gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ISOXAZOLINE OXIDES (1926)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTISOXAZOLINE OXIDESE. P. Kohler and J. B. ShohanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1926, 48, 9, 2425–2434Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1926Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1926https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01420a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01420a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Conformational change of chaperone Hsc70 upon binding to a decapeptide: A circular dichroism study (1993)

The conformation of bovine Hsc70, a 70-kDa heat shock cognate protein, and its conformational change upon binding to decapeptides, was studied by CD spectroscopy and secondary structure prediction (Chou, P.Y. & Fasman, G.D., 1974, Biochemistry 13, 222-245). The CD spectra were analyzed by the LINCOMB method, as well as by the convex constraint analysis (CCA) method (Perczel, A., Park, K., & Fasman, G.D., 1992, Anal. Biochem. 203, 83-93). The result of the CD analysis of Hsc70 (15% alpha-helix, 24% beta-sheet, 24% beta-turn, and 38% remainder) was very similar to the predicted secondary structure for the beta-sheet (24%) and the beta-turn (29%). However, there is disagreement between the alpha-helical content by CD analysis (15%) and the predicted structure (30%). In spite of the fact that the decapeptides contained a considerable amount of beta-sheet (22%), the interaction of the heat shock protein with the peptide resulted in an overall decrease in the content of beta-sheet conformation (-15%) of the complex. This may be due to induction of a molten globule state. The result of the CCA analysis indicated that the Hsc70 undergoes a conformational change upon binding the decapeptides.
Interleukin 11 regulates endometrial cancer cell adhesion and migration via STAT3 (2012)

Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynaecological malignancy. There is however a lack of curative therapies, especially for patients diagnosed with late stage, recurrent or aggressive disease, who have a poor prognosis. Interleukin (IL) 11 is a pleiotropic cytokine that has a role in a number of cancers including colon and breast cancer. IL11 was recently found to be upregulated in endometrial cancers, however the function of IL11 in endometrial cancer is not known. This study aimed to determine the effects of IL11 on endometrial cancer cell proliferation, adhesion and migration. Three endometrial cancer cell lines, Ishikawa, HEC-1A and AN3CA (derived from endometrial cancers grade I, II and III, respectively), were used to determine the effect of IL11 on endometrial cancer cell function. Cell proliferation and viability were assessed by BrdU and Wst-1 assays. Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin, collagen I and IV, vitronectin and laminin was assessed. Modified boyden chambers were utilized to access IL11 action on migration and invasion, respectively. The specific effect of IL11 action on these processes was determined using a unique IL11 inhibitor. IL11 phosphorylated (p)-STAT3 protein abundance in all 3 cell lines but had no effect on pERK and pAKT abundance. Similarly, IL11 had no effect on cell proliferation and viability but increased adhesion of ANC3A cells to fibronectin while having no effect on the other extracellular matrix proteins. IL11 did not alter the adhesive properties of the Ishikawa and HEC-1A cells. In the AN3CA cells, IL11 treatment resulted in a 50% increase in migration and co-treatment with the specific IL11 inhibitor or a STAT3 inhibitor abolished the effect. This study shows a role for IL11 in endometrial cancer and suggests IL11 may be involved in endometrial cancer development and thus may be useful as a therapeutic target.
Computer Analysis of Sequence Data, Part I (1994)

DNA sequencing has become increasingly efficient over the years, resulting in an enormous increase in the amount of data gen- ated. In recent years, the focus of sequencing has shifted, from being the endpoint of a project, to being a starting point. This is especially true for such major initiatives as the human genome project, where vast tracts of DNA of unknown function are sequenced. This sheer volume of available data makes advanced computer methods ess- tial to analysis, and a familiarity with computers and sequence ana- sis software a vital requirement for the researcher involved with DNA sequencing. Even for nonsequencers, a familiarity with sequence analysis software can be important. For instance, gene sequences already present in the databases can be extremely useful in the design of cloning and genetic manipulation experiments. This two-part work on Analysis of Data is designed to be a practical aid to the researcher who uses computers for the acquisition, storage, or analysis of nucleic acid (and/or p- tein) sequences. Each chapter is written such that a competent sci- tist with basic computer literacy can carry out the procedure successfully at the first attempt by simply following the detailed pr- tical instructions that have been described by the author. A Notes section, which is included at the end of each chapter, provides advice on overcoming the common problems and pitfalls sometimes enco- tered by users of the sequence analysis software. Software packages for both the mainframe and personal computers are described
Nrf2 and NF-&#954;B Modulation by Sulforaphane Counteracts Multiple Manifestations of Diabetic Neuropathy in Rats and High Glucose-Induced Changes (2011)

