gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Nação Inexistente. (2002)

PURPOSE Evaluation of disease-related symptom improvement rate by the Lung Cancer Subscale (LCS) of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lung (FACT-L) questionnaire was a coprimary end point of the pivotal phase II trial of gefitinib (Iressa; AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE) conducted in the United States. This report includes the results of analyses exploring the relationship between weekly LCS scores and radiographic response and survival, as well as detailed protocol-specified analysis of symptom and quality-of-life data. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this trial, 216 symptomatic patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had at least two prior chemotherapy regimens received gefitinib 250 or 500 mg/d. Disease-related symptoms were assessed weekly and quality of life was assessed monthly by LCS and FACT-L, respectively. Results Symptom improvement was rapid and correlated with tumor response and survival. At the recommended gefitinib dose of 250 mg/d, median overall survival times were 13.6 and 4.6 months for patients with and without symptom improvement, respectively, and 9.7 months for patients with symptom improvement without tumor response. Among patients with stable disease or disease progression, those with symptom improvement had significantly better overall survival than those without improvement. At 250 mg/d, 30% of patients showed a quality-of-life improvement that was correlated with tumor response. CONCLUSION This triadic analysis of response, survival, and symptom data supports the hypothesis that tumor response and symptom response are related and that each predicts survival. Among these NSCLC patients treated with gefitinib, symptom improvement was complementary to and, for most patients, preceded evidence of radiographic regression.
Suppression of Hydroxyl Radical Formation and Protection of Nigral Neurons by l‐Deprenyl (Selegiline) (1996)

The present study clearly demonstrated that l-deprenyl confers a substantial protective effect against MPP+ in the substantia nigra zona compacta in vivo. 32.39. The protection provided by l-deprenyl may not depend on its inhibition of type B monoamine oxidase. A unique antioxidant property of l-deprenyl by suppression of cycotoxic. OH formation and associated oxidative damage induced by MPP+ in the A9 melanized nigral neurons may contribute to the protection against MPP+ toxicity in the nigrostriatal system. The likelihood that l-deprenyl may confer neuroprotection against MPP+ toxicity through antioxidant effect is further strongly supported by our recent data that U-78517F (2-methlaminochromans) a potent inhibitor of ironcatalyzed lipid peroxidation, and DMSO an effective. OH scavenger also protect nigral neurons against MPP(+)-induced severe oxidative injury in the substantia nigra. This putative antioxidant effect of deprenyl may explore another mechanism which may in part contribute to its overt neuroprotection against several toxins, including 6-OHDA, DSP-4, and MPTP, and the possible clinical effects on slowing the neuronal degeneration in early Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disorder and even senescent changes.
Effects of Collagen IV on Cisplatin-Induced Apoptosis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells (2007)

Drug resistance is one of the major causes in treatment failure of non-small cell lung cancer. Interactions between tumor cells and extracellular matrix have been shown to be one of the mechanisms. We investigated the expression of extracellular matrix proteins and the effects of collagen IV on cisplatin-induced apoptosis in cisplatin-sensitive and -resistance lung cancer cells. Extracellular matrix may provide protection against cisplatin-induced apoptosis of lung cancer cells. Integrin β(1) signaling and PI3-Kinase pathway may be important survival pathways of drug-induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells, and activation of this pathway may contribute to the generation of drug resistance.
The Toxic Effect of Sodium L-Glutamate on the Inner Layers of the Retina (1957)

L-Glutamic acid and its sodium salt have been widely used in the oral treatment of petit mal and mental deficiency (e. g., Zimmerman, Burgemeister, and Putnam, 1949; Milliken and Standen, 1951). Single doses of 20-30 gm. have also been administered intravenously without permanent illeffects (Sapirstein, 1943; Elman, 1946; Mayer-Gross and Walker, 1949; Weil-Malherbe, 1949). During an investigation of the influence of various substances of biochemical importance upon the progress in the mouse of an hereditary retinal dystrophy it was observed that the parenteral administration of sodium L-glutamate damaged the inner layers of the retina, which are not themselves involved in the genetic lesion. Since this lesion could also be produced in normal mice, a limited study was made of its histological development and the conditions necessary for its appearance in mouselings and adults of the Strong A2 (Glaxo) strain. Among substances related chemically or physiologically to glutamate, which were also
The effect of monoclonal antibodies to calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) on CGRP‐induced vasodilatation in pig coronary artery rings (1992)

