gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A virtual honeypot framework (2004)

A honeypot is a closely monitored network decoy serving several purposes: it can distract adversaries from more valuable machines on a network, can provide early warning about new attack and exploitation trends, or allow in-depth examination of adversaries during and after exploitation of a honeypot. Deploying a physical honeypot is often time intensive and expensive as di#erent operating systems require specialized hardware and every honeypot requires its own physical system. This paper presents Honeyd, a framework for virtual honeypots that simulates virtual computer systems at the network level. The simulated computer systems appear to run on unallocated network addresses. To deceive network fingerprinting tools, Honeyd simulates the networking stack of di#erent operating systems and can provide arbitrary routing topologies and services for an arbitrary number of virtual systems. This paper discusses Honeyd&amp;apos;s design and shows how the Honeyd framework helps in many areas of system security, e.g. detecting and disabling worms, distracting adversaries, or preventing the spread of spam email.
Scrapie and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease prions. (1985)

Scrapie and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease are caused by prions which can be distinguished from both viruses and viroids. Aggregates of prions are ultrastructurally and histochemically identical to amyloid. Extracellular collections of prions form amyloid plaques within scrapie-infected brain. Prion amyloid plaques seem analogous to viral inclusion bodies in that they are composed of causative pathogens and are not merely a consequence of the disease.
Analysis of a major human chorionic somatomammotropin gene. Evidence for two functional promoter elements. (1984)

The sequence of one of the two major expressed human chorionic somatomammotropin genes (hCS-1) was determined. The hCS-1 gene and the human growth hormone gene (hGH-1) share 92% nucleotide sequence homology in their 5'- and 3'-flanking regions, introns and exons. This finding, in addition to the existence of multiple closely linked hGH and hCS genes, suggests that these genes are evolving by concerted mechanisms. S1 nuclease, hybridization, and primer extension analysis of placental poly(A+) RNA demonstrated the presence of two functional initiation sites within the hCS-1 and/or the hCS-2 gene(s). The majority (about 95%) of the transcripts initiate 30 nucleotides downstream from the TATAAA sequence, and about 5% of the transcripts initiate 30 nucleotides downstream from a CATAAA sequence located 55 nucleotides 5' to the TATAAA sequence. The presence of two functional promoter elements as well as direct repeated sequences flanking the TATAAA sequence and exon I of the hCS genes are consistent with the hypothesis (Cooke, N. E., and Baxter, J. D. (1982) Nature (Lond.) 297, 603-606) that an important regulatory element may have been inserted into the gene in a separate evolutionary event. An analysis of other direct repeats, internal homology, and homology between other growth hormone and chorionic somatomammotropin genes offers a more extensive conceptualization of how this gene family evolved.
The Identification and Characterization of a G4-DNA Resolvase Activity (1997)

There is increasing evidence that four-stranded Hoogsteen-bonded DNA structures, G4-DNA, play an important role in cellular processes such as meiosis and recombination. The Hoogsteen-bonded G4-DNA is thermodynamically more stable than duplex DNA, and many guanine-rich genomic DNA sequences with the ability to form G4-DNA have been identified. A protein-dependent activity that resolves G4-DNA into single-stranded DNA has been identified in human placental tissue. The resolvase activity was purified from any apparent nuclease activity and is dependent on NTP hydrolysis and MgCl2. Resolvase activity is optimal with 5 mM MgCl2. The Vmax/Km of ATP is 0. 055%/min/microM, higher than the Vmax/Km of the other dNTPs. The products of the resolvase reaction are unmodified single-stranded DNA. The resolvase is not a duplex DNA helicase or a topoisomerase II activity and does not unwind Hoogsteen-bonded triplex DNA. Resolvase is a novel activity that unwinds stable G4-DNA structures using a dNTP-dependent mechanism producing unmodified single-stranded DNA. Potential in vivo roles for this G4-DNA resolvase activity are discussed.
Impaired visual thresholds in hypopigmented animals (1991)

