gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective Fluorination of Hydroxy Amines and Hydroxy Amino Acids with Sulfur Tetrafluoride in Liquid Hydrogen Fluoride (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective Fluorination of Hydroxy Amines and Hydroxy Amino Acids with Sulfur Tetrafluoride in Liquid Hydrogen FluorideJ Kollonitsch, S Marburg, and Leroy PerkinsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 25, 3808–3809Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1975Publication History Published online29 December 2003Published inissue 1 December 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00913a900https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00913a900research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views272Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Secretory ribonucleases are internalized by a dynamin-independent endocytic pathway (2002)

Cytosolic internalization is a requirement for the toxicity of secretory ribonucleases. Here, we investigate the mechanism of internalization of Onconase (ONC), a toxic protein, and ribonuclease A (RNase A), a nontoxic homolog. Microscopy studies indicate that both ribonucleases readily bind to the cell surface and are internalized via acidic vesicles. Blocking dynamin-dependent endocytosis prevents transferrin internalization but does not hinder RNase A internalization. ONC and G88R RNase A, which is a toxic variant, demonstrate enhanced cytotoxicity in the absence of clathrin- and dynamin-mediated endocytosis. The cytosolic entry of ribonucleases does not require an acidic environment or transport to the ER and probably occurs from endosomes. Thus, common proteins - secretory ribonucleases - enter the cytosol by a pathway that is distinct from that of other known toxins.
Ebusiness examined (2003)

Companies are missing out on the full potential of ebusiness because they are failing to appreciate the implications – and continuing to make the mistakes of traditional systems development, says a new study by the BCS SocioTechnical Group
Synthesis of the aromatic and monosaccharide moieties of staurosporine (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of the aromatic and monosaccharide moieties of staurosporineRichard P. Joyce, James A. Gainor, and Steven M. WeinrebCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 7, 1177–1185Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00383a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00383a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1106Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lymphopenia in interleukin (IL)-7 gene-deleted mice identifies IL-7 as a nonredundant cytokine. (1995)

Interleukin (IL)-7 is a potent stimulus for immature T and B cells and, to a lesser extent, mature T cells. We have inactivated the IL-7 gene in the mouse germline by using gene-targeting techniques to further understand the biology of IL-7. Mutant mice were highly lymphopenic in the peripheral blood and lymphoid organs. Bone marrow B lymphopoiesis was blocked at the transition from pro-B to pre-B cells. Thymic cellularity was reduced 20-fold, but retained normal distribution of CD4 and CD8. Splenic T cellularity was reduced 10-fold. Splenic B cells, also reduced in number, showed an abnormal population of immature B cells in adult animals. The remaining splenic populations of lymphocytes showed normal responsiveness to mitogenic stimuli. These data show that proper T and B cell development is dependent on IL-7. The IL-7-deficient mice are the first example of single cytokine-deficient mice that exhibit severe lymphoid abnormalities.
Cross‐Protection against H5N1 Influenza Virus Infection Is Afforded by Intranasal Inoculation with Seasonal Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine (2007)

Intranasal inoculation with annual influenza vaccine plus the Toll-like receptor-3 agonist, poly(I):poly(C(12)U), may overcome the problem of a limited supply of H5N1 virus vaccine by providing cross-protective mucosal immunity against H5N1 viruses with pandemic potential.
Strategies to prevent motoneuron degeneration in models of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. (2006)

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder, characterised by progressive motoneuron degeneration in the spinal cord, motor cortex and brainstem. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying selective motoneuron degeneration are unclear and currently there is no effective treatment. In this Thesis, strategies designed to prevent motoneuron degeneration are investigated in both in vivo and in vitro models of ALS. Furthermore, interaction between motoneurons and astrocytes is studied to examine the influence of astrocytes on disease progression. In the SODlG93A mouse model of ALS, the glial cell genotype influences the susceptibility of motoneurons to degeneration (Gong et al., 2000 Clement et al., 2003). In this Thesis, the effect of mutant SOD1 expression in astrocytes on motoneuron properties is examined in an in vitro co-culture system using confocal microscopy. Cannabinoids exert anti-excitotoxic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant actions, all of which may contribute to ALS pathogenesis. In these experiments, the potential neuroprotective effect of manipulating the endocannabinoid system is investigated in vivo in SODl093* mice. Augmentation of the endocannabinoid system, by pharmacological and genetic manipulation, ameliorates disease symptoms in SOD1 mice. Furthermore, genetic ablation of the CBi receptor significantly extends lifespan in SOD 1093A mice. Finally, the effect of ablating the expression of mutant SOD1 protein in vitro in primary motoneurons using viral delivery of targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA) is assessed. The successful transfection and ablation of the mutant protein in vitro, as shown in this Thesis, has since been tested successfully in vivo. The results of this Thesis show that manipulation of the endocannabinoid system and siRNA technology may be successful therapeutic approaches in ALS. The results also indicate that mutant SOD1 expression in astrocytes has a deleterious influence on mitochondrial function in motoneurons even under resting conditions. Therefore, specific targeting of astrocytes may also be an appropriate strategy to prevent motoneuron degeneration in ALS.
Advanced multiplexed analysis with the FlowMetrix system. (1997)

