gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shape memory alloy clamping devices of a capsule for monitoring tasks in the gastrointestinal tract (2005)

This paper describes the development of an active clamping mechanism to be integrated into a swallowable pill for the diagnosis of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The clamping system allows us to stop the pill at desired sites of the GI tract for long monitoring purposes. After discussing the major&#13;\ntechnical constraints, the design of the core component, i.e. the gripper, based on FEA (finite element analysis), is illustrated as well as its fabrication process. Symmetric and asymmetric gripper designs are&#13;\ndescribed. The actuation is provided by shape memory alloys (SMA), and it is driven by a dedicated electrical interface. Then the working prototypes have been tested in vitro: for both kinds of grippers a pull-back force up to 0.6 N has been measured. A preliminary theoretical model for the gripper has been derived and compared to the experimental results.
CD146 and insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA‐binding protein 3 predict prognosis of asbestos‐induced rat mesothelioma (2013)

Malignant mesothelioma (MM), which is associated with asbestos exposure, is one of the most deadly tumors in humans. Early MM is concealed in the serosal cavities and lacks specific clinical symptoms. For better treatment, early detection and prognostic markers are necessary. Recently, CD146 and insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3 (IMP3) were reported as possible positive markers of MM to distinguish from reactive mesothelia in humans. However, their application on MM of different species and its impact on survival remain to be elucidated. To disclose the utility of these molecules as early detection and prognostic markers of MM, we injected chrysotile or crocidolite intraperitoneally to rats, thus obtaining 26 peritoneal MM and establishing 11 cell lines. We immunostained CD146 and IMP3 using paraffin-embedded tissues and cell blocks and found CD146 and IMP3 expression in 58% (15/26) and 65% (17/26) of MM, respectively, but not in reactive mesothelia. There was no significant difference in both immunostainings for overexpression among the three histological subtypes of MM and the expression of CD146 and IMP3 was proportionally associated. Furthermore, the overexpression of CD146 and/or IMP3 was proportionally correlated with shortened survival. These results suggest that CD146 and IMP3 are useful diagnostic and prognostic markers of MM.
Economic Consequences of Different Calving Intervals (1989)

Abstract The study sought to answer the questions: when is the optimal time of conception for a given type of cow? and what is the economic cost of deviations from this optimum? The general approach was to model the incomes and costs over two consecutive lactations for a cow with certain given characteristics, namely calving month, parity and production level. The effect on net return per year (NRPY) of changing the time of conception, from 60 to 220 days postpartum, for such a cow was then studied. For all combinations of characteristics early conception was the most profitable. The effect on NRPY of a delayed pregnancy by one day varied from 0.3 Sw. kr to 11.6 Sw. kr depending on calving month, stage of lactation, parity and production level. A change in the two former substantially affected the loss in NRPY per day of delayed pregnancy. An increase in the two latter gave a small but consistent increase in the loss per day of delayed pregnancy. The seasonal variation in milk price had a large impact on the relationship between NRPY and time of conception.
Acute Exacerbations and Respiratory Failure in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2008)

Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) describe the phenomenon of sudden worsening in airway function and respiratory symptoms in patients with COPD. These exacerbations can range from self-limited diseases to episodes of florid respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. The average patient with COPD experiences two such episodes annually, and they account for significant consumption of health care resources. Although bacterial infections are the most common causes of AECOPD, viral infections and environmental stresses are also implicated. AECOPD episodes can be triggered or complicated by other comorbidities, such as heart disease, other lung diseases (e.g., pulmonary emboli, aspiration, pneumothorax), or systemic processes. Pharmacologic management includes bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and antibiotics in most patients. Oxygen, physical therapy, mucolytics, and airway clearance devices may be useful in selected patients. In hypercapneic respiratory failure, noninvasive positive pressure ventilation may allow time for other therapies to work and thus avoid endotracheal intubation. If the patient requires invasive mechanical ventilation, the focus should be on avoiding ventilator-induced lung injury and minimizing intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure. These may require limiting ventilation and "permissive hypercapnia." Although mild episodes of AECOPD are generally reversible, more severe forms of respiratory failure are associated with a substantial mortality and a prolonged period of disability in survivors.
Cloning of a Coconut Endosperm cDNA Encoding a 1-Acyl-sn-Glycerol-3-Phosphate Acyltransferase That Accepts Medium-Chain-Length Substrates (1995)

