gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylation by Protein Kinase C Is Required For Acute Activation of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator by Protein Kinase A (1997)

Protein kinase A (PKA) stimulates Cl secretion by activating the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a tightly regulated Cl- channel in the apical membrane of many secretory epithelia. The CFTR channel is also modulated by protein kinase C (PKC), but the regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we present evidence that PKA-mediated phosphorylation alone is not a sufficient stimulus to open the CFTR chloride channel in the presence of MgATP; constitutive PKC phosphorylation is essential for acute activation of CFTR by PKA. When patches were excised from transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells, CFTR responses to PKA became progressively smaller with time and eventually disappeared. This decline in PKA responsiveness did not occur in the presence of exogenous PKC and was reversed by the addition of PKC to channels that had become refractory to PKA. PKC enhanced PKA stimulation of open probability without increasing the number of functional channels. Short-term pretreatment of cells with the PKC inhibitor chelerythrine (1 microM) reduced the channel activity that could be elicited by forskolin in cell-attached patches. Moreover, in whole cell patches, acute stimulation of CFTR currents by chlorophenylthio-cAMP was abolished by two chemically unrelated PKC inhibitors, although an abrupt, partial activation was observed after a delay of >15 min. Modulation by PKC was most pronounced when basal PKC phosphorylation was reduced by briefly preincubating cells with chelerythrine. Constitutive PKC phosphorylation in unstimulated cells permits the maximum elevation of open probability by PKA to reach a level that is approximately 60% of that attained during in vitro exposure to both kinases. Differences in basal PKC activity may contribute to the variable cAMP responsiveness of CFTR channels in different cell types.
Biologically inspired humidity sensor based on three-dimensional photonic crystals (2010)

This letter presents a biomimetic humidity sensor inspired by the humidity-dependent color change observed in the cuticle of the Hercules beetle. A thin-film-type humidity sensor with nanoporous structures (three-dimensional photonic crystals) mimicking the spongy multilayer in the beetles was designed and fabricated using the colloidal templating method and a hydrophilic surface treatment. The visible color of the fabricated humidity sensor changes from blue-green to red as the environmental humidity increases. The wavelength of reflected light that is predicted by Bragg’s equation considering the effect of water absorption shows a good agreement with experimental results.
Inactivation of Arginyl-tRNA Protein Transferase by a Bifunctional Arsenoxide: Identification of Residues Proximal to the Arsenoxide Site (1995)

Aminoacyl-tRNA protein transferases catalyze (posttranslational) aminoacylation of specific protein N-termini, using aminoacyl-tRNA as substrate. This modification targets the protein for ATP-dependent degradation; in eukaryotes, degradation occurs in the ubiquitin-mediated pathway. The eukaryotic transferase, which catalyzes Arg transfer to N-terminal Glu or Asp residues, is potently inhibited by phenylarsenoxides. The gene encoding Arg-tRNA protein transferase from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was subcloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli to provide large amounts of homogeneous protein for a molecular analysis of this inhibition. The bifunctional reagent para-[(bromoacetyl)amino]-phenylarsenoxide is a potent and irreversible inactivator of the yeast transferase; the arsenoxide moiety of the reagent directs binding to the enzyme, while the alkyl halide moiety alkylates a residue(s) proximal to the arsenoxide site. One mole of 14C-labeled reagent was covalently incorporated during inactivation, with the side chain of Cys-315 representing the major site of alkylation. Mutation of Cys-315 to Ala yielded a fully active enzyme which was still subject to stoichiometric, irreversible inactivation by the bifunctional arsenoxide. With the C315A-enzyme, the major fraction of the 14C-labeled bifunctional reagent was associated with the side chain(s) of one or more of a stretch of Glu residues (Glu 339-341). These results show that phenylarsenoxides inhibit Arg-tRNA protein transferase by binding to a site that is either itself essential, or regulates an essential site. Inhibition appears to occur through a steric blockade mechanism.
Accumulation of Trehalose and Sucrose in Cyanobacteria Exposed to Matric Water Stress (1991)

The drought-resistant cyanobacteria Phormidium autumnale, strain LPP(4), and a Chroococcidiopsis sp. accumulated trehalose, sucrose, and both trehalose and sucrose, respectively, in response to matric water stress. Accumulated sugar concentrations reached values of up to 6.2 mug of trehalose per mug of chlorophyll in P. autumnale, 6.9 mug of sucrose per mug of chlorophyll in LPP(4), and 4.1 mug of sucrose and 3.2 mug of trehalose per mug of chlorophyll in the Chroococcidiopsis sp. The same sugars were accumulated by these cyanobacteria in similar concentrations under osmotic water stress. Cyanobacteria that did not show drought resistance (Plectonema boryanum and Synechococcus strain PCC 7942) did not accumulate significant amounts of sugars when matric water stress was applied.
Air-coupled detection of the S1-ZGV lamb mode in a concrete plate based on backward wave propagation (2013)

