gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Voyager: Exploratory Analysis via Faceted Browsing of Visualization Recommendations (2015)

General visualization tools typically require manual specification of views: analysts must select data variables and then choose which transformations and visual encodings to apply. These decisions often involve both domain and visualization design expertise, and may impose a tedious specification process that impedes exploration. In this paper, we seek to complement manual chart construction with interactive navigation of a gallery of automatically-generated visualizations. We contribute Voyager, a mixed-initiative system that supports faceted browsing of recommended charts chosen according to statistical and perceptual measures. We describe Voyager's architecture, motivating design principles, and methods for generating and interacting with visualization recommendations. In a study comparing Voyager to a manual visualization specification tool, we find that Voyager facilitates exploration of previously unseen data and leads to increased data variable coverage. We then distill design implications for visualization tools, in particular the need to balance rapid exploration and targeted question-answering.
Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid on Endothelial Cell-Derived Microparticles, Angiopoietins and Adiponectin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (2009)

These results suggest that EPA possesses an adiponectin-dependent anti-atherosclerotic effect and may be beneficial for the prevention of vascular complications in diabetic patients with high Ang-2 levels.
Role of CFTR expressed by neutrophils in modulating acute lung inflammation and injury in mice (2011)

Lack of functional CFTR in neutrophils can promote LPS-induced acute lung inflammation and injury.
Identification and characterization of DGA2, an acyltransferase of the DGAT1 acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase family in the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. New insights into the storage lipid metabolism of oleaginous yeasts (2011)

Triacylglycerols (TAG) and steryl esters (SE) are the principal storage lipids in all eukaryotic cells. In yeasts, these storage lipids accumulate within special organelles known as lipid bodies (LB). In the lipid accumulation-oriented metabolism of the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, storage lipids are mostly found in the form of TAG, and only small amounts of SE accumulate. We report here the identification of a new DAG acyltransferase gene, DGA2, homologous to the ARE genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This gene encodes a member of the type 1 acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase family (DGAT1), which has not previously been identified in yeasts, but is commonly found in mammals and plants. Unlike the Are proteins in S. cerevisiae, Dga2p makes a major contribution to TAG synthesis via an acyl-CoA-dependent mechanism and is not involved in SE synthesis. This enzyme appears to affect the size and morphology of LB, suggesting a direct role of storage lipid proteins in LB formation. We report that the Are1p of Y. lipolytica was essential for sterol esterification, as deletion of the encoding gene (ARE1) completely abolished SE synthesis. Unlike its homologs in yeasts, YlARE1 has no DAG acyltransferase activity. We also reconsider the role and function of all four acyltransferase enzymes involved in the final step of neutral lipid synthesis in this oleaginous yeast.
CD3× anti‐nitrophenyl bispecific diabodies: Universal immunotherapeutic tools for retargeting T cells to tumors (1999)

We developed a universal recombinant bispecific molecule (BiMol) that is capable of redirecting cytotoxic T cells to tumor cells via tagged anti-tumor ligands such as antibody fragments or cytokines. A recombinant bispecific diabody with binding specificities for the CD3 molecule on T cells as well as for the hapten nitrophenyl (NIP) was produced. This bispecific molecule is capable of redirecting cytotoxic T cells to kill a series of malignant cells, including B cell lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and colon carcinoma via NIP-conjugated ligands to tumor-associated antigens. Cytotoxic activity of the diabody was found to be comparable to tetradoma-derived bispecific antibodies with similar specificities. Our findings demonstrate that universal CD3×anti-NIP diabodies could be used for T cell based cellular immunotherapy in a variety of human malignancies. Additionally, these bispecific molecules allow fast and economic testing of tumor-associated antigens on malignant cells for their potential use as immunotherapeutic target structures if corresponding hapten-conjugated antibodies or ligands are available. Int. J. Cancer 82:700–708, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
On the Best Rank-1 and Rank-(R1 ,R2 ,. . .,RN) Approximation of Higher-Order Tensors (2000)

