gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of UV stable LED encapsulants (2009)

In recent years, high power white LED devices (LEDs) have been developed and widely used in display, display backlight module and general lightings. UV LED pumped RGB phosphors is one of the methods to generate white light. It shows some advantages, such as: excellent color rendering index (CRI), tolerant to LED variation, etc. However, the high energy of UV or near UV based LED lighting source leads to encapsulated transparent epoxy resin chain scission and forms some chromatic sites. The discolored epoxy materials decreases the light output and accumulates heat inside to speed up material degradation. Moreover, LED display and LED lighting devices also suffer UV irradiation from sunlight in the outdoor applications. In order to avoid the UV-degraded problem of LED encapsulating materials, we developed UV resistant material technology. Our developing strategies included evaluating UV stabilizer, synthesis of silicone modified epoxy or curing agent to enhance the bonding energy of encapsulating material. Transparent epoxy resin and anhydride curing agent systems are commonly used in LED encapsulation applications. In this work, UV resistant properties of different epoxy resin structures were evaluated, firstly. It was found that aromatic type epoxy system discolored more quickly than the other epoxy systems due to the UV absorption of the conjugated structure. Secondly, we evaluated the effect of UV absorbers (UVAs) for the UV resistant properties. Modification with silicone materials has been utilized as the most effective method to improve the toughness, thermal and UV stability of transparent epoxy encapsulant. Therefore, we also developed silicone-modified reactive compounds to improve UV stability of current epoxy based encapsulant. The results showed excellent UV resistant properties of cycloaliphatic epoxy systems by the addition of silicone-modified epoxy. The technologies of UV absorbers and silicone-modified epoxy systems demonstrate excellent UV resistant properties for high performance LED applications.
Mechanism of the formation of contractile ring in dividing cultured animal cells. I. Recruitment of preexisting actin filaments into the cleavage furrow. (1990)

Cytokinesis of animal cells involves the formation of the circumferential actin filament bundle (contractile ring) along the equatorial plane. To analyze the assembly mechanism of the contractile ring, we microinjected a small amount of rhodamine-labeled phalloidin (rh-pha) or rhodamine-labeled actin (rh-actin) into dividing normal rat kidney cells. rh-pha was microinjected during prometaphase or metaphase to label actin filaments that were present at that stage. As mitosis proceeded into anaphase, the labeled filaments became associated with the cortex of the cell. During cytokinesis, rh-pha was depleted from polar regions and became highly concentrated into the equatorial region. The distribution of total actin filaments, as revealed by staining the whole cell with fluorescein phalloidin, showed a much less pronounced difference between the polar and the equatorial regions. The sites of de novo assembly of actin filaments during the formation of the contractile ring were determined by microinjecting rh-actin shortly before cytokinesis, and then extracting and fixing the cell during mid-cytokinesis. Injected rhodamine actin was only slightly concentrated in the contractile ring, as compared to the distribution of total actin filaments. Our results indicate that preexisting actin filaments, probably through movement and reorganization, are used preferentially for the formation of the contractile ring. De novo assembly of filaments, on the other hand, appears to take place preferentially outside the cleavage furrow.
Development of Vision-Based Vehicle Detection and Recognition System for Intelligent Vehicles (1999)

The business plan for the Intelligent Vehicles Initiative (IVI) from the U.S. Department of Transportation contains several candidate services that address collision warning and collision avoidance. Recently, a proactive crash mitigation system that would enhance the crash avoidance and survivability components of IVI has been proposed. An accurate object detection and recognition system is a prerequisite for the proactive crash mitigation system. A vision-based approach to the detection and recognition of vehicles, calculation of their motion parameters, and tracking of multiple vehicles by using a sequence of gray-scale images taken from a moving vehicle is presented. The vision-based system consists of four models: the object detection model, the object recognition model, the object information model, and the object tracking model. Object detection, recognition, and tracking are accomplished by combining the analysis of a single image frame with the analysis of consecutive image frames. In the analysis of the single image frame, the system detects the potential objects by using their shape features and recognizes the objects by using a neural network. Once the objects are recognized, they are tracked in the consecutive image frames by processing only the pertinent areas given by previous frames. The analysis of the single image frame is performed every 10 image frames. The information model will judge whether the objects are hazardous to the host vehicle by using two parameters: time to collision and its time derivative. Experimental results demonstrated a robust system in real-time vehicle recognition, vehicle tracking, and vehicle motion analysis over thousands of image frames.
Systemic AA Amyloidosis in the Common Marmoset (2005)

