gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotective agents and cerebral ischaemia (1997)

Mechanisms of Nerve Cell Death: Apoptosis or Necrosis after Cerebral Ischaemia, R.M.E. Chalmers-Redman, A.D. Fraser, W.Y.H. Ju, J. Wadia, N.A. Tatton, and W.G. Tatton. Changes in Ionic Fluxes during Cerebral Ischaemia, T. Kristian and B.K. Siesjoe. Techniques for Examining Neuroprotective Drugs in Vivo, A.R. Green and A.J. Cross. Techniques for Assessing Neuroprotective Drugs in Vitro, M. P. Goldberg, U. Strasser and L.L. Dugan. Calcium Antagonists: Their Role in Neuroprotection, A.J. Hunter. Sodium and Potassium Channel Modulators: Their Role in Neuroprotection, T.P. Obrenovich. NMDA Antagonists: Their Role in Neuroprotection, D.L. Small and A.M. Buchan. Development of the NMDA Ion-Channel Blocker Aptiganel Hydrochloride as a Neuroprotective Agent for Acute CNS Injury, R.N. McBurney. Pharmacology of AMPA Antagonists and their Role in Neuroprotection, R. Gill and D. Lodge. GABA and Neuroprotection, P.D. Lyden. Adenosine and Neuroprotection, B.B. Fredholm. Interleukins and Cerebral Ischaemia, N.J. Rothwell, S.A. Loddick, and P. Stroemer. Nitrone-Based Free Radical Traps as Neuroprotective Agents in Cerebral Ischaemia and other Pathologies, K.Hensley, J.M. Carney, C.A. Stewart, T. Tabatabaie, Q. Pye, and R.A. Floyd. Neurotoxic and Neuroprotective Roles of Nitric Oxide in Cerebral Ischaemia, T. Dalkara and M.A. Moskowitz. A Review of Earlier Clinical Studies on Neuroprotective Agents and Current Approaches, N.G. Wahlgren. Index. Contents of Recent Volumes.
Role for the BRCA1 C-terminal Repeats (BRCT) Protein 53BP1 in Maintaining Genomic Stability (2003)

p53-binding protein-1 (53BP1) is phosphorylated in response to DNA damage and rapidly relocalizes to presumptive sites of DNA damage along with Mre11 and the phosphorylated histone 2A variant, gamma-H2AX. 53BP1 associates with the BRCA1 tumor suppressor, and knock-down experiments with small interfering RNA have revealed a role for the protein in the checkpoint response to DNA damage. By generating mice defective in m53BP1 (m53BP1(tr/tr)), we have created an animal model to further explore its biochemical and genetic roles in vivo. We find that m53BP1(tr/tr) animals are growth-retarded and show various immune deficiencies including a specific reduction in thymus size and T cell count. Consistent with a role in responding to DNA damage, we find that m53BP1(tr/tr) mice are sensitive to ionizing radiation (gamma-IR), and cells from these animals exhibit chromosomal abnormalities consistent with defects in DNA repair. Thus, 53BP1 is a critical element in the DNA damage response and plays an integral role in maintaining genomic stability.
OPTiM: A randomized phase III trial of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) versus subcutaneous (SC) granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) for the treatment (tx) of unresected stage IIIB/C and IV melanoma. (2013)

LBA9008 The full, final text of this abstract will be available at abstract.asco.org at 7:30 AM (EDT) on Saturday, June, 1, 2013, and in the Annual Meeting Proceedings online supplement to the June 20, 2013, issue of Journal of Clinical Oncology. Onsite at the Meeting, this abstract will be printed in the Saturday edition of ASCO Daily News.
Magic: A VLSI Layout System (1984)

Magic is a smart layout system for integrated circuits. The user interface is based on a new design style called logs, which combines the efficiency of mask-level design with the flexibility of symbolic design. The system incorporates expertise about design rules and connectivity directly into the layout system in order to implement powerful new operations, including: a continuous design-rule checker that operates in background to maintain an up-to-date picture of violations; an operation called plowing that permits interactive stretching and compaction; and routing tools that can work under and around existing connections in the channels. Magic uses a new data structure called corner stitching to achieve an efficient implementation of these operations.
Reduction of mask error enhancement factor (MEEF) by the optimum exposure dose self-adjusted mask (2001)

