gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ANGIOGENESIS: INITIATION AND CONTROL* (1982)

From in vivo experiments using new methods such as the rabbit cornea, it is now becoming clear that the growth of a capillary involves an ordered sequence of events that includes lysis of the basement membrane of a parent venule, directional migration of capillary endothelial cells toward the angiogenic stimulus, lumen formation, development of branches, and anastomosis of the tip of one tube with another to form a loop. It is also clear that diffusible angiogenic stimuli can be released not only from most solid tumors, but also from at least three non-neoplastic cells. These include activated macrophages, sensitized lymphocytes, and adipocytes. Other normal tissues can also stimulate angiogenesis, but the type of cell giving rise to the angiogenic stimulus is unknown, and the period of angiogenic stimulation is brief. With the recent ability to clone capillary endothelial cells and to carry them in long-term culture, it has been possible to further delineate the mechanism of capillary growth. In vitro studies have shown that the mast cell seems to behave as a helper cell for capillary endothelial cells, in some way speeding up their rate of directional migration. At this writing, heparin appears to be the principal mast cell factor responsible for this effect on capillary endothelial cells. One theoretical possibility is that mast cells may prepare the matrix, perhaps by slow release of heparin, so that capillary sprouts can more easily move through it toward their angiogenic target. While the study of angiogenesis as a phenomenon is still in an early phase, it has become possible, by using a combination of in vitro and in vivo techniques, to more thoroughly understand the initiation and control of capillary growth.
[Indicators of humoral immunity and acute phase reaction in cigarette smokers]. (1991)

Immunological studies were carried out in 85 male smokers smoking 15-25 cigarettes daily for 2-25 years, and in 49 non-smokers. Cigarette smoking for a period longer than 10 years caused a fall of IgA, IgG, IgM and lysozyme concentrations. On the other hand, the levels of C3c and C4 components of complement, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin and antistreptolysin O were normal. Impairment of immunity to infections and neoplasms in cigarette smokers may be related to deficiency of various proteins responsible for normal course of immune processes of the organism.
Persistence of the hypertriglyceridemic effect of tumor necrosis factor despite development of tachyphylaxis to its anorectic/cachectic effects in rats. (1989)

The administration of a single injection of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) produces a variety of acute and sustained biological effects, including hyperlipidemia, stimulation of hepatic lipogenesis, decreases in adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity, and anorexia with weight loss. Chronic administration of a fixed dose of TNF produces tachyphylaxis to the anorectic/cachectic effects of TNF. We now report that the hyperlipidemic effect of TNF persists during chronic TNF administration in the absence of any cachectic effect of TNF. Sprague-Dawley rats injected with TNF (250 micrograms/kg) show a significant decrease in weight over the next 24 h which can be accounted for by decreases in food and water intake accompanied by an increase in urine output. With subsequent daily injections of TNF, treated rats begin eating and rapidly regain weight. Hypertriglyceridemia persists for up to 10 days of daily injections of TNF. After three daily injections of TNF, no decreases were seen in lipoprotein lipase activity in a wide variety of tissues. De novo hepatic lipogenesis remained increased in TNF-treated animals after four daily injections, but by the fifth day hepatic lipogenesis returned to normal. After 5 days of TNF treatment the acute incorporation of labeled glycerol into serum triglycerides remained elevated. These data indicate that hyperlipidemia persists during multiple daily injections of TNF and that TNF induced hypertriglyceridemia is not inevitably linked to the syndrome of cachexia.
The Interaction of Four Genes in the Inflammation Pathway Significantly Predicts Prostate Cancer Risk (2005)

