gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality be Considered Complete? (1935)

It is shown that a certain "criterion of physical reality" formulated in a recent article with the above title by A. Einstein, B. Podolsky and N. Rosen contains an essential ambiguity when it is applied to quantum phenomena. In this connection a viewpoint termed "complementarity" is explained from which quantum-mechanical description of physical phenomena would seem to fulfill, within its scope, all rational demands of completeness.
Willie wagtails jettison living and dead nestlings (1993)

On 4 January 1992 at 0845 we watched a pair of Willie Wagtails Rhipidura leucophrys at a nest in Haigslea Churchyard, South-east Queensland (27 degrees 34' S, 152 degrees 38' E). The 0.5 ha churchyard has a row of mature Hoop Pine Araucaria cunninghamii and several figs Ficus spp. along the southern and western boundaries, and mown grass on the remaining area around the church. The typical nest (Beruldsen 1980) was on a 30 mm diameter, near-horizontal, branch of a 24m tall Hoop Pine, 3m above ground, 0.5m from the end of the branch and reasonably well sheltered.
Randomized Proof of Concept Trial of GLYX-13, an N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Glycine Site Partial Agonist, in Major Depressive Disorder Nonresponsive to a Previous Antidepressant Agent (2015)

In this early POC study, GLYX-13 reduced depressive symptoms within 2 hours and this effect was maintained for 7 days on average in subjects with MDD who had not responded to another antidepressant agent during the current depressive episode. The findings of this study support the hypothesis that modulation of the NMDA receptor is a valid target for the development of antidepressant drugs and the need for additional studies to further evaluate the effects of GLYX-13. POC studies such as the one described here play a pivotal role in allowing drug researchers to decide whether to move forward with larger and more expensive studies, and they enable them to focus available resources on those molecules that appear to have the most therapeutic promise. Based on the POC study described here, a multiple dose study has been completed which showed sustained therapeutic benefit with repeated dosing of GLYX-13 for more than 6 weeks. Phase 3 studies are now being planned.
Production of native, correctly folded bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor by Escherichia coli. (1986)

A gene for bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) was fused to the coding sequence for the Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase signal peptide and expressed in E. coli under the control of the alkaline phosphatase promoter. When induced in phosphate-depleted medium such cells produced a trypsin inhibitor that was indistinguishable from native, properly folded BPTI. In particular, the BPTI produced by E. coli had three disulfide bonds that appeared to be identical to those found in native BPTI, as assayed by sensitivity to iodoacetate, dithiothreitol, and urea. This expression/secretion system will make possible the production of variant BPTI molecules, thus allowing the perturbing effects of amino acid substitutions on BPTI folding, structure, and function to be assessed.
Registration and region extraction of data from forms (2003)

The widespread use of printed forms for data acquisition makes the ability to automatically read and analyze their contents desirable. The components of a forms analysis system include conversion from paper to an image through scanning, image enhancement, document identification, data extraction, and data interpretation. This paper describes techniques for manipulating form electronic images in preparation for data interpretation. A combination feature extraction/model-based approach is used for forms registration and field extraction. The system is demonstrated on United States Internal Revenue Service forms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
17-Aminoacylamido-5-androsten-3.beta.-ols (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT17-Aminoacylamido-5-androsten-3.beta.-olsGeorge Flouret and Wayne ColeCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1968, 11, 4, 880–882Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00310a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00310a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views144Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Manipulation of the membrane binding site of vitamin K-dependent proteins: Enhanced biological function of human factor VII (1998)

