gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In-Situ Radiation Induced Doping (1990)

Abstract In this paper we describe a novel method of inducing conductivity in polyaniline photochemically or by electron-beam exposure. This is accomplished with the use of onium salts which are a class of materials that decompose upon irradiation generating protonic acids. We find that the onium salt may be blended with the polyaniline and upon irradiation, the generated acid acts as an in situ dopant for the polymer. Conductivity on the order of ⋍0.1 S/cm has been attained. This system has significant applications in lithography since it allows patterns of conducting lines to be generated. The polyaniline/onium system represents the first electrically conducting photo and electron-beam resist. In addition, we find that this radiation induced doping technique is applicable to polythiophene systems as well.
Long-Term Survival But Impaired Homeostatic Proliferation of Naïve T Cells in the Absence of p56 lck (2000)

Interactions between the T cell receptor (TCR) and major histocompatibility complex antigens are essential for the survival and homeostasis of peripheral T lymphocytes. However, little is known about the TCR signaling events that result from these interactions. The peripheral T cell pool of p56lck (lck)-deficient mice was reconstituted by the expression of an inducible lck transgene. Continued survival of peripheral naïve T cells was observed for long periods after switching off the transgene. Adoptive transfer of T cells from these mice into T lymphopoienic hosts confirmed that T cell survival was independent of lck but revealed its essential role in TCR-driven homeostatic proliferation of naïve T cells in response to the T cell-deficient host environment. These data suggest that survival and homeostatic expansion depend on different signals.
Broad passband multi/demultiplexer for multimode fibers using a diffraction grating and retroreflectors (1987)

A broad passband multi/demultiplexer for multimode fibers employing a diffraction grating and retroreflectors is presented. As shown by calculation and experimental results, a passband width proportional to the difference between the retroreflector length and the input fiber core diameter is attainable. Using a standard ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">50/125 \mu</tex> m) graded index fiber as the transmission fiber, 1-dB passband widths of 100 nm for the multiplexing channel and 94 nm for the demultiplexing channel with a channel spacing of 125 nm are achieved in a two-channel multi/demultiplexer. The minimum insertion losses for each channel are 2.3 and 2.7 dB, respectively.
Systematic characterization and optimization of 3D light field displays (2017)

One of the key issues in conventional stereoscopic displays is the well-known vergence-accommodation conflict problem due to the lack of the ability to render correct focus cues for 3D scenes. Recently several light field display methods have been explored to reconstruct a true 3D scene by sampling either the projections of the 3D scene at different depths or the directions of the light rays apparently emitted by the 3D scene and viewed from different eye positions. These methods are potentially capable of rendering correct or nearly correct focus cues and addressing the vergence-accommodation conflict problem. In this paper, we describe a generalized framework to model the image formation process of the existing light-field display methods and present a systematic method to simulate and characterize the retinal image and the accommodation response rendered by a light field display. We further employ this framework to investigate the trade-offs and guidelines for an optimal 3D light field display design. Our method is based on quantitatively evaluating the modulation transfer functions of the perceived retinal image of a light field display by accounting for the ocular factors of the human visual system.
1-Amino-2-phenylethylphosphonic acid: an inhibitor of L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in vitro. (1985)

L(-)-, and D(+)-enantiomers of 1-amino-2-phenylethylphosphonic acid (PheP), a phosphonic analogue of phenylalanine, inhibit the activity of L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.5) of potato tuber tissue in vitro. The apparent type of inhibition depends on concentration of PheP; as the concentration of D-PheP is raised from 10(-5) M to 2.5 X 10(-3) M, the type of inhibition shifts from competitive through mixed and non-competitive to uncompetitive. L-PheP exerts either a competitive or mixed-type inhibition at low (10(-6)-10(-5) M) or moderate (5 X 10(-5)-2 X 10(-4) M) concentration. Ki for the concentration range of competitive inhibition were 6.5 X 10(-6) M, 5.3 X 10(-5)M and 1.6 X 10(-5) M for L-, D-, and D,L-PheP, respectively. These Ki values are valid for a relatively narrow range of L-Phe concentration (0.2-4 mM) as L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase does not follow the Michaelis-Menten kinetics of the reaction.
Lipopolysaccharide로 유도된 BV-2 세포주의 염증반응에 대한 미세조류 부산물 당 가수분해물의 저해 활성 (2015)

