gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection in Latin American Children: Results of the Pan American Health Organization Surveillance Study (1998)

Protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae promise to be an effective public health intervention for children, especially in an era of increasing antimicrobial resistance. To characterize the distribution of capsular types in Latin America, surveillance for invasive pneumococcal infection in children < or = 5 years of age was done in six countries between February 1993 and April 1996. Fifty percent of 1,649 sterile-site isolates were from children with pneumonia, and 52% were isolated from blood. The 15 most common of the capsular types prevalent throughout the region accounted for 87.7% of all isolates. Overall, 24.9% of isolates had diminished susceptibility to penicillin: 16.7% had intermediate resistance and 8.3% had high-level resistance. Three customized vaccine formulas containing 7, 12, and 15 capsular types were found to have regional coverages of 72%, 85%, and 88%, respectively. This study emphasizes the need for local surveillance for invasive pneumococcal disease prior to the development and evaluation of protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccines for children.
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis as a Predictor of Survival in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection (1995)

In patients with AIDS, short-term survival has been related to body weight, body composition, and serum nutritional parameters, but their prognostic impact at earlier stages of the HIV infection is not known. With an individual follow-up period of 1,000 days, we investigated the prognostic relevance of electrical tissue conductivity [resistance R, reactance Xc, phase angle alpha, extracellular mass (ECM), body cell mass (BCM)] measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis, of the CD4+ cell count, and of serum parameters indicating malnutrition in 75 HIV-infected male patients at Walter Reed stages 3-5. After initial recording, 29 patients (38.7%) died from AIDS during this period. Among 12 parameters estimated with a semiparametric Cox regression model adjusted for therapy (pentamidine, azidothymidine), the phase angle alpha (parameter estimate: -1.043, 95% confidence interval of -0.61 to -1.47; p < or = 0.0001), the ECM/BCM ratio, Xc, BCM, serum cholesterol, number of CD4+ cells, and serum albumin had significant prognostic influence on survival, whereas age, body weight, body mass index, resistance, serum protein, and serum triglycerides did not. In a model with four covariates (CD4+ cells, phase angle, pentamidine, azidothymidine), the prognostic impact of the CD4+ cell count (parameter estimate: -0.549) was lower compared with the phase angle alpha (parameter estimate: -0.799; p < or = 0.0001) and did not gain statistical significance (p = 0.0626). The phase angle alpha was the best single predictive factor for survival among all 12 parameters (comparison of the respective Cox models with the likelihood ratio test).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
STUDIES ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTION (1961)

Necrosis of rabbit skin produced by thermal injury was found to result in a striking increase in local infectivity of staphylococci that were coagulase-positive and hemolytic, but no local increase in the infectivity of non-pathogenic staphylococci. Infection produced in necrotic burns extended beyond the area of burn and was characterized by hemorrhage, edema, and necrosis of contiguous normal skin. Such infections, however, never resulted in bacteriemia or metastatic abscesses, and there was no effect of the necrotic burn upon the infectivity of staphylococci injected into normal skin of the burned animal. Recovery of rabbits from severe burn infections was associated with the development of high titers of serum antibody to the alpha hemolysin or dermonecrotoxin of the staphylococcus. Thirty to 100 days after the initial burn infection, it was found that rabbits could no longer be infected in a necrotic burn, although infection induced in normal skin of these resistant animals was no different from that in normal rabbits. Immunity to infection by pathogenic staphylococci in necrotic burns could be induced by vaccination with potent alpha hemolysin toxoid, and this immunity was passively transferable with rabbit antiserum. No strain specificity was detected for this immunity in that immunization with toxoid prepared from bacteriophage type 52/42B/80/81 staphylococci protected animals against infection in a necrotic burn by other typable and non-typable staphylococci. Histopathological study of infected necrotic burns in normal rabbits showed extensive necrosis, hemorrhage, edema, and many masses of bacteria but leucocytic infiltration was observed only at the margin of the infection. In contrast, the infected necrotic burns in animals immunized with alpha hemolysin toxoid showed few bacteria and marked leucocytic infiltration throughout the burn. These experiments have, therefore, demonstrated a significant immunity to infection by pathogenic staphylococci in necrotic tissue but not in normal skin, associated with serum antibody to the alpha hemolysin or dermonecrotoxin of the bacteria. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Branched‐Chain Keto Acid Decarboxylase from Lactococcus lactis (KdcA), a Valuable Thiamine Diphosphate‐Dependent Enzyme for Asymmetric CC Bond Formation (2007)

