gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitation of Satellite Cell Proliferation in Vivo Using Image Analysis (1994)

A nonisotopic, double fluorescence technique was developed to study myogenic satellite cell proliferation in posthatch turkey skeletal muscle. Labeled satellite cell nuclei were identified on enzymatically isolated myofiber segments using a mouse monoclonal antibody (anti-BrdU) followed by fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG secondary antibody. Myofiber nuclei (myonuclei+satellite cell nuclei) were counterstained with propidium iodide (PI). The myofiber segment length, myofiber segment diameter, and the number of PI and FITC labeled nuclei contained in each segment was determined using a Nikon fluorescence microscope, a SIT video camera and Image-1 software. Data collected by three different operators of the image analysis system revealed 5.0 +/- 1.4 satellite cell nuclei per 1000 myofiber nuclei and 5284 +/- 462 microns3 of cytoplasm surrounding each myofiber nucleus in the pectoralis thoracicus of 9-week-old tom turkeys. BrdU immunohistochemistry coupled with the new approach of PI staining of whole myofiber mounts is an effective combination to allow the use of an efficient semi-automated image analysis protocol.
Combinatorial peptide and nonpeptide libraries : a handbook (1996)

Partial table of contents: Natural Peptide Libraries of Microbial and Mammalian Origin From Multiple Peptide Synthesis to Peptide Libraries The Versatility of Soluble Combinatorial Libraries Libraries by Automated Synthesis Multiple Sequence Analysis of Natural and Synthetic Peptide Libraries Cyclic Peptide Libraries: Recent Developments Combinatorial Synthesis on Membrane Supports by the SPOT-Technique: Imaging Peptide Sequence and Shape Space Synthesis and Evaluation of 1,4-Benzodiazepine Libraries Supports for Solid Phase Organic Synthesis Q-Mass: A Computer Program for the Analysis of Mass Spectra of Peptide Libraries.
A fast-lock mixed-mode DLL using a 2-b SAR algorithm (2001)

In this paper, a fast-lock mixed-mode delay-locked loop (MMDLL) is presented. The digital part of the MMDLL utilizes a 2-b SAR algorithm to achieve short lock time compared to the conventional RDLL, CDLL, and SARDLL, while the analog part helps to reduce the residue phase error introduced by the digital part and improve the output jitter performance. The measured RMS and peak-to-peak jitters and the static phase error are 6.6, 47, and 12.4 ps, respectively, for a 100-MHz input clock. The power consumption is 15.8 mW in the locked state at a 2.7-V supply voltage. The maximum lock time is 13.5 clock cycles (135 ns) when the residue phase error is within 1 LSB (156 ps).
Profiling the expression of cytochrome P450 in breast cancer (2010)

This study has defined the expression profile of cytochrome P450s in breast cancer and may offer their potential application as biomarkers to aid decisions regarding optimal adjuvant hormonal therapy.
Light-Emitting Efficiency Tuning of Rod-Shaped π Conjugated Systems by Donor and Acceptor Groups (2005)

In view of the increasing importance of highly efficient light-emitting materials in chemistry, biological science, and materials science, we investigated the light-emitting efficiency tuning of rod-shaped oligo(p-phenylene ethynylene)s (OPEs, trimeric to pentameric systems) by donor and acceptor groups, so that they emit the very intense fluorescence (Phif approximately 1.0, log epsilon approximately 5) at 460 nm as the desired wavelength region. This goal was achieved by side modification by MeO (donor) groups and end modification by a CN-substituted benzene ring or CF3-substituted pyridine ring (acceptor) of tetrameric p-phenylene ethynylene rod-shaped molecules (Phif = 0.96, lambdaem = 458 nm, log epsilon = 4.96 for the former and Phif = 0.99, lambdaem = 459 nm, log epsilon = 4.92 for the latter). The high Phif values for 11 and 12 are interpreted in terms of kr (radiative rate constant) and kd (radiationless rate constant). The linear relationship with a positive slope between Phif and the Hammett sigma constant was found for the first time. It is found that kd rather than kr varies with sigmap-X. The photophysical properties (Phif, lambdaem, lambdaabs, log epsilon) were not so altered with the solvent polarity, which could be explained by the dipole moments in the excited and ground states. The results would be valuable for the molecular design of highly efficient light-emitting materials.
Phase diversity for three-dimensional imaging (2013)

