gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Developmental Changes in the Delayed Rectifier K+Channels in Mouse Heart (1996)

Expression of cardiac transient outward current and inwardly rectifying K+ current is age dependent. However, little is known about age-related changes in cardiac delayed rectifier K+ current (IK, with rapidly and slowly activating components, IKr and IKs, respectively). Accordingly, the purpose of the present study was to assess developmental changes in IK channels in fetal, neonatal, and adult mouse ventricles. Three techniques were used: conventional microelectrode to measure the action potential, voltage clamp to record macroscopic currents of IK, and radioligand assay to examine [3H]dofetilide binding sites. The extent of prolongation of action potential duration at 95% repolarization (APD95) by a selective IKr blocker, dofetilide (1 mumol/L), dramatically decreased from fetal (137% +/- 18%) to day-1 (75% +/- 29%) and day-3 (20% +/- 15%) neonatal mouse ventricular tissues (P < .01). Dofetilide did not prolong APD95 in adult myocardium. IKr is the sole component of IK in day-18 fetal mouse ventricular myocytes. However, both IKr and IKs were observed in day-1 neonatal ventricular myocytes. With further development, IKs became the dominant component of IK in day-3 neonates. In adult mouse ventricular myocytes, neither IKr nor IKs was observed. Correspondingly, a high-affinity binding site for [3H]dofetilide was present in fetal mouse ventricles but was absent in adult ventricles. The complementary data from microelectrode, voltage-clamp, and [3H]dofetilide binding studies demonstrate that expression of the IK channel is developmentally regulated in the mouse heart.
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa rhlG Gene Encodes an NADPH-Dependent β-Ketoacyl Reductase Which Is Specifically Involved in Rhamnolipid Synthesis (1998)

A Pseudomonas aeruginosa gene homologous to the fabG gene, which encodes the NADPH-dependent beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase required for fatty acid synthesis, was identified. The insertional mutation of this fabG homolog (herein called rhlG) produced no apparent effect on the growth rate and total lipid content of P. aeruginosa cells, but the production of rhamnolipids was completely abrogated. These results suggest that the synthetic pathway for the fatty acid moiety of rhamnolipids is separate from the general fatty acid synthetic pathway, starting with a specific ketoacyl reduction step catalyzed by the RhlG protein. In addition, the synthesis of poly-beta-hydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is delayed in this mutant, suggesting that RhlG participates in PHA synthesis, although it is not the only reductase involved in this pathway. Traits regulated by the quorum-sensing response, other than rhamnolipid production, including production of proteases, pyocyanine, and the autoinducer butanoyl-homoserine lactone (PAI-2), were not affected by the rhlG mutation. We conclude that the P. aeruginosa rhlG gene encodes an NADPH-dependent beta-ketoacyl reductase absolutely required for the synthesis of the beta-hydroxy acid moiety of rhamnolipids and that it has a minor role in PHA production. Expression of rhlG mRNA under different culture conditions is consistent with this conclusion.
The Best of Two Worlds: Retrieving and Browsing (2000)

This paper describes the combination of two software systems for work with music corpora in electronic formats. A set of algorithms has been developed in CPN View (a class library for representing music scores) that deals with music score processing. These facilitate access to the ever-increasing collections of music corpora [1]. The Sonic Browser (a browser that uses sonic spatialization for navigating music or sound databases) has been developed to the proof-of-concept and prototype implementation stage. In previous work it has been demonstrated that with the Sonic Browser it is up to 28 % faster for users to find a particular melody in a set of melodies, compared to visual browsing [2]. 1.
Inhibition of Respiration by Nitric Oxide Induces aMycobacterium tuberculosisDormancy Program (2003)

An estimated two billion persons are latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The host factors that initiate and maintain this latent state and the mechanisms by which M. tuberculosis survives within latent lesions are compelling but unanswered questions. One such host factor may be nitric oxide (NO), a product of activated macrophages that exhibits antimycobacterial properties. Evidence for the possible significance of NO comes from murine models of tuberculosis showing progressive infection in animals unable to produce the inducible isoform of NO synthase and in animals treated with a NO synthase inhibitor. Here, we show that O2 and low, nontoxic concentrations of NO competitively modulate the expression of a 48-gene regulon, which is expressed in vivo and prepares bacilli for survival during long periods of in vitro dormancy. NO was found to reversibly inhibit aerobic respiration and growth. A heme-containing enzyme, possibly the terminal oxidase in the respiratory pathway, likely senses and integrates NO and O2 levels and signals the regulon. These data lead to a model postulating that, within granulomas, inhibition of respiration by NO production and O2 limitation constrains M. tuberculosis replication rates in persons with latent tuberculosis.
Discussion of the optics of a new 3-D imaging system (1988)

