gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly Reliable Operation of InGaP/InGaAlP Multi-Quantum-Well Visible Laser Diodes (1992)

Highly reliable operation has been achieved for transverse-mode stabilized InGaP/InGaAlP multi-quantum-well (MQW) laser diodes with a selectively buried ridge waveguide structure emitting at 663 nm. These MQW laser diodes have been operating for more than 9,000 hours at an output power of 3 mW at 40°C. This achievement is attributed to the low threshold current and the excellent temperature characteristics (the maximum temperature for CW oscillation is 95°C) for such a short wavelength.
Design considerations in instrumenting and monitoring web‐based information retrieval systems (1998)

The Internet Web environment opens up extraordinary information are changing rapidly. Daily, hundreds of opportunities for user access to information. Techniques thousands of individuals use the Internet and Web for monitoring users and systems and for evaluating sys- browsers like Netscape to obtain a much broader range tem design and performance have not kept pace with of information than has previously been possible. This Web development. This article reviews concepts of Web information consists not only of bibliographic citations operations (including browsers, clients, information retrieval applications, servers, and data communications but of full text, data, images, sound, programs, and the systems) with specific attention given to how monitoring like. The manner of searching has changed as has the should take place and how privacy can be protected. It content of search results, but the design of transaction examines monitoring needs of users, systems designers, logging programs has not caught up with these changes. managers, and customer support staff and outlines mea- Despite the changing nature of the content of informasures of workload, capacity, and performance for hardware, software, and data communications systems. Fi- tion retrieval systems, the user interface, and the data nally, the article proposes a client-server design for communications interface, a basic research question remonitoring, which involves creation of a series of server mains: Is the system effective in helping users find inforand client systems to obtain and process transaction mation? It is growing more difficult to answer this quesand computer performance information. These systems tion because interface and communications systems are include: A Log Server, which captures all levels of transactions and packets on the network; a Monitor Server, more complex. However, there is much useful informawhich synthesizes the log and packet data; an Assis- tion ideally suited for logging ( such as user actions and tance Server, which processes requests for information system performance ) and these logs can be used to supand help from the Web Server in real time; and an Ac- plement qualitative evaluations or confirm user uncercounting Server, which authenticates user access to the tainty regarding actions taken. system. A special System Administrator Client is proposed to control the monitoring system, as is a System It is extremely expensive to conduct personal interInformation Client to receive real-time and on-demand views with users to find out if they are satisfied with reports of system activity. the information retrieved and / or the information system itself. So efficient evaluation must rely on computerized methods to capture this data as unobtrusively and effec
Feeder- and serum-free establishment and expansion of human induced pluripotent stem cells (2009)

Although human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) hold great promise as a source of differentiated cells for vast therapeutic implications, many obstacles still need to be surmounted before this can become a reality. One obstacle, a robust feeder- and serum-free system to generate and expand hiPSCs in culture is still unavailable. Here, for the first time, we describe a novel establishment and maintenance culture technique that uses human dermal fibroblasts to generate hiPSCs by introducing four factors, Klf4, Oct4, Sox2, and c-Myc under serum- and feeder-independent conditions. We have used a serum replacement product, conditioned medium (CM), or feeder-free medium (FFM) supplemented with high elevated basic-fibroblast growth factor in the absence or presence of Matrigel. Our FFM system in the presence of Matrigel enhanced the efficiency of alkaline phosphatase-positive colonies at a frequency at least 10-fold greater than the conventional method on feeder cells. The established hiPSCs are similar to human embryonic stem cells in many aspects including morphology, passaging, surface and pluripotency markers, normal karyotype, gene expression, ultrastructure, and in vitro differentiation. Such hiPSCs could be useful particularly in the context of in vitro disease modeling, pharmaceutical screening and in cellular replacement therapies once the safety issues have been overcome.
Evolving the browser towards a standard user interface architecture (2002)

If current trends continue, it is likely that the web browser will become the only widely used user interface. Web applications will become the predominant software. Should this happen, user interface design, implementation and evaluation skills can become more focussed and effective. Some of the benefits current browser user interfaces provide are discussed in the context of web application tools produced by the author and supported by examples. The software architecture of the Web brings special HCI demands, and the user design experts of the future will require training in this architecture. This evolution is scrutinised in terms of the new web services that will become available. Recent trends in this direction are presented, and future trends explored, with supporting evidence taken from a range of applications. The influence of the Web, with now a long history of user experience, can bring benefits to user interface design in the future.
Primary health care. (1981)

