gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of dendritic cell maturation in the skin microenvironment by soluble factors derived from colon carcinoma (2014)

Autologous tumor cell-based vaccines provide a wide range of tumor antigens and personalized neo-epitopes based on individual tumors' unique antigenic mutanome signatures. However, tumor-derived factors may hamper in situ maturation of dendritic cells (DC) and thus interfere with the generation of effective anti-tumor immunity. As the skin is a preferred site for tumor vaccine delivery, we investigated the influence of primary colon carcinoma-derived soluble factors on the maturation state of migrating DC in a human skin explant model. Primary tumor-derived supernatants (TDSN) enhanced the phenotypic maturation state of skin-emigrated DC, resulting in an increased T-cell stimulatory ability in an allogeneic mixed leukocyte response. In case of monocyte-derived DC a similar TDSN-induced maturation induction was found to entirely depend on cyclooxygenase (COX)-regulated prostaglandins. In contrast, the increase in skin-emigrated DC maturation was completely prostaglandin-independent, as evidenced by the inability of the COX inhibitor indomethacin to abrogate this TDSN-induced effect. Although TDSN conditioning affected a drop in IL-12p70 release by the skin-emigrated DC and induced a predominant Th17/Th22 transcriptional profile in subsequently stimulated T-cells, Th cell subset differentiation, as assessed by intracellular cytokine expression upon polyclonal priming and re-stimulation, was not affected. Comparative analysis of phenotypic and transcriptional profiles suggests that the observed maturational effects in skin-derived DC may have been induced by tumor-derived GM-CSF. In conclusion, soluble factors derived from whole-cell colon tumor vaccines will not negatively impact DC migration and maturation in human skin, but rather induce DC maturation that will facilitate the priming of a poly-functional Th cell response.
Characterization of microvoids in device-quality hydrogenated amorphous silicon by small-angle x-ray scattering and infrared measurements (1989)

The size, shape, and number density of microvoids in device-quality glow discharge deposited hydrogenated a-Si has been obtained by small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). By combining the SAXS results with infrared measurements, we deduce that the interior surfaces of these microvoids are largely unhydrogenated, containing at most 4--9 bonded H atoms. We suggest that these H atoms are the clustered H atoms previously detected by multiple-quantum NMR.
Wound infection, dressings and pain, is there a relationship in the chronic wound? (2012)

The focus on quality of life issues in wound care has justly taken a far greater importance. With the acceptance that pain can be a major factor to the patient, and in particular, pain at dressing change comes the opportunity for avoidance and/or reduction strategies. Whilst pain has been associated with wound infection for millennia, it is only much more recently that this has received due attention from research and clinical practice. In this study, the nature of pain, changes in pain and pain associated with infection are the focal points. A Delphi approach, now a frequently used tool in wound care research, has been used to obtain expert opinion on these aspects of management.
Angiogenin promotes invasiveness of cultured endothelial cells by stimulation of cell-associated proteolytic activities. (1994)

Angiogenin, a potent inducer of neovascularization in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane and rabbit cornea, promotes endothelial cell invasion of Matrigel basement membrane. A transformed bovine aortic endothelial cell line, GM 7373, is 5 times more invasive when cultured in the presence of 1 microgram of bovine angiogenin per ml than in its absence. A polyclonal anti-angiogenin antibody and alpha 2-antiplasmin neutralize the effect of angiogenin, but an angiogenin-binding protein (actin) does not. Further, this concentration of angiogenin induces a 14-fold increase in the cell-associated proteolytic activity of cultured endothelial cells, determined with a tissue-type plasminogen activator-specific peptide as the substrate. In addition, cells cultured on a three-dimensional fibrin gel in the presence of angiogenin are 3 times more capable of dissolving the gel and forming focal defects in the underlying matrix. The results indicate that angiogenin can enhance the ability of endothelial cells to digest extracellular matrix components and degrade basement membrane, thereby facilitating cell invasion and migration. Binding of angiogenin to its cell-surface binding protein (actin) followed by dissociation of the angiogenin-actin complex from the cell surface and subsequent activation of tissue-type plasminogen activator/plasmin are likely steps involved in the processes of endothelial cell invasion and angiogenesis.
Analysis of sterilization protocols for peptide‐modified hydrogels (2005)

