gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatial information transmission beyond a system’s diffraction limit using optical spectral encoding of the spatial frequency (2008)

We propose optical spectral encoding of an object's spatial frequencies as a means of transmitting, through a low-numerical-aperture optical system, spatial information with an instantaneous spatial frequency bandwidth wider than the optical system's diffraction-limited bandwidth. We validate this new superresolution approach experimentally and demonstrate one of its possible practical implementations - wide-field spectrally encoded imaging that is sensitive to nanometre-scale local variations in the microstructure of centimetre-scale samples.
Morphine Biosynthesis in Opium Poppy Involves Two Cell Types: Sieve Elements and Laticifers (2013)

Immunofluorescence labeling and shotgun proteomics were used to establish the cell type-specific localization of morphine biosynthesis in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). Polyclonal antibodies for each of six enzymes involved in converting (R)-reticuline to morphine detected corresponding antigens in sieve elements of the phloem, as described previously for all upstream enzymes transforming (S)-norcoclaurine to (S)-reticuline. Validated shotgun proteomics performed on whole-stem and latex total protein extracts generated 2031 and 830 distinct protein families, respectively. Proteins corresponding to nine morphine biosynthetic enzymes were represented in the whole stem, whereas only four of the final five pathway enzymes were detected in the latex. Salutaridine synthase was detected in the whole stem, but not in the latex subproteome. The final three enzymes converting thebaine to morphine were among the most abundant active latex proteins despite a limited occurrence in laticifers suggested by immunofluorescence labeling. Multiple charge isoforms of two key O-demethylases in the latex were revealed by two-dimensional immunoblot analysis. Salutaridine biosynthesis appears to occur only in sieve elements, whereas conversion of thebaine to morphine is predominant in adjacent laticifers, which contain morphine-rich latex. Complementary use of immunofluorescence labeling and shotgun proteomics has substantially resolved the cellular localization of morphine biosynthesis in opium poppy.
Efficiency comparison of two preparative mechanisms for magnetic separation of erythrocytes from whole blood (1981)

Separation efficiencies of erythrocytes, made paramagnetic by oxidation of their cellular oxyhemoglobin to methemoglobin with sodium nitrite, were compared under identical magnetic separation conditions with those of cells whose oxyhemoglobin had been reduced to deoxyhemoglobin through exposure to sodium dithionite, and the percentage of high-spin hemoglobin was estimated spectrophotometrically. Both parallel and transverse flow/matrix filter configurations gave greater average separation efficiencies, with less variability, for erythrocytes containing the dithionite-reduced hemoglobin. These findings are thought to originate in the characteristics of the oxidative reaction, since the spectrophotometric data indicate a similar variability in oxidation of oxyhemoglobin to methemoglobin.
Moments and points in an interval‐based temporal logic (1989)

Abstract This paper develops and explores a first‐order theory of time that appears useful as an underlying framework for a wide range of practical applications in artificial intelligence (AI). In particular, it presents a concise, formal axiomatization of “interval‐based” time as described by Allen and then explores the relationship between interval‐based and point‐based temporal theories in detail. This analysis should be useful to both theoretical and practical work in AI that involves the representation of time, since it shows what distinctions are actually substantive and what arise merely from formalisms being notational variants of one another.
Constant envelope multi-carrier modulation (2003)

A constant envelope multi-carrier modulation scheme is proposed that combines DCT (discrete cosine transform) based multi-carrier modulation and continuous phase modulation (CPM) with the objective of producing a constant envelope waveform. Guard interval and frequency-domain equalization are used to remove ISI on frequency-selective multipath channels. Phase detection and correction is implemented with oversampling. On the AWGN channel, error probability performance is also given and compared with that of BPSK. Simulation results are presented on a multipath fading channel to compare its performance with that of OFDM.
Rationale for adding trace elements to total parenteral nutrient solutions—a brief review (1978)

The physiologic importance of trace element supplementation to total parenteral nutrition solutions is discussed. The trace elements discussed are copper, zinc, manganese and iodide.
Transplants of Umbilical-Cord Blood or Bone Marrow from Unrelated Donors in Adults with Acute Leukemia (2004)

Cord blood from an unrelated donor is an alternative source of hematopoietic stem cells for adults with acute leukemia who lack an HLA-matched bone marrow donor.
Improved anti-leukemia activities of adoptively transferred T cells expressing bispecific T-cell engager in mice (2016)

