gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Degradation Pathway of Glycated Amino Acids into Free Fructosamine by a Pseudomonas sp. Soil Strain Extract (1995)

A Pseudomonas sp. soil strain, selected for its ability to grow on epsilon-(1-deoxyfructosyl) aminocaproic acid, was induced to express a membrane-bound enzymatic activity which oxidatively degrades Amadori products into free fructosamine. Apparent Km values for fructosyl aminocaproate, epsilon-fructosyl lysine, fructosyl glycine, and ribated lysine were 0.21 mM, 2.73 mM, 3.52 mM, and 1.57 mM, respectively. The enzyme was also active against alpha-fructosyl lysine and borohydride-reduced Amadori product, weakly active with ribated and glycated polylysine, and inactive with reducing sugars, amino acids, and glycated proteins. The enzymatic activity was highest at pH 6.5 and 25 degrees C in 0.1 M sodium phosphate, while over 80% of the activity was lost above 65 degrees C. Complete inhibition was observed by HgCl2, NaN3, and NaCN suggesting a role for SH groups and copper in the enzymatic activity. The reaction products were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and GC/MS and found to correspond to 1-deoxy-1-aminofructose, i.e. free "fructosamine," and adipic acid. Confirmation of the free fructosamine structure was based on the complete spectroscopic identity of the borohydride reduction product with commercially available glucamine (1-amino-1-deoxyglucitol). The new enzyme is provisorily classified as fructosyl N-alkyl amino acid oxidase (EC 1.5.3) (fructosyl-amino acid:oxygen oxidoreductase) and may thus belong to a novel class of "Amadoriases" which deglycate Amadori products oxidatively. In contrast, however, the new enzyme acts on the alkylamine bond rather than the ketoamine bond of the Amadori product.
▪ Anterior Cervical Discectomy With and Without Fusion: Results, Complications, and Long-term Follow-up (1994)

Neither procedure is ideal for the treatment of cervical radiculopathy. Anterior cervical discectomy results in decreased hospital cost and surgical morbidity. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion results in more rapid resolution of patient pain. The ideal procedure would appear to be ACF performed with a theoretical biomaterial that would be minimally expensive and consistently promote successful arthrodesis.
Arrayed silicon prism coupler for a terahertz-wave parametric oscillator (2001)

Using room-temperature parametric oscillation of a LiNbO3 crystal pumped by a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with a simple configuration, we have realized a widely tunable coherent terahertz- (THz-) wave source in the range between 1 and 3 THz. Inasmuch as the THz wave is affected by total internal reflection at the crystal edge, we used a Si prism coupler to couple out the THz wave. We introduce an arrayed Si-prism coupler that increases the efficiency and decreases the diffraction angle. By use of the arrayed-prism coupler, there is a sixfold increase in coupling efficiency and a 40% decrease in the far-field beam diameter, compared with the use of a single-prism coupler. We discuss the negative effect of the free carriers at the Si-prism surface that is excited by the scattered pump beam, and the positive effect of cavity rotation on the unidirectional radiation of the THz wave from a Si prism.
A new approach to low ripple-noise switching converters on the basis of switched-capacitor converters (1991)

A new approach to a low ripple-noise switching converter is presented. The starting circuit is a basic switched-capacitor (SC) converter cell from which several types of low ripple-noise switching converters are generated. Two generated converters are employed for switching regulators hybridized by copper thick films on alumina substrates to realize low ripple noise. As a result, the ripple noise in the output voltages is reduced to less than 5 mVpp. Finally, this approach enables design of an ideal switching converter with zero input and output current ripple.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Technical Aspects of Immunohistochemistry (2005)

Immunohistochemistry is an integral technique in many veterinary laboratories for diagnostic and research purposes. In the last decade, the ability to detect antigens (Ags) in tissue sections has improved dramatically, mainly by countering the deleterious effects of formaldehyde with antigen retrieval (AR) and increasing sensitivity of the detection systems. In this review, I address these topics and provide an overview of technical aspects of immunohistochemistry, including those related to antibodies (Abs) and Ags, fixation, AR, detection methods, background, and troubleshooting. Microarray technology and the use of rabbit monoclonal Abs in immunohistochemistry are also discussed.
Zinc Fingers in Caenorhabditis elegans : Finding Families and Probing Pathways (1998)

