gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of growth hormone on the low level of growth hormone binding protein in idiopathic short stature (1992)

The low growth hormone-binding protein and the response to high doses of GH suggest partial GH resistance at the receptor level, in this group of children with idiopathic short stature.
A Modular Design Flow for Very Large Design Space Explorations (2010)

The design of application specific and resource efficient digital circuits, like complex multiprocessor system on chips, often requires to choose among multiple possible configurations affecting both performance and resource consumption. A design space exploration (DSE) of the different architecture configurations and multiple target libraries usually implies hundreds of syntheses. In sub-90nm-technologies place and route (P&amp;R) has to be performed to derive realistic results. This complexity makes the design space exploration interminable. To compare different implementations within a company sets of generally accepted constraints are required.\nThe product family of Cadence® Design Systems Inc. offers a large variety of tools for the design of microelectronic circuits to perform, for example, RTL synthesis, power estimation, place and route or verification. To speed up the iteration steps of the DSE, we have developed a semi-automatic tool flow, using the EDA environment of Cadence. This tool flow is used to perform the exploration of very large design spaces with, for example hundreds of RTL synthesis, only limited by the computational power available at our group. To minimize the iteration time and to maximize the efficiency of our EDA hardware, we developed a load balancing system to distribute jobs to different computers.
Theoretical Considerations of Tissue Electroporation With High-Frequency Bipolar Pulses (2010)

This study introduces the use of high-frequency pulsed electric fields for tissue electroporation. Through the development of finite element models and the use of analytical techniques, electroporation with rectangular, bipolar pulses is investigated. The electric field and temperature distribution along with the associated transmembrane potential development are considered in a heterogeneous skin fold geometry. Results indicate that switching polarity on the nanosecond scale near the charging time of plasma membranes can greatly improve treatment outcomes in heterogeneous tissues. Specifically, high-frequency fields ranging from 500 kHz to 1 MHz are best suited to penetrate epithelial layers without inducing significant Joule heating, and cause electroporation in underlying cells.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMOTHERAPEUTICALLY EFFECTIVE NITRO COMPOUNDS. PART 3‐ NITROPYRIDINE, NITROIMIDAZOPYRIDINE AND RELATED COMPOUNDS (1977)

Abstract (IX) (insgesamt 106 Verbindungen) werden hergestellt und auf ihre Wirksamkeit gegen Trichonomaden, Amöben, in manchen Fällen auch Eimeria tenella, Bakterien, Pilze und Helminthen untersucht.
Acoustic cloaking transformations from attainable material properties (2010)

We propose a general methodology and a set of practical recipes for the construction of ultra-broadband acoustic cloaks—structures that can render themselves and a concealed object undetectable by means of acoustic scattering. The acoustic cloaks presented here are designed and function analogously to electromagnetic cloaks. However, acoustic cloaks in a fluid medium do not suffer the bandwidth limitations imposed on their electromagnetic counterparts by the finite speed of light in vacuum. In the absence of specific metamaterials having arbitrary combinations of quasi-static speed of sound and mass density, we explore the flexibility of continuum transformations that produce approximate cloaking solutions. We show that an imperfect, eikonal acoustic cloak (that is, one which is not impedance matched but is valid in the geometrical optics regime) with negligible dispersion can be designed using a simple layered geometry. Since a practical cloaking device will probably be composed of combinations of solid materials rather than fluids, it is necessary to consider the full elastic properties of such media, which support shear waves in addition to the compression waves associated with the acoustic regime. We perform a systematic theoretical and numerical investigation of the role of shear waves in elastic cloaking devices. We find that for elastic metamaterials with Poisson's ratio > 0.49, shear waves do not alter the cloaking effect. Such metamaterials can be built from nearly incompressible rubbers (with 0.499) and fluids. We expect this finding to have applications in other acoustic devices based on the form-invariance of the scalar acoustic wave equation.
Bile Acid Metabolism and Signaling (2013)

