gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Incipient Fault Detection and Isolation of Field Devices in Nuclear Power Systems Using Principal Component Analysis (2001)

AbstractAn integrated method for the detection and isolation of incipient faults in common field devices, such as sensors and actuators, using plant operational data is presented. The approach is based on the premise that data for normal operation lie on a surface and abnormal situations lead to deviations from the surface in a particular way. Statistically significant deviations from the surface result in the detection of faults, and the characteristic directions of deviations are used for isolation of one or more faults from the set of typical faults. Principal component analysis (PCA), a multivariate data-driven technique, is used to capture the relationships in the data and fit a hyperplane to the data. The fault direction for each of the scenarios is obtained using the singular value decomposition on the state and control function prediction errors, and fault isolation is then accomplished from projections on the fault directions. This approach is demonstrated for a simulated pressurized water reactor steam generator system and for a laboratory process control system under single device fault conditions. Enhanced fault isolation capability is also illustrated by incorporating realistic nonlinear terms in the PCA data matrix.
Electronic and Optoelectronic Properties of Semiconductor Structures (2003)

A graduate textbook presenting the underlying physics behind devices that drive today's technologies. The book covers important details of structural properties, bandstructure, transport, optical and magnetic properties of semiconductor structures. Effects of low-dimensional physics and strain - two important driving forces in modern device technology - are also discussed. In addition to conventional semiconductor physics the book discusses self-assembled structures, mesoscopic structures and the developing field of spintronics. The book utilizes carefully chosen solved examples to convey important concepts and has over 250 figures and 200 homework exercises. Real-world applications are highlighted throughout the book, stressing the links between physical principles and actual devices. Electronic and Optoelectronic Properties of Semiconductor Structures provides engineering and physics students and practitioners with complete and coherent coverage of key modern semiconductor concepts. A solutions manual and set of viewgraphs for use in lectures are available for instructors, from solutions@cambridge.org.
Capturing Chromosome Conformation (2002)

We describe an approach to detect the frequency of interaction between any two genomic loci. Generation of a matrix of interaction frequencies between sites on the same or different chromosomes reveals their relative spatial disposition and provides information about the physical properties of the chromatin fiber. This methodology can be applied to the spatial organization of entire genomes in organisms from bacteria to human. Using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we could confirm known qualitative features of chromosome organization within the nucleus and dynamic changes in that organization during meiosis. We also analyzed yeast chromosome III at the G1 stage of the cell cycle. We found that chromatin is highly flexible throughout. Furthermore, functionally distinct AT- and GC-rich domains were found to exhibit different conformations, and a population-average 3D model of chromosome III could be determined. Chromosome III emerges as a contorted ring.
Differentially Degradable Janus Particles for Controlled Release Applications (2012)

Janus particles with differentially degradable compartments were prepared by electrohydrodynamic (EHD) co-jetting and subsequent controlled crosslinking. These bicompartmental particles are composed of an interpenetrating polymer network of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) in one hemisphere and a crosslinked copolymer of dextran and poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) segments in the second compartment. The compositional anisotropy caused differential hydrolytic susceptibility: Although both compartments were stable at pH 3.0, selective degradation of the PEO-containing compartment pH 7.4 was observed within 5 days. Janus particles with differentially degradable polymer compartments may be of interest for a range of oral drug delivery applications because of their propensity for decoupled release profiles.
Pathogenesis and evolution of virulence in enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (2001)

Pathogenic forms of E. coli associated with human and animal diseases are remarkably diverse. Certain pathogenic strains cause enteric diseases ranging in symptoms from cholera-like diarrhea to severe dysentery; other E. coli may colonize the urinary tract, resulting in cystitis or pyelonephritis, or may cause other extraintestinal infections, such as septicemia and meningitis. In discussing the diversity of pathogenic forms of this versatile species, we distinguish between an isolate's pathotype, a classification of E. coli into groups that have a similar mode of pathogenesis and cause clinically similar forms of disease, and the pathogenic clone, bacteria of a genetic lineage within a bacterial species that share similarities because of recent descent from a common ancestral cell. There are at least eight recognized pathotypes of E. coli (Table Bacteria of the same pathogenic clone represent a monophyletic branch of an evolutionary tree and typically carry many of the same mobile genetic elements, including those that determine virulence.
Clinical importance of CD7 expression in acute myelocytic leukemia. The Japan Cooperative Group of Leukemia/Lymphoma. (1993)

