gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thieno[3,2-b]thiophene−Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Containing Polymers for High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors and Organic Photovoltaic Devices (2011)

We report the synthesis and polymerization of a novel thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-diketopyrrolopyrrole-based monomer. Copolymerization with thiophene afforded a polymer with a maximum hole mobility of 1.95 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), which is the highest mobility from a polymer-based OFET reported to date. Bulk-heterojunction solar cells comprising this polymer and PC(71)BM gave a power conversion efficiency of 5.4%.
Proinflammatory cytokines (IL-17, IL-6, IL-18 and IL-12) and Th cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13) in patients with allergic asthma (2001)

Allergen-reactive T helper type-2 (Th2) cells and proinflammatory cytokines have been suggested to play an important role in the induction and maintenance of the inflammatory cascade in allergic asthma. We compared the plasma concentrations of novel proinflammatory cytokines IL-17 and IL-18, other proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-12, Th2 cytokines IL-10 and IL-13, and intracellular interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-4 in Th cells of 41 allergic asthmatics and 30 sex- and age-matched health control subjects. Plasma cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Intracellular cytokines were quantified by flow cytometry. Plasma IL-18, IL-12, IL-10, IL-13 concentrations were significantly higher in allergic asthmatic patients than normal control subjects (IL-18: median 228.35 versus 138.72 pg/ml, P < 0.001; IL-12: 0.00 versus 0.00 pg/ml, P = 0.001; IL-10: 2.51 versus 0.05 pg/ml, P < 0.034; IL-13: 119.38 versus 17.89 pg/ml, P < 0.001). Allergic asthmatic patients showed higher plasma IL-17 and IL-6 concentrations than normal controls (22.40 versus 11.86 pg/ml and 3.42 versus 0.61 pg/ml, respectively), although the differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.077 and 0.053, respectively). The percentage of IFN-gamma-producing Th cells was significantly higher in normal control subjects than asthmatic patients (23.46 versus 5.72%, P < 0.001) but the percentage of IL-4 producing Th cells did not differ (0.72 versus 0.79%, P > 0.05). Consequently, the Th1/Th2 cell ratio was significantly higher in normal subjects than asthmatic patients (29.6 versus 8.38%, P < 0.001). We propose that allergic asthma is characterized by an elevation of both proinflammatory and Th2 cytokines. The significantly lower ratio of Th1/Th2 cells confirms a predominance of Th2 cells response in allergic asthma.
Effects of Norepinephrine on Regional Blood Flow and Oxygen Extraction Capabilities During Endotoxic Shock (1997)

We explored the effects of norepinephrine on blood flow distribution and oxygen extraction capabilities during hyperdynamic endotoxic shock. Twelve anesthetized and mechanically ventilated dogs received 2 mg/kg of Escherichia coli endotoxin followed by a general saline infusion and were then randomly divided into two groups: six received norepinephrine (1 microg/kg/min), and six served as control subjects. The norepinephrine group maintained higher mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, left ventricular stroke work index, and hepatic arterial blood flow without altering blood flow to portal, mesenteric, and renal beds. When cardiac tamponade was induced to study tissue oxygen extraction capabilities, the norepinephrine group had a lower critical oxygen delivery in whole body (11.5 +/- 5.2 versus 14.3 +/- 1.4 ml/kg/min, p < 0.05) and in liver (25.0 +/- 11.3 versus 38.0 +/- 9.0 ml/min, p = NS) and a higher critical oxygen extraction ratio in whole body (53.8 +/- 17.7 versus 32.0 +/- 6.1%, p < 0.05), and in liver (57.0 +/- 11.9 versus 35.2 +/- 4.3%, p < 0.05). We conclude that during endotoxic shock in dogs, norepinephrine hardly influences blood flow distribution and could even increase hepatic artery blood flow, and it can also improve whole body and liver oxygen extraction capabilities.
Effect of the Pore-Size Distribution of Lime on the Reactivity for the Removal of SO2 in the Presence of High-Concentration CO2 at High Temperature (2002)