Recent studies suggested that modification of the membrane contact site of vitamin K-dependent proteins may enhance the membrane affinity and function of members of this protein family. The properties of a factor VII mutant, factor VII-Q10E32, relative to wild-type factor VII (VII, containing P10K32), have been compared. Membrane affinity of VII-Q10E32 was about 20-fold higher than that of wild-type factor VII. The rate of autoactivation VII-Q10E32 with soluble tissue factor was 100-fold faster than wild-type VII and its rate of activation by factor Xa was 30 times greater than that of wild-type factor VII. When combined with soluble tissue factor and phospholipid, activated factor VII-Q10E32 displayed increased activation of factor X. Its coagulant activity was enhanced in all types of plasma and with all sources of tissue factor tested. This difference in activity (maximum 50-fold) was greatest when coagulation conditions were minimal, such as limiting levels of tissue factor and/or phospholipid. Because of its enhanced activity, factor VII-Q10E32 and its derivatives may provide important reagents for research and may be more effective in treatment of bleeding and/or clotting disorders.
18F-FDG kinetics in locally advanced breast cancer: correlation with tumor blood flow and changes in response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. (2004)

The pattern of tumor glucose metabolism in LABC, as reflected by analysis of (18)F-FDG rate parameters, changes after therapy, even in patients with modest clinical responses. This may indicate a change in tumor "metabolic phenotype" in response to treatment. A low ratio of glucose metabolism (reflected by K(i)) to glucose delivery (reflected by K(1) and blood flow) after therapy is associated with a favorable response. Further work is needed to understand the tumor biology underlying these findings.
Gene Therapy for Blindness (2013)

Sight-restoring therapy for the visually impaired and blind is a major unmet medical need. Ocular gene therapy is a rational choice for restoring vision or preventing the loss of vision because most blinding diseases originate in cellular components of the eye, a compartment that is optimally suited for the delivery of genes, and many of these diseases have a genetic origin or genetic component. In recent years we have witnessed major advances in the field of ocular gene therapy, and proof-of-concept studies are under way to evaluate the safety and efficacy of human gene therapies. Here we discuss the concepts and recent advances in gene therapy in the retina. Our review discusses traditional approaches such as gene replacement and neuroprotection and also new avenues such as optogenetic therapies. We conjecture that advances in gene therapy in the retina will pave the way for gene therapies in other parts of the brain.
Diagnosis of Intra-amniotic Infection by Proteomic Profiling and Identification of Novel Biomarkers (2004)

This proteomics-based characterization of the differential expression of amniotic fluid proteins in IAI identified a distinct proteomic profile in an experimental primate chorioamnionitis model that detected subclinical IAI in a human cohort with preterm labor. These diagnostic protein expression signatures, complemented by immunodetection of specific biomarkers in amniotic fluid and in maternal serum, might have application in the early detection of IAI.
Polyisobutylene‐containing block polymers by sequential monomer addition. II. Polystyrene–polyisobutylene–polystyrene triblock polymers: Synthesis, characterization, and physical properties (1991)

Abstract New linear and three‐arm star thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) comprising a rubbery polysobutylene (PIB) midblock flanked by glass polystyrene (PSt) blocks have been synthesized by living carbocationic polymerization in the presence of select additives by sequential monomer addition. First, isobutylene (IB) was polymerized by bi‐ and trifunctional tert ‐ether (dicumyl‐ and tricumyl methoxy) initiators in conjunction with TiCl 4 conintiator in CH 3 Cl/methylcyclohexane (MeCHx) (40/60 v/v) solvent mixtures at −80°C. After the living, narrow molecular weight, distribution PIB (M̄ w /M̄ n = 1.1‐1.2) has reached the desired molecular weight, styrene (St) together with an electron pair donor (ED) and a proton trap (di‐ tert ‐butylpyridine, DtBP) were added to block PSt from the living chain ends. Uncontrolled initiation by protic impurities that produces PSt contamination is prevented by the use of DtBP. PSt‐PIB‐PSt blocks obtained in the absence of additives are contaminated by homopolymer and /or diblocks due to inefficient blocking and initiation by protic impurities, and exhibit poor physical properties. In contrast in the presence of the strong ED N , N ‐dimethylacetamide (DMA) and DtBP the blocking of St from living PIB chain occurs efficiently and block copolymers exhibiting good mechanical properties can be prepared. Virgin TPEs can be repeatedly compression molded without deterioration of physical properties. The products exhibit a low and a high temperature T g characteristic of phase separated PIB and PSt domains. Transmission electron microscopy of linear triblocks containing ∼ 34 wt % PSt also indicates microphase separation and suggests PSt rods dispersed in a PIB matrix.
Studies toward the Total Synthesis of Scyphostatin:  First Entry to the Highly Functionalized Cyclohexenone Segment (2001)

