gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decision-directed maximum-likelihood estimationofOFDM frame synchronisation offset (1994)

The authors propose a method to estimate the synchronisation offset for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) frame alignment without resort to pilot tones. A decision-directed maximum-likelihood estimation of frame synchronisation offset is derived, and the performance of the proposed scheme is confirmed by computer simulation for QAM systems.
Production of Antiserum to LH-Releasing Hormone (LH-RH) Associated with Gonadal Atrophy in Rabbits: Development of Radioimmunoassays for LH-RH (1973)

Repeated injections of synthetic LH-RH decapeptide, adsorbed on polyvinylpyrrolidone and emulsified with complete Freund's adjuvant, resulted in the production of a specific antiserum to LH-RH in 2 of 3 rabbits. The animals which produced this antiserum showed a reduction of pituitary LH content and marked atrophy of the testes. The antiserum-antibody complex was detected by the complement fixation test. The antiserum was capable of binding 125I labeled LH-RH. After iodination of LH-RH (using 125I and either the chloramine T or lactoperoxidase method) separation of the iodination products on CMC yielded 3 main peaks of radioactivity: The first was free iodide, the second was labeled peptide with low immunoreactivity, and the third was immunoreactive peptide. This 3rd peak consisted of 2 or 3 subpeaks; the leading subpeak(s) were more readily bound by antiserum than the trailing one(s). Binding of these fractions to antiserum was increased in the presence of small amounts of unlabeled LH-RH (a phenomenon called “paradoxical binding” or “hock effect”) but inhibited by larger amounts. Both the augmentation and the inhibition effects were doserelated, allowing the development of 2 different radioimmunoassay (RIA) systems for LH-RH. An ordinary (competitive) type of RIA was developed in which a small amount (0.31 ng/assay tube) of unlabeled LH-RH was added to the labeled peptide. This saturated the antiserum's capacity for paradoxical binding, so that further addition of LH-RH (from 0.04 to 2.5 ng/tube) inhibited binding of labeled LH-RH. The assay developed using paradoxical binding omitted the premixing of labeled and unlabeled LH-RH; in this assay addition of very small amounts (0.5 to 310 pg) of unlabeled LH-RH to the assay tubes increased the amount of label bound to antiserum and allowed construction of a parabolic curve of positive slope when B/T was plotted against arithmetic dose. A number of other hypothalamic and pituitary hormones (thyrotropin-releasing hormone, MSH release-inhibiting hormone, the peptide proposed as GH-releasing hormone, MSH, arginine vasopressin, ACTH, oxytocin, ovine LH, rat FSH and GH, human GH, LH, FSH and TSH, and bovine TSH) failed to interfere in these assays, suggesting that the assays are highly specific for LH-RH, although both polymers and degradation products of LH-RH appeared to have some immunoreactivity. Extracts of rat and human hypothalamus, tested at various doses prepared by serial dilution, produced dose-response curves indistinguishable from synthetic LH-RH decapeptide. This supports but does not prove the proposition that LH-RH decapeptide is the only immunoreactive molecule in these extracts. (Endocrinology93: 1092, 1973)
Looking down the drug pipeline. (1998)

Reports at the 5th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections addressed new anti-HIV agents in primary phases of development that offer treatment alternatives to people with little or no treatment history and individuals with few treatment choices. FTC, a new nucleoside analog produced by Triangle Pharmaceuticals, is an alternative to 3TC. F-ddA (lodenosine), a nucleoside analog licensed by US Bioscience, is structurally similar to ddI and is reported to have good bioavailability, once-a-day dosing, and no bone marrow suppression. F-ddA has also shown in vitro activity against multidrug-resistant strains of HIV. Adult and pediatric studies are currently being conducted by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and US Bioscience. Oral versus IV PMPA shows promising results as a possible alternative for 3TC- and AZT-experienced patients. Further testing is being done by Gilead Sciences and HIV Network for Prevention Trials (HIVNET). Abbott Laboratories is developing a second-generation protease inhibitor, ABT-378, which has a ten-fold greater antiviral activity in vitro than the original, ritonavir. It is administered with ritonavir to increase ABT-378 levels in the blood, but has no food requirements, and less severe side effects. Two trials are being conducted: one for patients who are treatment-naive and the second for patients who are failing other protease inhibitors. Immune-based therapies, such as Leukine (GM-CSF), are used to handle neutropenia and offset bone marrow toxicities from drugs. Concerns that GM-CSF may increase viral replication may be balanced by using highly active antiretroviral therapy. FP-21399, developed by Lexigen Pharmaceuticals, is being tested as an HIV fusion inhibitor.
[The effect of PKC-delta inhibitor Rottlerin on human colon cancer cell line SW1116 and its mechanism]. (2006)

