gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CORM‐A1: a new pharmacologically active carbon monoxide‐releasing molecule (2004)

Carbon monoxide (CO) is emerging as an important and versatile mediator of physiological processes to the extent that treatment of animals with exogenous CO gas has beneficial effects in a range of vascular- and inflammatory-related disease models. The recent discovery that certain transition metal carbonyls function as CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) in biological systems highlighted the potential of exploiting this and similar classes of compounds as a stratagem to deliver CO for therapeutic purposes. Here we describe the biochemical features and pharmacological actions of a newly identified water-soluble CO releaser (CORM-A1) that, unlike the first prototypic molecule recently described (CORM-3), does not contain a transition metal and liberates CO at a much slower rate under physiological conditions. Using a myoglobin assay and an amperometric CO electrode, we demonstrated that the release of CO from CORM-A1 is both pH- and temperature-dependent with a half-life of approximately 21 min at 37 degrees C and pH 7.4. In isolated aortic rings, CORM-A1 promoted a gradual but profound concentration-dependent vasorelaxation over time, which was highly amplified by YC-1 (1 microM) and attenuated by ODQ, a stimulator and inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, respectively. Similarly, administration of CORM-A1 (30 micromol/kg i.v.) in vivo produced a mild decrease in mean arterial pressure, which was markedly potentiated by pretreatment with YC-1 (1.2 micromol/kg i.v.). Interestingly, an inactive form of CORM-A1 that is incapable of releasing CO failed to promote both vasorelaxation and hypotension, thus directly implicating CO as the mediator of the observed pharmacological effects. Our results reveal that the bioactivities exerted by CORM-A1 reflect its intrinsic biochemical behavior of a slow CO releaser, which may be advantageous in the treatment of chronic conditions that require CO to be delivered in a carefully controlled manner.
S‐Nitroso‐β‐Cyclodextrins as New Bimodal Carriers: Preparation, Detailed Characterization, Nitric‐Oxide Release, and Molecular Encapsulation (2013)

I can′t get NO satisfaction: 6-Mono- and 6-multi-S-nitroso-β-cyclodextrins (SNO-βCDs) were characterized in terms of their SNO content, conformational preference, thermal and photochemical release of NO, and their ability to encapsulate guest molecules, as well as cell permeation and toxicity. SNO-βCDs are promising bimodal molecules of satisfactory stability that combine photochemically or thermally induced NO release with drug-carrier ability. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Poly(l-lysine)-g-poly(ethylene glycol) Layers on Metal Oxide Surfaces:  Surface-Analytical Characterization and Resistance to Serum and Fibrinogen Adsorption (2000)

Poly(l-lysine)-g-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLL-g-PEG) is a member of a family of polycationic PEG-grafted copolymers that have been shown to chemisorb on anionic surfaces, including various metal oxide surfaces, providing a high degree of resistance to protein adsorption. PLL-g-PEG-modified surfaces are attractive for a variety of applications including sensor chips for bioaffinity assays and blood-contacting biomedical devices. The analytical and structural properties of PLL-g-PEG adlayers on niobium oxide (Nb2O5), tantalum oxide (Ta2O5), and titanium oxide (TiO2) surfaces were investigated using reflection−absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS), angle-dependent X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The combined analytical information provides clear evidence for an architecture with the cationic poly(l-lysine) attached electrostatically to the oxide surfaces (charged negatively at physiological pH) and the poly(ethylene oxide) side chains extending out from the surface. The relative intensities of the vibrational modes in the RAIRS spectra and the angle-dependent XPS data point to the PLL backbone being located directly at and parallel to the oxide/polymer interface, whereas the PEG chains are preferentially oriented in the direction perpendicular to the surface. Both positive and negative ToF-SIMS spectra are dominated by PEG-related secondary ion fragments with strongly reduced metal (oxide) intensities pointing to an (almost) complete coverage by the densely packed PEG comblike grafts. The three different transition metal oxide surfaces with isoelectric points well below 7 were found to behave very similarly, both in respect to the kinetics of the polymer adlayer adsorption and properties as well as in terms of protein resistance of the PLL-g-PEG-modified surface. Adsorption of serum and fibrinogen was evaluated using the OWLS optical planar waveguide technique. The amount of human serum adsorbed on the modified surfaces was consistently below the detection limit of the optical sensor technique used (<1−2 ng cm-2), and fibrinogen adsorption was reduced by 96−98% in comparison to the nonmodified (bare) oxide surfaces.
Mobile multimedia-challenges and opportunities (2000)

