gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epitope analysis of human IL-6 receptor gp80 molecule with monoclonal antibodies. (1994)

Gp80 human IL-6R was studied using 7 murine mAb (M37, M91, M113, M139, M164, M182 and M195) obtained after fusion of splenocytes of Balb/c mice immunised with a mixture of recombinant IL-6 receptor (rIL-6R) and cells from 2 cell lines expressing IL-6R. These were U266, which is IL-6 independent and XG-1 which is IL-6-dependent. In ELISA the 7 mAb reacted against the rIL-6R and against the natural soluble form found in plasma (nIL-6R), which both lack transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. However, M195 reacted less with the natural than with the recombinant soluble IL-6R. Using FACS analysis, the 7 mAb were shown to bind to U266 cells but not to the Namalva cell line which is deprived of IL-6R. This showed that they all recognised the membrane form of the IL-6R. Three of the anti-IL-6R mAb reacted with rIL-6R by Western blotting. Four different epitopes of the molecule were identified, either by cross-blocking experiments of mAb binding to IL6R in ELISA or by the biosensor Biacore technology. A group of 4 mAb (M37, M113, M139 and M164) and another mAb (M195) identified 2 different epitopes involved in IL-6 binding. These antibodies were able to inhibit the binding of IL-6 to IL-6R and the proliferation of the IL-6-dependent XG-1 cell line. M91 and M182 recognized 2 other epitopes that were not involved in IL-6 binding. As expected, M91 did not inhibit XG-1 proliferation; in contrast, M182 interfered with the proliferative response of the XG-1 cell line.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Roles of bacterial attachment and spontaneous partitioning in the biodegradation of naphthalene initially present in nonaqueous-phase liquids (1994)

The mineralization by an Arthrobacter sp. of naphthalene initially dissolved in di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate exhibited a slow phase followed by a rapid phase. Triton X-100, which inhibited cell attachment, prevented the onset of the second phase. Triton X-100 increased the extent of mineralization of naphthalene initially present in 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane. Cells attached to the interface mineralized the aromatic hydrocarbon at a rate four times higher than the rate of partitioning in the absence of microorganisms, but this microbial activity was markedly reduced by Triton X-100. We suggest that utilization of naphthalene originally present in nonaqueous-phase liquids may involve a partitioning-limited initial stage carried out by bacteria freely suspended in the aqueous phase and a subsequent, more rapid stage effected by bacteria present directly at the nonaqueous-liquid-water interface.
Applications of Electrospinning for Tissue Engineering in Otolaryngology (2020)

Tissue engineering is a burgeoning field, with recent innovative applications in the field of otolaryngology. Electrospun nanofibers specifically have relevant applications in the field of otolaryngology, due in part to their similarity to native extracellular matrix, with emerging areas of interest being tympanic membrane repair, cranial nerve regeneration and tracheal reconstruction.
Breast imaging technology: Recent advances in imaging endogenous or transferred gene expression utilizing radionuclide technologies in living subjects: applications to breast cancer (2000)

A variety of imaging technologies is being investigated as tools for studying gene expression in living subjects. Two technologies that use radiolabeled isotopes are single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). A relatively high sensitivity, a full quantitative tomographic capability, and the ability to extend small animal imaging assays directly into human applications characterize radionuclide approaches. Various radiolabeled probes (tracers) can be synthesized to target specific molecules present in breast cancer cells. These include antibodies or ligands to target cell surface receptors, substrates for intracellular enzymes, antisense oligodeoxynucleotide probes for targeting mRNA, probes for targeting intracellular receptors, and probes for genes transferred into the cell. We briefly discuss each of these imaging approaches and focus in detail on imaging reporter genes. In a PET reporter gene system for in vivo reporter gene imaging, the protein products of the reporter genes sequester positron emitting reporter probes. PET subsequently measures the PET reporter gene dependent sequestration of the PET reporter probe in living animals. We describe and review reporter gene approaches using the herpes simplex type 1 virus thymidine kinase and the dopamine type 2 receptor genes. Application of the reporter gene approach to animal models for breast cancer is discussed. Prospects for future applications of the transgene imaging technology in human gene therapy are also discussed. Both SPECT and PET provide unique opportunities to study animal models of breast cancer with direct application to human imaging. Continued development of new technology, probes and assays should help in the better understanding of basic breast cancer biology and in the improved management of breast cancer patients.
Two Phase 3 Trials of Dupilumab versus Placebo in Atopic Dermatitis (2016)

