gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus subtypes A and B in hospitalized children in Costa Rica (2011)

_____________________________________________________________________________________ Aim: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) a Pneumovirus belonging to Paramyxovridae family is a common cause of severe lower respiratory disease in neonates and young children especially in the first years of life. It causes frequent hospitalizations and visits to the emergency rooms. Utilizing monoclonal antibodies and nucleotide sequences, 2 major subtypes of RSV subgroups have been identified: RSV-A and RSV-B.The aim of study was to establish for the first time the circulation of both subtypes of RSV A and B in a hospitalized population of children from “Hospital Nacional de Ninos” during the peak season of 2008. Methods: Forty nine samples from nasopharyngeal aspirates from hospitalized children, of 197 samples previously reported positive by IFA were analyzed using cell culture and a Multiplex nested RT-PCR for RSV-A and B standardized in the Virology Laboratory. Results: Incidence of RSV was 34 % in HNN in August and September, 2008. Of 49 samples, 41(84%) were positive; 34 (83 %) for subtype A and 7 (17 %) for B, and 8 were negative. None of the patients had mixed RSV infections and there were no evident differences in symptomatology, age or geographical origin of the children. Culture was positive only in 30 % of the samples. Conclusions: The frequency of RSV was 34 % in the total group of samples in the study period. This is a preliminary report of the circulation of RSV subtypes A and B in a small cohort from the HNN in Costa Rica, confirmed by multiplex nested RT-PCR standardized in the laboratory.
Antioxidative Ability of Lactic Acid Bacteria (1999)

Nineteen strains of lactic acid bacteria were investigated for antioxidative activity. These includedLactobacillus acidophilus B, E, N1, 4356, LA-1, and Farr; Lactobacillus bulgaricus 12 278, 448, 449, Lb, 1006, and 11 842; Streptococcus thermophilus 821, MC, 573, 3641, and 19 987; and Bifidobacterium longum B6 and 15 708. Intracellular cell-free extract of all strains demonstrated antioxidative activity with inhibition rates of ascorbate autoxidation in the range of 7-12%. Antioxidative mechanisms including metal ion chelating ability, scavenge of reactive oxygen species, enzyme inhibition, and reducing activity of intracellular cell-free extract of lactic acid bacteria were studied. S. thermophilus 821 had the highest metal ion chelating ability for Fe(2+), and B. longum 15 708 showed the highest Cu(2+) chelating ability among the 19 strains tested. All strains demonstrated reactive oxygen species scavenging ability. L. acidophilus E showed the highest hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, and B. longum B6 had the best hydrogen peroxide scavenging ability. Reducing activity was also found in all strains. Most of the strains tested demonstrated excellent reducing activity. B. longum B6 showed the highest reducing activity among the 19 strains tested. In enzyme inhibition, superoxide dismutase activity was not found in these 19 strains, and the activity of superoxide dismutase was not induced when metal ion Mn(2+), Fe(2+), or Cu(2+)Zn(2+) was present.
Antibody binding loop insertions as diversity elements (2006)

In the use of non-antibody proteins as affinity reagents, diversity has generally been derived from oligonucleotide-encoded random amino acids. Although specific binders of high-affinity have been selected from such libraries, random oligonucleotides often encode stop codons and amino acid combinations that affect protein folding. Recently it has been shown that specific antibody binding loops grafted into heterologous proteins can confer the specific antibody binding activity to the created chimeric protein. In this paper, we examine the use of such antibody binding loops as diversity elements. We first show that we are able to graft a lysozyme-binding antibody loop into green fluorescent protein (GFP), creating a fluorescent protein with lysozyme-binding activity. Subsequently we have developed a PCR method to harvest random binding loops from antibodies and insert them at predefined sites in any protein, using GFP as an example. The majority of such GFP chimeras remain fluorescent, indicating that binding loops do not disrupt folding. This method can be adapted to the creation of other nucleic acid libraries where diversity is flanked by regions of relative sequence conservation, and its availability sets the stage for the use of antibody loop libraries as diversity elements for selection experiments.
Liver fat storage is controlled by HNF4α through induction of lipophagy and is reversed by a potent HNF4α agonist (2021)

