gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction of photodynamic therapy and hyperthermia: tumor response and cell survival studies after treatment of mice in vivo. (1985)

The interaction of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and hyperthermia was studied in the radiation-induced-fibrosarcoma experimental mouse tumor system by tumor regrowth experiments as well as in vivo to in vitro cloning assays. In vivo, PDT (Photofrin II, 10 mg/kg i.p.), followed 24 h later by light (135 J/cm2, 630 nm) and/or heat (44 degrees C, 30 min) caused severe vascular damage (congestion of tumor vessels and hemorrhage) and subsequent disappearance of palpable tumor mass. While heat-treated tumors always started to regrow within 2 days of treatment, regrowth if it occurred was delayed to 4-5 days after PDT and 6-7 days following combined treatments. Only PDT followed by heat cured a considerable number of animals (45%), while PDT alone and heat followed by PDT cured less than 10% of animals, and heat alone caused no tumor cures. The various treatments differed in their immediate as well as their delayed effects on tumor clonogenicity when observed over a 24-h period. Tumors treated with PDT showed no immediate changes in clonogenicity, but progressive delayed cell death occurred if tumors remained in situ. Heat alone led to an immediate reduction in the number of clonogenic tumor cells, followed by some additional cell death for 4 h and subsequent recovery of clonogenicity. PDT followed by heat caused markedly potentiated immediate reduction in cell survival which may be the result of direct interaction of heat and PDT damage affecting the tumor cells. Some tumors rapidly progressed to total eradication, whereas others showed delayed survival values similar to those for tumor having received PDT only. In the reverse sequence, heat before PDT, the tumor cell survival kinetics resembled those following heat treatment alone. The comparative lack of effectiveness of this treatment regimen can be explained by the severe tumor hemorrhage caused by the initial heat treatment which reduces the transmission of light essential for the subsequent PDT treatment. This study shows that despite pronounced similarities in the microscopic and macroscopic appearance shortly after treatment by PDT or hyperthermia, these two modalities lead to tumor destruction by different mechanisms. Furthermore the combination of these two modalities in the proper sequence leads to potentiated cytocidal effects on the tumor cells in vivo.
Affinity-chromatographic studies based on the binding-specificity of the lambda receptor of Escherichia coli. (1982)

The lambda receptor in the outer-membrane of Escherichia coli is capable of binding macromolecular polysaccharides. Bio-specific binding of bacteria to covalently immobilized ligands of the lambda receptor can also be demonstrated. This finding can be exploited for the affinity-chromatographic separation of E. coli populations differing in surface-receptor characteristics. The technique is applicable to the affinity-chromatographic enrichments of mutants with changes in the lambda receptor-binding site or in the regulation of its synthesis.
IL-2 and IL-15 Regulate CD154 Expression on Activated CD4 T Cells (2000)

The cellular and humoral immune system is critically dependent upon CD40-CD154 (CD40 ligand) interactions between CD40 expressed on B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, and CD154 expressed primarily on CD4 T cells. Previous studies have shown that CD154 is transiently expressed on CD4 T cells after T cell receptor engagement in vitro. However, we found that stimulation of PBLs with maximal CD28 costimulation, using beads coupled to Abs against CD3 and CD28, led to a very prolonged expression of CD154 on CD4 cells (>4 days) that was dependent upon autocrine IL-2 production. Previously activated CD4 T cells could respond to IL-2, or the related cytokine IL-15, by de novo CD154 production and expression without requiring an additional signal from CD3 and CD28. These results provide evidence that CD28 costimulation of CD4 T cells, through autocrine IL-2 production, maintains high levels of CD154 expression. This has significant impact on our understanding of the acquired immune response and may provide insight concerning the mechanisms underlying several immunological diseases.
Short Communication: Fine Definition of a Conserved CCR5-Binding Region on the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Glycoprotein 120 (2000)

