gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Secure VANET MAC Protocol for DSRC Applications (2008)

Vehicular ad hoc networking is an important component of Intelligent Transportation Systems. The main benefit of vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) communication is seen in active safety systems that increase passenger safety by exchanging warning messages between vehicles. Other applications and private services are also permitted in order to lower the cost and to encourage VANET deployment and adoption. Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) is a key enabling technology for VANET applications and services. There are many challenges that must be addressed before VANETs can be successfully deployed. Among these challenges is designing of security mechanisms to secure VANETs against abuse, and designing of efficient medium access control (MAC) protocols so that safety related and other application messages can be timely and reliably disseminated through VANETs. In this paper we propose a secure MAC protocol for VANETs, with different message priorities for different types of applications to access DSRC channels. Our simulations and analysis show that the proposed MAC protocol can provide secure communications while guarantee the reliability and latency requirements of safety related DSRC applications for VANETs.
Characterization of a novel cell line established from a patient with Herceptin-resistant breast cancer (2004)

Clinical resistance to the HER-2 oncogene-targeting drug trastuzumab (Herceptin) exists, but studies of the resistance mechanisms are hampered by the lack of suitable experimental model systems. We established a carcinoma cell line (designated JIMT-1) from a pleural metastasis of a 62-year old patient with breast cancer who was clinically resistant to trastuzumab. JIMT-1 cells grow as an adherent monolayer and form xenograft tumors in nude mice. JIMT-1 cells have an amplified HER-2 oncogene, which showed no identifiable mutations in its coding sequence. JIMT-1 cells overexpress HER-2 mRNA and protein, and the levels of HER-1, HER-3, and HER-4 mRNA and protein were similar to the trastuzumab-sensitive cell line SKBR-3. The cell line lacks expression of hormone receptors (estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors) and is phenotypically of epithelial progenitor cell origin, as evidenced by immunohistochemical positivity for both cytokeratins 5/14 and 8/18. JIMT-1 cells were insensitive to trastuzumab and another HER-2-inhibiting drug, pertuzumab (2C4), in vitro and in xenograft tumors. Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors Ci1033 and ZD1839 inhibited the JIMT-1 cell growth but to a lesser degree than in trastuzumab-sensitive BT-474 cells. The lack of growth inhibition was rationalized by the unaltered Akt phosphorylation in JIMT-1 cells. Erk1/2 phosphorylation was slightly reduced but still evident in JIMT-1 cells. We conclude that the JIMT-1 cell line provides a valuable experimental model for studies of new trastuzumab-resistance mechanisms.
The target of rapamycin (TOR) proteins (2001)

Rapamycin potently inhibits downstream signaling from the target of rapamycin (TOR) proteins. These evolutionarily conserved protein kinases coordinate the balance between protein synthesis and protein degradation in response to nutrient quality and quantity. The TOR proteins regulate (i) the initiation and elongation phases of translation, (ii) ribosome biosynthesis, (iii) amino acid import, (iv) the transcription of numerous enzymes involved in multiple metabolic pathways, and (v) autophagy. Intriguingly, recent studies have also suggested that TOR signaling plays a critical role in brain development, learning, and memory formation.
ChemInform Abstract: PHASE‐TRANSFER FREE‐RADICAL REACTIONS: THE CROWN ETHER/POTASSIUM PEROXYDISULFATE INITIATOR SYSTEM (1981)

Abstract Aufgrund der Komplexierung zwischen K‐Ionen und Kronenethern kann durch Reaktion von K,S2O8 mit Kronenethern.
High-efficiency red electrophosphorescence devices (2001)

We demonstrate high-efficiency red electrophosphorescent organic light-emitting devices employing bis(2-(2′-benzo[4,5-a]thienyl)pyridinato-N,C3′) iridium(acetylacetonate) [Btp2Ir(acac)] as a red phosphor. A maximum external quantum efficiency of ηext=(7.0±0.5)% and power efficiency of ηp=(4.6±0.5) lm/W are achieved at a current density of J=0.01 mA/cm2. At a higher current density of J=100 mA/cm2, ηext=(2.5±0.3)% and ηp=(0.56±0.05) lm/W are obtained. The electroluminescent spectrum has a maximum at a wavelength of λmax=616 nm with additional intensity peaks at λsub=670 and 745 nm. The Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage coordinates of (x=0.68, y=0.32) are close to meeting video display standards. The short phosphorescence lifetime (∼4 μs) of Btp2Ir(acac) leads to a significant improvement in ηext at high currents as compared to the previously reported red phosphor, 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-12H, 23H-prophine platinum (II) PtOEP with a lifetime of ∼50 μs.
Complete genome sequence of Caulobacter crescentus (2001)

