gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ecdysone receptor expression in the CNS correlates with stage-specific responses to ecdysteroids during Drosophila and Manduca development (1994)

In insects, the ecdysteroids act to transform the CNS from its larval to its adult form. A key gene in this response is the ecdysone receptor (EcR), which has been shown in Drosophila to code for 3 protein isoforms. Two of these isoforms, EcR-A and EcR-B1, are prominently expressed in the CNS and we have used isoform-specific antibodies to examine their fluctuations through postembryonic life. EcR expression at the onset of metamorphosis is extremely diverse but specific patterns of EcR expression correlate with distinct patterns of steroid response. Most larval neurons show high levels of EcR-B1 at the start of metamorphosis, a time when they lose larval features in response to ecdysteroids. Earlier, during the larval molts, the same cells have no detectable receptors and show no response to circulating ecdysteroids; later, during the pupal-adult transformation, they switch to EcR-A expression and respond by maturing to their adult form. During the latter period, a subset of the larval neurons hyperexpress EcR-A and these cells are fated to die after the emergence of the adult. The stem cells for the imaginal neurons show prominent EcR-B1 expression during the last larval stage correlated with their main proliferative period. Most imaginal neurons, by contrast, express only EcR-A when they subsequently initiate maturation at the start of metamorphosis. The imaginal neurons of the mushroom bodies are unusual amongst imaginal neurons in expressing the B1 isoform at the start of metamorphosis but they also show regressive changes at this time as they lose their larval axons. Imaginal neurons of the optic lobe show a delayed expression of EcR-B1 through the period when cell-cell interactions are important for establishing connections within this region of the CNS. Overall, the appearance of the two receptor isoforms in cells correlates with different types of steroid responses: EcR-A predominates when cells are undergoing maturational responses whereas EcR-B1 predominates during proliferative activity or regressive responses. The heterogeneity of EcR expression at the start of metamorphosis presumably reflects the diverse origins and requirements of the neurons that nevertheless are all exposed to a common hormonal signal.
NF-κB in neuronal plasticity and neurodegenerative disorders (2001)

NF-B is widely known for its ubiquitous roles in inflammation and immune responses, as well as in control of cell division and apoptosis. These roles are apparent in the nervous system, but neurons and their neighboring cells employ the NF-B pathway for distinctive functions as well, ranging from development to the coordination of cellular responses to injury of the nervous system and to brain-specific processes such as the synaptic signaling that underlies learning and memory. Here we discuss the regulation of NF-B activity by neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors and the physiological and pathological effects of NF-B activation in neurons and glial cells. Based on work in animal models, it appears that manipulation of NF-B signaling may prove valuable in treating such conditions as ischemic stroke, physical trauma to the brain or spinal cord, and neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
Genetic and antigenic diversity among noroviruses (2006)

Human norovirus (NoV) strains cause a considerable number of outbreaks of gastroenteritis worldwide. Based on their capsid gene (VP1) sequence, human NoV strains can be grouped into two genogroups (GI and GII) and at least 14 GI and 17 GII genotypes (GI/1-14 and GII/1-17). Human NoV strains cannot be propagated in cell-culture systems, but expression of recombinant VP1 in insect cells results in the formation of virus-like particles (VLPs). In order to understand NoV antigenic relationships better, cross-reactivity among 26 different NoV VLPs was analysed. Phylogenetic analyses grouped these NoV strains into six GI and 12 GII genotypes. An antibody ELISA using polyclonal antisera raised against these VLPs was used to determine cross-reactivity. Antisera reacted strongly with homologous VLPs; however, a number of novel cross-reactivities among different genotypes was observed. For example, GI/11 antiserum showed a broad-range cross-reactivity, detecting two GI and 10 GII genotypes. Likewise, GII/1, GII/10 and GII/12 antisera showed a broad-range cross-reactivity, detecting several other distinct GII genotypes. Alignment of VP1 amino acid sequences suggested that these broad-range cross-reactivities were due to conserved amino acid residues located within the shell and/or P1-1 domains. However, unusual cross-reactivities among different GII/3 antisera were found, with the results indicating that both conserved amino acid residues and VP1 secondary structures influence antigenicity.
A WKYMVm-Containing Combination Elicits Potent Anti-Tumor Activity in Heterotopic Cancer Animal Model (2012)

