gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Can coronary angiography predict the site of a subsequent myocardial infarction in patients with mild-to-moderate coronary artery disease? (1988)

To help determine if coronary angiography can predict the site of a future coronary occlusion that will produce a myocardial infarction, the coronary angiograms of 42 consecutive patients who had undergone coronary angiography both before and up to a month after suffering an acute myocardial infarction were evaluated. Twenty-nine patients had a newly occluded coronary artery. Twenty-five of these 29 patients had at least one artery with a greater than 50% stenosis on the initial angiogram. However, in 19 of 29 (66%) patients, the artery that subsequently occluded had less than a 50% stenosis on the first angiogram, and in 28 of 29 (97%), the stenosis was less than 70%. In every patient, at least some irregularity of the coronary wall was present on the first angiogram at the site of the subsequent coronary obstruction. In only 10 of the 29 (34%) did the infarction occur due to occlusion of the artery that previously contained the most severe stenosis. Furthermore, no correlation existed between the severity of the initial coronary stenosis and the time from the first catheterization until the infarction (r2 = 0.0005, p = NS). These data suggest that assessment of the angiographic severity of coronary stenosis may be inadequate to accurately predict the time or location of a subsequent coronary occlusion that will produce a myocardial infarction.
Role of B-Cell–Activating Factor in Adhesion and Growth of Human Multiple Myeloma Cells in the Bone Marrow Microenvironment (2006)

Recent studies have underscored the role of B-cell-activating factor (BAFF), a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, in promoting the survival of malignant B cells, including human multiple myeloma. We here characterized the functional significance of BAFF in the interaction between multiple myeloma and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) and further defined the molecular mechanisms regulating these processes. BAFF is detected on BMSCs derived from multiple myeloma patients as evidenced by flow cytometry. BAFF secretion is 3- to 10-fold higher in BMSCs than in multiple myeloma cells, and tumor cell adhesion to BMSCs augments BAFF secretion by 2- to 5-fold, confirmed by both ELISA and immunoblotting. Adhesion of MM1S and MCCAR multiple myeloma cell lines to KM104 BMSC line transfected with a luciferase reporter vector carrying the BAFF gene promoter (BAFF-LUC) significantly enhanced luciferase activity, suggesting that nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation induced by multiple myeloma adhesion to BMSCs mediates BAFF up-regulation. Moreover, BAFF (0-100 ng/mL) increases adhesion of multiple myeloma lines to BMSCs in a dose-dependent manner; conversely, transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophylin ligand interactor-Ig or B-cell maturation antigen/Fc blocked BAFF stimulation. Using adenoviruses expressing dominant-negative and constitutively expressed AKT as well as NF-kappaB inhibitors, we further showed that BAFF-induced multiple myeloma cell adhesion is primarily mediated via activation of AKT and NF-kappaB signaling. Importantly, BAFF similarly increased adhesion of CD138-expressing patient multiple myeloma cells to BMSCs. These studies establish a role for BAFF in localization and survival of multiple myeloma cells in the bone marrow microenvironment and strongly support novel therapeutics, targeting the interaction between BAFF and its receptors in human multiple myeloma.
Extracting paraphrases from a parallel corpus (2001)

While paraphrasing is critical both for interpretation and generation of natural language, current systems use manual or semi-automatic methods to collect paraphrases. We present an unsupervised learning algorithm for identification of paraphrases from a corpus of multiple English translations of the same source text. Our approach yields phrasal and single word lexical paraphrases as well as syntactic paraphrases.
Electrical characteristics of oxynitrides grown on textured single-crystal silicon (1992)

