gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy with Flutamide (SCH 13521): A Placebo-Controlled Study (1975)

A double-blind, placebo-controlled study using the antiandrogen compound flutamide in 30 patients with benign enlargement of the prostate is reported. The potency of the compound was indicated by the large percentage of patients suffering from gynecomastia or nipple pain. Flow rate recordings are probably the most reliable and useful examination in this type of investigation, and statistical analysis of the results showed evidence of significant improvement in patients receiving flutamide. No evidence of an effect as compared to the placebo was found when the residual urine, prostate size or histological changes in prostatic biopsies were examined. Subjective effects, when carefully analyzed, provided some evidence of a preference for the flutamide group, especially in the early weeks of treatment, but the fallaciousness of subjective observations is stressed. The various problems associated with the choice and measurement of parameters to be used in this type of investigation are discussed, and the absolute necessity of proper controls and statistical analysis in such a clinical study is illustrated.
Tumor cells share oncogenic receptors (2008)

![Graphic][1] 

Microvesicles (bright dots) containing mutant receptor are shed by glioma cells.

RAK/MACMILLAN Mutant receptors made in one tumor cell can be passed to tumor cells lacking them, say Khalid Al-Nedawi, Janusz Rak (McGill University, Montreal), and colleagues, increasing
Factor VIII-related protein circulates in normal human plasma as high molecular weight multimers (1980)

The size of human factor VIII-related protein in plasma has been determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) glyoxyl agarose electrophoresis. The protein was immobilized after the electrophoresis by coupling it to the modified agarose, and it was identified by autoradiography using purified rabbit anti-factor VIII-related antigen (VIIR:Ag). A series of multimeric forms was identified with Mr of 0.85-12 x 10(6). The distribution of VIIR:Ag multimers was the same in heparin and citrate anticoagulated plasmas and in serum, and the pattern was the same after freezing as in plasma kept at 37 degrees C from the time of venipuncture until the electrophoresis was complete. These observations indicate that VIIR:Ag circulates in normal plasma as a population of very large multimers and that the size distribution is not an artifact induced by purification methods, freezing, or calcium chelation.
Near-regular texture analysis and manipulation (2004)

A near-regular texture deviates geometrically and photometrically from a regular congruent tiling. Although near-regular textures are ubiquitous in the man-made and natural world, they present computational challenges for state of the art texture analysis and synthesis algorithms. Using regular tiling as our anchor point, and with user-assisted lattice extraction, we can explicitly model the deformation of a near-regular texture with respect to geometry, lighting and color. We treat a deformation field both as a function that acts on a texture and as a texture that is acted upon, and develop a multi-modal framework where each deformation field is subject to analysis, synthesis and manipulation. Using this formalization, we are able to construct simple parametric models to faithfully synthesize the appearance of a near-regular texture and purposefully control its regularity.
Recognition of Lyso-Phospholipids by Human Natural Killer T Lymphocytes (2009)

Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a subset of T lymphocytes with potent immunoregulatory properties. Recognition of self-antigens presented by CD1d molecules is an important route of NKT cell activation; however, the molecular identity of specific autoantigens that stimulate human NKT cells remains unclear. Here, we have analyzed human NKT cell recognition of CD1d cellular ligands. The most clearly antigenic species was lyso-phosphatidylcholine (LPC). Diacylated phosphatidylcholine and lyso-phosphoglycerols differing in the chemistry of the head group stimulated only weak responses from human NKT cells. However, lyso-sphingomyelin, which shares the phosphocholine head group of LPC, also activated NKT cells. Antigen-presenting cells pulsed with LPC were capable of stimulating increased cytokine responses by NKT cell clones and by freshly isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes. These results demonstrate that human NKT cells recognize cholinated lyso-phospholipids as antigens presented by CD1d. Since these lyso-phospholipids serve as lipid messengers in normal physiological processes and are present at elevated levels during inflammatory responses, these findings point to a novel link between NKT cells and cellular signaling pathways that are associated with human disease pathophysiology.
Predicting length of stay at WiFi hotspots (2013)

