gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adult Ventricular Cardiomyocytes: Isolation and Culture (2004)

Isolated cardiomyocytes are a prerequisite to study the biology of cardiomyocytes. Efficient isolation is difficult, as these cells adhere firmly together in the heart and do not divide. Therefore, any experiment is restricted to the amount of calcium-tolerant, rod-shaped cardiomyocytes that can be initially isolated from the heart. This chapter gives detailed instructions on how ventricular cardiomyocytes can be isolated from an intact adult heart. The method is based on the principle of calcium-free perfusion with collagenase supplementation to disrupt cell-cell contacts in the heart, isolation and purification of cardiomyocytes from other cell types, and, finally, re-establishing a physiological cellular calcium concentration. The chapter also summarizes some commonly used adaptations to isolate cardiomyocytes from species different from rat.
An oral CD40 ligand gene therapy against lymphoma using attenuated Salmonella typhimurium (2000)

CD40 ligand (CD40L) has a great potential as a novel treatment for B-cell lymphoma (BCL). It has previously been demonstrated that a nonvirulent strain of Salmonella typhimurium mutant (ST) can be used not only as a vehicle in oral genetic immunization via the intestinal mucosa, but also as an enhancer of interferon gamma- and tumor necrosis factor alpha-mediated immunity. After confirming that human CD40L can up-regulate expression of Fas, B7-1, and B7-2 molecules on murine BCL cells in vitro, we transfected the human CD40L gene into S typhimurium mutant (ST40L), which was administrated orally to determine whether it was able to prevent the growth of BCL in mice. Expression of human CD40L was confirmed immunohistochemically with protein being detected in the Peyer's patches of mice immunized with ST40L. Moreover, human soluble CD40L had been detectable until 7 to 8 weeks after oral administration of ST40L. Although ST alone exhibited some protective effects, ST40L demonstrated a significantly greater protection against the development of CD40 positive BCL compared with the control. In the surviving mice that had been treated with ST40L, a small and hard nodule was formed at the injection site, which was found to be composed of infiltrating lymphocytes expressing Fas ligand. These results have the potential to be a simple, effective, and above all, safe immune-gene therapy against BCL. (Blood. 2000;95:1258-1263)
PAT-tree-based keyword extraction for Chinese information retrieval (1997)

urgent need to promote Chinese in this paper we will raise the significance of keyword extraction using a new PAT-treebased approach, which is efficient in automatic keyword extraction from a set of relevant Chinese documents.This approach has been successfully applied in several IR researches, such as document classification, book indexing and relevance feedback.Many Chinese language processing applications therefore step ahead from character level to word/phrase level,
High-Resolution Global Maps of 21st-Century Forest Cover Change (2013)

Quantification of global forest change has been lacking despite the recognized importance of forest ecosystem services. In this study, Earth observation satellite data were used to map global forest loss (2.3 million square kilometers) and gain (0.8 million square kilometers) from 2000 to 2012 at a spatial resolution of 30 meters. The tropics were the only climate domain to exhibit a trend, with forest loss increasing by 2101 square kilometers per year. Brazil's well-documented reduction in deforestation was offset by increasing forest loss in Indonesia, Malaysia, Paraguay, Bolivia, Zambia, Angola, and elsewhere. Intensive forestry practiced within subtropical forests resulted in the highest rates of forest change globally. Boreal forest loss due largely to fire and forestry was second to that in the tropics in absolute and proportional terms. These results depict a globally consistent and locally relevant record of forest change.
PET of cardiac transgene expression: comparison of 2 approaches based on herpesviral thymidine kinase reporter gene. (2004)

Both reporter gene/probe combinations were feasible for noninvasive imaging of cardiac transgene expression in different species. Specific probe kinetics suggest different myocardial handling of pyrimidine (FIAU) and acycloguanosine (FHBG) derivatives. The results favor (18)F-FHBG with mutant HSV1-sr39tk because of continuous accumulation over time and higher imaging contrast.
Delayed release dexlansoprazole in the treatment of GERD and erosive esophagitis (2009)

Although proton pump inhibitors (PPI) have a record of remarkable effectiveness and safety in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), several treatment challenges with PPI have emerged. Dexlansoprazole MR is the (R)-enantiomer of lansoprazole contained in a formulation that produces two distinct releases of drug and significantly extends the duration of active plasma concentrations and % time pH > 4 beyond that of conventional single-release PPI. Dexlansoprazole MR can be administered without regard to meals or the timing of meals in most patients. Dexlansoprazole MR 60 mg demonstrated similar efficacy for healing of erosive esophagitis at 8 weeks compared with lansoprazole 30 mg, and dexlansoprazole MR 30 mg was superior to placebo for maintenance of healed erosive esophagitis at 6 months with 99% of nights and 96% of days heartburn-free over 6 months in patients taking dexlansoprazole MR 30 mg. Superior relief of heartburn occurred in patients taking dexlansoprazole MR 30 mg (55% heartburn-free 24-hour periods) vs placebo (14%) for symptomatic nonerosive GERD. The safety profile of dexlansoprazole MR is similar to that of lansoprazole. The extended pharmacodynamic effects, added convenience, and efficacy and safety of dexlansoprazole MR offer a novel approach to gastric pH control in patients with acid-related disorders.
Leucocyte/endothelial cell adhesion receptors in muscle biopsies from patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). (1996)

