gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of both stage I and stage II mouse skin tumour promotion by retinoic acid and the dependence of inhibition of tumor promotion on the duration of retinoic acid treatment. (1987)

Retinoic acid is a potent inhibitor of mouse skin tumor promotion by the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). We have further evaluated the effect of retinoic acid on the stages of tumor promotion and also analyzed the effect of duration of retinoic acid treatment on mouse skin tumor promotion by TPA. In a number of independent experiments, either with female CD-1 or SENCAR mice, we failed to observe a specificity of inhibition by retinoic acid of either Stage I or Stage II tumor promotion. In a typical experiment with SENCAR mice, application of 34 nmol of retinoic acid concurrently with each application of either TPA (3.2 nmol) or mezerein (3.2 nmol) to initiated (with 10 nmol 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene) skin equally inhibited promotion of skin papilloma formation. Furthermore, sustained inhibition of tumor promotion by retinoic acid required a continuous application of retinoic acid in conjunction with each promotional treatment with TPA; if retinoic acid treatment was discontinued, TPA treatment elicited tumor formation. These results indicate: (a) retinoic acid inhibits both Stage I and Stage II of tumor promotion; and (b) inhibition of tumor promotion exhibits retinoic acid dependency.
Naproxen and paracetamol compared with naproxen only in coxarthrosis: Increased effect of the combination in 18 patients (1993)

In a double-blind study of 18 patients with coxarthrosis the effect of 3 naproxen doses (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 g daily) and 2 naproxen doses combined with paracetamol (0.5 g + 4 g daily and 1.0 g + 4 g daily) was investigated. Plasma levels of naproxen and paracetamol were measured (HPLC), and clinical assessment of pain, joint movement, activity of daily life and side-effects were performed at the end of the 5 treatment periods. A relationship was found between the 3 naproxen doses, naproxen plasma levels, pain at rest, and pain during movement. The combined treatment was more effective than treatment with the same naproxen dose alone. The effect of naproxen (0.5 g daily) combined with paracetamol (4 g daily) did not differ from that obtained during treatment with higher naproxen doses only. Furthermore, the effect of the highest naproxen dose was not better than the effect of the lower naproxen dose (1.0 g daily) combined with paracetamol. The main finding was that treatment with naproxen and paracetamol is more effective than treatment with higher naproxen doses alone.
Protein-Polysaccharide Conjugation (2003)

The use of bacterial capsular polysaccharides as immunoprophylactic agents in human diseases caused by encapsulated bacteria is now firmly established (1). However, despite their many advantages, they do have serious limitations. First, they induce an inadequate immune response in infants (2), the section of the population most vulnerable to bacterial meningitis, and second, some polysaccharides are only weakly immunogenic in adults. To overcome these deficiencies, a new generation of semisynthetic vaccines have been developed based on the conjugation of polysaccharide to protein carriers.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibition Improves Impaired Glucose Tolerance in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats: Study Using a Fischer 344 Rat Substrain Deficient in Its Enzyme Activity (2002)

This study was performed to determine the effects of a high-fat diet on glucose metabolism after an oral glucose challenge in high-fat diet-fed dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) positive (+) and deficient (-) Fischer 344 (F344) rats and the effects of novel DPP-IV inhibitor NVP-DPP728 (1-[2-[(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)amino]ethylamino]acetyl-2-cyano-(S)-pyrrolidine monohydrochloride salt) on glucose tolerance in high-fat diet-fed F344 rats. In DPP-IV(+) rats, a high-fat diet load caused impaired glucose tolerance, such as increases of plasma insulin and blood glucose concentrations after oral glucose challenge, compared with a standard chow-fed group. In contrast, no marked change in glucose tolerance was induced by the high-fat diet in DPP-IV(-) rats. Blood glucose concentrations in DPP-IV(-) rats after glucose challenge were significantly lower than in DPP-IV(+) rats under high-fat diet load conditions. In standard chow and high-fat diet-fed DPP-IV(+) rats, NVP-DPP728 significantly suppressed glucose excursions after glucose challenge by inhibiting the plasma DPP-IV activity, associated with the stimulation of early insulin secretion. NVP-DPP728 did not affect glucose tolerance in DPP-IV(-) rats under both conditions. These results indicate that the amelioration of glucose tolerance by NVP-DPP728 in DPP-IV(+) rats was directly due to the inhibition of plasma DPP-IV activity, which might be via the subsequent increase in endogenous incretin action.
An Analysis of Current State of Global Citizen Education Policies of Local Education Authority (2017)

