gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Work in progress: potential oral and intravenous paramagnetic NMR contrast agents. (1983)

The potential use of paramagnetic compounds as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) contrast agents was examined in vitro. The T1 relaxation times for serial dilutions of Cu2+, Cr3+, Fe3+, and Mn2+ ions in saline, gadolinium oxalate (a potential oral contrast agent) in suspension, and chromium EDTA (a potential intravenous contrast agent) in solution were determined. The effect on T1 of increasing the concentration of oxygen in solution was also examined. The relative magnitude of the decrease in T1 was, as expected, proportional to both the concentration of the paramagnetic substance and its effective magnetic moment. Thus NMR has the potential to detect differences in tissue oxygenation. By incorporating paramagnetic metal ions into insoluble compounds or stable complexes, toxicity can be dramatically reduced while maintaining a significant paramagnetic effect. Highly insoluble paramagnetic compounds or stable paramagnetic ion complexes can thus be utilized as effective NMR contrast agents with significantly diminished toxicity.
CHOP plus rituximab chemoimmunotherapy of indolent B-cell lymphoma. (1999)

Indolent (low-grade) B-cell lymphomas are responsive to single-agent and combination chemotherapy agents, but unfortunately possess an incurable, relapsing nature. Novel agents and innovative treatment approaches need to be evaluated in these patients, with the ultimate goals of maintaining good quality of life and prolonging overall survival. Novel combinations of chemotherapeutic agents, monoclonal antibodies (both unlabeled and radiolabeled), and anti-idiotypic vaccine therapies are currently being evaluated. This article reports on the first successful clinical trial combining a chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab; Rituxan, IDEC Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, and Genentech, Inc, San Francisco, CA) with standard-dose combination chemotherapy (ie, cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin/vincristine/prednisone [CHOP]) in the treatment of patients with indolent B-cell lymphoma. A 95% overall response (55%, complete remission; 40%, partial remission) rate using strict definitions for complete remission and extensive staging studies was achieved in a 40-patient intent-to-treat group. In addition, seven of seven patients with follicular histologies achieving complete remission also had clearing of BCL-2 (chromosome 14;18 translocation) positivity from blood and marrow by sensitive polymerase chain reaction assay, suggesting the eradication of subclinical minimal residual disease. Based on its single-agent efficacy, excellent toxicity profile, and ability to be successfully combined with combination chemotherapy (ie, CHOP), rituximab is currently undergoing extensive investigation in a large number of worldwide clinical trials to determine its optimal use in the treatment of CD20-positive neoplasms.
The Concept of Behavioral Inhibition (1999)

Abstract This volume presents a review of the current state of knowledge on fear and its pathological expressions. Two of the most common psychiatric disorders — anxiety and mood disorders — involve dysregulation of some sort in components of the fear system. The study of fear demonstrates a noteworthy development in the science of emotion where continuous two-way interaction regularly occurs between scientists studying the phenomena in animals at more basic levels and those studying it in humans at more integrative levels.
Increased Growth Rate in a SiC CVD Reactor Using HCl as a Growth Additive (2005)

Hydrogen chloride (HCl) was added to a standard SiC epitaxial growth process as an additive gas. A low-pressure, hot-wall CVD reactor, using silane and propane precursors and a hydrogen carrier gas, was used for these experiments. It is proposed that the addition of HCl suppresses Si cluster formation in the gas phase, and possibly also preferentially etches material of low crystalline quality. The exact mechanism of the growth using an HCl additive is still under investigation, however, higher growth rates could be obtained and the surfaces were improved when HCl was added to the flow. The film morphology was studied using SEM and AFM and the quality with LTPL analysis, which are reported.
An Efficient Conjugate Addition of Dialkyl Phosphite to Electron-Deficient Olefins: The Use of a Nucleophilic Organocatalyst to Form a Strong Base (2013)

