gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF THE CONCENTRATION OF BRANCHED CHAIN AMINO ACIDS ON THE FORMATION OF FUSEL ALCOHOLS (1978)

The influence of concentrations of branched-chain amino acids on the total, anabolic and catabolic production of isobutyl, active amyl, and isoamyl alcohol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae X 2180-1A has been examined in media with high nitrogen levels. It has been found that the total and catabolic production of higher alcohols increased with increasing concentrations of the corresponding amino acids. The anabolic pathway can be suppressed by high levels of the corresponding amino acid. Lower concentrations up to 1 mm for isoleucine and 10mm for leucine stimulate the anabolic formation of active amyl alcohol and isoamyl alcohol respectively. From the data obtained, it is shown that, under the conditions used, 50% or more of the fusel alcohols may arise in a beer wort fermentation from carbohydrates.
Xanthones from the Green Fruit Hulls ofGarciniamangostana (2002)

Three new xanthones, mangostenol (1), mangostenone A (2), and mangostenone B (3), were isolated from the green fruit hulls of Garcinia mangostana, along with the known xanthones, trapezifolixanthone, tovophyllin B (4), alpha- and beta-mangostins, garcinone B, mangostinone, mangostanol, and the flavonoid epicatechin. The structures of the new xanthones were elucidated by analysis of their spectroscopic data.
Vaccination with genetically modified Shiga-like toxin IIe prevents edema disease in swine (1996)

Escherichia coli strains producing Shiga-like toxin II variant (SLT-IIe, formerly called SLT-IIv) cause edema disease in weaned pigs. Vaccination of pigs with a genetically modified form of Shiga-like toxin IIe, SLT-IIe(E167Q), has been previously shown to be nontoxic and to induce antibodies to SLT-IIe (V.M. Gordon. S.C. Whipp, H.W. Moon, A.D. O'Brien, and J.E. Samuel, Infect, Immun. 60:485-502, 1992). Fifty micrograms of SLT-IIe(E167Q) toxin was used to vaccinate suckling pigs at 1 and 2 weeks of age. Both vaccinated and nonvaccinated pigs were orally inoculated with an SLT-IIe-producing strain of E. coli after weaning (3 to 4 weeks of age). Pigs fed a low-protein diet that were not vaccinated with SLT-IIe(E167Q) developed subclinical edema disease, histologically evident as vascular necrosis. Pigs fed a high-protein diet that were not vaccinated with SLT-IIe(E167Q) developed clinical edema disease manifested as vascular necrosis, reduced weight gain, ataxia, palpebral edema, lateral recumbency, and death. Pigs vaccinated with SLT-IIe(E167Q) had a reduction in the incidence of subclinical edema disease and never developed clinical edema disease. These data demonstrate that vaccination with a genetically modified form of SLT-IIe prevents edema disease and are consistent with the notion that diet influences susceptibility to edema disease.
Amino Acid Sequence of the Hemerythrin α Subunit from Lingula unguis (1991)

The amino acid sequence of the alpha subunit of the allosteric hemerythrin from Lingula unguis was determined. It consists of 117 amino acid residues. Compared with other non-allosteric hemerythrins consisting of identical subunits of 113 amino acid residues, this protein has the deletion of the N-terminal amino acid and the insertion of five amino acids in the same region as in the case of the monomeric myoerythrin from Themiste zostericola. As the amino acid sequence of the beta subunit has also been determined [Yano, H., Satake, K., Ueno, Y., & Tsugita, A. Protein Sequence and Data Analysis, in press], the complete sequence analysis of an allosteric hemerythrin has been accomplished for the first time. The difference in the octameric structures of allosteric and non-allosteric hemerythrins are discussed.
Faithful cell-cycle regulation of a recombinant mouse histone H4 gene is controlled by sequences in the 3'-terminal part of the gene. (1985)

