gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of particulate materials and osmoprotectants on very-high-gravity ethanolic fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1994)

The effects of osmoprotectants (such as glycine betaine and proline) and particulate materials on the fermentation of very high concentrations of glucose by the brewing strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae (uvarum) NCYC 1324 were studied. The yeast growing at 20 degrees C consumed only 15 g of the sugar per 100 ml from a minimal medium which initially contained 35% (wt/vol) glucose. Supplementing the medium with a mixture of glycine betaine, glycine, and proline increased the amount of sugar fermented to 30.5 g/100 ml. With such supplementation, the viability of the yeast cells was maintained above 80% throughout the fermentation, while it dropped to less than 12% in the unsupplemented controls. Among single additives, glycine was more effective than proline or glycine betaine. On incubating the cultures for 10 days, the viability decreased to only 55% with glycine, while it dropped to 36 and 27%, respectively, with glycine betaine and proline. It is suggested that glycine and proline, known to be poor nitrogen sources for growth, may serve directly or indirectly as osmoprotectants. Nutrients such as tryptone, yeast extract, and a mixture of purine and pyrimidine bases increased the sugar uptake and ethanol production but did not allow the population to maintain the high level of cell viability. While only 43% of the sugar was fermented in unsupplemented medium, the presence of particulate materials such as wheat bran, wheat mash insolubles, alumina, and soy flour increased sugar utilization to 68, 75, 81, and 82%, respectively.
Histamine Release and Local Responses of Rat and Human Skin to Substance P and Other Mammalian Tachykinins (1986)

Substance P and two recently identified neurokinins, substance K and neuromedin K as well as the nonmammalian tachykinin kassinin were compared for histamine-releasing abilities from rat mast cells, plasma extravasation effects on rat skin, and wheal and flare responses on human skin. Among the four tachykinins, a significantly dose-dependent histamine release from rat mast cells and a flare response in human skin was observed only with substance P, indicating the possible implication of histamine in this response. On the other hand, the four peptides were similarly active on the wheal response (plasma extravasation produced by increased permeability of capillaries and venules) in human skin and on the plasma extravasation in the rat skin, suggesting a dissociation of effects and possibly of receptors.
Bispecific antibody targeted stem cell therapy for myocardial repair (2008)

Cardiac cell therapy for myocardial infarction has been extensively studied due to its regenerative potential. However, the success of cardiac cell therapy is greatly limited by delivery efficiency, cell fate after delivery, and possible proarrhythmia associated with some cell types. To successfully improve efficiency of cardiac cell therapy, we herein proposed a new bispecific antibody (BiAb) targeting technology to efficiently deliver therapeutical cells to myocardial injury by chemically linking monoclonal antibody specifics to myocardial injury and another monoclonal antibody binding to the therapeutical cells. To reach this goal, in this work, we first optimized the method to arm BiAb to human hematopoietic stem cells (hHSCs) and consequently verified that the BiAb armed hHSCs could be successfully and efficiently delivered to injured myocardium. By comparing and contrasting the BiAb targeting method with more conventional systematical administration and direct injection into damaged myocardium;, we investigated the beneficial effect of hHSCs in improving/preserving cardiac function and reducing the size of infarction and explored the angiogenic mechanism of hHSCs in myocardial infarction. We also studied whether or not hHSCs are proarrhythmic by comparing the ventricular tachycardia inducibility, effective refractory period and conduction velocity between treatment and a control group and a new analytic method of electrophysiological data was proposed and compared with traditional approaches based on time series analysis. Overall results in this work demonstrated that BiAb targeting is significantly better than systematical administration and comparable, if not better, to direction injection in terms of preserving cardiac function, reducing myocardial infarction size, and promoting angiogenesis in myocardial infarction. Human HSCs are not proarrhythmic and hHSCs targeted by BiAb showed improved electrophysiological properties than control group. Therefore we concluded that BiAb targeting is an effective and efficiently delivery method and it further leads the therapeutical cells to a more favorable milieu to help the cell survival; hHSCs preserved cardiac function with the aid of BiAb through angiogenesis.
A Shrinkage Approach to Large-Scale Covariance Matrix Estimation and Implications for Functional Genomics (2005)

