gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serum plays a critical role in modulating [Ca2+]c of primary culture bone cells exposed to weak ion-resonance magnetic fields (1997)

Primary-culture bone cells were exposed to ion-resonance (IR) magnetic fields tuned to Ca2+. Cytosolic calcium concentration, [Ca2+]c, was measured by using fura-2 during field exposure. The fields investigated were 20 muT static + muT p-p at either 15.3 or 76.6 Hz, and 0.13 mT static + either 0.5 or 1.0 mT p-p at 100 Hz. Other parameters included field orientation, culture age (2 or 5 days after plating), and the presence of serum (0 or 2%) during exposure. Total experiment time was 29.5 min: The field was applied after 2 min, and bradykinin was added as an agonist control after 22 min. The data were quantified on a single-cell basis during the 2-22 min exposure period in terms of the magnitude of the largest occurring [Ca2+]c spike normalized to local baseline. Field-exposed and control groups were characterized in terms of the percent of cells exhibiting spike magnitudes above thresholds of 100 or 66% over baseline and were compared by using Fisher's exact test. Without serum, there was little evidence that IR magnetic fields altered [Ca2+]c. However, in the presence of 2% serum, 3 of the 16 experiments exhibited significant effects at the 100% threshold. Reducing this threshold to 66% resulted in five experiments exhibiting significant effects. Most strikingly, in all of these cases, the field acted to enhance [Ca2+]c activity as opposed to suppressing [Ca2+]c activity. These findings suggest a role for serum or for constituents within serum in mediating the effects of IR magnetic fields on cells and may provide a resolution pathway to the dilemma imposed by theoretical arguments regarding the possibility of such phenomena. Possible roles of serum and future studies are discussed.
Options for Regenerative Thermal Oxidizers: New, Used or Upgrade? (2002)

This article explains how to evaluate whether to upgrade the existing unit, purchase a new system, or buy used equipment.
Thrombolysis versus surgery for the treatment of thrombosed dialysis access grafts. (1995)

Thrombolysis offers several advantages over surgery in the treatment of thrombosed dialysis access grafts. This study was undertaken to compare the results obtained when thrombolysis was used as the preferred treatment (Thrombolysis Period) for this problem in comparison with the results that had been obtained when surgical therapy had been the preferred treatment (Surgery Period). Each period of study lasted 12 months and the two periods ran consecutively. All data were collected prospectively. No significant problems were encountered when thrombolysis was substituted for surgical therapy as the preferred treatment of thrombosed dialysis access grafts. During the Surgical Period there were 580 thrombotic episodes, a rate of 0.86 per patient. During the Thrombolysis Period there were 568 episodes, a rate of 0.76. These differences were not statistically significant. During the Thrombolysis Period, thrombolysis was found to be as effective as surgery had been during the Surgical Period in the initial treatment of thrombosed grafts. The rate of surgical revision was decreased by two-thirds during the Thrombolysis Period, but the rate of graft replacement was not altered. Long-term patency after therapy by thrombolysis during the Thrombolysis Period was superior to that for surgical thrombectomy performed during the Surgical Period, and was equal to that for revision and graft replacement. The complication rate for thrombolysis was low and complications were managed easily without sequelae. It is concluded that thrombolysis is safe and, when used as the preferred treatment for thrombosed dialysis access grafts, is as effective as surgical therapy. Since it preserves potential vascular access sites and yields long-term patency rates superior to those for surgical thrombectomy, it should be regarded as the treatment of choice for this problem.
Information and computation: Classical and quantum aspects (2002)

Quantum theory has found a new field of application in the realm of information and computation during recent years. This paper reviews how quantum physics allows information coding in classically unexpected and subtle nonlocal ways, as well as information processing with an efficiency largely surpassing that of the present and foreseeable classical computers. Some notable aspects of classical and quantum information theory will be addressed here. Quantum teleportation, dense coding, and quantum cryptography are discussed as examples of the impact of quanta on the transmission of information. Quantum logic gates and quantum algorithms are also discussed as instances of the improvement made possible in information processing by a quantum computer. Finally the authors provide some examples of current experimental realizations for quantum computers and future prospects.
Cylindrical geometry: a further step in active microwave tomography (1991)

A prototype imaging system for active microwave tomography using cylindrical geometry has been developed, making it possible to obtain images of the dielectric properties of biological targets at 2.45 GHz. This configuration allows a fast exploration of body slices placed along the array axis, in a way similar to that of present X-ray scanners. The electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of this approach is critical because the strongly attenuated received fields are measured on the same array which is being used to emit a high-level illuminating signal. Therefore, carefully designed high-frequency architectures and detection techniques are necessary. The system requires no mechanical movements to illuminate the body from multiple directions (views) and measure the scattered fields. In this way, a complete data set consisting of 64 views is acquired in 3 s using low-power illumination. The system is described, and images obtained with biological phantoms and actual bodies are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
cdma2000: A third-generation radio transmission technology (2002)

