gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soft Antibacterial Agents (2003)

Hard drugs have been defined as drugs that are biologically active and non-metabolizable in vivo. Soft drugs are defined as drugs, which are characterized by predictable and controllable in vivo destruction (i.e. metabolism) to form non-toxic products after they have achieved their therapeutic role. Quaternary ammonium compounds, such as benzalkonium chloride, are hard antibacterial agents. Their toxicity limits their usage in humans and animals, and their chemical stability limits their usage for general environmental sanitation. Furthermore, due to their stability they are prone to induce selective antimicrobial pressure and bacterial resistance. Soft analogs of the currently available hard antibacterial agents are less toxic. However, although the soft analogs have been shown to possess antibacterial activity in in vitro studies, it is likely that their in vivo activity will be hampered by their chemical instability.
Hemoglobin contrast in magnetomotive optical Doppler tomography (2006)

We introduce a novel contrast mechanism for imaging blood flow by use of magnetomotive optical Doppler tomography (MM-ODT), which combines an externally applied temporally oscillating high-strength magnetic field with ODT to detect erythrocytes moving according to the field gradient. Hemoglobin contrast was demonstrated in a capillary tube filled with moving blood by imaging the Doppler frequency shift, which was observed independently of blood flow rate and direction. Results suggest that MM-ODT may be a promising technique with which to image blood flow.
Shape Deposition Manufacturing of Wearable Computers (2018)

Shape Deposition Manufacturing (SDM) is a solid freefrom fabrication methodology which&#13;\ncan fabricate heterogeneous structures, i.e., multi-material structures with embedded components.&#13;\nOne application is to build-up electromechanical devices such as conformally shaped computer&#13;\npackages with embedded electronics. The goal is to be able to quickly design and manufacture, in&#13;\nsmall lots, personalized, rugged units for specialized applications. One example, which is&#13;\ndescribed in this paper, is the manufacture of an underwater computer, the 'Frogman', which is&#13;\nbuilt-up in layers of polyurethane.
Elicitation of primary anti‐Sendai virus cytotoxic T lymphocytes with purified viral glycoproteins (1980)

The requirement of integration of viral proteins into cell surface membranes of host cells for elicitation of anti-Sendai virus (SV) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) has been investigated. The purified hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) glycoproteins of SV incorporated into phospholipid vesicles was used to analyze this question. Phospholipid vesicles possessing an active HN and F glycoprotein were capable of eliciting both anti-SV CTL and antibodies. However, the incorporation of an inactive F glycoprotein into HN-containing vesicles or its absence from such vesicles resulted in stimulation of only anti-SV antibodies and not anti-SV CTL.
A new chemical probe for the detection of the cancer-linked galectin-3 (2006)

A chemical probe was developed for the detection of the emerging cancer marker galectin-3. The probe contains a benzophenone moiety which covalently attaches itself to the protein upon binding and irradiation. Introduction of a fluorescent label via'click' chemistry allows the labelled proteins to be visualized in a gel. With the probe, selective visualization of galectin-3 in protein mixtures was shown and remarkably even in cell lysates.
Paracrine Actions Of Growth Differentiation Factor-9 in the Mammalian Ovary (1999)

Although the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily is the largest family of secreted growth factors, surprisingly few downstream target genes in their signaling pathways have been identified. Likewise, the identities of oocyte-derived secreted factors, which regulate important oocyte-somatic cell interactions, remain largely unknown. For example, oocytes are known to secrete paracrine growth factor(s) which are necessary for cumulus expansion, induction of hyaluronic acid synthesis, and suppression of LH receptor (LHR) mRNA synthesis. Our previous studies demonstrated that absence of the TGF-beta family member, growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF-9), blocks ovarian folliculogenesis at the primary follicle stage leading to infertility. In the present study, we demonstrate that mouse GDF-9 protein is expressed in all oocytes beginning at the type 3a follicle stage including antral follicles. To explore the biological functions of GDF-9 in the later stages of folliculogenesis and cumulus expansion, we produced mature, glycosylated, recombinant mouse GDF-9 using a Chinese hamster ovary cell expression system. A granulosa cell culture system was established to determine the role of GDF-9 in the regulation of several key ovarian gene products using semiquantitative RT-PCR. We find that recombinant GDF-9 induces hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and steroidogenic acute regulator protein (StAR) mRNA synthesis but suppresses urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and LHR mRNA synthesis. Consistent with the induction of StAR mRNA by GDF-9, recombinant GDF-9 increases granulosa cell progesterone synthesis in the absence of FSH. Since induction of HAS2 and suppression of the protease uPA in cumulus cells are key events in the production of the hyaluronic acid-rich extracellular matrix which is produced during cumulus expansion, we determined whether GDF-9 could mimic this process. Using oocytectomized cumulus cell-oocyte complexes, we show that recombinant GDF-9 induces cumulus expansion in vitro. These studies demonstrate that GDF-9 can bind to receptors on granulosa cells to regulate the expression of a number of gene products. Thus, in addition to playing a critical function as a growth and differentiation factor during early folliculogenesis, GDF-9 functions as an oocyte-secreted paracrine factor to regulate several key granulosa cell enzymes involved in cumulus expansion and maintenance of an optimal oocyte microenvironment, processes which are essential for normal ovulation, fertilization, and female reproduction.
Blind Calibration of Timing Offsets for Four-Channel Time-Interleaved ADCs (2007)

