gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel strategies for Alzheimer's disease treatment (2007)

Considerable progress has been made in recent years towards better understanding the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a dementing neurodegenerative disorder that affects > 10 million individuals in the US and Europe combined. Recent studies suggest that alterations in the processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP), resulting in the accumulation of amyloid-beta protein (Abeta) and the formation of oligomers leads to synaptic damage and neurodegeneration. Therefore, strategies for treatment development have been focused on reducing Abeta accumulation using, among other approaches, antiaggregation molecules, regulators of the APP proteolysis and processing, reducing APP production (e.g., small-interfering RNA), and increasing Abeta clearance with antibodies, apolipoprotein E and Abeta-degrading enzymes (e.g., neprilysin). The main focus of this review is on novel treatments for AD with a special emphasis on delivering neuroprotective and antiamyloidogenic molecules by gene therapy and by promoting neurogenesis.
Cell surface galectin-3 defines a subset of chemoresistant gastrointestinal tumor-initiating cancer cells with heightened stem cell characteristics (2016)

Recurrence of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas after surgery and chemotherapy may be attributed, in part, to the presence of a small population of tumor-initiating cancer stem cells (CSC). The expression of galectin-3 (Gal3), a multifunctional oncolectin, has been associated with biological behaviors associated with CSC. We examined the ability of Gal3 to characterize the CSC phenotype, and to identify a clinically important gastrointestinal cancer CSC population. Human colorectal and pancreatic cancer cell lines were sorted to identify subpopulations expressing commonly used CSC markers, and Gal3-positive CSC subpopulations. The association of Gal3 with the stem cell properties and alterations of these phenotypes by manipulation of Gal3 expression was examined. Gastrointestinal cancer cell lines contain both Gal3-positive and Gal3-negative subpopulations. Gal3-positive CSCs are characterized by high ALDH activity, enhanced self-renewal ability in vitro (sphere formation) and tumor forming ability in vivo, and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and death-receptor-mediated apoptosis compared to Gal3-negative CSCs. Silencing Gal3 modifies this behavior. Cell surface Gal3 expression identifies a subset of CSCs in gastrointestinal cancers with high levels of stem cell characteristics, including chemoresistance. This may provide a platform for developing treatment strategies that target CSC.
An Insight on Small Molecule Induced Foot-Print Free Naive Pluripotent Stem Cells in Livestock (2015)

Bona fide embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines from livestock species have been challenging to derive and maintain, contrasting mouse and human ESCs. However, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) generated by reprogramming somatic cells tender an option, as they display characteristic features of ESC. The comprehension that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) could be created with in no time also holds the potential of allowing pluripotent cells to be derived from animal models vital in biomedical research. Endeavors to produce bona fide pluripotent stem cells (PSC) from livestock have been going on for more than two decades. But, attempts to derive bona fide livestock iPS cells have met with limited success. Recently it’s been reported that small molecules can augment reprogramming efficiency and may be used to substitute few or all transcription factors used for reprogramming. It is assumed that the reprogramming factors are conserved among species, and this small molecule reprogramming approach will probably apply to livestock species as well. So this review will focus mainly on the accomplishments of small molecules on accelerating cell reprogramming and obtaining naive pluripotency, and raise a new insight on, exogenous genes free, livestock naive iPSC generation with a new bullet, small molecule.
Electronic Properties of Nitrogen-Atom-Adsorbed Graphene Nanoribbons With Armchair Edges (2009)

Using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory, we systematically study adsorption of nitrogen atom on graphene nanoribbons with armchair edges (AGNRs). It is found that the N atom prefers to be adsorbed at the edge. The adsorption mechanism is discussed from the strong hybridization between the electron states in both N adatom and AGNR. It is also exhibited that the ¿ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p-d</sub> molecular bands appear in the electronic structures. For some AGNRs, the electronic structures are spin-polarized, in which the ¿ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p-d</sub> molecular bands are split off. However, other AGNRs are spin-unpolarized, which can be turned into p-type AGNRs. These results indicate that the properties of AGNRs can be strongly modified through the adsorption of N atom.
Comparison of Magnetic Properties of MRI Contrast Media Solutions at Different Magnetic Field Strengths (2005)

Awareness of the field strength and solvent associated with relaxivity data is crucial for the comparison and evaluation of relaxivity values. Data observed at 0.47 T can thus be misleading and should be replaced by relaxivities measured at 1.5 T and at 3 T in plasma at physiological temperature.
Diuretics--chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine (1983)

Diuretics--chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine , Diuretics--chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
On codes derivable from the tensor product of check matrices (1965)

