gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiinflammatory Cytokine Responses during Clinical Sepsis and Experimental Endotoxemia: Sequential Measurements of Plasma Soluble Interleukin (IL)-1 Receptor Type II, IL-10, and IL-13 (1997)

Plasma concentrations of soluble interleukin (IL)-1 receptor type II, IL-10, and IL-13 were measured in 42 patients with clinically defined sepsis during a 3-day follow-up and in 7 healthy humans after intravenous injection of endotoxin (2 ng/kg). Levels of soluble IL-1 receptor type II were persistently elevated in patients with sepsis than in healthy controls and higher in nonsurviving patients (n = 22) than in surviving patients (n = 20) at all time points. IL-10 was found in the circulation of 81% of patients with sepsis, while it was not detectable in normal plasma. During follow-up, IL-10 remained invariably high only in nonsurviving patients, while it significantly decreased in survivors. Endotoxin induced IL-10, while soluble IL-1 receptor type II remained unchanged. IL-13 remained undetectable in the vast majority of patients and was not induced by endotoxin. Enhanced IL-13 production does not seem to be part of an inducible host defense mechanism during sepsis.
A novel adaptive mechanical-wetting lens for visible and near infrared imaging (2010)

We demonstrate an adaptive mechanical-wetting lens with a concentric reservoir to reduce image aberrations and overcome the gravity effect. This lens adopts liquid pressure to change the interface between two immiscible liquids which, in turn, changes the focal length of the resultant liquid lens. Good optical performance, high resolution, and a wide dynamic range of both positive and negative optical power are achieved. Since no PDMS is employed, such lenses can extend their working range to infrared region by choosing proper liquids.
Association of a functional IRF7 variant with systemic lupus erythematosus (2010)

These findings show that the major allele of a nonsynonymous SNP, rs1131665 (412Q) in IRF7, confers elevated activation of IRF-7 and predisposes to the development of SLE in multiple ethnic groups. This result provides direct genetic evidence that IRF7 may be a risk gene for human SLE.
An absence of stromal caveolin-1 is associated with advanced prostate cancer, metastatic disease spread and epithelial Akt activation (2009)

Here, we examined the status of stromal Cav-1 expression in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), primary prostate cancers (PCa), and prostate-cancer metastases (Mets). Interestingly, an absence of stromal Cav-1 directly correlated with prostate cancer disease progression. For example, virtually all BPH samples showed abundant stromal Cav-1 immunostaining. In contrast, in a subset of patients with primary prostate cancer, the stromal levels of Cav-1 were significantly decreased, and this correlated with a high Gleason score, indicative of a worse prognosis and poor clinical outcome. Remarkably, all metastatic tumors (either from lymph node or bone) were completely negative for stromal Cav-1 staining. Thus, stromal Cav-1 expression may be considered as a new biomarker of prostate cancer disease progression and metastasis. Mechanistically, stromal Cav-1 levels were inversely correlated with the epithelial expression levels of Cav-1 and epithelial phospho-Akt. Thus, loss of stromal Cav-1 is predictive of elevated levels of epithelial Cav-1 and epithelial Akt-activation. This provides important new clinical evidence for paracrine signaling between prostate cancer epithelial cells and the tumor stromal micro-environment, especially related to disease progression and metastasis.
Association of Rho(D) polypeptides with the membrane skeleton in Rho(D)-positive human red cells. (1984)

Abstract The Rho(D) antigen was recently identified as a 28,000 to 33,000 m.w. polypeptide expressed on the surface of human Rho(D)+ cells. We now show that 70 to 80% of the Rho(D) polypeptides remain firmly associated with the membrane skeleton (detergent-insoluble matrix) obtained after treatment of isolated membranes with Triton X-100. The same treatment solubilized most of the major sialoglycoprotein, glycophorin A. The membrane skeleton-bound Rho(D) polypeptides were not solubilized by procedures that dissociated spectrin, actin, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from the membrane. Affinity-purified 125I-labeled anti-Rho(D) antibodies bound to intact Rho(D)+ cells, Rho(D)+ membranes, and isolated membrane skeletons from Rho(D)+ cells, but not to Rho(D)- cells. The binding to Rho(D)+ cells was competitively inhibited efficiently by Rho(D)+ membranes and weakly by Rho(D)- membranes. When isolated unsealed Rho(D)+ and Rho(D)- membranes were labeled by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination and solubilized in Triton X-100, Rho(D) polypeptides were immune precipitated only from Rho(D)+ membranes.
High cytokine production and effective antitumor activity of a recombinant vaccinia virus encoding murine interleukin 12. (1995)

