gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adipocyte stem cell: A brief review (1983)

Our fundamental understanding of adipose tissue kinetics has, in recent years, been advanced by the finding that there exists in the white adipose tissue, a population of stem cells which under appropriate conditions can differentiate and mature into adipocytes containing lipid inclusions. The evidence for the presence of this stem cell population is derived from both in vivo and in vitro studies.
Droplet barcoding for massively parallel single-molecule deep sequencing (2016)

The ability to accurately sequence long DNA molecules is important across biology, but existing sequencers are limited in read length and accuracy. Here, we demonstrate a method to leverage short-read sequencing to obtain long and accurate reads. Using droplet microfluidics, we isolate, amplify, fragment and barcode single DNA molecules in aqueous picolitre droplets, allowing the full-length molecules to be sequenced with multi-fold coverage using short-read sequencing. We show that this approach can provide accurate sequences of up to 10 kb, allowing us to identify rare mutations below the detection limit of conventional sequencing and directly link them into haplotypes. This barcoding methodology can be a powerful tool in sequencing heterogeneous populations such as viruses.
Isolation of motile spermatozoa from semen samples using microfluidics (2003)

A microfluidic device was designed with two parallel laminar flow channels where non-motile spermatozoa and debris would flow along their initial streamlines and exit one outlet, whereas motile spermatozoa had an opportunity to swim into a parallel stream and exit a separate outlet. Motile sperm samples were prepared with density gradient separation (n = 5). Sperm motility was assessed the following day after exposing aliquots to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) used to construct the device. There was no difference in sperm motility when compared with unexposed aliquots (P > 0.05). Unprocessed semen samples (n = 10) were placed in wider channels and sperm motility and strict morphology were assessed from sorted outlets. Sperm motility increased from 44 +/- 4.5% to 98 +/- 0.4% (P < 0.05) and morphology increased from 10 +/- 1.05% to 22 +/- 3.3% (P < 0.05) following processing. Finally, density gradient prepared samples (n = 6) containing 5 x 10(6) motile spermatozoa/ml and 50 x 10(6) round immature germ cells/ml were sorted and assessed in a similar fashion. The ratio of motile spermatozoa to round immature germ cells in the wide inlet (1:10) was significantly improved in the thin outlet (33:1) (P < 0.05). This microfluidic device provides a novel method for isolating motile, morphologically normal spermatozoa from semen samples without centrifugation. This technology may prove useful in isolating motile spermatozoa from oligozoospermic samples, even with high amounts of non-motile gamete and/or non-gamete cell contamination. A movie sequence showing streaming and sorting of spermatozoa may be purchased for viewing on the internet at www.rbmonline.com/Article/847 (free to web subscribers).
Mapping the Antigenic and Genetic Evolution of Influenza Virus (2004)

The antigenic evolution of influenza A (H3N2) virus was quantified and visualized from its introduction into humans in 1968 to 2003. Although there was remarkable correspondence between antigenic and genetic evolution, significant differences were observed: Antigenic evolution was more punctuated than genetic evolution, and genetic change sometimes had a disproportionately large antigenic effect. The method readily allows monitoring of antigenic differences among vaccine and circulating strains and thus estimation of the effects of vaccination. Further, this approach offers a route to predicting the relative success of emerging strains, which could be achieved by quantifying the combined effects of population level immune escape and viral fitness on strain evolution.
Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia (2015)

Nutritional iron deficiency anemia is the most common deficiency disorder, affecting more than two billion people worldwide. Oral iron supplementation is usually the first choice for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia, but in many conditions, oral iron is less than ideal mainly because of gastrointestinal adverse events and the long course needed to treat the disease and replenish body iron stores. Intravenous iron compounds consist of an iron oxyhydroxide core, which is surrounded by a carbohydrate shell made of polymers such as dextran, sucrose or gluconate. The first iron product for intravenous use was the high molecular weight iron dextran. However, dextran-containing intravenous iron preparations are associated with an elevated risk of anaphylactic reactions, which made physicians reluctant to use intravenous iron for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia over many years. Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose is a stable complex with the advantage of being non-dextran-containing and a very low immunogenic potential and therefore not predisposed to anaphylactic reactions. Its properties permit the administration of large doses (15mg/kg; maximum of 1000mg/infusion) in a single and rapid session (15-minute infusion) without the requirement of a test dose. The purpose of this review is to discuss some pertinent issues in relation to the history, pharmacology, administration, efficacy, and safety profile of ferric carboxymaltose in the treatment of patients with iron deficiency anemia.
Electrical linear-response theory in an arbitrary magnetic field: A new Fermi-surface formation (1989)