In two phase 3 trials of identical design involving patients with atopic dermatitis, dupilumab improved the signs and symptoms of atopic dermatitis, including pruritus, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and quality of life, as compared with placebo. Trials of longer duration are needed to assess the long-term effectiveness and safety of dupilumab. (Funded by Sanofi and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals; SOLO 1 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02277743 ; SOLO 2 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02277769 .).
Fermentation and aerobic metabolism of cellodextrins by yeasts (1991)

The fermentation and aerobic metabolism of cellodextrins by 14 yeast species or strains was monitored. When grown aerobically, Candida wickerhamii, C. guilliermondii, and C. molischiana metabolized cellodextrins of degree of polymerization 3 to 6. C. wickerhamii and C. molischiana also fermented these substrates, while C. guilliermondii fermented only cellodextrins of degree of polymerization less than or equal to 3. Debaryomyces polymorphus, Pichia guilliermondii, Clavispora lusitaniae, and one of two strains of Kluyveromyces lactis metabolized glucose, cellobiose, and cellotriose when grown aerobically. These yeasts also fermented these substrates, except for K. lactis, which fermented only glucose and cellobiose. The remaining species/strains tested, K. lactis, Brettano-myces claussenii, B. anomalus, K. dobzhanskii, Rhodotorula minuta, and Dekkera intermedia, both fermented and aerobically metabolized glucose and cellobiose. Crude enzyme preparations from all 14 yeast species or strains were tested for ability to hydrolyze cellotriose and cellotretose. Most of the yeasts produced an enzyme(s) capable of hydrolyzing cellotriose. However, with two exceptions, R. minuta and P. guilliermondii, only the yeasts that metabolized cellodextrins of degree of polymerization greater than 3 produced an enzyme(s) that hydrolyzed cellotretose.
Electrode-Reducing Microorganisms That Harvest Energy from Marine Sediments (2002)

Energy in the form of electricity can be harvested from marine sediments by placing a graphite electrode (the anode) in the anoxic zone and connecting it to a graphite cathode in the overlying aerobic water. We report a specific enrichment of microorganisms of the family Geobacteraceae on energy-harvesting anodes, and we show that these microorganisms can conserve energy to support their growth by oxidizing organic compounds with an electrode serving as the sole electron acceptor. This finding not only provides a method for extracting energy from organic matter, but also suggests a strategy for promoting the bioremediation of organic contaminants in subsurface environments.
Charting past, present, and future research in ubiquitous computing (2000)

The proliferation of computing into the physical world promises more than the ubiquitous availability of computing infrastructure; it suggest new paradigms of interaction inspired by constant access to information and computational capabilities. For the past decade, application-driven research on abiquitous computing (ubicomp) has pushed three interaction themes: natural interfaces, context-aware applications, and automated capture and access . To chart a course for future research in ubiquitous computing, we review the accomplishments of these efforts and point to remaining research challenges. Research in ubiquitious computing implicitly requires addressing some notion of scale, whether in the number and type of devices, the physical space of distributed computing, or the number of people using a system. We posit a new area of applications research, everyday computing, focussed on scaling interaction with respect to time. Just as pushing the availiability of computing away from the traditional desktop fundamentally changes the relationship between humans and computers, providing continuous interaction moves computing from a localized tool to a constant companion. Designing for continous interaction requires addressing interruption and reumption of intreaction, representing passages of time and providing associative storage models. Inherent in all of these interaction themes are difficult issues in the social implications of ubiquitous computing and the challenges of evaluating&gt; ubiquitious computing research. Although cumulative experience points to lessons in privacy, security, visibility, and control, there are no simple guidelines for steering research efforts. Akin to any efforts involving new technologies, evaluation strategies form a spectrum from technology feasibility efforts to long-term use studies—but a user-centric perspective is always possible and necessary
Use of cytokines in infection (2004)

