gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Protein Foods in Human Health: Nutrition, Prevention, and Therapy (1991)

Introduction (Michael N. Volgarev and Doyle H. Waggle). Protein and Amino Acid Requirements in Relation to Dietary Food Protein Needs (Vernon R. Young and Fred H. Steinke). Protein Sources for Use in Food Products (Walter J. Wolf). Chemical Composition and Content of Potentially Hazardous Contaminants in Isolated Soy Protein and Soy Concentrates (Vadium G. Vysotsky, Victor A. Tutelyan, and Valentine M. Zhminchenko). A Comparative Examination of Safety, Biological Value, and Digestibility (Vadium G. Vysotsky, Michael N. Volgarev, Irina S. Zilova, and Anatoli I. Zaichenko). Nutritional Value of Soybean Protein Foods (Fred H. Steinke). The Biological Value and Digestibility of Proteins in Combined Food Products Made with Isolated Soy Protein or Soy Concentrates (Vadim G. Vysotsky, Michael N. Volgarev, and Anna M. Safronova). Isolated Soy Proteins in Infant Feeding (Samuel J. Fomon and Ekhard E. Ziegler). The Use of an Isolated Soy Protein Formula for Nourishing Infants with Food Allergies (Kaleria S. Ladodo and Tatyana Borovick). Soy Proteins as Amino Acid and Protein Sources for Preschool-Age Children (Benjamin Torun). Clinical Evaluation of Partially Hydrolyzed Soy Protein and Casein for Biological Value (Taisya A. Yatsyshina, Vadium G. Vysotsky, Anna M. Safronova, and Alexander S. Vitollo). Protein Nutritional Value of Soy Proteins in Adult Humans (Vernon R. Young). Heart Disease - Current Status and Dietary Recommendations for Prevention and Treatment (Scott M. Grundy). Cardiovascular Disease and Obesity in the USSR (Michael A. Samsonov and Valentina A. Meshcheryakova). Current Dietary Composition in Developed Countries and Need for Modification (Fred H. Steinke and Michael N. Volgarev). Production of New Healthier Foods Using Isolated Soy Protein (Fred H. Steinke, Charles W. Kolar, and Stanley H. Richert). The Effectiveness of Low-Fat, High-Protein Food Products in Dietary Treatment of Overweight and Obesity (Michael N. Volgarev, Vadium G. Vysotsky, Taisya A. Yatsyshina, and Valentina A. Meshvcheryakova). Digestibility, Tolerance, and Metabolic Efficiency of Mixtured Food Products Made with Isolated Soya Protein in Humans (Taisya A. Yatsyshina, Oxana A. Plotnikova, and Alexander S. Vitollo). Clinical and Experimental Approaches to Studying the Hypercholesterolemic Effects of Soybean Proteins (Boris G. Lyapkov). Review of the Studies of Soy Proteins for Reducing Serum Cholesterol (Fred H. Steinke). Antiatherogenic Characteristics of the Isolated Soya Protein 500E - Clinical Experimental Study (Victor A. Tutelyan, Andrei V. Vasilyev, and Li Khva Ren). Diet Therapy of Obese Patients with Hypertension, Ischemic Heart Disease or Hyperlipoproteinemia with Isolated Soy Protein Foods (Michael N. Volgarev, Victor A. Tutelyan, Michael A. Samsonov, Vadium G. Vysotsky, Galina R. Pokrovskaya, Alexander S. Vitollo, Irina S. Zilova, Natalya P. Shimanovskaya, and Olga M. Kalamkarova). Overview and Summary (Fred H. Steinke, Michael N. Volgarev, Doyle H. Waggle, and Andrei N. Bogatyrev).
Cardiolipin and electron transport chain abnormalities in mouse brain tumor mitochondria: lipidomic evidence supporting the Warburg theory of cancer (2008)

