gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High energy particle tracking using scintillating fibers and solid state photomultiplier (1989)

A recently developed solid-state photomultiplier (SSPM) coupled with fast scintillating fiber, can have a rate capacity of 10/sup 8/ tracks/s/cm/sup 2/ of fiber cross-section in systems for tracking high-energy ionizing particles. Relative to other approaches the SSPM can provide substantial improvements in spatial and temporal tracking accuracy. Results of preliminary experiments with 0.225*0.225 mm/sup 2/-cross-section step-index-of-refraction fibers exposed to electrons from a beta source are presented. The experiments involved pulse height analysis of SSPM photon detection pulses induced by coincident scintillations in two adjacent fibers traversed by the same electron. The data for two different scintillating fibers tested indicate that meter-long fibers of this type, optimally coupled to SSMPs, will be effective in detecting minimum ionizing particles.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Multivariate Analysis: Methods and Applications (1984)

Selected Aspects of Multivariate Analysis. Principal Components Analysis. Factor Analysis. Multidimensional Scaling. Cluster Analysis. Multiple Regression. Some Practical Considerations: Data Analysis Problems. Cross-Classified Frequency Data. Canonical Correlation Analysis. Discriminant Analysis: The Two-Group Problem. Multiple Discriminant Analysis and Related Topics. Linear Structural Relations (LISREL). Latent Structure Analysis. Appendixes. References. Index.
Multiple interferons in the circulation of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and vasculitis (1982)

Recently, we found interferon in the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, and Sjögren's syndrome. In this study, we surveyed a variety of other immunologically mediated diseases. We did not find interferon in the sera of patients with Wegener's granulomatosis, sarcoidosis, infectious mononucleosis, minimal change nephritis, kidney transplants, myasthenia gravis, or uveitis, but we did find this protein in the sera of patients with active systemic and cutaneous vasculitis. Attempts to characterize the interferon in the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and vasculitis revealed that antibody to alpha (leukocyte) interferon, but not to beta (fibroblast) interferon, partially or completely neutralized the antiviral activity. The failure of antibody to alpha interferon to completely neutralize the antiviral activity in certain specimens and the lability of the antiviral activity in some specimens to pH 2.0 treatment both suggest that more than one type of interferon was present.
Organization of the SUC gene family in Saccharomyces. (1983)

The SUC gene family of yeast (Saccharomyces) includes six structural genes for invertase (SUC1 through SUC5 and SUC7) found at unlinked chromosomal loci. A given yeast strain does not usually carry SUC+ alleles at all six loci; the natural negative alleles are called suc0 alleles. Cloned SUC2 DNA probes were used to investigate the physical structure of the SUC gene family in laboratory strains, commercial wine strains, and different Saccharomyces species. The active SUC+ genes are homologous. The suc0 allele at the SUC2 locus (suc2(0) in some strains is a silent gene or pseudogene. Other SUC loci carrying suc0 alleles appear to lack SUC DNA sequences. These findings imply that SUC genes have transposed to different chromosomal locations in closely related Saccharomyces strains.
Efficient population transfer in a three-level ladder system by frequency-swept ultrashort laser pulses (1992)

Enhanced population transfer from the lowest to the highest level in the three-state ladder 5s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5d of the rubidium atom by frequency-swept ultrashort laser pulses is observed if the frequency sweep first makes the pulse resonant with the 5s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5p transition, and later with the 5p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5d transition. With this ``intuitive'' scheme it is possible to achive complete population inversion via the intermediate level by two successive adiabatic passages. Complete inversion is also obtained by a ``counterintuitive'' direction of the frequency sweep, in which case population of the intermediate level during the pulse is strongly reduced.
Studies on the Synthesis of Quinoline Compounds. X (1961)

