gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Sensible Heat Flux and Evapotranspiration Estimates Using a Surface Layer Scintillometer and a Large Weighing Lysimeter (2017)

Accurate estimates of actual crop evapotranspiration (ET) are important for optimal irrigation water management, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. Common ET sensing methods include Bowen Ratio, Eddy Covariance (EC), and scintillometers. Large weighing lysimeters are considered the ultimate standard for measurement of ET, however, they are expensive to install and maintain. Although EC and scintillometers are less costly and relatively portable, EC has known energy balance closure discrepancies. Previous scintillometer studies used EC for ground-truthing, but no studies considered weighing lysimeters. In this study, a Surface Layer Scintillometer (SLS) was evaluated for accuracy in determining ET as well as sensible and latent heat fluxes, as compared to a large weighing lysimeter in Bushland, TX. The SLS was installed over irrigated grain sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> (L.) Moench) for the period 29 July-17 August 2015 and over grain corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) for the period 23 June-2 October 2016. Results showed poor correlation for sensible heat flux, but much better correlation with ET, with r² values of 0.83 and 0.87 for hourly and daily ET, respectively. The accuracy of the SLS was comparable to other ET sensing instruments with an RMSE of 0.13 mm·h<sup>-1</sup> (31%) for hourly ET; however, summing hourly values to a daily time step reduced the ET error to 14% (0.75 mm·d<sup>-1</sup>). This level of accuracy indicates that potential exists for the SLS to be used in some water management applications. As few studies have been conducted to evaluate the SLS for ET estimation, or in combination with lysimetric data, further evaluations would be beneficial to investigate the applicability of the SLS in water resources management.
pH Dependence of Carboxylic and Mineral Acid Extraction by Amine-Based Extractants: Effects of pKa, Amine Basicity, and Diluent Properties (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTpH Dependence of Carboxylic and Mineral Acid Extraction by Amine-Based Extractants: Effects of pKa, Amine Basicity, and Diluent PropertiesAharon M. Eyal and Riki CanariCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1995, 34, 5, 1789–1798Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00044a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00044a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2190Altmetric-Citations178LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Low-dose Weekly Paclitaxel as Second-line Treatment for Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: a Phase II Study (2002)

A low-dose weekly paclitaxel regimen had good clinical efficacy with low toxicity in this group of patients with poor prognosis. This regimen increases the therapeutic options available for second-line therapy in NSCLC patients.
Microwave ablation of malignant hepatic tumours: Intraperitoneal fluid instillation prevents collateral damage and allows more aggressive case selection (2014)

Intraperitoneal fluid administration is a safe and effective method of protecting non-target structures during percutaneous hepatic microwave ablation. While hydrodisplacement for bowel protection allows more aggressive case selection, these cases were associated with higher rates of local tumour progression.
Stool therapy may become a preferred treatment of recurrentClostridium difficile? (2013)

Fecal enemas were first reported to successfully treat life threatening enterocolitis in 1958, but fecal therapy to treat Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) infection has remained esoteric and not well investigated until recently. In the past few years, systematic reviews of case series and case reports of fecal microbiota transplant for recurrent C. difficile infection have become available and validate use of fecal transplant for C. difficile enterocolitis. Methods of fecal transplant reported in the literature include: nasogastric tube, gastroscope, duodenal tube, colonoscopy, rectal tube, and fecal enemas administered at home; no method has been shown to be superior. A recent randomized study published in New England Journal of Medicine found fecal transplant to be superior to oral vancomycin alone in treatment of recurrent C. difficile enterocolitis. The significance of this trial cannot be underestimated as it lends credibility to the idea of intentionally using microbes to combat disease, providing an alternative to the older paradigm of disease eradication through use of antimicrobials.
Glycosylation of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone in Pituitary Tumor Cells: Influence of High Mannose Oligosaccharide Units on Subunit Aggregation, Combination, and Intracellular Degradation (1983)

