gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of a superoxide dismutase derivative that circulates bound to albumin and accumulates in tissues whose pH is decreased (1989)

Protection of tissues from oxidative stress is one of the major prerequisites for aerobic life. Since intravenously injected Cu2+/Zn2+-type superoxide dismutase (SOD) disappears from the circulation with a short half-life of 5 min, its clinical use as a scavenger for superoxide radical is limited. We synthesized a human erythrocyte type SOD derivative (SM-SOD) by linking 2 mol of hydrophobic organic anion, alpha-4-[( 6-(N-maleimido)hexanoyloxymethyl]cumyl]half-butyl-esterified poly(styrene-co-maleic acid) (SM), to the cysteinyl residues of the dimeric enzyme without decreasing enzymic activity. SM-SOD, but not SOD, bound to an albumin-Sepharose column; the bound SM-SOD was eluted by a buffer solution containing 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate or 10 mM warfarin, suggesting that SM-SOD reversibly binds to the warfarin site on albumin. Due to the amphipathic nature of the SMI moiety, SM-SOD bound also to cell membranes particularly when the pH was decreased. In vivo analysis in the rat revealed that intravenously injected SM-SOD circulated bound to albumin with a half-life of 6 h. Postischemic reperfusion arrhythmias were almost completely prevented by a single dose of SM-SOD, but not SOD. Thus, the prolonged half-life of SM-SOD in the circulation and its preferential accumulation in an injured site with decreased pH appeared to be responsible for preventing myocardial injury. These results suggest that superoxide radical and/or its metabolite(s) would play an important role in the pathogenesis of postischemic reperfusion arrhythmias and that SM-SOD may be useful for decreasing tissue injury in ischemic heart disease.
Wnt/β‐catenin and ERK pathway activation: A possible mechanism of photobiomodulation therapy with light‐emitting diodes that regulate the proliferation of human outer root sheath cells (2017)

These results demonstrate that LED light irradiation induced hORSC proliferation and migration and inhibited apoptosis in vitro. The growth-promoting effects of LEDs on hORSCs appear to be associated with direct stimulation of the Wnt5a/β-catenin and ERK signaling pathway. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:940-947, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acceleration of Plasminogen Activation by Tissue Plasminogen Activator on Surface-bound Histidine-proline-rich Glycoprotein (1997)

Histidine-proline-rich glycoprotein (HPRG), also known as histidine-rich glycoprotein, is a major plasminogen-binding protein. In this work we characterized extensively the circumstances under which HPRG accelerates plasminogen activation and the specificity of this effect. Soluble HPRG did not significantly influence plasminogen activation. In contrast, native HPRG bound to hydrazide or nickel chelate surfaces strongly stimulated the activation of plasminogen by tissue plasminogen activator, but not by urokinase or streptokinase. The efficiency of activation on surface-bound HPRG was increased for Glu-plasminogen (41-fold), Lys-plasminogen (17-fold), and cross-linked Glu-plasminogen (11-fold) but not for mini-plasminogen, and was mainly due to a decrease in the apparent Km. A reduced susceptibility to inhibition by chloride ions contributed to the higher activation rate of Glu-plasminogen on an HPRG surface. The immobilized N- and C-terminal domains, but not the histidine-proline-rich domain of HPRG, also bound plasminogen and stimulated its activation. HPRG-enhanced plasminogen activation was proportional to the quantity of HPRG immobilized and was abolished by anti-HPRG antiserum, by low concentrations of epsilon-aminocaproic acid, by methylation of lysine residues in HPRG, and by treatment of HPRG with carboxypeptidase B. Soluble HPRG and a plasminogen fragment, kringle 1-2-3, acted as competitive inhibitors by binding to plasminogen and immobilized HPRG, respectively. The interaction of the conserved C-terminal lysine of HPRG with the high affinity lysine binding site of plasminogen is necessary and sufficient to accelerate plasminogen activation. Unlike other stimulators of plasminogen activation, the effect of HPRG on fibrinolysis is modulated by factors that influence the equilibrium between solution and surface-bound HPRG.
Synthesis and Growth Mechanism of Pentagonal Bipyramid-Shaped Gold-Rich Au/Ag Alloy Nanoparticles (2007)

