gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bioactive saponins from Dioscorea futschauensis. (2002)

A new anti-neoplastic spirostanol saponin, (25S)-spirost-5-en-3 beta, 27-diol-3O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside and three known compounds viz. prosapogenin A of dioscin, dioscin and gracilin were isolated from Dioscorea futschauensis by bioactivity-guided fractionation. Their structures were elucidated mainly by means of spectroscopic analysis. Their bioactivity against Pyricularia oryzae and cytotoxic activity on ts-FT210 cell line was evaluated.
Personalized Medicine in Cystic Fibrosis: Dawning of a New Era (2012)

Life expectancy in cystic fibrosis (CF) has improved substantially over the last 75 years, with a median predicted survival now approaching 40 years. This improvement has resulted largely from therapies treating end-organ manifestations. In an effort to develop drugs that would target the underlying defects in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation embarked on a bold initiative in which it established collaborations with biopharmaceutical companies to support early-stage efforts to discover new medicines for CF. This has led to the development and clinical trial testing of several novel drugs targeting specific CFTR mutations. One drug, ivacaftor, was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the approximately 4% of patients with CF who have the G551D gating mutation. Drugs targeting F508del CFTR and premature termination codons, which would be applicable to 90% of patients with CF, are undergoing clinical trials. The impact of such drugs on CFTR biomarkers, such as sweat chloride and nasal potential difference, suggests that they may reset the clinical trajectory of CF, but their effect on long-term outcomes will remain unknown for many years. Nevertheless, development of CFTR-targeted drugs represents an important milestone in CF, perhaps revolutionizing the care of these patients in a fundamental way.
In Vivo-Induced Genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2000)

In vivo expression technology was used for testing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the rat lung model of chronic infection and in a mouse model of systemic infection. Three of the eight ivi proteins found showed sequence identity to known virulence factors involved in iron acquisition via an open reading frame (called pvdI) implicated in pyoverdine biosynthesis, membrane biogenesis (FtsY), and adhesion (Hag2).
Glycemic Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2012)

This article provides a framework for establishing glycemic targets for patients with type 2 diabetes, taking into account both psychosocial and clinical factors, and discusses strategies to achieve the targets. First-line treatments and additional therapies are discussed.
Logic design verification via test generation (1988)

A method for logic design verification is introduced in which a gate-level implementation of a circuit is compared with a functional-level specification. In this method, test patterns that were developed to detect single stuck-line faults in the gate-level implementation are used instead to compare the gate-level implementation with the functional-level specification. In the presence of certain hypothesized design errors, such a test set will produce responses in the implementation that disagree with the responses in the specification. It is shown that the class of design errors that can be detected in this way is very large.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Rethinking the library OS from the top down (2011)

This paper revisits an old approach to operating system construc-tion, the library OS, in a new context. The idea of the library OS is that the personality of the OS on which an application depends runs in the address space of the application. A small, fixed set of abstractions connects the library OS to the host OS kernel, offering the promise of better system security and more rapid independent evolution of OS components.
Specific Roles of AMPA Receptor Subunit GluR1 (GluA1) Phosphorylation Sites in Regulating Synaptic Plasticity in the CA1 Region of Hippocampus (2009)

Activity-dependent changes in excitatory synaptic transmission in the CNS have been shown to depend on the regulation of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors (AMPARs). In particular, several lines of evidence suggest that reversible phosphorylation of AMPAR subunit glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1, also referred to as GluA1 or GluR-A) plays a role in long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). We previously reported that regulation of serines (S) 831 and 845 on the GluR1 subunit may play a critical role in bidirectional synaptic plasticity in the Schaffer collateral inputs to CA1. Specifically, gene knockin mice lacking both S831 and S845 phosphorylation sites ("double phosphomutants"), where both serine residues were replaced by alanines (A), showed a faster decaying LTP and a deficit in LTD. To determine which of the two phosphorylation sites was responsible for the phenotype, we have now generated two lines of gene knockin mice: one that specifically lacks S831 (S831A mutants) and another that lacks only S845 (S845A mutants). We found that S831A mutants display normal LTP and LTD, whereas S845A mutants show a specific deficit in LTD. Taken together with our previous results from the "double phosphomutants," our data suggest that either S831 or S845 alone may support LTP, whereas the S845 site is critical for LTD expression.
The Therapeutic Efficacy and Mechanism of L-arginine on Pregnancy-induced Hypertension Syndrome in Rat (2003)

