gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
c-Through (2010)

Data-intensive applications that operate on large volumes of data have motivated a fresh look at the design of data center networks. The first wave of proposals focused on designing pure packet-switched networks that provide full bisection bandwidth. However, these proposals significantly increase network complexity in terms of the number of links and switches required and the restricted rules to wire them up. On the other hand, optical circuit switching technology holds a very large bandwidth advantage over packet switching technology. This fact motivates us to explore how optical circuit switching technology could benefit a data center network. In particular, we propose a hybrid packet and circuit switched data center network architecture (or HyPaC for short) which augments the traditional hierarchy of packet switches with a high speed, low complexity, rack-to-rack optical circuit-switched network to supply high bandwidth to applications. We discuss the fundamental requirements of this hybrid architecture and their design options. To demonstrate the potential benefits of the hybrid architecture, we have built a prototype system called c-Through. c-Through represents a design point where the responsibility for traffic demand estimation and traffic demultiplexing resides in end hosts, making it compatible with existing packet switches. Our emulation experiments show that the hybrid architecture can provide large benefits to unmodified popular data center applications at a modest scale. Furthermore, our experimental experience provides useful insights on the applicability of the hybrid architecture across a range of deployment scenarios.
Antioxidant activity of tropical ginger extracts and analysis of the contained curcuminoids (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntioxidant activity of tropical ginger extracts and analysis of the contained curcuminoidsAkiko. Jitoe, Toshiya. Masuda, I. G. P. Tengah, Dewa N. Suprapta, I. W. Gara, and Nobuji. NakataniCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1992, 40, 8, 1337–1340Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00020a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00020a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1128Altmetric-Citations107LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of Dense and Chiral Dendritic Polyols Using Glyconanosynthon Scaffolds (2016)

Most classical dendrimers are frequently built-up from identical repeating units of low valency (usually AB2 monomers). This strategy necessitates several generations to achieve a large number of surface functionalities. In addition, these typical monomers are achiral. We propose herein the use of sugar derivatives consisting of several and varied functionalities with their own individual intrinsic chirality as both scaffolds/core as well as repeating units. This approach allows the construction of chiral, dense dendrimers with a large number of surface groups at low dendrimer generations. Perpropargylated β-D-glucopyranoside, serving as an A5 core, together with various derivatives, such as 2-azidoethyl tetra-O-allyl-β-D-glucopyranoside, serving as an AB4 repeating moiety, were utilized to construct chiral dendrimers using "click chemistry" (CuAAC reaction). These were further modified by thiol-ene and thiol-yne click reactions with alcohols to provide dendritic polyols. Molecular dynamic simulation supported the assumption that the resulting polyols have a dense structure.
Managing chronic pain with encapsulated cell implants releasing catecholamines and endogenous opiods (2005)

Spinal injections (intrathecal) of norepinephrine and/or opiod agonists are antinociceptive and when administered together may act in synergy. Spinal implants of adrenal chromaffin cells are an effective method for sustained delivery of the analgesic substances norepinephrine and enkephalin to the central nervous system (CNS). One method of packaging and implanting cell-loaded devices into the intrathecal space of recipients is by encapsulating the cell suspensions in a polymer membrane prior to implantation. Cells/tissue packaged within an encapsulating membrane obviate the need for immunosuppressive therapies in transplant recipients. In addition, device output can be quantified prior to implantation, and following the removal of the spinal implant. The ability to retrieve the devices with the present tubular configuration also confers an additional margin of safety over unencapsulated chromaffin cell implants. This paper reviews the research and clinical observations of cellular transplants containing adrenal chromaffin cells for relieving chronic pain. Encapsulated cell technology is discussed with an emphasis on our experiences developing pain-modulating clinical devices. The human-sized prototype devices were loaded with enzymatically isolated bovine chromaffin cells and maintained in vitro for 7 - 8 days in serum-free media. Two days prior to implantation, each device was assayed by static incubation to measure catecholamine and met-enkephalin output, and qualified devices (n = 6) were implanted into the sheep subarachnoid space for 6 weeks. Following a 6 week in life period, the retrieval forces of prototype devices were measured during removal from the subarachnoid space. Static incubation of the devices immediately following retrieval and after a 24 hour re-incubation period were used to quantify norepinephrine and met-enkephalin secretion profiles. This study demonstrated the safety, retrievability and maintenance of pharmacologically active encapsulated chromaffin cell-loaded devices with human implant dimensions.
A potent small molecule inhibits polyglutamine aggregation in Huntington's disease neurons and suppresses neurodegeneration in vivo (2005)

