gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Obesity: Theory and Therapy (1993)

Part 1 Theory: impacts of body weight, body composition and adipose tissue distribution on morbidity and mortality, Lars Sjostrom basic neural mechanisms of feeding and weight regulation, Bartley G. Hoebel and Luis Hernandez pharmacological aspects of appetite, John E. Blundell and Clare L. Lawton physiological regulation of body energy - implications for obesity, Richard E. Keesey energy metabolism, Eric Ravussin and Boyd A. Swinburn dietary obesity, Anthony Sclafani genetics and human obesity, Joanne M. Meyer and Albert J. Stunkard restrained eating, Karl M. Pike and Reinhold G. Laessle psychosocial consequences of obesity and dieting - research and clinical findings, Thomas A. Wadden and Albert J. Stunkard cultural perspectives on the etiology and treatment of obesity, Peter J. Brown. Part 2 Therapy: the treatment of obesity - an overview, Thomas A. Wadden estimation of the effect of obesity on health and longevity - a perspective for the physician Theodore B. Vanltallie and Edward A. Lew popular diets for weight loss - from nutritionally hazardous to healthful, Johanna T. Dwyer and Diana Lu the metabolic and psychological importance of exercise in weight control, Carlos M. Grilo et al the place of appetite-surpressant drugs in the treatment of obesity, Trevor Silverstone preventing relapse following treatment for obesity, Michael G. Perri and Arthur M. Nezu new developments in childhood obesity, Leonard H. Epstein surgery, Edward E. Mason and Cornelius Doherty obstetrical problems in the obese patient, Joy D, Steinfeld and Arnold W. Cohen public health approaches to weight control, C. Barr Taylor and Albert J. Stunkard talking with patients, Albert J. Stunkard.
Compressed Sensing for Wideband Cognitive Radios (2007)

In the emerging paradigm of open spectrum access, cognitive radios dynamically sense the radio-spectrum environment and must rapidly tune their transmitter parameters to efficiently utilize the available spectrum. The unprecedented radio agility envisioned, calls for fast and accurate spectrum sensing over a wide bandwidth, which challenges traditional spectral estimation methods typically operating at or above Nyquist rates. Capitalizing on the sparseness of the signal spectrum in open-access networks, this paper develops compressed sensing techniques tailored for the coarse sensing task of spectrum hole identification. Sub-Nyquist rate samples are utilized to detect and classify frequency bands via a wavelet-based edge detector. Because spectrum location estimation takes priority over fine-scale signal reconstruction, the proposed novel sensing algorithms are robust to noise and can afford reduced sampling rates.
Identification of oligomeric domains within dermatan sulfate chains using differential enzymic treatments, derivatization with 2-aminoacridone and capillary electrophoresis (2001)

Galactosaminoglycans, i.e. dermatan sulfate (DS) and chondroitin sulfate, are linear heteropolysaccharides consisting of repeating disaccharide units of L-iduronic acid (L-IdoA) or D-glucuronic acid (D-GlcA) residues linked to N-acetyl-galactosamine. High-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE or CE) has been successfully used for determining the disaccharide composition of glycosaminoglycans. However, only limited information is available on how to identify oligomeric domains rich in D-GlcA or L-IdoA. The aim of this study was therefore to develop a rapid and accurate CE procedure by which such oligosaccharides can be determined together with the variously sulfated disaccharides. Isolated dermatan sulfates of human origin were separately digested with chondroitinases ABC, AC and B and the enzymic products were derivatized with 2-aminoacridone. CE analysis of these products was performed using a phosphate buffer, pH 3.0, and reversed polarity at 30 kV. The derivatization enabled their detection with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and UV at 260 nm at much higher sensitivity than the detection of nonderivatized delta-saccharides at 232 nm and therefore components undetectable at 232 nm were nicely detected after derivatization. Except for delta-disaccharides, altogether five distinct oligosaccharides with differences in charge density were identified. Depending on the lyase that produced these oligomers, information on the presence of L-IdoA- or D-GlcA-containing domains within the DS chain and the sulfation pattern of these oligomeric domains was obtained. This CE method could also be useful in studying the functional oligomeric domains in galactosaminoglycan chains.
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Serum Levels Distinguish between Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Cerebral Ischemia in the Early Phase of Stroke (2016)