To develop a SO2 sorbent that is highly reactive in the presence of high concentrations of CO2 at high temperature, the effect of the pore-size distribution on the reactivity was investigated at 800 °C using a natural limestone, natural lime, modified macroporous lime, and limestone. The modified lime samples were prepared from a kind of natural lime by water−acetic acid swelling and water swelling methods. The modified limestone was prepared from the modified lime by carbonation. Pores smaller than ca. 200 nm in the modified lime and natural lime virtually disappeared, and pores larger than ca. 200 nm also considerably decreased in pore size after carbonization. The reactivity of the modified limestone depended on the degree of development of pores larger than 200 nm, because the macropores provided a diffusion route for SO2 in the sorbent during sulfation.
Through-silicon IR image to CAD database alignment (2003)

We perform automated alignment of a device's CAD layout to its through silicon-IR image. Light refraction of the optical system blurs and distorts the shape and size of features, causing both edge-based and intensity-based cross-correlation techniques to fail. Our alignment methodology consists of pre-processing (equalization) of the images, followed by sub-resolution offset computation We apply a modeled point spread function (PSF) of the optical system to the CAD image to increase its resemblance to the optical image (resolution-equalization). Using our alignment algorithm, which combines image equalization, over-sampling, and cross-correlation, we demonstrate through-Silicon placement accuracy of 0.1 /spl mu/ with a 1 /spl mu/ resolution optical system.
Asymptotically dense spherical codes .II. laminated spherical codes (1997)

For pt. I see ibid., vol.43, no.6, p.1774-85, 1997. New spherical codes called laminated spherical codes are constructed in dimensions 2-49 using a technique similar to the construction of laminated lattices. Each spherical code is recursively constructed from existing spherical codes in one lower dimension. Laminated spherical codes outperform the best known spherical codes in the minimum distance sense for many code sizes. The density of a laminated spherical code approaches the density of the laminated lattice in one lower dimension, as the minimum distance approaches zero. In particular, the three-dimensional laminated spherical code is asymptotically optimal, in the sense that its density approaches the Fejes Toth (1959) upper bound as the minimum distance approaches zero. Laminated spherical codes perform asymptotically as well as wrapped spherical codes in those dimensions where laminated lattices are optimal sphere packings.
One-Dimensional Electrical Contact to a Two-Dimensional Material (2013)

Heterostructures based on layering of two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene and hexagonal boron nitride represent a new class of electronic devices. Realizing this potential, however, depends critically on the ability to make high-quality electrical contact. Here, we report a contact geometry in which we metalize only the 1D edge of a 2D graphene layer. In addition to outperforming conventional surface contacts, the edge-contact geometry allows a complete separation of the layer assembly and contact metallization processes. In graphene heterostructures, this enables high electronic performance, including low-temperature ballistic transport over distances longer than 15 micrometers, and room-temperature mobility comparable to the theoretical phonon-scattering limit. The edge-contact geometry provides new design possibilities for multilayered structures of complimentary 2D materials.
The crystal and molecular structure of N-(3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamoyl)-Δ3-piperidine-2-one, an amide alkaloid (piperlongumine), C17H19NO5 (1986)

The crystals of C 17 H 19 NO 5 belong to the monoclinic space group P2 1 /n with a = 15.793(3), b = 4.089(4), c = 24.649(5) Å, β = 97.56(3)° V = 157 8(2) Å 3 , and Z = 4. The structure was solved by MULTAN 78 and refined by full-matrix least-squares to a final R of 0.053 for 1863 observed reflections. X-ray crystallography has revealed that the molecule is the Δ 3 isomer and not the Δ 5 isomer suggested originally from nmr spectroscopy. The piperidyl nitrogen is sp 2 hybridized with its electron lone pair involved in conjugation with the carbonyl groups. The piperidone ring adopts a distorted boat conformation. An interesting feature of the structure is the formation of two C(ethylenic)—H … O(keto) intramolecular hydrogen bonds which stabilize the molecular conformation.
OFDM/FM frame synchronization for mobile radio data communication (1993)

A synchronization scheme enabling the use of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)/FM over a mobile radio channel in a pure ALOHA environment is proposed. The scheme encodes synchronization information in parallel with data in the same manner in which data is encoded in the OFDM/FM frame. The synchronization information is in the form of tones, centered in certain reserved frequency subchannels of the OFDM signal. The receiver uses a correlation detector, implemented in the frequency domain, to acquire synchronization accurately on a packet-by-packet basis. Experimental results indicate that the bit-error-rate performance achievable with the proposed scheme is within 1.5 dB of the performance obtained with ideal synchronization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Inhibitory effects of tannins on hyaluronidase activation and on the degranulation from rat mesentery mast cells. (1985)