본 연구의 목적은 시도교육청의 세계시민교육 정책을 추진 체제와 내용의 측면에서 분석하고, 이를 토대로 향후 세계시민교육을 추진하는데 필요한 정책적인 시사점을 도출하는데 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 세계시민교육의 개념과 주제를 검토하여 분석틀을 도출하고, 17개 광역시·도교육청의 2017 주요업무계획에서 추출한 654개 세계시민 교육 관련 정책을 분석하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 경기도교육청을 제외하고 지방교육청 단위에서는 세계시민교육 정책을 전담하는 부서나 담당자가 존재하지 않았으며, 교육청에 따라서는 여러 부서에서 관련 정책을 추진하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 세계시민교육의 주제별로 볼 때, 시도교육청의 정책은 주로 시민교육에 초점을 맞추고 있으며, 주제별 비중의 차이에는 지역교육청의 정책 방향이나 교육감의 정치적 성향, 그리고 지역의 맥락 등이 복합적으로 영향을 미치고 있었다. 셋째, 시도교육청의 세계시민교육 정책은 교육청별로 다소 차이는 있지만, 전체적으로 교내외 교수학습활동 지원 사업의 비중이 높았다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 향후 세계시민교육 정책을 추진하는데 있어, 세부 주제와 내용별로 파편화된 시도교육청의 세계시민교육 정책을 유기적으로 연계하기 위한 노력이 필요하다고 제언하였다.The purpose of this study is to analyze current state of global citizenship education policies of local education authority in terms of governance and contents, and to suggest the policy implications. In order to do this, this study created an analytic framework by reviewing the concept and themes of global citizenship education and analyzed 654 education policies derived from main work plan in 2017 of 17 metropolitan and provincial offices of education, according to the themes, contents, governance. The results are followed. First, except for the Gyeonggi Provincial Office of Education, there was no department or person fully in charge of global citizen education policies at the local education authority. Second, regarding to the theme of global citizen education, the global citizenship education policies of the local education authority are mainly focused on civic education, and the difference of proportions are affected by the policy direction, the political inclination of the superintendent, and regional context. Third, the proportion of supporting teaching and learning activities for global citizenship was the highest in the contents of global citizenship education policies of the local education authority. Based on this results, this study suggest that efforts to link each policies fragmented by theme and content are necessary for global citizenship education in the future.
Tumor doubling time and prognostic assessment of patients with primary lung cancer (1994)

Tumor doubling time was an independent and significant prognostic factor for lung cancer patients.
Optical properties of deoxyribonucleic acid-polylysine complexes (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOptical properties of deoxyribonucleic acid-polylysine complexesDana CarrollCite this: Biochemistry 1972, 11, 3, 421–426Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00753a019https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00753a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fluorescence Detection of a Protein‐Bound 2Fe2S Cluster (2009)

A fluorescent biosensor is described for 2Fe2S clusters that is composed of green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2), as illustrated here. 2Fe2S detection is based on the reduction of GFP fluorescence upon the 2Fe2S-induced dimerization of GFP-Grx2. This assay is sufficiently sensitive to detect submicromolar changes in 2Fe2S levels, thus making it suitable for high-throughput measurements of metallocluster degradation and synthesis reactions.
Rapid and specific detection of urea nitrate and ammonium nitrate by electrospray ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry using infusion with crown ethers (2011)

Urea nitrate (UN) and ammonium nitrate (AN) are fertilizer-based explosives that are commonly used in improvised munitions and can have highly destructive effects. Because they are in the form of salts, their relatively low volatility makes them difficult to detect at trace levels. In addition, these salts readily undergo metathetic reactions in water to form urea, ammonium and nitrate, which are ubiquitous in the environment. Thus, selective methods are needed for their detection. In this study, a procedure was developed to detect UN and AN in non-aqueous environments by positive ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry through the addition of 18-crown-6. The method is sensitive, with detection limits under 2 μM, and selective. The procedure is capable of differentiating urea from uronium ions (protonated urea) and a mixture of urea and AN did not interfere with the UN signal. The procedure is quite versatile and the addition of crown ethers to the sample matrix does not interfere with the detection of high explosives in the negative ionization mode. Experimental results are presented on the utilization of the method in the detection of UN and AN on various surfaces. Semi-quantitative studies showed that AN and UN can be detected at trace levels following finger transfer and a series of studies were performed to demonstrate the effect of various interferences. The results show the method to be a quick and robust procedure for trace detection.
Diagnosis and Monitoring of Hepatic Injury. II. Recommendations for Use of Laboratory Tests in Screening, Diagnosis, and Monitoring (2000)

