gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of Prosthetic Posture Sensing Via Injectable Electronic Modules (2007)

A bionic neuron (BION) is an inductively powered, miniature implant developed for functional electric stimulation (FES) to reanimate paralyzed limbs. This paper investigates the possibility of reusing the BION antenna coil as a magnetic sensor to provide meaningful posture information for feedback control of FES. A variety of techniques have been developed to model and cancel nonideal effects caused by the shapes of the internal and external coils, ferrite material, and electronic connections. Field warping has been employed to both amplitude and direction to achieve more accurate description of the dipole magnetic field generated by external coils suitable for generating a reference magnetic frame in the environment of a wheelchair. Models of the transmitting coil and the receiving BION coil were validated against experimental data, providing a solid foundation for implementing a sensor system. Based on the established model, a magnetic sensing system combined with customized microelectro-mechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometer has been designed and tested as a prototype on the bench. The sensor output can be employed to compute 6-D position and orientation. A two-step algorithm integrated with multiple error-cancelling techniques demonstrated sufficient accuracy in bench tests to appear promising for control of reach-and-grasp tasks. A sensor fusion step is proposed to estimate the position and orientation of a limb segment using data from multiple implants in muscles, where they will also function as neuromuscular stimulators to produce the movements to be controlled.
Total Energy Expenditure Estimated Using Foot–Ground Contact Pedometry (2004)

Routine walking and running, by increasing daily total energy expenditure (TEE), can play a significant role in reducing the likelihood of obesity. The objective of this field study was to compare TEE estimated using foot-ground contact time (Tc)-pedometry (TEE(PEDO)) with that measured by the criterion doubly labeled water (DLW) method. Eight male U.S. Marine test volunteers [27 +/- 4 years of age (mean +/- SD); weight = 83.2 +/- 10.7 kg; height = 182.2 +/- 4.5 cm; body fat = 17.0 +/- 2.9%] engaged in a field training exercise were studied over 2 days. TEE(PEDO) was defined as (calculated resting energy expenditure + estimated thermic effect of food + metabolic cost of physical activity), where physical activity was estimated by Tc-pedometry. Tc-pedometry was used to differentiate inactivity, activity other than exercise (i.e., non-exercise activity thermogenesis, or NEAT), and the metabolic cost of locomotion (M(LOCO)), where M(LOCO) was derived from total weight (body weight + load weight) and accelerometric measurements of Tc. TEE(PEDO) data were compared with TEEs measured by the DLW (2H2(18)O) method (TEE(DLW)): TEE(DLW) = 15.27 +/- 1.65 MJ/day and TEE(PEDO) = 15.29 +/- 0.83 MJ/day. Mean bias (i.e., TEE(PEDO) - TEE(DLW)) was 0.02 MJ, and mean error (SD of individual differences between TEE(PEDO) and TEE(DLW)) was 1.83 MJ. The Tc-pedometry method provided a valid estimate of the average TEE of a small group of physically active subjects where walking was the dominant activity.
Cyclic AMP induction of early adenovirus promoters involves sequences required for E1A trans-activation. (1988)

Early in adenovirus infection, the E1A (early region 1A) oncogene products trans-activate the other early viral transcription units, as well as some cellular promoters. The mechanism by which E1A elicits its activity is still unknown. In this report, I show that the adenovirus E2a and E3 promoters are cAMP inducible in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells and that this activation requires the presence of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase II. Using deletion mutants of the E2a promoter, it was found that the sequence TACGTCAT located between positions -70 and -77 is involved in both the cAMP response and the E1A trans-activation. Also, in the mutant PC12 cell line A126-2B, which lacks the cAMP-dependent protein kinase II, E1A is still able to activate E2a and E3 promoters. This suggests that E1A products may circumvent the lack of the kinase by activating an alternative signal transduction pathway, which could mimic the effect of agonists of adenylate cyclase. I propose that E1A is capable of modifying by phosphorylation, either directly or indirectly, the transcription factor that binds the ACGTCA motif. Such a factor, termed ATF (adenovirus transcription factor), has already been characterized and appears to have strong similarities to the transcriptional factor CREB (cAMP responsive element binding protein), which binds homologous sequences in cAMP responsive genes, such as somatostatin and c-fos.
Therapeutic Targeting of c-Myc in T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL) (2014)

