gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular analysis of the c-myc locus in normal tissue and in avian leukosis virus-induced lymphomas (1982)

We isolated molecular clones of the provirus-host cell junctions (tumor junction fragments) from two avian leukosis virus-induced lymphomas and compared the structures of these clones with a clone of the normal c-myc gene. Restriction mapping and DNA sequencing demonstrated that normal proviral integration events occurred adjacent to c-myc in both tumors, without gross structural alteration of c-myc. The right long terminal repeat of an avian leukosis virus provirus is integrated upstream from the bulk of the c-myc coding sequences and oriented such that transcription can initiate within the long terminal repeat and proceed downstream into c-myc. A comparison of a tumor junction fragment with the v-myc gene showed that there are two regions of v-myc-related sequences (which are probably exons) separated by 1 kilobase of sequences unrelated to v-myc (probably an intron). A DNA sequence analysis of the tumor junction fragments suggested that integration had occurred in exons adjacent to splice donor sites. This suggests that there are additional exons and introns in c-myc. Based on these findings, a model is proposed for the genesis of the tumor-specific RNAs containing viral-5' and c-myc information in avian leukosis virus-induced lymphomas.
Laser Fluorescence Detection of Demineralization in Artificial Occlusal Fissures (1997)

Laser fluorescence (LF) has been used previously to detect early smooth-surface lesions. Although its use for detection of occlusal demineralization has been implicated, it has not been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to determine whether LF could detect demineralization in the base of artificial fissures. To employ LF for detection of occlusal demineralization an apparatus was devised to direct laser light into fissures and simultaneously detect fluorescence from the base of the fissures. Three groups (n = 40/group) of differing fissure types were prepared (straight wall, converging and diverging wall) with either a sound or lesioned base. One half of each group was examined with LF and dye-enhanced LF (DELF); the other half was examined with LF, exposed to plaque, examined with LF and DELF, air-polished and examined with DELF. All images were scored twice as either (1) carious; (2) sound, or (3) undetermined, by a group of 3 examiners. For fissures without plaque, the average sensitivity was higher for DELF (0.76) than for LF (0.54) (p < 0.05). Likewise, the average specificity was higher for DELF (0.64) than for LF (0.29) (p < 0.05). In the presence of plaque, sensitivity was higher for DELF (0.91) compared to LF (0.43); however, specificity was lower for DELF (0.05) compared to LF (0.55). When the fissures were air-polished and then examined with DELF, sensitivity averaged 0.82 (p < 0.05), and specificity increased consistently (average 0.51, p < 0.05). It was concluded that, in the absence of plaque, DELF was a better diagnostic tool than LF for detection of demineralization in artificial fissures.
The effect of temperature-guided radiofrequency ablation of ventricular myocardium (1993)

The safety and feasibility of temperature-guided radiofrequency (RF) ablation of ventricular myocardium were assessed in an open-chest animal model. RF ablation was performed in the ventricles of 19 pigs using ablation catheters with a tip electrode of 2 or 4 mm length. The energy was delivered in a bipolar (2 mm tip electrode only) or unipolar configuration. Set temperature ranged from 60 to 90 degrees C. Pulse duration was 30 s. Histological examination showed coagulation necrosis with a haemorrhagic zone. However, lesions with a deep cleavage were found after five unipolar (2 mm tip electrode) energy applications. No such lesions were found after unipolar energy applications with a 4 mm tip electrode. During or shortly after ablation, premature ventricular beats and non-sustained VT were frequently observed and in some instances ventricular fibrillation. In the bipolar mode we found a positive correlation between lesion area/volume and peak temperature with a correlation coefficient of 0.48 and 0.56, respectively (P < 0.05). However no correlation was found between lesion size and applied energy. In the unipolar configuration there was no correlation between lesion size and these parameters. Median depth and area were: bipolar: 4.0 mm/23.5 mm2, unipolar (2 mm tip electrode): 3.5 mm/12.2 mm2, unipolar (4 mm tip electrode): 4.0 mm/15.7 mm2. We conclude that in a beating heart it is difficult to predict lesion size from temperature or energy.
Reversible Cycling of Crystalline Silicon Powder (2007)

