gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduction in experimental infarct size by recombinant human superoxide dismutase: insights into the pathophysiology of reperfusion injury. (1986)

To determine the importance of reperfusion injury and the ability of the free-radical scavenger recombinant human superoxide dismutase (h-SOD) to prevent it, open-chest dogs underwent 90 min of proximal circumflex coronary artery occlusion, and only at the moment of reperfusion received either h-SOD (400,000 IU bolus into the left atrium followed by a 300,000 IU iv infusion over 1 hr) or saline. After 48 hr the surviving animals were killed and measurements were made of the risk region (by postmortem angiography) and infarct size (by gross pathology). All measurements were made by investigators blinded to treatment given, and the code was broken only at the end of the study. Hemodynamic variables and collateral flow during ischemia were similar in the two groups. Infarct size in control animals (n = 8) averaged 22.4 +/- 3.1% of the left ventricle and 52.2 +/- 7.1% of the risk region, compared with 13.3 +/- 0.8% of the left ventricle and 33.6 +/- 2.1% of the risk region in h-SOD-treated dogs (n = 8) (p less than .05). Infarcts in treated animals were not only smaller, but also exhibited a distinctive "patchiness," suggesting protection along vascular distributions. Furthermore, analysis of the relationship between infarct size and collateral flow measured during ischemia in the two groups indicated that protection by h-SOD was greatest in animals with the lowest collateral flows. This study supports the concept that reperfusion of ischemic myocardium results in a separate component of cell damage, presumably linked to the generation of oxygen free radicals on reflow. Since the h-SOD preventable reperfusion component of injury was most pronounced in hearts with the most severe ischemia, scavenging of oxygen radicals at the time of reflow may offer a novel and particularly promising therapeutic approach for the protection of ischemic myocardium.
Phosphonomethoxyalkyl Analogs of Nucleotides (2003)

Acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (ANP) are analogs of nucleotides exhibiting various biological (e.g. antiviral, cytostatic, antiparasitic, immunomodulatory) activities. This review describes synthetic approaches to their preparation, biological activities, structure-activity relationships and mode of action of ANPs, with emphasis to selected drugs or drug candidates. Three compounds of the ANP group (cidofovir, adefovir, tenofovir) are active components of potent antivirals approved for therapeutic use in human medicine aimed at hepatitis B, AIDS and various diseases caused by DNA viruses.
Cloned Calves from Chromatin Remodeled In Vitro1 (2004)

We have developed a novel system for remodeling mammalian somatic nuclei in vitro prior to cloning by nuclear transplantation. The system involves permeabilization of the donor cell and chromatin condensation in a mitotic cell extract to promote removal of nuclear factors solubilized during chromosome condensation. The condensed chromosomes are transferred into enucleated oocytes prior to activation. Unlike nuclei of nuclear transplant embryos, nuclei of chromatin transplant embryos exhibit a pattern of markers closely resembling that of normal embryos. Healthy calves were produced by chromatin transfer. Compared with nuclear transfer, chromatin transfer shows a trend toward greater survival of cloned calves up to at least 1 mo after birth. This is the first successful demonstration of a method for directly manipulating the somatic donor chromatin prior to transplantation. This procedure should be useful for investigating mechanisms of nuclear reprogramming and for making improvements in the efficiency of mammalian cloning.
Inoculation of barrier-born pigs with Helicobacter pylori: a useful animal model for gastritis type B (1990)

At the age of 8 weeks, 15 barrier-born pigs, specific pathogen free, were inoculated intragastrically with suspensions of 10(7) to 10(10) CFU of Helicobacter pylori after pretreatment with omeprazole. The pigs were observed for up to 12 weeks, endoscopic biopsy specimens were taken, and serum samples were drawn. H. pylori was identified by routine culturing and by staining with an H. pylori-specific monoclonal antibody on cryostat sections of gastric biopsy specimens. In 11 of 15 inoculated pigs, H. pylori was detected throughout the observation period. In these infected pigs, there was an antibody response to H. pylori, as determined in serum by an enzyme immunoassay. Furthermore, the development of superficial, focal gastritis with infiltrates of mononuclear class II antigen-expressing lymphocytes was observed immunohistologically. H. pylori was never detected and an antibody response to H. pylori was not observed in two control pigs. The development of gastritis and the systemic antibody response to H. pylori support the usefulness of this animal model for studies of H. pylori-related human diseases.
Encyclopaedia of occupational health and safety (1998)

