gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aquaporin-4 Autoantibodies in a Paraneoplastic Context (2008)

Aquaporin-4-specific IgG in some cases of NMO may reflect a paraneoplastic immune response. The clinical utility of this autoantibody as a cancer marker warrants prospective investigation.
Mutations in SCN9A, encoding a sodium channel alpha subunit, in patients with primary erythermalgia (2004)

Primary erythermalgia is a rare autosomal dominant disease characterised by intermittent burning pain with redness and heat in the extremities. A previous study established the linkage of primary erythermalgia to a 7.94 cM interval on chromosome 2q, but the causative gene was not identified. We performed linkage analysis in a Chinese family with primary erythermalgia, and screened the mutations in the two candidate genes, SCN9A and GCA, in the family and a sporadic patient. Linkage analysis yielded a maximum lod score of 2.11 for both markers D2S2370 and D2S2330. Based on critical recombination events in two patients in the family, we further limited the genetic region to 5.98 cM between D2S2370 and D2S2345. We then identified two missense mutations in SCN9A in the family (T2573A) and the sporadic patient (T2543C). Our data suggest that mutations in SCN9A cause primary erythermalgia. SCN9A, encoding a voltage-gated sodium channel alpha subunit predominantly expressed in sensory and sympathetic neurones, may play an important role in nociception and vasomotor regulation.
The Economic Consequences of Acute Kidney Injury (2017)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an increasingly common condition associated with poor health outcomes. Combined with its rising incidence, AKI has emerged as a major public health concern with high human and financial costs. In England, the estimated inpatient costs related to AKI consume 1% of the National Health Service budget. In the United States, AKI is associated with an increase in hospitalization costs that range from $5.4 to $24.0 billion. The most expensive patients are those with AKI of sufficient severity to require dialysis, where cost increases relative to patients without AKI range from $11,016 to $42,077 per hospitalization. Even with these high costs, significant hospital-level variation still exists in the cost of AKI care. In this article, we review the economic consequences of AKI for both the general and critically ill AKI population. Our primary objective is to shed light on an opportunity for hospitals and policymakers to develop new care processes for patients with AKI that have the potential to yield substantial cost savings. By exposing the high rates of death and disability experienced by affected patients and the immense financial burden attributable to AKI, we also hope to motivate scientists and entrepreneurs to pursue a variety of innovative therapeutic strategies to combat AKI in the near term.
Lineage Infidelity of MDA-MB-435 Cells (2004)

The origin of cell lines is critical in defining cell type-specific biological functions. Several reports suggested that the MDA-MB-435 cell line, a cell line extensively used for studying breast cancer biology, has a gene expression pattern most compatible with melanocyte origin. However, we demonstrate that MDA-MB-435 cells express breast-specific or epithelial-specific markers. Also, MDA-MB-435 cells were induced to express breast differentiation-specific proteins and secrete milk lipids as observed in other well-established breast cancer cell lines. Notably, MDA-MB-435 cells also expressed melanocyte-specific proteins as did another highly aggressive breast cancer cell line. MDA-MB-435 xenograft tissue sections stained entirely positive for epithelium-specific markers but only partially positive for melanocyte-specific markers. Thus, MDA-MB-435 is most likely a breast epithelial cell line that has undergone lineage infidelity.
MEROPS: the database of proteolytic enzymes, their substrates and inhibitors (2013)

Peptidases, their substrates and inhibitors are of great relevance to biology, medicine and biotechnology. The MEROPS database (http://merops. sanger.ac.uk) aims to fulfill the need for an integrated source of information about these. The database has hierarchical classifications in which homologous sets of peptidases and protein inhibitors are grouped into protein species, which are grouped into families, which are in turn grouped into clans. Recent developments include the following. A community annotation project has been instigated in which acknowledged experts are invited to contribute summaries for peptidases. Software has been written to provide an Internetbased data entry form. Contributors are acknowledged on the relevant web page. A new display showing the intron/exon structures of eukaryote peptidase genes and the phasing of the junctions has been implemented. It is now possible to filter the list of peptidases from a completely sequenced bacterial genome for a particular strain of the organism. The MEROPS filing pipeline has been altered to circumvent the restrictions imposed on non-interactive blastp searches, and a HMMER search using specially generated alignments to maximize the distribution of organisms returned in the search results has been added.
Targeting growth factor receptors: integration of novel therapeutics in the management of head and neck cancer (2001)

