gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
N1'‐(p‐[18F]Fluorobenzyl)naltrindole (p‐[18F]BNTI) as a potential PET imaging agent for DOP receptors (2006)

Abstract The N1 '‐( p ‐fluorobenzyl)naltrindole 5 has been synthesized by reaction of 3‐ O ‐benzyl NTI 3 with p ‐fluorobenzylbromide under phase transfer catalysis. The subsequent 3‐ O ‐benzyldeprotection of 4 in HBr/CH 3 COOH gave the target compound 5 in three steps from naltrindole 2 . p ‐FBNTI 5 is a novel delta opioid receptor antagonist ( K i =0.00312 nM) and antagonizes the delta opioid (DOP) agonist, DPDPE, with a K e =1.55 nM in the mouse vas deferens preparation. Using the same synthetic strategy the synthesis of p ‐[ 18 F]BNTI 10 was undertaken. The final yield was 4% and the specific activity varied in a range of 250–400 mCi/µmol. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Cognitive Function, Quality of Life and Mental Health in Survivors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Review (2015)

There is growing interest in the long-term outcomes of patients surviving out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). This paper aims to summarise the available literature on the long-term cognitive, health-related quality of life (QoL) and mental health outcomes of survivors of OHCA. Between 30% and 50% of survivors of OHCA experience cognitive deficits for up to several years post-discharge. Deficits of attention, declarative memory, executive function, visuospatial abilities and verbal fluency are commonly reported. Survivors of OHCA appear to report high rates of mental illness, with up to 61% experiencing anxiety, 45% experiencing depression and 27% experiencing post-traumatic stress. Fatigue appears to be a commonly reported long-term outcome for survivors of OHCA. Investigations of long-term QoL for these patients have produced mixed findings. Carers of survivors of OHCA report high rates of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress, with insufficient social and financial support. The heterogeneous range of instruments used to assess cognitive function and QoL prevent any clear conclusions being drawn from the available literature. The potential biases inherent in this patient population and the interaction between QoL, cognitive performance and mental health warrant further investigation, as does the role of post-discharge support services in improving long-term patient outcomes.
Organozinnverbindungen, XXII1) Synthesen mit N‐Trialkylstannyl‐keteniminen2) (1968)

Abstract N ‐Trialkylstannyl‐ketenimine 1 bilden mit Acylhalogeniden, Benzylhalogeniden oder Halogenen disubstituierte Malodinitrile, mit Säuren oder Alkoholen monosubstituierte Malodinitrile in im allgemeinen guten bis sehr guten Ausbeuten (Tab. 1‐6). Die meisten der dargestellten Verbindungen sind bisher noch nicht beschrieben.
The present status of biological effects of toxic metals in the environment: lead, cadmium, and manganese (1984)

The number of reports concerning the chemical toxicology of metals which are released in the environment by natural as well as anthropogenic sources, have been increasing constantly. Lead, cadmium, and manganese have found a variety of uses in industry, craft, and agriculture owing to their physical and chemical properties. The environmental burden of heavy metals has been rising substantially by smelter emission in air and waste sewage in water. Further, organic compounds of lead and manganese used as antiknock substances in gasoline are emitted into the atmosphere by automobile exhaustion. Such environmental contamination of air, water, soil, and food is a serious threat to all living kinds. Although these metals are known to produce their toxic effects on a variety of body systems, much emphasis has been placed on their effects on the nervous system owing to apparent association of relatively low or "subclinical" levels of metallic exposure with behavioral and psychological disorders. Clinical and animal data on environmental exposure show that while lead and manganese are most toxic to the nervous system, cadmium exerts profound adverse effects on kidney and the male reproductive system. It appears that the consequences of exposure to lead in adults are less severe than the types of exposure associated with hyperactivity in neonates. Except for a few reports, hyperactivity has indeed been observed in animals exposed to either of these three metals. Experimental work has also shown that these metals produce behavioral changes by altering the metabolism of brain neurotransmitters, especially catecholamines. Recently, it is hypothesized that these metals exert their toxic effect by damaging biological defences which exist in the body to serve as protective mechanisms against exogenous toxins. A voluminous publication list with diverse opinions on the biological effects of metals is available and there is an urgent need to compile assessment of the existing literature to identify the future theme of research work. The problem of metal toxicity becomes even more complex owing to simultaneous or successive exposure of the general population to different physical, chemical, biological, and psychological factors in the environment. The net toxic manifestations produced by multiple exposure should, therefore, be different from those produced by a single factor as the result of their additive, synergistic or antagonistic action. Even though a metal may not exist in sufficient amounts to cause any disability, the toxicity could result when a second factor is also present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A Human Biofilm-Disrupting Monoclonal Antibody Potentiates Antibiotic Efficacy in Rodent Models of both Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii Infections (2017)