A method is described in which crystalline silicon can be used as a practical anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Commercial lithium-ion cells are typically charged at a constant current to a fixed voltage and then are held by the charger at constant voltage until the current decreases to a certain value (also known as constant current/constant voltage or CCCV charging). It is first shown that CCCV charging can be used to reversibly cycle crystalline silicon and limit its capacity. A cycling method is then demonstrated in which crystalline silicon is first partially converted to amorphous silicon, in situ, during conditioning cycles. After the conditioning cycles the silicon can be cycled normally, using CCCV cycling limits, with good coulombic efficiency and little overlithiation during the first cycle.
Piezochromism in Nickel Salicylaldoximato Complexes: Tuning Crystal‐Field Splitting with High Pressure (2012)

The crystal structures of bis(3-fluoro-salicylaldoximato)nickel(II) and bis(3-methoxy-salicylaldoximato)nickel(II) have been determined at room temperature between ambient pressure and approximately 6 GPa. The principal effect of pressure is to reduce intermolecular contact distances. In the fluoro system molecules are stacked, and the Ni⋅⋅⋅Ni distance decreases from 3.19 Å at ambient pressure to 2.82 Å at 5.4 GPa. These data are similar to those observed in bis(dimethylglyoximato)nickel(II) over a similar pressure range, though contrary to that system, and in spite of their structural similarity, the salicyloximato does not become conducting at high pressure. Ni-ligand distances also shorten, on average by 0.017 and 0.011 Å for the fluoro and methoxy complexes, respectively. Bond compression is small if the bond in question is directed towards an interstitial void. A band at 620 nm, which occurs in the visible spectrum of each derivative, can be assigned to a transition to an antibonding molecular orbital based on the metal 3d(x(2)-y(2)) orbital. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations show that the energy of this orbital is sensitive to pressure, increasing in energy as the Ni-ligand distances are compressed, and consequently increasing the energy of the transition. The resulting blueshift of the UV-visible band leads to piezochromism, and crystals of both complexes, which are green at ambient pressure, become red at 5 GPa.
Biomaterials in Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering:  One Laboratory's Experience (1999)

This Account reviews our laboratory's research in biomaterials. In one area, drug delivery, we discuss the development of materials that are capable of releasing macromolecules such as proteins and peptides, intelligent delivery systems based on magnetism or microchip technology, new degradable materials such as polyanhydrides, and noninvasive approaches for delivering molecules through the skin and lungs. A second area, tissue engineering, is also discussed. New polymer systems for creating cartilage, blood vessels, nerves, and other tissues are examined.
A Study on Design Value Evaluation -Focusing on Graphic Design- (2020)

논리적 분석과 수학적 계산을 통해 디자인 가치는 평가할 수 없음을 논증함이 목적인 연구에서 도출한 내용은 다음과 같다. 형태는 도상성에 의한 순환논리와 특이성에 의한 변증법적 논리로 구성된다. 형태의 논리와 가치는 서로 다르지만, 형태의 이윤율은 같다. 형태의 이윤율이 같기 때문에 디자인 가치는 평가할 수 없다. The followings were drawn from the study aimed at demonstrating that design values cannot be evaluated through logical analysis and mathematical calculations. The form consists of circular logic by iconicity and dialectical logic by singularity. The logic and value of the form are different, but the profit rate of the form is the same. The design value cannot be evaluated because the form has the same profit rate.
Myocardial activation of the human cardiac alpha-actin promoter by helix-loop-helix proteins. (1992)

The cardiac alpha-actin gene is expressed in both heart and skeletal muscle. In skeletal myogenic cells, the 177-base-pair promoter of the human cardiac alpha-actin (HCA) gene requires three transcription factors for activation: Sp1, serum response factor (SRF), and MyoD. However, MyoD is undetectable in heart. To search for a functional equivalent of MyoD, we analyzed the transcriptional regulation of the HCA promoter in primary cultures of rat cardiac myocytes. The same DNA sequence elements recognized by SRF, Sp1, and MyoD and required for HCA transcription in skeletal muscle cells were also found to be necessary for expression in cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of Id, a negative regulator of basic helix-loop-helix proteins, selectively attenuated expression of the HCA promoter. Cardiomyocyte nuclei contain a protein complex that specifically interacts with the same required sequence (E box) in the HCA promoter that is bound by MyoD in skeletal myogenic cells. Furthermore, these complexes contain a peptide that is a member of the E2A family of basic helix-loop-helix proteins. Cardiomyocyte nuclei appear to be enriched for a protein that can bind to the E-box site as dimers with the E12 protein. These results suggest that a member of the basic helix-loop-helix family, together with SRF and Sp1, activates the HCA promoter in heart. Alternative strategies for myocardial transcription of HCA are discussed.
Identifying the Dominant Soil Bacterial Taxa in Libraries of 16S rRNA and 16S rRNA Genes (2006)

