gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polyelectrolyte complex layers: a promising concept for anti-fouling coatings verified by in-situ ATR-FTIR spectroscopy (1999)

In-situ attenuated total reflection (ATR)-FTIR spectroscopy enabled studies on the interaction between the differently charged model proteins human serum albumin, lysozyme, immunoglobulin G and multilayer assemblies, which were deposited by alternating adsorption of poly(ethyleneimine) and poly(acrylic acid) onto Si crystals. Low adsorbed protein amounts were observed if the top polyelectrolyte layer and the protein were equally charged, whereas enhanced protein adsorption occurred for electrostatic attraction between protein and top polyelectrolyte layer.
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-γ(IF-γ) in idenitying severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) clinical outcomes and complications (2011)

Background: Exaggerated and protracted proinflammatory response is associated with poor prognostic implications in SCAP.We assessed the diagnostic value of IL-2 and IFN-γ in identifying SCAP in-hospital outcomes and complications. Methods: 30 SCAP patients CURB-65 class 3,4 were enrolled. Control group included 16 comparable healthy volunteers. We performed X-ray examination, IL-2 and IFN-γ measurement within the first 24 hours after admission and on day 8. In-hospital mortality (IHM), need for vasopressor support (VS), SCAP complications (necrotising pneumonia (NP), pleural effusion (PE)) were analyzed. Results: Increasing CAP severity was associated with increased IL-2 values on the 1st day (r=0,64; p&lt;0,05).IL-2 on admission values correlated with IHM (r=0,67; p&lt;0,05). Patients with poor clinical prognosis had higher Il-2 levels on the 1st day vs those who survived [median][138 vs 20,8 pg/ml, p&lt;0,05 respectively]. IL-2 on admission correlated with need for VS (r=0,65; p&lt;0,05) and revealed higher concentrations in patients requiring VS vs those with stable haemodynamics [122 vs 19pg/ml, p&lt;0,05].Patients who developed NP showed lower IL-2 levels vs those without destructive lung changes [16 vs 26 pg/ml, p&lt;0,05]. PE in SCAP patients correlated with enhanced IFN-γ levels on the 1st and 8th days (r=0,8; p=0,01 and r=0,69; p=0,02). Patients with PE demonstrated higher IFN-γ values [41 and 20 pg/ml, p&lt;0,05] vs those without PE [6,3 and 3,8 pg/ml, p&lt;0,05]. Conclusions: IL-2 on admission values are reliable for mortality risk stratification, prediction of need for VS and NP development, IFN-γ could be helpful in identifying PE complication in SCAP patients.
Preparation and anticonvulsant activity of a series of functionalized .alpha.-heteroatom-substituted amino acids (1991)

Potent anticonvulsant activity has been reported for (R,S)-2-acetamido-N-benzyl-2-methylacetamide (2a). Select alpha-heteroatom substituted derivatives of 2a have been prepared (26 examples) in which the alpha-methyl group has been replaced by nitrogen (3a-q), oxygen (3r-u), and sulfur (3v-z) containing moieties. The functionalized amino acid derivatives were evaluated in the maximal electroshock seizure (MES) and horizontal screen (tox) tests in mice. The most active compounds were (R,S)-2-acetamido-N-benzyl-2-(methoxyamino)acetamide (31), and (R,S)-2-acetamido-N-benzyl-2-(methoxymethylamino)acetamide (3n). After ip administration, the MES ED50 values for 31 (6.2 mg/kg) and 3n (6.7 mg/kg) compared favorably with phenytoin (9.50 mg/kg).
Nanotechnology goals and challenges for electronic applications (2002)

Si metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) scaling trends are presented along with a description of today's 0.13-/spl mu/m generation transistors. Some of the foreseen limits to future scaling include increased subthreshold leakage, increased gate oxide leakage, increased transistor parameter variability and interconnect density and performance. Basic device and circuit requirements for electronic logic and memory products are described. These requirements need to be kept in mind when evaluating nanotechnology options such as carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (FETs), nanowire FETs, single electron transistors and molecular devices as possible future replacements for Si MOSFETs.
Probable Binary Fission in A Reed-Sternberg Cell. (1991)

