gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and characterisation of enhanced barrierAlGaN/GaN HFET (1999)

An AlGaN/GaN HFET incorporating a piezoelectrically enhanced two-layer barrier structure has been fabricated and characterised. The gate leakage current was observed to be suppressed by one order of magnitude, compared to that in a conventional AlGaN/GaN HFET. Breakdown voltages in the piezoelectrically enhanced and conventional HFET structures are ~100 V and have positive temperature coefficients.
The in-vitro activity of new streptogramins, RP 59500, RP 57669 and RP 54476, alone and in combination (1992)

RP 59500 is a 30:70 mixture of RP 57669 and RP 54476. The activity of RP 59500 and its two components against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms was compared with that of clarithromycin, roxithromycin, azithromycin and rokitamycin. RP 59500 inhibited 90% of erythromycin-susceptible and resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci at less than or equal to 1 mg/L (range 0.06-2 mg/L). Both inducibly and constitutively-resistant strains of S. aureus, as well as strains resistant to rifampicin, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin, were inhibited. Streptococcus pyogenes, including erythromycin-resistant isolates, and group C and G streptococci were inhibited by 0.5 mg/L. Streptococcus pneumoniae and viridans group streptococci were inhibited by 1 mg/L. The MIC90 was 4 mg/L for Haemophilus influenzae and 1 mg/L for Moraxella catarrhalis. RP 59500 did not inhibit Enterobacteriaceae or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The activity of RP 59500 against streptococci was less than that of the four other macrolides. Clostridium perfringens strains were highly susceptible, as were Bacteroides spp. RP 59500, when combined with ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime or gentamicin, did not have altered activity against susceptible species or alter the activity of the other component of the combination against susceptible species. MBCs in serum were increased two- to four-fold for S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae and S. aureus, compared with MBCs in broth, but RP 59500 was as active at pH 6 as at pH 7, and there was not an appreciable inoculum effect. RP 59500 has potential use as an agent against inducibly and constitutively erythromycin-resistant isolates of Gram-positive species and selected anaerobic organisms.
Reduction of artifacts due to multiple metallic objects in computed tomography (2009)

An X-ray computed tomography (CT) image including metallic objects suffers from annoying metal artifacts such as shades and streaks. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for reducing metal artifacts via a reprojectionreconstruction process. In the proposed algorithm, we first reconstruct a CT image from the original projection data. We then remove metallic object regions and replace them with the value of soft-tissue; apply total-variation-based smoothing to the image in order to reduce streak artifacts while preserving the shapes of non-metallic objects; and obtain the reprojection data of the smoothened image. Even though the reprojection data do not contain metallic objects, remaining shade artifacts (especially in the regions between metal objects) still affect the reprojection data. Those artifacts are found to be mainly concentrated in overlapping regions of metal-traces in the reprojection data. Hence, we horizontally interpolate the overlapping region with intensity values of its boundary pixels. We then replace whole metal trace regions in the original projection data with the processed reprojection data. The completed projection data are then used for the reconstruction of the final image. The proposed algorithm can reduce streak and shade artifacts while preserving the shape of non-metallic objects. It is proved that the proposed algorithm provides noticeably better performance in metal artifact reduction compared with the algorithms based on linear interpolation and the model image reprojection.
Measurement of chemiluminescence from neutrophils in a 96-well microplate using Lumi Box U-800 II (1997)

We have developed a microplate photon counting system based on a cooled charge-coupled device (Lumi Box U-800 II) jointly with Maikurotekku Nition Company (Chiba, Japan). The system makes it possible to quantify chemiluminescence (CL) in a 96-well microplate automatically and simultaneously in a single experiment. We studied the measurement conditions for a luminol-dependent CL assay from neutrophils stimulated with opsonized zymosan (OZ) using this system. Parameters examined included the effect of OZ dose per well, mixing speed, mixing time and detection time on CL responses. The results indicated that this system allows the measurement of CL from phagocytes on a large number of samples using small amounts of sample and regents.
A New Method to Fabricate Polymer Waveguides (2005)