1. The modification of the vasodilator effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) by a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), which map to discrete epitopes on the CGRP molecule, was investigated in pig coronary artery rings (PCA). The preparations were pre-constricted with acetylcholine (3 x 10(-7) M) and concentration-response curves to CGRP (2 x 10(-10)-2.56 x 10(-8) M) were obtained in the presence or absence of each MAb. 2. CGRP caused a concentration-dependent relaxation of PCAs which reached a maximum (98.2 +/- 4.8%, n = 25) at 1.28 x 10(-8) M and gave an EC50 of 3.8 +/- 0.8 x 10(-9) M. 3. Two MAbs which map to the N-terminal, CN1 and CRA3, did not affect the CGRP response whilst a third, CRA5, significantly inhibited its effect. 4. The C-terminal MAb, CRA2, did not modify the CGRP response whilst, in contrast, CB3 (C-terminal) potentiated its effect. A similar augmentation of the CGRP-induced vasodilatation was seen in the presence of the middle-region MAb, CRA8. 5. These results suggest that regional specific MAbs can modify the vasodilator effect of CGRP causing either inhibition (CRA5, N-terminal) or potentiation (CB3, C-terminal; CRA8, middle region).
Highly Selective Chromogenic and Redox or Fluorescent Sensors of Hg2+ in Aqueous Environment Based on 1,4-Disubstituted Azines (2005)

Two new chemosensors that exhibit high affinity and high selectivity for Hg2+ in aqueous environment which operate through two different channels, optic/redox and optic/fluorescent, are reported. The optical change in sensing can be used even for a "naked-eye" detection of Hg2+ ions, whereas the fluorescent response can be modulated by varying the solvent polarity.
Endothelin mediates the renal vasoconstriction induced by cyclosporine in the rat. (1990)

The effect of cyclosporine on renal function was first investigated in the isolated perfused rat kidney. Kidneys from normal male Sprague-Dawley rats were perfused at constant pressure. After control clearance periods, cyclosporine (0.6, 1.2, or 3 mg/min) or vehicle was infused over 5 min period in the renal artery and then four 10-min experimental periods followed. Cyclosporine, but not vehicle caused a dose dependent fall in renal perfusate flow associated with a concomitant increase in renal vascular resistance. Glomerular filtration rate was also decreased in parallel. We also examined whether endogenous endothelin mediates cyclosporine-induced acute renal vasoconstriction. In isolated kidneys pre-exposed to specific anti-endothelin antibody and then challenged with cyclosporine (1.2 mg/min) the renal perfusate flow, renal resistance, and glomerular filtration rate were 22.3 +/- 1.8 ml/min, 4.50 +/- 0.36 mmHg/ml.min-1, 1.06 +/- 0.05 ml/min, respectively, as compared with 12.9 +/- 1.2 ml/min, 7.8 +/- 1.2 mmHg/ml.min-1, 0.55 +/- 0.06 ml/min (P less than 0.01) measured in isolated kidneys pre-exposed to a non-immunized rabbit serum. The effectiveness and specificity of anti-endothelin antibody were confirmed by its capability of preventing the renal function deterioration caused by a single bolus dose (150 pmol) of synthetic endothelin, but not by infusion of angiotensin II, norepinephrine, or thromboxane A2 mimetic U-46619 in isolated kidneys. To test further the relationship between endogenous endothelin and cyclosporine-induced renal vasoconstriction, a second series of in vivo studies was performed in normal rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hematopoietic growth factor receptor genes as markers of lineage commitment during in vitro development of hematopoietic cells [see comments] (1993)

