gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contribution of matrix vesicles and alkaline phosphatase to ectopic bone formation (2006)

Endochondral calcification involves the participation of matrix vesicles (MVs), but it remains unclear whether calcification ectopically induced by implants of demineralized bone matrix also proceeds via MVs. Ectopic bone formation was induced by implanting rat demineralized diaphyseal bone matrix into the dorsal subcutaneous tissue of Wistar rats and was examined histologically and biochemically. Budding of MVs from chondrocytes was observed to serve as nucleation sites for mineralization during induced ectopic osteogenesis, presenting a diameter with Gaussian distribution with a median of 306 +/- 103 nm. While the role of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) during mineralization involves hydrolysis of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), it is unclear how the microenvironment of MV may affect the ability of TNAP to hydrolyze the variety of substrates present at sites of mineralization. We show that the implants contain high levels of TNAP capable of hydrolyzing p-nitrophenylphosphate (pNPP), ATP and PPi. The catalytic properties of glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-anchored, polidocanol-solubilized and phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C-released TNAP were compared using pNPP, ATP and PPi as substrates. While the enzymatic efficiency (k cat/Km) remained comparable between polidocanol-solubilized and membrane-bound TNAP for all three substrates, the k cat/Km for the phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C-solubilized enzyme increased approximately 108-, 56-, and 556-fold for pNPP, ATP and PPi, respectively, compared to the membrane-bound enzyme. Our data are consistent with the involvement of MVs during ectopic calcification and also suggest that the location of TNAP on the membrane of MVs may play a role in determining substrate selectivity in this micro-compartment.
Effects of Feeding Protected Tallow to Dairy Cows in Early Lactation (1978)

Mixed diets containing 0 (control), 15 (medium fat), and 30% (high fat) of a protected tallow supplement (60% formylated soybean meal and 40% tallow) were fed to Holstein cows during the first 15 wk of lactation. Calculated energy densities of the diets were 1.85, 1.85, and 2.15 Meal net energy lactation/kg dry matter. Dry matter intakes were higher on control and medium fat than on the high fat diet, but energy intakes were similar for all three diets. Treatments did not affect milk yield, but both diets containing protected tallow increased yields of fat and fat-corrected milk and energy efficiency, and decreased yields of solids-not-fat. Synthesis of fatty acid in the mammary gland was depressed 40 to 50% by protected tallow feeding. Transfers of dietary fatty acids to milk fat were about 35 and 25% from the medium fat and high fat diets. Concentrations of glucose in plasma were not affected by treatment. Nonesterified fatty acids, triglyceride, and cholesterol were elevated by protected tallow feeding.
Valve injection for gas chromatographic analysis on small-bore open tubular columns (1996)

An injection valve with a small internal loop actuated by pneumatic switching was used for high-speed gas chromatography (GC). Small internal diameter (50 and 100 μm i.d.) open tubular columns were used for investigations of the injector performance. Several valve injection systems have been tested. The influence of the sample solvents, the injection temperature, the connection methods, and the time-split technique under GC conditions have been investigated. High resolution, fast separation speed, and reproducible GC analyses have been achieved. This study indicates that valve injection onto small internal diameter open tubular columns is a promising technique for high-speed and high-resolution GC analysis. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Activity of disulfiram (bis(diethylthiocarbamoyl)disulphide) and ditiocarb (diethyldithiocarbamate) against metronidazole-sensitive and - resistant Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus [In Process Citation] (1998)

Clinical resistance of Trichomonas vaginalis to metronidazole is best correlated with MIC values measured under aerobic conditions. Under these conditions both disulfiram (bis(diethylthiocarbamoyl)disulphide), and its first mammalian metabolite, ditiocarb (diethyldithiocarbamate), showed high levels of activity against metronidazole-sensitive (disulfiram MIC, 0.1-0.7 microM; ditiocarb MIC, 0.3-9 microM) and -resistant (MICs 0.2-1.3 microM and 1.2-9 microM respectively) isolates. Tritrichomonas foetus was also sensitive-the MICs for seven metronidazole-sensitive isolates were 0.1-1.0 microM for disulfiram and 1.0-6.9 microM for ditiocarb; those for two highly metronidazole-resistant strains were 0.3-1.3 microM and 0.6-6 microM respectively. Under anerobic conditions most strains became highly resistant to both compounds. Surprisingly, disulfiram was consistently more active than ditiocarb.
BET bromodomain inhibitors: a patent review (2013)

There is now compelling preclinical data demonstrating BET inhibition as a strategy to target processes known to be involved in disease development and progression with clinical trials of two bona fide BET inhibitors now underway. Patent activity in this area is increasing with initial activity focused on variations to reported BET inhibitors and more recent patents disclosing novel chemotypes as BET inhibitors.
Methacholine causes reflex bronchoconstriction (1999)