Although many specific recommendations are made in the guidelines, only some summary recommendations are listed here. In acute hepatic injury, prothrombin time and, to a lesser extent, total bilirubin are the best indicators of severity of disease. Although ALT is useful for detecting acute and chronic hepatic injury, it is not related to severity of acute hepatic injury and only weakly related to severity of chronic hepatic injury. Specific tests of viral markers should be the initial differential tests in both acute and chronic hepatic injury; when positive, they are also useful for monitoring recovery from hepatitis B and C.
History, Development, and Applications of High-Brightness Visible Light-Emitting Diodes (2008)

In a practical sense, the development of high-performance visible-spectrum light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has occurred over a period of over 60 years, beginning with the discovery of the first semiconductor p-n junction in 1940, the development of solid-state electronic band theory in the 1940s, the invention of the first bipolar transistor in 1947, and the demonstration of efficient light generation from III-V alloys in the 1950s and 1960s. This paper reviews some of the major scientific and technological developments and observations that have created the materials and device technologies currently used in the commercial mass production of high-brightness visible-spectrum LEDs and that have culminated in white-light sources exhibiting luminous efficacies of over 150 lm/W, far beyond what has been achieved with conventional lighting technologies.
Recent Progress in the Management of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma (2007)

A better understanding of the molecular biology of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has led to a dramatic paradigm shift in the treatment of patients with metastatic disease. Historically, a nonspecific immune approach using cytokines was employed, but recently this has transitioned to a molecularly-targeted approach against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and related pathways. Several anti-VEGF agents, including ligand-binding agents such as bevacizumab and the small molecule inhibitors of VEGF and related receptors such as sunitinib and sorafenib, have demonstrated clinical activity in patients with metastatic RCC. Other agents that inhibit alternative targets such as the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) have also demonstrated activity. This generation of novel molecular targeted therapies continues to show great promise. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current management and to discuss potential future directions in the management of metastatic RCC.
Rheb GTPase is a direct target of TSC2 GAP activity and regulates mTOR signaling (2003)

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disease caused by mutation in either TSC1 or TSC2. The TSC1 and TSC2 gene products form a functional complex and inhibit phosphorylation of S6K and 4EBP1. These functions of TSC1/TSC2 are likely mediated by mTOR. Here we report that TSC2 is a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) toward Rheb, a Ras family GTPase. Rheb stimulates phosphorylation of S6K and 4EBP1. This function of Rheb is blocked by rapamycin and dominant-negative mTOR. Rheb stimulates the phosphorylation of mTOR and plays an essential role in regulation of S6K and 4EBP1 in response to nutrients and cellular energy status. Our data demonstrate that Rheb acts downstream of TSC1/TSC2 and upstream of mTOR to regulate cell growth.
Parallel processing of near fine grain tasks using static scheduling on OSCAR (optimally scheduled advanced multiprocessor) (1990)

This paper proposes a compilation scheme for parallel processing of near fine grain tasks, each of which consists of several instructions or a statement, on a multiprocessor system called OSCAR (Optimally Scheduled Advanced Multiprocessor). The scheme allows us to minimize synchronization and data transfer overheads and to optimally use registers of each processor by using a static scheduling algorithm considering data transfer. This scheme can effectively be combined with macro-dataflow computation and the loop concurrentization. A compiler using the proposed scheme has been implemented on OSCAR, which has been designed to take full advantage of the static scheduling. In this paper, performance evaluation of the scheme on OSCAR is also described.
Unexpected In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activity Observed for Simple, Surface Functionalized Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimers (2009)

We report unexpected anti-inflammatory properties for naked, unmodified poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers bearing simple surface functionality (e.g., -NH(2), -OH, etc.). This property was discovered serendipitously while studying the drug delivery features of PAMAM dendrimer-indomethacin complexes. Activity was quantitated by using three independently recognized in vivo anti-inflammatory assay methods, namely, (1) the carrageenan-induced paw edema model (acute activity), (2) the cotton pellet test, and (3) the adjuvant-induced arthritis assay in rats (chronic activities). Those dendrimers bearing amine or hydroxyl surface groups exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity in the carrageenan-induced paw edema model. For example, [core: 1,2-diaminoethane]; (G = 4.0); {dendri-poly(amidoamine)-(NH(2))(64)} (i.e., G4-NH(2)) exhibited a mean percent inhibition of 35.50 +/- 1.6% 3 h after administration and [core: 1,2-diaminoethane] (G = 4.0); {dendri-poly(amidoamine)-(OH)(64)} (i.e., G4-OH) gave a mean percent inhibition of 31.22 +/- 1.58% 3 h after administration. On the other hand, [core: 1,2-diaminoethane] (G = 4.5); {dendri-poly(amidoamine)-(CO(2)H)(128)} (i.e., G4.5-CO(2)H) exhibited mild anti-inflammatory activity with a mean percent inhibition of 14.00 +/- 2.5% 3 h after administration. Unexpectedly, G4-NH(2) showed significantly higher activity compared to naked indomethacin (i.e., 50 +/- 3.1% vs 22 +/- 1.2%) using the cotton pellet granuloma model. Similarly, in the adjuvant-induced arthritis model, G4-NH(2) compared to naked indomethacin gave a mean percent inhibition of 30 +/- 1.9% versus 11 +/- 0.9% 14 days after administration.
A flexible redundancy technique for high-density DRAMs (1991)

