gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Universal occurrence of antibodies to tubercle bacilli in sera from non-tuberculous and tuberculous individuals. (1973)

Studies were carried out to detect and quantitate humoral antibodies to components derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Using both quantitative and qualitative primary tests, binding was observed by all sera obtained from normal as well as from tuberculous subjects. There was a significant difference, however, in the amount of binding by sera from controls. There was a high incidence of both IgG and IgM antibodies in all sera. The universal occurrence of humoral antibodies demonstrated in this study suggests that most, if not all, persons have been sensitized to the tubercle bacillus to one degree or another. Evidence is presented that the immunogens involved may be derived from saprophytic and/or avirulent mycobacteria.
Purification and characterization of an extracellular glucoamylase from the thermophilic fungus Humicola grisea var. thermoidea (1993)

Humicola grisea var. thermoidea mycelium grown on maltose as the main source of carbon produced at least two amylases. The major amylolytic component was purified to homogeneity and classified as a glucoamylase. The apparent molecular mass of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 63 000 Da by SDS-PAGE and 65 000 Da by Bio-Gel P-100 filtration. The purified enzyme was a glycoprotein with 1.8% carbohydrate content and pH and temperature optima of 5.0 and 55 °C, respectively. The purified glucoamylase was thermostable at 60 °C with a half-life of 16 min at 65 °C. In the presence of starch the purified enzyme retained 75% of its thermostability at 65 °C, while the addition of maltose failed to protect the activity. The purified enzyme hydrolyzed branched substrates more efficiently than linear substrates. Starch and amylopectin were the best substrates utilized and amylose was hydrolyzed faster than maltopentaose, maltotetraose, and maltotriose. Kinetic experiments suggested that maltose and starch were hydrolyzed at the same catalytic site.Key words: glucoamylase, amylase, Humicola grisea.
Efficacy of IGFBP7 for treatment of metastatic melanoma and other cancers in mouse models and human cell lines (2009)

We recently identified the secreted protein IGFBP7 as a factor required for an activated BRAF oncogene to induce senescence or apoptosis in primary human cells. In human melanomas containing an activating BRAF mutation (BRAF-positive melanomas), IGFBP7 is epigenetically silenced, which seems to be a critical step in melanoma genesis. Restoration of IGFBP7 function by the addition of recombinant IGFBP7 (rIGFBP7) induces apoptosis in BRAF-positive human melanoma cell lines, and systemically administered rIGFBP7 markedly suppresses the growth of BRAF-positive primary tumors in xenografted mice. Here we further evaluate the role of IGFBP7 in the treatment of BRAF-positive melanoma and other malignancies. We find that in human metastatic melanoma samples IGFBP7 is epigenetically silenced and at an even higher frequency than that found in primary melanomas. Using a murine experimental metastasis assay, we show that systemic administration of rIGFBP7 markedly suppresses the growth of metastatic disease and prolongs survival. An analysis of the NCI60 panel of human cancer cell lines reveals that in addition to melanoma, IGFBP7 induces apoptosis in several other cancer types, in particular colorectal cancer cell lines. In general, IGFBP7 induces apoptosis in human cancer cell lines that have an activating mutation in BRAF or RAS, and that are sensitive to chemical inhibition of BRAF-MEK-ERK signaling. Significantly, systemically administered rIGFBP7 blocks the growth of colorectal tumors containing an activating RAS or BRAF mutation in mouse xenografts. The results presented here, in conjunction with those from previous studies, justify the further development of IGFBP7 as an anticancer agent.
Respiratory Arrest: A Complication of Arnold-Chiari Malformation in Adults (1996)

We describe the cases of 2 adult patients who developed respiratory arrest and were found to have Arnold-Chiari malformation on magnetic resonance imaging. Following posterior fossa decompression both patients improved, though one of them subsequently died during sleep. Imaging of the craniocervical junction should be part of the workup of patients with unexplained apneic episodes.
Magnetic fluids (1974)

Interest in fluids with strong magnetic properties has developed in recent years in connection with technical applications. Artificially created magnetic fluids are suspensions of very fine (~10–6 cm) particles of ferromagnetic material in ordinary (as a rule nonconducting) liquids. This review briefly describes the methods of preparation and considers the stability problems of magnetic colloids. It deals principally with their physical and hydrodynamic properties. It summarizes the results of theoretical and experimental investigations of the effect of a magnetic field on the equilibrium conditions and on the character of the motion of the suspensions. A considerable part of the article is devoted to an analysis of critical phenomena—instability of the free surface of the liquid in an external field and thermoconvective instability. The mechanisms of relaxation of the magnetization of a suspension are discussed; the most important of these are rotational Brownian motion of the particles and the Néel fluctuation mechanism, which leads to the superparamagnetism of subdomain particles of a ferromagnetic material. Important differences are noted between the hydrodynamics of suspensions of superparamagnetic and of ferromagnetic particles. In the latter case it is necessary to take account of rotation of the particles themselves, which greatly complicates the picture of the interaction of hydrodynamic and magnetic phenomena. Consideration is given to various effects caused by internal rotation: anisotropy of the viscosity and of the magnetic susceptibility, entrainment of the suspension by a rotating field, and dependence of the kinetic coefficients on the field intensity.
Cerebral blood flow in patients with chronic cerebrovascular disease: effect of acetyl L-carnitine. (1990)

