gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stable Nuclear Transformation of the Closterium peracerosum–strigosum–littorale Complex (2011)

Although charophycean algae form a relevant monophyly with embryophytes and hence occupy a fundamental place in the development of Streptophyta, no tools for genetic transformation in these organisms have been developed. Here we present the first stable nuclear transformation system for the unicellular Zygnematales, the Closterium peracerosum-strigosum-littorale complex (C. psl complex), which is one of the most useful organisms for experimental research on charophycean algae. When a vector, pSA106, containing the dominant selectable marker ble (phleomycin-resistant) gene and a reporter cgfp (Chlamydomonas-adapted green fluorescent protein) gene was introduced into cells via particle bombardment, a total of 19 phleomycin-resistant cells were obtained in the presence of a low concentration of phleomycin. Six isogenic strains isolated using conditioned medium showed consecutive cgfp expression and long-term stability for phleomycin resistance. DNA analyses verified single or tandem/redundant integration of ~10 copies of pSA106 into the C. psl complex genome. We also constructed an overexpression vector, pSA1102, and then integrated a CpPI gene encoding minus-specific sex pheromone into pSA1102. Ectopic overexpression of CpPI and the pheromonal function were confirmed when the vector pSA1102_CpPI was introduced into mt(+) cells. The present efficient transformation system for the C. psl complex should provide not only a basis for molecular investigation of Closterium but also an insight into important processes in early development and evolution of Streptophyta.
[Upregulated voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 on the CD4+CD28null T lymphocyte from patients with acute coronary syndrome]. (2008)

The CD4+CD28null T cells in the ACS and the numbers of Kv1.3 channels on the CD4+CD28null T cells from the ACS patients are significantly upregulated and might contribute to the pathogenesis of ACS.
N-1-tert-butyl-substituted quinolones: in vitro anti-Mycobacterium avium activities and structure-activity relationship studies (1996)

We determined the MICs of 63 quinolones against 14 selected reference and clinical strains of the Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare complex. Sixty-one of the compounds were selected from the quinolone library at Parke-Davis, Ann Arbor, Mich., including N-1-tert-butyl-substituted agents. T 3761 and tosufloxacin were also tested. The activities of all 63 compounds were compared with those of ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin. The results showed 45 of the quinolones to be active against the M. avium-M. intracellulare complex, with MICs at which 50% of the strains were inhibited (MIC50s) of less than 32 micrograms/ml. Twenty-four of these quinolones had activities equivalent to or greater than that of ciprofloxacin, and nine of them had activities equivalent to or greater than that of sparfloxacin. The most active compounds were the N-1-tert-butyl-substituted quinolones, PD 161315 and PD 161314, with MIC50s of 0.25 microgram/ml and MIC90s of 1 microgram/ml; comparable values for ciprofloxacin were 2 and 4 micrograms/ml, respectively, while for sparfloxacin they were 1 and 2 micrograms/ml, respectively. The next most active compounds, with MIC50s of 0.5 microgram/ml and MIC90s of 1 microgram/ml, were the N-1-cyclopropyl-substituted quinolones, PD 138926 and PD 158804. These values show that the tert-butyl substituent is at least as good as cyclopropyl in rendering high levels of antimycobacterial activity. However, none of the quinolones showed activity against ciprofloxacin-resistant laboratory-derived M. avium-M. intracellulare complex strains. A MULTICASE program-based structure-activity relationship analysis of the inhibitory activities of these 63 quinolones and 109 quinolones previously studied against the most resistant clinical strain of M. avium was also performed and led to the identification of two major biophores and two biophobes.
2-(2-Methyl-3-indolyl)-1,4-benzoquinone, a reversible redox substrate at the carbon-paste electrode in acidic aqueous-ethanolic media (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2-(2-Methyl-3-indolyl)-1,4-benzoquinone, a reversible redox substrate at the carbon-paste electrode in acidic aqueous-ethanolic mediaThomas E. Young and Brion W. BabbittCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 8, 1571–1572Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00347a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00347a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views65Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
In vitro methods of toxicology (1992)

Current concern regarding the use of expensive animals for toxic effect testing of new drugs and old treatment agents is creating increased interest in systems that use fewer animal and human subjects. In vitro methods offer systems that can evaluate selected aspects of toxicity rapidly, cheaply and concisely. This book examines in vitro methods for testing the toxic, pharmacological and immunological effects of drugs. Applications for these methods are discussed, including potential benefits and pitfalls of their use. Particular emphasis is placed on key systems affected by drugs, including the heart, kidney, liver and immune system. The potential advantages and disadvantages of these methods compared to in vivo studies are also outlined in evaluating the data.
Development of New Kill Fluids with Minimum Sagging Problems for High Pressure Jilh Formation in Saudi Arabia (2014)

