gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD3-zeta surface expression is required for CD4-p56lck-mediated upregulation of T cell antigen receptor-CD3 signaling in T cells. (1992)

It has been proposed that during T cell receptor antigen recognition, CD4- or CD8-p56lck molecules interact with the T cell antigen receptor-CD3 complex (TCR-CD3) to phosphorylate various undefined substrates, which then initiate signal transduction through the TCR-CD3 complex. The ability of CD4 to modulate the TCR-CD3-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+, [Ca2+]i, and substrate tyrosine phosphorylation was studied in mutants of the human leukemic T cell line HPB-ALL characterized by their low expression of the TCR-CD3 complex on the cell surface. In TCR-CD3low cells, in which CD3-zeta was found to be associated with the TCR-CD3 complex, cross-linking CD3 with CD4 resulted in a profile of calcium mobilization, CD3-zeta, and phospholipase C-gamma 1 tyrosine phosphorylation similar to that observed in HPB-ALL cells, although the magnitude of generalized substrate tyrosine phosphorylation appeared to be smaller, as compared with wild-type cells. Responses were weak or absent when CD3 was cross-linked alone. In contrast, in a mutant in which association of CD3-zeta 2 with the TCR-CD3 was defective, cross-linking of CD3 with CD4 had a weaker effect on any of the activation parameters tested. These experiments showed that the presence of CD3-zeta 2 in the TCR-CD3 complex is of critical importance for the ability of CD4 to enhance early transducing signals inside the cell. The data also suggest that CD4-associated protein tyrosine kinase p56lck could up-regulate defective CD3-mediated induction of phospholipase C activity by increasing tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C-gamma 1.
Nonlinear Companding Transform for Reducing Peak-to-Average Power Ratio of OFDM Signals (2004)

A new nonlinear companding transform scheme is proposed to reduce the peak-to-average ratio (PAPR) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals. By exploiting statistical distribution of transmitted OFDM signals, the proposed scheme effectively reduces the PAPR by compressing the peak signals and expanding the small signals, while maintaining the average power unchanged by properly choosing transform parameters. The fact that the proposed companding scheme is described by a single-valued function allows to be transformed before amplification and to be restored the signals at the receiver. The proposed scheme can be applicable with any modulation format and subcarriers. Our simulations results confirm that the suggested scheme exhibits a good ability to reduce PAPR and a good BER performance with a solid state power amplifier (SSPA) in an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel.
Rheumatic diseases: the effects of inflammation on bone (2005)

Rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, the seronegative spondyloarthropathies including psoriatic arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus are all examples of rheumatic diseases in which inflammation is associated with skeletal pathology. Although some of the mechanisms of skeletal remodeling are shared among these diseases, each disease has a unique impact on articular bone or on the axial or appendicular skeleton. Studies in human disease and in animal models of arthritis have identified the osteoclast as the predominant cell type mediating bone loss in arthritis. Many of the cytokines and growth factors implicated in the inflammatory processes in rheumatic diseases have also been demonstrated to impact osteoclast differentiation and function either directly, by acting on cells of the osteoclast-lineage, or indirectly, by acting on other cell types to modulate expression of the key osteoclastogenic factor receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF) kappaB ligand (RANKL) and/or its inhibitor osteoprotegerin (OPG). Further elucidation of the mechanisms responsible for inflammation-induced bone loss will potentially lead to the identification of novel therapeutic strategies for the prevention of bone loss in these diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the cell types, inflammatory mediators, and mechanisms that are implicated in bone loss and new bone formation in inflammatory joint diseases.
Phase 1 multicenter dose-escalation study of ezatiostat hydrochloride (TLK199 tablets), a novel glutathione analog prodrug, in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (2009)

