gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro metabolism and biological activity of all-trans-retinoic acid and its metabolites in hamster trachea. (1978)

The in vitro metabolism of all-trans-[11,12-3h]retinoic acid to several more polar compounds has been demonstrated in a hamster tracheal organ culture system. The production of these metabolites is dependent on the presence of tissue. The physiological significance of these compounds is shown by the cochromatography of several of the in vitro formed metabolites synthesized from [carboxy-14C]retinoic acid with metabolites isolated from the intestine and urine of hamsters previously injected with 0.1 to 1.5 microgram of [3H]retinoic acid. One of the metabolites shows about one-tenth the biological activity of all-trans-retinoic acid when tested in a hamster tracheal organ culture assay. This biologically active metabolite is converted by the hamster trachea in vitro to a biologically inactive metabolite.
Demonstration of autoreactivity by a human monoclonal IgG anti‐Rh D antibody (1993)

Human IgG monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the Rh D antigen have considerable potential for the prophylaxis of haemolytic disease of the newborn. We have carried out in vitro testing for cross-reactions with tissue components by screening two such mabs against animal tissues and a wide panel of human organs from nearly 50 individuals, most of whom were of known Rh D phenotype. Cryostat sections were studied by indirect immunohistochemical techniques. One of the mabs showed non-specific, dose-dependent binding to multiple tissue components whereas the other specifically and consistently reacted strongly with animal smooth muscle and human smooth muscle (vascular, in the walls of hollow viscera, in the respiratory tract) from both Rh D-positive and -negative donors. Immunoprecipitation experiments identified the probable smooth muscle antigen as actin or actin-associated. However, on the basis of inhibition experiments, and by direct estimation of the association constant, the affinity of this mab for smooth muscle was lower than that for Rh D. These results demonstrate autoreactivity by an IgG anti-D mab and show differences in the immunochemical characteristics of human anti-D mabs which may be clinically relevant.
Effect of heat therapy using magnetic nanoparticles conjugated with cationic liposomes on prostate tumor in bone (2008)

MCL + AMF heat therapy suppressed tumor proliferation in the bone microenvironment, in addition to bone destruction. However, this method may exhibit side effects for central nerve system. If MCL are specifically taken into the prostate cancer cells in the bone microenvironment, this method may be useful for the treatment of bone metastatic lesions of prostate cancer.
Catalyst Technologies To Meet Future Emission Requirements for Light-Duty Vehicles (1992)

New automotive catalyst technologies are being developed for vehicle emission systems designed to meet new Federal emissions standards effective in 1994. The new standards feature a 30% reduction in non-methane HC emissions, a 60% reduction of NOx and a 100% increase (to 100,000 miles for light duty vehicles) in warranty period during which these vehicles must meet emission standards (called the "useful life" requirement). In addition, California has developed its own ambitious requirements for significant future reductions in emissions. California's emission reduction requirements introduce a number of new terms into our vocabulary including transitional low emission vehicle (TLEV) (HC/CO/NOx = 0.125/ 3.4/ 0.4g/mi), low emission vehicle (LEV) (0.075/3.4/0.2g/mi), ultra-low emission vehicle (ULEV) (0.04/1.7/0.2g/mi) and zero emission vehicle (ZEV) (1). With each level of increasingly stringent emission reduction comes an array of technologies and emission control strategies envisioned as nesessary for achieving the designated emission targets. HC and NOx emission are
ExbB acts as a chaperone‐like protein to stabilize TonB in the cytoplasm (1993)

The TonB protein is required to transduce energy from the cytoplasmic membrane to outer membrane transport proteins of Gram-negative bacteria. Two accessory proteins, ExbB and ExbD, are required for TonB function and it has been suggested that TonB and ExbBD form a complex in the membrane. In this paper we demonstrate that there are two spatially distinct, functional interactions between ExbBD and TonB. First, there is an interaction between ExbBD and the N-terminal signal-like peptide of TonB, probably the formation of a stable complex in the membrane. Second, ExbB interacts with TonB in the cytoplasm. This interaction involves the domain of TonB that is normally periplasmic. Thus, this is a transient interaction which occurs during the synthesis and/or localization of TonB, implying a chaperone-like role for ExbB. The transmembrane topology of ExbB was shown to be consistent with this role.
Decontamination of chemical warfare agents (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDecontamination of chemical warfare agentsYu Chu Yang, James A. Baker, and J. Richard WardCite this: Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 8, 1729–1743Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00016a003https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00016a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5270Altmetric-Citations892LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Circulating cathepsin-S levels correlate with GFR decline and sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 levels in mice and humans (2017)