More than 3 percent of the protein sequences inferred from the Caenorhabditis elegans genome contain sequence motifs characteristic of zinc-binding structural domains, and of these more than half are believed to be sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins. The distribution of these zinc-binding domains among the genomes of various organisms offers insights into the role of zinc-binding proteins in evolution. In addition, the complete genome sequence of C. elegans provides an opportunity to analyze, and perhaps predict, pathways of transcriptional regulation.
The Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Glycoprotein D plus Emulsigen Are Increased by Formulation with CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides (2002)

The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) subunit vaccine formulated with Emulsigen (Em) and a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides (CpG ODN) was determined in cattle. A truncated, secreted version of BHV-1 glycoprotein D (tgD) formulated with Em and CpG ODN at concentrations of 25, 2.5, or 0.25 mg/dose produced a more balanced immune response, higher levels of virus neutralizing antibodies, and greater protection after BHV-1 challenge compared to tgD adjuvanted with either Em or CpG ODN alone. In contrast, tgD formulated with Em and either 25 mg of a non-CpG ODN or another immunostimulatory compound, dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide, induced similar immunity and protection compared to tgD formulated with Em alone, a finding which confirms the immunostimulatory effect of ODN to be CpG motif mediated. Our results demonstrate the ability of CpG ODN to induce a strong and balanced immune response in a target species.
Inositol Hexakisphosphate-Induced Autoprocessing of Large Bacterial Protein Toxins (2010)

Large bacterial protein toxins autotranslocate functional effector domains to the eukaryotic cell cytosol, resulting in alterations to cellular functions that ultimately benefit the infecting pathogen. Among these toxins, the clostridial glucosylating toxins (CGTs) produced by Gram-positive bacteria and the multifunctional-autoprocessing RTX (MARTX) toxins of Gram-negative bacteria have distinct mechanisms for effector translocation, but a shared mechanism of post-translocation autoprocessing that releases these functional domains from the large holotoxins. These toxins carry an embedded cysteine protease domain (CPD) that is activated for autoprocessing by binding inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP(6)), a molecule found exclusively in eukaryotic cells. Thus, InsP(6)-induced autoprocessing represents a unique mechanism for toxin effector delivery specifically within the target cell. This review summarizes recent studies of the structural and molecular events for activation of autoprocessing for both CGT and MARTX toxins, demonstrating both similar and potentially distinct aspects of autoprocessing among the toxins that utilize this method of activation and effector delivery.
Interactive Computer Graphics: Functional, Procedural and Device-Level Methods (1992)

From the Publisher:
The theme of this book is the generation and manipulation of graphics scenes including real-time aspects with human control or interaction. It provides a comprehensive modern text covering principles, techniques and mathematical foundations, beginning with elementary line drawing and going through to results from current research.
Ring-Enhanced Malignant Meningioma Mimicking a Brain Metastasis from a Renal Cell Carcinoma (2003)

We report a case of ring-enhanced malignant meningioma mimicking a solitary brain metastasis in a patient with renal cell carcinoma. This misleading situation is rarely encountered and has not been documented previously. Considering the low incidence of brain metastases from a renal cell carcinoma staged T1-2 without systemic metastases, a clinical diagnosis requires circumspection, and both primary and metastatic tumors should be considered when a solitary brain lesion is encountered.
Full-Speed Deterministic Bit-Accurate Parallel Floating-Point Summation on Multi- and Many-Core Architectures (2014)

On modern multi-core, many-core, and heterogeneous architectures, floating-point computations, especially reductions, may become non-deterministic and thus non-reproducible mainly due to non-associativity of floating-point operations. We introduce a solution to compute eterministic sums of floating-point numbers efficiently and with the best possible accuracy. Our multi-level algorithm consists of two main stages: a filtering stage that uses fast vectorized floating-point expansions; an accumulation stage based on superaccumulators in a high-radix carry-save representation. We present implementations on recent Intel desktop and server processors, on Intel Xeon Phi accelerator, and on AMD and NVIDIA GPUs. We show that the numerical reproducibility and bit-perfect accuracy can be achieved at no additional cost for large sums that have dynamic ranges of up to 90 orders of magnitude by leveraging arithmetic units that are left underused by standard reduction algorithms.
Aberrant Functional Connectivity Architecture in Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Whole-Brain, Data-Driven Analysis (2015)

