gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tests on Vaginal Discharge (1990)

The normal vaginal discharge is white, nonhomogeneous, and viscous. It contains vaginal squamous epithelial cells in a serous transudate, as well as material from sebaceous, sweat, and Bartholin's glands, and secretions from the cervix. A small number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes may be seen, probably coming from the cervix. The pH is below 4.5, usually between 3.8 and 4.2. The predominant organisms are lactobacilli, large gram-positive rods.The quantity of normal discharge varies from woman to woman and increases during ovulation, premenstrually, and during pregnancy. A normal discharge does not have an offensive odor and is not associated with vaginal irritation, itching, or burning.
Sodium Channels in Primary Sensory Neurons: Relationship to Pain States (2001)

Electrophysiological studies of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, and the results of PCR, Northern blot and in situ hybridization analyses have demonstrated the molecular diversity of Na+ channels that operate in sensory neurons. Several subtypes of alpha-subunit have been detected in DRG neurons and transcripts encoding all three beta-subunits are also present. Interestingly, one alpha subunit, Na(v)1.8, is selectively expressed in C-fibre and Adelta fibre associated sensory neurons that are predominantly involved in damage sensing. Another channel, Na(v).3, is selectively up regulated in a variety of models of neuropathic pain. In this review we focus on Na+ channels that are selectively expressed in DRG neurons as potential analgesic drug targets. In the absence of subtype specific inhibitors, the production of null mutant mice provides useful information on the specialized functions of particular Na+ channels. A refinement of this approach is to delete Na+ channel genes flanked by lox-P sites in the sensory ganglia of adult animals, using viruses to deliver the bacteriophage Cre recombinase enzyme.
Patterns of matrix metalloproteinase and TIMP-1 expression in chronic and normally healing human cutaneous wounds. (1996)

The present study was carried out to characterize the patterns of expression of matrix metalloproteinases or their tissue inhibitor (TIMP-1) in normally healing, acute vs. chronic, skin wounds. In situ hybridization was performed to localize collagenase, stromelysin-1, stromelysin-2, matrilysin, urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and TIMP-1 mRNAs in 14 chronic venous ulcers and 10 normally healing wounds, representing different time points after wounding. Surgical wounds, made in piglets harvested at several time points, were studied as controls. Collagenase, stromelysin-1 and -2, as well as uPa, were expressed in keratinocytes in both acute and chronic wounds, while epithelial TIMP-1 mRNA was not detected in any chronic wound biopsies studied. However, TIMP-1 was expressed at the epithelial edges of both acute human and pig wounds. Our results suggest that the balance between metalloenzymes and their inhibitor TIMP-1, is disturbed, in poorly healing wounds.
A method for evaluation of blood substitutes in the conscious animal (1983)

Physiological evaluation of new and potential blood replacement agents has not kept pace with the development of such agents. Current procedures involve partial or total blood replacement in the anesthetized animal. This introduces the variable of anesthesia and eliminates the ability to observe behavior changes during blood replacement. Clinically, many patients receive blood or will receive artificial agents while sedated or under anesthesia, whereas others will be conscious. It is essential that evaluative studies be performed on the awake animal using procedures that are nontraumatic and nonrestrictive. A technique for isovolumic exchange perfusion utilizing an indwelling, heparin-coated, double-lumen catheter in the right atrium of a conscious rat is described. This animal model system permits continuous pre- and postperfusion monitoring. Nearly total blood replacement with perfluorochemical blood substitutes causes no discerniable discomfort or adverse reactions in the animal. Such animals thrive and replace missing hematologic components in 1-3 wk. The technique described can, with minimal modification, be used for isovolumic exchange perfusion of larger animals.
Nucleotide Sequence of Yellow Fever Virus: Implications for Flavivirus Gene Expression and Evolution (1985)

The sequence of the entire RNA genome of the type flavivirus, yellow fever virus, has been obtained. Inspection of this sequence reveals a single long open reading frame of 10,233 nucleotides, which could encode a polypeptide of 3411 amino acids. The structural proteins are found within the amino-terminal 780 residues of this polyprotein; the remainder of the open reading frame consists of nonstructural viral polypeptides. This genome organization implies that mature viral proteins are produced by posttranslational cleavage of a polyprotein precursor and has implications for flavivirus RNA replication and for the evolutionary relation of this virus family to other RNA viruses.
Design of Resonant Beam Transducers: An Axial Force Probe for Atomic Force Microscopy (1998)

