gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New cylindrical peptide assemblies defined by extended parallel β-sheets (2012)

A new approach to non-covalent peptide-based nanotubular or rod-like structures is presented, whereby the monomeric units are preorganised into a β-strand geometry that templates the formation of an extended and unusual parallel β-sheet rod-like structure. The conformational constraint is introduced by Huisgen cycloaddition to give a triazole-based macrocycle, with the resulting self-assembled structures stabilized by a well-defined series of intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
Motoneuronal development in the embryonic zebrafish (1991)

To learn how neurons find their appropriate targets, we have studied two populations of motoneurons in the embryonic zebrafish: primary motoneurons, individually identified cells whose growth cones pioneer the first nerve pathways in the muscle, and secondary motoneurons, cells which develop later and whose growth cones apparently extend along the axons of the primary motoneurons. Transplantation studies of single, identified primary motoneurons suggest that commitment of these cells to innervate their cell-specific muscle territories may be a multistep process in which they are first committed to be motoneurons and are later committed to extend axons along specific pathways. Ablation studies suggest that interactions among the primary motoneurons are unlikely to be necessary for proper pathfinding or commitment. However, interactions with the primary motoneurons may be important for proper development of the secondary motoneurons.
Processing of pestivirus polyprotein: cleavage site between autoprotease and nucleocapsid protein of classical swine fever virus (1993)

The polyprotein of classical swine fever virus starts with the nonstructural protein p23, which is followed by the nucleocapsid protein p14. Proteolytic cleavage between p23 and p14 was demonstrated in a cell-free transcription-translation system. Successive truncation of the cDNA used for the transcription indicated that the proteolytic activity responsible for the cleavage between p23 and p14 resides within p23. In order to determine the cleavage site between these two proteins, the respective genomic regions were expressed in two different expression systems. N-terminal sequencing of the resulting p14-related proteins revealed that cleavage occurs between Cys-168 and Ser-169. Comparison of the sequence around the cleavage site with sequences of other pestiviruses suggests a conserved processing site between similar proteins.
Confluent Monolayers of Cultured Human Fetal Retinal Pigment Epithelium Exhibit Morphology and Physiology of Native Tissue (2006)

A new cell culture procedure has been developed that produces confluent primary hfRPE cultures with morphological and physiological characteristics of the native tissue. Epithelial polarity and function of these easily reproducible primary cultures closely resemble previously studied native human fetal and bovine RPE-choroid explants.
Polyol-induced Stabilization of a Cold-labile Protein (1991)

Journal Article Polyol-induced Stabilization of a Cold-labile Protein Get access Kunihiko Gekko, Kunihiko Gekko Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Nagoya University, Aichi 464, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yuki Kuwana, Yuki Kuwana Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Nagoya University, Aichi 464, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Takuji Sasaki, Takuji Sasaki Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Nagoya University, Aichi 464, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shio Makino Shio Makino Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Nagoya University, Aichi 464, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 55, Issue 6, 1 June 1991, Pages 1663–1664, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1991.10870809 Published: 01 June 1991 Article history Received: 07 December 1990 Published: 01 June 1991
Advances in nucleic acid-based detection methods. (1992)

Laboratory techniques based on nucleic acid methods have increased in popularity over the last decade with clinical microbiologists and other laboratory scientists who are concerned with the diagnosis of infectious agents. This increase in popularity is a result primarily of advances made in nucleic acid amplification and detection techniques. Polymerase chain reaction, the original nucleic acid amplification technique, changed the way many people viewed and used nucleic acid techniques in clinical settings. After the potential of polymerase chain reaction became apparent, other methods of nucleic acid amplification and detection were developed. These alternative nucleic acid amplification methods may become serious contenders for application to routine laboratory analyses. This review presents some background information on nucleic acid analyses that might be used in clinical and anatomical laboratories and describes some recent advances in the amplification and detection of nucleic acids.
The Optical Outcoupling of Organic Light Emitting Diodes (2007)

OLEDs have seen a strong growth in development in recent years, however up to 80% of emitted light may be lost within the OLED stack and in the substrate layers. This thesis investigates the effects of the layer stack on the OLED properties and also studies a number of approaches to substrate structuring and treatment in order to couple light from the devices.
Smooth muscle phenotypic expression in human carotid arteries. I. Comparison of cells from diffuse intimal thickenings adjacent to atheromatous plaques with those of the media. (1985)

