gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression and location of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein BAD in normal human tissues and tumor cell lines. (1998)

The BAD protein is a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family whose ability to heterodimerize with survival proteins such as Bcl-X(L) and to promote cell death is inhibited by phosphorylation. Monoclonal antibodies were generated against the human BAD protein and used to evaluate its expression by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry in normal human tissues and by immunoblot analysis of the National Cancer Institute anti-cancer drug screening panel of 60 human tumor cell lines. BAD protein was detectable by immunoblotting in many normal tissues, with testis, breast, colon, and spleen being among those with the highest steady-state levels. Immunostaining of tissues revealed many examples of cell-type-specific expression of BAD, suggesting dynamic regulation of BAD protein levels in vivo. In many types of normal cells, BAD immunoreactivity was associated with cytosolic organelles resembling mitochondria, suggesting that BAD is often heterodimerized with other Bcl-2 family proteins in vivo. The relative levels of BAD protein varied widely among established human tumor cell lines, with colon, lung, and melanomas generally having the highest expression. As a group, hematopoietic and lymphoid lines contained the least BAD protein. The BAD protein derived from 11 of 41 tumor lines that expressed this pro-apoptotic protein migrated in gels as a clear doublet, consistent with the presence of hyperphosphorylated BAD protein. Taken together, these findings define for the first time the normal cell-type-specific patterns of expression and intracellular locations of the BAD protein in vivo and provide insights into the regulation of this pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein in human tumors.
Extended cyclability in electrically-alterable read-only-memories (1982)

An electrically-alterable read-only-memory using silicon dioxide and silicon-rich silicon dioxide layers capable of being cycled ≳ 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> times by minimizing electron charge trapping in the SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> layers of the device by incorporation of small amounts of silicon is reported for the first time. Charge transfer to and from a floating polycrystalline silicon layer from a control gate electrode is accomplished by means of a modified dual-electron-injector-structure stack. This modified stack has the intervening silicon dioxide layer, which is sandwiched between silicon-rich silicon dioxide injectors, replaced by a slightly off-stoichiometric oxide containing between 1% and 6% excess atomic silicon above the normal 33% found in silicon dioxide. A brief discussion of a physical model which is believed to account for the observed phenomenon is given.
Construction of a mouse blastocyst cDNA library by PCR amplification from total RNA (1996)

Studies of the development and differentiation of early mammalian embryos have been severely limited by the paucity of material. Such studies have been largely restricted to the examination of abundant genes/proteins or to developmental expression studies of known genes for which DNA sequence data are available, allowing the use of reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction amplification (RT-PCR). To eliminate the need for hundreds or thousands of oocytes or embryos in the construction of representative cDNA libraries, we describe a technique for generating and cloning cDNA using small caesium chloride gradient centrifugation to isolate total RNA from oocytes or embryos, followed by RT-PCR of mRNA from this total RNA. Total RNA was isolated from 70 mouse blastocysts. A portion of the cDNA generated (equivalent to seven blastocysts) was cloned, yielding a mouse blastocyst cDNA library of 1 million clones. We show that the library is representative in that it contains beta-actin, intracisternal A-type particles, tissue plasminogen activator, and B1 and B2 repetitive elements in frequencies comparable with published data from conventionally constructed libraries and estimates of mRNA abundance from expression studies. Furthermore, DNA sequencing of 22 clones chosen at random and compared with DNA sequence databases shows that approximately half are novel sequences. These data demonstrate that representative cDNA libraries can be constructed in situations where cell numbers are limiting and will facilitate the isolation of novel and interesting clones.
Hypertext paradigm in the field of information retrieval (1993)

of the hypertext paradigm to information retrieval requires 1) an automatic generation of hypertext links, 2) a compact graphical representation of the data. After a brief review of the family of neural algorithms required for deriving a compact and relevant representation of a documentary database, as well as links between synthetic "topics" and documents, we present a user interfaee based on these grounds. This representation is two-step : 1) a global topics map, 2) local topic axes, ranking both terms and documents according to the values of their "centrality index". A prototype, running in a Macintosh environment and implementing a basic version of this browser, is then described and commented.
Potent N-(1,3-Thiazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-amine Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors with Excellent Pharmacokinetics and Low Affinity for the hERG Ion Channel (2004)

