gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning and identification of mouse steroid receptor coactivator-1 (mSRC-1), as a coactivator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. (1996)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is expressed predominantly in adipose tissue. Forced expression of the two isoforms of this receptor, PPARgamma1 and PPARgamma2, in fibroblasts initiates a transcriptional cascade that leads to the development of adipocyte phenotype. Using the yeast two-hybrid system and GAL4-PPARgamma as bait to screen mouse liver cDNA library, we isolated a mouse steroid receptor coactivator (mSRC-1) involved in nuclear hormone receptor transcriptional activity as a mPPARgamma interactive protein. mSRC-1 cDNA we isolated contains an open reading frame of 1447 amino acids and encodes a new member of the basic helix-loop-helix-PAS domain family. We show that the binding of mSRC-1 to mPPARgamma is ligand independent and coexpression of mSRC-1 with mPPARgamma increases the transcriptional activity of mPPARgamma in the presence of mPPARgamma ligand. We have identified the presence of two putative mPPARgamma binding sites in the mSRC-1, one between residues 620 and 789, and the second between residues 1231 and 1447. These two regions exhibit different degrees of binding affinity for mPPARgamma. We also show that mSRC-1 exhibits its own constitutive transcriptional activity in the yeast as well as in mammalian cells. These results suggest that mSRC-1 interacts with PPARgamma and plays a role in the PPARgamma-mediated signaling pathway.
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT STABILIZERS ON STABILITY OF HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE- BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN-AFLATOXIN B1, A CONJUGATED TRACER FOR DETECTION OF AFLATOXIN B1 IN IMMUNOASSAY-BASED METHODS (2007)

Aflatoxins are a group of fungal toxic metabolites, which are contaminated certain food commodities. ELISA is one of the sensitive methods for detection of aflatoxins. Preparation and stabilizing of a proper conjugated tracer for detection of aflatoxins is probably the main step for designing an ELISA method. In current study, different stabilizers were applied to stabilize a newly prepared conjugated molecule, Horseradish peroxidase-Bovine serum albumin- Aflatoxin B1 (HRP-BSA-AFB1). Stabilizing effects of six different stabilizers were compared during 10 months verification at room temperature and 6 weeks verification at 37°C. Based on the results, it was concluded that trehalose-containing stabilizers especially those contain casein in their compositions show the best stabilizing effects on HRP-BSA-AFB1 conjugated tracer.
The cDNA structure, expression, and chromosomal assignment of the mouse Fas antigen (1992)

The cell surface Fas antigen is a membrane-associated polypeptide which can mediate apoptosis. cDNA clones encoding the Fas antigen were isolated from a cDNA library constructed with mRNA from the mouse macrophage cell line BAM3. The nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence of the mouse Fas antigen were 58.5 and 49.3% identical, respectively, to the corresponding sequences of human Fas antigen cDNA. The mouse Fas antigen consists of 306 amino acids with a calculated Mr of 34,971 and contains a single transmembrane domain which divides the molecule into extracellular and cytoplasmic domains. A 2.1-kb mRNA coding for the Fas antigen was detected in the mouse thymus, heart, liver, and ovary but not in brain and spleen. The expression of the Fas antigen gene in mouse fibroblast L929 and macrophage BAM3 cell lines was significantly induced by treatment with IFN-gamma but not by IFN-alpha/beta. Interspecific backcross analysis indicated that the gene coding for the Fas antigen is in the distal region of mouse chromosome 19.
Visualization of Syk-Antigen Receptor Interactions Using Green Fluorescent Protein: Differential Roles for Syk and Lyn in the Regulation of Receptor Capping and Internalization (2001)

