gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bimodal IgG4-mediated human basophil activation. Role of eosinophils. (1990)

The role of IgG4 antibodies in allergic disorders is suspected. Yet, their presence on human basophil membrane has not been demonstrated and the mechanism of the degranulation induced by anti-IgG4 antibodies remains unclear. As previously reported, we observed that monoclonal anti-IgG4 (10 to 100 micrograms/ml) induced histamine release in the presence of D2O from leukocytes of normal and atopic subjects. The release was accompanied by a decrease of the number of toluidine blue-positive basophils (TB+). Histamine release and TB+ decrease were also observed with lower concentrations of anti-IgG4 (1 to 100 pg/ml). Since basophil activation assessed by TB+ decrease was more sensitive than histamine release, we thus used the former method to further study the mechanisms of the anti-IgG4- vs anti-IgE-induced basophil activation. Basophil activation by anti-IgG4 at 1 to 100 pg/ml, but not by anti-IgG4 at 10 to 100 micrograms/ml or anti-IgE, required the presence of polymorphonuclear cells. Furthermore, anti-IgG4-stimulated purified eosinophils, but not neutrophils, released basophil-activating factors identified as cationic proteins from eosinophils. Thus, the human basophil can be activated by anti-IgG4 via two different mechanisms according to the antibody concentration. At high concentrations (10 to 100 micrograms/ml) basophil activation does not require the presence of polymorphonuclear cells whereas at lower concentrations (1 to 100 pg/ml) the presence of eosinophils is necessary. We propose that in the latter concentration range, basophil activation is a two-step process: 1) release by anti-IgG4 of eosinophil cationic proteins that 2) will, in turn, activate human basophils. This study lends support to the role of IgG4 and eosinophils in anaphylactic reactions.
Osteopontin as a new player in mast cell biology (2008)

The secreted glycoprotein osteopontin (OPN) sets into motion an astounding variety of activities that range from bone remodeling via immunomodulation to the inhibition of apoptosis. In the current issue of the European Journal of Immunology, OPN now also enters mast cell biology and the regulation of IgE-dependent immune responses since it is reported that connective tissue-type mast cells from fetal murine skin constitutively secrete biologically active OPN. Moreover, it is shown that, in vitro, OPN augments IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation and migration via ligand binding to cognate OPN receptors on the mast cell surface (CD44, alpha v integrin) and that the magnitude of an IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction is augmented by OPN in vivo. Here, we discuss why this newly discovered property of OPN fits well into the emerging concept that OPN may serve as a multi-purpose environmental damage-response protein.
Advances in antiviral drug design (1993)

Regularly reviewing the state-of-the-art developments in the antiviral drug research field, this latest volume spans the conceptual design and chemical synthesis of new antiviral compounds. It discusses their structure-activity relationship, mechanism and targets of action, pharmacological behavior, antiviral activity spectrum, and therapeutic potential for clinical use.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Pharmacogenetics: a New Perspective for Anti-Angiogenic Therapy (2006)

The pharmacogenetic approach to anti-angiogenic therapy should be considered a possible strategy for many pathological conditions with high incidence in Western countries, including solid tumors, age-related macular degeneration or endometriosis. While pharmacogenetic studies are building stronger foundations for the systematic investigations of phenotype-genotype relationships in many research and clinical fields of medicine, pharmacogenetic data regarding anti-angiogenic drugs are still lacking. Here we review preclinical and clinical genetic studies on angiogenic determinants such as vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2. We suggest that pharmacogenetic profiling of patients who are candidates for the currently available anti-angiogenic agents targeting vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 may aid the selection of patients on the basis of their likelihood of responding to the drugs or suffering from toxicity.
Modern 3-D seismic interpretation (1998)

Three-dimensional seismic surveys are applied to the whole range of problems from exploration to development and exploitation. They provide constraints for detailed reservoir characterization, for planning and executing enhanced oil recovery strategies, and for monitoring the changes in reservoirs as they are developed and produced. Modern 3-D seismic interpretation involves the use of interactive workstations and the application of both the hardware and software technologies to accurately and efficiently interpret large volumes of data. The 3-D interpreter must not only understand the concepts of geology and seismology but must also develop an understanding of the various algorithms implemented in computer-aided interpretation tools to effectively use these systems.
A carboxyl-terminal fragment of Plasmodium falciparum gp195 expressed by a recombinant baculovirus induces antibodies that completely inhibit parasite growth (1992)