The electrical characteristics of oxynitrides grown on textured single-crystal silicon are discussed in this letter. This study compares the I-V, C-V, charge trapping, interface state generation, and breakdown characteristics of this new gate dielectric with those of oxides and oxynitrides grown on untextured silicon, and oxides grown on textured silicon. Textured oxynitrides were found to have enhanced conduction and significantly reduced interface state generation. Furthermore, they exhibit an improved immunity to charge trapping under high-field stress, and a significantly higher charge-to-breakdown QBD compared to the textured oxides. These properties make the textured oxynitride a promising gate dielectric for applications in electrical-erasable programmable read-only memories (EEPROMs).
Phenazine production enhances extracellular DNA release via hydrogen peroxide generation inPseudomonas aeruginosa (2013)

In Pseudomonas aeruginosa eDNA is a crucial component essential for biofilm formation and stability. In this study we report that release of eDNA is influenced by the production of phenazine in P. aeruginosa. A ∆phzA-G mutant of P. aeruginosa PA14 deficient in phenazine production generated significantly less eDNA in comparison with the phenazine producing strains. The relationship between eDNA release and phenazine production is bridged via hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation and subsequent H2O2 mediated cell lysis and ultimately release of chromosomal DNA into the extracellular environment as eDNA.
Decision Jungles: Compact and Rich Models for Classification (2013)

Randomized decision trees and forests have a rich history in machine learning and have seen considerable success in application, perhaps particularly so for computer vision. However, they face a fundamental limitation: given enough data, the number of nodes in decision trees will grow exponentially with depth. For certain applications, for example on mobile or embedded processors, memory is a limited resource, and so the exponential growth of trees limits their depth, and thus their potential accuracy. This paper proposes decision jungles, revisiting the idea of ensembles of rooted decision directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), and shows these to be compact and powerful discriminative models for classification. Unlike conventional decision trees that only allow one path to every node, a DAG in a decision jungle allows multiple paths from the root to each leaf. We present and compare two new node merging algorithms that jointly optimize both the features and the structure of the DAGs efficiently. During training, node splitting and node merging are driven by the minimization of exactly the same objective function, here the weighted sum of entropies at the leaves. Results on varied datasets show that, compared to decision forests and several other baselines, decision jungles require dramatically less memory while considerably improving generalization. 1
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of glial scarring and progressive cavitation: in vivo and in vitro analysis of inflammation-induced secondary injury after CNS trauma. (1999)

Post-traumatic cystic cavitation, in which the size and severity of a CNS injury progress from a small area of direct trauma to a greatly enlarged secondary injury surrounded by glial scar tissue, is a poorly understood complication of damage to the brain and spinal cord. Using minimally invasive techniques to avoid primary physical injury, this study demonstrates in vivo that inflammatory processes alone initiate a cascade of secondary tissue damage, progressive cavitation, and glial scarring in the CNS. An in vitro model allowed us to test the hypothesis that specific molecules that stimulate macrophage inflammatory activation are an important step in initiating secondary neuropathology. Time-lapse video analyses of inflammation-induced cavitation in our in vitro model revealed that this process occurs primarily via a previously undescribed cellular mechanism involving dramatic astrocyte morphological changes and rapid migration. The physical process of cavitation leads to astrocyte abandonment of neuronal processes, neurite stretching, and secondary injury. The macrophage mannose receptor and the complement receptor type 3 beta2-integrin are implicated in the cascade that induces cavity and scar formation. We also demonstrate that anti-inflammatory agents modulating transcription via the nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma may be therapeutic in preventing progressive cavitation by limiting inflammation and subsequent secondary damage after CNS injury.
Recent advances in light outcoupling from white organic light-emitting diodes (2015)

