gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Criteria of good dental practice generated by general dental practitioners and patients. (1996)

A survey was carried out asking patients to evaluate the criteria of good dental practice proposed by patients and dentists. A total of 344 patients from 4 different general dental practices in South East England evaluated 16 criteria of good dental practice. Eight criteria were generated by 30 general dental practitioners and the other eight by 30 patients. Questionnaires containing the 8 pairs of criteria randomly assigned by a computer were drawn up, with each pair containing one patient and one general dental practitioner criterion. Patients were asked to indicate their preference. The number of times each criterion was preferred was scored and ranked. The three highest ranked criteria were explanation of procedures, sterilisation/hygiene and dentist's skills (all criteria proposed from patients), whilst the three lowest ranked criteria were up-to-date equipment, pleasant decor and surroundings and good practice image (all criteria proposed from dentists). Overall the criteria proposed by patients as a group scored significantly more highly than those proposed by dentists as a group. There was variation in rankings relating to the sex, age, pattern of attendance and social class of the respondents.
Preliminary assessment of the efficacy, tolerability and safety of a cannabis-based medicine (Sativex) in the treatment of pain caused by rheumatoid arthritis (2005)

In the first ever controlled trial of a CBM in RA, a significant analgesic effect was observed and disease activity was significantly suppressed following Sativex treatment. Whilst the differences are small and variable across the population, they represent benefits of clinical relevance and show the need for more detailed investigation in this indication.
RHEOLOGICAL STUDY ON HYALURONIC ACID AND ITS DERIVATIVE SOLUTIONS (1999)

ABSTRACT Rheological measurements were performed on Hyaluronic acid (HA) and its derivative solutions to evaluate steady flow viscosity and dynamics response with the aim to correlate the materials properties to the concentration, molecular weight and chemical structure. At low molecular weight and concentration, the HA solutions behaved as viscous liquid, whereas a soft-gel response was evident at higher molecular weight and concentration due to chains entanglement. Increasing the molecular weight was more effective than increasing concentration in promoting entanglement of molecular chains of HA. Comparing the behavior of HA solutions with that of Hyaluronic acid derivatives, it is showed that it is possible to modulate the rheological properties of HA based solutions by chemical modification preserving the bio-compatibility of the materials. The results of the rheological analysis provide a valuable tool to properly design optimal substitutes for specific biomedical application.
Activation-modulated Association of 14–3–3 Proteins with Cbl in T Cells (1996)

14-3-3 proteins have recently been implicated in the regulation of intracellular signaling pathways via their interaction with several oncogene and protooncogene products. We found recently that 14-3-3 associates with several tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) in T cells. We report here the identification of the 120-kDa 14-3-3tau-binding phosphoprotein present in activated T cell lysates as Cbl, a protooncogene product of unknown function which was found recently to be a major protein-tyrosine kinase (PTK) substrate, and to interact with several signaling molecules including PI3-K, in T lymphocytes. The association between 14-3-3tau and Cbl was detected both in vitro and in intact T cells and, in contrast to Raf-1, was markedly increased following T cell activation. The use of truncated 14-3-3tau fusion proteins demonstrated that the 15 C-terminal residues are required for the association between 14-3-3 and three of its target proteins, namely, Cbl, Raf-1, and PI3-K. The findings that 14-3-3tau binds both PI3-K and Cbl, together with recent reports of an association between Cbl and PI3-K, suggest that 14-3-3 dimers play a critical role in signal transduction processes by promoting and coordinating protein-protein interactions of signaling proteins.
Effect of the Use of Ambulance-Based Thrombolysis on Time to Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke (2014)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01382862.
Compiler and runtime support for structured and block structured applications (1993)

Article Free Access Share on Compiler and runtime support for structured and block structured applications Authors: G. Agrawal Dept. of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD Dept. of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MDView Profile , A. Sussman Dept. of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD Dept. of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MDView Profile , J. Saltz Dept. of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD Dept. of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MDView Profile Authors Info & Claims Supercomputing '93: Proceedings of the 1993 ACM/IEEE conference on SupercomputingDecember 1993 Pages 578–587https://doi.org/10.1145/169627.169801Published:01 December 1993Publication History 28citation203DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations28Total Downloads203Last 12 Months6Last 6 weeks3 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Towards Performance Measures of Transportation Networks in Nigeria: Lessons from the Developed Countries (2013)

