gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of Putative Parasitism Genes Expressed in the Esophageal Gland Cells of the Soybean Cyst Nematode Heterodera glycines (2001)

Cloning parasitism genes encoding secretory proteins expressed in the esophageal gland cells is the key to understanding the molecular basis of nematode parasitism of plants. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) with the microaspirated contents from Heterodera glycines esophageal gland cells and intestinal region was used to isolate genes expressed preferentially in the gland cells of parasitic stages. Twenty-three unique cDNA sequences from a SSH cDNA library were identified and hybridized to the genomic DNA of H. glycines in Southern blots. Full-length cDNAs of 21 clones were obtained by screening a gland-cell long-distance polymerase chain reaction cDNA library. Deduced proteins of 10 clones were preceded by a signal peptide for secretion, and PSORT II computer analysis predicted eight proteins as extracellular, one as nuclear, and one as plasmalemma localized. In situ hybridization showed that four of the predicted extracellular clones were expressed specifically in the dorsal gland cell, one in the subventral gland cells, and three in the intestine in H. glycines. The predicted nuclear clone and the plasmalemma-localized clone were expressed in the subventral gland cells and the dorsal gland cell, respectively. SSH is an efficient method for cloning putative parasitism genes encoding esophageal gland cell secretory proteins that may have a role in H. glycines parasitism of soybean.
Exploiting multi-modality and diversity for localization enhancement: WiFi &#x00026; RFID usecase (2009)

The proliferation of wireless technologies, mobile computing and Internet have spurred the development of innovative location-oriented services. For accomplishing this, an accurate and time-efficient location determination system is required. For indoor positioning, WiFi-based solutions are prominent due to the widespread availability of WLANs (wireless LANs). More recently, the RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology has also been suggested for its own key prospects. However, both of them suffer from their own limitations. In this paper, we propose the integration of both technologies for carrying out simultaneous tracking of users with multi-modal devices but with diverse capabilities. Taking advantage of this multi-modality but also diversity is investigated for enhancing the system accuracy. Results based on extensive simulations validate the superiority of our proposed hybrid scheme over its stand-alone counterparts.
Towards a hierarchical temporal memory based self-managed dynamic trust replication mechanism in cognitive mobile ad-hoc networks (2011)

Dynamic trust models and replication approaches that adequately address the security needs of wireless cognitive ad hoc networks (MANET) have proven quite difficult to develop. The inherent decentralized nature of ad hoc networks and their collaborative services give rise to a series of vulnerabilities that can be exploited by malicious entities. This problem is exacerbated by the fact that risk assessment models show high levels of complexity, which suggest significant domain constraints and lack of true human-like reasoning. Recent work in the area of HTM demonstrates the ability to mimic higher level cognitive skills. This paper discusses the potential of using HTM to improve human-like reasoning in the replication of trust information in cognitive MANETs.
Nontoxigenic protein A vaccine for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in mice (2010)

The current epidemic of hospital- and community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections has caused significant human morbidity, but a protective vaccine is not yet available. Prior infection with S. aureus is not associated with protective immunity. This phenomenon involves staphylococcal protein A (SpA), an S. aureus surface molecule that binds to Fcgamma of immunoglobulin (Ig) and to the Fab portion of V(H)3-type B cell receptors, thereby interfering with opsonophagocytic clearance of the pathogen and ablating adaptive immune responses. We show that mutation of each of the five Ig-binding domains of SpA with amino acid substitutions abolished the ability of the resulting variant SpA(KKAA) to bind Fcgamma or Fab V(H)3 and promote B cell apoptosis. Immunization of mice with SpA(KKAA) raised antibodies that blocked the virulence of staphylococci, promoted opsonophagocytic clearance, and protected mice against challenge with highly virulent MRSA strains. Furthermore, SpA(KKAA) immunization enabled MRSA-challenged mice to mount antibody responses to many different staphylococcal antigens.
Cellular and Morphological Traits of Oocytes Retrieved from Aging Mice after Exogenous Ovarian Stimulation1 (2001)

