gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mid-term results of the valve-on-valve technique for bioprosthetic failure (2000)

The valve-on-valve technique, in certain difficult situations, can give successful mid-term results.
Rab7 Mutants Associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Exhibit Enhanced NGF-Stimulated Signaling (2010)

Missense mutants in the late endosomal Rab7 GTPase cause the autosomal dominant peripheral neuropathy Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2B (CMT2B). As yet, the pathological mechanisms connecting mutant Rab7 protein expression to altered neuronal function are undefined. Here, we analyze the effects Rab7 CMT2B mutants on nerve growth factor (NGF) dependent intracellular signaling in PC12 cells. The nerve growth factor receptor TrkA interacted similarly with Rab7 wild-type and CMT2B mutant proteins, but the mutant proteins significantly enhanced TrkA phosphorylation in response to brief NGF stimulation. Two downstream signaling pathways (Erk1/2 and Akt) that are directly activated in response to phospho-TrkA were differentially affected. Akt signaling, arising in response to activated TrkA at the plasma membrane was unaffected. However Erk1/2 phosphorylation, triggered on signaling endosomes, was increased. Cytoplasmic phospho-Erk1/2 persisted at elevated levels relative to control samples for up to 24 h following NGF stimulation. Nuclear shuttling of phospho Erk1/2, which is required to induce MAPK phosphatase expression and down regulate signaling, was greatly reduced by the Rab7 CMT2B mutants and explains the previously reported inhibition in PC12 neurite outgrowth. In conclusion, the data demonstrate a mechanistic link between Rab7 CMT2B mutants and altered TrkA and Erk1/2 signaling from endosomes.
Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationship of N-Substituted 4-Arylsulfonylpiperidine-4-hydroxamic Acids as Novel, Orally Active Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis (2003)

The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-containing endopeptidases that play a key role in both physiological and pathological tissue degradation. In our preceding paper, we have reported on a series of novel and orally active N-hydroxy-alpha-phenylsulfonylacetamide derivatives. However, these compounds had two drawbacks (moderate selectivity and chirality issues). To circumvent these two problems, a series of novel and orally active N-substituted 4-benzenesulfonylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid hydroxyamide derivatives have been synthesized. The present paper deals with the synthesis and SAR of these compounds. Among the several compounds synthesized, derivative 55 turned out to be a potent, selective, and an orally active MMP inhibitor in the clinically relevant advanced rabbit osteoarthritis model. Detailed pharmacokinetics and metabolism data are described.
A practical model of low-volume high-intensity interval training induces mitochondrial biogenesis in human skeletal muscle: potential mechanisms (2010)

High-intensity interval training (HIT) induces skeletal muscle metabolic and performance adaptations that resemble traditional endurance training despite a low total exercise volume. Most HIT studies have employed 'all out', variable-load exercise interventions (e.g. repeated Wingate tests) that may not be safe, practical and/or well tolerated by certain individuals. Our purpose was to determine the performance, metabolic and molecular adaptations to a more practical model of low-volume HIT. Seven men (21 + or - 0.4 years, V(O2peak) = 46 + or - 2 ml kg(-1) min(-1)) performed six training sessions over 2 weeks. Each session consisted of 8-12 x 60 s intervals at approximately 100% of peak power output elicited during a ramp V(O2) peak test (355 + or - 10 W) separated by 75 s of recovery. Training increased exercise capacity, as assessed by significant improvements on both 50 kJ and 750 kJ cycling time trials (P < 0.05 for both). Skeletal muscle (vastus lateralis) biopsy samples obtained before and after training revealed increased maximal activity of citrate synthase (CS) and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) as well as total protein content of CS, COX subunits II and IV, and the mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) (P < 0.05 for all). Nuclear abundance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha) was approximately 25% higher after training (P < 0.05), but total PGC-1alpha protein content remained unchanged. Total SIRT1 content, a proposed activator of PGC-1alpha and mitochondrial biogenesis, was increased by approximately 56% following training (P < 0.05). Training also increased resting muscle glycogen and total GLUT4 protein content (both P < 0.05). This study demonstrates that a practical model of low volume HIT is a potent stimulus for increasing skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity and improving exercise performance. The results also suggest that increases in SIRT1, nuclear PGC-1alpha, and Tfam may be involved in coordinating mitochondrial adaptations in response to HIT in human skeletal muscle.
<title>Optimizing proximity correction for wafer fabrication processes</title> (1994)

