gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient action spotting based on a spacetime oriented structure representation (2010)

This paper addresses action spotting, the spatiotemporal detection and localization of human actions in video. A novel compact local descriptor of video dynamics in the context of action spotting is introduced based on visual spacetime oriented energy measurements. This descriptor is efficiently computed directly from raw image intensity data and thereby forgoes the problems typically associated with flow-based features. An important aspect of the descriptor is that it allows for the comparison of the underlying dynamics of two spacetime video segments irrespective of spatial appearance, such as differences induced by clothing, and with robustness to clutter. An associated similarity measure is introduced that admits efficient exhaustive search for an action template across candidate video sequences. Empirical evaluation of the approach on a set of challenging natural videos suggests its efficacy.
Influence of precursor fields on ultrashort pulse autocorrelation measurements and pulse width evolution (2001)

The influence of the precursor fields of a double resonance Lorentz model dielectric on ultrashort pulse autocorrelation measurements and the resultant dynamical pulse width evolution is presented.
RFLP Maps Based on a Common Set of Clones Reveal Modes of Chromosomal Evolution in Potato and Tomato. (1988)

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) are members of the Solanaceae (nightshade family) and have the same basic chromosome number (x = 12). However, they cannot be cross-hybridized and, until now, it was unknown how conserved the gene order might be between these two species. We report herein the construction of a genetic linkage map of potato chromosomes based on genomic and cDNA clones from tomato. The potato map was drawn from segregation data derived from the interspecific cross S. phureja X (S. tuberosum X S. chacoense) (2n = 2x = 24), and consists of 135 markers defining 12 distinct linkage groups. Nearly all of the tomato probes tested hybridized to potato DNA, and in most cases, the copy number of the employed clones was the same in both species. Furthermore, all clones mapped to the same linkage group in both species. For nine chromosomes, the order of loci appears to be identical in the two species, while for the other three, intrachromosomal rearrangements are apparent, all of which appear to be paracentric inversions with one breakpoint at or near the centromere. These results are consistent with cytogenetic theory, previously untested in plants, which predicts that paracentric inversions will have the least negative effect on fitness and thus be the most likely form of chromosomal rearrangements to survive through evolutionary time. Linkage maps based on a common set of restriction fragment length polymorphism markers provide a basis for uniting the previously separate disciplines of tomato and potato genetics. Using these maps, it may now be possible to test theories about homologies or orthologies of other genes, including those coding for disease resistance and stress tolerances.
HIV-1 drug resistance mutations: an updated framework for the second decade of HAART. (2008)

More than 200 mutations are associated with antiretroviral resistance to drugs belonging to six licensed antiretroviral classes. More than 50 reverse transcriptase mutations are associated with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance including M184V, thymidine analog mutations, mutations associated with non-thymidine analog containing regimens, multi-nucleoside resistance mutations, and several recently identified accessory mutations. More than 40 reverse transcriptase mutations are associated with nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance including major primary and secondary mutations, non-polymorphic minor mutations, and polymorphic accessory mutations. More than 60 mutations are associated with protease inhibitor resistance including major protease, accessory protease, and protease cleavage site mutations. More than 30 integrase mutations are associated with the licensed integrase inhibitor raltegravir and the investigational inhibitor elvitegravir. More than 15 gp41 mutations are associated with the fusion inhibitor enfuvirtide. CCR5 inhibitor resistance results from mutations that promote gp120 binding to an inhibitor-bound CCR5 receptor or CXCR4 tropism; however, the genotypic correlates of these processes are not yet well characterized.
Inference of the Transcriptional Regulatory Network in Staphylococcus aureus by Integration of Experimental and Genomics-Based Evidence (2011)

