gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Furosemide inhibits 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in vitro and in vivo (1995)

11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta-OHSD) protects the non-selective renal mineralocorticoid receptor from the endogeneous glucocorticoid cortisol. Thus, drugs inhibiting 11 beta-OHSD might enhance urinary loss of potassium. In an attempt to find drugs inhibiting 11 beta-OHSD, 23 commonly used agents known to interfere with the potassium metabolism have been screened for inhibitory effect on 11 beta-OHSD. Furosemide appeared as the only inhibitor. Its inhibition constant (Ki) was 19.5 microM when kidney and 21.3 microM when liver microsomes were used as a source of 11 beta-OHSD. The type of inhibition was competitive. For confirmation that furosemide specifically inhibits 11 beta-OHSD, the complementary DNA (cDNA) of 11 beta-OHSD was transfected into COS-1 cells devoid of spontaneous expression of 11 beta-OHSD. In these cells, oxidation of corticosterone (Ki = 17.4 microM) and reduction of dehydrocorticosterone (Ki = 12.5 microM) was inhibited by furosemide. To establish whether this inhibition also occurs in vivo, the 11 beta-hydroxysteroid prednisolone was administered with and without furosemide to rats. The concentration ratio of prednisolone to its 11-ketometabolite prednisone increased in kidney and liver tissue after furosemide administration, indicating inhibition of 11 beta-OHSD. These data suggest that furosemide modulates in vivo the access of 11 beta-OH glucocorticoids to their target organs.
Universal M2 ectodomain-based influenza A vaccines: preclinical and clinical developments (2009)

Influenza vaccines used today are strain specific and need to be adapted every year to try and match the antigenicity of the virus strains that are predicted to cause the next epidemic. The strain specificity of the next pandemic is unpredictable. An attractive alternative approach would be to use a vaccine that matches multiple influenza virus strains, including multiple subtypes. In this review, we focus on the development and clinical potential of a vaccine that is based on the conserved ectodomain of matrix protein 2 (M2) of influenza A virus. Since 1999, a number of studies have demonstrated protection against influenza A virus challenge in animal models using chemical or genetic M2 external domain (M2e) fusion constructs. More recently, Phase I clinical studies have been conducted with M2e vaccine candidates, demonstrating their safety and immunogenicity in humans. Ultimately, and possibly in the near future, efficacy studies in humans should provide proof that this novel vaccine concept can mitigate epidemic and even pandemic influenza A virus infections.
IL-17A Blockade Attenuates Obliterative Bronchiolitis and IFN-γ Cellular Immune Response in Lung Allografts (2017)

Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB), characterized by fibrous obliteration of the small airways, is a major impediment to long-term survival in lung allograft recipients. We found previously that IL-17A is produced primarily by CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and γδ T cells after lung transplant in a mouse model of orthotopic lung transplant. The absence of either subset of T cells was compensated for by expansion of the other subset, which suggested that systemic blockade of IL-17A was necessary. To determine the specific role of IL-17A in the development of OB, we treated lung allograft recipients with an IL-17A antagonistic antibody. After IL-17A blockade, the incidence of OB was significantly reduced in lung allografts. IL-17A blockade also significantly attenuated the severity of acute rejection and overall lung fibrosis. The decreased OB incidence was associated with reduced lymphocyte recruitment, particularly CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and other IFN-γ-producing lymphocytes, to the lung allograft. Interestingly, IL-17A blockade led to an increase in the frequency of IL-17A-producing T-helper cell type 17 cells and γδ T cells in lung allografts, suggesting that IL-17A is a negative regulator of these T cells. Our data suggest that blocking IL-17A after lung transplant reduces the overall IFN-γ-mediated lymphocyte response and decreases the development of OB.
Dynamic MR venography: An intrinsic benefit of time‐resolved MR angiography (2006)

DCE-MRV is a minimally invasive technique for evaluating the venous side of the systemic vascular anatomy. Time-resolved MRA has the potential clinical benefit of enabling both arterial and venous disease to be detected in patients undergoing CE-MRA.
A three-dimensional model of the human airway tree (1999)

A three-dimensional (3D) model of the human airway tree is proposed using a deterministic algorithm that can generate a branching duct system in an organ. The algorithm is based on two principles: 1) the amount of fluid delivery through a branch is proportional to the volume of the region it supplies; and 2) the terminal branches are arranged homogeneously within the organ. These principles define the basic process of branching: generation of the dimensions and directionality of two daughter branches is governed by the properties of the parent branch and the region the parent supplies. The algorithm is composed of nine basic rules and four complementary rules. When the contour of an organ and the position of the trunk are specified, branches are successively generated by the algorithm. Applied to the human lung, the algorithm generates an airway tree that consists of approximately 54,000 branches. Its morphometric characteristics are in good agreement with those reported in the literature. The algorithm and the 3D airway model are useful for studying the structure-function relationship in the lung.
Shape determinations of ribosomal proteins in situ. (1983)

