gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy rates in cattle with cryopreserved sexed spermatozoa: effects of laser intensity, staining conditions and catalase (2007)

The overall aim of this research was to improve fertility of cattle inseminated with sexed spermatozoa by improving sperm sorting procedures. Six field trials were conducted in which 4,264 heifers were inseminated into the uterine body with cryopreserved sexed or unsexed control spermatozoa. Pregnancy or calving rates with doses of 2 x 10(6) sexed spermatozoa ranged from 32 to 51%; these averaged 69% of the pregnancy rates with 20 x 10(6) unsexed, control spermatozoa (range 53 to 79% of controls). Fertility of sexed spermatozoa was especially low on farms where control fertility was low. Accuracy of sexing ranged from 86 to 91%. Laser power of 150 mW for interrogating spermatozoa did not result in lower pregnancy rates (43%) than when power was decreased as much as possible for a particular sorting batch (50 to 130 mW) to still achieve sexing accuracy (38% pregnant). Addition of catalase to fluids containing spermatozoa was beneficial when thawed spermatozoa were incubated in vitro for 2 h but had no effect on pregnancy rates. There also was no effect on pregnancy rates between two concentrations of Hoechst 33342 for staining spermatozoa. Freezing 2 x 10(6) sexed spermatozoa at 20 x 10(6)/ml resulted in a slightly higher rate of pregnancy (P < 0.05) than at 10 x 10(6)/ml. The information obtained in these trials, along with other improvements, notably lowering pressure in the sorting system from 50 to 40 psi, has been used to improve procedures for sexing spermatozoa commercially.
Nanopore-based kinetics analysis of individual antibody-channel and antibody-antigen interactions (2007)

Nanopore-based approaches may eventually provide a direct analysis of the complex conformational "negotiations" that occur upon binding between proteins.
Force at a Point in the Interior of a Semi-Infinite Solid (1936)

A solution of the three-dimensional elasticity equations for a homogeneous isotropic solid is given for the case of a concentrated force acting in the interior of a semi-infinite solid. This represents the fundamental solution having a singular point in a solid bounded by a plane. From it may be derived, by a known method of synthesis, the solutions for the semi-infinite solid which correspond to the solutions known as nuclei of strain in the solid of indefinite extent.
Image mosaicing for tele-reality applications (2002)

This paper presents some techniques for automatically deriving realistic 2-D scenes and 3-D geometric models from video sequences. These techniques can be used to build environments and 3-D models for virtual reality application based on recreating a true scene, i.e., tele-reality applications. The fundamental technique used in this paper is image mosaicing, i.e., the automatic alignment of multiple images into larger aggregates which are then used to represent portions of a 3-D scene. The paper first examines the easiest problems, those of flat scene and panoramic scene mosaicing. It then progresses to more complicated scenes with depth, and concludes with full 3-D models. The paper also discusses a number of novel applications based on tele-reality technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Analysis of Renal Oncocytoma Reveals Frequent Loss of Chromosomes Y and 1 (1996)

Our results confirm that loss of chromosomes Y and 1 is common in renal oncocytoma, and that the alterations are probably involved in the pathogenesis of this tumor.
Spin Diffusion Measurements: Spin Echoes in the Presence of a Time-Dependent Field Gradient (1965)

A derivation is given of the effect of a time-dependent magnetic field gradient on the spin-echo experiment, particularly in the presence of spin diffusion. There are several reasons for preferring certain kinds of time-dependent magnetic field gradients to the more usual steady gradient. If the gradient is reduced during the rf pulses, H1 need not be particularly large; if the gradient is small at the time of the echo, the echo will be broad and its amplitude easy to measure. Both of these relaxations of restrictions on the measurement of diffusion coefficients by the spin-echo technique serve to extend its range of applicability. Furthermore, a pulsed gradient can be recommended when it is critical to define the precise time period over which diffusion is being measured. The theoretical expression derived has been verified experimentally for several choices of time dependent magnetic field gradient. An apparatus is described suitable for the production of pulsed gradients with amplitudes as large as 100 G cm−1. The diffusion coefficient of dry glycerol at 26°±1°C has been found to be (2.5±0.2)×10−8 cm2 sec−1, a value smaller than can ordinarily be measured by the steady gradient method.
Reaction of N-aryl- and imidoyl-sulphimides with diphenylcyclopropenone; synthesis of 4-pyrimidones (1975)