We have used two in vitro models to identify genes whose expression may serve as markers of lineage commitment during the development of hematopoietic stem cells. One system involves the development in vitro of blastocyst-derived embryonic stem cells into embryoid bodies. The second involves culturing of day 3.5 blastocysts in vitro under conditions that support their development into yolk saclike cysts. In both cases, hematopoietic cells arise in a manner that closely mimics the normal process occurring in the yolk sac of the early mouse embryo. We have focused our analysis on the expression of mRNAs for 15 hematopoietic growth factor receptor genes and other genes expressed in a hematopoietic lineage-specific manner. Although some growth factor receptor genes are apparently expressed constitutively during in vitro development, there are several classes of genes that undergo a highly consistent pattern of induction in both model systems. Genes induced early include those encoding the shared beta subunits of the interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-5, and granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptors; those induced at intermediate times include the c-fms, G-CSF receptor, and CD34 genes; and a gene induced late during in vitro development is the IL-7 receptor gene. The defined temporal order for the expression of these genes suggests that they may be useful as markers for multiple stages in the development of different hematopoietic cell lineages during embryogenesis.
Point of view - Oncology nurses are vital to adherence (2013)

ACCORDING TO recent newspaper reports, many women who have been prescribed tamoxifen have stopped taking the drug because of its unbearable side effects. This is the headline news from an economic evaluation published in the British Journal of Cancer (McCowan et al 2013), which aimed to determine the cost effectiveness of adherence to tamoxifen. However, the article does not explore reasons for non-adherence and there is little reference to toxic side effects.
Air-Ground, Ground-Air Communications Using Pseudo-Noise Through a Satellite (1968)

An air-ground, ground-air communications system that utilizes a satellite and a central control facility is described. The double-hop pseudo-noise system advantages, including equal sharing of power, use of frequency translating repeaters, optimum multipath rejection, and acceptable power densities on the ground are discussed. The selection of code division is presented together with an analysis of signal-to-noise ratios with a varied input. Modulation schemes are discussed, pro and con, and the effective radiated power versus antenna sizes for several combinations are analyzed.
Integrating multimedia in geographical information systems (1996)

Developments in multimedia and scientific visualization have greatly expanded the technical capabilities of geographic information systems. Users can visually explore, analyze, and present data and gain insight on spatial relations and patterns. But how do users manage all the information that reaches them? Highly-structured interfaces such as hypermaps, discussed here, are a necessary and useful way to structure multimedia components and let users easily navigate data sets.
High Performance Inductors on CMOS-Grade Trenched Silicon Substrate (2008)

This paper reports on a new implementation of high-quality factor copper inductors on CMOS-grade silicon substrates (p = 10-20 Omega ldr cm) using a CMOS-compatible process. A low-temperature fabrication sequence (<300degC) is used to reduce the loss in silicon at RF frequencies by trenching the silicon substrate. The high aspect-ratio (30:1) trenches are subsequently bridged over or refilled with a low-loss dielectric to close the open areas and create a rigid low-loss island, referred to as Trenched Si Island. This method does not require air suspension of the inductors, resulting in mechanically-robust structures that are compatible with any packaging technology. A one-turn 0.8 nH inductor fabricated on a Trenched Silicon Island exhibits a very high peak quality factor of 71 at 8.75 GHz with a self-resonant frequency larger than 15 GHz.
Metagenomic Analyses of Viruses in Stool Samples from Children with Acute Flaccid Paralysis (2009)

We analyzed viral nucleic acids in stool samples collected from 35 South Asian children with nonpolio acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). Sequence-independent reverse transcription and PCR amplification of capsid-protected, nuclease-resistant viral nucleic acids were followed by DNA sequencing and sequence similarity searches. Limited Sanger sequencing (35 to 240 subclones per sample) identified an average of 1.4 distinct eukaryotic viruses per sample, while pyrosequencing yielded 2.6 viruses per sample. In addition to bacteriophage and plant viruses, we detected known enteric viruses, including rotavirus, adenovirus, picobirnavirus, and human enterovirus species A (HEV-A) to HEV-C, as well as numerous other members of the Picornaviridae family, including parechovirus, Aichi virus, rhinovirus, and human cardiovirus. The viruses with the most divergent sequences relative to those of previously reported viruses included members of a novel Picornaviridae genus and four new viral species (members of the Dicistroviridae, Nodaviridae, and Circoviridae families and the Bocavirus genus). Samples from six healthy contacts of AFP patients were similarly analyzed and also contained numerous viruses, particularly HEV-C, including a potentially novel Enterovirus genotype. Determining the prevalences and pathogenicities of the novel genotypes, species, genera, and potential new viral families identified in this study in different demographic groups will require further studies with different demographic and patient groups, now facilitated by knowledge of these viral genomes.
Osteoclastogenesis--current knowledge and future perspectives. (2009)