PKC-delta inhibitor Rottlerin inhibites cell division and proliferation of the colon cancer SW1116 cells through regulating DNA methylation and blocking the signaling pathway of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK).
A 4.5-mW Closed-Loop $\Delta\Sigma$ Micro-Gravity CMOS SOI Accelerometer (2006)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In this paper, design, implementation and characterization of a 3-V switched-capacitor (SC) &lt;formula formulatype="inline"&gt;&lt;tex&gt;$\Delta\Sigma$&lt;/tex&gt; &lt;/formula&gt; CMOS interface circuit for the closed-loop operation of a lateral capacitive micro-gravity silicon-on-insulator (SOI) accelerometer is presented. The interface circuit is based on a front-end programmable reference-capacitorless SC charge amplifier and a back-end second-order SC &lt;formula formulatype="inline"&gt; &lt;tex&gt;$\Delta\Sigma$&lt;/tex&gt;&lt;/formula&gt; modulator. The accelerometer is fabricated through a dry-release high aspect-ratio reduced-gap process. By incorporating the low-&lt;formula formulatype="inline"&gt;&lt;tex&gt;$Q$&lt;/tex&gt;&lt;/formula&gt; transfer function of the microaccelerometer in a feedback loop, the system's dynamic range is improved by 20 dB, leading to a measured resolution of 4 &lt;formula formulatype="inline"&gt; &lt;tex&gt;$\mu{\hbox{g}}/\surd{\hbox{Hz}}$&lt;/tex&gt;&lt;/formula&gt; and an output dynamic range of 95 dB at 20 Hz. The bias instability is 2 to 8 &lt;formula formulatype="inline"&gt; &lt;tex&gt;$\mu{\hbox{g}}$&lt;/tex&gt;&lt;/formula&gt; for 12 hours. The chip is fabricated in the 0.5-&lt;formula formulatype="inline"&gt;&lt;tex&gt;$\mu{\hbox {m}}$&lt;/tex&gt;&lt;/formula&gt; standard CMOS process with an area of 2.25 &lt;formula formulatype="inline"&gt;&lt;tex&gt;${\hbox {mm}}^{2}$&lt;/tex&gt;&lt;/formula&gt;. The integrated circuit (IC) consumes 4.5 mW of power. </para>
Anatomical and functional characteristics of carotid sinus stimulation in humans (2001)

Transmission characteristics of pneumatic pressure to the carotid sinus were evaluated in 19 subjects at rest and during exercise. Either a percutaneous fluid-filled ( n = 12) or balloon-tipped catheter ( n = 7) was placed at the carotid bifurcation to record internal transmission of external neck pressure/neck suction (NP/NS). Sustained, 5-s pulses, and rapid ramping pulse protocols (+40 to −80 Torr) were recorded. Transmission of pressure stimuli was less with the fluid-filled catheter compared with that of the balloon-tipped catheter (65% vs. 82% negative pressure, 83% vs. 89% positive pressure; P &lt; 0.05). Anatomical location of the carotid sinus averaged 3.2 cm (left) and 3.6 cm (right) from the gonion of the mandible with a range of 0–7.5 cm. Transmission was not altered by exercise or Valsalva maneuver, but did vary depending on the position of the carotid sinus locus beneath the sealed chamber. These data indicate that transmission of external NP/NS was higher than previously recorded in humans, and anatomical variation of carotid sinus location and equipment design can affect transmission results.
Cleavage of collagen RNA transcripts by hammerhead ribozymes in vitro is mutation-specific and shows competitive binding effects (1997)

