gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microstructure and Crystallization Kinetics of Polyurethane Thermoplastics Containing Trisilanol Isobutyl POSS (2012)

The synthesis of thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) from the reaction of a NCO group‐containing prepolymer and 0, 1.14, 1.71, and 2.28 wt% of trisilanol isobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) was carried out in an instrumented batch mixer. The samples were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM analysis shows that the incorporation of POSS promoted strongly aggregation through physical interactions (formation of POSS‐rich domains). Modifications in the TPU microstructure and the reduction in the crystal size were observed in the XRD diffractograms. The incorporation of POSS equally altered the TPU crystallization, and samples bearing higher concentrations of POSS formed two distinct types of crystalline structures. The kinetics of crystallization showed that nucleation strongly depends on the balance between TPU crystal formation and POSS‐rich domains.
A photoelectrochemical determination of the position of the conduction and valence band edges of p-type CuO (1982)

Lithium-doped p-type CuO is a low mobility semiconductor with an indirect band gap of 1.35 eV and a flatband potential of +0.55 V, with respect to the saturated calomel electrode (SCE), when in contact with an electrolyte at a pH of 9.4. Its valence band lies 5.42 eV below the vacuum level and is made up mainly from the Cu2+−3d wavefunctions. An oxygen-2p type band is at 7.33 eV, in agreement with a semi-empirical estimate. Its performance as a photoelectrode for the solar photoelectrolysis of water is rather poor, due to the presence of recombination centers in the band gap and its chemical instability. As photoelectrolysis electrodes, oxides with 3d-type valence bands may have advantages over the more common oxides with 2p-type valence bands.
A 30-ns 64-Mb DRAM with built-in self-test and self-repair function (1992)

A 64-Mb dynamic random access memory (DRAM) with a 30-ns access time and 19.48-mm*9.55-mm die size has been developed. For reducing inter-bit-line coupling noise, the DRAM features a latched-sense, shared-sense circuit with open bit-line readout and folded bit-line rewrite operations. To reduce test costs and increase chip reliability, it has been equipped with built-in self-test and self-repair (BIST and BISR) circuits that use spare SRAM cells.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Interventional hypertension (2013)

Division of Nephrology, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, California, USA Correspondence to Vito M. Campese, MD, Keck School of Medicine, USC, 2020 Zonal Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. Tel: +1 323 226 7307; fax: +1 323 226 5390; e-mail: [email protected] Received 28 May, 2013 Revised 11 June, 2013 Accepted 4 July, 2013
Mechanism of killing of spores ofBacillus cereusandBacillus megateriumby wet heat (2010)

This work provides further information on the mechanisms of killing of spores of Bacillus species by wet heat, the most common method for spore inactivation.
Defect parameter extraction in backend process steps using a multilayer checkerboard test structure (2002)

To control defect appearance in numerous conducting layers of backend process steps, a novel multilayer checkerboard test structure (MCTS) is presented. The separation and localization of defects-causing electrically detectable intralayer short circuits as well as interlayer short circuits-is achieved by dividing the chip area into distinguishable small subchips inside given standard boundary pads without using any active semiconductor devices. The precise localization facilitates a versatile optical defect parameter extraction.
Prevalence and correlates of DSM-IV substance use disorders in Puerto Rico. (2003)

We report the basic findings of a survey aimed at estimating rates of substance disorders in a probability sample of 4,709 household residents aged 15 to 64 years old. Lifetime use of alcohol was reported by 77.2%, and 10.7% reported ever using illicit drugs. Overall, 14.7% of the sample met criteria for a lifetime substance disorder, and 4.9% for a past year disorder. The rates of lifetime disorders were 13.1% for alcohol and 4.1% for illicit drug. Past year abuse/dependence was 4.3% for alcohol and 1.3% for illicit drugs. Alcohol use disorders were associated with male gender, higher family annual income, being employed, and being married. Illicit drug use disorders were associated with male gender and younger age. Only 13.0% of respondents with a past year disorder reported using services for their disorder. A program of continuous monitoring of substance using disorders is critical to establishing and monitoring effective policies.
Lane detection and tracking by video sensors (2003)

