gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of Metastasis-Associated Protein 1 in Prostate Cancer Progression (2004)

Distinguishing aggressive prostate cancer from indolent disease represents an important clinical challenge, as current therapy requires over treating men with prostate cancer to prevent the progression of a few cases. Expression of the metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) has previously been found to be associated with progression to the metastatic state in various cancers. Analyzing DNA microarray data, we found MTA1 to be selectively overexpressed in metastatic prostate cancer compared with clinically localized prostate cancer and benign prostate tissue. These results were validated by demonstrating overexpression of MTA1 in metastatic prostate cancer by immunoblot analysis. MTA1 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in a broad spectrum of prostate tumors with tissue microarrays containing 1940 tissue cores from 300 cases. Metastatic prostate cancer demonstrated significantly higher mean MTA1 protein expression intensity (score = 3.4/4) and percentage of tissue cores staining positive for MTA1 (83%) compared with clinically localized prostate cancer (score = 2.8/4, 63% positive cores) or benign prostate tissue (score = 1.5/4, 25% positive cores) with a mean difference of 0.54 and 1.84, respectively (P < 0.00001 for both). Paradoxically, for localized disease, higher MTA1 protein expression was associated with lower rates of prostate specific antigen recurrence after radical prostatectomy for localized disease. In summary, this study identified an association of MTA1 expression and prostate cancer progression.
Vibriocidal Antibody Inhibition (VAI) Analysis: A Technique for the Identification of the Predominant Vibriocidal Antibodies in Serum and for the Detection and Identification of Vibrio Cholerae Antigens (1962)

Summary The activity of vibriocidal antibody can be specifically inhibited by minute amounts of endotoxins from Vibrio cholerae. This observation has been applied in the development of a procedure called the Vibriocidal antibody inhibition test (VAIT) which can be adapted to serve as a sensitive assay for the detection, identification and quantification of V. cholerae antigens and, by Vibriocidal antibody inhibition (VAI) Analysis, for the identification of the predominant vibriocidal antibodies in human and rabbit sera. Acute phase sera from cholera patients were found to contain antigen-like inhibitory activity for the vibriocidal reaction. The significance of these findings is discussed.
CD4+ T-Lymphocyte Depletion in Human Lymphoid Tissue Ex Vivo Is Not Induced by Noninfectious Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Virions (1998)

We tested infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), noninfectious but conformationally authentic inactivated whole HIV-1 virions, and purified gp120 for the ability to induce depletion of CD4(+) T cells in human lymphoid tissues ex vivo. Infectious CXCR4-tropic HIV-1, but not matched inactivated virions or gp120, mediated CD4(+) T-cell depletion, consistent with mechanisms requiring productive infection.
Mucormycosis in a Patient With Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (1997)

Mucormycosis classically affects patients who are immunocompromised or debilitated, including those with diabetes, malignant neoplasm, renal failure, and neutropenia.<sup>1</sup>Despite the opportunistic nature of mucormycosis infection, there are few cases of cutaneous manifestations of the infection reported in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).<sup>2-5</sup>We describe a patient with AIDS, neutropenia, and iron overload who developed primary cutaneous mucormycosis. In addition, the patient had recently undergone intralesional chemotherapy and radiation treatments on his face for Kaposi sarcoma. <h3>Report of a Case.</h3> A 41-year-old white man with AIDS manifested by a CD4 cell count below 10×10<sup>9</sup>/L and a medical history that included disseminated Kaposi sarcoma, cytomegalovirus retinitis, recurrent herpes simplex infection, anemia, and adrenal insufficiency was admitted to the hospital with acute onset of right-sided facial pain and swelling. His facial Kaposi sarcoma had been treated previously with intralesional doxorubicin hydrochloride and radiation. On
Rapid diagnosis of respiratory viral infections by using a shell vial assay and monoclonal antibody pool (1992)

