gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of a glucocorticoid-inducible promoter for expression of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein gC1, a cytotoxic protein in mammalian cells. (1989)

Abundant expression of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein gC (gC1) in transfected mammalian cells has not previously been achieved, possibly because gC1 protein is toxic to cells. To approach this problem, the gC1 coding sequence was placed under the control of the weak but inducible glucocorticoid-responsive promoter from the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) long terminal repeat (LTR). As controls to evaluate for gC1 cytotoxicity, the MMTV LTR promoter was used to express glycoprotein gD1, and a strong, constitutive promoter from the Moloney murine sarcoma virus LTR was used to express gC1. L cells were transfected with these constructs, and a clone expressing gC1 from the inducible MMTV LTR promoter was analyzed. In the absence of glucocorticoid (dexamethasone) stimulation, only a low level of gC1 mRNA expression was detected; after overnight stimulation with dexamethasone, transcription increased approximately 200-fold. Abundant gC1 protein that was functionally active in that it bound complement component C3b, was produced. From passages 5 through 26 (70 cell population doublings), the gC1-producing clone became less responsive to overnight dexamethasone stimulation. The block to gC1 expression occurred at the level of transcription and was associated with hypermethylation of the MMTV LTR DNA. Treatment of the clone with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine partially reversed the block in gC1 protein production. Late-passage cells assumed a gC1-negative phenotype that appeared to offer a selective growth advantage, which suggested that gC1 was cytotoxic. Several findings support this view: (i) some cells expressing gC1 after overnight stimulation with dexamethasone assumed bizarre, syncytial shapes; (ii) continuous stimulation with dexamethasone for 5 weeks resulted in death of most cells; (iii) cells transfected with gC1 under the control of the strong Moloney murine sarcoma virus promoter assumed bizarre shapes, and stable gC1-expressing clones could not be established; and (iv) cells induced to express gD1 retained a normal appearance after overnight stimulation or 15 weeks of continuous stimulation with dexamethasone. The inducible MMTV LTR promoter is useful for expressing gC1 and may have applications for expressing other cytotoxic proteins.
Secretion of human epidermal growth factor by Corynebacterium glutamicum (2005)

Our data confirmed that the pharmaceutically important human protein hEGF could be efficiently secreted in an active form by the C. glutamicum protein-expression system. Moreover, we demonstrated that this bacterium has potential as a host for the industrial-scale production of human proteins.
Model for the complex between the insulin-like growth factor I and its receptor: towards designing antagonists for the IGF-1 receptor (2006)

The type-1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) is the cognate tyrosine kinase receptor for the insulin-like growth factor IGF-I and is expressed widely in many foetal and postnatal tissue cells. IGF-1R is overexpressed in a number of human tumour types and is a valid target for anti-cancer therapeutic efforts. Designing antagonists for IGF-1R would be greatly facilitated by the availability of structural information on the complex between IGF-I and IGF-1R. In the present work we model the three-dimensional structure of the complex between IGF-I and the first three domains of IGF-1R using a macromolecular docking method guided by selected experimental data. Interface metrics indicative of the binding affinity and reliability of the model are computed and compared with other biomolecular complexes. This model is consistent with experimental chimerical and mutagenesis data, provides a structural basis for understanding the primary interaction of IGF-I with its receptor and facilitates design of antagonist ligands.
The Dopamine Transporter Is Absent in Parkinsonian Putamen and Reduced in the Caudate Nucleus (1991)

