gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantification of Total Plasma Cell‐Free DNA in Ovarian Cancer Using Real‐Time PCR (2006)

Our objective was to compare the levels of total circulating plasma cell-free DNA (CfDNA) using real-time PCR in patients with late-stage ovarian cancer with those in unaffected controls. Following IRB consent, DNA was extracted from archived frozen plasma of 19 patients with primary ovarian carcinoma and 12 age-matched controls using Qiagen DNA Isolation Kits. Quantification of total CfDNA was performed using real-time PCR with the TaqMan Assay for GAPDH, beta-actin and beta-globin and the number of genome equivalents (GE/mL) were determined from a standard curve. CfDNA levels of these loci were compared between the groups with Student's t-test, with P < 0.05 being statistically significant. The mean age of the patients was 61.6 years (+/-9.6) and of the controls was 54 years (+/-12.2). All patients had high-grade, advanced stage (III or IV) serous ovarian carcinomas. Preoperative CA-125 levels ranged from 43 to 15,626 IU/mL (mean 2487.2 +/- 3686 IU/mL). Total CfDNA in ovarian cancer was higher among patients with ovarian cancer as compared to controls at all three loci: GAPDH (P = 0.022), beta-actin (P = 0.025), and beta-globin (P = 0.0089). CfDNA is elevated in advanced stage disease compared to controls. These preliminary results suggest that total CfDNA in the plasma of patients with ovarian cancer may be useful for noninvasive screening and disease surveillance.
Transition Metal Substitution Effects on Metal-to-Polyoxometalate Charge Transfer (2016)

A series of hetero-bimetallic transition metal-substituted polyoxometalates (TMSPs) were synthesized based on the Co(II)-centered ligand [Co(II)W11O39](10-). The eight complex series, [Co(II)(M(x)OHy)W11O39]((12-x-y)-) (M(x)OHy = V(IV)O, Cr(III)(OH2), Mn(II)(OH2), Fe(III)(OH2), Co(II)(OH2), Ni(II)(OH2), Cu(II)(OH2), Zn(II)(OH2)), of which six are reported for the first time, was synthesized starting from [Co(III)W11O39](9-) and studied using spectroscopic, electrochemical, and computational techniques to evaluate the influence of substituted transition metals on the photodynamics of the metal-to-polyoxometalate charge transfer (MPCT) transition. The bimetallic complexes all show higher visible light absorption than the plenary [Co(II)W12O40](6-) and demonstrate the same MPCT transition as the plenary complex, but they have shorter excited-state lifetimes (sub-300 ps in aqueous media). The decreased lifetimes are rationalized on the basis of nonradiative relaxation due to coordinating aqua ligands, increased interaction with cations due to increased negative charge, and the energy gap law, with the strongest single factor appearing to be the charge on the anion. The most promising results are from the Cr- and Fe-substituted systems, which retain excited-state lifetimes at least 50% of that of [Co(II)W12O40](6-) while more than tripling the absorbance at 400 nm.
Matrix metalloproteinase 2 from human rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts (1990)

