gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural studies of the scrapie prion protein using mass spectrometry and amino acid sequencing (1993)

The only component of the infectious scrapie prion identified to date is a protein designated PrPSc. A posttranslational process converts the cellular PrP isoform (PrPC) into PrPSc. Denatured PrPSc was digested with endoproteases, and the resulting fragments were isolated by HPLC. By both mass spectrometry and Edman sequencing, the primary structure of PrPSc was found to be the same as that deduced from the PrP gene sequence, arguing that neither RNA editing nor protein splicing feature in the synthesis of PrPSc. Mass spectrometry also was used to search for posttranslational chemical modifications other than the glycosylinositol phospholipid anchor attached to the C-terminus and two Asn-linked oligosaccharides already known to occur on both PrPSc and PrPC. These results contend that PrPSc molecules do not differ from PrPC at the level of an amino acid substitution or a posttranslational chemical modification; however, we cannot eliminate the possibility that a small fraction of PrPSc is modified by an as yet unidentified posttranslational process or that PrPC carries a modification that is removed in the formation of PrPSc. It seems likely that PrPSc differs from PrPC in its secondary and tertiary structure, but the possibility of a tightly bound, disease-specific molecule which purifies with PrPSc must also be considered.
424. Development of a Scalable Column Chromatography-Based Purification Process To Manufacure Empty Capsid-Free AAV Vectors (2004)

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) has shown great promise as a DNA-based biopharmaceutical agent to treat serious human diseases. In conjunction with efforts in pre-clinical and clinical development, there is a significant need to develop and implement manufacturing processes capable of consistently providing vectors of optimal purity, potency and safety. We have previously reported the development and implementation of a fully scalable rAAV purification process that enabled us to manufacture AAV vectors at a scale to support our clinical development programs. However, like many other reported column-based purification processes, the vectors purified in our second generation purification method contained significant levels of empty capsids. In consideration of the possible deleterious effects of empty capsids, a product-related impurity, on vector efficacy and safety, we have developed a scalable method to separate empty capsids from vector particles. While this separation has been historically achieved using density gradient ultracentrifugation, such methods are not preferred for scalable, cost-effective vector manufacturing. Instead, we have developed a column chromatograpy-based technique to separate empty capsids from DNA containing vector particles. AAV vectors expressing human coagulation factor IX (AAV-hFIX16) were produced using helper virus-free triple transfection of HEK293 cells in roller bottles, and purified using anion exchange chromatography. This empty capsid-containing material was used as the starting point to screen various ion exchange resins to identify conditions that could differentiate between empty and full AAV2 particles. These studies indicated that the surface characteristics of the two particle types are very similar. However, identification of subtle, pH-dependent differences in binding to selected resins, in conjunction the selective use of chaotropic agents, allowed us to separate these two populations effectively. Our data indicated that more than 90% of the empty particles were removed from the purified vector using this newly developed column chromatography technique, with approximately 60% recovery of the DNA-containing vector particles. This new column step, in combination with the column-based scalable method that we previously reported, now enables us to efficiently manufacture empty capsid-free recombinant AAV using a fully scalable process.
The multimedia object presentation manager of MINOS: a symmetric approach (1986)

Large multimedia data bases become feasible due to recent advances in hardware technology. A very important component of multimedia data base management systems will be the presentation manager which will be responsible for effective multimedia presentation and browsing on the screen of workstations. In this paper we present the functions provided for multimedia presentation and browsing in MINOS, a multimedia information system. The presentation and browsing capabilities provided make effective use of the capabilities of a modern workstation to increase the man-machine communication bandwidth. We regard voice as an important means of communication. Symmetric capabilities for text and voice browsing are provided.
Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Regulates β-Cell Survival and Function in Human Pancreatic Islets (2007)

TCF7L2 is required for maintaining GSIS and beta-cell survival. Changes in the level of active TCF7L2 in beta-cells from carriers of at-risk allele may be the reason for defective insulin secretion and progression of type 2 diabetes.
Adrenomedullin--what do we know 10 years since its discovery? (2005)

