gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthetic peptides and peptidomimetics as substrates and inhibitors of thrombin and other proteases in the blood coagulation system. (1994)

The synthesis of peptides as imitations of the thrombin cleavage site of fibrinogen has led to sequences with affinity for the enzyme. These peptides were first developed as chromogenic and fluorogenic substrates for thrombin. The same idea was also used to generate peptide substrates for other serine proteases in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. Amidolytic methods based upon the substrates have revolutionized assays of proenzymes, enzymes, cofactors and inhibitors in research as well as in clinical laboratories. Like peptidomimetics based only on Arg (P1 of the natural substrate) or Arg analogues, these amino acid sequences also have been developed as active site directed inhibitors of thrombin and of factor Xa. A further interesting development is the synthesis of bivalent thrombin inhibitors which, like hirudin, bind to the thrombin active centre as well as to its anionic exosite. Recently, also, it has been shown that the positively charged side chain of P1 Arg is not an absolute necessity for binding a peptide to the active site of thrombin. Several of the new thrombin inhibitors show interesting properties for pharmaceutical development and some of them are on clinical trials.
Poisson's Ratio of Low-Temperature PECVD Silicon Nitride Thin Films (2007)

In this paper, the Poisson's ratio of low-temperature plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited silicon nitride thin films has been determined by a modified double-membrane bulge test. This test method utilizes a square membrane and a large-aspect-ratio rectangular membrane that is fabricated alongside from the same thin film. The Poisson's ratio is determined from the ratio of the bulge deflections of the two membranes under an applied pressure. The method is suitable for determining of either stress-free thin films or those containing low tensile residual stresses. Poisson's ratio values of 0.23 0.02 and 0.25 0.01 were measured for films that were deposited at 125 and 205 , respectively.
Room-Temperature p-n-p AlGaAsSb–InGaAsSb Heterojunction Phototransistors With Cutoff Wavelength at 2.5 $\mu$m (2006)

Novel p-n-p AlGaAsSb-InGaAsSb heterojunction phototransistors (HPTs) grown by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy have been proposed and demonstrated. The p-n-p phototransistor structure provides a higher emitter injection ratio than its n-p-n counterpart, due to the large conduction band offset and almost continuous valence band edges between InGaAsSb and AlGaAsSb quaternary alloys. The resulting HPT devices exhibit high responsivities under a bias voltage above 0.3 V. A high room-temperature spectral responsivity of 2984 A/W is achieved at 2.24 mum, corresponding to an optical gain of 1652. The 50% cutoff wavelength of spectral photoresponse at room temperature is 2.50 mum. A room-temperature specific detectivity (D <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">*</sup> ) of 8.3times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> cm middot Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> /W is obtained
Transfer of a yeast artificial chromosome carrying human DNA from Saccharomyces cerevisiae into mammalian cells. (1990)

To test the feasibility of transferring yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) into mammalian cells, we modified a YAC that carries approximately 450 kilobases (kb) of human DNA, by inserting a neomycin-resistance gene. Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells carrying this YAC were fused by polyethylene glycol to mouse L cells and G418-resistant colonies were obtained. A high percentage of these clones contained virtually intact YAC sequences as revealed by "Alu fingerprint" analysis and restriction enzyme analysis using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, the YAC sequences were stably integrated into the mouse chromosomes, as shown by in situ hybridization and by the stability of the G418 resistance. These results establish that large segments of the mammalian genome, cloned in yeast, can be efficiently transferred into cultured mammalian cells.
Monoclonal hybridoma antibodies to human amyloid related protein SAA. (1982)

Problems concerning isolation and characterization of the amyloid related serum protein SAA in a pure form prompted us to make monoclonal antibodies to the protein. Protein SAA isolated by gel filtration under dissociating conditions was used for immunization of BALB/c mice, and spleen cells from a mouse producing high titred antiserum to SAA were fused with cells from the mouse plasmacytoma line P3U1. Antibody specificity to various preparations of protein SAA was tested using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Monoclonal antibodies with specificity for SAA were obtained in addition to antibodies which reacted with both SAA and the related amyloid protein AA. Antibodies specific for one of the apoC proteins of the lipoprotein fraction were also produced showing that the SAA preparation used for immunization was contaminated with apoC proteins.
Mesothelial Cell Regeneration in Purified Human Amnion Membrane Grafts Implanted in Dog Pericardium (1998)

