gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inducible IκB Kinase/IκB Kinase ε Expression Is Induced by CK2 and Promotes Aberrant Nuclear Factor-κB Activation in Breast Cancer Cells (2005)

Aberrant activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) transcription factors has been implicated in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. We previously showed elevated activity of IkappaB kinase alpha (IKKalpha), IKKbeta, and protein kinase CK2 in primary human breast cancer specimens and cultured cells. A novel inducible IKK protein termed IKK-i/IKKepsilon has been characterized as a potential NF-kappaB activator. Here, we provide evidence that implicates IKK-i/IKKepsilon in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. We show IKK-i/IKKepsilon expression in primary human breast cancer specimens and carcinogen-induced mouse mammary tumors. Multiple breast cancer cell lines showed higher levels of IKK-i/IKKepsilon and kinase activity compared with untransformed MCF-10F breast epithelial cells. Interestingly, IKK-i/IKKepsilon expression correlated with CK2alpha expression in mammary glands and breast tumors derived from MMTV-CK2alpha transgenic mice. Ectopic CK2 expression in untransformed cells led to increased IKK-i/IKKepsilon mRNA and protein levels. Inhibition of CK2alpha via the pharmacologic inhibitor apigenin or upon transfection of a CK2 kinase-inactive subunit reduced IKK-i/IKKepsilon levels. Expression of a kinase-inactive IKK-i/IKKepsilon mutant in breast cancer cells reduced NF-kappaB activity as judged by transfection assays of reporters driven either by NF-kappaB elements or the promoters of two NF-kappaB target genes, cyclin D1 and relB. Importantly, the kinase-inactive IKK-i/IKKepsilon mutant reduced the endogenous levels of these genes as well as the ability of breast cancer cells to grow in soft agar or form invasive colonies in Matrigel. Thus, CK2 induces functional IKK-i/IKKepsilon, which is an important mediator of the activation of NF-kappaB that plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
Effect of serotonin in migraine patients (1960)

EFFECT OF SEROTONIN IN MIGRAINE PATIENTS Robert W. Kimball, Arnold P. Friedman, and Edward Vallejo Neurology 1960;10:107–111 Little is known of the factors that predispose to migraine or the biochemical events that initiate the disturbances characteristic of this condition. Earlier studies by Marcussen and Wolff have shown that an initial phase of vasoconstriction is responsible for the prodromal symptoms, while the pain follows a marked distention of cranial vessels that are temporarily hypotonic. They also have presented certain evidence which presumably indicates that a pain threshold-lowering substance renders the distention of the large arteries painful. However, alteration in tone, lumen, and pain threshold of the arteries alone cannot explain the complex symptomatology of the migraine attack.
Studies on the specificity of the cholesterol-binding pancreatic proteinase and identification as human pancreatic elastase 1 (1985)

The proteolytic attack of the cholesterol-binding pancreatic proteinase (CBPP) on the oxidized insulin A and B chains as well as on glucagon was investigated by kinetic studies. The reaction products were isolated by high-pressure liquid chromatography and identified by amino acid analysis. The combined results reveal a pronounced selectivity of CBPP for the peptide bonds at the carboxy ends of Ala, Val, Leu, Ser, His and Thr residues with Ala, Val and Leu most favoured, indicating a close catalytic relationship to porcine pancreatic elastase [Narayanan, A. S. & Anwar, R. A. (1969) Biochem. J. 114, 11-17] and the anionic porcine pancreatic protease E [Kobayashi R., Kobayashi, Y. & Hirs, C. H. W. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 2460-2465] which resembles human pancreatic elastase 1. The immunological comparison indeed disclosed the identity of CBPP with human pancreatic elastase 1.
Amino Acid Analysis by Capillary Electrophoresis Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2000)

