gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification of a sialyltransferase from bovine colostrum by affinity chromatography on CDP-agarose. (1977)

CDP-hexanolamine agarose was used as an affinity adsorbent to purify a CMP-N-acetylneuraminate: beta-D-galactosyl-glycoprotein N-acetylneuraminyltransferase (EC 2.4.99.1) from bovine colostrum. Upon binding of the enzyme to the adsorbent, elution is achieved either nonspecifically, with 0.5 to 1.0 M sodium chloride, or specifically, with CDP. A highly purified sialyltransferase is obtained with a specific activity 440,000 times that of whole colostrum. Fractionation of the purified enzyme by gel filtration gives two species with different molecular weights but equal specific activities toward asialo-alpha1-acid glycoprotein (26.0 to 28.0 micronmol/min/mg of enzyme). The molecular weights of these two forms are about 56,000 and 43,000 as judged by sodium doedcyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis, sedimentation equilibrium, and gel filtration. The catalytic properties of both forms have been examined (Paulson, J. C., Rearick, J. I., and Hill, R. L. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 2363-2371). It is concluded that the lower molecular weight form may be a partially degraded species of the enzyme of higher molecular weight.
Meta-analysis: Natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive tests for liver disease severity (2010)

BACKGROUND. NAFLD ranges from simple steatosis (SS) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The natural history of NAFLD and the optimal strategy to identify subjects with progressive liver disease are unclear. Objectives. To assess the evidence in: (1) natural history of NAFLD; and (2) non-invasive methods to differentiate NAFLD histological subtypes. DESIGN AND SETTING. Among 4185 articles published on MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Pubmed, national and International meeting abstracts through July 2010, 40 articles assessing the natural history of NAFLD and 32 articles evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive tests against liver biopsy (LB) were included. MEASUREMENTS. Two reviewers retrieved articles and evaluated study quality by appropriate scores. Main outcomes were pooled using random- or fixed-effects models. RESULTS. NAFLD has an increased overall mortality (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.18-2.10), deriving from liver-related and cardiovascular disease, and a 2-fold risk of diabetes. Compared to SS, NASH has a higher liver-related (OR for NASH: 5.71, 2.31-14.13; OR for NASH with advanced fibrosis: 10.06, 4.35-23.25), but not cardiovascular mortality (OR: 0.91, 0.42-1.98). Three non-invasive methods received independent validation: pooled AUROC, sensitivity and specificity of cytokeratin-18 for NASH are 0.82 (0.78-0.88), 0.78 (0.64-0.92), 0.87 (0.77-0.98). For NASH with advanced fibrosis, pooled AUROC, sensitivity and specificity of NAFLD fibrosis score and Fibroscan are 0.85 (0.80-0.93), 0.90 (0.82-0.99), 0.97 (0.94-0.99) and 0.94 (0.90-0.99), 0.94 (0.88-0.99) and 0.95 (0.89-0.99). CONCLUSIONS. NAFLD warrants screening for cardio-metabolic risk and for progressive liver disease. The combination of three noninvasive tests with LB may optimally individuate patients with NASH, with or without advanced fibrosis.
The strategies of DNA immobilization and hybridization detection mechanism in the construction of electrochemical DNA sensor: A review (2017)

In recent years, electrochemical deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sensor has recently emerged as promising alternative clinical diagnostic devices especially for infectious disease by exploiting DNA recognition events and converting them into an electrochemical signal. This is because the existing DNA diagnostic method possesses certain drawbacks such as time-consuming, expensive, laborious, low selectivity and sensitivity. DNA immobilization strategies and mechanism of electrochemical detection are two the most important aspects that should be considered before developing highly selective and sensitive electrochemical DNA sensor. Here, we focus on some recent strategies for DNA probes immobilization on the surface of electrochemical transducer such as adsorption, covalent bonding and Avidin/Streptavidin-Biotin interaction on the electrode surface for specific interaction with its complementary DNA target. A numerous approach for DNA hybridization detection based electrochemical technique that frequently used including direct DNA electrochemical detection and label based electrochemical (redox-active indicator, enzyme label and nanoparticles were also discussed in aiming to provide general guide for the design of electrochemical DNA sensor. We also discussed the challenges and suggestions to improve the application of electrochemical DNA sensor at point-care setting.
Mechanisms and Rate Constants for the Quenching of Singlet Oxygen by Nickel Complexes (1990)