Interactions between leucocytes and endothelial cells through specific adhesion receptors play an increasingly recognized crucial role in the development of inflammatory infiltrates in chronic inflammatory diseases. In this study we investigated adhesion molecule expression in muscle biopsies from 18 dermatomyositis, six polymyositis, five inclusion-body myositis patients and from eight normal controls. Immunohistochemical detection of leucocyte integrins LFA-1 and VLA-4, their endothelial counter-receptors intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and the endothelial cell markers CD31 and von Willebrand factor-related antigen (vWFAg) was performed using specific MoAbs and an alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase technique. ICAM-1 expression was up-regulated and VCAM-1 induced in muscle capillaries of dermatomyositis samples. In both dermatomyositis and polymyositis, endothelial cells from vessels surrounded by inflammatory infiltrates strongly expressed ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Infiltrating leucocytes were intensively LFA-1- and VLA-4-positive. These data suggest that leucocyte/endothelial cell interactions mediated by the receptor/ligand pairs LFA-1/ICAM-1 and VLA-4/VCAM-1 actively participate in the development of muscle inflammatory infiltrates in the major inflammatory myopathies. In addition, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 over-expression by capillary endothelial cells in dermatomyositis supports the hypothesis that capillary activation and/or injury is a major feature in this disease.
Conformations in Solution of alpha,alpha-Trehalose, alpha-d-Glucopyranosyl alpha-d-Mannopyranoside, and Their 1-Thioglycosyl Analogs, and a Tentative Correlation of Their Behaviour with Respect to the Enzyme Trehalase (1983)

The conformation in solution of alpha-D-glucopyranosyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside (alpha,alpha-trehalose, 1), alpha-D-glucopyranosyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside (3) and their corresponding 1-thioglycosyl analogs, alpha-D-glucopyranosyl 1-thio-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (1-thio-alpha,alpha-trehalose, 2) and alpha-D-glucopyranosyl 1-thio-alpha-D-mannopyranoside (4) were established from high-resolution 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR measurements. These experimental results are in good agreement with the conformations as inferred from hard-sphere calculations. The dihedral angles phi H and psi H are not significantly different for the O-glycosyl disaccharides 1 and 3 compared with their 1-thioglycosyl analogs 2 and 4; however, the internuclear H-1--H-1' and H-1--H-5' distances appear to be longer for 1-thiodisaccharides. This may account for the differences in affinities of cockchafer trehalase which have been observed. This enzyme exhibits less affinity for the competitive inhibitor alpha-D-glucopyranosyl 1-thio-alpha-D-mannopyranoside (4) than for its O-glycosyl analog 3 (Ki 0.055 mM versus 0.0057 mM). From the similarity in Ki between 1-thio-alpha, alpha-trehalose and alpha-D-glucopyranosyl 1-thio-alpha-D-mannopyranoside (0.050 mM versus 0.055 mM), it is possible to assume a similar decrease in the enzymic affinity between the natural substrate (1) and the corresponding 1-thioglycosyl inhibitor (2), which can together be ascribed to the aforementioned difference in the conformation of the molecules.
A Phosphoribosylanthranilate Transferase Gene Is Defective in Blue Fluorescent Arabidopsis thaliana Tryptophan Mutants (1992)

An Arabidopsis thaliana gene encoding phosphoribosylanthranilate transferase is shown to be the gene that is defective in blue fluorescent trp1 mutant plants. This gene, named PAT1, was isolated using an A. thaliana cDNA clone that suppressed an Escherichia coli trpD(-) mutation. The PAT1 coding region is homologous to those for the phosphoribosylanthranilate transferases from many microorganisms. Unlike other genes involved in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in A. thaliana, PAT1 appears to be a single-copy gene. PAT1 was demonstrated to be the gene that is defective in blue fluorescent trp1 mutants by two methods: genetic complementation in transgenic plants and genetic mapping studies. This is the first report of cloning a plant phosphoribosylanthranilate transferase gene. The PAT1 gene should prove useful as a selectable marker for transformation or a visible reporter of gene expression when used in conjunction with trp1 plants.
Harmful somatic mutations: lessons from the dark side (1998)

