gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identifying genes of agronomic importance in maize by screening microsatellites for evidence of selection during domestication (2002)

Crop species experienced strong selective pressure directed at genes controlling traits of agronomic importance during their domestication and subsequent episodes of selective breeding. Consequently, these genes are expected to exhibit the signature of selection. We screened 501 maize genes for the signature of selection using microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs). We applied the Ewens-Watterson test, which can reveal deviations from a neutral-equilibrium model, as well as two nonequilibrium tests that incorporate the domestication bottleneck. We investigated two classes of SSRs: those known to be polymorphic in maize (Class I) and those previously classified as monomorphic in maize (Class II). Fifteen SSRs exhibited some evidence for selection in maize and 10 showed evidence under stringent criteria. The genes containing nonneutral SSRs are candidates for agronomically important genes. Because demographic factors can bias our tests, further independent tests of these candidates are necessary. We applied such an additional test to one candidate, which encodes a MADS box transcriptional regulator, and confirmed that this gene experienced a selective sweep during maize domestication. Genomic scans for the signature of selection offer a means of identifying new genes of agronomic importance even when gene function and the phenotype of interest are unknown.
The LIM Domain Protein LMO4 Interacts with the Cofactor CtIP and the Tumor Suppressor BRCA1 and Inhibits BRCA1 Activity (2002)

LMO4 belongs to the LIM-only (LMO) group of transcriptional regulators that appear to function as molecular adaptors for protein-protein interactions. Expression of the LMO4 gene is developmentally regulated in the mammary gland and is up-regulated in primary breast cancers. Using LMO4 in a yeast two-hybrid screen, we have identified the cofactor CtIP as an LMO4-binding protein. Interaction with CtIP appeared to be specific for the LMO subclass of LIM domain proteins and could be mediated by a single LIM motif of LMO4. We further identified the breast tumor suppressor BRCA1 as an LMO4-associated protein. The C-terminal BRCT domains of BRCA1, previously shown to bind CtIP, also mediated interaction with LMO4. Tumor-associated mutations within the BRCT repeats that abolish interaction between BRCA1 and CtIP had no effect on the association of BRCA1 with LMO4. A stable complex comprising LMO4, BRCA1, and CtIP was demonstrated in vivo. The LIM domain binding-protein Ldb1 also participated in this multiprotein complex. In functional assays, LMO4 was shown to repress BRCA1-mediated transcriptional activation in both yeast and mammalian cells. These findings reveal a novel complex between BRCA1, LMO4, and CtIP and indicate a role for LMO4 as a repressor of BRCA1 activity in breast tissue.
In Vivo Uncoating and Efficient Expression of Foreign mRNAs Packaged in TMV-Like Particles (1987)

The ribonucleocapsids of many plant viruses are extremely stable. The protein coat protects the RNA genome against degradation during the accumulation and spread of progeny virions. Chimeric single-stranded RNA molecules were transcribed in vitro from recombinant plasmids and later encapsidated, in vitro, into ribonucleoprotein particles (pseudoviruses) 60 nanometers long that resembled tobacco mosaic virus. Transcripts encoding an assayable enzyme, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), were packaged into pseudovirus particles to assess the utility of this single-stranded RNA delivery system in a wide range of cell types. In all cases, packaged CAT messenger RNA was uncoated and transiently expressed. Significantly higher levels of CAT activity were detected with packaged than with naked CAT messenger RNA after inoculation of plant protoplasts in the presence of polyethylene glycol or abrasive inoculation of intact leaf surfaces. Structural events that lead to the uncoating and expression of CAT messenger RNA showed no cell specificity. This observation may support the view that the comparatively restricted host range of a true plant virus results from events that occur later during the infection cycle.
Parametric trajectory mixtures for LVCSR (1998)

