gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a pyridoxalated hemoglobin‐polyoxyethylene conjugate as a physiologic oxygen carrier (1990)

A pyridoxalated hemoglobin-polyoxyethylene conjugate (PHP) is an oxygen carrier prepared from outdated human red cells through chemical modifications of hemoglobin (Hb). PHP was evaluated as a physiologic oxygen carrier. PHP was synthesized from a pyridoxalated hemoglobin (PLP-Hb) and an activated diester of polyoxyethylene (POE). The average numbers of molecules of PLP and POE conjugated to a Hb molecule were 3.3 and 6.2, respectively. The p50 of PHP was 20.4 torr, which was much higher than the 14.0 torr of stroma-free Hb. At a Hb concentration of 6 g per dL, PHP had a physiologic colloid osmotic pressure (29 torr) and a lower viscosity (2.6 cP at 37 degrees C) than whole blood (4.2 cP at 37 degrees C). At temperatures below 20 degrees C, the p50 of PHP was higher than that of the red cells. PHP, which had an average molecular weight of 90,000, consisted of 83 percent monomeric PLP-Hb-POE conjugate, 12 percent dimeric PLP-Hb-POE, and 4 percent trimeric PLP-Hb-POE. The consistency of the relative contents of the components was well controlled through seven lots, and each component had sufficient oxygen-carrying capacity. The dimeric and trimeric components contributed to the prolongation of the residence of PHP in the circulation. The results indicate that PHP has favorable properties as an oxygen-carrying blood substitute and perfusate.
Efficacy of systemic morphine suggests a fundamental difference in the mechanisms that generate bone cancer vs. inflammatory pain (2002)

Pain is the cancer related event that is most disruptive to the cancer patient's quality of life. Although bone cancer pain is one of the most severe and common of the chronic pains that accompany breast, prostate and lung cancers, relatively little is known about the mechanisms that generate and maintain this pain. Recently, we developed a mouse model of bone cancer pain and 16 days following tumor implantation into the intramedullary space of the femur, significant bone destruction and bone cancer pain-related behaviors were observed. A critical question is how closely this model mirrors human bone cancer pain. In the present study we show that, as in humans, pain-related behaviors are diminished by systemic morphine administration in a dose dependent fashion that is naloxone-reversible. Humans suffering from bone cancer pain generally require significantly higher doses of morphine as compared to individuals with inflammatory pain and in the mouse model, the doses of morphine required to block bone cancer pain-related behaviors were ten times that required to block peak inflammatory pain behaviors of comparable magnitude induced by hindpaw injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) (1-3mg/kg). As these animals were treated acutely, there was not time for morphine tolerance to develop and the rightward shift in analgesic efficacy observed in bone cancer pain vs. inflammatory pain suggests a fundamental difference in the underlying mechanisms that generate bone cancer vs. inflammatory pain. These results indicate that this model may be useful in defining drug therapies that are targeted for complex bone cancer pain syndromes.
An interaction between alpha-actinin and the beta 1 integrin subunit in vitro. (1990)

A number of cytoskeletal-associated proteins that are concentrated in focal contacts, namely alpha-actinin, vinculin, talin, and integrin, have been shown to interact in vitro such that they suggest a potential link between actin filaments and the membrane. Because some of these interactions are of low affinity, we suspect the additional linkages also exist. Therefore, we have used a synthetic peptide corresponding to the cytoplasmic domain of beta 1 integrin and affinity chromatography to identify additional integrin-binding proteins. Here we report our finding of an interaction between the cytoplasmic domain of beta 1 integrin and the actin-binding protein alpha-actinin. Beta 1-integrin cytoplasmic domain peptide columns bound several proteins from Triton extracts of chicken embryo fibroblasts. One protein at approximately 100 kD was identified by immunoblot analysis as alpha-actinin. Solid phase binding assays indicated that alpha-actinin bound specifically and directly to the beta 1 peptide with relatively high affinity. Using purified heterodimeric chicken smooth muscle integrin (a beta 1 integrin) or the platelet integrin glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex (a beta 3 integrin), binding of alpha-actinin was also observed in similar solid phase assays, albeit with a lower affinity than was seen using the beta 1 peptide. alpha-Actinin also bound specifically to phospholipid vesicles into which glycoprotein IIb/IIIa had been incorporated. These results lead us to suggest that this integrin-alpha-actinin linkage may contribute to the attachment of actin filaments to the membrane in certain locations.
Prothrombin Activation by Snake Venom Proteases (1993)