Serum GFAP was confirmed to be a biomarker indicating ICH in patients presenting with acute stroke symptoms. Very small ICH may be missed owing to less tissue destruction.
Atherosclerotic blood vessel tracking and lumen segmentation in topology changes situations of MR image sequences (2002)

Carotid artery vessel tracking and lumen segmentation is an important task for atherosclerotic plaque study, where the active contour model Snake has become one of the most powerful techniques for this purpose. However, its intrinsic weakness in initialization and topology changes handling limits its application in complicated situations. In this research, we focus our work on atherosclerotic blood vessel tracking and lumen contour segmentation of magnetic resource (MR) image sequences, along which the blood vessel bifurcates at indefinite position. To automatically capture this topology change in the processing, a practical solution is proposed by extending our previous research work. The procedure first presegments each MR slice into regions, and then uses a decision tree to track the blood vessel's topology change. Finally, the minimal path Snake (MPS) algorithm is applied to further search optimal lumen contours. Some experimental results in the preliminary study are provided to demonstrate its encouraging performance.
Effect of interleukin 1 on human thymocytes and purified human T cells. (1981)

Human Interleukin 1 (IL-1) purified by molecular weight fractionation, isoelectric focusing, and gel electrophoresis has been tested on human thymocytes and highly purified human T cells. IL-1 prepared in this manner could not support the long-term growth of T cells yet would augment lectin-stimulated mitogenesis. The IL-1 preparations were shown to possess the lectin-augmenting activity at dilutions containing less than 1 ng of the measurable protein. These data are in agreement with the model that IL-1 stimulates production of IL-2 from lectin-stimulated lymphocytes.
An infectious molecular clone of an unusual macrophage-tropic and highly cytopathic strain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (1992)

We isolated and molecularly cloned a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strain (89.6) which is unusual because it is both macrophage-tropic and extremely cytopathic in lymphocytes. Moreover, this is the first well-characterized infectious molecularly cloned macrophage-tropic HIV-1 strain derived from peripheral blood. HIV-1 89.6 differs markedly from other macrophage-tropic isolates within the envelope V3 region, which is important in determining cell tropism and cytopathicity. HIV-1 89.6 may thus represent a transitional isolate between noncytopathic macrophage-tropic viruses and cytopathic lymphocyte-tropic viruses.
Safety and immunogenicity of a baculovirus-expressed hemagglutinin influenza vaccine: a randomized controlled trial. (2007)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00328107.
SmartPlayer (2009)

In this paper we propose a new video interaction model called adaptive fast-forwarding to help people quickly browse videos with predefined semantic rules. This model is designed around the metaphor of scenic car driving, in which the driver slows down near areas of interest and speeds through unexciting areas. Results from a preliminary user study of our video player suggest the following: (1) the player should adaptively adjust the current playback speed based on the complexity of the present scene and predefined semantic events; (2) the player should learn user preferences about predefined event types as well as a suitable playback speed; (3) the player should fast-forward the video continuously with a playback rate acceptable to the user to avoid missing any undefined events or areas of interest. Furthermore, our user study results suggest that for certain types of video, our SmartPlayer yields better user experiences in browsing and fast-forwarding videos than existing video players' interaction models.
Immunochemistry : a practical approach (1997)

Immunochemistry is of immense importance to virtually all areas of modern biology and medicine, and the space afforded by two volumes has allowed coverage of a wide range of topics. The familiar and clear Practical Approach format will make a large body of valuable information easily accessible to a diverse readership. Topics covered in Immunochemistry 2 include: affinity and avidity measurements; the use of liposomes to modulate immune responses; immunfluorescence and immunoenzyme histochemistry; immunological applications of confocal microscopy; flow cytometry; soluble adhesion molecules; complement components; and complement receptors. This book is intended for postgraduate, post-doctoral researchers, and academic staff in immunology, biochemistry, and medicine.
[Preparation of highly-purified RNA from yeasts using calcium ions]. (1996)

