gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Block copolymers from cyclic imino ethers: a new class of nonionic polymer surfactant (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBlock copolymers from cyclic imino ethers: a new class of nonionic polymer surfactantShiro Kobayashi, Toshio Igarashi, Yasuhiro Moriuchi, and Takeo SaegusaCite this: Macromolecules 1986, 19, 3, 535–541Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00157a006RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views501Altmetric-Citations104LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (842 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Bedeutung alter und neuer Antiepileptika in der Behandlung psychischer Erkrankungen (1995)

Besides the classical application in the treatment of different forms of epilepsies antiepileptic drugs are also used for the therapy of psychic diseases. In the present review the elementary mechanisms of action, pharmacology, indications as well as side effects of antiepileptic drugs are described. Successively, the wide used drugs carbamazepine, valproate, phenytoin and ethosuximide and of new substances which have been launched or will be launched in the near future in Germany such as lamotrigine, vigabatrin, gabapentin and oxcarbazepine, are initially presented with regard to epilepsies, and thereafter in the context of prophylaxis and treatment of psychic diseases. Several uncontrolled and controlled clinical studies indicating the efficacy of carbamazepine and valproate in the treatment of the acute manic syndrome and the prophylaxis of bipolar affective disorders have been presented. An effect on the acute depressive syndrome is, however, uncertain. Because of the strong side effects of lithium and the non-response to lithium in some patients, antiepileptic drugs are an important alternative in treating affective disorders.
Prophage-Like Elements in Bifidobacteria: Insights from Genomics, Transcription, Integration, Distribution, and Phylogenetic Analysis (2005)

So far, there is only fragmentary and unconfirmed information on bacteriophages infecting the genus Bifidobacterium. In this report we analyzed three prophage-like elements that are present in the genomes of Bifidobacterium breve UCC 2003, Bifidobacterium longum NCC 2705, and Bifidobacterium longum DJO10A, designated Bbr-1, Bl-1, and Blj-1, respectively. These prophagelike elements exhibit homology with genes of double-stranded DNA bacteriophages spanning a broad phylogenetic range of host bacteria and are surprisingly closely related to bacteriophages infecting low-G+C bacteria. All three prophage-like elements are integrated in a tRNA(Met) gene, which appears to be reconstructed following phage integration. Analysis of the distribution of this integration site in many bifidobacterial species revealed that the attB sites are well conserved. The Blj-1 prophage is 36.9 kb long and was induced when a B. longum DJO10A culture was exposed to mitomycin C or hydrogen peroxide. The Bbr-1 prophage-like element appears to consist of a noninducible 28.5-kb chimeric DNA fragment composed of a composite mobile element inserted into prophage-like sequences, which do not appear to be widely distributed among B. breve strains. Northern blot analysis of the Bbr-1 prophage-like element showed that large parts of its genome are transcriptionally silent. Interestingly, a gene predicted to encode an extracellular beta-glucosidase carried within the Bbr-1 prophage-like element was shown to be transcribed.
Basic Studies on the Clinical Applications of Platelet-Rich Plasma (2003)

Platelets, which contain many growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), are being used in clinical applications as platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Only a few studies, however, have been conducted on the growth factors present in PRP and on the clinical applications using the drug delivery system (DDS). For the purpose of clinical application, we first modified the PRP preparation method and assessed the amounts of growth factors contained in the human platelet concentrates. Furthermore, we assessed fibrin glue as a DDS of platelet concentrates. Platelet precipitations were made by twice centrifuging human whole blood. The precipitated platelet was resuspended to yield the platelet concentrates. The growth factor concentrations were measured. Fibrin glue sheets containing this platelet concentrate were implanted in rabbit pinna and samples were obtained for immunostaining (anti-PDGF antibody) to assess the use of PRP over time using the fibrin glue as the DDS. The mean concentration of growth factors present in the platelet concentrates was three times or greater than that of conventional PRP. Furthermore, the results indicated that when the platelet concentrate was used with fibrin glue as a carrier, the contents were released over a period of about 1 week. This raises the possibility that this system may be useful in clinical applications.
Ferrocene modified polypyrrole with immobilised glucose oxidase and its application in amperometric glucose microbiosensors. (1989)