Abstract An iterative numerical determination of the rate constants for both quenching of, kq, and reaction with, kr, singlet oxygen by dithiolato nickel complexes is developed. This numerical method gives accurate rate constants for a small number of kinetic runs. The substituent effects of these complexes on rate constants lead us to conclude that the complexes quench singlet oxygen by an energy-transfer mechanism. This numerical method developed for solution systems was applied to the estimation of the photofading rate of a cyanine dye on an epoxy resin plate.
Deoxycelluloses and related structures (1999)

The syntheses of various deoxycelluloses and related structures (cellulosenes and anhydrocelluloses) from the mid-1920s to the present are critically reviewed. General synthetic strategies to prepare deoxycelluloses include nucleophilic displacement of good leaving groups. Distinctions are made between reaction of cellulosics under homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions. Recent advances in the preparation of halodeoxycelluloses have led to high degree of substitution fluorodeoxycelluloses and bromodeoxycelluloses. Applications for the deoxycelluloses are numerous and characterized by biological, chemical or physical end uses.
The 6-minute walk: a new measure of exercise capacity in patients with chronic heart failure. (1985)

Cycle and treadmill exercise tests are unsuitable for elderly, frail and severely limited patients with heart failure and may not reflect capacity to undertake day-to-day activities. Walking tests have proved useful as measures of outcome for patients with chronic lung disease. To investigate the potential value of the 6-minute walk as an objective measure of exercise capacity in patients with chronic heart failure, the test was administered six times over 12 weeks to 18 patients with chronic heart failure and 25 with chronic lung disease. The subjects also underwent cycle ergometer testing, and their functional status was evaluated by means of conventional measures. The walking test proved highly acceptable to the patients, and stable, reproducible results were achieved after the first two walks. The results correlated with the conventional measures of functional status and exercise capacity. The authors conclude that the 6-minute walk is a useful measure of functional exercise capacity and a suitable measure of outcome for clinical trials in patients with chronic heart failure.
Involvement of the ras genes in female genital tract cancer (Review) (2005)

Human carcinogenesis is a multistep process involving complicated genetic events in which several onco-genes and oncosuppressor genes are implicated. The role of ras oncogenes in cellular transformation and apoptosis has been extensively examined and the dual role of ras as oncogene and oncosuppressor gene has been supported. Activation of ras occurs either by genomic alterations such as point mutations or by modulation of Ras protein expression. Many molecular and immunohistochemical studies have focused on ras activation in a wide range of human tumours. In this review, we summarize available information regarding the genomic and expression alterations of ras oncogenes in cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancer. Gynecological malignancies represent some of the most well- studied types of human cancer concerning ras activation and its possible use in clinical practice.
Glycosaminoglycan-Mimetic Biomaterials. 1. Nonsulfated and Sulfated Glycopolymers by Cyanoxyl-Mediated Free-Radical Polymerization (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTGlycosaminoglycan-Mimetic Biomaterials. 1. Nonsulfated and Sulfated Glycopolymers by Cyanoxyl-Mediated Free-Radical PolymerizationD. Grande, S. Baskaran, C. Baskaran, Y. Gnanou, and E. L. ChaikofView Author Information Laboratory for Biomolecular Materials Research, Departments of Surgery and Bioengineering, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, and School of Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30320, and Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques, UMR ENSCPB-Université Bordeaux I-CNRS, Avenue Pey-Berland-BP 108, 33402 Talence Cedex, France Cite this: Macromolecules 2000, 33, 4, 1123–1125Publication Date (Web):February 3, 2000Publication History Received15 September 1999Revised29 December 1999Published online3 February 2000Published inissue 1 February 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma991579shttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma991579srapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views636Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Carbohydrates,Copolymerization,Copolymers,Monomers,Polymerization Get e-Alerts
On source coding with side information at the decoder (1975)

