gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Hybrid Poplar (Salicaceae) Clone and Phenology on Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Performance in Wisconsin (2017)

Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) developmental interactions with two hybrid Populus species clones were studied in laboratory trials. Significant differences in larval performance were found between clones and within the same clone at different phenological states. No larvae were able to complete development on clone NM6. All gypsy moth larvae feeding on clone NC5271 survived when leafflush was synchronized with gypsy moth eclosion in early May. However, neonates feeding on NC5271 foliage in July experienced in- creased mortality. Weights of surviving gypsy moth larvae feeding on NC5271 foliage in May versus July were not significantly different.
Transgenic mice expressing the myotilin T57I mutation unite the pathology associated with LGMD1A and MFM (2006)

Myotilin is a muscle-specific Z-disc protein with putative roles in myofibril assembly and structural upkeep of the sarcomere. Several myotilin point mutations have been described in patients with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1A (LGMD1A), myofibrillar myopathy (MFM), spheroid body myopathy (SBM), three similar adult-onset, progressive and autosomal dominant muscular dystrophies. To further investigate myotilin's role in the pathogenesis of these muscle diseases, we have characterized three independent lines of transgenic mice expressing mutant (T57I) myotilin under the control of the human skeletal actin promoter. Similar to LGMD1A and MFM patients, these mice develop progressive myofibrillar pathology that includes Z-disc streaming, excess myofibrillar vacuolization and plaque-like myofibrillar aggregation. These aggregates become progressively larger and more numerous with age. We show that the mutant myotilin protein properly localizes to the Z-disc and also heavily populates the aggregates, along with several other Z-disc associated proteins. Whole muscle physiological analysis reveals that the extensor digitorum longus muscle of transgenic mice exhibits significantly reduced maximum specific isometric force compared with littermate controls. Intriguingly, the soleus and diaphragm muscles are spared of any abnormal myopathology and show no reductions in maximum specific force. These data provide evidence that myotilin mutations promote aggregate-dependent contractile dysfunction. In sum, we have established a promising patho-physiological mouse model that unifies the phenotypes of LGMD1A, MFM and SBM.
Dispersion and Absorption in Dielectrics I. Alternating Current Characteristics (1941)

The dispersion and absorption of a considerable number of liquid and dielectrics are represented by the empirical formula ε*−ε∞=(ε0−ε∞)/[1+(iωτ0)1−α]. In this equation, ε* is the complex dielectric constant, ε0 and ε∞ are the ``static'' and ``infinite frequency'' dielectric constants, ω=2π times the frequency, and τ0 is a generalized relaxation time. The parameter α can assume values between 0 and 1, the former value giving the result of Debye for polar dielectrics. The expression (1) requires that the locus of the dielectric constant in the complex plane be a circular arc with end points on the axis of reals and center below this axis. If a distribution of relaxation times is assumed to account for Eq. (1), it is possible to calculate the necessary distribution function by the method of Fuoss and Kirkwood. It is, however, difficult to understand the physical significance of this formal result. If a dielectric satisfying Eq. (1) is represented by a three-element electrical circuit, the mechanism responsible for the dispersion is equivalent to a complex impedance with a phase angle which is independent of the frequency. On this basis, the mechanism of interaction has the striking property that energy is conserved or ``stored'' in addition to being dissipated and that the ratio of the average energy stored to the energy dissipated per cycle is independent of the frequency.
Posttranslational Regulation of Fatty Acyl-CoA Reductase 1, Far1, Controls Ether Glycerophospholipid Synthesis (2010)

Plasmalogens are a major subclass of ethanolamine and choline glycerophospholipids in which a long chain fatty alcohol is attached at the sn-1 position through a vinyl ether bond. This ether-linked alkyl bond is formed in peroxisomes by replacement of a fatty acyl chain in the intermediate 1-acyl-dihydroxyacetone phosphate with a fatty alcohol in a reaction catalyzed by alkyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate synthase. Here, we demonstrate that the enzyme fatty acyl-CoA reductase 1 (Far1) supplies the fatty alcohols used in the formation of ether-linked alkyl bonds. Far1 activity is elevated in plasmalogen-deficient cells, and conversely, the levels of this enzyme are restored to normal upon plasmalogen supplementation. Down-regulation of Far1 activity in response to plasmalogens is achieved by increasing the rate of degradation of peroxisomal Far1 protein. Supplementation of normal cells with ethanolamine and 1-O-hexadecylglycerol, which are intermediates in plasmalogen biosynthesis, accelerates degradation of Far1. Taken together, our results indicate that ether lipid biosynthesis in mammalian cells is regulated by a negative feedback mechanism that senses cellular plasmalogen levels and appropriately increases or decreases Far1.
Tag-Free Microfluidic Separation of Cells against Multiple Markers (2012)

