gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antigenic and genetic variation of the HN protein of mumps virus strains (1996)

The relationships between different strains of mumps virus were established by determination of the sequence of the HN gene. They closely resemble those established from other portions of the genome, suggesting that the viruses are not recombinants over the areas examined. The relationships were consistent with those established by reaction with monoclonal antibodies raised against the Urabe strain, which has a similar antigenic structure to previously studied laboratory strains, and largely consistent with the specificity of the serological response of naturally infected or vaccinated human subjects.
Circulating microRNAs: macro-utility as markers of prostate cancer? (2012)

The realization that microRNAs (miRNAs) are frequently deregulated in malignancy has had a major impact on cancer research. In particular, the recent finding that highly stable forms of miRNAs can be accurately measured in body fluids, including blood, has generated considerable excitement. Here, we discuss the potential of blood-based circulating miRNAs as diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers of prostate cancer. We also describe practical considerations that may influence identification and/or measurement of miRNA biomarkers in the circulation. Finally, evidence is prevented for the emerging concept that circulating miRNAs are actively released by their cells of origin and can modulate gene expression at distal sites. These mobile miRNAs, which we term 'hormomirs' because of their hormone-like characteristics, could act as local or long-range signals to maintain normal homeostasis or influence the development and progression of diseases such as cancer.
Serum Antibodies to Pneumococcal Neuraminidase NanA in Relation to Pneumococcal Carriage and Acute Otitis Media (2006)

Pneumococcal neuraminidase, NanA, is a pneumococcal vaccine candidate. Prior culture-confirmed pneumococcal contacts were shown to induce serum anti-NanA antibodies during the first 2 years of life. The antibody concentrations at neither 12 nor 18 months were significantly associated with the risk of subsequent pneumococcal carriage or acute otitis media.
Implantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Overexpressing Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Improves Right Ventricular Impairments Caused by Pulmonary Hypertension (2006)

Intravenous implantation of MSCs/eNOS may offer ameliorating effects on PH-related RV impairment and survival time.
Developmental pattern of expression of NPDC-1 and its interaction with E2F-1 suggest a role in the control of proliferation and differentiation of neural cells (1998)

We have previously identified NPDC-1, a gene specifically expressed in neural cells and involved in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation. In the present study, we have investigated the expression of this gene during mouse development and the interactions of the NPDC-1 protein with cell cycle regulatory proteins. The data show that NPDC-1 mRNA begins to be expressed in a variety of neural structures when the precursors enter into their terminal differentiation. They also indicate that in adult brain, the expression patterns of NPDC-1 and E2F-1 mRNA largely overlap. In addition, the NPDC-1 protein is able to interact directly with the transcription factor E2F-1 that participates in the regulation of the cell cycle, cell survival, and apoptosis. The present results suggest that NPDC-1 might be involved in the terminal differentiation and survival of neural cells and might act through interactions with E2F-1.
Presentations for (G, s)-transitive graphs of small valency (1987)

Given a group G , a subgroup H and an element a ∈ G , we define Γ( G, H, a ) to be the graph on the set of left-cosets of H in G , where two left-cosets g 1 H and g 2 H are adjacent whenever . We will consider this construction only in the case that The first of these conditions assures that adjacency is a symmetric relation (i.e. that Γ( G, H, a ) is an undirected graph) and the second assures that Γ( G, H, a ) is connected.
Experimental Evidence Shows Salubrinal, an eIF2α Dephosphorylation Inhibitor, Reduces Xenotoxicant-Induced Cellular Damage (2015)

Accumulating evidence indicates that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the subsequent unfolded protein response (UPR) are involved in the pathogenesis of not only the protein misfolding disorders such as certain neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases, but also in the cytotoxicity of environmental pollutants, industrial chemicals, and drugs. Thus, the modulation of ER stress signaling pathways is an important issue for protection against cellular damage induced by xenotoxicants. The substance salubrinal has been shown to prevent dephosphorylation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α). The phosphorylation of eIF2α appears to be cytoprotective during ER stress, because inhibition of the translation initiation activity of eIF2α reduces global protein synthesis. In addition, the expression of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), a transcription factor that induces the expression of UPR target genes, is up-regulated through alternative translation. This review shows that salubrinal can protect cells from the damage induced by a wide range of xenotoxicants, including environmental pollutants and drugs. The canonical and other possible mechanisms of cytoprotection by salubrinal from xenotoxicant-induced ER stress are also discussed.
Accurate3Hepolarimetry using the Rb Zeeman frequency shift due to theRb−3Hespin-exchange collisions (1998)

