gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Asthma caused by bromelin inhalation (1978)

Two cases are reported of bronchial asthma caused by inhalation of bromelin, a proteolytic enzyme utilized in some anti-inflammatory medicine. Prick test results with bromelin extract were positive. Inhalation tests gave immediate reactions which were blocked by sodium cromoglycate, but not corticosteroids.
Erythropoietin receptors induced by dimethyl sulfoxide exhibit positive cooperativity associated with an amplified biologic response. (1991)

Erythropoietin triggers the differentiation of erythrocyte progenitors by binding to receptors on their plasma membrane. We report here that pretreatment of erythropoietin-responsive murine erythroleukemia cells with chemical inducers resulted in a striking increase in erythropoietin-specific hemoglobinization. This amplification of the erythropoietin biologic response was accompanied by the induction of a new population of high-density receptors (approximately 20,000 per cell) exhibiting marked positive cooperativity. Erythropoietin binding to new receptors displayed a convex upward Scatchard plot and a Hill coefficient (nH) of 6.75. Measurement of erythropoietin receptor mRNA demonstrated an initial decrease in receptor transcript followed by an approximately 2- to 3-fold increase after 24-48 hr. This increase in receptor message does not appear to account for the magnitude of the receptor up-regulation by dimethyl sulfoxide. We propose that this positive cooperativity reflects the interaction (clustering) of receptors, presumably through the formation of homooligomers or heterooligomers, and that this receptor interaction may amplify the erythropoietin signal transduction pathway.
Some Diels-Alder Reactions of 2-Phenyl-1,3-butadiene (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome Diels-Alder Reactions of 2-Phenyl-1,3-butadieneJohn S. Meek, Raymond T. Merrow, David E. Ramey, and Stanley J. CristolCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 12, 5563–5565Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01156a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01156a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views288Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
328 VERSATILE TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATOR-LIKE EFFECTOR NUCLEASE (TALEN)-MEDIATED ENGINEERING OF OSSABAW MINIATURE SWINE (2012)

Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN) are programmable nucleases that join the modular DNA-binding domain of transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors with FokI endonuclease. TALEN-induced double-strand breaks can be used for gene inactivation via repair by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) or to stimulate homologous recombination with a user-specified template to create custom-designed disease alleles. Transfection of multiple TALEN pairs targeting the same chromosome can also produce chromosomal rearrangements such as large inversions and deletions. As genetic modification of primary pig fibroblast followed by cloning is the primary method used to generate transgenic swine, we tested our capacity to mimic multiple common mutation types in primary fibroblasts using TALEN. Either plasmids or mRNA encoding TALEN was transfected into 500 000 to 750 000 fibroblasts by nucleofection followed by 3 days of culture at 30°C before analysis of activity. With this approach, we found that over 65% of custom-designed TALEN displayed activity in pig fibroblasts with typical percentage of indel positive chromosomes ranging from 20 to 45%. Individual clones were derived by either co-selection with an unlinked selection transposon or by dilution cloning. Colonies with mono- and biallelic modification to the target loci were readily identified (up to 84 and 24%, respectively) and could be accomplished without the aid of selection. Co-transfection of 2 TALEN pairs directed to the same chromosome resulted in deletion or inversion of the intervening sequence in 10 and 4% of isolated colonies, respectively. In addition, co-transfection of TALEN with a homologous repair template enabled precise insertion of a novel restriction site in nearly 40% of treated cells, 3% of which were homozygous (n = 184 colonies). To prove that modified cells were suitable for generation of animals, we pooled several colonies of Ossabaw fibroblasts harboring TALEN-induced frame-shift mutations in the swine low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and used them as nuclear donors for cloning. Pregnancy was established in 7/9 transfers (100–150 embryos per transfer), and 6 pregnancies were carried to term, resulting in the live birth of 18 piglets. Three monoallelic frame-shift genotypes were observed among 9 piglets; as expected, each genotype was represented in the parental cell pool. The remaining 9 animals displayed an identical biallelic mutant genotype and are being investigated as a knockout model of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Finally, fibroblasts homozygous for a specified inactivating mutation were created by allele introgression and were cloned, demonstrating that gene editing can be used to create precise swine knock-ins in a single generation.
A real-time transport protocol for image-based rendering over heterogeneous wireless networks (2005)

