gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison Review of Short-Acting and Long-Acting Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (2015)

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are useful tools for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. In their recent position statement, the American Diabetes Association and European Association for the Study of Diabetes recommend GLP1-RAs as add-on to metformin when therapeutic goals are not achieved with monotherapy, particularly for patients who wish to avoid weight gain or hypoglycemia. GLP1-RAs differ substantially in their duration of action, frequency of administration and clinical profile. Members of this class approved for clinical use include exenatide twice-daily, exenatide once-weekly, liraglutide and lixisenatide once-daily. Recently, two new once-weekly GLP1-RAs have been approved: dulaglutide and albiglutide. This article summarizes properties of short- and long-acting GLP-1 analogs, and provides useful information to help choose the most appropriate compound for individual patients.
Low-density lipoprotein oxidation is increased in kidney transplant recipients (1996)

Abstract Oxidative modification of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In addition, there is evidence that chronic vascular allograft rejection may be mediated by oxidised LDL. Plasma lipoprotein concentrations and parameters of LDL oxidation were determined in 19 kidney transplant recipients and 19 healthy controls. Plasma triglycerides and total cholesterol was significantly higher in patients than in the controls. The mean LDL diameter was smaller in patients than in the controls (23.6 ± 0.71 nm vs 27.78 ± 1.16 nm, P < 0.002). Furthermore, the lag time of copper-induced in vitro LDL oxidation was shorter in patients than in the controls (101 ± 23 min vs 148 ± 81 min, P= 0.02). The titre and concentration of both IgG and IgM autoantibodies against mal-ondialdehyde-modified LDL (MDA-LDL) were higher in the patients. We conclude that there is in vitro and in vivo evidence of increased LDL oxidation in renal transplant recipients. This might facilitate the progression of atherosclerosis and enhance the process of chronic vascular rejection.
Solution Properties of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (1998)

Naked metallic and semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were dissolved in organic solutions by derivatization with thionychloride and octadecylamine. Both ionic (charge transfer) and covalent solution-phase chemistry with concomitant modulation of the SWNT band structure were demonstrated. Solution-phase near-infrared spectroscopy was used to study the effects of chemical modifications on the band gaps of the SWNTs. Reaction of soluble SWNTs with dichlorocarbene led to functionalization of the nanotube walls.
Electrograms for Identification of the Atrial Ablation Site During Catheter Ablation of Accessory Pathways (1996)

Short A-K interval (< 40 ms), and a negative delta-K interval recorded from the catheter positioned in the atrium are strong predictors of successful ablation of LPs and RPs. Therefore, the identification of the K potential appears to be of paramount importance for positioning of the ablation catheter, followed by analysis of A-K and delta-K unipolar electrogram intervals. However, it appears that the mere recording of K potential is not, per se, predictive of successful outcome, but rather the A-K and delta-K interval.
Differentiation of metal ion-induced transitions of prothrombin fragment 1. (1977)

The intrinsic fluorescence of human and bovine prothrombin fragment 1 is quenched (approximately -35%) when calcium ions are bound. The intrinsic fluorescence of prothrombin is also quenched by the binding of Ca2+ but to a lesser extent (total change is approximately -6%). The prothrombin fragment 1 fluorescence transition is also effected by the binding of Mg2+, Mn2+, Gd3+, and Tb3+. With all ions the fluorescence quenching is readily reversed by titration with EDTA. Titration with any of the above ions results in a sigmoidal titration curve. The fluorescence transition midpoints (expressed as Tm) occur at the following concentrations of ions: Ca2+, 0.22 (0.35) mM; Mg2+, 0.22 (0.45) mM; Mn2+, 12.6 (12.6) muM; and Gd3+, 3.6 (5.3) muM (the values in parentheses indicate the concentration of the respective ions bound to bovine prothrombin fragment 1). The presence of phospholipid steepens the Ca2+ titration curve, significantly more so for the bovine system than for the human. Tm values for Ca2+ binding in the presence of phospholipid are 0.21 mM and 0.22 mM for binding to human and bovine prothrombin fragment 1, respectively. Sedimentation equilibrium and velocity studies indicate that prothrombin fragment 1 which is monomeric in the presence of EDTA undergoes concentration-dependent association in the presence of Ca2+. A plot of fraction monomer versus Ca2+ concentration is sigmoidal, with a Tm of approximately 1 mM Ca2+. Mg2+ is only marginally effective in promoting the dimerization, and Mn2+ and Gd3+ are even less effective. However, sedimentation studies performed in the presence of 1 mM Mg2+ at varying Ca2+ concentrations shifted the apparent dimerization transition markedly to the left, the midpoint of the transition occurring at 0.25 mM. Kinetic studies reveal that while Mg2+ by itself does not promote prothrombin activation to thrombin, Mg2+ will partially substitute for Ca2+ in prothrombin activation. In the presence of 1 mM Mg2+ maximal activation rates are attained with 0.3 mM Ca2+; higher Mg2+ concentrations (at this Ca2+ concentration) are inhibitory. Only Ca2+ and Gd3+ permit significant prothrombin-phospholipid binding. Scatchard plots derived from equilibrium dialysis experiments performed with bovine prothrombin fragment 1 suggest marked cooperativity in calcium binding and the existence of approximately six Ca2+ binding sites. Similar studies, but with 1 mM Mg2+ also present in the dialysate, suggested that Mg2+ promotes a greater degree of cooperativity in Ca2+ binding to prothrombin fragment 1 with an apparent decrease in the number of Ca2+ sites occupied. It therefore appears that prothrombin fragment 1 has two classes of metal ion binding sites. One class, probably comprising two of six sites, is apparently fairly nonselective with respect to which metal ion is bound; binding of metal ion to these sites is responsible for the fluorescence change and apparently triggers a conformational transition...
Identification of SATB2 as the cleft palate gene on 2q32-q33 (2003)