Today's smartphones provide a variety of sensors, enabling high-resolution measurements of user behavior. We envision that many services can benefit from short-term predictions of complex human behavioral patterns. While enablement of behavior awareness through sensing is a broad research theme, one possibility is in predicting how quickly a person will move through a space. Such a prediction service could have numerous applications. For one example, we imagine shop owners predicting how long a particular customer is likely to browse merchandise, and issue targeted mobile coupons accordingly - customers in a hurry can be encouraged to stay and consider discounts. Within a space of moderate size, WiFi access points are uniquely positioned to track a statistical framework for user length of stay, passively recording metrics such as WiFI signal strength (RSSI) and potentially receiving client-uploaded sensor data. In this work, we attempt to quantity this opportunity, and show that human dwell time can be predicted with reasonable accuracy, even when restricted to passively observed WiFi RSSI.
X-filter: filtering unknowns from compacted test responses (2006)

Using off-the-shelf error correcting codes for compacting test response (Patel, 2003) is attractive because it provides multiple error detection and diagnosis support in the presence of multiple unknowns. However, this technique is not easily incorporated in a conventional scan testing environment because handling unknowns requires special ATE support or test response postprocessing to determine if the test passed. In this paper we solve this problem using a novel technique, X-filter, which removes the effect of unknowns on compacted test response. X-filter achieves this by using only O(mx) additional hardware with mx inputs. (x=maximum number of unknowns that can be tolerated, m=number of bits in the compacted response). Unlike compaction methods that require creation of special codes (Mitra, 2004), (Wohl, 2003), X-filter is more flexible in terms of number of errors and unknowns handled, and it does not increase the number of output pins over those used by the error correcting code itself.
Capacity and service extension for future wireless networks using adaptive antennas (1995)

The spatial filtering properties of adaptive antenna arrays in wireless networks make it possible to confine the radio energy associated with a given user to a small addressed volume. This reduces the overall level of co-channel interference within the service area and ultimately leads to an increase in capacity for interference limited systems. In addition, by using the antenna array to spatially separate and reject multipath energy, the resulting delay spread can be significantly reduced offering the possibility of service in areas which would otherwise be restricted by time dispersion. The article show that adaptive antenna arrays, when applied to a DECT system, can increase service provision to areas which would otherwise be limited by multipath propagation. Furthermore, the use of spatial filtering allows the possibility of multiple users on the same frequency and time slot by minimising co-channel interference from other users. The capacity increase achievable can be as much as seven times
Dynamics of proteins, nucleic acids, and their solvent surroundings (1987)

In this chapter, we provide an overview of the dynamics of water, aqueous solutions, proteins and nucleic acids. Our intent is to provide some sense of the relationships among the different types of motion that will be separately examined in later chapters. We also review a number of basic concepts that will be used extensively in what follows. As with the preceding chapter, this general discussion is not complete. Additional details will be introduced where appropriate in other chapters.
Tyrosine Sulfation of P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1 Is Required for High Affinity Binding to P-selectin (1995)

P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) is a mucin-like glycoprotein on leukocytes that is a high affinity ligand for P-selectin. Previous studies have shown that sialylation and fucosylation of PSGL-1 are required for its binding to P-selectin, but other post-translational modifications of PSGL-1 may also be important. We demonstrate that PSGL-1 synthesized in human HL-60 cells can be metabolically labeled with [35S]sulfate that is incorporated primarily into tyrosine sulfate. Treatment of PSGL-1 with a bacterial arylsulfatase releases sulfate from tyrosine, resulting in a concordant decrease in binding to P-selectin. These studies demonstrate that tyrosine sulfate on PSGL-1 functions in conjunction with sialylated and fucosylated glycans to mediate high affinity binding to P-selectin.
Coagulation factors X, Xa, and protein S as potent mitogens of cultured aortic smooth muscle cells. (1992)

Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in the rat carotid artery leave the quiescent state and proliferate after balloon catheter injury. The precise signals responsible for this SMC mitogenesis need to be elucidated. Although platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), a potent SMC mitogen, is released from activated platelets, damaged endothelium, and macrophages, it cannot be solely responsible for this proliferation. In search of other SMC growth factors, we have examined several proteins of the coagulation cascade. At nanomolar concentrations, factors X, Xa, and protein S promote cultured rat aortic SMC mitosis. In contrast, factor IX is only weakly mitogenic, whereas factor VII and protein C fail to stimulate SMC division. Protein S, the most mitogenic of these coagulation cascade factors, stimulates DNA synthesis in cultured SMCs with a time course similar to that of PDGF-AA and without the delay observed for transforming growth factor beta. Antistasin and tick anticoagulant peptide, two specific factor Xa inhibitors, inhibit SMC mitogenesis due to Xa and protein S. Coagulation factors that possess mitogenic activity may contribute to intimal SMC proliferation after vascular injury as a result of angioplasty or vascular compromise during atherogenesis.
Metastatic Melanoma (2005)

*University of Utah, Health Sciences Center, Division of Otolaryngology, Salt Lake City Utah, U.S.A., and †House Ear Institute, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Fred H. Linthicum, Jr., M.D., House Ear Institute, 2100 West 3rd Street, Los Angeles, CA 90057, U.S.A.; E-mail: [email protected]
The secreted effector protein of Salmonella dublin, SopA, is translocated into eukaryotic cells and influences the induction of enteritis (2000)

Salmonella-induced enteritis is associated with the induction of an acute intestinal inflammatory response and net fluid secretion into the lumen of infected mucosa. Proteins secreted by the Inv/Spa type III secretion system of Salmonella play a key role in the induction of these responses. We have demonstrated recently that the Inv/Spa-secreted SopB and SopD effector proteins are translocated into eukaryotic cells via a Sip-dependent pathway and act in concert to mediate inflammation and fluid secretion in infected ileal mucosa. Mutations of both sopB and sopD significantly reduced, but did not abrogate, the enteropathogenic phenotype. This indicated that other virulence factors are involved in the induction of enteritis. In this work, we characterize SopA, a secreted protein belonging to the family of Sop effectors of Salmonella dublin. We demonstrate that SopA is translocated into eukaryotic cells and provide evidence suggesting that SopA has a role in the induction of enteritis.
Hierarchical Micro‐ and Mesoporous Carbide‐Derived Carbon as a High‐Performance Electrode Material in Supercapacitors (2011)

Ordered mesoporous carbide-derived carbon (OM-CDC) materials produced by nanocasting of ordered mesoporous silica templates are characterized by a bimodal pore size distribution with a high ratio of micropores. The micropores result in outstanding adsorption capacities and the well-defined mesopores facilitate enhanced kinetics in adsorption processes. Here, for the first time, a systematic study is presented, in which the effects of synthesis temperature on the electrochemical performance of these materials in supercapacitors based on a 1 M aqueous solution of sulfuric acid and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid are reported. Cyclic voltammetry shows the specific capacitance of the OM-CDC materials exceeds 200 F g(-1) in the aqueous electrolyte and 185 F g(-1) in the ionic liquid, when measured in a symmetric configuration in voltage ranges of up to 0.6 and 2 V, respectively. The ordered mesoporous channels in the produced OM-CDC materials serve as ion-highways and allow for very fast ionic transport into the bulk of the OM-CDC particles. At room temperature the enhanced ion transport leads to 75% and 90% of the capacitance retention at current densities in excess of ∼10 A g(-1) in ionic liquid and aqueous electrolytes, respectively. The supercapacitors based on 250-300 μm OM-CDC electrodes demonstrate an operating frequency of up to 7 Hz in aqueous electrolyte. The combination of high specific capacitance and outstanding rate capabilities of the OM-CDC materials is unmatched by state-of-the art activated carbons and strictly microporous CDC materials.
Subsets of human CD4+ regulatory T cells express the peripheral homing receptor CXCR3 (2011)