With the recent development of wireless communications and multimedia systems, 3D image-based scenes with photo-realistic rendered images and rendering performance have recently received a great deal of interests.In this paper, we focus upon 3D scenes streaming over heterogeneous wireless communication networks, and we propose a real-time transport protocol for streaming 3D scenes based rendered by image morphing. Our approach is based upon 2D images (i.e., subfunction of plenoptic function) which are taken as a representation of 3D scenes while the view morphing is used to render new images. Based on these assumptions, we have designed the real-time transport protocol (RTP) payload format and packetization schemes for streaming 3D image-based scenes. Furtheremore, in order to enhance the robutness of our streaming mechanism, a special packetization scheme has been developed and a feedback mechanism is proposed to deal wih the drastic changes of the wireless network bandwidth using a periodic feedback schema within the Real-time Control Protocol (RTCP).We discuss our proposed protocol and present an extensive set of simulation experiments to evaluate the performance of our protocol using a variery of real world senarios.
RO1138452 and RO3244794: characterization of structurally distinct, potent and selective IP (prostacyclin) receptor antagonists (2005)

Prostacyclin (PGI2) possesses various physiological functions, including modulation of nociception, inflammation and cardiovascular activity. Elucidation of these functions has been hampered by the absence of selective IP receptor antagonists. Two structurally distinct series of IP receptor antagonists have been developed: 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-[4-(4-isopropoxy-benzyl)-phenyl]-amine (RO1138452) and R-3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-2-[5-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-benzofuran-2-ylmethoxycarbonylamino]-propionic acid (RO3244794).RO1138452 and RO3244794 display high affinity for IP receptors. In human platelets, the receptor affinities (pKi) were 9.3 +/- 0.1 and 7.7 +/- 0.03, respectively; in a recombinant IP receptor system, pKi values were 8.7 +/- 0.06 and 6.9 +/- 0.1, respectively. Functional antagonism of RO1138452 and RO3244794 was studied by measuring inhibition of carbaprostacyclin-induced cAMP accumulation in CHO-K1 cells stably expressing the human IP receptor. The antagonist affinities (pKi) of RO1138452 and RO3244794 were 9.0 +/- 0.06 and 8.5 +/- 0.11, respectively. Selectivity profiles for RO1138452 and RO3244794 were determined via a panel of receptor binding and enzyme assays. RO1138452 displayed affinity at I2 (8.3) and PAF (7.9) receptors, while RO3244794 was highly selective for the IP receptor: pKi values for EP1 (< 5), EP3 (5.38), EP4 (5.74) and TP (5.09). RO1138452 (1-10 mg kg(-1), i.v.) and RO3244794 (1-30 mg kg(-1), i.v.) significantly reduced acetic acid-induced abdominal constrictions. RO1138452 (3-100 mg kg(-1), p.o.) and RO3244794 (0.3-30 mg kg(-1), p.o.) significantly reduced carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia and edema formation. RO3244794 (1 and 10 mg kg(-1), p.o.) also significantly reduced chronic joint discomfort induced by monoiodoacetate. These data suggest that RO1138452 and RO3244794 are potent and selective antagonists for both human and rat IP receptors and that they possess analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential.
Characterization of Planar Semipolar Gallium Nitride Films on Sapphire Substrates (2006)

Specular, planar semipolar gallium nitride films were grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy. Planar films of (1013) and (1122) GaN have been grown on (1010) m-plane sapphire. The in-plane epitaxial relationship for (1013) GaN was [3032]GaN ∥[1210]sapphire and [1210]GaN ∥[0001]sapphire. The in-plane epitaxial relationship for (1122) GaN was [1121]GaN ∥[0001]sapphire and [1100]GaN ∥[1210]sapphire. The (1013) films were determined to have N-face sense polarity and a threading dislocation density of 9×108 cm-2. The (1122) films have Ga-face sense polarity and have a threading dislocation density of 2×1010 cm-2. The basal plane stacking fault density was 2 ×105 cm-1 for both orientations. The RMS roughness of the films was under 10 nm for a 5 ×5 µm2 area.
Age-Associated Accumulation of the Apolipoprotein C-III Gene T-455C Polymorphism C Allele in a Russian Population (2001)

Apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) is the major component of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. One of six identified polymorphisms in the apoC-III 5'-untranslated region (T-455C) is located within a functional insulin-response element. In a group of 137 elderly individuals (70-106 years old), the allele distribution was analyzed using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Statistical analysis of allele frequencies was performed on subgroups selected by age and in elderly patients with arterial hypertension or ischemic heart disease. A greater frequency of the apoC-III -455C allele was demonstrated with aging (p < .005). No statistically significant difference in allele distributions was detected between healthy subjects and groups of elderly patients of the same age with either ischemic heart disease or arterial hypertension. The increased incidence of the C allele with advanced age indicates that this variant promoter is associated with longevity. The greater incidence of this allele is detectable only in adults older than 80 years of age.
Cardiac Effects of Vasopressin (2014)

