gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of protein synthesis in vitro by a lectin from Momordica charantia and by other haemagglutinins (1979)

Protein synthesis by a rabbit reticulocyte lysate is inhibited by the haemagglutinating lectins from Momordica charantia and Crotalaria juncea seeds and from the roe of Rutilus rutilus, and by a commercial preparation of the mitogenic lectin from Phytolacca americana. The haemagglutinins from the seeds of Ricinus communis and of Vicia cracca acquired inhibitory activity after their reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol.
Usage of Tautomycetin, a Novel Inhibitor of Protein Phosphatase 1 (PP1), Reveals That PP1 Is a Positive Regulator of Raf-1 in Vivo (2002)

Protein phosphatase type 1 (PP1), together with protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), is a major eukaryotic serine/threonine protein phosphatase involved in regulation of numerous cell functions. Although the roles of PP2A have been studied extensively using okadaic acid, a well known inhibitor of PP2A, biological analysis of PP1 has remained restricted because of lack of a specific inhibitor. Recently we reported that tautomycetin (TC) is a highly specific inhibitor of PP1. To elucidate the biological effects of TC, we demonstrated in preliminary experiments that treatment of COS-7 cells with 5 microm TC for 5 h inhibits endogenous PP1 by more than 90% without affecting PP2A activity. Therefore, using TC as a specific PP1 inhibitor, the biological effect of PP1 on MAPK signaling was examined. First, we found that inhibition of PP1 in COS-7 cells by TC specifically suppresses activation of ERK, among three MAPK kinases (ERK, JNK, and p38). TC-mediated inhibition of PP1 also suppressed activation of Raf-1, resulting in the inactivation of the MEK-ERK pathway. To examine the role of PP1 in regulation of Raf-1, we overexpressed the PP1 catalytic subunit (PP1C) in COS-7 cells and found that PP1C enhanced activation of Raf-1 activity, whereas phosphatase-dead PP1C blocked Raf-1 activation. Furthermore, a physical interaction between PP1C and Raf-1 was also observed. These data strongly suggest that PP1 positively regulates Raf-1 in vivo.
New Scoring Functions for Virtual Screening from Molecular Dynamics Simulations with a Quantum‐Refined Force‐Field (QRFF‐MD). Application to Cyclin‐Dependent Kinase 2. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Attenuated Salmonella Targets Prodrug Activating Enzyme Carboxypeptidase G2 to Mouse Melanoma and Human Breast and Colon Carcinomas for Effective Suicide Gene Therapy (2008)

The bacteria multiply within tumors, resulting in a selective expression of CPG2. The CPG2-expressing bacteria alone reduce the growth of tumors. However, in the presence of prodrugs activated by CPG2, this oncolytic effect is greatly increased. We conclude that bacterial oncolytic therapy, combined with CPG2-mediated prodrug activation, has great potential in the treatment of a range of cancers.
Characteristics of Pulse MIG Arc Welding with a Wire Melting Rate Change by Current Polarity Effect (2007)

Joining thin aluminum alloy is difficult using most welding techniques. Many of the problems are associated with bum-through by the high heat input. Common welding techniques are TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas), MIG (Metal Inert Gas), and PULSE-MIG welding. The method provides more control of the heat balance in the welding arc by taking advantage of the different arc characteristics obtained with each of the two polarities. In this paper, we proposed a new welding method by control DSP 320C32, and the characteristic and experiment result-voltage, current, welding bead, and penetrations by this method are presented.
New Models for Natural and Hydraulic Fracturing of Heterogeneous Rock (1995)

ABSTRACT The development of fracture networks in heterogeneous rock during natural or hydraulic fracturing is studied using discrete network models of rock and Monte Carlo simulations. The models produce complex fractal networks of interconnected fractures whose structures depend on the spatial distribution of the heterogeneities of the rock. The resulting fracture patterns and their properties are shown to be in agreement with those of field-scale porous media. Thus, given the distribution of the heterogeneities of rock, one can simulate its fracturing process, and obtain an accurate map of its fracture network.
Acoustically induced cortical arousal increases phasic pharyngeal muscle and diaphragmatic EMG in NREM sleep (1994)

