gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applications of driver's line of sight to automobiles-what can driver's eye tell (2002)

We will first introduce the technical trend of recording line of sight from a distant point without any contact to the subject. In addition, automotive application concepts using a driver's line of sight in a human-machine interface (HMI) will be proposed. With the progress of technology in optics and image processing, it is becoming possible to record a driver's line of sight from a distant point without any contact. The movement of a driver's line of sight while driving may have the potential to indicate a driver's intention and his/her physical or mental conditions. Therefore, it is possible to apply a driver's line of sight to the HMI systems such as the switching system using the driver's fixation, the controller of the automotive equipment using the movement of the driver's line of sight, or the sensor which detects the driver's physical or mental conditions, which are closely related to the occurrence of traffic accidents. These systems using the movement of a driver's line of sight may have potential to make automobiles safer and more convenient.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Immobilized N‐alkylated polyethylenimine avidly kills bacteria by rupturing cell membranes with no resistance developed (2005)

Several critical mechanistic and phenomenological aspects of the microbicidal surface coatings based on immobilized hydrophobic polycations, previously developed by us, are addressed. Using Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) bacteria, remarkable bactericidal action (up to a 10(9)-fold reduction in live bacteria count in the surface-exposed solution and a 100% inactivation of the surface-adhered bacteria) of an amino-glass slide covalently derivatized with N-hexyl,methyl-polyethylenimine (PEI) is found to be due to rupturing bacterial cell membranes by the polymeric chains. The bacteria fail to develop noticeable resistance to this lethal action over the course of many successive generations. Finally, the immobilized N-alkyl-PEI, while deadly to bacteria, is determined to be harmless to mammalian (monkey kidney) cells.
A compelling genetic hypothesis for a complex disease: PRODH2 / DGCR6 variation leads to schizophrenia susceptibility (2002)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Direction finding and "smart antennas" using software radio architectures (1995)

Operational tests and demonstrations of systems based on software radios are currently being performed in the 800 MHz mobile cellular radio band. These field trials are for mobile unit geolocation systems and adaptive phased array "smart antenna" applications. The geolocation system trials are in response to the demand for high confidence geolocation of mobile units for enhanced emergency 911 service and for use in the US Department of Transportation's Intelligent Vehicle Highway System (NHS) initiative. The smart antenna array application addresses the cellular service providers' need for more user channel capacity and/or geographic coverage from existing base station installations. Software radio architectures were selected because of their ability to provide superior performance at low life cycle cost. These systems use 4 to 8 wideband coherent channels and fully characterize the arriving RF energy to either geolocate the emitter or to maximize the carrier-to-interference ratio.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Key Role for Ceramides in Mediating Insulin Resistance in Human Muscle Cells (2007)

Elevated non-esterified fatty acids, triglyceride, diacylglycerol, and ceramide have all been associated with insulin resistance in muscle. We set out to investigate the role of intramyocellular lipid metabolites in the induction of insulin resistance in human primary myoblast cultures. Muscle cells were subjected to adenovirus-mediated expression of perilipin or incubated with fatty acids for 18 h, prior to insulin stimulation and measurement of lipid metabolites and rates of glycogen synthesis. Adenovirus-driven perilipin expression lead to significant accumulation of triacylglycerol in myoblasts, without any detectable effect on insulin sensitivity, as judged by the ability of insulin to stimulate glycogen synthesis. Similarly, incubation of cells with the monounsaturated fatty acid oleate resulted in triacylglycerol accumulation without inhibiting insulin action. By contrast, the saturated fatty acid palmitate induced insulin resistance. Palmitate treatment caused less accumulation of triacylglycerol than did oleate but also induced significant accumulation of both diacylglycerol and ceramide. Insulin resistance was also caused by cell-permeable analogues of ceramide, and palmitate-induced resistance was blocked in the presence of inhibitors of de novo ceramide synthesis. Oleate co-incubation completely prevented the insulin resistance induced by palmitate. Our data are consistent with ceramide being the agent responsible for insulin resistance caused by palmitate exposure. Furthermore, the triacylglycerol derived from oleate was able to exert a protective role in sequestering palmitate, thus preventing its conversion to ceramide.
Oxygen-Sensitive Luminescent Materials Based on Silicone-Soluble Ruthenium Diimine Complexes (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxygen-Sensitive Luminescent Materials Based on Silicone-Soluble Ruthenium Diimine ComplexesIngo. Klimant and Otto S. WolfbeisCite this: Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 18, 3160–3166Publication Date (Print):September 15, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 September 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00114a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00114a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2053Altmetric-Citations253LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Genome-editing tools for stem cell biology (2015)

