gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vivo tumor growth inhibition produced by a novel sulfonamide, E7010, against rodent and human tumors. (1994)

The search for compounds active against solid tumors has led us to the discovery of a novel sulfonamide, E7010 (N-[2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)amino]-3-pyridinyl]-4- methoxybenzenesulfonamide), which inhibits tubulin polymerization. When administered orally, E7010 showed good antitumor activity against various rodent tumors and human tumor xenografts. In tests on mouse tumor, E7010, administered in doses of 25-100 mg/kg daily for 8 days, inhibited the growth of colon 38 carcinoma inoculated s.c. in mice by 60-99%. E7010 was active against s.c. inoculated M5076 fibrosarcoma (75% tumor growth inhibition), s.c. inoculated Lewis lung carcinoma (84% increase in life span), and i.p. inoculated P388 leukemia (118% increase in life span). In a test on rat tumor, E7010 inhibited the growth of SST-2 mammary carcinoma inoculated s.c. in rats by 84%. In tests on s.c. inoculated human tumor xenografts, E7010, when administered orally, showed a broad spectrum of activity. E7010 inhibited the growth of: four kinds of gastric cancer, H-81, H-111, SC-2, and SC-6 by 60-78%; three kinds of colon cancer, H-143, COLO320DM, and WiDr by 58-83%; three kinds of lung cancer, LC-376, LC-6, and LX-1 by 63-82%; and two kinds of breast cancer, H-31 and MX-1 by 79-87%. In studies on drug-resistant P388 leukemia, E7010 was effective against vincristine-resistant P388, cisplatin-resistant P388, and 5-fluorouracil-resistant P388 sublines in mice. Because of its good activity against rodent tumors and human tumor xenografts, E7010 is currently undergoing Phase I clinical trials.
Dossier Cárcel. Políticas Públicas y Privatización. El caso del sistema de prisión (2003)

Americanae nace como un proyecto conjunto que surge dentro de la Red Europea de Información y Documentación sobre América Latina (REDIAL), y que ha afrontado la Biblioteca de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). Esta nueva biblioteca virtual hace más accesibles los libros digitales de tema americanista a los investigadores y usuarios interesados de cualquier parte del mundo.
Contribution of Asian mouse subspeciesMus musculus molossinusto genomic constitution of strain C57BL/6J, as defined by BAC-end sequence–SNP analysis (2004)

MSM/Ms is an inbred strain derived from the Japanese wild mouse, Mus musculus molossinus. It is believed that subspecies molossinus has contributed substantially to the genome constitution of common laboratory strains of mice, although the majority of their genome is derived from the west European M. m. domesticus. Information on the molossinus genome is thus essential not only for genetic studies involving molossinus but also for characterization of common laboratory strains. Here, we report the construction of an arrayed bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library from male MSM/Ms genomic DNA, covering approximately 1x genome equivalent. Both ends of 176,256 BAC clone inserts were sequenced, and 62,988 BAC-end sequence (BES) pairs were mapped onto the C57BL/6J genome (NCBI mouse Build 30), covering 2,228,164 kbp or 89% of the total genome. Taking advantage of the BES map data, we established a computer-based clone screening system. Comparison of the MSM/Ms and C57BL/6J sequences revealed 489,200 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 51,137,941 bp sequenced. The overall nucleotide substitution rate was as high as 0.0096. The distribution of SNPs along the C57BL/6J genome was not uniform: The majority of the genome showed a high SNP rate, and only 5.2% of the genome showed an extremely low SNP rate (percentage identity = 0.9997); these sequences are likely derived from the molossinus genome.
Effect of the Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin as Monotherapy on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (2006)

In this 24-week study, once-daily sitagliptin monotherapy improved glycemic control in the fasting and postprandial states, improved measures of beta-cell function, and was well tolerated in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Histopathologic Variability in Usual and Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonias (2001)

