gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
UberFlow (2004)

We present a system for real-time animation and rendering of large particle sets using GPU computation and memory objects in OpenGL. Memory objects can be used both as containers for geometry data stored on the graphics card and as render targets, providing an effective means for the manipulation and rendering of particle data on the GPU.To fully take advantage of this mechanism, efficient GPU realizations of algorithms used to perform particle manipulation are essential. Our system implements a versatile particle engine, including inter-particle collisions and visibility sorting. By combining memory objects with floating-point fragment programs, we have implemented a particle engine that entirely avoids the transfer of particle data at run-time. Our system can be seen as a forerunner of a new class of graphics algorithms, exploiting memory objects or similar concepts on upcoming graphics hardware to avoid bus bandwidth becoming the major performance bottleneck.
Acquisition of a transcriptionally permissive state during the 1-cell stage of mouse embryogenesis (1992)

Zygotic gene transcription initiates during the 2-cell stage of mouse embryogenesis. To learn more of the nature and timing of events leading up to transcriptional activation, we evaluated the ability of enucleated 1-cell-stage embryos to support transcription of the 2-cell-stage-specific gene(s) encoding the 70,000-Da transcription-requiring complex (TRC). Nuclei were transplanted from transcriptionally inhibited alpha-amanitin or N-[2-(methylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide (H8)-treated 2-cell-stage embryos to either late or early enucleated 1-cell-stage recipients. Expression of the TRC gene(s) was much greater following transfer to late 1-cell than early 1-cell-stage recipients. In addition, treatment of early 1-cell-stage recipients with N6-monobutyryl cyclic AMP following transplantation of a nucleus from an H8-treated donor increased the rate of TRC synthesis to a value similar to that observed for late 1-cell-stage recipients. These results indicate that during the first cell cycle and prior to initiation of zygotic gene expression, the embryonic cytoplasm undergoes a transition from a transcriptionally nonpermissive to permissive state.
Phase II study of 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D(2) in the treatment of advanced androgen-independent prostate cancer. (2003)

The results of this and other trials suggest further clinical investigation in this disease with vitamin D analogues alone or in combination with other agents, such as chemotherapy, should be pursued.
Phosphate ester hydrolysis catalyzed by metallomicelles (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhosphate ester hydrolysis catalyzed by metallomicellesF. M. Menger, L. H. Gan, E. Johnson, and D. H. DurstCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 9, 2800–2803Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00243a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00243a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1048Altmetric-Citations195LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The primary structure of human chromogranin A and pancreastatin. (1987)

A full-length clone encoding human chromogranin A has been isolated from a lambda gt10 cDNA library of a human pheochromocytoma. The nucleotide sequence reveals that human chromogranin A is a 439-residue protein preceded by an 18-residue signal peptide. Comparison of the protein sequence of human chromogranin A with that of bovine chromogranin A shows high conservation of the NH2-terminal and COOH-terminal domains as well as the potential dibasic cleavage sites, whereas the middle portion shows remarkable sequence variation (36%). This part of human chromogranin A contains a sequence homologous to porcine pancreastatin at residues 250-301. The sequence variation in this part of human chromogranin A compared to porcine pancreastatin is 32% and thus of the same magnitude as that between human and bovine chromogranin A. Therefore, the difference between porcine pancreastatin and the corresponding portions of bovine or human chromogranin A can be explained by species variation, suggesting that pancreastatin is derived from chromogranin A itself rather than a protein that is only similar to chromogranin A. Moreover, the pancreastatin sequence contained in human chromogranin A is flanked by sites for proteolytic processing. Together, these observations suggest that human chromogranin A may be the precursor for a human pancreastatin molecule and possibly for other, as yet unidentified, biologically active peptides.
The consequences of obesity on trauma, emergency surgery, and surgical critical care. (2006)

