gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved Core Isolation and Access for Hierarchical Embedded Test (2009)

IEEE Std 1500 enables automation and hence allows for easier and faster integration of embedded cores into an SoC. This article describes an automated test development system based on the concept of embedded test.
scFv Antibody: Principles and Clinical Application (2012)

To date, generation of single-chain fragment variable (scFv) has become an established technique used to produce a completely functional antigen-binding fragment in bacterial systems. The advances in antibody engineering have now facilitated a more efficient and generally applicable method to produce Fv fragments. Basically, scFv antibodies produced from phage display can be genetically fused to the marker proteins, such as fluorescent proteins or alkaline phosphatase. These bifunctional proteins having both antigen-binding capacity and marker activity can be obtained from transformed bacteria and used for one-step immunodetection of biological agents. Alternatively, antibody fragments could also be applied in the construction of immunotoxins, therapeutic gene delivery, and anticancer intrabodies for therapeutic purposes. This paper provides an overview of the current studies on the principle, generation, and application of scFv. The potential of scFv in breast cancer research is also discussed in this paper.
Structural studies of a carbohydrate-containing immunoglobulin-λ-light-chain amyloid-fibril protein (AL) of variable subgroup III (1986)

The amino acid sequence of the variable region of a carbohydrate-containing amyloid-fibril protein MOL of immunoglobulin-light-chain type (AL) was elucidated. The sequence determination involved cleaving the protein with CNBr, BNPS-skatole, thermolysin and trypsin. The sequenced protein consisted of about 130 amino acid residues; however, gel-filtration and N-terminal analysis studies revealed AL proteins ranging in Mr from about 10,000 to 25,000. The oligosaccharide chain was found to be bound in the hypervariable region. By sequence homology to other lambda chains the AL protein MOL was shown to be of the V lambda III subgroup.
Fidelity of Leader and Trailer Sequence Usage by the Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Avian Pneumovirus Replication Complexes (2001)

The specificity of usage of promoters for replication and transcription by the pneumoviruses human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) and avian pneumovirus (APV) was studied using minigenomes containing a reporter gene. When infectious HRSV or APV was used as helper virus, replication could occur only if both the leader and trailer regions (containing the replicative and transcriptional promoters) were derived from the helper virus. In contrast, when the HRSV replication complex was supplied from cDNA plasmids, a minigenome containing either the APV leader or trailer was recognized and substantial levels of replication and transcription occurred. These data suggest that in pneumovirus-infected cells, helper virus functions can discriminate between genomes on the basis of the terminal sequences and that there is an association between the leader and trailer required for productive replication. This association is required only in virus-infected cells, not when replication and transcription are mediated by plasmid-directed expression of the component proteins required for replication and transcription. The possible implications of this are discussed.
Protease‐activated receptor dependent and independent signaling by kallikreins 1 and 6 in CNS neuron and astroglial cell lines (2008)

While protease-activated receptors (PARs) are known to mediate signaling events in CNS, contributing both to normal function and pathogenesis, the endogenous activators of CNS PARs are poorly characterized. In this study, we test the hypothesis that kallikreins (KLKs) represent an important pool of endogenous activators of CNS PARs. Specifically, KLK1 and KLK6 were examined for their ability to evoke intracellular Ca(2+) flux in a PAR-dependent fashion in NSC34 neurons and Neu7 astrocytes. Both KLKs were also examined for their ability to activate mitogen-activated protein kinases (extracellular signal-regulated kinases, C-Jun N-terminal kinases, and p38) and protein kinase B (AKT) intracellular signaling cascades. Cumulatively, these studies show that KLK6, but not KLK1, signals through PARs. KLK6 evoked intracellular Ca(2+) flux was mediated by PAR1 in neurons and both PAR1 and PAR2 in astrocytes. Importantly, both KLK1 and KLK6 altered the activation state of mitogen-activated protein kinases and AKT, suggestive of important roles for each in CNS neuron and glial differentiation, and survival. The cellular specificity of CNS-KLK activity was underscored by observations that both proteases promoted AKT activation in astrocytes, but inhibited such signaling in neurons. PAR1 and bradykinin receptor inhibitors were used to demonstrate that KLK1-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases in neurons occurred in a non-PAR, bradykinin 2 (B2) receptor-dependent fashion, while similar signaling by KLK6 was mediated by the combined activation of PAR1 and B2. Cumulatively results indicate KLK6, but not KLK1 is an activator of CNS PARs, and that both KLKs are poised to signal in a B2 receptor-dependent fashion to regulate multiple signal transduction pathways relevant to CNS physiologic function and dysfunction.
Augmented Reality for Maintenance and Repair (ARMAR) (2007)

