gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic Analysis of the Chicken Thymic Microenvironment DuringOntogenic Development (1992)

The development of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) reactive with the thymic microenvironment has identified distinct subpopulations within the stromal component, but the function of these subregions in intrathymic T-cell differentiation remains essentially an enigma. In this study, we have used such a panel of mAb to examine the chicken thymus during ontogenic development to gain insight into the contributions of these thymic regions to the distinct phases of T-cell development and to further characterize the development of this organ. Our reagents have demonstrated the complex differentiation of the primitive endodermal epithelium into more specialized structures and the development of other thymic stromal components from mesectodermal cells. We also describe molecules localized to the subcapsular and perivascular regions, which have an ontogenic expression corresponding to the early localization and stimulation of thymic precursors and another molecule on the medullary vasculature expressed corresponding to the exit of mature cells from the thymus. In addition, two markers of distinct medullary epithelial clusters are initially expressed corresponding to the appearance of T-cell receptor-1 (TcR-1) and TcR-2 positive cells in the medulla, respectively. These mAb potentially represent excellent reagents for further definition of the thymic modulation of T-cell differentiation.
The deoxyxylulose phosphate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis. Discovery and function of the ispDEFGH genes and their cognate enzymes (2003)

Abstract Isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) serve as the universal precursors for the biosynthesis of terpenes. Besides the well-known mevalonate pathway, a second biosynthetic pathway conducive to IPP and DMAPP via 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate and 2 C -methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate has been discovered recently in plants and certain eubacteria. 2 C -Methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate, the first committed intermediate of the deoxyxylulose phosphate pathway, is converted into 2 C -methyl-d-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate by the catalytic action of three enzymes specified by the ispDEF genes. The cyclic diphosphate is reductively opened by the IspG protein affording 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-( E )-butenyl-4-diphosphate. This compound can be converted into IPP as well as DMAPP by the catalytic action of IspH protein. The enzymes of this pathway are potential targets for novel antibacterial, antimalarial, and herbicide agents.
Effects of ischemia on left ventricular regional function in the conscious dog (1981)

Three-dimensional regional geometry of the left ventricle was assessed in seven conscious trained dogs chronically implanted with pulse-transit ultrasonic-dimension transducers. Minor and major axis segment lengths and wall thickness were measured in the distribution of the left anterior descending coronary artery; transmural pressure (TMP) was measured with high-fidelity micromanometers. Data were recorded during the control state and following 30 s and 30 min of ischemia. Dimensions were normalized as a fractional extension from the length at zero TMP (Lo). Dynamic cube mass was calculated and remained constant throughout the cardiac cycle in both control and ischemic states, although the calculated mass decreased by an average of 5% during ischemia. The slope constants of the exponential diastolic pressure-dimension relationship increased following acute coronary occlusion indicating increases in regional myocardial stiffness with increasing periods of ischemia. Coronary occlusion also was associated with an increase in the Lo measurements in the major and minor axis dimensions and a decrease in the wall thickness Lo. These findings are consistent with an ischemia-induced plastic deformation of the regional myocardium defined as creep. Thus, acute ischemia results in a decline of regional systolic function, induces myocardial creep, and causes an immediate and sustained increase in regional myocardial stiffness.
Marine natural products (1994)

D. J. Faulkner, Nat. Prod. Rep., 1994, 11, 355 DOI: 10.1039/NP9941100355
High-Throughput Biotinylation of Proteins (2008)

One of the more useful tags for a protein in biochemical experiments is biotin, because of its femtomolar dissociation constant with streptavidin or avidin. Robust methodologies have been developed for other the in vivo addition of a single biotin to recombinant protein or the in vitro enzymatic or chemical addition of biotin to a protein. Such modified proteins can be used in a variety of experiments, such as affinity selection of phage-displayed peptides or antibodies, pull-down of interacting proteins from cell lysates, or displaying proteins on arrays. We present three complementary approaches for biotinylating proteins in vivo in Escherichia coli or in vitro using chemical or enzymatical reactions all of which can be scaled up to tag large numbers of proteins in parallel.
Resource allocation schemes for non-real-time bursty traffic in wireless ATM networks (2002)