Volume I: the body - blood, cancer, cardiovascular system, digestive system, mental health, musculoskeletal system, nervous system, renal-urinary system, reproductive system, respiratory system, sensory systems, skin diseases, systemic conditions health care - first aid and emergency services, health protection and promotion, occupational health services management and policy - disability and work, education and training, ethical issues, development technology and trade, labour relations and human resources management, resources information and OSH, resources institutional structural and legal, work and workers, workers compensation systems, workers compensation systems topics in tools and approaches - biological monitoring, epidemiology and statistics, ergonomics, occupational hygiene, personal protection, record systems and surveillance, toxicology. Volume II: psychosocial and organizational factors - psychosocial and organizational factors, organizations and health and safety general hazards - barometric pressure increased, barometric pressure decreased, biological hazards, disasters natural and technological, electricity, fire, heat and cold, hours of work, indoor air quality, indoor environmental control, lighting, noise, radiation ionizing, radiation non-ionizing, vibration, violence, visual display units the environment - environmental health hazards, environmental policy, environmental pollution control accidents and safety management - accident prevention, audits inspections and investigations, safety applications, safety policy and leadership, safety programmes. Volume III: chemicals - using storing and transporting chemicals, minerals and agricultural chemicals, metals chemical properties and toxicity industries based on biological resources - agriculture an dnatural resource based industries, beverage industry, fishing, food industry, forestry, hunting, livestock rearing, lumber, paper and pulp industry industries based on natural resources - iron and steel, mining and quarrying, oil exploration and drilling, power generation and distribution chemical industries - chemical processing, oil and natural gas, pharmaceutical industry, rubber industry manufacturing industries - electrical appliances and equipment, metal processing and metal working industry, microelectronics and semiconductors, glass pottery and related materials, printing photography and reproduction industry, woodworking textiles and apparel industries - clothing and finished textile products, leather fur and footwear, textile goods industry transport industries - aeropspace manufacture and maintenance, motor vehicles and heavy equipment, ship and boat building and repair construction - construction services and trade. (Part contents).
Kinetic Measurements of DNA Hybridization on an Oligonucleotide-Immobilized 27-MHz Quartz Crystal Microbalance (1998)

A highly sensitive 27-MHz quartz-crystal microbalance, on which a 10-30-mer oligonucleotide was immobilized as a probe molecule, was employed to detect hybridization of complementary oligonucleotides in aqueous solution. From frequency decreases (mass increases due to the hybridization) with passage of time, kinetic parameters such as association constants (K(a)) and binding and dissociation rate constants (k(1) and k(-1)) could be obtained, as well as binding (hybridization) amount at the nanogram level (delta m). Kinetic studies were carried out by changing various parameters: (i) the immobilization method of a probe oligonucleotide on Au electrode, (ii) number of mismatching bases in sequences of target oligonucleotides, (iii) length of both probe and target oligonucleotides, (iv) hybridization temperature, and (v) ionic strength in solution. The obtained results were compared with those obtained by a surface plasmon resonance method using a BIAcore system.
Cloning of the trp-1 gene from neurospora crassa by complementation of a trpC mutation in Escherichia coli (1982)

Studies with a hybrid plasmid containing 4.0 kilobase pairs of Neurospora crassa DNA cloned into plasmid pBR322 indicated that the plasmid restored to prototrophy a trpC mutant of Escherichia coli which lacked phosphoribosyl anthranilate isomerase but not a trpC mutant which lacked indole glycerol phosphate synthetase, that the relevant transcription was initiated at a promoter within the N. crassa DNA, and that the phosphoribosyl anthranilate isomerase could be specified by a subcloned segment of the original DNA.
Manufacturing of Electrically Conductive Microstructures by Dropwise Printing and Laser Curing of Nanoparticle-Suspensions (2002)