The development of efficient anti-cancer therapy has been a topic of intense interest for several decades. Combined administration of certain molecules and immune cells has been shown to be an effective form of anti-cancer therapy. Here, we examined the effects of administering an immune stimulating peptide (WKYMVm), 5-fluoro-uracil (5-FU), and mature dendritic cells (mDCs) against heterotopic cancer animal model. Administration of the triple combination strongly reduced tumor volume in CT-26-inoculated heterotopic cancer animal model. The induced anti-tumor activity was well correlated with FAS expression, caspase-3 activation, and cancer cell apoptosis. The triple combination treatment caused recruitment of CD8 T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells into the tumor. The production of two cytokines, IFN-γ and IL-12, were strongly stimulated by administration of the triple combination. Depletion of CD8 T lymphocytes or NK cells by administration of anti-CD8 or anti-asialoGM1 antibody inhibited the anti-tumor activity and cytokine production of the triple combination. The triple combination strongly inhibited metastasis of colon cancer cells in a heterotopic cancer animal model as well as in a metastatic cancer animal model, and enhanced the survival rate of the mice model. Adoptive transfer of CD8 T lymphocytes and NK cells further increased the survival rate. Taken together, we suggest that the use of triple combination therapy of WKYMVm, 5-FU, and mDCs may have implications in solid tumor and metastasis treatment.
A Comparison of the Terminal Protein and Hexon Polypeptides of Avian and Human Adenoviruses (1983)

It was found that the virion terminal protein of chick embryo lethal orphan (CELO) virus had a molecular weight of 46,000, and the hexon a molecular weight of 100,000. 125I-labelled tryptic and chymotryptic peptide maps of the hexons and terminal proteins from CELO virus and human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) differed. However, limited proteolysis of CELO virus and Ad5 terminal proteins by protease V8 showed similarities which were not detected in the case of the two hexons.
High-performance transition metal–doped Pt 3 Ni octahedra for oxygen reduction reaction (2015)

Bimetallic platinum-nickel (Pt-Ni) nanostructures represent an emerging class of electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells, but practical applications have been limited by catalytic activity and durability. We surface-doped Pt3Ni octahedra supported on carbon with transition metals, termed M-Pt3Ni/C, where M is vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, molybdenum (Mo), tungsten, or rhenium. The Mo-Pt3Ni/C showed the best ORR performance, with a specific activity of 10.3 mA/cm(2) and mass activity of 6.98 A/mg(Pt), which are 81- and 73-fold enhancements compared with the commercial Pt/C catalyst (0.127 mA/cm(2) and 0.096 A/mg(Pt)). Theoretical calculations suggest that Mo prefers subsurface positions near the particle edges in vacuum and surface vertex/edge sites in oxidizing conditions, where it enhances both the performance and the stability of the Pt3Ni catalyst.
Sliding modes applications in power electronics and motion control systems (2003)

This paper deals with basic concepts, design aspects and application to power electronics and motion control systems of sliding mode control (SMC) systems. The salient features of the variable structure systems (VSS) with sliding modes are order reduction, decoupling design procedure, insensitivity in plant parameter changes and disturbances rejection. Simple implementation makes concepts of sliding mode control very attractive in power electronics and motion control systems.
A Novel Implementation of Watershed Transform Using Multi-Degree Immersion Simulation (2005)

A novel implementation of watershed transform using a multi-degree immersion simulation is presented in this paper. The method is based on the improvement of traditional watershed by simulating immersion, which is originally proposed by Vincent & Soille in 1991. By changing the simulation procedure to multi-degree, which means the flood step is different on each degree of intensity, the proposed implementation resists the over segmentation problem effectively. After conducting a comparison of both the computing time and memory cost between the proposed method and a topographical distance based implementation, we draw the conclusion that the presented implementation achieves more accurate result with lower cost.
Effect of the Different Foliage Spray on Camellia oleifera Abel Sapling Growth (2011)

[Objective]The experiment in the effect of foliage spray on improvement of Camellia oleifera Abel Sapling growth was conducted. [Method] The effect of the different formulas of the foliage such as gibberellic acid,KH2PO4 or urea and their combination on Camellia oleifera Abel Sapling was researched for the best formulas of foliage spray. [Results] The result showed that the different formulas of foliage had different effects on the Camellia oleifera Abel Sapling growth. The best formula of foliage spray for the upright growth of the Sapling caudexes was 0.02% of gibberellic acid + 0.30% of KH2PO4 + 0.30% of urea carbamide;the best formula of foliage spray for the leaf growth was 0.04% of gibberellic acid + 0.30% of KH2PO4 + 0.30% of urea;and the best formula of foliage spray for the strong stem growth was 0.06% of gibberellic acid + 0.10% of KH2PO4 + 0.50% of urea. Based on the all of indexes synthesized,the best formula of foliage spray for the Sapling growth was 0.04% or 0.06% of gibberellic acid + 0.30% of KH2PO4 + 0.30% of urea. [Conclusion]The experiment provided references for foliage spray of Camellia oleifera Abel.
Short-Term In-Vitro Expansion Improves Monitoring and Allows Affordable Generation of Virus-Specific T-Cells against Several Viruses for a Broad Clinical Application (2013)

