gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Effects of Pravastatin and Lovastatin on Sleep Disturbance in Hypercholesterolemic Subjects (1999)

We have studied the effects of two cholesterol-lowering medications, lovastatin and pravastatin, on different sleep parameters in hypercholesterolemic subjects. These medications are 3-hydroxy-methylglutaryl coenzyme A inhibitors. Only subjects who had complained of sleep disturbance while on previous treatment with lovastatin were enrolled. Sixteen subjects (11 men and 5 women) underwent a randomized, double-blind, three-way crossover treatment with lovastatin, pravastatin, and placebo. Each phase of the study lasted 4 weeks. A placebo wash-out period of 4 weeks separated each treatment phase. At the end of each treatment phase, subjects were admitted to the sleep laboratory for 2 consecutive nights. No statistical differences were detected during treatment with lovastatin, pravastatin, and placebo for sleep parameters such as total sleep time, total awake time, wake time after sleep onset, efficiency of sleep, and percent of different phases of sleep. Our study suggests that lovastatin and pravastatin do not have a significant effect on sleep parameters in hypercholesterolemic subjects that could explain their complaints of insomnia. Nevertheless, the subjects did have moderate sleep disturbances that could account for insomnia and most likely predate the use of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.
A fast minimal path active contour model (2001)

A new minimal path active contour model for boundary extraction is presented. Implementing the new approach requires four steps (1) users place some initial end points on or near the desired boundary through an interactive interface; (2) a potential searching window is defined between two end points; (3) a graph search method based on conic curves is used to search the boundary; and (4) a "wriggling" procedure is used to calibrate the contour and reduce sensitivity of the search results on the selected initial end points. The last three steps are performed automatically. In the proposed approach, the potential window systematically provides a new node connection for the later graph search, which is different from the row-by-row and column-by-column methods used in the classical graph search. Furthermore, this graph search also suggests ways to design a "wriggling" procedure to evolve the contour in the direction nearly perpendicular to itself by creating a list of displacement vectors in the potential window. The proposed minimal path active contour model speeds up the search and reduces the "metrication error" frequently encountered in the classical graph search methods e.g., the dynamic programming minimal path (DPMP) method.
Dermatoskopisch sichtbare Strukturen (2003)

Für die Beurteilung von Hauttumoren mittels der Dermatoskopie pigmentierter wie nicht-pigmentierter Hautveränderungen müssen unterschiedliche Aspekte berücksichtigt werden (Tabelle 1) [1-13]. Erst unter Einbeziehung aller zu analysierenden Anteile ist eine diagnostische Einteilung vernünftig und möglich. Teilweise werden diese Aspekte in anderen Kapiteln dieses Buches behandelt und es wird an entsprechender Stelle auf diese verwiesen.
Case Study on FPGA Performance of Parallel Hash Functions (2010)

istotna˛ role we współczesnej kryptografii. Funkcje te przekształcaja˛ dowolna˛ ilo´sć danych wej´sciowych w skrót o ´sci´sle okre´slonej długo´sci. Typowe zastosowania funkcji haszujacych ˛ obejmuja˛ weryfikacj˛e spójno´sci danych i schematy komunikacji z uwierzytelnieniem. Poni˙zszy artykuł jest głosem w dyskusji na temat jakimi wła´sciwo´sciami powinien sie charakteryzować nowy standard dla funkcji haszujacych ˛ SHA-3. W naszym przekonaniu, niezmiernie istotna˛ cecha˛ nowego algorytmu powinna być mo˙zliwo´sć do pracy w trybie równoległym. W niniejszym artykule szczegółowo opisujemy i analizujemy implementacj˛e funkcji haszujacej ˛ PHASH w matrycy FPGA. Funkcja ta jest szkieletem który umo˙zliwia przetwarzanie danych z wykorzystaniem szyfru blokowego. Głównym atutem PHASH jest to, ˙ze jego tryb pracy równoległej pozwala osiagn ˛ ać ˛ bardzo du˙z a˛ wydajno´sć. Nasze pomiary wykazały, ˙ze PHASH osiaga ˛ przepustowo´sć 15Gbps w systemie z jednym szyfrem blokowym i 182Gbps przy wykorzystaniu 16 szyfrów blokowych. Abstract. Hashing functions play a fundamental role in modern cryptography. Such functions process data to produce a small fixed size output referred to as a digest or hash. Typical applications of these functions include data integrity verification and message authentication schemes. We argue that high parallelizability of the forthcoming new SHA-3 hash standard should be a critical and achievable property of proposed algorithms. In this paper we present an FPGA design and performance analysis of a recently proposed parallelizable hash function PHASH. It is not a SHA-3 candidate but rather a hash template using tree hashing and a block cipher. The main feature of PHASH is that it is able to process multiple data blocks at once making it suitable for achieving ultra high performance. PHASH achieved a throughput over 15 Gbps using a single block cipher instance and 182 Gbps for 16 instances. Słowa kluczowe: skalowalna implementacja FPGA, funkcja haszujaca, ˛ analiza wydajno´sci
Synthesis And Cytogenetic Effect Of Magnetic Nanoparticles (2015)

