gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Does the ocs‐element occur as a functional component of the promoters of plant genes? (1993)

The structural requirements of the ocs-element, a promoter element in several genes transferred to the host plant nucleus by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and certain DNA viruses, have been further characterized both in vitro and in vivo. Two adjacent and functionally identical protein-binding sites separated by an exact number of nucleotides are required for in vivo activity of the ocs-element. Plant pathogens have presumably recruited cellular transcription factors that interact with these binding sites to drive the high-level expression of their essential genes. Our functional analyses of the ocs-elements from two pathogen promoters define the structure of a sequence motif that might also be expected to occur in plant nuclear genes, and a search of the plant gene database has identified a number of plant gene promoters that contain sequences that resemble the ocs-element. These sequences were analysed for their ability both to bind the maize nuclear protein OCSTF and to activate transcription of an inactive promoter. A functional ocs-element was identified in only one of the plant genes, the soybean heat-shock gene, Gmhsp26-A. The apparent rarity of the ocs-element in plant genes contrasts with its frequent use by pathogens that transform the plant nucleus. Sequences resembling half of an ocs-element, on the other hand, are common in plant promoters and may form part of multi-element control motifs with a variety of regulatory functions. Plant pathogens may, therefore, have evolved to circumvent tight regulatory control of their promoters by the host by duplicating the half ocs-element promoter motifs to take advantage of the ubiquitous ocs-element-binding transcription factors in plants.
Proposal to create subspecies of Rickettsia conorii based on multi-locus sequence typing and an emended description of Rickettsia conorii (2005)

Although homogeneous genotypically, strains within the R. conorii species show MST genotypic, serotypic, and epidemio-clinical dissimilarities. We, therefore, propose to modify the nomenclature of the R. conorii species through the creation of subspecies. We propose the names R. conorii subsp. conorii subsp. nov. (type strain = Malish, ATCC VR-613), R. conorii subspecies indica subsp. nov. (type strain = ATCC VR-597), R. conorii subspecies caspia subsp. nov. (type strain = A-167), and R. conorii subspecies israelensis subsp. nov. (type strain = ISTT CDC1). The description of R. conorii is emended to accomodate the four subspecies.
Sequence (Viterbi-equivalent) decoding (1988)

A decoder for magnetic recording that is applicable to both a
The effect of RU 41.740, an immune modulating compound, in the prevention of acute exacerbations in patients with chronic bronchitis. (1986)

The effect of Biostim (RU 41.740), a new non-specific immune modulator, in reducing the number of acute exacerbations in patients with chronic bronchitis, was examined. One hundred and ninety-eight patients with chronic bronchitis stages 2 and 3 entered the study, which was conducted as a multicenter, double-blind, parallel three-group, placebo-controlled trial. The patients were randomised to placebo, Biostim 2 or 8 mg per day, and received treatment for 1 week every other week for 3 successive months during the winter 1983. A significant (p = 0.005) reduction in the number of acute exacerbations was observed in the patients treated with Biostim 2 mg/day, whereas no effect was observed in the placebo or 8 mg/day group. No serious side-effects were encountered.
Enhancement of radiolabeled antibody binding and tumor localization through adenoviral transduction of the human carcinoembryonic antigen gene. (1996)