Otto Warburg first proposed that cancer originated from irreversible injury to mitochondrial respiration, but the structural basis for this injury has remained elusive. Cardiolipin (CL) is a complex phospholipid found almost exclusively in the inner mitochondrial membrane and is intimately involved in maintaining mitochondrial functionality and membrane integrity. Abnormalities in CL can impair mitochondrial function and bioenergetics. We used shotgun lipidomics to analyze CL content and composition in highly purified brain mitochondria from the C57BL/6J (B6) and VM/Dk (VM) inbred strains and from subcutaneously grown brain tumors derived from these strains to include an astrocytoma and ependymoblastoma (B6 tumors), a stem cell tumor, and two microgliomas (VM tumors). Major abnormalities in CL content or composition were found in all tumors. The compositional abnormalities involved an abundance of immature molecular species and deficiencies of mature molecular species, suggesting major defects in CL synthesis and remodeling. The tumor CL abnormalities were also associated with significant reductions in both individual and linked electron transport chain activities. A mathematical model was developed to facilitate data interpretation. The implications of our findings to the Warburg cancer theory are discussed.
Oncogene Overdose: Too Much of a Bad Thing for Oncogene-Addicted Cancer Cells (2015)

Acquired resistance to targeted inhibitors remains a major, and inevitable, obstacle in the treatment of oncogene-addicted cancers. Newer-generation inhibitors may help overcome resistance mutations, and inhibitor combinations can target parallel pathways, but durable benefit to patients remains elusive in most clinical scenarios. Now, recent studies suggest a third approach may be available in some cases-exploitation of oncogene overexpression that may arise to promote resistance. Here, we discuss the importance of maintaining oncogenic signaling at "just-right" levels in cells, with too much signaling, or oncogene overdose, being potentially as detrimental as too little. This is highlighted in particular by recent studies of mutant-BRAF in melanoma and the fusion kinase nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK) in anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Oncogene overdose may be exploitable to prolong tumor control through intermittent dosing in some cases, and studies of acute lymphoid leukemias suggest that it may be specifically pharmacologically inducible.
Second Messenger‐Regulated Protein Kinases in the Brain (2000)

Depression has been treated pharmacologically for over three decades, but the views regarding the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs have registered recently a major change. It was increasingly appreciated that adaptive changes in postreceptor signaling pathways, rather than primary action of drugs on monoamine transporters, metabolic enzymes, and receptors, are connected to therapeutic effect. For some of the various signaling pathways affected by antidepressant treatment, it was shown that protein phosphorylation, which represents an obligate step for most pathways, is markedly affected by long-term treatment. Changes were reported to be induced in the function of protein kinase C, cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. For two of these kinases (cyclic AMP- and calcium/calmodulin-dependent), the changes have been studied in isolated neuronal compartments (microtubules and presynaptic terminals). Antidepressant treatment activates the two kinases and increases the endogenous phosphorylation of selected substrates (microtubule-associated protein 2 and synaptotagmin). These modifications may be partly responsible for the changes induced by antidepressants in neurotransmission. The changes in protein phosphorylation induced by long-term antidepressant treatment may contribute to explain the therapeutic action of antidepressants and suggest new strategies of pharmacological intervention.
Long-term (5 to 12 years) serial studies of internal mammary artery and saphenous vein coronary bypass grafts. (1985)

Serial arteriograms were obtained in 501 patients after coronary bypass grafting. Study I within 5 years of operation (mean interval 15 months) and Study II more than 5 years after (mean interval 88 months, range 60 to 147 months). One hundred patients received both internal mammary artery and saphenous vein grafts: 37, mammary artery grafts only, and 364, vein grafts only. In Study I, 645 (82%) of 786 vein grafts were patent, 42 (5%) stenotic or irregular, and 99 (13%) occluded. Of 140 mammary artery grafts, 136 (97%) were patent, two (2%) stenotic, and two (2%) occluded. Of the 645 vein grafts patent in Study I, 357 (55%) remained patent in Study II, 119 (18%) were stenotic or irregular, and 169 (26%) were occluded. Of 136 mammary artery grafts patent in Study I, 130 (96%) were unchanged, one was stenotic, and five (4%) were occluded in Study II. Early vein graft patency was influenced by the coronary artery grafted and by angina. Progression of vein grafts patent at Study I to stenosis or occlusion at Study II was associated with increasing postoperative interval (p less than 0.00001), interval myocardial infarction (p less than 0.001), angina (p less than 0.001), diabetes (p less than 0.004), hypercholesterolemia (p less than 0.006), and hypertriglyceridemia (p less than 0.02); it was not influenced by the coronary artery grafted. Within 5 years of operation, mammary artery graft patency exceeded vein graft patency. Between 5 and 12 years after operation, the attrition rate of vein grafts greatly exceeded that of mammary artery grafts (p less than 0.0001).
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Oral Posaconazole in Neutropenic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients (2006)