In the present study we have successfully synthesized cobalt and cobalt oxide NPs in ethanol and double distilled water respectively. Structural and optical characterizations have been performed by X-ray diffraction and UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy respectively. Magnetic characterization has been performed by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Particle shape and size have been estimated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We have studied the effect of cobalt and cobalt oxide NPs on mitotic division of meristamatic roots of Sesbania cannabina. It has been found that cobalt oxide nanoparticles were more toxic than cobalt nanoparticles and both induced various types of chromosomal aberrations in meristamatic root tip cells of sesbania cannabina.
An interactive comic book presentation for exploring video (2000)

This paper presents a method for generating compact pictorial summarizations of video. We developed a novel approach for selecting still images from a video suitable for summarizing the video and for providing entry points into it. Images are laid out in a compact, visually pleasing display reminiscent of a comic book or Japanese manga. Users can explore the video by interacting with the presented summary. Links from each keyframe start video playback and/or present additional detail. Captions can be added to presentation frames to include commentary or descriptions such as the minutes of a recorded meeting. We conducted a study to compare variants of our summarization technique. The study participants judged the manga summary to be significantly better than the other two conditions with respect to their suitability for summaries and navigation, and their visual appeal.
Time-resolved Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (TR-FRET) to Analyze the Disruption of EGFR/HER2 Dimers (2011)

In oncology, simultaneous inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and HER2 by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is an efficient therapeutic strategy but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we describe a time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) method to quantify EGFR/HER2 heterodimers on cell surface to shed some light on the mechanism of such therapies. First, we tested this antibody-based TR-FRET assay in NIH/3T3 cell lines that express EGFR and/or HER2 and in various tumor cell lines. Then, we used the antibody-based TR-FRET assay to evaluate in vitro the effect of different targeted therapies on EGFR/HER2 heterodimers in the ovarian carcinoma cell line SKOV-3. A simultaneous incubation with Cetuximab (anti-EGFR) and Trastuzumab (anti-HER2) disturbed EGFR/HER2 heterodimers resulting in a 72% reduction. Cetuximab, Trastuzumab or Pertuzumab (anti-HER2) alone induced a 48, 44, or 24% reduction, respectively. In contrast, the tyrosine kinase inhibitors Erlotinib and Lapatinib had very little effect on EGFR/HER2 dimers concentration. In vivo, the combination of Cetuximab and Trastuzumab showed a better therapeutic effect (median survival and percentage of tumor-free mice) than the single mAbs. These results suggest a correlation between the extent of the mAb-induced EGFR/HER2 heterodimer reduction and the efficacy of such mAbs in targeted therapies. In conclusion, quantifying EGFR/HER2 heterodimers using our antibody-based TR-FRET assay may represent a useful method to predict the efficacy and explain the mechanisms of action of therapeutic mAbs, in addition to other commonly used techniques that focus on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, phosphorylation, and cell proliferation.
Dasatinib Plus Nutlin-3 Shows Synergistic Antileukemic Activity in Both p53wild-type and p53mutated B Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemias by Inhibiting the Akt Pathway (2010)