Pentagonal bipyramid-shaped gold-rich Au/Ag alloy nanoparticles are synthesized in ethylene glycol (EG) in the presence of small amounts of AgNO3 and PVP without using Au seeds. The contents of Au and Ag in pentagonal nanobipyramids are determined by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The EDS data demonstrates that this kind of nanoparticles is composed of Au/Ag alloys, not silver monolayers simply covering the surface of Au nanoparticles. Insights into the growth mechanism of pentagonal bipyramid-shaped gold-rich Au/Ag alloy nanoparticles are discussed.
Fabrication of 80 Å metal wires (1984)

Some years ago Possin reported the fabrication of wires as small as 400 Å in diameter with a method involving electroplating into etched particle tracks in mica. We have refined this technique, and can now use it to routinely produce wires as small as 80 Å. These refinements are described, and the possibility of making even smaller wires with this method is discussed.
A Novel Method of  CO 2 Capture from High Temperature Gases (1998)

Lithium zirconate powder reacts immediately with ambient in the range of 450 to 550°C. Moreover the products react and return reversibly to lithium zirconate at temperatures above 650°C. Utilizing this reaction, the possibility of a separation system which operates at around 550°C is suggested. A separation process operable at temperatures beyond 500°C may have a special benefit, because the separation can be achieved directly during the fuel reforming process, where high concentration is expected.
Outer mitochondrial membrane permeability can regulate coupled respiration and cell survival (2000)

Coupled cellular respiration requires that ATP and ADP be efficiently exchanged between the cytosol and the mitochondrial matrix. When growth factors are withdrawn from dependent cells, metabolism is disrupted by a defect in ATP/ADP exchange across the mitochondrial membranes. Unexpectedly, we find that this defect results from loss of outer mitochondrial membrane permeability to metabolic anions. This decrease in anion permeability correlates with the changes in conductance properties that accompany closure of the voltage-dependent anion channel (also known as mitochondrial porin). Loss of outer membrane permeability (i) results in the accumulation of stored metabolic energy within the intermembrane space in the form of creatine phosphate, (ii) is prevented by the outer mitochondrial membrane proteins Bcl-x(L) and Bcl-2, and (iii) can be reversed by growth factor readdition. If outer membrane impermeability persists, the disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis culminates in loss of outer mitochondrial membrane integrity, cytochrome c redistribution, and apoptosis. The recognition that outer membrane permeability is regulated under physiological conditions has important implications for the understanding of bioenergetics and cell survival.
Excitation of the HF surface wave by vertical and horizontal antennas (1979)

Using a spherical earth model, we develop a normal mode analysis for the excitation by an azimuthally symmetric source region. We then specialize the general formulation to deal with a vertical antenna with a prescribed current distribution. In particular, we consider the current distribution that would excite a pure Zenneck wave on the corresponding planar earth model. But we also consider excitation by vertical electric dipole and a uniform current distribution. Finally, we examine a horizontal antenna that is excited by a traveling current wave. Our general conclusion is that the Zenneck wave aperture illumination (i.e., current distribution) is a poor choice for enhancing the ground wave over a spherical earth. This point is illustrated for specific calculations at a frequency of 1 and 10 MHz over both land and sea.
The Preclinical Natural History of Serous Ovarian Cancer: Defining the Target for Early Detection (2009)

Our analysis has formalized essential conditions for successful early detection of serous ovarian cancer. Although the window of opportunity for early detection of these cancers lasts for several years, developing a test sufficiently sensitive and specific to take advantage of that opportunity will be a challenge. We estimated that the tumors we would need to detect to achieve even 50% sensitivity are more than 200 times smaller than the clinically apparent serous cancers typically used to evaluate performance of candidate biomarkers; none of the biomarker assays reported to date comes close to the required level of performance. Overcoming the signal-to-noise problem inherent in detection of tiny tumors will likely require discovery of truly cancer-specific biomarkers or development of novel approaches beyond traditional blood protein biomarkers. While this study was limited to ovarian cancers of serous histological type and to those arising in BRCA1 mutation carriers specifically, we believe that the results are relevant to other hereditary serous cancers and to sporadic ovarian cancers. A similar approach could be applied to other cancers to aid in defining their early natural history and to guide rational design of an early detection strategy.
Catechol estrogens of the 1,1,2-triphenyl-1-butene type. Relationship between structure, estradiol receptor affinity, estrogenic and antiestrogenic properties, and mammary tumor inhibiting activities (1986)