Inferring large-scale covariance matrices from sparse genomic data is an ubiquitous problem in bioinformatics. Clearly, the widely used standard covariance and correlation estimators are ill-suited for this purpose. As statistically efficient and computationally fast alternative we propose a novel shrinkage covariance estimator that exploits the Ledoit-Wolf (2003) lemma for analytic calculation of the optimal shrinkage intensity. Subsequently, we apply this improved covariance estimator (which has guaranteed minimum mean squared error, is well-conditioned, and is always positive definite even for small sample sizes) to the problem of inferring large-scale gene association networks. We show that it performs very favorably compared to competing approaches both in simulations as well as in application to real expression data.
An access protocol to support multimedia traffic over hybrid fiber/coax systems (2002)

Hybrid fiber/coax plant is being widely deployed to deliver broadband interactive services to the home. Many of these services require a two-way high-speed channel, for example, extending the office LAN into the home. This is a challenging problem over HFC because most of the plant has only a small fraction of the bandwidth allocated to the upstream path, it is a noisy path and it is not possible to sense the medium prior to transmitting. For these reasons a protocol tuned to the medium is necessary. The centralized priority reservation (CPR) protocol is specifically designed for HFC plant with a primary goal of keeping the protocol within the station as simple as possible, consistent with efficient use of the channel. The basic CPR protocol has been described previously. In this paper we describe the application of CPR to the transmission of multimedia type traffic and the performance that is obtained. It supports multiple levels of priority in the transmission of asynchronous data with fine control over the level of priority. It also supports synchronous streams of information. Channel capacity not required by the streams is available to the asynchronous data.
ELIMINATION OF POST-EXERCISE HYPOTENSION IMPAIRS PLASMA VOLUME (PV) RECOVERY 228 (1996)

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that PV recovery following exercise was facilitated by post-exercise hypotension. Six volunteers (age: 27.5 ± 1.2 yrs) performed 2 bouts of cycling exercise (2.0 ± 0.2 watts/kg) for 60-min (≥ 1 week apart) followed by 90-min seated recovery without intervention (Exp.1) or with phenylephrine infusion (PE, 60-90 mg/min to maintain normotension at the baseline) started at the 10th-min through the end of recovery (Exp.2). At time 0, 5, 15, 30, 45 and 60-min of exercise, and at 5, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90-min of recovery, blood samples were taken for the analyses of hematocrit (Hct, by Microhematocrit), hemoglobin (Hb, by Co-Oximeter), total plasma protein (TP, by Refractometry), and plasma albumin(PA, Colormetric method). PV was determined using Evans blue dye dilution method prior to exercise and ΔPV was calculated from the changes in Hb and Hct during the experiments. There was no difference in any baseline variable between the two experiments (see table): At 30-min recovery, ΔPV approached the baseline in Exp.1,-1.8±1.2% (P=0.18), which was significantly different from that in Exp.2, -6.2±1.0% (P=0.01). However, ΔTP content was+0.2±4.6g and +9.5±3.5g with and without PE, respectively. We concluded that post-exercise gain in TP was impaired by PE during recovery from acute exercise and that recovery of PV was associated with post-exercise hypotension.
The evolving history of influenza viruses and influenza vaccines (2013)

