gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sulfated fucans, fresh perspectives: structures, functions, and biological properties of sulfated fucans and an overview of enzymes active toward this class of polysaccharide (2003)

Sulfated fucans, frequently referred to simply as fucans, constitute a class of polysaccharides first isolated in 1913. For many years fucans were regarded only as a potential source of l-fucose, although their anticoagulant activity was known. Even as the potent effects of fucans on physiological systems have become better characterized, structural studies have lagged behind. Recently the search for new drugs has raised increased interest in sulfated fucans. In the past few years, several structures of algal and invertebrate fucans have been solved, and many aspects of their biological activity have been elucidated. From this work emerges a more interesting picture of this class of polysaccharides than was previously suspected. The availability of purified fucans and fucan fractions with simple, but varied structures, in conjunction with the development of new enzymatic tools, demonstrate that the biological properties of sulfated fucans are not only a simple function of their charge density but also are determined by detailed structural features.
Cell-Cell Interaction-dependent Regulation of N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase III and the Bisected N-Glycans in GE11 Epithelial Cells (2006)

Changes in oligosaccharide structures are associated with numerous physiological and pathological events. In this study, the effects of cell-cell interactions on N-linked oligosaccharides (N-glycans) were investigated in GE11 epithelial cells. N-glycans were purified from whole cell lysates by hydrazinolysis and then detected by high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Interestingly, the population of the bisecting GlcNAc-containing N-glycans, the formation of which is catalyzed by N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnT-III), was substantially increased in cells cultured under dense conditions compared with those cultured under sparse conditions. The expression levels and activities of GnT-III but not other glycosyltransferases, such as GnT-V and alpha1,6-fucosyltransferase, were also consistently increased in these cells. However, this was not observed in mouse embryonic fibroblasts or MDA-MB231 cells, in which E-cadherin is deficient. In contrast, perturbation of E-cadherin-mediated adhesion by treatment with EDTA or a neutralizing anti-E-cadherin antibody abolished the up-regulation of expression of GnT-III. Furthermore, we observed the significant increase in GnT-III activity under dense growth conditions after restoration of the expression of E-cadherin in MDA-MB231 cells. Our data together indicate that a E-cadherin-dependent pathway plays a critical role in regulation of GnT-III expression. Given the importance of GnT-III and the dynamic regulation of cell-cell interaction during tissue development and homeostasis, the changes in GnT-III expression presumably contribute to intracellular signaling transduction during such processes.
Preparation and Characterization of the Eu3+ Doped Perovskite Nanosheet Phosphor: La0.90Eu0.05Nb2O7 (2007)

Eu3+-doped perovskite nanosheets, La0.90Eu0.05Nb2O7, have been prepared by the soft chemical exfoliation reaction of K1−xHxLa0.90Eu0.05Nb2O7 with a tetrabuthylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution. The resulting colloidal La0.90Eu0.05Nb2O7 nanosheet suspension exhibits photoluminescence emission from the 5D0 to 7FJ manifold transitions of Eu3+ by either direct excitation of Eu3+ or host excitation, whereas no host emission was observed at room temperature. In the case of the bulk precursors K1−xHxLa0.90Eu0.05Nb2O7, the direct excitation yields more intense emission than the host excitation. On the contrary, the most intense emission from the La0.90Eu0.05Nb2O7 nanosheets was observed by exciting at the broad excitation band maximum (353 nm). The difference in the photoluminescence properties between the La0.90Eu0.05Nb2O7 nanosheets and their bulk precursors seems to be related to the dimensionality of these host structures and the confinement of the energy-transfer process between the host layer units and Eu3+ activators.
Negative gold ion gun for liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNegative gold ion gun for liquid secondary ion mass spectrometryCharles N. McEwen and J. Ronald. HassCite this: Anal. Chem. 1985, 57, 4, 890–892Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00281a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00281a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views49Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structures of the rfaB, rfaI, rfaJ, and rfaS genes of Escherichia coli K-12 and their roles in assembly of the lipopolysaccharide core (1992)