The effect of acetyl-L-carnitine on cerebral blood flow was evaluated in ten patients with cerebrovascular disease, who suffered an ischaemic stroke at least six months before the study. All patients performed a computerized tomograph scan and were investigated by Xenon 133 using a brain dedicated Single Photon Emission Computerized Tomography. Acetyl-L-carnitine was administered intravenously (i.v.) at a dosage of 1.5 g. Cerebral blood flow (ml/min. 100 g) was evaluated before and 45 min after the injection. Cerebral blood flow improved in both the ispilateral and controlateral hemisphere of the ischaemic area, but not in the stroke corresponding zone. It is concluded that acetyl-L-carnitine at a dosage of 1.5 g i.v. improves cerebral blood flow in patients with cerebrovascular disease.
Free software tools for atlas-based volumetric neuroimage analysis (2005)

We describe new and freely available software tools for measuring volumes in subregions of the brain. The method is fast, flexible, and employs well-studied techniques based on the Talairach-Tournoux atlas. The software tools are released as plug-ins for MIPAV, a freely available and user-friendly image analysis software package developed by the National Institutes of Health. Our software tools include a digital Talairach atlas that consists of labels for 148 different substructures of the brain at various scales.
Clinical Treatment of Radiotherapy Tissue Damage by Lipoaspirate Transplant: A Healing Process Mediated by Adipose-Derived Adult Stem Cells (2007)

This surgical procedure is a low-invasive therapeutic approach for resolving the late side effects of radiotherapy. According to the proposed hypothesis of the ischemic nature of radiolesions, treatment with lipoaspirate transplantation is potentially extended to other forms of microangiopathies.
Genetic variation at the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 locus is associated with altered levels of plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity. (1991)

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a rapid inhibitor of tissue-type plasminogen activator, has been shown to be an independent risk factor for recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) at a young age. To investigate whether genetic variation in the PAI-1 gene is affecting plasma PAI-1 levels, a sample of 145 patients with an MI before the age of 45 years was genotyped for two polymorphisms at the PAI-1 locus, together with a sample of 95 healthy individuals of a similar age. All individuals were measured for plasma PAI-1 levels as well as for other fibrinolytic and metabolic risk indicators. A HindIII restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used in this study in conjunction with a previously unreported eight-allele dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the PAI-1 locus. The dinucleotide repeat polymorphism and HindIII RFLP were in strong linkage disequilibrium. There was no difference in the frequency of alleles of either polymorphism between patient and control groups. However, the smaller dinucleotide repeat alleles were significantly associated (p = 0.03) with higher plasma PAI-1 levels in the patient sample. This association was also apparent in the control sample but not at significant levels. Differences in regression coefficients for the effect of triglycerides on plasma PAI-1 levels suggest that triglyceride regulation of PAI-1 is genotype specific. Our data suggest that genetic variation at this locus contributes to between-individual differences in the level of plasma PAI-1, which is important in fibrinolysis and the pathogenesis of MI.
Targeted therapeutics for multiple myeloma: The arrival of a risk-stratified approach (2007)

Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable hematologic malignancy characterized by frequent early responses, inevitably followed by treatment relapse. Until recently, few effective therapies existed. Indeed, the use of alkylating agents and corticosteroids had remained the treatment of choice for almost four decades. Several novel agents for MM have now become available, including the immunomodulatory drugs thalidomide and lenalidomide, as well as the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Each of these agents is undergoing extensive clinical evaluation in combination with other therapies to produce unprecedented response rates in newly diagnosed and relapsed MM. Nevertheless, relapse remains universal and further therapeutics with broad activity are required. Importantly, it has become clear that pivotal genetic events are the primary harbingers of clinical outcome and novel targeted therapy approaches using existing approved drugs or novel agents, which address that disrupted signaling pathways are now in various stages of clinical testing. It seems increasingly likely that novel drug combinations, which together turn off these critical Achilles heels, will become the standard of care and that treatment will become increasingly personalized and guided by genetic testing and prognostic factors.
Spinal cord endoplasmic reticulum stress associated with a microsomal accumulation of mutant superoxide dismutase-1 in an ALS model (2006)

