gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alcoholism: Allostasis and Beyond (2003)

Alcoholism is a chronic relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive drinking, loss of control over intake, and impaired social and occupational function. Animal models have been developed for various stages of the alcohol addiction cycle with a focus on the motivational effects of withdrawal, craving, and protracted abstinence. A conceptual framework focused on allostatic changes in reward function that lead to excessive drinking provides a heuristic framework with which to identify the neurobiologic mechanisms involved in the development of alcoholism. Neuropharmacologic studies in animal models have provided evidence for specific neurochemical mechanisms in specific brain reward and stress circuits that become dysregulated during the development of alcohol dependence. The brain reward system implicated in the development of alcoholism comprises key elements of a basal forebrain macrostructure termed the extended amygdala that includes the central nucleus of the amygdala, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and a transition zone in the medial (shell) part of the nucleus accumbens. There are multiple neurotransmitter systems that converge on the extended amygdala that become dysregulated during the development of alcohol dependence, including gamma-aminobutyric acid, opioid peptides, glutamate, serotonin, and dopamine. In addition, the brain stress systems may contribute significantly to the allostatic state. During the development of alcohol dependence, corticotropin-releasing factor may be recruited, and the neuropeptide Y brain antistress system may be compromised. These changes in the reward and stress systems are hypothesized to maintain hedonic stability in an allostatic state, as opposed to a homeostatic state, and as such convey the vulnerability for relapse in recovering alcoholics. The allostatic model not only integrates molecular, cellular, and circuitry neuroadaptations in brain motivational systems produced by chronic alcohol ingestion with genetic vulnerability but also provides a key to translate advances in animal studies to the human condition.
Insulin-like growth factor-I and human lung fibroblast-derived insulin-like growth factor-I stimulate the proliferation of human lung carcinoma cells in vitro. (1993)

The concentration of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in tissue taken from human non-small cell lung carcinomas (non-SCLC) is 1.4- to 7-fold higher than in the surrounding normal lung tissue, and thus, IGF-I may be involved in the growth of non-SCLC. We report here that non-SCLC cell lines (A549, A427, SK-LU-1) expressed the IGF-I receptor protein, and IGF-I stimulated the proliferation of low-density plated (2000 cells/cm2 growth area) carcinoma cells by 1.6- to 3-fold above control after a 4-day incubation period under serum-free conditions (A549, A427) or in the presence of 0.25% serum (SK-LU-1). Immunoblot data indicated that IGF-I was not secreted by the lung carcinoma cells; however, IGF-I-like proteins were present in the serum-free medium conditioned by human adult lung fibroblasts (CCD-19Lu). The secretion of the immunoreactive IGF-I-like protein was dependent on the passage level of the fibroblasts. At least one of the IGF-I-like factors promoted the serum-free growth of A549 cells (2-fold increase in cell number over control after 4 days) and stimulated a 3-fold increase in the tyrosine kinase activity of detergent-solubilized IGF-I receptors from A549 cells. Both stimulatory effects were neutralized by an anti-IGF-I antibody, suggesting that the fibroblast-derived factor mediated its activity via the IGF-I receptor. Our data indicate that lung fibroblast-derived IGF-I may stimulate the growth of non-SCLC in vivo.
Differential expression of gastric MUC5AC in colonic epithelial cells: TFF3-wired IL1 β/Akt crosstalk-induced mucosal immune response againstShigella dysenteriaeinfection (2012)

An understanding of the signaling mechanism(s) that regulate the differential expression of gastric mucin MUC5AC in colonic epithelial cells would contribute significantly to investigations of its role in colonic mucosa infected with the bacterial pathogen Shigella dysenteriae. Here we show that S. dysenteriae-Sinduced expression of interleukin-1β upregulates MUC2 expression and the differential expression of MUC5AC. Differential expression of MUC5AC involves crosstalk between interleukin-1β and Akt, whereby the trefoil factor family peptide TFF3 activates Akt by phosphorylation of EGFR. TFF3 also downregulates E-cadherin expression, causing accumulation of β-catenin in the cytosol. Phosphorylation of GSK-3β (inactivated) by activated Akt inhibits ubiquitylation of β-catenin, leading to its nuclear translocation, which then induces the expression of MUC5AC and cyclin D1. Accumulation of cyclin D1 alters the cell cycle, promoting cell survival and proliferation. Human colon HT29MTX cells, which overexpress MUC5AC, were resistant to adherence and invasion of S. dysenteriae when compared with other mucin-secreting HT29 cell types. Thus, during infection with S. dysenteriae, crosstalk between interleukin-1β and Akt wired by TFF3 induces expression of MUC5AC in colonic epithelial cells. Differentially expressed gastric MUC5AC aids in mucosal clearance of S. dysenteriae, inhibiting adherence and invasion of the pathogen to colonic epithelial cells, which protects the host.
NSAID-lnduced Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Critical Review of Pathogenesis and Management (1994)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) initiate gastroduodenal ulceration and promote complications such as bleeding and perforation. Age greater than 60 years, a prior history of ulcer disease, and concomitant corticosteroid use are important risk factors for ulcer development. NSAIDs interfere with mucosal defense via direct toxic effects in addition to cyclooxygenase inhibition and subsequent depletion of endogenous prostaglandins. While all NSAIDs are ulcerogenic, drugs which avoid topical injury and do not inhibit mucosal prostaglandins appear to have lesser risk of toxicity. Although NSAID injury requires luminal acid, prophylactic use of H2 receptor antagonists has been disappointing, preventing duodenal injury only. Greater acid suppression with proton pump inhibition appears promising. Prostaglandins are effective for prevention of NSAID-induced gastroduodenal injury, but are not well tolerated. Recent evidence suggests NSAID ulcers heal rapidly with proton pump inhibitors compared to H2 receptor antagonists in those patients who require continued NSAID therapy.
[Psyche and skin (author's transl)]. (1980)