Vasopressin is an essential hormone involved in the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis. It has been in use therapeutically for many decades, with an emphasis on its vasoconstrictive and antidiuretic properties. However, this hormone has a ubiquitous influence and has specific effects on the heart. Although difficult to separate from its powerful vascular effects in the clinical setting, a better understanding of vasopressin's direct cardiac effects could lead to its more effective clinical use for a variety of shock states by maximizing its therapeutic benefit. The cardiac-specific effects of vasopressin are complex and require further elucidation. Complicating our understanding include the various receptors and secondary messengers involved in vasopressin's effects, which may lead to various results based on differing doses and varying environmental conditions. Thus, there have been contradictory reports on vasopressin's action on the coronary vasculature and on its effect on inotropy. However, beneficial results have been found and warrant further study to expand the potential therapeutic role of vasopressin. This review outlines the effect of vasopressin on the coronary vasculature, cardiac contractility, and on hypertrophy and cardioprotection. These cardiac-specific effects of vasopressin represent an interesting area for further study for potentially important therapeutic benefits.
Nanoscale patterning controls inorganic–membrane interface structure (2010)

The ability to non-destructively integrate inorganic structures into or through biological membranes is essential to realizing full bio-inorganic integration, including arrayed on-chip patch-clamps, drug delivery, and biosensors. Here we explore the role of nanoscale patterning on the strength of biomembrane-inorganic interfaces. AFM measurements show that inorganic probes functionalized with hydrophobic bands with thicknesses complimentary to the hydrophobic lipid bilayer core exhibit strong attachment in the bilayer. As hydrophobic band thickness increases to 2-3 times the bilayer core the interfacial strength decreases, comparable to homogeneously hydrophobic probes. Analytical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations predict a transition between a 'fused' interface and a 'T-junction' that matches the experimental results, showing lipid disorder and defect formation for thicker bands. These results show that matching biological length scales leads to more intimate bio-inorganic junctions, enabling rational design of non-destructive membrane interfaces.
Purification and characterization of a low molecular weight xylanase from solid-state cultures of Aspergillus fumigatus Fresenius (1999)

A xylan-degrading enzyme (xylanase II) was purified to apparent homogeneity from solid-state cultures of Aspergillus fumigatus Fresenius. The molecular weight of xylanase II was found to be 19 and 8.5 kDa, as estimated by SDS-PAGE and gel filtration on FPLC, respectively. The purified enzyme was most active at 55 °C and pH 5.5. It was specific to xylan. The apparent Km and Vmax values on soluble and insoluble xylans from oat spelt and birchwood showed that xylanase II was most active on soluble birchwood xylan. Studies on hydrolysis products of various xylans and xylooligomers by xylanase II on HPLC showed that the enzyme released a range of products from xylobiose to xylohexaose, with a small amount of xylose from xylooligomers, and presented transferase activity.
Conjugation of a Magainin Analogue with Lipophilic Acids Controls Hydrophobicity, Solution Assembly, and Cell Selectivity (2002)

Our basic understanding of how to combat fungal infections has not kept pace with the recent sharp rise in life-threatening cases found particularly among immuno-compromised individuals. Current investigations for new potential antifungal agents have focused on antimicrobial peptides, which are used as a cell-free defense mechanism in all organisms. Unfortunately, despite their high antibacterial activity, most of them are not active toward fungi, the reason of which is not clear. Here, we present a new approach to modify an antibacterial peptide, a magainin analogue, to display antifungal activity by its conjugation with lipophilic acids. This approach has the advantage of producing well-defined changes in hydrophobicity, secondary structure, and self-association. These modifications were characterized in solution at physiological concentrations using CD spectroscopy, tryptophan fluorescence, and analytical ultracentrifugation. In order of increasing hydrophobicity, the attachment to the magainin-2 analogue of (i) heptanoic acid results in a monomeric, unordered structure, (ii) undecanoic acid yields concentration-dependent oligomers of alpha helices, and (iii) palmitic acid yields concentration-independent alpha-helical monomers, a novel lipopeptide structure, which is resistant to proteolytic digestion. Membrane-lipopeptide interactions and the membrane-bound structures were studied using fluorescence and ATR-FTIR in PC/PE/PI/ergosterol (5/2.5/2.5/1, w/w) SUV, which constitute the major components of Candida albicans bilayers. A direct correlation was found between oligomerization of the lipopeptides in solution and potent antifungal activity. These results provide insight to a new approach of modulating hydrophobicity and self-assembly of antimicrobial peptides in solution, without altering the sequence of the peptidic chain. These studies also provide a general means of developing a new group of lipopeptide candidates as therapeutic agents against fungal infections.
Some Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Patellar Tendon Allografts (1991)