The strength and integrity of the human skeleton depends on a delicate equilibrium between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. This equilibrium is continuously compromised by a variety of genetic, humoral, and mechanical alterations. In osteoporosis, this balance shifts in favor of osteoclasts, and bone resorption exceeds bone formation. More detailed knowledge of the biology of osteoclasts and osteoclastogenesis has shown that the involved procedures can provide opportunities for developing therapeutic agents. Osteoclastogenesis is a multi-complex procedure that includes many stages, and each one of them presents as a potential target for therapeutic intervention, except for the stage of commitment of pre-osteoclasts,at least for the time being. Because the osteoclast is derived from the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell, any intervention in this stage could result in serious adverse effects from the hematopoietic system. On the contrary, intervention in the later stages of differentiation, multi-nucleation, and activation, has proved to be very promising in the development of novel potent anti-resorptive agents. In the present review we summarized the current knowledge related to osteoclast differentiation and the new developing targets of pharmacological intervention in each stage of this extremely complicated and not completely elucidated process.
Delivery of NKG2D Ligand Using an Anti-HER2 Antibody-NKG2D Ligand Fusion Protein Results in an Enhanced Innate and Adaptive Antitumor Response (2010)

NKG2D ligands link the innate and adapative immune response by activating the receptors expressed on effector cells of both the innate (NK) and adaptive immune systems (CD8(+) T cells). In this study, we explored the potential therapeutic utility of this intersection by fusing the murine NKG2D ligand Rae-1β to the 3' end of an anti-HER2 IgG3 antibody containing an intact Fc domain (anti-HER2 IgG3-Rae-1β), thereby targeting an NK cell activation signal to HER2+ breast tumor cells. The antitumor efficacy of this anti-HER2-Rae-1β fusion protein was examined in a mouse mammary tumor model engineered to express HER2 (EMT6-HER2 cells). We observed an enhanced cytotoxic response of NK effectors against EMT-HER2 cells in vitro. Mice implanted on one flank with EMT6-HER2 cells and contralaterally with control EMT6 cells exhibited rapid regression of EMT6-HER2 tumors but delayed regression of contralateral EMT6 tumors. IFNγ was implicated, given a lack of antitumor efficacy in IFNγ(-/-) mice. Depletion of either NK cells or CD8(+) T cells abrogated tumor growth inhibition, suggesting essential roles for each in the observed antitumor activity. Mice rejecting EMT6-HER2 tumors after anti-HER2-Rae-1β treatment showed markedly decreased tumor growth when rechallenged with EMT6-HER2 or EMT6 cells, whereas both EMT6 and EMT6-HER2 cells grew in control mice, indicating the development of an adaptive memory response. Our findings demonstrate that administration of an antibody-NKG2D ligand fusion protein can enhance innate and adaptive immune antitumor responses, also evoking additional nontargeted antigens to enhance the potential clinical utility of this approach.
Turnip yellow mosaic virus RNA replication on the chloroplast envelope (1985)

Revue concernant la RNA replicase du virus de la mosaique jaune du navet, enzyme liee au chloroplaste, la purification et les proprietes de l'enzyme, la proteine 115 kD, sous-unite codee par le virus et la proteine 45 kD, sous-unite codee par l'hote; la RNA replicase du virus et l'ARN polymerase de l'hote, la replication du virus dans les protoplastes de Brassica sinensis, l'expression de l'ARN viral
Interaction of ATF6 and serum response factor (1997)

Serum response factor (SRF) is a transcription factor which binds to the serum response element (SRE) in the c-fos promoter. It is required for regulated expression of the c-fos gene as well as other immediate-early genes and some tissue-specific genes. To better understand the regulation of SRF, we used a yeast interaction assay to screen a human HeLa cell cDNA library for SRF-interacting proteins. ATF6, a basic-leucine zipper protein, was isolated by binding to SRF and in particular to its transcriptional activation domain. The binding of ATF6 to SRF was also detected in vitro. An ATF6-VP16 chimera activated expression of an SRE reporter gene in HeLa cells, suggesting that ATF6 can interact with endogenous SRF. More strikingly, an antisense ATF6 construct reduced serum induction of a c-fos reporter gene, suggesting that ATF6 is involved in activation of transcription by SRF. ATF6 was previously partially cloned as a member of the ATF family. The complete cDNA of ATF6 was isolated, and its expression pattern was described.
Endolymphatic sac tumors. A source of morbid hearing loss in von Hippel-Lindau disease (1997)