We prepared a complex membrane consisting of two collagen membranes purified from human amnion and a polyglycolic acid (PGA) mesh. Using this membrane, we produced two types of sheets for pericardial replacement by glutaraldehyde cross-linking followed by succinylation [PGA-amnion (GA-S) sheet] or by dehydrothermal cross-linking followed by hyaluronic acid fixation [PGA-amnion (DHT-H) sheet]. We used these sheets to replace part of the pericardium in dogs, and the state of pericardial repair and regeneration were evaluated. As a control sheet, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (EPTFE) with a thickness of 0.1 mm was used. After implantation of the PGA-amnion (DHT-H) sheet, soft connective tissue with abundant capillaries was observed, and its surface was covered with a mesothelial cell layer with many microvilli. The basement membrane was nearly normal. After implantation of the PGA-amnion (GA-S) sheet, dense connective tissue was observed, and its surface was covered with mesothelial cells. However, there were only a few microvilli, and the basement membrane was incomplete. After implantation of the EPTFE sheet, only a multilayer structure of dense connective tissue was observed. The connective tissue was exposed without mesothelial cells on its surface. Thus, pericardial repair and regeneration were induced by implantation of a sheet produced by dehydrothermal cross-linking, which does not impair the chemical properties of collagen purified from human amnion.
Distinct cell surface ligands mediate T lymphocyte attachment and rolling on P and E selectin under physiological flow. (1994)

Memory T lymphocytes extravasate at sites of inflammation, but the mechanisms employed by these cells to initiate contact and tethering with endothelium are incompletely understood. An important part of leukocyte extravasation is the initiation of rolling adhesions on endothelial selectins; such events have been studied in monocytes and neutrophils but not lymphocytes. In this study, the potential of T lymphocytes to adhere and roll on endothelial selectins in vitro was investigated. We demonstrate that T cells can form tethers and rolling adhesions on P selectin and E selectin under physiologic flow conditions. Tethering and rolling on P selectin was independent of cell-surface cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA) expression, which correlated strictly with the capacity of T cells to form rolling adhesions under flow on E selectin. T cell tethering to P selectin was abolished by selective removal of cell surface sialomucins by a P. haemolytica O-glycoprotease, while cutaneous lymphocyte antigen expression was unaffected. A sialomucin molecule identical or closely related to P selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), the major P selectin ligand on neutrophils and HL-60 cells, appears to be a major T cell ligand for P selectin. P selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 does not appear to support T cell rolling on E selectin. In turn, E selectin ligands do not appear to be associated with sialomucins. These data demonstrate the presence of structurally distinct ligands for P or E selectins on T cells, provide evidence that both ligands can be coexpressed on a single T cell, and mediate tethering and rolling on the respective selectins in a mutually exclusive fashion.
MDM2 and Human Malignancies: Expression, Clinical Pathology, Prognostic Markers, and Implications for Chemotherapy (2005)

The human homologue of the mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) oncogene is overexpressed in more than forty different types of malignancies, including solid tumors, sarcomas and leukemias. Because of its prevalent expression and its interactions with p53 and other signaling molecules, MDM2 plays a central role in cancer development and progression. The expression of this oncoprotein is being studied by researchers world-wide, and the amount of data published about it is increasing exponentially. Although there are some conflicting data about the effects of MDM2 expression in individual cancers, the overall evidence is convincing, indicating that increased MDM2 expression is related to a worse clinical prognosis. There is an increased likelihood of distant metastases, as well as a decreased response to therapeutic intervention in MDM2-positive cancers. MDM2 may also serve as a diagnostic marker, not only for cancer stage, but to differentiate between similar cancers. MDM2 may also be associated with drug resistance in cancer chemotherapy. These findings make studying the oncoprotein necessary to aid in our understanding of cancer development, to identify novel cancer drug targets, and to increase the efficacy of cancer therapy.
LOCALIZATION OF INTERLEUKIN-1α, TYPE 1 INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR AND INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST IN THE SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE AND CARTILAGE/PANNUS JUNCTION IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (1992)