It is widely hypothesized that the interactions of multiple genes influence individual risk to prostate cancer. However, current efforts at identifying prostate cancer risk genes primarily rely on single-gene approaches. In an attempt to fill this gap, we carried out a study to explore the joint effect of multiple genes in the inflammation pathway on prostate cancer risk. We studied 20 genes in the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway as well as several cytokines. For each of these genes, we selected and genotyped haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) among 1,383 cases and 780 controls from the CAPS (CAncer Prostate in Sweden) study population. A total of 57 SNPs were included in the final analysis. A data mining method, multifactor dimensionality reduction, was used to explore the interaction effects of SNPs on prostate cancer risk. Interaction effects were assessed for all possible n SNP combinations, where n = 2, 3, or 4. For each n SNP combination, the model providing lowest prediction error among 100 cross-validations was chosen. The statistical significance levels of the best models in each n SNP combination were determined using permutation tests. A four-SNP interaction (one SNP each from IL-10, IL-1RN, TIRAP, and TLR5) had the lowest prediction error (43.28%, P = 0.019). Our ability to analyze a large number of SNPs in a large sample size is one of the first efforts in exploring the effect of high-order gene-gene interactions on prostate cancer risk, and this is an important contribution to this new and quickly evolving field.
High internal consistency and efficacy of intravaginal DHEA for vaginal atrophy (2010)

Following the compelling data obtained in a pivotal phase III clinical trial performed in 218 postmenopausal women suffering from vaginal atrophy who received daily intravaginal 0.25, 0.5 or 1.0% DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) ovules for 12 weeks, we have performed analysis of the four co-primary objectives at each site of that multicentre U.S. and Canadian trial. Comparison was made of the change in percentage of parabasal and superficial cells, vaginal pH and severity of the most bothersome symptom. The site-by-site (seven sites) analysis has shown that 10-13 women per group are generally sufficient to obtain a significant or highly statistically significant decrease in vaginal pH and percentage of parabasal cells and increased percentage of superficial cells at p values ranging from 0.02 to <0.0001. For vaginal pain as the most bothersome symptom, a statistically significant difference from baseline was found at six out of seven sites. The exceptionally high consistency between all sites in this phase III study and high potency of the compound permit to obtain a clinically and statistically significant to highly significant effect of treatment on all parameters of vaginal atrophy with the 0.5% DHEA daily intravaginal dose which does not significantly affect the serum levels of oestrogens, thus avoiding systemic risks.
Analysis of the hematopoietic effects of new dominant spotting (W) mutations of the mouse. I. Influence upon hematopoietic stem cells. (1983)

Mice carrying two mutant W alleles usually have severe macrocytic anemias which result from deficiencies of hematopoietic stem cells (CFUs) (1). Anemic W39/W39 and W41/W41 homozygotes (2) have deficiencies in the numbers of femoral stem cells which correspond to the severities of their anemias. The non-anemic W44/W44 homozygote (2) has a few stem cells as the W41/W41 mouse. Nevertheless, bone marrow implants from W44/W44 donors cure the anemias of W/Wv recipients while implants from anemic W39/W39 and W41/W41 donors do not. The peripheral hematologic differences between W41/W41 and W44/W44 homozygotes probably arise from qualitative differences intrinsic to their stem cells rather than from extrinsic hematopoietic factors. The hematopoietic environments of all three W homozygotes are relatively normal in that they support normal erythropoiesis when injected with congenic +/+ marrow. Even non-anemic W44/W44 recipients are repopulated with +/+ donor red cells, indicating that W44/W44 stem cells are at a disadvantage when competing with normal counterparts.
Retroperitoneal Lymphadenectomy, Including the Para-aortic Nodes in Patients with Stage III Ovarian Cancer (1994)

The role of lymphadenectomy in patients with advanced ovarian cancer is controversial. To evaluate the effect of lymphadenectomy, we retrospectively assessed the outcome of 53 patients with stage III epithelial ovarian cancer who were divided into two groups, which were matched for age distribution and postoperative chemotherapy, but received different surgical procedures. A total of 29 patients (group A) underwent hysterectomy, bilateral salpingoophorectomy, omentectomy, and retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy, including resection of the para-aortic nodes. The remaining 24 patients (group B) received hysterectomy, bilateral salpingoophorectomy, and omentectomy without retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy. Postoperative chemotherapy consisted of a combination of cisplatin, Adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide in both groups. The 2-year survival rate for group A was significantly greater than that for group B, but there was no significant difference between the groups with regard to the estimated 5-year survival rate. The 2-year survival rate of patients with positive nodes who underwent lymphadenectomy was similar to that of patients with negative nodes. Multivariate analysis indicated that lymph node involvement did not relate to prognosis of the patients undergoing lymphadenectomy. While a defined randomized trial is required to reach substantive conclusion, it is suggested that lymphadenectomy may be useful for improvement of the prognosis of patients with advanced ovarian cancer.
Genome-wide mapping of DNase hypersensitive sites using massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS) (2005)

