gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of Single C Motif-1/Lymphotactin Receptor XCR1 (1998)

Single C motif-1 (SCM-1)/lymphotactin is a member of the chemokine superfamily, but retains only the 2nd and 4th of the four cysteine residues conserved in other chemokines. In humans, there are two highly homologous SCM-1 genes encoding SCM-1alpha and SCM-1beta with two amino acid substitutions. To identify a specific receptor for SCM-1 proteins, we produced recombinant SCM-1alpha and SCM-1beta by the baculovirus expression system and tested them on murine L1.2 cells stably expressing eight known chemokine receptors and three orphan receptors. Both proteins specifically induced migration in cells expressing an orphan receptor, GPR5. The migration was chemotactic and suppressed by pertussis toxin, indicating coupling to a Galpha type of G protein. Both proteins also induced intracellular calcium mobilization in GPR5-expressing L1.2 cells with efficient mutual cross desensitization. SCM-1alpha bound specifically to GPR5-expressing L1.2 cells with a Kd of 10 nM. By Northern blot analysis, GPR5 mRNA of about 5 kilobases was detected strongly in placenta and weakly in spleen and thymus among various human tissues. Identification of a specific receptor for SCM-1 would facilitate our investigation on its biological function. Following the set rule for the chemokine receptor nomenclature, we propose to designate GPR5 as XCR1 from XC chemokine receptor-1.
E-Selectin S128R Polymorphism is Associated with Cancer Risk: a Meta-analysis (2014)

Our meta-analysis revealed that there was association between the E-selectin S128R polymorphism and the risk of cancer. Further large and well-designed studies are needed to confirm this association.
Plasma Exosome Profiling of Cancer Patients by a Next Generation Systems Biology Approach (2017)

Technologies capable of characterizing the full breadth of cellular systems need to be able to measure millions of proteins, isoforms, and complexes simultaneously. We describe an approach that fulfils this criterion: Adaptive Dynamic Artificial Poly-ligand Targeting (ADAPT). ADAPT employs an enriched library of single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ssODNs) to profile complex biological samples, thus achieving an unprecedented coverage of system-wide, native biomolecules. We used ADAPT as a highly specific profiling tool that distinguishes women with or without breast cancer based on circulating exosomes in their blood. To develop ADAPT, we enriched a library of ~10<sup>11</sup> ssODNs for those associating with exosomes from breast cancer patients or controls. The resulting 10<sup>6</sup> enriched ssODNs were then profiled against plasma from independent groups of healthy and breast cancer-positive women. ssODN-mediated affinity purification and mass spectrometry identified low-abundance exosome-associated proteins and protein complexes, some with known significance in both normal homeostasis and disease. Sequencing of the recovered ssODNs provided quantitative measures that were used to build highly accurate multi-analyte signatures for patient classification. Probing plasma from 500 subjects with a smaller subset of 2000 resynthesized ssODNs stratified healthy, breast biopsy-negative, and -positive women. An AUC of 0.73 was obtained when comparing healthy donors with biopsy-positive patients.
Cardiovascular Effects of Serotonin Agonists and Antagonists (1990)

Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology™ is a peer reviewed, multidisciplinary journal that publishes original articles and pertinent review articles on basic and clinical aspects of cardiovascular pharmacology. Appropriate subjects include new drug development and evaluation, physiological and pharmacological bases of drug action, metabolism, drug interactions and side effects, clinical results with new and established agents and novel methods. The focus is on pharmacology in its broadest applications, incorporating not only traditional approaches, but new approaches to the development of pharmacological agents and the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Adaptive recovery for mobile environments (1997)

access and exchange information while they travel, roam in their home environments, or work at clients' sites. Currently, mobile computing can only be used in restricted contexts; however, the growing investment by industry, researchers, and users indicates that the capabilities and applications of mobile computing will significantly increase
Conduction band caused by oxygen vacancies in aluminum oxide for resistance random access memory (2012)