Conventional radiolabeled antibody targeting utilized in radioimmunotherapy has resulted in limited success clinically due in part to inadequate tumor localization resulting from low expression of human tumor-associated antigens on target cells. We hypothesized that one could improve upon these limitations by genetically inducing tumor cells to express high levels of a new membrane-associated receptor with high affinity for a radioligand. As a preliminary strategy, we induced a human glioma cell line (D54 MG) to express human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in vitro. To accomplish this, we constructed a recombinant adenoviral vector encoding the CEA cDNA inserted downstream of a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter (AdCMVCEA). D54 MG cells were transfected with AdCMVCEA or an adenoviral vector encoding lacZ reporter gene as a control (AdCMVlacZ). LS174T human colon cancer cells, known to express CEA constitutively, served as positive controls. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry assays employing unlabeled anti-CEA COL-1 monoclonal antibody demonstrated expression of CEA antigen on the cell surface of transduced D54 MG cells in culture. In addition, assays utilizing 125I-labeled COL-1 indicated high binding to transduced D54 MG cells expressing CEA (4.7 +/- 0.5 x 10(5) COL-1 molecules bound per cell) as compared with minimal binding to nontransduced D54 MG cells. LS174T cells demonstrated only 2.7 +/- 0.5 x 10(6) COL-1 molecules bound per cell. Thus, AdCMVCEA was able to induce levels of cell surface CEA in target cells at a higher level than CEA-overexpressing tumor cells (P < 0.01). The efficacy of transduction of recombinant AdCMVCEA by direct intratumoral injection into D54 MG xenografts was investigated by immunohistochemical analysis, immunofluorescence and by measuring 131I-labeled COL-1 uptake through external scintigraphic imaging and biodistribution studies. Expression of CEA in the tumor xenografts by, and radiolabeled antibody tumor targeting to, AdCMVCEA transduced D54 MG xenografts was comparable to that seen with LS174T xenografts. Results of these studies indicate the potential of adenovirus-mediated delivery of targets to improve radiopharmaceutical tumor localization.
Expression of p53 during mouse embryogenesis (1991)

By in situ hybridisation we have examined the expression of p53 during mouse embryogenesis from day 8.5 to day 18.5 post coitum (p.c.). High levels of p53 mRNA were detected in all cells of the day 8.5 p.c. and 10.5 p.c. mouse embryo. However, at later stages of development, expression became more pronounced during differentiation of specific tissues e.g. of the brain, liver, lung, thymus, intestine, salivary gland and kidney. In cells undergoing terminal differentiation, the level of p53 mRNA declined strongly. In the brain, hybridisation signals were also observed in postmitotic but not yet terminally differentiated cells. Therefore, gene expression of p53 does not appear to be linked with cellular proliferation in this organ. A proposed role for p53 in cellular differentiation is discussed.
Design, Synthesis, and Binding Affinities of Pyrrolinone-Based Somatostatin Mimetics (2005)

[structure: see text] Tetrapyrrolinone somatostatin (SRIF) mimetics (cf. 1), based on a heterochiral (D,L-mixed) pyrrolinone scaffold, were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for biological activity. The iterative synthetic sequence, incorporating the requisite functionalized coded and noncoded amino acid side chains, comprised a longest linear synthetic sequence of 23 steps. Binding affinities at two somatostatin receptor subtypes (hsst 4 and 5) reveal micromolar activity, demonstrating that the d,l-mixed pyrrolinone scaffold can be employed to generate functional mimetics of peptide beta-turns.
Efficiency of Conditionally Attenuated Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium in Bacterium-Mediated Tumor Therapy (2015)

Cancer has become the second most frequent cause of death in industrialized countries. This and the drawbacks of routine therapies generate an urgent need for novel treatment options. Applying appropriately modified S. Typhimurium for therapy represents the major challenge of bacterium-mediated tumor therapy. In the present study, we demonstrated that Salmonella bacteria conditionally modified in their LPS phenotype exhibit a safe tumor-targeting phenotype. Moreover, they could represent a suitable vehicle to shuttle therapeutic compounds directly into cancerous tissue without harming the host.
Direct Cortical Control of 3D Neuroprosthetic Devices (2002)

Three-dimensional (3D) movement of neuroprosthetic devices can be controlled by the activity of cortical neurons when appropriate algorithms are used to decode intended movement in real time. Previous studies assumed that neurons maintain fixed tuning properties, and the studies used subjects who were unaware of the movements predicted by their recorded units. In this study, subjects had real-time visual feedback of their brain-controlled trajectories. Cell tuning properties changed when used for brain-controlled movements. By using control algorithms that track these changes, subjects made long sequences of 3D movements using far fewer cortical units than expected. Daily practice improved movement accuracy and the directional tuning of these units.
Quantitative Trait Loci in Genetically Hypertensive Rats (1996)

