gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD28-B7 blockade after alloantigenic challenge in vivo inhibits Th1 cytokines but spares Th2. (1995)

Blocking the CD28-B7 T cell costimulatory pathway with the fusion protein CTLA4Ig inhibits alloimmune responses in vitro and in vivo and induces tolerance to cardiac allografts in mice and rats, but the mechanisms mediating the tolerant state in vivo are unknown. Here, we report the effects and potential mechanisms of CTLA4Ig in the rat renal allograft model. LEW rats were nephrectomized and received renal allografts from major histocompatibility complex-incompatible WF rats. While all untreated and control immunoglobulin (Ig)-treated animals acutely rejected their allografts and died, 86% of rats that received a single injection of CTLA4Ig on day 2 after transplantation had prolonged survival (> 60-100 days) with preserved renal function. By contrast, only 29% of animals that received CTLA4Ig on the day of engraftment had prolonged survival. Long-term survivors (> 100 days) exhibited donor-specific tolerance, accepting donor-matched WF but acutely rejecting third-party BN cardiac allografts. Immunohistological analysis of grafts sampled at 1 week after transplantation showed that both control and CTLA4Ig-treated animals had mononuclear cell infiltrates, with a higher percentage of CD4+ cells in the CTLA4Ig-treated group. However, while this was associated with vasculitis and tubulitis in control grafts, there was no evidence of tissue injury in CTLA4Ig-treated animals. The immune response leading to graft rejection in control animals was characterized by expression of the T helper (Th) type 1 cytokines interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon-gamma. In contrast, the persistent CD4+ infiltrate without graft rejection in CTLA4Ig-treated animals was associated with increased staining for the Th2-related cytokines IL-4 and IL-10. Furthermore, grafts from CTLA4Ig-treated animals had marked upregulation of intragraft staining for IgG1, but not IgG2a or IgG2b. Administration of rIL-2 to CTLA4Ig-treated animals restored allograft rejection in 50% of animals tested. These results confirm that blockade of the CD28-B7 pathway after alloantigenic challenge induces donor-specific acceptance of vascularized organ allografts, and indicates in this model that CTLA4Ig inhibits Th1 but spares Th2 cytokines in vivo.
Synthesis, processing, and secretion of the Marek's disease herpesvirus A antigen glycoprotein (1986)

The 57,000- to 65,000-dalton (Da) Marek's disease herpesvirus A (MDHV-A) antigen glycoprotein (gp57-65) has a 47,000-Da unglycosylated precursor polypeptide (pr47), as determined by immunological detection after cell-free translation of infected-cell mRNA. Cleavage of its signal peptide yielded a 44,000-Da precursor polypeptide molecule (pr44), detected both in vivo after tunicamycin inhibition of glycosylation and in vitro after dog pancreas microsome processing of pr47. High-resolution pulse-chase studies showed that pr44 was quickly glycosylated (within 1 min) to nearly full size, a rapid processing time consistent with a cotranslational mode of glycosylation. This major glycosylation intermediate was further modified 6 to 30 min postsynthesis (including the addition of sialic acid), and mature MDHV-A was secreted 30 to 120 min postsynthesis. Limited apparent secretion of pr44 occurred only in the first minute postsynthesis, in contrast to the later secretion of most of the MDHV-A polypeptide as the fully glycosylated form described above. In addition, in the presence of tunicamycin a small fraction of the newly synthesized MDHV-A protein appeared as a secreted, partially glycosylated, heterogeneously sized precursor larger than pr44. pr44 constituted the major fraction of the new MDHV-A made in the presence of the inhibitor but the precursor was smaller than mature MDHV-A. These data indicate that there is a minor glycosylation pathway not sensitive to tunicamycin and that "normal" glycosylation is not necessary for secretion. Collectively, the data demonstrate that the rapid release of most of the fully glycosylated form of MHDV-A from the cell shortly after synthesis is true secretion in a well-regulated and precisely programmed way and not the result of cell death and disruption.
Molecular cloning of genetically active fragments of Bacillus DNA in Bacillus subtilis and properties of the vector plasmid pUB110. (1978)