Despite the impressive clinical efficacy of T cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR-Ts), the current applications of CAR-T cell therapy are limited by major treatment-related toxicity. Thus, safer yet effective alternative approaches must be developed. In this study, we compared CD19 bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE)-transferred T cells that had been transfected by RNA electroporation with CD19 CAR RNA-transferred T cells both in vitro and in an aggressive Nalm6 leukemia mouse model. BiTEs were secreted from the transferred T cells and enabled both the transferred and bystander T cells to specifically recognize CD19(+) cell lines, with increased tumor killing ability, prolonged functional persistence, increased cytokine production and potent proliferation compared with the CAR-T cells. More interestingly, in comparison with CD3/CD28 bead-stimulated T cells, T cells that were expanded by a rapid T-cell expansion protocol (REP) showed enhanced anti-tumor activities for both CAR and BiTE RNA-electroporated T cells both in vitro and in a Nalm6 mouse model (P<0.01). Furthermore, the REP T cells with BiTE RNAs showed greater efficacy in the Nalm6 leukemia model compared with REP T cells with CAR RNA (P<0.05) and resulted in complete leukemia remission.
P450 GENES: STRUCTURE, EVOLUTION, AND REGULATION (1987)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
CD28 Down-Regulation on Circulating CD4 T-Cells Is Associated with Poor Prognoses of Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2010)

Marked down-regulation of CD28 on circulating CD4 T-cells, a result of repeated antigen-driven proliferations, is associated with poor outcomes in IPF patients. The CD4(+)CD28(null) cells of these patients have potentially enhanced pathogenic characteristics, including increased productions of cytotoxic mediators and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These findings show proliferative T-cell responses to antigen(s) resulting in CD28 down-regulation are associated with progression and manifestations of IPF, and suggest assays of circulating CD4 T-cells may identify patients at greatest risk for clinical deterioration.
Cell-based sensor for analysis of EGFR biomarker expression in oral cancer (2007)

Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and has been marked by high morbidity and poor survival rates that have changed little over the past few decades. Beyond prevention, early detection is the most crucial determinant for successful treatment and survival of cancer. Yet current methodologies for cancer diagnosis based upon pathological examination alone are insufficient for detecting early tumor progression and molecular transformation. To address this clinical need, we have developed a cell-based sensor to detect oral cancer biomarkers, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) whose over-expression is associated with early oral tumorigenesis and aggressive cancer phenotypes. The lab-on-a-chip (LOC) sensor utilizes an embedded track-etched membrane, which functions as a micro-sieve, to capture and enrich cells from complex biological fluids or biopsy suspensions. Once captured, "on-membrane" immunofluorescent assays reveal the presence and isotype of interrogated cells via automated microscopy and fluorescent image analysis. Using the LOC sensor system, with integrated capture and staining technique, EGFR assays were completed in less than 10 minutes with staining intensity, homogeneity, and cellular localization patterns comparable to conventional labeling methods. Further examination of EGFR expression in three oral cancer cell lines revealed a significant increase (p < 0.05) above control cells with EGFR expression similar to normal squamous epithelium. Results obtained in the microfluidic sensor system correlated well with flow cytometry (r(2) = 0.98), the "gold standard" in quantitative protein expression analysis. In addition, the LOC sensor detected significant differences between two of the oral cancer cell lines (p < 0.01), accounting for disparity of approximately 34 000 EGFR per cell according to quantitative flow cytometry. Taken together, these results support the LOC sensor system as a suitable platform for rapid detection of oral cancer biomarkers and characterization of EGFR over-expression in oral malignancies. Application of this technique may be clinically useful in cancer diagnostics for early detection, prognostic evaluation, and therapeutic selection. Having demonstrated the functionality of this integrated microfluidic sensor system, further studies using clinical samples from oral cancer patients are now warranted.
Split-liver orthotopic liver transplantation: how to divide the portal pedicle. (1992)

It is possible to obtain two good-quality hepatic transplants from a single cadaveric liver by separation of right and left lobes of the liver or section between the left medial segment and the left lateral segment medial to the umbilical cleft. We attempt to define the ideal basis of separation of the structures of the portal pedicle, based on anatomic study of 25 livers. Ideally, the following should be sectioned: the left portal vein, longer and more constant than the right; the right branch of the hepatic artery, larger and more constant than the left; and the left hepatic duct, being aware of the vascularization of the common hepatic duct. Use of the left portal vein necessitates the interruption of all left venous portal branches of segment I, which should be systematically resected. A section between the left medial segment and the left lateral segment interrupts all portal venous branches of the left medial segment, which should then be resected. Before hepatic division, a cholangiogram and arteriogram are indispensable to detect variations and avoid an extensive dissection that may endanger bile duct vascularity.
Simvastatin Improves Disturbed Endothelial Barrier Function (2000)

