gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Forget "drinking to forget": Enhanced consolidation of emotionally charged memory by alcohol. (1997)

Social drinkers (42 men, 18-34 years old) participated in a study of the effects of alcohol consumption on incidental memory for emotionally salient verbal stimuli. Participants rated depressing, elating, and neutral statements while sober. Fifteen minutes later they consumed alcohol or active placebo (1.0 or 0.1 ml/kg) in an environment with minimal retrograde interference. In surprise memory testing 24 hr later, when participants were again sober, the alcohol group had increased recall across statement type. The alcohol group also had better recognition of depressing and elating statements, but recognition of neutral statements did not differ between groups. Findings suggest alcohol produced a nonspecific enhancement of incidental memory and that alcohol's motivational properties were not implicated.
Experimental models of migraine. (2000)

Experimental models have been developed to study various aspects of migraine. Here we describe the most commonly used models--mostly animal models--which led to the development of a pathophysiological concept of migraine. We focus on activation studies of the trigeminovascular system, the sphenopalatine ganglion, the superior sagittal sinus, the dura mater as well as blood vessels. The most common consequences of activation are noted and include protein extravasation, neuropeptide release, rCBF and diameter changes, c-fos expression and electrical neuronal activity. In addition, we briefly summarize the results of cortical spreading depression studies, as they relate to the human migraine aura. These models will continue to be useful to elucidate migraine pathophysiology and explore drug mechanisms.
Synthesis and evaluation of a series of aryl[e]fused pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridines with potential anxiolytic activity (1990)

A series of pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridines has been synthesized and evaluated as potential anxiolytic agents. Selected compounds from this series show a pharmacological profile of action different from that of diazepam. A number of the compounds possess higher affinity for central benzodiazepine receptors than diazepam, yet show less anticonvulsant activity and are less sedative. The structure-activity relationships of these potential anxiolytic agents are discussed.
Experimental and Computational Study of a Direct O2-Coupled Wacker Oxidation: Water Dependence in the Absence of Cu Salts (2010)

The kinetics of the Pd[(-)-sparteine]Cl(2) catalyzed oxidation of decene using oxygen as the sole oxidant have been studied in the absence of copper salts and high [Cl(-)]. Saturation kinetics are observed for [decene] as well as a third order dependence on [water]. A mechanism is proposed involving the dissociation of two chlorides and rate-limiting formation of a three-water hydrogen bridged network and subsequent oxypalladation as supported by computational studies.
Carbohydrate Metabolism in Mutants of the Cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 Defective in Glycogen Synthesis (2010)

ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) and glycogen synthase (GS) catalyze the first two reactions of glycogen synthesis in cyanobacteria. Mutants defective in each of these enzymes in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 were constructed and characterized. Activities of the corresponding enzymes in the selected mutants were virtually undetectable, and their ability to synthesize glycogen was entirely abolished. The maximal activities of photosynthetic O(2) evolution and the rates of respiration in the dark were significantly decreased in the mutants compared to those in wild-type cells. Addition of 0.2 M NaCl or 3 mM H(2)O(2) to liquid cultures markedly inhibited the growth of the AGPase and GS mutants, while the same treatment had only marginal effects on the wild type. These results suggest a significant role for storage polysaccharides in tolerance to salt or oxidative stress.
Do we need another anthrax test? (2001)

Researchers at the Mayo Clinic have unveiled a new test for anthrax “that can spot the microbe's DNA signature within 35 minutes,” the San Francisco Chronicle reported on 6 November. The “unveiling” excited the rest of the US media, and why shouldn't it, for a new and rapid way of diagnosing this deadly disease must surely be a triumph?

The lead researcher, Franklin Cockerill, did his best to persuade journalists at a press conference last week that the discovery was indeed a breakthrough. The rapid test, he said, will allow for speedier treatment of people exposed to anthrax. It will …
Amelioration of negative symptoms in schizophrenia by glycine (1994)

Phencyclidine induces a psychotomimetic state by blocking neurotransmission at N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled fashion, 14 medicated patients with chronic schizophrenia were treated with glycine, a potentiator of NMDA-receptor-mediated neurotransmission. Significant improvement in negative symptoms occurred in the group given glycine but not in the group given placebo, suggesting that potentiation of NMDA-receptor-mediated neurotransmission may represent an effective treatment for neuroleptic-resistant negative symptoms in schizophrenia.
The design and implementation of dynamic hashing for sets and tables in icon (1993)

Abstract Two key features in the Icon programming language are tables and sets. An Icon program may use one large set or table, or thousands of small ones. To improve space and time performance for these diverse uses, their hashed data structures were reimplemented to dynamically resize during execution, reducing the minimum space requirement and achieving constant‐time access to any element for virtually any size set or table. The implementation is adapted from Per‐Åke Larson's dynamic hashing technique by using well‐known base‐2 arithmetic techniques to decrease the space required for small tables without degrading the performance of large tables. Also presented are techniques to prevent dynamic hashing from interfering with other Icon language features. Performance measurements are included to support the results.
Smart interface-to-device architecture for HMI (2003)

