gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polarized Expression of Monocarboxylate Transporters in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium and ARPE-19 Cells (2003)

These studies demonstrate for the first time that human RPE expresses two proton-coupled monocarboxylate transporters: MCT1 in the apical membrane and MCT3 in the basolateral membrane. The coordinated activities of these two transporters could facilitate the flux of lactate from the retina to the choroid. ARPE-19 cells express two MCT isoforms, polarized to different membrane domains: MCT1 to the apical membrane and MCT4 to the basolateral membrane. The polarized expression of MCTs in ARPE-19 demonstrates that these cells retain the cellular machinery necessary for transepithelial transport of lactate.
Reducción y reordenación del tiempo de trabajo? La percepción de los trabajadores sobre las estrategias de los empresarios y trabajadores (2001)

En este articulo se presentan parte de los resultados de una investigacion realizada sobre las posibilidades existentes en la actualidad para la homogeneizacion de estrategias entre y desde los asalariados respecto a la reduccion del tiempo de trabajo, viendo el alcance de las percepciones que tienen los representantes sindicales de los trabajadores. En concreto, las percepciones en torno a las estrategias empresariales y de los trabajadores.
Enhanced passive Ca2+ reabsorption and reduced Mg2+ channel abundance explains thiazide-induced hypocalciuria and hypomagnesemia (2005)

Thiazide diuretics enhance renal Na+ excretion by blocking the Na+-Cl- cotransporter (NCC), and mutations in NCC result in Gitelman syndrome. The mechanisms underlying the accompanying hypocalciuria and hypomagnesemia remain debated. Here, we show that enhanced passive Ca2+ transport in the proximal tubule rather than active Ca2+ transport in distal convolution explains thiazide-induced hypocalciuria. First, micropuncture experiments in mice demonstrated increased reabsorption of Na+ and Ca2+ in the proximal tubule during chronic hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) treatment, whereas Ca2+ reabsorption in distal convolution appeared unaffected. Second, HCTZ administration still induced hypocalciuria in transient receptor potential channel subfamily V, member 5-knockout (Trpv5-knockout) mice, in which active distal Ca2+ reabsorption is abolished due to inactivation of the epithelial Ca2+ channel Trpv5. Third, HCTZ upregulated the Na+/H+ exchanger, responsible for the majority of Na+ and, consequently, Ca2+ reabsorption in the proximal tubule, while the expression of proteins involved in active Ca2+ transport was unaltered. Fourth, experiments addressing the time-dependent effect of a single dose of HCTZ showed that the development of hypocalciuria parallels a compensatory increase in Na+ reabsorption secondary to an initial natriuresis. Hypomagnesemia developed during chronic HCTZ administration and in NCC-knockout mice, an animal model of Gitelman syndrome, accompanied by downregulation of the epithelial Mg2+ channel transient receptor potential channel subfamily M, member 6 (Trpm6). Thus, Trpm6 downregulation may represent a general mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of hypomagnesemia accompanying NCC inhibition or inactivation.
Chemokines and the Molecular Basis of Cancer Metastasis (2001)

Metastasis is the chief cause of morbidity and mortality in most cancers. Appropriately, the words “cancer” (from the Latin for “crab”) and “metastasis” (from the Greek for “change in position”) both refer to cell movement: the crab-like invasion of cancer into healthy tissue and the migration of cancer cells to sites distant from the primary tumor. Since the work of Paget more than 100 years ago, pathologists have recognized that the movement of cancer cells is not random and that different types of cancer have different destinations. To explain this specificity, the “soil and seed” theory states that different organs . . .
Structure, organization, and transcription of a cellobiohydrolase gene cluster from Phanerochaete chrysosporium (1992)