The geometric optics of a new 3-D imaging system, which has several innovative features, is discussed. The principles governing the primary design of the system are considered in some detail, and the calculation method employed in achieving the basic design parameters is presented. The aberration of the system is then investigated in detail using primary aberration theory, and the limitations imposed on a light beam passing through the arrangement is discussed quantitatively.
Observation of threshold oxide electric field for trap generation in oxide films on silicon (1988)

Verwey’s bipolar/metal-oxide-silicon-field-effect-transistor structure is used to inject hot electrons into thermally grown wet oxide films on crystalline silicon by forward biasing the substrate emitter-base junction. Two components are separated from the threshold voltage shift: the electron charging of existing neutral oxide traps and the generation of new oxide traps. The density of the generated new oxide traps is found to increase rapidly and exponentially with increasing oxide electric field above 1.5 MV/cm. This threshold oxide field for oxide trap generation is consistent with the bond breaking energy of the hydrogen–silicon and hydrogen–oxygen bonds in the oxide film.
Biotechnology and Food Security in the 21st Century (1999)

Biotechnology can contribute to future food security if it benefits sustainable small-farm agriculture in developing countries. Presently, agrobiotechnology research cites ethical, safety, and intellectual property rights issues. Protection of intellectual property rights encourages private sector investment in agrobiotechnology, but in developing countries the needs of smallholder farmers and environmental conservation are unlikely to attract private funds. Public investment will be needed, and new and imaginative public-private collaboration can make the gene revolution beneficial to developing countries. This is crucial for the well-being of today's hungry people and future generations.
Fabrication of Microchambers Defined by Photopolymerized Hydrogels and Weirs within Microfluidic Systems:  Application to DNA Hybridization (2002)

This paper describes fabrication of serial microchamber arrays within the channels of a microfluidic device. The chambers are defined using a combination of weirs and UV-cross-linked hydrogel plugs (poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylates). This approach permits the microchambers to be addressed by pump-driven pressure in one dimension and by electrophoresis in the other. The function of the device is demonstrated by detecting DNA targets. Single-strand DNA (ssDNA) probes labeled with biotin were immobilized onto microbeads coated with streptavidin. The DNA-functionalized microbeads were packed into each of three microchambers by injection through inlet wells. Three oligonucleotides were designed as probes and four as targets. Hybridization reactions were performed by moving the targets across the array of probe-containing microchambers by electrophoresis. The hybridization of fluorescein-labeled ssDNA targets to complementary probes was observed by fluorescence microscopy. These studies resulted in four key observations: (1) there was no detectable binding of targets to noncomplementary probes; (2) hybridization was 90% complete within 1 min; (3) once captured, the targets could be independently released and recovered from the microbeads by treatment with 0.1 N NaOH; (4) multiple analyses could be performed using a single bead set, but there was degradation in performance after each capture/release cycle.
CD6 as a potential target for treating multiple sclerosis (2017)

CD6 was established as a marker of T cells more than three decades ago, and recent studies have identified CD6 as a risk gene for multiple sclerosis (MS), a disease in which autoreactive T cells are integrally involved. Nevertheless, the precise role of CD6 in regulating T-cell responses is controversial and its significance in the pathogenesis of various diseases remains elusive, partly due to the lack of animals engineered to alter expression of the CD6 gene. In this report, we found that CD6 KO mice showed decreased pathogenic T-cell responses, reduced spinal cord T-cell infiltration, and attenuated disease severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. CD6-deficient T cells exhibited augmented activation, but also significantly reduced survival and proliferation after activation, leading to overall decreased Th1 and Th17 polarization. Activated CD6-deficient T cells also showed impaired infiltration through brain microvascular endothelial cell monolayers. Furthermore, by developing CD6 humanized mice, we identified a mouse anti-human CD6 monoclonal antibody that is highly effective in treating established EAE without depleting T cells. These results suggest that (<i>i</i>) CD6 is a negative regulator of T-cell activation, (<i>ii</i>) at the same time, CD6 is a positive regulator of activated T-cell survival/proliferation and infiltration; and (<i>iii</i>) CD6 is a potential new target for treating MS and potentially other T-cell-driven autoimmune conditions.
Adaptation Process of The Family with Hemodialysis (1999)