Phase diversity (PD) is a powerful technique for estimating wavefront aberrations from two-dimensional images of extended scenes. PD can work with extended incoherent images and, in an adaptive optics system, does not need extra hardware in addition to the deformable mirror. For these reasons, PD should be well suited to aberration measurement in microscopy applications. But, in biological widefield microscopy, the objects being imaged are frequently three-dimensional, and the images contain out-of-focus light. In this paper, we introduce multiplane PD and show that PD can be extended to widefield imaging of three-dimensional objects. This should be particularly useful in the field of biological fluorescence microscopy where the objects are very light sensitive and the aberrations cannot easily be determined.
Small-Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis, Diagnosed with Glucose H2or CH4Breath Tests (1998)

We conclude that the prevalence of SIBO in cirrhotic patients is approximately 35.6% and that it is related to the severity of liver disease. There was no difference among various causes of cirrhosis, such as viral, alcoholic, or idiopathic.
Alkaline Stable C2-Substituted Imidazolium-Based Anion-Exchange Membranes (2013)

The alkaline stability of imidazolium salts and imidazolium-based alkaline anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) was investigated in this work. C2-substituted (with methyl, isopropyl or phenyl groups) imidazolium salts, 3-ethyl-1,2-dimethyl imidazolium bromine ([EDMIm][Br]), 3-ethyl-2-isopropyl-1-methylimidazolium bromine ([EIMIm][Br]), and 3-ethyl-1-methyl-2-phenyl- imidazolium bromine ([EMPhIm][Br]), were synthesized and characterized. The effect of the C2-substitution on the alkaline stability of imidazolium salts was investigated by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Compared with the C2-unsubstituted imidazolium salt, 3-ethyl-1-methylimidazolium bromine ([EMIm][Br]), the alkaline stability of C2-substituted imidazolium salts is significantly enhanced at elevated temperatures, probably due to the steric hindrance of the substituents, which protected the imidazolium cations against the hydroxide attack. Moreover, the higher LUMO energies may also improve the alkaline stability of imidazolium salts. The alkaline stability of C2-substituted imidazolium salts was found to be in the order [EDMIm][Br] > [EIMIm][Br] > [EMPhIm][Br]. This work provides a feasible approach for enhancing the chemical stability of C2-substituted imidazolium salts, which has potential applications for alkaline anion-exchange membranes.
Infused Fc-tagged β-glucuronidase crosses the placenta and produces clearance of storagein uteroin mucopolysaccharidosis VII mice (2008)

Glycosaminoglycan storage begins in prenatal life in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS). In fact, prenatal hydrops is a common manifestation of MPS VII because of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) deficiency. One way to address prenatal storage might be to deliver the missing enzyme across the placenta into the fetal circulation. Maternal IgG is transported across the placenta by the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), which recognizes the Fc domain of IgG and mediates transcytosis from maternal to fetal circulation. We hypothesized that we could exploit this process to deliver corrective enzyme to the fetus. To test this hypothesis, the C-terminal fusion protein, GUS-Fc, was compared with native, untagged, recombinant GUS for clearance from the maternal circulation, delivery to the fetus, and reduction of lysosomal storage in offspring of MPS VII mice. We observed that GUS-Fc, infused into pregnant mothers on embryonic days 17 and 18, was transported across the placenta. Similarly infused untagged GUS was not delivered to the fetus. GUS-Fc plasma enzyme activity in newborn MPS VII mice was 1,000 times that seen after administration of untagged GUS and approximately 100 times that of untreated WT newborns. Reduced lysosomal storage in heart valves, liver, and spleen provided evidence that in utero enzyme replacement therapy with GUS-Fc targeted sites of storage in the MPS VII fetus. We hypothesize that this noninvasive approach could deliver the missing lysosomal enzyme to a fetus with any lysosomal storage disease. It might also provide a method for inducing immune tolerance to the missing enzyme or another foreign protein.
Molecular Analysis of Decreased Interleukin-12 Production in Persons Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (1996)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease is associated with loss of type 1 responses, including interleukin (IL)-12 production. The dramatic drop in p70 production seen at early stages of disease was found not to be associated with a similarly decreased p40 mRNA expression. p35 mRNA expression was more extensively reduced than p40 mRNA expression at these early stages. Monocytes infected in vitro with HIV displayed decreased p35 expression and p70 production, suggesting that such decreased IL-12 expression may contribute to reduced IL-12 production in HIV-positive patients' cells. In addition, treatment of cells with IL-10 increased IL-10 mRNA expression and decreased p40 expression in both HIV-positive and -negative cells, while neutralization of IL-10 increased p40 mRNA levels. These observations, together with the observed hyperproduction of IL-10 in HIV-positive patients, may explain the dysregulation of IL-12 production seen in HIV disease.
Detection of Influenza Viruses Resistant to Neuraminidase Inhibitors in Global Surveillance during the First 3 Years of Their Use (2006)