We describe a method of ${}^{3}\mathrm{He}$ polarimetry relying on the polarization-dependent frequency shift of the Rb Zeeman resonance. Our method is ideally suited for on-line measurements of the ${}^{3}\mathrm{He}$ polarization produced by spin-exchange optical pumping. To calibrate the frequency shift we performed an accurate measurement of the imaginary part of the $\mathrm{Rb}{\ensuremath{-}}^{3}\mathrm{He}$ spin-exchange cross section in the temperature range typical for spin-exchange optical pumping of ${}^{3}\mathrm{He}.$ We also present a detailed study of possible systematic errors in the frequency shift polarimetry.
Heparin inhibits BMP‐2 osteogenic bioactivity by binding to both BMP‐2 and BMP receptor (2008)

Heparin demonstrates several kinds of biological activities by binding to various extracellular molecules and plays pivotal roles in bone metabolism. However, the role of heparin in the biological activity of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) remains unclear. In the present study, we examined whether heparin has the effects on osteoblast differentiation induced by BMP-2 in vitro and also elucidated the precise mechanism by which heparin regulates bone metabolism induced by this molecule. Our results showed that heparin inhibited alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization in osteoblastic cells cultured with BMP-2. Heparin was found to suppress the mRNA expressions of osterix, Runx2, ALP and osteocalcin, as well as phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 and p38 MAPK. Further, heparin bound to both BMP-2 and BMP receptor (BMPR). These results suggest that heparin suppresses BMP-2-BMPR binding, and inhibits BMP-2 osteogenic activity in vitro.
Suppression of Boiling Flow Oscillations in Parallel Microchannels by Inlet Restrictors (2005)

Geometrical effects of MEMS-based microfabricated inlet orifices on the suppression of parallel channel and upstream compressible volume instabilities commonly exhibited during flow boiling in parallel microchannels have been investigated. The heat fluxes at the onset of unstable boiling have been obtained over effective heat fluxes ranging from 9 to 614W∕cm2 and mass fluxes from 115to389kg∕m2s. A dimensionless parameter M, which accounts for the pressure drop increase imposed by the inlet restrictors, has been used to correlate the extent of flow instability suppression. It has been shown that the onset of unstable boiling asymptotically increases with M. At sufficiently high M values, parallel channels and upstream compressible volume instabilities are completely eradicated although it gives way to another instability to develop, namely, the critical heat flux conditions. A correlation has been developed in terms of M to predict the conditions leading to unstable boiling.
Simultaneous Measurement of Intracellular pH and K+ or NO3- in Barley Root Cells Using Triple-Barreled, Ion-Selective Microelectrodes (1995)

The manufacture and use of triple-barreled microelectrodes, which are capable of simultaneous in vivo measurement of intracellular pH and the activities of K+ or NO3- and cell membrane potential (Em), are described. Scanning electron micrographs showed that the three tips were aligned and that the overall tip diameter was approximately 0.8 [mu]m. When filled with 100 mM KCl, all three barrels simultaneously reported identical transmembrane potentials, showing that all three tips were located in the same subcellular compartment. Intracellular estimates of Em in barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Klaxon) root epidermal cells obtained with these triple-barreled microelectrodes were indistinguishable from those obtained using single- or double-barreled microelectrodes. Measurements made with triple-barreled K+ and pH-selective microelectrodes in root cells of 7-d-old barley plants grown in a nutrient solution containing 0.5 mM K+ yielded cytosolic and vacuolar populations having mean K+ activity values of 71.3 and 68.7 mM, respectively. The associated mean pH values ([plus or minus]SE) were 7.26 [plus or minus] 0.06 (cytosol) and 5.18 [plus or minus] 0.08 (vacuole). Analysis of whole-tissue digests confirmed the microelectrode measurements. Measurements made using triple-barreled pH- and nitrate-selective microelectrodes confirmed earlier double-barreled measurements of pH and nitrate in barley root epidermal cells growing in 10 mM nitrate.
Learning to Track: Online Multi-object Tracking by Decision Making (2015)

