gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of allergic airway responses by inhaled low-molecular-weight heparins: molecular-weight dependence (1998)

Inhaled heparin prevents antigen-induced bronchoconstriction and inhibits anti-immunoglobulin E-mediated mast cell degranulation. We hypothesized that the antiallergic action of heparin may be molecular weight dependent. Therefore, we studied the effects of three different low-molecular-weight fractions of heparin [medium-, low-, and ultralow-molecular-weight heparin (MMWH, LMWH, ULMWH, respectively)] on the antigen-induced acute bronchoconstrictor response (ABR) and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in allergic sheep. Specific lung resistance was measured in 22 sheep before and after airway challenge with Ascaris suum antigen, without and after pretreatment with inhaled fractionated heparins at doses of 0.31-5.0 mg/kg. Airway responsiveness was estimated before and 2 h postantigen as the cumulative provocating dose of carbachol in breath units that increased specific lung resistance by 400%. All fractionated heparins caused a dose-dependent inhibition of ABR and AHR. ULMWH was the most effective fraction, with the inhibitory dose causing 50% protection (ID50) against ABR of 0.5 mg/kg, whereas ID50 values of LMWH and MMWH were 1.25 and 1.8 mg/kg, respectively. ULMWH was also the most effective fraction in attenuating AHR; the ID50 values for ULMWH, LMWH, and MMWH were 0.5, 2.5, and 4.7 mg/kg, respectively. These data suggest that 1) fractionated low-molecular-weight heparins attenuate antigen-induced ABR and AHR; 2) there is an inverse relationship between the antiallergic activity of heparin fractions and molecular weight; and 3) ULMWH is the most effective fraction preventing allergic bronchoconstriction and airway hyperresponsiveness.
Infrared absorption by conical silicon microstructures made in a variety of background gases using femtosecond-laser pulses (2003)

We show that the near-unity infrared absorptance of conical microstructures fabricated by irradiating a Si(111) surface with 100 fs laser pulses depends on the ambient gas in which the structures are formed. SF6 produces an absorptance of 0.9 for radiation in the 1.2–2.5 μm wavelength range, higher than any of the other gases. Use of Cl2, N2, or air produces surfaces with absorptances intermediate between that for microstructures formed in SF6 and that for flat crystalline silicon, for which the absorptance is roughly 0.05–0.2 for a 260 μm thick sample. Secondary ion mass spectrometry shows that elements from the ambient gas are incorporated into the silicon surface in high concentration.
Sensitive colorimetric assay for angiotensin converting enzyme in serum. (1983)

A sensitive colorimetric procedure has been developed for the assay of angiotensin converting enzyme (EC 3.4.15.1) in serum. Serum (10 microL) is incubated for 30 min with hippuryl-glycyl-glycine as described earlier (Clin Chem 28: 1352-1355, 1982). After a Folin-Wu deproteinization, the liberated glycyl-glycine is derivatized with a borate-buffered (pH 9.3) trinitrobenzenesulfonate solution (60 mmol/L) to form trinitrophenyl-glycylglycine, the absorbance of which is read at 420 nm vs a serum blank. The linear range extends to an activity of more than 900 U/L of serum and the detection limit is less than 4 U/L. The mean activity for serum from 50 blood bank donors and 25 patients with active sarcoidosis was 281 (SD 77) and 693 (SD 81) U/L, respectively. The method demonstrates good precision (CVs less than 2.8%) and correlates well (r = .99) with results from a "high-pressure" liquid chromatographic procedure for determining hippuric acid. In addition, the proposed method is widely applicable, involving only commonly available apparatus.
Chemical modification: the key to clinical application of RNA interference? (2007)

RNA interference provides a potent and specific method for controlling gene expression in human cells. To translate this potential into a broad new family of therapeutics, it is necessary to optimize the efficacy of the RNA-based drugs. As discussed in this Review, it might be possible to achieve this optimization using chemical modifications that improve their in vivo stability, cellular delivery, biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, potency, and specificity.
Randomized study of 5-FU and ccnu in pancreatic cancer: Report of the veterans administration surgical adjuvant cancer chemotherapy study group (1981)

