gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular cloning of a novel member of the nuclear receptor superfamily related to the orphan receptor, TR2. (1994)

We have cloned a novel member (mTR2R1) of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors from a mouse brain cDNA library. The cDNA sequence predicts a protein primary structure of 629 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 68.8 kDa. The amino acid sequence of the protein contains three regions of consensus sequence that are conserved throughout the nuclear receptor superfamily. One of these regions encodes a type II zinc finger DNA binding domain that is characteristic of this family of transcription factors. Comparison of the amino acid sequence of mTR2R1 with other nuclear receptors indicates that it is most closely related to the orphan receptor, hTR2, and suggests that these proteins constitute a novel subfamily within the nuclear receptor superfamily. mTR2R1 is encoded by two mRNAs that show different but overlapping spatial patterns of expression in the adult mouse. The identification of a subfamily of TR2 receptors together with the existence of variant mRNAs for these receptors prompts a close examination of the tissue-specific regulatory role of this subfamily of nuclear receptors.
Structural Characterization of Side-by-Side Binding for a Cross-Linked Lexitropsin Dimer Designed to Target G · C Base Pairs in the DNA Minor Groove (1996)

Recent efforts at designing lexitropsins for sequence-specific recognition in the minor groove of DNA have focused on utilizing the 2:1 ligand–DNA interaction models where two ligand molecules may simultaneously bind as side-by-side antiparallel dimers. Covalent linkage of two lexitropsin molecules, each a pyrrole–pyrrole–imidazole tripeptide, is shown to provide a further improvement in the binding affinity and specificity for a designated duplex sequence containing G·C base pairs. Evidence for bivalent sequence- and strand-specific binding of the dimer and structural characterization of its complex with d(CGAACATGTTCG)2 using NMR and restrained molecular modeling/dynamics methods are discussed. These results suggest that selectivity of lexitropsins for DNA sequences may arise primarily from an extended array of specific intermolecular hydrogen bonds at the floor of the minor groove in DNA.
Abkömmlinge der Chininsäure (1921)

In der varanstehenden Abhandlung ' ) wurde kurz der Schwiemgkeiten, die C h i n i n s i i u r e auf wohlfeilem Wege zu gewinnen, Erwshnung getan, die auch nicht durch die im Nachfolgenden beschriebene Darstellung behoben sind, weil der zurn Aufbau des M e t h o x y -5 -is a t i n s benutzte MesoxalsLure-ester und die Brenztraubensiiuure zu kostspielige Priiparate sind
Bamboo-Type TiO2 Nanotubes: Improved Conversion Efficiency in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2008)

Bamboo-type TiO2 nanotube layers were produced by alternating voltage anodization of Ti. In comparison to smooth TiO2 morphologies the stratified nanotube structure shows significantly increased light harvesting and conversion efficiencies when used in dye sensitized solar cells.
Co-delivery of PSA and PSMA DNA vaccines with electroporation induces potent immune responses (2011)

Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a significant public health problem. Current treatment modalities for PCa can be useful, but may be accompanied by deleterious side effects and often do not confer long-term control. Accordingly, additional modalities, such as immunotherapy, may represent an important approach for PCa treatment. The identification of tissue-specific antigens engenders PCa an attractive target for immunotherapeutic approaches. Delivery of DNA vaccines with electroporation has shown promising results for prophylactic and therapeutic targets in a variety of species including humans. Application of this technology for PCa immunotherapy strategies has been limited to single antigen and epitope targets. We sought to test the hypothesis that a broader collection of antigens would improve the breadth and effectiveness of a PCa immune therapy approach. We therefore developed highly optimized DNA vaccines encoding prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) as a dual antigen approach to immune therapy of PCa. PSA-and PSMA-specific cellular immunogenicity was evaluated in a mouse model for co-delivery and single antigen vaccination. Mice received 2 immunizations spaced 2 weeks apart and immunogenicity was evaluated 1 week after the second vaccination. Both the PSA and PSMA vaccines induced robust antigen-specific IFNγ responses by ELISpot. Further characterization of cellular immunogenicity by flow cytometry indicated strong antigen-specific TNFα production by CD4+ T cells and IFNγ and IL-2 secretion by both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. There was also a strong humoral response as determined by PSA-specific seroconversion. These data support further study of this novel approach to immune therapy of PCa.
Molecular cloning of cDNA encoding an unrecognized component of amyloid in Alzheimer disease. (1993)

A neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer disease (AD) is a widespread amyloid deposition. We analyzed the entire amino acid sequences in an amyloid preparation and found, in addition to the major beta/A4-protein (A beta) fragment, two unknown peptides. We raised antibodies against synthetic peptides using subsequences of these peptides. These antibodies immunostained amyloid in neuritic and diffuse plaques as well as vascular amyloid. Electron microscopic analysis demonstrated that the immunostaining was localized on amyloid fibrils. We have isolated an apparently full-length cDNA encoding a 140-amino-acid protein within which two previously unreported amyloid sequences are encoded in tandem in the most hydrophobic domain. We tentatively named this 35-amino acid peptide NAC (non-A beta component of AD amyloid) and its precursor NACP. NAC is the second component, after A beta, identified chemically in the purified AD amyloid preparation. Secondary structure predictions indicate that the NAC peptide sequence has a strong tendency to form beta-structures consistent with its association with amyloid. NACP is detected as a M(r) 19,000 protein in the cytosolic fraction of brain homogenates and comigrates on immunoblots with NACP synthesized in Escherichia coli from NACP cDNA. NACP mRNA is expressed principally in brain but is also expressed in low concentrations in all tissues examined except in liver, suggesting its ubiquitous and brain-specific functions. The availability of the cDNA encoding full-length NACP should help to elucidate the mechanisms of amyloidosis in AD.
Quantification of Chemotactic Peptides (C5a Anaphylatoxin and IL-8) in Psoriatic Lesional Skin (1993)

Based on these results, we speculate that, although IL-8 may exert a synergistic effect with C5a/C5a des Arg in the induction of transepidermal leukocyte chemotaxis, it constitutes a proinflammatory cytokine that is involved in the production of the persistent inflammatory changes characterized by a T-lymphocyte infiltration. In contrast, C5a/C5a des Arg seems to be generated only in the inflammatory lesional skin under specific circumstances that preferentially favor complement activation and also seems to play a major role in the induction of cyclic transepidermal leukocyte chemotaxis from "squirting papillae."
Quantum Logical Operations on Encoded Qubits (1996)

We show how to carry out quantum logical operations (controlled-not and Toffoli gates) on encoded qubits for several encodings which protect against various 1-bit errors. This improves the reliability of these operations by allowing one to correct for 1-bit errors which either preexisted or occurred in the course of operation. The logical operations we consider allow one to carry out the vast majority of the steps in the quantum factoring algorithm.
Abstract A15: In vivo efficacy of a CD38-specific engineered toxin body. (2015)