Online Multi-Object Tracking (MOT) has wide applications in time-critical video analysis scenarios, such as robot navigation and autonomous driving. In tracking-by-detection, a major challenge of online MOT is how to robustly associate noisy object detections on a new video frame with previously tracked objects. In this work, we formulate the online MOT problem as decision making in Markov Decision Processes (MDPs), where the lifetime of an object is modeled with a MDP. Learning a similarity function for data association is equivalent to learning a policy for the MDP, and the policy learning is approached in a reinforcement learning fashion which benefits from both advantages of offline-learning and online-learning for data association. Moreover, our framework can naturally handle the birth/death and appearance/disappearance of targets by treating them as state transitions in the MDP while leveraging existing online single object tracking methods. We conduct experiments on the MOT Benchmark [24] to verify the effectiveness of our method.
Prevalence of Unsuspected Pancreatic Cysts on MDCT (2008)

In this outpatient population, the prevalence of unsuspected pancreatic cysts identified on 16-MDCT was 2.6%. Cyst presence strongly correlated with increasing age and the Asian race.
Gray Coding for Multilevel Constellations in Gaussian Noise (2007)

The problem of finding the optimal labeling (bit-to-symbol mapping) of multilevel coherent phase shift keying (PSK), pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellations with respect to minimizing the bit-error probability (BEP) over a Gaussian channel is addressed. We show that using the binary reflected Gray code (BRGC) to label the signal constellation results in the lowest possible BEP for high enough signal energy-to-noise ratios and analyze what is "high enough" in this sense. It turns out that the BRGC is optimal for PSK and PAM systems whenever the target BEP is at most a few percent, which covers most systems of practical interest. New and simple closed-form expressions are presented for the BEP of PSK, PAM, and QAM using the BRGC
Envelope glycoprotein and CD4 independence of vpu-facilitated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capsid export (1992)

The effect of vpu on the release of human immunodeficiency type 1 capsid proteins was examined in the presence or absence of virus-encoded envelope glycoproteins as well as in cells which constitutively express either the CD4 or CD8 protein. The results show that vpu-mediated facilitated export of capsid proteins from HeLa cells does not require expression of the envelope glycoprotein. The experiments also show that export of virus capsid proteins from HeLa cells facilitated by vpu is not affected by coexpression of either the CD4 or CD8 protein. The vpu protein acts in trans to facilitate export of virus capsid proteins from HeLa cells.
PROTEGE-II: computer support for development of intelligent systems from libraries of components. (1995)

PROTEGE-II is a suite of tools that facilitates the development of intelligent systems. A tool called MAiTRE allows system builders to create and refine abstract models (ontologies) of application domains. A tool called DASH takes as input a modified domain ontology and generates automatically a knowledge-acquisition tool that application specialists can use to enter the detailed content knowledge required to define particular applications. The domain-dependent knowledge entered into the knowledge-acquisition tool is used by assemblies of domain-independent problem-solving methods that provide the computational strategies required to solve particular application tasks. The result is an architecture that offers a divide-and-conquer approach that separates system-building tasks that require skill in domain analysis and modeling from those that require simple entry of content knowledge. At the same time, applications can be constructed from libraries of component--of both domain ontologies and domain-independent problem-solving methods--allowing the reuse of knowledge and facilitating ongoing system maintenance. We have used PROTEGE-II to construct a number of knowledge-based systems, including the reasoning components of T-Helper, which assists physicians in the protocol-based care of patients who have HIV infection.
Non-syndromic retinal ciliopathies: translating gene discovery into therapy (2012)