In this study, we investigated anti-neuroinflammatory activities of enzymatic extracts of the microalgae residues, which were derived from the lipid extraction process, to improve the economic feasibility of algal biofuel. After lipid extraction, three microalgal residues (Chlorella sp., Nannochloropsis sp., Phaeodactylum tricornutum) were enzymatically hydrolyzed by four carbohydrases (Celluclast 1.5 L, Dextrozyme DX 1.5X, Promozyme D2, and Viscozyme L). Antioxidative activities of various enzymatic extracts from algal residues evaluated by measuring 2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), hydroxyl, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and alkyl radical-scavenging activities. All enzymatic extracts had scavenging potencies to ABTS + and alkyl radicals. Among the enzymatic extracts, Celluclast 1.5 L extracts from Nannochloropsis sp. residues (CN) showed the highest inhibitory activities on LPS-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in murine BV-2 microglia, and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in a dosedependentmanner. CN also significantly reduced the generation of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin- 1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in a dose-dependent manner. Hence, these antioxidant and anti-neuroinflammatory effects of CN might assist potential of microalgae residues as nutraceuticals for treatment and prevention against neurodegenerative diseases that are accompanied by microglial activation.
Insulin receptor expression by human prostate cancers (2008)

These observations document the presence of insulin receptors on primary human prostate cancers. The findings are relevant not only to ongoing clinical trials of drug candidates that target IGF-I and/or insulin receptors, but also to the hypothesis that obesity-associated hyperinsulinemia mediates the adverse effect of obesity on prostate cancer prognosis.
Versatile Acylation ofN-Nucleophiles Using a New Polymer-Supported 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole Derivative (1997)

The synthesis of a new polymer-supported coupling reagent derived from 1-hydroxybenzotriazole is described. An aminomethylated polystyrene was functionalized by reaction with 3-nitro-4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride (2) followed by treatement with hydrazine hydrate, to give the polymeric N-benzyl-1-hydroxybenzotriazole-6-sulfonamide (4).The polymeric reagent 4 was shown to be highly efficient for the synthesis of amides. The efficiency of 4 could be attributed to its high acidity, conferred by the sulfonyl moiety. The procedure for amide synthesis involves the formation of an activated ester on the derivatized polymer followed, in a second step, by treatment with an amine to generate the amide in solution. Simple filtration allows the separation of the product from the polymeric reagent which in this case plays the role of leaving group. An optimization study of this two-step procedure was performed. As amides are obtained in solution free of reaction byproducts, this method can be used in an automated procedure to recover them directly into a 96 well plate, ready to be used in high throughput screening assays. Thus 4 was shown to be particularly suitable for the high throughput parallel synthesis of amides libraries.
Exendin-4 Promotes Liver Cell Proliferation and Enhances the PDX-1-induced Liver to Pancreas Transdifferentiation Process (2009)

Over the last few years, evidence has accumulated revealing the unexpected potential of committed mammalian cells to convert to a different phenotype via a process called transdifferentiation or adult cell reprogramming. These findings may have major practical implications because this process may facilitate the generation of functional autologous tissues that can be used for replacing malfunctioning organs. An instructive role for transcription factors in diverting the developmental fate of cells in adult tissues has been demonstrated when adult human liver cells were induced to transdifferentiate to the pancreatic endocrine lineage upon ectopic expression of the pancreatic master regulator PDX-1 (pancreatic and duodenal homeobox gene 1). Since organogenesis and lineage commitment are affected also by developmental signals generated in response to environmental triggers, we have now analyzed whether the hormone GLP-1 (glucogen-like peptide-1) documented to play a role in pancreatic beta cell differentiation, maturation, and survival, can also increase the efficiency of liver to pancreas transdifferentiation. We demonstrate that the GLP-1R agonist, exendin-4, significantly improves the efficiency of PDX-1-mediated transdifferentiation. Exendin-4 affects the transdifferentiation process at two distinct steps; it increases the proliferation of liver cells predisposed to transdifferentiated in response to PDX-1 and promotes the maturation of transdifferentiated cells along the pancreatic lineage. Liver cell reprogramming toward the pancreatic beta cell lineage has been suggested as a strategy for functional replacement of the ablated insulin-producing cells in diabetics. Understanding the cellular and molecular basis of the transdifferentiation process will allow us to increase the efficiency of the reprogramming process and optimize its therapeutic merit.
Abstract 3371: Recurrence of Atrial fibrillation Following RF Ablation Correlates with the Extent of Post-procedural Left Atrial Scarring on Delayed-Enhancement CMR (2007)

