gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of DNA fingerprinting and serotyping for identification of avian Pasteurella multocida isolates (1993)

The DNA fingerprint profiles and serotypes of 63 avian Pasteurella multocida field isolates, 13 attenuated vaccine isolates (propagated from vaccines manufactured by five companies), and 16 somatic reference strains were compared. DNA fingerprinting established the relationship of isolates that could not be distinguished by serotyping. Of the 76 isolates, 28 DNA fingerprint profiles and 12 somatic types were recognized. One isolate was nonreactive with 16 reference somatic and 5 reference capsule-type antisera. Thirty-one field isolates and seven vaccine isolates were identified as capsule type A. Twenty-nine field isolates and six vaccine isolates were nonencapsulated. Three field isolates were capsule type F. Isolates of capsule types B, D, and E were not found. One field isolate, identified as somatic type 7, had a DNA fingerprint identical to that of the somatic reference type 6 profile. Twelve field isolates had profiles identical to the somatic reference type 3 strain profile; 11 of these were identified as somatic type 3, 4, and 1 was identified as somatic type 3. The DNA fingerprint profiles of 50 field isolates and 13 attenuated vaccine isolates did not match profiles of the 16 somatic type reference strains. Twenty-five DNA fingerprint profiles were recognized from 30 of these field isolates. The DNA fingerprint profiles of 20 field isolates and 13 attenuated vaccine isolates were identical. Three somatic types (3; 3,4; and 4,16) were identified from the field isolates, and two somatic types (3 and 3,4) were identified from the attenuated vaccine isolates. DNA fingerprinting is useful for accurate identification and epidemiologic study of P. multocida isolates.
Luteinizing Hormone and Different Genetic Variants, as Indicators of Frailty in Healthy Elderly Men (1999)

We investigated the possible clinical correlates between the serum LH concentration and characteristics of frailty and determined the presence and concentration of a genetic LH variant in an independently living population of elderly men. After exclusion of subjects with severe mobility problems and signs of dementia, 403 healthy men (aged 73-94 yr) were randomly selected from a population-based sample. Total testosterone (T), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and leptin were determined by RIA. Non-SHBG-bound T was calculated. LH and the presence of the genetic LH variant were measured using immunofluorometric assays. The characteristics of frailty were leg extensor strength using dynamometry, bone mineral density of total body and proximal femur, and body composition, including lean mass and fat mass, measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Disability was further assessed by the Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire and by a measure of physical performance. LH significantly increased with age and inversely correlated with T and non-SHBG-bound T. LH was inversely related to muscle strength and lean mass, and both relations were independent of T. LH was positively related to self-reported disability (Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire); 12.5% of the study population was heterozygous for the LH variant allele. T levels and the degree of frailty were not different in the wild-type LH group compared with the heterozygote LH variant group. A significant positive relation between LH and fat mass as well as leptin was only present in the heterozygote LH variant group. In conclusion, serum LH levels increases with age in independently living elderly men and correlates inversely with a variety of indicators of frailty. The observed relation between LH and frailty, independent of T, suggests that LH reflects serum androgen activity in a different way than T, possibly reflecting more closely the combined feedback effect of estrogen and androgen. A difference in biological response between the two LH forms is suggested, as a difference exists in the relation between LH and fat mass, respectively, and leptin in the heterozygote LH variant subjects vs. the wild-type LH subjects.
Raf Family Kinases: Old Dogs Have Learned New Tricks (2011)

