gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ecology of Plant and Free-Living Nematodes in Natural and Agricultural Soil (2010)

Nematodes are aquatic organisms that depend on thin water films to live and move within existing pathways of soil pores of 25-100 mum diameter. Soil nematodes can be a tool for testing ecological hypotheses and understanding biological mechanisms in soil because of their central role in the soil food web and linkage to ecological processes. Ecological succession is one of the most tested community ecology concepts, and a variety of nematode community indices have been proposed for purposes of environmental monitoring. In contrast, theories of biogeography, colonization, optimal foraging, and niche partitioning by nematodes are poorly understood. Ecological hypotheses related to strategies of coexistence of nematode species sharing the same resource have potential uses for more effective biological control and use of organic amendments to foster disease suppression. Essential research is needed on nematodes in natural and agricultural soils to synchronize nutrient release and availability relative to plant needs, to test ecological hypotheses, to apply optimal foraging and niche partitioning strategies for more effective biological control, to blend organic amendments to foster disease suppression, to monitor environmental and restoration status, and to develop better predictive models for land-use decisions.
Magnetoencephalographic Imaging of Auditory and Somatosensory Cortical Responses in Children with Autism and Sensory Processing Dysfunction (2017)

This study compared magnetoencephalographic (MEG) imaging-derived indices of auditory and somatosensory cortical processing in children aged 8-12 years with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; <i>N</i> = 18), those with sensory processing dysfunction (SPD; <i>N</i> = 13) who do not meet ASD criteria, and typically developing control (TDC; <i>N</i> = 19) participants. The magnitude of responses to both auditory and tactile stimulation was comparable across all three groups; however, the M200 latency response from the left auditory cortex was significantly delayed in the ASD group relative to both the TDC and SPD groups, whereas the somatosensory response of the ASD group was only delayed relative to TDC participants. The SPD group did not significantly differ from either group in terms of somatosensory latency, suggesting that participants with SPD may have an intermediate phenotype between ASD and TDC with regard to somatosensory processing. For the ASD group, correlation analyses indicated that the left M200 latency delay was significantly associated with performance on the WISC-IV Verbal Comprehension Index as well as the DSTP Acoustic-Linguistic index. Further, these cortical auditory response delays were not associated with somatosensory cortical response delays or cognitive processing speed in the ASD group, suggesting that auditory delays in ASD are domain specific rather than associated with generalized processing delays. The specificity of these auditory delays to the ASD group, in addition to their correlation with verbal abilities, suggests that auditory sensory dysfunction may be implicated in communication symptoms in ASD, motivating further research aimed at understanding the impact of sensory dysfunction on the developing brain.
Structural basis of regional dysfunction in acutely ischemic myocardium (2000)

Abnormal regional mechanics in the acute ischemic border arise from increased wall stresses without a transitional zone of intermediate contractility. Perfusion is more tightly coupled to fiber than cross-fiber strain, and a wider functional border zone of fiber strain during LAD than LCx occlusion is primarily due to higher regional wall stresses rather than anatomic variations.
Dynamic Regulation of Chloroplast Transcription (1993)

Plastids are ubiquitous DNA-containing organelles present in plant cells. These organelles carry out numerous metabolic functions including photosynthesis, starch synthesis, and steps in lipid, terpenoid, amino acid, tetrapyrrole, and plant hormone biosynthesis. Some of these functions are highly expressed in differentiated plastids. For example, chloroplasts are specialized for photosynthesis, chromoplasts for carotenoid biosynthesis and storage, and amyloplasts for starch biosynthesis. Although basal levels of plastid gene expression are observed in a11 plastid types, a large increase in plastid transcription is observed during chloroplast biogenesis. This suggests that one central regulatory point of chloroplast differentiation is the activation of chloroplast transcription. However, chloroplast development requires coordinated expression of plastid and nuclear genes, and, therefore, activation of plastid gene transcription must be coordinated with the activation of nuclear gene expression by signals that can be transmitted between plastids and the nucleus. The study of chloroplast gene expression also provides an opportunity to understand how plants sense and alter gene expression in response to light. Light is a substrate for photosynthesis, a trigger of plant developmental processes, and a potential source of injury that modulates chloroplast transcription.
Arimoclomol at dosages up to 300 mg/day is well tolerated and safe in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2008)

Arimoclomol is an investigational drug for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) that amplifies heat shock protein gene expression during cell stress. The objectives of the present study were to assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of arimoclomol in ALS. Eighty-four participants with ALS received arimoclomol at one of three oral doses (25, 50, or 100 mg three times daily) or placebo. The primary outcome measure was safety and tolerability. A subset of 44 participants provided serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples for pharmacokinetic analysis. Participants who completed 12 weeks of treatment could enroll in a 6-month open-label study. Arimoclomol at doses up to 300 mg/day was well tolerated and safe. Arimoclomol resulted in dose-linear pharmacologic exposures and the half-life did not change with continued treatment. Arimoclomol CSF levels increased with dose. Arimoclomol was shown to be safe, and it crosses the blood-brain barrier. Serum pharmacokinetic profiles support dosing of three times per day. An efficacy study in ALS is planned.
Assembly of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Precursor Gag Proteins (2005)