The FlowMetrix System is a multiplexed data acquisition and analysis platform for flow cytometric analysis of microsphere-based assays that performs simultaneous measurement of up to 64 different analytes. The system consists of 64 distinct sets of fluorescent microspheres and a standard benchtop flow cytometer interfaced with a personal computer containing a digital signal processing board and Windows95-based software. Individual sets of microspheres can be modified with reactive components such as antigens, antibodies, or oligonucleotides, and then mixed to form a multiplexed assay set. The digital signal-processing hardware and Windows95-based software provide complete control of the flow cytometer and perform real-time data processing, allowing multiple independent reactions to be analyzed simultaneously. The system has been used to perform qualitative and quantitative immunoassays for multiple serum proteins in both capture and competitive inhibition assay formats. The system has also been used to perform DNA sequence analysis by multiplexed competitive hybridization with 16 different sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes.
Fragment binding to the Nsp3 macrodomain of SARS-CoV-2 identified through crystallographic screening and computational docking (2021)

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) macrodomain within the nonstructural protein 3 counteracts host-mediated antiviral adenosine diphosphate-ribosylation signaling. This enzyme is a promising antiviral target because catalytic mutations render viruses nonpathogenic. Here, we report a massive crystallographic screening and computational docking effort, identifying new chemical matter primarily targeting the active site of the macrodomain. Crystallographic screening of 2533 diverse fragments resulted in 214 unique macrodomain-binders. An additional 60 molecules were selected from docking more than 20 million fragments, of which 20 were crystallographically confirmed. X-ray data collection to ultra-high resolution and at physiological temperature enabled assessment of the conformational heterogeneity around the active site. Several fragment hits were confirmed by solution binding using three biophysical techniques (differential scanning fluorimetry, homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence, and isothermal titration calorimetry). The 234 fragment structures explore a wide range of chemotypes and provide starting points for development of potent SARS-CoV-2 macrodomain inhibitors.
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning. (2015)

In this systematic overview we categorised the efficacy for six interventions, based on information about the effectiveness and safety of activated charcoal (single or multiple dose), gastric lavage, haemodialysis, liver transplant, methionine, and acetylcysteine.
Phase III Comparison of Two Irinotecan Dosing Regimens in Second-Line Therapy of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2003)

Irinotecan schedules of weekly and of once every 3 weeks demonstrated similar efficacy and quality of life in patients with FU-refractory, metastatic colorectal cancer. The regimen of once every 3 weeks was associated with a significantly lower incidence of severe diarrhea.
Segmentation and histogram generation using the HSV color space for image retrieval (2003)

We have analyzed the properties of the HSV (hue, saturation and value) color space with emphasis on the visual perception of the variation in hue, saturation and intensity values of an image pixel. We extract pixel features by either choosing the hue or the intensity as the dominant property based on the saturation value of a pixel. The feature extraction method has been applied for both image segmentation as well as histogram generation applications - two distinct approaches to content based image retrieval (CBIR). Segmentation using this method shows better identification of objects in an image. The histogram retains a uniform color transition that enables us to do a window-based smoothing during retrieval. The results have been compared with those generated using the RGB color space.
Technology of Production of Edible Flours and Protein Products from Soybeans (1992)

Technology of production of edible flours and protein products from soybeans , Technology of production of edible flours and protein products from soybeans , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Dynamic service discovery and management in task computing (2004)

