gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regiospecific Functionalization of 1,3-Dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one and Structurally Related Cyclic Urea Derivatives (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRegiospecific Functionalization of 1,3-Dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one and Structurally Related Cyclic Urea DerivativesNicholas A. Meanwell, Sing Yuen Sit, Jinnian Gao, Henry S. Wong, Qi Gao, Denis R. St. Laurent, and Neelakantan BalasubramanianCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 6, 1565–1582Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00111a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00111a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2052Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Multiple mRNAs encode the murine translation initiation factor eIF-4E (1991)

All eukaryotic cellular mRNAs (except organellar) possess at their 5' end the structure m7GpppX (where X is any nucleotide) termed the "cap." The cap structure facilitates the melting of mRNA 5' secondary structure through the action of initiation factor-4F (eIF-4F) in conjunction with eIF-4B. eIF-4F consists of three subunits of which one, eIF-4E (eIF-4E has recently been designated eIF-4 alpha according to the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry (NC-IUB) (Safer, B. (1989) Eur. J. Biochem. 186, 1-3)), contains the cap binding site. Several lines of evidence suggest that eIF-4E regulates the rate of translation initiation. Consequently, changes in cellular eIF-4E levels could control growth and differentiation. To investigate the possibility that eIF-4E expression is regulated, we studied the pattern of eIF-4E expression in several cell lines. Here, we show the existence of multiple mRNAs for eIF-4E that are generated by differential polyadenylation. In addition, we show tissue-specific differences in eIF-4E mRNA expression and utilization of polyadenylation sites.
The Amino Terminus of Human CCR5 Is Required for Its Function as a Receptor for Diverse Human and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Glycoproteins (1998)

The chemokine receptor CCR5 plays a key role in the CD4-dependent entry of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses into target cells. We have mapped the interaction sites on CCR5 for a number of novel anti-CCR5 monoclonal antibodies and have used these to study the role of the CCR5 N-terminal ectodomain in viral entry and to demonstrate differential CCR5 epitope expression on different cell types. Deletions of the CCR5 amino terminal domain or substitution with equivalent regions from other chemokine receptors did not affect cell surface expression or reactivity with loop-specific antibodies, suggesting that the loop regions remained conformationally intact. Exchanges of the amino terminal segment of CCR5 with the equivalent domains of CCR1, CCR2, and CXCR4 did not significantly affect infection with virus pseudotyped with envelope glycoproteins (Envs) from HIV-2 and SIV, but substitution with the CXCR4 sequence abrogated entry mediated by Env from HIV-1. In contrast, deletion of the amino terminus abrogated CCR5 receptor activity for all viral Envs examined. These data indicate that the amino terminus of CCR5 has an essential role in entry mediated by diverse viral Envs but that the sequence requirements are more relaxed for the HIV-2 and SIV Envs compared to the HIV-1 Env examined. This suggests that different viral Envs make distinct and specific interactions with the amino terminus of CCR5. Viral Env utilization of CCR5 expressed on 293-T cells does not always correlate with the cellular tropism of the virus, and one possible explanation is that Env-accessible interaction sites on CCR5 differ on different cell types. We therefore analyzed binding of several anti-CCR5 monoclonal antibodies to cell lines and primary cells that express this chemokine receptor and found that whereas all antibodies bound to CCR5-transfected 293T cells, several did not bind to PBMC. The results suggest that CCR5 undergoes cell type specific structural modifications which may affect interaction with different HIV and SIV envelope glycoproteins.
Effects of Aromatase Inhibition on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Turnover in Older Men with Low Testosterone Levels (2009)

In older men, aromatase inhibition increases testosterone levels, decreases estradiol levels, and appears to decrease BMD. Aromatase inhibition does not improve skeletal health in aging men with low or low normal testosterone levels.
Induction of caspase-3 protease activity and apoptosis by butyrate and trichostatin A (inhibitors of histone deacetylase): dependence on protein synthesis and synergy with a mitochondrial/cytochrome c-dependent pathway. (1997)