Describes a video sensor system for vehicle environment sensing. The system comprises a high dynamic range CMOS camera, dedicated image evaluation circuitry and image processing software for capturing vehicle environment data. The main part of the paper is concerned with the description of a real-time lane detection and tracking algorithm which is able to determine the course of the road ahead of the vehicle together with the position of the vehicle relative to the road with high accuracy. The key feature of the presented system is its ability to adapt to nearly all weather conditions and road types without any external adjustments together with its self-assessment capabilities, both of which are crucial for automotive applications.
C/EBPβ Reprograms White 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes to a Brown Adipocyte Pattern of Gene Expression (2007)

cAMP-dependent protein kinase induction of PPARgamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression is an essential step in the commitment of preadipocytes to the brown adipose tissue (BAT) lineage. We studied the molecular mechanisms responsible for differential expression of PGC-1alpha in HIB1B (BAT) and 3T3-L1 white adipose tissue (WAT) precursor cell lines. In HIB1B cells PGC-1alpha and UCP1 expression is cAMP-inducible, but in 3T3-L1 cells, expression is reduced and is cAMP-insensitive. A proximal 264-bp PGC-1alpha reporter construct was cAMP-inducible only in HIB1B cells and was suppressed by site-directed mutagenesis of the proximal cAMP response element (CRE). In electrophoretic mobility shift assays, the transcription factors CREB and C/EBPbeta, but not C/EBPalpha and C/EBPdelta, bound to the CRE on the PGC-1alpha promoter region in HIB1B and 3T3-L1 cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that C/EBPbeta and CREB bound to the CRE region in HIB1B and 3T3-L1 cell lysates. C/EBPbeta expression was induced by cAMP only in HIB1B cells, and overexpression of C/EBPbeta rescued cAMP-inducible PGC-1alpha and UCP1 expression in 3T3-L1 cells. These data demonstrate that differentiation of preadipocytes toward the BAT rather than the WAT phenotype is controlled in part by the action of C/EBPbeta on the CRE in PGC-1alpha proximal promoter.
Recombinant adeno-associated virus type 2-mediated gene delivery into the Rpe65-/-knockout mouse eye results in limited rescue (2019)

Abstract Background Leber's congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a severe form of retinal dystrophy. Mutations in the RPE65 gene, which is abundantly expressed in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, account for approximately 10–15% of LCA cases. In this study we used the high turnover, and rapid breeding and maturation time of the Rpe65-/- knockout mice to assess the efficacy of using rAAV-mediated gene therapy to replace the disrupted RPE65 gene. The potential for rAAV-mediated gene treatment of LCA was then analyzed by determining the pattern of RPE65 expression, the physiological and histological effects that it produced, and any improvement in visual function. Methods rAAV.RPE65 was injected into the subretinal space of Rpe65-/- knockout mice and control mice. Histological and immunohistological analyses were performed to evaluate any rescue of photoreceptors and to determine longevity and pattern of transgene expression. Electron microscopy was used to examine ultrastructural changes, and electroretinography was used to measure changes in visual function following rAAV.RPE65 injection. Results rAAV-mediated RPE65 expression was detected for up to 18 months post injection. The delivery of rAAV.RPE65 to Rpe65-/- mouse retinas resulted in a transient improvement in the maximum b-wave amplitude under both scotopic and photopic conditions (76% and 59% increase above uninjected controls, respectively) but no changes were observed in a-wave amplitude. However, this increase in b-wave amplitude was not accompanied by any slow down in photoreceptor degeneration or apoptotic cell death. Delivery of rAAV.RPE65 also resulted in a decrease in retinyl ester lipid droplets and an increase in short wavelength cone opsin-positive cells, suggesting that the recovery of RPE65 expression has long-term benefits for retinal health. Conclusion This work demonstrated the potential benefits of using the Rpe65-/- mice to study the effects and mechanism of rAAV.RPE65-mediated gene delivery into the retina. Although the functional recovery in this model was not as robust as in the dog model, these experiments provided important clues about the long-term physiological benefits of restoration of RPE65 expression in the retina.
Pharmacotherapy Treatment Options for Insomnia: A Primer for Clinicians (2015)