The inhibitory effects of tannins on the activation of inactive hyaluronidase and on the degranulation from rat mesentery mast cells induced by compound 48/80 were investigated. Among the tested tannins, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6-penta-O-galloylglucose, 1, 2, 3, 6-tetra-O-galloylglucose (hydrolyzable tannins) and 3, 3'-di-O-galloylprodelphinidin B-2 (condensed tannins) showed the strongest inhibitory effects in both cases. These results suggest that many tannins may possess anti-inflammatory activity and anti-allergic activity.
A remotely controlled Bluetooth enabled environment (2004)

Ad-hoc networks using Bluetooth enabled devices have piqued the interest of the networking community. Network developers are looking into different means of remotely controlling the devices comprising such networks, so as to have the flexibility to change various device parameters without actually being present near them. We present a method of remotely controlling devices in a Bluetooth enabled environment in the home or office from any part of the world via the Internet. A Web page applet programmed in Java can be accessed from any Java-enabled browser connected to the Internet and is used to control parameters of remote Bluetooth devices. It is also used to display the current state of the Bluetooth devices. A novel application of using Bluetooth devices for remote control is that a passive electronic device can be given processing power simply by connecting a Bluetooth chip to it. Any passive device in the Bluetooth enabled scatternet can have processed data send to it by the program resident in the Web server. The paper addresses issues related to internetworking such networks to form scatternets and presents a scatternet formation algorithm to solve the problem of connecting all the Bluetooth enabled devices in any home or office environment.
Elevated expression OF IFN-gamma in the HIV-1 infected brain (2004)

We determined the extent of expression of three cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-4, and TNF-alpha ) in brain tissue infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1). The selections were IFN-gamma as a Th1 cytokine, IL- 4 as a Th2 cytokine, and TNF-alpha as a pro-inflammatory cytokine (and because of its prior implication in brain tissue damage due to HIV-1 infection). Based on current models for pathogenesis of HIV-1-associated dementia (HAD), in the periphery, Th1 cytokines are considered to be salutary, whereas Th2 cytokines are regarded as deleterious. However, we hypothesized that in the CNS these roles are reversed. Post-mortem temporal lobe tissue specimens from 16 HIV-1-seropositive patients and 11 HIV-1-seronegative controls were stained for IFN-gamma, IL-4, and TNF-alpha utilizing immunohistochemistry and alkaline phosphatase. HIV-1 infection causes alterations of brain cytokine expression that include increased IFN-gamma expression for HIV-1-seropositive vs. HIV-1-seronegative individuals. There was increased expression of IFN-gamma for HIV-1-seropositive individuals with or without HAD, with or without the broader category of neuropsychiatric impairment (NPI), and with or without opportunistic infections (OIs) compared to HIV-1-seronegatives. A significant inverse correlation between IFN-gamma vs. IL-4 in HIV-1-seropositives with HAD and in seronegative individuals was observed. There was an inverse correlation in seropositives between IFN-gamma vs. TNF-alpha, a positive trend with HAD, significant without HAD, significant with NPI and significant without OIs. Between IL-4 vs. TNF-alpha there was a correlation (trend) in seropositives, a trend with NPI, significant without NPI, and a trend without OI. Due to HIV-1 infection of the brain and neurological disease there is a prominent increased expression of IFN-gamma, an inverse expression of IFN-gamma vs. TNF-alpha, and TNF-alpha vs. IL-4. The inverse correlation between increased IFN-gamma and decreased IL-4 expression is consistent with the stimulation of activated macrophages, and T cells, greater toxicity in the HIV-1-infected brain, and is supportive of the significance of IFN-gamma in HIV-1-infected patients.
Cross-layer Optimization for Next Generation Wi-Fi (2013)