Adenoviral infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in pediatric patients. Adoptive transfer of donor-derived human adenovirus (HAdV)-specific T-cells represents a promising treatment option. However, the difficulty in identifying and selecting rare HAdV-specific T-cells, and the short time span between patients at high risk for invasive infection and viremia are major limitations. We therefore developed an IL-15-driven 6 to 12 day short-term protocol for in vitro detection of HAdV-specific T cells, as revealed by known MHC class I multimers and a newly identified adenoviral CD8 T-cell epitope derived from the E1A protein for the frequent HLA-type A*02∶01 and IFN-γ. Using this novel and improved diagnostic approach we observed a correlation between adenoviral load and reconstitution of CD8(+) and CD4(+) HAdV-specific T-cells including central memory cells in HSCT-patients. Adaption of the 12-day protocol to good manufacturing practice conditions resulted in a 2.6-log (mean) expansion of HAdV-specific T-cells displaying high cytolytic activity (4-fold) compared to controls and low or absent alloreactivity. Similar protocols successfully identified and rapidly expanded CMV-, EBV-, and BKV-specific T-cells. Our approach provides a powerful clinical-grade convertible tool for rapid and cost-effective detection and enrichment of multiple virus-specific T-cells that may facilitate broad clinical application.
Long circulating nanoparticles via adhesion on red blood cells: mechanism and extended circulation. (2007)

Polymeric nanoparticles have long been sought after as carriers for systemic and targeted drug delivery. However, applications of nanoparticles are limited by their short in vivo circulation lifetimes. We report that by attaching polymeric nanoparticles to the surface of red blood cells, it is possible to dramatically improve their in vivo circulation lifetime. The particles remain in circulation as long as they remain attached to red blood cells. Particles eventually detach from red blood cells due to shear forces and cell-cell interactions and are subsequently cleared in the liver and spleen. Circulation of red blood cells themselves is not affected by particle attachment procedures. This manuscript reports an in depth analysis of the behavior of nanoparticles bound to red blood cells, especially their circulation characteristics, biodistribution, and mechanisms of clearance.
An Analytic Solution for the Force Between Two Magnetic Dipoles (1998)

An analytic equation describing the force between two magnetic dipoles is derived in this paper. We assumed that the dipole sizes are small compared to their separation. A Taylor expansion for the first non‐zero term was performed in order to derive the magnetic force analytic expression. Vector differential and path integral derivation approaches are used, and the same result is achieved with both methods. This force decreases with the fourth power of the distance between the dipoles. Accuracy estimates due to the Taylor approximation are given.
Behaviour of blastomere nuclei fused to mouse oocytes is affected by oocyte enucleation and age (1995)

The influence of oocyte age and presence of oocyte meiotic apparatus on the behaviour of introduced blastomere nuclei was evaluated. Blastomeres from 4-cell mouse embryos were fused to intact (metaphase II) oocytes, demi-oocytes (nucleate) or cytoplast (anucleate). Fusion and simultaneous activation of the recipient oocytes were accomplished by a single electrical pulse at 20 or 24 h post human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) administration. The hybrids were fixed for evaluation 2 h after fusion. There was no difference in the behaviour of blastomere nuclei in whole oocytes and demi-oocytes. Most nuclei fused to the nucleate recipients at 20 h underwent breakdown of nuclear membrane (NMBD), chromosome condensation and consequently proceeded to telophase, in parallel with the resident meiotic chromosomes. Following fusion to cytoplasts, only a small portion of the blastomere nuclei underwent chromosome condensation and the vast majority (83%) of the nuclei remained in interphase. The influence of oocyte age on nuclear behaviour was assessed in oocyte-blastomere hybrids prepared by simultaneous fusion and activation at 20 and 24 h post-hCG administration. The introduced nuclei proceeded to telophase in 63% of the hybrids constructed at 20 h, but in only 28% of those constructed at 24 h. We conclude that nuclei introduced into aged or enucleated oocytes at the time of activation are predominantly remodelled in their interphase configuration.
Engineering synthetic RNA devices for cell control (2022)

The versatility of RNA in sensing and interacting with small molecules, proteins and other nucleic acids while encoding genetic instructions for protein translation makes it a powerful substrate for engineering biological systems. RNA devices integrate cellular information sensing, processing and actuation of specific signals into defined functions and have yielded programmable biological systems and novel therapeutics of increasing sophistication. However, challenges centred on expanding the range of analytes that can be sensed and adding new mechanisms of action have hindered the full realization of the field's promise. Here, we describe recent advances that address these limitations and point to a significant maturation of synthetic RNA-based devices.
Bub1 and BubR1: at the Interface between Chromosome Attachment and the Spindle Checkpoint (2011)

