gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trypanocidal Activity of Melamine-Based Nitroheterocycles (2004)

A series of nitroheterocyclic compounds were designed with linkages to melamine or benzamidine groups that are known substrates of the P2 aminopurine and other transporters in African trypanosomes of the brucei group. Several compounds showed in vitro trypanotoxicity with 50% inhibitory concentrations in the submicromolar range. Although most compounds interacted with the P2 transporter, as judged by their ability to inhibit adenosine transport via this carrier, uptake through this route was not necessary for activity since TbAT1-null mutant parasites, deficient in this transporter, retained sensitivity to these drugs. One compound, a melamine-linked nitrofuran, also showed pronounced activity against parasites in mice. Studies into the mode of action of this compound indicated that neither reductive, nor oxidative, stress were related to its trypanocidal activity ruling out a genotoxic effect in T. brucei, distinguishing it from some other, mammalian cell toxic, trypanocidal nitroheterocycles.
Two Pleated-Sheet Configurations of Polypeptide Chains Involving Both Cis and Trans Amide Groups (1953)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Introduction (2014)

This book is about many things, but at its heart it's about the right of all people to lead their lives according to their own goals, dreams, and values. Most modern Western democracies are based on this idea, also known as liberal neutrality, maintaining that the state should have no say in how people choose to run their lives as long as they don't wrongfully harm others in the process. Depending on your political orientation, you may believe that the state should limit itself to enforcing basic laws and providing national defense, or you may believe that it has a more positive role in helping the disadvantaged and supplying essential services such as education and health care. Few people on either side of the political spectrum, however, believe that the government should decide how we should run our lives. But as I'll argue in this book, it does, though in a subtle way that is unlikely to inspire cries of government overreach and tyranny.KeywordsGross Domestic ProductPolitical SpectrumLibertarian PaternalismTrue InterestLiberal NeutralityThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Insights into the biology of cord blood stem/progenitor cells (2011)

Cord blood transplantation has been successfully used to treat a number of malignant and non-malignant disorders. However, this technique is still associated with limited numbers of cells for transplantation, and with delayed engraftment of neutrophils and platelets. The field of cord blood transplantation will benefit from enhanced and mechanistically based information on haematopoietic stem cell function and potential means to enhance its effectiveness are reviewed. This includes notions concerning possibility of retrieving more cells from the placenta and cord blood, to expand haematopoietic stem cells ex vivo and to increase efficiency of homing and engraftment of these cells. Also discussed are cryopreservation and long-term storage of cord blood haematopoietic and progenitor cells, and new laboratory findings and animal studies for non-haematopoietic uses of cord blood.
QBoost: Large Scale Classifier Training with Adiabatic Quantum Optimization. (2012)

We introduce a novel discrete optimization method for training in the context of a boosting framework for large scale binary classifiers. The motivation is to cast the training problem into the format required by existing adiabatic quantum hardware. First we provide theoretical arguments concerning the transformation of an originally continuous optimization problem into one with discrete variables of low bit depth. Next we propose QBoost as an iterative training algorithm in which a subset of weak classifiers is selected by solving a hard optimization problem in each iteration. A strong classifier is incrementally constructed by concatenating the subsets of weak classifiers. We supplement the findings with experiments on one synthetic and two natural data sets and compare against the performance of existing boosting algorithms. Finally, by conducting a quantum Monte Carlo simulation we gather evidence that adiabatic quantum optimization is able to handle the discrete optimization problems generated by QBoost.
Epidermal Growth Factor for Ulcerative Colitis (2003)

The treatment of active ulcerative colitis largely relies on the nonspecific antiinflammatory effects of aminosalicylates (mesalamine and sulfasalazine) and the broad immunosuppressive actions of corticosteroids and other potent immunomodulators.1 Data from animal models and patients with ulcerative colitis have highlighted the importance of the enteric microflora in the pathogenesis of the disease, yet in clinical trials, antibiotics and probiotics have had only limited efficacy against active disease. In ulcerative colitis, in contrast to Crohn's disease, there are few clinical data on the value of infliximab and other biologic agents.The pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis remains unknown, but the disease may . . .
Two Types of Assays for Detecting Frog Sperm Chemoattraction (2011)

