gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyl transferase in J774 macrophages enhances down-regulation of the low density lipoprotein receptor and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase and prevents low density lipoprotein-induced cholesterol accumulation. (1986)

Cholesteryl ester accumulation in arterial wall macrophages (foam cells) is a prominent feature of atherosclerotic lesions. We have previously shown that J774 macrophages accumulate large amounts of cholesteryl ester when incubated with unmodified low density lipoprotein (LDL) and that this is related to sluggish down-regulation of the J774 LDL receptor and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase. To further explore intracellular cholesterol metabolism and regulatory events in J774 macrophages, we studied the effect of inhibitors of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyl transferase (ACAT) on the cells' ability to accumulate cholesterol and to down-regulate receptor and reductase. Treatment of J774 cells with LDL in the presence of ACAT inhibitor 58-035 (Sandoz) prevented both cholesteryl ester and total cholesterol accumulation. Furthermore, 58-035 markedly enhanced down-regulation of the J774 LDL receptor and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase in the presence of LDL. In dose-response studies, down-regulation of the receptor by 58-035 paralleled its inhibition of ACAT activity. Compound 58-035 also increased the down-regulation of the J774 LDL receptor in the presence of 25-hydroxycholesterol and acetyl-LDL but not in the presence of cholesteryl hemisuccinate, which is not an ACAT substrate. The ability of 58-035 to enhance LDL receptor down-regulation was negated when cells were simultaneously incubated with recombinant high density lipoprotein3 discs, which promote cellular cholesterol efflux. In contrast to the findings with J774 macrophages, down-regulation of the human fibroblast LDL receptor was not enhanced by 58-035. These data suggest that in J774 macrophages, but not in fibroblasts, ACAT competes for a regulatory pool of intracellular cholesterol, contributing to diminished receptor and reductase down-regulation, LDL-cholesterol accumulation, and foam cell formation.
Cytokine activity in bovine mammary gland secretions during the periparturient period. (1991)

The presence of cytokine activity in periparturient bovine mammary secretions was evaluated. Mammary secretions were modified for use in biological assays for interleukin-2 (IL-2) like and antiviral activity. The level of IL-2 like activity in mammary gland secretions was lower during the last week of gestation when compared to levels detected approximately two weeks prepartum. Antiviral titers gradually increased as parturition approached. Results from Western blots indicated that the antiviral activity observed in prepartum secretions may be due to tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Interferons (IFN) were not detected in the colostrum samples.
CRAWDAD dataset mannheim/compass (v. 2006-09-13) (2006)

COMPASS is a positioning system based on 802.11 and digital compasses. We apply an two-stage fingerprinting approach: In the training phase, we sample the signal strength of neighboring access points for selected orientations at each reference point and store the data in a database. During the positioning phase, the orientation of the user is utilized to preselect a subset of the training data and based on this data compute her position.
Automatic Selection of Keyframes from Angiogram Videos (2010)

In this paper we address the problem of automatic selection of important vessel-depicting key frames within 2D angiography videos. Two different methods of frame selection are described, one based on Frangi filter, and the other based on detecting parallel curves formed from edges in angiography images. Results are shown by comparison to physician annotation of such key frames on 2D coronary angiograms.
Quantification of hepatitis B virus DNA by competitive amplification and hybridization on microplates. (1993)

Present methods for quantification of hepatitis B virus (HBV) particles from serum samples are not sensitive enough for some recent clinical applications. We describe a test that allows quantification of HBV DNA in a broad dynamic range from less than 40 to 10(6) molecules based on competitive PCR. The specimen DNA and a known amount of an internal standard (IS) are co-amplified in the same tube with the same primers, one of which is biotinylated. The two biotinylated products can be quantified by hybridization on microplates coated with streptavidin, because their internal sequences are nonhomologous. An adequate standard curve is obtained by amplifying HBV DNA from a plasmid clone together with an IS. The ratio of amplified HBV DNA to IS DNA enables quantification of the original amount of HBV without tedious titrations of each sample with competitor. The lower limit for quantitative analysis with radioactive probes was between 4 and 40 virus particles in a 10-microliters serum samples.
Insulin-activated Erk-mitogen-activated Protein Kinases Phosphorylate Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Protein-2 at Serine Residues 432 and 455 in Vivo (2004)

The transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-2 plays a pivotal role in lipid metabolism. Previously, we have shown that the mature form of SREBP-2 is a substrate of Erk-mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). The aim of the present study was to identify Erk-specific phosphorylation sites. Using a protein chemistry approach, we could identify Ser-432 and Ser-455 as major phosphorylation sites. Further characterization by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and promoter reporter gene analyses revealed that phosphorylation does not influence protein/DNA interaction, but enhances trans-activity. In intact cells, SREBP-2 is phosphorylated by insulin, which seems to be related to their bio-responses on low density lipoprotein receptor activity. These results suggest that activation of Erk-MAPK pathways by hormones such as insulin might be related to a novel regulatory principle of SREBP-2.
Stabilization of Na+,K+-ATPase Purified from Pichia pastoris Membranes by Specific Interactions with Lipids (2007)

Na+,K+-ATPase (porcine alpha1/His10*beta1 or human alpha1/porcine His10*beta1) has been expressed in Pichia pastoris and purified by Co2+-chelate affinity resin chromatography, yielding about 80% pure, functional, and stable protein in a single step. The protein was eluted in nonionic detergents together with a phosphatidylserine. Size exclusion chromatography showed that the protein eluted in n-dodecyl beta-d-maltoside is an alpha1/beta1 protomer, whereas that in octaethylene glycol dodecyl monoether contains a mixture of alpha1/beta1 protomer and higher order oligomers. The Na+,K+-ATPase activity (8-16 (mumol/min)/mg of protein) is similar in both detergents. Thus, the minimal functional unit is the alpha1/beta1 protomer, and activity is unaffected by the presence of oligomeric forms. Screening of phospholipids for stabilization of the Na+,K+-ATPase activity shows that (a) acid phospholipids are required and phosphatidylserine is somewhat better than phosphatidylinositol and (b) optimal stabilization is achieved with asymmetric phosphatidylserines having saturated (18:0 >or= 16:0) and unsaturated (18:1 > 18:2) side chains at sn-1 an sn-2 positions, respectively. In the presence of phosphatidylserine, cholesterol stabilizes the protein at 37 degrees C, but not at 0 degrees C. Cholesterol also increases the "apparent affinity" of the phosphatidylserine and stabilizes optimally in the presence of phosphatidylserines with a saturated fatty acyl chain at the sn-1 position. Ergosterol is a poor stabilizer. We propose that phosphatidylserine and cholesterol interact specifically with each other near the alpha1/beta1 subunit interface, thus stabilizing the protein. These interactions do not seem to affect Na+,K+-ATPase activity.
Nucleotide sequences from the adenovirus-2 genome. (1982)

The sequence of 15,441 nucleotides from the adenovirus-2 genome has been determined and includes the regions between coordinates 0-32% and 89-100%. These regions contain the early (E) transcription units E1A, E1B, E2B, and E4, the genes for polypeptides IVa2 and IX, the COOH terminus of fiber polypeptide, as well as the two virus-associated RNAs and the leader sequences for the major late mRNAs. Analysis of tryptic peptides from the terminal protein and its precursor (Smart, J. E., and Stillman, B. W. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 13499-13506) has allowed the gene for the precursor terminal protein to be positioned between coordinates 28.0 and 23.5 on the 1-strand. A minimum Mr = 74,500 is predicted. A second, longer open reading frame is also found on the 1-strand between coordinates 22.9 and 14.2 and predicts a polypeptide of at least Mr = 120,000. Many open reading frames longer than 10,000 exist within this sequence although less than half of them can be assigned to previously characterized polypeptides. As with other viral genomes, the available coding information is highly compressed. Intergenic distances are very short and examples are found of genes which overlap either on the same strand or the complementary strand.
A humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the β7 integrin selectively blocks intestinal homing of T lymphocytes (2011)

