gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biorefineries. Industrial processes and products; Vol. 1 (2006)

This is the first book dedicated to biorefineries and biobased industrial technologies and products, and, as such, is directed towards the technological principles of biorefineries, processes, plants, concepts, current and forthcoming biobased product lines, as well as economic aspects. Since the hot topics of green chemistry and green processes are of a multidisciplinary interest, this book will benefit chemists in industry and science, in particular the organic chemists and chemical engineers as well as the whole spectrum of the process industry, process engineers, apparatus construction engineers, and biotechnologists. The editors and authors are all internationally recognized experts from industry and academia, including Dr. Patrick Gruber, the former Vice President and Chief Technology Officer of Cargill Dow (Nature-Works LLC), a winner of the U.S. Presidential Green Chemistry Award and holder of more than 40 patents. (orig.)
A Data Model for Presence (2006)

This document defines the underlying presence data model used by Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE) presence agents.The data model provides guidance on how to map various communications systems into presence documents in a consistent fashion.
Mechanics of rollable and foldable film-on-foil electronics (1999)

The mechanics of film-on-foil devices is presented in the context of thin-film transistors on steel and plastic foils. Provided the substrates are thin, such transistors function well after the foils are rolled to small radii of curvature. When a substrate with a lower elastic modulus is used, smaller radii of curvature can be achieved. Furthermore, when the transistors are placed in the neutral surface by sandwiching between a substrate and an encapsulation layer, even smaller radii of curvature can be attained. Transistor failure clearly shows when externally forced and thermally induced strains add to, or subtract from, each other.
Prevention of murine lupus by an I‐E α chain transgene: Protective role of I‐E α chain‐derived peptides with a high affinity to I‐Ab molecules (1996)

The expression of a transgene encoding the I-E alpha chain prevents a lupus-like autoimmune syndrome in BXSB mice. However, it had not been elucidated whether the E alpha d transgene-mediated protective effect results from I-E expression or from the generation of I-E alpha chain-derived peptides (E alpha peptide) displaying high affinity for the I-Ab molecule. To address this question, two different BXSB lines expressing the transgene at low or high levels were crossed with lupus-prone MRL mice; this resulted in three types of (MRL x BXSB)F1 mice, differing in the expression levels of I-E molecules and of E alpha peptides presented by I-Ab molecules. Comparative analysis of these three (MRL x BXSB)F1 mice as well as several BXSB transgenic lines showed that the E alpha d transgene-mediated protection paralleled the expression levels of E alpha peptide presented by I-Ab molecules, but not of I-E molecules on B cells. In addition, use of transgenic and nontransgenic double bone marrow chimeras showed a selective activation of nontransgenic B cells during I-Ab-restricted T cell-dependent immune responses, while both transgenic and nontransgenic B cells were comparably activated during T cell-independent responses. These results favor a model of autoimmunity prevention based on competition for antigen presentation, in which excessive generation of E alpha peptides prevents, because of their high affinity to the I-A molecules, activation of potential autoreactive T and B cells.
Depressionsbehandlung in Deutschland (2007)