These findings suggest that Dasatinib + Nutlin-3 might represent an innovative therapeutic combination for both p53(wild-type) and p53(deleted/mutated) B-CLL.
Multiple Osteocalcin Fragments in Human Urine and Serum as Detected by a Midmolecule Osteocalcin Radioimmunoassay* (1990)

Reliable markers of bone formation are essential to the investigation of metabolic bone disorders. In this regard, evidence indicates that circulating levels of human osteocalcin (OC) correlate with the skeletal isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase and can be used as an index of bone formation. A disadvantage of using serum OC as a marker of formation is its diurnal variation. To address this problem we carried out our studies to determine the usefulness of urine in the assessment of bone turnover. Using a midmolecule specific human OC RIA, we were able to detect OC in urine of normal adults (42 mugeq/g creatinine), normal children (849 mu/geq/g creatinine), and Paget's disease patients (613 mugeq/g creatinine). Immunoreactive fragments of OC in human urine and human serum were separated by high pressure liquid chromatography. Multiple fragments were found in normal adult urine that were not detected in normal adult serum. Uremic and Paget's disease sera contain several immunoreactive forms of OC, other than the intact molecule, not found in normal adult serum. Additionally, both Paget's disease sera and urine contained a specific peak of immunoreactive material, eluting at 25% acetonitrile, that was not found in any other serum or urine tested. Urinary OC (uOC) correlated with both skeletal alkaline phosphatase (r = 0.91) and serum OC (r = 0.83), indices of skeletal formation. While uOC has a diurnal variation similar to that of serum OC, determinations of 24-h uOC give integrated values of daily bone turnover rates. Z-Score analysis indicates that uOC (z = 14.04) is better able to distinguish between normal children with high bone turnover and normal adults than either skeletal alkaline phosphatase (z = 8.87) or serum OC (z = 9.01).
Integrated Multilayered Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Harvesting Biomechanical Energy from Human Motions (2013)

We demonstrate a new flexible multilayered triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with extremely low cost, simple structure, small size (3.8 cm×3.8 cm×0.95 cm) and lightweight (7 g) by innovatively integrating five layers of units on a single flexible substrate. Owing to the unique structure and nanopore-based surface modification on the metal surface, the instantaneous short-circuit current (Isc) and the open-circuit voltage (Voc) could reach 0.66 mA and 215 V with an instantaneous maximum power density of 9.8 mW/cm2 and 10.24 mW/cm3. This is the first 3D integrated TENG for enhancing the output power. Triggered by press from normal walking, the TENG attached onto a shoe pad was able to instantaneously drive multiple commercial LED bulbs. With the flexible structure, the TENG can be further integrated into clothes or even attached onto human body without introducing sensible obstruction and discomfort to human motions. The novel design of TENG demonstrated here can be applied to potentially achieve self-powered portable electronics.
Expression of human beta-amyloid peptide in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans. (1995)

Transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes have been engineered to express potentially amyloidic human proteins. These animals contain constructs in which the muscle-specific unc-54 promoter/enhancer of C. elegans drives the expression of the appropriate coding regions derived from human cDNA clones. Animals containing constructs expressing the 42-amino acid beta-amyloid peptide (derived from human amyloid precursor protein cDNA) produce muscle-specific deposits immunoreactive with anti-beta-amyloid polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. A subset of these deposits also bind the amyloid-specific dye thioflavin S, indicating that these deposits have the tinctural characteristics of classic amyloid. Co-expression of beta-peptide and transthyretin, a protein implicated in preventing the formation of insoluble beta-amyloid, leads to a dramatic reduction in the number of dye-reactive deposits. These results suggest that this invertebrate model may be useful for in vivo investigation of factors that modulate amyloid formation.
The activation of human blood coagulation factor X on the surface of endothelial cells: a comparison with various vascular cells, platelets and monocytes (1994)

