gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arabinogalactan-Proteins from Primary and Mature Roots of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) (1988)

Organ-specific variations in blood group H-like activity were observed in developing radish plants. A temporary increase in serological activity was found to occur in the roots at the earlier stages of development. Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) were isolated from primary and mature roots, and investigated for changes in their physicochemical properties, structure, and serological activities. These root AGPs were composed mainly of l-arabinose and d-galactose but were distinguishable from each other in their contents of l-fucose as well as of protein and hydroxyproline. The structures of the carbohydrate moieties of the root AGPs were essentially similar to those of AGPs isolated from seeds and mature leaves in that they consisted of consecutive (1-->3)-linked beta-d-galactosyl backbone chains having side chains of (1-->6)-linked beta-d-galactosyl residues, to which alpha-l-arabinofuranosyl residues were attached in the outer regions. One prominent feature of the primary root AGPs was that they contained appreciable amounts of l-fucose, which was presumably responsible for expression of the serological activity. In their immunological reactions with rabbit anti-radish leaf AGP antibody, the root AGPs were shown to share common antigenic determinant(s) with those of seed and leaf AGPs.
SPECTRAL STUDIES OF THE PHOTOBLEACHING OF RIBOFLAVIN PHOSPHATE. (1964)

The spectral changes during photobleaching of riboflavin phosphate (Rf) in neutral solution was studied, both in oxygen free solutions, in presence of small amounts of oxygen, in air saturated solutions, and in presence of hydrogen peroxide. After anaerobic photolysis, aeration, and extraction of lumichrome (Lc) the solution contains an alkali sensitive and extremely light sensitive compound, deuteroflavin (Df). It was proved that these properties can not be due to hydrogen peroxide. The destruction of Rf takes place during the illumination and not during the aeration. After an initial build-up period, the anaerobic photolysis is a steady state process with regard to leuco-deuteroflavin (H sub 2 Df). Small amounts of oxygen increase the yield of Lc and decrease the concentration of H sub 2 Df. Aerobic photolysis leads to Lc and a compound with an absorption macimum at 400 millimicrons. Similar results are obtained in presence of H sub 2 O sub 2. Previous observations regarding the decrease in the quantum yield during the course of the anaerobic photobleaching, and the buffer effect, are confirmed, although not quantitatively. The results are compared with those from experiments with 10 mM EDTA.
Antitumor drug fostriecin inhibits the mitotic entry checkpoint and protein phosphatases 1 and 2A. (1994)

In most eukaryotic cells, entry into mitosis is tightly controlled and requires completely replicated and undamaged DNA. We show that the antitumor drug, fostricin, interferes with this control; it induces cycling cells to enter mitosis prematurely, and it can overcome the mitotic entry checkpoint, forcing into mitosis cells that were arrested in the division cycle by treatment with the DNA replication inhibitor aphidicolin or with the DNA-damaging agents camptothecin and teniposide. This effect was observed in all rodent, simian, and human cell lines tested. Fostriecin also hampers progression through the later stages of mitosis as determined by the absence of normal half-spindles, anaphase figures, and telophase figures. The only previously known target for fostriecin is topoisomerase II, which is inhibited in vitro with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 40 microM (T. J. Boritzki, T. S. Wolfard, J. A. Besserer, R. C. Jackson, and D. W. Fry. Inhibition of type II topoisomerase by fostriecin. Biochem. Pharmacol., 37: 4063-4068, 1988). We show that fostriecin is a more potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1, with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 4 microM and protein phosphatase 2A, with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 40 nM. Inhibition of the mitotic entry checkpoint and inhibition of protein phosphatases are novel properties for antitumor drugs with potential or proven therapeutic value.
Neuroprotective efficacy and therapeutic window of curcuma oil: in rat embolic stroke model (2008)

Here we demonstrated that iNOS-derived NO produced during ischemic injury was crucial for the up-regulation of ischemic injury targets. C.oil down-regulates these targets this coincided with an increased survival rate of neurons.
An adaptive stabilization framework for distributed hash tables (2006)

Distributed hash tables (DHT) algorithms obtain good lookup performance bounds by using deterministic rules to organize peer nodes into an overlay network. To preserve the invariants of the overlay network, DHTs use stabilization procedures that reorganize the topology graph when participating nodes join or fail. Most DHTs use periodic stabilization, in which peers perform stabilization at fixed intervals of time, disregarding the rate of change in overlay topology; this may lead to poor performance and large stabilization-induced communication overhead. We propose a novel adaptive stabilization framework that takes into consideration the continuous evolution in network conditions. Each peer collects statistical data about the network and dynamically adjusts its stabilization rate based on the analysis of the data. The objective of our scheme is to maintain nominal network performance and to minimize the communication overhead of stabilization.
Experimental animal models for the study of therapeutic approaches in renal cell carcinoma. (1994)

