gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Primary structure of rat pulmonary surfactant protein D. cDNA and deduced amino acid sequence. (1992)

Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a carbohydrate-binding glycoprotein containing a collagen-like domain that is synthesized by alveolar type II epithelial cells. The complete primary structure of rat SP-D has been determined by sequencing of a cloned cDNA. The protein consists of three regions: an NH2-terminal segment of 25 amino acids, a collagen-like domain consisting of 59 Gly-X-Y repeats, and a COOH-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain of 153 amino acids. There are 6 cysteine residues present in rat SP-D: 2 in the NH2-terminal noncollagenous segment and 4 in the COOH-terminal carbohydrate-binding domain. The collagenous domain contains one possible N-glycosylation site. The protein is preceded by a cleaved, NH2-terminal signal peptide. SP-D shares considerable homology with the C-type mammalian lectins. Hybridization analysis demonstrates that rat SP-D is encoded by a 1.3-kilobase mRNA which is abundant in lung and highly enriched in alveolar type II cells. Extensive homology exists between rat SP-D and bovine conglutinin.
Receptive Field Characteristics Under Electrotactile Stimulation of the Fingertip (2008)

Skin on human fingertips has high concentrations of mechanoreceptors, which are used to provide fine resolution tactile representations of our environment. Here, we explore the ability to discriminate electrotactile stimulation at four sites on the fingertip. Electrical stimulation was delivered to arrays of electrodes centered on the index fingertip (volar aspect). Accuracy of discrimination was tested by examining electrode size, interelectrode spacing, and stimulation frequency as primary factors. Electrical stimulation was delivered at 2 mA with the pulse width modulated to be at (or above) perceptual threshold at 25 and 75 Hz and an average pulse width of 1.03 ms (+/- 0.70 ms standard deviation). Discrimination of the stimulated locations under this stimulation paradigm was significantly above chance level in all cases. Subjects' ability to discriminate stimulus location was not significantly influenced by electrode size or stimulation frequency when considered as separate factors. However, increased electrode spacing significantly increased subjects' ability to discriminate the location of the stimulated electrode. Further analysis revealed that errors were only significantly reduced along the medial-lateral direction with increasing interelectrode spacing. These results suggest that the electrotactile stimulus localization on the fingertip has some directional dependency, in addition to its dependency on interelectrode spacing. The neural mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are discussed in relation to electrical stimulus transduction characteristics of tactile mechanoreceptors.
Meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (2007)

X chromosome inactivation is most commonly studied in the context of female mammalian development, where it performs an essential role in dosage compensation. However, another form of X-inactivation takes place in the male, during spermatogenesis, as germ cells enter meiosis. This second form of X-inactivation, called meiotic sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI) has emerged as a novel paradigm for studying the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. New studies have revealed that MSCI is a special example of a more general mechanism called meiotic silencing of unsynapsed chromatin (MSUC), which silences chromosomes that fail to pair with their homologous partners and, in doing so, may protect against aneuploidy in subsequent generations. Furthermore, failure in MSCI is emerging as an important etiological factor in meiotic sterility.
Aporphines. 23. Normorphothebaine derivatives: synthesis of an aporphine nitrogen mustard (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAporphines. 23. Normorphothebaine derivatives: synthesis of an aporphine nitrogen mustardFelix E. Granchelli, Albert H. Soloway, John L. Neumeyer, and Crist N. FilerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 11, 2014–2017Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00431a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00431a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views62Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
14-3-3 -isoform detection distinguishes sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease from other dementias (2004)