The cyclohexenone segment 2 of scyphostatin (1), a potent inhibitor of neutral sphingomyelinase, was synthesized in an enantioselective manner starting from the bromo ether 5 and D-serinal derivative 3. The synthetic method features a coupling reaction of 5 with 3 to construct the asymmetric quaternary carbon center and a stereospecific epoxide ring formation as the key steps.
Contribution of platelet microparticle formation and granule secretion to the transmembrane migration of phosphatidylserine. (1993)

Activation of human platelets by complement proteins, C5b-9, thrombin plus collagen, or a Ca2+ ionophore results in surface exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS), accompanied by the expression of membrane catalytic activity for the tenase (VIIaIXa) and prothrombinase (VaXa) coagulation enzyme complexes. The mechanism underlying this surface exposure of PS upon platelet activation remains unresolved. Using fluorescent derivatives of PS (NBD-PS), we have investigated how the transmembrane migration of PS is related to microvesiculation of the platelet plasma membrane and to fusion of storage granules with the plasma membrane. Gel-filtered platelets were incubated with NBD-PS, allowing 90 +/- 10% of the incorporated NBD-PS to accumulate into the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. Migration of NBD-PS from the inner leaflet to the plasma membrane surface was monitored by time-based flow cytometry, and correlated with the appearance of platelet microparticles and alpha-granule secretion. Platelet activation by C5b-9 or the Ca2+ ionophore, A23187, increased surface exposure of NBD-PS, due to acceleration of the apparent rate of migration from inner to outer plasma membrane leaflets. The onset of this accelerated migration of NBD-PS to the surface coincided with the onset of plasma membrane vesiculation, and the NBD-PS that partitioned into the membrane of the shed microparticle was also rapidly exposed to the surface (t1/2 < 2 min). In addition to a temporal correlation, microparticle formation and the surface exposure of inner leaflet NBD-PS showed a similar requirement for Ca2+. These results demonstrate that agonist-induced microvesiculation of the platelet plasma membrane is accompanied by accelerated migration of a PS analogue from the inner leaflet to the surface of the shed microparticle membrane, suggesting the mechanism by which induction of platelet microparticle formation exposes catalytic surface for tenase and prothrombinase assembly.
Registration of Nasopharynoscope Videos with Radiation Treatment Planning CT Scans (2017)

Oncology International Journal is dedicated to publish the contributions on all aspects of experimental and clinical cancer research. CTOIJ is a multidisciplinary, Open Access, peer reviewed journal accepts Research, Review Articles, Short Communications
Intercalated Clay Catalysts (1983)

Recent advances in the intercalation of metal complex cations in smectite clay minerals are leading to the development of new classes of selective heterogeneous catalysts. The selectivity of both metal-catalyzed and proton-catalyzed chemical conversions in clay intercalates can often be regulated by controlling surface chemical equilibria, interlamellar swelling, or reactant pair proximity in the interlayer regions. Also, the intercalation of polynuclear hydroxy metal cations and metal cluster cations in smectites affords new pillared clay catalysts with pore sizes that can be made larger than those of conventional zeolite catalysts.
Direct observation of UV‐crosslinked protein–nucleic acid complexes by matrix‐assisted laser desorption lonization mass spectrometry (1993)