Gold microelectrodes were modified with electropolymerised polypyrrole in both organic and aqueous electrolytes. Cyclic voltammetry studies confirmed that electron conduction through the films in aqueous electrolytes is greatly reduced and is inefficient at mediating the oxidation/reduction of solution redox species. Films formed in aqueous electrolyte were also found to be more heterogenous in structure compared to those formed in acetonitrile. Aqueous polymerised films were used as an immobilisation matrix for glucose oxidase, and modified gold micro electrodes were used in the analysis of glucose using hydrogen peroxide detection. It was found that glucose oxidase was strongly absorbed into the films and that the sensors remained stable for several weeks. An improved linear range and oxygen insensitivity was achieved by incorporating the "water-insoluble" electron transfer mediator, dimethyl ferrocene, into the polypyrrole films by absorption. Good currents and response times to glucose addition were obtained from these electrodes, however, the electrodes possessed poor stability caused by the apparent loss of mediator from the films. Greater operational stability was achieved by covalently functionalising the films with the ferrocene derivative, ferrocenecarbonyl chloride. Covalently bound ferrocence was found to be an efficient oxidant of reduced glucose oxidase. Electrodes constructed in this manner possessed a good linear range, oxygen insensitivity and better stability. Electron transfer mechanisms are discussed.
High-Lamellar Ordering and Amorphous-Like π-Network in Short-Chain Thiazolothiazole−Thiophene Copolymers Lead to High Mobilities (2009)

Owing to their superior transport properties, poly(alkylthiophenes) and their derivatives emerged as one of the most widely studied semiconducting polymers with potential applications in organic electronics. It is now generally acknowledged that one of the particularly effective ways to increase the carrier mobility in these materials is by increasing the length of the conjugated backbones. Some recent reports suggest also that carrier mobilities can be further enhanced by highly crystalline arrangement (and interdigitation) of alkyl side chains possibly because it promotes the formation of extensive layered structures favorable for carrier transport. Results presented here demonstrate that, surprisingly, none of these factors are actually necessary for good electronic performance of polythiophene-like systems. Thiophene-based semiconducting polymers bearing thiazolothiazole unit (PTzQT) described here were shown to have very high carrier mobilities (∼0.3 cm2/Vs) despite their low molecular weight and uneven spacing of alkyl side chains, which suppressed high side chain crystallinity/interdigitation as revealed by thermal analysis and X-ray scattering. The highly disordered nature of these materials extended to the nanoscale level as evident from atomic force microscopy images, which have shown only the presence of small domains packed into isotropic amorphous-like superstructures with lateral correlation lengths increasing with the length of alkyl side chains. The observed concomitant increase of carrier mobilities points to the possible role of characteristic length of surface roughness as the key parameter controlling carrier transport in disordered, noninterdigitating systems.
Aberrant intestinal microbiota in individuals with prediabetes (2018)

Collectively, our data show that individuals with prediabetes have aberrant intestinal microbiota characterised by a decreased abundance of the genus Clostridium and the mucin-degrading bacterium A. muciniphila. Our findings are comparable to observations in overt chronic diseases characterised by low-grade inflammation.
MSF-A Interacts with Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α and Augments Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Transcriptional Activation to Affect Tumorigenicity and Angiogenesis (2006)