Abstract The thiamine diphosphate‐dependent, branched‐chain 2‐keto acid decarboxylase from Lactococcus lactis sup. cremoris B1157 (KdcA) is a new valuable enzyme for the synthesis of chiral 2‐hydroxy ketones. The gene was cloned and the enzyme was expressed as an N‐terminal hexahistidine fusion protein in Escherichia coli . It has a broad substrate range for the decarboxylation reaction including linear and branched‐chain aliphatic and aromatic keto acids as well as phenyl pyruvate and indole‐3‐pyruvate. The dimeric structure of recombinant KdcA is in contrast to the tetrameric structure of other 2‐keto acid decarboxylases. The enzyme is stable between pH 5 and 7 with a pH optimum of pH 6–7 for the decarboxylation reaction. While KdcA is sufficiently stable up to 40 °C it rapidly looses activity at higher temperatures. In this work the carboligase activity of KdcA is demonstrated for the first time. The enzyme shows an exceptionally broad substrate range and, most strikingly, it catalyzes the carboligation of different aromatic aldehydes as well as CH‐acidic aldehydes such as phenylacetaldehyde and indole‐3‐acetaldehyde with aliphatic aldehydes such as acetaldehyde, propanal, and cyclopropanecarbaldehyde, yielding chiral 2‐hydroxy ketones in high enantiomeric excess. Noteworthy, the donor‐acceptor selectivity is strongly influenced by the nature of the respective substrate combination.
Sortieren, benutzerdefinierte Reihenfolge (1994)

Die Standard-Sortierfolge reicht Ihnen nicht aus, da Sie sich ganz bestimmte Zellinhalte in einer speziellen Reihenfolge anordnen lassen wollen.
Human Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) Is a Type III Enzyme Forming ω-N-Monomethylated Arginine Residues (2012)

Full-length human protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) expressed as a fusion protein in Escherichia coli was initially found to generate only ω-N(G)-monomethylated arginine residues in small peptides, suggesting that it is a type III enzyme. A later study, however, characterized fusion proteins of PRMT7 expressed in bacterial and mammalian cells as a type II/type I enzyme, capable of producing symmetrically dimethylated arginine (type II activity) as well as small amounts of asymmetric dimethylarginine (type I activity). We have sought to clarify the enzymatic activity of human PRMT7. We analyzed the in vitro methylation products of a glutathione S-transferase (GST)-PRMT7 fusion protein with robust activity using a variety of arginine-containing synthetic peptides and protein substrates, including a GST fusion with the N-terminal domain of fibrillarin (GST-GAR), myelin basic protein, and recombinant human histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. Regardless of the methylation reaction conditions (incubation time, reaction volume, and substrate concentration), we found that PRMT7 only produces ω-N(G)-monomethylarginine with these substrates. In control experiments, we showed that mammalian GST-PRMT1 and Myc-PRMT5 were, unlike PRMT7, able to dimethylate both peptide P-SmD3 and SmB/D3 to give the expected asymmetric and symmetric products, respectively. These experiments show that PRMT7 is indeed a type III human methyltransferase capable of forming only ω-N(G)-monomethylarginine, not asymmetric ω-N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine or symmetric ω-N(G),N(G')-dimethylarginine, under the conditions tested.
An HMM online signature verifier incorporating signature trajectories (2004)