The field of software engineering is currently undergoing a rapid evolution (paradigm shift) toward the notion of component assembly and integration ("component-oriented programming"). On the other hand, the MVC (Model-View-Control) approach to graphical user interfaces (GUIs), pioneered by the Smalltalk language, has recently been exploited by Sun for Java's Swing GUI application programming interface (API). We propose our particular contribution to an architecture for effective human-machine interaction (HMI) inspired by both of these ways of programming. The specific application on which we are working as a proof-of-concept is a mobile clean-up robot simulator.
Lipoprotein(a)—clinical aspects and future challenges (2015)

Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) was first described by K. Berg and is known for more than 50 years. It is an interesting particle and combines the atherogenic properties of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol as well as the thrombogenic properties of plasminogen inactivation. However, due to technical problems and publication of negative trials the potential role of Lp(a) in atherosclerosis was severely underestimated. In recent years our understanding of the function and importance of Lp(a) improved. Interventional trials with niacin failed to demonstrate any benefit of lowering Lp(a); however, several studies confirmed the residual cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk of elevated Lp(a). LDL/Lp(a) apheresis is able to lower Lp(a) and some new drugs under development should help us to lower Lp(a) in the near future. It will be important to follow this with hard endpoint trials. Until then most clinicians recommend the use of an aggressive LDL-lowering approach in patients with high Lp(a). Since most of these patients with high Lp(a) might have manifested atherosclerosis anyway, we would also consider the use of acetylsalicylic acid.
The dawn of organic electronics (2000)

Organic semiconductors are poised to transform the world of circuit and display technology. Major electronics firms such as Philips and Pioneer, and smaller companies such as Cambridge Display Technology, Universal Display, and Uniax, are betting that the future holds tremendous opportunity for the low cost and sometimes surprisingly high performance offered by organic electronic and optoelectronic devices. Using organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs), organic full-color displays may eventually replace liquid-crystal displays (LCDs) for use with laptop and even desktop computers. Such displays can be deposited on flexible plastic foils, eliminating the fragile and heavy glass substrates used in LCDs, and can emit bright light without the pronounced directionality inherent in LCD viewing, all with efficiencies higher than can be obtained with incandescent light bulbs.
Antioxidants Inhibit Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase in IFN-γ-Activated Human Macrophages: Posttranslational Regulation by Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate (2001)

Induction of the heme-containing indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) by IFN-gamma is implicated in anti-microbial and pro-inflammatory activities of human macrophages. Antioxidants can modulate the expression of immune and inflammatory genes, and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) is a frequently used antioxidant to inhibit the transcription factor NF-kappaB. Here we show that IFN-gamma treatment of human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs) increased the proportion of oxidized glutathione. PDTC attenuated this increase and inhibited IDO activity, although it increased IDO protein expression and did not affect IDO mRNA expression and enzyme activity directly. Other antioxidants, 2-ME, ebselen, and t-butyl hydroquinone, inhibited IDO protein expression. Similar to PDTC, the heme biosynthesis inhibitor succinylacetone (SA) and the iron-chelator pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone inhibited cellular IDO activity without affecting protein expression, whereas addition of hemin or the heme precursor delta-aminolevulinic acid increased IDO activity. Also, incubation of IFN-gamma-activated hMDM with delta-[(14)C]-aminolevulinic acid resulted in the incorporation of label into immunoprecipitated IDO, a process inhibited by PDTC and SA. Furthermore, supplementation of lysates from PDTC- or SA-treated hMDM with hemin fully restored IDO activity to control levels, and hemin also reversed the inhibitory action of SA but not PDTC in intact cells. Together these results establish a requirement for de novo heme synthesis for IDO activity in IFN-gamma-activated hMDM. They show that, similar to other pro-inflammatory proteins, the activity of IDO is modulated by antioxidants though in the case of PDTC this takes place posttranslationally, in part by limiting the availability of heme for the formation of holo-IDO.
Optofluidic Microscopy (2005)

Recent advances in the development of lab-on-a-chip devices have been rapid and broad ranging. In general however these devices, while containing micro- or even nano-scale components, rely heavily on macroscale infrastructure (e.g. microscopes, chip readers and power sources) to perform much of the actual product detection and subsequent analysis. As such to enable the next generation of portable lab-on-chip devices, techniques for simply and cheaply integrating on-chip analysis functionalities will be required. In this work we present our work directed towards the development of a new concept in rapid on-chip imaging which we refer to as “optofluidic microscopy (OFM)”. Here we present an overview of the imaging theory, fabrication procedure and operational details of the initial prototype. Preliminary experimental results of this on-chip optical imager are also reported. A significant advantage of the technique is that through proper spatial scaling, sub-wavelength resolution can be achieved without bulk optics.
Automated Measurement of Wait Times at Airport Security (2010)

