gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Rho-Associated Kinase Results in Suppression of Neointimal Formation of Balloon-Injured Arteries (2000)

We conclude that ROCK plays a key role in the process of neointimal formation after balloon injury. Thus, the inhibition of ROCK may be a potential therapeutic strategy for treating vascular proliferative disorders and hypertension.
Polarization insensitive waveguide grating routers in InP (1998)

We demonstrate a 16-channel waveguide grating router (WGR) in the InP-based material system. The channel spacing of the WGRs is 100 GHz and the maximum interchannel crosstalk is -28 dB. The polarization related (TE-TM modal) wavelength shift is approximately 0.08 nm and the polarization dependent variation in peak signal is less than 0.2 dB. 2.60-μm-wide ×1.90-μm-thick raised-stripe InGaAsP Quaternary (/spl lambda//sub g/=1.17 μm) waveguides on an n-type InP substrate make up the basis paths of the WGR. We describe the design, fabrication and the results of measurement of the 16-channel polarization-insensitive WGR.
Phase Variable Expression of Capsular Polysaccharide Modifications Allows Campylobacter jejuni to Avoid Bacteriophage Infection in Chickens (2012)

Bacteriophages are estimated to be the most abundant entities on earth and can be found in every niche where their bacterial hosts reside. The initial interaction between phages and Campylobacter jejuni, a common colonizer of poultry intestines and a major source of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis in humans, is not well understood. Recently, we isolated and characterized a phage F336 resistant variant of C. jejuni NCTC11168 called 11168R. Comparisons of 11168R with the wildtype lead to the identification of a novel phage receptor, the phase variable O-methyl phosphoramidate (MeOPN) moiety of the C. jejuni capsular polysaccharide (CPS). In this study we demonstrate that the 11168R strain has gained cross-resistance to four other phages in our collection (F198, F287, F303, and F326). The reduced plaquing efficiencies suggested that MeOPN is recognized as a receptor by several phages infecting C. jejuni. To further explore the role of CPS modifications in C. jejuni phage recognition and infectivity, we tested the ability of F198, F287, F303, F326, and F336 to infect different CPS variants of NCTC11168, including defined CPS mutants. These strains were characterized by high-resolution magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy. We found that in addition to MeOPN, the phase variable 3-O-Me and 6-O-Me groups of the NCTC11168 CPS structure may influence the plaquing efficiencies of the phages. Furthermore, co-infection of chickens with both C. jejuni NCTC11168 and phage F336 resulted in selection of resistant C. jejuni bacteria, which either lack MeOPN or gain 6-O-Me groups on their surface, demonstrating that resistance can be acquired in vivo. In summary, we have shown that phase variable CPS structures modulate phage infectivity in C. jejuni and suggest that the constant phage predation in the avian gut selects for changes in these structures leading to a continuing phage-host co-evolution.
Threshold voltage mismatch and intra-die leakage current in digital CMOS circuits (2004)

Due to device and voltage scaling scenarios for present and future deep-submicron CMOS technologies, it is inevitable that the off-state current (I/sub off/) of MOSFET transistors increases as the technology minimum dimensions scale down. Experimental evidence shows that the leakage current distribution of modern deep-submicron designs not only has a higher mean value but it also presents a larger variability as well. In this paper, we investigate the impact of threshold voltage mismatch as one plausible source for this increased variability. In digital circuit design, it is commonly assumed that the threshold voltage difference (mismatch) of static CMOS cells is negligible. However, threshold voltage mismatch (/spl Delta/V/sub to/) has a two-sided effect on the off-state current. Namely, the total cell's current can increase or decrease depending upon the direction of the V/sub t/ mismatch shift. This effect can be so severe that I/sub off/ can increase by more than one order of magnitude with respect to its nominal value due only to V/sub to/ mismatch. We further show through experimental results that the V/sub to/ mismatch of paired transistors working in the subthreshold regime can be worse by a factor of two as compared to transistors working in the saturation or linear regions. A factor of two larger spread is obviously quite devastating in terms of area, speed, and power consumption, should it be desired to attain the same I/sub off/ level as for a V/sub to/ mismatch characterized out of the subthreshold regime.
32.2: A Real‐Time 2‐D to 3‐D Image Conversion Technique Using Computed Image Depth (1998)