Health professionals need to be reminded that Primary Health Care (PHC) is an inclusive concept; it ecompasses not only curative medicine but broadly defined preventive health measures ranging from family planning services to the provision of adequate housing food and safe drinking water. The concept stresses the need to make it possible for all members of the communit to lead healthy lives by providing affordable PHC services. More specifically PHC as envisioned for South Africa and as defined by J. W. Bodenstein of the South African Department of Health Welfare and Pensions provides that all individuals have access to a wide range of 1) preventive services including maternal and child care family planning control of endemic diseases and health and nutritional education; 2) treatment services including emergency care treatment for minor illnesses and common endemic diseases and referral of patients in need of more specialized care; and 3) community services aimed at increasing food production improving communication and transportation facilities and improving health education. South Africas Health Act 63 passes in 1977 further expanded the concept to include rehabilitative services. In addition the PHC system should provide for 1) the active participation of the community 2) the integration of the PHC program into the countrys overall development plan 3) equitable health services for all segments of the population and 4) the creation of an infrastructure capable of supporting the program.
Luminal perfusion of isolated gastric glands (1994)

We have extended to rabbit gastric glands the technique for perfusing single isolated renal tubules. We isolated glands by hand dissection and used concentric glass pipettes to hold them and perfuse their lumina. Parietal cells (PCs), which tended to be located toward the gland opening, were identified by their pyramidal shape, large size, and autofluorescence. Chief cells (CCs) were identified by their round shape and smaller size. In some experiments, we perfused the lumen with hydroxypyrenetrisulfonate, a pH-sensitive fluorophore, at pH 7.4 and used digital image processing to monitor luminal pH (pH1). Solutions were buffered with N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid to pH 7.4 at 37 degrees C. With fast perfusion, we found no evidence of decreased pH1, even with stimulation by 10 microM carbachol. With slow perfusion, pH1 often fell below the dye's sensitive range (pH < 5), especially at low perfusate buffering power. In other experiments, we loaded cells with the pH-sensitive dye 2',7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein and monitored intracellular pH (pHi) in multiple individual PCs and CCs in a single gland. Mean pHi was 7.21 +/- 0.02 (n = 136 cells) for PCs and 7.27 +/- 0.03 (n = 103) for CCs. To examine the response to decreased pH1 and basolateral pH (pHb), we lowered pHb to 6.4 or lowered pH1 to 3.4 or 1.4. Lowering pHb to 6.4 for approximately 1 min caused pHi to fall reversibly by 0.39 +/- 0.05 (n = 53) in PCs and 0.58 +/- 0.03 (n = 50) in CCs. Lowering pH1 to 3.4 or 1.4 caused no significant pHi changes in PCs (n = 38 and 82) or in CCs (n = 44 and 77). Carbachol did not affect the response to changes in pH1 or pHb. We conclude that the apical surfaces of PCs and CCs are unusually resistant to extreme pH gradients.
Clinical Model to Predict Survival in Chemonaive Patients With Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Third-Generation Chemotherapy Regimens Based on Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Data (2004)

Six pretreatment factors can be used to predict survival in chemotherapy-naive NSCLC patients treated with standard chemotherapy. Using our prognostic nomogram, 1- and 2-year survival probability of NSCLC patients can be estimated before treatment. This prognostic model may help clinicians and patients in clinical decision making, as well as investigators in research planning.
Low‐density lipoprotein receptor activity in Epstein‐Barr virus‐transformed lymphocytes from heterozygotes for the D374Y mutation in the PCSK9 gene (2006)

LDLR-mediated endocytosis of LDL is not reduced in EBV-transformed lymphocytes from D374Y heterozygotes. Because of the extremely low levels of PCSK9 mRNA in EBV-transformed lymphocytes, it is possible that the LDLR-dependent endocytosis of LDL could be more severely affected in hepatocytes from D374Y heterozygotes than in EBV-transformed lymphocytes.
Gene transfer and cardiovascular disorders. (1993)

Within the past four years, basic recombinant techniques (such as molecular cloning, sequencing, site-directed mutagenesis, PCR, and transfection) have been combined to yield a "second generation" of recombinant DNA technology with experimental potential which could barely have been envisioned only a decade ago. This review will focus upon the genesis and cardiovascular application of two recent developments in gene transfer technology: gene targeting by homologous recombination and direct in vivo gene transfer. Gene targeting evolved from transgenic mouse technology but is distinguished by its ability to precisely disrupt or "knock-out" specific genes in the murine genome. This not only provides decisive answers to functional questions, but also produces accurate models of human genetic disorders. In vivo gene transfer provides for the direct introduction of genetic information into living tissues. In vivo gene transfer not only facilitates basic research by providing a simple and direct way to analyze gene structure and function in intact animals, but may also find direct clinical application in the treatment of genetic and acquired disorders such as familial hypercholesterolemia and restenosis.
The endogenous cannabinoid system affects energy balance via central orexigenic drive and peripheral lipogenesis (2003)

The cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) and its endogenous ligands, the endocannabinoids, are involved in the regulation of food intake. Here we show that the lack of CB1 in mice with a disrupted CB1 gene causes hypophagia and leanness. As compared with WT (CB1+/+) littermates, mice lacking CB1 (CB1-/-) exhibited reduced spontaneous caloric intake and, as a consequence of reduced total fat mass, decreased body weight. In young CB1-/- mice, the lean phenotype is predominantly caused by decreased caloric intake, whereas in adult CB1-/- mice, metabolic factors appear to contribute to the lean phenotype. No significant differences between genotypes were detected regarding locomotor activity, body temperature, or energy expenditure. Hypothalamic CB1 mRNA was found to be coexpressed with neuropeptides known to modulate food intake, such as corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), cocaine-amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), and preproorexin, indicating a possible role for endocannabinoid receptors within central networks governing appetite. CB1-/- mice showed significantly increased CRH mRNA levels in the paraventricular nucleus and reduced CART mRNA levels in the dorsomedial and lateral hypothalamic areas. CB1 was also detected in epidydimal mouse adipocytes, and CB1-specific activation enhanced lipogenesis in primary adipocyte cultures. Our results indicate that the cannabinoid system is an essential endogenous regulator of energy homeostasis via central orexigenic as well as peripheral lipogenic mechanisms and might therefore represent a promising target to treat diseases characterized by impaired energy balance.
Intestinal ion transport and the pathophysiology of diarrhea (2003)

Nonstandard abbreviations used: Na/H exchanger (NHE); downregulated in adenoma (DRA); putative anion transporter 1 (PAT1); cholera toxin (CT); protein kinase A (PKA); cystic fibrosis (CF); cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR); NHE3 kinase A regulatory protein (E3KARP); vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP); enteric nervous system (ENS); heat-stable toxin (
Model of inhibition of the NPM-ALK kinase activity by herbimycin A. (2002)

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) exhibiting the t(2;5) translocation is characterized by the resulting expression of the oncogenic fusion protein nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK) gene product. The ALK domain of NPM-ALK contains kinase activity, which is responsible for the autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues of the oncogenic protein and phosphorylation of SH2-protein substrates. Herbimycin A is a general protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor active as an antiproliferative compound against different types of mammalian cells. Herbimycin A inhibited the NPM-ALK-associated autophosphorylating activity in an in vitro cell-free kinase assay. The inhibition was specific when tested against other kinase inhibitors and extended to other cell lines derived from t(2;5)-ALCL. SUDHL-1 cells showed increasing percentage of cells in G(1) after 18 h of incubation with a dose of herbimycin A. NPM-ALK, Akt, and pAkt were down-regulated after 24 h of incubation with herbimycin A. Apoptosis was observed only if the dose of inhibitor was given every 12 h for prolonged time. Our results show that herbimycin A interferes with NPM-ALK and Akt pathways in SUDHL-1 cells. It seems that prolonged inhibition of these biochemical pathways may lead to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. This study supports the idea of investigating protein kinase inhibitors as therapeutic compounds for t(2;5)-ALCL.
The Virulence Plasmid ofYersinia, an Antihost Genome (1998)

The 70-kb virulence plasmid enables Yersinia spp. (Yersinia pestis, Y. pseudotuberculosis, and Y. enterocolitica) to survive and multiply in the lymphoid tissues of their host. It encodes the Yop virulon, an integrated system allowing extracellular bacteria to disarm the cells involved in the immune response, to disrupt their communications, or even to induce their apoptosis by the injection of bacterial effector proteins. This system consists of the Yop proteins and their dedicated type III secretion apparatus, called Ysc. The Ysc apparatus is composed of some 25 proteins including a secretin. Most of the Yops fall into two groups. Some of them are the intracellular effectors (YopE, YopH, YpkA/YopO, YopP/YopJ, YopM, and YopT), while the others (YopB, YopD, and LcrV) form the translocation apparatus that is deployed at the bacterial surface to deliver the effectors into the eukaryotic cells, across their plasma membrane. Yop secretion is triggered by contact with eukaryotic cells and controlled by proteins of the virulon including YopN, TyeA, and LcrG, which are thought to form a plug complex closing the bacterial secretion channel. The proper operation of the system also requires small individual chaperones, called the Syc proteins, in the bacterial cytosol. Transcription of the genes is controlled both by temperature and by the activity of the secretion apparatus. The virulence plasmid of Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis also encodes the adhesin YadA. The virulence plasmid contains some evolutionary remnants including, in Y. enterocolitica, an operon encoding resistance to arsenic compounds.
Controlling inflammation: the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (2006)

