gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of a lac promoter-operator fragment as a transcriptional control switch for expression of the constitutive lpp gene in Escherichia coli. (1982)

We constructed hybrid plasmids to allow controlled expression of the lpp gene coding for the outer membrane lipoprotein of Escherichia coli, which is otherwise expressed constitutively. This was achieved by the insertion of a DNA fragment carrying the lacUV5 promoter-operator region as a transcriptional control switch into the 5'-untranslated region of the lpp gene. When fully induced, the production of the lipoprotein, controlled under the tandem promoters of lppp-lacpo-lpp, increased approximately 3-fold compared to that under lacpo-lpp control. However, it was still only one-third of the lipoprotein production under the constitutive lpp expression. One such plasmid, pKEN125, carrying lppp-lacpo-lpp in pBR322 produced only a trace amount of the lipoprotein without induction in an E. coli lpp- cell. Upon the addition of isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactoside, however, the amount of the lipoprotein reached almost 40% of the total membrane proteins. Cells carrying pKEN125 grew normally in the presence of the inducer, whereas cells carrying plasmid pKEN126 with tandem duplication of lppp-lacpo-lpp sequences in pBR322 lysed upon induction at high temperature. In cells with pKEN126 induced at high temperature, at least three new bands which were cross-reactive with antilipoprotein serum in addition to the mature lipoprotein were detected by pulse-labeling cells with [35S]methionine.
Elevated basal intestinal mucosal cytokine levels in asymptomatic first-degree relatives of patients with Crohn’s disease (2000)

AIM:To determine levels of cytokines in colonic mucosa of asymptomatic first degree relatives of Crohn's disease patients.METHODS:Cytokines (Interleukin (IL) 1-Beta, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-8) were measured using ELISA in biopsy samples of normal looking colonic mucosa of first degree relatives of Crohn's disease patients (n = 9) and from normal controls (n = 10) with no family history of Crohn's disease.RESULTS:Asymptomatic first degree relatives of patients with Crohn's disease had significantly higher levels of basal intestinal mucosal cytokines (IL-2, IL-6 and IL-8) than normal controls. Whether these increased cytokine levels serve as phenotypic markers for a genetic predisposition to developing Crohn's disease later on, or whether they indicate early (pre-clinical) damage has yet to be further defined.CONCLUSION:Asymptomatic first degree relatives of Crohn's disease patients have higher levels of cytokines in their normal-looking intestinal mucosa compared to normal controls. This supports the hypothesis that increased cytokines may be a cause or an early event in the inflammatory cascade of Crohn's disease and are not merely a result of the inflammatory process.
Heterobimetallic Transition Metal/Rare Earth Metal Bifunctional Catalysis: A Cu/Sm/Schiff Base Complex for Syn-Selective Catalytic Asymmetric Nitro-Mannich Reaction (2010)

The full details of a catalytic asymmetric syn-selective nitro-Mannich reaction promoted by heterobimetallic Cu/Sm/dinucleating Schiff base complexes are described, demonstrating the effectiveness of the heterobimetallic transition metal/rare earth metal bifunctional catalysis. The first-generation system prepared from Cu(OAc)(2)/Sm(O-iPr)(3)/Schiff base 1a = 1:1:1 with an achiral phenol additive was partially successful for achieving the syn-selective catalytic asymmetric nitro-Mannich reaction. The substrate scope and limitations of the first-generation system remained problematic. After mechanistic studies on the catalyst prepared from Sm(O-iPr)(3), we reoptimized the catalyst preparation method, and a catalyst derived from Sm(5)O(O-iPr)(13) showed broader substrate generality as well as higher reactivity and stereoselectivity compared to Sm(O-iPr)(3). The optimal system with Sm(5)O(O-iPr)(13) was applicable to various aromatic, heteroaromatic, and isomerizable aliphatic N-Boc imines, giving products in 66-99% ee and syn/anti = >20:1-13:1. Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of nemonapride is also demonstrated using the catalyst derived from Sm(5)O(O-iPr)(13).
Advances in the Medical Treatment of Epilepsy (1998)

Treatment options for epilepsy, especially using antiepileptic drugs, have increased substantially in the past five years. Since 1993, four novel antiepileptic drugs have been approved and marketed in the United States: felbamate, gabapentin, lamotrigine, and topiramate. Two others, tiagabine and vigabatrin, are likely to be approved in the near future. For many patients, these agents offer the realistic promise of improved seizure control, often with fewer adverse effects and less significant drug interactions compared with older agents. In addition, fosphenytoin, a water-soluble phenytoin prodrug with a number of advantages over intravenous phenytoin, has been released. There are new administration options for carbamazepine, diazepam, and valproic acid. For drug-resistant or -intolerant patients, there has been renewed interest in alternative therapies, especially the ketogenic diet. Taken together, these represent significant therapeutic advances that are benefiting patients with epilepsy. At the same time, improved understanding of the basic mechanisms of epileptogenesis, and of the cellular and molecular actions of available antiepileptic drugs, creates a framework for designing unique therapeutic strategies that are targeted at key sites of vulnerability involved in the development and maintenance of the epileptic state.
Modification of Lipase with Various Synthetic Polymers and Their Catalytic Activities in Organic Solvent (1994)