Sperm chemoattraction in invertebrates can be sufficiently robust that one can place a pipette containing the attractive peptide into a sperm suspension and microscopically visualize sperm accumulation around the pipette. Sperm chemoattraction in vertebrates such as frogs, rodents and humans is more difficult to detect and requires quantitative assays. Such assays are of two major types - assays that quantitate sperm movement to a source of chemoattractant, so-called sperm accumulation assays, and assays that actually track the swimming trajectories of individual sperm. Sperm accumulation assays are relatively rapid allowing tens or hundreds of assays to be done in a single day, thereby allowing dose response curves and time courses to be carried out relatively rapidly. These types of assays have been used extensively to characterize many well established chemoattraction systems - for example, neutrophil chemotaxis to bacterial peptides and sperm chemotaxis to follicular fluid. Sperm tracking assays can be more labor intensive but offer additional data on how chemoattractancts actually alter the swimming paths that sperm take. This type of assay is needed to demonstrate the orientation of sperm movement relative to the chemoattrractant gradient axis and to visualize characteristic turns or changes in orientation that bring the sperm closer to the egg. Here we describe methods used for each of these two types of assays. The sperm accumulation assay utilized is called a "two-chamber" assay. Amphibian sperm are placed in a tissue culture plate insert with a polycarbonate filter floor having 12 μm diameter pores. Inserts with sperm are placed into tissue culture plate wells containing buffer and a chemoatttractant carefully pipetted into the bottom well where the floor meets the wall (see Fig. 1). After incubation, the top insert containing the sperm reservoir is carefully removed, and sperm in the bottom chamber that have passed through the membrane are removed, pelleted and then counted by hemocytometer or flow cytometer. The sperm tracking assay utilizes a Zigmond chamber originally developed for observing neutrophil chemotaxis and modified for observation of sperm by Giojalas and coworkers. The chamber consists of a thick glass slide into which two vertical troughs have been machined. These are separated by a 1 mm wide observation platform. After application of a cover glass, sperm are loaded into one trough, the chemoattractant agent into the other and movement of individual sperm visualized by video microscopy. Video footage is then analyzed using software to identify two-dimensional cell movements in the x-y plane as a function of time (xyt data sets) that form the trajectory of each sperm.
A High Throughput Fluorogenic Substrate for Stromelysin (MMP‐3) (1994)

Stromelysin, a member of the matrix metalloproteinase family of enzymes, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of tumor metastasis and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. To screen prospective inhibitors of this protease, we developed a fluorogenic substrate with excitation and emission spectra compatible with commercially available 96-well plate readers. The substrate is based on the addition of 6-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) amino] hexanoic acid (NBD) (EX467/EM534) and 7-dimethylaminocoumarin-4-acetate (DMC) (EX368/EM459) to the previously reported peptide substrate for stromelysin, Arg-Pro-Lys-Pro-Leu-Ala-Nva-Trp-NH2. The new substrate, NBD-Arg-Pro-Lys-Pro-Leu-Ala-Nva-Trp-Lys-(DMC)-NH2 is 95% quenched and the fluorescent product, Nva-Trp-Lys(DMC)-NH2 is easily detected (EX350/EM465). In competition assays the new fluorogenic substrate has a relative kcat/Km that is one half that of the parent peptide. The fluorophores NBD and DMC were chosen based on the high fluorescence yield of DMC and the overlap of the emission spectrum of DMC and excitation spectrum of NBD which results in an efficient energy transfer system in the intact substrate. These characteristics make this an excellent substrate for routine determination of in vitro activities of stromelysin inhibitors.
Thick GaN Epitaxial Growth with Low Dislocation Density by Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy (1997)

