gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of moisture on cavity-stablized oscillators (1989)

Cavity-stablized oscillators (CSO) are widely used in many microwave md mm-wave systems for their small size, simple structure, high reliability and low phase noise, ect..
Synthesis of a Bicyclic g-Lactam Dipeptide Analogue (1992)

The asymmetric synthesis of a bicydlic y-lactarn analogue of a dipeptide, in which the key step was the bis-alkylation of an optically active diphenyloxazinone c h i d glycine anion equivalent is described.In recent years both ourselvesl and others2 have synthesised y-lactams designed to act as antibacterials by the inhibition of aanspeptidases.Some of these compounds have displayed interesting biological activities.3As a result of a desire to extend the use of y-lactams for the inhibition of therapeutically important proteases we wished to synthesise conformationally restricted analogues of Phe-Pro or Tyr-Pro, which are cleavage sites for the HIV protease.4In this communication we describe the asymmetric synthesis of a bicyclic analogue of Phe-Pro (I), in which the key step was the dialkylation of a chual diphenyloxazinone glycine anion equivalent.'
The virtual reality construction kit (1994)

History of Virtual Reality The Sense of Touch The Sense of Sight The Sense of Sound Tracking the Human Body Position Software to Run It All Playing Racquetball Shoot 'em Up VR Park.
Long-range resonance transfer of electronic excitations in close-packed CdSe quantum-dot solids (1996)

We show spectroscopically that electronic energy transfer in close-packed CdSe quantum-dot (QD) solids arises from dipole-dipole interdot interactions between proximal dots. We use cw and time-resolved photoluminescence to study electronic energy transfer in optically thin and clear, close-packed QD solids prepared from CdSe QD samples tunable from 17 to 150 \AA{} in diameter (\ensuremath{\sigma}4.5%). High-resolution scanning electron microscopy and small-angle x-ray scattering are used to build a well-defined structural model for the QD solids. In mixed QD solids of small and large dots, we measure quenching of the luminescence (lifetime) of the small dots accompanied by enhancement of the luminescence (lifetime) of the large dots consistent with electronic energy transfer from the small to the large dots. In QD solids of single size dots, a redshifted and modified emission line shape is consistent with electronic energy transfer within the sample inhomogeneous distribution. We use F\"orster theory for long-range resonance transfer through dipole-dipole interdot interactions to explain electronic energy transfer in these close-packed QD solids. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Glutamate receptor subunits GluR1 and GluR2/3 distribution shows reorganization in the human epileptogenic hippocampus (1998)

The AMPA-type glutamate receptor subunits GluR1 and GluR2/3 were localized by immunohistochemistry with subunit-specific antibodies in hippocampi removed surgically from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy for the control of seizures. The flip and flop splice variants of the subunits were localized by in situ hybridization histochemistry with specific oligoprobes. In patient hippocampi that were not the seizure focus, the GluR1 subunit proteins were diffusely expressed on the dendrites of neurons in all regions. In contrast, in these same hippocampi, the GluR2/3 subunit proteins were expressed strongly on the soma and proximal dendrites of principal neurons in all regions. The flip variant of these subunits was localized in the hilus and fields of Ammon's Horn (CA), while the flop variants were prominent on the dentate granule cells. In the epileptogenic hippocampus, while immunoreactivity was decreased in all fields that showed neuronal loss, there was an increased expression of GluR1 on the dendritic excrescences on the proximal dendrites of hilar neurons and CA3 pyramidal neurons, as well as expression of GluR2/3 in hilar neuron excrescences. Electron microscopic examination confirmed that the GluR1 immunoreactivity was only in dendritic processes, particularly dense at the postsynaptic membranes. Such expression of GluR1 may provide for an enhanced glutamatergic response by these neurons. GluR2/3 was also significantly increased on the dendrites of dentate granule cells in the epileptogenic hippocampus and may provide some protection against excitotoxic injury by reducing calcium flux into neurons.
Enabling flow-based routing control in data center networks using Probe and ECMP (2011)

