gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Using Multiple Approaches for Identifying Emerging Invasive Species: The Case of the Rasberry Crazy Ant in the United States (2012)

In the past decade, Houston, Texas has been virtually overrun by an unidentified ant species, the sudden appearance and enormous population sizes and densities of which have received national media attention. The Rasberry Crazy Ant, as it has become known due to its uncertain species status, has since spread to neighboring states and is still a major concern to pest control officials. Previous attempts at identifying this species have resulted in widely different conclusions in regards to its native range, source, and biology. We identify this highly invasive pest species as Nylanderia fulva (Mayr) using morphometric data measured from 14 characters, molecular sequence data consisting of 4,669 aligned nucleotide sites from six independent loci and comparison with type specimens. This identification will allow for the study and control of this emerging pest species to proceed unencumbered by taxonomic uncertainty. We also show that N. fulva has a much wider distribution than previously thought and has most likely invaded all of the Gulf Coast states.
Direct estimation of aberrating delays in pulse-echo imaging systems (1990)

Nearfield fluctuations in wave propagation velocity and system timing errors are among the sources of focusing aberrations in pulse-echo imaging systems. For situations in which the source of these errors can be modeled by a stationary phase aberrator placed in front of the transmitter and receiver aperture, appropriate electronic delays might be applied to the signals associated with each array element in order to restore the system to focus. A method is described and evaluated for estimating the set of aberrating delays in a linear array utilizing data from a single two-dimensional scan. The underlying principle is analogous to that of phase closure used for one-way passive interferometry and readily generalizes to two-dimensional arrays. Although the following theory is developed in the context of acoustic imaging, the general approach is applicable to other pulse-echo systems, such as radar.
Characterization of immortal cystic fibrosis tracheobronchial gland epithelial cells. (1992)

Tracheobronchial glands were isolated and cultured from a patient with cystic fibrosis (CF). Cultured epithelial cells were transformed with pSVori-. All transformed cell lines express cytokeratin filaments and at early passages express the junctional complex molecule cell CAM 120/80, indicating their epithelial origin. Several gland cell lines express antigens that localize to secretory cells in vivo. Cl- transport measured by 36Cl efflux shows that CF gland epithelial cells, like CF surface airway and nasal polyp epithelial cells, are unable to respond to increases in intracellular cAMP. However, they do produce an increase in intracellular cAMP after treatment with isoproterenol or forskolin. One CF gland cell line shows increased intracellular calcium in response to a number of agents and increased Cl- efflux comparable to that observed in a non-CF airway surface epithelial cell line after addition of calcium ionophore. All cell lines express CF transmembrane conductance regulator mRNA, as measured by PCR amplification of first-strand cDNA. The CF tracheobronchial gland cell lines described here are compound heterozygotes, having a single copy of the delta F508 mutation.
Inherited frontotemporal dementia in nine British families associated with intronic mutations in the tau gene (2002)

Genetic screening of 171 patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration disclosed 14 patients, across nine pedigrees, with mutations in the intron to exon 10 in the tau gene, a region regulating the splicing of exon 10 via a stem loop mechanism. Thirteen of these patients had the +16 splice site mutation and one had the +13 splice site mutation. Affected members of all nine families presented with changes in behaviour and social conduct that were prototypical of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). In all patients with the +16 splice site mutation, the behavioural profile was characterized by disinhibition, restless overactivity, a fatuous affect, puerile behaviour and verbal and motor stereotypies. The single patient with the +13 mutation presented a contrasting picture of apathy and inertia. In addition, all patients had evidence of semantic loss. Pathologically, five of the six patients so far autopsied shared frontotemporal atrophy with involvement of the substantia nigra. The underlying histology was that of microvacuolar-type cortical degeneration with a few swollen cells. Tau pathology was widespread throughout the brain and present in neurones and glial cells, mostly in the frontal and temporal cortical regions. This was in the form of neurofibrillary tangles and amorphous tau deposits (pre-tangles); Pick bodies were not observed. Ultrastructurally, the tau filaments had a twisted, ribbon-like morphology distinct from the paired helical filaments of Alzheimer's disease. One patient died from an unrelated illness whilst in the early clinical stages of FTD. In this patient, cortical microvacuolar and astrocytic changes were absent, though there were scattered neurones and glial cells, immunoreactive to tau, throughout the cortical and subcortical regions. The disease process underlying the neurodegeneration within these inherited forms of FTD may therefore stem directly from early, primary alterations in the function of tau. All eight families with the +16 mutation seem to be part of a common extended pedigree, possibly originating from a founder member residing within the North Wales region of Great Britain.
Model-based hand tracking using a hierarchical Bayesian filter (2006)