The spindle checkpoint ensures genome fidelity by temporarily halting chromosome segregation and the ensuing mitotic exit until the last kinetochore is productively attached to the mitotic spindle. At the interface between proper chromosome attachment and the metaphase-to-anaphase transition are the mammalian spindle checkpoint kinases. Compelling evidence indicates that the checkpoint kinases Bub1 and BubR1 have the added task of regulating kinetochore-microtubule attachments. However, the debate on the requirement of kinase activity is in full swing. This minireview summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the core spindle checkpoint kinases Bub1 and BubR1 and considers evidence that supports and opposes the role of kinase activity in regulating their functions during mitosis.
Rapid photopolymerization of immunoprotective gels in contact with cells and tissue (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRapid photopolymerization of immunoprotective gels in contact with cells and tissueChandrashekhar P. Pathak, Amarpreet S. Sawhney, and Jeffrey A. HubbellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 21, 8311–8312Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00047a065https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00047a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views819Altmetric-Citations156LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The Molecular Basis of Thyroid Epithelial Tumorigenesis (2003)

Significant alterations in gene sequences, expression levels and protein structures have been associated with specific types of thyroid epithelial tumorigenesis. Recent revolutionary changes in molecular biology have spanned the disciplines of genomics and proteomics, which systematically generate and analyze the information about genomes, gene transcripts, proteins and their functions in a global, comprehensive manner. The application of these approaches will better discriminate between thyroid tumor subtypes that are not recognizable when traditional pathological criteria are used.
Functional assay for human CD4+CD25+ Treg cells reveals an age‐dependent loss of suppressive activity (2003)

CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) prevent T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases in rodents. To develop a functional Treg assay for human blood cells, we used FACS- or bead-sorted CD4+CD25+ T cells from healthy donors to inhibit anti-CD3/CD28 activation of CD4+CD25- indicator T cells. The data clearly demonstrated classical Treg suppression of CD4+CD25- indicator cells by both CD4+CD25(+high) and CD4+CD25(+low) T cells obtained by FACS or magnetic bead sorting. Suppressive activity was found in either CD45RO- (naive) or CD45RO+ (memory) subpopulations, was independent of the TCR signal strength, required cell-cell contact, and was reversible by interleukin-2 (IL-2). Of general interest is that a wider sampling of 27 healthy donors revealed an age- but not gender-dependent loss of suppressive activity in the CD4+CD25+ population. The presence or absence of suppressive activity in CD4+CD25+ T cells from a given donor could be demonstrated consistently over time, and lack of suppression was not due to method of sorting, strength of signal, or sensitivity of indicator cells. Phenotypic markers did not differ on CD4+CD25+ T cells tested ex vivo from suppressive vs. nonsuppressive donors, although, upon activation in vitro, suppressive CD4+CD25+ T cells had significantly higher expression of both CTLA-4 and GITR than CD4+CD25- T cells from the same donors. Moreover, antibody neutralization of CTLA-4, GITR, IL-10, or IL-17 completely reversed Treg-induced suppression. Our results are highly consistent with those reported for murine Treg cells and are the first to demonstrate that suppressive activity of human CD4+CD25+ T cells declines with age.
Spatial and temporal patterns of c-kit-expressing cells in WlacZ/+ and WlacZ/WlacZ mouse embryos (1996)

In the mouse, the Kit receptor and its ligand, the stem cell factor (SCF), are encoded at the W/Kit and Steel loci, respectively. The Kit/SCF transduction pathway is involved in promoting cellular migration, proliferation and/or survival of melanoblasts, hematopoietic progenitors and primordial germ cells. Furthermore, a functional Kit/SCF pathway is required for the development of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the small intestine. Whereas all c-kit-expressing cells in embryogenesis were not identified, previous studies clearly demonstrated that the c-kit expression pattern extends well beyond cells known to be affected by W mutations. To investigate further Kit function, we specifically marked the c-kit-expressing cells and followed their fate during embryogenesis. A mutation was introduced by gene targeting at the W/Kit locus in mouse embryonic stem cells. The lacZ reporter gene was inserted into the first exon of c-kit, thus creating a null allele, called WlacZ. The lacZ expression reflects normal expression of the c-kit gene in WlacZ/+ embryos. The comparison of the patterns of lacZ-expressing cells between WlacZ/+ and WlacZ/WlacZ embryos allowed us to detect where and when melanoblasts, primordial germ cells and hematopoietic progenitors failed to survive in the absence of Kit. We also observed that ICC express c-kit during embryogenesis. ICC are found identically in WlacZ/+ and WlacZ/WlacZ embryos. Therefore, ICC do not depend on Kit expression during embryogenesis. These results indicate that the function of the c-kit gene is only required for the postnatal development of the ICC. Unexpected sites of c-kit expression were uncovered in embryos, including endothelial, epithelial and endocrine cells. None of these cells are dependent on Kit expression for their migration, proliferation and/or survival during embryogenesis. Nevertheless, we assume that the Kit/SCF pathway could be involved in the growth of transformed endothelial, epithelial and endocrine cells.