gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gasoline Volatility and Hot Weather Driveability of Japanese Cars (1983)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Hot weather driveability test procedures on a chassis dynamometer correlated with field tests were established, and the effect of gasoline volatility on driveability performance was examined using 11 Japanese cars.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;It was found that the 50% evaporated temperature had a larger effect on hot weather driveability than the Reid vapor pressure. Also, hot idle compensators and fuel return systems were very effective for reducing malfunctions.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;As to conditions which should be controlled in chassis dynamometer tests, wind velocity were important as the same as ambient temperature; however, sun loading was not.&lt;/div&gt;
Cytochalasin-D treatment triggers premature apoptosis of insect ovarian follicle and nurse cells (1993)

Follicle and nurse cells of developing lepidopteran ovarian follicles are eliminated after oocyte maturation. The process of disintegration of both cell types can be triggered prematurely in the follicle development by in vivo or in vitro treatment with a selective anti-actin agent cytochalasin D. Morphological changes observed in both follicle and nurse cells after cytochalasin D administration at the light and electron microscopy levels reveal all the characteristic morphological markers of a process called apoptosis, or programmed cell death. These changes include detachment of affected cells from basal lamina, loss of microvilli, crowding of structurally intact organelles, condensation of cytoplasm, nuclear shrinkage and fragmentation, and chromatin condensation. Examination of genomic DNA isolated from cytochalasin D affected cells revealed internucleosomal DNA fragmentation--a major biochemical hallmark of apoptosis. Experiments involving administration of actinomycin D or cycloheximide, respectively, indicate that the cell death of follicle and nurse cells triggered by cytochalasin D action does not require new RNA and/or protein synthesis. Possible mechanisms by which cytochalasin D could initiate the lethal biochemical pathway of programmed cell death in both cell types are discussed.
Non-uniform channelization methods for next generation SDR PMR base stations (2011)

Channelization in multi-standard Software-Defined Radio base stations presents a significant challenge. In this paper, two different channelization structures designed for a multi-standard SDR base station are studied. As a basis for comparing their computational efficiency and reconfigurability, both are applied to a specific case study of a TETRA and TEDS standards base station. Uniform narrow band spectrum division followed by channel recombination demonstrates greater flexibility than a non-uniform parallel spectrum division alternative. However, computational advantages between both structures depend on the channel allocation patterns considered.
Molecular interactions between human lactotransferrin and the phytohemagglutinin-activated human lymphocyte lactotransferrin receptor lie in two loop-containing regions of the N-terminal domain I of human lactotransferrin (1992)

