gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of an immunoglobulin heavy chain gene transfected into lymphocytes. (1984)

We determined that mouse lymphoid cell lines can be transfected at high efficiencies (10-70%) by a polyoma virus shuttle vector. With this vector, we obtained expression of a cloned mouse alpha heavy chain gene transfected into cell lines representative of all stages in B-lymphocyte development, a T-cell lymphoma line, and 3T3 fibroblasts. Heavy chain gene expression in transfected light chain-producing myeloma cells occurred at levels comparable to those in IgA-secreting myeloma cells. Heavy chains produced in transfected myeloma cells were associated with light chains in membrane-bound IgA. While T-lymphoma cells and fibroblasts were transfected at similar efficiencies to B cells, significantly lower levels of alpha heavy chains were produced. This immunoglobulin gene transfection system provides a powerful approach for defining important regulatory regions in immunoglobulin genes and for identifying lymphoid cell factors involved in immunoglobulin gene expression in B-lymphocyte development.
Natural underwater adhesives (2011)

The general topic of this review is protein-based underwater adhesives produced by aquatic organisms. The focus is on mechanisms of interfacial adhesion to native surfaces and controlled underwater solidification of natural water-borne adhesives. Four genera that exemplify the broad range of function, general mechanistic features, and unique adaptations are discussed in detail: blue mussels, acorn barnacles, sandcastle worms, and freshwater caddisfly larva. Aquatic surfaces in nature are charged and in equilibrium with their environment, populated by an electrical double layer of ions as well as adsorbed natural polyelectrolytes and microbial biofilms. Surface adsorption of underwater bioadhesives likely occurs by exchange of surface bound ligands by amino acid sidechains, driven primarily by relative affinities and effective concentrations of polymeric functional groups. Most aquatic organisms exploit modified amino acid sidechains, in particular phosphorylated serines and hydroxylated tyrosines (dopa), with high-surface affinity that form coordinative surface complexes. After delivery to the surfaces as a fluid, permanent natural adhesives solidify to bear sustained loads. Mussel plaques are assembled in a manner superficially reminiscent of in vitro layer-by-layer strategies, with sequentially delivered layers associated through Fe(dopa)(3) coordination bonds. The adhesives of sandcastle worms, caddisfly larva, and barnacles may be delivered in a form somewhat similar to in vitro complex coacervation. Marine adhesives are secreted, or excreted, into seawater that has a significantly higher pH and ionic strength than the internal environment. Empirical evidence suggests these environment triggers could provide minimalistic, fail-safe timing mechanisms to prevent premature solidification (insolubilization) of the glue within the secretory system, yet allow rapid solidification after secretion. Underwater bioadhesives are further strengthened by secondary covalent curing.
Live wide-area migration of virtual machines including local persistent state (2007)

So far virtual machine (VM) migration has focused on transferring the run-time memory state of the VMs in local area networks (LAN). However, for wide-area network (WAN) migration it is crucial to not just transfer the VMs image but also transfer its local persistent state (its file system) and its on-going network connections. In this paper we address both: by combining a block-level solution with pre-copying and write throttling we show that we can transfer an entire running web server, including its local persistent state, with minimal disruption --- three seconds in the LAN and 68 seconds in the WAN); by combining dynDNS with tunneling, existing connections can continue transparently while new ones are redirected to the new network location. Thus we show experimentally that by combining well-known techniques in a novel manner we can provide system support for migrating virtual execution environments in the wide area.
Serum from Patients Undergoing Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Protects Cultured Human Intestinal Cells from Hypoxia-Induced Damage: Involvement of Matrixmetalloproteinase-2 and -9 (2011)

Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) can be induced by transient occlusion of blood flow to a limb with a blood pressure cuff and exerts multiorgan protection from ischemia/reperfusion injury. Ischemia/reperfusion injury in the intestinal tract leads to intestinal barrier dysfunction and can result in multiple organ failure. Here we used an intestinal cell line (CaCo-2) to evaluate the effects of RIPC-conditioned patient sera on hypoxia-induced cell damage in vitro and to identify serum factors that mediate RIPC effects. Patient sera (n = 10) derived before RIPC (T0), directly after RIPC (T1) and 1 h after RIPC (T2) were added to the culture medium at the onset of hypoxia until 48 h after hypoxia. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays, caspase-3/7 assays, silver staining, gelatin zymography and Western blotting were performed. Hypoxia led to morphological signs of cell damage and increased the release of LDH in cultures containing sera T0 (P < 0.01) and T1 (P < 0.05), but not sera T2, which reduced the hypoxia-mediated LDH release compared with sera T0 (P < 0.05). Gelatin zymography revealed a significant reduction of activities of the matrixmetalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in the protective sera T2 compared with the nonprotective sera T0 (MMP-2: P < 0.01; MMP-9: P < 0.05). Addition of human recombinant MMP-2 and MMP-9 to MMP-deficient culture media increased the sensitivity of CaCo-2 cells to hypoxia-induced cell damage (P < 0.05), but did not result in a reduced phosphorylation of prosurvival kinases p42/44 and protein kinase B (Akt) or increased activity of caspase-3/7. Our results suggest MMP-2 and MMP-9 as currently unknown humoral factors that may be involved in RIPC-mediated cytoprotection in the intestine.
Clinical and molecular evidence of the consumption of broccoli, glucoraphanin and sulforaphane in humans. (2014)

Although being relevant, the evidence for the use of broccoli, GRA and SFN in humans are limited; thus, further intervention studies are needed to evaluate outcomes more consistently and reach better grounded conclusions.
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin: master switch for allergic inflammation (2006)

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an interleukin (IL) 7-like cytokine that triggers dendritic cell-mediated T helper (Th)2 inflammatory responses. TSLP is highly expressed by keratinocytes in skin lesions of patients with atopic dermatitis and is associated with dendritic cell activation in situ, suggesting that TSLP might be a master switch for allergic inflammation at the epithelial cell-dendritic cell interface. New reports now establish a direct link between TSLP expression and the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and asthma in vivo, and begin to reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying TSLP-induced allergic inflammation.
Antiviral and Antiphlogistic Activities ofHamamelis virginianaBark (1996)

A crude hydroalcoholic extract from Hamamelis virginiana bark was subjected to ultrafiltration (UF) with a cut-off limit of 3 kDa to obtain a higher and a lower molecular weight fraction. Characterisation of the fractions was attempted with TLC, HPLC, acidic hydrolysis, and chromatography over Sephadex LH-20. The UF-concentrate was shown to consist mainly of oligomeric to polymeric proanthocyanidins (PA). This fraction was found to exhibit significant antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). In addition, the UV-concentrate displayed radical scavenging properties, inhibited alpha-glucosidase as well as human leukocyte elastase (HLE), and exhibited strong antiphlogistic effects in the croton oil ear edema test in the mouse. With the exception of the antioxidant potential and the inhibition of HLE-action the lower molecular fraction possessed weaker activities and contained mainly hamamelitannin, catechin, and further, unidentified constituents.
The Behaviour of Vicinal Alkyl Aminothiophenecarboxylates in the Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions (1985)

A b s t r a c t -The diazotization of vicinal alkyl aminothiophenecarboxylates h a s been studied.3-Amino compounds gave c l e a r diazanium s a l t s which yielded the expected halo d e r i v a t ~v e s in the Sandmeyer and Schiemann conditions.However, 2-amino compounds yielded self-coupling products.In o r d e r to study the Ullmann reaction f o r the preparation of thiophenic xantones, thioxantones and acridones, we were interested in the syntheses of the three possible i s o m e r i c vicinal halo-1-7 thioghenecarboxylic acids, e a s i e r than those described
Long-Term Depression in Hippocampus (1996)

Long-term depression (LTD) is a lasting decrease in synaptic effectiveness that follows some types of electrical stimulation in the hippocampus. Two broad types of LTD may be distinguished. Heterosynaptic LTD can occur at synapses that are inactive, normally during high-frequency stimulation of a converging synaptic input. Homosynaptic LTD can occur at synapses that are activated, normally at low frequencies. Here we discuss the mechanisms of LTD and their possible relevance to hippocampal function.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Beta-Amyloid 42 Is Reduced before the Onset of Sporadic Dementia: A Population-Based Study in 85-Year-Olds (2003)