Many serious bacterial infections are antibiotic refractory due to biofilm formation. A key structural component of biofilm is extracellular DNA, which is stabilized by bacterial proteins, including those from the DNABII family. TRL1068 is a high-affinity human monoclonal antibody against a DNABII epitope conserved across both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species. In the present study, the efficacy of TRL1068 for the disruption of biofilm was demonstrated <i>in vitro</i> in the absence of antibiotics by scanning electron microscopy. The <i>in vivo</i> efficacy of this antibody was investigated in a well-characterized catheter-induced aortic valve infective endocarditis model in rats infected with a methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) strain with the ability to form thick biofilms, obtained from the blood of a patient with persistent clinical infection. Animals were treated with vancomycin alone or in combination with TRL1068. MRSA burdens in cardiac vegetations and within intracardiac catheters, kidneys, spleen, and liver showed significant reductions in the combination arm versus vancomycin alone (<i>P</i> < 0.001). A trend toward mortality reduction was also observed (<i>P</i> = 0.09). In parallel, the <i>in vivo</i> efficacy of TRL1068 against a multidrug-resistant clinical <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> isolate was explored by using an established mouse model of skin and soft tissue catheter-related biofilm infection. Catheter segments infected with <i>A. baumannii</i> were implanted subcutaneously into mice; animals were treated with imipenem alone or in combination with TRL1068. The combination showed a significant reduction of catheter-adherent bacteria versus the antibiotic alone (<i>P</i> < 0.001). TRL1068 shows excellent promise as an adjunct to standard-of-care antibiotics for a broad range of difficult-to-treat bacterial infections.
A probabilistic method for foreground and shadow segmentation (2004)

This paper presents a probabilistic method for foreground segmentation that distinguishes moving objects from their cast shadows in monocular indoor image sequences. The models of background, shadow, and edge information are set up and adaptively updated. A Bayesian framework is proposed to describe the relationships among the segmentation label, background, intensity, and edge information. A Markov random field is used to boost the spatial connectivity of the segmented regions. The solution is obtained by maximizing the posterior probability density of the segmentation field.
Peptides Presented to the Immune System by the Murine Class II Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecule I-A d (1992)

Between 650 and 2000 different peptides are associated with the major histocompatibility complex class II molecule I-Ad. Sequences for nine of these were obtained by a combination of automated Edman degradation and tandem mass spectrometry. All of the peptides are derived from secretory or integral membrane proteins that are synthesized by the antigen-presenting cell itself. Peptides were 16 to 18 residues long, had ragged NH2-and COOH-termini, and contained a six-residue binding motif that was variably placed within the peptide chain. Binding data on truncated peptides suggest that the peptide binding groove on class II molecules can be open at both ends.
Rapid dendritic cell recruitment is a hallmark of the acute inflammatory response at mucosal surfaces. (1994)