To examine the pathogenesis of pregnancyinduced hypertension syndrome(PIH) in rat and the feasibility of treating it with Larginine. The rat PIH model induced by methyl ester was established, and treated with Larginine. The therapeutic efficacy on rat PIH and the changes of the indexes such as NO, NOS, ET, ANG II, TXA2 and PGI2 were detected. The symptoms and physical signs of rat PIH were obviously ameliorated by administration of Larginine. Compared with control group , low dosage group and high dosage group, the content of serum NO, ANG II and PGI2, the activity of rat NOS in model group were decreased, while ET, and TXA2 increased. So, the pathogenesis of PIH are the decrease of level of NO, activity of NOS and disequilibria of blood vessel regulating factors. The fact that the Larginine is effective for PIH may provides a new reasonable and feasible way for PIH therapy.
Selective Enrichment of Azide-Containing Peptides from Complex Mixtures (2009)

A general method is described to sequester peptides containing azides from complex peptide mixtures, aimed at facilitating mass spectrometric analysis to study different aspects of proteome dynamics. The enrichment method is based on covalent capture of azide-containing peptides by the azide-reactive cyclooctyne (ARCO) resin and is demonstrated for two different applications. Enrichment of peptides derived from cytochrome c treated with the azide-containing cross-linker bis(succinimidyl)-3-azidomethyl glutarate (BAMG) shows several cross-link containing peptides. Sequestration of peptides derived from an Escherichia coli proteome, pulse labeled with the bio-orthogonal amino acid azidohomoalanine as substitute for methionine, allows identification of numerous newly synthesized proteins. Furthermore, the method is found to be very specific, as after enrichment over 87% of all peptides contain (modified) azidohomoalanine.
Inositol hexaphosphate inhibits constitutive activation of NF- kappa B in androgen-independent human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells. (2004)

Our results suggest that IP6 could be a potent dietary agent in controlling the growth of advanced PCA cells and inducing their apoptotic death, in part, by its inhibitory effect on constitutively active NF-kappa B signaling pathway.
The role of distinct p185 neu extracellular subdomains for dimerization with the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and EGF-mediated signaling (2001)

The extracellular domain of p185(c-neu) can be viewed as a complex structure of four subdomains, two of which are cysteine-rich subdomains. We have investigated the contribution of these distinct p185(c-neu) extracellular subdomains to p185/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) heteromer formation and EGF-induced heteromeric signaling. Our studies indicate that at least two separate p185 subdomains, a region spanning subdomains I and II and subdomain IV are involved in association of p185 with the EGFR. We also demonstrated that subdomain IV reduced the heteromeric signaling and transforming activities induced by EGF after associating with EGFR. When 126 aa were deleted from subdomain IV, this small subdomain IV-derived fragment could still lead to heterodimers with EGFR and suppress EGF-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and subsequent transformation abilities. These data provide information about trans-inhibitory mechanisms of mutant p185 species and also indicate that both the entire and a part of subdomain IV may represent a therapeutic target for erbB-overexpressing tumors. Finally, these studies define a basic feature of receptor-receptor associations that are determined by cystine-knot containing subdomains.
Human Pluripotent and Progenitor Cells Display Cell Surface Cluster Differentiation Markers CD10, CD13, CD56, and MHC Class-I (1999)