Between the years 1973-1977, 152 male patients from 28 participating Veterans Hospitals with histologically proven nonresectable cancer of the pancreas were randomized in a two-arm study. The treated group was to receive combination chemotherapy with 5-FU and CCNU, and the controls were to receive no chemotherapy. Both groups were comparable with respect to age, amount of weight loss, extent of histologically proved metastases, and operation performed. In the treatment group, drug therapy was begun between 10 and 60 days postoperatively. Intravenous 5-FU, 9 mg/kg, was administered on five consecutive days, and CCNU, 70 mg/m2, was given orally on the first day of each course. In the absence of toxicity, the course was repeated every six weeks for life; 146 drug courses were given. The incidence of toxicity was not great. One or more toxic reactions were reported for one-third of the drug courses administered, but for the most part, these were mild. The most frequent toxic reaction was vomiting in 17% of the courses, and hematologic toxicity-primarily leukopenia-in 15% of the drug courses. There was no evidence of a beneficial effect on survival from drug treatment in the group as a whole or in any subgroup analyzed. The median survival of the control group was 3.9 months, and of the drug-treated group, 3.0 months.
HYPASS: an optoelectronic hybrid packet switching system (1988)

An architecture is presented for an optoelectronic hybrid packet switching system (HYPASS) for the distribution of multiple-bit-rate broadband services. HYPASS is based on an input-buffered/output-controlled arbitration protocol. The internal routing and interconnection utilizes a passive optical transport network with wavelength-tunable laser transmitters and fixed wavelength receivers. The single-stage multiwavelength optical interconnect provides an internally nonblocking network for large throughput routing of the bit-serial optical signals. An internal optical control network, with fixed-wavelength trouble receivers, sends output port information to the input nodes for arbitration and control. Packet buffer storage and control processing is performed by word-parallel electronic circuitry. The characteristics and device requirements for this design are presented along with results of a performance analysis of the arbitration and control protocol.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Shared and Contrasting Roles of IL2 and IL15 in the Life and Death of Normal and Neoplastic Lymphocytes: Implications for Cancer Therapy (2015)

IL2 and IL15, members of the 4α-helix bundle family of cytokines, play pivotal roles in the control of the life and death of lymphocytes. Although their heterotrimeric receptors have two receptor subunits in common, these two cytokines have contrasting roles in adaptive immune responses. The unique role of IL2 through maintenance of fitness of regulatory T cells and activation-induced cell death is the elimination of self-reactive T cells to prevent autoimmunity. In contrast with IL2, IL15 is dedicated to the prolonged maintenance of memory T-cell responses to invading pathogens. Blockade of IL2 and IL15 using monoclonal antibodies has been reported to be of value in the treatment of patients with leukemia, autoimmune disorders, and in the prevention of allograft rejection. IL2 has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of patients with malignant renal cell cancer and metastatic malignant melanoma. Clinical trials involving recombinant human IL15 given by bolus infusions have been completed, and studies assessing subcutaneous and continuous intravenous infusions are under way in patients with metastatic malignancy. Furthermore, clinical trials are being initiated that employ the combination of IL15 with IL15Rα(+/-) IgFc.
Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Products from Controlled Application of Heat to Paper and Levoglucosan. (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGas Chromatographic Analysis of Products from Controlled Application of Heat to Paper and Levoglucosan.Seymour. Glassner and A. R. PierceCite this: Anal. Chem. 1965, 37, 4, 525–527Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60223a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60223a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views151Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mice mutant forPpap2c, a homolog of the germ cell migration regulator wunen, are viable and fertile (2000)