The ability of somatic mutation to modify the course of an immune response is well documented. However, emphasis has been placed almost exclusively on the ability of somatic mutation to improve the functional characteristics of representative antibodies. The harmful effects of somatic mutation, its dark side, have been far less well characterized. Yet evidence suggests that the number of B cells directed to wastage pathways as a result of harmful somatic mutation probably far exceeds the number of cells whose antibodies have been improved. Here we review our recent findings in understanding the structural and functional consequences of V-region mutation.
First-order incremental block-based statistical timing analysis (2004)

Variability in digital integrated circuits makes timing verification an extremely challenging task. In this paper, a canonical first order delay model is proposed that takes into account both correlated and independent randomness. A novel linear-time block-based statistical timing algorithm is employed to propagate timing quantities like arrival times and required arrival times through the timing graph in this canonical form. At the end of the statistical timing, the sensitivities of all timing quantities to each of the sources of variation are available. Excessive sensitivities can then be targeted by manual or automatic optimization methods to improve the robustness of the design. This paper also reports the first incremental statistical timer in the literature which is suitable for use in the inner loop of physical synthesis or other optimization programs. The third novel contribution of this paper is the computation of local and global criticality probabilities. For a very small cost in CPU time, the probability of each edge or node of the timing graph being critical is computed. Numerical results are presented on industrial ASIC chips with over two million logic gates.
The Action of Carbon Monoxide on Iron and Cobalt Complexes of Cysteine (1933)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Action of Carbon Monoxide on Iron and Cobalt Complexes of CysteineMaxwell P. SchubertCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1933, 55, 11, 4563–4570Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1933Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1933https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01338a040RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views261Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (564 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Hyperglycemia Activates p53 and p53-Regulated Genes Leading to Myocyte Cell Death (2001)

To determine whether enzymatic p53 glycosylation leads to angiotensin II formation followed by p53 phosphorylation, prolonged activation of the renin-angiotensin system, and apoptosis, ventricular myocytes were exposed to levels of glucose mimicking diabetic hyperglycemia. At a high glucose concentration, O-glycosylation of p53 occurred between 10 and 20 min, reached its peak at 1 h, and then decreased with time. Angiotensin II synthesis increased at 45 min and 1 h, resulting in p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase-driven p53 phosphorylation at Ser 390. p53 phosphorylation was absent at the early time points, becoming evident at 1 h, and increasing progressively from 3 h to 4 days. Phosphorylated p53 at Ser 18 and activated c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinases were identified with hyperglycemia, whereas extracellular signal-regulated kinase was not phosphorylated. Upregulation of p53 was associated with an accumulation of angiotensinogen and AT(1) and enhanced production of angiotensin II. Bax quantity also increased. These multiple adaptations paralleled the concentrations of glucose in the medium and the duration of the culture. Myocyte death by apoptosis directly correlated with glucose and angiotensin II levels. Inhibition of O-glycosylation prevented the initial synthesis of angiotensin II, p53, and p38-MAP kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation and apoptosis. AT(1) blockade had no influence on O-glycosylation of p53, but it interfered with p53 phosphorylation; losartan also prevented phosphorylation of p38-MAPK by angiotensin II. Inhibition of p38-MAPK mimicked at a more distal level the consequences of losartan. In conclusion, these in vitro results support the notion that hyperglycemia with diabetes promotes myocyte apoptosis mediated by activation of p53 and effector responses involving the local renin-angiotensin system.
Anesthetic and Convulsant Properties of Aromatic Compounds and Cycloalkanes (1996)

We examined the anesthetic and convulsant properties of 16 unfluorinated to completely fluorinated aromatic compounds, having six to nine carbon atoms (e.g., benzene to 1,3,5-tris(trifluoromethyl)benzene), and four cycloalkanes (cyclopentane to cyclooctane). Benzene, fluorobenzene, toluene, p-xylene, ethylbenzene, and cyclopentane caused excitation (twitching, jerking, and hyperactivity), and three aromatic compounds (perfluorotoluene, p-difluorotoluene and 1,3,5-tris(trifluoromethyl)benzene) and three cycloalkanes (cyclohexane, cycloheptane, and cyclooctane) produced convulsions. Cyclooctane and 1,3,5-tris(trifluoromethyl)benzene were nonanesthetics. Except for nonanesthetics and perfluorotoluene (too toxic to test for anesthetic potency), all compounds produced anesthesia or decreased the minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration of desflurane. Aromatic compounds were more potent and lipid-soluble than n-alkanes (data from previous report) and cycloalkanes. All three series increasingly disobeyed the Meyer-Overton hypothesis as molecular size increased. For a particular number of carbons (e.g., cyclohexane, n-hexane, and benzene), the deviation was cycloalkanes >or=to normal alkanes > aromatic compounds. These results suggest that molecular shape (including "bulkiness") and size provide limited clues to the structure of the anesthetic site of action. (Anesth Analg 1996;83:1097-104)
[Isolation and identification of a pathogen of grasshoppers]. (1995)