T-ALL patients treated with intensive chemotherapy achieve high rates of remission. However, frequent long-term toxicities and relapses into chemotherapy-refractory tumors constitute major clinical challenges which could be met by targeted therapies. c-MYC is a central oncogene in T-ALL, prompting the exploration of the efficacy of MYC inhibitors such as JQ1 (BET-bromodomain inhibitor), and SAHA (HDAC inhibitor). Using a standardized ex vivo drug screening assay, we show here that JQ1 and SAHA show competitive efficiency compared to inhibitors of proteasome, PI3K/AKT/mTOR and NOTCH pathways, and synergize in combination with Vincristine. We also compared for the first time the in vivo relevance of such associations in mice xenografted with human primary T-ALLs. Our data indicate that although treatments combining JQ1 or SAHA with chemotherapeutic regimens might represent promising developments in T-ALL, combinations will need to be tailored to specific subgroups of responsive patients, the profiles of which still remain to be precisely defined.
Microfluidic components for biological and chemical microreactors (2002)

Miniaturized reaction systems offer many advantages for a large number of applications in chemical engineering and biotechnology. The very large surface-to-volume ratio of miniaturized fluidic components allows for a significantly enhanced process control and heat management, enabling the performance of chemical reactions in quite unusual reaction regimes. Miniaturized chemical systems offer unique possibilities for the distributed point-of-use production of toxic or explosive chemicals. The extremely large number of syntheses necessary for the development of new, for example pharmaceutical, products, demands the use of automated processing systems capable of handling very small amounts of liquids. Current microfabrication techniques offer possibilities to fabricate high precision microfluidic components, like static mixers, heat exchangers and micropumps from a large variety of function adapted materials. Improvements of the microstructuring capabilities of traditional precision mechanics techniques, like spark erosion based processes, lead to a significant enhancement of the range of materials to be used for the construction of micro reaction systems.
Programmable matter by folding (2010)

Programmable matter is a material whose properties can be programmed to achieve specific shapes or stiffnesses upon command. This concept requires constituent elements to interact and rearrange intelligently in order to meet the goal. This paper considers achieving programmable sheets that can form themselves in different shapes autonomously by folding. Past approaches to creating transforming machines have been limited by the small feature sizes, the large number of components, and the associated complexity of communication among the units. We seek to mitigate these difficulties through the unique concept of self-folding origami with universal crease patterns. This approach exploits a single sheet composed of interconnected triangular sections. The sheet is able to fold into a set of predetermined shapes using embedded actuation. To implement this self-folding origami concept, we have developed a scalable end-to-end planning and fabrication process. Given a set of desired objects, the system computes an optimized design for a single sheet and multiple controllers to achieve each of the desired objects. The material, called programmable matter by folding, is an example of a system capable of achieving multiple shapes for multiple functions.
Control of Nucleation Site and Growth Orientation of Bulk GaN Crystals (1999)

The melt growth of bulk GaN crystals is hindered by high nitrogen pressure (∼45000 atm) at melting point. Recently, bulk GaN crystals were grown at a pressure of ∼100 atm by means of Na flux. However, the flux growth method failed to control the nucleation site and growth orientation of GaN. In this work, oriented GaN crystals were obtained by means of a seeded Na flux method with the addition of oriented AlN(0001) film to the growth ambient. The nucleation of bulk GaN was spatially confined to the top surface of the AlN film and grown with the GaN[0001] axis parallel to the AlN[0001] axis. In contrast, no bulk GaN was observed on the SiC(0001) surface which was also lattice matched with the GaN. Both X-ray diffraction (XRD) and cathodoluminescence confirm the high quality of the as-grown GaN.
Serum Levels of B-Cell Maturation Antigen Are Elevated in Multiple Myeloma Patients and Correlate with Disease Status and Overall Survival (2012)

