gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Technical Notes on the Correct Configuration of the Alfred 60/AST Device for the Detection of Urinary Tract Infections (2014)

We have read with interest the recent article by Lahanas and colleagues published in the October 2013 issue of the Journal of Clinical Microbiology ([1][1]). While this study did confirm some useful characteristics of the Alfred 60/AST detection system with a previous report by Ilki et al. from 2010
Expression of soluble and fully functional ricin A chain in Escherichia coli is temperature-sensitive. (1988)

Linkage of ricin A chain (RA) to a cell surface binding antibody or other ligand can result in a potent cytotoxic agent. We expressed the primary sequence for RA in Escherichia coli to facilitate production and to obtain protein free of naturally occurring contaminants, i.e. ricin B chain. Differences in the level of expression and in the characteristics of the expressed protein were noted when several different host/vector systems were tested. Recombinant RA (rRA) was expressed directly under control of the phage lambda major leftward promoter (PL) and the E. coli trp promoter. It was also expressed fused to E. coli alkaline phosphatase sequences, both in the same reading frame for secretion and out-of-reading frame for expression in a cistron-like arrangement. Expression in the PL promoter system, which is temperature-regulated, was achieved at 37 degrees C as well as at 42 degrees C. The protein expressed at these different temperatures had grossly different properties. Whereas rRA expressed at 37 degrees C was soluble and fully active, that produced at 42 degrees C was aggregated, insoluble, and reduced in activity. Soluble rRA could be converted to the insoluble form by incubation at 42 degrees C in vivo, but not in vitro. Hence, this difference in properties does not simply reflect an inherent thermal instability of the protein. Conditions present in vivo, including the possible association with other proteins, are apparently required for this effect on rRA.
Properties of IgG-Binding Proteins Expressed by Streptococcus pyogenes Isolates Are Predictive of Invasive Potential (1996)

Recent clinical Streptococcus pyogenes isolates of the M1 serotype can be grouped according to the IgG-binding properties of their M proteins. One group expressed an IgG-binding M1 protein reactive with human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 (type IIo); the other expressed a protein with predominant reactivity with human IgG3 alone (type IIb). Both IgG-binding protein phenotypes were equally resistant to phagocytosis in human blood; however, when they were injected into a skin air sac on outbred CD1 mice, all mice injected with M1 isolates of the type IIo phenotype were dead within 70 h, while only 40% of those injected with M1 isolates of the type IIb phenotype died within the same period. Bacteria recovered from the spleens of animals that died after injection with type IIb phenotype isolates demonstrated a change in their IgG-binding profile and were indistinguishable, in vitro or in vivo, from isolates displaying the type IIo phenotype.
Genetic Biomarkers for Migraine (2006)

Biomarkers are physical signs or laboratory measurements that occur in association with a pathological process and have putative diagnostic and/or prognostic utility. In migraine, clinical, radiological, and biochemical biomarkers might be helpful to improve diagnosis, get insight in pathophysiology, and facilitate treatment choices. Genetic biomarkers are defined as genetic variations (mutations or polymorphisms) that can predict disease susceptibility, disease outcome, or treatment response. As yet, only a few genetic biomarkers for migraine are available. Mutations in 3 different genes responsible for familial hemiplegic migraine, a monogenetic subtype of migraine with aura, and the MTHFR C677T polymorphism in common forms of migraine are clear examples. Many positive findings from linkage studies and association studies in common forms of migraine have not been replicated, and are therefore of less clinical use. In this review, we will discuss genetic biomarkers in migraine.
White-light emission from an upconverted emission with an organic triplet sensitizer (2009)

An energy upconversion system based on triplet-triplet annihilation exploiting an organic triplet sensitizer is devised and has achieved a white-light emission with a low power laser excitation.
Interface Stability in Solid-State Batteries (2015)