Transcriptional regulatory networks are fine-tuned systems that help microorganisms respond to changes in the environment and cell physiological state. We applied the comparative genomics approach implemented in the RegPredict Web server combined with SEED subsystem analysis and available information on known regulatory interactions for regulatory network reconstruction for the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus and six related species from the family Staphylococcaceae. The resulting reference set of 46 transcription factor regulons contains more than 1,900 binding sites and 2,800 target genes involved in the central metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids; respiration; the stress response; metal homeostasis; drug and metal resistance; and virulence. The inferred regulatory network in S. aureus includes ∼320 regulatory interactions between 46 transcription factors and ∼550 candidate target genes comprising 20% of its genome. We predicted ∼170 novel interactions and 24 novel regulons for the control of the central metabolic pathways in S. aureus. The reconstructed regulons are largely variable in the Staphylococcaceae: only 20% of S. aureus regulatory interactions are conserved across all studied genomes. We used a large-scale gene expression data set for S. aureus to assess relationships between the inferred regulons and gene expression patterns. The predicted reference set of regulons is captured within the Staphylococcus collection in the RegPrecise database (http://regprecise.lbl.gov).
Induction of the E-selectin promoter by interleukin 1 and tumour necrosis factor α, and inhibition by glucocorticoids (1997)

Cytokine-induced expression of the endothelial cell surface adhesion molecule E-selectin is inhibited by glucocorticoids (GCs). To investigate possible mechanisms for steroid inhibition, a reporter gene (ESAP) was constructed, comprising the cytokine responsive region of the E-selectin gene (nt -383 to +81) coupled to alkaline phosphatase (AP). In A549 cells stably transfected with the ESAP gene, AP production was highly responsive to the cytokines interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) and tumour necrosis factor alpha, with ED50 values of 3 pM and 1000 pM respectively. Furthermore the cytokine-induced AP responses were inhibited by GCs, indicating that both transcriptional activation and GC suppression of the E-selectin gene were mediated via regulatory elements within the same region of the promoter. The relative potencies of GC drugs as inhibitors of IL-1beta (10 pM)-stimulated ESAP-gene activation were fluticasone> beclomethasone>dexamethasone, with IC50 values of 0.13, 1.1 and 2.7 nM respectively. Inhibition by fluticasone was blocked by the GC receptor (GR) antagonist drug mifepristone (Ru486), which is consistent with the suppressive effects of GCs being mediated via the GR. However, because the E-selectin promoter lacks a consensus glucocorticoid responsive element, mechanisms for inhibition independent of GR-DNA binding were investigated. Evidence that GCs also inhibited cytokine activation of a synthetic nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB)-driven reporter gene transiently transfected into A549 cells suggested that interference with the activation and/or function of this transcription factor was important for GC inhibition of ESAP. However, in A549-ESAP cells, fluticasone (100 nM) did not affect IL-1beta (10 pM)-induced IkBalpha degradation, NFkappaB-p65 nuclear translocation or the DNA-binding capacity of nuclear NFkappaB complexes, over a period during which cytokine-induced ESAP-gene activation was inhibited. Finally, there was no evidence to suggest that GC enhancement of IkBalpha gene expression contributed to the suppression of the cytokine response. We conclude that interference by GR with the transcriptional activation potential of DNA-bound NFkappaB complexes might contribute to mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of GCs.
Construction of a panel of chromosome-specific oligonucleotide probes (PRINS-primers) useful for the identification of individual human chromosomes in situ (1995)

We present the sequences of a set of oligonucleotides that, when used as primers for PRimed IN Situ (PRINS) labeling, are diagnostic for repetitive sequences in specific human chromosomes. Combined, they enable identification of all human chromosomes except 6, 19, and 20. However, as is also the case with cloned centromeric hybridization probes, chromosomes 14 and 22 are stained together. Along with the sequences of these oligonucleotides we offer a simple, universal procedures for their use. We also present an oligonucleotide that binds to both strands of alpha-satellite DNA, making it possible to specifically amplify alpha-satellite DNA by PCR with this one oligonucleotide alone as primer. The origin of the alpha-satellite DNA in the starting material (whether somatic cell hybrids, flow-sorted chromosomes, or microdissected material) can then be determined on test metaphase spreads by in situ hybridization or PRINS with the PCR product.
Identification of Some Phenolic Compounds in Bilberry Juice Vaccinium myrtillus (1987)

