gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Majorana end states in multiband microstructures with Rashba spin-orbit coupling (2011)

A recent work [Potter and Lee, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 227003 (2010)] demonstrated, for an ideal spinless $p+\mathit{ip}$ superconductor, that Majorana end states can be realized outside the strict one-dimensional limit, so long as (1) the sample width does not greatly exceed the superconducting coherence length and (2) an odd number of transverse subbands are occupied. Here we extend this analysis to the case of an effective $p+\mathit{ip}$ superconductor engineered from a Rashba spin-orbit-coupled surface with induced magnetization and superconductivity, and find a number of additional features. Specifically, we find that finite-size quantization allows Majorana end states even when the chemical potential is outside of the induced Zeeman gap where the bulk material would not be topological. This is relevant to proposals utilizing semiconducting quantum wires; however, we also find that the bulk energy gap is substantially reduced if the induced magnetization is too large. We next consider a slightly different geometry, and show that Majorana end states can be created at the ends of ferromagnetic domains. Finally, we consider the case of meandering edges and find, surprisingly, that the existence of well-defined transverse subbands is not necessary for the formation of robust Majorana end states.
Induction and Measurement of In Vivo Antibody Responses (1991)

The capacity of the human immune system to mount an antibody response following in vivo immunization with a protein or polysaccharide antigen is a revealing indication of the overall integrity of both the B and T cell arms of the immune system. As such, in vivo immunization followed by measurement of the antibody response is an appropriate test of immune function in the various acquired and congenital immunodeficiencies and in a host of other conditions affecting the immune system. This unit describes procedures for in vivo immunization and for the measurement of the subsequent immune response using an ELISA technique.
DAGON: technology binding and local optimization by DAG matching (1987)

Technology binding is the process of mapping a technology independent description of a circuit into a particular technology. This paper outlines a formalism of this problem and offers a solution to the problem in terms of matching patterns, describing technology specific cells and optimizations, against a technology independent circuit represented as a directed acyclic graph. This solution is implemented in DAGON. DAGON rests on a firm algorithmic foundation, and is able to guarantee locally optimal matches against a set of over three thousand patterns. DAGON is an integral part of a synthesis system that has been found to provide industrial quality solutions to real circuit design problems.
Cloning of cDNA and genomic DNA for human cytochrome P‐45011β (1990)

A full-length cDNA clone encoding steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase (P-45011 beta) has been isolated from a cDNA library derived from human adrenal tumor. The insert of the clone contains an open reading frame encoding a protein of 503 amino acid residues together with a 4 bp 5'-untranslated region and a 576 bp 3'-untranslated region to which a poly(A) tract is attached. The promoter region of the P-450(11) beta gene has also been isolated from a genomic library derived from human pre-B cells. It contains a TATA box, a putative cAMP-responsive element, several repeated sequences and two sequence elements similar to the consensus sequence for binding of AP-1. A transient expression assay in Y-1 adrenal tumor cells demonstrates that the promoter activity is remarkably enhanced by treatment of the cells with cAMP. In addition, analysis using deletion mutants containing various lengths of the 5'-flanking region of the gene suggests that several cis-acting elements participate in transcriptional regulation of human P-450(11) beta gene.
STUDIES OF MARINE PLANKTONIC DIATOMS: I. CYCLOTELLA NANA HUSTEDT, AND DETONULA CONFERVACEA (CLEVE) GRAN. (1962)

Bacteria-free clones of the small centric diatom Cyclotella nana Hustedt were isolated, three from estuarine localities, one from Continental Shelf waters, and one from the Sargasso Sea. Detonula confervacea was isolated from Narragansett Bay. Morphology of all clones was studied with the light and electron microscopes. Morphological differences between clones of C. nana do not at present warrant separating any as distinct species.Clones of C. nana require only vitamin B 12 ; D. confervacea has no vitamin requirement.Growth of the estuarine clones of C. nana was unaffected by salinity down to 0.5‰ and increased with temperature to 25 °C. The Shelf clone grew more rapidly at salinities above 8‰ and at temperatures between 10° and 20 °C. The Sargasso Sea clone did not survive below 15 °C or 17.5‰, while D. confervacea did not survive at temperatures above 15° or at salinities below 8‰. The physiological differences between clones correspond roughly to the conditions obtaining in nature where each was collected.
Inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor growth by SCH221153, a dual alpha(v)beta3 and alpha(v)beta5 integrin receptor antagonist. (2001)

