gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seamless Splicing for MPEG-2 Transport Stream Video Servers (1999)

Current uncompressed video servers are capable of streaming multiple video clips back-to-back in such a way that they appear to be a single uninterrupted stream. This is a relatively simple process made possible by frame boundaries equally spaced with no interframe dependencies. With the adoption of MPEG-2 and DV digital television standards, the distribution of video in compressed format will become more common. This change is fueling the development of video servers capable of distributing compressed video in broadcast-ready format. The seamless concatenation and splicing of streams that has been taken for granted in the uncompressed domain becomes complex in the compressed domain due to the mechanics of video encoding. This paper describes the problems associated with concatenating MPEG-2 transport streams (TS) and a technique to perform frame accurate seamless splicing from one MPEG-2 TS to another on compressed stream video servers.
HGF-MET in Resistance to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Lung Cancer (2011)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), gefitinib and erlotinib, show dramatic effects against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR activating mutations. However, 25% – 30% of EGFR mutant lung cancer patients show intrinsic resistance, and the responders almost invariably acquire resistance to EGFR-TKIs within several years. Three mechanisms — second-site point mutation that substitutes methionine for threonine at position 790 (T790M) in EGFR, amplification of MET protooncogene, and overexpression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF, a ligand of MET) — have been reported to contribute to resistance to EGFR-TKIs. These three factors were detected simultaneously in a population of patients with acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs. Further investigations to develop optimal therapy based on accurate diagnosis of resistant mechanism are warranted to improve the prognosis of EGFR mutant lung cancer. Keywords: Acquired resistance, EGFR mutation, gene amplification, lung cancer, tyrosine kinase inhibitor, HGF, gefitinib, erlotinib, intrinsic resistance, T790M mutation, Met amplification, fibroblasts, microenvironment, EGFR-TKI, ErbB3, PI3K, Akt
Anodization of Nanoporous Carbons for Removal of Ammonia (2005)

In this study, a new nanoporous carbon was prepared by anodic oxidation treatment to remove noxic ammonia gas. The acid- and base values of the nanoporous carbon were determined by Boehm’s titration method. And, the surface properties of the carbons were investigated by XPS analysis. Also, N2/77K adsorption isotherm characteristics, including the specific surface areas and nano/micropore volumes were studied by BET and t-plot methods, respectively. The ammonia removal efficiency was confirmed by gas-detecting tube technique. As a result, it was revealed in the case of acidic treatment on nanoporous carbons that the ammonia removal was greatly effective due to the increase of OH groups in carbon surfaces without significant changes of nanostructural properties. It was then found that the acidic anodization of nanoporous carbons was a suitable method for the effective removal of ammonia gas, which could be attributed to the increase of acceptor-donor interactions between acidic oxygen functional groups of carbon adsorbent and basic adsorbate in an adsorbent-adsorbate system.
Characterization of the β‐adrenoceptor subtype involved in mediation of glucose transport in L6 cells (2002)