Ribosomes are heterogeneous for neutrons because RNA and proteins have different neutron-scattering-length densities. This heterogeneity is an obstacle to the shape determination of single ribosomal components within the ribosome. Therefore, we homogenized (matched) the neutron-scattering-length densities of RNA and proteins. 23S and 5S RNA from the large ribosomal subunit were isolated from cells grown in a medium containing 76% 2H2O. The total protein fraction of the large ribosomal subunit was isolated from cells grown in a medium containing 84% 2H2O. When these constituents were used for total reconstitution of 50S subunits, neutron scattering measurements of the reconstituted particles revealed excellent matching near 100% 2H2O. A three-step reconstitution procedure was developed that allowed the reconstitution of 50S subunits from deuterated RNA, deuterated total (i.e., unfractionated) proteins, and single protonated proteins. The reconstituted particles contain one protonated protein or two in a matched ribosomal matrix and were used for shape determination or distance measurement of mass centers of gravity, respectively. The signal/noise ratio is high enough to allow measurement in solutions containing nearly 100% 2H2O at concentrations of only 300-500 A260 nm units/ml. Our experiments have proved the feasibility of our biochemical strategy. The shape determinations of ribosomal proteins in situ gave radii of gyration for L1, L3, L4, and L23 of 26 +/- 2, 22 +/- 2, 20 +/- 2, and 13 +/- 2 A, respectively.
De novo fatty-acid synthesis and related pathways as molecular targets for cancer therapy (2009)

Enhanced lipid biosynthesis is a characteristic feature of cancer. Deregulated lipogenesis plays an important role in tumour cell survival. These observations suggest that enzymes in the lipid synthesis pathway would be rational therapeutic targets for cancer. To this end, we review the enzymes in de novo fatty-acid synthesis and related pathways.
New segment-coupling method for peptide synthesis in aqueous solution: application to synthesis of human [Gly17]-beta-endorphin. (1981)

The thiolcarboxyl peptide [17-thiolglycine]-beta-endorphin-(1-17) (I) was synthesized by the solid-phase method. Reaction of peptide I with citraconic anhydride gave citraconyl-[Lys(Cit9,GlyS17]-beta-endorphin-(1-17) (Ia). Peptide Ia was coupled to another synthetic peptide, [Lys(Cit)19,24,28,29]-beta-endorphin-(18-31), by reaction with silver nitrate--N-hydroxysuccinimide in water. All citraconyl groups were removed in aqueous acetic acid, and [Gly17]-beta-endorphin was isolated in 30-40% yield. The synthetic analog had 10% analgesic potency and 59% opiate--receptor binding activity when compared with human beta-endorphin.
Meaningful relationships: the regulation of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway by protein interactions (2000)

The Ras/Raf/MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase)/ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) pathway is at the heart of signalling networks that govern proliferation, differentiation and cell survival. Although the basic regulatory steps have been elucidated, many features of this pathway are only beginning to emerge. This review focuses on the role of protein-protein interactions in the regulation of this pathway, and how they contribute to co-ordinate activation steps, subcellular redistribution, substrate phosphorylation and cross-talk with other signalling pathways.
Tissue-engineered human living skin substitutes: development and clinical application (2000)

The skin acts as a barrier to exogenous substances, pathogens, and trauma. Skin defects caused by burns, venous ulcer, diabetic ulcer, or acute injury occasionally induce life-threatening situations. Tissue engineering provides an alternative for autologous or allogeneic tissue transplantation, which is required because of donor site limitations and the risks of transmitting infection. Currently, skin substitutes are made of only extracellular matrix, mainly cells, or combination of cells and matrices. New biotechnological approaches have led to the development of the skin equivalent, the closest match yet to native human skin in terms of histological and functional properties. This review article focuses upon the development of the in vitro and in vivo epidermis and dermis and their clinical applications.
Direct observations of the MOF (UiO-66) structure by transmission electron microscopy (2013)

As a demonstration of ab initio structure characterizations of nano metal organic framework (MOF) crystals by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and electron diffraction tomography methods, a Zr-MOF (UiO-66) structure was determined and further confirmed by Rietveld refinements of powder X-ray diffraction. HRTEM gave direct imaging of the channels.
Bismuth Telluride and Its Alloys as Materials for Thermoelectric Generation (2014)

