gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Implementation of Casino Slot Machine Accounting Protocol Engine (2014)

IGT’s SAS (Slot Accounting System) protocol is the de facto casino communications standards designed to automate slot machine meter reporting and event logging, player tracking, bonusing, ticketing and cashless gaming. By presenting the design experience of SAS protocol, this paper unveils the technical details of SAS 6.0 standards, which is only exposed to the limited industry circle. The engine is integrated with engine test UI and tested and verified against the IGT EGM test software.
Dantrolene Stabilizes Domain Interactions within the Ryanodine Receptor (2004)

Interdomain interactions between N-terminal and central domains serving as a "domain switch" are believed to be essential to the functional regulation of the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor-1 Ca(2+) channel. Mutational destabilization of the domain switch in malignant hyperthermia (MH), a genetic sensitivity to volatile anesthetics, causes functional instability of the channel. Dantrolene, a drug used to treat MH, binds to a region within this proposed domain switch. To explore its mechanism of action, the effect of dantrolene on MH-like channel activation by the synthetic domain peptide DP4 or anti-DP4 antibody was examined. A fluorescence probe, methylcoumarin acetate, was covalently attached to the domain switch using DP4 as a delivery vehicle. The magnitude of domain unzipping was determined from the accessibility of methylcoumarin acetate to a macromolecular fluorescence quencher. The Stern-Volmer quenching constant (K(Q)) increased with the addition of DP4 or anti-DP4 antibody. This increase was reversed by dantrolene at both 37 and 22 degrees C and was unaffected by calmodulin. [(3)H]Ryanodine binding to the sarcoplasmic reticulum and activation of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) release, both measures of channel activation, were enhanced by DP4. These activities were inhibited by dantrolene at 37 degrees C, yet required the presence of calmodulin at 22 degrees C. These results suggest that the mechanism of action of dantrolene involves stabilization of domain-domain interactions within the domain switch, preventing domain unzipping-induced channel dysfunction. We suggest that temperature and calmodulin primarily affect the coupling between the domain switch and the downstream mechanism of regulation of Ca(2+) channel opening rather than the domain switch itself.
Read and write characteristics of Co-alloy/Cr thin films for longitudinal recording (1988)

Magnetic and corrosion properties and read and write characteristics of sputtered C/Co-Ni-M/Cr and C/Co-Cr-M/Cr (M=Pt, Ta and Zr) thin films are investigated. The addition of a small amount of Pt, Ta, and Zr to Co-alloy films improves both corrosion resistance and coercivity. Media noise has almost no correlation with coercivity but is proportional to the effective demagnetization energy. This is because the transition length of the medium can be narrow due to the small demagnetization energy at magnetization reversals. C/Co-Ni-Zr/Cr and C/Co-Cr-Ta/Cr disks, with large perpendicular anisotropy constant and small demagnetization energy, have an excellent S/N ratio and recording density.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Non-Peptidic GnRH Receptor Antagonists (2004)

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) is a decapeptide (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2) hypothalamic hormone that acts upon 7-trans membrane spanning GnRH receptors in the pituitary. This action leads to the secretion of the gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) that in turn act on the reproductive organs regulating gonadal steroid production, spermatogenesis and follicular development. Peptidic agonists of the GnRH receptor have been known for many years and are currently employed therapeutically in the treatment of prostate and breast tumours, uterine fibroids, precocious puberty, endometriosis, premenstrual syndrome, contraception and infertility. Peptidic antagonists to date have only been employed commercially in the treatment of infertility during assisted reproductive therapy; however, many peptidic antagonists are currently in late stage development for many of the aforementioned indications. Whilst peptidic agonists and antagonists of the GnRH receptor have been discovered and exploited clinically, they are limited to predominantly parenteral administration due to their poor oral bioavailability. Recently, several small molecule GnRH antagonist series have been discovered offering the prospect of orally active therapeutics based on GnRH receptor antagonism. This article will review the current medicinal chemistry literature and structure activity relationships known for non-peptidic GnRH receptor antagonists.
Nickel N-heterocyclic carbene–pyridine complexes that exhibit selectivity for electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide over water (2011)

We report a homologous series of nickel(II) complexes supported by N-heterocyclic carbene-pyridine ((R)bimpy, R = Me, Et, Pr) ligands that exhibit high selectivity for reducing carbon dioxide over water under electrocatalytic conditions.
Synthesis of well‐defined cyclodextrin‐core star polymers (2001)

