gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Thiol-Reactive Lipopeptide Adjuvants. Incorporation into Liposomes and Study of Their Mitogenic Effect on Mouse Splenocytes (2004)

Synthetic analogues of triacylated and diacylated lipopeptides derived from the N-terminal domain of respectively bacterial and mycoplasmal lipoproteins are highly potent immunoadjuvants when administered either in combination with protein antigens or covalently linked to small peptide epitopes. Because of their amphipathic properties, lipopeptides, such as S-[2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)-(2RS)-propyl]-N-palmitoyl-(R)-cysteinyl-alanyl-glycine (Pam(3)CAG), can be conveniently incorporated into liposomes and serve as anchors for antigens that are linked to them. To design vaccination constructs based on synthetic peptides and liposomes as vectors. we have accordingly synthesized a series of lipopeptides that differ by the number (Pam(3)C vs Pam(2)C) and nature of the acyl chains (palmitoyl vs oleoyl) and by the presence at their C-terminus of thiol-reactive functions, such as maleimide or bromoacetyl. When incorporated into liposomes, these latter functionalized lipopeptides allow, in aqueous media, a well controlled chemoselective conjugation of HS-peptides to the surface of the vesicles. Using a BALB/c mice splenocyte proliferation assay ([(3)H]thymidine incorporation), we have measured the lymphocyte activation potency of the different lipopeptides. We found that, compared to their free (emulsified) forms, the liposomal lipopeptides were endowed with enhanced mitogenic activities; i.e., up to 2 orders of magnitude for Pam(3)CAG which was more potent than Pam(2)CAG. The impact of functionalization on the cellular activity of Pam(3)CAG was dependent on the thiol-reactive group introduced: whereas the bromoacetyl derivative retained its full activity, the presence of a maleimide group virtually abolished the lymphocyte activation of the lipopeptide. Finally, the substitution of saturated palmitoyl chains by unsaturated oleoyl chains was inhibitory. Thus, thiol-reactive Ol(3)CAG derivatives were the least active mitogens in our assay. Taken together, our findings are of importance for the further optimization of antigen-specific liposomal-based synthetic vaccines; the bromoacetyl derivative of Pam(3)CAG should be a promising lipopeptide derivative serving as an anchor for peptide epitopes while retaining its lymphocyte activation activity.
Management of an Ileostomy and Mucous Fistula Located in a Dehisced Wound in a Patient With Morbid Obesity (2003)

In Brief Case study of a 51-year-old African-American man with idiopathic mesenteric ischemia, requiring emergent bowel resection, ileostomy, and mucous fistula, who experienced dehiscence of his abdominal wound two weeks postoperatively.
Novel photovoltaic devices based on donor-acceptor molecular and conducting polymer systems (1997)

Interest in organic photocells was significantly renewed a few years ago due to discovery of extremely fast photo-induced charge transfer (CT) from conducting polymer (CP) to fullerene C/sub 60/ molecules in CP(C/sub 60/) composites. This allowed creation of interfacial junction photocells with relatively high efficiencies. It has been recognized that those are not conventional p/n type semiconducting junction devices, but are so called donor-acceptor (D A) photocells, reminiscent of reaction centers of natural photosynthetic systems. Even more efficient photovoltaic devices have recently been fabricated with interpenetrating D-A networks which allow electron-hole separation to take place throughout the bulk of the device. In the present paper we demonstrate how these photocells can be further improved; we describe new experimental results, give general discussion of the efficiency of such devices, and analyze strategies for design of better D-A type photocells. Our recent experimental results on sensitization by inserting an excitonic layer between donor and acceptor layers multilayered structures, and by doping the D-layer by A-molecules in D(A)/A cells are briefly discussed. The organic photocell, which consists of the multilayer structure: ITO/poly(2,5-dioctyloxy-phenylenvinylene) (OOPPV)/octaethylporphine (OEP)/C/sub 60//Al, has been fabricated. Photocurrent yield spectra are interpreted by light absorption at OEP layer, exciton migration, and charge generation at both organic heterojunctions. That is, double heterojunctions of OOPPV/OEP and OEP/C/sub 60/ contribute to the charge generation by excitonic dissociation. We also report new type of "fractal network" photovoltaic devices made of two conducting polymers, particularly D and A derivatives of poly(phenylene vinylene). Conceptual theoretical work and modeling have been carried out to understand the ways for improvement of the device performance. Strategies to improve each step involving selective doping have been suggested to improve each step. Selective doping can provide low serial resistance and create internal electric fields for the collection of charges, while in the undoped parts excitons are effectively photogenerated. Ways to increase the effective use of absorbed photon energy and filling factor are also suggested.
Volumetric Real-Time Tracking of Peripheral Human Vasculature With GPU-Accelerated Three-Dimensional Optoacoustic Tomography (2013)