Each year millions of people suffer tissue loss or end-stage organ failure. While allogeneic therapies have saved and improved countless lives, they remain imperfect solutions. These therapies are limited by critical donor shortages, long-term morbidity, and mortality. A wide variety of transplants, congenital malformations, elective surgeries, and genetic disorders have the potential for treatment with autologous stem cells as a source of HLA-matched donor tissue. Our current research is aimed at characterizing cell surface cluster differentiation (CD) markers on human progenitor and pluripotent cells to aid in isolating comparatively purified populations of these cells. This study examined human pluripotent and progenitor cells isolated from fetal, mature, and geriatric individuals for the possible presence of 15 CD markers. The response to insulin and dexamethasone revealed that the cell isolates were composed of lineage-committed progenitor cells and lineage-uncommitted pluripotent cells. Flow cytometry showed cell populations positive for CD10, CD13, CD56, and MHC Class-I markers and negative for CD3, CD5, CD7, CD11b, CD14, CD15, CD16, CD19, CD25, CD45, and CD65 markers. Northern analysis revealed that CD13 and CD56 were actively transcribed at time of cell harvest. We report the first identification of CD10, CD13, CD56, and MHC Class-I cell surface antigens on these human cells.
Catecholamines Modulate Escherichia coli O157:H7 Adherence to Murine Cecal Mucosa (2003)

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC) is an important food-borne pathogen. While the molecular mechanisms governing E. coli O157:H7 pathogenesis have been intensively investigated, the role of host factors has received less attention. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the enteric catecholamines norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) modulate interactions of the cecal mucosa with E. coli O157:H7. Full-thickness sheets of murine cecum were mounted in Ussing chambers and short circuit current and tissue electrical conductance were periodically determined to assess active transepithelial ion transport and ionic permeability, respectively. Neurochemicals and stationary-phase E. coli O157:H7 were exposed respectively to the contraluminal and luminal aspects of the mucosa. Epithelial adherence of E. coli O157:H7 was quantified by a bacterial adhesion assay after 90 min of luminal E. coli O157:H7 exposure. DA and NE increased E. coli O157:H7 adherence relative to untreated control tissues at 50% effective concentrations of 3.8 microM and 4.2 microM respectively. Pretreatment of tissues with either the alpha-adrenergic antagonist phentolamine or the beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol prevented the action of NE. The effect of DA was prevented by the dopamine antagonist haloperidol. The drugs did not impair tissue viability or transepithelial conductance. The present findings suggest that enteric catecholamines modulate E. coli O157:H7 adherence to the cecal epithelium. Conditions associated with elevated catecholamine release, such as stress exposure, may influence host susceptibility to E. coli O157:H7 infection.
Cathodoluminescence investigation of stacking faults extension in 4H‐SiC (2007)

Abstract We report the results of a cathodoluminescence (CL) investigation performed on as‐grown stacking faults in a thick, undoped, 4H‐SiC epitaxial layer grown by CVD. To investigate the size and optical signature of the defects we used, first, room‐temperature (RTCL) and then low‐temperature (LTCL) spectroscopy. From RTCL we find that all defects have identical optical properties, with a maximum emission wavelength centered at 480 nm at 300 K. We find also that the defects have a triangular shape, with large extension in the basal plane. This makes them intermediate between the usual (semi‐infinite) quantum wells (QWs) and pure (zero‐dimensional) quantum dots. From a comparison of the LTCL results with a simple computation, we determine the QW thickness and find that all SFs are made of 4 bilayers of 3C‐SiC polytype embedded in the 4H‐SiC matrix. Scanning across one single (isolated) triangular defect, we then find that the maximum signal wavelength shifts, depending on the excitation spot position over the defect. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the few experimental evidences of a screening of the built‐in electric field when increasing the carrier concentration in a fault. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An adaptive predictor for media playout buffering (1999)

Receiver playout buffers are required to smooth network delay variations for multimedia streams. Playout buffer algorithms such as those commonly used in the Internet, autoregressively measure the network delay and variation and adjust the buffer delay accordingly, to avoid packets arriving too late. In this work, we attempt to adjust the buffer delay based on a prediction of the network delay and a similar measure of variation. The philosophy here is that the use of an accurate prediction will adjust the buffer delay more effectively by tracking rapid fluctuations more accurately. Proper buffer delay can lead to either (or both) a lower total end-to-end delay for a fixed packet lateness percentage or fewer late packets for a fixed total end-to-end delay which are both important metrics for applications such as IP telephony. We present a playout algorithm based on a simple normalized least-mean-square (NLMS) adaptive predictor and demonstrate using Internet packet traces that it can yield reductions in average total end-to-end delays.
Characterization of a Novel Murine Model to Study Zika Virus (2016)

