gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On-Line Detection of Nonspecific Protein Adsorption at Artificial Surfaces (1997)

A detailed understanding of the interaction of proteins with artificial surfaces is essential for many applications in medicine and biochemistry. The affinity of surfaces toward proteins may, for instance, remove pharmacological proteins from media or control the adherence of pathogenic bacteria to protheses. Only a few analytical techniques now exist that can be used to study the binding process in real time, using unlabeled proteins. By investigating the adsorption kinetics of fibrinogen at differently terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiols on thin gold films, it is demonstrated that acoustic plate-mode sensors are a promising analytical tool for studying the adsorption of proteins. In agreement with previous studies for fibrinogen, it is shown in situ that hexa(ethylene glycol)-terminated SAMs (HS(CH2)11 (OCH2CH2)6OH) exhibit very low protein adsorption and that methyl-terminated SAMs (HS(CH2)11CH3) tend to absorb large amounts of protein nonspecifically. The observed adsorption kinetics deviate from classical Langmuir behavior; these kinetics are compatible with a mechanism that involves an unfolding of fibrinogen after adsorption. Film quality is controlled by IR, XPS, and contact angle measurements.
[Expression of stem cell markers on fetal and tumoral human liver cells in primary culture]. (2006)

Hepatic stem cells can be identified by the expression of putative markers such as CD117 (c-kit), CD90 (Thy-1), CD34, and HLA-DR. We have identified populations expressing these markers in both fetal and tumoral human liver by flow cytometry, using monoclonal antibodies against CD90, CD117, CD34, and HLA-DR. In tumoral liver CD117+/CD90+ cells were found in decreasing number from the neoplastic (2.48 +/- 0.67) and peritumoral region (0.88 +/- 0.12) to the area of para-tumoral (normal) parenchyma (0.13 +/- 0.04). The CD117+/CD34+ cells showed the following distribution: 0.35 +/- 0.05% in the tumoral region, 1.01 +/- 0.23% in the peritumoral region and 0.35 +/- 0.01 in the para-tumoral region. Using the same markers on fetal liver cells we have also identified small populations of CD117+/CD90+ cells (0.28 +/- 0.07%) and CD117+/CD34+ cells (1.13 +/- 0.24%), presumably resident stem cells or hematopoietic stem cells. Immunomagnetic negative separation was then performed on fetal liver cells using monoclonal antibodies against specific markers of hematopoietic lineages such as CD3, 14, 16, 19, 22, and CD56 to eliminate this population. The remaining cells were then incubated with fluorescently labeled monoclonal antibodies against CD90 and CD117 and analyzed using fluorescence microscopy. As expected these markers were expressed on the majority of the selected cells (89.28 +/- 9.56%). Isolation using appropriate markers and initiation of primary cultures is a first step to the therapeutic use of fetal stem cells and for the study of adult liver stem cells involvement in carcinogenesis.
Toward high-energy-density, high-efficiency, and moderate-temperature chip-scale thermophotovoltaics (2013)

The challenging problem of ultra-high-energy-density, high-efficiency, and small-scale portable power generation is addressed here using a distinctive thermophotovoltaic energy conversion mechanism and chip-based system design, which we name the microthermophotovoltaic (μTPV) generator. The approach is predicted to be capable of up to 32% efficient heat-to-electricity conversion within a millimeter-scale form factor. Although considerable technological barriers need to be overcome to reach full performance, we have performed a robust experimental demonstration that validates the theoretical framework and the key system components. Even with a much-simplified μTPV system design with theoretical efficiency prediction of 2.7%, we experimentally demonstrate 2.5% efficiency. The μTPV experimental system that was built and tested comprises a silicon propane microcombustor, an integrated high-temperature photonic crystal selective thermal emitter, four 0.55-eV GaInAsSb thermophotovoltaic diodes, and an ultra-high-efficiency maximum power-point tracking power electronics converter. The system was demonstrated to operate up to 800 °C (silicon microcombustor temperature) with an input thermal power of 13.7 W, generating 344 mW of electric power over a 1-cm(2) area.
Intrapericardial ok-432 instillation for the management of malignant pericardial effusion (1991)