Abstract : The purpose of this research, Augmented Reality for Maintenance and Repair (ARMAR), was to research the design and development of experimental augmented reality systems for maintenance job aiding. The goal was to explore and evaluate the feasibility of developing prototype adaptive augmented reality systems that can be used to investigate how real time computer graphics, overlaid on and registered with the actual equipment being maintained, can significantly increase the productivity of maintenance personnel, both during training and in the field.
Preamylopectin Processing: A Mandatory Step for Starch Biosynthesis in Plants (1996)

Gregory Mouille, Marie-Lise Maddelein, Nathalie Libessart, Philippe Talaga, , Brigitte Delrue, Steven Ball, Preamylopectin Processing: A Mandatory Step for Starch Biosynthesis in Plants, The Plant Cell, Vol. 8, No. 8 (Aug., 1996), pp. 1353-1366
Hepatitis B virus: significance of genotypes (2005)

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) genotypes have come of age. The concept that HBV genotypes may influence the course of disease and relevant biological differences has now been recognised. However, there are still major gaps in our knowledge. Most clinical data come from Asia and describe findings in patients infected with genotypes B and C. Large scale studies with genotypes A and D as found in Europe or A, D and E from Africa are urgently needed to broaden our understanding. Experimental data which explain in vivo findings in terms of differences in molecular biology in vitro are still in the beginning. The succeeding years will see many interesting studies which will aid our understanding of how variants and genotypes of HBV influence the spectrum of disease in people infected with HBV.
Correlation between the Intensityof the Atrial Sound and the LeftVentricular Filling Disturbances inPatients with HypertrophicCardiomyopathy (1994)

In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), we often hear loud atrial sounds (S(4)) due to atrial contribution to impaired diastolic ventricular filling. But loudness of S(4) fluctuates according to diastolic hemodynamics. To investigate the reliability of S(4) as a parameter of diastolic filling disturbances in HCM, we studied the correlation between the amplitude of S(4) and mitral inflow velocities using 59 patients with HCM (mean age was 52.8 years). The subjects were divided into two groups based on the amplitude of S(4) on the low frequency phonocardiogram. Group I consisted of 32 patients with large S(4) (amplitude >3 cm) and group II of 27 patients with small S(4) (amplitude <1.5 cm). The left atrial dimension was significantly smaller in group I than in group II (37.8 ± 9.8 vs. 42.7 ± 7.1 mm; p < 0.05). The peak velocity of the early diastolic filling (E) was significantly lower in group I that in group II (45.7 ± 8.9 vs. 52.1 ± 13.0 cm/s; p < 0.05), the peak filling velocity of the atrial contraction period (A) was significantly higher in group I than that in group II (47.5 ± 9.0 vs. 41.4 ± 12.1 cm/s; p < 0.05) and the ratio A/E was significantly larger in group I than that in group II (1.1 ± 0.17 vs. 0.82 ± 0.19; p < 0.001). In conclusion, group I showed larger atrial sounds and more severe impairment of the early diastolic filling which was compensated by more forceful atrial contraction compared with group II. The magnitude of S(4) reflects the left atrial function and the late diastolic filling dynamics due to atrial contraction.
<title>Recognition as Translating Images into Text</title> (2003)

We present an overview of a new paradigm for tackling long standing computer vision problems. Specifically our approach is to build statistical models which translate from a visual representations (images) to semantic ones (associated text). As providing optimal text for training is difficult at best, we propose working with whatever associated text is available in large quantities. Examples include large image collections with keywords, museum image collections with descriptive text, news photos, and images on the web. In this paper we discuss how the translation approach can give a handle on difficult questions such as: What counts as an object? Which objects are easy to recognize and which are hard? Which objects are indistinguishable using our features? How to integrate low level vision processes such as feature based segmentation, with high level processes such as grouping. We also summarize some of the models proposed for translating from visual information to text, and some of the methods used to evaluate their performance.
PML during dimethyl fumarate treatment of multiple sclerosis: How does lymphopenia matter? (2016)

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), which is caused by the John Cunningham virus (JCV), is a rare brain disease that results in persistent neurologic disability or death. In multiple sclerosis (MS), PML is a major concern in patients treated with natalizumab, and treatment duration (more than 2 years), preceding immunosuppression, and JCV antibody serostatus are identified risk factors, which are used for risk stratification, patient monitoring, and counseling.
Organocatalysis Mediated by (Thio)urea Derivatives (2006)

Over the last decade the potential for N,N-dialkyl(thio)urea derivatives to serve as active metal-free organocatalysts for a wide range of synthetically useful reactions susceptible to the influence of general acid catalysis has begun to be realised. This article charts the development of these catalysts (with emphasis on the design principles involved), from early "proof-of-concept" materials to contemporary active chiral (bifunctional) promoters of highly selective asymmetric transformations.
Observation of Foam/Oil Interactions in a New, High-Resolution Micromodel (1991)

