gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of stereo and laser‐based range sensing for rotorcraft unmanned aerial vehicle obstacle avoidance (2012)

Abstract We present an evaluation of stereo vision and laser‐based range sensing for rotorcraft unmanned aerial vehicle (RUAV) obstacle avoidance. Our focus is on sensors that are suitable for mini‐RUAV class vehicles in terms of weight and power consumption. The study is limited to the avoidance of large static obstacles such as trees. We compare two commercially available devices that are representative of the state of the art in two‐dimensional scanning laser and stereo‐based sensing. Stereo is evaluated with three different focal length lenses to assess the tradeoff between range resolution and field of view (FOV). The devices are evaluated in the context of obstacle avoidance through extensive flight trials with an RUAV. We discuss the merits and limitations of each sensor type, including sensing range, FOV, accuracy, and susceptibility to lighting conditions. We show that the stereo device fitted with 8‐mm lenses has a better sensing range and vertical FOV than the laser device; however, it relies on careful calibration and is affected by high‐contrast outdoor lighting conditions. The laser has a wider horizontal FOV and is more reliable at detecting obstacles that are within a 20‐m range. Overall the laser produced superior obstacle avoidance performance, with a success rate of 84% compared to 42% for 8‐mm stereo. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of whey protein supplements on metabolism (2011)

In summary, whey protein may affect glucose metabolism and muscle protein synthesis. However, the evidence for a clinical efficacy is not strong enough to make final recommendations with respect to a specific dose and the duration of supplementation.
Isolation, characterization, and nucleotide sequence of appY, a regulatory gene for growth-phase-dependent gene expression in Escherichia coli (1989)

A plasmid carrying a regulator gene, designated appY, was found in the screening of an Escherichia coli gene library for clones overproducing AppA, an acid phosphatase which is induced as a culture approaches the stationary phase. In cells containing multicopy plasmids carrying the appY gene, the expression of the chromosomal appY gene was stimulated 10- to 40-fold in the stationary phase and more than 100-fold during exponential growth. The appA plasmid also changed the rate of synthesis of more than 30 other proteins in a growth-phase-dependent way. The appY gene was mapped to 13 min on the E. coli genetic map. The position of the appY gene on the 4.9-kilobase HindIII fragment of the original clone was located by Tn5 mutagenesis and deletion analysis, and the nucleotide sequence of a 1.9-kilobase region containing the gene was determined. The appY gene product was identified as a weakly expressed 243-amino-acid polypeptide which contains a stretch of 20 amino acids showing very good similarity to the conserved DNA-binding domain of repressors and transcriptional activators.
Transmission of Acute Infectious Nonbacterial Gastroenteritis to Volunteers by Oral Administration of Stool Filtrates (1971)

Journal Article Transmission of Acute Infectious Nonbacterial Gastroenteritis to Volunteers by Oral Administration of Stool Filtrates Get access Raphael Dolin, Raphael Dolin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Neil R. Blacklow, Neil R. Blacklow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Herbert DuPont, Herbert DuPont Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Samuel Formal, Samuel Formal Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert F. Buscho, Robert F. Buscho Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Julius A. Kasel, Julius A. Kasel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert P. Chames, Robert P. Chames Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Richard Hornick, Richard Hornick Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert M. Chanock Robert M. Chanock Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 123, Issue 3, March 1971, Pages 307–312, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/123.3.307 Published: 01 March 1971 Article history Received: 24 November 1970 Published: 01 March 1971
Magnetic resonance imaging in the quantitative assessment of gouty tophi (2006)

