gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Introduction and expression of the human Bs-globin gene in transgenic mice. (1988)

Owing to the episodic and unpredictable nature of the sickling crisis, many aspects of the disease sickle cell anemia have resisted in vivo analysis. The lack of an animal model has hindered the pathophysiological investigation of this disease, as well as deterred the development of pharmacological therapies. The transgenic mouse system offers a new means for creating animals that make a specified mutant gene product, and we have used this system to create a series of mice that contain the human beta s-globin gene. These animals express this gene in the appropriate tissues and at the same point in development as the adult mouse globin genes are expressed. We have crossed the human beta s-containing transgenic mice with a beta-thalassemic mouse line and examined the hemoglobins produced by these mice. Their red cells contain 10% mouse alpha/human beta s hybrid hemoglobin, which partially corrects the thalassemic phenotype of the homozygous beta-thalassemic animals. Though the red cells do not sickle, other properties of the human beta s gene in these mice indicate the potential for the eventual development of a transgenic animal model for sickle cell anemia.
Intraocular adrenaline maintains mydriasis during cataract surgery. (1994)

Cataract surgery is performed more easily if mydriasis can be maintained until the intraocular lens has been inserted. Intraocular irrigation with adrenaline is thought to be of benefit in this respect, and is used by some surgeons but not others. This prospective double blind controlled trial assessed the efficacy and safety of using perioperative adrenaline during extracapsular cataract surgery, as an adjunct to preoperative topical mydriatics. Seventy patients were randomised to receive intraocular irrigation fluid with or without 1:1,000,000 adrenaline. The adrenaline entering the eye through the anterior capsulotomy needle helped to resist the miosis induced by expression of the nucleus (7.1 versus 6.5 mm). The mydriasis maintained during irrigation aspiration was significantly greater in the group receiving adrenaline (6.6 versus 6.0 mm, p < 0.02). Their pupil diameters were also significantly larger at 20 minutes (p < 0.001) and 30 minutes (p < 0.01) into surgery. Pupillary constriction to a diameter of less than 5 mm occurred more frequently in the group not receiving adrenaline. Pulse rate and blood pressure in the 27 patients who had local anaesthesia showed no significant difference between the treatment groups (p > 0.05), and there was no significant variation from baseline (p > 0.05). Intraocular irrigation with adrenaline 1:1,000,000 is a safe and effective means of maintaining mydriasis during cataract surgery.
Fuel Blending and Analysis for the Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program (1990)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper provides an overview of the blending techniques and analytical methods used to formulate the fuels for Phase I of the Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program (AQIRP). Details of the base stocks and final blend compositions and properties are also included.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Phase I involves the blending and testing of 30 different fuels in four different fuel matrices. The four matrices included gasoline reformulations, methanol fuels, gasoline oxygenate and RVP effects, and gasoline sulfur effects. Specifications for the gasoline fuels were very tight, with several properties being held constant while varying four main fuel properties. Another goal of the blending program was that the gasolines were to be blended from existing refinery streams and not from pure components.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Nine laboratories participated in the certification of the fuels. In the certification process, it was discovered that some of the analytical procedures used in individual labs were subject to interferences, particularly due to oxygenates in the fuels. Some of the methods used to analyze the fuel compositions also seemed inadequate from either a reproducibility or applicability standpoint for potential regulatory and/or legislative initiatives for regulating gasoline or methanol fuel composition for air quality purposes. The findings suggest that modification of existing methods will be required if the necessary precision and accuracy is to be realized. To this end, a program has been initiated to investigate both the suitability of existing fuel analysis methods as well as development of new methods to meet the needs of the program in the future.&lt;/div&gt;
An efficient synthesis of 1-.beta.-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn efficient synthesis of 1-.beta.-D-arabinofuranosylcytosineEdward J. HesslerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 10, 1828–1831Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00872a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00872a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views269Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rapid Production of Retroviruses for Efficient Gene Delivery to Mammalian Cells Using 293T Cell–Based Systems (1999)

This unit details the applications of one of the more common retroviral packaging systems, based on the highly transfectable 293T cell. The packaging system employs the use of the Phoenix cell lines. Calcium phosphate-mediated transfection is described for efficient introduction of retroviral vector plasmid DNA into the cells to generate high yields of virion-containing supernatant. An alternate protocol describes a method for transfecting retroviruses that contain a vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSV G) protein. Such virions are said to be "pseudotyped" with VSV G glycoprotein. Support protocols provide a simple method for concentrating VSV-G-pseudotyped retroviruses, as well as methods for culturing, cryopreserving, thawing, and drug selecting the Phoenix packaging cell lines. Finally, several methods for transfecting adherent or suspension cells with retroviruses are described.
Therostasin, a Novel Clotting Factor Xa Inhibitor from the Rhynchobdellid Leech, Theromyzon tessulatum (2000)