Analysis of the sequence of a 4.1-kb rfa region downstream from rfaP revealed four genes. The first of these encodes a basic protein of 36,730 Da and does not correspond to any known rfa gene. It has been designated rfaS. The second gene was identified as rfaB on the basis of its ability to complement a Salmonella typhimurium rfaB mutant and encodes a 42,060-Da protein. The third and fourth genes encode proteins of 39,423 and 36,046 Da which are strongly homologous to the RfaI and RfaJ proteins of S. typhimurium. Escherichia coli K-12 restriction fragments carrying these genes complement an S. typhimurium rfaI mutant and, at lower efficiency, an rfaJ mutant. The difference in complementation efficiency suggests that the rfaI and rfaJ genes of E. coli K-12 have sugar and acceptor specificities different from those of S. typhimurium, as predicted from the different lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core structures of the two organisms. Defined mutations affecting all four genes were constructed in vitro and crossed onto the chromosome. The phenotypes of these mutations suggest that extension of the core may require protein-protein interactions between the enzymes involved in core completion as well as the interaction of these enzymes with their specific acceptor molecules. Mutants blocked at rfaI or genes encoding earlier steps in core biosynthesis exhibited a single predominant LPS band on gels while mutants blocked at rfaJ or genes encoding later steps produced multiple strong bands, indicating that one of the processes generating core heterogeneity requires a functional rfaI gene.
Development of a microtitre plate enzyme immunoassay for the determination of progesterone (1984)

A rapid, solid-phase microtitre plate enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for progesterone is described using progesterone 3-O-carboxymethyloxime-horseradish peroxidase as the label and an antiserum raised in rabbits to a progesterone 11 alpha-hemisuccinyl-bovine serum albumin immunogen. A competitive reaction was used with a reaction time of 2 h. Antibody-bound and free steroid were separated in a simple washing step of the antibody-adsorbed well surface. 2,2'-Azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulphonic acid) diammonium salt was used as the substrate with a reaction time of 1 h. A lower limit of sensitivity of 0.25 pg/well was obtained with the response being linear (logit/log) through 1000 pg/well. Results obtained by EIA and radioimmunoassay in several species gave excellent agreement (r = 0.98). This assay system allows accurate determination of progesterone in plasma with good specificity, precision and accuracy, and is suitable for the rapid assessment of luteal function and reproductive status in both clinical and research situations in a wide variety of species.
Versatile Prostate Cancer Treatment with Inducible Caspase and Interleukin-12 (2005)

To establish optimized conditions for immunity against prostate cancer, we compared the efficacy of multiple approaches in autochthonous and s.c. transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP)-based models. Mice immunized with interleukin (IL)-12-containing apoptotic, but not necrotic TRAMP-C2 cell-based, vaccines were resistant to TRAMP-C2 tumor challenge and re-challenge, independently of the route of vaccination (s.c. or i.p.). Administration of gamma-irradiated TRAMP-C2 cells preinfected with adenovirus containing both B7-1 and IL-12 genes, unlike adenovirus containing B7-1 alone, considerably protected C57BL/6 mice from TRAMP-C2 tumor growth and extended the life span of TRAMP mice. Vaccines that included dendritic cells, instead of IL-12, were equally efficient. Whereas injections of ligand-inducible caspase-1- and IL-12-containing adenoviruses cured small s.c. TRAMP-C2 tumors, nanopump-regulated delivery of viruses led to elimination of much larger tumors. The antitumor immune responses involved CD4+-, CD8+-, and natural killer cells and were strengthened by increasing the number of vaccinations. Intraprostatic administration of inducible caspase-1- and IL-12-containing adenoviruses resulted in local cell death and improved survival of adenocarcinoma-bearing TRAMP mice. Thus, tumor cell apoptosis induced by caspase in situ and accompanied by IL-12 is efficient against prostate cancer in a preclinical model.
Development of attachable modules for robotizing daily items -Person following shopping cart robot- (2007)