Today, we observe the creation of an increasing number of multimedia consumer devices for mobile and home use. This includes set-top-boxes, game consoles, personal digital assistants (PDA), e-books, but also mobile phones. Although these devices have many things in common with desktop PCs-above all Internet access-it is widely accepted that they will serve a different purpose. Many committees and companies are currently trying to define the open application platform for tomorrow's consumer terminals for home use, among others the so-called Multimedia Home Platform (MHP) of the European Digital Video Broadcasting (DVE) project. Meanwhile, on the cellular end of the multimedia business, portable appliances like cellular phones, e-books and PDAs are evolving to multimedia terminals, starting from narrow band Internet services like the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) and slowly adopting video technologies. One of the main obstacles to overcome is bandwidth limitation-even for 3G mobile systems-and broadcast technology is considered to be a serious candidate to fill this gap, both for TV and data services. A special challenge is to provide multimedia services in vehicles, where, due to the static environment relative to the driver, some requirements for mobile and static terminals apply at the same time. This paper summarizes some trends and opportunities of mobile multimedia-especially in the DVB and GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) domain, while outlining the different requirements for mobile, home and car use of multimedia services.
Detrended fluctuation analysis of non-stationary cardiac beat-to-beat interval of sick infants (2014)

We performed detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) of cardiac beat-to-beat intervals (RRis) collected from sick newborn infants over 1–4 day periods. We calculated four different metrics from the DFA fluctuation function: the DFA exponents (>40 beats up to one-fourth of the record length), (15–30 beats), root-mean-square (RMS) fluctuation on a short-time scale (20–50 beats), and RMS fluctuation on a long-time scale (110–150 beats). Except , all metrics clearly distinguished two groups of newborn infants (favourable vs. adverse) with well-characterized outcomes. However, the RMS fluctuations distinguished the two groups more consistently over time compared to . Furthermore, RMS distinguished the RRi of the two groups earlier compared to the DFA exponent. In all the three measures, the favourable outcome group displayed higher values, indicating a higher magnitude of (auto-)correlation and variability, thus normal physiology, compared to the adverse outcome group.
Immune Responses to Polyethylene Glycol Modified <i>L</i><i>-</i>Asparaginase in Mice (1985)

Suppression of anti-L-asparaginase (anti-A-ase) IgG and IgE antibody responses was achieved in Balb/c mice with polyethylene glycol (PEG, MW, 5,000) conjugated Escherichia coli A-ase. Following the administration of the mixture of A-ase and PEG-A-ase, antibody production to A-ase was reduced. PEG-A-ase administration prior to A-ase suppressed the primary and secondary responses to A-ase antibody. The suppression could be transferred to normal mice with spleen cells from A-ase tolerant mice. The cell transfer experiment showed that the suppression was caused by suppressor T cells. Since PEG-A-ase administration failed to suppress antibody response to ovalbumin, the suppression seemed to be A-ase specific. PEG-A-ase administration also suppressed the delayed type hypersensitivity reaction. IgG and IgE antibodies to PEG or PEG-A-ase were not detected in mice immunized with PEG or PEG-A-ase in the presence of Freund's complete adjuvant or A1(OH)3, respectively.
Elementary Quantitative Analysis. Theory and Practice. (1934)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElementary Quantitative Analysis. Theory and Practice.Hobart H. WillardHobart H. WillardMore by Hobart H. Willard and N. Howell FurmanN. Howell FurmanMore by N. Howell FurmanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1934, 38, 6, 853Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1934Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1934https://doi.org/10.1021/j150357a015RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views50Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (102 KB) Get e-Alerts
Spin-polarized current switching of a Co thin film nanomagnet (2000)

A thin film Co nanomagnet in the shape of an elongated hexagon has been incorporated in a vertical device structure consisting of the nanomagnet and a thin Cu spacer layer formed on top of a thick Co film. The spin-polarized current flowing between the nanomagnet and the Co film is used to abruptly switch the magnetic alignment of the nanomagnet relative to that of the thick Co layer by the transfer of spin angular momentum from the conduction electrons to the nanomagnet moment. The shape anisotropy in the nanomagnet promotes the single domain behavior required for nonvolatile memory applications.
Analysis of two divergent rat genomic clones homologous to the transforming gene of Harvey murine sarcoma virus. (1981)

Harvey murine sarcoma virus (Ha-MuSV) is a mouse-rat recombinant retrovirus that encodes a protein designated p21, required for virally induced transformation. Using a radiolabeled DNA fragment from the p21 coding region, we have detected homologous DNA sequences in the normal DNA of rats and of several other vertebrate species. Moreover, many tested cells from these species contain low levels of a p21 protein that is highly related to viral 21. Now we report two independent fragments from normal rat DNA containing sequences (sarc) homologous to the Ha-MuSV transforming region that were cloned in the bacteriophage vector Charon 4A. Sarc sequences in the one fragment are completely colinear with the viral sequences and share apparently all restriction endonuclease sites. Sarc sequences in the second fragment have several sets of intervening sequences and lack some restriction endonuclease sites found in the viral transforming region. Despite the presence of these intervening sequences in the second sarc fragment, we have been able to ligate this sarc fragment to the long terminal repeat sequence of HaMuSV and to induce cellular transformation and high levels of p21 expression upon transfection of this DNA to NIH 3T3 mouse cells. These results suggest that elevated levels of p21, normally expressed at low levels in a variety of cells, can induce cellular transformation.
Immunoglobulins reactive with myelin basic protein promote CNS remyelination (1996)

