gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulating dysfunctional limbic-cortical circuits in depression: towards development of brain-based algorithms for diagnosis and optimised treatment (2003)

While characterization of pathogenetic mechanisms underlying major depression is a fundamental aim of neuroscience research, an equally critical clinical goal is to identify biomarkers that might improve diagnostic accuracy and guide treatment selection for individual patients. To this end, a synthesis of functional neuroimaging studies examining regional metabolic and blood flow changes in depression is presented in the context of a testable limbic-cortical network model. 'Network' dysfunction combined with active intrinsic compensatory processes is seen to explain the heterogeneity of depressive symptoms observed clinically, as well as variations in pretreatment scan patterns described experimentally. Furthermore, the synchronized modulation of these dysfunctional limbic-cortical pathways is considered critical for illness remission, regardless of treatment modality. Testing of response-specific functional relationships among regional 'nodes' within this network using multivariate approaches is discussed, with a perspective aimed at identifying biomarkers of treatment non-response, relapse risk and disease vulnerability. Characterization of adaptive and maladaptive functional interactions among these pathways is seen as a critical step towards future development of evidenced-based algorithms that will optimize the diagnosis and treatment of individual depressed patients.
Suppression and Regression of Choroidal Neovascularization by the Multitargeted Kinase Inhibitor Pazopanib (2009)

Pazopanib may be useful for treatment of CNV in humans.
The PPP Triple-DES Encryption Protocol (3DESE) (1998)

This document provides specific details for the use of the Triple-DES
standard (3DES) for encrypting PPP encapsulated packets. [STANDARDS-
TRACK]
An insert of seven amino acids confers functional differences between smooth muscle myosins from the intestines and vasculature (1993)

The molecular mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity in contractile properties observed among smooth muscle tissues are unknown. We examined whether part of this diversity might be intrinsic to myosin by comparing structural and enzymatic properties of myosins from two physiologically diverse tissues. Using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, we compared avian intestinal smooth muscle and vascular smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (MHC) mRNA. We found that intestinal, but not vascular, MHC mRNA contains an insert of 21 nucleotides, encoding 7 amino acids, in a region near the ATP binding site in the myosin head. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of purified myosin revealed that the relative mobilities of the previously described intestinal MHC isoforms SM1 (204 kDa) and SM2 (200 kDa) were slower than the corresponding vascular SM1 and SM2 isoforms. Furthermore, antibodies raised against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the deduced amino acid sequence of the intestinal insert strongly recognized intestinal SM1 and SM2 but only weakly recognized the vascular isoforms. The presence of the insert in intestinal myosin correlated with a higher velocity of movement of actin filaments in vitro and a higher actin-activated Mg(2+)-ATPase activity, compared with vascular myosin. Other than the MHC insert, one other structural difference distinguished intestinal and vascular myosins: two isoforms of the 17-kDa myosin light chain were found in vascular myosin, whereas a single isoform was found in intestinal myosin. Exchange of the intestinal myosin light chains onto the vascular MHC did not alter its activity in the in vitro motility assay, suggesting that the 7-amino acid MHC insert is responsible for the different enzymatic activities of vascular and intestinal myosins.
Facile collection of two-dimensional electronic spectra using femtosecond pulse-shaping Technology (2007)

This letter reports a straightforward means of collecting two-dimensional electronic (2D-E) spectra using optical tools common to many research groups involved in ultrafast spectroscopy and quantum control. In our method a femtosecond pulse shaper is used to generate a pair of phase stable collinear laser pulses which are then incident on a gas or liquid sample. The pulse pair is followed by an ultrashort probe pulse that is spectrally resolved. The delay between the collinear pulses is incremented using phase and amplitude shaping and a 2D-E spectrum is generated following Fourier transformation. The partially collinear beam geometry results in perfectly phased absorptive spectra without phase twist. Our approach is much simpler to implement than standard non-collinear beam geometries, which are challenging to phase stabilize and require complicated calibrations. Using pulse shaping, many new experiments are now also possible in both 2D-E spectroscopy and coherent control.
Changing the mindset in seismic data acquisition (2008)