A novel method for the manufacturing of electric microconductors for semiconductor and other devices is presented. The method brings together three technologies: controlled (on demand) printing, laser curing, and the employment of nanoparticles of matter, possessing markedly different properties (here, melting point) than their bulk counterparts. A suspension of gold particles in toluene solvent is employed to print electrically conducting line patterns utilizing a modified on demand ink jet printing process. To this end, microdroplets of 80–100 μm diameters are deposited on a moving substrate such that the droplets form continuous lines. Focused laser irradiation is utilized in order to evaporate the solvent, melt the metal nanoparticles in the suspension, and sinter the suspended particles to form continuous, electrically conducting gold microlines on a substrate. The ultra fine particles in the suspension have a diameter size range of 2 – 5 nm. Due to curvature effects of such small particles, the melting point is markedly lower (400°C) than that of bulk gold (1063°C). Thermodynamic aspects of the effect of particle size on the melting and evaporation temperatures of gold and toluene, respectively, are discussed in the paper. The structure and line width of the cured line as a function of the laser irradiation power and stage velocity are reported in detail. Preliminary measurements of the electrical conductivity are represented.
A method of joint compensation of additive and convolutive distortions for speaker-independent speech recognition (2005)

A speech recognizer operating in a mobile environment has to be robust to two distortion sources: ambient noise (additive distortion) and microphone changes (convolutive distortion). Explicitly and simultaneously modeling the two distortion sources has been a great challenge for speech recognition in adverse environments. In this paper, two log-spectral domain components are introduced in speech acoustic models to represent additive and convolutive distortions. A method, called JAC, jointly compensates both additive and convolutive distortions. For each utterance to be recognized, it adapts HMM mean vectors with a noise estimate and a channel estimate. The noise estimate is calculated from the pre-utterance pause and the channel estimate is calculated using an EM algorithm from speech utterances produced in the distortion environment. The algorithm is evaluated on a noisy speech database recorded in-vehicle with a hands-free distant microphone in several sessions, including parked, stop-and-go, and highway driving conditions. Experiments show that the method typically reduces recognition word error rate by an order of magnitude. The method makes it possible to obtain high performance for speaker-independent recognition in changing noisy environments without collecting any noisy speech for training.
Single-Cell Microbiology: Tools, Technologies, and Applications (2004)

The field of microbiology has traditionally been concerned with and focused on studies at the population level. Information on how cells respond to their environment, interact with each other, or undergo complex processes such as cellular differentiation or gene expression has been obtained mostly by inference from population-level data. Individual microorganisms, even those in supposedly "clonal" populations, may differ widely from each other in terms of their genetic composition, physiology, biochemistry, or behavior. This genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity has important practical consequences for a number of human interests, including antibiotic or biocide resistance, the productivity and stability of industrial fermentations, the efficacy of food preservatives, and the potential of pathogens to cause disease. New appreciation of the importance of cellular heterogeneity, coupled with recent advances in technology, has driven the development of new tools and techniques for the study of individual microbial cells. Because observations made at the single-cell level are not subject to the "averaging" effects characteristic of bulk-phase, population-level methods, they offer the unique capacity to observe discrete microbiological phenomena unavailable using traditional approaches. As a result, scientists have been able to characterize microorganisms, their activities, and their interactions at unprecedented levels of detail.
Face recognition using eigenfaces (2002)

An approach to the detection and identification of human faces is presented, and a working, near-real-time face recognition system which tracks a subject's head and then recognizes the person by comparing characteristics of the face to those of known individuals is described. This approach treats face recognition as a two-dimensional recognition problem, taking advantage of the fact that faces are normally upright and thus may be described by a small set of 2-D characteristic views. Face images are projected onto a feature space ('face space') that best encodes the variation among known face images. The face space is defined by the 'eigenfaces', which are the eigenvectors of the set of faces; they do not necessarily correspond to isolated features such as eyes, ears, and noses. The framework provides the ability to learn to recognize new faces in an unsupervised manner.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Can Combining Femoral and Acetabular Morphology Parameters Improve the Characterization of Femoroacetabular Impingement? (2014)

