gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protection of HeLa‐T4 + cells against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection after stable transfection with HIV LTR‐2‘,5‘‐oligoadenylate synthetase hybrid gene 1 (1990)

An expression vector (pU3R-III/2-5AS) of human 2',5'-oligoadenylate (2-5A) synthetase was constructed in which a cDNA encoding an active form of the enzyme was located 3' to a 3'-long terminal repeat (LTR) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The LTR-directed expression of this hybrid DNA could be activated in trans by the HIV tat gene product. This vector was used for transfection of HeLa-T4+ cells, which are permissive to HIV infection, as well as of normal HeLa cells. HIV replication after infection of the CD4-receptor-bearing HeLa-T4+ cells with HIV-1 was found to be strongly reduced when drug-selected cells cotransfected with pU3R-III/2-5AS and a hygromycin B resistance gene containing plasmid were used. In nontransfected cultures or after transfection with the selectable marker plasmid only, about 60% p17- and p24-positive cells were found 5 days after infection. However, after stable transfection with pU3R-III/2-5AS the number of positive cells was decreased to about 2%. The reverse transcriptase (RT) activity, as a measure for virus production, was markedly decreased in the culture fluids of pU3R-III/2-5AS transfected cells compared with the mock-transfected controls. In parallel experiments it was established that Tat-mediated trans-activation of HIV-1 LTR-directed 2-5A synthetase expression resulted in a great increase in both 2-5A synthetase mRNA level and activity as well as in cellular 2-5A content. Similar results were found in HeLa-T4+ cells and in HeLa cells (without CD4 receptor) cotransfected with pU3R-III/2-5AS and a tat gene containing plasmid or after introduction of purified Tat protein into the pU3R-III/2-5AS transfected cells by using a modified scrape loading procedure. These results indicate that HIV-trans-activated 2-5A synthetase can selectively inhibit HIV replication in vitro, and might be a promising gene therapeutical approach.
Gross Composition and Plasma and Extracellular Water Volumes of Tissues of a Reference Mouse (1992)

The laboratory mouse is a primary animal model for experimental radiation biology and pharmacology. The usefulness of the mouse for those purposes is enhanced if detailed data are available to define a Reference Mouse [weight and composition of soft tissues and bones and their in-life content of plasma and extracellular water (ECW)]. Only fragmentary data are available for wet weights and plasma volumes of soft tissues and bones of mice; there are no reports of total volume or distribution of ECW in mouse tissues. To remedy those defects, wet weight and composition of all major organs and soft tissues were measured, and measurements were made or estimates obtained for wet weights and composition of all bones of the young adult (12 to 13 wk old) female Swiss-Webster mouse. 125I-transferrin was used as a tracer for plasma, and 22Na was used as a tracer for ECW. Tissue weight and tracer measurements were conducted using the metabolic balance approach and a freezing technique that avoids blood loss during dissection. Results compare favorably with published weights and plasma volumes of tissues of mature mice of both genders and other strains. Total plasma volume (48.9 +/- 4.4 microL g-1) and Na-space (232 +/- 15 microL g-1), and the specific plasma and ECW volumes of vascular mouse tissues, exceed those of rat tissues. Applications of the data are presented: (1) interpretation of plutonium uptake kinetics in the mouse; (2) estimation of masses of mineralized bone tissue (1.92 g), bone marrow (1.2 g), and endosteal (BS) cells (0.2 g) of the mouse.
Second-generation radiation sensitive developable bottom anti-reflective coatings (DBARC) and implant resists approaches for 193-nm lithography (2007)