We developed a polyclonal antiserum directed to the gamma-isoform of the human 14-3-3 protein and compared the immunoreactivity with a commercially available antibody (CG31). We analysed 14-3-3 in 253 cerebrospinal fluid samples blinded for the diagnosis by western blot and ELISA, with a commonly used polyclonal antiserum (Sc-731) and the gamma specific antibodies. Our patient population consisted of 52 patients with definite sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) and 201 patients with a different final diagnosis. We obtained similar sensitivity, ranging from 96% to 98% with all antibodies. Of all the samples that were false positive with Sc-731, 50% were negative with both gamma-isoform specific antibodies resulting in a significantly higher specificity (85% v 93%, respectively). If only sCJD and patients with dementia differing from sCJD were analysed we found that 64% of false positives were negative which also resulted in significantly increased specificity and positive predictive value. The gamma-isoform specific antibodies strongly improve the specificity of the immunoblot and might improve worldwide acceptance of the use of the 14-3-3 assay in the differential diagnosis of sCJD.
Extension and structural variability of the antithrombin-binding sequence in heparin. (1984)

Oligosaccharides with different affinities for antithrombin were isolated following partial deaminative cleavage of pig mucosal heparin with nitrous acid. The smallest high-affinity component obtained was previously identified as an octasaccharide with the predominant structure: (Formula: see text). The interaction of this octasaccharide, and of deca- and dodecasaccharides containing the same octasaccharide sequence, with antithrombin was studied by spectroscopic techniques. The near-ultraviolet difference spectra, circular dichroism spectra, and fluorescence enhancements induced by adding these oligosaccharides to antithrombin differed only slightly from the corresponding parameters measured in the presence of undegraded high-affinity heparin. Moreover, the binding constants obtained for the oligosaccharides and for high-affinity heparin were similar (1.0-2.9 X 10(7) M-1 at I = 0.3). In contrast, two hexasaccharides corresponding to units 1-6 and 3-8, respectively, of the above sequence showed about a 1000-fold lower affinity for antithrombin, and also induced considerably different spectral perturbations in antithrombin. Since the 1-6 hexasaccharide contains a reducing-terminal anhydromannose residue instead of the N-sulfated glucosamine unit 6 of the intact sequence, these results strongly support our previous conclusion that the N-sulfate group at position 6 is essential to the interaction with antithrombin. The low affinity of the hexasaccharide 3-8 provides further evidence that a pentasaccharide sequence 2-6 constitutes the actual antithrombin-binding region in the heparin molecule. Structural analysis of the various oligosaccharides revealed natural variants with an N-sulfate group substituted for the N-acetyl group at position 2. The preponderance of N-acetyl over N-sulfate groups at this position may be rationalized in terms of the mechanism of heparin biosynthesis, assuming that the D-gluco configuration of unit 3 is an essential feature of the antithrombin-binding region.
Highly cost effective and high performance 65nm S/sup 3/ ( stacked single-crystal Si) SRAM technology with 25f 2 , 0.16μm/sup 2/ cell and doubly stacked SSTFT cell transistors for ultra high density and high speed applications (2005)

In order to meet the great demands for higher density SRAM in all area of SRAM applications, the 25F/sup 2/S/sup 3/ (stacked single-crystal Si ) SRAM cell, which is a truly 3-dimensional device by stacking the load PMOS and the pass NMOS Tr. on the planar pull-down Tr., respectively in different levels, was developed and was reported in our previous study for low power applications. The previous reported S3 technology could not provide the high performance because it was developed for low power applications without salicide and high performance transistors. For the high performance transistor, the low thermal and low resistance processes are essential. In this study, the high performance CMOS transistors with 65nm gate length and l.6nm gate oxide, low resistance CVD Co for the small contact holes, and selectively formed CoSix in the peripheral area are added to the smallest 25F/sup 2/ double stacked S/sup 3/ SRAM cell for ultra high speed applications with the highest density such as 288M bits.
A sticker based model for DNA computation (1998)

