gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Examination of Factors Moderating the Success of Private Label Brands: A Study of the Packaged Food Market in China (2008)

ABSTRACT The major objective of this study is to explore how different determinants of perceived risk help explain variations in purchasing preferences for national brands versus private label brands (PLB) of the packaged food market in urban China. We selected the Chinese packaged food market because it is “one of the most rapidly fastest growing markets” in the world (Wu & Deng, 2002 Wu, S. and Deng, H. . Do you want a Big Mac or rice?. Report on the fast food industry in China. Agriculture and Agri-Food Section: Canadian Consulate General in Shanghai. April, [Google Scholar]). Following a description of the Chinese market, we build our conceptual framework by combining the PLB literature with searching versus experience, price consciousness, and product quality literature. Using the data we collected in GuangZhou, Shenzhen, and Shanghai cities, we find both their direct and indirect effects. Supporting theory-based expectations, we find that (1) PLB purchase in a category increases when consumers perceive reduced consequences of making a mistake in brand choice in that category; (2) when that category has more “search” than “experience” characteristics; and (3) consumer's degree of price consciousness in that category, through which we brought in PLB-favoring variables such as lower incomes, high deal-proneness, and a decreased belief in price-quality associations. We discuss our results in light of the managerial and theoretical implications, especially the important role played by “experience” attributes in leading consumers to favor national brands over PLBs.
Effect of point of care testing for C reactive protein and training in communication skills on antibiotic use in lower respiratory tract infections: cluster randomised trial (2009)

Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN85154857.
Planar quartz chips with submicron channels for two-dimensional capillary electrophoresis applications (1998)

We have fabricated a planar chip on a fused quartz substrate with a two-dimensional channel array for capillary electrophoresis applications. The first separation dimension consists of a single channel 16 mm long, 80 m wide and 3-7 m deep; the second separation dimension of an array of 500 channels, 5 mm long, 900 nm wide and 3-6 m deep. The channels were fabricated using reactive ion etching under maximum anisotropic etching conditions, yielding an aspect ratio of up to 5 for the narrow channels. The microchannels were closed using a novel NaOH assisted bonding technique.
Coherent Josephson Qubit Suitable for Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits (2013)

We demonstrate a planar, tunable superconducting qubit with energy relaxation times up to 44 μs. This is achieved by using a geometry designed to both minimize radiative loss and reduce coupling to materials-related defects. At these levels of coherence, we find a fine structure in the qubit energy lifetime as a function of frequency, indicating the presence of a sparse population of incoherent, weakly coupled two-level defects. We elucidate this defect physics by experimentally varying the geometry and by a model analysis. Our "Xmon" qubit combines facile fabrication, straightforward connectivity, fast control, and long coherence, opening a viable route to constructing a chip-based quantum computer.
Microsoft Office XP Inside Out (2001)

From the Publisher:
Microsoft Office XP Inside Out is the foremost reference to Office XP for PC super users. Complete in one volume, this book gives you a thorough overview of Microsoft?s popular productivity suite and its new knowledge-sharing features and functions. The book provides the information advanced user really need with no beginner content included. Then it delivers in-depth information about each major Office XP application and tool, including Microsoft Excel, Word, PowerPoint®, Microsoft Access, Outlook®, Publisher, FrontPage®, and Microsoft Small Business tools. 
The book also shows how to integrate Office XP applications by sharing data, using the Office Binder program, and other techniques, and it demonstrates how to use the Microsoft Visual Basic® development system to master Office XP by building macros, using variables, operators, and functions to manage operations, using control structures to modify the user interface, and working with application objects. Throughout the book you?ll find a wealth of timesaving Office tips and tricks, troubleshooting techniques, and indexes, plus a CD-ROM that holds an electronic version of the book?s text, handy Web links, sample macros and code, tutorials, utilities, and additional third party software. This is the authoritative handbook you?ll keep by your computer and use whenever you?re stuck or stumped!
Mining hidden community in heterogeneous social networks (2005)