Parametric trajectory models explicitly represent the temporal evolution of the speech features as a Gaussian process with time-varying parameters. HMMs are a special case of such models, one in which the trajectory constraints in the speech segment are ignored by the assumption of conditional independence across frames within the segment. In this paper, we investigate in detail some extensions to our trajectory modeling approach aimed at improving LVCSR performance: (i) improved modeling of mixtures of trajectories via better initialization, (ii) modeling of context dependence, and (iii) improved segment boundaries by means of search. We will present results in terms of both phone classi cation and recognition accuracy on the Switchboard corpus.
Hormonelle und nichthormonelle Induktion der Apoptose bei menschlichen Mammakarzinomzellen in vitro (2002)

Tumorzellen unterscheiden sich von normalen Körperzellen hauptsächlich dadurch, dass sie sich der normalen Wachstumsregulation entzogen haben. Unter den verschiedenen Phasen des Zellzyklus unterscheidet sich bei Tumoren vor allem die Länge der G1-Phase (Wachstumsphase). Die Dauer der S-Phase (DNA-Synthesephase), G2- (2. Wachstumsphase) und M-Phase (Mitosephase) ist vergleichsweise konstant. Ein normaler Zellzyklus dauert 12 bis 24 Stunden, dagegen kann die Zelle in der G0-Phase tage-, monate- oder sogar jahrelang verweilen. In In-vitro-Studien hat man feststellen können, dass Estrogene Zellen aus dieser Ruhephase in die frühe G1-Phase stimulieren. Dabei wird die Expression von Cyclin D1 erhöht, welches wiederum andere cyclinabhängige Kinasen aktiviert. Bei dem als Restriktionspunkt bezeichneten Kontrollpunkt (Checkpoint) entscheidet sich, ob die Zelle weiter in die S-Phase übergeht oder nicht. Die kontinuierliche Inkubation von verschiedenen hormonähnlichen Substanzen kann die Expression von Cyclin D1 blockieren und damit die Zelle in ihrer Zellzyklusprogression blockieren und Apoptose induzieren.
Have the Determinants of ImplicitGuarantee and Intervention Changedduring the Financial Crisis of 2008 (2018)

This paper investigates whether the determinants of implicit guarantee and intervention
change during the financial crisis of 2008? It finds the following results. First, the harm of
intervention is more severe for banks with better financial strength, but it is mitigated in
countries with better sovereign ratings. Second, strong banks receive more support in the
crisis than in the non-crisis period, and countries with strong sovereign ratings provide fewer
guarantees during the crisis period. Third, the effects of implicit intervention do not change
after the financial crisis. Finally, country-specific factors can explain the determinants of
implicit intervention.

Key words: Implicit guarantee, implicit intervention, issuer rating, individual rating, global
financial crisis
Genetic Alteration in a Temperature-Sensitive Mutant of Respiratory Syncytial Virus After Replication in Vivo (1974)

SummaryIn the course of a clinical trial of a temperature-sensitive mutant RSV vaccine, a proportion of the virus recovered exhibited genetic alteration. Some of the altered virus showed a temperature-sensitivity pattern intermediate between that of the temperature-sensitive vaccine virus and the temperature-insensitive wild type. Possible genetic mechanisms which might have produced these findings are discussed.
Optical thin films consisting of nanoscale laminated layers (2002)

The control of the refractive index of laminated coatings consisting of alternating stacks of nanoscale Al2O3 and TiO2 sublayers grown by atomic layer deposition has been achieved. The refractive index of the coating linearly changed from 1.870 to 2.318 as the thickness of the single TiO2 sublayer was varied from 2.0 to 39 Å while that of the single Al2O3 sublayer was kept constant at 5.5 Å. The refractive index could be varied by adjusting only the number of growth cycles of each material. This approach will have potential applications to optical multilayer coatings consisting of well-controlled extremely thin layers.
Neuropeptide Y Lowers Blood Glucose in Anaesthetized Rats via a Y5 Receptor Subtype (1998)

We have investigated the receptor subtype mediating effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on blood glucose concentrations. In anaesthetized rats a 120 min i.v. infusion of 2 microg/kg/min NPY lowered blood glucose by 26 mg/dl. This was mimicked by the same dose of peptide YY (PYY), NPY2-36, PYY3-36 and [Leu31,Pro34]NPY but not by NPY13-36, PYY13-36 or rat or human pancreatic polypeptide. The effects of NPY and [Leu31,Pro34]NPY were not inhibited by 10 microg/kg/min BIBP 3226. Neither treatment significantly altered plasma insulin concentrations. We conclude that NPY lowers blood glucose concentrations via a Y5 receptor subtype, i.e. a subtype which has also been implicated in stimulation of food intake
Right‐Angle Rooftop Polygon Extraction in Regularised Urban Areas: Cutting the Corners (2004)