Phosphatidic acid phosphatases (PAPs) catalyze the conversion of phosphatidic acid to diacylglycerol and inorganic phosphate and have been postulated to function both in lipid biosynthesis and in cellular signal transduction. In Drosophila melanogaster, the Type 2 phosphatidic acid phosphatase protein encoded by the wunen gene, negatively regulates primordial germ cell migration. We recently described the cloning and characterization of the mouse Ppap2c gene, which encodes the Type 2 phosphatidic acid phosphatase Pap2c (Zhang et al., Genomics 63:142-144). To analyze the in vivo role of the Ppap2c gene we constructed a null mutation by gene targeting. Ppap2c(-/-) homozygous mutant mice were viable, fertile, and exhibited no obvious phenotypic defects. These data demonstrate that the Ppap2c gene is not essential for embryonic development or fertility in mice.
Laundering Durability of Superhydrophobic Cotton Fabric (2010)

A superhydrophobic cotton fabric is prepared by introducing a commercially available fluorinated acrylate monomer, 1H,1H,2H,2H-nonafluorohexyl-1-acrylate, onto cotton fabric under simultaneous radiation-induced graft polymerization. The superhydrophobic cotton fabric shows good laundering durability, whereby the superhydrophobicity is well kept after 50 individual accelerated launderings, which is equivalent to 250 commercial launderings or domestic launderings.
Different contribution of co-stimulatory molecules B7.1 and B7.2 to the immune response to recombinant modified vaccinia virus ankara vaccine expressing prM/E proteins of Japanese encephalitis virus and two hepatitis B virus vaccines. (2007)

This study clarifies the role of co-stimulatory molecules B7.1 and B7.2 in the immune response to 3 types of vaccines: a/ recombinant modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) (vJH9) expressing prM/E proteins of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), b/ recombinant yeast-expressed Hepatitis B virus (YHBV), c/ human plasma-derived Hepatitis B virus (PHBV). We constructed plasmids expressing B7.1 and B7.2 molecules and found that the expression level of B7.2 protein in transfected CHO-k1 cells was higher than that of B7.1 protein. Mice were co-injected with vaccines vJH9, YHBV and PHBV and plasmids expressing B7.1 or B7.2, respectively, and specific antibody titers for each vaccine were monitored at days 7, 14 and 28 post injection (p.i.). In mice injected with vJH9 vaccine and both B7 plasmids, plasmid B7.2 induced a higher anti-JEV immune response than plasmid B7.1. This implies that the stimulation of the B7.2 immune pathway may be a feasible method of boosting protective immunity against a recombinant viral vaccine. Both B7 molecules were able to induce a specific anti-HBV immune response using YHBV vaccine. On the other hand, B7 molecules had little effect to the specific antibody induction in PHBV vaccination. These results suggested that the contribution of B7.1 and B7.2 molecules in an immune response depended on the character and status of the presenting antigen.
Peripartum changes in antibody producing capability of lymphocytes from dairy cows (1992)

B-lymphocyte populations and the in vitro antibody producing activity of lymphocytes were measured to evaluate the lymphocyte function of periparturient dairy cows. Changes in B-lymphocyte populations were not significantly different in cows during this period. Significantly decreased numbers of plaque-forming cells were observed in lymphocytes from cows at parturition and 3 days after parturition compared to those in lymphocytes obtained 14 days after parturition.
Diabetes Mellitus Impairs Neurogenic and Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation of Rabbit Corpus Cavernosum Smooth Muscle (1992)