The influence of temperature and Ca2+ ions at different concentrations on the effectiveness of RNA precipitation from water-salt extract of baker yeast was studied. Our findings allowed us to propose a method for producing highly purified RNA by precipitation with 180 mM Ca2+ ions from hot yeast extracts (95 degrees C) after removal of the protein fraction that could be also precipitated with 20 mM Ca2+ at 90 degrees C. The purity and yields of RNA samples obtained in such a manner was of 98% and 56% relative to theoretical values, respectively.
Acrolein‐mediated mechanisms of neuronal death (2006)

It is well known that traumatic injury in the central nervous system can be viewed as a primary injury and a secondary injury. Increases in oxidative stress lead to breakdown of membrane lipids (lipid peroxidation) during secondary injury. Acrolein, an alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde, together with other aldehydes, increases as a result of self-propagating lipid peroxidation. Historically, most research on the pathology of secondary injury has focused on reactive oxygen species (ROS) rather than lipid peroxidation products. Little is known about the toxicology and cell death mediated by these aldehydes. In this study, we investigated and characterized certain features of cell death induced by acrolein on PC12 cells as well as cells from dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and sympathetic ganglion in vitro. In the companion paper, we evaluated a possible means to interfere with this toxicity by application of a compound that can bind to and inactivate acrolein. Here we use both light and atomic force microscopy to study cell morphology after exposure to acrolein. Administration of 100 microM acrolein caused a dramatic change in cell morphology as early as 4 hr. Cytoskeletal structures significantly deteriorated after exposure to 100 microM acrolein as demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy, whereas calpain activity increased significantly at this concentration. Cell viability assays indicated significant cell death with 100 microM acrolein by 4 hr. Caspase 3 activity and DNA fragmentation assays were performed and supported the notion that 100 microM acrolein induced PC12 cell death by the mechanism of necrosis, not apoptosis.
Shell-Tunneling Spectroscopy of the Single-Particle Energy Levels of Insulating Quantum Dots (2001)

The energy levels of CdSe quantum dots are studied by scanning tunneling spectroscopy. By varying the tip-dot distance, we switch from "shell-filling" spectroscopy (where electrons accumulate in the dot and experience mutual repulsion) to "shell-tunneling" spectroscopy (where electrons tunnel, one at a time, through the dot). Shell-tunneling spectroscopy provides the single-particle energy levels of the CdSe quantum dot. The results of both types of tunneling spectroscopy are compared with pseudopotential many-body calculations.
Economic models for resource management and scheduling in Grid computing (2002)

Abstract The accelerated development in peer‐to‐peer and Grid computing has positioned them as promising next‐generation computing platforms. They enable the creation of virtual enterprises for sharing resources distributed across the world. However, resource management, application development and usage models in these environments is a complex undertaking. This is due to the geographic distribution of resources that are owned by different organizations or peers. The resource owners of each of these resources have different usage or access policies and cost models, and varying loads and availability. In order to address complex resource management issues, we have proposed a computational economy framework for resource allocation and for regulating supply and demand in Grid computing environments. This framework provides mechanisms for optimizing resource provider and consumer objective functions through trading and brokering services. In a real world market, there exist various economic models for setting the price of services based on supply‐and‐demand and their value to the user. They include commodity market, posted price, tender and auction models. In this paper, we discuss the use of these models for interaction between Grid components to decide resource service value, and the necessary infrastructure to realize each model. In addition to usual services offered by Grid computing systems, we need an infrastructure to support interaction protocols, allocation mechanisms, currency, secure banking and enforcement services. We briefly discuss existing technologies that provide some of these services and show their usage in developing the Nimrod‐G grid resource broker. Furthermore, we demonstrate the effectiveness of some of the economic models in resource trading and scheduling using the Nimrod/G resource broker, with deadline and cost constrained scheduling for two different optimization strategies, on the World‐Wide Grid testbed that has resources distributed across five continents. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Papillomavirus-Like Particles for Serology and Vaccine Development (1996)