The complete genome sequence of Caulobacter crescentus was determined to be 4,016,942 base pairs in a single circular chromosome encoding 3,767 genes. This organism, which grows in a dilute aquatic environment, coordinates the cell division cycle and multiple cell differentiation events. With the annotated genome sequence, a full description of the genetic network that controls bacterial differentiation, cell growth, and cell cycle progression is within reach. Two-component signal transduction proteins are known to play a significant role in cell cycle progression. Genome analysis revealed that the C. crescentus genome encodes a significantly higher number of these signaling proteins (105) than any bacterial genome sequenced thus far. Another regulatory mechanism involved in cell cycle progression is DNA methylation. The occurrence of the recognition sequence for an essential DNA methylating enzyme that is required for cell cycle regulation is severely limited and shows a bias to intergenic regions. The genome contains multiple clusters of genes encoding proteins essential for survival in a nutrient poor habitat. Included are those involved in chemotaxis, outer membrane channel function, degradation of aromatic ring compounds, and the breakdown of plant-derived carbon sources, in addition to many extracytoplasmic function sigma factors, providing the organism with the ability to respond to a wide range of environmental fluctuations. C. crescentus is, to our knowledge, the first free-living alpha-class proteobacterium to be sequenced and will serve as a foundation for exploring the biology of this group of bacteria, which includes the obligate endosymbiont and human pathogen Rickettsia prowazekii, the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and the bovine and human pathogen Brucella abortus.
Lithium selectively increases neuronal differentiation of hippocampal neural progenitor cells bothin vitroandin vivo (2004)

Lithium has been demonstrated to increase neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of rodent hippocampus. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of lithium on the proliferation and differentiation of rat neural progenitor cells in hippocampus both in vitro and in vivo. Lithium chloride (1-3 mM) produced a significant increase in the number of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells in high-density cultures, but did not increase clonal size in low-density cultures. Lithium chloride at 1 mM (within the therapeutic range) also increased the number of cells double-labeled with BrdU antibody and TuJ1 (a class III beta-tubulin antibody) in high-density cultures and the number of TuJ1-positive cells in a clone of low-density cultures, whereas it decreased the number of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells in both cultures. These results suggest that lithium selectively increased differentiation of neuronal progenitors. These actions of lithium appeared to enhance a neuronal subtype, calbindin(D28k)-positive cells, and involved a phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phosphorylated cyclic AMP response element-binding protein-dependent pathway both in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest that lithium in therapeutic amounts may elicit its beneficial effects via facilitation of neural progenitor differentiation toward a calbindin(D28k)-positive neuronal cell type.
Site-specific mutagenesis of a highly conserved region of the herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA polymerase gene (1990)

Seven point mutations were introduced into region I of the herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA polymerase, which is most highly conserved among DNA polymerases and has no drug sensitivity markers mapped to it. The functional consequences of these mutations were studied in an in vitro transcription-translation system in which T7 transcripts of cloned polymerase genes were used to generate enzymatically active polypeptides in reticulocyte lysate. Analysis of labeled polypeptides on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis failed to show any alterations of stability caused by these mutations. The mutations G885R, D886N, T887K, D888A, and G896V lacked polymerase activity and failed to be stimulated by cotranslation of the herpes simplex virus 65-kilodalton DNA-binding protein, whereas R881G and S889A retained both polymerase activity and the capacity to be stimulated by the 65-kilodalton DNA-binding protein.
BEDTools: a flexible suite of utilities for comparing genomic features (2010)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Optimal scheduling of probabilistic repetitive projects using completed unit and genetic algorithms (2007)

