gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abnormal Testosterone Levels in Partners of Patients Using Testosterone Gels (2005)

We measured prostate specific antigen after 12 months of testosterone replacement therapy in hypogonadal men.Data were collected from the TRiUS (Testim® Registry in the United States), an observational registry of hypogonadal men on testosterone replacement therapy (849). Participants were Testim naïve, had no prostate cancer and received 5 to 10 gm Testim 1% (testosterone gel) daily.A total of 451 patients with prostate specific antigen and total testosterone values were divided into group A (197 with total testosterone less than 250 ng/dl) and group B (254 with total testosterone 250 ng/dl or greater). The groups differed significantly in free testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin, but not in age or prostate specific antigen. In group A but not group B prostate specific antigen correlated significantly with total testosterone (r = 0.20, p = 0.005), free testosterone (r = 0.22, p = 0.03) and sex hormone-binding globulin (r = 0.59, p = 0.002) at baseline. After 12 months of testosterone replacement therapy, increase in total testosterone (mean ± SD) was statistically significant in group A (+326 ± 295 ng/dl, p <0.001; final total testosterone 516 ± 28 ng/dl) and group B (+154 ± 217 ng/dl, p <0.001; final total testosterone 513 ± 20 ng/dl). After 12 months of testosterone replacement therapy, increase in prostate specific antigen was statistically significant in group A (+0.19 ± 0.61 ng/ml, p = 0.02; final prostate specific antigen 1.26 ± 0.96 ng/ml) but not in group B (+0.28 ± 1.18 ng/ml, p = 0.06; final prostate specific antigen 1.55 ± 1.72 ng/ml). The average percent prostate specific antigen increase from baseline was higher in group A (21.9%) than in group B (14.1%). Overall the greatest prostate specific antigen was observed after 1 month of treatment and decreased thereafter.Patients with baseline total testosterone less than 250 ng/dl were more likely to have an increased prostate specific antigen after testosterone replacement therapy than those with baseline total testosterone 250 ng/dl or greater, supporting the prostate saturation hypothesis. Clinicians should be aware that severely hypogonadal patients may experience increased prostate specific antigen after testosterone replacement therapy.
Using and determining location in a context-sensitive tour guide (2001)

In a study that provided unique insights into the challenges associated with developing location-based applications, the Lancaster Guide project used members of the general public to test a network-centric electronic tourist guide. We discuss two main topics. The first is our choice of positioning technology - beacons that broadcast using an IEEE 802.11 wireless network combined with user input. The second topic concerns techniques for generating custom tours for electronic city-guide systems. Guide generates these custom tours by taking into account multiple contextual triggers and user preferences. In practice, producing good tours and, indeed, assessing the quality of a tour are difficult tasks. While our analysis of techniques for producing custom tours is somewhat specific to the city-guide domain we believe that the majority of our work is relevant to location-based systems in general.
<title>3D profilometry using a dynamically configurable confocal microscope</title> (1999)

Confocal microscopy is a powerful tool that has been used in the development of 3D profilometers for depth-section image capture and surface measurements. Previously developed confocal microscopes operated by scanning a single point, or array of points, over the surface of a sample. The 3D profilometer we constructed acquires measurement data using a confocal microscopy technique, where transverse surface scanning is performed by a digital micromirror device (DMD). The DMD is imaged onto the object's surface allowing for confocal surface scanning of the field of view at a rate faster than video rate without physical movement of the sample. 3D reconstruction is performed a posteriori from stacks of 2D image planes acquired at different depths. A description of the experimental setup with system design issues and solutions are presented. Backscatter noise and diffraction noise due to the periodic micromirror structure is minimized using spatial filtering and polarization coding techniques. Using a 100x objective, the longitudinal point spread function was measured at 2.1 micrometers , with simultaneous transverse resolution of 228.0 lines/mm. The optical resolution performance of our microscope with real-time scanning provided by the DMD, is shown to be effectively equivalent to those of conventional confocal microscopes. The 3D images capabilities of our scanning system using the DMD were demonstrated on various objects.
The crystal structure of Prussian Blue: Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3.xH2O (1977)