A Reed-Sternberg cell in binary fission was observed in a case of Hodgkin's disease of nodular sclerosis type. This was thought to possibly represent a primitive eukaryotic manifestation or a retrograde replay of the endosymbiotic evolution of the modern eukaryotes as a part of devolution of malignancy (Okuyama and Mishina 1990).
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Acetate Succinate-Based Spray-Dried Dispersions: An Overview (2008)

Spray-dried dispersions (SDDs) of low-solubility drugs have been prepared using the polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS). For a variety of drug structures, these SDDs provide supersaturation in in vitro dissolution determinations and large bioavailability increases in vivo. In bile-salt/lecithin in vitro solutions, these SDDs provide amorphous drug/polymer colloids and an increased concentration of free drug and drug in micelles relative to crystalline or amorphous drug. As dry powders, the SDDs are a single amorphous phase in which the drug remains amorphous and dispersed and does not crystallize over storage times relevant for practical drug products. A melting temperature (Tm)/glass-transition temperature (Tg) (K/K) versus log P map for 139 compounds formulated as SDDs provides a perspective on an appropriate formulation strategy for low-solubility drugs with various physical properties.
Learning to rank relational objects and its application to web search (2008)

Learning to rank is a new statistical learning technology on creating a ranking model for sorting objects. The technology has been successfully applied to web search, and is becoming one of the key machineries for building search engines. Existing approaches to learning to rank, however, did not consider the cases in which there exists relationship between the objects to be ranked, despite of the fact that such situations are very common in practice. For example, in web search, given a query certain relationships usually exist among the the retrieved documents, e.g., URL hierarchy, similarity, etc., and sometimes it is necessary to utilize the information in ranking of the documents. This paper addresses the issue and formulates it as a novel learning problem, referred to as, 'learning to rank relational objects'. In the new learning task, the ranking model is defined as a function of not only the contents (features) of objects but also the relations between objects. The paper further focuses on one setting of the learning problem in which the way of using relation information is predetermined. It formalizes the learning task as an optimization problem in the setting. The paper then proposes a new method to perform the optimization task, particularly an implementation based on SVM. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the baseline methods for two ranking tasks (Pseudo Relevance Feedback and Topic Distillation) in web search, indicating that the proposed method can indeed make effective use of relation information and content information in ranking.
Technetium-99m labeling of antibodies to cardiac myosin Fab and to human fibrinogen. (1982)

We have developed a method of labeling biologically active labile macromolecules, such as human fibrinogen (HF) and anticardiac-myosin Fab (AM-Fab), with Tc-99m at neutral pH. This method uses dithionite reduction of pertechnetate and subsequent labeling, to test the method with acid-labile macromolecules. Complexes of diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid with macromolecules such as human fibrinogen (D-HF) and anticardiac-myosin Fab (D-AM-Fab) were labeled and utilized in in vitro and in vivo studies. In biodistribution studies, the Tc-99m D-HF had a two-component blood clearance (half-times 1 hr and 15 hr) and was 80--88% coagulable. The Tc-99m AM-Fab retained its immunoreactivity as tested by affinity chromatography; also during in vivo localization in experimental myocardial infarction. This labeling technique provides an easy and efficient approach to the Tc-99m labeling of other biologically active and acid-labile macromolecules.
Liveweight gain and wool production of sheep grazing Lotus corniculatus and lucerne ( Medicago sativa ) (1995)