Insomnia is a prevalent disorder with deleterious effects such as decreased quality of life, and a predisposition to a number of psychiatric disorders. Fortunately, numerous approved hypnotic treatments are available. This report reviews the state of the art of pharmacotherapy with a reference to cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) as well. It provides the clinician with a guide to all the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved hypnotics (benzodiazepines, nonbenzodiazepines, ramelteon, low dose sinequan, and suvorexant) including potential side effects. Frequently, chronic insomnia lasts longer than 2 years. Cognizant of this and as a result of longer-term studies, the FDA has approved all hypnotics since 2005 without restricting the duration of use. Our manuscript also reviews off-label hypnotics (sedating antidepressants, atypical antipsychotics, anticonvulsants and antihistamines) which in reality, are more often prescribed than approved hypnotics. The choice of which hypnotic to choose is discussed partially being based on which segment of sleep is disturbed and whether co-morbid illnesses exist. Lastly, we discuss recent label changes required by the FDA inserting a warning about "sleep-related complex behaviors", e.g., sleep-driving for all hypnotics. In addition, we discuss FDA mandated dose reductions for most zolpidem preparations in women due to high zolpidem levels in the morning hours potentially causing daytime carry-over effects.
Interleukin‐13 and tumour necrosis factor‐α synergistically induce eotaxin production in human nasal fibroblasts (2000)

These results strongly indicate that IL-13, as well as IL-4, may be important in eotaxin-mediated eosinophilic inflammation in nasal mucosa. In addition, in nasal mucosa, fibroblasts are the major cell source for eotaxin.
A Morbillivirus that Caused Fatal Fisease in Horses and Humans (1995)

A morbillivirus has been isolated and added to an increasing list of emerging viral diseases. This virus caused an outbreak of fatal respiratory disease in horses and humans. Genetic analyses show it to be only distantly related to the classic morbilliviruses rinderpest, measles, and canine distemper. When seen by electron microscopy, viruses had 10- and 18-nanometer surface projections that gave them a "double-fringed" appearance. The virus induced syncytia that developed in the endothelium of blood vessels, particularly the lungs.
Phase I and pharmacologic study of paclitaxel and cisplatin with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor: neuromuscular toxicity is dose-limiting. (1993)

Taxol and cisplatin doses of 250 mg/m2 and 75 mg/m2, respectively, can be administered repetitively with G-CSF to untreated and minimally pretreated patients. However, these doses are not recommended for patients with pre-existing neuropathies until additional experience in high-risk patients is obtained. Although this Taxol dose is nearly 85% higher than the dose that can be combined with cisplatin in the absence of G-CSF, this high-dose regimen should not be used outside the investigational setting until a dose-response relationship has been demonstrated for Taxol in randomized clinical trials.
Proto-oncogene expression during two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin (1985)

The level of expression of the cellular homologues to the oncogenes rasHa, rasKi, fos, myc, abl and raf was determined in chemically induced tumors, in mouse skin and in mouse epidermis after treatment with a tumor promoter. No significant increase in expression was found for any of the above proto-oncogenes. The expression of abl was reduced in both papillomas and carcinomas and after repeated applications of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Treatment of primary mouse epidermal cells with TPA in vitro failed to induce any marked alterations in proto-oncogene expression. Cell lines derived by treatment of epidermal cells with chemical carcinogens showed expression levels similar to untreated primary epidermal basal cells. These results suggest that increased expression of the proto-oncogenes under study is not required for tumor induction in mouse skin. The lower level of expression of abl in tumors and after repeated applications of TPA may indicate a role for this gene in some aspect of epidermal proliferation or differentiation.
The functional variant of the inhibitory Fcγ receptor IIb (CD32B) is associated with the rate of radiologic joint damage and dendritic cell function in rheumatoid arthritis (2006)