Therostasin is a potent naturally occurring tight-binding inhibitor of mammalian Factor Xa (K(i), 34 pm), isolated from the rhynchobdellid leech Theromyzon tessulatum. Therostasin is a cysteine-rich protein (8991 Da) consisting of 82 amino acid residues with 16 cysteine residues. Its amino acid sequence has been determined by a combination of techniques, including Edman degradation, enzymatic cleavage, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) on the native and s-beta-pyridylethylated compound. Sequence analysis reveals that it shares no significant homology with other Factor Xa inhibitors except for the putative reactive site. Moreover, it contains a signature pattern for proteins of the endothelin family, potent vasoconstrictors isolated in mammal and snake venom. Therostasin cDNA (825 bp) codes for a polypeptide of 82 amino acid residues preceded by 19 residues, representing a signal peptide sequence. As for the other known inhibitors of Factor Xa, therostasin is expressed and stored in the cells of the leech salivary glands.
Pattern Classification: A Unified View of Statistical and Neural Approaches (1997)

Statistical Decision Theory. Need for Approximations: Fundamental Approaches. Classification Based on Statistical Models Determined by First-and-Second Order Statistical Moments. Classification Based on Mean-Square Functional Approximations. Polynomial Regression. Multilayer Perceptron Regression. Radial Basis Functions. Measurements, Features, and Feature Section. Reject Criteria and Classifier Performance. Combining Classifiers. Conclusion. STATMOD Program: Description of ftp Package. References. Index.
Structure and mechanical quality of the collagen–mineral nano-composite in bone (2004)

Bone is a hierarchically structured material with remarkable mechanical performance which may serve as a model for the development of biomimetic materials. Understanding its properties is essential for the assessment of diseases such as osteoporosis. This will lead to a critical evaluation of current therapies and aid in their more targeted development. While the full hierarchical structure of bone is extremely complex and variable, its basic building block, the mineralized collagen fibril, is rather universal. Due to the progress in experimental methods to characterize materials at the nanoscale, new insights have been gained into the structure/mechanical function relation in this nanocomposite. The amount of mineral is usually thought to determine the stiffness of the material, but recent results suggest that the properties of the organic matrix as well as the geometrical arrangement of the two components might have a much larger influence on the properties than traditionally assumed. Some recent results from experiment and numerical modeling leading to these ideas are reviewed.
The human SWI/SNF-B chromatin-remodeling complex is related to yeast Rsc and localizes at kinetochores of mitotic chromosomes (2000)

The SWI/SNF family of chromatin-remodeling complexes facilitates gene expression by helping transcription factors gain access to their targets in chromatin. SWI/SNF and Rsc are distinctive members of this family from yeast. They have similar protein components and catalytic activities but differ in biological function. Rsc is required for cell cycle progression through mitosis, whereas SWI/SNF is not. Human complexes of this family have also been identified, which have often been considered related to yeast SWI/SNF. However, all human subunits identified to date are equally similar to components of both SWI/SNF and Rsc, leaving open the possibility that some or all of the human complexes are rather related to Rsc. Here, we present evidence that the previously identified human SWI/SNF-B complex is indeed of the Rsc type. It contains six components conserved in both Rsc and SWI/SNF. Importantly, it has a unique subunit, BAF180, that harbors a distinctive set of structural motifs characteristic of three components of Rsc. Of the two mammalian ATPases known to be related to those in the yeast complexes, human SWI/SNF-B contains only the homolog that functions like Rsc during cell growth. Immunofluorescence studies with a BAF180 antibody revealed that SWI/SNF-B localizes at the kinetochores of chromosomes during mitosis. Our data suggest that SWI/SNF-B and Rsc represent a novel subfamily of chromatin-remodeling complexes conserved from yeast to human, and could participate in cell division at kinetochores of mitotic chromosomes.
Reactions of Deoxy-, Oxy-, and Methemoglobin with Nitrogen Monoxide (2003)

