gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Milk has Anti-Oxidant Properties to Protect Premature Infants (2007)

Human milk (HM) is recognized as the optimal form of nutrition in the newborn period, providing nutrients and a variety of components (minerals, vitamins, enzymes, hormones, growth factors, and immunoglobulins) that are very important for growth and healthy development. In the case of premature (PM) infants, functional and in certain cases, structural development of most organ systems is completed in the weeks following birth. PM infants do not get enough oxygen and may require supplemental oxygen as high as 95%. This high level of inspired oxygen necessary to maintain arterial oxygen tension exposes these infants to more reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared with full term infants. ROS may lead to diseases associated with prematurity, including necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity, intraventricular-periventricular hemorrhage, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. There is then a need to reduce oxidative stress or boost antioxidant defenses in these vulnerable infants. Data suggest that HM has unique antioxidant properties that will assist the premature infant in coping with the increased oxidative stress. HM antioxidant components include the enzymes superoxide dismutase for dismutation of superoxide anion, catalase for degradation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), glutathione peroxidase for destruction of H2O2 and organic peroxides. Human milk contains other molecules including cysteine, vitamins C and E, which are scavengers of oxygen radicals. Keywords: Human milk, antioxidants, premature infants
Integración de las formas tridimensionales de la dentición y de la morfología facial empleando un escáner láser de alta velocidad (2002)

Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio consistia en desarrollar un metodo para integrar los datos tridimensionales de la denticion y de la morfologia facial obtenidos mediante las mediciones con un escaner laser de alta velocidad, asi como visualizarlos en graficos informaticos. Ademas hemos examinado la exactitud de la integracion. Material y metodo: Se midieron las formas tridimensionales de los modelos dentales superior e inferior, asi como la cara del individuo, empleando un escaner laser de alta velocidad con instalacion de zoom. Como superficie de contacto para integrar las coordenadas entre la denticion y la cara se diseno una placa marcadora extraoral fijada a la placa oclusal registradora. Esta se coloco entre los modelos dentales superior e inferior y se realizaron las mediciones. La integracion se calculo coincidiendo los datos de la superficie de contacto. La exactitud de la integracion se analizo estudiando las caracteristicas de la placa registradora, como la forma de la superficie y el angulo de la fijacion. Resultados: Se realizo la integracion de los datos de la denticion y de la cara. La relacion tridimensional entre ellos podia visualizarse en cualquier direccion o seccion mediante graficos informatizados. Para una optima exactitud de la integracion, la placa marcadora con una forma mixta entre superficie plana y ondas sinusoidales, fijada a 45o de la placa oclusal de registro, mostraba los resultados mas adecuados. Conclusion: Se desarrollo un metodo original para integrar los datos tridimensionales de la denticion y de la cara medidos mediante un escaner laser tridimensional, obteniendo una precision aceptable.
Prostate cancer-derived urine exosomes: a novel approach to biomarkers for prostate cancer (2009)

Herein, we describe a novel approach in the search for prostate cancer biomarkers, which relies on the transcriptome within tumour exosomes. As a proof-of-concept, we show the presence of two known prostate cancer biomarkers, PCA-3 and TMPRSS2:ERG the in exosomes isolated from urine of patients, showing the potential for diagnosis and monitoring cancer patients status.
Low-voltage high-gain resonant-cavity avalanche photodiode (1991)

For p-i-n photodiodes and avalanche photodiodes (APDs) in the low-gain regime, there is a performance tradeoff between the transit-time contribution to the bandwidth and the quantum efficiency. A new photodetector structure is demonstrated that alleviates limitations imposed by this tradeoff. This structure utilizes a thin ( approximately=900 AA) depleted absorbing layer to reduce the transit time and achieve avalanche gain at low bias voltage (V/sub b/ approximately=9 V). The external quantum efficiency has been enhanced ( eta /sub e/>49%) by incorporating the structure into a resonant cavity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Switching operation in a GaInAs-InP MQW integrated-twin-guide (ITG) optical switch (1991)