Polymer waveguides were successfully fabricated by a new method, which was incorporated with a micromolding process. The refractive index of the UV polymer used in these experiments was changed by an extremely low electric field. The experiment of the near field measurement with end fire coupling had shown that the light had been totally restricted inside the core layer of the waveguide. This process is easy and simply for mass production of any shape of polymer waveguides.
Involvement of snapdragon benzaldehyde dehydrogenase in benzoic acid biosynthesis (2009)

Benzoic acid (BA) is an important building block in a wide spectrum of compounds varying from primary metabolites to secondary products. Benzoic acid biosynthesis from L-phenylalanine requires shortening of the propyl side chain by two carbons, which can occur via a beta-oxidative pathway or a non-beta-oxidative pathway, with benzaldehyde as a key intermediate. The non-beta-oxidative route requires benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (BALDH) to convert benzaldehyde to BA. Using a functional genomic approach, we identified an Antirrhinum majus (snapdragon) BALDH, which exhibits 40% identity to bacterial BALDH. Transcript profiling, biochemical characterization of the purified recombinant protein, molecular homology modeling, in vivo stable isotope labeling, and transient expression in petunia flowers reveal that BALDH is capable of oxidizing benzaldehyde to BA in vivo. GFP localization and immunogold labeling studies show that this biochemical step occurs in the mitochondria, raising a question about the role of subcellular compartmentalization in BA biosynthesis.
Role of T Cell Receptor Affinity in the Efficacy and Specificity of Adoptive T Cell Therapies (2013)

Over the last several years, there has been considerable progress in the treatment of cancer using gene modified adoptive T cell therapies. Two approaches have been used, one involving the introduction of a conventional αβ T cell receptor (TCR) against a pepMHC cancer antigen, and the second involving introduction of a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) consisting of a single-chain antibody as an Fv fragment linked to transmembrane and signaling domains. In this review, we focus on one aspect of TCR-mediated adoptive T cell therapies, the impact of the affinity of the αβ TCR for the pepMHC cancer antigen on both efficacy and specificity. We discuss the advantages of higher-affinity TCRs in mediating potent activity of CD4 T cells. This is balanced with the potential disadvantage of higher-affinity TCRs in mediating greater self-reactivity against a wider range of structurally similar antigenic peptides, especially in synergy with the CD8 co-receptor. Both TCR affinity and target selection will influence potential safety issues. We suggest pre-clinical strategies that might be used to examine each TCR for possible on-target and off-target side effects due to self-reactivities, and to adjust TCR affinities accordingly.
Esterolytic Catalyses by Copolymers Containing Imidazole and Carboxyl Functions (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEsterolytic Catalyses by Copolymers Containing Imidazole and Carboxyl FunctionsC. G. Overberger and H. MakiCite this: Macromolecules 1970, 3, 2, 214–220Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60014a018RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views139Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (681 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Adoptive immunotherapy prevents prostate cancer in a transgenic animal model (1999)

Cancer-related mortality can be decreased by prevention, early detection and improved therapies. Although animal models should be used to evaluate the success of cancer therapies, their usefulness is controversial. Many cancer therapies that have cured tumors in mice have not met with similar success when attempted in humans. Current animal models rely mainly on inoculating cell lines into animals, a method that does not reproduce the natural development of the tumor, both for the kinetics of induction and the anatomical site concerned. In this study, we have used an SV40 T-antigen-transgenic mouse model of prostate cancer in which the tumor spontaneously develops orthotopically with a disease progression that closely resembles the progression of human prostate cancer. We have used this model to test the suitability of adoptive cellular immunotherapy. Transfer of naive cells obtained from a T-antigen-negative congenic animal had significant but partial effects: it prevented development of malignant tumors, leaving just minor foci of residual tumor and/or hyperplasia. Adoptive transfer of memory lymphocytes specific for T-antigen, which is a prostatic self antigen in this model, prevented tumor development and progression without affecting the morphology and function of involved tissues. Treated animals were able to breed, and their survival was greatly increased. These results strongly suggest that adoptive immunotherapy should be successful in treating early stages of human prostate cancer.
Wear of high-density polyethylene on bone and cartilage (1979)