A class of codes is described having check matrices which are the tensor product of the check matrices of known nonbinary codes and binary codes. The error-correction, error-detection, and error-location capabilities of these codes are specified in terms of the properties of the component codes. The construction procedure allows for a class of codes with a wide variety of redundancies and error-control capabilities. Examples are given of codes from this class which correct random bursts of errors and bursts of bursts of errors.
Offshore underbalanced drilling system could revive field developments. Part 2: Making this valuable reservoir drilling/completion technique work on a conventional offshore drilling platform (1997)

Part 1, presented in the July issue, discussed the emerging trend to move underbalanced drilling (UBD) operations into the offshore arena, following its successful application in many onshore areas. This concluding article delves into the details of applying UBD offshore. Starting with advantages the technique offers in many maturing or complex/marginal prospects, the UBD system for offshore platforms use is described. This involves conversion of the conventional rotary system, use of rotating diverters, design of the surface fluid separation system and the necessary gas (nitrogen or natural gas) injection system to lighten the fluid column. Commonly faced operational challenges for offshore UBD are listed along with recommended solutions.
The ALOHA system (1974)

article Free Access Share on The ALOHA system Author: F. F. Kuo University of Hawaii University of HawaiiView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication ReviewVolume 4Issue 1January 1974 pp 5–8https://doi.org/10.1145/1015630.1015632Published:01 January 1974Publication History 7citation367DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations7Total Downloads367Last 12 Months98Last 6 weeks22 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
A Radioimmunoassay to Measure Cyclosporin a in Plasma and Serum Samples (1981)

A radioimmunoassay for the immunosuppressant drug Cyclosporin A has been developed which makes possible the monitoring of the drug by direct measurements in clinical plasma and serum samples. The antisera have been produced in rabbits using the hemisuccinate derivative of a structural analogue of Cyclosporin A as a hapten. The assay has both adequate specificity and sensitivity for Cyclosporin A to be suitable for the routine monitoring of therapy. Some degree of cross-reactivity has been shown to occur with four metabolites which were isolated from urine samples.
Invasive Ability of an Escherichia coli Strain Isolated from the Ileal Mucosa of a Patient with Crohn’s Disease (1999)

Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease in which Escherichia coli strains have been suspected of being involved. We demonstrated previously that ileal lesions of CD are colonized by E. coli strains able to adhere to intestinal Caco-2 cells but devoid of the virulence genes so far described in the pathogenic E. coli strains involved in gastrointestinal infections. In the present study we compared the invasive ability of one of these strains isolated from an ileal biopsy of a patient with CD, strain LF82, with that of reference enteroinvasive (EIEC), enteropathogenic (EPEC), enterotoxigenic (ETEC), enteraggregative (EAggEC), enterohemorrhagic (EHEC), and diffusely adhering (DAEC) E. coli strains. Gentamicin protection assays showed that E. coli LF82 was able to efficiently invade HEp-2 cells. Its invasive level was not significantly different from that of EIEC and EPEC strains (P > 0.5) but significantly higher than that of ETEC (P < 0.03), EHEC (P < 0. 005), EAggEC (P < 0.004) and DAEC (P < 0.02) strains. Strain LF82 also demonstrated efficient ability to invade intestinal epithelial cultured Caco-2, Intestine-407, and HCT-8 cells. Electron microscopy examination of infected HEp-2 cells revealed the presence of numerous intracellular bacteria located in vacuoles or free in the host cell cytoplasm. In addition, the interaction of strain LF82 with epithelial cells was associated with the elongation of microvillar extensions that extruded from the host cell membranes and engulfed the bacteria. This internalization mechanism strongly resembles Salmonella- or Shigella-induced macropinocytosis. The use of cytochalasin D and colchicine showed that the uptake of strain LF82 by HEp-2 cells was mediated by both an actin microfilament-dependent mechanism and microtubule involvement. In addition, strain LF82 survived for at least 24 h in HEp-2 and Intestine-407 cells and efficiently replicated intracellularly in HEp-2 cells. PCR and hybridization experiments did not reveal the presence of any of the genetic determinants encoding EIEC, EPEC, or ETEC proteins involved in bacterial invasion. Thus, these findings show that LF82, which colonized the ileal mucosa of a patient with CD, is a true invasive E. coli strain and suggest the existence of a new potentially pathogenic group of E. coli, which we propose be designated adherent-invasive E. coli.
Mechanisms of action of and resistance to ciprofloxacin. (1987)