Switching operation in a GaInAs-InP MQW (multiple-quantum-well) three-dimensional directional coupler switch at the wavelength of 1.57 mu m was achieved with a short-length device (L=170 mu m approximately=L/sub c/). The device structure fabrication is based on a high-mesa-shaped integrated-twin-guide structure. Switching characteristics are reported, showing that the refractive index variation in the quantum well is about +0.68% with very low absorption loss increase.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Ascorbate in pharmacologic concentrations selectively generates ascorbate radical and hydrogen peroxide in extracellular fluid in vivo (2007)

Ascorbate (ascorbic acid, vitamin C), in pharmacologic concentrations easily achieved in humans by i.v. administration, selectively kills some cancer cells but not normal cells. We proposed that pharmacologic ascorbate is a prodrug for preferential steady-state formation of ascorbate radical (Asc(*-)) and H(2)O(2) in the extracellular space compared with blood. Here we test this hypothesis in vivo. Rats were administered parenteral (i.v. or i.p.) or oral ascorbate in typical human pharmacologic doses ( approximately 0.25-0.5 mg per gram of body weight). After i.v. injection, ascorbate baseline concentrations of 50-100 microM in blood and extracellular fluid increased to peaks of >8 mM. After i.p. injection, peaks approached 3 mM in both fluids. By gavage, the same doses produced ascorbate concentrations of <150 microM in both fluids. In blood, Asc(*-) concentrations measured by EPR were undetectable with oral administration and always <50 nM with parenteral administration, even when corresponding ascorbate concentrations were >8 mM. After parenteral dosing, Asc(*-) concentrations in extracellular fluid were 4- to 12-fold higher than those in blood, were as high as 250 nM, and were a function of ascorbate concentrations. By using the synthesized probe peroxyxanthone, H(2)O(2) in extracellular fluid was detected only after parenteral administration of ascorbate and when Asc(*-) concentrations in extracellular fluid exceeded 100 nM. The data show that pharmacologic ascorbate is a prodrug for preferential steady-state formation of Asc(*-) and H(2)O(2) in the extracellular space but not blood. These data provide a foundation for pursuing pharmacologic ascorbate as a prooxidant therapeutic agent in cancer and infections.
Use of sensors and actuators to address flow disturbances during the resin transfer molding process (2003)

Abstract In Resin Transfer Molding a fiber preform is placed in a mold, the mold is closed and a thermoset polymeric resin is injected through gates into the mold to saturate the preform completely. The resin flow rate is controlled by actuators, which are usually injection machines. When one places the preform into the mold, the gap between the preform and the mold walls can create race tracking channels and provide the resin flow paths that can severely influence the flow patterns and drastically change the flow history. As this gap is unavoidable and not reproducible, one could have different strengths of this disturbance from one part to the next, some of which will cause incomplete saturation of the fibers by the resin. Hence, an active control of the filling stage is necessary that can detect and characterize the race tracking and provide the control action to redirect the flow with the aim to saturate the preform without resin starved regions (macro voids or dry spots). A methodology is proposed that intelligently places sensors in the mold to detect the resin arrival times at these locations. This information is used to determine and quantify the strength of the disturbance and used as an input parameter for the actuators to redirect the flow. This paper demonstrates this methodology on a simple mold configuration, and outlines how this technique can be generalized to any mold geometry or disturbance set in an automated RTM environment. Numerical simulations are used to establish the control methodologies, and all of the efforts are confirmed in a laboratory setting. The proposed methodology should prove useful in increasing the yield of Resin Transfer Molded parts.
Mesenchymal progenitor cells in adult human articular cartilage (2006)

