gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Secretory Low-Molecular–Weight Phospholipases A2 and Their Specific Receptor in Bile Ducts of Patients With Intrahepatic Calculi: Factors of Chronic Proliferative Cholangitis (1999)

Intrahepatic calculi is characterized by an intractable course and frequent recurrences, requiring multiple operative interventions. Chronic proliferative cholangitis, an active and long-standing inflammation of the stone-containing bile ducts with the hyperplasia of epithelia and the proliferation of the duct-associated mucus glands, may underlie the complex nature of the disease. In terms of the pathophysiology, interest has been focused on the role of secretory low-molecular-weight phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s) as inflammatory mediators or factors modulating cell functions via their specific sPLA2-receptor, and also on the production and secretion of altered mucin molecules from the inflamed bile ducts. In search of factors involving chronic proliferative cholangitis, the sPLA2 isoforms in the bile such as the pancreatic-type sPLA2 (group IB sPLA2) and the arthritic-type sPLA2 (group IIA sPLA2), were assayed to correlate protein masses of the sPLA2s with alterations in biliary composition. Furthermore, the steady-state messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of the sPLA2s, the membrane-bound sPLA2-receptor, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), and mucin core polypeptide (MUC) genes in the bile ducts were assayed by reverse- transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Immunoreactive sPLA2-IB and sPLA2-IIA levels were significantly higher in the bile from the stone-containing hepatic ducts (2315 +/- 677 for sPLA2-IB; 281 +/- 42 for sPLA2-IIA ng/dL, mean +/- SEM; n = 20) than in the ductal bile from gallbladder stone patients (609 +/- 92, P <.01; 22 +/- 2, P <.01; n = 24). The increased sPLA2 levels were associated with a concomitant increase in lysophosphatidylcholine, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and total mucin concentrations. The affected bile ducts showed an increased mRNA level of sPLA2-IB and sPLA2-IIA compared with the ducts from control subjects, in whom the mRNAs of the sPLA2-receptor and other sPLA2 isoforms, such as groups V and X sPLA2s, were coincidently expressed. Reflecting the increased amounts of total biliary mucins, the affected ducts showed an increase in mRNA levels of CFTR as well as MUC2, MUC3, MUC5AC, MUC5B, and MUC6 compared with the ducts from control subjects. In intrahepatic calculi, an enhanced expression of the sPLA2s and their possible cross-talk via sPLA2-receptor may be of pathophysiological significance for the chronic proliferative cholangitis, in association with the enhanced CFTR expression and the alterations in mucin gene expression in the bile ducts, probably through potentiating arachidonate metabolism with associated biliary alterations favoring growth of preexisting stones and even further progressions.
Preventing unintended proteolysis in plant protein biofactories (2008)

Numerous reports have been published over the last decade assessing the potential of plants as useful hosts for the heterologous expression of clinically useful proteins. Significant progress has been made, in particular, in optimizing transgene transcription and translation in plants, and in elucidating the complex post-translational modifications of proteins typical of the plant cell machinery. In this article, we address the important issue of recombinant protein degradation in plant expression platforms, which directly impacts on the final yield, homogeneity and overall quality of the resulting protein product. Unlike several more stable and structurally less complex pharmaceuticals, recombinant proteins present a natural tendency to structural heterogeneity, resulting in part from the inherent instability of polypeptide chains expressed in heterologous environments. Proteolytic processing, notably, may dramatically alter the structural integrity and overall accumulation of recombinant proteins in plant expression systems, both in planta during expression and ex planta after extraction. In this article, we describe the current strategies proposed to minimize protein hydrolysis in plant protein factories, including organ-specific transgene expression, organelle-specific protein targeting, the grafting of stabilizing protein domains to labile proteins, protein secretion in natural fluids and the co-expression of companion protease inhibitors.
Formaldehyde fixation. (1985)

Free accessAbstractFirst published August 1985Formaldehyde fixation.C H Fox, F B Johnson, […], J Whiting, and P P Roller+1-1View all authors and affiliationsVolume 33, Issue 8https://doi.org/10.1177/33.8.3894502
Matrixed Surround Sound in an MPEG Digital World (1998)