To determine whether methacholine causes vagally mediated reflex constriction of airway smooth muscle, we administered methacholine to sheep either via the bronchial artery or as an aerosol via tracheostomy into the lower airways. We then measured the contraction of an isolated, in situ segment of trachealis smooth muscle and determined the effect of vagotomy on the trachealis response. Administering methacholine to the subcarinal airways via the bronchial artery (0.5–10.0 μg/ml) caused dose-dependent bronchoconstriction and contraction of the tracheal segment. At the highest methacholine concentration delivered, trachealis smooth muscle tension increased an average of 186% over baseline. Aerosolized methacholine (5–7 breaths of 100 mg/ml) increased trachealis tension by 58% and airways resistance by 183%. As the bronchial circulation in the sheep does not supply the trachea, we postulated that the trachealis contraction was caused by a reflex response to methacholine in the lower airways. Bilateral vagotomy essentially eliminated the trachealis response and the airways resistance change after lower airways challenge (either via the bronchial artery or via aerosol) with methacholine. We conclude that 1) methacholine causes a substantial reflex contraction of airway smooth muscle and 2) the assumption may not be valid that a response to methacholine in humans or experimental animals represents solely the direct effect on smooth muscle.
XXXIV. On the transmission of light through an atmosphere containing small particles in suspension, and on the origin of the blue of the sky (1899)

(1899). XXXIV. On the transmission of light through an atmosphere containing small particles in suspension, and on the origin of the blue of the sky. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 47, No. 287, pp. 375-384.
Expression analysis of a subset of coregulators and three nuclear receptors in human colorectal carcinoma. (2006)

In human colorectal tissue samples, the gene expressions of 4 coactivators, p300, pCAF, TIF-2 and TRAP 220, and 7 corepressors, N-CoR, REA, MTA1, MTA1L1, HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC3, linked to estrogen receptors (ER), were revealed by traditional RT-PCR. Cofactors ERalpha, ERbeta and ERRalpha mRNA levels were then measured in 40 tumor tissue samples matched with respective normal mucosa by real-time PCR. The decline of mRNA levels of all coactivators and the increase of NCoR, HDAC1, HDAC2 and MTA1 were observed from normal to tumor tissue, whereas REA, HDAC3 and MTA1L1 expressions were similar in both tissue compartments. The gene expression of ERbeta correlated with those of p300, TIF-2 and REA in normal mucosa, and with that of REA in tumor tissue only. No association was found between ERalpha and coregulators and between each coregulator and different clinical parameters. Our findings suggest that the co-induction of ERbeta and some cofactors may play an important role during the development of human colorectal carcinoma.
Optimization in sample stacking for high-performance capillary electrophoresis (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOptimization in sample stacking for high-performance capillary electrophoresisDean S. Burgi and Ring Ling. ChienCite this: Anal. Chem. 1991, 63, 18, 2042–2047Publication Date (Print):September 15, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 September 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00018a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00018a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1391Altmetric-Citations514LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
In Aqua Structuralization of a Three-Dimensional Configuration Using Biomolecules (2007)

Ferritin nanoparticles ornamented with a Ti-binding peptide are versatile nanoscaled building blocks. Their specific binding ability is strong enough to position them on nanopatterned Ti regions on a Pt substrate. Furthermore, the peptides mineralization activity enables the formation of titania on the outer side of the particle, and the particle's inner nanospaces can serve as a carrier for inorganic nanodots. Making use of all these properties, here we show controlled in aqua fabrication of three-dimensional nanoscale structures. The X-Y positioning obeyed the specific binding of the peptide, while fabrication in the Z-dimension entailed stepwise formation of titania and ferritin layers by alternately applying the binding and mineralization abilities of the Ti-binding peptide. This method paves the way for in aqua fabrication of nanodevices having complicated structures and functions.
ESR Study and Radical Observation in Transition Metal-Mediated Polymerization: Unified View of Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Mechanism (2003)

Using an on-line electron spin resonance (ESR) technique, we studied the electron paramagnetic species of oxidized metal centers and carbon radicals in three representative catalyst/ligand systems of transition metal-mediated polymerization of methyl methacrylate. These systems were: (1) CuBr/Bpy, (2) RuCl2(PPh3)/Al(OiPr)3, and (3) CuBr/N-pentyl-2-pyridylmethanimine. Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate was used as crosslinker to trigger the diffusion-controlled radical deactivation so that the radical population was accumulated to an ESR detectable level. Methacrylate radicals were observed in all the systems. Their signal hyperfine structures were typical of nine line and were identical to those observed in conventional free radical polymerization processes. There were also peculiar signals observed at low dimethacrylate levels in (2) and (3). These paramagnetic species were present without the monomer addition. The nature of the propagating center type was analyzed. This work provided a unified view for the radical mechanisms of atom transfer radical polymerization.
1,1-Dicyano-2-[6-(dimethylamino)naphthalen-2-yl]propene (DDNP):  A Solvent Polarity and Viscosity Sensitive Fluorophore for Fluorescence Microscopy (1996)