A previous study implicated a conserved surface of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) gp120 exterior envelope glycoprotein in binding the CCR5 viral coreceptor (Rizzuto C, Wyatt R, Hernández-Ramos N, Sun Y, Kwong PD, Hendrickson WA, and Sodroski J: Science 1998;280:1949–1953). Additional mutagenesis indicates that important residues in this region for CCR5 binding are Ile-420, Lys-421, Gln-422, Pro-438, and Gly-441. These highly conserved residues are located on two strands that connect the gp120 bridging sheet and outer domain, suggesting a mechanism whereby interdomain conformational shifts induced by CD4 binding could facilitate CCR5 binding.
Characterization of a Maize Chromosome 4 Centromeric Sequence: Evidence for an Evolutionary Relationship With the B Chromosome Centromere (2001)

Previous work has identified sequences specific to the B chromosome that are a major component of the B centromere. To address the issue of the origin of the B and the evolution of centromere-localized sequences, DNA prepared from plants without B chromosomes was probed to seek evidence for related sequences. Clones were isolated from maize line B73 without B chromosomes by screening DNA at reduced stringency with a B centromeric probe. These clones were localized to maize centromere 4 using fluorescence in situ hybridization. They showed homology to a maize centromere-mapped sequence, to maize B chromosome centromere sequences, and to a portion of the unit repeat of knobs, which act as neocentromeres in maize. A representative copy was used to screen a BAC library to obtain these sequences in a larger context. Each of the six positive BACs obtained was analyzed to determine the nature of centromere 4-specific sequences present. Fifteen subclones of one BAC were sequenced and the organization of this chromosome 4-specific repeat was examined.
NOX1 Deficiency Protects From Aortic Dissection in Response to Angiotensin II (2007)

Oxidative stress leads to vascular damage and participates in the pathomechanisms of aortic dissection and aneurysm formation. Here we study aortic dissection in mice deficient in the superoxide-generating reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase NOX1. Seven days of treatment with the hypertensive agent angiotensin II (3 mg/kg per day) led to aortic dissection in 23% of wild-type C57BL/6J mice but in only 4% of NOX1-deficient mice (P=0.05). In contrast, treatment of wild-type C57BL/6J mice with the hypertensive agent norepinephrine (12 mg/kg per day), did not lead to aortic dissection or sudden death, suggesting that hypertension is not sufficient to cause aortic dissection. Interestingly, norepinephrine-dependent blood pressure elevations were conserved in NOX1-deficient mice, demonstrating that, different from angiotensin II, it acts through NOX1-independent hypertensive mechanisms. The resistance of NOX1-deficient mice to angiotensin II-induced aortic dissection suggests a role for NOX1-dependent alterations of the vascular wall. We, therefore, studied gene expression and protease/inhibitor equilibrium. cDNA array analysis demonstrated differential effects of angiotensin II on gene expression in wild-type and NOX1-deficient mice. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 was increased both on the mRNA and the protein level in aortas from NOX1-deficient mice. Thus, our results demonstrate that NOX1 is involved in the mechanisms of angiotensin II-dependent aortic dissection. As one underlying mechanism, we have identified NOX1-dependent suppression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 expression, which could lead to tissue damage through an altered protease/inhibitor balance.
Design, Synthesis, and Preclinical Characterization of Novel, Highly Selective Indole Estrogens (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXTDesign, Synthesis, and Preclinical Characterization of Novel, Highly Selective Indole EstrogensChris P. Miller, Michael D. Collini, Bach D. Tran, Heather A. Harris, Yogendra P. Kharode, James T. Marzolf, Robert A. Moran, Ruth A. Henderson, Reinhold H. W. Bender, Rayomond J. Unwalla, Lee M. Greenberger, John P. Yardley, Magid A. Abou-Gharbia, C. Richard Lyttle, and Barry S. KommView Author Information Wyeth-Ayerst Research, Chemical Sciences, 145 King of Prussia Road, Radnor, Pennsylvania 19087, Wyeth-Ayerst Research Women's Health Research Institute, 145 King of Prussia Road, Radnor, Pennsylvania 19087, Wyeth-Ayerst Research, Biology Chemistry, 145 King of Prussia Road, Radnor, Pennsylvania 19087, and Wyeth-Ayerst Research, Oncology and Immunoinflammatory Research, Pearl River, New York 10965 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2001, 44, 11, 1654–1657Publication Date (Web):April 25, 2001Publication History Received27 February 2001Published online25 April 2001Published inissue 1 May 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm010086mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm010086mrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2365Altmetric-Citations113LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Antagonists,Assays,Indoles,Receptors,Rodent models Get e-Alerts
Alterations in Tocopherol Cyclase Activity in Transgenic and Mutant Plants of Arabidopsis Affect Tocopherol Content, Tocopherol Composition, and Oxidative Stress (2005)

