gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy by the optical Kerr-gate method applicable to ultrafast relaxation processes (2000)

We have developed a femtosecond time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy by the optical Kerr-gate (OKG) method to investigate ultrafast carrier dynamics and relaxation processes of materials. Solid glasses with a high nonlinear refractive index were used as the Kerr media to obtain a subpicosecond time resolution. When a quartz plate was used as the Kerr medium, the Kerr efficiency and the instrumental response time of our spectroscopic system were 5--10 % and \ensuremath{\sim}250 fs, respectively. By employing the OKG method, we revealed the internal conversion from ${S}_{2}$ to ${S}_{1}$ state of \ensuremath{\beta}-carotene with a low fluorescence quantum yield and an ultrafast fluorescence decay time, and the lifetime of the ${S}_{2}$ state was determined to be 210 fs. An advantage of the OKG method relative to the conventional up-conversion technique is its ability to directly obtain time-resolved luminescence spectra, and thus the OKG method might be superior to the up-conversion technique to investigate ultrafast carrier dynamics and relaxation processes of materials.
Carbon-carbon bond formation via the reaction of trialkylallylstannanes with organic halides (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon-carbon bond formation via the reaction of trialkylallylstannanes with organic halidesGary E. Keck and John B. YatesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 21, 5829–5831Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00385a066https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00385a066research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2152Altmetric-Citations255LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Symptoms, Cardiovascular Risk Profile and Spontaneous ECG in Paced Patients: A Five‐Year Follow‐Up Study (1990)

The symptom triad of syncope, dizziness, and dyspnea improved remarkably in 93% of patients. Thirty-nine percent suffered from coronary heart disease. The risk factors of hypertension (47%), nicotine (37%), and diabetes mellitus (25%) were found significantly more often than in a normal population with the same age and sex profile. In VVI paced patients with sick sinus syndrome (SSS, n = 67) atrial fibrillation (AF) occurred significantly more often (42%) than in patients with AV block (n = 80, 23%, P less than 0.05). Only one out of 41 DDD paced patients showed AF at follow-up. VVI stimulation seems to favor AF due to retrograde conduction in SSS. Only 3% of patients with SSS developed second- or third-degree AV block. Therefore, atrial pacing is preferable in most patients with SSS.
The Wnt‐signaling pathway is not implicated in tumorigenesis of Merkel cell carcinoma (2006)

Background: The Wnt‐signaling pathway, involving β‐catenin, apc, and axin, plays a critical role in numerous developmental events. Alterations in the Wnt‐signaling pathway have been detected in a wide variety of neoplasms. However, similar aberrations have not been described in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). The aim of this study was to determine the status of the Wnt‐signaling pathway in MCC. Methods: Twelve cases of MCC were tested for the expression of β‐catenin and mutational status of CTNNB1 (gene for β‐catenin), APC , AXIN1 , and AXIN2 . Genomic DNA extracted from paraffin blocks was subjected to a polymerase chain reaction/single‐strand conformation polymorphism analysis and sequencing. Results: Nuclear accumulation of β‐catenin was observed in only one case (8.3%), as determined by immunochemistry. No mutations were found in CTNNB1 , APC , and AXIN2 in all cases, although silent mutations in AXIN1 were detected in three cases. Conclusions: We conclude that the Wnt‐signaling pathway does not play an important role in tumorigenesis in MCC.
Hypothalamic resistin induces hepatic insulin resistance (2007)

Circulating resistin stimulates endogenous glucose production (GP). Here, we report that bi-directional changes in hypothalamic resistin action have dramatic effects on GP and proinflammatory cytokine expression in the liver. The infusion of either resistin or an active cysteine mutant in the third cerebral ventricle (icv) or in the mediobasal hypothalamus stimulated GP independent of changes in circulating levels of glucoregulatory hormones. Conversely, central antagonism of resistin action markedly diminished the ability of circulating resistin to enhance GP. We also report that centrally mediated mechanisms partially control resistin-induced expression of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and SOCS-3 in the liver. These results unveil what we believe to be a novel site of action of resistin on GP and inflammation and suggest that hypothalamic resistin action can contribute to hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Biodegradation of Medical Purpose Polymeric Materials and Their Impact on Biocompatibility (2013)

The use of polymeric materials in medical devices and pharmaceutical applications has been extended in the last decades. Biodegradable implantable polymers for tissue engineering and drug release have the advantage to avoid a permanent and chronic immune response, and to avoid removal surgery; moreover the versatility of polymeric materials aloud the de‐ sign of specific biodegradable characteristics to control drug release, to develop resorbable devices, and to improve cell integration.
Effects of compression on soft tissue optical properties (1996)

