gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Course and Outcome of Bacteremia Due to Staphylococcus aureus: Evaluation of Different Clinical Case Definitions (1993)

In a retrospective survey of patients hospitalized in the University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland, the course and outcome of 281 cases of true bacteremia due to Staphylococcus aureus over a 7-year period were analyzed. The main purpose was to evaluate different case definitions. In 78% of cases the source of bacteremia was obvious; vascular access sites (27%) and wounds (10%) were the most common sources. Metastasizing foci were more common in cases of primary vs. secondary bacteremia (P < .001). The incidence of endocarditis was higher in cases in which no portal of entry was defined (P < .03). The overall mortality rate was high at 34% partly because of inappropriate initial antibiotic therapy. With the introduction of an infectious disease service at the hospital, the fraction of misjudged results of blood culture diminished 2.5-fold. Among the differently defined cases, the mortality rate was significantly higher for cases of complicated vs. uncomplicated bacteremia (P < .01), for cases of primary vs. secondary bacteremia (P = .05), and for patients with endocarditis or other secondary foci (P < .001). Since only one methicillin-resistant strain was isolated, multiresistant staphylococci were not a problem in the hospital. Different case definitions allowed the detection of patients at increased risk for complications and death. In the treatment of sepsis with no evident focus, initial antimicrobial therapy should include the use of agents with antistaphylococcal activity.
Learning SURF Cascade for Fast and Accurate Object Detection (2013)

This paper presents a novel learning framework for training boosting cascade based object detector from large scale dataset. The framework is derived from the well-known Viola-Jones (VJ) framework but distinguished by three key differences. First, the proposed framework adopts multi-dimensional SURF features instead of single dimensional Haar features to describe local patches. In this way, the number of used local patches can be reduced from hundreds of thousands to several hundreds. Second, it adopts logistic regression as weak classifier for each local patch instead of decision trees in the VJ framework. Third, we adopt AUC as a single criterion for the convergence test during cascade training rather than the two trade-off criteria (false-positive-rate and hit-rate) in the VJ framework. The benefit is that the false-positive-rate can be adaptive among different cascade stages, and thus yields much faster convergence speed of SURF cascade. Combining these points together, the proposed approach has three good properties. First, the boosting cascade can be trained very efficiently. Experiments show that the proposed approach can train object detectors from billions of negative samples within one hour even on personal computers. Second, the built detector is comparable to the state-of-the-art algorithm not only on the accuracy but also on the processing speed. Third, the built detector is small in model-size due to short cascade stages.
Handbook of chemical glycosylation : advances in stereoselectivity and therapeutic relevance (2008)

GENERAL ASPECTS OF THE GLYCOSIDIC BOND FORMATION GLYCOSIDE SYNTHESIS FROM ANOMERIC HALIDES Glycosyl Fluorides Glycosyl Chlorides, Bromides, and Iodides GLYCOSIDE SYNTHESIS FROM 1-OXYGEN-SUBSTITUTED GLYCOSYL DONORS Hemiacetals and O-Acyl/Carbonyl Derivatives Glycosyl Imidates Anomeric Transglycosylation Phosphites, Phosphates, and Other O--P Derivatives GLYCOSIDE SYNTHESIS FROM 1-SULFUR/SELENIUM-SUBSTITUTED DERIVATIVES Thioalkyl and Thioaryl Glycosides Sulfoxides, Sulfimides, and Sulfones Xanthates, Thioimidates, and Other Thio Derivatives Selenoglycosides OTHER METHODS FOR GLYCOSIDE SYNTHESIS Orthoesters and Related Derivatives Dehydro and Anhydro Derivatives Miscellaneous Glycosyl Donors Indirect and Special Methods
Adaptive Fuzzy Fitness Granulation in Structural Optimization Problems (2007)

Computational complexity is a prohibitive factor in evolutionary optimization of sufficiently large and/or complex problems. Much of this computational complexity is due to the fitness function evaluation that may either not exist or be computationally very expensive. Here, we investigate the use of fitness granulation via an adaptive fuzzy similarity analysis as applied to two different hardware design problems that are evaluated using finite element analysis. The first design problem is a relatively simpler 2-D truss frame design with 36 parameters while the second problem is piezoelectric voltage and pattern arrangement design for static shape control in which 200 parameters are optimized. In comparison with standard application of evolutionary algorithms, statistical analysis reveals that the proposed method significantly decreases the number of fitness function evaluations while finding equally good or better solutions. Additionally, this more improvement is indicated with higher problem complexity.
Remote Radio‐Frequency Controlled Nanoliter Chemistry and Chemical Delivery on Substrates (2007)