Abstract A new enzyme modification has been devised where various vinyl monomers were graftpolymerized using enzyme‐containing aliphatic azo groups as initiators. Thus, an enzyme, lipase, which is not soluble in organic solvents, was made soluble in organic solvents. The modified enzyme catalyzed the esterification reaction in chloroform. Catalytic activity in chloroform was obtained by modification with amphiphilic polymers, such as poly( N ‐vinylpyrrolidone), as well as hydrophobic polymers, such as polystyrene and poly (methyl methacrylate). The catalytic activities of the hybrid enzymes increased linearly with increased solubility in chloroform. The hybrid enzymes were thermally stable and used repeatedly.
High performance ultraviolet photodetectors based on an individual Zn2SnO4 single crystalline nanowire (2010)

Zn2SnO4 (ZTO) nanowires were prepared by thermal evaporation method and ultraviolet photodetectors based on an individual ZTO nanowire were investigated. The devices exhibited high performance such as high “ON/OFF” current ratio, high response speed and excellent device stability.
Undercut elimination in DUV negative systems: application to lithography and etching of metal levels (1996)

When a negative tone DUV chemically amplified resist is used on TiN, an undercut at the resist/TiN interface can be observed. This effect leads to a limitation of the performance and optimal use of these resists. In our study of the Shipley SNR 200 resist, a typical representative of these formulations, this undercut has been quantified versus soft bake (SB) and post exposure bake (PEB) temperatures, and for different types and times of development. The results obtained show that for high SB temperatures (greater than 120 degrees Celsius), undercut is minimized, whereas for SB lower than 120 degrees Celsius, undercut occurs. Whatever the SB conditions, undercut significantly increases for PEB temperatures above 120 degrees Celsius. The influence of the development parameters is negligible. By using both DSC thermal analysis and the wafer curvature measurement (WCM) technique, the glass transition of the SNR 200 resist has been determined at 115 degrees Celsius. This result clearly correlates the diffusion mechanisms involved in the undercut phenomenon with the viscoelastic properties of the resist. For these optimized lithographic conditions as well as for the metal etch conditions, a 100% electrical yield for isolation patterns was obtained down to 0.35 micrometer spaces.
Injectable Liver: A Novel Approach Using Fibrin Gel as a Matrix for Culture and Intrahepatic Transplantation of Hepatocytes (2005)

Cell transplantation and tissue engineering with liver cells are currently under investigation as experimental therapies for certain liver diseases. In this study we evaluated a fibrin-based gel matrix as carrier for hepatocytes in culture. Furthermore, a novel technique for direct intrahepatic injection of fibrin gel-immobilized hepatocytes was developed and evaluated in a rat model. Hepatocytes were harvested from rats. Fibrin matrix was generated with modified fibrin sealant. Cells, in medium containing epidermal growth factor and insulin, were seeded in a drop of fibrin matrix onto plastic culture dishes. Cell numbers were assessed by DNA content. Hepatocyte differentiation was evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistology (IH) for cytokeratin (CK)-18 and albumin. PKH26-labeled fibrin gel-immobilized hepatocytes were transplanted into liver by direct injection underneath the capsule. Fluorescence microscopy of explanted liver was performed to identify PKH26+ donor cells. Neotissue was characterized by IH for the markers CK-18, ED1, and desmin. Culture in a fibrin matrix allowed stable cell numbers and three-dimensional neotissue formation. RT-PCR and IH showed preservation of liver-specific markers CK-18 and albumin in vitro. Transplanted cells were identified by fluorescence microscopy after 2 and 7 days. CK-18 and desmin staining showed integration of hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells into the host liver. Fibrin matrix is an appropriate environment for hepatocytes in culture. Direct intrahepatic injection of fibrin gel-immobilized hepatocytes is technically feasible. We conclude that fibrin gel immobilization is an attractive tool for the development of tissue engineering-based liver support systems.
Role of Transcriptional Activation of IκBα in Mediation of Immunosuppression by Glucocorticoids (1995)