Abstract A new micromodel construction procedure has been developed as a tool to better understand and model pore level events in porous media. The construction procedure allows for the almost exact two-dimensional replication of any porous medium of interest. For the case presented here, a berea sandstone was chosen. Starting with a thin section of the porous medium of interest, a two-dimensional replica of the flow path is etched into a silicon wafer to a prescribed depth. Bonding the etched pattern to a fiat glass plate isolates the flow path and allows the pore level flow events to be studied. The high resolution micromodels constructed with the new procedure were used to study the effects of oil on the displacement characteristics of foam in a porous medium of intermediate wettability. A crude oil was injected into the micromodel, partially filling it. The oil was then produced under two different displacement schemes. First, a slug of surfactant was used. Second, foam generated in situ, far from the oil bank, was used to displace the oil. Qualitative observations indicate significant differences at the interface between the oil and the displacing phase. When slug surfactant injection is used, the oil appears to wet the surface. The oil displacement process is efficient due to a large fractional production of oil from the large pores before the surfactant breaks through. When in-situ foam is the displacing phase, the foam is observed to break near the oil interface. The liquid phase in the foam becomes the wetting phase. It is observed to reside in the small pores and to coat most of the grain surfaces. Displacement of oil under this injection scheme is inefficient due to transfer of the surfactant along grain edges and subsequent early breakthrough of the surfactant.
JAK2 and MPL Mutations in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (2008)

The Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs) polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocytosis (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) are characterized by increased proliferation of terminally differentiated myeloid cells. Although these disorders were recognized as clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders more than 3 decades ago, little was known about the genetic basis for these disorders until 2005 when a single recurrent mutation in the JAK2 tyrosine kinase (JAK2V617F) was identified in >90% of patients with PV and in a significant proportion of patients with ET and PMF. JAK2V617F is a constitutively active tyrosine kinase and has transforming properties in vitro and in vivo, providing validation JAK2V617F is a bona fide oncogene which contributes to MPD pathogenesis. Subsequent studies of JAK2V617F-negative MPDs have identified mutations in JAK2 exon 12 and MPL, and these mutations also result in constitutive activation of JAK2 signaling. In this review, we will discuss the genetics of PV, ET and PMF with regard to known somatic mutations, the role of these mutations in hematopoietic transformation and the therapeutic implications of these findings.
Bcl6 and Blimp-1 Are Reciprocal and Antagonistic Regulators of T Follicular Helper Cell Differentiation (2009)

Effective B cell-mediated immunity and antibody responses often require help from CD4+ T cells. It is thought that a distinct CD4+ effector T cell subset, called T follicular helper cells (T(FH)), provides this help; however, the molecular requirements for T(FH) differentiation are unknown. We found that expression of the transcription factor Bcl6 in CD4+ T cells is both necessary and sufficient for in vivo T(FH) differentiation and T cell help to B cells in mice. In contrast, the transcription factor Blimp-1, an antagonist of Bcl6, inhibits T(FH) differentiation and help, thereby preventing B cell germinal center and antibody responses. These findings demonstrate that T(FH) cells are required for proper B cell responses in vivo and that Bcl6 and Blimp-1 play central but opposing roles in T(FH) differentiation.
The Escherichia coli metD Locus Encodes an ABC Transporter Which Includes Abc (MetN), YaeE (MetI), and YaeC (MetQ) (2002)

We report that the genes abc, yaeC, and yaeE comprise metD, an Escherichia coli locus encoding a DL-methionine uptake system. MetD is an ABC transporter with Abc the ATPase, YaeE the permease, and YaeC the likely substrate binding protein. Expression of these genes is regulated by L-methionine and MetJ, a common repressor of the methionine regulon. We propose to rename abc, yaeE, and yaeC as metN, metI, and metQ, respectively.
Real-time Tracking of Participants in Meeting Video (2006)

The aim of our work was to develop a robust real-time tracker of body parts in meeting videos. We have focused mainly on tracking heads in meeting video data from the AMI project. The AMI project is concerned with the development of meeting browsers and remote meeting assistants for instrumented meeting rooms. Our system is intended to process video data acquired from camera online. This sets bounds in the terms of computational cost of used algorithms. Therefore we decided first to create a fast solution and analyze its results in order to tell if further improvements are needed. We have divided tracking task into two separate parts. First skin color model, background subtraction and topological feature based object classification is used to detect heads in video. The detected objects are consequently tracked throughout the video sequence by using KLT feature based tracker. Tracking results are stored in the XML format for evaluation.
Insulin sensitizing pharmacology of thiazolidinediones correlates with mitochondrial gene expression rather than activation of PPAR gamma. (2007)

