gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiplexing Efficiency of MIMO Antennas (2011)

A simple and intuitive metric of multiplexing efficiency is proposed for evaluating the performance of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antennas in the spatial multiplexing mode of operation. Apart from gaining valuable insights into the impact of antenna efficiency, efficiency imbalance, and correlation on multiplexing performance, the metric is particularly useful for antenna engineers whose goal is to achieve the optimum antenna system design. Experimental results involving prototype mobile terminals highlight the effectiveness of our proposal.
A new sensitive and specific test for the detection of aldehydes: formation of 6-mercapto-3-substituted-s-triazolo[4,3-b]-s-tetrazines (1970)

R. G. Dickinson and N. W. Jacobsen, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1970, 1719 DOI: 10.1039/C29700001719
Utilizing acid pretreatment and electrospinning to improve biocompatibility of poly(glycolic acid) for tissue engineering (2004)

Poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) has a long history as a bioresorbable polymer. Its biocompatibility is widely accepted, yet PGA is often rejected as a soft-tissue scaffold because of fibrous encapsulation. The goal of this study was to improve the soft-tissue biocompatibility of PGA by producing scaffolds composed of small-diameter fibers through electrospinning and subjecting these scaffolds to a concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCL) pretreatment. The theory is that small-diameter fibers will elicit a reduced immune response and HCl treatment will improve cellular interactions. Scaffolds were characterized in terms of fiber diameter and pore area via image-analysis software. Biocompatibility was assessed through a WST-1 cell-proliferation assay (in vitro) with the use of rat cardiac fibroblasts and rat intramuscular implantations (in vivo). Fibers produced ranged in diameter from 0.22 to 0.88 microm with pore areas from 1.84 to 13.22 microm(2). The untreated scaffold composed of 0.88-microm fibers was encapsulated in vivo and supported the lowest rates of cell proliferation. On the contrary, the acid pretreated scaffold with 0.22-microm fibers was incorporated into the surrounding tissue and exhibited proliferation rates that exceeded the control populations on tissue-culture plastic. In conclusion, this study has shown the ability to improve the biocompatibility of PGA through acid pretreatment of scaffolds comprised of submicron fiber diameters.
N ε ‐Carboxymethyl‐Lysine Negatively Regulates Foam Cell Migration via the Vav1/Rac1 Pathway (2020)

CML inhibits the migration of foam cells from blood vessels via the Vav1/Rac1 pathway, and this process affects the formation of lamellipodia.
CHIRAL CHEMISTRY (2004)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTCHIRAL CHEMISTRYTraditional methods thrive because numerous hurdles, including tough luck, slow down the commercialization of catalytic processesA. MAUREEN ROUHView Author Information C&EN WASHINGTONCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2004, 82, 24, 47–62Publication Date (Print):June 14, 2004Publication History Published online14 November 2010Published inissue 14 June 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v082n024.p047https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v082n024.p047newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views61Altmetric-Citations134LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Biocatalysis,Chromatography,Flavor,Pharmaceuticals,Separation science Get e-Alerts
Detection and quantification of type C viral proteins in tissues and sera with an enzyme immunoassay (1980)

The detection and quantification of retroviral proteins in cells, tumors, and sera by an enzyme immunoassay technique (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) is described. The ELISA technique has been applied to three viral systems: murine leukemia virus, baboon endogenous virus, and simian sarcoma virus. By detecting 0.1 nf of retroviral antigen, the sensitivity of the ELISA is comparable to that of the competition radioimmunoassay technique.
Deficiencies in suppressor T cell activity seen in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus are due to the dilution of normally functioning suppressor T cells by nonsuppressor T cells. (1986)

Concanavalin A (Con A)-activated T lymphocytes from patients with active, but not inactive, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) failed to express normal suppressor activity, regardless of the phenotype of CD4+ or CD8+. Con A-activated CD4+ or CD8+ T lymphocytes from the SLE patients and from normal controls were further separated into two populations, using the autologous erythrocyte rosette technique. One population very rich in cells capable of forming rosettes with autologous erythrocytes from the active patients showed the same degree of suppressor activity, as did that from normal controls; the CD4+ or CD8+ population poor in autorosetting cells derived from Con A-activated T lymphocytes from both the controls and patients did not express suppressor activity. Moreover, when autorosetting T cells from the active patients and nonrosetting cells from the same patients were mixed at a normal ratio (4:6), normal suppressor activity could be restored. It was notable that the frequency of autorosette-forming cells was markedly reduced in the Con A-activated T lymphocytes from the active, but not inactive, SLE patients, regardless of the phenotype of CD4+ or CD8+. These findings indicate the presence of a normally functioning suppressor T cell population in patients with active SLE. It seems that the lack of suppressor T cell function in patients with active SLE is due to the dilution of a few normal suppressor T cells by large numbers of nonsuppressor T lymphocytes.
CD4+T Helper 1 Cells Facilitate Regression of Murine Lyme Carditis (2001)