Let <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\{(X_k, Y_k, V_k)\}_{k=1}^{\infty}</tex> be a sequence of independent copies of the triple <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(X,Y,V)</tex> of discrete random variables. We consider the following source coding problem with a side information network. This network has three encoders numbered 0, 1, and 2, the inputs of which are the sequences <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\{ V_k\}, \{X_k\}</tex> , and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\{Y_k\}</tex> , respectively. The output of encoder i is a binary sequence of rate <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R_i, i = 0,1,2</tex> . There are two decoders, numbered 1 and 2, whose task is to deliver essentially perfect reproductions of the sequences <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\{X_k\}</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\{Y_k\}</tex> , respectively, to two distinct destinations. Decoder 1 observes the output of encoders 0 and 1, and decoder 2 observes the output of encoders 0 and 2. The sequence <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\{V_k\}</tex> and its binary encoding (by encoder 0) play the role of side information, which is available to the decoders only. We study the characterization of the family of rate triples <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(R_0,R_1,R_2)</tex> for which this system can deliver essentially perfect reproductions (in the usual Shannon sense) of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\{X_k\}</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\{Y_k\}</tex> . The principal result is a characterization of this family via an information-theoretic minimization. Two special cases are of interest. In the first, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V = (X, Y)</tex> so that the encoding of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\{V_k \}</tex> contains common information. In the second, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Y \equiv 0</tex> so that our problem becomes a generalization of the source coding problem with side information studied by Slepian and Wo1f [3].
Survival of Blood Platelets Labeled with Chromium5112 (1958)

Various criteria exist for the evaluation of the integrity, viability and physiological activity of human blood platelets. Alterations in platelet morphology, clot promoting and clot retracting activities, oxygen consumption, clinical effect on bleeding disorders, and the life span of platelets in thrombocytopenic recipients have been used as measurements of platelet function. The transfu- sion studies in thrombocytopenic recipients indi- cate that platelets have a life span of three to seven days and have been helpful in the classification of certain pathological disorders (2). These ob- servations have been dependent upon obtaining donors with high platelet counts and accepting the errors associated with platelet counting. The diffi- culty in procuring adequate donors and the de- sirability of measurements other than platelet enu- meration have initiated numerous studies of the in vivo survival of platelets labeled with radio- active isotopes.
175. Carbazoles, carbolines, and related compounds. Part II. Transformations of some quaternary salts of quindoline (1948)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Phase Balancing Using Energy Storage in Power Grids under Uncertainty (2015)

Phase balancing is essential to safe power system operation. We consider a substation connected to multiple phases, each with single-phase loads, generation, and energy storage. A representative of the substation operates the system and aims to minimize the cost of all phases and to balance loads among phases. We first consider ideal energy storage with lossless charging and discharging, and propose both centralized and distributed real-time algorithms taking into account system uncertainty. The proposed algorithm does not require any system statistics and asymptotically achieves the minimum system cost with large energy storage. We then extend the algorithm to accommodate more realistic non-ideal energy storage that has imperfect charging and discharging. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated through extensive simulation and compared with that of a benchmark greedy algorithm. Simulation shows that our algorithm leads to strong performance over a wide range of storage characteristics.
Genetic and Developmental Modulation of Cardiac Deficits in Prenatal Alcohol Exposure (2000)

Results add to the increasing evidence that genetic background strongly modulates the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure. The results also suggest that embryos have a varying capacity to repair and recover from earlier neural crest losses.
Synthesis and Activity of Biomimetic Biofilm Disruptors (2013)

Biofilms are often associated with human bacterial infections, and the natural tolerance of biofilms to antibiotics challenges treatment. Compounds with antibiofilm activity could become useful adjuncts to antibiotic therapy. We used norspermidine, a natural trigger for biofilm disassembly in the developmental cycle of Bacillus subtilis , to develop guanidine and biguanide compounds with up to 20-fold increased potency in preventing biofilm formation and breaking down existing biofilms. These compounds also were active against pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus . An integrated approach involving structure-activity relationships, protonation constants, and crystal structure data on a focused synthetic library revealed that precise spacing of positively charged groups and the total charge at physiological pH distinguish potent biofilm inhibitors.
Isolierung und Struktur der vier Hauptsaponine aus Solidago gigantea var. serotina (1990)

Isolation and Structure of the Four Main Saponins from Solidago gigantea var. serotina The four main saponins from Solidago gigantea Ait. var. serotina (O. Kuntze) Cronq. were isolated. The giganteasaponins 1 — 4 are new bis‐desmosidic triterpensaponins containing 9 or 10 sugar units with bayogenin as aglycone. Their structures were determined by modern NMR techniques and GC/MS without extensive degradation studies.
A Randomized, Open-Label, Multicenter, 4-Week Study to Evaluate the Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of ITCA 650 in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes☆☆This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works License, which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. (2013)

