gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autologous transplantation of ex vivo expanded bone marrow cells grown from small aliquots after high-dose chemotherapy for breast cancer (2000)

The collection of small aliquots of bone marrow (BM), followed by ex vivo expansion for autologous transplantation may be less morbid, and more cost-effective, than typical BM or blood stem cell harvesting. Passive elimination of contaminating tumor cells during expansion could reduce reinoculation risks. Nineteen breast cancer patients underwent autotransplants exclusively using ex vivo expanded small aliquot BM cells (900-1200 x 10(6)). BM was expanded in media containing recombinant flt3 ligand, erythropoietin, and PIXY321, using stromal-based perfusion bioreactors for 12 days, and infused after high-dose chemotherapy. Correlations between cell dose and engraftment times were determined, and immunocytochemical tumor cell assays were performed before and after expansion. The median volume of BM expanded was 36.7 mL (range 15.8-87.0). Engraftment of neutrophils greater than 500/microL and platelets greater than 20,000/microL were 16 (13-24) and 24 (19-45) days, respectively; 1 patient had delayed platelet engraftment, even after infusion of back-up BM. Hematopoiesis is maintained at 24 months, despite posttransplant radiotherapy in 18 of the 19 patients. Transplanted CD34(+)/Lin(-) (lineage negative) cell dose correlated with neutrophil and platelet engraftment, with patients receiving greater than 2.0 x 10(5) CD34(+)/Lin(-) cells per kilogram, engrafting by day 28. Tumor cells were observed in 1 of the 19 patients before expansion, and in none of the 19 patients after expansion. It is feasible to perform autotransplants solely with BM cells grown ex vivo in perfusion bioreactors from a small aliquot. Engraftment times are similar to those of a typical 1000 to 1500 mL BM autotransplant. If verified, this procedure could reduce the risk of tumor cell reinoculation with autotransplants and may be valuable in settings in which small stem cell doses are available, eg, cord blood transplants. (Blood. 2000;95:2169-2174)
Proto‐oncogene, Pim‐3 with serine/threonine kinase activity, is aberrantly expressed in human colon cancer cells and can prevent Bad‐mediated apoptosis (2007)

We previously observed that Pim-3 with serine/threonine kinase activity, was aberrantly expressed in malignant lesions of endoderm-derived organs, liver and pancreas. Because Pim-3 protein was not detected in normal colon mucosal tissues, we evaluated Pim-3 expression in malignant lesions of human colon, another endoderm-derived organ. Pim-3 was detected immunohistochemically in well-differentiated (43/68 cases) and moderately differentiated (23/41 cases) but not poorly differentiated colon adenocarcinomas (0/5 cases). Moreover, Pim-3 proteins were detected in adenoma (35/40 cases) and normal mucosa (26/111 cases), which are adjacent to adenocarcinoma. Pim-3 was constitutively expressed in SW480 cells and the transfection with Pim-3 short hairpin RNA promoted apoptosis. In the same cell line, a pro-apoptotic molecule, Bad, was phosphorylated at Ser(112) and Ser(136) sites of phosphorylation that are representative of its inactive form. Ser(112) but not Ser(136) phosphorylation in this cell line was abrogated by Pim-3 knockdown. Furthermore, in human colon cancer tissues, Pim-3 co-localized with Bad in all cases (9/9) and with phospho-Ser(112)Bad in most cases (6/9). These observations suggest that Pim-3 can inactivate Bad by phosphorylating its Ser(112) in human colon cancer cells and thus may prevent apoptosis and promote progression of human colon cancer.
THE CCD PHOTOMETRY OF THE GLOBULAR CLUSTER NGC 362 (1998)

The wide field CCD photometry has been performed for more than 4,000 stars over a whole region of NGC 362 which is located inside the SMC halo. The Color-Magnitude diagram (CMD) and luminosit function (LF) for red giant branch (RGB) stars are presented, discussing a distinct bump along the RGB and some blue stars appearing in the blue horizontal branch (BHB) and above BHB. The anomalous globular cluster NGC 362 with highly populated red horizontal branch (RHB) stars is compared with the another anomalous globular cluster NGC 288 with highly populated BHB stars. A metal-rich, young blue component and metal-'poor, old red component of the SMC halo stars are examined.
Iterative Pre-Stack Depth Migration With Velocity Analysis (1996)