The important psychological functions of the human skin - the skin functions as a border, contact and sense organ and as an organ of expression - as well as causalgenetic aspects of psychodermatology and the most important psychodermatological diseases are reported. Frequent psychosomatic dermatoses like chronic urticaria (bibliography), pruritus (case report, perioral dermatitis and alopecia areata (case reports) are described. In atopic dermatitis, psoriasis vulgaris and acne rosacea psychological factors are involved in addition to constitutional factors. Psychovegetative dermatoses can be due to situational problems (stress), but dermatologic symptoms may also have a mere appellant character (e.g. slight effluvium). Dermatologic symptoms may occur in connection with psychoses (e.g. parasitophobia). Psychic dermatologic symptoms may also arise secundary to severe chronic dermatoses. In psychoneurotic diseases such as dermatitis arterficialis skin is the target organ. Therapeutical aspects are considered.
Thermal Agitation of Electric Charge in Conductors (1928)

The electromotive force due to thermal agitation in conductors is calculated by means of principles in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. The results obtained agree with results obtained experimentally.
New Method for Predicting Efficiency of Heating by Measuring Bioimpedance During Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation in Humans (2001)

Both preablation bioimpedance and delta bioimpedance have positive correlation with efficiency of heating during RFCA of supraventricular tachycardia. Measuring preablation bioimpedance appears to be a useful tool for predicting the efficiency of heating during RFCA.
T helper type 17 cells contribute to anti‐tumour immunity and promote the recruitment of T helper type 1 cells to the tumour (2012)

T helper type 17 (Th17) lymphocytes are found in high frequency in tumour-burdened animals and cancer patients. These lymphocytes, characterized by the production of interleukin-17 and other pro-inflammatory cytokines, have a well-defined role in the development of inflammatory and autoimmune pathologies; however, their function in tumour immunity is less clear. We explored possible opposing anti-tumour and tumour-promoting functions of Th17 cells by evaluating tumour growth and the ability to promote tumour infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), regulatory T cells and CD4(+) interferon-γ(+) cells in a retinoic acid-like orphan receptor γt (RORγt) -deficient mouse model. A reduced percentage of Th17 cells in the tumour microenvironment in RORγt-deficient mice led to enhanced tumour growth, that could be reverted by adoptive transfer of Th17 cells. Differences in tumour growth were not associated with changes in the accumulation or suppressive function of MDSC and regulatory T cells but were related to a decrease in the proportion of CD4(+) T cells in the tumour. Our results suggest that Th17 cells do not affect the recruitment of immunosuppressive populations but favour the recruitment of effector Th1 cells to the tumour, thereby promoting anti-tumour responses.
New carbohydrate-based materials for the stabilization of proteins (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew carbohydrate-based materials for the stabilization of proteinsPeng Wang, Tara G. Hill, Charles A. Wartchow, Michael E. Huston, Lynn M. Oehler, M. Bradley Smith, Mark D. Bednarski, and Matthew R. CallstromCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 1, 378–380Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00027a068RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views232Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The relation between inflammation and neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis brains (2009)

