gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel methodology for the design of application-specific instruction-set processors (ASIPs) using a machine description language (2001)

The development of application-specific instruction-set processors (ASIP) is currently the exclusive domain of the semiconductor houses and core vendors. This is due to the fact that building such an architecture is a difficult task that requires expertise in different domains: application software development tools, processor hardware implementation, and system integration and verification. This paper presents a retargetable framework for ASIP design which is based on machine descriptions in the LISA language. From that, software development tools can be generated automatically including high-level language C compiler, assembler, linker, simulator, and debugger frontend. Moreover, for architecture implementation, synthesizable hardware description language code can be derived, which can then be processed by standard synthesis tools. Implementation results for a low-power ASIP for digital video broadcasting terrestrial acquisition and tracking algorithms designed with the presented methodology are given. To show the quality of the generated software development tools, they are compared in speed and functionality with commercially available tools of state-of-the-art digital signal processor and /spl mu/C architectures.
Activation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway by fMet-Leu-Phe in the Absence of Lyn and Tyrosine Phosphorylation of SHC in Transfected Cells (1996)

The chemotactic peptide f-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) stimulates leukocyte functions through binding and activation of a specific G-protein-coupled formyl peptide receptor (FPR). Recent studies have shown that stimulation of neutrophils with fMLP induces the activation of two members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) family, ERK1 and ERK2, through mechanisms that are not completely understood but may involve the phosphorylation of the adapter protein SHC by the Src-related kinase Lyn. In this study, transfected fibroblasts expressing the rabbit FPR were used to investigate further the role of Lyn and SHC phosphorylation in fMLP-stimulated MAP kinase activation. Stimulation of transfected cells with fMLP resulted in the time- and dose-dependent increase in tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of ERK1 and ERK2 and the activation of MEK, the MAP kinase/ERK kinase. The activation of both ERKs and MEK was inhibited by preincubation of the cells with pertussis toxin, indicating that activation was dependent upon a Gi/Go-like protein that couples to the receptor. Our data also show that, unlike neutrophils, FPR-transfected fibroblasts do not express the Src-related kinase Lyn. In the absence of Lyn, fMLP stimulation did not result in an increased tyrosine phosphorylation of the adapter protein SHC, whereas it was still able to induce MAP kinase activation. These data suggest that Lyn and SHC are not the only upstream signals for activation of the MAP kinase/ERK pathway by fMLP and demonstrate the potential application of the FPR-transfected cells for the delineation of additional signaling mechanisms stimulated by fMLP.
Effect of alcoholic extract of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) on testicular function in male rats. (2003)

The alcoholic extract of Maca activates onset ant progression of spermatogenesis at 48 mg/day or 96 mg/day in rats.
Evidence of DNA: protein interactions that mediate HSV-1 immediate early gene activation by VP16. (1988)

The viral genes first expressed upon lytic infection by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) encode the five immediate early (IE) proteins. IE gene expression is potently and specifically induced by a virion protein termed VP16. Previous studies have shown that the activating properties of VP16 are IE gene specific and mediated by upstream regulatory elements common to each IE gene. Paradoxically, however, VP16 does not appear to be a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein. To understand the specificity of VP16 activation, we identified the cis-regulatory sequences of an IE gene that mediate VP16 response. Two distinct DNA sequence motifs enable the ICP4 gene to respond to VP16. Biochemical fractionation of nuclear proteins from uninfected cells revealed the existence of cellular proteins that bind directly to each of these VP16 cis-response elements. These observations, in concert with the identification of functional domains of the VP16 protein, lead to the hypothesis that VP16 achieves activation specificity via protein: protein, rather than protein: DNA, interactions.
HPSm, a high performance restricted data flow architecture having minimal functionality (1986)

Our recent work in microarchitecture has identified a new model of execution, restricted data flow, in which data flow techniques are used to coordinate out-of-order execution of sequential instruction streams. We believe that the restricted data flow model has great potential for implementing very high performance computing engines. This paper defines a minimal functionality variant of our model, which we are calling HPSm. The instruction set, data path, timing and control of HPSm are all described. A simulator for HPSm has been written, and some of the Berkeley RISC benchmarks have been executed on the simulator. We report the measurements obtained from these benchmarks, along with the measurements obtained for the Berkeley RISC II. The results are encouraging.
Therapeutic targeting of 15-PGDH in murine pulmonary fibrosis (2020)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease characterized by interstitial remodeling and pulmonary dysfunction. The etiology of IPF is not completely understood but involves pathologic inflammation and subsequent failure to resolve fibrosis in response to epithelial injury. Treatments for IPF are limited to anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agents, which are only partially effective. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) disrupts TGFβ signaling and suppresses myofibroblast differentiation, however practical strategies to raise tissue PGE2 during IPF have been limited. We previously described the discovery of a small molecule, (+)SW033291, that binds with high affinity to the PGE2-degrading enzyme 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) and increases PGE2 levels. Here we evaluated pulmonary 15-PGDH expression and activity and tested whether pharmacologic 15-PGDH inhibition (PGDHi) is protective in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Long-term PGDHi was well-tolerated, reduced the severity of pulmonary fibrotic lesions and extracellular matrix remodeling, and improved pulmonary function in bleomycin-treated mice. Moreover, PGDHi attenuated both acute inflammation and weight loss, and decreased mortality. Endothelial cells and macrophages are likely targets as these cell types highly expressed 15-PGDH. In conclusion, PGDHi ameliorates inflammatory pathology and fibrosis in murine PF, and may have clinical utility to treat human disease.
Remodeling chromatin structures for transcription: What happens to the histones? (1996)

