gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of quasispherical solutes on the nematic to isotropic transition in liquid crystals (1976)

When nonmesomorphic solutes are added to nematic liquid crystals, the nematic–isotropic transition temperature is depressed and a two-phase region is observed. The slopes, βn and βi, of the nematic and isotropic phase boundary lines in the reduced nematic–isotropic transition temperature (T*) vs solute mole fraction (x) diagrams are reported for binary mixtures of quasispherical solutes with nematic liquid crystals. The systems studied are Me4Sn, Et4C, Et4Sn, Pr4Sn, Bu4Pb, and Bu4Sn (Me = methyl, Et = ethyl, Pr = propyl, and Bu = butyl), mixed with p-methoxybenzylidene-p′-n-butylaniline (MBBA), and CCl4 mixed with p-p′-di-n-hexyloxyazoxybenzene (DHAB). Also reported are infinite dilution solute activity coefficients for several mixtures involving Et4C and CCl4. The experimental results are compared with predicted values from statistical–mechanical theories based on (a) a lattice model of hard rectangular parallelepipeds and cubes, (b) a virial expansion treatment of hard spherocylinders and spheres, and (c) a proposed modification of a mean field treatment (Maier–Saupe type) of axially symmetric and spherical molecules. All three models correctly predict the observed trend of increasing βn and βi with increasing solute size and yield predicted slopes which are at least within a factor of 2 of the experimental slopes. The modified mean field approach is found to give the best agreement with the activity coefficient data. A simple experimental method is proposed for estimating the effect of potential impurities (x?0.01) on the nematic–isotropic transition, and possible directions for future research in this area are suggested.
Guanosine pentaphosphate phosphohydrolase of Escherichia coli is a long-chain exopolyphosphatase. (1993)

An exopolyphosphatase [exopoly(P)ase; EC 3.6.1.11] activity has recently been purified to homogeneity from a mutant strain of Escherichia coli which lacks the principal exopoly(P)ase. The second exopoly(P)ase has now been identified as guanosine pentaphosphate phosphohydrolase (GPP; EC 3.6.1.40) by three lines of evidence: (i) the sequences of five tryptic digestion fragments of the purified protein are found in the translated gppA gene, (ii) the size of the protein (100 kDa) agrees with published values for GPP, and (iii) the ratio of exopoly(P)ase activity to GPP activity remains constant throughout a 300-fold purification in the last steps of the procedure. The enzyme liberates orthophosphate by processive hydrolysis of the phosphoanyhydride bonds of polyphosphate [poly(P)] chains (1000 residues) or by hydrolysis of the 5'-gamma-phosphate of guanosine 5'-triphosphate 3'-diphosphate (pppGpp) to guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate (ppGpp or "magic spot"). The Km for long-chain poly(P) as a substrate (approximately 0.5 nM) is far lower than that for pppGpp (0.13 mM); the kcat for the poly(P)ase activity is 1.1 s-1 and that for pppGpp hydrolase is 0.023 s-1. These and other findings direct attention to possible functions of poly(P) in the response of E. coli to stresses and deprivations.
Tagfs - tag semantics for hierarchical file systems (2006)

Abstract: Today, most computer users work with traditional hierarchical file systems for organizing large amounts of personal files. Recently, tagging has grown popular as an alternative means of organizing information resources. We argue that tagging is a powerful paradigm for efficient information access which overcomes many deficiencies of hierarchical file systems, especially in the context of the organization of large quantities of personal files. In this paper we present TagFS, a filesystem with tagging support which aims at a seamless integration of the tagging paradigm with local applications. While retaining the notions of directories and files and providing all standard filesystem operations, the semantics of these primitives are changed to modifications of the tag annotations.
Potential Distribution and Photovoltage Origin in Nanostructured TiO2 Sensitization Solar Cells:  An Interference Reflection Study (2001)