Bismuth telluride and its alloys are widely used as materials for thermoelectric refrigeration. They are also the best materials for use in thermoelectric generators when the temperature of the heat source is moderate. The dimensionless figure of merit, <i>ZT</i>, usually rises with temperature, as long as there is only one type of charge carrier. Eventually, though, minority carrier conduction becomes significant and <i>ZT</i> decreases above a certain temperature. There is also the possibility of chemical decomposition due to the vaporization of tellurium. Here we discuss the likely temperature dependence of the thermoelectric parameters and the means by which the composition may be optimized for applications above room temperature. The results of these theoretical predictions are compared with the observed properties of bismuth telluride-based thermoelements at elevated temperatures. Compositional changes are suggested for materials that are destined for generator modules.
Reactive Oxygen and Nitric Oxide in Skeletal Muscle (1996)

Skeletal muscle produces oxygen radicals, nitric oxide, and a variety of redox-active derivatives that modulate muscle function under physiological conditions. In unfatigued muscle, reactive oxygen intermediates and nitric oxide exert opposing effects on excitation-contraction coupling. During strenuous exercise, oxidants accumulate in the tissue and accelerate the fatigue process.
Generation of active coagulation factor VIII from isolated subunits. (1988)

Factor VIII-light chain (FVIII-LC) and Factor VIII-heavy chain (FVIII-HC) were isolated separately from human plasma and were without coagulation activity. When FVIII-LC and FVIII-HC preparations were mixed, coagulation activity was generated in the presence of Mn2+, Ca2+, or Co2+. Mn2+ was most effective and with Ca2+ maximal activity was first obtained after 8 days. Bovine Factor X (FX) accelerated recombination and was able to increase the amount of FVIII:C generated up to 10-fold when FVIII-LC/HC were incubated with Ca2+ for 20 h. When recombination was performed in the presence of micromolar concentrations of sulfhydryl reagents, the total amount of FVIII:C generated was increased up to 4-fold and in excess of FVIII-HC it was possible to drive 70% of FVIII-LC into active complex. If FVIII-HC was prepared in the presence of a sulfhydryl reagent it was possible to drive 75% of FVIII-HC into active complex with FVIII-LC in excess. Me2+, which is necessary for recombination, catalyzes disulfide formation, and it is proposed that FVIII subunits have free sulfhydryl groups. The presence of sulfhydryl reagents during purification of FVIII-HC and during recombination retains the individual subunits in a conformation suitable for recombination.
Comprehensive synthetic route to eight diastereomeric Podophyllum lignans (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComprehensive synthetic route to eight diastereomeric Podophyllum lignansSteven P. Forsey, Dayananda Rajapaksa, Nicholas J. Taylor, and Russell RodrigoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 18, 4280–4290Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00279a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00279a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views731Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Construction of chimeric vaccinia viruses by molecular cloning and packaging. (1992)

Foreign DNA was inserted into unique restriction endonuclease cleavage sites (Sma I or Not I) of the 200,000-base-pair vaccinia virus genome by direct molecular cloning. The modified vaccinia virus DNA was packaged in fowlpox virus-infected avian cells, and chimeric vaccinia virus was isolated from mammalian cells not supporting the growth of the fowlpox helper virus. In contrast to the classical "in vivo" recombination technique, chimeric viruses with inserts in both possible orientations and families of chimeras with multiple inserts were obtained. The different genomic configurations of chimeric viruses provide a broader basis for screening of optimal viruses. In addition to packaging in avian cells, a second packaging procedure for vaccinia DNA, based on the abortive infection of mammalian cells with the fowlpox helper virus, was developed. This procedure permits simultaneous packaging and host-range selection for the packaged virus. The cloning/packaging procedure allows the direct insertion of foreign DNA without the need for plasmids having flanking regions homologous to viral nonessential regions and is independent of inefficient in vivo recombination events. By direct cloning and packaging, about 5-10% of the total vaccinia virus yield consisted of chimeras. The procedure is, therefore, a useful tool in molecular virology.
Plaque Excision in Management of Lower Extremity Peripheral Arterial Disease with the SilverHawk Atherectomy Catheter (2008)

Atherectomy, the removal of plaque from diseased vessels, is theoretically appealing with respect to various procedures used for revascularization of lower extremity vessels. Instead of damaging the native vessel by pushing aside plaque with a balloon or stent, the plaque is removed. Many atherectomy devices have been designed in attempts to achieve this goal. The SilverHawk device is the latest percutaneous device employing this treatment strategy. We discuss patient selection, technical considerations, and strategies for both above and below the knee revascularization, as well as pitfalls in each location based on our experience with over 200 patients.
Thrombocytopenia and Release of Activated von Willebrand Factor during EarlyPlasmodium falciparumMalaria (2007)

P. falciparum induces systemic acute endothelial cell activation and release of activated vWF immediately after the onset of blood-stage infection. The resulting platelet agglutination may result in early thrombocytopenia and may play a role in the pathogenesis of malaria.
The estrogen receptor CpG island is methylated in most hematopoietic neoplasms. (1996)