We have studied the glycosylation of TSH in cell culture and have examined the influence of carbohydrate on subunit aggregation, intracellular degradation, and combination. Dispersed mouse thyrotropic tumor cells were labeled by pulse-chase methods with [35S]methionine and various 3H-labeled carbohydrates; cell lysates and media were precipitated with antisera to TSH alpha and TSH beta, and the products were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate gradient gel electrophoresis without or with preexposure to Endoglycosidase (Endo) H. At early pulses, both intracellular alpha and beta were mainly composed of one Endo H-sensitive (high mannose) carbohydrate unit and a small amount of nonglycosylated forms; alpha only had the posttranslational addition of a second high mannose unit. With increasing chase times up to 18 h, intracellular subunits showed a slow but progressive increase in Endo H-resistant (complex) forms, and media subunits were completely resistant. Preincubation of cells with tunicamycin caused production of nonglycosylated subunits that showed a high degree of aggregation, especially after heating at 37 C under nonreducing conditions. Unlike glycosylated subunits, which were not degraded, nonglycosylated subunits were 50-65% degraded intracellularly before secretion; the degradation caused by tunicamycin was specific for TSH subunits and not noted for other 35S-labeled proteins. Incubation of various 35S-labeled alpha forms with excess unlabeled TSH beta showed high combining activity for intracellular alpha with two high mannose units, intermediate activity for media alpha with two complex units, and low activity for intracellular alpha with one high mannose unit or nonglycosylated media alpha. These data suggest that the initial glycosylation with high mannose carbohydrate units prevents intracellular aggregation and degradation of TSH subunits and enhances attainment of the conformation necessary for alpha- and beta-subunit combination.
Childhood Outcomes after Hypothermia for Neonatal Encephalopathy (2012)

The rate of the combined end point of death or an IQ score of less than 70 at 6 to 7 years of age was lower among children undergoing whole-body hypothermia than among those undergoing usual care, but the differences were not significant. However, hypothermia resulted in lower death rates and did not increase rates of severe disability among survivors. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD Neonatal Research Network; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00005772.).
Evidence for Human Lung Stem Cells (2011)

Human lungs contain identifiable stem cells. In animal models, these cells participate in tissue homeostasis and regeneration. They have the undemonstrated potential to promote tissue restoration in patients with lung disease. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health.).
Reduction of E-cadherin levels and deletion of the alpha-catenin gene in human prostate cancer cells. (1993)

The cadherins are a family of transmembrane glycoproteins responsible for calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion. This adhesion is mediated by a group of cytoplasmic proteins, the catenins, which act inside the cell to couple the cadherin molecule to the microfilament cytoskeleton. Dysfunction of E-cadherin-dependent cell-cell adhesion has been demonstrated to contribute to the acquisition of invasive potential of malignant adenocarcinoma cells. The potential role of alterations of catenin expression in tumor cell invasion is largely unexplored. We have previously found that E-cadherin is frequently down-regulated in clinical samples of prostate cancer (Umbas, R., Schalken, J. A., Aalders, T. W., Carter, B. S., Karthaus, H. F. M., Schaafsma, H. E., Debruyne, F. M. J., and Isaacs, W. B. Cancer Res., 52: 5104-5109, 1992). In this study, we further investigate this adhesion system in both benign and malignant human prostate cells in culture. Using antibodies to E-cadherin and its cytoplasmic accessory protein, alpha-catenin, we find that 5 of 6 human prostate cancer cell lines have reduced or absent levels of one or the other or both of these molecules when compared to normal prostatic epithelial cells. Only the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line is indistinguishable from normal prostate epithelium with respect to its E-cadherin-alpha-catenin complement. Interestingly, the PC-3 line is characterized by the presence of E-cadherin, but the complete lack of alpha-catenin found at both the RNA and protein level. This lack of alpha-catenin gene expression is explained by Southern analysis, which reveals a homozygous deletion of a large portion of the alpha-catenin gene in PC-3 cells. This loss of alpha-catenin is functionally manifested by negligible Ca(2+)-dependent aggregation of these cells in vitro, when compared to LNCaP cells. These results confirm that E-cadherin-dependent cell-cell adhesion is frequently aberrant in prostate cancer cells, and suggest that in a subset of prostate cancers, this adhesion may be inactivated by loss of alpha-catenin rather than E-cadherin itself. Furthermore, these results demonstrate that mutational inactivation of the alpha-catenin gene is one mechanism responsible for the loss of normal cell-cell adhesion in prostate cancer.
A constraint-based manipulator toolset for editing 3D objects (1997)

