gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning and Sequence Analysis of the Human MG160, a Fibroblast Growth Factor and E-Selectin Binding Membrane Sialoglycoprotein of the Golgi Apparatus (1996)

The amino acid sequence of MG160, a membrane sialoglycoprotein of the medial cisternae of the rat Golgi apparatus, is more than 90% identical with CFR, a fibroblast growth factor (FGF) binding protein of chicken membranes, and with ESL-1, a ligand for E-selectin of plasma membranes of myeloid cells; furthermore, MG160, isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography from rat brain membranes, binds to basic FGF. The gene for MG160 has been assigned to human chromosome 16q22-23. To characterize this protein further in the human, its cDNA was cloned and sequenced. The protein has a large luminal domain composed of an initial proline-glutamine-rich segment, encoded by an uninterrupted exonic sequence of several CAG-CAA repeats. Expansion of CAG repeats has been implicated in the etiology of several neurodegenerative diseases. The proline-glutamine-rich segment is followed by 16 cysteine-rich repeats that contain five potential asparagine-linked glycosylation sites, which are conserved in the human, rat, mouse, and chicken. The large intralumenal domain of the protein is followed by a single transmembrane domain and a 13-amino-acid cytoplasmic carboxy-terminal tail, which is identical to that in the chicken, rat, and mouse. The overall amino acid identifies between MG160, CFR, and ESL-1 range from 88% to 95%. In several human fetal and adult tissues, three mRNA transcripts for MG160 of 10 kb, 5 kb, and 3.8 kb were identified by Northern blot analysis of poly(A)-selected mRNAs. These transcripts may represent alternatively spliced mRNAs of the protein or mRNAs encoding closely related proteins of the Golgi apparatus and/or plasma membranes.
A randomized comparison of three bivalent Streptococcus pneumoniae glycoprotein conjugate vaccines in young children (1994)

Because most childhood invasive pneumococcal disease occurs before the age of 2 years, the development of a pneumococcal vaccine that is immunogenic in infants is a priority. We assessed the safety and serum antibody responses to two dose levels of three bivalent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (CPS)-protein conjugate vaccines incorporating the poorly immunogenic serotypes 6A and 23F. The conjugate vaccines differed in CPS size and chemical linkage, but all used a nontoxic cross-reactive mutant diphtheria toxin (CRM197) as the protein carrier. 118 young children 18 to 30 months of age received a single immunization with one of the three glycoconjugates or with licensed pneumococcal vaccine. Sera were obtained before and 1 month after immunization and analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serotype-specific antibody titers. The 23F CPS was more immunogenic than the 6A CPS in all vaccine formats. The most immunogenic 23F conjugate vaccine consisted of native CPS directly linked to the carrier protein; smaller CPS or the use of a six-carbon linker did not appear to enhance immunogenicity in these young children. Conjugation of two pneumococcal CPSs is associated with an increase in immunogenicity, and the characteristics of the CPS and of the CPS-protein linkage appear to influence the antibody response.
Isolation and Characterization of Mouse High-glycine/Tyrosine Proteins (1997)

During hair follicle differentiation, several families of keratin proteins are synthesized sequentially. In the present study, cDNA clones encoding six members of mouse high-glycine/tyrosine protein were isolated by screening a cDNA library prepared from the mouse skin of an anagen phase with a differential hybridization technique. On the basis of their nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences, they were found to encode two members of high-glycine/tyrosine protein type I and four of type II. Interestingly, one of the four type II proteins had been encoded by two distinct cDNAs. Among the cDNA clones isolated were included the ones encoding a new member of type I and II protein, respectively, which possessed an entire open reading frame. Novel type II protein, termed type II.4, with a molecular mass of 15,130 Da was revealed to have significant direct repeats and a cysteine residue at the carboxyl terminus, which indicates that this protein has characteristics intermediate between high-glycine/tyrosine proteins and cysteine-rich proteins. In addition, the new member of type I protein has some features common with type II protein. We propose to term this protein type Ialpha until it is further characterized. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that gene expression of mouse high-glycine/tyrosine proteins followed the hair cycle growth fundamentally and reached its peak at day 9 in the first hair cycle, while two peaks of their expression were observed at day 33 and day 39 in the second cycle. Their transcripts were expressed in the cortical cells of hair follicles but not in the cells of the outer root sheath, inner root sheath, or medulla. Moreover, their gene expression commenced at different levels in cortical cells. The novel findings that each gene is activated transcriptionally with a distinct expression pattern spatially and temporally suggest that there is a remarkable difference in the distribution of these proteins in hair.
New Sesquiterpene Lactones from Elephantopus mollis and Their Leishmanicidal Activities (2001)