High glucose driven reactive oxygen intermediates production and inflammatory damage are recognized contributors of nerve dysfunction and subsequent damage in diabetic neuropathy. Sulforaphane, a known chemotherapeutic agent holds a promise for diabetic neuropathy because of its dual antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The present study investigated the effect of sulforaphane in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic neuropathy in rats. For in vitro experiments neuro2a cells were incubated with sulforaphane in the presence of normal (5.5 mM) and high glucose (30 mM). For in vivo studies, sulforaphane (0.5 and 1 mg/kg) was administered six weeks post diabetes induction for two weeks. Motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), nerve blood flow (NBF) and pain behavior were improved and malondialdehyde (MDA) level was reduced by sulforaphane. Antioxidant effect of sulforaphane is derived from nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation as demonstrated by increased expression of Nrf2 and downstream targets hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1) in neuro2a cells and sciatic nerve of diabetic animals. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) inhibition seemed to be responsible for antiinflammatory activity of sulforaphane as there was reduction in NF-κB expression and IκB kinase (IKK) phosphorylation along with abrogation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukine-6 (IL-6) levels. Here in this study we provide an evidence that sulforaphane is effective in reversing the various deficits in experimental diabetic neuropathy. This study supports the defensive role of Nrf2 in neurons under conditions of oxidative stress and also suggests that the NF-κB pathway is an important modulator of inflammatory damage in diabetic neuropathy.
Accurate Registration of Serial 3D MR Brain Images and Its Application to Visualizing Change in Neurodegenerative Disorders (1996)

This methodology permits subvoxel comparison of routinely acquired serial 3D MR brain scans. It is a sensitive method for tracking patterns and rates of neuroanatomical change.
Using In Vivo Biopanning for the Development of Radiation-Guided Drug Delivery Systems (2009)

This chapter illustrates our protocol for in vivo biopanning using T7 bacteriophage libraries for the purpose of selecting recombinant peptides for the tumor-specific delivery of radiosensitizers to radiation-inducible antigens within tumor neovasculature. Our goal is to discover peptides binding within tumor vascular endothelium of irradiated tumors. We have previously demonstrated that tumor irradiation increases the spectrum of antigenic targets for drug delivery. To identify candidate peptides with the ability to bind radiation-induced antigens, we inject the phage peptide library intravenously into mice bearing irradiated GL261 and Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) hind limb tumors. Phage are recovered from excised tumors, amplified, and readministered to mouse-bearing tumors for six total rounds. At least 50 bacterial colonies are selected from each of the tumor types, and prioritized. This prioritization is based on their relative concentrations in tumor versus normal tissues, and then assessment of dominant phage present in both tumor types. These phage are amplified, and the gene sequences determined to deduce the recombinant peptide product. Further prioritization is performed by fluorescence labeling of the selected phage, and injection into irradiated and mock-irradiated tumor-bearing mice for evaluation of in vivo targeting of the candidate phage/peptides.
Motion Normalized Proportional Control for Improved Pattern Recognition-Based Myoelectric Control (2014)

This paper describes two novel proportional control algorithms for use with pattern recognition-based myoelectric control. The systems were designed to provide automatic configuration of motion-specific gains and to normalize the control space to the user's usable dynamic range. Class-specific normalization parameters were calculated using data collected during classifier training and require no additional user action or configuration. The new control schemes were compared to the standard method of deriving proportional control using a one degree of freedom Fitts' law test for each of the wrist flexion/extension, wrist pronation/supination and hand close/open degrees of freedom. Performance was evaluated using the Fitts' law throughput value as well as more descriptive metrics including path efficiency, overshoot, stopping distance and completion rate. The proposed normalization methods significantly outperformed the incumbent method in every performance category for able bodied subjects (p < 0.001) and nearly every category for amputee subjects. Furthermore, one proposed method significantly outperformed both other methods in throughput (p < 0.0001), yielding 21% and 40% improvement over the incumbent method for amputee and able bodied subjects, respectively. The proposed control schemes represent a computationally simple method of fundamentally improving myoelectric control users' ability to elicit robust, and controlled, proportional velocity commands.
Covalent antibody display--an in vitro antibody-DNA library selection system (2005)

The endonuclease P2A initiates the DNA replication of the bacteriophage P2 by making a covalent bond with its own phosphate backbone. This enzyme has now been exploited as a new in vitro display tool for antibody fragments. We have constructed genetic fusions of P2A with single-chain antibodies (scFvs). Linear DNA of these fusion proteins were processed in an in vitro coupled transcription-translation mixture of Escherichia coli S30 lysate. Complexes of scFv-P2A fusion proteins covalently bound to their own DNA were isolated after panning on immobilized antigen, and the enriched DNAs were recovered by PCR and prepared for the subsequent cycles of panning. We have demonstrated the enrichment of scFvs from spiked libraries and the specific selection of different anti-tetanus toxoid scFvs from a V-gene library with 50 million different members prepared from human lymphocytes. This covalent antibody display technology offers a complete in vitro selection system based exclusively on DNA-protein complexes.
On mouse and man: neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin is not involved in apoptosis or acute response (2005)