Transport is very key and important in the socio- economic transformation of any region or country. It is the life wire upon which other socio-economic activities of any nation depend. Be that as it may, government at all levels are always anxious to provide efficient transport services to meet the ever increasing desire of man to move freely while pursing his day to day activities. In the developed world, attention is shifting to the evaluation of transportation infrastructures as distinct from mere provision of such facilities. Hence, this study examines the various efforts of government of some developed countries of the world in their bid to make sure that transportation networks provision not only exist in some localities, but perform the roles they are meant to perform. Data for this study was collected from the secondary source through a review of existing literatures on how countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada Germany etc. have been able to apply performance measures to their transportation system; thereby giving room for a near perfect and efficient transportation system. Content analysis was used to analyze data. Findings revealed that no serious agencies of government in Nigeria had been put in place at both the federal and state levels to co-ordinate and promote performance measures of transportation networks. The study recommended the establishment of agencies that can get feedback from the populace, the performance level of transportation networks and infrastructures in Nigeria for improved transportation system in the country. Keywords: Performance, Transportation, Networks and Lessons).
Using Statistics in Lexical Analysis (2021)

This chapter discusses a number of statistical tools and shows some examples of how these tools can be used to enhance productivity of a human trying to solve one of these problems. It begins by introducing two statistics, mutual information and the t-score. British lexicographers, especially those working on dictionaries for foreign learners, are beginning to depend heavily on machine-readable corpora. They use these corpora and the basic concordancing tool mentioned above to fill in detailed syntactic descriptions. The notion that a language consists of a fixed set of rules and a finite set of lexical items, and that they can be learned by students, who will then “know” the language, is too attractive to be easily dislodged, but it has been responsible for some misconceptions inter alia about the status of infelicities typically produced by foreigners, which are sufficient to identify the speaker as foreign, although not actually wrong.
Regulation of autoimmune diabetes: Characteristics of non‐islet‐antigen specific therapies (1996)

Non-islet-antigen specific treatments have been shown to alter the natural history of insulin dependent diabetes in both the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse and in recently diagnosed patients. However concerns have been raised regarding the possibility that non-islet-antigen specific therapy may trade cell mediated autoimmunity for antibody dependent autoimmunity. Female NOD mice at approximately 70 days of age were treated with the non-islet-antigen specific agents complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and assayed for the development of antibody mediated autoimmunity at 300 days of age. Autoantibodies to red cells were not detected in any of the BCG (n = 19) or CFA (n = 15) treated animals, while 2 of 13 age-matched NOD animals had autoantibodies to red cells, shown by a positive direct Coomb's test. Anti-nuclear autoantibodies and complement deposition in the renal glomeruli were not significantly increased in the treated animals as compared to age-matched non-diabetic mice. The relative effectiveness of CFA and BCG treatment was examined in terms of the ability of these agents to preserve insulin containing islets. Complete Freund's adjuvant treatment was found to be more effective in preserving insulin containing islets when compared to BCG treatment. This study demonstrates that it is possible to inhibit the development of autoimmune diabetes without increasing the probability that treated animals will develop antibody dependent autoimmunity.
Dream interpretation sessions: Who volunteers, who benefits, and what volunteer clients view as most and least helpful. (1997)

Undergraduate students (N = 336) completed measures of personality, cognitive functioning, and attitudes toward dreams; reported average hours of sleep and estimated dream recall; and kept a 2-week dream diary. A subset of 109 students volunteered to participate in, and 65 students actually participated in, a dream interpretation session. The students who volunteered for dream interpretation had more positive attitudes toward dreams, recalled dreams more frequently, were more open, were higher in absorption (capacity for restructuring one's phenomenal field), and were more often female than nonvolunteers. The volunteer clients who gained the most from dream interpretation reported fewer dreams in a 2-week dream diary. Clients reported that the most helpful aspects of dream interpretation were insight, links to waking life, and receiving another person's input.
An integrated approach utilizing artificial neural networks and SELDI mass spectrometry for the classification of human tumours and rapid identification of potential biomarkers (2002)