Fluorescein isothiocyanate derivatization of the human lactotransferrin on Lys-264 inhibits the binding of the protein of human PHA-activated lymphocytes [Legrand, D., Mazurier, J., Maes, P., Rochard, E., Montreuil, J., & Spik, G. (1991) Biochem. J. 276, 733-738], indicating that part of the receptor-binding site is located in the N-terminal domain I of lactotransferrin. In the present study, a 6-kDa peptide (residues 4-52) was isolated from the N-terminal lobe of human lactotransferrin which inhibited the binding of the protein to its cell receptor. In addition, lactotransferrin was derivatized using sulfosuccinimidyl 2-(p-azidosalicylamido)ethyl-1,3'-dithiopropionate (SASD) and sulfosuccinimidyl 6-((4'-azido-2'-nitrophenyl)amino)hexanoate (sulfo-SANPAH), two heterobifunctional reagents generally used for receptor-ligand cross-linking. The azide group of these two reagents was inactivated by photolysis, and only the succinimidyl ester group was allowed to react with lysine residues of the protein. The binding of the derivatized lactotransferrins to the human lymphocyte receptor was assayed. SASD, which binds to Lys-74, was able to inhibit the binding of lactotransferrin to the cell receptor, in contrast to Lys-281-binding sulfo-SANPAH. Molecular modeling showed the position of SASD, sulfo-SANPAH, and fluorescein molecules at the surface of the protein and suggested that SASD and fluorescein could mask residues 4-6 and two loop-containing regions of human lactotransferrin (residues 28-34 and 38-45). The comparison of the primary and tertiary structures of human lactotransferrin and serotransferrin, which bind to specific cell receptors, shows that the above-mentioned regions, which are likely involved in protein-receptor interactions, possess specific structural features.
Bifidobacterium adolescentis supplementation ameliorates visceral fat accumulation and insulin sensitivity in an experimental model of the metabolic syndrome (2011)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Bifidobacterium adolescentis (Bif) supplementation on visceral fat accumulation and insulin sensitivity of the metabolic syndrome in HF-diet-fed rats. Adult male Wistar rats (n 10 per group) were fed four different experimental diets for 12 weeks as follows: standard diet; high-fat (HF) diet; a mix of HF diet and Bif; a mix of standard diet and Bif. Liver, mesenteric fat, epididymal fat, retroperitoneal fat, and inguinal fat, pancreas and triceps surae in all four groups of the rats were weighed, while liver steatosis and insulin sensitivity were evaluated at the end point of the study. As the number of intestinal Bifidobacterium species decreased obviously, fat pad weight and body weight increased significantly in the HF group compared with in the other three groups (P <0·05). Addition of Bif led to a reduction in body weight and fat pad weight (P <0·05). With an increase in liver weight, more severe steatosis of hepatocytes was observed in the HF group compared with in the other three groups. A significant decrease of the glucose infusion rate and pancreas weight was found in the HF group (P <0·05). This deleterious effect was alleviated when Bif was added to the diets. Bifidobacterium supplementation ameliorated visceral fat accumulation and insulin sensitivity of the metabolic syndrome in HF-diet-fed rats.
Application of A Physiological Strain Index in Evaluating Responses to Exercise Stress – A Comparison Between Endurance and High Intensity Intermittent Trained Athletes (2016)

The study evaluated differences in response to exercise stress between endurance and high-intensity intermittent trained athletes in a thermoneutral environment using a physiological strain index (PSI). Thirty-two subjects participated in a running exercise under normal (23°C, 50% RH) conditions. The group included nine endurance trained athletes (middle-distance runners - MD), twelve high-intensity intermittent trained athletes (soccer players - HIIT) and eleven students who constituted a control group. The exercise started at a speed of 4 km·h<sup>-1</sup> which was increased every 3 min by 2 km·h<sup>-1</sup> to volitional exhaustion. The heart rate was recorded with a heart rate monitor and aural canal temperature was measured using an aural canal temperature probe. The physiological strain index (PSI) and the contribution of the circulatory and thermal components to the overall physiological strain were calculated from the heart rate and aural canal temperature. The physiological strain index differed between the study and control participants, but not between the MD and HIIT groups. The physiological strain in response to exercise stress in a thermoneutral environment was mainly determined based on the circulatory strain (MD group - 73%, HIIT group - 70%). The contribution of the circulatory and thermal components to the physiological strain did not differ significantly between the trained groups (MD and HIIT) despite important differences in morphological characteristics and training-induced systemic cardiovascular and thermoregulatory adaptations.
Obesity, bariatric surgery and type 2 diabetes—a systematic review (2004)