As a next-generation memory, we have developed a rare-metal-free memory using Al oxide with a high-density of oxygen vacancies (Vos). The electronic structure has been simulated using first-principles calculations. In this paper, we report the electronic structure of the band gap, analyzed using thermally stimulated current measurements, to evaluate the simulated results. We observed electronic states corresponding to resistance changes for the first time. These results show that Vo+2 (electron empty Vo) changes to Vo+1 by electron injection; the overlapped Vo+1 electron changes into a “Vo conduction band” (VoCB), and the changed structure is stabilized by structural relaxation of Al ions around Vo. VoCB is considered as a kind of mid-gap impurity band. The origin of the on/off switching is considered to be generation/degeneration of the VoCB caused by increasing/decreasing numbers of Vo electrons. Based on knowledge of the electronic mechanism, we have changed metal/insulator/metal structure to a metal/insulator/semiconductor structure and decreased the reset-current to 7 μA. The Vos of Al oxide are considered to be useful for electronic memory storage.
Organically Modified Silica Nanoparticles Co-encapsulating Photosensitizing Drug and Aggregation-Enhanced Two-Photon Absorbing Fluorescent Dye Aggregates for Two-Photon Photodynamic Therapy (2007)

We report energy-transferring organically modified silica nanoparticles for two-photon photodynamic therapy. These nanoparticles co-encapsulate two-photon fluorescent dye nanoaggregates as an energy up-converting donor and a photosensitizing PDT drug as an acceptor. They combine two features: (i) aggregation-enhanced two-photon absorption and emission properties of a novel two-photon dye and (ii) nanoscopic fluorescence resonance energy transfer between this nanoaggregate and a photosensitizer, 2-devinyl-2-(1-hexyloxyethyl)pyropheophorbide. Stable aqueous dispersions of the co-encapsulating nanoparticles (diameter < or = 30 nm) have been prepared in the nonpolar interior of micelles by coprecipitating an organically modified silica sol with the photosensitizer and an excess amount of the two-photon dye which forms fluorescent aggregates by phase separation from the particle matrix. Using a multidisciplinary nanophotonic approach, we show: (i) indirect excitation of the photosensitizer through efficient two-photon excited intraparticle energy transfer from the dye aggregates in the intracellular environment of tumor cells and (ii) generation of singlet oxygen and in vitro cytotoxic effect in tumor cells by photosensitization under two-photon irradiation.
Complete amino acid sequence of the alpha 2 heavy chain of a human IgA2 immunoglobulin of the A2m (2) allotype. (1978)

The complete amino acid sequence of the alpha 2 heavy chain of a human IgA2 immunoglobulin of the A2m(2) allotype has been determined and is compared to the sequence of the alpha 1 chain of the human IgA1 subclass. The characteristic differences between the alpha 1 and alpha 2 chains are greatest in the hinge region and in the location and number of the oligosaccharides. Apart from the duplication in the hinge region of alpha 1 and the deletion in alpha 2, there are 23 amino acid exchanges in the constant (C) regions of the two chains. Accepted mutations are related to the surface accessibility of the residues and the proximity of carbohydrate. The results indicate that human IgA and IgG subclasses arose late in evolution and reflect similar mutationa pressures.
Recent developments in laser-driven and hollow-core fiber optic gyroscopes (2016)

Although the fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) continues to be a commercial success, current research efforts are endeavoring to improve its precision and broaden its applicability to other markets, in particular the inertial navigation of aircraft. Significant steps in this direction are expected from the use of (1) laser light to interrogate the FOG instead of broadband light, and (2) a hollow-core fiber (HCF) in the sensing coil instead of a conventional solid-core fiber. The use of a laser greatly improves the FOG’s scale-factor stability and eliminates the source excess noise, while an HCF virtually eliminates the Kerr-induced drift and significantly reduces the thermal and Faraday-induced drifts. In this paper we present theoretical evidence that in a FOG with a 1085-m coil interrogated with a laser, the two main sources of noise and drift resulting from the use of coherent light can be reduced below the aircraft-navigation requirement by using a laser with a very broad linewidth, in excess of 40 GHz. We validate this concept with a laser broadened with an external phase modulator driven with a pseudo-random bit sequence at 2.8 GHz. This FOG has a measured noise of 0.00073 deg/&radic;h, which is 30% below the aircraft-navigation requirement. Its measured drift is 0.03 deg/h, the lowest reported for a laser-driven FOG and only a factor of 3 larger than the navigation-grade specification. To illustrate the potential benefits of a hollow-core fiber in the FOG, this review also summarizes the previously reported performance of an experimental FOG utilizing 235 m of HCF and interrogated with broadband light.
Bifurcations of the respiratory pattern produced with phasic vagal stimulation in the rat (1993)