Restriction mapping and sequence analysis of cosmid clones revealed a cluster of three cellobiohydrolase genes in Phanerochaete chrysosporium. P. chrysosporium cbh1-1 and cbh1-2 are separated by only 750 bp and are located approximately 14 kb upstream from a cellulase gene previously cloned from P. chrysosporium (P. Sims, C. James, and P. Broda, Gene 74:411-422, 1988). Within a well-conserved region, the deduced amino acid sequences of P. chrysosporium cbh1-1 and cbh1-2 are, respectively, 80 and 69% homologous to that of the Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase I gene. The conserved cellulose-binding domain typical of microbial cellulases is absent from cbh1-1. Transcript levels of the three P. chrysosporium genes varied substantially, depending on culture conditions. cbh1-1 and cbh1-2 were not induced in the presence of cellulose, nor did they appear to be subject to glucose repression. Therefore, aspects of the chromosomal organization, structure, and transcription of these genes are unlike those of any previously described cellulase genes.
Antisense targeting of perlecan blocks tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo. (1998)

Perlecan, a ubiquitous heparan sulfate proteoglycan, possesses angiogenic and growth-promoting attributes primarily by acting as a coreceptor for basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2). In this report we blocked perlecan expression by using either constitutive CMV-driven or doxycycline- inducible antisense constructs. Growth of colon carcinoma cells was markedly attenuated upon obliteration of perlecan gene expression and these effects correlated with reduced responsiveness to and affinity for mitogenic keratinocyte growth factor (FGF-7). Exogenous perlecan effectively reconstituted the activity of FGF-7 in the perlecan-deficient cells. Moreover, soluble FGF-7 specifically bound immobilized perlecan in a heparan sulfate-independent manner. In both tumor xenografts induced by human colon carcinoma cells and tumor allografts induced by highly invasive mouse melanoma cells, perlecan suppression caused substantial inhibition of tumor growth and neovascularization. Thus, perlecan is a potent inducer of tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo and therapeutic interventions targeting this key modulator of tumor progression may improve cancer treatment.
Bioinspired Energy Conversion Systems for Hydrogen Production and Storage (2008)

Abstract Recent developments in photocatalytic hydrogen production by using artificial photosynthesis systems is described, together with those in hydrogen storage through the fixation of CO 2 with H 2 . Hydrogen can be stored in the form of formic acid, which can be converted back to H 2 in the presence of an appropriate catalyst. Electron donor–acceptor dyads are utilized as efficient photocatalysts to reduce methyl viologen (MV 2+ ) by NADH (β‐nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced form) analogues to produce the methyl violgen radical cation that acts as an electron mediator for the production of hydrogen. Porphyrin‐monolayer‐protected gold clusters that enhance the light harvesting efficiency can also be used for the photocatalytic reduction of methyl viologen by NADH analogues. The use of a simple electron donor–acceptor dyad, the 9‐mesityl‐10‐methylacridinium ion (Acr + –Mes), enables the construction of a highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen‐evolution system without an electron mediator such as MV 2+ , with poly( N ‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone)‐protected platinum nanoclusters (Pt–PVP) and NADH as a hydrogen‐evolution catalyst and an electron donor, respectively. Hydrogen thus produced can be stored in the form of formic acid (liquid) by fixation of CO 2 with H 2 in water by using ruthenium aqua complexes [Ru II (η 6 ‐C 6 Me 6 )(L)(OH 2 )] 2+ [L = 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy), 4,4′‐dimethoxy‐2,2′‐bipyridine (4,4′‐OMe‐bpy)] and iridium aqua complexes [Ir III Cp*(L)(OH 2 )] 2+ (Cp* = η 5 ‐C 5 Me 5 , L = bpy, 4,4′‐OMe‐bpy) as catalysts at pH 3.0. Catalytic systems for the decomposition of HCOOH to H 2 are also described. The combination of photocatalytic hydrogen generation with the catalytic fixation of CO 2 with H 2 and the decomposition of HCOOH back to H 2 provides an excellent system for cutting CO 2 emission.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
High-Dose Immunoglobulin Therapy for Severe IgA Nephropathy and Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (1994)

Immunoglobulin therapy may be effective in treating severe IgA nephropathy and protecting renal function. However, prospective controlled trials must confirm these preliminary results.
THE EFFECT OF DIETARY FAT LOAD ON THE SIZE AND COMPOSITION OF CHYLOMICRONS IN THORACIC DUCT LYMPH (1968)

