gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the Windkessel Model as a Potential Candidate for Correcting Oscillometric Blood-Pressure Measurements (2011)

Developing a good model for oscillometric blood-pressure measurements is a hard task. This is mainly due to the fact that the systolic and diastolic pressures cannot be directly measured by noninvasive automatic oscillometric blood-pressure meters (NIBP) but need to be computed based on some kind of algorithm. This is in strong contrast with the classical Korotkoff method, where the diastolic and systolic blood pressures can be directly measured by a sphygmomanometer. Although an NIBP returns results similar to the Korotkoff method for patients with normal blood pressures, a big discrepancy exist between both methods for severe hyper- and hypotension. For these severe cases, a statistical model is needed to compensate or calibrate the oscillometric blood-pressure meters. Although different statistical models have been already studied, no immediate calibration method has been proposed. The reason is that the step from a model, describing the measurements, to a calibration, correcting the blood-pressure meters, is a rather large leap. In this paper, we study a “databased” Fourier series approach to model the oscillometric waveform and use the Windkessel model for the blood flow to correct the oscillometric blood-pressure meters. The method is validated on a measurement campaign consisting of healthy patients and patients suffering from either hyper- or hypotension.
Computer networking on cable TV plants (1992)

The limitations relative to the potential for creating cable TV system-based metropolitan area networks (MANs) are discussed. The topology and terminology of a cable TV system, the signals transmitted over the cable, and the problems of external noise on the system and noise created by the system are reviewed. A collection of services that can be provided on a cable TV-based network and problems associated with doing so are discussed. Solutions to the obstacles caused by attempting to graft a bidirectional network onto a unidirectional broadcast medium are presented. The ways in which the resulting MAN will relate to the IEEE 802.6 and the ISDN standard are outlined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Reduced Postprandial Concentrations of Intact Biologically Active Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 in Type 2 Diabetic Patients (2001)

Incretin hormones importantly enhance postprandial insulin secretion but are rapidly degraded to inactive metabolites by ubiquitous dipeptidyl peptidase IV. The concentrations of the intact biologically active hormones remain largely unknown. Using newly developed assays for intact glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), we measured plasma concentrations after a mixed breakfast meal (566 kcal) in 12 type 2 diabetic patients (age 57 years [range 49-67], BMI 31 kg/m2 [27-38], and HbA1c 9.2% [7.0-12.5]) and 12 matched healthy subjects. The patients had fasting hyperglycemia (10.7 mmol/l [8.0-14.8]) increasing to 14.6 mmol/l (11.5-21.5) 75 min after meal ingestion. Fasting levels of insulin and C-peptide were similar to those of the healthy subjects, but the postprandial responses were reduced and delayed. Fasting levels and meal responses were similar between patients and healthy subjects for total GIP (intact + metabolite) as well as intact GIP, except for a small decrease in the patients at 120 min; integrated areas for intact hormone (area under the curve [AUC]INT) averaged 52 +/- 4% (for patients) versus 56 +/- 3% (for control subjects) of total hormone AUC (AUC(TOT)). AUC(INT) for GLP-1 averaged 48 +/- 2% (for patients) versus 51 +/- 5% (for control subjects) of AUC(TOT). AUC(TOT) for GLP-1 as well as AUC(INT) tended to be reduced in the patients (P = 0.2 and 0.07, respectively); but the profile of the intact GLP-1 response was characterized by a small early rise (30-45 min) and a significantly reduced late phase (75-150 min) (P < 0.02). The measurement of intact incretin hormones revealed that total as well as intact GIP responses were minimally decreased in patients with type 2 diabetes, whereas the late intact GLP-1 response was strongly reduced, supporting the hypothesis that an impaired function of GLP-1 as a transmitter in the enteroinsular axis contributes to the inappropriate insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes.
Cancer treatment dosing regimens of zoledronic acid result in near-complete suppression of mandible intracortical bone remodeling in beagle dogs (2009)

