gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TRANCE Is Necessary and Sufficient for Osteoblast-mediated Activation of Bone Resorption in Osteoclasts (1998)

TRANCE (tumor necrosis factor-related activation-induced cytokine) is a recently described member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily that stimulates dendritic cell survival and has also been found to induce osteoclastic differentiation from hemopoietic precursors. However, its effects on mature osteoclasts have not been defined. It has long been recognized that stimulation of osteoclasts by agents such as parathyroid hormone (PTH) occurs through a hormonal interaction with osteoblastic cells, which are thereby induced to activate osteoclasts. To determine whether TRANCE accounts for this activity, we tested its effects on mature osteoclasts. TRANCE rapidly induced a dramatic change in osteoclast motility and spreading and inhibited apoptosis. In populations of osteoclasts that were unresponsive to PTH, TRANCE caused activation of bone resorption equivalent to that induced by PTH in the presence of osteoblastic cells. Moreover, osteoblast-mediated stimulation of bone resorption was abrogated by soluble TRANCE receptor and by the soluble decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG), and stimulation of isolated osteoclasts by TRANCE was neutralized by OPG. Thus, TRANCE expression by osteoblasts appears to be both necessary and sufficient for hormone-mediated activation of mature osteoclasts, and TRANCE-R is likely to be a receptor for signal transduction for activation of the osteoclast and its survival.
Nanosized AlPO4-5 Molecular Sieves and Ultrathin Films Prepared by Microwave Synthesis (1998)

Nanosized AlPO4-5 molecular sieves and submicron AlPO4-5 films were synthesized by microwave treatment of aluminophosphate precursors. The effects of the chemical composition of the initial solution and the conditions of microwave treatment of aluminophosphate precursors on the synthesis of nanosized AlPO4-5 molecular sieves were investigated. The syntheses were performed under hydrothermal conditions in a microwave oven at temperatures ranging from 90 to 160 °C, using various concentrations of H2O and organic template and varying aging times. The resulting bulk products were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry, dynamic light scattering, and nitrogen sorption. Optimal conditions for the preparation of nanosized molecular sieve crystals were found. Thin films of AlPO4-5 on acoustic wave devices were also prepared, composed of a molecular coupling layer, AlPO4-5 seed crystals, and a homogeneous porous film formed by microwave treatment of an aluminophosphate precursor. The initial mixture composition and microwave conditions affect the thickness and the orientation of the zeolite crystals in the films. Sorption isotherms for n-hexane and cyclohexane in these AlPO4-5 films are reported.
Fabrication of Electrically Conductive Metal Patterns at the Surface of Polymer Films by Microplasma-Based Direct Writing (2014)

We describe a direct-write process for producing electrically conductive metal patterns at the surface of polymers. Thin films of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) loaded with Ag ions are reduced by a scanning, atmospheric-pressure microplasma to form crystalline Ag features with a line width of 300 μm. Materials analysis reveals that the metallization occurs in a thin layer of ∼5 μm near the film surface, suggesting that the Ag ions diffuse to the surface. Sheet resistances of 1-10 Ω/sq are obtained independent of film thickness and Ag volume concentration, which is desirable for producing surface conductivity on polymers while minimizing metal loading.
Protection Against Enteric Bacterial Infection by Secretory IgA Antibodies (1973)

Abstract This paper elaborates and extends earlier reports from this laboratory on the mechanisms by which coproantibodies protect against enteric bacterial infection. Purified antibody preparations obtained from the lumen of the intestine of orally vaccinated germfree mice, containing very small amounts of S-IgA but no other serologically active immunoglobulins, were found to protect mice against experimental enteric cholera infection. This protection was associated with a reduction in that fraction of the total vibrio population which was adsorbed to the mucosa. Total counts of intestinal vibrio populations were not affected. The mechanism of this process was investigated by using metabolic inhibitors in experimental infections of intestinal loops of rabbits. Iodoacetate reversed the antibody-mediated shift of the vibrio population away from association with the mucosa. This suggests that the mucosal cell may furnish some accessory factor which, in conjunction with antibody, results in an antibacterial mechanism on the mucosal surface. Iodoacetate had no effect on total vibrio population and adsorption of vibrios in nonimmunized intestinal loops. Consequently, a direct effect of iodoacetate on the vibrios, rather than on the mucosal cells, is a less likely explanation for the observed effects.
The state of our Family Courts post 1994 - some solutions (2004)