Ziel: Ziel der Studie war die Untersuchung der Kosteneffektivität von vier unterschiedlichen Antidepressiva (AD)-Wirkstoffgruppen im deutschen Gesundheitssystem. Methode: Die Untersuchung wurde mithilfe einer Entscheidungsbaumanalyse durchgeführt. Im Entscheidungsbaum wurde die Versorgungssituation über einen Zeitraum von 24 Wochen von Patienten abgebildet, die an einer unipolaren (Major) Depression leiden. Grundlage der modellhaften Abbildung des Versorgungsalltags bildete eine vorangegangene Untersuchung von Lennox-Smith (Großbritannien [U.K], 2004), die Mithilfe deutscher Leitlinien und einer Expertengruppe an das deutsche Gesundheitswesen angepasst wurde. Vier Initial-Therapien wurden berücksichtigt: trizyklische Antidepressiva (TCA), selektive Serotonin-Wiederaufnahmehemmer (SSRI), selektive Serotonin-Noradrenalin-Wiederaufnahmehemmer (SNRI, Venlafaxin) und Alpha2-Antagonisten (Mirtazapin). Die für die Entscheidungsbaumanalyse verwendeten Remissions-, Response- und Nebenwirkungsraten wurden aus Metaanalysen entnommen. Remission wurde als primärer klinischer Endpunkt verwendet. Die Kalkulation der Kosten wurde aus der Perspektive der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung durchgeführt. Nur direkte Kosten wurden angesetzt: Arzneimittel, Hausarzt, Facharzt, Psychiater, Krankenhausaufenthalt. Ergebnisse: Die Behandlung eines Patienten kostet 3609 €, 3954 €, 3601 € bzw. 3592 € bei einer initialen Venlafaxin-, SRRI-, TCA- oder Mirtazapin-Therapie. Die Kosten für einen Patienten in Remission betragen 4673 € (Venlafaxin), 5523 € (SRRI), 4740 € (TCA) sowie 4717 € (Mirtazapin). Die Ergebnisse zeigen sich robust gegenüber Variationen von Kosten und Effekten. Schlussfolgerungen: AD mit hohen Remissionsraten, wie z. B. Venlafaxin, können trotz höherer Therapiekosten als kosteneffektiv bei der Therapie von Patienten mit Major Depression angesehen werden. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen die vorangegangenen Untersuchungen aus U.K. Die Kosteneffektivität der AD wird am stärksten durch Remissionsraten, weniger über Response- und Nebenwirkungsraten beeinflusst.
An Integrated Software Suite for Surface-based Analyses of Cerebral Cortex (2001)

The authors describe and illustrate an integrated trio of software programs for carrying out surface-based analyses of cerebral cortex. The first component of this trio, SureFit (Surface Reconstruction by Filtering and Intensity Transformations), is used primarily for cortical segmentation, volume visualization, surface generation, and the mapping of functional neuroimaging data onto surfaces. The second component, Caret (Computerized Anatomical Reconstruction and Editing Tool Kit), provides a wide range of surface visualization and analysis options as well as capabilities for surface flattening, surface-based deformation, and other surface manipulations. The third component, SuMS (Surface Management System), is a database and associated user interface for surface-related data. It provides for efficient insertion, searching, and extraction of surface and volume data from the database.
HLA‐A, B, C, DRB1 and DQB1 allele and haplotype frequencies in volunteer bone marrow donors from Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia (2019)

We analyzed HLA allele and haplotype frequencies from donors from the Eastern region of Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was performed on 2405 bone marrow donors from the Eastern region. HLA typing was carried out by sequencing. The most common HLA allele groups were HLA-A*02:01:01G (11.08%), A*01:01:01G (10.40%), HLA-B*52:01:01G (8.79%), B*18:01:01G (8.07%), HLA-C*04:01:01G (17.88%), C*12:03:01G (10.23%), HLA-DRB1*10:01 (14.89%), DRB1*03:01:01G (14.10%), HLA-DQB1*02:01:01G (24.53%) and DQB1*05:01:01G (20.17%). The most frequent HLA-A<sup>~</sup> C<sup>~</sup> B<sup>~</sup> DRB1<sup>~</sup> DQB1 haplotypes were HLA-A*01:03<sup>~</sup> C*15:05:01G<sup>~</sup> B*73:01<sup>~</sup> DRB1*10:01:01<sup>~</sup> DQB1*05:01:01G (3.11%) and HLA-A*01:01:01G<sup>~</sup> C*12:02:01G<sup>~</sup> B*52:01:01G<sup>~</sup> DRB1*15:02:01<sup>~</sup> DQB1*06:01:01G (2.25%). When comparing the allele and haplotype frequencies of the Eastern regions' population to those from the Central region we found significant differences in several allele frequencies including A*01:01:01G (P ≤ 0.0001), B*52:01:01G (P ≤ 0.0001), B*18:01:01G (P = 0.0001), C*12:03:01G (P < 0.0001), DRB1*10:01:01 (P < 0.0001) and DQB1*05:01:01G (P < 0.0001). Our data confirms genetic heterogeneity among the Saudi population.
On Creating Efficient Object-relational Views of Scientific Datasets (2006)