Some recent studies suggest that in progressive multiple sclerosis, neurodegeneration may occur independently from inflammation. The aim of our study was to analyse the interdependence of inflammation, neurodegeneration and disease progression in various multiple sclerosis stages in relation to lesional activity and clinical course, with a particular focus on progressive multiple sclerosis. The study is based on detailed quantification of different inflammatory cells in relation to axonal injury in 67 multiple sclerosis autopsies from different disease stages and 28 controls without neurological disease or brain lesions. We found that pronounced inflammation in the brain is not only present in acute and relapsing multiple sclerosis but also in the secondary and primary progressive disease. T- and B-cell infiltrates correlated with the activity of demyelinating lesions, while plasma cell infiltrates were most pronounced in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) and primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) and even persisted, when T- and B-cell infiltrates declined to levels seen in age matched controls. A highly significant association between inflammation and axonal injury was seen in the global multiple sclerosis population as well as in progressive multiple sclerosis alone. In older patients (median 76 years) with long-disease duration (median 372 months), inflammatory infiltrates declined to levels similar to those found in age-matched controls and the extent of axonal injury, too, was comparable with that in age-matched controls. Ongoing neurodegeneration in these patients, which exceeded the extent found in normal controls, could be attributed to confounding pathologies such as Alzheimer's or vascular disease. Our study suggests a close association between inflammation and neurodegeneration in all lesions and disease stages of multiple sclerosis. It further indicates that the disease processes of multiple sclerosis may die out in aged patients with long-standing disease.
Age-Dependent Changes in the Proteome Following Complete Spinal Cord Transection in a Postnatal South American Opossum (Monodelphis domestica) (2011)

Recovery from severe spinal injury in adults is limited, compared to immature animals who demonstrate some capacity for repair. Using laboratory opossums (Monodelphis domestica), the aim was to compare proteomic responses to injury at two ages: one when there is axonal growth across the lesion and substantial behavioural recovery and one when no axonal growth occurs. Anaesthetized pups at postnatal day (P) 7 or P28 were subjected to complete transection of the spinal cord at thoracic level T10. Cords were collected 1 or 7 days after injury and from age-matched controls. Proteins were separated based on isoelectric point and subunit molecular weight; those whose expression levels changed following injury were identified by densitometry and analysed by mass spectrometry. Fifty-six unique proteins were identified as differentially regulated in response to spinal transection at both ages combined. More than 50% were cytoplasmic and 70% belonged to families of proteins with characteristic binding properties. Proteins were assigned to groups by biological function including regulation (40%), metabolism (26%), inflammation (19%) and structure (15%). More changes were detected at one than seven days after injury at both ages. Seven identified proteins: 14-3-3 epsilon, 14-3-3 gamma, cofilin, alpha enolase, heart fatty acid binding protein (FABP3), brain fatty acid binding protein (FABP7) and ubiquitin demonstrated age-related differential expression and were analysed by qRT-PCR. Changes in mRNA levels for FABP3 at P7+1day and ubiquitin at P28+1day were statistically significant. Immunocytochemical staining showed differences in ubiquitin localization in younger compared to older cords and an increase in oligodendrocyte and neuroglia immunostaining following injury at P28. Western blot analysis supported proteomic results for ubiquitin and 14-3-3 proteins. Data obtained at the two ages demonstrated changes in response to injury, compared to controls, that were different for different functional protein classes. Some may provide targets for novel drug or gene therapies.
A microprocessor-based ocean-bottom seismometer (1993)

Abstract For over 12 years, the Scripps Institution of Oceanography has operated a fleet of microprocessor-based ocean-bottom seismometers. These instruments free-fall to the seafloor and release their anchors and rise to the surface either at preset times or on receipt of an acoustic command. The instruments are contained in a single spherical pressure case and include geophones with a 1-Hz natural period, and differential pressure gauges responsive to acoustic signals between 0.003 and 30 Hz. Recent improvements described in detail here include the implementation of a C-44 bus 80C88 microprocessor and cassette recorders capable of storing up to 10 days of data digitized at 128 samples/sec, or 40 days at 32 samples/sec. In addition, tiltmeters have been installed in the instruments. Serial links to the processor and release timers provide for instrument checkout and the setting of time and data parameters from outside the pressure case. A portable laboratory also described here is used to prepare the instruments for deployment at sea.
AC Pulsed Field Ablation Is Feasible and Safe in Atrial and Ventricular Settings: A Proof-of-Concept Chronic Animal Study (2020)

We proved that our method and technology of AC-PFA is feasible and safe for atrial and ventricular myocardial ablation, supporting their systematic investigation into effectiveness evaluation for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia. Further optimization, with energy titration or longer follow-up, is required for a robust atrial and ventricular AC-PFA.
Some Reactions of p-Nitrobenzal-o-methoxy-p-bromoacetophenone (1995)

Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt<br> <em>Manuscript received 12 March 1993, revised 20 October 1993, accepted 9 December 1993</em> Benzalacetophenone derivative (1) was allowed to react with hydrazines, hydroxylaminehydrochloride, thiourea and bromine to give Δ<sup>2</sup>-pyrazolines (2a,b), Δ<sup>2</sup>-isoxazoline (3), tetrahydropyrimidinethione derivative (4) and the chalcone dibromide' (5) respectively. Comopound 4 was reacted with hydrazinehydrate, acid hydrazides, phenylisocyanate and secondary amines (under Mannich reaction conditions) to give hydrazinopyrimidine (6), triazolopyrimidines (7,8), pyrimidinethione (9) and Mannich bases (lOa-c) respectively. Compound 5 when reacted with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and hydrazines gave 3 and 2a,b respectively.
TIM3 gene polymorphisms in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: impact on disease susceptibility and hepatocellular carcinoma traits (2012)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is associated with the development of acute and chronic liver diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-containing molecule-3 (Tim-3), which negatively regulates T-cell response and mediates phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, has been implicated in HBV infection and cancers. This study explored the polymorphisms of TIM3 gene in 535 patients with HBV-related liver diseases including 213 chronic hepatitis, 178 cirrhosis and 144 HCC, 72 HBV infection resolvers and 182 healthy controls and analyzed the effects of these polymorphisms on the disease susceptibility and HCC traits. TIM3-1541C/T, -1516G/T, -882C/T, -574G/T and +4259T/G polymorphisms were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Of the five polymorphisms genotyped, the allele T-containing genotypes (GT + TT), allele T and allele T-containing haplotype (CTCGT) of -1516G/T polymorphism were more frequent in HBV patients than in controls [P = 0.005, odds ratio (OR) = 2.300, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.294-4.088; P = 0.004, OR = 2.266, 95% CI: 1.297-3.962; and P = 0.005, OR = 2.203, 95% CI: 1.260-3.854, respectively]. The allele T-containing genotypes and allele T of -1516G/T were associated with HCC tumor grade (P = 0.023 and P = 0.017, respectively) and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.024 and P = 0.017, respectively). These findings suggest that -1516G/T polymorphism in the promoter region of TIM3 gene may affect the disease susceptibility and HCC traits associated with HBV infection, potentially supporting the role of Tim-3 in T-cell dysfunction and exhaustion involved in persistent HBV infection and HCC development.
Multihypothesis motion estimation for video coding (2002)

Multihypothesis motion-compensating predictors combine several motion-compensated signals to predict the current frame of a video signal. This paper applies the wide-sense stationary theory of multihypothesis motion compensation for hybrid video codecs to multihypothesis motion estimation. This allows us to study the influence of the displacement error correlation on the efficiency of multihypothesis motion compensation. Reducing the displacement error correlation between the hypotheses decreases the variance of the multihypothesis prediction error. We derive a property for the displacement error correlation coefficient for an optimal multihypothesis motion estimator in the mean squared error sense. We observe for the wide-sense stationary model that jointly optimal motion estimation improves the prediction performance and reduces the prediction error variance up to 12 dB per accuracy refinement step compared to 6 dB per accuracy refinement step for uncorrelated displacement errors. Consequently, the gain of multihypothesis motion-compensated prediction with jointly optimal motion estimation over motion-compensated prediction increases by improving the accuracy of each hypothesis. We also discuss the combination of hypotheses with additive noise and extend the predictor by the optimum Wiener filter.
Single-feed circularly polarized triangular microstrip antennas (2003)

Novel designs of single-feed circularly polarized microstrip antennas using slotted equilateral-triangular patches have been successfully demonstrated. Both cases of regular-size and compact circular polarization (CP) operations using the designs with, respectively, a narrow horizontal slot and a cross slot of unequal slot lengths embedded in the triangular patch are experimentally investigated. For the compact CP design, an antenna size reduction of about 17% as compared to the regular-size CP design is also obtained.
Performance analysis of multicarrier modems in an office environment using 3D ray tracing (2002)

Using a 3D radio propagation model based on ray optics and the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction (UTD), the outage probabilities of multicarrier BPSK and QPSK radio modems with and without Reed Solomon coding schemes in a typical office environment are examined. The accuracy of the model is examined by comparing the results of computer simulations with those obtained from empirical measurements. The effects of key parameters such as number of carriers, bandwidth efficiency, roll-off factor of filters and adjacent channel interference are analyzed. It is shown that in a typical office environment, multicarrier modems with simple block coding schemes can provide data rate on the order of 20 Mbps which are suitable for wireless LAN applications.
Selective block of urethral sphincter contraction using a modified brindley electrode in sacral anterior root stimulation of the dog (2002)

This study shows that selective bladder stimulation with little or no coactivation of the sphincter is possible. A physiological micturition can be achieved by using a tripolar Brindley electrode. Introduction of this stimulation technique into clinical practice should not face major difficulties, considering that the device is an established electrode.