gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The GAMBAS middleware and SDK for smart city applications (2014)

The concept of smart cities envisions services that provide distraction-free support for citizens. To realize this vision, the services must adapt to the citizens' situations, behaviors and intents at runtime. This requires services to gather and process the context of their users. Mobile devices provide a promising basis for determining context in an automated manner on a large scale. However, despite the wide availability of versatile programmable mobile platforms such as Android and iOS, there are only few examples of smart city applications. One reason for this is that existing software platforms primarily focus on low-level resource management which requires application developers to repeatedly tackle many challenging tasks. Examples include efficient data acquisition, secure and privacy-preserving data distribution as well as interoperable data integration. In this paper, we describe the GAMBAS middleware which tries to simplify the development of smart city applications. To do this, GAMBAS introduces a Java-based runtime system with an associated software development kit (SDK). To clarify how the runtime system and the SDK can be used for application development, we describe two simple applications that highlight different middleware functions.
Interleukin-6 receptor pathways in abdominal aortic aneurysm (2012)

A Mendelian randomization approach provides robust evidence that signalling via the IL-6R is likely to be a causal pathway in AAA. Drugs that inhibit IL-6R may play a role in AAA management.
rRNA cleavage as an index of ppp(A2'p)nA activity in interferon-treated encephalomyocarditis virus-infected cells (1983)

In cell-free systems, 2-5A [ppp(A2'p)nA, n = 2 to greater than or equal to 4] activates a latent endoribonuclease, the 2-5A-dependent RNase, which cleaves rRNA in intact ribosomes into discrete and characteristic products (D. H. Wreschner et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 9:1571-1581, 1981). Here we present Northern blots which have identified the 18S or 28S origins of the cleaved products from rRNA. In addition, identical 3' termini were observed for fragments of 18S rRNA from a HeLa cell-free system incubated with 2-5A and from interferon-treated, encephalomyocarditis virus-infected HeLa cells. The previous assumption of identity of such fragments was based only on comigration on electrophoresis in agarose gels. We conclude that appropriate patterns of cleavage found in RNA isolated from intact cells are an indicator of prior 2-5A-dependent RNase activity. The assay of rRNA cleavage is relatively convenient and unambiguous. Accordingly, in the search for situations in which the 2-5A system may be active, it provides a useful alternative to the direct assay of 2-5A.
Increased plasma levels of cytokines after seizures in localization-related epilepsy (2007)

These results show that only single seizures cause activation of cytokine cascade and associated inflammatory signals. In the case of recurrent seizures, these signals may result in structural changes in the nervous tissue, which are generally associated with drug refractory epilepsy.
Levels of cell membrane CD59 regulate the extent of complement-mediated lysis of human melanoma cells. (1996)

