gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybridoma proteins expressing the predominant idiotype of the antiazophenylarsonate response of A/J mice. (1980)

Hybridoma cell lines that secrete monoclonal antiazophenylarsonate antibodies were isolated from the fusion of A/J splenic lymphocytes with a myeloma cell line. A small percentage of these hybridoma proteins were recognized by rabbit antisera that detect the crossreactive idiotype characteristics of the antiazophenylarsonate response of A/J mice. The isotype, pI value, and amino-terminal sequences of four independently derived idiotype-positive hybridoma proteins were determined. These proteins were either of the IgG1 or IgG2a heavy chain class. For two mice tested, the majority of the idiotype in the immune serum was shown to be of the same isotype as the fusion-derived monoclonal antibodies. The pI values of the hybridoma proteins differed from one another and ranged from 6.9 to 7.6. Amino acid sequences of the heavy chains showed a significant degree of homology with each other, but each chain was unique in the framework or the first complementarity determining region (or both). A comparable pattern of sequence variation was evident for the light chains. The azophenylarsonate idiotype, therefore, appears to consist of a family of nonidentical but closely related molecules that are the product of more than one germline gene or the result of somatic mutation of a single germline gene.
Protective Effect of β‐Glucan Against Mycobacterium bovis, BCG Infection in BALB/c Mice (1998)

Beta-1,3-glucan is a potent stimulator of macrophage functions and has a protective effect against a range of infections in rodent models. We examined whether the agent could also protect against the intracellular Mycobacterium bovis, bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) infection in mice. BCG-susceptible BALB/c mice were injected intravenously (i.v.) with beta-glucan or vehicle 3 days before, or with beta-glucan 7 days after i.v. challenge with live BCG bacilli. The animals were killed 4 or 8 weeks later, their organs were homogenized and applied to object slides and stained with auramin for counting of bacilli, or seeded onto agar in Petri dishes. Mice treated with beta-glucan both pre- and postchallenge had significantly lower numbers of BCG bacilli and BCG colony-forming units in spleen homogenates compared with controls 4 weeks after challenge. A similar, but not statistically significant, tendency was observed in spleen homogenates from mice killed 8 weeks after challenge. In homogenates of liver and lungs there were similar findings, but less pronounced. There was a dose-dependent effect of beta-glucan injected before BCG challenge on the number of BCG bacilli found in spleen and liver homogenates. In addition, antibody cross-reactivity was demonstrated between M. tuberculosis cell wall and beta-glucan. The results suggest that beta-glucan has a protective effect against M. bovis, BCG infection in susceptible mice.
GRCop-42 Development and Hot-fire Testing Using Additive Manufacturing Powder Bed Fusion for Channel-cooled Combustion Chambers (2019)

GRCop-42 is a high conductivity, high-strength dispersion strengthened copper-alloy for use in high heat flux applications such as liquid rocket engine combustion devices. This alloy is part of the family of NASA-developed GRCop, copper-chrome-niobium alloys. GRCop alloys were developed for harsh environments specific to regeneratively-cooled combustion chambers and nozzles with good oxidation resistance. Significant development was completed on the GRCop-84 and GRCop-42 alloys in the extruded wrought form demonstrating feasibility for combustion chambers. NASA has recently developed a process for additive manufacturing, specifically Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) or Selective Laser Melting (SLM), of GRCop-42 to establish parameters, characterize the material, and complete testing of components with complex internal features. This evolution of the GRCop-42 was based on the successful predecessor development work using GRCop-84 with the motivation of establishing a new copper-alloy option for use in NASA, government, and industry programs with SLM. A few advantages have been shown with the GRCop-42 that include higher conductivity and faster build speeds over the GRCop-84, and a simplified powder supply chain. Initial property development has shown that it is possible to produce high density builds with strengths equivalent to wrought GRCop-42 and a conductivity greater than GRCop-84. The GRCop-42 has completed process development and initial properties have been established. Several demonstrator combustion chambers have also been fabricated with the SLM GRCop-42 that include integral channels and closeouts. Additional test units have been fabricated and are completing substantial hot-fire testing to demonstrate performance of the material, process, and design.
Pharmacological properties of 5-[(6,7,8-trimethoxy-4-quinazolinyl) amino]-1-pentanyl nitrate maleate in cardiovascular system. (1991)

