gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lactic Streptococcal Phage-Associated Lysin. I. Lysis of Heterologous Lactic Streptococci by a Phage-Induced Lysin (1966)

This investigation concerns the study of a lactic phage-associated lysin released when Streptococcus lactis strain C10 cells were lysed by their homologous el0 phage. The lysin appeared in the medium when the cells lysed. A spreading halo surrounding the ciear phage plaques was observed after prolonged incubation of double agar layer plates. Both living and sensitized C10 cells were lysed by the cl0-1ysin. All heterologous lactic streptococcal strains studied thus far were lysed by the cl0lysin. A lysozyme-sensitive strain of Sarcina lutea was very resistant to cl0-1ysin. Micrococcus lysodei~:ticus substrate cells (Difco) were lysed rapidly during the initial reaction period, but lysis diminished rapidly soon thereafter. The role of el0lysin in the nascent phenomenon is discussed.
Electrochemical Modification of Single Carbon Nanotubes (2002)

Combination of nanolithography and electrochemistry allows the chemical modification of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by attachment of functional groups. This approach allows both the reductive as well as oxidative coupling of substituted phenyl groups, presumably to defect sites in the tubes. The thickness of the deposited layer can be controlled by the duration of the potential applied. The picture shows an atomic force micrograph of SWCNTs after the reductive coupling of a 4-nitrophenyl diazonium salt.
Tumor and stromal expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their role in tumor progression. (1995)

The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been associated with tissue remodeling in many normal and pathological processes, and in particular are thought to be critical for tumor invasion and metastasis. MMP overexpression has been correlated with the stage of progression in several tumor types. Because of the aberrant nature of tumor cells, it has been assumed that the tumor cells themselves are responsible for this abnormal MMP production. However, recent in situ hybridization experiments have determined that, while some members of the MMP family are expressed within neoplastic cells, many are found in normal stromal components immediately adjacent to the tumor tissue. In this review, we address the potential roles of both tumor and stromal MMPs in tumor progression. Also, using MMP expression as a point of reference, we discuss some of the potential mechanisms involved in tumor/host interactions.
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection as a Risk Factor for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Acquisition in Men Who Have Sex with Men (2002)

The association of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) was assessed among men who have sex with men (MSM) in a nested case-control study of 116 case subjects who seroconverted to HIV during follow-up and 342 control subjects who remained HIV seronegative, frequency-matched by follow-up duration and report of HIV-infected sex partner and unprotected anal sex. The baseline HSV-2 seroprevalence was higher among case (46%) than control (34%) subjects (P=.03); the HSV-2 seroincidence was 7% versus 4% (P=.3). Only 15% of HSV-2-infected MSM reported herpes outbreaks in the past year. HIV acquisition was associated with prior HSV-2 infection (odds ratio [OR], 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-2.9), reporting >12 sex partners (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.4-6.3), and reporting fewer herpes outbreaks in the past year (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1-0.8). HSV-2 increases the risk of HIV acquisition, independent of recognized herpes lesions and behaviors reflecting potential HIV exposure. HSV-2 suppression with antiviral therapy should be evaluated as an HIV prevention strategy among MSM.
Role of Glutaredoxin in Metabolic Oxidative Stress (2002)