Normal and neoplastic cells are protected from autologous complement (C) attack by different cell-surface C-regulatory proteins including CD59 (protectin), CD46 (membrane cofactor protein) and CD55 (decay-accelerating factor). Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) analysis showed a differential expression of CD59, CD46, and CD55 in nine human melanoma cell lines and that the expression of CD59 was highly heterogeneous compared with that of CD46 and CD55. Levels of cell membrane CD59 were found to regulate the differential sensitivity of melanoma cells investigated to homologous C-mediated lysis; in fact, an inverse correlation (r > 0.7, p < 0.05) was found between levels of cell membrane CD59, but not of CD46 and CD55, and extent of C-mediated lysis of melanoma cells sensitized with scalar concentrations of the anti-GD3 ganglioside mAb R24. Masking of CD59 by 2.5 micrograms/ml of the anti-CD59 mAb YTH53.1 induced or enhanced C-mediated lysis of melanoma cells sensitized with 2.5 micrograms/ml of mAb R24; the latter phenomenon was found to be directly correlated (r > 0.865, p < 0.01) with levels of cell membrane CD59. CD59 is bound to melanoma cells by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor: treatment of C-resistant melanoma cells Mel 97, by increasing doses of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC), progressively decreased cell-surface expression of CD59 and increased C-mediated lysis of cells sensitized with mAb R24. Staining of 38 benign and malignant lesions of melanocytic origin by mAb YTH53.1 demonstrated that CD59 is consistently expressed in vivo and confirmed the heterogeneous expression detected in vitro. Our data, altogether, demonstrate that CD59 is the main restriction factor of C-mediated lysis of melanoma cells and that levels of CD59 may account for their differential resistance to C-mediated lysis. The analysis of the levels of CD59 could represent an useful strategy in selecting melanoma patients who may benefit from immunotherapeutic treatment(s) that trigger C activation.
Fully automated shape analysis for detection of Osteoarthritis from lateral knee radiographs (2016)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, affecting millions of people around the world. Since no cure has been discovered and considering the financial impact on health systems, any attempt to understand more of this disease could reveal new insights that would help develop new therapies. Lateral knee radiographs are often ignored both by clinicians and the research community when trying to diagnose OA or other diseases that affect the knee joint. Our goal is to show that this view has a considerable potential. We present a fully automated method based on a Random Forest Regression Voting Constrained Local Model (RFCLM) to discriminate radiographs of people that have developed OA from people who have not. The experiments involved models built on different combinations of the four shapes (patella, tibia, medial and lateral femoral condyles) of the knee joint. We show that automated analysis of the lateral view achieves classification performance comparable if not better than similar techniques applied to the frontal view.
Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Human Periodontal Diseases (1993)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are a family of proteolytic enzymes that mediate the degradation of extracellular matrix macromolecules, including interstitial and basement membrane collagens, fibronectin, laminin, and proteoglycan core protein. The enzymes are secreted or released in latent form and become activated in the pericellular environment by disruption of a Zn(++)-cysteine bond which blocks the reactivity of the active site. The major cell types in inflamed and healthy periodontal tissues (fibroblasts, keratinocytes, endothelial cells, and macrophages) are capable of responding to growth factors and cytokines, as well as to products released from the microbial flora by induction of transcription of 1 or more MMP genes. Cytokines that are likely to regulate expression of MMP genes in periodontal tissues include IL-1, TNF-alpha, and TGF-alpha. In addition, triggered PMN leukocytes which express only 2 MMP (PMN-CL and Mr 92K GL) release these enzymes from specific granule storage sites in response to a number of stimuli. The evidence that MMP are involved in tissue destruction in human periodontal diseases is still indirect and circumstantial. Cells isolated from normal and inflamed gingiva are capable of expressing a wide complement of MMP in culture and several MMP can be detected in cells of human gingiva in vivo. In addition, PMN-CL and Mr 92K GL are readily detected in gingival crevicular fluid from gingivitis and periodontitis patients. Osteoclastic bone resorption does not appear to directly involve MMP, but a body of evidence suggests that bone resorption is initiated by removal of the osteoid layer by osteoblasts by means of a collagenase-dependent process.
Novel Therapies for CNS Injuries: Rationales and Results (1995)

Introduction Traumatic and Ischemic Injuries to the Brain and Spinal Cord Traumatic Brain Injury Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Classification, P.L. Peterson, A. Guyot, and R.D. Zafonte Spinal Cord Injury Epidemiological Studies, Diagnosis, and Classification, P.R. Aldana and B.A. Green Risk Factors and Primary Prevention of Strokes, A.J. Orencia and J. Biller Current Management Strategies Current Management Strategies for Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injuries, J.P. Muizelaar and P.L. Peterson Current Management Strategies for Cerebrovascular Stenosis Prophylaxis and Treatment, J. Weinberger Novel Experimental Therapies for CNS Injuries Thrombolysis in Stroke, A. Durocher and J. Biller Platelet-Activating Factor Antagonists, D.D. Gilboe, J.H. Fitzpatrick,Jr., and D.B. Kintner Excitatory Amino Acid Pharmacology in Traumatic Brain Injury, D.H. Smith and T.K. McIntosh Excitatory Amino Acid Receptor Antagonists in the Treatment of Ischemia, J.W. Phillis Glutamate Release Inhibition, M.J. Leach and J.H. Swan Calcium Antagonists for Therapy of Disorders of the Nervous System, S.M. Goldin, R.N. McBurney, and T.J. Turner Nonenzymic Inhibitors of Free Radical Production, J.W. Phillis 21-Aminosteroids in Acute CNS Injury and Ischemia, E.D. Hall Antioxidant Enzymes in Cerebral Ischemia and Trauma, G.T. Gobbel and P.H. Chan Clinical and Laboratory Basis of Hypothermia for the Treatment of Severe Head Injury, G.L. Clifton, C.E. Dixon, and R.L. Hayes Neuroregeneration as a Repair Mechanism in Brain Injuries: Pharmacological Role of Growth-Promoting Factors, A. Gorio and A.M. di Giulio Gangliosides, F.H. Geisler Nitric Oxide, Trophic Factors, and Cerebral Injury, K. Maiese Purinergic Interventions in Traumatic and Ischemic Injury, K.A. Rudolphi and P. Schubert The Role of Calcium-Activated Proteolysis in Ischemic Brain Injury, K.S. Lee Endothelial Adhesion Factors in Traumatic and Ischemic Injuries of the Brain and Spinal Cord, R.M. McCarron Experimental Therapeutic Opioid Interventions in Traumatic CNS Injury, B.G. Lyeth Index
Update of the molecular basis of familial hypercholesterolemia in The Netherlands (2005)

