gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Analgesic Response to Intravenous Lidocaine in the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain (1996)

This study was performed in order to determine concentration-effect, and graded and quantal dose-response relationships for the clinical administration of intravenous (IV) lidocaine to patients with neuropathic pain. Thirteen patients were administered 500 mg of IV lidocaine at a rate of 8.35 mg/min over 60 min. Visual analog pain scores and venous blood samples were obtained concomitantly at 10 min intervals for 60 min. Blood samples were also obtained for determination of serum and serum water lidocaine concentrations at the onset of analgesia and at the time complete pain relief was attained. Lidocaine concentrations were determined by gas chromatography. Graded dose-response curves were prepared individually and for the group as a whole, and a quantal dose-response curve was prepared for the entire group. The dose-response relationship for IV lidocaine was characterized by large increases in pain relief for concomitant minimal increases in dosage. The difference between the ED50 (372.0 mg) and the ED90 (416.5 mg) was 44.5 mg of lidocaine (5.3 min of infusion). The concentration-effect relationship was also steep with pain scores abruptly decreasing over a range of 0.62 microgram/mL of lidocaine. Interestingly, the free concentration of lidocaine had no better correlation with the onset of analgesia or the attainment of complete analgesia than the serum concentration of lidocaine. This suggests that the mechanism of analgesia to IV lidocaine may not be based upon a conventional concentration-effect relationship. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the analgesic response to IV lidocaine is best characterized by a precipitous "break in pain" over a narrow dosage and concentration range.
Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of an oral platinum complex given daily for 5 days in patients with cancer. (1997)

We recommend JM216 doses of 100 and 120 mg/m2/d x 5 for previously treated and untreated patients, respectively, for phase II trials.
A facile enzymatic synthesis of 5'-(3-sn-phosphatidyl) nucleosides and their antileukemic activities. (1988)

Phospholipase D from Streptomyces effectively catalyzed the transfer reaction of the phosphatidyl residue from 3-sn-phosphatidylcholine to the 5'-hydroxyl group of nuclesides in a two-phase system. Thus, a variety of 5'-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)nucleosides could be readily prepared in high yields by means of this reaction. Among them, phosphatidyl-FUR (3b), phosphatidyl-Ara FC (8b), and phoshatidyl-neplanocin A (12b) each produced a significant increase in the life span mice bearing i.p.-implanted P388 leukemia, being more effective than the parent nucleosides.
Bioactivity of cis and dicis isomers of vitamin A esters. (1992)

In order to declare the accurate vitamin A effectiveness of foodstuffs and synthetic vitamin A preparations, the biological activity of the individual isomers has to be known. Total activity is expressed as all-trans vitamin A equivalents which are calculated by multiplication of analytical content of each isomer with the corresponding biopotency factor. The biological activity of four cis and three or four dicis isomers of vitamin A acetate and palmitate was determined by means of rat vaginal smear assays. The purity of the compounds, the content and isomerisation in stock solutions were checked by HPLC methods prior to their dilution and application to the experimental animals. Based on analytical contents the following activities were found for vitamin A acetate isomers: all-trans 1.00, 13-cis 0.76, 11-cis 0.31, 9-cis 0.19, 7-cis 0.18, 9,13-dicis 0.16, 11,13-dicis 0.18, 9,11-dicis approx. 0.03. The corresponding values for vitamin A palmitate were: all-trans 1.00, 13-cis 0.73, 11-cis 0.34, 9-cis 0.19, 7-cis 0.14, 9,13-dicis 0.21, 11,13-dicis 0.20, 9,11-dicis approx. 0.04, 7,11-dicis approx. 0.12. The vitamin A activity of the cis isomers ranged from about 0.75 for 13-cis to about 0.05 for 9,11-dicis. For the cis series, a biopotency relationship depending on the distance between the beta-ionone ring system and the cis configuration could be observed.
A linear lightwave Benes network (1993)