Measurements of tophus size can be important in monitoring the course of gout therapy, as tophus resolution is proposed as one measure of success of treatment. This multicentre study assessed the intra- and interreader reproducibility of quantitative tophus volume measurements from magnetic resonance images (MRI) in subjects with palpable gouty tophi. Subjects first underwent radiographic imaging of a selected tophus followed by MRI before and at <or=5, 10 and 20-min after gadolinium administration. After choosing optimal parameters, subjects underwent pre- and postgadolinium-enhanced MRIs of a selected tophus on two occasions separated by 5-10 days. Unenhanced spin-echo images provided satisfactory tophi images and were less subject to interfering artefacts than gadolinium-enhanced gradient-echo images. Intrareader reproducibility was excellent, with no statistically significant difference in mean tophus volume between visits (mean difference - 0.05 +/- 0.97 cm3). A small but statistically significant difference in interreader mean tophus volume was detected (mean difference 0.89 +/- 2.05 cm3; p < 0.05). MRI can quantify tophus size in gout and deserves further comparison with other techniques for tophus size monitoring in assessing effects of gout therapy.
The p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway in Interferon Signal Transduction (2005)

Interferons (IFNs) are cytokines that regulate a variety of biologic effects, including cellular antiviral responses, inhibition of proliferation, induction of differentiation, and immunoregulation, via different mechanisms. In order to mediate such pleiotropic effects, IFNs trigger numerous signaling events. One way for IFNs to regulate cellular functions is through activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. Three major cascades of MAP kinases are known. The c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) cascade, the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade, and the p38 MAP kinase cascade. ERK and p38 MAP kinases are activated in response to type I IFNs and participate in the regulation of cellular responses. In this review we discuss recent findings on the role of the p38 MAP kinase pathway and its function in mediating IFN-dependent biologic effects. We further dissect and discuss the roles of upstream and downstream components of the p38 MAP kinase in the control of cellular responses triggered by IFNs.
Emission characteristics of semiconductor cathodes (2001)

Abstract This paper describes emission characteristics of MOS (metal–oxide–semiconductor) electron tunneling cathodes and Si field emitters, and shows that their characteristics reflect the energy band structures of the semiconductor and the electron transport in an incorporated semiconductor device. In addition, it proposes hybrid electronics combining solid‐state device and vacuum device technologies, and shows that this approach provides highly efficient high‐frequency devices with coverage from the microwave to the optical wave regions. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 84(5): 1–9, 2001
DNA-Directed Alkylating Agents. 6. Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of DNA Minor Groove-Targeted Aniline Mustard Analogs of Pibenzimol (Hoechst 33258) (1994)

A series of nitrogen mustard analogues of the DNA minor groove binding fluorophore pibenzimol (Hoechst 33258) have been synthesized and evaluated for antitumor activity. Conventional construction of the bisbenzimidazole ring system from the piperazinyl terminus, via two consecutive Pinner-type reactions, gave low yields of products contaminated with the 2-methyl analogue which proved difficult to separate. An alternative synthesis was developed, involving construction of the bisbenzimidazole from the mustard terminus, via Cu(2+)-promoted oxidative coupling of the mustard aldehydes with 3,4-diaminobenzonitrile to form the monobenzimidazoles, followed by a Pinner-type reaction and condensation with 4-(1-methyl-4-piperazinyl)-o-phenylenediamine. This process gives higher yields and pure products. The mustard analogues showed high hypersensitivity factors (IC50AA8/IC50 UV4), typical of DNA alkylating agents. There was a large increase in cytotoxicity (85-fold) across the homologous series which cannot be explained entirely by changes in mustard reactivity and may be related to altering orientation of the mustard with respect to the DNA resulting in different patterns of alkylation. Pibenzimol itself (which has been evaluated clinically as an anticancer drug) was inactive against P388 in vivo using a single-dose protocol, but the short-chain mustard homologues were highly effective, eliciting a proportion of long-term survivors.
There are differences in cytogenetic abnormalities among histologic subtypes of the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (1985)