The era of the acute care surgeon has arrived and this "new" specialty will be expected to provide trauma care, emergency surgery, and surgical critical care to a variety of patients arriving at their institution. With the exception of practicing bariatric surgeons, many general surgeons have limited experience caring for obese patients. Obese patients manifest unique physiology and pathophysiology, which can influence a surgeon's decision-making process. Following trauma, obese patients sustain different injuries than lean patients and have worse outcomes. Emergency surgery diseases may be difficult to diagnose in the obese patient and obesity is associated with increased complications in the postoperative patient. Caring for an obese patient in the surgical ICU presents a distinctive challenge and may require alterations in care. The following review should act as an overview of the pathophysiology of obesity and how obesity modifies the care of trauma, emergency surgery, and surgical critical care patients.
Relieving Autophagy and 4EBP1 from Rapamycin Resistance (2011)

The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a multiprotein signaling complex regulated by oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Outputs downstream of mTORC1 include ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), and autophagy, and their modulation leads to changes in cell growth, proliferation, and metabolism. Rapamycin, an allosteric mTORC1 inhibitor, does not antagonize equally these outputs, but the reason for this is unknown. Here, we show that the ability of rapamycin to activate autophagy in different cell lines correlates with mTORC1 stability. Rapamycin exposure destabilizes mTORC1, but in cell lines where autophagy is drug insensitive, higher levels of mTOR-bound raptor are detected than in cells where rapamycin stimulates autophagy. Using small interfering RNA (siRNA), we find that knockdown of raptor relieves autophagy and the eIF4E effector pathway from rapamycin resistance. Importantly, nonefficacious concentrations of an ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitor can be combined with rapamycin to synergistically inhibit mTORC1 and activate autophagy but leave mTORC2 signaling intact. These data suggest that partial inhibition of mTORC1 by rapamycin can be overcome using combination strategies and offer a therapeutic avenue to achieve complete and selective inhibition of mTORC1.
Nutrigenomics in honey bees: digital gene expression analysis of pollen's nutritive effects on healthy and varroa-parasitized bees (2011)

The DGE-tag profiling methods used in this study proved to be a powerful means for analyzing transcriptome variation related to nutrient intake in honey bees. Ultimately, with such an approach, applying genomics tools to nutrition research, nutrigenomics promises to offer a better understanding of how nutrition influences body homeostasis and may help reduce the susceptibility of bees to (less virulent) pathogens.
Reversal of tropicamide mydriasis with single instillations of pilocarpine can induce substantial pseudo-myopia in young adults (1995)

Pupillary dilation for diagnostic purpose has become an increasingly common procedure in UK optometry in recent years and the consensus seems currently to militate against the routine use of miotics; an eye that is judged safe to dilate is thought to be at minimal risk during the natural recovery phase to normal pupil size. Nevertheless, the optometrist does, on occasion, need to consider whether there might be some advantage in minimising the sometimes debilitating effects of cycloplegia and mydriasis produced in young adults by tropicamide. In this context we compare the effects of single instillations of two miotic agents: the alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist thymoxamine HCl (0.5%), and the parasympathomimetic pilocarpine HCl (1 and 2%). Tropicamide was used to induce mydriasis in a group of 12 volunteer student subjects aged 20-26 years (7 males, 5 female; mean 21.67 years) selected to provide low (L; n = 4), medium (M; n = 4) and high (H; n = 4) iris pigment levels. Measurements of pupil diameter (Brocca pupillometer), Snellen visual acuity and accommodative amplitude (near point rule) were made every 3 min over a 90 min recording period for 4 trials: (1) a control condition whereby a miotic was not employed; (2) thymoxamine HCl 0.5% was instilled after 30 min; (3) and (4) pilocarpine 1% and 2% was instilled after 30 min, respectively. Tropicamide induced a mean increase in pupil area from 25 to 50 mm2 after 22 min which was generally sustained over the 90 min period and was enhanced for the lower pigment groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Antigen-liposome modification of target cells as a method to alter their susceptibility to lysis by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (1980)

