gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Caenorhabditis elegans mboa-7, a Member of the MBOAT Family, Is Required for Selective Incorporation of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids into Phosphatidylinositol (2007)

Phosphatidylinositol (PI) is a component of membrane phospholipids, and it functions both as a signaling molecule and as a compartment-specific localization signal in the form of polyphosphoinositides. Arachidonic acid (AA) is the predominant fatty acid in the sn-2 position of PI in mammals. LysoPI acyltransferase (LPIAT) is thought to catalyze formation of AA-containing PI; however, the gene that encodes this enzyme has not yet been identified. In this study, we established a screening system to identify genes required for use of exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in Caenorhabditis elegans. In C. elegans, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) instead of AA is the predominant fatty acid in PI. We showed that an uncharacterized gene, which we named mboa-7, is required for incorporation of PUFAs into PI. Incorporation of exogenous PUFA into PI of the living worms and LPIAT activity in the microsomes were greatly reduced in mboa-7 mutants. Furthermore, the membrane fractions of transgenic worms expressing recombinant MBOA-7 and its human homologue exhibited remarkably increased LPIAT activity. mboa-7 encodes a member of the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase family, suggesting that mboa-7 is LPIAT. Finally, mboa-7 mutants had significantly lower EPA levels in PI, and they exhibited larval arrest and egg-laying defects.
Erythritol catabolism by Brucella abortus (1975)

Cell extracts of Brucella abortus (British 19) catabolized erythritol through a series of phosphorylated intermediates to dihydroxyacetonephosphate and CO-2. Cell extracts required adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), Mg2+, inorganic orthophosphate, and reduced glutathione for activity. The first reaction in the pathway was the phosphorylation of mesoerythritol with an ATP-dependent kinase which formed d-erythritol 1-phosphate (d-erythro-tetritol 1-phosphate). d-Erythritol 1-phosphate was oxidized by an NAD-dependent dehydrogenase to d-erythrulose 1-phosphate (d-glycero-2-tetrulose 1-phosphate). B. abortus (US-19) was found to lack the succeeding enzyme in the pathway and was used to prepare substrate amounts of d-erythrulose 1-phosphate. d-Erythritol 1-phosphate dehydrogenase (d-erythro-tetritol 1-phosphage: NAD 2-oxidoreductase) is probably membrane bound. d-Erythrulose 1-phosphate was oxidized by an NAD-dependent dehydrogenase to 3-keto-l-erythrose 4-phosphate (l-glycero-3-tetrosulose 4-phosphate) which was further oxidized at C-1 by a membrane-bound dehydrogenase coupled to the electron transport system. Either oxygen or nitrate had to be present as a terminal electron acceptor for the oxidation of 3-keto-l-erythrose 4-phosphate to 3-keto-l-erythronate 4-phosphate (l-glycero-3-tetrulosonic acid 4-phosphate). The beta-keto acid was decarboxylated by a soluble decarboxylase to dihydroxyacetonephosphate and CO-2. Dihydroxyacetonephosphate was converted to pyruvic acid by the final enzymes of glycolysis. The apparent dependence on the electron transport system of erythritol catabolism appears to be unique in Brucella and may play an important role in coupling metabolism to active transport and generation of ATP.
Synthesis of Silver Nanoprisms in DMF (2002)

Polygonal (mainly triangular) silver nanoprisms were synthesized by boiling AgNO3 in N,N-dimethyl formamide, in the presence of poly(vinylpyrrolidone). Although during the synthesis, a mixture of nanoprisms and nanospheroids is formed, the latter can be removed through careful centrifugation. The UV−visible spectra of the nanoprisms display an intense in-plane dipolar plasmon resonance band, as well as weak bands for in-plane and out-of-plane quadrupolar resonances. The nanoprisms are also stable in other solvents, such as ethanol and water, and solvent exchange leads to strong shifts of the in-plane dipole plasmon band.
Metallodendrimers: Structural Diversity and Functional Behavior (1998)