We compared the detection of seven respiratory viruses by using a commercially available monoclonal antibody pool in a 2-day shell vial assay with that by using standard cell culture with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-negative nasal secretions from hospitalized children. We found 179 respiratory virus isolates by either method in 675 specimens. Overall, the shell vial assay detected 147 of 179 (79%) of the positives after 2 days; cell culture detected 148 of 179 (80%) after a mean incubation period of 7.6 days (range, 1 to 14 days). The sensitivity of the shell vial assay was 78% for RSV, 94% for influenza B virus, 83% for adenovirus, and 80% for parainfluenza viruses. The sensitivity of the cell culture was 70% for RSV, 79% for influenza B virus, 90% for adenovirus, and 89% for parainfluenza viruses. The 2-day shell vial assay allowed the detection of respiratory viruses in a clinically relevant time frame and rapidly detected RSV in specimens lacking RSV antigen by ELISA.
Importance of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in potentially curable colorectal cancer liver metastases (2008)

These data suggest that neoadjuvant Oxaliplatin based chemotherapy provides high response rates without increased risk of perioperative morbidity. Response to chemotherapy can lead to long-term recurrence-free survival. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy may identify best candidates for a potentially curative treatment approach.
Steryl polyfluorobenzoate liquid crystals (1999)

Abstract Two series of steryl di- and tri-fluorobenzoate liquid crystals were synthesized and their phase transition behaviours studied by DSC and thermal polarizing microscopy. The results show that while para-fluorine substituents stabilize the mesogenicities, meta-fluorine substituents slightly depress the mesogenicities.
Depletion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae tRNA His Guanylyltransferase Thg1p Leads to Uncharged tRNA His with Additional m 5 C (2005)

The essential Saccharomyces cerevisiae tRNA(His) guanylyltransferase (Thg1p) is responsible for the unusual G(-1) addition to the 5' end of cytoplasmic tRNA(His). We report here that tRNA(His) from Thg1p-depleted cells is uncharged, although histidyl tRNA synthetase is active and the 3' end of the tRNA is intact, suggesting that G(-1) is a critical determinant for aminoacylation of tRNA(His) in vivo. Thg1p depletion leads to activation of the GCN4 pathway, most, but not all, of which is Gcn2p dependent, and to the accumulation of tRNA(His) in the nucleus. Surprisingly, tRNA(His) in Thg1p-depleted cells accumulates additional m(5)C modifications, which are delayed relative to the loss of G(-1) and aminoacylation. The additional modification is likely due to tRNA m(5)C methyltransferase Trm4p. We developed a new method to map m(5)C residues in RNA and localized the additional m(5)C to positions 48 and 50. This is the first documented example of the accumulation of additional modifications in a eukaryotic tRNA species.
Effects of thiol-modifying agents on KATP channels in guinea pig ventricular cells (1995)

ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels are thought only to open during conditions of metabolic impairment (e.g., myocardial ischemia). However, the regulation of KATP channel opening during ischemia remains poorly understood. We tested whether thiol (SH) group oxidation, which is known to occur during ischemia, may be involved in KATP channel regulation. Inside-out membrane patches were voltage clamped at a constant potential (O mV) in asymmetrical K+ solutions. The effects of compounds that specifically modify SH groups [p-chloromercuri-phenylsulfonic acid (pCMPS), 5-5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) [DTNB], and thimerosal] were tested. The membrane-impermeable compound, pCMPS (> or = 5 microM), caused a quick and irreversible inhibition of KATP channel activity. The reducing agent, dl-dithiothreitol (DTT) (3 mM) was able to reverse this inhibition. DTNB (500 microM) caused a rapid, but spontaneously reversible, block of KATP channel activity. After DTNB, no change was observed in single channel conductance. Oxidized glutathione (GSSG, 3 mM) did not block KATP channel activity. Thimerosal (100-500 microM) induced a DTT-reversible block of partially rundown KATP channels, or channels that underwent complete rundown; these channels were reactivated with trypsin (1 mg/ml). Thimerosal did not block KATP channels that had a high degree of activity. However, the ATP sensitivity was decreased; the concentration of ATP needed to half-maximally inhibit the channel (Ki) was increased from 47 +/- 12 to 221 +/- 35 microM (n = 6, P < 0.05). This was not due to a spontaneous change with time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
S-Nitrosylation of Drp1 Mediates β-Amyloid-Related Mitochondrial Fission and Neuronal Injury (2009)

