gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Is inflammaging an auto[innate]immunity subclinical syndrome? (2006)

The low-grade, chronic, systemic inflammatory state that characterizes the aging process (inflammaging) results from late evolutive-based expression of the innate immune system. Inflammaging is characterized by the complex set of five conditions which can be described as 1. low-grade, 2. controlled, 3. asymptomatic, 4. chronic, 5. systemic, inflammatory state, and fits with the antagonistic pleiotropy theory on the evolution of aging postulating that senescence is the late deleterious effect of genes (pro-inflammatory versus anti-inflammatory) that are beneficial in early life. Evolutionary programming of the innate immune system may act via selection on these genetic traits. Here I propose that the already acquired knowledge in this field may pave the way to a new chapter in the pathophysiology of autoimmunity: the auto-innate-immunity syndromes. Indeed, differently from the well known chapter of conventional autoimmune diseases and syndromes where the main actor is the adaptive immunity, inflammaging may constitute the subclinical paradigm of a new chapter of autoimmunity, namely that arising from an autoimmune inflammatory response of the innate-immune-system, an old actor of immunity and yet a new actor of autoimmunity, also acting as a major determinant of elderly frailty and age-associated diseases.
Study Concerning the Effects of Chelation on the Structure and Catalytic Activity of Ruthenium Carbene Complexes (2001)

The ruthenium chelate complexes 4 and 5 were prepared by reaction of the Grubbs catalyst 1 and its second-generation analogue 2 with the 2-vinylbenzoic acid isopropyl ester 3 in the presence of CuCl. The fact that the chelating carbonyl group in these complexes attenuates their catalytic activity sets an experimental basis for the interpretation of reactivity data previously described in the literature.
The liposome‐incorporating cell wall skeleton of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette‐Guéin can directly enhance the susceptibility of cancer cells to lymphokine‐activated killer cells through up‐regulation of natural‐killer group 2, member D ligands (2011)

• In the present study, the induction of surface NKG2D ligands by R8-liposome-BCG-CWS rendered cancer cells more susceptible to cytolysis by LAK cells. • T24 cells and RT-112 cells, even when cultured singly in the absence of immune cells, can directly respond to R8-liposome-BCG-CWS. • The results obtained in the present study may therefore indicate a novel adoptive immunotherapy against bladder cancers.
Enhancement of terminal B lymphocyte differentiationin vitro by fibroblast-like stromal cells from human spleen (1998)

Stromal elements are major components of lymphoid tissues contributing to both tissue architecture and function. In this study we report on the phenotype and function of fibroblast-like stromal cells obtained from human spleen. These cells express high levels of CD44 and ICAM-1 and moderate levels of VLA-4, VCAM, CD40 and CD21. They fail to express endothelial, epithelial, lymphocyte and monocyte/macrophage markers. We show that these cells interact with B cell blasts induced in vitro by anti-CD40 and anti-mu stimulation. As a result of these interactions both IL-6 and IgG secretion into culture medium is increased. The enhanced secretion of IgG is partly inhibited by abolishing B cell blaststromal cell contact or by anti-IL-6, anti-VCAM or anti-CD49d antibodies. Our studies also suggest that the ability of stromal cells to promote B cell survival is most likely the underlying mechanism of the enhanced immunoglobulin secretion. Comparison of stromal cells from different lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs revealed that bone marrow- and spleen-derived stromal cells are the most effective in promoting B cell blast differentiation.
Approximation of the sphere by polytopes having few vertices (1988)

How well can a polytope with <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="n"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> vertices approximate the unit ball <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper B Superscript d"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>B</mml:mi> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{B^d}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> of the <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="d"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">d</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>-dimensional Euclidean space? The answer is quite well known when <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="d"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">d</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is fixed and <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="n"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> tends to infinity. In this paper the same question is answered when <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="n"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">n</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is a function of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="d"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">d</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> (a polynomial in <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="d"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">d</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>, say) and <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="d"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">d</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> tends to infinity. Some applications of the results are also indicated.
A New Concurrency Control Algorithm for Distributed Database Systems. (1979)

In patients with HCC with PVTT, medical evidence suggests that TARE is a good choice of treatment.
Abstract 1957: Targeted polymer-based nanoparticles containing camptothecin: Development and function (2012)