Condensation of aminophenol with 4-chloroquinaldine compounds chiefly results in condensation at the amino group but condensation at the hydroxyl partly occurs in compounds possessing a chloroethyl group with -I effect at the 3-position of the quinoline ring. Condensation of o- or p-aminophenol with 3-(2-chloroethyl)-4-chloro-quinaldine gives 1-(2- or 4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-2, 3-dihydro-1H pyrrolo[3, 2-c]quinoline (I) accompanied by a small amount of a compound (II) formed by dehydro-chlorination-cyclization of 3-(2-chloroethyl)-4-(2- or 4-aminophenoxy)quinaldine. The compound of the (I) type alone was formed in the condensation with m-aminophenol. Condensation of o-, m-, or p-aminophenol with 3-vinyl-4-chloroquinaldine resulted in the formation of 3-vinyl-4-hydroxyanilinoquinaldine alone.
Demineralized Bone Powder (1993)

The results of 20 consecutive cases of bone defects of the hand treated by curettage and implantation of demineralized bone powder compare well with a similarly matched retrospective group managed with autogenous grafts and curettage alone. Results revealed "excellent" (16 patients) or "good" bone healing (4 patients) in the bone powder group on independent radiographic evaluation. Bone bridging was noted at an average of 9.9 weeks. All defects healed without recurrence, resorption or refracture, with follow-up of 4 to 36 months. In the conventionally managed retrospective group there was a 25% failure rate necessitating re-operation. Demineralized bone powder provides a rapid, safe and effective method of management of bone defects of the hand.
Interleukin‐23 receptor gene polymorphisms is associated with dilated cardiomyopathy in Chinese Han population (2009)

Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by ventricular chamber enlargement and systolic dysfunction with normal left ventricular wall thickness. The pathogenesis of DCM has been extensively investigated for many years, but it remains uncertain. Recently, many studies indicated that autoimmune mechanisms are likely to participate in the pathogenesis of DCM. Interleukin-23 receptor (IL-23R) gene polymorphisms have been previously found to be associated with autoimmune diseases. To assess the role of IL-23R in DCM, we examined three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-23R gene, namely, rs1884444, rs11465817 and rs10889677. A total of 176 DCM patients and 216 controls were included in the study, and all SNPs were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Our results showed that SNP rs10889677, but not rs1884444 and rs11465817, had association with DCM in Chinese Han population. The results suggest that IL-23R polymorphisms appear to play an important role in the susceptibility of DCM in Chinese Han population.
Optimizing filtered backprojection reconstruction for a breast tomosynthesis prototype device (2006)

Digital breast tomosynthesis is a new technique intended to overcome the limitations of conventional projection mammography by reconstructing slices through the breast from projection views acquired from different angles with respect to the breast. We formulate a general theory of filtered backprojection reconstruction for linear tomosynthesis. The filtering step consists of an MTF inversion filter, a spectral filter, and a slice thickness filter. In this paper the method is applied first to simulated data to understand the basic effects of the various filtering steps. We then demonstrate the impact of the filter functions with simulated projections and with clinical data acquired with a research breast tomosynthesis system.** With this reconstruction method the image quality can be controlled regarding noise and spatial resolution. In a wide range of spatial frequencies the slice thickness can be kept constant and artifacts caused by the incompleteness of the data can be suppressed.
Exploiting LIDAR-based features on pedestrian detection in urban scenarios (2009)

Reliable detection and classification of vulnerable road users constitute a critical issue on safety/protection systems for intelligent vehicles driving in urban zones. In this subject, most of the perception systems have LIDAR and/or radar as primary detection modules and vision-based systems for object classification. This work, on the other hand, presents a valuable analysis of pedestrian detection in urban scenario using exclusively LIDAR-based features. The aim is to explore how much information can be extracted from LIDAR sensors for pedestrian detection. Moreover, this study will be useful to compose multi-sensor based pedestrian detection systems using not only LIDAR but also vision sensors. Experimental results using our data set and a detailed classification performance analysis are presented, with comparisons among various classification techniques.
Si and SiGe Alloys Wet Etching Using TMAH Chemistry (2013)

From MEMS to CMOS applications, silicon wet anisotropic etching is nowadays considered as an interesting alternative to face new and various technological challenges. This paper focuses on the TMAH chemistry and its use for Si and Si 1-x Ge x alloys etching. Comparing two different dispense modes (immersion and spin-on), the impact of TMAH experimental conditions on the etching kinetics as well as on the surface morphology is discussed. We demonstrated that alleviating TMAH-induced Si surface degradation can be obtained by transferring the TMAH etching process on a spray dispense tool. We also highlight the drastic impact of germanium incorporation on the silicon etch rate which opens the scope to TMAH for many applications.
[12.12]Paracyclophanedodecaynes C36H8 and C36Cl8: The Smallest Paracyclophynes and Their Transformation into the Carbon Cluster Ion C36− (2002)