Findings of surgical lung biopsy (SLB) are important in categorizing patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP). We investigated whether histologic variability would be evident in SLB specimens from multiple lobes in patients with IIP. SLBs from 168 patients, 109 of whom had multiple lobes biopsied, were reviewed by three pathologists. A diagnosis was assigned to each lobe. A different diagnosis was found between lobes in 26% of the patients. Patients with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) in all lobes were categorized as concordant for UIP (n = 51) and those with UIP in at least one lobe were categorized as discordant for UIP (n = 28). Patients with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) in all lobes were categorized as having fibrotic (n = 25) or cellular NSIP (n = 5). No consistent distribution of lobar histology was noted. Patients concordant for UIP were older (63 +/- 9 [mean +/- SD] yr; p < 0.05 as compared with all other groups) than those discordant for UIP (57 +/- 12 yr) or with fibrotic NSIP (56 +/- 11 yr) or cellular NSIP (50 +/- 9 yr). Semiquantitative high-resolution computed tomography demonstrated a varied profusion of fibrosis (p < 0.05 for all group comparisons), with more fibrosis in concordant UIP (2.13 +/- 0.62) than in discordant UIP (1.42 +/- 0.73), fibrotic NSIP (0.83 +/- 0.58), or cellular NSIP (0.44 +/- 0.42). Survival was better for patients with NSIP than for those in both UIP groups (p < 0.001), although survival in the two UIP groups was comparable (p = 0.16). Lobar histologic variability is frequent in patients with IIP, patients with a histologic pattern of UIP in any lobe should be classified as having UIP.
BiCMOS circuit technology for high-speed DRAMs (1993)

A BiCMOS circuit technology featured by a novel bit-line sense amplifier has been developed. The bit-line sense amplifier is composed of a BiCMOS differential amplifier, the impedance-converting means featured by the CMOS current mirror circuit or the clocked CMOS inverter between the bit line and the base node of the BiCMOS differential amplifier, and a conventional CMOS flip-flop. This technology can reduce the access time to half that of a conventional CMOS DRAM access time. Applied to a 1-kb DRAM test chip, a new BiCMOS circuit technology was successfully verified. Furthermore, the sensitivity and area penalty of the new BiCMOS bit-line sense amplifier and future applications to megabit DRAMs are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
DNA-Templated Functional Group Transformations Enable Sequence-Programmed Synthesis Using Small-Molecule Reagents (2005)

DNA-templated organic synthesis (DTS) has previously been used primarily to direct coupling reactions between two DNA-linked reactants. In some cases, reactants are difficult or impossible to tether to DNA oligonucleotides. The development of strategies that enable non-DNA linked small-molecule reagents to participate in sequence-programmed synthesis therefore would significantly expand the capabilities of DTS. We developed efficient DNA-templated functional group transformations of template-linked azides into corresponding amines, carboxylic acids, and thiols. The application of these reactions to a single-solution mixture of four template-linked organic azides enabled each azide to be transformed sequence specifically into a sulfonamide, carbamate, urea, or thiourea using small-molecule sulfonyl chloride, chloroformate, isocyanate, or isothiocyanate reagents not tethered to DNA. Only the four desired products were observed, without formation of any of the 12 possible undesired cross-products. Our results represent a new approach to small molecule diversification in a DNA-programmed manner.
Assessment of Articular Cartilage and Subchondral Bone: Subtle and Progressive Changes in Experimental Osteoarthritis Using 50 MHz Echography In Vitro (1997)

