gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Blockage of KCa3.1 Channel Inhibited Proliferation, Migration and Promoted Apoptosis of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells (2015)

The intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel KCa3.1 plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation and migration. However, the role of KCa3.1 channel in human hepatocellular carcinoma remained unknown. This study was therefore performed to investigate the effects of KCa3.1 potassium channel blocker on the proliferation, apoptosis and migration of human hepatocellular cancer cells HepG2. KCa3.1 mRNA and protein were detected in HepG2. Furthermore, KCa3.1 potassium channel blocker TRAM-34 was capable to inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of HepG2 cells, which can be partially attenuated by 1-EBIO, an activator of KCa3.1 channel. Moreover, the migration of HepG2 was obviously inhibited by TRAM-34. Consistently, knockdown of KCa3.1 channel using its siRNA was also able to induce apoptosis and suppress proliferation and migration of HepG2. Meanwhile, intracellular ROS level was found augmented in HepG2 treated with TRAM-34. More importantly, p53 protein was found translocation from the cytoplasm into the nuclei of HepG2. Collectively, inhibition of KCa3.1 channel suppressed the growth and migration, and promoted the apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulating intracellular ROS level and promoting p53 activation. This data suggests TRAM-34 as a promising anti-tumor drug for liver cancer.
Characterization of potential donor acceptor pairs for polymer solar cells by ESR, optical, and electrochemical investigations (2004)

In this report new PPV-PPE copolymers <b>DE 69, DE 11</b> were compared with the state of the art materials <b>MDMO-PPV</b> and poly(3-alkylthiophenes) (<b>P3DDT, P3OT</b>). The optical band gap energy of the two copolymers <b>DE 69, DE11</b> is somewhat higher than that one of <b>MDMO-PPV</b>. The electrochemical band gap was found to be lower for <b>DE 69, DE11</b> related to for MDMO-PPV. The absorption coefficient of the new PPV-PPE copolymers is higher than for <b>MDMO-PPV</b> but in the same order of magnitude. Films from composites of <b>MDMO-PPV/PCBM</b> and <b>DE69</b> or <b>DE11</b> with <b>PCBM</b> show a clear photoluminescence quenching effect. At 77 K two kinds of LESR signals were identified, one of polarons (<i>P</i><sup>+.</sup>) and one of radical anions of fullerenes. The LESR results show strong differences in kinetics between the separation and recombination processes of photoexcited charge carriers. The relaxation rates of paramagnetic centers were estimated by microwave power saturation experiments. Photovoltaic devices were prepared under ambient conditions on flexible PET-ITO foils with <b>MDMO-PPV/ PCBM</b> (1:3 wt. %) with &eta;<sub>AM1.5</sub> = 2.4% and <b>DE 69/ PCBM</b> (1:3 wt. %) with &eta;<sub>AM1.5</sub> = 1.75% (A=0.25 cm<sup>2</sup>, P<sub>in</sub> = 100 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>).
Body Contouring: A Preliminary Report on the Use of the Silhouette Device for Treating Cellulite (1998)

Cellulite is a common condition affecting 85% of postadolescent women. Recent advances in aesthetic techniques have initiated a new pursuit into understanding the cause and treatment of this condition. A recently introduced "roller massage therapy" device, Silhouette, was selected for evaluation in this study. Three patients were enrolled into this private practice, medical school-affiliated, prospective pilot project. The study objective was to identify whether the Silhouette device could generate reproducible reductions in the appearance of cellulite or alter body appearance, specifically in the abdominal, buttock, and thigh regions. A secondary goal was to evaluate the effectiveness of various measuring devices used to quantify cellulite regression. These included serial body weights, percent body fat, relative fat distribution, specific anatomic measurements, diagnostic ultrasound, and serial morphed photographic analysis and laboratory data. Initial results showed that 16 biweekly treatments produced minimal changes in body weight or percent body fat. On average, thigh circumferences increased by 1.7 mm and 8.7 mm in the right and left proximal thighs and decreased by 25 mm and 22 mm in the right and left distal thighs, respectively. Diagnostic ultrasound scans showed trends that may provide further insight into a possible mechanism of action. Relative fat distribution values taken from four selected sites proved the most significant finding with selected treatment sites improving on average from 0.8 to 2.1 units (mean 1.5 units/site). This technique provided safe yet modest improvement in the appearance of cellulite. The mechanism of this improvement remains unknown. Further research is needed to determine the mechanism of this improvement, its longevity, optimum treatment parameters, and whether maintenance therapy is needed.
Petroleum exploration using controlled-source electromagnetic methods (1989)