Rates of factor X activation on endothelial cells were compared with activation rates on other vascular cells, platelets, monocytes and negatively charged phospholipid vesicles. Factor VIIa-mediated factor X activation was observed on smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts in the absence of cell-perturbing agents, whereas endothelial cells required activation in order to allow extrinsic activation of factor X. On the other hand, unperturbed endothelial cells did promote intrinsic, factor VIII/IXa-dependent activation of factor X. The rate of factor X activation on these cells was about one-sixth of that on ionophore A23187-stimulated platelets. Also, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts were able to activate factor X through the intrinsic pathway, although to a lesser extent than endothelial cells. Monocytes were ineffective in this respect. Prothrombin fragment 1, the prothrombin fragment containing the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid domain known to mediate binding of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors to phospholipid surfaces, inhibited factor VIII/IXa-dependent factor X activation on endothelial cells (IC50 3.2 microM) to a lesser extent than on phospholipid vesicles (IC50 0.2 microM). Therefore, besides negatively charged phospholipids, other membrane constituents seem to be involved in endothelial cell mediated, intrinsic activation of factor X. Perturbation of endothelial cells with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was without effect on intrinsic activation of factor X. This observation indicates that membrane constituents of endothelial cells involved in factor VIII/IXa-dependent activation of factor X are constitutively expressed.
Changes in consensus arylamine N-acetyltransferase gene nomenclature (2008)

Changes in consensus arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) gene nomenclature determined at the 2007 International NAT Workshop include: (1) Alleles in all species except mouse and rat are all uppercase. For mouse and rat, the first letter is upper case followed by lower case. (2) The nomenclature system is now species-specific. Thus, NAT2(*)1 (chicken), NAT2(*)2 and NAT2(*)3 (rabbit), Nat2(*)8 Nat2(*)9, Nat2(*)22 and Nat2(*)23 (mouse), NAT2(*)15, NAT2(*)16A and NAT2(*)16B (Syrian hamster), and NAT2(*)20, NAT2(*)21A and NAT2(*)21B (rat) are retired and renumbered within a species. A species modifier incorporated into the allele designation is written in upper case Roman font, e.g., (MOUSE)Nat1(*)1 is now the reference Nat1 allele in mouse; and (3) The NAT website also can now be accessed at a webalias address: http://N-acetyltransferasenomenclature.louisville.edu. New NAT alleles should continue to be submitted to the NAT Nomenclature Committee for inclusion on the website to ensure proper categorization and to continue consistency in nomenclature.
Magnetic-field-induced stabilization of nonequilibrium superconductivity in a normal-metal/insulator/superconductor junction (2011)

A small magnetic field is found to enhance relaxation processes in a superconductor, thus stabilizing superconductivity in nonequilibrium conditions. In a normal-metal (N)/insulator/superconductor (S) tunnel junction, applying a field of the order of $100\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{T}$ leads to significantly improved cooling of the N island by quasiparticle (QP) tunneling. These findings are attributed to faster QP relaxation within the S electrodes as a result of enhanced QP drain through regions with a locally suppressed energy gap due to magnetic vortices in the S leads at some distance from the junction.
The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) UPDATE Method (2002)

This specification defines the new UPDATE method for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). UPDATE allows a client to update parameters of a session (such as the set of media streams and their codecs) but has no impact on the state of a dialog. In that sense, it is like a re-INVITE, but unlike re-INVITE, it can be sent before the initial INVITE has been completed. This makes it very useful for updating session parameters within early dialogs.
Life-Threatening Infantile Diarrhea from Fluoroquinolone-ResistantSalmonella entericTyphimurium with Mutations in BothgyrAandparC (2003)

Salmonella Typhimurium DT12, isolated from a 35-day-old infant with diarrhea, was highly resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, gentamycin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, nalidixic acid, and fluoroquinolones. The patient responded to antibiotic therapy with fosfomycin. Multidrug-resistance may become prevalent in Salmonella infections in Japan, as shown in this first case of a patient infected with fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella.
At Least One Class I Gene in Restriction Fragment Pattern-Y ( Rfp-Y ), the Second MHC Gene Cluster in the Chicken, Is Transcribed, Polymorphic, and Shows Divergent Specialization in Antigen Binding Region (2001)