ABSTRACT The phenolic compounds of the ethyl acetate extractable fraction of bilberry juice– Vaccinium myrfillus —were separated and collected by semi‐preparative HPLC. Three flavonoids [quercetin‐3‐rhamnoside (quercitrin), quercetin‐3‐galactoside (hypersoide), quercetin‐3‐gluco‐side (isoquercitrin)], six phenolic acids [caffeic, chlorogenic, paracoumaric, ferulic, syringic, hydroxybenzoic derivative] previously reported, and other phenolic acids [gallic, protocatechic, p ‐hydroxy‐benzoic, m ‐hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, m ‐coumaric, o ‐coumaric] were detected by analytical RP‐HPLC, TLC procedures, acid and alkaline hydrolyses and spectral characteristics examination. Some of these compounds have not yet been reported for bilbenies. The absence of flavan‐3‐ols and their weakly condensed derivatives, which have already been identified in this fruit, would be attributed to the maturity stages of bilberries and to the strong reactivity of monomeric and dimeric flavan‐3‐ols.
ANTITUMOR EFFECTS OF THE INTRAVESICAL INSTILLATION OF HEAT KILLED CELLS OF THE LACTOBACILLUS CASEI STRAIN SHIROTA ON THE MURINE ORTHOTOPIC BLADDER TUMOR MBT-2 (2001)

These results suggest that LC9018 is potentially more potent and safer as a therapeutic agent than BCG for superficial bladder tumors. Furthermore, the antitumor effect of LC9018 is exerted via the augmentation of local cell mediated antitumor immunity.
Radioimmunotherapy in experimental animal models: principles derived from models. (1990)

Experimental animal models have made it possible to study some of the biological, biochemical, and pharmacological parameters involved in the use of radiolabeled monoclonal antibody for therapy and detection. Although such models are less appropriate for studies of dosimetry and the host's immune response to the monoclonal antibody, some general principles have been derived from the various model systems that have largely held true in studies in patients. Some of the points learned from experimental animal models will be illustrated in this paper.
Site Selectivity of the Diels−Alder Reactions of 3-[1-(tert-Butyldimethylsilyloxy)vin-1-yl]furan and 3-(Propen-2-yl)furan. Synthesis of 4-Substituted Benzofurans (1996)

The Diels−Alder reaction of 3-vinylfurans 5 and 27 with DMAD, N-phenylmaleimide, and dimethyl maleate afforded products derived both from addition to the furan ring diene system (intraannular addition) and to the furan 2,3-double bond 3-vinyl group diene system (extraannular addition). For example, compounds 6 and 7 were obtained from 5 and DMAD. In contrast, dienophiles containing a phenylsulfinyl group, such as 19−21, gave products derived exclusively from the extraannular reaction mode. These products are useful precursors of 4-substituted benzofurans, especially 4-hydroxybenzofurans.
Experimental Verification of a Negative Index of Refraction (2001)

We present experimental scattering data at microwave frequencies on a structured metamaterial that exhibits a frequency band where the effective index of refraction (n) is negative. The material consists of a two-dimensional array of repeated unit cells of copper strips and split ring resonators on interlocking strips of standard circuit board material. By measuring the scattering angle of the transmitted beam through a prism fabricated from this material, we determine the effective n, appropriate to Snell's law. These experiments directly confirm the predictions of Maxwell's equations that n is given by the negative square root of epsilon.mu for the frequencies where both the permittivity (epsilon) and the permeability (mu) are negative. Configurations of geometrical optical designs are now possible that could not be realized by positive index materials.
Influence of n‐3 fatty acids on blood lipids in normal subjects (1989)

The effects of consuming oils providing alpha-linolenic (ALA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids were studied in healthy volunteers. A blunted increase in plasma triglyceride was observed in subjects given a test meal containing fish oil compared with olive oil; cholesterol concentrations were not increased; increases in EPA and DHA were seen in all lipid fractions. In longer term supplementation studies, ALA increased EPA, but not DHA in plasma phospholipids; preformed EPA was more effective. The proportion of EPA in platelet lipids increased in a dose dependent manner. EPA or DHA, but not ALA, decreased plasma triglyceride and VLDL cholesterol concentrations. Supplements containing DHA increased HDL and HDL2 cholesterol and LDL apoB. Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol concentrations were unaltered.
Tunable inductive coupling of superconducting qubits in the strongly nonlinear regime (2017)