The purpose of our study was to investigate whether the whole-brain functional connectivity pattern exhibits disease severity-related alterations in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired in 27 MCI subjects, 35 AD patients, and 27 age- and gender-matched subjects with normal cognition (NC). Interregional functional connectivity was assessed based on a predefined template which parcellated the brain into 90 regions. Altered whole-brain functional connectivity patterns were identified via connectivity comparisons between the AD and NC subjects. Finally, the relationship between functional connectivity strength and cognitive ability according to the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) was evaluated in the MCI and AD groups. Compared with the NC group, the AD group exhibited decreased functional connectivities throughout the brain. The most significantly affected regions included several important nodes of the default mode network and the temporal lobe. Moreover, changes in functional connectivity strength exhibited significant associations with disease severity-related alterations in the AD and MCI groups. The present study provides novel evidence and will facilitate meta-analysis of whole-brain analyses in AD and MCI, which will be critical to better understand the neural basis of AD.
Physicochemical Characterization of Glybuzole Polymorphs and Their Pharmaceutical Properties (1999)

Systematic polymorphic screening tests were performed using 11 kinds of solvents and 6 kinds of preparation methods, and the three specific modifications of glybuzole (forms I and II and amorphous form) were identified by X-ray diffractometry and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The physicochemical properties of forms I and II and amorphous forms were measured using X-ray diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), solubility tests, and others. The solubilities of all modifications in JP XII, first and second fluid (pH 1.2 and 6.8, respectively) were evaluated at 37 degrees C. Forms I and II and the amorphous form showed almost equivalent solubilities. Forms I and II were stable polymorphic forms at 0% and 75% relative humidity (RH), respectively, at 40 degrees C for 2 months, but the amorphous form was not stable. The crystallization rates of the amorphous form at 0% and 75% RH at 40 degrees C were estimated by X-ray diffraction analysis based on the Jander equation, and the rate at 0% RH was 364 times slower than that at 75% RH.
Generalized presence of a PEC-60-like peptide in catecholamine neurones (1994)

PEC-60, a 60-residue intestinal peptide structurally related to the pancreatic secretory type of trypsin inhibitor, has been isolated, characterized and molecularly cloned. It shows biological activity as a hormone in both the gastrointestinal tract and in the immune system. We now report immunohistochemical evidence suggesting its neural localization exclusively within central and peripheral catecholamine (CA) neurones. PEC-60-like immu-noreactivity was present in cell bodies, dendrites and nerve terminals of virtually all catecholamine neurones examined and including the noradrenergic gland cells of the adrenal medulla. PEC-60-like immunoreactivity was not seen, however, within the tyrosine hydroxylase-posi-tive but C A-negative arcuate neurones producing growth hormone releasing hormone. The findings open up the possibility that a PEC-60-like peptide may represent a generalized co-transmitter in the peripheral and central CA neurones.
Application of imiquimod by suppositories (anal tampons) efficiently prevents recurrences after ablation of anal canal condyloma (2002)

These data suggest that imiquimod anal tampons may represent a new therapeutic option to prevent recurrences of ACC following ablative surgery.
Fibroblasts in fibrosis: novel roles and mediators (2014)

Fibroblasts are the most common cell type of the connective tissues found throughout the body and the principal source of the extensive extracellular matrix (ECM) characteristic of these tissues. They are also the central mediators of the pathological fibrotic accumulation of ECM and the cellular proliferation and differentiation that occurs in response to prolonged tissue injury and chronic inflammation. The transformation of the fibroblast cell lineage involves classical developmental signaling programs and includes a surprisingly diverse range of precursor cell types-most notably, myofibroblasts that are the apex of the fibrotic phenotype. Myofibroblasts display exaggerated ECM production; constitutively secrete and are hypersensitive to chemical signals such as cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors; and are endowed with a contractile apparatus allowing them to manipulate the ECM fibers physically to close open wounds. In addition to ECM production, fibroblasts have multiple concomitant biological roles, such as in wound healing, inflammation, and angiogenesis, which are each interwoven with the process of fibrosis. We now recognize many common fibroblast-related features across various physiological and pathological protracted processes. Indeed, a new appreciation has emerged for the role of non-cancerous fibroblast interactions with tumors in cancer progression. Although the predominant current clinical treatments of fibrosis involve non-specific immunosuppressive and anti-proliferative drugs, a variety of potential therapies under investigation specifically target fibroblast biology.
Development of a PVDF Piezopolymer Sensor for Unconstrained In-Sleep Cardiorespiratory Monitoring (2003)

This paper reports the development of an unconstrained sensing technique for monitoring the respiration and heartbeats during sleep using a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezopolymer film sensor with the aim that the sensor can be used on the ordinary bed together with the condition that the use of the sensor does not interfere the daily sleep of the patient under measurement. A PVDF film is used as the sensory material in the sensor system. The film is placed under the sheet at the location of the thorax to pick up the fluctuation of the pressure on the bed caused by the respiratory movement and heartbeats. Wavelet multiresolution decomposition analysis is used for the detection of respiration and heartbeat from the sensor output. It is shown that the respiration and heartbeats can simultaneously be detected by the sensor with the use of the wavelet multiresolution decomposition analysis.
Coordinated leading- and lagging-strand synthesis at the Escherichia coli DNA replication fork. II. Frequency of primer synthesis and efficiency of primer utilization control Okazaki fragment size. (1992)

To investigate the role of the priming apparatus at the replication fork in determining Okazaki fragment size, the products of primer synthesis generated in vitro during rolling-circle DNA replication catalyzed by the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme, the single-stranded DNA binding protein, and the primosome on a tailed form II DNA template were isolated and characterized. The abundance of oligoribonucleotide primers and the incidence of covalent DNA chain extension of the primer population was measured under different reaction conditions known to affect the size of the products of lagging-strand DNA synthesis. These analyses demonstrated that the factors affecting Okazaki fragment length could be distinguished by either their effect on the frequency of primer synthesis or by their influence on the efficiency of initiation of DNA synthesis from primer termini. Primase and the ribonucleoside triphosphates were found to stimulate primer synthesis. The observed trend toward smaller fragment size as the concentration of these effectors was raised was apparently a direct consequence of the increased frequency of primer synthesis. The beta subunit of the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme and the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates did not alter the priming frequency; instead, the concentration of these factors influenced the ability of the lagging-strand DNA polymerase to efficiently utilize primers to initiate DNA synthesis. Maximum utilization of the available primers correlated with the lowest mean value of Okazaki fragment length. These data were used to draw general conclusions concerning the temporal order of enzymatic steps that operate during a cycle of Okazaki fragment synthesis on the lagging-strand DNA template.
Receptors, Mediators, and Mechanisms Involved in Bacterial Sepsis and Septic Shock (2003)

Bacterial sepsis and septic shock result from the overproduction of inflammatory mediators as a consequence of the interaction of the immune system with bacteria and bacterial wall constituents in the body. Bacterial cell wall constituents such as lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycans, and lipoteichoic acid are particularly responsible for the deleterious effects of bacteria. These constituents interact in the body with a large number of proteins and receptors, and this interaction determines the eventual inflammatory effect of the compounds. Within the circulation bacterial constituents interact with proteins such as plasma lipoproteins and lipopolysaccharide binding protein. The interaction of the bacterial constituents with receptors on the surface of mononuclear cells is mainly responsible for the induction of proinflammatory mediators by the bacterial constituents. The role of individual receptors such as the toll-like receptors and CD14 in the induction of proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules is discussed in detail. In addition, the roles of a number of other receptors that bind bacterial compounds such as scavenger receptors and their modulating role in inflammation are described. Finally, the therapies for the treatment of bacterial sepsis and septic shock are discussed in relation to the action of the aforementioned receptors and proteins.
A secure kernelized architecture for multilevel object-oriented databases (2002)