Activation of gene transcription in vivo is accompanied by an alteration of chromatin structure. The specific binding of transcriptional activators disrupts nucleosomal arrays, suggesting that the primary steps leading to transcriptional initiation involve interactions between activators and chromatin. The affinity of transcription factors for nucleosomal DNA is determined by the location of recognition sequences within nucleosomes, and by the cooperative interactions of multiple proteins targeting binding sites contained within the same nucleosomes. In addition, two distinct types of enzymatic complexes facilitate binding of transcription factors to nucleosomal DNA. These include type A histone acetyltransferases (e.g. GCN5/ADA transcriptional adaptor complex) and ATP-driven molecular machines that disrupt histone-DNA interactions (e.g. SWI/SNF and NURF complexes). These observations raise the important question of what happens to the histones during chromatin remodeling. We discuss evidence supporting the retention of histones at transcription factor-bound sequences as well as two alternative pathways of histone loss from gene control elements upon transcription factor binding: histone octamer sliding and histone dissociation.
Ultrafast heating of silicon on sapphire by femtosecond optical pulses (1986)

We monitor the refractive index n+ik of an optically thin silicon layer following femtosecond photoexcitation below the threshold fluence ${\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{th}}$ for melting, in order to measure the rate of lattice temperature rise. We find that most of the heating is delayed with respect to the photoexcitation, but becomes faster as ${\mathrm{E}}_{\mathrm{th}}$ is approached. A model based on delayed Auger heating is presented.
Bacterial glutathione: a sacrificial defense against chlorine compounds (1996)

Aerobic organisms possess a number of often overlapping and well-characterized defenses against common oxidants such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. However, much less is known of mechanisms of defense against halogens such as chlorine compounds. Although chlorine-based oxidants may oxidize a number of cellular components, sulfhydrl groups are particularly reactive. We have, therefore, assessed the importance of intracellular glutathione in protection of Escherichia coli cells against hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorous acid, and chloramines. Employing a glutathione-deficient E. coli strain (JTG10) and an otherwise isogenic glutathione-sufficient E. coli strain (AB1157), we find that glutathione-deficient organisms are approximately twice as sensitive to killing by both hydrogen peroxide and chlorine compounds. However, the mode of protection by glutathione in these two cases appears to differ: exogenous glutathione added to glutathione-deficient E. coli in amounts equal to those which would be present in a similar suspension of the wild-type bacteria fully restored resistance of glutathione-deficient bacteria to chlorine-based oxidants but did not change resistance to hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, in protection against chlorine compounds, oxidized glutathione is almost as effective as reduced glutathione, implying that the tripeptide and/or oxidized thiol undergo further reactions with chlorine compounds. Indeed, in vitro, 1 mol of reduced glutathione will react with approximately 3.5 to 4.0 mol of hypochlorous acid. We conclude that glutathione defends E. coli cells against attack by chlorine compounds and hydrogen peroxide but, in the case of the halogen compounds, does so nonenzymatically and sacrificially.
Prognostic Index for Adult Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia in First Relapse (2005)

The prognostic index estimates the outcome of AML patients in first relapse using four commonly applied clinical parameters and might identify patients who are candidates for salvage and investigational therapy.
Epidermal growth factor inhibits cytoskeleton-related changes in the surface of parietal cells. (1981)

The effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on gastric acid secretion was correlated with the morphological changes of the apical pole of rat parietal cells studied by transmission electron microscopy. Gastric acid secretion was stimulated by histamine, carbachol, pentagastrin, and insulin-induced hypoglycemia, and estimated by continuous recording of pH variations of gastric luminal perfusate. EGF inhibits acid secretion in these conditions. The action of the hormone also results in the arrest or reversal of the changes in shape undergone by parietal cells as they go into secretion. In view of the evidence involving cytoskeletal elements in the generation of these structural alterations, our observations suggest that the action of EGF on gastric acid secretion may be a consequence of a general effect of this hormone on cytoskeletal function.
Managing Radiation Use in Medical Imaging: A Multifaceted Challenge (2010)

