gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antitumor vaccination: where we stand. (2000)

Experimental models demonstrate the possibility of curing cancer through the active induction of a specific immune response to TAA. However, while pre-clinical research has identified several possible targets and strategies for tumor vaccination the clinical scenario is far more complex for a number of possible reasons. Since experimental data suggest that vaccination is more likely to be effective on small tumor burden, such as a minimal residual disease after conventional treatments, or tumors at an early stage of disease, better selection of patients will allow more reliable clinical results to be obtained. Moreover, a poor correlation is frequently observed between the ability of TAA to induce a T-cell response in vitro and clinical responses. Controversial findings may also be due to the techniques used for monitoring the immune status. Therefore, the development of reliable assays for efficient monitoring of the state of immunization of cancer patients against TAA is an important goal that will markedly improve the progress of antitumor vaccines. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED)
Field Test of "Farm For Profit®" Burley Tobacco Production Program (1994)

Considerable interest exists among local farmers in Scott County, Kentucky, about a "Farm For Profit®" tobacco production program being advocated by the representative of a product supplier as a means of improving burley tobacco production. Because of this interest, we conducted a field test of this program in 1993. The objective was to compare yield results from this "program" with those from two, more conventional practices.
Expression of moesin and its associated molecule CD44 in epithelial skin tumors (1998)

Moesin, one of the ERM (ezrin; radixin; moesin) family members, is directly associated with the cytoplasmic domain of CD44, which is now thought to be related to the metastatic potential of tumor cells. Using immunohistochemistry we investigated the expression of moesin in normal epidermis and various kinds of epithelial skin tumors: squamous cell carcinoma, verrucous carcinoma, Bowen's disease, solar keratosis, keratoacanthoma, basal cell carcinoma, and extramammary Paget's disease. Normal skin showed positive epidermal staining for moesin with the exception of the stratum corneum. The expression of moesin varied with the type of skin tumor. In basal cell carcinoma, Bowen's disease, and extramammary Paget's disease, moesin expression was either faint or negative. In contrast to Bowen's disease, invasive squamous cell carcinoma showed more intense and heterogeneous staining of the cytoplasm and the cell membrane. Verrucous carcinoma was weakly positive, with a tendency for the moesin to be distributed in the cell membrane. The staining pattern of moesin varied among the different kinds of epithelial skin tumors, and its expression was generally similar to that of the standard form of CD44. These results suggest that moesin is closely inter-related with CD44 in epithelial skin cells as seen in other cellular systems, and that the variable pattern of moesin staining among the skin tumor cells could reflect expression disorders associated with the transformation.
Permuteins of interleukin 1β—a simplified approach for the construction of permutated proteins having new termini (1992)

A technique for the rapid and simple generation of permutated versions of the interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) gene is described. In this method, the human IL-1 beta cDNA is twice amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the resulting DNA fragments are ligated in tandem. Between the two genes, the DNA sequence encodes a short four amino acid loop to link the native N- and C-terminal ends of the IL-1 beta protein. By using PCR amplification from this starting template, a new version of the IL-1 beta cDNA was obtained that encodes a permutated form of the IL-1 beta protein where the new N- and C-terminal amino acids correspond to residues 65 and 64 of the native IL-1 beta sequence, respectively. The name 'permutein' is proposed to describe proteins generated by this technology. The molecular profile (IL-1 receptor binding, biologic activity and solution properties) of the IL-1 permutein produced by this technology, permutein 65/64, is shown to be identical to that of native IL-1 beta. The approach should be useful to define further the structural features of this protein that are important for its function.
Highly integrated oral drug delivery system with valve based on Electro-Active-Polymer (2007)

We present a highly integrated system for controlled oral drug delivery to be implanted into the human denture and we discuss two key-subsystems: an osmotic pump and a normally-closed microvalve based on Electro-Active Polymers (EAP). The pump generates a hydrostatic pressure of up to 600 kPa. The valve controls a flow up to 0.9 mul/min. The complete drug delivery system is operated using 2 button cells of 1,5 V each.
Targeting deletion of angiotensin type 1B receptor gene in the mouse (1997)