Six healthy subjects (3 males, 3 females) were studied to assess phasic inspiratory responses of upper airway (UA) and diaphragm muscles to electrocortical arousal independent of other potential respiratory stimulation. Transient electroencephalographic (EEG) arousal (abrupt EEG frequency shift > or = 3 s without awakening) was induced during supine stage 2 non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep with binaural tone bursts (0.5 s, 4 kHz, 25-95 dB). Electromyograms (EMG) of levator veli palatini (EMGlvp) and genioglossus (EMGgg) were obtained with intramuscular electrodes, and EMG of diaphragm (EMGdi) was obtained with esophageal electrodes. EMG signals were processed as moving time-averaged inspiratory activity over 100-ms windows. For each arousal, each of five consecutive postarousal breaths (R1-R5) was scored for peak inspiratory phasic EMG and normalized as percent averaged EMG of the three prearousal breaths for all muscles. After arousal, EMGlvp was increased for R1-R5 and EMGgg and EMGdi were increased for R1-R4. The increase in EMGlvp was greater than those of EMGgg and EMGdi for all response breaths. There was a significant increase in EMGlvp in all subjects, and EMGgg and EMGdi were significantly increased in three and two subjects, respectively. These data indicate that isolated transient electrocortical arousal is generally associated with phasic inspiratory recruitment of UA and diaphragm muscles in normal humans during NREM sleep; velopharyngeal muscle recruitment appears to be more consistent and of greater magnitude and duration than that of oropharyngeal muscle or diaphragm. We speculate that transient arousal from sleep may contribute to UA patency independent of chemical and mechanical respiratory stimuli.
Bipodal Surface Organometallic Complexes with Surface N-Donor Ligands and Application to the Catalytic Cleavage of C–H and C–C Bonds in n-Butane (2013)

We present a new generation of "true vicinal" functions well-distributed on the inner surface of SBA15: [(≡Si-NH2)(≡Si-OH)] (1) and [(≡Si-NH2)2] (2). From these amine-modified SBA15s, two new well-defined surface organometallic species [(≡Si-NH-)(≡Si-O-)]Zr(CH2tBu)2 (3) and [(≡Si-NH-)2]Zr(CH2tBu)2 (4) have been obtained by reaction with Zr(CH2tBu)4. The surfaces were characterized with 2D multiple-quantum (1)H-(1)H NMR and infrared spectroscopies. Energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM), mass balance, and elemental analysis unambiguously proved that Zr(CH2tBu)4 reacts with these vicinal amine-modified surfaces to give mainly bipodal bis(neopentyl)zirconium complexes (3) and (4), uniformly distributed in the channels of SBA15. (3) and (4) react with hydrogen to give the homologous hydrides (5) and (6). Hydrogenolysis of n-butane catalyzed by these hydrides was carried out at low temperature (100 °C) and low pressure (1 atm). While (6) exhibits a bis(silylamido)zirconium bishydride, [(≡Si-NH-)2]Zr(H)2 (6a) (60%), and a bis(silylamido)silyloxozirconium monohydride, [(≡Si-NH-)2(≡Si-O-)]ZrH (6b) (40%), (5) displays a new surface organometallic complex characterized by an (1)H NMR signal at 14.46 ppm. The latter is assigned to a (silylimido)(silyloxo)zirconium monohydride, [(≡Si-N═)(≡Si-O-)]ZrH (5b) (30%), coexistent with a (silylamido)(silyloxo)zirconium bishydride, [(≡Si-NH-)(≡Si-O-)]Zr(H)2 (5a) (45%), and a silylamidobis(silyloxo)zirconium monohydride, [(≡Si-NH-)(≡Si-O-)2]ZrH (5c) (25%). Surprisingly, nitrogen surface ligands possess catalytic properties already encountered with silicon oxide surfaces, but interestingly, catalyst (5) with chelating [N,O] shows better activity than (6) with chelating [N,N].
The clinical utility of bone marker measurements in osteoporosis (2013)