A tutorial overview is presented of controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) geophysical methods as they are applied in petroleum exploration. CSEM methods utilize man-made sources to investigate the variation of electrical conductivity in the Earth, typically in the depth range of hundreds of meters to several kilometers. Over the frequency range used in CSEM (typically 0.1 Hz to 10 KHz), displacement currents can usually be ignored so the EM fields are diffusive in nature. The basic theory for CSEM methods and some simple approximate solutions which provide insight into the behavior of quasistatic EM fields are given. An overview of data inversion methods is also given, as well as examples of typical applications. It is argued that CSEM methods offer a number of advantages compared to natural-source electromagnetic (NSEM) methods such as magnetotellurics (MT). These include relative insensitivity to regional effects and small near-surface inhomogeneities which adversely affect MT, and the ability to utilize different source types and orientations to improve resolution. NSEM methods can, however, probe deeper conductivity structures than CSEM methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Benefits of parallel processing in stochastic simulations of fish breeding programs (1999)

Experiences with adapting and running a Fortran 77 program for stochastic simulation of a mass selection program in fish breeding for parallel processing are presented. Little rewriting of the program was required to assign different replicates of the simulations to different processors. In order to study the speedup according to number of processors, a case of 20 replicates, requiring 2 000 s using one processor, was run. Wall clock time for the program (without initial input) using 1, 2, 4, 10 and 20 processors were obtained. The saved computer time increased considerably with increased number of processors. Wall clock time was 17 times lower on a Cray T3E using 20 parallel processes compared to sequential execution (116 s versus 2000 s). This is expected to be improved for a more realistic and demanding case.
Solvation thermodynamics of nonionic solutes (1984)

A generalized process of solvation is defined. It is argued that the thermodynamics of this solvation process is more informative as compared with other processes suggested before. Numerical examples are presented and compared with some recently published related data.
84. Search for new analgesics. Part I. Homologues of pethidine and related compounds (1945)

E. Walton and M. B. Green, J. Chem. Soc., 1945, 315 DOI: 10.1039/JR9450000315
Characteristics of resonant leaky-mode biosensors (2005)

This paper presents key properties and examples of applications of resonant leaky-mode biosensors operating in the subwavelength regime. The main resonance features observed under variation of input wavelength and angle are discussed. The dependence of the resonance lineshape on element design parameters is highlighted. The surface-localized power concentration at resonance is described along with the standing-wave pattern of the leaky modes obtained at normal incidence. An example fabrication process involving holographic patterning, etching, and deposition of high-index material is provided. The fabricated elements resonate well with good agreement between experiment and theory found. As examples of practical applications, experimental results on detection of proteins and bacteria are given. The tag-free resonant sensor technology demonstrated may be feasible for use in fields such as in medical diagnostics, drug development, environmental monitoring, and homeland security.
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein–Apolipoprotein E (apoE) Transgenic Mice: Astrocyte-Specific Expression and Differing Biological Effects of Astrocyte-Secreted apoE3 and apoE4 Lipoproteins (1998)

