gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL AND GENE THERAPIES FOR SPINAL FUSION (2008)

THE IDEAL GRAFT material to promote spinal fusion should possess osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osteogenic properties. Although autogenous bone graft has all three qualities and is the standard for comparison, research has focused on finding alternatives that have similar efficacy but not the morbidities associated with graft donor sites. Efforts have focused on various osteoconductive scaffolds and introduction of osteoinductive proteins, including bone morphogenetic protein. Recently, interest in using osteoprogenitor cells, or osteogenesis, for spinal fusion has increased. Bone marrow aspiration allows the introduction of mesenchymal stem cells and ultimately osteoblasts to promote fusion. Preclinical studies suggest that the addition of osteoprogenitor cells to various osteoconductive materials results in a fusion rate similar to that of autograft. There is growing recognition that local gene therapy has the benefit of delivering therapeutic genes that encode novel osteoinductive proteins. Gene delivery offers an alternative to local implantation of recombinant protein, which typically requires high doses of the protein to result in a sufficient osteoinductive response. The findings of animal studies demonstrate that gene therapy results in sustained and regulated production of desired osteoinductive proteins and is efficacious in promoting spinal fusion; however, before treatment in humans can be undertaken, obstacles such as the safety profile, host immune response, transfection rates with insufficient transgene expression, and imprecise control of the timing of transgene expression must be overcome. In this review, the authors summarize the latest research efforts under way to promote spinal fusion with osteoprogenitor cells and gene therapy and discuss the clinical implications of these treatments.
Photoactive chemosensors 3 : a unique case of fluorescence enhancement with Cu(ii) (2002)

Chemosensor (4a) shows fluorescence enhancement with Cu(II) and can estimate 1-300 microM Cu(II) by using fluorescence (1-20 MicroM) and UV-Vis (10-300 microM) spectroscopic techniques. Ni(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), Ag(I) and Hg(II) do not interfere in fluorescence studies and only Ag(I) and Hg(II) interfere in UV-Vis studies.
Resistance of weeds to ALS-inhibiting herbicides: what have we learned? (2002)

Herbicides that target the enzyme acetolactate synthase (ALS) are among the most widely used in the world. Unfortunately, these herbicides are also notorious for their ability to select resistant (R) weed populations. Now, there are more weed species that are resistant to ALS-inhibiting herbicides than to any other herbicide group. In most cases, resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides is caused by an altered ALS enzyme. The frequent occurrence of weed populations resistant to ALS inhibitors can be attributed to the widespread usage of these herbicides, how they have been used, the strong selection pressure they exert, and the resistance mechanism. In several cropping systems, ALS-inhibiting herbicides were used repeatedly as the primary mechanism of weed control. These herbicides exert strong selection pressure because of their high activity on sensitive biotypes at the rates used and because of their soil residual activity. Several point mutations within the gene encoding ALS can result in a herbicide-resistant ALS. From investigations of numerous R weed biotypes, five conserved amino acids have been identified in ALS that, on substitution, can confer resistance to ALS inhibitors. Substitutions of at least 12 additional ALS amino acids can also confer herbicide resistance in plants and other organisms but, to date, have not been found in R weed populations. Mutations in ALS conferring herbicide resistance are at least partially dominant, and because the gene is nuclear inherited, it is transmitted by both seed and pollen. Furthermore, in many cases there is apparently a negligible fitness cost of the resistance gene in the absence of herbicide selection. Although resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides has been a bane to weed management, it has spurred many advances within and beyond the weed science discipline. As examples, resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides has been exploited in the development of herbicide-resistant crops, studies of weed population dynamics, and in developing protocols for targeted gene modification. Resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides has greatly affected weed science by influencing how we view the sustainability of our weed management practices, what we consider when developing and marketing new herbicides, and how we train new weed scientists.
Exact Interpolation of Band-Limited Functions (1953)

A general formula is derived for the spectrum of a multiply-periodic, amplitude modulated sequence of pulses. The result is used to show that a function which lies in a frequency band (W0, W0+W) is completely determined by its values at a properly chosen set of points of density 2W. This verifies a supposition commonly accepted in communication theory. The well-known, exact interpolation formula for a function f(t) in a band (O, W) is f(t)=Σnf(n/2W)sinπ(2Wt−n)π(2Wt−n). The function is thus determined by its values at a set of evenly spaced points ½W apart. For a function f(t) in a band (W0, W0+W) it is shown that an exact interpolation formula is f(t)=Σn[f(n/W)s(t−n/W)+f(n/W+k)s(n/W+k−t)]in which k is subject to weak restrictions and s(t)=cos[2π(W0+W)t−(r+1)πWk]−cos[2π(rW−W0)t−(r+1)πWK]2πWtsin(r+1)πWK+cos[2π(rW−W0)t−rπWk]−cos[2πW0t−rπWk]2πWtsinrπWk. Thus, the function is determined by its values at a set of points of density 2W, but the points consist of two similar groups with spacing 1/W, shifted with respect to each other.
Deep ultraviolet emitting polarization induced nanowire light emitting diodes with AlxGa1−xN active regions (2014)