Hemodialysis is a way of treatment for the patients with acute and chronic renal failure. Marginal man depicts the enormous amount of stress that hemodialytic patients suffer. It is known that family with chronic illness get stressed along with the patients and they need nursing care also. This qualitative study was conducted in order to identify the family adaptation process in patients with hemodialysis. 6 dyads of hemodialytic patients and caregivers were interviewed for this research. By way of grounded theoretical strategy the data was collected from October 20, 1999 to November 20, 1999. at a hemodialytic unit that was located in Iksan, Chonbuk by the researcher. The main research questions were What's the adaptation experience of a patient since after being received with hemodialysis? to the patients, and What's the family adaptation experience of hemodialysis? to the caregivers. The collected data was analyzed by grounded theoretical strategy built by Glaser & Strauss in 1967. Results were as follows; 7 grounded concepts were observed from the patients with hemodialysis and 4 grounded concepts were found from the caregivers. Two categories were derived ; 1) Holding hope that is related with treatment 2) Changing a value system.
The Diagnostic Utility of PAX8 for Neuroendocrine Tumors (2015)

PAX8 is a transcription factor crucial for the development of the kidneys, thyroid glands, and Mullerian system. It is commonly expressed by epithelial tumors from these organs. Recently, the diagnostic utility of PAX8 has been expanded to pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). However, PAX8 is not expressed by pancreatic islets during organogenesis. The potential cross-reactivity of polyclonal PAX8 antibody to other PAX family members makes it essential that related findings need to be validated. In this study, we used 4 antibodies (1 polyclonal and 3 monoclonal) on 115 NETs from various organs (pancreas, n=20; thymus, n=16; cervix, n=27; parathyroid, n=7; and thyroid, lung, ileum, stomach, duodenum, appendix, rectum, ovary, and skin, each n=5) to test the utility of PAX8 as a differential diagnosis marker of NETs. Our results showed that NETs from a large variety of organs except for lung and ileum could be immunoreactive to the 2 less specific antibodies that have been observed to cross-react with other PAX proteins (Proteintech polyclonal and Cell Marque MRQ50). However, all NETs were immunonegative for the other 2 monoclonal antibodies specific for the less conserved C-terminal portion of PAX8 (Abcam PAX8R1 and Biocare BC12). We concluded that PAX8 may provide help in the differential diagnosis of NETs in certain specific contexts but the antibody used and the clinical information must be considered.
G1 arrest and down-regulation of cyclin E/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 by the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine are dependent on the retinoblastoma protein in the bladder carcinoma cell line 5637. (1996)

The protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine has been shown to induce G1 phase arrest in normal cells but not in most transformed cells. Staurosporine did not induce G1 phase arrest in the bladder carcinoma cell line 5637 that lacks a functional retinoblastoma protein (pRB-). However, when infected with a pRB-expressing retrovirus [Goodrich, D. W., Chen, Y., Scully, P. & Lee, W.-H. (1992) Cancer Res. 52, 1968-1973], these cells, now pRB+, were arrested by staurosporine in G1 phase. This arrest was accompanied by the accumulation of hypophosphorylated pRB. In both the pRB+ and pRB- cells, cyclin D1-associated kinase activities were reduced on staurosporine treatment. In contrast, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2 and cyclin E/CDK2 activities were inhibited only in pRB+ cells. Staurosporine treatment did not cause reductions in the protein levels of CDK4, cyclin D1, CDK2, or cyclin E. The CDK inhibitor proteins p21(Waf1/Cip1) and p27 (Kip1) levels increased in staurosporine-treated cells. Immunoprecipitation of CDK2, cyclin E, and p2l from staurosporine-treated pRB+ cells revealed a 2.5- to 3-fold higher ratio of p2l bound to CDK2 compared with staurosporine-treated pRB- cells. In pRB+ cells, p2l was preferentially associated with Thrl6O phosphorylated active CDK2. In pRB- cells, however, p2l was bound preferentially to the unphosphorylated, inactive form of CDK2 even though the phosphorylated form was abundant. This is the first evidence suggesting that G1 arrest by 4 nM staurosporine is dependent on a functional pRB protein. Cell cycle arrest at the pRB- dependent checkpoint may prevent activation of cyclin E/CDK2 by stabilizing its interaction with inhibitor proteins p2l and p27.
BONE MARROW CELL TRANSPLANTS INVOLVING DONORS AND HOSTS WITH HAPLOTYPES DERIVED FROM SPRETUS MICE (1995)