Mutation in superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1), which is a cause of ALS, alters the folding patterns of this protein. Accumulation of misfolded mutant SOD1 might activate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways. Here we show that transgenic mice expressing ALS-linked SOD1 mutants exhibit molecular alterations indicative of a recruitment of ER's signaling machinery. We demonstrate by biochemical and morphological methods that mutant SOD1 accumulates inside the ER, where it forms insoluble high molecular weight species and interacts with the ER chaperone immunoglobulin-binding protein. These alterations are age- and region-specific, because they develop over the course of the disease and occur in the affected spinal cord but not in the nonaffected cerebellum in transgenic mutant SOD1 mice. Our results suggest a toxic mechanism for mutant SOD1 by which this ubiquitously expressed pathogenic protein could affect motor neuron survival and contribute to the selective motor neuronal degeneration in ALS.
Incidence in Sweden and Clinical Features of Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (1991)

We retrospectively studied the incidence of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) in children during the 16-year period 1971-86. First, all departments of pediatrics, pathology, and infectious diseases were enquired for children with FHL or disorders resembling FHL. Secondly, the causes of death of all children who died during the study period in Sweden (n = 19,542) were also investigated. Files and histological specimens were further studied in selected children. By using a set of inclusion/exclusion criteria, we found 32 children with FHL. The incidence was 1.2/1,000,000 children per year. One child per 50,000 live borns developed FHL during this period. The sex ratio was close to 1:1. Prominent early clinical signs were fever (91%), splenomegaly (84%), hepatomegaly (90%), rash (43%), and lymph node enlargement (42%). Neurological symptoms, which developed in 47%, could totally dominate the clinical picture and develop prior to other symptoms and signs. Common laboratory findings were pancytopenia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypofibrinogenemia, elevated serum transaminases, hyperbilirubinemia, hyponatremia, hypoalbuminemia, and a moderate spinal fluid pleocytosis. Chest X-ray often revealed mostly discrete pulmonary infiltrates. FHL is an underdiagnosed disease and in only 11/32 children was diagnosis made during their lifetime. It is important to be aware of the disorder as potential therapy now exists.
Effect of Heart Rate Control With Esmolol on Hemodynamic and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Septic Shock (2013)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01231698.
Drug‐Free Macromolecular Therapeutics: Induction of Apoptosis by Coiled‐Coil‐Mediated Cross‐Linking of Antigens on the Cell Surface (2010)

Peptide biorecognition: The heterodimerization of complementary randomly coiled peptides, one (red) bound to an antibody fragment (gray) and one (green) grafted to a copolymer (black), to form coiled coils resulted in the cross-linking of CD20 target antigens (orange) on Raji B cells and consequently the initiation of apoptosis (see schematic representation). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Chemokines as Mediators of Allergic Inflammation (1996)

The selective distribution of reactive leukocytes to foci of inflammation or lymphoid organs is thought to rely on the generation of highly specific 'attractive' forces which can enhance or subvert the physiological trafficking process. It is becoming increasingly apparent that the selective trafficking of leukocytes is governed by both the release of soluble mediators, or chemoattractants, as well as the matrix upon or through which the cells must traverse. A balance exists between endogenous cellular adhesion receptors (as well as extracellular matrix proteins) and other inducible adhesion receptors which can be up-regulated on this 'docking station'. This dynamic environment provides a prominent signal for leukocyte extravasation from the blood or lymph vessel lumenal surface through to the tissue space. This report reviews current thinking on the delicate interplay between a superfamily of chemoattractant cytokines, the chemokines, and the various classes of cellular adhesion molecules. In it we highlight the idea that the balance between basal and inducible regulators of cell adhesion and migration is critical. Should it be disrupted, the signals responsible for induction and maintenance of an inflammatory response and those responsible for its resolution become disregulated, resulting in inflammatory pathology.
1A Voice Storage System: New Custom Calling Services (1982)

In creating new customer services, systems engineers traditionally conduct market needs analysis, engineering feasibility studies, and project economic analysis. Finally, they prepare development requirements. In addition, systems engineering designs the service from the customer's point of view. This article describes new custom calling services as the customer sees them and highlights some interesting features of the services.
An Adsorption-Based Model for Pulse Duration in Resistive-Pulse Protein Sensing (2010)