Infectious disease remains an ever-growing health concern worldwide due to increasing antibiotic-resistant microbial strains, immune-compromised populations, international traffic and globalisation, and bioterrorism. There exists an urgent need to develop novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies. In addition to classic antibiotic therapeutics, immune-modulatory molecules such as cytokines or their inhibitors represent a promising form of antimicrobial therapeutics or immune adjuvant used for the purpose of vaccination. These molecules, in the form of either recombinant protein or transgene, exert their antimicrobial effect by enhancing infectious agent-specific immune activation or memory development, or by dampening undesired inflammatory and immune responses resulting from infection and host defence mechanisms. In the last two decades, a number of cytokine therapy-based experimental and clinical trials have been conducted, and some of these efforts have led to the routine clinical use of cytokines. For instance, although IFNs have been used to treat hepatitis C with great success, many other cytokines are yet to be fully evaluated for their antimicrobial potential. This review discusses the biology and therapeutic potential of selected immune modulatory cytokines and their inhibitors, including granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IFN-gamma, IL-12 and TNF.
Cloning and sequencing of the immunoglobulin A1 protease gene (iga) of Haemophilus influenzae serotype b (1989)

Secretion of immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) proteases is a characteristic of Haemophilus influenzae and several other bacterial pathogens causing infectious diseases, including meningitis. Indirect evidence suggests that the proteases are important virulence factors. In this study, we cloned the iga gene encoding immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) protease from H. influenzae serotype b into Escherichia coli, in which the recombinant H. influenzae iga gene was expressed and the resulting protease was secreted. Sequencing a part of a 7.5-kilobase DNA fragment containing the iga gene revealed a large open reading frame with a strongly biased codon usage and having the potential of encoding a protein of 1,541 amino acids and a molecular mass of 169 kilodaltons. Putative promoter and terminator elements flanking the open reading frame were identified. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of this H. influenzae IgA1 protease with that of a similar protease from Neisseria gonorrhoeae revealed several domains with a high degree of homology. Analogous to mechanisms known from the N. gonorrhoeae IgA protease secretion, we propose a scheme of posttranslational modifications of the H. influenzae IgA1 protease precursor, leading to a secreted protease with a molecular mass of 108 kilodaltons, which is close to the 100 kilodaltons reported for the mature IgA1 protease.
CNTO 95, a fully human monoclonal antibody that inhibits αv integrins, has antitumor and antiangiogenic activity in vivo (2004)

Integrins of the alphav family, such as alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5, are implicated in tumor-induced angiogenesis; but their role in tumor growth has not been fully explored. CNTO 95 is a fully human antibody that recognizes the alphav family of integrins and is likely to be less immunogenic in humans compared to chimeric or humanized antibodies. CNTO 95 bound to purified alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 with a Kd of approximately 200 pM and to alphav integrin-expressing human cells with a Kd of 1-24 nM. In vitro, CNTO 95 inhibited human melanoma cell adhesion, migration and invasion at doses ranging 7-20 nM. In a rat aortic ring sprouting assay, CNTO 95 (approx. 70 nM) completely inhibited sprouting. Using a human melanoma xenograft model in nude mice wherein CNTO 95 recognized alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 on human tumor cells but not mouse angiogenic integrins, CNTO 95 (10 mg/kg, 3 times/week) inhibited growth of human melanoma tumors in nude mice by approximately 80% (p = 0.0005), suggesting that CNTO 95 inhibited human tumor growth independently of its antiangiogenic activity. In a nude rat human xenograft model where CNTO 95 binds and blocks both tumor and host integrins, this antibody (10 mg/kg once/week) reduced final tumor weight by >99% (p < 0.0001). Based on these preclinical data, a dose-escalating phase I clinical trial in cancer patients has been initiated. To our knowledge, CNTO 95 is the first fully human MAb to alphav integrins that has potent antitumor and antiangiogenic properties in in vivo preclinical models.
Endpoints and clinical trial design for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (2011)