The authors consider linear lightwave networks with a single waveband that have N inputs, each with a transmitter, and N outputs, each with a receiver, interconnected by optical links, broadcast stars, and wavelength-independent 2*2 switches. The transmitters and receivers can tune to C different wavelengths. The authors describe a rearrangeably nonblocking network that is a modification of the Benes network and uses transmitters that are fixed tuned and switches with two states. The network uses (1+o(1))N/log/sub 2/(N/C) switches, which is shown to be nearly the minimum number. It is also shown that, if C=o(log N), then a rearrangeably nonblocking network requires (1+o(1))Nlog/sub 2/N switches even if the switches have more than two states.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Molecular haplotyping by linking emulsion PCR: analysis of paraoxonase 1 haplotypes and phenotypes (2005)

Linking emulsion PCR (LE-PCR) enables formation of minichromosomes preserving phase information of two polymorphic loci, hence the haplotype. Emulsion PCR confines two amplicons of two linked polymorphic sites on a single template molecule to one aqueous-phase droplet. Linking PCR uses biotinylated, overlapping linking primers to connect these amplicons in the droplet. After LE-PCR, unlinked amplicons are removed on streptavidin-coated magnetic beads and single-stranded runoff products are capped by primer extension. Quantitative ASPCR can then be used to ascertain the haplotypes of the two polymorphic loci on the minichromosomes. Using LE-PCR, we determined the human paraoxonase-1 [PON1] molecular haplotypes at three loci (-909g>c, L55M, Q192R) in women who were compound heterozygotes for -909g>c/L55M (n = 89), -909g>c/Q192R (n = 77) and L55M/Q192R (n = 68). We observed a strong association between PON1 substrate specificity (paraoxon/phenylacetate substrate activity ratios) and -909g>c/Q192R haplotype. We have demonstrated here a powerful molecular haplotyping technology that can be applied in population studies.
The pathophysiology of HOX genes and their role in cancer (2005)

The HOM-C clustered prototype homeobox genes of Drosophila, and their counterparts, the HOX genes in humans, are highly conserved at the genomic level. These master regulators of development continue to be expressed throughout adulthood in various tissues and organs. The physiological and patho-physiological functions of this network of genes are being avidly pursued within the scientific community, but defined roles for them remain elusive. The order of expression of HOX genes within a cluster is co-ordinated during development, so that the 3' genes are expressed more anteriorly and earlier than the 5' genes. Mutations in HOXA13 and HOXD13 are associated with disorders of limb formation such as hand-foot-genital syndrome (HFGS), synpolydactyly (SPD), and brachydactyly. Haematopoietic progenitors express HOX genes in a pattern characteristic of the lineage and stage of differentiation of the cells. In leukaemia, dysregulated HOX gene expression can occur due to chromosomal translocations involving upstream regulators such as the MLL gene, or the fusion of a HOX gene to another gene such as the nucleoporin, NUP98. Recent investigations of HOX gene expression in leukaemia are providing important insights into disease classification and prediction of clinical outcome. Whereas the oncogenic potential of certain HOX genes in leukaemia has already been defined, their role in other neoplasms is currently being studied. Progress has been hampered by the experimental approach used in many studies in which the expression of small subsets of HOX genes was analysed, and complicated by the functional redundancy implicit in the HOX gene system. Attempts to elucidate the function of HOX genes in malignant transformation will be enhanced by a better understanding of their upstream regulators and downstream target genes.
Identification of a Human C5 β‐Chain Epitope Exposed in the Native Complement Component but Concealed in the SC5b‐9 Complex (1988)

Monoclonal antibodies obtained after immunization of mice with human C5 were screened for activity against native C5 and SC5b-9. Clone 568 reacted with the C5 beta-chain in western blotting and with purified native C5 in double antibody enzyme immunoassays. The reactivity of clone 568 against serum decreased markedly when serum was activated with zymosan. The residual activity was found to be against free C5, whereas the antibody did not react at all with the SC5b-9 complex. Thus, the antibody 568 reacts with an activation-dependent C5 epitope, which is concealed when C5 is incorporated into the terminal complement complex.
The role of the androgen receptor in the development and progression of prostate cancer. (1999)