Tocopherol belongs to the Vitamin E class of lipid soluble antioxidants that are essential for human nutrition. In plants, tocopherol is synthesized in plastids where it protects membranes from oxidative degradation by reactive oxygen species. Tocopherol cyclase (VTE1) catalyzes the penultimate step of tocopherol synthesis, and an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant deficient in VTE1 (vte1) is totally devoid of tocopherol. Overexpression of VTE1 resulted in an increase in total tocopherol of at least 7-fold in leaves, and a dramatic shift from alpha-tocopherol to gamma-tocopherol. Expression studies demonstrated that indeed VTE1 is a major limiting factor of tocopherol synthesis in leaves. Tocopherol deficiency in vte1 resulted in the increase in ascorbate and glutathione, whereas accumulation of tocopherol in VTE1 overexpressing plants led to a decrease in ascorbate and glutathione. Deficiency in one antioxidant in vte1, vtc1 (ascorbate deficient), or cad2 (glutathione deficient) led to increased oxidative stress and to the concomitant increase in alternative antioxidants. Double mutants of vte1 were generated with vtc1 and cad2. Whereas growth, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic quantum yield were very similar to wild type in vte1, vtc1, cad2, or vte1vtc1, they were reduced in vte1cad2, indicating that the simultaneous loss of tocopherol and glutathione results in moderate oxidative stress that affects the stability and the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus.
IL-32 synergizes with nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD) 1 and NOD2 ligands for IL-1β and IL-6 production through a caspase 1-dependent mechanism (2005)

The activation of innate immunity requires the amplification of signals induced by pattern-recognition receptors for bacterial products. We have investigated the role of the newly described cytokine IL-32 in the amplification of cytokine production induced by the two most clinically relevant families of microbial receptors, the cell-surface Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the intracellular nuclear oligomerization domain (NOD) receptor family. IL-32 synergized with the NOD1- and NOD2-specific muropeptides of peptidoglycans for the release of IL-1beta and IL-6 (a 3- to 10-fold increase). In contrast, IL-32 did not influence the cytokine production induced via TLRs. The synergistic effect of IL-32 and synthetic muramyl dipeptide (MDP) on cytokine production was absent in the cells of patients with Crohn's disease bearing the NOD2 frameshift mutation 3020insC, demonstrating that the IL-32/MDP synergism depends on NOD2. This in vitro synergism between IL-32 and NOD2 ligands was consistent with a marked constitutive expression of IL-32 in human colon epithelial tissue. In addition, the potentiating effect of IL-32 on the cytokine production induced by the synthetic muropeptide FK-156 was absent in NOD1-deficient macrophages, supporting the interaction between IL-32 and NOD1 pathways. When specific caspase inhibitors were used, the synergism between IL-32 and MDP/NOD2 depended on the activation of caspase 1. Only additive effects of IL-32 and muropeptides were observed for TNF-alpha production. The modulation of intracellular NOD2 pathways by IL-32, but not cell-surface TLRs, and the marked expression of IL-32 in colon mucosa suggest a role of IL-32 in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease.
Simple syntheses of glycofuranosylamines derived from D-xylose, D-mannose, and L-rhamnose, intermediates in the preparation of some N-glycofuranosyl uracils (1971)

3,5-O-Isopropylidene-D-xylofuranosylamine, 2,3-O-isopropylidene-L-rhamnofuranosylamine, and 2,3:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-D-mannofuranosylamine have been prepared in high yield as toluene-p-sulphonates by reaction of the corresponding pyranosylamines with acetone, 2,2-dimethoxypropane, and toluene-p-sulphonic acid; the glycofuranosylamines have been used to prepare pyrimidine nucleosides.
Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Removal by Vapor Permeation at Low VOC Concentrations: Laboratory Scale Results and Modeling for Scale Up (2011)

Petroleum transformation industries have applied membrane processes for solvent and hydrocarbon recovery as an economic alternative to reduce their emissions and reuse evaporated components. Separation of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (toluene-propylene-butadiene) from air was performed using a poly dimethyl siloxane (PDMS)/α-alumina membrane. The experimental set-up followed the constant pressure/variable flow set-up and was operated at ~21 °C. The membrane is held in a stainless steel module and has a separation area of 55 × 10-4 m². Feed stream was set to atmospheric pressure and permeate side to vacuum between 3 and 5 mbar. To determine the performance of the module, the removed fraction of VOC was analyzed by Gas Chromatography/Flame Ionization Detector (GC/FID). The separation of the binary, ternary and quaternary hydrocarbon mixtures from air was performed at different flow rates and more especially at low concentrations. The permeate flux, permeance, enrichment factor, separation efficiency and the recovery extent of the membrane were determined as a function of these operating conditions. The permeability coefficients and the permeate flux through the composite PDMS-alumina membrane follow the order given by the Hildebrand parameter: toluene > 1,3-butadiene > propylene. The simulated data for the binary VOC/air mixtures showed fairly good agreement with the experimental results in the case of 1,3-butadiene and propylene. The discrepancies observed for toluene permeation could be minimized by taking into account the effects of the porous support and an influence of the concentration polarization. Finally, the installation of a 0.02 m2 membrane module would reduce 95% of the VOC content introduced at real concentration conditions used in the oil industry.
Novel Organometallic Building Blocks for Crystal Engineering. Synthesis and Structural Characterization of the Dicarboxylic Acid [Cr0(η6-C6H5COOH)2], of Two Polymorphs of Its Oxidation Derivative [CrI(η6-C6H5COOH)2]+[PF6]-, and of the Zwitterionic Form [CrI(η6-C6H5COOH)(η6-C6H5COO)] (2001)

The synthesis and structural characterization of the neutral diamagnetic organometallic dicarboxylic acid [Cr0(η6-C6H5COOH)2] (1) is reported. Oxidation of 1 by oxygen leads to formation of the paramagnetic dicarboxylic acid cation [CrI(η6-C6H5COOH)2]+ (2), which has been isolated as the [PF6]- salt in two crystalline polymorphic modifications, a monoclinic form α and a triclinic form β. The neutral zwitterionic form [CrI(η6-C6H5COOH)(η6-C6H5COO)] (3) has been obtained in a cocrystal with [NH4][PF6] upon treatment of the acid salt [CrI(η6-C6H5COOH)2]+[PF6]-with ammonia. The hydrogen bonding interactions established by the neutral and cationic acids are discussed and compared with those observed in the zwitterionic form and in the related complexes [FeII(η5-C5H4COOH)2] and [CoIII(η5-C5H4COOH)2]+[PF6]-.
A Novel Microwave Tomography System Based on the Scattering Probe Technique (2011)

In this paper, we introduce a novel microwave tomography system, which utilizes 24 double-layered Vivaldi antennas, each of which is equipped with a diode-loaded printed-wire probe. By biasing the probe's diodes, the impedance of the probe is modified, allowing an indirect measurement of the electric field at the probe's locations. Each printed-wire probe is loaded with five equally spaced p-i-n diodes, in series. We show that electric field data collected in this way within the proposed tomography system can be used to reconstruct the dielectric properties of an object of interest. Reconstructions for various objects are shown. Although the results are still preliminary, sufficient experimentation has been done to delineate the advantages of such an indirect method of collecting scattered-field data for tomographic imaging purposes.
Properties of immunotoxins against a glycolipid antigen associated with Burkitt's lymphoma. (1984)

A monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody (38-13) which recognizes Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cells, by reacting with the neutral glycolipid Gal alpha 1 leads to 4-Gal beta 1 leads to 4-Glc beta 1 leads to 1-ceramide, was recently characterized. This monoclonal IgM was coupled to either ricin A chain or gelonin. The two different immunotoxins obtained retained the apparent immunological specificity of 38-13 IgM, as shown by flow cytofluorometry analysis and complement-dependent cytotoxicity test. The BL Ramos cells and the apparently irrelevant Epstein-Barr virus-containing lymphoblastoid Priess cells were used as targets in in vitro assays of the cytotoxic properties of the two immunotoxins by measuring the inhibition of protein synthesis. Isolated ricin A chain, gelonin, and 38-13 IgM exhibited very low intrinsic cytotoxicity on both target cells. 38-13 ricin A chain and 38-13 gelonin conjugates exerted toxic effects on both target cells which were about 6000-fold and 3000-fold higher than uncoupled ricin A chain and gelonin, respectively. The toxicity of these conjugates almost reached that of intact ricin. On Ramos BL cells, the kinetics of action of the 38-13 ricin A chain conjugate was almost as fast as that of intact ricin, because 50% protein synthesis inhibition was reached after 3 hr. In contrast, the kinetics of action in the non-BL Priess was much slower (50% protein synthesis inhibition after 10 hr). An obviously irrelevant immunotoxin (anti-trinitrophenol IgM-ricin A chain) had no significant cytotoxic effect on BL Ramos and non-BL Priess cells. An excess of D-galactose was shown previously to inhibit the 38-13 IgM from binding to the reactive glycolipid antigen bearing a terminal galactose. An excess of D-galactose (0.1 M) inhibited the cytotoxic effect of the two 38-13 immunotoxins, whereas it did not prevent the cytotoxic effect of the anti-trinitrophenol immunotoxin on the same trinitrophenol labeled target cells. These data suggest that the cytotoxic effect observed with 38-13 immunotoxins on non-BL Priess cells was mediated through their binding to a very low number of antigenic sites undetectable by conventional immunological methods. The main characteristics of 38-13 immunotoxins appear to be their fast kinetics of action and the very low number of antigenic sites required for the expression of their toxic effects. These properties could be related to the glycolipid nature of the reacting antigen. Such glycolipid antigens would represent valuable targets for therapeutic use of immunotoxins.
Golgi-enriched membrane fractions from rat brain and liver contain long-chain polyisoprenyl pyrophosphate phosphatase activity (1991)

The subcellular distribution of polyisoprenyl pyrophosphate phosphatase activity has been examined in rat brain by assaying the release of 32Pi from [beta-32P]dolichyl pyrophosphate (Dol-P-P) as described previously (Scher,M.G. and Waechter, C.J. (1984) J. Biol. Chem., 259, 14580-14585). The highest specific activities of Dol-P-P phosphatase in rat brain were found in the Golgi-enriched light microsomal, synaptic plasma membrane and heavy microsomal fractions. A comparative analysis of the distribution of galactosyltransferase and dolichol kinase reveals that Dol-P-P phosphatase activity co-fractionates with galactosyltransferase activity, and that the high level found in the Golgi-enriched fraction is not due to cross-contamination with heavy microsomes. When beta-labelled C95 Dol-P-P and the C95 allylic polyisoprenyl pyrophosphate (Poly-P-P) were compared as substrates for the Golgi-enriched light microsomal and heavy microsomal fractions, similar Km values were calculated for the two pyrophosphorylated substrates for each membrane fraction. Based on these kinetic analyses, the enzyme(s) catalysing this reaction do not distinguish between substrates containing saturated or allylic alpha-isoprene units. When Dol-P-P phosphatase activity was assessed in submicrosomal fractions obtained from rat liver by two separate procedures, the highest specific activity was also detected in the Golgi-enriched fraction. While the specific activities for Dol-P-P phosphatase and sialyltransferase were in the relative order of Golgi greater than smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) greater than rough ER, the relative order of dolichol kinase was rough ER greater than smooth ER greater than Golgi.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)