Plasmid pUB110 (approximately 2.8 x 10(6) daltons), originally detected in Staphylococcus aureus, specifies resistance to neomycin and has been transformed into Bacillus subtilis 168, In B. subtilis, pUB110 is stably maintained at about 50 copies per chromosome and renders the host resistant to neomycin sulfate at 5 microgram/ml. pUB110 isolated from B. subtilis transforms Rec+ and recE4-containing strains of B. subtilis at frequencies greater than or equal to 10(3) transformants per microgram of plasmid. pUB110 was transferred by PBS1 or SP10 transduction from B. subtilis to strains of B. pumilus and B. licheniformis. pUB110 is compatible with each of four previously described Bacillus plasmids, including pPL576, pPL10, pPL7065, and pPL2. pUB110 contains a single EcoR1-sensitive site and was used as vector to clone DNA fragments that complement the trpC2 mutation in B. subtilis 168 from EcoR1 digests of the chromosome DNA isolated from B. pumilus strains NRRL B-3275 and NRS576, B. licheniformis strains 9945A and 749C, and B. subtilis 168. Genetic and physical properties of each of the constructed Trp derivatives of pUB110 are described.
Thermally Unstable Ruthenium Oxide Gate Electrodes in Metal/High-k Gate Stacks (2008)

RuO2 films were investigated as a work-function-determining metal in metal/high-k gate stacks required for scaled complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) devices. After a low-thermal-budget processing below 400 °C, RuO2 on HfSiON exhibits a high effective work function of about 5.5 eV, which is applicable in p-channel field-effect transistors. However, RuO2 is easily reduced to Ru metal in metal/high-k gate stacks by annealing above 400 °C. Consequently, the high effective work function is unintentionally lowered. This is because RuO2 is thermodynamically unstable when in contact with W and polycrystalline silicon, which are both common components of a metal gate electrode structure. The insertion of TiN and TaN between RuO2 and W does not suppress the reduction. It is concluded that RuO2 is difficult to employ as a metal gate in metal/high-k gate stacks.
Riboflavin-Photosensitized Changes in Aqueous Solutions of Alginate. Rheological Studies (2003)

Interactions between photoexcited riboflavin (RF), promoted by irradiation in the range of 310-800 nm, and alginate have been studied in air equilibrated aqueous solutions with the aid of rheological methods. Light irradiation of RF causes under aerobic conditions fragmentation of alginate and a decrease in the shear viscosity and other rheological parameters of its solutions. The decrease is most pronounced in concentrated polymer solutions. The photochemical degradation of alginate is inhibited in the presence of the quenchers/scavengers d-mannitol, glutathione, potassium iodide, and sodium azide and in excess oxygen. The addition of thiourea to alginate-RF solutions leads to enhanced degradation of the polymer. Significant shear-thinning effects and deviations from the Cox-Merz rule are observed at higher polymer concentrations.
Hydrodechlorination of Trichloroethylene to Hydrocarbons Using Bimetallic Nickel−Iron Nanoparticles (2002)