In this report, we demonstrate band gap tuning of the active region emission wavelength from 365 nm to 250 nm in light emitting diodes fashioned from catalyst-free III-nitride nanowires. Optical characteristics of the nanowire heterostructures and fabricated devices are studied via electroluminescence (EL) and photoluminescence spectroscopy over a wide range of active region compositions. It is observed that for typical nanowire plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy growth conditions, tuning of emission to wavelengths shorter than 300 nm is hampered by the presence of an optically active defect level. We show that by increasing the AlGaN nanowire growth temperatures this defect emission can be suppressed. These findings are applied to growth of the active region of a nanowire light emitting diode, resulting in a polarization-induced nanowire light emitting diode with peak EL at 250 nm.
Critical Analysis of Dual-Chamber Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Arrhythmia Detection (2001)

A structured approach to analysis limits the bias inherent in the evaluation of tachycardia discrimination algorithms through the use of relative VT/VF sensitivity, VT/VF positive predictivity, and SVT positive predictivity along with corrections for multiple tachycardia episodes in a single patient.
Antiangiogenic effect by SU5416 is partly attributable to inhibition of Flt-1 receptor signaling. (2002)

Interaction between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its cognate receptors, KDR/Flk-1 and Flt-1, of vascular endothelial cells is expected to induce an angiogenesis "switch" in tumors and other angiogenesis-associated diseases. SU5416, a selective inhibitor of the KDR/Flk-1 tyrosine kinase, is known to be a potent inhibitor of tumor angiogenesis. In this study, we first observed that SU5416 inhibited Flt-1 tyrosine kinase activity at similar doses, in addition to inhibiting KDR/Flk-1 tyrosine kinase activity in response to VEGF. SU5416 inhibited cell migration of human vascular endothelial cells expressing both Flt-1 and KDR in response to VEGF and also inhibited the cell migration in response to placenta growth factor (PIGF), a specific ligand for Flt-1. Chemotaxis of monocytes expressing only Flt-1 was also inhibited by SU5416 in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, SU5416 was found to inhibit tyrosine kinase of Flt-1 in response to PIGF in vitro. And angiogenesis induced by PIGF in a Matrigel plug assay was inhibited by administration of SU5416. The antiangiogenic effects by this VEGF receptor-targeting compound appeared to be mediated through interference not only with KDR/Flk-1 but also with Flt-1. Cell migration of vascular endothelial cells and monocytic cells through Flt-1, thus, might play a key role in VEGF-induced tumor angiogenesis in concert with KDR/Flk-1.
DNA detection on transistor arrays following mutation-specific enzymatic amplification (2004)

An integrated array of silicon field-effect transistor structures is used for electronic detection of label-free DNA. Measurements of the dc current–voltage characteristics of the transistors gives us access to reproducible detection of single- and double-stranded DNA, locally adsorbed on the surface of the device. We combine this approach with allele-specific polymerase chain reaction, to test for the 35delG mutation, a frequent mutation related to prelingual nonsyndromic deafness.
Triple-helix formation and cooperative binding by oligodeoxynucleotides with a 3'-3' internucleotide junction (1992)

Triple-helix formation by oligodeoxynucleotides in a sequence-specific manner is limited to polypurine tracts of duplex DNA. To increase the number of biologically relevant targets for triple-helix formation, we have utilized oligodeoxynucleotides containing a 3'-3' internucleotide junction to allow for binding to opposite strands of duplex DNA. Molecular modeling was used to aid in the design of the xylose dinucleoside linker 1 that is rigid and minimizes the number of conformers to minimize the entropy of binding. Thermal denaturation studies show that a 3'-3'-linked oligodeoxynucleotide, bearing nine nucleotides on each side of the linker, has a higher Tm (47.6 degrees C) than that of a 21-mer binding to a single polypurine tract (45.3 degrees C). Binding domain minimization studies and sequence-specific alkylation of a target duplex demonstrate a high degree of cooperativity between the two triple-helix binding domains, thus allowing for an increase in the number of biologically relevant targets for triple-helix formation.
Bacterial expression of G-protein-coupled receptors: prediction of expression levels from sequence. (2000)