To investigate the mechanism by which human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) precursor Gag (PrGag) proteins assemble to form immature virus particles, we examined the in vitro assembly of MACANC proteins, composed of the PrGag matrix, capsid, and nucleocapsid domains. In the absence of other components, MACANC proteins assembled efficiently at physiological temperature but inefficiently at lower temperatures. However, the addition of RNA reduced the temperature sensitivity of assembly reactions. Assembly of MACANC proteins also was affected by pH because the proteins preferentially formed tubes at pH 6.0, whereas spheres were obtained at pH 8.0. Because neither tubes nor spheres were amenable to analysis of protein-protein contacts, we also examined the membrane-bound assemblies of MACANC proteins. Interestingly, MACANC proteins organized on membranes in tightly packed hexameric rings. The observed hexamer spacing of 79.7 A is consistent with the notion that more PrGag proteins assemble into virions than are needed to provide capsid proteins for mature virus cores. Our data are also consistent with a model for PrGag contacts in immature virions where capsid hexamers are tightly packed, where nucleocapsid domains align beneath capsid C-terminal domains, and where matrix domains form trimers at the nexus of three neighbor hexamers.
Inhibition of the Type I Interferon Response by the Nucleoprotein of the Prototypic Arenavirus Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (2006)

The prototypic arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a formidable battle horse for the study of viral immunology, as well as viral persistence and associated diseases. Investigations with LCMV have uncovered basic mechanisms by which viruses avoid elimination by the host adaptive immune response. In this study we show that LCMV also disables the host innate defense by interfering with beta interferon (IFN-beta) production in response to different stimuli, including infection with Sendai virus and liposome-mediated DNA transfection. Inhibition of IFN production in LCMV-infected cells was caused by an early block in the IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) activation pathway. This defect was restored in cells cured of LCMV, indicating that one or more LCMV products are responsible for the inhibition of IRF-3 activation. Using expression plasmids encoding individual LCMV proteins, we found that expression of the LCMV nucleoprotein (NP) was sufficient to inhibit both IFN production and nuclear translocation of IRF-3. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of an IFN-counteracting viral protein in the Arenaviridae family. Inhibition of IFN production by the arenavirus NP is likely to be a determinant of virulence in vivo.
The nerve supply of the human auricle (2002)

Knowledge of the innervation of the outer ear is crucial for surgery in this region. The aim of this study was to describe the system of the auricular nerve supply. On 14 ears of seven cadavers the complete course of the nerve supply was exposed and categorized. A heterogeneous distribution of two cranial branchial nerves and two somatic cervical nerves was found. At the lateral as well as the medial surface the great auricular nerve prevails. No region with triple innervation was found.
The pathophysiology of migraine: year 2005 (2005)

Migraine is a complex patholophysiology in which both central and peripheral components of the trigeminal pain pathway probably play a significant role, both in the symptoms and signs of the attack and in the mechanisms of action of antimigraine compounds, such as triptans, which constitute the most important therapy for aborting migraine pain and possess several mechanisms on 5-HT receptor-mediated actions. The experimental neurogenic inflammation model represents a simple procedure to obtain preliminary information on well characterized receptortargeted drugs. The apparent paradox observed with certain drugs that are shown to be effective in this model but not in clinical trials offers the opportunity to better manipulate structure-activity to obtain the best pharmacological profile using an array of experimental models. The observation that nitric oxide donors induce migraine-like pain in migraineours and that nitric oxide plays a pivotal role in the control of several functions in the central nervous system, has prompted the use of such molecules for better understanding the pathophysiology of migraine attacks. A link between central and peripheral components of the trigeminal pain pathway is provided by the observation that cortical spreading depression in the rat activates trigeminovascular afferents and induces a series of cortical meningeal and brainstem events consistent with the development of headache. Studies in humans support the hypothesis that cortical spreading depression underlies migraine.aura. Therefore, tt is possible that visual, motor or sensory aura might be responsible for the generation of the pain through the above mechanisms.
Enhancement of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection by cationic liposomes: the role of CD4, serum and liposome-cell interactions (1991)