We null mutated the mouse angiotensin type 1B (AT1B) receptor gene (Agtr1b) by gene targeting. To identify the specific cell types carrying high Agtr1b gene transcriptional activities, the AT1B coding exon was replaced with a reporter gene, lacZ. In 6- to 8-wk-old Agtr1b -/- mice, high AT1B transcriptional activity was observed in adrenal zona glomerulosa cells and the testis, including mature and immature spermatic cells, whereas low activity was detected homogeneously in anterior pituitary cells and choroidal plexus vessel walls. A similar pattern was observed in Agtr1b +/- mice with less intensity. Microscopically, the anterior pituitary, heart, adrenal, zona glomerulosa, kidney, and the testis of Agtr1b -/- mice were intact and were indistinguishable from those of Agtr1b +/+ mice. Systemic blood pressure was comparable in Agtr1b -/- and Agtr1b +/+ mice. Moreover, plasma aldosterone level was comparable between the two mouse groups. No compensatory enhancement of AT1A mRNA was found in the kidney and adrenal gland of Agtr1b -/- mice. The observed absence of the abnormal phenotypes in Agtr1b -/- mice, which have been described for homozygous angiotensinogen null mutant mice, indicates that 1) AT1A receptors can take over the role of AT1B receptors in Agtr1b -/- mice or 2) functionally significant non-AT1, non-AT2 receptor(s) may exist for the action of angiotensin.
Ace Is a Collagen-binding MSCRAMM from Enterococcus faecalis (1999)

A putative collagen-binding MSCRAMM, Ace, of Enterococcus faecalis was identified by searching bacterial genome data bases for proteins containing domains homologous to the ligand-binding region of Cna, the collagen-binding MSCRAMM from Staphylococcus aureus. Ace was predicted to have a molecular mass of 71 kDa and contains features characteristic of cell surface proteins on Gram-positive bacteria, including a LPXTG motif for cross-linking to the cell wall. The N-terminal region of Ace contained a region (residues 174-319) in which 56% of the residues are identical or similar when compared with the minimal ligand-binding region of Cna (Cna 151-318); the remainder of the Ace A domain has 46% similarity with the corresponding region of the Cna A domain. Antibodies raised against recombinant Ace A domain were used to verify the cell surface expression of Ace on E. faecalis. These antibodies also effectively inhibited the adhesion of enterococcal cells to a collagen substrate, suggesting that Ace is a functional collagen-binding MSCRAMM. Structural modeling of the conserved region in Ace (residues 174-319) suggested a structure very similar to that reported for residues 151-318 of the Cna collagen-binding domain in which the ligand-binding site was identified as a trench transversing a beta-sheet face (Symersky, J., Patti, J. M., Carson, M., House-Pompeo, K., Teale, M., Moore, D., Jin, L., DeLucas, L. J., Höök, M., and Narayana, S. V. L. (1997) Nat. Struct. Biol. 10, 833-838). Biochemical analyses of recombinant Ace and Cna A domains supported the modeling data in that the secondary structures were similar as determined by CD spectroscopy and both proteins bound at multiple sites in type I collagen with micromolar affinities, but with different apparent kinetics. We conclude that Ace is a collagen-binding MSCRAMM on enterococci and is structurally and functionally related to the staphylococcal Cna protein.
10 Gbit/s optical single sideband system (1997)

An approach for transmitting a digital optical single sideband signal in a self-homodyne detection system has been developed. Simulation results show that 10 Gbit/s of data can be transmitted through conventional singlemode fibre over distances &gt; 1000 km with post-detection electrical dispersion compensation; initial experimental results show transmission of 10 Gbit/s over distances up to 200 km.
Synthesis and pharmacological investigations of new 6-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6H-pyrimido[2,1-b]quinazoline derivatives. (1994)