Extracted from text ... NEWS & VIEWS FOR MAGISTRATES 
3 
Irecently attended the launch of the 
South African Chapter of the 
International Association of Women 
Judges (IAWJ) in Boksburg. IAWJ works 
towards the advancement of human 
rights, eliminating gender discrimination 
and making the courts accessible to all. 
While echoing the same objectives, the 
speakers were concerned that not 
enough has been done in South Africa 
post-1994. The question posed repeatedly 
was: How can we stop the continued 
violations of the rights of women 
and children? 
Soma Naidoo, senior magistrate 
Durban, spoke about the gendered 
approach to judicial work in many courts 
around the ..
Premature Mortality Due to PM2.5 Over India: Effect of Atmospheric Transport and Anthropogenic Emissions (2018)

The annual premature mortality in India attributed to exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) exceeds 1 million (Cohen et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30505-6). Studies have estimated sector-specific premature mortality from ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure in India and shown residential energy use is the dominant contributing sector. In this study, we estimate the contribution of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and premature mortality from six regions of India in 2012 using the global chemical-transport model. We calculate how premature mortality in India is determined by the transport of pollution from different regions. Of the estimated 1.1 million annual premature deaths from PM<sub>2.5</sub> in India, about ~60% was from anthropogenic pollutants emitted from within the region in which premature mortality occurred, ~19% was from transport of anthropogenic pollutants between different regions within India, ~16% was due to anthropogenic pollutants emitted outside of India, and ~4% was associated with natural PM<sub>2.5</sub> sources. The emissions from Indo Gangetic Plain contributed to ~46% of total premature mortality over India, followed by Southern India (13%). Indo Gangetic Plain also contributed (~8%) to the most premature mortalities in other regions of India through transport. More than 50% of the premature mortality in Northern, Eastern, Western, and Central India was due to transport of PM<sub>2.5</sub> from regions outside of these individual regions. Our results indicate that reduction in anthropogenic emissions over India, as well as its neighboring regions, will be required to reduce the health impact of ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> in India.
Design of highly stable functional GroEL minichaperones (1999)

GroEL minichaperones have potential in the biotechnology industry for the refolding of recombinant proteins. With the aim of enhancing and widening their use, we have created two highly stable functional variants of minichaperone GroEL(193-345). A sequence alignment of 130 members of the chaperonin 60 (Cpn60) family was used to design 37 single mutations. Two small-to-large mutations, A223T, A223V and one similar-size mutation, M233L, all located in the hydrophobic core were found to stabilize the protein by more than 1 kcal mol(-1) each. Six stabilizing mutations were combined, yielding two multiple mutants that were 6.99 and 6.15 kcal mol(-1) more stable than wild-type protein. Even though some of the substituted residue pairs are close to each other in the protein structure, the energetic effects of mutation are approximately additive. In particular, the stabilizing substitution A223T is unexpected and would have been missed by purely structural analysis. In the light of previously reported successes employing similar methods with several other proteins, our results show that a homology based approach is a simple and efficient method of increasing the stability of a protein.
A cross-correlation technique in wavelet domain for detection of stochastic gravitational waves (2002)

Stochastic gravitational waves (SGW) can be detected by measuring a cross-correlation of two or more gravitational wave (GW) detectors. In this paper we describe an optimal SGW search technique in the wavelet domain. It uses a sign correlation test, which allows calculation of the cross- correlation significance for non-Gaussian data. We also address the problem of correlated noise for the GW detectors. A method that allows calculation of the cross-correlation variance, when data is affected by correlated noise, is developed. As a part of the optimal search technique a robust estimator for detector noise spectral amplitude is introduced. It is not sensitive to outliers and allows application of the search technique to non-stationary data.
Genetic aspects of Sjögren's syndrome. (2002)

Sjögren's syndrome is a multisystem inflammatory rheumatic disease that is classified into primary and secondary forms, with cardinal features in the eye (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) and mouth (xerostomia). The aetiology behind this autoimmune exocrinopathy is probably multifactorial and influenced by genetic as well as by environmental factors that are as yet unknown. A genetic predisposition to Sjögren's syndrome has been suggested on the basis of familial aggregation, animal models and candidate gene association studies. Recent advances in molecular and genetic methodologies should further our understanding of this complex disease. The present review synthesizes the current state of genetics in Sjögren's syndrome.
beta-cell apoptosis: stimuli and signaling. (2001)

