gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dasatinib improves insulin sensitivity and affects lipid metabolism in a patient with chronic myeloid leukaemia (2016)

A 65-year-old woman had been visiting our department for the treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus since December 2012. Her glycated haemoglobin levels were well controlled (≈5.8% (40 mmol/mol)) by metformin (500 mg). In July 2014, her white cell count increased suddenly to 33 530 cells/μL and she was diagnosed with Ph+ chronic myeloid leukaemia. She was started on dasatinib (100 mg), which immediately normalised plasma levels of WCC. Dasatinib improved the glycaemic index to <6.0% and also improved plasma levels of triglycerides (TGs) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c). Levels of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were increased but remained within the normal range. The TG:HDL-c ratio and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index rapidly improved. Followed by an improvement in insulin sensitivity, plasma levels of adiponectin and leptin were increased. This case study suggests that dasatinib might have positive as well as negative effects on the metabolism of glucose and lipids.
Rosacea: where are we now? (2004)

Advances continue to be made in the classification and treatment of rosacea, a chronic dermatologic syndrome. A new empiric classification system identifies 4 rosacea subtypes (erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous, and ocular) that may aid in more precise diagnosis. Several new therapies have recently been approved for treatment of rosacea. Azelaic acid 15% gel is a new first-tier topical agent proven effective in reducing inflammatory lesions and erythema. New formulations of metronidazole and sulfacetamide 10%/sulfur 5% that offer cosmetic or tolerability advantages are now available. Intense pulsed light therapy has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing flushing, erythema, and telangiectases, with greater tolerability than existing laser systems. Other treatments under investigation include low-dose doxycycline hyclate (which may provide greater safety than existing oral antibiotics), benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin gel, and tacrolimus ointment (for steroid-induced rosacea). With this expanded armamentarium of medical and light-based therapies, clinicians can now implement a multifaceted approach to treatment, crafting new treatment combinations to address the unique and evolving features of rosacea in each individual patient.
Microliposuction and Autologous Fat Transplantation for Aesthetic Enhancement of the Aging Face (1990)

The accumulation of subcutaneous fat that occurs with age in certain areas of the face, ie, heavy melolabial folds, prominent jowl formation, and accumulation of fat under the chin, can make a person look older than he or she is. Removal of fat from these areas by microliposuction can enhance and rejuvenate the aging face. Similarly, fat loss in certain facial areas due to aging can result in hollow cheeks and deep grooves in the face. Its replacement through autologous fat transplantation can also rejuvenate the aging face, giving it a less angular, more rounded appearance.
Activation of fibroblast collagenase-1 expression by tumor cells of squamous cell carcinomas is mediated by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase-2. (2000)

Collagenase-1 [matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1] is expressed by stromal fibroblasts of various invasive malignant tumors. Here, we have examined the molecular mechanisms of tumor-induced expression of MMP-1 by stromal fibroblasts. Treatment of fibroblasts with conditioned media of tumor cells derived from squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the oral cavity and larynx resulted in activation of fibroblast MMP-1 expression at the transcriptional level. The induction of MMP-1 expression correlates with activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphorylation of c-Jun and activating transcription factor-2 (ATF-2) and is dependent on the activity of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Furthermore, using fibroblasts derived from JNK2-/- mice, we show that JNK2 is required for induction of fibroblast collagenase-3 expression in response to conditioned SCC tumor cell medium. Together, these results provide evidence that stress-activated p38 and JNK pathways play a crucial role in paracrine regulation of collagenolytic capacity of stromal fibroblasts in SCCs and suggest JNK2 as a novel target for inhibition of MMP-1 expression and tumor invasion.
Oral Ketamine in Treatment-Resistant Depression (2017)

Although this case series found oral ketamine to be safe and well tolerated, the findings also showed rather modest effectiveness of oral ketamine in treatment-resistant depression, with only approximately 30% reporting some benefit and approximately 70% reporting no change or worsening of mood. However, bearing in mind the limitations of this small, open-label case series, further exploration of the effectiveness of oral ketamine is warranted.
Eplerenone, a Selective Aldosterone Blocker, in Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction after Myocardial Infarction (2003)