Abstract: The neuronal dopamine transporter/uptake site can be covalently labeled with the photoaffinity probe 1‐(2‐[bis‐(4‐fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl)‐4‐[2‐(4‐azido‐3‐[ 125 I]iodophenyl)ethyl]piperazine ([ 125 I]FAPP) and visualized following sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Upon photolysis, [ 125 I]FAPP specifically incorporated into a polypeptide of apparent M r = 62,000 in membranes from both the putamen and the caudate nucleus of control, Alzheimer's, schizophrenia, and Huntington's diseased brain, and, following complete deglycosylation, migrated as an M r ∼48,000 polypeptide. In parkinsonian postmortem putamen, however, there was no detectable photoincorpqration of [ 125 I]FAPP into the ligand binding subunit of the dopamine transporter. [ 125 I]FAPP did specifically label the Mr 62,000 polypeptide of parkinsonian caudate, although with efficiencies of 20–50% of control. The asymmetrical loss of the dopamine transporter in Parkinson's diseased striatum was confirmed in reversible receptor binding experiments using [ 3 H]GBR‐12935 { 3 H‐labeled 1‐[2‐(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl]‐4‐(3‐phenylpropyl)piperazine}. In parkinsonian putamen, mazindol competitively inhibited the binding of [ 3 H]GBR‐12935 with an estimated affinity ( K i ∼ 2,000 n M ) 10 times lower than in controls ( K i ∼ 30 n M ), while the affinity of mazindol for [ 3 H]GBR‐12935 binding in the caudate was equal to that seen with controls ( K i ∼ 50 n M ). The proportion of [ 3 H]GBR‐12935 binding sites recognized by mazindol with high affinity in Parkinson's diseased caudate was, however, reduced by 50–80%. Taken together, these data clearly suggest that (a) the dopamine transporter is not detectable in Parkinson's diseased putamen, (b) [ 3 H]GBR‐12935 binding in the putamen of Parkinson's diseased brain is probably not to the dopamine uptake carrier, and (c) there is an interregional variation in the loss of dopamine uptake sites (lost in putamen and somewhat spared in caudate), which appears to parallel markedly the reported loss of dopamine content in idiopathic Parkinson's diseased striatum.
Transducers and Their Elements: Design and Application (1993)

1. Transducer Characteristics and Structures. 2. Contact, Resistive, and Electrode Elements. 3. Capacitive and Inductive Elements. 4. Transformer, Electrodynamic, Servo, and Resonant Elements. 5. Mechanical, Acoustical, and Flowmetering Elements. 6. Heat-Exchange Elements. 7. Characteristics of Solid-State Transducing Devices. 8. Fabrication of Microsensors. 9. Micromechanical Sensing and Actuating Structures. 10. Temperature-, Light-Sensitive Micro-Structures, and Fiber-Optic Sensors. 11. Miscellaneous Miniature Sensors. 12. Transducer Schemes. Appendix: Tensors. Illustrations. References. Index.
Human alpha and beta subunits contribute to the EC50 for GABA at the GABAA receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes. (1995)

The GABAA receptor/ionophore complex (GABAAR) may be composed of at least alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. Alpha subunits can influence the concentration of GABA at which a half maximal current response is elicited (EC50). There are no data to suggest that beta subunits can also influence this pharmacological property of the GABAAR. We examined the influence of human derived beta and alpha subunits on the EC50 for GABA. Nine different subunit combinations were evaluated: alpha 1, alpha 2, alpha 3 in combination with beta 1 gamma 2, beta 2 gamma 2, and beta 3 gamma 2. cRNA coding for these subunit combinations was injected into Xenopus oocytes that were subsequently recorded from using the two electrode voltage-clamp technique. A two-way analysis of variance showed that both alpha and beta subunits interact to influence the EC50 of GABAARs. The EC50 for alpha 3 changed significantly with beta subunits. The EC50 for alpha 2 was significantly different in beta 3 compared to beta 1 and beta 2 subunits, while the EC50 for alpha 1 was not significantly different between beta subunits. These findings suggests that other pharmacological and physiological properties may also be determined by interactions between alpha and beta subunits.
Dose-Dependency of Resveratrol in Providing Health Benefits (2010)