SS-Dimethylsulphimides have been prepared from aniline, 4-chloroaniline, 2-aminopyridine, 2-aminopyrimidine and its 3,5-dimethyl derivative, N-phenylbenzamidine, and 2-aminobenzoxazole. The sulphimides all react readily with diphenylcyclopropenone, with elimination of dimethyl sulphide. The products from the N-arylsulphimides are amides [(2) and (3)]; the other sulphimides give 4-pyrimidone derivatives [(6a), (8), (11), and (12)]. The assignment of structure (6a) to the adduct from SS-dimethyl-N-2-pyridylsulphimide and diphenylcyclopropenone is supported by a study of the effect of added shift reagent [Eu(fod)3] on the n.m.r. spectrum. An analogous adduct (6b) is formed by the reaction of this sulphide with diphenylcyclopropenethione.
Regulatory Role of C5a on Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Release from Neutrophils (2004)

There is evidence that C5a and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) both play important roles in experimental sepsis. Humans with sepsis also show elevated levels of both mediators in the blood. Regulation of MIF during sepsis is poorly understood. We now demonstrate that neutrophil depletion greatly reduced serum MIF levels in rats and mice during the onset of sepsis after cecal ligation and puncture. In vitro, C5a induced MIF release from rat and mouse neutrophils. In vivo blockade of C5aR or absence of C5aR led to significantly reduced MIF generation during the onset of sepsis. C5a-induced release in vitro of MIF from neutrophils appeared to be due to up-regulation of MIF in cytoplasmic granules of neutrophils via activation of the protein kinase B signaling pathway together with involvement of PI3K. Our data suggest that C5a plays a role in enhancing MIF release from neutrophils in vitro and during sepsis. These findings represent a previously unrecognized function of C5a and neutrophils in the appearance of MIF in sepsis.
Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamaah: Satu Pengenalan (1997)

Abstract This article tries to introduce ahl al-Sunnah Wa al-Jamaah by referring to its defiliation, background and principle.
Copurification and characterization of deacetoxycephalosporin C synthetase/hydroxylase from Cephalosporium acremonium (1987)

Deacetoxycephalosporin C synthetase (expandase), which catalyzes ring expansion of penicillin N to deacetoxycephalosporin C (DAOC), has been stabilized in vitro and purified to near homogeneity from the industrially important fungus Cephalosporium acremonium. Throughout the purification, the expandase activity remained physically associated with and in a constant ratio of 7:1 to DAOC hydroxylase activity. The latter activity mediates hydroxylation of DAOC to deacetylcephalosporin C (DAC). The copurified expandase/hydroxylase appeared to be monomeric, with a molecular weight of 41,000 +/- 2,000 and an isoelectric point of 6.3 +/- 0.3. Both catalytic activities required alpha-ketoglutarate, Fe2+, and O2 and were stimulated by ascorbate, dithiothreitol, and ATP. The Fe2+ requirement was specific, and sulfhydryl groups in the purified protein were apparently essential for both ring expansion and hydroxylation. The kinetics and stoichiometry of DAOC/DAC formation from the expandase/hydroxylase-catalyzed reactions suggested that ring expansion of penicillin N preceded hydroxylation of DAOC.
Common and disorder-specific neural responses to emotional faces in generalised anxiety, social anxiety and panic disorders (2015)

These preliminary results highlight a common neural basis for clinical anxiety in these diagnoses and also suggest the presence of disorder-specific dysfunction.
One-Pot Synthesis of Hypervalent Iodine Reagents for Electrophilic Trifluoromethylation (2013)

Simplified syntheses suited for large scale preparations of the two hypervalent iodine reagents 1 and 2 for electrophilic trifluoromethylation are reported. In both cases, the stoichiometric oxidants sodium metaperiodate and tert-butyl hypochlorite have been replaced by trichloroisocyanuric acid. Reagent 1 is accessible in a one-pot procedure from 2-iodobenzoic acid in 72% yield. Reagent 2 was prepared via fluoroiodane 11 in a considerably shorter reaction time and with no need of an accurate temperature control.
Expression of the Major Porin Gene mspA Is Regulated in Mycobacterium smegmatis (2006)