The leishmanicidal compounds isolated from whole plants of Elephantopus mollis H.B.K. were identified as follows. Three new sesquiterpenoid lactones, 2,5-epoxy-2beta-hydroxy-8alpha-(2-methylpropenoyloxy)-4(15),10(14),11(13)-germacratrien-12,6alpha-olide, (4betaH)-8alpha-(2-methylpropenoyloxy)-2-oxo-1(5),10(14), 11(13)-guaiatrien-12,6alpha-olide and (4betaH)-5alpha-hydroxy-8alpha-(2-methylpropenoyloxy)-1(10),11(13)-guaiadiene-12,6alpha-olide, were isolated from Peruvian and Brazilian collections together with four known sesquiterpenoids, molephantin, elephantopin, isoelephantopin and 2-deethoxy-2beta-methoxyphantomolin. They exhibited potent in vitro leishmanicidal activities against Leishmania major. The alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone moiety was found to be essential to the potent leishmanicidal effect observed.
Effect of fenugreek seeds on blood glucose and serum lipids in type I diabetes. (1990)

The effect of fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum graecum) on blood glucose and the serum lipid profile was evaluated in insulin-dependent (Type I) diabetic patients. Isocaloric diets with and without fenugreek were each given randomly for 10 d. Defatted fenugreek seed powder (100 g), divided into two equal doses, was incorporated into the diet and served during lunch and dinner. The fenugreek diet significantly reduced fasting blood sugar and improved the glucose tolerance test. There was a 54 per cent reduction in 24-h urinary glucose excretion. Serum total cholesterol, LDL and VLDL cholesterol and triglycerides were also significantly reduced. The HDL cholesterol fraction, however, remained unchanged. These results indicate the usefulness of fenugreek seeds in the management of diabetes.
Early Complement Activation and Decreased Levels of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Complement Inhibitors in Human and Experimental Diabetic Retinopathy (2002)

Diabetic retinal microangiopathy is characterized by increased permeability, leukostasis, microthrombosis, and apoptosis of capillary cells, all of which could be caused or compounded by activation of complement. In this study, we observed deposition of C5b-9, the terminal product of complement activation, in the wall of retinal vessels of human eye donors with 9 +/- 3 years of type 2 diabetes, but not in the vessels of age-matched nondiabetic donors. C5b-9 often colocalized with von Willebrand factor in luminal endothelium. C1q and C4, the complement components unique to the classical pathway, were not detected in the diabetic retinas, suggesting that C5b-9 was generated via the alternative pathway, the spontaneous activation of which is regulated by complement inhibitors. The diabetic donors showed a prominent reduction in the retinal levels of CD55 and CD59, the two complement inhibitors linked to the plasma membrane by glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors, but not in the levels of transmembrane CD46. Similar complement activation in retinal vessels and selective reduction in the levels of retinal CD55 and CD59 were observed in rats with a 10-week duration of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Thus, diabetes causes defective regulation of complement inhibitors and complement activation that precede most other manifestations of diabetic retinal microangiopathy. These are novel clues for probing how diabetes affects and damages vascular cells.
How can thermal processing modify the antigenicity of proteins? (2001)

