gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental obstructive coronary atherosclerosis in the hyperlipidemic hamster. (1990)

The evolution of coronary atherosclerotic lesions induced by a hyperlipidemic diet was examined in male hamsters subjected for up to 40 weeks to a standard chow supplemented with 3% cholesterol and 15% butter. Control animals were fed standard chow only. Five to seven hamsters were monthly sacrificed and investigated for serum lipids and coronary artery lesions. As compared with control animals, the hamsters fed the fat diet showed a progressive increase in serum cholesterol which reached maximum values up to 17 fold in the 10th month. The serum of the hyperlipidemic hamster examined by agarose electrophoresis, Laurell immunoelectrophoresis and cross-immunoelectrophoresis showed at most a 14 fold increase in low density lipoproteins after 10 months diet. The examination of coronary arteries revealed morphologic changes already detectable at 2 weeks of diet. The earliest modifications observed were characterized by proliferation of the subendothelial matrix or/and the appearance of liposome-like structures in the intima. After 2-3 weeks of diet, smooth muscle cells appeared occasionally in the intima and monocytes adhered and penetrated through the endothelium. Later on, smooth muscle cells and macrophage displayed lipid deposits. Focally, in areas of intimal proliferation and foam cells, endothelial cells were also lipid-loaded. Like in human atherosclerotic plaque, in the late stages of hamster coronary lesions, there was a progressive accumulation of extracellular unesterified cholesterol, calcium deposition and necrosis. Lesions evolved to a progressive narrowing of the coronary branches affected, with complete obstruction of some small arterial ramifications. Hamster appears to be a suitable model for studying the molecular and cellular events leading to obstructive coronary atherosclerosis.
Cannabinoids inhibit neurodegeneration in models of multiple sclerosis (2003)

Multiple sclerosis is increasingly being recognized as a neurodegenerative disease that is triggered by inflammatory attack of the CNS. As yet there is no satisfactory treatment. Using experimental allergic encephalo myelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis, we demonstrate that the cannabinoid system is neuroprotective during EAE. Mice deficient in the cannabinoid receptor CB1 tolerate inflammatory and excitotoxic insults poorly and develop substantial neurodegeneration following immune attack in EAE. In addition, exogenous CB1 agonists can provide significant neuroprotection from the consequences of inflammatory CNS disease in an experimental allergic uveitis model. Therefore, in addition to symptom management, cannabis may also slow the neurodegenerative processes that ultimately lead to chronic disability in multiple sclerosis and probably other diseases.
REPETITIVE SENSORIMOTOR TRAINING FOR ARM AND HAND IN A PATIENT WITH LOCKED-IN SYNDROME (1999)

The locked-in syndrome is characterized by quadriplegia, preserved consciousness and inability to respond to the outside world. In recent years, the repetitive execution of identical movements has been demonstrated to be crucial for the recovery of arm and hand function in stroke patients. The present study aimed at investigating the efficiency of repetitive training in a patient suffering from locked-in syndrome due to an occlusion of the basilar artery. Seven months after the brainstem lesion and after a 15-week period of standard inpatient therapy, the repetitive training was applied to the (most affected) right upper extremity in addition to usual therapy. After 42 weeks of the repetitive training for the right arm, it was applied to the left arm. The ranges of active motion as well as functional motor capacity and muscle tone were regularly assessed. During those phases when the repetitive sensorimotor training was applied to the right or left arm, the ranges of active motion, muscle strength and functional motor capacity of the trained arm increased significantly accompanied by a continuous normalization of muscle tone in the flexor muscle groups. Since the prominent functional improvements of the right and left arms were observed during those phases when the repetitive training was applied, these effects were likely to be due to the training rather than to the standard rehabilitation program or extraneous influences. The repetitive sensorimotor training, therefore, appears to be appropriate to improve motor function of the arm and hand and to accelerate the time course of recovery even in patients with almost complete central paralysis of both arms.
Synthetic analogs of vitamin D3 have inhibitory effects on breast cancer cell lines. (1998)