Osteoporosis is characterised by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue, resulting in increased fragility and susceptibility to fracture. Osteoporotic fractures are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Direct medical costs from such fractures in the UK are currently estimated at over two billion pounds per year, resulting in a substantial healthcare burden that is expected to rise exponentially due to increasing life expectancy. Currently bone mineral density is the WHO standard for diagnosis of osteoporosis, but poor sensitivity means that potential fractures will be missed if it is used alone. During the past decade considerable progress has been made in the identification and characterisation of specific biomarkers to aid the management of metabolic bone disease. Technological developments have greatly enhanced assay performance producing reliable, rapid, non-invasive cost effective assays with improved sensitivity and specificity. We now have a greater understanding of the need to regulate pre-analytical sample collection to minimise the effects of biological variation. However, bone turnover markers (BTMs) still have limited clinical utility. It is not routinely recommended to use BTMs to select those at risk of fractures, but baseline measurements of resorption markers are useful before commencement of anti-resorptive treatment and can be checked 3-6 months later to monitor response and adherence to treatment. Similarly, formation markers can be used to monitor bone forming agents. BTMs may also be useful when monitoring patients during treatment holidays and aid in the decision as to when therapy should be recommenced. Recent recommendations by the Bone Marker Standards Working Group propose to standardise research and include a specific marker of bone resorption (CTX) and bone formation (P1NP) in all future studies. It is hoped that improved research in turn will lead to optimised markers for the clinical management of osteoporosis and other bone diseases.
Nerve Growth Factor Modulates the Activation of the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Axis during the Stress Response (1991)

In the present study, we have investigated the functional relationship between the nerve growth factor protein (NGF) and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (HPAA). We have found that while iv injected NGF is able to stimulate the HPAA activity in rats, NGF is not able to stimulate the axis after a block of the hypothalamus produced by chlorpromazine-morphine-Nembutal treatment. Also, the stress activation of the HPAA is significantly reduced by pretreatment of the rats with anti-NGF immunoglobulin G. These results suggest that the stimulatory action of NGF on HPAA activity requires the release of ACTH secretagogues from the hypothalamus and that NGF may modulate the HPAA response to stress stimuli.
Metalorganic chemical vapor phase epitaxy of gallium‐nitride on silicon (2003)

GaN growth on Si is very attractive for low-cost optoelectronics and high-frequency, high-power electronics. It also opens a route towards an integration with Si electronics. Early attempts to grow GaN on Si suffered from large lattice and thermal mismatch and the strong chemical reactivity of Ga and Si at elevated temperatures. The latter problem can be easily solved using gallium-free seed layers as nitrided AlAs and AlN. The key problem for device structure growth on Si is the thermal mismatch leading to cracks for layer thicknesses above 1 μm. Meanwhile, several concepts for strain engineering exist as patterning, Al(Ga)N/GaN superlattices, and low-temperature (LT) AlN interlayers which enable the growth of device- relevant GaN thicknesses. The high dislocation density in the heteropitaxial films can be reduced by several methods which are based on lateral epitaxial overgrowth using ex-situ masking or patterning and by in-situ methods as masking with monolayer thick SiN. With the latter method in combination with strain engineering by LT-AlN interlayers dislocation densities around 109 cm−2 can be achieved for 2.5 μm thick device structures.
CUSTOM CHEMICALS (1997)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTCUSTOM CHEMICALSRelationships between companies that produce chemicals to special order and their clients become closer, as some 'virtual' firms contract out most activitiesSTEPHEN C. STINSONView Author Information C&EN Northeast News BureauCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1997, 75, 5, 38–64Publication Date (Print):February 3, 1997Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 3 February 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v075n005.p038https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v075n005.p038newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views9Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Industrial manufacturing,Order Get e-Alerts
Long-Term Treatment with Inhaled Budesonide in Persons with Mild Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Who Continue Smoking (1999)