1. The receptor that mediates the increase in glucose transport (GT) in response to beta-adrenoceptor (beta-AR) agonists was characterized in the rat skeletal muscle cell line L6, using the 2-deoxy-[(3)H]-D-glucose assay. 2. The beta(3)-AR agonist BRL37344 (pEC(50) = 6.89 +/- 0.21), the beta-AR agonist isoprenaline (pEC(50) = 8.99 +/ -0.24) and the beta(2)-AR agonist zinterol (pEC(50) = 9.74 +/- 0.15) increased GT as did insulin (pEC(50) = 6.93 +/- 0.15). The highly selective beta(3)-AR agonist CL316243 only weakly stimulated GT. 3. The pK(B) values calculated from the shift of the pEC(50) values of the agonists in the presence of the beta(1)-AR selective antagonist CGP 20712A or the beta(3)-AR selective antagonist SR 59230A were not indicative of activation of beta(1)- or beta(3)-ARs. Only (-)-propranolol and the beta(2)-AR selective antagonist ICI 118551 caused marked rightward shifts of CR curves to isoprenaline (pK(B) = 10.2 +/- 0.2 and 9.6 +/- 0.3), zinterol (pK(B) = 9.0 +/- 0.1 and 9.4 +/- 0.3) and BRL 37344 (pK(B) = 9.4 +/- 0.3 and 8.4 +/- .2), indicating participation of beta(2)-ARs. 4. The pharmacological analysis was supported by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction analysis of L6 mRNA, which showed high levels of expression of beta(2)-AR but not beta(1)- or beta(3)-AR in these cells. 5. Forskolin and dibutyryl cyclic AMP produced negligible increases in GT while the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase inhibitor, wortmannin, significantly decreased both insulin- and zinterol-stimulated GT, suggesting a possible interaction between the insulin and beta(2)-AR pathways. 6. This study demonstrates that beta(2)-ARs mediate the increase in GT in L6 cells to beta-AR agonists, including the beta(3)-AR selective agonist BRL 37344. This effect does not appear to be directly related to increases in cyclic AMP but requires P13K.
Teach yourself JavaScript in a week (1996)

Teach Yourself JavaScript in a Week is the easiest way to learn how create interactive Web pages with LiveScript, Netscape's Java-like scripting language. It is intended for non-technical people, and will be equally of value to users on the Macintosh, Windows and UNIX platforms. -- Teaches how to design and create attention grabbing Web pages with JavaScript -- Shows how to add interactivity to Web pages
A second look at overloading (1995)

We study a minimal extension of the Hindley/Milner system that supports overloading and polymorphic records. We show that the type system is sound with respect to a standard untyped compositional semantics. We also show that every typable term in this system has a principal type and give an algorithm to reconstruct that type.
Allergen-Induced Airway Inflammation and Bronchial Responsiveness in Wild-Type and Interleukin-4-Deficient Mice (1995)

T helper 2 (Th2)-like cytokines are thought to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation in atopic asthma, leading to bronchial hyperresponsiveness. To investigate the role of the principal Th2 cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) in asthma, we examined the allergen-induced changes in airway morphology and bronchial responsiveness (BR) in an in vivo mouse model. C57BL/6 mice were actively sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) and exposed daily to aerosolized OVA or saline (SAL) for 7 days. Twenty-four hours after the last allergen exposure, total and differential counts of bronchoalveolar lavage cells revealed a significant increase of eosinophils and lymphocytes in OVA-exposed immunized mice compared with SAL-exposed animals. In IL-4-deficient (IL-4-/-) mice, treated in the same way, there were substantially fewer eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage compared with wild-type mice. Allergen exposure of actively sensitized wild-type mice induced a significant increase of BR to carbachol and to serotonin compared with SAL-exposed mice. In contrast, OVA exposure of immunized IL-4-/- mice did not augment BR to serotonin compared with SAL-challenged IL-4-/- mice. In conclusion, these data indicate that repeated allergen exposure in sensitized mice induces airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and that IL-4 plays a predominant role in the pathogenesis of both phenomena.
PBF-2 Is a Novel Single-Stranded DNA Binding Factor Implicated in PR-10a Gene Activation in Potato (2000)

Elicitor-induced activation of the potato pathogenesis-related gene PR-10a requires a 30-bp promoter sequence termed the ERE (elicitor response element) that is bound by the nuclear factor PBF-2 (PR-10a binding factor 2). In this study, PBF-2 has been purified to near homogeneity from elicited tubers through a combination of anion-exchange and DNA affinity chromatography. Evidence demonstrates that inactive PBF-2 is stored in the nuclei of fresh tubers and becomes available for binding to the ERE upon elicitation. A protein with an apparent molecular mass of 24 kD (p24) is a DNA binding component of PBF-2. A cDNA encoding p24 has been cloned and encodes a novel protein with a potential transcriptional activation domain that could also act as a single-stranded DNA binding domain. Both PBF-2 and the cDNA-encoded protein bind with high affinity to the single-stranded form of the ERE in a sequence-specific manner. The inverted repeat sequence of the ERE, TGACAnnnnTGTCA, is critical for binding of this factor in vitro and for PR-10a expression in vivo, supporting the role of PBF-2 as a transcriptional regulator.
Angiogenesis in atherosclerosis. (1992)