The major merozoite surface Ag (gp195) of Plasmodium falciparum has been shown to protect monkeys against parasite infection, and gp195-based synthetic peptides and recombinant polypeptides have been evaluated as potential malaria vaccines. A major problem in developing a gp195-based recombinant vaccine has been the difficulty in obtaining a recombinant polypeptide that is immunologically equivalent to the native protein. In this study, the carboxyl-terminal processing fragment (p42) of gp195 was produced in yeast and in a baculovirus recombinant system. Immunologic analyses indicated that the secreted baculovirus p42 (BVp42) expressed native, disulfide-dependent conformational epitopes, whereas these epitopes were poorly represented in the intracellular yeast p42. BVp42, but not yeast p42, was also recognized by the majority of gp195-specific antibodies of animals immunized with purified native gp195, indicating that the anti-gp195 response of these animals was focused on conformational determinants of the p42 processing fragment. Sera against native gp195 of congenic mice of diverse H-2 haplotypes recognized the BVp42 polypeptide, demonstrating that a genetically heterogeneous population is capable of responding to p42 epitopes. BVp42 was highly immunogenic and induced high titers of antibodies that were cross-reactive with purified native gp195 in an ELISA and also reacted with schizonts and merozoites by immunofluorescence. Anti-BVp42 antibodies completely inhibited the in vitro growth of the malaria parasite, whereas anti-yeast p42 antibodies had no effect. These results indicate that native, conformational epitopes of p42 are critical for the induction of gp195-specific, parasite growth-inhibitory antibodies and that the BVp42 polypeptide efficiently induces antibodies specific for these native determinants.
Sphingosine 1-phosphate signalling through the G-protein-coupled receptor Edg-1 (1998)

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) are structurally related lipid mediators that act on distinct G-protein-coupled receptors to evoke similar responses, including Ca2+ mobilization, adenylate cyclase inhibition, and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation. However, little is still known about the respective receptors. A recently cloned putative LPA receptor (Vzg-1/Edg-2) is similar to an orphan Gi-coupled receptor termed Edg-1. Here we show that expression of Edg-1 in Sf9 and COS-7 cells results in inhibition of adenylate cyclase and activation of MAP kinase (Gi-mediated), but not Ca2+ mobilization, in response to S1P. These responses are specific in that (i) S1P action is not mimicked by LPA, and (ii) Vzg-1/Edg-2 cannot substitute for Edg-1. Thus the Edg-1 receptor is capable of mediating a subset of the cellular responses to S1P.
Genes Encoding Pseudo-Response Regulators: Insight into His-to-Asp Phosphorelay and Circadian Rhythm in Arabidopsis thaliana (2000)

In the higher plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, results from recent intensive studies suggested that His-to-Asp phosphorelay mechanisms are involved presumably in propagation of environmental stimuli, such as phytohormones (e.g. ethylene and cytokinin). Here we identified and characterized a set of novel Arabidopsis genes whose products considerably resemble the authentic response regulators (ARR-series) of Arabidopsis in the sense that they have a phospho-accepting receiver-like domain. However, they should be discriminated from the classical ones in the strict sense that they lack the invariant phospho-accepting aspartate site. They were thus named APRRs (Arabidopsis pseudo-response regulators). Two such representatives, APRR1 and APRR2, were characterized extensively through cloning of the corresponding cDNAs, in terms of their structural designs, biochemical properties, subcellular localization in plant cells, and expression profiles at the transcriptional level. The result of in vitro phosphorylation experiment with the Arabidopsis AHP phosphotransmitter suggested that the pseudo-receivers have no ability to undergo phosphorylation. The result of transient expression assay with onion epidermal cells showed that the GFP-APRR1 fusion protein has an ability to enter into the nuclei. The C-terminal domain of APRR1, termed CONSTANS-motif, appears to be responsible for the nuclear-localization. The most intriguing result was that the accumulation of APRR1 transcript is subjected to a circadian rhythm. The APRR1 protein is identical to the one that was recently suggested to interact with the ABI3 (ABISCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3) protein. These are discussed with special reference to the His-to-Asp phosphorelay signal transduction and circadian rhythm in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Retrovirus‐Mediated Gene Transfer into Hematopoietic Stem Cellsa (1987)