Renal cell cancer is a common malignancy with a poor response to multiple therapeutic modalities. Immunotherapy is the most promising of the various treatment approaches tried. Recently, Interleukin-2 has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of metastatic kidney cancer. However, the relatively low response rate (15-30%) and the limiting toxicity of immunotherapy regimens stress the need to develop new therapeutic modalities. Experimental animal models are instrumental in the development of new treatment alternatives. We describe several of the animal models available for the study of kidney cancer and discuss on-going preclinical investigations in the murine renal adenocarcinoma system (Renca), the Wistar-Lewis rat model, and human renal cancer xenograft models in immunodeficient mice.
A curved field reflectron time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer for the simultaneous focusing of metastable product ions (1994)

The ability to simultaneously focus a wide mass range of metastable fragment ions formed after the initial ionization event in a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer has been made possible by the development of a new type of ion reflector. This coaxially designed time-of-flight instrument employs a modified single stage reflector whose axial voltage gradient rises differentially in order to produce an alignment of energy focal points for product ions. In contrast, product-ion focusing in conventional constant field reflectors occurs over a broad range of distances from the reflectron exit. Approximately 90% of the product-ion mass spectrum can be collected without adjustment, thereby eliminating the need to scan the reflector voltage. Design considerations of the curved field reflectron, its calibration properties and representative metastable spectra of several peptides are discussed.
Potent and specific killing of human malignant brain tumor cells by an anti-transferrin receptor antibody-ricin immunotoxin (1987)

✓ Immunotoxins are hybrid molecules which combine the exquisite selectivity of monoclonal antibodies with the potent toxicity of protein toxins. An immunotoxin was constructed by linking a murine monoclonal antibody against the human transferrin receptor (TR) to the plant toxin, ricin. The cytotoxic activity of the anti-TR-ricin immunotoxin was tested in vitro and demonstrated highly potent and cell type-specific killing of cells derived from human glioblastoma, medulloblastoma, and leukemia. The anti-TR-ricin immunotoxin killed more than 50% of “target” cells at a concentration of 5.6 × 10 −13 M after an 18-hour incubation with the ionophore, monensin. This potency exceeds that of any other anti-TR immunotoxin reported in the literature. When the activity of the anti-TR-ricin immunotoxin against “target” tumor-derived cells was compared with the immunotoxin's activity against “non-target” cells, it could be predicted that a selective toxicity of anti-TR-ricin immunotoxin between tumor cells and normal brain was more than 150- to 1380-fold. Solid-phase indirect radioimmunoassay techniques were used to demonstrate significantly higher levels of TR in the glioblastoma- and medulloblastoma-derived cell lines, as well as in surgical tissue samples of medulloblastoma and glioblastoma, as compared to normal brain. Immunotoxins targeted to the TR may possess sufficient specificity to be of therapeutic importance, particularly to treat neoplastic disease of the central nervous system involving compartments (such as intrathecal, intraventricular, or cystic) where delivery of immunotoxins to tumor would not require transvascular transport.
Visualizing the path of blood flow in static vessel images for image guided surgery of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (2012)

Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are a type of vascular anomaly consisting of large intertwined vascular growth (the nidus) that are prone to serious hemorrhaging and can result in patient death if left untreated. Intervention through surgical clipping of feeding and draining vessels to the nidus is a common treatment. However, identification of which vessels to clip is challenging even to experienced surgeons aided by conventional image guidance systems. In this work, we describe our methods for processing static preoperative angiographic images in order to effectively visualize the feeding and draining vessels of an AVM nidus. Maps from level-set front propagation processing of the vessel images are used to label the vessels by colour. Furthermore, images are decluttered using the topological distances between vessels. In order to aid the surgeon in the vessel clipping decision-making process during surgery, the results are displayed to the surgeon using augmented virtuality.
Human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 and Human Concentrative Nucleoside Transporter 3 Predict Survival after Adjuvant Gemcitabine Therapy in Resected Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (2009)

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients with a high expression of hENT1 and hCNT3 immunostaining have a significantly longer survival after adjuvant gemcitabine-based chemoradiation. These biomarkers deserve prospective evaluation in patients receiving gemcitabine-based adjuvant therapy.
The prostaglandin receptor EP4 suppresses colitis, mucosal damage and CD4 cell activation in the gut (2002)