In patients with mild COPD who continue smoking, the use of inhaled budesonide is associated with a small one-time improvement in lung function but does not appreciably affect the long-term progressive decline.
Two-Color Green Fluorescent Protein Time-Lapse Imaging (1998)

The Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein (GFP) is widely recognized as a powerful tool in cell biology, serving as a vital reporter for monitoring localization and dynamics of intracellular proteins and organelles over time. GFP variants with shifted spectral characteristics have been described and offer enormous potential for double-labeling experiments and protein-protein interaction studies. However, most GFP variant combinations are not suitable for double-label, time-lapse imaging experiments because of either extremely rapid photobleaching of blue-shifted GFP variants or crossover of their excitation and emission spectra, which must then be computer corrected. Here, we describe the successful use of two photostable spectral GFP variants, W7 and 10C, in dual-color, time-lapse imaging of fusion proteins in living cells using either wide-field or confocal microscopy. W7 and 10C were highly photostable during repetitive long-term imaging and were cleanly separated by their different excitation spectra alone with negligible crossover of fluorescence. We present time-lapse image sequences of COS-7 cells co-expressing both a marker of the Golgi complex (galactosyl transferase) fused to W7 and a marker of the nuclear envelope (lamin-B receptor) fused to 10C. To our knowledge, these image sequences provide the first simultaneous visualization of Golgi and nuclear envelope membranes in living cells.
Animal Models for the Evolution of Thrombotic Diseasea (1987)

Naturally occurring hemorrhagic and thrombotic diseases of animals closely parallel their human counterparts. While such models may be particularly useful in studying the pathogenesis of human disease, it is usually more realistic to depend upon experimentally induced disease models. The species selected for use is therefore of major importance in providing meaningful extrapolation to humans, as are the experimental design and type of procedure (in vitro, ex vivo, in vivo). Regardless of the test system used when in vitro procedures are employed, these must be translated eventually to the in vivo situation. Information about the normal aging process of different species is important here and should influence selection of the species and test system. The ideal situation may not be feasible or pertain because of cost, availability, size, and investigator familiarity, or lack thereof, with the most suitable species or model.
Phase-only optical encryption (2000)

We have implemented a phase-only optical encryption and decryption system with a readout based on the generalized phase-contrast method. The experimental system has been implemented with liquid-crystal spatial light modulators to generate binary phase-encrypted masks and a decrypting key. A phase-contrast filter is used to display the phase information.
Geometrical models for the high-frequency dielectric properties of brine saturated sandstones (1988)

In the MHz–GHz range, geometrical effects associated with platy grains (e.g., clay particles in sandstones) are especially important in determining the complex dielectric function, ε(ω), of rocks. We consider two classes of geometrical models based on rather different pictures for the spatial arrangement of the clay particles. In the bimodal model, spherical and platy grains (with a single aspect ratio) are randomly dispersed throughout the system while in the coated grain consolidation model the platy grains are confined to a thin layer at the pore grain interface. Calculations based on these models are compared with experimental data on five sandstones and the coated grain solidation model is generally found to be in better agreement. In sandstones exhibiting the strongest frequency dependence in ε(ω), we find that a continuous distribution of platy grain aspect ratios is required to obtain a satisfactory fit to the experimental data. Such distributions are easily treated within the coated grain consolidation framework.
Remote measurement of cardiopulmonary signal using an unmanned aerial vehicle (2018)

