gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endophytic microorganisms: a review on insect control and recent advances on tropical plants (2000)

In the past two decades, a great deal of information on the role of endophytic microorganisms in nature has been collected. The capability of colonizing internal host tissues has made endophytes valuable for agriculture as a tool to improve crop performance. In this review, we addressed the major topics concerning the control of insects-pests by endophytic microorganisms. Several examples of insect control are described, notably those involving the interactions between fungi and grazing grasses from temperate countries. The mechanisms by which endophytic fungi control insect attacks are listed and include toxin production as well as the influence of these compounds on plant and livestock and how their production may be affected by genetic and environmental conditions. The importance of endophytic entomopathogenic fungi for insect control is also addressed. As the literature has shown, there is a lack of information on endophytes from tropical hosts, which are more severely affected by pests and diseases. Having this in mind, we have included an updated and extensive literature in this review, concerning new findings from tropical plants, including the characterization of endophytic fungi and bacteria microbiota from several Amazon trees, citrus and medicinal plants among others.
Functional organization of a visual area in the posterior bank of the superior temporal sulcus of the rhesus monkey (1974)

1. Anatomical studies have shown the cortex of the posterior bank of the superior temporal sulcus to receive a projection from visual cortical areas, including areas 17, 18 and 19. In this paper the response of single neurones in this area to simple visual stimulation is reported. Ten monkeys were studied. 2. A clear but relatively crude topographic representation of the visual field was found. There was a large variation in the size of the receptive fields of individual cells, even in a single penetration. Some cells, with the central parts of their receptive fields located from between 1 and 5° from the centre of gaze had receptive fields averaging about 10° × 10° or even larger. Other cells with central receptive fields had much smaller field sizes. 3. Two main types of neurones were encountered, with subdivisions within each type. The first type responded to movement irrespective of form. These could be subdivided into neurones which responded to movement in any direction within the receptive field and neurones which responded to movement in one direction only (directionally selective neurones). Another type of cell was responsive to both contour and movement, much like the complex and lower order hypercomplex cells. Almost all such neurones were directionally selective. 4. In oblique penetrations through this cortical region, there tended frequently to be an orderly shift in preferred directions of motion, thus suggesting the possibility of a columnar organization for movement. 5. Combined anatomical (degeneration) and electrophysiological experiments showed that these types of neurones are found in those regions of the posterior bank of the superior temporal sulcus receiving a direct projection from area 17.
Security and Privacy in VANET to reduce Authentication Overhead for Rapid Roaming Networks (2010)

Since the last few years VANET have received increased attention as the potential technology to enhance active and preventive safety on the road, as well as travel comfort. Security and privacy are indispensable in vehicular communications for successful acceptance and deployment of such a technology. Generally, attacks cause anomalies to the network functionality. A secure VANET system, while exchanging information should protect the system against unauthorized message injection, message alteration, eavesdropping. In this paper, various security and privacy issues and challenges are discussed. The various authentication schemes in wireless LAN, VANETS are discussed. Out of various authentication schemes that are used to reduce the overhead in authentication, when roaming -proxy reencryption scheme and new proxy re encryption scheme is reviewed in detail. A comparison between the two schemes is done, which shows that the privacy can be maintained better by using new proxy re encryption.
The role of lipooligosaccharide in Neisseria gonorrhoeae pathogenesis of cervical epithelia: lipid A serves as a C3 acceptor molecule (2002)

The use of primary, human, ecto- and endocervical epithelial cell cultures has increased our understanding of the pathogenesis of gonococcal infection in women. Primary cervical epithelial cells express complement (C') receptor type 3 (CR3) and C' proteins required for alternative pathway (AP) activity. Gonococcus -induced membrane ruffling and cellular invasion of primary cervical epithelia is mediated by CR3 and requires co-operative CR3 binding by gonococcus-bound iC3b, porin and pilus. We have extended these studies to identify the site of C3 deposition upon gonococci within the cervical microenvironment. By immunoprecipitation and ELISA we demonstrate that covalent and non-covalent associations occurred between gonococcal LOS and C' protein C3. Sialylation or LOS truncation did not alter the gonococcus-CR3 interaction. By Western blot analysis we observed comparable C3 opsonization patterns among a panel of LOS truncation mutants, sialylated wild-type gonococci, or wild-type bacteria that were not sialylated. Quantitative association/invasion assays performed in the presence or absence of LOS competimers support C3b deposition on the lipid A core structure. Our findings demonstrate a role for lipid A as a C3 acceptor site and suggest that multiple factors govern C3b deposition and its subsequent conversion to iC3b on the surface of the gonococcus within the cervical microenvironment.
Synthesis and Charge-Carrier Transport Properties of Poly(phospholeP-alkanesulfonylimide)s (2013)

