gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
‘Green mice’ as a source of ubiquitous green cells (1997)

The green fluorescent protein (GFP) is responsible for the green bioluminescence of the jellyfish Aequorea victoria. Many classes of GFP mutants exist that display modified fluorescence spectra and an increased extinction coefficient. We produced transgenic mouse lines with an 'enhanced' GFP (EGFP) cDNA under the control of a chicken beta-actin promoter and cytomegalovirus enhancer. All of the tissues from these transgenic lines, with the exception of erythrocytes and hair, were green under excitation light. The fluorescent nature of the cells from these transgenic mouse lines would facilitate their use in many kinds of cell transplantation experiments.
Sequences and Factors: A Guide to MHC Class-II Transcription (1992)

The expression of the class-II antigens of the major histocompatibility complex is tissue-specific, developmentally regulated in cells of the B lineage, and inducible by cytokine. Some of the molecular mechanisms that account for this regulation have recently been elucidated. DNA sequences upstream of human and mouse class-II genes that are critical for the transcription of these genes have been identified through transfection studies and transgenic analysis. Furthermore, a number of transcription factors that bind to important promoter motifs have recently been isolated. Examination of the class-II promoter in vivo both in the normal state and in patients with bare lymphocyte syndrome has further increased our understanding of class-II regulation.
Regulation of cardiac and skeletal muscle protein synthesis by individual branched-chain amino acids in neonatal pigs (2005)

Skeletal muscle grows at a very rapid rate in the neonatal pig, due in part to an enhanced sensitivity of protein synthesis to the postprandial rise in amino acids. An increase in leucine alone stimulates protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of the neonatal pig; however, the effect of isoleucine and valine has not been investigated in this experimental model. The left ventricular wall of the heart grows faster than the right ventricular wall during the first 10 days of postnatal life in the pig. Therefore, the effects of individual BCAA on protein synthesis in individual skeletal muscles and in the left and right ventricular walls were examined. Fasted pigs were infused with 0 or 400 micromol x kg(-1) x h(-1) leucine, isoleucine, or valine to raise individual BCAA to fed levels. Fractional rates of protein synthesis and indexes of translation initiation were measured after 60 min. Infusion of leucine increased (P < 0.05) phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)4E-binding protein-1 and increased (P < 0.05) the amount and phosphorylation of eIF4G associated with eIF4E in longissimus dorsi and masseter muscles and in both ventricular walls. Leucine increased (P < 0.05) the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein (rp)S6 kinase and rpS6 in longissimus dorsi and masseter but not in either ventricular wall. Leucine stimulated (P < 0.05) protein synthesis in longissimus dorsi, masseter, and the left ventricular wall. Isoleucine and valine did not increase translation initiation factor activation or protein synthesis rates in skeletal or cardiac muscles. The results suggest that the postprandial rise in leucine, but not isoleucine or valine, acts as a nutrient signal to stimulate protein synthesis in cardiac and skeletal muscles of neonates by increasing eIF4E availability for eIF4F complex assembly.
Modulation of porcine adipocyte beta-adrenergic receptors by a beta-adrenergic agonist. (2000)

Mammalian cells have several mechanisms to decrease the response to beta-adrenergic agonists. Agonists are metabolized or taken up by nerve endings. The beta-adrenergic receptors (betaAR) are inactivated by phosphorylation and removed from the cell membrane, and synthesis is decreased or degradation is increased. Knowledge about adipocyte betaAR desensitization is mostly from rodent adipocytes with > or = 90% beta3AR. Porcine adipocyte betaAR have functional and ligand-binding properties that are quite different from those in many other species. Furthermore, the predominant betaAR subtype in the porcine adipocyte is the beta1AR (70 to 80%). Given these species differences, it might be expected that desensitization in porcine adipocytes would not be totally concordant with the rodent-derived model. Isolated porcine adipocytes were incubated without or with a betaAR agonist, isoproterenol. The total betaAR number, measured by ligand-binding in a crude membrane fraction, tended to be lower after 6 h of incubation without isoproterenol. The addition of 10(-5) M isoproterenol during the incubation caused the betaAR number to decrease 43% compared to cells incubated without isoproterenol. The beta1AR and beta2AR transcript concentrations both decreased 45% after 6 h of incubation without isoproterenol. There was no decrease in mRNA when cells were incubated with isoproterenol. The results suggest the betaAR were desensitized by incubation with isoproterenol, perhaps by phosphorylation and removal from the membrane, but this was not accompanied by modulation of the concentration of transcripts for beta1AR or beta2AR.
Modulation of red blood cell aggregation and blood viscosity by the covalent attachment of Pluronic copolymers (2001)