Concerns about the efficacy of ethanol disinfection for implanted biomaterials prompted investigation of an alternative sterilization process, ultraviolet irradiation, for terminal sterilization of N-isopropylacrylamide-based hydrogels containing biomimetic peptides. Ultraviolet irradiation is more easily applied on a laboratory scale than gamma irradiation or electron beam, two commercially utilized methods; thus, UVC irradiation was investigated as a low-cost sterilization procedure that might be performed in laboratories prior to in vivo studies. UVC irradiation at 400 muW/cm(2) for up to 15 h did not prevent growth of Escherichia coli within the hydrogels, while ethanol disinfection did prevent growth for the duration of the experiment (120 h). Furthermore, UVC irradiation caused progressive degradation of peptides containing the Arg-Gly-Arg (RGD) domain. UVC irradiation cannot be used as a terminal sterilization process for peptide-modified materials. The system used in this study is not intended to be adequate for evaluating the sterility of medical devices in accordance with current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP); however, it remains a useful, low-cost system for the preliminary evaluation of sterilization procedures in terms of their ability to eliminate pathogenic organisms while preserving the structure of biologically active molecules within in a laboratory setting. Ethanol treatment is still the preferred method for disinfection of bioactive materials containing peptides or UV-degradable groups.
Modeling of Spiral Inductors (2010)

This section explains overview of the on-chip inductors. Demand for on-chip inductors has been increasing especially for CMOS RF circuits. An on-chip inductor is a key component because its performance directly affects the circuit performance and the chip cost. The onchip inductors have been used, for example, as a matching network component, as baluns, and as an inductive load. The requirements for on-chip inductors are to have an appropriate inductance value, high self-resonance frequency, and high-quality factor Q, and to occupy a small layout area. In this section, several types of on-chip inductors are introduced.
In vivo evaluation of changes in body composition of transgenic mice expressing the myostatin pro domain using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. (2007)

Over expression of the pro domain of myostatin (MLC-pro) interferes with myostatin function, thus promoting muscle growth. The purpose of this study was to use dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to monitor, in vivo, the course of changes in body composition of control and MLC-pro transgenic (TG) mice between 10 and 91 days of age. MLC-pro TG (n = 32) and littermate control (n = 28) mice were produced by mating G-3 male TG mice with non-TG females. At days 10, 20 and weekly thereafter to day 62, and finally at day 91, the mice were anesthetized and scanned by DXA. By day 34, the body weight of the male TG mice was more than that of the control mice and was accompanied by a larger lean mass (LM) and a lower percentage of fat (%F) (P < 0.05). At day 91, the male TG mice had 15.6% greater body weight, 19.4% more LM, 22.4% lower %F, 11.5% more bone mineral, and 4.4% higher bone density (P < 0.05). The lower %F in the TG mice was due mainly to an increase in LM, rather than reduced FM. Measurements of the TG female mice were not different (P > 0.05) from those of control female mice. A region-of-interest analysis was used to provide a separate measure of the hind limb. By using DXA, this study determined the onset and degree of differences in body composition of MLC-pro TG and littermate control mice.
DNMT3b overexpression contributes to a hypermethylator phenotype in human breast cancer cell lines (2008)

These observations combine to strongly suggest that: (a) a subset of breast cancer cell lines express a hypermethylator phenotype, (b) the hypermethylation defect in these breast cancer cell lines is related to aberrant overexpression of DNMT activity, (c) overexpression of DNMT3b protein significantly contributes to the elevated DNMT activity observed in tumor cells expressing this phenotype, and (d) the six-gene hypermethylator signature characterized in breast cancer cell lines defines a distinct cluster of primary basal-like breast cancers.
Note—Optimal Strategies on Fourth Down (1978)

An attempted field goal on fourth down, with short yardage required for first down, is a considerably poorer strategy than is generally thought.
A Naturalistic Comparison of Clozapine, Risperidone, and Olanzapine in the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder (2000)

