gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The envoy framework (1992)

The Envoy Framework addresses a need for computer-based assistants or agents that operate in conjunction with users' existing applications, helping them perform tedious, repetitive, or time-consuming tasks more easily and efficiently. Envoys carry out missions for users by invoking envoy-aware applications called operatives and inform users of mission results via envoy-aware applications called informers. The distributed, open architecture developed for Envoys is derived from an analysis of the best characteristics of existing agent systems. This architecture has been designed as a model for how agent technology can be seamlessly integrated into the electronic desktop. It defines a set of application programmer's interfaces so that developers may convert their software to envoy-aware applications. A subset of the architecture described in this paper has been implemented in an Envoy Framework prototype.
N-best-based instantaneous speaker adaptation method for speech recognition (2002)

An instantaneous speaker adaptation method is proposed that uses N-best decoding for continuous mixture-density hidden Markov model-based speech recognition systems. An N-best paradigm of multiple-pass search strategies is used that makes this method effective even for speakers whose decodings using speaker-independent models are error-prone. To cope with an insufficient amount of data, our method uses constrained maximum a posteriori estimation, in which the parameter vector space is clustered, and a mixture-mean bias is estimated for each cluster. Moreover, to maintain continuity between clusters, a bias for each mixture-mean is calculated as the weighted sum of the estimated biases. Performance evaluation using connected-digit (four-digit strings) recognition experiments performed over actual telephone lines showed more than a 20% reduction in the error rates, even for speakers whose decodings using speaker-independent models were error-prone.
IL-6 precludes the differentiation induced by IL-3 on expansion of CD34+ cells from cord blood. (2003)

Our results demonstrate that the inclusion of IL-6 in a serum-free short-term culture has a beneficial effect on HPC expansion from UCB, and precludes the negative effects induced by IL-3 on LTC-IC expansion and telomerase activity.
PhotoSketch (2009)

We introduce a system for progressively creating images through a simple sketching and compositing interface. A large database of over 1.5 million images is searched for matches to a user's binary outline sketch; the results of this search can be combined interactively to synthesize the desired image. We introduce image descriptors for the task of estimating the difference between images and binary outline sketches. The compositing part is based on graph cut and Poisson blending. We demonstrate that the resulting system allows generating complex images in an intuitive way.
Using shear wave splitting measurements to investigate the upper mantle anisotropy beneath the North China Craton: Distinct variation from east to west (2005)

A compilation of shear wave splitting measurements in the North China Craton (NCC) is presented to investigate the upper mantle anisotropy beneath the region. By applying the method of Silver and Chan (1991), the splitting parameters of fast polarization direction and delay time are determined from SKS waveforms for 38 broadband stations. The results reveal the presence of small to large seismic anisotropy in the mantle beneath the NCC. The most striking result is the distinct difference of fast polarization directions between the Eastern Block (EB) and the Central Zone (CZ) of the NCC. The fast polarization directions trend SE beneath the EB, which implies that northwestward mantle flow has played a significant role in the reactivating of the EB during Late Mesozoic to Early Cenozoic, and the boundary between the CZ and the EB was possibly a west limit where the mantle flow was deflected. However, a collision event occurred in Early Proterozoic was also a possible cause for the anisotropy of the lithosphere beneath the CZ, depending on the craton lithosphere beneath the region had not been completely reformed by later tectonic activities.
Brain-computer interface: Next generation thought controlled distributed video game development platform (2008)

In this paper we present a system that uses the human ability to control a video game on a mobile device using electroencephalographic (EEG) Mu rhythms. The signals were obtained using a specially designed electrode cap and equipment, and sent through a Bluetooth connection to a PC that processes it in real time. The signal was then mapped onto two control signals and sent through wireless connection to a mobile gaming device BreakOut. We have also investigated the human's ability to play the video game by manipulating neuronal motor cortex activity in the presence of a visual feedback environment. The participants played the video game by using their thoughts only with up to 80% accuracy over controlling the target.
Over-Expression of the Endocan Gene in Endothelial Cells from Hepatocellular Carcinoma is Associated with Angiogenesis and Tumour Invasion (2010)

Endocan plays a role in tumour angiogenesis and tumour growth. The aim of this study was to detect the expression of endocan in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumour-associated endothelial cells and to correlate endocan expression with clinicopathological parameters and tumour angiogenesis. Tumour tissues and surrounding non-cancerous hepatic parenchyma from 42 primary HCC patients were studied. Endothelial cells were isolated using magnetic microbeads conjugated with anti-CD31 and endocan expression was evaluated by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Endocan was significantly over-expressed in endothelial cells isolated from HCC tumours compared with corresponding non-cancerous liver tissues. In addition, the endocan mRNA level was significantly correlated with the serum alpha-fetoprotein level, intra-tumoural microvessel density, vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA, and vascular and venous invasion. The over-expression of endocan in tumour endothelial cells was closely related to the process of angiogenesis and pathogenesis in HCC, and suggests that endocan might be a useful marker for HCC progression.
Enrichment, characterization, and responsiveness of single primitive CD34 human umbilical cord blood hematopoietic progenitors with high proliferative and replating potential (1993)