A method of liposome modification of cell surfaces to render unsuitable target cells susceptible to lysis by anti-viral cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is described. Liposomes containing the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) glycoproteins of Sendai virus as well as purified H-2Kk cells and rendering those cells susceptible to lysis by B10. A anti-Sendai virus or anti-H-2Kk CTLs. The absence from the modifying liposomes of the HN or F proteins or H-2Kk antigens eliminated the ability of the target cells to be recognized and lysed by either effector cell population. Vesicles containing HN, H-2Kk molecules, and inactive fusion protein (Fo) were not capable of increasing the susceptibility of h-2-negative target cells to lysis. Liposomes containing inactive fusion protein were similarly unable to render H-2-positive target cells susceptible to lysis by anti-Sendai virus CTLs, suggesting that fusion of the liposomes to the cell surface is a prerequisite to lysis. It did not appear that attachement of liposomes to the cell surface was sufficient for generation of susceptible targets, however, because attachment to the cell surface was observed, as long as the HN glycoprotein was present in the liposomes. These results indicate that purified H-2Kk glycoproteins are target antigens for anti-H-2k CTLs and that B10 . A anti-Sendai virus CTLs recognize in an H-2-restricted manner the HN, F, or both glycoproteins of Sendai virus in the context of the purified H-2Kk glycoproteins. This technique of liposome modification of cell surfaces has potential applications in the examination of CTL antigen recognition and immunotherapy of many viral and neoplastic diseases.
Benzoyl peroxide: enhancing antibiotic efficacy in acne management. (2011)

Benzoyl peroxide is one of the most widely used topical agents for acne. It has potent antibacterial and mild anti-inflammatory and comedolytic effects. To treat mild to moderate acne, it can be used alone or in combination with topical antibiotics and topical retinoids. The combination of benzoyl peroxide with either erythromycin or clindamycin is synergistic and well-tolerated. In more severe acne, when oral antibiotics are required, benzoyl peroxide can contribute to suppressing the emergence of resistant strains of Propionibacterium acnes.
Compatible solutes from hyperthermophiles improve the quality of DNA microarrays (2007)

Low concentration (10 to 25 mM) of hydroxyectoine, potassium mannosylglycerate and potassium diglycerol phosphate in hybridization buffer positively affected hybridization parameters and enhanced microarrays outcome. This finding harbours a strong potential for the improvement of DNA microarray experiments.
HOOK: A program for finding novel molecular architectures that satisfy the chemical and steric requirements of a macromolecule binding site (1994)

A program (HOOK) is described for generating potential ligands that satisfy the chemical and steric requirements of the binding region of a macromolecule. Functional group sites with defined positions and orientations are derived from known ligand structures or the multicopy simulation search (MCSS) method (Miranker, A., Karplus, M. Proteins 11:29-34, 1991). HOOK places molecular "skeletons" from a database into the protein binding region by making bonds between sites ("hooks") on the skeleton and functional groups. The nonpolar interactions with the binding region of candidate molecules are assessed by use of a simplified van der Waals potential. The method is illustrated by constructing ligands for the sialic acid binding site of the hemagglutinin from the influenza A virus and the active site of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. Aspects of the HOOK program that lead to a highly efficient search of 10(5) or more skeletons for binding to 10(2) or more functional group minima are outlined.
THE MANAGEMENT OF OPEN FRACTURES ASSOCIATED WITH ARTERIAL INJURY REQUIRING VASCULAR REPAIR (1994)

Seventy-two open fractures associated with arterial injury requiring vascular repair (Gustilo type IIIC injuries) were treated at the University of Louisville from May 1983 and through 1992. The involved anatomic areas were the humerus (four), forearm (ten), femur (eight), tibia (31), ankle (ten), and foot (nine). Fracture management consisted of careful débridement, wound irrigation, fasciotomy, and fracture stabilization. Additionally, 40 wounds (55.6%) were treated with the supplemental use of local antibiotics (tobramycin-PMMA bead chains). Twenty-three patients (32.1%) underwent primary amputation, and 49 (67.99%) of the injured vessels were repaired. There were seven secondary amputations because of infection or poor revascularization, resulting in an overall amputation rate of 41.6%. The wound infection rate was 13.9% (10 of 72) and the rate for osteomyelitis was 4.2% (3 of 72). The local use of the antibiotic bead chains was of significant benefit in lowering infectious complications. Primary coverage of soft-tissue defects with free tissue transfer had an infection rate of 66%; temporary wound coverage with the "antibiotic bead pouch" technique until wound closure can be obtained in a sterile and viable environment appears to be a better option.
Light source-detector spacing of near-infrared-based tissue oximeters and the influence of skin blood flow (2006)

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a noninvasive optical technique that is increasingly used to assess muscle oxygenation during exercise with the assumption that the contribution of skin blood flow to the NIR signal is minor or nonexistent. We tested this assumption in humans by monitoring forearm tissue oxygenation during selective cutaneous vasodilation induced by locally applied heat ( n = 6) or indirect whole body heating (i.e., heating subject but not area surrounding NIR probes; n = 8). Neither perturbation has been shown to cause a measurable change in muscle blood flow or metabolism. Local heating (∼41°C) caused large increases in the NIR-derived tissue oxygenation signal [before heating = 0.82 ± 0.89 optical density (OD), after heating = 18.21 ± 2.44 OD; P &lt; 0.001]. Similarly, whole body heating (increase internal temperature 0.9°C) also caused large increases in the tissue oxygenation signal (before heating = −0.31 ± 1.47 OD, after heating = 12.48 ± 1.82 OD; P &lt; 0.001). These increases in the tissue oxygenation signal were closely correlated with increases in skin blood flow during both local heating (mean r = 0.95 ± 0.02) and whole body heating (mean r = 0.89 ± 0.04). These data suggest that the contribution of skin blood flow to NIR measurements of tissue oxygenation can be significant, potentially confounding interpretation of the NIR-derived signal during conditions where both skin and muscle blood flows are elevated concomitantly (e.g., high-intensity and/or prolonged exercise).
Needle Bending in a VR-Puncture Training System Using a 6DOF Haptic Device (2009)

The use of virtual reality techniques opens up new perspectives to support and improve the puncture training in medical education. In this work a 3D VR-Simulator for the training of lumbar and ascites punctures has been extended to support the bending of the puncture needle. For this purpose the needle is designed as an angular spring model. The forces that restrict the user from bending the needle are calculated using a multiproxy technique and given to the user via a 6DOF haptic device (Sensable Phantom Premium 1.5). Proxy based haptic volume rendering is used to calculate the proxy movement. This way it is possible to integrate original CT-patient data into the rendering process and generate forces from structures that have not been segmented. The bending technique has been integrated in a VR-training system for puncture interventions and shows good results concerning update rate and user acceptance.
The Antidiabetogenic Effect of GLP-1 Is Maintained During a 7-Day Treatment Period and Improves Diabetic Dyslipoproteinemia in NIDDM Patients (1996)

We confirm the antidiabetogenic effect of GLP-1 in NIDDM patients. This effect was maintained during 7 days, which implies that the patients did not develop tolerance during this treatment period. Intensive insulin treatment, leading to normotriglyceridemia, increased the mean LDL particle diameter, which is likely to lower the risk of future coronary heart disease in patients with NIDDM. Furthermore, an additive effect of GLP-1 is indicated. Hence, this study gives additional evidence that GLP-1 may be useful as an agent for treating NIDDM.
Platelet-Derived Endothelial Cell Growth Factor in Human Colon Cancer Angiogenesis: Role of Infiltrating Cells (1996)