Deposition of beta-amyloid (Abeta) is an early pathogenic event in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We measured Abeta42 and Abeta40 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in a population-based sample of 85-year-olds, 27 demented and 35 non-demented. During the following 3 years, 7 of the 35 non-demented individuals had developed dementia, while 28 remained non-demented. Reduced CSF levels of both Abeta42 (p = 0.001) and Abeta40 (p = 0.0001) were found in patients with manifest AD and vascular dementia at the age of 85. Non-demented individuals who developed dementia during follow-up had lower levels of CSF- Abeta42 (p = 0.003), but not CSF-Abeta40 (p = 0.96), than those who remained non-demented. The odds ratio for development of dementia was 8.2 (p = 0.027) for individuals in the lower 50th percentile of CSF-Abeta42, while none of those in the highest 33rd percentile of CSF-Abeta42 developed dementia during follow-up. There were no significant differences between carriers and non-carriers of the apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele regarding CSF-Abeta42 or CSF-Abeta40. Our study suggests that low CSF-Abeta42 is found also in an unselected population-based sample of old demented patients and provides the first evidence of a disturbance in the metabolism of Abeta, specifically involving Abeta42, before the onset of clinical symptoms in AD.
Drug-DNA interactions (1994)

Structures of drug-DNA oligomer complexes provide a molecular basis for the interpretation of sequence-selective binding as measured by DNA footprinting. Thermodynamic data, obtained from calorimetry, thermal denaturation, and equilibrium measurements are also an important aspect of drug-DNA complex formation. Although many ligand-DNA complexes exhibit a single conformation in solution, there are examples of systems undergoing exchange between two or more conformations in solution. A 2-aminofluorene-DNA oligomer duplex adopts two conformations, one exhibiting Watson-Crick pairing at the modified guanine, and a second conformation in which base pairing is disrupted and the fluorene moiety is stacked within the duplex. NMR-derived structures of oligonucleotides with actinomycin D, nogalomycin, bisintercalartors, lexitropsins and triplex binding ligands highlight recent advances in this area. The development of (pyridine-2-carboxamide-neotropsin)2-C6, a synthetic dimer that binds in the minor groove, is but one example of the synergistic interaction of NMR structural analysis, molecular modeling, and chemical synthesis.
Face detection in color images (2002)

Human face detection plays an important role in applications such as video surveillance, human computer interface, face recognition, and face image database management. We propose a face detection algorithm for color images in the presence of varying lighting conditions as well as complex backgrounds. Based on a novel lighting compensation technique and a nonlinear color transformation, our method detects skin regions over the entire image and then generates face candidates based on the spatial arrangement of these skin patches. The algorithm constructs eye, mouth, and boundary maps for verifying each face candidate. Experimental results demonstrate successful face detection over a wide range of facial variations in color, position, scale, orientation, 3D pose, and expression in images from several photo collections (both indoors and outdoors).
Cancer: the rise of the genetic paradigm (1995)

Peyton Rous opened his Nobel lecture of 1966 with the following passage: Tumors destroy man in a unique and appalling way, as flesh of his own flesh which has somehow been rendered proliferative, rampant, predatory and ungovernable. [Tumors] are the most concrete and formidable of human maladies, yet despite more than 70 years of experimental study they remain the least understood . . . . What can be the for these happenings? We now believe that we know the why for these happenings, and it takes a remarkable form. Two sorts of genes govern the proliferation of our cells: proto-oncogenes, which serve as accelerators to activate the genes of the cell; and tumor suppressor genes, which serve as brakes to retard the growth of cells. Jam an accelerator or remove a brake, and the cell may be unleashed to relentless proliferation. Starting with this simple image, we are now on the verge of a detailed portrait of cancer cells, of how they arise, of how they prosper, of what new might be done against them. My purpose here is to trace the historical roots of his image, to show how the intellectual edifice that now houses cancer research was constructed. My strategy will be to explore five major themes that have converged to give us that edifice. It is a story rich with humanity and with lessons on how science proceeds.
<title>ViBE: a video indexing and browsing environment</title> (1999)