Although many recurring chromosome abnormalities have been found in malignant lymphoma (ML) in recent years, their relationship to histology remains largely undefined. We have correlated, in the same tumor mass, chromosome findings with histology, defined by the International Working Formulation for Clinical Usage, in 120 patients. We find differences among histologies in the frequency of normal metaphases and the modal number of the predominant abnormal clone. In addition, most histologies have been significantly (P less than .01) associated with specific chromosome abnormalities. In particular, ML, follicular, predominantly small cleaved cell was associated with t(14;18)(q32;q21); ML, follicular, mixed small cleaved cell and large cell with t(14;18)(q32;q21) and trisomy 8; ML, follicular, predominantly large cell with trisomy 7 and breaks in 17q21-q25; ML, diffuse, mixed small cell and large cell with breaks in 11p; ML, diffuse, large cell with trisomy 21 and breaks in 2q and 9q; ML, large cell, immunoblastic with breaks at 6q21; and ML, small noncleaved cell with t(8;14)(q24;q32). Only the associations with t(14;18) and t(8;14) have been previously reported. The associated chromosome abnormality usually occurred in 30% to 70% of a given histology, raising the possibility that cytogenetics may add important prognostic information in lymphoma as it does in the acute leukemias.
Sphingosine 1-Phosphate in Vascular Biology: Possible Therapeutic Strategies to Control Vascular Diseases (2006)

Blood platelets are very unique in that they store sphingosine 1-phosphate (Sph-1-P) abundantly (possibly due to the existence of highly active sphingosine kinase and a lack of Sph-1-P lyase) and release this bioactive lipid extracellularly upon stimulation. Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) respond dramatically to this platelet-derived bioactive lipid mainly through a family of G protein-coupled Sph-1-P receptors named S1P1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, originally referred to as EDG-1, 5, 3, 6, and 8, respectively. In fact, the importance of Sph-1-P in platelet-vascular cell interactions has been revealed in a number of recent reports. Through interaction with ECs, Sph-1-P can mediate physiological wound healing processes such as vascular repair, although this important bioactive lipid can become atherogenic and thrombogenic, and cause or aggravate cardiovascular diseases especially under certain pathological conditions. On the other hand, Sph-1-P induces vasoconstriction through interaction with SMCs. It is likely that regulation of Sph-1-P biological activities is important for the therapeutical purpose to control vascular disorders. Particularly, the development of specific S1P receptor agonists or antagonists seems a reasonable strategy to selectively regulate the bioactivity of Sph-1-P, considering that a great diversity of Sph-1-P actions has been reported and that this diversity depends mainly on the S1P receptor subtype involved. In this review, I will summarize recent findings on possible roles of Sph-1-P in vascular biology and its therapeutical implications.
Definition of a common leukocyte cell-surface antigen (Lp95-150) associated with diverse cell-mediated immune functions. (1983)

We have described a monoclonal antibody, designated 60.3, which reacts with a cell surface antigen expressed by most peripheral blood and bone marrow leukocytes. Immunoprecipitation showed at least three major components with relative m.w. of 95,000, 130,000, and 150,000 under reducing conditions. Antibody 60.3 inhibited several cell-mediated immune functions. The lytic activity of both cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells was blocked in the presence of the antibody. The proliferative responses of T cells stimulated by soluble antigens, mitogens, or allogeneic cells were inhibited when antibody 60.3 was added at the initiation of culture, but not when added after 48 hr. Antibody 60.3 also blocked the migration of neutrophilic granulocytes. The antigen identified by antibody 60.3 thus appears to be involved in a membrane-dependent cell activation pathway that is common to diverse functional systems and is shared by both lymphoid and myeloid cells.
Microsoft® Windows® 2000 Administrator's Pocket Consultant (2000)

From the Publisher:
Microsoft Windows 2000 Administrator's Pocket Consultant is the concise, easy-to-use guide for Windows 2000 administrators -- the portable, readable reference that theyll want on their desktops at all times. Above all, its designed for quick access so administrators can find what theyre looking for right away. It has an expanded table of contents and a complete index for finding answers fast, plus quick-reference tabs for finding specific information and chapters. This hands-on guide covers both the Windows 2000 Professional and the Windows 2000 Server versions, but because much of the information applies to previous versions of Windows as well, administrators of Windows NT 4.0 can also use it. They'll find to be an invaluable resource, both for supporting current Windows systems and for migrating to Windows 2000. 
Administrators Pocket Consultants are step-by-step, quick references to everyday product administration issues.
The step-by-step, quick reference guide to administering and supporting Windows 2000 for IT professionals.
Quickly find what you need to help reduce time spent supporting customers.
See the right steps and procedures to help you get the job done fast and keep Windows 2000 running smoothly.
Reduce support costs and better satisfy remote users by always having the important Windows 2000 information with you.
Systemic lupus erythematosus and its ABCs (APRIL/BLyS complexes) (2010)