For a variety of superconducting qubits, tunable interactions are achieved through mutual inductive coupling to a coupler circuit containing a nonlinear Josephson element. In this paper, we derive the general interaction mediated by such a circuit under the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. This interaction naturally decomposes into a classical part, with origin in the classical circuit equations, and a quantum part, associated with the coupler's zero-point energy. Our result is nonperturbative in the qubit-coupler coupling strengths and in the coupler nonlinearity. This can lead to significant departures from previous, linear theories for the interqubit coupling, including nonstoquastic and many-body interactions. Our analysis provides explicit and efficiently computable series for any term in the interaction Hamiltonian and can be applied to any superconducting qubit type. We conclude with a numerical investigation of our theory using a case study of two coupled flux qubits, and in particular study the regime of validity of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation.
The geldanamycins are potent inhibitors of the hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor-met-urokinase plasminogen activator-plasmin proteolytic network. (2000)

The Met receptor tyrosine kinase and its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF), have been implicated in human tumor development and metastasis. HGF/SF induces the expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and the uPA receptor (uPAR), important mediators of cell invasion and metastasis. We have developed a cell-based assay to screen for inhibitors of this signaling system using the induction of endogenous uPA and uPAR and the subsequent conversion of plasminogen to plasmin as the biological end point. Assay validation was established using a neutralizing antiserum to HGF/SF and a uPA inhibitor (B428), as well as inhibitors of the MKK-MAPK1/2 pathway, shown previously to be important in the induction of uPA and uPAR. Using this assay, we found several classes of molecules that exhibited inhibition of HGF/SF-dependent plasmin activation. However, we discovered that certain members of the geldanamycin family of anisamycin antibiotics are potent inhibitors of HGF/SF-mediated plasmin activation, displaying inhibitory properties at femtomolar concentrations and nine orders of magnitude below their growth inhibitory concentrations. At nanomolar concentrations, the geldanamycins down-regulate Met protein expression, inhibit HGF/SF-mediated cell motility and invasion, and also revert the phenotype of both autocrine HGF/SF-Met transformed cells as well as those transformed by Met proteins with activating mutations. Thus, the geldanamycins may have important therapeutic potential for the treatment of cancers in which Met activity contributes to the invasive/metastatic phenotype.
A high speed low-noise equalization technique with improved bit error rate (2003)

This paper presents a low-noise adaptive equalization technique suitable for Gbps data transmission. The proposed equalization technique uses adaptive analog FIR filter as the equalization filter for high-speed operation. The FIR filter is trained with a random search algorithm on an error signal calculated by comparing the spectral energy of the equalized signal with the desired spectral energy. The proposed error detection scheme includes the comparator as an integrated part of the equalizer to avoid over-boosting the high frequency noise, thus it has less high-frequency noise amplification than typical equalizers. Bit error rate analysis comparing the noise performance of the proposed equalization method with typical equalization methods is presented; simulation shows that the proposed method has much improved bit error rate performance at the same noise level. The high-frequency noise amplification of the proposed equalization method is 27.38 dB lower than typical method for 125 Mbps data transmission over 200 m UTP5 cables.
Inflammatory processes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2002)

Neuroinflammation is a characteristic of pathologically affected tissue in several neurodegenerative disorders. These changes can be observed in the brainstem and spinal cord of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases and in mouse models of the disease. They include an accumulation of large numbers of activated microglia and astrocytes, as well as small numbers of T cells, mostly adhering to postcapillary venules. Accompanying biochemical alterations include the appearance of numerous molecules characteristic of free-radical attack, the occurrence of proteins associated with activation of the complement cascade, and a sharp upregulation of the enzyme cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). Anti-inflammatory agents may have a role to play in treating ALS. COX-2 is a particularly attractive target because of its marked increase in ALS spinal cord.
SOLUBLE INTERCELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULE-1 (sICAM-1) AFTER KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION: THE ORIGIN AND ROLE OF URINARY sICAM-1?1 (2001)

