gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Death associated protein kinase as a potential therapeutic target (2002)

Death associated protein kinase (DAPK) is a calmodulin (CaM)-regulated serine/threonine protein kinase implicated in diverse apoptosis pathways, including those involved in neuronal cell death and tumour suppression. The requirement of DAPK catalytic activity for its proposed cell functions and the validation of protein kinases as therapeutic targets demand that DAPK be examined as a potential therapeutic target in human disease. The relevant placement of DAPK activity in apoptosis pathways is at an early stage of investigation, making its study as a therapeutic target tenuous. However, the current body of knowledge raises the possibility of DAPK as a therapeutic target for diseases characterised by rapid neurodegeneration, such as stroke or traumatic brain injury. The unmet need in these diseases is for an acute treatment schedule that might reduce neuronal loss. Bioavailable inhibitors of DAPK catalytic activity that target the central nervous system have a potential to fill this need. The development of such DAPK inhibitors is now feasible based on the recent emergence of enabling technology and knowledge. These include a quantitative and selective enzyme assay, a high resolution structure of the active catalytic domain and discovery of cell-permeable, low molecular weight inhibitors of CaM kinases that cross the blood-brain barrier. DAPK as a potential therapeutic target for cancer is less attractive due to the incomplete state of knowledge about DAPK and inherent limitations in drug development for the discovery of specific activators of genes downregulated by promoter hypermethylation. This article provides a brief summary of relevant research and the rationale that is at the foundation of this opinion.
In vitro and in vivo characterization of BR96 sFv-PE40. A single-chain immunotoxin fusion protein that cures human breast carcinoma xenografts in athymic mice and rats. (1994)

BR96 sFv-PE40 is a single-chain immunotoxin fusion protein targeted to the Ley Ag, which is expressed in many different human carcinomas as well as in normal gastrointestinal epithelium of humans and certain animals, including athymic rats but not mice. In vitro binding analysis determined that BR96 sFv-PE40 was similar in affinity to BR96 Fab. BR96 sFv-PE40 internalizes rapidly, similar to BR96 IgG. H3396 cells, derived from metastatic human breast carcinoma, have been established as tumor xenografts in estradiol-supplemented athymic mice and rats. H3396 tumor xenografts established in athymic mice (up to 350 mm3) and rats (up to 100 mm3) completely regressed after i.v. administration of BR96 sFv-PE40, given as 0.625 mg/kg (1.975 mg/m2) every 4th day for a total of five doses (mice) or 0.25 mg/kg (1.475 mg/m2) every 4th day for a total of four doses (rats). The tumors remained regressed for the duration of the study (> 85 days post-implant), which represents > 10 doubling times, indicating that the animals were cured. There was no toxicity in rats receiving a curative dose of 0.25 mg/kg, although liver and lung toxicity could be detected at a 16 times higher dose, 4 mg/kg or 23.6 mg/m2. We conclude, therefore, that BR96 sFv-PE40 can cure tumor xenografts at well tolerated doses and also in the presence of Ley expression in normal tissues.
Marx y el humanismo: Notas de una polémica en la filosofía de Sergio Vuskovic (2014)

El ejercicio filosófico de raíz marxista en Chile tiene un capítulo escrito por los intelectuales comunistas de la década del 60 del siglo XX. Uno de ellos, Sergio Vuskovic, se abocó a discutir con las tesis althusserianas que identificaron la teorización de Marx como un antihumanismo teórico. Para oponerse a tal perspectiva, Vuskovic realiza una operación teórica al interior de la obra de Marx con el objetivo de afirmar la categoría de sujeto, así como la interna relación entre ejercicio teórico y praxis socio-histórica.
Berry's phase for coherent states (1987)

We calculate Berry's phase and the Hannay angle for some physically interesting coherent states with the parameters characterising the coherent states taken to be slowly varying.Interestingly, we find that the harmonic oscillator coherent states provide an example for which, although the Hannay angle is zero, Berry's phase is non-zero.
HER-2/ neu and hTERT Cryptic Epitopes as Novel Targets for Broad Spectrum Tumor Immunotherapy (2002)