The isolation of influenza virus 80 years ago in 1933 very quickly led to the development of the first generation of live-attenuated vaccines. The first inactivated influenza vaccine was monovalent (influenza A). In 1942, a bivalent vaccine was produced after the discovery of influenza B. It was later discovered that influenza viruses mutated leading to antigenic changes. Since 1973, the WHO has issued annual recommendations for the composition of the influenza vaccine based on results from surveillance systems that identify currently circulating strains. In 1978, the first trivalent vaccine included two influenza A strains and one influenza B strain. Currently, there are two influenza B lineages circulating; in the latest WHO recommendations, it is suggested that a second B strain could be added to give a quadrivalent vaccine. The history of influenza vaccine and the associated technology shows how the vaccine has evolved to match the evolution of influenza viruses.
Estrogen Receptor α and β are Prognostic Factors in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2005)

ER-alpha expression and the absence of ER-beta expression are associated with a poorer prognosis among NSCLC patients. In particular, the absence of ER-beta could serve as a marker identifying patients at high risk even at an early clinical stage.
Perinatal Correlates of Ureaplasma urealyticum in Placenta Parenchyma of Singleton Pregnancies That End Before 28 Weeks of Gestation (2009)

The presence of U urealyticum in placental parenchyma before 28 weeks is associated with increased risk of preterm labor and delivery, higher risk of fetal and maternal inflammation, and increased risk of intraventricular hemorrhage and echolucent brain lesions but not of early neonatal death.
Sticking points (2017)

Nowadays a blood test usually requires a doctor’s visit, a needle poke in the arm, and a day-long wait for results to come back from a lab. So when Silicon Valley start-up Theranos promised a device that could perform more than a hundred of the most commonly ordered blood tests from just a finger stick, doctors, patients, and investors were quick to get behind the company. Valued at $9 billion in 2015, the company opened 40 blood testing centers in Walgreen’s stores in Arizona and, in a first step toward more widespread blood testing at patients’ discretion, successfully lobbied for Arizona legislation allowing patients to obtain blood tests without a doctor’s order. But the secretive company came under intense scrutiny after the Wall Street Journal reported in October 2015 that the capability and accuracy of its device fell short of company claims. Regulators uncovered standards violations and dangerous lab practices
Nanophotonic coherent imager (2015)

An integrated silicon nanophotonic coherent imager (NCI), with a 4 × 4 array of coherent pixels is reported. In the proposed NCI, on-chip optical processing determines the intensity and depth of each point on the imaged object based on the instantaneous phase and amplitude of the optical wave incident on each pixel. The NCI operates based on a modified time-domain frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) ranging scheme, where concurrent time-domain measurements of both period and the zero-crossing time of each electrical output of the nanophotonic chip allows the NCI to overcome the traditional resolution limits of frequency domain detection. The detection of both intensity and relative delay enables applications such as high-resolution 3D reflective and transmissive imaging as well as index contrast imaging. We demonstrate 3D imaging with 15μm depth resolution and 50μm lateral resolution (limited by the pixel spacing) at up to 0.5-meter range. The reported NCI is also capable of detecting a 1% equivalent refractive index contrast at 1mm thickness.
Proximity Communication and Time (2005)

Summary form only given. Two IC chips placed face-to-face can communicate without direct electrical contact. The capacitive coupling between their top-level metal layers can carry data. We have demonstrated such "proximity communication" on 50 /spl mu/m centers and data rates similar to on-chip wires. Such communication offers attractive speed, density, and energy economy, but requires accurate mechanical alignment. Proximity communication requires sensitive amplifiers to compensate for the attenuation suffered as signals pass from one chip to the other. Signals with uncertain arrival times require an amplifier that can distinguish between signal and no signal. The difference between receiving attenuated data signals and receiving attenuated control signals focuses attention on the fundamental problem of time in asynchronous systems. This talk addresses the above issues.
Glucocorticoid Hormones Contribute to the Adipogenic Activity of Human Serum* (1987)