PD-ECGF expression in human colon cancer specimens is associated with vessel count and may be responsible for tumor vascularity in those tumors with low VEGF expression. Infiltrating cells expressing PD-ECGF may contribute to angiogenesis, thus providing an additional mechanism for tumor neovascularization.
Correlation Between Oxidative Deterioration of Unsaturated Lipid and n‐Hexanal during Storage of Brown Rice (1986)

ABSTRACT n‐Hexanal in the headspace over cooked brown rice stored at 5°C and 35°C for 0, 4, 8 and 12 months was determined by a gas chromatographic method using modified direct vapor injection. The off‐flavors of stored brown rice were evaluated by n‐hexanal and oxidized linoleic acid analysis. The amount of n‐hexanal was found to be linearly proportional to the amount of oxidized linoleic acid (correlation coefficient, 0.99). Therefore, the simple and rapid method of vapor injection gas chromatography can be used for determining n‐hexanal in the headspace vapor over cooked brown rice. Thus, the off‐flavor of the stored brown rice resulting from lipid oxidation can be detected indirectly.
<title>On-focal-plane ADC: recent progress at JPL</title> (1996)

Two 8 bit successive approximation analog-to-digital converters (ADC), an 8 bit single slope ADC and a 12 bit current mode incremental sigma delta ((Sigma) -(Delta) ) ADC have been designed, fabricated, and tested. The 20.4 micrometers and 40 micrometers pitch successive approximation test chip designs are compatible with active pixel sensors (APS) column parallel architectures. A 64 X 64 photogate APS with this ADC integrated on-chip was fabricated in a 1.2 micrometers N-well CMOS process and achieves 8 bit accuracy. A 1 K X 1 K APS with 11 micrometers pixels and a single slope ADC in each column was fabricated in a 0.55 micrometers N-well CMOS process and also achieves 8 bit accuracy. The successive approximation designs consume as little as 49 (mu) W at a 500 KHz conversion rate meeting the low power requirements inherent in column parallel architectures. The current mode (Sigma) -(Delta) ADC test chip is designed to be multiplexed among 8 columns in a semi-column parallel current mode APS architecture. It consumes 800 (mu) W at a 5 KHz conversion rate.
Biosynthesis of fatty acids and related metabolites (1998)

B. J. Rawlings, Nat. Prod. Rep., 1998, 15, 275 DOI: 10.1039/A815275Y
Designer blood: creating hematopoietic lineages from embryonic stem cells (2005)

Embryonic stem (ES) cells exhibit the remarkable capacity to become virtually any differentiated tissue upon appropriate manipulation in culture, a property that has been beneficial for studies of hematopoiesis. Until recently, the majority of this work used murine ES cells for basic research to elucidate fundamental properties of blood-cell development and establish methods to derive specific mature lineages. Now, the advent of human ES cells sets the stage for more applied pursuits to generate transplantable cells for treating blood disorders. Current efforts are directed toward adapting in vitro hematopoietic differentiation methods developed for murine ES cells to human lines, identifying the key interspecies differences in biologic properties of ES cells, and generating ES cell-derived hematopoietic stem cells that are competent to repopulate adult hosts. The ultimate medical goal is to create patient-specific and generic ES cell lines that can be expanded in vitro, genetically altered, and differentiated into cell types that can be used to treat hematopoietic diseases.
The Fourth International Symposium on the Intraductal Approach to Breast Cancer, Santa Barbara, California, 10–13 March 2005 (2005)

Intraductal approaches encompass procedures and technologies that are designed to access and interrogate the ductal-alveolar systems of the human breast, and include nipple aspiration, ductal lavage, random periareolar fine needle aspiration, and ductoscopy. These approaches are being used to collect and analyze fluids and cells to develop methods for breast cancer detection and risk assessment; to introduce imaging technologies to explore the mammary tree for abnormalities; to administer therapeutic and/or preventive agents directly to the breast tissue; and to explore the biology of the normal mammary gland. The latest research findings in these areas, presented at The 4th International Symposium on the Intraductal Approach to Breast Cancer in 2005, are summarized in this report.