Impact Echo is commonly used to determine thickness of concrete plate like structures. The method is based on the generation and detection of the plate thickness resonance frequency, where the group velocity of the first higher symmetric Lamb mode goes to zero (S1-ZGV). When using air-coupled microphones as receivers it is hard to determine the correct resonance frequency due to low signal to noise ratio. In this study multichannel signal processing is used to identify the S1-ZGV frequency, based on backward wave propagation instead of the conventional amplitude spectrum approach.The original PDF file of this article, as supplied to AIP Publishing, contained some minor font problems within Figures 1, 4, 7, 8, and 9. An updated PDF file using the correct font within those figures was issued on June 3, 2013. There are no other changes to the scientific content.
MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSEO. A. Battista and P. A. SmithCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1962, 54, 9, 20–29Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50633a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50633a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3343Altmetric-Citations153LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Can Circumvent the Th2 Polarization of Neonatal Responses to Vaccines But May Fail to Fully Redirect Th2 Responses Established by Neonatal Priming (1999)

Neonatal murine responses to a panel of conventional vaccines differ qualitatively from adult responses by a particular polarization toward a Th2 pattern and a frequent limitation of the Th1 and CTL responses required for protection against intracellular microorganisms. In contrast, DNA vaccines induce adult-like Th1/CTL neonatal responses against the same vaccine Ags. In this report, we show that this can be related to their content in unmethylated CpG motifs. Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing CpG motifs activate neonatal APCs to produce IL-12 in vitro and induce adult-like Th1 responses to tetanus toxoid and measles Ags in vivo, with production of IgG2a-specific Abs and adult-like secretion of IFN-gamma and IL-5 by Ag-specific T cells. However, in spite of their capacity to trigger neonatal B cell proliferation in vitro, CpG-ODN only partially enhanced early life Ab responses. Finally, using Th1-driving CpG-ODN with the boosting dose of a protein vaccine was sufficient to redirect adult but not neonatally primed Th2 responses. These observations could be important for the development of novel vaccines that will have to be effective early in life.
Immunotherapy and gene therapy of cancer. (1991)

In the past decade, immunotherapies have been developed that are capable of causing prolonged cancer regressions in selected patients with advanced metastatic disease. In the past year, attempts at the gene therapy of cancer have begun. These experimental cancer treatments deserve vigorous exploration.
Effect of Dietary Protein Content on Weight Gain, Energy Expenditure, and Body Composition During Overeating (2012)

CONTEXT: The role of diet composition in response to overeating and energy dissipation in humans is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of overconsumption of low, normal, and high protein diets on weight gain, energy expenditure, and body composition. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A single-blind, randomized controlled trial of 25 US healthy, weight-stable male and female volunteers, aged 18 to 35 years with a body mass index between 19 and 30. The first participant was admitted to the inpatient metabolic unit in June 2005 and the last in October 2007. INTERVENTION: After consuming a weight-stabilizing diet for 13 to 25 days, participants were randomized to diets containing 5% of energy from protein (low protein), 15% (normal protein), or 25% (high protein), which they were overfed during the last 8 weeks of their 10- to 12-week stay in the inpatient metabolic unit. Compared with energy intake during the weight stabilization period, the protein diets provided approximately 40% more energy intake, which corresponds to 954 kcal/d (95% CI, 884–1022 kcal/d). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Body composition was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry biweekly, resting energy expenditure was measured weekly by ventilated hood, and total energy expenditure by doubly labeled water prior to the overeating and weight stabilization periods and at weeks 7 to 8. RESULTS: Overeating produced significantly less weight gain in the low protein diet group (3.16 kg; 95% CI, 1.88–4.44 kg) compared with the normal protein diet group (6.05 kg; 95% CI, 4.84–7.26 kg) or the high protein diet group (6.51 kg; 95% CI, 5.23–7.79 kg) (P=.002). Body fat increased similarly in all 3 protein diet groups and represented 50% to more than 90% of the excess stored calories. Resting energy expenditure, total energy expenditure, and body protein did not increase during overfeeding with the low protein diet. In contrast, resting energy expenditure (normal protein diet: 160 kcal/d [95% CI, 102–218 kcal/d]; high protein diet: 227 kcal/d [95% CI, 165–289 kcal/d]) and body protein (lean body mass) (normal protein diet: 2.87 kg [95% CI, 2.11–3.62 kg]; high protein diet: 3.18 kg [95% CI, 2.37–3.98 kg]) increased significantly with the normal and high protein diets. CONCLUSIONS: Among persons living in a controlled setting, calories alone account for the increase in fat; protein affected energy expenditure and storage of lean body mass, but not body fat storage.
Borehole Images (2004)