In this paper we discuss a multilinear generalization of the best rank-R approximation problem for matrices, namely, the approximation of a given higher-order tensor, in an optimal least-squares sense, by a tensor that has prespecified column rank value, row rank value, etc. For matrices, the solution is conceptually obtained by truncation of the singular value decomposition (SVD); however, this approach does not have a straightforward multilinear counterpart. We discuss higher-order generalizations of the power method and the orthogonal iteration method.
ONE POT SYNTHESIS OF ARYL THIOPHOSPHORAMIDATE DERIVATIVES OF AZT (2002)

ABSTRACT Novel aryl thiophosphoramidate derivatives of the anti-HIV nucleoside analogue 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine (AZT) have been prepared by the thiophosphorochloridate chemistry. These materials were designed to act as membrane-soluble prodrugs of the bioactive free nucleotides. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors would like to thank the financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 29902003, No. 39870415), the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Education and Tsinghua University.
Effect of cytokines on polymorphonuclear neutrophil infiltration in the mouse. Prostaglandin- and leukotriene-independent induction of infiltration by IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor. (1988)

The i.p. injection of mice with highly purified recombinant human rIL-1 alpha or beta resulted in the rapid influx of a large number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) into the peritoneal cavity. Significant increases in the number of PMN were induced by doses of IL-1 which ranged from 0.005 to 5 ng/injection. Interestingly the dose response for PMN influx was bell-shaped because 50 ng of IL-1 did not result in a significant increase in peritoneal PMN. IL-1 induced PMN infiltration was detectable by 1 h with peak levels of PMN obtained by about 2 h, followed by a subsequent decline by 24 h. Other cytokines, IL-2, IFN-gamma, IFN alpha beta, granulocyte-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage-CSF, IL-3, TNF-alpha, and TNF-beta were compared to IL-1 for their ability to induce a PMN influx into the peritoneum. Only TNF-alpha or TNF-beta (lymphotoxin) were able to induce a significant influx of PMN within 2 h. However, based on total protein administered, about 100 times more TNF than IL-1 was required to produce a comparable PMN infiltration. Intraperitoneal injection of inhibitors of the cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase pathways did not inhibit the IL-1-induced influx of PMN. Also, neither IL-1 nor TNF triggered an increase in PG or leukotriene release from peritoneal cells in vitro. Furthermore, direct peritoneal injection of leukotriene B4, a potent PMN chemoattractant in vitro, did not induce any significant increase in PMN in the peritoneal cavity indicating that chemotactic activity alone is insufficient for inducing peritoneal infiltration. These results suggest that the local production of very low levels of IL-1 in vivo would be sufficient to initiate a sequence of events that results in a rapid accumulation of PMN. Because IL-1 was not chemotactic for PMN in vitro, our data suggest that IL-1 induces production of factors that are chemotactic for PMN. Alternatively, IL-1 may act on other stages of the complex sequence of events that regulates the emigration of PMN into tissue sites in vivo. The synergy apparent in PMN influx when suboptimal concentrations of IL-1 and TNF were injected suggests that the local production of very low concentrations of these cytokines in situ could play a critical role in the emigration of PMN during infection.
Losartan and Low-Dose Hydrochlorothiazide in Patients With Essential Hypertension (1996)

The concomitant administration of losartan potassium, 50 mg, with 12.5 mg of hydrochlorothiazide once daily produced an additive reduction in trough sitting systolic and diastolic blood pressure and was well tolerated.
Characterization of Glycerol from Different Origins by 2H- and 13C-NMR Studies of Site-Specific Natural Isotope Fractionation (1998)

The site-specific natural isotope fractionation of carbon and hydrogen has been investigated by SNIF-NMR for glycerol samples, extracted from plant lipids, obtained in the fermentation of sugars, or from commercial sources. In the first two cases, several plant species from either C3 or C4 metabolic origin have been considered. Large deviations with respect to a statistical distribution of deuterium in the glycerol skeleton are observed and the dispersion ranges of the isotopic parameters are much larger than the precision of the measure. The NMR determination of the site-specific carbon isotopic parameters (positions 2 and 1,3 of glycerol) provides an easy method for distinguishing natural and synthetic samples. More generally, the discriminating potential of the carbon and hydrogen isotopic fingerprint of glycerol has been estimated on a statistical basis in terms of the nature of the raw material (plant oil or sugar fermentation) and, in each case, in terms of C3 or C4 metabolism of the precursor. Glycerol may be proposed as an isotopic probe for discriminating between olive and sunflower and for investigating the adulteration of wines. Keywords: Fermentation; edible oils; origin assessment; authenticity
Toward accessible 3D virtual environments for the blind and visually impaired (2008)

