gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Navier-Stokes Equations with Navier Boundary Condition (2018)

We study the stationary Stokes and Navier-Stokes equations with nonhomogeneous Navier boundary condition in a bounded domain R 3 of class C 1,1 .We prove the existence, uniqueness of weak and strong solutions in W 1,p () and W 2,p () for all 1 < p < considering minimal regularity on the friction coefficient .Moreover, we deduce estimates to analyze the behavior of the solution with respect to , in particular when .
The Exchange of Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) and Arg-Tyr-Asp (RYD) Binding Sequences in a Recombinant Murine Fab Fragment Specific for the Integrin αIIbβ3 Does Not Alter Integrin Recognition (1995)

The murine monoclonal antibody OPG2 is an excellent paradigm of natural RGD ligands and binds specifically to alpha IIb beta 3 integrin. A reactive Arg103-Tyr104-Asp105 (RYD) tripeptide is located in an extended loop, the third complementarity-determining region of the heavy chain (H3). When compared to other RGD ligands, the RYD tripeptide of OPG2 is unique, in that the side chains are fixed in a stable orientation that we have defined by x-ray crystallography. In this study, we express OPG2 H chain segments (Fd) and kappa chains as components of active, Fab heterodimers by coinfection of Spodoptera frugiperda cell lines with recombinant baculoviruses containing cDNA specific for each protein. Recombinant AP7 Fd segments are generated from the parent OPG2 Fd segments by replacement of Tyr104 with Gly, while recombinant AP7E Fd segments are produced from AP7 Fd segments, by exchange of Asp105 with Glu. Neither the free Fd segments nor the free kappa chains of OPG2 or AP7 can bind to alpha IIb beta 3. The AP7 Fab fragment, like the parent OPG2 Fab, binds strongly to purified alpha IIb beta 3 but weakly, if at all, to purified alpha V beta 3. The affinity of OPG2 and AP7 Fab fragments for gel-filtered platelets, whether nonstimulated or activated by 0.2 microM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, is identical. As with other natural RGD ligands, the binding of recombinant OPG2 Fab or AP7 Fab fragments to purified alpha IIb beta 3 or to gel-filtered platelets is completely inhibited by the peptide RGDW or by addition of EDTA, AP7E Fab fragments do not bind at all to either purified alpha IIb beta 3 or platelets. Our results demonstrate, for the first time within a natural protein ligand, that the tripeptides RGD and RYD exhibit equivalent binding capacity and specificity for the integrin alpha IIb beta 3.
Multi GPU Performance of Conjugate Gradient Solver with Staggered\n Fermions in Mixed Precision (2011)

GPU has a significantly higher performance in single-precision computing than\nthat of double precision. Hence, it is important to take a maximal advantage of\nthe single precision in the CG inverter, using the mixed precision method. We\nhave implemented mixed precision algorithm to our multi GPU conjugate gradient\nsolver. The single precision calculation use half of the memory that is used by\nthe double precision calculation, which allows twice faster data transfer in\nmemory I/O. In addition, the speed of floating point calculations is 8 times\nfaster in single precision than in double precision. The overall performance of\nour CUDA code for CG is 145 giga flops per GPU (GTX480), which does not include\nthe infiniband network communication. If we include the infiniband\ncommunication, the overall performance is 36 giga flops per GPU (GTX480).\n
Bit by Bit: Incremental Data Visualization (2008)

Not all visualizations start with complete data. Any visualization working with real-time data or uncertainty admits the possibility of new data arriving after the visualization and analysis has begun. Many traditional visualization frameworks do not treat this incremental change as significant. The solution is to reconstruct the visualization using all data thus-far accumulated. Recent progress on data dashboards and real-time visualization frameworks has illustrated a need for a more careful study of the implications of incremental data updates. We present a preliminary framework for categorizing the construction and interpretation of visualizations that explicitly acknowledge incremental data updates, focusing on the mutability of visual variables and how that affects the representation of current and historical values. Visualization schemas are categorized against this categorization and areas where new schemas may be developed are identified. This categorization step is the first step towards building a prescriptive matching between techniques, data types and tasks.
Physiological approach to heterologous human serum albumin production by Kluyveromyces lactis in chemostat culture (1994)