MspA is the major porin of Mycobacterium smegmatis and is important for diffusion of small and hydrophilic solutes across its unique outer membrane. The start point of transcription of the mspA gene was mapped by primer extension and S1 nuclease experiments. The main promoter driving transcription of mspA was identified by single point mutations in lacZ fusions and resembled sigma(A) promoters of M. smegmatis. However, a 500-bp upstream fragment including P(mspA) in a transcriptional fusion with lacZ yielded only low beta-galactosidase activity, whereas activity increased 12-fold with a 700-bp fragment. Activation of P(mspA) by the 200-bp element was almost eliminated by increasing the distance by 14 bp, indicating binding of an activator protein. The chromosomal mspA transcript had a size of 900 bases and was very stable with a half-life of 6 minutes, whereas the stabilities of episomal mspA transcripts with three other 5' untranslated region (UTRs) were three- to sixfold reduced, indicating a stabilizing role of the native 5' UTR of mspA. Northern blot experiments revealed that the amount of mspA mRNA was increased under nitrogen limitation but reduced under carbon and phosphate limitation at 42 degrees C in stationary phase in the presence of 0.5 M sodium chloride, 18 mM hydrogen peroxide, and 10% ethanol and at acidic pH. These results show for the first time that M. smegmatis regulates porin gene expression to optimize uptake of certain nutrients and to protect itself from toxic solutes.
Internal duplication and sequence homology in factors V and VIII. (1985)

Blood coagulation factors V and VIII each serve cofactor functions with different vitamin K-dependent serine proteases of the coagulation cascade. Physical, physiologic, and kinetic data suggest analogous structures and functions for these two proteins. Proteolytically activated factor V (factor Va) is required for the efficient production of thrombin from prothrombin by factor Xa. Similarly, activated factor VIII (factor VIIIa) performs its cofactor activity with factor IXa to produce the activated form of factor X (factor Xa). The studies reported here on the sequences from the thrombin-activated and unactivated cofactors provide evidence that factor V and factor VIII are chemically related and that the structures of both cofactors involve some tandem duplication.
攀比——评A．德·博顿的《地位焦虑症》和M．马默特的《地位综合症》 (2005)

在美国,我们喜欢谎称阶级差异其实已经不复存在--或至少已经不再是前进的障碍.但是,我们是否很可能同时也低估了我们对获得地位的急切程度?当年法国人A.德·托克维尔曾经对我们灵魂中的这个问题进行诊断.他写道,对于地位的过分痴迷应归咎于一种 古怪的忧郁症,它时常使生活在富有的民主社会中的人们寝食不安.
Imaging calcium dynamics in living plants using semi-synthetic recombinant aequorins. (1993)

The genetic transformation of the higher plant Nicotiana plumbaginifolia to express the protein apoaequorin has recently been used as a method to measure cytosolic free calcium ([Ca2+]i) changes within intact living plants (Knight, M. R., A. K. Campbell, S. M. Smith, and A. J. Trewavas. 1991. Nature (Lond.). 352:524-526; Knight, M. R., S. M. Smith, and A. J. Trewavas. 1992. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 89:4967-4971). After treatment with the luminophore coelenterazine the calcium-activated photoprotein aequorin is formed within the cytosol of the cells of the transformed plants. Aequorin emits blue light in a dose-dependent manner upon binding free calcium (Ca2+). Thus the quantification of light emission from coelenterazine-treated transgenic plant cells provides a direct measurement of [Ca2+]i. In this paper, by using a highly sensitive photon-counting camera connected to a light microscope, we have for the first time imaged changes in [Ca2+]i in response to cold-shock, touch and wounding in different tissues of transgenic Nicotiana plants. Using this approach we have been able to observe tissue-specific [Ca2+]i responses. We also demonstrate how this method can be tailored by the use of different coelenterazine analogues which endow the resultant aequorin (termed semi-synthetic recombinant aeqorin) with different properties. By using h-coelenterazine, which renders the recombinant aequorin reporter more sensitive to Ca2+, we have been able to image relatively small changes in [Ca2+]i in response to touch and wounding: changes not detectable when standard coelenterazine is used. Reconstitution of recombinant aequorin with another coelenterazine analogue (e-coelenterazine) produces a semi-synthetic recombinant aequorin with a bimodal spectrum of luminescence emission. The ratio of luminescence at two wavelengths (421 and 477 nm) provides a simpler method for quantification of [Ca2+]i in vivo than was previously available. This approach has the benefit that no information is needed on the amount of expression, reconstitution or consumption of aequorin which is normally required for calibration with aequorin.
In vivo and in vitro observations on laminin production by Schwann cells. (1983)

Recent reports on the dystrophic mouse mutant suggest that the prominent extracellular matrix component of peripheral nerve tissues plays an important role in peripheral nerve development. We have examined the disposition of two prominent extracellular matrix components, fibronectin and laminin, both in mature peripheral nerve in vivo and in an in vitro system that allows study of Schwann cells in various functional states. In frozen sections of whole nerve, staining with antibodies to fibronectin and laminin shows that fibronectin stains throughout the endoneurium while laminin staining is restricted to regions known to contain basal lamina, particularly the basal lamina of each ensheathing Schwann cell. Tissue culture studies indicate that fibronectin staining at the light microscopic level is a reliable marker for fibroblasts (and not Schwann cells) in culture; conversely, antibodies to laminin stain components related to the Schwann cell surface but not components related to fibroblasts. Unexpectedly, Schwann cells in culture produce laminin at all stages in development, whether in contact with axons or not. As Schwann cells in culture begin to ensheathe axons, punctate regions of laminin on their surfaces become confluent. After ensheathment is completed, a continuous line of staining is found in the region of the Schwann cell basal lamina. It has been established that Schwann cells produce a basal lamina only when in contact with axons. Therefore, the production of laminin appears to be necessary but not sufficient for basal lamina formation. The constancy of laminin production by Schwann cells provides a reliable basis for distinguishing between Schwann cells and fibroblasts in tissue culture.
Nonocclusive Common Carotid Artery Thrombosis in the Rat Results in Reversible Sensorimotor and Cognitive Behavioral Deficits (1995)

CCAT produces consistent sensorimotor and cognitive behavioral deficits that recover within 2 weeks of injury. Behavioral outcome was not necessarily associated with overt histopathological damage, suggesting that reversible injury mechanisms, both vascular and neuronal, may be partly responsible for the temporary loss of function. These data strengthen the role of CCAT as a clinically relevant model of thromboembolic stroke.
Studies on gonococcus infection. XVI. Purification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae immunoglobulin A1 protease (1978)

A protease which cleaves human immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) has been purified from broth cultures of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. This IgA1 protease is produced by pilated and nonpilated gonococci throughout their growth cycles. A combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation, column chromatography, and either isoelectric focusing or affinity chromatography was utilized to obtain an enzyme preparation that showed approximately 3,800-fold purification and exhibited two bands (65,000 and 70,000 daltons) by analytical polyacrylamide electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and reducing conditions. IgA1 protease activity is dependent on divalent cations and is heat labile. Detection and quantitation of IgA protease activity utilized an assay in which [125I]IgA1 is incubated with protease preparations and the cleavage products are analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
Reproducibility and Repeatability of Semiquantitative 18F-Fluorodihydrotestosterone Uptake Metrics in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Metastases: A Prospective Multicenter Study (2018)