Ten patients with malignant pericardial effusion were treated with intrapericardial injection of OK-432 (penicillin-treated and heat-treated lyophilized powder of the substrain of Streptococcus pyogenes A3). After intrapericardial insertion of a catheter, a maximal volume of pericardial fluid was withdrawn with cytologic confirmation of malignancy. Five or 10 Klinische Einheit (KE) (KE is a unit used to express the strength of a preparation) of OK-432 diluted in 20 ml of saline was injected into the pericardial space in seven and three patients, respectively. It was repeated in case of reaccumulation. Seven patients were treated only once and the remaining three required a second treatment. Complete control of pericardial effusion was achieved in all patients for an average of 329 days (range, 54 to 790 days). Fever and chest pain were experienced in six and five patients, respectively, but were controlled with antipyretics. Two of three patients who received 10 KE of OK-432 experienced hypotension that was successfully controlled with vasopressor drugs with or without reaspiration of pericardial fluid. Rapid reactive reaccumulation of the pericardial fluid was thought to be a cause of hypotension. A follow-up computed tomography (CT) scan was performed in seven patients and a thickened pericardium was noticed in five; no patients had constrictive pericarditis. These results suggest that intrapericardial administration of 5 KE of OK-432 is an effective and safe treatment for malignant pericardial effusion.
Exudative macular degeneration and intravitreal triamcinolone: 18 month follow up (1998)

The results of the present study suggest that a single intravitreal injection of 4 mg triamcinolone is reasonably well tolerated by the human eye. The rate of development of severe visual loss was less than reported for historical controls. Because the results are preliminary and uncontrolled, the treatment should not be used routinely until its benefit to patients is established by a prospective, randomized controlled study.
Crystal structure of a photoactivated deprotonated intermediate of rhodopsin (2006)

The changes that lead to activation of G protein-coupled receptors have not been elucidated at the structural level. In this work we report the crystal structures of both ground state and a photoactivated deprotonated intermediate of bovine rhodopsin at a resolution of 4.15 A. In the photoactivated state, the Schiff base linking the chromophore and Lys-296 becomes deprotonated, reminiscent of the G protein-activating state, metarhodopsin II. The structures reveal that the changes that accompany photoactivation are smaller than previously predicted for the metarhodopsin II state and include changes on the cytoplasmic surface of rhodopsin that possibly enable the coupling to its cognate G protein, transducin. Furthermore, rhodopsin forms a potentially physiologically relevant dimer interface that involves helices I, II, and 8, and when taken with the prior work that implicates helices IV and V as the physiological dimer interface may account for one of the interfaces of the oligomeric structure of rhodopsin seen in the membrane by atomic force microscopy. The activation and oligomerization models likely extend to the majority of other G protein-coupled receptors.
Protective immunity against murine hepatitis virus (MHV) induced by intranasal or subcutaneous administration of hybrids of tobacco mosaic virus that carries an MHV epitope (1999)

Hybrids of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were constructed with the use of fusion to the coat protein peptides of 10 or 15 amino acids, containing the 5B19 epitope from the spike protein of murine hepatitis virus (MHV) and giving rise to TMV-5B19 and TMV-5B19L, respectively. The TMV hybrids were propagated in tobacco plants, and the virus particles were purified. Immunogold labeling, with the use of the monoclonal MAb5B19 antibody, showed specific decoration of hybrid TMV particles, confirming the expression and display of the MHV epitope on the surface of the TMV. Mice were immunized with purified hybrid viruses after several regimens of immunization. Mice that received TMV-5B19L intranasally developed serum IgG and IgA specific for the 5B19 epitope and for the TMV coat protein. Hybrid TMV-5B19, administered by subcutaneous injections, elicited high titers of serum IgG that was specific for the 5B19 epitope and for coat protein, but IgA that was specific against 5B19 was not observed. Mice that were immunized with hybrid virus by subcutaneous or intranasal routes of administration survived challenge with a lethal dose (10 x LD50) of MHV strain JHM, whereas mice administered wild-type TMV died 10 d post challenge. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the dose of administered immunogen and protection against MHV infection. These studies show that TMV can be an effective vaccine delivery vehicle for parenteral and mucosal immunization and for protection from challenge with viral infection.
Pharmacotherapy Outcome in Older Pathological Gamblers: A Preliminary Investigation (2004)

Although pharmacotherapy is often effective for pathological gambling, little is known about how it affects older populations. The present study examines the response to pharmacotherapy in a series of pathological gamblers age 60 years and older. Fourteen older patients who fulfilled DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling were treated in an outpatient clinic. Subjects were assessed retrospectively with the Clinical Global Impressions scale (both severity and improvement measures) using information collected on gambling symptoms during clinic visits. Eight (57.1%) older patients achieved sustained response to pharmacotherapy. The present findings indicate that many older pathological gamblers respond to "off-label" use of pharmacotherapy. The present findings are preliminary. Further studies with larger samples are needed to confirm these findings.
Potent and selective inhibitors of Akt kinases slow the progress of tumors in vivo (2005)