To characterize the growth of cord blood progenitor cells, single nonadherent, low-density, T-lymphocyte-depleted CD34 cells were sorted by flow cytometer with an autoclone device into single wells containing culture medium and cytokines. These cells were evaluated for proliferation and for replating ability of their progeny. This latter effect is used as a measure of self-renewal capacity. Colony formation was assessed in 1 degree wells containing various cytokines, alone and in combination, and single colonies deriving after 21 days in semisolid medium were replated into 2 degree wells in the presence of the combination of purified preparations of recombinant human steel factor (SF, a c-kit ligand), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), interleukin-3 (IL-3), and erythropoietin (Epo). Replating of single colonies was performed also for 3 degrees, 4 degrees, and 5 degrees cultures. In the presence of serum, colony formation was observed in > 66% of the wells stimulated with the combination of Epo, SF, GM-CSF, G-CSF, and IL-3, and more than 39% of the colonies formed in these 1 degree wells were very large in size (> 2.5 mm in diameter, dense in the center, and containing > 10(4) cells/colony). The replating efficiency of these large colonies was up to 93% with generation of subsequent colonies of very large size. Replating could be shown for up to five generations. The cells in these colonies were large, nonspecific esterase positive, and contained large amounts of cytoplasm with one or more nuclei containing several nucleoli per nucleus. Smaller colonies (1 to 2.5 mm in diameter and dense in the center) containing similar cells and making up an additional 14% of the colonies formed in 1 degree wells also showed extensive replating capacity, including generation of larger colonies. These colony-forming cells are likely similar to the murine macrophage high-proliferative potential colony-forming cells. The cells giving rise to these colonies are present in about eightfold higher frequency in cord blood than in adult bone marrow. These cells may at least in part be associated with the successful hematopoietic repopulating capacity of umbilical cord blood cells.
Production of a functional single-chain Fv fragment from the pan-leukocyte antibody WM65 using splicing by asymmetric PCR. (1993)

A method of assembly of a single-chain Fv fragment is described, whereby asymmetric polymerase chain reactions (APCR) and primer extension were used to join immunoglobulin heavy and light chain variable region genes via a linker sequence. In this procedure heavy and light chain genes, together with a linker gene containing complementary sequences, were amplified by APCR to generate single-stranded products. The single stranded heavy or light chain genes were hybridized to the relevant single-stranded link product, and extended to produce double-stranded heavy-link and link-light genes. These genes then underwent another round of APCR, resulting in two single-stranded genes (heavy-link and link-light) containing extensive overlapping sequences. Hybridization and extension of these two single-stranded products allowed the formation of the complete heavy chain-link-light chain double-stranded product. Using this method, a functional single-chain Fv fragment based on the pan-leukocyte antibody WM65 was expressed and purified from E. coli. This method of immunoglobulin gene assembly by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) offers an alternative to the current methods of the genetic engineering of antibody fragments.
Comparative Psychometric Analysis of Vector and Isochrone Cardiac Activation Maps (2004)

Isochronal cardiac activation maps can be constructed from local activation times associated with spatial locations, and are frequently used to study cardiac arrhythmias. Cardiac velocity vector mapping has been proposed as an alternative method to study cardiac activation in both clinical and research environments. Velocity vectors inherently contain more information than scalar measures of latency, but it is unknown how vector maps and isochronal maps compare when they are used to identify patterns and features associated with arrhythmias. In order to quantitatively compare these two visualization methods, eight cardiologists were asked to complete forced-choice tasks in which they selected ablation sites based on synthetic vector or isochronal maps. Maps varied in arrhythmia complexity, number of vectors or activation times included, and errors in magnitude or angle for maps of velocity vectors. Quantitative comparison was achieved by using psychometric functions to characterize the learning curve and the total number of measurements needed in order to choose a correct ablation site. For simple arrhythmias, performance with vector maps was superior to isochronal maps. Subjects required fewer measurements, and learned more rapidly by studying vector maps. For more complex arrhythmias, there was no significant difference in performance between vector and isochronal maps. However, arrhythmia features were clearer with vector maps, even though this clarity did not necessarily change the ablation site choice. When errors were added to vector maps, performance was satisfactory for angle errors < 55 degrees, and speed errors did not affect performance.
Sepsis and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (1996)