Tissue optical properties are necessary parameters for prescribing light dosimetry in photomedicine. In many diagnostic or therapeutic applications where optical fiber probes are used, pressure is often applied to the tissue to reduce index mismatch and increase light transmittance. In this paper, we have measured in vitro optical properties as a function of pressure with a visible-IR spectrophotometer. A spectral range of 400-1800 mm with a spectral resolution of 5 nm was used for all measurements. Skin specimens of a Hispanic donor and two Caucasian donors were obtained from the tissue bank. Bovine aorta and sclera, and porcine sclera came from a local slaughter house. Each specimen, sandwiched between microscope slides, was compressed by a spring-loaded apparatus. Then diffuse reflectance and transmittance of each sample were measured at no load and at approximately 0.1, 1, and 2 kgf/cm/sup 2/. Under compression, tissue thicknesses were reduced up to 78%. Generally speaking, the reflectance decreased while the overall transmittance increased under compression. The absorption and reduced scattering coefficients were calculated using the inverse adding doubling method. Compared with the no-load controls, there was an increase in absorption and scattering coefficients among most of the compressed specimens.
A distributed architecture for mobile, location-dependent applications (2000)

Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2000.
Region-adaptive motion tracking of speckle imagery (2002)

A new algorithm for speckle tracking is introduced. The algorithm is based on 2D correlation processing of beamformed radio frequency (RF) data from a medical imaging scanner employing a linear array of transducers. However, it is based on two powerful features for mask size design and for optimizing search direction for efficient implementation. An eigenvalue decomposition of a local intraframe spatial correlation matrix is used to determine the mask size. In addition, the search direction is determined from the 2D gradiant of the phase profiles of an interframe spatial correlation matrix. The result is a robust and computationally efficient speckle tracking algorithm suitable for medical imaging applications. A description of the new algorithm is given in this paper along with illustrative examples from image sequences obtained from tissue mimicking phantoms and in vivo liver images from a healthy volunteer.
Decade of progress in high-temperature Johnson noise thermometry (1982)

The theoretical foundation is presented for Johnson noise thermometry. Basic methods for implementation of practical noise thermometers that use conventional electronic signal-processors are surveyed. Applications of noise thermometry in temperature scale metrology and process temperature instrumentation are described. Some conclusions and future prospects for Johnson noise thermometry are derived from the surveyed work.
Organocerium additions to SAMP-hydrazones: general synthesis of chiral amines (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganocerium additions to SAMP-hydrazones: general synthesis of chiral aminesScott E. Denmark, Theodor Weber, and David W. PiotrowskiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 7, 2224–2225Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00241a073https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00241a073research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views715Altmetric-Citations125LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Legal problems of seabed boundary delimitation in the East China Sea (1984)

This book is the first comprehensive study of the complex problems of boundary delimitations in the East China Sea that involves four coastal states, namely Korea, Japan, the Republic of China (ROC) and the People's Republic of China (PRC).
CD8-Independent Tumor Cell Recognition Is a Property of the T Cell Receptor and Not the T Cell (2003)

The CD8 coreceptor enhances T cell function by stabilizing the TCR/peptide/MHC complex and/or increasing T cell avidity via interactions with the intracellular kinases Lck and LAT. We previously reported a CD4(+) T cell (TIL 1383I), which recognizes the tumor-associated Ag tyrosinase in the context of HLA-A2. To determine whether CD8 independent tumor cell recognition is a property of the TCR, we used retroviral transduction to express the TIL 1383I TCR in the CD8(-) murine lymphoma, 58 alpha(-)/beta(-). Immunofluorescent staining of TCR-transduced cells with human TCR V beta subfamily-specific and mouse CD3-specific Abs confirmed surface expression of the transferred TCR and coexpression of mouse CD3. Transduced effector cells secreted significant amounts of IL-2 following Ag presentation by tyrosinase peptide-pulsed T2 cells as well as stimulation with HLA-A2(+) melanoma lines compared with T2 cells alone or HLA-A2(-) melanoma cells. Further analysis of TCR-transduced clones demonstrated a correlation between T cell avidity and cell surface expression of the TCR. Therefore, the TIL 1383I TCR has sufficient affinity to mediate recognition of the physiologic levels of Ag expressed by tumor cells in the absence of CD8 expression.
Interpolation of the pitch-predictor parameters in analysis-by-synthesis speech coders (1994)