Geometric methods from nonlinear dynamics are employed to evaluate dynamic processing of vagal afferent information by the respiratory central pattern generator (RCPG). While measuring airflow and diaphragm EMG, we applied brief electrical stimuli (40- to 130-ms duration) to one afferent vagus of bilaterally vagotomized urethan-anesthetized rats during every breath at various phases of the respiratory cycle. Stimuli applied during early or late inspiration of every breath evoke highly predictable one-dimensional responses: reversible (graded inhibition) or irreversible (off-switching) inhibition of inspiratory activity, respectively. Stimulation during midinspiration produces higher-dimensional oscillations that wander unpredictably over a continuum of graded inhibition and off-switching; "spiral" attractors and "horseshoe" return maps at this phase are characteristic of Silnikov's bifurcation. Stimuli applied during early expiration always prolonged expiratory duration, but those delivered during midexpiration evoked unpredictable wandering between prolongations and shortening of expiratory duration. A narrow time window surrounds the expiratory-inspiratory (E-I) transition, where stimuli elicit either breaths of short duration and low amplitude (irreversible E-I transition, decreased total respiratory cycle duration) or transient bursts of inspiratory activity at the E-I transition followed by a prolonged breath (reversible E-I transition, increased total respiratory cycle duration). We conclude that RCPG "gating" of and adaptation to vagal feedback combine to produce complex breath-to-breath dynamics in the rat that are consistent with low-dimensional chaos.
Generating consensus sequences from partialorder multiple sequence alignment graphs (2003)

The heaviest_bundle source code is available at http://www.bioinformatics.ucla.edu/poa
Δ 6- and Δ12-desaturase activities and phosphatidic acid formation in microsomal preparations from the developing cotyledons of common borage (Borago officinalis) (1988)

Microsomal membrane preparations from the maturing cotyledons of common borage (Borago officinalis) exhibit delta 12- and delta 6-desaturase activities, which resulted in the synthesis of linoleate and gamma-linolenate respectively. The desaturase enzymes utilized the complex lipid substrate phosphatidylcholine. The activity of these enzymes was sufficiently high to allow the monitoring of the mass changes in the endogenous oleate, linoleate and gamma-linolenate in the microsomal phosphatidylcholine in the presence of NADH (i.e. under desaturating conditions). The results illustrate that the delta 12-desaturase uses the oleate substrate at both the sn-1 and -2 positions of sn-phosphatidylcholine, whereas the delta 6-desaturase is almost totally restricted to the linoleate at position 2 of the complex lipid. Estimate of the acyl-substrate pool size at position 2 of sn-phosphatidylcholine for both desaturases indicated that some 50% of the oleate and linoleate was available to the enzymes. The microsomes (microsomal fractions) had a somewhat impaired Kennedy [(1961) Fed. Proc. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. 20, 934-940] pathway for the formation of triacylglycerols when compared with other oil-rich plant species that have been studied [Stymne & Stobart (1987) The Biochemistry of Plants: a Comprehensive Treatise (Stumpf, P.K., ed.), vol. 10, chapter 8, pp. 175-214, Academic Press, New York]. In the presence of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and acyl-CoA, large quantities of phosphatidic acid accumulated in the membranes. Acyl-selectivity studies on the glycerol-acylating enzymes showed that gamma-linolenate could be acylated to both the sn-1 and sn-2 positions of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. However, stereochemical analysis of the acyl components of the sn-triacylglycerol obtained from mature seeds indicated that, whereas no gamma-linolenate was present at the sn-1 position, it accounted for over 50% of the fatty acids at position sn-3. The results indicate that the diacylglycerol acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.20) may show a strong selectivity for gamma-linolenoyl-CoA and hence result in the efficient removal of this fatty acid from the acyl-CoA pool in vivo, leaving negligible substrate for utilization by the sn-glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.15).
An Enteroendocrine Cell – Enteric Glia Connection Revealed by 3D Electron Microscopy (2014)

