gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relating Toy Models of Quantum Computation: Comprehension, Complementarity and Dagger Mix Autonomous Categories (2011)

Toy models have been used to separate important features of quantum computation from the rich background of the standard Hilbert space model. Category theory, on the other hand, is a general tool to separate components of mathematical structures, and analyze one layer at a time. It seems natural to combine the two approaches, and several authors have already pursued this idea. We explore categorical comprehension construction as a tool for adding features to toy models. We use it to comprehend quantum propositions and probabilities within the basic model of finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. We also analyze complementary quantum observables over the category of sets and relations. This leads into the realm of test spaces, a well-studied model. We present one of many possible extensions of this model, enabled by the comprehension construction. Conspicuously, all models obtained in this way carry the same categorical structure, extending the familiar dagger compact framework with the complementation operations. We call the obtained structure dagger mix autonomous, because it extends star autonomous categories, popular in computer science, in a similar way like dagger compact structure extends compact categories. Dagger mix autonomous categories seem to arise quite naturally in quantum computation, as soon as complementarity is viewed as a part of the global structure.
Fish and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Women (2002)

Among women, higher consumption of fish and omega-3 fatty acids is associated with a lower risk of CHD, particularly CHD deaths.
A 0.6V 8 pJ/write non-volatile CBRAM macro embedded in a body sensor node for ultra low energy applications (2013)

A non-volatile CBRAM macro embedded with a body sensor node processing platform operates at low voltages down to 600mV for write and 300mV for read, enabling ultra low energy operation, compatibility with energy constrained digital systems, and no need for charge pumps.
Recent patents in the discovery of small molecule inhibitors of JAK3 (2010)

This review is intended for medicinal chemists and patent agents who want to get a quick understanding of the state of the art in the field of JAK3 inhibitors. It further serves as a reference point to go into more depth on any series reported and to be able to evaluate any original research ideas in this area in the future.
The Measurement of Sweat Intensity Using a New Technique (1998)

In this study, a new technique developed by us, called the &amp;amp;quot;pad glove method&amp;amp;quot; was used to measure sweat intensity in the palms of 15 patients with palmoplantar hyperhidrosis, and of 15 control subjects. Quantitative results in the hyperhidrosis group 2.1861±0.0836 grams/hour for the right hand and 2.2478±0.0961 grams/hour for the left hand, while in the control group were 0.3278±0.0419 grams/hour and 0.371±0.0501 grams/hours, respectively. Data were analyzed by Student&amp;amp;apos;s t test. The sweat intensities in the hyperhidrosis group were found to be significantly higher than in the control group in both hands (p
Effects of toxic agents at the protein level: quantitative measurement of 213 mouse liver proteins following xenobiotic treatment. (1987)

By analyzing two-dimensional electrophoretic patterns of mouse liver proteins with a computerized image analysis system, we have observed quantitative changes in the abundance of more than 70 proteins in mice treated with various agents. Aroclor 1254, a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls known to induce a broad spectrum of microsomal activity, induces the largest group of changes (60 proteins altered at p less than 0.001 significance). Phenobarbital produces a small set of characteristic changes that forms part of the much larger Aroclor 1254 effect. Ibuprofen treatment produces a phenobarbital-like pattern of change, with the addition of at least one protein change not observed with any of the other treatments. Cycloheximide and carbon tetrachloride each induces a different characteristic pattern of protein alteration. We have assigned most of the mouse liver proteins to a specific subcellular fraction, and it appears that the predominant class of proteins altered by each compound is present in the soluble phase, rather than in the microsomal fraction. The ability to survey large numbers of tissue proteins for involvement in pharmacologic and toxic effects may allow a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of action in vivo and provide new markers of tissue damage.
Levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in serum of patients with endometriosis (2003)

Although VEGF seems to play a pivotal role locally in the implantation and development of endometriotic lesions, the disease is not associated with a significant modulation in the levels of circulating VEGF.
CRITICAL IMPORTANCE OF THE TRIPLET LIFETIME OF PHOTOSENSITIZER IN PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY OF TUMOR (1989)