To reduce mask error enhancement factor (MEEF), we have developed the new type half-tone phase shift mask (HTPSM) in which transparent regions are surrounded by opaque rims. We evaluated the imaging performance of contact hole patterns including the MEEF and the depth of focus (DOF). Using this new method, we obtained about 2.0 MEEF and 0.7-micrometers DOF for 180-nm isolated hole, which was much better than that in the conventional mask such as binary mask or HTPSM (the MEEF more than 3). The advantage of our method was that it was possible to attain both the MEEF reduction and the DOF enhancement by the optimization of mask hole size and rim width. Furthermore, we confirmed that this new method was effective not only for improving the exposure dose latitude but also for attenuating side-peak effect.
Human bone marrow colony growth in agar‐gel (1970)

Abstract A technique for growing human bone marrow cell colonies in agar‐gel medium is described. “Feeder layers” containing 1 × 10 6 normal human peripheral white blood cells are used as the stimulus for colony growth. Human bone marrow aspirates are collected in heparinized syringes and plated as 2 × 10 5 cells on “feeder layers.” Normal human bone marrow yields 32–102 colonies per 2 × 10 5 cells plated. Colonies are almost exclusively granulocytic. Growth rate of colonies is slower than with mouse bone marrow but colonies reach a comparable size (500–1500 cells) at days 12–16.
Comparison of S100 protein and MIA protein as serum marker for malignant melanoma. (2000)

Our data strongly suggest that S100 and MIA represent serum tumor markers that are valuable both in therapy-monitoring and in detection of tumour progression.
Replication-Competent Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Encoding Hepatitis C Virus Envelope Proteins (2007)

Although in vitro replication of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) JFH1 clone of genotype 2a (HCVcc) has been developed, a robust cell culture system for the 1a and 1b genotypes, which are the most prevalent viruses in the world and resistant to interferon therapy, has not yet been established. As a surrogate virus system, pseudotype viruses transiently bearing HCV envelope proteins based on the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and retrovirus have been developed. Here, we have developed a replication-competent recombinant VSV with a genome encoding unmodified HCV E1 and E2 proteins in place of the VSV envelope protein (HCVrv) in human cell lines. HCVrv and a pseudotype VSV bearing the unmodified HCV envelope proteins (HCVpv) generated in 293T or Huh7 cells exhibited high infectivity in Huh7 cells. Generation of infectious HCVrv was limited in some cell lines examined. Furthermore, HCVrv but not HCVpv was able to propagate and form foci in Huh7 cells. The infection of Huh7 cells with HCVpv and HCVrv was neutralized by anti-hCD81 and anti-E2 antibodies and by sera from chronic HCV patients. The infectivity of HCVrv was inhibited by an endoplasmic reticulum alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, N-(n-nonyl) deoxynojirimycin (Nn-DNJ), but not by a Golgi mannosidase inhibitor, deoxymannojirimycin. Focus formation of HCVrv in Huh7 cells was impaired by Nn-DNJ treatment. These results indicate that the HCVrv developed in this study can be used to study HCV envelope proteins with respect to not only the biological functions in the entry process but also their maturation step.
Extracellular human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein is associated with an increase in both NF-kappa B binding and protein kinase C activity in primary human astrocytes (1996)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection has been associated with an increase in the binding of the transcription factor NF-kappa B to its consensus sequence in the viral promoter. Using cultures of primary human fetal astrocytes, we show that exogenous HIV-1 Tat protein, which has been demonstrated to be released from infected cells, is associated with an increase in the binding of this transcription factor to an HIV-1 long terminal repeat kappa B sequence. This effect occurs rapidly and is independent of new protein synthesis. We also demonstrate that extracellular Tat protein is associated with an increase in protein kinase C activity. If Tat functions similarly in other cell types, such findings could relate to some of this protein's previously described physiological effects. These effects include Tat's ability to upregulate the synthesis of specific cytokines and to act as a growth factor.
Soluble CD21 induces activation and differentiation of human monocytes through binding to membrane CD23 (1998)

