gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Light trapping properties of pyramidally textured surfaces (1987)

The light trapping properties of textured optical sheets have become of recent interest in photovoltaic energy conversion since light trapping allows a significant reduction in the thickness of active solar cell material. Previous analyses have concentrated on sheets with randomly textured (Lambertian) surfaces. The texturing of crystalline silicon substrates with anisotropic etches to give surfaces covered by square based pyramids defined by intersecting (111) crystallographic planes is a widely used technique for reflection control in silicon solar cells. This paper analyzes the light trapping properties of substrates with such pyramidally textured surfaces. Important differences are found from the case of Lambertian surfaces with practical consequences for the design of high efficiency silicon solar cells.
Expression and Purification of Thioredoxin Fusion Proteins (1994)

This unit describes a gene fusion expression system that uses thioredoxin, the product of the Escherichia coli trxA gene, as the fusion partner. The inherent thermal stability of thioredoxin and its susceptibility to quantitative release from the E. coli cytoplasm by osmotic shock can also be exploited as useful tools for thioredoxin fusion protein purification. In this protocol, a fusion of trxA to any desired gene is constructed and the resulting fusion protein is expressed in an appropriate host strain. Additional protocols describe E. coli cell lysis and fractionation, osmotic release of thioredoxin fusion proteins from the E. coli cytoplasm, and heat treatment to purify some thioredoxin fusion proteins.
Special proliferative sites are not needed for seeding and proliferation of transfused bone marrow cells in normal syngeneic mice. (1982)

The widely held view that transfused bone marrow cells will not proliferate in normal mice, not exposed to irradiation or other forms of bone marrow ablation, was reinvestigated. Forty million bone marrow cells from male donors were given to female recipients on each of 5 consecutive days, 5 to 10 times the number customarily used in the past. When the recipients were examined 2-13 weeks after the last transfusion, donor cells were found to average 16-25% of total marrow cells. Similar percentages of donor cells were found when variants of the enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase determined electrophoretically were used for identification of donor and recipient cells. Evidence is presented that the proportion of donor cells is compatible with a linear dependence on the number of cells transfused over the range tested--i.e., 20-200 million bone marrow cells injected intravenously. Special proliferative sites thus do not appear to be required.
Noninvasive molecular imaging of small living subjects using Raman spectroscopy (2008)

Molecular imaging of living subjects continues to rapidly evolve with bioluminescence and fluorescence strategies, in particular being frequently used for small-animal models. This article presents noninvasive deep-tissue molecular images in a living subject with the use of Raman spectroscopy. We describe a strategy for small-animal optical imaging based on Raman spectroscopy and Raman nanoparticles. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanoparticles and single-wall carbon nanotubes were used to demonstrate whole-body Raman imaging, nanoparticle pharmacokinetics, multiplexing, and in vivo tumor targeting, using an imaging system adapted for small-animal Raman imaging. The imaging modality reported here holds significant potential as a strategy for biomedical imaging of living subjects.
Single-chain Fv antibodies for targeting cancer therapy (1997)

Conference Article| May 01 1997 Single-chain Fv antibodies for targeting cancer therapy R. H. J. Begent; R. H. J. Begent 1CRC Targeting and Imaging Group, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar K. A. Chester K. A. Chester 1CRC Targeting and Imaging Group, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1997) 25 (2): 715–717. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0250715 Article history Received: December 12 1996 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation R. H. J. Begent, K. A. Chester; Single-chain Fv antibodies for targeting cancer therapy. Biochem Soc Trans 1 May 1997; 25 (2): 715–717. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0250715 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: ADEPT, antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy, CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen, CT, computed tomography, IMAC, immobilized metal-affinity chromatography, scFv, single-chain Fv, SPECT, single photon emission computerized tomography, VH, variable heavy region, VL, variable light region This content is only available as a PDF. © 1997 Biochemical Society1997 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Conductivity Trends of PEDOT-PSS Impregnated Fabric and the Effect of Conductivity on Electrochromic Textile (2010)