Epitope-tagged glutaredoxin (GRX) was utilized to determine the role of GRX in oxidative stress-induced signaling and cytotoxicity in glucose-deprived human cancer cells (MCF-7/ADR and DU-145). GRX-overexpressing cells demonstrated resistance to glucose deprivation-induced cytotoxicity and decreased activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK1). Deletion mutants showed the C-terminal portion of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) bound GRX, and glucose deprivation disrupted binding. Treatment with l-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine reduced glutathione content by 99% and prevented glucose deprivation-induced dissociation of GRX from ASK1. A thiol antioxidant, N-acetyl-l-cysteine, or overexpression of an H(2)O(2) scavenger, catalase, inhibited glucose deprivation-induced dissociation of GRX from ASK1. GRX active site cysteine residues (Cys(22) and Cys(25)) were required for dissociation of GRX from ASK1 during glucose deprivation. Kinase assays revealed that SEK1 and JNK1 were regulated in an ASK1-dependent fashion during glucose deprivation. Overexpression of GRX or catalase inhibited activation of ASK1-SEK1-JNK1 signaling during glucose deprivation. These results demonstrate that GRX is a negative regulator of ASK1 and dissociation of GRX from ASK1 activates ASK1-SEK1-JNK1 signaling leading to cytotoxicity during glucose deprivation. These results support the hypothesis that the GRX-ASK1 interaction is redox sensitive and regulated in a glutathione-dependent fashion by H(2)O(2).
Wafer scale synthesis of dense aligned arrays of single-walled carbon nanotubes (2008)

Here we present an easy one-step approach to pattern uniform catalyst lines for the growth of dense, aligned parallel arrays of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on quartz wafers by using photolithography or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp microcontact printing (µCP). By directly doping an FeCl3/methanol solution into Shipley 1827 photoresist or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), various catalyst lines can be well-patterned on a wafer scale. In addition, during the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of SWNTs the polymer layers play a very important role in the formation of mono-dispersed nanoparticles. This universal and efficient method for the patterning growth of SWNTs arrays on a surface is compatible with the microelectronics industry, thus enabling of the fabrication highly integrated circuits of SWNTs.
Combinatorial Rosamine Library and Application to in Vivo Glutathione Probe (2007)

Combinatorial approach on fluorescent rosamine library was developed using solid-phase chemistry. A highly selective library member (H22) toward reduced glutathione (GSH) was discovered, demonstrating the capability of in vivo GSH level sensing in live cells.
Regulatable Promoters for Use in Gene Therapy Applications: Modification of the 5′-Flanking Region of the CFTR Gene with Multiple cAMP Response Elements to Support Basal, Low-Level Gene Expression That Can Be Upregulated by Exogenous Agents That Raise Intracellular Levels of cAMP (1996)

This study focuses on the design, construction, and evaluation of a chimeric promoter for gene therapy applications where it is desirable to have low-level basal expression of the newly transferred gene, which can be induced to higher levels of expression by the administration of pharmacologic agents that can be safely used locally and/or systemically in humans. To achieve this, a chimeric promoter was constructed using fragments of the 5'-flanking region of the human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, and multiple tandem repeats of the consensus sequence and flanking elements of the cAMP response element (CRE), promoter sequences that support increased transcription in response to elevations in intracellular cAMP levels. Preliminary studies using plasmid vectors demonstrated that: (i) the 5'-flanking sequences from the CFTR gene have low promoter activity in the human airway epithelial cell lines; (ii) chimeras using -718 bp fragment from the 5'-flanking sequence of CFTR gene as the base, with the addition of 4-10 units of a 25-bp sequence containing the CRE consensus sequence, were all inducible by a rise in intracellular cAMP, with the chimera having eight CRE repeats the most responsive; and (iii) a CF126(CRE8) chjimera, consisting of the -126 bp fragment from the 5'-flanking region of CFTR gene together with eight CRE repeats, yielded low-level basal activity but maximal upregulation by cAMP, resulting in expression of the reporter gene that was 51-58% of an RSV-LTR control. On the basis of these observations, replication-deficient adenoviral vectors containing the CF126(CRE8) chimera and the luciferase reporter gene [AdCF126(CRE8).Luc] or the Escherichia coli lacZ (beta-Gal) reporter gene [AdCF126(CRE8). beta gal] were constructed. In several human airway epithelial cell lines, the AdCF126 (CRE). Luc vector provided low basal activity, but was significantly upregulated by agents that increase cAMP levels. Intranasal administration of the beta-Gal-expressing AdCF126(CRE8) beta gal vector into C57B1/6 mice demonstrated cAMP-induced upregulation of the reporter gene in airway epithelial cells. Quantification of the inducibility of the basal promoter activity in the airway epithelium using the AdCF126(CRE8). Luc vector demonstrated an 11-fold upregulation of the basal promoter activity in the lung with the administration of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor and a cAMP analog. These observations demonstrate the feasibility of using a chimeric promoter comprised of a minimal fragment of the CFTR 5'-flanking region, together with added multiple CRE, to control genes delivered in vivo. Importantly, because there are many drugs used in humans that raise cAMP, the concept of using a cAMP-regulatable promoter may also be a useful approach to enhance the safety, efficacy, and feasibility of a variety of human gene therapy strategies.
Supported Core@Shell Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells: Close Encounter with Reality (2013)