These data show that simvastatin, in a relatively high concentration, improves disturbed endothelial barrier function both in vitro and in vivo. The data also support the beneficial effects of simvastatin in acute coronary events by mechanisms other than its lipid-lowering effect.
Methylation profiling and evaluation of demethylating therapy in renal cell carcinoma (2013)

These findings provide preclinical evidence that treatment with demethylating agents such as azacitidine might be useful for the treatment of advanced RCC and further insights into the role of epigenetic changes in the pathogenesis of RCC.
The discrete fractional Fourier transform (1999)

We propose and consolidate a definition of the discrete fractional Fourier transform which generalizes the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) in the same sense that the continuous fractional Fourier transform (FRT) generalizes the continuous ordinary Fourier Transform. This definition is based on a particular set of eigenvectors of the DFT which constitutes the discrete counterpart of the set of Hermite-Gaussian functions. The fact that this definition satisfies all the desirable properties expected of the discrete FRT, supports our confidence that it will be accepted as the definitive definition of this transform.
Fabrication of CMOS on ultrathin SOI obtained by epitaxial lateral overgrowth and chemical-mechanical polishing (2002)

A novel method for obtaining ultra-thin, defect-free silicon on insulator (SOI) film is introduced. This technique uses epitaxial lateral overgrowth of Si (ELO) and chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP). SOI films with thicknesses of 100 nm were obtained. These films were used in fabrication and dual poly CMOS devices. The quality of the SOI film obtained is the same as that of bulk silicon, and the device characteristics are comparable with those of devices fabricated on bulk. A minimum geometry unloaded inverter ring oscillator on SOI film obtained by ELO and CMP showed a speed improvement of 3* over the bulk devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synthesis and biological activity of some 2-aminoimidazoles. (1977)

A review of the literature showed that 2-amino-imidazoles have not benn taken into consideration as antimicrobial agents. Our preliminary data indicating that 2-amino-4(5)-phenylimidazole possessed a moderate in vitro activity prompted us to prepare a limited series of 2-amino-4(5)-arylimidazoles and of some related derivatives. In vitro atimicrobial screening gave evidence of a broad spectrum activity for some of them. Several compounds have been tested also against S. mutans. In particular, 2-amino-4(5)-(4-biphenylyl)-imidazole hydrochloride showed substantial activity in this test, confirmed also against defferent representative strains of S. mutans. When submitted to a plaque inhibition test, it strongly inhibited the plaque forming ability of a S. mutans strain.
Accelerated Dynamic MRI Exploiting Sparsity and Low-Rank Structure: k-t SLR (2011)

We introduce a novel algorithm to reconstruct dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from under-sampled k-t space data. In contrast to classical model based cine MRI schemes that rely on the sparsity or banded structure in Fourier space, we use the compact representation of the data in the Karhunen Louve transform (KLT) domain to exploit the correlations in the dataset. The use of the data-dependent KL transform makes our approach ideally suited to a range of dynamic imaging problems, even when the motion is not periodic. In comparison to current KLT-based methods that rely on a two-step approach to first estimate the basis functions and then use it for reconstruction, we pose the problem as a spectrally regularized matrix recovery problem. By simultaneously determining the temporal basis functions and its spatial weights from the entire measured data, the proposed scheme is capable of providing high quality reconstructions at a range of accelerations. In addition to using the compact representation in the KLT domain, we also exploit the sparsity of the data to further improve the recovery rate. Validations using numerical phantoms and in vivo cardiac perfusion MRI data demonstrate the significant improvement in performance offered by the proposed scheme over existing methods.
Sensing Proteins through Nanopores: Fundamental to Applications (2012)

Proteins subjected to an electric field and forced to pass through a nanopore induce blockades of ionic current that depend on the protein and nanopore characteristics and interactions between them. Recent advances in the analysis of these blockades have highlighted a variety of phenomena that can be used to study protein translocation and protein folding, to probe single-molecule catalytic reactions in order to obtain kinetic and thermodynamic information, and to detect protein-antibody complexes, proteins with DNA and RNA aptamers, and protein-pore interactions. Nanopore design is now well controlled, allowing the development of future biotechnologies and medicine applications.
Effects of O[sub 2] Ambient on the Properties of MgO Thin Films Deposited by E-Beam Evaporation (2007)

