gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Primary structure of a calcium channel that is highly expressed in the rat cerebellum. (1991)

Previous molecular cloning experiments showed that multiple isoforms of the alpha 1 subunit of voltage-gated Ca channels are expressed in the mammalian brain (designated rbA, rbB, rbC, and rbD). We report here the isolation and characterization of cDNAs encoding the rat brain class A (rbA) Ca channel. The rbA-126 cDNA encodes a 2212-amino acid protein that shares 33% sequence identity with the alpha 1 subunits of cardiac and skeletal muscle dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca channels. When compared with other Ca channels, the rbA channel is notably different in both the carboxyl terminus and in a large (474-amino acid) hydrophilic segment between domains II and III. Northern blot analysis shows that rbA transcripts are expressed in all regions of the rat central nervous system, but most prominently in the cerebellum. A more widespread distribution of rbA Ca channels is indicated by PCR analysis, which demonstrates the presence of class A transcripts in the rat heart and pituitary but not in the spleen, kidney, or liver. The rbA cDNA appears to encode a Ca channel alpha 1 subunit that is distinct from the dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca channel sequences and that is expressed in a variety of excitable cells.
Folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine status and chromosome damage rate in lymphocytes of older men (1997)

Deficient levels of folic acid and vitamin B12 are associated with elevated chromosome damage rate and high concentrations of homocysteine in the blood. We have therefore performed a study to determine the prevalence of folate deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia in 64 healthy men aged between 50 and 70 years, and evaluate the relationship of these micronutrient levels in the blood with the micronucleus frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes. We also performed a placebo-controlled, double-blind intervention study to determine whether supplementation of the diet with a daily dose of 0.7 mg (as a supplement in cereal) or 2.0 mg (in a tablet) over a period of 4 months resulted in a significant alteration of folate status, homocysteine status and the micronucleus index. Twenty-three per cent of the men were serum folate deficient (<6.8 nmol/l), 16% were red blood cell folate deficient (<317 nmol/l), 4.7% were vitamin B12 deficient (<150 pmol/l) and 37% has plasma homocysteine levels >10 micromol/l. In total, 56% of the men had one or more abnormal blood values for folate, vitamin B12 or homocysteine. The micronucleus index of these men (n = 34) in cytokinesis-blocked binucleated cells (19.2 +/- 1.1) was significantly elevated (P = 0.02) when compared to the micronucleus index of the rest of the men who had normal levels of folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine (16.3 +/- 1.3, n = 30). Interestingly, the micronucleus index in men with normal folate and vitamin B12, but homocysteine levels >10 micromol/l (19.4 +/- 1.7, n = 15) was also significantly higher (P = 0.05) when compared to those with normal folate, vitamin B12 and homocysteine. This novel result was also supported by the observation that the micronucleus index and plasma homocysteine were significantly (P = 0.0086) and positively correlated (r2 = 0.172) in those subjects who were not deficient in folate or vitamin B12. The micronucleus index was not significantly correlated with folate indices, but there was a significant (P = 0.013) negative correlation with serum vitamin B12 (r2 = 0.099). Daily supplementation of the diet with 0.7 mg free folic acid in cereal for 2 months followed by 2.0 mg free folic acid via a tablet produced a 4-fold increase in plasma folate, a 2.6-fold increase in red blood cell folate and a 11% reduction in plasma homocysteine; however, these changes were not accompanied by a reduction in the micronucleus index. In conclusion, it is apparent that elevated homocysteine status, in the absence of vitamin deficiency and low, but not deficient, vitamin B12 status are important risk factors for increased chromosome damage in lymphocytes.
Transdermal Testosterone Treatment in Women with Impaired Sexual Function after Oophorectomy (2000)

In women who have undergone oophorectomy and hysterectomy, transdermal testosterone improves sexual function and psychological well-being.
Expanded tumor-reactive CD4+ T-cell responses to human cancers induced by secondary anti-CD3/anti-CD28 activation. (1999)