Abstract A successful kill fluid formulation for the overpressured Jilh formation has been achieved. Jilh formation is a dolomitic middle Triassic tight zone that ranges from 8,000 to 10,000 ft TVD with abnormal salt-water pressure that requires a kill fluid with a density up to 150 lb/ft3 (pcf). Addition of weighting materials such as barite (BaSO4) or hematite (Fe2O3) is needed to achieve the desired density for the kill fluid. However, maintaining high volume of solid content for barite particles (or any other weighting material) in suspension is challenging, especially for extended period of time. This phenomenon is described in the industry as static barite sag and it may lead to serious well control incidents and lost circulation. Saudi Aramco developed a new formula for kill fluids at high range of densities up to 150 pcf using barite with manganese tetroxide (Mn3O4). No similar formulations were developed before to the best of the authors' knowledge. The properties of small particle size (D50=1 μm), spherical shape, and high specific gravity (4.95 g/cm3) of manganese tetroxide make it a good weighting material to reduce solids loading and settling compared to barite (SG= 4.20 g/cm3 and D50=20 μm). Results show that the density variation between the upper and lower section after 24 hours of vertical static condition is 5 pcf for the new formula (density= 150 pcf) compared to a variation of 13 pcf for the conventional formula that has barite only. When the drilling fluid is put in inclined static condition for 24 hours, the density variation is 6 pcf for the new formula (density= 150 pcf). However, the conventional formula showed a density variation of 17 pcf. The experimental work in this paper involved rheological properties, thermal stability, HT/HP filtration, and static sagging. This paper also describes field cases with barite sagging in high temperature wells and method and formulation of combining manganese tetroxide and barite to formulate new kill fluid formulations for Jilh Formation in Saudi Arabia fields.
Block Copolymer Templated Chemistry for the Formation of Metallic Nanoparticle Arrays on Semiconductor Surfaces (2007)

Precise positioning of metallic nanostructures on semiconductor surfaces is important for applications such as photovoltaics, photoelectrocatalysis, metal interconnects, sensing platforms, and many others. In this paper, we demonstrate the utilization of self-assembling diblock copolymer monolayer films, made up of polystyrene-block-poly(2- or 4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P2VP or PS-b-P4VP), to spatially direct an aqueous metal reduction reaction on semiconductor surfaces, a process we call galvanic displacement. The diblock copolymer forms hexagonal arrays of spherical micelles consisting of a P2VP or P4VP core surrounded by a PS corona. Two approaches were developed, termed method 1 and method 2, to deliver metal ions to the semiconductor interface in a spatially defined manner utilizing the diblock template. In method 1, a metal complex preloaded into the P4VP cores is spontaneously reduced on the surface to form hexagonally ordered metallic nanoparticles whose structures mirror the parent polymer templates. This approach was employed to produce ordered Ag nanoparticles on Ge(100), InP(100), and GaAs(100) surfaces. Method 2, on the other hand, involves coating the semiconductor surface with an unloaded self-assembled block copolymer monolayer, followed by immersion in a solution of the metal ions and additional reagents, if required. Method 2 is particularly useful to pattern semiconductor surfaces that require the presence of hydrofluoric acid (HF) as an etchant to initiate the galvanic displacement, including Si(100). Using method 2, Cu, Au, Pt, and Pd nanoparticles were patterned on the semiconductor surfaces. In addition, the apparent order of the self-assembled monolayers is better as compared to that of the preloaded block copolymers (prepared via method 1). Since the self-assembling nanostructures of the PS-b-P2VP or PS-b-P4P diblock copolymers can be inverted to a PS core surrounded by a P2VP or P4VP corona (the so-called core−corona inversion) in the presence of HF, patterns of the resulting metallic structures are influenced by this morphological shift. The effects of polymer morphology on the galvanic displacement is described, and as an alternative approach, metal ion reduction and polymer removal with hydrogen/argon plasma is outlined.
Peptide Vaccines and Peptide Libraries (2001)

Synthetic immunogens, containing built-in adjuvanticity, B cell, T helper cell and CTL epitopes or mimotopes, are ideal and invaluable tools to study the immune response with respect to antigen processing and presentation. This serves as a basis for the development of complete and minimal vaccines which do not need large carrier proteins, further adjuvants, liposome formulations or other delivery systems. Combinatorial peptide libraries, either completely random or characterized by one or several defined positions, are useful tools for the identification of the critical features of B cell epitopes and of MHC class I and class II binding natural and synthetic epitopes. The complete activity pattern of an O/Xn library with hundreds of peptide collections, each made up from billions of different peptides, represents the ranking of amino acid residues mediating contact to the target proteins of the immune system. Combinatorial libraries support the design of peptides applicable in vaccination against infectious agents as well as therapeutic tumour vaccines. Using the principle of lipopeptide vaccines, strong humoral and cellular immune responses could be elicited. The lipopeptide vaccines are heat-stable, non-toxic, fully biodegradable and can be prepared on the basis of minimized epitopes by modern methods of multiple peptide synthesis. The lipopeptides activate the antigen-presenting macrophages and B cells and have been recently shown to stimulate innate immunity by specific interaction with receptors of the Toll family.
DETERMINATION OF BACTERIAL GROWTH AND ACTIVITY AT SOLID-LIQUID INTERFACES (1990)