A new class of polyphospholes bearing alkanesulfonylimino moieties on the phosphorus(V) centers was prepared by the Pd-CuI-promoted Stille coupling reaction to investigate the charge-carrier transport properties of the π-networks of polyphospholes. Time-of-flight measurements have revealed that the poly(phosphole P-imide)s possess ambipolar charge-carrier mobilities of up to μ(electron) = 6 × 10(-3) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) and μ(hole) = 4 × 10(-3) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1).
Fast high-level power estimation for control-flow intensive design (1998)

In this paper, we present a power estimation technique for control-flow intensive designs that is tailored towards driving iterative high-level synthesis systems, where hundreds of architectural trade-offs are explored and compared. Our method is fast and relatively accurate. The algorithm utilizes the behavioral information to extract branch probabilities, and uses these in conjunction with switching activity and circuit capacitance information, to estimate the power consumption of a given architecture.
Perceptual consequences of potentiation in the extraocular muscles: An alternative explanation for adaptation to wedge prisms. (1976)

Two initial experiments demonstrated that direction aftereffects of potentiation in the extraocular muscles (induced through sustained versional rotation to the side) generally increase as a function of the magnitude and duration of the inducing ocular rotation and can be built up under conditions of varied as well as constant fixation. The results suggest an alternative to perceptual learning accounts of adaptation to wedge prisms, namely, that adaptive changes in perceived distance and direction are induced through a systematic bias in eye posture rather than exposure to informational discrepancy. The muscle potentiation hypothesis was tested directly against a learning hypothesis in a final adaptation experiment. Differences in the decay functions for observers engaged in five different types of interpolated activity strongly support the muscle potentiation explanation.
Curcumin and Dehydrozingerone Derivatives:  Synthesis, Radiolabeling, and Evaluation for β-Amyloid Plaque Imaging† (2006)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is pathologically characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, and thus, the in vivo imaging of plaques and tangles would be beneficial for the early diagnosis of AD. It has been suggested that 5-hydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,4,6-heptatrien-3-one (curcumin) may be responsible for low age-adjusted prevalence of AD in India. In the present study, eight novel derivatives of curcumin and 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-buten-2-one (dehydrozingerone) were synthesized and their binding affinities for beta-amyloid (Abeta) aggregates were measured. Of these ligands, fluoropropyl-substituted curcumin (8) showed the highest binding affinity (Ki=0.07 nM), and therefore, 8 was radiolabeled and evaluated as a potential probe for Abeta plaque imaging. Partition coefficient measurement and biodistribution in normal mice demonstrated that [18F]8 has a suitable lipophilicity and reasonable initial brain uptake. Metabolism studies also indicated that [18F]8 is metabolically stable in the brain. These results suggest that [18F]8 is a suitable radioligand for Abeta plaque imaging.
Differentiation of Monocytes into Dendritic Cells in a Model of Transendothelial Trafficking (1998)

Essential to the dendritic cell system of antigen-presenting cells are the veiled dendritic cells that traverse afferent lymph to enter lymph nodes, where they initiate immune responses. The origin of veiled cells, which were discovered 20 years ago, is unclear. Monocytes cultured with endothelium differentiated into dendritic cells within 2 days, particularly after phagocytosing particles in subendothelial collagen. These nascent dendritic cells migrated across the endothelium in the ablumenal-to-lumenal direction, as would occur during entry into lymphatics. Monocytes that remained in the subendothelial matrix became macrophages. Therefore, monocytes have two potential fates associated with distinct patterns of migration.
Effect of monoclonal antibody to pertussis toxin on toxin activity (1987)