Ciprofloxacin and other newer quinolone antimicrobial agents exhibit increased potency and decreased frequency of spontaneous bacterial resistance in comparison with older analogues such as nalidixic acid. New and published observations on the mechanisms of action of and resistance to ciprofloxacin in Escherichia coli are presented and discussed. Genetic and biochemical studies have identified the A subunit of the essential bacterial enzyme DNA gyrase as a target of ciprofloxacin and other quinolones. For a series of quinolones, inhibition of purified DNA gyrase correlated with antibacterial activity. The bactericidal activity of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin is, in contrast to that of certain other quinolones, somewhat less affected by rifampin and cell starvation, suggesting the existence of a site of drug action in addition to DNA gyrase. The frequency of selection of spontaneous single-step resistance mutants of E. coli was more than 100-fold lower with ciprofloxacin than with nalidixic acid. Strains highly resistant to ciprofloxacin could, nevertheless, be selected by serial passage on drug-containing agar. Two mutations contributing to this high level of resistance were analyzed. One, designated cfxA, conferred a 16-fold increase in drug resistance and mapped in a location consistent with a gyrA mutation; similar increases in resistance to ciprofloxacin were seen with gyrA mutations selected for resistance to other quinolones. The other mutation, cfxB, conferred pleiotropic resistance to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol and appeared to be an allele of the multiple antibiotic resistance gene marA. The mutation cfxB was associated with a decreased amount of porin outer membrane protein OmpF, suggesting that drug permeation may occur in part through this channel. In summary, the A subunit of DNA gyrase is a target of ciprofloxacin and other quinolones. Ciprofloxacin resistance appears to occur both by mutation in this target and by alteration of drug permeation through the outer membrane of the cell.
A novel human recombinant single-chain antibody targeting CD166/ALCAM inhibits cancer cell invasion in vitro and in vivo tumour growth (2010)

Screening a phage-display single-chain antibody library for binding to the breast cancer cell line PM-1 an antibody, scFv173, recognising activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM, CD166) was isolated and its binding profile was characterized. Positive ALCAM immunohistochemical staining of frozen human tumour sections was observed. No ALCAM staining was observed in the majority of tested normal human tissues (nine of ten). Flow cytometry analyses revealed binding to 22 of 26 cancer cell lines of various origins and no binding to normal blood and bone marrow cells. Antibody binding inhibited invasion of the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 by 50% in an in vitro Matrigel-coated membrane invasion assay. Reduced growth of tumours in nude mice was observed in an in vivo model in which the mice were injected subcutaneously with colorectal carcinoma HCT 116 cells and treated with scFv173 when compared to control. In summary, we have characterized a novel fully human scFv antibody recognising ALCAM on cancer cells and in tumour tissues that reduces cancer cell invasion and tumour growth in accordance with the hypothesised role for ALCAM in cell growth and migration control.
Immunoblotting Reveals Differences in the Accumulation of Envelope Protein by Wild-type and Vaccine Strains of Yellow Fever Virus (1989)

Seventeen strains of yellow fever virus were compared by immunoblotting using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. Strains originating in South America were readily distinguishable from African strains on the basis of differences in the envelope protein. The 17D vaccine strain and strains derived from it differed radically from the parent Asibi and other wild-type strains in that cells infected with 17D did not accumulate intact envelope protein. We suggest that failure to accumulate the major viral surface protein is due to its increased susceptibility to breakdown and that this property may be a contributing factor in the attenuation of the vaccine strains.
Design and Evaluation of FPGA-based Hybrid Physically Unclonable Functions (2013)

A Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) is a new and promising approach to provide security for physical systems and to address the problems associated with traditional approaches. One of the most important performance metrics of a PUF is the randomness of its generated response, which is presented via uniqueness, uniformity, and bit-aliasing. In this study, we implement three known PUF schemes on an FPGA platform, namely SR Latch PUF, Basic RO PUF, and Anderson PUF. We then perform a thorough statistical analysis on their performance. In addition, we propose the idea of the Hybrid PUF structure in which two (or more) sources of randomness are combined in a way to improve randomness. We investigate two methods in combining the sources of randomness and we show that the second one improves the randomness of the response, significantly. For example, in the case of combining the Basic RO PUF and the Anderson PUF, the Hybrid PUF uniqueness is increased nearly 8%, without any pre-processing or post-processing tasks required. Two main categories of applications for PUFs have been introduced and analyzed: authentication and secret key generation. In this study, we introduce another important application for PUFs. In fact, we develop a secret sharing scheme using a PUF to increase the information rate and provide cheater detection capability for the system. We show that, using the proposed method, the information rate of the secret sharing scheme will improve significantly.
Nervous control of pancreatic endocrine secretion in pigs (1981)