In the Communication of Y. Tobe et al. in Issue 21, pp. 4072–4074, trace g is missing from Figure 1, a mistake for which the editorial team apologizes. The correct figure is shown below. In addition, the authors wish to point out that the fullerene structure of C20 is purely speculative and has to date not been proven.1 UV/Vis spectral changes for 1 a in a 2-methyltetrahydrofuran/ethanol (6:1) matrix at 77 K by irradiation with a low-pressure mercury lamp. a) before irradiation; b–e) after irradiation for 1, 3, 13, and 24 h, respectively; f) after irradiation for 24 h followed by thaw and refreeze; g) subtraction of line f from line e.
Removal of endotoxin from water by microfiltration through a microporous polyethylene hollow-fiber membrane (1986)

The microporous polyethylene hollow-fiber membrane has a unique microfibrile structure throughout its depth and has been found to possess the functions of filtration and adsorption of endotoxin in water. The membrane has a maximum pore diameter of approximately 0.04 micron, a diameter which is within the range of microfiltration. Approximately 10 and 20% of the endotoxin in tap water and subterranean water, respectively, was smaller than 0.025 micron. Endotoxin in these water sources was efficiently removed by the microporous polyethylene hollow-fiber membrane. Escherichia coli O113 culture broth contained 26.4% of endotoxin smaller than 0.025 micron which was also removed. Endotoxin was leaked into the filtrate only when endotoxin samples were successively passed through the membrane. These results indicate that endotoxin smaller than the pore size of the membrane was adsorbed and then leaked into the filtrate because of a reduction in binding sites. Dissociation of 3H-labeled endotoxin from the membrane was performed, resulting in the removal of endotoxin associated with the membrane by alcoholic alkali at 78% efficiency.
Carbamazepine in the Treatment of Neuralgia (1968)

CARBAMAZEPINE (Tegretol) has been used for more than eight years in other countries for the treatment of epilepsy and, more recently, trigeminal neuralgia. The earliest reports on its effect in trigeminal neuralgia were by Blom1,2in Sweden, Bonduelle et al3in France, and Spillane4and Taylor5in England. Since then, there have been a number of additional papers.6-9The authors are in agreement on the effectiveness of this drug in trigeminal neuralgia, but the type and number of side effects have been quite variable. There have been occasional reports of serious hematopoietic effects,10,11but no repeated blood studies over long periods have been reported. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the side effects and also the application of this drug in some of the other neuralgias such as postherpetic, tabetic, and atypical facial neuralgia. A double-blind technique was necessary. Carbamazepine is an
Episodic viral wheeze in preschool children: effect of topical nasal corticosteroid prophylaxis (2003)

Nasal corticosteroid treatment does not prevent acute wheezy episodes associated with upper respiratory infections (common colds) in preschool children.
증례 : 담낭 결석 , 담낭염 , 뇌동맥류 및 신낭종을 동반한 Von Meyenburg Complex 1 예 (2001)

Von Meyenburg complexes (VMC) have many synonyms such as bile duct hamartomas and biliary hamartoma. These r are benign disorder s are considered as congenital diseases caused by malformed differentiation of duct al plate. The diagnosis of VMC by common radiologic modality such as ultrasound and computed tomography was nearly impossible until the emergence of cholangiopancreatography by magnetic resonance imaging (MRCP) and the pathologic examination was the only way to confirm the diagnosis of VMC. But MRCP is now considered as most accurate noninvasive method for diagnosis of VMC. We report a histologically pr oven case of VMC associated with calculous cholecystitis, cerebral aneurysm and renal cortical cyst. To our knowledge, no comparable case has been reported and this would be the only second reported case of VMC, which was diagnosed by MRCP.(Korean J Med 60:388- 392, 2001)
Cerebrovascular Cytokine Responses During Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: Specific Production of Interleukin-8 and Its Attenuation by Hypothermic Cardiopulmonary Bypass (1999)