New blood vessel formation is essential for tumor growth and metastatic spread. Integrins alpha(v)beta3 and alpha(v)beta5 are arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-dependent adhesion receptors that play a critical role in angiogenesis. Hence, selective dual alpha(v)beta3 and alpha(v)beta5 antagonists may represent a novel class of angiogenesis and tumor-growth inhibitors. Here, an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-based peptidomimetic library was screened to identify alpha(v)beta3 antagonists. Selected compounds were then modified to generate potent and selective dual inhibitors of alpha(v)beta3 and alpha(v)beta5 receptors. One of these compounds, SCH 221153, inhibited the binding of echistatin to alpha(v)beta3 (IC50 = 3.2 nM) and alpha(v)beta5 (IC50 = 1.7 nM) with similar potency. Its IC50 values for related alpha(IIb)beta3 and alpha5beta1 receptors were 1294 nM and 421 nM, respectively, indicating that SCH 221153 is highly selective for alpha(v)beta3 and alpha(v)beta5 receptors. In cell-based assays, SCH 221153 inhibited the binding of echistatin to alpha(v)beta3- and alpha(v)beta5-expressing 293 cells and blocked the adhesion of endothelial cells to immobilized vitronectin and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2). SCH 221153, but not the inactive analogue SCH 216687, was effective in inhibiting FGF2 and vascular endothelial growth factor-induced endothelial cell proliferation in vitro with an IC50 equal to 3-10 microM. Angiogenesis induced by FGF2 in the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay was also inhibited by SCH 221153. Finally, SCH 221153 exerted a significant inhibition on tumor growth induced by intradermal or s.c. injection of human melanoma LOX cells in severe combined immunodeficient mice.
Protein G genes: structure and distribution of IgG‐binding and albumin‐binding domains (1989)

Protein G (also designated Fc receptor type III) is the IgG-binding protein of group C and G streptococci. Protein G has also been shown to bind human serum albumin but at a site that is structurally separated from the IgG-binding region. From the known gene sequence of protein G, two synthetic oligonucleotides were constructed for use as probes in DNA-hybridization experiments to study the structure and distribution of the albumin- and IgG-binding regions in bacterial strains belonging to different species. Thus, one of the probes corresponded to repeats within the IgG-binding region (I) and the other corresponded to repeats in the albumin-binding encoding region (II). Probe I showed strong hybridization to DNA isolated from 31 human group C and G strains, whereas hybridization to probe II was variable. With the three restriction endonucleases used, three restriction patterns were found in Southern blot experiments. No fundamental difference could be detected in hybridization experiments, either between strains of group C and G streptococci, or between isolates of different clinical origin. No hybridization to DNA from other bacterial species was found.
Design of the IBM RISC System/6000 floating-point execution unit (1990)

The IBM RISC System/6000* (RS/6000) floating-point unit (FPU) exemplifies a second-generation RISC CPU architecture and an implementation which greatly increases floating-point performance and accuracy. The key feature of the FPU is a unified floating-point multiply-add-fused unit (MAF) which performs the accumulate operation (A times B) + C as an indivisible operation. This single functional unit reduces the latency for chained floating-point operations, as well as rounding errors and chip busing. It also reduces the number of adders/normalizers by combining the addition required for fast multiplication with accumulation. The MAF unit is made practical by a unique fast-shifter, which eases the overlap of multiplication and addition, and a leading-zero/one anticipator, which eases overlap of normalization and addition. The accumulate instruction required by this architecture reduces the instruction path length by combining two instructions into one. Additionally, the RS/6000 FPU is tightly coupled to the rest of the CPU, unlike typical floating-point coprocessor chips. As a result, floating-point and fixed-point instructions can be executed simultaneously. Load/store operations are performed using register renaming and store buffering to allow completely independent operation of load/store with arithmetic operations. Thus, data-cache accesses can occur in parallel with independent arithmetic operations. This unit attains a peak execution rate of 50 MFLOPS with a 25-MHz clock frequency and is capable of sustaining nearly that rate in complex programs such as graphics and Livermore loops.
Transcatheter Hemostasis of Gastrointestinal Bleeding Using Modified Autogenous Clot (1974)