Immature coconut (Cocos nucifera) endosperm contains a 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (LPAAT) activity that shows a preference for medium-chain-length fatty acyl-coenzyme A substrates (H.M. Davies, D.J. Hawkins, J.S. Nelsen [1995] Phytochemistry 39:989-996). Beginning with solubilized membrane preparations, we have used chromatographic separations to identify a polypeptide with an apparent molecular mass of 29 kD, whose presence in various column fractions correlates with the acyltransferase activity detected in those same fractions. Amino acid sequence data obtained from several peptides generated from this protein were used to isolate a full-length clone from a coconut endosperm cDNA library. Clone pCGN5503 contains a 1325-bp cDNA insert with an open reading frame encoding a 308-amino acid protein with a calculated molecular mass of 34.8 kD. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of pCGN5503 to sequences in the data banks revealed significant homology to other putative LPAAT sequences. Expression of the coconut cDNA in Escherichia coli conferred upon those cells a novel LPAAT activity whose substrate activity profile matched that of the coconut enzyme.
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in the Elderly. (1997)

The prevalence of LVH increases markedly with aging approaching one third of men and one half of women 70 years or older. Several determinants of LVH have been defined including systemic hypertension, obesity and several other hemodynamic and nonhemodynamic stimuli. The grave prognostic role of LVH has been well documented and the following potential sequelae of LVH have been identified: myocardial ischemia and infarction, ventricular arrhythmias, heart failure with a preserved or impaired left ventricular systolic function, cerebrovascular disease and cardiovascular mortality. The presence of comorbid conditions coupled with the high prevalence rate of LVH in the elderly population enhances the susceptibility of this population and underscores the urgent need to adopt strategies that help to prevent the development of LVH and explore the potential beneficial effects of reversing it.
Binding of G protein beta gamma-subunits to pleckstrin homology domains. (1994)

Ligand-induced activation of many receptors leads to dissociation of the alpha- and beta gamma-subunit complexes of heterotrimeric G proteins, both of which regulate a variety of effector molecules involved in cellular signaling processes. In one case, a cytosolic enzyme, the beta-adrenergic receptor kinase (beta ARK) binds to the dissociated, prenylated, membrane-anchored beta gamma-subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins (G beta gamma) and is thereby targeted to its membrane-bound receptor substrate. Quite recently, numerous proteins involved in cellular signal transduction have been shown to contain sequences homologous with a "domain" originally identified in the protein "pleckstrin" (pleckstrin homology domain; PH domain) and subsequently found in the G beta gamma interaction region of the beta ARK sequence. Here we demonstrate that glutathione S-transferase-fusion proteins, containing sequences encompassing the PH domain of nine proteins from this group, bind G beta gamma to varying extents. Binding of G beta gamma to these fusion proteins was documented either by a direct binding assay or by ability to block G beta gamma-mediated membrane translocation of beta ARK1. G beta gamma binding to these fusion proteins was inhibited by the alpha subunit of Go (Go alpha), indicating that the binding of G beta gamma to G alpha and the PH domain-containing fusion proteins is mutually exclusive. Studies with a series of truncated PH domains derived from the Ras-guanine-nucleotide-releasing factor indicate that the G beta gamma binding domain includes only the C-terminal portion of the PH domain and sequences just distal to this. Protein-protein interactions between G beta gamma and PH domain-containing proteins may play a significant role in cellular signaling analogous to that previously demonstrated for Src homology 2 and 3 domains.
Extracellular-Regulated Kinase Activation and Cas/Crk Coupling Regulate Cell Migration and Suppress Apoptosis during Invasion of the Extracellular Matrix (2000)