Social network analysis has attracted much attention in recent years. Community mining is one of the major directions in social network analysis. Most of the existing methods on community mining assume that there is only one kind of relation in the network, and moreover, the mining results are independent of the users' needs or preferences. However, in reality, there exist multiple, heterogeneous social networks, each representing a particular kind of relationship, and each kind of relationship may play a distinct role in a particular task. Thus mining networks by assuming only one kind of relation may miss a lot of valuable hidden community information and may not be adaptable to the diverse information needs from different users.In this paper, we systematically analyze the problem of mining hidden communities on heterogeneous social networks. Based on the observation that different relations have different importance with respect to a certain query, we propose a new method for learning an optimal linear combination of these relations which can best meet the user's expectation. With the obtained relation, better performance can be achieved for community mining. Our approach to social network analysis and community mining represents a major shift in methodology from the traditional one, a shift from single-network, user-independent analysis to multi-network, user-dependant, and query-based analysis. Experimental results on Iris data set and DBLP data set demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Recent Advances in the Imaging of Programmed Cell Death (2004)

A deficiency or an excess of programmed cell death (apoptosis) is an integral component of autoimmune disorders, organ and bone marrow transplant rejection, and cancer. A technique to image programmed cell death would be useful in the development of drugs to treat these and others diseases, and to monitor the effectiveness of therapy. The most widely studied agent for the in vivo study of apoptosis is radiolabeled annexin V, an endogenous protein labeled with technectium-99m, now undergoing clinical trials in both Europe and the United States. While annexin V has been studied extensively in humans the precise mechanism(s) of uptake of this agent in vivo is unclear and needs further study. Other agents are also underdevelopment including radiolabeled forms of Z-VAD.fmk, a potent inhibitor of the enzymatic cascade intimately associated with apoptosis. MR imaging techniques and tracers also hold promise as methods to monitor apoptotic cell death. In this article we will review these and other imaging technologies for the non-invasive imaging of cell death. The mechanism(s) and latest data on the conditions in which cellular stress and early apoptosis occur will also be discussed in detail including potential new strategies for the targeting and novel therapeutic interventions of tissues and organs undergoing stress or apoptosis when cell salvage is still possible.
The Group B Streptococcal C5a Peptidase Is Both a Specific Protease and an Invasin (2002)

The group B streptococcus (GBS) is a major cause of pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis in neonates and a serious cause of mortality or morbidity in immunocompromised adults. Although these streptococci adhere efficiently and invade a variety of tissue-specific epithelial and endothelial cells, adhesins and invasins are still unknown. All serotypes of GBS studied to date express C5a peptidase (SCPB) on their surface. This investigation addresses the possibility that this relatively large surface protein has additional activities. Rabbit anti-SCPB serum inhibited invasion of lung epithelial A549 cells by the serotype Ia strain O90R, suggesting that SCPB is an invasin. This was confirmed by inserting an in-frame 25-amino-acid deletion into the scpB gene. Invasion of HEp2 and A549 human cell lines was significantly reduced by the mutation. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to demonstrate that purified SCPB protein binds directly to HEp2 and A549 cells and also binds the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin. Binding was dose dependent and saturable. These results suggested that SCPB is one of several potential invasins essential for GBS colonization of damaged epithelium.
The Directed Differentiation of Human iPS Cells into Kidney Podocytes (2012)