Eleven G-protein-coupled receptors were expressed in Escherichia coli as fusion proteins with N-terminal glutathione-S-transferase and a C-terminal (His)6 tag. Expression levels varied between 0.1% and 10% of the total cellular protein. Low expression levels, as quantified by analytical nickel chelating chromatography, coincided with a toxic effect of protein expression. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to establish a correlation between the occurrence of positively charged amino acid residues in the loop regions and the expression level. Indeed, 44% of the variation in expression levels could be attributed to the positive charge content. Consequently, this sequence feature is the major determinant of expression level. Our results were supported by two mutations where positive charges were introduced into loop regions of two low-expressing receptors: As predicted, these mutations led to a considerably higher expression. A similar mutation of an olfactory receptor described previously increased expression approximately 100-fold and further supports our model. The data are discussed in the context of the "positive inside rule".
Diagnostic Pacing Maneuvers for Supraventricular Tachycardia: Part 1 (2011)

This two-part manuscript reviews diagnostic pacing maneuvers for supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Part one will involve a detailed consideration of ventricular overdrive pacing (VOP), since this pacing maneuver provides the diagnosis in the majority of cases. This will include a review of the post-VOP response, fusion during entrainment, the importance of the VOP site, quantitative results of entrainment such as the postpacing interval, differential entrainment, and new criteria derived from features found at the beginning of the VOP train. There is a considerable literature on this topic, and this review is by no means meant to be all-encompassing. Rather, we hope to clearly explain and illustrate the physiology, strengths, and weaknesses of what we consider to be the most important and commonly employed diagnostic pacing maneuvers, that is, those that trainees in cardiac electrophysiology should be well familiar with at a minimum. \
A human beta-globin gene fused to the human beta-globin locus control region is expressed at high levels in erythroid cells of mice engrafted with retrovirus-transduced hematopoietic stem cells (1993)

Retroviral-mediated gene transfer of human beta-globin provides a model system for the development of somatic gene therapy for hemoglobinopathies. Previous work has shown that mice receiving a transplant of bone marrow cells infected with a retroviral vector containing the human beta-globin gene can express human beta-globin specifically in erythroid cells; however, the level of expression of the transduced globin gene was low (1% to 2% per gene copy as compared with that of the endogenous mouse beta-globin gene). We report here the construction of a recombinant retrovirus vector encoding a human beta- globin gene fused to the 4 major regulatory elements of the human beta- globin locus control region (LCR). The LCR cassette increases the level of expression of the globin gene in murine erythroleukemia cells by 10- fold. To study the level of expression in vivo, mouse bone marrow cells were infected with virus-producing cells and the transduced cells were injected into lethally irradiated recipients. In the majority of provirus-containing mice (up to 75%), expression of human beta-globin in peripheral blood was detected at least 3 to 6 months after transplantation. Twelve animals representative of the level of expression of the transduced gene in blood (0.04% to 3.2% of the endogenous mouse beta-globin RNA) were selected for further analysis. A range of 0.4% to 12% of circulating erythrocytes stained positive for human beta-globin protein. Based on these values, the level of expression of the transduced gene per cell was estimated to be 10% to 39% of the endogenous mouse beta-globin gene. These data demonstrate that fusion of the LCR to the beta-globin gene in a retroviral vector increases the level of beta-globin expression in murine erythroleukemia cells and suggest that high-level expression can be obtained in erythroid cells in vivo after transduction into hematopoietic stem cells.
Biochemistry of the glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol membrane protein anchors (1987)

Although the biochemical nature (i.e. enzymes, antigens, etc.) of these proteins allows them to be identified and characterized, the biological functions of many of them are unknown. NH2
The role of the FPR2/ALX receptor in atherosclerosis development and plaque stability (2014)

FPR2/ALX is proatherogenic due to effects on bone marrow-derived cells, but promoted a more stable plaque phenotype through effects on SMCs. Taken together, these results suggest a dual role of FPR2/ALX signalling in atherosclerosis by way of promoting disease progression and but increasing plaque stability.
An Error Space Controller for a Resonating Fiber Scanner: Simulation and Implementation (2006)

A robust error-space controller for an amplitude modulated resonating fiber scanner is developed and implemented. Using a nonlinear dynamics model, the system’s open loop temporal response for a spiral scan pattern is simulated and compared to experiments to understand scan distortions, such as, toroid, swirl, and beating. A feedback linearized linear quadratic regulator based on error dynamics drives the tracking error to zero. Controller simulations determine robustness limits, and effects of fiber nonlinearities and actuator time delay. Using real-time hardware, the controller asymptotically tracks and is capable of removing the scan distortions. Image acquisition with the controlled scanner produces nearly pixel accurate images.
Breakdown of Pulmonary Host Defense in the Immunocompromised Host: Cancer Chemotherapy (2005)