Via such systems as the BBC’s NICAM and the German dual-carrier FM sound systems, listeners to television have been able to receive Dolby Stereo, a surround sound service common to cinema and home theatre audiences. Evidence exists to show that an increasing number of television listeners are now equipping themselves with the appropriate decoding equipment, e.g. a Pro-Logic decoder, to enable them to listen in surround sound. Thus any move by television companies to Digital Terrestrial (or non-terrestrial) Television broadcasting which uses bit-rate-reduction technologies, must consider the wishes of this section of their audience. This paper, written on behalf of the Audio Working Group of EU1187 PGII, considers the options for broadcasting Dolby Stereo via MPEG coding as an initial route to providing surround sound services. Although this paper, for convenience, is written specifically in the context of the Dolby Stereo system, much of what is stated is equally applicable to other two-channel based sound systems,
Cyclosporin A Treatment of Refractory Rheumatoid Arthritis (1987)

Ten patients with rheumatoid arthritis were entered into a 24-week pilot study of oral cyclosporin A at a starting dosage of 6 mg/kg/day, followed by a 12-week washout period. Significant improvement in clinical parameters was observed at 12 weeks and 24 weeks (P less than 0.02 versus baseline for joint pain and joint swelling indexes and patient and physician assessments; P less than 0.04 versus baseline in the numbers of painful/tender joints and swollen joints). Adverse reactions were varied: renal impairment occurred in all patients and hypertension occurred in 7. All patients demonstrated an increase in defined disease activity at cessation of treatment and through the washout period. Cyclosporin A is clinically effective in the treatment of patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis, but its value as an intervention therapy is limited by its toxicity.
Approaches to altering particle distributions in cryo-electron microscopy sample preparation (2018)

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) can now be used to determine high-resolution structural information on a diverse range of biological specimens. Recent advances have been driven primarily by developments in microscopes and detectors, and through advances in image-processing software. However, for many single-particle cryo-EM projects, major bottlenecks currently remain at the sample-preparation stage; obtaining cryo-EM grids of sufficient quality for high-resolution single-particle analysis can require the careful optimization of many variables. Common hurdles to overcome include problems associated with the sample itself (buffer components, labile complexes), sample distribution (obtaining the correct concentration, affinity for the support film), preferred orientation, and poor reproducibility of the grid-making process within and between batches. This review outlines a number of methodologies used within the electron-microscopy community to address these challenges, providing a range of approaches which may aid in obtaining optimal grids for high-resolution data collection.
[Combinatorial chemistry of nucleic acids: SELEX]. (2001)

A method of irrational oligonucleotide design, SELEX, is considered. Individual SELEX products, aptamers, are small molecules (40–100 nt) that have a unique three-dimensional structure, which provides for their specific and high-affinity binding to targets varying from low-molecular-weight ligands to proteins. Thus, the sophisticated biosynthesis of recognizing protein elements, antibodies, can be emulated in vitro via selection and synthesis of principally new recognizing elements based on nucleic acids.
Pandora multifrequency FMCW/SFCW radar (2002)

This paper pertains to the design aspects of a multifrequency FMCW/SFCW radar with emphasis on the engineering problems involved in its implementation. The paper mostly discusses the FMCW mode of operation. This system can also be used for generating SFCW signals. The implications in this mode are also examined. In the FMCW mode, this radar generates 8 separate FMCW signals which are then additively mixed and radiated. The target return also comprises returns at these frequencies. The signals are then split into their constituents and processed collectively to obtain an extremely high resolution synthetic image of the target. The ultimate objectives of the radar are multiple: to study waveforms of variable and flexible transmitted power spectra. To study ultra-wideband processing techniques, without the need to have an ultra-wide instantaneous bandwidth. To study coherent, non-coherent and mixed processing concepts. The radar itself belongs to the class of LPI radars in the FMCW mode. The high resolutions obtained by this technique are comparable to those that can be achieved by ultra-wideband radar. The additional advantage here is that this radar can be built using essentially "bought-out" items, i.e., it does not require any radically new technology. The paper discusses the problems involved in the implementation of this radar with special emphasis on the critical items, namely the design of the power combiner and the power resolver. A single tract of this radar was implemented. The paper also analyses the results achieved in the implementation of these critical units.
Identification of the NH2‐terminal blocking group of calcineurin B as myristic acid (1982)