The adipose conversion of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts depends on serum factors, one of which has been identified as GH. Human serum extracts obtained by heat treatment do not contain intact GH, as shown by RIA, but still support adipose conversion. After organic solvent extraction followed by reversed phase HPLC, two adipogenic fractions can be purified. Their identification as cortisol and cortisone follows from the observations that both glucocorticoid hormones are strongly adipogenic in physiological concentrations and elute upon reversed phase HPLC with retention times identical to those of the adipogenic fractions. After derivatization by acetylation, the adipogenic fractions purified from human serum again do not differ from C-21 monoacetyl cortisol and -cortisone with regard to adipogenic activity and behavior on reversed phase HPLC and TLC. Treatment of heat extracts from human serum with cortisol antibodies strongly reduced their adipogenic activity which could be restored only after addition of cortisol to the original concentration. We conclude from these results, that the adipogenic activity of human serum depends mainly on its glucocorticoid (as well as GH) concentration.
Ultrasound Enhanced Delivery of Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Agents in Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Models (2008)

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder typified by the accumulation of a small protein, beta-amyloid, which aggregates and is the primary component of amyloid plaques. Many new therapeutic and diagnostic agents for reducing amyloid plaques have limited efficacy in vivo because of poor transport across the blood-brain barrier. Here we demonstrate that low-intensity focused ultrasound with a microbubble contrast agent may be used to transiently disrupt the blood-brain barrier, allowing non-invasive, localized delivery of imaging fluorophores and immunotherapeutics directly to amyloid plaques. We administered intravenous Trypan blue, an amyloid staining red fluorophore, and anti-amyloid antibodies, concurrently with focused ultrasound therapy in plaque-bearing, transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease with amyloid pathology. MRI guidance permitted selective treatment and monitoring of plaque-heavy anatomical regions, such as the hippocampus. Treated brain regions exhibited 16.5+/-5.4-fold increase in Trypan blue fluorescence and 2.7+/-1.2-fold increase in anti-amyloid antibodies that localized to amyloid plaques. Ultrasound-enhanced delivery was consistently reproduced in two different transgenic strains (APPswe:PSEN1dE9, PDAPP), across a large age range (9-26 months), with and without MR guidance, and with little or no tissue damage. Ultrasound-mediated, transient blood-brain barrier disruption allows the delivery of both therapeutic and molecular imaging agents in Alzheimer's mouse models, which should aid pre-clinical drug screening and imaging probe development. Furthermore, this technique may be used to deliver a wide variety of small and large molecules to the brain for imaging and therapy in other neurodegenerative diseases.
Injection molded nanofluidic chips: Fabrication method and functional tests using single-molecule DNA experiments (2010)

We demonstrate that fabrication of well-defined nanofluidic systems can be greatly simplified by injection molding of thermoplastic polymers. Chips featuring nanochannel arrays, microchannels and integrated interconnects are produced in a single processing step by injection molding. The resulting open channel structures are subsequently sealed by facile plasma-enhanced thermal bonding of a polymer film. This fast, inexpensive and industry-compatible method thus provides a single-use all-polymer platform for nanofluidic lab-on-a-chip applications. Its applicability for nanofluidics is demonstrated by DNA stretching experiments performed on individual double-stranded DNA molecules confined in the injection molded nanochannels. The obtained results are consistent with measurements performed in costly state-of-the-art silica nanochannels, for both straight and tapered channel geometries.
Guide to drug porphyrogenicity prediction and drug prescription in the acute porphyrias (2007)

About 1000 therapeutic drugs categorized with regard to porphyrogenicity by the technique proposed are presented on the internet (http://www.drugs-porphyria.org).
Pilot-addisted carrier frequency offset estimation for MIMO-OFDM systems (2004)

Carrier frequency offset (CFO) largely degrade the performance of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems because they may violate the orthogonality of sub-carriers and introduce the inter-carrier interferences. In this paper, by using some special pilots which take value from a constrained set and are interspersed in frequency-domain subjected to a specified distribution, CFO of a MIMO-OFDM system is estimated. The studies in theory and experiment show that the new CFO estimator provides a satisfactory performance in estimating CFO and is better appropriate for tracking CFO than the existing approaches.
Vascular Regeneration: Engineering the Stem Cell Microenvironment (2009)