The synthesis and biological activity of a series of 6-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6H-pyrimido[2,1-b]quinazoline is reported. Pharmacological investigations have shown that the compounds exert depressive action on the central nervous system and exhibit neuroleptic activity.
XML-RL update language: Syntax and semantics (2010)

With the extensive use of XML in applications over the Web, how to update XML data is becoming an important issue because the role of XML has expanded beyond traditional applications in which XML is used for information exchange and data representation over the Web. Therefore, several languages have been proposed for updating XML data, but they have two major shortcomings. One is that these updating languages are based on lower, so-called graph-based or tree-based data models, update requests are thus expressed in a nonintuitive and unnatural way and update statements are too complicated to comprehend. The other is that there is still no consensus about the logical foundation for updating XML data. This paper presents a novel declarative XML update language which is an extension of the XML-RL query language. Compared with other existing XML update languages, it has the following features. First, it is the only XML data manipulation language based on a higher data model. All of the other update languages adopt so-called graph-based or tree-based data models. Therefore, update requests can be expressed in a more intuitive and natural way in our language than in the other languages. Second, our language can express complex update requests at multiple level in a hierarchy in a simple and flat way. Some existing languages have to express such complex requests in nested updates, which are too complicated and nonintuitive for users to comprehend. Third, our language directly supports the functionality of updating complex objects while all other update language do not support these operations. Lastly, most of existing languages use rename to modify attribute and element names, which is a different way from updates on value. Our language modifies tag names, values, and objects in a unified way by the introduction of three kinds of logical binding variables: object variables, value variables, and name variables. In this paper, the syntax and semantics of the XML-RL update language are formally described based on the logic programming. The powerful ability of our language is shown by a lot of examples.
Noninvasive Detection of Response and Resistance in EGFR -Mutant Lung Cancer Using Quantitative Next-Generation Genotyping of Cell-Free Plasma DNA (2014)

Noninvasive genotyping of cfDNA using ddPCR demonstrates assay qualities that could allow effective translation into a clinical diagnostic. Serial quantification of plasma genotype allows noninvasive assessment of response and resistance, including detection of resistance mutations up to 16 weeks before radiographic progression.
Long term motor complications of levodopa: clinical features, mechanisms, and management strategies (2004)

Levodopa is the most effective symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease. However, after an initial period of dramatic benefit, several limitations become apparent including, "dopa resistant" motor symptoms (postural abnormalities, freezing episodes, speech impairment), "dopa resistant" non-motor signs (autonomic dysfunction, mood and cognitive impairment, etc), and/or drug related side effects (especially psychosis, motor fluctuations, and dyskinesias). Motor complications include fluctuations, dyskinesias, and dystonias. They can be very disabling and difficult to treat. Therefore, strategies should ideally be developed to prevent them. Though mechanisms underlying motor complications are only partially understood, recent work has revealed the importance of pulsatile stimulation of postsynaptic dopamine receptors and the disease severity. As a result of intermittent stimulation there occurs a cascade of changes in cell signalling leading to upregulation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate subtype of gamma-aminobutryric acid-ergic neurones. Modified preparations of levodopa (controlled release preparations, liquid levodopa), catecholamine-o-methyltransferase inhibitors, dopamine agonists, amantidine, and various neurosurgical approaches have been used in the prevention and/or treatment of motor complications. Current management of motor complications is less than satisfactory. With better understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms, it is hoped that future therapeutic strategies will provide a safer and targeted treatment.
TREATMENT OF ACUTE RENAL ALLOGRAFT REJECTION WITH MONOCLONAL ANTI-T12 ANTIBODY1,2 (1983)