In this paper we introduce the completed unit algorithm (CU-AL), a probabilistic scheduling methodology for repetitive projects. The algorithm has two main advantages, simplicity and short computational time, that facilitate and expedite its use in simulation modeling and optimization. An integration between CU-AL and genetic algorithm (GA) is established to optimize the problem of maximizing profit for repetitive projects with probabilistic activity durations. This integration between CU-AL and GA is explained in detail through an example project with 5 activities and 10 repetitive units. A simulation model for this project is developed in Stroboscope, an activity-based simulation system. The optimization is performed by ChaStrobeGA, a Stroboscope add-on using genetic algorithm to optimize the overall objective function of project profit. Discussion of the results provides insight into the tradeoff between maintaining and relaxing resource continuity constraints in order to maximize expected project profit.
In vitro and in vivo regulation of hepatic erythropoiesis by erythropoietin and glucocorticoids in the rat fetus. (1982)

Glucocorticoids affect evolution of rat fetal liver erythropoietic tissue, where their receptors have been characterized. This paper describes erythropoietin (Ep) and dexamethasone (Dex) effects on the number of CFUE and BFUE grown from erythroid cells isolated from 14 day fetal livers. CFUE number showed a linear log dose-response towards Ep. In absence of exogenous Ep, it was increased by 10(-10) - 10(-9) mol/L Dex. At Ep concentrations less than or equal to 0.025 U/ml, it was increased by Dex concentrations less than or equal to 10(-9) mol/L, higher Dex concentrations being inhibitory. At Ep concentrations greater than 0.025 U/ml, only a linear log dose inhibitory effect of Dex was observed, related to receptor occupancy. BFUE number was not affected by Dex. Ep activity of fetal serum, measured by CFUE induction, was high at 15-16 days of gestation and much lower thereafter. Proliferation of erythropoietic tissue in rat fetal liver before 16 days probably results from high Ep and low corticosterone levels; the regression of proliferation after 16 days probably results from the reverse hormonal status.
A microwave method for on-line determination of bulk density and moisture content of particulate materials (1998)

A new method for simultaneous and independent on-line determination of bulk density and moisture content in particulate materials by measurements of the relative complex permittivity is proposed. The bulk density is determined, based on a representation in the complex plane of relative complex permittivity normalized to bulk density. For moisture content determination, a new density-independent function, exclusively dependent on the dielectric properties, is used. Results obtained from measurements on wheat over broad ranges of microwave frequencies, temperatures, densities, and moisture contents are presented.
The Role of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase in Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Signaling (1999)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor Flk-1/KDR in endothelial cells is activated during vasculogenesis and angiogenesis upon ligand-receptor interaction. Activated Flk-1/KDR has been shown to recruit Src homology 2 domain-containing signaling molecules that are known to serve as links to the activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathway. To define the functional significance of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase in VEGF signaling, we have examined its role in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) cycle progression. We show herein that p85, the regulatory subunit of PI 3-kinase, is constitutively associated with Flk-1/KDR. The treatment of HUVECs with VEGF promoted tyrosine autophosphorylation of Flk-1/KDR and also induced phosphorylation of p85. This was followed by an increase in the PI 3-kinase activity, which was sensitive to wortmannin, a potent PI 3-kinase inhibitor. VEGF also induced a striking activation of MAP kinase in a time-dependent manner. Inhibition studies with both a dominant-negative p85 mutant and the PI 3-kinase inhibitor, wortmannin, were employed to show for the first time that VEGF-stimulated PI 3-kinase modulates MAP kinase activation and nuclear events such as transcription from c-fos promoter and entry into the synthesis (S)-phase. Our data demonstrate the importance of PI 3-kinase as a necessary signaling component of VEGF-mediated cell cycle progression.
Allelic imbalance at 1p36 in the pathogenesis of human hepatocellular carcinoma. (2004)

The present study demonstrated that the shortest region of overlap was confined within 1p36 chromosomal sub-band in human hepatocellular carcinoma, which might be involved in an early step of hepatocarcinogenesis, and it encourages future studies to identify the putative tumor suppressor gene(s) at 1p36.
Isolation of Primordial Germ Cells from Differentiating Human Embryonic Stem Cells (2008)

