gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interferon-γ –Receptor Deficiency in an Infant with Fatal Bacille Calmette–Guérin Infection (1996)

The attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette–Guerin (BCG) is the most widely used vaccine in the world. In most children, inoculation of live BCG vaccine is harmless although it oc...
Introduction to liquid crystals (2018)

This pedagogical overview of liquid crystals is based on lectures for postgraduate students given at the International Max Planck Research School “Modeling of Soft Matter”. I am delighted to dedicate it to my scientific advisor, Prof. Yuriy Reznikov, thus acknowledging his valuable contribution to my life.
Dual-band meander antenna for wireless telephones (2000)

An antenna capable of operation in two frequency bands allocated for cellular telephony is designed. The antenna consists of a dual meander and two passive ground-attached metallic strips. The antenna is similar to a strip-sleeve monopole in its construction and wideband operation in the proximity of the human head. The main advantage of this antenna is its shorter length. Two versions of the design are characterized in terms of the input impedance (normalized to 50 Ω) and radiation pattern in free space and next to the human head model. Also, the power deposition in the head is evaluated. The overall performance shows low reflections in both frequency bands (VSWR<1.5) and power deposition below the prescribed safety limits. ©2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 24: 81–85, 2000.
Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation In Vitro (2011)

Development of in vitro models by which to study smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation has been hindered by some peculiarities intrinsic to these cells, namely their different embryological origins and their ability to undergo phenotypic modulation in cell culture. Although many in vitro models are available for studying SMC differentiation, careful consideration should be taken so that the model chosen fits the questions being posed. In this review, we summarize several well-established in vitro models available to study SMC differentiation from stem cells and outline novel mechanisms recently identified as underlying SMC differentiation programs.
Factors Affecting Response and Survival in Patients With Myelodysplasia Treated With Immunosuppressive Therapy (2008)

IST produced significant improvement in the pancytopenia of a substantial proportion of patients with MDS and was associated with improved overall and progression-free survival, especially in younger individuals with lower-risk disease.
Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping in Dairy Cattle by Means of Selective Milk DNA Pooling Using Dinucleotide Microsatellite Markers: Analysis of Milk Protein Percentage (1998)

"Selective DNA pooling" accomplishes quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping through densitometric estimates of marker allele frequencies in pooled DNA samples of phenotypically extreme individuals. With poly(TG) microsatellites, such estimates are confounded by "shadow" ("stutter") bands. A correction procedure was developed on the basis of an observed linear regression between shadow band intensity and allele TG repeat number. Using this procedure, a selective DNA pooling study with respect to milk protein percentage was implemented in Israel-Holstein dairy cattle. Pools were prepared from milk samples of high and low daughters of each of seven sires and genotyped with respect to 11 markers. Highly significant associations with milk protein percentage were found for 5 of the markers; 4 of these markers confirmed previous reports. Selective DNA pooling accessed 80.6 and 48.3%, respectively, of the information that would have been available through individual selective genotyping or total population genotyping. In effect, the statistical power of 45,600 individual genotypings was obtained from 328 pool genotypings. This methodology can make genome-wide mapping of QTL accessible to moderately sized breeding organizations.
In vitro postantibiotic effect of daptomycin (LY146032) against Enterococcus faecalis and methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains (1989)

The suppression of bacterial growth that persists after brief exposure to antimicrobial agents has been termed the postantibiotic effect (PAE). This pharmacodynamic interaction varies for each microorganism-antimicrobial agent combination. Daptomycin (LY146032) is a new lipopeptide antibiotic with activity against gram-positive organisms. We studied the in vitro bactericidal activities and PAEs of the following drugs: daptomycin compared with penicillin G and vancomycin, without and with gentamicin against Enterococcus faecalis strains; daptomycin compared with nafcillin and vancomycin against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains; and daptomycin compared with vancomycin against methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains. Daptomycin, alone and when used in combination with gentamicin, exhibited greater bactericidal activity and in general produced a longer PAE than standard effective regimens against the organism strains studied.
Interleukin‐6 Protects MIN6 β Cells from Cytokine‐Induced Apoptosis (2003)