Optoacoustic tomography provides a unique possibility for ultra-high-speed 3-D imaging by acquiring complete volumetric datasets from interrogation of tissue by a single nanosecond-duration laser pulse. Yet, similarly to ultrasound, optoacoustics is a time-resolved imaging method, thus, fast 3-D imaging implies real-time acquisition and processing of high speed data from hundreds of detectors simultaneously, which presents significant technological challenges. Herein we present a highly efficient graphical processing unit (GPU) framework for real-time reconstruction and visualization of 3-D tomographic optoacoustic data. By utilizing a newly developed 3-D optoacoustic scanner, which simultaneously acquires signals with a handheld 256-element spherical ultrasonic array system, we further demonstrate tracking of deep tissue human vasculature rendered at a rate of 10 volumetric frames per second. The flexibility provided by the handheld hardware design, combined with the real-time operation, makes the developed platform highly usable for both clinical imaging practice and small animal research applications.
Saponins from roots of Kalopanax septemlobus (THUNB.)KOIDZ., Ciqiu: Structures of kalopanax-saponins C, D, E and F. (1989)

Four new triterpenois saponins named kalopanax-saponins C (4), D (5), E (6) and F (7) were isolated from the roots of Kalopanax septemlobus (THUNB.) KOIDZ. together with three known saponins, kalopanax-saponins A (1) and B (2), and chikusetsusaponin IV (3). On the basis of chemical and spectral data, the structures of these new saponins were elucidated to be as follows : (4), 3-O-α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-α-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-glucopyranosyl ester; (5), 3-O-α-rhamno-pyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-α-arabinopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-glucopyranosyl ester; (6), 3-O-β-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-glucuronopyranosyl oleanolic acid; (7), 3-O-α-arabinopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]β-glucuronopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-β-glucopyranosyl ester.
The Effect of Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the Biomechanics and Histology of Gel-Collagen Sponge Constructs Used for Rabbit Patellar Tendon Repair (2006)

The objective of this study was to introduce mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into a gel-sponge composite and examine the effect the cells have on repair biomechanics and histology 12 weeks postsurgery. We tested two related hypotheses-adding MSCs would significantly improve repair biomechanics and cellular organization, and would result in higher failure forces than peak in vivo patellar tendon (PT) forces recorded for an inclined hopping activity. Autogenous tissue-engineered constructs were created by seeding MSCs from 15 adult rabbits at 0.1 x 10(6) cells/mL in 2.6 mg/mL of collagen gel in collagen sponges. Acellular constructs were created using the same concentration of collagen gel in matching collagen sponges. These cellular and acellular constructs were implanted in bilateral full-thickness, full-length defects in the central third of patellar tendons. At 12 weeks after surgery, repair tissues were assigned for biomechanical (n = 12 pairs) and histological (n = 3 pairs) analyses. Maximum force and maximum stress for the cellular repairs were about 60 and 50% of corresponding values for the normal central third of the PT, respectively. Likewise, linear stiffness and linear modulus for these cellular repairs averaged 75 and 30% of normal PT values, respectively. By contrast, the acellular repairs exhibited lower percentages of normal PT values for maximum force (40%), maximum stress (25%), linear stiffness (30%), and linear modulus (20%). Histologically, both repairs showed strong staining for collagen types III and V, fibronectin, and decorin. The cellular repairs also showed cellular alignment comparable to that of normal tendon. This study shows that introducing autogenous mesenchymal stem cells into a gel-collagen sponge composite significantly improves tendon repair compared to the use of a gel-sponge composite alone in the range of in vivo loading.
Scattering of an evanescent surface wave by a microscopic dielectric sphere (1993)