Interactions between CD23, the low-affinity receptor for IgE, and CD21, the C3d/EBV receptor, modulate several intracellular events in lymphocytes. A soluble form of CD21 (sCD21) corresponding to the extracellular domain of the receptor circulates in normal plasma. We now demonstrate that purified sCD21 acts as a functional ligand for CD23-expressing monocytes. Soluble CD21 induced an increase in intracellular cGMP levels and the production of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in IL-4-pretreated monocytes induced to express CD23 but not in unstimulated CD23- monocytes. The accumulation of cGMP and the production of TNF-alpha were inhibited by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), indicating that sCD21 activates the L-arginine pathway of NO production. We demonstrated that sCD21 activates NO synthase (NOS) since it was found to enhance the conversion of L-arginine into L-citrulline and induce the intracellular expression of inducible NOS in CD23+ monocytes. In addition, sCD21 was shown to up-regulate the expression of HLA-DR and CD40 and decrease that of CD14 on cultured CD23+ monocytes. Thus, in a fashion similar to IgE complexes, sCD21 is able to efficiently trigger CD23 signaling pathways, inducing the release of pro-inflammatory mediators by human monocytes. Soluble CD21 up-regulates the expression of molecules involved in antigen presentation, further suggesting a potential immunoregulatory function for the soluble molecule.
SketchIT: a Sketch Interpretation Tool for Conceptual Mechanical Design (1996)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1995.
Evidence for an anion exchange mechanism for uptake of conjugated bile acid from the rat jejunum (1999)

Absorption of conjugated bile acids from the small intestine is very efficient. The mechanisms of jejunal absorption are not very well understood. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism of absorption of conjugated bile acid at the apical membrane of jejunal epithelial cells. Brush-border membrane vesicles from intestinal epithelial cells of the rat were prepared. Absorption of two taurine-conjugated bile acids that are representative of endogenous bile acids in many variate vertebrate species were studied. In ileal, but not jejunal brush-border membrane vesicles, transport of conjugated bile acids was cis-stimulated by sodium. Transport of conjugated bile acids was trans-stimulated by bicarbonate in the jejunum. Absorption of conjugated dihydroxy-bile acids was almost twice as fast as of trihydroxy-bile acids. Coincubation with other conjugated bile acids, bromosulfophthalein, and DIDS, as well as by incubation in the cold inhibited the transport rate effectively. Absorption of conjugated bile acids in the jejunum from the rat is driven by anion exchange and is most likely an antiport transport.
A new glnA-linked regulatory gene for glutamine synthetase in Escherichia coli. (1979)

Mutations in the glnA region of the Escherichia coli chromosome due to Mu prophage insertion result in two phenotypic classes. One class is Gln- and does not synthesize glutamine synthetase[L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming), EC 6.3.1.2] under any growth condition. The other class produces a low level of glutamine synthetase under all growth conditions and is uncoupled from the regulatory effects of mutations in the glnF and glnD genes. Complementation analysis demonstrates that these two classes of insertions are in different cistrons. From these data we suggest that a regulatory gene, glnG, tightly linked to glnA, mediates both activation and repression of glutamine synthetase synthesis. An analysis of the evidence accumulated to date makes it unlikely that glnG is the only gene in the glnA region involved in the complex system of nitrogen regulation.
Electronic effects of peripheral substituents in porphyrins: x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio self-consistent field calculations (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectronic effects of peripheral substituents in porphyrins: x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio self-consistent field calculationsPaul G. Gassman, Abhik Ghosh, and Jan AlmlofCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 25, 9990–10000Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00051a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00051a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1224Altmetric-Citations113LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Developments in third generation (3G) CDMA technology (2002)

The technology for the third generation (3G) CDMA wireless system has been advanced at an ever-increasing speed in the past five years. The focus of the technology developments has shifted from improving systems that provides traditional voice and other circuit-switched services to enabling high-speed, high-efficiency wireless packet data systems. An update of the current status in 3G CDMA standard development is given, followed by a description of the cdma2000 1X system, and a more detailed description of the high data rate (HDR) system to be adopted as the next phase of cdma2000 1X evolution.
β-Blockers and Glucose Control (1985)

Literature on the effects of beta-blockers on blood glucose is reviewed. Data are presented regarding the adrenergic influences on glucose regulation and the effects of beta-blockade during hypo- and hyperglycemia in normal and diabetic individuals. beta-adrenergic stimulation enhances insulin and glucagon secretion, as well as glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, and lipolysis. alpha-adrenergic stimulation inhibits insulin secretion and may inhibit glucagon secretion and enhance liver glycogenolysis. In nondiabetics, beta-blockers represent minimal risk of affecting glucose control. In insulin-dependent diabetics, beta-blockers can prolong, enhance, or alter the symptoms of hypoglycemia, while hyperglycemia appears to be the major risk in noninsulin-dependent diabetics. beta-blockers can potentially increase blood glucose concentrations and antagonize the action of oral hypoglycemic drugs.
Development of blood vessel searching system for HMS (2008)

In this study, we develop a new 3D miniature blood vessel searching system by using near-infrared LED light, a CMOS camera module with an image processing unit for a health monitoring system (HMS), a drug delivery system (DDS) which requires very high performance for automatic micro blood volume extraction and automatic blood examination. Our objective is to fabricate a highly reliable micro detection system by utilizing image capturing, image processing, and micro blood extraction devices. For the searching system to determine 3D blood vessel location, we employ the stereo method. The stereo method is a common photogrammetric method. It employs the optical path principle to detect 3D location of the disparity between two cameras. The principle for blood vessel visualization is derived from the ratio of hemoglobin's absorption of the near-infrared LED light. To get a high quality blood vessel image, we adopted an LED, with peak a wavelength of 940nm. The LED is set on the dorsal side of the finger and it irradiates the human finger. A blood vessel image is captured by a CMOS camera module, which is set below the palmer side of the finger. 2D blood vessel location can be detected by the luminance distribution of a one pixel line. To examine the accuracy of our detecting system, we carried out experiments using finger phantoms with blood vessel diameters of 0.5, 0.75, 1.0mm, at the depths of 0.5 ~ 2.0 mm from the phantom's surface. The experimental results of the estimated depth obtained by our detecting system shows good agreements with the given depths, and the viability of this system is confirmed.
The prospect of inter-data-center optical networks (2013)

Mega data centers and their interconnection networks have drawn great attention in recent years because of the rapid public adoption of cloud-based services. The unprecedented amount of data that needs to be communicated between data centers imposes new requirements and challenges to inter-data-center optical networks. In this article, we discuss the traffic growth trends and capacity demands of Google¿s inter-data-center network, and how they drive the network architectures and technologies to scale capacities and operational ease on existing fiber plants. We extensively review recent research findings and emerging technologies, such as digital coherent detection and the flexgrid dense wavelength-division multiplexed channel plan, and propose practical implementations, such as C+L-band transmission, packet and optical layer integration, and a software-defined networking enabled network architecture for both capacity and operational scaling. In addition, we point out a few critical areas that require more attention and research to improve efficiency and flexibility of an inter-data-center optical network: optical regeneration, data rate mismatch between Ethernet and optical transport, and real-time optical performance monitoring.
Novel add/drop filters for wavelength-division-multiplexing optical fiber systems using a Bragg grating assisted mismatched coupler (1996)

We have demonstrated a novel add/drop filter for use in wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) optical fiber systems based on a Bragg grating assisted mismatched coupler. The device is potentially easy to fabricate and stable, because it is not interferometric, unlike all similar devices demonstrated so far, and, therefore, does not need fine tuning of the interferometers during fabrication and does not have to maintain the balance of the interferometers during its lifetime.
ADMINISTRATION OF MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL IN A MURINE MODEL OF ACUTE GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE AFTER BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION1 (1997)

These results suggest that MM given orally is not effective in this murine model of GVHD and may not have a role in the treatment and prevention of acute GVHD arising from bone marrow transplantation in the clinical setting.
Neural aspects of allergic rhinitis (2007)

The neurology of the nose helps to explain the sensations encountered in allergic rhinitis and opens new frontiers for drug discovery.
Interaction of lipid in the maillard reaction between cysteine and ribose: The effect of a triglyceride and three phospholipids on the volatile products (1990)

Abstract The inclusion of phospholipid in the Maillard reaction between cysteine and ribose is known to modify the volatile aroma compounds produced. The contributions made to the headspace volatiles by 60 major products of this reaction have been compared for four different lipids and their effect on aroma quality noted. The results described demonstrate marked dissimilarities between the behaviour of the four lipids. The most noticeable distinction was between the effect of triglyceride and the three phospholipids, but there were also variations in the way that each of the three phospholipids participated in the Maillard reaction. As well as displaying marked differences in volatile products, reaction mixtures containing the four lipids possessed distinct aroma characteristics; the phospholipids containing phosphatidylethanolamine conferred the most meat‐like odour. These differences appear to be caused by the dissimilar fatty acid compositions and polar moieties. Thus this study underlines the importance of lipid interaction in the Maillard reaction for the formation of flavour.
Targeted Disruption of cd73 /Ecto-5′-Nucleotidase Alters Thromboregulation and Augments Vascular Inflammatory Response (2004)

To investigate the role of adenosine formed extracellularly in vascular homeostasis, mice with a targeted deletion of the cd73/ecto-5'-nucleotidase were generated. Southern blot, RT-PCR, and Western blot analysis confirmed the constitutive knockout. In vivo analysis of hemodynamic parameters revealed no significant differences in systolic blood pressure, ejection fraction, or cardiac output between strains. However, basal coronary flow measured in the isolated perfused heart was significantly lower (-14%; P<0.05) in the mutant. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong CD73 expression on the endothelium of conduit vessels in wild-type (WT) mice. Time to carotid artery occlusion after ferric chloride (FeCl3) was significantly reduced by 20% in cd73-/- mice (P<0.05). Bleeding time after tail tip resection tended to be shorter in cd73-/- mice (-35%). In vivo platelet cAMP levels were 0.96+/-0.46 in WT versus 0.68+/-0.27 pmol/106 cells in cd73-/- mice (P<0.05). Under in vitro conditions, platelet aggregation in response to ADP (0.05 to 10 micromol/L) was undistinguishable between the two strains. In the cremaster model of ischemia-reperfusion, the increase in leukocyte attachment to endothelium was significantly higher in cd73-/- compared with WT littermates (WT 98% versus cd73-/- 245%; P<0.005). The constitutive adhesion of monocytes in ex vivo-perfused carotid arteries of WT mice was negligible but significantly increased in arteries of cd73-/- mice (P<0.05). Thus, our data provide the first evidence that adenosine, extracellularly formed by CD73, can modulate coronary vascular tone, inhibit platelet activation, and play an important role in leukocyte adhesion to the vascular endothelium in vivo.
Detection and Characterization of the Serotonin 5‐HT1D Receptor in Rat and Human Brain (1988)

In the presence of 1 microM ( +/- )-pindolol [to block 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) 5-HT 1A and 5-HT 1B receptors] and 100 nM mesulergine (to block 5-HT 1C receptors), 2.0 nM [3H]5-HT binding to rat cortical homogenates is specific, saturable, and reversible. Scatchard analysis of [3H]5-HT binding, in the presence of 1 microM ( +/- )-pindolol and 100 nM mesulergine, produced a KD of 3.2 nM and Bmax of 43 fmol/mg protein. Distribution studies show this site to be present in most rat brain regions. This site is also detectable in human caudate. The pharmacological profile of this site is distinct from the previously identified 5-HT receptor subtypes. Compounds with high affinity for 5-HT 1A (8-hydroxydipropylaminotetralin), 5-HT 1B (trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine), 5-HT 1C (mesulergine), 5-HT 2 (4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine), and 5-HT3 (ICS 205-930) receptors have low affinity for this site. These data suggest the presence of an additional, previously unidentified, 5-HT binding site in rat and human brain tissue. This putative novel 5-HT receptor has a similar pharmacology to the "5-HT 1D" site detected in bovine brain by Heuring and Peroutka.