Intra-H2 recombinant inbred mice derived from matings between B10 (H2b) and B10.SP2 (H2sp2) mice, with an H2 haplotype derived from Mus spretus, have been used to map genes at H2. Recombinants 10115, 10484, R40, 9347, and 9950 were used as donors or hosts in bone marrow cell (BMC) transplants in irradiated mice. From previous studies of Mus musculus mice, the antigens (Ag) on BMC appear to be inherited recessively. The mechanisms offered include codominant inheritance of transacting genes that regulate expression of BMC Ag (Hh hypothesis) and codominant inheritance of class I Ag motifs capable of sending "negative signals" to effector natural killer (NK) cells (missing self hypothesis). Our results indicate that stem cell donors that express the same class I Ag, but differ at genes between Bat2 and Tnfa in the H2-S/D interval, can differ in immunogenicity of transplanted stem cells. The structural gene for the H2sp2 Ag appears to map telomeric of Bat2 and is codominantly inherited. An H2b gene capable of inhibiting expression of the H2sp2 Ag (or contributing to class I motifs capable of inhibiting NK cell mediated lysis of H2sp2 BMC) maps in the Bat2/Tnfa gene segment, but requires homozygosity for this function and may require the H2-Db gene as well. Although H2sp2 hosts reject H2b BMC, hosts (10115, 10484, R40, and 9347 strain) that are H2b in the centromeric, and H2sp2 in the telomeric, portion of H2 accept H2b BMC grafts. These two observations have not been made with haplotypes entirely of Mus musculus origin. The data do not support the Hh hypothesis, and are consistent with the missing self hypothesis only if the gene (requiring homozygozity for function) in the Bat2/Tnfa region codes for a particular protein or peptide that associates with Db to generate a "protective motif."
Modulation of systemic hemodynamics by exogenous L-arginine in normal and bacteremic sheep (1999)

Exogenous administration of L-arginine does not induce hemodynamic effects in normal animals, exacerbates the acute vasoconstriction associated with the intravenous infusion of E. coli and potentiates the sepsis-induced vasodilation. Our results suggest that a) nitric oxide production is not constitutively modulated by exogenous L-arginine, b) L-arginine probably enhances the sepsis-induced sympathetic discharge, and c) L-arginine becomes rate-limiting for the formation of nitric oxide at approximately 3 hrs after the initiation of the septic challenge.
On generating power law noise. (1995)

. Based on the theory of spectral estimation we propose a new algorithm that is capable to produce the whole variety of possible non deterministic linear time series which exhibit a (1=f) fi spectrum. The key point of the new algorithm is to randomize both the phase and the amplitude of the Fourier transform of the data according to its stochastic nature. One possible application is the simulation of AGN lightcurves as well to analyze measured data as to test proposed models. Key words: X-rays: galaxies -- methods: statistical 1. Introduction A common phenomenon of Active Galactic Nuclei, which presumably harbor supermassive black holes with masses of 10 6 -- 10 9 M fi (Rees 1984), is the strong variability that can be seen in the observed X-ray lightcurves. This variability is often described as flickering or 1=f fluctuation (Lawrence et al. 1987). The 1=f term describes the distribution of power as a function of frequency in the power spectrum (power density function). A whi...
Nanomolar E-Selectin Antagonists with Prolonged Half-Lives by a Fragment-Based Approach (2013)

