gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Emergence of multipotent hemopoietic cells in the yolk sac and paraaortic splanchnopleura in mouse embryos, beginning at 8.5 days postcoitus. (1995)

We show by an in vitro approach that multipotent hemopoietic cells can be detected in the body of the mouse embryo between the stages of 10-25 somites (8.5-9.5 days of gestation)--i.e., prior to liver colonization (28-32 pairs of somites). Interestingly, hemopoietic cells appear in parallel in this location, the paraaortic splanchnopleura, and in the yolk sac, where they represent a new generation by reference to the primitive hemopoietic stem cells. Lymphoid cell clones, which could differentiate into mature B cells, were obtained from yolk sac and paraaortic splanchnopleura cell preparations but not from other tissues of the embryonic body. These B-cell precursors were first detected around the stage of 10 somites; thereafter, their initial minute numbers increased in parallel in the yolk sac and the paraaortic splanchnopleura, suggesting that their emergence in the two sites was simultaneous. By single cell manipulation, we show that these precursors can generate B and T lymphocytes and myeloid cells; these precursors can thus be defined as multipotent hemopoietic cells.
A novel mechanism for telomere size control in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1996)

One of the central requirements for eukaryotic chromosome stability is the maintenance of the simple sequence tracts at telomeres. In this study, we use genetic and physical assays to reveal the nature of a novel mechanism by which telomere length is controlled. This mechanism, telomeric rapid deletion (TRD), is capable of reducing elongated telomeres to wild-type tract length in an apparently single-division process. The deletion of telomeres to wild-type lengths is stimulated by the hpr1 mutation, suggesting that TRD in these cells is the consequence of an intrachromatid pathway. Paradoxically, TRD is also dependent on the lengths of the majority of nonhomologous telomeres in the cell. Defects in the chromatin-organizing protein Sir3p increase the rate of hpr1-induced rapid deletion and specifically change the spectrum of rapid deletion events. We propose a model in which interactions among telosomes of nonhomologous chromosomes form higher order complexes that restrict the access of the intrachromatid recombination machinery to telomeres. This mechanism of size control is distinct from that mediated through telomerase and is likely to maintain telomere length within a narrow distribution.
The inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3β by a metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 mediated pathway confers neuroprotection to Aβ peptides (2005)

Activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (Gsk3beta) has been shown to be a key component in signaling pathways that underlie neurodegeneration and neurodegenerative disease. Conversely, inactivation of Gsk3beta by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt is an important neuroprotective mechanism. Previous studies have shown that agonist activation of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) can increase neuronal survival and prevent apoptosis. However, little is known about the signaling pathways that couple mGluR5 to neuroprotection. In this report, we investigated whether activation of the PI3K/Akt/Gsk3beta pathway, which has been shown to have an important neuroprotective mechanism, is required for mGluR5 activation mediated neuroprotection against beta-amyloid. We found that brief incubations of mouse hippocampal slices with (R,S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) resulted in increased phosphorylation of Akt and Gsk3beta. The PI3K inhibitors, LY294002 and wortmannin, blocked the DHPG-induced increased phosphorylation of Akt and Gsk3beta. Similar results were observed in rat primary hippocampal cultures. Finally, we found that the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 can block (R,S)-2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine (CHPG) mediated neuroprotection against beta-amyloid. Thus, these findings suggest that mGluR5 can modulate the PI3K/Akt/Gsk3beta pathway in the hippocampus, and that modulation of this signaling pathway can reverse beta-amyloid-induced neuronal toxicity.
Classification of QRS pattern by an associative memory model (2003)

A feature-extraction method based on linear prediction for classification of QRS in an associative memory model is described. The feature extraction process converts each QRS pattern to a pulse-code train that describes only -1, 0, and +1 states. In order to recognize the feature of a QRS pattern, a two-layer feedforward neural net model is provided. The model shows the operation of each input node as well as a real neuron's three typical states: resting (0), excitatory (+), and inhibitory (-1). The model performs well for arrhythmia detection.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Platelet-derived growth factor stimulates a biphasic mobilization of arachidonic acid in Swiss 3T3 cells. The role of phospholipase A2. (1993)