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a siderphore binding molecule present in the specific granules of neutrophils and induced in a variety of epithelial cells during inflammation. Its mouse orthologue, 24p3, is also an acute phase protein synthesized in the liver and adipose tissue during inflammation. 24p3 has recently been implicated in apoptosis of myeloid cells. We investigated whether similar features are characteristics of NGAL. First, isolated normal myeloid bone marrow cells were incubated with NGAL for 6 and 24 hr and analyzed for apoptosis by annexin V binding and by propidium iodide labeling. We found no indication that NGAL induces significant apoptosis in myeloid cells. Second, a human sepsis model where normal volunteers were given endotoxin 2 ng/kg intravenously, showed no evidence that NGAL is an acute phase protein. The plasma level of NGAL reflected the number of circulating neutrophils and was completely different from the kinetics of C-reactive protein. We thus conclude that major differences exist between mouse and man with regards to the role of this lipocalin in myelopoiesis and inflammation.
Excess hospitalisation burden associated with Clostridium difficile in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (2007)

C difficile colitis is associated with a significant healthcare burden in hospitalised patients with IBD and carries a higher mortality than in patients with C difficile without underlying IBD.
Novel asymmetrically engineered antibody Fc variant with superior FcγR binding affinity and specificity compared with afucosylated Fc variant (2013)

Fc engineering is a promising approach to enhance the antitumor efficacy of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Glyco- and protein-Fc engineering have been employed to enhance FcγR binding and ADCC activity of mAbs; the drawbacks of previous approaches lie in their binding affinity to both FcγRIIIa allotypes, the ratio of activating FcγR binding to inhibitory FcγR binding (A/I ratio) or the melting temperature (T(M)) of the C(H)2 domain. To date, no engineered Fc variant has been reported that satisfies all these points. Herein, we present a novel Fc engineering approach that introduces different substitutions in each Fc domain asymmetrically, conferring optimal binding affinity to FcγR and specificity to the activating FcγR without impairing the stability. We successfully designed an asymmetric Fc variant with the highest binding affinity for both FcγRIIIa allotypes and the highest A/I ratio compared with previously reported symmetrically engineered Fc variants, and superior or at least comparable in vitro ADCC activity compared with afucosylated Fc variants. In addition, the asymmetric Fc engineering approach offered higher stability by minimizing the use of substitutions that reduce the T(M) of the C(H)2 domain compared with the symmetric approach. These results demonstrate that the asymmetric Fc engineering platform provides best-in-class effector function for therapeutic antibodies against tumor antigens.
The Short-Term Effects of Delayed Application of Electric Fields in the Damaged Rodent Spinal Cord (1989)

Previous studies have indicated that the application of electrical fields to the contused rat spinal cord could result in a partial return of function within 3 weeks after injury/treatment. Whether similar functional recovery could be established after a delay in the treatment was investigated. Rat spinal cords were contused and allowed to recover untreated for 10 days. At that time, a stimulator delivering 3 μA of direct current was applied to the dorsal portion of the cord such that the cathode was oriented either rostral or caudal to the lesion. Inactive stimulators were also used as controls. Rats were then assessed behaviorally and clinically at weekly intervals up to 3 weeks on an inclined plane and then killed for histological assessments. The results indicate that both the “cathode rostral” and “anode rostral” groups performed statistically significantly better on the inclined plane than the “no current” group. The cathode rostral and anode rostral group animals also demonstrated superior motor abilities. The number of axons in the dorsal funiculi rostral to the lesion in the actively treated groups were also statistically significantly greater than no current controls. The cathode rostral group animals demonstrated a greater number of viable neuronal cell bodies near the site of the lesion. These data suggest that electric fields may facilitate functional recovery and regeneration in the mammalian spinal cord, even after a delay in such treatment. (Neurosurgery 25:71-75, 1989)
Speciation through homoploid hybridization between allotetraploids in peonies (Paeonia) (2001)