This publication is a general introduction to common openhole logging measurements, both wire line and MWD/LWD, and the interpretation of those measurements to determine the traditional analytical goals of porosity, fluid saturation, and lithology/mineralogy. It is arranged by the interpretation goals of the data, rather than by the underlying physics of the measurements. The appendix files contain digital versions of the data from the case studies, a summary guide to the measurements and their interpretation, and a simple spreadsheet containing some of the more common interpretation algorithms. This Second Edition of Basic Well Log Analysis delivers a great impact on training and self-training along with superior workbook exercises, newer measurements, borehole imaging, and nuclear magnetic resonance in separate chapters, all directed to provide a guide through the lengthy and sometimes ambiguous terminology of well logging and petrophysics. It provides readers with interpretation examples (and solutions) so that the techniques described here can be practiced.
Domino NH/CH Bond Activation: Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Annulated Heterocycles Using Dichloro(hetero)arenes (2007)

One after the other: A novel palladium-catalyzed domino reaction consisting of an amination and a direct CH bond arylation allows for a general synthesis of annulated heterocycles starting from readily available 1,2-dichloroarenes and primary as well as secondary anilines (see scheme; Cy=cyclohexyl). This is highlighted by an efficient synthesis of the natural product murrayafoline A. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z603833_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Independent regulation of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins 1 and 2 in hamster liver. (1995)

Two sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs, designated SREBP-1 and SREBP-2), each approximately 1150 amino acids in length, are attached to membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope in human and hamster tissue culture cells. In the absence of sterols, soluble fragments of approximately 470 amino acids are released from both proteins by proteolytic cleavage. The soluble fragments enter the nucleus, where they bind to sterol regulatory elements in the promoters of genes encoding the low density lipoprotein receptor and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA synthase, thereby activating transcription. Proteolytic processing of both SREBPs is blocked coordinately by sterol overloading and enhanced coordinately when sterols are depleted by treatment with an inhibitor of cholesterol synthesis. In contrast to these findings in cultured cells, the current data show that SREBP-1 and -2 are not coordinately regulated in hamster liver. In untreated animals the soluble fragment of SREBP-1, but not of SREBP-2, was detected by immunoblotting of a liver nuclear extract. Depletion of sterols by treatment with a bile acid-binding resin (colestipol) and a cholesterol synthesis inhibitor (mevinolin) led to a marked increase in the nuclear form of SREBP-2 and a reciprocal decline in the nuclear form of SREBP-1. These findings suggest that SREBP-1 is responsible for basal transcription of the low density lipoprotein receptor and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA synthase genes in hamster liver and that SREBP-2 is responsible for the increased transcription that follows sterol depletion with a bile acid-binding resin and a cholesterol synthesis inhibitor.
Nerve agent detection using networks of single-walled carbon nanotubes (2003)

We report the use of carbon nanotubes as a sensor for chemical nerve agents. Thin-film transistors constructed from random networks of single-walled carbon nanotubes were used to detect dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), a simulant for the nerve agent sarin. These sensors are reversible and capable of detecting DMMP at sub-ppb concentration levels, and they are intrinsically selective against interferent signals from hydrocarbon vapors and humidity. We provide additional chemical specificity by the use of filters coated with chemoselective polymer films. These results indicate that the electronic detection of sub-ppb concentrations of nerve agents and potentially other chemical warfare agents is possible with simple-to-fabricate carbon nanotube devices.
Sol-gel glass waveguide and grating on silicon (1998)

This paper reports on the fabrication and characterization of hybrid organic-inorganic glass sol-gel slab and channel waveguides by ultraviolet light imprinting in thin films deposited by a one-step dip-coating process. The adjustment of chemical composition of the materials provides precise selection of refractive index from 1.48 to 1.52 at the wavelength of 632.8 mn. The refractive index of the waveguides at 1.55 /spl mu/m is similar to that of optical fiber, thus reducing the reflection loss between the two to less than 0.01 dB. The effect of ultraviolet light exposure and heat treatment on waveguide refractive index is studied. Fabrication parameters to produce ridge waveguides are optimized to achieve very smooth side walls. Propagation losses in these waveguides are /spl sim/0.1 dB/cm. Single mode buried waveguides, at 1.55 /spl mu/m wavelength, with circular mode profile are demonstrated.
Identification of a Ten-Amino Acid Proline-Rich SH3 Binding Site (1993)