We report here the in vitro use of hammerhead ribozymes as an approach to the gene therapy of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Our strategy for the treatment of this dominant genetic disorder is based on selective reduction of the level of the mRNA transcripts from the mutant allele. We studied the in vitro cleavage activity of five different hammerhead ribozymes targeted against synthetic transcripts of two naturally occurring human collagen mutations and against a point mutation introduced into a construct containing a portion of the mouse COL1A1 gene. This is the first demonstration that ribozyme cleavage is absolutely dependent on the presence of the ribozyme cleavage site introduced by the disease-causing mutation. Cleavage specificity and activity were unchanged when the cleavage site was located in transcripts of progressively longer length. Cleavage efficiency depended directly on the ratio of ribozyme/substrate, as well as on the time and temperature of incubation. We investigated the competitive effects of both total RNA and normal synthetic transcripts on ribozyme cleavage activity. The ribozyme was able to localize and cleave its specific target even in the presence of a vast excess of total RNA. However, cleavage efficiency was linearly inhibited by the presence of a non- cleavable competitor substrate which contained a ribozyme binding site identical to the site present in the cleavable target. Although this competition could be eliminated by introducing a mismatch into one ribozyme binding arm, the presence of the mismatch decreased ribozyme cleavage efficiency. The mutation- specificity of ribozyme cleavage demonstrated in this work provides support for in vivo studies aimed at ribozyme development as a treatment for dominant negative genetic disorders.
Editorial (1996)

THE HEALTH department’s dallying over the issue of nurses prescribing under protocols could precipitate a worsening of the current muddle. For months now the department has been considering the legal position of nurses who administer drugs and appliances under group protocols. A wholesale review of the Medicines Act has being pending for some time now but officials have continually dragged their feet in making a statement. Currently, many thousands of nurses are caught in the trap of protocol legality.
VideoReach (2007)

This paper presents a novel online video recommendation system called VideoReach, which alleviates users' efforts on finding the most relevant videos according to current viewings without a sufficient collection of user profiles as required in traditional recommenders. In this system, video recommendation is formulated as finding a list of relevant videos in terms of multimodal relevance (i.e. textual, visual, and aural relevance) and user click-through. Since different videos have different intra-weights of relevance within an individual modality and inter-weights among different modalities, we adopt relevance feedback to automatically find optimal weights by user click-though, as well as an attention fusion function to fuse multimodal relevance. We use 20 clips as the representative test videos, which are searched by top 10 queries from more than 13k online videos, and report superior performance compared with an existing video site.
AZD9291 in EGFR -Mutant Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients (2015)

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients whose tumors have an EGFR-activating mutation develop acquired resistance after a median of 9-11 months from the beginning of treatment with erlotinib, gefitinib and afatinib. T790M mutation is the cause of this resistance in approximately 60% of cases. AZD9291 is an oral, irreversible, mutant-selective EGF receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) developed to have potency against EGFR mutations, including T790M mutation, while sparing wild-type EGFR. A Phase I trial of AZD9291 in EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients, demonstrated high activity, essentially among T790M-mutant tumors, with a manageable tolerability profile. Ongoing Phase III trials are evaluating AZD9291 in EGFR-mutant patients as first-line treatment compared with erlotinib and gefitinib; and as second-line treatment compared with chemotherapy after progression on EGFR TKI in T790M-mutant tumors. Better identification of T790M-mutant tumors post EGFR TKI relapse and mechanisms of resistance to AZD9291 are the future challenges. This article reviews the emerging data regarding AZD9291 in the treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC.
Spot 14: A Marker of Aggressive Breast Cancer and a Potential Therapeutic Target (2006)

Spot 14 (S14) is a nuclear protein that communicates the status of dietary fuels and fuel-related hormones to genes required for long-chain fatty acid synthesis. In mammary gland, S14 is important for both epithelial proliferation and milk fat production. The S14 gene is amplified in some breast cancers and is strongly expressed in most. High expression of S14 in primary invasive breast cancer is conspicuously predictive of recurrence. S14 mediates the induction of lipogenesis by progestin in breast cancer cells and accelerates their growth. Conversely, S14 knockdown impairs de novo lipid synthesis and causes apoptosis. We found that breast cancer cells do not express lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hypothesize that they do not have access to circulating lipids unless the local environment supplies it. This may explain why primary breast cancers with low S14 do not survive transit from the LPL-rich mammary fat pad to areas devoid of LPL, such as lymph nodes, and thus do not appear as distant metastases. Thus, S14 is a marker for aggressive breast cancer and a potential target as well. Future effort will center on validation of S14 as a therapeutic target and producing antagonists of its action.
Clausal temporal resolution (2001)