Abstract The synthesis of 21‐arm methyl methacrylate (MMA) and styrene star polymers is reported. The copper (I)‐mediated living radical polymerization of MMA was carried out with a cyclodextrin‐core‐based initiator with 21 independent discrete initiation sites: heptakis[2,3,6‐tri‐ O ‐(2‐bromo‐2‐methylpropionyl]‐β‐cyclodextrin. Living polymerization occurred, providing well‐defined 21‐arm star polymers with predicted molecular weights calculated from the initiator concentration and the consumed monomer as well as low polydispersities [e.g., poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), number‐average molecular weight ( M n ) = 55,700, polydispersity index (PDI) = 1.07; M n = 118,000, PDI = 1.06; polystyrene, M n = 37,100, PDI = 1.15]. Functional methacrylate monomers containing poly(ethylene glycol), a glucose residue, and a tert ‐amine group in the side chain were also polymerized in a similar fashion, leading to hydrophilic star polymers, again with good control over the molecular weight and polydispersity ( M n = 15,000, PDI = 1.03; M n = 36,500, PDI = 1.14; and M n = 139,000, PDI = 1.09, respectively). When styrene was used as the monomer, it was difficult to obtain well‐defined polystyrene stars at high molecular weights. This was due to the increased occurrence of side reactions such as star–star coupling and thermal (spontaneous) polymerization; however, low‐polydispersity polymers were achieved at relatively low conversions. Furthermore, a star block copolymer consisting of PMMA and poly(butyl methacrylate) was successfully synthesized with a star PMMA as a macroinitiator ( M n = 104,000, PDI = 1.05). © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 2206–2214, 2001
Structural and functional characterization of a conserved pair of bacterial cellulose-oxidizing lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (2014)

For decades, the enzymatic conversion of cellulose was thought to rely on the synergistic action of hydrolytic enzymes, but recent work has shown that lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are important contributors to this process. We describe the structural and functional characterization of two functionally coupled cellulose-active LPMOs belonging to auxiliary activity family 10 (AA10) that commonly occur in cellulolytic bacteria. One of these LPMOs cleaves glycosidic bonds by oxidation of the C1 carbon, whereas the other can oxidize both C1 and C4. We thus demonstrate that C4 oxidation is not confined to fungal AA9-type LPMOs. X-ray crystallographic structures were obtained for the enzyme pair from Streptomyces coelicolor, solved at 1.3 Å (ScLPMO10B) and 1.5 Å (CelS2 or ScLPMO10C) resolution. Structural comparisons revealed differences in active site architecture that could relate to the ability to oxidize C4 (and that also seem to apply to AA9-type LPMOs). Despite variation in active site architecture, the two enzymes exhibited similar affinities for Cu(2+) (12-31 nM), redox potentials (242 and 251 mV), and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra, with only the latter clearly different from those of chitin-active AA10-type LPMOs. We conclude that substrate specificity depends not on copper site architecture, but rather on variation in substrate binding and orientation. During cellulose degradation, the members of this LPMO pair act in synergy, indicating different functional roles and providing a rationale for the abundance of these enzymes in biomass-degrading organisms.
Capacitive sensors for in-vivo measurements of the dielectric properties of biological materials (1988)

Two open-ended coaxial sensors for in vivo measurements of the dielectric properties of biological tissues at low radio frequencies are described. The high fringing-field capacitance of these sensors allows accurate measurements of high-water-content tissues at frequencies as low as 10 kHz. Each sensor is represented by two capacitances, which are calculated using the method of moments. Theoretical and experimental results for experimental sensors terminating a standard 14-mm coaxial line with a GR900 connector are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Directed Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells into Pancreatic-Like or Neuronal- and Glial-Like Phenotypes (2007)

The derivation of definitive endoderm and in particular endocrine cell types from undifferentiated embryonic stem (ES) cells remains difficult to achieve. In this study, we investigated the potential to regulate the differentiation of ES cells into endodermal derivatives using extracellular factors previously associated with various aspects of pancreatic development. Feeder-free-cultured mouse ESD3 cells were manipulated to form embryoid bodies (EBs) in the presence of retinoic acid (RA). RA-treated EBs were subsequently exposed to sodium butyrate (SB), betacellulin (BTC) or activin A (AA). A comparative analysis was performed on these models of directed differentiation in parallel with a model of spontaneous differentiation. Lineage differentiation was determined by profiling multilineage marker transcript expression (neuronal, myogenic, exocrine and endocrine pancreas, extraembryonic and apoptotic) and subsequent protein expression within ES-derived cultures. Using a two-stage differentiation protocol developed during this study, we successfully demonstrated the derivation of an intermediate multipotential population (RA_EBs) from undifferentiated ES cells that preferentially gives rise to pancreatic endocrine insulin-expressing cell types in the presence of SB, and neuronal- and glial-like cell types in the presence of AA or BTC.
Formation and Characterization of Planar Phospholipid Bilayers Supported on TiO2 and SrTiO3 Single Crystals (2000)