Abstract Abstract 4026 Background: B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is a receptor whose expression increases during B-cell development and is found on malignant cells from multiple myeloma (MM) patients; however, it has not been identified in human serum. Methods: Following informed consent (Western IRB BIO 001), serum was isolated from MM patients and analyzed with a BCMA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Values represent the mean of triplicate experiments. Our human MM xenograft (LAGκ-2) was grown in SCID mice, and animals were treated with bortezomib (BORT) and cyclophosphamide (CY); tumor volume and BCMA levels were determined. Statistical significance of differences observed was determined using a Student's t test and analysis was determined using GraphPad prism software. Results: The serum BCMA levels from newly diagnosed MM patients (n = 58) was much higher (13.26 ng/ml) than among age-matched healthy subjects (n = 45; median 2.57 ng/ml; P &lt; 0.0001) and MGUS subjects (n = 25; median 4.43 ng/ml; P = 0.002). Notably, protein levels were much higher among patients with relapsed or refractory disease (n = 88; median 18.99 ng/ml) compared to those with responsive (&gt; partial response) disease (n = 95; median 3.48 ng/ml; P = 0.0016). Following treatment, patients with responsive disease showed decreases in BCMA levels whereas those with progressive disease showed increases. Additionally, with a median follow-up of 8 months (range, &lt; 0 – 83 months), MM patients (n = 193) with BCMA levels above the median (8.43 ng/ml) showed a shortened survival compared to those with amounts below the median concentration (P &lt; 0.0001). Following treatment with BORT and CY, we also showed a marked decrease in tumor volume and serum human BCMA levels in mice bearing the MM LAGκ-2 xenograft whereas untreated animals showed marked increases in tumor size and serum BCMA. Conclusions: This is the first report identifying serum BCMA in any human disease and suggests that these levels may be a novel biomarker for monitoring disease status and therapeutic response in MM patients. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Fermi level pinning at the polySi/metal oxide interface (2004)

We report here for the first time that Fermi pinning at the polySi/metal oxide interface causes high threshold voltages in MOSFET devices. Results indicate that pinning occurs due to the interfacial Si-Hf and Si-O-Al bonds for HfO/sub 2/ and Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, respectively. This fundamental characteristic also affects the observed polySi depletion. Device data and simulation results will be presented.
Investigation of limiting metabolic steps in the utilization of xylose by recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae using metabolic engineering (2005)

A Saccharomyces cerevisiae screening strain was designed by combining multiple genetic modifications known to improve xylose utilization with the primary objective of enhancing xylose growth and fermentation in xylose isomerase (XI)-expressing strains. Strain TMB 3045 was obtained by expressing the XI gene from Thermus thermophilus in a strain in which the GRE3 gene coding for aldose reductase was deleted, and the genes encoding xylulokinase (XK) and the enzymes of the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) [transaldolase (TAL), transketolase (TKL), ribose 5-phosphate ketol-isomerase (RKI) and ribulose 5-phosphate epimerase (RPE)] were overexpressed. A xylose-growing and fermenting strain (TMB 3050) was derived from TMB 3045 by repeated cultivation on xylose medium. Despite its low XI activity, TMB 3050 was capable of aerobic xylose growth and anaerobic ethanol production at 30 degrees C. The aerobic xylose growth rate reached 0.17 l/h when XI was replaced with xylose reductase (XR) and xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) genes expressed from a multicopy plasmid, demonstrating that the screening system was functional. Xylose growth had not previously been detected in strains in which the PPP genes were not overexpressed or when overexpressing the PPP genes but having XR and XDH genes chromosomally integrated. This demonstrates the necessity to simultaneously increase the conversion of xylose to xylulose and the metabolic steps downstream of xylulose for efficient xylose utilization in S. cerevisiae.
The High-k Solution (2007)