Migration image critically depends on the chosen velocity model. In principle, correct velocities are needed to obtain a correct migration image; however, such a priori knowledge of accurate velocity distributions are not always possible. In this case, a reliable velocity analysis technique is definitely needed to avoid improper data interpretation. Post-migration common-depth gather provides an excellent domain for controlling migration velocity. Ex amining the migrated data collected at the same depth point from different shot records, it may be underrstood if the initial velocities were correct and how best to approach a correct migration image. By incorporating the mi grated common-depth gather with the pre-stack layer-stripping reverse-time migration technique, an iterative pre-stack depth migration scheme has been successfully developed with velocity analysis. The proposed algorithm ana lyzes migrated data iteratively until the accurate velocities are achieved. Once the correct velocity is obtained, the bottom of the migration layer may also be determined. This method allows the user some quantitative control over the final migration image. In this paper, the authors illustrate the success of the iterative velocity analysis method by using synthetic data. Field data applications are discussed elsewhere.
Sex preselection by flow cytometric separation of X and Y chromosome-bearing sperm based on DNA difference: a review (1995)

Recent research on the flow cytometry of sperm for the purpose of predetermining gender of offspring has led to a validated method to separate X from Y chromosome-bearing sperm for use with in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, intratubal insemination or intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The basis for the method is the sex chromosome-specific marker, DNA, which is present in greater amounts in X-bearing sperm than in Y-bearing sperm of mammals. Sperm are exposed to the vital dye Hoechst 33342 which binds to the minor groove of the DNA helix. Flow cytometric sorting of the sperm using a laser as the excitation source results in populations of Y- or X-bearing sperm that are 85-90% pure. Several hundred offspring have been produced from swine, rabbits, sheep and cattle that confirm the predicted sex. The method is currently being applied to the commercial embryo market. The method is not likely to be used in conjunction with standard cattle or swine artificial insemination practice in its current form since only about 4 x 10(5) sorted sperm can be produced per hour of sorting. The technology has also been applied to human sperm for use by couples that are at risk to sex-linked disease expression in their offspring. Populations of human sperm have been sorted with X and Y purities of about 80% as confirmed by DNA probe technology and fluorescence in situ hybridization.
Reusable Influence Diagram Modules for Rapid Program Planning and Decision Analysis. Phase 1. (1996)

Abstract : In an era of declining government budgets and increasing business competition, it is critical to base investment and planning decisions on careful analysis of the cost-effectiveness of available options. Building sound and comprehensible models to support effective decision making is currently a demanding and costly process. In this Phase I SBIR Project, we have developed tools that greatly reduce the difficulty and cost of applying these methods by developing an electronic library of reusable decision modules. Specifically, we have designed, prototyped, and demonstrated the practicality of a suite of tools to: (1) use influence diagrams modules as an intuitive graphical method for creating, storing, and communicating extensible, reusable decision models; (2) create an electronic library (Decision Resources On-line) of influence diagram modules and related information and software resources accessible via the World Wide Web; (3) retrieve, adapt, and assemble these influence diagram modules to create new decision models to address new decision situations; and (4) communicate the assumptions, and key sensitivities to provide qualitative insights into model recommendations. To demonstrate these tools, we applied them to develop a prototype resource to support decision making on a variety of important public health issues, including education, screening, testing, and treatment for breast cancer, Chlamydia, measles, and tuberculosis.
Efficient Genome-Wide, Privacy-Preserving Similar Patient Query based on Private Edit Distance (2015)

Edit distance has been proven to be an important and frequently-used metric in many human genomic research, with Similar Patient Query (SPQ) being a particularly promising and attractive example. However, due to the widespread privacy concerns on revealing personal genomic data, the scope and scale of many novel use of genome edit distance are substantially limited. While the problem of private genomic edit distance has been studied by the research community for over a decade [6], the state-of-the-art solution [31] is far from even close to be applicable to real genome sequences. In this paper, we propose several private edit distance protocols that feature unprecedentedly high efficiency and precision. Our construction is a combination of a novel genomic edit distance ap- proximation algorithm and new construction of private set difference size protocols. With the private edit distance based secure SPQ primitive, we propose GENSETS, a genome-wide, privacy- preserving similar patient query system. It is able to support search- ing large-scale, distributed genome databases across the nation. We have implemented a prototype of GENSETS. The experimental results show that, with 100 Mbps network connection, it would take GENSETS less than 200 minutes to search through 1 million breast cancer patients (distributed nation-wide in 250 hospitals, each having 4000 patients), based on edit distances between their genomes of lengths about 75 million nucleotides each.
Basic fibroblast growth factor expression in human bone marrow and peripheral blood cells (1993)