Clinical and laboratory experience with clot additives and with the use of modified autogenous clot as an agent for transcatheter hemostasis is described. Oxycel (oxidized cellulose) produces a highly occlusive, relatively stable, firm clot and is eventually absorbed. It offers a firm matrix for clot formation, promotes coagulation despite a variety of deficient clotting factors, increases clot durability, and delays clot lysis. All nine patients in the clinical study showed immediate cessation of gastrointestinal bleeding. Two instances of transient duodenal infarction, attributable to the use of clots, indicate that the method is not without some risk.
Glycosides in Medicine: &#x201C;The Role of Glycosidic Residue in Biological Activity&#x201D; (2001)

Numbers of biologically active compounds are glycosides. Sometimes, the glycosidic residue is crucial for their activity, in other cases glycosylation only improves pharmacokinetic parameters. Recent developments in molecular glycobiology brought better understanding to the aglycone vs. glycoside activities, and made possible to develop new, more active or more effective glycodrugs based on these findings - very illustrative recent example is the story of vancomycin. This paper deals with an array of glycosidic compounds currently used in medicine but also with biological activity of some glycosidic metabolites of the known drugs. It involves glycosides of vitamins, polyphenolic glycosides (flavonoids), alkaloid glycosides, glycosides in the group of antibiotics, glycopeptides, cardiac glycosides, steroid and terpenoid glycosides etc. The physiological role of the glycosyl and structure-activity relations (SAR) in the glycosidic moiety (-ies) are discussed.
Clinical Pearls for Bronchial Thermoplasty (2007)

The development of bronchial thermoplasty, an investigational outpatient bronchoscopic procedure for asthma, has captured the interest of the interventional pulmonologist. Promising early clinical studies have demonstrated that bronchial thermoplasty may result in an improvement in asthma control. Bronchial thermoplasty involves the controlled delivery of radiofrequency electrical energy to the airway wall via a special catheter electrode array. Bronchial thermoplasty is performed under conscious sedation and typically results in a bronchoscopy that is longer in duration than most currently performed bronchoscopic procedures. Effective patient management is, therefore, critically important to maximize patient comfort and safety. We describe our technique for bronchial thermoplasty, highlighting the importance of bronchoscopy experience, careful patient selection, patient preparation, patient management, and postoperative follow-up.
Do Polymorphic Compounds Make Good Cocrystallizing Agents? A Structural Case Study that Demonstrates the Importance of Synthon Flexibility (2003)

The ability of four polymorphic compounds, isonicotinamide (1), 2-amino-3-nitropyridine (2), 4-chlorobenzamide (3), and maleic hydrazide (4), to form molecular cocrystals has been examined in a systematic structural study. Compounds 1−3 participate in a wide variety of binary and ternary (in the case of 1) cocrystals with aromatic or aliphatic compounds substituted with a multitude of functional groups. However, despite considerable efforts, it has not been possible to form any cocrystals with 4. The reason for this may be due to the fact that even though there are three known polymorphs of 4, they all contain the same hydrogen-bonding synthons. In contrast, the polymorphs of 1−3 display considerable synthon flexibility, e.g., different hydrogen bond interactions are present in polymorphs of the same compound. Because 1−3 can form robust synthons in a variety of ways, whereas 4 always engages in the same primary hydrogen bond interactions, it may explain why the former compounds are readily able to accommodate other molecules within the same lattice whereas there are no known cocrystals of 4.
Electrokinetic Separation of Chiral Compounds (1985)

Femtomole amounts of racemic mixtures of derivatized amino acids were resolved and analyzed rapidly in about 10 minutes by means of high-voltage zone electrophoresis with laser-fluorescence detection. The electrophoresis was performed in capillary columns containing a chiral support electrolyte. A number of dansyl amino acids were resolved by the diastereomeric interaction between the DL-amino acid and the copper(II) complex of L-histidine present in the support electrolyte. A combination of electro-osmotic and electrophoretic action caused all species, positively charged, neutral, and negatively charged, to pass through the 0.5- nanoliter detection volume where they were subjected to laser excitation.
Improved Determination of&lt;tex&gt;$Q$&lt;/tex&gt;-Factor and Resonant Frequency by a Quadratic Curve-Fitting Method (2005)