The epsilon4 allele of apolipoprotein E (apoE) is associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and poor outcome after brain injury. In the CNS, apoE is expressed by glia, predominantly astrocytes. To define the potential biological functions of different human apoE isoforms produced within the brain, transgenic mice were generated in which human apoE3 and apoE4 expression is under control of the astrocyte-specific glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter. These animals were then bred back to apoE knock-out mice. Human apoE protein is found within astrocytes and the neuropil throughout development and into the adult period, as assessed by immunocytochemistry and immunoblot analysis in several GFAP-apoE3 and E4 lines. Cultured astrocytes from these mice secrete apoE3 and apoE4 in lipoproteins that are high-density lipoprotein-like in size. When primary hippocampal neurons are grown in the presence of astrocyte monolayers derived from these transgenic mice, there is significantly greater neurite outgrowth from neurons grown in the presence of apoE3-secreting astrocytes compared with apoE4-secreting or apoE knock-out astrocytes. These effects are not dependent on direct astrocyte-neuron contact and appear to require the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein. These data suggest that astrocyte-secreted, apoE3-containing lipoproteins have different biological effects than apoE4-containing lipoproteins. In addition to providing information regarding the role of astrocyte-secreted apoE lipoproteins in the normal brain, these animals will also be useful in models of both AD and CNS injury.
Antimalarial antibodies of the immunoglobulin G2a isotype modulate parasitemias in mice infected with Plasmodium yoelii (1991)

Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of antibodies in mediating immunity to malaria, but the relative contribution of the different immunoglobulin isotypes has not been assessed. In this study, hyperimmune plasma was generated against Plasmodium yoelii and separated by protein A-Sepharose chromatography into fractions containing immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), IgG2a, IgG2b, or IgG3 antibodies and the remaining nonbinding plasma proteins, including IgM. Following concentration, the antimalarial titer of each isotypic fraction was approximately equivalent to the corresponding isotype in hyperimmune plasma. The isotypic fractions were passively transferred to BALB/c and outbred ICR mice prior to challenge with virulent P. yoelii 17XL and to CBA/CaJ mice challenged with avirulent P. yoelii 17XNL. Only mice receiving IgG2a antibodies experienced an altered course of infection. Immunoprecipitation studies showed that all four IgG isotypes appear to recognize a similar set of antigens. These results suggest that antimalarial antibodies of the IgG2a isotype play a dominant role in modulating P. yoelii parasitemias.
Thermally induced dissociation of ions from electrospray mass spectrometry (1991)

Abstract The thermally induced dissociation (TID) of inos at near atmospheric pressure, followed by their mass spectraometric analysis, is demonstrated. The TID occurs in a heated metal capillary interface, and should be broadly applicable to any system capable of producing ions at high pressure. The heated capillary provides a reaction vessel , potentially very useful for kinetic and mechanistic studies of ions. The technique has been applied to the fragmentation of large multiply charged ions from an electrospray ionization source. Preliminary results show that stability for multiply protonated petide or protein molecules in inversely related to its charge.
ProBDNF Induces Neuronal Apoptosis via Activation of a Receptor Complex of p75NTRand Sortilin (2005)

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is best characterized for critical roles in neuronal survival, differentiation, and synaptic modulation mediated by the TrkB receptor tyrosine kinase. Developmentally regulated death signaling by BDNF has also been demonstrated via activation of p75NTR. Because recent studies suggest that proNGF, the precursor form of NGF, is more active than mature NGF in inducing apoptosis after binding to p75NTR and a coreceptor, sortilin, we asked whether the precursor of BDNF (proBDNF) is also a proapoptotic ligand in the nervous system. proBDNF is secreted by cultured neurons, and recombinant proBDNF binds to sortilin. In sympathetic neurons coexpressing sortilin and p75NTR, we found that proBDNF is an apoptotic ligand that induces death at subnanomolar concentrations. In contrast, mature BDNF, but not proBDNF, is effective in inducing TrkB phosphorylation. proBDNF effects are dependent on cellular coexpression of both p75NTR and sortilin, because neurons deficient in p75NTR are resistant to proBDNF-induced apoptosis, and competitive antagonists of sortilin block sympathetic neuron death. Moreover, addition of preformed complexes of soluble sortilin and proBDNF failed to induce apoptosis of cells coexpressing both sortilin and p75NTR, suggesting that interaction of proBDNF with both receptors on the cell surface is required to initiate cell death. Together with our past findings, these data suggest that the neurotrophin family is capable of modulating diverse biological processes via differential processing of the proneurotrophins.
Either bacteriophage T4 RNase H or Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I is essential for phage replication (1996)