Immunohistochemical analysis of challenge sites such as skin and the peritoneal cavity has identified neutrophils as virtually the sole cellular participants in acute bacterial inflammation, peak influx occurring 24-48 h in advance of mononuclear cell populations associated with adaptive immunity. This study challenges the general applicability of this paradigm. We demonstrate here that the earliest detectable cellular response after inhalation of Moraxella catarrhalis organisms is the recruitment of putative class II major histocompatibility complex-bearing dendritic cell (DC) precursors into the airway epithelium, the initial wave arriving in advance of the neutrophil influx. Unlike the neutrophils which rapidly transit into the airway lumen, the DC precursors remain within the epithelium during the acute inflammatory response where they differentiate, and develop the dendriform morphology typical of resident DC found in the normal epithelium. During the ensuing 48-h period, these cells then migrate to the regional lymph nodes. No comparable DC response was observed after epidermal or intraperitoneal challenge, and it may be that mucosal surfaces are unique in their requirement for rapid DC responses during acute inflammation. We hypothesize that the role of the DC influx during acute inflammation may be surveillance for opportunistic viruses, and that this covert protective mechanism is operative at a restricted number of mucosal tissue sites.
Identification of Germline and Somatic Mutations Affecting the Retinoblastoma Gene (1988)

Retinoblastoma (RB) is a malignant tumor of developing retina that arises when abnormalities resulting in loss of function affect both alleles of the gene at the retinoblastoma locus (RB1) on chromosome 13q. The majority of RB tumors do not show gross alterations in a 4.7-kb fragment (4.7R), which is a candidate RB1 gene. To search for more subtle mutations, the ribonuclease protection method was used to analyze 4.7R messenger RNA from RB tumors. Five of 11 RB tumors, which exhibit normal 4.7R DNA and normal-sized RNA transcripts, showed abnormal ribonuclease cleavage patterns. Three of the five mutations affected the same region of the messenger RNA, consistent with an effect on splicing involving an as yet unidentified 5' exon. The high frequency of mutations in 4.7R supports the identification of 4.7R as the RB1 gene. However, the unusual nature of some of the abnormalities of 4.7 R alleles indicates that the accepted sequence of genetic events involved in the genesis of RB may require reevaluation.
The Structure of Poly(1-oxo-2-phenyltrimethylene): A Crystalline Alternating Styrene-Carbon Monoxide Copolymer (1990)

From the alternating copolymerization of carbon monoxide and styrene with a soluble palladium containing catalytic system a product fraction insoluble in boiling 2-butanone was isolated which is highly crystalline. The polymer has been identified mainly by 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy and by X-ray diffraction as syndiotactic poly(1-oxo-2-phenyltrimethylene). This polymer completely epimerizes to atactic poly(1-oxo-2-phenyltrimethylene) in the presence of sodium 2-chlorophenolate.
Insulin-like Growth Factor I Plasmid Therapy Promotes in Vivo Angiogenesis (2003)

Angiogenesis, the formation of neovessels from the endothelium of preexisting vessels, is stimulated by soluble angiogenic factors. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) stimulates myogenesis and induces nerve regeneration after injury, and it has been shown to stimulate angiogenesis. However, the in vivo angiogenic effects of IGF-I in regenerating and diabetic muscle have yet to be described. Therefore, we studied the effects of human IGF-I (hIGF-I) delivered by a plasmid-mediated therapy on angiogenesis in mouse models of these two conditions. Plasmid hIGF-I was delivered to the injured tibialis muscle by direct intramuscular injection followed by electroporation. Initial experiments compared two muscle-specific hIGF-I-expressing constructs containing either a skeletal actin 3'UTR (pAV2001) or a human growth hormone (GH) 3'UTR (pAV2002). Skeletal actin 3'UTR mediates sequestration of hIGF-I in the muscle and was more active, while the GH 3'UTR mediated release of IGF-I into the circulation. Treatment of regenerating muscle with pAV2001 and sequestration of IGF-I in muscle led to increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptors fetal liver kinase-1 and FmS-like tyrosine kinase receptor-1, as well as platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, on endothelial cells. These results indicate that IGF-I can amplify angiogenic responses in regenerating muscle. In a mouse diabetic model, plasmid-mediated IGF-I therapy reversed diabetic microangiopathy, as shown by increased angiogenesis and arterial flow as analyzed by Doppler imaging. These studies show that plasmid IGF-I delivery and sequestration in muscle can augment angiogenesis in regenerating muscle and increase blood flow and angiogenesis in the diabetic limb.
Integromic Analysis of the NCI-60 Cancer Cell Lines (2004)