Hearing loss and ELSTs are frequently associated with VHL syndrome and should be considered when screening individuals at risk for VHL and when monitoring patients with an established diagnosis of VHL. Many patients with VHL have hearing loss without radiographic evidence of an ELST. Whether it is caused by an ELST that is too small to be detected by MRI or is produced by some other etiology is still unknown. Audiologic evaluation and MRI should allow early detection and enhance management of hearing loss in these patients.
Parkin Phosphorylation and Modulation of Its E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Activity (2004)

Mutations in the PARKIN gene are the most common cause of hereditary parkinsonism. The parkin protein comprises an N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain, a linker region containing caspase cleavage sites, a unique domain in the central portion, and a special zinc finger configuration termed RING-IBR-RING. Parkin has E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity and is believed to mediate proteasomal degradation of aggregation-prone proteins. Whereas the effects of mutations on the structure and function of parkin have been intensely studied, post-translational modifications of parkin and the regulation of its enzymatic activity are poorly understood. Here we report that parkin is phosphorylated both in human embryonic kidney HEK293 cells and human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. The turnover of parkin phosphorylation was rapid, because inhibition of phosphatases with okadaic acid was necessary to stabilize phosphoparkin. Phosphoamino acid analysis revealed that phosphorylation occurred mainly on serine residues under these conditions. At least five phosphorylation sites were identified, including Ser101, Ser131, and Ser136 (located in the linker region) as well as Ser296 and Ser378 (located in the RING-IBR-RING motif). Casein kinase-1, protein kinase A, and protein kinase C phosphorylated parkin in vitro, and inhibition of casein kinase-1 caused a dramatic reduction of parkin phosphorylation in cell lysates. Induction of protein folding stress in cells reduced parkin phosphorylation, and unphosphorylated parkin had slightly but significantly elevated autoubiquitination activity. Thus, complex regulation of the phosphorylation state of parkin may contribute to the unfolded protein response in stressed cells.
Androgen therapy in AIDS wasting (1998)

Hypogonadism in HIV-infected men has been well described, having a prevalence of about 30%. Its aetiology is a combination of non-specific changes from chronic and acute illness, and specific effects due to HIV infection. A depressed serum testosterone level has been associated with viral or infectious invasion of the endocrine organs, and with medications commonly used in treating HIV infection. Recently, many have noted the association between decreased serum testosterone in men and women, and the wasting syndrome of HIV infection, particularly with a reduction in lean body mass. Our understanding of the risks and benefits of testosterone therapy in non-HIV infected men has grown significantly. Treatment in this population can improve sexual function, quality of life parameters and body composition. Based on this information, a few studies have been carried out, and more are being planned to test the hypothesis that therapy with testosterone or its analogues can benefit HIV-infected men and women with wasting and/or low circulating androgen concentrations. To date, the studies have been inconclusive. Not all studies have shown a statistical benefit of androgen therapy on weight, muscle mass or quality of life. Testosterone is now available in several forms for dosing, which has improved compliance and ease of administration. Its potential risk to the prostate or serum lipids should be monitored closely. Although the beneficial effects of androgenic steroids in HIV-infected men have not been demonstrated clearly, short-term studies suggest that testosterone supplementation may improve metabolic outcomes in HIV-infected men with androgen deficiency.
Detection of Platelet Antibodies by a Newly Developed Mixed Agglutination with Platelets (1981)

Abstract. We have developed a mixed passive haemagglutination test for the detection of platelet antibodies. This test is essentially a combination of a modified test of mixed agglutination and reversed passive haemagglutination. Using this test, platelet allo‐antibodies (HLA antibodies and non‐HLA antibodies) were found to be detected with very high sensitivity in the sera of pregnant women and transfused patients. The platelet crossmatch test was performed for patients who had to receive massive platelet transfusion. There was a good correlation between the result of the crossmatch and clinical platelet recovery.