This special report aims to inform the medical community about the many challenges involved in managing radiation exposure in a way that maximizes the benefit-risk ratio. The report discusses the state of current knowledge and key questions in regard to sources of medical imaging radiation exposure, radiation risk estimation, dose reduction strategies, and regulatory options.
Design of recombinant antibody microarrays for urinary proteomics (2012)

We have demonstrated that crude, directly labeled urine samples could be profiled in a rapid, reproducible, sensitive, and multiplexed manner after minimal sample prehandling. These findings could potentially pave the way for enhanced urinary proteomics and understanding of renal physiology with implications in both health and disease.
Lipoxidation‐Derived Reactive Carbonyl Species as Potential Drug Targets in Preventing Protein Carbonylation and Related Cellular Dysfunction (2006)

Reactive carbonyl species generated by lipid peroxidation are involved in several human diseases and may represent a novel drug target. RCS therefore represent a new biological target for drug discovery. The reaction mechanisms and structural features characterising effective aldehyde-sequestering agents are highlighted, as are the fundamental biochemical and pharmacological screening tools to be applied in the development of RCS scavengers.
Laser therapy accelerates initial attachment and subsequent behaviour of human oral fibroblasts cultured on titanium implant material (2004)

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on attachment and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) cultured on titanium implant material. HGF were exposed to gallium-aluminum-arsenide diode laser at dosages of 1.5 or 3 J/cm(2) and then cultured on commercially pure titanium discs. Cell profile areas were measured after 1, 3 and 24 h, using scanning electron microscopy and an automatic image analyzer. The results were expressed as percentage of attachment. In order to investigate the effect of LLLT on cellular growth after 8 and 10 days, HGF were cultured on titanium discs for 24 h and then exposed to laser irradiation on 3 consecutive days. Colony-forming efficiency (CFE) and clonal growth rates (CGR) were measured. Cell viability was determined by Hoechst and prodidium iodide staining. Non-lased cultures served as controls. Morphologically, the cells spread well on all titanium surfaces, indicating good attachment by both irradiated and non-irradiated cells. Fibroblasts exposed to laser irradiation had significantly higher percentages of cell attachment than the non-exposed cells (P<0.05). CFE and CGR were also enhanced for the irradiated cells (P<0.05). Cell viability was high (>90%) in the irradiated and control groups, without significant differences. It is concluded that in vitro LLLT enhances the attachment and proliferation of HGF on titanium implant material.
Dispersion and Solubilization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with a Hyperbranched Polymer (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTDispersion and Solubilization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with a Hyperbranched PolymerAlexander Star and J. Fraser StoddartView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569 Cite this: Macromolecules 2002, 35, 19, 7516–7520Publication Date (Web):August 8, 2002Publication History Received18 March 2002Revised11 June 2002Published online8 August 2002Published inissue 1 September 2002https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0204150Copyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1497Altmetric-Citations162LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (117 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Carbon nanotubes,Dendrons,Nanotubes,Polymers,Solubilization Get e-Alerts
Improved Process for the Preparation of Nucleosidic Phosphoramidites Using a Safer and Cheaper Activator (2000)

A new, simplified commercial process for the preparation of nucleosidic phosphoramidites, key raw materials for the automated solid-supported synthesis of oligonucleotide-based drugs, was developed. Phosphitylation of a variety of protected nucleosidic derivatives (1−4) with a small excess of 2-cyanoethyl-N,N,N‘,N‘-tetraisopropyl phosphoramidite (5, bis-reagent) and pyridinium trifluoroacetate (Py·TFA) as the activator in an appropriate solvent at room temperature formed 75−96% of desired nucleosidic phosphoramidite products in less than 2 h. An efficient nonaqueous work-up has been developed to further streamline the isolation of moisture-sensitive P(III) nucleosidic compounds. The key finding is the use of Py·TFA, which is effective, inexpensive, stable, less acidic (pKa 5.2) than 1H-tetrazole, nontoxic, safe, and highly soluble in organic solvents. The reaction mechanism for phosphitylation with Py·TFA as an activator has also been studied. An improved, robust, and versatile process for the preparation of nucleotide phosphoramidites under very concentrated reaction conditions was developed to support commercial manufacture of oligonucleotide-based drugs.
Map-Based Cloning of a Gene Controlling Omega-3 Fatty Acid Desaturation in Arabidopsis (1992)

A gene from the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana that encodes an omega-3 desaturase was cloned on the basis of the genetic map position of a mutation affecting membrane and storage lipid fatty acid composition. Yeast artificial chromosomes covering the genetic locus were identified and used to probe a seed complementary DNA library. A complementary DNA clone for the desaturase was identified and introduced into roots of both wild-type and mutant plants by Ti plasmid-mediated transformation. Transgenic tissues of both mutant and wild-type plants had significantly increased amounts of the fatty acid produced by this desaturase.
T‐cell responses to oligodendrocyte‐specific protein in multiple sclerosis (2001)