Abstract The cell surface glycoprotein CD38 is highly expressed on the surface of several B cell lineage cancers, such as the plasma cell malignancy multiple myeloma, some lymphomas and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), where it is a marker of unfavorable prognosis. CD38 is a transmembrane receptor and ectoenzyme that is absent or expressed at a low level on most resting leukocytes under normal conditions, making this an appealing target for directed therapy for hematological malignancies. Recent clinical trials with antibodies to CD38 have shown promise in multiple myeloma. While these antibodies rely on the recruitment of an immune response for cytotoxicity, we have developed an engineered toxin body (ETB) comprising a CD38 binding scFv and a modified Shiga-like Toxin A subunit capable of specifically recognizing and directly killing CD38 expressing cells. The CD38 targeted ETB has a different mechanism of action than current treatments for multiple myeloma (such as immunomodulatory agents, protease inhibitors and chemotherapies). Our CD38 targeted ETB has shown to be well tolerated in mice and displays dose dependent efficacy in a CD38 positive tumor setting. The CD38 targeted ETB significantly reduced tumor burden and increased survival over a 40-fold dose range in a disseminated Daudi xenograft, early treatment model. In this setting, the mean tumor burden at day 28 was reduced to 29% of control for the lowest dose group (0.05 mg/kg) and less than 1% of control for the two higher doses (0.5 and 2 mg/kg). Median survival of the control, untreated group was 34 days; the low dose group had extended median survival to 59.5 days and, at the day 60 study end, 90 or 100% of mice were alive in the higher two dosing groups. Our results show that the CD38 targeted ETB is a promising targeted therapeutic agent against CD38 positive cancer cells and is currently under further development. Citation Format: Garrett L. Robinson, Sangeetha Rajagopalan, Brigitte Brieschke, Jennifer Erdman, Jane Neill, Rodney Flores, Julia Foree, William Null, Jensing Liu, Jack P. Higgins, Erin K. Willert. In vivo efficacy of a CD38-specific engineered toxin body. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Hematologic Malignancies: Translating Discoveries to Novel Therapies; Sep 20-23, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(17 Suppl):Abstract nr A15.
Disruption of CUL3-mediated ubiquitination causes proximal tubule injury and kidney fibrosis (2019)

Cullin 3 (CUL3) is part of the ubiquitin proteasomal system and controls several cellular processes critical for normal organ function including the cell cycle, and Keap1/Nrf2 signaling. Kidney tubule-specific Cul3 disruption causes tubulointerstitial fibrosis, but little is known about the mechanisms. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that dysregulation of the cell cycle and Keap1/Nrf2 pathway play a role in initiating the kidney injury upon Cul3 disruption. Cul3 deletion increased expression of cyclin E and p21, associated with uncontrolled proliferation, DNA damage, and apoptosis, all of which preceded proximal tubule injury. The cdk2-cyclin E inhibitor roscovitine did not prevent the effects of Cul3 deletion, but instead exacerbated the kidney injury. Injury occurred despite accumulation and activation of CUL3 substrate Keap1/Nrf2, proposed to be protective in kidney injury. Cul3 disruption led to progressive interstitial inflammation, functionally relevant renal fibrosis and death. Finally, we observed reduced CUL3 expression in several AKI and CKD mouse models and in fibrotic human kidney tissue. These data establish CUL3 knockout mice as a novel genetic CKD model in which dysregulation of the cell cycle may play a primary role in initiating tubule injury, and that CUL3 dysregulation could contribute to acute and fibrotic kidney disease.
Mesenchymal stem cells for acute lung injury: Preclinical evidence (2010)

Several experimental studies have suggested that mesenchymal stem cells may have value for the treatment of clinical disorders, including myocardial infarction, diabetes, acute renal failure, sepsis, and acute lung injury. In preclinical studies, mesenchymal stem cells have been effective in reducing lung injury from endotoxin, live bacteria, bleomycin, and hyperoxia. In some studies, the cultured medium from mesenchymal stem cells has been as effective as the mesenchymal stem cells themselves. Several paracrine mediators that can mediate the effect of mesenchymal stem cells have been identified, including interleukin-10, interleukin-1ra, keratinocyte growth factor, and prostaglandin E2. Further preclinical studies are needed, as is planning for clinical trials for acute lung injury.
Sphingolipid long-chain-base auxotrophs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: genetics, physiology, and a method for their selection (1992)