Phylogenies of Adh1 and Adh2 genes suggest that a widespread Mediterranean peony, Paeonia officinalis, is a homoploid hybrid species between two allotetraploid species, Paeonia peregrina and a member of the Paeonia arietina species group. Three phylogenetically distinct types of Adh sequences have been identified from both accessions of P. officinalis, of which two types are most closely related to the two homoeologous Adh loci of the P. arietina group and the remaining type came from one of the two Adh homoeologs of P. peregrina. The other Adh homoeolog of P. peregrina was apparently lost from the hybrid genome, possibly through backcrossing with the P. arietina group. This is a documentation of homoploid hybrid speciation between allotetraploid species in nature. This study suggests that hybrid speciation between allotetraploids can occur without an intermediate stage of genome diploidization or a further doubling of genome size.
The Ethylsulfinate Ligand:  A Highly Efficient Initiating Group for the Zinc β-Diiminate Catalyzed Copolymerization Reaction of CO2 and Epoxides (2002)

The quantitative synthesis of a series of new zinc(II) sulfinate complexes (4a−e) by insertion of SO2 into zinc−ethyl bonds of β-diiminate complexes ((ArNC(CH3)CH(CH3)CNAr)Zn(O(SO)Et); Ar = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl (4a), 2,6-diethylphenyl (4b), 2-ethyl-6-isopropylphenyl (4c), 2,6-diphenylphenyl (4d), 2,6-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)phenyl (4e)) is described. X-ray structure analysis reveals a dinuclear, μ-ethylsulfinate-bridged structure for 4a in the solid state, which in solution exists in an equilibrium with the mononuclear species. The easily accessible complexes 4a−c are highly active catalysts for the alternating copolymerization of CO2 and cyclohexene oxide, leading to products with narrow molecular weight distributions.
An efficient packet scheduling algorithm in network processors (2005)

Several companies have introduced powerful network processors (NPs) that can be placed in routers to execute various tasks in the network. These tasks can range from IP level table lookup algorithm to application level multimedia transcoding applications. An NP consists of a number of on-chip processors to carry out packet level parallel processing operations. Ensuring good load balancing among the processors increases throughput. However, such multiprocessing also gives rise to increased out-of-order departure of processed packets. In this paper, we first propose a dynamic batch co-scheduling (DBCS) scheme to schedule packets in a heterogeneous network processor assuming that the workload is perfectly divisible. The processed loads from the processors are ordered perfectly. We analyze the throughput and derive expressions for the batch size, scheduling time and maximum number of schedulable processors. To effectively schedule variable length packets in an NP, we propose a packetized dynamic batch-coscheduling (P-DBCS) scheme by applying a combination of deficit round robin (DRR) and surplus round robin (SRR) schemes. We extend the algorithm to handle multiple flows based on a fair scheduling of flows depending on their reservations. Extensive sensitivity results are provided through analysis and simulation to show that the proposed algorithms satisfy both the load balancing and in-order requirements in packet processing.
Paracetamol Inhibits Copper Ion–Induced, Azo Compound–Initiated, and Mononuclear Cell–Mediated Oxidative Modification of LDL (1995)

The effects of paracetamol and sodium salicylate on the susceptibility of LDL to oxidative modification were studied. LDL was subjected to Cu(2+)-, azo compound-, or peripheral blood mononuclear cell-initiated oxidation in the absence and presence of paracetamol and salicylate. Paracetamol (100 mumol/L; 25 micrograms LDL/mL) reduced the rate of formation of conjugated dienes and the amount of conjugated dienes formed during Cu(2+)-induced oxidation by 67% and 58%, respectively. Paracetamol (400 mumol/L; 100 micrograms LDL/mL) reduced the generation of lipid peroxides during Cu(2+)-induced oxidation by 43% (P < .05), the relative electrophoretic mobility in agarose gels by 16% (P < .05), and the amount of oxidized LDL taken up by J774 macrophages by 22% (P < .05). Paracetamol (100 mumol/L; 100 micrograms LDL/mL) reduced the 2,2'-azobis-(2-amidinopropane hydrochloride)-initiated lipid peroxidation by 70% (P < .05) and the relative electrophoretic mobility by 34% (P < .05). Paracetamol (100 mumol/L; 100 micrograms LDL/mL) reduced the amount of lipid peroxides generated in LDL during mononuclear cell-mediated oxidation by 69% (P < .01) and the relative electrophoretic mobility by 38% (P < .01). In comparison, 10 mumol/L alpha-tocopherol reduced the amount of lipid peroxides formed during cellular LDL oxidation and the relative electrophoretic mobility by 52% and 65%, respectively (P < .05). In the absence of paracetamol, SOD and catalase inhibited the modification of LDL (P < .05), suggesting that superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide might be involved in the cell-mediated modification pathway. In the presence of paracetamol, SOD showed no additional inhibitory effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Non‐steroidal antiandrogens act as AF‐1 agonists under conditions of high androgen‐receptor expression (2007)

We found that non-steroidal antiandrogens act as AF-1 agonists under conditions of high AR protein expression. This partial antagonistic property of antiandrogens may be a molecular mechanism by which prostate cancer develops resistance to these drugs.