The enteroendocrine cell is the cornerstone of gastrointestinal chemosensation. In the intestine and colon, this cell is stimulated by nutrients, tastants that elicit the perception of flavor, and bacterial by-products; and in response, the cell secretes hormones like cholecystokinin and peptide YY--both potent regulators of appetite. The development of transgenic mice with enteroendocrine cells expressing green fluorescent protein has allowed for the elucidation of the apical nutrient sensing mechanisms of the cell. However, the basal secretory aspects of the enteroendocrine cell remain largely unexplored, particularly because a complete account of the enteroendocrine cell ultrastructure does not exist. Today, the fine ultrastructure of a specific cell can be revealed in the third dimension thanks to the invention of serial block face scanning electron microscopy (SBEM). Here, we bridged confocal microscopy with SBEM to identify the enteroendocrine cell of the mouse and study its ultrastructure in the third dimension. The results demonstrated that 73.5% of the peptide-secreting vesicles in the enteroendocrine cell are contained within an axon-like basal process. We called this process a neuropod. This neuropod contains neurofilaments, which are typical structural proteins of axons. Surprisingly, the SBEM data also demonstrated that the enteroendocrine cell neuropod is escorted by enteric glia--the cells that nurture enteric neurons. We extended these structural findings into an in vitro intestinal organoid system, in which the addition of glial derived neurotrophic factors enhanced the development of neuropods in enteroendocrine cells. These findings open a new avenue of exploration in gastrointestinal chemosensation by unveiling an unforeseen physical relationship between enteric glia and enteroendocrine cells.
Postsynthetic modification of metal–organic frameworks (2009)

The modification of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in a postsynthetic scheme is discussed in this critical review. In this approach, the MOF is assembled and then modified with chemical reagents with preservation of the lattice structure. Recent findings show amide couplings, isocyanate condensations, 'click' chemistry, and other reactions are suitable for postsynthetic modification (PSM). In addition, a number of MOFs, from IRMOF-3 to ZIF-90, are amenable to PSM. The generality of PSM, in both scope of chemical reactions and range of suitable MOFs, clearly indicates that the approach is broadly applicable. Indeed, the rapid increase in reports on PSM demonstrates this methodology will play an increasingly important role in the development of MOFs for the foreseeable future (117 references).
Serotonin re-uptake inhibitors in the treatment of premenstrual dysphoria: Current state of knowledge (1997)

Late luteal phase dysphoric disorder (LLPDD) and the more recently introduced premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) are recognized psychiatric disorders that consist of distressing emotional and behavioural symptoms that occur premenstrually. Recently, advances have been made in understanding the aetiology of the disorder, with clear evidence to implicate the serotonergic system. In women with predominately psychological symptoms, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs), as well as clomipramine, have demonstrated excellent efficacy and minimal side effects.
A surgeon's private practice in the nineteenth century: Sir William Fergusson's Edinburgh day books 1832–39, with some extracts from his London day books 1839–77 (1987)

77) was born at Prestonpans, his family claimed an impeccable Lochmaben lineage extending back to the time of Robert the Bruce. He attended school in Lochmaben until the age of twelve, when he proceeded to the Royal High School in Edinburgh. On the advice of an uncle who financed his education, Fergusson worked for two years in a lawyer's practice, before choosing a career in medicine. So great an interest and talent did he display in the dissecting room that in 1828
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone Treatment in Normal Aging (2001)