A series of N-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-amine KDR kinase inhibitors have been developed that possess optimal properties. Compounds have been discovered that exhibit excellent in vivo potency. The particular challenges of overcoming hERG binding activity and QTc increases in vivo in addition to achieving good pharmacokinetics have been acomplished by discovering a unique class of amine substituents. These compounds have a favorable kinase selectivity profile that can be accentuated with appropriate substitution.
Pyroptosis and neurological diseases (2014)

OAE Publishing Inc. is an international scholarly publisher specializing in peer-reviewed academic journals. To promote academic exchange and knowledge sharing, OAE provides an outstanding academic platform for biomedical experts and scholars all over the world.
Compact and Cost-Effective Lensless Telemedicine Microscopy for Global Health Applications (2011)

We demonstrate a telemedicine microscopy platform which operates based on lens free digital holography. It utilizes an incoherent light-source and an opto-electronic sensor-array to record lens free holograms of micro-objects within a sample, which are then rapidly processed using custom-developed algorithms to provide microscopic images of the samples without the use of any lenses, lasers or other bulky optical/mechanical components. This holographic-microscope achieves sub-cellular resolution over a field-of-view of ~24 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> which is >;20 fold larger than a typical 10X objective-lens field-of-view. We implemented this lens free microscopy platform on a compact stand-alone unit (~46 grams with dimensions of ~4.2 × 4.2 × 5.8 cm) as well as on a commercially-available cell-phone which is modified with a light-weight attachment (~38 grams). The imaging performance of these lens free telemedicine-microscopes is demonstrated using several micro-objects including blood cells and water-borne parasites.
Serum leucine aminopeptidase estimation: a sensitive prognostic indicator of invasiveness in breast carcinoma. (1989)

Serum Leucine Aminopeptidase (LAP) was studied in 25 patients of breast tumors, and compared with 50 age matched controls. Clinical staging was done in 13 cases of breast carcinoma. Serum LAP was increased but not significantly in stage I (P less than 0.1), while in stage II & III, significant increase was observed (P less than 0.05), but a sharp peak was noted in stage IV with metastasis in liver (P less than 0.001). Serum LAP values were correlated with histological sub-types of breast carcinoma. Highest serum LAP values were observed in filtrating duct carcinoma with productive fibrosis (P less than 0.01), followed by medullary carcinoma and the enzyme values were slightly decreased in intraductal carcinomas.
Biosynthesis of enterobacterial common antigen in Escherichia coli. Biochemical characterization of Tn10 insertion mutants defective in enterobacterial common antigen synthesis. (1990)

Twelve independent Tn10 insertion mutants of Escherichia coli K12 were isolated that were defective in the synthesis of enterobacterial common antigen (ECA). The mutants were identified by screening a random pool of Tn10 insertion mutants for their ECA phenotype using a colony-immunoblot assay. All 12 of the Tn10 insertion mutants were found to be located in the chromosomal region of the rff-rfe genes. Four of the Tn10 insertions were in rfe genes while the remaining eight Tn10 insertions were in rff genes. All of the rfe::Tn10 insertion mutants were defective in the synthesis of GlcNAc-pyrophosphorylundecaprenol (C55-PP-GlcNAc, lipid I), the first lipid-linked intermediate involved in ECA synthesis. Biochemical characterization of the rff::Tn10 insertion mutants revealed that they were defective in various steps of ECA synthesis subsequent to the synthesis of lipid I. These defects included: (i) the inability to synthesize UDP-ManNAcA due to Tn10 insertions in the structural genes for UDP-GlcNAc-2-epimerase (rffE) and UDP-ManNAcA (N-acetyl-D-mannosaminuronic acid) dehydrogenase (rffD), (ii) defects in the synthesis of C55-GlcNAc-ManNAcA (lipid II) due to insertion of transposon Tn10 in the structural gene for the UDP-ManNAcA transferase (rffM), (iii) the inability to synthesize TDP-Fuc4NAc (4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-D-galactose) due to Tn10 insertions in the structural gene for the transaminase that catalyzes the conversion of TDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose to TDP-4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-D-galactose (rffA), and (iv) defects in steps subsequent to the synthesis of C55-GlcNAc-ManNAcA-Fuc4NAc (lipid III). In addition, a re-examination of a mutant possessing the rff-726 lesion revealed that it was defective in the synthesis of lipid III due to a defect in the structural gene for the Fuc4NAc transferase (rffT).
CaMKII-Dependent Diastolic SR Ca 2+ Leak and Elevated Diastolic Ca 2+ Levels in Right Atrial Myocardium of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation (2010)