Snake venom prothrombin activators can be classified into four groups on the basis of their structural and functional properties in prothrombin activation. Group I activators (the best known example of which is the activator present in Echis carinalus venom) are metalloproteases that efficiently convert prothrombin into meizothrombin. Prothrombin activation by these activators is not affected by the presence of the prothrombinase cofactors, negatively charged phospholipids, CaCl2 or factor Va. Group II activators (e.g. the Notechis scutatus scutatus activator) are serine proteases that require the presence of negatively charged phospholipids, CaCl2 and factor Va for efficient prothrombin activation. Activators belonging to group III (e.g. Oxyuranus scutellatus scutellatus) are serine proteases that are also stimulated by negatively charged phospholipids and CaCl2 but not by factor Va. These activators have a high molecular weight (Mr > 250,000) and are composed of a catalytic unit that is tightly associated with a factor Va-like cofactor unit An additional group of activators can be defined that consists of snake venoms which do not activate prothrombin but which convert prothrombin into inactive precursor forms of thrombin. In this review we describe a representative example of each group using experimental techniques currently available for the analysis of prothrombin activation.
ServiceGlobe: Flexible and Reliable Web Services on the Internet (2003)

Web services are a new technology for the development of distributed applications on the Internet. By a Web service (also called service), we understand an autonomous software component that
C2 Region-derived Peptides Inhibit Translocation and Function of β Protein Kinase C in Vivo (1995)

RACK1 is a protein kinase C (PKC)-binding protein that fulfills the criteria previously established for a receptor for activated C-kinase (RACK). If binding of PKC to RACK anchors the activated enzyme near its protein substrates, then inhibition of this binding should inhibit translocation and function of the enzyme in vivo. Here, we have identified such inhibitors that mimic the RACK1-binding site on beta PKC. We first found that a C2-containing fragment, but not a C1-containing fragment of beta PKC, bound to RACK1 and inhibited subsequent beta PKC binding. The RACK1-binding site was further mapped; peptides beta C2-1 (beta PKC(209-216), beta C2-2 (beta PKC(186-198)), and beta C2-4 (beta PKC(218-226), but not a number of control peptides, bound to RACK1 and inhibited the C2 fragment binding to RACK1. Peptides beta C2-1, beta C2-2, and beta C2-4 specifically inhibited phorbol ester-induced translocation of the C2-containing isozymes in cardiac myocytes and insulin-induced beta PKC translocation and function in Xenopus oocytes. Therefore, peptides corresponding to amino acids 186-198, and 209-226 within the C2 region of the beta PKC are specific inhibitors for functions mediated by beta PKC.
Resonant grating waveguide structures (1997)

Under certain conditions, a resonance phenomenon can occur in waveguide grating structures. Such structures have multilayer configuration, the most basic of which is comprised of a substrate, a thin dielectric layer or semiconductor waveguide layer, and an additional transparent layer in which a grating is etched. When such a structure is illuminated with an incident light beam, part of the beam is directly transmitted and part is diffracted and subsequently trapped in the waveguide layer. Some of the trapped light is then rediffracted outwards, so that it interferes destructively with the transmitted part of the light beam. At a specific wavelength and angular orientation of the incident beam, the structure "resonates"; namely, complete interference occurs and no light is transmitted. This paper reviews previous investigations on the resonance phenomena and presents analytic and numerical models for evaluating the resonance as a function of the geometric and optical parameters of the structures and incident radiation.
Regulation of allergic airway inflammation through Toll-like receptor 4-mediated modification of mast cell function (2006)

In a mouse experimental asthma model, the administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), particularly at low doses, enhances the levels of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced eosinophilic airway inflammation. In an effort to clarify the cellular and molecular basis for the LPS effect, we demonstrate that the OVA-induced eosinophilic inflammation in the lung is dramatically increased by the administration of LPS in wild-type mice, whereas such increase was not observed in mast-cell-deficient mice or Toll-like receptor (TLR)4-deficient mice. Adoptive transfer of bone-marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) from wild-type, but not from TLR4-deficient, mice restored the increased eosinophilic inflammation in mast-cell-deficient mice. Wild-type BMMCs pretreated with LPS in vitro also reconstituted the eosinophilic inflammation. Moreover, in vitro analysis revealed that the treatment of BMMCs with LPS resulted in NF-kappaB activation, sustained up-regulation of GATA1 and -2 expression, and increased the capability to produce IL-5 and -13. Dramatic increases in the expression of IL-5 and -13 and Eotaxin 2 were detected in LPS-treated BMMCs after costimulation with LPS and IgE/Ag. Overexpression of GATA1, but not GATA2, in MC9 mast cells resulted in increased transcriptional activity of IL-4, -5, and -13. Furthermore, the levels of transcription of Th2 cytokines in BMMCs were decreased by the introduction of small interfering RNA for GATA1. Thus, mast cells appear to control allergic airway inflammation after their activation and modulation through TLR4-mediated induction of GATA1 and subsequent increase in Th2 cytokine production.
Structure and Assembly of the Semliki Forest Virus Membrane (1979)