Authentication of individuals is rapidly becoming an important issue. On-line signature verification is one of the methods that use biometric features. This paper proposes a new HMM algorithm for on-line signature verification. After preprocessing, input signature is discretized in a polar coordinate system. This particular discretization leads to a simple procedure for assigning initial state and state transition probabilities. This paper utilizes only pen position trajectories, no other information is used which makes the algorithm simple and fast. A preliminary experiment shows that the proposed algorithm appears to be promising.
Anaphylaxis during hemodialysis. (1984)

A ten year old boy with renal failure secondary to the branchio-oto-renal syndrome had a severe anaphylactic reaction during his first hemodialysis. The allergen implicated in the reaction was ethylene oxide gas used for dialyzer sterilization. RAST testing done just after anaphylaxis may be falsely negative and thereby misleading.
Structural Properties of the Promiscuous VP16 Activation Domain (2004)

Herpes simplex virion protein 16 (VP16) contains two strong activation regions that can independently and cooperatively activate transcription in vivo. We have identified the regions and residues involved in the interaction with the human transcriptional coactivator positive cofactor 4 (PC4) and the general transcription factor TFIIB. NMR and biochemical experiments revealed that both VP16 activation regions are required for the interaction and undergo a conformational transition from random coil to alpha-helix upon binding to its target PC4. The interaction is strongly electrostatically driven and the binding to PC4 is enhanced by the presence of its amino-terminal domain. We propose models for binding of VP16 to the core domains of PC4 and TFIIB that are based on two independent docking approaches using NMR chemical shift changes observed in titration experiments. The models are consistent with results from site-directed mutagenesis and provide an explanation for the contribution of both acidic and hydrophobic residues for transcriptional activation by VP16. Both intrinsically unstructured activation domains are attracted to their interaction partner by electrostatic interactions, and adopt an alpha-helical conformation around the important hydrophobic residues. The models showed multiple distinct binding surfaces upon interaction with various partners, providing an explanation for the promiscuous properties, cooperativity, and the high activity of this activation domain.
Scenarios and Policy Aggregation in Optimization Under Uncertainty (1991)

A common approach in coping with multiperiod optimization problems under uncertainty where statistical information is not really enough to support a stochastic programming model, has been to set up and analyze a number of scenarios. The aim then is to identify trends and essential features on which a robust decision policy can be based. This paper develops for the first time a rigorous algorithmic procedure for determining such a policy in response to any weighting of the scenarios. The scenarios are bundled at various levels to reflect the availability of information, and iterative adjustments are made to the decision policy to adapt to this structure and remove the dependence on hindsight.
An Integrated Inverter With Maximum Power Tracking for Grid-Connected PV Systems (2005)

An inverter for grid-connected photovoltaic systems is presented in this paper. It can globally locate the maximum power point of the panel over wide insolation and feed the solar energy to the grid. Its structure mainly integrates a previously developed maximum point tracking method and output current shaping function into a buck-boost-derived converter and then inverts the shaped current through a grid frequency bridge to the grid. Instead of having a storage capacitor connecting in parallel with the converter output, series connection is used, so that the required capacitor voltage rating is lower than that in classical inverters. Most importantly, the inverter output current harmonics are less sensitive to the capacitor value. A 30-W laboratory prototype has been built. The tracking capability, inversion efficiency, and large-signal responses at different insolations have been investigated. Detailed analysis on the inverter performance has been performed. The theoretical predictions are verified with the experimental results.
Thermocapillary actuation of droplets on chemically patterned surfaces by programmable microheater arrays (2003)

We have designed a microfluidic device for the actuation of liquid droplets or continuous streams on a solid surface by means of integrated microheater arrays. The microheaters provide control of the surface temperature distribution with high spatial resolution. These temperature gradients locally alter the surface tension along droplets and thin films thus propelling the liquid toward the colder regions. In combination with liquophilic and liquophobic chemical surface patterning, this device can be used as a logistic platform for the parallel and automated routing, mixing and reacting of a multitude of liquid samples, including alkanes, poly(ethylene glycol) and water.
Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies with diagnostic potential against Shigella flexneri. (1989)