We performed a total genome screen in an F2 cross derived from the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat and the normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rat. Blood pressure at baseline and after 1% NaCl was measured by radiotelemetry; other phenotypes included heart rate, motor activity, left ventricle weight to body weight ratio, and vascular smooth muscle cell polyploidy, a measure of vascular hypertrophy. Quantitative trait loci affecting a given phenotype were mapped relative to microsatellite markers by using the MAPMAKER/QTL 1.1 computer package. We identified three blood pressure quantitative trait loci, two on rat chromosome 2 and one on rat chromosome 3. The quantitative trait loci close to genetic markers D2Mgh12 ("suggestive" linkage, with a maximal logarithm of the odds [LOD] score of 3.1) and D3Mgh16 (significant linkage, with a maximal LOD score of 5.6) showed possible sex specificity in the male F2 cohort only. This was confirmed by the likelihood ratio test for the difference in locus effects between the sexes. We also identified a new quantitative trait locus for LV hypertrophy on rat chromosome 14 ("suggestive" linkage, with a maximal LOD score of 3.1). The sex specificity of blood pressure quantitative trait loci will be important in designing congenic strains and substrains for fine genetic mapping and for identifying genes that regulate blood pressure.
The relationship of serum infliximab concentrations to clinical improvement in rheumatoid arthritis: Results from ATTRACT, a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial (2002)

These results suggest that some patients with RA may benefit from infliximab given at higher doses than 3 mg/kg or more frequently than every 8 weeks.
Use of Hoechst 33342 for cell selection from multicell systems. (1982)

Hoechst 33342 staining of multicell spheroids, three-dimensional cell clusters grown in vitro, results in a marked gradient of cellular fluorescent intensities inward from the spheroid periphery. The penetration of the dye is concentration and time dependent, so staining can be coupled with fluorescence activated cell sorting techniques to allow disaggregated single cells to be sorted or selected according to their degree of staining and therefore their depth within the spheroid. We have found the staining procedure to be highly reproducible, and to result in minimal toxicity even to the more brightly staining external cells. Comparison of this technique with others for cell selection suggests that increased resolution is available with the Hoechst technique.
Realization of Thin MC-Silicon Pert-Type Bifacial Solar Cells in Industrial Environments (2006)

We present bifacial solar cells processed with a sequence suitable for industrial production. This method uses the LPCVD silicon nitride deposition based on DCS (dichlorosilane) or BTBAS (bis-(tertiary butyl amino)-silane). The bifacial solar cell process on wafers of 200 mum thickness has the following steps: (1) boron doped BSF of R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sheet </sub> =60 ohm/sq; (2) POCl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> emitter (on front side) of R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sheet</sub> = 50-55 ohm/sq; (3) thermal oxidation of the wafer surfaces; (4) the deposition of DCS or BTBAS based LPCVD silicon nitride on either sides of the wafer (5); finger grid printing on both sides and firing; (6) edge isolation. The solar cells produced with the DCS based silicon nitride process exhibit fill factor (FF) values of 76% on p-type and 75% on n-type solar cells with a rear to front efficiency ratio eta <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rear</sub> /eta <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">front</sub> of 67% for the p-type solar cells and 43% for the n-type solar cells. The solar cells with the BTBAS silicon nitride show FF values close to 72% and eta <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rear</sub> /eta <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">front</sub> 68% for p-type solar cells
Bioavailability of Sublingual Buprenorphine (1997)

