gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasmall Mixed Ferrite Colloids as Multidimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cell Labeling, and Cell Sorting Agents (2007)

One area that has been overlooked in the evolution of magnetic nanoparticle technology is the possibility of introducing informational atoms into the iron oxide core of the coated colloid. Introduction of suitable atoms into the iron oxide core offers an opportunity to produce a quantifiable probe, thereby adding one or more dimensions to the magnetic colloid's informational status. Lanthanide-doped iron oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized to introduce informational atoms through the formation of colloidal mixed ferrites. These colloids are designated ultrasmall mixed ferrite iron oxides (USMIOs). USMIOs containing 5 mol % europium exhibit superparamagnetic behavior with an induced magnetization of 56 emu/g Fe at 1.5 T, a powder X-ray diffraction pattern congruent with magnetite, and R1 and R2 relaxivity values of 15.4 (mM s) (-1) and 33.9 (mM s) (-1), respectively, in aqueous solution at 37 degrees C and 0.47 T. USMIO can be detected by five physical methods, combining the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) qualities of iron with the sensitive and quantitative detection of lanthanide metals by neutron activation analysis (NA), time-resolved fluorescence (TRF), X-ray fluorescence, along with detection by electron microscopy (EM). In addition to quantitative detection using neutron activation analysis, the presence of lanthanides in the iron oxide matrix confers attractive optical properties for long-term multilabeling studies with europium and terbium. These USMIOs offer high photostability, a narrow emission band, and a broad absorption band combining the high sensitivity of time-resolved fluorescence with the high spatial resolution of MRI. USMIO nanoparticles are prepared through modifications of traditional magnetite-based iron oxide colloid synthetic methods. A 5 mol % substitution of ferric iron with trivalent europium yielded a colloid with nearly identical magnetic, physical, and chemical characteristics to its magnetite colloid parent.
Transplantation of Neuronal-Primed Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Hemiparkinsonian Rodents (2011)

Bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have shown promise in in vitro neuronal differentiation and in cellular therapy for neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson' disease. However, the effects of intracerebral transplantation are not well defined, and studies do not agreed on the optimal neuronal differentiation method. Here, we investigated three growth factor-based neuronal differentiation procedures (using FGF-2/EGF/PDGF/SHH/FGF-8/GDNF), and found all to be capable of eliciting an immature neural phenotype, in terms of cell morphology and gene/protein expression. The neuronal-priming (FGF-2/EGF) method induced neurosphere-like formation and the highest NES and NR4A2 expression by hMSCs. Transplantation of undifferentiated and neuronal-primed hMSCs into the striatum and substantia nigra of 6-OHDA-lesioned hemiparkinsonian rats revealed transient graft survival of 7 days, despite the reported immunosuppressive properties of MSCs and cyclosporine-immunosuppression of rats. Neither differentiation of hMSCs nor induction of host neurogenesis was observed at injection sites, and hMSCs continued producing mesodermal fibronectin. Strategies for improving engraftment and differentiation post-transplantation, such as prior in vitro neuronal-priming, nigral and striatal grafting, and co-transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells that promote neural regeneration, were unable to provide advantages. Innate inflammatory responses (Iba-1-positive microglia/macrophage and GFAP-positive astrocyte activation and accumulation) were detected around grafts within 7 days. Our findings indicate that growth factor-based methods allow hMSC differentiation toward immature neuronal-like cells, and contrary to previous reports, only transient survival and engraftment of hMSCs occurs following transplantation in immunosuppressed hemiparkinsonian rats. In addition, suppression of host innate inflammatory responses may be a key factor for improving hMSC survival and engraftment.
Silencing the buzz: a new approach to population suppression of mosquitoes by feeding larvae double-stranded RNAs (2015)

The sequence-specific gene-silencing mechanism of this RNAi technology renders it adaptable for species-specific application across numerous insect species. We envisage its use for traditional large-scale reared releases of mosquitoes and other pest insects, although the technology might also have potential for field-based control of mosquitoes where eggs deposited into a spiked larval site lead to the release of new sterile males.
Inhibition of cell growth by TGF beta 1 is associated with inhibition of B-myb and cyclin A in both BALB/MK and Mv1Lu cells. (1994)