MHC genes in the chicken are arranged into two genetically independent clusters located on the same chromosome. These are the classical B: system and restriction fragment pattern-Y (Rfp-Y), a second cluster of MHC genes identified recently through DNA hybridization. Because small numbers of MHC class I and class II genes are present in both B: and Rfp-Y, the two clusters might be the result of duplication of an entire chromosomal segment. We subcloned, sequenced, and analyzed the expression of two class I loci mapping to Rfp-Y to determine whether Rfp-Y should be considered either as a second, classical MHC or as a region containing specialized MHC-like genes, such as class Ib genes. The Rfp-Y genes are highly similar to each other (93%) and to classical class Ia genes (73% with chicken B: class I; 49% with HLA-A). One locus is disrupted and unexpressed. The other, YFV, is widely transcribed and polymorphic. Mature YFV protein associated with beta(2)m arrives on the surface of chicken B (RP9) lymphoma cells expressing YFV as an epitope-tagged transgene. Substitutions in the YFV Ag-binding region (ABR) occur at four of the eight highly conserved residues that are essential for binding of peptide-Ag in the class Ia molecules. Therefore, it is unlikely that Ag is bound in the YFV ABR in the manner typical of class Ia molecules. This ABR specialization indicates that even though YFV is polymorphic and widely transcribed, it is, in fact, a class Ib gene, and Rfp-Y is a region containing MHC genes of specialized function.
A Convenient Preparation of Thieno[3,2-c]pyrazole (2013)

A practical synthesis of multigram quantities of 1H-thieno[3,2-c]pyrazole is presented in which the Jacobson reaction serves as the key step.
Polymorphic sites preferentially avoid co-evolving residues in MHC class I proteins (2018)

Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules are critical to adaptive immune defence mechanisms in vertebrate species and are encoded by highly polymorphic genes. Polymorphic sites are located close to the ligand-binding groove and entail MHC-I alleles with distinct binding specificities. Some efforts have been made to investigate the relationship between polymorphism and protein stability. However, less is known about the relationship between polymorphism and MHC-I co-evolutionary constraints. Using Direct Coupling Analysis (DCA) we found that co-evolution analysis accurately pinpoints structural contacts, although the protein family is restricted to vertebrates and comprises less than five hundred species, and that the co-evolutionary signal is mainly driven by inter-species changes, and not intra-species polymorphism. Moreover, we show that polymorphic sites in human preferentially avoid co-evolving residues, as well as residues involved in protein stability. These results suggest that sites displaying high polymorphism may have been selected during vertebrates' evolution to avoid co-evolutionary constraints and thereby maximize their mutability.
Intracranial inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor-mediated glioblastoma cell growth by an orally active kinase inhibitor of the 2-phenylaminopyrimidine class. (2000)

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common primary human brain tumor, and it is, for all practical purposes, incurable in adult patients. The high mortality rates reflect the fact that glioblastomas are resistant to adjuvant therapies (radiation and chemicals), the mode of action of which is cytotoxic. We show here that an p.o.-active small molecule kinase inhibitor of the 2-phenylaminopyrimidine class may have therapeutic potential for glioblastomas. STI571 inhibits the growth of U343 and U87 human glioblastoma cells that have been injected into the brains of nude mice, but it does not inhibit intracranial growth of ras-transformed cells. Studies on a broad panel of genetically validated human and animal cell lines show that STI571 acts by disruption of the ligand:receptor autocrine loops for platelet-derived growth factor that are a pervasive feature of malignant astrocytoma. The cellular response of glioblastoma cells to STI571 does not appear to involve an apoptotic mechanism.
Rheological Properties of Cross‐Linked Hyaluronan–Gelatin Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering (2008)

Hydrogels that mimic the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) are used in three-dimensional cell culture, cell therapy, and tissue engineering. A semi-synthetic ECM based on cross-linked hyaluronana offers experimental control of both composition and gel stiffness. The mechanical properties of the ECM in part determine the ultimate cell phenotype. We now describe a rheological study of synthetic ECM hydrogels with storage shear moduli that span three orders of magnitude, from 11 to 3 500 Pa, a range important for engineering of soft tissues. The concentration of the chemically modified HA and the cross-linking density were the main determinants of gel stiffness. Increase in the ratio of thiol-modified gelatin reduced gel stiffness by diluting the effective concentration of the HA component.