The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a small New World primate native to Brazil that has been used extensively in biomedical research. A retrospective analysis of archived hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue sections and clinical records was conducted at the New England Primate Research Center on 86 marmosets more than 1 year of age that were euthanized during the past decade because of morbidity and failure to thrive. Approximately 17% (15 of 86) were found to have amyloid deposits in one or more organs, including the liver, adrenal glands, kidneys, and intestine. This material was shown by amino acid sequence analysis to be composed of serum amyloid A (SAA)-related protein. This type of amyloidosis, designated AA or "secondary," is associated typically with an inflammatory process that induces elevated levels of the SAA amyloidogenic precursor molecule. Notably, there were no significant pathologic differences or other distinguishing features in animals with amyloid versus those without; furthermore, on the basis of the limited number of serum specimens available for analysis, the SAA concentrations in the two groups were comparable, thus suggesting the possible inheritable nature of the disorder. In this respect, the common marmoset provides a unique experimental model for study of the pathogenesis and treatment of AA and other forms of systemic amyloidosis.
Identification of a Novel Recognition Sequence for Integrin αMβ2 within the γ-chain of Fibrinogen (1998)

The interaction of leukocyte integrin alphaMbeta2 (CD11b/CD18, Mac-1) with fibrinogen has been implicated in the inflammatory response by contributing to leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium and subsequent transmigration. Previously, it has been demonstrated that a peptide, P1, corresponding to residues 190-202 in the gamma-chain of fibrinogen, binds to alphaM beta2 and blocks the interaction of fibrinogen with the receptor and that Asp199 within P1 is important to activity. We have demonstrated, however, that a double mutation of Asp199-Gly200 to Gly-Ala in the recombinant gamma-module of fibrinogen, spanning region 148-411, did not abrogate alphaM beta2 recognition and considered that other binding sites in the gamma-module may participate in the receptor recognition. We have found that synthetic peptide P2, duplicating gamma377-395, inhibited adhesion of alphaM beta2-transfected cells to immobilized D100 fragment of fibrinogen in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, immobilized P2 directly supported efficient adhesion of the alphaM beta2-expressing cells, including activated and non-activated monocytoid cells. The I domain of alphaM beta2 was implicated in recognition of P2, as the biotinylated recombinant alphaMI domain specifically bound to both P2 and P1 peptides. Analysis of overlapping peptides spanning P2 demonstrated that it may contain two functional sequences: gamma377-386 (P2-N) and gamma383-395 (P2-C), with the latter sequence being more active. In the three-dimensional structure of the gamma-module, gamma190-202 and gamma377-395 reside in close proximity, forming two antiparallel beta strands. The juxtapositioning of these two sequences may form an unique and complex binding site for alphaM beta2.
Studies of metabolic control using NMR and molecular genetics (1997)

The techniques of NMR spectroscopy and molecular genetics have provided new and powerful approaches to studying the control and organisation of cellular metabolism in vivo. We review here our recent applications of these methodologies to the study of energy metabolism in yeast and mammalian cells.
Two Listeria monocytogenes CTL epitopes are processed from the same antigen with different efficiencies (1996)