Generation of tumor-reactive T cells in large numbers ex vivo is a requisite step in the adoptive immunotherapy of patients. We examined the immune responses of T cells derived from tumor vaccine-primed lymph nodes activated with anti-CD3 alone and with an anti-CD3/anti-CD28 combination. Nylon wool-purified CD3+ cells were isolated from vaccine-primed lymph nodes obtained from melanoma, renal cell, and head and neck cancer patients. In the absence of antigen-presenting cells, activation with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 greatly enhanced subsequent T-cell expansion in interleukin 2 (>100-fold), compared to anti-CD3 alone. CD4+ T cells were preferentially stimulated. In four of eight patients, we found evidence of CD4+ cellular responses to autologous tumors by cytokine release assays. Positively selected CD4+ cells activated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 released greater amounts of cytokine (IFN-gamma and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor) in response to autologous tumors compared to cells activated by anti-CD3 alone. The CD4+ reactivity was MHC class II restricted and appeared to be associated with the expression of class II molecules on the vaccinating tumor cells. The CD4+ T-cell responses to class II-restricted tumor-associated antigens in patients with renal cell cancers represent unique findings.
LRRK2 as a negative regulator of NFAT: implications for the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (2012)

Inflammatory bowel disease encompasses two chronic, complex relapsing diseases believed to be caused by an excessive and poorly controlled immune response to the intestinal microbiota. The advent of genome-wide association scans has allowed for rapid identification of multiple susceptibility genes for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. A locus containing LRRK2 and MUC19 is a confirmed Crohn's disease susceptibility locus. This genetic association precipitates an important functional study in which Liu et al. demonstrate that: LRRK2 acts as a negative regulator of NFAT in an NRON-dependent manner; LRRK2-deficient mice exhibit increased susceptibility to the development of dextran sodium sulfate colitis, which is enhanced by NFAT translocation to the nucleus; and patients exhibiting the risk LRRK2 allele have lower LRRK2 protein levels and exhibit less inhibition of NFAT. These data support the concept that defects within innate immunity trigger a robust adaptive immune response, which results in the production of proinflammatory cytokines and the development of chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa.
Keratitis (2001)

Corneal inflammation or keratitis is a significant cause of ocular morbidity around the world. Fortunately, the majority of the cases are successfully managed with medical therapy, but the failure of therapy does occur, leading to devastating consequences of either losing the vision or the eye. This review attempts to provide current information on most, though not all, aspects of keratitis. Corneal inflammation may be ulcerative or nonulcerative and may arise because of infectious or noninfectious causes. The nonulcerative corneal inflammation may be confined to the epithelial layer or to the stroma of the cornea or may affect both. For clarity, this section has been divided into nonulcerative superficial keratitis and nonulcerative stromal keratitis. While the former usually includes hypersensitivity responses to microbial toxins and unknown agents, the latter can be either infectious or noninfectious. In the pathogenesis of ulcerative keratitis, microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, parasites (Acanthamoeba), or viruses play an important role. Approximately, 12.2% of all corneal transplantations are done for active infectious keratitis. Available world literature pertaining to the incidence of microbial keratitis has been provided special place in this review. On the other hand, noninfectious ulcerative keratitis can be related to a variety of systemic or local causes, predominantly of autoimmune origin.
P2x7 deficiency suppresses development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2008)

P2x7 deficiency resulted in compensatory changes leading to increased T-cell cytokine production, and activated T-cells were detected in the brains of P2x7 null mice with no clinical signs. However, the greatly reduced incidence of disease suggests that an initiating event is absent in these mice, and points to a role for astroglial P2x7 in development of EAE disease.
Localisation of defects on SOI films via selective recrystallisation using halogen lamps (1983)

Selective annealing by means of an incoherent light system has been employed to grow single-crystal Si on oxide. This technique allows control of the location of the remaining defects (subgrain boundaries) in the &lt;100&gt; recrystallised film.
Query-answering algorithms for information agents (1996)