Conventional cell separation against multiple markers generally requires the attachment of antibody tags, typically fluorescent or magnetic, to selected cell types in a heterogeneous suspension. This work describes how such separation can be accomplished in a series of microfluidic systems without the need for such tags. Two capture stages containing antibody-functionalized alginate hydrogels are utilized for the isolation of CD34+ and Flk1+ cells from untreated, whole human blood. The capture-release capability of these degradable coatings is harnessed by a mixing chamber and a simple valving system such that the suspension emerging from the first capture stage is prepared for the second capture stage for further enrichment. With this configuration, we demonstrate the isolation of CD34+/Flk1+ endothelial progenitor cells from blood enabled by the depletion of CD34+/Flk1-hematopoietic stem cells population. This ability to achieve isolation of cells against multiple markers in an untagged separation method is of particular significance in applications involving cell implantation-based therapeutics including tissue engineering and molecular analysis.
Immortalization of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells in the Absence of Viral Oncoproteins (2004)

By expressing two genes (hTERT and Cdk4), we have developed a method to reproducibly generate continuously replicating human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) lines that provide a novel resource to study the molecular pathogenesis of lung cancer and the differentiation of bronchial epithelial cells. Twelve human bronchial epithelial biopsy specimens obtained from persons with and without lung cancer were placed into short-term culture and serially transfected with retroviral constructs containing cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) 4 and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), resulting in continuously growing cultures. The order of introduction of Cdk4 and hTERT did not appear to be important; however, transfection of either gene alone did not result in immortalization. Although they could be cloned, the immortalized bronchial cells did not form colonies in soft agar or tumors in nude mice. The immortalized HBECs have epithelial morphology; express epithelial markers cytokeratins 7, 14, 17, and 19, the stem cell marker p63, and high levels of p16(INK4a); and have an intact p53 checkpoint pathway. Cytogenetic analysis and array comparative genomic hybridization profiling show immortalized HBECs to have duplication of parts of chromosomes 5 and 20. Microarray gene expression profiling demonstrates that the Cdk4/hTERT-immortalized bronchial cell lines clustered together and with nonimmortalized bronchial cells, distinct from lung cancer cell lines. We also immortalized several parental cultures with viral oncoproteins human papilloma virus type 16 E6/E7 with and without hTERT, and these cells exhibited loss of the p53 checkpoint and significantly different gene expression profiles compared with Cdk4/hTERT-immortalized HBECs. These HBEC lines are a valuable new tool for studying of the pathogenesis of lung cancer.
Analysis of Catch per Unit of Effort and Length Composition in the South Carolina Commercial Handline Fishery, 1976-1982 (1985)

Catch-per-unit-of-effort (CPUE) data for catch/trip, catch/boat-day, and catch/reel-day for major demersal species groups were analyzed by season, boat length, and number of crew. Seasonality was a major component of variability in CPUE. There was no significant difference in catch/reel-day by boat length for any species group, while catch/boat-day increased with crew size for all species combined, groupers (Mycteroperca spp.), and vermilion snapper (Rhomboplites aurorubens). Correlations between catch/trip and catch/reel-day were good (r = 0.80-0.85) for red porgy (Pagrus pagrus), groupers, and red snapper (Lutjanus campechauus). Time trends in seasonally adjusted quarterly mean trip production were negative for all species groups, with significant correlations for red porgy, groupers, and red snapper. Estimates of annual maximum sustainable physical yield (MSY) calculated using a Schaefer model and parameter values from the negative regressions of catch/trip on the number of trips were approximately 144,200 kg for red porgy, 190,000 kg for groupers and 32,000 kg for red snapper in waters from Savannah, Georgia to Cape Fear, North Carolina. For each species, the estimated total (recreational plus commercial) harvest has exceeded MSY in recent years. Time trends in mean total length from 1976 to 1982 showed declines ranging from 8% for gag (Mycteroperca microlepis) to 15% for red porgy and red snapper. Increases in percentage of the catch below the critical size ranged from 2% (gag) to 32% (red porgy). Except for red porgy, the current mean size of all species is well above the applicable critical size, even though MSY apparently is being exceeded. Because the majority of the fish being caught are above the critical size, this raises questions about the applicability of the current management strategy based on yield per recruit.
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND ANTI-(U1)snRNP ANTIBODIES: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF 29 ANTI-RNP ANTIBODY POSITIVE PATIENTS (1992)