We have analyzed the expression of endogenous histone H4 genes and of a newly introduced H4 gene in 21-Tb cells, a mouse mastocytoma cell-cycle mutant. Endogenous H4 mRNAs were less abundant by a factor of 120-180 in G1-arrested than in exponentially multiplying cells. However, H4 transcription rates were only decreased by a factor of 3 under these conditions, as determined by in vitro elongation of nascent transcripts. This indicates that post-transcriptional control of histone mRNA levels is important, in accord with published data. We introduced a mouse H4 gene, modified by a 12-base-pair (bp) insertion in its coding sequence, into 21-Tb cells by DNA-mediated gene transfer. The levels of transcripts from this gene were regulated in parallel with those of the endogenous genes. Moreover, fusion of the simian virus 40 (SV40) early promoter to a 463-bp fragment containing the 3'-terminal half of the mouse H4 gene, including 230 bp of spacer sequences, led to the regulated expression of SV40/H4 fusion RNA. However, a small proportion of SV40-initiated transcripts were not processed to histone-specific 3' ends, but extended farther through the downstream Escherichia coli galactokinase gene to a SV40 polyadenylylation site. In contrast to the short SV40/H4 RNA, the levels of these longer transcripts were not reduced in G1-arrested cells. These results show that sequences in the 3'-terminal part of the H4 gene can regulate gene expression in the cell cycle, presumably at the post-transcriptional level, as long as they are not positioned much more distant from the terminus than normal.
Secondary structure analysis of the scrapie-associated protein PrP 27-30 in water by infrared spectroscopy (1991)

A protease-resistant form of the protein PrP (PrP-res) accumulates in tissues of mammals infected with scrapie, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and related transmissible neurodegenerative diseases. This abnormal form of PrP can aggregate into insoluble amyloid-like fibrils and plaques and has been identified as the major component of brain fractions enriched for scrapie infectivity. Using a recently developed technique in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy which allows protein conformational analysis in aqueous media, we have studied the secondary structure of the proteinase K resistant core of PrP-res (PrP-res 27-30) as it exists in highly infectious fibril preparations. Second-derivative analysis of the infrared spectra has enabled us to quantitate the relative amounts of different secondary structures in the PrP-res aggregates. The analysis indicated that PrP-res 27-30 is predominantly composed of beta-sheet (47%), which is consistent with its amyloid-like properties. In addition, significant amounts of turn (31%) and alpha-helix (17%) were identified, indicating that amyloid-like fibrils need not be exclusively beta-sheet. The infrared-based secondary structure compositions were then used as constraints to improve the theoretical localization of the secondary structures within PrP-res 27-30.
On the Feasibility of Automated Market Making by a Programmed Specialist (1985)

ABSTRACT Securities trading is accomplished through the execution of orders. Admissible orders (e.g., market orders, limit orders) give rise to discontinuous aggregate demand functions, composed of many “steps.” Demand smoothing , or the balancing of excesses due to such discontinuities via intervention, is one of the most basic functions that could be assigned to a “specialist.” When the specialist's “affirmative obligation” is fully specified, his or her activity can in principle be automated. This paper is an attempt to assess, via simulation, some of the ramifications of using a “programmed specialist,” whose automated market making is limited to demand smoothing. A number of alternative rules of operation are simulated. Several of the rules performed well, especially the extremely simple rule that calls for the (computerized) specialist to minimize new absolute share holdings in each security at each trading point via “total” (as opposed to “local”) demand smoothing. Our results indicate that the underlying costs of demand smoothing are on the order of a fraction of a penny per share traded even in relatively thin markets.
Regulatory Mechanisms Controlling Gene Expression Mediated by the Antioxidant Response Element (2003)