A major goal in genomics is to understand how genes are regulated in different tissues, stages of development, diseases, and species. Mapping DNase I hypersensitive (HS) sites within nuclear chromatin is a powerful and well-established method of identifying many different types of regulatory elements, but in the past it has been limited to analysis of single loci. We have recently described a protocol to generate a genome-wide library of DNase HS sites. Here, we report high-throughput analysis, using massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS), of 230,000 tags from a DNase library generated from quiescent human CD4+ T cells. Of the tags that uniquely map to the genome, we identified 14,190 clusters of sequences that group within close proximity to each other. By using a real-time PCR strategy, we determined that the majority of these clusters represent valid DNase HS sites. Approximately 80% of these DNase HS sites uniquely map within one or more annotated regions of the genome believed to contain regulatory elements, including regions 2 kb upstream of genes, CpG islands, and highly conserved sequences. Most DNase HS sites identified in CD4+ T cells are also HS in CD8+ T cells, B cells, hepatocytes, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and HeLa cells. However, approximately 10% of the DNase HS sites are lymphocyte specific, indicating that this procedure can identify gene regulatory elements that control cell type specificity. This strategy, which can be applied to any cell line or tissue, will enable a better understanding of how chromatin structure dictates cell function and fate.
Data Mining-Based Ethereum Fraud Detection (2019)

The popularity of blockchain-based currencies, such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, has grown among enthusiasts since 2009. Relying on the anonymity provided by the blockchain, hustlers have adapted offline scams to this new ecosystem. As a result, Ponzi schemes are proliferating on Ethereum, dressed up as secure investment schemes. They reward early investors with funds from the later ones before collapsing, leaving the last investors empty handed. Illegal in the offline world, they are creating thousands of victims on Ethereum, while stealing millions of dollars worth of ether. We use data mining to provide a detection model for Ponzi schemes on Ethereum, improving over prior work. We built a dataset of likely benign Ethereum smart contracts, in addition to known Ponzi scheme smart contracts, and designed features based on their compiled code and transactions. Using Weka to benchmark several classification algorithms, we obtained models that achieve both high precision and high recall. Our 0-day model can be used as soon as a smart contract is uploaded on the blockchain. The full-feature model continued to show high performance for almost 250 days. A detailed analysis on top-strength features provides novel perspectives on Ponzi scheme behavior.
Psoriatic Arthritis sine Psoriasis (2009)

In about 20% of patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) the rheumatological manifestations precede the onset of the cutaneous lesions. If there is a family history of psoriasis these patients are diagnosed as having psoriatic arthritis sine psoriasis. In the past, they were also classified among patients with undifferentiated spondyloarthritis. The clinical spectrum of PsA sine psoriasis is wide and identified by dactylitis and/or distal interphalangeal arthritis, HLA-Cw6, and a family history of psoriasis. The ClASiffication of Psoriatic ARthritis (CASPAR) criteria of PsA include PsA sine psoriasis.
A prospective case-control study of ankle fracture in postmenopausal women. (2006)

In this case-control study, postmenopausal ankle fractures were not associated with osteoporosis. Diabetic neuropathy may have been a risk factor for such injury. The functional outcome of such patients was generally satisfactory, provided appropriate treatment was given.
HYDRAmers: design, synthesis and characterization of different generation novel Hydra-like dendrons based on multifunctionalized adamantane (2011)