The NH2-terminal blocking group of the Ca2+-binding B-subunit of calcineurin (protein phosphatase-2B) has been identified as myristic acid by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and gas chromatography. The sequence, myristyl-Gly-Asn-Glu-Ala-, is very similar to that of the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, the only other protein known to contain this fatty acid. This finding, and the elution of all myristyl peptides at 57% acetonitrile on reverse phase HPLC, may facilitate the identification of other proteins with this blocking group.
Diversity in Short β-Peptide 12-Helices:  High-Resolution Structural Analysis in Aqueous Solution of a Hexamer Containing Sulfonylated Pyrrolidine Residues (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTDiversity in Short β-Peptide 12-Helices: High-Resolution Structural Analysis in Aqueous Solution of a Hexamer Containing Sulfonylated Pyrrolidine ResiduesHee-Seung Lee, Faisal A. Syud, Xifang Wang, and Samuel H. GellmanView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 31, 7721–7722Publication Date (Web):July 11, 2001Publication History Received20 March 2001Published online11 July 2001Published inissue 1 August 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja010734rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja010734rrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views594Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Conformation,Crystal structure,Oligomers,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
A novel architecture for remote home automation e-services on an OSGi platform via high-speed internet connection ensuring QoS support by using RSVP technology (2003)

This paper discusses a novel architecture for remote home automation networks e-services on an OSGi platform via high speed Internet connections ensuring QoS support. These connections can be ADSL links, an emerging technology which provides the user of the local loop with broadband speeds. Since ADSL is a technology in the local loop, the presence of a signaling mechanism based on RSVP is necessary to maintain the high speed links through the network. So, a remote enduser who manages a home automation network can use an ADSL connection to assure the home automation e-services. Thus, guaranteed bandwidth as well as limited delay advances services can be achieved.
The Design and Evaluation of Heparin‐Binding Foldamers (2005)

Controlling blood loss: The synthesis of a series of arylamide oligomers 1, which interact with heparin is described. The heparin–small molecule interaction inhibits the heparin's ability to activate antithrombin. These arylamide oligomers are the first example of low-molecular-weight antagonists that inhibit the anticoagulant function of heparin.
A Role for Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV in Suppressing the Malignant Phenotype of Melanocytic Cells (1999)

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) is a cell surface peptidase expressed by normal melanocytes, epithelial cells, and other cells. Malignant cells, including melanomas and carcinomas, frequently lose or alter DPPIV cell surface expression. Loss of DPPIV expression occurs during melanoma progression at a stage where transformed melanocytes become independent of exogenous growth factors for survival. Tetracycline-inducible expression vectors were constructed to express DPPIV in human melanoma cells. Reexpressing DPPIV in melanoma cells at or below levels expressed by normal melanocytes induced a profound change in phenotype that was characteristic of normal melanocytes. DPPIV expression led to a loss of tumorigenicity, anchorage-independent growth, a reversal in a block in differentiation, and an acquired dependence on exogenous growth factors for cell survival. Suppression of tumorigenicity and reversal of a block in differentiation were dependent on serine protease activity, assessed using mutant DPPIV molecules containing serine-->alanine substitutions. Surprisingly, dependence on exogenous growth factors was not dependent on serine protease activity. Reexpression of either wild-type or mutant DPPIV rescued expression of a second putative cell surface serine peptidase, fibroblast activation protein alpha, which can form a heterodimer with DPPIV. This observation suggests that rescue of fibroblast activation protein alpha may play a role in regulating growth of melanocytic cells. These results support the view that downregulation of DPPIV is an important early event in the pathogenesis of melanoma.
Stabilization and rational design of serine protease AprM under highly alkaline and high-temperature conditions (1994)

Rational shift of the optimum pH toward alkalinity and enhancement of thermostability were investigated by using a thermostable extremely alkaline protease (optimum pH, 12 to 13) from the alkaliphilic and thermophilic Bacillus sp. strain B18'. The protease gene (aprM) was cloned, and the sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 361 amino acids that was composed of a putative signal sequence (24 amino acids), a prosequence (69 amino acids), and a mature enzyme (268 amino acids) (molecular weight, 27,664). The amino acid sequence of this protease was compared with those of other serine proteases. A direct correlation of higher optimum pH with an increase in the number of arginine residues was observed. An even more thermostable mutant enzyme was created by introducing a point mutation. When the position of the beta-turn, Thr-203, was replaced by Pro, the residual activity of this mutant enzyme at 80 degrees C for 30 min was higher than that of the wild-type enzyme (50% versus 10%). The specific activity of this mutant enzyme at 70 degrees C was 105% of that of the wild-type enzyme under nondenaturation condition. These data suggest that the higher content of Arg residues favors the alkalinity of the serine protease and that introduction of a Pro residue into the beta-turn structure stabilizes the enzyme.
Accumulation of protein O‐GlcNAc modification inhibits proteasomes in the brain and coincides with neuronal apoptosis in brain areas with high O‐GlcNAc metabolism (2004)