An anonymous Bluetooth tracking system was deployed at the new Indianapolis International Airport in Indiana from May 8 to June 2, 2009, to measure the time for passengers (a) to move from the nonsterile side of the airport (presecurity), (b) to clear the security screening checkpoint, and (c) to enter the walkway to Concourse B on the sterile side. The maximum passenger transit time between these checkpoints was observed on Monday mornings at approximately 0600, when it could take passengers up to 20 min to transit the security queue and screening and to walk to Concourse B. Depending on the day of the week, this approach was demonstrated to sample between 5% and 6.8% of passengers. This modest sample size provides a more robust measurement of screening times than the current system of manually distributing time-stamped cards as passengers enter the queue and collecting them where passengers pass through the magnetometer. Furthermore, because the final passenger reference point used in this study is on the sterile concourse, it captures the time associated with passengers repackaging their belongings and redonning their shoes. The data from this pilot study suggest the feasibility of using an automated system to provide quantitative information to managers for more effective allocation of scarce resources, as well as providing the traveling public with necessary information about the amount of time they should allocate for transiting the security screening process. The paper concludes by suggesting that additional pilot studies should be performed at several airports with alternative checkpoint configurations to develop a consensus on best practices for locating sensors to measure passage times at airport security screening.
Phase I trial of anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody hu3F8 plus GM-CSF: Impact of body weight, immunogenicity and anti-GD2 response on pharmacokinetics and survival (2017)

Fifty-seven stage 4 patients with refractory/relapsed neuroblastoma were enrolled in a phase I trial (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01757626) using humanized anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody hu3F8 in combination with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. The influence of body weight and human anti-human antibody (HAHA) on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of hu3F8, and the effect of de novo anti-GD2 response on patient outcome were explored. Serum samples before hu3F8 infusion, and serially up to day 12 during treatment cycle #1, and at 5 min after each hu3F8 infusion for all subsequent cycles were collected. PK was analyzed using non-compartmental modeling. Immunogenicity was assayed by HAHA response, and vaccination effect by induced host anti-GD2 response measured periodically until disease progression or last followup. Progression-free and overall survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Despite dosing being based on body weight, smaller patients had consistently lower area-under-the-curve and faster clearance over the 15 dose levels (0.9 to 9.6 mg/kg per treatment cycle) in this trial. Positive HAHA, defined by the upper limit of normal, when measured within 10 days from the last hu3F8 dose received, was associated with significantly lower serum hu3F8. Despite prior sensitization to other anti-GD2 antibody, e.g. mouse 3F8 or ch14.18, 75% of the patients never developed HAHA response even after getting more treatment cycles. Hu3F8 induced a de novo anti-GD2 response in patients, which was prognostic of progression-free survival. We conclude that hu3F8 had low immunogenicity. During treatment, positive HAHA and low body weight affected PK adversely, whereas induced anti-GD2 response was an outcome predictor.
Parity-based loss recovery for reliable multicast transmission (1997)

We investigate how FEC (Forward Error Correction) can be combined with ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request) to achieve scalable reliable multicast transmission. We consider the two scenarios where FEC is introduced as a transparent layer underneath a reliable multicast layer that uses ARQ, and where FEC and ARQ are both integrated into a single layer that uses the retransmission of parity data to recover from the loss of original data packets.To evaluate the performance improvements due to FEC, we consider different types of loss behaviors (spatially or temporally correlated loss, homogeneous or heterogeneous loss) and loss rates for up to 106 receivers. Our results show that introducing FEC as a layer below ARQ can improve multicast transmission efficiency and scalability and that there are substantial additional improvements when the two are integrated.
Effect of Thiazole Orange Doubly Labeled Thymidine on DNA Duplex Formation (2012)

