gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theory and Application of Cyclic Voltammetry for Measurement of Electrode Reaction Kinetics. (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTheory and Application of Cyclic Voltammetry for Measurement of Electrode Reaction Kinetics.R. S. NicholsonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1965, 37, 11, 1351–1355Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60230a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60230a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views38987Altmetric-Citations2706LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sonic Hedgehog Promotes Rod Photoreceptor Differentiation in Mammalian Retinal CellsIn Vitro (1997)

The hedgehog gene family encodes secreted proteins important in many developmental patterning events in both vertebrates and invertebrates. In the Drosophila eye disk, hedgehog controls the progression of photoreceptor differentiation in the morphogenetic furrow. To investigate whether hedgehog proteins are also involved in the development of the vertebrate retina at stages of photoreceptor differentiation, we analyzed expression of the three known vertebrate hedgehog genes. We found that Sonic hedgehog and Desert hedgehog are expressed in the developing retina, albeit at very low levels, whereas Indian hedgehog (Ihh) is expressed in the developing and mature retinal pigmented epithelium, beginning at embryonic day 13. To determine whether hedgehog proteins have activities on developing retinal cells, we used an in vitro system in which much of retinal histogenesis is recapitulated. N-terminal recombinant Sonic Hedgehog protein (SHH-N) was added to rat retinal cultures for 3-12 d, and the numbers of retinal cells of various phenotypes were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. We found that SHH-N caused a transient increase in the number of retinal progenitor cells, and a 2- to 10-fold increase in the number of photoreceptors differentiating in the cultures when analyzed with three different photoreceptor-specific antigens. In contrast, the numbers of retinal ganglion cells and amacrine cells were similar to those in control cultures. These results show that Hedgehog proteins can regulate mitogenesis and photoreceptor differentiation in the vertebrate retina, and Ihh is a candidate factor from the pigmented epithelium to promote retinal progenitor proliferation and photoreceptor differentiation.
Cell proliferation in the human mammary epithelium. Differential contribution by epithelial and myoepithelial cells. (1986)

The ductal system of the human breast consists of epithelial, myoepithelial, and basal clear cells. By labeling ducts and alveoli dissected from reduction mammoplasty specimens with 3H-thymidine in vitro and labeling human breast organoids xenografted in nude mice in vivo, it was found that cellular proliferation in the human breast is virtually confined to epithelial and basal clear cells. A pulse label of 3H-thymidine in organ culture explants was followed over a period of time, and it was found that myoepithelial cells originate from a precursor cell population within the mammary epithelium after a number of cell divisions. Myoepithelial cells were not seen to divide when fully mature.
Development of 2D Microdisplay Using an Integrated Microresonating Waveguide Scanning System (2011)

Our research team has developed a 2D micro image display device that can potentially overcome the size reduction limits while maintaining the high-image resolution and field of view obtained by mirror-based display systems. The basic design of the optical scanner includes a microfabricated SU-8 cantilever waveguide that is electromechanically deflected by a piezoelectric actuator. From the distal tip of the cantilever waveguide, a light beam is emitted and the direction of propagation is displaced along two orthogonal directions. The waveforms for the actuator and the LED light modulation are generated and controlled using a field programmable gate array. Our recent study is an update to the previously-reported mechanical scanner, replacing the hand-built PZT scanner and fiber waveguide with a microfabricated system incorporating aerosol-deposited PZT thin film and a polymeric SU-8 wave guide. In this article, we report on the design and fabrication of a prototype miniaturized 2D scanner, discuss optical and mechanical the modeling of the system's properties and present the experimental results.
An Angle Criterion for Conical Mesh Vertices (2007)

A vertex in a mesh surface with planar faces may have the property that offsetting all the face planes incident with the vertex by a constant distance leads to planes which intersect again in a common point. This is equivalent to the property that the planes, consistently oriented via the connectivity of the mesh, are tangent to an oriented cone of revolution. We show that for vertices of valence 4, this conical property is characterized in terms of the interior angles of the faces adjacent to the vertex: The two sums of opposite angles are equal. For a convex vertex this angle criterion follows directly from known results in spherical geometry concerning convex spherical quadrilaterals. For other types of vertices, however, the occurrence of non-convex spherical quadrilaterals makes it necessary to exhaustively enumerate and study a number of cases. The present short note resolves this combinatorial difficulty and proves that all conical vertices are characterized by this same angle criterion. This result is especially relevant in the context of modeling with conical meshes.
Integration of Fracture Data into 3D Geomechanical Modeling To Enhance Fractured Reservoirs Characterization (2005)