Tyrosine kinase (type 1) growth factor receptors include the erbB family. These cell surface receptors were discovered in the context of cellular transformation and have subsequently been found to be overexpressed in many types of human cancer. Cumulative evidence suggests that upregulation of the most well-characterized receptor, erbB1, also known as the epidermal growth factor receptor, plays a significant role in the development and progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. A variety of strategies have been developed that specifically target epidermal growth factor receptor, including monoclonal antibodies, ligand-linked immunotoxins, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and antisense approaches. Epidermal growth factor receptor blockade in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and preclinical animal models inhibits cell proliferation and tumor growth. Clinical trials are under way to test the safety and efficacy of many of these targeting strategies in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients. Encouraging preliminary results combining an epidermal growth factor receptor targeting approaches with chemotherapy or radiotherapy suggest that interference with this growth factor receptor may enhance antitumor efficacy of standard therapies. As erbB family member interactions and downstream signaling pathways are elucidated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, specific targeting strategies may become incorporated into standard treatment approaches.
Nanoscale molecular-switch crossbar circuits (2003)

Molecular electronics offer an alternative pathway to construct nanoscale circuits in which the critical dimension is naturally associated with molecular sizes. We describe the fabrication and testing of nanoscale molecular-electronic circuits that comprise a molecular monolayer of [2]rotaxanes sandwiched between metal nanowires to form an 8 × 8 crossbar within a 1 µm2 area. The resistance at each cross point of the crossbar can be switched reversibly. By using each cross point as an active memory cell, crossbar circuits were operated as rewritable, nonvolatile memory with a density of 6.4 Gbits cm−2. By setting the resistances at specific cross points, two 4 × 4 subarrays of the crossbar were configured to be a nanoscale demultiplexer and multiplexer that were used to read memory bits in a third subarray.
Water-Stable Three-Dimensional Ultrafine Fibrous Scaffolds from Keratin for Cartilage Tissue Engineering (2014)

Intrinsically water-stable scaffolds composed of ultrafine keratin fibers oriented randomly and evenly in three dimensions were electrospun for cartilage tissue engineering. Keratin has been recognized as a biomaterial that could substantially support the growth and development of multiple cell lines. Besides, three-dimensional (3D) ultrafine fibrous structures were preferred in tissue engineering due to their structural similarity to native extracellular matrices in soft tissues. Recently, we have developed a nontraditional approach to developing 3D fibrous scaffolds from alcohol-soluble corn protein, zein, and verified their structural advantages in tissue engineering. However, keratin with highly cross-linked molecular structures could not be readily dissolved in common solvents for fiber spinning, which required the remarkable drawability of solution. So far, 3D fibrous scaffolds from pure keratin for biomedical applications have not been reported. In this research, the highly cross-linked keratin from chicken feathers was de-cross-linked and disentangled into linear and aligned molecules with preserved molecular weights, forming highly stretchable spinning dope. The solution was readily electrospun into scaffolds with ultrafine keratin fibers oriented randomly in three dimensions. Due to the highly cross-linked molecular structures, keratin scaffolds showed intrinsic water stability. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells could penetrate much deeper, proliferate, and chondrogenically differentiate remarkably better on the 3D keratin scaffolds than on 2D PLA fibrous scaffolds, 3D soy protein fibrous scaffolds, or 3D commercial nonfibrous scaffolds. In summary, the electrospun 3D ultrafine fibrous scaffolds from keratin could be promising candidates for cartilage tissue engineering.
Fuzzy Mutual Information Based min-Redundancy and Max-Relevance Heterogeneous Feature Selection (2011)

Feature selection is an important preprocessing step in pattern classification and machine learning, and mutual information is widely used to measure relevance between features and decision. However, it is difficult to directly calculate relevance between continuous or fuzzy features using mutual information. In this paper we introduce the fuzzy information entropy and fuzzy mutual information for computing relevance between numerical or fuzzy features and decision. The relationship between fuzzy information entropy and differential entropy is also discussed. Moreover, we combine fuzzy mutual information with ”min-Redundancy-Max-Relevance”, ”Max-Dependency” and ”min-Redundancy-Max-Dependency” algorithms. The performance and stability of the proposed algorithms are tested on benchmark data sets. Experimental results show the proposed algorithms are effective and stable.
Alteration of a Yeast SH3 Protein Leads to Conditional Viability with Defects in Cytoskeletal and Budding Patterns (1993)