A ray-optics scattering model has been developed to determine if multiple reflections between the sphere and the plate could alter the exponential relationship between the scattering intensity and the separation distance as contact is approached. Results indicate that the effect of multiple reflections is dependent on sphere size, refractive indices, and the penetration depth of the evanescent wave. An experimental validation of the model was performed with polystyrene spheres (diameters 7-30 microm) immersed in an alcohol mixture and resting on an MgF(2) film that had the same refractive index. Film thicknesses varied between 0 and 300 nm. No significant effect of multiple reflections was measured at an incident angle approximately 2 degrees above the critical angle, which was in agreement with the predictions of the ray-optics model. By contrast, the scattering intensity from a 300-microm sphere was predicted to be much more sensitive to the separation distance at separations below one penetration depth when the incident a ngle was increased to over 6 degrees above the critical angle.
Treatment of myoclonic syndromes with paroxetine alone or combined with 5-HTP (1982)

Paroxetine is a specific presynaptic 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor which ameliorated posthypoxic intention myoclonus in 2 out of 3 patients, when given alone or in combination with L-5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) with carbidopa. The concentration of 5-HT in the cerebrospinal fluid from 1 patient was only 3 nmol/l despite the presence of 600 nmol/l of 5-HTP during steady state treatment with the amino acid and paroxetine. No effect of the combined medication was found in 2 patients disordered by palatal myoclonus.
Detection of explosives on solid surfaces by thermal desorption and ambient ion/molecule reactions (2005)

A simple, fast and direct method is presented for detecting traces of solid explosives on cotton swabs or in particulate samples: ions are transferred into a mass spectrometer after thermal desorption and corona discharge chemical ionization in ambient air; specificity is enhanced using ambient ion/molecule reactions or by conventional tandem mass spectrometry.
Development of a New Isogenic Cell-Xenograft System for Evaluation of NAD(P)H:Quinone Oxidoreductase-Directed Antitumor Quinones (2004)

The MDA468/NQ16 isogenic cell line pair is a useful model system for evaluating the role of NQO1 in the bioactivation of antitumor quinones in both cell lines and xenografts. In addition, our data demonstrate that the novel antitumor quinone RH1, is effectively activated by NQO1 both in vitro and in vivo.
Efficient photon detection from color centers in a diamond optical waveguide (2012)

A common limitation of experiments using color centers in diamond is the poor photon collection efficiency of microscope objectives due to refraction at the diamond interface. We present a simple and effective technique to detect a large fraction of photons emitted by color centers within a planar diamond sample by detecting light that is guided to the edges of the diamond via total internal reflection. We describe a prototype device using this ``side-collection'' technique, which provides a photon collection efficiency $\ensuremath{\approx}47%$ and a photon detection efficiency $\ensuremath{\approx}39%$. We apply the enhanced signal-to-noise ratio gained from side collection to ac magnetometry using ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers, and demonstrate an ac magnetic field sensitivity $\ensuremath{\approx}100\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{pT}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$, limited by added noise in the prototype side-collection device. Technical optimization should allow significant further improvements in photon collection and detection efficiency as well as subpicotesla NV-diamond magnetic field sensitivity using the side-collection technique.
Preclinical and clinical evaluation of sulforaphane for chemoprevention in the breast (2007)