The ability to transfer new genetic information into murine and human hematopoietic cells with retrovirus vectors offers a powerful approach to identifying the molecular mechanisms governing stem cell development. The newly integrated provirus also serves as a clonal marker for elucidating the lineage relationships of the cells in the stem cell hierarchy. High efficiency gene transfer into human cells opens the way to developing new therapy for treating genetic diseases by introducing functional genes into deficient cells. Present transplantation technology would only permit gene therapy with bone marrow cells. However, as gene transfer and transplantation technologies improve it may be possible to consider treating diseases that affect other organs and tissues. I would like to acknowledge the support of Alan Bernstein and R. Phillips in whose labs the murine work was carried out during a post-doctoral fellowship. I also thank Sharon Kerbel for excellent assistance in the preparation of this manuscript.
A QHD-capable parallel H.264 decoder (2011)

Video coding follows the trend of demanding higher performance every new generation, and therefore could utilize many-cores. A complete parallelization of H.264, which is the most advanced video coding standard, was found to be difficult due to the complexity of the standard. In this paper a parallel implementation of a complete H.264 decoder is presented. Our parallelization strategy exploits function-level as well as data-level parallelism. Function-level parallelism is used to pipeline the H.264 decoding stages. Data-level parallelism is exploited within the two most time consuming stages, the entropy decoding stage and the macroblock decoding stage. The parallelization strategy has been implemented and optimized on three platforms with very different memory architectures, namely an 8-core SMP, a 64-core cc-NUMA, and an 18-core Cell platform. Evaluations have been performed using 4kx2k QHD sequences. On the SMP platform a maximum speedup of 4.5x is achieved. The SMP-implementation is reasonably performance portable as it achieves a speedup of 26.6x on the cc-NUMA system. However, to obtain the highest performance (speedup of 33.4x and throughput of 200 QHD frames per second), several cc-NUMA specific optimizations are necessary such as optimizing the page placement and statically assigning threads to cores. Finally, on the Cell platform a near ideal speedup of 16.5x is achieved by completely hiding the communication latency.
Export defect adjacent to the processing site of staphylococcal nuclease is suppressed by a prlA mutation (1985)

Plasmids have been constructed in which the Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase promoter and signal sequence have been fused to the staphylococcal nuclease gene to promote the high-level expression and secretion of this gene product in E. coli. We determined that the first amino acid residue after the signal sequence can determine whether this protein was processed and exported to the periplasmic space. Fractionation and protease accessibility studies were used to show that the export-defective, nuclease precursor is internal to the cytoplasmic membrane barrier of the cell. Furthermore, this export defect was suppressed in a strain containing a prlA mutation. These findings are novel in that this region of the polypeptide chain has been implicated in processing but not export and that prlA mutations have not been previously known to suppress such defects.
Aerosol orgotein (Ontosein) for the prevention of radiotherapy-induced adverse effects in head and neck cancer patients: a feasibility study. (2002)

Orgotein is an anti-inflammatory superoxide dismutase agent successfully used in treating several inflammatory diseases. It is also used in treating radiation-induced adverse effects in difference malignancies, notably breast, lung, bladder, prostate, cervix, and head and neck cancers. It is administered either topically or parenterally. To our knowledge, it has never been used before for prophylaxis of radiation-induced adverse effects or in aerosol form. Here we report on the results from a feasibility study on aerosol orgotein (Ontosein) for prevention of acute and deferred radiation-induced adverse effects in patients treated for head and neck malignancies. Our results show that aerosol orgotein administered before each radiation therapy session may impart some benefits in both incidence and severity of acute and deferred radiation-induced adverse effects in head and neck cancer patients, when compared with historical controls. In addition, aerosol orgotein administration is easy and convenient for both the patient and the radiotherapist.
Multiple Myeloma (2011)