Abstract Two grazing experiments were conducted to compare the productivity of lactating ewes (Experiment 1) and weaned lambs (Experiment 2) grazing swards of Lotus corniculatus (birdsfoot trefoil; cv. Grasslands Goldie), lucerne ( Medicago sativa; cv. Grasslands Oranga), and a mixture of lucerne and lotus. Measurements were made of pre‐ and post‐grazing herbage mass, the composition of the feed on offer and diet selected, and of voluntary feed intake (VFI; Experiment 2 only), body growth, and wool growth. From the agronomic measurements, it was concluded that the diet selected was mainly leaf in both experiments. Total condensed tannin (CT) content was 32–57 g/kg DM for lotus, 8–10 g/kg DM for the mixture, and negligible for lucerne (less than 2 g/kg DM). In Experiment 1, ewe wool production and lamb liveweight gain (LWG) did not differ between forages, but ewe LWG was greater on lotus than on lucerne (251 versus 65 g/day; P &lt; 0.001), with the mixture being intermediate (115 g/day). In Experiment 2, VFI (1.76 versus 1.65 kg organic matter (OM)/day; P &lt; 0.05), LWG (228 versus 183 g/day; P &lt; 0.001), wool production (2.78 versus 2.25 kg; P &lt; 0.05), and carcass weight (20.4 versus 17.8 kg; P &lt; 0.05) were greater for lambs grazing lotus than lucerne; lambs grazing the mixture had similar VFI (1.63 kg OM/day) to those grazing lucerne, but wool production (2.49 kg) was intermediate between lambs grazing lucerne and lotus. Male lambs showed a greater LWG response to lotus relative to lucerne (+83 g/day P &lt; 0.01) than female lambs (+15 g/day; P &gt; 0.05). When adjusted for differences in carcass weight, lotus did not affect carcass fatness (GR 13.1 versus 12.8 mm; P &gt; 0.05). It was concluded that Lotus corniculatus (cv. Grasslands Goldie) supported high levels of sheep productivity, with the responses in wool production and superior growth of male lambs in Experiment 2 suggesting that part of the response may be the result of increased protein supply from action of CT in the digestive system.
Reaction mechanism and substrate specificity for nucleotide sugar of mammalian α1,6-fucosyltransferase—a large-scale preparation and characterization of recombinant human FUT8 (2005)

FUT8, mammalian alpha1,6-fucosyltransferase, catalyzes the transfer of a fucose residue from the donor substrate, guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP)-beta-L-fucose, to the reducing terminal GlcNAc of the core structure of asparagine-linked oligosaccharide via an alpha1,6-linkage. FUT8 is a typical type II membrane protein, which is localized in the Golgi apparatus. We have previously shown that two neighboring arginine residues that are conserved among alpha1,2-, alpha1,6-, and protein O-fucosyltransferases play an important role in donor substrate binding. However, details of the catalytic and reaction mechanisms and the ternary structure of FUT8 are not understood except for the substrate specificity of the acceptor. To develop a better understanding of FUT8, we established a large-scale production system for recombinant human FUT8, in which the enzyme is produced in soluble form by baculovirus-infected insect cells. Kinetic analyses and inhibition studies using derivatives of GDP-beta-L-fucose revealed that FUT8 catalyzes the reaction which depends on a rapid equilibrium random mechanism and strongly recognizes the base portion and diphosphoryl group of GDP-beta-L-fucose. These results may also be applicable to other fucosyltransferases and glycosyltransferases.
Fibronectin and laminin in Achilles tendon (1989)

Ten intact and 22 ruptured Achilles tendons were studied by immunohistochemical techniques. In intact tendons, both fibronectin and laminin were found in vascular walls, myotendineal junction, and endomysium, but not in the connective tissue of the tendons. In ruptured tendons the distribution of laminin was not changed. Fibronectin deposits, on the contrary, could be detected on the tear surface and in the collagen fibers of the ruptured tendons.
Disruption of the Structural Gene for Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase in Escherichia coli (2005)

The chromosomal ispA gene encoding farnesyl diphosphate synthase of Escherichia coli was disrupted by inserting a neo gene cassette. The null ispA mutants were viable. The growth yield of the mutants was 70% to 80% of that of the wild-type strain under aerobic conditions, and was almost the same as the wild-type under anaerobic conditions. The levels of ubiquinone-8 and menaquinone-8 were both significantly lower (less than 13% and 18% of normal, respectively) in the mutants than in the wild-type. The undecaprenyl phosphate level in the mutants was modestly lower (40% to 70% of normal) than in the wild-type strain. Thus the synthesis of all-E-octaprenyl diphosphate, the precursor of ubiquinone-8 and menaquinone-8, was decreased more severely than that of Z,E-mixed undecaprenyl diphosphate, the precursor of undecaprenyl monophosphates, under the conditions where the synthesis of farnesyl diphosphate was decreased. The condensation of isopentenyl diphosphate with dimethylallyl diphosphate was detected in the cell-free extracts of the mutants, although it was 5% of that in the wild-type strain. A low level of farnesyl diphosphate seems to be synthesized in the mutants by other prenyltransferases such as octaprenyl diphosphate synthase or undecaprenyl diphosphate synthase.
Control of Gastrointestinal Motility by the “Gut Brain” ‐ The Enteric Nervous System (2005)