The loss of glomerular podocytes is a key event in the progression of chronic kidney disease resulting in proteinuria and declining function. Podocytes are slow cycling cells that are considered terminally differentiated. Here we provide the first report of the directed differentiation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells to generate kidney cells with podocyte features. The iPS-derived podocytes share a morphological phenotype analogous with cultured human podocytes. Following 10 days of directed differentiation, iPS podocytes had an up-regulated expression of mRNA and protein localization for podocyte markers including synaptopodin, nephrin and Wilm's tumour protein (WT1), combined with a down-regulation of the stem cell marker OCT3/4. In contrast to human podocytes that become quiescent in culture, iPS-derived cells maintain a proliferative capacity suggestive of a more immature phenotype. The transduction of iPS podocytes with fluorescent labeled-talin that were immunostained with podocin showed a cytoplasmic contractile response to angiotensin II (AII). A permeability assay provided functional evidence of albumin uptake in the cytoplasm of iPS podocytes comparable to human podocytes. Moreover, labeled iPS-derived podocytes were found to integrate into reaggregated metanephric kidney explants where they incorporated into developing glomeruli and co-expressed WT1. This study establishes the differentiation of iPS cells to kidney podocytes that will be useful for screening new treatments, understanding podocyte pathogenesis, and offering possibilities for regenerative medicine.
Novel Neuroprotective Tripeptides and Dipeptides (2005)

It has long been recognized that thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and certain TRH analogues are neuroprotective in a variety of animal models of CNS trauma. In addition to these neuroprotective actions, TRH and most TRH analogues have other physiological actions that may not be desirable for treatment of acute injury, such as analeptic, autonomic, and endocrine effects. We have developed a series of dual-substituted TRH analogues that have strong neuroprotective actions, but are largely devoid of these other physiological actions. In addition, we have developed a family of cyclized dipeptides (diketopiperazines), structurally somewhat related to a metabolic product of TRH, that appear even more effective as neuroprotective agents in vitro and in vivo, and may have nootropic properties. Here, we review these novel tripeptide and dipeptide compounds.
Early Signals in the Mitogenic Response (1986)

Polypeptide growth factors, regulatory peptides, and a variety of pharmacological agents acting alone or synergistically induce mitogenesis in cultured fibroblasts. The early signals in the membrane, cytosol, and nucleus promoted by these extracellular factors, together with their mitogenic effectiveness, are integrated in a unified hypothesis for the regulation of fibroblast growth.
Bandwidth Extension of Narrowband Speech using Soft-decision Vector Quantization (2006)

Vector Quantization (VQ) is normally used to extend the spectral envelope of narrowband speech into that of the wideband speech. This paper proposes a novel soft-decision approach for VQ and it can be shown that the result is better than the direct method as well as the interpolated VQ method. The resulting cepstral wideband coefficients are obtained using a weighted combination of several set of coefficients in the codebook. The weighting factors are determined by an inverse-distance formula.
Thermal coefficients of the expansion and refractive index in YAG (1999)

The thermal expansion coefficient and dn/dT are measured by interferometry techniques in undoped YAG below 300 K. The thermal expansion coefficient at 125 K is measured to be 2.70 x 10(-6) K(-1) and dn/dT at 633 nm is 2.5 x 10(-6) K(-1), compared with 7 x 10(-6) K(-1) and 9 x 10(-6) K(-1) for these quantities at 300 K.
Physical Mapping of the liguleless Linkage Group in Sorghum bicolor Using Rice RFLP-Selected Sorghum BACs (1998)

Physical mapping of BACs by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to analyze the liguleless (lg-1) linkage group in sorghum and compare it to the conserved region in rice and maize. Six liguleless-associated rice restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers were used to select 16 homeologous sorghum BACs, which were in turn used to physically map the liguleless linkage group in sorghum. Results show a basic conservation of the liguleless region in sorghum relative to the linkage map of rice. One marker which is distal in rice is more medial in sorghum, and another marker which is found within the linkage group in rice is on a different chromosome in sorghum. BACs associated with linkage group I hybridize to chromosome It, which was identified by using FISH in a sorghum cytogenetic stock trisomic for chromosome I (denoted It), and a BAC associated with linkage group E hybridized to an unidentified chromosome. Selected BACs, representing RFLP loci, were end-cloned for RFLP mapping, and the relative linkage order of these clones was in full agreement with the physical data. Similarities in locus order and the association of RFLP-selected BAC markers with two different chromosomes were found to exist between the linkage map of the liguleless region in maize and the physical map of the liguleless region in sorghum.
Design Automation Challenges for Microfluidics-Based Biochips* (2005)