We will discuss our approach towards a second generation radiation sensitive developable bottom antireflective coating (DBARC's) for 193 nm. We will show imaging results (1:1 L/S features down to 140 nm) for some first generation implant resist material based upon a fluorinated resins and also show relative implant resistance of these first generation fluorinated resists towards As implantation (15 KeV at 5x10<sup>15</sup> dose with 20 x 10<sup>-4 </sup>amp). Also, discussed will be a second generation of implant resists based on a non-fluorinated resins. Surprisingly, we found that the nonfluorinated materials gave better implant resistance (~2-3 X10<sup>11 </sup>atoms/cm<sup>2</sup>) despite the higher atomic number of fluorine compared to hydrogen in the fluorinated implant materials (~2-5X10<sup>12</sup> atoms/cm<sup>2</sup>). Finally, we will give an update on the lithographic performance of this second generation of implant resists.
Selective differentiation and proliferation of hematopoietic cells induced by recombinant human interleukins. (1988)

Effects of recombinant human interleukins on hematopoiesis were explored by using suspension cultures of mononuclear cells of human umbilical-cord blood and bone marrow. The results showed that interleukin 5 induced the selective differentiation and proliferation of eosinophils. After 3 weeks in culture with interleukin 5, essentially all nonadherent cells in both bone marrow and cord blood cell cultures became eosinophilic myelocytes. Culture of the same cells with interleukin 4 resulted in the selective growth of OKT3+ lymphocytes. However, OKT3+ cells did not develop if the bone marrow cells were depleted of OKT3+/OKT11+ cells prior to the culture, indicating that interleukin 4 induced the proliferation of a subpopulation of resting T cells present in cord blood and bone marrow cell preparations. In suspension cultures of bone marrow cells and cord blood cells grown in the presence of interleukin 3, basophilic, eosinophilic, and neutrophilic myelocytes and macrophages developed within 2 weeks. By 3 weeks, however, the majority of nonadherent cells became eosinophilic myelocytes. In contrast to mouse bone marrow cell cultures, neither interleukin 3 nor a combination of interleukins 3 and 4 induced the differentiation of mast cells in human bone marrow or cord blood cell cultures.
Enhanced Tumor Uptake of Carboplatin and Survival in Glioma-bearing Rats by Intracarotid Infusion of Bradykinin Analog, RMP-7 (1996)

Intracarotid infusion of RMP-7 can selectively increase transport of carboplatin into brain tumors and results in higher survival in rats with gliomas. These findings support the use of intracarotid infusion of RMP-7 to enhance the delivery of carboplatin to patients with malignant brain tumors.
Imaging of Acoustic Emission from Vibrating Micro/Nano Structures (2006)

In this paper, a novel imaging technique of acoustic emission from vibrating micro- and nano-structures is proposed and demonstrated for characterizing their mechanical energy losses via ambient air. A thermal probe is employed for the measurement of particle velocity involved in the acoustic emission. Imaging is obtained with scanning the vibrating sample under the thermal probe, which exhibits the geometry dependence on acoustic emission profile. Also it is found that strong acoustic emission is emitted from a mechanical detect formed on the vibrating beam.
Making memories that last a lifetime: heritable functions of self-renewing memory CD8 T cells (2010)

Clonal expansion of virus-specific naive T cells during an acute viral infection results in the formation of memory CD8 T cells that provide the host with long-term protective immunity against the pathogen. Memory CD8 T cells display enhanced effector functions compared with their naive precursors, allowing them to respond more rapidly and effectively to antigen re-encounter. The enhanced functions of memory CD8 T cells are mediated by heritable changes in gene regulation. Expression of select transcription factors along with locus-specific epigenetic modifications are coupled to and are essential in the formation of memory-specific gene expression patterns. Here, we will review the changes in gene expression that accompany development of memory CD8 T cells and discuss chromatin modifications as a potential means for heritable propagation of these changes during homeostatic cell division of self-renewing memory CD8 T cells. Also, we will discuss therapies that manipulate heritable gene regulation as a potential mechanism to restore function to non-functional memory CD8 T cells to combat chronic viral infection.
Simultaneous PCR detection of ica cluster and methicillin and mupirocin resistance genes in catheter-isolated Staphylococcus. (2004)