Autologous stem-cell transplantation and agents such as thalidomide, lenalidomide, and bortezomib have changed the management of myeloma and extended overall survival. This review discusses both the biologic features and the management of multiple myeloma.
Identification and Characterization of a Binding Site for Platelets in the Apple 3 Domain of Coagulation Factor XI (1995)

Activated platelets expose a specific, reversible high affinity (Kdapp congruent to 10 nM) binding site (n congruent to 1500 sites/platelet) for factor XI that requires the presence of high molecular weight kininogen (HK) and ZnCl2 (Greengard, J. S., Heeb, M. J., Ersdal, E., Walsh, P. N., and Griffin, J. H. (1986) Biochemistry 25, 3884-3890). Synthetic, conformationally constrained peptides from four tandem repeat (Apple) domains were tested for their capacity to inhibit 125I-factor XI binding to platelets. A peptide from the Apple 3 (A3) domain (Asn235-Arg266) inhibits factor XI binding to platelets in the presence of HK (42 nM), CaCl2 (2 mM), and ZnCl2 (25 microM), with a Ki congruent to 10 nM which is identical to the Kd for factor XI binding to platelets. A peptide from the A1 domain (Phe56-Ser86) partially inhibits factor XI binding to platelets (Ki congruent to 6 microM) by inhibiting factor XI binding to HK, whereas peptides from the A2 and A4 domains have no effect. Using computer modeling for rational design, conformationally constrained peptides were synthesized (Pro229-Gln233, Thr241-Leu246, and Ser248-Ser261) each of which acted alone and synergistically when added together to inhibit factor XI binding to platelets. Finally, the 125I-labeled A3 domain peptide (Asn235-Arg266) was found to bind to thrombin-activated platelets in a specific, reversible, and saturable manner. Thus, the sequence of amino acids Asn235-Arg266 of the A3 domain of factor XI comprises a contact surface for interaction with a platelet receptor.
An objective tool for assessing the outcome of total knee replacement surgery (2008)

The need for an objective tool to assess the outcome of total knee replacement (TKR) surgery is widely recognized. This study investigates the potential of an objective diagnostic tool for assessing the outcome of TKR surgery based on motion analysis techniques. The diagnostic tool has two main elements: collection of data using motion analysis, and the assessment of knee function using a classifier that is based around the Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence. The tool was used to analyse the knee function of nine TKR subjects preoperatively and at three stages post-operatively. Using important measurable characteristics of the knee, the tool was able to establish the level of benefit achieved by surgery and to enable a comparison of subjects. No subject recovered normal knee function following TKR surgery. This has important implications for knee implant designs.
INTRAPERITONEAL PRESSURE (1931)

Pressure conditions which exist within the peritoneal cavity have received much less attention than that given to considerations of the pressure within other body cavities. Since one understands pressure to be the action of a force against an opposing force, it is possible to think of a pressure within the cleft between the parietal and the opposing visceral peritoneum. Under normal conditions the peritoneal cavity, as it is known anatomically, is not a cavity but a cleft. However, in this discussion the term peritoneal cavity will, because of its wider usage, be used to denote the potential peritoneal space, or, more strictly speaking, the peritoneal cleft. The ramifications of this cleft extend, for the most part, throughout the abdominal cavity and between the various organs. Nothing is contained within this space except a small amount of peritoneal fluid which moistens its surfaces. There is no communication with the outside except
Heart block in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: pathogenetic factors and effects of treatment (1998)