Regulation of cell migration/invasion is important for embryonic development, immune function, and angiogenesis. However, migratory cells must also coordinately activate survival mechanisms to invade the extracellular matrix and colonize foreign sites in the body. Although invasive cells activate protective programs to survive under diverse and sometimes hostile conditions, the molecular signals that regulate these processes are poorly understood. Evidence is provided that signals that induce cell invasion also promote cell survival by suppressing apoptosis of migratory cells. Extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) activation and molecular coupling of the adaptor proteins p130 Crk-associated substrate (CAS) and c-CrkII (Crk) represent two distinct pathways that induce cell invasion and protect cells from apoptosis in a three-dimensional collagen matrix. CAS/Crk-mediated cell invasion and survival requires activation of the small GTPase Rac, whereas ERK-induced cell invasion, but not survival requires myosin light chain kinase activation and myosin light chain phosphorylation. Uncoupling CAS from Crk or inhibition of ERK activity prevents migration and induces apoptosis of invasive cells. These findings provide molecular evidence that during invasion of the extracellular matrix, cells coordinately regulate migration and survival mechanisms through ERK activation and CAS/Crk coupling.
Numerical Recipes in FORTRAN - The Art of Scientific Computing - Third Edition (1992)

Keywords: methodes : numeriques ; programmation ; informatique Reference Record created on 2005-11-18, modified on 2016-08-08
A protocol for the determination of absorbed dose from high‐energy photon and electron beams (1983)

A protocol is given to provide radiological physicists with an accurate means of measuring radiation doses on phantoms. Plastics, as well as water, are considered as phantoms. A new quantity, the cavity‐gas calibration factor, is introduced.(AIP)
Progress of drug resistance mechanism in aggressive T cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (2011)

Aggressive T cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas are a group of highly malignant tumors characterized by rapid progress and short survival.This is especially true for patients who have a poor response to treatment because of their drug resistance.Hence,to clarify the mechanism of this resistance will have important guiding significance in reversing drug resistance and improving poor prognosis of aggressive T cell nonHodgkin's lymphomas.

Key words: 
Lymphoma, T-cell ;  Drug resistance, neoplasm
Prognostic Relevance of Treatment Response Measured by Flow Cytometric Residual Disease Detection in Older Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2013)

Early assessment of treatment response using flow cytometry provides powerful independent prognostic information in older adults with AML, lending support to the incorporation of MRD detection to refine risk stratification and inform clinical trial design in this challenging group of patients.
GDNF family ligands and receptors are differentially regulated after brain insults in the rat (1999)

Expression of mRNAs for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), neurturin (NTN) and their receptors was studied in adult rat brain using in situ hybridization after 40 kindling-evoked, rapidly recurring seizures or 10 min of global forebrain ischaemia. Following seizures, GDNF and NTN mRNAs were elevated in dentate granule cells, and c-Ret mRNA in hilar neurons and non-pyramidal cells in CA1 and CA3 regions. GFRalpha-1 mRNA levels showed more widespread increases in the dentate granule cell layer and hilus, CA1 and CA3 pyramidal layers, basolateral amygdala and parietal cortex. The expression of GFRalpha-2 mRNA increased in the piriform cortex and decreased in the CA1 region and basolateral amygdala. Forebrain ischaemia induced elevated expression of GDNF mRNA in dentate granule cells, GFRalpha-1 mRNA in the dentate granule cell layer, hilus and CA3 pyramidal layer, and GFRalpha-2 mRNA in the parietal cortex. The gene expression patterns observed here suggest that GDNF and NTN may act as target-derived factors, but also in an autocrine or paracrine manner. GFRalpha-1 can be coexpressed with GFRalpha-2 and c-Ret mRNAs in the same hippocampal or thalamic neurons, but other neurons contain GFRalpha-1 alone or together with c-Ret mRNA. The gene expression changes for the ligands, and the receptor components are region-, cell- and insult-specific, and occur independently of each other, mainly within 24 h after seizures or ischaemia. This dynamic regulation of GDNF and NTN circuits primarily at the receptor level may be important for the effectiveness of neuroprotective responses but could also trigger plastic changes, e.g. those underlying the development of epileptic syndromes.
Development of polymerase chain reaction assays for detection of Listeria monocytogenes in clinical cerebrospinal fluid samples (1992)