We report the discovery of strong HNF4α agonists and their use to uncover a previously unknown pathway by which HNF4α controls the level of fat storage in the liver. This involves the induction of lipophagy by dihydroceramides, the synthesis and secretion of which is controlled by genes induced by HNF4α. The HNF4α activators are N-trans caffeoyltyramine (NCT) and N-trans feruloyltyramine (NFT), which are structurally related to the known drugs alverine and benfluorex, which we previously showed to be weak HNF4α activators. In vitro, NCT and NFT induced fat clearance from palmitate-loaded cells. In DIO mice, NCT led to recovery of hepatic HNF4α expression and reduction of steatosis. Mechanistically, increased dihydroceramide production and action downstream of HNF4α occurred through increased expression of HNF4α downstream genes, including SPNS2 and CYP26A1. NCT was completely nontoxic at the highest dose administered and so is a strong candidate for an NAFLD therapeutic.
Identification of a Cellular Protein That Specifically Interacts with the Essential Cysteine Region of the HIV-1 Tat Transactivator (1996)

The Tat protein of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a powerful activator of HIV gene expression. Genetic and biochemical evidence suggests that one or more cellular cofactors may be important for Tat activity. We have used two-hybrid interactive cloning in yeast to identify a partial cDNA clone (clone 10) from a human B-lymphoblastoid library that specifically interacts with the N-terminal 31 amino acids of HIV-1 Tat which contains the essential cysteine-rich portion of the Tat activation domain. The encoded protein also binds to purified Tat in vitro. Mutation of single essential cysteine residues in Tat abolishes interaction between Tat and clone 10, suggesting that interaction with the encoded protein is important for Tat activity. We have identified the full-length cDNA for the Tat binding protein and shown that overexpression of the encoded protein, Tip60 (Tat interactive protein, 60 kDa), results in a fourfold augmentation of Tat transactivation of the HIV-1 promoter in transient expression assays without increasing the basal activity of the HIV promoter or activating the heterologous RSV promoter. These data together with the genetic and in vitro binding data support the notion that Tip60 might be a cofactor of Tat involved in the regulation of HIV gene expression.
DDT Dehydrochlorinase (1959)

IComponents of lipoprotein-DDT assay system for DDT dehydrochlorinase The system contained DDT or DDE, 0.24 bmole in 4.6 mg. of lipoprotein; GSH, 13 pmoles; DDT dehydrochlorinase, 0.18 unit; phosphate, 275 Hmoles, pH 7.4.Incubated at 25", 8.5 minutes.
Adriamycin nephropathy: A model of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (2010)

Adriamycin nephropathy (AN) is a rodent model of chronic kidney disease that has been studied extensively and has enabled a greater understanding of the processes underlying the progression of chronic proteinuric renal disease. AN is characterized by podocyte injury followed by glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis. Genetic studies have demonstrated a number of loci that alter both risk and severity of renal injury induced by Adriamycin. Adriamycin-induced renal injury has been shown in numerous studies to be modulated by both non-immune and immune factors, and has facilitated further study of mechanisms of tubulointerstitial injury. This review will outline the pharmacological behaviour of Adriamycin, and describe in detail the model of AN, including its key structural characteristics, genetic susceptibility and pathogenesis.
Ruth Mazo Karras, Sexuality in Medieval Europe. Doing unto others. New York et Londres, Routledge, 2005, 208 pages (2010)

Dans cet ouvrage, Ruth Mazo Karras, specialiste incontestee d’histoire du genre, definit l’acte sexuel au Moyen Âge comme « quelque chose que quelqu’un fait a quelqu’un d’autre », ce qui explique le sous-titre choisi. En effet, contrairement a ce que nous observons aujourd’hui ou les verbes servant a designer le coit sont le plus souvent employes de maniere intransitive, signifiant qu’il s’agit d’actions commises ensemble par deux personnes, les locuteurs medievaux utilisent plus volontiers d...
Transparency and antialiasing algorithms implemented with the virtual pixel maps technique (1989)