Abstract Rapid urban development is achieved in some areas by the application of industrialized construction techniques. This approach creates extensive ‘‘regularised’’ urban areas, which are governed by a small set of building models. This paper describes a scheme for building rooftop extraction from aerial and high resolution satellite imagery that makes use of the characteristics of regularised urban areas. As the scheme is based on a bottom‐up approach, emphasis is put on reducing the number of low‐level features that should be considered during the polygon rooftop extraction. This is achieved with a set of geometric rules, which are defined based on the geometry of the building model. Experiments with real‐world imagery show that this basis provides efficient filtering of the right‐angle corners, thus improving the overall extraction performance.
Species-specific polyamines from diatoms control silica morphology (2000)

Biomineralizing organisms use organic molecules to generate species-specific mineral patterns. Here, we describe the chemical structure of long-chain polyamines (up to 20 repeated units), which represent the main organic constituent of diatom biosilica. These substances are the longest polyamine chains found in nature and induce rapid silica precipitation from a silicic acid solution. Each diatom is equipped with a species-specific set of polyamines and silica-precipitating proteins, which are termed silaffins. Different morphologies of precipitating silica can be generated by polyamines of different chain lengths as well as by a synergistic action of long-chain polyamines and silaffins.
Isolation of the chicken middle-molecular weight neurofilament (NF-M) gene and characterization of its promoter (1990)

We have isolated and sequenced genomic DNA clones covering the coding region of the chicken mid-size neurofilament (NF-M) gene and greater than 1 kb of its 5' upstream region. The NF-M gene contains two introns which both are located within the highly conserved C-terminal region of the rod domain. The 5' end of the corresponding mRNA was assigned to a G residue 40 nucleotides upstream of the translation start site and in appropriate distance from a potential TATA box. To functionally analyze the NF-M promoter, constructs carrying 112, 222, and 1026 nucleotides of the 5' upstream region in front of a luciferase reporter gene were tested for their capability to direct luciferase expression after transient transfection into various cell lines. Significant luciferase activity was recorded both in rat phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells and murine fibroblasts. In PC12 cells, in which neurite outgrowth is induced by nerve growth factor (NGF), expression was stimulated up to 13-fold within 3 days of NGF treatment. This closely resembles expression of the endogenous NF-M gene in response to this hormone.
Efficacy of Erenumab for the Treatment of Patients With Chronic Migraine With and Without Aura (S32.006) (2018)

Report erenumab efficacy in patients with chronic migraine (CM) with and without aura.
Dendrite-Free Electrodeposition and Reoxidation of Lithium-Sodium Alloy for Metal-Anode Battery (2011)

Two ionic liquids, EMI-AlCl4 and N1114-TFSI, that support both lithium and sodium deposition/dissolution were studied as potential electrolytes for lithium metal batteries. In both cases, lithium's dendritic growth was suppressed by adding a small amount of sodium to a lithium electrolyte. This results in a co-deposition or alloying process that hinders dendrite growth. SEM images show a significant difference in morphology obtained by the addition of sodium. A smooth deposit was not enough for stable cycling of the lithium anode because of lithium's reactivity with the electrolyte. Vinylene carbonate (VC) was added to the N1114-TFSI to form a stable SEI layer. Cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry was carried out on tungsten and stainless steel electrodes to obtain efficiency measurements. The combination of a small amount of sodium in the electrolyte, along with VC as an SEI former, lead to significant improvements in cycling performance and efficiency.
Synthesis and biological activity of beta-ionone-derived alcohols for cancer chemoprevention. (1998)