Data center networks often use densely interconnected topologies to provide high bandwidth for internal data exchange. In such network, it is critical to employ effective load balancing schemes so that the bandwidth resources can be fully utilized. A simple and widely adopted scheme is equal-cost multi-path (ECMP) routing, which is generally supported by commodity switches and routers. However, research shows that ECMP cannot always ensure even traffic distribution among multiple paths. Consequently, ECMP cannot guarantee optimal resource utilization. We propose a scheme to complement ECMP with per-flow reroute. The basic idea is to perform ECMP-based load balancing by default. When a congestion occurs on a certain link, we dynamically reroute one or a few big flows to alternative paths to alleviate the congestion. The main contribution of our research is to design a scheme that enables per-flow reroute without introducing any modifications to IP switches and routers. All the flow-based operations and reroute functionalities are implemented in software that are installed on end hosts and centralized controllers. We call this scheme PROBE (Probe and RerOute based on ECMP). PROBE uses a traceroute-like approach to discover alternative paths and modifies packet headers to enable flow-based reroute. We show that PROBE is a low cost, low complexity and feasible scheme that can be easily implemented in existing data center networks that consist of commodity switches and routers.
Formulations strategies for biopharmaceuticals--ensuring success to market. (2001)

It was clear from the number of attendees and the broad spectrum of organizations represented at this conference, that effective formulation development for biopharmaceuticals is a critical and timely issue. From DNA-based products to antibodies, vaccines to therapeutics, administered by every route known to medicine, formulation plays a critical role in the ultimate success of biopharmaceutical products. It was obvious from the various case studies presented that effective formulation development is not often achieved as an organization enters into drug development. In fact, systematic pre-formulation work was stressed by most speakers as an effective use of company resources. In order to develop successful formulations, it is essential that appropriate analytical information is collected, that excipients are systematically evaluated, and that the developer understands the basis of stability of the drug product. In all cases, this means understanding product instability, including the physicochemical and thermodynamic basis for instability. Drugs such as therapeutic antibodies, which may require large doses to achieve the desired pharmacological effect, require ever more advanced formulation development to achieve concentrations in the 100-mg/ml range. Potent drugs, such as gene therapies and DNA vaccines, require formulation development in order to achieve effective delivery and expression. On aggregate, it is apparent that there is much to learn in formulation development, from each other as well as in the unexplored territory ahead. This conference provided an excellent forum for the exchange of ideas and information regarding effective formulation development for biopharmaceuticals.
Relation of Burkitt's tumor-associated herpes-ytpe virus to infectious mononucleosis. (1968)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Cloud Service Portal for Mobile Device Management (2010)

Mobile device has become an important tool and component in many businesses and used widely as a successful platform to invent and develop new applications to increase efficiency and reduce cost. Maintaining a fleet of devices for the mobile task force in a secure and scalable fashion is critical to ensure the long-term success of enterprise mobility platforms. Many mobile device management suites have been designed and implemented lately to provide some management functions to enterprise mobile fleet, but to the best of our knowledge, none of them have leveraged the power of emerging cloud computing infrastructure and there are several areas that we see great potentials for significant improvements. In this paper, we present our design for a portal to provide remote management access to virtualized device management servers hosted in a service cloud. Our design is targeted to hide the details of the device management behind a standard-based, uniform control interface that can be viewed from a cross-platform agent that can run on multiple mobile platforms. We will also describe briefly the prototype we are developing as an internal pilot.
Trivalent Lanthanide/Actinide Separation Using Aqueous-Modified TALSPEAK Chemistry (2014)

TALSPEAK is a liquid/liquid extraction process designed to separate trivalent lanthanides (Ln3+) from the minor actinides (MAs) Am3+ and Cm3+. Traditional TALSPEAK organic phase is comprised of the monoacidic dialkyl bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid extractant (HDEHP) in diisopropyl benzene (DIPB). The aqueous phase contains a soluble aminopolycarboxylate diethylenetriamine-N,N,N’,N”,N”-pentaacetic acid (DTPA) in a concentrated (1.0–2.0 M) lactic acid (HL) buffer with the aqueous acidity typically adjusted to pH 3.0. This process balances the selective complexation of the actinides by DTPA against the electrostatic attraction of the lanthanides by the HDEHP extractant to achieve the desired trivalent lanthanide/actinide group separation. In this study, the aqueous phase has been modified by replacing the lactic acid buffer with a variety of simple and longer-chain amino acid buffers. The results show successful trivalent lanthanide/actinide group separation with the aqueous-modified TALSPEAK process at pH 2. The amino acid buffer concentrations were reduced to 0.5 M (at pH 2), and separations were performed without any effect on phase-transfer kinetics. Successful modeling of the aqueous-modified TALSPEAK process (p[H+] 1.6–3.1) using a simplified thermodynamic model and an internally consistent set of thermodynamic data is presented.
Multi-Point Interaction of Phosphates with Protonated Pyridylporphyrin. Discrimination of Monoalkyl and Dialkyl Phosphates (1991)