BLyS and APRIL are closely related members of the TNF ligand superfamily. These cytokines individually may contribute importantly to the development and maintenance of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Dillon and colleagues demonstrate that in contrast to most members of the TNF ligand superfamily, which form only homotrimers, BLyS and APRIL can complex as heterotrimers. These complexes have in vitro biological activity, and circulating levels of BLyS/APRIL heterotrimers are frequently elevated in SLE, but not rheumatoid arthritis, patients. Although the mechanism and regulation of heterotrimer formation, the interconversion (if any) between homotrimers and heterotrimers, and, indeed, the normal physiologic role for such heterotrimers remain unknown, their preferential overexpression in SLE, but not in rheumatoid arthritis, raises the possibility that such heterotrimers may be playing a contributory role in SLE.
RegionScout: Exploiting Coarse Grain Sharing in Snoop-Based Coherence (2005)

It has been shown that many requests miss in all remote nodes in shared memory multiprocessors. We are motivated by the observation that this behavior extends to much coarser grain areas of memory. We define a region to be a continuous, aligned memory area whose size is a power of two and observe that many requests find that no other node caches a block in the same region even for regions as large as 16K bytes. We propose RegionScout, a family of simple filter mechanisms that dynamically detect most non-shared regions. A node with a RegionScout filter can determine in advance that a request will miss in all remote nodes. RegionScout filters are implemented as a layered extension over existing snoop-based coherence systems. They require no changes to existing coherence protocols or caches and impose no constraints on what can be cached simultaneously. Their operation is completely transparent to software and the operating system. RegionScout filters require little additional storage and a single additional global signal. These characteristics are made possible by utilizing imprecise information about the regions cached in each node. Since they rely on dynamically collected information RegionScout filters can adapt to changing sharing patterns. We present two applications of RegionScout: In the first RegionScout is used to avoid broadcasts for non-shared regions thus reducing bandwidth. In the second RegionScout is used to avoid snoop induced tag lookups thus reducing energy.
Platelet adhesion onto chargeable functional group gradient surfaces (1998)

Functional group gradients were prepared on low-density polyethylene (PE) sheets. The surface density of grafted functional groups was gradually changed along the sample length by way of corona discharge treatment with gradually increasing power following graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA), sodium p-styrene sulfonate (NaSS), or N,N-dimethyl aminopropyl acrylamide (DMAPAA). AA and NaSS are negatively chargeable and DMAPAA is positively chargeable in phosphate-buffered saline or plasma solution at pH 7.3–7.4. The prepared functional group gradient surfaces were characterized by measurement of the water contact angle, by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, and by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the attenuated total reflectance mode. All these measurements indicated that the functional groups were grafted onto the PE surfaces with gradually increasing density. The platelets adhered to the functional group gradient surfaces along the sample length were counted and observed by scanning electron microscopy. It was observed that the platelet adhesion to the gradient surfaces decreased gradually with the increasing surface density of functional groups. This may be related to the hydrophilicity of the surfaces. The DMAPAA-grafted surface showed a large amount of platelet adhesion, probably due to its positive charge character, while the AA-grafted surface, which is charged negatively, showed poor platelet adhesion. However, the NaSS-grafted surface, which is also charged negatively, showed a relatively large amount of platelet adhesion. This may be associated with the existence of an aromatic ring close to the ionizable group in NaSS. It seems that surface functional groups and their charge character, as well as wettability, play important roles for platelet adhesion. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 40, 180–186, 1998
A Short, Highly Active Photoreceptor-Specific Enhancer/Promoter Region Upstream of the Human Rhodopsin Kinase Gene (2003)