3D virtual environments are increasingly used for education, business and recreation but are often inaccessible to users who are visually impaired, effectively creating a digital divide. Interviews with 8 visually impaired expert users were conducted to guide design proposals, and a review of current research into haptics and 3D sound for auditory displays is presented with suggestions for navigation and feedback techniques to address these accessibility issues. The diversity and volatility of the environment makes Second Life an unusually complex research object, suggesting the applicability of our work for the field of HCI and accessibility in 3D virtual environments.
A Deletion Mutation in the SH2-N Domain of Shp-2 Severely Suppresses Hematopoietic Cell Development (1997)

Shp-1 and Shp-2 are cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatases that contain two Src homology 2 (SH2) domains. A negative regulatory role of Shp-1 in hematopoiesis has been strongly implicated by the phenotype of motheaten mice with a mutation in the Shp-1 locus, which is characterized by leukocyte hypersensitivity, deregulated mast cell function, and excessive erythropoiesis. A targeted deletion of 65 amino acids in the N-terminal SH2 (SH2-N) domain of Shp-2 leads to an embryonic lethality at midgestation in homozygous mutant mice. To further dissect the Shp-2 function in hematopoietic development, we have isolated homozygous Shp-2 mutant embryonic stem (ES) cells. Significantly reduced hematopoietic activity was observed when the mutant ES cells were allowed to differentiate into embryoid bodies (EBs), compared to the wild-type and heterozygous ES cells. Further analysis of ES cell differentiation in vitro showed that mutation in the Shp-2 locus severely suppressed the development of primitive and definitive erythroid progenitors and completely blocked the production of progenitor cells for granulocytes-macrophages and mast cells. Reverse transcriptase PCR analysis of the mutant EBs revealed reduced expression of several specific marker genes that are induced during blood cell differentiation. Stem cell factor induction of mitogen-activated protein kinase activity was also blocked in Shp-2 mutant cells. Taken together, these results indicate that Shp-2 is an essential component and primarily plays a positive role in signaling pathways that mediate hematopoiesis in mammals. Furthermore, stimulation of its catalytic activity is not sufficient, while interaction via the SH2 domains with the targets or regulators is necessary for its biological functions in cells. The in vitro ES cell differentiation assay can be used as a biological tool in dissecting cytoplasmic signaling pathways.
Obesity/insulin resistance is associated with endothelial dysfunction. Implications for the syndrome of insulin resistance. (1996)

To test the hypothesis that obesity/insulin resistance impairs both endothelium-dependent vasodilation and insulin-mediated augmentation of endothelium-dependent vasodilation, we studied leg blood flow (LBF) responses to graded intrafemoral artery infusions of methacholine chloride (MCh) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP) during saline infusion and euglycemic hyperinsulinemia in lean insulin-sensitive controls (C), in obese insulin-resistant subjects (OB), and in subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). MCh induced increments in LBF were approximately 40% and 55% lower in OB and NIDDM, respectively, as compared with C (P < 0.05). Euglycemic hyperinsulinemia augmented the LBF response to MCh by - 50% in C (P < 0.05 vs saline) but not in OB and NIDDM. SNP caused comparable increments in LBF in all groups. Regression analysis revealed a significant inverse correlation between the maximal LBF change in response to MCh and body fat content. Thus, obesity/insulin resistance is associated with (a) blunted endothelium-dependent, but normal endothelium-independent vasodilation and (b) failure of euglycemic hyperinsulinemia to augment endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Therefore, obese/insulin-resistant subjects are characterized by endothelial dysfunction and endothelial resistance to insulin's effect on enhancement of endothelium-dependent vasodilation. This endothelial dysfunction could contribute to the increased risk of atherosclerosis in obese insulin-resistant subjects.
Prediction of Eutectic Temperatures, Compositions and Phase Diagrams for Binary Mesophase Systemst (1974)