The mosquito-borne Zika virus (ZIKV) is responsible for an explosive ongoing outbreak of febrile illness across the Americas. ZIKV was previously thought to cause only a mild, flu-like illness, but during the current outbreak, an association with Guillain-Barré syndrome and microcephaly in neonates has been detected. A previous study showed that ZIKV requires murine adaptation to generate reproducible murine disease. In our study, a low-passage Cambodian isolate caused disease and mortality in mice lacking the interferon (IFN) alpha receptor (A129 mice) in an age-dependent manner, but not in similarly aged immunocompetent mice. In A129 mice, viremia peaked at ∼10(7) plaque-forming units/mL by day 2 postinfection (PI) and reached high titers in the spleen by day 1. ZIKV was detected in the brain on day 3 PI and caused signs of neurologic disease, including tremors, by day 6. Robust replication was also noted in the testis. In this model, all mice infected at the youngest age (3 weeks) succumbed to illness by day 7 PI. Older mice (11 weeks) showed signs of illness, viremia, and weight loss but recovered starting on day 8. In addition, AG129 mice, which lack both type I and II IFN responses, supported similar infection kinetics to A129 mice, but with exaggerated disease signs. This characterization of an Asian lineage ZIKV strain in a murine model, and one of the few studies reporting a model of Zika disease and demonstrating age-dependent morbidity and mortality, could provide a platform for testing the efficacy of antivirals and vaccines.
Fibers from the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala selectively innervate striosomes in the caudate nucleus of the cat (1988)

The compartmental organization of the amygdalostriatal projection was studied in the cat by comparing staining patterns seen by cholinesterase enzyme histochemistry with the distribution of fibers labelled with a horseradish peroxidase-wheat germ agglutinin conjugate or by incorporation of 35S-methionine or 3H-leucine. Fibers from the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala were found to innervate selectively acetylcholinesterase-poor striosomes demonstrated in the caudate nucleus and butyrylcholinesterase-rich zones observed in the anterodorsal nucleus accumbens. In no case were the amygdalar fibers fully restricted to striosomes, but the nature and degree of labelling of the striatal matrix, as well as the range of the labelled fibers in dorsal striatum, varied with the positions of the injection sites.
Low expression levels of soluble CD1d gene in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (2003)

Our findings suggest that low expression of soluble CD1d variants might play a role in the formation of symptoms or pathogenesis of RA.
Engineering of a Synthetic Metabolic Pathway for the Assimilation of (d)-Xylose into Value-Added Chemicals (2015)

A synthetic pathway for (d)-xylose assimilation was stoichiometrically evaluated and implemented in Escherichia coli strains. The pathway proceeds via isomerization of (d)-xylose to (d)-xylulose, phosphorylation of (d)-xylulose to obtain (d)-xylulose-1-phosphate (X1P), and aldolytic cleavage of the latter to yield glycolaldehyde and DHAP. Stoichiometric analyses showed that this pathway provides access to ethylene glycol with a theoretical molar yield of 1. Alternatively, both glycolaldehyde and DHAP can be converted to glycolic acid with a theoretical yield that is 20% higher than for the exclusive production of this acid via the glyoxylate shunt. Simultaneous expression of xylulose-1 kinase and X1P aldolase activities, provided by human ketohexokinase-C and human aldolase-B, respectively, restored growth of a (d)-xylulose-5-kinase mutant on xylose. This strain produced ethylene glycol as the major metabolic endproduct. Metabolic engineering provided strains that assimilated the entire C2 fraction into the central metabolism or that produced 4.3 g/L glycolic acid at a molar yield of 0.9 in shake flasks.
Signal statistics obtained from a LMSS experiment in Europe with the MARECS satellite (1994)