LCR
HOW HORSES GALLOP UP HILL (2008)

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Biomechanics studies of galloping have a long and august history. In 1878 Eadweard Muybridge's photographs of a galloping horse, taken with 24 cameras at Stanford University, proved what the human eye could not see: that the galloping animal becomes airborne for a brief instant
Interaction of Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) with Estrogen Receptor (ER) α and Activator Protein 1 (AP1) in Dexamethasone-mediated Interference of ERα Activity (2013)

The role of glucocorticoids in the inhibition of estrogen (17-β-estradiol (E2))-regulated estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cell proliferation is well established. We and others have seen that synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (Dex) antagonizes E2-stimulated endogenous ERα target gene expression. However, how glucocorticoids negatively regulate the ERα signaling pathway is still poorly understood. ChIP studies using ERα- and glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-positive MCF-7 cells revealed that GR occupies several ERα-binding regions (EBRs) in cells treated with E2 and Dex simultaneously. Interestingly, there was little or no GR loading to these regions when cells were treated with E2 or Dex alone. The E2+Dex-dependent GR recruitment is associated with the displacement of ERα and steroid receptor coactivator-3 from the target EBRs leading to the repression of ERα-mediated transcriptional activation. The recruitment of GR to EBRs requires assistance from ERα and FOXA1 and is facilitated by AP1 binding within the EBRs. The GR binding to EBRs is mediated via direct protein-protein interaction between the GR DNA-binding domain and ERα. Limited mutational analyses indicate that arginine 488 located within the C-terminal zinc finger domain of the GR DNA-binding domain plays a critical role in stabilizing this interaction. Together, the results of this study unravel a novel mechanism involved in glucocorticoid inhibition of ERα transcriptional activity and E2-mediated cell proliferation and thus establish a foundation for future exploitation of the GR signaling pathway in the treatment of ER-positive breast cancer.
Molecular mechanisms and selection influence the generation of the human V lambda J lambda repertoire. (1999)

To define the lambda light chain repertoire in humans, a single-cell PCR technique using genomic DNA obtained from individual peripheral B cells was employed. Of the 30 known functional V lambda genes, 23 were detected in either the nonproductive or productive repertoires. Specific V lambda genes, including 2A2, 2B2, 1G, and 4B, were overexpressed in the nonproductive repertoire, whereas some V lambda genes, such as 3R, 2A2, 2B2, 1C, 1G, and 1B, were overexpressed in the productive repertoire. Comparison of the nonproductive and productive repertoires indicated that no V lambda genes were positively selected, whereas a number of V lambda genes, including 4C, 1G, 5B, and 4B, were negatively regulated. All four of the functional J lambda segments were found in both repertoires, with J lambda 7 observed most often. Evidence of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase activity was noted in nearly 80% of nonproductive V lambda J lambda rearrangements, and exonuclease activity was apparent in the majority. Despite this, the mean CDR3 length was 30 base pairs in both productive and nonproductive repertoires, suggesting that it was tightly regulated at the molecular level. These results have provided new insights into the dimensions of the human V lambda repertoire and the influences that shape it.
Implantation of Vascular Grafts Lined with Genetically Modified Endothelial Cells (1989)

The possibility of using the vascular endothelial cell as a target for gene replacement therapy was explored. Recombinant retroviruses were used to transduce the lacZ gene into endothelial cells harvested from mongrel dogs. Prosthetic vascular grafts seeded with the genetically modified cells were implanted as carotid interposition grafts into the dogs from which the original cells were harvested. Analysis of the graft 5 weeks after implantation revealed genetically modified endothelial cells lining the luminal surface of the graft. This technology could be used in the treatment of atherosclerosis disease and the design of new drug delivery systems.
Short Versions of the Timed Manual Performance Test (1993)