This review of metallodendrimers has two main goals: first, to illustrate the various structure types of metallodendrimers, demonstrating their substantial structural diversity, and second, to highlight their applications, either potential or already coming into existence. Applications include metallodendrimers as nanoparticle equivalents, for sensing and imaging, for catalysis, and as molecular antennas or for producing controlled microenvironments. Their electrochemical behavior is also considered. The difficulty of representing the three-dimensional structure of metallodendrimers is touched upon.
Identification and characterization of the protein product of gene 67 in equine herpesvirus type 1 strain Ab4 (1995)

Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) strain Ab4 gene 67 has no counterpart in any herpesvirus sequenced to date. To identify and characterize the product of EHV-1 gene 67, we have expressed the putative amino acids 11 to 260 encoded by gene 67 as a beta-galactosidase fusion protein in Escherichia coli. The expressed fusion protein has been used to generate an antiserum raised against the gene 67 product. Immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation experiments have revealed that the anti-67 serum specifically recognizes a polypeptide with an M(r) of 36,000 (the 36K polypeptide) in infected cell extracts. The gene 67 protein is regulated as an early polypeptide in EHV-1 strain Ab4 infected cells and post-translational modification experiments have revealed that the protein is phosphorylated, but not glycosylated. The gene 67 protein has been transiently expressed in BHK-21/C13 cells using plasmid pCMV67, which contains the putative gene 67 ORF under the control of the cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter. Immunoblotting experiments with anti-67 have shown that the 36K protein is expressed at high levels in transfected cells. From both immunofluorescence and cellular fractionation experiments it is concluded that the gene 67 protein is associated with intracellular membranes and produces novel ribbon or filament-like structures within the cytoplasm of infected cells. We have demonstrated that the gene 67 product is a component of the virion nucleocapsid/tegument.
IQGAPs in cancer: A family of scaffold proteins underlying tumorigenesis (2009)

The IQGAP family comprises three proteins in humans. The best characterized is IQGAP1, which participates in protein-protein interactions and integrates diverse signaling pathways. IQGAP2 and IQGAP3 harbor all the domains identified in IQGAP1, but their biological roles are poorly defined. Proteins that bind IQGAP1 include Cdc42 and Rac1, E-cadherin, beta-catenin, calmodulin and components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, all of which are involved in cancer. Here, we summarize the biological functions of IQGAPs that may contribute to neoplasia. Additionally, we review published data which implicate IQGAPs in cancer and tumorigenesis. The cumulative evidence suggests IQGAP1 is an oncogene while IQGAP2 may be a tumor suppressor.
20 Gbit/s operation of a high-efficiency InGaAsP/InGaAsP MQW electroabsorption modulator with 1.2-V drive voltage (1993)

The authors have fabricated a ridge waveguide electroabsorption modulator based on the quantum-confined Stark effect in InGaAsP/InGaAsP multiple quantum wells. The drive voltage for 12-dB extinction ratio is 1.2 V, and the frequency response is flat within 2 dB from DC to 20 GHz. Operation at 20 Gb/s is reported. Extensive data concerning the parasitic phase modulation (chirping) are obtained as a function of applied bias acid operating wavelength.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mostly-Static Decentralized Information Flow Control (1999)

The growing use of mobile code in downloaded programs such as applets and servlets has increased interest in robust mechanisms for ensuring privacy and secrecy. Common security mechanisms such as sandboxing and access control are either too restrictive or too weak---they prevent applications from sharing data usefully, or allow private information to leak. For example, security mechanisms in Java prevent many useful applications while still permitting Trojan horse applets to leak private information. This thesis describes the decentralized label model, a new model of information flow control that protects private data while allowing applications to share data. Unlike previous approaches to privacy protection based on information flow, this label model is decentralized: it allows cooperative computation by mutually distrusting principals, without mediation by highly trusted agents. Cooperative computation is possible because individual principals can declassify their own data without infringing on other principals&amp;apos; privacy. The decentralized label model permits programs using it to be checked statically, which is important for the precise detection of information leaks. This thesis also
Clarifying the Role of Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes Management (2003)