The present study aims to shed light on the origin of abnormal oocytes ovulated by aged females. In order to reach this goal, cellular and morphological traits of ovulated oocytes from hybrid (C57Bl/6JIco female x CBA/JIco male) female mice retrieved after exogenous ovarian stimulation at the age of 12, 40-42, 50-52, or 57-62 wk were analyzed. Aging of female mice was associated with 1) decreased number of ovulated oocytes; 2) increased percentage of cumulus-free oocytes; 3) raised percentage of oocytes with intracellular mitochondrial aggregates; 4) reduced percentage of oocytes displaying a normal distribution of chromosomes in the metaphase-II plate; 5) increased percentage of normal oocytes exhibiting a DNA-containing polar body (PB); 6) higher percentage of oocytes with chromosome scattering; 7) increased percentage of chromosome-scattered oocytes without a DNA-containing PB and with intracytoplasmic mitochondrial aggregates; 8) raised percentage of oocytes exhibiting chromosome decondensation; 9) lower percentage of chromosome-decondensed oocytes lacking both a DNA-containing PB and intracytoplasmic mitochondrial aggregates; 10) increased percentage of abnormal/degenerated oocytes; 11) reduced percentage of abnormal/degenerated oocytes displaying cellular fragmentation; and 12) higher percentage of abnormal/degenerated oocytes with mitochondrial aggregates exhibiting no nuclear/chromosomal DNA fluorescence, cellular fragmentation, milky or dark cytoplasm, or cellular remains enclosed by the zona pellucida. Although several studies suggest aging females may ovulate aged or overripened oocytes, these data support the hypothesis that old females ovulate an increased percentage of atretic/apoptotic oocytes coming from rescued follicles that would have become atretic earlier in life.
EPHA2/EFNA1 expression in human gastric cancer (2005)

The erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular (EPH)A2 receptor, tyrosine kinase, is overexpressed and phosphorylated in several types of human tumors and has been associated with malignant transformation. A recent report, however, indicated that stimulation of the EPHA2 receptor ligand, ephrinA1 (EFNA1), inhibits the growth of EPHA2-expressing breast cancer. The authors examined the expression of EPHA2 and EFNA1 using semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in four gastric cancer cell lines and 49 primary gastric cancer samples, as well as in normal gastric tissue. EPHA2 was more highly expressed in tumor tissue than in normal tissue in 27 cases (55%). EFNA1 was overexpressed in tumor tissue in 28 cases (57%). No significant correlation was detected between the expression levels and histologic features such as tumor size, age, vessel invasion, or lymph node involvement. However, EPHA2 overexpression was more prominent in macroscopic type 3 and 4 tumors than in type 1 or 2 advanced gastric cancer. The authors observed EPHA2 expression in three of the four gastric cancer cell lines (AGS, KATO3, and MKN74) that were examined. In one cell line, TMK1, EPHA2 expression was barely detectable using northern blotting, RT-PCR, and western blotting. In contrast, EFNA1 was detected in all cell lines. In the gastric cancer cell lines that endogenously expressed EPHA2, stimulation with ephrinA1-Fc led to decreased EPHA2 protein expression and increased EPHA2 phosphorylation. Finally, the growth of EPHA2-expressing cells was inhibited by repetitive stimulation with soluble ephrinA1-Fc. Taken together, these findings suggest that EPHA2 and EFNA1 expression may influence the behavior of human gastric cancer.
CLONAL GROWTH OF MAMMALIAN CELLS IN A CHEMICALLY DEFINED, SYNTHETIC MEDIUM (1965)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Physiological and biochemical changes related to methyl jasmonate‐induced chilling tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings (1996)