The main objectives of this work were to demonstrate the potential of 50 MHz echography for assessing initial and progressive morphological and structural changes of articular cartilage and bone developed in an experimental model of osteoarthritis (OA). Degenerative lesions were induced in rat knees by the unilateral intra-articular injection of a 3 mg dose of mono-iodo-acetic acid. To assess the lesion progression, the animals (n = 30) were sacrificed at different time intervals up to 8 weeks after the injection. Three-dimensional echographic data were acquired in vitro on patellar cartilage and bone at various stages of the remodeling process using a scanning ultrasound microscope. Changes involving the OA cartilage characteristics are discussed relative to those of the contralateral control joint which received a placebo. Images of control cartilage showed a smooth hyperechoic articular surface and an echoic matrix. The cartilage thickness was 266 +/- 44 microns (mean +/- SD) in the central region of the tissue. The precision of ultrasonic thickness measurements was better than 1.3%. First changes in cartilage internal structure and subchondral bone appeared on ultrasound images 3 days after the injection and were even more evident by day 7. They resulted in a slight thinning of the cartilage, a 30% increase of its internal structure echogenicity, and the appearance of echoic zones in subchondral bone. Histologic findings confirmed chondrocyte depletion and degeneration, decrease of matrix proteoglycans, and fibrovascular connective tissue proliferation at the subchondral plate. Progressive and severe lesions at both bone and cartilage surface and internal structure were assessed and correlated to histologic features. These results show that high resolution echography is sensitive to subtle and progressive osteochondral remodeling. This technique has the potential to be used for intra-articular quantitative imaging and assessment of early changes in bone and cartilage structure associated with natural human disease.
Production of recombinant L-leucine dehydrogenase from Bacillus cereus in pilot scale using the runaway replication system E. coli[piet98] (2000)

A method for the production of recombinant L-leucine dehydrogenase from Bacillus cereus in pilot scale is described employing the temperature induced runaway replication vector pIET98 and the Escherichia coli host strain BL21. Fed-batch cultivation using a semi-synthetic high-cell densitiy medium was adjusted in 5-L scale to yield a constant growth rate of 0,17 h−1 and a final cell concentration of 27 g dry weight/L by exponentially increasing the nutrient supply. Runaway replication and thus, LeuDH expression was induced during the feeding phase by increasing the cultivation temperature to 41°C yielding a specific enzyme activity of 110 U/mg, which corresponds to 30% of the soluble cell protein. The cultivation was terminated when the dissolved oxygen content fell below 10% saturation. The final volume activity was 600,000 U/L cultivation. No change in growth, cell density, or expression activity was observed scaling up the cultivation volume to 200 L. Thus, 120,000,000 units L-leucine dehydrogenase were obtained from one cultivation. The purification of L-leucine dehydrogenase to homogeneity was carried out by heat denaturation, liquid–liquid extraction, gel filtration, and anion-exchange chromatography to give pure enzyme in 65% yield. The integrity of the recombinant enzyme was tested measuring the molecular weight and determining the N-terminal amino acid sequence. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 68: 557–562, 2000.
Molecular cloning of the human nucleotide-excision-repair gene ERCC4. (1994)

ERCC4 was previously identified in somatic cell hybrids as a human gene that corrects the nucleotide-excision-repair deficiency in mutant hamster cells. The cloning strategy for ERCC4 involved transfection of the repair-deficient hamster cell line UV41 with a human sCos-1 cosmid library derived from chromosome 16. Enhanced UV resistance was seen with one cosmid-library transformant and two secondary transformants of UV41. Cosmid clones carrying a functional ERCC4 gene were isolated from a library of a secondary transformant by selecting in Escherichia coli for expression of a linked neomycin-resistance gene that was present in the sCos-1 vector. The cosmids mapped to 16p13.13-p13.2, the location assigned to ERCC4 by using somatic cell hybrids. Upon transfection into UV41, six cosmid clones gave partial correction ranging from 30% to 64%, although all appeared to contain the complete gene. The capacity for in vitro excision of thymine dimers from a plasmid by transformant cell extracts correlated qualitatively with enhanced UV resistance.
Analysis of the influence of head rotation during drug-induced sleep endoscopy in obstructive sleep apnea (2014)

Head rotation improves upper airway collapse during DISE in supine position. This improvement of upper airway patency is more predominant in POSA patients.
TriBiCa: Trie Bitmap Content Analyzer for High-Speed Network Intrusion Detection (2007)