Increased CaMKII-dependent phosphorylation of RyR2 leads to increased SR Ca(2+) leak in human AF, causing elevated cytosolic Ca(2+) levels, thereby providing a potential arrhythmogenic substrate that could trigger or maintain AF.
Pyrolyzed cobalt porphyrin-based conjugated mesoporous polymers as bifunctional catalysts for hydrogen production and oxygen evolution in water (2016)

In this present study, a series of cobalt porphyrin-based conjugated mesoporous polymers (CoP-nph-CMP, n = 2, 3, 4) were fabricated as catalyst precursors to generate bifunctional catalysts via pyrolysis (CoP-nph-CMP-800, n = 2, 3, 4) for both the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Among these catalysts, CoP-2ph-CMP-800 exhibited the best catalytic activity with quite a low overpotential for both the OER (η = 370 mV for 10 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>) and the HER (η = 360 mV for 10 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>). Moreover, their excellent bifunctional catalytic performance was also explored in the overall water splitting test (η = 760 mV for 10 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>).
Characterization of Borrelia coriaceae antigens with monoclonal antibodies (1991)

Three monoclonal antibodies (F6F3, F6B11, and F6B3) were developed against Borrelia coriaceae antigens. All three antibodies appeared to be specific for this species and did not cross-react with Borrelia burgdorferi (strains B31 and IRS), Borrelia hermsii, Borrelia anserina, Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo, or Treponema hyodysenteriae, as determined by indirect fluorescent antibody staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western immunoblot analysis. Only one of these antibodies, F6B3, bound to spirochetes present in organ smears from the argasid tick, Ornithodoros coriaceus. The antigens recognized by F6F3, F6B11, and F6B3 have apparent molecular weights of ca. 37,000, 35,000, and 16,000, respectively, as determined by Western blot analysis. Antigens were analyzed by immune electron microscopy as well as Western blot and indirect fluorescent antibody staining analysis of spirochetes after enzyme (trypsin and protease K) and detergent (Triton X-100) treatments. These studies suggest that all three antigens are integral membrane proteins. The characteristics of the 37K and 35K proteins are consistent with the outer surface proteins of B. burgdorferi (OSP A and OSP B) described by Barbour et al. (A. G. Barbour, S. L. Tessier, and S. F. Hayes, Infect. Immun. 45:94-100, 1984), while data regarding the 16K protein are less conclusive but may suggest a cytoplasmic membrane location. We suggest that the 37K, 35K, and 16K antigens be designated integral membrane proteins A, B, and C, respectively, as a result of these studies.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Tau and β-Amyloid (2003)

Elevated CSF tau levels are associated with AD pathology and can help discriminate AD from other dementing disorders. However, some patients with AD have a level less than the mean +/- 2 SDs of the cognitively normal cohort.
Evaluation of radiation tolerance of perovskite solar cell for use in space (2015)

Perovskite solar cells are a candidate for use as space solar cells, and their radiation response is studied here for the first time. Perovskite solar cells are fabricated on a quartz substrate to prevent substrate degradation, which might otherwise affect the evaluation of radiation tolerance of the cells. As a result, superior radiation tolerance of perovskite solar cells is indicated from the comparison of output performance of the cells before and after 1-MeV electron irradiation with fluence as high as 1 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">16</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> . The short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, and external quantum efficiency do not deteriorate under electron irradiation. These results suggest that perovskite solar cells are likely to be useful for space application.
Sensitization of rat glioblastoma multiforme to cisplatin in vivo following restoration of wild-type p53 function (1998)