This review describes the dose-dependent health benefits of resveratrol, a polyphenolic antioxidant that is found in a variety of foods, especially grape skin and red wine. Resveratrol provides diverse health benefits including cardioprotection, inhibition of low-density lipoprotein, activation of nitric oxide (NO) production, hindering of platelet aggregation [32] A.A.E. Bertelli, D.E. Giovannini, R.L. Caterina, W. Bernini, M. Migliori and M. Fregoni et al., Antiplatelet activity of cis-resveratrol, Drugs Exp Clin Res 22 (1996), pp. 61-63. View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (111) and promotion of anti-inflammatory effects. Studies have shown that at a lower dose, resveratrol acts as an anti-apoptotic agent, providing cardioprotection as evidenced by increased expression in cell survival proteins, improved postischemic ventricular recovery and reduction of myocardial infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis and maintains a stable redox environment compared to control. At higher dose, resveratrol acts as a pro-apoptotic compound, inducing apoptosis in cancer cells by exerting a death signal. At higher doses, resveratrol depresses cardiac function, elevates levels of apoptotic protein expressions, results in an unstable redox environment, increases myocardial infarct size and number of apoptotic cells. At high dose, resveratrol not only hinders tumor growth but also inhibits the synthesis of RNA, DNA and protein, causes structural chromosome aberrations, chromatin breaks, chromatin exchanges, weak aneuploidy, higher S-phase arrest, blocks cell proliferation, decreases wound healing, endothelial cell growth by fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor, and angiogenesis in healthy tissue cells leading to cell death. Thus, at lower dose, resveratrol can be very useful in maintaining the human health whereas at higher dose, resveratrol has pro-apoptotic actions on healthy cells, but can kill tumor cells.
PKC α regulates netrin-1/UNC5B-mediated survival pathway in bladder cancer (2014)

The present study identified netrin-1/UNC5B, which could be regulated by PKC signaling, was important mediators of bladder cancer progression.
MecB of Bacillus subtilis, a member of the ClpC ATPase family, is a pleiotropic regulator controlling competence gene expression and growth at high temperature. (1994)

The Bacillus subtilis DegS-DegU histidine kinase-response regulator pair controls the expression of genes encoding degradative enzymes such as levansucrase (sacB) and of genes involved in genetic competence. The mecA and mecB mutations were previously isolated as allowing competence gene expression in complex media. We have shown that the mec mutations also lead to overexpression of sacB, bypassing the DegS-DegU requirement. This expression was shown to be entirely dependent upon ComK, a positive regulator of competence gene expression. The mecB gene was cloned and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The predicted MecB protein show very high similarity over its entire length with members of the ClpC family of ATPases (60% identity). MecB is essential for growth of B. subtilis at high temperature. MecB also acts as a negative regulator of ComK synthesis, thus preventing late competence gene expression. We suggest that under these conditions MecB may interact with MecA to sequester or otherwise inactivate ComK. In response to an unknown signal, active ComK would accumulate through a positive feedback loop, leading to expression of competence genes allowing DNA uptake.
Recombinant Truncated Dystrophin Minigenes: Construction, Expression, and Adenoviral Delivery (1995)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal genetic disorder for which there is currently no effective treatment. Although clinical application of adenoviral vector-mediated gene transfer has not been fully developed, it shows promise for the treatment of DMD. One significant problem posed by adenoviral vector-mediated gene transfer for DMD is that currently available adenoviral vectors cannot accommodate the entire 14-kb dystrophin cDNA. To address this problem, we selectively deleted regions of the murine dystrophin cDNA to produce truncated constructs. We created three constructs, each with an in-frame deletion of a segment (3.0, 4.4, and 5.7 kb) of the spectrin-like repeat region of dystrophin. As an additional modification, we removed the majority of the 3' untranslated region of the cDNA in expression vectors encoding some of these truncated constructs. Comparative quantitative expression studies after transfection into COS and C2C12 mouse muscle cells demonstrate variations in the level of expression with different deletions in the spectrin-like repeat region. Furthermore, deletion of the 3' untranslated region was tested for one recombinant construct and resulted in a reduction in the level of expression in both cell culture systems. Toward the ultimate goal of gene transfer therapy for DMD, we created an adenoviral vector from one of our truncated constructs. Using this vector, we demonstrated truncated dystrophin expression in vitro in primary mdx (dystrophin-deficient) muscle cells and in vivo in mdx mouse muscle. In vivo, recombinant dystrophin was properly localized to the muscle membrane.
Raman spectroscopy: an evolving technique for live cell studies (2016)