The addition of eplerenone to optimal medical therapy reduces morbidity and mortality among patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure.
CNN architectures for large-scale audio classification (2017)

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have proven very effective in image classification and show promise for audio. We use various CNN architectures to classify the soundtracks of a dataset of 70M training videos (5.24 million hours) with 30,871 video-level labels. We examine fully connected Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), AlexNet [1], VGG [2], Inception [3], and ResNet [4]. We investigate varying the size of both training set and label vocabulary, finding that analogs of the CNNs used in image classification do well on our audio classification task, and larger training and label sets help up to a point. A model using embeddings from these classifiers does much better than raw features on the Audio Set [5] Acoustic Event Detection (AED) classification task.
Evidence-based lifestyle interventions in the workplace--an overview (2013)

Workplace health promotion interventions may improve physical activity, dietary behaviour and healthy weight. There is no evidence of increased efficacy associated with specific intervention types. Workplace health promotion should focus on either physical activity or weight or nutrition behaviour to maximize effectiveness. Best evidence is available for multi-component interventions.
A Multichannel Sinusoidal Model Applied to Spot Microphone Signals for Immersive Audio (2009)

In this paper, a multichannel version of the sinusoids plus noise model (also known as deterministic plus stochastic decomposition) is proposed and applied to spot microphone signals of a music recording. These are the recordings captured by the various microphones placed in a venue, before the mixing process produces the final multichannel audio mix. Coding these microphone signals makes them available to the decoder, allowing for interactive audio reproduction which is a necessary component in immersive audio applications. The proposed model uses a single reference audio signal in order to derive a noise signal per spot microphone. This noise signal can significantly enhance the sinusoidal representation of the corresponding spot signal. The reference can be one of the spot signals or a downmix, depending on the application. Thus, for a collection of multiple spot signals, only the reference is fully encoded (e.g., as an MP3 monophonic signal). For the remaining spot signals, their sinusoidal parameters and corresponding noise spectral envelopes are retained and coded, resulting in bitrates for this side information in the order of 15 kb/s for perceptual performance above the 4.0 grade on the mean opinion score (MOS) scale.
Evidence for a 3-O-sulfated D-glucosamine residue in the antithrombin-binding sequence of heparin. (1980)

An octasaccharide with high affinity for antithrombin was isolated after partial deaminative cleavage of heparin with nitrous acid. After conversion of the 2,5-anhydro-D-mannose end group to anhydro[1-3H]mannitol, labeled pentasaccharide was released from the octasaccharide by periodate-alkali treatment. Incubation of the pentasaccharide with a recently discovered 3,O-sulfatase from human urine resulted in desulfation, suggesting the occurrence of a 3-sulfate group on the terminal glucosamine residue. The same glucosamine residue was recovered as a 2,5-anhydro[1-3H]mannitol derivative by a procedure involving deamination of the octasaccharide with nitrous acid, reduction of the products with sodium boro[3H]hydride, isolation of 3H-labeled tetrasaccharide by gel chromatography, and release of the labeled end-group by periodate-alkali treatment. Paper electrophoresis indicated disulfated anhydro[3H]mannitol, presumably sulfated at C3 and C6, as a major component, along with smaller amounts of monosulfated (presumably 3-sulfated) anhydro[3H]mannitol. Similar treatment of an analogous tetrasaccharide derived from heparin with low affinity for antithrombin failed to produce any disulfated anhydromannitol. These results suggest that 3-sulfated glucosamine is a unique component of high-affinity heparin, located at a specific position in the antithrombin-binding sequence of the molecule.
Induction and Rejoining of DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Chinese Hamster V79-4 Cells Irradiated with Characteristic Aluminum K and Copper L Ultrasoft X Rays (1997)

