gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of an Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor and a β-Blocker on Cerebral Arterioles in Rats (1999)

We examined the effects of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, perindopril, and a beta-blocker, propranolol, on cerebral arterioles in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). The structure and mechanics of cerebral arterioles were examined in untreated Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and SHRSP that were untreated or treated for 3 months with a high (2 mg/kg per day) or a low (0.3 mg/kg per day) dose of perindopril or propranolol (250 mg/kg per day) alone or in combination with the low dose of perindopril. We measured pressure, external diameter, and cross-sectional area of the vessel wall (CSA) in maximally dilated (with EDTA) cerebral arterioles. Treatment of SHRSP with the high dose of perindopril or the combination of propranolol and the low dose of perindopril normalized cerebral arteriolar mean pressure (50+/-1 [mean+/-SEM] and 43+/-2 mm Hg vs 50+/-1 mm Hg in WKY and 94+/-3 mm Hg in untreated SHRSP; P<0.05), pulse pressure (15+/-1 and 16+/-1 mm Hg vs 13+/-1 mm Hg in WKY and 35+/-1 mm Hg in untreated SHRSP; P<0.05), and CSA (1103+/-53 and 1099+/-51 microm2, respectively, vs 1057+/-49 microm2 in WKY and 1281+/-62 microm2 in untreated SHRSP; P<0.05). In contrast, treatment of SHRSP with the low dose of perindopril or propranolol alone did not normalize arteriolar pulse pressure (24+/-1 and 21+/-1 mm Hg) and failed to prevent increases in CSA (1282+/-77 and 1267+/-94 microm2). Treatment with either dose of perindopril or the combination of propranolol and perindopril significantly increased external diameter in cerebral arterioles of SHRSP (99+/-3, 103+/-2, and 98+/-3 microm vs 87+/-2 microm in untreated SHRSP; P<0.05), whereas propranolol alone did not (94+/-3 microm; P>0.05). These findings suggest that effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on cerebral arteriolar hypertrophy in SHRSP may depend primarily on their effects on arterial pressure, particularly pulse pressure, whereas their effects on cerebral arteriolar remodeling (defined as a reduction in external diameter) may be pressure independent.
Instream flow studies in perspective (1988)

Abstract The Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM) has been subject to criticisms, including its apparent imprecision, inability to predict discharge‐biomass relationships, lack of independence of hydraulic variables, and omission of predation/competition as variables in assessing the dynamics of aquatic populations and communities. This paper addresses criticisms of the methodology, stressing three themes. First, the development of IFIM to its present form is described. The goal of the method is to relate biotic values in equivalent terms to those used to estimate other beneficial uses of water. As such the engineering concepts of hydraulic simulation and suitability criteria play a strong role in the model. Previous studies suggest that IFIM appears to perform defensibly in coldwater systems but less well in more complex coolwater and warmwater systems. Second, the strengths of IFIM are considered and the type of environmental of IFIM are considered and the type of environmental problems it is suited to address are described. Research suggests that biotic responses vary dramatically as certain threshold discharges are approached and it is suggested that biomass predictions are inappropriate with current versions of IFIM. Its greatest utility is shown to be in assessing the impacts of water resources development on habitat availability for aquatic organisms. Third, the limitations of IFIM are presented; those that appear to have merit and those that arise from misapplication or misunderstanding of the methodology. We suggest that suitability criteria be developed on a site specific basis and include depth‐velocity dependent functions. The added predictive power by incorporation of coefficients of biological interactions to this management model is probably not justified by the expense required to obtain the data. As a tool, IFIM maximizes generality and precision at the expense of ecological reality but this does not detract from its utility to analyse water resource issues.
SceneSeer: 3D Scene Design with Natural Language (2017)

Designing 3D scenes is currently a creative task that requires significant expertise and effort in using complex 3D design interfaces. This effortful design process starts in stark contrast to the easiness with which people can use language to describe real and imaginary environments. We present SceneSeer: an interactive text to 3D scene generation system that allows a user to design 3D scenes using natural language. A user provides input text from which we extract explicit constraints on the objects that should appear in the scene. Given these explicit constraints, the system then uses a spatial knowledge base learned from an existing database of 3D scenes and 3D object models to infer an arrangement of the objects forming a natural scene matching the input description. Using textual commands the user can then iteratively refine the created scene by adding, removing, replacing, and manipulating objects. We evaluate the quality of 3D scenes generated by SceneSeer in a perceptual evaluation experiment where we compare against manually designed scenes and simpler baselines for 3D scene generation. We demonstrate how the generated scenes can be iteratively refined through simple natural language commands.
Gene expression patterns within cell lines are predictive of chemosensitivity (2008)