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been successfully introduced to the smartphone display market and have geared up to become contenders for applications in general illumination where they promise to combine efficient generation of white light with excellent color quality, glare-free illumination, and highly attractive designs. Device efficiency is the key requirement for such white OLEDs, not only from a sustainability perspective, but also because at the high brightness required for general illumination, losses lead to heating and may, thus, cause rapid device degradation. The efficiency of white OLEDs increased tremendously over the past two decades, and internal charge-to-photon conversion can now be achieved at ∼100% yield. However, the extraction of photons remains rather inefficient (typically <30%). Here, we provide an introduction to the underlying physics of outcoupling in white OLEDs and review recent progress toward making light extraction more efficient. We describe how structures that scatter, refract, or diffract light can be attached to the outside of white OLEDs (external outcoupling) or can be integrated close to the active layers of the device (internal outcoupling). Moreover, the prospects of using top-emitting metal–metal microcavity designs for white OLEDs and of tuning the average orientation of the emissive molecules within the OLED are discussed.
Pharmacokinetics of Single and Multiple Oral Administration of a Self‐emulsifying Formulation of Highly Purified Eicosapentaenoic Acid Ethyl Ester (MND‐2119) Compared With the Nonself‐emulsifying Formulation in Healthy Male Subjects (2022)

MND-2119 is a self-emulsifying formulation of highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester (EPA-E) designed to be administered once daily due to improved absorption compared with the nonself-emulsifying formulation. In these studies, MND-2119 was administered to healthy adult males in single or multiple doses. In the single administration study, MND-2119 (0.5-4 g) was administered under fed and fasted conditions to evaluate MND-2119 pharmacokinetics and safety under these conditions. This study showed that C<sub>max</sub> and AUC<sub>0-72h</sub> of plasma EPA concentration after single administration were higher under fed conditions than under fasted conditions, for all doses. In the multiple administration study, subjects received either MND-2119 (0.5-4 g) immediately after breakfast or EPA-E (0.9 g) immediately after breakfast and dinner for 11 days to compare pharmacokinetics and safety of MND-2119 to EPA-E. In this study, the rate of rise in C<sub>min</sub> of the plasma EPA concentration with MND-2119 decreased from days 6 to 8 after administration and was thought to have reached a steady state on day 11. The mean C<sub>ss,max</sub> of MND-2119 administered as 1 g once daily, and the mean C<sub>ss,min</sub> and the mean AUC<sub>ss,0-24h</sub> of MND-2119 administered as 2 g once daily were higher than those of EPA-E administered as 0.9 g twice daily. No safety-related issues occurred in either study. These results suggest that MND-2119 administered once daily may achieve equivalent or higher plasma EPA concentrations compared to the nonself-emulsifying formulation administered twice daily.
Micro active guide wire catheter system-Characteristic evaluation, electrical model and operability evaluation of micro active catheter (2002)

We have proposed a new prototype model of micro catheter with active guide wire that has two bending degrees of freedom using ICPF (ionic conducting polymer film) actuator on its front end as the servo actuator. In this paper, the bending characteristics of the micro active catheter (MAC) have been measured by application of electricity in physiological saline solution. By using simulators (whose conditions are similar to those of a body cavity), we also carried out simulation experiments "in vitro" and the contrast experiments of operability between the proposed catheter and conventional guide wire catheter. The experimental results indicate that the proposed MAC is applicable to intracavity operations.
Allosteric modulation of glycine receptors (2011)

Inhibitory (or strychnine sensitive) glycine receptors (GlyRs) are anion-selective transmitter-gated ion channels of the cys-loop superfamily, which includes among others also the inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABA(A) receptors). While GABA mediates fast inhibitory neurotransmission throughout the CNS, the action of glycine as a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter is more restricted. This probably explains why GABA(A) receptors constitute a group of extremely successful drug targets in the treatment of a wide variety of CNS diseases, including anxiety, sleep disorders and epilepsy, while drugs specifically targeting GlyRs are virtually lacking. However, the spatially more restricted distribution of glycinergic inhibition may be advantageous in situations when a more localized enhancement of inhibition is sought. Inhibitory GlyRs are particularly relevant for the control of excitability in the mammalian spinal cord, brain stem and a few selected brain areas, such as the cerebellum and the retina. At these sites, GlyRs regulate important physiological functions, including respiratory rhythms, motor control, muscle tone and sensory as well as pain processing. In the hippocampus, RNA-edited high affinity extrasynaptic GlyRs may contribute to the pathology of temporal lobe epilepsy. Although specific modulators have not yet been identified, GlyRs still possess sites for allosteric modulation by a number of structurally diverse molecules, including alcohols, neurosteroids, cannabinoids, tropeines, general anaesthetics, certain neurotransmitters and cations. This review summarizes the present knowledge about this modulation and the molecular bases of the interactions involved.
SUPPRESSION OF DUX4 OR DUX4C EXPRESSION BY ANTISENSE STRATEGIES IN A THERAPEUTIC APPROACH FOR FSHD (2011)