The Q-factor and peak frequency of resonant phenomena give useful information about the propagation and storage of energy in an electronic system and therefore its electromagnetic compatibility performance. However, the calculation of Q by linear interpolation of a discrete frequency response to obtain the half-power bandwidth can give inaccurate results, particularly if the data are noisy or the frequency resolution is low. We describe a more accurate method that makes use of the Lorentzian shape of the resonant peaks and involves fitting a second-order polynomial to the reciprocal power plotted against angular frequency. We demonstrate that this new method requires less than one quarter the number of frequency points as the linear method to give comparable accuracy in Q. The new method also gives comparable accuracy for signal-to-noise ratios that are approximately 8 dB greater. It is also more accurate for determination of peak frequency. Examples are given both from measured frequency responses and from simulated data obtained by the transmission line matrix method.
IRS proteins and beta-cell function. (2001)

Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins mediate a variety of the metabolic and growth-promoting actions of insulin and IGF-1. After phosphorylation by activated receptors, these intracellular signaling molecules recruit various downstream effector pathways including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Grb2. Ablation of the IRS-2 gene produces a diabetic phenotype; mice lacking IRS-2 display peripheral insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction characterized by a 50% reduction in beta-cell mass. In contrast, deletion of IRS-1 retards somatic growth and enhances beta-cell mass. IRS1-/- mice are 50% smaller than controls but have a twofold increase in pancreatic beta-cell mass. Thus, observations from these recently developed animal models implicate the IRS signaling systems in the response of classical insulin target tissues, and they suggest a critical role for these proteins in the regulation of beta-cell function. In humans, type 2 diabetes generally occurs when insulin-secretory reserves fail to compensate for peripheral insulin resistance. Study and identification of the signals downstream of IRS proteins in beta-cells may provide unique insights into the compensatory mechanisms by which these cells respond to insulin resistance. Therefore, the intent of this review is to summarize recent observations regarding the regulation of beta-cell function by members of the IRS protein family.
Cloning and expression of the Gal beta 1, 3GalNAc alpha 2,3-sialyltransferase. (1992)

Sequence information obtained by NH2-terminal sequence analysis of two molecular weight forms (45 and 48 kDa) of the porcine Gal beta 1,3GalNAc alpha 2,3-sialyltransferase was used to clone a full-length cDNA of the enzyme. The cDNA sequence revealed an open reading frame coding for 343 amino acids and a putative domain structure consisting of a short NH2-terminal cytoplasmic domain, a signal-anchor sequence, and a large COOH-terminal catalytic domain. This domain structure was confirmed by construction of a recombinant sialyltransferase in which the cytoplasmic domain and signal-anchor sequence of the enzyme was replaced with the cDNA of insulin signal sequence. Expression of the resulting construct in COS-1 cells produced an active sialyltransferase which was secreted into the medium in soluble form. Comparison of the cDNA sequence of the sialyltransferase with GenBank produced no significant homologies except with the previously described Gal beta 1,4GlcNAc alpha 2,6-sialyltransferase. Although the cDNA sequences of these two enzymes were largely nonhomologous, there was a 45-amino acid sequence which exhibited 65% identity. This observation suggests that the two sialyltransferases were derived, in part, from a common gene.
L1 data cache decomposition for energy efficiency (2002)

The L1 data cache is a time-critical module and, at the same time a major consumer of energy. To reduce its energy-delay product, we apply two principles of low-power design: specialize part of the cache structure and break the cache down into smaller caches. To this end, we propose a new L1 data cache structure that combines a Specialized Stack Cache (SSC) and a Pseudo Set-Associative Cache (PSAC). Individually, our SSC and PSAC designs have a lower energy-delay product than previously-proposed related designs. In addition, their combined operation is very effective. Relative to a conventional 2-way 32 KB data cache, a design containing a 4-way 32 KB PSAC and a 512 B SSC reduces the energy-delay product of several applications by an average of 44%.
The Conserved Lysine 860 in the Additional Fatty-acylation Site of Bordetella pertussis Adenylate Cyclase Is Crucial for Toxin Function Independently of Its Acylation Status (1999)