From near to far ,

from here to there ,

funny things are everywhere. 

—Dr. Seuss, One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish 

In 1909, H. Joel Conn ([25][1]) expressed the hope that methods would soon be at hand by which the significance of the different bacteria present in any soil could be
Lipid analysis of the glycoinositol phospholipid membrane anchor of human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase. Palmitoylation of inositol results in resistance to phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. (1988)

The glycoinositol phospholipid membrane anchor of human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) contains a novel inositol phospholipid which in this and the accompanying paper (Roberts, W.L., Santikarn, S., Reinhold, V.N., and Rosenberry, T.L. (1988) J. Biol. Chem 263, 18776-18784) is shown to be a plasmanylinositol that is palmitoylated on the inositol ring. The inositol phospholipid was radiolabeled with the photoactivated reagent 3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(m-[125I] iodophenyl)diazirine and characterized by various chemical and enzymatic cleavage procedures whose products were analyzed by thin layer chromatography and autoradiography or gas chromatography. Acidic methanolysis of human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (Ehu AChE) revealed 18:0 and 18:1 alkylglycerols (0.55 and 0.20 mol/mol AChE, respectively). Acetolysis was shown by TLC to release alkylacylglycerol acetates from Ehu AChE. Analysis by gas chromatography revealed that 83% of the alkylacylglycerol acetates contained an 18:0 or 18:1 1-alkyl group and a 22:4 (n - 6), 22:5 (n - 3), or 22:6 (n - 3) 2-acyl group. The inositol phospholipid is linked to the anchor by a glucosamine in glycosidic linkage, and deamination with nitrous acid cleaved the glycosidic linkage and released the phospholipid. The deamination and acetolysis products from Ehu AChE were purified by high performance liquid chromatography, and fatty acid analysis following acidic methanolysis of the purified products revealed that 2 fatty acid residues were associated with the deamination product and only one with the alkylacylglycerol acetolysis product. The other fatty acid residue was primarily palmitate and was indicated to be in ester linkage to an inositol hydroxyl(s). This linkage was shown to be responsible for the resistance of the inositol phospholipid to cleavage by Staphylococcus aureus phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase. Deacylation of the inositol phospholipid deamination product by treatment with base removed this palmitoyl group and facilitated release of alkyl- and alkylacylglycerol species by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C with concomitant formation of inositol 1-phosphate. In contrast, digestion of Ehu AChE with a recently reported anchor-specific phospholipase D resulted in release of plasmanic acids from the intact palmitoylated plasmanylinositol.
Thick Penumbra in a Magnetostatic Sunspot Model (1994)

Abstract. The conjecture that energy transport in sunspot penumbrae occurs through convection by an interchange of magnetic flux tubes is used in order to construct a magnetostatic model for a deep penumbra which is part of a global sunspot model. The model describes an overall mechanical equilibrium between the three stratifications: of the umbra, the penumbra, and of the solar convection zone, all of them being treated as stellar-like envelopes. Local differences between the gas pressure in the neighbouring stratifications are balanced by the magnetic forces confined to two current sheets: the magnetopause and the peripatopause, whose shapes are determined by the solution of a free boundary problem. A self-consistent coupling between global magnetostatic and thermal equilibrium is achieved by the assumption of a perfect thermal isolation of the umbra and a parametrized inflow of the heat into the penumbra.
p53 inactivation by HPV16 E6 results in increased mutagenesis in human cells. (1995)