We have constructed a recombinant vaccinia virus (recVV), vKT0334 mIL-12, containing the genes encoding the p35 and p40 subunits of murine interleukin-12 (mIL-12). In vitro experiments demonstrated that vKT0334 mIL-12 efficiently infected a variety of murine and human tumor cell lines and produced very high amounts (1.5 micrograms/10(6) cells/24 h) of biologically active mIL-12. Mice injected s.c. with 10(6) MCA 105 sarcoma cells, followed by injection at the same site with saline or a control recVV, vKT033, containing no mIL-12 genes, all developed progressively growing tumor, whereas 60% of animals injected with vKT0334 mIL-12 remained tumor free (P < 0.0005). Furthermore, tumor growth was significantly reduced in the remaining mice treated with vKT0334 mIL-12 that did develop tumor compared with mice treated with vKT033 (P < 0.03) or saline (P < 0.0001). We conclude that recVV expressing high levels of mIL-12 offers an effective in vivo method of cytokine gene delivery and expression in tumors with subsequent antitumor effect.
The Last Gate (2003)

"Jonathan is adding the nipple," I say to Ted, who is tapping at his baby's mouth with a spoonful of mashed organic sweet potatoes. With one hand. With the other, he's gathering up the squirm of baby's muckied right hand, which instantly follows the orange mush into his mouth. There doesn't seem to be enough room for both food and hand.
Superhydrophobic Carbon Nanotube Forests (2003)

The present study demonstrates the creation of a stable, superhydrophobic surface using the nanoscale roughness inherent in a vertically aligned carbon nanotube forest together with a thin, conformal hydrophobic poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) coating on the surface of the nanotubes. Superhydrophobicity is achieved down to the microscopic level where essentially spherical, micrometer-sized water droplets can be suspended on top of the nanotube forest. Since their discovery in 1991,1 carbon nanotubes continue to be a subject of unabated scientific research and develop-ment. Their extraordinary properties2-4 make them highly attractive as technology enablers in a host of different applications, ranging from fillers in polymer nanocomposites to conductors in molecular electronics.5 Carbon nanotubes can be single-walled (SWNTs) or multiwalled (MWNTs), metallic or semiconducting, and isolated or attached to a substrate. The ability to grow nanotubes directly on a substrate using various chemical vapor deposition techniques
The Use of an Antifibrosis Agent to Improve Muscle Recovery after Laceration (2001)

Muscle injuries are challenging problems in traumatology and the most frequent injuries in sports medicine. Muscle injuries are capable of healing, although slowly and occasionally with incomplete functional recovery. We observed that lacerated muscle undergoes a rapid process of regeneration, which is hindered by the development of fibrosis. Biologic approaches to enhance muscle regeneration and prevent fibrosis are being investigated to improve muscle healing after injuries. We observed that growth factors can improve muscle regeneration but cannot prevent muscle fibrosis. We investigated the use of an antifibrosis substance, decorin, as an approach to prevent fibrosis and thereby improve muscle healing after injury in murine muscle. We observed that direct injection of human recombinant decorin can efficiently prevent fibrosis and enhance muscle regeneration in the lacerated muscle. More importantly, decorin can improve the recovery of strength in the injured muscle to a level similar to that observed in normal noninjured muscle. These results suggest that injection of decorin improves both the muscle structure and the function of the lacerated muscle to near complete recovery. This study will contribute significantly to the development of strategies to promote efficient muscle healing and complete functional recovery after muscle injuries.
Resummed Green-Kubo relations for a fluctuating fluid-particle model (2004)