We present TWEAK, a new constraint-based manipulator tool set for editing CAD models. Manipulators for positioning vertices, translating and orienting planes, and for translating and orienting rigid objects, appear on the graphic elements that are picked by the interactive user. These manipulators may be controlled by dragging handles. They are connected to an efficient three-dimensional geometric constraint solver, which ensures that the changes are consistent with the relationships defined between the geometric elements of the model. The manipulators can also be used to snap together objects to build assemblies, and they serve as temporary constraints to explicitly control the behavior of the constraint system in underconstrained situations. The manipulators also provide an optional grid system, discretizing the transformations and dimensions. The multiple functionality of the manipulators makes modifications of CAD models easy and intuitive, and at the same time, they provide the necessary accuracy. A few mouse clicks and drag operations can achieve what previously required a complex sequence of operations in CAD systems.
Persistent Expression of Dopamine-Synthesizing Enzymes 15 Years After Gene Transfer in a Primate Model of Parkinson's Disease (2017)

Restoring dopamine production in the putamen through gene therapy is a straightforward strategy for ameliorating motor symptoms for Parkinson's disease (PD). In a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) toxicity-based primate model of PD, we previously showed the safety and efficacy of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector-mediated gene delivery to the putamen of three dopamine-synthesizing enzymes (tyrosine hydroxylase [TH], aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase [AADC], and guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I [GCH]) up to 10 months postprocedure. Although three of four monkeys in this study have previously undergone postmortem analysis, one monkey was kept alive for 15 years after gene therapy to evaluate long-term effects. Here, we report that this monkey showed behavioral recovery in the right-side limb that remained unchanged for 15 years, at which time euthanasia was carried out owing to onset of senility. Immunohistochemistry of the postmortem brain from this monkey revealed persistent expression of TH, AADC, and GCH genes in the lesioned putamen. Transduced neurons were broadly distributed, with the estimated transduction region occupying 91% of the left postcommissural putamen. No signs of cytotoxicity or Lewy body pathology were observed in the AAV vector-injected putamen. This study provides evidence of long-term safety and efficacy of the triple-transduction method as a gene therapy for PD.
Core-referenced ratiometric fluorescent potassium ion sensors using self-assembled ultrathin films on europium nanoparticles (2005)

Nanoengineered fluorescent sensor coatings on colloidal carriers have been developed for use intracellularly. These nanosensors are fabricated via the electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly technique to form ultrathin polyelectrolyte films containing indicators on fluorescent nanoparticles. The fluorescent nanoparticle templates and the fluorescent indicator are chosen such that their optical properties are complementary, enabling the inert nanoparticle templates to serve as internal intensity references for the fluorescent probe. In this work, the potassium ion indicator, potassium-binding benzofuran isophthalate potassium-binding benzofuran isophthalate was immobilized within poly(styrene sulfonate)/poly(allylamine hydrochloride) films assembled on the surface of fluorescent europium nanoparticles. The indicator retains its sensitivity to potassium ions after immobilization within the films and exhibits sensitivity to increases in potassium concentration over a broad range. In addition, the sensors demonstrate excellent leaching stability, with less than 1% of loaded indicator leached after 14 days of wet storage. The core-referenced nanosensor scheme described here is a simple and elegant way to co-immobilize fluorescent indicator and intensity reference within a single nanoscale package, which may be deployed intracellularly; furthermore, the separation of fluorescent indicator from the cellular environment is attractive, as it may prevent complications due to use of liquid-phase fluorescent sensors intracellularly, such as cytotoxicity and probe compartmentalization.
Pharmacological and biochemical effects of pyrazofurin in humans. (1977)

After administration of Pyrazofurin (PF) in a dose range of 100 to 300 mg/sq m as a single i.v. bolus in patients with cancer, the drug distributed to a central compartment of approximately 150% of the total body water distribution. The initial plasma half-life was about 0.17 hr. The serum decay of the elimination phase was too slow to calculate from available data. Less than 12% of the administered PF was recovered from urine. Administration of PF at a dose of 250 mg/sq m, either as an i.v. bolus or as a 24-hr infusion, resulted in a fall of 14CO2 production from [7-14C]orotic acid (“orotic acid metabolism”) in normal and leukemic leukocytes to less than 10% of the pretreatment level on Day 2 or 3, followed by a gradual return to normal in 5 to 9 days. In some instances the recovery was much slower.

Administration of PF was also followed by urinary excretion of orotidine and orotic acid. The amount of urinary pyrimidine excretion was dose related and tended to be larger after a 24-hr infusion than after an i.v. bolus of the identical dose, although the recovery rate of the orotic acid metabolism in leukocytes seemed similar. PF was found to be uricosuric.

The long plasma half-life of the elimination phase of PF and the prolonged effects on the biochemical target indicate that the drug can best be administered intermittently. The apparently large distribution and low urinary excretion of PF imply extensive tissue uptake or biotransformation.
Best wavelet packet bases in a rate-distortion sense (1993)

A fast rate-distortion (R-D) optimal scheme for coding adaptive trees whose individual nodes spawn descendents forming a disjoint and complete basis cover for the space spanned by their parent nodes is presented. The scheme guarantees operation on the convex hull of the operational R-D curve and uses a fast dynamic programing pruning algorithm to markedly reduce computational complexity. Applications for this coding technique include R. Coefman et al.'s (Yale Univ., 1990) generalized multiresolution wavelet packet decomposition, iterative subband coders, and quadtree structures. Applications to image processing involving wavelet packets as well as discrete cosine transform (DCT) quadtrees are presented.
MPEG decoder architecture for embedded applications (1996)

A determinate global data transfer timing scheme will significantly reduce the complexity of global control and ease constraints on sub-modules. Such a scheme allows to construct functional modules based on an explicit performance and data flow requirement. A very low gate count hardware architecture for MPEG decoder is presented to demonstrate the concept.
Visualising the actin cytoskeleton (1999)

The actin cytoskeleton is a dynamic filamentous network whose formation and remodeling underlies the fundamental processes of cell motility and shape determination. To serve these roles, different compartments of the actin cytoskeleton engage in forming specific coupling sites between neighbouring cells and with the underlying matrix, which themselves serve signal transducing functions. In this review, we focus on methods used to visualise the actin cytoskeleton and its dynamics, embracing the use of proteins tagged with conventional fluorophores and green fluorescent protein. Included also is a comparison of cooled CCD technology, confocal and 2-photon fluorescence microscopy of living and fixed cells, as well as a critique of current procedures for electron microscopy. Microsc. Res. Tech. 47:3–17, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin (H3 Subtype) Requires Palmitoylation of Its Cytoplasmic Tail for Assembly: M1 Proteins of Two Subtypes Differ in Their Ability To Support Assembly (2005)

The influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) transmembrane domain boundary region and the cytoplasmic tail contain three cysteines (residues 555, 562, and 565 for the H3 HA subtype) that are highly conserved among the 16 HA subtypes and which are each modified by the covalent addition of palmitic acid. Previous analysis of the role of these conserved cysteine residues led to differing data, suggesting either no role for HA palmitoylation or an important role for HA palmitoylation. To reexamine the role of these residues in the influenza virus life cycle, a series of cysteine-to-serine mutations were introduced into the HA gene of influenza virus A/Udorn/72 (Ud) (H3N2) by using a highly efficient reverse genetics system. Mutant viruses containing HA-C562S and HA-C565S mutations had reduced growth and failed to form plaques in MDCK cells but formed wild-type-like plaques in an MDCK cell line expressing wild-type HA. In cell-cell fusion assays, nonpalmitoylated H3 HA, in both cDNA-transfected and virus-infected cells, was fully competent for HA-mediated membrane fusion. When the HA cytoplasmic tail cysteine mutants were examined for lipid raft association, using as the criterion Triton X-100 insolubility, loss of raft association did not show a direct correlation with a reduction in virus replication. However, mutant virus assembly was reduced in parallel with reduced virus replication. Additionally, a reassortant of strain A/WSN/33 (WSN), containing the Ud HA gene with mutations C555S, C562S, and C565S, produced virus that could form plaques on regular MDCK cells and had only moderately decreased replication, suggesting differences in the interactions between Ud and WSN HA and internal viral proteins. Analysis of M1 mutants containing substitutions in the six residues that differ between the Ud and WSN M1 proteins indicated that a constellation of residues are responsible for the difference between the M1 proteins in their ability to support virus assembly with nonpalmitoylated H3 HA.
Oncogene Addiction (2008)

Cancer cells contain multiple genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. Despite this complexity, their growth and survival can often be impaired by the inactivation of a single oncogene. This phenomenon, called "oncogene addiction," provides a rationale for molecular targeted therapy. The efficacy of this strategy requires novel methods, including integrative genomics and systems biology, to identify the state of oncogene addiction (i.e., the "Achilles heel") in specific cancers. Combination therapy may also be required to prevent the escape of cancers from a given state of oncogene addiction.
Glycosylation and the Immune System (2001)

Almost all of the key molecules involved in the innate and adaptive immune response are glycoproteins. In the cellular immune system, specific glycoforms are involved in the folding, quality control, and assembly of peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and the T cell receptor complex. Although some glycopeptide antigens are presented by the MHC, the generation of peptide antigens from glycoproteins may require enzymatic removal of sugars before the protein can be cleaved. Oligosaccharides attached to glycoproteins in the junction between T cells and antigen-presenting cells help to orient binding faces, provide protease protection, and restrict nonspecific lateral protein-protein interactions. In the humoral immune system, all of the immunoglobulins and most of the complement components are glycosylated. Although a major function for sugars is to contribute to the stability of the proteins to which they are attached, specific glycoforms are involved in recognition events. For example, in rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease, agalactosylated glycoforms of aggregated immunoglobulin G may induce association with the mannose-binding lectin and contribute to the pathology.
New Ring-Expansion Reactions of Hydroxy Propenoyl Cyclic Compounds under Palladium(0)/Phosphine-Catalyzed Conditions (2004)

[reaction: see text] Palladium(0)-catalyzed one-atom ring-expansion of 1-hydroxy-2,2-dialkyl-1-propenoylindan derivatives has been achieved in the presence of P(o-tolyl)(3) giving 2-hydroxy-3,3-dialkyl-2-vinyl-1-tetralone derivatives in excellent yields. This ring-expansion reaction was applied to a 17-(1-oxo-2-propenyl)-beta-estradiol derivative and furnished a similar ring-expanded product in an excellent yield.
Abstract 16265: Inhibition of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 With a Monoclonal Antibody REGN727/SAR236553, Effectively Reduces Low-Density-Lipoprotein Cholesterol, as Mono or Add-on Therapy in Heterozygous Familial and Non Familial Hypercholesterolemia (2011)

Since 2003 understanding of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has advanced from discovery to in vitro, animal, genetic and observational studies to suggest that inhibition of PC...