This paper is a brief review of thermally induced covalent modifications to proteins in foods, focussing mainly on the advanced glycation end-products (AGE) of the Maillard reaction. Most foods are subjected to thermal processing, either in the home or during their production/manufacture. Thermal processing provides many beneficial effects, but also brings about major changes in allergenicity. Far from being a general way to decrease allergenic risk, thermal processing is as likely to increase allergenicity as to reduce it, through the introduction of neoantigens. These changes are highly complex and not easily predictable, but there are a number of major chemical pathways that lead to distinct patterns of modification. Perhaps the most important of these is through the reaction of protein amino groups with sugars, leading to an impressive cocktail of AGE-modified protein derivatives. These are antigenic and many of the important neoantigens found in cooked or stored foods are probably such Maillard reaction products. A deeper understanding of thermally induced chemical changes is essential for more advanced risk assessments, more effective QC protocols, production of more relevant diagnostic allergen extracts and the development of novel protein engineering and therapeutic approaches to minimise allergenic risk.
Transient and stable complementation of ultraviolet repair in xeroderma pigmentosum cells by the denV gene of bacteriophage T4. (1987)

In this paper we report both transient and stable complementation of pyrimidine dimer repair in xeroderma pigmentosum cells by the denV gene of bacteriophage T4, coding for endonuclease V, a dimer-specific DNA glycosylase. Cotransfection with pRSVdenV in SV40-transformed XP12RO(M1) cells (complementation group A) restored transient expression of an indicator plasmid (pRSVcat) bearing a UV-inactivated chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene. In addition, XP12RO(M1) clones stably transformed by pRSVdenV-SVgpt expressed transient chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity when transfected with UV-inactivated pRSVcat plasmid. These clones also showed partial restoration of colony forming ability and excision repair synthesis after UV irradiation. Immunofluorescence, using an endonuclease V polyclonal antibody, showed the presence of the phage glycosylase in stably transformed xeroderma pigmentosum cells. The cotransfection assay affords a rapid, sensitive procedure to screen for functional cloned DNA repair genes and to test mutant cells for the deficiency of specific steps in DNA repair, such as incision.
Isolation of Components of the Chloroplast Protein Import Machinery (1994)

Components of the protein import machinery of the chloroplast were isolated by a procedure in which the import machinery was engaged in vitro with a tagged import substrate under conditions that yielded largely chloroplast envelope-bound import intermediates. Subsequent detergent solubilization of envelope membranes showed that six envelope polypeptides copurified specifically and, apparently, stoichiometrically with the import intermediates. Four of these polypeptides are components of the outer membrane import machinery and are associated with early import intermediates. Two of these polypeptides have been characterized. One is a homolog of the heat shock protein hsp70; the other one is a channel-protein candidate.
Magnetic Tunnel Junctions for Spintronic Memories and Beyond (2007)

In this paper, recent developments in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are reported with their potential impacts on integrated circuits. MTJs consist of two metal ferromagnets separated by a thin insulator and exhibit two resistances, low (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> ) or high (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ap</sub> ) depending on the relative direction of ferromagnet magnetizations, parallel (P) or antiparallel (AP), respectively. Tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) ratios, defined as (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ap</sub> $R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> )/R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> as high as 361%, have been obtained in MTJs with Co <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">40</sub> Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">40</sub> B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sub> fixed and free layers made by sputtering with an industry-standard exchange-bias structure and post deposition annealing at Ta = 400 degC. The corresponding output voltage swing DeltaV is over 500 mV, which is five times greater than that of the conventional amorphous Al-O-barrier MTJs. The highest TMR ratio obtained so far is 500% in a pseudospin-valve MTJ annealed at Ta = 475 degC, showing a high potential of the current material system. In addition to this high-output voltage swing, current-induced magnetization switching (CIMS) takes place at the critical current densities (J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CO</sub> ) on the order of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in these MgO-barrier MTJs. Furthermore, high antiferromagnetic coupling between the two CoFeB layers in a synthetic ferrimagnetic free layer has been shown to result in a high thermal-stability factor with a reduced J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CO</sub> compared to single free-layer MTJs. The high TMR ratio enabled by the MgO-barrier MTJs, together with the demonstration of CIMS at a low J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CO</sub> , allows development of not only scalable magnetoresistive random-access memory with feature sizes below 90 nm but also new memory-in-logic CMOS circuits that can overcome a number of bottlenecks in the current integrated-circuit architecture
Quantitative Investigation of Connections of the Prefrontal Cortex in the Human and Macaque using Probabilistic Diffusion Tractography (2005)