This study proposes a computer vision-based system to reveal the cardiopulmonary signal of humans in both static and dynamic scenarios without the need for restricting or contact. The proposed system extracts the signal based on the optical properties of skin colour variations in the facial region using image sequence analysis captured by a hovering drone while being convenient, safe and also cost-effective. The experimental results showed very good agreement, strong correlation coefficients and acceptable error ratios in comparison to reference instruments (finger pulse oximeter and Piezo respiratory belt). Therefore, the proposed system in this paper may be suitable to be applied to detect human physiological parameters in war zones and natural disasters when the contact with the subject is difficult or impossible.
Survival of Cultured Allogeneic Limbal Epithelial Cells Following Corneal Repair (2007)

In this study a technique for determining donor cell fate following corneal grafting was evaluated. Patients treated for limbal deficiency with allogeneic cultured corneal epithelial cells were studied to determine the fate of the grafted cells. The technique was evaluated initially through the use of donor eyes and then applied to the clinical analysis of 7 patients who had received a cultured corneal epithelial allograft. Cells removed from the cornea and any retrieved tissue were analyzed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) genotyping to determine the origin of the cells populating the patients' healed cornea. A mixture of genotypes was detected in a cornea retrieved from a patient following a fully penetrating keratoplasty who had received a mixture of allogeneic tissue. Donor cells were no longer detected on the corneal surface of all 7 cases beyond 28 weeks postgraft. At these later time points, only patient genotype could be detected. These results demonstrate that PCR genotyping can be used to determine the origin of cells populating the surface of the cornea following the grafting of cultured allogeneic cells and demonstrates that transplanted cultured limbal epithelial cells do not persist on the surface of the host cornea for more than 28 weeks.
Quality Management in Public and Community Health (2001)

Quality assessment and improvement activities are as relevant to the public health sector and community-based health care organizations as they are to the rest of the health care industry. This article provides a framework for the types of quality assessment and improvement approaches available to public health and community-based health care organizations and provides two examples drawn from the field of women's health. The first focuses on a population-based assessment of the performance of the health care system using indicators for the nation as a whole and for the states specifically in a women's health report card. The second focuses on measuring quality of care provided to clients of one type of safety-net organization, Title X family planning clinics. Either type of approach can serve as the basis for developing strategies for improving the performance of health care organizations.
Comparative anti-inflammatory effects of roxithromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin (1998)

There are many published reports on the anti-inflammatory effects of macrolides, some dating back to the introduction of erythromycin. Macrolides have been shown to affect a number of the processes involved in inflammation, including the migration of neutrophils, the oxidative burst in phagocytes and the production of various cytokines, although the precise mechanisms are not clear. These effects have been linked to the ability of macrolides to accumulate in mammalian cells. Roxithromycin, a macrolide with better plasma concentrations and higher tissue concentrations than erythromycin, has been tested in a standard animal model used for evaluating anti-inflammatory drugs. When rats were given a prophylactic dose (20 mg/kg), roxithromycin suppressed the oedema produced by injecting carrageenin into the paw with effects almost equal to that seen with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug nimesulide. Azithromycin and clarithromycin, macrolides with better pharmacokinetics than erythromycin, only showed slight anti-inflammatory effects. These results confirm that roxithromycin has anti-inflammatory properties in vivo and encourage the investigation of its mode of action.
Recent developments in palm oil. (1990)

1-In connection with an extensive human nutritional experiment in Holland a number of food products for daily consumption were reformulated with maximum proportions of palm oil. The manufacturers and the subjects were favourably impressed by the quality. Shortenings for cake baking have been optimised using palm oil. Palm oil-butter fat mixtures show certain advantages in biscuits. For margarines interesterification of various palm oil and palm kernel oil fractions yield suitable base stocks. 2-Recent work on crystallisation process of palm oil will be described. 3-Quality changes in palm oil during transport have been followed analytically and a procedure for minimising them will be described. 4-Pilot plants for the preparation of diesel fuel from palm oil, and the recovery of vitamin E compounds from palm fatty acid distillate have been constructed and operated at PORIM. (...)