Adrenomedullin (ADM) is a 52-amino acid peptide with structural homology to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) initially isolated from human pheochromocytoma. ADM is synthesized by many mammalian tissues including the adrenal medulla, endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, myocardium and central nervous system. ADM binds to plasma membrane receptors composed of calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR), a member of serpentine receptor superfamily, and receptor activity modifying protein (RAMP) type 2 or 3. ADM has also some affinity for CGR(1) receptor composed of CRLR and RAMP1. ADM dilates blood vessels in both endothelium-dependent and independent manner and decreases systemic arterial pressure. Intrarenally administered ADM increases natriuresis by vascular and tubular mechanisms. In addition, ADM inhibits migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and attenuates myocardial remodelling by inhibiting protein synthesis in cardiomyocytes and proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts. ADM is expressed in various tissues from early stage of embryogenesis and is also synthesized in placenta, uterus and fetal membranes. Plasma ADM level is increased in arterial hypertension, acute coronary syndromes, heart failure, renal diseases and septic shock, being involved in the pathophysiology of these disorders. Experimental ADM treatment is beneficial in arterial and pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, septic shock and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Proadrenomedullin N-terminal peptide (PAMP) is another product of ADM gene which is co-secreted by ADM-producing tissues, with some effects similar and some opposite to ADM.
New developments in migraine prophylaxis (2003)

AbstractMigraine is a common neurological disorder that afflicts ≥ 12% of the adult US population. Severe, frequent and disabling attacks require effective prophylaxis. Traditional preventive drugs such as β-blockers, antidepressants and calcium antagonists, despite their documented efficacy, fail to offer relief for a significant proportion of migraine sufferers. Multiple threads of research over the last 15 years have led to the concept that migraine is generated from a hyperexcitable brain. This opens new perspectives in terms of preventive options, especially regarding the anticonvulsants agents. Additionally, different groups of substances, some of which nominated as non-orthodox agents, have been recently subjected to clinical trials and found to be effective. The aim of this review is to present and discuss the new options for migraine prevention.Keywordsmigrainepreventive treatmentprophylactic treatment
How Finsen's light cured lupus vulgaris (2005)

In 1903, Niels Ryberg Finsen was awarded the Nobel Prize for his invention of light therapy for skin tuberculosis (lupus vulgaris). The mechanism of action has not been shown; thus, we wanted to elucidate the mechanism of Finsen's light therapy. We measured radiation that could be transmitted through his lens systems and absorption of the stain solution filters in the lamps, and related the obtained results to the possible biological effects on Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Judged from transmission characteristics all tested lens systems were glass lenses (absorbing wavelength < 340 nm). The tested filters likewise absorbed wavelengths < 340 nm. The methylene blue solution used to absorb heat, blocked out wavelengths below 340 nm and between 550 and 700 nm. Furthermore, fluorescence of M. tuberculosis indicated the presence of porphyrins and HPLC analysis of sonicated M. marinum showed that coproporphyrin III was present, which highly justified that porphyrins were present in M. tuberculosis. Production of singlet oxygen through radiation of porphyrins with light of e.g. 400 nm seems to be a most plausible explanation why Finsen's therapy worked in spite of the lack of shortwave ultraviolet radiation, which Finsen believed was the most effective radiation for treating skin tuberculosis.
Use of a Blood Substitute to Determine Instantaneous Murine Right Ventricular Thickening With Optical Coherence Tomography (2002)

Optical imaging of the intact beating murine right ventricle was substantially improved by isovolumic blood replacement with a hemoglobin-based blood substitute. Although the current study has been directed toward imaging the murine heart, a blood substitute may be applied to various optical diagnostic and therapeutic techniques under investigation in cardiovascular medicine.
IMAC capture of recombinant protein from unclarified mammalian cell feed streams (2015)