The induction of apoptosis of tumor cells by the colonic fermentation product butyrate is thought to be an important mechanism in protection against colorectal cancer. Because a major action of butyrate is to inhibit histone deacetylase (leading to chromatin relaxation and altered gene expression), butyrate may induce apoptosis by derepression of specific cell death genes. Here we show that butyrate and trichostatin A (a more selective inhibitor of histone deacetylase) induce the same program of apoptosis in Jurkat lymphoid and LIM 1215 colorectal cancer cell lines that is strictly dependent on new protein synthesis (within 10 h) and that leads to the conversion of the proenzyme form of caspase-3 to the catalytically active effector protease (within 16 h) and apoptotic death (within 24 h). Cells primed with a low concentration of butyrate that itself did not induce activation of caspase-3 or apoptosis were, nevertheless, rendered highly susceptible to induction of apoptosis by staurosporine (an agent that has recently been shown to act by causing mitochondrial release of cytochrome c). Synergy between butyrate and staurosporine was due to the presence of a factor in the cytosol of butyrate-primed cells which enhanced over 7-fold the activation of caspase-3 induced by the addition of cytochrome c and dATP to isolated cytosol. We propose that changes at the level of chromatin structure, induced by a physiological substance butyrate, lead to the expression of a protein that facilitates the pathway by which mitochondria activate caspase-3 and trigger apoptotic death of lymphoid and colorectal cancer cells.
Nitrobenzyl mustard quaternary salts: a new class of hypoxia-selective cytotoxins showing very high in vitro selectivity (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNitrobenzyl mustard quaternary salts: a new class of hypoxia-selective cytotoxins showing very high in vitro selectivityMoana Tercel, William R. Wilson, and William A. DennyCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1993, 36, 17, 2578–2579Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00069a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00069a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views215Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Brain activity during transient sadness and happiness in healthy women (1995)

Transient sadness and happiness in healthy volunteer women are accompanied by significant changes in regional brain activity in the limbic system, as well as other brain regions. Transient sadness and happiness affect different brain regions in divergent directions and are not merely opposite activity in identical brain regions. These findings have implications for understanding the neural substrates of both normal and pathological emotion.
CpG Oligonucleotides Are Potent Adjuvants for the Activation of Autoreactive Encephalitogenic T Cells In Vivo (2000)

Abstract The mechanism of action of microbial adjuvants in promoting the differentiation of autoimmune effector cells remains to be elucidated. We demonstrate that CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) can completely substitute for heat-killed mycobacteria in the priming of encephalitogenic myelin-reactive T cells in vivo. The adjuvanticity of the CpG ODN was secondary to their direct ability to induce IL-12 or to act synergistically with endogenous IL-12 to promote Th1 differentiation and encephalitogenicity. T cells primed in the absence of CpG with Ag and IFA alone appeared to be in a transitional state and had not undergone differentiation along a conventional Th pathway. Unlike Th2 cells, they expressed low levels of the IL-12Rβ2 subunit and retained the ability to differentiate into encephalitogenic effectors when reactivated in vitro under Th1-polarizing conditions. These results support the use of CpG ODN as adjuvants but also suggest that they could potentially trigger autoimmune disease in a susceptible individual.
Renal Sympathetic Denervation for the Treatment of Difficult-to-Control or Resistant Hypertension (2011)

Hypertension represents a major health problem with an appalling annual toll. Despite the plethora of antihypertensive drugs, hypertension remains resistant in a considerable number of patients, thus creating the need for alternative strategies, including interventional approaches. Recently, catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation has been shown to be fairly safe and effective in patients with resistant hypertension. Pathophysiology of kidney function, interaction and crosstalk between the kidney and the brain, justifies the use of renal sympathetic denervation in the treatment of hypertension. Data from older studies have shown that sympathectomy has effectively lowered blood pressure and prolonged life expectancy of hypertensive patients, but at considerable cost. Renal sympathetic denervation is devoid of the adverse effects of surgical sympathectomy, due to its localized nature, is minimally invasive, and provides short procedural and recovery times. This paper outlines the pathophysiological background for renal sympathetic denervation, describes the past and the present of this interventional approach, and considers several future potential applications.
Nitric oxide enhances experimental wound healing in diabetes (2002)

The nitric oxide donor molsidomine can at least partially reverse impaired healing associated with diabetes.
Characterization of a High-Virulence US Isolate of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in a Continuous Cell Line, ATCC CRL11171 (1996)