Microfluidics-based biochips are soon expected to revolutionize clinical diagnosis, DNA sequencing, and other laboratory procedures involving molecular biology. As more bioassays are executed concurrently on a biochip, system integration and design complexity are expected to increase dramatically. Current techniques for full-custom design of digital microfluidic biochips however do not scale well for concurrent assays and for next-generation systemon-chip (SOC) designs that are expected to include fluidic components. We present here an overview of an integrated system-level design methodology that attempts to address key issues in the synthesis, testing and reconfiguration of digital microfluidics-based biochips. The proposed topdown design automation approach is expected to relieve biochip users from the burden of manual optimization of bioassays, time-consuming hardware design, and costly testing and maintenance procedures.
Experimental phase diagram of zero-bias conductance peaks in superconductor/semiconductor nanowire devices (2017)

Topological superconductivity is an exotic state of matter characterized by spinless p-wave Cooper pairing of electrons and by Majorana zero modes at the edges. The first signature of topological superconductivity is a robust zero-bias peak in tunneling conductance. We perform tunneling experiments on semiconductor nanowires (InSb) coupled to superconductors (NbTiN) and establish the zero-bias peak phase in the space of gate voltage and external magnetic field. Our findings are consistent with calculations for a finite-length topological nanowire and provide means for Majorana manipulation as required for braiding and topological quantum bits.
Recombinant diphtheria toxin derivatives: Perspectives of application (2012)

Diphtheria toxin (DT) is a unique bacterial protein, which selectively kills certain cell populations due to strict functional specialization of domains that allows using this toxin in protein engineering for constructing recombinant derivatives with defined properties. The article covers structural and functional features of DT molecule, both fundamental and practical aspects of recombinant DT derivatives' applications in different fields. In particular, applications of recombinant DT derivatives as unique instruments for fundamental research of cell receptors' functions, mechanism of DT action and participation of different cell populations in biological processes are presented. Perspectives of recombinant DT derivatives practical applications for the development of vaccines, cytotoxins, HB-EGF blockers, diagnostic test-systems, serotherapeutic medications and constructions for drug delivery have been discussed. This review reflects recent advances and current problems in using recombinant DT derivatives for treatment and prophylaxis of oncologic, autoimmune, infectious and others diseases.
Development of a Biofilm Production-Deficient Escherichia coli Strain as a Host for Biotechnological Applications (2006)

Bacteria form biofilms by adhering to biotic or abiotic surfaces. This phenomenon causes several problems, including a reduction in the transport of mass and heat, an increase in resistance to antibiotics, and a shortening of the lifetimes of modules in bioindustrial fermentors. To overcome these difficulties, we created a biofilm production-deficient Escherichia coli strain, BD123, by deleting genes involved in curli biosynthesis and assembly, Delta(csgG-csgC); colanic acid biosynthesis and assembly, Delta(wcaL-wza); and type I pilus biosynthesis, Delta(fimB-fimH). E. coli BD123 remained mostly in the form of planktonic cells under the conditions tested and became more sensitive to the antibiotics streptomycin and rifampin than the wild-type E. coli MG1655: the growth of BD123 was inhibited by one-fourth of the concentrations needed to inhibit MG1655. In addition, the transformation efficiency of BD123 was about 20 times higher than that of MG1655, and the production and secretion of recombinant proteins were approximately 16% and approximately 25% greater, respectively, with BD123 than with MG1655. These results indicate that the newly created biofilm production-deficient strain of E. coli displays several key properties that substantially enhance its utility in the biotechnology arena.
A Photolabile Linker for the Mild and Selective Cleavage of Enriched Biomolecules from Solid Support (2009)