A recently introduced stochastic model for fluid flow can be made Galilean invariant by introducing a random shift of the computational grid before collisions. This grid shifting procedure accelerates momentum transfer between cells and leads to a collisional contribution to transport coefficients. By resumming the Green-Kubo relations derived in a previous paper, it is shown that this collisional contribution to the transport coefficients can be determined exactly. The resummed Green-Kubo relations also show that there are no mixed kinetic-collisional contributions to the transport coefficients. The leading correlation corrections to the transport coefficients are discussed, and explicit expressions for the transport coefficients are presented and compared with simulation data.
Antihypertensive Effectiveness of Low-Dose Lisinopril-Hydrochlorothiazide Combination (1994)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To test the antihypertensive and metabolic effects of lisinopril, 10 mg/d (L); hydrochlorothiazide, 12.5 and 25 mg/d (H12.5 and H25); and its combination with lisinopril (L/H12.5 and L/H25) against placebo in patients with mild to moderate (stage I and stage II) hypertension. <h3>Design:</h3> Multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled outpatient study of 12 weeks' duration. <h3>Patients:</h3> After 4 weeks of single-blind placebo treatment, 505 patients whose sitting diastolic blood pressure was 100 to 114 mm Hg were randomized into the study—467 patients completed it (placebo, 71; L, 80; H12.5, 79; H25, 77; L/H12.5, 79; and L/H25, 81). The patients were seen in the clinic every 2 weeks, where measurements of their sitting and upright blood pressure and heart rate were taken 24±2 hours after drug administration. Complete blood cell counts with differential cell counts, blood chemistry studies, urinalyses, and electrocardiograms were done at baseline and during the study. Roentgenograms were done once at baseline. <h3>Results:</h3> Compared with placebo, all drug regimens decreased sitting and upright blood pressure (<i>P</i>&lt;.001) and had no effect on sitting and upright heart rate. The greatest effect was obtained with the combinations of L/H12.5 and L/H25. There was no difference between L/H12.5 and L/H25 or between H12.5 and H25. There were no serious clinical side effects except cough, which was slightly higher with L, L/H12.5, and L/H25. The only metabolic side effects were in serum potassium level, which was lower with H25 (<i>P</i>&lt;.01), and serum glucose level, which was higher with H25 and L/H25 (<i>P</i>&lt;.01). <h3>Conclusions:</h3> The data suggest that (1) monotherapy of hypertension with L, H12.5, H25, L/H12.5, and L/H25 was effective and well tolerated; (2) the best results were achieved with L/H12.5 and L/H25; (3) lower doses of hydrochlorothiazide either alone or in combination with lisinopril were equipotent with higher doses and were free of metabolic side effects. (Arch Intern Med. 1994;154:737-743)
Increased Number of Vasopressin- and Oxytocin-Expressing Neurons in the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus in Depression (1996)

The AVP and OXT neurons were activated in the PVN in patients with major depression or bipolar disorder. This activation may be associated with activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in these patients, since both AVP and OXT are known to potentiate the effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone. Because of their central effects, activation of AVP and OXT neurons may also be related to symptoms of major depression or bipolar disorder.
Plk1 negatively regulates PRC1 to prevent premature midzone formation before cytokinesis (2012)

To achieve mitosis and cytokinesis, microtubules must assemble into distinct structures at different stages of cell division-mitotic spindles to segregate the chromosomes before anaphase and midzones to keep sister genomes apart and guide the cleavage furrow after anaphase. This temporal regulation is believed to involve Cdk1 kinase, which is inactivated in a switch-like way after anaphase. We found that inhibiting Plk1 caused premature assembly of midzones in cells still in metaphase, breaking the temporal regulation of microtubules. The antiparallel microtubule-bundling protein PRC1 plays a key role in organizing the midzone complex. We found that Plk1 negatively regulates PRC1 through phosphorylation of a single site, Thr-602, near the C-terminus of PRC1. We also found that microtubules stimulated Thr-602 phosphorylation by Plk1. This creates a potential negative feedback loop controlling PRC1 activity. It also made the extent of Thr-602 phosphorylation during mitotic arrest dependent on the mechanism of the arresting drug. Unexpectedly, we could not detect a preanaphase regulatory role for Cdk1 sites on PRC1. We suggest that PRC1 is regulated by Plk1, rather than Cdk1 as previously proposed, because its activity must be spatiotemporally regulated both preanaphase and postanaphase, and Cdk1 activity is too binary for this purpose.
Tumor necrosis factor ligand-receptor system can predict treatment outcome in lymphoma patients. (1997)

TNF and its soluble receptors' plasma measurements represent valuable prognostic markers in lymphoma patients.
Terminal Complement Blockade With Pexelizumab During Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Requiring Cardiopulmonary Bypass (2004)