Bisphosphonate doses used in cancer treatment are substantially higher than those used for osteoporosis. Little is known about the effects of these high doses on tissue-level remodeling suppression. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of cancer dosing regimens of zoledronic acid on tissue-level bone remodeling at different skeletal sites. Skeletally mature female beagle dogs were treated with monthly intravenous infusions of vehicle (VEH, saline) or zoledronic acid (ZOL, 0.067 mg/kg); an additional group of animals was treated daily with oral alendronate (ALN, 0.2 mg/kg/day). Doses of ZOL and ALN were, on a milligram per kilogram basis, consistent with those used for cancer and osteoporosis, respectively. Following either 3 or 6 months of treatment, animals were euthanized, and mandible, rib, and tibia were processed for dynamic bone histology. There was no evidence of oral lesions or bone matrix necrosis in the mandibles of any animals. After 3 months, the rate of intracortical bone remodeling in the mandible was significantly suppressed with ZOL (-95%) compared with VEH; by 6 months, ZOL had produced nearly complete suppression (-99%) compared with VEH. ZOL also significantly suppressed remodeling in the rib cortex at both 3 (-83%) and 6 (-85%) months compared with VEH; tibia cortex bone formation rate was nonsignificantly lower with ZOL treatment (-68% to -75%). Remodeling suppression in ZOL-treated animals was significantly greater than in ALN-treated animals at both the mandible and the rib; ALN and VEH were not different for any of the assessed parameters at any of the sites. Compared across skeletal sites, the absolute level of remodeling suppression with ZOL treatment was significantly greater at sites with higher remodeling, whereas the percent reduction was similar among the sites. These results document nearly complete intracortical remodeling suppression resulting from monthly intravenous zoledronic acid dosing, with changes being most dramatic at the mandible.
Inversion of wurtzite GaN(0001) by exposure to magnesium (1999)

Magnesium incorporation during the molecular-beam epitaxy growth of wurtzite GaN is found to invert the Ga-polar (0001) face to the N-polar face. The polarity is identified based on the two different sets of reconstructions seen on the film prior to and after about 1 monolayer Mg exposure. The inversion boundary is seen to lie on the (0001) plane from transmission electron microscopy images, and a structural model is presented for the inversion. On the Ga-polar face, Mg is also seen to stabilize growth in the N-rich regime.
Extra c-myc oncogene copies in high risk cutaneous malignant melanoma and melanoma metastases (2001)

Amplification and overexpression of the c-myc gene have been associated with neoplastic transformation in a plethora of malignant tumours. We applied interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a locus-specific probe for the c-myc gene (8q24) in combination with a corresponding chromosome 8 alpha-satellite probe to evaluate genetic alterations in 8 primary melanomas and 33 advanced melanomas and compared it to 12 melanocytic nevi, 7 safety margins and 2 cases of normal skin. Additionally, in metaphase spreads of 7 melanoma cell lines a whole chromosome 8 paint probe was used. We investigated the functionality of the c-myc gene by detecting c-myc RNA expression with RT-PCR and c-myc protein by immunohistochemistry. 4/8 primary melanomas and 11/33 melanoma metastases showed additional c-myc signals relative to the centromere of chromosome 8 copy number. None of the nevi, safety margins or normal skin samples demonstrated this gain. In 2/7 melanoma cell lines (C32 and WM 266-4) isochromosome 8q formation with a relative gain of c-myc copies and a loss of 8p was observed. The highest c-myc gene expression compared to GAPDH was found in melanoma metastases (17.5%). Nevi (6.6%) and primary melanomas (5.0%) expressed the c-myc gene on a lower level. 72.7% of the patients with c-myc extra copies had visceral melanoma metastases (UICC IV), patients without c-myc gain in 35.0% only. The collective with additional c-myc copies also expressed the gene on a significantly higher level. These results indicate that a c-myc gain in relation to the centromere 8 copy number might be associated with advanced cutaneous melanoma.
Characterization of Melatonin Receptors in the Rat Suprachiasmatic Nuclei: Modulation of Affinity with Cations and Guanine Nucleotides* (1990)