Human coronavirus (HCoV) infection causes respiratory diseases with mild to severe outcomes. In the last 15 years, we have witnessed the emergence of two zoonotic, highly pathogenic HCoVs: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and ...Read More
Anti‐C1q Autoantibodies in Lupus Nephritis (2009)

Anti-C1q antibodies are found in a variety of diseases, in addition to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and in 3-5% of normal individuals. In particular, anti-C1q antibodies are detected at a high titer in 100% of patients with hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis and in 30-48% of SLE patients. Their titer correlates with active renal disease with a sensitivity of 44-100% and a specificity of 70-92%. An increase in anti-C1q antibody titer has been suggested to be able to predict renal flares in lupus nephritis so that monitoring anti-C1q might be valuable for the clinical management of SLE patients as a noninvasive biological marker. Recently our group studied 228 patients affected by lupus nephritis and found that the association of anti-C1q, C3, and C4, in a multivariate analysis, provided the best prediction of renal flares, particularly in patients with focal and diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis and in the absence of antiphospholipid antibodies.
A Novel Mesoporous Biomaterial for Treating Dentin Hypersensitivity (2010)

An ideal material has yet to be discovered that can completely treat dentin hypersensitivity; however, calcium phosphate precipitation has exhibited potential value for the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity by the occlusion of dentinal tubules. We hypothesized that a novel mesoporous silica biomaterial (nano CaO@mesoporous silica, NCMS) containing nano-sized calcium oxide particles mixed with 30% phosphoric acid can efficiently occlude dentinal tubules and significantly reduce dentin permeability, even with the presence of pulpal pressure. This highly supersaturated Ca(2+)-and HPO(4)(2-)ion-containing NCMS paste was brushed onto dentin surfaces, and the ions diffused deeply into the dentinal tubules and formed a CaHPO(4).2H(2)O precipitation with a depth of 100 microm. The results of the dentin permeability tests showed that the novel mesoporous material exhibited a significant reduction in dentin permeability (p < 0.05), even under simulated pulpal pressure, as compared with our previously developed material, DP-bioglass, and a commercial desensitizing material, Seal & Protect.
Carboxyl-terminal Prodomain-deleted Human Leukocyte Elastase and Cathepsin G Are Efficiently Targeted to Granules and Enzymatically Activated in the Rat Basophilic/Mast Cell Line RBL (1995)

The hematopoietic neutral serine proteases leukocyte elastase and cathepsin G are synthesized as inactive precursors, but become activated by removal of an amino-terminal dipeptide and are stored in granules. Moreover, the pro forms of elastase and cathepsin G show carboxyl-terminal prodomains of 20 and 11 amino acids, respectively, which are not present in the mature enzymes. To investigate mechanisms of processing, activation, and granular targeting, we have utilized transgenic expression of myeloid serine proteases in the rat basophilic/mast cell line RBL-1 (Gullberg, U., Lindmark, A., Nilsson, E., Persson, A.-M., and Olsson, I. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 25219-25225). Leukocyte elastase was stably expressed in RBL-1 cells, and the translation products were characterized by biosynthetic labeling followed by immunoprecipitation, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and fluorography. Processing of a main pro form of 34 kDa into mature 31- and 29-kDa forms was demonstrated. Translocation of mature forms to granule-containing fractions was shown by subcellular fractionation experiments. The processed forms were enzymatically active, judging by the occurrence of amino-terminal processing demonstrated by radiosequence analysis, the acquisition of affinity for the protease inhibitor aprotinin, and the appearance of elastase activity in transfected RBL cells. To investigate the function of the carboxyl-terminal prodomains, deletion mutants of leukocyte elastase and cathepsin G lacking the carboxyl-terminal extension were constructed and transfected into RBL cells. Our results show that as full-length proteins, the deletion mutants were converted to active enzymes and transferred to granules with kinetics similar to that of wild-type enzymes. We conclude that human leukocyte elastase and cathepsin G are converted into enzymatically active forms when expressed in RBL cells and targeted for storage in granules; the carboxyl-terminal prodomains are necessary neither for enzymatic activation nor for targeting to granules in RBL cells.
Biomechanical considerations in intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures (1988)