The expression of genes encoding antioxidative and Phase II detoxification enzymes is induced in cells exposed to electrophilic compounds and phenolic antioxidants. Induction of these enzymes is regulated at the transcriptional level and is mediated by a specific enhancer, the antioxidant response element or ARE, found in the promoter of the enzyme's gene. The transcription factor Nrf2 has been implicated as the central protein that interacts with the ARE to activate gene transcription constitutively or in response to an oxidative stress signal. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms whereby the transcriptional activation mediated by the interaction between the ARE and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is regulated. Recent studies suggest that the sequence context of the ARE, the nature of the chemical inducers, and the cell type are important for determining the activity of the enhancer in a particular gene.
Dramatic enhancement in the gain of a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure bipolar transistor by surface chemical passivation (1987)

With a simple chemical treatment we have passivated nonradiative recombination centers at the periphery of a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure bipolar transistor, resulting in a 60-fold increase in the current gain of the device at low collector currents. This large enhancement in gain was achieved by spin coating thin films of Na2S9H2O onto the devices after their fabrication. We briefly discuss the passivation mechanism and the implications for other III-V optoelectronic devices.
Overview (1997)

An experimental approach and logic are presented for the regeneration of skeletal tissues that focus on the recapitulation of embryonic events starting with an uncommitted progenitor cell population that the authors refer to as mesenchymal stem cells. The repair and regeneration of articular cartilage, which itself has no repair potential, is the subject of this presentation. Full thickness cartilage defects were created in the medial condyle of the distal femur. Self repair (empty defects), articular chondrocytes (allografts), and autologous mesenchymal stem cells were used and the results are reported in selected examples from more than 800 rabbit knees. The optimal number of the appropriate cells delivered in a supportive vehicle to a defect pretreated with a dilute trypsin solution to optimize the integration of repair with normal host cartilage provides a methodology in which regeneration of articular cartilage can be observed. The principles have relevance to the clinical repair and regeneration of cartilage and other skeletal defects.
Effect of low‐power laser irradiation on cell growth and procollagen synthesis of cultured fibroblasts (2002)

Our results showed that a particular laser irradiation stimulates fibroblast proliferation, without impairing procollagen synthesis.
Spatial organization and patterning of gold nanoparticles on self-assembled biolipid tubular templates (1996)

S. L. Burkett and S. Mann, Chem. Commun., 1996, 321 DOI: 10.1039/CC9960000321
Inhibition of GAPDH activity by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activates three major pathways of hyperglycemic damage in endothelial cells (2003)

In this report, we show that hyperglycemia-induced overproduction of superoxide by the mitochondrial electron transport chain activates the three major pathways of hyperglycemic damage found in aortic endothelial cells by inhibiting GAPDH activity. In bovine aortic endothelial cells, GAPDH antisense oligonucleotides activated each of the pathways of hyperglycemic vascular damage in cells cultured in 5 mM glucose to the same extent as that induced by culturing cells in 30 mM glucose. Hyperglycemia-induced GAPDH inhibition was found to be a consequence of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of GAPDH by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), which was activated by DNA strand breaks produced by mitochondrial superoxide overproduction. Both the hyperglycemia-induced decrease in activity of GAPDH and its poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation were prevented by overexpression of either uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) or manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), which decrease hyperglycemia-induced superoxide. Overexpression of UCP-1 or MnSOD also prevented hyperglycemia-induced DNA strand breaks and activation of PARP. Hyperglycemia-induced activation of each of the pathways of vascular damage was abolished by blocking PARP activity with the competitive PARP inhibitors PJ34 or INO-1001. Elevated glucose increased poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of GAPDH in WT aortae, but not in the aortae from PARP-1-deficient mice. Thus, inhibition of PARP blocks hyperglycemia-induced activation of multiple pathways of vascular damage.
Computer Translation of Systematic Chemical Nomenclature to Structural Formulas-Steroids (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComputer Translation of Systematic Chemical Nomenclature to Structural Formulas-SteroidsR. N. StillwellCite this: J. Chem. Doc. 1973, 13, 3, 107–109Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/c160050a002https://doi.org/10.1021/c160050a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views30Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Lasing characteristics of distributed-feedback GaAs-GaAlAs diode lasers with separate optical and carrier confinement (1976)