The requirements of a third-generation radio transmission system include support for multimedia services, global roaming, operation in multiple environments both fixed and mobile, and high-speed data services. The cdma2000 radio transmission technology (RTT) is based on the evolution of the current cdmaOne <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∗</sup> system to a multimedia system that offers additional capacity and service enhancements. While meeting the requirements of a third-generation wireless system, the cdma2000 RTT maintains backward compatibility with currently deployed cdmaOne networks worldwide, providing a smooth migration path from second- to third-generation systems.
Guide it Pain Management in Low Resource Settings (2009)

Guide to Pain Management in Low-Resource Settings, edited by Andreas Kopf and Nilesh B. Patel. IASP, Seattle, © 2010. All rights reserved. Th is material may be used for educational and training purposes with proper citation of the source. Not for sale or commercial use. No responsibility is assumed by IASP for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of product liability, negligence, or from any use of any methods, products, instruction, or ideas contained in the material herein. Because of the rapid advances in the medical sciences, the publisher recommends that there should be independent verifi cation of diagnoses and drug dosages. Th e mention of specifi c pharmaceutical products and any medical procedure does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the editors, authors, or IASP in favor of other medical products or procedures that are not covered in the text. Guide to Pain Management in Low-Resource Settings
An Animal Model for Cystic Fibrosis Made by Gene Targeting (1992)

Cystic fibrosis results from defects in the gene encoding a cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent chloride ion channel known as the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). To create an animal model for cystic fibrosis, mice were generated from embryonic stem cells in which the CFTR gene was disrupted by gene targeting. Mice homozygous for the disrupted gene display many features common to young human cystic fibrosis patients, including failure to thrive, meconium ileus, alteration of mucous and serous glands, and obstruction of glandlike structures with inspissated eosinophilic material. Death resulting from intestinal obstruction usually occurs before 40 days of age.
The immunosuppressant FK-506 specifically inhibits mitogen-induced activation of the interleukin-2 promoter and the isolated enhancer elements NFIL-2A and NF-AT1. (1991)

The macrolide FK-506, like the cyclic undecapeptide cyclosporin A (CsA), is a potent immunosuppressant that interferes with the transcriptional activation of several early-phase genes in T lymphocytes, including that for interleukin-2 (IL-2). We compared the effects of FK-506 and CsA on transcription from the 5' upstream activating sequences (UAS) of the human IL-2 gene and several cellular and viral UAS to define cis-acting sites which may be responsive to FK-506. The UAS surveyed included the human IL-2 receptor alpha-chain, human metallothionein II, simian virus 40 early, human cytomegalovirus immediate-early, adenovirus major late, and Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat UAS. In addition, we studied multimers of several defined promoter elements (NFIL-2A, NF-kappa B, or NF-AT1) which are found in the UAS of the human IL-2 gene and which have been reported to be responsive to CsA when linked to a minimal promoter element (TATA box and transcription start site). Each promoter-regulatory region was fused to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene and used to transiently transfect Jurkat cells. Quantitative chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assay determinations indicated that the transcriptional activity of each UAS induced upon T-cell activation was (i) completely sensitive, (ii) partially sensitive, or (iii) resistant to inhibition by CsA and FK-506. The induced transcription driven by the IL-2 promoter elements NF-AT1 and NFIL-2A could be blocked completely by FK-506 or CsA. Gel mobility shift assays indicated that the binding activities of the factors specifically interacting with these sequences were detected in activated cells regardless of whether the cells were treated with FK-506 or CsA. The results suggest that FK-506 or CsA inhibits a transacting mechanism(s) without disrupting the binding activities of these transcription factors. The degree to which each UAS was resistant to FK-506 was consistent with the level of transcription induced by phorbol myristate acetate, while UAS which were sensitive to inhibition by FK-506 were dependent on the presence of both phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin.
Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Insulin-like Growth Factor I Receptors by Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides. EFFECTS ON CELL GROWTH AND EVIDENCE THAT SENSE TARGETING AT THE ATG SITE INCREASES RECEPTOR EXPRESSION (1995)