The enteric nervous system (ENS) as the "brain of the gut" is pivotal for normal muscle activity in the gut. Neuronal circuits within the ENS are designed to control gut motility independent of central inputs. To fulfill this task the ENS contains all necessary elements for coding mechanical and chemical stimuli, interneuronal communication and efferent output to the muscle. This review provides a summary of the ENS circuits that control muscle activity, the main transmitters and neuromodulators involved and the functional implications for the normal and diseased gut.
Atomic Force Microscopy of Atomic-Scale Ledges and Etch Pits Formed During Dissolution of Quartz (1991)

The processes involved in the dissolution and growth of crystals are closely related. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) of faceted pits (called negative crystals) formed during quartz dissolution reveals subtle details of these underlying physical mechanisms for silicates. In imaging these surfaces, the AFM detected ledges <1 nanometer (nm) high that were spaced 10 to 90 nm apart. A dislocation pit, invisible to optical and scanning electron microscopy measurements and serving as a ledge source, was also imaged. These observations confirm the applicability of ledge-motion models to dissolution and growth of silicates; coupled with measurements of dissolution rate on facets, these methods provide a powerful tool for probing mineral surface kinetics.
Requirement of Interleukin‐17A for Systemic Anti–Candida albicansHost Defense in Mice (2004)

T cells are required for normal host defense against fungal infection, and individuals with T cell-deficiency syndromes are highly susceptible to fungal pathogens. Interleukin (IL)-17A is a proinflammatory cytokine that interconnects myeloid and lymphoid host defense. The role of murine (m) IL-17A/mIL-17A receptor (R) interactions was evaluated in a murine model of systemic candidiasis. In response to systemic challenge with Candida albicans, expression of mIL-17A was induced, and IL-17AR knockout (IL-17AR(-/-)) mice had dose-dependent, substantially reduced survival. Fungal burden in the kidneys of IL-17AR(-/-) mice was dramatically increased (25-fold at 96 h). In IL-17AR(-/-) mice, both mobilization of peripheral neutrophils and their influx to infected organs were significantly impaired and delayed. In vivo expression of mIL-17A protected normal mice from a lethal dose of C. albicans (100% at day 7 and 65% at day 42). The data suggest that the mIL-17A/mIL-17AR system is required for normal fungal host defense in vivo. IL-17A could have potential as a therapeutic cytokine for systemic C. albicans infections in immunocompromised patients with cancer or advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Ionically Conducting Composite Membranes from the Li 2 O–Al 2 O 3 –TiO 2 –P 2 O 5 Glass–Ceramic (2007)

This paper reports processing of lithium ion‐conducting, composite membranes comprised of 14Li 2 O·9Al 2 O 3 ·38 TiO 2 ·39P 2 O 5 glass–ceramic and polyethylene. The processing involved tape casting of 14Li 2 O·9Al 2 O 3 ·38TiO 2 ·39P 2 O 5 glass powder with organic additives into tapes, subjecting the green tape to binder burnout and thermal soaking in the temperature range of 950°–1100°C, and finally infiltrating the porous tape with polyethylene solution. The ionic conductivity and microstructure of 150–350 μm thick membranes were characterized and are discussed in this paper. The crystallites of the glass–ceramic show liquid‐like conductivity at ambient temperature, whereas the grain boundary conductivity is lower by a factor of five. The lower grain boundary conductivity is explained on the basis of crystallographic mismatch and the existence of AlPO 4 at the grain boundary. The polyethylene infiltration in the porous membrane improved mechanical resilience with a minor adverse effect on conductivity.
Slime Production and Expression of the Slime-Associated Antigen by Staphylococcal Clinical Isolates (1999)

The ability to produce slime and to express a slime-associated antigen was examined in a collection of staphylococcal clinical isolates. Slime-producing strains were found among coagulase-negative staphylococci in percentages comparable to those reported in other studies; surprisingly, a high percentage of Staphylococcus aureus strains also were able to produce this extracellular material. In the latter case, this ability was strongly dependent on the presence of an additional carbohydrate source in the growth medium. Expression of the slime-associated antigen appeared to be species specific and confined to the Staphylococcus epidermidis sensu stricto isolates; its strong association with the ability of these strains to produce thicker biofilms indicated slime-associated antigen as a possible virulence marker for S. epidermidis.
Identification of Sensitive Serum microRNA Biomarkers for Radiation Biodosimetry (2013)