Stimulation of quiescent Swiss 3T3 cells with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) increased the initial rate of cytosolic phospholipase A2 activity by 95 +/- 6% over extracts from control cells. Cytosolic phospholipase A2 activity increased rapidly following PDGF treatment (near maximum stimulation by 2.5 min) and was dose-dependent (EC50 = 2 ng/ml). Epidermal growth factor, vasopressin, and phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate also increased cytosolic phospholipase A2 activity but did not produce a sustained mobilization of arachidonic acid in these cells. Detailed kinetic analysis of PDGF-induced arachidonic acid mobilization revealed a biphasic release of 3H radioactivity into the extracellular medium. A first, rapid phase, occurred within 15 min which, like the activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 activity, was independent of de novo RNA and protein synthesis. After 20 min of stimulation, a second phase became evident which accounts for the majority of arachidonic acid mobilized by PDGF. This second phase was abolished in the presence of either cycloheximide or actinomycin D. Both inhibitors blocked the release of arachidonic acid rather than inhibiting cyclooxygenase activity and consequently prostaglandin E2 production. These findings demonstrate a biphasic mobilization of arachidonic acid in Swiss 3T3 cells by PDGF. Cytosolic phospholipase A2 activity could contribute to the rapid first phase but not the second major phase, which is dependent upon de novo protein synthesis.
Inhibition of HIV-1 Infection by the β-Chemokine MDC (1997)

CD8(+) T lymphocytes from individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) secrete a soluble activity that suppresses infection by HIV-1. A protein associated with this activity was purified from the culture supernatant of an immortalized CD8(+) T cell clone and identified as the beta-chemokine macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC). MDC suppressed infection of CD8(+) cell-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells by primary non-syncytium-inducing and syncytium-inducing isolates of HIV-1 and the T cell line-adapted isolate HIV-1IIIB. MDC was expressed in activated, but not resting, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and binds a receptor on activated primary T cells. These observations indicate that beta-chemokines are responsible for a major proportion of HIV-1-specific suppressor activity produced by primary T cells.
Transformation of Tetrahymena thermophila by microinjection of ribosomal RNA genes. (1986)

The ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) of Tetrahymena thermophila macronucleus exist as free linear 21-kilobase molecules that contain replication origins and telomeres. A mutation in this gene confers resistance to the antibiotic paromomycin. We have isolated rDNA from such a mutant (strain p2f), microinjected it into the macronucleus of a sensitive strain, and obtained drug-resistant cells at a frequency of 1-3%. The transformed cells have a distinct and stable phenotype. The rDNA of the transformants contains the expected sequences of the mutant rDNA as determined by oligonucleotide hybridization. rDNA from a different inbred line (C3-368), which contains heteromorphic restriction sites, has also been used for injection, and the results confirm the fact that the injected rDNA is indeed present in the transformants. Injection of rDNA from the C3 strains also increases the transformation frequency 5- to 10-fold and leads to the total replacement of the resident rDNA of the B-inbred strains. This is presumably due to the replication dominance of rDNA from the C3 strains over that of the B strains. Using this method, we have also been able to transform developing cells, at similar frequencies, by microinjecting into the macronuclear anlagen.
Modern Applications of Plasma Etching and Patterning in Silicon Process Technology (1999)

Abstract Besides plasma etching of through‐wafer interconnects in wafer stacks for vertical integration of chips, fabrication of platinum (Pt) electrodes with non‐tapered sidewalls for the storage node in modern memories (DRAMs and FeRAMs) is one of the most challenging tasks of plasma process technology today. This paper describes the achievement of vertical integration of chips by plasma etching of high aspect ratio interchip vias. The etching processes for dielectrics, single crystal silicon, and the organic glue layer were all optimized for minimum reactive ion etching (RIE) lag i.e. for minimum decrease of etch rate with increasing etch depth. Furthermore the fabrication of perfect Pt electrodes for modern DRAMs and FeRAMs is reported. Vertical Pt profiles were achieved by plasma processing with resist mask. In this novel approach, the build‐up of thin redepositions of Pt onto the sidewalls of the resist, obtained as a result of processing in pure Ar plasmas, is utilized to achieve a sidewall steepness of the patterned Pt film which is determined by the steepness of the pre‐etch resist profile. After pattern transfer and resist stripping, the portion of the redepositions protruding above the fabricated storage node was completely removed by chemical mechanical polishing.
Analysis of retinal pigment epithelium integrin expression and adhesion to aged submacular human Bruch's membrane. (2003)

Uncultured aged RPE has low amounts of integrin subunits that form receptors for laminin, fibronectin, and collagens. Culturing up-regulates integrins and promotes more efficient aged RPE attachment to and survival on aged Bruch's membrane.
Genetic variability in progranulin contributes to risk for clinically diagnosed Alzheimer disease (2008)

Our data support a role for PGRN in patients with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer disease (AD). Further, we hypothesize that at least some PGRN missense mutations might lead to loss of functional protein. Whether the underlying pathology in our cases proves to be AD, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, or a combination of the two must await further investigations.
Expression of galectin-1 in malignant tumors. (2009)

Galectin-1 is a 14 kDa lectin expressed ubiquitously in mammalian organism. Since its discovery, the lectin was shown to participate in many cellular processes. Involvement in some of them like induction of apoptosis of activated T cells, mediation of cell adhesion and participation in angiogenesis suggest that galectin-1 could be utilized by malignant tumors. Indeed expression of galectin-1 is upregulated in tumors of different origin. Many examples point to its important role in a process of cancer metastasis. This review summarizes the data available to date on galectin-1 expression in human malignancies.
Radiation‐convertible polymers from norbornenyl derivatives. Crosslinking with ionizing radiation (1970)