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a key transcription factor in the signaling pathway that controls the hypoxic responses of cancer cells. Activation of the HIF system has been observed in carcinogenesis and numerous cancers. We found an interaction between a member of the mammalian septin gene family (MSF-A) and the HIF system. MSF-A is a nuclear protein that interacts with HIF-1alpha protein to prevent its ubiquitination and degradation, thus activating the HIF transcriptome. Cells overexpressing MSF-A protein exhibit increased HIF transcriptional activity and higher proliferation rates in vitro and in vivo. Xenograft-derived human tumors from these cells were larger and more vascular. These findings link a function of a septin protein with angiogenesis through activation of the HIF pathway.
Vascular damage and anti-angiogenic effects of tumor vessel-targeted liposomal chemotherapy. (2003)

The poor selective toxicity of chemotherapeutic anticancer drugs leads to dose-limiting side effects that compromise clinical outcome. Solid tumors recruit new blood vessels to support tumor growth, and unique epitopes expressed on tumor endothelial cells can function as targets for the anti-angiogenic therapy of cancer. An NGR peptide that targets aminopeptidase N, a marker of angiogenic endothelial cells, was coupled to the surface of liposomal doxorubicin (NGR-SL[DXR]) and was used to treat orthotopic neuroblastoma (NB) xenografts in SCID mice. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that liposomes coupled to NGR peptide had long-circulating profiles in blood. Their uptake into NB tumor was time dependent, being at least 10 times higher than that of nontargeted liposomes (SL[DXR]) after 24 h, with DXR spreading outside the blood vessels and into the tumors. No uptake was observed into tumors of mice treated with the mismatched peptide ARA-targeted SL[DXR]. Tumor-specific DXR uptake was completely blocked when mice were coinjected with a 50-fold molar excess of the soluble NGR peptide. Adrenal tumor-bearing mice treated with 2 mg/kg/week/x3 of NGR-SL[DXR] partly outlived the control mice (P < 0.001), whereas doses > 3 mg/kg/week/x3 were toxic. Histopathological analysis of cryosections taken from treated mice revealed pronounced destruction of the tumor vasculature with a marked decreased in vessel density. Double staining of tumors with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling and antifactor VIII antibody or antihuman NB demonstrated endothelial cell apoptosis in the vasculature, as well as increased tumor cell apoptosis. Moreover, mice injected with 3 mg/kg/week/x3 of NGR-SL[DXR] displayed rapid tumor regression, as well as inhibition of metastases growth (P = 0.0002). One day after the third treatment, four of six mice showed no evidence of tumors, and the two others showed a >80% reduction in tumor mass and a >90% suppression of blood vessel density (P < 0.01). In contrast, mice treated with ARA-SL[DXR] formed large well-vascularized tumors. Finally, a metronomic administration of NGR-SL[DXR] (1 mg/kg/every other 2 days x 9) induced complete tumor eradication in all animals (P < 0.0001). Our strategy markedly enhanced the therapeutic index of DXR and enabled metronomic administration of therapeutic doses. A dual mechanism of action is proposed: indirect tumor cell kill via the destruction of tumor endothelium by NGR-targeted liposomes and direct tumor cell kill via localization of liposomal DXR to the tumor interstitial space. This combined strategy has the potential to overcome some major limitations of conventional chemotherapy.
Decorin Is a Biological Ligand for the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (1999)

Ectopic expression of decorin induces profound cytostatic effects in transformed cells with diverse histogenetic backgrounds. The mechanism of action has only recently begun to be elucidated. Exogenous decorin activates the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, thereby triggering a signaling cascade that leads to phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, induction of p21, and growth suppression. In this study we demonstrate a direct interaction of decorin with the EGF receptor. Binding of decorin induces dimerization of the EGF receptor and rapid and sustained phosphorylation of MAP kinase in squamous carcinoma cells. In a cell-free system, decorin induces autophosphorylation of purified EGF receptor by activating the receptor tyrosine kinase and can also act as a substrate for the EGF receptor kinase itself. Using radioligand binding assays we show that both immobilized and soluble decorin bind to the EGF receptor ectodomain or to purified EGF receptor. The binding is mediated by the protein core and has relatively low affinity (Kd approximately 87 nM). Thus, decorin should be considered as a novel biological ligand for the EGF receptor, an interaction that could regulate cell growth during remodeling and cancer growth.
MCPIP1 Deficiency in Mice Results in Severe Anemia Related to Autoimmune Mechanisms (2013)