Bile acids are important physiological agents for intestinal nutrient absorption and biliary secretion of lipids, toxic metabolites, and xenobiotics. Bile acids also are signaling molecules and metabolic regulators that activate nuclear receptors and G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling to regulate hepatic lipid, glucose, and energy homeostasis and maintain metabolic homeostasis. Conversion of cholesterol to bile acids is critical for maintaining cholesterol homeostasis and preventing accumulation of cholesterol, triglycerides, and toxic metabolites, and injury in the liver and other organs. Enterohepatic circulation of bile acids from the liver to intestine and back to the liver plays a central role in nutrient absorption and distribution, and metabolic regulation and homeostasis. This physiological process is regulated by a complex membrane transport system in the liver and intestine regulated by nuclear receptors. Toxic bile acids may cause inflammation, apoptosis, and cell death. On the other hand, bile acid-activated nuclear and GPCR signaling protects against inflammation in liver, intestine, and macrophages. Disorders in bile acid metabolism cause cholestatic liver diseases, dyslipidemia, fatty liver diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Bile acids, bile acid derivatives, and bile acid sequestrants are therapeutic agents for treating chronic liver diseases, obesity, and diabetes in humans.
Gadolinium(III) texaphyrin: a tumor selective radiation sensitizer that is detectable by MRI. (1996)

Gadolinium(III) texaphyrin (Gd-tex2+) is representative of a new class of radiation sensitizers detectable by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This porphyrin-like complex has a high electron affinity [E1/2 (red.) approximately = -0.08 V versus normal hydrogen electrode] and forms a long-lived pi-radical cation upon exposure to hydrated electrons, reducing ketyl radicals, or superoxide ions. Consistent with these chemical findings, Gd-tex2+ was found to be an efficient radiation sensitizer in studies carried out with HT29 cells in in vitro as well as in in vivo single and multifraction irradiation studies with a murine mammary carcinoma model. Selective localization of Gd-tex2+ in tumors was confirmed by MRI scanning.
A study of surface and interlayer structures of epitaxially grown group-III nitride compound films on Si(111) substrates by second-harmonic generation (2003)

The symmetry behaviour of AlN/Si(111) and GaN/AlN/Si(111) structures grown by molecular beam epitaxy has been analysed by measuring the rotational dependence of the polarized second-harmonic generation (SHG) intensity for different polarized fundamental beams. The crystalline structure has also been checked by reflection high-energy electron diffraction, x-ray diffraction and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Considering various contributions of the nonlinear response from the bulk and interfaces, the interface strain implies an inhomogeneous intensity variation of SHG as a function of the surface azimuthal rotation angle ψ. This result provides a valuable illustration of the epitaxy quality and growth parameter characterization by a nondestructive method.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Dielectric Properties of Ceramics in the SrBi2(Ta1‐xNbx)2O9 Solid Solution System. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Head‐to‐tail fusions of camelid antibodies can be expressed in planta and bind in rumen fluid (2008)

We have compared the accumulation of recombinant variable heavy-chain portions [VHH (variable heavy-chain antibody from camelids)] of camelid antibodies in a variety of subcellular compartments produced in planta. The VHH coding sequences were optimized for expression in thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) and placed individually or as fused tandem heterodimers in synthetic plant-organelle-targeting cassettes designed to target the protein to either the cytoplasm, ER (endoplasmic reticulum), protein storage vacuole or chloroplast. Accumulation of individual VHHs was only detected in plants transformed with the ER-targeting cassette, whereas accumulation of the tandem VHHs was detected for all cassettes and was the highest with the ER cassette [0.1-0.7% (w/w) of total soluble proteins]. The ability of the plant-produced tandem VHH to reduce TNFalpha (tumour necrosis factor alpha) cytotoxicity was found to be comparable with previously characterized recombinant VHHs. In vitro antigen binding and functional stability in rumen fluid were determined on both prokaryotically expressed and plant-expressed tandem VHHs. The plant-produced VHH did not appear to be any more stable in rumen fluid than other soluble plant proteins; however, it was able to bind equally well to the antigen in the presence or absence of rumen fluid.
A new imaging method: optofluidic microscopy (2005)