The number of immunocompromised patients is steadily increasing due to HIV infection, solid organ and stem cell transplantation, intensified chemotherapy, immunosuppression for autoimmune diseases, and a marked increase in the use of monoclonal antibodies. Prevention strategies for pulmonary infections and diagnostic methods have evolved and patient outcome has improved. However, therapies affecting the immune system are also given to older patients and patients with comorbidities. While the rate of pulmonary complications in HIV patients has dramatically decreased under antiretroviral therapy, we are seeing more patients with pulmonary problems after chemotherapy. Neutropenia is still the most important risk factor for bacterial and fungal infection. Flexible bronchoscopy with BAL remains an important diagnostic method with a low morbidity and high diagnostic yield in patients with pulmonary infiltrates following cancer chemotherapy.
Evidence for a functional link between stress response and vascular control in hepatic portal circulation (1996)

Heme oxygenase (HO)-derived carbon monoxide (CO) may contribute to vascular control through elevation of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate. In the present study, we investigated the functional significance of expression of the isoenzyme HO-1 (heat-shock protein 32) in liver after hemorrhage/resuscitation (H/R) in rats anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. An increase of mRNA levels for HO-1 was observed at 3 h after resuscitation, followed by induction of the protein at 6 h in pericentral hepatocytes and sinusoidal lining cells. Concomitantly, lower portal resistance was observed in H/R (0.33 +/- 0.060 mmHg.ml-1.min) compared with control rats (0.47 +/- 0.035 mmHg.ml-1.min). Blockade of the HO-CO pathway by tin protoporphyrin-IX (SnPP-IX) led to a transient increase in portal pressure with no effect on portal low in controls, whereas an increase in pressure and a decrease in flow contributed to the sustained increase in portal resistance after H/R. These results indicate that HO contributes to maintenance of hepatic perfusion in vivo under stressful conditions, suggesting a functional link between stress response and vascular control in portal circulation.
Inhibition of vasculogenesis, but not angiogenesis, prevents the recurrence of glioblastoma after irradiation in mice (2010)

Despite the high doses of radiation delivered in the treatment of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the tumors invariably recur within the irradiation field, resulting in a low cure rate. Understanding the mechanism of such recurrence is therefore important. Here we have shown in an intracranial GBM xenograft model that irradiation induces recruitment of bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) into the tumors, restoring the radiation-damaged vasculature by vasculogenesis and thereby allowing the growth of surviving tumor cells. BMDC influx was initiated by induction of HIF-1 in the irradiated tumors, and blocking this influx prevented tumor recurrence. Previous studies have indicated that BMDCs are recruited to tumors in part through the interaction between the HIF-1-dependent stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and its receptor, CXCR4. Pharmacologic inhibition of HIF-1 or of the SDF-1/CXCR4 interaction prevented the influx of BMDCs, primarily CD11b+ myelomonocytes, and the postirradiation development of functional tumor vasculature, resulting in abrogation of tumor regrowth. Similar results were found using neutralizing antibodies against CXCR4. Our data therefore suggest a novel approach for the treatment of GBM: in addition to radiotherapy, the vasculogenesis pathway needs to be blocked, and this can be accomplished using the clinically approved drug AMD3100, a small molecule inhibitor of SDF-1/CXCR4 interactions.
Gene expression profiling of cholangiocarcinoma-derived fibroblast reveals alterations related to tumor progression and indicates periostin as a poor prognostic marker (2010)

The gene expression profile of fibroblasts in CCA is apparently explored for the first time and has determined the genes involving in induction of this cancer progression. High PN can be used to distinguish CCA from other related liver diseases and is proposed as a prognostic factor of poor survival. Regulation of fibroblast-derived PN in CCA proliferation and invasion may be considered as an alternative therapeutic approach.
Anti-Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Neutralizing Antibody Decreases Lung Inflammation, Airway Obstruction, and Airway Hyperresponsiveness in a Murine RSV Model (2004)

Numerous studies have described a strong association between respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in infancy and the development of recurrent wheezing and airway hyperresponsiveness. We evaluated the effect of an anti-RSV neutralizing monoclonal antibody (palivizumab) on different aspects of RSV disease by using a murine model. BALB/c mice were intranasally inoculated with RSV A2. Palivizumab or an isotype-matched control antibody was administered once at 24 h before inoculation, 1 h after inoculation, or 48 h after inoculation. Regardless of the timing of administration, all mice treated with the neutralizing antibody showed significantly decreased RSV loads in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung specimens compared with those of infected controls. Pulmonary histopathologic scores, airway obstruction measured by plethysmography, and airway hyperresponsiveness after methacholine challenge were significantly reduced in mice treated with the anti-RSV antibody 24 h before inoculation compared with those for untreated controls. Concentrations of interferon-gamma, interleukin-10, macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha, regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and eotaxin in BAL fluids were also significantly reduced in mice treated with palivizumab 24 h before inoculation. This study demonstrates that reduced RSV replication was associated with significant modulation of inflammatory and clinical markers of acute disease severity and significant improvement of the long-term pulmonary abnormalities. Studies to determine whether strategies aimed at preventing or reducing RSV replication could decrease the long-term morbidity associated with RSV infection in children should be considered.