Androgens are essential for the development, growth, and maintenance of the prostate. They exert their effects via the intracellular androgen receptor (AR), which is a ligand-dependent transcription activator. As is the case with normal prostate development, primary prostatic cancers are largely dependent on androgens for growth and survival. Most patients respond favorably to androgen ablation and antiandrogen therapy, which has become a standard treatment of metastatic disease. However, virtually all patients will relapse with clinically defined androgen-independent cancer. This phenomenon raises the question of how cancer cells survive and grow in the low androgen environment? Two of the routes cells can take to adapt are (1) bypassing and (2) sensitizing the AR pathway. The vast numbers of AR abnormalities observed in prostate tumors from patients treated with hormonal therapy suggest that many cells sensitize or change the AR pathway. To continue to activate this pathway in a low androgen environment, cells can (1) mutate the AR to become promiscuously activated by different steroids, (2) amplify the AR, (3) activate the AR in a ligand-independent manner by growth factors and cytokines, or (4) amplify coactivators. Alternatively, prostate cancer cells that have lost AR expression must have bypassed the AR pathway. Activation of oncogenes and autocrine growth factor stimulation are two mechanisms that likely contribute to becoming completely androgen-independent. From all the studies on AR function in prostate cancer, it is clear that the AR plays an important role in cancer development and progression. Moreover, the AR pathway remains important in most cells from patients with clinically defined androgen-independent prostate cancer.
Mouse models of pancreatic cancer (2012)

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal of human malignancies ranking 4th among cancer-related death in the western world and in the United States, and potent therapeutic options are lacking. Although during the last few years there have been important advances in the understanding of the molecular events responsible for the development of pancreatic cancer, currently specific mechanisms of treatment resistance remain poorly understood and new effective systemic drugs need to be developed and probed. In vivo models to study pancreatic cancer and approach this issue remain limited and present different molecular features that must be considered in the studies depending on the purpose to fit special research themes. In the last few years, several genetically engineered mouse models of pancreatic exocrine neoplasia have been developed. These models mimic the disease as they reproduce genetic alterations implicated in the progression of pancreatic cancer. Genetic alterations such as activating mutations in KRas, or TGFb and/or inactivation of tumoral suppressors such as p53, INK4A/ARF BRCA2 and Smad4 are the most common drivers to pancreatic carcinogenesis and have been used to create transgenic mice. These mouse models have a spectrum of pathologic changes, from pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia to lesions that progress histologically culminating in fully invasive and metastatic disease and represent the most useful preclinical model system. These models can characterize the cellular and molecular pathology of pancreatic neoplasia and cancer and constitute the best tool to investigate new therapeutic approaches, chemopreventive and/or anticancer treatments. Here, we review and update the current mouse models that reproduce different stages of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and will have clinical relevance in future pancreatic cancer developments.
Fluorous Synthesis of Disubstituted Pyrimidines (2003)

[reaction: see text] The fluorous synthesis of disubstituted pyrimidines is carried out by attaching 2,4-dichloro-6-methylpyrimidine with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecanethiol. The tagged substrate is substituted with 3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole followed by thioether oxidation and tag displacement with amines or thiols. The fluorous chain serves as a phase tag for intermediate and product purification over FluoroFlash SPE cartridges.
In-depth analysis of chloride treatments for thin-film CdTe solar cells (2016)