Listeria monocytogenes is an intracellular bacterium that elicits MHC class I-restricted CTL in infected mice. A major CTL specificity is the nonamer peptide p60 217-225, which is derived from the bacterial murein hydrolase p60 and presented by the H-2Kd MHC class I molecule. In this report, we identify a second H-2Kd presented peptide, encompassing residues 449-457 of p60, that is detected by L. monocytogenes-specific CTL. Both p60-derived CTL epitopes are good competitors for H-2Kd binding and TAP (transporter associated with Ag processing) transport. CTL clone WP11.12 lyses L. monocytogenes infected cells and recognizes naturally processed p60 449-457 acid eluted from L. monocytogenes-infected macrophages. Although both epitopes derive from the same Ag and bind the same allelic form of MHC class I, quantitative analysis reveals that the amount of p60 449-457 in infected cells is approximately 10-fold greater than the amount of p60 217-225. Shuffling p60 217-225 into position 449-457 decreases its processing efficiency, indicating that the large number of p60 449-457 epitopes cannot be entirely attributed to epitope-flanking sequences. Our findings indicate that CTL epitopes can be processed from Ags with markedly different kinetics and efficiencies. Intrinsic qualities of an epitope and its location within a protein influence the efficiency of Ag processing.
Characteristics of Cartilage Engineered from Human Pediatric Auricular Cartilage (1999)

In the repair of cartilage defects, autologous tissue offers the advantage of lasting biocompatibility. The ability of bovine chondrocytes isolated from hyaline cartilage to generate tissue-engineered cartilage in a predetermined shape, such as a human ear, has been demonstrated; however, the potential of chondrocytes isolated from human elastic cartilage remains unknown. In this study, the authors examined the multiplication characteristics of human auricular chondrocytes and the ability of these cells to generate new elastic cartilage as a function of the length of time they are maintained in vitro. Human auricular cartilage, harvested from patients 5 to 17 years of age, was digested in collagenase, and the chondrocytes were isolated and cultured in vitro for up to 12 weeks. Cells were trypsinized, counted, and passaged every 2 weeks. Chondrocyte-polymer (polyglycolic acid) constructs were created at each passage and then implanted into athymic mice for 8 weeks. The ability of the cells to multiply in vitro and their ability to generate new cartilage as a function of the time they had been maintained in vitro were studied. A total of 31 experimental constructs from 12 patients were implanted and compared with a control group of constructs without chondrocytes. In parallel, a representative sample of cells was evaluated to determine the presence of collagen. The doubling rate of human auricular chondrocytes in vitro remained constant within the population studied. New tissue developed in 22 of 31 experimental implants. This tissue demonstrated the physical characteristics of auricular cartilage on gross inspection. Histogically, specimens exhibited dense cellularity and lacunae-containing cells embedded in a basophilic matrix. The specimens resembled immature cartilage and were partially devoid of the synthetic material of which the construct had been composed. Analyses for collagen, proteoglycans, and elastin were consistent with elastic cartilage. No cartilage was detected in the control implants. Human auricular chondrocytes multiply well in vitro and possess the ability to form new cartilage when seeded onto a three-dimensional scaffold. These growth characteristics might some day enable chondrocytes isolated from a small auricular biopsy to be expanded in vitro to generate a large, custom-shaped, autologous graft for clinical reconstruction of a cartilage defect, such as for congenital microtia. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 103: 1111, 1999.)
Synthesis and Fungicidal Activity of Some 5-Membered Heterocyclic Derivatives Containing Benzimidazoles (1993)

2-Chloromethyl-5H/methyl benzimidazoles were condensed with different 2-substituted 5-mercapto-1,3,4-oxadiazoles and thiadiazoles, and 4-amino 2-substituted 5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazoles. The synthesized compounds were characterized and evaluated for their fungicidal activities, and few were found to be better fungicides than those commercially used.
Thymic carcinoid. A histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study of 12 cases (1984)

