gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Logically rearrangeable multihop lightwave networks (1991)

The optimization problem of rearrangeable multihop lightwave networks is considered. The authors formulate the flow and wavelength assignment problem, when minimizing the maximum flow in the network, as a mixed integer optimization problem subject to linear constraints. The problem is decomposed into two independent subproblems, the wavelength assignment (or connectivity problem) and the flow assignment (or routing problem). A simple heuristic provides a meaningful formulation to the connectivity problem, in a form similar to a transportation problem. An algorithm is then proposed which finds a heuristic initial logical connectivity diagram and the corresponding routing, and then iterates from that solution by applying branch-exchange operations to the connectivity diagram. The algorithm was tested on illustrative traffic matrices for an 8 node network with two transmitters and two receivers per node, and an improvement in achievable throughput over the Perfect Shuffle interconnection pattern was shown in all cases.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Selection conditions affect the evolution of specific mutations in the reverse transcriptase gene associated with resistance to DMP 266 (1996)

High-level resistance to DMP 266 may develop by at least two pathways and experimental conditions influence the genotype selected. The continued absence of detectable virus in the PBMC cultures grown at 0.96 microM is supportive evidence that maintaining trough plasma levels of DMP 266 which result in sustained antiviral activity in vivo may delay emergence of highly resistant viral variants. Confirmation of this hypothesis will require clinical trials.
Directed evolution of three-finger toxin to produce serine protease inhibitors (2013)

Directed evolution is a very popular strategy for improving biophysical properties and even for generating proteins with novel functions. Recent advances in combinatorial protein engineering mean it is now possible to develop protein scaffolds that could substitute for whole antibody-associated properties as emerging therapeutic proteins. In particular, disulfide-rich proteins are attractive templates for directed evolution in the search for novel molecules because they can regulate the activities of receptors, enzymes, and other molecules. Previously, we demonstrated that functional regulatory molecules against interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) could be obtained by directed evolution of the three-finger toxin (3F) scaffold. In the present study, trypsin was selected as a target for directed evolution to further explore the potential use of the 3F cDNA display library. After seven rounds of selection, the DNA sequences converged. The recombinant proteins produced by the selected candidates had inhibitory activity against trypsin (Ki of 33-450 nM). Three of the six groups had Ki values that were comparable to bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor and soybean trypsin inhibitor. Two of the candidates also had inhibitory effects against chymotrypsin and kallikrein. This study suggests that 3F protein is suitable for the preparation of high-diversity libraries that can be utilized to obtain protease inhibitors. In addition to our previous successful targeting of IL-6R, the technique developed in our studies may have wide applications in the generation of regulatory molecules for targets of interest, such as receptors, enzymes for research, diagnostic applications, and therapeutic uses.
Birthweight‐discordance and differences in early parenting relate to monozygotic twin differences in behaviour problems and academic achievement at age 7 (2006)

This longitudinal monozygotic (MZ) twin differences study explored associations between birthweight and early family environment and teacher-rated behaviour problems and academic achievement at age 7. MZ differences in anxiety, hyperactivity, conduct problems, peer problems and academic achievement correlated significantly with MZ differences in birthweight and early family environment, showing effect sizes of up to 2%. As predicted by earlier research, associations increased at the extremes of discordance, even in a longitudinal, cross-rater design, with effect sizes reaching as high as 12%. As with previous research some of these non-shared environmental (NSE) relationships appeared to operate partly as a function of SES, family chaos and maternal depression. Higher-risk families generally showed stronger negative associations.
Isolation and chromosomal localization of cDNAs encoding a novel human lymphocyte cell surface molecule, LAM-1. Homology with the mouse lymphocyte homing receptor and other human adhesion proteins. (1989)