Effects of 5-[6,7,8-trimethoxy-4-quinazolinyl)amino]-1-pentanyl nitrate maleate (KT-1, CAS 47487-05-8), whose chemical structure has both a prazosin and a nitrate moiety, on cardiovascular system were investigated in in vivo and in vitro experiments. KT-1 i.v. decreased aortic pressure, renal blood flow, left ventricular enddiastolic pressure and resistances of total peripheral, vertebral, coronary and renal vasculatures and increased aortic blood flow, vertebral blood flow, coronary blood flow, peak positive left ventricular dP/dt and heart rate in anesthetized open-chest dogs. These cardiovascular effects of KT-1 were similar to those of glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin, GTN). Nitrate-deleted KT-1 from its chemical structure (denitro KT-1) equimolar to KT-1 produced no marked changes in these cardiovascular parameters, but 3 or 10 times large doses of denitro KT-1 showed relatively long persisting vasodilator effects. In isolated dog coronary artery preparations contracted with KCl, the order of relaxant potency was GTN greater than KT-1 greater than denitro KT-1. In isolated dog mesenteric artery preparations, phenylephrine produced concentration-dependent contractions which were significantly inhibited by prazosin and KT-1 but not by denitro KT-1. In anesthetized open-chest dogs, phenylephrine produced pressor responses which were significantly inhibited by KT-1 but not by GTN or denitro KT-1. In isolated rat thoracic aorta strips, in contrast to GTN, KT-1 hardly developed a tachyphylaxis. Thus, KT-1 showed cardiovascular effects similar to those of both nitrates and a1-adrenoceptor blocking agents with no development of a tachyphylaxis.
The Classification, Preparation, and Utility of Degradable Polymers (1992)

Abstract The current crisis in municipal solid waste disposal has created much public interest in the subject of degradable polymers and has led to some misconceptions as to how great a role these materials could play in solving the problem. Some people see these materials as the ideal solution whereby all plastics would magically disappear the instant their useful lives were over, and the entire waste disposal problem would be solved [l]. Politicians faced with the need to act on the issue find it easier to legislate degradability requirements than to set up the required infrastructure to deal with waste in a more productive way [l, 2]. Corn producers and others who see these laws creating new and larger markets for their products eagerly support these activities [l-4]. Thus there has been a flurry of activity in this area, with legislation forcing degradability in various products [5,6] and manufacturers hurrying to gain their share of these newly-formed markets.
Oligoclonal expansion of major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted cytolytic T lymphocytes during a primary immune response in vivo: direct monitoring by flow cytometry and polymerase chain reaction. (1993)

Previous T cell receptor (TCR) sequence analysis of a panel of 23 H-2Kd restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones recognizing the decapeptide HLA-CW3 170-179 revealed a striking conservation of TCR structure, in that all clones examined used V beta 10 and J alpha pHDS58 segments. We show here that the primary response in vivo after intraperitoneal injection of DBA/2 mice with HLA-CW3 expressing transfectants of syngeneic P815 (H-2d) tumor cells is characterized by a dramatic expansion of CD8+ V beta 10+ CTL in the peritoneal cavity and draining (mesenteric) lymph node, as well as in peripheral blood. Additional analysis of TCR on HLA-CW3 immune populations by flow cytometry and polymerase chain reaction further indicates that the vast majority of responding CD8+ cells express restricted V alpha domains, a dominant J alpha segment (pHDS58), and a conserved CDR3 length for both alpha and beta chains. This novel system provides a unique opportunity to directly monitor an oligoclonal primary antigen specific immune response in vivo at the single cell level independently of functional assays.
Establishment of a murine model for therapy-treated chronic myelogenous leukemia using the tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 (2001)