All tissues contain the enzymes that modify and remove O-GlcNAc dynamically from nucleocytoplasmic proteins. These enzymes have been shown to play a role in the control of transcription, vesicular trafficking and, more recently, proteasome function. Modification by O-GlcNAc of the 19S cap of the proteasome inhibits proteasomal function. Transcripts of both O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase are very abundant in the brain, with the highest concentrations in hippocampal neurons and Purkinje cells. When the on-rate of modification is favored over the off-rate by intraventricular administration of a drug, streptozocin, these areas of the brain display the most rapid accumulation of O-GlcNAc. Cerebral proteasome function is reduced and ubiquitin and p53 accumulate in these brain regions, with the subsequent activation of a p53-dependent transgene and the endogenous Mdm2 gene. Later, some hippocampal cells, but not Purkinje cells, undergo apoptosis. These observations suggest that the O-GlcNAc system may participate in neurodegeneration, particularly in the hippocampus.
Optimum grid-line patterns for concentrator solar cells under nonuniform illumination (1984)

An optimization procedure is presented for obtaining solar cell grid patterns which minimize the combined power losses from grid resistance, emitter-layer resistance, and grid shading. The approach is specifically tailored to describe concentrator cells by including the possibility of nonuniform illumination and in assuming that a low-loss buss bar encircles the cell. The model generated is quasi-one-dimensional, assuming that all relevant cell parameters, including the illumination profile, can be described as functions of a single dimensional variable. Other significant assumptions include independence of the three loss mechanisms, a uniform grid thickness which is limited by the smallest linewidth present, and a uniform emitter sheet resistance. The resulting expressions can be solved iteratively by computer, though for small cells under uniform illumination an approximate analytical solution is possible.
Characterization of determinants of genotypic and phenotypic resistance to enfuvirtide in baseline and on-treatment HIV-1 isolates (2004)

These data identify the importance of HIV-1 gp41 aa 36-45 in the emergence of resistance to ENF.
First-line chemoimmunotherapy in metastatic breast carcinoma: combination of paclitaxel and IMP321 (LAG-3Ig) enhances immune responses and antitumor activity (2010)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00349934.
Concordant DNA Methylation in Synchronous Colorectal Carcinomas (2009)

Epigenetic changes have been proposed as mediators of the field defect in colorectal carcinogenesis, which has implications for risk assessment and cancer prevention. As a test of this hypothesis, we evaluated the methylation status of eight genes (MINT1, 2, 31, MLH1, p16, p14, MGMT, and ESR1), as well as BRAF and KRAS mutations, in 57 multiple colorectal neoplasias (M-CRN) and compared these to 69 solitary colorectal cancers (S-CRC). There were no significant differences in methylation between M-CRNs and S-CRCs except for p14 and MGMT that was significantly higher in M-CRNs than S-CRCs (16.1% versus 9.3%; 26.5% versus 17.3%, respectively; P < 0.05). We found significant (P < 0.05) correlations for MINT1 (r = 0.8), p16 (r = 0.8), MLH1 (r = 0.9), and MGMT (r = 0.6) methylation between tumors pairs of the same site (proximal/proximal and distal/distal). KRAS showed no concordance in mutations. BRAF mutation showed concordance in proximal site pairs but was discordant in different site pairs. Histologically, eight of 10 paired cancers with similar locations were concordant for a cribriform glandular configuration. We conclude that synchronous colorectal tumors of the same site are highly concordant for methylation of multiple genes, BRAF mutations, and a cribriform glandular configuration, all consistent with a patient-specific predisposition to particular subtypes of colorectal cancers. Screening for and secondary prevention of colon cancer should take this fact into account.
Electron-transfer kinetics in organized thiol monolayers with attached pentaammine(pyridine)ruthenium redox centers (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron-transfer kinetics in organized thiol monolayers with attached pentaammine(pyridine)ruthenium redox centersHarry O. Finklea and Dwight D. HanshewCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 9, 3173–3181Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00035a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2223Altmetric-Citations570LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts