gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GT3 and its O‐acetylated derivative are the principal A2B5‐reactive gangliosides in cultured O2A lineage cells and are down‐regulated along with O‐acetyl GD3 during differentiation to oligodendrocytes (1999)

Among the developmentally regulated antigens expressed on the surface of bipotential glial precursors isolated from neonatal rat brain are the gangliosides recognized by the monoclonal antibody A2B5. Immunostaining of thin layer chromatograms showed that oligodendrocyte-type 2 astrocyte (O2A) progenitors in culture express two ganglioside antigens that react strongly with the A2B5 antibody. Both ganglioside antigens are down-regulated as the cells differentiate to oligodendrocytes, corresponding to the disappearance of cell surface immunostaining by A2B5 in mature oligodendrocytes. By contrast, both gangliosides continue to be expressed when the cells differentiate to type-2 astrocytes. These two A2B5-reactive gangliosides in O2A lineage cells were identified as GT3 and O-acetyl GT3 by using the monoclonal antibody 18B8 that recognizes GT3 and an influenza C virus esterase that specifically removes O-acetyl moieties from sialic acids. Thin-layer chromatographic immunostaining with the JONES monoclonal antibody demonstrated that the progenitor cells in culture also express O-acetyl GD3, which is similarly down-regulated in oligodendrocytes, but retained in type-2 astrocytes. The 18B8 and JONES antibodies also immunostained the surface of O2A progenitors. Therefore, expression of GT3 and O-acetylation of GT3 and GD3 occur during the proliferative and migratory stages of glial cell development. J. Neurosci. Res. 57:371–380, 1999. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass Is Superior to Laparoscopic Gastric Banding for Treatment of Morbid Obesity (2004)

Laparoscopic gastric banding and laparoscopic gastric bypass are feasible and safe. Pouch dilatations after gastric banding are responsible for more late complications compared with the gastric bypass. Laparoscopic gastric bypass offers a significant advantage regarding weight loss and reduction of comorbidities after surgery. Therefore, in our hands, laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass appears to be the therapy of choice.
Possible role of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) in the control of hemorrhage associated with massive trauma. (2002)

rFVIIa is a promising adjunctive hemostatic treatment for trauma patients suffering from massive bleeding. Controlled trials are warranted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this drug.
Silver Nanocrystals with Concave Surfaces and Their Optical and Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Properties (2011)

Silber-Nanokristalle mit konkaven, hoch indizierten Oberflächen wurden durch Kontrolle des Habitus kubischer Ag-Kristallkeime auf einfache Weise hergestellt. Vier Arten konkaver Nanokristalle wurden erhalten: Oktaeder, Würfel, Oktapoden und Trisoktaeder (siehe Bild).
Desorption Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization (2007)

An ambient ionization technique for mass spectrometry, desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization (DAPPI), is presented, and its application to the rapid analysis of compounds of various polarities on surfaces is demonstrated. The DAPPI technique relies on a heated nebulizer microchip delivering a heated jet of vaporized solvent, e.g., toluene, and a photoionization lamp emitting 10-eV photons. The solvent jet is directed toward sample spots on a surface, causing the desorption of analytes from the surface. The photons emitted by the lamp ionize the analytes, which are then directed into the mass spectrometer. The limits of detection obtained with DAPPI were in the range of 56-670 fmol. Also, the direct analysis of pharmaceuticals from a tablet surface was successfully demonstrated. A comparison of the performance of DAPPI with that of the popular desorption electrospray ionization method was done with four standard compounds. DAPPI was shown to be equally or more sensitive especially in the case of less polar analytes.
The Natural History of Impaired Glucose Tolerance in the Pima Indians (1988)

Among 384 Pima Indians with impaired glucose tolerance according to World Health Organization criteria who were followed for 1.6 to 11.5 years (median, 3.3), non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) developed in 118 (31 percent), glucose tolerance remained impaired in 100 (26 percent), and glucose tolerance returned to normal in 166 (43 percent). The cumulative incidence of NIDDM was 25 and 61 percent at 5 and 10 years, respectively. The risk of development of diabetes was 6.3 times (95 percent confidence interval, 3.8 to 10.6) as high as in a normoglycemic control group (n = 752). Variables predicting deterioration to NIDDM were age up to the age of 40, after which increasing age had a beneficial effect; higher plasma glucose levels during fasting and after carbohydrate loading; and higher serum insulin levels after fasting and lower levels after carbohydrate loading, suggesting that insulin resistance and decreased beta-cell responsiveness are important determinants of the clinical outcome of impaired glucose tolerance. Obese subjects had 2.9 times (95 percent confidence interval, 2.0 to 10.9) the incidence of NIDDM as the nonobese. Obesity was not, however, predictive of progression to NIDDM after an adjustment for plasma glucose and serum insulin levels. We conclude that in this population approximately one fourth of subjects with impaired glucose tolerance have NIDDM at five years and two thirds at 10 years (approximately one third revert to normal) and that age and plasma glucose and insulin levels are the best predictors of clinical outcome.
Arsenic: a user-accessible gigabit Ethernet interface (2002)