Development of high conductivity solid-state electrolytes for lithium ion batteries has proceeded rapidly in recent years, but incorporating these new materials into high-performing batteries has proven difficult. Interfacial resistance is now the limiting factor in many systems, but the exact mechanisms of this resistance have not been fully explained - in part because experimental evaluation of the interface can be very difficult. In this work, we develop a computational methodology to examine the thermodynamics of formation of resistive interfacial phases. The predicted interfacial phase formation is well correlated with experimental interfacial observations and battery performance. We calculate that thiophosphate electrolytes have especially high reactivity with high voltage cathodes and a narrow electrochemical stability window. We also find that a number of known electrolytes are not inherently stable but react in situ with the electrode to form passivating but ionically conducting barrier layers. As a reference for experimentalists, we tabulate the stability and expected decomposition products for a wide range of electrolyte, coating, and electrode materials including a number of high-performing combinations that have not yet been attempted experimentally.
Suppression and Restoration of Lesion Formation in Arabidopsis lsd Mutants (1995)

Kris Weymann, Michelle Hunt, Scott Uknes, Urs Neuenschwander, Kay Lawton, Henry-York Steiner, John Ryals, Suppression and Restoration of Lesion Formation in Arabidopsis lsd Mutants, The Plant Cell, Vol. 7, No. 12 (Dec., 1995), pp. 2013-2022
Noninvasive Vascular Elastography: Theoretical Framework (2004)

Changes in vessel wall elasticity may be indicative of vessel pathologies. It is known, for example, that the presence of plaque stiffens the vascular wall, and that the heterogeneity of its composition may lead to plaque rupture and thrombosis. Another domain of application where ultrasound elastography may be of interest is the study of vascular wall elasticity to predict the risk of aneurysmal tissue rupture. In this paper, this technology is introduced as an approach to noninvasively characterize superficial arteries. In such a case, a linear array ultrasound transducer is applied on the skin over the region of interest, and the arterial tissue is dilated by the normal cardiac pulsation. The elastograms, the equivalent elasticity images, are computed from the assessment of the vascular tissue motion. Investigating the forward problem, it is shown that motion parameters might be difficult to interpret; that is because tissue motion occurs radially within the vessel wall while the ultrasound beam propagates axially. As a consequence of that, the elastograms are subjected to hardening and softening artefacts, which are to be counteracted. In this paper, the Von Mises (VM) coefficient is proposed as a new parameter to circumvent such mechanical artefacts and to appropriately characterize the vessel wall. Regarding the motion assessment, the Lagrangian estimator was used; that is because it provides the full two-dimensional strain tensor necessary to compute the VM coefficient. The theoretical model was validated with biomechanical simulations of the vascular wall properties. The results allow believing in the potential of the method to differentiate hard plaques and lipid pools from normal vascular tissue. Potential in vivo implementation of noninvasive vascular elastography to characterize abdominal aneurysms and superficial arteries such as the femoral and the carotid is discussed.
Total internal reflection fluorescent microscopy (1983)

This review discusses applications of fluorescence microscopy using totally internally reflected excitation light. When totally internally reflected in a transparent solid at its interface liquid, the excitation light beam penetrates only a short distance into the liquid. This surface electromagnetic field, called the 'evanescent wave', can selectively excite fluorescent molecules in the liquid near the interface. Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) has been used to examine the cell/substrate contact regions of primary cultured rat myotubes with acetylcholine receptors labelled by fluorescent alpha-bungarotoxin and human skin fibroblasts labelled with a membrane-incorporated fluorescent lipid. TIRF examination of cell/surface contacts dramatically reduces background from cell autofluorescence and debris. TIRF has also been combined with fluorescence photobleaching recovery and correlation spectroscopy to measure the chemical kinetic binding rates and surface diffusion constant of fluorescent labelled serum protein binding (at equilibrium) to a surface.
Pathophysiology of Tinnitus (1984)