The murine bone marrow retroviral transduction and transplantation model of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) imperfectly mimics human CML because the murine CML-like disease causes death of all animals from an overwhelming granulocytosis within 3 to 4 weeks. In this report, mice reconstituted with P210(BCR/ABL)-transduced bone marrow cells received posttransplantation therapy with either the tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 or placebo. Compared with the rapidly fatal leukemia of placebo-treated animals, 80% of the STI571-treated mice were alive on day 74, with marked improvement in peripheral white blood counts and splenomegaly. There was decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5, Shc, and Crk-L in leukemic cells from STI571-treated animals, consistent with STI571-mediated inhibition of the Bcr/Abl tyrosine kinase in vivo. In some STI571-treated animals Bcr/Abl messenger RNA and protein expression were markedly increased. In contrast to the polyclonal leukemia of placebo-treated mice, STI571-treated murine CML was generally oligoclonal, suggesting that STI571 eliminated or severely suppressed certain leukemic clones. None of the STI571-treated mice were cured of the CML-like myeloproliferative disorder, however, and STI571-treated murine CML was transplanted to secondary recipients with high efficiency. These results demonstrate the utility of this murine model of CML in the evaluation of novel therapeutic agents against Bcr/Abl-induced leukemias. This improved murine chronic-phase CML model may be a useful tool for the study of STI571 resistance, CML progression, and the anti-CML immune response.
Application of microbial α-amylase in industry - A review (2010)

Amylases are one of the main enzymes used in industry. Such enzymes hydrolyze the starch molecules into polymers composed of glucose units. Amylases have potential application in a wide number of industrial processes such as food, fermentation and pharmaceutical industries. α-Amylases can be obtained from plants, animals and microorganisms. However, enzymes from fungal and bacterial sources have dominated applications in industrial sectors. The production of α-amylase is essential for conversion of starches into oligosaccharides. Starch is an important constituent of the human diet and is a major storage product of many economically important crops such as wheat, rice, maize, tapioca, and potato. Starch-converting enzymes are used in the production of maltodextrin, modified starches, or glucose and fructose syrups. A large number of microbial α-amylases has applications in different industrial sectors such as food, textile, paper and detergent industries. The production of α-amylases has generally been carried out using submerged fermentation, but solid state fermentation systems appear as a promising technology. The properties of each α-amylase such as thermostability, pH profile, pH stability, and Ca-independency are important in the development of fermentation process. This review focuses on the production of bacterial and fungal α-amylases, their distribution, structural-functional aspects, physical and chemical parameters, and the use of these enzymes in industrial applications.
Quantum‐Dot Aptamer Beacons for the Detection of Proteins (2005)

Seeing thrombin in real time. Quantum-dot aptamer beacons provide for the sensitive detection of protein targets, such as thrombin, as well as nucleic acid targets and offer the promise of simplified, multiplex detection.
Skin roughness is negatively correlated to irritation with DMSO, but not with NaOH and SLS (1997)

While many endogenous and exogenous factors have been found to influence skin irritant reactivity, the role of skin roughness in irritation has not yet been studied. In this study we measured skin roughness by visiometry and performed irritation tests on the flexural side of the forearm with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in two different concentrations in a population of 151 volunteers between 15 and 25 years of age. The results showed a significant negative correlation between most roughness parameters and DMSO irritation. The correlation between roughness parameters and irritation tests with SLS and NaOH was not significant. We conclude that smoother skin is more prone to DMSO irritation than rougher skin and that this may be due to differences in percutaneous penetration of the compound.
Synthesis and characterization of main-chain liquid-crystalline polymers containing a p-phenyleneazo group (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and characterization of main-chain liquid-crystalline polymers containing a p-phenyleneazo groupMuthusamy Saminathan, Chennakkattu Krishna, Sadasivan Pillai, and Chorappan PavithranCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 25, 7103–7105Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00077a064RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views157Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
MOLECULAR GENETICS OF T CELL DEVELOPMENT (2004)