ABSTRACT Physiological and biochemical changes related to methyl jasmonate (MeJA)‐induced chilling tolerance of rice ( Oryza sativa L. cv. Taichung Native 1) seedlings were investigated. Treatment of whole plants with 10 mmol m −3 MeJA for 48 h before chilling (5 °C) was optimal for the induction of chilling tolerance. MeJA greatly improved the survival ratio of chilled seedlings and ameliorated chilling injury such as demolition of membrane structure (estimated by electrolyte leakage). MeJA also prevented water loss in chilled seedlings by reducing the opening of stomata and decreasing the root bleeding rate. Putrescine and spermine levels in shoots increased but spermidine levels decreased on exposure to MeJA. In roots, putrescine levels also increased and spermidine levels increased transiently on exposure to MeJA. Activities of arginine decarboxylase (ADC; EC 4.1.1.19) and S‐adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC; EC 4.1.1.50) in both shoots and roots increased on exposure to MeJA, while the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC; EC 4.1.1.17) remained unchanged. The MeJA‐induced putrescine increase was inhibited by 50 mmol m −3 α‐difluoromethylarginine (DFMA), an irreversible inhibitor of ADC, but not by 50 mmol m −3 α‐difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an irreversible inhibitor of ODC. The effect of MeJA on the induction of chilling tolerance was also reduced by 50 mmol m −3 DFMA. The effects of DFMA were partly prevented by 1 mol m −3 putrescine. This indicates that putrescine accumulation is required for the induction of chilling tolerance of rice seedlings by MeJA.
Human CD8 + Regulatory T Cells Inhibit GVHD and Preserve General Immunity in Humanized Mice (2013)

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a lethal complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Immunosuppressive agents are currently used to control GVHD but may cause general immune suppression and limit the effectiveness of BMT. Adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells (T(regs)) can prevent GVHD in rodents, suggesting a therapeutic potential of T(regs) for GVHD in humans. However, the clinical application of T(reg)-based therapy is hampered by the low frequency of human T(regs) and the lack of a reliable model to test their therapeutic effects in vivo. Recently, we successfully generated human alloantigen-specific CD8(hi) T(regs) in a large scale from antigenically naïve precursors ex vivo using allogeneic CD40-activated B cells as stimulators. We report a human allogeneic GVHD model established in humanized mice to mimic GVHD after BMT in humans. We demonstrate that ex vivo-induced CD8(hi) T(regs) controlled GVHD in an allospecific manner by reducing alloreactive T cell proliferation as well as decreasing inflammatory cytokine and chemokine secretion within target organs through a CTLA-4-dependent mechanism in humanized mice. These CD8(hi) T(regs) induced long-term tolerance effectively without compromising general immunity and graft-versus-tumor activity. Our results support testing of human CD8(hi) T(regs) in GVHD in clinical trials.
Fast Carry-Propagation Iterative Networks (1968)

Abstract—The operation speed of a one-dimensional, unilateral, iterative switching network with strictly combinational cells is often drastically limited by the propagation delays of carry variables. In this paper an attempt is made to extend to other iterative networks the scheme of a fast carry-propagation circuit proposed by several authors for parallel adder. The class of the networks which are realizable according to this scheme is small but contains many networks of practical interest.
Gemcitabine: current status of phase I and II trials. (1994)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1994.12.8.1527 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 8040662 Gemcitabine: current status of phase I and II trials. S B KayexS B KayeSearch for articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1994.12.8.1527 First Page PDF © 1994 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Genetic analysis implicates APOE, SNCA and suggests lysosomal dysfunction in the etiology of dementia with Lewy bodies (2014)

