gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of Class II or III Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Protects Cultured Cortical Neurons Against Excitotoxic Degeneration (1995)

Trans-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, a mixed agonist of all metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) subtypes, is known to produce either neurotoxic or neuroprotective effects. We have therefore hypothesized that individual mGluR subtypes differentially affect neurodegenerative processes. Selective agonists of subtypes which belong to mGluR class II or III, such as (2S,1'R,2'R,3'R)-2-(2,3-dicarboxycyclopropyl)-glycine (DCG-IV) (specific for subtypes mGluR4, 6 or 7), were highly potent and efficacious in protecting cultured cortical neurons against toxicity induced by either a transient exposure to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) or a prolonged exposure to kainate. In contrast, agonists that preferentially activate class I mGluR subtypes (mGluR1 or 5), such as quisqualate or trans-azetidine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, were inactive. DCG-IV was still neuroprotective when applied to cultures after the toxic pulse with NMDA. This delayed rescue effect was associated with a reduction in the release of endogenous glutamate, a process that contributes to the maturation of neuronal damage. We conclude that agonists of class II or III mGluRs are of potential interest in the experimental therapy of acute or chronic neurodegenerative disorders.
Rat Mitogen-Stimulated Lymphokine-Activated T Killer Cells (1991)

An in vitro technique was developed to generate activated rat T cells, with antitumor activity. Splenic mononuclear cells (SMC) from outbred Wistar and inbred Wistar-Munich rats were stimulated with Concanavalin A and recombinant human interleukin-2 (rIL-2) in vitro for 48 h. After 2 days, the nonadherent cells began proliferating and were maintained in rIL-2 for up to 18 days in vitro. FACScan analysis revealed that SMC was a mixture of cell types; however, CD5+ T cells rapidly increased and became the predominant cell type after 5 days in culture. SMC induced cytolysis of YAC-1, but not C6 glioma cells in 4 h 51Cr release assays. In contrast, 5- and 9-day T cells lysed C6 glioma and YAC-1 cells. The C6 cells were admixed with cultured effector cells at various effector-to-target (E:T) ratios and were injected into the right cerebral hemisphere of Wistar and Wistar-Munich rats for a Winn assay. Histopathologic evaluations revealed that a) SMC had no effect; b) 2- and 5-day T cells, injected at E:T ratios greater than 5:1, caused significant reduction in tumor size; and c) 2- or 5-day T cells, at a 40:1 E:T ratio, resulted in little or no histologic evidence of tumor. Eighty-three percent of animals receiving C6 and 5-day mitogen-stimulated lymphokine activated killer cells at an E:T ratio of 40:1 were alive 120 days postinjection (p less than 0.05).
Vertical balun and Wilkinson divider (2003)

We report the development of a novel broadband 3D vertical balun exhibiting superior performance due to ground plane removal and unique 3D features. The balun offers /spl plusmn/5 degrees phase and /spl plusmn/0.5 dB amplitude imbalance, from 2.0-2.7 GHz. In addition, we present the performance of a 3D X-band 4-way Wilkinson divider.
Distinct but Spatially Overlapping Intestinal Niches for Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium and Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (2015)

Antibiotic resistance among enterococci and γ-proteobacteria is an increasing problem in healthcare settings. Dense colonization of the gut by antibiotic-resistant bacteria facilitates their spread between patients and also leads to bloodstream and other systemic infections. Antibiotic-mediated destruction of the intestinal microbiota and consequent loss of colonization resistance are critical factors leading to persistence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The mechanisms underlying microbiota-mediated colonization resistance remain incompletely defined and are likely distinct for different antibiotic-resistant bacterial species. It is unclear whether enterococci or γ-proteobacteria, upon expanding to high density in the gut, confer colonization resistance against competing bacterial species. Herein, we demonstrate that dense intestinal colonization with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) does not reduce in vivo growth of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Reciprocally, K. pneumoniae does not impair intestinal colonization by VRE. In contrast, transplantation of a diverse fecal microbiota eliminates both VRE and K. pneumoniae from the gut. Fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrates that VRE and K. pneumoniae localize to the same regions in the colon but differ with respect to stimulation and invasion of the colonic mucus layer. While VRE and K. pneumoniae occupy the same three-dimensional space within the gut lumen, their independent growth and persistence in the gut suggests that they reside in distinct niches that satisfy their specific in vivo metabolic needs.
Controlling the Actuation Rate of Low Density Shape Memory Polymer Foams in Water (2012)

