gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative efficacy of three commercial feline leukemia virus vaccines against methylprednisolone acetate-augmented oronasal challenge exposure with virulent virus (1991)

Three commercial FeLV vaccines, (A, B, and C) were purchased on the open market and administered to 8- to 20-week-old specific-pathogen-free kittens, according to manufacturers' instructions. A similar group of nonvaccinated kittens served as controls. All kittens were challenge-exposed oronasally with virulent FeLV 4 weeks after the final vaccination. Serum samples were monitored for FeLV-p27 antigenemia using an ELISA at 1- to 2-week intervals for at least 16 weeks after the last day of challenge exposure. Kittens that were either transiently (1 to 4 weeks) or never viremic during this period were counted as recovered, whereas kittens that became viremic and retained viremia for at least 10 weeks were counted as persistently viremic. The 3 vaccines were found to be 39% (vaccine C), 28% (vaccine B), and 17% (vaccine A) efficacious in preventing persistent viremia in immunized, compared with nonimmunized kittens.
Pixel Recurrent Neural Networks (2016)

Modeling the distribution of natural images is a landmark problem in unsupervised learning. This task requires an image model that is at once expressive, tractable and scalable. We present a deep neural network that sequentially predicts the pixels in an image along the two spatial dimensions. Our method models the discrete probability of the raw pixel values and encodes the complete set of dependencies in the image. Architectural novelties include fast two-dimensional recurrent layers and an effective use of residual connections in deep recurrent networks. We achieve log-likelihood scores on natural images that are considerably better than the previous state of the art. Our main results also provide benchmarks on the diverse ImageNet dataset. Samples generated from the model appear crisp, varied and globally coherent.
Videoconferencing on the Internet (1995)

Videoconferences are becoming increasingly frequent on the Internet and are generating much research interest. Readily available software tools enable real-time audio and video channels as well as shared whiteboards that allow groups to collaborate on distributed group work more quickly and easily than ever. The paper considers how the Internet infrastructure is beginning to support videoconferencing applications in several ways. It particularly focuses on some of the problems experienced in the virtual classroom.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Complementary Antitumor Immunity Induced by Plasmid DNA Encoding Secreted and Cytoplasmic Human ErbB-2 (2001)

A plasmid DNA was constructed to encode the N-terminal 505 aa of human ErbB-2 (E2, HER-2/neu) and designated as secreted ErbB-2 (secE2). Recombinant secE2 protein was detected in the transfected cells and was secreted as an 80-kDa glycoprotein. Vaccination of BALB/c mice with secE2 DNA induced both IgG1 and IgG2a ErbB-2-specific Abs and protected approximately 90% of mice against mouse mammary tumor D2F2, which expressed human ErbB-2 (D2F2/E2). The efficacy of secE2 vaccine was comparable with that of wild-type ErbB-2 DNA, which encodes the entire 1258 aa of ErbB-2 protein, induced only IgG2a E2-specific Abs, and stimulated greater CTL activity. Immune lymphocytes were stimulated in vitro with irradiated 3T3 cells, which expressed ErbB-2, K(d), and B7.1. CTL activity was measured by the lysis of E2-positive target cells and by intracellular IFN-gamma production. To enhance CTL activation, mice were immunized with a combination of secE2 and cytoplasmic E2 (cytE2); the latter encodes the 1258-aa ErbB-2 protein that was released into the cytoplasm upon synthesis. Significant increase in CTL activity was demonstrated after mice were immunized with the combined vaccines and all mice were protected from D2F2/E2 tumor growth. Therefore, secE2, which induced Th2 Ab and weak CTL, conferred similar protection as E2, which induced Th1 Ab and strong CTL. Combined vaccination with secE2 and cytE2 resulted in Th2 Ab, strong CTL, and the most effective protection against tumor growth. The strategy of coimmunization with DNA that direct Ags to different subcellular compartments may be adapted as appropriate to optimize immune outcome.
Selective Alteration of Long-Term Potentiation-Induced Transcriptional Response in Hippocampus of Aged, Memory-Impaired Rats (1997)