The cross-linking of the B cell Ag receptor (BCR) is coupled to the stimulation of multiple intracellular signal transduction cascades via receptor-associated, protein tyrosine kinases of both the Src and Syk families. To monitor changes in the subcellular distribution of Syk in B cells responding to BCR cross-linking, we expressed in Syk-deficient DT40 B cells a fusion protein consisting of Syk coupled to green fluorescent protein. Treatment of these cells with anti-IgM Abs leads to the recruitment of the kinase from cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments to the site of the cross-linked receptor at the plasma membrane. The Syk-receptor complexes aggregate into membrane patches that redistribute to form a cap at one pole of the cell. Syk is not demonstrably associated with the internalized receptor. Catalytically active Syk promotes and stabilizes the formation of tightly capped BCR complexes at the plasma membrane. Lyn is not required for the recruitment of Syk to the cross-linked receptor, but is required for the internalization of the clustered BCR complexes. In the absence of Lyn, receptor-Syk complexes at the plasma membrane are long lived, and the receptor-mediated activation of the NF-AT transcription factor is enhanced. Thus, Lyn appears to function to negatively regulate aspects of BCR-dependent signaling by stimulating receptor internalization and down-regulation.
Gene Expression in Eukaryotes (1981)

Gene expression in eukaryotes is influenced by a wide variety of mechanisms including the loss, amplification, and rearrangement of genes. Genes are differentially transcribed, and the RNA transcripts are variably utilized. Multigene families regulate the amount, the diversity, and the timing of gene expression. The present level of understanding of gene expression in eukaryotes is attributable mainly to biochemical methods rather than to traditional genetics. The new techniques that permit analysis and modification of purified genes of known function will identify both the control regions in eukaryotic genes as well as the molecules within cell that influence gene expression.
On Evolution, Search, Optimization, Genetic Algorithms and Martial Arts : Towards Memetic Algorithms (1989)

Short abstract, isn&amp;apos;t it? P.A.C.S. numbers 05.20, 02.50, 87.10 1 Introduction Large Numbers &amp;quot;...the optimal tour displayed (see Figure 6) is the possible unique tour having one arc fixed from among 10 655 tours that are possible among 318 points and have one arc fixed. Assuming that one could possibly enumerate 10 9 tours per second on a computer it would thus take roughly 10 639 years of computing to establish the optimality of this tour by exhaustive enumeration.&amp;quot; This quote shows the real difficulty of a combinatorial optimization problem. The huge number of configurations is the primary difficulty when dealing with one of these problems. The quote belongs to M.W Padberg and M. Grotschel, Chap. 9., &amp;quot;Polyhedral computations&amp;quot;, from the book The Traveling Salesman Problem: A Guided tour of Combinatorial Optimization [124]. It is interesting to compare the number of configurations of real-world problems in combinatorial optimization with those large numbers arising in Cosmol...
Therapeutic potential of inhibition of the NF-κB pathway in the treatment of inflammation and cancer (2001)

NF-κB comprises a family of inducible transcription factors that serve as important regulators of the host immune and inflammatory response. In addition, NF-κB is also involved in protecting cells from undergoing apoptosis in response to DNA damage or cytokine treatment. Stimulation of the NF-κB pathway is mediated by diverse signal transduction cascades. These signals activate the IκB kinases, IKKα and IKKβ, which phosphorylate inhibitory proteins known as IκB to result in their ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome. The degradation of IκB results in the translocation of NF-κB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus where it activates the expression of specific cellular genes. As we better understand the regulation of the NF-κB pathway, the potential for inhibiting this pathway has received attention. Agents that inhibit this pathway, such as glucocorticoids and aspirin, can reduce the inflammatory response, while other agents such as dominant negative IκB proteins potentiate the effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy in the treatment of cancer. Here, we discuss cellular genes and disease states associated with activation of the NF-κB pathway and consider therapeutic strategies to prevent the prolonged activation of the NF-κB pathway.
Fabrication of continuous-relief micro-optical elements by direct laser writing in photoresists (1994)

A laser writing system for the fabrication of continuous-relief micro-optical elements in photoresist is described. The technology enables a wide range of planar micro-optical elements to be fabricated and replicated into polymer film using Ni shims electroformed from the photo-resist originals. The advantages and limitations of laser writing technology for micro-optics fabrication are discussed. Examples of fabricated micro-optical elements include Fresnel microlenses and microlens arrays, kinoforms, and other continuous-relief phase elements.
Mutational analysis of human papillomavirus type 16 E6 demonstrates that p53 degradation is necessary for immortalization of mammary epithelial cells (1996)