Vve introduce a new model of molecular computation that we call the sticker model.Like many previous proposals it makes use of DNA strands as the physical substrate in which information is represented and of separation by hybridization as a central mechanism.However , unlike previous models, the stickers model has a random access memory that requires no strand extension, uses no enzymes, and (at least in theory) its materials are reusable.The paper describes computation under the stickers model and discusses possible means for physically implementing each operation.We go on to propose a specific machine architecture for implementing the stickers model as a microprocessor-controlled parallel robotic workstation.Finally, we discuss several methods for achieving acceptable overall error rates for a computation using basic operations that are error prone.In t he course of this development a number of previous general concerns about molecular computation [36, 2 0 , 24 ) are addressed.First, it is clear that general-purpose algorithms can be implemented by DNA-based computers, potentially solving a " .. •ide class of search problems.Second, we find that there are challenging problems, for which only modest volumes of DNA should suffice.Third, we demonstrate that the formation and breaking of covalent bonds is not intrinsic to DNA-based computation.This means that costly and short-lived materials such as enzymes are not necessary, nor are energetically costly processes such as PCR.Fourth , \ .... e show that a single essential biotechnology, sequence-specific separation , suffices for constructing a general-purpose molecular computer.Fifth, we illustrate that separation errors can theoretically be reduced to tolerable levels by invoking a trade-off between time, space, and error rates at the level of algorithm design; we also outline several specific ways in which this can be done and present numerical calculations of their per formance.Despite these encouraging theoretical advances , we emphasize that sub-stantial engineering challenges remain at almost all stages and that the ultimate success or failure of DNA computing will certainly depend on whether t.hese challenges can be met in laboratory investigations.
Design and Application of Electron-Transporting Organic Materials (1995)

Operating lifetime is the main problem that complicates the use of polymeric light-emitting diodes (LEDs). A class of electron transport (ET) polymers [poly(aryl acrylate) and poly(aryl ether)s] is reported in which moieties with high electron affinities are covalently attached to stable polymer backbones. Devices based on poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) prepared with these materials exhibited a 30-fold improvement in stability and, in one case, dramatically lower (10 volts versus about 30 volts) operating voltage relative to those having conventional ET layers. The current-carrying capacity of indium tin oxide-PPV-polymeric ET layer-aluminum LEDs was also increased by a factor of 30. These improvements lead to an enhancement in power efficiency of nearly an order of magnitude. Choosing polymers with high glass transition temperatures increases device lifetime.
Detection of epidermal growth factor receptor in the serum of patients with cervical carcinoma. (2000)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in a variety of malignancies, including breast, lung, gastric, and cervical carcinoma. Its overexpression has been associated with disease progression or poor prognosis in patients with cervical carcinoma. In the present study, the levels of EGFR were determined in serum from 38 patients with cervical carcinoma [invasive or recurrent carcinoma (n = 26) and carcinoma in situ (CIS; n = 12)] and 38 healthy female controls using ELISA. The mean serum level for EGFR in patients with invasive or recurrent carcinoma (165 +/- 60 fmol/ml) was significantly elevated (P < 0.0001) compared with that of healthy controls (66 +/- 17 fmol/ml) and also higher (P = 0.015) than that of patients with CIS (126 +/- 25 fmol/ml). In addition, there was a significant difference in the mean serum levels of EGFR between patients with CIS and healthy controls (P < 0.0001). Thirty-five patients (92%) with cervical carcinoma [invasive or recurrent (n = 24) and CIS (n = 11)] had elevated serum, EGFR levels above the cutoff value of 100 fmol/ml (defined as 2 SD above the mean of the controls). In conclusion, the serum EGFR level was elevated in a significant proportion of patients with cervical carcinoma, and it demonstrated an increasing tendency according to disease progression from normal tissue through CIS to invasive cervical carcinoma. Therefore, it may have a potential usefulness as a biological marker of cervical carcinoma.
Fabrication and Characterization of the Plate-Shaped γ-Fe2O3 Nanocrystals (2002)