The Src homology 3 (SH3) region is a small protein domain present in a very large group of proteins, including cytoskeletal elements and signaling proteins. It is believed that SH3 domains serve as modules that mediate protein-protein associations and, along with Src homology 2 (SH2) domains, regulate cytoplasmic signaling. The SH3 binding sites of two SH3 binding proteins were localized to a nine- or ten-amino acid stretch very rich in proline residues. Similar SH3 binding motifs exist in the formins, proteins that function in pattern formation in embryonic limbs of the mouse, and one subtype of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. Identification of the SH3 binding site provides a basis for understanding the interaction between the SH3 domains and their targets.
A simple terahertz spectrometer based on a low-reflectivity Fabry-Perot interferometer using Fourier transform spectroscopy (2006)

A simple terahertz (THz) Fourier transform spectrometer is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated with a low-reflectivity Fabry-Perot interferometer. Composed with only two parallel low reflectivity surfaces, this simple spectrometer has the ability to measure the spectrum over more than one octave with a controllable resolution. The emission spectra of a wavelength-tunable photonic transmitter excited by an optical coherent control system are determined by the spectrometer. With a simple algorithm for the spectral reconstruction and a compact structure with easy alignment, the demonstrated spectrometer will meet the needs of many important applications where a compact and convenient spectrometer is required in the frequency range from sub-THz wave up to even visible light.
SINGLE-PARTICLE TRACKING:Applications to Membrane Dynamics (1997)

Measurements of trajectories of individual proteins or lipids in the plasma membrane of cells show a variety of types of motion. Brownian motion is observed, but many of the particles undergo non-Brownian motion, including directed motion, confined motion, and anomalous diffusion. The variety of motion leads to significant effects on the kinetics of reactions among membrane-bound species and requires a revision of existing views of membrane structure and dynamics.
Detecting thiols in a microchip device using micromolded carbon ink electrodes modified with cobalt phthalocyanine (2005)

This paper describes the fabrication and evaluation of a chemically modified carbon ink microelectrode to detect thiols of biological interest. The detection of thiols, such as homocysteine and cysteine, is necessary to monitor various disease states. The biological implications of these thiols generate the need for miniaturized detection systems that enable portable monitoring as well as quantitative results. In this work, we utilize a microchip device that incorporates a micromolded carbon ink electrode modified with cobalt phthalocyanine to detect thiols. Cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPC) is an electrocatalyst that lowers the potential needed for the oxidation of thiols. The CoPC/carbon ink composition was optimized for the micromolding method and the resulting microelectrode was characterized with microchip-based flow injection analysis. It was found that CoPC lowers the overpotential for thiols but, as compared to direct amperometric detection, a pulsed detection scheme was needed to constantly regenerate the electrocatalyst surface, leading to improved peak reproducibility and limits of detection. Using the pulsed method, cysteine exhibited a linear response between 10-250 microM (r(2) = 0.9991) with a limit of detection (S/N = 3) of 7.5 microM, while homocysteine exhibited a linear response between 10-500 microM (r(2) = 0.9967) with a limit of detection of 6.9 microM. Finally, to demonstrate the ability to measure thiols in a biological sample using a microchip device, the CoPC-modified microelectrode was utilized for the detection of cysteine in the presence of rabbit erythrocytes.
<title>Collaborative robotic team design and integration</title> (2000)

Teams of heterogeneous mobile robots are a key aspect of future unmanned systems for operations in complex and dynamic urban environments, such as that envisions by DARPA's Tactical Mobile Robotics program. Interactions among such team members enable a variety of mission roles beyond those achievable with single robots or homogeneous teams. Key technologies include docking for power and data transfer, marsupial transport and deployment, collaborative team user interface, cooperative obstacle negotiation, distributed sensing, and peer inspection. This paper describes recent results in the integration and evaluation of component technologies within a collaborative system design. Integration considerations include requirement definition, flexible design management, interface control, and incremental technology integration. Collaborative system requirements are derived from mission objectives and robotic roles, and impact system and individual robot design at several levels. Design management is a challenge in a dynamic environment, with rapid evolution of mission objectives and available technologies. The object-oriented system model approach employed includes both software and hardware object representations to enable on- the-fly system and robot reconfiguration. Controlled interfaces among robots include mechanical, behavioral, communications, and electrical parameters. Technologies are under development by several organizations within the TMR program community. The incremental integration and validation of these within the collaborative system architecture reduces development risk through frequent experimental evaluations. The TMR system configuration includes Packbot-Perceivers, Packbot- Effectors, and Throwbots. Surrogates for these robots are used to validate and refine designs for multi-robot interaction components. Collaborative capability results from recent experimental evaluations are presented.