In this communication we present a new synthetic strategy to different generation Hydra-like dendrons based on tetrafunctionalized adamantane as a building block. The novel dendrons, which we termed HYDRAmers, possess at the periphery and at the central core orthogonal protections that can be exploited for conjugation of targeting ligands, drugs and/or imaging probes.
Cytolytic CD4+T cells in viral immunity (2010)

It is generally believed that the role of CD4(+) T cells is to coordinate the different arms of the adaptive immune system to shape an effective response against a pathogen and regulate nonessential or deleterious activities. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that effector CD4(+) T cells can directly display potent antiviral activity themselves. The presence of cytolytic CD4(+) T cells has been demonstrated in the immune response to numerous viral infections in both humans and in animal models and it is likely that they play a critical role in the control of viral replication in vivo. This article describes the current research on virus-specific cytolytic CD4(+) T cells, with a focus on HIV-1 infection and the implications that this immune response has for vaccine design.
Evidence for multiple tumor suppressor genes on chromosome arm 8p in supraglottic laryngeal cancer (1996)

Loss of heterozygosity studies of a variety of human tumors suggest that there are several tumor suppressor genes on chromosome arm 8p. To localize these genes more precisely, we utilized polymerase chain reaction amplification of microsatellite repeat polymorphisms and examined the allelic loss patterns of 17 marker loci on 8p in a population of 59 supraglottic laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas. Twenty-three of these tumors (39%) had an allelic loss at one or more of the markers examined. The allelic loss patterns of these tumors support the presence of at least three different tumor suppressor genes on 8p: one in 8p23, one in 8p22-23, and another in 8p21.
A Photocleavable Rapamycin Conjugate for Spatiotemporal Control of Small GTPase Activity (2010)

We developed a novel method to spatiotemporally control the activity of signaling molecules. A newly synthesized photocaged rapamycin derivative induced rapid dimerization of FKBP (FK-506 binding protein) and FRB (FKBP-rapamycin binding protein) upon UV irradiation. With this system and the spatially confined UV irradiation, we achieved subcellularly localized activation of Rac, a member of small GTPases. Our technique offers a powerful approach to studies of dynamic intracellular signaling events.
Antithrombotic activity of dermatan sulfate in heparin cofactor II-deficient mice (2004)

Heparin cofactor II (HCII) is a plasma protein that inhibits thrombin rapidly in the presence of dermatan sulfate or heparin. We previously reported that the time to thrombotic occlusion of the carotid artery after photochemical injury was shorter in HCII-deficient mice than in wild-type control animals. In this paper, we describe the antithrombotic activity of dermatan sulfate in wild-type and HCII-deficient mice. Intravenous administration of porcine skin dermatan sulfate induced a dose-dependent prolongation of the carotid artery occlusion time in HCII(+/+) mice that was not observed in HCII(-/-) animals. Pharmacokinetic studies suggested that porcine skin dermatan sulfate expresses antithrombotic activity after being transferred from the plasma to sites in the vessel wall. Using invertebrate dermatan sulfate preparations, we showed that N-acetylgalactosamine-4-O-sulfate residues are required for the HCII-dependent antithrombotic effect. Furthermore, the invertebrate dermatan sulfates, which have higher charge densities than mammalian dermatan sulfate, slightly prolonged the thrombotic occlusion time of HCII(-/-) mice. These results indicate that HCII mediates the antithrombotic effect of porcine skin dermatan sulfate after injury to the carotid arterial endothelium in mice, whereas more highly charged dermatan sulfates possess weak antithrombotic activity independent of HCII.
Disruption of the Cbfa2 gene causes necrosis and hemorrhaging in the central nervous system and blocks definitive hematopoiesis. (1996)