Using a multi-layer perceptron Artificial Neural Network (ANN) (Neuroshell 2) with a back propagation algorithm we have developed a prototype approach that uses a model system (comprising five low and seven high-grade human astrocytomas) to identify mass spectral peaks whose relative intensity values correlate strongly to tumour grade. Analyzing data derived from MALDI mass spectrometry in conjunction with Ciphergen protein chip technology we have used relative importance values, determined from the weights of trained ANNs (Balls et al., Water, Air Soil Pollut., 85, 1467-1472, 1996), to identify masses that accurately predict tumour grade. Implementing a three-stage procedure, we have screened a population of approximately 100000-120000 variables and identified two ions (m/z values of 13454 and 13457) whose relative intensity pattern was significantly reduced in high-grade astrocytoma. The data from this initial study suggests that application of ANN-based approaches can identify molecular ion patterns which strongly associate with disease grade and that its application to larger cohorts of patient material could potentially facilitate the rapid identification of validated biomarkers having significant clinical (i.e. diagnostic/prognostic) potential for the field of cancer biology. AVAILIBILITY: Neuroshell 2 is commercially available from ward systems.
Lack of Effect of Sucralfate on the Absorption and Pharmacokinetics of Rosiglitazone (2002)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of sucralfate pretreatment on the pharmacokinetics of rosiglitazone following a single oral dose in healthy male volunteers. After an over night fast, and according to a randomized schedule, each volunteer (n = 9) received a single oral dose of rosiglitazone 8 mg (Avandia tablets, 4 mg x 2) with or without pretreatment of sucralfate 2 g (Recolfate tablets, 1 g x 2) in an open-label crossover study with a 2-week washout period. Plasma samples were collected over a period of 24 hours at regular intervals. Safety assessment included monitoring of the vital signs, blood parameters, and ECG. No statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed for any of the calculated rosiglitazone pharmacokinetic parameters in the two treatment groups. The mean parameters, AUC0-infinity and Cmax, following rosiglitazone administration alone were 3825.02 ng x h/ml and 664.47 ng/ml, respectively, and for rosiglitazone administered after pretreatment with sucralfate were 4848.19 ng x h/ml and 624.88 ng/ml, respectively. The t(max) for rosiglitazone alone and for rosiglitazone after sucralfate treatments was 1.11 and 1.67 hours, respectively. The mean elimination half-life for rosiglitazone and rosiglitazone after sucralfate treatment was 4.35 and 4.51 hours, respectively. Fraction of rosiglitazone absorbed was calculated by the Wagner-Nelson method, and no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed for the two treatments. Since sucralfate pretreatment did not show any significant difference in the pharmacokinetics of rosiglitazone, no dose adjustment is warranted for rosiglitazone when it is administered with sucralfate.
Endocrine manipulation in advanced breast cancer: recent advances with SERM therapies. (2001)

Tamoxifen is one of the most effective treatments for breast cancer through its ability to antagonize estrogen-dependent growth by binding estrogen receptors (ERs) and inhibiting breast epithelial cell proliferation. However, tamoxifen has estrogenic agonist effects in other tissues such as bone and endometrium because of liganded ER-activating target genes in these different cell types. Several novel antiestrogen compounds have been developed that are also selective ER modulators (SERMs) but that have a reduced agonist profile on breast and gynecological tissues. These SERMs offer the potential for enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity compared with tamoxifen. In advanced breast cancer clinical data exist for three first-generation SERMs (toremifene, droloxifene, idoxifene), which are related to the triphenylethylene structure of tamoxifen. In Phase II trials in a total of 263 patients resistant to tamoxifen, the median objective response rate to these SERMs was only 5% (range, 0-15%), with stable disease for > or =6 months in an additional 18% (range, 9-23%). As first-line therapy for advanced breast cancer, the median response rate was 31% (range, 20-68%) with a median time to progression of 7 months. Randomized Phase III trials for toremifene and idoxifene in more than 1500 patients showed no significant difference compared with tamoxifen. Fewer clinical data exist for the structurally distinct second- and third-generation SERMs (raloxifene, arzoxifene, EM-800, and ERA-923), although a similarly low median response rate of 6% (range, 0-14%) was seen in Phase II trials in tamoxifen-resistant patients. It remains unclear whether any clinical advantage exists for second- and third-generation SERMs over tamoxifen as first-line therapy. With the emergence of potent aromatase inhibitors (AIs) that are superior to tamoxifen, the clinical questions in advanced disease have shifted to which antiestrogen (including SERMs) may be effective following failure of AIs, and whether any merit exists for combined AI/SERM therapy. The main advantage for SERM therapy probably remains in early stage-disease (adjuvant therapy or prevention), in which the estrogenic effects on bone and reduced gynecological side effects may prove more beneficial than either tamoxifen or AI. The issue is whether the current clinical data for SERMs in advanced breast cancer are sufficiently strong to encourage that further development.
Inhibitory Receptors Induced by VSV Viroimmunotherapy Are Not Necessarily Targets for Improving Treatment Efficacy (2017)