Task computing ([R. Masuoka et al., (2003)]) enables a user to compose and execute complex tasks in application-, device- and service-rich environments. Task computing is possible through the availability of semantically described services that, can be composed on-the-fly by end-users into executable tasks. Through the use of a task computing client, users can not only compose tasks from available semantically described services, but discover, create, manage and manipulate services as well. The focus of this paper is the technologies used for dynamic service discovery, and creation, management and manipulation of semantically described services.
Obesity and Asthma: An Inflammatory Disease of Adipose Tissue Not the Airway (2012)

Obesity is associated with increased markers of inflammation in serum and adipose tissue, and yet decreased airway inflammation in obese people with asthma; these patterns reverse with bariatric surgery. Leptin and other adipokines may be important mediators of airway disease in obesity through direct effects on the airway rather than by enhancing airway inflammation.
One‐Pot Fabrication of High‐Quality InP/ZnS (Core/Shell) Quantum Dots and Their Application to Cellular Imaging (2009)

True colors: High-quality InP and InP/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) are obtained by means of a simple one-pot method in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG). Rapid and size-controlled reactions lead to highly crystalline and nearly monodisperse QDs at relatively low temperatures. The particles emit from cyan blue to far-red, and are successfully used in cellular imaging (see figure).
Functional and Structural Recovery of the Retina after Gene Therapy in the RPE65 Null Mutation Dog (2003)

In 10 of 11 treated RPE65(-/-) eyes, gene transfer resulted in development of vision, both subjectively apparent by loss of nystagmus, and objectively recorded by ERG. Structurally, there was reversal of lipid droplet accumulation in the RPE. Uveitis developed in 75% of the transgene-treated eyes, a complication possibly due to an immunopathogenic response to the RPE65 molecule.
Adopting a competition law in China (2003)

Competition law in China is a developing subject. As part of the government's policy of restructuring the planned economy of the past into a ‘socialist market’ economy, a mechanism to obtain an efficient allocation of economic goods is a key policy goal. At present a patchwork of laws and regulations seeks to prevent the most damaging anti-competitive activities found in the transitional economy, but a strong theoretical foundation for the competitive mechanism is currently lacking, as is a comprehensive legal code to set market rules.
Subclassified Acutely Dissociated Cells of Rat DRG: Histochemistry and Patterns of Capsaicin-, Proton-, and ATP-Activated Currents (2000)

We used a "current signature" method to subclassify acutely dissociated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells into nine subgroups. Cells subclassified by current signature had uniform properties. The type 1 cell had moderate capsaicin sensitivity (25.9 pA/pF), powerful, slowly desensitizing (tau = 2,300 ms), ATP-activated current (13.3 pA/pF), and small nondesensitizing responses to acidic solutions (5.6 pA/pF). Type 1 cells expressed calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity (CGRP-IR), manifested a wide action potential (7.3 ms), long duration afterhyperpolarization (57.0 ms), and were IB4 positive. The type 2 cell exhibited large capsaicin activated currents (134.9 pA/pF) but weak nondesensitizing responses to protons (15.3 pA/pF). Currents activated by ATP and alphabeta-m-ATP (51.7 and 44.6 pA/pF, respectively) had fast desensitization kinetics (tau = 214 ms) that were distinct from all other cell types. Type 2 cells were IB4 positive but did not contain either substance P (SP) or CGRP-IR. Similar to capsaicin-sensitive nociceptors in vivo, the afterhyperpolarization of the type 2 cell was prolonged (54.7 ms). The type 3 cell expressed, amiloride-sensitive, rapidly desensitizing (tau = 683 ms) proton-activated currents (127.0 pA/pF), and was insensitive to ATP or capsaicin. The type 3 cell was IB4 negative and contained neither CGRP nor SP-IR. The afterhyperpolarization (17.5 ms) suggested nonnociceptive function. The type 4 cell had powerful ATP-activated currents (17.4 pA/pF) with slow desensitization kinetics (tau = 2, 813 ms). The afterhyperpolarization was prolonged (46.5 ms), suggesting that this cell type might belong to a capsaicin-insensitive nociceptor population. The type 4 cell did not contain peptides. The type 7 cell manifested amiloride-sensitive, proton-activated currents (45.8 pA/pF) with very fast desensitization kinetics (tau = 255 ms) and was further distinct from the type 3 cell by virtue of a nondesensitizing amiloride-insensitive component (6.0 pA/pF). Capsaicin and ATP sensitivity were relatively weak (4.3 and 2.9 pA/pF, respectively). Type 7 cells were IB4 positive and contained both SP and CGRP-IR. They exhibited an exceptionally long afterhyperpolarization (110 ms) that was suggestive of a silent (mechanically insensitive) nociceptor. We concluded that presorting of DRG cells by current signatures separated them into internally homogenous subpopulations that were distinct from other subclassified cell types.
Left-Right Dynein Motor Implicated in Selective Chromatid Segregation in Mouse Cells (2007)