Arsenic is a gigabit Ethernet NIC which exports an extended interface to the operating system and user applications. Unlike conventional adaptors, it implements some of the protection and multiplexing functions traditionally performed by the operating system. This enables applications to be given direct access to their own 'virtual interface', allowing them to send and receive packets without operating system interaction. Packet filters uploaded to the interface card by the operating system are used to demultiplex received packets to their destination application, and to validate packets before transmission. Transmit traffic shaping and scheduling mechanisms enable the bandwidth used by applications to be controlled. These features allow protocol processing to be moved into user-space shared libraries without sacrificing the security and resource management functionality that the operating system normally provides. The paper describes Arsenic's design and implementation, and outlines how it is integrated into the Linux 2.3 operating system. Performance measurements are presented that show Arsenic supports low latency, high bandwidth communication while offering greater CPU efficiency and better quality of service than conventional devices.
Using static analysis for Ajax intrusion detection (2009)

We present a static control-flow analysis for JavaScript programs running in a web browser. Our analysis tackles numerous challenges posed by modern web applications including asynchronous communication, frameworks, and dynamic code generation. We use our analysis to extract a model of expected client behavior as seen from the server, and build an intrusion-prevention proxy for the server: the proxy intercepts client requests and disables those that do not meet the expected behavior. We insert random asynchronous requests to foil mimicry attacks. Finally, we evaluate our technique against several real applications and show that it protects against an attack in a widely-used web application.
Polarization- and wavelength-sensitive sub-wavelength structures fabricated in the metal layers of deep submicron CMOS processes (2010)

Sub-wavelength structures in metal films have interesting optical properties that can be implemented for sensing applications: gratings act as wire grid polarizer, hole arrays with enhanced transmission can be used as spectral filters. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of these nanostructures using 180 nm and 90 nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) processes. The metal layers of the process can be used for optical nanostructures with feature sizes down to 100 nm. We describe the design and simulation of these metal structures using the finite-difference timedomain (FDTD) method. The spectral response of the test structures was measured for different polarizations, where the gratings showed typical features of wire grid polarizers. Using a 180 nm CMOS image sensor process, an image sensor with 6 &#956;m pixel size was designed and fabricated with different polarization selective structures allowing for polarization imaging. A polarization camera using this image sensor is demonstrated, visualizing stress birefringence as an application example. Finally, first results on the fabrication of hole arrays with a period of 320 nm are presented, showing color filters with enhanced transmission.
Neuroradiological aspects of subdural haemorrhages (2005)

Guidelines for neuroimaging in suspected NAHI are recommended. A radiologist with experience in NAHI should report or review these scans. The initial investigation should be CT, but MRI will also be necessary in most cases. Head CT should be an integral part of the skeletal survey in all infants less than 6 months of age referred for child protection investigation, and in children less than 2 years where child abuse is suspected and there are neurological signs, retinal haemorrhages, or fractures.
Endothelial activation and dysregulation in malaria: a potential target for novel therapeutics (2011)

Interventions targeting the Ang-Tie-2 axis to promote endothelial quiescence, including agents to improve endothelial nitric oxide, represent potential adjunctive therapies for cerebral malaria.
Erythropoietin Gene Expression in Human, Monkey and Murine Brain (1996)

The haematopoietic growth factor erythropoietin is the primary regulator of mammalian erythropoiesis and is produced by the kidney and the liver in an oxygen-dependent manner. We and others have recently demonstrated erythropoietin gene expression in the rodent brain. In this work, we show that cerebral erythropoietin gene expression is not restricted to rodents but occurs also in the primate brain. Erythropoietin mRNA was detected in biopsies from the human hippocampus, amygdala and temporal cortex and in various brain areas of the monkey Macaca mulatta. Exposure to a low level of oxygen led to elevated erythropoietin mRNA levels in the monkey brain, as did anaemia in the mouse brain. In addition, erythropoietin receptor mRNA was detected in all brain biopsies tested from man, monkey and mouse. Analysis of primary cerebral cells isolated from newborn mice revealed that astrocytes, but not microglia cells, expressed erythropoietin. When incubated at 1% oxygen, astrocytes showed >100-fold time-dependent erythropoietin mRNA accumulation, as measured with the quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The specificity of hypoxic gene induction in these cells was confirmed by quantitative Northern blot analysis showing hypoxic up-regulation of mRNA encoding the vascular endothelial growth factor, but not of other genes. These findings demonstrate that erythropoietin and its receptor are expressed in the brain of primates as they are in rodents, and that, at least in mice, primary astrocytes are a source of cerebral erythropoietin expression which can be up-regulated by reduced oxygenation.
Cross-reactive Antibody Response between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV Infections (2020)