induced arterial diseaseAleutian disease and equine viral arteritis. Adv Cardiol 1 3 :1 81 -1 91 . 1 4 . Huntington PJ, Ellis PM, Forman AJ, Timoney P J: 1 990, Equine viral arteritis. Aust Vet J 67:429-43 1 . 1 5. Johnson B, Baldwin C, Timoney P, Ely R: 1 991 , Arteritis in equine fetuses aborted due to equine viral arteritis. Vet Pathol 2 8:2 48-2 50. 1 6, Jones TC, Doll ER, Bryans JT: 1 957, The lesions of equine viral arteritis. Cornell Vet 57:52 -68. 1 7. MacLachlan NJ: 1 994, The pathogenesis and immunology of bluetongue virus infection of ruminants. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 1 7: 1 97-206. 1 8. McCollum WH, Prickett ME, Bryan JT: 1 971 , Temporal distribution of equine arteritis virus in respiratory mucosa, tissues and body fluids of horses infected by inhalation. Res Vet Sci 1 2 :459-464. 1 9. Meulenberg JJM, Hulst MM, de Meijer EJ, et al.: 1 994, Lelystad virus belongs to a new family, comprising lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus, equine arteritis virus, and simian hemorrhagic fever virus. Arch Virol (Suppl) 9:441 -448. 20. Monreal L, Villatoro AJ, Hooghuis H, et al.: 1 995, Clinical features of the 1 992 outbreak of equine viral arteritis in Spain. Equine Vet J 2 7:301 -304. 2 1 . Plagemann PGW, Moennig V: 1 991 , Lactate dehydrogenase elevating virus, equine arteritis virus, and simian hemorrhagic fever virus: a new group of positive strand RNA viruses. Adv Virus Res 41 :99-1 92 . 2 2 . Reed LJ, Muench H: 1 938, A simple method of estimating fifty percent endpoints. Am J Hyg 27:493 -497. 2 3 . Timoney PJ, McCollum WH: 1 991 , Equine viral arteritis virus: current clinical and economic significance. Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract 36:403 -409. 24. Timoney PJ, McCollum WH: 1 993 , Equine viral arteritis. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 9:295-309. 25. Vaala WE, Hamir AN, Dubovi EJ, et al.: 1 992 , Fatal, congenitally acquired infection with equine arteritis virus in a neonatal Thoroughbred. Equine Vet J 2 4:1 55-1 58. 26. Wada R, Kondo T, Fukunaga Y, Kanemaru T: 1 994, Histopathological and immunofluorescent studies on the uterus of aborted mares experimentally infected with equine arteritis virus. J Equine Sci 5:41 -43 . 27. Wood JLN, Chimside ED, Mumford JA, Higgins AJ: 1 995, First recorded outbreak of equine viral arteritis in the United Kingdom. Vet Rec 1 36:381 -385. 28. Zaki SR, Greer PW, Coffield LM, et al.: 1 995, Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Am J Pathol 1 46:552 -579.
An Introduction to QSAR Methodology (2015)

Drug design is an iterative process which begins with a compound that displays an interesting biological profile and ends with optimizing both the activity profile for the molecule and its chemical synthesis. The process is initiated when the chemist conceives a hypothesis which relates the chemical features of the molecule (or series of molecules) to the biological activity. Without a detailed understanding of the biochemical process(es) responsible for activity, the hypothesis generally is refined by examining structural similarities and differences for active and inactive molecules. Compounds are selected for synthesis which maximize the presence of functional groups or features believed to be responsible for activity.
A cosmetic ‘anti-ageing’ product improves photoaged skin: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial (2009)

An over-the-counter cosmetic 'anti-ageing' product demonstrated clear benefit over vehicle in fibrillin-1 deposition over a 6-month trial period. There was a corresponding but non-significant trend towards clinical improvement in facial wrinkles. Clinical improvements in the treated group were increased after a further 6-months of use. This study demonstrates that a cosmetic may improve the appearance of wrinkles and further supports the use of fibrillin-1 as a robust biomarker for repair of photoaged dermis.
Immobilization of acetylcholinesterase and choline oxidase in/on pHEMA membrane for biosensor construction (2001)

In this study, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline oxidase (ChO) were co-immobilized on poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) membranes with the aim of using them in biosensor construction. pHEMA membranes were prepared with the addition of different salts in different HEMA: aqueous solution ratios and characterized in terms of porosity, thickness. permeability, and mechanical properties. Membranes prepared in the presence of SnCl4 were found to be superior in terms of porosity and permeability and were chosen as the immobilization matrix. Immobilization of the enzymes was achieved both by entrapment and surface attachment via epichlorohydrin (Epi) and Cibacron Blue F36A (CB) activation. The effect of immobilization on enzyme activity was evaluated by the comparison of Km and Vmax values for the free and immobilized bi-enzyme systems. The increase in Km was negligible (1.08-fold) for the bi-enzyme system upon immobilization on surface but was 2.12-fold upon entrapment. Specific activity of the free enzyme system was found to be 0.306 mV s(-1) microg(-1) ChO while it was 0.069 (4.43-fold decrease) for entrapped and 0.198 (1.54 fold decrease) for CB-Epi immobilized enzymes. The performance of immobilized enzymes in different buffer types, pH, and temperature conditions were evaluated. The best enzyme activity was obtained at pH 9.0. Activity of the enzymes was found to increase with increasing temperature (in the range 25-40 degrees C).
Improved Procedure for Determination of Serum Lipid-Associated Sialic Acid: Application for Early Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer (1988)