The benefits of the virtual pixel maps technique in the support of high-quality rendering operations are described. A dedicated frame buffer with a fixed number of bits per pixel is inappropriate for implementing high-quality rendering techniques within the framework of a graphics computer system. The virtual pixel maps feature is an elegant abstraction for solving problems that inherently require a large number of bits per pixel. A system implementation is presented to illustrate the types of hardware rendering algorithms that benefit from the concept of virtual pixel maps. Two specific algorithms, namely, transparency and antialiasing, are used as examples, but many other algorithms could easily be adapted to such an environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Identification of highly potent and selective inhibitors of Toxoplasma gondii dihydrofolate reductase (1993)

Toxoplasma gondii RH was obtained in high yield from culture in RPMI medium on a line of Chinese hamster ovary cells lacking dihydrofolate reductase activity (ATCC 3952 dhfr-; American Type Culture Collection). Dihydrofolate reductase preparations from harvested organisms had specific activities of 22.9 +/- 2.1 nmol/min/mg. The 50% inhibitory concentrations against reference compounds were 0.014 microM for methotrexate, 0.24 microM for pyrimethamine, 2.7 microM for trimethoprim, and 0.010 microM for trimetrexate. The Km value for NADPH was 11 microM and followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics; the Km for dihydrofolate was ca. 11 microM, but substrate inhibition appeared to occur at high substrate concentrations. Dihydrofolate reductase from T. gondii was used to screen 130 compounds from the National Cancer Institute repository. Thirteen compounds were > 100-fold more potent than pyrimethamine toward T. gondii dihydrofolate reductase; six compounds with various potencies were 8 to 46 times as selective as pyrimethamine for the protozoal form of the enzyme over the mammalian form. Four trimetrexate analogs were more potent than trimetrexate, and two were significantly more selective. Representative compounds were also tested in a culture model of T. gondii employing uracil incorporation as an index of growth. One pyrimethamine analog was as effective as pyrimethamine in inhibiting T. gondii in culture (50% inhibitory concentration, 0.45 microM). Three other compounds were also effective at micromolar concentrations.
Successful Targeting to Rat Hepatic Stellate Cells Using Albumin Modified with Cyclic Peptides That Recognize the Collagen Type VI Receptor (2000)

The key pathogenic event in liver fibrosis is the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC). Consequently, new antifibrotic therapies are directed toward an inhibition of HSC activities. The aim of the present study was to develop a drug carrier to HSC, which would allow cell-specific delivery of antifibrotic drugs thus enhancing their effectiveness in vivo. We modified human serum albumin (HSA) with 10 cyclic peptide moieties recognizing collagen type VI receptors (C*GRGDSPC*, in which C* denotes the cyclizing cysteine residues) yielding pCVI-HSA. In vivo experiments showed preferential distribution of pCVI-HSA to both fibrotic and normal rat livers (respectively, 62 +/- 6 and 75 +/- 16% of the dose at 10 min after intravenous injection). Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that pCVI-HSA predominantly bound to HSC in fibrotic livers (73 +/- 14%). In contrast, endothelial cells contributed mostly to the total liver accumulation in normal rats. In vitro studies showed that pCVI-HSA specifically bound to rat HSC, in particular to the activated cells, and showed internalization of pCVI-HSA by these cells. In conclusion, pCVI-HSA may be applied as a carrier to deliver antifibrotic agents to HSC, which may strongly enhance the effectiveness and tissue selectivity of these drugs. This approach has the additional benefit that such carriers may block receptors that play a putative role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis.
The T lymphocyte response to cytochrome c. V. Determination of the minimal peptide size required for stimulation of T cell clones and assessment of the contribution of each residue beyond this size to antigenic potency. (1985)