Abstract Guidelines for the mechanical design of resonant beam force transducers are developed. By considering the effects of beam dimensions on the force sensitivity, it is shown that thin, narrow beams are optimal for resonant sensing. Sensitivity is also shown to be inversely dependent on the amplitude of oscillation, and linear with the resonance quality (Q) of the oscillator. Based on this analysis, an axial resonant force detector was developed for use in atomic force microscopy. Initial measured results in air with a Q of 15 and 60nm oscillations give 33nN force resolution in a 1 kHz bandwidth. The Q improves to 1200 in moderate vacuum, yielding an expected force resolution of 10pN in a 1 kHz bandwidth. Due to its high axial spring constant (∼200N/m) and vertical orientation, this force probe has the added benefit for surface force measurements that it is not susceptible to snap-down or other force instability.
Preliminary results of a phase II randomized study (ROMULUS) of polatuzumab vedotin (PoV) or pinatuzumab vedotin (PiV) plus rituximab (RTX) in patients (Pts) with relapsed/refractory (R/R) non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). (2014)

8519 Background: PoV and PiV, antibody drug conjugates (ADC) containing the anti-mitotic MMAE targeting CD79b (PoV) and CD22 (PiV), showed clinical activity in Phase I. The current study aims to compare PoV and PiV + RTX in R/R DLBCL and R/R follicular lymphoma (FL). Methods: Pts were randomized to receive PoV or PiV + RTX (ADC 2.4 mg/kg + RTX 375 mg/m2) every 21 days. Tumor assessments were performed every 3 months. Results: As of 8 November 2013, 58 received PoV + RTX (38 DLBCL; 20 FL), 63 PiV + RTX (42 DLBCL; 21 FL). Median prior therapies [DLBCL, 3 (1-10); FL, 2 (1-8)] were balanced between treatment arms; 46% were RTX refractory. Median treatment (tx) cycles in DLBCL: 5 for both ADC (1-15); FL: 8.5 PoV (3-15) and 6 PiV (1-13). Overall safety profiles of both regimens were similar. Tx-emergent adverse events (AE) >25%: fatigue (52%), diarrhea (42%), nausea (37%), peripheral neuropathy (PN) (32%), constipation (26%). Grade ≥ 3 AE >3%: neutropenia (21%), diarrhea (6%), dyspnea (4%), febrile neutropenia (4%), hyperglycemia (4%) and PN (4%). Serious AE reported in 36%. Thirty-eight discontinued tx for AE after median 5 doses (range 1-14), including 16 for PN. Tx delays and ADC dose reductions reported in 27% and 22%. Two of 7 deaths (sepsis, urosepsis) unrelated to NHL were attributed to PiV. Complete (CR) and partial (PR) responses, n (%) [% 95% CI] (see Table). Conclusions: PoV and PiV + RTX were generally well-tolerated with similar toxicity. Neutropenia, PN and diarrhea were principal toxicities. Similar efficacy was observed with both ADCs in heavily pretreated pts with DLBCL. The higher CR rate with PoV + RTX suggests greater clinical activity in R/R FL. Combination studies of R + PoV with chemotherapy and with ADC schedules to reduce PN are ongoing or in planning. Clinical trial information: NCT01691898. PoV (CD79b) + RTX PiV (CD22) + RTX R/R DLBCL ORR CR PR N = 37 19 (51%) [34, 68] 5 (14%) [5, 29] 14 (38%) [23, 55] N = 37 20 (54%) [37, 71] 7 (19%) [8, 35] 13 (35%) [20, 53] R/R FL ORR CR PR N = 20 12 (60%) [36, 81] 6 (30%) [12, 54] 6 (30%) [12, 54] N = 21 14 (67%) [43, 85] 1 (5%) [0.1, 24] 13 (62%) [38, 82] Pharmacokinetic profiles were similar for both ADCs across DLBCL and FL with no free MMAE accumulation.
Variation in Variables that Predict Progression from MCI to AD Dementia over Duration of Follow-up (2013)

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relative utility of using neuroimaging, genetic, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and cognitive measures to predict progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia over a follow-up period. The studied subjects were 139 persons with MCI enrolled in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Predictors of progression to AD included brain volume, ventricular volume, hippocampal volume, APOE ε4 two alleles, Aβ<sub>42</sub>, p-tau<sub>181</sub>, p-tau<sub>181</sub>/Aβ<sub>42</sub>, memory, language, and executive function. We employ a combination of Cox regression analyses and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) methods to assess the prognostic utility and performance stability of candidate biomarkers. In a demographic-adjusted multivariable Cox model, seven measures- brain volume, hippocampal volume, ventricular volume, APOE ε4 two alleles, Aβ<sub>42</sub>, Memory composite, Executive function composite - predicted progression to AD. Time-dependent ROC revealed that this multivariable model had an area under the curve of 0.832, 0.788, 0.794, and 0.757 at 12, 18, 24, and 36 months respectively. Supplemental Cox models with time of origin set differentially at 12, 18, 24 and 36 months showed that six measures were significant predictors at 12 months whereas only memory and executive function predicted progression to AD at 18 and 24 months. The authors concluded that baseline volumetric MRI and cognitive measures selectively predict progression from MCI to AD, with cognitive measures remaining predictive even late in the follow-up period. These findings may inform case selection for AD clinical trials.
Media Streaming Protocol: an adaptive protocol for the delivery of audio and video over the Internet (2003)