Using monoclonal antibodies and immunohistochemical techniques we have investigated the presence and distribution of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), type 1 IL-1 receptor (IL-1R1) and of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) in synovial tissue from 18 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and eight osteoarthritis (OA) patients and in eight normal synovial tissue samples. IL-1 alpha and IL-1R1 were found in all of the samples examined. In RA, there were a large number of synovial cells expressing IL-1 alpha and IL-1R1, with 85 and 90% positive cells in the lining layer, 45 and 80% in the interaggregate area, and 90% of the vascular endothelial cells. In the lymphoid aggregates, 20% of the cells contained IL-1 alpha and 70% expressed IL-1R1. IL-1 alpha and IL-1R1 expressing cells showed a similar distribution in OA synovial membrane, but there was a smaller number of positive cells in the deeper area; and the staining intensity was lower. In contrast to IL-1 alpha and IL-1R1, IL-1ra was found only in 10/18 RA, 5/8 OA and 2/8 normal tissue samples. IL-1ra was detected in 35% of RA and 45% OA lining layer cells; 25% RA and 35% OA vascular endothelium; 10% RA and 15% OA interstitial cells and 30% cells in RA lymphoid aggregate. The staining intensity in both RA and OA tissues was comparably low. The presence of IL-1ra in RA and OA tissues was confirmed by Northern blot analysis for IL-1ra mRNA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Panoramic video textures (2005)

This paper describes a mostly automatic method for taking the output of a single panning video camera and creating a panoramic video texture (PVT): a video that has been stitched into a single, wide field of view and that appears to play continuously and indefinitely. The key problem in creating a PVT is that although only a portion of the scene has been imaged at any given time, the output must simultaneously portray motion throughout the scene. Like previous work in video textures, our method employs min-cut optimization to select fragments of video that can be stitched together both spatially and temporally. However, it differs from earlier work in that the optimization must take place over a much larger set of data. Thus, to create PVTs, we introduce a dynamic programming step, followed by a novel hierarchical min-cut optimization algorithm. We also use gradient-domain compositing to further smooth boundaries between video fragments. We demonstrate our results with an interactive viewer in which users can interactively pan and zoom on high-resolution PVTs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bromine Derivatives of 1‐(4‐Hydroxyphenyl)dihydrouracil and 1‐(4‐Hydroxyphenyl)‐5‐ or ‐6‐methyldihydrouracils. (1983)

Abstract Die Bromierung der 4‐Hydroxyphenyl‐dihydrouracile (I) führt zu 5‐Brom‐ bzw. 5,5‐Dibromderivaten (II) bzw. (III).
Regulation of heart development and function through combinatorial interactions of transcription factors (2001)

Understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling cardiac-specific gene transcription requires the dissection of the cis-elements that govern the complex spatio-temporal expression of these genes. The four-chambered vertebrate heart is formed during the late phases of fetal development following a series of complex morphogenetic events that require the functional presence of different proteins. The gradient-like expression of some genes, as well as the chamber-specific expression of others, is tightly regulated by combinatorial interactions of several transcription factors and their cofactors. Chamber- and stage-specific cardiac myocyte cultures have been invaluable for identifying transcription factor binding sites involved in basal, chamber-specific, and inducible expression of many cardiac promoters; these studies, which were largely confirmed in vivo in transgenic mouse models, led to the isolation of key regulators of heart development. In addition, the use of pluripotent embryonic stem cells helped elucidate the early molecular events controlling cardiomyocyte differentiation. Together, these studies point to a major role for GATA transcription factors and their interacting partners in transcriptional control of heart development. In addition, members of the T-box family of transcription factors and homeodomain containing proteins, together with chamber-restricted transcriptional repressors and co-repressors play critical roles in heart septation and chamber specification. These fine-tuned cooperative interactions between different classes of proteins are at the basis of normal cardiac function, and alteration in their expression level or function leads to cardiac pathologies.
Effect of distillers dried grains with solubles and ractopamine (Paylean) on quality and shelf-life of fresh pork and bacon (2010)

