gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epidermal sheet grafts for repigmentation of vitiligo and piebaldism, with a review of surgical techniques. (1997)

Thin epidermal sheets, obtained by a high-speed air-driven dermatome, were used to repigment white areas in 19 patients with vitiligo and one boy with piebaldism. In the depigmented skin to be treated the epidermis was removed by a rotating diamond fraise under topical and/or local anaesthesia injections. The method was used on most parts of the body, including the eyelids and genitalia. The maximum total area treated on each occasion was 190 cm2. Excellent results could be obtained if the vitiligo had been stable and had not increased anywhere during the last 2 years. Lack of immobilization could explain a poor result in some areas. The donor area on the buttocks healed quickly without depigmentation. In the transplanted area milia were observed in the first 6 months. No scarring was seen. The technique has a niche in the treatment of depigmented skin, especially in larger areas.
Investigation of possible toxicological influences of simmondsin after subacute administration in the rat (1992)

A 5-day administration of 250 mg of simmondsin/kg of body weight did not have any toxicological influences on liver, pancreas, and kidneys using several biochemical parameters. Anatomopathological investigation of kidney, liver, pancreas, stomach, intestine, testis, and seminal vesicle also did not demonstrate any pathological change. Since the concentrations of CN- and of SCN- in the blood are not elevated, it is concluded that there are no indications for a liberation of HCN during the metabolism of simmondsin in the rat. The food intake inhibition and weight-reducing effect of gastrally intubated simmondsin in rats has been confirmed, but there are no indications that HCN causes the food intake reduction or the weight loss after simmondsin intake in rats.
Expression of the multidrug resistance proteins MRP2 and MRP3 in human cholangiocellular carcinomas (2008)

Our findings suggest that the intrinsic multidrug resistance of cholangiocellular and gallbladder carcinomas seems to be independent of MRP2 expression while the expression of MRP3 may contribute to the MDR phenotype.
Levosimendan Reduces Mortality in Adults with Left Ventricular Dysfunction Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2015)

Our meta-analysis demonstrates that Levosimendan improves clinical outcomes in patients with left ventricular dysfunction undergoing cardiac surgery. Results of the ongoing multicenter randomized controlled trial are awaited to provide more conclusive evidence regarding the benefit of this drug.
A p53-derived apoptotic peptide derepresses p73 to cause tumor regression in vivo (2007)

The tumor suppressor p53 is a potent inducer of tumor cell death, and strategies exist to exploit p53 for therapeutic gain. However, because about half of human cancers contain mutant p53, application of these strategies is restricted. p53 family members, in particular p73, are in many ways functional paralogs of p53, but are rarely mutated in cancer. Methods for specific activation of p73, however, remain to be elucidated. We describe here a minimal p53-derived apoptotic peptide that induced death in multiple cell types regardless of p53 status. While unable to activate gene expression directly, this peptide retained the capacity to bind iASPP - a common negative regulator of p53 family members. Concordantly, in p53-null cells, this peptide derepressed p73, causing p73-mediated gene activation and death. Moreover, systemic nanoparticle delivery of a transgene expressing this peptide caused tumor regression in vivo via p73. This study therefore heralds what we believe to be the first strategy to directly and selectively activate p73 therapeutically and may lead to the development of broadly applicable agents for the treatment of malignant disease.
[The relationship between microvessel density and structure in cancer tissues and prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer]. (2002)

MVD and MVS are closely associated with prognosis of NSCLC patients and might be served as parameters estimating patients' prognosis and planning assistant therapy after operation.
Association of AKT1 haplotype with the risk of schizophrenia in Iranian population (2006)