Obesity is endemic in the United States and is closely linked to the development of type 2 diabetes. Both obesity and diabetes are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Likewise, both conditions are resistant to treatment. Recent studies have evaluated prevention of type 2 diabetes through intensive lifestyle intervention, while others are examining the impact of bariatric surgery on type 2 diabetes. This article presents an overview of the impact of bariatric surgical and lifestyle interventions on the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. Although studies using a variety of bariatric surgical techniques are included, the focus is on two interventions in particular: the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and the laparoscopic silicone gastric banding procedure. Outcomes of these procedures are further contrasted with recent lifestyle intervention studies, in particular, the Diabetes Prevention Program study. Gastric bypass studies have been associated with a 99 to 100% prevention of diabetes in patients with IGT and an 80 to 90% clinical resolution of diagnosed early type 2 diabetes. Gastric banding procedures are associated with a lower median (50-60%) clinical remission of type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle intervention studies of obese and glucose-intolerant patients have achieved a 50% reduction in the progression of IGT to diabetes over the short term, with no reported resolution of the disease. Weight loss by any means in the obese patient appears to prevent progression to type 2 diabetes, at least in the short term. Furthermore, sustained weight loss through bariatric surgical intervention is associated both with prevention of progression of IGT and with clinical remission of early type 2 diabetes.
Possible Interactions Between Rabies Vaccination and a Progressive Degenerative CNS Disease (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The similarities between postvaccinal encephalomyelitis and the progressive form of multiple sclerosis have been described.<sup>1-3</sup>The following case illustrates the difficulties in separating these entities on clinical and laboratory grounds. A history of rabies vaccination four years prior to the onset of neurologic symptoms provides the interest for this letter. <h3>Report ofa Case.—</h3> A 24-year-old man had been bitten by a rabid cat at age 10 years and received 14 intra-abdominal injections of Semple vaccine, starting two days after the bite. No reactions to the vaccine were noted. It is not known whether the patient received equine serum immune globulin. Four years later, symptoms of a slowly progressive CNS disease developed, characterized initially by visual disturbances and dementia, followed by ataxia, abnormal involuntary movements, and a profound short-term memory loss after 19 years of age.
Intracellular drug delivery using polysorbate 80-modified poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanospheres to glioblastoma cells (2010)

We investigated doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded nanospheres (NS) formulated using a biodegradable polymer, poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), for targeted chemotherapy of brain tumours. A nonionic surfactant, polysorbate 80 (P80), was used to modify the surfaces of PLGA NS to improve cellular drug delivery. DOX-loaded PLGA NS were formulated by emulsion solvent diffusion and characterised for DOX encapsulation and in vitro release. The effectiveness of DOX-loaded P80–PLGA NS was investigated in A172 human glioblastoma cells. The drug release pattern was dependent on the pH of the medium. Quantitatively, the cellular uptake of NS was significantly increased by P80 surface modification compared with unmodified NS. Confocal laser scanning microscopy studies revealed that DOX was released from NS following accumulation in the cell nuclei. DOX-loaded P80–PLGA NS could significantly inhibit both DOX efflux from the cells and cell proliferation compared with a DOX solution.
High-strength cellular ceramic composites with 3D microarchitecture (2014)

To enhance the strength-to-weight ratio of a material, one may try to either improve the strength or lower the density, or both. The lightest solid materials have a density in the range of 1,000 kg/m(3); only cellular materials, such as technical foams, can reach considerably lower values. However, compared with corresponding bulk materials, their specific strength generally is significantly lower. Cellular topologies may be divided into bending- and stretching-dominated ones. Technical foams are structured randomly and behave in a bending-dominated way, which is less weight efficient, with respect to strength, than stretching-dominated behavior, such as in regular braced frameworks. Cancellous bone and other natural cellular solids have an optimized architecture. Their basic material is structured hierarchically and consists of nanometer-size elements, providing a benefit from size effects in the material strength. Designing cellular materials with a specific microarchitecture would allow one to exploit the structural advantages of stretching-dominated constructions as well as size-dependent strengthening effects. In this paper, we demonstrate that such materials may be fabricated. Applying 3D laser lithography, we produced and characterized micro-truss and -shell structures made from alumina-polymer composite. Size-dependent strengthening of alumina shells has been observed, particularly when applied with a characteristic thickness below 100 nm. The presented artificial cellular materials reach compressive strengths up to 280 MPa with densities well below 1,000 kg/m(3).
Detection of Increased Amounts of Cell-Free Fetal DNA with Short PCR Amplicons (2009)