Ocular hypopigmentation is associated with neurological defects in structure and function. This paper investigates the absolute visual thresholds in dark-adapted hypopigmented animals compared to their normally pigmented controls. Here we asked (1) whether the threshold elevation found in hypopigmented animals is a general consequence of the reduction in melanin content; (2) if so, which melanin components in the eye are likely to influence visual thresholds; and (3) whether similar threshold defects can be detected in orders other than rodents. By single-unit recordings from the superior colliculus, we compared incremental thresholds of normal black mice of the C57BL/6J strain to hypopigmented mutants: beige (bg/bg), pale ear (ep/ep), and albino (c2J/c2J) mice, three mutants in which melanin pigment throughout the body is affected; and Steel (Sl/Sld) and dominant-spotting/W-mice (W/Wv), two mutants with normal pigmentation in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) but without any melanin in the choroid or the rest of the body. We found that all mutants had elevated thresholds that varied with the reduction in melanin. The albinos were 25 times less sensitive than black mice, pale ear mice 20 times, beige mice 11 times, and Steel and W-mice 5 times. The mean thresholds of dark-adapted black mice were 0.008 cd/m2. Recordings from rabbits showed a similar impairment of visual sensitivity; incremental thresholds were elevated 40 times in New Zealand-White albino rabbits (0.0008 cd/m2) compared to Dutch-Belted pigmented controls (0.00002 cd/m2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Bendamustine in Patients With Rituximab-Refractory Indolent and Transformed Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Results From a Phase II Multicenter, Single-Agent Study (2008)

Single-agent bendamustine produced durable objective responses with acceptable toxicity in heavily pretreated patients with rituximab-refractory, indolent NHL. These findings are promising and will serve as a benchmark for future clinical trials in this novel patient population.
A WCDMA, GSM/GPRS/EDGE Receiver Front End without Interstage SAW Filter (2006)

A dual mode RF receiver for DCS band in 90 nm CMOS is presented. The receiver uses direct conversion for WCDMA mode and uses 100 kHz low IF for GSM/GPRS/EDGE (GGE) mode. The receiver does not use an interstage SAW filter between LNA and mixer. The mixer stage is followed by a variable gain amplifier. Two times LO clock is provided from external source and a divide by two is used to generate quadrature clocks. The receiver has a NF of 2.9 dB and meets all the out of band and in band linearity requirements for both WCDMA and GGE modes
A comparative study of S/MAR prediction tools (2007)

A new insight is needed to design a method which will predict S/MARs well. Our data, including the control data, has been deposited as additional material and this may help later researchers test new predictors.
The Mechanism of Action of Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Refractory Epilepsy (2001)

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a neurophysiologic treatment for patients with medically or surgically refractory epilepsy. Since the first human implant in 1989, more than 10,000 patients have been treated with VNS. The precise mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. Animal experiments with VNS were initially performed to demonstrate efficacy and safety preceding the clinical trials in human patients. Mechanism of action research involving animal experiments can provide essential clues. Animal experiments are often labor-intensive even in the hands of experienced researchers, however, and the results remain only a reflection of the complicated pathophysiologic systems of the human brain. Mechanism of action research in human patients treated with VNS is particularly challenging because of safety concerns, the large number of patients required, and the heterogeneous nature of various small patient series. This study provides an overview of the progress that has been made in the past 10 years through neurophysiologic, neuroanatomic, neurochemical, and cerebral blood flow studies in animals and patients treated with VNS. Further elucidation of the mechanism of action of VNS may increase its clinical efficacy. It may also provide inspiration for the development of new therapeutic modalities for refractory epilepsy.
Target specificity and off-target effects as determinants of cancer drug efficacy (2008)

Targeted therapeutics are aimed to hit one or a few key cellular targets. Agents that target single signaling molecules (such as EGFR and IGF-R1) often show limited clinical activities, at least in the major groups of solid tumors. Nevertheless, some signaling inhibitors are effective in the treatment of previously difficult-to-treat diseases such as renal carcinoma. Similarly, these drugs inhibit multiple kinases and/or may display off-target activities. Inhibition of cellular targets such as the proteasome, heat-shock protein 90, and histone deacetylase induces complex cellular effects, and agents that inhibit these targets show promising clinical activities. Clinically effective targeted agents are therefore reminiscent of conventional agents such as cisplatin and doxorubicin, which are known to have several cellular targets. It is becoming increasingly clear that a comprehensive understanding of the spectrum of effects exerted by an anticancer agent is fundamental for understanding its efficacy and toxicity profile.
Continuing rearrangement but absence of somatic hypermutation in immunoglobulin genes of human B cell precursor leukemia. (1988)