A method for the determination of underivatized amino acids based on capillary electrophoresis coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS) is described. To analyze free amino acids simultaneously a low acidic pH condition was used to confer positive charge on whole amino acids. The choice of the electrolyte and its concentration influenced resolution and peak shape of the amino acids, and 1 M formic acid was selected as the optimal electrolyte. Meanwhile, the sheath liquid composition had a significant effect on sensitivity and the highest sensitivity was obtained when 5 mM ammonium acetate in 50% (v/v) methanol-water was used. Protonated amino acids were roughly separated by CE and selectively detected by a quadrupole mass spectrometer with a sheath flow electrospray ionization interface. Under the optimized conditions, 19 free amino acids normally found in proteins and several physiological amino acids were well determined in less than 17 min. The detection limits for basic amino acids were between 0.3 and 1.1 mumol/L and for acidic and low molecular weight amino acids were less than 6.0 mumol/L with pressure injection of 50 mbar for 3 s (3 nL) at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. This method is simple, rapid, and selective compared with conventional techniques and could be readily applied to the analysis of free amino acids in soy sauce.
Exercise enhances the proliferation of neural stem cells and neurite growth and survival of neuronal progenitor cells in dentate gyrus of middle-aged mice (2008)

Aging is an important determinant of adult hippocampal neurogenesis as the proliferation of neural stem/precursor cells (NSCs) declines dramatically before middle age. Contrary to this, physical exercise is known to promote adult hippocampal neurogenesis. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of mandatory treadmill running (TR) on neurogenesis, including 1) NSCs proliferation, 2) neurite outgrowth of neuronal progenitor cells, and 3) the survival of newborn neurons in dentate area of middle-aged animals. Compared with 3-mo-old mice, numbers of mitotic cells and neuronal progenitor cells decreased dramatically by middle age and remained at low levels after middle age. Five weeks of TR not only increased NSC proliferation and the number of immature neurons but also promoted the maturation and survival of immature neurons in middle-aged mice. The neurogenic and neurotrophic effects of TR were not due to the reduction of the age-related elevation of serum corticosterone. Significantly, 5 wk of TR restored the age-dependent decline of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor, TrkB, which are known to promote neuronal differentiation and survival. Taken together, mandatory running exercise alters the brain chemistries of middle-aged animals toward an environment that is favorable to NSC proliferation, survival, and maturation.
Gabapentin for Neuropathic Cancer Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial From the Gabapentin Cancer Pain Study Group (2004)

Gabapentin is effective in improving analgesia in patients with neuropathic cancer pain already treated with opioids.
A Versatile Synthetic Extracellular Matrix Mimic via Thiol‐Norbornene Photopolymerization (2009)

Step-growth, radically mediated thiol-norbornene photopolymerization is used to create versatile, stimuli-responsive poly(ethylene glycol)-co-peptide hydrogels The reaction is cytocompatible and allows for the encapsulation of human mesenchymal stem cells with a viability greater than 95%. Cellular spreading is dictated via three-dimensional biochemical photopatterning.
Poder municipal, poder concejil: formas y sistemas de dominio en la provincia de León durante el Antiguo Régimen (1997)

Actas de la IV Reunión Científica de la Asociación Española de Historia Moderna, Alicante, 27-30 de mayo de 1996
Regional hydrodynamic gene delivery to the rat liver with physiological volumes of DNA solution (2004)

Regional hydrodynamic gene delivery via a branch of the portal vein offers a physiological model of liver gene therapy, for experimental and clinical application.
Designer Self-Assembling Peptide Nanofiber Scaffolds for Adult Mouse Neural Stem Cell 3-Dimensional Cultures (2006)