High surface-area nickel−iron nanoparticles (1:3 Ni:Fe) have been studied as a reagent for the dehalogenation of trichloroethylene (TCE). Ni−Fe (0.1 g) nanoparticles reduced TCE from a 40-mL saturated aqueous solution (24 ppm) to <6 ppb in 120 min. The dehalogenation reaction, based on the surface area normalized rate constant, was 50−80 times slower using nanoiron or iron filings, respectively. On the bimetallic particles, the reaction occurs by nickel-catalyzed hydrodechlorination. As the iron actively corrodes, the cathodically protected nickel surface chemisorbs hydrogen ions. TCE adsorbed to the Ni surface is thus hydrogenated. This reaction competes kinetically with the evolution of molecular hydrogen. Hydrogenation of the C−Cl bond results in the formation of linear as well as branched saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. The final TCE degradation products are predominantly even-numbered saturated hydrocarbons, such as butane, hexane, and octane. The toxic dehalogenation products vinyl chloride (VC), 1,1-dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE), cis-dichloroethylene (cis-DCE), and trans-dichloroethylene (trans-DCE) form only in trace amounts and do not persist. A kinetic solvent isotope effect of kH2O/D2O = 14 was observed, which indicates that C−H bond formation is rate-determining. This explains why VC and DCE, which are formed at zerovalent iron surfaces by a reaction in which electron transfer is the rate-determining step, do not accumulate. The fast reaction rate and the absence of toxic side products suggest that bimetallic nanoparticles containing good catalysts for hydrogenation (e.g., Ni, Pd, Pt) should be improved materials for the in situ or ex situ dehalogenation of chlorinated organics.
Transcription Factor Tbx3 Is Required for the Specification of the Atrioventricular Conduction System (2008)

The cardiac conduction system consists of distinctive heart muscle cells that initiate and propagate the electric impulse required for coordinated contraction. The conduction system expresses the transcriptional repressor Tbx3, which is required for vertebrate development and controls the formation of the sinus node. In humans, mutations in Tbx3 cause ulnar-mammary syndrome. Here, we investigated the role of Tbx3 in the molecular specification of the atrioventricular conduction system. Expression analysis revealed early delineation of the atrioventricular bundle and proximal bundle branches by Tbx3 expression in human, mouse, and chicken. Tbx3-deficient mice, which die between embryonic day 12.5 and 15.5, ectopically expressed genes for connexin (Cx)43, atrial natriuretic factor (Nppa), Tbx18, and Tbx20 in the atrioventricular bundle and proximal bundle branches. Cx40 was precociously upregulated in the atrioventricular bundle of Tbx3 mutants. Moreover, the atrioventricular bundle and branches failed to exit the cell cycle in Tbx3 mutant embryos. Finally, Tbx3-deficient embryos developed outflow tract malformations and ventricular septal defects. These data reveal that Tbx3 is required for the molecular specification of the atrioventricular bundle and bundle branches and for the development of the ventricular septum and outflow tract. Our data suggest a mechanism in which Tbx3 represses differentiation into ventricular working myocardium, thereby imposing the conduction system phenotype on cells within its expression domain.
Activation of feline spinal neurones by potentiated ventricular contractions and other mechanical cardiac stimuli. (1988)

1. Neurones in the spinal cord were tested for responses to premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), produced by controlled electrical extra stimuli, and other mechanical stimuli applied to the heart. Thirty-eight neurones were antidromically activated from the medial medullary reticular formation and/or the caudal thalamus, and twenty-four neurones did not project to these sites. 2. Only those neurones excited by electrical stimulation of the left stellate ganglion were tested for responses to PVCs. A total of twenty neurones (32%) responded to electrically induced PVCs. Three major patterns of responses occurred. Three neurones exhibited an early burst and a late burst (or bursts) during the arrhythmia, one neurone fired only an early burst, and sixteen neurones responded with only a late burst. The early bursts occurred shortly after the onset of the compensatory pause accompanying the PVC; the late bursts were usually associated with the subsequent potentiated contraction, although the stimulus eliciting the burst must often have occurred late in the compensatory pause. 3. Responses to PVCs were only seen in neurones receiving C fibre and A delta fibre input. However, there were some neurones with both A delta and C input that did not respond to PVCs. No neurones with only A delta input responded to PVCs. 4. Neurones projecting to thalamus were less likely to respond to PVCs than either spinoreticular neurones or neurones with unidentified projections. 5. Neurones responsive to PVCs were likely to exhibit a cardiac rhythmicity in their spontaneous or evoked activity. 6. A total of 42% of tested neurones responded to a rapid infusion of saline into the heart, 52% had a cardiac receptive field, and 74% responded to aortic occlusion. A given neurone might respond to one or more of these stimuli, without responding to every mechanical stimulus tested. 7. Cervical vagotomy never abolished a response to PVCs, although either the spontaneous discharge rate or magnitude of response was sometimes altered. 8. Neurones responsive to PVCs were also responsive to intracardiac bradykinin. In addition, 95% of the neurones received convergent somatic input. 9. We conclude that about a third of spinal neurones excited by electrical stimulation of the left stellate ganglion receive information regarding mechanical, presumably innocuous, events in the heart. Most responsive neurones also receive somatic input and noxious cardiac input, and this information is transmitted to the thalamus, reticular formation, and probably to other spinal segments.
Hexaprenoid Hydroquinones, Novel Inhibitors of the Reverse Transcriptase of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHexaprenoid Hydroquinones, Novel Inhibitors of the Reverse Transcriptase of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1Shoshana Loya, Ruth Tal, Amnon Hizi, Sara Issacs, Yoel Kashman, and Yossi LoyaCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1993, 56, 12, 2120–2125Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 December 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/np50102a014RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views167Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (369 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reply to Honjo et al.: Functional relevant expression of Toso on granulocytes (2013)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
A multiprocessor based robot controller-a Chimera II application (2002)