Cytogenetic evidence, in the form of deletions and balanced translocations, points to the existence of a locus on 2q32-q33, for which haploinsufficiency results in isolated cleft palate (CPO). Here we show by high-resolution FISH mapping of two de novo CPO-associated translocations involving 2q32-q33 that one breakpoint interrupts the transcription unit of the gene encoding the DNA-binding protein SATB2 (formerly KIAA1034). The breakpoint in the other translocation is located 130 kb 3' to the SATB2 polyadenylation signal, within a conserved region of non-coding DNA. The SATB2 gene is transcribed in a telomeric to centromeric direction and lies in a gene-poor region of 2q32-q33; the nearest confirmed gene is 1.26 Mb centromeric to the SATB2 polyadenylation signal. SATB2-encoding transcripts are assembled from 11 exons that span 191 kb of genomic DNA. They encode a protein of 733 amino acids that has two CUT domains and a homeodomain and shows a remarkable degree of evolutionary conservation, with only three amino acid substitutions between mouse and human. This protein belongs to the same family as SATB1, a nuclear matrix-attachment region binding protein implicated in transcriptional control and control of chromatin remodelling. There are also sequence similarities to the Drosophila protein DVE. Whole mount in situ hybridization to mouse embryos shows site- and stage-specific expression of SATB2 in the developing palate. Despite the strong evidence supporting an important role for SATB2 in palate development, mutation analysis of 70 unrelated patients with CPO did not reveal any coding region variants.
PRISM, a Generic Large Scale Proteomic Investigation Strategy for Mammals*S (2003)

We have developed a systematic analytical approach, termed PRISM (Proteomic Investigation Strategy for Mammals), that permits routine, large scale protein expression profiling of mammalian cells and tissues. PRISM combines subcellular fractionation, multidimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based protein shotgun sequencing, and two newly developed computer algorithms, STATQUEST and GOClust, as a means to rapidly identify, annotate, and categorize thousands of expressed mammalian proteins. The application of PRISM to adult mouse lung and liver resulted in the high confidence identification of over 2,100 unique proteins including more than 100 integral membrane proteins, 400 nuclear proteins, and 500 uncharacterized proteins, the largest proteome study carried out to date on this important model organism. Automated clustering of the identified proteins into Gene Ontology annotation groups allowed for streamlined analysis of the large data set, revealing interesting and physiologically relevant patterns of tissue and organelle specificity. PRISM therefore offers an effective platform for in-depth investigation of complex mammalian proteomes.
Part 8: Adult Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (2010)

The goal of therapy for bradycardia or tachycardia is to rapidly identify and treat patients who are hemodynamically unstable or symptomatic due to the arrhythmia. Drugs or, when appropriate, pacing may be used to control unstable or symptomatic bradycardia. Cardioversion or drugs or both may be used to control unstable or symptomatic tachycardia. ACLS providers should closely monitor stable patients pending expert consultation and should be prepared to aggressively treat those with evidence of decompensation.
Magnetic Interactions in Ternary Ruthenium Oxides (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMagnetic Interactions in Ternary Ruthenium OxidesAlan Callaghan, Carl W. Moeller, and Roland WardCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1966, 5, 9, 1572–1576Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50043a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50043a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1156Altmetric-Citations402LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Epitope mapping of the alpha-toxin of Clostridium perfringens (1991)