Core@shell electrocatalysts for fuel cells have the advantages of a high utilization of Pt and the modification of its electronic structures toward enhancement of the activities. In this study, we suggest both a theoretical background for the design of highly active and stable core@shell/C and a novel facile synthetic strategy for their preparation. Using density functional theory calculations guided by the oxygen adsorption energy and vacancy formation energy, Pd₃Cu₁@Pt/C was selected as the most suitable candidate for the oxygen reduction reaction in terms of its activity and stability. These predictions were experimentally verified by the surfactant-free synthesis of Pd3Cu1/C cores and the selective Pt shell formation using a Hantzsch ester as a reducing agent. In a similar fashion, Pd@Pd₄Ir₆/C catalyst was also designed and synthesized for the hydrogen oxidation reaction. The developed catalysts exhibited high activity, high selectivity, and 4,000 h of long-term durability at the single-cell level.
PEPPLOT, a protein secondary structure analysis program for the UWGCG sequence analysis software package (1986)

We describe a program for the analysis of protein secondary structure that operates with the Sequence Analysis Software Package of the University of Wisconsin Genetics Computer Group (UWGCG). The program produces both graphic and printed output. Structure prediction using the Chou and Fasman and Robson et al methods, and hydropathy analysis by the method of Kyte and Doolittle are included along with a simplified method of hydrophobic moment analysis. The power of the program is the coordinated presentation of many different kinds of structural information on the same plot.
Unsupervised Subject Detection via Remote PPG (2015)

Subject detection is a crucial task for camera-based remote healthcare monitoring. Most existing methods in subject detection rely on supervised learning of physical appearance features. However, their performances are highly restricted to the pretrained appearance model, while still suffering from the false detection of human-similar objects. In this paper, we propose a novel unsupervised method to detect alive subject in a video using physiological features. Our basic idea originates from the observation that only living skin tissue of a human presents pulse signals, which can be exploited as the feature to distinguish human skin from nonhuman surfaces in videos. The proposed VPS method, named voxel-pulse-spectral, consists of three steps: it 1) creates hierarchical voxels across the video for temporally parallel pulse extraction; 2) builds a similarity matrix for hierarchical pulse signals based on their intrinsic properties; and 3) utilizes incremental sparse matrix decomposition with hierarchical fusion to robustly identify and combine the voxels that correspond to single/multiple subjects. Numerous experiments demonstrate the superior performance of VPS over a state-of-the-art method. On average, VPS improves 82.2% on the precision of skin-region detection; 595.5% on the Pearson correlation, and 542.2% on Bland-Altman agreement of instant pulse rate. ANOVA shows that in all-round evaluations, the improvements of VPS are significant. The proposed method is the first method that uses pulse to robustly detect alive subjects in realistic scenarios, which can be favorably applied for healthcare monitoring.
Automatic selection of tuning parameters for feature extraction sequences (1994)