Mitochondria continuously undergo two opposing processes, fission and fusion. The disruption of this dynamic equilibrium may herald cell injury or death and may contribute to developmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Nitric oxide functions as a signaling molecule, but in excess it mediates neuronal injury, in part via mitochondrial fission or fragmentation. However, the underlying mechanism for nitric oxide-induced pathological fission remains unclear. We found that nitric oxide produced in response to beta-amyloid protein, thought to be a key mediator of Alzheimer's disease, triggered mitochondrial fission, synaptic loss, and neuronal damage, in part via S-nitrosylation of dynamin-related protein 1 (forming SNO-Drp1). Preventing nitrosylation of Drp1 by cysteine mutation abrogated these neurotoxic events. SNO-Drp1 is increased in brains of human Alzheimer's disease patients and may thus contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration.
Successful treatment of actinic keratosis with imiquimod cream 5%: a report of six cases (2001)

This study suggests that imiquimod may be useful as a new therapy for the treatment of actinic keratoses.
Molecular cloning, sequence analysis, and functional expression of a novel growth regulator, oncostatin M. (1989)

Oncostatin M is a polypeptide of Mr approximately 28,000 that acts as a growth regulator for many cultured mammalian cells. We report the cDNA and genomic cloning, sequence analysis, and functional expression in heterologous cells of oncostatin M. cDNA clones were isolated from mRNA of U937 cells that had been induced to differentiate into macrophagelike cells by treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, and a genomic clone was also isolated from human brain DNA. Sequence analysis of these clones established the 1,814-base-pair cDNA sequence as well as exon boundaries. This sequence predicted that oncostatin M is synthesized as a 252-amino-acid polypeptide, with a 25-residue hydrophobic sequence resembling a signal peptide at the N terminus. The predicted oncostatin M amino acid sequence shared no homology with other known proteins, but the sequence of the 3' noncoding region of the cDNA contained an A + T-rich stretch with sequence motifs found in the 3' untranslated regions of many cytokine and lymphokine cDNAs. Oncostatin M mRNA of approximately 2 kilobase pairs was detected in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-treated U937 cells and in activated human T cells. Transfection of cDNA encoding the oncostatin M precursor into COS cells resulted in the secretion of proteins with the structural and functional properties of oncostatin M. The unique amino acid sequence, expression by lymphoid cells, and growth-regulatory activities of oncostatin M suggest that it is a novel cytokine.
Intranasal Mucosal Boosting with an Adenovirus-Vectored Vaccine Markedly Enhances the Protection of BCG-Primed Guinea Pigs against Pulmonary Tuberculosis (2009)

Boosting, particularly via the intranasal mucosal route, with AdAg85A vaccine is able to significantly enhance the long-term survival of BCG-primed guinea pigs following pulmonary M.tb challenge. Our results thus support further evaluation of this viral-vectored TB vaccine in clinical trials.
Further Biochemical Studies of the Human B-Cell Differentiation Antigens B1 and B2 (1983)

Two human B lymphocyte-associated antigens, B1 and B2, were studied by immunoprecipitation using monoclonal antibodies. B1 was found to be a nonglycosylated protein of MW 35 kD, phosphorylated at serine and threonine. B2, a 140 kD MW antigen, was characterized as a glycoprotein without phosphorylated sites. Both proteins were found to contain portions which could be labeled with 125I-iodonaphthylazide. The B1 protein displayed hydrophobic properties whereas B2 had a more amphiphilic character.
Rationale for local drug delivery. (1996)

Although advances during the last decade have transformed the management of coronary artery disease, deficiencies in our understanding of the basic processes of arterial thrombosis and restenosis after percutaneous intervention continue to present major challenges to their prevention. While coronary stenting has in selected cases provided the first effective approach to the problem of restenosis, new devices such as atherectomy have largely proven ineffective in this field. Similarly, despite evidence that many pharmacological agents reduce neointimal hyperplasia in experimental models, in clinical trials these agents have failed to attenuate the restenotic process. This may reflect patients' inability to tolerate the high systemic drug concentrations required to achieve adequate levels for sufficient time at the target site, necessitating a shift in the focus of therapeutic agents for the prevention of thrombosis and restenosis to local or site-specific delivery. The major advantage that local drug delivery may potentially provide is the ability to achieve high and sustained local concentrations of drug without large systemic doses, thus minimizing systemic toxicity.
Enhancement of the Enzymatic Digestibility of Waste Newspaper Using Tween (2007)