Buprenorphine administered sublingually is a promising treatment for opiate dependence. Utilizing a new, sensitive, and specific gas chromatographic electron-capture detector assay, the absolute bioavailability of sublingual buprenorphine was determined in six healthy volunteers by comparing plasma concentrations after 3- and 5-minute exposures to 2 mg sublingual and 1 mg intravenous buprenorphine. The amount of unabsorbed buprenorphine in saliva was measured after 2-, 4-, and 10-minute exposures to 2 mg sublingual buprenorphine in 12 participants. Pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed by analysis of variance; bioequivalence was evaluated by the Schuirmann two-sided test. The 3- and 5-minute sublingual exposures each allowed 29 +/- 10% bioavailability (area under the plasma concentration-time curve unextrapolated) and were bioequivalent. Buprenorphine recovered from saliva after 2-, 4-, and 10-minute exposures was, on average, 52% to 55% of dose. Increased saliva pH was correlated with decreased recovery from saliva. Study results indicate that bioavailability of sublingual buprenorphine is approximately 30%. Sublingual exposure times between 3 and 5 minutes produce equivalent results. Buprenorphine remaining in saliva causes an almost twofold overestimation of bioavailability.
Effects of Flooding the Root System of Sunflower Plants on the Cytokin in Content in the Xylem Sap (1969)

The severe chlorosis observed in the lower most of flooded sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus L. cv. Tall Single) may lie initiated by a reduction in the import of cytokinins by the stoot from the flooded root system. Experiment indicates that during 12 hours following the release of flooding, plants previously flooded for 72 hours or less recover their ability to exude sap when the root systems are aerated, and the root systems synthesize and export amino-acids to the shoot. Plants flooded for longer periods lose these abilities. The metabolic activity of the root apices declines parallel with the decline in eytnkinin concentration in the sap with increase in flooding time up to 72 hours. Flooding for 96 hours drastically reduce all four parameters of root activity. After flooding for this period there was a large increase in the number of blackened and tetrazolium-negative root apices which were in all probability dead. The correlation between the metabolic activity of the root apices and the total cytokinin content of the sap supports tbe view that root apices may be sites of cytokinin synthesis.
Combined action of amoxycillin and dicloxacillin against Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. (1985)

Combination of amoxycillin (1) and dicloxacillin (2) showed synergistic bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities against 15 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, including 3 beta-lactamase-producing strains.
Technical Advances of the Recombinant Antibody Microarray Technology Platform for Clinical Immunoproteomics (2016)

In the quest for deciphering disease-associated biomarkers, high-performing tools for multiplexed protein expression profiling of crude clinical samples will be crucial. Affinity proteomics, mainly represented by antibody-based microarrays, have during recent years been established as a proteomic tool providing unique opportunities for parallelized protein expression profiling. But despite the progress, several main technical features and assay procedures remains to be (fully) resolved. Among these issues, the handling of protein microarray data, i.e. the biostatistics parts, is one of the key features to solve. In this study, we have therefore further optimized, validated, and standardized our in-house designed recombinant antibody microarray technology platform. To this end, we addressed the main remaining technical issues (e.g. antibody quality, array production, sample labelling, and selected assay conditions) and most importantly key biostatistics subjects (e.g. array data pre-processing and biomarker panel condensation). This represents one of the first antibody array studies in which these key biostatistics subjects have been studied in detail. Here, we thus present the next generation of the recombinant antibody microarray technology platform designed for clinical immunoproteomics.
Induction of prostate tumor-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in vitro using antigen-presenting cells pulsed with prostatic acid phosphatase peptide (1998)

Our results indicate that CTL precursors to the PAP gene product exist and could be potentially recruited to elicit an antitumor response. Thus, PAP is a suitable antigen for inclusion in prostate cancer vaccines.
Power-System Frequency and Stability Control using Decentralized Intelligent Loads (2006)

Modern power systems operate on the premise that the load is uncontrollable and that system voltage, frequency and stability are primarily maintained through control of the generation. In this paper, we challenge this premise by proposing a much more active role for intelligent loads specifically related to frequency control and dynamic stability. In modern systems the load is typically only controlled under severe stability conditions via load shedding. Recent research has demonstrated that many loads could cost-effectively become intelligent, allowing for the potential of the loads to more actively participate in system operation and control. The potential benefits of active load control are investigated. Also, reliability and implementation issues are explored. Fundamental analysis and multi-machine system simulation examples are used to demonstrate many of the issues
Inhibitory Effect of Lichen Metabolites and their Synthetic Analogues on Melanin Biosynthesis in Cultured B-l6 Mouse Melanoma Cells (1998)

