gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probiotics and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Rationale, Putative Mechanisms, and Evidence of Clinical Efficacy (2006)

The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) follows an acute, presumably infectious diarrheal illness in approximately 15% of patients. There may be a persistent, mild inflammatory state with changes in mucosal function or structure. Changes in the colonic bacterial flora reported in IBS seem related to predominant bowel. Colonic bacteria normally metabolize nutrients with the formation of gas and short chain fatty acids. The latter may induce propulsive contractions and accelerate colonic transit or they may enhance fluid and sodium absorption in the colon. This review addresses the mechanisms, rationale and current evidence for the efficacy of probiotics, including Lactobacilli, Bifidobacteria, and VSL#3, in the treatment of IBS. The mechanisms influenced by probiotics include immune function, motility, and the intraluminal milieu. Probiotics may suppress the low-grade inflammation associated with IBS or restore normal local immune function. Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria subspecies are able to deconjugate and absorb bile acids, potentially reducing the colonic mucosal secretion of mucin and fluids that may contribute to functional diarrhea or IBS with diarrhea. Therapeutic trials show the potential benefit of Bifidobacteria or Lactobacilli species alone or in the specific probiotic combination, VSL#3, on symptoms in IBS. Colonic transit was retarded in IBS patients treated with VSL#3 without induction of significant changes in bowel function. In summary, probiotics are promising therapies in IBS.
Accumulation of Free ADP-ribose from Mitochondria Mediates Oxidative Stress-induced Gating of TRPM2 Cation Channels (2004)

TRPM2 is a member of the transient receptor potential melastatin-related (TRPM) family of cation channels, which possesses both ion channel and ADP-ribose hydrolase functions. TRPM2 has been shown to gate in response to oxidative and nitrosative stresses, but the mechanism through which TRPM2 gating is induced by these types of stimuli is not clear. Here we show through structure-guided mutagenesis that TRPM2 gating by ADP-ribose and both oxidative and nitrosative stresses requires an intact ADP-ribose binding cleft in the C-terminal nudix domain. We also show that oxidative/nitrosative stress-induced gating can be inhibited by pharmacological reagents predicted to inhibit NAD hydrolysis to ADP-ribose and by suppression of ADP-ribose accumulation by cytosolic or mitochondrial overexpression of an enzyme that specifically hydrolyzes ADP-ribose. Overall, our data are most consistent with a model of oxidative and nitrosative stress-induced TRPM2 activation in which mitochondria are induced to produce free ADP-ribose and release it to the cytosol, where its subsequent accumulation induces TRPM2 gating via interaction within a binding cleft in the C-terminal NUDT9-H domain of TRPM2.
Prostaglandins. 2. Synthesis of prostaglandin F2.alpha. in optically active form from chiral precursors (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProstaglandins. 2. Synthesis of prostaglandin F2.alpha. in optically active form from chiral precursorsFrancis Johnson, K. G. Paul, Duccio Favara, Romeo Ciabatti, and Umberto GuzziCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 8, 2190–2198Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00372a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00372a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views982Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Selectin binding is essential for peritoneal carcinomatosis in a xenograft model of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma in pfp −− /rag2 −− mice (2012)

Interactions of tumour cells with peritoneal selectins play an important role in the peritoneal spread of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Validation of a Photovoltaic Module Energy Ratings Procedure at NREL (1999)

The procedure determines the energy production of a PV module for five reference days. The reference days represent possible operating environments and are qualitatively described as Hot Sunny, Cold Sunny, Hot Cloudy, Cold Cloudy, and Nice. Based on statistical weather criteria, these days were selected from the National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB). Besides the hourly solar radiation and meteorological data from the NSRDB, the reference days include air mass, angle of incidence, plane of array, and spectral irradiance for a south-facing PV module at latitude tilt, battery-charging voltage, and parameters f1 and f2 for determining PV module temperature. Indoor I-V curve measurements over a range of temperatures and irradiances characterize the electrical performance of a PV module and are used to determine factors to correct for non-linear performance when irradiance and temperature vary. They also serve as a matrix of reference I-V curves for translating to reference-day condition s. The sensitivity of a PV module to variations in the spectral distribution of the incident radiation is accounted for by using an incident irradiance. Differences in PV module thermal characteristics are accounted for by using a PV module's installed nominal operating cell temperature (INOCT) for input to the Fuentes temperature model. The procedure does not consider radiation and transmittance losses at large incident angles. These losses were judged too small, and not sufficiently different, for various PV modules to justify the complexity of their measurement and inclusion in the procedure. PV performance measurements from NREL's Outdoor Test Facility during calendar-year 1998 were used to validate the procedure by comparing modeled and measured maximum power values for seven flat-plate PV modules representing different technologies. On an annual basis, modeled values compared within 5% of measured values. Taking into account reproducibility errors from ratings being performed by different facilities and the modeling errors, the following statement applies to the ability of this procedure to show relative differences in the energy production of two PV modules: ''Because of errors in measurements and energy rating methodology, differences of 8% or less in the energy ratings of two PV modules are not significant. If one of the PV modules is amorphous silicon, differences of 13% or less in the energy ratings of two PV modules are not significant.'' This work was performed to develop and validate a PV module energy rating procedure for incorporation into IEEE PAR1479, ''Recommended Practice for the Evaluation of Photovoltaic Module Energy Production.''
A Review of the Neuroprotective Properties of the 5-HT1A Receptor Agonist Repinotan HC1 (BAY × 3702) in Ischemic Stroke (2006)