A pathogen was isolated from natural dead pests of Ceracris kiangsu in Geleshan farm of Chongqin. Its pathogenecity was confirmed by the law of KOCK. It was identified as Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes according to its physiological and biochemical properties as well as the G + C content of DNA (63.73mol%). The results of preliminary bioassay show that the pathogen can infect the grasshoppers and Ceracris kiangsu, and also can infect other pests of grassland in a certain extent.
Immunocytochemical localization of prolactin and growth hormone in the equine pituitary. (1997)

The ultrastructural and immunoreactive staining characteristics of cells containing prolactin (lactotropes) and growth hormone (GH; somatotropes) in the anterior pituitaries of gonadally intact pony mares were studied at the electron microscopic level. Lactotropes included two morphological subsets: Type I cells were larger and contained large, dense, polymorphic granules that were scattered throughout the cytoplasm; Type II cells were smaller and contained small, dense, polymorphic granules that were predominantly found in peripheral areas of the cytoplasm. Lactotropes constituted 5 to 16% of the total number of cells in the pituitary. Somatotropes were medium-sized cells containing uniform, large, dense secretory granules. The somatotropes contained the largest secretory granules in the pituitary and represented 11 to 26% of the total number of cells. Type I lactotropes and somatotropes were readily distinguishable without immunocytochemical staining. Double-labeling of pituitary sections allowed for characterization of cells that contained both hormones (mammosomatotropes). These cells were morphologically indistinguishable from Type I lactotropes and constituted 6.5 to 16.5% of the total number of cells. Results from this study demonstrated that there are two cell populations that contain only prolactin (Type I and II lactotropes) and one cell population that contains only GH (somatotropes) in the equine pituitary, and an additional subset of cells that contains GH and prolactin in the same secretory granules.
Rate Gain Region and Design Tradeoffs for Full-Duplex Wireless Communications (2013)

In this paper, we analytically study the regime in which practical full-duplex systems can achieve larger rates than an equivalent half-duplex systems. The key challenge in practical full-duplex systems is uncancelled self-interference signal, which is caused by a combination of hardware and implementation imperfections. Thus, we first present a signal model which captures the effect of significant impairments such as oscillator phase noise, low-noise amplifier noise figure, mixer noise, and analog-to-digital converter quantization noise. Using the detailed signal model, we study the rate gain region, which is defined as the region of received signal-of-interest strength where full-duplex systems outperform half-duplex systems in terms of achievable rate. The rate gain region is derived as a piecewise linear approximation in log-domain, and numerical results show that the approximation closely matches the exact region. Our analysis shows that when phase noise dominates mixer and quantization noise, full-duplex systems can use either active analog cancellation or baseband digital cancellation to achieve near-identical rate gain regions. Finally, as a design example, we numerically investigate the full-duplex system performance and rate gain region in typical indoor environments for practical wireless applications.
Genotypic analysis of respiratory mucous sulfation defects in cystic fibrosis. (1995)

Intracellular dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) has been proposed to alter endosomal acidification. The most widely studied consequence of this defect has been alterations in the biochemical properties of cystic fibrosis (CF) respiratory mucus glycoproteins. However, studies confirming the existence of mucous processing defects in CF have been hindered by the lack of in vivo animal models by which to test these hypotheses in the absence of secondary effects of chronic bacterial infection. The human bronchial xenograft model has been useful in evaluating the pathophysiologic differences between CF and non-CF airway epithelium, in the absence of secondary disease effects such as goblet cell hyperplasia. In this study we sought to compare the extent of sulfation within secreted mucus glycoproteins from CF and non-CF human bronchial xenografts. Cumulative results of xenografts generated from 13 independent CF tissue samples demonstrated a statistically significant higher level of sulfation (1.7 +/- 0.18, P < 0.026) as compared to non-CF paired controls. Such findings add to the growing body of knowledge that primary defects in sulfation exist in CF respiratory mucin. Correlation of genotype with the extent of mucus sulfation revealed two categories of CF tissues with statistically different mucus sulfation profiles. Results from these studies demonstrated a 2.0 +/- 0.15-fold higher level of mucus sulfation produced from xenografts of five defined CF genotypes as compared to non-CF controls (P < 0.004, n= 10). Interestingly, three CF samples for which one mutant allele remained undefined (deltaoff8/unknown or G551D/unknown) demonstrated no statistical difference in the level of sulfation as compared with matched non-CF controls (n= 3). This as yet unknown allele was not identified within a screen for the 26 most common CF mutations. These results provide preliminary evidence for allelic variation within the CF population which may begin to elucidate the structure-function of CFTR with regards to intracellular mucus processing defects.