Characteristic aluminum K (AlK) (energy of 1.5 keV) and copper L (CuL) (energy of approximately 0.96 keV) ultrasoft X rays have been used to investigate the effectiveness of the numerous low-energy secondary electrons produced by low-linear energy transfer (LET) ionizing radiation. Cellular inactivation and induction and rejoining of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in Chinese hamster V79-4 cells irradiated as monolayers with these ultrasoft X radiations have been studied under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The mean cell thickness, determined by confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy, was used to calculate the mean dose to the nucleus of the irradiated cells. Relative to 60Co gamma rays, the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for cellular inactivation at 10% survival is 1.7 +/- 0.1 and 2.3 +/- 0.3 for AIK and CuL ultrasoft X rays, respectively. The RBE values for induction of DSBs of 2.5 +/- 0.2 and 3.0 +/- 0.3 for AlK and CuL X rays, respectively, were determined after irradiation at 277 K using the technique of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Induction of DSBs is linearly dependent on dose. Oxygen enhancement ratios of 1.9 and 2.1 for cellular inactivation and DSB induction, respectively, were obtained with AIK X rays. These values are less than those for 60Co gamma radiation. The repair kinetics for rejoining of DSBs after a dose of 15 Gy is similar for both X-ray energies and 60Co gamma rays with a first half-life of 18-22 +/- 5 min. From these studies, it is suggested that induction of DSBs by low-LET radiations such as 60Co gamma rays reflects clustered damage produced predominantly by low-energy electron "track ends," which represent about 30% of the total dose.
Use of Advanced Machine-Learning Techniques for Noninvasive Monitoring of Hemorrhage (2011)

Background: Hemorrhagic shock is a leading cause of death in both civilian and battlefield trauma. Currently available medical monitors provide measures of standard vital signs that are insensitive and nonspecific. More important, hypotension and other signs and symptoms of shock can appear when it may be too late to apply effective life-saving interventions. The resulting challenge is that early diagnosis is difficult because hemorrhagic shock is first recognized by late-responding vital signs and symptoms. The purpose of these experiments was to test the hypothesis that state-of-the-art machine-learning techniques, when integrated with novel non-invasive monitoring technologies, could detect early indicators of blood volume loss and impending circulatory failure in conscious, healthy humans who experience reduced central blood volume. Methods: Humans were exposed to progressive reductions in central blood volume using lower body negative pressure as a model of hemorrhage until the onset of hemodynamic decompensation. Continuous, noninvasively measured hemodynamic signals were used for the development of machine-learning algorithms. Accuracy estimates were obtained by building models using signals from all but one subject and testing on that subject. This process was repeated, each time using a different subject. Results: The model was 96.5% accurate in predicting the estimated amount of reduced central blood volume, and the correlation between predicted and actual lower body negative pressure level for hemodynamic decompensation was 0.89. Conclusions: Machine modeling can accurately identify reduced central blood volume and predict impending hemodynamic decompensation (shock onset) in individuals. Such a capability can provide decision support for earlier intervention.
Estudio de biodisponibilidad de una prodroga de furosemida en humanos (1993)

Se realizó un estudio preliminar de biodisponibilidad de furosemida vs. una prodroga de furosemida: 4-cloro-N-furfuril-5-sulfamoilantranilato de acetiloxi- metilo, en seis voluntarios sanos, a través de un diseño aleatorio, cruzado y compensado. Se monitoreó por un lapso de 24 horas, los niveles de Furosemida en orina por Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Resolución (HPLC). Se calculó el porcentaje acumulado de la dosis de furosemida recuperada en orina al cabo de las 24 hs.(%E24), las constantes cinéticas de eliminación (&amp;#946;) y de absorción (Ka), y el tiempo para la velocidad máxima de excreción de furosemida (T&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;). Se analizó estadísticamente cada parámetro mediante el test t-Student para series apareadas, previa verificación de normalidad en la distribución de cada serie y homogeneidad de varianzas
Development of a novel strategy for engineering high-affinity proteins by yeast display (2006)