Abstract Natural fractures have a dramatic impact on reservoirs in terms of oil recovery because they often control the hydraulic flow as conductors (open fractures) or barriers (sealed fractures). However, fracture parameters are poorly constrained by reservoir data, due to the low seismic resolution and to the clustering of 1D data along wells. To enhance flow prediction, we suggest improving the characterization of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs by integrating well data with the history of stresses obtained by three-dimensional structural restoration (3D balanced unfolding). When unfolding a layer, boundary conditions are applied to mesh displacements to unfold the upper horizon and remove the latest brittle and ductile deformation increment. A linear isotropic elastic model governs restoration behavior, accounting for mechanical contrasts in the reservoir. Three-dimensional strains and stresses are derived from these displacements. Orientation of theoretical tectonic fractures is then geomechanically deduced from the principal strain directions. Moreover, the orientations of fractures observed at wells (cores or image logs) provide implicit information on the principal directions of paleo-stress. Considering a given failure criterion, the observed fracture orientation is used to constrain the relative directions of paleo-stress components. Through this original approach, the 3D deformation is calibrated by observed geological data. Therefore, the hybrid geometrical and geomechanical restoration that has been developed accounts for reservoir heterogeneities and is globally constrained by paleo-stresses deduced from fractures observed along wells. This methodology is applied to a real reservoir located in North America and the strains predicted are used to generate 3D Discrete Fracture Networks. The key benefit of this approach, as compared to conventional methods, is to enhance fracture characterization by directly integrating observed fracture data into the geomechanical process.
The combined effect of signal decorrelation and random noise on the variance of time delay estimation (1997)

Tissue motion and elasticity imaging techniques commonly use time delay estimation (TDE) for the assessment of tissue displacement. The performance of these techniques is limited because the signals are corrupted by various factors including electronic noise, quantization, and speckle decorrelation. Speckle decorrelation is caused by changes in the coherent interference among scatterers when the tissue moves relative to the ultrasound beam. In time delay estimation, the effect of noise is usually addressed through the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) term. Decorrelation, often a significant source of error in medical ultrasound, is commonly described in terms of the correlation coefficient. A relationship between the correlation coefficient and the SNR was previously derived in the literature, for identical signals corrupted by uncorrelated random noise. In this paper, we derive the relationship between the peak of the correlation coefficient function and the SNR for two jointly stationary signals when a delay is present between the signals. Recently, an expression for the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) has been derived in the literature for partially decorrelated signals in terms of the SNR and the correlation coefficient. Since the applicability of the CRLB is determined not only by the SNR, but also by the correlation coefficient, it is important to unify the expression for the CRLB for partially correlated signals. In this paper, we derive an expression for the CRLB in term of an equivalent SNR converted from the correlation coefficient using an SNR-p relationship, and show this expression to be equivalent to the expression for CRLB. We also corroborate the validity of the SNR-p expression with a simulation. Using this formulation, correlation measurements can be converted to SNR to obtain a composite SNR. The use of this composite SNR in lieu of those in the CRLB expression in the literature allows the extension of the literature results to the solution of the common TDE problems that involve signal decorrelation.
Mutational studies of human DNA polymerase alpha. Identification of residues critical for deoxynucleotide binding and misinsertion fidelity of DNA synthesis. (1993)

Conserved site-directed mutations were introduced into the second most conserved amino acid region, region II, of the human DNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunit. These mutants were expressed in the baculovirus system and purified to near homogeneity. The mutants had polymerase activity ranging from 4 to 60% compared with the wild type polymerase alpha. Steady-state kinetic analysis of mutants G841A, D860A, D860S, D860N, Y865S, and Y865F demonstrated no significant difference in their Km values for primer-template compared with that of the wild type enzyme. In contrast, mutants D860A, Y865S, and Y865F showed a 5-10-fold increase in the Km for deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) compared with the wild type enzyme. DNA synthetic fidelity studies of these mutants showed that mutant Y865S but not Y865F had a greater than 10-fold higher misinsertion efficiency than the wild type enzyme in Mg(2+)-catalyzed reactions. However, with Mn2+ as the metal activator, Y865S and Y865F demonstrated a 2- and 9-fold higher misinsertion efficiency, respectively. These results indicate that Asp860 and Tyr865 in region II of human DNA polymerase alpha are involved in incoming dNTP substrate binding. Using three deoxynucleotide structural analogs as probes, we show that the nucleotide base is the structural requirement for dNTP binding with Tyr865. Furthermore, abolishing the hydrophobic phenyl ring side chain of Tyr865 by replacing tyrosine with serine rendered the enzyme resistant to aphidicolin. Results of these studies strongly suggest that the phenyl ring of Tyr865 directly interacts with the nucleotide base moiety of the dNTP and plays a critical role in the misinsertion fidelity of DNA synthesis. Although mutation of Gly841 to Ala did not affect the binding of primer-template, it had a significant decrease in kcat, an increase in Km for dNTP, a striking decrease of processivity, and also resistance to aphidicolin. Thus, mutation of this residue, Gly841, which is highly conserved among the alpha-like DNA polymerases, appears to affect both catalysis and substrate deoxynucleotide binding. This suggests that Gly841 is essential for the maintenance of the overall structure of the polymerase alpha catalytic site.
Subclinical Varicella-Zoster Virus Viremia, Herpes Zoster, and T Lymphocyte Immunity to Varicella-Zoster Viral Antigens after Bone Marrow Transplantation (1992)

Bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients were evaluated for subclinical varicella-zoster virus (VZV) viremia and symptoms of herpes zoster after transplantation. Viremia was demonstrated by testing peripheral blood mononuclear cells using polymerase chain reaction and was documented in 19% of 37 patients. When reactivation was defined as herpes zoster and/or subclinical VZV viremia, 41% of VZV-seropositive BMT recipients experienced VZV reactivation. None of 12 patients tested before VZV reactivation had T lymphocyte proliferation to VZV antigen (mean stimulation index, 1.0 +/- 0.42 [SD] at less than 100 days; 12.0 +/- 6.03 at greater than 100 days [P = .003]). Among patients tested at greater than 100 days, 5 (63%) of 8 with detectable T cell proliferation had subclinical or clinical VZV reactivation compared with none of 6 who lacked VZV T cell responses. Recovery of VZV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte function was observed in 50% of BMT patients, but BMT recipients had significantly fewer circulating cytotoxic T lymphocytes that recognized VZV immediate early protein (P = .03) or glycoprotein I (P = .004) than did healthy VZV immune subjects. In vivo reexposure to VZV antigens due to subclinical VZV viremia or symptomatic VZV reactivation may explain the recovery of virus-specific T cell immunity after BMT.
Differential sensitivity of CD34 epitopes to cleavage by Pasteurella haemolytica glycoprotease: implications for purification of CD34-positive progenitor cells. (1992)

Our previous studies have shown that a unique glycoprotease from Pasteurella haemolytica specifically cleaves only proteins containing sialylated O-linked glycans. The hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen, CD34, which is heavily glycosylated with both N- and O-linked glycans, is readily cleaved by this protease. In this study, we demonstrate that the epitopes detected by five of the seven CD34 monoclonal antibodies are removed by the glycoprotease. The differential sensitivity of the CD34 epitopes to cleavage with either neuraminidase and/or glycoprotease establishes three classes of epitopes: 1) (class I) those identified by MY10, B1.3C5, 12.8, and ICH3 that are differentially affected by neuraminidase and removed by the glycoprotease; 2) (class II) the epitope detected by QBEND 10 that is removed only by the glycoprotease; and 3) (class III) those identified by TUK3 and 115.2 that are not removed by either enzyme. Cleavage of the 110-kd CD34 structure by the glycoprotease generates a major cell-bound fragment of about 75 kd, identified by the class III antibodies. We have also used the enzyme to improve the rapid recovery of CD34+ cells selected by immunomagnetic affinity techniques. In a preclinical model, we separated CD34+ KG1 cells with high yield (90%-95%) and high purity (94%-98%) from sham mixtures containing 50% CD34- cells. We also separated CD34+ blast cells from a patient in megakaryoblastic crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia. In this case, the purity and yield were 93% and 94%, respectively. Enzyme treatment had no detrimental effect on cell viability, and the treated cells showed a normal quantitative expression and distribution of CD34 antigen as assessed with class III antibodies. We conclude that the P. haemolytica glycoprotease has potential to improve the isolation, from human bone marrow, of primitive hematopoietic cells that carry the CD34 antigen.
Evidence for Heterotypic Interaction between the Receptor Tyrosine Kinases TIE-1 and TIE-2 (2000)