This paper sets out a tracking framework, which is applied to the recovery of three-dimensional hand motion from an image sequence. The method handles the issues of initialization, tracking, and recovery in a unified way. In a single input image with no prior information of the hand pose, the algorithm is equivalent to a hierarchical detection scheme, where unlikely pose candidates are rapidly discarded. In image sequences, a dynamic model is used to guide the search and approximate the optimal filtering equations. A dynamic model is given by transition probabilities between regions in parameter space and is learned from training data obtained by capturing articulated motion. The algorithm is evaluated on a number of image sequences, which include hand motion with self-occlusion in front of a cluttered background.
Spacetime ray tracing for animation (1988)

Techniques for the efficient ray tracing of animated scenes are presented. They are based on two central concepts: spacetime ray tracing, and a hybrid adaptive space subdivision/boundary volume technique for generating efficient, nonoverlapping hierarchies of bounding volumes. In spacetime ray tracing, static objects are rendered in 4-D space-time using 4-D analogs to 3-D techniques. The bounding volume hierarchy combines elements of adaptive space subdivision and bounding volume techniques. The quality of hierarchy and its nonoverlapping character make it an improvement over previous algorithms, because both attributes reduce the number of ray/object intersections that must be computed. These savings are amplified in animation because of the much higher cost of computing ray/object intersections for motion-blurred animation. It is shown that it is possible to ray trace large animations more quickly with space-time ray tracing using this hierarchy than with straightforward frame-by-frame rendering.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Therapeutic Trials on Progressive Muscular Dystrophy. (1992)

The special medical care in the National Sanatorium prolonged the life span of the patients with progressive muscular dystrophy from 15.8 years to 20.4 years over the last 20 years. Various new drug trials for muscular dystrophy have been implemented in the last 12 years in Japan. Bestatin and Loxistatin, protease inhibitors, showed definite improvement on dystrophic mice or hamsters, animal models of muscular dystrophy. However clinical application of these drugs failed to prove the effects on patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The difficulty of clinical evaluation and judgement of effects in progressive neurological diseases is discussed.
Kerberos: An Authentication Service for Open Network Systems (1988)

In an open network computing environment, a workstation cannot be trusted to identify its users correctly to network services. Kerberos provides an alternative approach whereby a trusted third-party authentication service is used to verify users’ identities. This paper gives an overview of the Kerberos authentication model as implemented for MIT’s Project Athena. It describes the protocols used by clients, servers, and Kerberos to achieve authentication. It also describes the management and replication of the database required. The views of Kerberos as seen by the user, programmer, and administrator are described. Finally, the role of Kerberos in the larger Athena picture is given, along with a list of applications that presently use Kerberos for user authentication. We describe the addition of Kerberos authentication to the Sun Network File System as a case study for integrating Kerberos with an existing application.
Anti-class a scavenger receptor autoantibodies from systemic lupus erythematosus patients impair phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages in vitro (2011)

Our results indicated that autoantibodies to class A scavenger receptors might contribute to the breakdown of self-tolerance by impairing the clearance of apoptotic debris and play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease, especially in SLE.
Increased Susceptibility to Ischemic Brain Injury in Cyclooxygenase-1–Deficient Mice (2001)

Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), a rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of prostanoids, is involved in selected vasodilatatory responses of the cerebral circulation. Cyclooxygenase-1-null mice were used to determine whether COX-1 influences cerebral ischemic damage. The middle cerebral artery was occluded in COX-1 -/- and +/+ mice (n = 9/group), and lesion volume was determined in thionin-stained sections 24 or 96 hours later. Middle cerebral artery occlusion produced larger infarcts in COX-1 -/- mice, both at 24 (35 +/- 17%; P < 0.05) and 96 hours (41 +/- 16%; P < 0.05) after ischemia. The enlargement was not due to increased susceptibility to glutamate excitotoxicity, because microinjection of N-methyl-D-aspartate or kainate in the parietal cortex produced comparable lesions in COX-1 +/+ and -/- mice ( P > 0.05; n = 8/group). To examine the contribution of hemodynamic factors to the enlargement of the infarct, cerebral blood flow was monitored by laser-Doppler flowmetry in the ischemic territory (n = 6/group). Although the reduction in cerebral blood flow was comparable in the ischemic core ( P > 0.05), at the periphery of the ischemic territory the reduction was greater in COX-1 -/- mice (-58 +/- 4%) than in COX-1 +/+ mice (-34 +/- 5%; P < 0.05). It is concluded that mice lacking COX-1 are more susceptible to focal cerebral ischemia, an effect that can be attributed to a more severe cerebral blood flow reduction in vulnerable regions at the periphery of the ischemic territory. Thus, the vascular effects of COX-1 may contribute to maintain cerebral blood flow in the postischemic brain and, as such, play a protective role in ischemic brain injury.
Mice develop normally without tenascin. (1992)