Wear of high-density polyethylene on bone and cartilage has resulted in a large volume of plastic particles being shed into the two knees and two hips studied. The giant-cell foreign-body reaction of the synovium may not be sufficient to cope with the amount of debris presented and the destruction of the endosteal bone in one hip, caused by the wear particles and movement of the prosthesis, has made revision impossible. Articulation of high-density polyethylene against bone or cartilage either by design or by the failure of alignment of the component must be avoided.
Gene Regulation Ontology (GRO): design principles and use cases. (2008)

The Gene Regulation Ontology (GRO) is designed as a novel approach to model complex events that are part of the gene regulatory processes. We introduce the design requirements for such a conceptual model and discuss terminological resources suitable to base its construction on. The ontology defines gene regulation events in terms of ontological classes and imposes constraints on them by specifying the participants involved. The logical structure of the ontology is intended to meet the needs of advanced information extraction and text mining systems which target the identification of event representations in scientific literature. The GRO has just been submitted to the OBO library and is currently under review. It is available at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Rebholz-srv/GRO/GRO.html.
Diuretics and Risk of Arrhythmic Death in Patients With Left Ventricular Dysfunction (1999)

Background-Treatment with diuretics has been reported to increase the risk of arrhythmic death in patients with hypertension. The effect of diuretic therapy on arrhythmic death in patients with left ventricular dysfunction is unknown. Methods and Results-We conducted a retrospective analysis of 6797 patients with an ejection fraction <0.36 enrolled in the Studies Of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) to assess the relation between diuretic use at baseline and the subsequent risk of arrhythmic death. Participants receiving a diuretic at baseline were more likely to have an arrhythmic death than those not receiving a diuretic (3.1 vs 1.7 arrhythmic deaths per 100 person-years, P=0.001). On univariate analysis, diuretic use was associated with an increased risk of arrhythmic death (relative risk [RR] 1.85, P=0.0001). After controlling for important covariates, diuretic use remained significantly associated with an increased risk of arrhythmic death (RR 1.37, P=0.009). Only non-potassium-sparing diuretic use was independently associated with arrhythmic death (RR 1.33, P=0.02). Use of a potassium-sparing diuretic, alone or in combination with a non-potassium-sparing diuretic, was not independently associated with an increased risk of arrhythmic death (RR 0.90, P=0.6). Conclusions-In SOLVD, baseline use of a non-potassium-sparing diuretic was associated with an increased risk of arrhythmic death, whereas baseline use of a potassium-sparing diuretic was not. These data suggest that diuretic-induced electrolyte disturbances may result in fatal arrhythmias in patients with systolic left ventricular dysfunction.
Serum antibodies to Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 in patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome (1989)

Sera from 13 patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and 8 healthy control subjects were examined for antibodies specific for bacterial antigens of Eschericia coli serotype O157:H7. Bacterial components, including outer membrane proteins (OMPs), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and flagella, were reacted with sera by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All 13 serum samples from HUS patients contained high-titered antibodies of the immunoglobulin M class against O157 LPS and some OMPs. These same sera reacted weakly with some of the major OMPs, but not the LPS, of non-O157 strains of E. coli. Sera from patients did not contain antibodies to non-O157 LPS or H7 flagella. The possibility of using E. coli serotype O157 LPS in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the routine diagnostic testing of sera from HUS patients for evidence of O157:H7 infection is discussed.
DNA sequences of genes encoding Acinetobacter calcoaceticus protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase: evidence indicating shuffling of genes and of DNA sequences within genes during their evolutionary divergence (1990)