Abstract not provided
Improvements in the Rearing Diet for Chrysopa carnea and the Amino Acid Requirements for Growth12 (1973)

Journal Article Improvements in the Rearing Diet for Chrysopa carnea and the Amino Acid Requirements for Growth Get access E. S. Vanderzant E. S. Vanderzant Cotton Insects Research Laboratory, Agric. Res. Serv., USDA, College Station, Texas 77840 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 66, Issue 2, 16 April 1973, Pages 336–338, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/66.2.336 Published: 16 April 1973 Article history Received: 11 September 1972 Published: 16 April 1973
Disposable air-bursting detonators as an alternative on-chip power source (2003)

A new concept of a disposable air-bursting detonator as an alternative on-chip power source has been proposed, designed, and successfully demonstrated for disposable lab-on-a-chips or biochips. In this new detonator, a microheater is positioned on the thermoplastic membrane attached over a pressurized chamber. By applying an electrical pulse into the microheater, the thermoplastic membrane can be broken and then the pressurized air will be detonated to drive liquid samples through microchannels. Both air pressure and detonating temperature are adjustable to obtain the desired driving pressure response. Dynamic pressure response of the fabricated air-bursting detonator has been simulated and experimentally characterized. Due to its compact structure and fast response, this detonator will be a promising alternative power source to drive fluid samples in disposable lab-on-a-chips or portable clinical diagnostic kits.
TECHNIQUE FOR REMOVAL OF VAGINAL MESH: A SHAVE ABOVE THE REST (2009)

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2009TECHNIQUE FOR REMOVAL OF VAGINAL MESH: A SHAVE ABOVE THE REST Sagar R Shah and Victor W Nitti Sagar R ShahSagar R Shah More articles by this author and Victor W NittiVictor W Nitti More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(09)62211-4AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "TECHNIQUE FOR REMOVAL OF VAGINAL MESH: A SHAVE ABOVE THE REST." The Journal of Urology, 181(4S), p. 794 © 2009 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 181Issue 4SApril 2009Page: 794 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2009 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Sagar R Shah More articles by this author Victor W Nitti More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
RNAi screen identifies MAPK14 as a druggable suppressor of human hematopoietic stem cell expansion (2012)

We report on a forward RNAi screen in primary human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, using pooled lentiviral shRNA libraries deconvoluted by next generation sequencing. We identify MAPK14/p38α as a modulator of ex vivo stem cell proliferation and show that pharmacologic inhibition of p38 dramatically enhances the stem cell activity of cultured umbilical cord blood derived hematopoietic cells. p38 inhibitors should thus be considered in strategies aiming at expanding stem cells for clinical benefit.
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Induces B Cell Survival by Activation of a CD74-CD44 Receptor Complex (2007)

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an upstream activator of innate immunity that regulates subsequent adaptive responses. It was previously shown that in macrophages, MIF binds to a complex of CD74 and CD44, resulting in initiation of a signaling pathway. In the current study, we investigated the role of MIF in B cell survival. We show that in B lymphocytes, MIF initiates a signaling cascade that involves Syk and Akt, leading to NF-kappaB activation, proliferation, and survival in a CD74- and CD44-dependent manner. Thus, MIF regulates the adaptive immune response by maintaining the mature B cell population.
<title>Universal descreening technique via wavelet analysis</title> (1997)

In this paper, a novel wavelet-based approach to recover continuous tone images from halftone images is presented. Wavelet decomposition of the halftone image facilitates a series of spatial and frequency selective processing to preserve most of the original image contents while eliminating the halftone noise. Furthermore, optional non- linear filtering can be applied as post-processing stage to create the final aesthetic contone image. This approach lends itself to practical applications since it is independent of parameter estimation and hence universal to all types of halftoned images, including those obtained by scanning printed halftones.
Study of Claudin Function by RNA Interference (2006)