The Timed Manual Performance test is gaining wider use as a measure of functional status in research and clinical settings. It is a rather lengthy 27-item test, however, requiring the use of a large cumbersome panel of doors. The authors, therefore, studied 1,286 community-dwelling elderly subjects recruited through their primary care provider to: 1) reduce the number of items in the Timed Manual Performance (TMP) test and 2) assess the reliability and validity of the shorter versions of the TMP compared with the 27-item TMP. Using principal components analysis, we identified two shorter measures, TMP (Doors) consisting of five board tasks and TMP (Table) consisting of six table tasks. Timed Manual Performance (Doors) and TMP (Table) involve less equipment than the original TMP and have higher rates of completion. Furthermore, not only are these tests reliable (alpha = 0.79 and 0.82 for TMP [Doors] and TMP [Table], respectively), they appear to be better measures of manual performance compared with the 27-item TMP.
Post‐Functionalization of Polymers via Orthogonal Ligation Chemistry (2013)

The establishment of advanced living/controlled polymerization protocols allows for engineering synthetic polymers in a precise fashion. Combining advanced living/controlled polymerization techniques with highly efficient coupling chemistries facilitates quantitative, modular, and orthogonal functionalization of synthetic polymer strands at their chain termini as well as side-chain functionalization. The review highlights the current status of selected post-functionalization techniques of polymers via orthogonal ligation chemistries, major characteristics of the specific transformation chemistry, as well as the characterization of the products.
Magnetooptic erasable disk memory with two optical heads (1986)

A long lifetime and high-performance MO erasable disk memory is described. It has two optical heads for the erase and write operation. Previous information is erased by the erase head; subsequently, new information is recorded by the write head, which is equivalent to an overwrite operation for a magnetic memory. The recording medium is TbCo; this has a longer lifetime than other media, which contain Fe. All components are compactly formed into a standard 13.3-cm (5.25-in.) magnetic memory drive size. This disk memory will be used as a large capacity digital memory for desktop computers or personal computers.
Vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation in culture is associated with reorganisation of contractile and cytoskeletal proteins (2001)

Smooth muscle cells (SMC) exhibit a functional plasticity, modulating from the mature phenotype in which the primary function is contraction, to a less differentiated state with increased capacities for motility, protein synthesis, and proliferation. The present study determined, using Western analysis, double-label immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy, whether changes in phenotypic expression of rabbit aortic SMC in culture could be correlated with alterations in expression and distribution of structural proteins. "Contractile" state SMC (days 1 and 3 of primary culture) showed distinct sorting of proteins into subcellular domains, consistent with the theory that the SMC structural machinery is compartmentalised within the cell. Proteins specialised for contraction (alpha-SM actin, SM-MHC, and calponin) were highly expressed in these cells and concentrated in the upper central region of the cell. Vimentin was confined to the body of the cell, providing support for the contractile apparatus but not co-localising with it. In line with its role in cell attachment and motility, beta-NM actin was localised to the cell periphery and basal cortex. The dense body protein alpha-actinin was concentrated at the cell periphery, possibly stabilising both contractile and motile apparatus. Vinculin-containing focal adhesions were well developed, indicating the cells' strong adhesion to substrate. In "synthetic" state SMC (passages 2-3 of culture), there was decreased expression of contractile and adhesion (vinculin) proteins with a concomitant increase in cytoskeletal proteins (beta-non-muscle [NM] actin and vimentin). These quantitative changes in structural proteins were associated with dramatic changes in their distribution. The distinct compartmentalisation of structural proteins observed in "contractile" state SMC was no longer obvious, with proteins more evenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm to accommodate altered cell function. Thus, SMC phenotypic modulation involves not only quantitative changes in contractile and cytoskeletal proteins, but also reorganisation of these proteins. Since the cytoskeleton acts as a spatial regulator of intracellular signalling, reorganisation of the cytoskeleton may lead to realignment of signalling molecules, which, in turn, may mediate the changes in function associated with SMC phenotypic modulation.
Gene expression patterns in gastric cancer. (2006)