A comparison of gene expression and compound sensitivity in panels of cell lines was demonstrated to have a relatively high validation and low false discovery rate supporting the use of this approach and datasets for identifying candidate biomarkers and targeted biologically active compounds.
Peptides derived from self-proteins as partial agonists and antagonists of human CD8+ T-cell clones reactive to melanoma/melanocyte epitope MART1(27-35). (1998)

The self-peptide MART1(27-35) derives from the melanocyte/melanoma protein Melan A/MART1 and is a target epitope of CD8+ T cells, commonly recovered from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes of HLA-A2.1+ melanoma patients. Despite their prevalence in such patients, these CTLs generally appear to be ineffective in mediating tumor regression in vivo. We have noted previously that numerous peptides from both endogenous and foreign proteins are similar to MART1(27-35) and, potentially, are capable of productively engaging the T-cell receptors of patient-derived CTLs. This observation raised the question of whether CTLs in vivo might encounter self-peptide analogues of MART1(27-35) that lack full agonist activity, perhaps to the detriment of the antitumor CTL response. This possibility was evaluated using cloned, patient-derived CTLs with a panel of self-derived natural analogues of MART1(27-35) in assays for cytolysis, cytokine release, and phosphorylation of T-cell receptor signaling constituents. Several peptides were identified as partial agonists, capable of eliciting cytolysis and/or release of cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IFN-gamma but not interleukin 2. Several other peptides showed antagonist behavior, effectively inhibiting cytolysis of MART1(27-35)-pulsed targets, but did not inhibit killing of cells prepulsed with a synthetic, heteroclitic variant of MART1(27-35). Some of these antagonists also had lasting effects on interleukin 2 secretion by CTLs under experimental conditions involving sequential exposure to ligands. Together, these observations suggest that encounters with self-peptide analogues of MART1(27-35) may contribute to the peripheral maintenance of these CTLs, while ultimately impairing the efficacy of this antitumor T-cell response.
Multi-subunit proteins on the surface of filamentous phage: methodologies for displaying antibody (Fab) heavy and light chains (1991)

The display of proteins on the surface of phage offers a powerful means of selecting for rare genes encoding proteins with binding activities. Recently we found that antibody heavy and light chain variable (V) domains fused as a single polypeptide chain to a minor coat protein of filamentous phage fd, could be enriched by successive rounds of phage growth and panning with antigen. This allows the selection of antigen-binding domains directly from diverse libraries of V-genes. Now we show that heterodimeric Fab fragments can be assembled on the surface of the phage by linking one chain to the phage coat protein, and secreting the other into the bacterial periplasm. Furthermore by introducing an amber mutation between the antibody chain and the coat protein, we can either display the antibody on phage using supE strains of bacteria, or produce soluble Fab fragment using non-suppressor strains. The use of Fab fragments may offer advantages over single chain Fv fragments for construction of combinatorial libraries.
Electronic states at the interface of Ti–Si oxide on Si(100) (2002)

The requirement for high K dielectrics for Si devices includes both a low interface state density and a band alignment that blocks both electrons and holes. Titanium dioxide materials are known to exhibit dielectric constants of 80 or higher depending on the crystal structure and, as such, are prime candidates for gate dielectrics. We employ an ultrathin layer of SiO2 prior to the formation of a Ti oxide to limit the density of defect states. The electronic structure is observed during the stepwise growth of the oxide using x-ray and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy. Measurements indicate Ti oxide states at approximately 2 eV below the Si valence band maximum suggesting that the TiO2 conduction band aligns with the Si conduction band. The results indicate nearly flat bands in the silicon consistent with a low interface state density.
Mining the National Cancer Institute's Tumor-Screening Database:  Identification of Compounds with Similar Cellular Activities (2002)

In an effort to enhance access to information available in the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) anticancer drug-screening database, a new suite of Internet accessible (http://spheroid. ncifcrf.gov) computational tools has been assembled for self-organizing map-based (SOM) cluster analysis and data visualization. A range of analysis questions were initially addressed to evaluate improvements in SOM cluster quality based on the data-conditioning procedures of Z-score normalization, capping, and treatment of missing data as well as completeness of drug cell-screening data. These studies established a foundation for SOM cluster analysis of the complete set of NCI's publicly available antitumor drug-screening data. This analysis identified relationships between chemotypes of screened agents and their effect on four major classes of cellular activities: mitosis, nucleic acid synthesis, membrane transport and integrity, and phosphatase- and kinase-mediated cell cycle regulation. Validations of these cellular activities, obtained from literature sources, found (i) strong evidence supporting within cluster memberships and shared cellular activity, (ii) indications of compound selectivity between various types of cellular activity, and (iii) strengths and weaknesses of the NCI's antitumor drug screen data for assigning compounds to these classes of cellular activity. Subsequent analyses of averaged responses within these tumor panel types find a strong dependence on chemotype for coherence among cellular response patterns. The advantages of a global analysis of the complete screening data set are discussed.
Novel Acridine-Triazenes as Prototype Combilexins: Synthesis, DNA Binding, and Biological Activity (1995)