Abstract The “Computed Image Depth method” (CID) is proposed for converting from all kinds of two‐dimensional (2D) images into three dimensional (3D) images. The 3D images are generated by computing the depth of each separated area of the 2D images with their contrast, sharpness and chrominance. The CID is implemented into a single‐chip LSI with the “Modified Time Difference method”. In this implementation, both methods are used adaptively according to the object's motions in the images. The 2D‐to‐3D image conversion system with this newly developed LSI realizes to generate 3D images automatically in real‐time.
Initiation of Sendai virus multiplication from transfected cDNA or RNA with negative or positive sense (1996)

We have established methods which greatly improve the recovery of Sendai virus from cDNA. There is essentially no absolute obstacle to recovery of the virus from the (-)RNA template. Even the complete full length RNA chain in the naked form appears to be properly encapsidated to become a functional template.
Presence of Intraplaque Hemorrhage Stimulates Progression of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques (2005)

Hemorrhage into the carotid atherosclerotic plaque accelerated plaque progression in an 18-month period. Repeated bleeding into the plaque may produce a stimulus for the progression of atherosclerosis by increasing lipid core and plaque volume and creating new destabilizing factors.
Comparison of phase‐constrained parallel MRI approaches: Analogies and differences (2015)

Although both phase-constrained parallel MRI formulations are very similar conceptually, there exist important differences between image-domain and k-space domain reconstructions regarding the calibration robustness and the availability of high-resolution phase information.
Dexmedetomidine in the Treatment of Withdrawal Syndromes in Cardiothoracic Surgery Patients (2005)

Dexmedetomidine (Precedex, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL) is an alpha 2 adrenergic agonist that possesses a high ratio of specificity for the alpha 2 versus the alpha 1 receptor. It is currently approved for the provision of sedation during mechanical ventilation in adults. Given previous experience with clonidine for the treatment of substance withdrawal and the preliminary anecdotal experience with dexmedetomidine, it appears that dexmedetomidine may be a useful agent for treatment of substance withdrawal in the intensive care setting. The authors present their experience with the use of dexmedetomidine to control withdrawal behavior in 3 patients following cardiothoracic surgery. Previous reports regarding the use of dexmedetomidine to treat withdrawal and its potential application in this clinical arena are reviewed.
β-Thalassemia: the Lebanese experience (2006)

Beta-thalassemia is a hereditary anemia that is quite prevalent in Lebanon. Most patients with beta-Thalassemia are treated and followed up mostly at a multidisciplinary center, located in the suburban area of Beirut: the Chronic Care Center (CCC), operational since 1994. We will review the experience with beta-Thalassemia accumulated through this institution. Four hundred and twenty five patients, aged 2 to 68 years are followed up at the CCC. Sixty four percent have thalassemia major (TM) while 36% have thalassemia intermedia (TI). Lebanese patients with TM receive periodic packed red cell transfusions to maintain a pre-transfusional hemoglobin level of 10 gm/dl at all times and desferrioxamine is the standard iron chelator in use. Since 1994, 12 patients with TM have died from complications of their disease, with heart failure being responsible for the majority of deaths. The incidence of cardiac, endocrinologic, and infectious complications will be reviewed. Finally, both current and prospective preventive measures will be discussed, specifically educational campaigns and premarital screening. The effects of prevention are starting to show as the number of newly diagnosed disease is diminishing.
Nephrotoxicity Associated With Concomitant ACE Inhibitor and NSAID Therapy (1990)

Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can be nephrotoxic and may synergistically compromise renal function. A computer-assisted study was done to asses the prevalence of compromised renal function and the clinical importance of this drug interaction. A search of the records of all patients seen in the University of Nebraska Medical Center Internal Medicine Clinic was conducted to identify cases involving renal insufficiency, therapy with ACE inhibitors, or therapy with NSAIDs. Records of cases meeting these criteria were reviewed for clinical correlation and revealed 2278 patients treated with NSAIDs, 328 with ACE inhibitors, and 162 with both. No nephrotoxicity was found in conjunction with monotherapy, but three cases of reversible renal failure were found in conjunction with combination therapy. Significant nephrotoxicity during the concomitant use of ACE inhibitors and NSAIDs is not uncommon, and attention should be drawn to this potentially important interaction.
Integrating high‐throughput screening and sequencing for monoclonal antibody discovery and engineering (2017)