In this paper, we describe a blind calibration method for timing mismatches in a four-channel time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The proposed method requires that the input signal should be slightly oversampled. This ensures that there exists a frequency band around the zero frequency where the Fourier transforms of the four ADC subchannels contain only three alias components, instead of four. Then the matrix power spectral density (PSD) of the ADC subchannels is rank deficient over this frequency band. Accordingly, when the timing offsets are known, we can construct a filter bank that nulls the vector signal at the ADC outputs. We employ a parametrization of this filter bank to develop an adaptive null steering algorithm for estimating the ADC timing offsets. The null steering filter bank employs seven fixed finite-impulse response filters and three unknown timing offset parameters which are estimated by using an adaptive stochastic gradient technique. A convergence analysis is presented for the blind calibration method. Numerical simulations for a bandlimited white noise input and for inputs containing several sinusoidal components demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique
Automatic Transmission Systems for Television (1978)

It is expected that the FCC will soon authorize the use of automatic transmission systems for television. A microprocessor-based automatic transmitter controller is the heart of such a system. Expected provisions of the coming regulations include: (1) automatic monitoring and control of aural and visual rf output power, aural modulation level, and several visual modulation parameters; (2) automatic shutdown in the event of equipment failure (fail-safe provision); and (3) absolute executive on/off control from an attended monitoring/alarm site. A block diagram of an automatic transmission system is given, and a comparison is made of the VIR and VIT waveforms for facilitating reference measurements. Possible future developments are considered.
An 11 base pair duplication in exon 6 of the SMN gene produces a type I spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) phenotype: further evidence for SMN as the primary SMA-determining gene (1996)

The gene for autosomal recessive spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) has been mapped to 5q12 in a region that contains repeated markers and genes. Three cDNAs that detect deletions in SMA patients have been reported. One of these, the survival motor neuron (SMN) cDNA, is encoded by two genes (SMNT and SMNC) which are distinguished by base changes in exons 7 and 8. Exon 7 of the SMNT gene is not detectable in approximately 95% of SMA cases, due either to deletion or sequence conversion. There is limited information on the mutations in SMA patients that have detectable SMNT, these are critical for confirmation of SMNT as the SMA gene. Using SSCP analysis of the SMN exons we screened our SMA patients that possess at least one intact SMNT allele for mutations in SMNT. We identified one type I SMA patient with an 11 bp duplication in exon 6 which causes a frameshift and premature termination of the deduced SMNT protein. Dosage and SSCP analysis of SMNT in this family indicated that the father contributed a SMNT-deleted allele to the affected child whereas the mother passed on the 11 bp exon 6 duplication SMNT allele. Analysis of RNA by RT-PCR conclusively demonstrated that the 11 bp duplication is associated with the SMNT locus and not SMNC. This mutation provides strong support for SMN as the SMA-determining gene and indicates that disruption of SMNT on its own is sufficient to produce a severe type I SMA phenotype.
Persistent currents in the presence of a transport current (1995)

We have considered a system of a metallic ring coupled to two electron reservoirs. We show that in the presence of a transport current, the persistent current can flow in a ring, even in the absence of a magnetic field. This is purely a quantum effect and is related to the current magnification in the loop. These persistent currents can be observed if one tunes the Fermi energy near the antiresonances of the total transmission coefficient or the two-port conductance.
Efficacy of dried whey and its lactalbumin and lactose components at two dietary lysine levels on postweaning pig performance and nitrogen balance (1992)