Supported phospholipid bilayers have been prepared on rutile TiO2 and SrTiO3 single-crystal substrates. Fluidlike bilayers were successfully deposited onto each surface by Langmuir−Blodgett and Langmuir−Schaeffer methods and the vesicle adsorption and fusion method. The characteristics of membranes supported on TiO2 and SrTiO3 single crystals were evaluated using fluorescence pattern photobleaching recovery, fluorescence imaging, and differential interference contrast imaging, and the results were compared to similar preparations on fused silica. Diffusion coefficients of a fluorescent lipid in membranes supported on all substrates were on the order of 10-8 cm2/s, and fractional mobilities were 74−99%. Measured diffusion coefficients were faster for fluorescent lipids in bilayers on TiO2 and SrTiO3 than in bilayers on fused silica, and some sample types exhibited two diffusing species rather than a single diffusing species. Both the intensities and bleachabilities of the fluorescent lipids were significantly reduced for bilayers on TiO2 and SrTiO3 as compared to fused silica. A new theoretical model for interpreting fluorescence pattern photobleaching recovery data for fluorescent lipid diffusion in planar membranes is described. The ability to form planar phospholipid bilayers on TiO2 and SrTiO3 is expected to facilitate new developments in total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, surface-based assays of importance in biotechnology, and biosensors.
A Content-Based Video Coding Method for Remote Monitoring of Neurosurgery (2005)

Transmitting high-quality neurophysiology video via the Internet is a challenging problem in telemedicine. We propose a novel video data processing and compression method based on the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The DWT is utilized to decompose video frames into subframes, different bandwidth budgets are assigned to important and less important regions in each subframe, and several video encoders are employed in parallel to accelerate computation. When compared with the general-purpose video compression methods, our method allows scalability on real-time network bandwidth allocation, and offers higher video quality within the critical field of neurosurgery
Molecular cloning and sequencing of equine inhibin α cDNA (1996)

Abstract A cDNA probe for recombinant human inhibin α subunit was used to screen an equine testis cDNA library. Approximately 220,000 plaques were screened and 10 positive clones were identified. The largest of these clones, approximately 1 kb, was sequenced. The sequence (993 nucleotides [nt]) contained the ARG‐ARG proteolytic processing site that precedes the N‐terminus of the a subunit mature peptide. The sequence that followed this processing site was 402 nt in length and encoded for a protein of 134 amino acids. Nucleotide homology was 88%, 87%, 88%, 82% and 86% with the a subunit cDNA of cattle, pigs, sheep, mice and humans, respectively. Amino acid homology within the mature peptide region was 99%, 88%, 92%, 87% and 86% with the a subunit of cattle, pigs, sheep, mice and humans, respectively. The equine a subunit peptide contained 6 cysteine residues and one potential N‐glycosylation site (Asn‐Ile‐Ser). The estimated molecular weight of the amino acid sequence for the mature protein was 14.7 kDa. The equine inhibin a subunit cDNA was used as a probe on a Northern blot of total RNA from various horse tissues. Positive hybridization (1.6 kb) was observed in the adrenal, corpora lutea from mares 55 and 100 days pregnant, and testis RNA, but not in the kidney, muscle, small intestine, liver from mares 55 and 100 days pregnant, epididymis or lung.
Detection of inherited mutations for breast and ovarian cancer using genomic capture and massively parallel sequencing (2010)

Inherited loss-of-function mutations in the tumor suppressor genes BRCA1, BRCA2, and multiple other genes predispose to high risks of breast and/or ovarian cancer. Cancer-associated inherited mutations in these genes are collectively quite common, but individually rare or even private. Genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations has become an integral part of clinical practice, but testing is generally limited to these two genes and to women with severe family histories of breast or ovarian cancer. To determine whether massively parallel, "next-generation" sequencing would enable accurate, thorough, and cost-effective identification of inherited mutations for breast and ovarian cancer, we developed a genomic assay to capture, sequence, and detect all mutations in 21 genes, including BRCA1 and BRCA2, with inherited mutations that predispose to breast or ovarian cancer. Constitutional genomic DNA from subjects with known inherited mutations, ranging in size from 1 to >100,000 bp, was hybridized to custom oligonucleotides and then sequenced using a genome analyzer. Analysis was carried out blind to the mutation in each sample. Average coverage was >1200 reads per base pair. After filtering sequences for quality and number of reads, all single-nucleotide substitutions, small insertion and deletion mutations, and large genomic duplications and deletions were detected. There were zero false-positive calls of nonsense mutations, frameshift mutations, or genomic rearrangements for any gene in any of the test samples. This approach enables widespread genetic testing and personalized risk assessment for breast and ovarian cancer.
Calcineurin Localization in Skeletal Muscle Offers Insights into Potential New Targets (2005)