Human rheumatoid synovial cells in culture secrete at least three related metalloproteinases that digest extracellular matrix macromolecules. One of them, termed matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), has been purified as an inactive zymogen (proMMP-2). The final product is homogeneous on SDS/PAGE with Mr = 72,000 under reducing conditions. The NH2-terminal sequence of proMMP-2 is Ala-Pro-Ser-Pro-Ile-Ile-Lys-Phe-Pro-Gly-Asp-Val-Ala-Pro-Lys-Thr, which is identical to that of the so-called '72-kDa type IV collagenase/gelatinase'. The zymogen can be rapidly activated by 4-aminophenylmercuric acetate to an active form of MMP-2 with Mr = 67,000, and the new NH2-terminal generated is Tyr-Asn-Phe-Phe-Pro-Arg-Lys-Pro-Lys-Trp-Asp-Lys-Asn-Gln-Ile. However, following 4-aminophenylmercuric acetate activation, MMP-2 is gradually inactivated by autolysis. Nine endopeptidases (trypsin, chymotrypsin, plasmin, plasma kallikrein, thrombin, neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G, matrix metalloproteinase 3, and thermolysin) were tested for their abilities to activate proMMP-2, but none had this ability. This contrasts with the proteolytic activation of proMMP-1 (procollagenase) and proMMP-3 (prostromelysin). The optimal activity of MMP-2 against azocoll is around pH 8.5, but about 50% of activity is retained at pH 6.5. Enzymic activity is inhibited by EDTA, 1,10-phenanthroline or tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, but not by inhibitors of serine, cysteine or aspartic proteinases. MMP-2 digests gelatin, fibronectin, laminin, and collagen type V, and to a lesser extent type IV collagen, cartilage proteoglycan and elastin. Comparative studies on digestion of collagen types IV and V by MMP-2 and MMP-3 (stromelysin) indicate that MMP-3 degrades type IV collagen more readily than MMP-2, while MMP-2 digests type V collagen effectively. Biosynthetic studies of MMPs using cultured human rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts indicated that the production of both proMMP-1 and proMMP-3 is negligible but it is greatly enhanced by the treatment with rabbit-macrophage-conditioned medium, whereas the synthesis of proMMP-2 is constitutively expressed by these cells and is not significantly affected by the treatment. This suggests that the physiological and/or pathological role of MMP-2 and its site of action may be different from those of MMP-1 and MMP-3.
Production of N -Acetyl- d -Neuraminic Acid by Use of an Efficient Spore Surface Display System (2011)

Production of N-acetyl-D-neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) via biocatalysis is traditionally conducted using isolated enzymes or whole cells. The use of isolated enzymes is restricted by the time-consuming purification process, whereas the application of whole cells is limited by the permeability barrier presented by the microbial cell membrane. In this study, a novel type of biocatalyst, Neu5Ac aldolase presented on the surface of Bacillus subtilis spores, was used for the production of Neu5Ac. Under optimal conditions, Neu5Ac at a high concentration (54.7 g liter⁻¹) and a high yield (90.2%) was obtained under a 5-fold excess of pyruvate over N-acetyl-D-mannosamine. The novel biocatalyst system, which is able to express and immobilize the target enzyme simultaneously on the surface of B. subtilis spores, represents a suitable alternative for value-added chemical production.
Interpolating Spherical Harmonics for Computing Antenna Patterns (2011)

Abstract : This report reviews spherical harmonic expansions to compute wideband antenna patterns. Some antenna patterns, such as the far-field of a ship, require lots of computer time per each frequency. Consequently, computing such a pattern across a wide frequency band at each frequency is prohibitive. Spherical harmonics offer an alternative-compute the pattern over a coarse sampling across the frequency band, interpolate the spherical harmonics, and use these harmonics to recover the pattern at a fine frequency sampling with small CPU. This report develops an adaptive spline interpolation algorithm with error control. The development used antennas with smooth analytic patterns for verification. Further developments must test this algorithm on a suite of tactical antenna patterns.
Rhodamine Triazole-Based Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Pt2+ (2010)

A rhodamine triazole-based fluorescent chemosensor has been developed for the selective detection of platinum ions in aqueous solutions. The rhodamine 6G hydroxamate linked with a propargyl group is converted to the corresponding triazole by a "click" reaction. The dual binding unit composed of a hydroxamate and a triazole shows high selectivity and sensitivity toward Pt(2+) over a range of other metal ions in water. The fluorescent probe is applied to monitor cisplatin in aqueous solutions.
Guanine, Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine, and Triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine (8-Azaguanine) Phosphonate Acyclic Derivatives as Inhibitors of Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase (1996)