This paper describes a multiprocessor based controller for the Unimate PUMA 560 robot manipulator developed using the Chimera II RTOS. The controller is designed to provide a flexible and reconfigurable platform for implementing sophisticated robot control algorithms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Open Reading Frame 3 of the Barotolerant Bacterium Strain DSS12 Is Complementary with cydD in Escherichia coli: cydD Functions Are Required for Cell Stability at High Pressure (1996)

Escherichia coli strain JD518, a cydD-deficient mutant, displayed temperature-sensitive and pressure-sensitive growth. The defective cydD gene in this strain was complemented by open reading frame 3 (ORF3), previously identified in DNA from a barotolerant bacterium, strain DSS12, allowing growth of the cydD mutant under high temperature and high pressure conditions. Spectrophotometrical analysis indicated that the cytochrome bd complex which is assembled by the CydD protein was expressed in E. coli strain JD518 carrying the ORF3 gene at the same level as occurred in the wild-type strain. Our results indicate that the cydD gene functions are required for cell stability under the condition of high pressure stress in bacteria.
Advances and applications of DuPont holographic photopolymers (1994)

High performance holographic photopolymer films have been developed to record reflection and transmission holograms. Recent advances in DuPont OmniDex<SUP>TM</SUP> materials, imaging and processing are discussed. A mechanism for holographic recording is presented along with a description of physical properties and holographic performance. Several applications including holographic optical elements are mentioned which can utilize the unique properties of these materials.
The alphaviruses: gene expression, replication, and evolution (1994)

The alphaviruses are a genus of 26 enveloped viruses that cause disease in humans and domestic animals. Mosquitoes or other hematophagous arthropods serve as vectors for these viruses. The complete sequences of the +/- 11.7-kb plus-strand RNA genomes of eight alphaviruses have been determined, and partial sequences are known for several others; this has made possible evolutionary comparisons between different alphaviruses as well as comparisons of this group of viruses with other animal and plant viruses. Full-length cDNA clones from which infectious RNA can be recovered have been constructed for four alphaviruses; these clones have facilitated many molecular genetic studies as well as the development of these viruses as expression vectors. From these and studies involving biochemical approaches, many details of the replication cycle of the alphaviruses are known. The interactions of the viruses with host cells and host organisms have been exclusively studied, and the molecular basis of virulence and recovery from viral infection have been addressed in a large number of recent papers. The structure of the viruses has been determined to about 2.5 nm, making them the best-characterized enveloped virus to date. Because of the wealth of data that has appeared, these viruses represent a well-characterized system that tell us much about the evolution of RNA viruses, their replication, and their interactions with their hosts. This review summarizes our current knowledge of this group of viruses.
Multiple native-like conformations trapped via self-association-induced hydrophobic collapse of the 33-residue β-sheet domain from platelet factor 4 (1995)