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is genetically linked to deletions in 4q35 within an array of D4Z4 repeated elements in which we mapped the double homeobox?4 (DUX4) gene. We found stable DUX4 mRNAs only derived from the distal D4Z4 unit and unexpectedly extended to a polyadenylation signal within the flanking pLAM region. DUX4 encodes a transcription factor expressed in FSHD but not control primary myoblasts. DUX4 initiates a large transcription deregulation cascade leading a.o. to muscle atrophy and oxidative stress, which are FSHD key features. We also characterized the homologous DUX4c gene in 4q35 that is expressed in healthy myoblasts and induced in FSHD: its over-expression triggers myoblast proliferation. We show here that DUX4 expression in human myoblast cultures induces E3 ubiquitin ligases associated with muscle atrophy and the formation of atrophic myotubes. In contrast DUX4c induces ß-catenin stabilization and formation of disorganised myotubes with large clusters of myonuclei. Interestingly, FSHD primary myotubes present different proportions of these atrophic/disorganized phenotypes. We reasoned that inhibition of DUX4 or DUX4c expression should prevent the transcription deregulation cascade and restore the myotube phenotype. We either induced mRNA destruction by RNA interference (siRNAs) or affected splicing by specific antisense oligomers in human myoblast cultures. Decreased DUX4 or DUX4c protein was confirmed by immunodetection on western blots and the biomarker and myotube phenotypes changed as expected. These strategies could lead to therapeutic approaches for FSHD. We acknowledge funding from the AFM (France). CV and SC were FRIA graduate fellows, AT and EA post-doctoral FNRS associates (Belgium).
The boundary shift integral: an accurate and robust measure of cerebral volume changes from registered repeat MRI (1997)

We propose the boundary shift integral (BSI) as a measure of cerebral volume changes derived from registered repeat three-dimensional (3-D) magnetic resonance (MR) [3D MR] scans. The BSI determines the total volume through which the boundaries of a given cerebral structure have moved and, hence, the volume change, directly from voxel intensities. We found brain and ventricular BSI's correlated tightly (r = 1.000 and r = 0.999) with simulated volumes of change. Applied to 21 control scan pairs and 11 scan pairs from Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients (mean interval 386 days) the BSI yielded mean brain volume loss of 1.8 cc (controls) and 34.7 cc (AD); the control group was tightly bunched (SD = 3.8 cc) and there was wide group separation, the group means differing by 8.7 control group standard deviations (SD's). A measure based on the same segmentation used by the BSI yielded similar group means, but wide spread in the control group (SD = 13.4 cc) and group overlap, the group means differing by 2.8 control group SD's. The BSI yielded mean ventricular volume losses of 0.4 cc (controls) and 10.1 cc (AD). Good linear correlation (r = 0.997) was obtained between the ventricular BSI and the difference in their segmented volumes. We conclude the BSI is an accurate and robust measure of regional and global cerebral volume changes.
Full band 41 filter with high Wi-Fi rejection - design and manufacturing challenges (2015)

In this article we present a full band 41 filter using state-of-the-art BAW (bulk-acoustic wave) technology. Due to the unusually large bandwidth requirement (7.8% fractional bandwidth) low insertion loss in the passband cannot be maintained by typical design strategies used for narrower bands. We discuss how to cope with the challenges arising due to the filter's wide bandwidth and Wi-Fi coexistence requirement on the design side as well as on the manufacturing side. The steepness of the filter's lower edge plays a major role to fulfill the stringent rejection requirement in the Wi-Fi band, where the use of high-Q BAW technology is indispensable. Additional manufacturing challenges arise to achieve the accuracy needed and guarantee the filter selectivity as well as its low loss performance over the whole band 41.
Temperature dependence of elastic moduli of submicrocrystalline copper (2014)