Pigs (n = 240) were allotted in a 5 x 2 factorial arrangement with 5 levels of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS): 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60%, and 2 ractopamine (RAC) levels: 0 and 5 mg/kg. Four pigs per pen (2 barrows, 2 gilts) closest to pen mean BW were used for meat quality evaluation. Loins (n = 119) were evaluated for objective color; moisture and fat; subjective color, marbling, and firmness; and drip loss. Bellies (n = 119) were evaluated for weight, length, width, thickness, objective fat color, and firmness. Cured bellies were evaluated for pump yield, cook loss, and sliced bacon cook loss. Loin thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were evaluated on enhanced (salt and phosphate) boneless chops held in modified atmosphere (80% O(2)/20% CO(2)) packages for 0, 7, 14, and 21 d. Bacon TBARS were evaluated on sliced bacon held in vacuum packages for 0, 28, 56, and 84 d. Fat samples were collected from each jowl and belly and evaluated for fatty acid profile and iodine value (IV). Increasing DDGS decreased subjective marbling (P = 0.0134) and firmness (P = 0.0235), and increased drip loss (P = 0.0046). Distillers dried grains with solubles did not affect loin pH, subjective or objective color, percent moisture, or percent fat (P > 0.05). The RAC decreased subjective color (P = 0.0239), marbling (P = 0.0445), and a* (P = 0.0355). Increasing DDGS decreased belly weight (P = 0.0155), length (P = 0.0008), thickness (P = 0.0019), and firmness (P = 0.0054); decreased belly fat L* (P = 0.0818); and increased belly cook loss (P = 0.0890). Ractopamine did not affect any belly measurements, and there were no DDGS x RAC interactions (P > 0.05). Distillers dried grains with solubles did not affect loin TBARS at 0, 7, or 14 d. At 21 d, loin TBARS from 30, 45, and 60% DDGS groups were increased compared with 0 and 15% groups (P < 0.05). Ractopamine did not affect (P > 0.05) loin TBARS, and there were no (P > 0.05) DDGS x RAC interactions. Distillers dried grains with solubles and RAC did not affect bacon TBARS (P > 0.05). Increasing DDGS increased belly (P = 0.0207) and jowl (P < 0.0001) IV, and decreased MUFA:PUFA in belly (P < 0.0001) and jowl (P < 0.0001) fat. Ratio of SFA:unsaturated fatty acids decreased in jowl (P = 0.0002) and belly fat (P = 0.2815). Ractopamine did not affect fatty acid profiles or IV, and there were no DDGS x RAC interactions (P > 0.05). Results indicate that increased DDGS have minimal effects on loin quality, but decrease belly quality, bacon processing characteristics, and fat stability. Ractopamine does not negatively affect these characteristics and does not interact with DDGS.
Implicit Beliefs About Change: A Theory-Grounded Measure Applied to Community Organizations Serving Children, Youth, and Families (1996)

The aim of this study was to design and evaluate a theory-grounded measure that taps staff beliefs about the possibility for change in an organization which serves children, youth and families at the community level. The rationale for measuring staff beliefs about change derived from a motivation theory that features two contrasting beliefs structures (entity vs. incremental), and the goals and behavioral dispositions associated with each (Dweck & Leggett, 1988). Twenty-nine individuals associated with the community-based organization completed the newly developed Implicit Beliefs About Change Scale (IBACS) and participatedi n a semi-structured interview. Quantitative analyses indicated that the IBACS has good internal consistency, and yields sufficient response variance. Content analysis of the semi-structured interviews, used to assess the scale's construct validity, uncovered distinctive and theory-consistent behavioral dispositions among those staff members whose beliefs regarding change could be characterized as either incremental or entity in nature. Implications for staff development and future research are discussed.
Boron Doped Diamond Biosensor for Detection of Escherichia coli (2008)

o-Nitrophenol, released from o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranose as catalyzed by beta-galactosidase, a tetramer of Escherichia coli, has been exploited for the detection of E. coli contamination in foodstuffs. This reaction was detected using a boron doped diamond electrode poised at +0.93 V, without any surface modification. The enzyme was effectively induced by isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalacto-pyranoside with the maximum enzyme activity observed with sodium dodecyl sulfate at 50 degrees C. A biphasic calibration plot was observed: 4 x 10(4) to 2 x 10(5) cells/mL and 2 x 10(5) to 6 x 10(6) cells/mL for the first and second region, respectively. The detection limit was 4 x 10(4) cells/mL with a total analysis time of <1.5 h. Electrode fouling was easily overcome by approximately 40 rapid CV scans, and the method was applicable for detecting E. coli in artificially spiked samples of beef, pork, chicken, milk, and tap water.
Enzymes for the NADPH‐dependent reduction of dihydroxyacetone and D‐glyceraldehyde and L‐glyceraldehyde in the mould Hypocrea jecorina (2006)