Two experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of lactalbumin and lactose components of dried whey on gain and feed performance responses and N retention of weanling swine. In Exp. 1, a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement of treatments in a randomized complete block design in seven replicates was used to evaluate the efficacy of two dietary lysine levels (.90 and 1.30%) in 1) a corn-soybean meal (C-SBM) mixture, 2) C-SBM and 20% dried whey (C-SBM-DW), or the dried whey component replaced with 3 lactalbumin and cornstarch, 4) lactose and an amino acid mixture, or 5) the combination of lactalbumin and lactose. A total of 420 pigs weaned at 23 +/- 2 d of age, weighing an average of 6.87 kg BW, were used in a 3-wk experiment. Experiment 2 was a balance trial conducted as a 3 x 2 x 3 factorial arrangement in a split-plot design in three replicates. The negative (i.e., C-SBM) and positive (i.e., C-SBM-DS) control diets and the C-SBM-lactalbumin-cornstarch diets at the two lysine levels of Exp. 1 were the main plots, each evaluated for a 3-wk postweaning period. Growth rate (P less than .05), feed intake (P less than .01), N retention (P less than .01), and apparent N digestibility (P less than .05) were increased when pigs were fed the C-SBM-DW compared with the C-SBM diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Modulation of cellular immune response against hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 3 by cationic liposome encapsulated DNA immunization (2003)

A vaccine strategy directed to increase Th1 cellular immune responses, particularly to hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 3 (NS3), has considerable potential to overcome the infection with HCV. DNA vaccination can induce both humoral and cellular immune responses, but it became apparent that the cellular uptake of naked DNA injected into muscle was not very efficient, as much of the DNA is degraded by interstitial nucleases before it reaches the nucleus for transcription. In this paper, cationic liposomes composed of different cationic lipids, such as dimethyl-dioctadecylammonium bromide (DDAB), 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP), or 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-ethylphosphocholine (DOEPC), were used to improve DNA immunization in mice, and their efficiencies were compared. It was found that cationic liposome-mediated DNA immunization induced stronger HCV NS3-specific immune responses than immunization with naked DNA alone. Cationic liposomes composed of DDAB and equimolar of a neutral lipid, egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (EPC), induced the strongest antigen-specific Th1 type immune responses among the cationic liposome investigated, whereas the liposomes composed of 2 cationic lipids, DDAB and DOEPC, induced an antigen-specific Th2 type immune response. All cationic liposomes used in this study triggered high-level, nonspecific IL-12 production in mice, a feature important for the development of maximum Th1 immune responses. In conclusion, the cationic liposome-mediated gene delivery is a viable HCV vaccine strategy that should be further tested in the chimpanzee model.
A palmitoleic acid ester concentrate from seabuckthorn pomace (2004)

Abstract The pomace from seabuckthorn juice production is generally considered waste. In this work it was utilized as a raw material for the production of a palmitoleic acid ( cis ‐Δ9‐C16) methyl ester concentrate. The raw material contains only about 15% palmitoleic acid in its oil. Concentration steps are air classifying (to remove the seeds, which do not contain valuable amounts of palmitoleic acid), transesterification, and distillation (to obtain a C16 fraction) and finally urea adduct crystallization (to remove saturates). A product containing of 82% palmitoleic acid methyl ester was obtained without using any methods unsuitable for technical application. Such a concentrate is not yet available on the market. For comparison macadamia nut oil was also used as a starting material, but regarding both economy and product quality seabuckthorn pomace is the superior raw material base.
Simulating facial surgery using finite element models (1996)

This paper describes a prototype system for surgical planning and prediction of human facial shape after craniofacial and maxillofacial surgery for patients with facial deformities. For this purpose it combines, unifies, and extends various methods from geometric modeling, finite element analysis, and image processing to render highly realistic 3D images of the post surgical situation. The basic concept of the system is to join advanced geometric modeling and animation systems such as Alias with a special purpose finite element model of the human face developed under AVS. In contrast to existing facial models we acquire facial surface and soft tissue data both from photogrammetric and CT scans of the individual. After initial data preprocessing, reconstruction, and registration, a finite element model of the facial surface and soft tissue is provided which is based on triangular finite elements. Stiffness parameters of the soft tissue are computed using segmentations of the underlying CT data. All interactive procedures such as bone and soft tissue repositioning are performed under the guidance of the modeling system which feeds the processed geometry into the FEM solver. The resulting shape is generated from minimizing the global energy of the surface under the presence of external forces. Photorealistic pictures are obtained from rendering the facial surface with the advanced animation system on which this prototype is built.
Chemical Effects of a High CO2 Concentration in Oxy-Fuel Combustion of Methane (2007)