Consumers of higher levels of Brassica vegetables, particularly those of the genus Brassica (broccoli, Brussels sprouts and cabbage), reduce their susceptibility to cancer at a variety of organ sites. Brassica vegetables contain high concentrations of glucosinolates that can be hydrolyzed by the plant enzyme, myrosinase, or intestinal microflora to isothiocyanates, potent inducers of cytoprotective enzymes and inhibitors of carcinogenesis. Oral administration of either the isothiocyanate, sulforaphane, or its glucosinolate precursor, glucoraphanin, inhibits mammary carcinogenesis in rats treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. In this study, we sought to determine whether sulforaphane exerts a direct chemopreventive action on animal and human mammary tissue. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a single 150 mumol oral dose of sulforaphane were evaluated in the rat mammary gland. We detected sulforaphane metabolites at concentrations known to alter gene expression in cell culture. Elevated cytoprotective NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene transcripts were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. An observed 3-fold increase in NQO1 enzymatic activity, as well as 4-fold elevated immunostaining of HO-1 in rat mammary epithelium, provides strong evidence of a pronounced pharmacodynamic action of sulforaphane. In a subsequent pilot study, eight healthy women undergoing reduction mammoplasty were given a single dose of a broccoli sprout preparation containing 200 mumol of sulforaphane. Following oral dosing, sulforaphane metabolites were readily measurable in human breast tissue enriched for epithelial cells. These findings provide a strong rationale for evaluating the protective effects of a broccoli sprout preparation in clinical trials of women at risk for breast cancer.
Homologous sequences other than insertion elements can serve as recombination sites in plasmid drug resistance gene amplification (1983)

A plasmid (pRR983) was constructed which has a gene coding for neomycin and kanamycin resistance flanked by direct repeats of regions of homology which contain no known insertion sequences. pRR983 does not have any homologous IS1 sequences. Growth of Proteus mirabilis harboring pRR983 in medium containing high concentration of neomycin resulted in cells which were highly resistant to both neomycin and kanamycin. Plasmid DNA was analyzed by using restriction endonucleases. In most cases the neomycin resistance gene had been tandemly duplicated by using the homologous DNA sequences flanking the resistance gene as recombination sites. This is analogous to tandem duplication of drug resistance genes on NR1 using the two direct repeats of IS1 as recombination sites. The amplified plasmid DNA returned to its original structure by the deletion of amplified neomycin resistance determinants when the host cells were cultured without selection for high resistance to neomycin.
MCF-10A-NeoST: a new cell system for studying cell-ECM and cell-cell interactions in breast cancer. (2001)

MCF-10A and these new derivatives provide a genetically matched model to study defects in cell adhesion and signaling that are relevant to cellular behaviors that often typify aggressive breast cancer cells.
Chemokines and Atherosclerotic Plaque Progression: Towards Therapeutic Targeting? (2007)

Atherosclerosis is currently viewed as an inflammatory disease in which the initiation and progression of the atherosclerotic plaque towards a rupture prone, unstable plaque is driven by leukocyte recruitment mediated by various inflammatory mediators. Recently, interest in chemotactic cytokines or chemokines with regard to atherosclerosis has been growing as chemokines mediate the influx of leukocytes that is typical of atherothrombosis. The activity of the majority of chemokines is overlapping and chemokines are not only produced by the various cellular constituents of the atherosclerotic plaque but also by activated platelets. Consequently, the direct influence of individual chemokines on plaque destabilisation and rupture is widespread and rather unclear. Experimental research has already established the role of a number of chemokines in advanced atherosclerosis. Nevertheless, given the complexity and size of the chemokine family, further screening of cardiovascular disease for chemokine level and genetic polymorphisms for chemokines will be warranted as the search for viable biomarkers of plaque destabilization as well as novel therapeutic targets for specific atheroregressive therapeutic compounds is ongoing. With regard to the latter, clinical trials with specific chemokine inhibitory strategies, like chemokine receptor antagonists, are already underway in other inflammatory disorders. Summarizing, chemokine inhibition likely constitutes an important therapeutic option next to already established drugs in the management of cardiovascular disease.
One-Pot Esterification and Selective 3α-Acetylation of Cholic and Deoxycholic Acid (1996)

A simple one-pot esterification and selective 3α-acetylation of cholic and deoxycholic acid with selected esters of acetic acid (ethyl, propyl and butyl) in the presence of catalytic amount of 4-toluenesulfonic acid and water has been described. The yields of the obtained esters varied in range of 74-95%.
A New Facile and Efficient Method for the Preparation of (Z)-α-Fluoro-β-(dialkylamino) acrylaldehydes from (Polyfuoro-1-propenyl)trimethylammonium Iodide (1993)

Treatment of (Z)-(2,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)trimethylammonium iodide, available in three steps from 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl o-nitrobenzenesulfonate, with various secondary amines in aqueous dimethyl sulfoxide at 40-70°C gave rise to the corresponding Z isomers of α-fluoro-β-(dialkylamino)acrylaldehydes in good yields, together with a small amount of (Z)-α-fluoro-β-(dimethylamino)-acrylaldehyde.
Jet‐based methods to print living cells (2006)