The transmembrane receptor Notch-1 regulates cell fate and differentiation and was suggested to identify a cell type with progenitor characteristics in newborn bovine articular cartilage. We show that Notch-1 is expressed on > 70% of BM-MSC in early passage monolayer culture. We also demonstrate that normal articular cartilage contains Notch-1+ cells and that the frequency is increased in OA. Most Notch-1+ cells in OA cartilage are located in the clusters of proliferating cells. These findings indicate that multipotential mesenchymal progenitor cells are present in articular cartilage from adult humans and that their frequency is increased in OA. This observation has implications for understanding the intrinsic repair capacity of articular cartilage and raises the possibility that these progenitor cells might be involved in the pathogenesis of arthritis.
Study of Fiber-Optic Probes for in vivo Medical Raman Spectroscopy (1999)

Recent reports indicate that useful diagnostic information can be obtained from ex vivo tissue by using near-infrared Raman spectroscopy. A fiber-optic-based Raman system has been constructed that can obtain spectra in vivo from tissue, typically in less than 30 s. The spectral details are limited by the fluorescence and Raman signal generated in the silica delivery and collection fibers. In this study, fiber-optic probes that are designed to suppress these confounding signals have been characterized and compared with a probe constructed of unfiltered silica fiber. These suppressing probes used a novel design with “in-the-tip” filters, which also had optimized light collection efficiency. The spatial point response functions of the fibers were measured in air, water, and a tissue-simulating, optically turbid medium. Spectra from rabbit tissues were also collected with these probes to demonstrate their performance.
Tbx20 Transcription Factor Is a Downstream Mediator for Bone Morphogenetic Protein-10 in Regulating Cardiac Ventricular Wall Development and Function (2011)

Bone morphogenetic protein 10 (BMP10) belongs to the TGFβ-superfamily. Previously, we had demonstrated that BMP10 is a key regulator for ventricular chamber formation, growth, and maturation. Ablation of BMP10 leads to hypoplastic ventricular wall formation, and elevated levels of BMP10 are associated with abnormal ventricular trabeculation/compaction and wall maturation. However, the molecular mechanism(s) by which BMP10 regulates ventricle wall growth and maturation is still largely unknown. In this study, we sought to identify the specific transcriptional network that is potentially mediated by BMP10. We analyzed and compared the gene expression profiles between α-myosin heavy chain (αMHC)-BMP10 transgenic hearts and nontransgenic littermate controls using Affymetrix mouse exon arrays. T-box 20 (Tbx20), a cardiac transcription factor, was significantly up-regulated in αMHC-BMP10 transgenic hearts, which was validated by quantitative RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. Ablation of BMP10 reduced Tbx20 expression specifically in the BMP10-expressing region of the developing ventricle. In vitro promoter analysis demonstrated that BMP10 was able to induce Tbx20 promoter activity through a conserved Smad binding site in the Tbx20 promoter proximal region. Furthermore, overexpression of Tbx20 in myocardium led to dilated cardiomyopathy that exhibited ventricular hypertrabeculation and an abnormal muscular septum, which phenocopied genetically modified mice with elevated BMP10 levels. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the BMP10-Tbx20 signaling cascade is important for ventricular wall development and maturation.
Human Inhibitor Antibodies Specific for the Factor VIII A2 Domain Disrupt the Interaction between the Subunit and Factor IXa (1999)

Factor VIIIa, a heterotrimer of the A1, A2, and A3-C1-C2 subunits, increases the catalytic efficiency for factor IXa-catalyzed activation of factor X. A significant fraction of naturally occurring, anti-factor VIII inhibitor antibodies reacts with the A2 domain. Utilizing the capacity for isolated A2 subunit to stimulate factor IXa activity, we show that a panel of these inhibitors block this activity. Inhibition of activity parallels the antibody potency as measured in the Bethesda assay. These antibodies also block the A2-dependent increases in fluorescence anisotropy of fluorescein-Phe-Phe-Arg factor IXa. Similar to the IgG fractions, a peptide representing the sequence of the inhibitor epitope (A2 residues 484-509) blocked the A2-dependent stimulation of factor IXa. These results indicate that antibodies possessing this specificity directly inhibit the interaction of A2 subunit with factor IXa, thus abrogating the contribution of this subunit to cofactor activity. Furthermore, these results also suggest that factor VIII residues 484-509 contribute to a factor IXa-interactive site.
Using the Internet DNS to Distribute MIXER Conformant Global Address Mapping (MCGAM) (1998)