A series of bifunctional ligands has been developed as prototype DNA-binding combilexins using a DNA template-directed approach. These novel agents contain a 1,3-diaryltriazene linker moiety, present in the established DNA minor groove-binder berenil [1,3-bis(4'-amidinophenyl)-triazene], which is attached to an intercalating acridine chromophore by a functionalized thiazole residue. This 9-arylacridine is predicted to confer rotational freedom to the hybrid molecule and thus facilitate bifunctional interaction with double-stranded DNA through a combination of 'classical' intercalation and minor groove-binding processes. The noncovalent DNA-binding properties of these acridine-triazene combilexins, together with the component molecular fragments, have been examined by fluorescence quenching and thermal denaturation studies with calf thymus DNA and two oligonucleotides, [poly(dA-dT)]2 and [poly(dG-dC)]2. In addition, the binding behaviors of these acridine compounds are compared to those of proflavine (3,6-diaminoacridine) and its 9-phenyl derivative. The results indicate that the hybrid agents (i) are more DNA-affinic than either molecular component, (ii) retain the AT-preferential binding properties of the parent difunctionalized 1,3-diaryltriazene residues, despite weak GC-preferential behavior associated with the acridine chromophore, and (iii) have a reduced binding affinity at pH 7 that reflects the protonation status of the acridine. In contrast, the more basic proflavines show much greater binding affinity and a marked preference for GC-rich DNA sequences. In vitro cytotoxicity data with L1210 mouse leukemia and A2780 human colon cancer cell lines show that the conjugate molecules are approximately 10-40-fold more potent than the acridine or triazene subunits and have activities that compare favorably with those of other reported synthetic combilexins. Intercalative binding modes with a model d(GATACGATAC).d(GTATCGTATC) target duplex have been investigated using molecular modeling techniques. These studies provide a rational basis for the binding properties and suggest that the prototype combilexins can bind in a bimodal manner that induces little distortion of the host DNA duplex. Energy-minimized models for the possible dual interactions are discussed.
Structure of the Analgesic μ-Conotoxin KIIIA and Effects on the Structure and Function of Disulfide Deletion (2009)

Mu-conotoxin mu-KIIIA, from Conus kinoshitai, blocks mammalian neuronal voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) and is a potent analgesic following systemic administration in mice. We have determined its solution structure using NMR spectroscopy. Key residues identified previously as being important for activity against VGSCs (Lys7, Trp8, Arg10, Asp11, His12, and Arg14) all reside on an alpha-helix with the exception of Arg14. To further probe structure-activity relationships of this toxin against VGSC subtypes, we have characterized the analogue mu-KIIIA[C1A,C9A], in which the Cys residues involved in one of the three disulfides in mu-KIIIA were replaced with Ala. Its structure is quite similar to that of mu-KIIIA, indicating that the Cys1-Cys9 disulfide bond could be removed without any significant distortion of the alpha-helix bearing the key residues. Consistent with this, mu-KIIIA[C1A,C9A] retained activity against VGSCs, with its rank order of potency being essentially the same as that of mu-KIIIA, namely, Na(V)1.2 > Na(V)1.4 > Na(V)1.7 >or= Na(V)1.1 > Na(V)1.3 > Na(V)1.5. Kinetics of block were obtained for Na(V)1.2, Na(V)1.4, and Na(V)1.7, and in each case, both k(on) and k(off) values of mu-KIIIA[C1A,C9A] were larger than those of mu-KIIIA. Our results show that the key residues for VGSC binding lie mostly on an alpha-helix and that the first disulfide bond can be removed without significantly affecting the structure of this helix, although the modification accelerates the on and off rates of the peptide against all tested VGSC subtypes. These findings lay the groundwork for the design of minimized peptides and helical mimetics as novel analgesics.
A Novel Approach for the Derivation of Putative Primordial Germ Cells and Sertoli Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cells (2008)