Fusion-tag affinity chromatography is a key technique in recombinant protein purification. Current methods for protein recovery from mammalian cells are hampered by the need for feed stream clarification. We have developed a method for direct capture using immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) of hexahistidine (His6) tagged proteins from unclarified mammalian cell feed streams. The process employs radial flow chromatography with 300-500 μm diameter agarose resin beads that allow free passage of cells but capture His-tagged proteins from the feed stream; circumventing expensive and cumbersome centrifugation and/or filtration steps. The method is exemplified by Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell expression and subsequent recovery of recombinant His-tagged carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA); a heavily glycosylated and clinically relevant protein. Despite operating at a high NaCl concentration necessary for IMAC binding, cells remained over 96% viable after passage through the column with host cell proteases and DNA detected at ∼ 8 U/mL and 2 ng/μL in column flow-through, respectively. Recovery of His-tagged CEA from unclarified feed yielded 71% product recovery. This work provides a basis for direct primary capture of fully glycosylated recombinant proteins from unclarified mammalian cell feed streams.
Cell Therapy Attenuates Deleterious Ventricular Remodeling and Improves Cardiac Performance After Myocardial Infarction (2001)

Implanted skeletal myoblasts form viable grafts in infarcted myocardium, resulting in enhanced post-MI exercise capacity and contractile function and attenuated ventricular dilation. These data illustrate that syngeneic myoblast implantation after MI improves both in vivo and ex vivo indexes of global ventricular dysfunction and deleterious remodeling and suggests that cellular implantation may be beneficial after MI.
Presence of paraoxonase in human interstitial fluid (1997)

Human serum paraoxonase (PON1) is postulated to have anti-atherosclerotic properties through its ability to prevent lipid peroxide generation on LDL. However, in order to perform this role it must be present in interstitial fluid, to prevent LDL oxidation which takes place in the sub-intimal space of the artery wall. The PON1 activity in interstitial fluid was 15.7 (2.3-183.0) (median (range)) nmol/min/ml compared to 105.3 (74.6-323.9) nmol/min/ml in serum. The PON1 concentration in interstitial fluid was found to be 20.2 (1.1-78.1) microg/ml (median (range)) compared to 109.6 (11.1-485.7) microg/ml in serum. Interstitial fluid PON1 concentration was dependent on the interstitial fluid apo AI concentration (r = 0.690, P < 0.005) indicating PON1 remained associated with HDL. However, the ratio of PON1 concentration to apo AI was lower in interstitial fluid (0.60 +/- 0.20) than in the serum (0.95 +/- 0.18) (P < 0.001) indicating sequestration of PON1 in the sub-intimal space. Therefore, PON1 is present and active in interstitial fluid where it can perform its anti-atherosclerotic function.
Electric fields induced in cells in the bodies of amateur radio operators by their transmitting antennas (2000)

In this paper, an analytical study is made to determine the electric field induced in cells in the bodies of amateur radio operators by radiation from their respective transmitting antennas. Three types of antennas are considered and the electric field from each in the transmitting room of the operator is calculated. The electric field induced in the bodies of the operators is obtained with a cylindrical approximation of the body. The electric field induced in a cell in the central cross section of the body at f=60 MHz when the antenna radiates 1 kW is found to be as high as 50 V/m when the cell is near the surface. Due to skin effect, the field is much smaller in the interior of the body.
Evidence of Sequential Lift in Growth of Aligned Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Multilayers (2005)

We synthesized aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube multilayers by aerosol-assisted catalytic chemical vapor deposition through sequential injections of aerosols containing both carbon and catalyst precursors. Each sequence was traced by a specific duration or precursor mixture, with the carbon source being possibly enriched in (13)C isotope labels. We discovered that any sequence involved the growth of a new layer on the substrate surface, under any pre-existing one by lifting it up, giving definitive evidence of a base-growth mechanism.
Enoxaparin Prevents Death and Cardiac Ischemic Events in Unstable Angina/Non–Q-Wave Myocardial Infarction (1999)