Production of recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA) controlled by the constitutive promoter phosphoglycerate kinase was studied in Kluyveromyces lactis. It was governed by both cell concentration and glycolytic flow. The triggering of the fermentation metabolism by unfavourable culture conditions (pH, pO2, D) caused a decrease in the synthesis of the heterologous protein. The highest productivity (75 mg l-1 per h) and rHSA concentration (62 mg l-1) were obtained in chemostat culture with a dilution rate of 0.12 h-1 and with 38 g l-1 dry weight.
The Role of Sialyl-Tn in Cancer (2016)

Activation of an aberrant glycosylation pathway in cancer cells can lead to expression of the onco-foetal sialyl-Tn (sTn) antigen. STn is a truncated O-glycan containing a sialic acid α-2,6 linked to GalNAc α-O-Ser/Thr and is linked with an adverse outcome and poor prognosis in cancer patients. The biosynthesis of the sTn antigen has been linked to the expression of the sialytransferase ST6GalNAc1, and also to mutations in and loss of heterozygosity of the COSMC gene. sTn neo- or over-expression occurs in many types of epithelial cancer including gastric, colon, breast, lung, oesophageal, prostate and endometrial cancer. sTn is believed to be carried by a variety of glycoproteins and may influence protein function and be involved in tumour development. This review discusses how the role of sTn in cancer development and tumour cell invasiveness might be organ specific and occur through different mechanisms depending on each cancer type or subtype. As the sTn-antigen is expressed early in carcinogenesis targeting sTn in cancer may enable the targeting of tumours from the earliest stage.
Arginine-Initiated Release of Human Growth Hormone (1969)

To improve the usefulness of testing pituitary function by the response of human growth hormone (HGH) to I.V. arginine loads, arginine infusions were given under a variety of conditions to healthy subjects aged 17 to 35. The minimum effective arginine load causing release of HGH was 1/6 gm per pound of body weight in men and 1/12 gm per pound of body weight in women. At each of three dosage schedules used, women responded with greater increases in plasma HGH than men. Treatment of men with diethylstilbestrol augmented their HGH response to arginine, whereas methyltestosterone pretreatment did not decrease the response in women. The HGH response to arginine was not abolished by acute hyperglycemia but was attenuated or delayed by a previous stimulus for HGH release. In the use of this test of pituitary function, it is necessary to use a proper dose of arginine, to avoid other stimuli of HGH release, and to pretreat men with estrogens.
Taxi dispatching via Global Positioning Systems (2001)

This paper empirically examines taxi dispatch operations via Global Positioning Systems (GPS) by three taxi companies. The implementation of GPS technology has radically changed the traditional approach to taxi fleet management. In comparison to the radio-paging systems used previously, the satellite-based dispatch systems have considerably enhanced the accuracy, communications, and productivity of taxi operations. However, variables associated with human-system interfaces and operational environments should be taken into account in order to achieve the full capacity of the systems. Furthermore, the reengineering of operations and the training of end-users are vital to the improvement of service quality and the development of sophisticated public transport systems.
Role of Intron I in Expression of the Human Factor IX Gene (1995)

The first intron (intron I) of the human factor IX gene, which has been previously suggested of having an expression-augmenting activity, was systematically studied for its potential enhancer activity. When tested with the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression vector with a minimal factor IX promoter, subregions of intron I showed only marginal enhancing activities (1.7-1.9-fold enhancement at the highest). Smaller subregions encompassing nucleotides 5660-6350 of the intron sequence even showed some weak negative regulatory activities (approximately 50% suppression at the highest), while a cytomegalovirus enhancer sequence, which was used as the positive control, had a 7-fold enhancement. A set of three factor IX minigene expression vectors with the same factor IX promoter were then constructed: p-416FIXc which contained the factor IX cDNA, p-416FIXm1 which contained the factor IX cDNA with a largely truncated intron I, and p-416FIXm2 which contained the factor IX cDNA with the intron I sequence further truncated. The p-416FIXm1 and p-416FIXm2 constructs showed 7-9-fold higher expression activities than p-416FIXc. The elevated factor IX antigen levels agreed well with the grossly elevated factor IX clotting activity and mRNA levels. These results indicate that the expression enhancing activity of intron I is not due to specific enhancer elements present in the intron subsequences, but is due to functional splicing sequences present in the precursor mRNAs produced from the minigene constructs containing intron I. By being efficiently assembled into spliceosome complexes, transcripts with splicing sequences may be better protected in the nucleus from random degradations than those without such sequences.
Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma (2012)