A variety of neuromuscular conditions complicates SIRS. The identification of these conditions is important in patient management and in rendering a prognosis.
A Mammalian Expression Vector for Expression and Purification of Secreted Proteins for Structural Studies (2000)

A mammalian expression vector with features optimized for simple expression and purification of secreted proteins has been developed. This vector was constructed to facilitate X-ray crystallographic studies of cysteine-rich glycoproteins that are difficult to express by other means. Proteins expressed with this vector possess an N-terminal human growth hormone domain and an octahistidine tag separated from the desired polypeptide sequences by a tobacco etch virus protease recognition site. Advantages of this vector are high levels of expression, simple detection and purification of expressed proteins, and reliable cleavage of the fusion protein. Cotransfection of this vector with a dihydrofolate reductase gene allows amplification of expression levels with methotrexate. Over one dozen cysteine-rich secreted proteins have been expressed in sufficient quantity for structural studies using this vector; the structure of at least one of these proteins has been determined.
Magnesium amide bases and amido-Grignards. 1. Ortho magnesiation (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMagnesium amide bases and amido-Grignards. 1. Ortho magnesiationPhilip E. Eaton, Chih Hung Lee, and Yusheng XiongCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 20, 8016–8018Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00202a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00202a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2769Altmetric-Citations190LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Cyclisation indolique selon bischler en presence d'acides de Lewis (1981)

Abstract L'étude comparative de divers catalyseurs (acide chlorhydrique et acides de Lewis) dans la cyclisation des α‐aminocétones selon Bischler, a montré que le chlorure d'aluminium est le plus actif. L'isomérisation des indoles β en α s'observe lorsque les réactions sont conduites à température élevée; son mécanisme paraǐt différent de celui invoqué par la plupart des auteurs puisqu'elle ne porte pas sur les aminocétones mais sur les indoles.
Review: ‘Gimme five’: future challenges in multiple sclerosis. ECTRIMS Lecture 2009 (2009)

This article is based on the ECTRIMS lecture given at the 25( th) ECTRIMS meeting which was held in Dusseldorf, Germany, from 9 to 12 September 2009. Five challenges have been identified: (1) safeguarding the principles of medical ethics; (2) optimizing the risk/benefit ratio; (3) bridging the gap between multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalitis; (4) promoting neuroprotection and repair; and (5) tailoring multiple sclerosis therapy to the individual patient. Each of these challenges will be discussed and placed in the context of current research into the pathogenesis and treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Protection against cognitive deficits and markers of neurodegeneration by long‐term oral administration of melatonin in a transgenic model of Alzheimer disease (2009)

The neurohormone melatonin has been reported to exert anti-beta-amyloid aggregation, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory actions in various in vitro and animal models. To comprehensively determine the potential for long-term melatonin treatment to protect Alzheimer's transgenic mice against cognitive impairment and development of beta-amyloid (Abeta) neuropathology, we administered melatonin (100 mg/L drinking water) to APP + PS1 double transgenic (Tg) mice from 2-2.5 months of age to their killing at age 7.5 months. A comprehensive behavioral battery administered during the final 6 weeks of treatment revealed that Tg mice given melatonin were protected from cognitive impairment in a variety of tasks of working memory, spatial reference learning/memory, and basic mnemonic function; Tg control mice remained impaired in all of these cognitive tasks/domains. Immunoreactive Abeta deposition was significantly reduced in hippocampus (43%) and entorhinal cortex (37%) of melatonin-treated Tg mice. Although soluble and oligomeric forms of Abeta1-40 and 1-42 were unchanged in the hippocampus and cortex of the same melatonin-treated Tg mice, their plasma Abeta levels were elevated. These Abeta results, together with our concurrent demonstration that melatonin suppresses Abeta aggregation in brain homogenates, are consistent with a melatonin-facilitated removal of Abeta from the brain. Inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were decreased in hippocampus (but not plasma) of Tg+ melatonin mice. Finally, the cortical mRNA expression of three antioxidant enzymes (SOD-1, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) was significantly reduced to non-Tg levels by long-term melatonin treatment in Tg mice. Thus, melatonin's cognitive benefits could involve its anti-Abeta aggregation, anti-inflammatory, and/or antioxidant properties. Our findings provide support for long-term melatonin therapy as a primary or complementary strategy for abating the progression of Alzheimer disease.
Accurate electrical battery model capable of predicting runtime and I-V performance (2006)

