gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-trial EEG-based emotion recognition using kernel Eigen-emotion pattern and adaptive support vector machine (2013)

Single-trial electroencephalography (EEG)-based emotion recognition enables us to perform fast and direct assessments of human emotional states. However, previous works suggest that a great improvement on the classification accuracy of valence and arousal levels is still needed. To address this, we propose a novel emotional EEG feature extraction method: kernel Eigen-emotion pattern (KEEP). An adaptive SVM is also proposed to deal with the problem of learning from imbalanced emotional EEG data sets. In this study, a set of pictures from IAPS are used for emotion induction. Results based on seven participants show that KEEP gives much better classification results than the widely-used EEG frequency band power features. Also, the adaptive SVM greatly improves classification performance of commonly-adopted SVM classifier. Combined use of KEEP and adaptive SVM can achieve high average valence and arousal classification rates of 73.42% and 73.57%. The highest classification rates for valence and arousal are 80% and 79%, respectively. The results are very promising.
Determination of trypsin inhibitor activity of soy products: a collaborative analysis of an improved procedure (1974)

A more accurate and reproducible procedure is described for measurement of trypsin inhibitor activity of soybean products [e.g. soy flours, protein isolates and protein concentrates] than the method developed by Kakade [FSTA (1970) 2 4J369] for measuring antitryptic activity in raw soybeans. Because the modified procedure is particularly suitable in determining trypsin inhibitor activity of heat-processed samples, it is recommended for use in evaluating the heat destruction of trypsin inhibitors in soybean samples.
Outcomes of a 12-Month Technology-Based Intervention to Promote Weight Loss in Adolescents at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes (2013)

Although not sufficient to produce weight loss, the combination of web intervention and group sessions with telephone follow-up yielded improvements in sedentary behavior and in the use of behavior change strategies expected to lead to behavior change.
Mechanisms of Nrf2/Keap1-Dependent Phase II Cytoprotective and Detoxifying Gene Expression and Potential Cellular Targets of Chemopreventive Isothiocyanates (2013)

Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are abundantly found in cruciferous vegetables. Epidemiological studies suggest that chronic consumption of cruciferous vegetables can lower the overall risk of cancer. Natural ITCs are key chemopreventive ingredients of cruciferous vegetables, and one of the prime chemopreventive mechanisms of natural isothiocyanates is the induction of Nrf2/ARE-dependent gene expression that plays a critical role in cellular defense against electrophiles and reactive oxygen species. In the present review, we first discuss the underlying mechanisms how natural ITCs affect the intracellular signaling kinase cascades to regulate the Keap1/Nrf2 activities, thereby inducing phase II cytoprotective and detoxifying enzymes. We also discuss the potential cellular protein targets to which natural ITCs are directly conjugated and how these events aid in the chemopreventive effects of natural ITCs. Finally, we discuss the posttranslational modifications of Keap1 and nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of Nrf2 in response to electrophiles and oxidants.
SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SOME NEW 8-HYDROXYQUINOLINE SULPHONAMIDE DERIVATIVES (1988)

Abstract Some new derivatives containing both 8-hydroxyquinoline and sulphonylamino β-lactams and thiazolidinones have been prepared. These compounds were synthesized from the corresponding 8-hydroxyquinoline sulphonylhydrazide (1) by converting it to hydrazones (2). The latter hydrazones (2) were easily transformed to β-lactams (3) and thiazolidinones (4) by cyclocondensation reaction with chloroacetyl chloride and/or mercaptoacetic acid. Some metal chelates with Fe3+. Co2++, Ni2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ have been prepared for some of the compounds and screened in vitro for their biological activity.
Carbon and Amino Acids Reciprocally Modulate the Expression of Glutamine Synthetase in Arabidopsis (1999)