Phosphonate acyclic derivates of guanines, pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines, and triazolo[4,5-d]-pyrimidines (8-azaguanines) are inhibitors of the enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNPase) with Ki' values ranging from 0.05 to 1.6 microM. These compounds are enzymatically stable congeners of the potent PNPase inhibitor acyclovir diphosphate (53).
Constitutive activation of smoothened (SMO) in mammary glands of transgenic mice leads to increased proliferation, altered differentiation and ductal dysplasia (2007)

The hedgehog signaling network regulates pattern formation, proliferation, cell fate and stem/progenitor cell self-renewal in many organs. Altered hedgehog signaling is implicated in 20-25% of all cancers, including breast cancer. We demonstrated previously that heterozygous disruption of the gene encoding the patched-1 (PTCH1) hedgehog receptor, a negative regulator of smoothened (Smo) in the absence of ligand, led to mammary ductal dysplasia in virgin mice. We now show that expression of activated human SMO (SmoM2) under the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter in transgenic mice leads to increased proliferation, altered differentiation, and ductal dysplasias distinct from those caused by Ptch1 heterozygosity. SMO activation also increased the mammosphere-forming efficiency of primary mammary epithelial cells. However, limiting-dilution transplantation showed a decrease in the frequency of regenerative stem cells in MMTV-SmoM2 epithelium relative to wild type, suggesting enhanced mammosphere-forming efficiency was due to increased survival or activity of division-competent cell types under anchorage-independent growth conditions, rather than an increase in the proportion of regenerative stem cells per se. In human clinical samples, altered hedgehog signaling occurs early in breast cancer development, with PTCH1 expression reduced in approximately 50% of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive breast cancers (IBC). Conversely, SMO is ectopically expressed in 70% of DCIS and 30% of IBC. Surprisingly, in both human tumors and MMTV-SmoM2 mice, SMO rarely colocalized with the Ki67 proliferation marker. Our data suggest that altered hedgehog signaling may contribute to breast cancer development by stimulating proliferation, and by increasing the pool of division-competent cells capable of anchorage-independent growth.
Risk for Serious Gastrointestinal Complications Related to Use of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (1991)

Users of NSAIDs are at approximately three times greater relative risk for developing serious adverse gastrointestinal events than are nonusers. Additional risk factors include age greater than 60 years, previous history of gastrointestinal events, and concomitant corticosteroid use. Another possible risk factor is the first 3 months of NSAID therapy. The risk for serious gastrointestinal events appears to be equal among men and women. These data represent summary statistics from 16 studies and cannot be considered generalizable to all NSAID users.
Hemispheric asymmetry in myelin after stroke is related to motor impairment and function (2017)

The relationships between impairment, function, arm use and underlying brain structure following stroke remain unclear. Although diffusion weighted imaging is useful in broadly assessing white matter structure, it has limited utility in identifying specific underlying neurobiological components, such as myelin. The purpose of the present study was to explore relationships between myelination and impairment, function and activity in individuals with chronic stroke. Assessments of paretic upper-extremity impairment and function were administered, and 72-hour accelerometer based activity monitoring was conducted on 19 individuals with chronic stroke. Participants completed a magnetic resonance imaging protocol that included a high resolution T1 anatomical scan and a multi-component T2 relaxation imaging scan to quantify myelin water fraction (MWF). MWF was automatically parcellated from pre- and post-central subcortical regions of interest and quantified as an asymmetry ratio (contralesional/ipsilesional). Cluster analysis was used to group more and less impaired individuals based on Fugl-Meyer upper extremity scores. A significantly higher precentral MWF asymmetry ratio was found in the more impaired group compared to the less impaired group (p < 0.001). There were no relationships between MWF asymmetry ratio and upper-limb use. Stepwise multiple linear regression identified precentral MWF asymmetry as the only variable to significantly predict impairment and motor function in the upper extremity (UE). These results suggest that asymmetric myelination in a motor specific brain area is a significant predictor of upper-extremity impairment and function in individuals with chronic stroke. As such, myelination may be utilized as a more specific marker of the neurobiological changes that predict long term impairment and recovery from stroke.
Drug-Induced Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia — From Purpura to Thrombosis (2007)

In 1949, Ackroyd reported the abrupt onset of severe thrombocytopenia and purpura in patients receiving the sedative allylisopropylacetylcarbamide (Sedormid).1 All the patients had taken Sedormid previously and had become sensitized to it. Today, this classic picture of drug-induced, immune-mediated thrombocytopenia is most often caused by quinine in outpatients and by vancomycin in hospitalized patients, as discussed by Von Drygalski et al. in this issue of the Journal (pages 904–910).In 1973, Rhodes, Dixon, and Silver described thrombocytopenia and thrombosis occurring a week after the initiation of heparin therapy and provided evidence of an immune pathogenesis for this complication of heparin . . .
The palladium-catalyzed arylation of enol esters, ethers, and halides. A new synthesis of 2-aryl aldehydes and ketones (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe palladium-catalyzed arylation of enol esters, ethers, and halides. A new synthesis of 2-aryl aldehydes and ketonesRichard F. HeckCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 20, 5535–5538Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01022a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01022a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1900Altmetric-Citations114LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Muscle lipid metabolism in the metabolic syndrome (2005)

It has been suggested recently that the flux of muscular fatty acids as a source of oxidative energy may play a pivotal role into the development of the abnormalities of muscle and whole-body energy metabolism, potentially as the basis of the pathogenesis of obesity, the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
IL‐2 and IL‐10 serum levels in HIV‐1‐infected patients with or without active antiretroviral therapy (2006)

We analyzed IL-2 and IL-10 serum levels in 26 HIV-1-infected patients naive of antiretroviral treatment and in 34 patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). All patients without treatment were asymptomatic. When they were stratified according to levels of CD4+ T cells, IL-2 levels were significantly increased in patients with > or =200 CD4+/microl and IL-10 levels were significantly increased in patients with <200 CD4+/microl compared to controls. A significant negative correlation was observed between IL10 levels and CD4+ T-cell counts. No correlation was observed between IL-2 and IL-10 levels and viral load due to the wide range of variability in the number of HIV copies/ml present in the different patients. However, IL-2 levels were higher in patients with high viral load than in patients with low viral load. In patients with HAART, IL-2 and IL-10 levels were similar to the control group and no differences were detected respecting CD4+ T cells counts and viral load. Our findings show that the modifications in IL-2 and IL-10 serum levels in HIV-1-infected patients naive of antiretroviral treatment are associated with the progression of immunological damage. Furthermore, they show a dysbalance of type-1/type-2 cytokines with an involvement of type-2 cytokines in later stages of HIV infection. Cytokine dysregulation can be reversed by HAART in the context of immune restoration and viral suppression.
Hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy are associated with impaired endothelium-mediated relaxation in human coronary resistance vessels. (1993)

Endothelium-dependent vasodilation is markedly impaired in the coronary microvessels of patients with hypertension and ventricular hypertrophy. Loss of this vasodilator mechanism may contribute to disordered coronary flow regulation and the ischemic manifestations of hypertensive heart disease.
Neural Actions of Luteinizing Hormone and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (2001)

Luteinizing hormone (LH) and its homologue, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), are able to elicit multiple effects in the central nervous system (CNS) through binding to their receptors. Specific receptors for LH/hCG have been identified in the hippocampus, dentate gyrus, hypothalamus, cortex, brain stem, area postrema, cerebellum, choroid plexus, ependymal cells, glial cells, neural retina, pituitary gland, and neuron processes of the spinal cord. Neurotropic effects of LH and hCG have been demonstrated in fetal rat brain, where the expression of LH/hCG receptors is developmentally regulated. Administration of hCG has been found to be beneficial in restoration of transected spinal cord function in rats. In adult rat brain, LH and hCG are involved in the feedback regulation of synthesis and secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the hypothalamus and LH in the pituitary gland. LH and hCG also induce several behavioral and other changes that are associated with the hippocampus, which contains the highest density of LH/hCG receptors. Many of the behavioral changes induced by hCG in rats parallel those in pregnant women. Some of these behavioral effects are correlated with changes of eicosanoid metabolism induced by LH and hCG in the brain. The LH/hCG receptors present in the choroid plexus, brain vessels, and perihypophyseal vascular complex may be involved in the modulation of transport of LH, hCG, and GnRH into the CNS. Thus, the CNS is one of the specific target tissues for LH and hCG, by which LH/hCG act as pleiotropic hormones that regulate several reproduction-related as well as reproduction-nonrelated functions in the CNS.
In vitro Selection and Characterization of HIV-1 with Reduced Susceptibility to PMPA (1999)