Abstract Examination of a number of binary mesophase systems shows that the Schroder-van Laar equations for predicting the liquidus temperature and the eutectic temperature and composition are widely applicable. Additionally emperical correlations between the melting point and eutectic composition and temperature for binary mixtures having one common component are shown to be applicable to a considerable number of systems.
TCR-Like Human Antibodies Expressed on Human CTLs Mediate Antibody Affinity-Dependent Cytolytic Activity (2002)

The permanent genetic programming via gene transfer of autologous T cells with cell surface receptors directed toward tumor-related Ags holds great promise for the development of more-specific tumor therapies. In this study we have explored the use of Abs directed to MHC-peptide complexes (or TCR-like Abs) to engraft CTLs with exquisite specificity for cancer cells. First, we affinity matured in vitro a previously selected TCR-like Ab, Fab-G8, which is highly specific for the peptide melanoma-associated Ag-A1 presented by the HLA-A1 molecule. A combination of L chain shuffling, H chain-targeted mutagenesis, and in vitro selection of phage display libraries yielded a Fab-G8 Ab derivative, Fab-Hyb3, with an 18-fold improved affinity yet identical peptide fine specificity. Fab-G8 and Fab-Hyb3 were expressed on primary human T lymphocytes as cell surface-anchored Fab, demonstrating that T cells expressing the high-affinity Fab-Hyb3 molecule eradicate tumor cells much more effectively. Furthermore, the gain in ligand-binding affinity resulted in a 2-log improvement in the detection of peptide/MHC complexes on melanoma-associated Ag-A1 peptide-loaded cells. In summary, an affinity-matured Ab specifically recognizing a cancer-related peptide/MHC complex was generated and used to improve the tumor cell killing capacity of human T cells. This strategy, based on engraftment of T cells with in vitro engineered Abs, is an attractive alternative to the laborious, and in many cases unsuccessful, generation of highly potent tumor-specific T lymphocytes.
2D blazed grating for light trapping in thin silicon solar cells (2010)

We propose a novel sub-micron back-side grating for light trapping in thin silicon solar cells. The 2D-blazed grating has the potential to increase the optical thickness of the solar cell by a factor of 17.
Doppler properties of polyphase coded pulse compression waveforms (1982)

Doppler properties of the Frank polyphase code and the recently derived P1, P2, P3, and P4 polyphase codes are investigated and compared. An approximately 4 dB cyclic variation of the peak compressed signal is shown to occur as the doppler frequency increases. The troughs in the peak-signal response occur whenever the total phase shift, due to doppler, across the uncompressed pulse is an odd multiple of Pi radians. It is shown that,. although the P3 and P4 codes have larger zero-doppler peak sidelobes than the other codes, the P3 and the P4 codes degrade less as the doppler frequency increases. Also, the effects of amplitude weighting and receiver bandlimiting for both zero and nonzero doppler are investigated. (Author)
L-Glutamine therapy reduces endothelial adhesion of sickle red blood cells to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (2005)

In these studies, oral L-glutamine administration consistently resulted in improvement of sickle RBC adhesion to HUVEC. These data suggest positive physiological effects of L-glutamine in sickle cell disease.
New first and second generation inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus-1 integrase (2011)

The field appears to be more focused on developing compounds which address the issues identified for the first generation compounds, raltegravir and elvitegravir. Patent activity around new strand transfer inhibitors claims compounds active against first generation resistant mutations and having PK profiles suitable for daily dosing. Advancements in this area have been rapid and several compounds described in these patent applications are currently in clinical trials. Bolstered by recent mechanistic discoveries, compounds inhibiting processes other than strand transfer have begun to emerge. It is foreseeable that a second generation integrase inhibitor could be approved for treatment in the coming years.
Comfort without coma: Changing sedation practices* (2007)

Critical Care Medicine: February 2007 - Volume 35 - Issue 2 - p 635-637 doi: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000254072.83323.4E
Reconstruction of a uniform star object from interior x-ray data (2008)

We consider the reconstruction of objects with uniform density from limited projection data. Using the differential-backprojection (DBP), we show that a 2D star-shaped object of uniform but unknown density is determined by its 2D Radon transform sampled over a 2 angular range with a detector that only covers an interior field-of-view (FOV). A stability estimate is obtained using the Cramer-Rao bound and a reconstruction algorithm based on the DBP is described. The accuracy and stability of this algorithm are evaluated using simulated data. In the special case where the object density is known beforehand, the DBP algorithm is compared to DART, an iterative algebraic method for discrete tomography, which is shown to provide superior stability in the presence of noise.
Expression of Globo H and SSEA3 in breast cancer stem cells and the involvement of fucosyl transferases 1 and 2 in Globo H synthesis (2008)