The orphan receptor tyrosine kinase Tie-1 is expressed in endothelial cells and is essential for vascular development. Nothing is known about the signaling pathways utilized by this receptor. In this study we have used chimeric receptors composed of the TrkA ectodomain fused to the transmembrane and intracellular domains of Tie-1, or the related receptor Tie-2, to examine Tie-1 signaling capacity. In contrast to TrkA/Tie-2, the Tie-1 chimera was unable to phosphorylate cellular proteins or undergo autophosphorylation. Consistent with this Tie-1 exhibited negligible kinase activity. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis revealed Tie-1 was present in endothelial cells bound to Tie-2. Full-length Tie-1 and truncated receptor, formed by regulated endoproteolytic cleavage, were found to complex with Tie-2. Association was mediated by the intracellular domains of the receptors and did not require Tie-1 to be membrane-localized. Tie-1 bound to Tie-2 was not tyrosine-phosphorylated under basal conditions or following Tie-2 stimulation. This study provides the first evidence for the existence of a pre-formed complex of Tie-1 and Tie-2 in endothelial cells. The data suggest Tie-1 does not signal via ligand-induced kinase activation involving homo-oligomerization. The physical association between Tie-1 and Tie-2 is consistent with Tie-1 having a role in modulating Tie-2 signaling.
Characterization of a Novel Monoclonal Antibody with Restricted Specificity to the Free β 2 Integrin α M CD11b Subunit (2007)

Leukocyte cell surface expression and function of beta2 integrins require the intracellular association of alpha subunits, CD11a, b, c, d, respectively, with the common CD18 beta2 subunit. We have raised and characterized a murine MAb -- ME-MDF -- directed against the low affinity form of the human integrin alphaM subunit CD11b A-domain. MAb ME-MDF is an IgG2a that has a kDa of 2,45461 +/- 0.12 x 10(-9) M. MAb ME-MDF recognizes both the low and high affinity forms of the CD11b A-domain. Flow cytometry showed that ME-MDF does not recognize the heterodimeric CD11b/CD18 molecule at the surface of polymorphonuclear cells and the human monoblast cell line U937. Western blot analysis of U937 cell line cell surface proteins demonstrated that ME-MDF reacts specifically with the CD11b subunit but does not react with the heterodimeric CD11b/CD18 complex, a feature that differentiates it from other CD11b A-dom-specific MAbs. These observations suggest that ME-MDF recognizes an epitope that is involved in the association of the two subunits and hence is not accessible within the heterodimeric form of the CD11b/CD18 molecule. These data show that the CD11b A-dom engages not only the MIDAS but also the ME-MDF-specific epitope to associate with the CD18 subunit. We have also constructed, and expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris, the corresponding recombinant scFv form of MAb ME-MDF and characterized the CDRs. MAb ME-MDF is characterized by short VH and VL CDR3. MAb ME-MDF and/or its recombinant scFv form would be very useful to study the structural basis of the association between the alpha and beta2 integrin subunits and to investigate the possibility of modulating CR3 cell surface expression by preventing subunit association.
Thermodynamic properties for the dissociation of bisulfate ion and the partial molal heat capacities of bisulfuric acid and sodium bisulfate over an extended temperature range (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermodynamic properties for the dissociation of bisulfate ion and the partial molal heat capacities of bisulfuric acid and sodium bisulfate over an extended temperature rangeJ. M. Readnour and J. W. CobbleCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1969, 8, 10, 2174–2182Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50080a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50080a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views183Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Forward Error Correction (FEC) Framework (2011)

This document describes a framework for using Forward Error Correction
(FEC) codes with applications in public and private IP networks to
provide protection against packet loss. The framework supports
applying FEC to arbitrary packet flows over unreliable transport and
is primarily intended for real-time, or streaming, media. This
framework can be used to define Content Delivery Protocols that
provide FEC for streaming media delivery or other packet flows.
Content Delivery Protocols defined using this framework can support
any FEC scheme (and associated FEC codes) which is compliant with
various requirements defined in this document. Thus, Content Delivery
Protocols can be defined which are not specific to a particular FEC
scheme, and FEC schemes can be defined which are not specific to a
particular Content Delivery Protocol.
Ion sources for nanofabrication and high resolution lithography (2002)

Ion sources that are used to produce nanometer resolution patterns directly on the substrate are either point sources or volume plasma sources. The point sources are used in focused ion beam systems which focus an image of the point on the sample. These sources are, in practice gallium liquid metal. Other sources, such as gas field ion sources, are also being considered. Volume plasma sources are used with ion projection, where instead of the image of a point source, the image of a "back illuminated" stencil mask is projected on the substrate. The operation, application, and characteristics of the three types of sources are reviewed and compared.