The relation between the lifetimes of the triplet states of various porphyrins and their photosensitizing effects on the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of tumor has been examined. Diethylene-triamine pentaacetic acid ester of 4-[1-(2-hydroxy-ethyloxy)ethyl]-2-vinyl deuteroporphyrin-IX gallium (III) complex (Ga-DP), zinc (II) complex (Zn-DP), and manganese (III) complex (Mn-DP) and Photofrin II (PII) are used as the photosensitizer. The triplet lifetimes have been measured for the samples adsorbed on filter paper (FP) and found to be 57 ms (Ga-DP), 26 ms (Zn-DP), less than or equal to 10 microseconds (Mn-DP) and 9 ms (PII). The phosphorescence of Ga-DP in tumor-bearing golden hamsters are measured both in tumor tissue and in liver. They show bi-exponential decay with the lifetimes of about 5 and 20 ms. From the values, the generation rate, kct[3O2], of singlet molecular oxygen in living animal tissue may be estimated to be an order of 10(2) s-1. The PDT effects have been quantitatively investigated for in vitro experiments; upon irradiation the growth inhibitions of mouse p388 leukemia cells are obtained as a function of concentration of Ga-DP, Zn-DP, Mn-DP and PII. The experimental results indicate that the PDT effects depend essentially on the triplet lifetimes of the photosensitizers.
Reduction of verticillium wilt symptoms in cotton following seed treatment with Trichoderma virens. (2000)

Strains of Trichoderma virens that control damping-off of cotton seedlings caused by either Pythium ultimum or Rhizoctonia solani were tested for their ability to induce resistance to Verticillium wilt. Cotton seeds were treated with dried preparations of T. virens and planted in field soil. Plants with six true leaves were inoculated with Verticillium dahliae by stem puncture. After 10 d, plants were rated for Verticillium wilt symptoms and plant heights measured. Two strains of T. virens significantly reduced (alpha = 0.05) the disease-severity ratings in V. dahliae-inoculated plants of two cotton cultivars, Rowden and Deltapine 50. This result indicated that T. virens may induce a systemic resistance response in cotton, but concentrations of terpenoid phytoalexins in stele extracts were not significantly different in V. dahliae-inoculated plants that had been treated with the T. virens when compared with plants treated with the carrier alone. In the absence of Verticillium, plants treated with the G-4 isolate of T. virens were significantly taller than control plants treated without T. virens. This result indicates that some strains of T. virens may have growth-promoting activity.
Quadruplex-Based Molecular Beacons as Tunable DNA Probes (2006)

Molecular beacons (MBs) are fluorescent nucleic acid probes with a hairpin-shaped structure in which the 5' and 3' ends are self-complementary. Due to a change in their emissive properties upon recognition with complementary sequences, MBs allow the diagnosis of single-stranded DNA or RNA with high mismatch discrimination, in vitro and in vivo. Whereas the stems of MB hairpins usually rely on the formation of a Watson-Crick duplex, we demonstrate in this report that the preceding structure can be replaced by a G-quadruplex motif (G4). Intramolecular quadruplexes may still be formed with a central loop composed of 12 to 21 bases, therefore extending the sequence repertoire of quadruplex formation. G4-MB can efficiently be used for oligonucleotide discrimination: in the presence of a complementary sequence, the central loop hybridizes and forms a duplex that causes opening of the quadruplex stem. The corresponding G4-MB unfolding can be detected by a change in its fluorescence emission. We discuss the thermodynamic and kinetic opportunities that are provided by using G4-MB instead of traditional MB. In particular, the intrinsic feature of the quadruplex motif facilitates the design of functional molecular beacons by independently varying the concentration of monovalent or divalent cations in the medium.
Imaging of Features on Surfaces by Condensation Figures (1993)

Condensation of a vapor to a liquid on a cold surface that is not wet completely by this liquid leads to the formation of an array of droplets. If the surface is heterogeneous in its physical properties (especially its interfacial free energy), the patterns of these arrays reflect this heterogeneity. The distribution of droplets of water (condensation figures or CFs) observed by optical microscopy on a surface can be correlated with the molecular structure of that surface. The substrates used to investigate the formation and morphology of the CFs were patterned, self-assembled monolayers of different alkanethiolates on gold and of alkyl siloxanes on glass. Analysis of CFs is a valuable nondestructive technique for characterizing heterogeneities in surfaces.
Cell and Molecular Biology of Simian Virus 40: Implications for Human Infections and Disease (1999)

Simian virus 40 (SV40), a polyomavirus of rhesus macaque origin, was discovered in 1960 as a contaminant of polio vaccines that were distributed to millions of people from 1955 through early 1963. SV40 is a potent DNA tumor virus that induces tumors in rodents and transforms many types of cells in culture, including those of human origin. This virus has been a favored laboratory model for mechanistic studies of molecular processes in eukaryotic cells and of cellular transformation. The viral replication protein, named large T antigen (T-ag), is also the viral oncoprotein. There is a single serotype of SV40, but multiple strains of virus exist that are distinguishable by nucleotide differences in the regulatory region of the viral genome and in the part of the T-ag gene that encodes the protein's carboxyl terminus. Natural infections in monkeys by SV40 are usually benign but may become pathogenic in immunocompromised animals, and multiple tissues can be infected. SV40 can replicate in certain types of simian and human cells. SV40-neutralizing antibodies have been detected in individuals not exposed to contaminated polio vaccines. SV40 DNA has been identified in some normal human tissues, and there are accumulating reports of detection of SV40 DNA and/or T-ag in a variety of human tumors. This review presents aspects of replication and cell transformation by SV40 and considers their implications for human infections and disease pathogenesis by the virus. Critical assessment of virologic and epidemiologic data suggests a probable causative role for SV40 in certain human cancers, but additional studies are necessary to prove etiology.
Dehydrins: A commonalty in the response of plants to dehydration and low temperature (1997)

Among proteins that accumulate in plants in response to dehydrative forces or low temperature, dehydrins (late embryogenesis abundant [ Lea ] D11 family) have been the most commonly observed. Dehydrins are composed of several typical domains joined together in a few characteristic patterns, with numerous minor permutations. These domains include one or more putative amphipathic a ‐helix forming consensus regions, a phosphorylatable tract of Ser residues, and an N‐terminal consensus sequence. Lesser conserved domains are also present at various positions, particularly between the putative a ‐helix forming domains, where they may occur as tandem repeats. This medley of permutations is mirrored by a wide size range of dehydrin polypeptides from less than 100 to nearly 600 amino acid residues. As of yet, the fundamental biochemical mode of action of dehydrins has not been demonstrated, but a number of immunolocalization and cell fractionation studies have established that dehydrins can be located in the nucleus or cytoplasm. Furthermore, it appears that these proteins associate with macromolecules ranging from nucleoprotein complexes in the nucleus to an endomembrane sheath in the cytoplasm. At present, all observations are consistent with a hypothesis that dehydrins are surfactants capable of inhibiting the coagulation of a range of macromolecules, thereby preserving structural integrity.
[Methyl jasmonate induces apoptosis of human neuroblastoma cell line BE(2) -C and its mechanism]. (2008)

This study is to explore the inhibitory effect of methyl jasmonate on cell proliferation and expression of XIAP and survivin of human neuroblastoma cell line BE(2)-C. After cultivation of 1 - 2 mmol x L(-1) jasmonates with BE (2) -C cells for 6 - 24 h, the growth inhibiting rates of BE (2) -C cells were studied by MTT colorimetry. Cell proliferation was detected by colony formation assay. Cell cycle phases were assayed by propidium iodide staining flow cytometery. Cell apoptosis was inspected by acridine orange-ethidium bromide fluorescent staining, Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining, and Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide staining flow cytometry. Expressions of cyclin D1, XIAP and survivin were determined by RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR. Methyl jasmonate inhibited the growth of BE(2)-C cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. After addition of 1, 1.5 and 2 mmol x L(-1) of methyl jasmonate for 24 h, the inhibiting rates of cell growth reached 20.6% - 85.5% (P < 0.01), and the IC50 was 1.35 mmol x L(-1). The cell cycles were arrested at S phase. A part of cells presented the characteristic morphological changes of apoptosis. The early apoptotic rates were 13.51%, 17.32%, 24.59% (P < 0.01) and the cell death rates were 29.36% , 54.73% , 75.52% (P < 0.01), respectively. The expression of XIAP and survivin mRNA were downregulated by 18.5% - 68.9% , 22.4% - 48.7% (P < 0.05), respectively, without change in that of cyclin D1. The results indicated that methyl jasmonate could significantly inhibit the growth of BE(2) -C cells through inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, downregulating the expression of XIAP and survivin might be one of its molecular mechanisms of action.
Alterations within the activation domain of the sigma 54-dependent activator DctD that prevent transcriptional activation (1997)