Scientific datasets are often large and distributed in flat files across several storage nodes. Scientists frequently want to analyze subsets of these datasets. A data source abstraction that provides an object-relational view of data while hiding the details of storage and transport mechanisms and dataset layouts is useful in this regard. In this abstraction, basic data sources (BDS) interpret flat files as a set of records and are the building blocks of the view mechanism. Derived data sources (DDS) may be built on top of BDSs and provide more complex objects that serve the scientists' needs. The simplest DDS is one that supports a join based view over BDSs. We investigate issues involving building such DDSs for scientific applications and consider distributed versions of the indexed join and the grace hash join algorithms. We construct cost models that capture their performance in a restricted space of dataset and system parameters and compare them analytically and experimentally
HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT OF NANO FLUIDS –A REVIEW (2014)

Thermal conductivity is considered important factor for rapid cooling and heating application. Base heat transfer fluid normally having low thermal conductivity, so we goes to Nano fluid for increases the heat transfer rate. Nano fluid is nanometre sized particle such as metal, oxide, and carbide etc., dispersed into base heat transfer fluid. In this paper shows varying factor affecting the thermal conductivity of Nano fluid at different conditions. All researcher tried to increase the heat transfer rate by considering thermal conductivity Nano fluid. Thermal conductivity is increased with increasing concentration of metal particle within critical limit. Thermal conductivity is affected by the following parameters like shape, size, clustering, collision, porous layer, melting point of nanoparticle etc., controlling this type of parameters to increase the thermal conductivity of Nano fluid. Nano fluid is advanced heat transfer fluid for next generation.
Identification, primary structure, and distribution of CLA-1, a novel member of the CD36/LIMPII gene family. (1993)

The thrombospondin and collagen type I receptor CD36 is a plasma membrane glycoprotein present in a restricted number of cell types. By contrast, rat lysosomal integral membrane protein II (LIMPII) is expressed on the membrane of lysosomes in all cell types so far examined. Nevertheless, both belong to the same gene family based on alignment of their respective amino acid sequences. To explore the existence of other related members, we have used the polymerase chain reaction with primers derived from highly conserved amino acid regions between CD36 and rat LIMPII. A human cDNA corresponding to a novel member of this family has been identified and isolated. This new member has been designated as CD36 and LIMPII Analogous-1 (CLA-1). Human CLA-1 cDNA predicts a protein 409 amino acids long with a 20% amino acid identity with CD36 and rat LIMPII. Further studies revealed that the sequenced cDNA clone may result by alternative splicing from a longer mRNA form having an insertion of 300 nucleotides located 126 nucleotides downstream from the initiation codon of cloned CLA-1. This form would encode a protein 509 amino acids long, whose sequence matches without any long gap to amino acid sequences of CD36 and rat LIMPII. Northern blot analysis indicates that CLA-1 is widely expressed although its mRNA steady state levels vary considerably among the analyzed cell types. Transient transfection experiments of a CD36-CLA-1 chimera, constructed by replacing the carboxyl cytoplasmic tail of CD36 for the carboxyl cytoplasmic tail of CLA-1, suggest that native CLA-1 protein is found on the plasma membrane.
Experimental Measurement of the Binding Configuration and Coverage of Chirality-Sorting Polyfluorenes on Carbon Nanotubes (2014)

Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl) (PFO) exhibits exceptional (n,m) chirality and electronic-type selectivity for near-armchair semiconducting carbon nanotubes. To better understand and control the factors governing this behavior, we experimentally determine the surface coverage and binding configuration of PFO on nanotubes in solution using photoluminescence energy transfer and anisotropy measurements. The coverage increases with PFO concentration in solution, following Langmuir-isotherm adsorption behavior with cooperativity. The equilibrium binding constant (PFO concentration in solution at half coverage), KA, depends on (n,m) and is 1.16 ± 0.30, 0.93 ± 0.12, and 1.13 ± 0.26 mg mL(-1) for the highly selected (7,5), (8,6), and (8,7) species, respectively, and the corresponding PFO wrapping angle at low coverage is 12, 17, and 14 ± 2°, respectively. In contrast, the inferred KA for metallic nanotubes is nearly an order of magnitude greater, indicating that the semiconducting selectivity increases with decreasing PFO concentration. This understanding will quantitatively guide future experimental and computational efforts on electronic type-sorting carbon nanotubes.
The distal enhancer implicated in the developmental regulation of the tyrosine aminotransferase gene is bound by liver-specific and ubiquitous factors. (1993)

Tyrosine aminotransferase gene expression is confined to parenchymal cells of the liver, is inducible by glucocorticoids and glucagon, and is repressed by insulin. Three enhancers control this tissue-specific and hormone-dependent activity, one of which, located at -11 kb, is implicated in establishing an active expression domain. We have studied in detail this important regulatory element and have identified a 221-bp fragment containing critical enhancer sequences which stimulated the heterologous thymidine kinase promoter more than 100-fold in hepatoma cells. Within this region, we have characterized two essential liver-specific enhancer domains, one of which was bound by proteins of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 (HNF3) family. Analyses with the dedifferentiated hepatoma cell line HTC suggested that HNF3 alpha and/or -gamma, but not HNF3 beta, are involved in activating the tyrosine aminotransferase gene via the -11-kb enhancer. Genomic footprinting and in vitro protein-DNA binding studies documented cell-type-specific binding of ubiquitous factors to the second essential enhancer domain, which by itself stimulated the thymidine kinase promoter preferentially in hepatoma cells. These results will allow further characterization of the role of these enhancer sequences in developmental activation of the tyrosine aminotransferase gene.
Human myeloid plasma membrane glycoprotein CD13 (gp150) is identical to aminopeptidase N. (1989)

To determine the primary structure of CD13, a 150-kD cell surface glycoprotein originally identified on subsets of normal and malignant human myeloid cells, we isolated the complete sequences encoding the polypeptide in overlapping complementary DNA (cDNA) clones. The authenticity of our cDNA clones was demonstrated by the ability of the coding sequences, subcloned in a retroviral expression vector, to mediate expression of bona fide CD13 molecules at the surface of transfected mouse fibroblasts. The nucleotide sequence predicts a 967 amino acid integral membrane protein with a single, 24 amino acid hydrophobic segment near the amino terminus. Amino-terminal protein sequence analysis of CD13 molecules indicated that the hydrophobic segment is not cleaved, but rather serves as both a signal for membrane insertion and as a stable membrane-spanning segment. The remainder of the molecule consists of a large extracellular carboxyterminal domain, which contains a pentapeptide consensus sequence characteristic of members of the zinc-binding metalloprotease superfamily. Sequence comparisons with known enzymes of this class revealed that CD13 is identical to aminopeptidase N, a membrane-bound glycoprotein thought to be involved in the metabolism of regulatory peptides by diverse cell types, including small intestinal and renal tubular epithelial cells, macrophages, granulocytes, and synaptic membranes prepared from cells of the central nervous system.
Heart rate variability as a biomarker for autonomic nervous system response differences between children with chronic pain and healthy control children (2013)

Studies in adults have demonstrated a relationship between lowered heart rate variability (HRV) and poor health. However, less is known about the role of autonomic arousal in children's well-being. The aim of the current study was to examine resting HRV in children with chronic pain compared to healthy control children and, further, to examine children's HRV following a series of acute experimental pain tasks in both groups. Participants included 104 healthy control children and 48 children with chronic pain aged 8-17 years. The laboratory session involved a 5-minute baseline electrocardiogram followed by four pain induction tasks: evoked pressure, cold pressor, focal pressure, and a conditioned pain modulation task. After the tasks were complete, a 5-minute post-task electrocardiogram recording was taken. Spectral analysis was used to capture high-frequency normalized power and the ratio of low-to-high frequency band power, signifying cardiac vagal tone and sympathetic balance, respectively. Results revealed that children with chronic pain had significantly lower resting HRV (signified by low high-frequency normalized power and high ratio of low-to-high frequency band power) compared to healthy children; moreover, a significant interaction between groups and time revealed that children with chronic pain displayed a static HRV response to the pain session compared to healthy children, whose HRV was reduced concomitant with the pain session. These findings suggest that children with chronic pain may have a sustained stress response with minimal variability in response to new acute pain stressors.
Unusual intracellular trafficking ofSalmonella typhimuriumin human melanoma cells (2001)