Computer vision algorithms are composed of different sub-algorithms often applied in sequence. Previous work on performance characterization illustrated how random perturbation models can be setup at various stages of an algorithm sequence for the input and output data. In this paper we address the issue of how one could utilize these random perturbation models in order to automate the selection of free parameters used in an algorithm sequence. We consider an operation sequence that involves edge finding, linking, corner finding and matching. Appropriate prior distributions for the parameters that describe the graytone/geometric characteristics of the image features are specified and validated by using an annotation process. The annotation process involves the manual specification (outlining) of the geometry and spatial extent of the image features. Statistics are gathered for parameters describing features of interest and non-interest (clutter features). The appropriate prior distributions are used to derive the theoretical expressions for feature detector performance over a given image population. These performance measures are then optimized to determine the tuning parameters for the feature detector(s).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Engraftment of NOD/SCID Mice with Human CD34+Cells Transduced by Concentrated Oncoretroviral Vector Particles Pseudotyped with the Feline Endogenous Retrovirus (RD114) Envelope Protein (2001)

Oncoretrovirus vectors pseudotyped with the feline endogenous retrovirus (RD114) envelope protein produced by the FLYRD18 packaging cell line have previously been shown to transduce human hematopoietic progenitor cells with a greater efficiency than similar amphotropic envelope-pseudotyped vectors. In this report, we describe the production and efficient concentration of RD114-pseudotyped murine leukemia virus (MLV)-based vectors. Following a single round of centrifugation, vector supernatants were concentrated approximately 200-fold with a 50 to 70% yield. Concentrated vector stocks transduced prestimulated human CD34(+) (hCD34(+)) cells with approximately 69% efficiency (n = 7, standard deviation = 4.4%) using a single addition of vector at a low multiplicity of infection (MOI = 5). Introduction of transduced hCD34(+) cells into irradiated NOD/SCID recipients resulted in multilineage engraftment with long-term transgene expression. These data demonstrate that RD114-pseudotyped MLV-based vectors can be efficiently concentrated to high titers and that hCD34(+) cells transduced with concentrated vector stocks retain in vivo repopulating potential. These results highlight the potential of RD114-pseudotyped oncoretrovirus vectors for future clinical implementation in hematopoietic stem cell gene transfer.
Analysis of the immune status in the recipients with long-term well-functioning kidneys allografts. (2001)

The immune status of thirteen living and related kidney transplant recipients with stable allografts were examined. The immunological assays consisted of a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) assay, interleukin-2 (IL-2) production in mixed lymphocytes culture (MLC) and IL-2 receptor (IL-2 R) expression on MLC cells. The suppression rates of the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against IL-2 R were tested on MLRs. The stimulation indices (SI) of the MLR against both donor and third-party cells increased compared with those of pretransplantation. The MLC responder cells stimulated by donor cells produced detectable amounts of IL-2, these amounts were lower than those by third-party cells. The MLC cells against donor cells expressed IL-2 R alpha and beta chains to the same degree as those against third-party cells. Anti-IL-2 R mAbs equally inhibited the MLRs between recipient and donor or third-party cells. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) against donor cells were not generated, even with the addition of recombinant IL-2 in any of recipients except one, while anti-donor CTL had been detected prior to transplantation and the CTL against third-party cells were induced in posttranspalnt CML assays. These results indicate that the clonal anergy phenomenon might mediate the specific CTL unresponsiveness observed in kidney transplant recipients and the anergy phenomenon might serve in the long-term acceptance of allograft.
Antisense oligonucleotides effectively inhibit the co‐transcriptional splicing of a Candida group I intron in vitro and in vivo: Implications for antifungal therapeutics (2009)