We have developed a simple and reliable procedure for determining serum levels of lipid-associated sialic acid (LASA) in crude preparations. This method extracts essentially all gangliosides, excludes glycoprotein-bound sialic acid, and gives LASA values (0.5-1.0 mg/dL) in good agreement with values for isolated serum gangliosides. The procedure was used to determine serum levels of LASA in patients with colorectal cancer, in patients with nonmalignant diseases (pathological control subjects), and in normal control subjects. The results indicated that the percentages of total sialic acid (TSA) comprised by LASA (LASA/TSA X 100) were elevated in patients with the earliest stages of colorectal cancer, compared with percentages in normal control subjects (P less than .001) and pathological control subjects (P less than .01).
Psychologic Distress and Natural Menopause: A Multiethnic Community Study (2001)

Psychologic distress is associated with irregular menses in midlife. It is important to determine whether distress is linked to alterations in hormone levels and to what extent a mood-hormone relationship may be influenced by socioeconomic and cultural factors.
NASA Home page (1995)

NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center has a new Internet World Wide Web home page designed to inform the public about NASA activities. Home page sections include Goddard missions, space sciences, Earth sciences, Goddard organizations, the newsroom, public services and information, and education. The home page is available at URL: http://pao.gsfc.nasa.gov/gsfc.html.
Changes in satellite cells in human skeletal muscle after a single bout of high intensity exercise (2004)

No studies to date have reported activation of satellite cells in vivo in human muscle after a single bout of high intensity exercise. In this investigation, eight individuals performed a single bout of high intensity exercise with one leg, the contralateral leg being the control. A significant increase in mononuclear cells staining for the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) and fetal antigen 1 (FA1) were observed within the exercised human vastus lateralis muscle on days 4 and 8 post exercise. In addition, a significant increase in the concentration of the FA1 protein was determined in intramuscular dialysate samples taken from the vastus lateralis muscle of the exercising leg (day 0: 1.89 +/- 0.82 ng ml(-1); day 2: 1.68 +/- 0.37 ng ml(-1); day 4: 3.26 +/- 1.29 ng ml(-1), P < 0.05 versus basal; day 8: 4.68 +/- 2.06 ng ml(-1), P < 0.05 versus basal and control). No change was noted in the control leg. Despite this increase in N-CAM- and FA1-positive mononuclear cells, an increased expression of myogenin and the neonatal isoform of the myosin heavy chain (MHCn) was not observed. Interestingly, myofibre lesions resulting from extensive damage to the proteins within the myofibre, particularly desmin or dystrophin, were not observed, and hence did not appear to induce the expression of either N-CAM or FA1. We therefore propose that satellite cells can be induced to re-enter the cell growth cycle after a single bout of unaccustomed high intensity exercise. However, a single bout of exercise is not sufficient for the satellite cell to undergo terminal differentiation.
Expression profile and specific network features of the apoptotic machinery explain relapse of acute myeloid leukemia after chemotherapy (2010)

AM genes represent critical nodes for the proper execution of cell death following pharmacological induction in patients. We propose that their dysregulation (either due to inborn or de novo genomic mutations selected by treatment) could cause a relapse in apparent CR AML patients. Based on this, AM profiling before chemotherapy and transplantation could identify patients with a predisposing genotype to MRD and relapse: accordingly, they should undergo a different, specifically tailored, therapeutic regimen and should be carefully checked during the post-treatment period.
Rolling Circle Translation of Circular RNA in Living Human Cells (2015)

We recently reported that circular RNA is efficiently translated by a rolling circle amplification (RCA) mechanism in a cell-free Escherichia coli translation system. Recent studies have shown that circular RNAs composed of exonic sequences are abundant in human cells. However, whether these circular RNAs can be translated into proteins within cells remains unclear. In this study, we prepared circular RNAs with an infinite open reading frame and tested their translation in eukaryotic systems. Circular RNAs were translated into long proteins in rabbit reticulocyte lysate in the absence of any particular element for internal ribosome entry, a poly-A tail, or a cap structure. The translation systems in eukaryote can accept much simpler RNA as a template for protein synthesis by cyclisation. Here, we demonstrated that the circular RNA is efficiently translated in living human cells to produce abundant protein product by RCA mechanism. These findings suggest that translation of exonic circular RNAs present in human cells is more probable than previously thought.
Effect of site-specific modification on restriction endonucleases and DNA modification methyltransferases (1994)

Restriction endonucleases have site-specific interactions with DNA that can often be inhibited by site-specific DNA methylation and other site-specific DNA modifications. However, such inhibition cannot generally be predicted. The empirically acquired data on these effects are tabulated for over 320 restriction endonucleases. In addition, a table of known site-specific DNA modification methyltransferases and their specificities is presented along with EMBL database accession numbers for cloned genes.