These results suggest that the efficacy and tolerability of risperidone, olanzapine, and clozapine are similar in patients with bipolar disorder. One major differentiation factor of these drugs appears to be weight gain, particularly between olanzapine and risperidone. This may, in part, also be related to the need to use mood-stabilizing agents, like lithium or divalproex sodium, which may potentiate the weight-gain effect of novel antipsychotics.
Dendritic cells in the T‐cell areas of lymphoid organs (1997)

Substantial numbers of dendritic cells (DCs) are found in the T-cell areas of peripheral lymphoid organs such as the spleen, lymph node and Peyer's patch. By electron microscopy these DCs (also called interdigitating cells) form a network through which T-cells continually recirculate. The cytological features of DCs in the T-cell areas, as well as a number of markers detected with monoclonal antibodies, are similar to mature DCs that develop from other sites such as skin and bone marrow. Some markers that are expressed in abundance are: MHC II and the associated invariant chain, accessory molecules such as CD40 and CD86, a multilectin receptor for antigen presentation called DEC-205, the integrin CD11c, several antigens within the endocytic system that are detected by monoclonal antibodies but are as yet uncharacterized at the molecular level, and, in the human system, molecules termed S100b, CD83 and p55. DCs in the periphery can pick up antigens and migrate to the T-cell areas to initiate immunity. However, there are new observations that DCs within the T-cell areas also express high levels of self-antigens and functional fas-ligand capable of inducing CD4+ T-cell death. We speculate that there are at least 2 sets of DCs in the T-cell areas, a migratory myeloid pathway that brings in antigens from the periphery and induces immunity, and a more resident lymphoid pathway that presents self-antigens and maintains tolerance.
Application of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Polymorphisms to the Analysis of DNA Recovered from Sperm (1986)

Sperms, collected following sexual activity of volunteers, were processed to isolate high-molecular weight deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). These DNA samples were digested with particular restriction endonucleases and analyzed with probes that recognize polymorphic DNA regions within the human genome. The pattern of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) detected by this test is identical to that observed with DNA prepared from blood of the male sexual partner. Therefore, RFLP analysis can be used to exclude or to determine the probable identity of an assailant in rape cases.
Extracellular pH Changes during Spreading Depression and Cerebral Ischemia: Mechanisms of Brain pH Regulation (1984)

We have examined the extracellular pH (pHe) during spreading depression and complete cerebral ischemia in rat parietal cortex utilizing double-barrelled H+ liquid ion exchanger microelectrodes. The baseline pHe of the parietal cortex was 7.33 at a mean arterial PCO2 of 38 mm Hg. Following spreading depression and cerebral ischemia, highly reproducible triphasic changes in pHe occurred, which were intimately related to the negative deflection in tissue potential (Ve). The changes in pHe for spreading depression (n = 23) were a small initial acidic shift, beginning before the rapid change in Ve, followed by a rapid transient alkaline shift of 0.16 pH units, the onset of which coincided with the negative deflection in Ve. A prolonged acidic shift of 0.42 pH units then occurred. The maximal decrease in pHe was to 6.97 and the mean duration of the triphasic pHe change was 7.8 min. The lactate concentration in brain cortex increased from baseline 1.2 mM to 7.0 mM (n = 6) during the maximal acidic change in spreading depression. In addition, lactate levels correlated well with resolution of the pHe changes during spreading depression. The triphasic pHe changes following complete cerebral ischemia were an initial acidic shift of 0.43 pH units which developed over 2 min, then an alkaline shift of 0.10 pH units coincident with the negative deflection in Ve, and a final acidic shift of 0.26 pH units. The terminal pHe was 6.75. Superfusion of the cortex with inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase (acetazolamide), Na+/H+ counter transport (amiloride), and Cl-/HCO-3 countertransport (4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid) altered the triphasic pHe changes in a similar fashion for both spreading depression and cerebral ischemia, providing insights into the pHe regulatory mechanisms in mammalian brain.
Iridium-Catalyzed C–H Borylation of Heteroarenes: Scope, Regioselectivity, Application to Late-Stage Functionalization, and Mechanism (2014)