AKT-glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) signaling is a target of lithium and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of mood disorders and schizophrenia. AKT1 protein level is decreased in the peripheral lymphocytes and brains of schizophrenic patients. The SNP2/3/4 TCG haplotype of AKT1 was associated with schizophrenia in patients with Northern European origin. In the present study, we genotyped five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP1-5) of AKT1 gene according to the original study in Iranians comprising of 321 schizophrenic patients and 383 controls, all residing in Mashhad city, Northeastern Iran. Haplotype analysis showed that the frequency of a five-SNP haplotype (AGCAG) was significantly higher in schizophrenic patients (0.068) than that of controls (0.034) (P = 0.03 after Bonferroni correction, OR = 2.04, CI = 1.2-3.4). In stratified analysis by schizophrenia subtypes, the frequency of the same haplotype was significantly higher in disorganized subtype (n = 78, frequency of haplotype=0.081) when compared with normal controls (P = 0.04 after Bonferroni correction, OR = 2.59, CI = 1.3-5.2). Our findings did not confirm the association of AKT1 SNP2/3/4 TCG haplotype with the risk of schizophrenia as reported in the original study but showed the evidence of association with a different haplotype, AKT1 five-SNP AGCAG haplotype, with the risk of schizophrenia in Iranian population.
Structural Aspects of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Required for Transmodulation of erbB-2/neu (1997)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) is known to transmodulate the activity and level of the erbB-2/neu protein in several epithelial cell lines. We therefore determined which structural features of the EGF-R were important in transmodulating erbB-2. We found that the addition of EGF to nontransformed epithelial cells resulted in down-regulation of erbB-2 with the same kinetics and similar extent as the EGF-R. By using cells expressing a series of EGF-R modified by site-directed mutagenesis, we found that EGF-R tyrosine kinase activity was not necessary for down-regulation of erbB-2, but receptor sequences between 899 and 958 in the EGF-R were required. To determine whether transmodulation was associated with activation of erbB-2, tyrosine phosphorylation of erbB-2 was determined following addition of EGF. Again, phosphorylation of erbB-2 following EGF addition did not require the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity of the EGF-R, but did require sequences between 899 and 958. To determine the localization of EGF-R and erbB-2 following EGF addition, the relative distribution of the two receptors was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. Surprisingly, the majority of erbB-2 was found in small cytoplasmic vesicles, whereas the EGF-R was predominantly found on the cell surface. Addition of EGF resulted in a redistribution and consequent colocalization of both receptors in endosomal and lysosomal structures. We conclude that activation and transmodulation of erbB-2 does not require intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity of the EGF-R, but does require sequences in the EGF-R which regulate its trafficking.
A fluidic diode, valves, and a sequential-loading circuit fabricated on layered paper (2012)

Current microfluidic paper-based devices lack crucial components for fluid manipulation. We created a fluidic diode fabricated entirely on a single layer of paper to control the wicking of fluids. The fluidic diode is a two-terminal component that promotes or stops wicking along a paper channel. We further constructed a trigger and a delay valve based on the fluidic diode. Furthermore, we demonstrated a high-level functional circuit, consisting of a diode and a delay valve, to manipulate two fluids in a sequential manner. Our study provides new, transformative tools to manipulate fluid in microfluidic paper-based devices.
Concentration gradients in mixed magnetic and nonmagnetic colloidal suspensions (2008)

An approximate analytic model is derived to describe the equilibrium concentration profile within mixed suspensions of magnetic and nonmagnetic colloidal particles, and a strong qualitative agreement is shown between theory and experiment. This work extends previous theoretical and experimental investigations of density profiles within magnetic nanoparticle fluids, known as ferrofluid.
Mitochondrial Localization of Vitamin D Receptor in Human Platelets and Differentiated Megakaryocytes (2010)

The results reported here suggest that megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet activation, which are calcium-dependent events, might be modulated by a mitochondrial non genomic activity of VDR. These data open challenging future studies on VDR physiological role in platelets and more generally in mitochondria.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae tRNA ligase. Purification of the protein and isolation of the structural gene. (1986)