We have characterized melatonin (MT) receptors in the rat suprachiasmatic nuclei by using quantitative autoradiography in vitro at equilibrium conditions for a picomolar affinity site. Binding of the MT agonist 2-[125I]iodomelatonin (30 pM to 6 nM) was saturable, of high affinity (Kd, 52.8 pM), of high specificity, and to a single class of sites (binding capacity, 16.5 fmol/mg protein). However, by shortening the washing time for bound and free ligand, we were able to demonstrate an additional low affinity form of this receptor (Kd, 761 pM; binding capacity, 72.2 fmol/mg protein). Micromolar concentrations of guanine nucleotides and millimolar concentrations of monovalent cations (Na+ and Li+) dose-dependently and specifically inhibited agonist binding at 22 C. Saturation studies revealed that this was due to a decrease in receptor affinity in both cases. Ca+2 promoted high affinity agonist binding, as omission of this cation decreased the affinity of the suprachiasmatic MT receptor. These results suggest coupling of the rat suprachiasmatic MT receptors to guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein(s). Moreover, our data demonstrate specific modulation of the affinity of these receptors with cations.
19F NMR imaging of blood oxygenation in the brain (1988)

Perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsions have been developed as oxygen carrying blood substitutes. High fluorine concentrations allow them to be used in 19F NMR imaging of blood vessels. Furthermore, 19F relaxation times in PFCs are dependent on oxygen tension (pO2) so that NMR imaging may provide a noninvasive method of measuring spatially localized pO2 values in vivo. Using these principles, we have formed 19F images and calculated pO2 maps of the cat brain.
5-Hydroxypyrimidine deoxynucleoside triphosphates are more efficiently incorporated into DNA by exonuclease-free Klenow fragment than 8-oxopurine deoxynucleoside triphosphates (1994)

Recent studies with 8-oxodeoxyguanosine triphosphate (8-oxodGTP) have suggested that incorporation of oxidized nucleotides from the precursor pool into DNA may have deleterious effects. Here we show that 5-hydroxydeoxycytosine triphosphate (5-OHdCTP) and 5-hydroxydeoxyuridine triphosphate (5-OHdUTP) are more efficient substrates than 8-oxodGTP for Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I Klenow fragment lacking proofreading activity, while 8-oxodeoxyadenosine triphosphate (8-oxodGTP, 5-OHdCTP can mispair with dA in DNA but with lower efficiency. Since the 5-hydroxypyrimidines are present in normal and oxidized cellular DNA in amounts similar to the 8-oxopurines, these data suggest that enzymatic mechanisms might exist for removing them from the DNA precursor pools.
Inhibition of Proline Oxidation by Water Stress (1977)

The conversion of proline to glutamic acid and hence to other soluble compounds (proline oxidation) proceeds readily in turgid barley (Hordeum vulgare) leaves and is stimulated by higher concentrations of proline. This suggests that proline oxidation could function as a control mechanism for maintaining low cellular levels of proline in turgid tissue. In water-stressed tissue, however, proline oxidation is reduced to negligible rates. These results are consistent with the idea that proline accumulation results from inactivation by water stress of normal control mechanisms. It seems likely that inhibition of proline oxidation is necessary in maintaining the high levels of proline found in stressed barley leaves.
The world of biologics (2006)