Interactions between proteins and nucleic acids are important in the fundamental cellular processes that drive replication, recombination, dynamic alteration and repair of DNA, transcription and processing of RNA, synthesis of proteins, and regulation of enzyme activities. As part of an effort to develop a general, sensitive mass spectrometric strategy for the characterization of protein-nucleic acid interactions, we have used matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry to analyze protein-nucleic acid complexes that have been covalently crosslinked by ultraviolet (UV) light. In general, the application of MALDI mass spectrometric techniques to studies of UV-induced crosslinking of nucleoprotein complexes is demonstrated to be feasible. Specifically, MALDI mass analysis was used to determine the molecular weights of the phage T4 gene 32 protein (gp32) crosslinked to the oligonucleotide (dT)20, and the Escherichia coli transcription termination factor rho, photoaffinity labeled with 4-thio-uridine-diphosphate (4sUDP). The covalent gp32:(dT)20 complex is readily detected at a concentration of 1-2 microM in 1 microL of an unpurified solution of reactants that has been exposed to a single, 266 nm UV laser pulse. Mass spectrometric molecular weight determinations of the covalent rho:4sUDP complex add directness and specificity to the ATPase inactivation assay normally used to monitor the formation of 4sUDP photoaffinity labeled rho. It is found that successful MALDI mass spectrometry of protein-nucleic acid complexes is as critically dependent on the choice of solvents and additives as it is on the primary matrix compound.
X-ray-Induced Changes in Gene lt Expression in Normal and r, Oncogene-Transformed Rat Cell Lines (1988)

As an approach to identifying specific cellular markers for the cytotoxic action of x rays in mammalian cells, we used the QUEST system of high-resolution, two-dimensional protein gel electrophoresis and a computerized data base on proteins to score quantitative changes in patterns of protein synthesis. We measured the responses elicited after x irradiation of cells from the normal rat cell line REF52 as well as two oncogene-transformed REF52 cell lines with E1a or E1a plus the mutated c-Harvey-ras T24 (HRAS1 T24) allele. The transformed cell lines differed substantially in the patterns of changes in protein synthesis seen immediately after DNA damage. In addition, we identified a specific subset of growth-regulated cellular polypeptides that are correlated with the observed increase in x-ray-induced cell killing in the transformed cell lines. One of these polypeptides was cyclin (proliferating-cell nuclear antigen), a cell-cycle-specific DNA polymerase delta auxiliary factor. Synthesis of this set of coregulated polypeptides was rapidly suppressed by x irradiation in normal REF52 cells only. The inability of x irradiation to induce suppression of protein synthesis in cells from the transformed cell lines correlated with the increased susceptibility to x-ray-induced cell killing. This finding suggests that the cellular processes that underlie regulation of DNA-damage-induced growth arrest at the level of replicative elongation plays a role in determining the survival of x-irradiated cells.
All-digital impulse radio with multiuser detection for wireless cellular systems (2002)

Impulse radio is an ultrawideband system with attractive features for baseband asynchronous multiple-access, multimedia services, and tactical wireless communications. Implemented with analog components, the continuous-time impulse radio multiple-access model utilizes pulse-position modulation and random time-hopping codes to alleviate multipath effects and suppress multiuser interference. We introduce a novel continuous-time impulse radio transmitter model and deduce from it an approximate one with lower complexity. We also develop a time-division duplex access protocol along with orthogonal user codes to enable impulse radio as a radio link for wireless cellular systems. Relying on this protocol, we then derive a multiple-input/multiple-output equivalent model for full continuous-time model and a single-input/single-output model, for the approximate one. Based on these models, we finally develop design composite linear/nonlinear receivers for the downlink. The linear step eliminates multiuser interference deterministically and accounts for frequency-selective multipath while a maximum-likelihood receiver performs symbol detection. Simulations are provided to compare performance of the different receivers.
User interactions with everyday applications as context for just-in-time information access (2000)