Innate immune responses and inflammation are regulated in part by neural mechanisms. In the present paper, we summarize experimental evidence that reveals that innate immunity and inflammation are controlled by the vagus nerve, previously known as a regulator of other vital physiological functions. Activation of vagus nerve cholinergic signalling inhibits TNF (tumour necrosis factor) and other pro-inflammatory cytokine overproduction through 'immune' alpha7 nicotinic receptor-mediated mechanisms. This efferent vagus nerve-based 'cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway' has been elucidated as a critical regulator of inflammation in several experimental models of diseases. Our recent observations have shown that activation of central (brain) cholinergic transmission by selective muscarinic receptor ligands results in lower systemic TNF levels in rodents and indicate that the efferent vagus nerve may provide a functional brain-to-immune connection. Thus central cholinergic signalling is implicated in the activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Electrical vagus nerve stimulation is clinically approved for the treatment of epilepsy and depression and current knowledge suggests that it could be utilized to control inflammation. Advances in understanding the receptor and molecular mechanisms of cholinergic anti-inflammatory signalling indicate that selective alpha7 nicotinic receptor agonists and centrally acting cholinergic enhancers can be used in the treatment of pathological conditions characterized by cytokine overproduction.
FUNDAMANT: an interventional 72-week phase 1 follow-up study of AADvac1, an active immunotherapy against tau protein pathology in Alzheimer’s disease (2018)

The studies are registered with the EU Clinical Trials Register and ClinicalTrials.gov : the preceding first-in-human study under EudraCT 2012-003916-29 and NCT01850238 (registered on 9 May 2013) and the follow-up study under EudraCT 2013-004499-36 and NCT02031198 (registered 9 Jan 2014), respectively.
Adsorption of proteins onto surfaces containing end-attached oligo(ethylene oxide): a model system using self-assembled monolayers (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdsorption of proteins onto surfaces containing end-attached oligo(ethylene oxide): a model system using self-assembled monolayersKevin L. Prime and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 23, 10714–10721Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00076a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00076a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6525Altmetric-Citations1439LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Rheological Study of Genipin Cross-Linked Chitosan Hydrogels (2007)

This paper reports the rheological behavior of chitosan solutions that have been cross-linked with different amounts of genipin, at body temperature and physiological pH. The effect of the cross-linker loading on the rheological properties of hydrogels has been evaluated. The oscillatory time sweep method was used to monitor the dynamic viscoelastic parameters during in situ (i.e., in the rheometer) gelation experiments, enabling the determination of the gelation time. The stress and frequency sweeps were employed to measure G' of the cured hydrogels. It was found that the solutions of chitosan cross-linked with genipin, under physiological conditions, could form relatively strong elastic gels when compared to those of pure chitosan. Moreover, the gelation time obtained from the crossover of G'' and G' was in excellent agreement with the value obtained from the Winter-Chambon criterion. A significant reduction on this parameter was achieved even at low genipin concentrations. This behavior suggests that these formulations are able to be produced in situ and thus constitute promising matrices for cells and bioactive molecule encapsulations.
Performance of vinyl ether cross-linkers on resist for 193-nm lithography (2002)

A three-component positive working resist composed of an acrylate polymer, vinyl ether cross-linker, and photoacid generator was evaluated for vacuum UV lithography. The vinyl ether cross-linker using tricyclodecyl group of alicyclic compound has a high transparency. This resist system shows a relatively high sensitivity and has a good profiling by irradiation using 193 nm light from an ArF excimer laser. Moreover, we found that these cross-linking type resists have advantages with respect to its resist properties such as the acid diffusion and the dry etching resistance.
Is Base Excision Repair a Tumor Suppressor Mechanism? (2006)

The base excision repair pathway is critical for the removal of oxidized and methylated bases from the DNA. Much of this DNA damage arises endogenously, as a result of oxygen metabolism. Several proteins including DNA glycosylases, the APE1 endonuclease, DNA polymerase beta and DNA ligase, act in a highly regulated and coordinated manner during base excision repair to excise the base adducts from the DNA and restore the normal DNA sequence. Both germline and tumor-associated variants of genes encoding these proteins have been identified in humans. In many cases, the protein variant has been shown to have properties that could contribute to the development of cancer, suggesting that base excision repair acts as a tumor suppressor mechanism in humans. Limited epidemiological studies are consistent with this view. Our review of the literature indicates that additional laboratory and epidemiological studies of the role of base excision repair in cancer etiology is warranted.