Vascular diseases are a major threat to human health nowadays. While current treatments can cure some vascular diseases, their beneficial effects are only temporary; vascular regeneration holds the promise of permanent, effective treatments for many vascular diseases. Stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells can differentiate into vascular lineages and therefore have the potential to repair vascular systems. However, engineering appropriate microenvironments that will allow cell maturation and delivery remains the major challenge to the successful implementation of this treatment. This review introduces the cells that are being studied for vascular differentiation and regeneration; we then consider recent approaches to engineering microenvironments, including proper signaling cues and biodegradable scaffolds that will guide the development of these cells into vessels suitable for cell-based vascular therapy.
Strategy to optimize the development, use, and dimension of test structures to control defect appearance in backend process steps (2002)

To inspect and classify defects occurring during backend process steps, this paper describes a comprehensive methodology how to develop, use, and dimension test structures and how to optimize their organization inside given test chip boundaries. Starting point is the description of process steps and known types of defects. According to existing design rules different test structures will be designed and arranged as (in-line) process monitors inside a checkerboard framework using standard boundary pads.
Urinary Biomarkers IGFBP7 and TIMP-2 for the Diagnostic Assessment of Transient and Persistent Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients (2017)

In our population, absolute urinary levels of NC score were higher at early hours after ICU admission (H0 and H4) in transient AKI as compared to persistent AKI patients. NC variations (Delta NC scores) over the first 12 hours may indicate the AKI's evolving nature with a more significant decrease in case of transient AKI but were not able to differentiate transient from persistent AKI.
A low threshold level of expression of mutant-template telomerase RNA inhibits human tumor cell proliferation (2001)

The ribonucleoprotein telomerase synthesizes telomeric DNA by copying an intrinsic RNA template. In most cancer cells, telomerase is highly activated. Here we report a telomerase-based antitumor strategy: expression of mutant-template telomerase RNAs in human cancer cells. We expressed mutant-template human telomerase RNAs in prostate (LNCaP) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cell lines. Even a low threshold level of expression of telomerase RNA gene constructs containing various mutant templates, but not the control wild-type template, decreased cellular viability and increased apoptosis. This occurred despite the retention of normal levels of the endogenous wild-type telomerase RNA and endogenous wild-type telomerase activity and unaltered stable telomere lengths. In vivo tumor xenografts of a breast cancer cell line expressing a mutant-template telomerase RNA also had decreased growth rates. Therefore, mutant-template telomerase RNAs exert a strongly dominant-negative effect on cell proliferation and tumor growth. These results support the potential use of mutant-template telomerase RNA expression as an antineoplastic strategy.
Construction and characterization of F plasmid‐based expression vectors (1998)

A low-copy expression vector has been constructed from a 9 Kbp region of the Escherichia coli F plasmid containing the oriV and oriS origins of replication. This plasmid carries the β-lactamase gene (Apr) and the araBAD promoter/araC regulator for arabinose-inducible gene expression. A derivative which carries a lacZ reporter gene was found to be stably maintained for at least 150 generations. A related multi-copy plasmid was stably maintained in arabinose-free medium, but no plasmid-bearing segregants remained after 60 generations when lacZ expression was induced. Induced expression resulted in 27% (multi-copy) and 12% (low-copy) decreases in growth rate. The uninduced levels of β-galactosidase were 200 units (multi-copy) and 15 units (low-copy). © 1998 John-Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 59:659–665, 1998.
Die rechtliche Problematik der Ausnahmetatbestände von der Insolvenzsicherungspflicht nach § 651 k Abs. 6 BGB (1996)

Article Die rechtliche Problematik der Ausnahmetatbestände von der Insolvenzsicherungspflicht nach § 651 k Abs. 6 BGB was published on October 24, 1996 in the journal ReiseRecht aktuell (volume 4, issue 10).