gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical measurements of individual semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes of various diameters (2000)

Individual semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) of various diameters are studied by electrical measurements. Transport through a semiconducting SWNT involves thermal activation at high temperatures, and tunneling through a reverse biased metal–tube junction at low temperatures. Under high bias voltages, current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of semiconducting SWNTs exhibit pronounced asymmetry with respect to the bias polarity, as a result of local gating. SWNT transistors that mimic conventional p-metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor with similar I–V characteristics and high transconductance are enabled.
SPHERICAL MICROPHONE ARRAY BASED IMMERSIVE AUDIO SCENE RENDERING (2008)

In many applications such as entertainment, education, military training, remote telepresence, surveillance, etc. it is necessary to capture an acousticfield and presentit to listeners with a goal of creating the same acoustic perception for them as if they were actually present at the scene. Currently, there is much interest in the use of spherical microphone arrays for acoustic scene capture and reproduction. We describe a 32-microphone spherical array based system implemented for spatial audio capture and reproduction. Our array embeds hardware that is traditionally external, such as preamplifiers, filters, digital-to-analog converters, and USB adaptor, resulting in a portable lightweight solution and requiring no hardware on the PC side whatsoever other than a high-speed USB port. We provide capability analysis of the array and describe software suite developed for the application.
A novel multi modal tracking method based on depth and semantic color features for human robot interaction (2015)

In this paper we tackle the challenges of visual tracking for personal robots. We have proposed a novel track-by-detection method that combines a semantic object model with depth properties to obtain target contours. The tracking can be initialized by either 2D or 3D inputs, which are further refined using clustering based background removal to obtain an initial object model. During tracking, we propose to refine the search space by metric constancy and removal of the support plane. Further, the target appearance is modeled using a semantic human centric color descriptor, continuously updated by an online learning algorithm. The spatial compactness of the target is described using a Gaussian model with an initially determined variance. A fusion of the obtained color and depth models based on a target-background dissimilarity measure, is used to perform segmentation based tracking using graph cuts to obtain object contours. The experimental results in a household scenario show a good performance of the algorithm in challenging conditions such as scale, viewpoint change and out of plane rotations.
Recognition of N -Glycolylneuraminic Acid Linked to Galactose by the α2,3 Linkage Is Associated with Intestinal Replication of Influenza A Virus in Ducks (2000)

The hemagglutinin (HA) of H3 human influenza viruses does not support viral replication in duck intestine despite its avian origin. A Leu-to-Gln mutation at position 226 and a Ser-to-Gly mutation at position 228 in the HA of human A/Udorn/307/72 (H3N2) permit a reassortant virus [human Udorn HA, with all other genes from A/mallard/New York/6750/78 (H2N2)] to replicate in ducks. To understand the molecular basis of this change in host range restriction, we investigated the receptor specificity of duck influenza viruses as well as of human-duck virus reassortants. The results indicate that the recognition of a glycoconjugate moiety possessing N-glycolneuramic acid (NeuGc) linked to galactose by the alpha2,3 linkage (NeuGcalpha2,3Gal) is associated with viral replication in duck intestine. Immunofluorescence assays with NeuGcalpha2,3Gal-specific antiserum detected this moiety primarily on the crypt epithelial cells of duck colon. Such recognition, together with biochemical evidence of NeuGc in crypt cells, correlated exactly with the ability of the virus to replicate in duck colon. These results suggest that recognition of the NeuGcalpha2,3-Gal moiety plays an important role in the enterotropism of avian influenza viruses.
End-To-End Arguments In System Design (1984)