Thick GaN layers were grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) with the aim of using these layers as a homoepitaxial substrate to improve device quality of laser diodes or light emitting diodes. HVPE is very useful for thick layer growth since the growth rate can reach from several ten up to one hundred micron per hour. In this experiment, the growth began as selective growth through openings formed in a SiO 2 mask. Facets consisting of {1101} planes were formed in the early stage and a continuous film developed from the coalescence of these facets on the SiO 2 mask. As a result, GaN layers with a dislocation density as low as 6×10 7 cm -2 were grown on 2-inch-diameter sapphire wafers. These GaN layers were crack-free and had mirror-like surface.
Isolation of Human cDNAs That Restore Methotrexate Sensitivity and Reduced Folate Carrier Activity in Methotrexate Transport-defective Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells (1995)

This report describes the isolation, nucleotide sequencing, and functional expression of human cDNAs that restore reduced folate carrier activity in transport-defective cells. Based on homology to a partial murine cDNA probe, two functional cDNAs were isolated from a lambda gt11 library prepared from methotrexate transport upregulated K562 cells (K562.4CF). A 2.8-kilobase (kb) clone, KS43, contained a 1776-base pair open reading frame. The 2.5-kb clone, KS32, contained an internal deletion (626 base pairs) resulting a shortened open reading frame and 3'-untranslated region. KS43 and KS32 encoded proteins with multiple hydrophobic domains, one consensus N-glycosylation site, and predicted molecular masses of 65 and 58 kDa, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequence of KS43 is 79% and 80% homologous to the mouse and hamster sequences, respectively (Dixon, K. H., Lanpher, B. C., Chiu, J., Kelley, K., and Cowan, K. H. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 17-20; Williams, F. M. R., Murray R. C., Underhill, T. M., and Flintoff, W. F. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 5810-5816). Northern blots identified one primary transcript at 3.1 kb in parental K562, K562.4CF, and transport-impaired K500E cells; transcript levels varied by 7-fold. The expression of both KS43 and KS32 in methotrexate transport-defective Chinese hamster ovary cells restored methotrexate sensitivity and transport. Certain transport characteristics of the transfected cells resembled both the wild type human (K562) and hamster "classical" reduced folate carriers, suggesting the expression of a hybrid system. For instance, based on Ki values, up to a 4-fold increased affinity for 1843U89 over wild type hamster cells (typical of human cells), and a 19-fold increased affinity for methotrexate over K562 cells (typical of hamster cells) was observed. Further, a photoaffinity probe with high specificity for the reduced folate carrier labeled 94-kDa proteins in K562 cells and the transfectant containing the full-length KS43, and a 85-kDa protein in the transfectant containing the 3'-truncated KS32. No specifically labeled proteins were detected in wild type or mock-transfected hamster cells. Collectively, our results suggest that the KS43/KS32 cDNAs encode the human reduced folate carrier; however, additional modulatory/regulatory factors may be required to manifest the full spectrum of transport substrate activities typical of this system.
On Particle Swarm Optimization for MIMO Channel Estimation (2012)

Evolutionary algorithms, in particular particle swarm optimization (PSO), have recently received much attention. PSO has successfully been applied to a wide range of technical optimization problems, including channel estimation. However, most publications in the area of digital communications ignore improvements developed by the PSO community. In this paper, an overview of the original PSO is given as well as improvements that are generally applicable. An extension of PSO termed cooperative PSO (CPSO) is applied for MIMO channel estimation, providing faster convergence and, thus, lower overall complexity. Instead of determining the average iterations needed empirically, a method to calculate the maximum number of iterations is developed, which enables the evaluation of the complexity for a wide range of parameters. Knowledge of the required number of iterations is essential for a practical receiver design. A detailed discussion about the complexity of the PSO algorithm and a comparison to a conventional minimum mean squared error (MMSE) estimator are given. Furthermore, Monte Carlo simulations are provided to illustrate the MSE performance compared to an MMSE estimator.
Staphylococcal Extracellular Adherence Protein Induces Platelet Activation by Stimulation of Thiol Isomerases (2012)