The tRNA ligase protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the components required for splicing of yeast tRNA precursors in vitro. We have purified this protein to near homogeneity using an affinity elution chromatographic step. Purified tRNA ligase is a 90-kDa protein that, in addition to catalyzing the ligation of tRNA half-molecules in the coupled splicing reaction, will also ligate an artificial substrate. Using this artificial substrate, we provide evidence for the existence of a previously predicted activated intermediate in the ligation reaction. The amino acid sequence of the amino-terminal end of the protein was determined, and we have used this information to isolate the structural gene from a library of yeast DNA. We prove that this DNA encodes the tRNA ligase protein by DNA sequencing and by demonstrating overproduction of the protein.
Toward Single Molecule DNA Sequencing:  Direct Identification of Ribonucleoside and Deoxyribonucleoside 5‘-Monophosphates by Using an Engineered Protein Nanopore Equipped with a Molecular Adapter (2006)

Individual nucleic acid molecules might be sequenced by the identification of nucleoside 5'-monophosphates as they are released by processive exonucleases. Here, we show that single molecule detection with a modified protein nanopore can be used to identify ribonucleoside and 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphates, thereby taking a step along this path. Distinct levels of current block are observed for each of the four members of a set of nucleoside 5'-monophosphates when the molecules bind within a mutant alpha-hemolysin pore, (M113R)(7), equipped with the molecular adapter heptakis-(6-deoxy-6-amino)-beta-cyclodextrin. While our results compare favorably with alternative approaches, further work will be required to improve the accuracy of identification of the nucleic acid bases, to feed each released nucleotide into the pore, and to ensure that every nucleotide is captured by the adapter.
58.2: High‐Performance Large‐Size OLED Tv with Ultra Hd Resolution (2015)

By combining stable array processes and cutting‐edge OLED processes, we successfully fabricated a high‐performance 65‐inch ultra HD TV with excellent visual quality. Our discussion will briefly explain the architecture of the OLED TV and its merits.
Use of DNA Methylation for Cancer Detection and Molecular Classification (2007)

Conjugation of the methyl group at the fifth carbon of cytosines within the palindromic dinucleotide 5'-CpG-3' sequence (DNA methylation) is the best studied epigenetic mechanism, which acts together with other epigenetic entities: histone modification, chromatin remodeling and microRNAs to shape the chromatin structure of DNA according to its functional state. The cancer genome is frequently characterized by hypermethylation of specific genes concurrently with an overall decrease in the level of 5-methyl cytosine, the pathological implication of which to the cancerous state has been well established. While the latest genome-wide technologies have been applied to classify and interpret the epigenetic layer of gene regulation in the physiological and disease states, the epigenetic testing has also been seriously explored in clinical practice for early detection, refining tumor staging and predicting disease recurrence. This critique reviews the latest research findings on the use of DNA methylation in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and staging/classification.
Protocol for efficient generation and characterization of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors (2017)

AAV vectors are a powerful tool for gene transfer approaches. We have established a simple and fast plasmid-based production system for achieving high AAV titers within 6 working days. The same procedure can be used for all serotypes and thus allows direct comparability of different serotypes. In this protocol we describe a step-by-step procedure which results in well-characterized vectors suitable for both in vitro approaches and preclinical studies. keywords: AAV, vector production
Quantitative role of COMT in dopamine clearance in the prefrontal cortex of freely moving mice (2010)

Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) plays an active role in the metabolism of dopamine (DA) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Because of low levels of dopamine transporter (DAT), it is proposed that the majority of released DA is taken up by either norepinephrine transporter (NET) and subsequently metabolized by monoamine oxidize (MAO) or by uptake(2) (to glial cells and post-synaptic neurons) and metabolized by COMT. However, a comprehensive in vivo study of rating the mechanisms involved in DA clearance in the PFC has not been done. Here, we employ two types of microdialysis to study these pathways using DAT, NET and MAO blockers in conscious mice, with or without Comt gene disruption. In quantitative no-net-flux microdialysis, DA levels were increased by 60% in the PFC of COMT-knockout (ko) mice, but not in the striatum and nucleus accumbens. In conventional microdialysis studies, we showed that selective NET and MAO inhibition increased DA levels in the PFC of wild-type mice by two- to fourfold, an effect that was still doubled in COMT-ko mice. Inhibition of DAT had no effect on DA levels in either genotype. Therefore, we conclude that in the mouse, PFC COMT contributes about one half of the total DA clearance.
New Tool for Genome Surgery (2013)