Zielgenau: Selbstorganisierte metallische Nanoliterbehälter können mithilfe eines Magnetfelds in jede beliebige Raumrichtung bewegt werden, und aus ihnen können durch ein Radiofrequenzfeld ferngesteuert Chemikalien freigesetzt werden (siehe Bild). Die Behälter wurden für eine bedarfsgerechte lokalisierte Mikrofabrikation in einer Kapillare und für das nichtinvasive Einbringen von Substanzen in lebende Zellen genutzt. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2007/z604414_s.html or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Real-time gait mode intent recognition of a powered knee and ankle prosthesis for standing and walking (2008)

This paper describes a real-time gait mode intent recognition approach for the supervisory control of a powered transfemoral prosthesis. The proposed approach infers user intent by recognizing patterns in the prosthesis sensor's signals in real-time, eliminating the need for sound-side instrumentation and allowing fast mode switching. Simple time based features extracted from frames of prosthesis signals are reduced to lower dimensions. Gaussian Mixture Models are trained using an experimental database for gait mode classification. A voting scheme is applied as a post-processing step to increase the robustness of decision making. The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown via gait experiments on a treadmill with a healthy subject using an able bodied adapter.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Synthesis of Lipid A (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Software Based Instruction Caching for the RAW Architecture (1999)

This thesis addresses the design and implementation of a software based instruction caching system for the RAW architecture. This system is necessary to allow large programs to be run in the limited on-chip memory available for each RAW tile. Similar systems were examined and various design issues were examined in detail. A partial system was implemented in the RAW compiler in order to gauge the feasibility of such a system. Performance data was collected from various benchmarks. The implications of this data and directions for further research are discussed.
Treatment of Advanced Chronic Heart Failure with Normal Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction. Response to the letter by Dr. Martinez-Selles (2007)

We thank Dr. Martinez-Selles for his letter regarding our position statement on advanced chronic heart failure (ACHF). As he correctly points out, in our definition of ACHF we have included patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). To increase the specificity of our diagnostic criteria, we allowed inclusion of these patients only if they had other signs of severe cardiac dysfunction (i.e. a restrictive or pseudonormal mitral inflow pattern at Doppler-echocardiography and/or high left or right ventricular filling pressure at right heart catheterisation and/or high BNP or NT-ProBNP plasma levels).1 Dr. Martinez-Selles notes that we did not differentiate between the treatment of the patients with normal LVEF and that of the patients with low LVEF. With respect to medical treatment, we recognise in accordance with the current guidelines, 2 that there is little evidence in favour of any specific drug regimen. However, based on the mechanisms leading to symptom and disease progression in patients with heart failure and normal LVEF and on several clinical trials recently accomplished, we concluded that there are no major differences in the medical treatment of the patients with a normal LVEF, as compared to those with a reduced LVEF. This is also the position taken in the current European Society of Cardiology guidelines.2 We have, therefore, not discussed medical treatment of ACHF patients with low or normal LVEF separately. This would be an appropriate target for further research. On the other hand, with respect to the indications for devices and again in agreement with current guidelines, we do not think devices should be implanted in patients with heart failure and normal LVEF.2 There is very limited evidence collected in this population. In our position statement we refer to the current guidelines and recommendations for an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) and/or cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT). With respect to CRT, we wrote that it has been shown to reduce mortality and hospitalisations and improve symptoms and quality of life in patients with reduced LVEF and wide QRS duration. It would be logical to consider patients with these characteristics and ACHF as candidates 1. In conclusion, we agree with Dr. Martinez-Selles with regard of the importance of ACHF with preserved LVEF. However, we do not believe that there are major differences in pharmacological treatment. However, the indications for ICD or CRT should currently be restricted to patients with demonstrable systolic dysfunction.
Electron Hopping Conductivity and Vapor Sensing Properties of Flexible Network Polymer Films of Metal Nanoparticles (2002)

Films of monolayer protected Au clusters (MPCs) with mixed alkanethiolate and omega-carboxylate alkanethiolate monolayers, linked together in a network polymer by carboxylate-Cu2+-carboxylate bridges, exhibit electronic conductivities (sigma(EL)) that vary with both the numbers of methylene segments in the ligands and the bathing medium (N2, liquid or vapor). A chainlength-dependent swelling/contraction of the film's internal structure is shown to account for changes in sigma(EL). The linker chains appear to have sufficient flexibility to collapse and fold with varied degrees of film swelling or dryness. Conductivity is most influenced (exponentially dependent) by the chainlength of the nonlinker (alkanethiolate) ligands, a result consistent with electron tunneling through the alkanethiolate chains and nonbonded contacts between those chains on individual, adjacent MPCs. The sigma(EL) results concur with the behavior of UV-vis surface plasmon adsorption bands, which are enhanced for short nonlinker ligands and when the films are dry. The film conductivities respond to exposure to organic vapors, decreasing in electronic conductivity and increasing in mass (quartz crystal microgravimetry, QCM). In the presence of organic vapor, the flexible network of linked nanoparticles allows for a swelling-induced alteration in either length or chemical nature of electron tunneling pathways or both.
Simultaneous detection of multiple single nucleotide polymorphism by single-strand-specific nuclease and PNA probe (2003)