The lasing characteristics of separate-confinement-heterostructure (SCH-structure) distributed-feedback (DFB) diode lasers are examined theoretically and experimentally. Wave propagation in five-layer SCH waveguides is analyzed to estimate such parameters as the lasing wavelength, coupling constant, and external quantum efficiency. Spectral and modal behavior are studied in the experiment and compared with the theoretical predictions. Diodes are shown to lase in a single longitudinal mode with a definite polarization. Spectral width is about 300 MHz just above the threshold, and becomes wider with increased excitation level. An output power of 40 mW with an external quantum efficiency of 5 percent is obtained under CW operation.
Twelve-Month Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Suicide Attempts in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys (2010)

Suicidal behaviors occur at similar rates in both developed and developing countries. Risk indices assessing multiple domains can predict suicide attempts with fairly good accuracy and may be useful in aiding clinicians in the prediction of these behaviors.
Pharmacotherapy to prevent PTSD: Results from a randomized controlled proof‐of‐concept trial in physically injured patients (2007)

Acute physical injury is frequently associated with mental health sequelae, which then accentuate disability and worsen functional outcomes. A pharmacological prevention approach to this problem has been proposed. This proof-of-concept study was a double-blind, randomized controlled trial of 14 days of the beta-blocker propranolol (n = 17), the anxiolytic anticonvulsant gabapentin (n = 14), or placebo (n = 17), administered within 48 hours of injury to patients admitted to a surgical trauma center. Of 569 accessible, potentially eligible subjects, 48 (8%) participated. Outcomes assessments were conducted at 1, 4, and 8 months postinjury. Although well tolerated, neither study drug showed a significant benefit over placebo on depressive or posttraumatic stress symptoms. Implications are discussed for future pharmacological prevention studies in survivors of acute traumatic injury.
Aberrant DNA methylation in ulcerative colitis without neoplasia. (2008)

Methylation in promoters of ER, p14 and p16 occurs in rectal inflammatory mucosa without neoplasia. Examination of ER methylation in rectal mucosa may be useful for predicting cases at high risk of neoplasia.
Efficient Private Statistics with Succinct Sketches (2016)

Large-scale collection of contextual information is often essential in order to gather statistics, train machine learning models, and extract knowledge from data. The ability to do so in a privacy-preserving way -i.e., without collecting finegrained user data -enables a number of additional computational scenarios that would be hard, or outright impossible, to realize without strong privacy guarantees. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of practical techniques for privately gathering statistics from large data streams. We build on efficient cryptographic protocols for private aggregation and on data structures for succinct data representation, namely, Count-Min Sketch and Count Sketch. These allow us to reduce the communication and computation complexity incurred by each data source (e.g., end-users) from linear to logarithmic in the size of their input, while introducing a parametrized upper-bounded error that does not compromise the quality of the statistics. We then show how to use our techniques, efficiently, to instantiate real-world privacy-friendly systems, supporting recommendations for media streaming services, prediction of user locations, and computation of median statistics for Tor hidden services.
Microfabricated isoelectric focusing device for direct electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (2000)