Host nonspecific beta cell injury by cytokines has been implicated in the process of early islet graft dysfunction. Islet transplant destruction by cytokines released from inflammatory cells that infiltrate the graft is thought to be mainly mediated by NF-kappaB-dependent nitric oxide (NO) production by the islet. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of IL-6 in making a beta cell resistant to cytokine-induced apoptosis by decreasing the NF-kappaB-dependent NO production and compared the result with that of the expression of a dominant negative inhibitor of NF-kappaB (DN NF-kappaB). Incubation of MIN6 cells with IL-1beta, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha (cytomix) increased production of nitrites, with increased expression of iNOS mRNA. When treated with cytomix, the DN NF-kappaB-transfected mutant demonstrated significantly less nitrite production and apoptosis than parent MIN6. NO production was effectively blocked by IL-6 as well as by N-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA). Inhibition of the NO production led to decreased rate of apoptosis accompanied by downregulation of the proapoptotic molecule Bax and increased expression of the antiapoptotic molecule Bcl-2 and Bcl-x(L). These data indicate that cytokine-induced cell death in the MIN6 beta cell line involves mechanisms that are, in part, NF-kappaB- and NO-dependent. Inhibition of the NO production by the incubation of the MIN6 cells by the pretreatment of IL-6 or l-NMMA is cytoprotective and can be used as a substitute for the expression of DN NF-kappaB.
Serum Leptin Levels as a Marker for a Syndrome X-Like Condition in Wild Baboons (2003)

We measured serum leptin levels in two groupings of wild male baboons, one with access to abundant quantities of food from gardens and garbage dumps near human habitations (Garbage; n = 11) and one without access (No Garbage; n = 10). A Garbage subgroup had high leptin levels (Garbage HL), whereas the rest of the Garbage group had low leptin levels (Garbage LL) similar to those in the No Garbage group. The Garbage HL individuals were obese, with higher mass, body mass index, and leptin to mass ratios; were insulin to resistant, with elevations in serum insulin, glucose, and insulin to glucose ratios; and were hyperlipidemic. This syndrome X-like condition occurred only in the Garbage HL subset. The Garbage LL subset did not differ from the No Garbage individuals in mass, body mass index, leptin to mass ratio, insulin, glucose, or insulin to glucose ratios. The highest cholesterol levels, however, occurred in the Garbage LL individuals, suggesting that susceptibility to hyperlipidemia is distinguishable from susceptibility to obesity and insulin resistance. The differences were not explained by age or social status. These results show that a subgroup of wild baboons is susceptible to developing obesity and insulin resistance and that this susceptibility is not related to age or social rank.
Persistent Brain Abnormalities in Antiretroviral-Naive HIV Patients 3 Months after Haart (2003)

The persistent brain abnormalities suggest ongoing repair or reactive inflammatory processes in the brain after 3 months of HAART. Regimens with two CSF-penetrating antiretroviral medications do not appear to be more effective than those with one CSF-penetrating drug in treating HIV brain injury at 3 months.
Foretinib (GSK1363089), an Orally Available Multikinase Inhibitor of c-Met and VEGFR-2, Blocks Proliferation, Induces Anoikis, and Impairs Ovarian Cancer Metastasis (2011)

This study shows that foretinib blocks tumorigenesis and reduces invasive tumor growth in different models of ovarian cancer by affecting several critical tumor functions. We believe that it provides a rationale for the further clinical development of foretinib for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Follow‐up in Children With Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis After Partial External Biliary Diversion (2010)

Biliary diversion should be regarded as the first choice of surgical treatment in noncirrhotic patients with severe ABCB11 disease and may also be efficacious in other forms of PFIC.
In vivo association of Grb2 with pp116, a substrate of the T cell antigen receptor-activated protein tyrosine kinase. (1994)