A bacterial system that uses RNA to edit DNA is harnessed for engineering mammalian genomes. [Also see Reports by Cong et al. and Mali et al. ]
Correlation between Serological and Sequencing Analyses of the PorB Outer Membrane Protein in the Neisseria meningitidis Serotyping System (1998)

The current serological typing scheme for Neisseria meningitidis is not comprehensive; a proportion of isolates are not serotypeable. DNA sequence analysis and predicted amino acid sequences were used to characterize the structures of variable-region (VR) epitopes on N. meningitidis PorB proteins (PorB VR typing). Twenty-six porB gene sequences were obtained from GenBank and aligned with 41 new sequences. Primary amino acid structures predicted from those genes were grouped into 30 VR families of related variants that displayed at least 60% similarity. We correlated VR families with monoclonal antibody (MAb) reactivities, establishing a relationship between VR families and epitope locations for 15 serotype-defining MAbs. The current panel of serotype-defining MAbs underestimates by at least 50% the PorB VR variability because reagents for several major VR families are lacking or because a number of VR variants within some families are not recognized by serotype-defining MAbs. These difficulties, also reported for serosubtyping based on the PorA protein, are shown as inconsistent results between serological and sequence analyses, leading to inaccurate strain identification and incomplete epidemiological data. The information from this study enabled the expansion of the panel of MAbs currently available for serotyping, by including MAbs of previously undetermined specificities. Use of the expanded serotype panel enabled us to improve the sensitivity of serotyping by resolving a number of formerly nonserotypeable strains. In most cases, this information can be used to predict the VR family placement of unknown PorB proteins without sequencing the entire porB gene. PorB VR typing complements serotyping, and a combination of both techniques may be used for full characterization of meningococcal strains. The present work represents the most complete and integrated data set of PorB VR sequences and MAb reactivities of serogroup B and C meningococci produced to date.
Cyclo-oxygenase-2 contributes to central sensitization in rats with peripheral inflammation (2003)

It has been widely accepted that prostaglandins are involved in peripheral mechanisms of hyperalgesia. Several lines of evidence suggest that prostaglandins also contribute to the mechanisms underlying hyperalgesia at the level of the spinal cord. The nociceptive flexor reflex of the hind limb was used to test the hypothesis that products of cyclo-oxygenase contribute to the increased excitability of spinal neurons during hyperalgesia induced by peripheral injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the hind paw. The reflex was evoked by electrical stimulation of the sural nerve at an intensity that activated A- and C-fibers, and muscle potentials were recorded in hamstring muscles in decerebrate, spinalized rats. Intrathecal administration of (S)-ibuprofen (1-100 nmol) dose-dependently attenuated the flexor reflex in CFA treated rats but had no effect in untreated rats. (R)-Ibuprofen had no effect on the reflex in either control or CFA-treated rats at the dose tested (100 nmol). Western blots of lumbar spinal cord extracts showed increased levels of cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 protein in the dorsal spinal cord of rats with peripheral inflammation; no change occurred in the level of COX-1. These results indicate that products of COX-2 contribute to the increased excitability of the spinal cord during persistent peripheral inflammation.
The Tau N279K Exon 10 Splicing Mutation Recapitulates Frontotemporal Dementia and Parkinsonism Linked to Chromosome 17 Tauopathy in a Mouse Model (2007)