The volume fraction of synthetic organelles in smooth muscle cells from diffuse intimal thickenings (DIT) and media of human carotid arteries has been determined morphometrically. Fresh tissue from surgical endarterectomy was obtained from both male and female patients between 50 and 80 years of age. The results show that 87% of cells within the DIT can be readily identified as smooth muscle. The volume fraction of synthetic organelles in smooth muscle cells from the DIT of both males and females is of a highly significant difference from the volume fraction of synthetic organelles in cells of the subjacent media. This represents a 2-fold increase in the content of synthetic organelles in the cells of the DIT. The results also show greater phenotypic variability among cells of the DIT than among cells of the media. The results are discussed in the context of smooth muscle cell phenotypic changes in cell culture and the implications of such changes in phenotypic expression in the initiation of atherogenesis.
Total Synthesis of (-)-Preswinholide A (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal Synthesis of (-)-Preswinholide AIan Paterson, Julian D. Smith, Richard A. Ward, and John G. CummingCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 6, 2615–2616Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00085a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00085a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views519Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A Phase II study of gemcitabine and docetaxel in patients with metastatic pancreatic carcinoma (2001)

The combination of gemcitabine and docetaxel in patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma is well tolerated and is associated with moderate activity despite aggressive dose reduction. Whether combination regimens are more effective than single agents in the treatment of patients with pancreatic carcinoma awaits evaluation in randomized studies.
Preclinical toxicologic evaluation of DENSPM (N1, N11-diethylnorspermine) in rats and dogs (1994)

A toxicology study of DENSPM was carried out in rats by multiple (once daily for 5 days) intravenous injection. Doses of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg DENSPM/kg were well tolerated. Infusion of 100 mg DENSPM resulted in distressing physical signs, including labored breathing, convulsive movements and acute death. There were no end-organ toxicities induced by this regimen as evaluated by serum chemistry and hematology examinations, and histopathologic exam of all major body organs. Transient hypotension was induced in rats and dogs by rapid infusion of DENSPM; the magnitude of this hypotension was decreased by slow infusion of DENSPM into dogs. Hypotension appears to be the dose-limiting toxicity of this agent when infused rapidly.
Christine Moss Helms, The Cohesion of Saudi Arabia. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1981. 320 pages, figures, appendix, bibliography, index. $28.00 (1982)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Distributed topology control for power efficient operation in multihop wireless ad hoc networks (2002)

The topology of wireless multihop ad hoc networks can be controlled by varying the transmission power of each node. We propose a simple distributed algorithm where each node makes local decisions about its transmission power and these local decisions collectively guarantee global connectivity. Specifically, based on the directional information, a node grows it transmission power until it finds a neighbor node in every direction. The resulting network topology increases the network lifetime by reducing the transmission power and reduces traffic interference by having low node degrees. Moreover, we show that the routes in the multihop network are efficient in power consumption. We give an approximation scheme in which the power consumption of each route can be made arbitrarily close to the optimal by carefully choosing the parameters. Simulation results demonstrate significant performance improvements.
Development of selective androgen receptor modulators and their therapeutic applications. (2002)

Androgens control a broad range of physiological functions. The androgen receptor (AR), a steroid receptor that mediates the diverse biological actions of androgens, is a ligand inducible transcription factor. Abnormalities in the androgen signaling system result in many disturbances ranging from changes in gender determination and sexual development to psychiatric and emotional disorders. Androgen replacement therapy can improve many clinical conditions including hypogonadism and osteoporosis, but is limited by the lack of efficacious and safe therapeutic agents with easy delivery options. Recent progress in the area of gene regulation by steroid receptors and by selective receptor modulators provides an opportunity to examine if selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) could address some of the problems associated with current androgen therapy. Since the composition of the transcriptional initiation complex recruited by liganded AR determines the specificity of gene regulation, synthetic ligands aimed at initiating transcription of tissue and promoter specific genes offers hope for developing better androgen therapy. Establishment of assays that predict synthetic ligand activity is critical for SARM development. Advancement in high throughput compound screening and gene fingerprinting technologies, such as microarrays and proteomics, will facilitate and accelerate identification of effective SARMs.
Reinforcement learning in robotics: A survey (2013)

Reinforcement learning offers to robotics a framework and set of tools for the design of sophisticated and hard-to-engineer behaviors. Conversely, the challenges of robotic problems provide both inspiration, impact, and validation for developments in reinforcement learning. The relationship between disciplines has sufficient promise to be likened to that between physics and mathematics. In this article, we attempt to strengthen the links between the two research communities by providing a survey of work in reinforcement learning for behavior generation in robots. We highlight both key challenges in robot reinforcement learning as well as notable successes. We discuss how contributions tamed the complexity of the domain and study the role of algorithms, representations, and prior knowledge in achieving these successes. As a result, a particular focus of our paper lies on the choice between model-based and model-free as well as between value-function-based and policy-search methods. By analyzing a simple problem in some detail we demonstrate how reinforcement learning approaches may be profitably applied, and we note throughout open questions and the tremendous potential for future research.
Measurement and analysis of single-hop delay on an IP backbone network (2003)