For multimedia transport over the shared radio channel, best-effort service for non-real-time unit-oriented traffic would be necessary as well as a guaranteed service for real-time rate oriented traffic. This paper presents resource allocation algorithms to provide best-effort service for message traffic, whose characteristics is non-real-time and bursty. The objective of resource allocation algorithms is to utilize the shared radio resources among the message traffic for high and fair provision of throughput and efficient use of the resources without any QoS guarantee. Simulation results show that exploiting the information on the message size in the resource allocation stage brings a good improvement in the throughput performance.
Using profile information to assist classic code optimizations (1991)

Abstract This paper describes the design and implementation of an optimizing compiler that automatically generates profile information to assist classic code optimizations. This compiler contains two new components, an execution profiler and a profile‐based code optimizer, which are not commonly found in traditional optimizing compilers. The execution profiler inserts probes into the input program, executes the input program for several inputs, accumulates profile information and supplies this information to the optimizer. The profile‐based code optimizer uses the profile information to expose new optimization opportunities that are not visible to traditional global optimization methods. Experimental results show that the profile‐based code optimizer significantly improves the performance of production C programs that have already been optimized by a high‐quality global code optimizer.
Hot-Electron Spectroscopy of GaAs (1985)

We report a new technique that enabled us to measure nonequilibrium carrier transport in GaAs. Hot electrons were injected into ${n}^{+}$-GaAs with an excess energy of 0.25 eV above the conduction-band edge. The effect of scattering on the injected electrons was observed by use of a planar doped barrier as a "hot-electron spectrometer." The measured spectra indicated that significant scattering occurred and that mean free paths were on the order of a few hundred angstroms.
Beyond Monoamines: Glutamatergic Function in Mood Disorders (2005)

The monoamine theory has implicated abnormalities in serotonin and norepinephrine in the pathophysiology of major depression and bipolar illness and contributed greatly to our understanding of mood disorders and their treatment. Nevertheless, some limitations of this model still exist that require researchers and clinicians to seek further explanation and develop novel interventions that reach beyond the confines of the monoaminergic systems. Recent studies have provided strong evidence that glutamate and other amino acid neurotransmitters are involved in the pathophysiology and treatment of mood disorders. Studies employing in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy have revealed altered cortical glutamate levels in depressed subjects. Consistent with a model of excessive glutamate-induced excitation in mood disorders, several antiglutamatergic agents, such as riluzole and lamotrigine, have demonstrated potential antidepressant efficacy. Glial cell abnormalities commonly associated with mood disorders may at least partly account for the impairment in glutamate action since glial cells play a primary role in synaptic glutamate removal. A hypothetical model of altered glutamatergic function in mood disorders is proposed in conjunction with potential antidepressant mechanisms of antiglutamatergic agents. Further studies elucidating the role of the glutamatergic system in the pathophysiology of mood and anxiety disorders and studies exploring the efficacy and mechanism of action of antiglutamatergic agents in these disorders, are likely to provide new targets for the development of novel antidepressant agents.
A novel k-mer mixture logistic regression for methylation susceptibility modeling of CpG dinucleotides in human gene promoters (2012)

The significance of these results is three fold: 1) this is the first report to indicate that CpG methylation susceptible "segments" exist; 2) our model demonstrates the significance of certain k-mers for the mixture model, potentially highlighting DNA sequence features (k-mers) of differentially methylated, promoter CpG island sequences across different tissue types; 3) as only 3 or 4 bp patterns had previously been used for modeling DNA methylation susceptibility, ours is the first demonstration that 6-mer modeling can be performed without loss of accuracy.
The Type of Dietary Fat Modulates Intestinal Tight Junction Integrity, Gut Permeability, and Hepatic Toll‐Like Receptor Expression in a Mouse Model of Alcoholic Liver Disease (2011)