Two distinct monoclonal antibodies, one to pertussis toxin subunit S2, called 9G8, and another to subunits S2 and S3, called 11E6, were generated from the hybridomas of myeloma SP2/0 and spleen cells of BALB/c mice immunized mainly with the subunit S234 complex. Binding ability of 9G8 and 11E6 to the subunits was confirmed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting analysis. Generation of 11E6 bound to both S2 and S3 might mean that there is common antigenicity between S2 and S3. Neutralizing activities of 9G8 and 11E6 on various biological activities of pertussis toxin, including ADP-ribosyltransferase and leukocytosis-promoting, islet-activating, permeability-increasing. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell-clustering, and hemagglutinating activities, were compared with those of anti-S1 monoclonal antibodies 1B7 and 3F10, which were isolated and characterized in a previous study (H. Sato, A. Ito, J. Chiba, and Y. Sato, Infect. Immun. 46:422-428, 1984). 1B7 and 3F10 neutralized ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of pertussis toxin or S1, but 9G8 and 11E6 did not. 1B7 showed very potent neutralization against leukocytosis-promoting, islet-activating, permeability-increasing, and CHO cell-clustering activities of pertussis toxin, but 3F10 did not, although anti-ADP-ribosyltransferase activities of both antibodies were identical. 11E6 neutralized leukocytosis-promoting, islet-activating, CHO cell-clustering, and hemagglutinating activities but not permeability-increasing activity. 9G8 showed slight neutralization of leukocytosis-promoting and CHO cell-clustering activities. Specific activities of 1B7 and 11E6 in each neutralization test were higher than or almost comparable to those of polyclonal antibodies to pertussis toxin. The neutralizing mechanism of 1B7 and 11E6 in leukocytosis-promoting activity was compared. 11E6 seemed to interfere with the binding of pertussis toxin to receptors on mouse spleen cells.
miR‐224 promotion of cell migration and invasion by targeting Homeobox D 10 gene in human hepatocellular carcinoma (2013)

Our findings suggest a previously undescribed regulatory pathway in which the miR-224/HOXD10/p-PAK4/MMP-9 signaling pathway contributes to the regulation of cell migration and invasion and provides a new biotarget for HCC treatment.
Fish Consumption and Cognitive Decline With Age in a Large Community Study (2005)

Fish consumption may be associated with slower cognitive decline with age. Further study is needed to determine whether fat composition is the relevant dietary constituent.
A rabbitpox virus serpin gene controls host range by inhibiting apoptosis in restrictive cells (1995)

Poxviruses are unique among viruses in encoding members of the serine proteinase inhibitor (serpin) superfamily. Orthopoxviruses contain three serpins, designated SPI-1, SPI-2, and SPI-3. SPI-1 encodes a 40-kDa protein that is required for the replication of rabbitpox virus (RPV) in PK-15 or A549 cells in culture (A. N. Ali, P. C. Turner, M. A. Brooks, and R. W. Moyer, Virology 202:305-314, 1994). Examination of nonpermissive human A549 cells infected with an RPV mutant disrupted in the SPI-1 gene (RPV delta SPI-1) suggests there are no gross defects in protein or DNA synthesis. The proteolytic processing of late viral structural proteins, a feature of orthopoxvirus infections associated with the maturation of virus particles, also appears relatively normal. However, very few mature virus particles of any kind are produced compared with the level found in infections with wild-type RPV. Morphological examination of RPV delta SPI-1-infected A549 cells, together with an observed fragmentation of cellular DNA, suggests that the host range defect is associated with the onset of apoptosis. Apoptosis is seen only in RPV delta SPI-1 infection of nonpermissive (A549 or PK-15) cells and is absent in all wild-type RPV infections and RPV delta SPI-2 mutant infections examined to date. Although the SPI-1 gene is expressed early, before DNA replication, the triggering apoptotic event occurs late in the infection, as RPV delta SPI-1-infected A549 cells do not undergo apoptosis when infections are carried out in the presence of cytosine arabinoside. While the SPI-2 (crmA) gene, when transfected into cells, has been shown to inhibit apoptosis, our experiments provide the first indication that a poxvirus serpin protein can inhibit apoptosis during a poxvirus infection.
Functional significance of nerve growth factor and its receptor (TrkA) in inflammatory arthritis (2010)