The Bordetella pertussis RTX (repeat in toxin family protein) adenylate cyclase toxin-hemolysin (ACT) acquires biological activity upon a single amide-linked palmitoylation of the epsilon-amino group of lysine 983 (Lys983) by the accessory fatty-acyltransferase CyaC. However, an additional conserved RTX acylation site can be identified in ACT at lysine 860 (Lys860), and this residue becomes palmitoylated when recombinant ACT (r-Ec-ACT) is produced together with CyaC in Escherichia coli K12. We have eliminated this additional acylation site by replacing Lys860 of ACT with arginine, leucine, and cysteine residues. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and microcapillary high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric analyses of mutant proteins confirmed that the two sites are acylated independently in vivo and that mutations of Lys860 did not affect the quantitative acylation of Lys983 by palmitoyl (C16:0) and palmitoleil (cis Delta9 C16:1) fatty-acyl groups. Nevertheless, even the most conservative substitution of lysine 860 by an arginine residue caused a 10-fold decrease of toxin activity. This resulted from a 5-fold reduction of cell association capacity and a further 2-fold reduction in cell penetration efficiency of the membrane-bound K860R toxin. These results suggest that lysine 860 plays by itself a crucial structural role in membrane insertion and translocation of the toxin, independently of its acylation status.
Strain relaxation mechanism for hydrogen-implanted Si1−xGex/Si(100) heterostructures (2000)

A mechanism of strain relief of H+ ion implanted and annealed pseudomorphic Si1−xGex/Si(100) heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy is proposed and analyzed. Complete strain relaxation was obtained at temperatures as low as 800 °C and the samples appeared free of threading dislocations within the SiGe layer to the limit of transmission electron microscopy analysis. In our model, H filled nanocracks are assumed to generate dislocation loops, which glide to the interface where they form strain relieving misfit segments. On the basis of this assumption, the conditions for efficient strain relaxation are discussed.
Beneficial effects of modest systemic hypothermia on locomotor function and histopathological damage following contusion-induced spinal cord injury in rats (2000)

The results showed that 1) modest changes in the epidural temperature of the spinal cord can be produced using systemic hypothermia; 2) modest systemic hypothermia (32-33 degrees C) significantly protects against locomotor deficits following traumatic SCI; and 3) modest systemic hypothermia (32-33 degrees C) reduces the area of tissue damage at both 7 and 44 days postinjury. Although additional research is needed to study the therapeutic window and long-term benefits of systemic hypothermia, these data support the possible use of modest systemic hypothermia in the treatment of acute SCI.
외상성 뇌손상 후 수두증 발생 환자 1례에 대한 임상 고찰 (2002)

본 증례는 1996년 7월 24일 교통사고로 인하여 외상성 뇌손상을 받은 후에 재활치료를 통해 약간의 회복을 보이던 중 수두증의 반복적 재발과 션트 시술부위의 감염으로 인하여 상태가 악화된 환자 1례에 대하여 2000년 3월 14일부터 우석대 한방병원에 입원치료하여 현재까지의 임상적 경과에 대한 치험례로써, 2년간의 장기적 관찰을 통해 수두증의 진단적 재발이 나타나지 않았으며 좌하지마비와 사시에 대한 호전 반응은 미약하였으나 꾸준한 한방적 치료와 재활의 결과로 인지기능의 향상과 배뇨장애의 호전 및 불면증과 惡心, 頭痛, 眩暈 등의 증상적 호전과 체중감량, 무월경의 개선 등 제반 증세의 호전양상을 보였으며 이로 인해 환자의 일상생활에 있어서의 삶의 질 변화에 기여하였다. 그러나 향후 외상성 뇌손상으로 인해 장기적 재활 치료가 필요한 환자에 대하여 더 많은 관심과 연구가 요망되며 한방적인 재활치료 적용방법과 효과에 대한 보다 확고한 학문적 개념정립이 필요하리라 사료된다.