Phase 1 testing of ezatiostat, a glutathione S-transferase P1-1 inhibitor, for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome was conducted in a multidose-escalation study. Patients received 10 dose levels (200, 400, 1000, 1400, 2000, 2400, 3000, 4000, 5000, and 6000 mg) of ezatiostat tablets in divided doses on days 1 to 7 of a 21-day cycle for a maximum of 8 cycles. The safety and pharmacokinetics of ezatiostat were evaluated. Forty-five patients with low to intermediate-2 International Prognostic Scoring System risk myelodysplastic syndrome were enrolled. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed. The most common grade 1 or 2, respectively, treatment-related adverse events were nonhematologic: nausea (56%, 9%), diarrhea (36%, 7%), vomiting (24%, 7%), abdominal pain (9%, 0%), constipation (4%, 9%), anorexia (3%, 7%), and dyspepsia (3%, 7%). Concentration of the primary active metabolite, TLK236, increased proportionate to ezatiostat dosage. Seventeen hematologic improvement (HI) responses by International Working Group criteria were observed at dose levels of 200 to 6000 mg/day with 11 HI responses at doses of 4000 to 6000 mg/day. HI responses occurred in all lineages including 3 bilineage and 1 complete cytogenetic response. Decreased number of red blood cell and platelet transfusions and in some cases transfusion independence were attained. Extended dose schedules of ezatiostat tablets are under investigation.
42-fs pulse generation from a mode-locked fiber laser started with a moving mirror (1993)

Passive mode locking initiated with a moving mirror is demonstrated in a neodymium fiber laser for what is to our knowledge the first time. Near-bandwidth-limited pulses with a width of 42 fs and energies as high as 1 nJ are generated.
Intracerebral bispecific ligand-antibody conjugate increases survival of animals bearing endogenously arising brain tumors (1998)

Bispecific antibodies capable of simultaneously binding a tumor surface antigen and the T-cell receptor/CD3 complex are capable of inducing polyclonal immune effector cells to destroy targeted tumor cells. Bispecific antibody immunotherapies have shown some promise against tumors of hematopoietic origin such as lymphomas, but use of bispecific antibodies for the treatment of solid tumors has been less fully explored. To test the preclinical potential of bispecific antibody therapy against an endogenously arising solid brain tumor, we have utilized a novel variation of conventional bispecific antibodies, referred to as bispecific ligand-antibody conjugates, to target choroid plexus tumors. The bispecific ligand-antibody conjugate described in this study is a chemical conjugate between an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (MAb) and folic acid, the ligand for a high-affinity surface receptor expressed on the surface of choroid plexus tumors. SV11 mice transgenic for SV40 large T antigen and its promoter develop solid choroid plexus tumors in the brain. We demonstrate that choroid plexus tumor cells are susceptible in vitro to cytolysis mediated by cytotoxic T cells in the presence of the bispecific ligand-antibody conjugate in a folate-inhibitable manner. Adoptive immunotherapy studies demonstrate the potential benefits of the bispecific ligand-antibody conjugate in vivo. The bispecific conjugate is capable of retaining adoptively transferred T lymphocytes specifically within tumor tissue for periods of up to at least 1 week. Further, following intracerebro-ventricular injection of bispecific conjugate and splenocytes containing activated cytotoxic T cells, T cells were observed to penetrate to interior regions of the tumor. A single treatment of adoptively delivered activated effectors and bispecific conjugate into the brain ventricles was insufficient to produce significant increases in survival of SV11 mice, but repeated treatment through indwelling cannulas prolonged survival of animals treated with activated effectors and bispecific ligand-antibody conjugate compared to animals treated with activated effectors or saline alone. Our results demonstrate that the SV11 model may be useful for preclinical evaluation and optimization of bispecific ligand-antibody conjugate treatments of solid tumors.
ACS National Meeting: Program for the Division of Chemical Education: San Francisco, CA, March 26-30, 2000 (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReportNEXTACS National Meeting: Program for the Division of Chemical Education: San Francisco, CA, March 26-30, 2000Eun-Woo Chang , Morton Hoffman , and Boyd L. Earl Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 3, 283Publication Date (Web):March 1, 2000Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 March 2000Published inissue 1 March 2000https://doi.org/10.1021/ed077p283RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views56Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (62 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Chemistry education Get e-Alerts
Biomass of termites and their emissions of methane and carbon dioxide: A global database (1996)