Twenty-nine anti-RNP positive patients were followed prospectively with a mean observation time of 65 months (29-120 months). The clinical course was correlated to the presence of IgM and IgG anti-(U1)snRNP antibodies as revealed by immunoblotting from sequentially obtained sera. There was a striking dissociation between the fluctuating course, with the appearance of new manifestations followed by remissions, and the stability of the anti-snRNP antibody specificities where an appearance or a disappearance of anti-snRNP specificities was a rare phenomenon. The main epitope recognized by the IgG antibodies was the 70 kDa protein and of the IgM antibodies the B/B' proteins. No shift from the IgM to the IgG isotype was observed. The presence of IgG anti-70 kDa and IgM anti-B/B' antibodies was highly associated with presence of arthralgias, Raynaud's phenomenon and arthritis. Further, an association was noted between the combined presence of IgG anti-70 kDa, anti-A and anti-C antibodies and IgM anti-B/B' and puffy hands, myositis, pulmonary fibrosis and sclerodactyly, i.e. all manifestations of mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). On the contrary, serositis as often seen in SLE was correlated to the presence of IgG anti-B/B' antibodies. Thus the longitudinal analysis of the correlation between anti-snRNP antibody specificities and clinical manifestations support the concept of MCTD as a distinct entity.
Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of ICL670, a new orally active iron-chelating agent in patients with transfusion-dependent iron overload due to beta-thalassemia. (2003)

ICL670 is an orally active representative of a new class of tridentate iron chelator developed for the treatment of blood transfusion-dependent iron overload in chronic anemias. In this randomized, double-blind study, patients with transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemia received single oral doses of ICL670 ranging from 2.5 to 80 mg/kg to investigate its safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics and to obtain preliminary information on pharmacodynamic effects. ICL670 was well tolerated, and no safety problems occurred up to 80 mg/kg. A plasma half-life of 11 to 19 hours was found for ICL670, supporting once-daily oral administration. AUC0-24 h and Cmax of ICL670 increased nearly proportionally with the dose. The urinary excretion of ICL670 and its iron complex was less than 0.1% of the dose, and this was in accordance with the expected predominant iron fecal excretion induced by ICL670 (based on preclinical experiments). Notwithstanding, a positive trend toward increased amounts of urinary excreted iron was observed when the AUC0-24 h of ICL670 and the iron complex exceeded specific threshold values at the 40- and 80-mg/kg dose levels.
Vehicle Environment Sensing by Video Sensors (1999)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper is concerned with the description of a vision system designed for use within future driver assistance systems. The system comprises a high dynamic range CMOS camera, dedicated evaluation hardware based on commercial available PC technology as well as algorithms for the interpretation of video scenes in video real time. The sensor is employed for vehicle environment sensing. Tasks include lane boundary detection, object detection and road sign recognition.&lt;/div&gt;
Metadata standards for Web-based resources (2001)

One problem with all metadata approaches is that they try to be specialized and generic, so they are useful for different scenarios. While the languages for encoding and exchanging the metadata are already available, it will take more time for the industry to agree on a shared vocabulary for the metadata elements and values. Another problem with metadata is supporting all the different user roles that are involved during a resource's production and distribution. Future authoring systems will be able to automatically generate many metadata values and will offer user-friendly ways to provide information without dealing with the encoded metadata directly. Future work in this area will focus on building semantic networks out of single metadata descriptions. Even for the authors of a resource, it is not always easy to provide the adequate information. Establishing a network of resources without being an expert in knowledge building is even harder without appropriate tools that hide the complexity of the underlying models.
Über Pterinchemie. 72. Mitteilung. Trennung der Diastereomeren (6R)‐ und (6S)‐5,6,7,8‐Tetrahydro‐L‐biopterin (1979)