We develop a novel formulation of dc electrical linear-response theory for a phase-coherent conductor with multiple leads valid in arbitrarily strong magnetic field and for a given impurity configuration and measuring geometry. This formulation is convenient for discussion of the quantum Hall effect and mesoscopic transport phenomena. We express the total current response ${I}_{m}$ through lead $m$ completely in terms of the voltages ${V}_{n}$ applied at the leads, independent of the electric field in the material, i.e., ${I}_{m}=\ensuremath{\Sigma}{n}^{}{g}_{\mathrm{mn}}{V}_{n}$. We show that while the current-density response is not in general expressible as a Fermi-surface quantity, the total transport current determined by these conductance coefficients ${g}_{\mathrm{mn}}$ does depend only on the wave functions (or Green functions) at the Fermi surface as $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$. This yields new and useful Green-function expressions for the ${g}_{\mathrm{mn}}$ and the longitudinal and Hall resistances. When transformed by appropriate applications of scattering theory, these expressions are shown to be equivalent to the relation ${g}_{\mathrm{mn}}={T}_{\mathrm{mn}}$, where ${T}_{\mathrm{mn}}$ is the sum of all the transmission coefficients between leads $m$ and $n$, as first obtained by B\"uttiker on the basis of phenomenological arguments. A brief discussion of the relation between this formula and other proposed Landauer formulas is given. It is noted that the occurrence of the quantum Hall effect is very natural in this formulation and simple conditions on the scattering matrix of the conductor which imply the quantum Hall effect are derived.
Antigen Experienced T Cells from Peripheral Blood Recognize p53 Neoantigens (2020)

PBL was a noninvasive source of T cells targeting <i>TP53</i> mutations for cell therapy and can provide a window into intratumoral p53 neoantigen immune responses.<i>See related commentary by Olivera et al., p. 1203</i>.
Biochemical characteristics of hyperplastic rat bile ductular epithelial cells cultured "on top" and "inside" different extracellular matrix substitutes. (1988)

An essentially pure population of bile ductular epithelial cells isolated from bile duct-ligated rats was placed in primary culture by plating the cells either "on top" of or "inside" different extracellular matrix substitutes, including basement membrane Matrigel, type I collagen gel, and agarose gel. Plating efficiencies of greater than 60% were obtained when the cells were seeded in the presence of 1.0% fetal calf serum on top of Matrigel and collagen gel, but there was very little if any cell attachment to the agarose surface. In contrast, the cells could be maintained equally well and at very similar densities when they were cultured inside the various gel substances, including agarose. Regardless of substratum condition, bile ductular cells at 10 days in primary culture expressed specific activities of the marker enzymes gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and leucine aminopeptidase which were significantly higher than those shown by freshly isolated cells. On the other hand, alkaline phosphatase activity of the cells became undetectable by day 3 of culture when they were cultured on top of either Matrigel or collagen gel but was retained at approximately 50% of its original level in cells cultured for 10 days within Matrigel or agarose gel. Treatments with dexamethasone or hydrocortisone (i.e., 10(-6) M) inhibited the increase in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity of the cultured cells but did not affect the other enzyme changes. Subcultures of the bile ductular epithelial cells were developed by passing the cells in the presence of 10% fetal calf serum on surfaces coated with either type I collagen or Matrigel. In either case, cells subjected to at least 4-6 passages (up to 100 days of culture) were still characterized by a high gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity. Preliminary results obtained with cells plated at very low density within Matrigel also indicated the development of cell growths that appeared to be organized in the form of distinct acinar-like structures.
Meniscal transplantation in the human knee: A preliminary report (1991)