Heart block during sleep has been described in up to 10% of patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between sleep stage, oxygen desaturation and apnoea-associated bradyarrhythmias as well as the effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP)/nasal bi-level positive airway pressure (nBiPAP) therapy on these arrhythmias in patients without electrophysiological abnormalities. Sixteen patients (14 males and two females, mean age 49.6+/-10.4 yrs) with sleep apnoea and nocturnal heart block underwent polysomnography after exclusion of electrophysiological abnormalities of the sinus node function and atrioventricular (AV) conduction system by invasive electrophysiological evaluation. During sleep, 651 episodes of heart block were recorded, 572 (87.9%) occurred during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and 79 (12.1%) during nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep stages 1 and 2. During REM sleep, the frequency of heart block was significantly higher than during NREM sleep: 0.69+/-0.99 versus 0.02+/-0.04 episodes of heart block x min(-1) of the respective sleep stage (p<0.001). During apnoeas or hypopnoeas, 609 bradyarrhythmias (93.5%) occurred with a desaturation of at least 4%. With nCPAP/ nBiPAP therapy, apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) decreased from 75.5+/-39.6 x h(-1) to 3.0+/-6.6 x h(-1) (p<0.01) and the number of arrhythmias from 651 to 72 (p<0.01). We conclude that: 1) 87.9% of apnoea-associated bradyarrhythmias occur during rapid eye movement sleep; 2) the vast majority of heart block episodes occur during a desaturation of at least 4% without a previously described threshold value of 72%; and 3) nasal continuous positive airway pressure or nasal bi-level positive airway pressure is the therapy of choice in patients with apnoea-associated bradyarrhythmias.
afsR is a pleiotropic but conditionally required regulatory gene for antibiotic production in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) (1996)

The N-terminal region of AfsR, a putative pleiotropic regulatory protein for antibiotic production in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), is homologous to RedD and Actil-ORF4, pathway-specific regulatory proteins required for the production of the antibiotics undecylprodigiosin (Red) and actinorhodin (Act), respectively. The recent identification of afsS, which lies immediately 3' of afsR and which stimulates antibiotic production when cloned at high copy number, questioned whether afsR was a pleiotropic regulatory gene. In this study we demonstrate that multiple copies of afsR can stimulate both Act and Red production and that, despite its homology, it cannot substitute for the pathway-specific regulatory genes. Moreover, an in-frame deletion that removed most of the afsR coding sequence resulted in loss of Act and Red production, and a marked reduction in the synthesis of the calcium-dependent antibiotic (CDA), but only under some (non-permissive) nutritional conditions. Although additional copies of afsR resulted in elevated levels of the actII-ORF4 and redD transcripts, transcription of the pathway-specific regulatory genes under non-permissive conditions was unaffected by deletion of afsR. While afsR may operate independently of the pathway-specific regulatory proteins to influence antibiotic production, the activity of ActII-ORF4 and of RedD under non-permissive conditions could depend on interaction with, or modification by, AfsR.
EA 전문가 역량모델에 관한 연구 (2012)

본 연구는 EA 전문가의 역량을 정의하기 위해 국내외 교육과정을 살펴보고, EA 전문가의 기초적이고 공통적인 역량을 도출하였다. 특히 EA의 다양한 이해당사자들이 공통으로 참조하고 활용할 수 있는 역량을 정의하여 향후의 지속적인 발전모델의 기초로 삼고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 EA의 공통, 개발, 분석, 관리 등 4개 핵심역량을 정하여 각 역량의 정의를 제시하였으며 경력 단계별(아키텍트, 엔터프라이즈 아키텍트, 수석 아키텍트)로 역량의 중요도를 구분하였다. 본 연구결과는 EA 전문가와 정보화 담당자의 EA 이해도를 제고하고 역량을 강화하기 위한 교육과정의 표준 역량과 커리큘럼 작성에 시사점을 제공할 수 있다.
Carbon Nanotube Network Ambipolar Field‐Effect Transistors with 108 On/Off Ratio (2014)

Polymer wrapping is a highly effective method of selecting semiconducting carbon nanotubes and dispersing them in solution. Semi-aligned semiconducting carbon nanotube networks are obtained by blade coating, an effective and scalable process. The field-effect transistor (FET) performance can be tuned by the choice of wrapping polymer, and the polymer concentration modifies the FET transport characteristics, leading to a record on/off ratio of 10(8) .
Prognostic significance of CD276 in non-small cell lung cancer (2019)

According to the information mined from the tumor gene database, CD276 mRNA was found highly expressed in NSCLC tissue and the expression of CD276 has a significant impact on survival of NSCLC patients, which provides an important theoretical basis for further study of the role of CD276 in the occurrence and development of NSCLC.