We have shown previously that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a mitogen for human bone marrow (BM) stromal cells and that bFGF stimulates myelopoiesis in primary BM cultures. In this article, we demonstrate the presence of bFGF in two cell lineages in human BM and peripheral blood as well as the deposition of bFGF into the extracellular matrix of BM stromal cell cultures. In immunofluorescence experiments on BM and peripheral blood smears, megakaryocytes and platelets stained strongly for bFGF, whereas weaker staining was observed in immature and mature cells of the granulocyte series. The presence of bFGF in platelets was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as well as by immunoprecipitation followed by immunoblotting. bFGF was synthesized by BM stromal cell cultures and was found either cell associated or localized in the nucleus and the nucleoli, and its location was dependent on the fixation procedure used. Addition of exogenous bFGF to stromal cells showed the presence of extracellular binding molecules for this cytokine. bFGF could be released from these sites by soluble heparin or phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. This study supports the role of bFGF as a stromal cell mitogen and stimulator of myelopoiesis. The data indicate that the stromal cells produce bFGF and that their extracellular matrix can serve as a reservoir for this growth factor. In addition, the results suggest a possible involvement of bFGF in platelet function as well as in megakaryocytopoiesis.
The search for the ideal SERM (2002)

Selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are compounds that interact with the oestrogen receptor and have tissue-specific effects distinct from those of oestradiol, acting as an oestrogen agonist in some tissues and as an antagonist in others. The development of SERMs that selectively interact with specific receptors, coactivators and corepressors in different organ systems offers the possibility of improving the risk:benefit profile relative to hormone replacement therapy. Tamoxifen is a SERM that acts as an oestrogen antagonist in breast tissue and is currently being used for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer. Tamoxifen also exhibits oestrogen-agonistic properties in the endometrium and increases the risk of endometrial cancer. Oestrogen and another SERM, raloxifene, have been shown to prevent osteoporosis. The effects of oestrogens on cognitive functions are currently being investigated. Recent data reveal the lack of secondary prevention of coronary heart disease with oestrogen. Oestrogen has been used to treat menopausal symptoms, whereas the SERMs have been shown to induce hot flushes. Current research is focused on producing the ideal SERM, which would have benefits over existing SERMs in terms of preventing cancer, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and menopausal symptoms, improving cognitive functions, and have a significantly better toxicity profile in terms of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Thioether side chain cyclization for helical peptide formation: inhibitors of estrogen receptor–coactivator interactions (2004)

Cystine, lanthionine, and cystathionine containing cyclic peptides incorporating the signature nuclear receptor (NR) box (LXXLL) motif have been synthesized and the abilities of these peptides to inhibit estrogen receptor (ER)-coactivator interactions have been determined. We found that helicity of these peptides directly correlated with their bioactivity. Cystathionine proved to be a redox-stable, isosteric replacement for the cystine disulfide. Cystathionine containing peptide 3 showed higher helical character and a lower inhibition constant (Ki, 7 nm) when compared with its cystine counterpart.
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE 20S AND 26S PROTEASOMES (1996)

The proteasome is an essential component of the ATP-dependent proteolytic pathway in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for the degradation of most cellular proteins. The 20S (700-kDa) proteasome contains multiple peptidase activities that function through a new type of proteolytic mechanism involving a threonine active site. The 26S (2000-kDa) complex, which degrades ubiquitinated proteins, contains in addition to the 20S proteasome a 19S regulatory complex composed of multiple ATPases and components necessary for binding protein substrates. The proteasome has been highly conserved during eukaryotic evolution, and simpler forms are even found in archaebacteria and eubacteria. Major advances have been achieved recently in our knowledge about the molecular organization of the 20S and 19S particles, their subunits, the proteasome's role in MHC-class 1 antigen presentation, and regulators of its activities. This article focuses on recent progress concerning the biochemical mechanisms and intracellular functions of the 20S and 26S proteasomes.
Neural Induction (1999)

The formation of the vertebrate nervous system is initiated at gastrula stages of development, when signals from a specialized cluster of cells (the organizer) trigger neural development in the ectoderm. This process, termed neural induction, was first described in 1924 and stemmed from experiments on amphibia (Spemann & Mangold 1924). In recent years, the molecular mechanisms underlying neural induction in the amphibian have been elucidated. Surprisingly, neuralizing agents secreted by the organizer do not act via receptor-mediated signaling events; rather, these factors antagonize local epidermal inducers within the cells of the dorsal ectoderm and function to uncover the latent neural fate of these cells. Many of the recent advances in our understanding of vertebrate neural induction come from studies on the frog, Xenopus laevis. It is now clear that a blockade of signaling of the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) during gastrula stages is sufficient to initiate neuralization of the ectoderm in this species. Thus this review first details our current understanding of neural induction, using the amphibian as a model. We then use data emerging from other systems to examine the extent to which the Xenopus studies can be applied to other vertebrate species. The initiation of the neurectoderm-specific gene expression program and subsequent steps in patterning and neuronal development are only touched on here. We focus primarily on the initial establishment of the neural fate in the vertebrate gastrula ectoderm.
Mortality Results from a Randomized Prostate-Cancer Screening Trial (2009)