Microarray-based transcript profiling has become exceedingly popular, particularly for breast cancer. However, other 'omic' profiling technologies at the DNA, RNA, protein, functional, and pharmacological levels are also becoming increasingly practical. We define 'integromics' as the melding of such diverse types of data from different experimental platforms. The whole can sometimes be more than the sum of its parts. We describe here a set of integromic studies in which we have profiled the 60 human cancer cell lines (the NCI-60) used by the National Cancer Institute to screen >100,000 chemical compounds over the last 13 years. Patterns of potency in the screen can be mapped into molecular structures of the compounds or into molecular characteristics of the cells. Here we discuss conceptual and experimental aspects of the profiling, as well as a number of bioinformatic computer programs (CIMminer, MedMiner, MatchMiner, and GoMiner) that we have developed for biological interpretation of the profiles. As briefly reviewed here, we have used the combination of NCI-60 data types to identify markers for distinguishing tumor types and to obtain pharmacogenomic clues for possible individualization of a cancer therapy.
Parenteral Nutrition Utilization (2013)

Parenteral nutrition (PN) use in hospitalized patients has more than tripled in the U.S. from 1993 to 2010 according to statistics from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) (see Figure 1).1 Total number of hospital discharges with the ICD-9 code of 99.15, parenteral nutrition, 1993–2011. National Inpatient Sample (NIS) of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). http://hcupnet.ahrq.gov/. Accessed June 26, 2013. Even when normalized for the total number of hospital discharges, the use of PN has more than doubled in that time (0.4% vs 0.94% of total discharges) according to HCUPnet NIS database. In mid-2010 widespread PN component shortages began and continue today with multiple macro- and micronutrient additives being unavailable for months to years. The A.S.P.E.N. Clinical Practice Committee, its PN Drug Shortage Subcommittee, and the Public Policy Committee were interested in determining whether the growth in use of PN for hospitalized patients had continued despite these component shortages. Just recently, the HCUP NIS 2011 data became available and upon review it is clear that PN use has decreased. This becomes particularly striking when the 2011 PN use data are normalized for total discharges (see Figure 2). Parenteral nutrition utilization trends (%) when normalized for total discharges. Derived from HCUP data for PN use (2011). Percent of total number of discharges calculated as Perhaps this decrease in PN use can be attributed to other factors such as stricter compliance with A.S.P.E.N. PN indications guidelines, provider perceptions of lack of benefit or increased harm related to PN, or as a cost-cutting measure. Clearly, this decrease in PN use is based only on a single year limiting any definitive conclusions and, while this decrease in use cannot yet be causally linked to PN component shortages, it is a concerning temporal association. As the 2012 and 2013 data become available, A.S.P.E.N. will be watching these trends carefully. A.S.P.E.N will also continue to assist in the resolution of PN component shortages. Only when the shortages of all PN components are resolved will we begin to understand the full impact of the shortages on patient outcomes, including the possibility that shortages could contribute to or predispose to hospital-acquired malnutrition—another issue we are monitoring.
Superconformal Electrodeposition of Copper in 500–90 nm Features (2000)

Superconformal electrodeposition of copper in 500 nm deep trenches ranging from 500 to 90 nm in width has been demonstrated using an acid cupric sulfate electrolyte containing chloride (Cl), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and 3‐mercapto‐l‐propanesulfonate (MPSA). In contrast, similar experiments using either an additive‐free electrolyte, or an electrolyte containing the binary combinations Cl‐PEG, Cl‐MPSA, or simply benzotriazole (BTAH), resulted in the formation of a continuous void within the center of the trench. Void formation in the latter electrolytes is shown to be reduced through the geometrical leveling effect associated with conformal deposition in trenches or vias with sloping sidewalls. The slanted sidewalls also counterbalance the influence of the differential cupric ion concentration that develops within the trenches. Examination of the i-E deposition characteristics of the electrolytes reveals a hysteretic response associated with the Cl‐PEG‐MPSA electrolyte that can be usefully employed to monitor and explore additive efficacy and consumption. Likewise, resistivity measurements performed on corresponding blanket films can be used to quantify the extent of additive incorporation and its influence on microstructural evolution. The films deposited from the Cl‐PEG‐MPSA electrolyte exhibit spontaneous recrystallization at room temperature that results in a 23% drop in resistivity within a few hours of deposition. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Gauge field induced by ripples in graphene (2008)