The pharmacokinetics of posaconazole oral suspension in neutropenic patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation were evaluated, and the association of plasma posaconazole exposure with the presence and severity of oral mucositis was explored in this nonrandomized, open-label, parallel-group, multiple-dose pharmacokinetic study. Thirty patients were enrolled and received one of three regimens (group I, 200 mg once daily; group II, 400 mg once daily; group III, 200 mg four times daily) for the duration of neutropenia. The mean total exposure for day 1, as shown by the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC(0-24)), was 1.96 mg . h/liter in group I and was 51% higher in group II and in group III. Increases in AUC(0-24) and maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) in groups II and III were dose related. The AUC(0-24) and C(max) values on day 1 were similar between groups II and III. There was interpatient variability of up to 68% in the pharmacokinetic values for our study population. Steady state was attained by days 5 to 6. Average steady-state plasma posaconazole trough values were 192, 219, and 414 ng/ml in groups I, II, and III, respectively. The AUC(0-24) and apparent oral clearance increased by increasing dose and dosing frequency. Mucositis appeared to reduce exposure but did not significantly affect mean total posaconazole exposure (AUC and C(max)) at steady state (P = 0.1483). Moreover, this reduction could be overcome by increasing the total dose and dosing frequency. Posaconazole was safe and well tolerated.
Combined Experimental and DFT-TDDFT Computational Study of Photoelectrochemical Cell Ruthenium Sensitizers (2005)

We report a combined experimental and computational study of several ruthenium(II) sensitizers originated from the [Ru(dcbpyH(2))(2)(NCS)(2)], N3, and [Ru(dcbpyH(2))(tdbpy)(NCS)(2)], N621, (dcbpyH(2) = 4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine, tdbpy = 4,4'-tridecyl-2,2'-bipyridine) complexes. A purification procedure was developed to obtain pure N-bonded isomers of both types of sensitizers. The photovoltaic data of the purified N3 and N621 sensitizers adsorbed on TiO(2) films in their monoprotonated and diprotonated state, exhibited remarkable power conversion efficiency at 1 sun, 11.18 and 9.57%, respectively. An extensive Density Functional Theory (DFT)-Time Dependent DFT study of these sensitizers in solution was performed, investigating the effect of protonation of the terminal carboxylic groups and of the counterions on the electronic structure and optical properties of the dyes. The calculated absorption spectra are in good agreement with the experiment, thus allowing a detailed assignment of the UV-vis spectral features of the two types of dyes. The computed alignments of the molecular orbitals of the different complexes with the band edges of a model TiO(2) nanoparticle provide additional insights into the electronic factors governing the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cell devices.
Neurovascular Dysfunction and Faulty Amyloid -Peptide Clearance in Alzheimer Disease (2012)

Neurovascular dysfunction is an integral part of Alzheimer disease (AD). Changes in the brain vascular system may contribute in a significant way to the onset and progression of cognitive decline and the development of a chronic neurodegenerative process associated with accumulation of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) in brain and cerebral vessels in AD individuals and AD animal models. Here, we review the role of the neurovascular unit and molecular mechanisms in cerebral vascular cells behind the pathogenesis of AD. In particular, we focus on blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, decreased cerebral blood flow, and impaired vascular clearance of Aβ from brain. The data reviewed here support an essential role of the neurovascular and BBB mechanisms in AD pathogenesis.
Morpheus: towards automated SLOs for enterprise clusters (2016)