Tolerance to tumor-nonmutated self proteins represents a major obstacle for successful cancer immunotherapy. Since this tolerance primarily concerns dominant epitopes, we hypothesized that targeting cryptic epitopes that have a low affinity for HLA could be an efficient strategy to breach the tolerance to tumor Ags. Using the P1Y heteroclitic peptide approach, we identified low affinity cryptic HLA-A*0201-restricted epitopes derived from two widely expressed tumor Ags, HER-2/neu and hTERT. The P1Y variants of four HER-2/neu (neu(391), neu(402), neu(466), neu(650))- and two hTERT (hTERT(572) and hTERT(988))-derived low affinity peptides exhibited strong affinity for HLA-A*0201 and stimulated specific CTL from healthy donor PBMCs. These CTL specifically recognized HER-2/neu- and hTERT-expressing tumor cells of various histological origins. In vivo studies showed that HLA-A*0201 transgenic HHD mice vaccinated with the P1Y variant peptides generated CTL that specifically lysed Ag-expressing tumor cells, thus recognizing the cognate endogenous Ags. These results suggest that heteroclitic variants of low affinity, cryptic epitopes of widely expressed tumor Ags may serve as valid tools for tumor immunotherapy.
Self-assembled Ge nanowires grown on Si(113) (1997)

We grew coherent Ge islands on Si(113) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. Atomic force microscopy and reflection high energy electron diffraction were used to examine surface morphology as a function of Ge coverage and growth temperature. The as-grown coherent islands were shaped like wires and formed dense arrays over the entire surface. The islands bounded by {519} facets were elongated in the [332̄] direction and were linearly ordered across steps. The wire-shaped islands formed when Ge coverage was 5–8 monolayers and the growth temperature was 400–500 °C. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscope images confirm that the Ge islands are coherently grown on the Si substrates. The anisotropic shape of the Ge islands was due to an anisotropic strain relief mechanism on Si(113), which had been theoretically predicted. Our findings suggest that the coherent island formation of Ge on Si(113) may be a possible method to fabricate self-assembled Ge nanowires.
Fabrication of Metal Nanowires Using Microcontact Printing (2003)

Microcontact printing (μCP) is a versatile soft-lithographic technique to pattern substrates using an elastomeric stamp. We demonstrate the high-resolution capabilities of this technique for the fabrication of metal nanowires using either subtractive or additive patterning strategies. The subtractive method relies on printing a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) to protect a metal substrate selectively in a wet-chemical etch process. We applied this approach to pattern Au, Ag, Cu, and Pd using eicosanethiol (ECT), and Al by printing hexadecanephosphonic acid (HDPA) as the resist-forming compound. As the etch process has to be selective and reliable, optimization of the etch chemistries is essential to obtain nanowires with excellent lithographic definition. The additive method involves the formation of wire template structures that can direct the electroless deposition (ELD) of a metal on a substrate. One variation of this approach entailed the patterning of a thin Au layer that was printed and etched to initiate ELD of Ag, Cu, and NiWP. Printing a colloidal Pd/Sn catalyst directly onto a substrate constitutes another variation of this patterning strategy. The use of a defined colloidal suspension as the ink, the derivatization of the stamp with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and the pretreatment of the substrate with an amino-functionalized silane were the key elements of this approach, which was demonstrated for the fabrication of NiB and CoP nanowires. Devices with arrays consisting of 400-μm-long wires with 1 μm pitch were produced with these patterning strategies, and wire dimensions of 150−500 nm in width were achieved depending on the fabrication parameters. We have characterized the resulting nanowires using atomic force microscopy (AFM), determined their morphological properties, and addressed their electrical performance.
Variation of electroencephalographic activity during non‐rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep with phase of circadian melatonin rhythm in humans (1997)