Intracellular tau deposits are characteristic of several neurodegenerative disorders called tauopathies. The tau protein regulates the stability and assembly of microtubules by binding to microtubules through three or four microtubule-binding repeats (3R and 4R). The number of microtubule-binding repeats is determined by the inclusion or exclusion of the second microtubule-binding repeat encoded by exon 10 of the TAU gene. TAU gene mutations that alter the inclusion of exon 10, and hence the 4R:3R ratio, are causal in the tauopathy frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17). A mutation located in exon 10 has been identified in several FTDP-17 families that present with increased exon 10 inclusion in both mRNA and protein, parkinsonism, movement disorders, and dementia. We have engineered a human tau minigene construct that was designed to allow alternative splicing of the tau exon 10. Here we demonstrate that transgenic mice expressing human tau protein with this mutation develop neurodegeneration as result of aberrant splicing. The mice recapitulate many of the disease hallmarks that are seen in patients with this mutation, including increased tau exon 10 inclusion in both mRNA and protein, motor and behavioral deficits, and tau protein accumulation in neurons and tufted astrocytes. Furthermore, these mice present with degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway, suggesting a possible mechanism for parkinsonism in FTDP-17. Additionally, activated caspase-3 immunoreactivity in both neurons and astrocytes implicates the involvement of the apoptotic pathway in the pathology of these mice.
Improvements in transformer protection and control (2009)

This paper describes protection elements that detect transformer faults quickly and avoid unnecessary transformer disconnections. The paper introduces a differential element that combines the security and dependability of harmonic restraint with the speed of harmonic blocking to optimize relay performance. An additional negative-sequence differential element improves sensitivity for internal turn-to-turn faults under heavy load conditions. External fault detection supervision adds security to this negative-sequence differential element during external faults with CT saturation. The paper also describes a dynamically configurable overcurrent element that improves protection coordination for different operating conditions but does not require settings group changes. In addition, the paper discusses an underload tap changer control system that uses time-synchronized phasor measurements to minimize loop currents and losses in parallel transformer applications.
ASSESSING THE PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT DIRECT-GEOREFERENCING STRATEGIES (2006)

The use of direct georeferencing by GPS/IMU can be distinguished in two different concepts: 1. Direct georeferencing to measure the exterior orientation parameters for photogrammetric data processing without using the aerial triangulation. 2. Direct georeferencing using the aerial triangulation and the automatically measured minor control points (tie and pass points). Each approach is suitable for a specific task taking into consideration many factors, e.g. the required accuracy and the image scale. In general, direct georeferencing without aerial triangulation is used for medium to small scale projects, while direct georeferencing with aerial triangulation is applied to large and medium scales. This paper aims to investigate some of areas that might affect the quality, performance and reliability of the direct georeferencing by pre-processing GPS/IMU including: E Using one reference station with varying baselines lengths (10 km – 230 km) for direct georeferencing. E Using a network of reference stations rather than a single station only. E Using a combined GPS and GALILEO solution. The results of direct georeferencing from real trials using a traditional Zeiss RMK TOP 15 frame camera and a Vexcel UltraCam D digital camera will be presented. Both cameras are fitted with an Applanix POS AV 510, GPS, IMU integrated system. An important question that needs to be considered is how the distance of the reference station from the rover affects the direct georeferencing and the subsequent photogrammetric processes. Also results will be introduced showing the performance of multiple reference stations based on GPS network.
Cleavage motifs of the yeast 20S proteasome β subunits deduced from digests of enolase 1 (1998)

The 436-amino acid protein enolase 1 from yeast was degraded in vitro by purified wild-type and mutant yeast 20S proteasome particles. Analysis of the cleavage products at different times revealed a processive degradation mechanism and a length distribution of fragments ranging from 3 to 25 amino acids with an average length of 7 to 8 amino acids. Surprisingly, the average fragment length was very similar between wild-type and mutant 20S proteasomes with reduced numbers of active sites. This implies that the fragment length is not influenced by the distance between the active sites, as previously postulated. A detailed analysis of the cleavages also allowed the identification of certain amino acid characteristics in positions flanking the cleavage site that guide the selection of the P1 residues by the three active beta subunits. Because yeast and mammalian proteasomes are highly homologous, similar cleavage motifs might be used by mammalian proteasomes. Therefore, our data provide a basis for predicting proteasomal degradation products from which peptides are sampled by major histocompatibility complex class I molecules for presentation to cytotoxic T cells.