Cardiovascular complications determine morbidity/mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD). We hypothesized that progressive CKD drives the release of cathepsin-S (Cat-S), a cysteine protease that promotes endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular complications. Therefore, Cat-S, soluble tumor-necrosis-factor receptor (sTNFR) 1/2 and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were measured in a CKD mouse model, a German CKD-cohort (MCKD, n = 421) and two Swedish community-based cohorts (ULSAM, n = 764 and PIVUS, n = 804). Association between Cat-S and sTNFR1/2/GFR was assessed using multivariable linear regression. In the mouse model, Cat-S and sTNFR1/2 concentrations were increased following the progressive decline of GFR, showing a strong correlation between Cat-S and GFR (r = -0.746, p < 0.001) and Cat-S and sTNFR1/sTNFR2 (r = 0.837/0.916, p < 0.001, respectively). In the human cohorts, an increase of one standard deviation of estimated GFR was associated with a decrease of 1.008 ng/ml (95%-confidence interval (95%-CI) -1.576-(-0.439), p < 0.001) in Cat-S levels in MCKD; in ULSAM and PIVUS, results were similar. In all three cohorts, Cat-S and sTNFR1/sTNFR2 levels were associated in multivariable linear regression (p < 0.001). In conclusion, as GFR declines Cat-S and markers of inflammation-related endothelial dysfunction increase. The present data indicating that Cat-S activity increases with CKD progression suggest that Cat-S might be a therapeutic target to prevent cardiovascular complications in CKD.
A geometric approach to segmentation and analysis of 3D medical images (1996)

A geometric scheme for detecting, representing, and measuring 3D medical data is presented. The technique based on deforming 3D surfaces, represented via level-sets, towards the medical objects, according to intrinsic geometric measures of the data. The 3D medical object is represented as a (weighted) minimal surface in a Riemannian space whose metric is induced from the image. This minimal surface is computed using the level-set methodology for propagating interfaces, combined with a narrow band technique which allows fast implementation. This computation technique automatically handles topological changes. Measurements like volume and area are performed on the surface, exploiting the representation and the high accuracy intrinsic to the algorithm.
Ultrafast safety system to turn-off normally on SiC JFETs (2011)

International audience
Prediction of structure and function of G protein-coupled receptors (2002)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate our sense of vision, smell, taste, and pain. They are also involved in cell recognition and communication processes, and hence have emerged as a prominent superfamily for drug targets. Unfortunately, the atomic-level structure is available for only one GPCR (bovine rhodopsin), making it difficult to use structure-based methods to design drugs and mutation experiments. We have recently developed first principles methods (MembStruk and HierDock) for predicting structure of GPCRs, and for predicting the ligand binding sites and relative binding affinities. Comparing to the one case with structural data, bovine rhodopsin, we find good accuracy in both the structure of the protein and of the bound ligand. We report here the application of MembStruk and HierDock to beta1-adrenergic receptor, endothelial differential gene 6, mouse and rat I7 olfactory receptors, and human sweet receptor. We find that the predicted structure of beta1-adrenergic receptor leads to a binding site for epinephrine that agrees well with the mutation experiments. Similarly the predicted binding sites and affinities for endothelial differential gene 6, mouse and rat I7 olfactory receptors, and human sweet receptor are consistent with the available experimental data. These predicted structures and binding sites allow the design of mutation experiments to validate and improve the structure and function prediction methods. As these structures are validated they can be used as targets for the design of new receptor-selective antagonists or agonists for GPCRs.
Diagnosis of Post-Traumatic Complex Regional Pain Syndrome of the Hand: Current Role of Sympathetic Skin Response and Three-Phase Bone Scintigraphy (2006)

TPBS is a very sensitive corroborative test to confirm the clinical suspicion of CRPS during the initial stages, but not in late cases. SSR can be used to document the sympathetic dysfunction in cases having an associated sweating abnormality and may have some diagnostic value in late cases of CRPS, when TPBS is less reliable.
Microelectronic test structures for rapid automated contactless inline defect inspection (1997)

Simple but unique and space-saving microelectronic test structures were designed to afford automated inline contactless defect inspection in a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)-voltage contrast (VC) mode for rapid electrical defect-monitoring, along with in situ defect-isolation and characterization capabilities. Such an automated inspection can support accelerated yield learning through increased defect-learning cycles, particularly on the sub-0.25-/spl mu/m-rule designs, as defects below optical resolution become significant. The system is also capable of the traditional visual inspection in the high-energy secondary-electron emission mode, affording the accurate determination of the "transfer coefficients" between the optical inspection results and the electrical faults from the SEM-VC inspection, needed for any foreign-material or contamination-to-yield model with high correlation or at a high confidence level.
Chip-Based Optical Detection of DNA Hybridization by Means of Nanobead Labeling (2000)