Chylomicrons of Sf 〉 400 and lipoproteins of Sf 12‐400 were separated by ultra‐centrifugation from samples of thoracic duct lymph collected from rabbits fed for 1 to 2 weeks previously on diets containing 5 per cent and 30 per cent corn oil or butter and from rats given a single intragastric dose of 0·5 ml. corn oil. The size of these particles after corn oil was determined by electron microscopy following fixation in osmium tetroxide. In rabbits on the low fat diet the mean diameter of chylomicrons was 960 Å with half the triglyceride in particles of diameter greater than 1400 Å; on the high fat diet the mean diameter was 1435 Å with half the triglyceride in particles of diameter greater than 2700 Å. In rats the mean chylomicron diameter was 1094 Å in the early phase of fat absorption with half the triglyceride in particles of diameter greater than 1320 Å. These figures increased to 2105 Å and 3600 Å respectively at the peak of fat absorption. The relationship between the chemical composition of these complexes and their actual size suggests that phospholipid is uniformly distributed on the surface, each phospholipid molecule occupying approximately 65 Å 2 . Although meaningful electron micrographs of butter chylomicrons could not be obtained, determinations of the triglyceride : phospholipid ratios indicate that, as with the corn oil‐fed animals, the chylomicrons from the rabbits fed 30 per cent butter are on the average larger than those from the animals fed 5 per cent butter.
Efficient Red-Emitting Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes Containing Lepidine-Based Ligands (2005)

Heteroleptic cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes featuring lepidine-based ligands and acetyl acetone auxiliary ligand are synthesized. Multiple lowest energy absorption bands are observed for these complexes indicating substantial mixing of the singlet and triplet levels. All the complexes emit orange or red color in dichloromethane solutions with lifetimes in the range 1.6-3.7 micros. The emission in the complexes probably originates from the (3)MLCT state. The complexes are applied as emitting guests in LED devices of the structure ITO/HTL(BPAPF or NPB)/6% Ir in CBP/BCP/Alq(3)/LiF/Al. They exhibit excellent device characteristics with an orange to red EL profile.
Thickness of Carotid Artery Atherosclerotic Plaque and Ischemic Risk (1990)

Abstract Noninvasive duplex scanning of carotid artery atherosclerotic plaque was performed in 286 consecutive patients referred to a cerebrovascular diagnostic laboratory. The presence and thickness of such plaque in the region of the carotid bifurcation were examined for association with the degree of vessel stenosis, age, sex, smoking history, history of prior transient ischemic attack or stroke, and systemic manifestations of atherosclerotic disease. Atherosclerotic plaque thickness was positively correlated with degree of vessel stenosis (P&amp;lt; 0.0001). Both parameters were independent predictors of cerebrovascular events but plaque thickness was a better predictor of prior transient ischemic attacks (P&amp;lt;0.05), and vessel stenosis was a better predictor of prior stroke (P&amp;lt;0.005). Patient age (P&amp;lt;0.001) and pack-years of cigarette use (P&amp;lt;0.001) were independent positive predictors of carotid atherosclerotic plaque thickness. The greatest effect of smoking and atherosclerotic plaque thickness was seen in heavy smokers younger than age 55. Both carotid artery plaque thickness and pack-years of smoking were significant independent predictors of other systemic manifestations of atherosclerotic disease (P&amp;lt;0.05). Such noninvasive scanning of carotid artery atherosclerotic plaque demonstrates the significant role of age and smoking in the progression of disease. It also suggests a significant role for carotid atherosclerotic artery plaque in the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular events, especially transient ischemic attacks, even prior to the production of a flow-limiting stenosis. Finally, noninvasive screening of carotid artery plaque may provide a useful marker for the patient at risk for systemic atherosclerotic disease and identify the patient for whom maximal atherosclerotic risk factor modification is needed.
Colloquium: Physical approaches to DNA sequencing and detection (2008)