Abstract Aim: A digital PCR approach has recently been suggested to detect greater amounts of cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma than conventional real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Because the digital qPCR approach uses shorter PCR amplicons than the real-time qPCR assay, we investigated whether a real-time qPCR assay appropriately modified for such short amplicons would improve the detection of cell-free fetal DNA. Method: We developed a novel universal-template (UT) real-time qPCR assay that was specific for the DYS14 sequence on Y chromosome and had a short amplicon size of 50 bp. We examined this “short” assay with 50 maternal plasma samples and compared the results with those for a conventional real-time qPCR assay of the same locus but with a longer amplicon (84 bp). Results: Qualitatively, both assays detected male cell-free fetal DNA with the same specificity and detection capability. Quantitatively, however, the new UT real-time qPCR assay for shorter amplicons detected, on average, almost 1.6-fold more cell-free fetal DNA than the conventional real-time qPCR assay with longer amplicons. Conclusions: The use of short PCR amplicons improves the detection of cell-free fetal DNA. This feature may prove useful in attempts to detect cell-free fetal DNA under conditions in which the amount of template is low, such as in samples obtained early in pregnancy.
The use of antibodies in the treatment of infectious diseases. (2009)

There is a long history of the use of antibodies in the treatment and prophylaxis of infectious diseases, because these molecules play a critical role in directing the effector mechanisms of the immune system against the pathogens they recognise. However, the widespread application of this therapy has been hampered by allergic reactions, production costs and the availability of alternative drugs such as antibiotics. Some of these obstacles can now be overcome with advances in biotechnology, which has enabled the development of antibody-based drugs for use first in treating cancer, and recently, for treating infectious diseases. The efficacy of such antibodies has been demonstrated in various in vitro studies, animal models and clinical trials for a variety of both viral and bacterial pathogens. Antibodies appear to hold great promise as a new class of drugs against infectious diseases.
Simple model-free estimation of orientation order parameters of vacuum-deposited and spin-coated amorphous films used in organic light-emitting diodes (2015)

Molecular orientation in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is now regarded as an important factor that affects device efficiency. However, methods to quantitatively estimate the degree of molecular orientation in OLEDs are currently limited, and they require constructing a model of an optical structure. Here, we propose a simple model-free method to estimate the orientation order parameters (S) of molecules in amorphous OLED films from their absorption spectra using the randomization of molecular orientation induced by heating. This method is used to quantitatively estimate the S values of vacuum-deposited and spin-coated films and clearly demonstrate the random orientation in the latter.
Single-Step Synthesis of Quantum Dots with Chemical Composition Gradients (2008)

We demonstrate a single-step synthetic method for highly luminescent (i.e., quantum yield up to 80%) and stable quantum dots (QDs) by using the reactivity difference between Cd and Zn precursors and that between Se and S precursors. A wide range of emission wavelengths (500−610 nm) with a narrow fwhm (<35 nm) is obtained by changing the ratios of the precursors. Under the reaction conditions selected, Cd- and Se (with a bit of S)-based cores are formed first and Zn- and S-based shells are formed successively; therefore, the QDs have a core/shell structure with composition gradients, which relieve the lattice mismatch between core and shells. The QDs are characterized using the combined techniques of HR-TEM, UV–vis, PL spectroscopy, and ICP-AES. The QDs also have energy gradients depending on their compositions in a radial direction, which energetically confine carriers (electrons and holes) to the cores. This leads to the stability of QDs during their surface passivation from oleic acid to mercaptopropionic acid and ensures their processibility for further purposes such as optoelectronic and biological applications.
YKL-40 a new biomarker in patients with acute coronary syndrome or stable coronary artery disease (2008)

Plasma YKL-40 was significantly increased in patients with STEMI and stable CAD. Further studies will define the role of YKL-40 as a clinically useful marker for myocardial ischemia, remodelling and maybe prognosis.
Does working memory training generalize? (2010)

Psychologica Belgica is the official journal of the Belgian Association for Psychological Sciences (BAPS). BAPS promotes the development of psychological sciences in Belgium, at both fundamental and applied research levels. The journal ensures rigorous peer-review to maintain research integrity.Psychological Belgica makes publications available online as soon as they are finalised. All publications are open access, making research available free of charge and without delay.The journal has a 2021 Impact Factor of 1.717 and a 5 year impact factor of 2.352.Subscribe to content alerts and other journal news here. You can also follow the journal on ResearchGate.
A New Technique Using an Aggregating Antibody Against Glycophorin‐A for Purging Ficoll‐Paque‐Separated Leucocytes of Contaminating Erythroid Lineage Cells (1990)