This article reviews studies on the structure, complications and pathogenesis of angiogenesis in atherosclerotic plaques. Although important, this topic has not been studied extensively; the authors present a review of the important information available in the literature. Since angiogenesis has profound clinical complications, the focus is on data which provided information to understand the nature of the vascular structures involved and the sequence of events which led to the initiation and growth of these small vessels in the plaque. This review indicates that it is most likely that the capillaries that first form arise from the vasa vasorum. Since the cell biology literature suggests that angiogenesis is regulated by angiogenic factors which stimulate vascular cell migration and proliferation, the known role of several growth factors and inhibitors is reviewed. It is likely that a complex interaction in the atherosclerotic vessel wall results in angiogenesis, and that further study with purified growth factors and other substances is needed to clarify the pathogenesis of this important biological process.
Transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with nonhomologous DNA: illegitimate integration of transforming DNA into yeast chromosomes and in vivo ligation of transforming DNA to mitochondrial DNA sequences. (2020)

When the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was transformed with DNA that shares no homology to the genome, three classes of transformants were obtained. In the most common class, the DNA was inserted as the result of a reaction that appears to require base pairing between the target sequence and the terminal few base pairs of the transforming DNA fragment. In the second class, no such homology was detected, and the transforming DNA was integrated next to a CTT or GTT in the target; it is likely that these integration events were mediated by topoisomerase I. The final class involved the in vivo ligation of transforming DNA with nucleus-localized linear fragments of mitochondrial DNA.
The influence of smoking on the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (1999)

Our results are consistent with the observation that smoking increases the risk of AD. However, we found that among previous smokers who quit smoking, there may be a slight reduction in the risk of AD.
P-Glycoprotein Silencing with siRNA Delivered by Dope-Modified Pei Overcomes Doxorubicin Resistance in Breast Cancer Cells (2011)

The combination of doxorubicin and P-gp silencing formulations led to a twofold increase of doxorubicin uptake and a significant improvement of the therapeutic effect of doxorubicin in resistant cells.
Purification and Catalytic Activities of the Two Domains of the Allene Oxide Synthase-Lipoxygenase Fusion Protein of the CoralPlexaura homomalla (1999)

The conversion of fatty acid hydroperoxides to allene epoxides is catalyzed by a cytochrome P450 in plants and, in coral, by a 43-kDa catalase-related hemoprotein fused to the lipoxygenase that synthesizes the 8R-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (8R-HPETE) substrate. We have expressed the separate lipoxygenase and allene oxide synthase (AOS) domains of the coral protein in Escherichia coli (BL21 cells) and purified the proteins; this system gives high expression (1.5 and 0.3 micromol/liter, respectively) of catalytically active enzymes. Both domains show fast reaction kinetics. Catalytic activity of the lipoxygenase domain is stimulated 5-fold by high concentrations of monovalent cations (500 mM Na(+), Li(+), or K(+)), and an additional 5-fold by 10 mM Ca(2+). The resulting rates of reaction are approximately 300 turnovers/s, 1-2 orders of magnitude faster than mammalian lipoxygenases. This makes the coral lipoxygenase well suited for partnership with the AOS domain, which shows maximum rates of approximately 1400 turnovers/s in the conversion of 8R-HPETE to the allene oxide. Some unusual catalytic activities of the two domains are described. The lipoxygenase domain converts 20.3omega6 partly to the bis-allylic hydroperoxide (10-hydroperoxyeicosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid). Metabolism of the preferred substrate of the AOS domain, 8R-HPETE, is inhibited by the enantiomer 8S-HPETE. Although the AOS domain has homology to catalase in primary structure, it is completely lacking in catalatic action on H(2)O(2); catalase itself, as expected from its preference for small hydroperoxides, is ineffective in allene oxide synthesis from 8R-HPETE.
Framing of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict in thirteen months of New York Times editorials surrounding the attack of September 11, 2001 (2003)

