gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ray tracing of nonlinear fractals (1998)

We present a new kind of parametric Lindenmayer-systems called nonlinear CSG-pL-Systems, which are useful for the modeling of nonlinear fractals and fractal like objects. Nonlinear CSGpL-systems describe cyclic CSG-Graphs,which can include several nonlinear transformations. To render the given objects a ray tracing algorithm is introduced,that is independent of the transformations and the under laying CSG-primitives. We use tapering,twist and bend as nonlinear transformations for our implementation. The new modeling possibilities and their visualization for abstract fractals and natural phenomena are investigated.
An immortalized adult human erythroid line facilitates sustainable and scalable generation of functional red cells (2017)

With increasing worldwide demand for safe blood, there is much interest in generating red blood cells in vitro as an alternative clinical product. However, available methods for in vitro generation of red cells from adult and cord blood progenitors do not yet provide a sustainable supply, and current systems using pluripotent stem cells as progenitors do not generate viable red cells. We have taken an alternative approach, immortalizing early adult erythroblasts generating a stable line, which provides a continuous supply of red cells. The immortalized cells differentiate efficiently into mature, functional reticulocytes that can be isolated by filtration. Extensive characterization has not revealed any differences between these reticulocytes and in vitro-cultured adult reticulocytes functionally or at the molecular level, and importantly no aberrant protein expression. We demonstrate a feasible approach to the manufacture of red cells for clinical use from in vitro culture.
Catalytic Reactions Involving C1 Feedstocks:  New High-Activity Zn(II)-Based Catalysts for the Alternating Copolymerization of Carbon Dioxide and Epoxides (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTCatalytic Reactions Involving C1 Feedstocks: New High-Activity Zn(II)-Based Catalysts for the Alternating Copolymerization of Carbon Dioxide and EpoxidesMing Cheng, Emil B. Lobkovsky, and Geoffrey W. CoatesView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University Ithaca, New York 14853 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 42, 11018–11019Publication Date (Web):October 9, 1998Publication History Received23 July 1998Published online9 October 1998Published inissue 1 October 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja982601khttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja982601krapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5986Altmetric-Citations425LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Copolymerization,Ethers,Inorganic carbon compounds,Oxides Get e-Alerts
Structural and functional characterization of the human T lymphocyte receptor for insulin-like growth factor I in vitro. (1988)

Growth factor receptors for T lymphocytes, such as interleukin 2 and insulin, are present on activated but not resting T lymphocytes. We sought to determine if insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) could act as a growth factor for human T cells and to characterize its receptor on resting and activated cells. Recombinant IGF-I induced two separate functions. It was chemotactic for and increased incorporation of tritiated thymidine into both unactivated (resting) and mitogen-activated T cells. High-affinity 125I-IGF-I binding to human T cells was saturable with an apparent Kd of 1.2 +/- .6 X 10(-10) M for binding to activated T cells and 1.2 +/- .9 X 10(-10) for unactivated T cells. The calculated binding for activated cells was 330 +/- 90 and for resting cells 45 +/- 9 high-affinity receptor sites per cell. Affinity cross-linking of 125I-IGF-I to resting or activated T cells revealed a radioligand-receptor complex of 360,000 mol wt when analyzed by SDS-PAGE without reduction and complexes of 270,000 and 135,000 mol wt upon reduction; prior incubation with excess unlabeled IGF-I prevented formation of the 125I-IGF-I receptor complex. Our data suggest that both resting and activated T lymphocytes bear functional IGF-I receptors similar to those found in other tissues. These receptors may mediate T cell growth and chemotaxis.
Development, Characterization, and Application of Paper Spray Ionization (2010)