In Brief The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has been increasing rapidly and with it has been resultant morbidity and mortality. Strict glycemic control reduces the progression of diabetic microvascular disease; however, most patients treated with sulfonylureas require additional insulin therapy. This article addresses common clinician concerns about prescribing insulin early in type 2 diabetes. It presents strategies for incorporating basal insulin therapy with glargine (Lantus) into a regimen that promotes compliance.
Stabilizing the Garnet Solid-Electrolyte/Polysulfide Interface in Li–S Batteries (2017)

Chemical and physical short circuits are the main challenges faced by lithium batteries which compromise battery performance and safety. At the cathode, solvation of active cathode materials and shuttling of unwanted chemical species in the liquid electrolyte result in “chemical short circuits”, which deteriorate the Li metal electrode and limit the deployment of new cathode materials, such as high voltage cathodes, sulfur, and air/O<sub>2</sub>. In Li–S batteries, the repeated shuttling of polysulfides between electrodes constantly corrodes the Li metal anode and the loss of active material will result in low Coulombic efficiency. At the anode, Li dendrite penetration through the separator causes internal electronic, or “physical”, short circuits. Finally, several strategies have been reported to prevent chemical and physical short circuits by using a cathode host, small sulfur molecules, modified separators, or electrolyte additives to alleviate sulfur materials diffusion and shuttling, and finding ways to delay, confine, or block Li dendrites to extend the cycling lifetime and avoid thermal runaway in lithium metal batteries.
4-Oxo-β-lactams (Azetidine-2,4-diones) Are Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Human Leukocyte Elastase (2009)

Human leukocyte elastase (HLE) is a serine protease stored in and secreted from neutrophils that plays a determinant role in the pathogenesis of several lung diseases. 4-Oxo-beta-lactams, previously reported as acylating agents of porcine pancreatic elastase, were found to be selective and potent inhibitors of HLE. Structure-activity relationship analysis showed that inhibitory activity is very sensitive to the nature of C-3 substituents, with small alkyl substituents such as a gem-diethyl group improving the inhibitory potency when compared to gem-methyl benzyl or ethyl benzyl counterparts. 4-Oxo-beta-lactams containing a heteroarylthiomethyl group on the para position of an N(1)-aryl moiety afforded highly potent and selective inhibition of HLE, even at a very low inhibitor to enzyme ratio, as shown by the k(on) value of 3.24 x 10(6) M(-1) s(-1) for 6f. The corresponding ortho isomers were 40- to 90-fold less potent.
Complement system on the attack in autoimmunity (2003)

The antiphospholipid syndrome is characterized clinically by fetal loss and thrombosis and serologically by the presence of autoantibodies to lipid-binding proteins. In a model of this procoagulant condition in which these antibodies are injected into pregnant mice, fetal loss was prevented by blocking of complement activation. Specifically, interaction of complement component 5a (C5a) with its receptor is necessary for thrombosis of placental vasculature (see the related article beginning on page 1644). Inhibition of complement activation may have a therapeutic role in this disease.
Expression of vesicular monoamine transporters, synaptosomal-associated protein 25 and syntaxin1: a signature of human small cell lung carcinoma. (2001)