<sup>18</sup>F-fluorodihydrotestosterone (<sup>18</sup>F-FDHT) is a radiolabeled analog of the androgen receptor's primary ligand that is currently being credentialed as a biomarker for prognosis, response, and pharmacodynamic effects of new therapeutics. As part of the biomarker qualification process, we prospectively assessed its reproducibility and repeatability in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. <b>Methods:</b> We conducted a prospective multiinstitutional study of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients undergoing 2 (test/retest) <sup>18</sup>F-FDHT PET/CT scans on 2 consecutive days. Two independent readers evaluated all examinations and recorded SUVs, androgen receptor-positive tumor volumes, and total lesion uptake for the most avid lesion detected in each of 32 predefined anatomic regions. The relative absolute difference and reproducibility coefficient (RC) of each metric were calculated between the test and retest scans. Linear regression analyses, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and Bland-Altman plots were used to evaluate repeatability of <sup>18</sup>F-FDHT metrics. The coefficient of variation and ICC were used to assess interobserver reproducibility. <b>Results:</b> Twenty-seven patients with 140 <sup>18</sup>F-FDHT-avid regions were included. The best repeatability among <sup>18</sup>F-FDHT uptake metrics was found for SUV metrics (SUV<sub>max,</sub> SUV<sub>mean</sub>, and SUV<sub>peak</sub>), with no significant differences in repeatability among them. Correlations between the test and retest scans were strong for all SUV metrics (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> ≥ 0.92; ICC ≥ 0.97). The RCs of the SUV metrics ranged from 21.3% (SUV<sub>peak</sub>) to 24.6% (SUV<sub>max</sub>). The test and retest androgen receptor-positive tumor volumes and TLU, respectively, were highly correlated (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> and ICC ≥ 0.97), although variability was significantly higher than that for SUV (RCs > 46.4%). The prostate-specific antigen levels, Gleason score, weight, and age did not affect repeatability, nor did total injected activity, uptake measurement time, or differences in uptake time between the 2 scans. Including the most avid lesion per patient, the 5 most avid lesions per patient, only lesions 4.2 mL or more, only lesions with an SUV of 4 g/mL or more, or normalizing of SUV to area under the parent plasma activity concentration-time curve did not significantly affect repeatability. All metrics showed high interobserver reproducibility (ICC > 0.98; coefficient of variation < 0.2%-10.8%). <b>Conclusion:</b> Uptake metrics derived from <sup>18</sup>F-FDHT PET/CT show high repeatability and interobserver reproducibility.
Astrocytic edema in CNS trauma. (1992)

The occurrence of astrocytic swelling in response to CNS trauma is reviewed. This response occurs rapidly and appears earlier than the reactive astrocytic response to neuronal and axonal injury. Astrocytic swelling is viewed as an exaggerated pathologic extension of normal astrocytic functions, such as regulation of extracellular ion levels and brain pH. Potential deleterious consequences of swelling, such as failure of ion homeostasis mechanisms, impaired uptake of neurotransmitters, and release of excitotoxic amino acids, are discussed. Possible pharmacologic interventions are reviewed showing that inhibition of such swelling or prevention of some of its potential deleterious consequences by an anion transport inhibitor, L-644,711, may have beneficial effects in head trauma.
Validation of Clinical Classification Schemes for Predicting Stroke (2001)

The 2 existing classification schemes and especially a new stroke risk index, CHADS( 2), can quantify risk of stroke for patients who have AF and may aid in selection of antithrombotic therapy.
Coordinative object-transportation by multiple industrial mobile robots using coupler with mechanical compliance (2002)

This paper proposes an approach to the motion coordination of multiple industrial mobile robots (AGVs). The task of the robots is to cooperatively transport a common object. An ordinary mobile robot has uncertain dynamics, and its motion is constrained by a non-holonomic constraint. Furthermore, multiple robots with a common object form a closed-chain structure which would cause the severe dynamical interactions. The authors' approach overcomes the inherent problems by introducing a robot-mounted coupler with mechanical compliance which provides compliance between each robot and the object. The hierarchical coordinative control scheme is presented to perform accurate object-transportation based on the synchronous motions of the robots. Simulation and fundamental experiment by using a commercially available AGV demonstrate the effectiveness of the authors' approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Enzymatic production of indolepyruvate and some of its methyl and fluoro‐derivatives (1991)

Abstract Using the tryptophan aminotransferase of the fodder yeast Candida maltosa the enzymatic production of indolepyruvate, and of analogues of indolepyruvate from tryptophan and methyl and fluoro‐derivatives of tryptophan was investigated. After the optimization of the reaction conditions such as pH, temperature, concentration of the cofactor and ratio between substrate and cosubstrate, a good yield of indolepyruvate (about 70%) and its derivatives (10–30%) was achieved. After isolation products were purified and crystallized.