Tenascin, an extracellular matrix protein, is expressed in an unusually restricted pattern during embryogenesis and has been implicated in a variety of morphogenetic phenomena. To directly assess the function of tenascin in vivo, we generated mutant mice in which the tenascin gene was nully disrupted by replacing it with the lacZ gene. In mutant mice, lacZ was expressed in place of tenascin, and no tenascin product was detected. Homozygous mutant mice were, however, obtained in accordance with Mendelian laws, and both females and males produced offspring normally. No anatomical or histological abnormalities were detected in any tissues, and no major changes were observed in distribution of fibronectin, laminin, collagen, and proteoglycan. The existence of these mutant mice, lacking tenascin yet phenotypically normal, casts doubt on the theory that tenascin plays and essential role in normal development.
Lithium Bis(oxalato)borate Stabilizes Graphite Anode in Propylene Carbonate (2002)

This paper summarizes the preliminary results of our recent finding that lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB) can effectively stabilize graphitic anode materials in neat propylene carbonate (PC) while supporting reversible lithium ion intercalation/deintercalation, a unique behavior hitherto unobserved for any electrolyte salts. This ability of LiBOB to protect graphite from exfoliation in PC offers unprecedented flexibility for the efforts of reformulating lithium-ion electrolytes, where the displacement of the high melting solvent component ethylene carbonate by PC is no longer restricted by the concern of PC instability on graphitic anode surface. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Analytical Methods for Breath Investigation (2009)

Breath analysis is a non-invasive, painless and attractive diagnostic method without risk to the patients. It has been recommended as a convenient and complementary method for blood and urine analysis. Despite the advantages, breath analysis has not been introduced to medical diagnosis. Only few specific breath tests are available: ethanol in breath after alcohol ingestion, detection of 13CO2 for diagnosis of H. pylori, NO test for evaluation of asthma and capnography, which is commonly used in intensive care and anesthesia. However, there has been an increase, notice in the interest of exhaled breath analysis, especially for the purpose of early cancer diagnosis. It is mainly the result of chromatographic methods development, which has been achieved in the last twenty years. The up-to-date methods of separation and detection of volatile organic compounds allow for achieving low detection limits and high precision of measurements. Sample pre-concentration methods, such as solid sorbents combined with thermal desorption or solid phase microextraction, also have significant importance. Great expectations are also connected with the development of techniques allowing on-line monitoring of breath, directly at the patient bed. This review depicts the issues connected with breath analysis. The main focus has been placed on technical and apparatus aspects. Analytical procedures concerning sample taking, Pre-concentration and analytical techniques have been also discussed.
An Analysis of Early Renal Transplant Protocol Biopsies – the High Incidence of Subclinical Tubulitis (2001)

To investigate the possibility that we have been underestimating the true incidence of acute rejection, we began to perform protocol biopsies after kidney transplantation. This analysis looks at the one-week biopsies. Between March 1 and October 1, 1999, 100 adult patients undergoing cadaveric kidney or kidney/pancreas transplantation, or living donor kidney transplantation, underwent 277 biopsies. We focused on the subset of biopsies in patients without delayed graft function (DGF) and with stable or improving renal function, who underwent a biopsy 8.2+/-2.6 d (range 3-18 d) after transplantation (n = 28). Six (21%) patients with no DGF and with stable or improving renal function had borderline histopathology, and 7 (25%) had acute tubulitis on the one-week biopsy. Of the 277 kidney biopsies, there was one (0.4%) serious hemorrhagic complication, in a patient receiving low molecular weight heparin; she ultimately recovered and has normal renal function. Her biopsy showed Banff 1B tubulitis. In patients with stable or improving renal allograft function early after transplantation, subclinical tubulitis may be present in a substantial number of patients. This suggests that the true incidence of rejection may be higher than is clinically appreciated.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐Hydroxy‐Substituted Pyrazolo[3,4‐c]‐ and Pyrazolo[4,3‐c]quinolines and ‐isoquinolines from 4‐ and 5‐Aryl‐Substituted 1‐Benzyloxypyrazoles. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Evaluation of the Usability of a Brief Computerized Cognitive Screening Test in Older People for Epidemiological Studies (2009)

This computerized test was shown to have good acceptability, efficiency and stability for the repeated assessment of cognitive function in older people. Together with its demonstrated sensitivity to cognitive impairment and cognitive change, these data suggest that it would be a useful tool for application in neuroepidemiological studies.
A parallel three stranded α‐helical bundle at the nucleation site of collagen triple‐helix formation (1994)

A short stretch of 35 amino acids is identified as the structural motif responsible for the tight parallel association and trimerization of the three identical polypeptide chains of lung surfactant protein D, which contains both collagen regions and C-type lectin domains. This 'neck-region' is located at the nucleation site at which the collagenous sequences fold into a staggered triple-helix and is shown, by CD, NMR, and cross-linking of recombinant peptides, to consist of a triple-stranded parallel alpha-helical bundle in a non-staggered, and extremely strong, non-covalent association. This type of association between three polypeptide chains may represent a common structural feature immediately following the C-terminal end of the triple-helical region of collagenous proteins.
DELIMITACIÓN ENTRE AUTORÍA Y PARTICIPACIÓN DELICTIVA (2020)