Highly specific monoclonal antibodies (McAbs), 1aM3, 2aM1 and 2bM2 were produced and characterized against Sh. flexneri 1a, 2a and 2b respectively. IaM3 is an IgG3 (lambda) type antibody reactive against whole bacteria or the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) only; 2aM1 is an IgG1 (kappa) type antibody which reacts with the polysaccharide component of LPS; 2bM2 is an IgG3 (lambda) type antibody which binds with both the polysaccharide and protein/peptide components of the LPS. The results indicate that specific McAbs with diagnostic potential can be produced using acetone-killed and dried cells as antigen. Ascitic fluid produced in mice using the anti-Sh. flexneri hybridomas was found not to contain higher titres of McAbs against the bacteria. A "nutritionally-deprived" medium was, therefore, constructed which produced greater than five times the concentration of the McAbs than that could be obtained using normal culture fluid.
Abnormal Diels-Alder Reaction of 5-Alkoxythiazoles with Highly Reactive Dienophiles; 4-Phenyl-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5(4H)-dione, Diethyl Azodicarboxylate, and Diethyl Oxomalonate (1992)

Abstract The reaction of 5-alkoxythiazoles with equimolar amount of 4-phenyl-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5(4H)-dione (PTAD) in an acetonitrile solution at room temperature gave the corresponding O-alkyl 6,7-dihydro-5,7-dioxo-6-phenyl-1H,5H-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,2-a] [1,2,4]triazole-1-carbothioate in high yields. The reaction was assumed to proceed through stepwise addition of PTAD toward thiazole accompanying thiazole ring opening. Diethyl azodicarboxylate also gave 2,3-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazole derivatives in moderate yields. High pressure improved the yields a little. On the other hand, the reaction of diethyl oxomalonate in the presence of tin tetrachloride with 4-unsubstituted thiazoles did not give an adduct of similar type but gave diethyl 2-hydroxy-2-(4-thiazolyl)malonate through the usual electrophilic substitution reaction of thiazole at C-4.
Where buses cannot go (1995)

No aspect of computer design is sacred, not even the system bus, which is giving way to switches in multiprocessing systems, where performance is key. System buses, which string computers together out of circuit boards, have come to strangle system performance in many cases. Another interconnection architecture, though, can free a system from the bus's clutch. Variously known as a switch, crossbar, or crosspoint, it has long been used in speciality computers and is now making its way into lower-cost machines. Meanwhile, silicon and packaging technology have been refined to the point that the crossbar architecture can vie with the system bus for a place in low-cost multiprocessors. More specifically, the crossbar is well suited to use in distributed memory systems, where there is a need for broad path ways for communications between the chunks of memory themselves. The roots of such an approach go deep. In fact, it may be said to have started with an idea for keeping as much data traffic as possible out of general circulation: cache memory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Articular cartilage repair using allogeneic perichondrocyteseeded biodegradable porous polylactic acid (PLA): A tissue‐engineering study (1995)

Efforts to expand treatment options for articular cartilage repair have increasingly focused on the implantation of cell-polymer constructs. The purpose of this study is to determine the suitability of porous D,D-L,L-polylactic acid as a carrier for delivering repair cells obtained from rib perichondrium into full-thickness articular cartilage defects. In vitro characterization of perichondrocyte-polylactic acid composite grafts was combined with in vivo assessment of the early articular cartilage repair in a clinically relevant model. Using a fluorescent double-stain protocol to visualize live and dead cells in situ, primary cells cultured from perichondrium were found to be capable of attaching to and surviving within a porous D,D-L,L-polylactic acid matrix. These perichondrocyte-polylactic acid composite grafts were then implanted within osteochondral defects drilled into the left medial femoral condyles of 16 adult New Zealand white rabbits. Experimental animals were sacrificed 6 weeks after implantation and the repair tissue was evaluated grossly, histologically, and biochemically. Grossly, 96% (15/16) of the experimental animals demonstrated repairs consisting of a smooth, firm neocartilage which appeared similar in color and texture to the surrounding articular surface. Matrix staining for cartilaginous protein was seen surrounding chondrocyte-like cells in the cartilage regions of the repair. Cellular alignment was found to be related to scaffold architecture. These results suggest that scaffolds composed of porous D,D-L,L-polylactic acid support the growth of cartilaginous repair tissue and are compatible with both in vitro and in vivo survival of chondrogenic cells.
Differential Effects of Vinblastine on Polymerization and Dynamics at Opposite Microtubule Ends (1996)