Monoclonal antibody discovery and engineering is a field that has traditionally been dominated by high-throughput screening platforms (e.g. hybridomas and surface display). In recent years the emergence of high-throughput sequencing has made it possible to obtain large-scale information on antibody repertoire diversity. Additionally, it has now become more routine to perform high-throughput sequencing on antibody repertoires to also directly discover antibodies. In this review, we provide an overview of the progress in this field to date and show how high-throughput screening and sequencing are converging to deliver powerful new workflows for monoclonal antibody discovery and engineering.
Advances of the counterflow pipeline microarchitecture (2002)

The counterflow pipeline concept was originated by R.F. Sproull et al. (1994) to demonstrate the concept of asynchronous circuits. This architecture provides better throughput via clocking and data locality within the pipeline. We have taken these ideas and reformulated them into a scalable architecture that has the same locality for clocking and data, but adds aggressive speculation, fewer pipeline stalls, and a much faster startup. A high level C++ simulator has been built to explain the design tradeoffs. A VHDL model of an implementation of CFPP has been designed to validate the concept.
Research and development in drug innovation: reflections from the 2013 bioeconomy conference in China, lessons learned and future perspectives (2014)

The enormous progress biotechnology, bioinformatics and nanotechnology made in recent years provides opportunities and scientific framework for development of biomedicine and constitutes a paradigm shift in pharmaceutical R&D and drug innovation. By analyzing the data and related information at R&D level over the past decades, developmental tendency and R&D patterns were summarized. We found that a growing number of biologics in the pipeline of pharma companies with successful products already in the market though, small molecular entities have primarily dominated drug innovation. Additionally, small/medium size companies will continue to play a key role in the development of small molecule drugs and biologics in a multi-channel integrated process. More importantly, modern and effective R&D strategies in biomedicine development to predict and evaluate efficacy and/or safety of 21st century therapeutics are urgently needed. To face new challenges, developmental strategies were proposed, in terms of molecular targeted medicine, generic drugs, new drug delivery system and protein-based drugs. Under the current circumstances, interdisciplinary cooperation mode and policy related to drug innovation in China were deeply discussed as well.
Carbamoyl-phosphate Synthetase (2002)

Carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase catalyzes the production of carbamoyl phosphate through a reaction mechanism requiring one molecule of bicarbonate, two molecules of MgATP, and one molecule of glutamine. The enzyme from Escherichia coli is composed of two polypeptide chains. The smaller of these belongs to the Class I amidotransferase superfamily and contains all of the necessary amino acid side chains required for the hydrolysis of glutamine to glutamate and ammonia. Two homologous domains from the larger subunit adopt conformations that are characteristic for members of the ATP-grasp superfamily. Each of these ATP-grasp domains contains an active site responsible for binding one molecule of MgATP. High resolution x-ray crystallographic analyses have shown that, remarkably, the three active sites in the E. coli enzyme are connected by a molecular tunnel of approximately 100 A in total length. Here we describe the high resolution x-ray crystallographic structure of the G359F (small subunit) mutant protein of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase. This residue was initially targeted for study because it resides within the interior wall of the molecular tunnel leading from the active site of the small subunit to the first active site of the large subunit. It was anticipated that a mutation to the larger residue would "clog" the ammonia tunnel and impede the delivery of ammonia from its site of production to the site of utilization. In fact, the G359F substitution resulted in a complete change in the conformation of the loop delineated by Glu-355 to Ala-364, thereby providing an "escape" route for the ammonia intermediate directly to the bulk solvent. The substitution also effected the disposition of several key catalytic amino acid side chains in the small subunit active site.
Plasminogen-Activator Inhibitor Type 1 and Coronary Artery Disease (2000)