Recent data show that more than 50% of catheter-associated bloodstream infections are caused by staphylococci. Staphylococcal infections produced by intercellular-adhesion cluster (ica) carriers can be even more problematic due to the presence of methicillin and mupirocin resistance genes. In the present study, a multiplex PCR protocol that allows the simultaneous identification of staphylococci and detection of both the ica and methicillin and/or mupirocin resistance genes was developed. Furthermore, the method allows differential detection of the ica locus from Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Therapeutic effects of monoclonal antibody g250, interferons and tumor necrosis factor, in mice with renal‐cell carcinoma xenografts (1994)

Abstract Because renal‐cell carcinoma (RCC) is considered relatively resistant to radio‐and chemotherapy, RCC patients may benefit from new treatment modalities, e.g. immunotherapy. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that combinations of cytokines such as interferon γ or interferon a (IFN‐γ, IFN‐α) and tumor necrosis factor a (TNF‐α) may act synergistically. In this study we tested whether a monoclonal antibody (MAb) G250, reactive with a RCC‐associated antigen, showed anti‐tumor effects in vivo in nude mice with established s.c. human RCC xenografts, and also whether this MAb could enhance the anti‐tumor effect of combinations of IFNs and TNF‐α. Treatment with combinations of IFN‐α/TNF‐α or IFN‐γ/TNF‐α, or with MAb G250 alone, resulted in a significant inhibition of tumor growth. Treatment with MAb G250, in combination with IFN‐γ/TNF‐α, did not result in an improve anti‐tumor effect as compared to that of either treatment alone. In contrast, MAb G250 combined with IFN‐α/TNF‐α resulted in a significantly enhanced anti‐tumor response. In one experiment, 3 out of 10 mice showed complete tumor regression, with no recurrence after 90 days. Large numbers of infiltrating macrophages were found surrounding viable and necrotic tumor tissue after treatment with G250 combined with IFN‐α/TNF‐α. These results suggest that combination therapy, consisting of IFN‐α, TNF‐α and MAbs, may have therapeutic value in the treatment of RCC.
Three legs to reform: vietnam SMEs case study (2017)

Thanh Hai Nguyen, Quamrul Alam and Daniel Prajogo assess the impact of trade policy, regulatory reform and social networks on the development of SMEs in Vietnam. Copyright 2008 Thanh Hai Nguyen, Quamrul Alam and Daniel Prajogo. No part of this article may be reproduced by any means without the written consent of the publisher.
In vivo expression and function of the sodium iodide symporter following gene transfer in the MATLyLu rat model of metastatic prostate cancer (2002)

NIS expression by a proportion of cells in a population was sufficient to confer radionuclide-concentrating function in subcutaneous and metastatic MATLyLu tumors. Ablation of residual normal and neoplastic prostate tissues by radioiodide after prostate-restricted NIS gene transfer might be a novel adjuvant therapy to prostatectomy for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
TrafficPredict: Trajectory Prediction for Heterogeneous Traffic-Agents (2019)

To safely and efficiently navigate in complex urban traffic, autonomous vehicles must make responsible predictions in relation to surrounding traffic-agents (vehicles, bicycles, pedestrians, etc.). A challenging and critical task is to explore the movement patterns of different traffic-agents and predict their future trajectories accurately to help the autonomous vehicle make reasonable navigation decision. To solve this problem, we propose a long short-term memory-based (LSTM-based) realtime traffic prediction algorithm, TrafficPredict. Our approach uses an instance layer to learn instances’ movements and interactions and has a category layer to learn the similarities of instances belonging to the same type to refine the prediction. In order to evaluate its performance, we collected trajectory datasets in a large city consisting of varying conditions and traffic densities. The dataset includes many challenging scenarios where vehicles, bicycles, and pedestrians move among one another. We evaluate the performance of TrafficPredict on our new dataset and highlight its higher accuracy for trajectory prediction by comparing with prior prediction methods.
Construction and 3-D Computer Modeling of Connector Arrays with Tetragonal to Decagonal Transition Induced by pRNA of phi29 DNA-Packaging Motor (2005)