Separation of the Diastereomers (6 R )‐ and (6 S )‐5,6,7,8‐Tetrahydro‐ L ‐biopterin The mixture of the diastereomers of the tetraacetylderivative IV of (6 RS )‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐ L ‐biopterin could be separated by fractional crystallisation in methanol into the diastereomers IV A and IV B. Hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid gives the pure, diastereomeric, (6 R )‐ and (6 S )‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐ L ‐biopterins.
Mass Spectrometric Detection of Tissue Proteins in Plasma (2006)

It has long been thought that blood plasma could serve as a window into the state of one's organs in health and disease because tissue-derived proteins represent a significant fraction of the plasma proteome. Although substantial technical progress has been made toward the goal of comprehensively analyzing the blood plasma proteome, the basic assumption that proteins derived from a variety of tissues could indeed be detectable in plasma using current proteomics technologies has not been rigorously tested. Here we provide evidence that such tissue-derived proteins are both present and detectable in plasma via direct mass spectrometric analysis of captured glycopeptides and thus provide a conceptual basis for plasma protein biomarker discovery and analysis.
THE COANDĂ VTOL-UAV AEROMECHANICAL ASPECTS (2011)

The paper proposes a new concept of flight, including in the first phase of the flight, a vertical take-off, using the propulsion forces from an on-board rocket engine. The en-route phase of the flight, when moving horizontal, as the first part of the approach for landing, are conducted more similar with a rotary-wing flight. Also, the UAV sustentation comes from his aero dynamical shape. Especially designed to overcome the air resistance, the aerial vehicle has an appropriate design of the fuselage, which comply with a Coanda aerodynamic profile. Landing is assisted with the help of the same rocket engine, used for take-off. Up today, in our efforts to optimize the design of this VTOL-UAV, we made a first experimental model at a reduced scale. Moreover, aerodynamic researches have been conducted on it, in a wind tunnel, to enable optimal aerodynamic design of this new type UAV. Brief, the proposed aerial vehicle may be characterized as a mixture between a Coanda UAV and a reaction engine used only for vertical take-off and landing phase.
TRPV1 is a novel target for omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (2006)

Omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids are essential for proper neuronal function, and they possess prominent analgesic properties, yet their underlying signalling mechanisms are unclear. Here we show that n-3 fatty acids interact directly with TRPV1, an ion channel expressed in nociceptive neurones and brain. These fatty acids activate TRPV1 in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, enhance responses to extracellular protons, and displace binding of the ultrapotent TRPV1 ligand [3H]resiniferatoxin. In contrast to their agonistic properties, n-3 fatty acids competitively inhibit the responses of vanilloid agonists. These actions occur in mammalian cells in the physiological concentration range of 1-10 mum. Significantly, docosahexaenoic acid exhibits the greatest efficacy as an agonist, whereas eicosapentaenoic acid and linolenic acid are markedly more effective inhibitors. Similarly, eicosapentaenoic acid but not docosahexaenoic acid profoundly reduces capsaicin-evoked pain-related behaviour in mice. These effects are independent of alterations in membrane elasticity because the micelle-forming detergent Triton X-100 only minimally affects TRPV1 properties. Thus, n-3 fatty acids differentially regulate TRPV1 and this form of signalling may contribute to their biological effects. Further, these results suggest that dietary supplementation with selective n-3 fatty acids would be most beneficial for the treatment of pain.
Efficient Synthesis of Chiral ansa-Metallocenes by Amine Elimination. Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of rac-(EBI)Zr(NMe2)2 (1996)