1,1,2-Triphenylbut-1-enes (26-35), which are substituted with one or two 3,4-diacetoxy groups or with one 3,4-diacetoxy and one 3- or 4-acetoxy group in two aromatic rings, were synthesized. The occurring E and Z isomers were isolated, and their identity was established by 1H NMR spectroscopy. A study on structure-activity relationship was carried out with regard to estradiol receptor affinity in vitro, estrogenic and antiestrogenic properties in the immature mouse, and inhibition of the hormone-dependent MXT mammary tumor of the mouse in vivo. Among the tested compounds, most of the 1,1-disubstituted 1,1,2-triphenylbut-1-enes (29, Z-30, Z,E-31) and (E)-1-(3-acetoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-2-(3,4-diacetoxyphenyl)but- 1-ene (E-35) as well as its respective Z isomer (Z-35) exerted antiestrogenic properties. Compounds Z-30, Z,E-31, Z-35, and E-35 inhibited the growth of the hormone-dependent MXT tumor. The best antitumor effect without estrogenic side effects during therapy was shown by E-35.
Evaluation of 5-enolpyruvoylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase substrate and inhibitor binding by stopped-flow and equilibrium fluorescence measurements (1988)

The binding of substrates and the herbicide N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (glyphosate) to enolpyruvoylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase was evaluated by stopped-flow and equilibrium fluorescence measurements. Changes in protein fluorescence were observed upon the binding of EPSP and upon the formation of the enzyme-shikimate 3-phosphate-glyphosate ternary complex; no change was seen with either shikimate 3-phosphate (S3P) or glyphosate alone. By fluorescence titrations, the dissociation constants were determined for the formation of the enzyme binary complexes with S3P (Kd,S = 7 +/- 1.2 microM) and EPSP (Kd,EPSP = 1 +/- 0.01 microM). The dissociation constant for S3P was determined by competition with EPSP or by measurements in the presence of a low glyphosate concentration. At saturating concentrations of S3P, glyphosate bound to the enzyme--S3P binary complex with a dissociation constant of 0.16 +/- 0.02 microM. Glyphosate did not bind significantly to free enzyme, so the binding is ordered with S3P binding first: (formula; see text) where S refers to S3P, G refers to glyphosate, and E.S.G. represents the complex with altered fluorescence. The kinetics of binding were measured by stopped-flow fluorescence methods. The rate of glyphosate binding to the enzyme--S3P complex was k2 = (7.8 +/- 0.2) X 10(5) M-1 s-1, from which we calculated the dissociation rate k-2 = 0.12 +/- 0.02 s-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Transcutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation in the Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Its Impact on Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Parkinson Disease (2015)

These findings suggest that TTNS is effective in the treatment of LUTS in patients with PD, reducing urgency and nocturia episodes and improving urodynamic parameters as well as symptom scores measured by the OAB-V8 and health-related quality-of-life scores measured by the ICIQ-SF.
Robust vision-aided navigation using Sliding-Window Factor graphs (2013)

This paper proposes a navigation algorithm that provides a low-latency solution while estimating the full nonlinear navigation state. Our approach uses Sliding-Window Factor Graphs, which extend existing incremental smoothing methods to operate on the subset of measurements and states that exist inside a sliding time window. We split the estimation into a fast short-term smoother, a slower but fully global smoother, and a shared map of 3D landmarks. A novel three-stage visual feature model is presented that takes advantage of both smoothers to optimize the 3D landmark map, while minimizing the computation required for processing tracked features in the short-term smoother. This three-stage model is formulated based on the maturity of the estimation of the 3D location of the underlying landmark in the map. Long-range associations are used as global measurements from matured landmarks in the short-term smoother and loop closure constraints in the long-term smoother. Experimental results demonstrate our approach provides highly-accurate solutions on large-scale real data sets using multiple sensors in GPS-denied settings.
Plasma interleukin-1β, -6, -8 and tumor necrosis factor-α as highly informative markers of pelvic inflammatory disease (2008)

IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PID. These biomarkers, particularly IL-6, could be useful adjuncts for the clinical diagnosis of PID.
The Case of Oncolytic Viruses Versus the Immune System: Waiting on the Judgment of Solomon (2009)

The three-way interaction between oncolytic viruses, the tumor microenvironment, and the immune system is critical to the outcome of antitumor therapy. Classically, the immune system is thought to limit the efficacy of therapy, leading to viral clearance. However, preclinical and clinical data suggest that in some cases virotherapy may in fact act as cancer immunotherapy. In this review we discuss the ability of oncolytic viruses to alter the immunogenic milieu of the tumor microenvironment, and the role of innate and adaptive immunity in both restricting and augmenting therapy. Strategies to improve virotherapy by immunomodulation, including suppression or enhancement of the innate and adaptive responses, are discussed.
A New Fracturing Fluid for HP/HT Applications (2015)

Abstract Hydraulic fracturing is used extensively to develop oil and gas wells in both high and low-permeability formations. Biopolymer-based fluids, including guar or guar derivatives, constitute the majority of polymers in fracturing fluids. These polymers cause formation damage, which is a serious problem on production enhancement. Therefore, the search for an alternative to guar is meaningful to the oil industry. In this paper, a novel viscosifier (V1) was developed to prepare fracturing fluids. The rheological properties and proppant suspending ability of V1-based fluid have been studied with the effects of viscosifier concentration, temperature, and salts. Formation damage of the new type of hydraulic fracturing fluid in sandstone has been evaluated and compared to guar, hydroxypropyl guar (HPG), and viscoelastic surfactant (VES) fluids. The effects of temperature, viscosifier type, concentration, and formation permeability were investigated. The regained permeability of sandstone cores (expressed as a percentage of the initial permeability) was used to quantify the damage degree in coreflood tests. The viscosity measurements have shown that V1-based fluids were stable up to 350°F with a high tolerance to KCl and CaCl2. Moreover, V1-based fluids had a good proppant suspending ability at 75 and 250°F, which out-performanced guar-based fluids. Coreflood tests were run using Berea and Bandera sandstone cores. As for V1 fluids, the regained permeabilities of the cores were 88% or higher of the initial permeabilities, suggesting that V1 caused a slight damage. However, guar and HPG fluids caused much more damage than V1 fluids under same conditions. The effects of temperature, viscosifier concentration, and formation type were different for guar-based fluids from V1 fluids. The external filter cake was formed when the V1 fluid was injected; however, no external filter cake was found for guar, HPG, or VES. The filter cake could be removed by injecting 5 wt% KCl brine in the opposite direction. It was the first time to use this new cellulosic viscosifier in hydraulic fracturing fluids. The new type of fracturing fluid has better thermal stability and proppant suspending ability than guar-based fluids under the same conditions. Moreover, high regained permeability of sandstone cores can be maintained when treated by the new fracturing fluid.
The cancer epigenome—components and functional correlates (2006)

It is increasingly apparent that cancer development not only depends on genetic alterations but on an abnormal cellular memory, or epigenetic changes, which convey heritable gene expression patterns critical for neoplastic initiation and progression. These aberrant epigenetic mechanisms are manifest in both global changes in chromatin packaging and in localized gene promoter changes that influence the transcription of genes important to the cancer process. An exciting emerging theme is that an understanding of stem cell chromatin control of gene expression, including relationships between histone modifications and DNA methylation, may hold a key to understanding the origins of cancer epigenetic changes. This possibility, coupled with the reversible nature of epigenetics, has enormous significance for the prevention and control of cancer.
理性、社会与宗教：从哈贝马斯的观点反思“9·11”事件 (2005)