Autoimmune gastritis is an organ-specific autoimmune disease of the stomach associated with pernicious anemia. The previous work from us and other groups identified MCPIP1 as an essential factor controlling inflammation and immune homeostasis. MCPIP1 -/-developed severe anemia. However, the mechanisms underlying this phenotype remain unclear. In the present study, we found that MCPIP1 deficiency in mice resulted in severe anemia related to autoimmune mechanisms. Although MCPIP1 deficiency did not affect erythropoiesis per se, the erythropoiesis in MCPIP1 -/-bone marrow erythroblasts was significantly attenuated due to iron and vitamin B 12 (VB 12 ) deficiency, which was mainly resulted from autoimmunity-associated gastritis and parietal cell loss. Consistently, exogenous supplement of iron and VB 12 greatly improved the anemia phenotype of MCPIP1 -/-mice. Finally, we have evidence suggesting that autoimmune hemolysis may also contribute to anemia phenotype of MCPIP1 -/-mice. Taken together, our study suggests that MCPIP1 deficiency in mice leads to the development of autoimmune gastritis and pernicious anemia. Thus, MCPIP1 -/-mice may be a good mouse model for investigating the pathogenesis of pernicious anemia and testing the efficacy of some potential drugs for treatment of this disease.
Privacy-Preserving Stream Aggregation with Fault Tolerance. (2011)

Abstract. We consider applications where an untrusted aggregator would like to collect privacy sensitive data from users, and compute aggregate statistics periodically. For example, imagine a smart grid operator who wishes to aggregate the total power consumption of a neighborhood every ten minutes; or a market researcher who wishes to track the fraction of population watching ESPN on an hourly basis. We design novel mechanisms that allow an aggregator to accurately estimate such statistics, while offering provable guarantees of user privacy against the untrusted aggregator. Our constructions are resilient to user failure and compromise, and can efficiently support dynamic joins and leaves. Our constructions also exemplify the clear advantage of combining applied cryptography and differential privacy techniques. 1
Mechanism of Dropwise Condensation (1965)

From a study of surface phenomena, information is obtained about conditions under which net condensation can occur. An experimental examination of the surface, using an optical method capable of detecting thin films of molecular dimensions, shows that no film greater than a monolayer in thickness exists on the area between the drops. Wetted pits and grooves in the surface are considered to be the most probable drop nucleation sites. A model for drop growth gives results which are compatible with experimentally observed values, and which show the growth rate to be a function of the vapor pressure.
Hypoxia Inducible Factor as a Cancer Drug Target (2003)

Solid tumors with areas of hypoxia are the most aggressive and difficult tumors to treat and are a major reason for treatment failure. Previous attempts to treat hypoxic tumors have been largely unsuccessful and new agents are needed. The cellular response to hypoxia is controlled by the hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) transcription factor. HIF-1 consists of an oxygen regulated alpha subunit and a constitutively expressed beta subunit, which bind and translocate to the nucleus to activate transcription of a range of genes involved in increasing glycolysis, inhibition of apoptosis and promotion of angiogenesis and metastasis. The activity of the HIF-1 complex is primarily controlled by levels of the alpha subunit and a series of mechanisms exist to control activation of the HIF-1 pathway. HIF-1alpha is over-expressed in a large number of human tumors and its over-expression correlates with poor prognosis and treatment failure. HIF-1 is therefore an important target for cancer chemotherapy. This review summarizes the literature surrounding the control of HIF-1, its role in cancer and potential drugs to target the pathway for cancer therapy.
Crosslinkable hole- and electron-transport materials for application in organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) (2002)

Organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) are one of the most promising alternatives to liquid crystal displays (LCDs) concerning flat panel display applications. The OLED technique is based on organic semiconductors used either as hole- or electron transporting materials or as emitter. Working on common problems in OLED preparation, performance and life time, novel and improved charge transport molecules and polymers of triarylamine- and poly(para-phenylene)type are introduced. This includes: (1) cyclic triarylamine-derivatives with enhanced glass transition temperature; (2) triarylamine based low molecular mass hole transport molecules and hole transport polymers with pendant oxetane groups for processing out of solution and subsequent crosslinking; and (3) fluorenyl-segmented poly(para -phenylene)s with defined electrochemical properties.
Inhibition of Syk activity by R788 in platelets prevents remote lung tissue damage after mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion injury (2012)

Tissue injury following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) occurs as a consequence of actions of soluble factors and immune cells. Growing evidence supports a role for platelets in the manifestation of tissue damage following I/R. Spleen tyrosine kinase has been well documented to be important in lymphocyte activation and more recently in platelet activation. We performed experiments to evaluate whether inhibition of platelet activation through inhibition of spleen tyrosine kinase prevents tissue damage after mesenteric I/R injury. Platelets isolated from C57BL/6J mice fed with R788 for 10 days were transfused into C57BL/6J mice depleted of platelets 2 days before mesenteric I/R injury. Platelet-depleted mice transfused with platelets from R788-treated mice before mesenteric I/R displayed a significant reduction in the degree of remote lung damage, but with little change in the degree of local intestinal damage compared with control I/R mice. Transfusion of R788-treated platelets also decreased platelet sequestration, C3 deposition, and immunoglobulin deposition in lung, but not in the intestine, compared with control groups. These findings demonstrate that platelet activation is a requisite for sequestration in the pulmonary vasculature to mediate remote tissue injury after mesenteric I/R. The use of small-molecule inhibitors may be valuable to prevent tissue damage in remote organs following I/R injury.
Branched-chain amino acids for people with hepatic encephalopathy (2017)

In this updated review, we included five additional trials. The analyses showed that BCAA had a beneficial effect on hepatic encephalopathy. We found no effect on mortality, quality of life, or nutritional parameters, but we need additional trials to evaluate these outcomes. Likewise, we need additional randomised clinical trials to determine the effect of BCAA compared with interventions such as non-absorbable disaccharides, rifaximin, or other antibiotics.
Key Role for the Epsilon Isoform of Protein Kinase C in Painful Alcoholic Neuropathy in the Rat (2000)

Chronic alcohol consumption produces a painful peripheral neuropathy for which there is no reliably successful therapy, attributable to, in great part, a lack of understanding of the underlying mechanisms. We tested the hypothesis that neuropathic pain associated with chronic alcohol consumption is a result of abnormal peripheral nociceptor function. In rats maintained on a diet to simulate chronic alcohol consumption in humans, mechanical hyperalgesia was present by the fourth week and maximal at 10 weeks. Thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia were also present. Mechanical threshold of C-fibers in ethanol fed rats was lowered, and the number of action potentials during sustained stimulation increased. The hyperalgesia was acutely attenuated by intradermal injection of nonselective protein kinase C (PKC) or selective PKCepsilon inhibitors injected at the site of nociceptive testing. Western immunoblot analysis indicated a higher level of PKCepsilon in dorsal root ganglia from alcohol-fed rats, supporting a role for enhanced PKCepsilon second-messenger signaling in nociceptors contributing to alcohol-induced hyperalgesia.
Navigating documents with the virtual scroll ring (2004)

We present a technique for scrolling through documents that is simple to implement and requires no special hardware. This is accomplished by simulating a hardware scroll ring--a device that maps circular finger motion into vertical scrolling. The technique performs at least as well as a mouse wheel for medium and long distances, and is preferred by users. It can be particularly useful in portable devices where screen-space and space for peripherals is at a premium.