Emergence of influenza viruses with reduced susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) develops at a low level following drug treatment, and person-to-person transmission of resistant virus has not been recognized to date. The Neuraminidase Inhibitor Susceptibility Network (NISN) was established to follow susceptibility of isolates and occurrence of NAI resistance at a population level in various parts of the world. Isolates from the WHO influenza collaborating centers were screened for susceptibilities to oseltamivir and zanamivir by a chemiluminescent enzyme inhibition assay, and those considered potentially resistant were analyzed by sequence analysis of the neuraminidase genes. During the first 3 years of NAI use (1999 to 2002), 2,287 isolates were tested. Among them, eight (0.33%) viruses had a >10-fold decrease in susceptibility to oseltamivir, one (0.22%) in 1999 to 2000, three (0.36%) in 2000 to 2001, and four (0.41%) in 2001 to 2002. Six had unique changes in the neuraminidase gene compared to neuraminidases of the same subtype in the influenza sequence database. Although only one of the mutations had previously been recognized in persons receiving NAIs, none were from patients who were known to have received the drugs. During the 3 years preceding NAI use, no resistant variants were detected among 1,054 viruses. Drug use was relatively stable during the period, except for an approximate 10-fold increase in oseltamivir use in Japan during the third year. The frequency of variants with decreased sensitivity to the NAIs did not increase significantly during this period, but continued surveillance is required, especially in regions with higher NAI use.
Simultaneous Optical Measurements of Cytosolic Ca 2+ and cAMP in Single Cells (2006)

Understanding the temporal and spatial integration of the Ca2+ and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathways requires concurrent measurements of both second messengers. Here, we describe an optical technique to simultaneously image cAMP and Ca2+ concentration gradients in MIN6 mouse insulinoma cells using Epac1-camps, a Förster (or fluorescence) resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based cAMP biosensor, and Fura-2, a fluorescent indicator of Ca2+. This real-time imaging method allows investigation of the dynamic organization and integration of multiple levels of signal processing in single living cells.
Expression and Subcellular Distribution of Novel Glomerulus-Associated Proteins Dendrin, Ehd3, Sh2d4a, Plekhh2, and 2310066E14Rik (2007)

The glomerular capillary tuft is a highly specialized microcapillary that is dedicated to function as a sophisticated molecular sieve. The glomerulus filter has a unique molecular composition, and several essential glomerular proteins are expressed in the kidney exclusively by glomerular podocytes. A catalog of >300 glomerulus-upregulated transcripts that were identified using expressed sequence tag profiling and microarray analysis was published recently. This study characterized the expression profile of five glomerulus-upregulated transcripts/proteins (ehd3, dendrin, sh2d4a, plekhh2, and 2310066E14Rik) in detail. The expression pattern of these novel glomerular transcripts in various mouse tissues was studied using reverse transcriptase-PCR, Northern blotting, and in situ hybridization. For studying the distribution of corresponding proteins, polyclonal antibodies were raised against the gene products, and Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunoelectron microscopic analyses were performed. Remarkably, it was discovered that all five transcripts/proteins were expressed in the kidney exclusively by glomerular cells. Ehd3 was expressed only by glomerular endothelial cells. Importantly, ehd3 is the first gene ever shown to be expressed exclusively by glomerular endothelial cells and not by other endothelial cells in the kidney. Dendrin, sh2d4a, plekhh2, and 2310066E14Rik, however, were transcribed solely by podocytes. With the use of polyclonal antibodies, dendrin, sh2d4a, and plekhh2 proteins were localized to the slit diaphragm and the foot process, whereas 2310066E14Rik protein was localized to the podocyte major processes and cell body. This study provides fresh insights into glomerular biology and uncovers new possibilities to explore the role of these novel proteins in the glomerular physiology and pathology.
Image-based objects (1999)