Normal human aging is associated with selective changes in cognition that are attributable, in part, to dysfunction of hippocampal pathways. Rodents also exhibit age-dependent hippocampal dysfunction that results in spatial memory deficits and a correlated reduction in the maintenance of long-term potentiation (LTP). Although suprathreshold stimulus protocols result in normal LTP induction in aged rats, the ability to sustain this increase in synaptic efficacy is reduced in the old animals. The maintenance phase of LTP is known to be dependent on rapid, transcriptional events, and recent studies have identified signal transduction mechanisms that link glutamate-induced responses at the synapse with transcriptional responses at the nucleus. To examine the integrity of these signaling pathways in aged hippocampus, we monitored the induction of a panel of immediate early genes (IEGs) that are known to be transcriptionally activated after LTP-inducing stimuli, using a "reverse Northern" strategy. Here we report that a broad representation of IEGs are similarly induced in awake, behaving young adult and aged, memory-impaired rats. This indicates a general preservation of these presumptive signaling pathways during the aging process. Induced levels of c-fos mRNA, however, are significantly higher in the aged animals. These observations suggest that age-dependent hippocampal dysfunction may be associated with a selective change in the dynamic activity of signaling pathways upstream of c-fos, possibly involving calcium regulation.
Nonsuture Microvascular Anastomosis using Magnet Rings (1980)

A new method of nonsuture microvascular anastomosis using magnet rings and cogwheel-shaped hollow metal instruments with six spurs or oval hollow instruments was developed. With this method, both end to end and end to side anastomosis are possible. End to end anastomosis in experimental animals was possible for small vessels with outer diameters of up to 1 mm with an average patency rate of 900, requiring 8.0 minutes on average. In cases of end to side anastomosis, the patency rate was 84%, requiring 8.4 minutes on average. In end to end anastomosis, electromagnetic flowmeter measurement showed that there was no difference in blood flow and blood flow patterns between control and operated vessels, even 40 days after anastomosis. In end to side anastomosis-, blood flow at the donor vessel and the total blood flow at the recipient vessel were same even after 40 days in cases of artery-to-artery anastomosis, and also after 60 minutes in cases of artery-to-vein anastomosis. No change in blood flow pattern was recognized. Histological examination in experimental animals 20 days after anastomosis revealed a continuity of the media and the intima. After 180 days, no marked abnormal findings were recognized. In a scanning electron microscope study, no disruption and flattening of longitudinal endothelial folds on the inner surface of the vessels were observed. Histological examinations showed that magnetic power did not have any effect on blood vessel walls and surrounding tissues.
Efficacy and tolerability of short-term specific immunotherapy with pollen allergoids adjuvanted by monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL®) for children and adolescents (2003)

Short-term SIT using four injections of grass/rye or tree pollen allergoids adsorbed to L-tyrosine and with MPL adjuvant was shown to be effective with good tolerability. The treatment compared favorably with previous studies in adults.
Manual Edman Sequencing System (1986)

Although a large amount—perhaps still a major amount—of direct protein sequence information has come from manual sequential degradation, there is a pervasive feeling now among scientists who utilize this information that manual methods are, at best, a relic. Even among protein chemists the word “sequencer” has come to mean a machine, not a person. Compound this with the widespread opinion that protein chemistry itself has lost its status as a scientific discipline, existing as it does merely to supply probes to the molecular geneticists and occasionally to check their DNA reading frames, and one has a method in deep psychological crisis. Fortunately, manual sequencing can provide any of the structural data that requires or advantageously utilizes protein chemistry.
Dual Vector Expansion of the Recombinant AAV Packaging Capacity (2003)

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) as a vector for gene therapy of cardiovascular diseases has received much recent attention (, , , , , ). This enthusiasm is based on the success of numerous proof of principal gene transfer experiments. Stable high-level expression has been achieved following a variety of delivery methods (direct cardiac muscle injection, coronary vascular or carotid artery infection) and in a wide range of animal models from rodents to pigs (, , , , , ). A side-by-side comparison between viral and nonviral vectors in rabbit heart suggests that rAAV is much more efficient than nonviral vectors such as naked or liposome-complexed DNA. At the same time, rAAV also displays the least inflammatory response in comparison with other viral vectors such as adenovirus and herpes simplex virus (). Regulated myocardial transgene expression has also been demonstrated with an AAV vector containing glucocorticoid response elements in rat heart ().
Kinesin Family Member 20A is a Novel Melanoma-associated Antigen (2012)