Polyglutamine (polyQ) disorders, including Huntington's disease (HD), are caused by expansion of polyQ-encoding repeats within otherwise unrelated gene products. In polyQ diseases, the pathology and death of affected neurons are associated with the accumulation of mutant proteins in insoluble aggregates. Several studies implicate polyQ-dependent aggregation as a cause of neurodegeneration in HD, suggesting that inhibition of neuronal polyQ aggregation may be therapeutic in HD patients. We have used a yeast-based high-throughput screening assay to identify small-molecule inhibitors of polyQ aggregation. We validated the effects of four hit compounds in mammalian cell-based models of HD, optimized compound structures for potency, and then tested them in vitro in cultured brain slices from HD transgenic mice. These efforts identified a potent compound (IC50=10 nM) with long-term inhibitory effects on polyQ aggregation in HD neurons. Testing of this compound in a Drosophila HD model showed that it suppresses neurodegeneration in vivo, strongly suggesting an essential role for polyQ aggregation in HD pathology. The aggregation inhibitors identified in this screen represent four primary chemical scaffolds and are strong lead compounds for the development of therapeutics for human polyQ diseases.
Proteomics in Breast Cancer (2003)

Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer among women.The identification of proteins associated with breast cancer carcinogenesis,as well as the different stages of this pathalogy,is of critical importance.Twodimensional electrophoresis(2DE) has been used for studying breast cancer before the emergy of proteomics.However,with the completion of human genomic sequencing and the introduction of mass spectrometry,combined with bioinformatics for protein identification,breast cancer research has been considerably increased.The research of breast cancer will be developed more quickly by means of newer technologies such as laser capture microdissect(LCM),surfaceenhanced laser desorption/ionization timeof flight (SELDITOF),protein array and tissue array.A few of molecular markers have already identified by breast cancer proteomics research.In this paper,we simply introduce the newest technologies and some performance in breast cancer proteomics research.
Spontaneous ex vivo apoptosis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with head and neck cancer. (1999)

Proportions of apoptotic (TUNEL+) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were measured by flow cytometry in patients with head and neck cancer and normal controls at the time of blood draws (0 time) and after 24-h incubation. PBMCs were incubated at 37 degrees C in medium (spontaneous apoptosis) and in the presence of CH-11 antibody (anti-Fas) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, both capable of inducing DNA fragmentation in activated T cells expressing the TNF family of receptors. PBMCs obtained from the patients had significantly higher (P < 0.0001) proportion of apoptotic cells than PBMCs of controls at 0 time as well as after 24-h incubation. Ex vivo apoptosis included all subsets of PBMCs: CD3+ T cells, CD16+ CD56+ natural killer cells, CD19+ B cells, and CD14+ monocytes, as determined by two-color flow cytometry. However, T cells represented the largest PBMC subset undergoing apoptosis, and lymphocytes rather than monocytes were the major TUNEL+ PBMC population. Among T cells, the level of spontaneous ex vivo apoptosis was nearly as high as that of CH-11 antibody-induced or TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis, indicating that activated Fas+ and TNFR1+ T cells were preprogrammed in vivo to die. Also, elevated levels of spontaneous apoptosis at time 0 in patients with head and neck cancer (P < 0.0001) indicated that a higher fraction of PBMCs was undergoing apoptosis in vivo in patients than controls. Together, the data suggest that an increased rate of turnover of lymphocytes is associated with cancer and may be responsible for functional lymphocyte imbalance, even in treated patients who have no evident disease.
PRL-1 PTPase expression is developmentally regulated with tissue-specific patterns in epithelial tissues (2000)

The mechanisms controlling tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins are important in the regulation of many cellular processes, including development and differentiation. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) may be as important as protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) in these processes. PRL-1 is a distinct PTPase originally identified as an immediate-early gene in liver regeneration whose expression is associated with growth in some tissues but with differentiation in others. We now demonstrate that the PRL-1 protein is expressed during development in a number of digestive epithelial tissues. It is expressed at variable time points in the developing intestine, but its expression is limited to the developing villus enterocytes. In the gastric epithelium, PRL-1 expression in the adult is restricted to zymogen cells. PRL-1 is also expressed in the developing liver and esophagus and in the epithelia of the kidney and lung. In each of these contexts, the expression of PRL-1 is associated with terminal differentiation, suggesting that it may play a role in this important developmental process.
An experimental comparison of three direct methods of marine source signature estimation (1998)