Southern blot analyses revealed that cells from nearly 30% of childhood B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs) contained more than two rearranged, nongermline bands for Ig heavy chain genes. DNA corresponding to these bands was molecularly cloned from two cases which showed three and seven rearranged bands, respectively. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the cloned DNA demonstrated that each band represented different VDJ or DJ rearrangements. While the same DJ joints were shared by several rearrangements, different DJ joints were found in the majority of rearrangements, precluding V region substitution as an explanation for the multiplicity of heavy chain rearrangements in these leukemias. Most of the V region segments involved in these rearrangements were restricted to VH region families that have been shown previously to be preferentially rearranged in human fetal B lineage cells. Sequence analysis of multiple copies of the same VDJ rearrangements from different cells revealed no somatic mutation, a mechanism responsible for detection of extra rearranged Ig DNA bands in certain other B lineage tumors. The data suggest that in some cases of ALL Ig heavy chain genes begin and continue to rearrange de novo within the neoplastic B cell precursor populations derived from an original malignant cell transformed at a stem cell stage of differentiation.
Characterization of a genetically engineered inactivation-resistant coagulation factor VIIIa (1997)

Individuals with hemophilia A require frequent infusion of preparations of coagulation factor VIII. The activity of factor VIII (FVIII) as a cofactor for factor IXa in the coagulation cascade is limited by its instability after activation by thrombin. Activation of FVIII occurs through proteolytic cleavage and generates an unstable FVIII heterotrimer that is subject to rapid dissociation of its subunits. In addition, further proteolytic cleavage by thrombin, factor Xa, factor IXa, and activated protein C can lead to inactivation. We have engineered and characterized a FVIII protein, IR8, that has enhanced in vitro stability of FVIII activity due to resistance to subunit dissociation and proteolytic inactivation. FVIII was genetically engineered by deletion of residues 794-1689 so that the A2 domain is covalently attached to the light chain. Missense mutations at thrombin and activated protein C inactivation cleavage sites provided resistance to proteolysis, resulting in a single-chain protein that has maximal activity after a single cleavage after arginine-372. The specific activity of partially purified protein produced in transfected COS-1 monkey cells was 5-fold higher than wild-type (WT) FVIII. Whereas WT FVIII was inactivated by thrombin after 10 min in vitro, IR8 still retained 38% of peak activity after 4 hr. Whereas binding of IR8 to von Willebrand factor (vWF) was reduced 10-fold compared with WT FVIII, in the presence of an anti-light chain antibody, ESH8, binding of IR8 to vWF increased 5-fold. These results demonstrate that residues 1690-2332 of FVIII are sufficient to support high-affinity vWF binding. Whereas ESH8 inhibited WT factor VIII activity, IR8 retained its activity in the presence of ESH8. We propose that resistance to A2 subunit dissociation abrogates inhibition by the ESH8 antibody. The stable FVIIIa described here provides the opportunity to study the activated form of this critical coagulation factor and demonstrates that proteins can be improved by rationale design through genetic engineering technology.
Role of the I-9 and III-1 modules of fibronectin in formation of an extracellular fibronectin matrix (1991)

Cultured fibroblasts bind soluble protomeric fibronectin and mediate its conversion to insoluble disulfide-bonded multimers. The disulfide-bonded multimers are deposited in fibrillar pericellular matrix. Antifibronectin monoclonal antibodies were analyzed to identify domains of fibronectin required for assembly into matrix. Two antibodies, L8 and 9D2, inhibited binding and insolubilization of 125I-labeled plasma fibronectin by fibroblasts but did not inhibit binding of labeled amino-terminal 70-kDa fragment of fibronectin to matrix assembly sites. Immunoblotting of fibronectin fragments showed that the epitope for 9D2 is in the first type III homology sequence (III-1) whereas the epitope for L8 requires that the last type I sequence of the gelatin binding region (I-9) be contiguous to III-1 and is sensitive to reduction of disulfides in I-9. A 56-kDa gelatin-binding thermolysin fragment of fibronectin that contains III-1 and the L8 and 9D2 epitopes inhibited binding of fibronectin to cell layers 10-fold better than a 40-kDa gelatin-binding fragment that lacks III-1 and the antigenic sites. This 56-kDa fragment, however, did not bind specifically to cell layers. These results indicate that the I-9 and III-1 modules of fibronectin form a functional unit that mediates an interaction, perhaps between protomers, important in the assembly of fibronectin.
Visibility culling using hierarchical occlusion maps (1997)