To study the pathways associated with genomic instability in cancer, we examined UV-induced and spontaneous mutagenesis in clonal cell lines expressing human papillomavirus (HPV) proteins, either high-risk (HPV16) E6 or E7 or low-risk (HPV11) E6, in comparison to the parental RKO cells, a colon carcinoma cell line expressing only normal p53. High-risk E6 and E7 bind and functionally inactivate tumor suppressor proteins p53 and Rb, respectively, and both disrupt the G1 arrest in response to DNA damage. Low-risk HPV E6 proteins bind p53 with much lower affinity than high-risk E6 and fail to mediate p53 degradation or to disrupt the G1 checkpoint. We found that cells expressing HPV16 E6 had reduced survival and increased mutagenesis at the hprt locus when treated with low doses of UV. However, this analysis was complicated by the unexpected observation of a very high background of spontaneous mutagenesis in the unirradiated cells expressing the HPV16 E6 gene. Fluctuation analysis revealed a 5-fold elevated mutation rate in the cells expressing HPV16 E6. HPV11 E6 conferred a 2-fold elevation in the mutation rate, but HPV16 E7 had no effect. The increased spontaneous mutagenesis, therefore, appeared to be mediated by p53 inactivation and to be independent of Rb (which acts downstream of p53 in the G1 arrest pathway following DNA damage). Taken together, these findings suggest that the effect of p53 inactivation on spontaneous mutagenesis is manifested at the level of DNA repair, recombination, or coupling of transcription with one of these processes instead of by an alteration in G1 arrest.
IMPRES: integrated monitoring for processor reliability and security (2006)

Security and reliability in processor based systems are concernsrequiring adroit solutions.Securityis often compromised by code injection attacks, jeopardizing even `trusted software'.Reliabilityis of concern where unintended code is executed in modern processors with ever smaller feature sizes and low voltage swings causing bit flips. Countermeasures by software-only approaches increasecodesize by large amounts and therefore significantly reduce performance. Hardware assisted approaches add extensive amountsofhardware monitors and thus incur unacceptably highhardware cost. This paper presents a novel hardware/softwaretechniqueat the granularity of micro-instructions to reduce overheads considerably. Experiments show thatour technique incurs an additional hardware overhead of 0.91% and clock period increase of 0.06%. Average clock cycle and code size overheads are just 11.9% and 10.6% forfive industrystandard application benchmarks. These overheads are far smaller than have been previously encountered.
FTIR Study of Netropsin Binding to Poly d(A-T) and Poly dA · Poly dT (1989)

Complexes between netropsin and two polynucleotides containing only AT base pairs (poly d(A-T) and poly dA.poly dT) have been prepared at various drug/base pair ratios and studied in solution by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The drug is shown to interact in the narrow groove of poly d(A-T) with the C2O2 carbonyl of thymines and the N3 groups of adenines. Moreover the spectral modifications allow us to propose the existence of interactions at the level of the deoxyribose. No effect is detected on the phosphate groups when netropsin is progressively added. In the case of poly dA.poly dT the interaction seems much weaker as if the high propeller twist of the homopolymer would make the accessibility of the drug to the minor groove more difficult.
Effect of randomized supplementation with high dose olive, flax or fish oil on serum phospholipid fatty acid levels in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (2005)

Dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids has been positively correlated with cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric health in several studies. The high seafood intake by the Japanese and Greenland Inuit has resulted in low ratios of the omega-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), with the Japanese showing AA:EPA ratios of approximately 1.7 and the Greenland Eskimos showing ratios of approximately 0.14. It was the objective of this study to determine the effect of supplementation with high doses (60 g) of flax and fish oils on the blood phospholipid (PL) fatty acid status, and AA/EPA ratio of individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), commonly associated with decreased blood omega-3 fatty acid levels. Thirty adults with ADHD were randomized to 12 weeks of supplementation with olive oil (< 1% omega-3 fatty acids), flax oil (source of alpha-linolenic acid; 18:3n-3; alpha-LNA) or fish oil (source of EPA and docosahexaenoic acid; 22:6n-3; DHA). Serum PL fatty acid levels were determined at baseline and at 12 weeks. Flax oil supplementation resulted in an increase in alpha-LNA and a slight decrease in the ratio of AA/EPA, while fish oil supplementation resulted in increases in EPA, DHA and total omega-3 fatty acids and a decrease in the AA/EPA ratio to values seen in the Japanese population. These data suggest that in order to increase levels of EPA and DHA in adults with ADHD, and decrease the AA/EPA ratio to levels seen in high fish consuming populations, high dose fish oil may be preferable to high dose flax oil. Future study is warranted to determine whether correction of low levels of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids is of therapeutic benefit in this population.
SOLUBILITY OF VARIOUS FORMS OF STRONTIUM TITANATE IN LUNGS (1999)