School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, KoreaReceived December 12, 2012, Accepted December 30, 2012Key Words : Conjugate addition, Dialkyl phosphite, Electron-deficient olefins, OrganocatalystThe formation of a zwitterionic species between electron-deficient olefins and tertiary amine or phosphine is a pivotaland the starting point for the Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH)reaction
Multivalent Poly(ethylene glycol)-Containing Conjugates for In Vivo Antibody Suppression (2003)

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was incorporated into multivalent conjugates of the N-terminal domain of beta(2)GPI (domain 1). PEG was incorporated to reduce the rate of elimination of the conjugates from plasma and to putatively improve their efficacy as toleragens for the suppression of anti-beta(2)GPI antibodies and the treatment of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Three structurally distinct types of multivalent platforms were constructed by incorporating PEG into the platform structures in different ways. The amount of PEG incorporated ranged from about 5000 g per mole to about 30000 g per mole. The platforms were functionalized with either four or eight aminooxy groups. The conjugates were prepared by forming oxime linkages between the aminooxy groups and N-terminally glyoxylated domain 1 polypeptide. The plasma half-life of each conjugate, labeled with (125)I, was measured in both mice and rats. The half-lives of the conjugates ranged from less than 10 min to about 1 h in mice, and from less than 3 h to about 19 h in rats. The ability of five tetravalent conjugates to suppress anti-domain 1 antibodies in immunized rats was also measured. Incorporation of PEG in the conjugates significantly reduced the doses required for suppression, and the amount of reduction correlated with the amount of PEG incorporated.
Mucosal T Cells Expressing High Levels of IL-7 Receptor Are Potential Targets for Treatment of Chronic Colitis (2003)

The IL-7/IL-7R-dependent signaling pathway plays a crucial role in regulating the immune response in intestinal mucosa. Here we demonstrate the pivotal role of this pathway in the development and treatment of chronic colitis. T cells expressing high levels of IL-7R were substantially infiltrated in the chronic inflamed mucosa of TCR alpha-chain knockout mice and IL-7 transgenic mice. Transfer of mucosal T cells expressing high levels of IL-7R, but not T cells expressing low levels of IL-7R, from these mice into recombinase-activating gene-2(-/-) mice induced chronic colitis. Selective elimination of T cells expressing high levels of IL-7R by administrating small amounts of toxin-conjugated anti-IL-7R Ab completely ameliorated established, ongoing colitis. These findings provide evidence that therapeutic approaches targeting mucosal T cells expressing high levels of IL-7R are effective in the treatment of chronic intestinal inflammation and may be feasible for use in the therapy of human inflammatory bowel disease.
The Pitfalls of Visual Representations (2015)

A large body of research has addressed the benefits of visualization, whereas the analysis of the pitfalls has not received systematic attention. We aim to provide an overview of the common pitfalls and potential disadvantages of visual representations based on a multidisciplinary literature review. Subsequently, we develop a theoretically grounded classification of common cognitive, emotional, and social risks of visualization and populate it with a comprehensive list of visualization pitfalls. The aim of this research is not to diminish the potential of visualization, but rather to improve visual literacy by structuring our understanding of the possible limitations of graphic representations.
Analysis of the Cdc28 protein kinase complex by dosage suppression (1989)

In the interest of identifying components of the Cdc28 protein kinase complex, dosage suppression analysis was performed on temperature-sensitive and dominant negative CDC28 mutations. Dosage suppression is based on a rationale in which elevated expression of wild-type genes can rescue mutations in a target gene as a result of interaction between the respective encoded proteins. Three sequences capable of rescuing a temperature sensitive cdc28 mutation were isolated from a library of wild-type genomic DNA segments in the high copy vector YEp13. Two of these, named CLN1 and CLN2 were found to encode closely related proteins with homology to cyclins. The third, CKS1, encodes an 18K (K = 10(3) Mr) protein that has been shown to be a component of the Cdc28 protein kinase complex and is a homolog of the suc1+ product of fission yeast. A number of dosage suppressors of the CDC28-dn1 dominant negative mutation have been isolated. The one analyzed to date encodes a truncated subunit of the mitochondrial enzyme succinyl-CoA synthetase. The basis for suppression in this case remains to be elucidated.
FFT for the APE Parallel Computer (1997)