Meniscectomy can result in degenerative disease, with younger patients developing problems in middle age (1). In addition, loss of a major portion of a medical meniscus may increase instability in an anterior cruciate deficient knee (2). For these two reasons, it is theoretically desirable to transplant menisci in selected patients. In this paper, six patients who underwent allograft transplantation of a meniscus (four medial and two lateral) are presented to demonstrate the apparent success of the operative procedure. Follow-up extends from 24 to 44 months, June 1986 to March 1988. All patients are free of episodes of locking. Four have undergone arthroscopy, which demonstrated healing of the meniscus and no evidence of shrinkage. KT 1,000 values returned to normal in four cases, with concomitant reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). It is hoped that meniscal transplantation will offset the development of degenerative changes; however, this supposition will remain unproven for decades. Meniscal transplantation seemed to improve stability in the knees undergoing ACL reconstruction. Arthroscopy performed after transplantation revealed that healing does indeed occur. There was no evidence of rejection, confirming the feeling that meniscal tissue is "immunologically privileged." Meniscal transplantation is offered as an adjunct to other reconstructive procedures in cases of meniscal deficient knees.
Synthesis and immunological properties of the oligolysyl-Niε-dinitrophenyllysine and oligolysylalanylalanylalanyl-Niε-dinitrophenyllysine peptide series (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and immunological properties of the oligolysyl-Niε-dinitrophenyllysine and oligolysylalanylalanylalanyl-Niε-dinitrophenyllysine peptide seriesArieh Yaron, Edward K. Dunham, and Stuart F. SchlossmanCite this: Biochemistry 1974, 13, 2, 347–354Publication Date (Print):January 15, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 January 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00699a020https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00699a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views20Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotides Inhibit the Intrinsic Tenase Complex (1998)

Systemic administration of ISIS 2302, a 20-mer antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotide targeting human intercellular adhesion molecule-1 mRNA, causes prolongation of plasma clotting times in both monkey and human studies. The anticoagulant effects of ISIS 2302 were investigated with both in vitro coagulation assays in human plasma and purified enzyme systems. At high oligonucleotide plasma concentrations (&gt;100 μg/mL), prolongation of the prothrombin and thrombin times was observed. In a thrombin time assay using purified components, high concentrations of ISIS 2302 inhibited thrombin clotting activity both by stimulating inhibition by heparin cofactor II and directly competing with fibrinogen for binding to anion binding exosite I. In contrast, low concentrations of ISIS 2302 (&lt;100 μg/mL) showed a selective, linear prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time (PTT). The rate limiting effect of 50 μg/mL ISIS 2302, which prolonged the PTT to 1.5 times control, was identified by sequential modification of the clotting assay. Delaying addition of oligonucleotide until after contact activation failed to correct prolongation of the PTT. The calcium-dependent steps of the intrinsic pathway were individually assessed by adding sufficient activated coagulation factor to correct the PTT in plasma deficient in that specific factor. Addition of factor XIa, IXa, VIIIa, or Va failed to correct the PTT in the presence of ISIS 2302. In contrast, 0.2 nmol/L factor Xa corrected prolongation of the PTT in factor X–deficient plasma with or without oligonucleotide present. ISIS 2302 (50 μg/mL) did not prolong a modified Russel viper venom time, suggesting no significant inhibition of prothrombinase. Thus, 50 μg/mL ISIS 2302 prolonged the PTT by selectively inhibiting intrinsic tenase activity. ISIS 2302 showed partial inhibition of intrinsic tenase activity (to approximately 35% of control) at clinically relevant oligonucleotide concentrations in a chromogenic assay. This activity was oligonucleotide sequence–independent but required the phosphorothioate backbone, suggesting that inhibition of intrinsic tenase is a general property of this class of oligonucleotides. These results are relevant to both the therapeutic use of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides and the potential design of inhibitors of the intrinsic tenase complex, a novel target for anticoagulation. © 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.
Direct conversion of methane on Mo/ZSM-5 catalysts to produce benzene and hydrogen: achievements and perspectives (2008)