Bacteriophage T4 rnh encodes an RNase H that removes ribopentamer primers from nascent DNA chains during synthesis by the T4 multienzyme replication system in vitro (H. C. Hollingsworth and N. G. Nossal, J. Biol. Chem. 266:1888-1897, 1991). This paper demonstrates that either T4 RNase HI or Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I (Pol I) is essential for phage replication. Wild-type T4 phage production was not diminished by the polA12 mutation, which disrupts coordination between the polymerase and the 5'-to-3' nuclease activities of E. coli DNA Pol I, or by an interruption in the gene for E. coli RNase HI. Deleting the C-terminal amino acids 118 to 305 from T4 RNase H reduced phage production to 47% of that of wild-type T4 on a wild-type E. coli host, 10% on an isogenic host defective in RNase H, and less than 0.1% on a polA12 host. The T4 rnh(delta118-305) mutant synthesized DNA at about half the rate of wild-type T4 in the polA12 host. More than 50% of pulse-labelled mutant DNA was in short chains characteristic of Okazaki fragments. Phage production was restored in the nonpermissive host by providing the T4 rnh gene on a plasmid. Thus, T4 RNase H was sufficient to sustain the high rate of T4 DNA synthesis, but E. coli RNase HI and the 5'-to-3' exonuclease of Pol I could substitute to some extent for the T4 enzyme. However, replication was less accurate in the absence of the T4 RNase H, as judged by the increased frequency of acriflavine-resistant mutations after infection of a wild-type host with the T4 rnh (delta118-305) mutant.
In vitro inhibition and intracellular enhancement of lysosomal α‐galactosidase A activity in Fabry lymphoblasts by 1‐deoxygalactonojirimycin and its derivatives (2000)

Fabry disease is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficient lysosomal alpha-galactosidase A (alpha-Gal A) activity. Deficiency of the enzyme activity results in progressive deposition of neutral glycosphingolipids with terminal alpha-galactosyl residue in vascular endothelial cells. We recently proposed a chemical chaperone therapy for this disease by administration of 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin, a potent inhibitor of the enzyme, at subinhibitory intracellular concentrations [Fan, J.-Q., Ishii, S., Asano, N. and Suzuki, Y. (1999) Nat. Med. 5, 112-115]. 1-Deoxygalactonojirimycin served as a specific chaperone for those mutant enzymes that failed to maintain their proper conformation to avoid excessive degradation. In order to establish a correlation between in vitro inhibitory activity and intracellular enhancement activity of the specific chemical chaperone, a series of 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin derivatives were tested for activity with both alpha-Gal A and Fabry lymphoblasts. 1-Deoxygalactonojirimycin was the most potent inhibitor of alpha-Gal A with an IC50 value of 0.04 microM. alpha-Galacto-homonojirimycin, alpha-allo-homonojirimycin and beta-1-C-butyl-deoxygalactonojirimycin were effective inhibitors with IC50 values of 0.21, 4.3 and 16 microM, respectively. N-Alkylation, deoxygenation at C-2 and epimerization at C-3 of 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin markedly lowered or abolished its inhibition toward alpha-Gal A. Inclusion of 1-deoxygalactonojirimycin, alpha-galacto-homonojirimycin, alpha-allo-homonojirimycin and beta-1-C-butyl-deoxygalactonojirimycin at 100 microM in culture medium of Fabry lymphoblasts increased the intracellular alpha-Gal A activity by 14-fold, 5.2-fold, 2.4-fold and 2.3-fold, respectively. Weaker inhibitors showed only a minimum enhancement effect. These results suggest that more potent inhibitors act as more effective specific chemical chaperones for the mutant enzyme, and the potent competitive inhibitors of alpha-Gal A are effective specific chemical chaperones for Fabry disease.
Primary structure deduced from complementary DNA sequence and expression in cultured cells of mammalian 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase. Evidence that the enzyme is a homodimer of identical subunits homologous to rat liver-specific alloantigen F. (1992)