The B10.A T cell proliferative response to pigeon cytochrome c is mainly directed against a single antigenic determinant located at the carboxy-terminal end of the molecule. In the present experiments, we used synthetic peptide analogs of the carboxy-terminal sequence of moth cytochrome c to explore the structural requirements for antigenic potency. The minimum-sized peptide capable of stimulating a full response varied with the T cell clone, but within the limits of the biological systems studied, was shown to be moth fragment 97-103. Addition of more amino acids at the amino terminal end increased the antigenic potency in uneven increments, with a large contribution being made at residue 95. Analysis of amino acid substitutions at this position provided no evidence that it contained a residue that directly contacted the T cell receptor. Instead, good agreement with an analysis that made use of helix-coil transition theory suggested that this residue, as well as others, increased antigenic potency by contributing to the stabilization of the secondary structure of the molecule in an alpha-helical configuration. The maximum effect of chain length on antigenic potency appeared to stop at residue 93, in agreement with the theoretical analysis. However, addition of several more amino-terminal residues to residue 93 showed one additional significant increment of increased potency. This was almost entirely accounted for by a single lysine located four amino acids beyond the glutamic acid at residue 93 (approximately one turn of an alpha-helix away). To experimentally test whether alpha-helix-forming tendencies could account for the increased potency of the larger analogs, the degree of helix formation in trifluoroethanol was assessed by circular dichroism measurements. A good correlation was found between antigenic potency and percentage of alpha-helix for peptides of increasing chain length from moth 95-103 up to moth 86-90; 94-103. These results suggest that secondary structure may play an important role in determining the potency of antigenic determinants involved in the activation of T lymphocytes.
Secure and Efficient Time Synchronization in Heterogeneous Sensor Networks (2008)

Due to the collaborative nature of sensor nodes, time synchronization is critical for many sensor network operations. For sensor networks deployed in hostile environments, security is critical to the success of time synchronization. Over the past few years, a number of secure time-synchronization schemes have been proposed for sensor networks. However, these schemes are designed for homogeneous sensor networks and may incur large communication/computation overhead or may cause accumulated synchronization errors (due to multihop relays of time reference messages). Several works have shown that better performance and security can be achieved in heterogeneous sensor networks (HSNs). In this paper, we present a secure and efficient time synchronization scheme for HSNs by utilizing powerful high-end sensors. We implement the time-synchronization scheme in real sensor nodes, and the experiments show that our scheme achieves higher synchronization accuracy than a popular sensor time-synchronization scheme. The analyses demonstrate that our scheme is resilient to various attacks and significantly reduces communication overhead.
Counting Single Chromophore Molecules for Ultrasensitive Analysis and Separations on Microchip Devices (1998)

Separations of 15 pM rhodamine 6G and 30 pM rhodamine B performed in a micromachined electrophoresis channel were detected by counting fluorescence bursts from individual molecules. The migration times, peak widths, and analyte concentrations were estimated from the number and the migration time distribution of the detected molecules. Concentration detection limits estimated at >99% confidence were 1.7 pM rhodamine 6G and 8.5 pM rhodamine B. The separations required <35 s and the relative migration time uncertainties were less than 2.0%. These are the lowest detection limits reported for microchip separation devices and the first example of single-chromophore molecular counting for detection of chemical separations.
The 2001 Economic Crime Package: A Legislative History (2000)

Research Article| July 01 2000 The 2001 Economic Crime Package: A Legislative History Frank O. Bowman,, III Frank O. Bowman,, III Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Federal Sentencing Reporter (2000) 13 (1): 3–6. https://doi.org/10.2307/20640300 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Frank O. Bowman,; The 2001 Economic Crime Package: A Legislative History. Federal Sentencing Reporter 1 July 2000; 13 (1): 3–6. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/20640300 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentFederal Sentencing Reporter Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 2001 The Vera Institute of Justice Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Regular review: Medical management of osteoarthritis (2000)

Osteoarthritis is a common, chronic, musculoskeletal disorder. Symptomatic osteoarthritis, particularly of the knee and hip, is the most common cause of musculoskeletal disability in elderly people. In the Western world it ranks fourth in health impact among women and eighth among men.1 Given this high prevalence, therapeutic approaches to treatment will have to be shared between primary and secondary care. A range of non-surgical interventions has been proposed as components of such a therapeutic strategy.