We tested the hypothesis that immunoglobulins directed against a CNS autoantigen, myelin basic protein, may promote remyelination in the course of a chronic, immune-mediated demyelinating disease. SJL/J mice infected chronically with Daniel's strain of Theiler's virus served as an experimental model of MS. The spinal cords of these mice exhibit extensive primary demyelination and inflammation with minimal spontaneous remyelination. Treatment with whole antiserum or affinity-purified mouse immunoglobulins directed against rat or rabbit myelin basic protein increased new myelin synthesis as measured by quantitative morphometry. Electron microscopy revealed numerous oligodendrocytes in remyelinated CNS lesions and a relative lack of inflammatory cells. Viral antigen persisted in the spinal cord despite enhanced CNS-type remyelination. These findings indicate that immunoglobulins reactive with myelin autoantigens have the potential to promote myelin repair.
Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 Facilitates Tumor Detection by Positron Emission Tomography and Optical Imaging (2008)

EcN can be imaged by PET, based on the expression of endogenous E. coli thymidine kinase, and this imaging paradigm could be translated to patient studies for the detection of solid tumors. Bioluminescence imaging provides a low-cost alternative to PET imaging in small animals.
Microbial production and metabolic engineering of chondroitin and chondroitin sulfate (2018)

Several commercial uses and potential novel applications have recently been described for chondroitin sulfate (CS). However, the currently applied animal extractive procedure has a high environmental impact, which may become more profound especially in relation to the forecasted expansion of the CS market for applications as a food supplement, pharmaceutical ingredient, and biopolymer in materials for regenerative medicine. This issue, together with religious and consumer concerns, has prompted the good manufacturing practice (GMP) of chondroitin and CS. This is achievable by combining the design of metabolically engineered microorganisms and tailor-made fermentation processes with semi-synthetic or enzyme-based approaches. The final target is to obtain molecules with specific sulfation patterns that resemble those occurring in natural products and improve the sulfation motif or introduce specific substitutions, such as fucosylation, to tune the biological function. The frontier that is currently triggering attention is related to evaluating the bioactivity of unsulfated chondroitin. Due to recent advancements in the field, a brief survey of the most recent patent and research literature is discussed here.
Introduction to Fourier optics (1968)

The fourth edition of this respected text considerably expands the original and reflects the tremendous advances made in the discipline since 1968. All material has been thoroughly updated and several new sections explore recent progress in important areas, such as wavelength modulation, analog information processing, and holography. Fourier analysis is a ubiquitous tool with applications in diverse areas of physics and engineering. This book explores these applications in the field of optics with a special emphasis on applications to diffraction, imaging, optical data processing, and holography. This book can be used as a textbook to satisfy the needs of several different types of courses, and it is directed toward both engineers ad physicists. By varying the emphasis on different topics and specific applications, the book can be used successfully in a wide range of basic Fourier Optics or Optical Signal Processing courses.
New challenges in therapeutic vaccines against HIV infection (2017)

There is a growing interest in developing curative strategies for HIV infection. Therapeutic vaccines are one of the most promising approaches. We will review the current knowledge and the new challenges in this research field. Areas covered: PubMed and ClinicalTrial.gov databases were searched to review the progress and prospects for clinical development of immunotherapies aimed to cure HIV infection. Dendritic cells (DC)-based vaccines have yielded the best results in the field. However, major immune-virologic barriers may hamper current vaccine strategies. We will focus on some new challenges as the antigen presentation by DCs, CTL escape mutations, B cell follicle sanctuary, host immune environment (inflammation, immune activation, tolerance), latent reservoir and the lack of surrogate markers of response. Finally, we will review the rationale for designing new therapeutic vaccine candidates to be used alone or in combination with other strategies to improve their effectiveness. Expert commentary: In the next future, the combination of DCs targeting candidates, inserts to redirect responses to unmutated parts of the virus, adjuvants to redirect responses to sanctuaries or improve the balance between activation/tolerance (IL-15, anti-PD1 antibodies) and latency reversing agents could be necessary to finally achieve the remission of HIV-1 infection.
Parylene background fluorescence study for biomems applications (2009)