The Akt kinases are central nodes in signal transduction pathways that are important for cellular transformation and tumor progression. We report the development of a series of potent and selective indazole-pyridine based Akt inhibitors. These compounds, exemplified by A-443654 (K(i) = 160 pmol/L versus Akt1), inhibit Akt-dependent signal transduction in cells and in vivo in a dose-responsive manner. In vivo, the Akt inhibitors slow the progression of tumors when used as monotherapy or in combination with paclitaxel or rapamycin. Tumor growth inhibition was observed during the dosing interval, and the tumors regrew when compound administration was ceased. The therapeutic window for these compounds is narrow. Efficacy is achieved at doses approximately 2-fold lower than the maximally tolerated doses. Consistent with data from knockout animals, the Akt inhibitors induce an increase in insulin secretion. They also induce a reactive increase in Akt phosphorylation. Other toxicities observed, including malaise and weight loss, are consistent with abnormalities in glucose metabolism. These data show that direct Akt inhibition may be useful in cancer therapy, but significant metabolic toxicities are likely dose limiting.
Facile Access to Key Reactive Intermediates in the Pd/PR3‐Catalyzed Telomerization of 1,3‐Butadiene (2010)

Found at last: A simple and efficient one-pot synthesis procedure leads to several cationic [Pd(1,2,3,7,8-η5-octa-2,7-dien-1-yl)(PR3)]+ complexes (see structure; Pd pink, O red, P orange), which are the long sought-after key reactive intermediates in the Pd/PR3-catalyzed telomerization of butadiene. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Morphological transformation of established rodent cell lines by high-level expression of the adenovirus type 2 E1a gene. (1986)

When a strong promoter derived from the mouse metallothionein gene was substituted for the homologous adenovirus type 2 E1a promoter, leading to enhanced levels of E1a RNAs and proteins in cells transfected with the chimeric gene, the E1a gene alone was able to induce in established cell lines alterations in cellular morphology and growth properties similar to those produced by the combined action of E1a and E1b genes. The qualitative effects of E1a gene expression upon cellular properties thus depend on the level of expression of the E1a gene. Furthermore, E1a may be the primary transforming gene of adenoviruses, since it produced many of the characteristics of transformed cells that had previously been attributed to E1b.
Energetics of Photosynthetic Algal Growth: Influence of Intermittent Illumination in Short (40 s) Cycles (1981)

A theory is developed to predict the growth rates of photosynthetic microbes in a photobiological reactor with light-sufficient zones and dark zones. The theory also predicts that in light-limited cultures the maintenance energy will increase in proportion to the duration of the dark period. The theory was tested and quantitatively confirmed by means of a loop reactor which permitted light and dark periods to be varied with a total cycle time of 40 s. An axenic Chlorella culture grown at the maximum rate under light-sufficient conditions could continue growth at the maximum rate in the dark for 9·2 s. It was found that the maintenance energy was zero in the light, but endogenous metabolism of resting cells in the dark corresponded to a large maintenance energy of 8·8 kJ (g dry wt)−1 h−1. These results have much significance for the design of photobiological reactors.
A catalytic mechanism for the dual-specific phosphatases. (1995)

Dual-specific protein-tyrosine phosphatases have the common active-site sequence motif HCXXGXXRS(T). The role of the conserved hydroxyl was investigated by changing serine-131 to an alanine (S131A) in the dual-specific protein-tyrosine phosphatase VHR. The pH profile of the kcat/Km value for the S131A mutant is indistinguishable from that of the native enzyme. In contrast, the kcat value for S131A mutant is 100-fold lower than that for the native enzyme, and the shape of the pH profile was perturbed from bell-shaped in the native enzyme to a pH-independent curve over the pH range 4.5-9.0. This evidence, along with results from a previous study, suggests that the S131A mutation alters the rate-limiting step in the catalytic mechanism. Formation of a phosphoenzyme intermediate appears to be rate-limiting with the native enzyme, whereas in the S131A mutant breakdown of the intermediate is rate-limiting. This was confirmed by the appearance of a burst of p-nitrophenol formation when p-nitrophenyl phosphate rapidly reacted with the S131A enzyme in a stopped-flow spectrophotometer. Loss of this hydroxyl group at the active site dramatically diminished the ability of the enzyme to hydrolyze the thiol-phosphate intermediate without exerting any significant change in the steps leading to and including the formation of the intermediate. Consistent with rate-limiting intermediate formation in the native enzyme, the rate of burst in the S131A mutant was 1.5 s-1, which agrees well with the kcat value of 5 s-1 observed for native enzyme. The amplitude of the burst was stoichiometric with final enzyme concentration, and the slow linear rate (0.06 s-1) of p-nitrophenol formation after the burst was in agreement with the steady-state determined value of kcat (0.055 s-1).
Recent advances in communicating with chaos (2002)

The past few years have witnessed rapid growth in the field of mobile and indoor radio applications. Chaotic communications schemes are potentially suitable for these applications, offering simpler and cheaper solutions that currently available Spread Spectrum (SS) techniques. This paper presents an overview of the most promising chaotic communications schemes which have been developed recently and proposes some multilevel extensions of these methods to increase the data rate.
Thioesterases I and II of Escherichia coli. Hydrolysis of native acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesters. (1978)