Article Free Access Share on Image-based objects Authors: Manuel M. Oliveira University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #3175 Sitterson Hall, Chapel Hill, NC University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #3175 Sitterson Hall, Chapel Hill, NCView Profile , Gary Bishop University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #3175 Sitterson Hall, Chapel Hill, NC University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #3175 Sitterson Hall, Chapel Hill, NCView Profile Authors Info & Claims I3D '99: Proceedings of the 1999 symposium on Interactive 3D graphicsApril 1999 Pages 191–198https://doi.org/10.1145/300523.300552Published:26 April 1999Publication History 22citation565DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations22Total Downloads565Last 12 Months31Last 6 weeks10 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Unidirectional Electron Transfer at Self-Assembled Monolayers of 11-Ferrocenyl-1-undecanethiol on Gold (1993)

Abstract The electron-exchange reaction between the ferrocenyl group of self-assembled monolayers of 11-ferrocenyl-1-undecanethiol on gold electrodes and Fe(III) species in solution is studied. The monolayer acts as an effective electron-transfer mediator for the reduction of Fe(ClO4)3 but inhibits the oxidation of Fe(ClO4)2 in HClO4 and NaClO4 solution. This behavior is also observed in HClO4 solutions containing FeIII(edta) but only when the concentration of HClO4 is higher than 0.5 M. Absorption spectra and spectroelectrochemical and electrochemical measurements show that FeIII(edta) dissociates in highly acidic solutions and generates Fe3+aq, which acts as an electron-accepting species.
Transport of d-Xylose in Lactobacillus pentosus, Lactobacillus casei, andLactobacillus plantarum: Evidence for a Mechanism of Facilitated Diffusion via the Phosphoenolpyruvate:Mannose Phosphotransferase System (1999)

We have identified and characterized the D-xylose transport system of Lactobacillus pentosus. Uptake of D-xylose was not driven by the proton motive force generated by malolactic fermentation and required D-xylose metabolism. The kinetics of D-xylose transport were indicative of a low-affinity facilitated-diffusion system with an apparent K(m) of 8.5 mM and a V(max) of 23 nmol min(-1) mg of dry weight(-1). In two mutants of L. pentosus defective in the phosphoenolpyruvate:mannose phosphotransferase system, growth on D-xylose was absent due to the lack of D-xylose transport. However, transport of the pentose was not totally abolished in a third mutant, which could be complemented after expression of the L. curvatus manB gene encoding the cytoplasmic EIIB(Man) component of the EII(Man) complex. The EII(Man) complex is also involved in D-xylose transport in L. casei ATCC 393 and L. plantarum 80. These two species could transport and metabolize D-xylose after transformation with plasmids which expressed the D-xylose-catabolizing genes of L. pentosus, xylAB. L. casei and L. plantarum mutants resistant to 2-deoxy-D-glucose were defective in EII(Man) activity and were unable to transport D-xylose when transformed with plasmids containing the xylAB genes. Finally, transport of D-xylose was found to be the rate-limiting step in the growth of L. pentosus and of L. plantarum and L. casei ATCC 393 containing plasmids coding for the D-xylose-catabolic enzymes, since the doubling time of these bacteria on D-xylose was proportional to the level of EII(Man) activity.
A tissue‐culture model for the study of canine vocal fold fibroblasts (1995)

A tissue-culture model has been developed for the study of fibroblasts from the canine vocal fold. Laryngeal tissue (lamina propria) obtained from euthanized dogs is rinsed, cut into 1-mm3 pieces, and incubated in 5% carbon dioxide at 37 degrees C. A confluent monolayer is established within several days. Detectable levels of elastin in the tissue culture supernatant are measured by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Various external agents have been shown to affect elastin production. The effects of KTP laser irradiation, hydrocortisone (1.3 mumol/L), transforming growth factor-beta (10 ng/mL), and human leukocyte elastase have been measured. Thus the canine vocal fold fibroblast tissue culture is established as a model for further investigations to improve wound healing and to understand the wound-healing process following laryngeal microsurgery.
Genetic analysis of the psbA gene from single cells indicates a cryptomonad origin of the plastid in Dinophysis (Dinophyceae) (2003)