Murine Lyme borreliosis, caused by infection with the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, results in acute arthritis and carditis that regress as a result of B. burgdorferi-specific immune responses. B. burgdorferi-specific antibodies can attenuate arthritis in mice deficient in both B cells and T cells but have no effect on carditis. Because macrophages comprise the principal immune cell in carditis, T-cell responses that augment cell-mediated immunity may be important for carditis regression. To investigate this hypothesis, we examined the course of Lyme carditis in mice selectively deficient in B cells or alphabeta T cells. Our results show that carditis regresses in B-cell-deficient B10.A(k) mice but not in alphabeta T-cell-deficient mice, independently of the mouse strain background. Despite prominent macrophage infiltrates, hearts from B. burgdorferi-infected alphabeta T-cell-deficient mice had less mRNA for tumor necrosis factor alpha as measured by reverse transcription-PCR compared to infected control mice. Anti-inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels were equivalent. Adoptive transfer of gamma interferon-secreting CD4+ T cells into infected alphabeta T-cell-deficient mice promoted carditis resolution. These results show that alphabeta T cells can promote resolution of murine Lyme carditis and are the first demonstration of a beneficial role for CD4+ T helper 1 cells in this disease.
Highly Efficient Red‐Emission Polymer Phosphorescent Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on Two Novel Tris(1‐phenylisoquinolinato‐C2,N)iridium(III) Derivatives (2007)

Tris(2-phenylpyridine) iridium (Ir(ppy)3) derivatives are used to fabricate highly efficient red-emission phosphorescent polymer LEDs. The continuous tuning of the electron current to balance the hole current perfectly, by changing the thickness of the electron-injection layer, is demonstrated. Peak efficiencies of 16.9 cd A–1 and 17.6 lm W–1 are achieved for red emission (see figure).
Region-selective sharpening of magnetic resonance images (1988)

In many applications requiring a careful inspection of nuclear magnetic resonance images, preprocessing techniques can be used to enhance fine structures and expand the contrast. Nevertheless, due to the large nonstationarity of the bidimensional signal it is unlikely that a single method will perform well on the complete image. Since it is frequently observed that elementary image processing can highlight specific features, the authors propose a data reduction technique corresponding to the optimal combination of different processing results into a composite image which benefits from all elementary information. An adaptive implementation of this approach, based on the subdivision of the original images into rectangular surfaces, is described. The method is used to generate images with enhanced contrast and less noise.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Focused microarray analysis of glyco‐gene expression in human glioblastomas (2007)

Altered glycosylation has been linked to cancer cell metastasis and invasivity. We have previously shown that expressing a specific sialyltransferase gene in gliomas inhibited tumor formation, in vivo. In order to identify other "glyco-gene" targets with therapeutic potential, focused 45-mer oligonucleotide microarrays were constructed containing all of the cloned human glyco-genes. Gene expression profiles of normal human brain and malignant gliomas were compared and microarray datasets analyzed using significance analysis of microarrays algorithms. There were 11 genes more highly expressed in gliomas compared to normal brain and 25 genes more highly expressed in normal brain compared to gliomas. Among the most noteworthy were high levels of MAN2A2 and ST6GalNAcV in normal brain tissue and high levels of POFUT1 and CHI3L1 in the gliomas, all changes corroborated by qRT-PCR. Historically, identification of changes in tumor-associated glycoconjugate expression was obtained by measuring individual enzyme activities or structural changes of specific molecules. With microarray technology, it is possible to measure all of genes associated with glycoconjugate biosynthesis and degradation simultaneously. Our data demonstrate that there are many significant and novel differences in glyco-gene expression that represent potential targets for the development of therapeutics for the treatment of brain tumors.
Genetic Retargeting of Adenovirus: Novel Strategy Employing “Deknobbing” of the Fiber (2001)

For efficient and versatile use of adenovirus (Ad) as an in vivo gene therapy vector, modulation of the viral tropism is highly desirable. In this study, a novel method to genetically alter the Ad fiber tropism is described. The knob and the last 15 shaft repeats of the fiber gene were deleted and replaced with an external trimerization motif and a new cell-binding ligand, in this case the integrin-binding motif RGD. The corresponding recombinant fiber retained the basic biological functions of the natural fiber, i.e., trimerization, nuclear import, penton formation, and ligand binding. The recombinant fiber bound to integrins but failed to react with antiknob antibody. For virus production, the recombinant fiber gene was rescued into the Ad genome at the exact position of the wild-type (WT) fiber to make use of the native regulation of fiber expression. The recombinant virus Ad5/FibR7-RGD yielded plaques on 293 cells, but the spread through the monolayer was two to three times delayed compared to WT, and the ratio of infectious to physical particles was 20 times lower. Studies on virus tropism showed that Ad5/FibR7-RGD was able to infect cells which did not express the coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR), but did express integrins. Ad5/FibR7-RGD virus infectivity was unchanged in the presence of antiknob antibody, which neutralized the WT virus. Ad5/FibR7-RGD virus showed an expanded tropism, which is useful when gene transfer to cells not expressing CAR is needed. The described method should also make possible the construction of Ad genetically retargeted via ligands other than RGD.
Neuropeptide Y inhibits Ca2+ influx into cultured dorsal root ganglion neurones of the rat via a Y2 receptor (1991)