Methods of increasing the enzymatic digestibility of waste newspaper by adding Tween (TW)-20 and 80 surfactants were investigated. Tween-series surfactants were selected because these surfactants increase cellulase activity during enzymatic hydrolysis and do not inhibit cell growth in downstream fermentation processes. When surfactant was used in a pretreatment, a benefic effect was expected in the enzymatic hydrolysis stage owing to surfactant carry-over from the pretreatment stage immediately upstream of the hydrolysis. However, because it was necessary to wash the pretreated substrate with water to remove inhibitors produced during pretreatment, no added benefit was obtained. When surfactant was used in the pretreatment only, it was found that it had a marked effect on digestibility and that this effect was higher at lower enzyme loadings. Also, TW-80 was found to be more effective than TW-20, and the addition of enzyme and TW-80 to substrate at the beginning of enzyme reaction was found to most effectively increase digestibility. When TW-80 was added into either the pretreatment stage or the hydrolysis stage the digestibilities of untreated sample increased by approx 40%, whereas an increase of only 45% was observed when TW-80 was added to both stages. These results show that the addition of surfactant to either the pretreatment or the enzymatic hydrolysis stage is sufficient to increase digestibility.
Rational Structure-Based Drug Design and Optimization in the Ligand-Binding Domain of the Glucocorticoid Receptor-α (2009)

By the end of 2008, there had been limited achievements utilizing docking studies and no published successes in the area of virtual high-throughput screening. However, the availability of novel crystal structures and the use of induced-fit docking protocols are improving docking success rates and promising to aid the future delivery of nonsteroidal ligands.
Aberrant “Default Mode” Functional Connectivity in Schizophrenia (2007)

Schizophrenia is associated with altered temporal frequency and spatial location of the default mode network. The authors hypothesized that this network may be under- or overmodulated by key regions, including the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex. In addition, the altered temporal fluctuations in patients may result from a change in the connectivity of these regions with other brain networks.
Manipulability, force, and compliance analysis for planar continuum manipulators (2002)

Continuum manipulators, inspired by the natural capabilities of elephant trunks and octopus tentacles, may find niche applications in areas like human-robot interaction, multiarm manipulation, and unknown environment exploration. However, their true capabilities will remain largely inaccessible without proper analytical tools to evaluate their unique properties. Ellipsoids have long served as one of the foremost analytical tools available to the robotics researcher, and the purpose of this paper is to first formulate, and then to examine, three types of ellipsoids for continuum robots: manipulability, force, and compliance.
Mutations in the Δ7-sterol reductase gene in patients with the Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome (1998)

The Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is an inborn disorder of sterol metabolism with characteristic congenital malformations and dysmorphias. All patients suffer from mental retardation. Here we identify the SLOS gene as a Delta7-sterol reductase (DHCR7, EC 1.3.1. 21) required for the de novo biosynthesis of cholesterol. The human and murine genes were characterized and assigned to syntenic regions on chromosomes 11q13 and 7F5 by fluorescense in situ hybridization. Among the mutations found in patients with the SLOS, are missense (P51S, T93M, L99P, L157P, A247V, V326L, R352W, C380S, R404C, and G410S), nonsense (W151X), and splice site (IVS8-1G>C) mutations as well as an out of frame deletion (720-735 del). The missense mutations L99P, V326L, R352W, R404C, and G410S reduced heterologous protein expression by >90%. Our results strongly suggest that defects in the DHCR7 gene cause the SLOS.
A Novel synthesis of 6‐hydroxyalkyl‐and 6‐hydroxy‐aralkyl‐6H‐dibenz[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphorin 6‐Oxides (1990)

Abstract A new strategy for the synthesis of 6‐hydroxyalkyl‐ and 6‐hydroxyaralkyl‐6 H ‐dibenz[ c,e ][1,2]oxaphosphorin 6‐oxides 3 was achieved by the reaction of 2‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)phenylphosphonic acid ( 1 ) with various carbonyl compounds 2 . The desired products 3 were obtained in acceptable yields.
Pilot Study of Low-Dose Interleukin-11 in Patients With Bone Marrow Failure (2001)