This study sought to determine whether U.S. newspaper framing of international conflict shifted following the Sept. 11 terrorist attack and the U.S. government's initiation of a global war on terrorism. Palestinian/Israeli violence, long a focus of international media and scholarly attention, has been rhetorically tied to terrorism and is the topic of this research. The questions motivating this study include: How did the terrorist attack on U.S. soil alter the nature and/or quantity of U.S. media commentary about the Israeli/Palestinian conflict? What does this commentary suggest about the nature of U.S. media framing of international conflict that is rhetorically tied to U.S. policy objectives and socio-cultural interests but does not involve direct U.S. military intervention? How far-reaching are the effects of a cataclysmic event on media framing, and what are they? Media effects theory, social construction theory, and framing theory are primary foundations for this study. Thus, media messages are presumed to affect the audience, and significant changes in media content are presumed to alter audience understanding of the world. However, this study looks not at the effects of media coverage but at the semantic and narrative elements of media content (the frames) that construct and transmit meanings. A close qualitative reading, supplemented by limited quantitative descriptions, of thirteen months of unsigned editorial comment in The New York Times provides the data for this analysis. Although much framing research focuses on news content, editorial-page commentary is a useful bellwether of a newspaper's dominant frames because unsigned editorials express the newspaper's public stance on issues and establish a context for reader decoding of news stories. This study found the attack of Sept. 11 did not influence the frequency of New York Times editorial comment on the Palestinian/Israeli conflict. However, this and other dramatic events during the period of study altered the dominant frame of reference for this discussion. Thus, in the weeks immediately following the Sept. 11 attack, the New York Times editorial page was more likely to frame Israeli/Palestinian conflict in terms of U.S. strategic interest in the region. Such effects were temporally limited. However, editorial framing of the two parties to the conflict consistently differed throughout the period. In general, New York Times editorials were likely to depersonalize Palestinians and frame them as aggressors rather than victims. Commentary on Israeli acts of violence, in contrast, often favored law and order frames, and the personal suffering of Israeli victims frequently provided the context for discussion of regional violence.
Evidence that Candida albicans binds via a unique adhesion system on phagocytic cells in the marginal zone of the mouse spleen (1992)

We recently demonstrated by using an ex vivo adhesion assay that Candida albicans yeast cells exhibit a unique binding affinity for the marginal zone of the spleen. This binding event provides a working model for studying mechanisms of organ dissemination of the fungus from the blood. By using the ex vivo assays reported here, we showed by bright-field and electron microscopic techniques that mouse spleen marginal zone cells capable of ingesting India ink particles are also involved in yeast cell attachment. During splenic clearance of yeast cells from the circulation in vivo, C. albicans is also associated exclusively with marginal zone cells capable of ingesting India ink. The ability to ingest the ink particles is not necessarily related to yeast cell adherence, because the fungal cells did not bind to phagocytic cells in the splenic red pulp. In fact, the marginal zone phagocytic cells appear to have a unique binding system, because yeast cells also did not bind to phagocytes in other tissues, such as the thymus and peritoneum, or to seven different myeloid cell lines. In addition, antibodies to a number of well-characterized murine adhesion molecules, such as leukocyte integrins, LECAM-1, and CD44, had no effect on binding. On the basis of these results, we propose that splenic marginal zone phagocytes express a novel adhesion system that involves either a unique adhesion molecule or previously described adhesion molecules with unique binding activities.
Oxidation of toxic and carcinogenic chemicals by human cytochrome P-450 enzymes (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidation of toxic and carcinogenic chemicals by human cytochrome P-450 enzymesF. Peter Guengerich and Tsutomu ShimadaCite this: Chem. Res. Toxicol. 1991, 4, 4, 391–407Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/tx00022a001https://doi.org/10.1021/tx00022a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1235Altmetric-Citations749LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Passive integrated-optical waveguide structures by Ge-diffusion in silicon (1994)