Autosomal-dominant hypercholesterolemia (ADH) has been identified as a major risk factor for coronary vascular disease (CVD) and is associated with mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and the apolipoprotein B (APOB) gene. Since 1991 DNA samples from clinically diagnosed ADH patients have been routinely analyzed for the presence of LDLR and APOB gene mutations. As of 2001, 1,641 index patients (164 index patients per year) had been identified, while from 2001 onward a more sensitive, high-throughput system was used, resulting in the identification of 1,177 new index patients (average=294 index patients per year). Of these 1,177 index cases, 131 different causative genetic variants in the LDLR gene and six different causative mutations in the APOB gene were new for the Dutch population. Of these 131 mutations, 83 LDLR and four APOB gene mutations had not been reported before. The inclusion of all 2,818 index cases into the national screening program for familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) resulted in the identification of 7,079 relatives who carried a mutation that causes ADH. Screening of the LDLR and APOB genes in clinically diagnosed FH patients resulted in approximately 77% of the patients being identified as carriers of a causative mutation. The population of patients with ADH was divided into three genetically distinct groups: carriers of an LDLR mutation (FH), carriers of an APOB mutation (FDB), and non-LDLR/non-APOB patients (FH3). No differences were found with regard to untreated cholesterol levels, response to therapy, and onset of CVD. However, all groups were at an increased risk for CVD. Therefore, to ultimately identify all individuals with ADH, the identification of new genes and mutations in the genes that cause ADH is of crucial importance for the ongoing national program to identify patients with ADH by genetic cascade screening.
Modal cutoff and the V parameter in photonic crystal fibers (2003)

We address the long-standing unresolved problem concerning the V parameter in a photonic crystal fiber. In formulating the parameter appropriate for a core defect in a periodic structure, we argue that the multimode cutoff occurs at a wavelength lambda* that satisfies VPCF(lambda*) = pi. By comparing this approach with numerics and recent cutoff calculations we confirm this result.
Considerations about phenol electrohydrogenation on electrodes made with reticulated vitreous carbon cathode (2003)

The electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) of phenol was carried out in aqueous media with catalytic powders. The catalytic powders were composed of palladium nanoaggregates deposited on various substrates such as Al 2 O 3 , BaSO 4 , and BaCO 3 . Composite powders are trapped (upon stirring) into a reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) matrix, allowing a rapid in situ build-up of the electrode and alleviating the use of a binder, since the latter may have a detrimental effect on the ECH. For a given amount of noble metal (5% palladium by weight), it is observed that the ECH of phenol to cyclohexanol increases in the following order: Pd/BaCO 3 &lt; Pd/BaSO 4 &lt; Pd/Al 2 O 3 . It is deduced that the ECH rate is largely dependent on the adsorption of organic molecules on the nonmetallic substrate, and a model is considered to explain such a behavior. The ECH of phenol is also feasible at a reasonable rate with composite Pd/Al 2 O 3 (0.25% Pd by weight) powders fabricated by physical vapor deposition because the peripheral distribution of Pd nanoaggregates is favorable towards the ECH.Key words: electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) of phenol, reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC), alumina-based catalyst, agglomeration process, adlineation point, adsorption.
Substantially improved pharmacokinetics of recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase by fusion to human serum albumin (2008)

