gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sentiment Analysis: Adjectives and Adverbs are better than Adjectives Alone (2007)

To date, there is almost no work on the use of adverbs in sentiment analysis, nor has there been any work on the use of adverb-adjective combinations (AACs). We propose an AAC-based sentiment analy-sis technique that uses a linguistic analysis of adverbs of degree. We define a set of general axioms (based on a classification of adverbs of degree into five categories) that all adverb scoring techniques must satisfy. Instead of aggregating scores of both adverbs and adjectives using simple scoring functions, we propose an axiomatic treatment of AACs based on the linguistic classification of adverbs. Three spe-cific AAC scoring methods that satisfy the axioms are presented. We describe the results of experiments on an annotated set of 200 news articles (annotated by 10 students) and compare our algorithms with some existing sentiment analysis algorithms. We show that our re-sults lead to higher accuracy based on Pearson correlation with hu-man subjects.
Fmoc Solid Phase Synthesis of Polyamides Containing Pyrrole and Imidazole Amino Acids (2001)

[structure: see text]. Polyamides containing N-methylimidazole (Im) and N-methylpyrrole (Py) amino acids are synthetic ligands that have an affinity and specificity for DNA comparable to those of many naturally occurring DNA binding proteins. A machine-assisted Fmoc solid phase synthesis of polyamides has been optimized to afford high stepwise coupling yields (>99%). Two monomer building blocks, Fmoc-Py acid and Fmoc-Im acid, were prepared in multigram scale. Cleavage by aminolysis followed by HPLC purification affords up to 200 mg quantities of polyamide with purities and yields greater than or equal to those reported using Boc chemistry. A broader set of reaction conditions will increase the number and complexity of minor groove binding polyamides which may be prepared and help ensure compatibility with many commercially available peptide synthesizers.
MPEG Video Transcoding with Joint Temporal-Spatial Rate Control (2002)

Novel temporal-spatial rate control solutions for MPEG video transcoding are investigated in this paper. We present two rate control approaches for MPEG video transcoding, one for IPP (including only I and P frames, no B frames) streams and the other for IBP (including I, P and B frames) streams. The proposed rate control schemes adapt the frame rate and the quantization step size simultaneously according to the available channel bandwidth to achieve a good temporal-spatial quality tradeoff. In our proposed solutions, key frames are not allowed for skipping in order to maintain the prediction sequential order, and the MPEG-4 quadratic Rate-Qtz model is adopted to calculate the quantization step size from a given target bit rate. Simulations show that the proposed rate control method for IPP stream transcoding achieves a higher average PSNR value than the MPEG-4 rate control (frame level) with a constant frame rate in CBR channels. Furthermore, the proposed rate control method for IBP stream transcoding can significantly enhance the transcoded video quality in VBR channels, in comparison with straightforward MPEG video transcoding by adjusting the quantization step size at a constant frame rate. The two proposed transcoders are in low computational complexity so that they can be used in real-time transcoding applications.
Biliary reconstruction is enhanced with a collagen-polyethylene glycol sealant. (2002)

Bile leaks occur in up to 27 per cent of liver transplant patients after biliary reconstruction. Synthetic sealants have not been investigated for these biliary procedures. We performed a randomized controlled study to evaluate a novel absorbable polyethylene glycol/collagen biopolymer sealant (CT3 Surgical Sealant) after incomplete end-to-end choledochocholedochostomy (CDCD) in pigs. Pigs (n = 18) underwent transection of the common bile duct and incomplete CDCD over a T-tube, leaving a one-sixth circumferential defect anteriorly. Animals were randomly assigned to treatment (CDCD with sealant, n = 9) or control (no sealant, n = 9). Drains were used to monitor leak volume and bilirubin (bili) concentration. Cholangiography was performed on postoperative day 3. Leaks were defined as drain bili/serum bill > 3, total drain output > 10 mL/kg, and/or extravasation on cholangiography. Animals sacrificed at 3 and 8 weeks (n = 4 and n = 5 from each group, respectively) underwent pathologic examination of the CDCD site. Statistical methods included Student's t test, chi2, linear regression, and analysis of variance procedures. The control group had a higher drain output rate over the first 4 postoperative days than the treatment group (P < 0.05, analysis of variance). Five of nine (56%) control and one of nine (11%) treatment animals had a bile leak (P < 0.05, chi2). There was no major inflammatory response to the sealant versus controls. We conclude that CT3 is effective in decreasing biliary leaks in an incomplete CDCD porcine model with no major adverse pathologic changes. This sealant should be considered for trials for biliary reconstruction in humans.
Differential Accumulation of Proteinase Inhibitor I in Normal and Crown Gall Tissue of Tobacco, Tomato, and Potato (1976)