article Free Access Share on End-to-end arguments in system design Authors: J. H. Saltzer M.I.T. Laboratory for Computer Science, 545 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA M.I.T. Laboratory for Computer Science, 545 Technology Square, Cambridge, MAView Profile , D. P. Reed Software Arts, Inc., 27 Mica Lane, Wellesley, MA Software Arts, Inc., 27 Mica Lane, Wellesley, MAView Profile , D. D. Clark M.I.T. Laboratory for Computer Science, 545 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA M.I.T. Laboratory for Computer Science, 545 Technology Square, Cambridge, MAView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM Transactions on Computer SystemsVolume 2Issue 4Nov. 1984 pp 277–288https://doi.org/10.1145/357401.357402Online:01 November 1984Publication History 1,259citation21,347DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1,259Total Downloads21,347Last 12 Months1,460Last 6 weeks358 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
The Apoptosis Inhibitor Gene API2 and a Novel 18q Gene,MLT, Are Recurrently Rearranged in the t(11;18)(q21;q21) Associated With Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphomas (1999)

Marginal zone cell lymphomas of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) are the most common subtype of lymphoma arising at extranodal sites. The t(11;18)(q21;q21) appears to be the key genetic lesion and is found in approximately 50% of cytogenetically abnormal low-grade MALT lymphomas. We show that the API2 gene, encoding an inhibitor of apoptosis also known as c-IAP2, HIAP1, and MIHC, and a novel gene on 18q21 characterized by several Ig-like C2-type domains, named MLT, are recurrently rearranged in the t(11;18). In both MALT lymphomas analyzed, the breakpoint in API2 occurred in the intron separating the exons coding respectively for the baculovirus IAP repeat domains and the caspase recruitment domain. The breakpoints within MLT differed but the open reading frame was conserved in both cases. In one case, the translocation was accompanied by a cryptic deletion involving the 3' part of API2. As a result, the reciprocal transcript was not present, strongly suggesting that the API2-MLT fusion is involved in the oncogenesis of MALT lymphoma.
Selectivity-based XML query processing in structured peer-to-peer networks (2010)

DHT-based structured P2P systems have been proposed to index and retrieve many types of contents, including distributed collections of XML documents. During the query processing, a DHT can be used to efficiently identify all nodes storing relevant documents.
Growth and characterization of α-Fe2O3 nanowires (2007)

Hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanowires have been synthesized on a large surface area by thermal oxidation of iron foil in an ozone-rich environment. The effects of annealing time, temperature, and oxidizing environment on the growth of nanowires have been systematically studied. The samples were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that annealing in ozone-rich environment for 2–4 h at 700 °C yielded the best results in terms of number density and diameter of nanowires. The average diameter of the nanowires was found to be 85 nm. It was found that nanowires are bicrystal in nature with a length around 4 μm, which grows uniquely along the [110] direction.
Evaluating the transferability of Hapmap SNPs to a Singapore Chinese population (2010)

The high correlation between our population and Hapmap Han Chinese reaffirms the applicability of Hapmap based genome-wide chips for GWA studies. There is a clear population signature for the Singapore Chinese samples and they predominantly resemble the southern Han Chinese population; however when new migrants particularly those with northern Han Chinese background were included, population stratification issues may arise. Future studies needs to address population stratification within the sample collection while designing and interpreting GWAS in the Chinese population.
Molecular cloning of effector cell protease receptor-1, a novel cell surface receptor for the protease factor Xa. (1994)

Cellular receptors for blood proteases regulate chemotaxis, extracellular proteolysis, and growth behavior of normal and malignant cells. Binding of the coagulation protease factor Xa to leukocytes is contributed by a recently identified molecule, denominated Effector cell Protease Receptor-1 (EPR-1). Monoclonal antibodies were generated against EPR-1+ MOLT13 lymphocytes and selected for reactivity with lymphocyte surface proteins by flow cytometry and with affinity-purified EPR-1 in Western blots. Antibody-based functional cloning of the cDNA for EPR-1 reveals the sequence of a novel molecule encoded by a prominent 1.9-kilobase mRNA. The cDNA predicts a glycoprotein of 337 amino acids, characterized by a unique cysteine-rich extracellular module, a single membrane-spanning domain, and a serine-rich (26%) cytoplasmic tail featuring at least 15 potential phosphorylation sites. Genetically engineered EPR-1 transfectants were recognized by monoclonal antibodies to EPR-1 and bound 125I-factor Xa in a specific and saturable manner (Kd approximately 10-15 nM). In the absence of factor V/Va, EPR-1 transfectants promoted prothrombin activation in a factor Xa concentration-dependent reaction, inhibited by a monoclonal antibody to EPR-1. These findings define EPR-1 as a novel cell surface receptor for factor Xa potentially implicated in protease-dependent cellular effector functions.
A software tool for the quantitative evaluation of 3D dose calculation algorithms (1998)