We read the article by Barthel and colleagues [1] in this is sue of Arthritis Research & Th erapy with great interest. Th ey reported that neurotrophin receptors/ligands and specifi cally nerve growth factor (NGF) and NGF receptor (NGF-R) (TrkA and p75) are expressed in synovial fl uid (SF) cells and synovial tissue (ST) of patients with rheuma toid arthritis (RA) or spondyloarthritis (SpA). Th e authors also looked for the cellular source of NGF and demonstrated that the T cells and monocytes/macrophages derived from SF of patients with RA/SpA are enriched with NGF. Furthermore, they reported that STderived fi broblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) did not produce NGF in vitro. In a recent publication, we observed similarly that NGF levels in SF were signifi cantly higher in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) (365.5 85.2 pg/ mL) or RA (120 35 pg/mL) than in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) (30 6 pg/mL) However, in regard to the source of NGF, we observed that FLSs produced a signifi cant amount of NGF. Here, we would like to share our observations about the NGF/TrkA system in human FLSs and its function.
Expression of Acid-Sensing Ion Channel 3 (ASIC3) in Nucleus Pulposus Cells of the Intervertebral Disc Is Regulated by p75NTR and ERK Signaling (2007)

Results of this study indicate that NGF serves to maintain the basal expression of ASIC3 through p75NTR and ERK signaling in discal cells. We suggest that ASIC3 is needed for adaptation of the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus cells to the acidic and hyperosmotic microenvironment of the intervertebral disc.
Mechanical design in arteries (1999)

The most important mechanical property of the artery wall is its non-linear elasticity. Over the last century, this has been well-documented in vessels in many animals, from humans to lobsters. Arteries must be distensible to provide capacitance and pulse-smoothing in the circulation, but they must also be stable to inflation over a range of pressure. These mechanical requirements are met by strain-dependent increases in the elastic modulus of the vascular wall, manifest by a J-shaped stress-strain curve, as typically exhibited by other soft biological tissues. All vertebrates and invertebrates with closed circulatory systems have arteries with this non-linear behaviour, but specific tissue properties vary to give correct function for the physiological pressure range of each species. In all cases, the non-linear elasticity is a product of the parallel arrangement of rubbery and stiff connective tissue elements in the artery wall, and differences in composition and tissue architecture can account for the observed variations in mechanical properties. This phenomenon is most pronounced in large whales, in which very high compliance in the aortic arch and exceptionally low compliance in the descending aorta occur, and is correlated with specific modifications in the arterial structure.
Cloning of Novel Maltooligosaccharide-Producing Amylases as Antistaling Agents for Bread (1998)

For better understanding of the antistaling effect of starch-hydrolyzing enzymes, maltose-, maltotriose-, or maltotetraose-producing enzymes were applied to bread mix and the retrogradation rate of the bread was determined using differential scanning calorimetry. A new amylase isolated from Bacillus subtilis SUH 4-2, which selectively produces maltose and maltotriose from starch solution (amylase II), and another amylase from Streptomyces albus KSM-35, mainly producing maltotetraose and maltotriose (amylase IV), were cloned, characterized, and evaluated as antistaling agents for bread. Addition of amylase II or amylase IV significantly reduced the bread staling rate during 7 days of storage (p < 0.05), and especially amylase IV was as effective as a commercial enzyme, Novamyl. Analyses of the maltooligosaccharide composition of bread suggest that maltotriose and maltotetraose produced by the enzyme reaction are responsible for retarding bread retrogradation. Keywords: Amylases; antistaling agent; maltooligosaccharide; retrogradation; bread
Alteration of mitochondrial DNA in human oncocytomas (1989)