Three methods for estimation of the pressure wavefield generated by a marine airgun array are tested experimentally and compared. In the trial a variety of radiation angles and array configurations were used and some large synchronization errors were deliberately introduced. The source was equipped with near‐field hydrophones and a subsource ministreamer. A tethered far‐field hydrophone was used so that the three estimated far‐field signatures could be compared with an independent measurement. The knowledge of the source signature is important for on‐board source array QC, deconvolution, multiple attenuation, stratigraphic trap prediction, modelling and inversion, AVO analysis and reservoir monitoring. The methods perform very well and give estimates whose frequency‐domain spectra match the measured spectra to within a few dB and within a few tens of degrees of phase over the tested bandwidth of 3.5–110 Hz. The time‐domain error‐energy is typically only a few per cent of the signal energy for radiation angles within about 30° of the vertical. The third method proved to be sensitive to an experimental shortcoming leading to overloading of the ministreamer and meaningful comparison was not possible for some test configurations.
Power-Modulated Challenge-Response Schemes for Verifying Location Claims (2007)

Location information should be verifiable in order to support new computing and information services. In this paper, we adapt the classical challenge-response method for authentication to the task of verifying an entity's location. Our scheme utilizes a collection of transmitters, and adapts their power allocations to verify a user's claimed location. This strategy, which we call power-modulated challenge response, is able to be used with existing wireless sensor networks, and we present three variations. First, we propose a direct method, where some transmitters are selected to send "challenges" that the claimant node should be able to witness based on its claimed location, and for which the claimant node must correctly respond in order to prove its location. Second, we reverse the strategy by presenting an indirect method, where some transmitters send challenges that the claimant node should not be able to witness. Finally, we present a signal strength based method, where the node responds with its received signal strength and thereby provides improved location verification. To evaluate our schemes, we examine different adversarial models for the claimant, and characterize the performance of our power-modulated challenge response schemes under these adversarial models.
Linear electric actuators and generators (1999)

Linear electric actuators and generators (LEAGs) are electromagnetic devices which develop directly short-travel progressive (or oscillatory) linear motion. Machine tool sliding tables, pen recorders and free piston power machines are typical industrial applications for LEAGs. Their recent revival in applications in compressors, pumps, electromagnetic valve actuators, active shock absorbers, vibrators, etc. Prompts this review, which presents main LEAGs configurations, their principles of operations, comparative performance evaluation, motion control and existing as well as potential applications.
Degradation of cartilage aggrecan by collagenase‐3 (MMP‐13) (1996)

Degradation of the large cartilage proteoglycan aggrecan in arthritis involves an unidentified enzyme aggrecanase, and at least one of the matrix metalloproteinases. Proteinase-sensitive cleavage sites in the aggrecan interglobular domain (IGD) have been identified for many of the humman MMPs, as well as for aggrecanase and other proteinases. The major MMP expressed by chondrocytes stimulated with retinoic acid to degrade their matrix is collagenase-3 or MMP-13. Because of its potential role in aggrecan degradation we examined the specificity of MMP-13 for an aggrecan substrate. The results show that MMP-13 cleaves aggrecan in the IGD at the same site (..PEN314-FFG..) identified for other members of the MMP family, and also at a novel site ..VKP384-VFE.. not previously observed for other proteinases.
Energy dissipation and radical scavenging by the plant phenylpropanoid pathway (2000)

Environmental stresses such as high light, low temperatures, pathogen infection and nutrient deficiency can lead to increased production of free radicals and other oxidative species in plants. A growing body of evidence suggests that plants respond to these biotic and abiotic stress factors by increasing their capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species. Efforts to understand this acclimatory process have focused on the components of the 'classical' antioxidant system, i.e. superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase and the low molecular weight antioxidants ascorbate and glutathione. However, relatively few studies have explored the role of secondary metabolic pathways in plant response to oxidative stress. A case in point is the phenylpropanoid pathway which is responsible for the synthesis of a diverse array of phenolic metabolites such as flavonoids, tannins, hydroxycinnamate esters and the structural polymer lignin. These compounds are often induced by stress and serve specific roles in plant protection, i.e. pathogen defence, ultraviolet screening, antiherbivory, or structural components of the cell wall. This review will highlight a novel antioxidant function for the taxonomically widespread phenylpropanoid metabolite chlorogenic acid (CGA; 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid) and assess its possible role in abiotic stress tolerance. The relationship between CGA biosynthesis and photosynthetic carbon metabolism will also be discussed. Based on the properties of this model phenolic metabolite, we propose that under stress conditions phenylpropanoid biosynthesis may represent an alternative pathway for photochemical energy dissipation that has the added benefit of enhancing the antioxidant capacity of the cell.
Transcriptional regulation of the human prointerleukin 1 beta gene. (1987)