Deep packet inspection (DPI) is often used in network intrusion detection and prevention systems (NIDPS), where incoming packet payloads are compared against known attack signatures. Processing every single byte in the incoming packet payload has a very stringent time constraint, e.g., 200 ps for a 40-Gbps line. Traditional DPI systems either need a large memory space or use special memory such as ternary content addressable memory (TCAM), limiting parallelism, or yielding high cost/power consumption. In this paper, we present a highspeed, single-chip DPI scheme that is scalable and configurable through memory updates. The scheme is based on a novel data structure called TriBiCa (trie bitmap content analyzer), which provides minimal perfect hashing functionality. It uses a trie structure with a hash function performed at each layer. Branching is determined by the hashing results with an objective to evenly partition attack signatures into multiple groups at each layer. During a query, as an input traverses the trie, an address to a table in the memory that stores all attack signatures is formed and is used to access the signature for an exact match. Due to the small space required, multiple copies of TriBiCa can be implemented on a single chip to perform pipelining and parallelism simultaneously, thus achieving high throughput. We have designed the TriBiCa on a modest FPGA chip, Xilinx Virtex II Pro, achieving 10-Gbps throughput without using any external memory. A proof-of-concept design is implemented and tested with 1-Gbps packet streams. By using today's state-of-the-art FPGAs, a throughput of 40 Gbps is believed to be achievable.
Quantum Chaotic Environments, the Butterfly Effect, and Decoherence (2002)

We investigate the sensitivity of quantum systems that are chaotic in a classical limit to small perturbations of their equations of motion. This sensitivity, originally studied in the context of defining quantum chaos, is relevant to decoherence when the environment has a chaotic classical counterpart.
Characterization of intervertebral disc degeneration by high‐resolution magic angle spinning (HR‐MAS) spectroscopy (2005)

The goal of this study was to determine the ability of high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) NMR spectroscopy to distinguish different stages of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). 17 discs were removed from human cadavers and analyzed them using 1D and 2D (total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY)) (1)H HR-MAS spectroscopy, and T(1) and T(2) relaxation time measurements to determine the chemical composition and changes in chemical environment of discs with increasing levels of degeneration (Thompson grade). Among the significant findings were that spectra were very similar for samples taken from annular and nuclear regions of discs, and that visually apparent changes were observed in the spectra of the annular and nuclear samples from discs with increasing Thompson grade. Area ratios of the N-acetyl to choline (Cho) regions, and Cho to carbohydrate (Carb) regions of the spectra allowed us to discriminate between discs of increasing Thompson grade with minimal overlap of individual ratios. Changes in T(1) and T(2) relaxation times of the chemical constituents of disc spectra were not significantly correlated to the degree of degeneration. The results of this study support the feasibility of using in vivo spectroscopy for detecting chemical changes associated with disc degeneration.
Contribution of Cells at the Site of DNA Vaccination to the Generation of Antigen-Specific Immunity and Memory (1998)

Gene gun-mediated DNA vaccination stimulates an immune response characterized by the activation of IgG-secreting B cells and IFN-gamma-secreting T cells. To monitor the contribution of cells at the site of vaccination to this process, transfected skin was periodically removed and grafted onto naive recipients. Immediate removal of vaccinated skin abrogated the development of an immune response. Low-level IgG production was stimulated when the vaccination site was left in place for > or = 5 h, with the strength of this response increasing the longer the site remained intact (for up to 2 wk). Measurable primary T cell responses were observed in animals whose vaccination site remained in place for > or = 1 day. Skin grafts transferred 0 to 24 h postvaccination stimulated a primary immune response in naive recipients. Memory B and T cells were generated in animals whose site of vaccination remained intact for 5 to 12 h. Skin transferred within 12 h of vaccination triggered memory B and T cell development in graft recipients, while the removal of skin >12 h postvaccination did not reduce memory in vaccinated mice. These findings suggest that 1) primary immunity is induced by cells that migrate rapidly from the site of immunization, 2) nonmigratory cells influence the magnitude of this primary response, and 3) migratory cells alone are responsible for the induction of immunologic memory.
IL‐33‐activated dendritic cells are critical for allergic airway inflammation (2011)