Genital infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) has been etiologically linked with the development of cervical and other anogenital cancers. There is therefore a need for an effective HPV vaccine with the potential to significantly reduce the burden of more than half a million new cervical cancer cases in women worldwide each year. The L1 major capsid protein of papillomaviruses expressed in eukaryotic cells self-assembles into virus-like particles (VLP). VLP are attractive subunit vaccine candidates since they lack potentially oncogenic papillomavirus DNA and express the conformationally dependent epitopes necessary to induce high-titer neutralizing antibodies. Prophylactic VLP vaccination has achieved a high degree of protection in animal studies. Thus VLP are now considered the immunogen of choice for human vaccine trials to prevent genital HPV infection. VLP of different HPV have been developed to study the serologic relationship between HPV types. VLP-based ELISA are able to detect antibodies in human sera and are now widely used in epidemiologic studies of the natural history of HPV infection and the associated risk of developing neoplasia.
Disulfiram Implant: A Controlled Trial (1974)

Hald and Jacobsen (1948) introduced disulfiram as an adjunct in the treatment of alcoholism. Its usefulness has, however, been limited by the ease with which patients may discontinue medication and resume drinking. A preparation of disulfiram suitable for implantation was developed some years ago, and though its use has been mainly confined to the continent of Europe, several case reports have been published in this country (Kellam et al ., 1968; Kellam, 1969). Madden and Malcolm (1972) suggest, from a follow-up study of 47 alcoholics, that implantation is followed by a period of sobriety of about six months, but they have made no comparison with a control group of patients.
MRI and PET studies of manganese‐intoxicated monkeys (1995)

Using MRI and PET, we investigated the consequences of manganese intoxication in a primate model of parkinsonism and dystonia. Three rhesus monkeys were injected intravenously with doses of 10 to 14 mg/kg of MnCl2 on seven occasions, each a week apart. Two animals became hypoactive with abnormal extended posturing in the hind limbs. These motor disturbances did not improve with administration of levodopa. In all three monkeys, T1-weighted MRI demonstrated high signal intensities in the regions of the striatum, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra. No significant changes were found on [18F]6-fluoro-L-dopa, [11C]raclopride, or [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose PET. These results are consistent with the pathologic findings, which were primarily confined to the globus pallidus, and indicate that manganese intoxication is associated with preservation of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway, despite clinical evidence of parkinsonian deficits. Chronic manganese intoxication may cause parkinsonism by damaging output pathways downstream to the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway. This is consistent with the demonstrated lack of therapeutic response to levodopa.
Repair and Regeneration of the Abdominal Wall Musculofascial Defect Using Silk Fibroin-Chitosan Blend (2006)

Reconstructive surgery with synthetic or biological materials is commonly performed to repair abdominal wall musculofascial defects that result from ventral hernias. A study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of using silk fibroin and chitosan blend (SFCS) scaffolds for ventral hernia repair in guinea pigs. We compared SFCS with biodegradable human acellular dermal matrix (HADM) and nonbiodegradable polypropylene mesh by implanting each to repair an incisionally created ventral hernia in the abdominal wall using an inlay technique. At 4 weeks, both HADM and SFCS underwent remodeling by host tissue, but polypropylene mesh resulted in extensive bowel adhesions and scarring. Abdominal wall repairs with SFCS showed tissue remodeling in all 3 dimensions, with seamless integration at the interface with adjacent native tissue. The SFCS repair sites remained intact, and their mechanical strength was similar to that of the native abdominal wall despite greater degradation and remodeling of SFCS than of HADM. The deposition of new extracellular matrix consisting of collagen and ground substance, uniform vascularization, and cellular infiltration in SFCS repair sites contributed to the increase in mechanical strength of the regenerated tissue. Thus, SFCS is a potentially useful material for clinical abdominal wall reconstruction, since it becomes remodeled and integrated into the surrounding abdominal wall and maintains adequate tensile strength.
3D lithography by rapid curing of the liquid instabilities at nanoscale (2011)