Exposure to ionizing radiation through environmental, occupational or a nuclear reactor accident such as the recent Fukushima Daiichi incident often results in major consequences to human health. The injury caused by radiation can manifest as acute radiation syndromes within weeks in organs with proliferating cells such as hematopoietic and gastrointestinal systems. Cancers, fibrosis and degenerative diseases are also reported in organs with differentiated cells, months or years later. Studies conducted on atom bomb survivors, nuclear reactor workers and animal models have shown a direct correlation of these effects with the absorbed dose. Physical dosimeters and the available radio-responsive biologics in body fluids, whose responses are rather indirect, have limitations to accurately evaluate the extent of post exposure damage. We have used an amplification-free, hybridization based quantitative assay utilizing the nCounter multiplex platform developed by nanoString Technologies to compare the levels of over 600 miRNAs in serum from mice irradiated at a range of 1 to 12 Gy at 24 and 48 hr time points. Development of a novel normalization strategy using multiple spike-in oligonucleotides allowed accurate measurement of radiation dose and time dependent changes in serum miRNAs. The response of several evolutionarily conserved miRNAs abundant in serum, were found to be robust and sensitive in the dose range relevant for medical triage and in patients who receive total body radiation as preparative regimen for bone marrow transplantation. Notably, miRNA-150, abundant in lymphocytes, exhibited a dose and time dependent decrease in serum, which we propose as a sensitive marker indicative of lymphocyte depletion and bone marrow damage. Our study has identified several markers useful for evaluation of an individual's response by minimally invasive methods, relevant to triage in case of a radiation accident and evaluation of toxicity and response during and after therapeutic radiation.
Highly Luminescent Cd1−xZnxSe/ZnS Core/Shell Nanocrystals Emitting in the Blue–Green Spectral Range (2007)

Getting the green light: ZnS-coated Cd1−xZnxSe alloy nanocrystals are stable and efficient emitters, whose color can easily be tuned in the blue–green spectral range by changing the ratio of the metal precursors applied during synthesis. Incorporated into a polymer matrix, they can be used for the conversion of blue (see image, top) or UV (bottom) light to green light at 530 nm.
Induction of Hair Regrowth in the Alopecia Site of IFN-γ Knockout Mice by Allografting and IFN-γ Injection into the Transplantation Site (2003)

We previously demonstrated that around 6 weeks of age most of the interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)(-/-) but none of the IFN-gamma(+/+) C57BL/6 mice began to lose hair in their dorsal or occipital areas or both and that a single s.c. injection of IFN-gamma into IFN-gamma(-/-) mice at 3 but not at 8 weeks of age (or later) could protect all the mice from alopecia. Here, we report hair regrowth in the alopecia site of IFN-gamma(-/-) mice at 8 weeks of age (or later) by the combination of IFN-gamma and allografting. Skin or tumor allografting and IFN-gamma injections into the transplantation site induced hair regrowth in the alopecia site of IFN-gamma(-/-) mice at 8-66 weeks of age, whereas IFN-gamma injections into the hairless site or allografting alone was ineffective in causing the hair regrowth. Histologic findings showed that the hair cycle in the region of alopecia of IFN-gamma(-/-) mice was blocked at the anagen stage and that in the IFN-gamma(-/-) mice treated with IFN-gamma and allografting, the cycle was at the telogen stage. The therapeutic effects were maintained for >1 year.
Network processor design for optical burst switched networks (2002)

Scalable hardware, architectures are required for optical burst switched (OBS) networks where future fibers may be handling 4Tbps or more. Issues investigated include centralized vs. distributed architectures, sealing issues related to performance, and the hardware impact of just-in-time (JIT) vs. just-enough-time (JET) signaling.
Purification and Spectral Characterization of Seminalplasmin, an Antimicrobial Protein from Bull Semen (1983)

A new method for the purification of seminalplasmin, an antimicrobial protein from bull semen, was developed. The last step of the procedure involved preparative high performance liquid chromatography on a reversed phase column. Highly purified seminalplasmin was characterized by CD, absorption, fluorescence spectroscopy, double immunodiffusion and biological activity. Analytical ultracentrifugation revealed a molecular mass of 6300 Da. Amino-acid analysis of the protein preparation indicated the absence of sulfur-containing amino acids cysteine and methionine.