First identified in the early 1980s as retroviral oncogenes, the Raf proteins have been the objects of intense research. The discoveries 10 years later that the Raf family members (Raf-1, B-Raf, and A-Raf) are bona fide Ras effectors and upstream activators of the ubiquitous ERK pathway increased the interest in these proteins primarily because of the central role that this cascade plays in cancer development. The important role of Raf in cancer was corroborated in 2002 with the discovery of B-Raf genetic mutations in a large number of tumors. This led to intensified drug development efforts to target Raf signaling in cancer. This work yielded not only recent clinical successes but also surprising insights into the regulation of Raf proteins by homodimerization and heterodimerization. Surprising insights also came from the hunt for new Raf targets. Although MEK remains the only widely accepted Raf substrate, new kinase-independent roles for Raf proteins have emerged. These include the regulation of apoptosis by suppressing the activity of the proapoptotic kinases, ASK1 and MST2, and the regulation of cell motility and differentiation by controlling the activity of Rok-α. In this review, we discuss the regulation of Raf proteins and their role in cancer, with special focus on the interacting proteins that modulate Raf signaling. We also describe the new pathways controlled by Raf proteins and summarize the successes and failures in the development of efficient anticancer therapies targeting Raf. Finally, we also argue for the necessity of more systemic approaches to obtain a better understanding of how the Ras-Raf signaling network generates biological specificity.
Web-Scale Bayesian Click-Through rate Prediction for Sponsored Search Advertising in Microsoft's Bing Search Engine (2010)

We describe a new Bayesian click-through rate&#13;\n(CTR) prediction algorithm used for Sponsored&#13;\nSearch in Microsoft's Bing search engine. The&#13;\nalgorithm is based on a probit regression model&#13;\nthat maps discrete or real-valued input features to&#13;\nprobabilities. It maintains Gaussian beliefs over&#13;\nweights of the model and performs Gaussian&#13;\nonline updates derived from approximate&#13;\nmessage passing. Scalability of the algorithm is&#13;\nensured through a principled weight pruning&#13;\nprocedure and an approximate parallel&#13;\nimplementation. We discuss the challenges&#13;\narising from evaluating and tuning the predictor&#13;\nas part of the complex system of sponsored&#13;\nsearch where the predictions made by the&#13;\nalgorithm decide about future training sample&#13;\ncomposition. Finally, we show experimental&#13;\nresults from the production system and compare&#13;\nto a calibrated Naïve Bayes algorithm.
Importance of Direct Spin−Spin Coupling and Spin-Flip Excitations for the Zero-Field Splittings of Transition Metal Complexes:  A Case Study (2006)

This work reports the evaluation of several theoretical approaches to the zero-field splitting (ZFS) in transition metal complexes. The experimentally well-known complex [Mn(acac)3] is taken as an example. The direct spin-spin contributions to the ZFS have been calculated on the basis of density functional theory (DFT) or complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) wave functions and have been found to be much more important than previously assumed. The contributions of the direct term may exceed approximately 1 cm(-1) in magnitude and therefore cannot be neglected in any treatment that aims at a realistic quantitative modeling of the ZFS. In the DFT framework, two different variants to treat the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) term have been evaluated. The first approach is based on previous work by Pederson, Khanna, and Kortus, and the second is based on a "quasi-restricted" DFT treatment which is rooted in our previous work on ZFS. Both approaches provide very similar results and underestimate the SOC contribution to the ZFS by a factor of 2 or more. The SOC is represented by an accurate multicenter spin-orbit mean-field (SOMF) approximation which is compared to the popular effective DFT potential-derived SOC operator. In addition to the DFT results, direct "infinite order" ab initio calculations of the SOC contribution to the ZFS based on CASSCF wave functions, the spectroscopy-oriented configuration interaction (SORCI), and the difference-dedicated CI (DDCI) approach are reported. In general, the multireference ab initio results provide a more realistic description of the ZFS in [Mn(acac)3]. The conclusions likely carry over to many other systems. This is attributed to the explicit treatment of the multiplet effects which are of dominant importance, since the calculations demonstrate that, even in the high-spin d4 system MnIII, the spin-flip excitations make the largest contribution to the SOC. It is demonstrated that the ab initio methods can be used even for somewhat larger molecules (the present calculations were done with more than 500 basis functions) in a reasonable time frame. Much more economical but still fairly reasonable results have been achieved with the INDO/S treatment based on CASSCF and SOC-CI wave functions.
Requirement for Atr in phosphorylation of Chk1 and cell cycle regulation in response to DNA replication blocks and UV-damaged DNA in Xenopus egg extracts (2000)