Paper spray is developed as a direct sampling ionization method for mass spectrometric analysis of complex mixtures. Ions of analyte are generated by applying a high voltage to a paper triangle wetted with a small volume (<10 microL) of solution. Samples can be preloaded onto the paper, added with the wetting solution, or transferred from surfaces using the paper as a wipe. It is demonstrated that paper spray is applicable to the analysis of a wide variety of compounds, including small organic compounds, peptides, and proteins. Procedures are developed for analysis of dried biofluid spots and applied to therapeutic drug monitoring with whole blood samples and to illicit drug detection in raw urine samples. Limits of detection of 50 ng/mL (or 20 pg absolute) are achieved for atenolol in bovine blood. The combination of sample collection from surfaces and paper spray ionization also enables fast chemical screening at high sensitivity, for example 100 pg of heroin distributed on a surface and agrochemicals on fruit peels are detectable. Online derivatization with a preloaded reagent is demonstrated for analysis of cholesterol in human serum. The combination of paper spray with miniature mass spectrometers offers a powerful impetus to wide application of mass spectrometry in nonlaboratory environments.
Current Knowledge on Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3): A Novel Virus With a Yet Unknown Impact on the Swine Industry (2018)

<i>Porcine circovirus 3</i> (PCV-3) is a recently described virus belonging to the family <i>Circoviridae</i>. It represents the third member of genus <i>Circovirus</i> able to infect swine, together with PCV-1, considered non-pathogenic, and PCV-2, one of the most economically relevant viruses for the swine worldwide industry. PCV-3 was originally found by metagenomics analyses in 2015 in tissues of pigs suffering from porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome, reproductive failure, myocarditis and multisystemic inflammation. The lack of other common pathogens as potential infectious agents of these conditions prompted the suspicion that PCV-3 might etiologically be involved in disease occurrence. Subsequently, viral genome was detected in apparently healthy pigs, and retrospective studies indicated that PCV-3 was already present in pigs by early 1990s. In fact, current evidence suggests that PCV-3 is a rather widespread virus worldwide. Recently, the virus DNA has also been found in wild boar, expanding the scope of infection susceptibility among the <i>Suidae</i> family; also, the potential reservoir role of this species for the domestic pig has been proposed. Phylogenetic studies with available PCV-3 partial and complete sequences from around the world have revealed high nucleotide identity (>96%), although two main groups and several subclusters have been described as well. Moreover, it has been proposed the existence of a most common ancestor dated around 50 years ago. Taking into account the economic importance and the well-known effects of PCV-2 on the swine industry, a new member of the same family like PCV-3 should not be neglected. Studies on epidemiology, pathogenesis, immunity and diagnosis are guaranteed in the next few years. Therefore, the present review will update the current knowledge and future trends of research on PCV-3.
Identifying the addressee in human-human-robot interactions based on head pose and speech (2004)

In this work we investigate the power of acoustic and visual cues, and their combination, to identify the addressee in a human-human-robot interaction. Based on eighteen audio-visual recordings of two human beings and a (simulated) robot we discriminate the interaction of the two humans from the interaction of one human with the robot. The paper compares the result of three approaches. The first approach uses purely acoustic cues to find the addressees. Low level, feature based cues as well as higher-level cues are examined. In the second approach we test whether the human's head pose is a suitable cue. Our results show that visually estimated head pose is a more reliable cue for the identification of the addressee in the human-human-robot interaction. In the third approach we combine the acoustic and visual cues which results in significant improvements.
Nortopsentins A, B, and C. Cytotoxic and antifungal imidazolediylbis[indoles] from the sponge Spongosorites ruetzleri (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNortopsentins A, B, and C. Cytotoxic and antifungal imidazolediylbis[indoles] from the sponge Spongosorites ruetzleriShinichi Sakemi and Hao H. SunCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 13, 4304–4307Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00013a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00013a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views598Altmetric-Citations169LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Hydrogels: Methods of Preparation, Characterisation and Applications in Molecular and Environmental Bioengineering (2011)

This chapter reviews the preparation methods of hydrogels from hydrophilic polymers of synthetic and natural origin with emphasis on water soluble natural biopolymers (hydrocolloids). Recent advances in radiation cross-linking methods for the preparation of hydrogel are particularly addressed. Additionally, methods to characterise these hydrogels and their proposed applications are also reviewed.
Novel Applications of Locked Nucleic Acids (2007)

Locked Nucleic Acid (LNA) nucleoside triphosphates were prepared and their substrate properties for different polymerases during primer extension and PCR experiments investigated. Phusion High Fidelity DNA polymerase and 9( degrees )Nm(TM) DNA polymerase readily accept LNA nucleoside 5'-triphosphates as substrates in primer extension assays. However, in PCR assays, However, in PCR assays, DNA 9oN(m) polymerase proved to be the best for amplification employing the LNA-A nucleotide.
TLR3 Deficiency in Patients with Herpes Simplex Encephalitis (2007)

Some Toll and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) provide immunity to experimental infections in animal models, but their contribution to host defense in natural ecosystems is unknown. We report a dominant-negative TLR3 allele in otherwise healthy children with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis. TLR3 is expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), where it is required to control HSV-1, which spreads from the epithelium to the CNS via cranial nerves. TLR3 is also expressed in epithelial and dendritic cells, which apparently use TLR3-independent pathways to prevent further dissemination of HSV-1 and to provide resistance to other pathogens in TLR3-deficient patients. Human TLR3 appears to be redundant in host defense to most microbes but is vital for natural immunity to HSV-1 in the CNS, which suggests that neurotropic viruses have contributed to the evolutionary maintenance of TLR3.
Experiences of building an ATM switch for the local area (1994)

The Fairisle project was concerned with ATM in the local area. An earlier paper [9] described the preliminary work and plans for the project. Here we present the experiences we have had with the Fairisle network, describing how implementation has changed over the life of the project, the lessons learned, and some conclusions about the work so far.
Targeting microRNAs as key modulators of tumor immune response (2016)

The role of immune response is emerging as a key factor in the complex multistep process of cancer. Tumor microenvironment contains different types of immune cells, which contribute to regulate the fine balance between anti and protumor signals. In this context, mechanisms of crosstalk between cancer and immune cells remain to be extensively elucidated. Interestingly, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been demonstrated to function as crucial regulators of immune response in both physiological and pathological conditions. Specifically, different miRNAs have been reported to have a role in controlling the development and the functions of tumor-associated immune cells. This review aims to describe the most important miRNAs acting as critical modulators of immune response in the context of different solid tumors. In particular, we discuss recent studies that have demonstrated the existence of miRNA-mediated mechanisms regulating the recruitment and the activation status of specific tumor-associated immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, various miRNAs have been found to target key cancer-related immune pathways, which concur to mediate the secretion of immunosuppressive or immunostimulating factors by cancer or immune cells. Modalities of miRNA exchange and miRNA-based delivery strategies are also discussed. Based on these findings, the modulation of individual or multiple miRNAs has the potential to enhance or inhibit specific immune subpopulations supporting antitumor immune responses, thus contributing to negatively affect tumorigenesis. New miRNA-based strategies can be developed for more effective immunotherapeutic interventions in cancer.
Efficacy of Postexposure Prophylaxis after Intravaginal Exposure of Pig-Tailed Macaques to a Human-Derived Retrovirus (Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2) (2000)

Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) after intravaginal exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was investigated using the HIV type 2 (HIV-2)/pig-tailed macaque transmission model. PEP for 28 days with the reverse transcriptase inhibitor (R)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine (PMPA; tenofovir) was initiated 12 to 72 h following HIV-2 exposure. Systemic infection was not evident in the 12- and 36-h groups, as defined by plasma viremia, cell-associated provirus, antibody responses, and lymph node virus. Breakthrough infection in the 72-h group was detected at week 16 post-virus exposure. These results demonstrate for the first time using a vaginal transmission model that early intervention after high-risk sexual exposures may prevent infection.
Reducing Extrinsic Performance-Limiting Factors in Graphene Grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition (2012)

Field-effect transistors fabricated on graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) often exhibit large hysteresis accompanied by low mobility, high positive backgate voltage corresponding to the minimum conductivity point (V(min)), and high intrinsic carrier concentration (n(0)). In this report, we show that the mobility reported to date for CVD graphene devices on SiO(2) is limited by trapped water between the graphene and SiO(2) substrate, impurities introduced during the transfer process and adsorbates acquired from the ambient. We systematically study the origin of the scattering impurities and report on a process which achieves the highest mobility (μ) reported to date on large-area devices for CVD graphene on SiO(2): maximum mobility (μ(max)) of 7800 cm(2)/(V·s) measured at room temperature and 12,700 cm(2)/(V·s) at 77 K. These mobility values are close to those reported for exfoliated graphene on SiO(2) and can be obtained through the careful control of device fabrication steps including minimizing resist residue and non-aqueous transfer combined with annealing. It is also observed that CVD graphene is prone to adsorption of atmospheric species, and annealing at elevated temperature in vacuum helps remove these species.
Preparation and Characterization of Albumin Conjugates of a Truncated Peptide YY Analogue for Half-Life Extension (2013)