A stretchable e-textile was fabricated by simply soaking Spandex fabric in a conductive polymer aqueous dispersion, PEDOT-PSS. The resulting conductive fabric had an average conductivity of 0.1 S/cm. Subjecting the fabric to more than one soaking step increased the conductivity of the fabric up to ca. 2.0 S/cm resulting in a 33% faster switching speed. This simple methodology is not limited to Spandex (50% nylon/50% polyurethane). Several other fabric compositions were investigated for their conductivity via this process, including 100% cotton, 60% cotton/40% polyester, 95% cotton/5% Lycra, 60%polyester/40% rayon, 100% polyester, and 80% nylon/20% Spandex, listed in order of decreasing hydrophilicity. Those fabrics with higher water uptake resulted in higher conductivities upon soaking in PEDOT-PSS. Electrochromic polymers coated on the fabric could be switched between their different colored states, even upon stretching of the Spandex. SEM revealed that the electrochromic polymer coated on the substrate separated under stretching, uncovering the color of the base conducting fabric. It was found that the PEDOT-PSS was not a film on the Spandex but rather homogenously dispersed nanoparticles within the fabric matrix forming a percolated network.
Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of cDNA encoding house dust mite allergen Der f 3, serine protease from Dermatophagoides farinae (1995)

Der f 3 is one of the allergens produced by house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae showing serine protease activity. Based on its amino acid sequence, a cDNA clone encoding Der f 3 was isolated from a cDNA library of D. farinae. Sequencing analysis of the clone revealed the presence of an open reading frame of 780 bp, which encodes a mature protein of 232 amino acids with 27 amino acids of pre-pro sequence at the N-terminus. When proDer f 3 was produced in Escherichia coli as a fused protein with glutathione-S-transferase, the fused protein was accumulated as inclusion bodies. The protein purified with 8 M urea and glutathione-affinity column chromatography, however, did not show protease activity. When an arginine residue was introduced at the C-terminus of the pro-region in place of threonine, removal of the pro-region to produce an active mature protease was observed. The specificity and the activity of this recombinant protease were almost the same as those of native Der f 3.
Zero CTE polyimides for athermal optical membranes (2008)

Polyimides are attractive mirror candidate materials due to their low mass, solar radiation resistance, and cryogenic flexibility. However, polyimides exhibit high coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) values (40-70 ppm/K), inducing image distortion from CTE mismatch. Additionally, the temperature of large aperture (10 m) membranes is not uniformly controlled in space, further increasing image distortion from anisotropic deformations. The CTE of the MSRS Novastrat polyimide line was adjusted to exhibit CTEs between -16 ppm/K and 53 ppm/K, including 0 ppm/K, 10 ppm/K, 17 ppm/K, and 25 ppm/K corresponding with CTE matches of graphite/epoxy, carbon steel, copper, and aluminum (respectively). The development of these CTE-matched membranes is presented, as well as the effect of the CTE adjustment on the mechanical properties.
Physical interaction between RRS1-R, a protein conferring resistance to bacterial wilt, and PopP2, a type III effector targeted to the plant nucleus (2003)

RRS1-R confers broad-spectrum resistance to several strains of the causal agent of bacterial wilt, Ralstonia solanacearum. Although genetically defined as recessive, this R gene encodes a protein whose structure combines the TIR-NBS-LRR domains found in several R proteins and a WRKY motif characteristic of some plant transcriptional factors and behaves as a dominant gene in transgenic susceptible plants. Here we show that PopP2, a R. solanacearum type III effector, which belongs to the YopJ/AvrRxv protein family, is the avirulence protein recognized by RRS1-R. Furthermore, an interaction between PopP2 and both RRS1-R and RRS1-S, present in the resistant Nd-1 and susceptible Col-5 Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes, respectively, was detected by using the yeast split-ubiquitin two-hybrid system. This interaction, which required the full-length R protein, was not observed between the RRS1 proteins and PopP1, another member of the YopJ/AvrRxv family present in strain GMI1000 and that confers avirulence in Petunia. We further demonstrate that both the Avr protein and the RRS1 proteins colocalize in the nucleus and that the nuclear localization of the RRS1 proteins are dependent on the presence of PopP2.
The Effects of Cytochalasin and Colchicine on Interferon Production (1976)