本文有两个主要目的:一是以现代化对宗教意识、制度的影响来定位9.11事件;二是指出伊斯兰极端主义反对西方尤其是美国,是过去200多年来中东海湾地区实行特殊现代化道路的结果.作者以哈贝马斯的社会演进论来解释这一理论,批判左翼、右翼和中间派对9.11事件相互抵触的解释,说明这一事件的宗教意义,考察宗教和现代化之间的关系,指出伊斯兰原教旨主义运动的出现是实现交往理性所必需的社会政治建构迟滞发展的结果.
Comparison of Phosphosilicate Glass Films Deposited by Three Different Chemical Vapor Deposition Methods (1986)

Properties of phosphosilicate glass (PSG) films deposited by the plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD), low‐pressure CVD, and atmospheric CVD methods are compared. Stress behavior of plasma PSG films is almost the same as that of low‐pressure PSG films. The stress values change from compressive to tensile with increasing phosphorus concentration. On the other hand, the stress of atmospheric PSG films is tensile, and decreases monotonously with increasing phosphorus concentration. One of the causes is thought to be that the densities of plasma PSG films and low‐pressure PSG films are larger than that of atmospheric PSG films. Infrared absorption (IR) at P=O bonds is greatest in the atmospheric PSG films, lower in plasma PSG films, and lowest in low‐pressure PSG films. This phenomenon is attributable to the quantity of oxygen gas present at reaction time. The surface morphologies of the plasma PSG and low‐pressure PSG after etching are rough, but the surface morphology of the atmospheric PSG is very smooth. Also, it was found that the change in infrared spectra after temperature‐humidity treatment is smallest for the atmospheric PSG films. But the crack in the atmospheric PSG films is generated more easily than for the plasma PSG films or low‐pressure PSG films.
Cloning and Sequencing of the VH and YK Genes of an Anti-CD3 Monoclonal Antibody, and Construction of a Mouse/Human Chimeric Antibody (1996)

Mouse monoclonal antibodies against CD3 on human T lymphocytes have been used for therapy in organ-transplant patients as a potent immunosuppressive agent or for treatment of cancer as a potent T cell activating agent. However, an inherent problem in their in vivo application is the human anti-mouse antibody response. In this study, we cloned and sequenced the variable region genes of the heavy and light chains (VH and V kappa) of a mouse anti-human CD3 monoclonal antibody (OKT3) using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method. Then, we constructed a mouse/human chimeric antibody, designated as Ch OKT3, by fusing the OKT3 VH and V kappa genes to the human heavy and light chain constant region genes (C gamma 1 and C kappa) derived from a human plasma cell leukemia line (ARH77), respectively. The chimeric gene constructs were sequentially co-transfected into mouse non-Ig-producing hybridoma cells (Sp2/0) by electroporation. The Ch OKT3 antibody thus prepared bound to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and competitively inhibited the binding of the parental MAb OKT3 to the blood mononuclear cells, indicating that this chimeric antibody seems to be suitable for in vivo therapeutic approaches.
Folded Monomer of HIV-1 Protease (2001)

The mature human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease rapidly folds into an enzymatically active stable dimer, exhibiting an intricate interplay between structure formation and dimerization. We now show by NMR and sedimentation equilibrium studies that a mutant protease containing the R87K substitution (PR(R87K)) within the highly conserved Gly(86)-Arg(87)-Asn(88) sequence forms a monomer with a fold similar to a single subunit of the dimer. However, binding of the inhibitor DMP323 to PR(R87K) produces a stable dimer complex. Based on the crystal structure and our NMR results, we postulate that loss of specific interactions involving the side chain of Arg(87) destabilizes PR(R87K) by perturbing the inner C-terminal beta-sheet (residues 96-99 from each monomer), a region that is sandwiched between the two beta-strands formed by the N-terminal residues (residues 1-4) in the mature protease. We systematically examined the folding, dimerization, and catalytic activities of mutant proteases comprising deletions of either one of the terminal regions (residues 1-4 or 96-99) or both. Although both N- and C-terminal beta-strands were found to contribute to dimer stability, our results indicate that the inner C-terminal strands are absolutely essential for dimer formation. Knowledge of the monomer fold and regions critical for dimerization may aid in the rational design of novel inhibitors of the protease to overcome the problem of drug resistance.