The checkpoint kinase Xchk1 becomes phosphorylated in Xenopus egg extracts in response to DNA replication blocks or UV-damaged DNA. Xchk1 is also required for the cell cycle delay that is induced by unreplicated or UV-damaged DNA. In this report, we have removed the Xenopus homolog of ATR (Xatr) from egg extracts by immunodepletion. In Xatr-depleted extracts, the checkpoint-associated phosphorylation of Xchk1 is abolished, and the cell cycle delay induced by replication blocks is strongly compromised. Xatr from egg extracts phosphorylated recombinant Xchk1 in vitro, but not a mutant form of Xchk1 (Xchk1-4AQ) containing nonphosphorylatable residues in its four conserved SQ/TQ motifs. Recombinant human ATR, but not a kinase-inactive mutant, phosphorylated the same sites in Xchk1. Furthermore, the Xchk1-4AQ mutant was found to be defective in mediating a checkpoint response in egg extracts. These findings suggest that Xchk1 is a functionally important target of Xatr during a checkpoint response to unreplicated or UV-damaged DNA.
Plasma concentrations of melatonin in man following oral absorption of different preparations. (1985)

The plasma concentrations of melatonin in man, fasting and fed, were determined after ingestion of three different oral preparations. A dose of 2 mg was given as either a gelatine capsule, a solution in corn oil or as a slow-release pill. Gelatine capsules and the corn oil preparation gave reproducibly timed peak plasma concentrations, 30 to 60 min after ingestion regardless of nutritional status, and plasma melatonin remained at or above endogenous night-time levels for 3-4 h with mean elimination half-lives of 0.54 to 0.67 h. The slow-release preparation usefully extended high plasma melatonin concentrations for 5-7 h after ingestion but the timing of peak concentrations was very dependent on nutritional status. These preparations should be of use in the study of timed melatonin administration in man.
Rat embryo fibroblasts transformed by c-Jun display highly metastatic and angiogenic activities in vivo and deregulate gene expression of both angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors. (1999)

The comparative tumorigenicity in rats and nude mice of cell lines derived from FR3T3 and transformed by either c-jun, ras, SV40 lt, or bovine papilloma virus type 1 (BPV1) oncogenes was investigated. c-Jun-transformed cells were as tumorigenic and metastatic as Ras-transformed cells. Latencies were short, and numerous pulmonary metastases were observed in all injected animals. In contrast, tumors induced by s.c. injection of SV40-transformed cells developed slower, and none of the animals who received injections i.v. presented with metastases. BPV1-transformed cells had an intermediate tumorigenic and metastatic activity. Microvessels present in the different tumors were revealed by immunostaining with Griffonia (Bandeiraea) Simplicifolia lectin 1. Tumors obtained with c-Jun-transformed cells exhibited more neovascularization than those induced by the other oncogenes. By comparison to FR3T3 cells or SV40- or BPV1-transformed cells, c-Jun-transformed fibroblasts repress the antiangiogenic thrombospondin-1 and SPARC genes, whereas we found that they express higher levels of gene expression of the angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor. Finally, as compared with cells before passage in animals, thrombospondin-1, SPARC, and VEGF gene expression was also deregulated in cell lines isolated from primary tumors induced by BPV1-transformants. Our results indicate that the high transforming potential of c-Jun, evidenced as soon as transformation is established in vitro, correlates with deregulation of gene expression of both angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors leading to rapid neovascularization of tumors.
The properdin-like type I repeats of human thrombospondin contain a cell attachment site. (1991)