In this article, we examine how clausal resolution can be applied to a specific, but widely used, nonclassical logic, namely discrete linear temporal logic. Thus, we first define a normal form for temporal formulae and show how arbitrary temporal formulae can be translated into the normal form, while preserving satisfiability. We then introduce novel resolution rules that can be applied to formulae in this normal form, provide a range of examples, and examine the correctness and complexity of this approach. Finally, we describe related work and future developments concerning this work.
Are UCH-L1 and GFAP promising biomarkers for children with mild traumatic brain injury? (2016)

GFAP may be a promising diagnostic tool for children with mTBI. Additional approaches are needed to predict symptom severity and persistence.
Ultrafast and Real-Time Nanoplasmonic On-Chip Polymerase Chain Reaction for Rapid and Quantitative Molecular Diagnostics (2021)

Advent and fast spread of pandemic diseases draw worldwide attention to rapid, prompt, and accurate molecular diagnostics with technical development of ultrafast polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Microfluidic on-chip PCR platforms provide highly efficient and small-volume bioassay for point-of-care diagnostic applications. Here we report ultrafast, real-time, and on-chip nanoplasmonic PCR for rapid and quantitative molecular diagnostics at point-of-care level. The plasmofluidic PCR chip comprises glass nanopillar arrays with Au nanoislands and gas-permeable microfluidic channels, which contain reaction microchamber arrays, a precharged vacuum cell, and a vapor barrier. The on-chip configuration allows both spontaneous sample loading and microbubble-free PCR reaction during which the plasmonic nanopillar arrays result in ultrafast photothermal cycling. After rapid sample loading less than 3 min, two-step PCR results for 40 cycles show rapid amplification in 264 s for lambda-DNA, and 306 s for plasmids expressing SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein. In addition, the <i>in situ</i> cyclic real-time quantification of amplicons clearly demonstrates the amplification efficiencies of more than 91%. This PCR platform can provide rapid point-of-care molecular diagnostics in helping slow the fast-spreading pandemic.
Syntaxin: A Synaptic Protein Implicated in Docking of Synaptic Vesicles at Presynaptic Active Zones (1992)

Synaptic vesicles store neurotransmitters that are released during calcium-regulated exocytosis. The specificity of neurotransmitter release requires the localization of both synaptic vesicles and calcium channels to the presynaptic active zone. Two 35-kilodalton proteins (p35 or syntaxins) were identified that interact with the synaptic vesicle protein p65 (synaptotagmin). The p35 proteins are expressed only in the nervous system, are 84 percent identical, include carboxyl-terminal membrane anchors, and are concentrated on the plasma membrane at synaptic sites. An antibody to p35 immunoprecipitated solubilized N-type calcium channels. The p35 proteins may function in docking synaptic vesicles near calcium channels at presynaptic active zones.
Gastroparesis carrying poor prognostic sign in Chinese patients with diabetes: a retrospective cohort study (2012)

The present study aims to investigate the prevalence, clinical and laboratory characteristics, management and outcomes of patients with diabetic gastropareis (DG). This was a retrospective cohort study. Patients diagnosed with DG were selected and each patient was paired with 3 randomly selected patients with diabetes (controls) based on initial site of enrollment of the cases. Their medical records were studied. Between 2001 and 2010, 39 patients (4 type 1; 18 males) had DG. They were associated with lower body mass index (20.1 vs. 22.9 kg/m2; p = 0.01), longer duration of diabetes (12.5 vs 6.6 years; p < 0.01), more insulin users (72.4 vs 23.1%; P < 0.01) and diabetic complications (retinopathy, 36.7 vs 22.8%, p = 0.04; nephropathy, 63.3 vs 43.9%, p < 0.02; autonomic neuropathy, 53.3 vs 8.8%, p < 0.01) compared to the controls. The common symptoms in patients with DG were nausea and vomiting (67.6%), epigastric pain (32.4%) and bloating (24.3%). Sixteen (41%) and 15 (38.5%) patients developed depression and complications [hematemesis in 5 (33.3%), ≥ 5% dehydration in 6 (40%) and insulin induced hypoglycemia in 6(40%)] respectively. All responded well to prokinetics without any adverse effects. Twenty four (70.6%) patients required lower dosage of antidiabetic regimen (p = 0.001) one year afterwards, together with the improvement of HbA1c (p < 0.01) and lipoprotein metabolism (p < 0.05). Nineteen (48.7%) patients needed hospitalization due to recurrence of gastroparetic symptoms (Mean time ΁ Standard deviation, 9.9 ΁ 5.7 months). Lastly, DG patients were associated with higher morbidities (mean number of hospitalization/year, 5.8 vs 1.3, p < 0.01; in-patient day/year, 33.9 vs 6.9 days, p < 0.01) and mortality (53.8 vs 28.2%, p < 0.01) compared to the controls. Gastroparesis is associated with higher morbidity and mortality among Chinese patients with diabetes.
Solid polymer electrolytes III: Preparation, characterization, and ionic conductivity of new gelled polymer electrolytes based on segmented, perfluoropolyether‐modified polyurethane (2002)