IL-33, a new member of the IL-1 family cytokine, is involved in Th2-type responses in a wide range of diseases and signals through the ST2 receptor expressed on many immune cells. Since the effects of IL-33 on DCs remain controversial, we investigated the ability of IL-33 to modulate DC functions in vitro and in vivo. Here, we report that IL-33 activates myeloid DCs to produce IL-6, IL-1b, TNF, CCL17 and to express high levels of CD40, CD80 OX40L and CCR7. Importantly, IL-33-activated DCs prime naive lymphocytes to produce the Th2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13, but not IL-4. In vivo, IL-33 exposure induces DC recruitment and activation in the lung. Using an OVA-induced allergic lung inflammation model, we demonstrate that the reduced airway inflammation in ST2-deficient mice correlates with the failure in DC activation and migration to the draining LN. Finally, we show that adoptive transfer of IL-33-activated DCs exacerbates lung inflammation in a DC-driven model of allergic airway inflammation. These data demonstrate for the first time that IL-33 activates DCs during antigen presentation and thereby drives a Th2-type response in allergic lung inflammation.
Equipotent mouse ribosomal protein promoters have a similar architecture that includes internal sequence elements. (1989)

The promoters of the mouse ribosomal protein genes rpL30, rpL32, and rpS16 are of equal strength, as indicated by in vivo measurements of polymerase loading and by their relative efficiency in driving the expression of a linked reporter gene. The equipotency of these promoters appears to derive from a remarkably similar architecture in which five or more elements are distributed over a 200-bp region that spans a polypyrimidine-embedded cap site. Three trans-acting factors are shared by the rpL30 and rpL32 promoters, one of which, delta, recognizes a common CNGCCATCT motif in the first (untranslated) exons. Site-specific mutagenesis demonstrated that delta-factor binding is critical for rpL30 promoter function. The repeated occurrence of this novel promoter architecture among ribosomal protein genes with very different coding specificities is most readily explained by convergent evolution.
The RecA Protein: Structure and Functio (1990)

(1990). The RecA Protein: Structure and Functio. Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology: Vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 415-456.
Stable Superhydrophobic Surface via Carbon Nanotubes Coated with a ZnO Thin Film (2005)

We report the formation of a stable superhydrophobic surface via aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) coated with a zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film. The CNT template was synthesized by chemical vapor deposition on an Fe-N catalyst layer. The ZnO film, with a low surface energy, was deposited on the CNT template by the filtered cathodic vacuum arc technique. Contact angle measurement reveals that the surface of the ZnO-coated CNTs is superhydrophobic with water contact angle of 159 degrees . Unlike the uncoated CNTs surface, the ZnO-coated CNTs surface shows no sign of water seepage even after a prolonged period of time. The wettability of the surface can be reversibly changed from superhydrophobicity to hydrophilicity by alternation of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and dark storage.
In vivo mapping of cerebral acetylcholinesterase activity in aging and Alzheimer’s disease (1999)

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> To validate an in vivo method for mapping acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in human brain, preparatory to monitoring inhibitor therapy in AD. <b><i>Background:</i></b> AChE activity is decreased in postmortem AD brain. Lacking a reliable in vivo measure, little is known about central activity in early AD, when the disease is commonly targeted by AChE inhibitor drug therapy. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Intravenous <i>N</i>-[<sup>11</sup>C]methylpiperidin-4-yl propionate ([<sup>11</sup>C]PMP) served as an in vivo AChE substrate. AChE activity was defined using cerebral PET for tracer kinetic estimates of the local rate of [<sup>11</sup>C]PMP hydrolysis in 26 normal controls and 14 patients with AD. Eleven AD patients also had concomitant in vivo cerebral measures of vesicular acetylcholine transporter (cholinergic terminal) density and glucose metabolism. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Cerebral AChE activity measures 1) were independent of changes in tracer delivery to cerebral cortex; 2) agreed with reported postmortem data concerning normal relative cerebral distributions, absence of large age-effect in normal aging, and deficits in AD; 3) correlated in AD cerebral cortex with concomitant in vivo measures of cholinergic terminal deficits, but not with metabolic deficits; and 4) agreed quantitatively with predicted level of cerebral AChE inhibition induced by physostimine. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This in vivo PET method provided valid measures of central AChE activity in normal subjects and AD patients. Applied in early AD, it should facilitate inhibitor treatment by confirming central inhibition, optimizing drug dosage, identifying likely responders, and testing surrogate markers of therapeutic response.