The purpose of this study was to investigate possible causes for altered mechanical properties of patellar tendon allografts, used for reconstructive surgery, after sterilization with 2.0 Mrads gamma irradiation. The tissues were analyzed using a Hydrothermal Isometric Tension (HIT) device in conjunction with biochemical assays of soluble collagen and electron microscopy to understand the action of this processing. Gamma irradiation was found to significantly lower the shrinkage temperature and tended to increase the rate of isometric tension development. While no significant alteration in the acetic acid solubility was noted, the processing doubled the solubility of collagen to pepsin. This could mean that the predominant effect of the gamma irradiation at this dose level is polypeptide chain scission. The stiffening of the HIT curve may suggest some minor cross linking also occurred. The damaging effect of gamma irradiation, however, was not significant enough to cause any major disruption of the normal banding pattern in collagen. These data support earlier biomechanical data showing that using current processing methods, 2.0 Mrads of gamma irradiation sterilization significantly decreases the tensile strength and modulus of human patellar tendon graft tissues.
N-Acetylcysteine in Chronic Blepharitis (2002)

NAC is thought to increase FBUT and improve mucous fern pattern by blocking lipid peroxidation in chronic blepharitis.
An inhibitor of neurite outgrowth produced by astrocytes (1994)

We have produced a number of astrocytic cell lines, some of which promote abundant neurite outgrowth, some of which are poor promoters of neurite outgrowth. The critical difference between these lines lies in the extracellular matrix, cell lines that are good promoters of axon growth producing a matrix that promotes axon growth, cell lines that are poor promoters of axon growth producing a non-permissive matrix. We were unable to find any consistent correlations between promotion of axon growth and production of proteases, protease inhibitors, N-cadherin, growth cone collapsing activity, and several extracellular matrix molecules. In the present study we have compared the least permissive of our cell lines, Neu7, with the most permissive, A7. Medium conditioned by the cell lines has the same properties as the matrix, since dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) grown in conditioned medium from the Neu7 line grow axons poorly, while DRGs grown in medium conditioned by A7 or primary astrocytes grow many long axons. Since matrix produced by all the cell lines contains large amounts of laminin, we looked to see whether the cells were producing laminin-blocking activity. Medium from the Neu7 line blocked laminin, while that from the A7 and primary astrocytes did not. However, when the conditioned media were heat-treated to remove neurite-promoting activity, they all had laminin-blocking activity: the blocking activity is heat stable. The neurite-promoting properties of the conditioned media therefore probably reflect a balance between promoting molecules and blockers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Developability of Biotherapeutics (2015)

Biopharmaceuticals are emerging as frontline medicines to combat several life-threatening and chronic diseases. However, such medicines are expensive to develop and produce on a commercial scale, contributing to rising healthcare costs. Developability of Biotherapeutics: Computational Approaches describes applications of computational and molecular
The secretion leader of Mucor pusillus rennin which possesses an artificial Lys-Arg sequence directs the secretion of mature human growth hormone by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1991)

The prepro-peptide of fungal aspartic proteinase, Mucor pusillus rennin, is useful as a secretion leader for efficient secretion of human growth hormone (HGH) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. For secretion by yeast cells of HGH with the same NH2 terminus as native HGH, an artificial Lys-Arg linker, which is one of the potential KEX2 recognition sequences, was introduced at the junction between the M. pusillus rennin secretion leader and mature HGH. The HGH directed by this construction was the same size as native HGH, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and amino acid sequencing of its NH2 terminus revealed that the secretion leader peptide was removed correctly at the COOH-terminal side of the Lys-Arg linker. On the other hand, when the same plasmid was expressed in a kex2 mutant strain, unprocessed HGH of a higher molecular weight was secreted, indicating that no proteolytic cleavage at the Lys-Arg site occurred. These results clearly showed that the leader peptide with the Lys-Arg linker was recognized and specifically cleaved by the yeast KEX2 protease. The mature HGH purified from yeast culture medium was indistinguishable from native HGH in biological activity, determined by the adipocyte conversion assay, and in secondary structure, determined by circular dichroism spectroscopy.
Global response approximation with radial basis functions (2006)

In this article, a study is performed on the accuracy of radial basis functions (RBFs) in creating global metamodels for both low- and high-order nonlinear responses. The response surface methodology (RSM), which typically uses linear or quadratic polynomials, is inappropriate for creating global models for highly nonlinear responses. The RBF, on the other hand, has been shown to be accurate for highly nonlinear responses when the sample size is large. However, for most complex engineering applications only limited numbers of samples can be afforded; it is desirable to know whether the RBF is appropriate in this situation, especially when the augmented RBF has to be used. Because the types of true responses are typically unknown a priori, it is essential for high-fidelity metamodeling to have an RBF or RBFs that are appropriate for linear, quadratic, and higher-order responses. To this end, this study compares a variety of existing basis functions in both non-augmented and augmented forms with various types of responses and limited numbers of samples. This article shows that the augmented RBF models created by Wu’s compactly supported functions are the most accurate for the various test functions used in this study.