In order to improve the diagnosis of Listeria meningitis or meningoencephalitis, especially in patients who have received antibiotics before their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been examined, two assays for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were evaluated. After a standard PCR, the amplified DNA was detected either by a second round of PCR with internal primers followed by gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining (nested PCR) or by dot blot hybridization to an internal digoxigenin-labeled probe (PCR-dot blot). For PCR, two sets of primers within the invasion-associated protein gene (iap gene) were chosen. They allowed for the highly specific detection of all L. monocytogenes reference strains tested (serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, 3a, 3b, 3c, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, and 7). These primers did not detect amplification products from various other gram-positive or gram-negative bacterial DNAs or human DNA. The sensitivities of both assays were assessed on sterile CSF samples that were artificially seeded with serial dilutions of L. monocytogenes serotype 4b cells. By both methods the limit of detection was less than 10 cells in the initial reaction. Since the nested PCR is more prone to contamination because of manipulation of the amplified products, a standard PCR assay followed by dot blot hybridization was applied to 52 CSF samples in a retrospective study. Of 28 CSF samples which were sterile or positive for bacteria other than Listeria species, 24 were PCR negative. In contrast, from 17 patients with culture-proven Listeria meningitis, 14 of 17 initial CSF samples were PCR positive, as were 3 of 7 culture-negative followup CSF samples taken after patients received antibiotics. These results support the usefulness of this approach in the diagnosis of Listeria meningitis, in particular, when antibiotic administration precedes culture of CSF.
Content Representation in the Human Medial Temporal Lobe (2012)

Current theories of medial temporal lobe (MTL) function focus on event content as an important organizational principle that differentiates MTL subregions. Perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices may play content-specific roles in memory, whereas hippocampal processing is alternately hypothesized to be content specific or content general. Despite anatomical evidence for content-specific MTL pathways, empirical data for content-based MTL subregional dissociations are mixed. Here, we combined functional magnetic resonance imaging with multiple statistical approaches to characterize MTL subregional responses to different classes of novel event content (faces, scenes, spoken words, sounds, visual words). Univariate analyses revealed that responses to novel faces and scenes were distributed across the anterior-posterior axis of MTL cortex, with face responses distributed more anteriorly than scene responses. Moreover, multivariate pattern analyses of perirhinal and parahippocampal data revealed spatially organized representational codes for multiple content classes, including nonpreferred visual and auditory stimuli. In contrast, anterior hippocampal responses were content general, with less accurate overall pattern classification relative to MTL cortex. Finally, posterior hippocampal activation patterns consistently discriminated scenes more accurately than other forms of content. Collectively, our findings indicate differential contributions of MTL subregions to event representation via a distributed code along the anterior-posterior axis of MTL that depends on the nature of event content.
Conducting surveys in developing countries : practical problems and experience in Brazil, Malaysia, and the Philippines / practical problems in conducting surveys on living standard (1980)