It has been shown recently that immunotherapy for advanced melanoma is effective. However, in order to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy, the identification of more specific melanoma-associated antigens is urgently needed. Kinesin family member 20A (KIF20A) has been reported to be a promising immunotherapeutic target for pancreatic cancer. To investigate the expression of KIF20A in melanoma, we performed quantitative reverse transcript (RT)-PCR and western blotting analyses of melanoma cell lines. We also investigated primary melanomas and naevus tissues with immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR. KIF20A expression was detected in 59% of melanomas and 12% of naevi by immunohisto-chemistry, and 64% of melanomas and 60% of naevi by real-time RT-PCR. The primary melanomas that were positive for KIF20A showed a significantly greater thickness than those that were negative, and patients with KIF20A+ melanoma tended to develop recurrence earlier. These results suggest that immunotherapy with KIF20A may be a novel treatment option for advanced melanoma.
P1–347: A novel resequencing technique allows quantitation of heteroplasmy in MTDNA sequence variants found in AD patients (2006)

The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) via a mechanism of oxidative injury, deficits in energy metabolism, and neuronal cell death has been well documented. Though evidence for the role of mitochondria in AD seems incontrovertible, the impact of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in AD etiology remains controversial. Though mutations in mitochondrially–encoded genes have repeatedly been implicated in the pathogenesis of AD, many of these studies have been plagued by lack of replication as well as potential contamination of nuclear–encoded mitochondrial pseudogenes. To assess the role of mtDNA mutations in the pathogenesis of AD, while avoiding the pitfalls of nuclear–encoded mitochondrial pseudogenes encountered in previous investigations and showcasing the benefits of a novel resequencing technology. We sequenced the entire coding region (15,452 bp) of mtDNA from 19 extremely well characterized AD patients and 18 age–matched, unaffected controls utilizing a new, reliable, high–throughput array–based resequencing technique, the Human MitoChip. High–throughput, array–based DNA resequencing of the entire mtDNA coding region from platelets of 37 subjects revealed the presence of 208 loci displaying a total of 917 sequence variants. Despite the fact that there were no statistically significant differences in overall mutational burden between cases and controls, 59 independent sites of statistically significant change between cases and controls were identified. Twenty–eight of the 59 loci (47.5%) were associated with genes involved in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase activity. Each of the 59 loci was statistically verified by permutation test (1000 iterations) and a permutation p–value for each locus yielded values between 0% and 1.9% with a median value of 0.8%. This study demonstrates the tremendous value of this novel platform for mtDNA resequencing, which not only avoids the pitfalls of erroneously amplifying nuclear–encoded mtDNA pseudogenes, but by utilizing the availability of raw signal intensity values for each of the four potential alleles, facilitates the precise quantitation of mtDNA heteroplasmy, a phenomenon whereby multiple, distinct copies of mtDNA can coexist in a cell. This information provides a potential new target for burgeoning diagnostics and therapeutics that could truly assist those suffering from this devastating disorder.
[Interpretation of translational medicine: patient-oriented research]. (2008)

转化医学是一个新兴的多学科融合的领域.该领域的主旨在于促进基础医学研究向临床应用的转化,同时根据临床医学的需求提出前瞻性的应用基础研究方向.它的问世,为跨越传统的基础和临床研究之间的障碍提供了一个平台,在基础研究工作者和临床医生之间架起了一座桥梁.转化医学的概念一经提出,立即展示了其强大的推动力。
A 256 kb 3.0 V 1T1MTJ nonvolatile magnetoresistive RAM (2002)

Magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) is based on magnetic memory elements integrated with CMOS. Key attributes of MRAM technology are nonvolatility and unlimited read and program endurance. A 256 kb nonvolatile MRAM is based on a memory cell defined by a single transistor (1T) and a single magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) with read and write cycles <50 ns. The memory organization is 16 k×16. Measured read power consumption is 24 mW at 3 V and 20 MHz.
Human Macrophage Migration Inhibition Factor: Evidence for Subunit Structure (1979)

Macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) derived from human lymphoid cell lines was found to lose biologic activity on dialysis. Although activity was not recovered in the dialyzate, mixing experiments demonstrated that the components in the retentate and dialyzate could reassociate to restore activity. The fragment of larger molecular weight (less than 10,000) could inhibit the activity of intact MIF, whereas the smaller molecular weight fragment (5,000 to 10,000) could not. These findings suggest that human MIF is composed of at least two noncovalently linked subunits. In analogy to the situation for certain bacterial toxins, one of these may represent an attachment piece for a target cell membrane receptor.
Detection of a tumor‐associated glycoprotein antigen in serum and urine of melanoma patients by murine monoclonal antibody (AD1‐40F4) in enzyme immunoassay (1989)

The urine of 68% of melanoma patients contains a high molecular weight glycoprotein which is expressed by melanoma cells and reacts with autologous antibody. Since high levels of this antigen in urine correlate with disease recurrence in surgically treated melanoma patients, it has been termed urinary tumor-associated antigen (U-TAA). We report the development of a murine monoclonal IgM antibody (AD1-40F4), which is specific for U-TAA. AD1-40F4 showed the same pattern of reactivity as the allo-antibodies previously used for the detection of U-TAA. The antigen recognized by AD1-40F4 has a high molecular weight (590-620 kilodaltons [kd]) and is heat stable. The AD1-40F4-reactive epitope is a protein. When AD1-40F4 was applied in an enzyme immunoassay, it allowed for the detection of U-TAA in the serum of 64% (33/52) of melanoma patients as opposed to only 5% (1/20) of normal controls. Thus, the murine monoclonal antibody AD1-40F4, which has been specifically developed against an allogeneic antibody defined antigen, U-TAA, appears to be important for immuno-prognosis of human melanoma.
CFHandARMS2Variations in Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy, and Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation (2010)

CFH Y402H is associated with AMD, tAMD, and PCV, whereas I62V is associated with all three subtypes. ARMS2 A69S has a strong association with all three subtypes, with the association being strongest for RAP and weakest for PCV. PCV and RAP may thus be subtypes of AMD that are genetically distinct from tAMD.
Measurement of the intensity and phase of ultraweak, ultrashort laser pulses (1996)

We show that frequency-resolved optical gating combined with spectral interferometry yields an extremely sensitive and general method for temporal characterization of nearly arbitrarily weak ultrashort pulses even when the reference pulses is not transform limited. We experimentally demonstrate measurement of the full time-dependent intensity and phase of a train of pulses with an average energy of 42 zeptojoules (42 x 10(-21) J), or less than one photon per pulse.
The modular architecture of a new family of growth regulators related to connective tissue growth factor (1993)

Recently, several groups have characterized and sequenced members of a new family of growth regulators (originally called cef10, connective tissue growth factor, fisp-12, cyr61, or, alternatively, beta IG-M1 and beta IG-M2), all of which belong to immediate-early genes expressed after induction by growth factors or certain oncogenes. Sequence analysis of this family revealed the presence of four distinct modules. Each module has homologues in other extracellular mosaic proteins such as Von Willebrand factor, slit, thrombospondins, fibrillar collagens, IGF-binding proteins and mucins. Classification and analysis of these modules suggests the location of binding regions and, by analogy to better characterized modules in other proteins, sheds some light onto the structure of this new family.
Dual roles for the variable domain in protein trafficking and host‐specific recognition of Heterodera glycines CLE effector proteins (2010)

*Soybean cyst nematodes (Heterodera glycines) produce secreted effector proteins that function as peptide mimics of plant CLAVATA3/ESR (CLE)-like peptides probably involved in the developmental reprogramming of root cells to form specialized feeding cells called syncytia. *The site of action and mechanism of delivery of CLE effectors to host plant cells by the nematode, however, have not been established. In this study, immunologic, genetic and biochemical approaches were used to reveal the localization and site of action of H. glycines-secreted CLE proteins in planta. *We present evidence indicating that the nematode CLE propeptides are delivered to the cytoplasm of syncytial cells, but ultimately function in the apoplast, consistent with their proposed role as ligand mimics of plant CLE peptides. We determined that the nematode 12-amino-acid CLE motif peptide is not sufficient for biological activity in vivo, pointing to an important role for sequences upstream of the CLE motif in function. *Genetic and biochemical analysis confirmed the requirement of the variable domain in planta for host-specific recognition and revealed a novel role in trafficking cytoplasmically delivered CLEs to the apoplast in order to function as ligand mimics.
Male-to-male transmission of the velo-cardio-facial syndrome: a case report and review of 60 cases. (1985)