Self-splicing of group I intron from the 26S rRNA of Candida albicans is essential for maturation of the host RNA. Here, we demonstrated that the co-transcriptional splicing of the intron in vitro was blocked by antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) targeting the P3-P7 core of the intron. The core-targeted AON effectively and specifically inhibited the intron splicing from its host RNA in living C. albicans. Furthermore, flow cytometry experiments showed that the growth inhibition was caused by a fungicidal effect. For the first time, we showed that an AON targeting the ribozyme core folding specifically inhibits the endogenous ribozyme splicing in living cells and specifically kills the intron-containing fungal strains, which sheds light on the development of antifungal drugs in the future.
Antineoplastic Agents, 118. Isolation and Structure of Bryostatin 9 (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntineoplastic Agents, 118. Isolation and Structure of Bryostatin 9George R. Pettit, Yoshiaki Kamano, and Cherry L. HeraldCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1986, 49, 4, 661–664Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 July 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50046a017https://doi.org/10.1021/np50046a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views212Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
1995 and 1997 questionnaires - Nicaragua school autonomy reform (1998)

The report comprises a series of questionnaires, developed as part of an evaluation of Nicaragua's school-based management reform, carried out by the Ministry of Education. The questionnaires were applied during two rounds of a school-household survey, the first in October-December 1995, and the second in April-August 1997, in Spanish text. Both surveys collected information on a wide array of variables, including school enrollment; levels of student absenteeism; grade repetition and dropout; schools' physical resources, and the education and experience of their personnel; and, changes within schools since the reform. Questionnaires were applied to school directors; school council members - either teachers, or parents; third-grade teachers in primary, or second year teachers in secondary schools; students who form the cohort selected in 1995-96; and, parents of selected students. A special questionnaire was developed to inquire about school decision-making: who the primary decision-maker was, in aspects such as budget allocations, hiring and firing of school personnel, pedagogical methods, and the choice and distribution of textbooks; and, how the respondents feel about their influence in how decisions are made. Parents' questionnaire was applied to parents of randomly-selected students, taking into account the family socioeconomic status. This study applies a matched comparison, or case control design, based on selecting a sample of treatment, or program schools (autonomous schools) and comparison groups among non-autonomous public schools, and private schools that can provide the counterfactual to the program school.
Antidepressants in the treatment of cancer pain. A survey in Italy (1987)

The authors sent a questionnaire to 79 Italian oncological centres to investigate the use of antidepressants in the treatment of cancer pain. Thirty-five centres (44.3%) responded; twenty-two of these used antidepressants. About 43% of the subjects treated for cancer-related pain received antidepressants. The drug most frequently used was amitriptyline, followed by imipramine, clomipramine and trazodone. The dosages were relatively varied, in some cases under the minimum normally used in antidepressant therapy. Good or fair results were reported in 51% of the patients; the inclusion of all worthwhile responses raised the proportion with benefit to 98%. The majority of the centres stated that a depressive disorder or depressive symptoms were not a necessary precondition for the prescription of antidepressants. The occurrence of side-effects seems to be higher in cancer patients than in depressed subjects; this may be partly related to the fact that in nearly all cases, antidepressants are used in association with other drugs, typically opiates and peripheral analgesics.
Angiogenic and invasive properties of neurofibroma Schwann cells. (1990)

Neurofibromas are benign tumors from patients with von Recklinghausen Neurofibromatosis (NF1) that are comprised primarily of Schwann cells. These Schwann cells are found both in association with axons and in the extracellular matrix that is prevalent in neurofibromas, and in which fibroblasts are also abundant. An unresolved question has been whether cells in neurofibromas are normal cells or are intrinsically abnormal. We have tested the hypothesis that cells in neurofibromas are abnormal and have shown that neurofibroma Schwann cells, unlike normal Schwann cells, promote angiogenesis in the chick chorioallantoic membrane model system, and invade basement membranes in this system. In contrast, neurofibroma fibroblasts neither promote angiogenic reactions nor invade basement membranes. When injected into nude mice, neurofibroma Schwann cells do not form progressive tumors. These results suggest that NF1 Schwann cells differ from normal Schwann cells, that they are preneoplastic, and that genetic and/or epigenetic changes in Schwann cells may be required for development of peripheral nerve tumors in NF1.