The effect of alloxan-induced diabetes on the reactivity of corporeal nerves, endothelium and smooth muscle was studied in the New Zealand white rabbit. Fifteen rabbits were randomly divided into treated (n = 6) and control (n = 9) groups. The treated group was maintained for 6 weeks. Two control groups were studied. One control group (n = 3) was maintained for 6 weeks as littermate controls for diabetic group. The second control group (n = 6) was not maintained but was weight matched with the 6 week diabetic group. The reactivity of corpus cavernosum tissue from the diabetic animals and the control animals was studied in organ chambers. When tissue contraction was produced with phenylephrine for the study of relaxation to various stimuli, the tension induced was similar in the diabetic and the control groups. Relaxation of corpus cavernosum tissue to electrical stimulation of autonomic nerves as well as relaxation to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine were comparably unaffected in the weight matched and littermate control groups while significantly inhibited in the diabetic group. Treatment of the corporeal tissue with the cyclooxgenase inhibitor indomethacin enhanced the relaxation to electrical stimulation and to acetylcholine in the control and in the diabetic groups but did not improve the significant difference in relaxation between the two groups. Relaxation of corporeal tissue to endothelium-independent vasodilators, papaverine and nitroprusside was similar in the control groups and the diabetic groups. It is concluded that diabetes impairs neurogenic and endothelium-mediated relaxation of rabbit corpus cavernosum smooth muscle. These findings are comparable to those described in corpus cavernosum tissue from diabetic men, showing the validity of this experimental animal model. The mechanism for the nerve or endothelial dysfunction does not appear to involve alteration in cyclooxygenase products of arachidonate or the ability of the corporeal smooth muscle to relax via a cGMP-dependent mechanism. Since nitric oxide has been shown to act as the nonadrenergic noncholinergic neurotransmitter as well as endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) of the trabecular smooth muscle, it is possible that impairment of neurogenic and endothelium-dependent relaxation due to diabetes is mediated by alteration in the synthesis or availability of nitric oxide in corporeal tissue.
The Emerging Three‐Dimensional Structure of a Receptor (1996)

The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is the neurotransmitter receptor with the most-characterized protein structure. The amino acid sequences of its five subunits have been elucidated by cDNA cloning and sequencing. Its shape and dimensions (approximately 12.5 nm x 8 nm) were deduced from electron-microscopy studies. Its subunits are arranged around a five-fold axis of pseudosymmetry in the order (clockwise) alpha H gamma alpha L delta beta. Its two agonist/competitive-antagonist-binding sites have been localized by photolabelling studies to a deep gorge between the subunits near the membrane surface. Its ion channel is formed by five membrane-spanning (M2) helices that are contributed by the five subunits. This finding has been generalized as the Helix M2 model for the superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels. The binding site for regulatory non-competitive antagonists has been localized by photolabelling and site-directed-mutagenesis studies within this ion channel. Therefore a three-dimensional image of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is emerging, the most prominent feature of which is an active site that combines the agonist/ competitive-antagonist-binding sites, the regulatory site and the ion channel within a relatively narrow space close to and within the bilayer membrane.
An Interactive Tour Guide for a Heritage Site (2017)

Imagine taking a guided tour of a heritage site. Generally, tour guides have canned routes and stories about the monuments. As humans, we can inform the guide about topics which we are interested in, so as to ensure that we are presented stories which match our interests. Most digital storytelling approaches fail to take into account this aspect of human interaction when presenting stories to a user. In this work, we take on the task of interactive story generation, for a casually captured video-clip of a heritage site tour. We leverage user interaction to improve the relevance of the stories presented to the user. The stories generated vary from user to user, with the stories progressively becoming more aligned with the captured interests, as the number of interactions increase. We condition the stories on visual features from the video, along with the interests of the user. We additionally present a mechanism to generate questions to be posed to a user to gain additional insights into their interests. The efficacy of this work is demonstrated at the Golconda fort, situated in Hyderabad, India.
The role of tumor lymphangiogenesis in metastatic spread (2002)

The high mortality rates associated with cancer can be attributed to the metastatic spread of tumor cells from the site of their origin. Tumor cells invade either the blood or lymphatic vessels to access the general circulation and then establish themselves in other tissues. Clinicopathological data suggest that the lymphatics are an initial route for the spread of solid tumors. Detection of sentinel lymph nodes by biopsy provides significant information for staging and designing therapeutic regimens. The role of angiogenesis in facilitating the growth of solid tumors has been well established, but the presence of lymphatic vessels and the relevance of lymphangiogenesis to tumor spread are less clear. Recently, the molecular pathway that signals for lymphangiogenesis and relatively specific markers for lymphatic endothelium have been described allowing analyses of tumor lymphangiogenesis to be performed in animal models. These studies demonstrate that tumor lymphangiogenesis is a major component of the metastatic process and implicate members of the VEGF family of growth factors as key mediators of lymphangiogenesis in both normal biology and tumors.
A Novel Matrix Metalloproteinase Gene (XMMP) Encoding Vitronectin-like Motifs Is Transiently Expressed in Xenopus laevis Early Embryo Development (1997)