Secondary products of plant mevalonate metabolism suppress the synthesis of mevalonate, the rate-limiting intermediate in the biosynthesis of isoprenoid derived compounds that stimulate cell proliferation. They exert their inhibitory action by the suppression of the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR). They exhibit low toxicity and have proven their efficacy in animal cancer chemoprevention studies but their growth inhibitory activities leave room for improvement. We have chosen beta-ionone (1) as a lead compound for the development of more potent inhibitors of mevalonate pathways. A series of ionone-derived alcohols have been synthesized and tested on an in-vitro model system (B16F10 mouse melanoma). We have found several derivatives which show higher growth inhibitory properties and are promising candidates for further improvement of activity.
Chemical Tumor-Targeting of Nanoparticles Based on Metabolic Glycoengineering and Click Chemistry (2014)

Tumor-targeting strategies for nanoparticles have been predominantly based on optimization of physical properties or conjugation with biological ligands. However, their tumor-targeting abilities remain limited and insufficient. Furthermore, traditional biological binding molecules have intrinsic limitations originating from the limited amount of cellular receptors and the heterogeneity of tumor cells. Our two-step in vivo tumor-targeting strategy for nanoparticles is based on metabolic glycoengineering and click chemistry. First, an intravenous injection of precursor-loaded glycol chitosan nanoparticles generates azide groups on tumor tissue specifically by the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect followed by metabolic glycoengineering. These 'receptor-like' chemical groups then enhance the tumor-targeting ability of drug-containing nanoparticles by copper-free click chemistry in vivo during a second intravenous injection. The advantage of this protocol over traditional binding molecules is that there are significantly more binding molecules on the surface of most tumor cells regardless of cell type. The subsequent enhanced tumor-targeting ability can significantly enhance the cancer therapeutic efficacy in animal studies.
Update on Australian Health Information Standards (1997)

This paper provides a description of the principal national bodies engaged in health information standards development in Australia, their structure, and current activities. It examines their inter-relationships and discusses some ways in which technology is being used to improve their effectiveness.
Potential of particulate carriers for the mucosal delivery of DNA vaccines (1997)

Conference Article| May 01 1997 Potential of particulate carriers for the mucosal delivery of DNA vaccines H. OYA ALPAR; H. OYA ALPAR 1Pharmaceutical Sciences Institute, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar YILDIZ OZSOY; YILDIZ OZSOY 1Pharmaceutical Sciences Institute, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar JOANNE BOWEN; JOANNE BOWEN 1Pharmaceutical Sciences Institute, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar JIM E. EYLES; JIM E. EYLES 1Pharmaceutical Sciences Institute, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar BARBARA R. CONWAY; BARBARA R. CONWAY 1Pharmaceutical Sciences Institute, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar E. DIANE WILLIAMSON E. DIANE WILLIAMSON *PLSD, Salisbury, Wilts. SP4 0JQ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1997) 25 (2): 337S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst025337s Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation H. OYA ALPAR, YILDIZ OZSOY, JOANNE BOWEN, JIM E. EYLES, BARBARA R. CONWAY, E. DIANE WILLIAMSON; Potential of particulate carriers for the mucosal delivery of DNA vaccines. Biochem Soc Trans 1 May 1997; 25 (2): 337S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst025337s Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: OVA-ovalbumin, PLLA-poly(L)lactide, DTH-poly(DTH carbonate) This content is only available as a PDF. © 1997 Biochemical Society1997 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Genetic transformation in Streptococcus pneumoniae: nucleotide sequence analysis shows comA, a gene required for competence induction, to be a member of the bacterial ATP-dependent transport protein family (1991)