1,1-Dicyano-2-[6-(dimethylamino)naphthalen-2-yl]propene (II, DDNP) has been synthesized as a fluorescent dye whose intramolecular rotational relaxation is solvent polarity and viscosity dependent. Its fluorescence emission (λ max: 470−610 nm in hydrophobic and viscous environments) is in a very favorable region for its use with visible fluorescence microscopy, without interference from cell or tissue autofluorescence. Its fluorescence emission quantum yield in an aqueous environment is very low, allowing for facile differentiation between lipid or protein bound state and aqueous media. II crystallizes into two solid isoforms containing one (red crystals) and two conformers (yellow crystals), exhibiting differing spectral properties. X-ray crystal structures reveal a planar arrangement between dimethylamino and naphthalenyl moieties, with out-of-plane arrangements between the malononitrile and naphthalene ring found in each of the three conformers.
Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Infection and Vaccination in Humans Induces Cross-Protective Antibodies that Target the Hemagglutinin Stem (2012)

Most monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) generated from humans infected or vaccinated with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pdmH1N1) influenza virus targeted the hemagglutinin (HA) stem. These anti-HA stem mAbs mostly used IGHV1-69 and bound readily to epitopes on the conventional seasonal influenza and pdmH1N1 vaccines. The anti-HA stem mAbs neutralized pdmH1N1, seasonal influenza H1N1 and avian H5N1 influenza viruses by inhibiting HA-mediated fusion of membranes and protected against and treated heterologous lethal infections in mice with H5N1 influenza virus. This demonstrated that therapeutic mAbs could be generated a few months after the new virus emerged. Human immunization with the pdmH1N1 vaccine induced circulating antibodies that when passively transferred, protected mice from lethal, heterologous H5N1 influenza infections. We observed that the dominant heterosubtypic antibody response against the HA stem correlated with the relative absence of memory B cells against the HA head of pdmH1N1, thus enabling the rare heterosubtypic memory B cells induced by seasonal influenza and specific for conserved sites on the HA stem to compete for T-cell help. These results support the notion that broadly protective antibodies against influenza would be induced by successive vaccination with conventional influenza vaccines based on subtypes of HA in viruses not circulating in humans.
Effects of Electrical Intravaginal Stimulation on Bladder Volume (1978)

Clinical observations have indicated that not only stress incontinence due to defective urethral closure but also urge incontinence due to bladder hyperactivity can be successfully treated by electrical stimulation of the pelvic floor. Clinical investigations revealed that intravaginal electrical stimulation caused bladder inhibition registered as a volume increase. This inhibition was most marked at a low stimulation frequency (10 Hz). Animal experiments indicated that the bladder inhibition was achieved by autonomic spinal reflex mechanisms activated by stimulation of pudendal afferents.
A wireless sensor network testbed supporting controlled in-building experiments (2005)

Automatic control and monitoring of the building environment is an important application of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). We have deployed a large scale WSN consists of 100 nodes and covers 50 rooms in an office building that in currently in-use. The highly realistic experimental setting is rather hostile to the kind of low energy, low cost RF communication WSN relies on. Since we want to experiment with different protocol implementations and evaluate the performance of the hardware and the software, there is a great need for in-network monitoring and debugging support. We argue that such support is best accomplished by a separate reliable wired infrastructure that performs the following duties: supervise the health status of the nodes, reset them if they are in dead-lock states, remotely program the nodes and carry out system diagnosis and performance analysis etc., all without disturbing the wireless data channel. In this paper, we present the physical setup of the testbed, the sensor node hardware and software architecture, the independent USB based infrastructure for debugging, monitoring, control and management, the graphical user interface, and the protocol implemented. 1.
Publisher's announcement (2000)