Because the aging pituitary remains responsive to stimulation by growth hormone (GH) secretagogues - GHRH, ghrelin, and their mimetics - these compounds could potentially be used instead of GH itself to increase GH secretion in aging. The factors contributing to the age-related decline in GH secretion are largely extrapituitary, and with repeated or continuous administration GHS's can significantly increase GH secretion and elevate levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) to the young adult normal range. Treatment with GHS's has both theoretical and practical potential advantages over GH - preserving feedback regulation by IGF-I to buffer against overtreatment, and yielding a more physiologic pulsatile pattern of GH secretion. Nonpeptide GHS's can also be administered orally. This review focuses primarily on results using GHRH; studies with ghrelin agonists are reviewed in detail in other articles from this symposium. We and others have shown that GHRH stimulates the brisk release of GH in healthy seniors, and that repeated administration of GHRH elevates IGF-I in a dose-dependent manner. In two 6-month treatment studies in healthy older women and men, subcutaneous injections of GHRH(1-29)NH2, self-administered once nightly, chronically increased nighttime GH secretion and produced sustained elevations of IGF-I levels. IGF-I increases were greatest in men, averaging 30%. Women not taking estrogen showed somewhat lesser increases (23%), and women taking oral estrogen replacement had no significant increase despite the greatest increments in GH secretion. Lean body mass increased; body fat was reduced by an average of 5-8%, with greatest effect on abdominal visceral fat; and again this effect was blunted in estrogenized women. Effects on physical function varied by group. In nonestrogenized women, physical function deteriorated in those receiving placebo; some measures were stabilized in women receiving GHRH. These changes were not significant in estrogenized subjects. GHRH appeared to improve cognitive function, especially in domains sensitive to changes in processing speed. The formulation of GHRH used in these studies is short-acting, with effects ending within a few hours. Perhaps for this reason, late-night GH secretion decreased after the initial GHRH-stimulated surge, and sleep quality was not improved. Side effects were those of fluid retention and were generally mild. The duration of these studies do not allow inferences to be drawn on prevention of the onset of clinical features of frailty. Thus, 6-month treatment with once-daily GHRH can elevate GH secretion and IGF-I, and improve body composition in a manner similar to the effects of GH. Effects on physical function are equivocal. Effects on cognition are encouraging but preliminary. The current GHRH formulation is too short-acting to provide optimal effects.
Image rendering by adaptive refinement (1986)

This paper describes techniques for improving the performance of image rendering on personal workstations by using CPU cycles going idle while the user is examining a static image on the screen. In that spirit, we believe that a renderer's work is never done . Our goal is to convey the most information to the user as early as possible, with image quality constantly improving with time. We do this by first generating a crude image rapidly and then adaptively refining it where necessary as long as the user does not change viewing parameters. The renderer operates in a succession of phases, first displaying only vertices of polygons, next polygon edges, then flat shading polygons, then shadowing polygons, then Gouraud shading polygons, then Phong shading polygons, and finally anti-aliasing. Performance is enhanced by each phase using results from previous phases and trimming the amount of data needed by the next phase. In this way, only a fraction of the pixels in an image may be Phong shaded while the rest may be Gouraud or flat shaded. Similarly anti-aliasing is performed only on pixels around which there is significant color change. The system features fast response to user intervention, encourages user intervention at any moment, and makes useful the idle cycles in a personal computer.
Carglumic acid for the treatment of N -acetylglutamate synthase deficiency and acute hyperammonemia (2012)

Carglumic acid is a structural analog and the first registered synthetic form of the naturally occurring allosteric activator of the urea cycle, N-acetylglutamate (NAG), which is the product of the enzyme NAG synthase (NAGS). Because NAG is essential for the function of carbamoylphosphate synthetase 1 as the first step of the urea cycle, a decreased availability of NAG due to primary or secondary defects of NAGS will affect ammonia detoxification in the urea cycle. Carglumic acid (Carbaglu®, Orphan Europe SARL, Paris, France) is approved for the acute and long-term treatment of primary defects of NAGS in Europe and the USA. In addition, it is approved in Europe for the treatment of acute hyperammonemia in patients with specific organic acidurias that can lead to NAG deficiency secondary to inhibition of NAGS. This article reviews the use of carglumic acid for both approved indications and considers the potential of this compound for acute hyperammonemias in general.