Human pluripotent stem cells provide a versatile platform for regenerative studies, drug testing and disease modeling. That the expression of only four transcription factors, Oct4, Klf4, Sox2 and c-Myc (OKSM), is sufficient for generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from differentiated somatic cells has revolutionized the field and also highlighted the importance of OKSM as targets for genome editing. A number of novel genome-editing systems have been developed recently. In this review, we focus on successful applications of several such systems for generation of iPSCs. In particular, we discuss genome-editing systems based on zinc-finger fusion proteins (ZFs), transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) and an RNA-guided DNA-specific nuclease, Cas9, derived from the bacterial defense system against viruses that utilizes clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR).
Virus-induced atherosclerosis. Herpesvirus infection alters aortic cholesterol metabolism and accumulation. (1986)

Infection of normocholesterolemic, specific-pathogen-free chickens with Marek's disease herpesvirus (MDV) has been shown histologically to lead to chronic atherosclerosis like that in humans. The development of herpesvirus-induced atherosclerosis in vivo and the presence of specific Marek's antigen within aortic cells suggested that MDV infection may modify lipid metabolism and lead to significant lipid accumulation. Experiments reported herein were designed to determine the types and quantity of lipid present in aortas from MDV-infected and uninfected chickens between 2 and 8 months of age following infection and assess one possible mechanism of lipid accumulation by evaluating the effect of MDV infection on aortic cholesterol and cholesteryl ester (CE) metabolism. Chromatographic-fluorometric analyses indicated that at 4 and 8 months of age after MDV inoculation, MDV-infected animals had a significant (P less than 0.05) two-fold to threefold increase in total aortic lipid accumulation characterized by significant increases in cholesterol, CE, triacylglycerol, and phospholipid as compared with aortas from uninfected animals. At 8 months of age, similar increases in aortic lipid accumulation were observed in MDV-infected animals as compared with those animals vaccinated with turkey herpesvirus and later challenged with MDV. CE synthetic activity was increased significantly by 50% at 4 months of age in the MDV-infected group as compared with the uninfected group, which could explain the initial increase in CE accumulation. By 8 months of age, the authors also observed a twofold increase in CE synthetic activity and a 30% and 80% reduction in lysosomal and cytoplasmic CE hydrolytic activities, respectively, in aortas of MDV-infected chickens as compared to controls. Moreover, infection with MDV blocked the activation of cytoplasmic CE hydrolytic activity by dibutyryl cyclic AMP or exogenous cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. Taken together, these results suggest that lipid accretion in aortas of MDV-infected chickens results, in part, from alterations in cholesterol/CE metabolism during early stages of the disease. These findings support the hypothesis that human atherosclerosis may result from specific herpesvirus infection which can alter lipid metabolism and lead to lipid accretion.
The influence of topology changes on inter-area oscillation modes and mode shapes (2011)

The topology of a power grid network is a piece of critical information for power grid operations. Different power grid topologies can change grid characteristics, inter-area oscillation modes, mode shapes, and even the robustness of the power system. This paper presents some preliminary study results, based on an approved WECC operating case and a modified low damping WECC system, to show the impact of topology changes resulting from N-1 contingencies on power system modes and mode shapes. The results show that topology changes can have very different impact on modal properties in a power system: some result in an unstable situation, while others can improve small signal stability. For the former, the studies show about a 4.5% damping reduction, so a 5% damping margin would be required to ensure the system can sustain the contingencies. For the latter, those topology changes could be used as a control method to improve small signal stability. Mode shapes normally do not change when there is an N-1 topology change. These observations suggest that the inclusion of topological information is useful for improving the accuracy and effectiveness of power system control schemes.
Insulin and Glyburide Increase Cytosolic Free-Ca2+ Concentration in Isolated Rat Adipocytes (1987)

We investigated the effect of insulin and a hypoglycemic sulfonylurea agent glyburide on cytosolic free-Ca2+ concentrations [( Ca2+]i) in isolated rat adipocytes. Both insulin and glyburide increased [Ca2+]i in a dose-dependent manner. Half-maximal effects were seen at 0.5 ng/ml of insulin and 0.5 microM glyburide. Nifedipine (25 microM), a Ca2+-channel blocker, inhibited the effect of both agents. The effect of insulin on [Ca2+]i was 40 and 70% potentiated by ambient glucose concentrations at 180 and 300 mg/dl, respectively. Depolarizing doses of potassium (40 mM) induced an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ that was also inhibited by nifedipine. It is suggested that both insulin and glyburide increase cytosolic free Ca2+ levels at least in part by promoting Ca2+ influx through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels.
Die pH‐abhängige Erzeugung reaktiver Radikale – neue Methoden zur Tumorbekämpfung** (1996)