We measure and analyze the single-hop packet delay through operational routers in the Sprint Internet protocol (IP) backbone network. After presenting our delay measurements through a single router for OC-3 and OC-12 link speeds, we propose a methodology to identify the factors contributing to single-hop delay. In addition to packet processing, transmission, and queueing delay at the output link, we observe the presence of very large delays that cannot be explained within the context of a first-in first-out output queue model. We isolate and analyze these outliers. Results indicate that there is very little queueing taking place in Sprint's backbone. As link speeds increase, transmission delay decreases and the dominant part of single-hop delay is packet processing time. We show that if a packet is received and transmitted on the same linecard, it experiences less than 20 μs of delay. If the packet is transmitted across the switch fabric, its delay doubles in magnitude. We observe that processing due to IP options results in single-hop delays in the order of milliseconds. Milliseconds of delay may also be experienced by packets that do not carry IP options. We attribute those delays to router idiosyncratic behavior that affects less than 1% of the packets. Finally, we show that the queueing delay distribution is long-tailed and can be approximated with a Weibull distribution with the scale parameter a=0.5 and the shape parameter b=0.6 to 0.82.
Tumor-Specific CTL Kill Murine Renal Cancer Cells Using Both Perforin and Fas Ligand-Mediated Lysis In Vitro, But Cause Tumor Regression In Vivo in the Absence of Perforin (2002)

Kidney cancer is a devastating disease; however, biological therapies have achieved some limited success. The murine renal cancer Renca has been used as a model for developing new preclinical approaches to the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Successful cytokine-based approaches require CD8(+) T cells, but the exact mechanisms by which T cells mediate therapeutic benefit have not been completely identified. After successful biological therapy of Renca in BALB/c mice, we generated CTLs in vitro using mixed lymphocyte tumor cultures. These CTL mediated tumor-specific H-2K(d)-restricted lysis and production of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and Fas ligand (FasL) in response to Renca. CTL used both granule- and FasL-mediated mechanisms to lyse Renca, although granule-mediated killing was the predominant lytic mechanism in vitro. The cytokines IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha increased the sensitivity of Renca cells to CTL lysis by both granule- and FasL-mediated death pathways. Adoptive transfer of these anti-Renca CTL into tumor-bearing mice cured most mice of established experimental pulmonary metastases, and successfully treated mice were immune to tumor rechallenge. Interestingly, we were able to establish Renca-specific CTL from mice gene targeted for perforin (pfp(-/-)) mice. Although these pfp(-/-) CTL showed reduced cytotoxic activity against Renca, their IFN-gamma production in the presence of Renca targets was equivalent to that of wild-type CTL, and adoptive transfer of pfp(-/-) CTL was as efficient as wild-type CTL in causing regression of established Renca pulmonary metastases. Therefore, although granule-mediated killing is of paramount importance for CTL-mediated lysis in vitro, some major in vivo effector mechanisms clearly are independent of perforin.
Neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes bind to cytokine-activated kidney glomerular endothelial cells through L-selectin (LAM-1) in vitro (1992)

The role of L-selectin (LAM-1) as a regulator of leukocyte adhesion to kidney microvascular glomerular endothelial cells was assessed in vitro by using L-selectin-directed mAb and an L-selectin cDNA-transfected cell line. The initial attachment of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes to TNF-activated bovine glomerular endothelial cells was significantly inhibited by the anti-LAM1-3 mAb. Under static conditions, anti-LAM1-3 mAb inhibited neutrophil adhesion by 15 +/- 5%, whereas the anti-LAM1-10 mAb, directed against a functionally silent epitope of L-selectin, was without effect. The binding of a CD18 mAb inhibited adhesion by 47 +/- 6%. In contrast, when the assays were carried out under nonstatic conditions or at 4 degrees C, the anti-LAM1-3 mAb generated significantly greater inhibition (approximately 60%). CD18-dependent adhesion was minimal (approximately 10%) under these conditions. TNF-activated glomerular endothelial cells also supported adhesion of a mouse pre-B cell line transfected with L-selectin cDNA, but not wild-type cells. This process was also inhibited by the anti-LAM1-3 mAb. Leukocyte adhesion to unstimulated endothelial cells was independent of L-selectin, but, after TNF stimulation, L-selectin-mediated adhesion was observed at 4 h, with maximal induction persisting for 24 to 48 h. Leukocyte adhesion was not observed if glomerular endothelial cells were exposed to TNF in the presence of RNA or protein synthesis inhibitors. Leukocyte attachment to TNF-activated glomerular endothelial cells was also partially inhibited by treatment of the cells with mannose-6-phosphate or phosphomannan monoester, a soluble complex carbohydrate, or by prior treatment of glomerular endothelial cells with neuraminidase, suggesting that the glomerular endothelial cell ligand shares functional characteristics with those expressed by lymph node and large vessel endothelial cells. These data suggest that TNF activation induced the biosynthesis and surface expression of a ligand(s) for L-selectin on glomerular endothelial cells, which supports neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte attachment under nonstatic conditions.
3-D Computer Animation (1992)