In this paper, we describe a unique new paradigm for video database management known as ViBE. ViBE is a browseable/searchable paradigm for organizing video data containing a large number of sequences. We describe how ViBE performs on a database of MPEG sequences.
Production of peptide leukotrienes in endotoxin shock (1985)

Arachidonate metabolites are potent mediators generated in endotoxin shock. Following endotoxin administration (15 mg/kg) into unanesthetized rats, we found a rapid biliary secretion of peptide leukotrienes. Analysis of bile for peptide leukotrienes included organic solvent extractions, reversed phase-HPLC, radioimmunoassay (RIA), and spectrophotometry. The major immunoreactive endogenous leukotriene (LT) from bile was eluted between LTC4 and LTD4 in three chromatographic systems. It corresponded thereby to a biliary metabolite of injected LTC4 and LTD4 which in turn showed the ultraviolet spectrum of a peptide leukotriene. This demonstration of endotoxin-induced generation of peptide LTs in vivo was possible by sequential HPLC and RIA analyses in bile into which peptide LTs are eliminated from blood.
N-(fluorenyl-9-methoxycarbonyl) amino acids, a class of antiinflammatory agents with a different mechanism of action. (1991)

Several members of a series of N-(fluorenyl-9-methoxycarbonyl) amino acids were found to possess a broad spectrum of antiinflammatory activity. The compounds were active against oxazolone dermatitis in mice and adjuvant arthritis in rats, models in which activated T lymphocytes are implicated. The compounds also inhibited T-lymphocyte activation in vitro, assessed by using the mixed lymphocyte reaction. The compounds inhibited the reversed passive Arthus reaction in rats and arachidonic acid-induced dermatitis in mice, models in which leukocyte infiltration is responsible for the inflammatory reaction. More complete evaluation was made of one compound, N-(fluorenyl-9-methoxycarbonyl)leucine (NPC 15199). On histologic examination after arachidonic acid administration, NPC 15199 was found to block recruitment of neutrophils into the inflammatory site. The compound was not a general myelotoxin. Prolonged treatment of animals did not alter bone-marrow progenitor number or the numbers of circulating white blood cells. Further, several white cell functions were not inhibited in vitro, including neutrophil respiratory burst and macrophage phagocytosis. NPC 15199 was effective in blocking antigen arthritis in rabbits and was effective in a therapeutic protocol, reversing oxazolone edema. These studies suggest that N-(fluorenyl-9-methoxycarbonyl) amino acids may be valuable therapeutic agents for inflammatory diseases.
Toward on-line, worldwide access to Vatican Library materials (1996)

The Vatican Library is an extraordinary repository of rare books and manuscripts. Among its 150,000 manuscripts are early copies of works by Aristotle, Dante, Euclid, Homer, and Virgil. Yet today access to the Library is limited. Because of the time and cost required to travel to Rome, only some 2000 scholars can afford to visit the Library each year. Through the Vatican Library Project, we are exploring the practicality of providing digital library services that extend access to portions of the Library's collections to scholars worldwide, as an early example of providing digital library services that extend and complement traditional library services. A core goal of the project is to provide access via the Internet to some of the Library's most valuable manuscripts, printed books, and other sources to a scholarly community around the world. A multinational, multidisciplinary team is addressing the technical challenges raised by that goal, including • Development of a multiserver system suitable for providing information to scholars worldwide. • Capture of images of the materials with faithful color and sufficient detail to support scholarly study. Protection of the on-line materials, especially images, from misappropriation. • Development of tools to enable scholars to locate desired materials. • Development of tools to enable scholars to scrutinize images of manuscripts. • In this paper, we provide an overview of the project, a description of the system being developed to satisfy its needs, and a discussion of how the technical challenges are being addressed.
The Safety, Persistence, and Acceptability of an Antiretroviral Microbicide Candidate UC781 (2012)