Systemic viroimmunotherapy activates endogenous innate and adaptive immune responses against both viral and tumor antigens. We have shown that therapy with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) engineered to express a tumor-associated antigen activates antigen-specific adoptively transferred T cells (adoptive cell therapy, ACT) in vivo to generate effective therapy. The overall goal of this study was to phenotypically characterize the immune response to VSV+ACT therapy and use the information gained to rationally improve combination therapy. We observed rapid expansion of blood CD8<sup>+</sup> effector cells acutely following VSV therapy with markedly high expression of the immune checkpoint molecules PD-1 and TIM-3. Using these data, we tested a treatment schedule incorporating mAb immune checkpoint inhibitors with VSV+ACT treatment. Unlike clinical scenarios, we delivered therapy at early time points following tumor establishment and treatment. Our goal was to potentiate the immune response generated by VSV therapy to achieve durable control of metastatic disease. Despite the high frequency of endogenous PD-1<sup>+</sup> TIM-3<sup>+</sup> CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells following virus administration, antibody blockade did not improve survival. These findings provide highly significant information about response kinetics to viroimmunotherapy and juxtapose the clinical use of checkpoint inhibitors against chronically dysfunctional T cells and the acute T cell response to oncolytic viruses.
Additivity of Protein and Nonprotein Inhibitors of Lung Surfactant Activity (1998)

This study examined the degree of additivity of several physiologically relevant protein and nonprotein inhibitors in impairing the surface activity of whole and extracted calf lung surfactant (LS and CLSE) on a pulsating bubble apparatus at 37 degrees C. Inhibitors investigated were albumin, hemoglobin, C16:0 and C18:1 lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), oleic acid (OA), palmitoleic acid (PA), arachidonic acid (AA), and mixed red blood cell membrane lipids (RBCML). In the absence of inhibitors, LS (0.5 mg/ml) and CLSE (0.75 mg/ml) reached minimum surface tensions < 1 mN/m within 5 min of bubble pulsation (20 cycles/min, 50% area compression). Each inhibitor acting alone was able to reduce the surface activity of LS and CLSE, either raising minimum surface tension or increasing the time course of surface tension lowering or both. Several combinations of inhibitors exhibited additivity in impairing LS or CLSE activity at a lower concentration in mixtures than when present alone (albumin plus either C16:0 LPC, C18:1 LPC, or RBCML; hemoglobin plus either C16:0 LPC, C18:1 LPC, RBCML, PA, OA, or AA). The degree of additivity, however, was typically small in terms of the magnitude of reduction in inhibitor concentration or the rise in minimum surface tension relative to the effects of the most severe single inhibitor present. Substantial synergy was not found for any of the combinations of protein and nonprotein inhibitors investigated. Mixtures of albumin with PA or AA actually had a reduced inhibitory effect on LS and CLSE activity compared with the free fatty acids alone, apparently because of albumin binding of these molecules. In all cases, the detrimental effects of mixed inhibitors on LS and CLSE activity were reversed at increased surfactant concentration. These results indicate that surfactant dysfunction in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) could be increased in severity by interactions between some inhibitory substances, but that supplementation with exogenous CLSE would be effective in reversing inactivation by the mixtures of blood proteins, membrane lipids, and fatty acids studied.
Hierarchical Processing of Levenson-Type Phase Shifter Generation (1997)

The hierarchical processing of Levenson-type phase shifter generation has been developed. It is integrated with a computer aided design (CAD) system, which makes modification of conflict spots easy for designers. In order to keep CAD data compressed during phase assignment, phase information is stored as a combination of two properties, phase and group reversal. Phase assignment is generally executed cell-by-cell from the bottom up. In each cell, the region processed is kept to a minimum in order to achieve efficient processing. The intrinsic problem of bottom-up hierarchical processing is the merge problem in which patterns to be merged at the cell boundary have different phases, and it is treated with retry processing. The hierarchical phase assignment was applied to 4M-bit memory with a core circuit and the effectiveness of the hierarchical processing was demonstrated. The processed data were compressed to about 1/20, and processing time was reduced by at least 1/2 of those by flat processing.
Experimental models of arthritis in which pathogenesis is dependent on TNF expression (2014)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by joint damage as well as systemic manifestations. The exact cause of RA is not known. Both genetic and environmental factors are believed to contribute to the development of this disease. Increased expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of RA. Currently, the use of anti-TNF drugs is one of the most effective strategies for the treatment of RA, although therapeutic response is not observed in all patients. Furthermore, due to non-redundant protective functions of TNF, systemic anti-TNF therapy is often associated with unwanted side effects such as increased frequency of infectious diseases. Development of experimental models of arthritis in mice is necessary for studies on the mechanisms of pathogenesis of this disease and can be useful for comparative evaluation of various anti-TNF drugs. Here we provide an overview of the field and present our own data with two experimental models of autoimmune arthritis - collagen-induced arthritis and antibody-induced arthritis in C57Bl/6 and BALB/c mice, as well as in tnf-humanized mice generated on C57Bl/6 background. We show that TNF-deficient mice are resistant to the development of collagen-induced arthritis, and the use of anti-TNF therapy significantly reduces the disease symptoms. We also generated and evaluated a fluorescent detector of TNF overexpression in vivo. Overall, we have developed an experimental platform for studying the mechanisms of action of existing and newly developed anti-TNF drugs for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.