We present a parallel FFT algorithm for SIMD systems following the "Transpose Algorithm" approach. The method is based on the assignment of the data field onto a one-dimensional ring of systolic cells. The systolic array can be universally mapped onto any parallel system. In particular for systems with next-neighbor connectivity our method has the potential to improve the efficiency of matrix transposition by use of hyper-systolic communication. We have realized a scalable parallel FFT on the APE100/Quadrics massively parallel computer, where our implementation is part of a two-dimensional hydrodynamics code for turbulence studies.
面向不同气候条件下低耗能、高效、大进深公共建筑的设计策略类型学 (2004)

设计规模较大的、可持续性的商业或公共建筑物，大进深的平面布局看起来不太可能是一条路子。本文分析了经过15年发展而来的4种相对不同建筑物类型的环境设计策略，它们都具有一个共商特性：客户都基于对高效的要求而提出大进深平面布局，这些案例分析基于不同的场地：乡村、市郊和市区以及不同的气候条件下英国内陆的温带性气候，温暖的南部地中海式气候，伦敦的都市热岛区，以及美国伊利诺斯州芝加哥的难以宜人的大陆性气候。本文试图证明相应的类型学正兴起在这些作品中，并认为这种类型学中所发掘的潜力可以运用到中国多种气候区的可持续性建筑设计中。
New Evidence on Home Prices from Freddie Mac Repeat Sales (1991)

The weighted repeat sales price index methodology recently reported in Case and Shiller [5] [6] is applied to a dataset of over eight million loans bought by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation over the last twenty years. Regional price indices are reported and compared to indices from other sources. Statistical issues in the creation of the index, both technical and due to sample selectivity of the Freddie Mac dataset, are extensively discussed. It is found that the new index grows at a rate similar to other indices up until 1985, after which time it grows at a significantly higher rate.
One-Channel Time Reversal of Elastic Waves in a Chaotic 2D-Silicon Cavity (1997)

Acoustic time-reversal experiments usually need large arrays of transducers. It is shown that in a reflecting cavity with negligible absorption one is able to perform a time reversal of elastic waves using a single element. The field is measured at one point over a long period of time and the time-reversed signal is reinjected at the same position. Numerical simulations illustrate the process. Experiments carried out in silicon wafers show that it is possible to obtain an excellent temporal and spatial focusing quality.
Validity of the disease activity score in undifferentiated arthritis (2010)

The DAS appears to be a reasonably valid measure of disease activity for use in UA clinical trials.
Actinic prurigo (Hutchinson's summer prurigo) (1977)

Journal Article Actinic prurigo (Hutchinson's summer prurigo) Get access C.D. CALNAN, C.D. CALNAN St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle Street, Leicester Square, London wC2H 7BJ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.H. MEARA R.H. MEARA St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle Street, Leicester Square, London wC2H 7BJ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, Volume 2, Issue 4, 1 December 1977, Pages 365–372, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.1977.tb01577.x Published: 01 December 1977 Article history Accepted: 18 June 1977 Published: 01 December 1977
Design and simulation of a cockroach-like hexapod robot (2002)

This paper describes the design and simulation of a cockroach-like hexapod robot which is under construction for the purpose of testing control principles which are being extracted from the cockroach. The cockroach was chosen because of its remarkable running and climbing capabilities and because much is known about its biomechanics and control. The robot is designed with five, four, and three degrees of freedom in the front, middle and rear legs, respectively, to permit it to mimic the different functions of cockroach legs. Pneumatic cylinders actuate each joint and provide opposing muscle-like forces to actuate the joints. Pulse-width modulation controls the actuators with the necessary smoothness and precision. A dynamic simulation has been developed to predict loads on the structure and the required joint torques.
Effective and specific in planta RNAi in cyst nematodes: expression interference of four parasitism genes reduces parasitic success (2008)

Cyst nematodes are highly evolved sedentary plant endoparasites that use parasitism proteins injected through the stylet into host tissues to successfully parasitize plants. These secretory proteins likely are essential for parasitism as they are involved in a variety of parasitic events leading to the establishment of specialized feeding cells required by the nematode to obtain nourishment. With the advent of RNA interference (RNAi) technology and the demonstration of host-induced gene silencing in parasites, a new strategy to control pests and pathogens has become available, particularly in root-knot nematodes. Plant host-induced silencing of cyst nematode genes so far has had only limited success but similarly should disrupt the parasitic cycle and render the host plant resistant. Additional in planta RNAi data for cyst nematodes are being provided by targeting four parasitism genes through host-induced RNAi gene silencing in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana, which is a host for the sugar beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii. Here it is reported that mRNA abundances of targeted nematode genes were specifically reduced in nematodes feeding on plants expressing corresponding RNAi constructs. Furthermore, this host-induced RNAi of all four nematode parasitism genes led to a reduction in the number of mature nematode females. Although no complete resistance was observed, the reduction of developing females ranged from 23% to 64% in different RNAi lines. These observations demonstrate the relevance of the targeted parasitism genes during the nematode life cycle and, potentially more importantly, suggest that a viable level of resistance in crop plants may be accomplished in the future using this technology against cyst nematodes.
Antioxidants for Alzheimer Disease (2012)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00117403.
A general construction scheme for unit quaternion curves with simple high order derivatives (1995)

Article A general construction scheme for unit quaternion curves with simple high order derivatives Share on Authors: Myoung-Jun Kim Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, KoreaView Profile , Myung-Soo Kim View Profile , Sung Yong Shin Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Taejeon 305-701, Korea Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Taejeon 305-701, KoreaView Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGGRAPH '95: Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniquesSeptember 1995 Pages 369–376https://doi.org/10.1145/218380.218486Online:15 September 1995Publication History 100citation2,060DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations100Total Downloads2,060Last 12 Months81Last 6 weeks9 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Glycopeptides inhibit allospecific cytotoxic T lymphocyte recognition in an MHC-specific manner. (1986)

Attempts to block specific T cell recognition with soluble extracts have been uniformly unsuccessful. However, we found that glycopeptides prepared from three MHC-different tumor cell lines were able to inhibit binding of allospecific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to an appropriate tumor cell or Con A blast target cell. Inhibition was only observed when the MHC of the cell providing the glycopeptide was the same as the MHC of the target cell being recognized. This result was obtained by using both fully allogeneic CTL and CTL generated between B10 congenic mice differing only at the MHC. This suggests that the inhibition depends on the MHC expressed by the target cell. Because we extensively pronase digested cell glycoproteins and then enriched for glycopeptides containing small amounts of peptide, we attribute the inhibition to the carbohydrate portion of the glycopeptide. Our observations suggest that CTL may, in part, recognize carbohydrate molecules on the target cell surface whose specific structure(s) is influenced or regulated by genes in or near the MHC. They also suggest that the T cell receptor complex has some lectin-like properties.
A Non-Invasive Method for Bladder Electromyography in Humans (1998)

No convincing correlation of bladder EMG in humans to simultaneously measured intravesical pressure has been reported in the literature. In most studies on bladder EMG the electrodes contact the bladder wall itself. This causes problems in the discrimination between very small extracellular signals, reflecting actual membrane potential changes of bladder muscle cells, and large electro-mechanical artefact caused by electrode movement as the tissue contracts. Aim of this study is to investigate whether bladder EMG can be performed non-invasively with Ag-AgCl surface electrodes that are placed on the abdominal skin of healthy volunteers. Bipolar electrode signals are obtained in a diagonal, vertical and horizontal direction of the abdominal electrodes. A conventional urodynamic investigation is performed according to International Continence Society standards simultaneously with bladder EMG. This new method shows that voiding is accompanied by a slow voltage change in bipolar electrode signals. The contribution of abdominal and other striated muscle activity to the bipolar electrode signals can clearly be distinguished from the slow voltage changes related to voiding. Free flowmetry shows that the electrical activity picked up by the abdominal electrodes is related to bladder emptying. In pressure/flow studies a relation between the electrical activity and the detrusor pressure is found. The present results suggest that the slow voltage changes found during bladder contraction are caused by summed membrane potential changes of bladder muscle cells, but this concept needs further testing. Also, validation for clinical use remains to be established.
Enzymatic acylation in the resolution of methyl threo-2-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-X-phenylthio)propionates in organic solvents (1993)

A practical lipase PS (Pseudomonas cepacia)-catalysed resolution of methyl threo-2- hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-X-phenylthio) propionates 3, the (2S,3S)-enantiomers of which are important intermediates in the diltiazem synthesis, has been performed using acetone oxime, and isopropenyl or vinyl acetates as acylating reagents in organic solvents. The substituent X in compounds 3 does not have a clear effect on the enzymatic enantioselectivity, but the time needed for the resolution depends on X. The immobilization of the enzyme on Celite or Chromosorb in the presence of sucrose greatly enhances enzymatic activity. The immobilized enzyme is stable for reuse.
A randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of a one‐step conditioning agent in sealant placement: 6‐month results (2006)

In view of the findings of this investigation, best practice for the placement of sealants remains enamel preparation with acid etch and the use of an intermediate bonding layer.
Pregnancy-associated and placental proteins in the placental tissue of normal pregnant women and patients with pre-eclampsia at term (2002)

Our data suggest that the placenta, possibly by a compensatory mechanism, is at least in part responsible for the altered serum levels observed in pre-eclampsia.
Isolation and Properties of Floral Defensins from Ornamental Tobacco and Petunia (2003)

The flowers of the solanaceous plants ornamental tobacco (Nicotiana alata) and petunia (Petunia hybrida) produce high levels of defensins during the early stages of development. In contrast to the well-described seed defensins, these floral defensins are produced as precursors with C-terminal prodomains of 27 to 33 amino acids in addition to a typical secretion signal peptide and central defensin domain of 47 or 49 amino acids. Defensins isolated from N. alata and petunia flowers lack the C-terminal domain, suggesting that it is removed during or after transit through the secretory pathway. Immunogold electron microscopy has been used to demonstrate that the N. alata defensin is deposited in the vacuole. In addition to the eight canonical cysteine residues that define the plant defensin family, the two petunia defensins have an extra pair of cysteines that form a fifth disulfide bond and hence define a new subclass of this family of proteins. Expression of the N. alata defensin NaD1 is predominantly flower specific and is most active during the early stages of flower development. NaD1 transcripts accumulate in the outermost cell layers of petals, sepals, anthers, and styles, consistent with a role in protection of the reproductive organs against potential pathogens. The floral defensins inhibit the growth of Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium oxysporum in vitro, providing further support for a role in protection of floral tissues against pathogen invasion.
Effect of immune response on gene transfer to the lung via systemic administration of cationic lipidic vectors (1999)

Cationic lipid-mediated intravenous gene delivery shows promise in treating pulmonary diseases including lung tumor metastases, pulmonary hypertension, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Nevertheless, clinical applications of cationic lipidic vectors via intravenous administration are limited by their transient gene expression. In addition, repeated dosing is not effective at frequent intervals. In an effort to elucidate the mechanism of gene inactivation, we report in this study that cationic lipid-protamine-DNA (LPD) complexes, but not each component alone, can induce a high level of cytokine production, including interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Furthermore, we demonstrate that LPD administration triggers apoptosis in the lung, a phenomenon that may be mediated in part by the two cytokines. Treatment of mice with antibodies against the two cytokines prolongs the duration of gene expression and also improves lung transfection on a second administration of LPD. Although the mechanism underlying LPD-induced cytokine production is unclear, methylation of the DNA significantly decreased the level of both interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, suggesting that unmethylated CpG sequences in plasmid DNA play an important role. These data suggest that decreasing the CpG-mediated immune response while not affecting gene expression may be a useful therapeutic strategy to improve cationic lipid-mediated intravenous gene delivery to the lung.