SUMMARY The present study was undertaken to investigate the mechanism of interferon production by mouse spleen cells co-cultivated with BHK-HVJ cells, i.e. baby hamster kidney cells persistently infected with the HVJ (or Sendai) strain of parainfluenza 1 virus. Cytochalasin B appears to inhibit an early stage in the process and colchicine a relatively late stage. It is suggested that microfilaments and microtubules may play an important role at an initial stage of interferon production in this system.
Simulation and testing of a graded negative index of refraction lens (2005)

A gradient index (GRIN) lens using a negative index of refraction material (NIM) has been designed and tested. The GRIN lens was fabricated using a NIM slab with a variable index of refraction perpendicular to the propagation direction. Ray tracing calculations based on the isotropic Eikonal equation determined the index of refraction gradient required for a given focal length. An electromagnetic code was then used to design the required ring and wire unit cells. Finally, the index of refraction was approximated using ten discrete steps in an effective medium simulation for the GRIN lens that agreed with the experimental measurements.
ATP‐Stabilized Amorphous Calcium Carbonate Nanospheres and Their Application in Protein Adsorption (2014)

Calcium carbonate is a common substance found in rocks worldwide, and is the main biomineral formed in shells of marine organisms and snails, pearls and eggshells. Amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) is the least stable polymorph of calcium carbonate, which is so unstable under normal conditions that it is difficult to be prepared in vitro because it rapidly crystallizes to form one of the more stable polymorphs in aqueous solution. Herein, we report the successful synthesis of highly stable ACC nanospheres in vitro using adenosine 5'-triphosphate disodium salt (ATP) as a stabilizer. The effect of ATP on the stability of ACC nanospheres is investigated. Our experiments show that ATP plays an unique role in the stabilization of ACC nanospheres in aqueous solution. Moreover, the as-prepared ACC nanospheres are highly stable in phosphate buffered saline for a relatively long period of time (12 days) even under relatively high concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions. The cytotoxicity tests show that the as-prepared highly stable ACC nanospheres have excellent biocompatibility. The highly stable ACC nanospheres have high protein adsorption capacity, implying that they are promising for applications in biomedical fields such as drug delivery and protein adsorption.
Measuring Stokes parameters by means of a polarization grating (1999)

Ordinary gratings act on the amplitude and (or) the phase of a wave front. Polarization gratings produce instead a periodic modulation of the state of polarization. A simple grating of the latter type is constituted by a linear polarizer whose orientation varies periodically along a line. It is shown that, for a generic polarization state of the incident field, such a grating gives rise to first-order diffracted beams with counterrotating circular polarizations. It is also shown that such a grating can be used for measuring the Stokes parameters of a light beam in an achromatic manner. Several extensions are briefly discussed.
Programmed Death Ligand-1 Immunohistochemistry— A New Challenge for Pathologists: A Perspective From Members of the Pulmonary Pathology Society (2016)

The binding of programmed death ligand-1 and ligand-2 (PD-L1 and PD-L2) to PD-1 blocks T-cell-mediated immune response to tumor. Antibodies that target programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) will block the ligand-receptor interface, thereby allowing T cells to attack the tumor and increase antitumor immune response. In clinical trials, PD-1 inhibitors have been associated with an approximately 20% overall response rate in unselected patients with non-small cell lung cancer, with sustained tumor response in a subset of patients treated by these immune checkpoint inhibitors. Facing a proliferation of PD-L1 immunohistochemistry clones, staining platforms, and scoring criteria, the pathologist must decide on the feasibility of introducing a newly approved companion diagnostic assay that may require purchase not only of a specific antibody kit but of a particular staining platform. Given the likely reality that clinical practice may, in the near future, demand access to 4 different PD-L1 antibodies coupled with different immunohistochemistry platforms, laboratories will be challenged with deciding among this variety of testing methods, each with its own potential benefits. Another immediate challenge to PD-L1 testing in lung cancer patients is that of access to adequate tumor tissue, given that non-small cell lung cancer samples are often extremely limited in size. With PD-L1 testing it has become clear that the historically used US regulatory approach of one assay-one drug will not be sustainable. One evolving concept is that of complementary diagnostics, a novel regulatory pathway initiated by the US Food and Drug Administration, which is distinct from companion diagnostics in that it may present additional flexibility. Although pathologists need to face the practical reality that oncologists will be asking regularly for the PD-L1 immunohistochemistry status of their patients' tumors, we should also keep in mind that there may be room for improvement of biomarkers for immunotherapy response. The field is rich with opportunities for investigation into biomarkers of immunotherapy response, particularly in the form of collaborative, multidisciplinary studies that incorporate oncologists, pathologists, and basic scientists. Pathologists must take the lead in the rational incorporation of these biomarkers into clinical practice.
Multicentric comparison of single portion reagents and liquid reagents for thromboelastometry (2009)