Seismic acquisition surveys are designed such that the time intervals between shots are sufficiently large to avoid the tail of the previous source response interfering with the next one (zero overlap in time). To economize on survey time and processing effort, the current compromise is to keep the number of shots to some acceptable minimum. The result is that in current practice the source domain is poorly sampled.
The Chemokine SDF-1/CXCL12 Binds to and Signals through the Orphan Receptor RDC1 in T Lymphocytes (2005)

Combined phylogenetic and chromosomal location studies suggest that the orphan receptor RDC1 is related to CXC chemokine receptors. RDC1 provides a co-receptor function for a restricted number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) isolates, in particular for the CXCR4-using HIV-2 ROD strain. Here we show that CXCL12, the only known natural ligand for CXCR4, binds to and signals through RDC1. We demonstrate that RDC1 is expressed in T lymphocytes and that CXCL12-promoted chemotaxis is inhibited by an anti-RDC1 monoclonal antibody. Concomitant blockade of RDC1 and CXCR4 produced additive inhibitory effects in CXCL12-induced T cell migration. Furthermore, we provide evidence that interaction of CXCL12 with RDC1 is specific, saturable, and of high affinity (apparent KD approximately 0.4 nM). In CXCR4-negative cells expressing RDC1, CXCL12 promotes internalization of the receptor and chemotactic signals through RDC1. Collectively, our data indicate that RDC1, which we propose to rename as CXCR7, is a receptor for CXCL12.
Immunolocalization of cytokines to mast cells in normal and allergic conjunctiva (1997)

These results suggest that conjunctival mast cells can store a range of multifunctional cytokines and release IL-4 during active disease, which may give them an important role in upregulating allergic inflammation in the conjunctiva.
Possible effect of gestational age on the detection of fetal nucleated erythrocytes in maternal blood (1991)

Maternal venous blood samples, obtained from six pregnant women, were used as a source of fetal nucleated erythrocytes (NRBC). Fetal cell enrichment was potentiated by flow sorting with the monoclonal antibodies TfR, Leu-4, and Leu-M3. Single copy Y chromosomal DNA sequences were detected in samples obtained from two women at 11 and 12 weeks' gestation. Y DNA sequences were absent in a subsequent sample from one of these women at 19 weeks and in two other women at 16 and 20 weeks. All four women delivered males. Y DNA sequences were not detected in two women who delivered females. By combining these results with prior data on the detection of Y chromosomal DNA sequences in maternal blood from male-bearing pregnancies, a relationship between gestational age and feto-maternal transfer of NRBC is suggested.
A comprehensive approach to enterprise network security management (2009)

Enterprise network security management is a vitally important task, more so now than ever before. Networks grow ever larger and more complex, and corporations, universities, government agencies, etc. rely heavily on the availability of these networks. Security in enterprise networks is constantly threatened by thousands of known software vulnerabilities, with thousands more discovered annually in a wide variety of applications. An overwhelming amount of data is relevant to the ongoing protection of an enterprise network. 
Previous works have addressed the identification of vulnerabilities in a given network and the aggregated collection of these vulnerabilities in an attack graph, clearly showing how an attacker might gain access to or control over network resources. These works, however, do little to address how to evaluate or properly utilize this information. 
I have developed a comprehensive approach to enterprise network security management. Compared with previous methods, my approach realizes these issues as a uniform desire for provable mitigation of risk within an enterprise network. Attack graph simplification is used to improve user comprehension of the graph data and to enable more efficient use of the data in risk assessment. A sound and effective quantification of risk within the network produces values that can form a basis for valuation policies necessary for the application of a SAT solving technique. SAT solving resolves policy conflicts and produces an optimal reconfiguration, based on the provided values, which can be verified by a knowledgeable human user for accuracy and applicability within the context of the enterprise network. Empirical study shows the effectiveness and efficiency of these approaches, and also indicates promising directions for improvements to be explored in future works. Overall, this research comprises an important step toward a more automated security management initiative.
Isolation and characterization of powdery mildew-resistant Arabidopsis mutants (2000)