Homozygosity mapping and exome sequencing have accelerated the discovery of gene mutations and modifier alleles implicated in inherited retinal degeneration in humans. To date, 158 genes have been found to be mutated in individuals with retinal dystrophies. Approximately one-third of the gene defects underlying retinal degeneration affect the structure and/or function of the 'connecting cilium' in photoreceptors. This structure corresponds to the transition zone of a prototypic cilium, a region with increasing relevance for ciliary homeostasis. The connecting cilium connects the inner and outer segments of the photoreceptor, mediating bi-directional transport of phototransducing proteins required for vision. In fact, the outer segment, connecting cilium and associated basal body, forms a highly specialized sensory cilium, fully dedicated to photoreception and subsequent signal transduction to the brain. At least 21 genes that encode ciliary proteins are implicated in non-syndromic retinal dystrophies such as cone dystrophy, cone-rod dystrophy, Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), macular degeneration or retinitis pigmentosa (RP). The generation and characterization of vertebrate retinal ciliopathy animal models have revealed insights into the molecular disease mechanism which are indispensable for the development and evaluation of therapeutic strategies. Gene augmentation therapy has proven to be safe and successful in restoring long-term sight in mice, dogs and humans suffering from LCA or RP. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the genes, mutations and modifier alleles involved in non-syndromic retinal ciliopathies, review the progress in dissecting the associated retinal disease mechanisms and evaluate gene augmentation approaches to antagonize retinal degeneration in these ciliopathies.
Ortaöğretimde Öğrenim Gören Öğrencilerin Boş Zaman Motivasyonlarının Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi (2018)

Bu calismanin amaci katilimcilarin bos zaman motivasyonunu; cinsiyet, okul turu ve sinif, degiskenleri acisindan incelemektir. Calismaya 691 ortaogretim ogrencisi gonullu olarak katilmistir. Arastirma verilerinin elde edilmesinde kisisel bilgi formu, Pelletier, Vallerand, Blais ve Briere tarafindan gelistirilen, Mutlu (2008) tarafindan gecerlik guvenirlik calismasi yapilarak Turkceye cevrilen “Bos Zaman Motivasyon Olcegi” kullanilmistir. Arastirmaya katilan katilimcilarin % 55,6’nin erkek (n=384), % 44,4’unun kadin(n=307) oldugu belirlenmistir. Calismada % 42,8 anadolu lisesi (n=296) % 36,9 meslek lisesi(n=255) ve % 20,3 spor lisesinde(n=140) egitim goren ortaogretim ogrencileri yer almistir. Veriler SPSS 24 paket programi kullanilarak istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmistir. Bos zaman motivasyon olcegi ve alt boyutlari ortalamalari demografik ozellikler acisindan ayri ayri incelenmistir. Arastirma sonucunda kadin katilimcilarin erkek katilimcilara oranla bos zaman motiasyonlarinin genel ortalamalarinda anlamli bir fark olmadigi gorulurken, lise turune bakildiginda Anadolu ve Meslek lisesine nazaran Spor lisesinin bos zaman motivasyon daha yuksek oldugu gorulmektedir.
Energy dependence of the neutron sensitivity of C-CO2, Mg-Ar and TE-TE ionisation chambers (1979)

The neutron sensitivity relative to 60Co of commercially available C--CO2, Mg--Ar and TE--TE ionisation chambers was measured as a function of energy from 1 to 44 MeV. The sensitivity function was obtained by the method of Kuchnir, Vyborny and Skaggs from differences in measurements made at two angles in mixed fields having an isotropic gamma-ray component. Such fields were produced by bombardment of a thick beryllium target with 16 and 28 MeV deuterons, 44 MeV 3He-ions and 35 and 46 MeV protons. The results show that the relative neutron sensitivity of the C--CO2 and Mg--Ar chambers increases continuously with energy, whereas that of the TE--TE chamber is relatively constant.
A new DNA-dependent ATPase from Escherichia coli. Purification and characterization of ATPase IV. (1984)