This study is the first to show that a single genetic variant, the FCGR2B 695T>C polymorphism, is a critical determinant of disease severity in RA and radically changes DC behavior. Our results underscore the key role of DCs in the progression of RA and reveal FcgammaRIIb as an important potential therapeutic target in RA and other autoimmune conditions.
Optimized production of recombinant bluetongue core-like particles produced by the baculovirus expression system (1999)

The baculovirus-expression vector system (BEVS) has been widely used for the experimental production of many human and animal single- and multi-unit vaccines, heterologous proteins, and viral insecticides. In this work, the production of recombinant bluetongue virus core-like particles (CLPs), using Sf9 cells in shaker-suspension culture with the SF900 II medium (GIBCO, NY), has been studied. This system involved the simultaneous production of two proteins, VP7 and VP3, and was shown to achieve high volumetric productivities. The key parameters of the time of infection (TOI), and the multiplicity of infection (MOI) were studied. The results show that the peak-volumetric yields and cell-specific yields achieved using low MOIs at low-cell densities were the same as those obtained following infections with a high MOI at high-cell densities. This work establishes the feasibility of using low MOIs in the baculovirus system to produce complex multiprotein particles.
RNA interference (2004)

Over the past decade “RNA interference” has emerged as a natural mechanism for silencing gene expression. This ancient cellular antiviral response can be harnessed to allow specific inhibition of the function of any chosen target genes, including those involved in causing diseases such as cancer, AIDS, and hepatitis. RNA interference is already proving to be an invaluable research tool, allowing much more rapid characterisation of the function of known genes. More importantly, the technology considerably bolsters functional genomics to aid in the identification of novel genes involved in disease processes. But can RNA interference be used as an effective therapeutic strategy? Many people in the biotechnology industry are betting that it can, but first considerable problems relating to delivery to target cells will have to be solved. This problem has proved the undoing of previous wonder technologies such as gene therapy and antisense. This review discusses the promises and pitfalls of RNA interference in research and treatment.

This article is based on a review of the literature on RNA interference and post-transcriptional gene silencing appearing in the PubMed database, along with personal experience of working in this field for the past four years. It also draws on consensus views expressed at several international conferences on RNA interference in 2003.
Automatic transcription of compressed broadcast audio (2002)

With increasing volumes of audio and video data broadcast over the Web, it is of interest to assess the performance of state-of-the-art automatic transcription systems on compressed audio data for media indexation applications. In this paper the performance of the LIMSI 10x French broadcast news transcription system is measured on a two-hour audio set for a range of MP3 and RealAudio codecs at various bit rates and the GSM codec used for European cellular phone communications. The word error rates are compared with those obtained on high quality PCM recordings prior to compression. For a 6.5 kbps. audio bit rate (the most commonly used on the Web), word error rates under 40% can be achieved, which makes automatic media monitoring systems over the Web a realistic task.
Reactive silver ink as front contacts for high efficiency silicon heterojunction solar cells (2016)

Low-resistance Ohmic contacts formed at low temperatures expand photovoltaic device opportunities to include thermally sensitive layers while reducing thermal budget during fabrication. Silicon heterojunction solar cells cannot be processed over ~200°C because of temperature-induced degradation of surface passivation provided by hydrogenated amorphous silicon. Efficiencies of these cells are limited by high series resistance, which primarily arises from the use of relatively high-resistivity silver paste contacts that are formed at low-temperature. We report the formation of highly conductive contacts by drop-on-demand printing of reactive silver inks at low temperatures between 50 and 110°C, resulting in resistivities approaching that of bulk silver. Reactive silver ink printed as a front grid on a silicon heterojunction solar cell resulted in a cell series resistance of 1.8Ω cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> compared to 1.1Ω cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for a cell screen printed with low-temperature silver paste. These results show that, before optimization, reactive silver ink contacts perform comparably to pastes that have been custom developed and commercialized for this specific application.
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Acute Optic Neuritis (1992)