A selection method for sphingolipid long-chain-base auxotrophs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was devised after observing that strains that require a long-chain base for growth become denser when starved for this substance. Genetic analysis of over 60 such strains indicated only two complementation classes, lcb1 and lcb2. Mutant strains from each class grew equally well with 3-ketodihydrosphingosine, erythrodihydrosphingosine or threodihydrosphingosine, or phytosphingosine. Since these metabolites represent the first, second, and last components, respectively, of the long-chain-base biosynthetic pathway, it is likely that the LCB1 and LCB2 genes are involved in the first step of long-chain-base synthesis. The results of long-chain-base starvation in the Lcb- strains suggest that one or more sphingolipids have a vital role in S. cerevisiae. Immediate sequelae of long-chain-base starvation were loss of viability, exacerbated in the presence of alpha-cyclodextrin, and loss of phosphoinositol sphingolipid synthesis but not phosphatidylinositol synthesis. Loss of viability with long-chain-base starvation could be prevented by also blocking either protein or nucleic acid synthesis. Without a long-chain-base, cell division, dry mass accumulation, and protein synthesis continued at a diminished rate and were further inhibited by the detergent Tergitol. The cell density increase induced by long-chain-base starvation is thus explained as a differential loss of cell division and mass accumulation. Long-chain-base starvation in Lcb- S. cerevisiae and inositol starvation of Inos- S. cerevisiae share common features: an increase in cell density and a loss of cell viability overcome by blocking macromolecular synthesis.
Non-mechanical sub-pixel image shifter for acquiring super-resolution digital images (2009)

A sub-pixel image shifter is presented, for use in enhancing the spatial resolution of digital image sensors by combining multiple displaced sub-images using a super-resolution (SR) algorithm. The device uses the walk-off phenomenon in birefringent crystals to separate images with opposite polarizations by a sub-pixel displacement. A liquid crystal (LC) waveplate plus a polarizer can then select the specific image to be exposed, with fast, non-mechanical control. This cascaded device, comprising two sapphire crystals, two LCs, and a single polarizer, is capable of 2-dimensional image shift with displacements of 0.5 pixels. The experimental results show that the image registration stability can be precisely controlled within 0.05 pixels and the contrast transfer function ratio of the SR image is enhanced by up to 1.36 times compared to the original captured image. Moreover, based on the fast transition time of LCs, the displaced sub-images can be recorded in video form with a frame rate of 40 fps.
Clinical Validation of Colorectal Cancer Biomarkers Identified from Bioinformatics Analysis of Public Expression Data (2011)

We have identified multiple novel biomarkers of CRC. Further analyses of their function and connection to signaling pathways may reveal potential value of these biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of CRC.
Antivirals for the treatment of herpesvirus infections (1993)

Agents available to treat herpesvirus infections include idoxuridine, trifluridine, vidarabine and acyclovir for the topical treatment of herpetic eye infections; vidarabine and acyclovir for the systemic (intravenous) treatment of herpes encephalitis; acyclovir for the topical and systemic (oral) treatment of genital herpes; acyclovir for the systemic (intravenous, oral) treatment of HSV or varicella-zoster (VZV) infections in immunosuppressed patients; brivudin for the systemic (oral) treatment of HSV-1 or VZV infections in immunosuppressed patients; and ganciclovir and foscarnet for the systemic (intravenous) treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients. Brivudin is also effective in the treatment of herpetic eye infections that no longer respond to idoxuridine, trifluridine, vidarabine or acyclovir; and foscarnet is effective in the treatment of infections with acyclovir-resistant, thymidine kinase-deficient (TK-) HSV or VZV mutants. Other antiviral agents considered for use in herpesvirus infections include brovavir, penciclovir (and its prodrug famciclovir), desciclovir (a prodrug of acyclovir), bishydroxymethylcyclobutylguanine (BHCG) and, in particular, 1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine (HPMPC). The latter is more active than either acyclovir or ganciclovir in the chemotherapy and prophylaxis of various HSV-1, HSV-2, TK- HSV, VZV or CMV infections in animal models.
Registration and blur estimation methods for multiple differently focused images (1999)

In this paper, we propose a registration method between multiple differently focused images using the hierarchical block matching technique in which displacement, scale and rotation are taken into account. Local deformation due to lens distortion is further corrected by local matching. We also propose an efficient estimation method of blur parameters of defocused regions in these focused images. Simulation results showed that the proposed methods achieve high accuracy. In experiments using real images captured by hand-held camera, an all focused image with good quality was able to be automatically generated using the corrected images and the estimated parameters.
An Approach to Highly Integrated, Computer-Maintained Cellular Arrays (1977)