The hypothesis is presented that certain forms of tinnitus are related to abnormal phase-locking of discharges in groups of auditory nerve fibers. Recent developments in auditory neurophysiology have shown that neural coding of the temporal pattern of sounds plays an important role in the analysis of complex sounds. In addition, it has been demonstrated that when some other cranial nerves are damaged, artificial synapses can occur between individual nerve fibers such that ephaptic transmission between nerve fibers is facilitated. Such "crosstalk" between auditory nerve fibers is assumed to result in phase-locking of the spontaneous activity of groups of neurons which in the absence of external sounds creates a neural pattern that resembles that evoked by sounds.
Anthrax as a Biological Weapon, 2002 (2002)

Specific recommendations include diagnosis of anthrax infection, indications for vaccination, therapy, postexposure prophylaxis, decontamination of the environment, and suggested research. This revised consensus statement presents new information based on the analysis of the anthrax attacks of 2001, including developments in the investigation of the anthrax attacks of 2001; important symptoms, signs, and laboratory studies; new diagnostic clues that may help future recognition of this disease; current anthrax vaccine information; updated antibiotic therapeutic considerations; and judgments about environmental surveillance and decontamination.
Hybrid processes for the removal of acid gases from natural gas (1998)

A process design study and an economic assessment were made of a hybrid process for the removal of up to 40 mole% CO2 and up to 1 mole% H2S from crude natural gas. The hybrid process combines membrane separation and gas absorption in diethanolamine. Membrane separation is to be used first for the bulk removal of acid gases, in particular of CO2, from the crude natural gas feed, while final purification to U.S. pipeline specifications (≤2 mole% CO2, ≤4 ppm H2S) is to be performed by gas absorption. The effects of the following factors on the cost of acid gas removal were examined: feed flow rate, feed pressure, acid gas concentration (CO2 and H2S) in feed, cost of lost methane, membrane properties (CO2 permeability, CO2CH4 selectivity, effective thickness), and membrane replacement cost. For feed streams containing only CO2, the cost of an independent membrane separation process is lower than that of either a hybrid process or of an independent gas absorption process under the conditions assumed in this study, except at pressures below about 500 psia (3,447 kPa). For feed streams containing also up to 1 mole% H2S, the cost of the hybrid process is lower than that of an independent membrane separation process in certain ranges of feed flow rates, pressures, and acid gas concentrations. An independent gas absorption process is not competitive with either the hybrid process or an independent membrane process under most of the conditions of this study.
Design of Very High-Resolution Satellite Telescopes Part I: Optical System Design (2019)

The telescope design of a very high-resolution earth observation satellite is a challenging task, due to several constraints, including the size, mass, performance, tolerance, assembly, integrating, and environmental aspects. However, the demand for very high-resolution satellite imageries has increased day by day due to the numerous commercial and military applications. In this paper, two different optical configurations with ground sampling distance of 25 cm are investigated according to a definite mission statement. The first configuration represents an on-axis Korsch scheme, whereas the second design is based on the arrangement of the off-axis three-mirror anastigmatic configuration. Both designs have the advantage of small conic mirror constants without higher order parameters. Tolerance analysis of both designs utilizing a Monte Carlo algorithm is performed. The suggested baffling arrangements are simulated and tested according to a series of point sources with different off-axis angles. Finally, a comparison between the performance of the proposed designs and a recent study given by the French space agency is presented. The results show that the proposed designs can be implemented by the existing technologies and launched into space by the available launch vehicles.
[Ilomedin (Iloprost) and Buerger disease]. (1995)

Three patients with Buerger's disease, ischaemic ulcers and pain, accepted treatment with ilomedin, a synthetic stable prostaglandin, as a supplement to standard treatment. The patients were treated intravenously, with ilomedin for six hours daily for 28 days. One patient had total healing of his ulcers just after treatment. The ulcers of the other patients showed almost complete healing about two months after treatment. However, the ulcers then returned to their previous size. Ilomedin was then used as preoperative treatment prior to amputation in order to facilitate healing after amputation. Our conclusions are that we now have a promising drug, ilomedin, in the treatment of patients with Buerger's disease, ulcers and pain, but controlled studies are necessary.
Oligonucleotide-europium complex conjugate designed to cleave the 5' cap structure of the ICAM-1 transcript potentiates antisense activity in cells (1999)