Thrombospondin (TS) is a modular adhesive glycoprotein that contains three domains previously implicated in the attachment of cells to TS. These include the amino-terminal heparin-binding domain, the carboxy terminal cell or platelet-binding domain, and an RGDA sequence of TS. We have characterized a mAb against human TS, designated A4.1, which inhibits the attachment of human melanoma cells (G361) to TS. The epitope for A4.1 lies within the amino terminal half of the central stalklike region of TS which is distinct from the three known cell attachment sites. This region of TS is recovered in a 50-kD peptide after chymotryptic digestion of TS in EDTA. It contains the procollagen-like domain of TS as well as three type I repeats of a 60-residue segment homologous to two malarial proteins and the complement proteins properdin, and factors C6 through C9. The purified chymotryptic fragment is an effective attachment factor for G361 cells. A4.1 blocks adhesion to the 50-kD domain, as do some sulfated glycoconjugates. RGD (and RGE) peptides and mAbs against other domains of TS are not inhibitory. Peptides (19 mers) based on the core homology sequence of the three type I repeats of TS are potent attachment factors for these cells, and this adhesion is also inhibited by sulfated glycoconjugates. A polyclonal antibody raised against one of these peptides inhibits adhesion of G361 cells to the peptides, to the 50-kD fragment and to intact TS. Thus a new cell-adhesion site has been identified in TS whose sequence is very similar to the site identified in region II of the circumsporozoite protein of malaria parasites (Rich, K. A., F. W. George IV, J. L. Law, and W. J. Martin. 1990. Science (Wash. DC) 249:1574-1577. Thus there may be a common receptor which binds TS, malarial proteins, and properdin.
Synthesis of New 2-Naphthyl Ethers and Their Protective Activities against DNA Damage Induced by Bleomycin-Iron (2009)

The reaction of 2-naphthaloxyacetic acid with thiosemicarbazide in the presence of phosphoryl chloride, followed by treatment with phenacylbromides, led to the formation of imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles 3a-c. 2-(Naphthalen-3-yloxy)acetohydrazide 4 on treatment with ethyl 2-(2-arylhydrazono)-3-oxobutanoates (5a-c), 2-methoxymethylene)malononitrile, or ethyl 2-cyano-3,3-bis(methylthio)acrylate led to the formation of substituted pyrazoles 6-8. The reaction of the hydrazide 4 with hydrazonoyl chlorides 9a-c and 1,2,4,5-benzene tetracarboxylic-1,2:4,5-dianhydride produced bis-diazo compounds 10a-c and dimide 11 respectively. All new compounds were tested for their protective activity against DNA damage induced by bleomycin-iron complex. Compound 2 showed the greatest protection against DNA damage, thus diminishing chromogen formation between the damaged DNA and thiobarbituric acid.
The CCR2 receptor as a therapeutic target (2005)

The strict control of cell recruitment during the physiological inflammatory response fails in autoimmune inflammatory diseases. The chemokine system is a complex and redundant network of small soluble proteins and G-protein-coupled cell surface receptors that participate in the inflammatory response, mainly attracting cells to the inflammatory foci. Data inferred from animal models suggest that the chemokine system might be involved in the physiopathology of several human disorders. CCR2, a chemokine receptor widely expressed in haematopoietic and non-haematopoieic cells, has been functionally implicated in experimental models of rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and atherosclerosis amongst others, which has prompted several pharmaceutical companies to develop and patent a number of compounds with anti-CCR2 activity. This review will consider disorders where CCR2 signalling has shown a relevant function in animal models for which correlative data exist in humans, as well as patents of synthetic and biological products with anti-CCR2 activity potentially useful in human pathology.
The pyrethrins and related compounds. XIX Geometrical and optical isomers of 2,2‐dimethyl‐3‐(2,2‐dichlorovinyl)‐cyclopropanecarboxylic acid and insecticidal esters with 5‐benzyi‐3‐furylmethyi and 3‐phenoxybenzyl alcohols (1974)