Selective release of enriched biomolecules from solid support is a desirable goal in proteomic and metabolomic studies. Here we demonstrate that photocleavage of a light-sensitive phenacyl ester bond is a suitable alternative cleavage strategy for the selective release of enriched biomolecules form avidin beads circumventing the disadvantages of conventional heat denaturation procedures.
The use of barium salts of protected deoxyribonudeoside-3′ p-chlorophenyl phosphates for construction of oligonucleotides by the phosphotriester method: high-yield synthesis of dinucleotide blocks (1979)

A new experimental approach to the synthesis of polydeoxyribonucleotides via the phosphotriester method involves construction of oligonucleotide blocks by direct use of the easily prepared barium salts of O5',N-protected deoxyribonucleoside-3' p-chlorophenyl phosphates as the key monomers in condensation reactions. The procedure has been demonstrated by the rapid synthesis in high yield and purity of all sixteen fuly protected dinucleotides (Formula: see text) (where dN' = dT, dbzC, dbzA, or dibG; (Formula: see text) This set of molecules constitutes a "syllabary" for the preparation of defined sequence oligonucleotides.
American College of Rheumatology/Spondylitis Association of America/Spondyloarthritis Research and Treatment Network 2015 Recommendations for the Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis and Nonradiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis (2015)

These recommendations provide guidance for the management of common clinical questions in AS and nonradiographic axial SpA. Additional research on optimal medication management over time, disease monitoring, and preventive care is needed to help establish best practices in these areas.
Human Dendritic Cells Skew Isotype Switching of CD40-activated Naive B Cells towards IgA1 and IgA2 (1997)

Within T cell-rich areas of secondary lymphoid organs, interdigitating dendritic cells recruit antigen-specific T cells that then induce B cells to secrete Igs. This study investigates the possible role(s) of dendritic cells in the regulation of human B cell responses. In the absence of exogenous cytokines, in vitro generated dendritic cells (referred to as Dendritic Langerhans cells, D-Lc) induced surface IgA expression on approximately 10% of CD40-activated naive sIgD+ B cells. In the presence of IL-10 and TGF-beta, a combination of cytokines previously identified for its capacity to induce IgA switch, D-Lc strongly potentiated the induction of sIgA on CD40-activated naive B cells from 5% to 40-50%. D-Lc alone did not induce the secretion of IgA by CD40-activated naive B cells, which required further addition of IL-10. Furthermore, D-Lc skewed towards the IgA isotype at the expense of IgG, the Ig production of CD40-activated naive B cells cultured in the presence of IL-10 and TGF-beta. Importantly, under these culture conditions, both IgA1 and IgA2 were detected. In the presence of IL-10, secretion of IgA2 by CD40-activated naive B cells could be detected only in response to D-Lc and was further enhanced by TGF-beta. Collectively, these results suggest that in addition to activating T cells in the extrafollicular areas of secondary lymphoid organs, human D-Lc also directly modulate T cell-dependent B cell growth and differentiation, by inducing the IgA isotype switch.
Changes in Activity of Plasma Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor in Pregnancy (2004)

The thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) is a recently described inhibitor of fibrinolysis. Changes in the concentration of plasma TAFI molecules that are present and functional after activation by thrombin-thrombomodulin complex (TAFI activity) during pregnancy have not previously been studied, and we therefore conducted a present prospective study. Plasma TAFI activity was assayed in 15 healthy non-pregnant women and 176 healthy pregnant women at various stages of gestation. TAFI activity was higher in pregnant than in non-pregnant women. TAFI activity seemed to increase progressively until around 20 weeks of gestation, then maintained a moderately elevated level until delivery, and promptly decreased after delivery.
Synthesis and Erosion Studies of Self-Catalyzed Poly(ortho ester)s (1997)

A new variation of poly(ortho ester)s prepared by the addition of diols to the diketene acetal 3,9-diethylidene-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane is described. In this variation, a short segment of a glycolic acid dimer is built into the polymer backbone. Such a material does not require the addition of acidic excipients to control polymer hydrolysis rate, as was necessary in previous systems, and excellent control over erosion rate without attendant problems of loss of excipient by diffusion has been achieved.