The bottom-up assembly of patterned arrays is an exciting and important area in current nanotechnology. Arrays can be engineered to serve as components in chips for a virtually inexhaustible list of applications ranging from disease diagnosis to ultrahigh-density data storage. In attempting to achieve this goal, a number of methods to facilitate array design and production have been developed. Cloning and expression of the gene coding for the connector of the bacterial virus phi29 DNA-packaging motor, overproduction of the gene products, and the in vitro construction of large-scale carpet-like arrays composed of connector are described in this report. The stability of the arrays under various conditions, including varied pH, temperature and ionic strength, was tested. The addition of packaging RNA (pRNA) into the array caused a dramatic shift in array structure, and resulted in the conversion of tetragonal arrays into larger decagonal structures comprised of both protein and RNA. RNase digestion confirmed that the conformational shift was caused by pRNA, and that RNA was present in the decagons. As has been demonstrated in biomotors, conformational shift of motor components can generate force for motor motion. The conformational shift reported here can be utilized as a potential force-generating mechanism for the construction of nanomachines. Three-dimensional computer models of the constructed arrays were also produced using a variety of connector building blocks with or without the N- or C-terminal sequence, which is absent from the current published crystal structures. Both the connector array and the decagon are ideal candidates to be used as templates to build patterned suprastructures in nanotechnology.
Altruism within the family reconsidered: do nice guys finish last? (1988)

This paper criticizes the view that altruism either increases the benefits of group interactions or improves the allocation of resources within families. The authors identify a variety of circumstances in which members of a group would prefer to interact with less altruistic individuals and in which the efficiency of resource allocation is inversely related to the prevailing degree of altruism. Reasons that altruism might be a counter-productive social force include 1) it can alter the social utility possibility frontier in surprising and sometimes unfortunate ways; 2) it can entail exploitability causing family members to behave in ways that leave all parties worse off; 3) altruists may take inefficient actions to preempt exploitation; and 4) family members may establish efficient resource allocation by punishing selfish behavior. A rise in the level of altruism may lead to the exclusion of certain punishment strategies on the grounds of credibility. 1 general positive result is that sufficiently high levels of altruism almost always lead to efficient resource allocation. One should not necessarily expect to find strong altruistic linkages between spouses nor should altruism necessarily contributed to marital stability. In addition to the connections between this work and the literature on family behavior this analysis has broader implications concerning the role of altruism in society and the evolution of social conscience.
Natural and sexual selection act on different axes of variation in avian plumage color (2015)

The bright colors of birds are often attributed to sexual selection on males, but in many species both sexes are colorful and it has been long debated whether sexual selection can also explain this variation. We show that most evolutionary transitions in color have been toward similar plumage in both sexes, and the color of both sexes (for example, bright or dull) was associated with indices of natural selection (for example, habitat type), whereas sexual differences in color were primarily associated with indices of sexual selection on males (for example, polygyny and large testes size). Debate about the evolution of bird coloration can be resolved by recognizing that both natural and sexual selection have been influential, but they have generally acted on two different axes: sexual selection on an axis of sexual differences and natural selection on both sexes for the type of color (for example, bright or dull).
Anthrax protective antigen interacts with a specific receptor on the surface of CHO-K1 cells (1991)

The interaction of protective antigen (PA), a component of the anthrax toxin, with receptors on the Chinese hamster ovary cell line CHO-K1 was characterized. Protective antigen binding at 4 degrees C is highly specific, concentration dependent, saturable (Kd = 0.9 nM), and reversible. Scatchard analysis indicates the presence of a single class of PA binding sites at a concentration of 10,000 +/- 2,000 per cell. Pretreatment of cells with a number of different proteases strongly inhibits PA binding, suggesting that the receptor may be at least partially proteinaceous. Direct chemical cross-linking of radioiodinated PA to the cell surface results in the appearance of a major band exhibiting an apparent molecular mass of 170 kDa, as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The appearance of this band is completely inhibited by a 200-fold molar excess of unlabeled PA, indicating a high specificity for this interaction. Our results suggest that a cell surface protein(s) of 85 to 90 kDa is, or constitutes a portion of, a specific receptor for the PA.
Persisting anti-phage CRISPR immunity in multiple human gut microbiomes (2013)

The CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas (CRISPR-associated) system of bacteria and archaea constitutes a mechanism of acquired adaptive immunity against phages, which is based on genome-encoded markers of previously infecting phage sequences (“spacers”). As a repository of phage sequences, these spacers make the system particularly suitable for elucidating phage-bacteria interactions in metagenomic studies. Recent metagenomic analyses of CRISPRs associated with the human microbiome intriguingly revealed conserved “memory spacers” shared by bacteria in multiple unrelated, geographically separated individuals. Here, we discuss possible avenues for explaining this phenomenon by integrating insights from CRISPR biology and phage-bacteria ecology, with a special focus on the human gut. We further explore the growing body of evidence for the role of CRISPR/Cas in regulating the interplay between bacteria and lysogenic phages, which may be intimately related to the presence of memory spacers and sheds new light on the multifaceted biological and ecological modes of action of CRISPR/Cas.
Identification of and Human Serum Reactogenicity to Neutralizing Epitopes within the Central Unglycosylated Region of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus Attachment Protein (2010)

We identified two overlapping neutralizing epitopes within residues 151 to 172 of the central unglycosylated region of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) attachment protein. In approximately 40% of hospitalized and outpatient adults infected with RSV subtype A, these contiguous residues are the target of > or =4-fold increases in IgG response between acute- and convalescent-phase sera.
Evidence of CFTR Function in Cystic Fibrosis after Systemic Administration of 4-Phenylbutyrate (2002)

Most individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) carry one or two mutations that result in a maturation defect of the full-length protein. One such mutation, deltaF508, results in a mutant membrane glycoprotein that fails to progress to the apical membrane, where the wild-type protein normally functions as a cyclic AMP-regulated chloride channel. 4-Phenylbutyrate (Buphenyl), an orally bioavailable short chain fatty acid, modulates heat shock protein expression and restores maturation of the deltaF508 protein in vitro and in vivo. We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation and safety study of Buphenyl in 19 adults with CF (homozygous deltaF508) to test the hypothesis that Buphenyl would be safe, well-tolerated, and associated with an increase in chloride transport in nasal epithelia. Three dose levels (20, 30, or 40 g divided t.i.d.) of drug or placebo were given for 1 week. Serial measurements of chloride transport by nasal potential difference (NPD) testing and metabolic safety testing were performed. A maximum tolerated dose of 20 g was defined based on minimal adverse reactions, the safety profile, and a statistically significant induction of chloride transport that was maximal by day 3. This short-term phase I/II study demonstrates proof of principle that modulation of deltaF508 CFTR biosynthesis and trafficking is a viable therapeutic approach for cystic fibrosis.
Generation of leukemia-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones from the HLA-identical bone marrow donor of a patient with leukemia. (1992)

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has been associated with a graft-vs.-leukemia (GVL) reactivity. Since T cell depletion of the bone marrow graft has decreased the risk of graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD), but has been associated with higher rates of leukemia relapse, GVL reactivity is probably caused by donor-derived T lymphocytes. Previously, we demonstrated that minor histocompatibility (mH) antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones, generated from patients after BMT, are capable of major histocompatibility complex-(MHC) restricted lysis of (clonogenic) myeloid leukemic cells. Here, we investigated whether donor-derived leukemia-specific CTL clones can be generated in vitro, before BMT, using irradiated leukemic cells from a patient with acute myeloid leukemia as stimulator cells, and peripheral blood or bone marrow from the HLA genotypically identical sibling donor as responder cells. Several CTL lines were generated that showed specific lysis (> 50%) of the recipient leukemic cells in a 51Cr-release assay. Two of these CTL lines were cloned by limiting dilution in the presence of the irradiated recipient cells. Multiple leukemia-reactive, HLA class I and II-restricted clones with various specificities could be established. These alloreactive, antileukemic CTL clones may cause GVL reactivity after BMT, and may be used as adjuvant immunotherapy in the treatment of leukemia.