The 5' cap structure of mRNA is a N7 methylated guanosine residue that is linked by a 5'-5' triphosphate linkage to the 5'-terminus of cellular and viral RNAs synthesized by RNA polymerase II. This unique structure facilitates several processes of mRNA metabolism, including splicing, nucleocytoplasmic transport,initiation of translation, and degradation. Previous research has demonstrated that the lanthanide macrocycle complex, Eu(THED)3+, effectively cleaves the 5' cap structure of mRNA in solution by nucleophilic attack of the triphosphate linkage via the metal-activated hydroxyethyl group of the THED ligand. This report shows that attachment of a Eu(THED)3+analog to the 3'-terminus of an antisense oligonucleotide, which targets the 5'-terminus of the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 mRNA, potentiates the inhibitory activity of the antisense oligonucleotide in cytokine-treatedendothelial cells.
Design And Characterization Of Fiber-Optic Accelerometers (1988)

Six self-contained fiber-optic accelerometers have been built based on the microbend fiber-optic sensor. The accelerometer systems feature a simple loss-compensation technique that removes the DC offsets that are developed as a result of spurious signals that arise due to cable bending and vibration. The sensor optical and mechanical systems are described and the results of the sensor system calibrations are reported.
Analysis of streptococcal CRISPRs from human saliva reveals substantial sequence diversity within and between subjects over time (2010)

Viruses may play an important role in the evolution of human microbial communities. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) provide bacteria and archaea with adaptive immunity to previously encountered viruses. Little is known about CRISPR composition in members of human microbial communities, the relative rate of CRISPR locus change, or how CRISPR loci differ between the microbiota of different individuals. We collected saliva from four periodontally healthy human subjects over an 11- to 17-mo time period and analyzed CRISPR sequences with corresponding streptococcal repeats in order to improve our understanding of the predominant features of oral streptococcal adaptive immune repertoires. We analyzed a total of 6859 CRISPR bearing reads and 427,917 bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences. We found a core (ranging from 7% to 22%) of shared CRISPR spacers that remained stable over time within each subject, but nearly a third of CRISPR spacers varied between time points. We document high spacer diversity within each subject, suggesting constant addition of new CRISPR spacers. No greater than 2% of CRISPR spacers were shared between subjects, suggesting that each individual was exposed to different virus populations. We detect changes in CRISPR spacer sequence diversity over time that may be attributable to locus diversification or to changes in streptococcal population structure, yet the composition of the populations within subjects remained relatively stable. The individual-specific and traceable character of CRISPR spacer complements could potentially open the way for expansion of the domain of personalized medicine to the oral microbiome, where lineages may be tracked as a function of health and other factors.
ROLE OF ESTROGENS IN HUMAN BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA (2000)

The aging process is associated with a progressive decline of plasma testosterone levels, while estrone and estradiol remain unchanged and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) increases, with reduction of bioavailable testosterone in prostatic tissue with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) the most important androgen is dihydrotestosterone: with its receptors it is almost uniformly distributed in the epithelial and stromal compartment and is not supranormal. Intraprostatic estrogens and their receptors are elevated and concentrated in the stroma. Androgens may act on the prostate indirectly through the production of growth factors; in human BPH no clear evidence exists on the modulatory effect of estrogens on bFGF, KGF and TGFbeta formation. A western diet, characterized by high fat consumption, predisposes men to BPH, while a diet rich in flavonoids and lignanes, containing phyto-estrogens, lowers this risk. These data suggest that in the medical treatment of BPH, antiestrogens or aromatase inhibitors may be used: however, up to now the clinical results of this treatment are not promising and the improvement of the obstructive symptoms does not exceed that of placebo. A possible explanation of this unsatisfactory result could be that the estrogen reduction secondary to the use of aromatase inhibitors is counterbalanced by the rise of androgen precursors.
Acute rheumatic fever and poststreptococcal reactive arthritis: diagnostic and treatment practices of pediatric subspecialists in Canada. (2001)

The lack of observed consistency in diagnosis and treatment in cases of reactive arthritis post-GAS infection likely reflects the lack of universally accepted criteria for diagnosis of PSReA and insufficient longterm data regarding carditis risk within this population. There is a need for clear definitions and treatment guidelines to allow greater consistency in clinical practice across pediatric specialties.
Joint Web-Feature (JFEAT): A Novel Web Page Classification Framework (2010)

With the increasing amount of web pages over the internet, it has been a major concern to obtain information on the internet accurately at a reasonable cost with decent performance. A potential solution is through the classification of web pages into meaningful categories. An effective classification of web pages is of benefit to various applications such as web mining and search engines. Unlike text documents, the nature of web pages limits the performance of successful traditional pure-text classification methods. Noises exist in the form of HTML tags, multimedia contents, dynamic contents and the network structure of web pages which requires a deeper look into effective feature selection of web pages. Often, these features are filtered out relying on the displayed texts of the web page for classification. This paper proposed a framework where web page features are taken into consideration during classification of the web page due to the potential valuable information that might be stored within each of the features. For this reason, this paper explores the potential of the universal Resource Locator (URL), web page title as well as the metadata for information to be used in classification with various categories defined by the users. The framework then explores suitable machine learning algorithms for individual classification of each web feature. The results would then be used for weighted voting to obtain the classification of that webpage. This approach showed improvements over pure-text as well as virtual-webpage classification approaches.
Association of P53 Nuclear Overexpression and Tumor Progression in Carcinoma in situ of the Bladder (1994)

We investigated the prevalence and clinical relevance of p53 nuclear overexpression, as detected by antibody PAb1801 and immunohistochemistry, in 33 patients with carcinoma in situ of the bladder. Median followup was 124 months. Disease progressed in 16 patients (48%) during followup. The association between p53 nuclear overexpression and tumor progression was assessed by multivariate analysis, controlling for possible confounding variables, such as patient age and sex, presence of associated stage Ta bladder tumor and adjuvant bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy. Patients were stratified into 2 groups according to the per cent of tumor cells displaying p53 nuclear overexpression: group 1-18 with less than 20% tumor cells positive and group 2-15 with 20% or more tumor cells positive. Disease progressed in 3 patients (16.7%) in group 1 and in 13 (86.7%) in group 2 (p < 0.0001). Detection of p53 nuclear overexpression in 20% or more tumor cells was the only independent marker of tumor progression in univariate and multivariate analyses (p = 0.004, adjusted relative risk 8.6, 95% confidence interval 2 to 40). Death specifically from bladder cancer was also associated with this altered pattern of p53 expression (p = 0.01, Fisher's exact test). We conclude that p53 nuclear overexpression is an early event in bladder cancer, occurring in 48% of cases of carcinoma in situ of the bladder. Our results also suggest that p53 nuclear overexpression offers significant clinical information and may be a useful tool in the selection of therapy for patients with carcinoma in situ of the bladder.
<title>Space radiation testing of radiation-resistant glasses and crystals</title> (2001)

With the number of cerium doped radiation resistant glasses available to the designer of space optics rapidly decreasing, it is critical to identify and characterize all potential sources of radiation resistant glasses and crystals. Unfortunately much of the data on radiation testing of glasses is quite old and often not completed at very high dose rates as might be experienced by an unshielded space optic in orbit for many years. In addition, many optical glasses and crystals are manufactured today with much higher purity than in the past in order to increase their ultraviolet transmission properties. Consequently these glasses are much more resistant to space radiation than in the past. In this paper we will present gamma radiation effects on the transmission properties of today's fused silica, sapphire, calcium fluoride, barium fluoride, Schott cerium doped radiation resistant glasses, Schott colored glass filters, as well as some infrared glasses with up to a 10 Mrad dose.