The findings of this study suggest that p53-based gene therapy in combination with cisplatin-based chemotherapy may be superior to single-modality treatment in dealing with glioblastoma multiforme.
Adhesive Performance of Biomimetic Adhesive-Coated Biologic Scaffolds (2010)

Surgical repair of a discontinuity in traumatized or degenerated soft tissues is traditionally accomplished using sutures. A current trend is to reinforce this primary repair with surgical grafts, meshes, or patches secured with perforating mechanical devices (i.e., sutures, staples, or tacks). These fixation methods frequently lead to chronic pain and mesh detachment. We developed a series of biodegradable adhesive polymers that are synthetic mimics of mussel adhesive proteins (MAPs), composed of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA)-derivatives, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polycaprolactone (PCL). These polymers can be cast into films, and their mechanical properties, extent of swelling, and degradation rate can be tailored through the composition of the polymers as well as blending with additives. When coated onto a biologic mesh used for hernia repair, these adhesive constructs demonstrated adhesive strengths significantly higher than fibrin glue. With further development, a precoated bioadhesive mesh may represent a new surgical option for soft tissue repair.
Developmental and cell type‐specific expression of the neuronal marker NeuN in the murine cerebellum (2003)

NeuN is a 46/48-kD nuclear protein antigen used widely to identify postmitotic neurons in both research and diagnostics. It is expressed by neurons throughout the nervous system of a variety of species, including birds, rodents, and man (Mullen et al. [1992] Development 116:201-211). When we sought to use NeuN to follow the developmental progression of murine cerebellar interneurons, we observed that expression of this antigen in the cerebellum was restricted to granule neurons and a small population of cells present in the lower molecular layer of the adult cerebellum. In an attempt to identify these cells, we combined immunostaining for NeuN with a panel of cell type-specific markers to unambiguously identify neurons that express NeuN in the adult and developing cerebellum. In contrast to postmitotic granule neurons, NeuN was not expressed by any other immunocytochemically identified cerebellar interneurons, which comprised basket and stellate cells, Golgi neurons, unipolar brush cells, and Lugaro cells. NeuN-positive cells in the molecular layer failed to express any cell type-specific markers tested. They may represent ectopic granule cells; alternatively, they may represent a hitherto unknown population of cerebellar cells. In vitro experiments suggest that NeuN expression is related closely to granule cell axogenesis. This approach also revealed that the level of NeuN expression could be modulated by chronically depolarizing these cells. Thus, whereas NeuN expression per se is a reliable marker of proliferative capacity, levels of NeuN expression may also be indicative of the physiological status of a postmitotic neuron.
Applied Combustion Diagnostics (2002)