Repinotan HCl (repinotan, BAYx3702), a highly selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist with a good record of safety was found to have pronounced neuroprotective effects in experimental models that mimic various aspects of brain injury. Repinotan caused strong, dose-dependent infarct reductions in permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion, transient middle cerebral artery occlusion, and traumatic brain injury paradigms. The specific 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY 100635 blocked these effects, indicating that the neuroprotective properties of repinotan are mediated through the 5-HT1A receptor. The proposed neuroprotective mechanisms of repinotan are thought to be the result of neuronal hyperpolarization via the activation of G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying K+ channels upon binding to both pre- and post-synaptic 5-HT1A receptors. Hyperpolarization results in inhibition of neuron firing and reduction of glutamate release. These mechanisms, leading to protection of neurons against overexcitation, could explain the neuroprotective efficacy of repinotan per se, but not necessarily the efficacy by delayed administration. The therapeutic time window of repinotan appeared to be at least 5 h in in vivo animal models, but may be even longer at higher doses of the drug. Experimental studies indicate that repinotan affects various mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of brain injury. In addition to the direct effect of repinotan on neuronal hyperpolarization and suppression of glutamate release this compound affects the death-inhibiting protein Bcl-2, serotonergic glial growth factor S-100beta and Nerve Growth Factor. It also suppresses the activity of caspase-3 through MAPK and PKCalpha; this effect may contribute to its neuroprotective efficacy. The dose- and time-dependent neuroprotective efficacy of repinotan indicates that the drug is a promising candidate for prevention of secondary brain damage in brain-injured patients suffering from acute ischemic stroke. Unfortunately, however, the first, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial did not demonstrate the efficacy of repinotan in acute ischemic stroke.
Two-in-One Designer Antibodies (2009)

An antibody is engineered to recognize two different proteins with high affinity, opening the door to improved combination therapies for cancers and infections.
Personality and adjustment correlates of organisational commitment among college teachers (2008)

The present study was designed to explore the personality and adjustment correlates of organisational commitment among college teachers of Haryana. Data were collected from 336 full-time teachers of 49 degree colleges (31 private and 18 Government) of Haryana. Obtained data were analysed by applying Product Moment Method of Correlation. Degree of freedom being 334 (N-2) correlations coefficients of.11 and.15 were found to be significant at or above.05 level of significance. Obtained correlations revealed the factors G, H, L, M, and Q3 of 16 PF to be significant personality correlates of organisational commitment among college teachers. Four of adjustment scales namely home, health, emotional, and occupational emerged significant adjustment correlates of organisational commitment. Findings depict that college teachers temperamentally characterized as conscientious, rule-bound, venturesome, socially bold, trusting, adaptable, practical, regulated by external realities, controlled, high in self-concept control; and having home, health, emotional, and occupational adjustment tend to be more committed to their working organisations/institutions.
Diagnostic efficiency of troponin T measurements in acute myocardial infarction. (1991)

Thus, the data of the study indicate that the newly developed troponin T test improves the efficiency of serodiagnostic tools for the detection of myocardial cell necrosis as compared with conventionally used cardiac enzymes.
Design issues in system support for programmable routers (2005)

Placement of computation inside the network is a powerful computation model that can improve the overall performance of network applications. The authors address the problem of providing sound and efficient system support for placing computation in a network router We identify a set of requirements, related to protection, resource control, scheduling and efficiency, that are relevant to the design of this system support. We have developed a system that attempts to meet these requirements, and have used it to write a router application that performs aggregated congestion control.
Packet-based whitted and distribution ray tracing (2007)