Salmonella spp. are enterobacteria capable of invading and replicating in both professional and non-professional phagocytes. Here, we investigate the fate of S. typhimurium in human melanoma MelJuSo cells. The bacterium entered MelJuSo cells by a trigger mechanism and resided within a unique organelle, the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV). The SCV acquired early endosomal markers transiently and then underwent a series of membrane modifications. In HeLa cells, vacuole maturation is characterized by the simultaneous acquisition of the lysosomal membrane glycoproteins (Lgps) Lamp1, CD63 and vacuolar (v)-ATPase; in MelJuSo cells, however, acquisition of CD63 and v-ATPase preceded that of Lamp1. A very striking event in MelJuSo cells was the arrest of bacterial septation starting from 8 h after infection. Bacteria nevertheless continued to elongate, remained morphologically intact and viable and were eventually exocytosed. This original feature was observed in several skin-related cells including melanocytes, suggesting that it may provide the basis for an efficient host defence mechanism against Salmonella infection.
Non‐invasive electrical measurements for the evaluation of the hydration state of the skin: comparison between three conventional instruments ‐ the Comeometer®, the Skicon® and the Nova DPM® (1999)

Background/aims: Some electrical properties of the skin may be related to the water content of the horny layer, and measurements of impedance and/or capacitance have been used to assess the hydration state of the skin surface. This study was designed to compare three commercially available instruments used in dermato‐cosmetic research, namely, the Corneometer CM 825, the Nova DPM 9003 and the Skicon‐200. Methods: Comparative measurements were carried out with the three instruments in vivo on the volar part of the forearms of 12 human volunteers. Results: The decrease in hydration induced by an irritant cationic detergent, and the increase of hydration after application of a moisturizer cream under occlusion could be easily measured with the three instruments. High degrees of correlation were obsewed between the three instruments over a broad range of hydration values of the skin. Conclusions: This comparative study performed under controlled environmental conditions reveals that the three instruments give validated coherent information concerning relative changes in hydration of the upper layers of the epidermis.
Low-temperature chemical vapor deposition of ruthenium dioxide from ruthenium tetroxide: a simple approach to high-purity RuO2 films (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLow-temperature chemical vapor deposition of ruthenium dioxide from ruthenium tetroxide: a simple approach to high-purity RuO2 filmsZheng Yuan, Richard J. Puddephatt, and Michael SayerCite this: Chem. Mater. 1993, 5, 7, 908–910Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00031a004https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00031a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views436Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Carotenoids in photosynthesis: structure and photochemistry (1991)

Abstract
Stromal Cell–Derived Factor-1α in Unstable Angina (2002)

In contrast to several other chemokines, our findings suggest that SDF-1alpha, at least in high concentrations, may mediate antiinflammatory and matrix-stabilizing effects in unstable angina. These effects may promote plaque stabilization, and therapeutic intervention that enhances SDF-1alpha activity could potentially be beneficial in acute coronary syndromes.
Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy: Chemical Imaging for Biology and Medicine (2008)

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy is a label-free imaging technique that is capable of real-time, nonperturbative examination of living cells and organisms based on molecular vibrational spectroscopy. Recent advances in detection schemes, understanding of contrast mechanisms, and developments of laser sources have enabled superb sensitivity and high time resolution. Emerging applications, such as metabolite and drug imaging and tumor identification, raise many exciting new possibilities for biology and medicine.