gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Palladium-catalyzed reactions of organic halides with olefins (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPalladium-catalyzed reactions of organic halides with olefinsRichard F. HeckCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1979, 12, 4, 146–151Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar50136a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ar50136a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5729Altmetric-Citations1007LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
21.1: Invited Paper : Effect of Channel/Insulator Interface Formation Process on the Oxide TFT Performance (2009)

Abstract Since the first demonstration of oxide TFT driving AM‐OLED, oxide TFT technology has attracted explosive interesting and has been developed for the mass production. The performance of oxide TFT has been verified and the remained issue is bias temperature stability. In this paper, we report the effect of interface process including channel and back channel on the oxide TFT performance in a top gate and a bottom gate structure. We also demonstrate transparent AM‐OLED driven by highly stable Al doped ZTO TFT.
Novel Viral Disease Control Strategy: Adenovirus Expressing Alpha Interferon Rapidly Protects Swine from Foot-and-Mouth Disease (2002)

We have previously shown that replication of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is highly sensitive to alpha/beta interferon (IFN-alpha/beta). In the present study, we constructed recombinant, replication-defective human adenovirus type 5 vectors containing either porcine IFN-alpha or IFN-beta (Ad5-pIFNalpha or Ad5-pIFNbeta). We demonstrated that cells infected with these viruses express high levels of biologically active IFN. Swine inoculated with 10(9) PFU of a control Ad5 virus lacking the IFN gene and challenged 24 h later with FMDV developed typical signs of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), including fever, vesicular lesions, and viremia. In contrast, swine inoculated with 10(9) PFU of Ad5-pIFNalpha were completely protected when challenged 24 h later with FMDV. These animals showed no clinical signs of FMD and no viremia and did not develop antibodies against viral nonstructural proteins, suggesting that complete protection from infection was achieved.
Event‐related potential activity in the basal ganglia differentiates rewards from nonrewards: Temporospatial principal components analysis and source localization of the feedback negativity (2011)

Event-related potential studies of reward processing have consistently identified the feedback negativity (FN), an early neural response that differentiates feedback indicating unfavorable versus favorable outcomes. Several important questions remain, however, about the nature of this response. In this study, the FN was recorded in response to monetary gains and losses during a laboratory gambling task, and temporospatial principal components analysis was used to separate the FN from overlapping responses. The FN was identified as a positive deflection at frontocentral recording sites that was enhanced for rewards compared with nonrewards. Furthermore, source localization techniques identified the striatum as a likely neural generator. These data indicate that this apparent FN reflects increased striatal activation in response to favorable outcomes that is reduced or absent for unfavorable outcomes, thereby providing unique information about the timing and nature of basal ganglia activity related to reward processing.
1.5D inversion of lateral variation of Scholte-wave dispersion (2004)

Abstract Reliable models of in-situ shear-wave velocities of shallow-water marine sediments are important for geotechnical applications, lithological sediment characterization, and seismic exploration studies. We infer the 2D shear-wave velocity structure of shallow-water marine sediments from the lateral variation of Scholte-wave dispersion. Scholte waves are recorded in a common receiver gather generated by an air gun towed behind a ship away from a single stationary ocean-bottom seismometer. An offset window moves along the common receiver gather to pick up a local wavefield. A slant stack produces a slowness–frequency spectrum of the local wavefield, which contains all modes excited by the air gun. Amplitude maxima (dispersion curves) in the local spectrum are picked and inverted for the shear-wave velocity depth profile located at the center of the window. As the window continuously moves along the common receiver gather, a 2D shear-wave velocity section is generated. In a synthetic example the smooth lateral variation of surficial shear-wave velocity is well reconstructed. The method is applied to two orthogonal common receiver gathers acquired in the Baltic Sea (northern Germany). The inverted 2D models show a strong vertical gradient of shear-wave velocity at the sea floor. Along one profile significant lateral variation near the sea floor is observed.
TBX21 : A functional variant predicts improvement in asthma with the use of inhaled corticosteroids (2004)