Current methods for evaluating modern radiation therapy treatment planning (RTP) systems include the manual superposition of calculated and measured isodose curves and the comparison of a limited number of calculated and measured point doses. Both techniques have significant limitations in providing quantitative evaluations of the large number of dose data generated by modern RTP systems. More sophisticated comparison techniques have been presented in the literature, including dose-difference and distance-to-agreement (DTA) analyses. A software tool has been developed that uses superimposed isodose plots, dose-difference, and DTA distributions to quantify errors in computed dose distributions. Dose-difference and DTA analyses are overly sensitive in regions of high- and low-dose gradient, respectively. The logical union of locations that fail both dose-difference and DTA acceptance criteria, termed the composite evaluation, is calculated and displayed. The composite evaluation provides a method for the physicist to efficiently identify regions that fail both the dose-difference and DTA acceptance criteria. The tool provides a computer platform for the quantitative comparison of calculated and measured dose distributions.
A New Method for Generating Poroelastograms in Noisy Environments (2005)

Poroelastography has been recently introduced as a new elastographic technique that may be used to describe the spatial and temporal behavior of poroelastic materials. The experimental methodology proposed thus far for phantoms and tissues in vitro requires the acquisition of a precompression rf frame, the application of a unit step strain compression to the sample and the acquisition of subsequent post-compression frames from the material. Elastograms and poroelastograms are generated by cross-correlating the sequentially-acquired postcompression frames with the reference precompression frame. The application of poroelastography to tissues in vivo must address the echo decorrelation problems that are encountered due to uncontrolled tissue motion, which may become significant shortly after the acquisition of the precompression frame. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of performing poroelastography experiments using an alternative experimental scheme. In the proposed experimental methodology, the reference precompression frame is continuously moved while the time interval between the frames that are correlated is kept short. This allows long data acquisition times with simultaneous minimization of the decorrelation due to undesired tissue motion in vivo. We validated this new method using both a step and a ramp compression functions. We performed poroelastographic simulations and experiments in phantoms and in tissues in vivo. The results were compared to those obtained using the traditional acquisition methodology. This study shows that the two methods yield similar results in vitro and suggests that the new method may be more robust to decorrelation noise in applications in vivo.
Intramolecular Cycloaddition Reactions of Furo[3,4-b]indoles for Alkaloid Synthesis (2014)

Model studies dealing with the Cu(II)- or Rh(II)-catalyzed carbenoid cyclization/cycloaddition cascade of several α-diazo indolo amido esters have been carried out as an approach to the alkaloid scandine. The Cu(II)-catalyzed reaction of an α-diazo indolo diester that contains a tethered oxa-pentenyl side chain was found to give rise to a reactive benzo[c]furan which undergoes a subsequent [4 + 2]-cycloaddition across the tethered π-bond. The reaction proceeds by the initial generation of a copper carbenoid intermediate which cyclizes onto the adjacent carbonyl group to give a reactive benzo[c]furan which in certain cases can be isolated. Disappointingly, the analogous reaction with the related amido indolo ester failed to take place, even when the tethered π-bond contained an electron-withdrawing carbomethoxy group. It would seem that the geometric requirements for the intramolecular cycloaddition of the furo[3,4-b]indole system with the tethered π-bond imposes distinct restrictions upon the bond angles of the reacting centers to prevent the cycloaddition reaction from occurring. However, the incorporation of another carbonyl group on the nitrogen atom of the tethered alkenyl diazo amido indolo ester seemingly provides better orbital overlap between the reacting π-systems and allows the desired cycloaddition reaction to occur.
The current emitted by highly conducting Taylor cones (1994)