Clinical and neuropathological similarities between dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases (PD and AD, respectively) suggest that these disorders may share etiology. To test this hypothesis, we have performed an association study of 54 genomic regions, previously implicated in PD or AD, in a large cohort of DLB cases and controls. The cohort comprised 788 DLB cases and 2624 controls. To minimize the issue of potential misdiagnosis, we have also performed the analysis including only neuropathologically proven DLB cases (667 cases). The results show that the APOE is a strong genetic risk factor for DLB, confirming previous findings, and that the SNCA and SCARB2 loci are also associated after a study-wise Bonferroni correction, although these have a different association profile than the associations reported for the same loci in PD. We have previously shown that the p.N370S variant in GBA is associated with DLB, which, together with the findings at the SCARB2 locus, suggests a role for lysosomal dysfunction in this disease. These results indicate that DLB has a unique genetic risk profile when compared with the two most common neurodegenerative diseases and that the lysosome may play an important role in the etiology of this disorder. We make all these data available.
Psychoactive Drugs and Human Sexual Behavior: The Role of Serotonergic Activity (1992)

A wide range of both prescription and nonprescription drugs has been reported to affect human sexual functioning. While the sexual side effects resulting from drug use have often been attributed to adrenergic, anticholinergic or dopaminergic activity, the present review considers the potential role of serotonin. Based on animal studies, serotonin has been shown to either facilitate or inhibit sexual activity depending on which serotonin receptor subtype is activated. However, few studies have been done in the human that assess the effects of drugs that bind selectively to serotonin receptors. Consequently, little is known about the role of serotonin in human sexual functioning. In this review, a wide range of drugs that affect both brain serotonergic systems and human sexual behavior is examined in an effort to determine the possible role of serotonin in human sexual behavior. A review of the literature is consistent with the hypothesis that the 5-HT1A and the 5-HT2 receptor subtypes play a facilitatory role in human sexual behavior. The evidence suggests that drugs that act as agonists on these receptor sites enhance sexual functioning in the human, while those that act as antagonists inhibit sexual functioning.
Broad Spectrum Antiviral Agent Niclosamide and Its Therapeutic Potential (2020)

The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) highlights an urgent need for therapeutics. Through a series of drug repurposing screening campaigns, niclosamide, an FDA-approved anthelminthic drug, was found to be effective against various viral infections with nanomolar to micromolar potency such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, ZIKV, HCV, and human adenovirus, indicating its potential as an antiviral agent. In this brief review, we summarize the broad antiviral activity of niclosamide and highlight its potential clinical use in the treatment of COVID-19.
Human monoclonal antibodies block the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor (2020)

Abstract The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic of novel corona virus disease (COVID-19). To date, no prophylactic vaccines or approved therapeutic agents are available for preventing and treating this highly transmittable disease. Here we report two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) cloned from memory B cells of patients recently recovered from COVID-19, and both mAbs specifically bind to the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2, block the binding of receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 to human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2), and effectively neutralize S protein-pseudotyped virus infection. These human mAbs hold the promise for the prevention and treatment of the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19.
Closely related T-memory stem cells correlate with in vivo expansion of CAR.CD19-T cells and are preserved by IL-7 and IL-15 (2014)

Adoptive transfer of T lymphocytes expressing a CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR.CD19) induces complete tumor regression in patients with lymphoid malignancies. Although in vivo persistence of CAR-T cells correlates with clinical responses, it remains unknown whether specific cell subsets within the CAR-T-cell product correlate with their subsequent in vivo expansion and persistence. We analyzed 14 patients with B-cell malignancies infused with autologous CAR.CD19-redirected T cells expanded ex vivo using IL-2, and found that their in vivo expansion only correlated with the frequency within the infused product of a CD8(+)CD45RA(+)CCR7(+) subset, whose phenotype is closest to "T-memory stem cells." Preclinical models showed that increasing the frequency of CD8(+)CD45RA(+)CCR7(+) CAR-T cells in the infused line by culturing the cells with IL-7 and IL-15 produced greater antitumor activity of CAR-T cells mediated by increased resistance to cell death, following repetitive encounters with the antigen, while preserving their migration to secondary lymphoid organs. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00586391 and #NCT00709033.
Lentiviral Vectors for Gene Therapy of HIV-1 Infection (2002)