We have previously demonstrated that normal human mammary epithelial cells (MECs) are efficiently immortalized by human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E6. HPV16 E6 binds to and induces p53 degradation in vitro and induces a marked reduction of p53 protein in MECs. Low-risk HPV6 E6 is defective for p53 binding and degradation in vitro but immortalized MECs at low efficiency. The HPV6 E6-immortalized MECs had markedly reduced levels of p53. To directly investigate whether the ability of HPV16 E6 to stimulate p53 degradation is required for E6-induced immortalization, a series of HPV16 E6 mutants were analyzed for the ability to bind and degrade p53 in vitro, induce a reduction in p53 levels in vivo, and immortalize MECs. We observed that one set of mutants efficiently immortalized MECs, caused a reduction in p53 levels in vivo, and degraded p53 in vitro. Other mutants immortalized MECs with low efficiency and either induced p53 degradation at low levels or were unable to induce p53 degradation in vitro; however, all of the immortal clones displayed low levels of p53. A third class of mutants did not immortalize MECs and failed to induce a reduction in p53 levels in vivo or degrade p53 in vitro. These results demonstrate that a reduction in p53 protein levels due to enhanced degradation is essential for MEC immortalization by HPV16 E6.
Implicit learning for explicit discount targeting in Online Social networks (2010)

Online Social networks are increasingly being seen as a means of obtaining awareness of user preferences. Such awareness could be used to target goods and services at them. We consider a general user model, wherein users could buy different numbers of goods at a marked and at a discounted price. Our first objective is to learn which users would be interested in a particular good. Second, we would like to know how much to discount these users such that the entire demand is realized, but not so much that profits are decreased. We develop algorithms for multihop forwarding of discount coupons over an online social network, in which users forward such coupons to each other in return for a reward. Coupling this idea with the implicit learning associated with backpressure routing (originally developed for multihop wireless networks), we show how to realize optimal revenue. Using simulations, we illustrate its superior performance as compared to random coupon forwarding on different social network topologies. We then propose a simpler heuristic algorithm and using simulations, and show that its performance approaches that of backpressure routing.
A testing framework for mobile computing software (2003)

We present a framework for testing applications for mobile computing devices. When a device is moved into and attached to a new network, the proper functioning of applications running on the device often depends on the resources and services provided locally in the current network. This framework provides an application-level emulator for mobile computing devices to solve this problem. Since the emulator is constructed as a mobile agent, it can carry applications across networks on behalf of its target device and allow the applications to connect to local servers in its current network in the same way as if they had been moved with and executed on the device itself. This paper also demonstrates the utility of this framework by describing the development of typical network-dependent applications in mobile and ubiquitous computing settings.
Mercury: Host-side flash caching for the data center (2012)

The adoption of flash memory in high volume consumer products such as cell phones, tablet computers, digital cameras, and portable music players has driven down flash costs and increased flash quality. This trend is pushing flash memory into new applications, including enterprise computing. In enterprise data centers, servers containing flash-based SolidState Drives (SSDs) are becoming common. However, data center architects prefer to deploy shared storage over direct-attached storage (DAS). Shared storage offers superior manageability, availability, and scalability compared to DAS. For these reasons, system designers want to reap the benefits of direct attached flash memory without decreasing the value of shared storage systems. Our solution is Mercury, a persistent, write-through host-side cache for flash memory. By designing Mercury as a hypervisor cache, we simplify integration and deployment into host environments. This paper presents our experience building a host-side flash cache, an architectural analysis of possible cache attachment points, and a performance evaluation using enterprise workloads. Our results show a 26% improvement in the bandwidth observed by the Jetstress benchmark and a 500% improvement in the I/O rate of an enterprise workload.
Unsupervised Representation Learning by Predicting Image Rotations (2018)