We study the effects of quenched height fluctuations (ripples) in graphene on the density of states (DOS). We show that at strong ripple disorder, a divergence in the DOS can lead to an ordered ground state. We also discuss the formation of dislocations in corrugated systems, buckling effects in suspended samples, and the changes in the Landau levels due to the interplay between a real magnetic field and the gauge potential induced by ripples.
Focal Adhesion Kinase Targeting UsingIn vivoShort Interfering RNA Delivery in Neutral Liposomes for Ovarian Carcinoma Therapy (2006)

Taken together, these findings suggest that FAK siRNA-DOPC plus docetaxel or platinum might be a novel therapeutic approach against ovarian cancer.
Evaluation of pyrazole and ethanol induced S9 fraction in bacterial mutagenicity testing (1994)

A major constitutive enzyme in the liver of the uninduced rat is cytochrome P450-2E1. This isozyme has been shown to metabolize a number of carcinogens, including low molecular weight nitrosamines and a number of compounds normally regarded as non-mutagenic in the Ames test, e.g. aniline, urethane and benzene. Using the standard induction procedures [Aroclor 1254 or a combination of phenobarbitone (PB) and beta-naphthoflavone (beta-NF)] the level of CYP2E1 in rat liver is actually suppressed and it has been suggested that this may account for the negative findings with these compounds in the Ames test. S9 fractions were prepared from rats pre-treated with pyrazole or ethanol (inducers of CYP2E1) and then used in the Ames test (or pre-incubation modification) with urethane, acetaminophen, aniline, benzene, procarbazine and N-nitrosopyrrolidine. Both pyrazole and ethanol induced S9 were superior to PB/beta-NF-S9 and uninduced-S9 for the activation of N-nitrosopyrrolidine, a known CYP2E1 substrate. However, there was no evidence of mutagenic activity with urethane, aniline, benzene, procarbazine or acetaminophen. As these compounds have demonstrated genotoxicity in vivo, additional important metabolic pathways must be required which are not present in rat liver S9 fraction.
The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities (1973)

If options are correctly priced in the market, it should not be possible to make sure profits by creating portfolios of long and short positions in options and their underlying stocks. Using this principle, a theoretical valuation formula for options is derived. Since almost all corporate liabilities can be viewed as combinations of options, the formula and the analysis that led to it are also applicable to corporate liabilities such as common stock, corporate bonds, and warrants. In particular, the formula can be used to derive the discount that should be applied to a corporate bond because of the possibility of default.
High performance optical absorber based on a plasmonic metamaterial (2010)

High absorption efficiency is particularly desirable at present for various microtechnological applications including microbolometers, photodectors, coherent thermal emitters, and solar cells. Here we report the design, characterization, and experimental demonstration of an ultrathin, wide-angle, subwavelength high performance metamaterial absorber for optical frequencies. Experimental results show that an absorption peak of 88% is achieved at the wavelength of ∼1.58 μm, though theoretical results give near perfect absorption.
In vitro screening stem rot resistant (tolerant) materials in Brassica napus L (2003)

The experiment attempt to create stem rot-resistant rape materials through the way of inducing mutation and in vitro screening with the oxalic acid toxin. Dry seeds of B.napuscultivar Huashuang No.3 were exposed to gamma rays at doses of 40～480Krad. The irradiated seeds were cultured on B 5 medium added the selection agent oxalic acid of 1.0～ 5.0mmol/L to conduct the first cycle screening. Survived plantlets (2 leaves stage) were transplanted into the B 5 medium with 1.0～4.0mmol/L oxalic acid to treat for 4 days. The resistance (tolerance) of plantlets to stem rot were identified by inoculating the mycelia of S.sclerotiorumon leaves of plantlets screened. The results indicated that the doses of 40～120 Krad γ-rays can be used to irradiate rape seeds for resisting oxalic acid. The oxalic acid is a suitable selective agent for resistance screening in vitro; stem rot resistant or tolerant 9 plants were selected from 49 tube seedlings with resistance to oxalic acid.