Of all the cell types that can be obtained from the differentiation of embryonic stem cells, primordial germ cells are arguably the most fascinating, as they represent the in vitro completion of the reproductive cycle of the organism from which the embryonic stem cell line was derived. It is also possible to obtain these cells from embryos at an appropriate stage of development, but this process yields only small numbers that are not applicable to investigations of their epigenetic architecture. A considerable body of data has been generated from the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells to this cell type, but despite the demonstration of their presence in human embryoid bodies, there has been little progress toward methods of producing human primordial germ cells in useful numbers. We present here a robust protocol to differentiate two human embryonic stem cell lines (H9 and hES-NCL1) that maximizes the numbers of primordial germ cells that may be obtained using a simple fluorescence-activated cell sorting strategy for their isolation. These primordial germ cells demonstrate high-level expression of the germ cell-specific VASA gene and show removal of parental imprints and chromatin modification changes that support their primordial germ cell identity.
4-Hydroxytamoxifen Inhibits Proliferation of Multiple Myeloma Cells In vitro through Down-Regulation of c-Myc, Up-Regulation of p27Kip1, and Modulation of Bcl-2 Family Members (2005)

Although the effects of 4-OHT are observed at micromolar concentrations, cellular mechanisms responsible for G(1) arrest, as well as apoptosis induction, are similar to those observed in breast cancer cells. Our data support the concept that 4-OHT may represent an alternative approach to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells.
Image-Velocity Sensing with Parallel-Slit Reticles* (1963)

Image-velocity sensors find application in aerial camera-control systems by providing the servo intelligence necessary to achieve accurate image-motion compensation. This paper explores the theory of operation of image-velocity sensors which employ a parallel-slit reticle to effect the light flux modulation resulting in a time frequency directly proportional to image velocity.Experimental data is presented, and a graphical analysis is used to demonstrate the computing action of the parallel-slit sensor. The effect on signal quality of varying certain geometrical parameters is demonstrated, and limitations of the method are explored. An interesting conclusion is that the computing action is not dependent upon any inherent periodicity in the image. An approach to explaining the phenomenon by information-theory principles is outlined, and practical considerations involved in utilizing this effect in aerial photography are briefly explored.
Whole Exome Sequencing Uncovers Germline Variants of Cancer-Related Genes in Sporadic Pheochromocytoma (2018)

Additional somatic passenger mutations can be associated with known susceptibility <i>VHL</i>, <i>NF1</i>, and <i>RET</i> genes in PCCs, and a wide number of germline variants with still unknown clinical significance can be detected in these patients. Therefore, many efforts should be aimed to better define the pathogenetic role of all these germline variants for discovering novel potential therapeutic targets for this disease still orphan of effective treatments.
Induction of differentiation of rat retinal, germinal, neuroepithelial cells by dbcAMP (1990)

Little is known about the factors that regulate the production of neurons during the development of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS); however, evidence from several neuronal cell lines suggests that an increase in intracellular cAMP might trigger the process of differentiation. To determine if a similar process is involved in differentiation during normal CNS neurogenesis, we raised the intracellular level of cAMP in primary cultures of mitotically active, germinal neuroepithelial cells from fetal and postnatal rat retina. This treatment induced differentiation of the CNS precursors, causing the cells to cease DNA synthesis and increase their expression of proteins normally found in differentiated retinal cells. These results indicate that germinal neuroepithelial cell differentiation can be controlled through the cAMP second messenger system, and that the regulation of this system may in part determine the numbers and ratios of the various classes of neurons during the normal development of the CNS.
Epigenetic Therapy for Friedreich’s Ataxia: A Phase I Clinical Trial (PL1.003) (2014)