We have reported previously the enhancement of the infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by liposomes composed of the cationic lipid N-[2,3-(dioleyloxy) propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (DOTMA). To determine the mechanism by which this process occurs, we have investigated the role of CD4, serum concentration and liposome-cell interactions in the DOTMA-mediated stimulation of HIV-1 infection of A3.01 cells. Serum alone significantly inhibited the binding and infectivity of HIV-1, but DOTMA-mediated enhancement of infectivity was more pronounced in the presence of serum than in its absence. HIV-1 binding to cells was increased in the presence of DOTMA liposomes, DEAE-dextran and polybrene, all of which also enhanced infectivity to a similar extent at comparable concentrations. Fluorescence dequenching measurements indicated that DOTMA liposomes fused with HIV-1, but not with cell membranes, in the presence of serum. The enhancing effect of DOTMA liposomes on HIV-1 infectivity was CD4-dependent, and appeared to involve virus-liposome fusion and liposome binding to the cell surface. DOTMA liposomes did not mediate infection of the CD4-K562 and Raji cell lines.
Novel Interparticle Spatial Properties of Hydrogen-Bonding Mediated Nanoparticle Assembly (2002)

Results of an investigation of hydrogen-bonding mediated interparticle assembling and spatial properties from extremely dilute concentrations of the mediation agent are reported. Nanoparticles consisting of highly monodispersed decanethiolate-capped gold nanocrystal cores and α,ω-mercapto-alkanoic acids are highlighted as a model system. The formation of a stable ordered array is demonstrated via manipulating the constituents in solution. Infrared reflection spectroscopy, spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy have been utilized to probe the interparticle structural and spatial properties. A “squeezed” interparticle spatial model involving both hydrogen-bonding at the carboxylic acid groups and cohesive van der Waals interaction through interdigitation of the capping decanethiolate molecules is concluded to be responsible for the interparticle assembling forces. This interparticle spatial property depends on the relative amount of the hydrogen-bonding mediation agent, nanocrystal core size, and size monodispersity. Implications of these findings to the creation of well-defined nanostructures from nanoscale building blocks toward functional nanomaterials are also discussed.
Intervention to improve face to face health education in type II diabetic patients (1995)

Objective: In order to find a tool for helping general practitioners and nurses caring for patients with Non — Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) we tested the hypothesis that doctors’ and nurses’ awareness of their patients’ responses to a questionnaire on disease knowledge and attitudes will improve personal health education of patients with poorly controlled diabetes assessed on the fructosamine levels.Design: Simple blind clinical trial.Setting: A Spanish Health Centre.Participants: A random sample of 140 patients under 70 with uncontrolled NIDDM were randomly allocated to an intervention and to a control group and were followed for a six month period.Intervention: In the intervention group the professionals completed a questionnaire on their patients’ knowledge and attitudes about diabetes during a normal follow-up visit and commented on results with each of them.Main Results: 8 out of 140 patients did not fulfil all the initial requirements and were excluded from the study. 66 were included in the intervention group and the same number in the control one. At the beginning 28.8% of patients included in the intervention group had an acceptable or good metabolic control level while 25.8% of the control group had a good or acceptable metabolic control level. After six months, the nonsignificant differences remain 22.7% in the intervention group and 27.2% in the control one. No significant differences were found in the other variables analysed.Conclusions: The results do not allow us to state that doctors’ and nurses’ awareness of their patients’ answers to a questionnaire on diabetes knowledge and attitudes improves the metabolic control in type II diabetic patients. The influence of this questionnaire in this setting and working system on NIDDM patients metabolic control is imperceptible. The results enhance the validity of data collected in other research projects carried out in general practice with a lack of resources in which patients’ data are collected by the physician himself.
Lantibiotics: biosynthesis, mode of action and applications (1999)

C. van Kraaij, W. M. de Vos, R. J. Siezen and O. P. Kuipers, Nat. Prod. Rep., 1999, 16, 575 DOI: 10.1039/A804531C
Relaxation Processes in a System of Two Spins (1955)

Abragam and Pound's method for the calculation of the longitudinal relaxation time ${T}_{1}$ has been extended to the transverse relaxation time ${T}_{2}$. Explicit calculations have been carried out for a pure dipole-dipole interaction, showing that for an interacting pair of like spins, or for nuclei in paramagnetic solution, ${T}_{1}$ is exactly equal to ${T}_{2}$ in the extreme narrow case. For a pair of interacting unlike spins, it is shown that the longitudinal components of the magnetic moments do not have simple exponential decays. This gives rise to a steady and transient Overhauser effect. The transverse components, however, have in all cases, simple exponential decay defined by a single relaxation time ${T}_{2}$. A set of modified Bloch's equations is found, giving the correct equation of motion of the macroscopic magnetic moments of such a system of pairs of unlike spins.The equality of ${T}_{1}$ and ${T}_{2}$ has been verified in paramagnetic solutions, and a nuclear Overhauser effect has been observed in anhydrous hydrofluoric acid. If one assumes that the extreme narrow case corresponds to the actual motion, the experimental results are not consistent with the picture of a pure dipole-dipole interaction between the hydrogen and fluorine nuclei of a molecule without taking into account the effect of the other molecules.
Transdermal testosterone therapy improves well-being, mood, and sexual function in premenopausal women (2003)