Recombinant human serum albumin (HSA) conjugates of a 15-amino-acid truncated peptide YY (PYY) analogue were prepared using three heterobifunctional linkers [succinimidyl 4-[N-maleimidomethyl]cyclohexane-1-carboxylate (SMCC), 6-maleimidohexanoic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (MHS), and N-[γ-maleimidobutyryloxy]sulfosuccinimide ester (GMBS)] in 2 synthetic steps involving (1) reaction of succinimidyl ester on linker with ε-amine of Lys2 on the peptide and (2) reaction of maleimide on peptide linker with free thiol of Cysteine 34 (Cys34) on albumin. In-process controls using ESI LC-MS were used to follow reactions and identify reaction products. Proteolytic digests of the conjugate revealed that peptide conjugation occurs at Cys34 on HSA. Conjugates were assayed in cell-based assays to determine potency at the human Y2-receptor, and selectivity at the human Y1-, Y4-, and Y5-receptors using a calcium flux assay. All three conjugates assayed were selective agonists of the Y2-receptor, and displayed nanomolar potencies. MCC and MH conjugates were selected for acute PK/PD studies in DIO mice. Significant reduction in food intake was observed with the MH conjugate, which lasted for 24 h at the 10 mg (or 4 μmol)/kg dose. While the MCC conjugate exhibited greater potency in vitro, it was slightly less effective than the MH conjugate in vivo with respect to reduction in food intake. Both conjugates were significantly less active than the peptide coupled to a 30 kDa PEG. The observed T1/2 (8-9 h) for both conjugates was significantly lower than that observed for the PEGylated peptide (∼25 h). These results suggest that, as compared with the unmodified and PEGylated peptide, the extended circulation half-life of albumin conjugates is mediated through uptake and recirculation by FcRn, and allometric scaling methods are necessary to account for interspecies variation in pharmacokinetic properties.
Selecting, Acquiring, and Using Small Molecule Libraries for High‐Throughput Screening (2012)

The selection, acquisition and use of high quality small molecule libraries for screening is an essential aspect of drug discovery and chemical biology programs. Screening libraries continue to evolve as researchers gain a greater appreciation of the suitability of small molecules for specific biological targets, processes and environments. The decisions surrounding the make-up of any given small molecule library is informed by a multitude of variables and opinions vary on best-practices. The fitness of any collection relies upon upfront filtering to avoiding problematic compounds, assess appropriate physicochemical properties, install the ideal level of structural uniqueness and determine the desired extent of molecular complexity. These criteria are under constant evaluation and revision as academic and industrial organizations seek out collections that yield ever improving results from their screening portfolios. Practical questions including cost, compound management, screening sophistication and assay objective also play a significant role in the choice of library composition. This overview attempts to offer advice to all organizations engaged in small molecule screening based upon current best practices and theoretical considerations in library selection and acquisition.
Regulation of STATs by polycystin-1 and their role in polycystic kidney disease (2013)

Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common genetic disease caused by mutations in the gene coding for polycystin-1 (PC1). PC1 can regulate STAT transcription factors by a novel, dual mechanism. STAT3 and STAT6 are aberrantly activated in renal cysts. Genetic and pharmacological approaches to inhibit STAT3 or STAT6 have led to promising results in ADPKD mouse models. Here, we review current findings that lead to a model of PC1 as a key regulator of STAT signaling in renal tubule cells. We discuss how PC1 may orchestrate appropriate epithelial responses to renal injury, and how this system may lead to aberrant STAT activation in ADPKD thereby causing inappropriate activation of tissue repair programs that culminate in renal cyst growth and fibrosis.