When a liquid meniscus held at the exit of a metallic capillary tube is charged to a high voltage V , the free surface often takes the form of a cone whose apex emits a steady microjet, and thus injects a certain charge I and liquid volume Q per unit time into the surrounding gas. This work deals with liquids with relatively large conductivities K , for which the jet diameter d j is much smaller than the diameter d n of the capillary tube. In the limit d j / d n → 0, the structure of the jet ( d j and I , in particular) becomes independent of electrostatic parameters such as V or the electrode configuration, being governed mostly by the liquid properties and flow rate Q. Furthermore, the measured current is given approximately by I = f (ε) (γ QK /ε) ½ for a wide variety of liquids and conditions (ε, and γ are, respectively, the dielectric constant of the liquid and the coefficient of interfacial tension; f (ε) is shown in figure 11). The following explanation is proposed for this behaviour. Convection associated with the liquid flow Q transports the net surface charge towards the cone tip. This upsets the electrostatic surface charge distribution slightly at distances r from the apex large compared to a certain charge relaxation length λ, but substantially when r ∼ λ. When the fluid motion is modelled as a sink flow, λ is of the order of r * = ( Q εε 0 / K ) $\frac13$ (ε 0 is the electrical permittivity of vacuum). If, in addition, the surface charge density is described through Taylor's theory, the corresponding surface current convected towards the apex scales as I s ∼ (γ QK /ε) ½ , as observed for the spray current. The sink flow hypothesis is shown to be realistic for sufficiently small jet Reynolds numbers. In a few photographs of ethylene glycol cone jets, we find the rough scaling d j ∼ 0.4 r * for the jet diameter, which shows that the jet forms as soon as charge relaxation effects set in. In the limit ε [Gt ] 1, an upper bound is found for the convected current at the virtual cone apex, which accounts for only one-quarter of the total measured spray current. The rest of the charge must accordingly reach the head of the jet by conduction through the bulk.
CD44 Participates in IP-10 Induction in Cells in Which Hepatitis C Virus RNA Is Replicating, through an Interaction with Toll-Like Receptor 2 and Hyaluronan (2012)

The mechanisms of induction of liver injury during chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) are not well understood. Gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), a member of the CXC chemokine family, is expressed in the liver of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients and selectively recruits activated T cells to the sites of inflammation. Recently, it was shown that a low plasma concentration of IP-10 in CHC patients was closely associated with the outcome of antiviral therapy. In this study, we examined the role of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway on IP-10 production in cells replicating HCV. Among the CXC chemokines, the expression of IP-10 was specifically increased in cells replicating HCV upon stimulation with conventional TLR2 ligands. The enhancement of IP-10 production upon stimulation with TLR2 ligands in cells replicating HCV induced CD44 expression. CD44 is a broadly distributed type I transmembrane glycoprotein and a receptor for the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA). In CHC patients, the expression of HA in serum has been shown to increase in accord with the progression of liver fibrosis, and HA also works as a ligand for TLR2. In the present study, IP-10 production upon HA stimulation was dependent on the expression of TLR2 and CD44, and a direct association between TLR2 and CD44 was observed. These results suggest that endogenous expression of HA in hepatocytes in CHC patients participates in IP-10 production through an engagement of TLR2 and CD44.
Fabrication and Characterization of Needle-Type (2002)