A key requirement for any proximity correction method is the ability to accurately predict proximity effects for any given circuit configuration. In this paper we present a methodology for characterizing proximity effects from measurements taken on a processed wafer. The characterization will determine what types of effects are present, which effects can be corrected, and it will quantify behavior parameters for a generalized proximity error model.
Bring lawyers guns and money: Death and housing in northern Australia (2005)

It is the 31st May 2005. Barnamby Wununungmurra and I stepped off the plane at Elcho Island airstrip, off the far North West Coast of the Northern Territory, and pretty much walked straight to the health clinic. I had come with Barnamby, one of our committee members, which was handy as he can speak Yolongu Matha and I can't, and he is related to pretty much every body here. The magic of his presence worked from the start as he talked with the Health Workers and Island locals, who told him that people were dying of Rheumatic Heart disease and that it was true, there were lots of Yolongu suffering from it, because of the overcrowded conditions here. One of the young health workers, Djumulaka, said she could take us to her house right away to show us what she meant about overcrowding. I had been in and out of bush communities and houses for 10 years, but I'd never really thought about what it would mean if you had 20 or more people living in one three bedroom house. Djumulaka told me that there were 20 her house. Anyhow, we went up the steps and she showed me the lounge room. The mattresses were against the wall getting an airing, and she said that was necessary to do every day. The adults used the bedrooms so that meant that there were 14 kids who slept in this lounge room. 14. Think of what that would mean. There is one toilet and one shower in the house. There is one stove and fridge. If you want to get something from the fridge, you have to walk over the sleeping kids to find it. And houses are not built to take 20 plus people. There were holes in the floor and the ceiling. Djumulaka couldn't tell us how long these things had been there without being fixed by the council, to whom she and the other adults paid rent for this house. I had brought my camera so I took photos.
IPTV Systems, Standards and Architectures: Part II - Application Layer FEC In IPTV Services (2008)

Insufficient quality due to packet loss is one of the main obstacles to the broad adoption of IPTV services. However, with the use of end-to- end application layer reliability solutions IPTV services can be enabled over existing IP networks. In particular, application layer forward error correction (AL-FEC) solutions provide a straightforward and powerful means to overcome packet loss. Different solutions for different IPTV service types are introduced and compared. Selected performance results are provided to show the performance and potential of AL-FEC solutions for IPTV applications. From the results it is verified that even in non-perfect transmission conditions IPTV services can easily be deployed without requiring huge investments in new infrastructure and network equipment. Powerful AL-FEC enables high-quality IPTV services without abandoning the promises of the Internet: best effort transport and end-to-end reliability.
CD43 expression in B cell lymphoma. (1992)

CD43 reagents can be used in conjunction with CD5 antibodies for the immunophenotypic discrimination of follicle centre cell lymphomas from non-follicle centre cell lymphomas.
An integrated system for production of neutrons and photonics calculational constants. Volume 15, Part A. The LLL Evaluated Nuclear Data Library (ENDL): evaluation techniques, reaction index, and descriptions of individual evaluations (1975)

A general description of evaluation methods, a reaction index to evaluated data, and detailed descriptions of evaluated nuclear data for eighty-four isotopes or elements are presented.
Macro- and microelements content in hair of subjects with arterial hypertension (2004)