TBX21 encodes for the transcription factor T-bet (T-box expressed in T cells), which influences naive T lymphocyte development and has been implicated in asthma pathogenesis. Specifically, the T-bet knockout mouse spontaneously develops airway hyperresponsiveness and other changes consistent with asthma. Because airway responsiveness is moderated by the use of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma, it is conceivable that genetic variation in TBX21 may alter asthma phenotypes in a treatment-specific fashion. Here we demonstrate that the nonsynonymous variation in TBX21 coding for replacement of histidine 33 with glutamine is associated with significant improvement in the PC(20) (a measure of airway responsiveness) of asthmatic children in a large clinical trial spanning 4 years. We note that this increase occurs only in the children randomized to inhaled corticosteroids and that it dramatically enhances the overall improvement in PC(20) associated with inhaled corticosteroid usage. The average PC(20) at trial end for subjects on inhaled corticosteroids possessing a variant allele was in the normal range for nonasthmatics. In cellular models, we show that the TBX21 variant increases T helper 1 and decreases T helper 2 cytokine expression comparably with wild type. TBX21 may thus be an important determinant pharmacogenetic response to the therapy of asthma with inhaled corticosteroids.
A Furin-like Convertase Mediates Propeptide Cleavage of BACE, the Alzheimer's β-Secretase (2000)

The novel transmembrane aspartic protease BACE (for Beta-site APP Cleaving Enzyme) is the beta-secretase that cleaves amyloid precursor protein to initiate beta-amyloid formation. As such, BACE is a prime therapeutic target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. BACE, like other aspartic proteases, has a propeptide domain that is removed to form the mature enzyme. BACE propeptide cleavage occurs at the sequence RLPR downward arrowE, a potential furin recognition motif. Here, we explore the role of furin in BACE propeptide domain processing. BACE propeptide cleavage in cells does not appear to be autocatalytic, since an inactive D93A mutant of BACE is still cleaved appropriately. BACE and furin co-localize within the Golgi apparatus, and propeptide cleavage is inhibited by brefeldin A and monensin, drugs that disrupt trafficking through the Golgi. Treatment of cells with the calcium ionophore, leading to inhibition of calcium-dependent proteases including furin, or transfection with the alpha(1)-antitrypsin variant alpha(1)-PDX, a potent furin inhibitor, dramatically reduces cleavage of the BACE propeptide. Moreover, the BACE propeptide is not processed in the furin-deficient LoVo cell line; however, processing is restored upon furin transfection. Finally, in vitro digestion of recombinant soluble BACE with recombinant furin results in complete cleavage only at the established E46 site. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that furin, or a furin-like proprotein convertase, is responsible for cleaving the BACE propeptide domain to form the mature enzyme.
Mice Deficient in Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) Are Less Susceptible to Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury (1999)

Mac-1 deficiency reduces neutrophil infiltration and cerebral cell death after transient focal cerebral ischemia. This finding may be related to a reduction in neutrophil extravasation in Mac-1-deficient mice.
Phase I Study of GC1008 (Fresolimumab): A Human Anti-Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGFβ) Monoclonal Antibody in Patients with Advanced Malignant Melanoma or Renal Cell Carcinoma (2014)

Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00356460.
An improved protocol for determining ratios of retinol-d4 to retinol isolated from human plasma (1993)

An improved protocol for assessing vitamin A status in humans using stable isotope dilution is described. Human subjects were given an oral dose of retinyl-d4 acetate, and blood specimens were collected after a period of pseudoequilibration. After the precipitation of proteins, the plasma was extracted with hexane and partitioned against acetonitrile. Retinol was isolated from the acetonitrile fraction using HPLC, and the retinol was converted to its tert-butyldimethylsilyl ether and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry using selected-ion monitoring. The new method allows for more rapid isolation of retinol from plasma with fewer interferences than were seen in our earlier work. Significant improvements in the reliability, sensitivity, and precision of the method have been obtained in the present study, and these improvements should allow for the use of smaller doses of isotopically labeled vitamin A for evaluation of the vitamin A status of human populations.
High efficiency electroporation of intact Corynebacterium glutamicum cells (1989)