This memo is the complete technical specification to store in the Internet Domain Name System (DNS) the mapping information (MCGAM) needed by MIXER conformant e-mail gateways and other tools to map RFC822 domain names into X.400 O/R names and vice versa. Mapping information can be managed in a distributed rather than a centralised way. Organizations can publish their MIXER mapping or preferred gateway routing information using just local resources (their local DNS server), avoiding the need for a strong coordination with any centralised organization. MIXER conformant gateways and tools located on Internet hosts can retrieve the mapping information querying the DNS instead of having fixed tables which need to be centrally updated and distributed. This memo obsoletes RFC1664. It includes the changes introduced by MIXER specification with respect to RFC1327: the new 'gate1' (O/R addresses to domain) table is fully supported. Full backward compatibility with RFC1664 specification is mantained, too.
요통 치료를 위한 흉요추 이행부 (Thoracolumbar Junction) 와 배유혈(背兪穴), 화타협척혈(華他夾脊穴)의 상관성 에 관한 연구 (2004)

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the correlation between thoracolumbar junction and back-su points, Hwatahyeopcheok points for treatment of low back pain in the thoracolumbar junction syndrome that was suggested by Maigne R. Method : We Investigate the acupuncture points that was ...
Maintenance of Adult and Nymphal Ornithodoros coriaceus (Acari: Argasidae) by Artificial Feeding Through a Parafilm Membrane (1987)

Efficiency of a technique for artificially feeding nymphs and adults of the argasid tick, Ornithodoros coriaceus Koch on various substances through a Parafilm membrane is described. Ticks would not probe or feed through the membrane unless it was covered with a thin layer of hair, and guinea pig hair elicited the highest engorgement rate among several types of hair compared. Optimal temperature for feeding ticks was 37–39°C. Excellent engorgement rates (87–90%) were obtained with bovine red blood cells, fetal calf serum, glutathione solution, and a solution composed of 75% minimum essential medium and 25% fetal calf serum. All ticks that fed on these substances secreted coxal fluid and survived for 3+ mo. Several females fed on fetal calf serum laid viable eggs, and most nymphs or adults fed on this substance readily refed within 28 d.
Direct Determination of Lipoprotein Particle Sizes and Concentrations by Ion Mobility Analysis (2008)

The IM method provides accurate, reproducible, direct determination of size and concentration for a broad range of lipoprotein particles. Use of this methodology in studies of patients with cardiovascular disease and other pathologic states will permit testing of its clinical utility for risk assessment and management of these conditions.
Observed versus latent features for knowledge base and text inference (2015)

In this paper we show the surprising effectiveness of a simple observed features model in comparison to latent feature models on two benchmark knowledge base completion datasets, FB15K and WN18. We also compare latent and observed feature models on a more challenging dataset derived from FB15K, and additionally coupled with textual mentions from a web-scale corpus. We show that the observed features model is most effective at capturing the information present for entity pairs with textual relations, and a combination of the two combines the strengths of both model types.
Signal transduction by nerve growth factor and fibroblast growth factor in PC12 cells requires a sequence of src and ras actions. (1991)

We have investigated the roles of pp60c-src and p21c-ras proteins in transducing the nerve growth factor (NGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signals which promote the sympathetic neuronlike phenotype in PC12 cells. Neutralizing antibodies directed against either Src or Ras proteins were microinjected into fused PC12 cells. Each antibody both prevented and reversed NGF- or FGF-induced neurite growth, a prominent morphological marker for the neuronal phenotype. These data demonstrate the involvement of both pp60c-src and p21c-ras proteins in NGF and FGF actions in PC12 cells, and establish a physiological role for the pp60c-src tyrosine kinase in signal transduction pathways initiated by receptor tyrosine kinases in these cells. Additional microinjection experiments, using PC12 transfectants containing inducible v-src or ras oncogene activities, demonstrated a specific sequence of Src and Ras actions. Microinjection of anti-Ras antibody blocked v-src-induced neurite growth, but microinjection of anti-Src antibodies had no effect on ras oncogene-induced neurite growth. We propose that a cascade of Src and Ras actions, with Src acting first, is a significant feature of the signal transduction pathways for NGF and FGF. The Src-Ras cascade may define a functional cassette in the signal transduction pathways used by growth factors and other ligands whose receptors have diverse structures and whose range of actions on various cell types include mitogenesis and differentiation.
The effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (2002)