It is widely known that the presence of oxygen ambient during the deposition affects the properties of films. However, there have not been sufficient studies done that take these effects into consideration. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of ambient during the electron beam evaporation on the properties of both the thin film as a whole and its surface. In terms of its effects on the films as a whole, the growth behavior and crystallographic orientations were considered. In terms of its effects on the surfaces of the films, the surface morphologies and surface electronic structures strongly related to the firing voltages of the panels were investigated. The column sizes of the film formed under ambient were larger than those of the film formed without ambient. The film formed under ambient at a pressure of had the highest (111) preferred crystallographic orientation. In addition, the surface of the film formed under of ambient had the highest density of states of the valence band and the smallest bandgap. This caused the panel with the film to have the lowest firing voltages.
Hematologic and serum biochemical values for zebrafish (Danio rerio). (2003)

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has proven an excellent model for study of vertebrate development and genetics. Mutagenesis studies have produced many blood mutants with defects ranging from hematopoiesis to coagulation. The overwhelming majority of zebrafish studies have focused on development and mutational effects in embryos, whereas effects in mature zebrafish have gone largely unexplored. We believe that zebrafish will prove a valuable model for study of aging and age-related diseases, and we have sought to characterize some of the basic features of mature zebrafish. Accordingly, blood was collected from adult zebrafish and was analyzed to determine reference hematologic and biochemical parameters. White blood cell differential counts indicated predominantly lymphocytes, with mean proportion of 82.95%. Total red blood cell counts averaged 3.02 x 10(6) cells/microl. Except for increases in alanine transaminase (ALT), amylase, and phosphorus values, serum biochemical analytes were within the range of reported values for mammals and other species of fish. Accurate analysis of the many zebrafish mutants generated requires determination of normal characteristics of zebrafish. We believe results such as these will help define normal adult zebrafish, which have a tremendous potential for use in the study of human disease and aging.
Acquisition of External Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Molecules by Natural Killer Cells Expressing Inhibitory Ly49 Receptors (2001)

Murine natural killer (NK) cells express inhibitory Ly49 receptors specific for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. We report that during interactions with cells in the environment, NK cells acquired MHC class I ligands from surrounding cells in a Ly49-specific fashion and displayed them at the cell surface. Ligand acquisition sometimes reached 20% of the MHC class I expression on surrounding cells, involved transfer of the entire MHC class I protein to the NK cell, and was independent of whether or not the NK cell expressed the MHC class I ligand itself. We also present indirect evidence for spontaneous MHC class I acquisition in vivo, as well as describe an in vitro coculture system with transfected cells in which the same phenomenon occurred. Functional studies in the latter model showed that uptake of H-2D(d) by Ly49A+ NK cells was accompanied by a partial inactivation of cytotoxic activity in the NK cell, as tested against H-2D(d)-negative target cells. In addition, ligand acquisition did not abrogate the ability of Ly49A+ NK cells to receive inhibitory signals from external H-2D(d) molecules. This study is the first to describe ligand acquisition by NK cells, which parallels recently described phenomena in T and B cells.
A combinatorial histidine scanning library approach to engineer highly pH‐dependent protein switches (2011)

There is growing interest in the development of protein switches, which are proteins whose function, such as binding a target molecule, can be modulated through environmental triggers. Efforts to engineer highly pH sensitive protein-protein interactions typically rely on the rational introduction of ionizable groups in the protein interface. Such experiments are typically time intensive and often sacrifice the protein's affinity at the permissive pH. The underlying thermodynamics of proton-linkage dictate that the presence of multiple ionizable groups, which undergo a pK(a) change on protein binding, are necessary to result in highly pH-dependent binding. To test this hypothesis, a novel combinatorial histidine library was developed where every possible combination of histidine and wild-type residue is sampled throughout the interface of a model anti-RNase A single domain VHH antibody. Antibodies were coselected for high-affinity binding and pH-sensitivity using an in vitro, dual-function selection strategy. The resulting antibodies retained near wild-type affinity yet became highly sensitive to small decreases in pH, drastically decreasing their binding affinity, due to the incorporation of multiple histidine groups. Several trends were observed, such as histidine "hot-spots," which will help enhance the development of pH switch proteins as well as increase our understanding of the role of ionizable residues in protein interfaces. Overall, the combinatorial approach is rapid, general, and robust and should be capable of producing highly pH-sensitive protein affinity reagents for a number of different applications.
Bioengineering in Development of the Hybrid Artificial Pancreas (1991)

The hybrid artificial pancreas for treatment of diabetes consists of insulin-secreting pancreatic tissue which is surrounded by a membrane that protects the tissue from rejection by the immune system following implantation. In this paper, we review the alternative therapeutic approaches for diabetes under study and then discuss the technical requirements that must be met by a hybrid device useful to humans. Previous work on intravascular and extravascular immunoisolation devices is reviewed from the standpoint of these requirements, and three critical unresolved issues are discussed: biocompatibility, oxygen supply limitations, and prevention of immune rejection.