Interleukin 1 (IL 1) is a protein produced by monocytes in response to certain antigens which produces a wide variety of cellular responses in various tissues. We have studied the regulation of the human proIL-1 beta gene in THP-1 human monocytic leukemia cells. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction of this gene results in an immediate and transient increase of message that rapidly falls to a low, but constant, level within 6 hr. This decrease results from a specific repression of transcription by 2 hr after stimulation. Cycloheximide inhibition of new protein synthesis causes a superinduction of IL 1 message, but does not alter the initial kinetics of message production. This presumably delays the synthesis of a labile transcriptional repressor protein and implies that the proIL-1 beta gene is under the control of both a transcriptional activator and a newly synthesized transcriptional repressor. The transient increase in mRNA production and the sustained low-level synthesis beyond the initial transient response suggest that the IL 1 protein itself may act intracellularly in a manner analogous to that described for several proto-oncogenes and cellular competence factors.
3D 65nm CMOS with 320&#x00B0;C microwave dopant activation (2009)

For the first time, CMOS TFTs of 65 nm channel length have been demonstrated by using a novel microwave dopant activation technique. A low temperature microwave anneal is demonstrated and discussed in this study. We have successfully activated the poly-Si gate electrode and source/drain junctions, BF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> for p-MOS TFTs and P <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">31</sup> for n-MOS TFTs at a low temperature of 320°C without diffusion. The technology is promising for high performance and low cost upper layer nanometer-scale transistors as required by low temperature 3D-ICs fabrication.
Increasing Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance Among Uropathogens Causing Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis in Women (1999)

While the prevalence of resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, and cephalothin increased significantly among uropathogens causing acute cystitis, resistance to nitrofurantoin and ciprofloxacin remained infrequent. These in vitro susceptibility patterns should be considered along with other factors, such as efficacy, cost, and cost-effectiveness in selecting empirical therapy for acute uncomplicated cystitis in women.
Quantitative profiling of the full APOBEC3 mRNA repertoire in lymphocytes and tissues: implications for HIV-1 restriction (2010)

The human APOBEC3 proteins are DNA cytidine deaminases that impede the replication of many different transposons and viruses. The genes that encode APOBEC3A, APOBEC3B, APOBEC3C, APOBEC3D, APOBEC3F, APOBEC3G and APOBEC3H were generated through relatively recent recombination events. The resulting high degree of inter-relatedness has complicated the development of specific quantitative PCR assays for these genes despite considerable interest in understanding their expression profiles. Here, we describe a set of quantitative PCR assays that specifically measures the mRNA levels of each APOBEC3 gene. The specificity and sensitivity of each assay was validated using a full matrix of APOBEC3 cDNA templates. The assays were used to quantify the APOBEC3 repertoire in multiple human T-cell lines, bulk leukocytes and leukocyte subsets, and 20 different human tissues. The data demonstrate that multiple APOBEC3 genes are expressed constitutively in most types of cells and tissues, and that distinct APOBEC3 genes are induced upon T-cell activation and interferon treatment. These data help define the APOBEC3 repertoire relevant to HIV-1 restriction in T cells, and they suggest a general model in which multiple APOBEC3 proteins function together to provide a constitutive barrier to foreign genetic elements, which can be fortified by transcriptional induction.
Identification of β-cell-specific insulin gene transcription factor RIPE3b1 as mammalian MafA (2002)

Of the three critical enhancer elements that mediate beta-cell-specific and glucose-responsive expression of the insulin gene, only the identity of the transcription factor binding to the RIPE3b element (RIPE3b1) has remained elusive. Using a biochemical purification approach, we have identified the RIPE3b1 factor as a mammalian homologue of avian MafA/L-Maf (mMafA). The avian MafA is a cell-type determination factor that expressed ectopically can trigger lens differentiation program, but no mammalian homologue of avian MafA has previously been identified. Here, we report cloning of the human mafA (hMafA) and demonstrate that it can specifically bind the insulin enhancer element RIPE3b and activate insulin-gene expression. In addition, mMafA has a very restrictive cellular distribution and is selectively expressed in pancreatic beta but not in alpha cells. We suggest that mMafA has an essential role in the function and differentiation of beta-cells and thus may be associated with the pathophysiological origins of diabetes.