A compatible interaction between a plant and a pathogen is the result of a complex interplay between many factors of both plant and pathogen origin. Our objective was to identify host factors involved in this interaction. These factors may include susceptibility factors required for pathogen growth, factors manipulated by the pathogen to inactivate or avoid host defenses, or negative regulators of defense responses. To this end, we identified 20 recessive Arabidopsis mutants that do not support normal growth of the powdery mildew pathogen, Erysiphe cichoracearum. Complementation analyses indicated that four loci, designated powdery mildew resistant 1-4 (pmr1-4), are defined by this collection. These mutants do not constitutively accumulate elevated levels of PR1 or PDF1.2 mRNA, indicating that resistance is not simply due to constitutive activation of the salicylic acid- or ethylene- and jasmonic acid-dependent defense pathways. Further Northern blot analyses revealed that some mutants accumulate higher levels of PR1 mRNA than wild type in response to infection by powdery mildew. To test the specificity of the resistance, the pmr mutants were challenged with other pathogens including Pseudomonas syringae, Peronospora parasitica, and Erysiphe orontii. Surprisingly, one mutant, pmr1, was susceptible to E. orontii, a very closely related powdery mildew, suggesting that a very specific resistance mechanism is operating in this case. Another mutant, pmr4, was resistant to P. parasitica, indicating that this resistance is more generalized. Thus, we have identified a novel collection of mutants affecting genes required for a compatible interaction between a plant and a biotrophic pathogen.
Titelbild: Angew. Chem. 1/2003 (2003)

Die Kunst der Synthese und die Schönheit der Natur machen die Attraktivität der Naturstoffsynthese aus. Das Titelbild zeigt Wilden Jasmin in voller Blüte, aus dessen Wurzeln das giftige Alkaloid Gelsemin isoliert werden kann. Seine Formel sowie die wichtiger Intermediate von Totalsynthesen sind über das Foto gelegt. Aus den Synthesen lässt sich lernen, welche Strategien am schnellsten und/oder effizientesten zum Ziel führen. Mehr über diesen Naturstoff und seine Totalsynthesen schildern S. J. Danishefsky und H. Lin auf Seite 38 ff.
Protective roles of adenosine A1, A2A, and A3receptors in skeletal muscle ischemia and reperfusion injury (2007)

Although adenosine exerts cardio-and vasculoprotective effects, the roles and signaling mechanisms of different adenosine receptors in mediating skeletal muscle protection are not well understood. We used a mouse hindlimb ischemia-reperfusion model to delineate the function of three adenosine receptor subtypes. Adenosine A(3) receptor-selective agonist 2-chloro-N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (Cl-IBMECA; 0.07 mg/kg ip) reduced skeletal muscle injury with a significant decrease in both Evans blue dye staining (5.4 +/- 2.6%, n = 8 mice vs. vehicle-treated 28 +/- 6%, n = 7 mice, P < 0.05) and serum creatine kinase level (1,840 +/- 910 U/l, n = 13 vs. vehicle-treated 12,600 +/- 3,300 U/l, n = 14, P < 0.05), an effect that was selectively blocked by an A(3) receptor antagonist 3-ethyl-5-benzyl-2-methyl-6-phenyl-4-phenylethynyl-1,4-(+/-)-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate (MRS-1191; 0.05 mg/kg). The adenosine A(1) receptor agonist 2-chloro-N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA; 0.05 mg/kg) also exerted a cytoprotective effect, which was selectively blocked by the A(1) antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX; 0.2 mg/kg). The adenosine A(2A) receptor agonist 2-p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (CGS-21680; 0.07 mg/kg)-induced decrease in skeletal muscle injury was selectively blocked by the A(2A) antagonist 2-(2-furanyl)-7-[3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-e] [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-C]pyrimidin-5-amine (SCH-442416; 0.017 mg/kg). The protection induced by the A(3) receptor was abrogated in phospholipase C-beta2/beta3 null mice, but the protection mediated by the A(1) or A(2A) receptor remained unaffected in these animals. The adenosine A(3) receptor is a novel cytoprotective receptor that signals selectively via phospholipase C-beta and represents a new target for ameliorating skeletal muscle injury.
Chronobiology in 1975. (1976)