Cell printing has been popularized over the past few years as a revolutionary advance in tissue engineering has potentially enabled heterogeneous 3-D scaffolds to be built cell-by-cell. This review article summarizes the state-of-the-art cell printing techniques that utilize fluid jetting phenomena to deposit 2- and 3-D patterns of living eukaryotic cells. There are four distinct categories of jetbased approaches to printing cells. Laser guidance direct write (LG DW) was the first reported technique to print viable cells by forming patterns of embryonic-chick spinal-cord cells on a glass slide (1999). Shortly after this, modified laser-induced forward transfer techniques (LIFT) and modified ink jet printers were also used to print viable cells, followed by the most recent demonstration using an electrohydrodynamic jetting (EHDJ) method. The low cost of some of these printing technologies has spurred debate as to whether they could be used on a large scale to manufacture tissue and possibly even whole organs. This review summarizes the published results of these cell printers (cell viability, retained genotype and phenotype), and also includes a physical description of the various jetting processes with a discussion of the stresses and forces that may be encountered by cells during printing. We conclude the review by comparing and contrasting the different jet-based techniques, while providing a map for future experiments that could lead to significant advances in the field of tissue engineering.
Consistent Individual Differences in the Nutritive Sucking Behavior of the Human Newborn (1968)

Consistent individual differences between infants were found during repeated measures of nutritive sucking behavior. Sucking pressure was the most discriminating measure. The findings emphasize the importance of appropriate population, nutrient, and feeding schedule in providing reliable measures of newborn behavior.
Peptide-conjugate antisense based splice-correction for Duchenne muscular dystrophy and other neuromuscular diseases (2019)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration, caused by the absence of dystrophin. Exon skipping by antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) has recently gained recognition as therapeutic approach in DMD. Conjugation of a peptide to the phosphorodiamidate morpholino backbone (PMO) of ASOs generated the peptide-conjugated PMOs (PPMOs) that exhibit a dramatically improved pharmacokinetic profile. When tested in animal models, PPMOs demonstrate effective exon skipping in target muscles and prolonged duration of dystrophin restoration after a treatment regime. Herein we summarize the main pathophysiological features of DMD and the emergence of PPMOs as promising exon skipping agents aiming to rescue defective gene expression in DMD and other neuromuscular diseases. The listed PPMO laboratory findings correspond to latest trends in the field and highlight the obstacles that must be overcome prior to translating the animal-based research into clinical trials tailored to the needs of patients suffering from neuromuscular diseases.
Fine mapping of the latency-related gene of herpes simplex virus type 1: alternative splicing produces distinct latency-related RNAs containing open reading frames (1988)

The latency-related (LR) gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is transcriptionally active during HSV-1 latency, producing at least two LR-RNAs. The LR gene partially overlaps the immediate-early gene ICP0 and is transcribed in the opposite direction from ICP0, producing LR-RNAs that are complementary (antisense) to ICP0 mRNA. The LR gene is thought to be involved in HSV-1 latency. We report here the fine mapping and partial sequence analysis of this HSV-1 LR gene. 32P-labeled genomic DNA restriction fragments and synthetic oligonucleotides were used as probes for in situ hybridizations and Northern (RNA) blot hybridizations of RNA from trigeminal ganglia of rabbits latently infected with HSV-1. The two most abundant LR-RNAs appeared to share their 5' and 3' ends and to be produced by alternative splicing. These LR-RNAs were approximately 2 and 1.3 to 1.5 kilobases in length and were designated LR-RNA 1 and LR-RNA 2, respectively. Their 5' ends started approximately 1,210 nucleotides downstream from the 3' end of the ICP0 mRNA. Their 3' ends overlapped ICP0 by nearly 1,000 nucleotides. LR-RNA 1 appeared to have at least one intron removed, while LR-RNA 2 appeared to have at least two introns removed. The LR-RNAs contained two potential long open reading frames, suggesting the possibility that one or more of the LR-RNAs may be a functional mRNA.