Vitamin D3 analogs represent a class of clinically attractive drugs for treatment of breast cancer due to their ability to counteract estradiol and growth factor-induced growth stimulation.
The melanocortin receptor subtypes in chicken have high preference to ACTH‐derived peptides (2004)

1 Melanocortin (MC) receptors are widely distributed throughout the body of chicken, like in mammals, and participate in a wide range of physiological functions. 2 To clarify the pharmacological impact of ligands acting in the MC system, we expressed the chicken MC1, MC2, MC3, MC4 and MC5 (cMC1-5) receptors in eukaryotic cells and performed comprehensive pharmacological characterization of the potency of endogenous and synthetic melanocortin peptides. 3 Remarkably, the cMC receptors displayed high affinity for ACTH-derived peptides and in general low affinity for alpha-MSH. It is evident that not only the cMC2 receptor but also the other cMC receptors interact with ACTH-derived peptide through an epitope beyond the sequence of alpha-MSH. 4 The synthetic ligand MTII was found to be a potent agonist whereas HS024 was a potent antagonist at the cMC4 receptor, indicating that these ligands are suitable for physiological studies in chicken. 5 We also show the presence of prohormone convertase 1 (PC1) and PC2 genes in chicken, and that these peptides are coexpressed with proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in various tissues.
Preparation and physical properties of two-component polyurethane flame-retardant coatings using trichloro modified polyesters (1998)

Trichloro modified polyester polyols were synthesized by two-step condensation reactions. An intermediate compound was synthesized by the esterification of trichloroacetic acid with trimethylolpropane in the first step. In the next step, polycondensation of the intermediate, 1,4-butanediol and trimethylolpropane with adipic acid was carried out. Two-component flame-retardant polyurethane coatings were prepared by blending these modified polyester polyols and polyisocyanate. The physical properties of these new coatings were comparable to non-flame-retardant coatings. They showed a drying time of 3–4 h and a pot life time of 10–13 h, which could belong to the flame-retardant coatings with long pot life times. Coating with 20 wt % trichloroacetic acid showed a self-extinguishing property in the vertical burning test. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 70: 913–920, 1998
Engineering EGFP reporter constructs into a 200 kb human beta-globin BAC clone using GET Recombination (2000)

GET Recombination, a simple inducible homologous recombination system for Escherichia coli, was used to target insertion of an EGFP cassette between the start and termination codons of the beta-globin gene in a 200 kb BAC clone. The high degree of homology between the promoter regions of the beta- and delta-globin genes also allowed the simultaneous generation of a delta-globin reporter construct with the deletion of 8.8 kb of intervening sequences. Both constructs expressed EGFP after transient transfection of MEL cells. Similarly, targeting of the EGFP cassette between the promoter regions of the gamma-globin genes and the termination codon of the beta-globin gene enabled the generation of reporter constructs for both (A)gamma- and (G)gamma-globin genes, involving specific deletions of 24 and 29 kb of genomic sequence, respectively. Finally the EGFP cassette was also inserted between the epsilon- and beta-globin genes, with the simultaneous deletion of 44 kb of intervening sequence. The modified constructs were generated at high efficiency, illustrating the usefulness of GET Recombination to generate large deletions of specific sequences in BACs for functional studies. The establishment of stable erythropoietic cell lines with these globin constructs will facilitate the search for therapeutic agents that modify the expression of the individual globin genes in a physiologically relevant manner.
Grafts of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Neurotrophin 3-Transduced Primate Schwann Cells Lead to Functional Recovery of the Demyelinated Mouse Spinal Cord (2005)