1. The circadian pacemaker regulates the timing, structure and consolidation of human sleep. The extent to which this pacemaker affects electroencephalographic (EEG) activity during sleep remains unclear. 2. To investigate this, a total of 1.22 million power spectra were computed from EEGs recorded in seven men (total, 146 sleep episodes; 9 h 20 min each) who participated in a one-month-long protocol in which the sleep-wake cycle was desynchronized from the rhythm of plasma melatonin, which is driven by the circadian pacemaker. 3. In rapid eye movement (REM) sleep a small circadian variation in EEG activity was observed. The nadir of the circadian rhythm of alpha activity (8.25-10.5 Hz) coincided with the end of the interval during which plasma melatonin values were high, i.e. close to the crest of the REM sleep rhythm. 4. In non-REM sleep, variation in EEG activity between 0.25 and 11.5 Hz was primarily dependent on prior sleep time and only slightly affected by circadian phase, such that the lowest values coincided with the phase of melatonin secretion. 5. In the frequency range of sleep spindles, high-amplitude circadian rhythms with opposite phase positions relative to the melatonin rhythm were observed. Low-frequency sleep spindle activity (12.25-13.0 Hz) reached its crest and high-frequency sleep spindle activity (14.25-15.5 Hz) reached its nadir when sleep coincided with the phase of melatonin secretion. 6. These data indicate that the circadian pacemaker induces changes in EEG activity during REM and non-REM sleep. The changes in non-REM sleep EEG spectra are dissimilar from the spectral changes induced by sleep deprivation and exhibit a close temporal association with the melatonin rhythm and the endogenous circadian phase of sleep consolidation.
Chimaeric monoclonal antibodies encoded by the human VH26 gene from naïve transgenic mice display a wide range of antigen‐binding specificities (1996)

To elucidate the molecular basis for the ability of antibodies encoded by the human VH26 heavy-chain variable region gene to react with diverse antigens, we have generated 34 hybridomas secreting chimaeric monoclonal antibodies (human mu heavy chain/mouse light chains) from transgenic mice. The transgenic mice carry an immunoglobulin minilocus containing the human VH26 gene, human DH and JH gene segments, and genes encoding the human C mu region. The minilocus in these animals undergoes functional rearrangement resulting in the production of chimaeric antibodies in which human mu heavy chains utilizing the VH26 gene are paired with mouse kappa or lambda light chains. The hybridomas described in this study were generated from naïve animals and were selected solely on the basis of human mu-chain expression. The antibodies described have covalently attached mouse light chains and are multimeric in structure. The binding properties of the antibodies were examined using a panel of both self- and foreign antigens using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, agglutination or radio-immunoprecipitation assays and immunofluorescence. Chimaeric immunoglobulins from 21 of the 34 hybridoma clones (61.7%) reacted with one or more antigens, of which 13 (38.2%) reacted with more than two antigens. These studies demonstrate that the VH26 gene, in combination with human DH and JH gene segments, and mouse light-chain genes, is able to encode antibodies with a wide range of ligand-binding specificities. These findings have important implications in the context of the possible origins of autoantibodies encoded by VH26 which may play a role in the pathogenesis of a number of autoimmune conditions.
Automatic image stabilizing system by full-digital signal processing (1990)

An automatic image-stabilizing system for camcorders and VCRs utilizing only digital signal processing has been developed. New technologies for this system are (1) the BERP (band extract representative point) matching technique with a small-scale circuit, (2) an adaptive system control algorithm to discriminate moving objects, and (3) suppression of motion vectors due to noise. Calculations show that the motion vector detector requires only 11000 gates, the electronic zoom controller requires only 8500 gates, and only one 8-b field memory is required.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
GATA1, Cytidine Deaminase, and the High Cure Rate of Down Syndrome Children With Acute Megakaryocytic Leukemia (2005)

Down syndrome children with acute megakaryocytic leukemia (AMkL) have higher cure rates than non-Down syndrome acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients treated with cytosine arabinoside (ara-C). Megakaryoblasts from Down syndrome AML patients are more sensitive in vitro to ara-C than cells from non-Down syndrome AML patients. Somatic mutations in the GATA1 transcription factor have been detected exclusively and almost uniformly in Down syndrome AMkL patients, suggesting a potential linkage to the chemotherapy sensitivity of Down syndrome megakaryoblasts. Stable transfection of wild-type GATA1 cDNA into the Down syndrome AMkL cell line CMK resulted in decreased (8- to 17-fold) ara-C sensitivity and a threefold-lower generation of the active ara-C metabolite ara-CTP compared with that for mock-transfected CMK cells. High intracellular levels of uridine arabinoside (ara-U) (an inactive ara-C catabolite generated by cytidine deaminase) and cytidine deaminase transcripts were detected in GATA1-transfected CMK sublines, whereas no ara-U was detected in mock-transfected cells. Cytidine deaminase transcripts were a median 5.1-fold (P = .002) lower in Down syndrome megakaryoblasts (n = 16) than in blast cells from non-Down syndrome patients (n = 56). These results suggest that GATA1 transcriptionally upregulates cytidine deaminase and that the presence or absence of GATA1 mutations in AML blasts likely confers differences in ara-C sensitivities due to effects on cytidine deaminase gene expression, which, in turn, contributes to the high cure rate of Down syndrome AMkL patients.
The Room Temperature Ionic Liquid 1‐Ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate: Electrochemical Couples and Physical Properties (1997)