In March 2002 the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) published guidelines for the use of anti-TNF therapy for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The guidelines recommended that all RA patients treated with these drugs should be enrolled on a national register which had been established by the British Society for Rheumatology (the BSRBR). A comparison cohort of RA patients treated with traditional disease modifying drugs (DMARDs) is also being recruited. The main role of the BSRBR is to study the long-term safety of biologic drugs. Up to the end of March 2005, 9508 patients with RA had been enrolled on the BSRBR. Four thousand, three-hundred and six had been treated with etanercept, 3561 with infliximab, 1500 with adalimumab and 141 with anakinra. With regards to anti-TNF drugs, 79% remained on their original drug at six months, 65% of whom could be classified as responders. Co-prescription with methotrexate was associated with a 70% response rate. Patients with a high baseline level of disability were less likely to respond. Overall the rates of serious infection were not increased in the anti-TNF versus the comparison cohort. However the rates of skin and soft tissue infection and of intracellular infections (eg, salmonella, listeria, legionella) were increased. There were 11 cases of tuberculosis (seven extra-pulmonary). There was concern about the high mortality rates among patients with baseline pulmonary fibrosis treated with anti-TNF therapy. It is unclear whether this is related to the drug or to the underlying disease. The rates of malignancy and mortality were not increased compared to the DMARD treated group in the short term. Further follow-up is needed to determine the long term safety of these drugs.
The antiangiogenic agent TNP-470 requires p53 and p21 CIP/WAF for endothelial cell growth arrest (2000)

Targeting the endothelial cell cycle as an antiangiogenic strategy has been difficult given the ubiquitous expression of critical cell cycle regulators. Here, we show that the antiangiogenic drug TNP-470 displays striking cell-type specificity insofar as it induces the expression of p21(CIP/WAF), a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, in endothelial cells but not in embryonic or adult fibroblasts. Moreover, primary endothelial cells isolated from p53(-/-) and p21(CIP/WAF-/-) mice are resistant to the cytostatic activity of TNP-470. We also demonstrate that p21(CIP/WAF-/-) mice are resistant to the antiangiogenic activity of TNP-470 in the basic fibroblast growth factor corneal micropocket angiogenesis assay. We conclude that TNP-470 induces p53 activation through a unique mechanism in endothelial cells leading to p21(CIP/WAF) expression and subsequent growth arrest.
Cognitive and affective changes after myelography: a comparison of metrizamide and iohexol (1986)

A battery of brief cognitive tests and a mood scale were administered to 42 patients before and after cervical myelography with either metrizamide (20 patients) or iohexol (22 patients). The patients receiving metrizamide experienced a deterioration in mood after myelography and a relatively greater decline in cognitive test performance than did those receiving iohexol. These two side effects tended to occur together in the metrizamide group, suggesting a common underlying cause; but there was no correlation between changes in mood and cognitive function after myelography with iohexol. These results suggest that metrizamide has a greater neurotoxic effect than iohexol.
Identification of lipids that accumulate during the routine storage of prestorage leukoreduced red blood cells and cause acute lung injury (2011)

We conclude that the nonpolar lipids that accumulate during LR-RBC storage may represent the agents responsible for antibody-negative TRALI.
The Synthesis of Polynucleotide-Celluloses and Their Use in the Fractionation of Polynucleotides (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of Polynucleotide-Celluloses and Their Use in the Fractionation of PolynucleotidesP. T. GilhamCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 22, 4982–4985Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1964https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01076a049Request reuse permissionsArticle Views299Altmetric-Citations163LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (563 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transformations of Ice II, Ice III, and Ice V at Atmospheric Pressure (1963)

The transformations that occur in ices II, III, and V at atmospheric pressure when they are heated from liquid-nitrogen temperature have been examined by simple thermal analysis and by x-ray diffraction. They transform first to cubic ice I (ice Ic). The rate of transformation of ices II and III depends upon the temperature, and that of ice II probably depends upon its thermal history. The temperature dependence of the rate for ice V, and the history dependence of the rate for ices III and V were not examined. Ice Ic has previously been made only in small quantities; it can now be made in as large quantities as required by transformation of the high-pressure ices. The transformation of ice Ic to ordinary hexagonal ice (ice Ih) has also been examined. The rate depends markedly on the thermal history of the sample and this may help to explain the apparently inconsistent rates that have been reported by various workers.
Central Nervous System Tumor Markers (1982)