We present hierarchical occlusion maps (HOM) for visibility culling on complex models with high depth complexity. The culling algorithm uses an object space bounding volume hierarchy and a hierarchy of image space occlusion maps. Occlusion maps represent the aggregate of projections of the occluders onto the image plane. For each frame, the algorithm selects a small set of objects from the model as occluders and renders them to form an initial occlusion map, from which a hierarchy of occlusion maps is built. The occlusion maps are used to cull away a portion of the model not visible from the current viewpoint. The algorithm is applicable to all models and makes no assumptions about the size, shape, or type of occluders. It supports approximate culling in which small holes in or among occluders can be ignored. The algorithm has been implemented on current graphics systems and has been applied to large models composed of hundreds of thousands of polygons. In practice, it achieves significant speedup in interactive walkthroughs of models with high depth complexity.
Durable fire retardant treatment of wood and wood-based materials. (2). Fire retardant treatment of plywood, doubling as preservative treatment. (1988)

5mm以下の薄物合板を,減圧浸漬及び塗布処理にて防火処理を行った。防火剤としてリン酸・ジジアンジアミド・ホルムアルデヒド初期付加縮合物,及び保存性を付加するためにホウ酸・臭化水素酸を添加した薬剤を用いた。また,処理した合板についてはその防火・防腐・防蟻性能を検討した。防火性能は,残炎,残じん,炭花長で判定した。処理したものは,いずれも残炎,残じんがなく,炭化長が大きく低下し,無処理より防火性が向上した。薬剤の効果は,防火剤が発泡することにより,減圧浸漬より表面塗布処理のほうが,効果が大きかった。ホウ酸や臭化水素酸添加は,防火性付与の効果は見られなかった。ホウ酸や臭化水素酸を添加した薬剤で処理した合板は,日本木材保存協会規格第3号に準じて防腐性能を検討した。オオウズラタケ(Tyromyces Palustris)では,無処理合板も腐朽しておらず,防腐性能の比較は不可能ではあるが,カワラタケ(Coriolus uersicolor)に対しては,防火剤のみで処理した場合でも,耐朽性は向上し,さらにホウ酸や臭化水素酸の添加によって防腐効果が増大した。同様の傾向が,防蟻性能に関しても,認められた。本研究の結果はリン酸・ジシアンジアミド・ホルムアルデヒド初期付加縮合物が防火剤として,十分な性能を有するとともに,ホウ酸や臭化水素酸を少量添加すれば防腐防蟻性能をも付加できることを示唆している。
Natural Organic Matter Degradation Using Combined Process of Ultrasonic and Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment (2015)

The purpose of this study was to explore and examine an advance oxidation process using ultrasonic (US)/H 2 O 2 as a potential treatment and removal of humic acid (HA). The US power, HA concentration and H 2 O 2 concentration enhanced removal process was performed by varying the irradiation time, the preliminary experiments demonstrated that natural organic matter (NOM) and HA removal was influenced by the power, HA concentration and time of sonication. The optimum conditions for HA and NOM removal were achieved by US irradiation of 110 W power, at 20 min contact time, and 20 mg.L -1 of HA concentration. Likewise, the optimum conditions for HA and NOM removal with hydrogen peroxide were obtained at 120 min time and 10Ã—10 -3 mol.L -1 of H 2 O 2 . The results indicated a strong capacity of sonication for NOM and HA removal, therefore by adding H 2 O 2 to the aqueous solution increased NOM and HA removal by US. The HA removal efficiency of US/H 2 O 2 (91.5%) was more than US (69.3%) and H 2 O 2 (20%). US/H 2 O 2 system proved to be the most effective. The sonochemical degradation with US/H 2 O 2 can be an efficient method to remove the NOM from aqueous solution and may be a realistic possibility for large-scale treatment.
<title>Robot Vision Using A Projection Method</title> (1984)

A dramatic increase in the use of industrial robots is expected in the United States within this decade. This increase increase will require robot vision systems so that the machines can respond and adapt to their environment, i.e., be intelligent. These advances can lead to new methods for use in flexible manufacturing systems and automated factories. The purpose of this paper is to describe a technique for three dimensional robot vision using a single projected image. The method involves automatic location of projected vertex points to determine the three dimensional surface characteristics of an object. The method is robust enough to permit measurement of featureless curved objects. Examples are given which demonstrate the simplicity of the technique. The significance of this method is that it is simple enough for use in robot control or inspection applications.
Long-term Use of Aspirin and Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2012)