Thromboelastometry ROTEM (Pentapharm, Munich, Germany) is a viscoelastic method of whole blood clotting assessment with applications in perioperative hemostasis and hematology. The different tests available for the investigation of distinct coagulation aspects are performed with combinations of liquid reagents. The use of liquid reagents for the ROTEM measurement requires several pipetting steps, which complicates their application in clinical routine even though pipetting is performed semiautomatically. New single portion reagents (SPR) containing in one vial all lyophilized reagents necessary for each test have been recently developed. SPR require only addition of blood into the single-use reagent vial in a unique pipetting step in order to mix reagents with the blood sample. Our study compared SPR and standard liquid reagents (Pentapharm) in 21 blood samples from normal subjects and 46 samples from patients in three study centers. Following ROTEM tests were performed: EXTEM (extrinsically activated TEM), INTEM (intrinsically activated TEM), FIBTEM (fibrin-based TEM), APTEM (aprotinin-controlled TEM) and HEPTEM (heparin-insensitive TEM). In the second part of the study, the stability of SPR at 37 degrees C was also assessed on 23 blood samples in one center. Very good correlation was found between SPR and liquid reagents for all clotting parameters (correlation coefficient between 0.85-0.99). The SPR reagents showed excellent stability against thermic stress and the measurements were easier to perform than with the conventional liquid reagents system.
CD81 Is Required for Hepatitis C Virus Glycoprotein-Mediated Viral Infection (2004)

CD81 has been described as a putative receptor for hepatitis C virus (HCV); however, its role in HCV cell entry has not been characterized due to the lack of an efficient cell culture system. We have examined the role of CD81 in HCV glycoprotein-dependent entry by using a recently developed retroviral pseudotyping system. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pseudotypes bearing HCV E1E2 glycoproteins show a restricted tropism for human liver cell lines. Although all of the permissive cell lines express CD81, CD81 expression alone is not sufficient to allow viral entry. CD81 is required for HIV-HCV pseudotype infection since (i) a monoclonal antibody specific for CD81 inhibited infection of susceptible target cells and (ii) silencing of CD81 expression in Huh-7.5 hepatoma cells by small interfering RNAs inhibited HIV-HCV pseudotype infection. Furthermore, expression of CD81 in human liver cells that were previously resistant to infection, HepG2 and HH29, conferred permissivity of HCV pseudotype infection. The characterization of chimeric CD9/CD81 molecules confirmed that the large extracellular loop of CD81 is a determinant for viral entry. These data suggest a functional role for CD81 as a coreceptor for HCV glycoprotein-dependent viral cell entry.
Monoclonal Antibodies to the E1 and E2 Glycoproteins of Sindbis Virus: Definition of Epitopes and Efficiency of Protection from Fatal Encephalitis (1988)