Claudins are tight junction proteins that play a key selectivity role in the paracellular conductance of ions. Numerous studies of claudin function have been carried out using the overexpression strategy to add new claudin channels to an existing paracellular protein background. Here, we report the systematic knockdown of endogenous claudin gene expression in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and in LLC-PK1 cells using small interfering RNA against claudins 1-4 and 7. In MDCK cells (showing cation selectivity), claudins 2, 4, and 7 are powerful effectors of paracellular Na+ permeation. Removal of claudin-2 depressed the permeation of Na+ and resulted in the loss of cation selectivity. Loss of claudin-4 or -7 expression elevated the permeation of Na+ and enhanced the proclivity of the tight junction for cations. On the other hand, LLC-PK1 cells express little endogenous claudin-2 and show anion selectivity. In LLC-PK1 cells, claudin-4 and -7 are powerful effectors of paracellular Cl- permeation. Knockdown of claudin-4 or -7 expression depressed the permeation of Cl- and caused the tight junction to lose the anion selectivity. In conclusion, claudin-2 functions as a paracellular channel to Na+ to increase the cation selectivity of the tight junction; claudin-4 and -7 function either as paracellular barriers to Na+ or as paracellular channels to Cl-, depending upon the cellular background, to decrease the cation selectivity of the tight junction.
Bacterial Fruit Blotch of Watermelon: Association of the Pathogen with Seed (1992)

Bacterial fruit blotch, a recently described disease of watermelon, resulted in severe losses to Indiana watermelon growers in 1989. Strains of the pathogen recovered from symptomatic fruit and seedlings exhibited similar phenotypic characteristics. Seedling symptoms (water-soaked lesions becoming necrotic on cotyledons and true leaves) and fruit symptoms (large, watersoaked blotches on the exposed rind surface) were induced by strains from both sources. Seed transmission was demonstrated in both seed from symptomatic fruit and seed soaked in a suspension of the bacterium(.)
Authenticity and survival working with children in chaos (2003)

Abstract This article considers two kinds of clinical presentation involving chaotic aggression and destruction, when defences break down. The first set of case material is taken from art therapy work with a neglected and deprived child, traumatised through physical abuse, in a context of domestic violence. The second set of case material is taken from work with an entangled child on the autistic spectrum. It is primarily Tustin's ideas about entangled/confusional children that are used in this second example (Tustin, 1992). In treatment, the therapist needs to facilitate their becoming real in an authentic way and remain real to clients herself when under intense pressure. The word authentic is being used to describe the child within, who is hidden by a carapace of defence. Art therapy can offer an intermediary arena of potential containment if a transitional space can be established. Both chaos and the importance of the first image to emerge after such a stage will be considered.
CD20 (Pan-B Cell Antigen) Expression on Bone Marrow-Derived T Cells (1996)

Antibodies directed against CD20 (L26, Leu 16, and B1) are frequently used to determine the presence of B lymphocytes. However, recent publications describe the unexpected presence of CD20-positive T cells in the peripheral blood of normal subjects and occasional T-cell neoplasms that express CD20. To determine the presence of CD20-positive T cells in bone marrow, flow cytometric analysis was performed on 34 aspirate specimens (14 normal, 5 acute lymphoblastic lymphoma [ALL], 5 acute myelogenous leukemia [AML], 4 HIV positive, 2 myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative, 2 chronic myelogenous leukemia [CML], 1 chronic lymphocytic lymphoma [CLL], 1 multiple myeloma). A small population of cells coexpressing CD3 (Leu 4) and CD20dim (Leu 16) was identified in 94% of the specimens, representing 0% to 11% (mean 1.77%) of marrow mononuclear cells and 0% to 22.2% (mean 6.54%) of marrow lymphoid cells. There was no correlation between the percentage of CD20-positive T cells and the CD4:CD8 ratio, patient age, gender, or diagnosis. CD20dim positive cells included immature B cells and CD20-positive T cells. Although evaluation of CD20 expression is useful in delineating B-cell processes, caution should be exercised in interpreting its expression on bone marrow T-lymphoid cells. CD20 expression on T cells may be seen in either normal, reactive, or neoplastic processes.
Melanoma Cells Express ICOS Ligand to Promote the Activation and Expansion of T-Regulatory Cells (2010)

CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T-regulatory cells (Tregs) accumulate in tumors; however, little is known about how the tumor environment influences this process. Here we show that human melanomas express inducible T-cell costimulator ligand (ICOS-L/B7H) that can provide costimulation through ICOS for the expansion of activated Tregs maintaining high Foxp3 and CD25 expression as well as a suppressive function. Thus, ICOS-L expression by melanoma tumor cells may directly drive Treg activation and expansion in the tumor microenvironment as another mechanism of immune evasion.
Breath-by-Breath Measurements for the Analysis of Exogenous Glucose Oxidation During Intense Endurance Exercise Using [13C]-lsotopes (1996)

Up to now only the analysis of 13CO2 in separate breath-gas samples after administration of [13C]-labelled carbohydrates with intervals of several minutes in between has been available for analyses of the exogenous glucose oxidation during exercise. Our studies show the use of rapid respiratory mass spectrometry for breath-by-breath analysis to determine exogenous glucose utilization. Six male triathletes performed two exercise tests of 100-min duration each on a cycle ergometer. In both tests 5 min after the beginning of cycling glucose was administered. In test 1 30 g natural glucose was given, in test 2 a mixture of 1.5 g [13C1]-glucose and 28.5 g natural glucose. The work rate was regulated to keep constant 90% of the VO2 at the VO2 levelling off (VO2max) measured in a short ramp test. The resulting work rate was at 260.2 +/- 9.5 watts in test 1 and at 276.3 +/- 12.1 watts in test 2. Respiration gases and the end-tidal concentrations of 12CO2 (12C) and 13CO2 (13C) were calculated breath-by-breath online. The course of the ratio [13C/12C] reflects the course of exogenous glucose utilization. Onset of utilization was 10.5 +/- 5.5 min following oral administration. Maximum utilization was attained at 53.1 +/- 9.8 min with a maximal rate of oxidation of 0.36 +/- 0.05 g/min. The beginning of the energy supply of exogenous glucose could be determined quite soon after oral administration.
Insights from MHC‐Bound Peptides (2003)

Cytotoxic T cells recognize short antigenic peptides, the processing products of protein antigens, when they are bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Peptide binding to MHC molecules has been studied extensively in numerous laboratories, providing vast amounts of sequence and structure data that have been used as a rich source for bioinformatic research. MHC-bound peptides and their flanking sequences provide information about the sequence requirements of the different processing stages, in particular, the cleavage by the proteasome and the binding to MHC molecules. Elucidation of these sequence requirements sheds light on the evolutionary forces that have shaped and designed these peptides, and should lead to the development of an integrative predictive algorithm. Remarkably, the peptide sequence and structure data are also valuable for the study of biological questions that are apparently unrelated to cellular immunity, namely, sequence-structure relationship and genome annotation. Here we describe our computational analyses of MHC-bound peptides, applied to all these biological topics.
The 21-kDa protein is a transformation-sensitive metalloproteinase inhibitor of chicken fibroblasts. (1991)