The World Health Organization has declared the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19, which is caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, a pandemic. There is currently a lack of knowledge about the antibody response elicited from SARS-CoV-2 infection. One major immunological question concerns antigenic differences between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. We address this question by analyzing plasma from patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 or SARS-CoV and from infected or immunized mice. Our results show that, although cross-reactivity in antibody binding to the spike protein is common, cross-neutralization of the live viruses may be rare, indicating the presence of a non-neutralizing antibody response to conserved epitopes in the spike. Whether such low or non-neutralizing antibody response leads to antibody-dependent disease enhancement needs to be addressed in the future. Overall, this study not only addresses a fundamental question regarding antigenicity differences between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV but also has implications for immunogen design and vaccine development.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Induces Heparin-binding Epidermal Growth Factor-like Growth Factor in Vascular Endothelial Cells (1998)

Although several cytokines and growth factors have been shown to regulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production, little is known about how VEGF may regulate growth factors that have known mitogenic and chemotactic actions on mesenchymal cells (which are involved in the maturation of the angiogenic process). We investigated the effect of VEGF on heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. HB-EGF mRNA was induced by 8-fold after 2 h of VEGF stimulation, and it returned to base line within 6 h. VEGF did not alter the half-life of HB-EGF mRNA (55 min). Nuclear run-on experiments showed a 4.9-fold increase in HB-EGF gene transcription within 2 h of VEGF stimulation, and Western analysis demonstrated an associated increase in cellular HB-EGF protein. We found that platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) mRNA was also induced 3-fold after 5 h of VEGF stimulation, whereas neither endothelin 1 nor transforming growth factor-beta1 was regulated by VEGF. Finally, conditioned medium from VEGF-stimulated endothelial cells produced an increase in DNA synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells, and this effect was blocked by a neutralizing antibody to PDGF. The induction of HB-EGF and PDGF-BB expression in endothelial cells may represent the mechanism by which VEGF recruits mesenchymal cells to form the medial and adventitial layers of arterioles and venules during the course of angiogenesis.
Systems Pharmacology Assessment of the 5-Fluorouracil Pathway (2011)

The RNAi screening strategy enabled prioritization of the genes from the 5-FU drug pathway. Further validation of the genes credentialed in this study should include gene activity or expression and mutation analyses of clinical samples.
Controlled and Chemoselective Reduction of Secondary Amides (2010)

This communication describes a metal-free methodology involving an efficient and controlled reduction of secondary amides to imines, aldehydes, and amines in good to excellent yields under ambient pressure and temperature. The process includes a chemoselective activation of a secondary amide with triflic anhydride in the presence of 2-fluoropyridine. The electrophilic activated amide can then be reduced to the corresponding iminium using triethylsilane, a cheap, rather inert, and commercially available reagent. Imines can be isolated after a basic workup or readily transformed to the aldehydes following an acidic workup. The amine moiety can be accessed via a sequential reductive amination by the addition of silane and Hantzsch ester hydride in a one-pot reaction. Moreover, this reduction tolerates various functional groups that are usually reactive under reductive conditions and is very selective to secondary amides.
Scheduling in Multibeam Satellites with Interfering Zones (1983)

In this paper we study the traffic scheduling problem in an SS/TDMA system with interfering beams. We investigate a twostep approach, the first step being the assignment of orthogonal polarization to reduce the interference, and the second step being the scheduling of traffic, taking into account the "resultant" interference. The first step we show can be solved in polynomial time in most cases, while the second step we prove to be NP-complete, even for very simple interference patterns. We suggest several suboptimal algorithms for this second step and, by experimental trials on randomly generated traffic patterns, show that on the average they produce close to optimal solutions.
SORCS1: A Novel Human Type 2 Diabetes Susceptibility Gene Suggested by the Mouse (2007)