Nucleic acid oligonucleotides are widely used in hybridization experiments for specific detection of complementary nucleic acid sequences. For design and application of oligonucleotides, an understanding of their thermodynamic properties is essential. Recently, exciton-controlled hybridization-sensitive fluorescent oligonucleotides (ECHOs) were developed as uniquely labeled DNA oligomers containing commonly one thymidine having two covalently linked thiazole orange dye moieties. The fluorescent signal of an ECHO is strictly hybridization-controlled, where the dye moieties have to intercalate into double-stranded DNA for signal generation. Here we analyzed the hybridization thermodynamics of ECHO/DNA duplexes, and thermodynamic parameters were obtained from melting curves of 64 ECHO/DNA duplexes measured by ultraviolet absorbance and fluorescence. Both methods demonstrated a substantial increase in duplex stability (ΔΔG°(37) ~ -2.6 ± 0.7 kcal mol(-1)) compared to that of DNA/DNA duplexes of the same sequence. With the exception of T·G mismatches, this increased stability was mostly unaffected by other mismatches in the position opposite the labeled nucleotide. A nearest neighbor model was constructed for predicting thermodynamic parameters for duplex stability. Evaluation of the nearest neighbor parameters by cross validation tests showed higher predictive reliability for the fluorescence-based than the absorbance-based parameters. Using our experimental data, a tool for predicting the thermodynamics of formation of ECHO/DNA duplexes was developed that is freely available at http://genome.gsc.riken.jp/echo/thermodynamics/. It provides reliable thermodynamic data for using the unique features of ECHOs in fluorescence-based experiments.
Seeded Aggregation and Toxicity of α-Synuclein and Tau (2010)

The deposition of amyloid-like filaments in the brain is the central event in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Here we report cellular models of intracytoplasmic inclusions of α-synuclein, generated by introducing nucleation seeds into SH-SY5Y cells with a transfection reagent. Upon introduction of preformed seeds into cells overexpressing α-synuclein, abundant, highly filamentous α-synuclein-positive inclusions, which are extensively phosphorylated and ubiquitinated and partially thioflavin-positive, were formed within the cells. SH-SY5Y cells that formed such inclusions underwent cell death, which was blocked by small molecular compounds that inhibit β-sheet formation. Similar seed-dependent aggregation was observed in cells expressing four-repeat Tau by introducing four-repeat Tau fibrils but not three-repeat Tau fibrils or α-synuclein fibrils. No aggregate formation was observed in cells overexpressing three-repeat Tau upon treatment with four-repeat Tau fibrils. Our cellular models thus provide evidence of nucleation-dependent and protein-specific polymerization of intracellular amyloid-like proteins in cultured cells.
The Cholinergic Hypothesis of Geriatric Memory Dysfunction (1982)

Biochemical, electrophysiological, and pharmacological evidence supporting a role for cholinergic dysfunction in age-related memory disturbances is critically reviewed. An attempt has been made to identify pseudoissues, resolve certain controversies, and clarify misconceptions that have occurred in the literature. Significant cholinergic dysfunctions occur in the aged and demented central nervous system, relationships between these changes and loss of memory exist, similar memory deficits can be artificially induced by blocking cholinergic mechanisms in young subjects, and under certain tightly controlled conditions reliable memory improvements in aged subjects can be achieved after cholinergic stimulation. Conventional attempts to reduce memory impairments in clinical trials hav not been therapeutically successful, however. Possible explanations for these disappointments are given and directions for future laboratory and clinical studies are suggested.
Studies on surface wettability of poly(dimethyl) siloxane (PDMS) and glass under oxygen-plasma treatment and correlation with bond strength (2005)

An issue in microfabrication of the fluidic channels in glass/poly (dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) is the absence of a well-defined study of the bonding strength between the surfaces making up these channels. Although most of the research papers mention the use of oxygen plasma for developing chemical (siloxane) bonds between the participating surfaces, yet they only define a certain set of parameters, tailored to a specific setup. An important requirement of all the microfluidics/biosensors industry is the development of a general regime, which defines a systematic method of gauging the bond strength between the participating surfaces in advance by correlation to a common parameter. This enhances the reliability of the devices and also gives a structured approach to its future large-scale manufacturing. In this paper, we explore the possibility of the existence of a common scale, which can be used to gauge bond strength between various surfaces. We find that the changes in wettability of surfaces owing to various levels of plasma exposure can be a useful parameter to gauge the bond strength. We obtained a good correlation between contact angle of deionized water (a direct measure of wettability) on the PDMS and glass surfaces based on various dosages or oxygen plasma treatment. The exposure was done first in an inductively coupled high-density (ICP) plasma system and then in plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) system. This was followed by the measurement of bond strength by use or the standardized blister test.
Crystal Structure of an Early Protein-RNA Assembly Complex of the Signal Recognition Particle (2001)

The signal recognition particle (SRP) is a universally conserved ribonucleoprotein complex that mediates the cotranslational targeting of secretory and membrane proteins to cellular membranes. A crucial early step in SRP assembly in archaea and eukarya is the binding of protein SRP19 to specific sites on SRP RNA. Here we report the 1.8 angstrom resolution crystal structure of human SRP19 in complex with its primary binding site on helix 6 of SRP RNA, which consists of a stem-loop structure closed by an unusual GGAG tetraloop. Protein-RNA interactions are mediated by the specific recognition of a widened major groove and the tetraloop without any direct protein-base contacts and include a complex network of highly ordered water molecules. A model of the assembly of the SRP core comprising SRP19, SRP54, and SRP RNA based on crystallographic and biochemical data is proposed.