A rare type of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, intravascular large B-cell lymphoma primarily affects the middle-aged to elderly population, with a slight predominance in men. By the time of presentation, most patients have advanced, disseminated disease, and often the diagnosis is made at autopsy. Patients may present with any of a myriad of symptoms, with any tissue potentially being infiltrated. Central nervous system and cutaneous involvement is common, as is the presence of B symptoms including fever, weight loss, and night sweats. Morphologically, growth of neoplastic cells is restricted to the lumen of small vessels. The cells are large, with 1 or more prominent nucleoli, scant cytoplasm, and frequent mitotic figures, and are commonly positive for cluster of differentiation markers 79a, 20, and 19, as well as MUM1/IRF4 and Bcl-2. Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma is aggressive, and without treatment is rapidly fatal.
BCOR-CCNB3 (Ewing-like) Sarcoma (2014)

BCOR-CCNB3 fusion transcripts resulting from an X-chromosomal paracentric inversion were recently identified in a series of unclassifiable soft tissue and bone sarcomas with Ewing sarcoma-like morphology. The morphologic and clinical features of these sarcomas are, as yet, not well characterized. Here we describe the clinicopathologic features of 10 cases of BCOR-CCNB3 sarcoma and compare their clinical course with typical Ewing sarcoma. Nine of 10 patients were male, and all were 11 to 18 years of age. Seven tumors were located in the bone and 3 in the deep soft tissues. The histomorphologic spectrum was quite wide, with 7 tumors predominately showing small primitive cell morphology with angulated nuclei simulating so-called atypical Ewing sarcoma and 3 predominately showing spindle cell morphology. Recurrent and metastatic lesions showed increased cellularity and marked pleomorphism. Immunohistochemistry showed expression of CCNB3 (100%), bcl2 (90%), CD99 (60%), and CD117 (60%). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for BCOR-CCNB3 fusion transcripts was positive in all 9 cases, which yielded sufficient extracted RNA. Five- and 10-year survival rates were 75% and 56%, respectively. BCOR-CCNB3 sarcomas located in axial skeleton and soft tissues showed a significantly shorter survival. The Ewing sarcoma overall survival was not statistically different, although there was a trend for longer survival of patients with BCOR-CCNB3 sarcomas in the extremities. In conclusion, this study provides a detailed description of the histologic spectrum, immunohistochemical features, and clinical characteristic of BCOR-CCNB3 sarcoma justifying distinction from Ewing sarcoma with its typical EWS/FUS-ETS translocations. Ideally immunohistochemistry is used in combination with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for definitive diagnosis.
Induced pluripotent stem cell–derived human platelets: one step closer to the clinic (2010)

The era of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells carries with it the promise of virtually unlimited sources of autologous cells for regenerative medicine. However, efficiently differentiating iPS cells into fully functional mature cell types remains challenging. A new study reporting the formation of fully functional platelets from human iPS (hiPS) cells improves upon recent efforts to generate this enucleated cell type, which remains in high demand for therapeutic transfusions. Notably, their lack of nucleus renders platelets unable to retain the pluripotent or tumorigenic properties of iPS cells.
Relative sensitivity and specificity of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level compared with age-referenced PSA, PSA density, and PSA change (1994)

None of the alternative indexes commonly used in general early detection practice demonstrated particular advantage when compared with the normal PSA concentration, defined as no more than 4.0 ng/ml.
Quantum efficiency independence of the time integrated emission from a fluorescent molecule (1976)