A cDNA encoding a new human lymphocyte cell surface molecule has been isolated and shown to identify a fourth member of a recently discovered family of adhesion proteins. This lymphocyte-associated molecule (LAM-1) is uniquely composed of multiple distinct domains, one domain homologous with animal lectins, one homologous with epidermal growth factor, and two short consensus repeat units similar to those found in C3/C4 binding proteins. This cDNA clone hybridized with RNAs found in B cell lines and T lymphocytes, but not with RNA from other cell types. The amino acid sequence of LAM-1 is 77% homologous with the sequence of the mouse lymphocyte homing receptor, suggesting that LAM-1 may function in human lymphocyte adhesion. The LAM-1 gene is located on chromosome 1q23-25, as is another member of this adhesion family, suggesting that this new family of proteins may be encoded by a cluster of "adhesion protein" loci.
Primary rat muscle progenitor cells have decreased proliferation and myotube formation during passages (2004)

Adult skeletal muscle contains populations of satellite cells and muscle-derived stem cells that are capable of forming multinucleate myotubes. The purpose of this study was to determine the phenotype of cells isolated from a common satellite cell isolation and passaging procedure from whole skeletal muscle. To ascertain the characteristics of the cellular phenotype, the myogenic markers MyoD and desmin, the satellite-cell-specific marker Pax7, and the haemopoietic stem cell markers CD34 and CD45 were examined by immunohistochemical analysis. Immediately after isolation, > 90% myogenic marker-positive cells were positive for desmin, MyoD and Pax7. In contrast, approximately 10% of the isolated cells expressed only CD34 or CD45. After three passages, the percentage of cells that were positive for the myogenic markers desmin, MyoD and Pax7 was reduced to approximately 55%, while the population of CD34- or CD45-positive cells increased to approximately 30% after the third passage. Immunohistochemical detection of bromodeoxyuridine demonstrated that the number of proliferating cells decreased progressively after each passaging. Finally, after the third passage the percentage of nuclei in myotubes decreased from 46.7% to 12.5%. Since passaging of muscle progenitor cells is common practice, the results of the current report suggest that characterization of cell heterogeneity needs to be made frequently.
Plasma Phospholipid Concentration of Cis -Palmitoleic Acid and Risk of Heart Failure (2012)

Our data showed a positive association between plasma phospholipid cis- palmitoleic acid and heart failure risk in male physicians.
Learning Dense Correspondence via 3D-Guided Cycle Consistency (2016)

Discriminative deep learning approaches have shown impressive results for problems where human-labeled ground truth is plentiful, but what about tasks where labels are difficult or impossible to obtain? This paper tackles one such problem: establishing dense visual correspondence across different object instances. For this task, although we do not know what the ground-truth is, we know it should be consistent across instances of that category. We exploit this consistency as a supervisory signal to train a convolutional neural network to predict cross-instance correspondences between pairs of images depicting objects of the same category. For each pair of training images we find an appropriate 3D CAD model and render two synthetic views to link in with the pair, establishing a correspondence flow 4-cycle. We use ground-truth synthetic-to-synthetic correspondences, provided by the rendering engine, to train a ConvNet to predict synthetic-to-real, real-to-real and real-to-synthetic correspondences that are cycle-consistent with the ground-truth. At test time, no CAD models are required. We demonstrate that our end-to-end trained ConvNet supervised by cycle-consistency outperforms state-of-the-art pairwise matching methods in correspondence-related tasks.
α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Stimulates Oxytocin Release from the Dendrites of Hypothalamic Neurons While Inhibiting Oxytocin Release from Their Terminals in the Neurohypophysis (2003)