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) migrate into peripheral sites of inflammation such as allografts undergoing rejection, where they serve to suppress the immune response. In this study, we find that ∼30-40% of human CD25(hi) FOXP3(+) CD4(+) Tregs express the peripheral CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) and that this subset has potent immunoregulatory properties. Consistently, we observed that proliferative responses as well as IFN-γ production were significantly higher using CXCR3-depleted versus undepleted responders in the mixed lymphocyte reaction, as well as following mitogen-dependent activation of T cells. Using microfluidics, we also found that CXCR3 was functional on CXCR3(pos) Tregs, in as much as chemotaxis and directional persistence towards interferon-γ-inducible protein of 10 kDa (IP-10) was significantly greater for CXCR3(pos) than CXCR3(neg) Tregs. Following activation, CXCR3-expressing CD4(+) Tregs were maintained in vitro in cell culture in the presence of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor rapamycin, and we detected higher numbers of circulating CXCR3(+) FOXP3(+) T cells in adult and pediatric recipients of renal transplants who were treated with mTOR-inhibitor immunosuppressive therapy. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the peripheral homing receptor CXCR3 is expressed on subset(s) of circulating human Tregs and suggest a role for CXCR3 in their recruitment into peripheral sites of inflammation.
Reaktionen mit Diazocarbonyl‐Verbindungen, XXIX. Umsetzung von o‐Chinondiaziden mit Methylen‐aktiven Verbindungen (1968)

Abstract o ‐Chinondiazide reagieren mit Methylen‐aktiven Verbindungen des Typs R 1 ‐CH 2 ‐R 2 , bei denen die Reste genügend aktivierend sind, zu 2‐Hydroxy‐arylhydrazonen der entsprechenden Verbindungen R 1 ‐CO‐R 2 (Tab. 4). Es werden sowohl die o ‐Chinondiazide als auch die Reste R 1 und R 2 systematisch abgewandelt. o ‐Chinondiazide, die sich von den entsprechenden o ‐Aminophenolen ableiten, sind durch Diazotierung in wäßrig‐salzsaurem Medium darstellbar.
Concepciones del conflicto en la teoría y la práctica psicoanalíticas (2003)

Existen muchas visiones diferentes del conflicto en el psicoanálisis contemporáneo, cada una con sus implicaciones técnicas. Tras revisar los orígenes psicoanalíticos del concepto de conflicto, el autor discute las diversas posiciones de cuatro teóricos norteamericanos del conflicto, cada uno de los cuales ofrece una visión diferente de la localización del conflicto tanto en la mente del paciente como en el material de la sesión analítica. A continuación se examina el papel del conflicto en el trabajo de varios psicoanalistas relacionales. Se propone una tentativa de enfoque hacia la integración.
Effect of enteral feeding with eicosapentaenoic acid, gamma-linolenic acid, and antioxidants in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (1999)

The beneficial effects of the EPA+GLA diet on pulmonary neutrophil recruitment, gas exchange, requirement for mechanical ventilation, length of intensive care unit stay, and the reduction of new organ failures suggest that this enteral nutrition formula would be a useful adjuvant therapy in the clinical management of patients with or at risk of developing ARDS.
Quantum information with trapped ions at NIST (2003)

Abstract We report experiments on coherent quantum-state synthesis and control of trapped atomic ions. This work has the overall goal of performing large-scale quantum information processing; however, such techniques can also be applied to fundamental tests and demonstrations of quantum mechanical principles, as well as to the improvement of quantum-limited measurements.
Comparison of the malignant potential of 10T 1/2 cells and transformants with their survival responses to hyperthermia and to amphotericin B1. (1980)