A land mobile satellite system (LMSS) propagation experiment at 1.5 GHz has been carried out in Europe in the framework of ESA's PROSAT program using the MARECS satellite as the signal source. Rural, suburban and urban environments were investigated in Spain, France and Sweden in order to analyze the propagation factors responsible for degradations in LMSS. A second series of tests were performed in Spain using a locomotive as mobile platform. The results obtained show that shadowing is the main impairment in LMSS, achieving availabilities of 80-90% for the unfaded signal which decrease to 30% for the extreme cases of urban environments, dense woods, or suburban environments in low elevation angles, or railroads with a large number of tunnels.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells, Vascular Function, and Cardiovascular Risk (2003)

In healthy men, levels of endothelial progenitor cells may be a surrogate biologic marker for vascular function and cumulative cardiovascular risk. These findings suggest that endothelial injury in the absence of sufficient circulating progenitor cells may affect the progression of cardiovascular disease.
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: A review of indications, complications and outcome (2000)

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) was first described in 1980 as an effective method of feeding via the stomach in situations where oral intake is not possible. Its simplicity has led to its potential use in areas of dubious clinical benefit. Our unit has faced a major increase in referrals for PEG insertion over the last 2 years. For this reason we decided to audit our PEG insertion procedures with regard to indications, complications, outcome and follow up. We studied 168 patients who had an initial PEG insertion during the period 1 February 1996-31 January 1998. The medical records of these patients were reviewed with regard to the procedure, antibiotic use and complications. All patients (or carers or next of kin) were contacted by telephone to provide details regarding late complications and follow up. There were 87 females and 81 males (aged 16-98 years, median age 70 years). At 2 years, 67% were alive. The most frequent indication for PEG insertion was a neurological condition, the commonest being stroke. Most patients received either ticarcillin/clavulanic acid or cephazolin antibiotic prophylaxis before and after the procedure. In six patients (3.6%) infection at the PEG site required intravenous antibiotics. Four of these six patients did not have antibiotic prophylaxis. Only two deaths could be directly related to the procedure. Three died within 7 days of the procedure due to unrelated medical complications. Sixteen patients died within 1 month, the majority of these patients did not leave hospital. One-fifth of the patients (35/168) had their PEG removed due to the re-establishment of oral feeding, with median time of use, 4.3 months. It is a safe, effective feeding method in the elderly, but experience with case selection, the procedure and careful follow up remain essential. The use of prophylactic antibiotics resulted in few significant infections of the PEG site. Up to one-fifth of patients will require their PEG only for a short term.
Sulphinyl, sulphonyl, and sulphonium groups as leaving groups in aromatic nucleophilic substitutions (1982)

The kinetics of hydrolysis of mononitrophenyl sulphoxides, sulphones, and sulphonium methylsulphate by sodium hydroxide have been measured in 25% aqueous dioxan. The mobility order of the leaving groups ([graphic omitted]Me2 SO ≃ SO2for p- nitro -derivatives, and SO > SO2for o-nitro-derivatives) are discussed in terms of electronic and steric effects.
Relationship between c‐Kit expression and proliferation in acute myeloblastic leukemia cell lines (1993)

We have proposed that the transmembrane receptor encoded by the c-Kit protooncogene and its ligand play an important role in regulating the proliferation of blasts cells in acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). To test this hypothesis, immunobeads were used to separate blasts from three Kit-expression positive cell lines into strongly Kit-protein positive and weakly Kit-protein positive fractions. The strongly positive fraction had greater proliferative potential than the weakly positive fraction as assessed both by colony-formation in methylcellulose and growth of clonogenic cells in suspension. The reproducibility of the percentage of each blast population found in the strongly and weakly positive fractions provided evidence that Kit-protein expression is regulated. Kinetic experiments provided evidence for reversible transitions between strong and weak Kit protein expression. Thus regulated expression of the Kit receptor may be a mechanism for controlling blast cell growth in culture.