A new DNA-dependent ATPase named ATPase IV has been purified to apparent homogeneity from Escherichia coli as a by-product of DNA polymerase III purification. The enzyme has a specific activity of 360 mumol of ATP hydrolyzed per min/mg of protein. The purified enzyme exists as monomer with a molecular weight of 81,000. It sediments in a glycerol gradient as a single species of 4.5 S. The enzyme has considerable activity at 0 degree C and has a Q10 of 3.8. In the presence of a DNA effector and magnesium ion, the enzyme will hydrolyze ATP, dATP, GTP, or dGTP to a nucleoside diphosphate plus orthophosphate with a Km of 0.20, 0.50, 0.60, and 1.30 mM, respectively. The guanine nucleotides, however, are only 25-35% as effective as substrates compared with the adenine nucleotides. ATPase IV shows strong substrate inhibition by ATP, but not dATP, above 0.2 mM. The polynucleotide effector requirement can be satisfied by either single-stranded or double-stranded DNA. The enzyme binds the effector very tightly with a Km of 3 X 10(-8) M (nucleotide) for G4 DNA. The enzyme is inhibited by E. coli single-stranded DNA-binding protein, a variety of ATP analogues and N-ethylmaleimide. The relationship of ATPase IV to DNA polymerase III holoenzyme is discussed.
The therapeutic potential of regulated hypothermia (2001)

Reducing body temperature of rodents has been found to improve their survival to ischaemia, hypoxia, chemical toxicants, and many other types of insults. Larger species, including humans, may also benefit from a lower body temperature when recovering from CNS ischaemia and other traumatic insults. Rodents subjected to these insults undergo a regulated hypothermic response (that is, decrease in set point temperature) characterised by preference for cooler ambient temperatures, peripheral vasodilatation, and reduced metabolic rate. However, forced hypothermia (that is, body temperature forced below set point) is the only method used in the study and treatment of human pathological insults. The therapeutic efficacy of the hypothermic treatment is likely to be influenced by the nature of the reduction in body temperature (that is, forced versus regulated). Homeostatic mechanisms counter forced reductions in body temperature resulting in physiological stress and decreased efficacy of the hypothermic treatment. On the other hand, regulated hypothermia would seem to be the best means of achieving a therapeutic benefit because thermal homeostatic systems mediate a controlled reduction in core temperature.
Nephrotoxic effects of allopurinol in dinitrofluorobenzene-sensitized mice: comparative studies on TEI-6720. (1999)

Allopurinol is widely used and generally well-tolerated. However, when used in patients with renal insufficiency it may have life-threatening toxic effects known as allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome (AHS). We previously found that allopurinol increased ear swelling and mortality in a DNFB-induced contact hypersensitivity mouse model. In the present study, we investigated the toxic effect of allopurinol on DNFB-sensitized mice in order to clarify the mechanism responsible for the lethal effect of allopurinol. Allopurinol increased plasma GPT and GOT in DNFB-sensitized mice and markedly increased plasma creatinine and BUN. The increase in plasma GPT and GOT was moderate and declined time-dependently. In contrast, the increase in plasma creatinine and BUN was striking and continued until 18 hr after administration of allopurinol at 100 mg/kg/day. Although allopurinol increased GOT and GPT in DNFB-sensitized mice, no effect was observed in non-sensitized mice even at 100 mg/kg/day, indicating that allopurinol essentially has no toxic effect on the liver. A high dose of allopurinol induced renal impairment even in non-sensitized mice. These observations indicate that there is some biological interaction between allopurinol and DNFB, and suggest that allopurinol may modulate or enhance the inflammatory reactions induced by DNFB, and/or that DNFB may cause metabolic changes via inflammation, leading to the enhanced toxicity of allopurinol. In contrast, TEI-6720, a newly synthesized XOD/XDH inhibitor, had almost no effect on DNFB-sensitized mice. TEI-6720 at 1 mg/kg, in terms of hypouricemic effect, appeared to be more potent than allopurinol at 3 mg/kg. Therefore, the nephrotoxic effect of allopurinol observed in the present study may not be related to XOD/XDH inhibitory activity.