Abstract Camptothecin (CPT) is a naturally occurring broad range anti-cancer alkaloid that acts by inhibiting DNA enzyme topoisomerase I and HIF-1α activities. However, its systemic delivery has been problematic due to its low solubility and toxicity. To this end, we have designed a CPT delivery system that increases the solubility of CPT by more than three orders of magnitude and is capable of directing CPT specifically to cancerous cells. This delivery system is composed of CPT conjugated to a copolymer of mucic acid and poly(ethylene glycol) (MAP). When this conjugate is placed in water it self-assembles into MAP-CPT nanoparticles. The polyol containing backbone of MAP is able to form reversible covalent bonds with boronic acids (BA). Targeting can therefore be achieved through using BA as the linker between the targeting agent and MAP-CPT nanoparticles. MAP-CPT nanoparticles with varying MAP lengths of 20kDa, 65kDa and 100kDa and BA linkers with different binding constants to MAP-CPT nanoparticles are synthesized and characterized. Particle sizes of 40nm in diameter are observed by dynamic light scattering and visualized by particle tracking methods (Nanosight) and cryo-transmission electron microscopy. This particle size takes advantage of the accumulation of nanoscaled entities in tumor tissue via enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. In addition, the slightly negative particle surface charge of −1mV reduces clearance by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and minimizes undesirable interaction with blood components. A prolonged pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of MAP-CPT system is observed in Balb/C mice with greater than 10% of injected dose remaining in circulation 24 hours post injection for MAP-CPT nanoparticles containing 65kDa or 100kDa MAP. Maximum tolerable dose (MTD) for MAP-CPT nanoparticles containing MAP at 20kDa, 65kDa and 100kDa are found to be 20, 10 and 8mg of CPT/kg respectively in nude mice. Initial anti-tumor data using MAP-CPT nanoparticles in A/J mice bearing Neuro2A (mice neuroblastoma) tumors show tumor regression after two weekly doses of MAP-CPT nanoparticles. We are currently investigating a targeted version of the MAP-CPT nanoparticles through anti-tumor studies comparing targeted (using Herceptin antibodies) versus non-targeted efficacy in nude mice bearing BT-474 (HER2 over-expressing human breast carcinoma) tumors. MAP-CPT, a delivery system for the small hydrophobic drug CPT, is developed and has favorable particle size and surface charge properties, prolonged PK profile and targeting potential. Efforts to define the relationships between targeted and non-targeted versions of the MAP-CPT nanoparticles are in progress. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1957. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1957
A Glycopolymer Chaperone for Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (2004)

Mono- and disaccharide-containing glycopolymers were synthesized by cyanoxyl-mediated polymerization of acrylamide with acrylate-derivatized mono- and disaccharides. We demonstrate that a glycopolymer bearing pendant, fully sulfated lactose units effectively replaces heparin and heparan sulfate as a molecular chaperone for fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). Specifically, a compound was identified that protects FGF-2 from proteolytic, acid, and heat-induced degradation, while selectively promoting growth factor and receptor dimerization. Significantly, the capacity of this heparin-mimic to promote an FGF-2 specific proliferative cell response was confirmed and suggests potential applications for this compound and related derivatives in areas related to therapeutic angiogenesis.
A Single siRNA Suppresses Fatal Encephalitis Induced by Two Different Flaviviruses (2006)

RNAi-based intervention affords near complete protection from both JEV- and WNV- induced encephalitis in mice. Our results show, to our knowledge for the first time, that siRNA can be used as a broad-spectrum antiviral agent for treating encephalitis caused by multiple related viruses.
Uteroplacental insufficiency increases apoptosis and alters p53 gene methylation in the full-term IUGR rat kidney (2003)

Uteroplacental insufficiency causes intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), which is associated with adult onset diseases such as hypertension. Previous studies demonstrate that growth retardation in humans and rats decreases glomeruli number; however, the molecular mechanisms responsible for this reduction are unknown. Apoptosis plays a key role in renal organogenesis. We therefore hypothesized that the in utero deprivation associated with uteroplacental insufficiency decreases glomeruli, increases apoptosis, and alters the mRNA levels of key apoptosis-related proteins in full-term IUGR kidneys. To prove this hypothesis, we induced asymmetric IUGR through bilateral uterine artery ligation of the pregnant rat. We found that uteroplacental insufficiency significantly reduced glomeruli number while increasing TUNEL staining and caspase-3 activity in the IUGR kidney. A significant decrease in Bcl-2 mRNA and a significant increase in Bax and p53 mRNA further characterized the IUGR kidney. Because altered p53 CpG methylation affects p53 expression, we analyzed p53 promoter CpG methylation using methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes and real-time PCR. Uteroplacental insufficiency specifically decreased CpG methylation of the renal p53 BstU I site promoter without affecting the Hha I or the Aci I sites. Uteroplacental insufficiency also induced a relative hypomethylation from exon 5 to exon 8, which was associated with deceased mRNA levels of DNMT1. We conclude that uteroplacental insufficiency alters p53 DNA CpG methylation, affects mRNA levels of key apoptosis-related proteins, increases renal apoptosis, and reduces glomeruli number in the IUGR kidney. We speculate that these changes represent mechanisms that contribute to the fetal origins of adult disease.
Investigations of the 9,10-Diphenylacridyl Radical as an Isostructural Dopant for the Molecular Semiconductor 9,10-Diphenylanthracene (2003)