High-frequency electroporation of whole Corynebacterium glutamicum cells without enzymatic pretreatment was achieved. Under optimized conditions concerning growth stage, washing of cells, cell concentration and pulse parameters transformation efficiencies of far more than 107 transformants per μg pWST4B plasmid DNA were reached. Using electroporation, linearised and subsequently religated plasmid as well as chimeric ligase reaction products were directly introduced into C. glutamicum with reasonable efficiencies. Electrotransformation efficiency was reduced about 105-fold for plasmid DNA cycled through E. coli JM83. Restriction deficient mutants of C. glutamicum were isolated which could be efficiently transformed with foreign DNA.
Independently gated multiple substates of an epithelial chloride-channel protein. (1993)

We have purified a protein from Necturus maculosus gallbladder cells that forms chloride channels in an artificial membrane. The same protein apparently can form channels that are highly selective for chloride but can have conductances varying from 9 to about 150 pS. The high-conductance channels are blocked by the monoclonal antibody used to purify the protein, but this antibody has no effect on the 9-pS channels. The observation that gating of the low- and high-conductance states is independent and that the antibody affects only the latter has implications regarding the control of chloride conductance in cell membranes and the different types of channels described in those cells.
Light Prevents Exogenous 11-cisRetinal from Maintaining Cone Photoreceptors in Chromophore-Deficient Mice (2011)

Thus, 11-cis retinal by itself, as well as other agents that form photosensitive pigments, will not be good therapeutic candidates for preserving cones in LCA.
Nondissociation of GAL4 and GAL80 in Vivo After Galactose Induction (1992)

Transcription of galactose-inducible genes in yeast is regulated by interaction between the activator protein GAL4 and the negative regulatory protein GAL80. It has been suggested that GAL80 binds to and represses GAL4 under uninduced conditions and dissociates from GAL4 on induction. However, the possibility that GAL80 remains associated with GAL4 after induction has not been ruled out. Experiments to discriminate between these two models were performed and revealed that GAL80 stays bound after induction.
BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) serum levels in schizophrenic patients with cognitive deficits (2018)

Schizophrenia is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with cognitive impairment as the main part. BDNF regulates aspects of developmental plasticity in the brain and is involved in cognitive function. Cognitive functions include capabilities such as attention, executive functioning, assessing, monitoring and evaluating. The aim of the study was to know the BDNF levels in schizophrenic patients with cognitive deficits. The study was held in October 2016 - March 2017, and was the first in Indonesia, especially in North Sumatra. The study was approved by the medical ethics committee of the University of North Sumatera. The study is descriptive based on a retrospective method with cross-sectional approach. The subject is 40 male schizophrenia. Cognitive deficits were assessed by MoCA-Ina. BDNF serum levels were analyzed using the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay. The average MoCA-Ina score is 21.03±5.21. This suggests that there is a cognitive function deficit in schizophrenic patients. The mean serum BDNF level was 26629±6762. MoCA-Ina scores in schizophrenic patients <26 who experienced a deficit of 77.5% and serum BDNF levels with normal values ranging from 6.186 to 42.580pg/ml.
Clinical experiences with thalidomide in patients with cancer (1965)

Thalidomide (N‐phthaloylglutamimide) was used as a screening agent in the treatment of 71 patients with a wide spectrum of cancers. The production of embryonic defects by this compound prompted us to use it as an anticancer agent. There was no evidence of ob;ective response in any except one patient with renal cell cancer whose pulmonary lesions disappeared after treatment. This patient had also had nephrectomy, and it is highly possible that this response represented spontaneous regression of pulmonary metastases after operation, an event preViously observed with this tumor.
GPR119 agonists, a novel approach for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (2010)