The reaction between hemoglobin (Hb) and NO* has been investigated thoroughly in recent years, but its mechanism is still a matter of substantial controversy. We have carried out a systematic study of the influence of the following factors on the yield of S-nitrosohemoglobin (SNO-Hb) generated from the reaction of NO* with oxy-, deoxy-, and metHb: 1) the volumetric ratio of the protein and the NO* solutions; 2) the rate of addition of the NO* solution to the protein solution; 3) the amount of NO* added; and 4) the concentration of the phosphate buffer. Our results suggest that the highest SNO-Hb yields are mostly obtained by very slow addition of substoichiometric amounts of NO* from a diluted solution. Possible pathways of SNO-Hb formation from the reaction of NO* with oxy-, deoxy-, and metHb are described. Our data strongly suggest that, because of mixing artifacts, care should be taken to use results from in vitro experiments to draw conclusion on the mechanism of the reaction in vivo.
Schema evolution in database systems (1992)

Schema Evolution is the ability of a database system to respond to changes in the real world by allowing the schema to evolve. In many systems this property also implies a retaining of past states of the schema. This latter property is necessary if data recorded during the lifetime of one version of the schema is not to be made obsolete as the schema changes. This annotated bibliography investigates current published research with respect to the handling of changing schemas in database systems.
BLOCKADE OF THE CD40/CD154 PATHWAY ENHANCES T-CELLDEPLETED ALLOGENEIC BONE MARROW ENGRAFTMENT UNDER NONMYELOABLATIVE AND IRRADIATION-FREE CONDITIONING THERAPY (2003)

Donor T cells facilitate bone marrow engraftment under nonmyeloablative and irradiation-free conditioning therapy, and the blocking the CD40/CD154 pathway can replace donor T cells to promote TDBM engraftment.
1705-km transmission over coupled-core fibre supporting 6 spatial modes (2014)

We present experimental transmission results for a novel 6-core coupled-core fibre with 125 μm cladding diameter. We transmit combined 2-polarization, 6-SDM and 30-WDM channels over a distance of 1705 km, with a spectral-efficiency-distance product of 30690 bit/s/Hz km.
A 232-Channel Epiretinal Stimulator ASIC (2007)

This paper presents the architecture and design of a stimulator ASIC for a visual prosthesis. The circuit employs fully wireless operation and features 232 channels with a maximum of 116 parallel stimulations. The architecture is separated into shared global functions and locally distributed stimulation functions. High tissue impedance of epiretinal stimulation sets the need for high-voltage output compliance, which is typically as high as 22.5 V in this implementation. For implantation-ready design, full testability has been achieved, full ESD protection was implemented, and novel safety features were realized in order to combine highly flexible operation with maximum innocuousness for the patient. The overall stimulator occupies 22 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in a 0.35 HVCMOS technology.
The Architecture of MAITA A Tool For Monitoring, Analysis, and Interpretation (2004)

: This report describes the aims, functions, and organization of the MAITA system for knowledge-based construction, adaptation, and control of networks of monitoring processes. DRAFT Version of September 21, 1999 at 12 : 24 Comments are welcome. Please address comments to doyle@mit.edu. c fl Copyright 1999 by the authors This document is available via http://www.medg.lcs.mit.edu/projects/maita/. Acknowledgments We thank several people for their help in the MAITA project. ffl Philip Greenspun suggested the notion of a database-backed monitor of monitors and helped with TCL, AOLServer, and Oracle in our initial implementations. ffl Cungen Cao prepared the first major implementation of the MOM and sample monitoring processes in Java. ffl Mary Desouza helped with the library knowledge base design. ffl Neil MacIntosh provided NICU data sets used in some of our demonstrations. ffl Christine Tsien provided useful advice on monitoring problems. The initial versions of MAITA mon...
A Novel, High Performance Enzyme for Starch Liquefaction (2002)