The introduction of audio and video content on the World Wide Web has greatly increased traffic on the Internet. Congestion within the network may delay the reception of frames and cause them to miss presentation deadlines. A new protocol, the Media Streaming Protocol (MSP), has been developed to stream audio and video over the Internet, which is fair in its consumption of network bandwidth. The protocol incorporates a novel technique to identify congestion within the system. The algorithm monitors the state of the system and is able to quickly adjust to the changing capacity of the network. The protocol reduces the amount of data being transmitted and minimizes the aural and visual defects during playback. Such a protocol is critical as network bandwidth is increasingly being consumed by audio and video applications.
Suppression of non-small cell lung tumor development by the let-7 microRNA family (2008)

Many microRNAs (miRNAs) target mRNAs involved in processes aberrant in tumorigenesis, such as proliferation, survival, and differentiation. In particular, the let-7 miRNA family has been proposed to function in tumor suppression, because reduced expression of let-7 family members is common in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we show that let-7 functionally inhibits non-small cell tumor development. Ectopic expression of let-7g in K-Ras(G12D)-expressing murine lung cancer cells induced both cell cycle arrest and cell death. In tumor xenografts, we observed significant growth reduction of both murine and human non-small cell lung tumors when overexpression of let-7g was induced from lentiviral vectors. In let-7g expressing tumors, reductions in Ras family and HMGA2 protein levels were detected. Importantly, let-7g-mediated tumor suppression was more potent in lung cancer cell lines harboring oncogenic K-Ras mutations than in lines with other mutations. Ectopic expression of K-Ras(G12D) largely rescued let-7g mediated tumor suppression, whereas ectopic expression of HMGA2 was less effective. Finally, in an autochthonous model of NSCLC in the mouse, let-7g expression substantially reduced lung tumor burden.
Resolving Heterogeneity Problems and Impurity Artifacts in Operationally Homogeneous Transition Metal Catalysts (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTResolving Heterogeneity Problems and Impurity Artifacts in Operationally Homogeneous Transition Metal CatalystsRobert H. CrabtreeView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United StatesE-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2012, 112, 3, 1536–1554Publication Date (Web):October 24, 2011Publication History Received29 July 2011Published online24 October 2011Published inissue 14 March 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr2002905https://doi.org/10.1021/cr2002905review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views10348Altmetric-Citations568LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Catalysis,Catalysts,Metals,Nanoparticles,Palladium Get e-Alerts
Enantiomerically Pure Cyclobutane Derivatives and Their Use in Organic Synthesis (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnantiomerically Pure Cyclobutane Derivatives and Their Use in Organic SynthesisEdward Lee-Ruff and Gabriela MladenovaView Author Information Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, 4, 1449–1484Publication Date (Web):March 15, 2003Publication History Received17 June 2002Published online15 March 2003Published inissue 1 April 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr010013ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr010013aresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7442Altmetric-Citations488LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Cyclization,Hydrocarbons,Ketones,Molecular structure Get e-Alerts
Fate mapping analysis of lymphoid cells expressing the NKp46 cell surface receptor (2011)

NKp46 is a cell surface receptor expressed on natural killer (NK) cells, on a minute subset of T cells, and on a population of innate lymphoid cells that produce IL-22 and express the transcription factor retinoid-related orphan receptor (ROR)-γt, referred to as NK cell receptor (NKR)(+)ROR-γt(+) cells. Here we describe Nkp46(iCre) knock-in mice in which the gene encoding the improved Cre (iCre) recombinase was inserted into the Nkp46 locus. This mouse was used to noninvasively trace cells expressing NKp46 in vivo. Fate mapping experiments demonstrated the stable expression of NKp46 on NK cells and allowed a reappraisal of the sequential steps of NK cell maturation. NKp46 genetic tracing also showed that gut NKR(+)ROR-γt(+) and NK cells represent two distinct lineages. In addition, the genetic heterogeneity of liver NK cells was evidenced. Finally, Nkp46(iCre) mice also represent a unique mouse model of conditional mutagenesis specifically in NKp46(+) cells, paving the way for further developments in the biology of NKp46(+) NK, T, and NKR(+)ROR-γt(+) cells.
Synthesis of Nanosized “Cored” Star Polymers (2004)