Compared with placebo, pexelizumab was not associated with a significant reduction in the risk of the composite end point of death or MI in 2746 patients who had undergone CABG surgery only but was associated with a statistically significant risk reduction 30 days after the procedure among all 3099 patients undergoing CABG with or without valve surgery.
S100β protein expression in Alzheimer disease: Potential role in the pathogenesis of neuritic plaques (1994)

Increased synthesis and release of S100 beta protein from activated astrocytes has been implicated in the overgrowth of dystrophic neurites in neuritic plaques in Alzheimer disease (AD). To evaluate the quantitative relationships between tissues levels of S100 beta and the numbers of neuritic plaques in AD patients, we counted neuritic plaques, by Tau-2 immunoreactive (Tau-2+) labeling, in tissue sections of hippocampus and adjacent temporal cortex and measured the levels of S100 beta protein, by Western immunoblot labeling, in samples of analogous regions from contralateral hemisphere of the same patients. In AD, tissue levels of S100 beta (two- to fivefold that of controls) were significantly correlated with the number of Tau-2+ plaques (R = 0.82, P < .01). Dual-label immunohistochemical analysis showed that most S100 beta+ cells were activated GFAP+ astrocytes. These results were substantiated by a significant correlation between S100 beta and GFAP tissue levels (R = 0.81, P < .05). Many of the S100 beta+ astrocytes were clustered around and within Tau-2+ plaques. Indeed, no Tau-2+ plaques were found without associated activated S100 beta+ astrocytes. Our findings provide further evidence of a role for S100 beta protein in dysregulation of neurons that leads to apparently nonsensical growth of imperfect neurites in AD, a potential key element in early stages of neuritic plaque pathogenesis.
Increased catalytic productivity for nanofiltration-coupled Heck reactions using highly stable catalyst systems (2002)

The recycle of homogeneous Heck catalysts from post-reaction mixtures using solvent resistant nanofiltration (SRNF) membranes is known to increase catalytic productivity. However, the technique is sensitive to catalyst stability when applied to conventional catalysts: catalyst deactivation will cause declining reaction rates and higher reactor occupancy with an increasing number of catalyst recycles. In this study, a conventional Heck catalyst {bis(acetato)bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II)}, was recycled six times, before the reaction rate dropped below 20% of the original value. A cumulative turnover number (TON) of 690 in 120 h was obtained, whilst providing a product substantially lowered in organometallic impurities. Significant improvements in system performance were realised by employing, at identical Pd loading, state-of-the-art catalysts with greater chemical stability. An imidazolylidene catalyst, bis(1,3-dibenzylimidazoline-2-ylidene)diiodopalladium(II), yielded an equal TON for six recycles in 40 h with substantially less reaction rate decline. Palladium(II) acetate stabilised by the quaternary phosphonium salt (quat) tetraphenylphosphonium bromide even gave six recycles in under 30 h after careful solvent selection. In all cases, the membrane showed good selectivity against the catalyst (up to 96% Pd rejection), while allowing the reaction product to permeate completely. Through the sustainable high reaction rates, reactor occupancy can be minimised, and waste generated by downstream processing reduced. Indeed, the imidazolylidene and the quat-stabilised catalyst systems surpassed 10 catalyst recycles with TONs >1000 within 60 and 45 h, respectively.
Construction of a Composite Thin-element TLD Using an Optical-heating Method (1982)

A composite thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD), composed of four, thin TL elements with a high-speed reader, has been developed by employing an optical-heating method. Each TL element, which is 15 mg/cm2 thick with a 3 mm dia., is prepared by applying Li2B4O7:Cu or CaSO4:Tm to a plastic substrate 14 mg/cm2 thick. Each element can be heated to 350 degree C within 0.8 sec. by IR radiation from a tungsten lamp. The characteristics of this TLD system include the following: (1) the detection limit of the Li2B4O7:Cu is 3 mR and the limit for CaSO4:Tm is 0.1 mR; (2) the energy-dependence curves are similar to the dose-equivalent curve, showing slight under-responses by 15% near 70 KeV for Li2B4O7:Cu and over-responses by 50% at high energies for CaSO4:Tm; (3) despite quick heating, the residual dose is as low as 0.1% of the last exposure signal; (4) responses are very stable for more than 1,000 cycles of repeated exposure readings; (5) no false signal could be detected, even in the cases of sweat or soil contamination; (6) the thin Li2B4O7;Cu element can be used for skin dose monitoring; and (7) the processing time of the automatic reader for the composite dosimeter is 3 hr/500 dosimeters. This TLD system can be applied to personnel dosimetry, gate monitoring and environmental monitoring.
Leber hereditary optic neuropathy: identification of the same mitochondrial ND1 mutation in six pedigrees. (1991)