: In this population of HIV-uninfected women, the gel was well tolerated and acceptable. Active levels of drug were detected in CVL and vaginal swab specimens at 1-2 days at concentrations supporting the role for daily dosing.
Serum amyloid A, the major vertebrate acute‐phase reactant (1999)

The serum amyloid A (SAA) family comprises a number of differentially expressed apolipoproteins, acute-phase SAAs (A-SAAs) and constitutive SAAs (C-SAAs). A-SAAs are major acute-phase reactants, the in vivo concentrations of which increase by as much as 1000-fold during inflammation. A-SAA mRNAs or proteins have been identified in all vertebrates investigated to date and are highly conserved. In contrast, C-SAAs are induced minimally, if at all, during the acute-phase response and have only been found in human and mouse. Although the liver is the primary site of synthesis of both A-SAA and C-SAA, extrahepatic production has been reported for most family members in most of the mammalian species studied. In vitro, the dramatic induction of A-SAA mRNA in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli is due largely to the synergistic effects of cytokine signaling pathways, principally those of the interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 type cytokines. This induction can be enhanced by glucocorticoids. Studies of the A-SAA promoters in several mammalian species have identified a range of transcription factors that are variously involved in defining both cytokine responsiveness and cell specificity. These include NF-kappaB, C/EBP, YY1, AP-2, SAF and Sp1. A-SAA is also post-transcriptionally regulated. Although the precise role of A-SAA in host defense during inflammation has not been defined, many potential clinically important functions have been proposed for individual SAA family members. These include involvement in lipid metabolism/transport, induction of extracellular-matrix-degrading enzymes, and chemotactic recruitment of inflammatory cells to sites of inflammation. A-SAA is potentially involved in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory diseases: it is the precursor of the amyloid A protein deposited in amyloid A amyloidosis, and it has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of atheroscelerosis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Learning to grasp objects with multiple contact points (2010)

We consider the problem of grasping novel objects and its application to cleaning a desk. A recent successful approach applies machine learning to learn one grasp point in an image and a point cloud. Although those methods are able to generalize to novel objects, they yield suboptimal results because they rely on motion planner for finger placements. In this paper, we extend their method to accommodate grasps with multiple contacts. This approach works well for many human-made objects because it models the way we grasp objects. To further improve the grasping, we also use a method that learns the ranking between candidates. The experiments show that our method is highly effective compared to a state-of-the-art competitor.
38. An investigation of the occurrence of the co-ordinate or dative link by electric dipole-moment measurements (1945)

G. M. Phillips, J. S. Hunter and L. E. Sutton, J. Chem. Soc., 1945, 146 DOI: 10.1039/JR9450000146
Abnormal contractile function due to induction of nitric oxide synthesis in rat cardiac myocytes follows exposure to activated macrophage-conditioned medium. (1993)

The mechanism by which soluble mediators of immune cell origin depress myocardial contractility, either globally as in systemic sepsis, or regionally in areas of inflammatory myocardial infiltrates, remains unclear. When freshly isolated ventricular myocytes from adult rat hearts were preincubated for at least 24 h in medium conditioned by endotoxin (LPS)-activated rat alveolar macrophages, their subsequent inotropic response to the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol was reduced from 225 +/- 19% to 155 +/- 10% of the baseline amplitude of shortening (mean +/- SEM, P < 0.05). Neither baseline contractile function nor the contractile response to high extracellular calcium were affected. To determine whether an endogenous nitric-oxide (NO)-signaling pathway within ventricular myocytes was responsible for their decreased responsiveness to isoproterenol, the L-arginine analogue L-NMMA was added to the preincubation medium. While L-NMMA did not affect baseline contractile function or the response of control myocytes to isoproterenol, it completely restored the positive inotropic response to isoproterenol in myocytes preincubated in LPS-activated macrophage medium. Release of NO by ventricular myocytes following exposure to activated macrophage medium was detected as an increase in cGMP content in a reporter-cell (RFL-6) bioassay and also as increased nitrite content in myocyte-conditioned medium. Thus, the depressed contractile response of adult rat ventricular myocytes to beta-adrenergic agonists by a 24-h exposure to soluble inflammatory mediators is mediated at least in party by induction of an autocrine NO signaling pathway.