The Ca(2+)/calmodulin-activated protein phosphatase, calcineurin, is believed to regulate the development and function of skeletal and cardiac muscle. Striated muscle contains many calcineurin substrates, a few of which have been colocalized or found in molecular complexes with calcineurin. We examined the subcellular distribution of calcineurin in developing rat skeletal muscle cells and adult mouse skeletal muscle fibers by immunofluorescence microscopy. We found low levels of calcineurin immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm of myoblasts and higher levels in cytoplasmic vesicles of myotubes. Most of these vesicles were not immunoreactive for ryanodine receptors and, those that were, represented a small fraction of nascent triad junctions. In adult myofibers, calcineurin was largely associated with triads. Weaker calcineurin immunoreactivity occurred in the sarcoplasmic reticulum at the level of the M line. Unexpectedly, we found tiny clusters of calcineurin associated with nucleoli of developing myofiber nuclei. There were one to three clusters per nucleolus, either within or at the edges of fibrillar centers where ribosomal genes are transcribed. This suggests a role for calcineurin in regulating ribosome synthesis. Our findings suggest a variety of potential new targets and pathways through which calcineurin could regulate skeletal muscle development and plasticity and underscore the importance of spatial specificity in this regulation.
Nitric oxide (NO)-releasing statin derivatives, a class of drugs showing enhanced antiproliferative and antiinflammatory properties (2004)

Inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase, namely statins, exert pleiotropic actions beyond lipid-lowering effects. Their pharmacological activity on atherosclerotic plaque stability and vascular inflammation appears to be mediated, at least in part, by nitric oxide (NO). With the aim of enhancing the nonlipid-lowering properties of selected statins, we introduced a NO-releasing moiety into the structure of pravastatin (NCX 6550) and fluvastatin (NCX 6553). NO release was evaluated as nitrosylhemoglobin adduct formation by using EPR spectroscopy in rat blood. Both compounds produced a linear time-dependent increase in nitrosylhemoglobin formation, which is consistent with slow NO release kinetics. In PC12 cells, unlike their native statins, both compounds stimulated cGMP formation (NCX 6550, EC(50) = 2.3 +/- 0.2 microM; NCX 6553, EC(50) = 2.7 +/- 0.2 microM). Moreover, NCX 6550 potently inhibited cell proliferation in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (IC(50) = 2.2 +/- 0.3 microM) with a mechanism that involved both the polyamine and HMG-CoA reductase signaling pathways. Hence, mevalonate or putrescine partially reverted the effects of NCX 6550 and their combination was fully effective. In RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (1 microg/ml), NCX 6550, but not pravastatin, significantly decreased inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression as well as nitrite accumulation. All together, the data show that the previously undescribed NO-releasing statins retain HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity and release bioactive NO slowly. Among the additional properties, compared with native statins, the NO-releasing statins show enhanced antiinflammatory effects. Thus, NO-releasing statins represent an interesting class of drugs having potential in the therapy of disorders associated with endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation.
Detection and Identification Techniques for Markers Used in Computer Vision (2011)

This paper summarizes and compares techniques for detecting and identifying markers in the context of computer vision. Existing approaches either use correlation, digital or topological methods for marker identification. The comparison points out, that all marker processing algorithms which employ sophisticated digital codes perform more robust and reliable. Existing bit representation schemes for these codes and marker designs are compared with each other. In the overall context it is illustrated, why the marker processing algorithm is the best performer regarding marker occlusion and minimal detectable pattern size.
A multi-radio unification protocol for IEEE 802.11 wireless networks (2004)

We present a link layer protocol called the multi-radio unification protocol or MUP. On a single node, MUP coordinates the operation of multiple wireless network cards tuned to non-overlapping frequency channels. The goal of MUP is to optimize local spectrum usage via intelligent channel selection in a multihop wireless network. MUP works with standard-compliant IEEE 802.11 hardware, does not require changes to applications or higher-level protocols, and can be deployed incrementally. The primary usage scenario for MUP is a multihop community wireless mesh network, where cost of the radios and battery consumption are not limiting factors. We describe the design and implementation of MUP, and analyze its performance using both simulations and measurements based on our implementation. Our results show that under dynamic traffic patterns with realistic topologies, MUP significantly improves both TCP throughput and user perceived latency for realistic workloads.