Biochemical and molecular genetic evidence is presented that in six independent pedigrees the development of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is due to the same primary mutation in the mitochondrial ND1 gene. A LHON family from the Newcastle area of Great Britain was analyzed in depth to determine the mitochondrial genetic etiology of their disease. Biochemical assays of mitochondrial electron transport in organelles isolated from the platelet/white-blood-cell fraction have established that the members of this family have a substantial and specific lowering of flux through complex I (NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase). To determine the site of the primary mitochondrial gene mutation in this pedigree, all seven mitochondrial complex I genes were sequenced, in their entirety, from two family members. The primary mutation was identified as a homoplasmic transition at nucleotide 3460, which results in the substitution of threonine for alanine at position 52 of the ND1 protein. This residue occurs within a very highly conserved hydrophilic loop, is invariantly alanine or glycine in all ND1 proteins, and is adjacent to an invariant aspartic acid residue. This is only the second instance in which both a biochemical abnormality and a mitochondrial gene mutation have been identified in an LHON pedigree. The sequence analysis of the ND81 gene was extended to a further 11, unrelated LHON pedigrees that had been screened previously and found not to carry the mitochondrial ND4/R340H mutation. The ND1/A52T mutation at nucleotide 3460 was found in five of these 11 pedigrees. In contrast, this sequence change was not found in any of the 47 non-LHON controls. The possible role of secondary complex I mutations in the etiology of LHON is also addressed in these studies.
Intratracheal injection of endotoxin and cytokines. II. Interleukin-6 and transforming growth factor beta inhibit acute inflammation. (1991)

The nature of the endogenous mediators that down-regulate and curtail the exodus of neutrophils into local acute inflammatory sites is unknown. In the present report, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), members of a family of macrophage-derived proteins known as cytokines, are shown to inhibit significantly the acute neutrophilic exodus caused by an intratracheal injection of endotoxin (LPS), a proinflammatory component of the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria. Transforming growth factor beta (10 micrograms) and IL-6 (10 micrograms) coinjected intratracheally with LPS (10 micrograms) each inhibited the number of neutrophils in 6-hour bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens by approximately 50%. The intratracheal coinjection of IL-6, TGF beta, and LPS inhibited the LPS-induced neutrophilic inflammatory exodus by nearly 75%. Interleukin-6 also is shown to be endogenously upregulated within the lung after intratracheal challenge with endotoxin, providing evidence that IL-6 may represent an endogenous negative feedback mechanism to inhibit endotoxin-initiated cytokine-mediated acute inflammation. Interleukin-6 and TGF beta both strongly inhibited the quantity of TNF-alpha recovered in the BAL fluid of LPS-challenged rats, suggesting that downregulation of LPS-induced TNF-alpha production within the lung represents one mechanism whereby IL-6 and TGF beta exert an antiinflammatory action. Interleukin-6 and TGF beta represent novel pharmacologic and, probably, endogenous inhibitors of acute inflammation.
Visual-inertial simultaneous localization, mapping and sensor-to-sensor self-calibration (2009)

Visual and inertial sensors, in combination, are well-suited for many robot navigation and mapping tasks. However, correct data fusion, and hence overall system performance, depends on accurate calibration of the 6-DOF transform between the sensors (one or more camera(s) and an inertial measurement unit). Obtaining this calibration information is typically difficult and time-consuming. In this paper, we describe an algorithm, based on the unscented Kalman filter (UKF), for camera-IMU simultaneous localization, mapping and sensor relative pose self-calibration. We show that the sensor-to-sensor transform, the IMU gyroscope and accelerometer biases, the local gravity vector, and the metric scene structure can all be recovered from camera and IMU measurements alone. This is possible without any prior knowledge about the environment in which the robot is operating. We present results from experiments with a monocular camera and a low-cost solid-state IMU, which demonstrate accurate estimation of the calibration parameters and the local scene structure.