Abstract Vinyl polymers with pendant norbornenyl (bicyclo[2.2.1]heptenyl) groups crosslink rapidly on exposure to ionizing radiation. Analysis (according to Charlesby‐Pinner theory) of extraction data from an ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer and the corresponding ethylene–vinyl norbornenecarboxylate copolymer shows that the unsaturated polymer crosslinks by a chain reaction. At low doses, the kinetic chain length is about 4. Pendant norbornenyl groups accelerate crosslinking of a vinyl alcohol–vinyl acetate–vinyl chloride copolymer and convert poly(vinyl alcohols) and cellulose acetate from degrading to crosslinking polymers. A novel application of the Charlesby‐Pinner plot strongly suggests linear dependence of the extent of crosslinking on the norbornenyl group concentration in a series of modified poly(vinyl alcohols). The greater effectiveness of pendant norbornenyl groups, compared to cyclohexenyl groups, demonstrates the importance of the reactivity of the double bond.
Impact of 17P usage on NICU admissions in a managed medicaid population--a five-year review. (2010)

Offering 17P as a benefit does have a positive effect on reducing the rate of recurrent preterm delivery and rate of NICU admission in a managed Medicaid population. There was no decrease in effectiveness with delay in initiation of 17P as long as it was started by 28 weeks of gestation.
Piezoelectric micropump with three valves working peristaltically (1990)

A silicon micropump, provided with piezoelectric valves, which can be manufactured by established integrated circuit techniques is the subject of this report. The micropump can be used to pump liquids or gases to a higher pressure, which can be relieved through a check valve. The body of the pump and the valves are made in silicon and contain piezoelectric material which allows opening and closing of the valves electrically.
Analysis of Cationic-Lipid?Plasmid-DNA Complexes (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVFEATURENEXTAnalysis of Cationic-Lipid?Plasmid-DNA ComplexesC. Russell Middaugh and Joshua D. RamseyCite this: Anal. Chem. 2007, 79, 19, 7240–7248Publication Date (Web):October 1, 2007Publication History Published online1 October 2007Published inissue 1 October 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac0719711https://doi.org/10.1021/ac0719711newsACS Publications. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views559Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (958 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inflammatory microcrystals differentially regulate the secretion of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 and interleukin 8 by human neutrophils: a possible mechanism of neutrophil recruitment to sites of inflammation in synovitis. (1995)

Human neutrophils at inflammatory sites may be an important source of the chemotactic cytokines macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (M1P-1 alpha; a C-C chemokine) and interleukin 8 (IL-8; a C-X-C chemokine). In this study, we show that the inflammatory microcrystals monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) and calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD), the major mediators of gout and pseudogout, differentially regulate the production of these two chemokines by human neutrophils. Both MSU and CPPD increased the secretion of IL-8 by neutrophils in a dose- and time-dependent manner, but had no effect on that of MIP-1 alpha. Since inflammatory cytokines are likely to be present in the synovium during crystal-induced inflammation, we examined the interaction between TNF-alpha and GM-CSF and the crystals. Both TNF-alpha and GM-CSF stimulated IL-8 production; however, only TNF-alpha exerted a significant effect on MIP-1 alpha secretion in neutrophils. IL-8 production induced by TNF-alpha and GM-CSF was synergistically enhanced in the presence of MSU or CPPD, whereas MIP-1 alpha secretion induced by TNF was completely inhibited in the presence of either MSU or CPPD. Interestingly, no interaction between the crystals and the inflammatory cytokines was observed with respect to synthesis of the C-X-C chemokine MGSA in neutrophils. These results suggest that the combination of TNF-alpha and GM-CSF with MSU or CPPD will lead to the production of IL-8 by neutrophils and abolish the release of MIP-1 alpha, an event that will theoretically lead to recruitment of neutrophils but not mononuclear cells. These results are in accordance with the pathological state of gout and pseudogout, where the predominant inflammatory cell is the neutrophil.
A VLSI interval router for high-speed networks (2002)

In this work, a VLSI wormhole router for scalable high-speed networks including 2-D mesh, nearest-neighbor, and n-cube interconnected networks has been developed and implemented. The router is deadlock-free and guarantees to form the shortest paths. This VLSI router has been implemented and fabricated by using 1.2 /spl mu/ CMOS4S standard cell library consisting of 65,000 gates. The performance of the VLSI router is measured and modeled.
Plerixafor enables safe, rapid, efficient mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells in sickle cell disease patients after exchange transfusion (2018)