Ficoll-separated leucocytes used for phenotyping may be contaminated with erythroblasts or erythrocytes, which can cause problems in cytofluorography, especially if erythroid lineage cells outnumber leucocytes in the preparation. Different means have been described for removing erythroid cells from leucocyte preparations, such as BD-FACS lysing solution, hypotonic shock and ammonium chloride, but none of these is entirely satisfactory. In my hands all these techniques damaged the leucocytes to a greater or lesser extent and did not adequately eliminate the erythroblasts, sometimes not even the reticulocytes and erythrocytes. To obtain pure leucocyte suspensions, I developed a new technique based on an aggregating antibody (alpha-Gly-A, 733/8F7, from BioCarb, Sweden) directed against glycophorin-A which is found on the cell surface of erythroid lineage cells. Agglutinated erythroid cells could be removed by filtration or low-speed centrifugation. With the new technique there was no loss or damage of the leucocytes.
Opsonophagocytic killing activity of rabbit antibody to Pseudomonas aeruginosa mucoid exopolysaccharide (1985)

We used an in vitro opsonophagocytic killing assay to measure the functional activity of antibody directed at the mucoid exopolysaccharide (MEP) antigen expressed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from cystic fibrosis patients. Rabbit antibodies raised to purified MEP were able to mediate phagocytic killing in the presence of human peripheral blood leukocytes and a low level (final concentration, 0.3%) of fresh normal human serum as a complement source. No bacterial killing was observed when peripheral blood leukocytes, antiserum, or complement was omitted. Specificity of the antibody for the MEP antigen was shown by adsorption and inhibition assays. Affinity-purified antibody to MEP also mediate phagocytic killing. These data indicate that antiphagocytic properties attributable to MEP can be overcome by specific antibody.
Sphingosine-1-phosphate: a platelet-activating sphingolipid released from agonist-stimulated human platelets (1995)

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (Sph-1-P) is the initial product of catabolism of sphingosine by sphingosine kinase and is cleaved by Sph-1-P lyase to a fatty aldehyde and ethanolamine phosphate. This phosphorylated sphingoid base is not only an intermediary catabolite, but also a bioactive lipid with important functions, including stimulation of cell proliferation in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts and inhibition of tumor cell motility. In the present study, we examined functional roles of Sph-1-P in human platelets. Sph-1-P induced platelet shape change and aggregation reactions, although it failed to elicit secretion. Sphingosine, ceramide, sphingomyelin, and N,N-dimethylsphingosine did not mimic the positive effects of Sph-1-P on platelets. Subthreshold concentrations of Sph-1-P and weak platelet agonists such as adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and epinephrine synergistically elicited aggregation, which may be important for efficient amplification of platelet activation. Sph-1-P induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and the dose-response for Ca2+ release correlated closely with the concentration required for induction of shape change. On addition of [3H]sphingosine to intact platelets, the label was rapidly converted to Sph-1-P, and subsequently to ceramide and sphingomyelin. Interestingly, the Sph-1-P formed was specifically released into medium on stimulation of platelets with physiologic agonists. The amount of Sph-1-P in platelets, as measured by its conversion into radiolabeled N-acetyl-Sph-1-P, was 1.4 nmol/10(9) cells and was about four times higher than the mass of Sph present. When compared by mole percent Sph-1-P/phospholipid, the value for platelets is over 10 times higher than that for neutrophils. Our results suggest that Sph-1-P, rapidly converted from sphingosine, abundantly stored in platelets, and released on the cell activation, may play a physiologic role in thrombosis, hemostasis, and the natural wound-healing processes.
Rimonabant—A Selective CB1 Antagonist (2005)

Rimonabant appears to be a promising drug in an entirely new class called selective cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists. The drug may be approved for treatment of obesity and smoking cessation in 2005. Additional studies are ongoing that may provide information on other clinical uses for this medication.