Oligodendrocyte-specific protein (OSP) is concentrated in CNS myelin and is a potential autoantigen in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). We performed proliferation assays with lymphocytes from MS patients and normal controls. OSP peptide-induced proliferation was common in relapsing-remitting MS and controls samples but was less pronounced in samples from secondary progressive MS subjects. These data demonstrate that OSP-reactive T cells are part of the normal immune repertoire and therefore have the potential to contribute to the pathogenesis of MS. Given the lack of specificity to MS, OSP-reactive T-cells are unlikely to be solely responsible for the disease process.
MURINE IL-2 SECRETING RECOMBINANT BACILLUS CALMETTE-GUÉRIN AUGMENTS MACROPHAGE-MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY AGAINST MURINE BLADDER CANCER MBT-2 (2000)

rBCG secreting IL-2 showed significant antitumor activity and cytokine production and this will be a promising agent for bladder cancer patient to reduce both clinical dose and side effects of BCG for immunotherapy.
Potential Clinical Utility of Serum HER-2/neu Oncoprotein Concentrations in Patients with Breast Cancer (2003)

The monitoring of circulating HER-2/neu ECD provides a tool for assessing prognosis, for predicting response to therapy, and for earlier detection of disease progression and timely intervention with appropriate therapy.
A General Strategy To Determine a Target DNA Sequence of a Short Peptide:  Application to a d-Peptide (2001)

Short peptides could potentially provide a novel element to read-out DNA sequences from the major groove. However, it is difficult to determine sequence-preference of de novo designed monomeric short peptides. Because DNS-binding affinity and specificity of short peptides are usually much lower than those of native DNA-binding proteins, determining the sequence-preference of short peptides by conventional methods utilized to deduce the target sequence of proteins often produces an unclear outcome. We report here a general strategy to defining the sequence-preference of a DNA-binding short peptide by using the heterodimers. A GCN4 basic region peptide tethers a low-affinity DNA-binding peptide adjacent to a GCN4 binding sequence through the cyclodextrin-adamantane association, thereby increasing local concentration of the low-affinity peptide on degenerated DNA sequences. An increase of the local concentration allows one to select a preferential sequence for the low-affinity DNA binding peptide. The method successfully identified specific sequences of short peptides derived from native DNA-binding proteins. The usefulness of this approach has been demonstrated by identifying preferred DNA targets for a peptide composed only of d-amino acids. The method is potentially applicable not only to artificial peptides, but also to other synthethic ligands.
[Artesunate suppresses human endometrial carcinoma RL95-2 cell proliferation by inducing cell apoptosis]. (2008)

Artesunate suppressed the proliferation of RL95-2 cells in vitro possibly by inducing cell apoptosis.
Shadow algorithms for computer graphics (1977)

Shadows are advocated for improved comprehension and enhanced realism in computer-synthesized images. A classification of shadow algorithms delineates three approaches: shadow computation during scanout; division of object surfaces into shadowed and unshadowed areas prior to removal of hidden surfaces; and inclusion of shadow volumes in the object data. The classes are related to existing shadow algorithms and implementations within each class are sketched. A brief comparison of the three approaches suggests that the last approach has the most appealing characteristics.
Comparative study of perceived pain and nociceptive flexion reflex in man (1977)

The purpose of this study was to compare the amplitude of the flexion reflex of the biceps femoris muscle (BF) with the intensity of the painful sensation elicited by a nociceptive stimulation resulting from application of constant-current either on the sural nerve or on the skin in its distal receptive field. Experiments were carried out on 15 normal volunteers. It was observed that: (1) Stimulation of the sural nerve (either on or through the skin) elicits two different reflex responses in the BF: the first (RII) is of short latency, low threshold and corresponds to a tactile reflex. The second (RIII) is of longer latency and higher threshold, and corresponds to a nociceptive reflex. The threshold of RIII was found to be the threshold of a pain sensation. (2) Stimulation of the skin elicits only a late nociceptive (RIII) response in the BF. The threshold of this response was also found to be that of pain. (3) The threshold of both pain and RIII were found to be higher for sural nerve stimulation (10 mA) than for cutaneous stimulation (5 mA). It was suggested that the large diameter cutaneous fibers could have an inhibitory effect of both pain and the nociceptive reflex. This was supported by the results obtained during a selective ischemic block of the largest diameter fibers in the sural nerve, when a 10 mA stimulation was applied to the nerve. In this case, a decrease of the RII reflex was observed in BF, together with an increase of both RIII and pain sensation. Functional implications of these results are discussed.