Mutations in genes necessary for survival in stationary phase were isolated to understand the ability of wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae to remain viable during prolonged periods of nutritional deprivation. Here we report results concerning one of these mutants, rvs167, which shows reduced viability and abnormal cell morphology upon carbon and nitrogen starvation. The mutant exhibits the same response when cells are grown in high salt concentrations and other unfavorable growth conditions. The RVS167 gene product displays significant homology with the Rvs161 protein and contains a SH3 domain at the C-terminal end. Abnormal actin distribution is associated with the mutant phenotype. In addition, while the budding pattern of haploid strains remains axial in standard growth conditions, the budding pattern of diploid mutant strains is random. The gene RVS167 therefore could be implicated in cytoskeletal reorganization in response to environmental stresses and could act in the budding site selection mechanism.
The ACTIVE IP option (1996)

In this paper, we discuss our work on an active network architecture in which passive packets are replaced with active capsules --- encapsulated program fragments that are executed at each switch they traverse. This approach allows application-specific processing to be injected into the network. The accessibility of computation and storage "within" the network provides a substrate that can be tailored to build global applications, including those that invoke customized multicast and merge processing.We describe an extension to the IP options mechanism that supports the embedding of program fragments in datagrams and the evaluation of these fragments as they traverse the Internet. The ACTIVE option provides a generic approach to the extension of the IP network service.
Wireless communications going into the 21st century (1994)

The evolution of telecommunications, from the wired phone to personal communications services, is resulting in the availability of wireless products not previously considered practical. The user of a cellular or personal communication system wants to use one phone for all of his intended needs. Thus, a single portable phone should be able to operate in a residence, as a cordless phone; in a vehicle using a cellular system, in an office using a WPBX; and outside with wireless local access. Broad-band code-division multiple access (B-CDMA) is a technique which allows PCS operation in the cellular frequency band in conjunction with existing cellular service, as well as in the PCS band (1850-1990 MHz in the U.S.). Using B-CDMA, high-quality voice with no dropped calls as well as data-rate-on-demand can be achieved, which will permit ISDN and multimedia communications at power levels which are much less than that required for other technologies. This paper describes the present cellular and PCS environments, as well as the evolution of these environments into the 21st century, and explains how broad-band CDMA can provide the one-phone service required by business people as well as people at home.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
MacRocyclic Chemistry: Aspects of Organic and Inorganic Supramolecular Chemistry (1992)

Part 1 Synthesis of macrocyclic compounds: principles cyclization cyclization methods. Part 2 Complex macrocycles - cryptates: synthetic macrocyclic complexes natural macrocyclic ionophores macrobicyclic ligands cryptants.
Platelet Concentrates Stored in Plasma for 72 Hours at 22 °CPrepared from Buffycoats of Citrate-Phosphate-DextroseBlood Collected in a Quadruple-BagSaline-Adenine-Glucose-Mannitol System (1985)

A method is described to prepare platelet concentrates from the buffycoat of citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) blood in a closed four-bag system and to store the platelets in autologous plasma under sterile conditions. After separation of the blood into plasma, buffycoat and leukocyte- and thrombocyte-poor red cell concentrate, saline-adenine- glucose-mannitol (SAGM) was added to the red cells. Next the platelets were concentrated in plasma by a second centrifugation and were transferred to the 600-ml bag that previously contained the SAGM. The platelets were stored for 72 h at 22 °C on a platform rotator at 1 cycle per second. The mean volume of the platelet concentrates (n = 12) was 61 ml, with an average platelet content of 72 x 10^9. The mean leukocyte contamination was only 17 x 10^6 ; erythrocytes were not detected. The aggregation of the platelets with 1 µM of ADP was normal. After 72 h of storage, the mean pH was 7.1 ± 0.1. The P0(2) always remained above 17 mm Hg. No loss of thrombocytes had occurred during storage. The platelets had retained their discoid shape. The aggregation response to ADP had disappeared, however. The in vivo viability of the platelets was determined in 8 healthy volunteers. Autologous platelets, stored for 72 h at 22°C, were labeled with 51 Cr and reinfused [43 (±9)% recovery at 15 min after reinfusion]. The mean survival time in vivo of the platelets was 6.8 (±0.7) days. These experiments indicate that with the four-bag SAGM system leukocyte-poor platelet concentrates can be prepared which remain in optimal condition for at least 72 h. Moreover, a high amount of plasma is yielded and, with SAGM as additive, leukocyte- and plateletpoor red cell concentrates can be stored for 5 weeks.
A real-time MPEG encoder using a programmable processor (1994)