A panel of monoclonal antibodies specific for the Clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin was produced by the fusion of X63.Ag8-653 cells with splenocytes from mice immunized either intrasplenically or intraperitoneally with an alpha-toxoid. The toxin-binding activity of each monoclonal antibody was evaluated. The monoclonal antibodies were also screened for their toxin-neutralizing potential in vitro, as determined by the inhibition of phospholipase C and hemolytic activities. In vivo inhibition of toxicity was assessed by the survival of mice challenged with preincubated alpha-toxin-antibody mixtures. Only one monoclonal antibody (3A4D10) was protective in vivo and neutralizing in both in vitro assays. Since 3A4D10 could inhibit both activities, the evidence suggests that these are colocated in the same area of the toxin molecule. This paper identifies a significant continuous linear binding region for 3A4D10 at positions 193 to 198 in the primary amino acid sequence of alpha-toxin.
Anti-IgM-mediated Regulation of c-myc and Its Possible Relationship to Apoptosis (1996)

Anti-IgM treatment of Burkitt's lymphoma cells is followed by either growth arrest or induction of apoptosis. In this study we have explored the role of c-myc in these events. Our results in Ramos cells indicate the following. (a) The decline in c-myc mRNA occurs at about 4 h; inhibition of about 80% being observed. (b) The stability of c-myc message is involved since the half-life of c-myc mRNA is decreased from about 30 min in untreated cells to about 15 min following treatment with anti-IgM. In the presence of cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor, the half-life is increased to about 50 min and was unaltered by treatment with anti-IgM. (c) By contrast, nuclear run-on experiments indicated no change in transcription rates for c-myc message due to treatment with anti-IgM. (d) A decrease in c-myc causes apoptosis since specific repression of c-myc with antisense oligonucleotides decreases the levels of c-Myc, inhibits growth rate, decreases viability, and induces apoptosis. (e) Anti-CD40 inhibition of apoptosis occurs without alteration in anti-IgM-induced down-regulation of c-myc mRNA, suggesting that it acts distally to c-myc down-regulation. Other cell lines were also investigated. In Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive cell lines (Daudi, Raji, and Namalwa), anti-IgM treatment for 24 h results in growth inhibition without induction of apoptosis. In EBV-negative cell lines (ST486 and CA46, as well as Ramos), a more heterogeneous pattern of responses to anti-IgM are observed. Ramos and ST486 cells both show growth inhibition and apoptosis upon anti-IgM treatment; CA46 cells shown only growth inhibition but not apoptosis. Anti-IgM causes a decline in c-myc mRNA levels in all of these lines, as well as in c-Myc protein level in the two lines investigated, Daudi and Ramos, regardless of apoptosis. Addition of antisense c-myc oligonucleotides to the cells reduced growth in both Daudi and Ramos cells lines, however it resulted in substantial apoptosis only in Ramos cells. These results suggest that anti-IgM destabilizes c-myc mRNA by a process that involves mRNA turnover, rather than transcription rates. However anti-IgM exerts differential effects in EBV-positive and EBV-negative cell lines. EBV-positive cells are uniformly resistant to apoptosis, while EBV-negative cell lines show a tendency to apoptosis but with exceptions. Growth inhibition can be uncoupled from apoptosis in EBV-positive cell lines, but not in those EBV-negative cell lines prone to apoptosis. Furthermore, down-regulation of c-myc message correlates with growth inhibition in these cells, but is an insufficient link to apoptosis. By contrast inhibition of apoptosis by anti-CD40 occurs even though c-myc mRNA is decreased.
Regulation of virulence determinants in vitro and in vivo inStaphylococcus aureus (2003)

Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen. In response to changing host environments, this bacterium has the capability to switch on selective sets of genes to enhance its chances for survival. This switching process is precisely controlled by global regulatory elements. There are two major groups of global regulatory elements in S. aureus, including two-component regulatory systems (TCRSs) and the SarA protein family. Presumably, the sensor proteins of the 16 TCRSs in S. aureus provide external sensing, while the response regulators, in conjunction with alternative transcription factors and the SarA protein family, function as effectors within the intricate regulatory network to respond to environmental stimuli. Sequence alignment and structural data indicate that the SarA protein family could be subdivided into three subfamilies: (1) single-domain proteins; (2) double-domain proteins; and (3) proteins homologous to the MarR protein family. Recent data using reporter gene fusions in animal models, have confirmed distinct expression profiles of selected regulatory and target genes in vitro vs. in vivo.
Efficient Iris Recognition by Characterizing Key Local Variations (2004)