We have recently shown that insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I) is a mediator of angiotensin II-induced mitogenesis in vascular smooth muscle cells (Delafontaine, P., and Lou H. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 16866-16870). To study the role of the IGF I receptor in vascular smooth muscle cell growth, phosphorothioate oligonucleotides were used to modulate IGF I receptors. An antisense oligonucleotide targeting the ATG site inhibited basal and serum-induced DNA synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells. Mismatch oligonucleotide had no effect, while surprisingly sense oligonucleotide increased IGF I receptor number and basal and serum-induced DNA synthesis. A 51% reduction in IGF I receptor number following exposure to 5 microM antisense oligonucleotide markedly inhibited angiotensin II-induced mitogenesis. A 70% increase in IGF I receptor number following exposure to 5 microM sense oligonucleotide resulted in a 4-fold increase in basal [3H]thymidine incorporation, and angiotensin II (1-1000 nM) had no additive stimulatory effect. An antisense oligonucleotide targeting a sequence starting at +109 base pairs (relative to ATG) also reduced IGF I receptor number, however, the corresponding sense oligonucleotide was without effect. These findings demonstrate that alterations in vascular smooth muscle cell IGF I receptor density play a critical role in the proliferative response of vascular smooth muscle cells to serum and to angiotensin II. In addition, the surprising observation that an ATG-directed sense oligonucleotide up-regulates IGF I receptors identifies a novel effect of oligonucleotides on gene expression.
An Evaluation of Clinical Signs in the Diagnosis of Venous Thrombosis (1962)

The winds of change continue to blow through the problem of thromboembolic disease. This is not surprising when the etiology still remains obscure. Venous thrombosis not infrequently complicates a variety of medical, surgical, and obstetrical conditions. Pulmonary embolism may cause death when the outcome of surgery might otherwise have been successful. Statistically, pulmonary embolism is the greatest single cause of postoperative deaths as well as the commonest postoperative chest complication. In spite of the growing awareness of thromboembolism this disease remains a constant source of unpleasant surprises. The clinical diagnosis of incipient or even advanced venous thrombosis in the lower extremities is often impossible. Welch and Faxon<sup>1</sup>found that in 128 cases of fatal embolism only 5% had clinical evidence of peripheral vein involvement. Coon and Coller<sup>2</sup>reviewed a series of 595 cases of pulmonary embolism proved at autopsy. They found that only 7.1% had a clinical diagnosis
Peripheral blood progenitors as a target for genetic correction of p47phox-deficient chronic granulomatous disease. (1993)

Peripheral blood contains hematopoietic progenitors (PBHPs), which can be harvested in clinically relevant amounts by apheresis. PBHPs have been used as a source of progenitors alternative to marrow for autologous transplantation following intensive chemotherapy. We have determined culture conditions for growth and differentiation of PBHPs to the mature myeloid phenotype, which in the present study are employed to demonstrate the functional correction of an inherited disorder of myeloid cells in retrovirus-transduced human primary hematopoietic progenitors. Patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) suffer from recurrent life-threatening infections because blood phagocytes fail to produce microbicidal superoxide (O2-.). One-third of the cases of CGD result from defects in the gene encoding p47phox, a cytoplasmic oxidase component required for O2-. generation. In the present study, a replication-defective retrovirus encoding p47phox was used to transduce PBHPs from patients with p47phox-deficient CGD, which resulted in significant correction of O2-. generation when PBHPs were differentiated to mature neutrophils and monocytes. This study provides a model for use of PBHPs in development of gene therapy for diseases affecting bone marrow.
Comparative pharmacology of rat and human α7 nAChR conducted with net charge analysis (2002)

1. Pharmacological studies of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are confounded by the fact that rapid desensitization to high agonist concentration causes alpha7 peak responses to occur well in advance of complete solution exchange. For this reason, peak currents are an invalid measure of response to applied agonist concentrations. We show that results comparable to those that have been corrected for instantaneous concentration are obtained if net charge is used as the measure of receptor response. 2. Dose response curves obtained with these methods indicate that alpha7 receptors are approximately 10 fold more sensitive to agonist than previously reported. The agonists, ACh, choline, cytisine, GTS-21, 4OH-GTS-21 and 4-MeO-CA have the same rank order potency for both human and rat receptors: 4-MeO-CA > 4OH-GTS-21 > GTS-21 > cytisine > ACh > choline. However, differences in efficacy exist between rat and human receptors. GTS-21 is more efficacious for rat than human alpha7 receptors and cytosine more efficacious for human than rat alpha7 receptors. 3. Choline is the least potent agonist for both human and rat alpha7, with a potency approximately 10 fold lower than that of ACh. While the EC50 for the activation of alpha7 receptors by choline (400-500 microM) is outside the normal physiological range (10-100 microM), choline can nonetheless produce detectable levels of channel activation in the physiological concentration range. Since these concentrations are relatively non-desensitizing, the contribution of choline-activated alpha7 receptor current may play a significant role in the regulation of calcium homeostasis in alpha7-expressing neurons.
Stromal cell regulation of lymphoid and myeloid differentiation. (1987)