Biomedical researchers have become increasingly aware of the limitations of conventional 2-dimensional tissue cell culture systems, including coated Petri dishes, multi-well plates and slides, to fully address many critical issues in cell biology, cancer biology and neurobiology, such as the 3-D microenvironment, 3-D gradient diffusion, 3-D cell migration and 3-D cell-cell contact interactions. In order to fully understand how cells behave in the 3-D body, it is important to develop a well-controlled 3-D cell culture system where every single ingredient is known. Here we report the development of a 3-D cell culture system using a designer peptide nanofiber scaffold with mouse adult neural stem cells. We attached several functional motifs, including cell adhesion, differentiation and bone marrow homing motifs, to a self-assembling peptide RADA16 (Ac-RADARADARADARADA-COHN2). These functionalized peptides undergo self-assembly into a nanofiber structure similar to Matrigel. During cell culture, the cells were fully embedded in the 3-D environment of the scaffold. Two of the peptide scaffolds containing bone marrow homing motifs significantly enhanced the neural cell survival without extra soluble growth and neurotrophic factors to the routine cell culture media. In these designer scaffolds, the cell populations with beta-Tubulin(+), GFAP(+) and Nestin(+) markers are similar to those found in cell populations cultured on Matrigel. The gene expression profiling array experiments showed selective gene expression, possibly involved in neural stem cell adhesion and differentiation. Because the synthetic peptides are intrinsically pure and a number of desired function cellular motifs are easy to incorporate, these designer peptide nanofiber scaffolds provide a promising controlled 3-D culture system for diverse tissue cells, and are useful as well for general molecular and cell biology.
Recognition of the 5′ leader of pre-tRNA substrates by the active site of ribonuclease P (2003)

The bacterial tRNA processing enzyme ribonuclease P (RNase P) is a ribonucleoprotein composed of a ∼400 nucleotide RNA and a smaller protein subunit. It has been established that RNase P RNA contacts the mature tRNA portion of pre-tRNA substrates, whereas RNase P protein interacts with the 5′ leader sequence. However, specific interactions with substrate nucleotides flanking the cleavage site have not previously been defined. Here we provide evidence for an interaction between a conserved adenosine, A248 in the Escherichia coli ribozyme, and N(-1), the substrate nucleotide immediately 5′ of the cleavage site. Specifically, mutations at A248 result in miscleavage of substrates containing a 2′ deoxy modification at N(-1). Compensatory mutations at N(-1) restore correct cleavage in both the RNA-alone and holoenzyme reactions, and also rescue defects in binding thermodynamics caused by A248 mutation. Analysis of pre-tRNA leader sequences in Bacteria and Archaea reveals a conserved preference for U at N(-1), suggesting that an interaction between A248 and N(-1) is common among RNase P enzymes. These results provide the first direct evidence for RNase P RNA interactions with the substrate cleavage site, and show that RNA and protein cooperate in leader sequence recognition.
RASL‐seq for Massively Parallel and Quantitative Analysis of Gene Expression (2012)

Large-scale, quantitative analysis of gene expression can be accomplished by microarray or RNA-seq analysis. While these methods are applicable to genome-wide analysis, it is often desirable to quantify expression of a more limited set of genes in hundreds, thousands, or even tens of thousands of biological samples. For example, some studies may require monitoring a sizable panel of key genes under many different experimental conditions, during development, or following treatment with a large library of small molecules, for which current genome-wide methods are either inefficient or cost-prohibitive. This unit presents a method that permits quantitative profiling of several hundred selected genes in a large number of samples by coupling RNA-mediated oligonucleotide Annealing, Selection, and Ligation with Next-Gen sequencing (RASL-seq). The method even allows direct analysis of RNA levels in cell lysates and is also adaptable to full automation, making it ideal for large-scale analysis of multiple biological pathways or regulatory gene networks in the context of systematic genetic or chemical genetic perturbations.
Synchronous ATM-an analysis of a call-packing algorithm (1991)

The author considers a scenario where a large number of STM-1 (155 Mbit/s) interfaces each carrying about 2000 individual speech channels are switched by ATM. The following methods of reducing delays have been suggested: (i) more than one call per cell-four or five were identified as desirable; and (ii) short cells, i.e. only 20-25% of data payload occupied. The paper attempts to analyse some of the performance characteristics associated with solution (i), particularly the question of which call allocation strategy should be employed and what bandwidth is required at the ATM interface to achieve a given call-connection failure probability.
Pretreatment with Restriction Enzyme or Bovine Serum Albumin for Effective PCR Amplification of Epstein-Barr Virus DNA in DNA Extracted from Paraffin-Embedded Gastric Carcinoma Tissue (1998)