A study on the iridium-catalyzed C-H borylation of heteroarenes is reported. Several heteroarenes containing multiple heteroatoms were found to be amenable to C-H borylation catalyzed by the combination of an iridium(I) precursor and tetramethylphenanthroline. The investigations of the scope of the reaction led to the development of powerful rules for predicting the regioselectivity of borylation, foremost of which is that borylation occurs distal to nitrogen atoms. One-pot functionalizations are reported of the heteroaryl boronate esters formed in situ, demonstrating the usefulness of the reported methodology for the synthesis of complex heteroaryl structures. Application of this methodology to the synthesis and late-stage functionalization of biologically active compounds is also demonstrated. Mechanistic studies show that basic heteroarenes can bind to the catalyst and alter the resting state from the olefin-bound complex observed during arene borylation to a species containing a bound heteroarene, leading to catalyst deactivation. Studies on the origins of the observed regioselectivity show that borylation occurs distal to N-H bonds due to rapid N-H borylation, creating an unfavorable steric environment for borylation adjacent to these bonds. Computational studies and mechanistic studies show that the lack of observable borylation of C-H bonds adjacent to basic nitrogen is not the result of coordination to a bulky Lewis acid prior to C-H activation, but the combination of a higher-energy pathway for the borylation of these bonds relative to other C-H bonds and the instability of the products formed from borylation adjacent to basic nitrogen.
Identification of B10, an alkaline phosphodiesterase of the apical plasma membrane of hepatocytes and biliary cells, in rat serum: Increased levels following bile duct ligation and during the development of cholangiocarcinoma (1998)

Alkaline phosphodiesterase (APDE) is associated with the cellular plasma membrane of many organs. Several isoforms are also detected in normal human serum and their respective amounts vary in liver diseases but their significance is unknown. The aims of this study were: 1) to identify a serum form of B10, an APDE exclusively localized at the apical pole of the plasma membrane of rat hepatocytes and biliary cells; 2) to gain insight into its origin; and 3) to investigate its behavior, in two liver diseases in which an abnormal membrane expression of B10 has been reported, namely cholestasis and cholangiocarcinoma. A soluble form of B10 was immunoprecipitated from normal rat serum, which amounted to 13% of total serum APDE activity. By sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the size of the serum enzyme was 125 kd, which is slightly lower than that found in the plasma membrane (130 kd). In bile, a 120-kd and a 130-kd form was found. A sixfold and fivefold increase of B10 APDE activity was observed in the serum of bile duct-ligated rats and in the Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats which spontaneously develop cholangiocarcinoma. The molecular size of the form present in serum was unchanged. A threefold increase was also observed in LEC rats which had not yet developed a cholangiocarcinoma. In conclusion, we identified a soluble form of B10 in normal rat serum. The increase in serum B10 in the experimental and pathological conditions investigated does not seem to result from passage of the biliary form to the serum but seems to be caused by increased cleavage of the membrane form. Its rise early during the onset of cholangiocarcinoma suggests that B10 in the serum might be a marker of carcinogenesis and/or be involved in the development of cholangiocarcinoma.
The linoleic acid derivative DCP-LA selectively activates PKC-ɛ, possibly binding to the phosphatidylserine binding site (2006)

This study examined the effect of 8-[2-(2-pentyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-cyclopropyl]-octanoic acid (DCP-LA), a newly synthesized linoleic acid derivative with cyclopropane rings instead of cis-double bonds, on protein kinase C (PKC) activity. In the in situ PKC assay with reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, DCP-LA significantly activated PKC in PC-12 cells in a concentration-dependent (10 nM-100 microM) manner, with the maximal effect at 100 nM, and the DCP-LA effect was blocked by GF109203X, a PKC inhibitor, or a selective inhibitor peptide of the novel PKC isozyme PKC-epsilon. Furthermore, DCP-LA activated PKC in HEK-293 cells that was inhibited by the small, interfering RNA against PKC-epsilon. In the cell-free PKC assay, of the nine isozymes examined here, DCP-LA most strongly activated PKC-epsilon, with >7-fold potency over other PKC isozymes, in the absence of dioleoyl-phosphatidylserine and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol; instead, the DCP-LA action was inhibited by dioleoyl-phosphatidylserine. DCP-LA also activated PKC-gamma, a conventional PKC, but to a much lesser extent compared with that for PKC-epsilon, by a mechanism distinct from PKC-epsilon activation. Thus, DCP-LA serves as a selective activator of PKC-epsilon, possibly by binding to the phosphatidylserine binding site on PKC-epsilon. These results may provide fresh insight into lipid signaling in PKC activation.
Monoclonal anti‐idiotypic antibody mimicking a tumor‐associated sialoglycoprotein antigen induces humoral immune response against human small‐cell lung carcinoma (1989)