The results presented here suggest that rhuMAb Beta7 selectively blocks lymphocyte homing to the gastrointestinal tract without affecting lymphocyte trafficking to non-mucosal tissues. rhuMAb Beta7 provides a targeted therapeutic approach with the potential for a more attractive benefit:risk ratio than currently available inflammatory bowel disease therapies.
Markers of Glutamatergic Neurotransmission and Oxidative Stress Associated With Tardive Dyskinesia (1998)

Objective: Tardive dyskinesia is a movement disorder affecting 20%–40% of patients treated chronically with neuroleptic drugs. The dopamine supersensitivity hypothesis cannot account for the time course of tardive dyskinesia or for the persistence of tardive dyskinesia and the associated structural changes after neuroleptics are discontinued. The authors hypothesized that neuroleptics enhance striatal glutamatergic neurotransmission by blocking presynaptic dopamine receptors, which causes neuronal damage as a consequence of oxidative stress.Method: CSF was obtained from 20 patients with schizophrenia, 11 of whom had tardive dyskinesia. Markers for oxidative stress, including superoxide dismutase, lipid hydroperoxide, and protein carbonyl groups, and markers for excitatory neurotransmission, including N-acetylaspartate, N-acetylaspartylglutamate, aspartate, and glutamate, were measured in the CSF specimens. Patients were also rated for tardive dyskinesia symptoms with the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale.Results: Tardive dyskinesia patients had significantly higher concentrations of N-acetylaspartate, N-acetyl­aspartylglutamate, and aspartate in their CSF than patients without tardive dyskinesia when age and neuroleptic dose were controlled for. The significance of the higher levels of protein-oxidized products associated with tardive dyskinesia did not pass Bonferroni correction, however. Tardive dyskinesia symptoms correlated positively with markers of excitatory neurotransmission and protein carbonyl group and negatively with CSF superoxide dismutase activity.Conclusions: These findings suggest that there are elevated levels of oxidative stress and glutamatergic neurotransmission in tardive dyskinesia, both of which may be relevant to the pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia. Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155: 1207-1213
Periodontal Disease, Tooth Loss, and Incidence of Ischemic Stroke (2003)

Our results suggest that periodontal disease and fewer teeth may be associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke.
How does angioplasty work? Serial analysis of human iliac arteries using intravascular ultrasound. (1992)

In vivo analysis of iliac stenoses by intravascular ultrasound immediately before and after angioplasty demonstrates that plaque fractures and "compression" of atherosclerotic plaque are the principal factors responsible for increased luminal patency resulting from balloon angioplasty. "Stretching" of the arterial wall provides an additional, but minor, contribution.
Benzylpiperazine derivatives. V. Quantitative structure-activity relationships of 1-benzyl-4-diphenylmethylpiperazine derivatives for cerebral vasodilating activity. (1987)

The quantitative structure-activity relationships of 1-benzyl-4-diphenylmethylpiperazines for cerebral vasodilating activity and duration of action were examined. The analyses indicate that increase of the electron density on the benzylic nitrogen atom and the introduction of sterically small substituents at the para position of the diphenylmethyl moiety bring about strong interactions of the molecule with the active site and result in high potency as well as prolonged action.
The impact of prehospital administration of freeze-dried plasma on casualty outcome (2018)

Therapeutic, level IV.
Identification of IGFBP2 and IGFBP3 As Compensatory Biomarkers for CA19-9 in Early-Stage Pancreatic Cancer Using a Combination of Antibody-Based and LC-MS/MS-Based Proteomics (2016)