The realization of low loss optical channel waveguides and passive waveguide structures by a germanium indiffusion process into silicon will be discussed. Employing relatively simple technological processing like standard lithography, e-beam evaporation and diffusion, single-mode waveguides could be produced exhibiting polarization independent losses of as low as 0.3 dB/cm at wavelengths of /spl lambda/=1.3 /spl mu/m and /spl lambda/=1.55 /spl mu/m. S-bends fabricated with the same technology offered an excess loss of 1 dB at a radius of around 5 mm without any optimization. For a Y-junction designed with S-bends the maximum opening angle was determined to be 1.8/spl deg/ if an excess loss of 1 dB is allowed. The examination of directional couplers with various coupling lengths and distances revealed an excellent agreement between measurement and theory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
High resolution spatial light modulator (1990)

The present spatial light modulator employs an amorphous silicon photoconductor and a nematic liquid crystal to yield 501 p/mm MTF. The resolution is found to be improved by thinning the photoconductor and liquid crystal, as well as through the optimization of the device''s driving condition. Device response is limited by liquid crystal response; it is anticipated that faster response will be possible through the use of a ferroelectric liquid crystal.
Design of a multimedia player with advanced QoS control (1997)

Multimedia applications are becoming more and more common. Possible features such as real-time access to remote data, combining information, and customizing presentations create a large potential for novel uses. On today''s computers and networks, however, resources are still scarce for real-time processing of audio and video. Hence, good quality of service (QoS) management is necessary. The preferred quality as well as the appearance of a presentation may be user or task specific. Moreover, resources are shared among several users in unpredictable ways, requiring adaptation to varying resource availability. This thesis describes the architecture of a real-time video and audio player integrating approaches to these requirements. It is based on a QoS model of independent content, view, and quality definitions [31, 33]. Authors can edit the content of presentations. Video and audio clips from different servers can be combined. View and quality is controlled in the two dimensions of temporal and spatial resolution. The user can customize the appearance by adjusting the view parameters of play speed and image size. Independently, frame rate and image resolution control the quality. A feedback mechanism provides automatic adaptation of the frame rate to resource availability. This prototype demonstrates that advanced quality of service control and support for complex presentation can be provided and shows the implementation complexity involved.
The Escherichia coli CRISPR System Protects from λ Lysogenization, Lysogens, and Prophage Induction (2010)

We show that phage lysogenization, lysogens, and prophage induction are all targeted by CRISPR. The results demonstrate that genomic DNA is not immune to the CRISPR system, that the CRISPR system does not require noncytoplasmic elements, and that the system protects from phages entering and exiting the lysogenic cycle.
Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (2000)

Every year millions of people suffer tissue loss or end-stage organ failure (Langer and Vacanti 1993). Total national US health care costs for these patients exceed 400 billion dollars per year. Currently over 8 million surgical procedures requiring 40 to 90 million hospital days are performed annually in the United States to treat these disorders. Options such as tissue transplantation and surgical intervention are severely limited by critical donor shortages, long-term morbidity, and mortality. Stem cells could be used as a source of donor tissue in transplants and elective surgeries. They could also be used in the treatment of a wide variety of diseases, congenital malformations, and genetic disorders. One especially appropriate application for stem cells involves the treatment of tissue losses, which requires that large numbers of cells be available for transplantation. Similar issues arise with respect to providing sufficient numbers of cells for gene therapy.