The amine elimination reaction of Zr(NMe2)4 (2) and (EBI)H2 (1,2-bis(3-indenyl)ethane, 3) in toluene at 100 °C affords pure rac-(EBI)Zr(NMe2)2 (rac-4, EBI = ethylene-1,2-bis(1-indenyl)) in 68% isolated yield. This reaction proceeds via the rapidly formed mono-indenyl intermediate (η5-C9H6CH2CH2C9H7)Zr(NMe2)3 (6) which undergoes reversible intermolecular amine elimination with a second equivalent of 2 to give the binuclear species (μ-η5,η5-EBI){Zr(NMe2)3}2 (5, rac and meso isomers) or reversible intramolecular amine elimination to give either rac-4 or meso-4. The kinetic metallocene product is a 1/1 mixture of rac-4 and meso-4, the thermodynamic product is rac-4, and the meso-4 to rac-4 isomerization is catalyzed by the NMe2H co-product. The rac-4/meso-4 product ratio can be controlled by adjusting the rate of NMe2H removal from the reaction vessel and the steady state concentration of amine in the reaction mixture. The molecular structure of rac-4 has been determined by X-ray crystallography. rac-4 is converted to rac-(EBI)ZrCl2 (rac-1) in high yield by reaction with NMe2H·HCl (92% isolated) or Me3SiCl (quantitative). The syntheses of 2, rac-4, and rac-1 can be combined in a “one pot” synthesis of rac-1 from ZrCl4 in 68% overall yield. Alkylation of rac-4 with AlMe3 affords rac-(EBI)ZrMe2 (rac-7) in 90% isolated yield. rac-4 can be used directly as a catalyst precursor for the isospecific polymerization of propylene.
Converting Tissue Type Plasminogen Activator into a Zymogen (1997)

In stark contrast to most other members of the chymotrypsin family of serine proteases, tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA) is not synthesized and secreted as a true zymogen. Instead, single-chain t-PA exhibits very significant catalytic activity. Consequently, the zymogenicity, or ratio of the catalytic efficiencies of the mature, two-chain enzyme and the single-chain precursor, is only 3-9 for t-PA. Both we and others have previously proposed that Lys156 may contribute directly to this exceptional property of t-PA by forming interactions that selectively stabilize the active conformation of the single-chain enzyme. To test this hypothesis we created variants of t-PA in which Lys156 was replaced by a tyrosine residue. As predicted, the K156Y mutation selectively suppressed the activity of the single-chain enzyme and thereby substantially enhanced the enzyme's zymogenicity. In addition, however, this mutation produced a very dramatic increase in the ability of single-chain t-PA to discriminate among distinct fibrin co-factors. Compared with wild type t-PA, one of the variants characterized in this study, t-PA/R15E,K156Y, possessed substantially enhanced response to and selectivity among fibrin co-factors, resistance to inhibition by plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1, and significantly increased zymogenicity. The combination of these properties, and the maintenance of full activity in the presence of fibrin, suggest that the R15E,K156Y mutations may extend the therapeutic range of t-PA.
A Critical Temporal Requirement for the Retinoblastoma Protein Family During Neuronal Determination (1998)

In this report, we have examined the requirement for the retinoblastoma (Rb) gene family in neuronal determination with a focus on the developing neocortex. To determine whether pRb is required for neuronal determination in vivo, we crossed the Rb-/- mice with transgenic mice expressing beta-galactosidase from the early, panneuronal Talpha1 alpha-tubulin promoter (Talpha1:nlacZ). In E12.5 Rb-/- embryos, the Talpha1:nlacZ transgene was robustly expressed throughout the developing nervous system. However, by E14. 5, there were perturbations in Talpha1:nlacZ expression throughout the nervous system, including deficits in the forebrain and retina. To more precisely define the temporal requirement for pRb in neuronal determination, we functionally ablated the pRb family in wild-type cortical progenitor cells that undergo the transition to postmitotic neurons in vitro by expression of a mutant adenovirus E1A protein. These studies revealed that induction of Talpha1:nlacZ did not require proteins of the pRb family. However, in their absence, determined, Talpha1:nlacZ-positive cortical neurons underwent apoptosis, presumably as a consequence of "mixed signals" deriving from their inability to undergo terminal mitosis. In contrast, when the pRb family was ablated in postmitotic cortical neurons, there was no effect on neuronal survival, nor did it cause the postmitotic neurons to reenter the cell cycle. Together, these studies define a critical temporal window of requirement for the pRb family; these proteins are not required for induction of neuronal gene expression or for the maintenance of postmitotic neurons, but are essential for determined neurons to exit the cell cycle and survive.