A global database describing the geographical distribution of the biomass of termites and their emissions of methane and carbon dioxide has been constructed. Termite biomasses were assigned to various ecosystems using published measurements and a recent high‐resolution (10′ × 10′) database of vegetation categories. The assigned biomasses were then combined with literature measurements of fluxes of methane and carbon dioxide from termites and extrapolated to give global emission estimates for each gas. The global emissions of methane and carbon dioxide are 19.7 ± 1.5 and 3500 ± 700 Mt yr −1 , respectively (1 Mt = 1012 g). These emissions contribute approximately 4% and 2%, respectively, to the total global fluxes of these gases. This database gives an accurate distribution of the biomasses and gaseous emissions by termites and may be incorporated into global models of the atmosphere.
Chronic hypertension and altered baroreflex responses in transgenic mice containing the human renin and human angiotensinogen genes. (1996)

We have generated a transgenic model consisting of both the human renin and human angiotensinogen genes to study further the role played by the renin-angiotensin system in regulating arterial pressure. Transgenic mice containing either gene alone were normotensive, whereas mice containing both genes were chronically hypertensive. Plasma renin activity and plasma angiotensin II levels were both markedly elevated in the double transgenic mice compared with either single transgenic or nontransgenic controls. The elevation in blood pressure caused by the human transgenes was independent of the genotype at the endogenous renin locus and was equal in mice homozygous for the Ren-1c allele or in mice containing one copy each of Ren-1c, Ren-1d, or Ren-2. Chronic overproduction of angiotensin II in the double transgenic mice resulted in a resetting of the baroreflex control of heart rate to a higher pressure without significantly changing the gain or sensitivity of the reflex. Moreover, this change was not due to the effects of elevated pressure itself since angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition had minimal effects on the baroreflex in spontaneously hypertensive BPH-2 control mice, which exhibit non-renin-dependent hypertension. This double transgenic model should provide an excellent tool for further studies on the mechanisms of hypertension initiated by the renin-angiotensin system.
Magneto-Optical Properties of Materials Containing Divalent Europium (1966)

A variety of relatively transparent materials containing Eu+ + have become available, thus enabling a study to be made of the magneto-optical properties of the Eu+ + ion in widely different environments. The following materials are reviewed: Eu2SiO4 (orthorhombic structure with a ferromagnetic Curie temperature Tc of 7°K), dilute Eu+ + in CaF2 (fluorite structure), EuF2 (fluorite structure, Tc≈0), EuO−Al2O3−B2O3 glasses (Tc=0), EuSe (NaCl structure, Tc=7°K), and EuO (NaCl structure, Tc=69°K). We discuss the magneto-optical properties of the ``nonmagnetic'' materials (CaF2: Eu+ +, EuF2, Eu glasses) in terms of an intra-atomic 4f7→4f65d transition. Using this transition, calculation of the Faraday and Cotton-Mouton birefringence in EuF2 gives reasonable agreement with experiment. The magneto-optical properties of the ``magnetic materials'' (Eu chalcogenides) are discussed in terms of an interatomic (4f7) (4f7) → (4f6) (4f75d) transition. This transition gives reasonable agreement with the observed magnitudes of the magnetic absorption edge shifts in EuSe and EuO.
Total Synthesis and Absolute Stereochemical Assignment of (−)-Communesin F (2010)

A concise asymmetric total synthesis of (-)-communesin F (∼6% overall yield in the longest linear sequence of 19 steps) is described. It features an unprecedented intramolecular oxidative coupling strategy for the elaboration of the requisite spiro-fused indoline moiety. Other notable elements are the use of TBS-protected (S)-phenylglycinol as a chiral auxiliary to induce the asymmetric formation of the spiro-fused indoline part, the mesylate-mediated formation of its G ring, and the introduction of the A ring at the final stage via intramolecular Staudinger reaction. This intramolecular Staudinger reaction proceeded smoothly at 80 °C, providing an additional example illustrating that twisted amides are more reactive than simple amides. Along with the total synthesis, we were able to assign the absolute configuration of natural communesin F as 6R,7R,8R,9S,11R.
Non-specific interstitial pneumonia showing a “crazy paving” pattern on high resolution CT (2001)