The possibility of applying the two-component model of single-phase hybrid materials to the explanation of the anomalous temperature dependence of elastic moduli of copper with a submicrocrystalline structure has been discussed. An analysis has been performed based on new experimental data. A twin mechanism of changes in the crystallite orientation has been proposed. These changes cause the anomalous behavior of the elastic moduli of copper during deformation and subsequent heatings.
OBJECTIVE MEASURES OF SPACIOUSNESS AND ENVELOPMENT (1999)

This paper will discuss current knowledge of spaciousness and envelopment (assumed to be the same perception) with particular attention to measurement techniques that might be applicable to virtual audio systems. We find that all frequencies contribute to the perception of envelopment. At frequencies below 2000Hz envelopment arises from fluctuations in the Interaural Time Delay (ITD) and the Interaural Intensity Difference (IID) at the ears of the listener. Fluctuations that follow the ends of sounds by at least 160ms are the most effective. These fluctuations can be produced by decorrelated sound sources on opposite sides of the listener. The optimum angle for such sources varies with frequency. For frequencies below 700Hz sources should be at 90 degrees from the front. Above this frequency the optimum angle moves toward the medial plane. For broadband signals above 2000Hz, spectral cues characteristic of sound sources behind the listener increase the perceived envelopment. The optimum angle for broadband sound sources with most of their energy above 2000Hz is approximately 150 degrees from the front. We conclude that multiple sound sources (either real or virtual) are necessary for optimal envelopment, consisting of at least a pair of sources at 90 degrees from the front, and a pair at 150 degrees. The effectiveness of these sources will depend on the shape and reflectivity of the room. For measuring the envelopment delivered by the loudspeaker/room system, the Diffuse field Transfer Function (DTF) is recommended. INTRODUCTION
Spatial-temporal targeting of lung-specific mesenchyme by a Tbx4enhancer (2013)

Developmental lung mesenchymal cells can be specifically marked by Tbx4 lung enhancer activity. With our newly created Tbx4 lung enhancer-driven Tet-On inducible system, lung mesenchymal cells can be specifically and differentially targeted in vivo for the first time by controlling the doxycycline induction time window. This novel system provides a unique tool to study lung mesenchymal cell lineages and gene functions in lung mesenchymal development, injury repair, and regeneration in mice.
Clinicopathologic Correlation of Occult Choroidal Neovascularization in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (1992)

We report the clinicopathologic features of an eye with occult choroidal neovascularization associated with age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmoscopic findings at presentation included subretinal fluid and lipid. We noted angiographic staining of irregularly elevated areas of retinal pigment epithelium. In the late phase of the angiogram, fluorescein leakage at the level of the outer retina was observed that did not correspond to well-demarcated areas of hyperfluorescence in earlier phases. The patient was randomized to treatment in a pilot trial comparing the effects of grid laser treatment with the effects of no treatment for occult choroidal neovascularization. Three weeks after treatment, some of the subretinal fluid had cleared and vision improved. The patient died 6 weeks after laser treatment. Histopathologic study disclosed a subretinal pigment epithelial fibrovascular membrane. Neovascularization originated from the choroid.
[Fragile histidine triad expression in rhabdomyosarcoma]. (2004)

The reduced expression of FHIT may play an important role in the development and progression of rhabdomyosarcoma, and thus may become a new prognostic marker in RMS.
Sol‐Gel Inks for Direct‐Write Assembly of Functional Oxides (2007)

Sol-gel inks have been developed for direct-write assembly of functional oxide structures with sub-micron features. Highly uniform, planar and 3D micro-periodic structures (see figure) have been patterned that can be readily converted to titania upon calcination. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2007/c1372_s.html or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.