A new scheme for the detection of molecular interactions based on optical readout of nanoparticle labels has been developed. Capture DNA probes were arrayed on a glass chip and incubated with nanoparticle-labeled target DNA probes, containing a complementary sequence. Binding events were monitored by optical means, using reflected and transmitted light for the detection of surface-bound nanoparticles. Control experiments exclude significant influence of nonspecific binding on the observed contrast. Scanning force microscopy revealed the distribution of nanoparticles on the chip surface.
Out‐of‐plane brachial plexus block with a novel Sonix GPS TM needle tracking system (2013)

We wish to report on our preliminary experience with a novel ultrasound guided needle-tracking system. After institutional ethics approval and written informed consent, a convenience sample of 15 patients was prospectively enrolled for out-of-plane interscalene, supraclavicular and infraclavicular brachial plexus blocks 1, 2. The SonixGPS™ (Ultrasonix, Richmond, BC, Canada) is an electromagnetic needle tracking system for ultrasound guided needle interventions that has been approved in Canada (Health Canada approval #86707, 86708 and 86709). It displays the current and predicted needle tip position in real-time on the ultrasound screen, thus facilitating needle-beam alignment and guidance to the target (Fig. 5). For all blocks, a 5-14 MHz linear transducer and 8-cm 19-G SonixGPS needles were used. All blocks were performed after pre-procedural scanning and local anesthetic infiltration along the intended needle path. At the point of injection of local anesthetic, the extrapolated needle tip was in close proximity to the brachial plexus. For all 15 injections, the brachial plexus was easily identified and an optimal ultrasound image was easily obtained (Fig. 6). During all maneuvers, the extrapolated needle position was seen clearly with all attempts and there was no loss of image with needle manipulation. Circumferential spread of local anesthetic in real time and its spatial relationship to the brachial plexus and the extrapolated needle tip position could be observed in all patients. At the time of injection, there was no evidence of deeper than anticipated needle penetration as judged by displacement of adjacent soft tissues. We conclude that real-time ultrasound guided out-of-plane brachial plexus blocks with needle guidance technology can be performed accurately and successfully in patients using the SonixGPS system.
Dynamics of Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticles within Polystyrene Melts (2014)

We present a detailed study of the dynamics of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles suspended in polystyrene homopolymer matrices using X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy for temperatures between 120 and 180 °C. For low molecular weight polystyrene homopolymers, the observed dynamics show a crossover from diffusive to hyper-diffusive behavior with decreasing temperatures. For higher molecular weight polystyrene, the nanoparticle dynamics appear hyper-diffusive at all temperatures studied. The relaxation time and characteristic velocity determined from the measured hyper-diffusive dynamics reveal that the activation energy and underlying forces determined are on the order of 2.14 × 10–19 J and 87 pN, respectively.
Plasmapheresis in autoimmune inner ear disease: long-term follow-up. (1997)

Plasmapheresis may be beneficial as an adjunctive therapy for maintaining hearing in some patients with AIED. Cost and reimbursement factors are major obstacles in the use of this therapy. The overall success rate and individual patient results warrant further study of PMP in the treatment of AIED.
Molecular Aspects of Self-Incompatibility in Flowering Plants (1993)

We have made rapid progress in recent years in identifying the genetic causes of many human diseases. However, despite this recent progress, our mechanistic understanding of these diseases is often incomplete. This is a problem because it limits our ...Read More
A high quality 9.6 kbps speech coding system (2005)

A 9.6 kbps speech coding system based on a new speech model is presented. In this model, the short-time spectrum of speech is modeled as the product of an excitation spectrum and a spectral envelope. The spectral envelope is some smoothed version of the speech spectrum and the excitation spectrum is represented by a fundamental frequency, a voiced/unvoiced (V/UV) decision for each harmonic of the fundamental, and the phase of each harmonic declared voiced. In speech analysis, the model parameters are estimated by explicit comparison between the original speech spectrum and the synthetic speech spectrum. Preliminary results indicate that high quality reproduction can be obtained with this speech coding system for both clean and noisy speech without the "buzziness" and severe degradation in noise typically associated with vocoder speech.
Cloning and expression in yeast of a higher plant chorismate mutase Molecular cloning, sequencing of the cDNA and characterization of theArabidopsis thalianaenzyme expressed in yeast (1993)

Chorismate mutase (EC 5.4.99.5) catalyzes the first step in the branch of the shikimate pathway which leads to the aromatic amino acids, phenylalanine and tyrosine. We have isolated a cDNA for this enzyme from the higher plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, by complementing a yeast strain (aro7) with a cDNA library from A. thaliana. This is the first chorismate mutase cDNA isolated from a plant. It encodes a protein of 334 amino acids. The identity of the deduced amino acid sequence is 41% to the chorismate mutase sequence from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The N-terminal portion of the deduced amino acid sequence has no homology to the S. cerevisiae sequence but resembles known plastid-specific transit peptides. The A. thaliana chorismate mutase expressed in yeast revealed allosteric control by the three aromatic amino acids, as previously described for plastidic chorismate mutase isozymes.
Diabetes-related alterations in the enteric nervous system and its microenvironment (2012)