The synthesis and characterization of the 9,10-diphenylacridyl radical (2), the isostructural n-dopant for 9,10-diphenylantracene (1), are described. Crystals of 1 doped with up to 10% 2 are grown from tetrahydrofuran−heptane solutions and are single phase and isomorphous with crystals of pure 1 grown from the same solvent system. The doped crystals do not have significant room-temperature electrical conductivity, and solution-phase electrochemical measurements demonstrate why this is so. Investigations of 2 reveal that it is monomeric with one unpaired electron in solution, displays unusual magnetic behavior in the solid state, and is a modest electrical conductor as a pressed pellet. The solution-phase ESR and NMR spectra of 2 are presented and interpreted.
Cerebral blood flow and the injured brain: how should we monitor and manipulate it? (2011)

Purpose of review Cerebral ischemia plays a major role in the pathophysiology of the injured brain, including traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage, thus improvement in outcome may necessitate monitoring and optimization of cerebral blood flow (CBF). To interpret CBF results in a meaningful way, it may be necessary to quantify cerebral autoregulation as well as cerebral metabolism. This review addresses the recent evidence related to the changes in CBF and its monitoring/management in traumatic brain injury. Recent findings Recent evidence on the management of patients with traumatic brain injury have focused on the importance of cerebral autoregulation in maintaining perfusion, which necessitates the measurement of CBF. However, adequate CBF measurements alone would not indicate the amount of oxygen delivered to neuronal tissues. Technologic advancements in measurement devices have enabled the assessment of the metabolic state of the cerebral tissue for the purpose of guiding therapy, progress as well as prognostification. Summary Current neurocritical care management strategies are focused on the prevention and limitation of secondary brain injury where neuronal insult continues to evolve during the hours and days after the primary injury. Appropriately chosen multimodal monitoring including CBF and management measures can result in reduction in mortality and morbidity.
Complete fractures of the third metacarpal or metatarsal bone in horses: 25 cases (1980-1996) (1998)

Fractures of the MC or MT bone are not always associated with a poor prognosis in horses. Proper case selection, rigid fracture stabilization, and efforts to prevent or treat infection will improve success rate.
Enalapril Does Not Prevent Renal Arterial Hypertrophy in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (1995)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors prevent the development of vessel wall hypertrophy in some vascular beds in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), but their effects on hypertrophy of renal arterial vessels have not been studied. We therefore used stereological techniques to study wall and lumen dimensions of the interlobular (cortical radial) and arcuate arteries in the kidneys of SHR (n = 7), SHR treated from 4 to 10 weeks of age with enalapril (25 to 30 mg/kg per day; SHR-E, n = 7), and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY, n = 7). All kidneys were perfusion-fixed at 10 weeks. Systolic blood pressure was 199 +/- 9, 139 +/- 11, and 156 +/- 8 mm Hg in the SHR, SHR-E, and WKY groups, respectively. For the interlobular arteries, the volume density of artery wall, wall-to-lumen ratio, and wall thickness in the untreated SHR were significantly greater than in the WKY (0.84 +/- 0.09 versus 0.69 +/- 0.07 x 10(-3), 0.75 +/- 0.20 versus 0.53 +/- 0.08, and 13.6 +/- 3.3 versus 10.6 +/- 0.8 microns, respectively), but values in the SHR-E were similar to those in the untreated SHR (1.10 +/- 0.20 x 10(-3), 0.88 +/- 0.22, and 14.0 +/- 2.6 microns, respectively). For the arcuate arteries, wall thickness and volume density were significantly greater in SHR than WKY (17.3 +/- 3.0 versus 13.9 +/- 1.7 microns and 1.63 +/- 0.51 versus 1.14 +/- 0.27 x 10(-3), respectively), and values in the SHR-E (15.7 +/- 1.7 microns and 1.69 +/- 0.50 x 10(-3), respectively) were not significantly different from those in SHR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
C75 increases peripheral energy utilization and fatty acid oxidation in diet-induced obesity (2002)

C75, a known inhibitor of fatty acid synthase is postulated to cause significant weight loss through decreased hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) production. Peripherally, C75, an alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone, reduces adipose tissue and fatty liver, despite high levels of malonyl-CoA. To investigate this paradox, we studied the effect of C75 on fatty acid oxidation and energy production in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice and cellular models. Whole-animal calorimetry showed that C75-treated DIO mice had a 50% greater weight loss, and a 32.9% increased production of energy because of fatty acid oxidation, compared with paired-fed controls. Etomoxir, an inhibitor of carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1), reversed the increased energy expenditure in DIO mice by inhibiting fatty acid oxidation. C75 treatment of rodent adipocytes and hepatocytes and human breast cancer cells increased fatty acid oxidation and ATP levels by increasing CPT-1 activity, even in the presence of elevated concentrations of malonyl-CoA. Studies in human cancer cells showed that C75 competed with malonyl-CoA, as measured by CPT-1 activity assays. Thus, C75 acts both centrally to reduce food intake and peripherally to increase fatty acid oxidation, leading to rapid and profound weight loss, loss of adipose mass, and resolution of fatty liver. The pharmacological stimulation of CPT-1 activity is a novel finding. The dual action of the C75 class of compounds as fatty acid synthase inhibitors and CPT-1 agonists has therapeutic implications in the treatment of obesity and type II diabetes.
Nonlinear interaction of intense laser pulses in plasmas (1990)