#### Summary points

Osteoarthritis is a major cause of pain and disability in Western populations

The prevalence of osteoarthritis necessitates a “shared care” approach to management between general practitioners and hospital specialists

Several non-surgical interventions to alleviate pain and disability in lower limb osteoarthritis are now available:

Non-pharmacological measures (education, social support, physiotherapy, and occupational therapy)

Pharmacological measures (simple analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, COX-2 inhibitors, topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and capsaicin)

Intra-articular therapy: corticosteroids, hyaluronic acid derivatives, and tidal irrigation

These interventions have been evaluated to varying degrees, but they can be incorporated into an algorithm for the management of osteoarthritis

#### Therapeutic options in osteoarthritis

##### Non-pharmacological treatment

Education (patient and spouse or family)

Social support (telephone contact)

Physiotherapy (aerobic exercises, muscle strengthening, and patellar strapping)

Occupational therapy (aids and appliances, joint protection)

Weight loss

Acupuncture

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)

##### Pharmacological treatment

Simple analgesia

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

COX-2 inhibitors (cyclo-oxygenase-2 selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)

Topical (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, capsaicin)

Chondroprotective agents

##### Intra-articular treatment

Corticosteroids

Hyaluronans

Tidal irrigation

Systematic reviews and controlled clinical trials were located through Medline and BIDS 1991-9, searching under the key words: osteoarthritis; guidelines; glucosamine; capsaicin; physiotherapy, occupational therapy, acupuncture, drug therapy, education, intra-articular injection, heat, cold, rehabilitation, epidemiology, therapy. When available, the most recent reviews or meta-analyses are cited; if not available, individual controlled trials were included and methodological shortcomings discussed. We did not perform assessments of quality of individual reviews. Semiquantitative estimates …
Aberration analysis in aerial images formed by lithographic lenses (1992)

A test procedure for the final assembly of lenses that does not need exposed photographic plates is introduced. It is based on the metrological simulation of optical ray tracing. A measuring example illustrates its suitability for ultraviolet optical systems in particular. The measuring apparatus displays the distortion vectors directly in the aerial image, gives a wave-front analysis, and performs an analogous distortion analysis.
Phagocytosis of senescent neutrophils by human monocyte-derived macrophages and rabbit inflammatory macrophages. (1982)

An in vitro system to investigate the ability of macrophages to recognize and ingest senescent polymorphonuclear neutrophils has been used that uses chromium-labeled neutrophils and staining for myeloperoxidase (MPO). Human monocyte-derived macrophages obtained from in vitro cultures were able to recognize "aged" but not freshly isolated 51Cr-labeled human neutrophils and ingest them. Freshly isolated monocytes did not exhibit this property. Because the aged neutrophils were greater than 95% viable, death did not appear to be a prerequisite for recognition and ingestion. Serum was not required for the aging of the neutrophils, and when serum was used, different concentrations did not appear to effect the aging process; that is, neutrophils aged in different concentrations of serum were ingested equally. Phagocytosis of senescent neutrophils by macrophages occurred in a time-dependent manner and was also dependent on the number of neutrophils added. Monocyte-derived macrophages first exhibited the ability to phagocytose senescent neutrophils on the 3rd d of culture, with the percentage of active macrophages increasing through day 7. In experiments with rabbit mononuclear phagocytes, immune complex-induced inflammatory macrophages from the lung but not resident bronchoalveolar macrophages or peripheral blood monocytes were found to be capable of recognition and ingestion of senescent rabbit neutrophils. These data suggest that the monocyte maturation process, akin to that seen during inflammation, is necessary in vitro before macrophages recognize and remove senescent neutrophils.