The differentially expressed gene patterns and some important genes were identified, which might be useful in further study on carcinogenesis, progression and metastasis of intestinal-type GC.
Phosphate groups as substrate determinants for casein kinase I action. (1990)

Phosphorylation of rabbit muscle glycogen synthase by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase has been shown to enhance subsequent phosphorylation by casein kinase I (Flotow, H., and Roach, P. J. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 9126-9128). In the present study, synthetic peptides based on the sequences of the four phosphorylated regions in muscle glycogen synthase were used to probe the role of substrate phosphorylation in casein kinase I action. With all four peptides, prior phosphorylation significantly stimulated phosphorylation by casein kinase I. A series of peptides was synthesized based on the NH2-terminal glycogen synthase sequence PLSRTLS7VSS10LPGL, in which phosphorylation at Ser7 is required for modification of Ser10 by casein kinase I. The spacing between the P-Ser and the acceptor Ser was varied to have 1, 2, or 3 intervening residues. The peptide with a 2-residue spacing (-S(P)-X-X-S-) was by far the best casein kinase I substrate. When the P-Ser residue at Ser7 was replaced with P-Thr, the resulting peptide was still a casein kinase I substrate. However, substitution of Asp or Glu residues at Ser7 led to peptides that were not phosphorylated by casein kinase I. Phosphorylation of one of the other peptides showed that Thr could also be the phosphate acceptor. From these results, we propose that there are substrates for casein kinase I for which prior phosphorylation is a critical determinant of protein kinase action. In these instances, an important recognition motif for casein kinase I appears to be -S(P)/T(P)-Xn-S/T- with n = 2 much more effective than n = 1 or n = 3. Thus, casein kinase I may be involved in hierarchal substrate phosphorylation schemes in which its activity is controlled by the phosphorylation state of its substrates.
Mice Lacking the β3Subunit of the GABAAReceptor Have the Epilepsy Phenotype and Many of the Behavioral Characteristics of Angelman Syndrome (1998)

Angelman syndrome (AS) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder resulting from a deletion/mutation in maternal chromosome 15q11-13. The genes in 15q11-13 contributing to the full array of the clinical phenotype are not fully identified. This study examines whether a loss or reduction in the GABAA receptor beta3 subunit (GABRB3) gene, contained within the AS deletion region, may contribute to the overall severity of AS. Disrupting the gabrb3 gene in mice produces electroencephalographic abnormalities, seizures, and behavior that parallel those seen in AS. The seizures that are observed in these mice showed a pharmacological response profile to antiepileptic medications similar to that observed in AS. Additionally, these mice exhibited learning and memory deficits, poor motor skills on a repetitive task, hyperactivity, and a disturbed rest-activity cycle, features all common to AS. The loss of the single gene, gabrb3, in these mice is sufficient to cause phenotypic traits that have marked similarities to the clinical features of AS, indicating that impaired expression of the GABRB3 gene in humans probably contributes to the overall phenotype of Angelman syndrome. At least one other gene, the E6-associated protein ubiquitin-protein ligase (UBE3A) gene, has been implicated in AS, so the relative contribution of the GABRB3 gene alone or in combination with other genes remains to be established.
Rational Synthesis and Structural Characterizations of Complex TiSi2 Nanostructures (2009)