The Intel's Core 2 microprocessors, based on the latest 45-nanometer CMOS process technology have more transistors and run faster and cooler than microprocessors fabricated with the previous, 65-nm process generation. For compute-intensive music, video, and gaming applications, users will see a hefty performance increase.
Nanoceria exhibit redox state-dependent catalase mimetic activity (2010)

In this study we have found that cerium oxide nanoparticles exhibit catalase mimetic activity. Surprisingly, the catalase mimetic activity correlates with a reduced level of cerium in the +3 state, in contrast to the relationship between surface charge and superoxide scavenging properties.
Resource access control for an internet user agent (1997)

The rapid increase in the Internet&amp;apos;s connectivity has lead to proportional increase in the development of Web-based applications. Usage of downloadable content has proved effective in a number of emerging applications including electronic commerce, software components on-demand, and collaborative systems. In all these cases, Internet user agents (like browsers, tuners) are widely used by the clients to utilize and execute such downloadable content. With this new technology of using downloadable content comes the problem of the downloaded content obtaining unauthorized access to the client&amp;apos;s resources. In effect, granting a hostile remote principal the requested access to client&amp;apos;s resources may lead to undesirable consequences. Hence it is important for the browsers to provide a framework such that the user can fine tune his system according to his trust relationship with the content authors. Currently available systems either do not allow the downloaded content to access any of the loc...
Engineering of conformations of plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (1999)

The serpin (serine proteinase inhibitor) family is of general protein chemical interest because of its ability to undergo large conformational changes, in which the surface-exposed reactive centre loop (RCL) is inserted as strand 4 in the large central beta-sheet A. Loop insertion is an integral part of the inhibitory mechanism and also takes place at conversion of serpins to the latent state, occurring spontaneously only in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). We have investigated the importance of beta-strand 5A residues for the activity and latency transition of PAI-1. An approximately fourfold increase in the rate of latency transition resulted from His-substitution of Gln324 (position 334 in the alpha(1)-proteinase inhibitor template numbering), which interacts with the underlying alpha-helix B. The side chains of Gln321 and Lys325 (template residues 331 and 335, respectively) form hydrogen bonds to the peptide backbone of a loop connecting alpha-helix F and beta-strand 3A. While substitution with Ala of Glu321 had only minor effects on the properties of PAI-1, substitution with Ala of Lys325 led to stabilization of the inhibitory activity at incubation conditions leading to conversion of wild-type PAI-1 to a substrate form, and to an anomalous reaction towards a monoclonal antibody, which induced a delay in the latency transition of the mutant, but not wild-type PAI-1. We conclude that the anchoring of beta-strand 5A plays a crucial role in loop insertion. These findings provide new information about the mechanism of an important example of protein conformational changes.
Ultra low power CMOS technology (1991)

This paper discusses the motivation, opportunities, and problems associated with implementing digital logic at very low voltages, including the challenge of making use of the available real estate in 3D multichip modules, energy requirements of very large neural networks, energy optimization metrics and their impact on system design, modeling problems, circuit design constraints, possible fabrication process modifications to improve performance, and barriers to practical implementation.
Graph-theoretic algorithms for image segmentation (2003)

Image segmentation partitions a digital image into disjoint regions, each region is homogeneous, while adjacent regions are not. A variety of methods have been used to perform segmentation, but only a few utilize graph theory. We introduce a new approximation method for partitioning based on cutsets. During domain-dependent feature analysis, a complete, weighted graph, K,, is produced. Nodes correspond to pixels or groups of pixels, and edge weights measure the similarity between nodes. Partitioning seeks to minimize the inter-segment and maximize the intra-segment similarity. Given such a weighted graph, our method determines a maximal spanning tree. Of the 2/sup n-1/ possible partitions, only those fundamental cutsets corresponding to the edges in a spanning tree are evaluated. Our implementations include adaptation of three similarity measures using this approach. The effectiveness of the three similarity measures on a number of actual images is demonstrated.
Amidination of lipase with hydrophobic imidoesters (1992)