Forty patients (9 females and 31 males; mean age 41.9 years) with CD7+ acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) were investigated; they were classified into the following subgroups according to French-American-British classification: 15 M1, 18 M2, 3 M4, and 4 M5. Leukemic cells from all the patients were negative for T-cell-specific antigens, surface CD3, and T-cell-receptor molecules. The sex and age distributions were different from those of CD7- AML patients (P < .01). Hepatomegaly and central nervous system involvement were also frequent in the CD7+ AML patients. The phenotype of and responsiveness to hematopoietic growth factors by the leukemic cells showed their immaturity, as evidenced by frequent expression of CD34, HLA-DR, and TdT, and the greatest growth response to interleukin-3. No particular karyotypic abnormality was shown. One hundred eighty AML patients were treated with a therapeutic regimen routinely used for AML. The CD7+ AML patients showed a significantly lower response than CD7- AML patients (P < .01), and had a poorer prognosis (P < .01). CD7+ AML patients with M1 or M5b had unfavorable responses to the therapeutic regimen in comparison with patients with M2, M4, or M5a. In addition, 3 of 4 CD7+ CD2+ AML patients, who did not respond to the therapy, were induced into complete remission with an acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy. The results presented here indicate the diagnostic importance of CD7 positivity in AML, suggesting that the cellular and clinical characteristics of CD7+ AML are sufficient for it to be recognized as a distinct category of AML.
Frequency-hopping spread-spectrum modulation for digital communications over electrical power lines (1990)

A solution for the precise and cost-effective generation of frequency-hopping spread-spectrum waveforms using digital frequency synthesis based on read-only-memories (ROM, PROM, EPROM) is studied. For matched filter reception of frequency-hopping spread-spectrum waveforms a new approach based on lock-in amplifiers combined with synchronous voltage controlled oscillators (SVCO) brought remarkable results in practical field tests. An application-specific digital signal processor for receiver operation in form of a CMOS gate array was also designed. Prototypes according to two different system concepts were built, and measurements of bit error probability were carried out on indoor and outdoor power-line networks. Computer simulations based on channel analysis to predict bit error probability are proposed and compared with measured results. Indoor prototypes are designed for a data rate of 300 b/s and a frequency-hop rate of 900 s/sup -1/ with a transmission voltage approximately=0.35 V/sub rms/ in a spectral range from 30 to 146 kHz. Outdoor prototypes are intended for remote meter reading featuring a data rate of 60 b/s and a frequency-hop rate of 300 s/sup -1/. Transmission voltage is variable from 0.35 to 1 V/sub rms/ in a spectral range from 30 to 146 kHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Simultaneous Measurement of Dispersion, Spectrum, and Distance with a Fourier Transform Spectrometer (1998)

A Fourier transform spectrometer is used to simultaneously measure distance, dispersion and spectrum. It is shown that short coherence interferometry has the potential to measure the three-dimensional distribution of the spatial structure of a sample with a resolution determined by the coherence length of the light source, absorption spectrum with a resolution of 1 cm-1 and a dispersion with a resolution of up to 10-5. © 1998 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
Paris-Lille-3D: a large and high-quality ground truth urban point cloud dataset for automatic segmentation and classification (2017)

This paper introduces a new Urban Point Cloud Dataset for Automatic\nSegmentation and Classification acquired by Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS). We\ndescribe how the dataset is obtained from acquisition to post-processing and\nlabeling. This dataset can be used to learn classification algorithm, however,\ngiven that a great attention has been paid to the split between the different\nobjects, this dataset can also be used to learn the segmentation. The dataset\nconsists of around 2km of MLS point cloud acquired in two cities. The number of\npoints and range of classes make us consider that it can be used to train\nDeep-Learning methods. Besides we show some results of automatic segmentation\nand classification. The dataset is available at:\nhttp://caor-mines-paristech.fr/fr/paris-lille-3d-dataset/\n
How to bolster the antifungal pipeline (2015)

Few drugs are coming to market, but opportunities for drug development exist
Low-Complexity PAPR Reduction Scheme Without Side Information for OFDM Systems (2012)

This paper proposes a novel peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduction scheme that requires no side information in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Unlike the selective mapping (SLM) or the partial transmit sequence (PTS) scheme, the proposed scheme deals with post inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) symbols and thus requires only a single IFFT processor in the transmitter. Compared to other conventional schemes implemented with a single IFFT processor, such as the circularly shifted phase sequences (CSPS) or the optimised circularly shifted phase sequences (OCSPS) method, the proposed scheme achieves an even lower complexity since only phase rotation and cyclic shifting of OFDM symbols are performed. More importantly, the proposed scheme significantly outperforms the CSPS and the OCSPS methods in reducing PAPR as shown in simulation results. An added benefit of the proposed scheme is that it employs a linear receiver, such as a maximal likelihood (ML) detector, a minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimator, or a zero forcing (ZF) estimator, to demap quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) symbols. Especially the ML detector demaps the QAM symbols with no side information. Simulation results also show that the bit error rate (BER) of the proposed scheme has no loss when the ML detector, the ZF or the MMSE estimator is used with hard-decision compared to that of the conventional OFDM system without any PAPR reduction scheme over Rayleigh fading channel.
The HTLV receptor is an early T-cell activation marker whose expression requires de novo protein synthesis (2003)