Both the pharmacokinetic study and the in vitro nerve agent binding and inhibition assay suggested that a fusion protein retaining both properties of huBChE and hSA is produced in vitro and in vivo. The production of the fusion protein in the milk of transgenic goats provided further evidence that sufficient quantities of BChE/hSA can be produced to serve as a cost-effective and reliable source of BChE for prophylaxis and post-exposure treatment.
Production and Characterization ofa Reconstituted High DensityLipoprotein for TherapeuticApplications (1996)

A method is described for the large scale preparation of reconstituted high density lipoproteins (rHDL) suitable for therapeutic use. Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) was isolated from precipitates obtained by cold ethanol fractionation of human plasma. This process includes several steps for virus removal and virus inactivation, among them pasteurization. Reconstitution of lipoprotein particles was performed by cholate dialysis using soybean phosphatidylcholine as the lipid source. An apoA-I:lipid ratio of 1:150 (mol.mol) was obtained. Redissolved rHDLs were disc-shaped particles resembling nascent HDL, as assessed by electron microscopy. The method was optimized for low content of free apoA-I protein as well as the low concentration of free lipid. The product was stabilized by lyophilization in the presence of sucrose. In vitro studies show potential effects in the prevention of gram-negative septic shock and in the inhibition of atherosclerosis.
Light Amplification Using Inverted Core/Shell Nanocrystals:  Towards Lasing in the Single-Exciton Regime (2004)

Size-controlled spectral tunability and chemical flexibility make semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) attractive as nanoscale building blocks for color-selectable optical-gain media. The technological potential of NCs as lasing materials is, however, significantly diminished by highly efficient nonradiative Auger recombination of multiexcitons leading to ultrafast decay of optical gain. Here we explore a novel approach to achieve NC lasing in the Auger-recombination-free regime by using type II NC heterostructures that promote spatial separation of electrons and holes. We show that such hetero-NCs can exhibit strong repulsive exciton−exciton interactions that lead to significantly reduced excited-state absorption associated with NCs containing single electron−hole pairs. This effect leads to reduced optical-gain thresholds and can potentially allow lasing in the single-exciton regime, for which Auger recombination is inactive. We use these novel hetero-NCs to demonstrate efficient amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) that is tunable across a “difficult” range of green and blue colors. The ASE in the blue range has never been previously achieved using traditional NCs with type I carrier localization.
Expression in transgenic plants of a viral gene product that mediates insect transmission of potyviruses. (1989)

Helper component (HC) is a virus-encoded nonstructural protein that is required for transmission of potyviruses by their aphid vectors. As a prelude to studies on the molecular basis of HC activity, a cDNA clone (pPB-3) was constructed that contained the first three cistrons (34 kDa-HC-42 kDa) of the RNA genome of the potyvirus tobacco vein mottling virus, the first six nucleotides of the adjacent cylindrical inclusion body protein cistron, and a synthetic translation termination codon. This construction was introduced into tobacco cells via a Ti plasmid-based vector. Northern blot analysis of transgenic plants demonstrated the presence of an RNA of the size expected from the construction of pPB-3, and Western blot analysis revealed the presence of a protein that comigrated with authentic HC, indicating that the proteolytic activity necessary to produce mature-sized HC was encoded by pPB-3. The HC produced in the transgenic plants was demonstrated to be active in a virus transmission bioassay with aphids.
DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN LYMPHOID CELLS (2005)

The lymphocytes, T, B, and NK cells, and a proportion of dendritic cells (DCs) have a common developmental origin. Lymphocytes develop from hematopoietic stem cells via common lymphocyte and various lineage-restricted precursors. This review discusses the current knowledge of human lymphocyte development and the phenotypes and functions of the rare intermediate populations that together form the pathways of development into T, B, and NK cells and DCs. Clearly, development of hematopoietic cells is supported by cytokines. The studies of patients with genetic deficiencies in cytokine receptors that are discussed here have illuminated the importance of cytokines in lymphoid development. Lineage decisions are under control of transcription factors, and studies performed in the past decade have provided insight into transcriptional control of human lymphoid development, the results of which are summarized and discussed in this review.
Microbiological factors associated with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: protective effect of early antibiotic treatment (2003)