Modern resource management frameworks for large-scale analytics leave unresolved the problematic tension between high cluster utilization and job's performance predictability--respectively coveted by operators and users. We address this in Morpheus, a new system that: 1) codifies implicit user expectations as explicit Service Level Objectives (SLOs), inferred from historical data, 2) enforces SLOs using novel scheduling techniques that isolate jobs from sharing-induced performance variability, and 3) mitigates inherent performance variance (e.g., due to failures) by means of dynamic reprovisioning of jobs. We validate these ideas against production traces from a 50k node cluster, and show that Morpheus can lower the number of deadline violations by 5× to 13×, while retaining cluster-utilization, and lowering cluster footprint by 14% to 28%. We demonstrate the scalability and practicality of our implementation by deploying Morpheus on a 2700-node cluster and running it against production-derived workloads.
Development of a Microwave&#x2014;Accelerated Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence 40 Second, &lt;100 cfu/mL Point of Care Assay for the Detection of Chlamydia Trachomatis (2010)

An inexpensive technology to both lyse Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and detect DNA released from CT within 40 s is demonstrated. In a microwave cavity, energy is highly focused using 100-nm gold films with "bow-tie" structures to lyse CT within 10 s. The ultrafast detection of the released DNA from less than 100 cfu/mL CT is accomplished in an additional 30 s by employing the microwave-accelerated metal-enhanced fluorescence technique. This new "release and detect" platform technology is a highly attractive alternative method for the lysing of bacteria, DNA extraction, and the fast quantification of bacteria and potentially other pathogenic species and cells as well. Our approach is a significant step forward for the development of a point of care test for CT.
HMGB1-Dependent Triggering of HIV-1 Replication and Persistence in Dendritic Cells as a Consequence of NK-DC Cross-Talk (2008)

These observations provide evidence for the crucial role of NK-DC cross-talk in promoting viral dissemination, and challenge the question of the in vivo involvement of HMGB1 in the triggering of HIV-1 replication and replenishment of viral reservoirs in AIDS.
Automated Image Analysis for Distortion Compensation in Sequencing Gel Electrophoresis (1992)

A computerized method is described for correcting systematic distortion of images from slab gel electrophoresis. Such distortions can lead to misinterpretation of the information contained in the gel. The method is useful for data analysis in one-dimension slab gel electrophoresis where the information is manifested in rectangular shaped bands, such as conventional restriction digest or sequencing gels, and the distortions can be adequately described by continuous low-order polynomial functions. The purpose is to eliminate human skill and judgement from the process and to minimize human interaction, which would be useful in any future attempts to automate the analysis of electrophoretic gels.
Tumor-associated hyaluronic acid: a new sensitive and specific urine marker for bladder cancer. (1997)

Hyaluronic acid (HA), a glycosaminoglycan, is known to promote tumor cell adhesion and migration, and its small fragments stimulate angiogenesis. We compared levels of HA in the urine of normal individuals and patients with bladder cancer or other genitourinary conditions, using a sensitive ELISA-like assay. Among the 144 specimens analyzed, the urinary HA levels of bladder cancer patients with G1 (255 +/- 41.7 ng/mg), G2 (291.8 +/- 68.3 ng/mg) and G3 (428.4 +/- 67 ng/mg) tumors are 4-9-fold elevated as compared to those of normal individuals (44.7 +/- 6.2 ng/mg) and patients with other genitourinary conditions (69.5 +/- 6.8 ng/mg; P < 0.001). Urinary HA measurement by the ELISA-like assay shows a sensitivity of 91.9% and specificity of 92.8% to detect bladder cancer. Thus, urinary HA measurement is a simple, noninvasive yet highly sensitive and specific method for bladder cancer detection. The increase in urinary HA concentration is a direct correlate of the elevated tumor-associated HA levels, because the HA levels are also elevated (3-5-fold) in bladder tumor tissues (P < 0.001). The profiles of urinary HA species of normal individuals and bladder cancer patients are different. Although only the intermediate-size HA species are found in the urine of normal and low-grade bladder tumor patients, the urine of high-grade bladder cancer patients contains both the high molecular mass and the small angiogenic HA fragments. These urinary HA fragments stimulate a mitogenic response (2.4-fold) in primary human microvessel endothelial cells, suggesting that the small HA fragments may regulate tumor angiogenesis by modulating endothelial cell functions.
Analysis of silicide process defects by non-contact electron-beam charging (1992)