The peptides α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and oxytocin, when administered centrally, produce similar behavioral effects. α-MSH induces Fos expression in supraoptic oxytocin neurons, and α-MSH melanocortin-4 receptors (MC4Rs) are highly expressed in the supraoptic nucleus, suggesting that α-MSH and oxytocin actions are not independent. Here we investigated the effects of α-MSH on the activity of supraoptic neurons. We confirmed that α-MSH induces Fos expression in the supraoptic nucleus when injected centrally and demonstrated that α-MSH also stimulates Fos expression in the nucleus when applied locally by retrodialysis. Thus α-MSH-induced Fos expression is not associated with electrophysiological excitation of supraoptic neurons because central injection of α-MSH or selective MC4 receptor agonists inhibited the electrical activity of oxytocin neurons in the supraoptic nucleus recorded in vivo . Consistent with these observations, oxytocin secretion into the bloodstream decreased after central injection of α-MSH. However, MC4R ligands induced substantial release of oxytocin from dendrites in isolated supraoptic nuclei. Because dendritic oxytocin release can be triggered by changes in [Ca 2+ ] i , we measured [Ca 2+ ] i responses in isolated supraoptic neurons and found that MC4R ligands induce a transient [Ca 2+ ] i increase in oxytocin neurons. This response was still observed in low extracellular Ca 2+ concentration and probably reflects mobilization of [Ca 2+ ] i from intracellular stores rather than entry via voltage-gated channels. Taken together, these results show for the first time that a peptide, here α-MSH, can induce differential regulation of dendritic release and systemic secretion of oxytocin, accompanied by dissociation of Fos expression and electrical activity.
Scanometric DNA Array Detection with Nanoparticle Probes (2000)

A method for analyzing combinatorial DNA arrays using oligonucleotide-modified gold nanoparticle probes and a conventional flatbed scanner is described here. Labeling oligonucleotide targets with nanoparticle rather than fluorophore probes substantially alters the melting profiles of the targets from an array substrate. This difference permits the discrimination of an oligonucleotide sequence from targets with single nucleotide mismatches with a selectivity that is over three times that observed for fluorophore-labeled targets. In addition, when coupled with a signal amplification method based on nanoparticle-promoted reduction of silver(I), the sensitivity of this scanometric array detection system exceeds that of the analogous fluorophore system by two orders of magnitude.
Multidimensional Protein Profiling Technology and Its Application to Human Plasma Proteome (2004)

In clinical and diagnostic proteomics, it is essential to develop a comprehensive and robust system for proteome analysis. Although multidimensional liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) systems have been recently developed as powerful tools especially for identification of protein complexes, these systems still some drawbacks in their application to clinical research that requires an analysis of a large number of human samples. Therefore, in this study, we have constructed a technically simple and high throughput protein profiling system comprising a two-dimensional (2D)-LC/MS/MS system which integrates both a strong cation exchange (SCX) chromatography and a μLC/MS/MS system with micro-flowing reversed-phase chromatography. Using the μLC/MS/MS system as the second dimensional chromatography, SCX separation has been optimized as an off-line first dimensional peptide fractionation. To evaluate the performance of the constructed 2D-LC/MS/MS system, the results of detection and identification of proteins were compared using digests mixtures of 6 authentic proteins with those obtained using one-dimensional μLC/MS/MS system. The number of peptide fragments detected and the coverage of protein sequence were found to be more than double through the use of our newly built 2D-LC/MS/MS system. Furthermore, this multidimensional protein profiling system has been applied to plasma proteome in order to examine its feasibility for clinical proteomics. The experimental results revealed the identification of 174 proteins from one serum sample depleted HSA and IgG which corresponds to only 1 μL of plasma, and the total analysis run time was less than half a day, indicating a fairly high possibility of practicing clinical proteomics in a high throughput manner. Keywords: proteomics • human plasma • multidimensional chromatography • μLC/MS/MS
Mild Cerebral Hypothermia during and after Cardiac Arrest Improves Neurologic Outcome in Dogs (1990)