Needle-type disk shaped Pt-microelectrodes have been fabricated by simultaneous pulling of a quartz-glass capillary and an inserted Pt-wire using a laser puller. After polishing, microelectrodes with sub-μm diameter were obtained with the smallest diameter as little as about 10 nm. These nanoelectrodes have been characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry in aqueous and organic electrolyte, and Z-approach curves in scanning electrochemical microscopy. The fabrication procedure is described in detail in order to allow its easy application in other laboratories.
Idiotypic cross-reactions of monoclonal human lupus autoantibodies. (1983)

Idiotypic cross-reactions were evaluated in 60 polynucleotide-binding monoclonal lupus autoantibodies produced by human-human hybridomas that were derived from seven unrelated patients with SLE. Three antiidiotype reagents were prepared by immunization of rabbits or a mouse with monoclonal autoantibodies from two patients. Binding of the three reagents to their corresponding idiotypes was inhibited by one or more polynucleotides, an indication that the antiidiotypes reacted with the variable regions of the autoantibodies. Each antiidiotype appeared to detect a different idiotypic determinant. Of the 60 monoclonal autoantibodies tested, 40 reacted in one or more competitive immunoassays; 15 reacted with one antiidiotype, 10 reacted with two antiidiotypes and 15 reacted with three antiidiotypes. A monoclonal antiidiotype reagent cross-reacted with autoantibodies from six of the seven patients. The idiotypic cross-reactions of immunoglobulins from unrelated patients suggest that the autoantibodies are derived from related families of germ line genes that are expressed by patients with SLE.
Distinct Aggregation of β- and γ-Chains of the High-affinity IgE Receptor on Cross-Linking (2000)

The high-affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonRI) on mast cells and basophils consists of a ligand-binding alpha-chain and two kinds of signaling chains, a beta-chain and disulfide-linked homodimeric gamma-chains. Crosslinking by multivalent antigen results in the aggregation of the bound IgE/alpha-chain complexes at the cell surface, triggering cell activation, and subsequent internalization through coated pits. However, the precise topographical alterations of the signaling beta- and gamma-chains during stimulation remain unclarified despite their importance in ligand binding/signaling coupling. Here we describe the dynamics of FcepsilonRI subunit distribution in rat basophilic leukemia cells during stimulation as revealed by immunofluorescence and immunogold electron microscopy. Immunolocalization of beta- and gamma-chains was homogeneously distributed on the cell surfaces before stimulation, while crosslinking with multivalent antigen, which elicited optimal degranulation, caused a distinct aggregation of these signaling chains on the cell membrane. Moreover, only gamma- but not beta-chains were aggregated during the stimulation that evoked suboptimal secretion. These findings suggest that high-affinity IgE receptor beta- and gamma-chains do not co-aggregate but for the most part form homogenous aggregates of beta-chains or gamma-chains after crosslinking.
An all-polymer charge storage device (1997)

Conducting polymers that can be switched between a neutral state and a doped state are of interest for charge storage applications. We report on the fabrication of an all-polymer charge storage device incorporating derivatized polythiophene films electropolymerized onto graphite-coated polymeric supports and a polymer gel electrolyte film. The devices exhibited discharge voltages of about 2.4 V and capacities of 9.5–11.5 mAh g−1. The elimination of any metallic components or liquids and the lightweight and flexible construction provides a unique approach for the fabrication of organic power sources.
Radio Communications Concepts: Analog (1990)

Linear Mixing. Nonlinear Mixing. Noise I. Special Functions and Filters. Amplitude--Modulation Processes. Angle Modulation. Noise II. The Superheterodyne Radio Receiver. Spurious Responses. Intercept Points. Appendices. Bibliography. Index.
Electrically controlled integrated optical filter (2004)

The possibility of electric control over the spectral transfer function of an integrated optical filter comprising a reflection Bragg grating in a photorefractive waveguide is demonstrated for the first time. The filter has a spectral selectivity of 0.15 nm, ensures continuous tuning within ∼0.1 nm, and can be electrically switched on and off. The proposed method of control is effective and has good prospects for practical applications.