The first of these three papers points out some of the practical problems of survey design and implementation, which may feed back either on the formulation of survey objectives themselves or on the strategy for fostering such surveys. Four sources of difficulty form the basis for discussion: (i) conceptual framework/reality discrepancies; (ii) difficulties in achieving a practical design that meets the objectives; (iii) problems in achieving faithful implementation of the design; and (iv) unable and/or unwilling respondents. The second paper discusses the Brazil 1974/75 National Household Expenditure Survey, which was intended to meet Brazil's social and economic planning needs of both government and private sectors. The questionnaire used is included in the document. The third essay presents recent experience in household surveys in Malaysia and the Philippines. These two countries have a fairly long history in the field and should, therefore, have a capacity in the area. An attempt is made to present certain lessons which may have a bearing on a future program of surveys.
Cdc25M2 activation of cyclin-dependent kinases by dephosphorylation of threonine-14 and tyrosine-15. (1993)

Recent evidence has suggested that human cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) is an essential regulator of cell cycle progression through S phase. CDK2 is known to complex with at least two distinct human cyclins, E and A. The kinase activity of these complexes peaks in G1 and S phase, respectively. The vertebrate CDC2/cyclin B1 complex is an essential regulator of the onset of mitosis and is inhibited by phosphorylation of CDC2 on Thr-14 and Tyr-15. In vitro, CDC2/cyclin B1 is activated by treatment with the members of the Cdc25 family of phosphatases. We found that, like CDC2, CDK2 is also phosphorylated on Thr-14 and Tyr-15 and that treatment of cyclin A or cyclin E immunoprecipitates with bacterially expressed Cdc25M2 (the mouse homolog of human CDC25B) increased the histone H1 kinase activity of these immune complexes 5- to 10-fold. Tryptic peptide mapping demonstrated that Cdc25M2 treatment of cyclin A or cyclin B1 immune complexes resulted in the specific dephosphorylation of Thr-14 and Tyr-15 on CDK2 or CDC2, respectively. Thus, we have confirmed that Cdc25 family members comprise a class of dual-specificity phosphatases. Furthermore, our data suggest that the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of CDKs on Thr-14 and Tyr-15 may regulate not only the G2/M transition but also other transitions in the cell cycle and that individual cdc25 family members may regulate distinct cell cycle checkpoints.
Effect of Atorvastatin and Fish Oil on Plasma High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Concentrations in Individuals with Visceral Obesity (2002)

Abstract Background: Chronic low-grade inflammation may contribute to the increased risk of atherosclerosis in visceral obesity. Statin and fish oil have been reported to have antiinflammatory effects. We studied whether dyslipidemic, obese individuals have increased plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations and whether treatment with atorvastatin and fish oil lowered plasma hs-CRP concentrations. Methods: We compared plasma hs-CRP, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations in 48 obese individuals with the concentrations in 10 lean normolipidemic men. The obese individuals were then randomized to treatment with atorvastatin (40 mg/day), fish oil (4 g/day), atorvastatin plus fish oil, or matching placebo for 6 weeks. Results: Compared with controls, obese individuals had increased hs-CRP [geometric mean, 2.19 mg/L (95% confidence interval, 2.15–3.15 mg/L) vs 0.49 mg/L (0.30– 0.93 mg/L); P &amp;lt;0.001] and IL-6 [351 pg/L (318–449 pg/L) vs 251 pg/L (211–305 pg/L); P &amp;lt;0.01]. Atorvastatin treatment had a significant main effect of decreasing plasma hs-CRP (−0.87 mg/L; 95% confidence interval, −0.10 to −1.60 mg/L; P &amp;lt;0.01) and IL-6 (−70 pg/L; 10 to −140 pg/L; P &amp;lt;0.01), but this was not seen with fish oil. The reductions in hs-CRP with atorvastatin were not significantly correlated to changes in plasma lipids, IL-6, insulin resistance, or cholesterogenesis. Plasma TNF-α concentrations in obese individuals, however, were neither statistically different from concentrations in the lean controls nor altered with atorvastatin or fish oil treatment. Conclusions: This study shows that visceral obesity is associated with increased plasma hs-CRP and IL-6 and, hence, a low-grade chronic inflammatory state and that treatment with atorvastatin or atorvastatin with fish oil, but not fish oil alone, reverses this abnormality.