The pitch-predictor contributes greatly to the efficiency of current analysis-by-synthesis speech coders by mapping the past reconstructed signal into the present. However, for good performance, it is required that its parameters are updated often (one every 2.5-7.5 ms). A slower update rate of the pitch-predictor delay results in time misalignment between the original signal and the pitch-predictor contribution to the reconstructed signal and the pitch-predictor contribution to the reconstructed signal. The authors introduce a new procedure, that allows a slow update rate of the pitch-predictor parameters without this problem. In this method the original signal is modified in a closed-loop fashion such that the parameter values obtained by interpolation of open-loop estimates form the optimal encoding of the modified signal. This new paradigm is a generalization of the familiar analysis-by-synthesis principle. The generalized analysis-by-synthesis principle can be used for interpolation of both the pitch-predictor delay and gain. The authors compare, by means of a subjective test, speech signals encoded with different versions of the code-excited linear predictor delay and gain. They compare, by means of a subjective test, speech signals encoded with different versions of the code-excited linear predictor (CELP) coder. The comparison shows that a pitch predictor exploiting the present interpolation strategy, with an update rate of 50 Hz, provides a subjective speed quality similar to a conventional pitch predictor where the parameters are updated for every pitch cycle.
Identification and Determination of the Isomeric Bromo- and/or Chloro-Substituted l,3-Dihalo-5,5- Dimethylhydantoins Used in Disinfectants and Molluscicides (1996)

Abstract Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (1H NMR) was used to identify and quantitate the 4 isomeric bromo- and/or chloro-substituted 1,3-dihalo-5,5-dimethylhydantoins in technical-grade materials used to prepare commercial disinfectants and molluscicides. We found that the technical grades of bromo/chloro-substituted 1,3-dihalo-5,5-dimethylhydantoins are mixtures of the 4 possible isomers, that interconversion among isomers occurs in solution and can be detected by 1H NMR, and that isomer interconversion occurs over times greater than those of the NMR timescale.
Broadband (600–1350 nm) Time-Resolved Diffuse Optical Spectrometer for Clinical Use (2015)

We report on the design, development, and performance assessment of a portable time-resolved system measuring absorption and scattering spectra of highly diffusive media over the 600-1350 nm range. In view of clinical use, two strategies were implemented; the first one equips the system with high responsivity in key tissue absorbing regions, whereas the second one makes the system immune to time drift. The MEDPHOT protocol was used for the performance assessment of the instrument. Finally, the system was enrolled into its first in vivo trial phase, measuring the broadband absorption and scattering spectra of human manubrium, abdomen fat tissues, and forehead for the in vivo quantification of key tissue constituents.
Folded tree maximum-likelihood decoder for Kronecker product-based codes (2013)

In this paper, we propose efficient maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding for binary Kronecker product-based (KPB) codes. This class of codes, have a matrix defined by the n-fold iterated Kronecker product G <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sub> = F <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">⊗n</sup> of a binary upper-triangular kernel matrix F, where some columns are suppressed given a specific puncturing pattern. Polar and Reed- Muller codes are well known examples of such KPB codes. The triangular structure of G <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sub> enables to perform ML decoding as a binary tree search for the closest codeword to the received point. We take advantage of the highly regular fractal structure of G <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sub> and the “tree folding” technique to design an efficient ML decoder, enabling to decode relatively longer block lengths than with a standard binary tree search. The tree κ-folding operation transforms the binary tree with N levels into a non-binary tree with N=2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">κ</sup> levels, where the search can be significantly accelerated by a suitable ordering of the branch metrics. For a given κ we can find (n over κ) different folding which lead to decoders with different complexity, for a given code. Using the proposed folded tree decoder, we provide exact ML performances of some Reed-Muller and polar codes over a binary AWGN channel for the block length up to 256.
Comparative modeling methods: Application to the family of the mammalian serine proteases (1990)

Comparative modeling methods are described that can be used to construct a three-dimensional model structure of a new protein from knowledge of its sequence and of the experimental structures and sequences of other members of its homology family. The methods are illustrated with the mammalian serine protease family, for which seven experimental structures have been reported in the literature, and the sequences for over 35 different protein members of the family are available. The strategy for modeling these proteins is presented, and criteria are developed for determining and assigning the reliability of the modeled structure. Criteria are described that are specially designed to help detect cases in which it is likely that the local structure diverges significantly from the usual conformation of the family.
Analgesic and Antiinflammatory Effects of Two Novel κ-Opioid Peptides (2001)

FE 200665 is a peripherally selective kappa-agonist with potent analgesic and antiinflammatory properties that may lead to improved analgesic-antiinflammatory therapy compared with centrally acting opioids or standard nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.
Comparison of severity of illness scoring systems in the prediction of hospital mortality in severe sepsis and septic shock (2010)