We describe the architecture and queryanswering algorithms used in the Information Manifold, an implemented information gathering system that provides uniform access to structured information sources on the World-Wide Web. Our architecture provides an expressive language for describing information sources, which makes it easy to add new sources and to model the fine-grained distinctions between their contents. The queryanswering algorithm guarantees that the descriptions of the sources are exploited to access only sources that are relevant to a given query. Accessing only relevant sources is crucial to scale up such a system to large numbers of sources. In addition, our algorithm can exploit run-time information to further prune information sources and to reduce the cost of query planning. Introduction The number of structured information sources that is available online is growing rapidly. For example, there are many sources on the World-Wide Web (WWW) that provide a query interfac...
Reflex Tongue Protrusion as a Novel Release Phenomenon in Dementia in Adulthood (2018)

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Rho Kinases in Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology (2006)

Rho kinases (ROCKs) are the first and the best-characterized effectors of the small G-protein RhoA. In addition to their effect on actin organization, or through this effect, ROCKs have been found to regulate a wide range of fundamental cell functions such as contraction, motility, proliferation, and apoptosis. Abnormal activation of the RhoA/ROCK pathway has been observed in major cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis, restenosis, hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, and cardiac hypertrophy. This review, based on recent molecular, cellular, and animal studies, focuses on the current understanding of ROCK signaling and its roles in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology.
Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Chronic Atrial Fibrillation Guided by Complex Electrograms (2007)

Modest short-term efficacy is achievable with radiofrequency ablation of chronic AF guided by complex fractionated atrial electrograms, but only after a second ablation procedure in > 40% of patients. Rapid activity in the pulmonary veins and multiple macroreentrant circuits are common mechanisms of recurrent atrial arrhythmias.
Antiangiogenic effects of the quinoline-3-carboxamide linomide. (1993)

Linomide (N-phenylmethyl-1,2-dihydro-4-hydroxyl-1-methyl-2-oxoquinoline-3-carboxa mide) has a reproducible in vivo antitumor effect against a series of both androgen responsive and independent Dunning R-3327 rat prostatic cancers. This antitumor effect of linomide is host mediated. One possible mechanism involving the host is that linomide has antiangiogenic activity. An indication that linomide treatment has antiangiogenic activity is the observation that prostatic cancers from linomide treated rats have more focal necrosis than sized matched tumors from untreated rats. To directly test if linomide has antiangiogenic activity, a newly developed Matrigel based quantitative in vivo angiogenic assay was used. These experiments demonstrated that linomide has dose dependent, antiangiogenic activity in vivo in the rat. Additional studies demonstrated that due to its antiangiogenic activity, linomide treatment of rats bearing prostate cancers resulted in a more than 40% decrease in tumor blood flow. Blood flow to a variety of non-tumor bearing organs was not decreased suggesting that linomide selectively inhibits angiogenesis and does not induce loss of established blood vessels. Using as a model the response of human umbilical vein endothelial cells to linomide treatment in a variety of in vitro assays, linomide was demonstrated to have cytostatic but not cytotoxic effect on human umbilical vein endothelial cells at a medium concentration of > or = 100 micrograms/ml. In addition, both endothelial cell chemotactic migration and invasion are steps in angiogenesis inhibited by linomide treatment.
A novel amorphous calcium phosphate polymer ceramic for bone repair: I. Synthesis and characterization (2001)

Traditional materials for bone repair or replacements such as autografts and allografts have a limited supply and other complications. Thus, alternative materials need to be explored. Three-dimensional, porous composites prepared from bioresorbable polymers and hydroxyapatite or other calcium phosphate ceramics are promising materials for the repair or replacement of diseased or damaged bone. However, in many cases the ceramic component of these composites is crystalline in nature, while bone apatite is made of a poorly crystalline, carbonated phosphate system. In this study, we synthesized a noncrystalline, carbonated calcium phosphate ceramic by carrying out the reaction within bioresorbable PLAGA microspheres using a modified emulsion/solvent evaporation technique, making each individual microsphere a composite. Sintering the composite microspheres together yielded a bioresorbable, porous, 3-dimensional scaffold that may be ideal for tissue ingrowth, making this composite scaffold potentially suitable for bone repair applications.
Novel zirconocene catalysts for the production of high molecular weight LLDPE in high-temperature polymerization (1999)