Este artículo explicó cómo se ha entendido en la doctrina penal panameña y extranjera la delimitación entre autoría y participación. Para lograr esto se hace un recorrido por las principales teorías al respecto. Primero se analizó la teoría objetivo-formal, luego la teoría material, posteriormente la teoría subjetiva y, finalmente, la teoría del dominio del hecho. Se utilizaron técnicas de revisión bibliográfica nacional e internacional. En la misma se llegó a la conclusión, entre otras, que la teoría del dominio del hecho es la dominante en la dogmática penal, sin embargo, la teoría subjetiva no ha sido superada totalmente, por lo que mantiene un nivel de aceptación; mientras que las teorías objetivas si fueron superadas.
Controversy regarding the need for prophylactic removal of impacted third molars: An overview. (2018)

Preventive removal of 3Ms at a young age is justified because retained 3Ms are at high risk of developing various pathologies. In addition, at older ages extraction of 3Ms becomes more complex, with an increased rate of complication due to deteriorated systemic physiologic conditions and changes in bone physiology.
ChemInform Abstract: A High‐Spin Cyanide‐Bridged Mn9W6 Cluster (S = 39/2) with a Full‐Capped Cubane Structure. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A review of the plasma oxidation of silicon and its applications (1993)

In recent years there has been an increasing trend towards 'dry' and 'cold' processing. The oxidation of silicon in an oxygen plasma allows the controlled growth of thin, high-quality films of silicon dioxide at temperatures down to room temperature in a clean vacuum environment. In this review the various experimental systems which have been reported in the literature over the last twenty-eight years are compared and contrasted. Physical properties of the oxides are found to be very similar to thermally grown films. The reported kinetics of plasma oxide growth are reviewed, together with the electrical and electronic properties of the grown oxide layers. Inductively coupled plasma oxidation is shown to have advantages over the other techniques, and some recent results obtained using this method are highlighted. The current and possible future applications of plasma oxidation for novel silicon and silicon-based device processing are discussed.
Online detection of error-related potentials boosts the performance of mental typewriters (2012)

The performance of BCIs can be increased by using an automatic error detection mechanism. The benefit for patients with motor disorders is potentially high since they often have rather low spelling accuracies compared to healthy people.
Benzylamide sulindac analogues induce changes in cell shape, loss of microtubules and G(2)-M arrest in a chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cell line and apoptosis in primary CLL cells. (2002)

Given our interest in cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), we studied the effects of sulindac sulfone (exisulind), a non- cyclooxygenase-inhibitory end metabolite of the NSAID sulindac that has been reported to inhibit cGMP phosphodiesterases. We focused on a novel benzylamide analogue of sulindac sulfone, CP461, which is in clinical trials as a chemotherapeutic agent. As previously reported for colon carcinoma cell lines, we found that CP461 induced a rise in cGMP levels and blocked cell proliferation in the CLL cell line WSU-CLL. Surprisingly, however, cell cycle analysis revealed that CP461 caused G(2)-M arrest with an EC(50) of 1.1 micro M. G(2)-M arrest was associated with phosphorylation of Bcl2 (but not BAD, Bax, or Bcl-XL): both of these end points were abrogated by treatment with a calcium chelator. Although CP461 induces p53 up-regulation, G(2)-M arrest and Bcl2 phosphorylation were independent of p53. Because microtubule-active drugs such as vincristine also induced G(2)-M arrest and Bcl2 phosphorylation in WSU-CLL, whereas the genotoxic drugs etoposide and doxorubicin did not, we examined the effect of CP461 on microtubules by indirect immunofluoresence microscopy. CP461 eliminated microtubules rapidly, with reduction detected within 30 min of drug treatment. CP461 also induced marked changes in cell shape. Neither sulindac sulfide (a cyclooxygenase inhibitor) nor sulindac sulfone induced G(2)-M arrest, Bcl2 phosphorylation, microtubule disassembly, or cell shape changes. Treatment with 30 micro M CP461 induced greater than 50% apoptosis in 10 of 10 primary CLL leukemic cell samples, whereas the same drug concentration had only marginal effects (14% apoptosis) on whole mononuclear cells. Our work demonstrates that addition of a benzylamide moiety to sulindac compounds results in markedly altered pharmacological properties that may be of use in the therapy of lymphoid malignancies.
An Evaluation of Neurocognitive Status and Markers of Immune Activation as Predictors of Time to Death in Advanced HIV Infection (2007)

In patients with advanced HIV infection, HIV-associated dementia is an independent predictor of time to death.