This article summarizes the consensus arrived at a meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases on the key endpoints and specific trial design issues that are germane for development of diagnostic biomarkers and treatment trials for NASH.
Slow Down and Concentrate: Time for a Paradigm Shift in Fall Prevention among People with Parkinson’s Disease? (2013)

Introduction. We know little about how environmental challenges beyond home exacerbate difficulty moving, leading to falls among people with Parkinson's (PwP). Aims. To survey falls beyond home, identifying challenges amenable to behaviour change. Methods. We distributed 380 questionnaires to PwP in Southern England, asking participants to count and describe falls beyond home in the previous 12 months. Results. Among 255 responses, 136 PwP (diagnosed a median 8 years) reported falling beyond home. They described 249 falls in detail, commonly falling forward after tripping in streets. Single fallers (one fall in 12 months) commonly missed their footing, walking, or changing position and recovered to standing alone or with unfamiliar help. Repeat fallers (median falls, two) commonly felt shaken or embarrassed and sought medical advice. Very frequent fallers (falling at least monthly; median falls beyond home, six) commonly fell backward, in shops and after collapse but often recovered to standing alone. Conclusion. Even independently active PwP who do not fall at home may fall beyond home, often after tripping. Falling beyond home may result in psychological and/or physical trauma (embarrassment if observed by strangers and/or injury if falling backwards onto a hard surface). Prevention requires vigilance and preparedness: slowing down and concentrating on a single task might effectively prevent falling.
The Alpha AXP architecture and 21064 processor (1993)

The Alpha AXP 64-b architecture, which forms the basis for a series of high-performance computer systems, is described. The implementation of this architecture in the 21064 microprocessor is discussed. This 1.4-cm*1.7-cm CMOS chip incorporates 1.68 million transistors using a 0.75- mu m, three-metal process. Performance measurement results for a variety of commonly used benchmarks under both OpenVMS AXP V1 and DEC OSF/1 V1.2 are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The immunotherapy of prostate and bladder cancer (2005)

The role of the immune system in controlling the growth of tumour cells is highly complex and has been extensively debated. It is well documented that the immune system controls virally induced cancers, and there is evidence for a role of specific immunity in other types of tumours. The greater understanding of the regulation and optimization of adoptive, specific immune responses, and the better characterization of tumour-associated antigens indicate the way for active specific vaccination and cell therapy in urological tumours. Currently, bacille Calmette Guerin immunotherapy is established for localized bladder cancer and many experimental immunotherapies are under evaluation. Here we review some timely aspects of tumour immunology, and describe the current status and development of immunotherapy in prostate and bladder cancer.
Phosphorylation sites in enolase and lactate dehydrogenase utilized by tyrosine protein kinases in vivo and in vitro. (1984)

Enolase, lactate dehydrogenase, and phosphoglycerate mutase have previously been found to contain phosphotyrosine in fibroblasts transformed by Rous sarcoma virus, which encodes a tyrosine-specific protein kinase. However, these phosphorylations are not stoichiometric, and their significance for any aspect of the transformed phenotype is unknown. We show here that enolase and lactate dehydrogenase are each phosphorylated chiefly at a single tyrosine in Rous sarcoma virus-transformed cells. The purified enzymes can also be phosphorylated at the same tyrosine in vitro when incubated with an immunoprecipitated retroviral transforming protein having associated tyrosine protein kinase activity. The phosphorylated tyrosine in lactate dehydrogenase is amino acid 238. The phosphorylated tyrosine in enolase lies in a sequence homologous to that surrounding histidine 43 in yeast enolase. Although the phosphorylated sequence in lactate dehydrogenase shows some homology to those sequences surrounding phosphotyrosines found in retroviral transforming proteins, the phosphorylated sequence in enolase is quite different.
Serum Galactosyl Hydroxylysine as a Biochemical Marker of Bone Resorption (1999)