In this work, we present a novel optical imaging device that can be directly integrated into a microfluidic network, and can therefore enable on-chip imaging in a microfluidic system. This micro imaging device, termed optofluidic microscope (OFM) is free of bulk optics and is based on a nanohole array defined in a non-transmissive metallic layer that is patterned onto the floor of the microfluidic channel. The operation of the optofluidic microscope is explained in details and its performance is examined with Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) of various genotypes. Images from a large population of worms have been efficiently acquired within a short time frame. The quality of the OFM images of C elegans and the morphological characteristics revealed by the images are evaluated. The experimental results support our claim that the methodology described therein promises to create a powerful tool for fulfilling high- resolution, high-throughput imaging task of the microscopic biological samples.
Biomimetic Synthesis of Macrolide/Ketolide Metabolites through a Selective N-Demethylation Reaction (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTBiomimetic Synthesis of Macrolide/Ketolide Metabolites through a Selective N-Demethylation ReactionHeather G. Stenmark, Antony Brazzale, and Zhenkun MaView Author Information Infectious Disease Research, Abbott Laboratories, 200 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-3537 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 12, 3875–3876Publication Date (Web):May 23, 2000Publication History Received13 January 2000Published online23 May 2000Published inissue 1 June 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo000055jhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo000055jbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1142Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Antimicrobial agents,Lactones,Macrocyclic compounds,Metabolism,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Robust association of the APOEɛ4 allele with premature myocardial infarction especially in patients without hypercholesterolaemia: the Aachen study (2007)

The APOEepsilon4 allele shows a robust association with premature MI independent of hypercholesterolaemia.
Bandpass sigma-delta modulation (1989)

A bandpass version of sigma-delta modulation is presented, with simulation results for second- and fourth-order convertors. For the fourth-order convertor operating at 8 MHz, simulations demonstrate a resolution of 16 bits over an 8 kHz band centred at 1 MHz. Applications may include analogue/digital conversion for AM radio, and digital/analogue conversion for narrowband RF systems.
Information capacity of specific interactions (2016)

Specific interactions are a hallmark feature of self-assembly and signal-processing systems in both synthetic and biological settings. Specificity between components may arise from a wide variety of physical and chemical mechanisms in diverse contexts, from DNA hybridization to shape-sensitive depletion interactions. Despite this diversity, all systems that rely on interaction specificity operate under the constraint that increasing the number of distinct components inevitably increases off-target binding. Here we introduce "capacity," the maximal information encodable using specific interactions, to compare specificity across diverse experimental systems and to compute how specificity changes with physical parameters. Using this framework, we find that "shape" coding of interactions has higher capacity than chemical ("color") coding because the strength of off-target binding is strongly sublinear in binding-site size for shapes while being linear for colors. We also find that different specificity mechanisms, such as shape and color, can be combined in a synergistic manner, giving a capacity greater than the sum of the parts.
The role of Fas in the progression of ischemic heart failure: prohypertrophy or proapoptosis (2008)

During myocardial ischemia, cardiomyocytes can undergo apoptosis or compensatory hypertrophy. Fas expression is upregulated in the myocardial ischemia and is coupled to both apoptosis and hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes. The role of Fas in apoptosis induction or cardiomyocyte hypertrophy during ischemic conditions is, however, still unclear. Some reports suggested that Fas might induce myocardial hypertrophy. Apoptosis of ischemic cardiomyocytes and Fas expression in the nonischemic cardiomyocytes occurs during the early stage of ischemic heart failure. Hypertrophic cardiomyocytes easily undergo apoptosis in response to ischemia, after which apoptotic cardiomyocytes are replaced by fibrous tissue. In the late stage of ischemic heart failure, hypertrophy, apoptosis, and fibrosis are thought to accelerate each other and might thus form a vicious circle that eventually results in heart failure. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of the role of Fas in remodeling ischemic myocardial tissues.
Cost-Effectiveness of Preference-Based Antithrombotic Therapy for Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation (1998)

As do risks of stroke and of hemorrhage, patients' preferences help to determine which antithrombotic therapy is optimal. Preference-based treatment should improve quality-adjusted survival and reduce medical expenditure in patients who have nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and not more than one additional risk factor for stroke.
Progress report on new antiepileptic drugs: A summary of the Eleventh Eilat Conference (EILAT XI) (2012)