A well-defined modulation reflection spectrum due to a multiple interference process is originated in the TiO2 dye sensitizated solar cell (DSSC). Experimental evidence is shown that the interference process leading to the reflection spectrum takes place at the n-conducting F:SnO2(FTO) layer of the FTO/TiO2 back contact. Moreover, the interference reflectance spectrum is influenced by the applied potential and illumination bias and disappears when FTO is metallized with 10 Å of platinum. These results show that FTO/TiO2 cannot be considered as an ohmic but as a rectifying contact where the FTO behaves as a highly doped n-type semiconductor which absorbs an important part of the equilibrium contact potential in the dark. On the basis of our experimental results a new insight on the role of the dark equilibrium contact potential at the FTO/TiO2 interface in the processes of electric charge separation and photovoltage generation is given. Evidence is shown that the theoretically maximum attainable photovoltage in a DSSC is in one direction limited by the equilibrium redox potential in the dark, and in the other direction by the (light intensity dependent) bottom of the TiO2 conduction band.
Applications of Geometric Algorithms to Reduce Interference in Wireless Mesh Network (2010)

In wireless mesh networks such as WLAN (IEEE 802.11s) or WMAN (IEEE 802.11), each node should help to relay packets of neighboring nodes toward gateway using multi-hop routing mechanisms. Wireless mesh networks usually intensively deploy mesh nodes to deal with the problem of dead spot communication. However, the higher density of nodes deployed, the higher radio interference occurred. This causes significant degradation of system performance. In this paper, we first convert network problems into geometry problems in graph theory, and then solve the interference problem by geometric algorithms. We first define line intersection in a graph to reflect radio interference problem in a wireless mesh network. We then use plan sweep algorithm to find intersection lines, if any; employ Voronoi diagram algorithm to delimit the regions among nodes; use Delaunay Triangulation algorithm to reconstruct the graph in order to minimize the interference among nodes. Finally, we use standard deviation to prune off those longer links (higher interference links) to have a further enhancement. The proposed hybrid solution is proved to be able to significantly reduce interference in a wireless mesh network in O(n log n) time complexity.
RECOMBINANT TOXINS AS NOVEL THERAPEUTIC AGENTS (1992)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Neurocontrol and fuzzy logic: Connections and designs (1991)

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) and fuzzy logic are complementary technologies. ANNs extract information from systems to be learned or controlled, while fuzzy techniques mainly use verbal information from experts. Ideally, both sources of information should be combined. For example, one can learn rules in a hybrid fashion, and then calibrate them for better whole-system performance. ANNs offer universal approximation theorems, pedagogical advantages, very high-throughput hardware, and links to neurophysiology. Neurocontrol - the use of ANNs to directly control motors or actuators, etc. - uses five generalized designs, related to control theory, which can work on fuzzy logic systems as well as ANNs. These designs can copy what experts do instead of what they say, learn to track trajectories, generalize adaptive control, and maximize performance or minimize cost over time, even in noisy environments. Design tradeoffs and future directions are discussed throughout.
Lipoproteins inhibit the secretion of tissue plasminogen activator from human endothelial cells. (1994)

We studied the effect of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) on tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) secretion from human endothelial cells. At 1 mumol/L, Lp(a) inhibited constitutive TPA secretion by 50% and phorbol myristate acetate- and histamine-enhanced TPA secretion by 40%. LDL and HDL also depressed TPA secretion by 45% and 35% (constitutive) and 40% to 60% (stimulated). TPA mRNA levels were also examined and found to change in parallel with antigen secretion. In contrast to TPA, plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 secretion and mRNA levels were not affected by any of the three lipoproteins. These results suggest that the interaction of lipoproteins with certain cell-surface binding sites may interfere with the proper production and/or secretion of TPA.
Carbolines. Part VII. Anisidines, convenient tools to synthesize hydroxy‐β‐carbolines (1995)