Preface 1. Introduction Part I. Techniques 2. Detection of Minor Species with Laser Techniques Kermit C Smyth and David R Crosley 3. Coherent Techniques for Measurements with Intermediate Concentrations Thomas Dreier and Paul Ewart 4. Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy for Concentration Measurements Andrew McIIroy and Jay B Jeffries 5. Short-Pulse Techniques: Picosecond Fluorescence, Energy Transfer and 'Quench-Free' Measurements Andreas Brockhinke and Mark A Linne 6. Measurement of Temperature in Laboratory Flames and Practical Devices Winifried P Stricker 7. Flow Field Diagnostics Richard B Miles 8. Multi-Dimensional Diagnostics in Space and Time Clemens F Kaminski and Marshall B Long 9. Laser-Induced Incandecence Robert J Santoro and Christopher R Shaddix Part II. Applications 10. Fuel-Rich Chemistry and Soot Precursors Burak Atakan, Heidi Bohm and Katharina Kohse-Hoinghaus 11. Combustion Chemistry of Fire Supression Bradley A Williams 12. Sum-Frequency Generation (SFG) Vibrational Spectroscopy As a Means for the Investigation of Catalytic Combustion Hans-Robert Volpp and Jurgen Wolfrum 13. Pah and Soot Diagnostics by Optical Techniques Alfred Leipertz, Frederik Ossler and Marcus Alden 14. Multiscalar Diagnostics in Turbulent Flames Robert S Barlow, Campbell D Carter and Robert W Pitz 15. Laser Diagnostics for Droplet Measurements for the Study of Fuel Injection and Mixing in Gas Turbines and I C Engines Douglas A Greenhalgh and Mark Jermy 16. Optical Measurements in Di Diesel Engines Thierry Baritaud 17. Optical Diagnostics in Di Gasoline Engines Werner Hentschel 18. Tunable Diode Laser Sensing and Combustion Control Mark G Allen, Edward R Furlong and Ronald K Hanson Part III. Perspectives 19. Diagnostics for Detailed Kinetic Modeling Gregory P Smith 20. Diagnostics For Catalytic Combustion Olaf Deutschmann and Jurgen Warnatz 21. Sensor Requirements for Combustion Control Nicolas Docquier and Sebastien Candel 22. Diagnostic Challenges for Gas Turbine Combustor Model Validation Andreas Dreizler and Johannes Janicka 23. Opportunities for Diagnostics in the Combustion Synthesis of Materials Kenneth Brezinsky 24. Diagnostic Requirements for Toxic Emission Control Catherine P Koshland and Susan L Fischer 25. On-Line Trace Analysis for Time-Resolved Monitoring of Organic Combustion Effluents Ulrich Boesl 26. Tunable Infrared Laser Differential Absorption Spectroscopy (Tildas) Sensors for Combustion Exhaust Pollutant Quantification M S Zahniser, D D Nelson and C E Kolb 27. Continuing Developments Abbreviations Permissions Index
Real-Time Scheduling and Computer Accompaniment (2018)

Some of the most interesting applications of computers in music involve real-time computer music systems.
Isolation, Characterization, Gene Modification, and Nuclear Reprogramming of Porcine Mesenchymal Stem Cells1 (2005)

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult pluripotent cells that are considered to be an important resource for human cell-based therapies. Understanding the clinical potential of MSCs may require their use in preclinical large-animal models, such as pigs. The objectives of the present study were 1) to establish porcine MSC (pMSC) cultures; 2) to optimize in vitro pMSC culture conditions, 3) to investigate whether pMSCs are amenable to genetic manipulation, and 4) to determine pMSC reprogramming potential using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). The pMSCs isolated from bone marrow grew, attached to plastic with a fibroblast-like morphology, and expressed the mesenchymal surface marker THY1 but not the hematopoietic marker ITGAM. Furthermore, pMSCs underwent lipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic differentiation when exposed to specific inducing conditions. The pMSCs grew well in a variety of media, and proliferative capacity was enhanced by culture under low oxygen atmosphere. Transient transduction of pMSCs and isogenic skin fibroblasts (SFs) with a human adenovirus carrying the gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP; Ad5-F35eGFP) resulted in more pMSCs expressing GFP compared with SFs. Cell lines with stable genetic modifications and extended expression of transgene were obtained when pMSCs were transfected with a plasmid containing the GFP gene. Infection of pMSC and SF cell lines by an adeno-associated virus resulted in approximately 12% transgenic cells, which formed transgenic clonal lines after propagation as single cells. The pMSCs can be expanded in vitro and used as nuclear donors to produce SCNT embryos. Thus, pMSCs are an attractive cell type for large-animal autologous and allogenic cell therapy models and for SCNT transgenesis.
Development of a Printable Enzymatic Fuel Cell Mediated by Organic and Transition Metal-Based Redox Species (2008)

Abstract not Available.
Light Emission from Inelastic Electron Tunneling (1976)

We report the discovery of a new method for the generation of light. This technique yields a broad-band light source with a high frequency linear cutoff which is dependent only upon the applied voltage through the quantum relation $h{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\mathrm{co}}=|\mathrm{eV}|$. The light source consists of a metal-insulator-metal tunneling junction. The effect can be interpreted in terms of inelastic tunneling excitation of optically coupled surface plasmon modes.
The importance of early diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. (2004)

Patients with clinically isolated events should be referred promptly to a neurologist for assessment, including MRI scans. An early recognition of the inflammatory process enables patients to begin treatment with an immunomodulatory agent even before the technical diagnosis of definite MS so that the degenerative progression of MS can be retarded.