The increases in the concentrations of insulin and pancreatic glucagon in portal venous and arterial plasma in response to electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves were studied in anesthetized splanchnicotomized young pigs. The responses were frequence dependent; threshold frequency was below 1 Hz and maximum response was reached at 8-12 Hz. With maximal stimulation responses of magnitudes comparable to the responses to maximal arginine (glucagon) and glucose stimulation (insulin) were observed. However, both the insulin and the glucagon response were critically dependent on the blood glucose concentration during the stimulation: the glucagon response was inversely correlated to blood glucose, whereas the insulin response was positively correlated to blood glucose at concentrations above 4.5 mmol . 1(-1). Below this glucose concentration there was no detectable insulin response and above 8.0 mmol . 1(-1) no glucagon response to vagal stimulation. A stimulated secretion of glucagon as well as insulin was maintained for up to 30 min stimulation, but insulin secretion tended to decrease, whereas glucagon secretion tended to increase. Above blood glucose concentrations of 4 mmol . 1(-1), blood glucose concentrations increased slightly in response to vagal stimulation, whereas no change was noted during stimulations performed at lower blood glucose concentrations.
Projection X-Space Magnetic Particle Imaging (2012)

Projection magnetic particle imaging (MPI) can improve imaging speed by over 100-fold over traditional 3-D MPI. In this work, we derive the 2-D x-space signal equation, 2-D image equation, and introduce the concept of signal fading and resolution loss for a projection MPI imager. We then describe the design and construction of an x-space projection MPI scanner with a field gradient of 2.35 T/m across a 10 cm magnet free bore. The system has an expected resolution of 3.5 × 8.0 mm using Resovist tracer, and an experimental resolution of 3.8 × 8.4 mm resolution. The system images 2.5 cm × 5.0 cm partial field-of views (FOVs) at 10 frames/s, and acquires a full field-of-view of 10 cm × 5.0 cm in 4 s. We conclude by imaging a resolution phantom, a complex "Cal" phantom, mice injected with Resovist tracer, and experimentally confirm the theoretically predicted x-space spatial resolution.
Modulation by IL-2 of CD70 and CD27 Expression on CD8+ T Cells: Importance for the Therapeutic Effectiveness of Cell Transfer Immunotherapy (2006)

Proper T cell function relies on the integration of signals delivered by Ag, cytokine, and costimulatory receptors. In this study, the interactions between IL-2, CD27, and its ligand CD70 and their effects on human T cell function were examined. Unstimulated CD8(+) T cells expressed relatively low levels of CD70 and high levels of CD27. Incubation in vitro with high doses of IL-2 (3,000 IU/ml) or administration of IL-2 in vivo resulted in substantial up-regulation of CD70 expression and the concomitant loss of cell surface CD27 expression on CD8(+) cells. Withdrawal of IL-2 from activated CD8(+) T cells that had been maintained in IL-2 resulted in a reversal of the expression of these two markers, whereas reciprocal changes were seen following treatment of PBMCs with IL-2. The proliferation observed in cells stimulated with IL-2 primarily occurred in a subset of the CD70(+)CD8(+) T cells that up-regulated IL-2 receptor expression but did not occur in CD70(-)CD8(+) T cells. Blocking CD70 resulted in a significant reduction of T cell proliferation induced by high-dose IL-2, indicating that the interaction of CD70 with CD27 played a direct role in T cell activation mediated by IL-2. Finally, studies conducted on tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) samples that were administered to melanoma patients indicated that the size of the pool of CD27(+)CD8(+) T cells in bulk TILs was highly associated (p = 0.004) with the ability of these TILs to mediate tumor regression following adoptive transfer.
Micropatterning and characterization of electrospun poly(ε‐caprolactone)/gelatin nanofiber tissue scaffolds by femtosecond laser ablation for tissue engineering applications (2010)

Experimental investigations aimed at assessing the effectiveness of femtosecond (FS) laser ablation for creating microscale features on electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/gelatin nanofiber tissue scaffold capable of controlling cell distribution are described. Statistical comparisons of the fiber diameter and surface porosity on laser-machined and as-spun surface were made and results showed that laser ablation did not change the fiber surface morphology. The minimum feature size that could be created on electrospun nanofiber surfaces by direct-write ablation was measured over a range of laser pulse energies. The minimum feature size that could be created was limited only by the pore size of the scaffold surface. The chemical states of PCL/gelatin nanofiber surfaces were measured before and after FS laser machining by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and showed that laser machining produced no changes in the chemistry of the surface. In vitro, mouse embryonic stem cells (mES cells) were cultured on as-spun surfaces and in laser-machined microwells. Cell densities were found to be statistically indistinguishable after 1 and 2 days of growth. Additionally, confocal microscope imaging confirmed that spreading of mES cells cultured within laser-machined microwells was constrained by the cavity walls, the expected and desired function of these cavities. The geometric constraint caused statistically significant smaller density of cells in microwells after 3 days of growth. It was concluded that FS laser ablation is an effective process for microscale structuring of these electrospun nanofiber tissue scaffold surfaces.
Secretory phospholipase A2 activity correlates with postinjury multiple organ failure (2001)

We conclude that increased sPLA2 activity is associated with the development of postinjury MOF.