2型糖尿病は糖尿病の90～95%以上を占め，遺伝素因および過食・肥満・運動不足などの環境素因を原因とする生活習慣病である．これらの因子が複雑に絡み合い，膵臓β細胞からのインスリン分泌不足と末梢組織でのインスリン作用不足の両面により，初期においては食後のインスリン分泌量の低下による食後高血糖が起こる．その後，慢性的な高血糖状態を経て，最終的には網膜症・神経症・腎症・心血管障害などの合併症を引き起こし，患者のquality of lifeを著しく損ない，死に至るケースもある．臨床においては，複数の血糖降下薬が存在し，単剤もしくは併用剤・合剤による治療が行われているが，新規に糖尿病および合併症へ移行する患者数は世界レベルで増加の一途を辿っている．従って，その抑止には，厳格な血糖コントロールに加えて，膵臓保護作用，体重抑制作用，心血管イベントに対する保護作用などのいずれかを有するもしくは併せ持つような新規メカニズムの画期的薬剤が必要であり，各製薬企業においてその開発が進められている．GPR119は，膵臓β細胞と腸内分泌細胞に高発現しているGαSタンパク質共役型のGPCRで，細胞内cAMP上昇を介し，膵臓β細胞においては，グルコース依存性のインスリン分泌促進作用，腸内分泌細胞においては，インクレチンホルモンであるglucagon-like peptide-1（GLP-1），glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide（GIP）の分泌促進作用に関与している．これらの機能から，GPR119アゴニストは新規2型糖尿病治療薬となる可能性があり，現在，多くの製薬企業において，研究が進められている．また，化合物の構造によっては抗肥満作用を示すような化合物も見出されており，単剤で糖尿病のみならず，肥満をカバーできる創薬コンセプトの可能性を秘めている．本稿では，これまでに報告されているGPR119の機能，低分子GPR119アゴニストの薬理作用の知見に加えて，現在臨床試験が進行中の化合物に関する情報について紹介したい．
Innovation—drugs and diagnostics (2007)

The control of antibiotic resistance presents a complex and multifaceted challenge. Professional societies, governments and international agencies, including the WHO, have identified a strategy that emphasizes the importance of microbiological surveillance, monitoring antibiotic use, prudent prescribing, education of healthcare professionals and the public and encouraging the development of new drugs and other technologies. The flow of new classes of antibiotic has substantially declined at a time when resistance rates and new problems have increased significantly. The decline in prescribing rates, the emphasis on the use of generics, the multiple hurdles to be negotiated with licensing authorities and reimbursement agencies are in part responsible. In addition, the failure of genomic-based drug development to show a return on investment has compounded this problem. With this background, a number of organizations have made efforts to raise these concerns with governments, academia, funding agencies and other relevant parties. The Specialist Advisory Committee on Antimicrobial Resistance recognized the need to address the technology gap. A European Union Intergovernmental Conference was organized on behalf of the UK Department of Health entitled 'Antibiotic resistance - action to promote new technologies' in December 2005. The conference gathered together delegates from academia, industry, funding agencies, healthcare management, the European Medicines Evaluation Agency, The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, European Directorates and representatives of Member States. Its recommendations have been published.
Simple, rapid, and quantitative release of periplasmic proteins by chloroform (1984)

We introduce a method by which periplasmic proteins can be released rapidly, simply, and quantitatively by treating cells with chloroform. All the amino acid-binding proteins tested maintained their activity during chloroform treatment. This method makes practical the analysis of the periplasmic protein complement of a large number of strains.
Critical questions in ovarian cancer research and treatment: Report of an American Association for Cancer Research Special Conference (2019)