Pancreatic beta-cells are sensitive to a number of proapoptotic stimuli. Thus, apoptosis is an important part of the physiological neonatal remodeling of the endocrine pancreas, and a number of pathological stimuli involved in type 1 and type 2 diabetes have been shown to elicit beta-cell apoptosis. Factors of relevance to type 1 diabetes include proinflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species as well as Fas ligand. Recent findings that free fatty acids, glucose, sulfonylurea, and amylin cause beta-cell apoptosis in vitro suggest that programmed cell death may also be involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, there is evidence favoring a convergence in signaling pathways toward common effectors of beta-cell apoptosis elicited by stimuli implicated in the pathogenesis of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, recent studies involving the stimuli and signaling pathways of beta-cell apoptosis-in particular, mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinases-will be reviewed. It is concluded that immunological, inflammatory, and metabolic signals cause beta-cell apoptosis, and the possibility that these signals converge toward a common beta-cell death signaling pathway should be investigated further.
Thrombocytopenia is associated with a dysregulated host response in critically ill sepsis patients (2016)

Preclinical studies have suggested that platelets influence the host response during sepsis. We sought to assess the association of admission thrombocytopenia with the presentation, outcome, and host response in patients with sepsis. Nine hundred thirty-one consecutive sepsis patients were stratified according to platelet counts (very low <50 × 10(9)/L, intermediate-low 50 × 10(9) to 99 × 10(9)/L, low 100 × 10(9) to 149 × 10(9)/L, or normal 150 × 10(9) to 399 × 10(9)/L) on admission to the intensive care unit. Sepsis patients with platelet counts <50 × 10(9)/L and 50 × 10(9) to 99 × 10(9)/L presented with higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation scores and more shock. Both levels of thrombocytopenia were independently associated with increased 30-day mortality (hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals 2.00 [1.32-3.05] and 1.72 [1.22-2.44], respectively). To account for baseline differences besides platelet counts, propensity matching was performed, after which the association between thrombocytopenia and the host response was tested, as evaluated by measuring 17 plasma biomarkers indicative of activation and/or dysregulation of pathways implicated in sepsis pathogenesis and by whole genome blood leukocyte expression profiling. In the propensity matched cohort, platelet counts < 50 × 10(9)/L were associated with increased cytokine levels and enhanced endothelial cell activation. All thrombocytopenic groups showed evidence of impaired vascular integrity, whereas coagulation activation was similar between groups. Blood microarray analysis revealed a distinct gene expression pattern in sepsis patients with <50 × 10(9)/L platelets, showing reduced signaling in leukocyte adhesion and diapedesis and increased complement signaling. These data show that admission thrombocytopenia is associated with enhanced mortality and a more disturbed host response during sepsis independent of disease severity, thereby providing clinical validity to animal studies on the role of platelets in severe infection.
Combination Versus Sequential Single-Agent Therapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer (2002)

Abstract Learning Objectives After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the current and evolving role of combination therapy in the management of the breast cancer patient with advanced (metastatic) disease. Appreciate the principles of combination treatment design for breast cancer management. Describe those combination treatment regimens, which are designed rationally. Explain the current status of combination or sequential treatment in the management of advanced breast cancer and how clinicians might select options based on patient characteristics. Access and take the CME test online and receive one hour of AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com The optimal treatment approach in metastatic breast cancer is controversial. Until recently, the arguments for administering antitumor agents sequentially in the metastatic setting have traditionally outweighed those for administering agents in combination. Older, often empirically designed drug combinations were no more effective and often more toxic than monotherapy, compromising quality of life for little or no clinical benefit. However, more recent studies show that combination and sequential therapy both have their place in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer, with the heterogeneity of breast cancer demanding flexibility in approach. Newer drug combinations, such as paclitaxel/trastuzumab or capecitabine/docetaxel, show survival advantages over single-agent therapy and have manageable safety profiles. Such combination treatments may be preferable to sequential therapy for patients requiring urgent reduction in their tumor burden. Sequential therapy allows the optimal delivery of single-drug therapy and potentially reduces the risk of toxicity, which may improve quality of life. Sequential therapy may be especially appropriate in frail or elderly patients, who may be unable to tolerate the toxicity of combination therapy, or in patients with slowly growing tumors. This article expands on these issues by reviewing trials comparing combination regimens with sequential approaches.
[Treatment of septic or non-septic diaphyseal pseudoarthroses by Ilizarov's monofocal compression method]. (1985)

The treatment of non-union of long bones is one of the best indications for the use of Ilizarov external fixation. The method is somewhat expensive but without risk. In 20 patients, use of the technique achieved healing in cases in which traditional methods such as bone grafts, plates or other types of external fixator had failed. The main advantages are avoidance of further vascular disturbance, a stable and elastic fixation and the possibility of early weight-bearing with consequent compression.
Identification of a 1-cM region of common deletion on 4q35 associated with progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (1999)