Dietary fat is an important cofactor in alcohol-associated liver injury. We demonstrate that USF (corn oil/linoleic acid) by itself results in dysregulation of intestinal TJ integrity leading to increased gut permeability, and alcohol further exacerbates these alterations. We postulate that elevated blood endotoxin levels in response to USF and alcohol in conjunction with up-regulation of hepatic TLRs combine to cause hepatic injury in ALD.
Pulsed Plasma Actuators for Separation Flow Control (2006)

An experimental investigation of separation control using steady and pulsed plasma actuators was carried out on an Eppler E338 airfoil at typical micro air vehicle Reynolds numbers (20,000≤Re≤140,000). Pulsing was achieved by modulating the high frequency plasma excitation voltage. The actuators were calibrated directly using a laser doppler anemometer, with and without free-stream velocity, and this allowed the quantification of both steady and unsteady momentum introduced into the flow. At conventional low Reynolds numbers (Re>100,000) asymmetric single phase plasma actuators can have a detrimental effect on airfoil performance due to the introduction of low momentum fluid into the boundary layer. The effect of actuation, particularly at F + ≈1, became more effective with decreasing Reynolds number resulting in significant improvements in Cl,max. This was attributed to the increasing momentum coefficient, which increased as a consequence of the decreasing free-stream velocities. Particularly low duty cycles of 3% were sufficient for effective separation control, corresponding to power inputs on the order of 500 milliwatts per meter actuator length.
Erythropoiesis and globin switching in compound Klf1::Bcl11a mutant mice (2013)

Key Points Our data support an important role for the KLF1-BCL11A axis in erythroid maturation and hemoglobin switching. In adults, gamma-globin levels decline in Bcl11a and Klf1::Bcl11a mutants, suggesting an additional layer of gamma-globin silencing.
Yeast mutant defective in phosphatidylserine synthesis. (1980)

Phospholipid biosynthesis in a mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (cho1) which lacks phosphatidylserine (Atkinson, K. D., Jensen, B., Storm, E., Kolat, A. I., Henry, S. A. & Fogel, S. (1980) J. Bacteriol. 141, 558-564) has been examined. The ability of cells of this strain to synthesize phosphatidylserine in vitro in a cell-free system is reduced at least 10-fold, whereas other phospholipid-synthesizing activities are present at normal or slightly elevated levels. While all phospholipid biosynthetic activities, except phosphatidylserine synthesis, can be demonstrated in vitro in the cho1 mutant, the entire pattern of phospholipid synthesis, accumulation, and turnover in vivo is distorted. Phosphatidylinositol synthesis is elevated, as is phosphatidylcholine synthesis. In addition, the turnover of phosphatidylcholine is more rapid in the cho1 mutant. The cho1 mutant appears to use almost exclusively the alternative pathway described by Kennedy and Weiss (1956) J. Biol. Chem. 222, 193-214) for the production of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine, bypassing phosphatidylserine as an intermediate.
An Enzyme-Generated Fragment of Tau Measured in Serum Shows an Inverse Correlation to Cognitive Function (2013)

Based on the hypothesis that tau is cleaved proteolytically and then released into the blood, we here provide evidence for the presence of an ADAM10-generated tau fragment (Tau-A) in serum. In addition, the levels of Tau-A showed an inverse correlation to cognitive function, which could indicate that this marker is a serum marker with pathological relevance for AD.
Interaction of thiostrepton with an RNA fragment derived from the plastid-encoded ribosomal RNA of the malaria parasite. (1997)