The omega zone visualizes and quantifies the interaction of the proximal femur and acetabulum. The omega zone differed between patients with cam-type FAI and control subjects with high alpha angles (≥ 55°), who could not be distinguished based on alpha angle alone. For hip-preserving surgery, it can help surgeons decide whether to address the femur, the acetabulum, or both.
Polymerization of Aromatic Silanes in RF Plasmas (1982)

Phenylsilane, , subjected to a low power rf discharge at low pressures and elevated temperatures results in polymeric films of unusual properties. In contrast to the known plasma chemistry of other aromatic materials, the benzene ring of does not fragment in the plasma polymerization process as is indicated by the virtual absence of aliphatic C‒H stretching frequencies in the infrared spectrum of the deposited film. A similar lack of aliphatic hydrogen is observed in plasma polymers from diphenylsilane, disilylbenzene, and p‐chlorophenylsilane. The predominant structural features of the phenylsilane plasma polymer films are cross‐linked polysilane chains with pendant phenyl groups. The degree of cross‐linking increases with increasing substrate temperature. The films are resistant to thermal degradation in vacuo to 500°C and maintain their mechanical integrity during thermal oxidation in air.
Three-color versus four-color multiparameter cell cycle analyses of primary acute myeloid leukemia samples (2000)

Checkpoint alterations that impact cell cycle and apoptosis responses to therapeutic treatments may produce drug resistance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). To study these, we have developed flow cytometry assays of checkpoint function that also allow quantitation of key molecular regulators of apoptosis and cell cycle. We have used three-color (3C) assays, with FITC-labeled anti-BCL-2 and PE-labeled anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibodies, and the DNA dye 7-aminoactinomycin, to characterize primary leukemia cells identified in DNA x side light scatter (SSC) histograms. We showed that 3C assays are accurate and reproducible in analyses of leukemia cell lines and of primary AML and normal bone marrow samples (Banker et al.: Blood 89: 243-255, 1997; Banker et al.: Leukemia Res 22: 221-239, 1998; Banker et al.: Clin Cancer Res 4: 3051-3062, 1998). To further confirm the validity of our SSC leukemia cell gating and to address whether immunophenotypic AML subsets might have different biologic properties, we have now designed four-color (4C) flow assays to characterize checkpoint status in leukemic blasts specifically identified by surface immunostaining. In modeling this assay strategy, PE/Cy5-labeled anti-CD34 antibody was used to detect blasts, with FITC-labeled anti-BCL-2, PE-labeled anti-PCNA antibodies, and Hoechst 33342 (H33342) DNA dye. Four-color CD34-gated data was concordant with 3C, SSC-gated data for leukemia cell lines and for most primary AML samples with high and intermediate blast counts. BCL-2 and PCNA immunopositivity and sub-G1 apoptosis determinations were different in the CD34-gated versus SSC-gated blasts in particular samples with smaller CD34(+) subsets, suggesting that leukemia samples can contain blast subsets with different biologic properties. On the other hand, PCNA-gated cell-cycle distributions in untreated cells and G1 versus S phase cell-cycle arrests after cytosine arabinoside treatments were completely concordant in 4C and 3C assays. We conclude that both 3C and 4C assays can be used to characterize protein expression and cell-cycle drug response patterns in leukemia blasts, but that 4C assays may additionally allow discrimination of these properties in immunophenotypic leukemia subsets.
The associations of viral and mycoplasmal antibody titers with respiratory disease and weight gain in feedlot calves. (1999)