We found that all three ED-based systems for scoring severity of illness had low to moderate predictive capability. The MEDS score demonstrated the largest AUC of the studied scoring systems for the outcome of mortality, although the CIs on point estimates of the AUC of the REMS and CURB-65 scores all overlap.
Defects in succinate dehydrogenase in gastrointestinal stromal tumors lacking KIT and PDGFRA mutations (2010)

Carney-Stratakis syndrome, an inherited condition predisposing affected individuals to gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) and paraganglioma, is caused by germline mutations in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) subunits B, C, or D, leading to dysfunction of complex II of the electron transport chain. We evaluated the role of defective cellular respiration in sporadic GIST lacking mutations in KIT or PDGFRA (WT). Thirty-four patients with WT GIST without a personal or family history of paraganglioma were tested for SDH germline mutations. WT GISTs lacking demonstrable SDH genetic inactivation were evaluated for SDHB expression by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting and for complex II activity. For comparison, SDHB expression was also determined in KIT mutant and neurofibromatosis-1-associated GIST, and complex II activity was also measured in SDH-deficient paraganglioma and KIT mutant GIST; 4 of 34 patients (12%) with WT GIST without a personal or family history of paraganglioma had germline mutations in SDHB or SDHC. WT GISTs lacking somatic mutations or deletions in SDH subunits had either complete loss of or substantial reduction in SDHB protein expression, whereas most KIT mutant GISTs had strong SDHB expression. Complex II activity was substantially decreased in WT GISTs. WT GISTs, particularly those in younger patients, have defects in SDH mitochondrial complex II, and in a subset of these patients, GIST seems to arise from germline-inactivating SDH mutations. Testing for germline mutations in SDH is recommended in patients with WT GIST. These findings highlight a potential central role of SDH dysregulation in WT GIST oncogenesis.
Randomized, Double‐Blind, Phase 2a Trial of Falciparum Malaria Vaccines RTS,S/AS01B and RTS,S/AS02A in Malaria‐Naive Adults: Safety, Efficacy, and Immunologic Associates of Protection (2009)

The RTS,S/AS01B malaria vaccine warrants comparative field trials with RTS,S/AS02A to determine the best formulation for the protection of children and infants. The association between complete protection and immune responses is a potential tool for further optimization of protection. Trial registration. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00075049.
Development of hit solar cells with more than 21% conversion efficiency and commercialization of highest performance hit modules (2003)

World's highest conversion efficiency of 21.3% has been achieved in HIT (Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin-layer) solar cell with a practical cell size of 10 cm /spl times/ 10 cm. This is achieved by improvement of a-Si/c-Si heterojunction, enlargement of effective area and so on. Some of these technologies have been introduced to mass production and as a result, 200W HIT solar cell modules have been commercialized with a highest cell conversion efficiency of 19.5%.
Singlet molecular oxygen production in the reaction of peroxynitrite with hydrogen peroxide (1994)

Peroxynitrite and hydrogen peroxide are mediators of cytotoxicity. This study shows that the peroxynitrite anion reacts with hydrogen peroxide to release oxygen accompanied by emission of chemiluminescence (CL). Direct characterization of this light emission attributes it to the transition of singlet molecular oxygen to the triplet ground state. Chemiluminescence was monitored: (i) by dimol light emission in the red spectral region (> 610 nm) using a red-sensitive photomultiplier; and (ii) by monomol light emission in the infrared (1270 nm) with a liquid nitrogen-cooled germanium diode. These properties of photoemission and the enhancing effect of deuterium oxide on CL intensity as well as the quenching effect of sodium azide are diagnostic of molecular oxygen in the excited singlet state. For comparison, singlet molecular oxygen arising from the thermolysis of the water-soluble endoperoxide of 3,3'-(1,4-naphthylidene)dipropionate or from the hypochlorite/H2O2 system was also monitored. These novel observations identify a potential singlet oxygen-dependent mechanism contributing to cytotoxicity mediated by peroxynitrite and hydrogen peroxide.
para-Aminobenzoate Synthesis from Chorismate Occurs in Two Steps (1989)

Escherichia coli p-aminobenzoate synthase is composed of two nonidentical subunits encoded by pabA and pabB and has been assumed to be the sole enzyme responsible for p-aminobenzoate biosynthesis from chorismate and glutamine. Plasmids were constructed that overproduce the p-aminobenzoate synthase subunits 250-500-fold. Partial purification of the subunits revealed that they form a diffusible intermediate that is subsequently converted to p-aminobenzoate by a second enzyme (Mr = 49,000) temporarily designated enzyme X.