The reasons for success or failure of radiofrequency (RF) ablation therapy in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients remain to be defined. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) can visualize RF ablati...
Mechanism of Mineral Formation in Bone (1990)

The mechanism of mineral formation in bone is seen best where active new bone formation is occurring, e.g., in newly forming subperiosteal bone of the embryo, in the growing bone of young animals, and in healing rickets where the calcification process in osteoid is reactivated. A large body of ultrastructural evidence, using conventional and anhydrous methods for tissue preparation, has shown convincingly that extracellular matrix vesicles are present at or near the mineralization front in all of the above, and that these vesicles are the initial site of apatite mineral deposition. Thus bone resembles growth plate cartilage, predentin, and turkey tendon in having calcification initiated by matrix vesicles. Once the calcification cascade is begun, matrix vesicles are no longer needed to support mineralization and are consumed by the advancing mineralization front in which performed crystals serve as nuclei for the formation of new crystals. The rate of crystal proliferation is promoted by the availability of Ca2+, PO4(3-), and the presence of collagen, and retarded by naturally occurring inhibitors of mineralization such as proteoglycans and several noncollagenous calcium-binding proteins of bone including bone-Gla protein (osteocalcin), phosphoproteins, osteonectin, and alpha-2HS-glycoproteins. New electron microscopic immunocytochemical findings in our laboratory suggest that the origin of alkaline phosphatase-positive bone matrix vesicles is polarized to the mineral-facing side of osteoblasts and may be concentrated near the intercellular junctions of human embryonic osteoblasts.
Genomic and Expression Profiling of Chromosome 17 in Breast Cancer Reveals Complex Patterns of Alterations and Novel Candidate Genes (2004)

Abstract Chromosome 17 is severely rearranged in breast cancer. Whereas the short arm undergoes frequent losses, the long arm harbors complex combinations of gains and losses. In this work we present a comprehensive study of quantitative anomalies at chromosome 17 by genomic array-comparative genomic hybridization and of associated RNA expression changes by cDNA arrays. We built a genomic array covering the entire chromosome at an average density of 1 clone per 0.5 Mb, and patterns of gains and losses were characterized in 30 breast cancer cell lines and 22 primary tumors. Genomic profiles indicated severe rearrangements. Compiling data from all samples, we subdivided chromosome 17 into 13 consensus segments: 4 regions showing mainly losses, 6 regions showing mainly gains, and 3 regions showing either gains or losses. Within these segments, smallest regions of overlap were defined (17 for gains and 16 for losses). Expression profiles were analyzed by means of cDNA arrays comprising 358 known genes at 17q. Comparison of expression changes with quantitative anomalies revealed that about half of the genes were consistently affected by copy number changes. We identified 85 genes overexpressed when gained (39 of which mapped within the smallest regions of overlap), 67 genes underexpressed when lost (32 of which mapped to minimal intervals of losses), and, interestingly, 32 genes showing reduced expression when gained. Candidate genes identified in this study belong to very diverse functional groups, and a number of them are novel candidates.
A Three‐Dimensional Mesoporous Titanosilicate Support for Gold Nanoparticles: Vapor‐Phase Epoxidation of Propene with High Conversion (2004)

Direct selective gas-phase epoxidation of propene with commercially viable conversion has been achieved with catalysts consisting of gold nanoparticles (3–5 nm) supported on large-pore (>7 nm) silylated mesoporous titanosilicates with Ba(NO3)2 as a promoter. The picture provides a plausible mechanism for the synergetic cooperation of the Au and Ti sites, which is superimposed onto a TEM image of the material.
Photonic Micro-Electromechanical Systems Vibrating atX-band (11-GHz) Rates (2009)