Oncocytoma, a benign solid tumor, occurs in a number of organs but most frequently in the kidneys. Its oncocytes display an intensely eosinophilic cytoplasm due to presence of numerous mitochondria. Mitochondrial DNA analysis of six renal cell oncocytomas and adjacent renal tissue was performed using five restriction endonucleases. In the Hinfl restriction pattern, an additional 40 bp band was noted. This new band was demonstrated in all oncocytomas but in none of the corresponding renal tissues or additionally tested renal carcinomas. By reisolating and hybridizing this band to the mitochondrial genome, its sequence was localized within the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. The data suggest that a molecular alteration of mitochondrial DNA is specific for oncocytomas, and this constitutes the first observed mitochondrial DNA change in a human solid tumor.
A 15 ns 32&amp;times;32-bit CMOS multiplier with an improved parallel structure (1989)

A 32-bit×32-bit parallel multiplier with an improved parallel structure has been fabricated by 0.8-μm CMOS triple-level-metal interconnection technology. A unit adder that can sum four partial products concurrently has been developed. It enhances the parallelism of multiplier. The chip contains 27704 transistors with 2.68×2.71-mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> die area. The multiplication time is 15 ns at 5-V power supply. The power dissipation is 277 mW at 10-MHz operation
STUDIES IN THE COMMON COLD (1930)

1. Chimpanzees are highly suitable animals for the experimental study of human upper respiratory infections. 2. Human colds have been successfully transmitted to apes and human volunteers in 44 per cent of instances tried by means of filtered nasal washings obtained from colds. 3. Certain types of infectious colds are caused by a filtrable agent.
Impaired tau–microtubule interactions are prevalent among pathogenic tau variants arising from missense mutations (2019)

tau is a microtubule (MT)-associated protein that promotes tubulin assembly and stabilizes MTs by binding longitudinally along the MT surface. tau can aberrantly aggregate into pathological inclusions that define Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementias, and other tauopathies. A spectrum of missense mutations in the tau-encoding gene microtubule-associated protein tau (<i>MAPT</i>) can cause frontotemporal dementias. tau aggregation is postulated to spread by a prion-like mechanism. Using a cell-based inclusion seeding assay, we recently reported that only a few tau variants are intrinsically prone to this type of aggregation. Here, we extended these studies to additional tau mutants and investigated their MT binding properties in mammalian cell-based assays. A limited number of tau variants exhibited modest aggregation propensity <i>in vivo</i>, but most tau mutants did not aggregate. Reduced MT binding appeared to be the most common dysfunction for the majority of tau variants due to missense mutations, implying that MT-targeting therapies could potentially be effective in the management of tauopathies.
Phosphinic Acid Analogs of GABA. 2. Selective, Orally Active GABAB Antagonists (1995)

In 1987, 25 years after the synthesis of the potent and selective GABAB agonist baclofen (1), Kerr et al. described the first GABAB antagonist phaclofen 2. However, phaclofen and structurally similar derivatives 3-5 did not cross the blood-brain barrier and hence were inactive in vivo as central nervous system agents. As a consequence, the therapeutic potential of GABAB antagonists remained unclear. In exploring GABA and baclofen derivatives by replacing the carboxylic acid residue with various phosphinic acid groups, we discovered more potent and water soluble GABAB antagonists. Electrophysiological experiments in vivo demonstrated that some of the new compounds were capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier after oral administration. Neurotransmitter release experiments showed that they interacted with several presynaptic GABAB receptor subtypes, enhancing the release of GABA, glutamate, aspartate, and somatostatin. The new GABAB antagonists interacted also with postsynaptic GABAB receptors, as they blocked late inhibitory postsynaptic potentials. They facilitated the induction of long-term potentiation in vitro and in vivo, suggesting potential cognition enhancing effects. Fifteen compounds were investigated in various memory and learning paradigms in rodents. Although several compounds were found to be active, only 10 reversed the age-related deficits of old rats in a multiple-trial one-way active avoidance test after chronic treatment. The cognition facilitating effects of 10 were confirmed in learning experiments in Rhesus monkeys. The novel GABAB antagonists showed also protective effects in various animal models of absence epilepsy.
Silikon-Tenside/ Silicone Surfactants (1990)

Etude des divers types de polydimethyl siloxanes pouvant etre utilises en cosmetologie et de leurs utilisations diverses