Experimental studies provided overwhelming proof that transplants of myelin-forming cells achieve efficient remyelination in the CNS. Among cellular candidates, Schwann cells can be used for autologous transplantation to ensure robust remyelination of lesions and to deliver therapeutic factors in the CNS. In the present study, macaque Schwann cells expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) were infected with human immunodeficiency virus-derived vectors overexpressing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or Neurotrophin 3 (NT-3), two neurotrophins that also modulate glial cell biology. The ability of transgenic Schwann cells to secrete growth factors was assessed by ELISA and showed 35- and 62-fold increases in BDNF and NT-3, respectively, in transduced macaque Schwann cell supernatants. Conditioned media of BDNF- and NT-3-transduced Schwann cells reduced Schwann cell proliferation and favored their differentiation in vitro. Transgenic cells were grafted in demyelinated spinal cords of adult nude mice. Two behavioral assays showed that NT-3- and BDNF-transduced Schwann cells promoted faster and stronger functional recovery than GFP-transduced Schwann cells. Morphological analysis indicated that functional recovery correlated with enhanced proliferation and differentiation of resident oligodendrocyte progenitors and enhanced oligodendrocyte and Schwann cell differentiation. Moreover, NT-3-transduced Schwann cells provided neuroprotection and reduced astrogliosis. These results underline the potential therapeutic benefit of combining neuroprotection and activation of myelin-forming cells to restore altered functions in demyelinating diseases of the CNS.
Unmasking of an unusual myelin basic protein epitope during the process of myelin degeneration in humans: a potential mechanism for the generation of autoantigens. (1997)

A rabbit antiserum (anti-EP), induced against a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues 68 to 86 of guinea pig myelin basic protein, powerfully immunostained abnormal-appearing oligodendrocytic processes and cell bodies in demyelinating areas associated with multiple sclerosis plaques. However, it failed to recognize any structures in normal human, rat, or guinea pig brain. The antiserum recognized the synthetic peptide QDENPVV, which corresponds to human myelin basic protein residues 82 to 88. Immunoabsorption with this peptide eliminated immunohistochemical staining. By contrast, several commercial antibodies recognizing nearby sequences of human myelin basic protein intensely stained all myelinated structures in both normal and multiple sclerosis tissue. The unusual epitope recognized by anti-EP appears to be accessible only in areas of myelin degeneration. If insults occur that repeatedly expose a region of MBP normally sheltered from immunosurveillance, a self-sustaining immune reaction might result.
Scalable high speed IP routing lookups (1997)

Internet address lookup is a challenging problem because of increasing routing table sizes, increased traffic, higher speed links, and the migration to 128 bit IPv6 addresses. IP routing lookup requires computing the best matching prefix, for which standard solutions like hashing were believed to be inapplicable. The best existing solution we know of, BSD radix tries, scales badly as IP moves to 128 bit addresses. Our paper describes a new algorithm for best matching prefix using binary search on hash tables organized by prefix lengths. Our scheme scales very well as address and routing table sizes increase: independent of the table size, it requires a worst case time of log2(address bits) hash lookups. Thus only 5 hash lookups are needed for IPv4 and 7 for IPv6. We also introduce Mutating Binary Search and other optimizations that, for a typical IPv4 backbone router with over 33,000 entries, considerably reduce the average number of hashes to less than 2, of which one hash can be simplified to an indexed array access. We expect similar average case behavior for IPv6.
Sucrase‐isomaltase: A marker of foetal and malignant epithelial cells of the human colon (1983)

The presence of sucrase-isomaltase (SI), a glycoprotein hydrolase normally restricted to the brush border membrane of the enterocytes of the small intestine, was investigated in tumours which developed in nude mice inoculated with six human colon carcinoma cell lines (HT-29, Caco-2, HRT-18, HCT-8R, SW-480, and CO-115). Foetal and normal adult human small intestines and colons were used as controls. SI was studied by (1) immunofluorescence with rabbit antibodies raised against purified human small intestine SI; (2) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting; and (3) determination of the enzyme activity. SI was antigenically present, and enzymatically active, in all the tumours derived from Caco-2 and HT-29 cells. The presence of the enzyme was associated with that of typical brush borders at transmission electron microscopy examination. SI was absent from the tumours developed with the other four cell lines, as well as from the normal adult colon mucosa. SI was also present and active in the colons of mid-gestation foetuses, ranging in ages between 20 and 28 weeks; it was absent from the colons of late-gestation foetuses. The presence of SI in tumours derived from two cell lines suggests that this enzyme is a marker, so far unsuspected, of certain human colon cancers, and that the differentiation pattern of these particular cancers closely resembles that of the foetal colon.
Isolation and Characterization of the Allergen Dpt 12 from <i>Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus</i> by Chromatofocusing (1982)