We introduces a development of attachable module for robotizing daily items. We aim at realization of robotizing daily items aiming at popularization in a robot’s everyday life. We set the shopping cart as the concrete target. The aim of this study is to develop a porting system for large sized facilities, where the object item is autonomously carried by a person following (“after you”) porting robot. The driving module and the sensor module are developed for development of a shopping cart robot. The outdoor running of the robot is attained by reforming a drive mechanism. Manual control is needed for the risk aversion at the time of a reckless run, or an operation test. The driving mechanism is used the compatible system which can change manual control and automatic control. This sensor has stereo camera and is used for person following system. The following system is the method of using together distance information and the information on a color. Template matching using the HSV color system as information on a color is performed. We do the operation test about the driving mechanism, the compatible control system, and the person following operation, and performed the check of the robot of movement. By the experiment, while the shopping cart robot carried baggage, we check that it was possible to perform following operation.
Corruption in Latvia: survey evidence (1998)

This report presents the main findings of Latvia's diagnostic corruption surveys. The survey evidence suggests that corruption in public service delivery is a serious concern. The trend appears to be getting worse, and more importantly, certain aspects of public sector service delivery suggest an environment that is fostering an expansion of corrupt practices. The surveys also present clear evidence of certain vicious circles that point to increasing entrenchment of corruption, expansion of the unofficial economy, and deterioration in the quality of government services.
Eukaryotic signal sequence transports insulin antigen in Escherichia coli. (1980)

We made a series of plasmids with unique Pst restriction sites within or near the DNA that encodes the penicillinase signal sequence. Inserted DNA can be read in all three frames both within and immediately after the signal sequence. We cloned Pst-terminated DNA copies of the structural information for rat proinsulin and preproinsulin into these plasmids, forming a large number of hybrid penicillinase (bacterial) and insulin (eukaryotic) signal sequences. We then compared the levels of insulin antigen in the Escherichia coli periplasm with those inside the cells. We conclude that either the bacterial or the eukaryotic signal is sufficient to transport rat insulin antigen into the periplasmic space.
Membrane Localization of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) (2000)

Subcellular localization of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) may be important in compartmentalization of cAMP/cGMP signaling responses. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, mouse (M) PDE3B was associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as indicated by its immunofluorescent colocalization with the ER protein BiP and subcellular fractionation studies. In transfected NIH 3006 or COS-7 cells, recombinant wild-type PDE3A and PDE3B isoforms were both found almost exclusively in the ER. The N-terminal portion of PDE3 can be arbitrarily divided into region 1 (aa 1-300), which contains a large hydrophobic domain with six predicted transmembrane helices, followed by region 2 (aa 301-500) containing a smaller hydrophobic domain (of approximately 50 aa). To investigate the role of regions 1 and 2 in membrane association, we examined the subcellular localization of a series of catalytically active, Flag-tagged N-terminal-truncated human (H) PDE3A and MPDE3B recombinants, as well as a series of fragments from regions 1 and 2 of MPDE3B synthesized as enhanced green fluorescent (EGFP) fusion proteins in COS-7 cells. In COS-7 cells, the localization of a mutant HPDE3A, lacking the first 189 amino acids (aa) and therefore four of the six predicted transmembrane helices (H3A-Delta189), was virtually identical to that of the wild type. M3B-Delta302 (lacking region 1) and H3A-Delta397 (lacking region 1 as well as part of region 2) retained, to different degrees, the ability to associate with membranes, albeit less efficiently than H3A-Delta189. Proteins that lacked both regions 1 and 2, H3A-Delta510 and M3B-Delta604, did not associate with membranes. Consistent with these findings, region 1 EGFP-MPDE3B fusion proteins colocalized with the ER, whereas region 2 EGFP fusion proteins were diffusely distributed. Thus, some portion of the N-terminal hydrophobic domain in region 1 plus a second domain in region 2 are important for efficient membrane association/targeting of PDE3.
STAT3 activation abrogates growth factor dependence and contributes to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tumor growth in vivo. (2002)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is up-regulated and contributes to the loss of growth control in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Previously, we reported an association between autocrine stimulation of EGFR and constitutive signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) 3 activation in SCCHN cells in vitro and in vivo. Here, we evaluated the role of activated STAT3 in tumor progression and EGFR-independent mitogenic signaling. We found that SCCHN cells stably transfected with a dominant active STAT3 construct expressed elevated levels of STAT3 target genes, including Bcl-X(L) and cyclin D1, and demonstrated increased proliferation in vitro and more rapid tumor growth rates in vivo. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated an increased proportion of STAT3 construct transfectants in G(2)-M. These findings provide evidence that constitutive STAT3 activation contributes to tumor growth in SCCHN, independent of the EGFR autocrine axis.
Acid Sphingomyelinase of Human Brain: Purification to Homogeneity (1982)