The complete nucleotide sequence of comA, a gene required for induction of competence for genetic transformation in Streptococcus pneumoniae, was determined by using plasmid DNA templates and synthetic oligonucleotide primers. The sequence contained a single large open reading frame, ORF1, of 2,151 bp. ORF1 was included within the comAB locus previously mapped genetically and accounted for 50% of its extent. The predicted molecular weight of the largest polypeptide encoded within ORF1, 80,290, coincided with that measured previously (77,000) for the product of in vitro transcription-translation of the cloned comA locus. A Shine-Dalgarno sequence (AAAGGAG, delta G = -14 kcal) lay immediately upstream of ORF1. A sequence (TTtAat-17 bp-TAaAAT) similar to the Escherichia coli sigma 70 promoter consensus was located 410 bp upstream of ORF1. The deduced protein sequence of ComA showed a very strong similarity to the E. coli hemolysin secretion protein, HlyB, and strong similarities to other members of the family of ATP-dependent transport proteins, including the mammalian multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein. These similarities suggest that ComA functions in the transport of some molecule, possibly pneumococcal competence factor itself.
Highly Efficient and Versatile Formation of Biocompatible Star Polymers in Pure Water and Their Stimuli-Responsive Self-Assembly (2014)

This study demonstrates the rapid and efficient formation of functional core cross-linked star polymers via copper-mediated reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) in pure water using fully soluble monomers and cross-linkers. This high throughput “arm-first” methodology allows the generation of complex nanoarchitectures with tailored core, shell, or periphery- functionalities and is potentially well-suited for biomedical applications given that the macromolecular synthesis is performed entirely in water. To exemplify this approach, different homo- and miktoarm star polymers composed of either poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA), and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as the polymeric arms are formed. The star products are generated in high yield (88–96%) in one-pot and require short reaction times (1–3 h) and minimal purification steps (dialysis and lyophilization). In addition, the thermal responsivity of PNIPAM-based miktoarm star polymers leading to reversible supramolecular self-assembly is confirmed by DLS and 2D-NOESY NMR analysis. Furthermore, cytotoxicity studies using human embryonic kidney (HEK239T) cells as the model mammalian cells revealed that the star polymers are nontoxic even up to high polymer concentrations (2 mg mL–1). The simplistic product formation and isolation, combined with the use of water as the polymerization medium, mean that this procedure is highly attractive as a low-cost pathway toward functional, biocompatible organic nanoparticles for commercial applications.
Maturational changes in the rhythms, patterning, and coordination of respiration and swallow during feeding in preterm and term infants (2007)

To study the coordination of respiration and swallow rhythms we assessed feeding episodes in 20 preterm infants (gestational age range at birth 26–33wks; postmenstrual age [PMA] range when studied 32–40wks) and 16 term infants studied on days 1 to 4 (PMA range 37–41wks) and at 1 month (PMA range 41–45wks). A pharyngeal pressure transducer documented swallows and a thoracoabdominal strain gauge recorded respiratory efforts. Coefficients of variation (COVs) of breath-breath (BR-BR) and swallow-breath (SW-BR) intervals during swallow runs, percentage of apneic swallows (at least three swallows without interposed breaths), and phase of respiration relative to swallowing efforts were analyzed. Percentage of apneic swallows decreased with increasing PMA (16.6% [SE 4.7] in preterm infants ≤35wks’PMA; 6.6% [SE 1.6] in preterms > 35wks; 1.5% [SE 0.4] in term infants; p < 0.001). Term infants had significantly lower BR-BR COV (0.405 [SE 0.016]) than preterm infants (0.641 [SE 0.052] at >35wks’PMA; 0.693 [SE 0.059] at ≤35wks’PMA). Phase relation between swallowing and respiration stabilized with increasing PMA, with decreased apnea, and a significant increase in percentage of swallows occurring at end-inspiration. These data indicate that unlike the stabilization of suck and suck-swallow rhythms, which occur before about 36 weeks’PMA, improvement in coordination of respiration and swallow begins later. Coordination of swallow-respiration and suck-swallow rhythms may be predictive of feeding, respiratory, and neurodevelopmental abnormalities.
Oxazoline formation via a palladium-catalyzed cyclization: A direct, stereoselective approach to cis-5-amino-2-cyclopenten-1-ol derivatives (1995)

Alanyl substituted 4-amino-2-cyclopenten-1-yl acetates were obtained optically pure in three steps from cyclopentadiene. The Pd0 catalyzed cyclization of these allylic acetates was studied using protected and unprotected derivatives. A novel oxazoline synthesis was developed and its utility was demonstrated by the preparation of a cis-5-amino-2-cyclopenten-1-ol derivative.