Yeast display provides a system for engineering high-affinity proteins using a fluorescent-labeled ligand and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). In cases where it is difficult to obtain purified ligands, or to access FACS instrumentation, an alternative selection strategy would be useful. Here we show that yeast expressing high-affinity proteins against a mammalian cell surface ligand could be rapidly selected by density centrifugation. Yeast cell-mammalian cell conjugates were retained at the density interface, separated from unbound yeast. High-affinity T cell receptors (TCRs) displayed on yeast were isolated using antigen presenting cells that expressed TCR ligands, peptides bound to products of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The procedure yielded 1000-fold enrichments, in a single centrifugation, of yeast displaying high-affinity TCRs. We defined the affinity limits of the method and isolated high-affinity TCR mutants against peptide variants that differed by only a single residue. The approach was applied to TCRs specific for class I or class II MHC, an important finding since peptide-class II MHC ligands have been particularly difficult to purify. As yeast display has also been used previously to identify antigen-specific antibodies, the method should be applicable to the selection of antibodies, as well as TCRs, with high-affinity for tumor cell-surface antigens.
Enzyme Replacement in Fabry's Disease, an Inborn Error of Metabolism (1970)

Two patients with Fabry's disease were infused with normal plasma to provide active enzyme (ceramide trihexosidase) for hydrolysis of the plasma substrate, galactosylgalactosylglucosylceramide. Maximum ceramide trihexosidase activity occurred 6 hours after infusion of the plasma, attaining a level approximately 150 percent of that in normal plasma; enzymatic activity was detectable for 7 days. The amount of accumulated substrate in the plasma of these recipients decreased about 50 percent on day 10 after infusion. Thus, periodic replacement of ceramide trihexosidase activity in the plasma of patients with Fabry's disease might lead to consistently lower amounts of substrate in the plasma and a decrease in its rate of accumulation in tissues.
Information Extraction via Double Classification (2003)

Information Extraction is concerned with extracting relevant information from a (collection of) documents. We propose an approach consisting of two classification-based machine learning loops. In a first loop we look for the relevant sentences in a document. In the second loop, we perform a word-level classification. We test the system on the Software Jobs corpus and we do an extensive evaluation in which we discuss the influence of the di#erent parameters. Furthermore we show that the type of evaluation method has an important influence on the results.
Cell‐mediated responses to tumour xenografts in mice (1972)

Abstract A micro‐cytotoxic assay has been used to follow the course of the cell‐mediated response to a tumour xenograft in normal and ALS‐treated mice. In normal mice a peak response was seen at day 10 in both lymph nodes and spleen. Further peaks of cytotoxic activity were seen at days 18 and 42 in the spleen. In ALS‐treated mice, in which the tumour grew progressively, the response was slightly delayed in both lymph nodes and spleen. Subsequently 10 out of 12 mice bearing progressively growing tumours, tested at times up to 83 days after tumour grafting, showed immunity in either lymph nodes, spleen or both.
Role of interaction of CD2 molecules with lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 in T-cell recognition of nominal antigen. (1990)

The role of the interaction of CD2 molecules with lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 (LFA-3) in facilitating nominal antigen recognition by T lymphocytes was studied by utilizing an HLA-DR4-restricted CD4+ cytotoxic human T-cell clone specific for human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein gp120 as a responder and murine fibroblasts transfected with human class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and/or human LFA-3 molecules as antigen-presenting cells (APC). Although expression of the DR4 restriction element in fibroblasts is sufficient for T-cell recognition of a gp120 peptide as judged by induction of proliferation coexpression of human LFA-3 on DR4+ APC decreases the molar requirement of nominal antigen by greater than one order of magnitude. Both LFA-3 and the relevant class II MHC molecules are necessary for antigen-independent conjugate formation, but the binding is further enhanced by specific nominal antigen. CD2-LFA-3 interaction is independent of T-cell receptor-MHC interaction and contributes directly to the stabilized conjugate between the T cell and LFA-3-bearing APC; soluble CD2 and monoclonal antibodies to LFA-3 and CD2 reduce T-cell-APC binding to the level mediated by nominal antigen and MHC. During conjugate formation, CD2 but not CD3 molecules are reorganized into the cell-cell interaction site in an antigen-independent manner. Thus, reorganization and/or coassociation of CD2 with CD3 molecules is not essential for T-cell activation.
Planar Fresnel lens photoimprinted in a germanium-doped silica optical waveguide (1995)