In bacteria and yeast, glutamine synthetase (GS) expression is tightly regulated by the metabolic status of the cell, both at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. We discuss the relative contributions of light and metabolic cues on the regulation of members of the GS gene family (chloroplastic GS2 and cytosolic GS1) in Arabidopsis. These studies reveal that the dramatic induction of mRNA for chloroplastic GS2 by light is mediated in part by phytochrome and in part by light-induced changes in sucrose (Suc) levels. In contrast, the modest induction of mRNA for cytosolic GS1 by light is primarily mediated by changes in the levels of carbon metabolites. Suc induction of mRNA for GS2 and GS1 occurs in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Suc-induced changes in GS mRNA levels were also observed at the level of GS enzyme activity. In contrast, amino acids were shown to antagonize the Suc induction of GS, both at the level of mRNA accumulation and that of enzyme activity. For GS2, the gene whose expression was the most dramatically regulated by metabolites, we used a GS2 promoter-beta-glucuronidase fusion to demonstrate that transcriptional control is involved in this metabolic regulation. Our results suggest that the metabolic regulation of GS expression in plants is controlled by the relative abundance of carbon skeletons versus amino acids. This would allow nitrogen assimilation into glutamine to proceed (or not) according to the metabolic status and biosynthetic needs of the plant. This type of GS gene regulation is reminiscent of the nitrogen regulatory system in bacteria, and suggests an evolutionary link between metabolic sensing and signaling in bacteria and plants.
Er 3+ -doped single-polarisation optical fibres (1990)

Er3+-doped single-polarisation optical fibres have been designed and fabricated, for the first time. The fabricated single-polarisation optical fibres transmitted only the x-polarisation mode in the wavelength region around 1.535 μm. The pump power wavelength was 1.48 μm and the pump power was about 29 mW. The x-polarisation mode has been amplified with a net gain of 14 dB for a fibre length of 27 m.
A phagocytic cell line markedly improves survival of infected neutropenic mice (2005)

Disseminated candidiasis is a frequent infection in neutropenic patients, in whom it causes 50% mortality, despite antifungal therapy. As the duration of neutropenia is the strongest predictor of survival in neutropenic patients with invasive fungal infections, neutrophil transfusions are a logical, therapeutic option. However, significant technical barriers have prevented the clinical use of neutrophil transfusions. To overcome these barriers, we identified a human phagocytic cell line that could be administered to candidemic hosts in lieu of freshly harvested neutrophils. HL-60 cells killed Candida albicans in vitro. Activation of HL-60 cells with dimethyl sulfoxide and retinoic acid abrogated the cells' proliferation and augmented their killing of C. albicans. Administration of activated HL-60 cells to candidemic, neutropenic mice significantly improved survival (53% vs. 0%). Live HL-60 cells chemotaxed to sites of infection, phagocytized C. albicans, and reduced the fungal burden in key target organs. Although unactivated HL-60 cells also reduced tissue fungal burden in vivo, they did not improve survival as a result of their toxicity in infected mice. In contrast, no toxicity as a result of activated HL-60 cells was observed at up to 2 months of follow-up. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a cell line-based immunotherapy for an infectious disease. With further refinements, activated HL-60 cells have the potential to overcome the technical barriers to neutrophil transfusions.
Enhancement of the function of rat serotonin and norepinephrine neurons by sustained vagus nerve stimulation. (2009)

Vagus nerve stimulation initially increases the firing activity and pattern of NE neurons and subsequently those of 5-HT neurons, presumably as a cascade effect via alpha(1)-postsynaptic adrenoceptors. To date, VNS appears to be a unique antidepressant treatment increasing 5-HT transmission and enhancing the firing activity of NE neurons. These effects could contribute to the effectiveness of VNS in treatment-resistant depression.
Cyclophosphamide/granulocyte colony-stimulating factor causes selective mobilization of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells into the blood after M phase of the cell cycle (2001)