From the initial 1997 specification to the undergoing IEEE 802.11ac standardization, a leap in throughput has been observed with every new generation. The expectations for next generations on issues like throughput, range, reliability, and power consumption are even higher. This is quite a challenge considering all the work already done. Cross-layer optimization of physical (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) layers can be an interesting exploration path for further enhancement. During this thesis we have studied cross-layer optimization techniques, with a focus on the IEEE 802.11ac standard. A new multichannel aggregation scheme involving cross-knowledge between PHY and MAC layers has been proposed to improve performance in collision-prone environments. We have shown that some functionalities directly involved PHY and MAC layers. An accurate modeling of both PHY and MAC mechanisms is thus needed to have a realistic characterization of such functionalities. A cross-layer simulator, compliant with IEEE 802.11ac specifications, has thus been implemented. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first simulator incorporating detailed PHY and MAC functionalities for the IEEE 802.11ac standard. The multiple-user multiple-input, multiple-output (MU-MIMO) technique, which is one of the main innovations of the IEEE 802.11ac, needs both PHY and MAC layer considerations. We have thus used the implemented cross-layer simulator to evaluate the performance of MU-MIMO and compared it with the single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO). The aim of these studies was to evaluate the 'real' gains of MU-MIMO solutions (accounting for PHY+MAC) over SU-MIMO solutions and not the generally accepted ones. The impact of the channel sounding interval has particularly been studied. Finally, we have proposed a short PHY layer version of acknowledgment frames for overhead reduction in IEEE 802.11ah communications.
Prostate Cancer: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Experience at One Tertiary-Care Military Medical Center, 1989 and 1994 (1996)

Prostate cancer is a significant health care problem in this country. With an aging population of men, increased public awareness, and use of prostate-specific antigen screening programs, this disease will continue to increase in incidence. This paper addresses the recent dramatically increased incidence and stage migration to earlier disease, the implications of these trends, and specific comparisons about the evolving therapies between 1989 and 1994 at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. A basic review of diagnosis and treatment options are outlined for use by the non-urologist. New and exciting developments in the field are also discussed.
Locus-Specific Gene Expression Pattern Suggests a Unique Propagation Strategy for a Giant Algal Virus (2006)

Emiliania huxleyi virus strain 86 is the largest algal virus sequenced to date and is unique among the Phycodnaviridae since its genome is predicted to contain six RNA polymerase subunit genes. We have used a virus microarray to profile the temporal transcription strategy of this unusual virus during infection. There are two distinct transcription phases to the infection process. The primary phase is dominated by a group of coding sequences (CDSs) expressed by 1 h postinfection that are localized to a subregion of the genome. The CDS of the primary group have no database homologues, and each is associated with a unique promoter element. The remainder of the CDSs are expressed in a secondary phase between 2 and 4 hours postinfection. Compartmentalized transcription of the two distinctive phases is discussed. We hypothesize that immediately after infection the nucleic acid of the virus targets the host nucleus, where primary-phase genes are transcribed by host RNA polymerase which recognizes the viral promoter. Secondary-phase transcription may then be conducted in the cytoplasm.
Environmentally regulated genes of Streptococcus suis: identification by the use of iron-restricted conditions in vitro and by experimental infection of piglets The GenBank accession numbers for the sequences determined in this work are AF302190–AF302207 (iri genes) and AF303226–303247 (ivs genes). (2001)

The identification of environmentally regulated genes of Streptococcus suis by the use of iron-restricted conditions in vitro and by experimental infection of piglets is described. Eighteen unique iron-restriction-induced (iri) genes and 22 unique in-vivo-selected (ivs) genes of Strep. suis were found. None of the ivs genes was exclusively expressed in vivo. Four iri genes were identical to four clones selected in piglets. Two ivs genes were similar to genes for putative virulence factors. One of these ivs genes was identical to the epf gene of virulent Strep. suis serotype 2 strains and the other showed homology to a gene encoding a fibronectin-binding protein of Streptococcus gordonii. Two additional ivs genes showed homology to environmentally regulated genes previously identified by using an in vivo expression technology (IVET) selection system in other bacterial species. One of these showed similarity to the agrA gene of Staphylococcus aureus, a key locus involved in the regulation of numerous virulence proteins. The promoter selection system described in this paper has been successfully used for the identification of many environmentally regulated genes potentially involved in the pathogenesis of Strep. suis infections in piglets.
The effect of neutral helper lipids on the structure of cationic lipid monolayers (2011)