Rhizobium meliloti DctD (C4-dicarboxylate transport protein D) is a transcriptional activator that catalyzes the ATP-dependent isomerization of closed complexes between sigma 54-RNA polymerase holoenzyme and the dctA promoter to open complexes. Following random mutagenesis of dctD, 55 independent mutant forms of DctD that failed to activate transcription from a dctA'-'lacZ reporter gene in Escherichia coli were selected, and the amino acid substitutions were determined for these mutant proteins. Amino acid substitutions were distributed throughout the central domain of the protein, the domain responsible for transcription activation, but most of the substitutions occurred within three highly conserved regions of the protein. Selected mutant proteins were purified, and their activities were studied in vitro. All of the purified mutant proteins appeared to have normal DNA-binding activity and interacted with sigma 54 and core RNA polymerase, as determined from protein crosslinking assays. Proteins with amino acid substitutions in a region spanning amino acid positions 222 to 225 retained their ATPase activities, whereas proteins with substitutions in other regions had little or no ATPase activity. Taken together, these data suggest that the region that encompasses amino acid residues 222 through 225 probably functions in coupling the energy released from ATP hydrolysis to open complex formation rather than as a major determinant for binding to RNA polymerase.
Large‐scale feasibility of gene transduction into human CD34+ cell‐derived dendritic cells by adenoviral/polycation complex (2000)

With a view to using multiple injections of anti‐cancer dendritic cell (DC)‐based vaccines, we evaluated the feasibility of the adenoviral transduction of large amounts of human CD34 + cell‐derived DCs, and analysed the persistence of the transgene expression and the integrity of DC functional activity after the transduction/cryopreservation procedures. Mature DCs generated from highly enriched human CD34 + cells were transduced by a recombinant adenovirus (rAd‐MFG) that carried a modified, membrane‐exposed, alkaline phosphatase (AP) sequence as the reporter gene. Cationic lipids such as LipofectAmine or poly‐ l ‐lysine were mixed with the viral particles before the transduction of the target cells. The highest transduction efficiency was obtained at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) rate of 500 (AP + DCs: 50 ± 2%, viability = 95%) under both small‐ and large‐scale conditions. The addition of poly‐ l ‐lysine or LipofectAmine increased the percentage of transduced cells at an MOI of 500 (CD1a + /AP + cells = 85 ± 3% and 80 ± 2% respectively). Polycations made it possible to reduce the amounts of viral particles, with high efficiency of transduction being achieved at a MOI of 100 with 10 μg/ml poly‐ l ‐lysine (CD1a + /AP + : 68 ± 9%) or 30 μg/ml LipofectAmine (CD1a + /AP + : 60 ± 7%). Evaluation of the immunophenotype of the transduced DCs showed that the lack of a DC subpopulation was more susceptible to adenoviral transduction. Cryopreservation of transduced DCs did not modify the viability or percentage of AP + cells that maintain antigen‐presenting cell (APC) functions. These findings indicate the efficacy of this method for the transduction of large amounts of CD34 + cell‐derived DCs using small quantities of adenoviral vector mixed with polycations. Cryopreservation of transduced DCs did not damage their viability or APC functions, thus making it possible to plan multiple injections of engineered DC‐based vaccines.
Low-Temperature Synthesis of Soluble and Processable Organic-Capped Anatase TiO2 Nanorods (2003)