Sickle cell disease is characterized by chronic anemia and vaso-occlusive crises, which eventually lead to multi-organ damage and premature death. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only curative treatment but it is limited by toxicity and poor availability of HLA-compatible donors. A gene therapy approach based on the autologous transplantation of lentiviral-corrected hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells was shown to be efficacious in one patient. However, alterations of the bone marrow environment and properties of the red blood cells hamper the harvesting and immunoselection of patients' stem cells from bone marrow. The use of Filgrastim to mobilize large numbers of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells into the circulation has been associated with severe adverse events in sickle cell patients. Thus, broader application of the gene therapy approach requires the development of alternative mobilization methods. We set up a phase I/II clinical trial whose primary objective was to assess the safety of a single injection of Plerixafor in sickle cell patients undergoing red blood cell exchange to decrease the hemoglobin S level to below 30%. The secondary objective was to measure the efficiency of mobilization and isolation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. No adverse events were observed. Large numbers of CD34<sup>+</sup> cells were mobilized extremely quickly. Importantly, the mobilized cells contained high numbers of hematopoietic stem cells, expressed high levels of stemness genes, and engrafted very efficiently in immunodeficient mice. Thus, Plerixafor can be safely used to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells in sickle cell patients; this finding opens up new avenues for treatment approaches based on gene addition and genome editing. <i>Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02212535</i>.
Cardiac and vascular morbidity in women receiving adjuvant tamoxifen for breast cancer in a randomised trial (1995)

Our results provide further evidence that tamoxifen reduces the risk of myocardial infarction. Thromboembolic events should be carefully monitored in trials of tamoxifen, particularly those of prophylactic treatment, in which tamoxifen is given to healthy women.
Synthesis and characterization of dextran grafted with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N,N-dimethyl-acrylamide) (2000)

Graft copolymers consisting of dextran as a main chain and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (poly(NIPAAm-co-DMAAm)) as graft chains were synthesized. For the synthesis of the graft copolymers, a semitelechelic poly(NIPAAm-co-DMAAm) with an amino end-group was obtained by radical copolymerization with ethanethiol as a chain transfer agent, followed by a coupling reaction of its hydroxyl end-group with ethylenediamine. Graft copolymers with various length of the grafts were obtained from coupling reactions between carboxymethyl dextran and poly-(NIPAAm-co-DMAAm) in the presence of a water-soluble carbodiimide. The graft copolymers in phosphate buffer exhibit lower critical solution temperatures due to thermosensitivity of their grafts. There is no significant change in the hydration-dehydration behavior of the poly(NIPAAm-co-DMAAm) chain after the grafting reaction. The existence of such grafts in dextran may play an important role for modulated degradation in synchronization with temperature.
Synthetic Signals for Ubiquitin-Dependent Proteolysis (1995)

Short-lived proteins are targeted for turnover by sequence elements known as degradation signals. Because of the large size and heterogeneity of these signals, the structural features important for their function are not well defined. In this study, we have isolated three classes of degradation signals by screening short artificial sequences for the ability to destabilize a reporter protein. Class I and class II signals were derived by inserting random nonapeptide sequences after the second residue of beta-galactosidase. Class III signals contained five-residue homopolymers at the same position. Class I beta-galactosidase turnover was inhibited in mutants lacking either the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ubc2 or the ubiquitin protein ligase Ubr1. Class I random inserts functioned to promote N-terminal proteolytic processing and define a novel pathway for exposure of residues that are destabilizing according to the N-end rule. Efficient degradation of proteins containing class II signals required at least three Ubc enzymes: Ubc6, Ubc7, and either one of the related enzymes Ubc4 and Ubc5. Analysis of 56 amino acid substitutions in the class II signal suggested that it is recognized in the form of an amphipathic alpha helix. Class III signals consisted of short tracts of hydrophobic residues such as Leu and Ile. Degradation of class III proteins involved the Ubc4 and Ubc5 enzymes but not Ubc2, Ubc6, or Ubc7. Clusters of hydrophobic residues appear to be critical for the recognition of both class II and class III signals.
Botulinum G neurotoxin cleaves VAMP/synaptobrevin at a single Ala-Ala peptide bond. (1994)

Similarly to other serotypes, botulinum neurotoxin serotype G (BoNT/G) contains the zinc binding motif of zinc endopeptidases. Highly purified preparations of BoNT/G show a zinc-dependent protease activity specific for VAMP/synaptobrevin, a membrane protein of synaptic vesicles. The two neuronal VAMP isoforms are cleaved with similar rates at one Ala-Ala peptide bond present in the same region, out of the several such peptide bonds present in their sequences. This site of cleavage is unique among the eight clostridial neurotoxins. VAMP proteolysis is displayed only after reduction of the single interchain disulfide bond present in the toxin, and it is inhibited by EDTA, o-phenanthroline and captopril.