Acid sphingomyelinase (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase, EC 3.1.4.12) was purified from human brain by extraction with 0.1% Triton X-100, followed by sequential chromatography on Concanavalin A-Sepharose, octyl-Sepharose, hydroxylapatite, DEAE-cellulose, red A-agarose, Sephadex G-200, and DEAE-cellulose with ampholyte elution. Sphingomyelinase activity was purified more than 20,000-fold from the starting homogenate with a 1% yield. Specific activity of up to 800 mumol/h/mg protein could be achieved. Gel electrophoresis with 6% polyacrylamide containing sodium dodecyl sulfate gave a single protein band with a molecular weight of 70,000, in good agreement with the molecular weight previously estimated from sucrose density gradient centrifugation in 0.1% Triton X-100. Triton X-100 could be readily removed from the enzyme by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The Triton-free enzyme showed the same Km and pH optimum. Heat stability of the enzyme was reversibly affected by Triton X-100, in that removal of the detergent made the enzyme more heat labile. The Km of purified enzyme for sphingomyelin was 36 microM. It was unaffected by sulfhydryl reagents, but was inhibited by dithiothreitol at high concentrations. The preparation was free of all lysosomal hydrolase activities tested, including galactosylceramidase and alpha-mannosidase, which tended to copurify in our previous procedure. The enzyme was inactive toward sphingosylphosphorylcholine. It was active with bis[p-nitrophenyl]- and bis[4-methylumbelliferyl]phosphate and the chromogenic and fluorogenic sphingomyelin analogues.
Adaptive imaging in the thyroid using fundamental and harmonic echo data (2003)

The authors acquired normal (9 MHz) and harmonic (9 MHz) element r.f. data for a 3/spl times/80 element array from the thyroids of ten subjects. Harmonic imaging data was acquired using the phase inversion technique using 4.5 HMz fundamental waveforms. The normal and harmonic imaging data was acquired simultaneously from large regions of tissue (3 cm deep, 10 mm wide) using both F/2 and F/4 transmit apertures. The ability to acquire channel data over extended regions allows the authors to evaluate the lateral stability of arrival time error profiles, and to reconstruct B-mode images using different beamforming techniques. Regions of the thyroid were selected for analysis from the reconstructed B-mode images. Arrival time measurements were made using the speckle lookback algorithm, which makes arrival time estimates relative to the summed signal from a group of previously corrected elements. The authors found that measured arrival time errors were very sensitive to local scattering artifacts such as specular echoes and strong off axis reflectors, making arrival time estimates from non-specific regions of intereset unreliable. The authors present illustrative examples of "reliable" arrival time estimates (those that improved image brightness away from the correction algorithms region of interest) as well as examples of the artifactual echoes. For the "reliable" examples, arrival time errors were very small (15 ns r.m.s.) and resulted in small changes in image brightness (5-10 percent) with larger changes in image brightness (10 percent) in the correction region. Normal and harmonic arrival times profiles were very similar, and the F/2 and F/4 transmit aperture sizes also produced similar arrival time error profiles. The harmonic and normal data did not produce significantly different spatial decorrelation curves. The F/2 and F/4 transmit apertures produces significantly different spatial decorrelation functions in a phantom but not in the thyroid. The data suggest that phase aberration is very mild in the thyroid, and that harmonic imaging reduces the effects of off-axis scattering. Furthermore, care must be taken in selecting the region of interest used to make the arrival time error measurements.
Site‐specific N‐terminal Auto‐degradation of Human Serum Albumin (1995)