A nonlinear one-dimensional theory is developed that describes some important aspects of intense laser-plasma interactions. The self-consistent laser-plasma analysis includes nonlinear plasma wake-field generation, relativistic optical guiding, coherent harmonic radiation production, as well as other related phenomena. Relativistic optical guiding is found to be most effective for long laser pulses having slow rise times. Short laser pulses are shown to be weakly guided. Coherent harmonic generation using a linearly polarized laser is found to be most efficient for short laser pulses and can be enhanced by the presence of large amplitude plasma wake fields. Aspects of particle acceleration by laser pulses as well as possible methods for upshifting the frequency of laser pulses are also discussed.
Low-complexity MAP decoding for turbo codes (2002)

Two simplified MAP algorithms for iterative decoding of turbo codes are presented. By using a parameter "decoding depth", our algorithms do not require computation of the a posteriori probability of each decoded information bit throughout the entire trellis, thus reducing the computational complexity and decoding delay considerably. One of the algorithms can achieve performance very close to the conventional MAP algorithm; the other performs better than SOVA, while retaining a comparable process cost. Their advantages over the MAP and SOVA algorithms are demonstrated in both theoretical analyses and computer simulation assuming a Rayleigh fading channel.
segmented: An R package to Fit Regression Models with Broken-Line Relationships (2008)

Segmented or broken-line models are regression models where the relationships between the response and one or more explanatory variables are piecewise linear, namely represented by two or more straight lines connected at unknown values: these&#13;\nvalues are usually referred as breakpoints, changepoints or even joinpoints.
A MicroRNA as a Translational Repressor of APETALA2 in Arabidopsis Flower Development (2003)

Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) show a high degree of sequence complementarity to, and are believed to guide the cleavage of, their target messenger RNAs. Here, I show that miRNA172, which can base-pair with the messenger RNA of a floral homeotic gene, APETALA2, regulates APETALA2 expression primarily through translational inhibition. Elevated miRNA172 accumulation results in floral organ identity defects similar to those in loss-of-function apetala2 mutants. Elevated levels of mutant APETALA2 RNA with disrupted miRNA172 base pairing, but not wild-type APETALA2 RNA, result in elevated levels of APETALA2 protein and severe floral patterning defects. Therefore, miRNA172 likely acts in cell-fate specification as a translational repressor of APETALA2 in Arabidopsis flower development.
Case series: Odontohypophosphatasia or missed diagnosis of childhood/adult-onset hypophosphatasia? – Call for a long-term follow-up of premature loss of primary teeth (2016)

Patients with primary tooth loss in childhood were often diagnosed with hypophosphatasia later in life. Pediatric patients classified as having odontoHPP under present practice can manifest significant disease burden later in life.
The regulation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) internal ribosome-entry site-mediated translation by HCV replicons and nonstructural proteins (2003)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV), the global leading cause of chronic liver disease, has a positive-sense, ssRNA genome that encodes a large polyprotein. HCV polyprotein translation is initiated by an internal ribosome-entry site (IRES) located at the 5' end of the viral genome, in a cap-independent manner, but the regulatory mechanism of this process remains poorly understood. In this study, we characterized the effect of HCV nonstructural proteins on HCV IRES-directed translation in both HCV replicon cells and transiently transfected human liver cells expressing HCV nonstructural proteins. Using bicistronic reporter gene constructs carrying either HCV or other viral IRES sequences, we found that the HCV IRES-mediated translation was specifically upregulated in HCV replicon cells. This enhancement of HCV IRES-mediated translation by the replicon cells was inhibited by treatment with either type I interferon or ribavirin, drugs that perturb HCV genome replication, suggesting that the enhancement is probably due to HCV-encoded protein function(s). Reduced phosphorylation levels of both eIF2alpha and eIF4E were observed in the replicon cells, which is consistent with our previous findings and indicates that the NS5A nonstructural protein may be involved in the regulatory mechanism(s). Indeed, transient expression of NS5A or NS4B in human liver cells stimulated HCV IRES activity. Interestingly, mutation in the ISDR of NS5A perturbed this stimulation of HCV IRES activity. All these results suggest, for the first time, that HCV nonstructural proteins preferentially stimulate the viral cap-independent, IRES-mediated translation.