ITCA 650 provided continuous and controlled subcutaneous delivery of exenatide for 28 days that was generally well tolerated and produced significant reductions in plasma glucose, HbA1c, and weight. Further studies are warranted to characterize the long-term tolerability and efficacy of ITCA 650 for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01798264.
Suburban crisis? Demand for single family homes in the face of demographic change (2010)

In the former Western German states, a third of the single- or two-family houses – 22 percent of all dwellings – was built in the years from&#13;\n1949 to 1978. Considering the lifecycle of this housing stock and current socio-demographic trends, the viability of affected neighbourhoods&#13;\nlooks uncertain. Demographic processes like aging and population decline are well underway, albeit with some spatial variance. On top of&#13;\nthe reduced demand for single homes caused by these processes, societal changes are also leading to new lifestyles that affect housing choice.&#13;\nHousehold structures are adapting to more diverse ways of living in today’s society. The corresponding housing preferences have triggered an&#13;\nincreased demand for urban living space, with a tendency towards concentrations around Germany’s economic hotspots.&#13;\nNeighbourhoods in regions of unfavourable demographic and economic conditions are facing these risks with particular signifi cance. At the&#13;\nsame time, problematic stocks area also present in certain sub-areas or municipalities of generally successful regions. On a local scale, there&#13;\nwill be communities that benefi t from these developments and others that will be negatively affected. On the regional and national scale, we&#13;\nexpect islands of growth within shrinking regions, and vice versa. It is foreseeable that not only economically disadvantaged, but also above&#13;\naverage performers will have to deal with diffi cult market conditions for an ever increasing vacant housing stock. Adverse settings like unsuitable&#13;\nlocations, defi ciencies in the structure, or excessive energy consumption of buildings, as well as the negative perception of a neighbourhood&#13;\ncan add up to a compound of problems for an area. The worst case scenario would be a downward spiral of vacancies and abandonment,&#13;\ndevaluation, deterioration and decline of an area – development paths that have so far been unheard of in the context of the single family home&#13;\nsector in Germany.&#13;\nOur contribution starts off by conceptualizing the research matter: the social, demographic and economic root causes of the developments&#13;\ndescribed above and the foreseeable consequences. For this purpose, we analyze the building and dwellings databases of the Federal Statistics&#13;\nOffi ces, and provide an overview over the magnitude and geographical extent of potentially affected housing stocks. An analysis of the present&#13;\nnational housing stock provides the starting point for indicator-based modeling of risk areas on the municipal level in selected states. Finally,&#13;\nwe raise the question on how to address these issues and conclude with some deliberations about possible strategies for urban renewal in peripheral&#13;\nsingle family home areas.
Inhibition of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza virus propagation by RNA oligonucleotides targeting the PB2 gene in combination with celecoxib (2011)

The results obtained in the present study suggest the potential use of PB2-targeted oligonucleotides in conjunction with immunomodulators for the control of H5N1 influenza infection.
Two genes in the rat homologous to human NKG2 (1998)

Two different lectin-like receptors for MHC class I molecules have so far been identified on natural killer (NK) cells, the Ly-49 homodimeric receptors in mice and the NKG2/CD94 heterodimeric receptors in humans. The recent identification of a rat CD94 orthologue implied that NK cell receptors equivalent to NKG2/CD94 also exist in rodents. Here we describe the cDNA cloning of two rat genes homologous to members of the human NKG2 multigene family. The deduced rat NKG2A protein contains a cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM), whereas the cytoplasmic tail of rat NKG2C lacks ITIM. The genes map to the rat NK gene complex and are selectively expressed by NK cells. The expression is strain dependent, with high expression in DA and low in PVG NK cells, correlating with the expression of rat CD94. Ly-49 genes have previously been identified in the rat, and the existence of rat NKG2 genes in addition to a CD94 orthologue suggests that NK cell populations utilize different C-type lectin receptors for MHC class I molecules in parallel.
A new family of integral membrane proteins involved in transport of aromatic amino acids in Escherichia coli (1991)

The nucleotide sequence of tnaB of the tryptophanase operon of Escherichia coli is presented. TnaB is a tryptophan-specific permease that is homologous to Mtr, a second tryptophan-specific permease, and to TyrP, a tyrosine-specific permease. Each member of this family appears to contain 11 membrane-spanning domains.
Amelioration of Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury With a Novel Protective Cocktail (2011)

According to histopathological and several molecular measures our unique renoprotective cocktail mitigated ischemia-reperfusion injury.