In vitro microenvironmental influences seem to be critical for both B lymphocyte and myeloid differentiation. Studies on murine Dexter cultures and Whitlock-Witte lymphocyte cultures suggest the presence of two critical stromal regulatory cells: an alkaline-phosphatase-positive epithelioid cell and a macrophage. Further data suggest that these cells are capable of producing colony stimulating factor-1, granulocyte-macrophage CSF, a myeloid synergizing activity, and probably separate B cell growth factors. Isolation of a cell line from Dexter stroma was accomplished and this line produced CSF-1, GM-CSF, a pre-B cell and myeloid synergizing activity, and an activity acting on differentiated B cells. We speculate that the Dexter and Whitlock-Witte in vitro culture systems are regulated by factors produced by the two adherent cell types. A lineage nonspecific factor capable of inducing cells into the B lineage or synergizing with interleukin-3, GM-CSF, and CSF-1 is produced, which presumably acts on early stem cells. In addition, the cell line produces GM-CSF, CSF-1, and a factor acting on differentiated B cells. We speculate that in these culture systems, these "terminal differentiating hormones" regulate the final pathway of differentiation, whereas the pre-B-synergizing activity supports early stem cells that can then respond to the other differentiating hormones.
Fluid and electrolyte transport by cultured human airway epithelia. (1993)

An understanding of the fluid and electrolyte transport proper- ties of any epithelium requires knowledge of the direction, rate, and regulation of fluid transport and the composition of the fluid. Although human airway epithelia likely play a key role in controlling the quantity and composition of the respiratory tract fluid, evidence for such a role is not available. To obtain such knowledge, we measured fluid and electrolyte transport by cultured human nasal epithelia. Under basal conditions we found that epithelia absorbed Na+ and fluid; both processes were inhibited by addition of amiloride to the mucosal surface. These data suggest that active Na+ absorption is responsible for fluid absorption. Interestingly, Na+ absorption was not ac- companied by the net absorption of Cl ; some other anion ac- companied Na+. The combination of cAMP agonists and mu- cosal amiloride stimulated the secretion of NaCl-rich fluid. But surprisingly, the response to cAMP agonists in the absence of amiloride showed substantial intersubject variability: cAMP stimulated fluid secretion across some epithelia, for others, cAMP stimulated fluid absorption. The explanation for the dif- ferences in response is uncertain, but we speculate that the magnitude of apical membrane Na+ conductance may modulate the direction of fluid transport in response to cAMP. We also found that airway epithelia secrete H+ and absorb K+ under basal conditions; both processes were inhibited by cAMP ago- nists. Because the H+/K+-ATPase inhibitor, SCH 28080, in- hibited K+ absorption, an apical membrane H+/K+-ATPase may be at least partly responsible for K+ and H+ transport. However, H+/K+ exchange could not entirely account for the luminal acidification. The finding that cAMP agonists inhibited luminal acidification may be explained by the recent finding that cAMP increases apical HCO3 conductance. These re- sults provide new insights into how the intact airway epithelium may modify the composition of the respiratory tract fluid. ( J. Clin. Invest.
Deep-Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus or the Pars Interna of the Globus Pallidus in Parkinson's Disease (2001)

Bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus or pars interna of the globus pallidus is associated with significant improvement in motor function in patients with Parkinson's disease whose condition cannot be further improved with medical therapy.
A Spin Flip Problem (1971)

We examine the problem of calculating the spin up and spin down amplitudes for a spin 12 particle, initially aligned with respect to a constant magnetic field, and then subjected to a rotation of the field through an arbitrary angle in a finite time. We find that the solutions to the problem are entirely determined by an adiabaticity parameter α which is the ratio of the particle Larmor frequency to the field rotation rate. As expected, a spin flip occurs readily only in the nonadiabatic case, α≪1.
3D Printing of Shape Memory Polymers for Flexible Electronic Devices (2015)

The formation of 3D objects composed of shape memory polymers for flexible electronics is described. Layer-by-layer photopolymerization of methacrylated semicrystalline molten macromonomers by a 3D digital light processing printer enables rapid fabrication of complex objects and imparts shape memory functionality for electrical circuits.
Controlled Radical Polymerizations: The Use of Alkyl Iodides in Degenerative Transfer (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTControlled Radical Polymerizations: The Use of Alkyl Iodides in Degenerative TransferKrzysztof Matyjaszewski, Scott Gaynor, and Jin-Shan WangCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 6, 2093–2095Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00110a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00110a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1673Altmetric-Citations289LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts