gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adenine formation from adenosine by mycoplasmas: adenosine phosphorylase activity. (1975)

Mammalian cells have enzymes to convert adenosine to inosine by deamination and inosine to hypoxanthine by phosphorolysis, but they do not possess the enzymes necessary to form the free base, adenine, from adenosine. Mycoplasmas grown in broth or in cell cultures can produce adenine from adenosine. This activity was detected in a variety of mycoplasmatales, and the enzyme was shown to be adenosine phosphorylase. Adenosine formation from adenine and ribose 1-phosphate, the reverse reaction of adenine formation from adenosine, was also observed with the mycoplasma enzyme. Adenosine phosphorylase is apparently common to the mycoplasmatales but it is not universal, and the organisms can be divided into three groups on the basis of their use of adenosine as substrate. Thirteen of 16 Mycoplasma, Acholeplasma, and Siroplasma species tested exhibit adenosine phosphorylase activity. M. lipophilium differed from the other mycoplasmas and shared with mammalian cells the ability to convert adenosine to inosine by deamination. M. pneumoniae and the unclassified M. sp. 70-159 showed no reaction with adenosine. Adenosine phosphorylase activity offers an additional method for the detection of mycoplasma contamination of cells. The patterns of nucleoside metabolism will provide additional characteristics for identification of mycoplasmas and also may provide new insight into the classification of mycoplasmas.
GDC-0980 Is a Novel Class I PI3K/mTOR Kinase Inhibitor with Robust Activity in Cancer Models Driven by the PI3K Pathway (2011)

Alterations of the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway occur broadly in cancer via multiple mechanisms including mutation of the PIK3CA gene, loss or mutation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and deregulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complexes. The dysregulation of this pathway has been implicated in tumor initiation, cell growth and survival, invasion and angiogenesis, thus, PI3K and mTOR are promising therapeutic targets for cancer. We discovered GDC-0980, a selective, potent, orally bioavailable inhibitor of Class I PI3 kinase and mTOR kinase (TORC1/2) with excellent pharmacokinetic and pharmaceutical properties. GDC-0980 potently inhibits signal transduction downstream of both PI3K and mTOR, as measured by pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarkers, thereby acting upon two key pathway nodes to produce the strongest attainable inhibition of signaling in the pathway. Correspondingly, GDC-0980 was potent across a broad panel of cancer cell lines, with the greatest potency in breast, prostate, and lung cancers and less activity in melanoma and pancreatic cancers, consistent with KRAS and BRAF acting as resistance markers. Treatment of cancer cell lines with GDC-0980 resulted in G1 cell-cycle arrest, and in contrast to mTOR inhibitors, GDC-0980 induced apoptosis in certain cancer cell lines, including those with direct pathway activation via PI3K and PTEN. Low doses of GDC-0980 potently inhibited tumor growth in xenograft models including those with activated PI3K, loss of LKB1 or PTEN, and elicited an exposure-related decrease in PD biomarkers. These preclinical data show that GDC-0980 is a potent and effective dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor with promise for the clinic.
Extracellular control of spore formation in Bacillus subtilis. (1988)

Spore formation in the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis has been classically viewed as an example of unicellular differentiation that occurs in response to nutritional starvation. We present evidence that B. subtilis produces an extracellular factor(s) that is required, in addition to starvation conditions, for efficient sporulation. This factor is secreted and accumulates in a cell density-dependent fashion such that cells at a low density sporulate poorly under conditions in which cells at a high density sporulate efficiently. Conditioned medium (sterile filtrate) from cells grown to a high density contains this extracellular differentiation factor (EDF-A) and stimulates spore formation of cells at low density under normal starvation conditions. EDF-A is heat-resistant, protease-sensitive, and dialyzable, indicating that it is at least in part an oligopeptide. Production of EDF-A is reduced or eliminated in spoOA and spoOB mutants, which are defective in many processes associated with the end of vegetative growth. Mutations in abrB, which suppress many of the pleiotropic phenotypes of spoOA mutants, restore production of EDF-A.
Comparison of ethylene carbonate and formamide as components of the hybridization mixture in FISH (2020)

The protocols for in situ hybridization (ISH) techniques can vary considerably; however, they usually include denaturation and hybridization steps. Denaturing compounds are used to reduce denaturation and hybridization temperature, which keeps the proper morphology of the preparation. Formamide is the most commonly used reagent in in situ hybridization to lower the melting temperature. The substitution of toxic formamide for a non-toxic ethylene carbonate at 20 % and 50 % concentration in the hybridization mixture helped obtain a high quality in situ hybridization result with two sequences characteristic for rye, JNK, and Bilby. The results after hybridization, with a duration of 90 min and 16 h, were identical when formamide or ethylene carbonate were used in the mixture. In addition, the toxic formamide was eliminated from the post-hybridization steps and specific hybridization signals for both probes were still obtained.
Effect of rhBMP‐2 dose on bone formation/maturation in a rat critical‐size calvarial defect model (2014)

rhBMP-2/ACS accelerates local bone formation in the rat critical-size through-through calvarial defect model once reaching an osteoinductive dose threshold. This threshold may already be reached at a 1.25-/2.5-μg dose in this model. No further enhancement to bone formation/maturation may be observed adding rhBMP-2 above the 2.5-μg dose. The 1.25-20.0 μg dose range did not invoke appreciable aberrant healing events.
Synthesis, Binding Affinity, and Functional in Vitro Activity of 3-Benzylaminomorphinan and 3-Benzylaminomorphine Ligands at Opioid Receptors (2012)

A series of 3-benzylamino-3-desoxymorphinan (I) and 3-benzylamino-3-desoxymorphine (II) derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their binding affinities, and functional activity data are presented at MOR, KOR, and DOR. Some of these ligands were found to have high binding affinity at MOR and KOR and displayed increased selectivity at MOR over KOR and DOR compared to butorphan or cyclorphan. The most selective compound, 3-(3'-hydroxybenzyl)amino-17-methylmorphinan (4g) (24-fold MOR to KOR and 1700-fold MOR to DOR) also showed high binding affinity (0.42 nM to MOR) and was a full agonist in the [(35)S]GTPγS binding assay. 2-(3'-Hydroxybenzyl)amino-17-cyclopropylmethylmorphinan (17) was found to be a KOR-selective ligand (150-fold over MOR and >10000-fold over the DORs). Most 3-benzylaminomorphinan derivatives were partial agonists at MOR and full agonists at KOR in the [(35)S]GTPγS binding assay.
연구논문 : 축제 참가 대학생의 관광행위지향성이 만족과 사후행위의도에 미치는 영향: 2010년 함평나비대축제를 중심으로 (2011)

The purpose of this study is to examine the influences of the tourists` action orientation on a tourism satisfaction and post intention of action of university students who attended a festival. The literature review, the survey were conducted to analyze the tourists` action orientation. The survey was conducted for university students who attended the 2010 hampyeong butterfly festival and 276 samples were collected. The result of this empirical test indicated that the tourists` action orientation had impacts on a tourism satisfaction and post intention of action. And among the tourists` action orientation, ``social pleasure`` action orientation had the more influences on a tourism satisfaction and post intention of action. In addition, tourism satisfaction and post intention of action were found to be positively correlated. Finally, the author suggested theoretical and practical implications of this study in order to build a series of festival markrting strategies for tourism satisfaction.
Statistical analysis of sketch estimators (2007)

Sketching techniques can provide approximate answers to aggregate queries either for data-streaming or distributed computation. Small space summaries that have linearity properties are required for both types of applications. The prevalent method for analyzing sketches uses moment analysis and distribution independent bounds based on moments. This method produces clean, easy to interpret, theoretical bounds that are especially useful for deriving asymptotic results. However, the theoretical bounds obscure fine details of the behavior of various sketches and they are mostly not indicative of which type of sketches should be used in practice. Moreover, no significant empirical comparison between various sketching techniques has been published, which makes the choice even harder. In this paper, we take a close look at the sketching techniques proposed in the literature from a statistical point of view with the goal of determining properties that indicate the actual behavior and producing tighter confidence bounds. Interestingly, the statistical analysis reveals that two of the techniques, Fast-AGMS and Count-Min, provide results that are in some cases orders of magnitude better than the corresponding theoretical predictions. We conduct an extensive empirical study that compares the different sketching techniques in order to corroborate the statistical analysis with the conclusions we draw from it. The study indicates the expected performance of various sketches, which is crucial if the techniques are to be used by practitioners. The overall conclusion of the study is that Fast-AGMS sketches are, for the full spectrum of problems, either the best, or close to the best, sketching technique. This makes Fast-AGMS sketches the preferred choice irrespective of the situation.
Microbial transformations. 12. Regiospecific and asymmetric oxidation of the remote double bond of geraniol (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicrobial transformations. 12. Regiospecific and asymmetric oxidation of the remote double bond of geraniolJ. D. Fourneron, A. Archelas, and R. FurstossCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 19, 4686–4689Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00280a043https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00280a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views257Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Suppressing Flash EEPROM Erase Leakage With Negative Gate Bias And LDD Erase Junction (1993)

With increasing memory density of Flash EEPROM, the gate-induced drain leakage (GIDL) due to band-to-band tunneling during erase can become an important concern since millions of transistors are erased at the same time. In the common scheme of the double-diffused junction and source erase, an additional negative-gate bias can reduce the needed junction voltage for erase but does not reduce GIDL. Channel erase can eliminate GIDL entirely, however the required high negative voltage adds to circuit/process complexity. In this paper we show that the combination of LDD source and negative-gate erase can reduce GIDL by orders of magnitude using lower negative-gate voltage than that of the channel erase.
Enhancement of in vitro and in vivo Antitumor Activity by Cord Factor (6-6′-Dimycolate of Trehalose) Administered Suspended in Saline (1983)

The antitumor activity of trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate (TDM) dispersed in saline was studied in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, macrophages from TDM-treated mice entirely abolish, even at a 1.25:1 effector/target cell ratio, the (3H)TdR incorporation of P815 mastocytoma cells to the culture in which they were added. In vivo, the number of P815 cells harvested 10 days after their injection into TDM-treated mice was reduced by a factor higher than 50. The slopes of the radiolabel elimination of TDM-treated mice injected with 10(7) 125I-UdR-labelled L1210 leukemic cells were greater than those of untreated controls. The interest of such a compound which seems to be one of the active structures responsible for the antitumor activity of BCG is its efficiency when administered dispersed in saline.
Wide-span optical frequency comb generator for accurate optical frequency difference measurement (1993)

An optical frequency comb (OFC) generator was realized for accurate optical frequency difference measurement of 1.5 mu m wavelength semiconductor lasers by using a high frequency LiNbO/sub 3/ electrooptic phase modulator which was installed in a Fabry-Perot cavity. It was confirmed that the span of the OFC was wider than 4 THz. By using semiconductor lasers whose spectrum linewidths were narrowed to 1 kHz and a sensitive optical balanced-mixer-receiver for measuring beat signal between the sideband of the comb and the laser, we demonstrated a frequency difference measurement up to 0.5 THz with a signal-to-noise ratio higher than 61 dB, and a heterodyne optical phase locking with a heterodyne frequency of 0.5 THz in which the residual phase error variance was less than 0.01 rad/sup 2/. The maximum measurable frequency difference, which was defined as the sideband frequency with the signal-to-noise ratio of 0 dB, was estimated to be 4 THz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
cDNA library construction from small amounts of RNA using paramagnetic beads and PCR (1993)

Journal Article cDNA library construction from small amounts of RNA using paramagnetic beads and PCR Get access Kris N. Lambert, Kris N. Lambert Department of Nematology, University of CaliforniaDavis, CA 95616, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Valerie M. Williamson Valerie M. Williamson * Department of Nematology, University of CaliforniaDavis, CA 95616, USA * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 21, Issue 3, 11 February 1993, Pages 775–776, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/21.3.775 Published: 11 February 1993 Article history Received: 06 November 1992 Revision received: 04 January 1993 Accepted: 04 January 1993 Published: 11 February 1993
Hydrogen sulfide protects from intestinal ischaemia–reperfusion injury in rats (2009)

The results suggest that H2S protects from intestinal I/R injury in rats, which is associated with increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes.
Genetics and new approaches to cancer therapy (2002)

The past two decades have been golden years for the genetics of cancer. It has become clear through the work of countless laboratory groups that both inherited and sporadic cancers arise through defects or misregulations of their genomes. Several dozen dominantly acting oncogenes have been identified, shown to be deregulated in human tumors and to positively influence one or another aspect of tumor development or behavior in experimental systems. A smaller, but still substantial, number of recessively mutated tumor suppressor genes have also been identified which, in defective form, predispose to malignancy, both in people and in genetically manipulated rodent models. The cartography of the order, accumulation and interactions of genetic lesions during tumor initiation and progression has reasonable detail for many human tumor types. Such information is proving to be tremendously valuable in diagnosis and in grouping patients into prognostic categories. There is every reason to believe that the continued use of increasingly sophisticated genomic and proteomic technologies will add another order of magnitude to the precision of such conclusions. One of the major reasons to have embarked on this sifting through the genomes of tumor cells has been the belief that tumor-specific defects will provide safer and more effective targets for therapy. While progress in this arena has been somewhat slower in pace, there are several examples now, such as drugs or antibodies targeting HER2, Bcr-Abl or the wild-type epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, to raise cautious optimism for the validity of this belief. It is now conceivable that future therapies will select combinations of drugs tailored to individual tumors and targeting with exquisite specificity different players in the same metabolic pathways or different pathways altogether. There are obvious advantages to such approaches: (i) the tumor-specificity of the targets should lead to a greater therapeutic window and less toxicity; (ii) the use of combination therapies may limit acquired resistance; and (iii) many of the defective pathways in tumor cells also affect drug or radiation sensitivities so that combined therapies using conventional and designed agents may be especially effective. In this Commentary, I would like to use an example from our own work to illustrate how basic genetics can lead to the identification of such a tumor-specific target, understanding of its mechanism of action and informed creation of therapeutics specifically aimed at it. This work has focused on the role of
Shear Stress–Induced Endothelial Cell Migration Involves Integrin Signaling Via the Fibronectin Receptor Subunits α 5 and β 1 (2002)

Endothelial cell (EC) migration is required for angiogenesis, neovascularization, and reendothelialization. Integrins, known as alphabeta-heterodimeric cell-surface receptors, regulate cell migration and are essential for mechanotransduction of hemodynamic forces. Therefore, we investigated the effect of shear stress on EC migration and the contribution of the integrins and integrin-dependent signaling pathways in a scratched-wound assay. Laminar shear stress-induced EC migration was significantly reduced by integrin-receptor blocking with RGD peptides or with neutralizing antibodies against integrin subunits alpha(5) and beta(1), whereas antibodies against alpha(v)beta(3) or alpha(2)beta(1) had no effect. Cell-surface levels of the integrin alpha(5) and beta(1) were specifically upregulated in migrating ECs at the wound edges. Consistent with the important role of integrins for shear stress-increased cell migration, blockade of the integrin-associated adapter protein Shc by overexpression of dominant negative construct inhibited shear stress-stimulated EC migration. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of the integrin downstream effector signaling molecules ERK1/2 or phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase prevented shear stress-induced EC migration. In contrast, inhibition of the NO synthase had no effect. Taken together, our results indicate that laminar shear stress enhances EC migration via the fibronectin receptor subunits alpha(5) and beta(1), which serve as central mechanotransducers in ECs. Shear stress-induced enhancement of EC migration might contribute importantly to accelerated reendothelialization of denuded arteries.
Expression of CD31, Met/hepatocyte growth factor receptor and bone morphogenetic protein in bone metastasis of osteosarcoma (2001)

The mechanism of metastasis of osteosarcoma cells to other bones has not yet fully been clarified. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether various factors involve the formation of osteosarcoma metastatic foci in other bones. Immunohistochemically, CD31 expression in osteosarcoma with no bone metastasis and osteosarcoma with bone metastasis was noted in 10 and 75% of cases, respectively. Met/hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor expression in osteosarcoma with no bone metastasis and osteosarcoma with bone metastasis was noted in 90 and 25% of cases, respectively. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) expression in osteosarcoma with no bone metastasis and osteosarcoma with bone metastasis was noted in 20 and 75% of cases, respectively. Metastasis of osteosarcoma cells to other bones was significantly correlated with expression of BMP and CD31 and with no expression of Met/HGF receptor protein in osteosarcoma cells. In contrast, expression of insulin-like growth factor receptor in osteosarcoma cells did not correlate significantly with bone metastasis. These results suggest that formation of metastatic foci of osteosarcoma cells in other bones is regulated by CD31, which is associated with migration between endothelial cells, by BMP, which can induce and activate various mesenchymal cells affecting bone formation, and by escape of effect by HGF, which promotes differentiation of osteosarcoma cells.
Long term effect on IOP of a stainless steel glaucoma drainage implant (Ex-PRESS) in combined surgery with phacoemulsification (2005)

The Ex-PRESS implant, combined with phacoemulsification cataract extraction, is clinically safe and effective, maintaining in the long term a large reduction in IOP and in the number of antiglaucoma medications.
Amyloidogenic processing of the Alzheimer β-amyloid precursor protein depends on lipid rafts (2003)

Formation of senile plaques containing the beta-amyloid peptide (A beta) derived from the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is an invariant feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). APP is cleaved either by beta-secretase or by alpha-secretase to initiate amyloidogenic (release of A beta) or nonamyloidogenic processing of APP, respectively. A key to understanding AD is to unravel how access of these enzymes to APP is regulated. Here, we demonstrate that lipid rafts are critically involved in regulating A beta generation. Reducing cholesterol levels in N2a cells decreased A beta production. APP and the beta-site APP cleavage enzyme (BACE1) could be induced to copatch at the plasma membrane upon cross-linking with antibodies and to segregate away from nonraft markers. Antibody cross-linking dramatically increased production of A beta in a cholesterol-dependent manner. A beta generation was dependent on endocytosis and was reduced after expression of the dynamin mutant K44A and the Rab5 GTPase-activating protein, RN-tre. This inhibition could be overcome by antibody cross-linking. These observations suggest the existence of two APP pools. Although APP inside raft clusters seems to be cleaved by beta-secretase, APP outside rafts undergoes cleavage by alpha-secretase. Thus, access of alpha- and beta-secretase to APP, and therefore A beta generation, may be determined by dynamic interactions of APP with lipid rafts.
376. Preparation and properties of deeply coloured, electrically conducting polymers (1961)

P. V. French, L. Roubinek and A. Wassermann, J. Chem. Soc., 1961, 1953 DOI: 10.1039/JR9610001953