A synthetic approach to nanosized “cored” star polymers is reported. A 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin core was functionalized with four 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxy (TEMPO) initiating groups. Four-armed star copolymers of styrene and 4-hydroxystyrene were synthesized and functionalized with 3,5-di(3-buten-1-oxy) benzyl bromide groups but exhibited poor solubility. As an alternative, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3‘,5‘-dihydroxyphenyl)porphyrin was functionalized with 2-bromo-2-methyl-propionyl groups capable of initiating atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Copolymerization of the core initiator with 1-but-3-enyl-4-vinylbenzene and styrene at low conversion produced soluble eight-armed star block copolymers. Through the ring-closing metathesis (RCM) reaction, the alkene groups of the polymer were intramolecularly cross-linked. The ester groups linking the cross-linked polymer arms to the porphyrin core were hydrolyzed, producing a “cored” star polymer with a molecular weight of approximately 20 kDa and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 1.5.
Serum levels of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase distinguish mild traumatic brain injury from trauma controls and are elevated in mild and moderate traumatic brain injury patients with intracranial lesions and neurosurgical intervention (2012)

II, prognostic study.
Adeno-Associated Virus Capsid Proteins May Play a Role in Transcription and Second-Strand Synthesis of Recombinant Genomes (2013)

A group of four interacting amino acids in adeno-associated virus type 8 (AAV8) called the pH quartet has been shown to undergo a structural change when subjected to acidic pH comparable to that seen in endosomal compartments. We examined the phenotypes of mutants with mutations in these amino acids as well as several nearby residues in the background of AAV2. We found that three of the mutations in this region (Y704A, E562A, and E564A) produce normal titers of mature capsids but are extremely defective for transduction (>10(7)-fold). The remaining mutants were also defective for transduction, but the defect in these mutants (E563A, E561A, H526A, and R389A) is not as severe (3- to 22-fold). Two other mutants (Y700A and Y730A) were found to be defective for virus assembly. One of the extremely defective mutants (Y704A) was found to enter the cell, traffic to the nucleus, and uncoat its DNA nearly as efficiently as the wild type. This suggested that some step after nuclear entry and uncoating was defective. To see if the extremely defective mutants were impaired in second-strand synthesis, the Y704A, E562A, and E564A mutants containing self-complementary DNA were compared with virus containing single-stranded genomes. Two of the mutants (Y704A and E564A) showed 1-log and 3-log improvements in infectivity, respectively, while the third mutant (E562A) showed no change. This suggested that inhibition of second-strand synthesis was responsible for some but not most of the defect in these mutants. Comparison of Y704A mRNA synthesis with that of the wild-type capsid showed that accumulation of steady-state mRNA in the Y704A mutant was reduced 450-fold, even though equal genome numbers were uncoated. Our experiments have identified a novel capsid function. They suggest that AAV capsids may play a role in the initiation of both second-strand synthesis and transcription of the input genome.
Selective inactivation of viruses in the presence of human platelets: UV sensitization with psoralen derivatives. (1994)

Inactivation of viruses in blood products requires that the method employed display selectivity in its action for viral elements while not affecting the biological entity of interest. Several methods have been developed for the treatment of human plasma or products derived from human plasma. An effective technique for the treatment of the cellular components of blood has been lacking, in part due to the inability to develop agents capable of selectively targeting viral agents in the milieu of cellular material. In this paper, we examine the behavior of a group of viral sensitizers designed to be added to cellular samples and be activated upon exposure to UVA light. Upon activation, these agents are capable of disrupting nucleic acids of the virus in a manner that renders them inactive for proliferation. The selectivity observed in this inactivation is determined by the chemical structure of the sensitizer, which can be varied to increase viral killing capacity while diminishing collateral damage to cellular and protein constituents.
Rapid Communication: Characterization of β‐Amyloid Peptide from Human Cerebrospinal Fluid (1993)

beta-Amyloid peptide (A beta) is one of the main components of senile plaques in the brain tissue of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. A beta is proteolytically cleaved from the amyloid precursor protein (APP), an integral membrane protein possessing a large extracellular N-terminal domain followed by a single membrane-spanning region and a short cytoplasmic C-terminal tail. A beta has been isolated from senile plaques and cerebral vascular tissue of AD brain and characterized as a heterogeneous peptide containing 28-43 amino acids whose sequence begins in the extracellular domain of APP and extends into the putative transmembrane sequence. It has long been speculated that A beta may also be present in body fluids, such as CSF, that contact neuritic plaques. Recently using a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay we were able to quantify one form of A beta in CSF. In this report, using one of these antibodies covalently bound as an affinity matrix, multiple complex forms of A beta have been isolated and characterized from CSF derived from patients with either meningitis or other neurological disorders. Amino acid sequencing reveals A beta species with N-termini of Asp1, Glu3, His6, Glu11, and Val12, although on a molar basis, Asp1 represents the predominant aminoterminus. Laser desorption mass spectrometry confirmed the presence in CSF of A beta species containing 27, 28, 30, 34, 35, 40, 42, and 43 amino acids, all beginning at Asp1; two stable trimers, (Asp1-Met35)3 and (His6-Ala42)3; and one stable dimer containing (Asp1-Val40)2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)