Much progress has been made toward interactive ray tracing, but most research has focused specifically on ray casting. A common approach is to use "packets" of rays to amortize cost across sets of rays. Whether "packets" can be used to speed up the cost of reflection and refraction rays is unclear. The issue is complicated since such rays do not share common origins and often have less directional coherence than viewing and shadow rays. Since the primary advantage of ray tracing over rasterization is the computation of global effects, such as accurate reflection and refraction, this lack of knowledge should be corrected. We are also interested in exploring whether distribution ray tracing, due to its stochastic properties, further erodes the effectiveness of techniques used to accelerate ray casting. This paper addresses the question of whether packet-based ray tracing algorithms can be effectively used for more than visibility computation. We show that by choosing an appropriate data structure and a suitable packet assembly algorithm we can extend the idea of "packets" from ray casting to Whitted-style and distribution ray tracing, while maintaining efficiency.
Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agents for Medical and Molecular Imaging (2004)

This chapter focuses on the wide range of chemical and biological applications that exist for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. Contrast agent enhanced MRI is an invaluable tool to the diagnosis of cancer and many other diseases, and recently in molecular imaging of experimental animals. The development of new contrast agents, improved pulse sequences, and hardware is evolving MRI into one of the leading modalities for cancer diagnosis. Imaging of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is an area aided by MRI contrast agents. Superparamagnetic iron oxide agents have been used to image the GI tract and assess ulcerative colitis. Contrast agent enhanced MRI is a valuable resource in the study of diseases related to the skeletal system. The chapter begins with a description of the targeted delivery of contrast agents including how they bind to and accumulate in specific biological tissues.
Afferent and spinal mechanisms of joint pain (1993)

TEST 02 - Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields.
Monoclonal Antibody Light Chain with Prothrombinase Activity (2000)

Prothrombin is the precursor of thrombin, a central enzyme in coagulation. Autoantibodies to prothrombin are associated with thromboembolism, but the mechanisms by which the antibodies modulate the coagulation processes are not understood. We screened a panel of 34 monoclonal antibody light chains isolated from patients with multiple myeloma for prothrombinase activity by an electrophoresis method. Two light chains with the activity were identified, and one of the light chains was characterized further. The prothrombinase activity eluted from a gel-filtration column run in denaturing solvent (6 M guanidine hydrochloride) at the characteristic positions of the light chain dimer and monomer. A constant level of catalytic activity was observed across the width of the light chain monomer peak, assessed as the cleavage of IEGR-methylcoumarinamide, a peptide substrate corresponding to residues 268-271 of prothrombin. Hydrolysis of this peptide by the light chain was saturable and consistent with Michaelis-Menten-Henri kinetics (K(m) 103 microM; k(cat) of 2.62 x 10(-)(2)/min). Four cleavage sites in prothrombin were identified by N-terminal sequencing of the fragments: Arg(155)-Ser(156), Arg(271)-Thr(272), Arg(284)-Thr(285), and Arg(393)-Ser(394). The light chain did not cleave radiolabeled albumin, thyroglobulin, and annexin V under conditions that readily permitted detectable prothrombin cleavage. Two prothrombin fragments (M(r) 55 000 and 38 000), were isolated by anion-exchange chromatography and were observed to cleave a thrombin substrate, tosyl-GPR-nitroanilide. Conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin was accelerated by the prothrombin fragments generated by the light chain. These finding suggest a novel mechanism whereby antibodies can induce a procoagulant state, i.e., prothrombin activation via cleavage of the molecule.
Blind and Semi-Blind Deblurring of Natural Images (2009)

A method for blind image deblurring is presented. The method only makes weak assumptions about the blurring filter and is able to undo a wide variety of blurring degradations. To overcome the ill-posedness of the blind image deblurring problem, the method includes a learning technique which initially focuses on the main edges of the image and gradually takes details into account. A new image prior, which includes a new edge detector, is used. The method is able to handle unconstrained blurs, but also allows the use of constraints or of prior information on the blurring filter, as well as the use of filters defined in a parametric manner. Furthermore, it works in both single-frame and multiframe scenarios. The use of constrained blur models appropriate to the problem at hand, and/or of multiframe scenarios, generally improves the deblurring results. Tests performed on monochrome and color images, with various synthetic and real-life degradations, without and with noise, in single-frame and multiframe scenarios, showed good results, both in subjective terms and in terms of the increase of signal to noise ratio (ISNR) measure. In comparisons with other state of the art methods, our method yields better results, and shows to be applicable to a much wider range of blurs.
Oral Administration of a Salmonella enterica -Based Vaccine Expressing Bacillus anthracis Protective Antigen Confers Protection against Aerosolized B. anthracis (2006)

Bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax, a disease that affects wildlife, livestock, and humans. Protection against anthrax is primarily afforded by immunity to the B. anthracis protective antigen (PA), particularly PA domains 4 and 1. To further the development of an orally delivered human vaccine for mass vaccination against anthrax, we produced Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing full-length PA, PA domains 1 and 4, or PA domain 4 using codon-optimized PA DNA fused to the S. enterica serovar Typhi ClyA and under the control of the ompC promoter. Oral immunization of A/J mice with Salmonella expressing full-length PA protected five of six mice against a challenge with 10(5) CFU of aerosolized B. anthracis STI spores, whereas Salmonella expressing PA domains 1 and 4 provided only 25% protection (two of eight mice), and Salmonella expressing PA domain 4 or a Salmonella-only control afforded no measurable protection. However, a purified recombinant fusion protein of domains 1 and 4 provided 100% protection, and purified recombinant 4 provided protection in three of eight immunized mice. Thus, we demonstrate for the first time the efficacy of an oral S. enterica-based vaccine against aerosolized B. anthracis spores.
A Novel Time-Varying Poly Lactic-Co Glycolic Acid External Sheath for Vein Grafts Designed under Physiological Loading (2007)

Changes in dimensional and mechanical properties of degradable sheaths in poly lactic-co glycolic acid (PLGA) have been researched extensively. Composite PLGA having variable resorption rates in multiple layers under physiological loading has not been reported. Our novel design of a PLGA sheath is composed of 3 layers with different degradation rates (i.e., the innermost layer degrades the fastest, followed by the middle, while the outer layer degrades the slowest). In the presence of physiological luminal pressure, diameter is greater, thickness is less, resorption rate is greater, pore size is greater, and incremental modulus is greater than in nonpressurized sheaths. Furthermore, the ratio of the pore size to the sheath radius affects the dimensional changes of the sheath in the radial direction. In addition to changing the pore size-to-sheath radius ratio, the dimensional changes can be manipulated by choosing different glycolic and lactic acid ratios for the different layers. The application of this novel PLGA design for gradual arterialization of vein grafts is contemplated.
Analysis of Botanicals and Dietary Supplements for Antioxidant Capacity: A Review (2000)

Free radicals and other reactive species are considered to be important causative factors in the development of diseases of aging such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. This relationship has led to considerable interest in assessing the antioxidant capacity of foods and botanicals and other nutritional antioxidant supplements. The use of the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay as a tool for antioxidant assessment is described and proposed as a method for comparing botanical sources and for standardizing nutritional supplements. The free radical or oxidant source is important and direct comparisons cannot be made between procedures that use different sources. The ORAC procedure uses 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride as a peroxyl radical source, which is relevant to biological systems because the peroxyl radical is the most abundant free radical. Other oxidant sources (hydroxyl radical and Cu++) can also be used to characterize antioxidants in botanicals. Phenolics or polyphenolics are responsible for most of the antioxidant capacity in fruits, vegetables, and most botanical antioxidant supplements. Although little is known about the absorption and metabolism of these components, improvement in the in vivo antioxidant status has been observed in human subjects following consumption of antioxidant botanicals. The ORAC method provides a basis from which to establish appropriate dietary intakes that might impact health outcomes.
Seamless (2017)

A parameterization decouples the resolution of a signal on a surface from the resolution of the surface geometry. In practice, parameterized signals are conveniently and efficiently stored as texture images. Unfortunately, seams are inevitable when parametrizing most surfaces. Their visual artifacts are well known for color signals, but become even more egregious when geometry or displacement signals are used: cracks or gaps may appear in the surface. To make matters worse, parameterizations and their seams are frequently ignored during mesh processing. Carefully accounting for seams in one phase may be nullified by the next. The existing literature on seam-elimination requires non-standard rendering algorithms or else overly restricts the parameterization and signal. We present seam-aware mesh processing techniques. For a given fixed mesh, we analytically characterize the space of seam-free textures as the null space of a linear operator. Assuming seam-free textures, we describe topological and geometric conditions for seam-free edge-collapse operations. Our algorithms eliminate seam artifacts in parameterized signals and decimate a mesh---including its seams---while preserving its parameterization and seam-free appearance. This allows the artifact-free display of surface signals---color, normals, positions, displacements, linear blend skinning weights---with the standard GPU rendering pipeline. In particular, our techniques enable crack-free use of the tessellation stage of modern GPU's for dynamic level-of-detail. This decouples the shape signal from mesh resolution in a manner compatible with existing workflows.