CdTe thin-film solar cells are now the main industrially established alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics. These cells remain reliant on the so-called chloride activation step in order to achieve high conversion efficiencies. Here, by comparison of effective and ineffective chloride treatments, we show the main role of the chloride process to be the modification of grain boundaries through chlorine accumulation, which leads an increase in the carrier lifetime. It is also demonstrated that while improvements in fill factor and short circuit current may be achieved through use of the ineffective chlorides, or indeed simple air annealing, voltage improvement is linked directly to chlorine incorporation at the grain boundaries. This suggests that focus on improved or more controlled grain boundary treatments may provide a route to achieving higher cell voltages and thus efficiencies.
Preselective gene therapy for Fabry disease (2001)

Fabry disease is a lipid storage disorder resulting from mutations in the gene encoding the enzyme alpha-galactosidase A (alpha-gal A; EC ). We previously have demonstrated long-term alpha-gal A enzyme correction and lipid reduction mediated by therapeutic ex vivo transduction and transplantation of hematopoietic cells in a mouse model of Fabry disease. We now report marked improvement in the efficiency of this gene-therapy approach. For this study we used a novel bicistronic retroviral vector that engineers expression of both the therapeutic alpha-gal A gene and the human IL-2Ralpha chain (huCD25) gene as a selectable marker. Coexpression of huCD25 allowed selective immunoenrichment (preselection) of a variety of transduced human and murine cells, resulting in enhanced intracellular and secreted alpha-gal A enzyme activities. Of particular significance for clinical applicability, mobilized CD34(+) peripheral blood hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from Fabry patients have low-background huCD25 expression and could be enriched effectively after ex vivo transduction, resulting in increased alpha-gal A activity. We evaluated effects of preselection in the mouse model of Fabry disease. Preselection of transduced Fabry mouse bone marrow cells elevated the level of multilineage gene-corrected hematopoietic cells in the circulation of transplanted animals and improved in vivo enzymatic activity levels in plasma and organs for more than 6 months after both primary and secondary transplantation. These studies demonstrate the potential of using a huCD25-based preselection strategy to enhance the clinical utility of ex vivo hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell gene therapy of Fabry disease and other disorders.
Stranger than Non-Fiction: The Slippery Truth in 'Forbidden Lie$' (2007)

'Forbidden Lie$' is an Australian documentary film directed by Anna Broinowski. The documentary is based on the discredited author of 'Forbidden Love', Norma Khouri, unmasking her as a skilled con woman.
The Arabidopsis HSP18.2 promoter/GUS gene fusion in transgenic Arabidopsis plants: a powerful tool for the isolation of regulatory mutants of the heat‐shock response (1992)

A detailed study of the expression of the promoter of the HSP18.2 gene from Arabidopsis fused to the bacterial gene for β‐glucuronidase (GUS) in transgenic Arabidopsis plants is described. High levels of GUS activity were induced in all organs of transformants except for seeds during heat shock. The optimum temperature for expression of GUS in Arabidopsis was 35°C regardless of the plant growth temperature. Heat shock of 40°C did not induce any detectable levels of GUS activity. Pre‐incubation at 35°C was found to have a protective effect on the induction of GUS activity at 40°C. GUS activity was also increased in response to a gradual increase in temperature. Histochemical analysis revealed that basal levels of GUS activity were induced in the vascular tissue of leaves and sepals, as well as at the tips of carpels, at the normal growth temperature. Heat treatment of a limited part of the plant tissue did not appear to cause systemic induction of GUS activity. To extend the analysis of the plant heat‐shock response, we attempted to screen mutations in genes involved in the regulation of the induction of heat‐shock protein ( HSP ) genes, using the GUS gene as a selection marker in transgenic Arabidopsis plants, and the results of this analysis are described.
The mouse homolog of Drosophila Vasa is required for the development of male germ cells (2000)