The concept of positive and negative regulation of normal cellular growth by diffusible factors is well illustrated by the effects of epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) on mouse keratinocytes (MK) and mink lung epithelial cells (Mv1Lu). MK and Mv1Lu are nontransformed cell lines that reversibly arrest at a point in late G1 in response to TGF beta 1. Previously, we have shown that expression of the protooncogene c-myc is induced upon epidermal growth factor stimulation of quiescent MK and Mv1Lu cells and that transcriptional suppression of c-myc by TGF beta 1 treatment is important in the TGF beta 1 growth inhibition pathway. Using epidermal growth factor-stimulated synchronized MK and Mv1Lu cells, we have investigated the mRNA expression of a large number of growth factor-inducible genes that are critical regulators of growth in G1 and at the G1/S transition. These genes, often found to be dysregulated in cancer, include transcription factors as well as cyclins and their associated kinases, that promote growth, and tumor suppressor genes, that inhibit growth. As reported here, TGF beta 1 significantly inhibited mRNA expression of B-myb and cyclin A in both cell lines, suggesting that these may be important common downstream targets in the growth inhibition pathway. In contrast, the expression patterns of cyclins D1 and D2 and the transcription factors E2F1 and E2F2 were unaffected in MK cells treated with TGF beta 1 but were significantly inhibited in TGF beta 1-treated Mv1Lu cells. We cite the evidence suggesting that the inhibition of B-myb and cyclin A may contribute to the late G1 arrest caused by TGF beta 1 and that these events may be linked through the actions of the product of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (Rb) or an Rb family member.
Antitumor activity of 2'-deoxy-2'-methylidenecytidine, a new 2'-deoxycytidine derivative. (1991)

The antitumor activity of 2'-deoxy-2'-methylidenecytidine (DMDC), an inhibitor of DNA synthesis, was examined and compared with that of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) against various murine tumors and human tumor xenografts. Against P388 murine leukemia, repeated treatments of DMDC were more effective than its single administration. Interestingly, DMDC was effective against colon 26 murine carcinoma, M5076 murine reticulum cell sarcoma, LX-1 human lung cancer xenograft, and SK-Mel-28 human melanoma xenograft, which are less sensitive or refractory to ara-C, while DMDC was not more potent against murine leukemias P388 and L1210 than ara-C. The in vitro cytotoxic effects of DMDC and ara-C against L1210 leukemia cells were prevented dose dependently by deoxycytidine, suggesting that DMDC, like ara-C, may require phosphorylation by deoxycytidine kinase for antitumor activity. DMDC was effective against human and murine experimental tumor models, especially nonleukemic tumors refractory to ara-C, suggesting that DMDC will be a promising agent for the treatment of cancer.
Robot sensor calibration: solving AX=XB on the Euclidean group (1994)

The equation AX=XB on the Euclidean group arises in the problem of calibrating wrist-mounted robotic sensors. In this article the authors derive, using methods of Lie theory, a closed-form exact solution that can be visualized geometrically, and a closed-form least squares solution when A and B are measured in the presence of noise.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Binding and signaling of surface‐immobilized reagentless fluorescent biosensors derived from periplasmic binding proteins (2006)

Development of biosensor devices typically requires incorporation of the molecular recognition element into a solid surface for interfacing with a signal detector. One approach is to immobilize the signal transducing protein directly on a solid surface. Here we compare the effects of two direct immobilization methods on ligand binding, kinetics, and signal transduction of reagentless fluorescent biosensors based on engineered periplasmic binding proteins. We used thermostable ribose and glucose binding proteins cloned from Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis and Thermotoga maritima, respectively. To test the behavior of these proteins in semispecifically oriented layers, we covalently modified lysine residues with biotin or sulfhydryl functions, and attached the conjugates to plastic surfaces derivatized with streptavidin or maleimide, respectively. The immobilized proteins retained ligand binding and signal transduction but with adversely affected affinities and signal amplitudes for the thiolated, but not the biotinylated, proteins. We also immobilized these proteins in a more specifically oriented layer to maleimide-derivatized plates using a His(2)Cys(2) zinc finger domain fused at either their N or C termini. Proteins immobilized this way either retained, or displayed enhanced, ligand affinity and signal amplitude. In all cases tested ligand binding by immobilized proteins is reversible, as demonstrated by several iterations of ligand loading and elution. The kinetics of ligand exchange with the immobilized proteins are on the order of seconds.
[Pulmonary embolism during laparoscopic cholecystectomy detected by sudden decrease in end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure]. (2001)