Abstract The paper describes a convenient synthesis of hydroxy‐β‐carbolines from commercial anisidines based on key steps such as metalation, cross‐coupling and cyclization. The first total synthesis of a major cyto‐toxic constituent of a marine bryozoan is also reported, the 8‐hydroxy‐1‐vinyl‐β‐carboline.
Engineering Yarrowia lipolytica to Produce Glycoproteins Homogeneously Modified with the Universal Man3GlcNAc2 N-Glycan Core (2012)

Yarrowia lipolytica is a dimorphic yeast that efficiently secretes various heterologous proteins and is classified as "generally recognized as safe." Therefore, it is an attractive protein production host. However, yeasts modify glycoproteins with non-human high mannose-type N-glycans. These structures reduce the protein half-life in vivo and can be immunogenic in man. Here, we describe how we genetically engineered N-glycan biosynthesis in Yarrowia lipolytica so that it produces Man(3)GlcNAc(2) structures on its glycoproteins. We obtained unprecedented levels of homogeneity of this glycanstructure. This is the ideal starting point for building human-like sugars. Disruption of the ALG3 gene resulted in modification of proteins mainly with Man(5)GlcNAc(2) and GlcMan(5)GlcNAc(2) glycans, and to a lesser extent with Glc(2)Man(5)GlcNAc(2) glycans. To avoid underoccupancy of glycosylation sites, we concomitantly overexpressed ALG6. We also explored several approaches to remove the terminal glucose residues, which hamper further humanization of N-glycosylation; overexpression of the heterodimeric Apergillus niger glucosidase II proved to be the most effective approach. Finally, we overexpressed an α-1,2-mannosidase to obtain Man(3)GlcNAc(2) structures, which are substrates for the synthesis of complex-type glycans. The final Yarrowia lipolytica strain produces proteins glycosylated with the trimannosyl core N-glycan (Man(3)GlcNAc(2)), which is the common core of all complex-type N-glycans. All these glycans can be constructed on the obtained trimannosyl N-glycan using either in vivo or in vitro modification with the appropriate glycosyltransferases. The results demonstrate the high potential of Yarrowia lipolytica to be developed as an efficient expression system for the production of glycoproteins with humanized glycans.
Endoscopically Guided Cultures in Chronic Sinusitis (1998)

In chronic sinusitis, culture-directed antibiotics are often recommended as a cornerstone of treatment. The significance of Gram-negative rods (GNRs), coagulase-negative Staphylococci (SCN), and Staphylococcus aureus has been controversial. In an effort to determine host factors which correlate with culture results, 507 endoscopically-guided cultures are reviewed from 265 patients. A history of asthma, allergic rhinitis, prior sinus surgery, and the concurrent use of antibiotics, steroids, and irrigations were some of the host factors compared by X2. The results were compared to a control group of 50 cultures from healthy volunteers. SCN, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and Streptococcus were the most common isolates. GNRs were present in 27% of cultures and were more common in patients who had prior sinus surgery or were using irrigations. P. aeruginosa was more common in patients taking systemic steroids. SCN occurred with the same incidence in patients and control subjects but was more prevalent in cultures obtained intraoperatively and in patients taking systemic steroids. No identifiable host factor was associated with S. aureus. S. aureus occurred at similar rates in patients and control subjects but grew heavily in patients and exhibited only light growth in controls. Topical nasal steroids appear to have no statistically significant effect on bacterial cultures. Findings from this study further our understanding of chronic sinusitis and may help guide practitioners in the treatment of this disease.
Fluorescent porous silicon biological probes with high quantum efficiency and stability (2014)

We demonstrate porous silicon biological probes as a stable and non-toxic alternative to organic dyes or cadmium-containing quantum dots for imaging and sensing applications. The fluorescent silicon quantum dots which are embedded on the porous silicon surface are passivated with carboxyl-terminated ligands through stable Si-C covalent bonds. The porous silicon bio-probes have shown photoluminescence quantum yield around 50% under near-UV excitation, with high photochemical and thermal stability. The bio-probes can be efficiently conjugated with antibodies, which is confirmed by a standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.
Phylogeny of the Major Head and Tail Genes of the Wide-Ranging T4-Type Bacteriophages (2001)

We examined a number of bacteriophages with T4-type morphology that propagate in different genera of enterobacteria, Aeromonas, Burkholderia, and Vibrio. Most of these phages had a prolate icosahedral head, a contractile tail, and a genome size that was similar to that of T4. A few of them had more elongated heads and larger genomes. All these phages are phylogenetically related, since they each had sequences homologous to the capsid gene (gene 23), tail sheath gene (gene 18), and tail tube gene (gene 19) of T4. On the basis of the sequence comparison of their virion genes, the T4-type phages can be classified into three subgroups with increasing divergence from T4: the T-evens, pseudoT-evens, and schizoT-evens. In general, the phages that infect closely related host species have virion genes that are phylogenetically closer to each other than those of phages that infect distantly related hosts. However, some of the phages appear to be chimeras, indicating that, at least occasionally, some genetic shuffling has occurred between the different T4-type subgroups. The compilation of a number of gene 23 sequences reveals a pattern of conserved motifs separated by sequences that differ in the T4-type subgroups. Such variable patches in the gene 23 sequences may determine the size of the virion head and consequently the viral genome length. This sequence analysis provides molecular evidence that phages related to T4 are widespread in the biosphere and diverged from a common ancestor in acquiring the ability to infect different host bacteria and to occupy new ecological niches.
Slotted Aloha as a stochastic game with partial information (2003)

International audience
Cardiac Three-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Fluoroscopy Merging (2005)

This new approach allows activation visualization in a highly detailed 3D anatomic environment without the need for a specialized nonfluoroscopic mapping system.
Altered neuronal gene expression in brain regions differentially affected by Alzheimer's disease: a reference data set (2008)

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most widespread form of dementia during the later stages of life. If improved therapeutics are not developed, the prevalence of AD will drastically increase in the coming years as the world's population ages. By identifying differences in neuronal gene expression profiles between healthy elderly persons and individuals diagnosed with AD, we may be able to better understand the molecular mechanisms that drive AD pathogenesis, including the formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. In this study, we expression profiled histopathologically normal cortical neurons collected with laser capture microdissection (LCM) from six anatomically and functionally discrete postmortem brain regions in 34 AD-afflicted individuals, using Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 microarrays. These regions include the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, middle temporal gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex, superior frontal gyrus, and primary visual cortex. This study is predicated on previous parallel research on the postmortem brains of the same six regions in 14 healthy elderly individuals, for which LCM neurons were similarly processed for expression analysis. We identified significant regional differential expression in AD brains compared with control brains including expression changes of genes previously implicated in AD pathogenesis, particularly with regard to tangle and plaque formation. Pinpointing the expression of factors that may play a role in AD pathogenesis provides a foundation for future identification of new targets for improved AD therapeutics. We provide this carefully phenotyped, laser capture microdissected intraindividual brain region expression data set to the community as a public resource.
A simulation based study of TLB performance (1992)

This paper presents the results of a simulation-based study of various translation lookaside buffer (TLB) architectures, in the context of a modern VLSI RISC processor. The simulators used address traces, generated by instrumented versions of the SPEC marks and several other programs running on a DECstation 5000. The performance of two-level TLBs and fully-associative TLBs were investigated. The amount of memory mapped was found to be the dominant factor in TLB performance. Small first-level FIFO instruction TLBs can be effective in two level TLB configurations. For some applications, the cyles-per-instruction (CPI) loss due to TLB misses can be reduced from as much as 5CPI to negligible levels with typical TLB parameters through the use of variable-sized pages.
Shared and Unique Environmental Factors Determine The Ecology of Methanogens in Humans and Rats (2000)

These results are consistent with shared and unique environmental factors being the main determinants of the ecology of this colonic microbe.
Simulation of the Optical Absorption Spectra of Gold Nanorods as a Function of Their Aspect Ratio and the Effect of the Medium Dielectric Constant (1999)

Gold nanorods with different aspect ratios are prepared in micelles by the electrochemical method and their absorption spectra are modeled by theory. Experimentally, a linear relationship is found between the absorption maximum of the longitudinal plasmon resonance and the mean aspect ratio as determined from TEM. It is shown here that such a linear dependence is also predicted theoretically. However, calculations also show that the absorption maximum of the longitudinal plasmon resonance depends on the medium dielectric constant in a linear fashion for a fixed aspect ratio. Attempts to fit the calculations to the experimental values indicate that the medium dielectric constant has to vary with the aspect ratio in a nonlinear way. Chemically, this suggests that the structure of the micelle capping the gold nanorods is size dependent. Furthermore, comparison with the results obtained for rods of different aspect ratios made by systematic thermal decomposition of the long rods further suggests that the medium dielectric constant is also temperature dependent. This is attributed to thermal annealing of the structure of the micelles around the nanorods.
Transition from “Supercapacitor” to “Battery” Behavior in Electrochemical Energy Storage (1991)

The storage of electrochemical energy in battery, "supercapacitor," and double‐layer capacitor devices is considered. A comparison of the mechanisms and performance of such systems enables their essential features to be recognized and distinguished, and the conditions for transition between supercapacitor and "battery" behavior to be characterized. Supercapacitor systems based on two‐dimensional underpotential deposition reactions are highly reversible and their behavior arises from the pseudocapacitance associated with potential‐dependence of two‐dimensional coverage of electroactive adatoms on an electrode substrate surface. Such capacitance can be 10–100 times the double‐layer capacitance of the same electrode area. An essential fundamental difference from battery behavior arises because, in such systems, the chemical and associated electrode potentials are a continuous function of degree of charge, unlike the thermodynamic behavior of single‐phase battery reactants. Quasi‐two‐dimensional systems, such as hyperextended hydrous , also exhibit large pseudocapacitance which, in this case, is associated with a sequence of redox processes that are highly reversible. Such oxide redox systems give rise to the best supercapacitor behavior and capacitances of farads per gram can be achieved. Other examples are the conducting polymer electrodes and Li intercalate systems. These systems provide examples of the transition between battery and supercapacitor behavior arising from a range of degrees of oxidation/ reduction that arise over an appreciable range of potentials. The impedance behavior of an supercapacitor is illustrated but is far from that expected for an electrostatic capacitor.
Cell-free production of scFv fusion proteins: an efficient approach for personalized lymphoma vaccines (2006)

The unique immunoglobulin (Ig) idiotype on the surface of each B-cell lymphoma represents an ideal tumor-specific antigen for use as a therapeutic vaccine. We have used an Escherichia coli-based, cell-free protein-expression system to produce a vaccine within hours of cloning the Ig genes from a B-cell tumor. We demonstrated that a fusion protein consisting of an idiotypic single chain Fv antibody fragment (scFv) linked to a cytokine (GM-CSF) or to an immunostimulatory peptide was an effective lymphoma vaccine. These vaccines elicited humoral immune responses against the native Ig protein displayed on the surface of a tumor and protected mice against tumor challenge with efficacy equal to that of the conventional Ig produced in a mammalian cell and chemically coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin. The cell-free E coli system offers a platform for rapidly generating individualized vaccines, thereby allowing much more efficient application in the clinic.
IgG Antibodies to Double‐Stranded DNA in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Sera (1979)

Abstract Antibodies to double‐stranded deoxyribonucleic acid were studied using the kinetoplast of Crithidia luciliue. Titers were determined separately by conventional immunofluorescence and the complement fluorescent technique, and results by the two methods were compared. Complement fixing activity varied independently of antibody content in whole serum and in IgG fractions. The well established correlation of complement fixing activity of this antibody with activity of lupus nephritis appears related, therefore, to qualitative rather than solely quantitative differences. This finding has important implications for the clinical assessment of patients with lupus, and investigations on the relationship of anti‐DNA antibodies to lupus nephritis.