Thioesterases I and II of Escherichia coli hydrolyze the thioester linkages between fatty acid and CoA or acyl carrier protein (ACP). Previous workers had shown that chemically synthesized acyl-ACP substrates were hydrolyzed about 20-fold more slowly than the analogous CoA thioesters, and had suggested that the slower rate might be the result of modifications of the protein moiety which had occurred during the chemical synthesis. We have prepared a series of acyl-ACP substrates using acyl-ACP synthetase, a recently discovered enzyme which ligates long chain fatty acids to ACP. We have found that these preparations of native acyl-ACP are hydrolyzed much more slowly by both thioesterases than the analogous acyl-CoA or chemically synthesized acyl-ACP thioesters. The Michaelis constants (Km) of both thioesterases for native palmitoyl-ACP are 100 to 200 PM, a value over lo-fold higher than those reported for palmitoyl-CoA. The V,,, values of both enzymes for native palmitoyl-ACP are much lower than the values measured for palmitoyl-CoA. In the chemical procedure for acylating ACP, the amino groups are acetylated. This modification appears responsible for the differing rates of hydrolysis of native acyl-ACP and the substrates made chemically. Acetylation of our native palmitoyl-ACP increases the rate of hydrolysis of this substrate by both thioesterases. This modification of ACP is known to destabilize the tertiary structure of ACP under ionic conditions similar to those utilized in our assays. The greater rate of thioesterase cleavage of the chemically synthesized acyl-ACP over the native acyl-ACP can therefore be attributed to denaturation of the protein moiety of the former thioester.
High-Mobility Dual Metal Gate MOS Transistors with High-k Gate Dielectrics (2005)

Dual metal gate transistors with high-k gate dielectrics have been investigated for low-power metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) devices in 45 nm nodes and beyond. Using high-quality HfSiO gate dielectrics, using TiN and Ta for the gate electrode, and minimizing process damage, we have succeeded in markedly improving device performance. Effective work functions of 4.9 eV for TiN and 4.3 eV for Ta on HfSiO were obtained for the first time. Symmetrical threshold voltages of ±0.5 V were realized for these work functions. Small hysteresis and low interface trap densities for both TiN and Ta were obtained, which are almost the same as those of poly-Si/HfSiON transistors. No degradation in electron mobility was achieved for the first time for Ta-NMOS transistors at an effective field of 1.0 MV/cm. The gate leakage current at an equivalent electrical oxide thickness in an inversion of 1.7 nm was suppressed to 1 mA/cm -2 at a gate bias of Vth+0.6 V.
Characterization of tetracycline resistance plasmids from Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli (1983)

Tetracycline resistance in strains of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli was mediated by plasmids. Intra- and interspecies transfer was demonstrated within the genus Campylobacter. Buoyant densities of plasmid DNAs ranged from 1.691 to 1.694 g/cm3 (31 to 33% guanine plus cytosine). Restriction enzymes AccI, BclI, BglII, and PstI were found to be most useful for comparing the plasmids. The molecular weight of C. jejuni plasmid pMAK175 was 44.7 kilobases (29 X 10(6), and the other plasmids had similar sizes. Two plasmids from Belgian isolates of C. coli of human origin had very similar restriction enzyme profiles and are probably identical. Plasmids from human isolates of C. jejuni originating in Canada and the animal isolate of C. coli showed greater diversity. DNA homology among the campylobacter plasmids was assessed by probing the digests with a nick-translated campylobacter plasmid, pMAK175. All restriction fragments showed significant homology with pMAK175 probe DNA. No homology was noted between campylobacter plasmid DNA and plasmids specifying the four classes of tetracycline resistance determinants found in Enterobacteriaceae.
Syndiospecific propylene polymerizations with Group IVB metallocenes (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyndiospecific propylene polymerizations with Group IVB metallocenesJohn A. Ewen, Robert L. Jones, A. Razavi, and Joseph D. FerraraCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 18, 6255–6256Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00226a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00226a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2159Altmetric-Citations886LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Toll-like Receptor 3 and Geographic Atrophy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2008)

The TLR3 412Phe variant confers protection against geographic atrophy, probably by suppressing the death of retinal pigment epithelial cells. Since double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) can activate TLR3-mediated apoptosis, our results suggest a role of viral dsRNA in the development of geographic atrophy and point to the potential toxic effects of short-interfering-RNA therapies in the eye.
Enhanced migration of fibroblasts derived from lungs with fibrotic lesions. (1995)

The fact that fibroblasts from fibrotic lungs migrate faster than those from controls suggests that migration is related to the initiation of the pulmonary fibrotic process. These in vitro studies suggest that fibroblasts derived from the lungs of patients with pulmonary fibrosis have a migratory phenotype. Such a change in fibroblast phenotype, if it occurred in vivo, may be important in the context of the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.