Plate-shaped γ-Fe2O3 nanocrystals have been successfully prepared in a water system by a simple reduction−oxidation method at room temperature and under ambient pressure. The reactions contain two steps: first, Fe(II) is reduced into Fe atoms by γ-ray irradiation in nitrogen atmosphere; then, Fe atoms are oxidized into γ-Fe2O3 in air. XRD, TEM, EDXA, XPS, and Mössbauer spectrum were used to characterize the final product. The magnetic characterization showed that the γ-Fe2O3 nanocrystals have a specific saturation magnetization of 83 emu/g and a coercivity of 320 Oe (25.5 kA/m). A possible formation mechanism of the plate-shaped γ-Fe2O3 nanocrystals was suggested.
Tissue Uptake and Oxidation of Disodium Sebacate in Man (1991)

In order to better ascertain its possible use as an alternative fuel substrate in total parenteral nutrition, sebacate (Sb) metabolism was studied in seven overnight-fasting healthy male volunteers, who received a constant iv infusion (99 mmoles over 8 hours) of disodium sebacate. Sb oxidation rate was determined using an isotopic sebacate (disodic salt of (1-10)14C-sebacic acid) infusion (100 mu Ci from the fourth to the eighth hour of the cold sebacate infusion). Blood samples were collected during and after sebacate infusion at intervals of 30 minutes and Sb serum concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Excreted radioactivity (mu Ci/min) was measured by bubbling the expired air into an apparatus containing 3 mEq hyamine to trap CO2 from a 20-L Douglas-bag. CO2 production and O2 consumption were measured before and at 4 and 8 hours after starting the infusion. Twenty-four hour nitrogen excretion with urine was obtained. The RQ and the percent of calories derived from lipid oxidation were calculated by indirect calorimetry. The Sb serum level at the plateau phase was (mean +/- SD) 4.54 +/- 0.71 mumole/mL, the overall rate of tissue uptake was 180.89 +/- 4.50 mumole/min, and the percent oxidation was 6.14 +/- 0.44%. At the end of Sb infusion the RQ dropped to 0.839 +/- 0.043, the percent of calories due to sebacate oxidation was 1.59 +/- 0.52%, and the calories derived from lipids increased to 37.77 +/- 12.90%. These data show that a definite amount of the sebacate infused is oxidized in human tissues.
Vision-Based Road Detection in Automotive Systems: A Real-Time Expectation-Driven Approach (1995)

The main aim of this work is the development of a vision-based road detection system fast enough to cope with the difficult real-time constraints imposed by moving vehicle applications. The hardware platform, a special-purpose massively parallel system, has been chosen to minimize system production and operational costs. This paper presents a novel approach to expectation-driven low-level image segmentation, which can be mapped naturally onto mesh-connected massively parallel SIMD architectures capable of handling hierarchical data structures. The input image is assumed to contain a distorted version of a given template; a multiresolution stretching process is used to reshape the original template in accordance with the acquired image content, minimizing a potential function. The distorted template is the process output.
Acute Effects of Left Atrial Radiofrequency Ablation on Atrial Fibrillation (2004)

When left atrial ablation is performed during AF, the AF may convert to atrial tachycardia or flutter in approximately 10% of patients. Focal atrial tachycardias that occur during ablation of AF may be attributable to driving mechanisms that persist after AF has been eliminated, whereas atrial flutter results from incomplete ablation lines.
An Affinity-Based Probe for the Human Adenosine A2AReceptor (2018)

Using activity-based protein profiling (ABPP), functional proteins can be interrogated in their native environment. Despite their pharmaceutical relevance, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been difficult to address through ABPP. In the current study, we took the prototypical human adenosine A<sub>2A</sub> receptor (hA<sub>2A</sub>R) as the starting point for the construction of a chemical toolbox allowing two-step affinity-based labeling of GPCRs. First, we equipped an irreversibly binding hA<sub>2A</sub>R ligand with a terminal alkyne to serve as probe. We showed that our probe irreversibly and concentration-dependently labeled purified hA<sub>2A</sub>R. Click-ligation with a sulfonated cyanine-3 fluorophore allowed us to visualize the receptor on SDS-PAGE. We further demonstrated that labeling of the purified hA<sub>2A</sub>R by our probe could be inhibited by selective antagonists. Lastly, we showed successful labeling of the receptor in cell membranes overexpressing hA<sub>2A</sub>R, making our probe a promising affinity-based tool compound that sets the stage for the further development of probes for GPCRs.
New Role for Shc in Activation of the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Pathway (2000)