Among all organisms, the dinoflagellates display the highest diversity in their plastids, indicating multiple plastid origins from a broad variety of algae by replacing the common peridinin-containing plastid. One such replacement seems to have taken place in the genus Dinophysis, where the plastids show characteristics of a cryptomonad. Natural populations of D. acuminata. D. acuta and D. norvegica were collected from the Baltic Sea, North Sea and northern Atlantic Ocean. We sequenced a 430 bp fragment of the psbA gene from 16 thoroughly washed single cells of three Dinophysis species from different regions to monitor the variation between species and regions. There was no sequence variation between species or regions, indicating either slow evolution or the highly specific engulfment of a narrow range of cryptomonad species. A larger region (799 bp) of the psbA gene was sequenced from D. norvegica cells and four cryptomonads to determine the phylogenetic position of the plastid sequence. In the resulting phylogeny the psbA sequence of D. norvegica appeared as a sister to those from Chroomonas sp. M1312, Cryptomonas sp. M1094 and Rhodomonas sp. KAC 30 with Guillardia theta as the most ancestral sequence.
4×4 ATM crossbar using N/sup 4/ global FSOI (2002)

The integration of optoelectronic devices with conventional electronics will ultimately enable free space optical interconnects (FSOI) for high speed switching applications. Specifically, the development of smart pixels allows compact integration of optics and electronics for use in various systems and applications. OptiComp has integrated these smart pixel arrays into a high performance optoelectronic computing (HPOC) module which is composed of an array of 850 nm VCSELs, laser drivers, diffractive optical interconnect elements (DOIEs), detectors, and receivers. The HPOC module was used to implement a 4 /spl times/ 4 crossbar switch for ATM by exploiting global (N/sup 4/) FSOI.
Preclinical pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and activity of a humanized anti‐CD40 antibody (SGN‐40) in rodents and non‐human primates (2006)

Cell‐surface expression of CD40 in B‐cell malignancies and multiple solid tumors has raised interest in its potential use as a target for antibody‐based cancer therapy. SGN‐40, a humanized monoclonal anti‐CD40 antibody, mediates antibody‐dependent cytotoxicity and inhibits B‐cell tumor growth in vitro , properties of interest for the treatment of cancers, and is currently in Phase I clinical trials for B‐cell malignancies. In this study, we determined in vivo activity and pharmacokinetics properties of SGN‐40. Effect of SGN‐40 in xenograft model of CD40‐expressing B‐cell lymphoma in severe‐combined immune deficiency mice and its in vivo pharmacokinetics properties in normal mice, rats and cynomolgus monkeys were studied. Treatment with SGN‐40 significantly increased the survival of mice xenografted with human B‐cell lymphoma cell line. SGN‐40 exhibited nearly 100% bioavailability in mice and it cleared faster when given at a low dose. In monkeys, clearance of SGN‐40 was also much faster at low dose, suggesting nonlinear pharmacokinetics in these species. In rats, however, SGN‐40 clearance at all tested doses was similar, suggesting that pharmacokinetics were linear in this dose range in rats. Administration of SGN‐40 to monkeys also produced marked, dose‐dependent, and persistent depletion of peripheral CD20 + B lymphocytes. Data presented in this report suggest that SGN‐40 is active in in vivo , and based upon interspecies scaling, SGN‐40 clearance in humans is predicted to be similar to observed SGN‐40 clearance in monkeys. These data suggest that SGN‐40 has appropriate pharmacokinetic properties that support its clinical use. British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 148 , 1116–1123. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706828
Bovine Parathyroid Hormone: Minimum Chain Length of Synthetic Peptide Required for Biological Activity (1973)

Several fragments representing progressively shorter segments of the amino terminal region of bovine parathyroid hormone have been prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis and bioassayed in the in vitro rat kidney adenyl cyclase assay and the in vivo chick hypercalcemia assay. These studies have denned the minimum chain length required for activity. The synthetic amino terminal 1-34 peptide was highly potent (80% on a molar basis of the natural hormone in vitro and 130% in vivo). It was found that deletion of the amino terminal residue (alanine) resulted in a marked decrease in activity and removal of the second residue (valine) at the amino terminus completely abolished activity in both assay systems. Greater shortening was tolerated at the carboxyl terminus. Peptide 1-27 was still active in the in vitro assay; deletion of residue 27 led to loss of biological activity in both assays. (Endocrinology93: 1349, 1973)