Cytokine-mobilized peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells (MPB HSC) are widely used for transplantation in the treatment of malignancies, but the mechanism of HSC mobilization is unclear. Although many HSC in bone marrow (BM) cycle rapidly and expand their numbers in response to cytoreductive agents, such as cyclophosphamide (CY), and cytokines, such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), MPB HSC are almost all in the G(0) or G(1) phase of the cell cycle. This has raised the question of whether a subset of noncycling BM HSC is selectively released, or whether cycling BM HSC are mobilized after M phase, but before the next S phase of the cell cycle. To distinguish between these possibilities, mice were treated with one dose of CY followed by daily doses of G-CSF, and dividing cells were marked by administration of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) during the interval that BM HSC are expanding. After CY and 4 days of G-CSF, 98.5% of the 2n DNA content long-term repopulating MPB (LT)-HSC stained positively for BrdU, and therefore derived from cells that divided during the treatment interval. Next, LT-HSC from mice previously treated with a single dose of CY, which kills cycling cells, and 3 daily doses of G-CSF, were nearly all killed by a second dose of CY, suggesting that CY/G-CSF causes virtually all LT-HSC to cycle. Analysis of cyclin D2 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and total RNA content of MPB HSC suggests that these cells are mostly in G(1) phase. After CY/G-CSF treatment, virtually all BM LT-HSC enter the cell cycle; some of these HSC then migrate into the blood, specifically after M phase, and are rapidly recruited to particular hematopoietic organs.
rAAV8-733-Mediated Gene Transfer of CHIP/Stub-1 Prevents Hippocampal Neuronal Death in Experimental Brain Ischemia (2017)

Brain ischemia is a major cause of adult disability and death, and it represents a worldwide health problem with significant economic burden for modern society. The identification of the molecular pathways activated after brain ischemia, together with efficient technologies of gene delivery to the CNS, may lead to novel treatments based on gene therapy. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) is an effective platform for gene transfer to the CNS. Here, we used a serotype 8 rAAV bearing the Y733F mutation (rAAV8-733) to overexpress co-chaperone E3 ligase CHIP (also known as Stub-1) in rat hippocampal neurons, both in an oxygen and glucose deprivation model in vitro and in a four-vessel occlusion model of ischemia in vivo. We show that CHIP overexpression prevented neuronal degeneration in both cases and led to a decrease of both eIF2α (serine 51) and AKT (serine 473) phosphorylation, as well as reduced amounts of ubiquitinated proteins following hypoxia or ischemia. These data add to current knowledge of ischemia-related signaling in the brain and suggest that gene therapy based on the role of CHIP in proteostasis may provide a new venue for brain ischemia treatment.
Weed Control from Herbicide Combinations with Glyphosate1 (2002)

Greenhouse studies were initiated to evaluate glyphosate alone and tank-mixed with acifluorfen, CGA 277476, chlorimuron, cloransulam-methyl, fomesafen, imazaquin, or pyrithiobac on seedling johnsongrass, broadleaf signalgrass, pitted morningglory, and hemp sesbania. Johnsongrass and broadleaf signalgrass control by glyphosate was not affected by the selective herbicides applied in mixtures. Pitted morningglory control by glyphosate ranged from 0% with 280 g ai/ha to 67% with 840 g/ha. There was an additive effect when selective herbicides were added to 280 g/ha glyphosate 2 wk after treatment (WAT). When acifluorfen was added to 560 g/ha glyphosate, pitted morningglory control 2 WAT increased to 100% compared with 55% with glyphosate alone. Similarly, the addition of fomesafen or acifluorfen to 840 g/ha glyphosate controlled pitted morningglory 2 WAT by 90 and 98%, respectively, compared with 67% with glyphosate alone. Only tank mixtures of acifluorfen, CGA 277476, or fomesafen, and 840 g/ha glyphosate reduced fresh weight compared with glyphosate alone 4 WAT. Acifluorfen, CGA 277476, and fomesafen controlled pitted morningglory by 85 to 100% when added to 1,120 g/ha glyphosate. Both acifluorfen and fomesafen effectively controlled hemp sesbania without the addition of glyphosate 2 WAT. Chlorimuron and pyrithiobac added to 1,120 g/ha glyphosate increased hemp sesbania control to 88 and 99%, respectively, compared with 45% with glyphosate alone 2 WAT. CGA 277476, cloransulam-methyl, imazaquin, and pyrithiobac were antagonistic to hemp sesbania fresh weight reduction when compared with the expected response, but fresh weights were still reduced more than with the same rate of glyphosate alone.Nomenclature: Acifluorfen; CGA-277476, 2-[[[[(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]-3-oxetanyl ester; chlorimuron; cloransulam-methyl; fomesafen; glyphosate; imazaquin; pyrithiobac; broadleaf signalgrass, Brachiaria platyphylla (Griseb.) Nash. #3 ECHCG; hemp sesbania, Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Rydb. ex. A. W. Hill # SEBEX; johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. # SORHA; pitted morningglory, Ipomoea lacunosa L. # IPOLA.Additional index words: Additive effects, herbicide antagonism, tank mixtures.Abbreviations: ALS, acetolactate synthase; WAT, weeks after treatment.
Interleukin-2 in Scleroderma: Correlation of Serum Level with Extent of Skin Involvement and Disease Duration (1989)