Gastric intestinal symptoms common among diabetic patients are often caused by intestinal motility abnormalities related to enteric neuropathy. It has recently been demonstrated that the nitrergic subpopulation of myenteric neurons are especially susceptible to the development of diabetic neuropathy. Additionally, different susceptibility of nitrergic neurons located in different intestinal segments to diabetic damage and their different levels of responsiveness to insulin treatment have been revealed. These findings indicate the importance of the neuronal microenvironment in the pathogenesis of diabetic nitrergic neuropathy. The main focus of this review therefore was to summarize recent advances related to the diabetes-related selective nitrergic neuropathy and associated motility disturbances. Special attention was given to the findings on capillary endothelium and enteric glial cells. Growing evidence indicates that capillary endothelium adjacent to the myenteric ganglia and enteric glial cells surrounding them are determinative in establishing the ganglionic microenvironment. Additionally, recent advances in the development of new strategies to improve glycemic control in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus are also considered in this review. Finally, looking to the future, the recent and promising results of metagenomics for the characterization of the gut microbiome in health and disease such as diabetes are highlighted.
Mammalian Sprouty-1 and -2 Are Membrane-Anchored Phosphoprotein Inhibitors of Growth Factor Signaling in Endothelial Cells (2001)

Growth factor-induced signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) plays a central role in embryonic development and in pathogenesis and, hence, is tightly controlled by several regulatory proteins. Recently, Sprouty, an inhibitor of Drosophila development-associated RTK signaling, has been discovered. Subsequently, four mammalian Sprouty homologues (Spry-1-4) have been identified. Here, we report the functional characterization of two of them, Spry-1 and -2, in endothelial cells. Overexpressed Spry-1 and -2 inhibit fibroblast growth factor- and vascular endothelial growth factor-induced proliferation and differentiation by repressing pathways leading to p42/44 mitogen-activating protein (MAP) kinase activation. In contrast, although epidermal growth factor-induced proliferation of endothelial cells was also inhibited by Spry-1 and -2, activation of p42/44 MAP kinase was not affected. Biochemical and immunofluorescence analysis of endogenous and overexpressed Spry-1 and -2 reveal that both Spry-1 and -2 are anchored to membranes by palmitoylation and associate with caveolin-1 in perinuclear and vesicular structures. They are phosphorylated on serine residues and, upon growth factor stimulation, a subset is recruited to the leading edge of the plasma membrane. The data indicate that mammalian Spry-1 and -2 are membrane-anchored proteins that negatively regulate angiogenesis-associated RTK signaling, possibly in a RTK-specific fashion.
Targeted developmental overexpression of calmodulin induces proliferative and hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes in transgenic mice (1993)

Calmodulin (CaM) levels are developmentally regulated in the mouse heart. During late gestational and early postnatal stages, CaM levels decline several-fold in close temporal association with the declining population of proliferating cardiomyocytes. This correlation suggests that CaM may influence cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity, particularly since CaM is implicated in cell cycle control in several eukaryotic nonmuscle cells. To test this possibility, nucleotides -500 to 77 of the human atrial natriuretic factor gene were linked to a chicken CaM minigene to establish two pedigrees of transgenic mice that express 3- to 5-fold increased levels of CaM in cardiomyocytes. Developmental overexpression of CaM in mouse cardiomyocytes produced a markedly exaggerated cardiac growth response, characterized by the presence of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in regions demonstrated to overexpress CaM and by cardiomyocyte hyperplasia, apparent at early developmental stages. Early postnatal suppression of fusion gene expression in the cardiac ventricles correlated with regression of the ventricular growth response in transgenic relative to nontransgenic mice between 3 days and 6-10 weeks of age, but was not apparent in the cardiac atria, where levels of CaM remained constitutively elevated until advanced stages. To test the possibility that increased cytosolic Ca2+ buffering contributes to the growth response induced by CaM over-expression, two additional lines of transgenic mice were generated using the same human atrial natriuretic factor promoter to target expression of a CaM mutant (amino acids 75-82 deleted) in cardiomyocytes. This mutant has previously been shown to bind Ca2+ with kinetic properties similar to those of wild-type CaM, but was unable to activate several CaM-dependent target enzymes in vitro. Despite high level expression of the CaM mutant, no growth response was apparent in the hearts of transgenic relative to those of nontransgenic mice, suggesting that increased Ca2+ buffering is unlikely to contribute to the growth response induced by CaM overexpression. Taken together, these findings reveal that cardiomyocyte growth regulation is specifically influenced by CaM concentrations in transgenic mice.