Wstep Zaburzenia w skladzie mineralnym ustroju mogą miec istotny udzial w patogenezie nadciśnienia tetniczego. Celem badan bylo określenie zawartości makro- i mikroelementow we wlosach osob z pierwotnym nadciśnieniem tetniczym. Material i metody Do badan zakwalifikowano 284 osoby w wieku 33–70 lat, ktore podzielono na 2 grupy: I - 142 osoby z nadciśnieniem tetniczym, II - 142 osoby klinicznie zdrowe (grupa kontrolna). Wiek i plec w obydwu grupach byly zblizone. Osoby wlączone do badan nie przyjmowaly zadnych lekow przynajmniej na 3 miesiące przed oznaczeniem makro- i mikroelementow. Oznaczenia pierwiastkow Ca, P, Na, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu, Sr, Ni, Mo, Al, Cd, Pb, Mn, Se, Cr, Co, Li, V, B, Ba, Hg wykonano przy uzyciu spektrometru emisji atomowej ze wzbudzeniem plazmowym ICP MS Philips PU 7000. Wyniki W grupie I stwierdzono wyzsze wartości Mn, Al, Cd, Pb, Hg oraz wiekszy stosunek Pb/Se, Cd/Se, Al/Se, lecz mniejsze wartości P, Zn i nizszy stosunek Ca/Pb, Ca/Cd, Ca/Al, Zn/Pb, Zn/Cd, Zn/Al, Fe/Mn, Zn/Mn niz w grupie II (kontrolnej). Wnioski 1. Metale toksyczne (Pb, Cd, Al, Hg) mogą nalezec do czynnikow patogenetycznych nadciśnienia tetniczego. 2. Niedobor pierwiastkow antyoksydacyjnych moze wskazywac na koniecznośc suplementacji Zn i Se u chorych na nadciśnienie tetnicze.
Methylation of Histone H3 by COMPASS Requires Ubiquitination of Histone H2B by Rad6 (2002)

The DNA of eukaryotes is wrapped around nucleosomes and packaged into chromatin. Covalent modifications of the histone proteins that comprise the nucleosome alter chromatin structure and have major effects on gene expression. Methylation of lysine 4 of histone H3 by COMPASS is required for silencing of genes located near chromosome telomeres and within the rDNA (Krogan, N. J, Dover, J., Khorrami, S., Greenblatt, J. F., Schneider, J., Johnston, M., and Shilatifard, A. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 10753-10755; Briggs, S. D., Bryk, M., Strahl, B. D., Cheung, W. L., Davie, J. K., Dent, S. Y., Winston, F., and Allis, C. D. (2001) Genes. Dev. 15, 3286-3295). To learn about the mechanism of histone methylation, we surveyed the genome of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for genes necessary for this process. By analyzing approximately 4800 mutant strains, each deleted for a different non-essential gene, we discovered that the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Rad6 is required for methylation of lysine 4 of histone H3. Ubiquitination of histone H2B on lysine 123 is the signal for the methylation of histone H3, which leads to silencing of genes located near telomeres.
Surface Engineering and Surface Analysis of a Biodegradable Polymer with Biotinylated End Groups (1999)

In the design of advanced polymeric biomaterials there is a need to tailor the surface chemistry of the biomaterial to elicit beneficial interactions with cells and biomolecules. To facilitate the fabrication of complex biomaterial surfaces, we have previously described the synthesis and application of a poly(lactic acid)−poly(ethylene glycol) block copolymer (PLA−PEG) with the biotinylated PEG end groups (final polymer termed PLA−PEG-biotin). This polymer is biodegradable and resistant to nonspecific protein adsorption, and the biotin moiety allows surface chemical engineering to be achieved using avidin−biotin interactions. Here, we describe a detailed surface analysis of this polymer using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance analysis. This analysis has revealed that the avidin−biotin surface engineering strategy is a rapid method of immobilizing biomolecules at biomaterial surfaces under aqueous conditions. The surface engineering generates a specific and high-density change in surface structure. The effect of PLA segment molecular weight and the influence of the surfactant on the nature of the surface engineering has been determined with the objective of proving that the extent of specific ligand immobilization is controllable and resilient to surface stabilization by surfactants.
Early Life Blockade of 5-Hydroxytryptamine 1A Receptors Normalizes Sleep and Depression-Like Behavior in Adult Knock-Out Mice Lacking the Serotonin Transporter (2006)