A novel microfabricated device for isoelectric focusing (IEF) incorporating an optimized electrospray ionization (ESI) tip was constructed on polycarbonate plates using laser micromachining. The IEF microchip incorporated a separation channel (50 micro x 30 micro x 16 cm), three fluid connectors, and two buffer reservoirs. Electrical potentials used for IEF focusing and electrospray were applied through platinum electrodes placed in the buffer reservoirs, which were isolated from the separation channel by porous membranes. Direct ESI-mass spectrometry (MS) using electrosprays produced directly from a sharp emitter "tip" on the microchip was evaluated. The results indicated that this design can produce a stable electrospray and that performance was further improved and made more flexible with the assistance of a sheath gas and sheath liquid. Error analysis of the spectral data showed that the standard deviation in signal intensity for an analyte peak was less than approximately 5% over 3 h. The production of stable electrosprays directly from microchip IEF device represents a step towards easily fabricated microanalytical devices. Microchannel IEF separations of protein mixtures were demonstrated for uncoated polycarbonate microchips. Direct microchannel IEF-ESI-MS was demonstrated using the microfabricated chip with an ion-trap mass spectrometer for characterization of protein mixtures.
Generation of Peripheral Sensory and Sympathetic Neurons and Neural Crest Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cells (2005)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have been directed to differentiate into neuronal cells using many cell-culture techniques. Central nervous system cells with clinical importance have been produced from hESCs. To date, however, there have been no definitive reports of generation of peripheral neurons from hESCs. We used a modification of the method of Sasai and colleagues for mouse and primate embryonic stem cells to elicit neuronal differentiation from hESCs. When hESCs are cocultured with the mouse stromal line PA6 for 3 weeks, neurons are induced that coexpress (a) peripherin and Brn3a, and (b) peripherin and tyrosine hydroxylase, combinations characteristic of peripheral sensory and sympathetic neurons, respectively. In vivo, peripheral sensory and sympathetic neurons develop from the neural crest (NC). Analysis of expression of mRNAs identified in other species as NC markers reveals that the PA6 cells induce NC-like cells before neuronal differentiation takes place. Several NC markers, including SNAIL, dHAND, and Sox9, are increased at 1 week of coculture relative to naive cells. Furthermore, the expression of several NC marker genes known to be downregulated upon in vivo differentiation of NC derivatives, was observed to be present at lower levels at 3 weeks of PA6-hESC coculture than at 1 week. Our report is the first on the expression of molecular markers of NC-like cells in primates, in general, and in humans, specifically. Our results suggest that this system can be used for studying molecular and cellular events in the almost inaccessible human NC, as well as for producing normal human peripheral neurons for developing therapies for diseases such as familial dysautonomia.
Immunochemotherapy of Malignant Melanoma With Chlorambucil-Bound Antimelanoma Globulins: Preliminary Results in Patients With Disseminated Disease2 (1977)

Thirteen consecutive patients with inoperable recurrent malignant melanoma were treated by immunochemotherapy with the use of chlorambucil noncovalently bound to goat or rabbit antihuman melanoma globulins. The next consecutive 11 patients fulfilling the criteria for admission into this study were treated with chemotherapy only, i.e., dimethyltriazenoimidazole carboxamide (DTIC). Follow-up was for a minimum of 29 months or until death. Two patients showing an objective response to immunochemotherapy had disease confined to lymph nodes and cutaneous sites; 5 others showed stabilization of cutaneous, nodal, and visceral disease, and 6 patients showed progression of their disease. The median survival of the responders and stabilizers was 20 months, but only 3.5 months for patients with disease progression. None of the 11 patients treated with DTIC had objective tumor regression, and all died within 11 months of the start of treatment with a median survival of 3 months. Immunochemotherapy significantly prolonged the survival compared to that in the DTIC-treated group (P less than 0.05). No hematologic or renal toxicity was detected after immunochemotherapy, but 2 patients in this group developed anaphylactic reactions. Skin reactivity tests to dinitrochlorobenzene and purified protein derivative were of no prognostic value
A stereospecific analysis of triglycerides (1965)

A method is presented for the analysis of the fatty acid compositions in each of the three positions of a triglyceride. Diglycerides are obtained from the triglyceride by lipolysis with pancreatic lipase, and converted to a mixture of d- and l-phosphatidyl phenol. The l-phosphatide is then hydrolyzed by phospholipase A, leaving a lysophosphatide with the fatty acid in position 1, free fatty acid from position 2, and unhydrolyzed d-phosphatidyl phenol. The fatty acid composition in position 3 of the original triglyceride is obtained by calculation.The method was tested on two triglyceride mixtures with known fatty acid distributions. A natural triglyceride, corn oil, was analyzed. The distribution of the major fatty acids between positions l and 3 was found to be nearly random.