The mould Hypocrea jecorina (Trichoderma reesei) has two genes coding for enzymes with high similarity to the NADP-dependent glycerol dehydrogenase. These genes, called gld1 and gld2, were cloned and expressed in a heterologous host. The encoded proteins were purified and their kinetic properties characterized. GLD1 catalyses the conversion of d-glyceraldehyde and l-glyceraldehyde to glycerol, whereas GLD2 catalyses the conversion of dihydroxyacetone to glycerol. Both enzymes are specific for NADPH as a cofactor. The properties of GLD2 are similar to those of the previously described NADP-dependent glycerol-2-dehydrogenases (EC 1.1.1.156) purified from different mould species. It is a reversible enzyme active with dihydroxyacetone or glycerol as substrates. GLD1 resembles EC 1.1.1.72. It is also specific for NADPH as a cofactor but has otherwise completely different properties. GLD1 reduces d-glyceraldehyde and l-glyceraldehyde with similar affinities for the two substrates and similar maximal rates. The activity in the oxidizing reaction with glycerol as substrate was under our detection limit. Although the role of GLD2 is to facilitate glycerol formation under osmotic stress conditions, we hypothesize that GLD1 is active in pathways for sugar acid catabolism such as d-galacturonate catabolism.
In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of denture adhesive. (2000)

The generally favorable in vitro cytotoxicity of the denture adhesive formulation indicates that this product may be efficacious.
Versuche zur Umlagerung von 2‐Cyclopropyl‐äthyl‐Anionen (1972)

Abstract Die α‐deuterierte 2‐Cyclopropyl‐äthyl‐Grignardverbindung 4 sowie die entsprechende Lithiumverbindung 23 wurden dargestellt und in verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln auf ihre Fähigkeit zur Umlagerung untersucht. Da keine Umlagerung festzustellen war, versuchte man den intramolekularen nucleophilen Angriff durch Phenylsubstituenten am Cyclopropanring zu erleichtern. Die Carboxylierungsprodukte der metallorganischen Verbindungen 42 und 44 wurden zusätzlich mit Hilfe der Gaschromatographie untersucht. Mischchromatogramme mit den zu erwartenden Umlagerungsprodukten 41 und 51 , die auf unabhängigem Weg synthetisiert worden waren, bewiesen, daß die Umlagerung nicht einmal in Spuren stattgefunden hatte. Vielmehr erfolgte Zersetzung durch das Lösungsmittel, wobei je nach Lösungsmittel verschiedene Sekundärreaktionen beobachtet wurden.
Circulating microRNAs, potential biomarkers for drug-induced liver injury (2009)

Drug-induced liver injury is a frequent side effect of many drugs, constitutes a significant threat to patient health and has an enormous economic impact on health care expenditures. Numerous efforts have been made to identify reliable and predictive markers to detect the early signs of drug-induced injury to the liver, one of the most vulnerable organs in the body. These studies have, however, not delivered any more informative candidates than the serum aminotransferase markers that have been available for approximately 30 years. Using acetaminophen overdose-induced liver injury in the mouse as a model system, we have observed highly significant differences in the spectrum and levels of microRNAs in both liver tissues and in plasma between control and overdosed animals. Based on our survey of microRNA expression among normal tissues, some of the microRNAs, like messenger RNAs, display restricted tissue distributions. A number of elevated circulating microRNAs in plasma collected from acetaminophen-overdosed animals are highly expressed in the liver. We have demonstrated that specific microRNA species, such as mir-122 and mir-192, both are enriched in the liver tissue and exhibit dose- and exposure duration-dependent changes in the plasma that parallel serum aminotransferase levels and the histopathology of liver degeneration, but their changes can be detected significantly earlier. These findings suggest the potential of using specific circulating microRNAs as sensitive and informative biomarkers for drug-induced liver injury.