The development of coronary artery disease, and specifically myocardial infarction, involves hyperplasia of arterial smooth muscle, the development of fatty streaks, atheroma formation, plaque rupture, and ultimately thrombus formation and vessel occlusion.1 These changes are in part genetically determined, as demonstrated by the fact that the risk of myocardial infarction in persons who have a first-degree relative with myocardial infarction is seven times the risk in persons who do not.2,3 This finding is often used to argue that coronary artery disease has a genetic basis, but the extent to which a shared environment contributes to the risk must also . . .
Ultrabroadband Photonic Structures To Achieve High-Performance Daytime Radiative Cooling (2013)

If properly designed, terrestrial structures can passively cool themselves through radiative emission of heat to outer space. For the first time, we present a metal-dielectric photonic structure capable of radiative cooling in daytime outdoor conditions. The structure behaves as a broadband mirror for solar light, while simultaneously emitting strongly in the mid-IR within the atmospheric transparency window, achieving a net cooling power in excess of 100 W/m(2) at ambient temperature. This cooling persists in the presence of significant convective/conductive heat exchange and nonideal atmospheric conditions.
Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement in B cell deficient mice generated by targeted deletion of the JH locus (1993)

B lymphocyte differentiation is characterized by an ordered series of Ig gene assembly and expression events. In the majority of normal B cells, assembly and expression of Ig heavy (H) chain genes precedes that of light (L) chain genes. To determine the role of the Ig heavy chain protein in B cell development and L chain gene rearrangement, we have generated mice that cannot assemble Ig H chain genes as a result of targeted deletion of the JH gene segments in embryonic stem cells. Mice homozygous for this deletion are devoid of slg+ B cells in the bone marrow and periphery. B cell differentiation in these mice is blocked at the large, CD43+ precursor stage. However, these precursor B cells do assemble kappa L chain genes at a low level in the absence of mu H chain proteins. These data demonstrate that rearrangement and expression of the mu H chain gene is not absolutely required for kappa L chain gene rearrangement in vivo. Expression of mu chains may facilitate either efficient L chain gene rearrangement or the survival of cells that have rearranged light chain genes by promoting the differentiation of large, CD43+ to small, CD43- pre-B cells.
Effectiveness of Repellents Applied to Clothing for Protection Against Salt-Marsh Mosquitoes1 (1949)

Journal Article Effectiveness of Repellents Applied to Clothing for Protection Against Salt-Marsh Mosquitoes Get access Carroll N. Smith, Carroll N. Smith U.S.D.A., Agr. Res. Adm., Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Douglass Burnett, Jr. Douglass Burnett, Jr. 2 U.S.D.A., Agr. Res. Adm., Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine 2The authors with to acknowledge the assistance of W. V. King, in charge of the Orlando, Fla., laboratory of this Bureau, and of B. V. Travis, in planning the tests; of Nelson Smith, Paul Schacht, and Lyda Roberson in executing the work; and of members of the Chemistry Section for preparing the repellents for testing. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 42, Issue 3, 1 June 1949, Pages 439–444, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/42.3.439 Published: 01 June 1949
RENAL FUNCTION AS AFFECTED BY EXPERIMENTAL UNILATERAL KIDNEY LESIONS (1938)

1. A method is described for the production of a nephrosis in one kidney of an experimental animal. The normal kidney in the same animal is available for a control. 2. The nephrosis produced by the injection of 7.5 per cent sodium tartrate is limited to the proximal convoluted tubule. There is no histological evidence of glomerular damage. 3. This damage results in a disturbance of water and chloride excretion as well as a decrease in the clearances of urea, xylose, inulin, creatinine and phenol red, and is observed under conditions of no diuresis, sugar diuresis and salt diuresis. 4. Excreted ferrocyanide is found in the cells of the proximal tubule of the damaged kidney. It is not present in these cells in the normal kidney. This is taken to be evidence of back diffusion of ferrocyanide through the damaged cells. 5. The decrease in clearance of creatinine and inulin, which in the dog represent glomerular filtrate, may therefore be explained by back diffusion and is not necessarily due to glomerular change. 6. The phenol red clearance from the damaged kidney is diminished in relation to inulin. This is further evidence of depressed tubular activity.
A comparative analysis of the intestinal metagenomes present in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) and humans (Homo sapiens) (2012)