Unlike other biometrics such as fingerprints and face, the distinct aspect of iris comes from randomly distributed features. This leads to its high reliability for personal identification, and at the same time, the difficulty in effectively representing such details in an image. This paper describes an efficient algorithm for iris recognition by characterizing key local variations. The basic idea is that local sharp variation points, denoting the appearing or vanishing of an important image structure, are utilized to represent the characteristics of the iris. The whole procedure of feature extraction includes two steps: 1) a set of one-dimensional intensity signals is constructed to effectively characterize the most important information of the original two-dimensional image; 2) using a particular class of wavelets, a position sequence of local sharp variation points in such signals is recorded as features. We also present a fast matching scheme based on exclusive OR operation to compute the similarity between a pair of position sequences. Experimental results on 2255 iris images show that the performance of the proposed method is encouraging and comparable to the best iris recognition algorithm found in the current literature.
Efficient photovoltaic cells with wide photosensitization range fabricated from rhenium benzathiazole complexes (2007)

Bulk heterojunction ITO/CuPc/sensitizer:C60∕C60∕Al (ITO denotes indium tin oxide; CuPc denotes copper phthalocyanine) photovoltaic cells were fabricated by using rhenium(I) complexes with benzathiazole ligands as the sensitizers. The complexes enhance the photosensitivity in the region of 450–550nm in which CuPc and C60 have little absorption. The devices exhibited high fill factors in excess of 0.6, and the power conversion efficiency of the best device 1.72%. A device based on pure CuPc:C60 mixed layer was fabricated for comparison. The external quantum efficiency of the devices remained higher than 10% in the entire visible region, which clearly demonstrated the importance of rhenium complexes as sensitizers.
Measles virus-induced immune suppression in the cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) model depends on viral glycoproteins (1997)

Immune suppression during measles accounts for most of the morbidity and mortality associated with the virus infection. Experimental study of this phenomenon has been hampered by the lack of a suitable animal model. We have used the cotton rat to demonstrate that mitogen-induced proliferation of spleen cells from measles virus-infected animals is impaired. Proliferation inhibition is seen in all lymphocyte subsets and is not dependent on viral replication. Cells which express the viral glycoproteins (hemagglutinin and fusion protein) transiently by transfection induce proliferation inhibition after intraperitoneal inoculation, whereas application of a recombinant measles virus in which measles virus glycoproteins are replaced with the vesicular stomatitis virus G protein does not have an antiproliferative effect. Therefore, in vivo expression of measles virus glycoproteins is sufficient and necessary to induce inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation.
Porous Dendritic Platinum Nanotubes with Extremely High Activity and Stability for Oxygen Reduction Reaction (2013)

Controlling the morphology of Pt nanostructures can provide opportunities to greatly increase their activity and stability. Porous dendritic Pt nanotubes were successfully synthesized by a facile, cost-effective aqueous solution method at room temperature in large scale. These unique structures are porous, hollow, hierarchical, and single crystalline, which not only gives them a large surface area with high catalyst utilization, but also improves mass transport and gas diffusion. These novel Pt structures exhibited significantly improved catalytic activity (4.4 fold) for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and greatly enhanced durability (6.1 fold) over that of the state-of-the-art commercial Pt/C catalyst. This work provides a promising approach to the design of highly efficient next-generation electrocatalysts.
Endotoxin induction of tumor necrosis factor is enhanced by acid-labile interferon-alpha in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. (1989)

High levels of an acid-labile IFN-alpha have been demonstrated in the sera of patients with symptomatic HIV infection. IFNs have been shown to enhance the cytotoxic and antiproliferative actions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which is a potent mediator of inflammation and sepsis. We show that the acid-labile IFN-alpha present in AIDS sera can induce TNF synthesis and sensitize blood monocytes (BM) to endotoxin stimulation resulting in further synthesis of TNF in vitro. TNF production by BM from patients with HIV infections and normal controls was measured by a cytotoxicity assay on L929 cells using human TNF alpha as a standard. BM from AIDS patients spontaneously produce high levels of TNF and are hypersensitive to endotoxin stimulation, resulting in enhanced synthesis of TNF. In determining the mechanism involved, we demonstrated that treatment of normal BM with AIDS sera results in induction of TNF. Neutralization of the acid-labile IFN-alpha in AIDS sera with polyclonal anti-IFN-alpha antibodies results in diminution of TNF induction. In addition, pretreatment of normal BM with AIDS sera, IFN-alpha, or IFN-gamma renders the cells hypersensitive to endotoxin. Consequently, activation of the TNF system by the acid-labile IFN-alpha contributes to some of the physiological disturbances, such as the wasting syndrome, and to the pathophysiology of sepsis in AIDS patients.
LumièreNet: Lecture Video Synthesis from Audio (2019)

We present LumièreNet, a simple, modular, and completely deep-learning based architecture that synthesizes, high quality, full-pose headshot lecture videos from instructor's new audio narration of any length. Unlike prior works, LumièreNet is entirely composed of trainable neural network modules to learn mapping functions from the audio to video through (intermediate) estimated pose-based compact and abstract latent codes. Our video demos are available at [22] and [23].