This paper presents an LSI-oriented approach to computer-maintained rectangular arrays of programmable logic. No signal line connects more than a few cells. A loading mechanism in each cell allows a computer directly connected to one cell to load any good cell that is not walled off by flawed cells. A loading arm is grown by programming cells to form a path that carries loading information. Cell mechanisms allow a computer to monitor the growth of a loading arm, and to change the arm's route or retract the arm to avoid faulty cells. Properly loaded cells carry test signals between a tested cell and a testing computer directly connected to only a few cells. The computer discovers the faulty cells in an array, and repairs the array by loading the array's good cells. This allows a computer to embed a perfect, very reliable digital machine on an entire flawed semiconductor wafer.
To impact political policy, first prepare (2004)

Learn how to get involved politically and lobby effectively.
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Properties and side effects. (1988)

The purpose of this brief review is to separate the characteristic properties and side effects attributable to the pharmacology of the whole class of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors from those attributable to the chemical structure and kinetics of each particular ACE inhibitor. The former would be predictable and probably similar for all agents and, therefore, would be expected to recur with each agent, whereas the latter are likely to be characteristic of individual compounds and may be avoidable by changing to another compound with similar pharmacology but different molecular structure.
Anatomy and orientation of the human external ear. (1997)

A knowledge of the external ear and tympanic membrane is essential to practicing audiologists. This article provides an introduction to the anatomy of this area including dimensions, orientation, vasculature, innervation, and relations to other structures. Traditional diagrams are often inadequate in describing these structures. For example, typical frontal and sagittal views of the external auditory meatus do not adequately describe its anteroposterior course. Axial (transverse) views provide easier visualization of these areas. A nomenclature is also provided for areas and angles of the external auditory meatus.
<title>Image-data-based matching for affine-transformed pictures</title> (1993)

This paper presents a simple and robust pattern matching algorithm working on image-data level and requiring no feature extraction. A model picture is transformed into an estimated picture, and the estimated picture is matched to an actually input picture. Both the geometrical affine transformation and a linear gray-level transformation are examined, and the transformation parameters relating to the rotation, translation, expansion, and brightness are estimated by using a statistical optimization technique, i.e., an iterative non-linear least squares method where the residual sum of squares between the actually input picture and the estimated picture is used as an evaluation function. The characteristic of the proposed method is that the parameters are estimated by linear matrices calculations so that the calculation is markedly simplified and it could be processed in parallel for all the pixels. The matrices are easily calculated from the gray-level and its spatial derivatives in the horizontal and vertical directions in the model picture, and the gray-level in the actually input picture. As a result of some experiments for a simple pattern and a complicated one, it is confirmed that a translation parameter value is accurately estimated with approximately 0.1 pixel. The dynamics of parameter estimation are also examined.
Quantification of Uncoupling Protein 2 Reveals Its Main Expression in Immune Cells and Selective Up-Regulation during T-Cell Proliferation (2012)

Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is an inner mitochondrial membrane protein. Although the protein was discovered in 1997, its function and even its tissue distribution are still under debate. Here we present a quantitative analysis of mRNA and protein expression in various mice tissues, revealing that UCP2 is mainly expressed in organs and cells associated with the immune system. Although the UCP2 gene is present in the brain, as demonstrated using quantitative RT-PCR, the protein was not detectable in neurons under physiological conditions. Instead, we could detect UCP2 in microglia, which act in the immune defense of the central nervous system. In lymphocytes, activation led to a ten-fold increase of UCP2 protein expression simultaneously to the increase in levels of other mitochondrial proteins, whereas lymphocyte re-stimulation resulted in the selective increase of UCP2. The highest detected level of UCP2 expression in stimulated T-cells (0.54 ng/(µg total cellular protein)) was approximately 200 times lower than the level of UCP1 in brown adipose tissue from room temperature acclimated mice. Both the UCP2 expression pattern and the time course of up-regulation in stimulated T-cells imply UCP2's involvement in the immune response, probably by controlling the metabolism during cell proliferation.