Intravenous methylprednisolone followed by oral prednisone speeds the recovery of visual loss due to optic neuritis and results in slightly better vision at six months. Oral prednisone alone, as prescribed in this study, is an ineffective treatment and increases the risk of new episodes of optic neuritis.
Determination of local polarization properties of biological samples in the presence of diattenuation by use of Mueller optical coherence tomography (2004)

A unique feature of polarization-sensitive Mueller optical coherence tomography is that, by measuring Jones or Mueller matrices, it can reveal the complete polarization properties of biological samples, even in the presence of diattenuation. We map local polarization properties for the first time to our knowledge by using polar decomposition in combination with least-squares fitting to differentiate measured integrated Jones matrices with respect to depth. We also introduce the new concept of dual attenuation coefficients to characterize diattenuation per unit infinitesimal length in tissues. We experimentally verify the algorithm using measurements of a section of porcine tendon and the septum of a rat heart.
Impact of cryopreservation on tetramer, cytokine flow cytometry, and ELISPOT (2005)

We conclude that all three assays show concordant results on shipped versus cryopreserved specimens, when using a peptide-based readout. The assays are also concordant with each other in pair wise comparisons using equivalent antigen systems.
Synthesis of hybrid dendritic molecules with diazaphospholidine oxide grafted at the surface of octavinylsilsesquioxane (OVS) (2010)

A range of dendritic molecules was made using the monodentate SEMI-ESPHOS phosphine oxide ligand, which was derivatised with a series of functional groups including bromide, vinyl, allyl and terminal alkyne. Several methods to attach the resulting precursors onto octavinylsilsesquioxane (OVS), ranging from hydrosilylation, Suzuki, Heck, Grubbs or Sonogashira coupling reactions, have been investigated. Cross-metathesis of SEMI-ESPHOS oxide dendrons containing vinyl end groups with OVS catalyzed by Grubbs' catalyst was proven to be effective in the formation of precursors for dendritic molecules based on OVS.
Identification of QTLs for Resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Soybean (2001)

Sclerotinia stem rot [caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary] is considered the second most important cause of yield loss in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr]. Soybean cultivars show variability in susceptibility, but no complete resistance to the disease has been reported and little information on the genetics of resistance is available. The objective of this study was to identify putative quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with Sclerotinia stem rot resistance in soybean. Recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from five populations were developed by crossing Williams 82, a susceptible cultivar, with five cultivars exhibiting partial resistance: Corsoy 79, Dassel, DSR173, S19‐90, and Vinton 81. The F 2 to F 5 generations were advanced by single seed descent. Parental polymorphism was tested with 507 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers from the integrated linkage map of soybean, and primers were selected for progeny screening in the five populations on the basis of polymorphism and distribution in the genome. Five hundred RILs, consisting of 100 F 5:6 lines from each population, were evaluated for resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolate 143 by a detached leaf method in the laboratory to measure lesion area on leaves inoculated with mycelium plugs. Single degree‐of‐freedom contrasts in PROC MIXED and interval analysis were used to detect putative QTLs. Twenty‐eight putative QTLs for resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot of soybeans were identified on 15 different linkage groups in five RIL populations by single degree‐of‐freedom contrasts. Alleles involved in reduction of lesion size came from both the resistant and susceptible parents, and transgressive segregates were identified in two populations. The amount of phenotypic variation explained by individual QTLs ranged from 4 to 10%. Seven QTLs on seven different linkage groups were identified in multiple populations with some QTL regions corresponding with mapped resistance genes and resistance gene analogs. The results suggest that several genes control resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot and that markers could facilitate an initial screen of segregating breeding populations.