Although eukaryotes are not generally sensitive to thiostrepton, growth of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is severely inhibited by the drug. The proposed target in P. falciparum is the ribosome of the plastid-like organelle (35 kb circular genome) of unknown function. Positive identification of the drug target would confirm that the organelle is essential for blood-stage development of Plasmodium and help clarify the plastid's biological role. The action of thiostrepton as an antibiotic relates to its affinity for a conserved domain of eubacterial rRNA. Its effect on organelles is unknown. Because a number of different point mutations within the Escherichia coli domain abrogates thiostrepton binding, extensive sequence differences between eubacterial and plastid domains brings into question the site of drug action. We have examined temperature-dependent hyperchromicity profiles of synthetic RNAs corresponding to domains in the plastid and cytoplasmic RNAs of P. falciparum. Thiostrepton induces a tertiary structure in the plastid-like fragment similar to that seen in eubacterial rRNA, even though the two share only about 60% sequence identity. A single point mutation in the plastid-like fragment removes thiostrepton-dependent tertiary structure formation. Thus, the plastid and eubacterial RNAs share a stabilized tertiary structure induced by the drug. This direct indicator of drug sensitivity in eubacteria suggests that the plastid-encoded ribosome is similarly sensitive to thiostrepton and that the plastid is the site of drug action. Correlation of thiostrepton-sensitive and -resistant phenotypes with physical parameters suggests thiostrepton resistance as a selectable marker for plastid transformation.
Nanoparticles: An approach to controlling an electro-optical behavior of nematic liquid crystals (2005)

We report an orientational effect in suspension of nematic liquid crystal (NLC) with solid nanoparticles, controlled by the optically “hidden” electrophoretic effect: electrophoretically controlled nematic (EPCN). Adding the nanoparticles results in an additional phenomenon in conventionally designed NLC cell: polarity-controlled bistable/multistable switching. The EPCN is based on the nature of an interaction of nanoparticles with LC molecules and not on specific fabrication technology, which makes it applicable to various current LC displays technologies and gives a big opportunity to produce low power consumption high informative displays, including low cost large scale flexible displays.
Thermodynamic, Counterion, and Hydration Effects for the Incorporation of Locked Nucleic Acid Nucleotides into DNA Duplexes (2006)

A locked nucleic acid (LNA) monomer is a conformationally restricted nucleotide analogue with an extra 2'-O, 4'-C-methylene bridge added to the ribose ring. LNA-modified oligonucleotides are known to exhibit enhanced hybridization affinity toward complementary DNA and RNA. In this work, we have evaluated the hybridization thermodynamics of a series of LNA-substituted DNA octamers, modified to various extents by one to three LNA substitutions, introduced at either adenine (5'-AGCACCAG) or thymine (5'-TGCTCCTG) nucleotides. To understand the energetics, counterion effects, and the hydration contribution of the incorporation of LNA modification, a combination of spectroscopic and calorimetric techniques was used. The CD spectra of the corresponding duplexes showed that the modified duplexes adopt an A-type conformation. UV and DSC melting studies revealed that each type of duplex unfolds in a two-state transition. A complete thermodynamic profile at 5 degrees C indicated that the net effect of modification on thermodynamic parameters might be positional and that the neighboring bases flanking the modification might influence the favorable formation of the modified duplexes. Furthermore, relative to the formation of the unmodified reference duplexes, the formation of modified duplexes is accompanied by a higher uptake of counterions and a lower uptake of water molecules.
Chemically crosslinked isoreticular metal–organic frameworks (2013)

Herein we report the synthesis of canonical isoreticular metal-organic frameworks (IRMOFs) containing interligand crosslinks. Chemically crosslinking two molecules of 2-amino-1,4-benzene dicarboxylic acid (NH2-BDC) gives ligands that readily form IRMOF-1 analogs, producing crosslinked MOFs that may be designed to have novel properties.
Capacity enhancement by increasing both mutual coupling and efficiency: a novel approach (2007)

In this paper a method which increases both mutual coupling and efficiency is presented. It is based on hardware modification and applied to patch antenna arrays. It is seen that by increasing the mutual coupling, the channel capacity is increased significantly. In addition, this method removes, over a certain frequency band, the main drawback of mutual coupling: the losses at the ports level. The benefits of this method on the channel capacity are analyzed for 3 antenna structures. The channel capacity is calculated using a measurement based tool called MEBAT. The effects of this method are shown both by simulations and measurements.
Genetics of galactose metabolism of Erwinia amylovora and its influence on polysaccharide synthesis and virulence of the fire blight pathogen (1994)