Estrogen appears to be a negative regulator of normal hematopoiesis. Chromosome 6q, which contains the estrogen receptor (ER) gene, is frequently altered in human hematopoietic neoplasms. The ER gene, which has growth and metastasis suppressor activity in many different cell types, is inactivated by promoter methylation in some ER-negative breast tumors and 100% of colorectal tumors. We now report that the promoter region of the ER gene is aberrantly methylated in 86% of human hematopoietic tumors, including 8 of 9 pediatric acute lymphocytic leukemia, 17 of 18 adult acute lymphocytic leukemia, 21 of 23 adult acute myelogenous leukemia, 3 of 6 chronic phase chronic myelogenous leukemia, 9 of 9 blast crisis chronic myelogenous leukemia and 5 of 8 lymphomas. This methylation event was also present in all nine leukemia cell lines examined, where it was associated with very low or absent ER expression. In addition, rat and mouse leukemia cell line also exhibited this change, indicating that ER CpG island methylation in leukemias is conserved among species. Our results suggest that ER CpG island methylation could be an important step in the genesis of human hematopoietic neoplasms and might be a useful molecular marker for monitoring the clinical status of these diseases.
Maintaining coherence in quantum computers (1995)

The effects of the inevitable coupling to external degrees of freedom of a quantum computer are examined. It is found that for quantum calculations (in which the maintenance of coherence over a large number of states is important), not only must the coupling be small, but the time taken in the quantum calculation must be less than the thermal time scale \ensuremath{\Elzxh}/${\mathit{k}}_{\mathit{B}}$T. For longer times the condition on the strength of the coupling to the external world becomes much more stringent.
Increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity: A possible indicator of renal damage (1991)

Increased levels of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (E.C.3.1.3.1.) were observed in 25 patients with various urological conditions involving the kidneys: malignancy, complicated nephrolithiasis, and surgical and percutaneous manipulations. Other possible sources for increased ALP level, mainly hepatic and osseous, were excluded by history, laboratory tests, and liver and bone imaging. Studies of isoenzymes of ALP did not show a distinctive pattern. ALP levels returned to the normal range by treating the underlying lesions involving the kidney: nephrectomy, complete removal of stones, or removal of nephrostomy. The increase in serum ALP activity may be derived from the injury to the brush border membrane of the renal tubular cells. Renal function impairment and contrast media induced nephrotoxicity may also be responsible for the increased serum ALP. Serum ALP may be a marker for involvement of the kidneys in pathological processes and an indicator of complete treatment. This clinical observation is worthy of further study.
Development of a Hybrid Process and System Model for the Assessment of Wellbore Leakage at a Geologic CO2 Sequestration Site (2008)

Sequestration of CO2 in geologic reservoirs is one of the promising technologies currently being explored to mitigate anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Large-scale deployment of geologic sequestration will require seals with a cumulative area amounting to hundreds of square kilometers per year and will require a large number of sequestration sites. We are developing a system-level model, CO2-PENS, that will predict the overall performance of sequestration systems while taking into account various processes associated with different parts of a sequestration operation, from the power plant to sequestration reservoirs to the accessible environment. The adaptability of CO2-PENS promotes application to a wide variety of sites, and its level of complexity can be increased as detailed site information becomes available. The model CO2-PENS utilizes a science-based-prediction approach by integrating information from process-level laboratory experiments, field experiments/observations, and process-level numerical modeling. The use of coupled process models in the system model of CO2-PENS provides insights into the emergent behavior of aggregate processes that could not be obtained by using individual process models. We illustrate the utility of the concept by incorporating geologic and wellbore data into a synthetic, depleted oil reservoir. In this sequestration scenario, we assess the fate of CO2 via wellbore release and resulting impacts of CO2 to a shallow aquifer and release to the atmosphere.
Calibration target reconstruction for 3-D vision inspection system of large-scale engineering objects (2010)

It is usually difficult to calibrate the 3-D vision inspection system that may be employed to measure the large-scale engineering objects. One of the challenges is how to in-situ build-up a large and precise calibration target. In this paper, we present a calibration target reconstruction strategy to solve such a problem. First, we choose one of the engineering objects to be inspected as a calibration target, on which we paste coded marks on the object surface. Next, we locate and decode marks to get homologous points. From multiple camera images, the fundamental matrix between adjacent images can be estimated, and then the essential matrix can be derived with priori known camera intrinsic parameters and decomposed to obtain camera extrinsic parameters. Finally, we are able to obtain the initial 3D coordinates with binocular stereo vision reconstruction, and then optimize them with the bundle adjustment by considering the lens distortions, leading to a high-precision calibration target. This reconstruction strategy has been applied to the inspection of an industrial project, from which the proposed method is successfully validated.