Identification of SORCS1 as a novel gene affecting insulin secretion and diabetes risk is likely to provide important insight into the biology of obesity-induced type 2 diabetes.
Rapid Characterization of Spores of Bacillus cereus Group Bacteria by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (2000)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to characterize the spores of 14 microorganisms of the Bacillus cereus group. This group includes the four Bacillus species B. anthracis, B. cereus, B. mycoides, and B. thuringiensis. MALDI mass spectra obtained from whole bacterial spores showed many similarities between the species, except for B. mycoides. At the same time, unique mass spectra could be obtained for the different B. cereus and B. thuringiensis strains, allowing for differentiation at the strain level. To increase the number of detectable biomarkers in the usually peak-poor MALDI spectra of spores, the spores were treated by corona plasma discharge (CPD) or sonicated prior to MALDI analysis. Spectra of sonicated or CPD-treated spores displayed an ensemble of biomarkers common for B. cereus group bacteria. Based on the spectra available, these biomarkers differentiate B. cereus group spores from those of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus globigii. The effect of growth medium on MALDI spectra of spores was also explored.
Inorganic Solid Acids and Their Use in Acid-Catalyzed Hydrocarbon Reactions (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInorganic Solid Acids and Their Use in Acid-Catalyzed Hydrocarbon ReactionsA. CormaCite this: Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 3, 559–614Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00035a006https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00035a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views15526Altmetric-Citations2686LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tissue Factor-Dependent Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Production by Human Fibroblasts in Response to Activated Factor VII (1998)

The transmembrane protein tissue factor (TF) is the cell surface receptor for coagulation factor VII (FVII) and activated factor VII (FVIIa). Recently, TF has been identified as a regulator of angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. This study was designed to link the binding of FVII(a) to its receptor, TF, with the subsequent triggering of angiogenesis through vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production by human lung fibroblasts. We report that incubation of fibroblasts, which express constitutive surface TF, with FVII(a) induces VEGF synthesis. FVII(a)-induced VEGF secretion, assessed by a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, was time- and concentration-dependent. VEGF secretion was maximal after 24 hours of incubation of the cells with 100 nmol/L FVII(a) and represented a threefold induction of the basal VEGF level. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis of VEGF detected three mRNA species of 180, 312, and 384 bp corresponding, respectively, to VEGF121, VEGF165, and VEGF189. A 2.5- to 3.5-fold increase was observed for the 180- and 312-bp transcripts at 12 and 24 hours, respectively. FVII(a)-dependent VEGF production was inhibited by a pool of antibodies against TF, pointing to the involvement of this receptor. On specific active-site inhibition with dansyl-glutamyl-glycinyl-arginyl chloromethyl ketone, FVIIa lost 70% of its capacity to elicit VEGF production. Consistent with this, the native form (zymogen) of FVII only had a 1.8-fold stimulating effect. Protein tyrosine kinase and protein kinase C are involved in signal transduction leading to VEGF production, as shown by the inhibitory effects of genistein and GF 109203X. The results of this study indicate that TF is essential for VIIa-induced VEGF production by human fibroblasts and that its role is mainly linked to the proteolytic activity of the TF-VIIa complex.
Purification and characterization of factor VIII 372-Cys: a hypofunctional cofactor from a patient with moderately severe hemophilia A (1990)

We have purified factor VIII from a patient with moderately severe hemophilia A (FVIII, 4 U/dL; FVIII:Ag, 110 U/dL) and subjected the protein to Western blot analysis after time course activation with thrombin. The cross reacting material-positive (CRM+) FVIII has the normal distribution of heavy and light chains before thrombin activation, and, after incubation with the enzyme, appropriate cleavages are made at positions 740 and 1689. However, the normal thrombin cleavage at position 372 in the heavy chain of this molecule does not occur. This result is consistent with the demonstration in the patient's leukocyte DNA of a C to T transition in codon 372, leading to the substitution of a cysteine for an arginine residue at the heavy chain internal cleavage site. The severely impaired functional activity of this molecule confirms that the heavy chain of FVIII must be proteolysed in order to effect full cofactor activation in vivo. However, a threefold activation was detected when this protein was incubated with thrombin. No evidence of thrombin-mediated cleavage at position 336 in the heavy chain was detected, in contrast to the variant recombinant B domainless-molecule, FVIII 372-Ile, described by Pittman and Kaufman (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:2429, 1988). Using gel permeation studies of the FVIII/von Willebrand factor (vWF) complex before and after thrombin activation, we have demonstrated that the 40 Kd A2 domain of wild type FVIII dissociates from vWF after cleavage by the enzyme. In contrast, incomplete dissociation was detected in the case of FVIII 372-Cys. We conclude that the functional defect in FVIII 372-Cys is a consequence of the resistance to proteolysis of the internal scissile bond in the heavy chain.
The serial position effect of free recall. (1962)

The serial position curve is characterized by a steep, possibly exponential, primacy effect extending over the 1st 3 or 4 words in the list, an S-shaped recency effect extending over the last 8 words in the list, and a horizontal asymptote spanning the primacy and recency effect. The shape of the cu