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. T-lymphocytes are important mediators in the pathogenesis of MS. Their activity is modulated by a complex network of cytokines, in which interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is considered essential. We investigated the presence of an IFN-gamma-activated Ca2+-influx in T-cells of MS patients and control subjects. The study group (n=63) consisted of patients with stable and active RR-MS and CP-MS. Stable and active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, flu patients and normal subjects (NS) were studied as controls. T-cells were isolated from PBMC by removing B cells and monocytes using anti-CD19 and anti-CD14 monoclonal antibodies and dynabeads. The depletion was confirmed by flow cytometry. T-cells loaded with the Ca2+-indicator FURA-2 AM were consecutively incubated in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (2 mM Ca2+), HBSS supplemented with 3 mM EGTA, HBSS + 1 pg/ml IFN-gamma +3 mM EGTA and finally in HBSS + 1 pg/ml IFN-gamma. We used fluorescence imaging microscopy to measure the intracellular [Ca2+]i. No [Ca2+] increase was observed in Ca2+-free medium. As T-cells were incubated in Ca2+-containing medium, we observed a Ca2+-influx peak within 3 min, which dropped to a specific [Ca2+]i-level depending on the patient's diagnosis. Peak values observed within three minutes after Ca2+-reintroduction were higher in patients than in NS. The peak size is probably controlled by CRAC-channels. Experiments with and without IFN-gamma stimulation show that IFN-gamma induces a sustained higher [Ca2+]i in RA and MS patients but not in NS and flu patients. We defined D-influx for each individual cell as the difference between the [Ca2+]i 6-10min after Ca2+-reintroduction and the initial [Ca2+]i. ANOVA for nested unbalanced three-factor design was applied on the D-influx dataset. The Ca2+-influx in T-cells of MS and RA patients was significantly higher than in NS. The majority of stable MS patients showed lower Ca2+-influxes compared to active MS patients. We showed that T-lymphocytes from (active) MS and RA patients are more susceptible to IFN-gamma-induced activation. Our data argue for an increased activation status of T-cells in autoimmune disorders like MS and RA.
The motion of long slender bodies in a viscous fluid Part 1. General theory (1970)

A solid long slender body is considered placed in a fluid undergoing a given undisturbed flow. Under conditions in which fluid inertia is negligible, the force per unit length on the body is obtained as an asymptotic expansion in terms of the ratio of the cross-sectional radius to body length. Specific examples are given for the resistance to translation of long slender bodies for cases in which the body centre-line is curved as well as for those for which the centre-line is straight.
Applied Linear Statistical Models (1997)

Applied Linear Statistical Models 5e is the long established leading authoritative text and reference on statistical modeling. The text includes brief introductory and review material, and then proceeds through regression and modeling for the first half, and through ANOVA and Experimental Design in the second half. All topics are presented in a precise and clear style supported with solved examples, numbered formulae, graphic illustrations, and Notes to provide depth and statistical accuracy and precision. The Fifth edition provides an increased use of computing and graphical analysis throughout, without sacrificing concepts or rigor. In general, the 5e uses larger data sets in examples and exercises, and where methods can be automated within software without loss of understanding, it is so done.
Frequent central nervous system failure after clinical benefit with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in Korean patients with nonsmall‐cell lung cancer (2010)

The CNS was frequently the initial failure site after clinical benefit with EGFR-TKIs in Korean NSCLC patients. Patients with isolated CNS failure showed durable extracranial control after cranial progression. A role for close surveillance of the CNS during EGFR-TKI treatment or prophylactic measures appears worthy of further study in these patients.
Direct Repression of FLIP Expression by c-myc Is a Major Determinant of TRAIL Sensitivity (2004)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the TNF-alpha family of death receptor ligands and holds great therapeutic potential as a tumor cell-specific cytotoxic agent. Using a panel of established tumor cell lines and normal cells, we found a significant difference between the number of TRAIL-sensitive cells expressing high levels of c-myc and TRAIL-resistant cells expressing low levels of c-myc (P < 0.05, n = 19). We also found a direct linear correlation between c-myc levels and TRAIL sensitivity in TRAIL-sensitive cell lines (r = 0.94, n = 6). Overexpression of c-myc or activation of a myc-estrogen receptor (ER) fusion sensitized TRAIL-resistant cells to TRAIL. Conversely, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of c-myc significantly reduced both c-myc expression and TRAIL-induced apoptosis. The gene encoding the inhibitor of caspase activation, FLICE inhibitory protein (FLIP), appears to be a direct target of c-myc-mediated transcriptional repression. Overexpression of c-myc or activation of myc-estrogen receptor (ER) decreased FLIP levels both in cell culture and in mouse models of c-myc-induced tumorigenesis, while knocking down c-myc using siRNA increased FLIP expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter analyses showed that c-myc binds and represses the human FLIP promoter. c-myc expression enhanced TRAIL-induced caspase 8 cleavage and FLIP cleavage at the death-inducing signaling complex. Combined siRNA-mediated knockdown of FLIP and c-myc resensitized cells to TRAIL. Therefore, c-myc down-regulation of FLIP expression provides a universal mechanism to explain the ability of c-myc to sensitize cells to death receptor stimuli. In addition, identification of c-myc as a major determinant of TRAIL sensitivity provides a potentially important screening tool for identification of TRAIL-sensitive tumors.