We examined the expression in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) of Globo H, a potential tumor-associated antigen for immunotherapy of epithelial cancers including breast cancer. Flow cytometry revealed Globo H expression in 25/41 breast cancer specimens (61.0%). Non-BCSCs from 25/25 and BCSCs from 8/40 (20%) expressed Globo H. We showed the expression of stage-specific embryonic antigen 3 (SSEA3), the pentasaccharide precursor of Globo H, in 31/40 (77.5%) tumors. Non-BCSCs from 29/40 [corrected] and BCSCs from 25/40 (62.5%) expressed SSEA3. Like Globo H, SSEA3 expression in normal tissues was predominately at the secretory borders of epithelium, where access to the immune system is restricted. Immunization of mice with Globo H-KLH and alpha-GalCer induced antibodies reactive with Globo H and SSEA3, suggesting that a Globo H-based vaccine will target tumor cells expressing Globo H or SSEA3. We next sought to reduce Globo H expression by siRNA targeting fucosyltransferase (FUT) 1 and 2, which mediate alpha-1,2 linkage of fucose to SSEA3 to generate Globo H. We showed both genes to be involved in the biosynthesis of Globo H. Moreover, FUT2 expression in BCSCs was significantly lower than in non-BCSCs harvested from a primary human breast cancer in NOD/SCID mouse, whereas FUT1 was slightly lower in BCSCs. Thus, the lower expression of Globo H in BCSCs may be attributed to less FUT2/FUT1, and to reduced SSEA3 in BCSCs compared with non-BCSCs. Our findings provide insight into further development of a Globo H-based vaccine and FUT1/FUT2-targeted therapy for breast cancer.
Ring opening polymerization of aliphatic cyclic carbonates in the presence of natural amino acids (2007)

Abstract Poly(dimethyl trimethylene carbonate) (PDTC) and poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) were synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of dimethly trimethylene carbonate (DTC) and trimethylene carbonate (TMC) in the presence of five kinds of natural amino acids ( L ‐alanine, L ‐valine, L ‐leucine, L ‐proline, and L ‐phenylalanine). PDTCs with number‐average molecular weight ( M n ) from 6700 to 18,900 g/mol and PTMCs with M n from 7200 to 17,800 g/mol were obtained at a feed ratio of [monomer]/[ L ‐phenylalanine] ranging from 50 to 200. The results of 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance and titration proved amino acid connecting onto the polymer backbone. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Dynamics of Memory T Cell Proliferation Under Conditions of Heterologous Immunity and Bystander Stimulation (2002)

By examining adoptively transferred CSFE-labeled lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-immune donor T cells in Thy-1 congenic hosts inoculated with viruses or with the cytokine inducer poly(I:C), strikingly different responses of bona fide memory T cells were found in response to different stimuli. Poly(I:C) (cytokine) stimulation caused a limited synchronized division of memory CD8 T cells specific to each of five LCMV epitopes, with no increase and sometimes a loss in number, and no change in their epitope hierarchy. Homologous LCMV infection caused more than seven divisions of T cells specific for each epitope, with dramatic increases in number and minor changes in hierarchy. Infections with the heterologous viruses Pichinde and vaccinia (VV) caused more than seven divisions and increases in number of T cells specific to some putatively cross-reactive but not other epitopes and resulted in substantial changes in the hierarchy of the LCMV-specific T cells. Hence, there can be memory T cell division without proliferation (i.e., increase in cell number) in the absence of Ag and division with proliferation in the presence of Ag from homologous or heterologous viruses. Heterologous protective immunity between viruses is not necessarily reciprocal, given that LCMV protects against VV but VV does not protect against LCMV. VV elicited proliferation of LCMV-induced CD8 and CD4 T cells, whereas LCMV did not elicit proliferation of VV-induced T cells. Thus, depending on the pathogen and the sequence of infection, a heterologous agent may selectively stimulate the memory pool in patterns consistent with heterologous immunity.