One of the most exciting developments in Raman spectroscopy in the last decade has been its application to cells and tissues for diagnostic and pharmaceutical applications, and in particular its use in the analysis of cellular dynamics. Raman spectroscopy is rapidly advancing as a cell imaging method that overcomes many of the limitations of current techniques and is earning its place as a routine tool in cell biology. In this review we focus on important developments in Raman spectroscopy that have evolved into the exciting technique of live-cell Raman microscopy and highlight some of the most recent and significant applications to cell biology.
A beacon navigation method for autonomous vehicles (1989)

A method for navigating autonomous vehicles is presented. Based on the three-point problem from land surveying, this navigational technique makes use of angular measurements between fixed beacon pairs. Extremely accurate position information can be obtained over a large area with simple trigonometric or analytic geometry calculations. Typical worst-case errors are of the order of 10 cm throughout a 2500 m/sup 2/ workspace. An experimental position-measuring system has been built and tested, and it demonstrated the ability of this technique to function as a key element in a navigation system for autonomous vehicles.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Direct Conversion of Greenhouse Gases to Synthesis Gas and C4 Hydrocarbons over Zeolite HY Promoted by a Dielectric-Barrier Discharge (2002)

The direct conversion of methane and carbon dioxide to produce C4 hydrocarbons (C4H8, n-C4H10, i-C4H10) and synthesis gas (H2 + CO) was investigated over quartz fleece, zeolite NaA, zeolite NaY, and zeolite HY catalysts promoted by dielectric-barrier discharges (DBDs) at relatively low temperatures and ambient pressure. Both pore size and electrostatic properties of zeolites influence the reaction under plasma conditions. Zeolite HY is the most promising catalyst in producing synthesis gas (H2 + CO) and C4 hydrocarbons (C4H8, n-C4H10, i-C4H10) with high selectivity at low temperatures and ambient pressure. The important variables affecting the activity and selectivity of a zeolite HY catalyst in a DBD reactor such as temporal stability, discharge power, mixing ratios of methane to carbon dioxide, space velocity, operating pressure, and wall temperature were studied. The conversion of methane was 55.1% and that of carbon dioxide 26.7%, and the selectivity to CO was 21.7% and that to C4 hydrocarbons reached 52.1% when the reaction was performed at a wall temperature of 423 K, gas pressure of 1 bar, molar ratio of methane/carbon dioxide of 3:1, feed gas flow rate of 200 mL/min, and discharge power of 500 W.
The Complexity of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis: The Role of RAGE as Therapeutic Target to Promote Neuroprotection by Inhibiting Neurovascular Dysfunction (2012)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are prominent pathological features of AD. Aging and age-dependent oxidative stress are the major nongenetic risk factors for AD. The beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ), the major component of plaques, and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are key activators of plaque-associated cellular dysfunction. Aβ and AGEs bind to the receptor for AGEs (RAGE), which transmits the signal from RAGE via redox-sensitive pathways to nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). RAGE-mediated signaling is an important contributor to neurodegeneration in AD. We will summarize the current knowledge and ongoing studies on RAGE function in AD. We will also present evidence for a novel pathway induced by RAGE in AD, which leads to the expression of thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), providing further evidence that pharmacological inhibition of RAGE will promote neuroprotection by blocking neurovascular dysfunction in AD.
di yang tiao jian xia hif-1 cu jin xue guan sheng cheng zuo yong de yan jiu jin zhan (2009)