The results lay the foundation for future gastrointestinal research applying guinea pigs as models for humans.
Proteomic analysis of acute myeloid leukemia: Identification of potential early biomarkers and therapeutic targets (2006)

The main goal of this study was to analyze, using proteomic techniques, changes in protein expression of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells that could give insights into a better early prognosis for tumor pathophysiology. Proteomic analysis of different subtypes of AML cells was carried out using 2-DE and MALDI-TOF PMF analysis. Proteins identified as more significantly altered between the different AMLs belonged to the group of suppressor genes, metabolic enzymes, antioxidants, structural proteins and signal transduction mediators. Among them, seven identified proteins were found significantly altered in almost all the AML blast cells analyzed in relation to normal mononuclear blood cells: alpha-enolase, RhoGDI2, annexin A10, catalase, peroxiredoxin 2, tromomyosin 3, and lipocortin 1 (annexin 1). These differentially expressed proteins are known to play important roles in cellular functions such as glycolysis, tumor suppression, apoptosis, angiogenesis and metastasis, and they might contribute to the adverse evolution of the disease. Proteomic analysis has identified for the first time novel proteins that may either help to form a differential prognosis or be used as markers for disease outcome, thus providing potential new targets for rational pathogenesis-based therapies of AML.
Cytochrome P450 expression is a common molecular event in soft tissue sarcomas (1993)

Two major xenobiotic metabolizing sub-families of cytochrome P450 (cytochrome P450 1A and cytochrome P450 3A) have been identified in soft tissue sarcomas. Cytochrome P450 1A was present in 70 per cent and cytochrome P450 3A was present in 78 per cent of tumours, respectively. A high proportion (86 per cent) of those tumours which contained cytochrome P450 1A or cytochrome P450 3A demonstrated co-expression of both sub-families. In each tumour, cytochrome P450 immunoreactivity was identified in all tumour cells and there was no intra-tumour heterogeneity. These results indicate that expression of cytochrome P450 is a common molecular event in soft tissue sarcomas and that the presence of different sub-families of cytochrome P450 has implications both for the pathogenesis and for the treatment of these tumours. Cytochrome P450 expression may influence the intrinsic drug resistance of these tumours and also provide a molecular target for anti-cancer drugs which can be activated by cytochrome P450.
Hispanic Individuals in Their Communities: An Untapped Resource for Increasing the Bilingual Teacher Population (2004)

The shortage of teachers in pre-K-12 schools includes a serious shortage of bilingual teachers. Based on the findings of several research studies, the authors suggest that Hispanic bilingual adults in communities with populations of pre-K-12 students who are English-language learners are an untapped resource. The authors offer suggestions for designing programs that recruit and retain Hispanic individuals from their communities to become fully credentialed bilingual teachers.
[Analysis of the structure of Bacillus brevis neutral proteinase and its biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis cells]. (1991)

Amino acid sequence of neutral metalloprotease from Bac. brevis has been compared with that of Bac. amyloloquefaciens, Bac. cereus, Bac. subtilis, Bac. stearothermophilis, Bac. thermoproteolyticus (thermolysine). A sequence region from N-40 to N-1 with a significant degree of homology allowed to predict the processing site of the propart of Bac. brevis enzyme. The sequence comparison allows to put Bac. brevis enzyme within the evolutionary branch of enzymes, which includes thermolysin and proteases of Bac. cereus and Bac. stearothermophilus. Using automated Edman degradation the N-terminal sequence of Bac. brevis protease has been determined. It does not differ from the sequence predicted from the nucleotide sequence of the gene. It was shown that, when Bac. brevis gene coding for thermostable protease is expressed on a plasmid vector in Bac. subtilis cells at 37 degrees C, enzyme forms possessing low activity are secreted. The enzyme may be significantly activated without an additional cleavage or processing and the activation includes numerous conformation transition states of the protein molecule.