Aim: The incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) strongly increased in an neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in 1997 and 1998 compared with previous years, which coincided with increased incidence of nosocomial sepsis. Specific risk factors related to this NICU and a possible relationship between NEC and nosocomial sepsis were studied retrospectively, including all patients with NEC since 1990 and matched controls. Methods: Clinical and bacteriological data from the period before the development of NEC and a similar period for the controls were collected retrospectively and corrected for birthweight and gestational age. Statistical analysis was performed by a stepwise regression model. Results: Data of 104 neonates with NEC and matched controls were analysed. The median day of onset of NEC was 12 d (range 1–63 d). Significant risk factors for NEC were: insertion of a peripheral artery catheter [odds ratio (OR) 2.3, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.3-3.9] and a central venous catheter (OR 5.6, 95% CI 3.1-10.1), colonization with Klebsiella sp. (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.5-7.5) and Escherichia coli (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.CM1.5), and the occurrence of sepsis, in particular due to coagulase-negative staphylococci (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.4-5.1). The risk for NEC was decreased after the early use (<48h after birth) of amoxicillin-clavulanate and gentamicin (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.6). Conclusion: Insertion of central venous and peripheral arterial catheters is positively associated with NEC, as is colonization with the Gram-negative bacilli Klebsiella and E. coli and the occurrence of sepsis, particularly due to coagulase-negative staphylococci. Early treatment with amoxicillin-clavulanate and gentamicin is negatively associated with NEC and may be protective against NEC.
P19 embryonal carcinoma cells (1993)

P19 cells are a line of pluripotent embryonal carcinoma able to grow continuously in serum-supplemented media. The differentiation of these cells can be controlled by nontoxic drugs. Retinoic acid effectively induces the development of neurons, astroglia and microglia--cell types normally derived from the neuroectoderm. Aggregates of P19 cells exposed to dimethyl sulfoxide differentiate into endodermal and mesodermal derivatives including cardiac and skeletal muscle. P19 cells can be effectively transfected with DNA encoding recombinant genes and stable lines expressing these genes can be readily isolated. These manipulations make P19 cells suitable material for investigating the molecular mechanisms governing developmental decision made by differentiating pluripotent cells.
A Less Resource-Consumed Security Architecture on Cloud Platform (2016)

Traditional security framework in cloud platform usually brings self-vulnerability and considerable additional resource consumption. To solve these problems, we propose an external processes monitoring architecture for current popular cloud platform Open Stack with kernel-based virtual machine(KVM). With this architecture, we can monitor all active processes in online virtual machine(VMs) and scan them for their potential maliciousness in OpenS tack with no agent, and can also detect hidden processes in offline VMs’ memory snapshots and notice the user to decide whether to kill them when VMs become active. Analysis and experimental results show that our architecture is able to reduce consumption of CPU, memory and bandwidth in cloud platform and can detect viruses and hidden processes effectively in VMs.
A DISTRIBUTED ARCHITECTURE FOR COOPERATIVE SPOKEN DIALOGUE AGENTS WITH COHERENT DIALOGUE STATE AND HISTORY (2000)

It has been very difficult to develop spoken dialogue systems with high domain extensibility. Not only the system complexity inevitably increases with the number of topics and domains, but the concurrent topics need to be handled persistently and consistently across different domains. This paper presents a distributed architecture for cooperative spoken dialogue agents with high domain extensibility. Under this architecture, different spoken dialogue agents handling different domains can be developed independently, and cooperate with one another to respond to the user&amp;apos;s requests, while a user interface agent can access the correct spoken dialogue agent through a domain switching protocol, and carry over the dialogue state and history so as to keep the knowledge processed persistently and consistently across different domains. Initial experiments provide very encouraging results. 1. INTRODUCTION In recent years, many spoken dialogue systems have been successfully develop...