In the present study, we found an additional and yet unknown mechanism of platelet activation by a bacterial adhesin, involving stimulation of thiol isomerases. The thiol isomerase stimulatory and prothrombotic features of a microbial secreted protein are probably not restricted to S aureus and Eap. Because many microorganisms are coated with amyloidogenic proteins, it is likely that the observed mechanism is a more general one.
Effect of l-Arginine Therapy on the Glomerular Injury of Preeclampsia (2006)

I.
The methylation status and protein expression of CDH1, p16INK4A, and fragile histidine triad in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (2006)

Although protein expression was not inactivated by methylation alone, p16 expression was inactivated strongly by methylation. In addition, the analysis of methylation and expression of CDH1 played a clinically important role in treatment strategies for patients with NSCLC.
Studies on Hemiptera (1998)

The loss of avocado fruit as a result of stinkbugs was calculated for the 1991 season to be R1,37 million for the Nelspruit/Hazyview area. During the present work, more than 20 Hemiptera species (sucking bugs) were found on avocado trees. The woolly stinkbug, Atelocera raptoria Germar (Pentatomidae), and the coconut stinkbug, Pseudotheraptus wayi Brown (Coreidae) are amongst the most important. More Hemiptera occurred on Hass than on Fuerte trees. Since large numbers of Hemiptera occur on avocado trees during winter, chemical control may be necessary before flowering takes place. With further studies greater emphasis will be placed on this aspect.
Fibronectin and serum amyloid P component stimulate C3b- and C3bi-mediated phagocytosis in cultured human monocytes. (1983)

Fibronectin (FN) and serum amyloid P component (SAP) markedly enhance phagocytosis mediated by the C3b and C3bi receptors of cultured human monocytes but not of granulocytes. (The C3b and C3bi receptors of granulocytes can be activated by treatment of these phagocytes with PMA.) Activation of monocyte C3 receptors by FN is developmentally regulated: Freshly explanted monocytes respond to FN with a small increase in C3 receptor-mediated phagocytosis while monocytes matured in culture exhibit a much greater response. The mechanism of action of FN on C3 receptors of cultured monocytes is unique in two respects. First, while substrate-bound FN or SAP activate monocyte C3 receptors, soluble FN does not. Second, stimulation of the basal surface of monocyte plasma membranes by substrate-bound FN activates C3b and C3bi receptors on the apical surface of the plasma membrane, i.e., at sites remote from the segments of membrane in contact with the FN or SAP.
Preoperative intranasal dexmedetomidine versus intranasal ketamine for prevention of emergence agitation after sevoflurane in myringotomy patients: A randomized clinical trial (2017)

Emergence agitation (EA) is characterized by irritability, mental confusion, disorientation, inconsolable crying [1]. It can lead to damage to surgical dressings, possible injury, disconnected cabl...
Lamps and Lighting (1996)

Part I: Light * Vision * Colour * Measurements * Part II: Radiation and Light production * Lamp materials * Phosphors * Incandescent lamps * Tungsten halogen lamps * Fluorescent lamps * Electrodeless lamps * Low pressure sodium lamps * High pressure sodium discharge lamps * Mercury lamps * Metal halide lamps * Electroluminescence * Electrical and electronic circuits * Part III: Luminaires * Daylighting * Electric lighting systems * Interior lighting * Floodlighting * Road lighting * Appendix 1 * Appendix 2 * References * Index.
Distributed Receding Horizon Control With Application to Multi-Vehicle Formation Stabilization (2004)

We consider the control of interacting subsystems whose dynamics and constraints are uncoupled, but whose state vectors are coupled non-separably in a single centralized cost function of a finite horizon optimal control problem.For a given centralized cost structure, we generate distributed optimal control problems for each subsystem and establish that the distributed receding horizon implementation is asymptotically stabilizing.The communication requirements between subsystems with coupling in the cost function are that each subsystem obtain the previous optimal control trajectory of those subsystems at each receding horizon update.The key requirements for stability are that each distributed optimal control not deviate too far from the previous optimal control, and that the receding horizon updates happen sufficiently fast.The theory is applied in simulation for stabilization of a formation of vehicles.
Results of the Precise Orbit Determination Experiment with ADEOS-II (2004)