Over the last years, deep convolutional neural networks (ConvNets) have transformed the field of computer vision thanks to their unparalleled capacity to learn high level semantic image features. However, in order to successfully learn those features, they usually require massive amounts of manually labeled data, which is both expensive and impractical to scale. Therefore, unsupervised semantic feature learning, i.e., learning without requiring manual annotation effort, is of crucial importance in order to successfully harvest the vast amount of visual data that are available today. In our work we propose to learn image features by training ConvNets to recognize the 2d rotation that is applied to the image that it gets as input. We demonstrate both qualitatively and quantitatively that this apparently simple task actually provides a very powerful supervisory signal for semantic feature learning. We exhaustively evaluate our method in various unsupervised feature learning benchmarks and we exhibit in all of them state-of-the-art performance. Specifically, our results on those benchmarks demonstrate dramatic improvements w.r.t. prior state-of-the-art approaches in unsupervised representation learning and thus significantly close the gap with supervised feature learning. For instance, in PASCAL VOC 2007 detection task our unsupervised pre-trained AlexNet model achieves the state-of-the-art (among unsupervised methods) mAP of 54.4% that is only 2.4 points lower from the supervised case. We get similarly striking results when we transfer our unsupervised learned features on various other tasks, such as ImageNet classification, PASCAL classification, PASCAL segmentation, and CIFAR-10 classification. The code and models of our paper will be published on: https://github.com/gidariss/FeatureLearningRotNet .
PP.16.12 (2015)

Objective: The transitional zone (clockwise/ counterclockwise rotation) in an electrocardiogram (ECG) during sinus rhythm is a simple, distinct, and common finding. No prospective study has examined the association between transitional zones and incident cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in general population. We assessed the hypothesis that, compared to normal rotation, counterclockwise and clockwise rotation is associated with poor and good risk of CVDs, respectively. Design and method: We evaluated the 5,331 study participants (30–83 years; 47% men) without prior CVDs in a prospective cohort of the Japanese urban population. In a resting 12- lead ECG, the transitional zone was classified as counterclockwise, normal, or clockwise rotation. Cox regression analyses were performed to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) of CVDs after adjusting for other cardiovascular risk factors. Results: During 13.1 years of follow-up, 410 CVDs and 175 coronary heart diseases were observed. Among men, the prevalence of hypertension in the counterclockwise, normal, or clockwise rotation group was 28, 34, and 40%, respectively (p < 0.01). Among women, the prevalence of hypertension in the counterclockwise, normal, or clockwise rotation group was 23, 29, and 35%, respectively (p < 0.01). Compared with normal rotation, counterclockwise rotation was significantly associated with decreased risk of CVDs incidences in women (HR (95% confidence interval [CI]): 0.64 (0.42–0.97)). In the stratified analyses, counterclockwise rotation was significantly related with decreased risks of CVDs incidences in women with lower cardiovascular risks, the relatively younger participants, never cigarette smokers, never alcohol drinkers and those without hypertension, hypercholesterolemia or abdominal obesity. Meanwhile, in the stratified analyses of men, clockwise rotation was significantly related with elevated risks of CVDs incidences in the never-smokers, but related with decreased risk of CVDs in the ever-smokers (HRs (95% CI): 2.64 (1.16–6.02) and 0.65 (0.43–0.98), respectively, Interaction p = 0.01). Conclusions: Counterclockwise rotation in 12-lead ECG was associated with decreased risks of CVDs in the urban Japanese women. Clockwise rotation was significantly related with elevated risks of CVDs incidences in the never-smoking men. This is the first prospective cohort study that the transitional zones in ECG could be useful to estimate elevated or decreased risks of CVDs incidences.
Day-long Subcutaneous Infusion of Exenatide Lowers Glycemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (2005)