We report a case of intraoperative pulmonary embolism, detected by a sudden decrease in end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure (PETCO2). The patient was a 56-year-old female without any history of pulmonary disease. The patient was intubated and ventilated manually during the operation under anesthesia with sevoflurane, nitrous oxide, and vecuronium. The percutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO2) and PETCO2 were monitored continuously. Twenty minutes after starting the laparoscopic procedure, PETCO2 decreased suddenly from values between 34 and 38 mmHg to 24 mmHg, and SpO2 decreased from 99% to 95%. Nitrous oxide was discontinued. Removal of the drape revealed profound subcutaneous emphysema. Postoperative pulmonary scanning revealed areas with reduced pulmonary perfusion (Fig. 2). An intravenous bolus of heparin (3000 IU) was given immediately, followed by 10,000 IU heparin over the next 24 hours. The patient was discharged on the fifteenth postoperative day without any sequelae. Although monitoring pulmonary arterial pressure is generally considered a more reliable method for the early detection of pulmonary embolism, an invasive monitoring procedure, such as the insertion of a Swan-Ganz catheter, is usually not indicated in laparoscopic surgery. For the early detection of pulmonary embolism, we therefore recommend the continuous monitoring of PETCO2 during laparoscopic surgery.
Thickness dependence of properties of excimer laser crystallized nano-polycrystalline silicon (2005)

Excimer laser crystallization is used to produce layered nanocrystalline silicon from hydrogenated amorphous silicon, using a partial melting process. Three types of hydrogenated amorphous silicon samples, 100, 300, and 500 nm thick, were laser treated in order to investigate the changes to the structural, optical, and electrical properties as a function of amorphous silicon thickness with excimer laser crystallization. The resulting nanocrystalline thin films were characterized using Raman spectroscopy, optical absorption measurements, atomic force microscopy, forward recoil spectrometry, and current–voltage measurements. The relationship of crystalline volume and laser energy density was established, along with the behavior of the optical gap and its relationship to hydrogen content. Surface roughness effects are discussed in the context of photovoltaic applications. The effect of increased mobility on photoconductivity after excimer laser crystallization is also examined.
Feasibility study on 3D image reconstruction from 2D orthogonal cine‐MRI for MRI‐guided radiotherapy (2018)

Preliminary results on phantom and patient cases confirm the feasibility of the proposed approach in an MRI-guided scenario, especially for non-rigid tumour motion compensation.
Influence of human alpha-interferon on four human osteosarcoma xenografts in nude mice. (1985)

Growth-inhibiting effects of human alpha-interferon (HuIFN-alpha) were investigated in four human osteosarcoma xenografts in nude mice. In addition to effects on growth, the HuIFN-alpha treatment was evaluated by histological examination and DNA flow cytometric analysis. Daily doses of 2 X 10(5) IU HuIFN-alpha completely arrested the growth of two osteosarcoma xenografts and partially inhibited one, whereas 1 X 10(6) IU/day were necessary to arrest the growth of the fourth. Growth inhibition was reversible and tumor size independent. The histological appearance, including mitotic indices, and S-phase proportions were unchanged in three xenografts. The mechanism of the HuIFN-alpha-induced growth inhibition of these three xenografts was therefore not considered to be a direct antiproliferative effect, but rather due to increased cell loss and/or increased cell cycle time. The modal DNA value of one xenograft was changed from aneuploid to diploid during HuIFN-alpha treatment. Histologically, these xenografts were partly replaced by normal appearing bone and bone marrow. The S-phase proportion was also reduced in these xenografts, implying that HuIFN-alpha can also have a direct antiproliferative effect.
Large spontaneous-emission enhancements in metallic nanostructures: towards LEDs faster than lasers [Invited] (2016)

Recent progress in the design and realization of optical antennas enclosing fluorescent materials has demonstrated large spontaneous-emission enhancements and, simultaneously, high radiation efficiencies. We discuss here that an important objective of such work is to increase spontaneous-emission rates to such a degree that light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can possess modulation speeds exceeding those of typical semiconductor lasers, which are usually in the range ~20-50 GHz. We outline the underlying physics that enable large spontaneous-emission enhancements in metallic nanostructures, and we then discuss recent theoretical and experimentally promising results, where enhancements larger than a factor of ~300 have been reported, with radiation efficiencies exceeding 50%. We provide key comparative advantages of these structures in comparison to conventional dielectric microcavity designs, namely the fact that the enhancement of spontaneous emission can be relatively nonresonant (i.e., broadband) and that the antenna nanostructures can be spectrally and structurally compatible for integration with a wide class of emitters, including organic dyes, diamond nanocrystals and colloidal quantum dots. Finally, we point out that physical insight into the underlying effects can be gained by analyzing these metallic nanostructures in their equivalent-circuit (or nano-antenna) model, showing that all main effects (including the Purcell factor) can adequately be described in that approach.
Antimicrobial metabolites from a Pacific sponge, Agelas sp (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntimicrobial metabolites from a Pacific sponge, Agelas spRobert J. Capon and D. John FaulknerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 6, 1819–1822Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00318a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00318a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views462Altmetric-Citations95LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Quick Synthesis of Lipid−Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles with Low Polydispersity Using a Single-Step Sonication Method (2010)

Lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticle, consisting of a hydrophobic polymeric core and a lipid monolayer shell, represents a new and promising drug delivery platform that has shown controllable particle size and surface functionality, high drug loading yield, sustained drug release profile, and excellent in vitro and in vivo stability. These lipid monolayer-coated polymeric nanoparticles are typically fabricated through a modified nanoprecipitation method, which involves sample heating, vortexing, and solvent evaporation. Herein we report a new and fast method to synthesize lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles with controllable and nearly uniform particle size. Using a bath sonication approach, we demonstrate that the whole hybrid nanoparticle synthesis process can be completed in about 5 min compared with a few hours for previous synthesis approaches. The size and polydispersity of the resulting nanoparticles can be readily controlled by tuning the relative concentrations of individual building components. Colloidal stability tests of the synthesized hybrid nanoparticles in PBS buffer and serum show no signs of aggregation over a period of 5 days. The present method improves the production rate of the hybrid nanoparticles by near 20-fold while not compromising the physicochemical properties of the particles. This work may facilitate the bench-to-bedside translation of lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles as a robust drug nanocarrier by allowing for fabricating a large amount of these nanoparticles at high production rate.
Software reliability analysis incorporating fault detection and debugging activities (2002)

The software reliability measurement problem can be approached by obtaining the estimates of the residual number of faults in the software. Traditional black box based approaches to software reliability modeling assume that the debugging process is instantaneous and perfect. The estimates of the remaining number of faults, and hence reliability, are based on these oversimplified assumptions and they tend to be optimistic. We propose a framework relying on rate based simulation technique for incorporating explicit debugging activities along with the possibility of imperfect debugging into the black box software reliability models. We present various debugging policies and analyze the effect of these policies on the residual number of faults in the software. In addition, we propose a methodology to compute the reliability of the software, taking into account explicit debugging activities. An economic cost model to determine the optimal software release criteria in the presence of debugging activities is described. Finally, we present the high level architecture of a tool, called SRSIM, for the purpose of automating the simulation techniques presented.
Comparison of the Pseudorabies Virus Us9 Protein with Homologs from Other Veterinary and Human Alphaherpesviruses (2009)

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) Us9 is a small, tail-anchored (TA) membrane protein that is essential for axonal sorting of viral structural proteins and is highly conserved among other members of the alphaherpesvirus subfamily. We cloned the Us9 homologs from two human pathogens, varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), as well as two veterinary pathogens, equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) and bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), and fused them to enhanced green fluorescent protein to examine their subcellular localization and membrane topology. Akin to PRV Us9, all of the Us9 homologs localized to the trans-Golgi network and had a type II membrane topology (typical of TA proteins). Furthermore, we examined whether any of the Us9 homologs could compensate for the loss of PRV Us9 in anterograde, neuron-to-cell spread of infection in a compartmented chamber system. EHV-1 and BHV-1 Us9 were able to fully compensate for the loss of PRV Us9, whereas VZV and HSV-1 Us9 proteins were unable to functionally replace PRV Us9 when they were expressed in a PRV background.
The self-organizing map (1990)

The self-organized map, an architecture suggested for artificial neural networks, is explained by presenting simulation experiments and practical applications. The self-organizing map has the property of effectively creating spatially organized internal representations of various features of input signals and their abstractions. One result of this is that the self-organization process can discover semantic relationships in sentences. Brain maps, semantic maps, and early work on competitive learning are reviewed. The self-organizing map algorithm (an algorithm which order responses spatially) is reviewed, focusing on best matching cell selection and adaptation of the weight vectors. Suggestions for applying the self-organizing map algorithm, demonstrations of the ordering process, and an example of hierarchical clustering of data are presented. Fine tuning the map by learning vector quantization is addressed. The use of self-organized maps in practical speech recognition and a simulation experiment on semantic mapping are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>