Vesicular monoamine transporters (VMATs) are a prerequisite for the uptake of biogenic amines into intracellular storage organelles, whereas soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs; such as SNAP-25 and syntaxin1) are essential for exocytosis of biogenic amines by neurons and endocrine cells. In this study, we examined whether these proteins exist in high-grade malignant small cell lung carcinomas (SCLCs), large cell carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas of the lung. We analyzed two established human SCLC cell lines, one adenocarcinoma cell line, paraffin-embedded tumors (SCLC, n = 25; large cell carcinoma, n = 10; adenocarcinoma, n = 10; squamous cell carcinoma, n = 10), and snap-frozen SCLC samples (n = 2). Using immunocytochemistry, Western blotting, Northern blotting, RT-PCR, and sequencing, we identified VMAT1, VMAT2, SNAP-25, and syntaxin1 in cultured SCLC cells. Immunohistochemistry carried out on paraffin sections revealed that all SCLC tumors express VMAT1, VMAT2, SNAP-25, and syntaxin1. The presence of SNAP-25 and syntaxin1 in SCLC was confirmed by RT-PCR performed with material extracted from paraffin sections. Western blot analysis and RT-PCR carried out with snap-frozen SCLC tumors revealed the presence of SNAREs and VMATs. Immunohistochemistry showed that non-SCLC tumors were negative for SNAREs and VMATs, with the exception of immunostaining for SNAP-25 and syntaxin1 in 3 of 10 adenocarcinomas. Our findings indicate that SCLC cells are endowed with transporters necessary for intracellular storage of biogenic amines and with proteins required for exocytosis of secretory products. These proteins may be used as markers of differentiation of human lung tumors. Moreover, the presence of VMATs provides the basis for a diagnostic application of biogenic amine-derived tracers in positron emission tomography of SCLC tumors.
Zidovudine resistance predicted by direct detection of mutations in DNA from HIV-infected lymphocytes (1991)

Zidovudine-resistant strains of HIV have recently been isolated from individuals during prolonged treatment. Analysis of the HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) gene from clinical isolates revealed that resistance was due to multiple nucleotide changes conferring specific amino acid substitutions in this enzyme. In order to correlate the degree of resistance with these amino acid changes, we constructed a series of infectious HIV variants with specific combinations of mutations in the RT gene and assessed their sensitivity to zidovudine. The reproducible nature of the mutations seen in clinical isolates has enabled the polymerase chain reaction to be used to identify lesions associated with resistance. This procedure was validated by analysis of sensitive and resistant clinical isolates with RT genes of known DNA sequence. Using a 'double' amplification procedure, zidovudine sensitivity was assessed by direct detection of specific mutations in DNA from peripheral-blood lymphocyte samples. This should make it possible to test large numbers of individuals receiving zidovudine therapy, with the aim of establishing the clinical significance of the resistant isolates.
Efficacy of Selected Electrical Therapies on Chronic Low Back Pain: A Comparative Clinical Pilot Study (2017)

BACKGROUND In the currently available research publications on electrical therapy of low back pain, generally no control groups or detailed randomization were used, and such studies were often conducted with relatively small groups of patients, based solely on subjective questionnaires and pain assessment scales (lacking measurement methods to objectify the therapeutic progress). The available literature also lacks a comprehensive and large-scale clinical study. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of treating low back pain using selected electrotherapy methods. The study assesses the influence of individual electrotherapeutic treatments on reduction of pain, improvement of the range of movement in lower section of the spine, and improvement of motor functions and mobility. MATERIAL AND METHODS The 127 patients qualified for the therapy (ultimately, 123 patients completed the study) and assigned to 6 comparison groups: A - conventional TENS, B - acupuncture-like TENS, C - high-voltage electrical stimulation, D - interferential current stimulation, E - diadynamic current, and F - control group. RESULTS The research showed that using electrical stimulation with interferential current penetrating deeper into the tissues results in a significant and more efficient elimination of pain, and an improvement of functional ability of patients suffering from low back pain on the basis of an analysis of both subjective and objective parameters. The TENS currents and high voltage were helpful, but not as effective. The use of diadynamic currents appears to be useless. CONCLUSIONS Selected electrical therapies (interferential current, TENS, and high voltage) appear to be effective in treating chronic low back pain.
Estimation of segmental muscle volume by bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (2004)

This study validated bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) with Cole-Cole modeled measurements of calf and arm segmental water volume and volume changes during 72 h of simulated microgravity and caloric restriction by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) muscle volume as a criterion method. MRI and BIS measurements of calf and upper arm segments were made in 18 healthy men and women [age, 29 +/- 8 (SD) yr; height, 171 +/- 11 cm; mass, 71 +/- 16 kg] before and after the intervention. Muscle volume of arm and leg segments by MRI was on average 15 +/- 10 and 14 +/- 8% lower, respectively, than the estimated total water volume by BIS (P < 0.01), but their correlations were excellent (r = 0.96 and r = 0.93, respectively). MRI- vs. BIS-predicted volume changes were a decrease of 49 +/- 68 vs. 41 +/- 62 ml in the calf and a decrease of 18 +/- 23 vs. 11 +/- 24 ml in the arm, respectively (P > 0.05 for both). BIS detected the extracellular water shifts in the calf resulting from the head-down tilt treatment, but the underfeeding protocol was not of sufficient duration or intensity to produce limb intracellular water changes detectable by BIS. BIS was highly correlated with segmental muscle volume and tracked changes associated with head-down tilt. Further research, however, is needed to determine whether BIS can accurately access separate changes in intracellular and extracellular volume.
An Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry (2023)