Successful drug delivery via lipid-based systems has often been aided by the incorporation of 'helper lipids'. While these neutral lipids enhance the effectiveness of cationic lipid-based delivery formulations, many questions remain about the nature of their beneficial effects. The structure of monolayers of the cationic lipid dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DODAB) alone, and mixed with a neutral helper lipid, either diolelyphosphatidylethanolamine or cholesterol at a 1 : 1 molar ratio was investigated at the air-water interface using a combination of surface pressure-area isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) and specular neutron reflectivity in combination with contrast variation. BAM studies showed that while pure DODAB and DODAB with cholesterol monolayers showed fairly homogeneous surfaces, except in the regions of phase transition, monolayers of DODAB with diolelyphosphatidylethanolamine were, in contrast, inhomogeneous exhibiting irregular bean-shaped domains throughout. Neutron reflectivity data showed that while the thickness of the DODAB monolayer increased from 17 to 24 Å as it was compressed from a surface pressure of 5-40 mN m(-1), the thickness of the helper lipid-containing monolayers, over the same range of surface pressures, was relatively invariant at between 25 and 27 Å. In addition, the monolayers containing diolelyphosphatidylethanolamine were found to be more heavily hydrated than the monolayers of cationic lipid, alone or in combination with cholesterol, with hydration levels of 18 molecules of water per molecule of lipid being recorded for the diolelyphosphatidylethanolamine-containing monolayers at a surface pressure of 30 mN m(-1) compared with only six and eight molecules of water per molecule of lipid for the pure DODAB monolayer and the cholesterol-containing DODAB monolayer, respectively.
Late postoperative nocturnal dips in oxygen saturation in patients undergoing major abdominal vascular surgery (1992)

Twenty-four patients (23 male) who presented for aortic reconstructive surgery were studied with pulse oximetry on a pre-operative night and during the first five postoperative nights. Patients with five or more dips in oxygen saturation of greater than 4% (with a prompt recovery back toward baseline of 3% or more) per hour of monitoring were classified as having a significant abnormality of respiration. Pre-operatively, four of 24 patients (17%) demonstrated such an abnormality. Postoperatively, 12 patients (50%) met these criteria on at least one of the first five postoperative nights and six of these had two or more nights with severe episodic hypoxaemia. Frequent severe episodic dips in arterial oxygen saturation (to less than 85% saturation) occurred in the late postoperative period at a time when oxygen therapy would usually have been discontinued. Pre-operative overnight pulse oximetry studies fail to predict the development of abnormal respiratory patterns in the postoperative period in the majority of patients.
Progress in overcoming the chain association issue in bispecific heterodimeric IgG antibodies (2012)

The development of bispecific antibodies has attracted substantial interest, and many different formats have been described. Those specifically containing an Fc part are mostly tetravalent, such as stabilized IgG-scFv fusions or dual-variable domain (DVD) IgGs. However, although they exhibit IgG-like properties and technical developability, these formats differ in size and geometry from classical IgG antibodies. Thus, considerable efforts focus on bispecific heterodimeric IgG antibodies that more closely mimic natural IgG molecules. The inherent chain association problem encountered when producing bispecific heterodimeric IgG antibodies can be overcome by several methods. While technologies like knobs-into-holes (KiH) combined with a common light chain or the CrossMab technology enforce the correct chain association, other approaches, e.g., the dual-acting Fab (DAF) IgGs, do not rely on a heterodimeric Fc part. This review discusses the state of the art in bispecific heterodimeric IgG antibodies, with an emphasis on recent progress.
Advances in cancer research. Volume 54 (1990)

This book contains articles pertaining to Advances in Cancer Research. Included are the following groups: (1) The Role of DNA Methylation in Cancer, (2) Genetic and Epigenetic Losses of Heterozygosity in Cancer Predisposition and Progression, (3) Genetic and Molecular Studies of Cellular Immortalization.
The Role of the Kidney and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibition in Diabetes Management (2012)

IN BRIEF The kidney plays an important role in glucose homeostasis and has become a target for the treatment of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. This review discusses the role of the kidney in glucose homeostasis and how inhibition of renal glucose reabsorption may become a novel treatment option for type 2 diabetes.