Development of highly effective catalysts for one-stage conversion of light hydrocarbons with high selectivity to valuable products will solve such problems as efficient utilization of natural and oil-associated gases, and environmental protection. Methane dehydroaromatization (DHA) over Mo/ZSM-5 catalysts is a promising process for direct production of valuable aromatic compounds and hydrogen from methane. This review focuses on the range of issues dealing with the effect of catalyst composition, preparation, pretreatment and operation conditions on the physicochemical properties and activities of Mo/ZSM-5 catalysts in DHA reaction. The concepts of the reaction mechanism and the nature of the active molybdenum forms are reviewed. Various aspects of the Mo/ZSM-5 deactivation under reaction conditions and methods of their regeneration are discussed. Some approaches for improvement of the Mo/ZSM-5 performance in DHA reaction are addressed in the review in detail. The perspectives of the methane dehydroaromatization process are also presented.
Comparison between Ovalbumin and Ovalbumin Peptide 323-339 Responses in Allergic Mice: Humoral and Cellular Aspects (2010)

Ovalbumin (OVA) is widely used in allergy research. OVA peptide 323-339 has been reported to be responsible for 25-35% of isolated BALB/c mouse T-cell response to intact OVA. An investigation of whether OVA and OVA 323-339 molecules can induce equivalent in vivo and in vitro immune responses was conducted. Eight-week-old BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups: OVA, OVA 323-339 and saline. On days 0, 7, 14, mice were intraperitoneally injected with 25 microg OVA or OVA 323-339 absorbed on 300 microg Alum, or saline; on days 21-23, all groups were challenged intranasally with either 20 microl of 1% OVA, 1% OVA 323-339 or saline. On day 28, after killing, splenocytes were isolated and cultured under the stimulus of each allergen or medium. Evaluated by hematoxylin/eosin and major basic protein immunohistochemical stainings, OVA and OVA 323-339 induced similar lung inflammation. Interestingly, significant serum total IgE and OVA-specific IgE were observed in OVA mice when compared to saline control. OVA 323-339 mice showed higher serum OVA-specific IgE, OVA 323-339-specific IgE, IL-4 and lower IFN-gamma similar to OVA mice. The proliferative response to OVA was found in cultured splenocytes of both OVA and OVA 323-339 mice, while the similar proliferative response to OVA 323-339 was only observed in the splenocytes of OVA 323-339-sensitized and challenged mice. Although OVA 323-339 induced a Th2-like response in the mouse model as did OVA, OVA 323-339 has clearly limited immunogenic potency to activate OVA-sensitized and challenged mice splenocytes, unlike OVA.
Design and tolerance of a free-form optical system for an optical see-through multi-focal-plane display (2015)

By elegantly combining recent advancements of free-form optical technology and multi-focal-plane (MFP) display technology, we developed a high-performance true 3D augmented reality (AR) display that is capable of rendering a large volume of 3D scenes with accurate focus cues; this display overcomes the accommodation-convergence discrepancy problem in conventional AR display. In this paper, we concentrate on various aspects of engineering challenges in the design and integration of a free-form optical see-through eyepiece with MFP technology for our AR display prototype. We present the design and optimization strategy in coupling free-form optics with a rotational-symmetric lens system to achieve high image quality. A comprehensive tolerance analysis of this complicated optical system is also presented, including an effective tolerance method for random surface figure errors on aspheric and free-form surfaces. Finally, the image quality of the virtual display is evaluated, which shows the as-built performance matches very well with the optical design results and tolerance analysis.
Recent Results in Silicon Photonics (2005)

Silicon photonics has recently attracted a great deal of attention as it offers an opportunity for low cost optoelectronic solutions. This presentation gives an overview of recent advances in this area including demonstration of 10 Gbps data transmission using a silicon modulator and a continuous-wave Raman silicon laser.
Differential control of gene activity by isoforms A, B1 and B2 of the Drosophila ecdysone receptor. (2001)