Twelve cases of thymic carcinoid were studied by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Clinically, all of them presented either as asymptomatic, radiographically detected mediastinal masses or as neoplasms producing symptoms of thoracic structural displacement or Cushing's syndrome. By light microscopic examination, the carcinoids manifested an organoid growth pattern, being composed of uniform polygonal cells with central, oval nuclei and finely dispersed chromatin. Immunohistochemical analysis disclosed the presence of cytoplasmic adrenocorticotropic hormone in four cases (three associated with Cushing's syndrome), of somatostatin in seven cases, and of serotonin in one case. Ultrastructurally, these tumors generally showed short, blunt, interdigitating cell processes; focal, scanty basement membrane material; infrequent but well-formed junctional complexes; moderate to large numbers of dense-core granules; and lipoautophagosomes. Six tumors contained small numbers of type I microfilaments, and three demonstrated perinuclear whorls of type II microfilaments. Rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum was well developed in each tumor, the smooth form being prominent in cases with clinical Cushing's syndrome.
Identification and characterization of the monoblast in mononuclear phagocyte colonies grown in vitro. (1975)

A liquid culture technique for growing mononuclear phagocyte colonies on a glass surface is described. This useful and reliable technique made it possible to study immature mononuclear phagocytes. In the mononuclear phagocyte colonies the cells grow separate from each other in a single layer. Three types of cells are recognized in these colonies, namely nondividing macrophages, and proliferating promonocytes and monoblasts. The macrophage and the promonocyte exhibit the typical characteristics previously demonstrated by the other methods, whereas the monoblast could only be fully characterized by the present liquid culture method. This proliferating cell (labeling index with [3H]thymidine, 92-96%) is almost round (diameters, 10 X 10 mum), has only a small rim of strongly basophilic cytoplasm, almost devoid of granules, and shows a certain degree of ruffling of the cell surface. The monoblast is positive for esterase with alpha-naphthyl butyrate as substrate (91%), for peroxidase (78% in the peroxidase-positive colonies), and lysozyme (43%). The monoblast is able to pinocytize dextran sulphate (15-20%) and to phagocytize opsonized bacteria (20-30%), latex particles (47%), and IgG-coated red cells (96%). IgG receptors (94%) and complement receptors (16%) are present at the cell surface. In these respects the monoblast has the typical characteristics of the mononuclear phagocytes, but its properties show it to be a more immature cell type than the promonocyte. On the basis of these criteria and the sequence of appearance of the different cell types during incubation and during the development of the individual mononuclear phagocyte colony, monoblasts being present before promonocytes appear in the colony, it is concluded that the monoblast is the precursor of the promonocyte. In these cultures granulocyte colonies are also formed, consisting of myeloblasts, (pro)myelocytes, stabs, and polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Besides the typically tight structure of this kind of colony, the granulocytic cells themselves are quite distinct from the mononuclear phagocytes by their morphology, cytochemical characteristics (e.g. all negative for esterase with alpha-naphthyl butyrate, but 96% positive with N-acetyl DL-alanyl 1-naphthylester), functional characteristics (pinocytic index 13-21%; phagocytic index; for opsonized bacteria 15-36%, for latex particles 10%, and for IgG-coated red cells 0%), and their very small number of IgG receptors and lack of complement receptors. On the basis of these criteria, these granulocytic cells are easily distinguished from the immature cells of the mononuclear phagocyte colonies. The present study confirms the conclusion that the mononuclear phagocytes are a separate cell line, quite distinct from the granulocytic series, since even the most immature cells so far identified--the monoblast and the myeloblast--have quite different characteristics.
Identification of 4Ig-B7-H3 as a neuroblastoma-associated molecule that exerts a protective role from an NK cell-mediated lysis (2004)

In this study, in an attempt to identify neuroblastoma-associated surface antigens, we generated mAbs against the ACN neuroblastoma cell line. A mAb was selected (5B14) that reacted with all neuroblastoma cell lines analyzed and allowed detection of tumor cell infiltrates in bone marrow aspirates from neuroblastoma patients. In cytofluorimetric analysis, unlike anti-disialoganglioside mAb, 5B14 mAb did not display reactivity with normal bone marrow hematopoietic cell precursors, thus representing a highly specific marker for identifying neuroblastoma cells. Molecular analysis revealed that the 5B14 mAb-reactive surface glycoprotein corresponded to the recently identified 4Ig-B7-H3 molecule. Remarkably, mAb-mediated masking of the 4Ig-B7-H3 molecule on cell transfectants or on freshly isolated neuroblastoma cells resulted in enhancement of natural killer-mediated lysis of these target cells. These data suggest that 4Ig-B7-H3 molecules expressed at the tumor cell surface can exert a protective role from natural killer-mediated lysis by interacting with a still undefined inhibitory receptor expressed on natural killer cells.
Competitive Oxidation and Protonation of Aqueous Monomethylplatinum(II) Complexes:  A Comparison of Oxidants (2006)