Insulin sensitizing thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are generally considered to work as agonists for the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferative activated receptor-gamma (PPAR gamma). However, TZDs also have acute, non-genomic metabolic effects and it is unclear which actions are responsible for the beneficial pharmacology of these compounds. We have taken advantage of an analog, based on the metabolism of pioglitazone, which has much reduced ability to activate PPAR gamma. This analog (PNU-91325) was compared to rosiglitazone, the most potent PPAR gamma activator approved for human use, in a variety of studies both in vitro and in vivo. The data demonstrate that PNU-91325 is indeed much less effective than rosiglitazone at activating PPAR gamma both in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, both compounds bound similarly to a mitochondrial binding site and acutely activated PI-3 kinase-directed phosphorylation of AKT, an action that was not affected by elimination of PPAR gamma activation. The two compounds were then compared in vivo in both normal C57 mice and diabetic KKAy mice to determine whether their pharmacology correlated with biomarkers of PPAR gamma activation or with the expression of other gene transcripts. As expected from previous studies, both compounds improved insulin sensitivity in the diabetic mice, and this occurred in spite of the fact that there was little increase in expression of the classic PPAR gamma target biomarker adipocyte binding protein-2 (aP2) with PNU-91325 under these conditions. An examination of transcriptional profiling of key target tissues from mice treated for one week with both compounds demonstrated that the relative pharmacology of the two thiazolidinediones correlated best with an increased expression of an array of mitochondrial proteins and with expression of PPAR gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1 alpha), the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. Thus, important pharmacology of the insulin sensitizing TZDs may involve acute actions, perhaps on the mitochondria, that are independent of direct activation of the nuclear receptor PPAR gamma. These findings suggest a potential alternative route to the discovery of novel insulin sensitizing drugs.
Psoralen adducts in a shuttle vector plasmid propagated in primate cells: high mutagenicity of DNA cross-links (1987)

A Simian virus 40-driven shuttle vector plasmid (pZ189) was treated with 8-methoxypsoralen plus a split dose of long-wavelength UV (UVA) radiation in order for a large number of psoralen cross-links, as compared with monoadducts, to be formed in the plasmid DNA. The shuttle vector was then transfected into monkey Vero or human Raji cells. Plasmids replicated in the primate host cell were extracted 2 days later and analysed for mutations in the vector suppressor tRNA (supF) gene. A spontaneous mutation frequency of 0.7 X 10(-3) was 15-fold elevated in vectors exposed to psoralen plus two UVA irradiations. Most of these mutations were considered to be dependent on DNA cross-link adducts, since psoralen plus only a single UVA dose (producing mainly monoadducts) did not appreciably affect the mutation rate. DNA sequence analysis revealed a hot spot at an AT repeat constituting a potential site for psoralen cross-link formation, whereas the second hot spot noted did not contain any sequence where psoralen adduct formation is likely to occur. Since the AT repeat hot spot was not represented in previous studies with pZ189 exposed to other genotoxic agents, the results indicate that a specific mutational pattern may be resulting from induction of DNA cross-links.
The Endogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Producing Enzyme Cystathionine-β Synthase Contributes to Visceral Hypersensitivity in a Rat Model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (2009)

Our results suggest that upregulation of CBS expression in colonic DRG neurons and H2S signaling may play an important role in developing CVH, thus identifying a specific neurobiological target for the treatment of CVH in functional bowel syndromes.
Changes in Turkey (1965)

Essay| May 01 1965 Changes in Turkey Harry N. Howard Harry N. Howard Professor of Middle East Studies, The School of International Service, The American University, Washington, D. C. Harry N. Howard served as a specialist on the Middle East in the Department of State for many years. He had lived for a time in Beirut and has traveled widely in the Middle Eastern area. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Current History (1965) 48 (285): 296–300. https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1965.48.285.296 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Harry N. Howard; Changes in Turkey. Current History 1 May 1965; 48 (285): 296–300. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1965.48.285.296 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentCurrent History Search This content is only available via PDF. © 1965 by The Regents of the University of California1965 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
The yield strength of thin copper films on Kapton (2004)

Thin films of copper, with thickness between 0.1 and 3 μm, were vapor-deposited on 12.7 or 7.6-μm-thick polyimide (Kapton) substrates. They were tested in a microtensile tester in which the strain is measured by optical diffraction from a microlithographically applied grid. The Young modulus is independent of film thickness and is about 20% below the value calculated from single-crystal elastic constants. The yield stress depends strongly on the film thickness and is fit by σy=116+355(t)−0.473, where t is the thickness in μm and σy is in MPa. The microstructure of the films was studied by focused ion-beam microscopy. The grains are heavily twinned and the microstructural lengths (grain size, twin spacing, twin width) depend only weakly on the film thickness. A substantial part of the yield stress is therefore attributable to an effect of the film thickness, such as that predicted by strain gradient plasticity theory. The lower limit and some estimates of the thickness contribution to the yield stress are calculated. The estimated characteristic length of strain gradient plasticity theory is 0.6 μm for these materials.