One can strive toward the more specific correction of any pathogenic rhythm alteration when such can be recognized by modern methods of data collection and data analysis...
1,2,5-Oxadiazole N-Oxide Derivatives and Related Compounds as Potential Antitrypanosomal Drugs:  Structure−Activity Relationships (1999)

The syntheses of a new series of derivatives of 1,2,5-oxadiazole N-oxide, benzo[1,2-c]1,2,5-oxadiazole N-oxide, and quinoxaline di-N-oxide are described. In vitro antitrypanosomal activity of these compounds was tested against epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. For the most effective drugs, derivatives IIIe and IIIf, the 50% inhibitory dose (ID50) was determined as well as their cytotoxicity against mammalian fibroblasts. Electrochemical studies and ESR spectroscopy show that the highest activities observed are associated with the facile monoelectronation of the N-oxide moiety. Lipophilic-hydrophilic balance of the compounds could also play an important role in their effectiveness as antichagasic drugs.
Robust speech mode based LSF vector quantization for low bit rate coders (2002)

Robust vector quantization of LSF parameters at a low bit rate is essential for voice coders operating below 5 Kbps. A novel aspect of the proposed technique is the use of decorrelated residual LSF vectors from speech mode based backward prediction along with a multi-stage VQ design. Rates as low as 12 bits per 20 ms speech frame for the stationary voiced speech mode and 22 bits/frame for unvoiced and non-stationary voiced frames are shown to result in efficient quantization. In our classification scheme, spectrally stationary voiced frames constitute around 30% of active speech frames resulting in a minimum average bit rate of 19 bits/frame. The objective VQ performance is compared with cellular standard coders such as the IS-641 and IS-127. The proposed VQ has been integrated into a speech mode based 4.8 Kbps coder resulting in subjective performance close to that of the 7.4 Kbps IS-641 coder.
Isolation of cDNA clones encoding putative odourant binding proteins from the antennae of the malaria‐transmitting mosquito, Anopheles gambiae (2002)

Abstract One way of controlling disease transmission by blood‐feeding mosquitoes is to reduce the frequency of insect–host interaction, thus reducing the probability of parasite transmission and re‐infection. A better understanding of the olfactory processes responsible for allowing mosquitoes to identify human hosts is required in order to develop methods that will interfere with host seeking. We have therefore initiated a molecular approach to isolate and characterize the genes and their products that are involved in the olfactory recognition pathway of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae, which is the main malaria vector in sub‐Saharan Africa. We report here the isolation and preliminary characterization of several cDNAs from male and female A. gambiae antennal libraries that encode putative odourant binding proteins. Their conceptual translation products show extensive sequence similarity to known insect odourant binding proteins (OBPs)/pheromone binding proteins (PBPs), especially to those of D. melanogaster. The A. gambiae OBPs described here are expressed in the antennae of both genders, and some of the A. gambiae OBP genes are well conserved in other disease‐transmitting mosquito species, such as Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus.
Synthesis of Block and Graft Copolymers with Linear Polyethylene Segments by Combination of Degenerative Transfer Coordination Polymerization and Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (2005)

Block and graft copolymers with polyacrylate and linear polyethylene segments were synthesized through a combination of degenerative transfer (DT) ethylene polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). DT coordination polymerization was mediated by a bis(imino)pyridineiron/diethylzinc binary catalyst system activated by MAO and was studied at various temperatures. The catalyst system achieved a well-controlled DT coordination polymerization of ethylene, resulting in low-polydispersity polyethylene with high chain end functionality. The Zn-terminated polyethylene prepared by DT coordination polymerization was oxidized using dry air, followed by hydrolysis to provide a monohydroxy-terminated polyethylene (PE-OH). The degree of ethylene polymerization (DP ∼ 20) and the chain end functionality (∼80%) of PE-OH were determined by 1H NMR. The PE-OH was converted into a polyethylene α-bromoisobutyrate macroinitiator (PE-MI), and ATRP of n-butyl acrylate and tert-butyl acrylate was successfully conducted from the PE-MI to produce well-defined block copolymers. A PE-block-PnBA copolymer (Mn = 10 100, Mw/Mn = 1.16 with 7.4 wt % PE segment) and a PE-block-PtBA copolymer (Mn = 11 000, Mw/Mn = 1.16 with 6.8 wt % PE segment) were obtained successfully. The α-bromoisobutyrate/PE-MI was dehydrobrominated to form a polyethylene macromonomer with a terminal α-methacrylate group (PE-MM). A grafting-through ATRP was performed with the PE-MM and either n-butyl acrylate or tert-butyl acrylate to form well-defined PnBA-graft-PE and PtBA-graft-PE copolymers. Molecular structures were determined by 1H NMR and GPC analysis. The PtBA-graft-PE was hydrolyzed yielding PAA-graft-PE with 90% carboxylic acid functionality. DSC analysis of the graft copolymers indicated two separate glass transitions, suggesting phase-separated morphology.
Activation of the transcription factor Oct-1 in response to DNA damage. (2000)