The Eleventh Eilat Conference on New Antiepileptic Drugs (AEDs)-EILAT XI, took place in Eilat, Israel from the 6th to 10th of May 2012. About 100 basic scientists, clinical pharmacologists and neurologists from 20 countries attended the conference, whose main themes included "Indications overlapping with epilepsy" and "Securing the successful development of an investigational antiepileptic drug in the current environment". Consistent with previous formats of this conference, a large part of the program was devoted to a review of AEDs in development, as well as updates on AEDs introduced since 1994. Like the EILAT X report, the current manuscript focuses only on the preclinical and clinical pharmacology of AEDs that are currently in development. These include brivaracetam, 2-deoxy-glucose, ganaxolone, ICA-105665, imepitoin, NAX 801-2, perampanel and other AMPA receptor antagonists, tonabersat, valnoctamide and its homologue sec-propylbutylacetamide (SPD), VX-765 and YK3089. Since the previous Eilat conference, retigabine (ezogabine) has been marketed and four newer AEDs in development (NAX 810-2, SPD, tonabersat and VX-765) are included in this manuscript.
Fungistatic Activity of Modified Chitosans against Saprolegnia parasitica (2000)

Five chemically modified chitosans were tested for their antifungal activities against Saprolegnia parasitica by the radial growth assay in chitosan-bearing agar, and the fungal growth assay in chitosan-bearing broth. Results indicated that methylpyrrolidinone chitosan, N-carboxymethyl chitosan and N-phosphonomethyl chitosan exerted effective fungistatic action against S. parasitica: in fact the radial growth was nil for 50 h at 20 degrees C, and the fungus was precipitated when the Bacto YM broth contained one of these chitosans. Electron microscopy observations (TEM and SEM) provided evidence of ultrastructural alterations, damaged fungal structures, uptake of modified chitosans, and hyphal distortion and retraction.
Spectroscopic Determination of Tryptophan and Tyrosine in Proteins* (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectroscopic Determination of Tryptophan and Tyrosine in Proteins*Harold EdelhochCite this: Biochemistry 1967, 6, 7, 1948–1954Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00859a010https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00859a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6254Altmetric-Citations2794LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pathophysiology of Migraine (2012)

Migraine is a collection of perplexing neurological conditions in which the brain and its associated tissues have been implicated as major players during an attack. Once considered exclusively a disorder of blood vessels, compelling evidence has led to the realization that migraine represents a highly choreographed interaction between major inputs from both the peripheral and central nervous systems, with the trigeminovascular system and the cerebral cortex among the main players. Advances in in vivo and in vitro technologies have informed us about the significance to migraine of events such as cortical spreading depression and activation of the trigeminovascular system and its constituent neuropeptides, as well as about the importance of neuronal and glial ion channels and transporters that contribute to the putative cortical excitatory/inhibitory imbalance that renders migraineurs susceptible to an attack. This review focuses on emerging concepts that drive the science of migraine in both a mechanistic direction and a therapeutic direction.
Hepatitis C in liver transplant recipients. (1991)

HCV infection is commonly found in patients with chronic liver disease undergoing liver transplantation. However, the presence of antibody to HCV does not appear to be associated with the development of hepatitis posttransplant. No other risk factors were identified that appear to predispose patients to development of hepatitis in the posttransplant period, including amount of blood product exposure. The role of immunosuppression in the acquisition and expression of liver disease caused by HCV remains to be determined.
AAVs Anatomy: Roadmap for Optimizing Vectors for Translational Success (2010)

Adeno-Associated Virus based vectors (rAAV) are advantageous for human gene therapy due to low inflammatory responses, lack of toxicity, natural persistence, and ability to transencapsidate the genome allowing large variations in vector biology and tropism. Over sixty clinical trials have been conducted using rAAV serotype 2 for gene delivery with a number demonstrating success in immunoprivileged sites, including the retina and the CNS. Furthermore, an increasing number of trials have been initiated utilizing other serotypes of AAV to exploit vector tropism, trafficking, and expression efficiency. While these trials have demonstrated success in safety with emerging success in clinical outcomes, one benefit has been identification of issues associated with vector administration in humans (e.g. the role of pre-existing antibody responses, loss of transgene expression in non-immunoprivileged sites, and low transgene expression levels). For these reasons, several strategies are being used to optimize rAAV vectors, ranging from addition of exogenous agents for immune evasion to optimization of the transgene cassette for enhanced therapeutic output. By far, the vast majority of approaches have focused on genetic manipulation of the viral capsid. These methods include rational mutagenesis, engineering of targeting peptides, generation of chimeric particles, library and directed evolution approaches, as well as immune evasion modifications. Overall, these modifications have created a new repertoire of AAV vectors with improved targeting, transgene expression, and immune evasion. Continued work in these areas should synergize strategies to improve capsids and transgene cassettes that will eventually lead to optimized vectors ideally suited for translational success.