1. The identity of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor associated with the observed inhibition of neuronal Ca2+ currents (ICa) in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells has been established on the basis of agonist responses to analogues and carboxy terminal (C-terminal) fragments of the NPY molecule. 2. Whole cell barium currents (IBa) in DRG cells were reversibly inhibited by 100 nM NPY, 100 nM PYY and C-terminal fragments of NPY in a manner that correlated with the length of the NPY fragments (for inhibition of the IBa NPY = PYY greater than NPY2-36 greater than NPY13-36 greater than NPY16-36 greater than NPY18-36 much greater than NPY25-36). 3. C-terminal fragments of NPY were also effective in reversibly reducing the ICa, the associated increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration [( Ca2+]i) and the increased [Ca2+]i produced by evoked action potentials in the DRG cells. In addition, a Ca(2+)-activated Cl- conductance was also reversibly reduced by NPY fragments only when accompanied by a reduction in Ca2+ entry. 4. We conclude that the Y2 receptor for neuropeptide Y is coupled to inhibition of Ca2+ influx via voltage-sensitive calcium channels in DRG cells.
Recent advances in basic and clinical aspects of inflammatory bowel disease: Which steps in the mucosal inflammation should we block for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (2007)

There are four steps in the interaction between intestinal microbes and mucosal inflammation in genetically predisposed individuals from the viewpoints of basic and clinical aspects of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The first step is an interaction between intestinal microbes or their components and intestinal epithelial cells via receptors, the second step an interaction between macrophages and dendritic cells and mucosal lymphocytes, the third step an interaction between lymphocytes and vascular endothelial cells, and the fourth step an interaction between lymphocytes and granulocytes producing proinflammatory cytokines or free radicals and mucosal damage and repair. Recent therapeutic approaches for IBD aim to block these four steps in the intestinal inflammation of patients with IBD.
Texture classification using a two-stage neural network approach (2005)

In this article, we present a two stage neural network structure which combines the self-organizing map (SOM) and the multilayer perceptron (MLP) for the problem of texture classification. The texture features are extracted using a multichannel approach. These channels comprise of a set of Gabor filters having different sizes, orientations and frequencies to constitute N-dimensional feature vectors. The SOM acts as a clustering mechanism to map these N-dimensional feature vectors onto a 2D space. This in turn forms the feature space to feed into MLP for training and subsequent classification. It is shown that this mechanism increases the inter-class separation and decreases the intra-class distance in the feature space, hence reduces the classification complexity. Also, the reduction in the dimensionality of the feature space results in reduction of the learning time of the MLP.
TRALI due to granulocyte‐agglutinating human neutrophil antigen‐3a (5b) alloantibodies in donor plasma: a report of 2 fatalities (2003)

It is concluded that female blood donors with only two previous pregnancies can form clinically important granulocyte-reactive alloantibodies leading to fatal TRALI reactions in recipients. The sometimes devastating consequences of TRALI should prompt the development of strategies to prevent or reduce its incidence. Further research is warranted to investigate recipient and donor factors responsible for TRALI, including whether 5b (HNA-3a) alloantibodies are especially prone to cause severe reactions, and to better characterize the HNA-3a (5b) antigen, particularly at the molecular level.
Detection of New Vessels on the Optic Disc Using Retinal Photographs (2011)

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is a rare condition likely to lead to severe visual impairment. It is characterized by the development of abnormal new retinal vessels. We describe a method for automatically detecting new vessels on the optic disc using retinal photography. Vessel-like candidate segments are first detected using a method based on watershed lines and ridge strength measurement. Fifteen feature parameters, associated with shape, position, orientation, brightness, contrast and line density are calculated for each candidate segment. Based on these features, each segment is categorized as normal or abnormal using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. The system was trained and tested by cross-validation using 38 images with new vessels and 71 normal images from two diabetic retinal screening centers and one hospital eye clinic. The discrimination performance of the fifteen features was tested against a clinical reference standard. Fourteen features were found to be effective and used in the final test. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.911 for detecting images with new vessels on the disc. This accuracy may be sufficient for it to play a useful clinical role in an automated retinopathy analysis system.
Valbenazine for tardive dyskinesia: A systematic review of the efficacy and safety profile for this newly approved novel medication-What is the number needed to treat, number needed to harm and likelihood to be helped or harmed? (2017)