Our meta-analysis detected dose-dependent BP reductions from magnesium supplementation. However, adequately powered trials with sufficiently high doses of magnesium supplements need to be performed to confirm this relationship.
Inhibition of Tumor Growth and Elimination of Multiple Metastases in Human Prostate and Breast Xenografts by Systemic Inoculation of a Host Defense–Like Lytic Peptide (2006)

We report on a short host defense-like peptide that targets and arrests the growth of aggressive and hormone-resistant primary human prostate and breast tumors and prevents their experimental and spontaneous metastases, respectively, when systemically inoculated to immunodeficient mice. These effects are correlated with increased necrosis of the tumor cells and a significant decrease in the overall tumor microvessel density, as well as newly formed capillary tubes and prostate-specific antigen secretion (in prostate tumors). Growth inhibition of orthotopic tumors derived from stably transfected highly fluorescent human breast cancer cells and prevention of their naturally occurring metastases were visualized in real time by using noninvasive whole-body optical imaging. The exclusive selectivity of the peptide towards cancer derives from its specific binding to surface phosphatidylserine and the killing of the cancer cells via cytoplasmic membrane depolarization. These data indicate that membrane disruption can provide a therapeutic means of inhibiting tumor growth and preventing metastases of various cancers.
The Detection of Linkage in Human Genetics (1953)

Summary There are three methods used in practice to detect human linkage. These are: (i)The sib-pair method of Penrose, applicable to pairs of brothers and sisters, when the parents’ genotypes are unknown or disregarded.(ii)The method of efficient scores (u-functions), due to Fisher and Finney, applicable to families consisting of 2 or more children, together with either or both genotypes of the parents if known.(iii)The method of likelihood ratio, or backward odds, due to Haldane &amp; Smith, and most suitable for large pedigrees: this links up with maximum likelihood estimation. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. It is part of the purpose of this paper to present a connected account of the subject, showing the relations between the three methods. It appears that all are really different forms of the likelihood ratio test, suitably adapted for practical use. It is suggested that recessive children of cousin parents can be used to detect linkage. Methods of using sib-pair tables to calculate efficient scores are given. As the sib-pair table is convenient in use, methods are given to extend it to families of more than 2 sibs, though this may not be fully efficient. It is also pointed out that tables of lods (log odds) can be prepared for use with families of 2 or 3 sibs, and an example is provided.
Production of site-selected neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies against the third variable domain of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein. (1991)

Cell lines secreting IgG1 human monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to the envelope glycoprotein, gp120, of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have been produced by transformation of peripheral blood cells from HIV-infected individuals and by fusion of transformed cells to a human-mouse heteromyeloma cell line (SHM-D33). Two human mAbs were site-selected by means of a 23-mer synthetic peptide spanning a portion of the third variable domain of gp120 from the MN strain of HIV. The two heterohybridomas produce three times more IgG than do their parent lymphoblastoid cell lines. The specificities of these mAbs have been mapped to sequences near the tip of the disulfide loop of the gp120 third variable domain, Lys-Arg-Ile-His-Ile and His-Ile-Gly-Pro-Gly-Arg, respectively. The mAbs have dissociation constants of 3.7 x 10(-6) M and 8.3 x 10(-7) M, neutralize HIVMN in vitro at nanogram levels, and bear the characteristics of antibodies associated with protective immunity in vivo.