The human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV) is the first isolated human retrovirus, but its receptor has yet to be identified, in part due to its ubiquitous expression. Here we report that quiescent CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes do not express this receptor, as monitored with a soluble receptor-binding domain derived from the HTLV envelope. However, HTLV receptor is an early activation marker in neonatal and adult T lymphocytes, detected as early as 4 hours following T-cell-receptor (TCR) stimulation. This induced surface expression of the HTLV receptor requires de novo protein synthesis and results in a wide distribution on the surface of activated lymphocytes. Moreover, the distribution of the HTLV receptor is independent of TCR/CD3-capped membrane structures, as observed by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. To determine whether HTLV receptor up-regulation specifically requires TCR-mediated signals or, alternatively, is dependent on more generalized cell cycle entry/proliferation signals, its expression was monitored in interleukin 7 (IL-7)-stimulated neonatal and adult T cells. Neonatal, but not adult, lymphocytes proliferate in response to IL-7 and HTLV receptor expression is restricted to the former population. Thus, HTLV receptor expression appears to be an early marker of cell cycle entry. Up-regulation of the HTLV receptor, via signals transmitted through the IL-7 cytokine receptor as well as the TCR, is likely to contribute to the mother-to-infant transmission and spreading of HTLV-1.
Twitter Heron (2015)

Storm has long served as the main platform for real-time analytics at Twitter. However, as the scale of data being processed in real-time at Twitter has increased, along with an increase in the diversity and the number of use cases, many limitations of Storm have become apparent. We need a system that scales better, has better debug-ability, has better performance, and is easier to manage -- all while working in a shared cluster infrastructure. We considered various alternatives to meet these needs, and in the end concluded that we needed to build a new real-time stream data processing system. This paper presents the design and implementation of this new system, called Heron. Heron is now the de facto stream data processing engine inside Twitter, and in this paper we also share our experiences from running Heron in production. In this paper, we also provide empirical evidence demonstrating the efficiency and scalability of Heron.
N-terminal polyubiquitination and degradation of the Arf tumor suppressor (2004)

Unknown mechanisms govern degradation of the p19Arf tumor suppressor, an activator of p53 and inhibitor of ribosomal RNA processing. Kinetic metabolic labeling of cells with [3H]-leucine indicated that p19Arf is a relatively stable protein (half-life approximately 6 h) whose degradation depends upon the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Although p19Arf binds to the Mdm2 E3 ubiquitin protein ligase to activate p53, neither of these molecules regulates p19Arf turnover. In contrast, the nucleolar protein nucleophosmin/B23, which binds to p19Arf with high stoichiometry, retards its turnover, and Arf mutants that do not efficiently associate with nucleophosmin/B23 are unstable and functionally impaired. Mouse p19Arf, although highly basic (22% arginine content), contains only a single lysine residue absent from human p14ARF, and substitution of arginine for lysine in mouse p19Arf had no effect on its rate of degradation. Mouse p19Arf (either wild-type or lacking lysine) and human p14ARF undergo N-terminal polyubiquitination, a process that has not as yet been documented in naturally occurring lysine-less proteins. Re-engineering of the p19Arf N terminus to provide consensus sequences for N-acetylation limited Arf ubiquitination and decelerated its turnover.
Ultrasonic Method for Measuring Elastic Coefficients of Bone and Results on Fresh and Dried Bovine Bones (1970)

The elastic stiffness coefficients of dried bovine phalanx and femur and of fresh bovine phalanx were measured by an ultrasonic technique. An analysis of the electrical behavior and the crystallographic and morphological character of bone showed that it is a texture which has the same form of the elastic coefficient matrix as a hexagonal single crystal. The five elastic stiffness coefficients of fresh phalanx are: C <L xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</L> = 1.97, C <L xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</L> = 1.21, C <L xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">13</L> = 1.26, C <L xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">33</L> = 3.20, shear moduli as a function of direction were calculated.
Randomized Phase II Study of Multiple Dose Levels of CCI-779, a Novel Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Kinase Inhibitor, in Patients With Advanced Refractory Renal Cell Carcinoma (2004)