The authors present a secure kernelized architecture for multilevel object-oriented database management systems. The architecture is based on the notion of a message filter. It builds upon the typical architecture of current object-oriented database management systems. Since the operations mediated by the message filter are arbitrarily complex operations (as opposed to primitive reads and writes), a secure message filter requires careful attention to potential timing covert channels. Although the overall computation is logically a sequential one, to be secure one must actually execute pieces of the computation concurrently. This raises a synchronization problem for which they give a secure multiversion protocol. The fundamental problem solved is how to securely and correctly 'write up' in terms of abstract operations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Identification and partial characterization of an adenosine(5′)tetraphospho(5′)adenosine hydrolase on intact bovine aortic endothelial cells (1989)

The biologically active dinucleotides adenosine(5')tetraphospho(5')adenosine (Ap4A) and adenosine(5')-triphospho(5')adenosine (Ap3A), which are both releasable into the circulation from storage pools in thrombocytes, are catabolized by intact bovine aortic endothelial cells. 1. Compared with extracellular ATP and ADP, which are very rapidly hydrolysed, the degradation of Ap4A and Ap3A by endothelial ectohydrolases is relatively slow, resulting in a much longer half-life on the endothelial surface of the blood vessel. The products of hydrolysis are further degraded and finally taken up as adenosine. 2. Ap4A hydrolase has high affinity for its substrate (Km 10 microM). 3. ATP as well as AMP transiently accumulates in the extracellular fluid, suggesting an asymmetric split of Ap4A by the ectoenzyme. 4. Mg2+ or Mn2+ at millimolar concentration are needed for maximal activity; Zn2+ and Ca2+ are inhibitory. 5. The hydrolysis of Ap4A is retarded by other nucleotides, such as ATP and Ap3A, which are released from platelets simultaneously with Ap4A.
A randomised placebo controlled trial of pegylated interferon α in active ulcerative colitis (2003)

Background: Pilot studies of interferon α (IFN-α) suggest a high remission rate in the treatment of active ulcerative colitis. We evaluated the safety of pegylated interferon α (PegIFN) and its role in induction of remission in patients with active ulcerative colitis, in a multicentre placebo controlled trial. Methods: Sixty patients with a clinical activity score (CAI) of &gt;6 were randomised to receive placebo (n = 20), PegIFN 0.5 μg/kg (n = 19), or PegIFN 1.0 μg/kg body weight (n = 21) once weekly (PegIntron; Schering-Plough, USA) over 12 weeks. Patients receiving 5-aminosalicylates, steroids, and/or azathioprine in stable dosages were included. Results: Serious adverse events were seen in none of the placebo patients, in 3/19 patients in the PegIFN 0.5 μg/kg group (hospitalisation due to disease flare up n = 3), and in 3/21 in the PegIFN 1.0 μg/kg group (hospitalisation due to disease flare up n = 1; thrombosis n = 1; grand mal seizure n = 1). Otherwise, we observed only minor IFN-α side effects. Clinical remission rates at week 12 (CAI ⩽4) were 7/20 (35%) in the placebo, 9/19 (47%) in the PegIFN 0.5 μg/kg group, and 7/21 (33%) in the PegIFN 1.0 μg/kg group (NS). Early withdrawal from the study was observed in 11/20 placebo patients, in 6/19 in the PegIFN 0.5 μg/kg group, and in 10/21 in the PegIFN 1.0 μg/kg group, mainly due to lack of efficacy. The higher PegIFN dose was associated with a significant decrease in levels of C reactive protein (p = 0.003, day 0 v 85). Conclusions: PegIFN is safe but not effective, at the dosages used, in patients with ulcerative colitis.
Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES): Pathogenesis, treatment, and outcome (2011)

The outcome of FIRES is poor. No therapeutic agent was efficacious in shortening the acute phase, with the possible exception of a ketogenic diet. Treatment by inducing a prolonged BSC was associated with a worse cognitive outcome.