4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase is an important enzyme in tyrosine catabolism in most organisms. From porcine and human liver cDNA libraries we isolated complementary DNA inserts for the enzyme. Protein sequence analysis of the porcine enzyme revealed a block of the amino terminus of the mature enzyme. Comparison of the amino acid sequence determined by Edman degradation of peptides derived from porcine liver 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase with the nucleotide sequences revealed the primary structure of the porcine and human enzymes. The mature human and porcine enzymes have an 89% amino acid sequence identity in amino acid residues and are composed of 392 amino acid residues. A computer-assisted homology search revealed that the enzyme is 88% identical in amino acid sequence to rat liver-specific alloantigen F. A monoclonal antibody (mob 51), which can immunoprecipitate both the human and porcine enzymes, was developed. Cultured BMT-10 cells transfected with the cDNA insert of the human enzyme, using the expression vector pCAGGSneodE, produced a polypeptide with an M(r) of 43,000, which was immunoprecipitated with mob 51. Enzymic activity of the enzyme was detected in the transfected cells but not in the mock transfected cells. These findings suggest that the human 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase is a homodimer of two identical subunits with an M(r) of 43,000. Liver-specific alloantigen F seems to be closely related to the enzyme or possibly to the subunit of the enzyme itself. Elucidation of the complete amino acid sequence of the enzyme is expected to reveal structure-function relationships of this metabolically important enzyme and to shed light on inherited disorders related to tyrosine metabolism, especially tyrosinemia types 1 and 3.
Facile Synthesis of a Crystalline, High‐Surface‐Area SnO2 Aerogel (2005)

Preparation of a low-density, high- surface-area SnO2 aerogel (see Figure inset), comprised of interconnected, randomly oriented crystalline (rutile) SnO2 nanoparticles ∼3–5 nm in size is reported. X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy at the Sn M4,5 edge reveals that the electronic structure of the SnO2 aerogel is similar to that of tetragonal SnO, rather than SnO2 or β-Sn, with additional Sn-related electronic states close to the conduction band minimum.
Disordered Migration of Interneurons within Focal Cortical Dysplasia (2006)

Dysfunction of Synaptic Inhibition in Epilepsy Associated with Focal Cortical Dysplasia Calcagnotto ME, Paredes MF, Tihan T, Barbaro NM, Baraban SC J Neurosci 2005;25(42):9649–9657 Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a common and important cause of medically intractable epilepsy. In patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and in several animal models, compromised neuronal inhibition, mediated by GABA, contributes to seizure genesis. Although reduction in GABAergic interneuron density has been reported in FCD tissue samples, there is little available information on the resulting physiological changes in synaptic inhibition and the potential contribution of these changes to epileptogenesis in the dysplastic human brain. Using visualized whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from identified neurons in tissue slices obtained from patients with FCD, we demonstrate that GABA A -receptor-mediated inhibition is substantially altered in regions of dysplasia. These alterations include a significant reduction in IPSC frequency and a potentially compensatory decrease in transporter-mediated GABA reuptake function; the latter is marked by a significant increase in the decay-time constant for evoked and spontaneous IPSCs and a lack of effect of the GABA transportinhibitor 1-[2 ([(diphenylmethylene)imino]oxy)ethyl]-1,2,5, 6-tetrahydro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid hydrochloride on IPSC kinetics. Immunohistochemical staining revealed a scattering of GABAergic interneurons across dysplastic cortex and striking reductions in GABA transporter expression. Together, these results suggest that profound alterations in GABA-mediated synaptic inhibition play an essential role in the process of epileptogenesis in patients with FCD.
The Protein Family of RNA Helicases (1998)

RNA helicases represent a large family of proteins that have been detected in almost all biological systems where RNA plays a central role. They are ubiquitously distributed over a wide range of organisms and are involved in nuclear and mitochondrial splicing processes, RNA editing, rRNA processing, translation initiation, nuclear mRNA export, and mRNA degradation. RNA helicases are described as essential factors in cell development and differentiation, and some of them play a role in transcription and replication of viral single-stranded RNA genomes. Comparisons of the conserved sequences reveal a close relationship between them and suggest that these proteins might be derived from a common ancestor. Biochemical studies have revealed a strong dependence of the unwinding activity on ATP hydrolysis. Although RNA helicase activity has only been demonstrated for a few examples yet, it is generally believed that all members of the largest subgroups, the DEAD and DEAH box proteins, exhibit this activity.