Ethylene polymerization and ethylene/α-olefin copolymerization were conducted using diphenylmethylidene(cyclopentadienyl)(fluorenyl)zirconium dichloride (Ph2C(Cp)(Flu)ZrCl2) as a catalyst activated with dimethylanilinium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate (Me2PhNH·B(C6F5)4)/triisobutylaluminium (i-Bu3Al) at high temperature and different ethylene pressure. This catalyst produces high molecular weight polyethylene with high activity. The molecular weight of the copolymers hardly decreases with increasing amount of comonomer in the feed. This is attributed to the control of β-H transfer from the propagating chain containing primary inserted comonomer. The occurrence of inner trisubstituted double bonds was confirmed. These bonds are probably formed by dehydrogenation reactions after β-H transfer from the propagating chain followed by ethylene insertion. Therefore, this reaction might play an important role in the production of high molecular weight ethylene/1-hexene copolymers at high temperature. At high ethylene pressure, isomerization reactions from inserted ethylene or primary inserted α-olefin as terminal units, which were observed under low ethylene pressure, can be controlled at low level.
Surface Studies of Aminoferrocene Derivatives on Gold:  Electrochemical Sensors for Chemical Warfare Agents (2007)

The cystamine conjugate [(BocNH)Fc(CO)CSA]2 was prepared by coupling cystamine with the N-protected ferrocene amino acid derivative BocHN-Fc-COOH and was fully characterized by spectroscopic methods and by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The cystamine conjugate forms films on gold substrates, which upon deprotection of the amino group, react with chemical warfare agent (CWA) mimics, upon which the redox properties of the Fc group are affected significantly. Cyclic voltammetry shows 50(5) mV anodic shifts of the Fc redox potentials after exposure to EtSCH2CH2Cl, a simulant for sulfur mustard HD (MA), and (NC)(EtO)2P(O), a simulant for nerve agent Tabun (NA). Exposure to MA and NA causes an increase in 2.3 and 4.5 ng mass, respectively, in QCM which indicates ca. 70% efficiency in Boc-deprotection. Ellipsometry measured a film thickness increase from 6(+/-1) A for the deprotected film to 10(+/-4) A for the film modified with MA and to 7(+/-2) A for the film modified with NA. AFM measurements show changes in the thickness and morphology of the film after reaction with MA and NA. The surfaces were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and clearly show the attachment of the cystamine conjugate on the surface and its reaction with CWA mimics.
Immunohistochemical localization of extracellular matrix components in human diabetic glomerular lesions. (1991)

The immunohistochemical localization of the extracellular matrix was examined in 31 cases with different degrees of human diabetic nephropathy using antisera to human collagen types I, III, IV, V, fibronectin, laminin, and basement-membrane-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG). In normal glomeruli, HSPG was predominantly localized in the glomerular basement membrane and in the mesangium, and to minor extent in the basement membranes of tubules and Bowman's capsule. Collagen IV and laminin were distributed in glomerular basement membrane and mesangium in minor amounts. Interstitial collagens usually do not occur within glomeruli except for collagen V which has a light microscopic glomerular distribution similar to collagen IV. In diabetic diffuse glomerulosclerosis, the enlarged mesangial matrix showed an increased staining reaction for collagen IV, V, laminin, and fibronectin whereas the staining pattern of HSPG was markedly reduced. Early, small nodular lesions in diabetic glomeruli were similarly positive for most of the basement membrane components, whereas HSPG remained absent. With an increase in the diameter of the noduli, however, the staining reaction for all basement membrane components diminished, whereas interstitial collagens V and III, but not collagen I, were present in these noduli in substantial amounts. These initial studies provide evidence that the changes in the glomerular matrix in diabetic nephropathy may be divided into distinct and progressing stages of lesions. The reduced amount of HSPG even in slight, early lesions may represent the morphologic correlate to the impaired filter function of the glomerular basement membrane.
In vitro microvessels for the study of angiogenesis and thrombosis (2012)