Using human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), we describe a novel method for the rapid derivation and enrichment of cells that are comparable to primordial germ cells (PGCs) and Sertoli cells. The methodology described is based on modest changes to the growth conditions commonly used to expand hESCs and does not require genetic manipulation or complex three-dimensional culture. Remarkably, we have determined that simply reducing the size of cultured ESC colonies and manipulating the number of feeding cycles, results in the rapid emergence of cells that are comparable to migratory PGCs. Importantly, these cells can be monitored and purified on the basis of the expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4. Under more stringent differentiating conditions these cells mature and upregulate the expression of specific germ cell markers. Importantly, this process is accompanied by the development of Sertoli-like support cells. Such cells normally provide trophic support and immunoprotection to developing germ cells and may have significant clinical utility in the prevention of graft rejection. The putative Sertoli-germ cell cocultures generated in this study may ultimately be developed to study and manipulate interactions and processes involved in human gametogenesis.
Multiple resources and performance prediction (2002)

This paper describes the origins and history of multiple resource theory in accounting for differences in dual task interference. One particular application of the theory, the 4-dimensional multiple resources model, is described in detail, positing that there will be greater interference between two tasks to the extent that they share stages (perceptual/cognitive vs response) sensory modalities (auditory vs visual), codes (visual vs spatial) and channels of visual information (focal vs ambient). A computational rendering of this model is then presented. Examples are given of how the model predicts interference differences in operational environments. Finally, three challenges to the model are outlined regarding task demand coding, task allocation and visual resource competition.
Characterization of a humanized IgG4 anti-HLA-DR monoclonal antibody that lacks effector cell functions but retains direct antilymphoma activity and increases the potency of rituximab (2006)

HLA-DR is under investigation as a target for monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy of malignancies. Here we describe a humanized IgG4 form of the anti-HLA-DR mAb L243, hL243gamma4P (IMMU-114), generated to provide an agent with selectivity toward neoplastic cells that can kill without complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) or antibody-dependent cellular-cytotoxicity (ADCC), so as to reduce reliance on intact immunologic systems in the patient and effector mechanism-related toxicity. In vitro studies show that replacing the Fc region of hL243gamma1, a humanized IgG1 anti-HLA-DR mAb, with the IgG4 isotype abrogates the effector cell functions of the antibody (ADCC and CDC) while retaining its antigen-binding properties, antiproliferative capacity (in vitro and in vivo), and the ability to induce apoptosis concurrent with activation of the AKT survival pathway. Growth inhibition was evaluated compared with and in combination with the anti-CD20 mAb rituximab, with the combination being more effective than rituximab alone in inhibiting proliferation. Thus, hL243gamma4P is indistinguishable from hL243gamma1 and the parental murine mAb in assays dependent on antigen recognition. The abrogation of ADCC and CDC, which are believed to play a major role in side effects of mAb therapy, may make this antibody an attractive clinical agent. In addition, combination of hL243gamma4P with rituximab offers the prospect for improved patient outcome.
Pitch of noise signals: Evidence for a ’’central spectrum’’ (1977)

A review is given of studies dealing with the pitch of signals derived from white Gaussian noise: the pitch of a (monotic) band of noise, the pitch of (dichotic) noise with an interaural phase shift, the monotic and dichotic repetition pitch, and the pitch of two interaurally delayed (uncorrelated) noises. The aim of the paper is to establish the relationship of these pitch phenomena and their connection with the pitch of monaurally presented simple tones (place pitch) and complex tones (periodicity pitch). Therefore, new experiments were performed on the pitch of two noise bands with harmonically related central frequencies, and the pitch of (dichotic) noise with interaural phase shifts at two harmonically related central frequencies, as well as the pitch of band-reject noise. A uniform explanation appears applicable, in correspondence with the theory of the pitch of complex tones, on the basis of the concept of a ’’central spectrum.’’ A simple schematic model of binaural interaction is used to describe the generation of the central spectrum. Pitch data can be accounted for by this model description. The existence region of pitch of dichotic signals is discussed in connection with other binaural functions, like lateralization, binaural beats, and binaural masked level differences.
Chromatographic Purification of Soluble Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (s-SWNTs) (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTChromatographic Purification of Soluble Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (s-SWNTs)S. Niyogi, H. Hu, M. A. Hamon, P. Bhowmik, B. Zhao, S. M. Rozenzhak, J. Chen, M. E. Itkis, M. S. Meier, and R. C. HaddonView Author Information Departments of Chemistry and Physics and Advanced Carbon Materials Center University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 4, 733–734Publication Date (Web):January 9, 2001Publication History Received10 July 2000Published online9 January 2001Published inissue 1 January 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja0024439https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0024439rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1031Altmetric-Citations160LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Carbon nanotubes,Chromatography,Impurities,Polymers,Purification Get e-Alerts