We have previously described the tumor-associated sialoglycoprotein antigen sGP90-135 defined by the murine LAM8 MAb. The antigen is characterized by strong membrane expression in a proportion of small-cell carcinomas of the lung, but little or no expression on normal tissues of epithelial or neural origin or on blood cells. With the aim of obtaining anti-idiotypic antibodies which might be useful as surrogates for sGP90-135 in vaccination studies, LOU rats were immunized with LAM8 MAb and their spleen cells fused with Y3 rat myeloma cells. The LY8-229 hybrid was selected by an anti-idiotype competition radioimmunoassay on antigen-positive target cells. LY8-229 was shown to be a rat IgG1 with high specificity for LAM8 combining site. Solubilized small-cell carcinoma extract, as well as antibody SEN16, which recognizes the same tumor-associated antigen sGP90-135, selectively inhibited 125I-LY8-229 binding to LAM8. Serum from BALB/c mice and DA rats immunized with anti-idiotypic antibody LY8-229 showed reactivity with antigen-positive target cell lines, but not with antigen-negative control cell lines. The induction of a specific immune response in 2 different species by the anti-idiotypic antibody LY8-229 suggests that LY8-229 bears the internal image of the antigen sGP90-135 and that it might be a candidate for immunotherapy trials in cancer patients.
Association of Apolipoprotein E with the Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor: Demonstration of Its Co-Operativity on Lipid Microemulsion Particles1 (1989)

When human apolipoprotein E (apoE), which forms a self-associated tetramer in an aqueous solution, bound to the surface of triolein/phosphatidylcholine microemulsion with a particle diameter of 26 nm, it became monomeric on the lipid particle surface without strong evidence for its accumulation on a particular particle that might be expected from its tetramer formation in the aqueous phase. ApoE in the form of the self-associated tetramer did not inhibit binding of human low density lipoprotein (LDL) to its receptor on cultured human skin fibroblast. LDL binding was inhibited only when apoE was bound to the lipid particle surface. The affinity of the apoE-containing lipid particle to the LDL receptor was of the same order as that of LDL on the basis of particle molarity when the surface of the particle was covered with apoE up to 40 to 50% of the saturation level. When the particle was covered more with apoE, the affinity increased by some 20 times. Since the surface of the lipid particle was saturated with 7 apoE molecules, the particle seemed to require to have at least 4 apoE molecules on its surface in order to obtain high binding affinity to LDL receptor.
In situ measurement of soil dielectric permittivity of various soil types across the climatic zones of Nigeria (2011)

The increasing use of microwaves and millimeter waves in various fields of human endeavor such as communications, radar, medicine, biology, agriculture, industrial processes and civil engineering demands accurate data on the dielectric properties of materials. For instance, field density and soil water content are used as a quality control or quality assurance criterion in flexible pavement systems, embankments, canals, earth dams, reinforced earth systems and roadways. This has led to researches into the dielectric properties of porous materials such as soils and rocks. This work has been undergone because of the dearth of data using the in-situ method of estimation of soil electrical parameters from the tropics most especially Nigeria and as well as to optimize analysis of soil conditions for enhanced quality and yield of turf and crops. In this paper, in-situ measurement of soil parameters such as soil dielectric permittivity, soil volumetric moisture content and soil temperature of various types of soil has been made across the climatic zones of Nigeria using Davis Wireless Vantage Pro2 equipment at a fixed frequency of 928 MHz. The result of this study reveals that soil volumetric moisture content is the dominant factor that influences soil electrical characteristics.

	 

	Key words: In-situ, dielectric, permittivity, propagation, dispersion.