Lentiviral vectors based on HIV-1, HIV-2, or SIV have the ability to transduce dividing and non-dividing T cells, dendritic cells, hematopoietic stem cells and macrophages, which are the main target cells for gene therapy of HIV-1 infection. Besides their function as gene delivery vehicles, lentiviral vector backbones containing the cis-acting sequences necessary to perform a complete replication cycle in the presence of viral proteins provided in trans, have the ability to inhibit HIV-1 replication by several mechanisms that include sequestration of the regulatory proteins Tat and Rev, competition for packaging into virions and possibly by inhibition of reverse transcription in heterodimeric virions. Expression of anti-HIV-1 genes in these vectors would strengthen the potency of this inhibition. To avoid self-inhibition of the vector packaging system, lentiviral vectors have to be modified to become resistant to the anti-HIV-1 genes encoded by them. This review discusses the different genetic intervention strategies for gene therapy of HIV-1 infection focusing in the use of lentiviral vectors as the main agents to mediate inhibition of HIV-1 replication. It also discusses possible strategies to adapt HIV-1 or HIV-2 vectors to express the different classes of anti-HIV-1 genes and approaches to improve in vivo vector mobilization.
Layered molecular optoelectronic assemblies (1998)

Layered functionalized electrodes are used as optoelectronic assemblies for the electronic transduction of recorded photonic signals. Functionalization of a Au electrode with a photoisomerizable redox-activated monolayer enables the amperometric transduction of the photonic information recorded by the interface. This is exemplified with the organization of a phenoxynaphthacenequinone monolayer (1a). Organization of a photoactivated command layer on an electrode can be used to control interfacial electron transfer and might be applied for the electrical transduction of recorded optical signals. This is addressed with the assembly of a nitrospiropyran photoisomerizable monolayer (2a) on a Au electrode which acts as a command surface for controlling by light interfacial electron transfer. The monolayer undergoes photoisomerization between the neutral state (2a) and the positively charged protonated merocyanine state (2b). The charged interface controls the oxidation of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, DHPAA (3), and of 3-hydroxytyramine, DOPA (4), and the system is used for the electrochemical transduction of optical signals recorded by the monolayer. Functionalization of electrodes with a β-cyclodextrin monolayer or with an eosin π-donor layer enables the light-stimulated association or dissociation of the photoisomerizable N,N′-bipyridinium azobenzene (5t) and of bis-pyridinium azobenzene (8t) to or from the modified surfaces. Association and dissociation of the surface-associated supramolecular complexes are transduced by electrochemical or piezoelectrical signal outputs. The organization of a supramolecular system where a molecular component is translocated by light-signals between two distinct positions enables one to design ‘molecular machines’. This is exemplified by the organization of a molecular assembly consisting of a ferrocene-functionalized β-cyclodextrin (11) threaded onto an azobenzene-alkyl chain wire and stoppered with an anthracene barrier which acts as a nanoscale molecular machine, a light-stimulated ‘molecular train’. The ferrocene-functionalized β-cyclodextrin is reversibly translocated between the trans-azobenzene and the alkyl chain by cyclic light-induced isomerization of the photoactive monolayer. The position of the β-cyclodextrin receptor is transduced by its chronoamperometric response.
Vertical Rectus Muscle Transposition and Botulinum Toxin (Oculinum) to Medial Rectus for Abducens Palsy (1989)

Ten adult patients developed sixth-nerve palsy after trauma or a cerebral tumor. No clinical evidence of recovery of function was noted by at least 8 months after onset. All patients underwent total transposition of the superior and inferior rectus muscle insertions to the area of the lateral rectus insertion, accompanied by botulinum toxin (Oculinum) injection of the ipsilateral medial rectus. These patients developed a mean diplopia-free field of 51 degrees, with a diplopia-free field in the abducted field of 20 degrees. This procedure involved surgery on only two rectus muscles, but the results compared favorably with surgical strategies involving three rectus muscles. Thus, the risk of developing anterior segment ischemia was greatly reduced.