Mammalian cells exhibit complex cellular responses to genotoxic stress, including cell cycle checkpoint, DNA repair, and apoptosis. Inactivation of these important biological events will result in genomic instability and cell transformation. It has been demonstrated that gene activation is a critical initial step during the cellular response to DNA damage. A number of investigations have shown that transcription factors are involved in the regulation of stress-inducible genes. These transcription factors include p53, c-Myc, and AP-1 (c-fos and c-jun). However, the role for the octamer-binding transcription factor Oct-1 in the DNA damage-activated response is unknown. In this report, we have presented the novel observation that the transcription factor Oct-1 is induced after cells are exposed to multiple DNA-damaging agents and therapeutic agents, including UV radiation, methylmethane sulfonate, ionizing radiation, etoposide, cisplatin, and camptothecin. The induction of the Oct-1 protein is mediated through a posttranscriptional mechanism and does not require the normal cellular function of the tumor suppressor p53, indicating that the Oct-1 protein, as a transcription factor, may play a role in p53-independent gene activation. In addition to increased protein level, the activity of Oct-1 DNA binding to its specific consensus sequence is also enhanced by DNA damage. Therefore, these results have implicated that the transcription factor Oct-1 might participate in cellular response to DNA damage, particularly in p53-independent gene activation.
Inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation prevents T-cell receptor-mediated signal transduction. (1990)

The binding of antigen to the multicomponent T-cell receptor (TCR) activates several signal transduction pathways via coupling mechanisms that are poorly understood. One event that follows antigen receptor engagement is the activation of inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C (PLC). TCR activation by antigen, lectins, or anti-TCR monoclonal antibody has also been shown to cause increases in tyrosine phosphorylation of TCR-zeta and other substrates, suggesting stimulation of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) activity. A critical question is whether these two pathways, PLC and PTK, are independently activated or whether one initiates and/or regulates the other. In the former case, PLC activation could be coupled to the TCR via a GTP-binding protein (G protein). We have reported, however, that tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellular substrates precedes detection of PLC activation and intracellular calcium elevation, suggesting that inositol phospholipid turnover in T cells is initiated by a PTK pathway. In this study, we test this hypothesis by treating T cells with the drug herbimycin A. We demonstrate that this agent inhibits substrate tyrosine phosphorylation, TCR-mediated inositol phospholipid hydrolysis, and calcium elevation. In contrast, under these conditions G-protein-mediated PLC activity, as tested by addition of aluminum fluoride, remains intact. Furthermore, whereas herbimycin treatment prevents TCR-mediated interleukin 2 production and interleukin 2 receptor expression, phorbol ester-induced effects are substantially resistant to herbimycin. The drug thus appears to abrogate TCR-mediated signaling without affecting distal signaling mechanisms.
Optical properties of subwavelength hole arrays in vanadium dioxide thin films (2006)

We demonstrate that the transmission of far- and near-field incident light through a periodic array of subwavelength holes in a vanadium-dioxide $(\mathrm{V}{\mathrm{O}}_{2})$ thin film is enhanced in the infrared range with respect to transmission through the unperforated film when $\mathrm{V}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ undergoes its semiconductor-to-metal transition. We explain this enhancement by analyzing the loss of transmitted intensity due to leaky evanescent waves inside the holes and scattering at the entrance and exit apertures. Numerical simulations based on the transfer-matrix formalism provide qualitative support for the model and reproduce the principal features of the experimental measurements.