<italic>An Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry</italic> delves into all aspects of this multidisciplinary field. Firstly, the text introduces and presents an overview. Chapters then look at drug targets, their structure, and their function. They examine proteins, enzymes, receptors, and nucleic acids. The next group of chapters is about pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Then the text turns to look at drug discovery, design, and development. It presents case studies. After this, the chapters look at tools and included is an examination of computers used in medicinal chemistry. Finally, the text presents a number of topics in medicinal chemistry such as antibacterial agents, antiviral agents, anticancer agents, opioid analgesics, and antiulcer agents.
Zirconium Phosphonate-Modified Porous Silicon for Highly Specific Capture of Phosphopeptides and MALDI-TOF MS Analysis (2006)

Phosphorylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications of proteins, which modulates a wide range of biological functions and activity of proteins. The analysis of phosphopeptides is still one of the most challenging tasks in proteomics research by mass spectrometry. In this study, a novel phosphopeptide enrichment approach based on the strong interaction of zirconium phosphonate (ZrP) modified surface with phosphopeptides has been developed. ZrP modified porous silicon (ZrP-pSi) wafer was prepared to specifically capture the phosphopeptides from complex peptide mixtures, and then the captured phosphopeptides were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS by directly placing the wafer on a MALDI target. The phosphopeptide enrichment and MALDI analysis were both performed on the ZrP-pSi wafer which significantly reduced the sample loss and simplified the analytical procedures. The prepared ZrP-pSi wafer has been successfully applied for the enrichment of phosphopeptides from the tryptic digest of standard phosphoproteins beta-casein and alpha-casein. The excellent selectivity of this approach was demonstrated by analyzing phosphopeptides in the digest mixture of beta-casein and bovine serum albumin with molar ratio of 1:100. High detection sensitivity has been achieved for the analysis of the phosphopeptides from tryptic digestion of 2 fmol beta-casein on the ZrP-pSi surface.
Bacteroides massiliensis sp. nov., isolated from blood culture of a newborn (2005)

Gram-negative anaerobic rods were isolated from blood culture of a healthy baby born at term. Based on phylogenetic analysis and specific phenotypic characteristics, this strain was included within the Bacteroides cluster. The novel bile-resistant anaerobic species was designated Bacteroides massiliensis and it has 92.8 % 16S rRNA similarity to Bacteroides vulgatus and a DNA G + C content of 49 mol%. The major cellular fatty acid is anteiso-branched C(15 : 0). The type strain of B. massiliensis sp. nov. is B84634(T) (=CIP 107942(T) = CCUG 48901(T)).
Molecular Weight Dependency on the Production of the TNF Stimulated by Fractions of rye (13),(14)-beta- d-Glucan (2000)

Mixed-linkage (1-->3),(1-->4)-beta-D-glucan with a weight average molecular weight varying between 79,800 and 13,900 was purified from rye. These fractions were used for stimulation of human monocytes to produce tumour necrosis factor (TNF). A mixed-linkage beta-glucan with a weight average molecular weight of 18,900 was found to be the most potent immunostimulator.
Low E2F1 transcript levels are a strong determinant of favorable breast cancer outcome (2007)

Assessment of E2F1 at the mRNA level in primary breast cancer is a strong determinant of breast cancer patient outcome. E2F1 expression identified patients at low risk of metastasis irrespective of the estrogen receptor and ERBB2 status, and demonstrated similar prognostic performance to different gene expression-based predictors.