A proteinase inhibitor (inhibitor I) is induced in crown gall tumors of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) initiated through infection with the tumorinducing bacterium, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, strains B6 or CG-14. Uninfected tissues do not contain immunologically detectable quantities of inhibitor I. Inhibitor I synthesis in tobacco crown gall tumors paralleled tumor growth at the average rate of about 4.5 mug of inhibitor I per 200 mg of fresh tissue per day. Infection of variegated tobacco mutant Dp-I with A. tumefaciens strain CG-14 produced tumors with 25% more inhibitor than tumors induced with strain B6. Unlike tobacco, tumors induced by either bacterial strain on potato (Solanum tuberosum) and on tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) did not accumulate inhibitor I. Consequently, inhibitor I accumulation is modulated by the type of plant host used in spite of familial relatedness (Solanaceae) and the strain of A. tumefaciens used for infection.Immunological and electrophoretic properties of inhibitor I from tobacco crown gall tumor, callus, etiolated, and variegated tissues were compared. Agar immunodiffusion assays showed no apparent differences among precipitin reaction lines between inhibitor I of tumor, callus, variegated, and etiolated tissues. The immunoelectrophoretic mobilities of inhibitor I of tumor, variegated, and etiolated tissues were the same, but differed from that of either normal or crown gall callus tissues. These results suggest that different isoinhibitors of inhibitor I could account for the observed differences in electrophoretic mobilities, or that modification of the inhibitor has occurred sometime during, or after, its synthesis.
Predicting protein function from protein/proteininteraction data: a probabilistic approach (2003)

We applied the method to a protein-protein interaction dataset for the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae using the Gene Ontology (GO) terms as function labels. The method reconstructed known GO term assignments with high precision, and produced putative GO assignments to 320 proteins that currently lack GO annotation, which represents about 10% of the unlabeled proteins in S. cerevisiae.
Embedding data mappers with distributed memory machine compilers (1993)

article Embedding data mappers with distributed memory machine compilers Share on Authors: Ravi Ponnusamy View Profile , Joel Saltz View Profile , Raja Das View Profile , Charles Koelbel View Profile , Alok Choudhary View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGPLAN NoticesVolume 28Issue 1Jan. 1993 pp 52–55https://doi.org/10.1145/156668.156687Online:01 January 1993Publication History 8citation78DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations8Total Downloads78Last 12 Months2Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Mobile IP-based multicast as a service for mobile hosts (2002)

There is an increasing need to support user mobility in today's computing environments. The incorporation of multicast routing support in a mobile computing environment presents several challenges. Of special interest are mobile multicast schemes suitable for TCP/IP networks in general, and the Internet in particular. The paper outlines a design of network layer modules in a 4.3 BSD UNIX system to provide mobile routing support. This basic routing capability is then used to serve as the foundation for the design of a multicast service facility for mobile hosts. The scheme presented leverages for existing IP multicast for static hosts to effectively provide multicast services for mobile hosts as well.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Postfusion Instability at the Adjacent Segments After Rigid Pedicle Screw Fixation for Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Disorders (1995)

Sixty-five patients who underwent wide laminectomy, Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation, and fusion for lumbar degenerative disorders were reviewed radiographically to investigate the incidence and contributing factors of the postfusion instability at the adjacent segments immediately above or below the level of fusion. Thirty-four were men and 31 were women. The mean age was 55.8 years. The average follow-up time was 39 months. Postfusion instability was studied at a total of 107 adjacent segments in 65 patients. The incidence of postfusion instability noted at final follow-up was 24.6% (15 of 61 patients). The incidence was significantly more often observed in the adjacent segments above the fusion than below the fusion, at rates of 25.5 and 2.6%, respectively. The most common instability was posterior translation (9 of 15 patients). Regarding contributing factors for instability at the adjacent segment above the fusion levels, the age of patients was the most significant factor. The incidence was 36.7% (11 of 30 patients) in older patients (> 55 years old) and 12% (3 of 25 patients) in younger patients (< 55 years old). In four patients with a preoperative of > 3 mm anterior translation, instability progressed further postoperatively. To prevent postoperative instability, attention must be paid especially above the fusion levels of the elderly and the preoperative minimal anterior translation.
Genomic Cloning and Heterologous Expression of Human Differentiation-Stimulating Factor (1989)

Differentiation-stimulating factor (D-factor) purified from mouse Ehrlich ascites cells was sequenced partially and found to be almost identical to leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) from mouse Krebs II ascites cells. In comparison to LIF, D-factor had an additional amino-terminal serine residue. Using synthetic oligonucleotide probes designed from the murine D-factor sequence, we cloned the human gene encoding D-factor. A partial D-factor cDNA was cloned from COS-1 cells transfected with the human D-factor gene under the control of a heterologous promoter. We used this cDNA to construct a vector for direct expression of the protein in Escherichia coli. A mammalian cell expression vector was constructed using the signal sequence of interferon-alpha A linked to the D-factor cDNA. Both forms of recombinant human D-factor were active on the murine myeloid leukemia cell line M1 in a dose- and time-dependent manner for the inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation, and also induced phagocytosis, Fc receptor expression, and prostaglandin E2 synthesis by M1 cells.
Gemin5, a Novel WD Repeat Protein Component of the SMN Complex That Binds Sm Proteins (2002)

The survival of motor neurons (SMN) protein is the product of the disease gene of spinal muscular atrophy and is found both in the cytoplasm and the nucleus, where it is concentrated in gems. SMN is part of a multi-protein complex that includes Gemin2, Gemin3, and Gemin4. The SMN complex plays an important role in the cytoplasmic assembly of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) and likely other RNPs in pre-mRNA splicing and in the assembly of transcriptosomes. Here, we report the identification of an additional component of the SMN complex, a novel WD repeat protein termed Gemin5. Gemin5 binds SMN directly and is a component of the SMN complex. Furthermore, Gemin5 interacts with several of the snRNP core proteins including SmB, SmD1, SmD2, SmD3, and SmE, suggesting that it participates in the activities of the SMN complex in snRNP assembly. Immunolocalization studies demonstrate that Gemin5 is found in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus, where it colocalizes with SMN in gems. The presence of 13 WD repeat domains in the amino-terminal half of Gemin5 and a coiled-coil motif near its carboxyl terminus indicate that it may form a large heteromeric complex and engage in multiple interactions.
Application of dual internal standards for precise sizing of polymerase chain reaction products using capillary electrophoresis (1995)

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is an analytical technique which provides rapid, high resolution analysis of amplified DNA fragments produced by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In this study, two internal standards are used as size markers to bracket und precisely size PCR products. The technique is applied to typing PCR products from the short tandem repeat locus HUMTH01. HUMTH01 consists of five to seven major alleles in the size range of 179-203 bp, with each allele four bp apart. Using this genetic marker, a population containing 97 individuals was examined with both polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and CE. Identical genotypes were obtained with both techniques demonstrating the reliability of CE in DNA typing applications. The DNA analysis took place in sets of 10 with a calibration of the CE being performed between each set of samples. For the 97 samples examined, the pooled standard deviation was 0.3 bp. The observed genotype frequencies determined from the sample set did not deviate significantly from Hardy-Weinberg expectations. From these CE results, we conclude that HUMTH01 PCR products can be accurately and precisely sized by capillary electrophoresis using the method described.
Correlation between in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory properties of lactic acid bacteria (2007)

These results show that we could predict the in vivo protective capacity of the studied lactic acid bacteria (LAB) based on the cytokine profile we established in vitro. The PBMC-based assay we used may thus serve as a useful primary indicator to narrow down the number of candidate strains to be tested in murine models for their anti-inflammatory potential.
Cell cycle-dependent intervention by benzamide of carcinogen-induced neoplastic transformation and in vitro poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of nuclear proteins in human fibroblasts. (1983)

Human fibroblasts were subjected to nutritionally induced G1 block, followed by release and subsequent entry into S phase, and exposed to nontoxic concentrations of carcinogens in early S phase. Cell transformation occurred as determined by early morphologic cell alterations, anchorage-independent colony formation, cell invasiveness, and augmentation of Ab 376 human malignancy-specific cell-surface antigenic determinant. Methylazoxymethanol acetate was the most potent transforming agent at doses that were negative in toxicity tests. Benzamide (10 microM intracellular concentration), a specific inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, prevented transformation in a cell cycle-specific manner, maximal prevention coinciding with early S phase, also characteristic of maximal susceptibility to transformation. Neither an interference of carcinogen deoxyguanosine nucleoside adduct formation nor a chemical reaction between benzamide and carcinogens was detected. Methylazoxymethanol acetate at transforming but nontoxic dose partially inhibited poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation to about the same extent as benzamide. However, simultaneous exposure of cells to both agents in early S phase, resulting in the prevention of transformation, augmented poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation above the controls. Enzymatic activities ran parallel with the formation of DNA-associating polymer-nonhistone protein adducts that are assumed to regulate the physiological function of chromatin at the structural level.
Aziridination of Alkenes and Amidation of Alkanes by Bis(tosylimido)ruthenium(VI) Porphyrins. A Mechanistic Study (1999)

Bis(tosylimido)ruthenium(VI) porphyrins, [RuVI(Por)(NTs)2] (Por = TPP, TTP, 4-Cl-TPP, 4-MeO-TPP, OEP), were prepared in 60−74% yields by treatment of [RuII(Por)(CO)(MeOH)] with (N-(p-tolylsulfonyl)imino)phenyliodinane (PhINTs) in dichloromethane. In dichloromethane containing pyrazole, they reacted with alkenes or alkanes to give tosylamidoruthenium(IV) porphyrins, [RuIV(Por)(NHTs)(pz)], in about 75% yields. The reactions of [RuVI(TPP)(NTs)2] and [RuVI(OEP)(NTs)2] with styrene, para-substituted styrenes, norbornene, cyclooctene, and β-methylstyrene afforded the corresponding N-tosylaziridines in 66−85% yields. The aziridination of cis-stilbene and cis-β-methylstyrene by [RuVI(Por)(NTs)2] is nonstereospecific with a partial loss of the alkene stereochemistry. Kinetic studies on the reactions between [RuVI(TPP)(NTs)2] and 16 alkenes (cyclooctene, norbornene, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, styrene, para-substituted styrenes, α- and β-methylstyrene, and α- and β-deuteriostyrene) gave the second-order rate constants (k2) ranging from (1.60 ± 0.06) × 10-3 to (90 ± 4) × 10-3 dm3 mol-1 s-1 at 298 K. The slope of the linear plot of log k2 vs E1/2 for eight representative alkenes was found to be −1.7 V-1. In the case of para-substituted styrenes, linear correlation between log kR (kR = relative rate) and σ+ gives a ρ+ value as small as −1.1. However, the effect of para substituents on kR can be best accounted for by considering both the polar and spin delocalization effect. Measurements on the secondary deuterium isotope effect revealed that only the β-carbon atom of styrene experienced a significant change in its hybridization in reaching the transition state. All these are consistent with rate-determining formation of a carboradical intermediate. The reactions of [RuVI(TPP)(NTs)2] and [RuVI(OEP)(NTs)2] with adamantane, cyclohexene, ethylbenzene, and cumene resulted in tosylamidation of these hydrocarbons and afforded the corresponding amides in 52−88% yields. For cyclohexane and toluene, the tosylamidation products were formed in poor yields (ca. 10%). Kinetic studies on the reactions between [RuVI(TPP)(NTs)2] and nine hydrocarbons (cumene, ethylbenzene, cyclohexene, and para-substituted ethylbenzenes) gave the second-order rate constants (k2) in the range of (0.330 ± 0.008) × 10-3 to (16.5 ± 0.3) × 10-3 dm3 mol-1 s-1. These reactions exhibit a large primary deuterium isotope effect, with a kH/kD ratio of 11 for the tosylamidation of ethylbenzene. In the case of para-substituted ethylbenzenes, both electron-donating and -withdrawing substituents moderately promote the reaction. There is an excellent linear correlation between log kR and a related carboradical parameter. On the basis of these observations, a mechanism involving the rate-limiting formation of a carboradical intermediate is postulated.
Total synthesis of novel geometric isomers of lipoxin A4 and lipoxin B4 (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of novel geometric isomers of lipoxin A4 and lipoxin B4K. C. Nicolaou, B. E. Marron, C. A. Veale, S. E. Webber, and C. N. SerhanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 23, 5527–5535Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00284a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00284a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views943Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Induction of structural changes in the bovine papillomavirus type 1 origin of replication by the viral E1 and E2 proteins. (1994)

Chemical and enzymatic probing techniques were used to examine the interaction of the bovine papillomavirus type 1 E1 and E2 proteins with the viral origin of replication (ori). E1 was found to generate significant distortions to the structure of ori, as assayed by KMnO4 oxidation of DNA. The primary site of ori distortion was located within and adjacent to the AT-element of the core replicator sequence, although a number of minor structural transitions were also detected. The induction of these structural changes required ATP and appeared to require ATP hydrolysis. E2 was found to decrease the amount of E1 required for ori distortion but did not significantly alter the pattern of structural distortion. In contrast, the presence of E2 resulted in a biphasic mechanism for E1 binding to ori, as assayed by nuclease protection. Under these conditions, E1 bound preferentially to the dyad symmetry region containing the conserved Hpa I site. Higher levels of E1 were required for binding to the adjacent ori AT-rich region. Thus, these data suggest that E2 can order the stepwise binding of E1 to ori.