Numerous recent studies have implicated the src homology 2 and 3 domain-containing protein, Grb2, in coupling protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathways with the Ras signaling pathway. Ligation of the T cell antigen receptor results in the activation of both a PTK, and Ras; therefore, we investigated whether Grb2 may serve a similar function in T cells. Here we report that a GST/Grb2 fusion protein associates with several tyrosine phosphoproteins from lysates of T cell antigen receptor-stimulated Jurkat T cells. Two of these proteins, pp36 and pp116, bind to the Grb2 fusion protein with high affinity. Through the use of mutated Grb2 fusion proteins, we demonstrate that pp116 binds the amino-terminal src homology 3 domain of Grb2, the same domain of Grb2 thought to be primarily responsible for its interaction with SOS. We demonstrate further that pp116 associates with Grb2 in vivo, and we provide evidence that in the Jurkat T cell line Grb2 may exist complexed with either pp116 or with SOS.
Purification and characterization of three types of protein kinase C from rabbit brain cytosol. (1987)

Three types of protein kinase C were purified from rabbit brain cytosol. Each type has a molecular mass of approximately 80 kDa and serves as a receptor for phorbol esters. Polyclonal antibodies produced to two protein kinase C types were relatively type-specific, indicating that these proteins have unique antigenic determinants. We, therefore, characterized the enzymatic activities to determine if these proteins also had distinct biochemical properties. Type 1 protein kinase C was relatively less Ca2+-dependent than types 2 and 3. The addition of Ca2+ increased Vmax approximately 40% for type 1,600% for type 2, and 1400% for type 3 as compared to the Vmax measured at lower Ca2+ conditions. These results suggest that differences in primary structure can confer type-specific biochemical properties, and this in turn may provide the basis for protein kinase C type-specific stimulus-response coupling.
The effect of hyperkalaemia on cardiac rhythm devices (2014)

In patients with pacemakers, hyperkalaemia causes three important abnormalities that usually become manifest when the K level exceeds 7 mEq/L: (i) widening of the paced QRS complex from delayed intraventricular conduction velocity, (ii) Increased atrial and ventricular pacing thresholds that may cause failure to capture. In this respect, the atria are more susceptible to loss of capture than the ventricles, and (iii) Increased latency (usually with ventricular pacing) manifested by a greater delay of the interval from the pacemaker stimulus to the onset of depolarization. First-degree ventricular pacemaker exit block may progress to second-degree Wenckebach (type I) exit block characterized by gradual prolongation of the interval from the pacemaker stimulus to the onset of the paced QRS complex ultimately resulting in an ineffectual stimulus. The disturbance may then progress to 2 : 1, 3 : 1 pacemaker exit block, etc., and eventually to complete exit block with total lack of capture. Ventricular undersensing is uncommonly observed because of frequent antibradycardia pacing. During managed ventricular pacing, hyperkalaemia-induced marked first-degree atrioventricular block may induce a pacemaker syndrome. With implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) oversensing of the paced or spontaneous T-wave may occur. The latter may cause inappropriate shocks. A raised impedance from the right ventricular coil to the superior vena cava coil may become an important sign of hyperkalaemia in the asymptomatic or the minimally symptomatic ICD patient.
LIQUID FUEL PRODUCTION FROM ETHANOL FERMENTATION STILLAGE (1986)

Abstract Liquid fuel was directly produced from ethanol fermentation stillage. When stillage was treated with sodium carbonate under pressure of nitrogen at 300 °C, oily products separable from an aqueous phase were obtained. The yield of heavy oil having a heating value of 35 MJ/kg attained about 50% and the energy recovery of heavy oil exceeded 75% of starting material.
Daily or Weekly Therapy with Resiquimod (R‐848) Reduces Genital Recurrences in Herpes Simplex Virus–Infected Guinea Pigs during and after Treatment (2001)