T cell development is guided by a complex set of transcription factors that act recursively, in different combinations, at each of the developmental choice points from T-lineage specification to peripheral T cell specialization. This review describes the modes of action of the major T-lineage-defining transcription factors and the signal pathways that activate them during intrathymic differentiation from pluripotent precursors. Roles of Notch and its effector RBPSuh (CSL), GATA-3, E2A/HEB and Id proteins, c-Myb, TCF-1, and members of the Runx, Ets, and Ikaros families are critical. Less known transcription factors that are newly recognized as being required for T cell development at particular checkpoints are also described. The transcriptional regulation of T cell development is contrasted with that of B cell development, in terms of their different degrees of overlap with the stem-cell program and the different roles of key transcription factors in gene regulatory networks leading to lineage commitment.
Non-radioactive detection of nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) mRNA in rat brain using in situ hybridization histochemistry. (1991)

Radioactively labeled RNA probes in conjunction with in situ hybridization histochemistry have become a useful method for studying gene expression in the central nervous system. We used digoxigenin-labeled uridine triphosphate to synthesize cRNA probes for localization of nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) mRNA in the rat basal forebrain. Detection of cells containing digoxigenin-labeled NGFR mRNA was accomplished using a digoxigenin antibody conjugated with alkaline phosphatase. NGFR mRNA-positive cells were distributed in three major cell groups in the basal forebrain: the medial septal nucleus, vertical and horizontal limbs of the diagonal band of Broca, and nucleus basalis. This technique provides a rapid and sensitive method for high-resolution detection of mRNA species in the central nervous system, as well as the potential for co-localization of two different mRNA species within individual cells.
Photoaffinity labeling of tubulin subunits with a photoactive analog of vinblastine (1987)

A photoactive, radioactive analogue of vinblastine, N-(p-azido[3,5-3H]benzoyl)-N'-(beta-amino-ethyl)vindesine ([ 3H]NABV), was used to localize the Vinca alkaloid binding site(s) on calf brain tubulin after establishing that its in vitro interactions with tubulin were comparable to those of vinblastine. Microtubule assembly was inhibited by 50% with 2 microM NABV or vinblastine. At higher drug concentrations, NABV and vinblastine both induced tubulin aggregation, and both drugs inhibited tubulin-dependent GTP hydrolysis. Vinblastine and NABV inhibited each other's binding to tubulin, but the binding of neither drug was inhibited by colchicine. Two classes of binding sites for NABV and vinblastine were found on calf brain tubulin. High-affinity sites had apparent KD values of 4.2 and 0.54 microM for NABV and vinblastine, respectively, whereas the low-affinity binding sites showed apparent KD values of 26 and 14 microM for NABV and vinblastine, respectively. Mixtures of tubulin and [3H]NABV were irradiated at 302 nm and analyzed for incorporation of radioactivity into protein. Photolabeling of both the alpha- and beta-subunits of tubulin with increasing concentrations of [3H]NABV exhibited a biphasic pattern characteristic of specific and nonspecific reactions. Nonspecific labeling was determined in the presence of excess vinblastine. Saturable specific covalent incorporation into both subunits of tubulin was observed, with an alpha:beta ratio of 3:2 and maximum saturable incorporation of 0.086 and 0.056 mol of [3H]NABV/mol of alpha-tubulin and beta-tubulin, respectively. Such photolabeling of the tubulin subunits will permit precise localization of Vinca alkaloid binding sites, including identification of the amino acid residues involved, an essential requirement for understanding the interactions of these drugs with tubulin.
Neuromodulation for intractable OAB (2011)