We report the electrophoretic purification and characterization of the 21-kDa protein, an extracellular matrix component synthesized during the early stages of transformation of chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with Rous sarcoma virus (Blenis, J., and Hawkes, S. P. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 80, 770-774; Blenis, J., and Hawkes, S. P. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 11563-11570). The NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of the protein is greater than 60% identical to a consensus sequence of mammalian tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP). It shares several biochemical properties with other metalloproteinase inhibitors, including evidence of intrachain disulfide bonds and resistance to cleavage by trypsin. An electrophoretic assay employing a metal ion-dependent gelatinase from conditioned cell culture medium demonstrates inhibitor activity for purified 21-kDa protein. The 21-kDa protein is the major inhibitor in the extracellular matrix and appears unique in solubility properties among inhibitors with a TIMP-like sequence. Statistical analysis of amino acid composition data for these inhibitors defines two distinct groups (TIMP and TIMP-2) and supports a close relationship for the 21-kDa protein with the TIMP group. However, the apparent size and lack of glycosylation align it more closely with the TIMP-2 group of proteins. Therefore, it is possible that the 21-kDa protein is a variant of TIMP or, alternatively, represents a third protein within the metalloproteinase inhibitor family. This report provides the first evidence that avian metalloproteinase inhibitors are similar in sequence to their mammalian counterparts.
The Soybean Rhg1 Locus for Resistance to the Soybean Cyst Nematode Heterodera glycines Regulates the Expression of a Large Number of Stress- and Defense-Related Genes in Degenerating Feeding Cells (2011)

To gain new insights into the mechanism of soybean (Glycine max) resistance to the soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines), we compared gene expression profiles of developing syncytia in soybean near-isogenic lines differing at Rhg1 (for resistance to Heterodera glycines), a major quantitative trait locus for resistance, by coupling laser capture microdissection with microarray analysis. Gene expression profiling revealed that 1,447 genes were differentially expressed between the two lines. Of these, 241 (16.8%) were stress- and defense-related genes. Several stress-related genes were up-regulated in the resistant line, including those encoding homologs of enzymes that lead to increased levels of reactive oxygen species and proteins associated with the unfolded protein response. These results indicate that syncytia induced in the resistant line are undergoing severe oxidative stress and imbalanced endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, both of which likely contribute to the resistance reaction. Defense-related genes up-regulated within syncytia of the resistant line included those predominantly involved in apoptotic cell death, the plant hypersensitive response, and salicylic acid-mediated defense signaling; many of these genes were either partially suppressed or not induced to the same level by a virulent soybean cyst nematode population for successful nematode reproduction and development on the resistant line. Our study demonstrates that a network of molecular events take place during Rhg1-mediated resistance, leading to a highly complex defense response against a root pathogen.
Up-regulation of MET but not neural cell adhesion molecule expression by the PAX3-FKHR fusion protein in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. (1998)

The 2;13 chromosomal translocation in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma generates the chimeric protein PAX3-FKHR, which is a powerful transcriptional activator. We hypothesize that PAX3-FKHR regulates downstream effector genes involved in rhabdomyosarcoma tumorigenesis. We evaluated alterations in expression of MET and neural cell adhesion molecule that were proposed previously as downstream targets of wild-type PAX3. We used a myogenic tumor cell culture system and rhabdomyosarcoma tumor specimens to assess candidate gene expression in relationship to various PAX3-FKHR expression levels. We demonstrate that the expression of MET, but not neural cell adhesion molecule, correlates significantly with PAX3-FKHR expression. These findings indicate that MET, which encodes a receptor involved in growth and motility signaling, is a downstream target of PAX3-FKHR in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.
Air-cushion force sensitive probe for soft tissue investigation during minimally invasive surgery (2008)

This paper proposes a novel concept of developing an air-cushion force-sensitive indentation probe for rapidly locating abnormalities within soft tissue organs during minimally invasive surgery (MIS). This system comprises a sphere-tip optical-based force sensing device which employs a novel air-cushion technique to conduct continuous rolling indentation over the surface of soft tissue, such as internal organs. The concept and prototype described in the paper combines rapid acquisition of tissue resistant force with high maneuverability. The experimental results demonstrate that the probe has a good sensitivity to stiffness variation in viscoelastic materials, such as biological soft tissues. To visualize the stiffness variation across the tissue surface, the interaction forces acquired during rolling indentation can be integrated to generate spatio-mechanical stiffness images which can be used for tissue diagnosis. The laboratory experiments were conducted in a controlled environment using a soft-tissue substitute made of silicone with hard nodules embedded beneath the surface as well as porcine liver samples which prove the feasibility of the proposed concept. Results are presented.
Stupid robot tricks : a behavior-based distributed algorithm library for programming swarms of robots (2004)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2004.