Non-specific interstitial pneumonia is characterized pathologically by uniform interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. This disease is most commonly demonstrated on high resolution CT as subpleural ground-glass opacity mixed with irregular linear opacities. The authors report a case of non-specific interstitial pneumonia with high resolution findings consistent with a "crazy paving pattern". This appearance, represented by smoothly thickened interlobular septa with a background of geographic areas of ground-glass opacity, is unusual for non-specific interstitial pneumonia and was indistinguishable from other interstitial or alveolar lung diseases.
Regions of Lower Crossing Over Harbor More Rare Variants in African Populations of Drosophila melanogaster (2001)

A correlation between diversity levels and rates of recombination is predicted both by models of positive selection, such as hitchhiking associated with the rapid fixation of advantageous mutations, and by models of purifying selection against strongly deleterious mutations (commonly referred to as "background selection"). With parameter values appropriate for Drosophila populations, only the first class of models predicts a marked skew in the frequency spectrum of linked neutral variants, relative to a neutral model. Here, we consider 29 loci scattered throughout the Drosophila melanogaster genome. We show that, in African populations, a summary of the frequency spectrum of polymorphic mutations is positively correlated with the meiotic rate of crossing over. This pattern is demonstrated to be unlikely under a model of background selection. Models of weakly deleterious selection are not expected to produce both the observed correlation and the extent to which nucleotide diversity is reduced in regions of low (but nonzero) recombination. Thus, of existing models, hitchhiking due to the recurrent fixation of advantageous variants is the most plausible explanation for the data.
Expression and Microvillar Localization of Scavenger Receptor, Class B, Type I (a High Density Lipoprotein Receptor) in Luteinized and Hormone-Desensitized Rat Ovarian Models* (1998)

Steroidogenic cells in rats and mice obtain most of their cholesterol for steroid production and cholesteryl ester (CE) storage via the selective uptake pathway in which high density lipoprotein CE (HDL-CE) is taken into the cell without the uptake and degradation of the HDL particle. A number of recent studies show that the scavenger receptor, class B, type I (SR-BI) can mediate HDL-CE selective uptake in cultured cells and suggest that this receptor may be responsible for HDL-CE selective uptake in steroidogenic cells in vivo. In the current study we examine the relationship between SR-BI expression and HDL-CE selective uptake in the gonadotropin-primed, luteinized rat ovary and in the ovary that is desensitized by multiple gonadotropin treatments. Results from this study demonstrate a tight association between expression of SR-BI and measurements of HDL-CE selective uptake regardless of the steroidogenic state of the ovary. Thus, in the luteinized ovary (which is actively producing progestins), HDL-CE selective uptake is high, as is the expression of SR-BI. In the desensitized ovary (where CE content is reduced by 90% and progestin production is virtually absent), HDL-CE selective uptake and SR-BI are induced 2- to 3-fold compared with those in the luteinized ovary. These data argue that SR-BI can be regulated by the cholesterol status of the luteal cell independently of gonadotropic stimulation. Immunostaining at the light microscopic level showed strong expression of SR-BI specifically on the surface of luteal cells in the luteinized and desensitized ovary. Immunolocalization at the electron microscopic level showed that SR-BI was associated with microvilli and microvillar channels of the luteal cell surface. This result supports the hypothesis that microvilli and microvillar channels represent a cell surface compartment that is specialized for the selective uptake of lipoprotein cholesterol into steroidogenic cells.
Phase II trial of megestrol in the supportive care of patients receiving dose-intensive chemotherapy. (1994)