The presence of interleukin-2 in scleroderma sera strongly supports a role for T-cell activation in scleroderma. The association between serum levels and disease progression indicates that this T-cell process may participate in the progression of the disease.
Identification of Novel MicroRNA-Like Molecules Generated from Herpesvirus and Host tRNA Transcripts (2010)

We applied deep sequencing technology to small RNA fractions from cells lytically infected with murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (gammaHV68) in order to define in detail small RNAs generated from a cluster of tRNA-related polycistronic structures located at the left end of the viral genome. We detected 10 new candidate microRNAs (miRNAs), six of which were confirmed by Northern blot analysis, leaving four as provisional. In addition, we determined that previously identified and annotated viral miRNA molecules were not necessarily represented as the most abundant sequence originating from a transcript. Based on these new small RNAs and previously reported gammaHV68 miRNAs, we were able to further describe and annotate the distinctive gammaHV68 tRNA-miRNA structures. We used this deep sequencing data and computational analysis to identify similar structures in the mouse genome and validated that these host structures also give rise to small RNAs. This reveals a possible convergent usage of tRNA/polymerase III (pol III) transcripts to generate small RNAs from both mammalian and viral genomes.
A reconfigurable architecture for load-balanced rendering (2005)

Commodity graphics hardware has become increasingly programmable over the last few years but has been limited to fixed resource allocation. These architectures handle some workloads well, others poorly; load-balancing to maximize graphics hardware performance has become a critical issue. In this paper, we explore one solution to this problem using compile-time resource allocation. For our experiments, we implement a graphics pipeline on Raw, a tile-based multicore processor. We express both the full graphics pipeline and the shaders using StreamIt, a high-level language based on the stream programming model. The programmer specifies the number of tiles per pipeline stage, and the StreamIt compiler maps the computation to the Raw architecture.We evaluate our reconfigurable architecture using a mix of common rendering tasks with different workloads and improve throughput by 55-157% over a static allocation. Although our early prototype cannot compete in performance against commercial state-of-the-art graphics processors, we believe that this paper describes an important first step in addressing the load-balancing challenge.
Enzymology and biology of CaaX protein prenylation. (1999)

Protein prenylation refers to a type of lipid modification in which either a 15-carbon farnesyl or 20-carbon geranylgeranyl isoprenoid is linked via a thioether bond to specific cysteine residues of proteins. The majority of prenylated proteins belong to a group termed "CaaX proteins" that are defined by a specific C-terminal motif that directs their modification by this process. The ménage of CaaX-type prenylated proteins encompasses a wide variety of molecules that are found primarily at the cytoplasmic face of cellular membranes. These include nuclear lamins, Ras and a multitude of GTP-binding proteins (G proteins), several protein kinases and phosphatases, as well as other important proteins. A tremendous number of cellular signaling processes and regulatory events are under the control of CaaX prenyl proteins. While the attached isoprenoid lipids, in general, support the membrane association of the modified proteins, some proteins also clearly participate directly in protein-protein interactions. This chapter will emphasize 1) the biochemistry of the two enzymes termed farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase type I, responsible for CaaX protein prenylation, and 2) biological roles for these modifications. Throughout, we will attempt to highlight the significance of prenylation in specific cellular events. The critical importance of this class of lipid modifications is attested to by the emergence of farnesyltransferase as a target for the development of anti-cancer therapeutics.
Transformation-specific tyrosine phosphorylation of a novel cellular protein in chicken cells expressing oncogenic variants of the avian cellular src gene. (1989)