Human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic, relapsing, and remitting condition of unknown origin that exhibits various features of immunological inflammation and affects at least 1 in 1,000 people in Western countries (1-3).IBD is characterized by inflammation in the large and/or small intestine associated with diarrhea, hemoccult, abdominal pain, weight loss, anemia, and leukocytosis (1, 2).Studies in humans have implicated impaired mucosal barrier function, pronounced innate immunity, production of proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines, and the activation of CD4 + T cells in the pathogenesis of IBD (1, 2).One of the major risk factors triggering and worsening the disease is the administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (4-6).Because NSAIDs share inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) as a common mechanism, it is believed that the COX inhibition has adverse effects on IBD.Consistently, genetic disruption of either of the two isoforms of COX, COX-1, or COX-2, in mice exacerbated the extent of colitis in an experimental model ( 7).COX catalyzes production of prostanoids including prostaglandin D 2 (PGD 2 ), PGE 2 , PGF 2 , PGI 2 , and thromboxane (TX), which act on the respective receptors, the PGD receptor (DP), the PGE receptor (EP), the PGF receptor (FP), the PGI receptor (IP), and the TX receptor (TP) to exert their actions (8,9).EP has four subtypes, EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4, which are encoded by different genes.The adverse effect of NSAIDs on IBD, therefore, indicates that during the course of IBD some prostanoids are formed and negatively modulate the extension of the disease.Indeed, in human IBD, a dramatic increase in prostanoid synthesis is found in the intestine and correlates with the disease activity (10-12).However, little is known about how prostanoids modulate IBD and which prostanoid and receptor are responsible for such modulation.Here we have used dextran sodium sulfate-induced (DSS-induced) colitis as a model of IBD (13) and subjected mice deficient in each type or subtype of prostanoid receptor individually to this treatment.DSS causes acute colitis by damaging epithelial cells and, thereby, stimulating regional inflammation through production of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators (13).The aim of this study is to
Highly Efficient and Thermally Stable Nonlinear Optical Dendrimer for Electrooptics (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTHighly Efficient and Thermally Stable Nonlinear Optical Dendrimer for ElectroopticsHong Ma, Baoquan Chen, Takafumi Sassa, Larry R. Dalton, and Alex K.-Y. JenView Author Information Department of Materials Science and Engineering Box 352120, Department of Chemistry, Box 351700 University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 5, 986–987Publication Date (Web):January 13, 2001Publication History Received18 September 2000Published online13 January 2001Published inissue 1 February 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja003407chttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja003407crapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1350Altmetric-Citations212LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chromophores,Dendrons,Nonlinear optics,Polymers,Stability Get e-Alerts
MR imaging of the gastrointestinal tract: value of Gd-DTPA (1988)

To determine the value of gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA) as an MR contrast material for the gastrointestinal tract, we obtained T1-, T2-, and proton-density-weighted MR scans of the abdomen in 20 volunteers before and after oral administration of the compound (10 ml/kg of a 0.5- or 1.0-mM solution). Gd-DTPA was given either alone or with mannitol (15 or 30 g/l). Opacification of the small bowel after the administration of 1.0 mM Gd-DTPA was superior to that achieved after administration of the 0.5-mM solution. In the absence of Gd-DTPA, the pancreas could be delineated partly in 11 cases. After administration of Gd-DTPA, the pancreas could be well differentiated from stomach and duodenum in 16 of 20 cases. In the absence of mannitol, two of the five subjects had homogeneous opacification of the entire small bowel. When Gd-DTPA was given with either 15 or 30 g mannitol/l, homogeneous opacification of the entire small bowel was obtained in nine of 10 volunteers. Diarrhea not discomforting to the volunteers was noted in four of 20 cases. No abnormal blood tests were recorded after administration of Gd-DTPA. The results suggest that oral administration of Gd-DTPA (1.0 mM) given with mannitol (15 g/l) is effective as an MR contrast agent for the gastrointestinal tract. The formulation was found to be safe in a small series of 20 volunteers.
Automatic vessel segmentation and quantification of the rat aortic ring assay of angiogenesis. (1995)

Vessels offers high-speed, fully automatic batch processing including production of a hard copy for documentation. The application runs on the Apple family of computers. On a Quadra 800, the application can process approximately 30 images/hour, which is approximately 2.5 times faster than manual quantification of this assay.
Urokinase Receptor Is Necessary for Adequate Host Defense Against Pneumococcal Pneumonia (2002)

Cell recruitment is a multistep process regulated by cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Previous work has indicated that the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) may also play a role in this mechanism, presumably by an interaction with the beta(2) integrin CD11b/CD18. Indeed, an essential role of uPAR in neutrophil recruitment during pulmonary infection has been demonstrated for beta(2) integrin-dependent respiratory pathogens. We investigated the role of uPAR and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) during pneumonia caused by a beta(2) integrin-independent respiratory pathogen, Streptococcus pneumoniae. uPAR-deficient (uPAR(-/-)), uPA-deficient (uPA(-/-)), and wild-type (Wt) mice were intranasally inoculated with 10(5) CFU S. pneumoniae. uPAR(-/-) mice showed reduced granulocyte accumulation in alveoli and lungs when compared with Wt mice, which was associated with more S. pneumoniae CFU in lungs, enhanced dissemination of the infection, and a reduced survival. In contrast, uPA(-/-) mice showed enhanced host defense, with more neutrophil influx and less pneumococci in the lungs compared with Wt mice. These data suggest that uPAR is necessary for adequate recruitment of neutrophils into the alveoli and lungs during pneumonia caused by S. pneumoniae, a pathogen eliciting a beta(2) integrin-independent inflammatory response. This function is even more pronounced when uPAR is unoccupied by uPA.
Unified Host and Network Data Set (2017)