低氧诱导因子1(hypoxia-inducible factor1,HIF-1)广泛参与动物细胞中缺氧诱导产生的适应性反应,是细胞适应低氧的重要蛋白转录调节因子。生理条件下,低氧、CoCl2、去铁胺等均可诱导细胞产生HIF-1。低氧是HIF-1的主要诱导因素,这些因素可以上调HIF-1的表达,使其活性增高;HIF-1与靶基因结合,促进靶基因转录,引起一系列的细胞对缺氧的反应,从而促进糖降解,调节血管收缩以及促进红细胞生成,加速血管形成。血管内皮生长因子(vesselendothelium growth factor,VEGF)是强有力的直接血管诱导因子,应用VEGF促进组织工程血管化已经取得显
Processing and visualizing three-dimensional ultrasound data (2004)

This paper describes techniques for the visualization and processing of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound data. The nature of such data demands specialized algorithms, which differ from those employed for other medical imaging modalities. In this paper, the emphasis is placed on generic processing techniques, which are relevant across a wide range of 3D ultrasound application domains.
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation and the Challenges to Its Extension to Nonlegumes (2016)

Access to fixed or available forms of nitrogen limits the productivity of crop plants and thus food production. Nitrogenous fertilizer production currently represents a significant expense for the efficient growth of various crops in the developed world. There are significant potential gains to be had from reducing dependence on nitrogenous fertilizers in agriculture in the developed world and in developing countries, and there is significant interest in research on biological nitrogen fixation and prospects for increasing its importance in an agricultural setting. Biological nitrogen fixation is the conversion of atmospheric N2 to NH3, a form that can be used by plants. However, the process is restricted to bacteria and archaea and does not occur in eukaryotes. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is part of a mutualistic relationship in which plants provide a niche and fixed carbon to bacteria in exchange for fixed nitrogen. This process is restricted mainly to legumes in agricultural systems, and there is considerable interest in exploring whether similar symbioses can be developed in nonlegumes, which produce the bulk of human food. We are at a juncture at which the fundamental understanding of biological nitrogen fixation has matured to a level that we can think about engineering symbiotic relationships using synthetic biology approaches. This minireview highlights the fundamental advances in our understanding of biological nitrogen fixation in the context of a blueprint for expanding symbiotic nitrogen fixation to a greater diversity of crop plants through synthetic biology.
(+)- and ent-(-)-Duocarmycin SA and (+)- and ent-(-)-N-BOC-DSA DNA Alkylation Properties.Alkylation Site Models That Accommodate the Offset AT-Rich Adenine N3 Alkylation Selectivity of the Enantiomeric Agents (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT(+)- and ent-(-)-Duocarmycin SA and (+)- and ent-(-)-N-BOC-DSA DNA Alkylation Properties.Alkylation Site Models That Accommodate the Offset AT-Rich Adenine N3 Alkylation Selectivity of the Enantiomeric AgentsDale L. Boger, Douglas S. Johnson, and Weiya YunCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 5, 1635–1656Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00084a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00084a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views377Altmetric-Citations114LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Temperature insensitive quantum dot structures for vertical cavity lasers (2000)

Summary form only given. Quantum dot structures are now being incorporated within vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs). The use of quantum dots within these structures offers the potential of achieving 1.3 /spl mu/m wavelengths with GaAs based materials. Theoretically the realisation of quantum dot VCSELs would seem to be extremely difficult as they require the alignment of a single energy state emitter with a cavity mode. In practice this may be achieved because of the inhomogeneous broadening of the dot gain spectrum due to size fluctuations which gives a broad lineshape. This lineshape function can also enhance the operation of VCSELs in that it produces a very low spectral shift of the gain spectrum with temperature. We present measurements of optical gain within InGaAs quantum dots emitting at /spl sim/1 /spl mu/m wavelengths which confirm that this is so. Indeed the results show a shift in the gain which matches that seen for the lasing mode within vertical cavity structures at this wavelength.