Most, if not all, cytokines activate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3K). Although many cytokine receptors have direct binding sites for the p85 subunit of PI-3K, others, such as the interleukin-3 (IL-3) receptor beta common chain (betac) and the IL-2 receptor beta chain (IL-2Rbeta), lack such sites, leaving the mechanism by which they activate PI-3K unclear. Here, we show that the protooncoprotein Shc, which promotes Ras activation by recruiting the Grb2-Sos complex in response to stimulation of cytokine stimulation, also signals to the PI-3K/Akt pathway. Analysis of Y-->F and "add-back" mutants of betac shows that Y577, the Shc binding site, is the major site required for Gab2 phosphorylation in response to cytokine stimulation. When fused directly to a mutant form of IL-2Rbeta that lacks other cytoplasmic tyrosines, Shc can promote Gab2 tyrosyl phosphorylation. Mutation of the three tyrosyl phosphorylation sites of Shc, which bind Grb2, blocks the ability of the Shc chimera to evoke Gab2 tyrosyl phosphorylation. Overexpression of mutants of Grb2 with inactive SH2 or SH3 domains also blocks cytokine-stimulated Gab2 phosphorylation. The majority of cytokine-stimulated PI-3K activity associates with Gab2, and inducible expression of a Gab2 mutant unable to bind PI-3K markedly impairs IL-3-induced Akt activation and cell growth. Experiments with the chimeric receptors indicate that Shc also signals to the PI-3K/Akt pathway in response to IL-2. Our results suggest that cytokine receptors lacking direct PI-3K binding sites activate Akt via a Shc/Grb2/Gab2/PI-3K pathway, thereby regulating cell survival and/or proliferation.
Targeting mucosal dendritic cells with microbial antigens from probiotic lactic acid bacteria (2008)

The use of vaccines against infectious microbes has been critical to the advancement of medicine. Vaccine strategies combined with, or without, adjuvants have been established to eradicate various bacterial and viral pathogens. A new generation of vaccines is being developed using specific strains of Gram-positive, lactic acid bacteria and, notably, some probiotic lactobacilli. These bacteria have been safely consumed by humans for centuries in fermented foods. Thus, they can be orally administered, are well tolerated by recipients and could be easily and economically provided to large populations. In this overview, we focus on mucosal immunity and how its cellular component(s), particularly dendritic cells, can be specifically targeted to deliver immunogenic subunits, such as the protective antigen from Bacillus anthracis (the causative agent of anthrax). An antigen-specific immune response can be elicited using specific strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus expressing the protective antigen. A mucosal, dendritic cell-targeted approach increases the bioavailability of an immunogen of interest when delivered orally by L. acidophilus. This provides an efficiently elegant natural strategy and serves a dual function as an immune-stimulating adjuvant in vivo.
Generation of high-order Hermite-Gaussian modes in end-pumped solid-state lasers for square vortex array laser beam generation (2012)

This study reports the first systematic approach to the excitation of all high-order Hermite-Gaussian modes (HGMs) in end-pumped solid-state lasers. This study uses a metal-wire-inserted laser resonator accompanied with the "off axis pumping" approach. This study presents numerical analysis of the excitation of HGMs in end-pumped solid-state lasers and experimentally generated HGM patterns. This study also experimentally demonstrates the generation of an square vortex array laser beams by passing specific high-order HGMs (HGn,n + 1 or HGn + 1,n modes) through a Dove prism-embedded unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer [Optics Express 16, 19934-19949]. The resulting square vortex array laser beams with embedded vortexes aligned in a square array can be applied to multi-spot dark optical traps in the future.