The room temperature ionic liquid 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate was demonstrated as a versatile electrolyte by examining three representative electrochemical couples: ferrocene and tetrathiafulvalene oxidations and lithium ion reduction. Square‐wave voltammetric data for ferrocene oxidation were fit to a reversible one‐electron process using the algorithm to give a half‐wave potential of 0.490 V vs. Al/Al(III) and a diffusion coefficient of . The two‐electron oxidation of tetrathiafulvalene was reversible and proceeded through two consecutive one‐electron steps; although data collected at lower square‐wave frequencies indicated a slow precipitation of the species. Lithium ion was reduced to lithium metal at a Pt electrode following the addition of water to the electrolyte, whereas lithium ion reduction at an Al wire produced the β‐LiAl alloy. Conductivities and kinematic viscosities of were measured from 20 to 100°C and had values of and , respectively, at 25°C.
Retinoids signal directly to zebrafish endoderm to specify insulin -expressing β-cells (2006)

During vertebrate development, the endodermal germ layer becomes regionalized along its anteroposterior axis to give rise to a variety of organs, including the pancreas. Genetic studies in zebrafish and mice have established that the signaling molecule retinoic acid (RA) plays a crucial role in endoderm patterning and promotes pancreas development. To identify how RA signals to pancreatic progenitors in the endoderm, we have developed a novel cell transplantation technique, using the ability of the SOX32 transcription factor to confer endodermal identity, to selectively target reagents to (or exclude them from) the endodermal germ layer of the zebrafish. We show that RA synthesized in the anterior paraxial mesoderm adjacent to the foregut is necessary for the development of insulin-expressing beta-cells. Conversely, RA receptor function is required in the foregut endoderm for insulin expression, but not in mesoderm or ectoderm. We further show that activation of RA signal transduction in endoderm alone is sufficient to induce insulin expression. Our results reveal that RA is an instructive signal from the mesoderm that directly induces precursors of the endocrine pancreas. These findings suggest that RA will have important applications in the quest to induce islets from stem cells for therapeutic uses.
Wide Range Control of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube Forests: A Comparison Between Fixed and Floating Catalyst CVD Techniques (2012)

Abstract Vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) forests may be used as miniature springs, compliant thermal interfaces, and shock absorbers, and for these and other applications it is vital to understand how to engineer their mechanical properties. Herein is investigated how the diameter and packing density within CNT forests govern their deformation behavior, structural stiffness, and elastic energy absorption properties. The mechanical behavior of low‐density CNT forests grown by fixed catalyst CVD methods and high‐density CNT forests grown by a floating catalyst CVD method are studied by in situ SEM compression testing and tribometer measurements of force‐displacement relationships. Low‐density and small‐diameter CNT columns (fixed catalyst) exhibit large plastic deformation and can be pre‐deformed to act as springs within a specified elastic range, whereas high‐density and large‐diameter CNT columns (floating catalyst) exhibit significant elastic recovery after deformation. In this work the energy absorption capacity of CNT forests is tuned over three orders of magnitude and it is shown that CNT forest density can be tuned over a range of conventional foam materials, but corresponding stiffness is ∼10× higher. It is proposed that the elastic behavior of CNT forests is analogous to open‐cell foams and a simple model is presented. It is also shown that this model can be useful as a first‐order design tool to establish design guidelines for the mechanical properties of CNT forests and selection of the appropriate synthesis method.
Hardware-accelerated from-region visibility using a dual ray space (2001)