[PtII(CH3)Cl3]2- (1), generated at 95 °C in situ from Cs2[PtIV(CH3)2Cl4] in an aqueous solution of high chloride concentration and [H+] = 0.2 M, undergoes competitive oxidation versus protonation (kox/kH+) with several oxidants. A first-order dependence on oxidant concentration was determined for both CuCl2 and FeCl3 oxidations of 1, and kox/kH+ was determined to be 191 ± 24 and 14 ± 3. CuCl2 was shown to catalyze the oxidation of 1 by dioxygen; however, [PtIICl4]2- was also oxidized under these conditions. Anion 1, generated in a mixture of platinum(II) salts, [Cp2CoIII]2{[PtIICl4] + 1 + [PtII(CH3)2Cl2] (4)}·xNaCl (5), also undergoes competitive oxidation and protonation at room temperature in D2O when in the presence of oxidants. Increasing chloride decreases the ratio kox/kH+ for 1 when Na2[PtIVCl6] is used as the oxidant, but when CuCl2 is used as the oxidant, added chloride increases kox/kH+. The one-electron oxidants, Na2[IrCl6] and (NH4)2[Ce(NO3)6], were also shown to oxidize 1.
Genetic reconstitution of systemic lupus erythematosus immunopathology with polycongenic murine strains (2000)

We previously produced three congenic strains carrying lupus susceptibility genes (Sle1-Sle3) from the lupus-prone NZM2410 mouse on the C57BL/6 background and characterized their component phenotypes. Sle1 mediates the loss of tolerance to nuclear antigens; Sle2 lowers the activation threshold of B cells; and Sle3 mediates a dysregulation of CD4(+) T cells. We have now created a collection of bi- and tricongenic strains with these intervals and assessed the autoimmune phenotypes they elicit in various combinations. Our results indicate that Sle1 is key for the development of fatal lupus. The combination of Sle1 with Sle2, Sle3, or the BXSB-derived autoimmune accelerating gene yaa results in the development of systemic autoimmunity with variably penetrant severe glomerulonephritis culminating in kidney failure. In contrast, two locus combinations of Sle2, Sle3, and yaa failed to mediate fatal disease. These results indicate that the loss of tolerance to chromatin mediated by Sle1 is essential for disease pathogenesis and identify the pathway occupied by Sle1 as a strategic target for therapeutic intervention in systemic lupus erythematosus. The coexpression of Sle1, Sle2, and Sle3 as a B6-triple congenic results in severe systemic autoimmunity and fully penetrant, fatal glomerulonephritis. These results demonstrate the fulfillment of the genetic equivalent of Koch's postulate, where susceptibility loci in a lupus-prone strain have been identified by a genome scan, isolated and functionally characterized by congenic dissection, and finally shown to mediate full disease expression when recombined in a normal genome.
LH-Releasing Activity of p-Glu-His-Trp-NH2and p-Glu-His-Trp (1973)

Journal Article LH-Releasing Activity of p-Glu-His-Trp-NH2 and p-Glu-His-Trp Get access R. S. MECKLENBURG, R. S. MECKLENBURG *Reproduction Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. NODA, K. NODA *Reproduction Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. MIYACHI, Y. MIYACHI *Reproduction Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. GROSS, E. GROSS *Reproduction Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. B. LIPSETT M. B. LIPSETT *Reproduction Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Endocrinology, Volume 93, Issue 4, 1 October 1973, Pages 994–997, https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-93-4-994 Published: 01 October 1973 Article history Received: 15 March 1973 Published: 01 October 1973