9-(2-phosphonomethoxypropyl)adenine (PMPA) has demonstrated remarkable anti-simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) activity in macaque models of SIV infection and transmission prevention. Recently, PMPA and its oral prodrug, bis-POC PMPA, have also shown potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activity in Phase I clinical studies. In vitro experiments were performed to address the resistance properties of PMPA. After eight passages in increasing concentrations of PMPA, HIV-1IIIB was able to grow in the presence of 2 microM PMPA, fivefold above the IC50 of PMPA for wild-type parental virus. Sequence analysis of the reverse transcriptase (RT) genes from four of 15 RT clones demonstrated the presence of a K65R substitution in RT and recombinant HIV expressing the K65R RT mutation showed a threefold to fourfold increase in IC50 value for PMPA as compared to wild-type. Additional experiments demonstrated that viruses expressing other nucleoside-associated RT resistance mutations all showed wild-type or < threefold reduced susceptibility to PMPA in vitro. Interestingly, lamivudine-resistant viruses expressing the M184V RT mutation showed wild-type to slightly increased susceptibility to PMPA in vitro and addition of the M184V mutation to HIV with the K65R mutation resulted in reversion to wild-type susceptibility for PMPA. In agreement with the cell culture findings, Escherichia coli-expressed K65R RT showed fivefold reduced susceptibility to PMPA diphosphate, the active moiety of PMPA. Furthermore, in combination experiments, PMPA with hydroxyurea showed synergistic inhibition of HIV replication in vitro. The potent antiretroviral activity and favourable resistance profile of PMPA and bis-POC PMPA are being further investigated in ongoing clinical trials.
Two‐step multiplex polymerase chain reaction improves the speed and accuracy of genotyping using DNA from noninvasive and museum samples (2009)

Abstract Many studies in molecular ecology rely upon the genotyping of large numbers of low‐quantity DNA extracts derived from noninvasive or museum specimens. To overcome low amplification success rates and avoid genotyping errors such as allelic dropout and false alleles, multiple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) replicates for each sample are typically used. Recently, two‐step multiplex procedures have been introduced which drastically increase the success rate and efficiency of genotyping. However, controversy still exists concerning the amount of replication needed for suitable control of error. Here we describe the use of a two‐step multiplex PCR procedure that allows rapid genotyping using at least 19 different microsatellite loci. We applied this approach to quantified amounts of noninvasive DNAs from western chimpanzee, western gorilla, mountain gorilla and black and white colobus faecal samples, as well as to DNA from ~100‐year‐old gorilla teeth from museums. Analysis of over 45 000 PCRs revealed average success rates of &gt; 90% using faecal DNAs and 74% using museum specimen DNAs. Average allelic dropout rates were substantially reduced compared to those obtained using conventional singleplex PCR protocols, and reliable genotyping using low (&lt; 25 pg) amounts of template DNA was possible. However, four to five replicates of apparently homozygous results are needed to avoid allelic dropout when using the lowest concentration DNAs (&lt; 50 pg/reaction), suggesting that use of protocols allowing routine acceptance of homozygous genotypes after as few as three replicates may lead to unanticipated errors when applied to low‐concentration DNAs.