The velo-cardio-facial syndrome is one of the most common syndromes of clefting. Previous reports have shown vertical pedigree transmission, but in all cases the gene was maternally transmitted. The genetics of this syndrome had been suspected as autosomal dominant, but X-linked dominant inheritance could not be ruled out. This report describes an instance of male-to-male transmission of the velo-cardio-facial syndrome. In addition, the clinical findings in 60 cases are reported to further delineate the phenotypic spectrum of the syndrome.
Electrical Stimulation for Epilepsy: Stimulation of Hippocampal Foci (2001)

Subacute and chronic continuous electrical stimulation at the epileptic focus in the hippocampus or parahippocampal cortex at 130 Hz, 0.21-1.0 ms, 2.5-3.5 V (about 200-300 microA) induces a decrease in focal EEG epileptic interictal activity and also in the occurrence of clinical seizures. This may represent an alternative for the treatment of temporal lobe seizures originated in bilateral independent temporal lobe foci or occurring in patients where one is uncertain whether memory deficit might result from ablative procedures.
A GSM receiver front-end in 65nm digital CMOS process (2006)

A highly compact 18.6mA, 1.5V GSM 850MHz receiver front-end implemented in a standard 65 nm digital CMOS process is presented. It achieves 33dB of gain with noise figure of 1.7dB, in-band IIP3 of -9.9dBm and IIP2 greater than 31 dBm. The P1dB is -26.5dBm and the P1dB with -25dBm blocker at 3MHz offset is -23.1dBm. It occupies an area of just 0.43 mm/sup 2/.
Analysis of the subgroup A avian sarcoma and leukosis virus receptor: the 40-residue, cysteine-rich, low-density lipoprotein receptor repeat motif of Tva is sufficient to mediate viral entry (1995)

The genes encoding the receptor for subgroup A Rous sarcoma viruses (tva) were recently cloned from both chicken and quail cells (P. Bates, J. A. T. Young, and H. E. Varmus, Cell 74:1043-1051, 1993; J. A. T. Young, P. Bates, and H. E. Varmus, J. Virol. 67:1811-1816, 1993). Previous work suggested that only the extracellular domain of Tva interacts with the virus (P. Bates, J. A. T. Young, and H. E. Varmus, Cell 74:1043-1051, 1993). Tva is a small membrane-associated protein containing in its extracellular domain a 40-amino-acid region which is closely related to the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) repeat motif. To determine the region of the Tva extracellular domain responsible for viral receptor function, we created chimeric proteins containing various regions of the Tva extracellular domain fused with a murine CD8 membrane anchor. Analysis of these proteins demonstrates that any chimera containing the Tva LDLR repeat motif can specifically bind the envelope protein of subgroup A avian sarcoma and leukosis viruses. Furthermore, NIH 3T3 cell lines expressing these chimeric proteins were efficiently infected by subgroup A avian sarcoma and leukosis virus vectors. Our results demonstrate that the 40-residue-long LDLR repeat motif of Tva is responsible for viral receptor function.
<title>Reconfigurable segmentation and subnetworking for all-optical transmission using an optical cross-connect</title> (1995)

In many networks a nodes throughput or deliverable data rate does not match the nodes network access rate. This is particularly true in fiber-optic LANs where many users must share a single communications channel and a nodes network throughput is a fraction of the rate at which its transmitter may access the fiber. Even in broadband networks which offer transport rates in excess of the access rate, the throughput still may be network topology limited by congestion, queuing and other transport delays. This paper will demonstrate how an optical cross-connect can be used in the LAN environment to segment a network into new and separate broadcast domains, which improve the overall network capacity. It also demonstrates how an optical cross-connect can be used to groom traffic in a multihop network to better utilize the network's existing bandwidth capacity.
Transient Appearance of “Autoimmune” Antibodies During Prophylactic Immunization (1960)

Summary A transient positive “autoimmune complement fixation” reaction has been found in the sera of two out of seven girls undergoing a routine schedule of prophylactic immunization. Various explanations are considered. It is thought that the phenomenon might be explained in terms of the temporary proliferation of one of the “forbidden clones” postulated by Burnet.