Native platelet factor 4 (PF4) (70 residues) has a hydrophobic three-stranded anti-parallel beta-sheet domain on to which is folded an amphipathic C-terminal alpha-helix and an aperiodic N-terminal domain. The 33-amino acid beta-sheet domain from PF4 (residues 23-55) has been synthesized and studied by c.d. and n.m.r. At 10 degrees C and low concentration, peptide 23-55 appears to exist in aqueous solution in a random-coil distribution of highly flexible conformational states. Some preferred conformation, however, is observed, particularly within a relatively stable chain reversal from Leu-45 to Arg-49. As the peptide concentration and/or temperature is increased, a new conformational state(s) appears and intensifies as slowly exchanging (600 MHz 1H-n.m.r. chemical-shift time scale) random-coil resonances disappear. Hill plots of the concentration-dependence indicated mostly tetramer formation as found in native PF4. Although apparent resonance linewidths in aggregate state(s) are of the order of 100 Hz, sequence-specific assignments for most resonances could be made. N.m.r./nuclear Overhauser effect structural analysis indicates the formation of multiple native-like anti-parallel beta-sheet conformations, kinetically trapped via subunit-association-induced hydrophobic collapse and stabilized by low-dielectric electrostatic interactions among/between Gly-28 and Lys-50 in opposing subunits. Results are discussed in terms of protein folding.
Media Synchronization Quality of Packet Scheduling Algorithms (2002)

SUMMARY This paper studies effect of packet scheduling algorithms at routers on media synchronization quality in live audio and video transmission by experiment. In the experiment, we deal with four packet scheduling algorithms: First-In FirstOut, Priority Queueing, Class-Based Queueing and Weighted Fair Queueing. We assess the synchronization quality of both intra-stream and inter-stream with and without media synchronization control. The paper clarifies the features of each algorithm from a media synchronization point of view. A comparison of the experimental results shows that Weighted Fair Queueing is the most efficient packet scheduling algorithm for continuous media among the four.
Heart rate monitoring in dynamic movements from a wearable system (2008)

Heart rate monitoring related to dynamic movements can be a crucial indicator of individual health according to recent researches. It makes it important to found a real-time system for automatic recordings of heart rate variability and physical activity. In this paper, we developed a distributed and synchronized intelligent sensor system using a single, waist-mounted triaxial wireless accelerometer unit and a wireless heart rate monitor. The simple activity classification algorithm of the binary exclusive decision system based on acceleration thresholds and mean heart rate method are employed to evaluate the cardiac status continually during exercises. The results based upon ten subjects performing a series of continuous physical activities (sitting, standing, walking, running, falling and composite exercises) showed that the prototype system provided an effective solution for a large scale health assessment.
Comparative Kinetics of Nucleotide Analog Incorporation by Vent DNA Polymerase (2004)

Comparative kinetic and structural analyses of a variety of polymerases have revealed both common and divergent elements of nucleotide discrimination. Although the parameters for dNTP incorporation by the hyperthermophilic archaeal Family B Vent DNA polymerase are similar to those previously derived for Family A and B DNA polymerases, parameters for analog incorporation reveal alternative strategies for discrimination by this enzyme. Discrimination against ribonucleotides was characterized by a decrease in the affinity of NTP binding and a lower rate of phosphoryl transfer, whereas discrimination against ddNTPs was almost exclusively due to a slower rate of phosphodiester bond formation. Unlike Family A DNA polymerases, incorporation of 9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]X triphosphates (where X is adenine, cytosine, guanine, or thymine; acyNTPs) by Vent DNA polymerase was enhanced over ddNTPs via a 50-fold increase in phosphoryl transfer rate. Furthermore, a mutant with increased propensity for nucleotide analog incorporation (Vent(A488L) DNA polymerase) had unaltered dNTP incorporation while displaying enhanced nucleotide analog binding affinity and rates of phosphoryl transfer. Based on kinetic data and available structural information from other DNA polymerases, we propose active site models for dNTP, ddNTP, and acyNTP selection by hyperthermophilic archaeal DNA polymerases to rationalize structural and functional differences between polymerases.