Organocobalt( III )‐Chelatkomplexe mit einer dreizähnigen Schiffschen Base als Ligand, vor allem 1 , wurden erfolgreich als Vorläufer für freie Radikale in schwach saurer Lösung (pH 5–7) eingesetzt. Sie weisen daher eine gewisse Antitumorwirkung auf und zeigten sich als effektive Modulatoren bekannter Krebstherapeutica. magnified image
The Relief after Earthquake Hazard in China (1996)

As a developing country with serious earthquake damage, China always pays attention to seismic relief. After any earthquake, the Chinese government takes vigorous and effective measures to provide disaster relief. The guiding principles are: the centralised leadership, the muster of relief forces in combination with the self-save and mutual-save of escaping hazards quickly, and the rescue of human lives. Relief practices proved fully that the People's Liberation Army is an important relief force. It is the strong guarantee to reduce casualties, to retrieve property losses, to set people' s minds at rest, to rebuild the homeland and to resume production.
TGF- receptor-mediated albumin uptake into astrocytes is involved in neocortical epileptogenesis (2006)

It has long been recognized that insults to the cerebral cortex, such as trauma, ischaemia or infections, may result in the development of epilepsy, one of the most common neurological disorders. Human and animal studies have suggested that perturbations in neurovascular integrity and breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) lead to neuronal hypersynchronization and epileptiform activity, but the mechanisms underlying these processes are not known. In this study, we reveal a novel mechanism for epileptogenesis in the injured brain. We used focal neocortical, long-lasting BBB disruption or direct exposure to serum albumin in rats (51 and 13 animals, respectively, and 26 controls) as well as albumin exposure in brain slices in vitro. Most treated slices (72%, n = 189) displayed hypersynchronous propagating epileptiform field potentials when examined 5-49 days after treatment, but only 14% (n = 71) of control slices showed similar responses. We demonstrate that direct brain exposure to serum albumin is associated with albumin uptake into astrocytes, which is mediated by transforming growth factor beta receptors (TGF-betaRs). This uptake is followed by down regulation of inward-rectifying potassium (Kir 4.1) channels in astrocytes, resulting in reduced buffering of extracellular potassium. This, in turn, leads to activity-dependent increased accumulation of extracellular potassium, resulting in facilitated N-methyl-d-aspartate-receptor-mediated neuronal hyperexcitability and eventually epileptiform activity. Blocking TGF-betaR in vivo reduces the likelihood of epileptogenesis in albumin-exposed brains to 29.3% (n = 41 slices, P < 0.05). We propose that the above-described cascade of events following common brain insults leads to brain dysfunction and eventually epilepsy and suggest TGF-betaRs as a possible therapeutic target.
Dependence of Defects in Optical Lithography (1992)

In the optical lithography process, the effect of defects on the patterns is related to the process ability and the device design rule. It is, however, very difficult to predict the defect generation and influences. By simulation and experiments, we examined the designed patterns with a typical defect according to the process ability and condition in order to predict and analyze the printability, the effect of defects, and the device performance. In the experiments, the electrical and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) monitoring method were used for the analysis of the defect patterns on the oxide, poly, nitride, and metal layers with process and design parameters. We propose that the results confirm the defect size to be controlled in the real process.
Electroluminescent properties of self‐assembled polymer thin films (1995)

Novel photo‐ and electroluminescent polymers based on poly( p ‐pyridyl vinylene), poly( p ‐pyridinium vinylene) and their butyl‐substituted derivatives are reported. The materials exhibit good fluorescence quantum yields and the butyl derivatives are soluble in conventional organic solvents. Highly luminescent thin films of these materials can be prepared on a variety of substrates using a simple elecrostatic deposition technique and the high‐temperature annealing step required for PPV films is not required.
A Highly Efficient Method for the N-Alkylation of Aminopyrazines: Synthesis of Hydrophilic Red Fluorescent Dyes (2010)

A robust and scalable method was developed for the synthesis of N,N′-dialkylated aminopyrazines by a reductive amination route. These new fluorescent pyrazine analogues were shown to absorb and emit light at relatively long wavelengths (˜50 nm) compared to the corresponding diaminopyrazines. The utility of these compounds was demonstrated by the synthesis of hydrophilic fluorescent probes with potential diagnostic applications.
Release of Plasmid DNA from Intravascular Stents Coated with Ultrathin Multilayered Polyelectrolyte Films (2006)