Serum free Gal-Hyl may be useful as a serum marker of bone resorption.
The scope of early traumatic brain injury as a long-term health concern in two nationwide samples: Prevalence and prognostic factors (2011)

Based on two independent nationwide samples, the scope of TBI as a health concern in adolescence and young adulthood is greater than previously documented. The findings suggest that TBI event-related factors, especially force of impact, have greater predictive value than clinical symptoms of severity at the acute stage, females being more sensitive to the effects of mild TBI than males.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of a d2, Mo(IV) Complex Supported by a New OCO−Trianionic Pincer Ligand (2008)

The new terphenyl pincer precursor 3,3‘ ‘-di-tert-butyl-1,1‘:3‘,1‘ ‘-terphenyl-2,2‘ ‘-diol (1) is examined for its ability to support early transition metals as a trianionic ligand. Metalation proceeds smoothly at −35 °C with Mo(NMe2)4 to provide the Mo(IV), d2 amido−amine complex [3,3‘ ‘-di-tert-butyl-2,2‘ ‘-di(hydroxy-κO)-1,1‘:3‘,1‘ ‘-terphenyl-2‘-yl-κC2‘](N-methylmethanaminato)bis(N-methylmethanamine)molybdenum(IV), abbreviated as [tBuOCO]Mo(NMe2)(NHMe2)2, (2).
Intracellular leucine zipper interactions suggest c-Myc hetero-oligomerization. (1991)

The physiological significance of in vitro leucine zipper interactions was studied by the use of two strategies which detect specific protein-protein interactions in mammalian cells. Fusion genes were constructed which produce chimeric proteins containing leucine zipper domains from several proteins fused either to the DNA-binding domain of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL4 protein or to the transcriptional activation domain of the herpes simplex virus VP16 protein. Previous studies in mammalian cells have demonstrated that a single chimeric polypeptide containing these two domains will activate transcription of a reporter gene present downstream of the GAL4 DNA-binding site. Similarly, if the GAL4 DNA-binding domain of a chimeric protein could be complexed through leucine zipper interactions with the VP16 activation domain of another chimeric protein, then transcriptional activation of the reporter gene would be detected. Using this strategy for detecting leucine zipper interactions, we observed homo-oligomerization between leucine zipper domains of the yeast protein GCN4 and hetero-oligomerization between leucine zipper regions from the mammalian transcriptional regulating proteins c-Jun and c-Fos. In contrast, homo-oligomerization of the leucine zipper domain from c-Myc was not detectable in cells. The inability of the c-Myc leucine zipper to homo-oligomerize strongly in cells was confirmed independently. The second strategy to detect leucine zipper interactions takes advantage of the observation that the addition of nuclear localization sequences to a cytoplasmic protein will allow the cytoplasmic protein to be transported to and retained in the nucleus. Chimeric genes encoding proteins with sequences from a cytoplasmic protein fused either to the GCN4 or c-Myc leucine zipper domains were constructed. Experiments with the c-Myc chimeric protein failed to demonstrate transport of the cytoplasmic marker protein to the nucleus in cells expressing the wild-type c-Myc protein. In contrast, the cytoplasmic marker was translocated into the nucleus when the GCN4 leucine zippers were present on both the cytoplasmic marker and a nuclear protein, presumably as a result of leucine zipper interaction. These results suggest that c-Myc function requires hetero-oligomerization to an as yet undefined factor.