Megestrol acetate was given daily to lung cancer patients undergoing therapy with CODE and to recurrent head and neck cancer patients receiving DEB/M in an attempt to prevent weight loss. The outcomes in this study were compared with the same outcomes in similar groups of patients treated with the same chemotherapy regimens, but in which prednisone was used as the main supportive drug along with co-trimoxazole, ketoconazole, and either cimetidine or sucralfate. Weight loss was less pronounced in the current patients than in the previous ones. Nevertheless, there were several factors that led us to conclude that megestrol is not an adequate substitute for prednisone in patients receiving this kind of chemotherapy.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Chondroitin and Its Derivatives Catalyzed by Hyaluronidase (2003)

The enzymatic polymerization to provide synthetic chondroitin and its derivatives is reported here, the first example of such in vitro synthesis to date. N-Acetylchondrosine (GlcAbeta(1-->3)GalNAc) oxazoline (1a) and its derivatives (1b-1f) were designed and synthesized as novel transition state analogue substrate monomers for catalysis by hyaluronidase. Hyaluronidase is a hydrolysis enzyme of chondroitin that also catalyzes the formation of repeated glycosidic bonds in in vitro synthesis, rather than in the catabolic direction. Monomers of 2-methyl (1a), 2-ethyl (1b), and 2-vinyl (1f) oxazoline derivatives were polymerized using this enzyme, via ring-opening polyaddition with total control of regioselectivity and stereochemistry. These reactions provided the corresponding synthetic chondroitin (natural type; N-acetyl, 2a) and the derivatives (unnatural type) with N-propionyl (2b) and N-acryloyl (2f) functional groups at the C2 position of all the galactosamine units, in good yields. Monomers of 2-n-propyl (1c) and 2-isopropyl (1d) oxazoline derivatives were polymerized to produce 2c and 2d in low yield. The 2-phenyl oxazoline derivative (1e) did not afford any enzyme-catalyzed products. M(n) values of 2a and 2b reached 4800 and 4000, respectively. The M(n) value of 2a corresponds to that of the naturally occurring chondroitin. Thus, hyaluronidase catalysis allows the in vitro production of not only natural type but also the formation of unnatural type chondroitins.
Experimental investigation of interference from other seismic crews (1987)

Abstract In a study of the contamination of reflection seismic data by interfering noise from other seismic crews, controlled experiments were performed in the Gulf of Mexico and the North Sea. In each experiment, a survey ship traversed a line several times collecting both data free of and data contaminated by interfering crew noise. In the Gulf of Mexico experiment, the 'noise' ship followed a prescribed course about 11 km from the survey ship. In the North Sea experiment, the noise ship was positioned at stationary locations 10 and 40 km broadside to the survey line. Recorded interference noise in both experiments had peak amplitudes well above the 0.5 to 1.5 Pa (5 to 15 mu bar) limit beyond which crews typically must agree on time-sharing.Despite recorded crew noise that was three to eight times higher than levels typically considered acceptable, the conventionally processed common-midpoint stack of the contaminated Gulf of Mexico data shows only slight evidence of the interference noise; in contrast, the North Sea stack is severely contaminated by crew noise as early as 1 s. However, when each unstacked trace is scaled by time-varying weights that vary inversely with the local power in the trace, the crew noise is no longer visible in the contaminated stack of either data set. Trace-weight normalization in this process is designed to ensure that stacked signal amplitudes are generally preserved. A simulated line wherein the actual Gulf of Mexico data are contaminated by crew noise five times stronger than that recorded in the field [yielding effective peak noise values of 7.5 to 20 Pa (75 to 200 mu bar)] also shows no evidence of crew noise after inverse-power weighted stacking.When data processing includes conventional stacking, we recommend that the specified tolerable amount of crew noise be based upon the root-mean-square amplitude of the crew noise computed over an entire record. With burst suppression techniques, such as inverse power-weighted stacking, we recommend that the specified level be based upon the duration of the strong-amplitude burst as well. With both criteria, field specifications can be chosen that remain conservative while tolerating considerably more crew-interference noise than in the past. Issues of the influence of crew noise on the analysis of prestack data remain for future study.