Parylene is a commonly used material in bio-MEMS field. Background fluorescence of parylene film itself can be a major obstacle for parylene-based devices used in fluorescent detection. We report here an in-depth study of the fluorescence mechanisms of parylene-C and parylene-HT films with fluorescent microscopy, fluorimeter, and infrared spectroscopy. Influences of fabrication process on background fluorescence of the devices are discussed. Solutions to reduce background fluorescence are provided and effectiveness is confirmed. Parylene-HT is found to be a more promising candidate for Bio-MEMS applications for fluorescence concern. The methods and results are valuable to other polymer materials in MEMS field.
Electrostimulation and Opiate Withdrawal (1985)

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ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF THE TWO ISOMERS OF THE POTENTIAL SEX PHEROMONE OF THAUMETOPOEA PITYOCAMPA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOTODONTIDAE) AND RELATED MODEL COMPOUNDS (1981)

Abstract Nach bekannten Methoden werden die Sex‐Pheromone des Prozessionsspinners (I) E′! und (II) und die vier strukturverwandten Modellverbindungen (III)‐(VI) dargestellt.
Molecular cloning of PEC-60 and expression of its mRNA and peptide in the gastrointestinal tract and immune system. (1992)

The peptide PEC-60, structurally related to the pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor, inhibits glucose-induced insulin secretion. Here we report on the structure of a cDNA clone from pig duodenum encoding PEC-60. The cDNA encodes a 86-amino acid long precursor protein containing a 26-amino acid signal sequence, implying that the mature PEC-60 peptide is secreted from cells. Analysis of porcine duodenum demonstrated a high expression of a 0.6-kilobase long PEC-60 mRNA in this tissue, as well as the presence of strong PEC-60-like immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm of the majority of the goblet cells of the epithelium. High levels of PEC-60 mRNA were also found in the bone marrow and the peripheral blood and moderate levels in the spleen. A strong PEC-60-like immunoreactivity was localized in the monocytes of peripheral blood. Radioimmunoassay revealed high levels of pig PEC-60-like immunoreactivity in pig plasma suggesting that the PEC-60 peptide is efficiently released from cells. These findings imply that the gastrointestinal peptide PEC-60 is formed, stored, and secreted from monocytes present within the bone marrow and in the peripheral blood, indicating a role of the PEC-60 peptide in the immune system in addition to its function as a gastrointestinal peptide.
The Al Pillaring of Clays. Part II. Pillaring with [Al13O4(OH)24(H2O)12]7+ (1994)

Abstract Hectorite and saponite are exchanged with [Al 13 O 4 (OH) 24 (H 2 O) 12 ] 7+ and the amount of Al 3+ adsorbed and Na + released are followed as a function of the exchange conditions. On saponite the reaction is a pure ion exchange with 2–2.15 mmol Al 3+ /g adsorbed and release of 0.80 mmol Na + /g. On hectorite the ion exchange is accompanied by supplementary hydrolysis-polymerization of Al 13 . When excess Al is offered in the form of Al 13 , ion exchange is incomplete and is accompanied by precipitation and polymerization of Al 13 on the surface of both hectorite and saponite. The typical spacing of 1.8 nm is developed after washing, when at least 1.3–1.4 mmol Al 3+ /g is adsorbed. Above a loading of 2.2–2.5 mmol/g the 1.8 nm spacing is obtained without washing. Only pillared saponite with a loading of at least 1.9 mmol Al 3+ /g is thermally stable up to 550°C.
Direct interaction of the alpha and gamma subunits of the G proteins. Purification and analysis by limited proteolysis. (1994)

The heterotrimeric G proteins are often regarded functionally as a heterodimer, consisting of a guanine nucleotide-binding alpha subunit and a beta gamma subunit complex. Since the tightly associated beta gamma subunit complex can be separated only under denaturing conditions, studies aimed at determining the individual contributions of the beta and gamma subunits in terms of binding to the various alpha subunits, interacting with receptors, and regulating effectors, have not been possible. To circumvent this problem, we have used baculovirus-infected cells to direct the individual expression of the beta 1 and gamma 2 subunits. Application of extracts from baculovirus-infected cells to an alpha subunit of G protein (G(o) alpha)-affinity matrix resulted in the selective retention and AMF-specific elution of the expressed gamma 2 subunit, but not the expressed beta 1 subunit. Overall, these and other data provide the first evidence of a direct association between the gamma and alpha subunits, which is dependent on prenylation of gamma. The apparent direct association between the gamma and alpha subunits was further probed by limited trypsin proteolysis. Upon addition of trypsin, the G(o) alpha subunit was rapidly cleaved to a 24-kDa fragment. However, in the presence of the purified gamma 2 subunit, trypsin cleavage of the G(o) alpha subunit was completely prevented. This demonstration of a direct association between the gamma and alpha subunits is particularly intriguing in light of the increasingly large number of known alpha, beta, and gamma subunits, which raises important questions regarding the assembly of these subunits into functionally distinct G proteins. Thus, a direct association between the gamma and alpha subunits, which exhibit the greatest structural diversity, may provide the basis for the selective assembly of these subunits into G proteins with functional diversity.