The experiments defined a short, highly active photoreceptor-specific enhancer-promoter region upstream of the Rk gene. The H1 element contributed substantially but not exclusively to the transcriptional activity of the region. The findings support a transcriptional basis for photoreceptor-specific expression of Rk.
The structure and transcription start site of major potato tuber protine gene (1986)

We have isolated recombinant lambda clones containing intact major tuber protein (patatin) genes and flanking sequences from the commercial tetraploid variety Maris Piper. The gene is composed of seven exons and six introns, spread over 4 kb of DNA. Nuclease mapping defined the 5' end of the mRNA approximately 45 bp upstream of the initiation codon. The 5' end of the gene is preceeded by a canonical TATA box sequence. The three known patatin genes encode proteins of nearly identical Mr but very different isoelectric points. The sequence of the gene does not indicate a role for patatin as one of the globulin class of plant storage proteins.
Beta-cell deterioration determines the onset and rate of progression of secondary dietary failure in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: the 10-year follow-up of the Belfast Diet Study (1998)

Secondary failure of plasma glucose control following initial successful response to diet therapy may be due to dietary indiscretion, or to progression of the intrinsic diabetic condition. We report a 10-year prospective natural history study of 432 newly diagnosed diabetic patients aged 40-69 years undertaken to assess the effect of intensive dietary management, where patients were transferred to insulin, or oral hypoglycaemic therapy (tolbutamide, metformin) by predetermined criteria of weight and plasma glucose. Secondary failure to diet therapy occurred in 41 patients in years 2-4, 67 patients in years 5-7, and 51 patients in years 8-10; 173 patients remained on diet alone until death or the end of the study. Continuation on diet alone was associated with a lower ongoing fasting plasma glucose, greater beta-cell function assessed by an oral glucose tolerance test at 6 months, and increasing age. The rate of rise of fasting plasma glucose was inversely related to the duration of successful dietary therapy, but mean weight remained constant in all groups while on diet alone. The ongoing fall in beta-cell function assessed by HOMA modelling closely mirrored the progressive rise in fasting plasma glucose: there was no change in mean insulin sensitivity in any of the groups.
Caveolin-1 Up-regulation during Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition Is Mediated by Focal Adhesion Kinase (2008)

Emerging evidence has shown that caveolin-1 is up-regulated in a number of metastatic cancers and can influence various aspects of cell migration. However, in general, the role of caveolin-1 in cancer progression is poorly understood. In the present study, we examined alterations in caveolin-1 expression during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the ability of caveolin-1 to alter cancer cell adhesion, an aspect of cell motility. We employed two EMT cell models, the human embryonic carcinoma cell line NT2/D1, and TGF-beta1-treated NMuMG cells, which are derived from normal mouse mammary epithelia. Caveolin-1 expression was substantially up-regulated in both cell lines following the induction of EMT and was preceded by increased activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Src, two known tyrosine kinases involved in EMT. We hypothesized that caveolin-1 expression could be influenced by increased FAK phosphorylation, to which Src is a known contributor. Examination of FAK+/+ and FAK-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts revealed that in cells devoid of FAK, caveolin-1 expression is strikingly diminished. Using FAK and superFAK constructs and the novel FAK inhibitor PF-228, we were able to demonstrate that indeed, FAK can regulate caveolin-1 expression. We also found that Src can contribute to increases in caveolin-1 expression, however, only in the presence of FAK. From the culmination of this data and our functional analyses, we conclude that caveolin-1 expression can be up-regulated during EMT, and further, once expressed, caveolin-1 can greatly influence cancer cell adhesion.
Applications of terahertz time-domain measurement on paper currencies (1999)

Time-domain measurement of a THz pulse provides an alternative method for the dollar bill thickness characterization with an unparalleled data acquisition rate. This research will stimulate real-world applications of THz beam.