The oxidation of methane in an atmospheric-pressure flow reactor has been studied experimentally under highly diluted conditions in N2 and CO2, respectively. The stoichiometry was varied from fuel-lean to fuel-rich, and the temperatures covered the range 1200–1800 K. The results were interpreted in terms of a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism for hydrocarbon oxidation. On the basis of results of the present study, it can be expected that oxy-fuel combustion will lead to strongly increased CO concentrations in the near-burner region. The CO2 present will compete with O2 for atomic hydrogen and lead to formation of CO through the reaction CO2 + H ⇌ CO + OH. Reactions of CO2 with hydrocarbon radicals may also contribute to CO formation. The most important steps are those of singlet and triplet CH2 with CO2, while other radicals such as CH3 and CH are less important for consuming CO2. The high local CO levels may have implications for near-burner corrosion and slagging, but increased problems with CO emission in oxy-fuel combustion are not anticipated.
Quantum size effect in two-photon excited luminescence from silver nanoparticles (2004)

A direct manifestation of electron energy quantization in metal nanoparticles is observed in two-photon excited luminescence. Experiments reveal the discrete spectra in broadband anti-Stokes photoluminescence from aggregates of silver colloid particles. A theory based on a spherical quantum-well model for metal nanoparticles is in good agreement with experimental observations.
Design of two-dimensional polarization-selective diffractive optical elements with form-birefringent microstructures (2004)

We describe a design methodology for synthesizing polarization-sensitive diffractive optical elements based on two-dimensional form-birefringent microstructures. Our technique yields a single binary element capable of producing independent phase transformations for horizontally and vertically polarized illumination. We designed two elements for operation at 10.6 microm and fabricated them in silicon. Qualitative experimental results agree with design predictions.
The structure of human platelet thrombospondin. (1985)

Two distinct murine monoclonal antibodies, designated MA-I and MA-II, and limited proteolysis with thrombin and trypsin have been used to probe the structure of human platelet thrombospondin. The results indicate that each of the constituent chains of thrombospondin comprise four distinct polypeptide segments. The production of these segments is influenced by the presence of calcium, the enzyme employed, the temperature of digestion, and the enzyme-to-substrate ratio. Thrombin digestion in the presence of calcium results in the release of a 30,000-dalton fragment, designated segment I, which contains the epitope for MA-II and the heparin-binding site. Prior EDTA treatment results in the concomitant cleavage of a 25,000-dalton fragment, designated segment IV, from the other terminus. Limited tryptic digestion in the absence of calcium produces a 47,000-dalton fragment (segment III) which is adjacent to segment IV. Segment III contains the epitope for MA-I. Segment II is an 85,000-dalton fragment which contains the interchain disulfide bonds. Calcium inhibits proteolysis at cleavage sites between segments II and III and between segments III and IV. In the presence of calcium, an 85,000-dalton fragment is produced, which is derived from portions of segments II, III, and possibly IV. Electron microscopy of platinum replicas produced by low angle rotary shadowing reveals that thrombospondin is composed of four well-defined globular regions connected by thin flexible regions. Three of the globular regions, designated globular region C, appear to be at the ends of the three thin connecting regions. The fourth globular region, designated globular region N, appears to be close to the site where the chains are cross-linked. Globular region N can be resolved into three separate smaller globular structures which are 70 +/- 7.1 A in diameter. This region is selectively removed by thrombin digestion in the presence of calcium and binds a monoclonal antibody directed against the heparin-binding peptides. These data indicate that globular region N comprises the three NH2-terminal portions (segment I) from each of the three chains of thrombospondin. Globular region C is located at the ends of each of the three thin connecting regions which are each approximately 291 +/- 46 A long. The removal of calcium results in a decrease in the size of globular region C from 118 +/- 18.6 A to 80 +/- 7.4 A and an increase in the length of the adjacent thin connecting region to 383 +/- 30 A.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Ligand-dependent Notch Signaling Is Involved in Tumor Initiation and Tumor Maintenance in Pancreatic Cancer (2009)

Our studies confirm that Notch activation is almost always ligand dependent in pancreatic cancer, and inhibition of Notch signaling is a promising therapeutic strategy in this malignancy.
Ni-Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition of Grignard Reagents to Unsaturated Cyclic Acetals. The Influence of Added Phosphine on Enantioselectivity (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTNi-Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition of Grignard Reagents to Unsaturated Cyclic Acetals. The Influence of Added Phosphine on EnantioselectivityEnrique Gomez-Bengoa, Nicola M. Heron, Mary T. Didiuk, Courtney A. Luchaco, and Amir H. HoveydaView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02167 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 30, 7649–7650Publication Date (Web):July 15, 1998Publication History Received16 February 1998Published online15 July 1998Published inissue 1 August 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja980499lhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja980499lrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2021Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Ethers,Group 15 compounds,Reagents,Selectivity,Stereoselectivity Get e-Alerts