The lack of data sets derived from operational enterprise networks continues to be a critical deficiency in the cyber security research community. Unfortunately, releasing viable data sets to the larger com- munity is challenging for a number of reasons, primarily the difficulty of balancing security and privacy concerns against the fidelity and utility of the data. This chapter discusses the importance of cyber secu- rity research data sets and introduces a large data set derived from the operational network environment at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The hope is that this data set and associated discussion will act as a catalyst for both new research in cyber security as well as motivation for other organizations to release similar data sets to the community.
Aminocyclitols. 2,5-Dideoxystreptamine and derivatives (1978)

2,5-Dideoxystreptamine (11) was synthesized via the cyclic hydrazine intermediate 10, itself obtained by reaction of the cis-1,4-diepoxycyclohexane (7) with hydrazine. Compound 11 was converted into d,l-N-ethoxycarbonyl-2,5-dideoxystreptamine (12) and the latter resolved into its optical isomers (1N-ethoxycarbonyl- and 3N-ethoxycarbonyl-2,5-dideoxystreptamines 16 and 14). 1,6-.N,O-carbonyl-3N-ethoxycarbonyl-2,5-dideoxystreptamine (1) and 3,4-.N,O-carbonyl-1N-ethoxycarbonyl-2,5-dideoxystreptamine (2) were synthesized from 14 and 16 respectively. A practical process for the preparation of cis-1,4-diepoxycyclohexane is described.
Distinction between esterases and lipases: A kinetic study with vinyl esters and TAG (2002)

The better to characterize enzymes hydrolyzing carboxyl ester bonds (carboxyl ester hydrolases), we have compared the kinetic behavior of various lipases and esterases against solutions and emulsions of vinyl esters and TAG. Short-chain vinyl esters are hydrolyzed at comparable rates by esterases and lipases and have higher limits of solubility in water than corresponding TAG. Therefore, they are suited to study the influence of the physical state of the substrate on carboxyl ester hydrolase activity within a large concentration range. Enzymes used in this study are TAG lipases from microorganisms, lipases from human and guinea pig pancreas, pig liver esterase, and acetylcholinesterase. This study also includes cutinase, a fungal enzyme that displays functional properties between esterases and lipases. Esterases display maximal activity against solutions of short-chain vinyl esters (vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, and vinyl butyrate) and TAG (triacetin, tripropionin, and tributyrin). Half-maximal activity is reached at ester concentrations far below the solubility limit. The transition from solution to emulsion at substrate concentrations exceeding the solubility limit has no effect on esterase activity. Lipases are active on solutions of short-chain vinyl esters and TAG but, in contrast to esterases, they all display maximal activity against emulsified substrates and half-maximal activity is reached at substrate concentrations near the solubility limit of the esters. The kinetics of hydrolysis of soluble substrates by lipases are either hyperbolic or deviate from the Michaelis-Menten model and show no or weak interfacial activation. The presence of molecular aggregates in solutions of short-chain substrates, as evidenced by a spectral dye method, likely accounts for the activity of lipases against soluble esters. Unlike esterases, lipases hydrolyze emulsions of water-insoluble medium- and long-chain vinyl esters and TAG such as vinyl laurate, trioctanoin, and olive oil. In conclusion, comparisons of the kinetic behavior of carboxyl ester hydrolases against solutions and emulsions of vinyl esters and TAG allows the distinction between lipases and esterases. In this respect, it clearly appears that guinea pig pancreatic lipase and cutinase are unambiguously classified as lipases.
The epidemiology of pancreatic cancer in the United States: changes below the surface (2006)

The incidence of pancreatic cancer is stable. A shift from localized to regional disease was observed over time. The overall survival remains poor despite important improvements among patients with early stage disease.
Robust and unobtrusive marker tracking on mobile phones (2008)

Marker tracking has revolutionized augmented reality about a decade ago. However, this revolution came at the expense of visual clutter. In this paper, we propose several new marker techniques, which are less obtrusive than the usual black and white squares. Furthermore, we report methods that allow tracking beyond the visibility of these markers further improving robustness. All presented techniques are implemented in a single tracking library, are highly efficient in their memory and CPU usage and run at interactive frame rates on mobile phones.