The steroid hormone ecdysone initiates molting and metamorphosis in Drosophila via a heterodimeric receptor consisting of EcR that binds hormone, and USP, a homolog of the vertebrate RXR receptor. EcR exists in three isoforms EcRA, EcRB1 and EcRB2 that are thought to direct specific physiological responses to ecdysone. These three isoforms differ only in their N-terminal A/B domain that implies that sequences responsible for the differential physiological effects lie within the A/B domains of the EcR isoforms. In the present study, we set out to determine the capability of the three isoforms and their A/B domains to control gene transcription. When full-length EcR plasmids were cotransfected into mammalian cells with a USP expressing and a cognate reporter plasmid, the three EcR isoforms showed striking differences in their ability to control gene transcription, both in the presence and in the absence of hormone. Furthermore, the A/B domains of EcRB1 and of EcRB2 when fused to the GAL4 DNA binding domain are sufficient to activate transcription of a reporter gene, in yeast as well as in mammalian cells. In contrast, a fusion construct containing the A/B domain of EcRA represses basal transcription of the reporter gene. All these findings emphasize the importance of the A/B domains of the three EcR isoforms for differentially controlling gene transcription. Furthermore, they provide evidence for the existence of an autonomous ligand-independent activation function (AF1) in the A/B domains of EcRB1 and EcRB2 and of an inhibitory function (IF) in the A/B domain of EcRA.
Direct intensity modulation and wireless data transmission characteristics of terahertz-oscillating resonant tunnelling diodes (2012)

Direct intensity modulation and wireless data transmission characteristics of terahertz-oscillating resonant tunnelling diodes (RTDs) is reported. A direct intensity modulation of the RTD oscillators was demonstrated, and the frequency response was measured. It was found that the 3 dB cutoff modulation frequency was limited by the parasitic elements of the external circuit, and increased up to 4.5 GHz by reducing such parasitic elements. Wireless data transmission by direct amplitude shift keying was demonstrated using an RTD oscillating at 542 GHz with cutoff frequency of 1.1 GHz. The BERs for bit rates of 2 and 3 Gbit/s were found to be 2×10−8 and 3×10−5, respectively.
The shear strength and the failure mode of plasma‐sprayed hydroxyapatite coating to bone: The effect of coating thickness (1993)

Plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite coated (HAC) 50 and 200 microns thick on Ti-6Al-4V cylinders was transcortically implanted in the femora of canines to evaluate in detail the effect of coating thickness on the pushout shear strength and failure mode examined under scanning electron microscope after the periods of 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks. The HAC coating exhibited higher shear strength at 50 microns than at 200 microns. Its failure mode was conclusively at or near the HAC-bone interface, and the slight attack of body fluid had not degraded the implant to the extent that failure occurred at the HAC-Ti alloy interface after 12 weeks of observation. For 200 microns-HAC, failure was found at the HAC-bond interface, inside the HAC lamellar splat layer and at the HAC-Ti alloy substrate interface, depending on the period of implantation. It was also deduced that the variation of failure mode of 200 microns-HAC with time could not be accounted for by the attack of body fluid alone; the degradation must be a synergetic adverse result of residual stress in the HAC and the attack of body fluid.
Directed Surface Overgrowth and Morphology Control of Polyhedral Gold Nanocrystals (2008)

Formwandler: Form und Größe von Gold-Nanokristallen wurden durch gerichtetes Überwachsen polyedrischer und sphärischer Kristallkeime unterschiedlicher Größen simultan gesteuert. Die erhaltenen Würfel, Kuboktaeder und Oktaeder (siehe SEM-Bilder; Wachstum aus sphärischen Keimen zweierlei Größe) zeigen charakteristische optische Eigenschaften im sichtbaren Bereich, die durch DDA-Rechnungen (DDA=discrete dipole approximation) analysiert wurden.