Abstract The rigid and unique polyammonium binding site of fully protonated 5,15-bis(2-pyridyl)octaethylporphyrin allows novel discrimination of monoalkyl phosphate vs. dialkylphosphate as well as oxy- and dicarboxylic acids vs. monocarboxylic acid; the former are readily bound with the protonated porphyrin via multi-point interaction, while the latter not.
Immunomodulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by oral administration of copolymer 1 (1999)

The activity of copolymer 1 (Cop 1, Copaxone, glatiramer acetate) in suppressing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and in the treatment of multiple sclerosis patients when injected parenterally has been extensively demonstrated. In the present study we addressed the question of whether Cop 1 can induce oral tolerance to EAE similar to myelin basic protein (MBP). We now have demonstrated that oral Cop 1 inhibited EAE induction in both rats and mice. Furthermore, oral Cop 1 was more effective than oral MBP in suppressing EAE in rats. The beneficial effect of oral Cop 1 was found to be associated with specific inhibition of the proliferative and Th1 cytokine secretion responses to MBP of spleen cells from Cop 1-fed mice and rats. In all of these assays, oral Cop 1 was more effective than oral MBP. The tolerance induced by Cop 1 could be adoptively transferred with spleen cells from Cop 1-fed animals. Furthermore, Cop 1-specific T cell lines, which inhibit EAE induction in vivo, could be isolated from the above spleen cells. These T cell lines secrete the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and transforming growth factor type beta, but not IL-4, in response to both Cop 1 and MBP. In conclusion, oral Cop 1 has a beneficial effect on the development of EAE that is associated with down-regulation of T cell immune responses to MBP and is mediated by Th2/3 type regulatory cells. These results suggest that oral administration of Cop 1 may modulate multiple sclerosis as well.
Polarization recovery of fatigued Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films: Switching current studies (2003)

In the process of fatiguing Ir/Pb(Zr0.35Ti0.65)O3/Pt capacitors we have observed the splitting and separation of both the positive and negative switching currents into two distinct peaks. By measuring the current response to a post-fatigue, triangular, voltage waveform, we have observed a shift of the majority of the switching current to higher voltages and, eventually, beyond the voltage testing range. At high fatigue cycle numbers, this current peak shift is large enough to reveal a smaller switching current peak whose position remains invariant. Subsequent higher amplitude switching pulses access the high coercive voltage switching peaks, returning the remanent polarization values, though not the overall switching profile, to unfatigued levels. Pulse polarization measurements reveal that the switchable polarization that appears lost at lower testing voltages is highly recoverable when higher voltages are applied. Thus, the fatigue cycling appears to primarily increase the polarization switching resistance while inducing very little irrecoverable switching loss. Finally, we measured increased resistance to switching with fatigue cycling even when the majority of the capacitor volume was no longer switching during the fatigue pulses, suggesting that only voltage cycling, and not the concomitant polarization switching, are necessary to induce fatigue.
Quantum Key Distribution Based on Multi-qubit Hadamard Matrices (2008)

A deterministic one-step quantum key distribution scheme is proposed based on multi-qubit Hadamard matrices. In our proposed scheme, the secret key, which is encoded and decoded by using multi-qubit Hadamard transform, is deterministic. In addition, we also discuss in some detail how this protocol must be carefully designed for correcting errors and checking eavesdropping. This protocol is secure under the well-known assumption that the classical channel cannot be modified. It also has an advantage of not exchanging any other classical information except for eavesdropping check.
Aircraft Control Using Fluidic Maneuver Effectors (2008)

Fluidic maneuver effectors provide the opportunity to produce the forces and moments required for flight vehicle trim and maneuvering without using conventional control surfaces. This paper defines the three saturation limits exhibited by fluidic controls. Two are due to geometry and effort/power constraints (similar to geometric issues) and the third type of saturation is due to shock induced separation at high jet Mach numbers. A case study aircraft is analyzed in order to see if the fluidic controls can provide trim/maneuver throughout the flight envelope. Engine bleed air is used for the pneumatic supply of the circulation control (CC) and fluidic thrust vectoring (FTV) effectors. It is shown that the critical flight conditions are climb turns and descending flight where geometric and effort/power saturation limits are met respectively.
HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER FLOWING THROUGH MICROCHANNELS (1994)