Nineteen patients with acute rejection of a renal allograft were treated with the monoclonal antibody anti-T12, directed against a determinant present on all post-thymic T cells. Seven patients had a good response, four had an equivocal response, and eight failed to respond. Histologic studies demonstrated that the good responders had primarily cellular rejection. The nonresponders included 4 patients with moderate-to-severe humoral rejection, one patient with an inadequate dose of antibody, one patient who withdrew before completing the study, and one patient with late end-stage rejection. All eleven patients with good or equivocal responses have functioning kidneys in a follow-up of 1-15 months (mean 7 months). Only one patient has had a subsequent acute rejection episode, which responded to a steroid pulse. No significant complications of anti-T12 therapy occurred.
Detecting Trojans Through Leakage Current Analysis Using Multiple Supply Pad ${I}_{\rm DDQ}$s (2010)

Hardware Trojans have emerged as a new threat to the security and trust of computing systems. Hardware Trojans are deliberate and malicious modifications to the logic function implemented within digital and mixed signal chips. In contrast to software Trojans, it is not possible to simply "scan the hard drive" to eradicate a hardware Trojan. Hardware Trojans can be designed to shutdown the chip at some predetermined time and/or when some specific signal or data pattern is received. They may also be designed to remain hidden while leaking confidential information covertly to the adversary. Determining whether a hardware Trojan has been inserted into a chip is extremely difficult for a variety of reasons, e.g., nanometer feature sizes and chip design complexity combine to make optical inspection difficult or impossible. This paper presents experimental results demonstrating the effectiveness of a Trojan detection method that is based on the analysis of a chip's Jddqs (steady-state current), which are measured simultaneously from multiple places on the chip. The proposed method also incorporates a technique for virtually eliminating process and test environment variations effects which act to reduce detection sensitivity of traditional testing approaches. Used together, resolution enhancements of up to a 1000 x are possible over conventional single power supply current measurement techniques. A regression-based statistical technique is applied to the data collected from a set of chips fabricated in a 65-nm process to illustrate the detection capabilities and limitations of this type of approach.
Substrate Filtering by the Active Site Crossover Loop in UCHL3 Revealed by Sortagging and Gain-of-function Mutations (2008)

Determining how deubiquitinating enzymes discriminate between ubiquitin-conjugated substrates is critical to understand their function. Through application of a novel protein cleavage and tagging technique, sortagging, we show that human UCHL3 and the Plasmodium falciparum homologue, members of the ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase family, use a unique active site crossover loop to restrict access of bulky ubiquitin adducts to the active site. Although it provides connectivity for critical active site residues in UCHL3, physical integrity of the crossover loop is dispensable for catalysis. By enlarging the active site crossover loop, we have constructed gain-of-function mutants that can accept substrates that the parent enzyme cannot, including ubiquitin chains of various linkages.
Free radicals and inflammation. Protection of phagocytosine leukocytes by superoxide dismutase. (1975)

A C T Isolated human polymorphonuclear leu- kocytes engaged in phagocytosis liberate superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide into the surrounding me- dium. These two chemical species react to produce the hydroxyl radical, which attacks the leukocyte and leads to premature death of the cell. The hydroxyl radical may be scavenged by mannitol, or its formation can be pre- vented by the addition of superoxide dismutase or cata- lase to the medium, thereby eliminating the premature death of the cells. This phenomenon may partially ex- plain the observed anti-inflammatory activity of super- oxide dismutase.
Imaging Facial Signs of Neurophysiological Responses (2008)

In the present paper, we introduce an integrated framework for detecting peripheral sympathetic responses through purely imaging means. The measurements are performed on three facial areas of sympathetic importance, that is, periorbital, supraorbital, and maxillary. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the sympathetic importance of the maxillary area is analyzed. Because the imaging measurements are thermal in nature and are composed of multiple components of variable frequency (i.e., blood flow, sweat gland activation, and breathing), we chose wavelets as the image analysis framework. The measurements also carry substantial noise due to imperfections in tissue tracking and segmentation. The image analysis is grounded on galvanic skin response (GSR) signals, which are still considered the golden standard in peripheral neurophysiological and psychophysiological studies. The experimental results show that monitoring of the facial channels yields similar detecting power to GSR's. However, detailed quantification of the responses, although feasible in GSR through appropriate modeling, is quite difficult in the facial channels for the moment. Further improvements in facial tissue tracking and segmentation are bound to overcome this limitation. This paper opens a new research area that leads to unobtrusive screening technologies in neurophysiology and psychophysiology.
Autism Spectrum Disorder in an Unselected Cohort of Children with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) (2018)