The analogues of lichen components showing anti-tyrosinase activities were synthesized. 4-Alkylresorcinol derivatives showed both the inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity in B-16 melanona cells at the doses of 10 mM to 1.2 mM. Resorcinol and 4-methylresorcinol showed the inhibitory effect with a low cytotoxicity at the doses of 2.5 mM and 600 μM among 4-alkylresorcinols, respectively. Some diphenylmethane derivatives (Type A, B, and C) had strong activities with a low cytotoxicity. While xanthene derivatives had no effect. Glucosides of 4,5-alkylresorcinol and the diphenylmethaney derivative (Type B) were prepared to decrease the cytotoxicity. As result, no effect were observed. Liposome of the diphenylmethane derivative (Type B) was prepared for the same purpose, and the later showed a remarkable effect at the dose at 1.5 μM with a low cytotoxicity.
TSG101/Mammalian VPS23 and Mammalian VPS28 Interact Directly and Are Recruited to VPS4-induced Endosomes (2001)

Class E vacuolar protein sorting (vps) proteins are required for appropriate sorting of receptors within the yeast endocytic pathway, and most probably function in the biogenesis of multivesicular bodies. We have identified the mammalian orthologue of Vps28p as a 221- amino acid cytosolic protein that interacts with TSG101/mammalian VPS23 to form part of a multiprotein complex. Co-immunoprecipitation and cross-linking experiments demonstrated that hVPS28 and TSG101 interact directly and that binding requires structural information within the conserved C-terminal portion of TSG101. TSG101 and hVPS28 are predominantly cytosolic. However, when endosomal vacuolization was induced by the expression of a dominant-negative mutant of another class E vps protein, human VPS4, a portion of both TSG101 and hVPS28 translocated to the surface of these vacuoles. We conclude that TSG101 and its interacting components are directly involved in endosomal sorting.
Differential regulation of maternal and paternal chromosome condensation in mitotic zygotes (2002)

A-kinase anchoring protein AKAP95 is implicated in somatic mitotic chromosome condensation by recruiting the condensin complex. Here, we report a differential regulation of condensation of maternal and paternal chromosomes mediated by AKAP95 in mitotic mouse zygotes. AKAP95 is synthesized upon oocyte activation, targeted to the female pronucleus and specifically associates with maternal chromosomes at mitosis. AKAP95 mRNA is highly restricted to the vicinity of the meiotic spindle in metaphase II oocytes. In vivo displacement of endogenous AKAP95 in female pronuclei by microinjection of competitor peptides and rescue experiments show that AKPA95 is required for recruitment of the mCAP-D2 condensin subunit to, and condensation of, maternal chromosomes. In contrast, AKAP95 is dispensable for mCAP-D2 recruitment to, and condensation of, paternal chromosomes. Our results indicate that at first embryonic mitosis, paternal chromosomes target condensins and condense independently of AKAP95, whereas maternal chromosomes require AKAP95 for condensin recruitment and condensation. We propose a concept whereby condensation of chromosomes in gametes, zygotes and somatic cells involves related but distinct mechanisms.
Exploring Expression Data: Identification and Analysis of Coexpressed Genes (1999)

Analysis procedures are needed to extract useful information from the large amount of gene expression data that is becoming available. This work describes a set of analytical tools and their application to yeast cell cycle data. The components of our approach are (1) a similarity measure that reduces the number of false positives, (2) a new clustering algorithm designed specifically for grouping gene expression patterns, and (3) an interactive graphical cluster analysis tool that allows user feedback and validation. We use the clusters generated by our algorithm to summarize genome-wide expression and to initiate supervised clustering of genes into biologically meaningful groups.
Complementary and alternative medicine use and cost in functional bowel disorders: A six month prospective study in a large HMO (2008)

CAM is used by one-third of FBD patients. CAM use does not seem to be driven by dissatisfaction with conventional care. Physicians should discuss CAM use and effectiveness with their patients and refer patients if appropriate.