Low power dissipation and maximum battery runtime are crucial in portable electronics. With accurate and efficient circuit and battery models in hand, circuit designers can predict and optimize battery runtime and circuit performance. In this paper, an accurate, intuitive, and comprehensive electrical battery model is proposed and implemented in a Cadence environment. This model accounts for all dynamic characteristics of the battery, from nonlinear open-circuit voltage, current-, temperature-, cycle number-, and storage time-dependent capacity to transient response. A simplified model neglecting the effects of self-discharge, cycle number, and temperature, which are nonconsequential in low-power Li-ion-supplied applications, is validated with experimental data on NiMH and polymer Li-ion batteries. Less than 0.4% runtime error and 30-mV maximum error voltage show that the proposed model predicts both the battery runtime and I-V performance accurately. The model can also be easily extended to other battery and power sourcing technologies.
Annealing of GaN-InGaN Multi Quantum Wells: Correlation between the Bandgap and Yellow Photoluminescence (2000)

We report experimental data on photoluminescence (PL) annealing of metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) grown GaN-InGaN multi quantum wells (MQWs). The formation of phase separation in the InGaN quantum well layer was confirmed by PL mapping when the MQW was grown at 675°C. Spatial distribution of the yellow (Y)-band PL correlated with the dislocation network in that the intensity of the PL was lowest at the grain boundaries. The activation energy of thermal quenching of the InGaN PL at 400 nm was found to be equal to that of the increase of Y-band PL at 550 nm. The origin of the Y-band is explained as a radiative donor-acceptor recombination.
Geography, ethnicity and “roots” in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2012)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in Western countries including Israel, and is less frequent in the Orient, Asia and Middle Eastern Arabic speaking countries. These trends persist in migrants to other countries, continuing into subsequent generations. Biological and genetic disparities have been reported for different ethnic groups. The absence of an association between place of birth and the occurrence of CLL is more in line with a genetic basis for the geographic variations in incidence. Genetic predisposition to CLL is supported by the documented familial aggregation of CLL, with an increased frequency of 8.5-fold among first-degree relatives of patients with CLL and the detection of CLL-like clones in 13.5% of first-degree relatives. It is likely that the development of CLL depends on the interplay of a genetic predisposition with exposure to environmental factors. To better understand the interplay of ethnicity and CLL we reviewed all the available literature on ethnic specific differences for this common form of leukemia.
Control of Living Free-Radical Polymerization by a New Chiral Nitroxide and Implications for the Polymerization Mechanism (1996)

We report that asymmetric nitroxide 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-diphenylpyrrolidin-1-oxyl mediates effectively free radical polymerization of styrene. The polymerization is faster, gives better molecular weight control compared to TEMPO-mediated polymerization, but, unlike the latter, does not require addition of external strong acids. We also provide some mechanistic evidence that propagation indeed occurs from the fully dissociated radicals
Detection of Apoptotic or Necrotic Death in Neuronal Cells by Morphological, Biochemical, and Molecular Analysis (2003)

During embryogenesis of vertebrates, programmed cell death (or apoptosis) is an important event involved in tissue formation and organogenesis (Ernst, 1926; Glücksmann, 1951; Kerr et al., 1972). In the nervous system, programmed cell death of sensory and motor neurons occurs in embryonic stages, but also maturation of central and peripheral nervous system is accompanied by extensive deletion of supernumerary neurons. Furthermore, neuronal cell death is not only part of normal brain development, it also occurs in neurodegenerative disorders.
Biosynthesis of Very-Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Transgenic Oilseeds: Constraints on Their Accumulationw (2004)

Omega6- and omega3-polyunsaturated C20 fatty acids represent important components of the human diet. A more regular consumption and an accordingly sustainable source of these compounds are highly desirable. In contrast with the very high levels to which industrial fatty acids have to be enriched in plant oils for competitive use as chemical feedstocks, much lower percentages of very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLCPUFA) in edible plant oils would satisfy nutritional requirements. Seed-specific expression in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and linseed (Linum usitatissimum) of cDNAs encoding fatty acyl-desaturases and elongases, absent from all agronomically important plants, resulted in the very high accumulation of Delta6-desaturated C18 fatty acids and up to 5% of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids, including arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acid. Detailed lipid analyses of developing seeds from transgenic plants were interpretated as indicating that, after desaturation on phosphatidylcholine, Delta6-desaturated products are immediately channeled to the triacylglycerols and effectively bypass the acyl-CoA pool. Thus, the lack of available Delta6-desaturated acyl-CoA substrates in the acyl-CoA pool limits the synthesis of elongated C20 fatty acids and disrupts the alternating sequence of lipid-linked desaturations and acyl-CoA dependent elongations. As well as the successful production of VLCPUFA in transgenic oilseeds and the identification of constraints on their accumulation, our results indicate alternative strategies to circumvent this bottleneck.