With the continued improvement of sequencing technologies, the prospect of genome-based medicine is now at the forefront of scientific research. To realize this potential, however, a revolutionary sequencing method is needed for the cost-effective and rapid interrogation of individual genomes. This capability is likely to be provided by a physical approach to probing DNA at the single-nucleotide level. This is in sharp contrast to current techniques and instruments that probe (through chemical elongation, electrophoresis, and optical detection) length differences and terminating bases of strands of DNA. Several physical approaches to DNA detection have the potential to deliver fast and low-cost sequencing. Central to these approaches is the concept of nanochannels or nanopores, which allow for the spatial confinement of DNA molecules. In addition to their possible impact in medicine and biology, the methods offer ideal test beds to study open scientific issues and challenges in the relatively unexplored area at the interface between solids, liquids, and biomolecules at the nanometer length scale. This Colloquium emphasizes the physics behind these methods and ideas, critically describes their advantages and drawbacks, and discusses future research opportunities in the field.
GABAergic attenuation of cocaine‐induced dopamine release and locomotor activity (1997)

GABA modulates dopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens and corpus striatum. Using in vivo microdialysis techniques we examined this modulatory role and the extent to which three different GABAergic drugs can attenuate cocaine's ability to increase extracellular dopamine concentrations and gross locomotor activity. Ethanol, lorazepam (Ativan), and gamma-vinyl GABA (GVG) significantly and dose-dependently attenuated cocaine-induced dopamine release in the corpus striatum of freely moving animals. Unlike ethanol or lorazepam, however, GVG is not a sedative hypnotic in the doses used, and hence the strategy of selectively increasing GABAergic activity by suicide inhibition of the catabolic enzyme, GABA-transaminase, offers the unique advantage of attenuating cocainne-induced dopamine release without the apparent side effects typically associated with sedative hypnotics. Synapse 25:393–398, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Electrical Measurements of Sidewall Spacer Dimensions (1986)

A whole wafer measurement method was developed to measure submicron oxide spacer dimensions. The technique offers the capability to evaluate the glass deposition and etchback processes used to form the spacers. Lateral diffusion of implanted layers can also be measured with this method. Measured spacer-width values agree well with measurements from SEM micrographs. Results show that the precision of this technique is presently limited by electrical probing accuracy and reticle fabrication.
Characterization of inversion-layer capacitance of holes in Si MOSFET's (1999)

Inversion-layer capacitance (C/sub inv/) in p-channel Si MOSFET's is studied experimentally and theoretically with emphasis on the surface carrier concentration (N/sub s/) dependence, which is important in the quantitative description and the physical understanding. The amount of C/sub inv/ and its influence on the gate capacitance are compared between electron and hole inversion layers. It is experimentally verified that, under same physical thickness of gate oxides, the electrical gate oxide thickness, determined from the gate capacitance, is larger for inversion-layer holes than that for inversion-layer electrons, because of smaller values of C/sub inv/ for inversion-layer holes. Self-consistent Poisson-Schrodinger calculation of C/sub inv/ is performed on basis of the approximation of a constant effective mass and is compared with the experimental C/sub inv/. It is found that the calculation using the effective masses at the valence band edge can accurately represent the experimental results over a whole range of N/sub s/.
The MCK enhancer contains a p53 responsive element. (1991)

p53 is an antioncogene that is defective or absent in a large number of human tumors. Its function in normal cells is not known. We show that co-transfection of mouse p53 with muscle-specific creatine kinase-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene, containing 3.3 kilobase of upstream control sequence for the muscle-specific creatine kinase gene, results in a 10- to 80-fold activation. The p53 responsive element maps to a region distinguished from the known MyoD binding region. Identification of a p53 responsive element should allow a more focused analysis of the effects of p53 in controlling gene activity.
15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase Is Down-regulated in Colorectal Cancer (2004)