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal tumors, and reliable detection of early-stage pancreatic cancer and risk diseases for pancreatic cancer is essential to improve the prognosis. As 260 genes were previously reported to be upregulated in invasive ductal adenocarcinoma of pancreas (IDACP) cells, quantification of the corresponding proteins in plasma might be useful for IDACP diagnosis. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to identify plasma biomarkers for early detection of IDACP by using two proteomics strategies: antibody-based proteomics and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based proteomics. Among the 260 genes, we focused on 130 encoded proteins with known function for which antibodies were available. Twenty-three proteins showed values of the area under the curve (AUC) of more than 0.8 in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) data of IDACP patients compared with healthy controls, and these proteins were selected as biomarker candidates. We then used our high-throughput selected reaction monitoring or multiple reaction monitoring (SRM/MRM) methodology, together with an automated sample preparation system, micro LC and auto analysis system, to quantify these candidate proteins in plasma from healthy controls and IDACP patients on a large scale. The results revealed that insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP)2 and IGFBP3 have the ability to discriminate IDACP patients at an early stage from healthy controls, and IGFBP2 appeared to be increased in risk diseases of pancreatic malignancy, such as intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs). Furthermore, diagnosis of IDACP using the combination of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), IGFBP2 and IGFBP3 is significantly more effective than CA19-9 alone. This suggests that IGFBP2 and IGFBP3 may serve as compensatory biomarkers for CA19-9. Early diagnosis with this marker combination may improve the prognosis of IDACP patients.
Resultaatgerichte sturing in overheidsorganisaties (2004)

In de afgelopen decennia is steeds meer aandacht besteed aan resultaatgerichte sturing binnen overheidsorganisaties. Een ontwikkeling die moet bewerkstelligen dat niet alleen de verdeling van de middelen ter discussie komt te staan, maar ook de geleverde prestaties.
Expression of basic fibroblast growth factor and its receptor by smooth muscle cells and endothelium in injured rat arteries. An en face study. (1993)

Release of endogenous basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has been shown to initiate smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation following balloon catheter denudation in rat arteries. The mechanisms that contribute to the continued replication of the cells that subsequently form the neointima are not well understood. We have examined expression of bFGF and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR-1) in luminal SMCs as well as endothelium at various times after injury, which allowed us to study both replicating as well as quiescent cells. Using in situ hybridization on en face preparations, we were able to detect mRNA in luminal cells that was not observed by analysis of artery cross sections. We demonstrate that mRNA for bFGF was found in replicating SMCs and endothelial cells. bFGF mRNA was not detectable in either cell type at quiescence despite nuclear staining for bFGF. Expression of FGFR-1 mRNA was observed in replicating endothelial and SMCs at similar times after injury. These data provide evidence that in injured arteries the ligand/receptor system of bFGF and FGFR-1 may be involved in the continued proliferative response of SMCs leading to neointima formation. Furthermore, our results suggest a role for bFGF in reestablishing the endothelial lining in denuded vessels.
Towards a task planning for deformable object manipulation-formulation and computation of linear object deformation (2002)

A systematic approach to the static analysis of deformation of linear objects such as cords and ropes is presented. There exists many manipulative operations that deal with deformable objects in environments that robots are expected to take active parts, while rigid object manipulation has been a main interest in most of the task planning researches. Manipulative operations that deal with deformable objects is thus a challenging issue in task planning. In this article, we will present a static analysis of the deformation of linear objects. First, the process of manipulative operations are analyzed. Secondly, a generalized coordinate system appropriate to describe the linear object deformation is introduced. Internal energy of the object and geometric constraints imposed on it are then formulated. Deformation of the object is computed by use of nonlinear programming techniques. Finally, experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Specific MR imaging of human lymphocytes by monoclonal antibody‐guided dextran‐magnetite particles (1992)

Human lymphocytes were labeled with biotinylated anti-lymphocyte-directed monoclonal antibodies, to which streptavidin and subsequently biotinylated dextran-magnetite particles were coupled. This labeling resulted in a strong and selective negative contrast enhancement of lymphocyte suspensions at 2.0 T, caused predominantly by the specific increase of R2 with a small but significant specific increase of R1. The R1 was found to decrease with increasing field strength. The immunolabeling procedure described here may be used for the selective signal depletion of target cells in MR imaging.
Mapping of rod Mutants of Bacillus subtilis (1972)