We used myristylated and nonmyristylated c-src-based variants and phosphotyrosine-specific antibodies to reevaluate the role of tyrosine phosphorylation in cellular transformation by pp60src. Prior methods used to detect tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins failed to discriminate predicted differences in tyrosine phosphorylation which are clearly observed with phosphotyrosine-specific antibodies and Western blotting (immunoblotting). Here we report the observation of a 120,000-Mr protein whose phosphorylation on tyrosine correlates with the induction of morphological transformation. p120 was not observed in cells overexpressing the regulated, nononcogenic pp60c-src, whereas phosphorylation of p120 was greatly enhanced in cells expressing activated, oncogenic pp60527F. Furthermore, phosphorylation of p120 was not induced by expression of the activated but nonmyristylated src variant pp602A/527F, which is transformation defective. p120 partitioned preferentially with cellular membranes, consistent with the observation that transforming src proteins are membrane associated. Although a number of additional putative substrates were identified and partially characterized with respect to intracellular localization, tyrosine phosphorylation of these proteins was not tightly linked to transformation.
A Patient-centric, Attribute-based, Source-verifiable Framework for Health Record Sharing (2009)

The storage of health records in electronic format, and the&#13;\nwide-spread sharing of these records among different health&#13;\ncare providers, have enormous potential benefits to the U.S.&#13;\nhealthcare system. These benefits include both improving&#13;\nthe quality of health care delivered to patients and reducing&#13;\nthe costs of delivering that care. However, maintaining the&#13;\nsecurity of electronic health record systems and the privacy&#13;\nof the information they contain is paramount to ensure that&#13;\npatients have confidence in the use of such systems. In this&#13;\npaper, we propose a framework for electronic health record&#13;\nsharing that is patient centric, i.e. it provides patients with&#13;\nsubstantial control over how their information is shared and&#13;\nwith whom; provides for verifiability of original sources of&#13;\nhealth information and the integrity of the data; and permits fine-grained decisions about when data can be shared&#13;\nbased on the use of attribute-based techniques for authorization and access control. We present the architecture of the&#13;\nframework, describe a prototype system we have built based&#13;\non it, and demonstrate its use within a scenario involving&#13;\nemergency responders' access to health record information.
Glucocorticoid treatment in rheumatoid arthritis (2014)

Several limitations of the studies are discussed. Often the advantage of GC treatment was not clinically important. Long-term data are needed to evaluate the real benefit of GC treatment in relation to its toxicity. Knowing the potential toxicity 'bridging' GC treatment should be reserved for patients at high risk of damage progression; a reliable method to identify these patients is needed. The toxicity of low-dose GC treatment is often played down. The reporting is incomplete. The increased mortality ratio with GC treatment is rarely mentioned. High cumulative doses are a risk factor. A more comprehensive set of toxicity items is urgently needed. Problems of GC treatment are the 'drug addiction' of the patient and the difficulty to reduce or withdraw prednisone.
Virus-specific CD8+ T cells accumulate near sensory nerve endings in genital skin during subclinical HSV-2 reactivation (2007)

Cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells play a critical role in controlling herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection and reactivation. However, little is known about the spatiotemporal dynamics of CD8(+) T cells during HSV lesion evolution or about their involvement in immune surveillance after lesion resolution. Using quantum dot-conjugated peptide-major histocompatibility complex multimers, we investigated the in vivo localization of HSV-2-specific CD8(+) T cells in sequential biopsies of human genital skin during acute, resolving, and healed stages of HSV-2 reactivation. Our studies revealed that functionally active CD8(+) T cells selectively infiltrated to the site of viral reactivation. After lesion healing in concert with complete reepithelialization and loss of HSV DNA from skin biopsies, HSV-2-specific CD8(+) T cells persisted for more than two months at the dermal-epidermal junction, adjacent to peripheral nerve endings. In two out of the six sequentially studied individuals, HSV-2 DNA reappeared in clinically and histologically normal-appearing skin. Detection of viral DNA was accompanied by increased numbers of both HSV-specific and total CD8(+) T cells in the dermis. These findings indicate that the frequency and clinical course of HSV-2 reactivation in humans is influenced by virus-specific CD8(+) T cells that persist in peripheral mucosa and genital skin after resolution of herpes lesions.
Alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase polymorphisms and the risk for alcoholism (1995)

The risk for alcoholism in Japanese has been accurately estimated on the basis of the genotype frequencies of ADH2 and ALDH2. Many Japanese may be protected from alcoholism by inactive ALDH2 and by higher frequencies of atypical ADH2.