At the In-Tank Precipitation Facility of the Savannah River Site, strontium and other radionuclides are removed from high-level radioactive waste and sent to the Defense Waste Processing Facility. Strontium removal is accomplished by adsorption using a slurry that includes monosodium titanate, which forms strontium titanate with unknown lung solubility characteristics. The purpose of this study was to determine the solubility of strontium titanate in the form created at the In-Tank Precipitation facility. An in vitro dissolution study was done with a slurry simulant and with several types of strontium titanate, and the results were compared. An in vivo study was also performed with high-fired SrTiO3 in rats. Strontium and titanium were measured by inductively-coupled plasma/atomic emission spectrometry. The data from both studies were used independently to assign the compounds to an absorption type based on criteria specified in ICRP 71. Results of the in vitro studies showed that the Defense Waste Processing Facility simulant should be assigned to Type M and the strontium titanate should be assigned to Type S. Results of the in vivo study verified that SrTiO3 should be assigned to Type S. Lung clearance data of SrTiO3 from rats showed that 85% cleared within the first 24 h and the remaining 15% cleared with a half-time of 130 d. The initial rapid clearance is attributed to deposition in airways as compared to the alveolar region.
Human Language Technology: Opportunities and Challenges (2006)

In recent years, there has been dramatic progress in both speech and language processing, in many cases leveraging some of the same underlying methods. This progress and the growing technical ties motivate efforts to combine speech and language technologies in spoken document processing applications. This paper outlines some of the issues involved, as well as the opportunities, presenting an overview of the special double session on this topic.
M-PESA: Mobile Money for the “Unbanked” Turning Cellphones into 24-Hour Tellers in Kenya (2007)

In March 2007, Kenya's largest mobile network operator, Safaricom (part of the Vodafone Group) launched M-PESA, an innovative payment service for the unbanked."Pesa" is the Swahili word for cash; the "M" is for mobile.Within the first month Safaricom had registered over 20,000 M-PESA customers, well ahead of the targeted business plan.This rapid take-up is a clear sign that M-PESA fills a gap in the market.The product concept is very simple: an M-PESA customer can use his or her mobile phone to move money quickly, securely, and across great distances, directly to another mobile phone user.The customer does not need to have a bank account, but registers with Safaricom for an M-PESA account.Customers turn cash into e-money at Safaricom dealers, and then follow simple instructions on their phones to make payments through their M-PESA accounts; the system provides money transfers as banks do in the developed world.The account is very secure, PIN-protected, and supported with a 24/7 service provided by Safaricom and Vodafone Group.The project faced formidable financial, social, cultural, political, technological, and regulatory hurtles.A public-sector challenge grant helped subsidize the investment risk.To implement, Vodafone had to marry the incredibly divergent cultures of global telecommunications companies, banks, and microfinance institutions -and cope with their massive and often contradictory regulatory requirements.Finally, the project had to quickly train, support, and accommodate the needs of Nick Hughes and Susie Lonie M-PESA: Mobile Money for the "Unbanked" Turning Cellphones into 24-Hour Tellers in Kenya Two authors have written this case study, each taking up one part of the story.The first section is written by Nick Hughes, a Vodafone executive who started this project in 2003 and now heads a mobile payments team with the task of growing the business globally.Nick led the efforts to get Vodafone focused and supportive at the very senior levels of the company in what seemed at the outset to be a fringe project.The second section is written by Susie Lonie, an m-commerce expert who was brought into
[Expression and clinical significance of MAGE-4 gene in human hepatocellular carcinoma]. (2002)

The high frequency of MAGE-4 gene expression in HCC suggests the possibility of MAGE-4 gene encoding protein as a target for immunotherapy in HCC patients, but the expression has no relationship with the tumor metastasis and the recurrence of HCC.