In serotonin transporter knock-out (5-HTT-/-) mice, extracellular serotonin (5-HT) levels are markedly elevated in the brain, and rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) is enhanced compared with wild-type mice. We hypothesized that such sleep impairment at adulthood results from excessive serotonergic tone during early life. Thus, we assessed whether neonatal treatment with drugs capable of limiting the impact of 5-HT on the brain could normalize sleep patterns in 5-HTT-/- mutants. We found that treatments initiated at postnatal day 5 and continued for 2 weeks with the 5-HT synthesis inhibitor para-chlorophenylalanine, or for 4 weeks with the 5-HT(1A) receptor (5-HT(1A)R) antagonist N-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-N-(2-pyridinyl) cyclohexane carboxamide (WAY 100635), induced total or partial recovery of REMS, respectively, in 5-HTT-/- mutants. Early life treatment with WAY 100635 also reversed the depression-like behavior otherwise observed in these mutants. Possible adaptive changes in 5-HT(1A)R after neonatal treatment with WAY 100635 were investigated by measuring 5-HT(1A) binding sites and 5-HT(1A) mRNA in various REMS- and/or depression-related brain areas, as well as 5-HT(1A)R-mediated hypothermia and inhibition of neuronal firing in the dorsal raphe nucleus. None of these characteristics were modified in parallel with REMS recovery, suggesting that 5-HT(1A)Rs involved in wild-type phenotype rescue in 5-HTT-/- mutants are located in other brain areas or in 5-HT(1A)R-unrelated circuits where they could be transiently expressed during development. The reversal of sleep alterations and depression-like behavior after early life blockade of 5-HT(1A)R in 5-HTT-/- mutants might open new perspectives regarding preventive care of sleep and mood disorders resulting from serotonin transporter impairments during development.
Human Retinal Molecular Weight Exclusion Limit and Estimate of Species Variation (2003)

In humans, the inner and outer plexiform layers are sites of high resistance to the diffusion of large molecules, resulting in an REL of 76.5 kDa. There was only moderate interspecies variation in the REL of the animals studied, suggesting that they provide adequate models for the study of human transretinal macromolecular diffusion.
A novel, mitogen-activated nuclear kinase is related to a Drosophila developmental regulator. (1996)

Although the ultimate targets of many signal transduction pathways are nuclear transcription factors, the vast majority of known protein kinases are cytosolic. Here, we report on a novel human kinase that is present exclusively in the nucleus. Kinase activity is increased upon cellular proliferation and is markedly elevated in patients with acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemias. We have identified a human gene that encodes this nuclear kinase and find that it is closely related to Drosophila female sterile homeotic (fsh), a developmental regulator with no known biochemical activity. Collectively, these results suggest that this nuclear kinase is a component of a signal transduction pathway that plays a role in Drosophila development and human growth control.
Incretin Mimetics and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitors: A Review of Emerging Therapies for Type 2 Diabetes (2006)

Type 2 diabetes is thought to develop as a result of progressive beta-cell dysfunction in the setting of insulin resistance, leading to increased risks of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Type 2 diabetes is currently treated with diet and exercise, followed by oral drug therapy, and finally exogenous insulin. While this approach is known to improve glycemic control, none of the currently available therapies significantly improve beta-cell function. In addition, this approach does not address defects in hormonal secretion thought to play key roles in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by excess glucagon secretion and insufficient secretion of the hormone amylin from the pancreatic beta-cell. In addition, individuals with type 2 diabetes demonstrate insufficient secretion of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Novel therapies that leverage the so-called "incretin effect" of GLP-1 (including the incretin mimetics and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors) are being actively developed for the management of type 2 diabetes. Incretin mimetics are either derivatives of GLP-1, modified to resist proteolysis, or are novel peptides that share glucoregulatory functions with GLP-1 and are naturally resistant to proteolysis. DPP-IV inhibitors enhance the concentration of endogenous GLP-1 by limiting proteolysis of native GLP-1. With the approval of exenatide- the first "incretin mimetic"-treatment of type 2 diabetes will no doubt be changed. An understanding of the effects of these compounds will be needed to enhance the clinical approach to diabetes treatment.
Room‐Temperature ALD of Metal Oxide Thin Films by Energy‐Enhanced ALD (2013)

Abstract Room‐temperature atomic layer deposition (RT‐ALD) processes are of interest for applications using temperature‐sensitive substrates. Challenges with RT‐ALD arise when the precursors are not sufficiently volatile, purge times become impractically long, and precursors or co‐reactants are unreactive with the surface species. In several cases, the latter two challenges can be overcome using energy‐enhanced ALD. Here, we demonstrate RT‐ALD (25°C) processes for Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , and SiO 2 from trimethylaluminum (Al(CH 3 ) 3 , TMA), titanium(IV) tetraiso propoxide (Ti(O i Pr) 4 , TTIP), and bis (diethylamino)silane (SiH 2 (NEt 2 ) 2 , BDEAS) precursors with an O 2 plasma or O 3 gas as co‐reactants. Saturated RT‐ALD growth was obtained for all O 2 plasma processes and TMA/O 3 , whereas the TTIP/O 3 and BDEAS/O 3 processes gave no growth. Using these and literature results, the criteria for viable RT‐ALD processes are discussed.
Toward improved selectivity in cancer chemotherapy: the Richard and Hinda Rosenthal Foundation Award Lecture. (1979)