Abstract Esters of 2,2‐dimethyl‐3‐(2,2‐dichlorovinyl)‐cyclopropanecarboxylic acid with appropriate alcohols are more active insecticides than the corresponding 3‐isobutenyl compounds (chrysanthemates). (±)‐ Cis and (±)‐ trans forms of the dichloro acid are obtained by fractional crystallisation of the mixed acids or by hydrolysis of the ethyl esters separated by fractional distillation. The (±)‐ cis and (±)‐ trans acids are resolved into their (+)‐ and (‐)‐forms with α‐methyl‐benzylamine and threo‐l‐ p ‐nitrophenyl‐2‐N,N‐dimethyiamino‐propane‐1,3‐diol respectively. As for the corresponding chrysanthemates, the (+)‐ cis and (+)‐ trans acids give esters more active as insecticides than their enantiomers.
Assisted reproductive technology in Europe, 2004: results generated from European registers by ESHRE (2008)

Compared with earlier years, the reported number of ART cycles in Europe increased and the pregnancy rates increased marginally, even though fewer embryos were transferred and the multiple delivery rates were reduced.
Diazocarbonyl compounds and 1-diethylaminopropyne (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiazocarbonyl compounds and 1-diethylaminopropyneRolf Huisgen, Hans Ulrich Reissig, and Helmut HuberCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 13, 3647–3648Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00507a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00507a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views266Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tumor necrosis factor alpha mediates lethal activity of killed gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria in D-galactosamine-treated mice (1991)

Treatment with D-galactosamine increases sensitivity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-responder mice to the lethal effects of LPS, while nonresponder mice remain resistant (M.A. Freudenberg, D. Keppler, and C. Galanos, Infect. Immun. 51:891-895, 1986). In the present study it is shown that, in contrast to LPS, killed gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella abortus equi and S. typhimurium) were highly toxic for D-galactosamine-treated LPS-responder (C57BL/10 ScSN and C3H/HeN) and -nonresponder (C57BL/10 ScCR and C3H/HeJ) mice, although to a higher extent in the former strains. Also, killed gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Propionibacterium acnes, and Mycobacterium phlei) exhibited toxicity for D-galactosamine-treated mice, LPS-responder and -nonresponder mice being equally susceptible. Evidently, bacterial components other than LPS may exhibit lethal effects in sensitized animals. In all cases, the lethality of LPS and of bacteria was inhibited by anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) serum. While LPS induced TNF-alpha in vitro only in macrophages from LPS-responder mice, gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria induced TNF-alpha also in macrophages from LPS-nonresponder mice. The data show that TNF-alpha is a common endogenous mediator of the lethal activity of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.
Coded aperture imaging with multiple measurements (1997)

In coded aperture imaging, only aperture arrays consisting of (0, 1) elements are physically realizable. If multiple coded images are obtained with different aperture masks and the resulting detector images are suitably combined, a larger variety of aperture arrays, such as multilevel, complex-valued, vector-valued, or complementary arrays becomes applicable. We present a general theory of coded aperture imaging with multiple measurements. An image reconstruction scheme from the coded images is described that results in a maximum signal-to-noise ratio. Also, the design of sets of aperture arrays is addressed and explicitly solved for several important cases. It is shown how known classes of correlation arrays can be beneficially applied to coded aperture imaging.
Formation of antibody to matrix protein in experimental human influenza A virus infections (1978)

Antibodies to type A influenza virus matrix protein (M) were assayed by single radial diffusion in 180 paired sera of volunteers challenged intranasally with live H3N2 viruses of varying degrees of virulence. Of these volunteers 20 had had severe clinical reactions (influenza-like); there had been 19 moderate reactions (lesser degrees of constitutional illness), and the remaining 141 reactions had been graded mild, very mild, or nil. Only 2 volunteers were shown to have antibodies to M in the pre-trial serum samples, and 11 developed anti-M rises after virus inoculation. Nine of the 11 had had severe reactions, and 2 had had moderate reactions. There was, therefore, a clear correlation between severity of clinical illness and anti-M antibody formation. In general, anti-M increases coincided with increases to the hemagglutinins and nucleoprotein, and with virus shedding. However, no anti-M antibody could be demonstrated in paired sera of 18 additional volunteers of whom 12 had developed severe reactions after the inoculation of virulent H0N1 and H1N1 influenza A viruses and of whom 12 had shown laboratory evidence of infection.