Increased urinary excretion of sICAM-1 was demonstrated in kidney transplanted patients a few days before acute rejection. It seems to originate from activated macrophages and/or from the tubular epithelial cells. The fact that urinary sICAM-1 is not bound to hyaluronan or to leukocytes suggests that it is not able to compete with membrane-bound ICAM-1 for these bindings, but may do so for the binding of activated macrophages.
Automated concurrency-bug fixing (2012)

Concurrency bugs are widespread in multithreaded programs. Fixing them is time-consuming and error-prone. We present CFix, a system that automates the repair of concurrency bugs. CFix works with a wide variety of concurrency-bug detectors. For each failure-inducing interleaving reported by a bug detector, CFix first determines a combination of mutual-exclusion and order relationships that, once enforced, can prevent the buggy interleaving. CFix then uses static analysis and testing to determine where to insert what synchronization operations to force the desired mutual-exclusion and order relationships, with a best effort to avoid deadlocks and excessive performance losses. CFix also simplifies its own patches by merging fixes for related bugs.Evaluation using four different types of bug detectors and thirteen real-world concurrency-bug cases shows that CFix can successfully patch these cases without causing deadlocks or excessive performance degradation. Patches automatically generated by CFix are of similar quality to those manually written by developers.
Effect of chemical modifications upon exchange capacity of aminated macroporous styrene-divinyl benzene (PS-DVB) copolymer anion exchange resin (2001)

The macroporous PS–DVB resin was prepared in the laboratory by suspension polymerization using gelatin as stabilizer and toluene as porogen. This is subsequently nitrated by a mixture of NO and NO2 (called NOx) in a gas phase reaction, and the carbon–nitrogen covalent bonding has been demonstrated by modified Laissagne spot test, FTIR, and ESCA analysis. This has been aminated by reducing the nitrate groups using hydrazine hydrate, and the resultant weak base anion exchange resin was shown to have a one-time exchange property because of its inability to be regenerated by the usual ASTM procedures. The chloroethylated PS–DVB resin is prepared by reacting aminated resin with dichloroethane, and is shown that two molecules of the latter react with every amine group. The regenerable strong-base anion exchange resin is then prepared by quarternizing it with tartiary (trimethyl and triethyl) amines and triphenyl phosphine, and it is shown that these gegen ions have a considerable effect on the exchange ability of the resin. We have found the duration of nitration to be the most important parameter affecting the capacity, and in this work, we report studies for all these gegen ions. It is found that for any gegen ion, the exchange capacity first increases for short times of nitration, reaches a broad maxima of around 5 mEq/g of wet resin with about 69% moisture content (or 15.48 mEq/dry g), and falls slightly for larger times of nitration due to a slight degradation. This is to be compared with commercial chloromethylated resin, which has an exchange capacity of 1.68 mEq/g of wet resin with 43.53% moisture content (or 2.97 mEq/dry g of resin). It is found that the resin with triphenyl phosphine as a gegen ion gives the highest exchange capacity, while the one with trimethyl gives the lowest. To assess the solvation ability of the chloroethylated resin prepared in this work, we evolved three stages of drying consistent with the literature such that in the first stage, unmodified resin loses moisture completely (shell 1 moisture), in the second stage, chloromethylated (commercial anion exchange) resin loses moisture completely (shell 2 moisture), and in the third stage chloroethylated resin loses moisture completely (shell 3 moisture). With the increase in the duration of nitration, the shell 1 and 2 moistures first increase, but after 5 h of nitration they fall to lower asymptotic values for a large duration of nitration. However, shell 3 moisture keeps on increasing and is the highest for triphenyl phosphine gegen ion and the lowest for trimethyl amine. This increased solvation ability of chloroethylated resin is likely to be responsible for higher exchange ability of the resin reported in this work. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 1735–1748, 2001