To identify the location of one or more of the putative tumor suppressor genes (TSG) on chromosome arm 4q that may be involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we examined 96 primary HCCs for their patterns of allelic loss at 39 microsatellite marker loci distributed along this chromosome arm. Allelic loss at one or more loci was observed in 71 (74%) HCCs. Detailed deletion mapping identified two distinct commonly deleted regions; one was located within a 1-cM interval flanked by D4S1534 and D4S2929 at 4q21-22, the other in the 1-cM interval flanked by D4S2921 and D4S2930 at 4q35. Of the tumors for which clinical data were available, allelic loss at 4q35 was more frequent in poorly or moderately differentiated tumors than in well-differentiated tumors (3/15, 20%, vs. 14/21, 67%, P = 0.008); in tumors larger than 2 cm in size (2/11, 18%, vs. 34/62, 55%, P = 0.046); and in tumors that arose from liver cirrhosis as opposed to HCCs arising from chronic hepatitis (25/42, 60%, vs. 9/27, 33%, P = 0.048). The association of allelic losses on 4q35 with larger tumor size and aggressive histological type implies that loss or inactivation of TSG located within the 1-cM interval of 4q35 identified here contribute to progression of HCCs.
BSMAP: whole genome bisulfite sequence MAPping program (2009)

BSMAP is the first general-purpose bisulfite mapping software. It is able to map high-throughput bisulfite reads at whole genome level with feasible memory and CPU usage. It is freely available under GPL v3 license at http://code.google.com/p/bsmap/.
Notes - Potential Purine Antagonists. XIV. Synthesis of Some 4-(Substituted amino)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes - Potential Purine Antagonists. XIV. Synthesis of Some 4-(Substituted amino)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinesC. Noell and Roland RobinsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 10, 1547–1550Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1958Publication History Published online4 June 2003Published inissue 1 October 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01104a601https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01104a601research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Light-Induced Depolarization of Neurons Using a Modified Shaker K+ Channel and a Molecular Photoswitch (2006)

To trigger action potentials in neurons, most investigators use electrical or chemical stimulation. Here we describe an optical stimulation method based on semi-synthetic light-activated ion channels. These SPARK (synthetic photoisomerizable azobenzene-regulated K(+)) channels consist of a synthetic azobenzene-containing photoswitch and a genetically modified Shaker K(+) channel protein. SPARK channels with a wild-type selectivity filter elicit hyperpolarization and suppress action potential firing when activated by 390 nm light. A mutation in the pore converts the K(+)-selective Shaker channel into a nonselective cation channel. Activation of this modified channel with the same wavelength of light elicits depolarization of the membrane potential. Expression of these depolarizing SPARK channels in neurons allows light to rapidly and reversibly trigger action potential firing. Hence, hyper- and depolarizing SPARK channels provide a means for eliciting opposite effects on neurons in response to the same light stimulus.
Hybrid inertial and vision tracking for augmented reality registration (2003)

The biggest single obstacle to building effective augmented reality (AR) systems is the lack of accurate wide-area sensors for trackers that report the locations and orientations of objects in an environment. Active (sensor-emitter) tracking technologies require powered-device installation. Limiting their use to prepared areas that are relatively free of natural or man-made interference sources. Vision-based systems can use passive landmarks, but they are more computationally demanding and often exhibit erroneous behavior due to occlusion or numerical instability. Inertial sensors are completely passive, requiring no external devices or targets, however, the drift rates in portable strapdown configurations are too great for practical use. In this paper, we present a hybrid approach to AR tracking that integrates inertial and vision-based technologies. We exploit the complementary nature of the two technologies to compensate for the weaknesses in each component. Analysis and experimental results demonstrate this system's effectiveness.
[Crohn disease and infertility]. (2007)

The authors review current literature on Khrone disease. They carried out their own observation on influence of Khrone disease on reproductive function of women as there are contradictory data. The authors showed that surgical treatment because of Khrone disease favored pregnancy, normal course of pregnancy and timely child birth.
Java Examples in a Nutshell (1997)

From the Publisher:
This book is a companion volume to Java in a Nutshell. While Java in a Nutshell is a quick-reference at heart, it also includes an accelerated introduction to Java programming. Java Examples in a Nutshell picks up where that book leaves off, providing a suite of example programs for novice Java programmers and experts alike. This book doesn't hold your hand or supply detailed explanations of Java syntax or method calls; it simply delivers well-commented, working examples that explore the wide range of what is possible with Java 1.1. Each chapter concludes with programming exercises that suggest further avenues for building on what you have learned.