The effect of resiquimod (R-848), an immune-response modifier that is similar to imiquimod, on recurrent herpes simplex virus (HSV) was evaluated using the guinea pig model of genital herpes. Guinea pigs were intravaginally infected with HSV-2 and then were randomized on day 14 to receive nothing or 0.1 mL/kg per dose of subcutaneous resiquimod, given either daily, every other day, or weekly from days 15-35. During a 3-week course of therapy, recurrences in all 3 treated groups were reduced by >80%, compared with the control group. After therapy, recurrences remained significantly (P<.05) decreased in all 3 groups for the next 3 weeks. The group treated weekly developed the fewest recurrences. Significant increases in interleukin-2 levels, produced by incubation of mononuclear cells with HSV-2 antigens, but not in circulating antibody also were detected in the treated groups. Resiquimod treatment may offer significant advantages to present antiviral therapies for the control of recurrent genital herpes.
Intestinal Perforation by a Fish Bone Causing an Abscess: Report of Two Cases (2006)

The incidence of abscess complicating a gastrointestinal foreign body is unknown, but the condition appears to be relatively rare. We report two cases of intestinal perforation by a fish bone that resulted in an abscess. Both patients, who presented with intermittent abdominal pain, were at high risk for accidental foreign body ingestion as one abused alcohol and the other was elderly. Neither remembered swallowing a fish bone. Abdominal x-rays were unhelpful in the diagnosis, but abdominal CT scans demonstrated a sharp foreign body in both cases. Both patients underwent laparotomy and were found to have abscesses. This is a rare complication of fish bone ingestion, a possibility worth remembering when a patient presents with unexplained abdominal pain.
Glucose measurements and clinical correlations (1973)

Various methods for glucose analysis of whole blood and plasma are currently utilized and the clinician should be familiar with them when interpreting a glucose value. Three methods of glucose analysis of whole blood and plasma have been evaluated: Somogyi-Nelson, hexokinase, and copper reduction. Linear regression equations were derived and statistical evaluation by analysis of variance revealed highly significant results. Plasma glucose as measured by the copper reduction technique is approximately 17% higher than whole blood glucose measured by the Somogyi-Nelson method. A consistent 5-mg/deciliter difference in plasma glucose was present between the two plasma glucose procedures, the enzymatic method, and the copper reduction method.
New strategy for overcoming resistance to chemotherapy of ovarian cancer. (2013)

The future research in this field will enable to develop an effective strategy for conquest of chemoresistance in ovarian cancer.
Automated MAD and MIR structure solution (1999)

Obtaining an electron-density map from X-ray diffraction data can be difficult and time-consuming even after the data have been collected, largely because MIR and MAD structure determinations currently require many subjective evaluations of the qualities of trial heavy-atom partial structures before a correct heavy-atom solution is obtained. A set of criteria for evaluating the quality of heavy-atom partial solutions in macromolecular crystallography have been developed. These have allowed the conversion of the crystal structure-solution process into an optimization problem and have allowed its automation. The SOLVE software has been used to solve MAD data sets with as many as 52 selenium sites in the asymmetric unit. The automated structure-solution process developed is a major step towards the fully automated structure-determination, model-building and refinement procedure which is needed for genomic scale structure determinations.
Thermally Cross-Linked Oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) Hydrogels Support Osteogenic Differentiation of Encapsulated Marrow Stromal Cells In Vitro (2003)

A novel polymer, oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) (OPF), cross-linked with a thermal radical initiation system has recently been developed in our laboratory as an injectable, biodegradable cell carrier for regeneration of orthopaedic tissues. The cross-linking, swelling, and degradative properties of hydrogels prepared from OPF with poly(ethylene glycol) of two different chain lengths were assessed. The two OPF types had similar gelation onset times ( approximately 3.6 min) but, when cross-linked for 8 min at 37 degrees C, exhibited significantly different swelling characteristics (fold swelling: 17.5 +/- 0.2 vs 13.4 +/- 0.4). Rat marrow stromal cells (MSCs) were then directly combined with the hydrogel precursors and encapsulated in a model OPF formulation at approximately 14 million cells/mL, cultured in vitro in the presence of osteogenic supplements (dexamethasone), and monitored over 28 days via histology. MSC differentiation in these samples (6 mm diameter x 0.5 mm thick before swelling), as determined by Von Kossa staining for calcified matrix, was apparent by day 21. At day 28, mineralized matrix could be seen throughout the samples, many microns away from the cells. These experiments strongly support the usefulness of thermally cross-linked OPF hydrogels as injectable cell carriers for bone regeneration.
Smooth sensitivity and sampling in private data analysis (2007)