Despite many years of research, the physiologic or possible pathologic significance of RBC aggregation remains to be clearly determined. As a new approach to address an old question, we have recently developed a technique to vary the aggregation tendency of RBCs in a predictable and reproducible fashion by the covalent attachment of nonionic polymers to the RBC membrane. A reactive derivative of each polymer of interest is prepared by substitution of the terminal hydroxyl group with a reactive moiety, dichlorotriazine (DT), which covalently bonds the polymer molecule to membrane proteins. Pluronics are block copolymers of particular interest as these copolymers can enhance or inhibit RBC aggregation. Pluronics exhibit a critical micellization temperature (CMT): a phase transition from predominantly single, fully hydrated copolymer chains to micelle-like structures. The CMT is a function of both copolymer molecular mass and concentration. This micellization property of Pluronics has been utilized to enhance or inhibit RBC aggregation and hence to vary low-shear blood viscosity. Pluronic-coated RBCs were prepared using reactive DT derivatives of a range of Pluronics (F68, F88, F98 and F108) and resuspended in autologous plasma at 40% hematocrit. Blood viscosity was measured at a range of shear rates (0.1-94.5 s(-1)) and at 25 and 37 degrees C using a Contraves LS-30 couette low shear viscometer. RBC aggregation and whole blood viscosity was modified in a predictable manner depending upon the CMT of the attached Pluronic and the measurement temperature: below the CMT, RBC aggregation was diminished; above the CMT it was enhanced. This technique provides a novel tool to probe some basic research questions. While certainly of value for in vitro mechanistic studies, perhaps the most interesting application may be for in vivo studies: typically, intravital experiments designed to examine the role of RBC aggregation in microvascular flow require perturbation of the suspending plasma to promote or reduce aggregation (e.g., by the addition of dextran). By binding specific Pluronics to the surface, we can produce RBCs that intrinsically have any desired degree of increased or decreased aggregation when suspended in normal plasma, thereby eliminating many potential artifacts for in vivo studies. The copolymer coating technique is simple and reproducible, and we believe it will prove to be a useful tool to help address some of the longstanding questions in the field of hemorheology.
A digital frequency synthesizer (1971)

A digital frequency synthesizer has been designed and constructed based on generating digital samples of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\exp [j(2^{\pi}nk/N)]</tex> at time <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nT</tex> . The real and imaginary parts of this exponential form samples of quadrature sinusoids where the frequency index <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</tex> is allowed to vary <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(-N/4) \leq K &lt; (N/4)</tex> . The digital samples drive digital to analog converters followed by low-pass interpolating filters to produce analog sinusoids. The method is superior to digital difference equations with poles on the unit circle since the noise or numerical inaccuracy remains bounded. The digital technique used consists of factoring the exponential into two table look-ups from an efficiently organized small READ-ONLY memory table and performing a complex multiply to produce the real and imaginary components. A small array multiplier efficiently organized performs the multiplications. The technique lends itself to the production of phase coherent or phase controlled sinusoids because of the indexing arrangement used. In addition finer frequency steps than the READ-ONLY memory allows are available by expanding the indexing register at no increase in inaccuracy.
[Antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCA): description and immunopathological role]. (2000)

These antibodies are specific for antigens in the cytoplasm of neutrophils. The main antigenic targets are proteinase 3(PR3) and myeloperoxydase (MPO) but other targets have been described without determinant conclusions for clinical practice. Staining patterns can be distinguished by an indirect immunofluorescence test (IFI), in which ethanol fixed neutrophils from healthy donors are incubated with patient's sera. Two patterns are distinguished: cytoplasmic pattern (c-ANCA) and perinuclear pattern (p-ANCA). When ANCA are detected by IFI, from a practical point of view, anti -MPO and anti-PR3 antibodies are tested. ANCA have been strongly associated with a spectrum of necrotizing small vessel vasculitides that includes Wegener's granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis, Churg and Strauss syndrome, pauci-immune focal necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis. ANCA are a diagnosic marker and useful for the follow-up of the patients. ANCA can be observed in other pathologies: rhumatismal autoimmune diseases, inflammatory gut diseases, after drugs (hydralazine, minocycline, propylthiouracil), after silical exposition, infections (cystic fibrosis, endocarditis, HIV infection). The specificity is different and rarely anti-MPO. The ANCA role for the development of vasculitis is not completely elucidated. Some arguments are against a primary role of ANCA in the development of vasculitis. Certainly, amplification role for neutrophil activation is demonstrated but the primary event responsible of neutrophil activation is not yet defined.
Functional biosynthesis of cell wall peptidoglycan by polymorphic bifunctional polypeptides. Penicillin-binding protein 1Bs of Escherichia coli with activities of transglycosylase and transpeptidase. (1984)