The forced-flow convection of water through rectangular microchannels having hydraulic diameters of 0.133-0.367 mm and aspect ratios of H/W = 0.333-1 was investigated experimentally. The flow friction was measured to analyze the heat transfer regimes and to explore the physical aspects of the connective heat transfer. The experimental measurements indicated that the upper bound of the laminar heat transfer regime occurred at a Reynolds number of 200-700, and fully turbulent connective heat transfer was reached at Reynolds numbers of 400-1,500. The transition Reynolds number diminished with the reduction of the microchannel dimension, and the transition range was observed to become smaller in magnitude. For the laminar heat transfer regime, the Nusselt number was found to be proportional to Re0.62while the turbulent heat transfer case exhibited a typical relationship between Nu and Re, but with a different empirical coefficient, CH,t. The geometric parameters were found to be important variables that could significantly affect the flow characteristics and heat transfer. The laminar connective heat transfer had a maximum value when the aspect ratio, H/W, was approximately equal to 0.75, and the turbulent heat transfer was optimal when the aspect ratio was in the range 0.5-0.75.
Single-shot real-time femtosecond imaging of temporal focusing (2018)

While the concept of focusing usually applies to the spatial domain, it is equally applicable to the time domain. Real-time imaging of temporal focusing of single ultrashort laser pulses is of great significance in exploring the physics of the space-time duality and finding diverse applications. The drastic changes in the width and intensity of an ultrashort laser pulse during temporal focusing impose a requirement for femtosecond-level exposure to capture the instantaneous light patterns generated in this exquisite phenomenon. Thus far, established ultrafast imaging techniques either struggle to reach the desired exposure time or require repeatable measurements. We have developed single-shot 10-trillion-frame-per-second compressed ultrafast photography (T-CUP), which passively captures dynamic events with 100-fs frame intervals in a single camera exposure. The synergy between compressed sensing and the Radon transformation empowers T-CUP to significantly reduce the number of projections needed for reconstructing a high-quality three-dimensional spatiotemporal datacube. As the only currently available real-time, passive imaging modality with a femtosecond exposure time, T-CUP was used to record the first-ever movie of non-repeatable temporal focusing of a single ultrashort laser pulse in a dynamic scattering medium. T-CUP's unprecedented ability to clearly reveal the complex evolution in the shape, intensity, and width of a temporally focused pulse in a single measurement paves the way for single-shot characterization of ultrashort pulses, experimental investigation of nonlinear light-matter interactions, and real-time wavefront engineering for deep-tissue light focusing.
Relative Nucleophilic Reactivities of Amino Groups and Mercaptide Ions in Addition Reactions with α,β-Unsaturated Compounds1,2 (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRelative Nucleophilic Reactivities of Amino Groups and Mercaptide Ions in Addition Reactions with α,β-Unsaturated Compounds1,2Mendel Friedman, J. F. Cavins, and J. S. WallCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 16, 3672–3682Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01094a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01094a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1490Altmetric-Citations303LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tissue Plasminogen Activator Coexpressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells with α(2,6)‐Sialyltransferase Contains NeuAcα(2,6)Galβ(1,4)Gl‐N‐AcR Linkages (1995)

Genetic alteration of the set of oligosaccharide biosynthesis enzymes expressed in a genetically engineered host cell line is a plausible strategy for manipulating the oligosaccharides on a cloned glycoprotein coexpressed in that cell line. This hypothesis was verified for the particular case of sialylation of recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) expressed by an engineered Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line. The gene for rat liver beta-galactoside alpha(2,6)-sialyltransferase (2,6-ST) was cloned behind the MMTV promoter in the vector pMSG and transfected into a tPA-expressing CHO cell line. Selected and screened transfectants exhibited significantly greater surface fluorescence than controls in flow cytometric analyses of cells labeled with Sambacus nigra agglutinin (SNA)-biotin and streptavidin-R-phycoerythrin; SNA specifically binds to NeuAc alpha(2,6)Gal beta(1,4)Glc-N-AcR linkages, which are synthesized by 2,6-ST and which are not normally found on CHO cells. SNA blots of partially purified tPA from the culture supernatant demonstrated that tPA synthesized in the 2,6-ST transfectants possessed terminal NeuAc alpha(2,6)Gal beta(1,4)Glc-N-AcR linkages, while tPA from the original recombinant CHO cell line did not. Besides possibly allowing the production of glycoproteins in cell culture with glycosylation more closely resembling that in humans, extensions of this strategy have the potential to tailor the pharmacokinetics, targeting, and antigenic properties of cloned glycoproteins.
Antitumor Agents: Development of Highly Potent Glycosidic Duocarmycin Analogues for Selective Cancer Therapy (2006)

Better and better: The glycosidic prodrug (+)-1, which is based on duocarmycin antibiotics, was synthesized for selective cancer therapy. The drug was developed within the context of “antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy” (ADEPT). As a result of its outstanding QIC50 values, its excellent solubility, and easy synthesis it exceeds all other prodrugs produced to date. QIC50=comparative toxicity value between the prodrug and the drug.