The combination of PNA (peptide nucleic acid) and single-strand-specific nuclease have been used for detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). When DNA is perfectly complementary to PNA, it is protected from digestion by the nuclease. If there exists a single-base mismatch between them, however, the DNA is completely digested. These differences are visualized by using 3,3'-diethylthiadicarbocyanine (DiSc2(5)), which changes its color from blue to purple upon binding to PNA/DNA hybrids. In terms of this methodology, homozygous and heterozygous SNPs in apoE gene have been successfully analyzed. Furthermore, the multiplex SNPs are simultaneously genotyped. This technique provides a simple, straightforward, facile, and visual genetic screening, with no need for expensive and complicated equipment.
Electrophoretic High Molecular Weight DNA Purification Enables Optical Mapping (2013)

Optical mapping generates an ordered restriction map from single, long DNA molecules. By overlapping restriction maps from multiple molecules, a physical map of entire chromosomes and genomes is constructed, greatly facilitating genome assembly in next generation sequencing projects, comparative genomics and strain typing. However, optical mapping relies on a method of preparing high quality DNA >250 kb in length, which can be challenging from some organisms and sample types. Here we demonstrate the ability of Boreal Genomics' Aurora instrument to provide pure, high molecular weight (HMW) DNA 250-1,100 kb in length, ideally suited for optical mapping. The Aurora performs electrophoretic DNA purification within an agarose gel in reusable cartridges, protecting long DNA molecules from shearing forces associated with liquid handling steps common to other purification methods. DNA can be purified directly from intact cells embedded and lysed within an agarose gel, preserving the highest molecular weight DNA possible while achieving exceptional levels of purity. The Aurora delivers DNA in a buffer solution, where DNA can be condensed and protected from shearing during recovery with a pipette. DNA is then returned to its regular coiled state by simple dilution prior to optical mapping. Here we present images showing HMW DNA purification taking place in the Aurora and subsequent images of single DNA molecules on OpGen's Argus® Optical Mapping System. Future work will focus on further optimizing Aurora HMW DNA purification to bias DNA recovery in favor of only the longest molecules in a sample, maximizing the benefits of optical mapping.
Double-Strand Break-Induced Recombination Between Ectopic Homologous Sequences in Somatic Plant Cells (1999)

Homologous recombination between ectopic sites is rare in higher eukaryotes. To test whether double-strand breaks (DSBs) can induce ectopic recombination, transgenic tobacco plants harboring two unlinked, nonfunctional homologous parts of a kanamycin resistance gene were produced. To induce homologous recombination between the recipient locus (containing an I-SceI site within homologous sequences) and the donor locus, the rare cutting restriction enzyme I-SceI was transiently expressed via Agrobacterium in these plants. Whereas without I-SceI expression no recombination events were detectable, four independent recombinants could be isolated after transient I-SceI expression, corresponding to approximately one event in 10(5) transformations. After regeneration, the F1 generation of all recombinants showed Mendelian segregation of kanamycin resistance. Molecular analysis of the recombinants revealed that the resistance gene was indeed restored via homologous recombination. Three different kinds of reaction products could be identified. In one recombinant a classical gene conversion without exchange of flanking markers occurred. In the three other cases homologous sequences were transferred only to one end of the break. Whereas in three cases the ectopic donor sequence remained unchanged, in one case rearrangements were found in recipient and donor loci. Thus, ectopic homologous recombination, which seems to be a minor repair pathway for DSBs in plants, is described best by recombination models that postulate independent roles for the break ends during the repair process.
Contactless electroreflectance of GaInNAsSb∕GaAs single quantum wells with indium content of 8%–32% (2007)