Tumors of the human central nervous system (CNS) can be divided into two large groups: primary and metastatic. Although primary CNS tumors are less common than metastatic tumors, primary tumors are seen at a rate of about 10,000–15,000 per year or 0.5–2/100,000 population. This is a higher incidence than is seen in Hodgkin’s disease. Primary CNS tumors are also the most common solid tumors of childhood (Jellinger, 1978; Posner et al., 1979). Although a large number of systems for the classification of primary CNS neoplasia has been generated during the last century, primary intracranial tumors are now categorized using one of a small number of systems. The most common primary CNS tumors of adults are of glial origin, including astrocytomas, glioblastomas, oligodendrogliomas, and ependymomas. Other tumors are of questioned origin. Included here are medulloblastoma, a tumor of childhood, and hemangioblastoma, a tumor classically described as being of blood vessel origin; that concept is, however, now under scrutiny. Several types of meningiomas develop from the tissues covering the brain, the leptomeninges. The adenohypophysis is the source of four types of pituitary adenomas; some of these benign tumors secrete pituitary hormones. A discussion of CNS tumor morphology and classification is outside the limits of this review and if the reader wishes a comprehensive treatment if this subject, he is referred to Burger and Vogel (1976) and Russell and Rubinstein (1977).
Into the woods: visual surveillance of noncooperative and camouflaged targets in complex outdoor settings (2001)

Autonomous video surveillance and monitoring of human subjects in video has a rich history. Many deployed systems are able to reliably track human motion in indoor and controlled outdoor environments, e.g., parking lots and university campuses. A challenging domain of vital military importance is the surveillance of noncooperative and camouflaged targets within cluttered outdoor settings. These situations require both sensitivity and a very wide field of view and, therefore, are a natural application of omnidirectional video. Fundamentally, target finding is a change detection problem. Detection of camouflaged and adversarial targets implies the need for extreme sensitivity. Unfortunately, blind change detection in woods and fields may lead to a high fraction of false alarms, since natural scene motion and lighting changes produce highly dynamic scenes. Naturally, this desire for high sensitivity leads to a direct tradeoff between miss detections and false alarms. This paper discusses the current state of the art in video-based target detection, including an analysis of background adaptation techniques. The primary focus of the paper is the Lehigh Omnidirectional Tracking System (LOTS) and its components. This includes adaptive multibackground modeling, quasi-connected components (a novel approach to spatio-temporal grouping), background subtraction analyses, and an overall system evaluation.
Design and development of liposomes for colon targeted drug delivery (2013)

Higher accumulation of liposomal drug in inflammatory area and specific release of liposomes by enteric coated capsules provide better option for the treatment of colonic disease.
Amino Acid Comparison of Infectious Bursal Disease Viruses Placed in the Same or Different Molecular Groups by RT/PCR-RFLP (2001)

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) strains have been identified and placed into molecular groups by a reverse transcriptase (RT)/polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay. The predicted amino acid sequences corresponding to the region of the genome examined by RFLP were determined and compared for 14 IBDV strains from different molecular groups and 11 IBDV strains that were identified in molecular group 6. Among the viruses within molecular group 6, 13 amino acid positions had mutations, and among the viruses in different molecular groups, 27 amino acid positions had mutations. In addition to having more mutations, viruses compared from different molecular groups also had mutations at key positions that were previously reported to be important for the formation of neutralizing epitopes. Three of these IBDV strains with unique RFLP patterns were used to challenge 1-wk-old broiler chickens with maternal immunity to IBDV. One of these viruses, T1, broke through this maternal immunity as evidenced by detection of the virus by RT/PCR-RFLP and production of an active virus neutralizing antibody response to classic and variant IBDV strains. Unique amino acid mutations in the T1 virus that may have contributed to its ability to break through this maternal immunity were observed at amino acids 318 and 322. The results indicate that RFLP profiles and nucleotide sequences can be used to predict the relative similarities and differences among IBDV strains, but determining the actual antigenic differences among viruses requires testing in vivo.