Abstract Approaches to improving the selectivity of drugs for the treatment of patients with cancer are discussed, with emphasis on folate antagonists as prototype compounds. The use of metabolites (leucovorin, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate) as “rescue” agents following methotrexate treatment with appropriate monitoring of blood levels of methotrexate has led to the safe use of this antimetabolite in high doses and an improved therapeutic index for the use of this drug in some human cancers. The use of methotrexate in conjunction with fluorouracil administration is sequence dependent in experimental tumor models and is being tested in human tumors. New folate antagonists, designed to inhibit thymidylate synthetase per se or as facilitators of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine 5′-monophosphate binding to this enzyme are also discussed. The potential for selectivity using nonclassical folate antagonists is also illustrated; in addition to Baker9s antifol (triazinate), a triazine folate antagonist, now in clinical trial, several 2,4-diaminoquinazolines were found to be potent exhibitors of DNA synthesis in human leukemic leukocytes. Drug resistance to antineoplastic agents continues to be an important clinical problem. By using resistance to methotrexate as an example, exploitation of drug-resistant mutants by design of specific inhibitors is possible. A strategy for the prevention of drug resistance is advanced, based on data derived from experimental systems. It is concluded that large doses of drugs used in intermittent fashion and sequentially in combination may be the best strategy to avoid this problem. An example of this strategy is Adriamycin-cyclophosphamide-Oncovin-methotrexate-1-β-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine, a five-drug sequential combination used to treat diffuse histiocytic lymphoma.
Production of infectious RNA transcripts from Sindbis virus cDNA clones: mapping of lethal mutations, rescue of a temperature-sensitive marker, and in vitro mutagenesis to generate defined mutants (1987)

We constructed full-length cDNA clones of Sindbis virus that can be transcribed in vitro by SP6 RNA polymerase to produce infectious genome-length transcripts. Viruses produced from in vitro transcripts are identical to Sindbis virus and show strain-specific phenotypes reflecting the source of RNA used for cDNA synthesis. The cDNA clones were used to confirm the mapping of the causal mutation of ts2 to the capsid protein. A general strategy for mapping Sindbis virus mutations is described and was used to identify two lethal mutations in an original full-length construct which did not produce infectious transcripts. An XbaI linker was inserted in the cDNA clone near the transcriptional start of the subgenomic mRNA; the resulting virus retains the XbaI recognition sequence, thus providing formal evidence that viruses are derived from in vitro transcripts of cDNA clones. The potential applications of the cDNA clones are discussed.
Road-Sign Text Recognition Architecture for Intelligent Transportation Systems (2014)

Text recognition in the automotive context is a crucial task for Intelligent Transportation Systems. Its objective is to supply the driver with important information found on traffic signs. This information could be speed limits, traffic orders (Stop, for example) or texts that describe the nature of the road ahead. In this paper, a four-stage text recognition strategy is investigated. The first stage uses Histogram of Oriented gradients (HOG) features in combination with a trained suppervector machine (SVM) to detect traffic signs, specifically text-based signs such as speed-limit signs or informative-signs describing traffic situations. The detection stage is followed by a filtering stage. This stage aims to 'clean' the detected traffic sign using some filters. The filters tested in this paper are the Grayscale filter, Bilateral filter, Median filtered, and the Gaussian filler. The filtered image is then fed into the third stage, the recognition stage. An open-source Optical Character Recognition tool (OCR) "Tesseract" is used to read the texts found on the detected traffic signs. The strategy concludes with a fourth stage, i.e., post- processing, in order to add a layer of immunity to false positive and false readings. Finally, we compare our work to the standard HOG-SVM scheme. The results show that our scheme exhibits a higher accuracy over the HOG-SVM scheme.