At the last symposium, we reported that the accuracy within a few meters was achieved using linear combination data of carrier phase data and pseudorange data of ADEOS-II (Advanced Earth Observation Satellite II) [1]. Our subsequent analysis revealed that there was an offset of about 4m between the orbit determined by linear combination of carrier phase and pseudorange and the orbit determined by SLR data. We investigated a lot of possible causes and finally found that there was 1ms difference in the internal processing of the GPS receiver (GPSR) between the time tag of pseudorange and of carrier phase. This time difference of 1ms is just equivalent to 7.5m, when it is converted into the position of the satellite, which is 3.7m in our analysis. The problem here is which time tag has a deviation. Since there was no discrepancy, in the result of orbital determination according to the SLR and carrier phase, we determined that the deviation was generated in pseudorange and corrected pseudorange. As a result of correcting, it succeeded in improving the orbit determination accuracy for ADEOS-II within 39.6cm (RMS: Root Mean Square).
CD4+CD25+ suppressor lymphocytes in the circulation of patients immunized against melanoma antigens. (2003)

Murine studies have suggested that a population of CD4+ T cells expressing the alpha chain of the interleukin (IL)-2 receptor (CD25+) are phenotypically anergic in response to T cell receptor stimulation and can suppress the function of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Recent studies of peripheral lymphocytes from healthy human volunteers have identified a similar population, although little is known about the presence and activity of these cells in patients with cancer and their possible impact on anticancer immunization strategies. Thus, the authors have undertaken these studies in patients with metastatic melanoma undergoing immunizations with known melanoma antigens. CD4+ CD25+, CD4+ CD25-, and a 1:1 ratio of these isolated T cells were stimulated with soluble anti-CD3 antibody in the presence of irradiated T cell-depleted PBMCs, and proliferation was assessed by measuring [3H]thymidine incorporation. In 13 patients, isolated CD4+CD25+ T cells proliferated 68% (+/- 5.8%) less than separately cultured CD4+ CD25- T cells. Moreover, CD4+ CD25+ T cells suppressed the proliferation of an equal number of cocultured CD4+ CD25+ T cells in 11 of 13 patients by an average of 60% (+/- 4.9%). Suppression was not seen at day three of culture and became apparent at days five through nine. The degree of suppression was proportional to the numbers of CD4+ CD25+ T cells. Addition of high-dose IL-2 reversed the hypoproliferative phenotype of the CD4+ CD25+ T cells and abrogated their suppressive function. These studies demonstrate that anergic and functionally suppressive CD4+ CD25+ T cells exist in patients with melanoma undergoing tumor antigen immunization and thus may play a role in modifying the magnitude of the T cell response to immunization.
<title>Shape measurement using phase-shifting speckle interferometry</title> (1992)

To determine the in-plane strain components from the 3-D displacement vector data of a loaded object, its shape has to be known. The phase shifting speckle interferometric system, described in this paper, has been used for both the displacement vector measurements and for the acquisition of the essential shape information. The numerical shape data resulting from the application of a phase shifting technique allows further calculations, e.g. the determination of the object surface normal vector. The shape measurement method (a modified two- illumination-source technique) is discussed and the experimental system is described. An overview of the basic image processing algorithms, involved in the evaluation of the speckle interference patterns, is given. Improved algorithms concerning phase unwrapping and intensity averaging in the case of low light levels are presented more extensively. Results of shape measurements on a metal cube and a glass bottle are shown. The shape measurement error is estimated at 0.1 mm r.m.s.
GAD autoantibody epitope pattern after GAD-alum treatment in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (2011)

GAD-alum injections did not affect binding of GADA to SPS-related epitopes, further supporting the safety of the treatment. There were no changes in GADA epitope specificity to the T1D-related epitopes, except for a temporarily increased binding to one of the tested epitopes.