To study the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in early vertebrate development, we cloned cDNAs for six different MMPs from the frog Xenopus laevis embryos at different stages of development and describe here a novel MMP called XMMP. Xenopus XMMP has 604 amino acids including a putative signal peptide of 22 residues. At the carboxyl-terminal end of the propeptide, XMMP has a 37-amino acid-long insertion domain containing a segment that is 38% identical with a rat vitronectin sequence between residues 108-135. Following this domain is an RRKR motif, a putative cleavage site for intracellular activation by furin proteinases. XMMP lacks a proline-rich linker peptide, or hinge region, typically found in other MMPs between the catalytic domain and carboxyl-terminal "hemopexin/vitronectin-like" domain. In XMMP, the carboxyl-terminal domain is composed of four tandem repeats that are 21-33% identical to a sequence (residues 213-264) encoded by vitronectin exon-5. Interestingly, XMMP gene is transiently expressed during Xenopus embryo development. XMMP mRNA of 3.0 kilobase pairs was undetected in the blastula stage embryo, induced in gastrula embryo, expressed in neurula embryo, and then down-regulated in pretailbud embryo. In comparison, other Xenopus MMP genes that we have cloned show a different developmental regulation. In blastula embryo, the only MMP gene expressed was found to be 92-kDa type IV collagenase, which was also expressed in the gastrula, neurula, and pretailbud embryos. Expression of stromelysin-1, stromelysin-3, and two different membrane type-MMPs was first detected in the neurula and pretailbud embryos. These results suggest that MMPs and the novel XMMP reported here play a role in Xenopus early development.
General Method to Label Antisense Oligonucleotides with Radioactive Halogens for Pharmacological and Imaging Studies (2000)

Evaluation of oligonucleotides for biomedical applications requires different in vivo and in vitro approaches (pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, macro- and microimaging, metabolism,.), that are performed with different radioisotopes according to the temporal and spatial resolution needed. A method to introduce radioactive isotopes of halogens (fluorine, bromine, and iodine) in a small and stable molecule has been developed. Radiosynthons can then be conjugated with any given oligonucleotide in one step to create the appropriate radiotracer. This general radiolabeling procedure for oligonucleotides is efficient to synthesize (18)F-, (76)Br-, and (125)I-oligonucleotides for biological needs. Applications of the method to biodistribution, metabolism, in vivo and ex vivo imaging of (125)I- and (18)F-labeled oligonucleotides are reported.
Cooperating oncogenes converge to regulate cyclin/cdk complexes. (1997)

The cooperation of oncogenes in the transformation of primary rat Schwann cells is a strikingly synergistic process. We have explored the molecular mechanisms involved. Activation of an inducible Raf kinase results in morphologically transformed cells that are arrested in G1 via the induction of p21(CiP1) and subsequent inhibition of cyclin/cdk activity. In contrast, coexpression of SV40 large T (LT) or a dominant-negative mutant of p53 abolishes p21(CiP1) induction and alleviates the growth arrest. Moreover in this scenario, Raf activation results in an increase in the specific activity of cyclin/cdk complexes with Raf and LT cooperating to superinduce cyclin A/cdk2 activity and stimulate proliferation in the absence of mitogens. Thus, signaling by Raf and its cooperating partners converges at the regulation of cyclin/cdk complexes, with the cellular responses to Raf modulated by p53.
Vaccine Safety Datalink Project: A New Tool for Improving Vaccine Safety Monitoring in the United States (1997)

Preliminary design, data collection, and analytic capability of the Vaccine Safety Datalink project has been validated by replication of previous known associations between seizures and DTP and MMR vaccines. The diversity in vaccine administration schedules permits potential disentangling of effects of simultaneous and combined vaccinations. The project provides a model of public health-managed care collaborations in addition to an excellent infrastructure for safety and other studies of vaccines.