Protection of mice from fatal neuroadapted Sindbis virus encephalitis can be accomplished by passive transfer of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to either the E1 or E2 glycoprotein of Sindbis virus. Both neutralizing and non-neutralizing MAbs can be protective. To define further the characteristics of MAbs that provide protection from fatal disease, antigenic epitopes on the E1 and E2 glycoproteins were identified using a competitive binding enzyme immunoassay. Four distinct epitopes on E1 and three on E2 were defined. MAbs to all E1 epitopes, both neutralizing (three) and non-neutralizing (one) protected mice from fatal encephalitis. MAbs to the E2 neutralizing epitopes (two) protected mice from fatal encephalitis while those to the non-neutralizing epitope did not. The efficiency of protection from fatal Sindbis virus encephalitis of four neutralizing and non-neutralizing protective anti-E1 and anti-E2 MAbs representing different epitopes was compared. The neutralizing MAbs (against epitopes E2-ab, E2-c and E1-c) gave 50% protection at lower doses (2 to 20 micrograms) than the non-neutralizing MAb representing epitope E1-e (150 micrograms) when given before virus challenge. When given after virus challenge, MAbs to E2-ab and E2-c protected at lower doses (0.03 to 0.3 micrograms) than did either MAbs to E1-c (greater than 100 micrograms) or E1-e (10 micrograms). The MAbs to E1-e, E2-ab and E2-c were required in larger amounts to afford protection before than after challenge, while the opposite was true for MAb to E1-c.
Cellular carboxypeptidases (1998)

This article focuses on four human carboxypeptidases (CPs): two metallo-CPs and two serine CPs. The metallo-CPs are members of the so-called B-type regulatory CP family, as they cleave only the C-terminal basic amino acids Arg or Lys. The plasma membrane-bound CPM and the mainly, but not exclusively, intracellular CPD are surveyed from this group of enzymes. These enzymes can regulate peptide hormone activity at the cell surface and possibly intracellularly after receptor-mediated endocytosis and may also participate in peptide hormone processing. The serine CPs, as their name indicates, contain a serine residue in the active center essential for catalytic activity that reacts with organophosphorus inhibitors. Prolylcarboxypeptidase (PRCP) (angiotensinase C) and deamidase (cathepsin A, lysosomal protective protein) are discussed here. These two enzymes are highly concentrated in lysosomes; however, they may also be active extracellularly after their release from lysosomes in soluble form or in a plasma membrane-bound complex. Whereas deamidase cleaves a variety of peptides with C-terminal or penultimate hydrophobic residues (e.g. substance P, angiotensin I, bradykinin, endothelin, fMet-Leu-Phe). PRCP cleaves only peptides with a penultimate Pro residue (e.g. des-Arg9-bradykinin, angiotensin II). These enzymes may also be involved in terminating signal transduction by inactivating peptide ligands after receptor endocytosis.
The U5 and U6 Small Nuclear RNAs as Active Site Components of the Spliceosome (1993)

Five small nuclear RNAs (U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6) participate in precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) splicing. To probe their interactions within the active center of the mammalian spliceosome, substrates containing a single photoactivatable 4-thiouridine residue adjacent to either splice site were synthesized, and crosslinks were induced during the course of in vitro splicing. An invariant loop sequence in U5 small nuclear RNA contacts exon 1 before and after the first step of splicing because a crosslink between U5 and the last residue of exon 1 appeared in the pre-mRNA and then in the cutoff exon 1 intermediate. Both of these crosslinked species could undergo subsequent splicing, indicating that the crosslinks reflect a functional interaction that is maintained through both reaction steps. The same U5 loop aligns the two exons for ligation since the first residue of exon 2 also became crosslinked to U5 in the lariat intermediate. An invariant sequence in U6 RNA became crosslinked to the conserved second position of the intron within both the lariat intermediate and the lariat intron product. On the basis of these results, several conformational arrangements of small nuclear RNAs within the spliceosomal active center can be distinguished, and additional mechanistic parallels between the spliceosome and self-splicing introns can be drawn.
Hyperbaric Oxygenation Therapy Alleviates Chronic Constrictive Injury–Induced Neuropathic Pain and Reduces Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Production (2011)

These data show that HBOT alleviates CCI-induced neuropathic pain and inhibits endoneuronal TNF-α production, but not IL-1β in CCI-induced neuropathic pain. Reduced TNF-α production may, at least in part, contribute to the beneficial effect of HBOT.