After 7 to 10 years of follow-up, the rate of death from prostate cancer was very low and did not differ significantly between the two study groups. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00002540.)
Linear Cyclodextrin Polymer Prodrugs as Novel Therapeutics for Niemann-Pick Type C1 Disorder (2018)

Niemann-Pick Type C1 disorder (NPC) is a rare lysosomal storage disease characterized by the accumulation of cholesterol in lysosomes. NPC has no FDA approved treatments yet, however 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) has shown efficacy for treating the disease in both mouse and feline NPC models and is currently being investigated in late stage clinical trials. Despite promising results, therapeutic use of HPβCD is limited by the need for high doses, ototoxicity and intrathecal administration. These limitations can be attributed to its poor pharmacokinetic profile. In the attempt to overcome these limitations, we have designed a β-cyclodextrin (βCD) based polymer prodrugs (ORX-301) for an enhanced pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profile, which in turn can potentially provide an improved efficacy at lower doses. We demonstrated that subcutaneously injected ORX-301 extended the mean lifespan of NPC mice at a dosage 5-fold lower (800 mg/kg, body weight) the HPβCD dose proven efficacious (4000 mg/kg). We also show that ORX-301 penetrates the blood brain barrier and counteracts neurological impairment. These properties represent a substantial improvement and appear to overcome major limitations of presently available βCD-based therapy, demonstrating that this novel prodrug is a valuable alternative/complement for existing therapies.
Massive Horizontal Gene Transfer in Bdelloid Rotifers (2008)

Horizontal gene transfer in metazoans has been documented in only a few species and is usually associated with endosymbiosis or parasitism. By contrast, in bdelloid rotifers we found many genes that appear to have originated in bacteria, fungi, and plants, concentrated in telomeric regions along with diverse mobile genetic elements. Bdelloid proximal gene-rich regions, however, appeared to lack foreign genes, thereby resembling those of model metazoan organisms. Some of the foreign genes were defective, whereas others were intact and transcribed; some of the latter contained functional spliceosomal introns. One such gene, apparently of bacterial origin, was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and yielded an active enzyme. The capture and functional assimilation of exogenous genes may represent an important force in bdelloid evolution.
Substitution of a mutant α 2a -adrenergic receptor via “hit and run” gene targeting reveals the role of this subtype in sedative, analgesic, and anesthetic-sparing responses in vivo (1997)

Norepinephrine contributes to antinociceptive, sedative, and sympatholytic responses in vivo, and alpha2 adrenergic receptor (alpha2AR) agonists are used clinically to mimic these effects. Lack of subtype-specific agonists has prevented elucidation of the role that each alpha2AR subtype (alpha2A, alpha2B, and alpha2C) plays in these central effects. Here we demonstrate that alpha2AR agonist-elicited sedative, anesthetic-sparing, and analgesic responses are lost in a mouse line expressing a subtly mutated alpha2AAR, D79N alpha2AAR, created by two-step homologous recombination. These functional changes are accompanied by failure of the D79N alpha2AAR to inhibit voltage-gated Ca2+ currents and spontaneous neuronal firing, a measure of K+ current activation. These results provide definitive evidence that the alpha2AAR subtype is the primary mediator of clinically important central actions of alpha2AR agonists and suggest that the D79N alpha2AAR mouse may serve as a model for exploring other possible alpha2AAR functions in vivo.
Water, sanitation and hygiene interventions for acute childhood diarrhea: a systematic review to provide estimates for the Lives Saved Tool (2017)

Various WASH interventions show diarrhea risk reductions between 27% and 53% in children 0-5 years old, depending on intervention type, providing ample evidence to support the scale-up of WASH in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Due to the overall low quality of the evidence and high heterogeneity, further research is required to accurately estimate the magnitude of the effects of these interventions in different contexts.
Total synthesis of the complement inhibitor K-76 in racemic form. Structural assignment to "K-76 monocarboxylic acid" (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of the complement inhibitor K-76 in racemic form. Structural assignment to "K-76 monocarboxylic acid"E. J. Corey and Jagabandhu DasCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 20, 5551–5553Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00384a075https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00384a075research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1118Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Self‐Limited Pore Size Reduction of Mesoporous Silica Membranes via Pyridine‐Catalyzed Silicon Dioxide ALD (2004)

The pore size of mesoporous silica membranes is reduced using pyridine‐catalyzed SiO 2 ALD within the mesoporous matrix. The use of pyridine to catalyze the ALD results in lowering the reaction temperature to 80 °C. It also self‐limits the pore size reduction as shown in gas permeation experiments. The self‐limiting aspect of the deposition, controlled by size exclusion of catalyst from the pore, has the potential of controlling the pore size within the membrane. The paper concludes that this technique may prove useful as a general technique for healing defects in membranes.