Using juguloarterial gradients to measure cerebrovascular cytokine production is novel in the setting of cardiopulmonary bypass and implicates the cerebral activation of inflammatory processes, which may contribute to brain dysfunction. Hypothermia during cardiopulmonary bypass may significantly attenuate this response.
A novel receptor tyrosine kinase, Mer, inhibits TNF-alpha production and lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxic shock. (1999)

The regulation of monocyte function and the inhibition of TNF-alpha production during bacterial sepsis are critical in attenuating adverse host responses to endotoxemia. To study the function of a novel receptor tyrosine kinase, mer, that is expressed in monocytes, we generated mice (merkd) that lack the signaling tyrosine kinase domain. Upon LPS challenge, merkd animals died of endotoxic shock (15/17, 88.2%), whereas control wild-type mice survived (1/15, 6.7% died). Susceptible merkd mice exhibited edema, leukocyte infiltration, and signs of endotoxic shock that correlated with higher levels of TNF-alpha found in the serum of merkd mice as compared with wild-type control animals. Death due to LPS-induced endotoxic shock in merkd mice was blocked by administration of anti-TNF-alpha Ab, suggesting that overproduction of this cytokine was principally responsible for the heightened suseptibility. The increase in TNF-alpha production appeared to be the result of a substantial increase in the LPS-dependent activation of NF-kappa B nuclear translocation resulting in greater TNF-alpha production by macrophages from merkd mice. Thus, Mer receptor tyrosine kinase signaling participates in a novel inhibitory pathway in macrophages important for regulating TNF-alpha secretion and attenuating endotoxic shock.
Insecticides and timing sprays for control of san jose scale (1974)

SCALE INSECTS are among the most serious pests known to agriculture, and San Jose scale, Quadraspidiotus perniciosas (Comstock), ranks as the primary scale pest on deciduous fruit and nut trees. It is distributed worldwide and has been collected from approximately 700 different hosts. Unlike many insect pests, San Jose scale has the ability to kill all or parts of infested trees, in addition to making infested fruit unmarketable.
Space-time block coding for wireless communications: performance results (1999)

We document the performance of space-time block codes, which provide a new paradigm for transmission over Rayleigh fading channels using multiple transmit antennas. Data is encoded using a space-time block code, and the encoded data is split into n streams which are simultaneously transmitted using n transmit antennas. The received signal at each receive antenna is a linear superposition of the n transmitted signals perturbed by noise. Maximum likelihood decoding is achieved in a simple way through decoupling of the signals transmitted from different antennas rather than joint detection. This uses the orthogonal structure of the space-time block code and gives a maximum likelihood decoding algorithm which is based only on linear processing at the receiver. We review the encoding and decoding algorithms for various codes and provide simulation results demonstrating their performance. It is shown that using multiple transmit antennas and space-time block coding provides remarkable performance at the expense of almost no extra processing.
Biological evaluation of tubulysin A: a potential anticancer and antiangiogenic natural product (2006)

Tubulysin A (tubA) is a natural product isolated from a strain of myxobacteria that has been shown to depolymerize microtubules and induce mitotic arrest. The potential of tubA as an anticancer and antiangiogenic agent is explored in the present study. tubA shows potent antiproliferative activity in a panel of human cancer cell lines irrespective of their multidrug resistance properties. It induces apoptosis in cancer cells but not in normal cells and shows significant potential antiangiogenic properties in several in vitro assays. It is efficacious in initial animal studies using a hollow fibre assay with 12 different human tumour cell lines. This study suggests that both in vitro and preclinical profiles of tubA may translate into clinically useful anticancer properties.
Cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies for diagnosis of pneumococcal meningitis (1988)