Abstract New segmented polyurethanes with perfluoropolyether (PFPE) and poly(ethylene oxide) blocks were synthesized from a fluorinated macrodiol mixed with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in different ratios as a soft segment, 2,4‐toluene diisocyanate as a hard segment, and ethylene glycol as a chain extender. Fourier transform infrared, NMR, and thermal analysis [differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)] were used to characterize the structures of these copolymers. The copolymer films were immersed in a liquid electrolyte (1 M LiClO 4 /propylene carbonate) to form gel‐type electrolytes. The ionic conductivities of these polymer electrolytes were investigated through changes in the copolymer composition and content of the liquid electrolyte. The relative molar ratio of PFPE and PEG in the copolymer played an important role in the conductivity and the capacity to retain the liquid electrolyte solution. The copolymer with a 50/50 PFPE/PEG ratio, having the lowest decomposition temperature shown by TGA, exhibited the highest ionic conductivity and lowest activation energy for ion transportation. The conductivities of these systems were about 10 −3 S cm −1 at room temperature and 10 −2 S cm −1 at 70 °C; the films immersed in the liquid electrolyte with an increase of 70 wt % were homogenous with good mechanical properties. © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 486–495, 2002; DOI 10.1002/pola.10119
Assessingin vitrocombinations of antifungal drugs against yeasts and filamentous fungi: comparison of different drug interaction models (2005)

Non-parametric and parametric approaches of two competing zero-interaction theories--the Loewe additivity and the Bliss independence - were evaluated for analyzing the in vitro interactions of various antifungal drugs. Fifty-one data sets, derived from three drug combinations, tested in triplicate against 17 clinical yeast and mold isolates with a two-dimensional checkerboard microdilution technique, were selected to span from strong synergy to strong antagonism. These were analyzed with the standard FIC index model and modern concentration-effect response surface models: the fully parametric model developed by Greco et al. and the 3-D analysis developed by Prichard et al. The FIC index model is subjective, sensitive to experimental errors and resulted in approximated results and variable conclusions depending on the MIC endpoints determined and interpretation endpoints used. By using the MIC-2 endpoint (lowest drug concentration showing 50% of growth) for calculating the FIC indices, problems due to trailing phenomena were reduced and weak interactions could be detected; higher levels of reproducibility and agreement with the other models were achieved using the MIC-0 and MIC-1 (lowest drug concentration showing 10 and 25% of growth, respectively). High reproducibility was achieved in interpreting the FIC indices when the cutoffs of 0.25 and 4 (for single experiments) and the cutoff of 1 (for replicates) were used for defining the limits of additivity/indifference. Although the fully parametric Greco model did not describe precisely the entire response surface of all antifungal drug interactions, it was able to differentiate synergistic from non-synergistic interactions with a non-unit, reproducible, concentration-independent interaction parameter, including its uncertainty, without requiring replication. The Bliss independence based models resulted in mosaics of synergistic and antagonistic combinations, raising questions about the concentration-dependent nature of antifungal drug interaction. The sum of all statistically significant interactions were used as a summary interaction parameter for the entire response surface, concluding synergy or antagonism when it was positive or negative, respectively. The cutoffs of 100% and 200% were used to distinguish weak and moderate interactions, respectively in 12-16 x 8-12 checkerboard formats. Semi-parametric approaches need particular care as experimental errors are not eliminated from the entire response surface.