Our central claim is that user interactions with everyday productivity applications (e.g., word processors, Web browsers, etc.) provide rich contextual information that can be leveraged to support just-in-time access to task-relevant information. We discuss the requirements for such systems, and develop a general architecture for systems of this type. As evidence for our claim, we present Watson, a system which gathers contextual information in the form of the text of the document the user is manipulating in order to proactively retrieve documents from distributed information repositories. We close by describing the results of several experiments with Watson, which show it consistently provides useful information to its users.
The search for new antimicrobials: why we need new options (2005)

The increasing identification of antibiotic-resistant pathogens that cause serious infections cannot be ignored. Although the future cannot be predicted with certainty, it is surely possible that an extensive epidemic of resistant bacterial infections could potentially harm millions of people. Given that it takes more than 10 years to establish the efficacy and safety of new compounds, there is an urgent need to restock the antibiotic pipeline. Only a few new antibacterial agents have received approval by the US Food and Drug Administration in the last 5 years, including linezolid in 2001, cefditoren, pivoxil and ertapenem in 2002, gemifloxacin and daptomycin in 2003, and telithromycin in 2004. Many of these agents are improved derivatives from established classes of antibiotics, and several are directed primarily at resistant Gram-positive bacteria (e.g., linezolid and daptomycin). One promising new addition is the recent approval of tigecycline (Tigacyl, Wyeth) in June 2005.
Metabolic remodeling of the human red blood cell membrane (2010)

The remarkable deformability of the human red blood cell (RBC) results from the coupled dynamic response of the phospholipid bilayer and the spectrin molecular network. Here we present quantitative connections between spectrin morphology and membrane fluctuations of human RBCs by using dynamic full-field laser interferometry techniques. We present conclusive evidence that the presence of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) facilitates non-equilibrium dynamic fluctuations in the RBC membrane that are highly correlated with the biconcave shape of RBCs. Spatial analysis of the fluctuations reveals that these non-equilibrium membrane vibrations are enhanced at the scale of spectrin mesh size. Our results indicate that the dynamic remodeling of the coupled membranes powered by ATP results in non-equilibrium membrane fluctuations manifesting from both metabolic and thermal energies and also maintains the biconcave shape of RBCs.
Poling and optical studies of DNA NLO waveguides (2005)

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), extracted from salmon sperm through an enzyme isolation process, is precipitated with a surfactant complex, cetyltrimethl-ammonium chloride (CTMA), for application as a nonlinear optical (NLO) material. Preliminary characterization studies suggest DNA-CTMA may be suitable for use as the host material in the poled core layer of electro-optically-active waveguide devices. Further studies have also indicated that it may be possible to create an all-DNA-CTMA NLO waveguide device using DNA-CTMA as both the core and cladding materials. Challenges and accomplishments in creating an all-DNA-CTMA waveguide device are discussed as well as poling results and techniques for poled-chromophore-DNA-CTMA films. Optical characterization studies, including optical propagation losses, of the DNA-CTMA films are presented.
Slow Wave Sleep Induced by GABA Agonist Tiagabine Fails to Benefit Memory Consolidation (2013)

Our data show that increasing slow wave sleep with tiagabine does not improve memory consolidation. Possibly this is due to functional differences from normal slow wave sleep, i.e., the concurrent suppressive influence of tiagabine on phase-locked spindle activity.
Estimating simple closed contours in images (2003)

A technique for estimating the boundary of objects that may be described by a simple closed contour is presented. The problem is posed as one of maximum a posteriori (MAP) optimization. The method employs an elliptical Fourier series to describe the contour. A scaled derivative-of-Gaussian description of the object boundary cross-section is employed, coupled with guided gradient descent estimation of the contour coefficients. The technique is applied to X-ray images of the left ventricle, but is easily extensible to a wide variety of images of similar objects. It is shown that a few elliptical harmonics accurately model the ventricle outline. Accurate, robust estimation of the left ventricle outline from a single image is shown for a set of images.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>