Our pilot study suggests that administration of low-dose IL-11 (10 microg/kg/d) can raise platelet counts without significant toxicity in selected thrombocytopenic patients with bone marrow failure.
Rover Mosaic : e-mail communication for a full-function Web browser (1995)

The increasing availability and power of mobile computing devices are creating a demand for network applications which can accommodate slow or intermittently available network connections. A prototype system for browsing the World Wide Web on such a network was implemented, using caching, prefetching, and queued communications to hide communication latencies. Electronic mail was used as the underlying transport mechanism because of its ubiquitousness and fundamentally queued operation. A modified user interface based on NCSA Mosaic was designed to accommodate queued communications. The experimental system was found to be well-suited to the task, as well as to have significant advantages in the areas of reliability and user interface functionality. Thesis Supervisor: David K. Gifford Title: Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Contents 1 Introduction 5 1.1 The Rover project : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 6 1.2 Other related work : : : : : : ...
Tamsulosin, the first prostate-selective alpha 1A-adrenoceptor antagonist. Analysis of a multinational, multicentre, open-label study assessing the long-term efficacy and safety in patients with benign prostatic obstruction (symptomatic BPH). European Tamsulosin Study Group. (1996)

Long-term tamsulosin therapy is safe, well tolerated and improvements in urinary flow and symptoms are maintained for at least 60 weeks of treatment.
cDNA Cloning and Sequencing Reveal the Major Horse Allergen Equ c1 to Be a Glycoprotein Member of the Lipocalin Superfamily (1996)

The gene encoding the major horse allergen, designated Equus caballus allergen 1 (Equ c1), was cloned from total cDNA of sublingual salivary glands by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using synthetic degenerate oligonucleotides deduced from N-terminal and internal peptide sequences of the glycosylated hair dandruff protein. A recombinant form of the protein, with a polyhistidine tail, was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. The recombinant protein is able to induce a passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction in rat, and it behaves similarly to the native Equ c1 in several immunological tests with allergic patients' IgE antibodies, mouse monoclonal antibodies, or rabbit polyclonal IgG antibodies. Amino acid sequence identity of 49-51% with rodent urinary proteins from mice and rats suggests that Equ c1 is a new member of the lipocalin superfamily of hydrophobic ligand-binding proteins that includes several other major allergens. An RNA blot analysis demonstrates the expression of mRNA Equ c1 in liver and in sublingual and submaxillary salivary glands.
A novel mutation in the ATP1A2 gene causes alternating hemiplegia of childhood (2004)

Alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC, MIM 104290) is a rare syndrome, characterised by early onset of episodic hemi- or quadriplegia lasting minutes to days. The majority of patients are sporadic. Only a few familial cases are reported in the literature.&#13;\nHere we describe a new familial case from a Greek island with four affected members in two generations, the mother and three out of four children. All patients share a normal karyotype. Due to the partial clinical overlap of familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) with AHC, we screened the ATP1A2 gene coding for the α2 subunit of the Na,K pump, associated with FHM type 2.&#13;\nWe found a novel heterozygous mutation segregating with the disease and causing a threonine to asparagine replacement (T378N). This missense mutation localises to the ATPases phosphorylation site of the hydrolase domain. The affected residue is highly conserved in all the known α subunits of the Na,K and Na,H pumps from vertebrates to invertebrates. Functional data suggest that loss of function of the mutated ATP1A2 isoform is involved in generating the disease phenotype. This is the first mutation associated with AHC identified so far.
Three Epitopes on the Human Rh Antigen D Recognized by125 I-Labelled Human Monoclonal IgG Antibodies (1988)

Seven purified monoclonal antibodies specific for the D antigen of the human Rh blood group system were examined for the characteristics of their reactions with red cells (phenotype CcDEe). The average number of sites available for binding to the antibodies ranged from 8,900 to 26,000/cell. In mutual inhibition studies, all the antibodies inhibited each other but the extent of inhibition varied in that antibodies recognizing a lower number of sites only partially inhibited those recognizing a higher number of sites. It was concluded from the evidence that these six monoclonals recognize at least three different epitopes on the D polypeptide. In order to explain the variation in the number of epitopes on each polypeptide, it is suggested that there is heterogeneity in the placement of the molecule in the red cell membrane resulting in variation in access to the epitopes.