In a non-selected sample of children with Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) the prevalence rate of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and predictive value of an observational (ADOS)-and questionnaire-based screening instrument were assessed. Complete data was available for 128 children. The prevalence rate for clinical ASD was 10.9%, which is clearly higher than in the general population. This prevalence rate is presumably more accurate than in previous studies that examined children with NF1 with an ASD presumption or solely based on screening instruments. The combined observational- and screening based classifications demonstrated the highest positive predictive value for DSM-IV diagnosis, highlighting the importance of using both instruments in children with NF1.
A rate-control scheme for video transport over wireless channels (2001)

We investigate the scenario of using the automatic repeat request (ARQ) retransmission scheme for two-way video communications over wireless Rayleigh fading channels. Video quality is the major concern of these applications. We show that, during the retransmissions of error packets, due to the reduced channel throughput, the video encoder buffer may fill-up quickly and cause the TMN8 rate-control algorithm to significantly reduce the bits allocated to each video frame. This results in PSNR degradation and many skipped frames. To minimize the number of frames skipped, we propose improved rate-control schemes that take into consideration the effects of the video buffer fill-up, an a priori channel model, and the channel feedback information. We also show that a discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficient soft-thresholding scheme can be applied to further improve video quality. As a result, our proposed rate-control schemes encode the video sequences with less frame skipping and with higher PSNR compared to TMN8.
Synthesis of 2,2,2-Trifluoroethylated Onium Salts of Nitrogen, Sulfur, and Phosphorus with (2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl)phenyliodonium Triflate (1991)

Abstract Various 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl onium triflates were synthesized by treating tertiary amines, pyridines, quinoline, a triazole, sulfides, and a phosphine with (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phenyliodonium triflate. Sulfoxides and N-oxide were converted to the corresponding trifluoroethylated salts. As an application, CsF-treatment of (2,2,2-trifluoethyl)triphenylphosphonium triflate with an aldehyde was shown to produce a trifluoromethylated olefin.
The complexity of the consistency and N-representability problems for quantum states - eScholarship (2007)

Quantum mechanics has important consequences for machines that store and manipulate information. In particular, quantum computers might be more powerful than classical computers; examples of this include Shor's algorithm for factoring and discrete logarithms, and Grover's algorithm for black-box search. Because of these theoretical results, and the possibility that we may eventually succeed in building scalable quantum computers, it is interesting to study complexity classes based on quantum computation. QMA (Quantum Merlin-Arthur) is the quantum analogue of the class NP. There are a few QMA-complete problems, most of which are variants of the Local Hamiltonian problem introduced by Kitaev. In this dissertation we show some new QMA-complete problems which are very different from those known previously, and have applications in quantum chemistry. The first one is Consistency of Local Density Matrices : given a collection of density matrices describing different subsets of an n-qubit system (where each subset has constant size), decide whether these are consistent with some global state of all n qubits. This problem was first suggested by Aharonov. We show that it is QMA-complete, via an oracle reduction from Local Hamiltonian. Our reduction is based on algorithms for convex optimization with a membership oracle, due to Yudin and Nemirovskii. Next we show that two problems from quantum chemistry, Fermionic Local Hamiltonian and N- representability, are QMA-complete. These problems involve systems of fermions, rather than qubits; they arise in calculating the ground state energies of molecular systems. N-representability is particularly interesting, as it is a key component in recently developed numerical methods using the contracted Schrodinger equation. Although these problems have been studied since the 1960's, it is only recently that the theory of quantum computation has provided the right tools to properly characterize their complexity. Finally, we study some special cases of the Consistency problem, pertaining to 1-dimensional and stoquastic systems. We also give an alternative proof of a result due to Jaynes : whenever local density matrices are consistent, they are consistent with a Gibbs state