Microvascular networks support metabolic activity and define microenvironmental conditions within tissues in health and pathology. Recapitulation of functional microvascular structures in vitro could provide a platform for the study of complex vascular phenomena, including angiogenesis and thrombosis. We have engineered living microvascular networks in three-dimensional tissue scaffolds and demonstrated their biofunctionality in vitro. We describe the lithographic technique used to form endothelialized microfluidic vessels within a native collagen matrix; we characterize the morphology, mass transfer processes, and long-term stability of the endothelium; we elucidate the angiogenic activities of the endothelia and differential interactions with perivascular cells seeded in the collagen bulk; and we demonstrate the nonthrombotic nature of the vascular endothelium and its transition to a prothrombotic state during an inflammatory response. The success of these microvascular networks in recapitulating these phenomena points to the broad potential of this platform for the study of cardiovascular biology and pathophysiology.
Insect resistance in transgenic plants expressing Bacillus thuringiensis toxin gens (1987)

A crystal protein gene (ht2) has been cioned from plasmid DNA of Bacllus thuringiensis (B.t.) Lerliner 1715 and directs the synthesis of a 130 kd protein (Bt2) in E. ccli which is toxic to iarvae of P(cris brasciccc and Manduca sa.cta.Treatment of the Bt2 prote.t. with trypsin or chymotrypsin yields a 60 kd protease resistont fragment which is fuily toxic tards insect iarvae " in vivo" and nsect celi lines in vitro".The minimai portion of the 3t2 proein required for toxicity has been rnapped by deletion analysis and coincides with the 60 kd protease resistant Bt2.-fraqment.Tobacco piant celis have been transformed with chiineric toxin genes uing a Ti plasmid vector.Transformed plarits express a functionai toxin and exhibit resistance against insect larvas.iNTRODUCTION Bacilius rniencic (3. .) is a gram positivebacteriun which produces ondogenous crystais upon sporulation.The crys tais are composed of protein and are specificaliy toxic against Recebido em 03/09/87
Identification of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Latency-Associated Transcript Sequences That both Inhibit Apoptosis and Enhance the Spontaneous Reactivation Phenotype (2003)

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency-associated transcript (LAT) gene is essential for the high spontaneous and induced reactivation phenotype of HSV-1 in the rabbit ocular model and for the high induced reactivation phenotype in the mouse ocular model. Recently we showed that LAT has an antiapoptosis function, and we hypothesized that LAT's ability to inhibit apoptosis played an important role in LAT's ability to enhance the reactivation phenotype. Expression of just the first 1.5 kb of the 8.3-kb LAT gene is sufficient for both inhibition of apoptosis in an in vitro transient-transfection assay and the high spontaneous reactivation phenotype in vivo. Here we show the results of more complex mapping studies in which inhibition of apoptosis and the enhanced spontaneous reactivation phenotype also appear to be linked. The HSV-1 mutant virus dLAT371 has a high spontaneous reactivation phenotype in rabbits, suggesting that the LAT region deleted in this mutant (LAT nucleotides 76 to 447) is not required for this phenotype. The LAT3.3A viral mutant (which expresses LAT nucleotides 1 to 1499) also has a high spontaneous reactivation phenotype, suggesting that the region of LAT not expressed by this mutant (LAT nucleotide 1500 to the end of LAT) is also not required for this phenotype. Surprisingly, LAT2.9A, which is a combination of dLAT371 and LAT3.3A (i.e., it expresses LAT nucleotides 1 to 76 and 447 to 1499), has a low spontaneous reactivation phenotype indistinguishable from that of LAT null mutants. We report here that consistent with the low spontaneous reactivation phenotype of LAT2.9A, a plasmid expressing the identical LAT RNA did not inhibit caspase 9-induced apoptosis. In contrast, plasmids containing the same deletion but able to transcribe up to or past LAT nucleotide 2850 (rather than just up to LAT nucleotide 1499) inhibited caspase 9-induced apoptosis, consistent with the high spontaneous reactivation phenotype of dLAT371. Thus, LAT2.9A may have a low spontaneous reactivation phenotype because the LAT RNA that is made cannot block apoptosis, and dLAT371 apparently has a high spontaneous reactivation phenotype because the LAT RNA made has significant antiapoptosis activity. Furthermore, LAT appeared to have at least two regions capable of interfering with caspase 9-induced apoptosis. One region partially overlaps LAT nucleotides 76 to 447. The second region is partially (or completely) downstream of LAT nucleotide 1499.