Materials that permit control over the release of DNA from the surfaces of topologically complex implantable devices, such as intravascular stents, could contribute to the development of new approaches to the localized delivery of DNA. We report the fabrication of ultrathin, multilayered polyelectrolyte films that permit both the immobilization and controlled release of plasmid DNA from the surfaces of stainless steel intravascular stents. Our approach makes use of an aqueous-based, layer-by-layer method for the assembly of nanostructured thin films consisting of alternating layers of plasmid DNA and a hydrolytically degradable polyamine. Characterization of coated stents using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that stents were coated uniformly with an ultrathin film ca. 120 nm thick that adhered conformally to the surfaces of stent struts. These ultrathin films did not crack, peel, or delaminate substantially from the surface after exposure to a range of mechanical challenges representative of those encountered during stent deployment (e.g., balloon expansion). Stents coated with eight bilayers of degradable polyamine and a plasmid encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) sustained the release of DNA into solution for up to four days when incubated in phosphate buffered saline at 37 degrees C, and coated stents were capable of mediating the expression of EGFP in a mammalian cell line without the aid of additional transfection agents. The approach reported here could, with further development, contribute to the development of localized gene-based approaches to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases or related conditions.
Establishment of a Transgenic Tobacco Cell Suspension Culture System for Producing Murine Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (1997)

We tested if murine granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (mGM-CSF) is produced as a biologically active form through plant cell culture. The mGM-CSF gene was cloned into the plant expression vector, pBI121, and Ti-plasmid mediated transformation of tobacco leaves was conducted using Agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring the recombinant mGM-CSF (rmGM-CSF) gene. Cell suspension culture was established from the leaf-derived calli of transgenic tobacco plants. Northern blot analysis indicated the expression of the introduced mGM-CSF gene in both transgenic plant and cell suspension cultures. In addition, the biological activity of rmGM-CSF from plant cell culture was confirmed by measuring the proliferation of GM-CSF dependent FDC-P1 cells.
Fc Engineering: Serum Half-Life Modulation Through FcRn Binding (2012)

Controlling the half-life of pharmaceuticals through Fc engineering is a desirable approach to achieve optimal exposure and targeting. The long serum residence time of gamma immunoglobulins is attributed to the Fc binding to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). The residues in the Fc region that interact with FcRn have been mapped and individual mutations of these residues have demonstrated reduced affinity to FcRn and faster blood clearance. Here, we describe site-specific mutagenesis of Fc residues in a scFv-Fc fusion protein, as well as the mammalian production, purification, characterization, and the in vivo pharmacokinetics of these antibody fragments.
Synergistic Effect of Cationic Lipids with Different Polarheads, Central Core Structures and Hydrophobic Tails on Gene Transfection Efficiency (2014)

Lipid-mediated delivery of DNA into cells holds great promise both for gene therapy and basic research applications. The primary approach to improving transfection efficiency is the design and synthesis of novel cationic lipids. Alternatively, using the synergistic effect of different cationic mixtures can provide another approach to increasing transfection efficiency. This paper describes the synergistic effect of lipids with different polarheads, central core structures and hydrophobic tails. The enhancement of cellular transfection into HEK293 cells was observed by combining two lipids having aminoglycerol and di(hydroxylethyl)amino core structures at a 1 : 1 weight ratio. Additionally, the liposome formation of these lipids with the helper lipid, 1,2-dioleoyl-propyl-3-phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), at the weight ratio of 1 : 1 can provide higher transfection efficiency into HEK293, MCF-7 and HeLa cells than Lipofectamine™ 2000. Our finding indicated that cationic liposomes comprised of a mixture of lipids with different polarheads, central core structures and hydrophobic tails should be very promising in liposome-mediated gene delivery in vitro and in vivo.
The Chemical Synthesis of Rat Relaxin and the Unexpectedly High Potency of the Synthetic Hormone in the Mouse (1996)

Rat relaxin, as isolated from ovaries, has been described in the literature as a low potency hormone in the mouse symphysis pubis assay. Searching for an explanation, a helix-breaking glycine residue in the B chain seemed to be the most auspicious perturbation. Rat relaxin was chemically synthesized and analyzed by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography, amino acid composition, mass spectrometry and circular dichroic spectroscopy. Analogs of rat relaxin were synthesized either with aspartic acid in place of the helix-breaking glycine residue in the receptor-binding region of the B chain or with Asp-Leu-Val instead of Gly-Tyr-Val at positions B14-B16. In receptor-binding assays [B14D, B15L, B16V]relaxin was a better ligand than rat relaxin, whereas the [B14D]relaxin was less potent. In the mouse symphysis pubis assay, both analogs were less potent than unmodified rat relaxin, but the [B14D, B15L, B16V]relaxin was better than [B14D]relaxin. In contrast to previous reports on native rat relaxin, the chemically synthesized rat relaxin proved to be as active as human and porcine relaxin with respect to the standard mouse assay system. Glycine, which is considered to be a perturbator in an alpha helix, is not only tolerated in the B14 position but is required for full biological potency.