vector with multiple feature components is computed through a “water-filling algorithm” applied on the edge map of the original image. The idea of this algorithm is to obtain measures of the edge length and complexity by graph traverse. The new feature is move generally applicable than texture or shape features. We call this structure feature. Experiments show that the new feature is capable of catching salient edge/structure information in the images. An experimental retrieval system utilizing the proposed new features yields better results in retrieving city/building images than some global texture features (wavelet moments). The new feature is ideal for images with clear edge structure. After combining the new features with other features in a relevance feedback framework, satisfactory retrieval results are observed.
Local Sequence Targeting in the AID/APOBEC Family Differentially Impacts Retroviral Restriction and Antibody Diversification (2010)

Nucleic acid cytidine deaminases of the activation-induced deaminase (AID)/APOBEC family are critical players in active and innate immune responses, playing roles as target-directed, purposeful mutators. AID specifically deaminates the host immunoglobulin (Ig) locus to evolve antibody specificity, whereas its close relative, APOBEC3G (A3G), lethally mutates the genomes of retroviral pathogens such as HIV. Understanding the basis for the target-specific action of these enzymes is essential, as mistargeting poses significant risks, potentially promoting oncogenesis (AID) or fostering drug resistance (A3G). AID prefers to deaminate cytosine in WRC (W = A/T, R = A/G) motifs, whereas A3G favors deamination of CCC motifs. This specificity is largely dictated by a single, divergent protein loop in the enzyme family that recognizes the DNA sequence. Through grafting of this substrate-recognition loop, we have created enzyme variants of A3G and AID with altered local targeting to directly evaluate the role of sequence specificity on immune function. We find that grafted loops placed in the A3G scaffold all produced efficient restriction of HIV but that foreign loops in the AID scaffold compromised hypermutation and class switch recombination. Local targeting, therefore, appears alterable for innate defense against retroviruses by A3G but important for adaptive antibody maturation catalyzed by AID. Notably, AID targeting within the Ig locus is proportionally correlated to its in vitro ability to target WRC sequences rather than non-WRC sequences. Although other mechanisms may also contribute, our results suggest that local sequence targeting by AID/APOBEC3 enzymes represents an elegant example of co-evolution of enzyme specificity with its target DNA sequence.
Structuring Proactive Secret Sharing in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (2006)

Threshold cryptography is a novel cryptographic technique sharing secret among members. It divides a secret key into multiple shares by a cryptographic operation. This technique is useful to provide a shared secret key to legitimate nodes in a infrastructure-less mobile ad-hoc network (MANET). As an additional component, proactive secret sharing (PSS) allows a set of nodes holding shares to refresh all shares by generating a new set of shares for the same secret key from the old shares without reconstructing the secret key. It is necessary to reasonably escape from threats of exposing the secret key when threshold cryptography is used. In this paper, we design the PSS protocol implementation specification in a MANET environment. In our scheme all share holder nodes synchronize the PSS procedure in a well-managed fashion to keep the protocol consistency. We then introduce our actual implementation and evaluate the behavior and its performance criteria.
Glycoproteomics (2005)

Abstract Many diverse functions have been attributed to glycans on proteins and increasingly there is a need to characterize glycan structures. This article describes the laboratory approaches that are currently used for the analysis of glycans on proteins and considers Bioinformatics tools for the identification of putative protein glycosylation sites as well as for the analysis of the glycans themselves.
Autonomic Function in Myotonic Dystrophy (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We were particularly interested to read the recent report, published in theArchives, of a study on certain aspects of autonomic functions in five patients with myotonic dystrophy.<sup>1</sup>Patients with myotonic dystrophy frequently have symptoms and signs suggestive of autonomic dysfunction, and some of these may be so conspicuous that they lead to a fatal outcome. Such symptoms include hypotension, Raynaud's phenomenon, cardiac arrhythmias, hyperhydrosis, bladder disturbances, gastrointestinal and sexual dysfunction, ventilatory disturbances, and weight loss.<sup>2,3</sup>A lesion in central and/or peripheral autonomic pathways might account for these symptoms. Alternatively, many of these symptoms could relate to a primary degenerative process affecting smooth as well as skeletal muscles.<sup>3</sup>In either case, we had felt previously that it would be of interest to study vasomotor reflex activity in patients with myotonic dystrophy, and in view of the recent report,<sup>1</sup>our findings may be of interest.