Conference Article| April 01 1979 Structure and Assembly of the Semliki Forest Virus Membrane HENRIK GAROFF HENRIK GAROFF 1European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Postfach 10.2209-6900, Heidelberg, W. Germany Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1979) 7 (2): 301–306. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0070301 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation HENRIK GAROFF; Structure and Assembly of the Semliki Forest Virus Membrane. Biochem Soc Trans 1 April 1979; 7 (2): 301–306. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0070301 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1979 Biochemical Society1979 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Quantitative external reflection infrared spectroscopic analysis of insoluble monolayers spread at the air-water interface (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantitative external reflection infrared spectroscopic analysis of insoluble monolayers spread at the air-water interfaceRichard A. DluhyCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 7, 1373–1379Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100398a033https://doi.org/10.1021/j100398a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views710Altmetric-Citations228LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
PATHOGENESIS AND MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (1996)

Acute promyelocytic leukemia, formerly a highly lethal disease, was recently shown to be highly responsive to treatment with the natural retinoid, all-trans retinoic acid. This compound induces terminal differentiation of the malignant cells and produces complete remission in most patients with this disease. The clinical response is due in part to the presence of a chromosomal break that occurs in a gene that encodes a nuclear retinoic acid receptor.
Polymerization and RNase H activities of the reverse transcriptases from avian myeloblastosis, human immunodeficiency, and Moloney murine leukemia viruses are functionally uncoupled. (1991)

The functional interaction between the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase and the RNase H activities of reverse transcriptases (RTs) were examined using a 272 nucleotide long plasmid-derived RNA transcript primed in a specific location. Properties of the avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) RT, the human immunodeficiency virus RT and the Moloney murine leukemia virus RT were examined. All three enzymes formed stable complexes with the primer-template with half-lives ranging from about 16 to 41 s. Each enzyme synthesized full-length primer extension products and cleaved the RNA template at least once during DNA synthesis. Polymerization was then assayed in the presence of challenger RNA that effectively sequestered RTs after one round of processive DNA synthesis. This assay allowed measurement of the number of endonucleolytic cleavages catalyzed by the RT during one encounter with the primer-template. Results indicated that each of the three RTs cut the transcript before dissociating from the primer-template, whether or not deoxynucleoside triphosphates were present to allow synthesis. During synthesis, the extent of RNA degradation differed among the RTs, with AMV-RT generating mostly large segments of RNA-DNA hybrid, and virtually no small RNA cleavage products. Human immunodeficiency virus and Moloney murine leukemia virus-RT generated more small degradation products than AMV-RT, but still left much of the potentially degradable hybrid undigested. Results demonstrate that the RNase H function is much less active than the polymerization function during processive DNA synthesis and that the activities are not strictly coupled.
Biguanides and NIDDM (1992)

The main biguanides, metformin and phenformin, were introduced in 1957 as oral glucose-lowering agents to treat non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Phenformin was withdrawn in many countries because of an association with lactic acidosis, but metformin does not have the same risk if appropriately prescribed. Metformin is now widely used as a monotherapy and in combination with a sulfonylurea. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin is not bound to plasma proteins, is not metabolized, and is eliminated rapidly by the kidney. The glucose-lowering effect occurs without stimulation of insulin secretion and results mainly from increased glucose utilization. The presence of insulin is required, and enhancement of insulin action at the postreceptor level occurs in peripheral tissues such as muscle. In peripheral tissues metformin increases insulin-mediated glucose uptake and oxidative metabolism. Metformin also increases glucose utilization by the intestine, primarily via nonoxidative metabolism. The extra lactate produced is largely extracted by the liver and serves as a substrate to sustain gluconeogenesis. This limits the extent to which metformin reduces hepatic glucose production but provides a safeguard against excessive glucose lowering. Because metformin does not cause clinical hypoglycemia, it is actually an antihyperglycemic drug. It does not cause weight gain, it helps combat hypertriglyceridemia, and it has been ascribed some vasoprotective properties. Metformin offers a useful treatment for insulin-resistant overweight NIDDM patients.
Umbilical cord blood transplantation (2004)

This review describes the recent clinical results of cord blood transplantation and discusses developing research strategies aimed at optimizing this kind of transplantation.
A Monoclonal Immunoglobulin G Antibody Directed against an Immunodominant Linear Epitope on the Ricin A Chain Confers Systemic and Mucosal Immunity to Ricin (2009)