In liquids realm, surface tension and capillarity are the key forces driving the formation of the shapes pervading the nature. The steady dew drops appearing on plant leaves and spider webs result from the minimization of the overall surface energy [Zheng Y, et al. (2010) Nature 463:640-643]. Thanks to the surface tension, the interfaces of such spontaneous structures exhibit extremely good spherical shape and consequently worthy optical quality. Also nanofluidic instabilities generate a variety of fascinating liquid silhouettes, but they are however intrinsically short-lived. Here we show that such unsteady liquid structures, shaped in polymeric liquids by an electrohydrodynamic pressure, can be rapidly cured by appropriate thermal treatments. The fabrication of many solid microstructures exploitable in photonics is demonstrated, thus leading to a new concept in 3D lithography. The applicability of specific structures as optical tweezers and as novel remotely excitable quantum dots-embedded microresonators is presented.
Autoinducer 2 Production byStreptococcusgordoniiDL1 and the Biofilm Phenotype of aluxSMutant Are Influenced by Nutritional Conditions (2003)

The luxS gene, present in many bacterial genera, encodes the autoinducer 2 (AI-2) synthase. AI-2 has been implicated in bacterial signaling, and this study investigated its role in biofilm formation by Streptococcus gordonii, an organism that colonizes human tooth enamel within the first few hours after professional cleaning. Northern blotting and primer extension analyses revealed that S. gordonii luxS is monocistronic. AI-2 production was dependent on nutritional conditions, and maximum AI-2 induction was detected when S. gordonii was grown in the presence of serum and carbonate. In planktonic cultures, AI-2 production rose sharply during the transition from exponential to stationary phase, and the AI-2 concentration peaked approximately 4 h into stationary phase. An S. gordonii luxS mutant that did not produce AI-2 was constructed by homologous recombination. Complementation of the mutant by insertion of an intact luxS gene into the chromosome in tandem with the disrupted gene restored AI-2 production to a level similar to that of the wild-type strain. In planktonic culture, no growth differences were observed between the mutant and wild-type strains when five different media were used. However, when grown for 4 h as biofilms in 25% human saliva under flow, the luxS mutant formed tall microcolonies that differed from those formed by the wild-type and complemented mutant strains. Biofilms of the luxS mutant exhibited finger-like projections of cells that extended into the flow cell lumen. Thus, the inability to produce AI-2 is associated with altered microcolony architecture within S. gordonii biofilms formed in saliva during a time frame consistent with initial colonization of freshly cleaned enamel surfaces.
Microfluidics Integrated Biosensors: A Leading Technology towards Lab-on-a-Chip and Sensing Applications (2015)

A biosensor can be defined as a compact analytical device or unit incorporating a biological or biologically derived sensitive recognition element immobilized on a physicochemical transducer to measure one or more analytes. Microfluidic systems, on the other hand, provide throughput processing, enhance transport for controlling the flow conditions, increase the mixing rate of different reagents, reduce sample and reagents volume (down to nanoliter), increase sensitivity of detection, and utilize the same platform for both sample preparation and detection. In view of these advantages, the integration of microfluidic and biosensor technologies provides the ability to merge chemical and biological components into a single platform and offers new opportunities for future biosensing applications including portability, disposability, real-time detection, unprecedented accuracies, and simultaneous analysis of different analytes in a single device. This review aims at representing advances and achievements in the field of microfluidic-based biosensing. The review also presents examples extracted from the literature to demonstrate the advantages of merging microfluidic and biosensing technologies and illustrate the versatility that such integration promises in the future biosensing for emerging areas of biological engineering, biomedical studies, point-of-care diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and precision agriculture.