We introduce a new, generic framework for private data analysis.The goal of private data analysis is to release aggregate information about a data set while protecting the privacy of the individuals whose information the data set contains.Our framework allows one to release functions f of the data withinstance-based additive noise. That is, the noise magnitude is determined not only by the function we want to release, but also bythe database itself. One of the challenges is to ensure that the noise magnitude does not leak information about the database. To address that, we calibrate the noise magnitude to the smoothsensitivity of f on the database x --- a measure of variabilityof f in the neighborhood of the instance x. The new frameworkgreatly expands the applicability of output perturbation, a technique for protecting individuals' privacy by adding a smallamount of random noise to the released statistics. To our knowledge, this is the first formal analysis of the effect of instance-basednoise in the context of data privacy.
Mutations in PMR5 result in powdery mildew resistance and altered cell wall composition (2004)

Powdery mildews and other obligate biotrophic pathogens are highly adapted to their hosts and often show limited host ranges. One facet of such host specialization is likely to be penetration of the host cell wall, a major barrier to infection. A mutation in the pmr5 gene rendered Arabidopsis resistant to the powdery mildew species Erysiphe cichoracearum and Erysiphe orontii, but not to the unrelated pathogens Pseudomonas syringae or Peronospora parasitica. PMR5 belongs to a large family of plant-specific genes of unknown function. pmr5-mediated resistance did not require signaling through either the salicylic acid or jasmonic acid/ethylene defense pathways, suggesting resistance in this mutant may be due either to the loss of a susceptibility factor or to the activation of a novel form of defense. Based on Fourier transform infrared analysis, the pmr5 cell walls were enriched in pectin and exhibited a reduced degree of pectin modification relative to wild-type cell walls. In addition, the mutant had smaller cells, suggesting a defect in cell expansion. A double mutant with pmr6 (defective in a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored pectate lyase-like gene) exhibited a strong increase in total uronic acid content and a more severe reduction in size, relative to the single mutants, suggesting that the two genes affect pectin composition, either directly or indirectly, via different mechanisms. These two mutants highlight the importance of the host cell wall in plant-microbe interactions.
Metabolism and disposition of N,N‐dimethyltryptamine and harmala alkaloids after oral administration of ayahuasca (2012)

Ayahuasca is an Amazonian psychotropic plant tea obtained from Banisteriopsis caapi, which contains β-carboline alkaloids, chiefly harmine, harmaline and tetrahydroharmine. The tea usually incorporates the leaves of Psychotria viridis or Diplopterys cabrerana, which are rich in N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), a psychedelic 5-HT(2A/1A/2C) agonist. The β-carbolines reversibly inhibit monoamine-oxidase (MAO), effectively preventing oxidative deamination of the orally labile DMT and allowing its absorption and access to the central nervous system. Despite increased use of the tea worldwide, the metabolism and excretion of DMT and the β-carbolines has not been studied systematically in humans following ingestion of ayahuasca. In the present work, we used an analytical method involving high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/electrospray ionization (ESI)/selected reaction monitoring (SRM)/tandem mass spectrometry(MS/MS) to characterize the metabolism and disposition of ayahuasca alkaloids in humans. Twenty-four-hour urine samples were obtained from 10 healthy male volunteers following administration of an oral dose of encapsulated freeze-dried ayahuasca (1.0 mg DMT/kg body weight). Results showed that less than 1% of the administered DMT dose was excreted unchanged. Around 50% was recovered as indole-3-acetic acid but also as DMT-N-oxide (10%) and other MAO-independent compounds. Recovery of DMT plus metabolites reached 68%. Harmol, harmalol, and tetrahydroharmol conjugates were abundant in urine. However, recoveries of each harmala alkaloid plus its O-demethylated metabolite varied greatly between 9 and 65%. The present results show the existence in humans of alternative metabolic routes for DMT other than biotransformation by MAO. Also that O-demethylation plus conjugation is an important but probably not the only metabolic route for the harmala alkaloids in humans.