Nine class A salt-dependent rod mutants were mapped on the Bacillus subtilis genome by PBS1-mediated transduction. They are distributed into two small linkage groups designated rod B and rod C; mutations in rod B are over 80% cotransducible with pheA and different mutations in rod C are 12 to 21% cotransducible with hisA. It is established that neither rod B nor rod C is linked by transformation to the other identified rod mutations present in 168-ts-200B and 8332 glu(-). It is hypothesized that salt-dependent mutations are due to enzyme alterations which are corrected by high salt concentrations.
Targeting HER2‐positive cancer cells with receptor‐redirected anthrax protective antigen (2012)

Targeted therapeutics have emerged in recent years as an attractive approach to treating various types of cancer. One approach is to modify a cytocidal protein toxin to direct its action to a specific population of cancer cells. We created a targeted toxin in which the receptor-binding and pore-forming moiety of anthrax toxin, termed Protective Antigen (PA), was modified to redirect its receptor specificity to HER2, a marker expressed at the surface of a significant fraction of breast and ovarian tumors. The resulting fusion protein (mPA-ZHER2) delivered cytocidal effectors specifically into HER2-positive tumor cells, including a trastuzumab-resistant line, causing death of the cells. No off-target killing of HER2-negative cells was observed, either with homogeneous populations or with mixtures of HER2-positive and HER2-negative cells. A mixture of mPA variants targeting different receptors mediated killing of cells bearing either receptor, without affecting cells devoid of these receptors. Anthrax toxin may serve as an effective platform for developing therapeutics to ablate cells bearing HER2 or other tumor-specific cell-surface markers.
Revising financial sector policy in transitional socialist economies : will universal banks prove viable? (1992)

Focusing on efforts under way in most transitional socialist economies, the author questions whether the banks emerging in the new policy framework will prove viable or be supervisable. He offers a model of financial sector structure designed to foster the development of a sound banking system. In describing the environment in which financial policy is being revised, the author notes that the extraordinary challenges policymakers face might influence the shape of policy. He is concerned that policies to promote a sound banking system might be overlooked or sacrificed. Fundamental policy objectives, says the author, are those important to long-term economic well-being. These include establishing and maintaining the integrity of the payments system and the safety of depositors'savings, and ensuring that money markets function. Transitional objectives, on the other hand, relate primarily to the immediate task of privatizing and restructuring enterprises. Policymakers must balance inherent conflicts between the two kinds of objectives while promoting the achievement of both. Many transitional socialist economies, he observes, adopt a policy framework that envisions universal banking. The author assesses the consequences of the immediate emergence of financial conglomerates, or universal-type banks, and questions whether - in the face of limited managerial and institutional capability, limited capability for supervising financial markets, and extraordinary financial market risks - financial conglomerates simultaneously pursuing conflicting fundamental and transitional objectives will prove viable. The author advocates delaying the emergence of financial conglomerates until skills are developed and market turmoil subsides. In the transitional period, regulatory policy would assign to banks primary responsibility for achieving fundamental objectives, and would encourage nonbank financial institutions to pursue transitional objectives. Policy should promote financial soundness in the banking system, to control the potential costs to government of achieving its fundamental objectives.
Dopamine transmission in DYT1 dystonia: A biochemical and autoradiographical study (2002)

Indices of dopamine transmission were measured in the postmortem striatum of DYT1 dystonia brains. A significant increase in the striatal 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid/dopamine ratio was found. Quantitative autoradiography revealed no differences in the density of dopamine transporter or vesicular monoamine transporter-2 binding; however, there was a trend toward a reduction in D(1) receptor and D(2) receptor binding. One brain with DYT1 parkinsonism was similarly evaluated and marked reductions in striatal dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and homovanillic acid content as well as the density of binding of all four dopaminergic ligands were measured.