We present in this article our successes in synthesizing TiSi2 nanostructures with various complexities using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. Attention has been paid to understanding the growth mechanism. The governing factor was found to be the surface energy differences between various crystal planes of orthorhombic TiSi2 (C54 and C49), because of their specific atomic arrangements of Si and Ti on the surfaces. This understanding has allowed us to control the growth morphologies and obtained one-dimensional (1D) nanowires, two-dimensional (2D) nanonets and three-dimensional (3D) complexes with rational designs by tuning the precursor chemical reactions. Careful studies of the atomically-resolved microstructures revealed the existence of distorted C54 phases in 3D complexes, which was attributed to playing the key role in the unique structure formation. These results are expected to shed light on metal silicide nanostructure growths broadly and to present opportunities for novel nanostructure syntheses.
An efficient method for the detection and elimination of systematic error in high-throughput screening (2007)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Mitigating the true cost of advertisement-supported "free" mobile applications (2012)

The dominant, "ad-supported free application" model for consumer-oriented mobile computing is seemingly imperiled by the growing global adoption of metered data pricing plans by mobile operators. In this paper, we explore the opportunities for addressing this emerging conflict by enabling more intelligent ad delivery to such mobile devices. One especially promising path is leveraging the increasing availability of heterogeneous wireless access technologies (e.g., WiFi, femtocells) that offer less restrictive and more energy-efficient transport substrates for such data traffic. To understand the possibilities that exist, we first profile the advertisement traffic characteristics for some of the most popular advertisement-supported consumer applications, and then analyze the key features of mobile advertisement delivery. We then outline the principles of CAMEO, a middleware that uses predictive profiling of a user's {device, network and usage} context to anticipate the advertisements that need to be served, and then modulates their delivery mechanism to enable effective mobile advertising, but at considerably lower costs.
Time-division multiplexing of interferometric fiber sensors using passive phase-generated carrier interrogation (1987)

The multiplexing and demodulation of interferometric sensors using a time-division/phase-generated carrier approach is described. The scheme uses slightly unbalanced interferometers and laser frequency modulation to effect the interrogation of the sensors, while the time-division multiplexing allows individual sensors to be addressed. Phase sensitivities of ~20 microrad/ radicalHz and cross-talk levels of <-47 dB are demonstrated for a three-sensor network.
Replication, establishment of latent infection, expression of the latency-associated transcripts and explant reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 34.5 mutants in a mouse eye model (1995)

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) gamma 34.5 gene is located within a region that is transcriptionally active during latent HSV-1 infection. To determine whether the gamma 34.5 gene deletion affects latency-associated transcript (LAT) gene expression or latent HSV-1 infection, a gamma 34.5 gene deletion mutant, 1716, and a stop codon insertion mutant, 1771, were studied in the mouse eye model. Although the gamma 34.5 gene is not essential, 1716 and 1771 replicated poorly in mouse eyes and trigeminal ganglia (TG). When mice were inoculated with 1716, infectious virus was detected in eyes only on the first day post-infection (p.i.), and was not detected at any time point in TG. Following inoculation with 1771, a small amount of virus was detected in the eyes on days 2 and 4 p.i., and in the TG of one animal on day 2 p.i. Reactivation of virus from mice latently infected with 1716 (0/30 TG) and 1771 (1/20 TG) was extremely low compared with the parental strain, 17+, and appropriate rescuants (80 to 100% reactivation), even though latent 1716 DNA was detected by PCR in 50% of TG. These results differ from those obtained following footpad inoculation; in the footpad there was limited 1716 replication and reactivatable latent infection was established in some dorsal root ganglia. The data support the hypothesis that the role of gamma 34.5 may be tissue and/or cell type specific. The synthesis, processing, and stability of the 2.0 kb LAT during 1716 and 1771 replication was not affected by these mutations in the gamma 34.5 gene. However, during latent infection of 1716 in mice the LATs were not detectable in TG by Northern blot, and were present in reduced amounts (approximately 10-fold less) during 1771 latency. The LATs from 1716 were barely detectable in a few neurons by in situ hybridization. Therefore, the gamma 34.5 gene might (i) affect replication in the eye, and reduce the amount of virus available to establish latent infection, be directly involved in (ii) establishment of latency, and/or (iii) the reactivation process.