The limitations of conventional redundancy techniques are pointed out and a novel redundancy technique is proposed for high-density DRAMs using multidivided data-line structures. The proposed technique features a flexible relationship between spare lines and spare decoders, as well as lower probability of unsuccessful repair. With this technique the yield improvement factor of 64-Mb DRAMs and beyond is estimated to be more than twice that with the conventional technique in the early stages of production.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Genomewide Association Study Points to Multiple Loci That Predict Antidepressant Drug Treatment Outcome in Depression (2009)

These results demonstrate the importance of multiple genetic factors combined with clinical features in the prediction of antidepressant drug treatment outcome, which underscores the multifactorial nature of this trait.
Fast acoustic tweezers for the two-dimensional manipulation of individual particles in microfluidic channels (2012)

This paper presents a microfluidic device that implements standing surface acoustic waves in order to handle single cells, droplets, and generally particles. The particles are moved in a very controlled manner by the two-dimensional drifting of a standing wave array, using a slight frequency modulation of two ultrasound emitters around their resonance. These acoustic tweezers allow any type of motion at velocities up to few ×10 mm/s, while the device transparency is adapted for optical studies. The possibility of automation provides a critical step in the development of lab-on-a-chip cell sorters and it should find applications in biology, chemistry, and engineering domains.
A Novel Function of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-15 in the Pituitary: Selective Synthesis and Secretion of FSH by Gonadotropes (2002)

Bone morphogenetic protein-15 (BMP-15) has been known to be an oocyte-specific factor and regulate granulosa cell functions. Here, we report that BMP-15 is also expressed in the well established gonadotrope cell line, LbetaT2 and mouse pituitary tissue. Interestingly, BMP-15 stimulates FSHbeta subunit transcription in LbetaT2 cells without affecting LHbeta and GnRH receptor transcription. These findings, therefore, suggest a possible autocrine control mechanism selective for FSHbeta synthesis by BMP-15. Moreover, BMP-15 exerts a potent and selective stimulation of FSH, but not LH, secretion by primary pituitary cells. Taken together, we hypothesize that BMP-15 could play a physiological role in the monotropic rise of FSH secretion by the pituitary during the estrous and menstrual cycle. These findings, together with the previous evidence of a negative regulation of FSH receptor expression by BMP-15 in the ovary, may constitute a major role in female fertility.
Markerless tumor tracking using short kilovoltage imaging arcs for lung image-guided radiotherapy (2015)

The ability to monitor tumor motion without implanted markers is clinically advantageous for lung image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT). Existing markerless tracking methods often suffer from overlapping structures and low visibility of tumors on kV projection images. We introduce the short arc tumor tracking (SATT) method to overcome these issues. The proposed method utilizes multiple kV projection images selected from a nine-degree imaging arc to improve tumor localization, and respiratory-correlated 4D cone-beam CT (CBCT) prior knowledge to minimize the effects of overlapping anatomies. The 3D tumor position is solved as an optimization problem with prior knowledge incorporated via regularization. We retrospectively validated SATT on 11 clinical scans from four patients with central tumors. These patients represent challenging scenarios for markerless tumor tracking due to the inferior adjacent contrast. The 3D trajectories of implanted fiducial markers were used as the ground truth for tracking accuracy evaluation. In all cases, the tumors were successfully tracked at all gantry angles. Compared to standard pre-treatment CBCT guidance alone, trajectory errors were significantly smaller with tracking in all cases, and the improvements were the most prominent in the superior-inferior direction. The mean 3D tracking error ranged from 2.2-9.9 mm, which was 0.4-2.6 mm smaller compared to pre-treatment CBCT. In conclusion, we were able to directly track tumors with inferior visibility on kV projection images using SATT. Tumor localization accuracies are significantly better with tracking compared to the current standard of care of lung IGRT. Future work involves the prospective evaluation and clinical implementation of SATT.
Monotherapy of Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Review of Newer Agents (1999)

The new agents offer useful therapeutic options that make them suitable for combining with each other and with older agents, which could result in more effective regimens for metastatic disease, and, ultimately, primary disease in the adjuvant setting. The chemotherapeutic paradigms governing the management of breast cancer for the past three decades are likely to change as we move into the 21st century.