To review the current status of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) in the treatment of intractable overactive bladder symptoms, the PubMed English-language literature was used to address efficacy, technical issues, alternative techniques, the mechanism of action, adverse events, the cost-effectiveness, and current considerations on the use of SNM as second-line treatment in OAB. Several studies attest to the short- and long-term efficacy of SNM in reducing urgency incontinence and the remaining OAB symptoms. Few, medium-sized sample, randomized controlled trials exist. Little is known about long-term patient satisfaction from SNM and prognostic factors have not been identified. Technical advances have significantly improved patient selection and outcomes, as well as complication rates, but revision rates still remain high. The mechanism of action remains largely unknown, but appears to be associated with reorganization of spinal reflexes and regulation of cortical activity. Reports on cost-effectiveness are conflicting. Less invasive forms of SNM may offer a viable alternative to central SNM. In conclusion, current evidence supports the short- and long-term efficacy of SNM in treating intractable OAB, but further research is needed to improve patient selection, identify prognostic factors, clarify the mechanism of action and reduce complications and revision rates.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Anchored Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycles of Potential Biological Activity from 2,3‐Dioxobutanethioanilide 2‐Arylhydrazone. (1990)

Abstract Coupling of the β‐oxothioanilide (I) with the aryldiazonium salts (II) leads to the formation of the arylhydrazones (III) which are cyclized with semicarbazide hydrochloride (IV) to form the pyrazoles (V).
Evaluation of Roentgenogram of Osteoporotic Patients Using Computer (1990)

A set of image processing apparatus consisting of a viewbox, a videocamera, an IBM compatible personal computer, and a digitalized monitor was designed to evaluate the spinal roentgenograms of osteoporotic patients. The image of roentgenogram was caught by the videocamera and then transferred in form of groups of light spots into the computer where these light spots could be digitalized, memorized, and analized. An 1cm×1cm square area was selected at center of lateral spinal roentgenogram and the average gray sscale of light spots within this area was calculated to stand for its radiolucency. The relationship existed between average gray scales and mineral contents of the vertebral bodies was correlated. The average gray scale of spinal roentgenograms of osteoporotic group was 42±15 and nonosteoporotic group was 87±20. by student test, it was statistically significant (p＜0.001).
Effects of Hydrophilic Plasticizers on Mechanical, Thermal, and Surface Properties of Chitosan Films (2005)

Chitosan films were plasticized with four hydrophilic compounds, namely, glycerol (GLY), ethylene glycol (EG), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and propylene glycol (PG). Our objective was to investigate the effect of plasticizers on mechanical and surface properties of chitosan films. The stability of plasticized films was observed by storage for 3 and 20 weeks in an environmental chamber at 50 +/- 5% RH and 23 +/- 2 degrees C. Plasticization improves the chitosan ductility, and typical stress-strain curves of plasticized films have the features of ductile materials, except the film made with 5% PG that exhibits as a brittle polymer and shows an antiplasticization effect. In most cases, the elongation of plasticized films decreases with the storage time, which might be due to the recrystallization of chitosan and the loss of moisture and plasticizer from the film matrix. Although at the beginning the mechanical properties of films made with PG, at high plasticizer concentration, are comparable to those of films made with EG, GLY, and PEG, their stability is poor and they tend to become brittle materials. The surface properties, analyzed by contact angle measurement, reveal that plasticization increases film hydrophilicity. It is found that GLY and PEG are more suitable as chitosan plasticizers than EG and PG by taking into account their plasticization efficiency and storage stability. Furthermore, a plasticizer concentration of 20% (w/w) with GLY or PEG seemingly is sufficient to obtain flexible chitosan film with a good stability for 5 months of storage.
Chlamydia pneumoniae antigens, rather than viable bacteria, persist in atherosclerotic lesions (2000)

No evidence was obtained for the involvement of other members of the order Chlamydiales in atherosclerosis. The presence of C pneumoniae antigen in the absence of DNA and 16S rRNA suggests that antigens, rather than viable bacteria, persist in atherosclerotic lesions.