Selectins, a family of C-type lectins, play a key role in inflammatory diseases (e.g., asthma and arthritis). However, the only millimolar affinity of sialyl Lewis(x) (sLe(x)), which is the common tetrasaccharide epitope of all physiological selectin ligands, has been a major obstacle to the development of selectin antagonists for therapeutic applications. In a fragment-based approach guided by NMR, ligands binding to a second site in close proximity to a sLe(x) mimic were identified. A library of antagonists obtained by connecting the sLe(x) mimic to the best second-site ligand via triazole linkers of different lengths was evaluated by surface plasmon resonance. Detailed analysis of the five most promising candidates revealed antagonists with K(D) values ranging from 30 to 89 nM. In contrast to carbohydrate-lectin complexes with typical half-lives (t(1/2)) in the range of one second or even less, these fragment-based selectin antagonists show t1/2 of several minutes. They exhibit a promising starting point for the development of novel anti-inflammatory drugs.
Antitumor effect of 2,6-di(2,3-epoxypropoxy)xanthone on tumor cell lines. (1997)

2,6-di(2,3-epoxypropoxy)xanthone (EPX), a newly synthesized xanthone derivative, is a potent antitumor agent, which is more cytotoxic than the antitumor drug mytomycin C. EPX also demonstrated stronger growth inhibition to T24 (bladder carcinoma with Ha-ras gene mutation) and 212 cells (a NIH/3T3 derivative, transformed by Ha-ras oncogene) than to PLC/PRF/S (hepatoma with normal Ha-ras gene) and NIH/3T3 cells. The preferential repression of EPX on the cell proliferation of 212 and T24 cells was further demonstrated by decreasing Ha-ras oncogene expression levels while EPX dosage increased. The drug concentrations for 50% inhibition (IC50) of cell growth, DNA synthesis Ha-ras oncogene expression and colony formation of T24 and 212 cells are in the same range and lower than the values for RNA and protein synthesis. Moreover, EPX irreversibly reversed 212 cell morphology from a transformed phenotype to a normal one. These data indicate that EPX probably suppresses tumor cell proliferation by inhibiting DNA synthesis and reverses the transformed properties by suppressing Ha-ras gene expression. The mechanisms of biochemical action and cytotoxicity of EPX remain to be determined. However, our data suggest that the EPX-mediated inhibition of cell proliferative capacity of 212 and T24 cells was preceded by a selective down-regulation of Ha-ras oncogene RNA levels. EPX may have the potential to be used broadly against diverse tumors or specifically against Ha-ras oncogene initiated malignancy.
Pressure Transient Analysis of Two-Phase Flow Problems (1986)

Summary This paper considers the analysis of pressure drawdown and buildup data for two-phase flow problems. Of primary concern is the analysis of data influenced by saturation gradients that exist within the reservoir. Wellbore storage effects are assumed to be negligible. The pressure data considered are obtained from a two-dimensional (2D) numerical coning model for an oil/water system. We consider constant-rate production followed by a buildup period and assume that the top, bottom, and outer boundaries of the reservoir are sealed. First, we consider the case where the producing interval is equal to the total formation thickness. Second, we discuss the effect of partial penetration. In both cases, we show that average pressure can be estimated by the Matthews-Brons-Hazebroek method and consider the computation of the skin factor. We also show that a reservoir limit test can estimate reservoir PV only if the total mobility adjacent to the wellbore does not vary with time.
Undetectable levels of serum FSH immunoactivity and bioactivity in girls with sexual precocity due to ovarian cysts (2008)

Clinical presentation and endocrine investigations in five girls with precocious sexual development due to ovarian cysts are presented. These girls had pubertal oestradiol and suppressed gonadotrophin responsiveness to LHRH stimulation. FSH bioactivity as measured by the rat aromatase assay was undetectable in basal and LHRH-stimulated serum samples but our results cannot exclude the possibility of the presence of a species-specific follicle stimulating factor in these patients. IM injection of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate controlled pubertal development in two children.
100G and beyond with digital coherent signal processing (2010)

The demand for increased bandwidth is ever present. Coherent technology coupled with advanced modulation formats and digital signal processing is a key enabler for optical communication systems at 100 Gb/s and beyond. This article reviews the attributes of coherent systems in light of the challenges faced by system designers to realize increased bit rates for next-generation optical systems.