Among an adult cohort, aspirin use 5 years prior to observed incidence was not associated with incident early or late AMD. However, regular aspirin use 10 years prior was associated with a small but statistically significant increase in the risk of incident late and neovascular AMD.
Paclitaxel by 24- or 1-hour infusion n combination with carboplatin in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: the Fox Chase Cancer Center experience. (1995)

A phase II trial of combination paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) and carboplatin included 54 chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Eligibility mandated Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1 and adequate hematologic, renal, and hepatic function. Paclitaxel 135 mg/m2 over 24 hours preceded carboplatin dosed to an area under the concentration-time curve of 7.5. Six planned courses were given every 3 weeks. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was introduced during the second and subsequent cycles, and paclitaxel increased 40 mg/m2/cycle (maximum, 215 mg/m2) in patients with absolute neutrophil and platelet nadirs exceeding 500/microL and 50,000/microL, respectively. Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia, observed in 54% of patients during cycle 1, declined to 35% during cycle 2 and to 22% or less during cycles 3 through 6. Neuropathy, myalgias/arthralgias, and thrombocytopenia were mild but cumulative. In 53 evaluable patients, the objective response rate was 62%, with 9% complete remissions and a median response duration of 6 months (range, 1 to 19+ months). At median potential follow-up of 16 months, 9% of patients remain progression free (52+ to 80+ weeks). Median survival is 12.5 months; 1-year survival is 54%. Paclitaxel/carboplatin is highly active in advanced non-small cell lung cancer; granulocyte colony-stimulating factor abrogates neutropenia as the dose-limiting toxicity, but has no effect on the cumulative incidence of thrombocytopenia or treatment delays. One-hour paclitaxel infusion is minimally myelosuppressive, logistically easier, and less costly. A follow-up study combined paclitaxel (175 mg/m2) over 1 hour followed by carboplatin (area under the concentration-time curve, 7.5). In the absence of grade 4 myelosuppression, paclitaxel was increased 35 mg/m2/cycle (maximum, 280 mg/m2). Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was implemented only after neutropenic fever or grade 4 neutropenia. Of 17 patients entered, 13 are evaluable for toxicity and seven for response. Four patients have sustained a partial response, two a minor response, and one stable disease. The incidence of grade 3 or 4 neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia in cycle 1 was 38%, 16%, and 0%, respectively, and 72%, 28%, and 28%, respectively, during cycle 2. Major nonhematologic toxicities include myalgias and arthralgias (54%) and fatigue and neuropathy (78%), the latter cumulative and progressive over successive cycles. Preliminary data suggest comparable activity for the 1- and 24 hour paclitaxel infusions in combination with carboplatin. The more severe neuropathy of the 1-hour paclitaxel/carboplatin combination may be related to the paclitaxel dosing schema (175 mg/m2 to as high as 280 mg/m2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Power-efficient nonreciprocal interferometer and linear-scanning fiber-optic catheter for optical coherence tomography (1999)

A nonreciprocal fiber-optic interferometer is demonstrated in an optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. The increased power efficiency of this system provides a 4.1-dB advantage over standard Michelson implementations. In addition, a new linear-scanning fiber-optic catheter is demonstrated that avoids the rotary optical junction that is required in circumferential scanning systems. These advancements have permitted the clinical implementation of OCT imaging in the human gastrointestinal tract.
Conservation of a hexapeptide sequence in the anchor region of surface proteins from Gram‐positive cocci (1990)

A highly conserved hexapeptide sequence (both at the protein- and DNA level) has been identified within the C-terminal end of all 11 known surface proteins from Gram-positive cocci. The hexapeptide, with the consensus sequence LPXTGE, is located about 9 amino acids N-terminal from the C-terminal hydrophobic domain which is found in all these surface molecules. The conservation of the hexapeptide, despite sequence variation within the regions flanking it, suggests that it is important for the attachment of these proteins within the cell.
Effects of thalidomide on angiogenesis and tumor growth and metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice (2005)

Thalidomide can significantly inhibit angiogenesis and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. It also has inhibitory effects on circulating TNF-alpha.