This paper describes the design of a fully programmable multimedia system. The system, which utilizes a single multimedia video processor (MVP), is capable of performing real-time MPEG video and audio encoding at SIF resolution, 30 frames per-second. Support is provided for a windows environment, including a scalable video window for viewing decoded video sequences or monitoring video compression in real time. The system is also well suited to perform image processing, 2-D and 3-D graphics, and many other video and audio processing and compression algorithms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Application of a nested, multiplex PCR to psittacosis outbreaks (1997)

We developed a nested, multiplex PCR for simultaneous detection of three species of chlamydiae in human and avian specimens. The PCR was designed to increase sensitivity and to circumvent inhibitors of PCR present in clinical specimens. The target sequence was the 16S rRNA gene. The first-step PCR was genus specific, and the second-step PCR was multiplexed (i.e., had multiple primer sets in the same tube) and could discriminate among Chlamydia pneumoniae, Chlamydia psittaci, and Chlamydia trachomatis on the basis of the molecular weight of the amplicon. The limit of detection of each of the two PCR steps was 5 inclusion-forming units. We used PCR and serologic evidence during outbreaks of psittacosis to infer that C. psittaci had been transmitted from birds purchased in pet stores to humans. We also used this method to test both live and dead birds from pet stores for infection with C. psittaci. Compared with culture, the application of PCR to avian specimens increased the rate of C. psittaci detection.
Understanding TiO2Photocatalysis: Mechanisms and Materials (2014)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTUnderstanding TiO2 Photocatalysis: Mechanisms and MaterialsJenny Schneider*†, Masaya Matsuoka‡, Masato Takeuchi‡, Jinlong Zhang§, Yu Horiuchi‡, Masakazu Anpo‡, and Detlef W. Bahnemann*†View Author Information† Institut für Technische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstrasse 3, D-30167 Hannover, Germany‡ Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai Osaka 599-8531, Japan§ Key Lab for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China*E-mail: [email protected]*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 19, 9919–9986Publication Date (Web):September 19, 2014Publication History Received3 April 2014Published online19 September 2014Published inissue 8 October 2014https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr5001892https://doi.org/10.1021/cr5001892review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2014 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views102458Altmetric-Citations4644LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Electromagnetic radiation,Irradiation,Oxides,Photocatalysis,Photocatalysts Get e-Alerts
Orientational Switching of Mesogens and Microdomains in Hydrogen‐Bonded Side‐Chain Liquid‐Crystalline Block Copolymers Using AC Electric Fields (2004)

Abstract In this report, we show that the microstructures of hydrogen‐bonded side‐chain liquid‐crystalline block copolymers can be rapidly aligned in an alternating current (AC) electric field at temperatures below the order–disorder transition but above the glass transition. The structures and their orientation were measured in real time with synchrotron X‐ray scattering. Incorporation of mesogenic groups with marked dipolar properties is a key element in this process. A mechanism related to the dissociation of hydrogen bonds is proposed to account for the fast orientation switching of the hydrogen‐bonded blends.
Pulsed photothermal radiometry in turbid media: internal reflection of backscattered radiation strongly influences optical dosimetry (1989)

The integrated irradiance (energy fluence rate) within tissue can exceed the incident irradiance due to backscattered and multiply reflected light near the sample surface. This was studied quantitatively using pulsed photothermal radiometry, which measures blackbody radiation emitted by a sample during and after absorption of an optical pulse. Aqueous gels containing absorbing dye with or without various scattering materials were studied using a fast sensitive IR detector system and 1-μs tunable pulsed dye laser. For nonscattering samples, the temperature transient (T-jump) due to absorption of a laser pulse was consistent with Beer’s law for homogeneous absorbing media. When scattering was present, increases of up to almost an order of magnitude in the T-jump were observed. For a given absorption coefficient, there was a proportional relationship between the increase in the T-jump and the sample’s diffuse reflectance. A model describing the reflectance of diffuse radiation at the sample boundary was derived to explain this result. To test the model, the refractive index was varied with air as the external medium and was also matched to that of BaF2 as the externalmedium. The subsurface fluence is, to a reasonable approximation, given by E ≅ E0(1 + 2bR), where E0 is the incident fluence of an infinitely wide collimated beam, b is a coefficient strongly dependent on only the refractive index, and R is the measured diffuse reflectance of the sample. This study shows that irradiance within tissues can greatly exceed the irradiance of incident collimated light, an effect that should be accounted for in photomedical dosimetry or research.