Lipase from Candida rugosa was chemically modified by amidination with imidoester hydrochlorides of different hydrophobicity. The modified enzyme showed a higher ester synthesis activity but a lower ester hydrolysis activity compared with the native enzyme. The maximum specific activity of the modified enzyme depended on its degree of derivatization. Benzene was found to be the best solvent for the synthesis reaction. The optimal temperature for the reaction was not affected by modification of the lipase. The modified lipase was more thermostable and solvent‐stable than the native enzyme. When fatty acids of different carbon chainlength were tested as substrates in the synthesis of esters with the modified lipase, the highest activity was observed with myristic acid and propanol.
Designing peptide based nanomaterials (2008)

This tutorial review looks at the design rules that allow peptides to be exploited as building blocks for the assembly of nanomaterials. These design rules are either derived by copying nature (alpha-helix, beta-sheet) or may exploit entirely new designs based on peptide derivatives (peptide amphiphiles, pi-stacking systems). We will examine the features that can be introduced to allow self-assembly to be controlled and directed by application of an externally applied stimulus, such as pH, light or enzyme action. Lastly the applications of designed self-assembly peptide systems in biotechnology (3D cell culture, biosensing) and technology (nanoelectronics, templating) will be examined.
Nothing to Declare (2016)

Description of the video performance:Nothing to Declare is a research-based video performance that explores borders within Lebanon, those between Lebanon and its neighbors, and across the Arab world. We took a journey along the abandoned train tracks of Lebanon. Our starting point was a derelict station in Beirut, and continued as each one of us set off on a different trip following one of the three train tracks. Our travels revealed past and present uses of these tracks and the stations that dotted them. Some were abandoned. Others were turned into makeshift housing.
Frequent multiplication of the long arm of chromosome 8 in hepatocellular carcinoma. (1993)

Frequent allelic losses at loci on several chromosomes have been detected in human hepatocellular carcinomas, but other types of chromosomal abnormalities have not been characterized well. Using eight polymorphic DNA markers on chromosome 8, we examined 120 primary hepatocellular carcinomas for abnormalities in the copy number of these loci in tumor cells. A 2- to 6-fold increase in intensities of bands representing single alleles was observed in 32 of the 78 tumors that were informative for one or more of the markers, indicating an increase in copy number ("multiplication") of alleles on 8q. The regions that multiplied varied from almost the entire long arm to a distal segment of chromosome 8, but a terminal region distal to 8q24.11 was multiplied in all 32 cases. Similar multiplications on 8q were detected in nine of 56 colorectal carcinomas that were informative for one or more of the markers. Our study demonstrated that polymorphic DNA markers can be used to detect numerical abnormalities of chromosomal material in solid tumors in which cytogenetic analysis is technically difficult.
Towards IP geolocation using delay and topology measurements (2006)

We present Topology-based Geolocation (TBG), a novel approach to estimating the geographic location of arbitrary Internet hosts. We motivate our work by showing that 1) existing approaches, based on end-to-end delay measurements from a set of landmarks, fail to outperform much simpler techniques, and 2) the error of these approaches is strongly determined by the distance to the nearest landmark, even when triangulation is used to combine estimates from different landmarks. Our approach improves on these earlier techniques by leveraging network topology, along with measurements of network delay, to constrain host position. We convert topology and delay data into a set of constraints, then solve for router and host locations simultaneously. This approach improves the consistency of location estimates, reducing the error substantially for structured networks in our experiments on Abilene and Sprint. For networks with insufficient structural constraints, our techniques integrate external hints that are validated using measurements before being trusted. Together, these techniques lower the median estimation error for our university-based dataset to 67 km vs. 228 km for the best previous approach.