Electron beam charging without any conventional electrical measurements has been used to understand gate electrode leakage currents in a silicide process. Using this technique, it was determined that the leakage is caused by single defects which are small compared to the typical circuit dimensions, which occur on the gate perimeter, and are randomly distributed. Combined with one additional process step, it was determined that the leakage is not due to silicide bridging, but rather to a gate oxide overetch. The measurement has been instituted as an inline process monitor to screen for silicide leakage defects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Understanding and characterizing insights (2008)

Even though "providing insight" has been considered one of the main purposes of information visualization (InfoVis), we feel that insight is still a not-well-understood concept in this context. Inspired by research in sensemaking, we realized the importance of the procedural aspects in understanding insight. Thus, rather than asking "What is insight?" we instead focus on "How do people gain insights?" In an effort to better understand and characterize insight, we reviewed previous literature in InfoVis, seeking other researchers' comments and views on this concept. We found that: 1) Insights are often regarded as end results of using InfoVis and the procedures to gain insight have been largely veiled; 2) Four largely distinctive processes of gaining insight (Provide Overview, Adjust, Detect Pattern, and Match Mental Model) have been discussed in the InfoVis literature; and 3) These different processes provide some hints to understand the procedures in which insight can be gained from InfoVis. We hope that our findings help researchers and practitioners evaluate InfoVis systems and technologies in a more insight-oriented way.
Humoral immunity to HIV‐1: neutralization and beyond (2007)

Humoral immunity is considered a key component of effective vaccines against HIV-1. Hence, an enormous effort has been put into investigating the neutralizing antibody response to HIV-1 over the past 20 years which generated key information on epitope specificity, potency, breadth and in vivo activity of the neutralizing antibodies. Less clear is still the role of antibody-mediated effector functions (antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, phagocytosis, complement system) and uncertainty prevails whether Fc-mediated mechanisms are largely beneficial or detrimental for the host. The current knowledge on the manifold functions of the humoral immune response in HIV infection, their underlying mechanisms and potential in vaccine-induced immunity will be discussed in this review.
A comparison of muscle with artificial actuators (2003)

'Artificial' actuator technologies under development include shape memory alloys, piezoelectric actuators, magnetostrictive actuators, contractile polymers and electrostatic actuators. The relevant properties of muscle are outlined and compared with a variety of artificial actuators. These and other actuators, such as regular and superconducting electromagnetic motors, internal combustion engines, hydraulic motors, pneumatic actuators, are reviewed and compared with muscle elsewhere (see Hunter, 1990; Hollerbach et al., 1991).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Endothelial Secretory Function and Atherothrombosis (2004)

This chapter contains sections titled: Biosynthesis of PGI2 and TXA2 Regulation of Cardiovascular Homeostasis by PGI2 and TXA2 Deficiency of Endothelial PGI2 in Atherosclerosis Possible Role of Platelets in Early Inflammatory Events of Atherosclerosis Endothelial Dysfunction in Atherosclerosis and Its Pharmacological Correction Conclusion References
Lipofection: a highly efficient, lipid-mediated DNA-transfection procedure. (1987)

A DNA-transfection protocol has been developed that makes use of a synthetic cationic lipid, N-[1-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (DOTMA). Small unilamellar liposomes containing DOTMA interact spontaneously with DNA to form lipid-DNA complexes with 100% entrapment of the DNA, DOTMA facilitates fusion of the complex with the plasma membrane of tissue culture cells, resulting in both uptake and expression of the DNA. The technique is simple, highly reproducible, and effective for both transient and stable expression of transfected DNA. Depending upon the cell line, lipofection is from 5- to greater than 100-fold more effective than either the calcium phosphate or the DEAE-dextran transfection technique.