A gradient-thickness Fresnel lens was photoimprinted in the germanium-doped core layer of a single-mode planar waveguide on silica by exposure to ultraviolet light through a mask, which increases the refractive index in the lens region by approximately 5 x 10(-3). The lens is used to collimate the output of a standard single-mode optical fiber butt coupled to the waveguide at a wavelength of 1.3 microm. The method is applicable to the mass production of complex diffractive elements in a planar waveguide geometry.
Involvement of Retinoic Acid Receptor-α–Mediated Signaling Pathway in Induction of CD38 Cell-Surface Antigen (1997)

Human leukocyte antigen CD38, a 45-kD single-chain, transmembrane glycoprotein, is a bifunctional ectoenzyme that participates in signal transduction pathways involved in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. In this study, we demonstrate the nature of retinoid receptors involved in retinoic acid–induced expression of CD38 protein in the human myeloblastic leukemia cell line HL-60. We used a variant HL-60 cell line, HL-60R, in which retinoid receptor function has been abrogated by a trans-dominant negative mutation. We introduced the normal retinoic acid receptors (RAR)-α, -β, and -γ or retinoid X receptor (RXR)-α into HL-60R cells by retroviral vector-mediated gene transfer. Based on experiments using these cell lines and receptor-specific synthetic retinoids that preferentially bind to one of the RARs or RXRs, we conclude that RAR-α is involved in retinoid-induced CD38 expression in HL-60 cells. Further evidence included our demonstration that blocking of RAR-α with the antagonist Ro 41-5253 completely suppressed the retinoid-induced expression of CD38 mRNA transcript and the production of CD38 protein in HL-60 cells. Various tissues from transgenic mice that expressed an antisense construct of RAR-α lacked or produced very low levels of CD38. As expected, the tissues from transgenic mice contained 50% to 80% reduced levels of RAR-α. These results suggest that regulation of CD38 expression, both in vitro and in vivo, is under the direct control of RAR-α retinoid receptors.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Starlike Poly(n-butyl acrylate)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) Block Copolymers (2010)

A series of 10- and 20-arm starlike block copolymers containing inner soft poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PBA) block and outer hard poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) block were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Short macroinitiators for preparation of starlike copolymers, poly(2-bromoisobutyryloxyethyl acrylate) (PBiBEA) with degree of polymerization DP = 10 and 20, was prepared by ATRP of trimethylsilyloxyethyl acrylate (HEATMS) and subsequently esterified. Partial star coupling during the star extension with PMMA blocks was observed, and the coupling increased with increasing number of arms and arm length. Phase-separated morphologies of cylindrical hard PMMA block domains arranged in the soft PBA matrix were observed by atomic force microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering. The mechanical and thermal properties of the copolymers were also thoroughly characterized, and their thermoplastic elastomer behavior was studied. Tensile strength of the starlike copolymers was considerably higher compared to linear and three-arm stars with similar compositions.
Short locked nucleic acid antisense oligonucleotides potently reduce apolipoprotein B mRNA and serum cholesterol in mice and non-human primates (2010)

The potency and specificity of locked nucleic acid (LNA) antisense oligonucleotides was investigated as a function of length and affinity. The oligonucleotides were designed to target apolipoprotein B (apoB) and were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. The high affinity of LNA enabled the design of short antisense oligonucleotides (12- to 13-mers) that possessed high affinity and increased potency both in vitro and in vivo compared to longer oligonucleotides. The short LNA oligonucleotides were more target specific, and they exhibited the same biodistribution and tissue half-life as longer oligonucleotides. Pharmacology studies in both mice and non-human primates were conducted with a 13-mer LNA oligonucleotide against apoB, and the data showed that repeated dosing of the 13-mer at 1-2 mg/kg/week was sufficient to provide a significant and long lasting lowering of non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol without increasing serum liver toxicity markers. The data presented here show that oligonucleotide length as a parameter needs to be considered in the design of antisense oligonucleotide and that potent short oligonucleotides with sufficient target affinity can be generated using the LNA chemistry. Conclusively, we present a 13-mer LNA oligonucleotide with therapeutic potential that produce beneficial cholesterol lowering effect in non-human primates.