Valbenazine is presently the only US Food and Drug Administration-approved agent specifically indicated for the treatment of TD. Valbenazine is about 15 times more likely to result in a response than in a discontinuation because of an adverse event. Head-to-head comparisons with other VMAT2 inhibitors among patients with TD in the 'real world' are needed.
Rapid volumetric angiography of cortical microvasculature with optical coherence tomography (2009)

We describe methods and algorithms for rapid volumetric imaging of cortical vasculature with optical coherence tomography (OCT). By optimizing system design, scanning protocols, and algorithms for visualization of capillary flow, comprehensive imaging of the surface pial vasculature and capillary bed is performed in approximately 12 s. By imaging during hypercapnia and comparing with simultaneous CCD imaging, the sources of contrast of OCT angiography are investigated.
Purification and analysis with monoclonal antibodies of P2, the major outer membrane protein of nontypable Haemophilus influenzae (1988)

The protein P2 comprises a large proportion of the outer membrane of nontypable Haemophilus influenzae and functions as a porin. In view of the importance of the protein as a surface antigen, the present study was designed to purify and analyze P2 with particular emphasis on detection of antigenic determinants expressed on the bacterial surface and identification of bactericidal targets on P2. The P2 protein was purified by using detergent solubility, anion-exchange chromatography, and gel-filtration chromatography sequentially. Two monoclonal antibodies to P2 were developed. One antibody (2E6) recognized a determinant expressed on the bacterial surface, whereas the other antibody (3F3) recognized an internal epitope. The surface-exposed 2E6 determinant was present on 12% of strains from a nationwide collection. P2 is a bactericidal target for antibody 2E6. Cyanogen bromide cleavage of P2 resulted in two fragments, as in type b strains. Both monoclonal antibodies recognized epitopes on the larger fragment. These observations have potentially important implications regarding the development of vaccines to prevent H. influenzae infections and the development of a serotyping system for epidemiologic studies.
Mechanisms of the Killing and Development of Spores of Bacillus Species (2009)

Abstract : Notable findings in the final year of support include the following. 1) The proteins that comprise the mechanosensitive channels were fused to Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) and localized in Bacillus subtilis cells. All of these proteins were in the plasma membrane, and at least two may be in a helical array. 2) The phospholipid composition of B. subtilis spores' inner membrane could be altered drastically without large effects on spore resistance or germination. 3) Spores of a cotE gerE mutant lacked most coat layers but retained a thin layer of insoluble coat proteins. 4) A major reason for the effort to prepare and characterize the cotE gerE spores was that it was hoped that these spores would be: a) generally stained less well by hydrophobic stains that often bind non-specifically to the spore's outer layer(s), presumably by adsorbing to spore coats; stains in this category include nucleic acid stains such as DAPI and acridine orange, as well as various membrane potential-sensitive dyes; and b) less autofluorescent. 5) Dormant B. subtilis spores give a distinctive X-ray scattering pattern. We used spores of mutants lacking the DNA protective alpha/beta-type small, acid-soluble spore proteins, as well as cotE, gerE and cotE gerE spores to show that one or more coat proteins under the direct or indirect control of the GerE transcription factor is responsible for the X-ray scattering. 6) We studied the physical state of water in B. subtilis spores. This work led to three major conclusions: a) the water in the spore core is not in a glass-like state; b) proteins in the spore core are rotationally immobilized; and c) the rate of permeation of water across the spore's inner membrane is at least several orders of magnitude slower than rates of permeation across a growing cell membrane.
Measurement of the thickness of fundus layers by partial coherence tomography (1995)

In the past few years, a new noninvasive optical ranging technique, partial coherence interferometry, has been developed to measure various intraocular distances. A dual-beam version of this method offers high longitudinal resolution by using laser light with high spatial coherence but short coherence length-15 μm (full width at half maximum)-emitted by a special super luminescent diode. This technique is extended to obtain measurements not only parallel to the vision axis but at arbitrary horizontal and vertical angles to it. This is achieved by a new instrument, a fully computer controlled scanning partial coherence interferometer. By tilting the laser beam in horizontal and vertical directions, this scanning partial coherence interferometer measures the distance from the anterior corneal surface to different points of the retina. These results are then plotted to form topographic images containing information about the contour and the thickness profile of different retinal structures, e.g., the retinal thickness and the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. Provided that there is no other strong reflection nearby, the absolute position of these retinal layers (respective to the cornea as a reference surface) can be determined <i>in vivo</i> with a precision of 5 μm. Furthermore, the intensities of multiple longitudinal scans at different angles between vision axis and measurement direction can be converted into pixel colors and mounted to form a 2-D false color image. These tomograms show the contour and the structure of different retinal layers.