We report on an opto-mechanical resonator with vibration excited by compressive radiation pressure via stimulated Brillouin scattering [SBS]. We experimentally excite a mechanical whispering-gallery mode (WGM) from an optical WGM and detect vibration via the red Doppler shifted (Stokes) light it scatters. We numerically solve the stress-strain equation to calculate the circumferentially circulating mechanical WGM and reveal mechanical WGMs with a variety of transverse shapes. Frequency in our device is limited by the shortest optical wavelength it can transmit, irrespective of device size.
The Segment Routing Architecture (2015)

Network operators anticipate the offering of an increasing variety of cloud-based services with stringent Service Level Agreements. Technologies currently supporting IP networks however lack the flexibility and scalability properties to realize such evolution. In this article, we present Segment Routing (SR), a new network architecture aimed at filling this gap, driven by use-cases defined by network operators. SR implements the source routing and tunneling paradigms, letting nodes steer packets over paths using a sequence of instructions (segments) placed in the packet header. As such, SR allows the implementation of routing policies without per-flow entries at intermediate routers. This paper introduces the SR architecture, describes its related ongoing standardization efforts, and reviews the main use-cases envisioned by network operators.
Cytokines for the induction of antitumor effectors: The paradigm of Cytokine-Induced Killer (CIK) cells (2017)

Abstract Cytokine-Induced killer (CIK) cells are raising growing interest in cellular antitumor therapy, as they can be easily expanded with a straightforward and inexpensive protocol, and are safe requiring only GMP-grade cytokines to obtain very high amounts of cytotoxic cells. CIK cells do not need antigen-specific stimuli to be activated and proliferate, as they recognize and destroy tumor cells in an HLA-independent fashion through the engagement of NKG2D. In several preclinical studies and clinical trials, CIK cells showed a reduced alloreactivity compared to conventional T cells, even when challenged across HLA-barriers; only in a few patients, a mild GVHD occurred after treatment with allogeneic CIK cells. Additionally, their antitumor activity can be redirected and further improved with chimeric antigen receptors, clinical-grade monoclonal antibodies or immune checkpoint inhibitors. The evidence obtained from a growing body of literature support CIK cells as a very promising cell population for adoptive immunotherapy. In this review, all these aspects will be addressed with a particular emphasis on the role of the cytokines involved in CIK cell generation, expansion and functionalization.
Adhesion of Endothelial Cells to NOV Is Mediated by the Integrins αvβ3 and α5β1 (2003)

NOV is a member of the CCN family of matricellular proteins. We have shown previously that NOV is strongly expressed by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of the rat carotid artery. However, 7 days after injury, NOV expression is down-regulated, except near the luminal surface of the developing intima, where it is strongly expressed. These data suggested that NOV might be involved in the regulation of endothelial cell adhesion. NOV promoted the adhesion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), which was abolished by anti-NOV antibody. HUVEC adhesion to NOV required divalent cations and was inhibited by GRGDS peptide, implicating integrins in the adhesion mechanism. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against alphavbeta3 inhibited adhesion of HUVECs to NOV, and NOV was shown to bind to alphavbeta3. Anti-alpha5beta1 mAbs also inhibited HUVEC adhesion to NOV, but adhesion via alpha5beta1 was mediated by fibronectin. HUVEC adhesion to NOV caused intracellular signalling, as evidenced by increased phosphotyrosine content of focal adhesion kinase. Together with evidence that NOV expression in a variety of tissues is restricted to blood vessels containing VSMCs, these data are consistent with a role for NOV in endothelial cell adhesion in vascular homeostasis and in the response to injury.
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) may be linked to the BF and HLA loci on human chromosome 6 (1988)

Although certain forms of epilepsy have long been suspected to be inherited, heterogeneity has made it difficult to find the genes responsible for any subtypes. We found that families ascertained through patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy show linkage with the BF and HLA loci on human chromosome 6. There is some evidence that the locus may be outside the HLA complex and no evidence as yet of an association with any allele of the HLA complex.
Binding to the naturally occurring double p53 binding site of the Mdm2 promoter alleviates the requirement for p53 C-terminal activation (2001)