Several responses of 10T 1/2 cells and of cells from strains transformed by X-irradiation or by methylcholanthrene exposure were examined. Malignant potential, as determined by the ability of the cells to initiate tumors in syngeneic hosts, either normal or rendered immunodeficient, varied by a factor of 10(6). The growth rate of tumors both in normal and in irradiated animals was closely correlated to malignant potential. The life spans of the animals were inversely correlated with malignant potential. Serum requirements were high for 10T 1/2 and for one of the X-ray transformants; neither of these cell strains gave rise to tumors when cells were injected into hosts. All malignant strains had uniformly lower serum requirements. While 10T 1/2 cells tended to be somewhat more heat resistant than were any of their transformed counterparts, this depended upon cell density (or state of growth) during heating. There was no correlation between malignant potential and heat sensitivity among the transformed strains. In fact, the most resistant transformant was also the most malignant; furthermore, its heat sensitivity was not modified by growth in vivo. No relationship between malignant potential and response to the polyene antibiotic amphotericin B could be observed.
The synthesis of some alkylbenzocarbazoles (1988)

Abstract The preparation is described of five known and eight novel carbazole derivatives, the latter including compounds with alkyl side‐chains.
The 3′ non‐coding region of the Drosophila melanogaster HeT‐A telomeric retrotransposon contains sequences with propensity to form G‐quadruplex DNA (1999)

HeT-A elements are non-long terminal repeat retrotransposons added onto the Drosophila chromosome ends. We have investigated the formation in vitro of higher order structures by oligonucleotides derived from the 3' non-coding region of HeT-A elements and found that they are capable of forming G-quadruplex DNA. These results suggest that the 3' repeat region of HeT-A may structurally behave as the telomeric repeats common to a majority of eukaryotes. The presence of structural motifs shared by telomeres and centromeres and the implications of these findings for chromosome evolution are discussed.
Adsorption rate constants from chromatography (1968)

Abstract A new method for determining adsorption equilibrium constants, rate constants, and intraparticle diffusivities is described and applied for the adsorption of ethane, propane, and n ‐butane on silica gel. The method rests upon recently developed theory for relating the moments of the effluent concentration wave from a bed of adsorbent particles to the rate constants associated with the various steps in the overall adsorption process. It is necessary to operate at concentrations of adsorbable gas such that the adsorption isotherm is linear. However, it is possible to take into account effects of longitudinal dispersion and diffusion to the particle surface as well as the intraparticle processes of diffusion and adsorption on the pore surface. The method gave reasonable values for intraparticle diffusivities and adsorption rate constants. Intraparticle diffusion was a major resistance for all particle sizes studied and for the largest size (R = 0.50 mm.) this step controlled the overall rate. From the constants determined chromatographically it is possible to predict breakthrough curves for the adsorption of these hydrocarbons on silica gel. The predicted curves agree well with experimentally established breakthrough curves.
Activity and Phenotype of Natural Killer Cells in Peptide Transporter (TAP)-deficient Patients (Type I Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome) (1998)

In this paper we describe the function and phenotype of natural killer (NK) lymphocytes from HLA class I-deficient patients. These cells are, as has been previously reported, unable to lyse HLA class I- K562 cells, but are able to perform antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), although with lower efficiency as compared to NK cells from normal individuals. Transporter associated to antigen processing (TAP)- NK cells proliferate when cultured in the presence of lymphoblastoid B cells (B-LCs) and interleukin 2 and develop a spectrum of cytotoxicity similar to that of activated normal NK cells. Importantly, activation of the TAP- NK cells induces strong cytotoxicity to autologous B-LCs. Analysis of the phenotype of circulating TAP- NK lymphocytes showed them to display a normal diverse repertoire of HLA class I-specific NK receptors. These receptors were expressed at normal levels, apart from the CD94-NKG2A complex, which appeared to be overexpressed. This latter finding could reflect an adaptation to the low expression of HLA class I molecules. Finally, functional analyses indicated that the inhibitory receptors in TAP- individuals can transduce inhibitory signals. Our results suggest that in vivo, the NK cells of TAP- patients could participate in immune defense, at least through ADCC, but upon activation, may be involved in autoimmune processes.