Exenatide (exendin-4) is an incretin mimetic with potential antidiabetic activity. This study examined the effects of a continuous subcutaneous (SC) infusion of exenatide (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, or 0.8 microg/kg/day) or placebo (PBO) on glycemic control over 23 h intervals. Twelve subjects with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin and/or diet received 10 infusions (4 exenatide, 6 PBO) on consecutive days. Exenatide was given in a dose-increasing design with at least one placebo infusion between each exenatide infusion, and with meals and a snack provided during the first 14 h of infusion. Plasma exenatide concentrations were dose-proportional. Plasma glucose (4-23 h) was lower in all exenatide arms compared to placebo (p<0.0001). The change in insulin/glucagon ratio and amylin concentrations from pre-infusion to post-infusion was increased (p<0.005, p<0.05, respectively) in the combined exenatide arms, but remained unchanged in the placebo groups. Nausea and vomiting were the most common treatment emergent adverse events. Exenatide infusion also appeared to have positive effects on beta-cell and alpha-cell function as measured by proinsulin/insulin ratios and mean glucagon concentrations. In summary, exenatide lowered plasma glucose during both prandial and fasting states when delivered as a continuous SC infusion over twenty-three hours, suggesting that exenatide can provide day-long glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Tailoring Bacteria Response by Piezoelectric Stimulation (2019)

Bacteria are simple organisms with a remarkable capacity for survival by adapting to different environments, which is a result of their long evolutionary history. Taking into consideration these adapting mechanisms, this work now investigates the effect of electrically active microenvironments on bacteria and on how this stimulation may trigger bacteria growth inhibition or proliferation. Electrical microenvironments are generated via stimulation of a piezoelectric polymer with a mechanical cue, thus developing an electrical response and a variation on the surface charge of the polymeric material. Specifically, Gram-positive <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> and Gram-negative <i>Escherichia coli</i> were grown overnight under static and dynamic conditions on piezoelectric poly(vinylidene) fluoride (PVDF) films to further study bacteria behavior under: (i) the effect of the material surface charge in static conditions, (ii) the mechanical effect, and (iii) the piezoelectric effect, the last two performed under dynamic conditions. Bacteria viability in planktonic and biofilm forms was measured, and the microorganism morphology was characterized. Whereas <i>E. coli</i> responds little to any of the stimuli application, <i>S. epidermidis</i> growth can be regulated through the material surface charge and by the applied frequency. Positively charged PVDF induces bacterial growth inhibition in planktonic and adhered cells in static conditions, whereas antifouling properties are obtained when a mechanical or piezoelectric effect at 4 Hz stimuli is applied. By increasing the stimuli to 40 Hz, however, the adhesion of bacteria is promoted. In conclusion, the behavior of certain bacteria species is tailored through the application of piezoelectric materials, which provide sufficient mechanoelectrical stimuli for growth or inhibition of bacteria, allowing for the design of suitable anti- and promicrobial strategies. Such strategies are only found in studies related to mammalian cells, whereas in bacterial cells this type of stimuli are still unknown. Thus, this work provides one of the first insights on the effect of piezoelectric stimuli on bacterial cells.
A-B-C, 1-2-3, H-I-V: Sesame Street Tackles AIDS (2002)

On September 30, the South African version of Sesame Street, Takalani Sesame, will introduce a character with HIV to the cast, joining the ranks of Zikwe (Cookie Monster), Moshe (Big Bird), and Neno (Elmo). The new Muppet will be the first children's show character to bring HIV and AIDS issues directly to the attention of preschool children. The Muppet's name, shape, and color will be unveiled later this month.
A Quasi-Monoclonal Mouse (1996)

As a model for studying the generation of antibody diversity, a gene-targeted mouse was produced that is hemizygous for a rearranged V(D)J segment at the immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain locus, the other allele being nonfunctional. The mouse also has no functional kappa light chain allele. The heavy chain, when paired with any lambda light chain, is specific for the hapten (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl) acetyl (NP). The primary repertoire of this quasi-monoclonal mouse is monospecific, but somatic hypermutation and secondary rearrangements change the specificity of 20 percent of the antigen receptors on B cells. The serum concentrations of the Ig isotypes are similar to those in nontransgenic littermates, but less than half of the serum IgM binds to NP, and none of the other isotypes do. Thus, neither network interactions nor random activation of a small fraction of the B cell population can account for serum Ig concentrations.