Genotoxic stress activation of the tumor suppressor transcription factor p53 involves post-translational C-terminal modifications that increase both protein stability and DNA binding activity. We compared the requirement for p53 protein activation of p53 target sequences in two major p53-regulated genes, p21/WAF1 (encoding a cell cycle inhibitory protein) and Mdm2 (encoding a ubiquitin ligase that targets p53 for proteolytic degradation). The p53 binding site in the proximal p21/WAF1 promoter contains a single p53 binding consensus sequence, while the p53 binding site in the Mdm2 promoter contains two consensus sequences linked by a 17 bp spacer. Binding of recombinant p53 protein to the p21/WAF1 binding site required monoclonal antibody PAb421, which can mimic activating phosphorylation and/or acetylation events at the C-terminus. In contrast, recombinant p53 bound strongly to the Mdm2 binding site in the absence of PAb421 antibody. Separate binding to each consensus sequence of the Mdm2 binding site still required PAb421, indicating that p53 binding was not simply due to greater affinity to the Mdm2 consensus sequences. Linking two p21/WAF1 binding sites with the 17 bp spacer region from the Mdm2 gene eliminated the PAb421 requirement for p53 binding to the p21/WAF1 site. These results suggest a mechanism for regulation of Mdm2 gene transcription that differs from that other p53-induced genes by its lack of a requirement for C-terminal activation of p53 protein. A steady induction of Mdm2 protein would maintain p53 protein at low levels until post-translational modifications following DNA damage increased p53 activity towards other genes, mediating p53 growth inhibitory and apoptotic activities.
High frequency measurement technique for patterned soft magnetic film permeability with magnetic film/conductor/magnetic film inductance line (1993)

This article describes a new technique in the 1 MHz to 1 GHz range for measuring the permeability of patterned soft magnetic films. An inductance line with a magnetic film/conductor/magnetic film structure makes it possible to measure permeability at frequencies of up to 1 GHz because of the low stray capacitance and high resonance frequency of the electric circuit. The magnetic film pattern is designed so that the demagnetizing field can be ignored, and the absolute permeability value is estimated by analyzing the magnetic circuit. No anomaly, which may be caused by a magnetic charge at the pattern edge or a dimensional resonance, is observed using this pattern. Also, the relative permeability μr′(0) and ferromagnetic resonance frequency fk measured with this technique, are confirmed to be in good agreement with the values calculated from static magnetic properties.
Image retrieval with an octree-based color indexing scheme (2002)

Multiresolution color indexing schemes for feature-based image retrieval are investigated in this research. A new color feature based on the octree structure of color quantization is proposed to achieve efficient multiresolution image indexing and retrieval. A selective filtering method is introduced to facilitate the retrieval process. Experiments are performed to illustrate the performance of the proposed multiresolution retrieval approach.
The generalized endotoxic principle (2003)

Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (endotoxins, LPS) belong to the most potent immunostimulators in mammals. The endotoxic principle of LPS is located in its lipid A moiety, which for Escherichia coli-type LPS consists of a hexaacylated diphosphoryl diglucosamine backbone. This lipid A adopts a cubic inverted aggregate structure from which a conical shape of the molecule can be deduced, whereas the tetraacyl lipid A precursor IVa adopts a cylindrical shape and is endotoxically inactive, but antagonizes active LPS. We hypothesize that non-lipid A amphiphiles with similar physicochemical properties of amphiphilicity, charge, and shape, might mimic the respective lipid A. To test this hypothesis, phospholipid-like amphiphiles with six acyl chains attached to a bisphosphorylated serine-like backbone of varying length replacing the diglucosamine backbone were synthesized. The compound with a short backbone fulfills all criteria of an endotoxic agonist, and that with long backbone fulfills those of an antagonist. This holds true for the human as well as for the murine system. Interestingly, these compounds are inactive in the Limulus amebocyte lysate test which is specific for LPS diglucosamine backbone. These results define a general endotoxic principle and, furthermore, provide new insights into an understanding of early steps of endotoxin action.