A diagnostic test for the detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis was developed using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to phosphocholine (PC) and non-PC determinants of pneumococcal teichoic acids. These MAbs do not recognize other bacteria that commonly cause meningitis. By using a dot blot assay, these MAbs were compared with a polyvalent pneumococcal capsular omniserum and an antiserum made to whole cells for their ability to detect pneumococci in infected spinal fluids. An immunoglobulin M (IgM) anti-PC antibody gave a positive reaction with 16 of 22 (73%) pneumococcal culture-positive spinal fluids. One false-positive result out of 45 pneumococcal culture-negative spinal fluids was also observed. D3114/63, an IgM MAb to non-PC determinants of teichoic acids, detected 15 of 22 of the pneumococcal culture-positive spinal fluids with one false-positive result. IgG2b and IgG3 anti-PC MAbs were less efficient than the IgM anti-PC MAb at detecting pneumococci in spinal fluids. Like the IgM anti-PC MAb, omniserum detected 73% of the culture-positive pneumococcal spinal fluids, with one false-positive result. The use of anti-PC or D3114/63 MAbs instead of a pooled serum such as omniserum has several advantages: (i) use of a single cross-reactive antibody rather than 83 pooled antibodies; (ii) possibility of a higher concentration of reactive antibody, which may increase the sensitivity of the test; (iii) a standardized antibody preparation; (iv) ease of preparation of the antibody; and (v) less expense.
The bone-bonding polymer Polyactive� 80/20 induces hydroxycarbonate apatite formationin vitro (1997)

The bone-bonding polymer known as Polyactive is a block copolymer composed of a polyethylene oxide (PEO) soft segment and a polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) hard segment. This study focuses on the in vitro induction of hydroxyapatite by Polyactive. Our results show that Polyactive is capable of inducing hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCAp) formation from a metastable calcium phosphate solution analogous to a physiological solution. In a 4-day incubation, the HCAp formation extended approximately 100 microm deep from the surface. A great number of globules about 1 microm large were found in the calcified Polyactive. These globules were composed of HCAp crystals embedded in the polymer matrix. There were so many globules in the surface that they connected with each other and formed a calcified layer. Next to the calcified layer was a zone where the globules were scattered. The calcified surface may have acted to promote HCAp growth from the solution, bringing about the formation of a HCAp layer on top of the calcified layer. The transition of solid Polyactive into a Polyactive hydrogel in calcium phosphate solution permitted HCAp formation within the polymer. It is proposed that the COOH groups produced during hydrolysis of Polyactive play an important role in nucleating hydroxyapatite. A remarkable affinity of the PEO segment of the polymer for calcium ions may facilitate moving calcium and phosphate from the solution into the polymer for the growth of HCAp.
Cloning and expression analysis of the murine lymphotoxin beta gene. (1995)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and soluble lymphotoxin (LT) (also called LT-alpha or TNF-beta) are cytokines with similar biological activities that are encoded by related and closely linked genes. TNF-alpha, a mediator of the inflammatory response, exists in soluble and transmembrane forms. LT-alpha can be secreted or retained at the cell surface by binding to a 33-kDa transmembrane subunit, LT-beta. The recently cloned human LT-beta gene encodes another TNF family member and is linked to the TNF/LT locus within the major histocompatibility complex locus. The cell surface LT is a heterotrimer consisting of LT-alpha and LT-beta, whose physiological function is not yet clearly defined. We now report the sequence analysis of the genomic region and cDNA of murine LT-beta gene, which is closely associated with the TNF-alpha and LT-alpha genes within the murine major histocompatibility complex locus. Unlike the TNF-alpha, LT-alpha, and human LT-beta genes, which contain four exons, the murine LT-beta contains three exons and encodes a 244-amino acid polypeptide with a 66-amino acid insert that is absent from the human homologue. In situ hybridization demonstrates constitutive expression of LT-beta in lymphoid and hematopoietic tissues. LT-beta transcription is maximal in the thymic medulla and in splenic white pulp. LT-beta mRNA is also detected in the skin and in specific regions of the brain. The LT-beta promoter region contains putative Ets-binding sites, suggesting that the expression of LT-beta may be regulated in part by Ets transcription factors whose pattern of lymphoid expression overlaps that of LT-beta.
Chromosome Analysis in the Management of Patients with Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (1992)

Analysis of chromosome abnormalities in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has stimulated a basic inquiry into the mechanisms of gene deregulation in human tumors. A growing literature has also correlated cytogenetic and molecular genetic features of lymphoma with patient prognosis and other clinical features of the disease. The goal of this report is to review those genetic abnormalities which are currently useful in the clinical management of patients with lymphoma, and to provide a conceptual framework for this growing literature.