Testosterone therapy improves well-being, mood, and sexual function in premenopausal women with low libido and low testosterone. As a substantial number of women experience diminished sexual interest and well-being during their late reproductive years, further research is warranted to evaluate the benefits and safety of longer-term intervention.
Analysis of dual-mode hydrocarbon scramjet operation at Mach 4-6.5 (2001)

Reynolds averaged Navier ‐Stokes calculations have been performed for a U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory/ Aerospace Propulsion Ofe ce scramjet combustor designed for Mach 4.0 ‐6.5 e ight. The combustor e owpath is unique in that it is entirely free of e ow obstructions with fuel injection from wall-mounted injection ports and e ameholding established by means of a recessed cavity. Calculations were performed at the minimum (Mach 4.0) andmaximum(Mach6.5)e ightdesign conditions.Thecombustoroperatedin dualmodeattheMach4.0condition. The precombustion shock train formed a region of low-momentum/separated e ow adjacent to the combustor side wall. This proved to be a primary source of e ameholding, with the recessed cavity adding additional e ameholding support. The e ow was notthermally choked at theMach 6.5 condition,resulting in very little upstream interaction. The mixing process at the Mach 4.0 e ight condition was considerably more efe cient than that seen at the Mach 6.5 condition, due primarily to the shock-induced e ow distortion and larger residence time. Even with the reduced mixing levels predicted at the Mach 6.5 condition, the combustion efe ciency was comparable to that achieved at the Mach 4.0 condition. The solutions obtained for dual-mode operation were particularly sensitive to choice of turbulence model and values specie ed for the turbulent Prandtl and Schmidt numbers. Overall, the solution sensitivity to grid resolution was small relative to the solution sensitivity to modeling uncertainties.
Neuraminidase Is Important for the Initiation of Influenza Virus Infection in Human Airway Epithelium (2004)

Influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) plays an essential role in release and spread of progeny virions, following the intracellular viral replication cycle. To test whether NA could also facilitate virus entry into cell, we infected cultures of human airway epithelium with human and avian influenza viruses in the presence of the NA inhibitor oseltamivir carboxylate. Twenty- to 500-fold less cells became infected in drug-treated versus nontreated cultures (P < 0.0001) 7 h after virus application, indicating that the drug suppressed the initiation of infection. These data demonstrate that viral NA plays a role early in infection, and they provide further rationale for the prophylactic use of NA inhibitors.
Origin of phenotypes: Genes and transcripts (2007)

While the concept of a gene has been helpful in defining the relationship of a portion of a genome to a phenotype, this traditional term may not be as useful as it once was. Currently, "gene" has come to refer principally to a genomic region producing a polyadenylated mRNA that encodes a protein. However, the recent emergence of a large collection of unannotated transcripts with apparently little protein coding capacity, collectively called transcripts of unknown function (TUFs), has begun to blur the physical boundaries and genomic organization of genic regions with noncoding transcripts often overlapping protein-coding genes on the same (sense) and opposite strand (antisense). Moreover, they are often located in intergenic regions, making the genic portions of the human genome an interleaved network of both annotated polyadenylated and nonpolyadenylated transcripts, including splice variants with novel 5' ends extending hundreds of kilobases. This complex transcriptional organization and other recently observed features of genomes argue for the reconsideration of the term "gene" and suggests that transcripts may be used to define the operational unit of a genome.
Clinically Oriented Anatomy (1985)

Clinically oriented anatomy , Clinically oriented anatomy , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
Performance Characterization of a Real-Time Massive MIMO System With LOS Mobile Channels (2017)

The first measured results for massive multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) performance in a line-of-sight scenario with moderate mobility are presented, with eight users served in real time using a 100-antenna base station at 3.7 GHz. When such a large number of channels dynamically change, the inherent propagation and processing delay has a critical relationship with the rate of change, as the use of outdated channel information can result in severe detection and precoding inaccuracies. For the downlink (DL) in particular, a time-division duplex configuration synonymous with massive MIMO deployments could mean only the uplink (UL) is usable in extreme cases. Therefore, it is of great interest to investigate the impact of mobility on massive MIMO performance and consider ways to combat the potential limitations. In a mobile scenario with moving cars and pedestrians, the massive MIMO channel is sampled across many points in space to build a picture of the overall user orthogonality, and the impact of both azimuth and elevation array configurations are considered. Temporal analysis is also conducted for vehicles moving up to 29 km/h and real-time bit-error rates for both the UL and DL without power control are presented. For a 100-antenna system, it is found that the channel state information update rate requirement may increase by seven times when compared with an eight-antenna system, whilst the power control update rate could be decreased by at least five times relative to a single antenna system.