Human serum albumin prepared by blood fractionation for clinical purposes was found to degrade when stored at or above 30 degree C. Mass spectrometry and N-terminal sequencing of the protein identified degradation corresponding to the loss of the first two residues, aspartic acid and alanine. The reaction was shown to be dependent upon temperature and the N-terminal alpha-amino group. In addition, comparison with serum albumins derived from other species showed that the instability of the N-terminus was specific to the human albumin sequence. An intact aspartyl-alanyl dipeptide, purified from degraded albumin solutions, differed substantially from a synthetic dipeptide on amino acid analysis, N-terminal sequencing and NMR. It is suggested that the released dipeptide may be cyclic, implying a novel cleavage mechanism.
New Mono- and Polynuclear Iron Silylene and Stannylene Complexes (2001)

The mono- and dinuclear stannylene reagents [Sn(μ-NtBu)2SiMe2] (4) and [Sn(OtBu)(μ-OtBu)]2 (6) were reacted with the amine-stabilized bis(dimethylamino)silylene complex [Fe{Si(NMe2)2(NHMe2)}(CO)4] (1), but no insertion or substitution product was detected. However, reaction of the hydridoiron silyl complex [HFe{Si(OMe)3}(CO)3(dppm-P)] with 4 afforded the ion pair 7, in which the Fe−H proton has migrated to a nitrogen atom of 4, and with 6 by initial transfer of the Fe−H proton to a tBuO group to give the bimetallic stannylene complex [(OC)3{(MeO)3Si}Fe(μ-dppm)Sn(OtBu)] (8), in which the Sn atom has a distorted-trigonal-pyramidal coordination. The tin(II) compound 6 also reacted with [Fe2(CO)9] to afford the new tin−iron complex [Fe(CO)4Sn(OtBu)(μ-OtBu)]2 (9), which contains a central Sn2O2 planar core. In contrast, reaction of 4 with [Fe2(CO)9] yielded [(OC)4Fe{μ-Sn(μ-NtBu)2SiMe2}]2 (10), which contains a central, planar Sn2Fe2 core. All compounds were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, and the molecular structures of 1, 8·THF, and 9 (triclinic (9a) and monoclinic (9b) forms) were determined by X-ray diffraction.
[Studies on the modified dimethylmethylene-blue (DMB) method for determining glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in urine]. (1994)

The measurement of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in urine is very important because GAG is an essential constituent of urinary diseases. Since previously reported methods of determination of GAG are quite complicated, dangerous or not stable, we developed a very simple and rapid method to estimate the content of GAG in urine using a microplate and microplate reader. An aliquot of diluted urine is mixed with a 1,9, dimethylmethylene blue (DMB) dye. The assay is based on the metachromatic shift in absorption maximum which occurs when sulfated glycosaminoglycans are added to the dye. The recovery of GAG is good. Other urinary compounds such as sugar, protein and blood did not influence the measurement of GAG. A good correlation was obtained between the modified DMB method and Blumenkrantz and Asboe-Hansen's method (r = 0.737, p < 0.001). The accuracy of this method makes it useful for screening urinary diseases.
Two-chip MPEG-2 video encoder (1996)

Our two-chip, real time, MPEG-2, simple-profile-at-main-level encoder supports NTSC 4:2:0 video signals with only three external memories. We have developed a compact encoder chip set. The key features of this chip set are a low encoding delay based on a simple profile at main level; wide-range motion estimation, which it performs using a hierarchical search; a flexible, macroblock level pipeline architecture based on RISC CPUs; and three small peripherals with no glue logic: a VRAM, synchronous DRAM, and FIFO DRAM.