The allergen Dpt 12, from the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, was isolated from spent growth medium by chromatofocusing. The allergen was isolated in the pI range 5.86-6.95, indicating heterogeneity with regard to pI. However, on sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the allergen appeared homogeneous with an apparent molecular weight of 27,000 daltons. Radioallergosorbent scores utilizing paper discs coupled with Dpt 12 correlated significantly (p less than 0.0005) with those obtained using discs coupled with whole mite extract, although the corresponding titres were higher with Dpt 12 (p less than 0.0005).
Invariant NKT Cells Promote CD8+ Cytotoxic T Cell Responses by Inducing CD70 Expression on Dendritic Cells (2008)

Activation of invariant NK T (iNKT) cells with the glycolipid alpha-galactosylceramide promotes CD8(+) cytotoxic T cell responses, a property that has been used to enhance the efficacy of antitumor vaccines. Using chimeric mice, we now show that the adjuvant properties of iNKT cells require that CD40 triggering and Ag presentation to CD8(+) T cells occur on the same APCs. We demonstrate that injection of alpha-galactosylceramide triggers CD70 expression on splenic T cell zone dendritic cells and that this is dependent on CD40 signaling. Importantly, we show that blocking the interaction between CD70 and CD27, its costimulatory receptor on T cells, abrogates the ability of iNKT cells to promote a CD8(+) T cell response and abolishes the efficacy of alpha-GalCer as an adjuvant for antitumor vaccines. These results define a key role for CD70 in linking the innate response of iNKT cells to the activation of CD8(+) T cells.
Multiple Textures Stitching and Blending on 3D Objects (1999)

In this paper we propose a new approach for mapping and blending textures on 3D geometries. The system starts from a 3D mesh which represents a real object and improves this model with pictorial detail. Texture detail is acquired via a common photographic process directly from the real object. These images are then registered and stitched on the 3D mesh, by integrating them into a single standard texture map. An optimal correspondence between regions of the 3D mesh and sections of the acquired images is built. Then, a new approach is proposed to produce a smooth join between different images that map on adjacent sections of the surface, based on texture blending. For each mesh face which is on the adjacency border between different observed images, a corresponding triangular texture patch is resampled as a weighted blend of the corresponding adjacent images sections. The accuracy of the resampling and blending process is improved by computing an accurate piecewise local registration of the original images with respect to the current face vertices. Examples of the results obtained with sample Cultural Heritage objects are presented and discussed.
The sentinel lymph node: More than just another blue lymph node (2003)

Abstract DOI 10.1002/cncr.11270
High density lipoprotein receptors, binding proteins, and ligands (1999)

Several HDL binding proteins, quite disparate in structure, have recently been cloned and their role in HDL metabolism is currently being assessed. High density lipoprotein binding protein, HBP (vigilin), which lacks a transmembrane domain is responsive to cell cholesterol levels, but its physiological significance remains unknown. On the other hand much is known about SR-B1, a member of the class B scavenger receptors. The level of SR-B1 expression correlates with both the selective transfer of cholesteryl ester into cells and cholesterol efflux from cells, the transfers probably mediated after docking of HDL at the cell surface. SR-B1 exhibits broad ligand specificity and, in animal models, appears to be regulated by the action of pituitary hormones that stimulate steroidogenesis, suggesting an important role for steroid hormone production in supplying precursor cholesterol. Another candidate HDL receptor, HB2, one of a pair of liver HDL binding proteins, shows high sequence homology with adhesion molecules, particularly activated leukocyte-cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM). When HB2 is overexpressed in cells, HDL binding increases. After PMA-induced differentiation of monocytes into macrophages, HB2 mRNA is strikingly elevated, which correlates with increased binding of HDL, but is down-regulated by cholesterol loading of macrophages. The ligand specificity of the HDL receptors, confounded by nonspecific lipid interactions, remains controversial. Their affinity for apoA-I versus apoA-I/A-II-rich HDL particles has clinical implications; both specific sequences in apoA-I and amphipathic alpha-helices may determine binding events. Post-receptor-mediated signalling events may regulate cell functions which, although not primarily related to lipid transport, nevertheless protect against coronary artery disease. Growing evidence for the involvement of lipid-poor apoA-I as a mediator of such pathways is also discussed.
Clinical and experimental uses of umbilical cord blood (2002)

Umbilical cord blood (UCB) has been used successfully as an alternative source of haemopoietic stem cells (HSC) in allogeneic stem-cell transplantation for the treatment of acquired and genetic diseases. Advantages of using UCB include: (i) no risk to the donor, (ii) no donor attrition, (iii) minimal risk of viral transmission and (iv) immediate availability. Early results have highlighted differences in engraftment rates and toxicity between UCB and other sources of HSC. These differences relate to the low cell dose in UCB and also to the intrinsic properties of UCB. In this article, the clinical outcome of UCB transplantation (UCBT) will be reviewed with a discussion of the biological characteristics of UCB that may account for some of the clinical outcomes. To overcome the limitations of low cell dose, novel approaches such as ex vivo expansion of HSC are being actively explored, and this will be summarized in the present study. Finally, the success of UCBT has led to the establishment of dedicated UCB banks worldwide and the regulatory issues surrounding this will be briefly discussed.
Recent Advances in the Development of Oxytocin Receptor Antagonists (1996)

Abstract: During the last decade there has been significant progress in the design and discovery of new structural classes of oxytocin antagonists. Continued study of oxytocin analogs has led to the design of antagonists. The similar topography of important functionalities in peptide and non-peptide oxytocin antagonists suggest the possibility of a common pharmacophore. New modifications to the classical antagonist analogs of oxytocin have provided analogs with significant improvements in potency, dura- tion of action, oxytocin receptor selectivity, and bioavailability by non-parenteral routes of administration. In addition, optimization within two structural classes of non-peptides has provided potent and selective analogs which offer the potential for obtaining a clinically useful, orally bioavailable oxytocin antagonist. Human clinical studies with the peptidic oxytocin antagonist, atosiban, have implicated oxytocin as a potential contributor to the pathophysiology of preterm labor and suggests that oxytocin receptor blockade may offer a useful new method for preventing premature birth.
Chinoxaline. XXIV. Synthese von 4‐substituierten 1,2,3‐Triazolo[1,5‐a]chinoxalinen (1987)

Quinoxalines. XXIV. Synthesis of 4‐Substituted 1,2,3‐Triazolo [1, 5‐a] quinoxalines 3‐Substituted quinoxaline‐2‐carbaldehydes 1 react with tosylhydrazide to give 3‐substituted quinoxaline‐2‐carbaldehyde tosylhydrazones 2 . The treatment of 2 with a boiling solution of sodium methoxide or ethoxide – the so called Bamford‐Stevens reaction – leads to 4‐substituted 1,2,3‐triazolo[1,5‐a]quinoxalines 4 in high yields. Some of these compounds were also obtained by thermolysis of 2 .
Designing Non-Peptide Peptidomimetics in the 21st Century:  Inhibitors Targeting Conformational Ensembles (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPerspectiveNEXTDesigning Non-Peptide Peptidomimetics in the 21st Century: Inhibitors Targeting Conformational EnsemblesMatthew G. Bursavich and Daniel H. RichView Author Information Department of Chemistry and School of Pharmacy, University of WisconsinMadison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2002, 45, 3, 541–558Publication Date (Web):January 24, 2002Publication History Received10 September 2001Published online24 January 2002Published inissue 1 January 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm010425bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm010425breview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1966Altmetric-Citations180LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Conformation,Inhibitors,Peptides and proteins,Peptidomimetics,Receptors Get e-Alerts