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) can stimulate tumor progression by modulating several proneoplastic pathways, including proliferation, angiogenesis, cell migration, invasion, and apoptosis. Although steady-state tissue levels of PGE2 stem from relative rates of biosynthesis and breakdown, most reports examining PGE2 have focused solely on the cyclooxygenase-dependent formation of this bioactive lipid. Enzymatic degradation of PGE2 involves the NAD+-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH). The present study examined a range of normal tissues in the human and mouse and found high levels of 15-PGDH in the large intestine. By contrast, the expression of 15-PGDH is decreased in several colorectal carcinoma cell lines and in other human malignancies such as breast and lung carcinomas. Consistent with these findings, we observe diminished 15-Pgdh expression in ApcMin+/- mouse adenomas. Enzymatic activity of 15-PGDH correlates with expression levels and the genetic disruption of 15-Pgdh completely blocks production of the urinary PGE2 metabolite. Finally, 15-PGDH expression and activity are significantly down-regulated in human colorectal carcinomas relative to matched normal tissue. In summary, these results suggest a novel tumor suppressive role for 15-PGDH due to loss of expression during colorectal tumor progression.
Reversible Photochromism of a Crystalline Dithienylethene Copper(I) Polymer (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTReversible Photochromism of a Crystalline Dithienylethene Copper(I) PolymerMegumu Munakata, Liang Ping Wu, Takayoshi Kuroda-Sowa, Masahiko Maekawa, Yusaku Suenaga, and Koji FuruichiView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Kinki University, Kowakae Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 13, 3305–3306Publication Date (Web):April 3, 1996Publication History Received20 December 1995Published online3 April 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://doi.org/10.1021/ja954266vCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views639Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (135 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Crystals,Irradiation,Light,Metals,Thiophenes Get e-Alerts
Chemoenzymic Approaches to the Preparation of 5-C-(Hydroxymethyl)hexoses (1997)

Synthesis of 5-C-(hydroxymethyl)hexoses, carbohydrates resistant to metabolism, is described. These compounds are obtained in the reaction of hexose 6-aldehydes with formaldehyde. 5-C-(Hydroxymethyl)-L-arabino-hexopyranoses can be efficiently obtained from D-galactosides by a two-step chemoenzymic synthesis using galactose oxidase for the preparation of required hexose 6-aldehydes. This method is an example of carbohydrate synthesis without use of protecting groups. Other 5-C-(hydroxymethyl)hexoses are prepared by a typical chemical methodology requiring specific protection of the hexose hydroxyl groups.
Two PDZ Domain Proteins Encoded by the Murine Periaxin Gene Are the Result of Alternative Intron Retention and Are Differentially Targeted in Schwann Cells (1998)

Periaxin was first described as a 147-kDa protein that was suggested to have a potential role in the initiation of myelin deposition in peripheral nerves based upon its abundance, cell type specificity, pattern of developmental expression, and localization (Gillespie, C. S., Sherman, D. L., Blair, G. E., and Brophy. P. J. (1994) Neuron 12, 497-508). Here we show that the murine periaxin gene spans 20.6 kilobases and encodes two mRNAs of 4.6 and 5.2 kilobases that encode two periaxin isoforms, L-periaxin and S-periaxin of 147 and 16 kDa respectively. The larger mRNA is produced by a retained intron mechanism that introduces a stop codon and results in a truncated protein with an intron-encoded C terminus of 21 amino acids. Both proteins possess a PDZ domain at the N terminus; nevertheless, they are targeted differently in Schwann cells. Like other proteins that contain PDZ domains, L-periaxin is localized to the plasma membrane of myelinating Schwann cells: in contrast, S-periaxin is expressed diffusely in the cytoplasm. This suggests that proteins that contain this protein-binding module may also participate in protein-protein interactions at sites other than the cell cortex.
Perturbation of the cathode fall in direct-current glow discharges by particulate contamination (1991)

Particulate (or ‘‘dust’’) contamination of plasma materials processing discharges is known to reduce yields of the product and to perturb electron transport. Dust preferentially accumulates near the cathode sheath-plasma boundary where energetic electrons accelerated in the cathode fall emanate into the negative glow. In this letter, we theoretically investigate the penetration of the electron flux generated in dc cathode falls through the particulate ‘‘barriers’’ formed by dust contamination. We find that at constant current densities, the plasma responds to the reduction in ionization rate coefficients caused by the particulates by increasing the electric field in the cathode fall. In doing so, the cathode fall voltage increases and cathode fall thickness decreases.