We previously found mild hypothermia (34-36 degrees C), induced before cardiac arrest, to improve neurologic outcome. In this study we used a reproducible dog model to evaluate mild hypothermia by head cooling during arrest, continued with systemic cooling (34 degrees C) during recirculation and for 1 h after arrest. In four groups of dogs, ventricular fibrillation (no flow) of 12.5 min at 37.5 degrees C was reversed with cardiopulmonary bypass and defibrillation in less than or equal to 5 min, and followed by controlled ventilation to 20 h and intensive care to 96 h. In Study A we resuscitated with normotension and normal hematocrit; Control Group A-I (n = 12) was maintained normothermic, while Treatment Group A-II (n = 10) was treated with hypothermia. In Study B we resuscitated with hypertension and hemodilution. Control Group B-I (n = 12) was maintained normothermic (6 of 12 were not hemodiluted), while Treatment Group B-II (n = 10) was treated with hypothermia. Best overall performance categories (OPCs) achieved between 24 and 96 h postarrest were in Group A-I: OPC 1 (normal) in 0 of 12 dogs, OPC 2 (moderate disability) in 2, OPC 3 (severe disability) in 7, and OPC 4 (coma) in 3 dogs. In Group A-II, OPC 1 was achieved in 5 of 10 dogs (p less than 0.01), OPC 2 in 4 (p less than 0.001), OPC 3 in 1, and OPC 4 in 0 dogs. In Group B-I, OPC 1 was achieved in 0 of 12 dogs, OPC 2 in 6, OPC 3 in 5, and OPC 4 in 1 dog. In Group B-II, OPC 1 was achieved in 6 of 10 dogs (p less than 0.01), OPC 2 in 4 (p less than 0.05), and OPC 3 or 4 in 0 dogs. Mean neurologic deficit and brain histopathologic damage scores showed similar significant group differences. Morphologic myocardial damage scores were the same in all four groups. We conclude that mild brain cooling during and after insult improves neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest.
Monitoring of Human Cytomegalovirus Infections and Ganciclovir Treatment in Heart Transplant Recipients by Determination of Viremia, Antigenemia, and DNAemia (1991)

Fourteen heart transplant recipients were monitored for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection based on determination of antigenemia, viremia, and DNAemia (by polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) in peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL). Three patients had symptomatic primary, 10 had recurrent (3 asymptomatic), and 1 (seronegative) had no HCMV infection. Severe clinical symptoms appeared when levels of viremia/antigenemia were greater than 50 infected PMNL/2 x 10(5) cells examined. Of 200 blood samples examined, 93 (46.5%) were positive for viremia/antigenemia and DNAemia, whereas 48 (24.0%) were positive for DNAemia only; 59 (29.5%) were negative in all assays. Follow-up of HCMV infections in heart transplant recipients showed that PCR can detect viral appearance in blood 7-10 days earlier than assays for antigenemia/viremia. On the other hand, viral disappearance from blood, as assessed by PCR, occurred weeks or months later than revealed by other assays. Detection of virus by PCR only was never associated with overt HCMV-related clinical symptoms. Of the 8 symptomatic patients treated with ganiclovir, 2 became PCR-negative at the end of treatment and 1 cleared virus from blood in the following weeks, whereas 5 showed persistent or recurrent infection.
Lymphangitis occurring after intralesional Candida antigen injection for verruca vulgaris (2016)

Verruca vulgaris is a common dermatological disease with many treatment options including destructive modalities and more recently, immunotherapy. Intralesional injections of Candida antigen have been described as a safe and effective treatment with the most common adverse reactions including local reactions (burning, blistering, peeling), local erythema, and pain at the injection site. We describe the first reported case of lymphangitis after intralesional Candida antigen injection for verruca vulgaris in a healthy 18-year-old woman. The lymphangitis rapidly resolved with ibuprofen and cold compresses. Physicians should be aware of this potential adverse reaction when using this treatment modality and should be familiar with appropriate treatment of subsequent lymphangitis.
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis and chromosome analysis of blastomeres using comparative genomic hybridization (2004)

Numerical chromosome errors are known to be common in early human embryos and probably make a significant contribution to early pregnancy loss and implantation failure in IVF patients. Over recent years fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) has been used to document embryonic aneuploidies. Many IVF laboratories perform preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) with FISH to select embryos that are free from some aneuploidies in an attempt to improve implantation, pregnancy and live birth rates in particular categories of IVF patients. The usefulness of FISH is limited because only a few chromosomes can be detected simultaneously in a single biopsied cell. Complete karyotyping at the single cell level can now be achieved by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). CGH enables not only enumeration of all chromosomes but gives a more complete picture of the entire length of each chromosome and has demonstrated that chromosomal breakages and partial aneuploidies exist in embryos. CGH has provided invaluable information about the extent of mosaicism and aneuploidy of all chromosomes in early human conceptuses. CGH has been applied to clinical PGD and has resulted in the birth of healthy babies from embryos whose full karyotype was determined in the preimplantation phase.
Study of biomineralization of poly(vinyl alcohol)‐based scaffolds using an alternate soaking approach (2006)