An association between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and gastric carcinoma has been studied through the EBV genome present in the carcinoma cells. Recently, we found that EBV DNA in paraffin-embedded gastric carcinoma tissue was detected effectively by PCR after pretreatment of the extracted DNA with a restriction enzyme, BamHI or EcoRI. Here, we show that the PCR amplification was also enhanced by pretreatment of the DNA with other restriction enzymes or with bovine serum albumin and several other proteins. Treatment with these proteins may remove a PCR inhibitor(s) in the DNA samples extracted from the paraffin blocks.
Fingerprinting (1983)

This paper presents a general discussion of the use of fingerprints, especially fingerprinted data, Fingerprinting is classified in four orthogonal ways, and some illustrative examples are given. The basis for a statistical analysis of altered fingerprints is presented, along with an example simulation. The possibility of more subtle fingerprints is discussed.
Editor's Introduction (1994)

Abstract In the last issue of Chinese Education and Society—January/February 1994, "Curriculum Reform (I)"—I introduced curriculum reform initiatives that were begun as an experiment in Shanghai and Zhejiang. These initiatives were supported by the central curriculum development agencies, namely, the State Education Commission and the People's Education Press. In this issue, three documents are included to illustrate how the central government defined the rationales and outlined the arrangement of the "national" curriculum for the nine-year mandatory educational system. The national curriculum is meant to be a blueprint for curriculum implementation.
Stimulant Medication Use by Primary Care Physicians in the Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (1990)

Treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), one of the most common behavioral disorders in children in the United States, remains controversial because of concern about stimulant medication use. Extending a previous study of pediatricians, the present study surveyed a random national sample of family practitioners and then directly screened 457 patients of 10 pediatricians and family practitioners in two small midwestern cities. Responses to the national survey indicated that stimulant medication remains the main treatment prescribed by primary care physicians for children with ADHD. In the direct patient screening, the prevalence of ADHD diagnoses was 5.3% (pediatricians) and 4.2% (family practitioners) of all elementary-school-aged children screened. Eighty-eight percent of these children were treated with methylphenidate. Although medication was considered an effective treatment by the parents of 85% of the children given the medication, efficacy was unrelated to the accuracy of diagnosis. When explicit DSM-III-R criteria were used, only 72% of those assigned a diagnosis of ADHD by the physicians would have received that diagnosis based on a structured psychiatric interview with the parents and only 53% received that diagnosis based on teacher report of symptoms, even when the child was not receiving medication. Although the majority of physicians (in both the surveys and the direct screenings) reported using at least some behavioral treatments with their patients, parents reported infrequent use of nonpharmacologic forms of therapy, such as behavior modification. These data thus indicate a relatively modest rate of stimulant medication use for ADHD, but a serious underuse of systematic behavioral treatments in primary care.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Implication of Aberrant Glycosylation in Cancer and Use of Lectin for Cancer Biomarker Discovery (2009)

Aberrant glycosylation is frequently found in cancer, and efforts for biomarker discovery include the preparation of aberrant glycoproteins as promising analytes. Several lectins that bind to aberrant glycans and can be thus used to capture and enrich aberrant glycoproteins in the frontal stage during biomarker discovery are to be introduced.
Hypoxia-inducible factor-2 is essential in activating the COX2/mPGES-1/PGE2 signaling axis in colon cancer (2012)

Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) is overexpressed in 80% of colon adenocarcinomas. However, the mechanism leading to aberrant COX2 expression in tumors is unclear. Intestinal epithelium-specific disruption of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein (VHL) in adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc)(min/+) mice (Vhl(ΔIE)/Apc(min/+)) resulted in constitutive activation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), robustly enhanced colon carcinogenesis and potentiated COX2 expression in normal colon epithelium and tumors. In this study, we hypothesize that HIF regulates COX2 expression in colon tumors, and this regulation is critical for HIF-mediated colon carcinogenesis. COX2 was demonstrated to be a direct target gene of HIF-2α, and genetic disruption of HIF-2α abolished the induction of COX2 in tumors. Furthermore, inhibition of COX2 by nimesulide reduced HIF-2α-induced colon tumor formation. Interestingly, the levels of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), the downstream effector of COX2, remained elevated in normal and tumor tissues of the nimesulide-treated Vhl(ΔIE)/Apc(min/+) mice. Further examination revealed that the terminal PGE(2) synthesis enzyme microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 (mPGES-1) was overexpressed in the colon of Vhl(ΔIE)/Apc(min/+) mice. mPGES-1 was demonstrated to be a direct target gene of HIF-2α, and genetic disruption of HIF-2α abolished the induction of mPGES-1 in colon tumors. Together, our findings demonstrate that HIF-2α is a major regulator of COX2/mPGES-1/PGE(2) pathway in colon tumors.
A blinded, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of theJanus kinase inhibitor oclacitinib (Apoquel®) in client‐owned dogs with atopic dermatitis (2013)

Background Pruritus is the hallmark clinical sign of atopic dermatitis ( AD ) in dogs. Preliminary study results suggest that oclacitinib, a selective J anus kinase inhibitor, could reduce pruritus and associated inflammatory skin lesions in dogs with AD . Hypothesis/Objectives The objective was to evaluate efficacy and safety of oclacitinib ( A poquel ® ) for the control of AD in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Animals Clinicians at 18 specialty clinics enrolled client‐owned dogs ( n = 299) with a history of chronic AD . Methods Dogs were randomized to receive either oclacitinib (0.4–0.6 mg/kg twice daily for 14 days and then once daily for up to 112 days) or an excipient‐matched placebo. Owners assessed visual analog scale (VAS) scores of pruritus on days 0, 1, 2, 7, 14, 28, 56, 84 and 112. Clinicians assessed Canine AD Extent and Severity Index ( CADESI ‐02) scores on days 0, 14, 28, 56, 84 and 112. Results On days 1, 2, 7, 14 and 28, oclacitinib‐treated dogs had a 29.5, 42.3, 61.5, 66.7 and 47.4% reduction from baseline in owner‐assessed pruritus scores, respectively, compared with a 6.5, 9.1, 6.5, 3.9 and 10.4% reduction in placebo‐treated dogs. On days 14 and 28, dermatologists recorded a 48.4% reduction in CADESI ‐02 scores in oclacitinib‐treated dogs compared with a 1.7% reduction and a 3.6% increase in placebo‐treated dogs. After day 28, &gt;86% of all placebo‐treated dogs had moved to an open‐label study, making between‐group comparisons biased. Differences were significant at all time points assessed ( P &lt; 0.0001). Conclusions and clinical importance Oclacitinib provided rapid, effective and safe control of AD , with substantial improvement in VAS and CADESI ‐02 scores.
Localization of the gene for the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. (1994)

The nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCC) is an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder characterized by multiple basal cell carcinomas, jaw cysts, pits of the palms and/or soles, ectopic calcification, and skeletal malformations. The NBCC gene has recently been mapped to chromosome 9q22.3-9q31. In order to further define the region containing the NBCC gene, we have analyzed 137 individuals from eight families for linkage, using 11 markers from the region. Eight markers showed statistically significant evidence for linkage to NBCC. Three markers (D9S180, ALDOB, and D9S173) showed no definite recombination with the disease locus. All families showed some evidence for linkage to markers in this region. On the basis of the inspection of individual recombinants and previously published information about map location, we suggest the following order for the markers: D9S119-D9S12-D9S197-D9S196-(NBCC,D9S180 -D9S173,ALDOB)-D9S109- D9S127-(D9S53,D9S29). We are currently developing YAC contigs for the most closely linked markers, to further refine the location of the NBCC gene.
LSP quantization in wideband speech coders (2003)

This paper deals with multi-stage vector quantization of line spectrum pair (LSP) parameters in wideband speech coders and discusses commonly used spectral distortion measures and their relation to the perceptual quality of the speech coding.