In this paper a novel from-region visibility algorithm is described. Its unique properties allow conducting remote walkthroughs in very large virtual environments, without preprocessing and storing prohibitive amounts of visibility information. The algorithm retains its speed and accuracy even when applied to large viewcells. This allows computing from-region visibility on-line, thus eliminating the need for visibility preprocessing. The algorithm utilizes a geometric transform, representing visibility in a two-dimensional space, the dual ray space. Standard rendering hardware is then used for rapidly performing visibility computation. The algorithm is robust and easy to implement, and can trade off between accuracy and speed. We report results from extensive experiments that were conducted on a virtual environment that accurately depicts 160 square kilometers of the city of London.
A novel coupled physics-based electromagnetic model of semiconductor traveling-wave structures for RF and optoelectronic applications (2003)

The design of traveling-wave structures for high-speed analog and digital circuits requires accurate modeling to deal with arbitrary cross-sections, metallic regions with fi-nite conductivity, and semiconductor layers. The presence of such high-conductivity layers can strongly affect the microwave propagation characteristics of quasi-TEM transmission lines; in fact, free carrier screening of the electric field in regions penetrated by the magnetic field can lead to slow-wave behaviour. In the present paper, we present a numerical technique which combines a charge transport model with the quasi-static solution of Maxwell’s equations, thus allowing an accurate and self-consistent evaluation of the quasi-TEM line parameters. The proposed approach is applied to the analysis of a Si-Ge p-i-n raveling-wave photodetector.
A multiwavelength frequency-domain near-infrared cerebral oximeter (1999)

This study tests a multiwavelength frequency-domain near-infrared oximeter (fdNIRS) in an in vitro model of the human brain. The model is a solid plastic structure containing a vascular network perfused with blood in which haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SO2) was measured by co-oximetry, providing a standard for comparison. Plastic shells of varying thickness (0.5-2 cm), with a vascular network of their own and encircling the brain model, were also added to simulate extracranial tissues of the infant, child and adult. The fdNIRS oximeter utilizes frequency-domain technology to monitor phaseshifts at 754 nm, 785 nm and 816 nm relative to a 780 nm reference to derive SO2 through photon transport and Beer-Lambert equations. We found a linear relationship between fdNIRS SO2 and co-oximetry SO2 with excellent correlation (r2 > or = 0.95) that fitted the line of identity in all experiments (n = 7). The bias of fdNIRS oximetry was -2% and the precision was 6%. Blood temperature and fdNIRS source-detector distance did not affect fdNIRS oximetry. Low haemoglobin concentration (6 g dl(-1)) altered the fdNIRS versus co-oximetry line slope and intercept, producing a 15% error at the extremes of SO2. The infant- and child-like shells overlying the brain model did not alter fdNIRS oximetry, whereas the adult-like shell yielded an error as high as 32%. In conclusion, fdNIRS accurately measures SO2 in an in vitro brain model, although low haemoglobin concentration and extracranial tissue of adult thickness influence accuracy.
Adherence of Ureaplasma urealyticum to human erythrocytes (1991)

Ureaplasma urealyticum (four serotypes and two clinical isolates) were metabolically labeled with radioactive methionine to a high specific activity. Labeling allowed the study of the mechanism of adherence to human erythrocytes. The adherence mechanism was complex and partially mediated by proteinaceous surface components. The binding sites on the erythrocytes were partially sensitive to neuraminidase treatment, and adherence was inhibited by glycophorin and dextran sulfate, indicating recognition of sialyl residues and sulfated compounds.
Etomidate Suppresses Adrenocortical Function by Inhibition of 1 lβ-Hydroxylation (1984)

We studied the effect of short term infusion of the imidazole-derived anesthetic agent etomidate on plasma concentrations of ACTH, cortisol, and the cortisol-precursors 11-desoxycortisol and 17-hydroxyprogesterone. During the infusion of etomidate, a significant increase in the peripheral concentration of ACTH occurred, while plasma cortisol concentrations decreased. After the end of the infusion, cortisol concentrations further decreased, while the concentrations of desoxycortisol and 17-hydroxyprogesterone increased. Furthermore, in in vitro experiments with isolated rat pituitary and adrenal cells, etomidate did not affect corticotropin-releasing hormone-induced ACTH secretion from pituitary cells, whereas ACTH-stimulated corticosterone secretion from adrenal cells was inhibited by addition of etomidate in concentrations which occur in plasma during and after infusion of the drug. These results lead to the conclusion that etomidate inhibits adrenal 11 beta-hydroxylation.