Enoxaparin is superior to UFH for reducing a composite of death and serious cardiac ischemic events during the acute management of UA/NQMI patients without causing a significant increase in the rate of major hemorrhage. No further relative decrease in events occurred with outpatient enoxaparin treatment, but there was an increase in the rate of major hemorrhage.
Regulation of innate antiviral defenses through a shared repressor domain in RIG-I and LGP2 (2006)

RIG-I is an RNA helicase containing caspase activation and recruitment domains (CARDs). RNA binding and signaling by RIG-I are implicated in pathogen recognition and triggering of IFN-alpha/beta immune defenses that impact cell permissiveness for hepatitis C virus (HCV). Here we evaluated the processes that control RIG-I signaling. RNA binding studies and analysis of cells lacking RIG-I, or the related MDA5 protein, demonstrated that RIG-I, but not MDA5, efficiently binds to secondary structured HCV RNA to confer induction of IFN-beta expression. We also found that LGP2, a helicase related to RIG-I and MDA5 but lacking CARDs and functioning as a negative regulator of host defense, binds HCV RNA. In resting cells, RIG-I is maintained as a monomer in an autoinhibited state, but during virus infection and RNA binding it undergoes a conformation shift that promotes self-association and CARD interactions with the IPS-1 adaptor protein to signal IFN regulatory factor 3- and NF-kappaB-responsive genes. This reaction is governed by an internal repressor domain (RD) that controls RIG-I multimerization and IPS-1 interaction. Deletion of the RIG-I RD resulted in constitutive signaling to the IFN-beta promoter, whereas RD expression alone prevented signaling and increased cellular permissiveness to HCV. We identified an analogous RD within LGP2 that interacts in trans with RIG-I to ablate self-association and signaling. Thus, RIG-I is a cytoplasmic sensor of HCV and is governed by RD interactions that are shared with LGP2 as an on/off switch controlling innate defenses. Modulation of RIG-I/LGP2 interaction dynamics may have therapeutic implications for immune regulation.
Long-Term Anti-Nucleoprotein Cellular and Humoral Immunity Is Induced by Intramuscular Injection of Plasmid DNA Containing NP Gene (1993)

Cytolytic T-lymphocyte-mediated killing is thought to be an important effector mechanism in controlling viral infections. Recently, we reported that intramuscular injection of plasmid DNA containing the nucleoprotein (NP) gene of the influenza virus resulted in generating nucleoprotein-specific cytolytic T cells and antibodies. Gene-injected mice were subsequently protected from a lethal challenge with live influenza virus. Here we show that a single intramuscular injection of a small dose of nucleoprotein plasmid DNA generates nucleoprotein-specific cellular and humoral immune responses that last 1 year. The cellular response is associated with the CD8+ subpopulation of T cells. Thus, plasmid DNA injections can be used to induce long-lasting immune responses against the viral gene product without an exposure to live virus itself.
Immunocytochemical evidence for the maintenance of cytochrome P-450 isozymes, NADPH cytochrome C reductase, and epoxide hydrolase in pure and mixed primary cultures of adult human hepatocytes. (1986)