Galactose metabolism mutants of Erwinia amylovora were created by transposon insertions and characterized for their growth properties and interaction with plant tissue. The nucleotide sequence of the galE gene was determined. The gene, which encodes UDP-galactose 4-epimerase, shows homology to the galE genes of Escherichia coli, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Rhizobium meliloti, and other gram-negative bacteria. Cloned DNA with the galE and with the galT and galK genes did not share borders, as judged by the lack of common fragments in hybridization with chromosomal DNA. These genes are thus located separately on the bacterial chromosome. In contrast to the gal operon of E. coli, the galE gene of E. amylovora is constitutively expressed, independently of the presence of galactose in the medium. The function of the galE gene but not of the galT or galK gene is required for bacterial virulence on pear fruits and seedlings. In the absence of galactose, the galE mutant was deficient in amylovoran synthesis. Subsequently, the galE mutant cells elicited host defense reactions, and they were not stained by fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled lectin, which efficiently binds to amylovoran capsules of E. amylovora. The mutation affected the side chains of bacterial lipopolysaccharide, but an intact O antigen was not required for virulence. This was shown with another mutant, which could be complemented for virulence but not for side chain synthesis of lipopolysaccharide.
Online stereo calibration using FPGAs (2005)

Online stereo calibration is useful in many situations where the cameras are moving relative to each other. The motion can either be intentional, as in an active stereo head, or due to vibrations, heat etc. which is commonly found in automotive applications. However, most approaches for finding the essential matrix relating the two cameras are computationally very expensive and, hence, this problem must be addressed. In this paper, we suggest deferring a large portion of the image processing onto a field programmable gate array (FPGA) since most operations can be heavily parallelized. The specific algorithm chosen to find point correspondences between the left and the right images is SIFT, which has the advantage of producing a very small number of outliers. Having few outliers is important as computing the essential matrix from point correspondences is an inherently unstable problem, particularly in the case where the cameras are nearly parallel. We present a system, which computes the computationally intensive parts of SIFT (Gaussian pyramid, Sobel etc) using an FPGA. The host computer then uses the resulting point correspondences to estimate the essential matrix with the help of a reduced model of the camera setup. On-line stereo calibration at frame rate (60Hz) is then possible without excessively loading the host computer.
Human bocavirus: clinical significance and implications (2008)

HBoV is an emerging human parvovirus. The full spectrum of disease associated with HBoV remains to be defined.
La historia inmediata en la televisión española: la representación del terrorismo (2009)

En estas paginas se llevara a cabo un breve repaso sobre la representacion televisiva del fenomeno del terrorismo en Espana, desde ETA hasta Al-Qaeda, y se pondran de manifiesto diferentes lecturas realizadas sobre el mayor atentado de la Historia de Espana. Como se planteara a continuacion, la recreacion televisiva del terrorismo ha pasado en los ultimos anos desde un cierto enfoque de consenso –manifestado en una informacion homogenea y una cobertura similar respecto a ciertas acciones de ETA-, a una ruptura discursiva, en lo que se refiere al tratamiento del 11-M. En terminos generales, su interpretacion mediatica se hizo en clave interna. Esta lectura
local del 11-M dio lugar a una produccion documental centrada sobre dos temas fundamentales: la autoria (enfocada desde la disyuntiva ETA/Al-Qaeda), y las consecuencias del atentado sobre las inmediatas elecciones del 14 de marzo de 2004. De esta manera, las televisiones ofrecieron una focalizacion definida. Pero, por el contrario, pocos documentales abordaron en profundidad su implicacion con el fenomeno del terrorismo internacional o con los mecanismos de socializacion de sus autores en el
tejido social espanol.[ABSTRACT]The importance of the television as an agent in shaping popular culture is indisputable. This article intends to study how the audio-visual mass media understand history through several elements: the traditions of the cinema, the adaptation of fictional narratives to the dominant discourses or the historiographic category of the “popular television”, which inform us about the public and private uses of the small screen.
Racial Disparity of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression in Prostate Cancer (2004)

Our data demonstrate that race contributes significantly to variability of EGFR expression in prostate cancer. Racial background may have an impact on the design of clinical trials to test the efficacy of anti-EGFR agents.