Abstract The present work adds to the continuing efforts of designing a natural bone‐like structure by synthesizing a semi‐interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) of poly(vinyl alcohol)–poly[(acrylic acid)‐ co ‐acrylonitrile] and impregnating hydroxyapatite (HAP) into the polymer matrix by an alternate soaking process. The prepared HAP–polymer scaffolds were characterized using techniques like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and environmental scanning electron microscopy. The biomineralized semi‐IPN was evaluated for water sorption capacity and the data were utilized for calculating network parameters such as average molecular weight between crosslinks ( M c ) and crosslink density ( q ). The impregnated HAP was quantified as a function of the chemical architecture of the semi‐IPN, number of reaction cycles and temperature of the swelling bath. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Data organization and access for efficient data mining (1999)

Efficient mining of data presents a significant challenge, due to problems of combinatorial explosion in the space and time often required for such processing. While previous work has focused on improving the efficiency of the mining algorithms, we consider how the representation, organization, and access of the data may significantly affect performance, especially when I/O costs are also considered. By a simple analysis and comparison of the counting stage for the a priori association rules algorithm, we show that a "column-wise" approach to data access is often more efficient than the standard row-wise approach. We also provide the results of empirical simulations to validate our analysis. The key idea in our approach is that counting in the a priori algorithm with data accessed in a column-wise manner, significantly reduces the number of disk accesses required to identify itemsets with a minimum support in the database-primarily by reducing the degree to which data and counters need to be repeatedly brought into memory.
Dispute Resolution Choices: A Comparison of Family Dispute Resolution, Family Law Conferencing Services and Collaborative Law (2010)

Separating couples who require assistance with disputes over property or arrangements for their children now have a range of different dispute resolution services to choose from. To contrast the work of family dispute resolution services with collaborative law and family law conferencing, we sought the views of family dispute resolution practitioners from Chadstone Family Relationship Centre, Legal Aid Queensland lawyers involved in family law conferencing, and collaborative law practitioner, Caroline Counsel, as to how collaborative law practice differs from what FRCs and legal aid can provide.
Identification of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in Canada (2003)

SARS is a condition associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. It appears to be of viral origin, with patterns suggesting droplet or contact transmission. The role of human metapneumovirus, a novel coronavirus, or both requires further investigation.
<title>Volume rendering for interactive 3D segmentation</title> (1997)

Combined emission/absorption and reflection/transmission volume rendering is able to display poorly segmented structures from 3D medical image sequences. Visual cues such as shading and color let the user distinguish structures in the 3D display that are incompletely extracted by threshold segmentation. In order to be truly helpful, analyzed information needs to be quantified and transferred back into the data. We extend our previously presented scheme for such display be establishing a communication between visual analysis and the display process. The main tool is a selective 3D picking device. For being useful on a rather rough segmentation, the device itself and the display offer facilities for object selection. Selective intersection planes let the user discard information prior to choosing a tissue of interest. Subsequently, a picking is carried out on the 2D display by casting a ray into the volume. The picking device is made pre-selective using already existing segmentation information. Thus, objects can be picked that are visible behind semi-transparent surfaces of other structures. Information generated by a later connected- component analysis can then be integrated into the data. Data examination is continued on an improved display letting the user actively participate in the analysis process. Results of this display-and-interaction scheme proved to be very effective. The viewer's ability to extract relevant information form a complex scene is combined with the computer's ability to quantify this information. The approach introduces 3D computer graphics methods into user- guided image analysis creating an analysis-synthesis cycle for interactive 3D segmentation.