Recent laboratory investigations have led to clinically useful information about intramedullary nailing. These studies have identified several mechanical variables that are important during nail insertion. In particular, a high degree of bending stiffness of the nail combined with an anterior position of the starting hole can cause the femur to burst. Other studies of nail-bone constructs have demonstrated that a femur with a subtrochanteric fracture fixed with a slotted interlocking nail is about 2% as stiff as an intact femur in torsion and about 80% as stiff in bending. Using a closed-section, unslotted nail increases the torsional stiffness to 50% of the stiffness of an intact femur in torsion. Locking rods have been found to support 300% to 400% of a typical person's body weight in axial loading and to fail under load by bending, cracking along the axis of the proximal screw hole, or protruding with the screw through the greater trochanter.
CXIX.—The formation and stability of spiro-compounds. Part I. spiro-Compounds from cyclohexane (1915)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome: a clinical review. (2014)

Histologically, CAPS is characterized by acute thrombotic microangiopathy. CAPS must be distinguished from other forms of thrombotic microangiopathies such as hemolytic-uremic syndrome, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and heparin-induced thrombocyt openia. CAPS is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, an aggressive multidisciplinary treatment strategy is indicated. Anticoagulation, immunosuppression, plasma exchange, intravenous immunoglobulins, and anti-platelet agents, used in various combinations, have resulted in improved patient outcome.
A modified oestrogen receptor ligand-binding domain as an improved switch for the regulation of heterologous proteins (1995)

A number of proteins have been rendered functionally oestrogen-dependent by fusion with the hormone-binding domain of the oestrogen receptor. There are, however, several significant disadvantages with such fusion proteins. First, their use in cells in vitro requires phenol red-free medium and laborious stripping of steroid hormones from serum in order to avoid constitutive activation. Secondly, control of oestrogen receptor fusion proteins in vivo is precluded by high endogenous levels of circulating oestrogens. Thirdly, the hormone-binding domain of the oestrogen receptor functions as a hormone-dependent transcriptional activation domain making interpretation of fusions with transcription factors problematical. In order to overcome these drawbacks we have used a transcriptionally inactive mutant of the murine oestrogen receptor which is unable to bind oestrogen yet retains normal affinity for the synthetic ligand, 4-hydroxytamoxifen. When the hormone-binding domain of this mutant oestrogen receptor is fused to the C-terminus of the c-Myc protein, Myc-induced proliferation and apoptosis in fibroblasts becomes dependent on 4-hydroxytamoxifen, but remains refractory to 17 beta-oestradiol.
PRO: a model for the design and analysis of efficient and scalable parallel algorithms (2006)

We present a new parallel computation model called the Parallel Resource-Optimal computation model. PRO is a framework being proposed to enable the design of efficient and scalable parallel algorithms in an architecture-independent manner, and to simplify the analysis of such algorithms. A focus on three key features distinguishes PRO from existing parallel computation models. First, the design and analysis of a parallel algorithm in the PRO model is performed relative to the time and space complexity of a sequential reference algorithm. Second, a PRO algorithm is required to be both time- and space-optimal relative to the reference sequential algorithm. Third, the quality of a PRO algorithm is measured by the maximum number of processors that can be employed while optimality is maintained. Inspired by the Bulk Synchronous Parallel model, an algorithm in the PRO model is organized as a sequence of supersteps. Each superstep consists of distinct computation and communication phases, but the supersteps are not required to be separated by synchronization barriers. Both computation and communication costs are accounted for in the runtime analysis of a PRO algorithm. Experimental results on parallel algorithms designed using the PRO model—and implemented using its accompanying programming environment SSCRAP—demonstrate that the model indeed delivers efficient and scalable implementations on a wide range of platforms.
Integrated dynamical models of down-the-hole percussive drilling (2014)

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. July 2014. Major: Civil Engineering. Advisor: Vincent Denoël. 1 computer file (PDF); xi, 172 pages, appendices A-E.
Telomerase activation, cellular immortalization and cancer (2001)

The maintenance of specialized nucleoprotein structures termed telomeres is essential for chromosome stability. Without new synthesis of telomeres at chromosome ends the chromosomes shorten with progressive cell division, eventually triggering either replicative senescence or apoptosis when telomere length becomes critically short. The regulation of telomerase activity in human cells plays a significant role in the development of cancer. Telomerase is tightly repressed in the vast majority of normal human somatic cells but becomes activated during cellular immortalization and in cancers. While the mechanisms for telomerase activation in cancers have not been fully defined, they include telomerase catalytic subunit gene (hTERT) amplification and trans-activation of the hTERT promoter by the myc oncogene product. Ectopic expression of hTERT is sufficient to restore telomerase activity in cells that lack the enzyme and can immortalize many cell types. Understanding telomerase biology will eventually lead to several clinically relevant telomerase-based therapies. These applications include inhibiting or targeting telomerase as a novel antineoplastic strategy and using cells immortalized by telomerase for therapeutic applications.