Substantial progress has been made in understanding ovarian cancer at the molecular and cellular level. Significant improvement in 5-year survival has been achieved through cytoreductive surgery, combination platinum-based chemotherapy, and more effective treatment of recurrent cancer, and there are now more than 280,000 ovarian cancer survivors in the United States. Despite these advances, long-term survival in late-stage disease has improved little over the last 4 decades. Poor outcomes relate, in part, to late stage at initial diagnosis, intrinsic drug resistance, and the persistence of dormant drug-resistant cancer cells after primary surgery and chemotherapy. Our ability to accelerate progress in the clinic will depend on the ability to answer several critical questions regarding this disease. To assess current answers, an American Association for Cancer Research Special Conference on "Critical Questions in Ovarian Cancer Research and Treatment" was held in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on October 1-3, 2017. Although clinical, translational, and basic investigators conducted much of the discussion, advocates participated in the meeting, and many presentations were directly relevant to patient care, including treatment with poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, attempts to improve immunotherapy by overcoming the immune suppressive effects of the microenvironment, and a better understanding of the heterogeneity of the disease.
Recent investigations into pig antigen and anti-pig antibody expression (2015)

Genetic engineering of donor pigs to eliminate expression of the dominant xenogeneic antigen galactose α1,3 galactose (Gal) has created a sea change in the immunobiology of xenograft rejection. Antibody mediated xenograft rejection of GGTA-1 α-galactosyltransferase (GTKO) deficient organs is now directed to a combination of non-Gal pig protein and carbohydrate antigens. Glycan analysis of GTKO tissues identified no new neo-antigens but detected high levels of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) modified glycoproteins and glycolipids. Humans produce anti-Neu5Gc antibody and in very limited clinical studies sometimes show an induced anti-Neu5Gc antibody response after challenge with pig tissue. The pathogenicity of anti-Neu5Gc antibody in xenotransplantation is not clear however as non-human transplant models, critical for modelling anti-Gal immunity, do not produce anti-Neu5Gc antibody. Antibody induced after xenotransplantation in non-human primates is directed to an array of pig endothelial cells proteins and to a glycan produced by the pig B4GALNT2 gene. We anticipate that immune suppression will significantly affect the T-cell dependent and independent specificity of an induced antibody response and that donor pigs deficient in synthesis of multiple xenogeneic glycans will be important to future studies.
Hyaluronan-binding Proteins: Tying Up the Giant (2002)

In recent years significant advances have been made in the identification of new hyaladherins and in our knowledge of hyaluronan-protein interactions. Determination of the three-dimensional structures of different types of -hyaluronan-binding domains and their ligand complexes is clearly essential if we are to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the diverse biology of this important glycosaminoglycan.
Measuring the Functional Impact of Fatigue: Initial Validation of the Fatigue Impact Scale (1994)

The fatigue impact scale (FIS) was developed to improve our understanding of the effects of fatigue on quality of life. The FIS examines patients' perceptions of the functional limitations that fatigue has caused over the past month. FIS items reflect perceived impact on cognitive, physical, and psychosocial functioning. This study compared 145 patients referred for investigation of chronic fatigue (ChF) with 105 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 34 patients with mild hypertension (HT). Internal consistency for the FIS and its three subscales was > .87 for all analyses. Fatigue impact was highest for the ChF group although the MS group's reported fatigue also exceeded that of the HT group. Discriminant function analysis correctly classified 80.0% of the ChF group and 78.1% of the MS group when these groups were compared. This initial validation study indicates that the FIS has considerable merit as a measure of patient's attribution of functional limitations to symptoms of fatigue.
The Costs and Benefits of Moving to the ICD-10 Code Sets (2004)

Presents RAND’s analysis of the benefits and costs of mandating a switch (either simultaneously or sequentially) from the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, codes for diagnoses and procedures to two code sets based on the 10th revision. The author concludes that that switching to both ICD-10-CM and ICD-10-PCS is likely to generate more benefits than costs and that the switch, if it takes place, should be simultaneous.
Discrete Cosine and Sine Transforms: General Properties, Fast Algorithms and Integer Approximations (2006)

The Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is used in many applications by the scientific, engineering and research communities and in data compression in particular. Fast algorithms and applications of the DCT Type II (DCT-II) have become the heart of many established international image/video coding standards. Since then other forms of the DCT and Discrete Sine Transform (DST) have been investigated in detail. This new edition presents the complete set of DCT and DST discrete trigonometric transforms, including their definitions, general mathematical properties, and relations to the optimal Karhune