We demonstrate the controlled growth of high aspect ratio anatase TiO2 nanorods by hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) in oleic acid (OLEA) as surfactant at a temperature as low as 80 degrees C. Chemical modification of TTIP by OLEA is proven to be a rational strategy to tune the reactivity of the precursor toward water. The most influential factors in shape control of the nanoparticles are investigated by simply manipulating their growth kinetics. The presence of tertiary amines or quaternary ammonium hydroxides as catalysts is essential to promote fast crystallization under mild conditions. The novelty of the present approach relies on the large-scale production of organic-capped TiO2 nanocrystals to which standard processing of colloidal nanocrystals, such as surface ligand exchange, can be applied for the first time. Concentrated colloidal titania dispersions can be prepared for a number of fundamental studies in homogeneous solutions and represent a new source of easily processable oxide material for many technological applications.
Correlations of genotype and phenotype in hypophosphatasia (1999)

Hypophosphatasia, a rare inherited disorder characterized by defective bone mineralization, is highly variable in its clinical expression. The disease is due to various mutations in the tissue-non-specific alkaline phosphatase ( TNSALP ) gene. We report here the use of clinical data, site-directed mutagenesis and computer-assisted modelling to propose a classification of 32 TNSALP gene mutations found in 23 European patients, 17 affected with lethal hypophosphatasia and six with non-lethal hypophosphatasia. Transfection studies of the missense mutations found in non-lethal hypophosphatasia showed that six of them allowed significant residual in vitro enzymatic activity, suggesting that these mutations corresponded to moderate alleles. Each of the six patients with non-lethal hypophosphatasia carried at least one of these alleles. The three-dimensional model study showed that moderate mutations were not found in the active site, and that most of the severe missense mutations were localized in crucial domains such as the active site, the vicinity of the active site and homodimer interface. Some mutations appeared to be organized in clusters on the surface of the molecule that may represent possible candidates for regions interacting with the C-terminal end involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) attachment or with other dimers to form tetramers. Finally, our results show a good correlation between clinical forms of the disease, mutagenesis experiments and the three-dimensional structure study, and allowed us to clearly distinguish moderate alleles from severe alleles. They also confirm that the extremely high phenotypic heterogeneity observed in patients with hypophosphatasia was due mainly to variable residual enzymatic activities allowed by missense mutations found in the human TNSALP gene.
A multispan language modeling framework for large vocabulary speech recognition (1998)

A new framework is proposed to construct multispan language models for large vocabulary speech recognition, by exploiting both local and global constraints present in the language. While statistical n-gram modeling can readily take local constraints into account, global constraints have been more difficult to handle within a data-driven formalism. In this work, they are captured via a paradigm first formulated in the context of information retrieval, called latent semantic analysis (LSA). This paradigm seeks to automatically uncover the salient semantic relationships between words and documents in a given corpus. Such discovery relies on a parsimonious vector representation of each word and each document in a suitable, common vector space. Since in this space familiar clustering techniques can be applied, it becomes possible to derive several families of large-span language models, with various smoothing properties. Because of their semantic nature, the new language models are well suited to complement conventional, more syntactically oriented n-grams, and the combination of the two paradigms naturally yields the benefit of a multispan context. An integrative formulation is proposed for this purpose, in which the latent semantic information is used to adjust the standard n-gram probability. The performance of the resulting multispan language models, as measured by perplexity, compares favorably with the corresponding n-gram performance.
The UFS-QOL, a new disease-specific symptom and health-related quality of life questionnaire for leiomyomata (2002)

The UFS-QOL appears to be a useful new tool for detecting differences in symptom severity and health-related quality of life among patients with uterine leiomyomata. Additional study is underway to determine the responsiveness of the UFS-QOL to therapies for leiomyomata.
PNA-Based Reagents for the Direct and Site-Specific Synthesis of Thymine Dimer Lesions in Genomic DNA (2006)

An acetophenone containing PNA-based reagent was designed for the direct and site-specific synthesis of a cis-syn thymidine dimer lesion in genomic DNA.