Restricted expression of a mouse Vasa homolog gene (Mvh) expression is first detected in primordial germ cells (PGCs) after colonization of the genital ridges. Subsequently, Mvh is maintained until postmeiotic germ cells are formed. Here, we demonstrate that male mice homozygous for a targeted mutation of Mvh exhibit a reproductive deficiency. Male homozygotes produce no sperm in the testes, where premeiotic germ cells cease differentiation by the zygotene stage and undergo apoptotic death. In addition, the proliferation of PGCs that colonize homozygous male gonads is significantly hampered, and OCT-3/4 expression appears to be reduced. These results indicate that the loss of Mvh function causes a deficiency in the proliferation and differentiation of mouse male germ cells.
Rate-Distortion Optimized Transforms Based on the Lloyd-Type Algorithm for Intra Block Coding (2013)

The directional intra prediction (IP) in H.264/AVC and HEVC tends to cause the residue to be anisotropic. To transform the IP residue, Mode Dependent Directional Transform (MDDT) based on Karhunen Loève transform (KLT) can achieve better energy compaction than DCT, with one transform assigned to each prediction mode. However, due to the data variation, different residue blocks with the same IP mode may not have the same statistical properties. Instead of constraining one transform for each IP mode, in this paper, we propose a novel rate-distortion optimized transform (RDOT) scheme which allows a set of specially trained transforms to be available to all modes, and each block can choose its preferred transform to minimize the rate-distortion (RD) cost. We define a cost function which is an estimate of the true RD cost and use the Lloyd-type algorithm (a sequence of transform optimization and data reclassification alternately) to find the optimal set of transforms. The proposed RDOT scheme is implemented in HM9.0 software of HEVC. Experimental results suggest that RDOT effectively achieves 1.6% BD-Rate reduction under the Intra Main condition and 1.6% BD-Rate reduction under the Intra High Efficiency (HE) 10bit condition.
Design and Implementation of a Capacitive-type Microphone with Rigid Diaphragm and Flexible Spring Using the Two Poly Silicon Micromachining Processes (2011)

This study reports the design and implementation of a novel capacitive-type micromachined microphone. The design of the microphone is based on the well-known two poly-Si layers micromachining processes. The microphone consists of a rigid diaphragm (the 2nd poly-Si layer), flexible springs (the 1st ply-Si layer), and rigid back plate (the 1st poly-Si layer). In short, the proposed microphone design has four merits, (1) the rigid diaphragm acting as the acoustic wave receiver and moving electrode is realized using the rib-reinforced poly-Si layer, (2) the flexible spring acting as the electrical routing as well as supporter for diaphragm is implemented using the thin poly-Si film, (3) the electrical routing of rigid diaphragm (moving electrode) is through the central poly-via and the flexible spring, and (4) the rigid plate acting as the stationary electrodes and back plate is fabricated using the high-aspect-ratio (HARM) trench-refilled poly-Si. To demonstrate the feasibility, the two poly-Si microphone has been implemented and tested. Typical measurement results show that the open-circuit sensitivity of the microphone was 12.63 mV/Pa ( -37.97 dBV/Pa) at 1 kHz. (the reference sound-level is 94 dB).
Analysis of Sertoli Cell-Secreted Proteins by Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis (1982)

The [35S]methionine-labeled proteins secreted from cultured Sertoli cells were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and fluorography. Major polypeptides which were resolved by this procedure were designated by number and further analyzed. Many of these major polypeptides appeared as a series of spots which corresponded to charge isomers. Two of these polypeptides (5 and 6) were shown to be acidic, glycosylated and to comprise the subunits of a dimeric protein of molecular weight 70,000. Some of the polypeptides (4a and 5a) were shown to be secreted from testicular peritubular cells which contaminated the Sertoli cell cultures. However, many of the polypeptides (1,2,3,4,5,5b and 6) were specifically secreted from the Sertoli cells. The fluorogram of the secreted polypeptides obtained from cultured Sertoli cells from 20- or 60-day-old rats were similar to each other but differed from the pattern of polypeptides which were secreted from cultures of Sertoli cells from 10-day-old rats. Polypeptide 3 was identified by immunoprecipitation as testicular transferrin and the synthesis of polypeptide 3 was stimulated when the Sertoli cells were cultured in the presence of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), insulin, testosterone and retinol.