The sensitivity of chemical or biological analyses using fluorescent tagged reagents is limited by concentration quenching of the fluorescence at high tag concentrations and by photochemical bleaching if high illumination intensities are used. This paper shows by theoretical analysis and experimental verification that concentration quenching lengthens bleaching lifetimes, and the integrated fluorescent emission obtained on complete bleaching is invariant with fluorescent quantum efficiency, absorption cross section, and the illumination's intensity and duration. This can be used to produce extremely sensitive fluorescent tagging procedes. The procedure also improves photometric reproducibility, allows a fluorescent stain to act as a probe of several properties in its microenvironment, and allows sample background differentiation even when the free stain background is more fluorescent than the bound one.
Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery Systems (2007)

Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery Systems: An Overview. Nanosuspensions for Parenteral Delivery. Nanoparticles Prepared Using Natural and Synthetic Polymers. Nanofiber-based Drug Delivery. Drug Nanocrystals: The Universal Formulation Approach for Poorly Soluble Drugs. Lipid Based Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery Systems. Nanoengineering of Drug Delivery Systems. Aerosol Flow Reactor Method for the Synthesis of Multi Component Drug Nano and Micron Particles. Supercooled Smectic Nanoparticles. Biological and Engineering Considerations for Developing Tumor Targeting Metallic Nanoparticles Drug Delivery Systems. Biological Requirements for Nano Therapeutic Applications. Role of Nanobiotechnology in the Development of Nanomedicine. Pharmaceutical Applications of Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery Systems. Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN and NLC) in Cosmetic, Dermal and Transdermal Applications. Nano Carriers of Drugs and Genes for the Treatment of Restenosis. Ocular Applications. Nanoparticulate Systems for CNS Drug Delivery. Nanoparticles for Gene Delivery: Formulation Characteristics. GI Applications. Nanoparticles as Adjuvants for Vaccination. Transdermal Applications of Nanoparticulate Delivery Systems.
Inhibition of dendritic cell maturation by herpes simplex virus (1999)

Maturation of dendritic cells (DC), leading to migration and increased T cell stimulatory capacity, is essential for the initiation of immune responses. This process is triggered by a variety of stimuli, such as inflammatory cytokines, bacterial and viral products. Using a recombinant disabled infectious single cycle herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) encoding green fluorescent protein, we show that the infected DC are defective in up-regulating co-stimulatory molecules, do not produce cytokines, and do not acquire responsiveness to chemokines required for migration to secondary lymphoid organs. These results reveal yet another strategy used by HSV-1 to evade the immune response, namely the inhibition of signaling pathways involved in DC maturation.
Optimal Sampling in a Noisy Genetic Algorithm for Risk-Based Remediation Design (2001)

A management model has been developed that predicts human health risk and uses a noisy genetic algorithm to identify promising risk-based corrective action designs. Noisy genetic algorithms are ordinary genetic algorithms that operate in noisy environments. The "noise" can be defined as any factor that hinders the accurate evaluation of the fitness of a given trial design. The noisy genetic algorithm uses a type of noisy fitness function called the sampling fitness function, which utilizes sampling in order to reduce the amount of noise from fitness evaluations in noisy environments. This Monte-Carlo-type sampling provides a more realistic estimate of the fitness as the design is exposed to a wide variety of conditions. Unlike Monte Carlo simulation modeling, however, the noisy genetic algorithm is highly efficient and can identify robust designs with only a few samples per design. For complex water resources and environmental engineering design problems with complex fitness functions, however, it is important that the sampling be as efficient as possible. In this paper, methods for reducing the computational effort through improved sampling techniques are investigated. A number of different sampling approaches will be presented and their performance compared using a case study of a risk-based corrective action design.
TREND ANALYSIS OF THE INCLUSIVE GROWTH ORIENTATION AMONG DEVELOPING COUNTRIES (2015)