The DNA sequence of a 2,391-base-pair HindIII restriction fragment of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus DNA containing the pcaCHG genes is reported. The DNA sequence reveals that A. calcoaceticus pca genes, encoding enzymes required for protocatechuate metabolism, are arranged in a single transcriptional unit, pcaEFDBCHG, whereas homologous genes are arranged differently in Pseudomonas putida. The pcaG and pcaH genes represent separate reading frames respectively encoding the alpha and beta subunits of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.1.3); previously a single designation, pcaA, had been used to represent DNA encoding this enzyme. The alpha and beta protein subunits appear to share common ancestry with each other and with catechol 1,2-dioxygenases from A. calcoaceticus and P. putida. Marked conservation of amino acid sequence is observed in a region containing two histidyl residues and two tyrosyl residues that appear to ligate iron within each oxygenase. In some regions within the aligned oxygenase sequences, DNA sequences appear to be conserved at a level beyond the extent that might have been demanded by selection at the level of protein. In other regions, divergence of DNA sequences appears to have been achieved by substitution of DNA sequence from one genetic segment into another. The results are interpreted to be the consequence of sequence exchange by gene conversion between slipped strands of DNA during evolutionary divergence; mismatch repair between slipped strands may contribute to the maintenance of DNA sequence in divergent genes.
[Decreased level of immunoreactive creatine phosphokinase BB isoenzymes in the brain of patients with schizophrenia and senile dementia of the Alzheimer type]. (1990)

The decrease of immunoreactive creatinine phosphokinase BB (CPK BB) was demonstrated by immunoblotting and immunoelectrophoresis with antiserum to CPK BB. There were no correlations between the activity and content of that enzyme in normal and mental brains. Therefore the decrease of CPK activity in mental brains cannot be explained by the content reduction alone. It may be due to ++post-translation modifications of CPK molecules and other reasons.
Phosphorylation of Coformycin and 2′ -Deoxycoformycin, and Substrate and Inhibitor Properties of the Nucleosides and Nucleotides in Several Enzyme Systems (1985)

Abstract Under conditions where 2′-deoxycoformycin is enzymatically phosphorylated by wheat shoot phosphotransferase to the 5′-phosphate in 15 - 20% yield, coformycin is a relatively poor substrate, and is phosphorylated only to the extent of ≤ 5%. However, chemical phosphorylation of coformycin by modifications of the Yoshikawa procedure led to isolation of coformycin-5′-phosphate in 20% overall yield. Coformycin-5′-phosphate was characterized by various criteria, including 1 H NMR spectroscopy. Comparison of the spectrum with that of the parent nucleoside indicated that the nucleotide is predominantly, although not exclusively, in the conformation anti about the glycosidic bond. Like 2′-deoxycoformycin-5′-phosphate, coformycin-5′-phosphate was a feeble substrate of snake venom 5′-nucleotidase, and is hydrolyzed, quantitatively, at only 2% the rate for 5′-AMP. With 5′-AMP analogues as substrate, the 5′-phosphates of both coformycin and deoxycoformycin were poor inhibitors of the enzyme, with K i values &gt; 0.3 mᴍ. The 5′-phosphates of both coformycin and deoxycoformycin do not significantly inhibit adenosine deaminase (K i &gt; 0.2 mᴍ), but are potent inhibitors of adenylate deaminase {K i ≤ 10 −9 ᴍ). Neither coformycin nor deoxycoformycin are inhibitors of mammalian purine nucleoside phosphorylase. The stabilities of coformycin, deoxycoformycin, and their 5′-phosphates, have been examined as a function of pH, and nature of the buffer medium. In particular, all exhibit instability in acid and neutral media, but are relatively stable in the vicinity of pH 9. Some biological aspects of the overall results are presented.
Efficient gene targeting mediated by a lentiviral vector-associated meganuclease (2011)