During cell division, copies of mouse chromosome 7 are segregated selectively or randomly to daughter cells depending on the cell type. The mechanism for differential segregation is unknown. Because mouse left-right dynein (LRD) gene mutations result in randomization of visceral organs' laterality, we hypothesized that LRD may also function in selective chromatid segregation. Indeed, upon knock-down by RNA interference methods, LRD depletion disrupts biased segregation. LRD messenger RNA presence or absence correlates with the observed segregation patterns. This work supports the claim that LRD functions in a mechanism for selective chromatid segregation.
Moving Receptor Redirected Adoptive Cell Therapy Toward Fine Tuning of Antitumor Responses (2014)

Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) is emerging as a powerful modality of cancer treatment. While ACT has proved able to induce massive clinical responses, genetic modification of T lymphocytes further improved clinical responses obtained. One of the major current limitations of ACT is the inability to discern healthy from malignant cells, leading to on target/off tumor responses that can limit its application. We here discuss some of the approaches currently under development and potential solutions to circumvent these limitations and extend this potentially curative therapy to different tumors by targeting a variety of antigens.
Loss of Clumping Factor B Fibrinogen Binding Activity byStaphylococcus aureus Involves Cessation of Transcription, Shedding and Cleavage by Metalloprotease (2001)

The fibrinogen-binding protein clumping factor B (ClfB) of Staphylococcus aureus is present on the surface of cells from the early exponential phase of growth in greater amounts than on cells from late exponential phase and is barely detectable on cells from stationary phase. Expression of a clfB-lacZ fusion indicated that transcription stopped before the end of exponential phase. Mutations in the global regulators agr and sar had no effect on clfB transcription. The loss of ClfB protein from cells in stationary phase was due to expression ending before cells stopped growing, combined with shedding of some of the protein into the growth medium and dilution of those molecules remaining on the cell surface during the two to three cell division events leading to stationary phase. Two forms of the protein occurred on the cell surface, the smaller of which was generated by loss of a domain from the N terminus. The proportion of the smaller form increased as the cultures grew. The metalloprotease aureolysin was shown to be responsible for cleavage of ClfB. Cleavage was inhibited by EDTA and o-phenanthroline and did not occur in an aureolysin-deficient mutant. Purified aureolysin promoted cleavage of cell surface-located ClfB as well as the recombinant A domain of ClfB. Cleavage was detected at two sites, one located between residues Ser(197) and Leu(198) and the other between Ala(199) and Val(200). The truncated form of ClfB did not bind fibrinogen.
An NCAM‐derived FGF‐receptor agonist, the FGL‐peptide, induces neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival in primary rat neurons (2004)

The Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM) plays a crucial role in development of the central nervous system regulating cell migration, differentiation and synaptogenesis. NCAM mediates cell-cell adhesion through homophilic NCAM binding, subsequently resulting in activation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR). NCAM-mediated adhesion leads to activation of various intracellular signal transduction pathways, including the Ras-mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathways. A synthetic peptide derived from the second fibronectin type III module of NCAM, the FGL peptide, binds to and induces phosphorylation of FGFR without prior homophilic NCAM binding. We here present evidence that this peptide is able to mimic NCAM heterophilic binding to the FGFR by inducing neuronal differentiation as reflected by neurite outgrowth through a direct interaction with FGFR in primary cultures of three different neuronal cell types all expressing FGFR subtype 1: dopaminergic, hippocampal and cerebellar granule neurons. Moreover, we show that the FGL peptide promotes neuronal survival upon induction of cell death in the same three cell types. The effects of the FGL peptide are shown to depend on activation of FGFR and the MAPK and PI3K intracellular signalling pathways, all three kinases being necessary for the effects of FGL on neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival.