gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Broccoli sprouts: An exceptionally rich source of inducers of enzymes that protect against chemical carcinogens (1997)

Induction of phase 2 detoxication enzymes [e.g., glutathione transferases, epoxide hydrolase, NAD(P)H: quinone reductase, and glucuronosyltransferases] is a powerful strategy for achieving protection against carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, and other forms of toxicity of electrophiles and reactive forms of oxygen. Since consumption of large quantities of fruit and vegetables is associated with a striking reduction in the risk of developing a variety of malignancies, it is of interest that a number of edible plants contain substantial quantities of compounds that regulate mammalian enzymes of xenobiotic metabolism. Thus, edible plants belonging to the family Cruciferae and genus Brassica (e.g., broccoli and cauliflower) contain substantial quantities of isothiocyanates (mostly in the form of their glucosinolate precursors) some of which (e.g., sulforaphane or 4-methylsulfinylbutyl isothiocyanate) are very potent inducers of phase 2 enzymes. Unexpectedly, 3-day-old sprouts of cultivars of certain crucifers including broccoli and cauliflower contain 10-100 times higher levels of glucoraphanin (the glucosinolate of sulforaphane) than do the corresponding mature plants. Glucosinolates and isothiocyanates can be efficiently extracted from plants, without hydrolysis of glucosinolates by myrosinase, by homogenization in a mixture of equal volumes of dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, and acetonitrile at -50 degrees C. Extracts of 3-day-old broccoli sprouts (containing either glucoraphanin or sulforaphane as the principal enzyme inducer) were highly effective in reducing the incidence, multiplicity, and rate of development of mammary tumors in dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-treated rats. Notably, sprouts of many broccoli cultivars contain negligible quantities of indole glucosinolates, which predominate in the mature vegetable and may give rise to degradation products (e.g., indole-3-carbinol) that can enhance tumorigenesis. Hence, small quantities of crucifer sprouts may protect against the risk of cancer as effectively as much larger quantities of mature vegetables of the same variety.
Macroporous Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2: A High‐Power and High‐Energy Cathode for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries (2006)

Macroporous Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2 is prepared by a simple synthesis procedure. The material has excellent electrochemical performance as a high-energy, high-power intercalation electrode (see figure) for rechargeable lithium batteries. The results illustrate the important role of morphology in determining the performance of lithium-ion cathodes.
Low-Grade Lymphoma (2004)

Folicular lymphoma (FL), the second most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, shows considerable heterogeneity in its clinical behavior, representative of a biology that appears increasingly complex and diverse. As our knowledge of the molecular basis of FL increases, we strive for an integration between the bench and clinic that yields treatments based on our scientific understanding and biomarkers that allow us to prescribe treatment rationally. In Section I, Dr. Randy Gascoyne describes the histologic, cytogenetic and biologic features of FL that underlie its clinical variability. Key aspects of the pathologic diagnosis of FL that have particular relevance to the clinician are highlighted. A proposed model for follicular lymphomagenesis and diffuse large B cell lymphoma transformation has emerged and continues to evolve as the molecular story unfolds. A biologic basis for clinical outcome in FL also appears to be forthcoming. In Section II, Dr. Jane Winter addresses the complex process of selecting among the many treatment options for patients with FL. Previously a simple matter of deciding between oral or intravenous alkylators, clinicians and patients must now struggle to choose among vastly different approaches ranging from "watch and wait" to stem cell transplantation. The introduction of rituximab and radioimmunoconjugates is changing the treatment paradigm, but the optimal approach to integrating these and other new agents remains to be determined. At every decision point, the best approach is always a clinical trial. In Section III, Dr. Koen Van Besien provides a well-documented update on outcomes associated with autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation for FL. The results of trials of autologous stem cell transplantation in first remission and recent data supporting a role for graft purging are discussed. Based on the premise that a graft-versus-lymphoma effect is operative in FL, reduced-intensity allogeneic transplantation is the preferred approach in many cases, and recently reported results are summarized. Criteria for patient selection and the optimal role of transplantation in the overall therapeutic plan for the patient with FL are presented.
Innovative diffractive eyepiece for a helmet-mounted display (1998)

A glass-plastic hybrid optical system was designed and built for a direct view helmet-mounted display. This eyepiece incorporates a glass element, two aspheric plastic elements, and an imbedded diffractive surface to achieve high optical performance while reducing cost and weight. The 30 degree FOV design outperforms a previous all-glass design. The resolution requirement is driven by a 24-micron pixel Active Matrix Electroluminescent (AMEL) image source. Several design forms were considered, and the final design was chosen to facilitate manufacturing. Proof of principle units were fabricated using diamond-turned PMMA lenses. Test data are included which compare the diamond-turned and injection molded lenses. Fabrication and alignment tolerances, metrology and manufacturing issues are discussed, and both predicted and measured performance data are presented.
Direct Count of Bacteria Using Fluorescent Dyes: Application to Assessment of Electrochemical Disinfection (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect Count of Bacteria Using Fluorescent Dyes: Application to Assessment of Electrochemical DisinfectionTadashi. Matsunaga, Mina. Okochi, and Satoshi. NakasonoCite this: Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 24, 4487–4490Publication Date (Print):December 15, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00120a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00120a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views776Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A seamless lawful interception architecture for mobile users in IEEE 802.16e networks (2009)

Lawful interception (LI) involves legally accessing private communication such as telephone calls or email messages. Numerous countries have been drafting and enacting laws concerning the LI procedures. With the proliferation of portable Internet services such as the IEEE 802.16e wireless mobile networks, surveillance over illegal users is an emerging technical issue in LI. The ever-migrating users and their changing IP's make it harder to provide support for seamless LI procedures on 802.16e networks. Few studies, however, on seamless LI support have been conducted on the 802.16e mobile networks environments. Proposed in this paper are a seamless LI architecture and algorithms for the 802.16e networks. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed architecture improves recall rates in intercepting mobile user, when compared to the existing LI architectures.
Second Generation Synthetic Fluids in the North Sea: Are They Better? (1996)

Abstract At the beginning of the 1990's, three synthetic type materials were introduced – esters, ethers and polyalphaolefins. Now after heading towards the last half of this decade, a new generation of synthetics are gaining popularity – linear alpha olefins and isomerised olefins. Another base fluid, linear paraffin, which can be considered pseudo-oil rather than synthetic, is also making an impact. Each of these materials have similarities as well as differences both as base fluids and drilling muds. North Sea applications of synthetic-based muds highlight the major aspects which not only delineate the first generation of fluids from the second but also the various fluids themselves. Each area – the United Kingdom, Norway, and the Netherlands – not only have different marketplaces, but also different emphasis on the many facets of environmental as well as health and safety concerns. This variance from country to country provided the impetus for the introduction of these various fluids. This paper provides an overview of these second generation fluids and deals with their technical, environmental, and economical status as it relates to the North Sea drilling area. It will also discuss these second generation fluids in light of their predecessors and emphasise the differences. Details will be provided into the chemistry of these second generation fluids and actual field data will be provided to illustrate their effectiveness.
Lack of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Induces Impaired Proliferation of Hepatitis B Virus-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (2003)

Recent studies have shown that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) plays critical roles in not only viral clearance but also lymphoid tissue development and stem cell differentiation. In this study, we attempted to induce hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) by immunization of TNF-alpha knockout (TNF-alpha(-/-)) mice with HBsAg-encoding plasmid DNA. An immunization with the HBV plasmid failed to induce CTL responses in TNF-alpha(-/-) mice, although CTLs were readily induced in wild-type mice by the same protocol. Weak CTL responses were produced in TNF-alpha(-/-) mice after two sessions of immunization with the HBV plasmid; however, TNF-alpha was required to maintain the responses of these CTL lines to in vitro stimulation and, even then, the responses were lost after 3 weeks. Interestingly, a limiting dilution of a CTL line showed that HBV-specific CTL clones with high specific cytotoxicity were present in TNF-alpha(-/-) mice, but these clones again failed to proliferate for more than 3 weeks. Furthermore, since exogenously added TNF-alpha enhanced the proliferation of a TNF-alpha(-/-) clone but suppressed that of a TNF-alpha(+/+) clone in vitro, TNF-alpha also has a direct effect on the proliferation of CTLs. In conclusion, TNF-alpha is essential rather than important for the proliferation of HBV-specific CTLs both in vivo and in vitro and this effect is not only due to the activation of dendritic cells but is also induced by the direct effect on CTLs.
An Agonist Human ICOS Monoclonal Antibody that Induces T Cell Activation and Inhibits Proliferation of a Myeloma Cell Line (2004)

The inducible costimulator (ICOS), the third member of the CD28/CD152 receptor family, is an important costimulatory molecule during the immune response. In this study, a functional anti-human ICOS MAb 2C7 was obtained. The specificity of this MAb was verified by flow cytometry, Western blotting, and competition with anti-ICOS MAb ISA3. This MAb could well recognize ICOS molecule expressed on activated T cells and induce the activation as well as proliferation of T cells prestimulated by anti-human CD3 MAb. Furthermore, we found that MAb 2C7 could induce the growth arrest of XG2 cells, a human multiple myeloma cell line, which abnormally expressed ICOS molecule, and led to its apoptosis after 48 h of treatment. This functional anti-human ICOS MAb provides a valuable tool for further study of biological functions as well as signal transduction of ICOS/GL50.
Total Substitution of Bromodeoxyuridine for Thymidine in the DNA of a Bromodeoxyuridine-Dependent Cell Line (1974)

In an attempt to isolate cells that could survive with total replacement of thymidine by bromodeoxyuridine in nuclear DNA, cells of a bromodeoxyuridine-dependent Syrian hamster line were cultured in medium containing aminopterin and bromodeoxyuridine but no thymidine. A line of cells, called HAB, was isolated. The HAB cells have been maintained in continuous cultivation for over nine months and have undergone more than 125 population doublings. Direct base analysis showed that the level of substitution of bromodeoxyuridine for thymidine in nuclear DNA was at least 99.8%, and possibly 100%. The existence of such cells raises many questions. The expected high frequency of bromodeoxyuridine-induced base transitions, including errors in both replication and transcription, would seem to be incompatible with the apparently stable transmission and expression of the genetic information in these cells.
Transplantation of autologously derived mitochondria protects the heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury (2013)

Mitochondrial damage and dysfunction occur during ischemia and modulate cardiac function and cell survival significantly during reperfusion. We hypothesized that transplantation of autologously derived mitochondria immediately prior to reperfusion would ameliorate these effects. New Zealand White rabbits were used for regional ischemia (RI), which was achieved by temporarily snaring the left anterior descending artery for 30 min. Following 29 min of RI, autologously derived mitochondria (RI-mitochondria; 9.7 ± 1.7 × 10(6)/ml) or vehicle alone (RI-vehicle) were injected directly into the RI zone, and the hearts were allowed to recover for 4 wk. Mitochondrial transplantation decreased (P < 0.05) creatine kinase MB, cardiac troponin-I, and apoptosis significantly in the RI zone. Infarct size following 4 wk of recovery was decreased significantly in RI-mitochondria (7.9 ± 2.9%) compared with RI-vehicle (34.2 ± 3.3%, P < 0.05). Serial echocardiograms showed that RI-mitochondria hearts returned to normal contraction within 10 min after reperfusion was started; however, RI-vehicle hearts showed persistent hypokinesia in the RI zone at 4 wk of recovery. Electrocardiogram and optical mapping studies showed that no arrhythmia was associated with autologously derived mitochondrial transplantation. In vivo and in vitro studies show that the transplanted mitochondria are evident in the interstitial spaces and are internalized by cardiomyocytes 2-8 h after transplantation. The transplanted mitochondria enhanced oxygen consumption, high-energy phosphate synthesis, and the induction of cytokine mediators and proteomic pathways that are important in preserving myocardial energetics, cell viability, and enhanced post-infarct cardiac function. Transplantation of autologously derived mitochondria provides a novel technique to protect the heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Dynamical Wall Following for a Wheeled Robot Using a Passive Tactile Sensor (2006)

Feedback from antennae - long, flexible tactile sensors - enables cockroaches and other arthropods to rapidly maneuver through poorly lit and cluttered environments. Inspired by their performance, we created a wall-following controller for a dynamic wheeled robot using tactile antenna feedback. We show this controller is stable for a wide range of control gains and robot system parameters. To test the controller, we constructed a two-link antenna that uses potentiometers and capacitive contact sensors. Experiments based on the prototype demonstrate that our controller robustly tracks unexpected corners ranging from -60° to +900.
Generation of CMV-specific T lymphocytes using protein-spanning pools of pp65-derived overlapping pentadecapeptides for adoptive immunotherapy (2004)

Cell-mediated immunity is essential for control of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. We used a pool of 138 synthetic overlapping pentadecapeptides overspanning the entire pp65 protein to generate polyclonal CMV-specific T-cell lines from 12 CMV-seropositive donors inheriting different HLA genotypes. Autologous monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with this complete pool consistently induced highly specific T cells that selectively recognized 1-3 pentadecapeptides identified by secondary responses to a mapping grid of pentadecapeptide subpools with single overlaps. Responses against peptide-loaded targets sharing single HLA class I or II alleles identified the restricting HLA alleles. HLA-A*0201+ donors consistently responded to pentadecapeptides containing HLA-A*0201-binding epitope(aa495-503)NLVPMVATV. T-cell lines from other donors contained high frequencies of CD4 and/or CD8 T cells selectively reactive against peptides presented by other HLA alleles, including both known epitopes such as (aa341-350)QYDPVAALF (HLA-A*2402) as well as unreported epitopes such as (aa267-275)HERNGFTVL (HLA-B*4001 and B*4002) and (aa513-523)FFWDANDIYRI (HLA-DRB1*1301). These T cells consistently lysed CMV-infected target cells. Thus, this approach fosters expansion and selection of HLA-restricted CMV-pp65-reactive T-cell lines of high specificity that also lyse CMV-infected targets, and from a functional and regulatory perspective, may have advantages for generating virus-specific T cells for adoptive immunotherapy.
Clinical Evaluation of a Raman Scattering Multiple Gas Analyzer for the Operating Room (1989)

A Raman spectrometer multiple gas analyzer was used to monitor inspired and expired concentrations of oxygen (O2), nitrogen (N2), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), halothane, and isoflurane in 10 patients. The Raman spectrometer and a dedicated mass spectrometer were connected to each patient to provide a comparison of the two instruments. Results show that readings from the Raman spectrometer are within 0.62 vol% of known gas standards for O2, N2, N2O; within 0.03 vol% for CO2; and within 0.04 vol% for halothane, enflurane and isoflurane. Clinical results show that Raman spectrometer readings are within 1.36 vol% of the mass spectrometer readings for O2, N2, N2O; within 0.01 vol% for CO2; and within 0.22 vol% for halothane and isoflurane. The clinical and laboratory results indicate the Raman spectrometer monitors airway gases and vapors as accurately as a dedicated mass spectrometer.
Selective Inhibition of Prostaglandin E2 Receptors EP2 and EP4 Inhibits Growth of Experimental Endometriosis in Nude Mice Evaluated by Real-time Noninvasive Imaging and Fluorescence Microscopy. (2012)

Endometriosis is a highly prevalent estrogen-dependent gynecological inflammatory disease of reproductive-age women characterized by the presence of functional endometrial cells outside the uterus commonly leading to inflammation, pain and infertility. Current anti-estrogen therapies can only be prescribed for a short time and result in undesirable side effects. Therefore, identification of novel signaling pathways that inhibit growth and function of endometriotic cells are needed not only to understand the pathogenesis of endometriosis but also to develop molecular-targeted therapies. The objectives of this study were to (1) develop a new in vivo model for real-time imaging and fluorescence guided assessment of endometriosis and (2) determine the effects of inhibition of PGE2 receptors EP2 and EP4 on the growth of endometriosis. Cell lines derived from endometriosis, epithelial cells (12Z) and stromal cells (22B) were transduced with green fluorescence protein (GFP) or red fluorescence protein (RFP) by lentiviral vectors, respectively. These stable 12Z-GFP and/or 22B-RFP cells were xenografted into the peritoneal cavity of bilaterally overectomized and estroginized nude mice on Day 1. Beginning on Day 14, mice were treated with different doses of EP2 and EP4 inhibitors for 2 weeks. The growth of 12Z-GFP and 22B-RFP cells were measured real-time using a NightOWL in vivo imager from Days 1-28 at weekly intervals. On day 28, the mice were euthanized. Xenograft of mixed populations of 12Z-GFP and 22B-RFP cells into the peritoneal cavity of nude mice established peritoneal endometriosis. A linear increase of 12Z-GFP or 22B-RFP cells was detected with the in vivo imager. Using a fluorescence stereo microscope, ~18-20 lesions per mice were detectable whereas gross examination or stereo microscopy revealed ~5-7 lesions per mice in the peritoneal cavity. Whole animal imaging and fluorescence stereo microscopy analyses indicated that selective inhibition of EP2 and EP4 decreased growth of endometriosis in a dose-dependent manner. Immunohistochemistry analysis indicated that inhibition of EP2 and EP4 decreased expression of p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT proteins in 12ZGFP and 22B-RFP cells. Histomorphology analysis indicated that xenograft of 12Z-GFP or 22B-RFP cells alone did not form endometrial glands. In contrast, combination of 12Z-GFP and 22B-RFP cells resulted in the formation of endometrial glands at ectopic sites. Results of the present study indicate that xenograft of 12Z-GFP and 22B-RFP cells into nude mice constitute a valuable model for functional genomics and experimental therapeutics to understand molecular pathogenesis of endometriosis. Selective inhibition of EP2 and EP4 receptors inhibited growth of endometriosis by suppressing ERK1/2 and AKT pathways and thus could emerge as potential nonsteroidal therapy for endometriosis. Supported by NIH/NICHD grants 1R21HD065138-01A1 and 1R21HD066248-01A1 to JAA.