Blood samples from 32 groups of calves (n = 700) were taken on arrival and after 28-35 days at the feedlot. Eleven groups were housed in feedlots in Ontario, and 21 groups in feedlots in Alberta. Serum antibody titers to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV-3), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV), Mycoplasma dispar and M. bovis, plus data on bovine corona virus (BCV) from a previous study were investigated for their association with the risk of bovine respiratory disease (BRD), and with 28-day weight change, both before and after controlling for titers to Pasteurella haemolytica and Haemophilus somnus. Exposure to IBRV and M. bovis was infrequent, and although exposure to PIV-3 was more common, none of these agents had important associations with BRD. Higher titers to BVDV, BRSV, and BCV on arrival were associated with reduced risks of BRD and increased weight gains. However, there was some variation in these relationships and higher arrival titers to BVDV and BRSV in a subset of the calves were associated with increased risks of BRD. Titer increases to BVDV were associated with a higher risk of BRD and lower weight gains. Titer increases to BRSV were not usually associated with the occurrence of BRD, but titer increases to BRSV in a subset of calves that were vaccinated against BRSV, on arrival, were associated with an elevated risk of BRD. Of all the agents studied, BVDV had the most consistent associations with elevated risk of BRD and lower weight gains. Higher BRSV arrival titers were related to lower risk of BRD and higher weight gains; in some instances titer increases to BRSV were associated with higher BRD risk. Higher titers to BCV on arrival were related to reduced risks of BRD. Practical ways of adequately preventing the negative effects of these agents are still needed.
Human Intelectin Is a Novel Soluble Lectin That Recognizes Galactofuranose in Carbohydrate Chains of Bacterial Cell Wall (2001)

Galactofuranosyl residues are present in various microorganisms but not in mammals. In this study, we identified a human lectin binding to galactofuranosyl residues and named this protein human intelectin (hIntL). The mature hIntL was a secretory glycoprotein consisting of 295 amino acids and N-linked oligosaccharides, and its basic structural unit was a 120-kDa homotrimer in which 40-kDa polypeptides were bridged by disulfide bonds. The hIntL gene was split into 8 exons on chromosome 1q21.3, and hIntL mRNA was expressed in the heart, small intestine, colon, and thymus. hIntL showed high levels of homology with mouse intelectin, Xenopus laevis cortical granule lectin/oocyte lectin, lamprey serum lectin, and ascidian galactose-specific lectin. These homologues commonly contained no carbohydrate recognition domain, which is a characteristic of C-type lectins, although some of them have been reported as Ca(2+)-dependent lectins. Recombinant hIntL revealed affinities to d-pentoses and a d-galactofuranosyl residue in the presence of Ca(2+), and recognized the bacterial arabinogalactan of Nocardia containing d-galactofuranosyl residues. These results suggested that hIntL is a new type lectin recognizing galactofuranose, and that hIntL plays a role in the recognition of bacteria-specific components in the host.
Face recognition at a distance system for surveillance applications (2010)

Face recognition at a distance is concerned with the automatic recognition of non-cooperative subjects over a wide area. This remote biométrie collection and identification problem can be addressed with an active vision system where people are detected and tracked with wide-field-of-view cameras and near-field-of-view pan-tilt-zoom cameras are automatically controlled to collect high-resolution facial images. We have developed a prototype active-vision face recognition at a distance system that we call the Biometrie Surveillance System. In this paper we review related prior work, describe the design and operation of this system, and provide experimental performance results. The system features predictive subject targeting and an adaptive target selection mechanism based on the current actions and history of each tracked subject to help ensure that facial images are captured for all subjects in view. Experimental tests designed to simulate operation in large transportation hubs show that the system can track subjects and capture facial images at distances of 25-50 m and can recognize them using a commercial face recognition system at a distance of 15-20 m.
Temperature independent performance of organic semiconductor lasers (1997)

Characteristics of lasing in optically pumped, vacuum deposited organic semiconductor thin films of tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum doped with DCM laser dye are studied as a function of DCM concentration and ambient temperature. In contrast to inorganic laser diodes, the lasing wavelength, output power, differential quantum efficiency, and threshold pump energy of organic lasers are found to be independent of temperature in the range from 0 to 140 °C. In addition, no degradation in laser performance was observed at temperatures approaching 160 °C.