We have characterized the effects of vinblastine on the growing and shortening dynamics at opposite ends of individual bovine brain microtubules at steady state in vitro by video microscopy. Vinblastine exerted strikingly different effects on the dynamics and polymer mass at the plus and minus ends of microtubules. At concentrations between 0.1 and 0.4 microM, the drug strongly depolymerized microtubules at minus ends, whereas it did not significantly depolymerize microtubules at plus ends. Vinblastine stabilized plus ends by suppressing the rate and extent of growth and shortening, decreasing the catastrophe frequency, and increasing the rescue frequency. In contrast, vinblastine destabilized minus ends by increasing the catastrophe frequency and decreasing the rescue frequency, whereas it had no effect on the rate or extent of growth or shortening. Thus, vinblastine moderately increased the overall dynamicity at minus ends while strongly suppressing dynamicity at plus ends. Both the kinetic destabilization of microtubules at minus ends and the stabilization at plus ends may contribute to the altered function of mitotic spindle microtubules of cells blocked in mitosis by low concentrations of vinblastine.
Long-Term Follow-up after Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (1987)

The first 169 patients in whom percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty was performed have now been followed for five to eight years. The procedure was technically successful in 133 patients (79 percent). In the follow-up period, nine of the 133 patients died (five of cardiac disease), and actuarial cardiac survival was 96 percent at six years. All patients were symptomatic before angioplasty, but 67 percent of the 133 who had technically successful procedures were asymptomatic at the last follow-up evaluation. Exercise stress testing, positive in 97 percent before angioplasty, was positive at the last follow-up study in only 10 percent of the patients who had technically successful procedures. Stenosis recurred during the first six months in 30 percent of the patients, and six more recurrences were observed among the 41 patients who had follow-up angiograms at two to seven years. A second angioplasty was required in 27 patients, and coronary bypass surgery was subsequently needed in 19. Actuarial event-free survival (freedom from death, myocardial infarction, and coronary bypass surgery) was 79 percent at six years. Follow-up of patients with multivessel disease showed a higher mortality from cardiac causes and a lower rate of long-term success than occurred among patients with single-vessel disease. These long-term results indicate that most episodes of restenosis occurred within six months of angioplasty, but some late recurrences were seen. Patients with single-vessel disease had a better long-term outcome after angioplasty than those with multivessel disease.
Chronotropic Effect of the Methanolic Extracts of the Plants of theParisSpecies and Steroidal Glycosides Isolated fromP. vietnamensison Spontaneous Beating of Myocardial Cells1 (1989)

Rhizomes of five identified plants of the Paris species, Liliaceae, and Rhizoma Paridis which are sold as a crude drug named "Zao Xiu," "Qiyeyizhihua" or other names in nine different markets in China were tested for their effects on cultured cardiomyocytes. In the standard medium, eight methanol extracts out of sixteen at a concentration of 0.2 mg/ml stopped the spontaneous beating of myocardial cell sheets, but these extracts significantly increased the beating rate when the concentration was reduced to one half. In the culture medium with a low calcium concentration, 0.5 mM, the beating rate of the cells decreased to about 60% of that of the control in the standard medium. The addition of five of the extracts to the low calcium medium at a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml caused a stop of cell beating, but the other extracts increased beating rate at least by 10%. These steroidal glycosides isolated from the rhyzomes of P. vietnamensis (Takht.) H. Li also stimulated cell beating. Among them, diosgenin-3)-alpha-L-rhamno-pyranosyl-(1---2)-(alpha-L-arabinofura nosyl-(1---4))-D-glucopranoside (compound 1) was the most effective stimulant for cell beating as well as calcium uptake by the myocardial cells.