Specific polyclonal antibodies were used to investigate the distribution of two cytochrome P-450 isozymes (5 and 8), NADPH cytochrome c reductase, and epoxide hydrolase in adult human hepatocytes cultured alone or co-cultured with rat liver epithelial cells. The enzymes were localized by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique following fixation with a paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde mixture and membrane permeabilization with saponin. The pattern of distribution of the four enzymes after 24 hr in culture was similar to that found in vivo. Virtually all the hepatocytes exhibited nearly homogeneous positive staining for cytochrome P-450-8, whereas only 60-80% were positive for cytochrome P-450-5. Nearly homogeneous staining was also observed in all hepatocytes for NADPH cytochrome c reductase and epoxide hydrolase. During the first 12 days in pure culture, the intensity of staining, as well as the number of positively stained cells, decreased slightly except for epoxide hydrolase, which did not show any obvious change. In contrast, even after 15 days in co-culture the extent of staining for all the enzymes decreased less than in pure culture. These results indicate that adult human hepatocytes continue to express specific drug-metabolizing enzymes for several days in culture and provide further evidence that those cells are more stable than rodent hepatocytes in primary culture.
Design and Characterization of Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Photopolymerizable Semi-Interpenetrating Networks for Chondrogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2007)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are used extensively in cartilage tissue engineering. We have developed a photopolymerizable poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate) (PEGDA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) semi-interpenetrating network that facilitates the in vitro chondrogenesis of human MSCs (hMSCs). Network parameters were altered and tested for their effects on subsequent matrix elaboration. The mesh size, calculated for each network based on equilibrium swelling ratios, was larger with lower PEGDA:PEG ratios and with higher PEGDA molecular weight. Changes in xi correlated with changes in extracellular matrix content and deposition in hMSC-seeded networks cultured in vitro for 6 weeks in defined chondrogenic medium. Networks constructed with PEGDA (6 kDa) and PEG (88 kDa) at 1:2 displayed intercellular deposition of proteoglycan. Furthermore, their proteoglycan contents were significantly higher than with PEGDA (6 kDa) hydrogels constructed without the PEG component and those constructed at a PEGDA:PEG ratio of 2:1, which both exhibited pericellular proteoglycan deposition. However, networks constructed with PEGDA (12 and 20 kDa) and PEG (88 kDa) exhibited intercellular deposition of proteoglycan regardless of the ratio employed. Collagen content was lower in networks constructed with PEGDA (12 and 20 kDa) and PEG (88 kDa) at a ratio of 1:2 than in those fabricated at the same PEGDA molecular weights at a ratio of 2:1. This study demonstrated that semi-interpenetrating network parameters influence not only extracellular matrix content, but also the deposition of the matrix molecules by hMSCs undergoing chondrogenesis. It is important that these parameters be considered carefully when creating scaffolds for tissue-engineered cartilage.
Steatosis as a Risk Factor in Liver Surgery (2006)

Hepatic steatosis is a major factor determining patient outcome after surgery. Further research is needed to clarify the clinical relevance of all forms and severity grades of steatosis for patient outcome. Standardized grading and diagnostic methods need to be used in future clinical trials to be able to compare outcomes of different studies.
The determination of flavonoids content for ginkgo biloba with ultraviolet spectrophotometry (2000)

Taking with rutin as standard sample, the flavonoids content in the ginkgo biloba were determined by means of ultraviolet spectrophotometry at 267 nm. The method is easy, quick,and the repeatability is very good.
A unified approach to the construction of binary and nonbinary quasi-cyclic LDPC codes based on finite fields (2009)

A unified approach for constructing binary and nonbinary quasi-cyclic LDPC codes under a single framework is presented. Six classes of binary and nonbinary quasi-cyclic LDPC codes are constructed based on primitive elements, additive subgroups, and cyclic subgroups of finite fields. Numerical results show that the codes constructed perform well over the AWGN channel with iterative decoding.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of an Isoxazolinopyrrole Library (2003)

A four-step solid-phase synthesis of isoxazolinopyrroles 8 that employs an acid-labile 2-(4-formyl-3-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl polystyrene HL resin 1 is reported. Resin-bound vinyl sulfone 5 is obtained by DIC coupling with acid 4, which was in turn synthesized in solution phase by a regioselective nitrile oxide 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. The resin-bound pyrrole 7 was synthesized on solid phase by pyrrole annulation with various isocyano derivatives and potassium t-butoxide in which the sulfone alpha-anion generated by Michael addition gives the desired pyrrole through internal condensation followed by a sigmatropic [1,5]-hydrogen shift. The resulting isoxazolinopyrroles 8 were released from resin 7 by 10% TFA in moderate to excellent overall yields from 2-(4-formyl-3-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl polystyrene HL resin 1.