Gene targeting can be achieved with lentiviral vectors delivering donor sequences along with a nuclease that creates a locus-specific double-strand break (DSB). Therapeutic applications of this system would require an appropriate control of the amount of endonuclease delivered to the target cells, and potentially toxic sustained expression must be avoided. Here, we show that the nuclease can be transferred into cells as a protein associated with a lentiviral vector particle. I-SceI, a prototypic meganuclease from yeast, was incorporated into the virions as a fusion with Vpr, an HIV accessory protein. Integration-deficient lentiviral vectors containing the donor sequences and the I-SceI fusion protein were tested in reporter cells in which targeting events were scored by the repair of a puromycin resistance gene. Molecular analysis of the targeted locus indicated a 2-fold higher frequency of the expected recombination event when the nuclease was delivered as a protein rather than encoded by a separate vector. In both systems, a proportion of clones displayed multiple integrated copies of the donor sequences, either as tandems at the targeted locus or at unrelated loci. These integration patterns were dependent upon the mode of meganuclease delivery, suggesting distinct recombination processes.
Hippocampal slice cultures integrated with multi‐electrode arrays: a model for study of long‐term drug effects on synaptic activity (2007)

Abstract Technological limitations have restricted the ability to determine chronic drug effects on synaptic function from in vitro preparations. In earlier studies, the extracellular recording duration was limited to less than 10 h and only a distinct population of neurons was examined. To address these limitations, we used organotypic hippocampal slice cultures integrated with planar multi‐electrode arrays (MEA‐OHSC), which permitted within‐slice comparisons and examination of long‐term changes across multiple populations of neurons. Long‐term potentiation (LTP) is a widely accepted measure of synaptic plasticity, and is believed to be a cellular mechanism underlying learning and memory. Amyloid‐β protein (Aβ) is a 40–42 amino acid peptide that is the primary element of senile plaques, a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In contrast to earlier studies, MEA‐OHSCs allowed for long‐term administration of Aβ 1–42 to more closely model the chronic nature of AD pathogenesis. Prior to Aβ 1–42 exposure, the CA1 region displayed robust potentiation, but afterwards the ability to induce LTP was nearly absent. Spatial analysis illustrated, for the first time, the substantial area of LTP induction, and clearly showed the global loss of this plasticity after long‐term Aβ exposure. The MEA‐OHSC model characterized here presents an ideal platform for examining the effects chronic exposure of a bioactive compound can have on a cellular correlate of memory. This model could also be used to screen potential therapeutics that may influence synaptic activity. Drug Dev Res 68:84–93, 2007. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.; Canadian Crown Copyright
Immunization with advanced glycation end products modified low density lipoprotein inhibits atherosclerosis progression in diabetic apoE and LDLR null mice (2014)

Subcutaneous immunization with AGE-LDL significantly inhibits atherosclerosis progression in hyperlipidemic diabetic mice possibly through activation of specific humoral and cell mediated immune responses and metabolic control improvement.
Polyethylene Glycol Modification: Relevance of Improved Methodology to Tumour Targeting (1996)

Of all the polymers applied to molecule altering structural chemistry, polyethylene glycol (PEG) modification has numerous benefits and relatively few drawbacks. PEG is now increasingly being applied to the problems of tumour targeting, both in the context of the passive targeting of PEG-liposomes and in active targeting strategies using PEGylated anti-tumour antibodies. PEG can also serve as a useful linker molecule between targeting moieties and other agents, including cytotoxic or imaging agents and targeted liposomes. Despite these demonstrated benefits and the level of attention which PEGylation has received, relatively little consideration has been given to two key areas: first, the extent to which the coupling method has an impact on both the functionality of the PEG-adduct and the acquisition of beneficial properties; second, that the impact of PEGylation on biodistribution is complex, thus any attempt to optimise a PEG-peptide or PEG-liposome for a particular task must involve an examination of all the individual facets of the effects of PEGylation. Studies investigating the underlying principles of tumour targeting suggest that current views concerning the optimisation of PEGylated vehicles for tumour localisation need to be re-examined.