The inclusive growth has been the focus areas of the recent times. The governments across world have strived for the inclusive growth. The inclusive growth has been a challenge for the developing world where the basic needs of the populations have not been achieved. The developing countries have under the banner of the United Nations Framework. This paper focuses on the recent trends in the developmental agenda and its impact on the inclusive growth among the developing countries. The work also undertakes the analysis of the growth orientation framework of the developing countries.
DNA Helicase Activity of the RecD Protein from Deinococcus radiodurans (2004)

The bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans is extremely resistant to high levels of DNA-damaging agents, including gamma rays and ultraviolet light that can lead to double-stranded DNA breaks. Surprisingly, the organism does not appear to have a RecBCD enzyme, an enzyme that is critical for double-strand break repair in many other bacteria. The D. radiodurans genome does encode a protein whose closest characterized homologues are RecD subunits of RecBCD enzymes in other bacteria. We have purified this novel D. radiodurans RecD protein and characterized its biochemical activities. The D. radiodurans RecD protein is a DNA helicase that unwinds short (20 base pairs) DNA duplexes with either a 5'-single-stranded tail or a forked end, but not blunt-ended or 3'-tailed duplexes. Duplexes with 10-12 nucleotide (nt) 5'-tails are good unwinding substrates and are bound tightly, while DNA with shorter tails (4-8 nt) are poor unwinding substrates and are bound much less tightly. The RecD protein is much less efficient at unwinding slightly longer substrates (52 or 76 base pairs, with 12 nt 5'-tails). Unwinding of the longer substrates is stimulated somewhat (4-5-fold) by the single-stranded DNA-binding protein from D. radiodurans. These results show that the D. radiodurans RecD protein is a DNA helicase with 5'-3' polarity and low processivity.
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: current treatment approaches. (2012)

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most commonly occurring lymphoid malignancy. While a series of trials support R-CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone, plus rituximab)-21 as the standard of care for all patients, DLBCL has substantial biological and clinical heterogeneity, leading to marked differences in outcomes for disease subgroups. We examine clinical, biological, and functional imaging techniques for risk-stratifying patients, and we review approaches for dose intensification in the rituximab era that are aimed at improving outcomes for poor-risk patients. Together, the results achieved with these measures indicate no particular benefit for administering R-CHOP-14 vs R-CHOP-21 in older or younger patients with DLBCL, highlight opportunities for future studies of young patients with high-risk DLBCL, and suggest the promise of biologic risk stratification. Such approaches will provide key opportunities for further advances in the treatment of DLBCL, given that chemotherapy intensification appears to provide limited additional benefits over the current standard of care.
Current Issues in Cancer: Multiple myeloma (1994)

Multiple myeloma occurs in over 2000 new patients in England and Wales each year. It presents most frequently as bone pain and patients tend to become dehydrated and may develop renal failure. No available treatment is curative, but about two thirds of patients achieve a stable response with low dose combination chemotherapy. Combination chemotherapy including doxorubicin and carmustine with the alkylating agents cyclophosphamide and melphalan achieve a higher stable response rate than conventional treatment with melphalan and prednisone without additional haematological toxicity. These responses are associated with loss of bone pain and patients remain symptom free for months without further treatment. Relapse occurs on average in a little under two years and, though second responses are frequently obtained, the disease eventually becomes refractory. This paper looks at who should be treated and the benefits that may be expected from the treatments available.
Keeping abreast of the mammary epithelial hierarchy and breast tumorigenesis (2009)

The epithelium of the mammary gland exists in a highly dynamic state, undergoing dramatic morphogenetic changes during puberty, pregnancy, lactation, and regression. The recent identification of stem and progenitor populations in mouse and human mammary tissue has provided evidence that the mammary epithelium is organized in a hierarchical manner. Characterization of these normal epithelial subtypes is an important step toward understanding which cells are predisposed to oncogenesis. This review summarizes progress in the field toward defining constituent cells and key molecular regulators of the mammary epithelial hierarchy. Potential relationships between normal epithelial populations and breast tumor subtypes are discussed, with implications for understanding the cellular etiology underpinning breast tumor heterogeneity.