An ideal self-study text, this book presents a lucid and accessible guide to modern techniques for 3-dimensional computer animation. Features includes a wealth of examples and illustrations (including a flick-book sequence and 8 pages of colour plates extensive reference section provides a complete guide to the literature on computer animatio presents the latest algorithms in a language-independent way
Changes in Elemental Sulfur Residues on Pinot noir and Cabernet Sauvignon Grape Berries During the Growing Season (1993)

Elemental sulfur residue on grape berries was determined for a Pinot noir vineyard in the Carneros region and a Cabernet Sauvignon vineyard in the Oakville area of Napa County, California. Each vineyard was divided into four quadrants. Each quadrant received two or three wettable sulfur applications prior to bloom, followed by scheduled applications of either elemental sulfur dust, triadimefon (Bayleton), fenarimol (Rubigan), or myclobutanil (Rally) according to label instructions. Residual elemental sulfur levels were determined at two-week intervals (5 sample dates) from the day after final sulfur dusting until harvest using an inductively coupled plasma spectrophotometer (ICP). Immediately after the final dusting, residual sulfur levels were 7.9 and 13.6 µg/g berry weight and decreased rapidly to 3.0 and 2.3 µg/g berry weight for the remainder of the season for Cabernet Sauvignon and Pinot noir, respectively. Residues for grape berries which were not dusted were significantly less (<i>p</i> = 0.05, Duncan9s multiple range test) and ranged from 2.5 to 0.2 and 3.1 to 0.5 µg/g berry weight for Cabernet Sauvignon and Pinot noir, respectively, for most sample dates. In comparison, 16 other vineyard blocks with differing final sulfur dust applications were sampled at harvest. Residual sulfur levels ranged from 0.9 to 2.7 µg/g berry weight.
Species-specific variation in glycosylation of IgG: evidence for the species-specific sialylation and branch-specific galactosylation and importance for engineering recombinant glycoprotein therapeutics (2000)

Immunoglobulins (IgG) are soluble serum glycoproteins in which the oligosaccharides play significant roles in the bioactivity and pharmacokinetics. Recombinant immuno-globulins (rIgG) produced in different host cells by recombinant DNA technology are becoming major therapeutic agents to treat life threatening diseases such as cancer. Since glycosylation is cell type specific, rIgGs produced in different host cells contain different patterns of oligosaccharides which could affect the biological functions. In order to determine the extent of this variation N-linked oligosaccharide structures present in the IgGs of different animal species were characterized. IgGs of human, rhesus, dog, cow, guinea pig, sheep, goat, horse, rat, mouse, rabbit, cat, and chicken were treated with peptide-N-glycosidase-F (PNGase F) and the oligosaccharides analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) for neutral and acidic oligosaccharides, in positive and negative ion modes, respectively. The data show that for neutral oligosaccharides, the proportions of terminal Gal, core Fuc and/or bisecting GlcNAc containing oligosaccharides vary from species to species; for sialylated oligosaccharides in the negative mode MALDI-TOF-MS show that human and chicken IgG contain oligosaccharides with N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA), whereas rhesus, cow, sheep, goat, horse, and mouse IgGs contain oligosaccharides with N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NGNA). In contrast, IgGs from dog, guinea pig, rat, and rabbit contain both NANA and NGNA. Further, the PNGase F released oligosaccharides were derivatized with 9-aminopyrene 1,4,6-trisulfonic acid (APTS) and analyzed by capillary electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF). The CE-LIF results indicate that the proportion of the two isomers of monogalactosylated, biantennary, complex oligosaccharides vary significantly, suggesting that the branch specificity of beta1, 4-galactosyltransferase might be different in different species. These results show that the glycosylation of IgGs is species-specific, and reveal the necessity for appropriate cell line selection to express rIgGs for human therapy. The results of this study are useful for people working in the transgenic area.