Interband transitions in GaInNAsSb∕GaAs single quantum wells (SQWs) with nominally identical nitrogen and antimony concentrations (2.5% N and 7% Sb) and varying indium concentrations (from 8% to 32%) have been investigated by contactless electroreflectance (CER). CER features related to optical transitions between the ground and excited states have been clearly observed. Energies of the QW transitions extracted from CER measurements have been matched with those obtained from theoretical calculations performed within the effective mass approximation for various conduction-band offsets (QC) and various electron effective masses. It has been found that the QC increases from 40% to 80% with the rise of the indium content from 8% to 32% and the electron effective mass is close to 0.09m0. The results show that the band gap discontinuity in GaInNAsSb∕GaAs SQWs can be broadly tuned with a change in the indium concentration.
Light Beam Deflection Using Holographic Scanning Techniques (1969)

Holographic techniques provide a mechanically simple method for deflecting light beams through two-and three-dimensional scan patterns. One technique for producing a two-dimensional raster scan through the use of a one-dimensional circular motion is described in detail. To illustrate the feasibility of such devices, a two-dimensional holographic scanner has been fabricated and used to construct a simple closed-circuit television system.
White skin: a Z-linked recessive mutation in the fowl (1981)

A 6-week-old pullet was noted with white shanks and beak from a strain of SC White Leghorns, pedigree-bred as a closed flock since 1948. Mating of the mutant to males with yellow skin produced only yellow skinned progeny. The F2 progeny consisted of equal numbers of yellow or white shanked pullets and yellow shanked sons. This distribution indicates that the new trait is due to a mutation on the Z chromosome. The symbol y is suggested for the new allele. Tests for linkage with late feathering K and with id revealed that the new locus is not closely linked with either. The white shank color trait is quite accurately identified in the newly hatched chick.
Regulation of β-Catenin Signaling by the B56 Subunit of Protein Phosphatase 2A (1999)

Dysregulation of Wnt-beta-catenin signaling disrupts axis formation in vertebrate embryos and underlies multiple human malignancies. The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein, axin, and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta form a Wnt-regulated signaling complex that mediates the phosphorylation-dependent degradation of beta-catenin. A protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) regulatory subunit, B56, interacted with APC in the yeast two-hybrid system. Expression of B56 reduced the abundance of beta-catenin and inhibited transcription of beta-catenin target genes in mammalian cells and Xenopus embryo explants. The B56-dependent decrease in beta-catenin was blocked by oncogenic mutations in beta-catenin or APC, and by proteasome inhibitors. B56 may direct PP2A to dephosphorylate specific components of the APC-dependent signaling complex and thereby inhibit Wnt signaling.
Shear stress induces expression of CNP gene in human endothelial cells (1995)

To elucidate the effect of blood flow on gene transcription of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), human umbilical vein endothelial cells were exposed to shear stress in a cone-plate viscometer. Expression of CNP mRNA, evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, was markedly increased by exposure to shear stress of 24 dyne/cm2 at 3 h. The CNP mRNA level was maintained until 12 h. Thus, the present study demonstrated for the first time that shear stress induces expression of CNP gene in human endothelial cells.
Trapping, Detection, and Mass Determination of Coliphage T4 DNA Ions by Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTrapping, Detection, and Mass Determination of Coliphage T4 DNA Ions by Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass SpectrometryRuidan. Chen, Xueheng. Cheng, Dale W. Mitchell, Steven A. Hofstadler, Qinyuan. Wu, Alan L. Rockwood, Michael G. Sherman, and Richard D. SmithCite this: Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 7, 1159–1163Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00103a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00103a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views416Altmetric-Citations119LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Restoration of Plasma Testosterone Levels in Uremic Men With Clomiphene Citrate (1976)

Five men with chronic renal failure and symptoms suggestive to androgen deficiency were treated with clomiphene citrate (Clomid) at a dose of 100 mg/day for a period of 5 to 12 months. The treatment resulted uniformly in increased libido, sexual potency, and a general sense of well-being. Circulating testosterone rose from mean basal value of 223 +/- 164 to 879 +/- 171 ng/dl (SD), representing a mean increment of 290%. Mean serum lutenizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) values before treatment were 76 +/- 40 and 143 +/- 85 ng/ml (SD). During treatment, both LH and FSH increased dramatically to 518 +/- 302 and 787 +/- 291 ng/ml (SD), respectively. Both serum gonadotropin values are expressed as ng/ml of LER 907. The effect of clomiphene on spermatogenesis in these subjects was inconclusive as either improvement or deterioration occured. In these five patients, serum prolactin was not related in any way to testicular function as its values were consistently in the normal range throughout the entire study period. Serum total estrogen, however, was elevated in all; the significance of this high circulating estrogen in relation to gonadal dysfunction in uremia is not clear at the present time. However, we found that normalization of circulating androgen was beneficial to our patients and that long-term clomiphene treatment achieved this goal by increasing pituitary gonadotropin secretion and secondarily stimulating testicular hormonogenesis.