We have been investigating an electrochemical single-molecule counting experiment called nanopore resistive-pulse sensing. The sensor element is a conically shaped gold nanotube embedded in a thin polymeric membrane. We have been especially interested in counting protein molecules using these nanotube sensors. This is accomplished by placing the nanotube membrane between two electrolyte solutions, applying a transmembrane potential difference, and measuring the resulting ionic current flowing through the nanopore. In simplest terms, when a protein molecule enters and translocates the nanopore, it transiently blocks the ion current, resulting in a downward current pulse. We have found that the duration of such current-pulses are many orders of magnitude longer than the electrophoretic transport time of the protein through the nanotube detection zone. We develop here a simple model that accounts for this key, and previously explained, observation. This model assumes that the protein molecule engages in repeated adsorption/desorption events to/from the nanotube walls as it translocates through the detection zone. This model not only accounts for the long pulse duration but also for the triangular shape of the current pulse and the increase in the standard deviation of the pulse duration with increasing protein size. Furthermore, the results of our analyses are in general agreement with results obtained from other investigations of protein adsorption to surfaces. This includes the observations that smaller proteins stick more readily to the surface but remain adsorbed for shorter times than larger proteins. In addition, the sticking probabilities calculated from our data are in general agreement with results obtained from other methods.
Theory of ferromagnetic hysteresis (invited) (1984)

A mathematical theory of hysteresis in ferromagnetic materials is presented based on existing ideas of domain wall motion and domain rotation. Hysteresis is shown to occur as a result of impedances to changes of magnetization such as when domain walls are pinned, while the mutual interactions of the magnetic moments are shown to be of secondary importance in this respect. An equation for the anhysteretic or ideal magnetization curve is derived based on a mean field approximation and this is shown to be dependent on the mutual interactions of the moments but independent of impedances such as pinning. The introduction of a term which measures the impedance to changes in magnetization leads to a simple differential equation of state for a ferromagnet which exhibits all the features of hysteresis. Some modifications of the simple model are necessary in order to bring the solution closer to the real situation. Results are presented which show all the features of hysteresis such as initial magnetization curve, major hysteresis loops, and minor hysteresis loops in excellent agreement with experimental results.
Cleavage of DNA with methidiumpropyl-EDTA-iron(II): reaction conditions and product analyses (1984)

The synthesis of methidiumpropyl-EDTA (MPE) is described. The binding affinities of MPE, MPE.Ni(II), and MPE.Mg(II) to calf thymus DNA are 2.4 X 10(4) M-1, 1.5 X 10(5) M-1, and 1.2 X 10(5) M-1, respectively, in 50 mM NaCl, pH 7.4. The binding site size is two base pairs. MPE.Mg(II) unwinds PM2 DNA 11 +/- 3 degrees per bound molecule. MPE.Fe(II) in the presence of O2 efficiently cleaves DNA and with low sequence specificity. Reducing agents significantly enhance the efficiency of the cleavage reaction in the order sodium ascorbate greater than dithiothreitol greater than NADPH. At concentrations of 0.1-0.01 microM in MPE.Fe(II) and 10 microM in DNA base pairs, optimum ascorbate and dithiothreitol concentrations for DNA cleavage are 1-5 mM. Efficient cleavage of DNA (10 microM in base pairs) with MPE.Fe(II) (0.1-0.01 microM) occurs over a pH range of 7-10 with the optimum at 7.4 (Tris-HCl buffer). The optimum cleavage time is 3.5 h (22 degrees C). DNA cleavage is efficient in a Na+ ion concentration range of 5 mM to 1 M, with the optimum at 5 mM NaCl. The number of single-strand scissions on supercoiled DNA per MPE.Fe(II) under optimum conditions is 1.4. Metals such as Co(II), Mg(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) inhibit strand scission by MPE. The released products from DNA cleavage by MPE.Fe(II) are the four nucleotide bases. The DNA termini at the cleavage site are 5'-phosphate and roughly equal proportions of 3'-phosphate and 3'-(phosphoglycolic acid). The products are consistent with the oxidative degradation of the deoxyribose ring of the DNA backbone, most likely by hydroxy radical.
Full-scale testing and platform stabilization of a scanning lidar system for planetary landing (2008)

In August 2007, the engineering model of the Rendezvous Lidar System (RLS) was tested at the Sensor Test Range Facility that has been developed at NASA Langley Research Center for the calibration and characterization of 3-D imaging sensors. The three-dimensional test pattern used in this characterization is suitable for an empirical verification of the resolving capability of a lidar for both mid-range terminal rendezvous and hazard avoidance landing. The results of the RLS lidar measurements are reported and compared with image frames generated by a lidar simulator with an Effective Instantaneous Field of View (EIFOV) consistent with the actual scanning time-of-flight lidar specifications. These full-scale tests demonstrated the resolving capability of the lidar under static testing conditions. In landing operations, even though the lidar has a very short exposure time on a per-pulse basis, the dynamic motion of a lander spacecraft with respect to the landing site will cause pulse-to-pulse imaging distortion. MDA, Optech, and NGC Aerospace have teamed together to resolve this issue using motion compensation (platform stabilization) and motion correction (platform residual correction) techniques. Platform stabilization permits images with homogenous density to be generated so that no safe landing sites will be missed; platform residual errors that are not prevented by this stabilization are then corrected in the measurement data prior to map generation. The results of recent developments in platform stabilization and motion correction are reported and discussed in the context of total imaging error budget.