High throughput screening of microbial DNA libraries was used to identify alpha-amylases with phenotypic characteristics compatible with large scale corn wet milling process conditions. Single and multiorganism DNA libraries originating from various environments were targeted for activity and sequence-based screening approaches. After initial screening, 15 clones were designated as primary hits based upon activity at pH 4.5 or 95 degrees C without addition of endogenous Ca(2+). After further characterization, three enzyme candidates were chosen each with an exceptional expression of one or more aspects of the necessary phenotype: temperature stability, pH optimum, lowered reliance on Ca(2+) and/or enzyme rate. To combine the best aspects of the three phenotypes to optimize process compatibility, the natural gene homologues were used as a parental sequence set for gene reassembly. Approximately 21,000 chimeric daughter sequences were generated and subsets screened using a process-specific, high throughput activity assay. Gene reassembly resulted in numerous improved mutants with combined optimal phenotypes of expression, temperature stability, and pH optimum. After biochemical and process-specific characterization of these gene products, one alpha-amylase with exceptional process compatibility and economics was identified. This paper describes the synergistic approach of combining environmental discovery and laboratory evolution for identification and optimization of industrially important biocatalysts.
Metal Complexes as Photo- and Radiosensitizers (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetal Complexes as Photo- and RadiosensitizersHasrat Ali and Johan E. van LierView Author Information MRC Group in the Radiation Sciences, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1H 5N4 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 9, 2379–2450Publication Date (Web):August 14, 1999Publication History Received2 March 1999Revised5 July 1999Published online14 August 1999Published inissue 8 September 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr980439yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr980439yresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5952Altmetric-Citations767LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Dyes and pigments,Ligands,Pyrroles,Reaction products,Tumors Get e-Alerts
Systematic study of pFET V/sub t/ with Hf-based gate stacks with poly-Si and FUSI gates (2004)

The flatband/threshold voltages (V/sub fb//V/sub t/) in poly-Si gated pFETs with Hf-based gate dielectrics are shown to be set during poly-Si deposition and are found to remain virtually unchanged during gate implantation and activation, independent of the p-type dopant. The reaction of Si with HfO/sub 2/ at poly-Si deposition temperatures is identified as the root cause for the poor V/sub fb//V/sub t/ control. No improvement in V/sub t/ control is obtained by engineering physically closed Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ barrier layers on HfO/sub 2/. It is furthermore shown for the first time that even when the gate is fully silicided (FUSI) large V/sub fb//V/sub t/ shifts are observed with HfO/sub 2/. Reduced pFET shifts are observed when Hf-silicates with low Hf content are used and further improvements are observed by using Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ cap layers on silicates.
Detailed Simulation Study of a Reverse Embedded-SiGe Strained-Silicon MOSFET (2008)

This paper presents an extensive simulation study of a MOSFET with reverse embedded-SiGe (Rev. e-SiGe), a new strained-silicon concept that utilizes elastic relaxation of a buried compressive SiGe layer to induce tensile strain in the channel. Simulations were executed to calculate the channel stress for device structures with a gate length between 32 and 10 nm, and including 4900 different combinations of the device parameters. The device parameters most critical for determining the channel stress are identified, and it is shown that optimization of the device structure to maximize the channel stress can be understood in a simple manner involving only two underlying variables, the t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SiGe</sub> /t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Si</sub> ; ratio and the silicon/SiGe island aspect ratio. A study of the practical limits to the critical determinants of channel stress is described, and the channel stress for optimized structures within these practical limits is simulated. The Rev. e-SiGe technique is shown to be effective, inducing a level of stress comparable to or exceeding conventional strained-silicon techniques, and it is shown to be scalable down to a gate length of 10 nm. An enhanced Rev. e-SiGe process is proposed involving spacer removal and gate recrystalization; simulations show that the enhanced process can nearly double the channel stress.
Antibody and Antigen Contact Residues Define Epitope and Paratope Size and Structure (2013)

A total of 111 Ag-Ab x-ray crystal structures of large protein Ag epitopes and paratopes were analyzed to inform the process of eliciting or selecting functional and therapeutic Abs. These analyses illustrate that Ab contact residues (CR) are distributed in three prominent CR regions (CRR) on L and H chains that overlap but do not coincide with Ab CDR. The number of Ag and Ab CRs per structure are overlapping and centered around 18 and 19, respectively. The CR span (CRS), a novel measure introduced in this article, is defined as the minimum contiguous amino acid sequence containing all CRs of an Ag or Ab and represents the size of a complete structural epitope or paratope, inclusive of CR and the minimum set of supporting residues required for proper conformation. The most frequent size of epitope CRS is 50-79 aa, which is similar in size to L (60-69) and H chain (70-79) CRS. The size distribution of epitope CRS analyzed in this study ranges from ~20 to 400 aa, similar to the distribution of independent protein domain sizes reported in the literature. Together, the number of CRs and the size of the CRS demonstrate that, on average, complete structural epitopes and paratopes are equal in size to each other and similar in size to intact protein domains. Thus, independent protein domains inclusive of biologically relevant sites represent the fundamental structural unit bound by, and useful for eliciting or selecting, functional and therapeutic Abs.