Dual enzyme activities for the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan of the cell wall are located in major higher molecular weight penicillin-binding proteins (PBP) of Escherichia coli. Each of these proteins catalyzes the two successive final reactions in the synthesis of cross-linked peptidoglycan from the precursor N-acetylglucosaminyl-N-acetylmuramyl peptide linked to undecaprenol diphosphate; namely, the transglycosylation that extends the glycan chain and the penicillin-sensitive DD-transpeptidation that cross-links the glycan chains through two peptide side chains. Both transglycosylation and transpeptidation catalyzed by PBP-1Bs represent de novo synthesis of cross-linked peptidoglycan. Under appropriate conditions, about 25% cross-linkage was observed during the reaction, the main reaction product supposedly being a regularly cross-linked network of peptidoglycan. The two domains for the transglycosylase and transpeptidase activities were found to be located on a 50-kDa portion of the PBP-1Bs, which are about 90 kDa. Gene recombination experiments indicated that the transglycosylase domain is located upstream, i.e. on the N-terminal side of the transpeptidase domain, suggesting that the gene for these bifunctional peptides may have been formed by fusion of the genes for transglycosylase and transpeptidase that were previously located separately on the chromosome in this order.
Automation of Nanoscale Microcapillary Liquid Chromatography−Tandem Mass Spectrometry with a Vented Column (2002)

To fully automate the sample introduction step for nanoscale microcapillary liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses, 75 microm i.d. x 14 cm capillary columns were interfaced with a commercial autosampler instrument using a novel procedure which allowed dilute peptide samples to be transferred from the AS loop injector to the nanoscale column at flow rates up to 5 microL min(-1). On-column enrichment and desalting was demonstrated for large sample volumes (>40 microL) by constructing a vent 2 cm after the entrance to the packed bed of 5-microm ODS-AQ modified silica. Salts and nonretained solutes were removed via the vent, which allowed for column washing independent of the continuation of the bed into the electrospray source. Separations of test peptide mixtures demonstrated 50-nL elution peak volumes with low- to subfemtomole detection levels. In addition, a highly complex peptide mixture (outer membrane preparation from Psuedemonas aeruginosa) was efficiently separated with more than 100 proteins identified from a single reversed-phase LC-MS/MS analysis. Finally, the vented column (V-column) was utilized for on-line separations in a multidimensional chromatography/tandem MS experiment where large numbers of strong cation exchange chromatography fractions from a trypsinized yeast lysate were desalted, concentrated, and analyzed in a completely automated fashion. The procedures for constructing and using a V-column require minimal changes in current methods and equipment for nano-LC-MS analyses using columns of 100-microm diameter and smaller.
Myocardial topical negative pressure increases blood flow in hypothermic, ischemic myocardium (2008)

Only a TNP level of -50 mmHg significantly increased the microvascular blood flow in both the epicardium and in the myocardium during hypothermia.
Elevated levels of urine angiostatin and plasminogen/plasmin in cancer patients. (2000)

Previously, a specific angiogenesis inhibitor, angiostatin, discovered in urine and serum of tumor-bearing mice, was reported to potently block tumor growth and metastasis in animal models. Detection of angiostatin and its precursor proteins in urine from cancer patients has not been reported. Now, we report the development of an antibody-based analysis system that allows us to detect angiostatin and plasminogen/plasmin (Pgn/plasmin) in the urine of cancer patients. The detection system is a combination of a novel lysine-ELISA assay and Western immunoblot analysis using a specific antibody to human angiostatin and Pgn/plasmin. High levels of Pgn/plasmin were detected in the urine from various cancer patients, whereas healthy individuals showed relatively low levels of urine Pgn/plasmin. Of interest, angiostatin is detectable in urine samples of patients with various cancers, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia, suggesting that angiogenesis may play an important role in the development and progression of leukemia. Our data for the first time show that angiostatin and Pgn/plasmin are present at relatively high levels in the urine of human cancer patients. Detection of urine angiostatin in cancer patients helps us not only to understand the role of this angiogenesis inhibitor in cancer development and progression but also allows us to develop tools of cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Thus angiostatin has both therapeutic and diagnostic implications in cancer disease.
Hemorrhagic Transformation in Acute Ischemic Stroke (1997)

Since all potential contributing factors are readily discernible upon hospital admission, they should be used to improve selection of patients into future studies.
Tumor Growth Inhibition by Indomethacin in a Mouse Model of Human Medullary Thyroid Cancer: Implication of Cyclooxygenases and 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase (2004)

Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a C cell neoplasm-secreting calcitonin. Surgery remains the only treatment as the primary tumor and metastases resist radio- and chemotherapies. MTC produces high amounts of prostaglandins (PGs). Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs have an antitumoral effect, generally related to the decrease of PG levels. We assessed the therapeutic potential of indomethacin in a model of human (TT cells) tumors in nude mice. Indomethacin (1.5 or 2.0 mg/kg body weight.d for 7 wk) inhibited tumor volume by 49 or 77%, respectively, and decreased the plasma level of CT. Although the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling method revealed few apoptotic nuclei, the number of proliferating cells was significantly decreased (Ki-67 antigen study). Immunological effector recruitment and vascular network was not modified by treatment. The inducible synthesis enzyme, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), was revealed only in infiltrating cells, both in treated and control tumors. The expression of the constitutive synthesis enzyme COX-1 was diminished, and the expression of 15-prostaglandin dehydrogenase, the key enzyme catabolizing PGs, was increased in treated tumors. Thus, our results demonstrated the potential of indomethacin, inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2, to prevent MTC growth. The synthesis enzyme, COX-1, and the catabolism enzyme 15-prostaglandin dehydrogenase, could be involved in MTC development.
A Comparative Study of Different Steel Fibers in Shotcrete (1993)

Two steel fiber reinforced shotcrete (sfrs) test programs have been carried out in eastern Canada using steel fibers which are available in the north American marketplace. The first program used the dry-mix shotcrete process, while the second shoot was carried out with wet-mix methodology. The goal of the study was to compare the performance of beams and cores taken from panels of sfrs shot under identical conditions. The intention was to remove as many variables as possible from the test program in order to generate a definitive study of the relative effects of different fibers. Results of the test program are presented together with a discussion on the test methods used.
Management and prophylaxis of bacterial and mycobacterial infections among lung transplant recipients (2020)

Bacterial and mycobacterial infections are associated with morbidity and mortality in lung transplant recipients. Infectious complications are categorized by timing post-transplant: <1, 1-6, and >6 months. The first month post-transplant is associated with the highest risk of infection. During this period, infections are most commonly healthcare-associated, and include infections related to surgical complications. The lungs and bloodstream are common sites of infections. Common healthcare-associated organisms include methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA), Gram-negative bacilli such as <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, and <i>Clostridioides difficile</i>. More than 1-month post-transplant, opportunistic infections can occur. Tuberculosis occurs in 0.8-10% of lung transplant recipients which reflects variation in background prevalence. The majority of post-transplant tuberculosis stems from reactivation of untreated or undiagnosed latent tuberculosis. Most post-transplant tuberculosis occurs in the lungs and develops within a year of transplant. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria commonly colonize the lungs of lung transplant candidates and are often hard to eradicate even with prolonged courses of antimycobacterial agents. Drug interactions between antimycobacterial agents and calcineurin and mTOR inhibitors also complicates treatment post-transplant. Given that infection adversely impacts outcomes after lung transplant, and that anti-infective therapy is often less effective after transplant, infection prevention is key to long-term success. A comprehensive approach that includes pre-transplant evaluation, perioperative prophylaxis, long-term antimicrobial prophylaxis, immunization, and safer living at home and in the community, should be employed to minimize the risk of infection.
Stereoselective total syntheses of the naturally occurring enantiomers of N-acetylneuraminic acid and 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid. A new and stereospecific approach to sialo and 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid conjugates (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereoselective total syntheses of the naturally occurring enantiomers of N-acetylneuraminic acid and 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid. A new and stereospecific approach to sialo and 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid conjugatesSamuel J. Danishefsky, Michael P. DeNinno, and Shu Hui. ChenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 12, 3929–3940Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00220a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00220a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1474Altmetric-Citations127LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Taxanes in the Treatment of Breast Cancer: A Prodigy Comes of Age (1999)

The taxanes, paclitaxel and docetaxel, are among the most promising new agents in the treatment of breast cancer. Responses are routinely seen in > 30% of patients with metastatic disease, including those who have previously received anthracyclines. Combination therapy has increased response rates but as yet has not improved the overall survival of patients with metastatic disease. Improved survival with the addition of paclitaxel to standard adjuvant therapy reported in a recently completed trial suggests the true impact of the taxanes has not yet been realized.
An Efficient and Selective 1-N-Monoethylation of Sisomicin:  Process Development of Netilmicin (2002)

With a new reagent developed for the selective monoethylation at the 1-amino group of sisomicin (1), a new process suitable for the mass production of netilmicin under conditions less sensitive to air and moisture has also been developed. Three of the amino groups, at the C-3, C-2', and C-6' positions of the four amino groups of sisomicin, were selectively protected by using Zn(OAc)2 and acetic anhydride in methanol. Development efforts focused on optimising the conditions for ethylation to give an improved product (96% yield) according to the new and concise synthetic route.