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of multiple doses of CCI-779, a novel mammalian target of rapamycin kinase inhibitor, in patients with advanced refractory renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Patients and Methods Patients (n = 111) were randomly assigned to receive 25, 75, or 250 mg CCI-779 weekly as a 30-minute intravenous infusion. Patients were evaluated for tumor response, time to tumor progression, survival, and adverse events. Blood samples were collected to determine CCI-779 pharmacokinetics. Results CCI-779 produced an objective response rate of 7% (one complete response and seven partial responses) and minor responses in 26% of these advanced RCC patients. Median time to tumor progression was 5.8 months and median survival was 15.0 months. The most frequently occurring CCI-779–related adverse events of all grades were maculopapular rash (76%), mucositis (70%), asthenia (50%), and nausea (43%). The most frequently occurring grade 3 or 4 adverse events were hyperglycemia (17%), hypophosphatemia (13%), anemia (9%), and hypertriglyceridemia (6%). Neither toxicity nor efficacy was significantly influenced by CCI-779 dose level. Patients were retrospectively classified into good-, intermediate-, or poor-risk groups on the basis of criteria used by Motzer et al for a first-line metastatic RCC population treated with interferon alfa. Within each risk group, the median survivals of patients at each dose level were similar. Conclusion In patients with advanced RCC, CCI-779 showed antitumor activity and encouraging survival and was generally well tolerated over the three dose levels tested.
erbB-2 Knockout Employing an Intracellular Single-Chain Antibody (SFV) Accomplishes Specific Toxicity in ERBB-2-Expressing Lung Cancer Cells (1996)

erbB-2 is known to be overexpressed in several human malignancies including lung cancer. Because of its role in neoplastic transformation as well as its association with poor prognosis, this oncogene has been targeted through various anti-cancer methodologies. In this regard, we have recently demonstrated that erbB-2-overexpressing ovarian tumor cell lines transfected with an endoplasmic reticulum form of an anti-erbB-2 single-chain antibody undergo a specific cytotoxicity through the induction of apoptosis. Since certain forms of lung cancer are also associated with overexpression of erbB-2, we evaluated the use of this novel therapeutic in this context. For these studies, several human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines were stably and transiently transfected with the anti-erbB-2 sFv gene. We demonstrate here that the anti-erbB-2 sFv can cause specific cytotoxicity in lung cancer cells. As a first step toward clinical translation of this strategy, we constructed a replication-deficient recombinant adenoviral vector expressing the anti-erbB-2 sFv construct. We further demonstrate that our anti-erbB-2 sFv-encoding adenoviral vector can accomplish high levels of cytotoxicity in lung cancer cells. Based on these results, it is proposed that this strategy of oncoprotein ablation may have use in the treatment of some forms of human lung cancer.
Rat neutrophil defensins. Precursor structures and expression during neutrophilic myelopoiesis (1995)

Defensins constitute a family of 3- to 4-kDa antimicrobial peptides that are stored in the cytoplasmic granules of neutrophils, some macrophages, and intestinal Paneth cells. We have assessed defensin gene expression during myeloid differentiation by first characterizing cDNAs for each of the four known rat neutrophil defensins (RatNP 1-4). The cDNA sequences revealed that the peptides are synthesized as 87-94 amino acid precursors, each containing signal, pro-, and mature peptide segments. RatNP-3 and -4 mRNAs, but not those for RatNP-1 and -2 or other myeloid defensins, contained unique polypurine tracts located close to the termination codon in the 3' untranslated region. By using cDNA probes and/or riboprobes, we evaluated defensin transcript levels in a variety of tissues and in the full spectrum of neutrophil precursors. By in situ hybridization, defensin mRNAs were localized to neutrophil precursors in the bone marrow, with the highest mRNA levels occurring in promyelocytes and somewhat lower signals occurring in myeloblasts and myelocytes. Defensin mRNAs were not detectable in bands or mature neutrophils, nor at significant levels in tissues other than bone marrow. The accumulation of defensin protein in bone marrow cells was assessed by immunohistochemical staining with anti-RatNP-1 Ab. RatNP 1-4 mRNAs and protein levels were then correlated for each stage of neutrophilic differentiation to reveal the maturational profile of myeloid defensin gene expression in the rat.
Expression of recombinant platelet‐derived endothelial cell growth factor in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1992)

A platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor cDNA has been cloned, sequenced and expressed using the Saccharomyces cerevisiae PRB1 promoter. Soluble recombinant platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor constituted 0.5-1.0% of total soluble protein. Yeast soluble protein extracts containing recombinant platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor stimulate the growth of calf pulmonary artery endothelial cells in vitro.
High Quantum Efficiency Polythiophene (1998)

Which factors affect the device efficiency of PEOPT/C60 photodiodes (where PEOPT is a polythiophene derivative) most strongly? In order to answer this question, the performance of five-layer sandwich structure PEOPT/C60 photodiodes with different layer thicknesses has been studied. It is shown that the device efficiency is strongly connected with the geometry of the device and the optical field distribution rather than the quantity of active material. Optimization of the thickness of both the C60 layer and the polymer electrode layer can enhance performance.