Due to the potential use of ricin and other fast-acting toxins as agents of bioterrorism, there is an urgent need for the development of safe and effective antitoxin vaccines. A candidate ricin subunit vaccine (RiVax) consisting of a recombinant attenuated enzymatic A chain (RTA) has been shown to elicit protective antitoxin antibodies in mice and rabbits and is currently being tested in phase I human clinical trials. However, evaluation of the efficacy of this vaccine for humans is difficult for a number of reasons, including the fact that the key neutralizing B-cell epitopes on RTA have not been fully defined. Castelletti and colleagues (Clin. Exp. Immunol. 136:365-372, 2004) recently identified a linear epitope on RTA, spanning residues L161 to I175, as a primary target of serum antibodies derived from humans who had been treated with ricin immunotoxin. While affinity-purified polyclonal IgG antibodies against this region of RTA were capable of neutralizing ricin in vitro, their capacity to confer protection against ricin challenge in vivo was not determined. In this report, we describe the production and characterization of GD12, a murine monoclonal IgG1 antibody specifically directed against residues 163 to 174 (TLARSFIICIQM) of RTA. GD12 bound ricin holotoxin with high affinity (K(D) [dissociation constant], 2.9 x 10(-9) M) and neutralized it with a 50% inhibitory concentration of approximately 0.25 microg/ml, as determined by a Vero cell-based cytotoxicity assay. Passive administration of GD12 was sufficient to protect BALB/c mice against intraperitoneal and intragastric ricin challenges. These data are important in terms of vaccine development, since they firmly establish that preexisting serum antibodies directed against residues 161 to 175 on RTA are sufficient to confer both systemic and mucosal immunity to ricin. The potential of GD12 to serve as a therapeutic following ricin challenge was not explored in this study.
Reliability and security in the CoDeeN content distribution network (2004)

With the advent of large-scale, wide-area networking testbeds, researchers can deploy long-running distributed services that interact with other resources on the Web. The CoDeeN Content Distribution Network, deployed on PlanetLab, uses a network of caching Web proxy servers to intelligently distribute and cache requests from a potentially large client population. We have been running this system nearly continuously since June 2003, allowing open access from any client in the world. In that time, it has become the most heavily-used long-running service on PlanetLab, handling over four million accesses per day. In this paper, we discuss the design of our system, focusing on the reliability and security mechanisms that have kept the service in operation. Our reliability mechanisms assess node health, preventing failing nodes from disrupting the operation of the overall system. Our security mechanisms protect nodes from being exploited and from being implicated in malicious activities, problems that commonly plague other open proxies. We believe that future services, especially peer-to-peer systems, will require similar mechanisms as more services are deployed on non-dedicated distributed systems, and as their interaction with existing protocols and systems increases. Our experiences with CoDeeN and our data on its availability should serve as an important starting point for designers of future systems. 1
Glyoxal detoxification in Escherichia coli K-12 by NADPH dependent aldo-keto reductases (2013)

Glyoxal (GO) and methylglyoxal (MG) are reactive carbonyl compounds that are accumulated in vivo through various pathways. They are presumably detoxified through multiple pathways including glutathione (GSH)-dependent/independent glyoxalase systems and NAD(P)H dependent reductases. Previously, we reported an involvement of aldo-ketoreductases (AKRs) in MG detoxification. Here, we investigated the role of various AKRs (YqhE, YafB, YghZ, YeaE, and YajO) in GO metabolism. Enzyme activities of the AKRs to GO were measured, and GO sensitivities of the corresponding mutants were compared. In addition, we examined inductions of the AKR genes by GO. The results indicate that AKRs efficiently detoxify GO, among which YafB, YghZ, and YeaE are major players.
Protease-deficient Bacillus subtilis host strains for production of Staphylococcal protein A (1987)

We constructed strains of Bacillus subtilis which produced very low levels of extracellular proteases. These strains carried insertion or deletion mutations in the subtilisin structural gene (apr) which were constructed in vitro by using the cloned gene. The methods used to construct the mutations involved the use of a plasmid vector which allowed the selection of chromosomal integrates and their subsequent excision by homologous recombination to effect replacement of the chromosomal apr gene by a derivative carrying an inactivating insert with a selectable marker (a cat gene conferring chloramphenicol resistance). The strains produced no subtilisin, no detectable extracellular metalloprotease activity, and residual extracellular serine protease levels as low as 0.5% of that of the standard strain from which they were derived. The strains proved to be superior host strains for the production of staphylococcal protein A, accumulating higher levels of intact protein than do previously available B. subtilis strains.
Morphology of multi-component polymer systems: single chain in mean field simulation studies (2006)

Recent work exploring phase separation and self-assembly in multicomponent polymer fluids using a particle-based self-consistent field simulation method is reviewed. The computational method is placed in the context of classical molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations as well as field-theoretic approaches. Its potential is illustrated by applications ranging from spinodal decomposition in symmetric polymer blends and the ordering of diblock copolymers in the bulk to more complex phenomena such as solvent evaporation from thin polymer films and the fabrication of three-dimensional bicontinuous diblock copolymer morphologies reconstruction on patterned substrates.