The CBFA2 (AML1) gene encodes a DNA-binding subunit of the heterodimeric core-binding factor. The CBFA2 gene is disrupted by the (8;21), (3;21), and (12;21) chromosomal translocations associated with leukemias and myelodysplasias in humans. Mice lacking a CBF alpha 2 protein capable of binding DNA die between embryonic days 11.5 and 12.5 due to hemorrhaging in the central nervous system (CNS), at the nerve/CNS interfaces of cranial and spinal nerves, and in somitic/intersomitic regions along the presumptive spinal cord. Hemorrhaging is preceded by symmetric, bilateral necrosis in these regions. Definitive erythropoiesis and myelopoiesis do not occur in Cbfa2-deficient embryos, and disruption of one copy of the Cbfa2 gene significantly reduces the number of progenitors for erythroid and myeloid cells.
Study and subjective evaluation on MPEG-4 narrowband CELP coding under mobile communication conditions (2003)

This paper evaluates MPEG-4 narrowband (NB) CELP speech coding under various mobile communication conditions, such as clean, background noise and transmission errors. In order to make the codec robust against the errors with minimum increase of redundant bits, a CRC error correction code is attached into the codec as well as an error concealment is included in the decoder. Subjective evaluation results demonstrate that the speech quality for MPEG-4 speech coding at above 8.3 kb/s is higher than that for the ITU-T G.726 ADPCM at 32 kb/s in the clean speech condition. Further, the speech quality degradation is less than 0.1 in MOS under 10/sup -3/ bit error conditions, and still comparable to or higher than that for G.726 at 32 kb/s without error.
Tissue classification with gene expression profiles (2000)

Constantly improving gene expression profiling technologies are expected to provide understanding and insight into cancer related cellular processes. Gene expression data is also expected to significantly and in the development of efficient cancer diagnosis and classification platforms. In this work we examine two sets of gene expression data measured across sets of tumor and normal clinical samples One set consists of 2,000 genes, measured in 62 epithelial colon samples [1]. The second consists of ≈ 100,000 clones, measured in 32 ovarian samples (unpublished, extension of data set described in [26]).
HTML辞典 : 必携!カラー版 (2000)

１ はじめに ２ ドキュメント ３ テキスト ４ フォント ５ リスト ６ イメージ ７ テーブル ８ リンク ９ フレーム １０ フォーム １１ オブジェクト・スクリプト １２ その他 １３ 付録
PTEN negatively regulates neural stem cell self-renewal by modulating G0-G1cell cycle entry (2005)

Previous studies have demonstrated that a small subpopulation of brain tumor cells share key characteristics with neural stem/progenitor cells in terms of phenotype and behavior. These findings suggest that brain tumors might contain "cancer stem cells" that are critical for tumor growth. However, the molecular pathways governing such stem cell-like behavior remain largely elusive. Our previous study suggests that the phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) tumor suppressor gene, one of the most frequently mutated genes in glioblastomas, restricts neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation in vivo. In the present study, we sought to determine the role of PTEN in long-term maintenance of stem cell-like properties, cell cycle entry and progression, and growth factor dependence and gene expression. Our results demonstrate an enhanced self-renewal capacity and G(0)-G(1) cell cycle entry and decreased growth factor dependency of Pten null neural/stem progenitor cells. Therefore, loss of PTEN leads to cell physiological changes, which collectively are sufficient to increase the pool of self-renewing neural stem cells and promote their escape from the homeostatic mechanisms of proliferation control.
Stochastic Sensing of TNT with a Genetically Engineered Pore (2005)

Engineered versions of the transmembrane protein pore alpha-hemolysin (alphaHL) can be used as stochastic sensing elements for the identification and quantification of a wide variety of analytes at the single-molecule level. Until now, nitroaromatic analytes have eluded detection by this approach. We now report that binding sites for nitroaromatics can be built within the lumen of the alphaHL pore from simple rings of seven aromatic amino acid side chains (Phe, Tyr or Trp). By monitoring the ionic current that passes through a single pore at a fixed applied potential, various nitroaromatics can be distinguished from TNT on the basis of the amplitude and duration of individual current-blocking events. Rings of less than seven aromatics bind the analytes more weakly; this suggests that direct aromatic-aromatic interactions are involved. The engineered pores should be useful for the detection of explosives and, in combination with computational approaches and structural analysis, they could further our understanding of noncovalent interactions between aromatic molecules.