The functions of prefrontal cortex (PFC) areas are constrained by their anatomical connections. There is little quantitative information about human PFC connections, and, instead, our knowledge of primate PFC connections is derived from tracing studies in macaques. The connections of subcortical areas, in which white matter penetration and hence diffusion anisotropy are greatest, can be studied with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) tractography. We therefore used DWI tractography in four macaque and 10 human hemispheres to compare the connections of PFC regions with nine subcortical regions, including several fascicles and several subcortical nuclei. A distinct connection pattern was identified for each PFC and each subcortical region. Because some of the fascicles contained connections with posterior cortical areas, it was also possible to draw inferences about PFC connection patterns with posterior cortical areas. Notably, it was possible to identify similar circuits centered on comparable PFC regions in both species; PFC regions probably engage in similar patterns of regionally specific functional interaction with other brain areas in both species. In the case of one area traditionally assigned to the human PFC, the pars opercularis, the distribution of connections was not reminiscent of any macaque PFC region but, instead, resembled the pattern for macaque ventral premotor area. Some limitations to the DWI approach were apparent; the high diffusion anisotropy in the corpus callosum made it difficult to compare connection probability values in the adjacent cingulate region.
Activation of IFN pathways and plasmacytoid dendritic cell recruitment in target organs of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (2006)

Gene expression analysis of target organs might help provide new insights into the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. We used global gene expression profiling of minor salivary glands to identify patterns of gene expression in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), a common and prototypic systemic autoimmune disease. Gene expression analysis allowed for differentiating most patients with pSS from controls. The expression of 23 genes in the IFN pathways, including two Toll-like receptors (TLR8 and TLR9), was significantly different between patients and controls. Furthermore, the increased expression of IFN-inducible genes, BAFF and IFN-induced transmembrane protein 1, was also demonstrated in ocular epithelial cells by quantitative RT-PCR. In vitro activation showed that these genes were effectively modulated by IFNs in salivary gland epithelial cells, the target cells of autoimmunity in pSS. The activation of IFN pathways led us to investigate whether plasmacytoid dendritic cells were recruited in salivary glands. These IFN-producing cells were detected by immunohistochemistry in all patients with pSS, whereas none was observed in controls. In conclusion, our results support the pathogenic interaction between the innate and adaptive immune system in pSS. The persistence of the IFN signature might be related to a vicious circle, in which the environment interacts with genetic factors to drive the stimulation of salivary TLRs.
The Intersection Between Aging and Cardiovascular Disease (2012)

The average lifespan of humans is increasing, and with it the percentage of people entering the 65 and older age group is growing rapidly and will continue to do so in the next 20 years. Within this age group, cardiovascular disease will remain the leading cause of death, and the cost associated with treatment will continue to increase. Aging is an inevitable part of life and unfortunately poses the largest risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Although numerous studies in the cardiovascular field have considered both young and aged humans, there are still many unanswered questions as to how the genetic pathways that regulate aging in model organisms influence cardiovascular aging. Likewise, in the molecular biology of aging field, few studies fully assess the role of these aging pathways in cardiovascular health. Fortunately, this gap is beginning to close, and these two fields are merging together. We provide an overview of some of the key genes involved in regulating lifespan and health span, including sirtuins, AMP-activated protein kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 and their roles regulating cardiovascular health. We then discuss a series of review articles that will appear in succession and provide a more comprehensive analysis of studies carried out linking genes of aging and cardiovascular health, and perspectives of future directions of these two intimately linked fields.
Guanine nucleotide binding protein β 1: a novel transduction protein with a possible role in human breast cancer. (2013)

These observations may suggest that GNB1 plays an important role in the mTOR-related anti-apoptosis pathway and can potentially be targeted in the treatment of human breast cancer.
GESTIONE INTEGRATA DEI CANALI DI ACCESSO AI PORTI PERLA SALVAGUARDIA DEL LITORALE (2008)

La gestione oculata della costa a livello regionale vorrebbe che il materiale dragato dai canali di accesso ai porti venisse riutilizzato a scopo di ripascimento. La pianificazione di questo intervento è particolarmente problematica, soprattutto dove il trasporto solido lungo riva può invertire direzione. Al fine di consentire una previsione in tempi brevi dell'evoluzione del fondale, questa nota definisce alcuni criteri finalizzati ad anticipare la possibilità di un'interruzione dell'officiosità del porto, sulla base di simulazioni 2DH morfologiche da effettuare a priori. Ci si propone inoltre di fornire delle indicazioni sulla efficacia di un eventuale posizionamento del materiale di ripascimento nella parte sommersa della spiaggia, realizzabile con costi più contenuti rispetto alla stesa in battigia.
A role for Wnt-4 in renal fibrosis (2002)

Wnt-4 is a secreted glycoprotein that is critical for genitourinary development but found only in the most distal collecting duct epithelium in the normal murine adult kidney. Wnt4 expression is induced throughout the collecting ducts in four murine models of renal injury that produce tubulointerstitial fibrosis: folic acid-induced nephropathy, unilateral ureteral obstruction, renal needle puncture, and genetic polycystic kidney disease. Wnt4 activation induced by injury is limited to collecting ducts, with initial activation in the collecting duct epithelium followed by activation in fibrotic lesions surrounding the collecting ducts. The highest cellular Wnt4 expression is in interstitial fibroblasts in the fibrotic lesions that also express high levels of collagen-alpha1(I) mRNA and alpha-smooth muscle actin. In support of a functional role for Wnt-4 in these activated myofibroblasts, Wnt-4 induces stabilization of cytosolic beta-catenin in a cultured myofibroblast cell line. Furthermore, Wnt-4-producing fibroblasts placed under the renal capsule of adult mice induce lesions with tubular epithelial destruction. These observations suggest a role for Wnt-4 in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis.
An enzyme-free colorimetric assay using hybridization chain reaction amplification and split aptamers (2015)

A novel unmodified gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based colorimetric assay was demonstrated using split aptamers and the hybridization chain reaction (HCR) amplification strategy. Here, the aptamer was divided into a structure-switching hairpin probe (DNA probe H1 (or H1')) and a single-stranded probe (DNA probe H2 (or H2')). In the presence of the target, DNA probe H1 (or H1') could specifically capture the target with the assistance of DNA probe H2 (or H2') to form a stable complex. Subsequently, the hairpin structure of DNA probe H1 (or H1') was changed, and then a chain reaction of hybridization events between two other hairpin probes (H3 and H4) propagated, resulting in the formation of nicked double-helices. Since it was difficult for such nicked double-helices to inhibit salt-induced AuNP aggregation, a red-to-blue color change was observed. With the elegant amplification effect of HCR, this assay showed a low detection limit (15 nM for Hg(2+) and 1 μM for adenosine), which was lower than or at least comparable to previous AuNP-based methods. The novel strategy not only eliminated the requirements of enzymatic reactions, separation processes, chemical modifications, and sophisticated instruments, but also could be used for other targets only by simply changing the DNA probe sequences.