Glucocorticoids are potent immunosuppressive drugs, but their mechanism is poorly understood. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), a regulator of immune system and inflammation genes, may be a target for glucocorticoid-mediated immunosuppression. The activation of NF-kappa B involves the targeted degradation of its cytoplasmic inhibitor, I kappa B alpha, and the translocation of NF-kappa B to the nucleus. Here it is shown that the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone induces the transcription of the I kappa B alpha gene, which results in an increased rate of I kappa B alpha protein synthesis. Stimulation by tumor necrosis factor causes the release of NF-kappa B from I kappa B alpha. However, in the presence of dexamethasone this newly released NF-kappa B quickly reassociates with newly synthesized I kappa B alpha, thus markedly reducing the amount of NF-kappa B that translocates to the nucleus. This decrease in nuclear NF-kappa B is predicted to markedly decrease cytokine secretion and thus effectively block the activation of the immune system.
Layered double hydroxides : present and future (2001)

Layered double hydroxides are one of the variety of names given to a family of layered materials first discovered in Sweden in 1842. These materials are interesting because their layer cations can be changed among a wide selection, and the interlayer anion can also be (nearly) freely chosen. Like cationic clays, they can be pillared and can exchange interlayer species -- thus increasing applications and making new routes to derivatives. The principle areas of application include catalyst support, anion scavengers, polymer stabilisers, and antacids. In the last several years, reviews and studies of LDHs have dealt with these uses. This book aims to update the current body of LDH knowledge from a wide array of views. The first section addresses the synthesis and physiochemical characterisation of these materials, and section two focuses on the applications of LDHs.
Differential effects of ethanol and hexanol on the Escherichia coli cell envelope (1980)

Both ethanol and hexanol inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, but their effects on the organization and composition of the cell envelope were quite different. Hexanol (7.8 x 10(-3) mM) increased membrane fluidity, whereas ethanol (0.67 M) had little effect. During growth in the presence of ethanol, the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids increased. The opposite change was induced by hexanol. Unlike hexanol, growth in the presence of ethanol resulted in the production of un-cross-linked peptidoglycan with subsequent lysis. Salt (0.3 M) protected cells against ethanol-induced lysis but potentiated growth inhibition by hexanol. Mutants isolated for resistance to ethanol-induced lysis synthesized cross-linked peptidoglycan during growth in the presence of ethanol but remained sensitive to hexanol. A general hypothesis was presented to explain the differential effects of ethanol and hexanol. All alcohols are viewed as similar in having both an apolar chain capable of interacting with hydrophobic environments and a hydroxyl function capable of hydrogen bonding. The differential effects of short-chain alcohols may represent effects due to the high molar concentrations of hydrogen bonding groups with an apolar end within the environment. These may replace bound water in some cases. With longer-chain alcohols such as hexanol, the effects of the acyl chain would dominate, and limitations of solubility and cellular integrity would mask these hydroxyl effects.
Development of a Sensitive Detection Method for Stressed E. coli O157:H7 in Source and Finished Drinking Water by Culture-qPCR (2011)

A sensitive and specific method that also demonstrates viability is of interest for detection of E. coli O157:H7 in drinking water. A combination of culture and qPCR was investigated. Two triplex qPCRs, one from a commercial source and another designed for this study were optimized from 5 different assays to be run on a single qPCR plate. The qPCR assays were specific for 33 E. coli O157:H7 strains tested and detected 500 cells spiked in a background of 10(8) nontarget bacterial cells. The qPCR detection was combined with an enrichment process using Presence Absence (P/A) broth to detect chlorine and starvation stressed cells. qPCR analysis performed post-enrichment allowed the detection of 3-4 cells/L as indicated by a sharp increase in fluorescence (lowering of Ct values) from pre-enrichment levels, demonstrating a 5-6 log increase in the number of cells. When six vulnerable untreated surface water samples were examined, only one was positive for viable E. coli O157:H7 cells. These results suggest that the culture-PCR procedure can be used for rapid detection of E. coli O157:H7 in drinking water.
Therapeutic equivalence of mesalamine products. (2004)

No bioequivalence studies have been conducted for mesalamine because of differences in formulation. Based on U.S. Food and Drug Administration definitions for bioequivalence, none of these drugs can be classified as bioequivalent or therapeutically equivalent. No adequate comparative trials have been conducted with equivalent mesalamine doses to determine if any of the current formulations are superior in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. All of these mesalamine formulations are effective, but they differ with regard to where the drug is released in the intestinal tract, which may influence the outcome in some patients. Therefore, the selection of a mesalamine agent should be based on the results of the clinical trials, individual patient response, compliance issues, and price, until comparative clinical trials are published.
The multicatalytic proteinase complex, a major extralysosomal proteolytic system (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe multicatalytic proteinase complex, a major extralysosomal proteolytic systemMarian OrlowskiCite this: Biochemistry 1990, 29, 45, 10289–10297Publication Date (Print):November 13, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 13 November 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00497a001https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00497a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views364Altmetric-Citations332LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The cache injection/cofetch architecture: initial performance evaluation (1997)