OBJECTIVE Demonstrate oral histone deacetylase inhibitors increase frataxin expression in Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA) patients at doses that can be safely administered. BACKGROUND In culture, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) increased FXN mRNA and protein expression in ex vivo treated patient blood cells. In vivo treatment using transgenic animal models for FRDA increased FXN mRNA and protein in target tissues and reduced disease related pathology. A 2-aminobenzamide HDACi (109/RG2833) was evaluated in nonclinical toxicology, pharmacology and safety studies to support use of this compound in FRDA patients. DESIGN/METHODS A Phase I clinical study to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of orally administered 109/RG2833 in 20 adults with FRDA was approved after national and hospital regulatory review. Four cohorts of 5 FRDA patients where Cohort 1 and 2 were open label, with single 30-120mg doses. Cohorts 3 and 4 were randomized, double blind, placebo controlled crossover studies. Cohort 3, a single 180mg or placebo dose; cohort 4, two 120mg or of placebo doses, 4 hours apart. Primary outcome was safety and pharmacodynamic response on HDAC inhibition and FXN mRNA and protein levels in patient blood cells. HDAC activity in patient PBMC was measured with a deacetylase assay using the Fluor-de-LysTM substrate. qRT-PCR and frataxin dipstick assays were used to measure FXN mRNA and protein respectively. RESULTS RG2833 was well tolerated with no limiting toxicities reported. We detected dose dependent suppression of deacetylase activity in the PBMC lysates from the RG2833 treated subjects. An average induction of 1.5-1.6 fold of FXN mRNA levels was observed in patients treated with 120-240mg doses. Small frataxin protein induction was observed in 3 patients with 180-240mg doses. CONCLUSIONS This study provides proof of principal for orally administered class I HDAC inhibitor as potential therapeutics for Friedreich’s ataxia. Study Supported by: Repligen Corporation, GoFAR and EFACTS
Space-time adaptive processing for airborne radar (2002)

Advanced airborne radar systems are required to detect targets in the presence of both clutter and jamming. Ground clutter is extended in both angle and range, and is spread in Doppler frequency because of the platform motion. Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) refers to the simultaneous processing of the signals from an array antenna during a multiple pulse coherent waveform. STAP can provide improved detection of targets obscured by mainlobe clutter, defection of targets obscured by sidelobe clutter, and detection in combined clutter and jamming environments. Fully adaptive STAP is impractical for reasons of computational complexity and estimation with limited data, so partially adaptive approaches are required. The paper presents a taxonomy of partially adaptive STAP approaches that are classified according to the type of preprocessor, or equivalently, by the domain in which adaptive weighting occurs. Analysis of the rank of the clutter covariance matrix in each domain provides insight and conditions for preprocessor design.
An Assessment on the Geographical Boundary of Hydrometeorologic Changes due to Dam Construction (2005)

본 연구에서는 댐 건설 전후 수문기상자료의 변화에 대해 분석하고, 댐 건설이 국지 수문기상변화에 미치는 영향과 그 영향 범위에 대해 알아보았다. 모형화를 통해 댐 건설 전후의 수문기상변화에 대한 정량화를 수행하고자 하였으며, 댐의 영향 정도를 시공간적으로 정량화 할 수 있는 모형을 개발하였다. 개발된 모형은 섬진강댐, 소양강댐, 안동댐, 충주댐 등에 적용하였으며, 실제 댐 건설로 인한 수문기상학적 영향이 미치는 한계 범위를 파악하였다. 댐의 범위별로 산정된 알베도와 재순환계수의 상관관계를 분석한 결과 댐 건설 후 격자별 알베도와 재순환계수는 상당히 높은 상관관계(상관계수 0.88)를 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 댐 건설에 따른 토지이용의 변화가 궁극적으로 수분의 재순환에 큰 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 평가되었다. 또한, 수문기상학적 영향범위와 댐 건설 후 생성되는 저수면적과 비교를 통해 저수면적과 영향범위는 밀접한 관계가 있음을 알 수 있었으며, 신규 댐의 건설시에 댐 건설로 생성이 예상되는 저수면적을 이용해서 수문기상학적 영향의 범위를 추정할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다. This study analyzes hydrometeorologic changes after a dam construction, and develops a model related to estimating the geographical boundary hour far hydrometeorologic changes could happen due to a dam construction. The model is applied to several dams, namely Seomjin Dam, Soyang Dam, Andong Dam, and Chungju Dam. Throughout estimating the correlation between albedo and recycling coefficients, the result confirms that the land use changes by dam construction are the critical factor on the recycling of the water in the air. It is also shown that the geographical boundary is highly related to the surface area of a dam. Finally, this model is expected to be applied to estimate its boundary of hydrometeorologic changes by a new dam construction.
Qué presidente para esta Iglesia (2020)

En visperas de la Asamblea plenaria electiva de la Conferencia Episcopal Espanola, varias veces eclesiales comparten cual deberia ser , a su juicio, el perfil del obispo llamado a guiar la nave eclesial durante los proximos cuatro anos.