One of the major problems in a number of SM (shared memory) and DSM (distributed shared memory) applications is the overall cost of read misses in conditions when: (a) system latencies are relatively large, and (b) a shared data item is read relatively few times by each of the processors in the system; modern SM and DSM systems are typically based on off-the-shelf microprocessors which do not include any support for the described problem. Consequently, the major goal of our research is to come up with a new concept to be incorporated into the next generation microprocessors, so they can became more efficient in the sense described above. Existing 64-bit processors support only data prefetching (PF) as a method to fight against negative effects of the described problem. Our research introduces a new concept referred to as cache injection (CI), as well as the related cache injection/cofetch architecture (CICA). Initial performance evaluation is performed using a simulation methodology based on the set of synthetic benchmarks.
QuadCover ‐ Surface Parameterization using Branched Coverings (2007)

Abstract We introduce an algorithm for the automatic computation of global parameterizations on arbitrary simplicial 2‐manifolds, whose parameter lines are guided by a given frame field, for example, by principal curvature frames. The parameter lines are globally continuous and allow a remeshing of the surface into quadrilaterals. The algorithm converts a given frame field into a single vector field on a branched covering of the 2‐manifold and generates an integrable vector field by a Hodge decomposition on the covering space. Except for an optional smoothing and alignment of the initial frame field, the algorithm is fully automatic and generates high quality quadrilateral meshes.
CCIndex for Cassandra: A Novel Scheme for Multi-dimensional Range Queries in Cassandra (2011)

Multi-dimensional range queries are fundamental requirements in large scale Internet applications using Distributed Ordered Tables. Apache Cassandra is a Distributed Ordered Table when it employs order-preserving hashing as data partitioner. Cassandra supports multi-dimensional range queries with poor performance and with a limitation that there must be one dimension with an equal operator. Based on the success of CCIndex scheme in Apache HBase, this paper tries to answer the question: Can CCIndex benefit multi-dimensional range queries in DOTs like Cassandra? This paper studies the feasibility of employing CCIndex in Cassandra, proposes a new approach to estimate result size, implements CCIndex in Cassandra including recovery mechanisms and studies the pros and cons of CCIndex for different DOTs. Experimental results show that CCIndex gains 2.4 to 3.7 times efficiency over Cassandra's index scheme with 1% to 50% selectivity for 2 million records. This paper shows that CCIndex is a general approach for DOTs, and could gain better performance for DOTs which perform scan tasks much faster than random read. This paper reveals that Cassandra is optimized for hash tables rather than ordered tables in performing read and range queries.
Identification of aging mechanisms in the optical and electrical characteristics of light-emitting diodes (2001)

We report new methods of identifying the effects of aging on the light–current (L–I) and current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of AlInGaP light-emitting diodes (LEDs). We believe that these methods are also applicable to other III–V compound semiconductors. We observe a broadening of the nonlinear range of the L–I characteristic accompanied by a shift to higher currents in the I–V characteristic. These features can be attributed to an increase of nonradiative recombination processes in the active layer. A second process, however, can lead to an increase of the LED output power. We conclude from an analysis of the current dependence that this process is due to a different mechanism.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II Study Comparing the Tolerability and Efficacy of Ipilimumab Administered with or without Prophylactic Budesonide in Patients with Unresectable Stage III or IV Melanoma (2009)

Ipilimumab shows activity in advanced melanoma, with encouraging survival and manageable adverse events. Budesonide should not be used prophylactically for grade >or=2 diarrhea associated with ipilimumab therapy.
Similar peptides from two beta cell autoantigens, proinsulin and glutamic acid decarboxylase, stimulate T cells of individuals at risk for insulin-dependent diabetes. (1995)

This is the first demonstration of T cell reactivity to a proinsulin-specific peptide. In addition, it is the first example of reactivity to a minimal peptide region shared between two human autoimmune disease-associated self antigens. Mimicry between these similar peptides may provide a molecular basis for the conjoint autoantigenicity of proinsulin and GAD in IDDM.
A CMOS image sensor module applied for a digital still camera utilizing the TAB on glass (TOG) bonding method (1999)

The world's smallest (105/spl times/55/spl times/20 mm) and lightest (130 g) digital still camera has been developed, in which a 330 K pixel complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor chip is used as an image sensor. The authors have developed a new thinner and smaller image sensor module, called tape automated bonding (TAB) on glass (TOG) module, using the anisotropic conductive paste (ACP) interconnection method. The TOG production process was established by obtaining optimum bonding conditions for both optical glass bonding and CMOS chip bonding to the TAB tape. The bonding conditions including sufficient bonding margins, were mainly studied. The TOG module obtained good imaging properties, It also has a high reliability such as thermal cycle test (-40 to +110/spl deg/C/30 min, 2000 cycles) and the high temperature storage test (60/spl deg/C, 90% RH, 3000 h). The stable production process was confirmed by fabricating an automatic bonding machine.