gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preclinical Evaluation of Raman Nanoparticle Biodistribution for their Potential Use in Clinical Endoscopy Imaging (2011)

Raman imaging offers unsurpassed sensitivity and multiplexing capabilities. However, its limited depth of light penetration makes direct clinical translation challenging. Therefore, a more suitable way to harness its attributes in a clinical setting would be to couple Raman spectroscopy with endoscopy. The use of an accessory Raman endoscope in conjunction with topically administered tumor-targeting Raman nanoparticles during a routine colonoscopy could offer a new way to sensitively detect dysplastic lesions while circumventing Raman's limited depth of penetration and avoiding systemic toxicity. In this study, the natural biodistribution of gold surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoparticles is evaluated by radiolabeling them with (64) Cu and imaging their localization over time using micropositron emission tomography (PET). Mice are injected either intravenously (IV) or intrarectally (IR) with approximately 100 microcuries (μCi) (3.7 megabecquerel (MBq)) of (64) Cu-SERS nanoparticles and imaged with microPET at various time points post injection. Quantitative biodistribution data are obtained as % injected dose per gram (%ID g(-1)) from each organ, and the results correlate well with the corresponding microPET images, revealing that IV-injected mice have significantly higher uptake (p < 0.05) in the liver (5 h = 8.96% ID g(-1); 24 h = 8.27% ID g(-1)) than IR-injected mice (5 h = 0.09% ID g(-1); 24 h = 0.08% ID g(-1)). IR-injected mice show localized uptake in the large intestine (5 h = 10.37% ID g(-1); 24 h = 0.42% ID g(-1)) with minimal uptake in other organs. Raman imaging of excised tissues correlate well with biodistribution data. These results suggest that the topical application of SERS nanoparticles in the mouse colon appears to minimize their systemic distribution, thus avoiding potential toxicity and supporting the clinical translation of Raman spectroscopy as an endoscopic imaging tool.
CD36 in Myocytes Channels Fatty Acids to a Lipase-Accessible Triglyceride Pool That Is Related to Cell Lipid and Insulin Responsiveness (2004)

High levels of intramyocellular triglycerides are linked to insulin resistance and reflect conditions in which fatty acid uptake exceeds the myocyte oxidative capacity. CD36 facilitates fatty acid uptake by myocytes, and its level is increased in diabetic muscle. We examined whether high CD36 levels would increase lipid content and susceptibility of myocytes to fatty acid-induced insulin resistance. C2C12 myoblasts with stable fivefold overexpression of CD36 (+CD36) were generated and differentiated into myotubes. CD36 expression increased palmitate uptake, oxidation, and lipid incorporation but had no effect on cell triglyceride content. Importantly, glycerol release increased fourfold, indicating enhanced triglyceride turnover and suggesting that CD36 promotes futile cycling of fatty acids into triglyceride. When +CD36 myotubes were incubated with excess palmitate, CD36 enhancement of glycerol release was blunted, triglyceride content increased above wild-type cells, and insulin resistance of glucose metabolism was observed. In contrast to palmitate, oleate-treated +CD36 cells exhibited enhanced glycerol release and no alteration in triglyceride content or insulin responsiveness. Furthermore, increased expression of hormone-sensitive lipase was measured with CD36 expression and with oleate treatment. In conclusion, high futile cycling of fatty acids is important for maintaining low triglyceride content and insulin responsiveness of myocytes. The findings provide a new perspective related to the etiology of lipid accumulation and insulin resistance in myocytes.
Recognising Panoramas (2003)

The problem considered in this paper is the fully asutomaticconstruction of panoramas.Fundamentally, thisproblem requires recognition, as we need to know whichparts of the panorama join up.Previous approaches haveused human input or restrictions on the image sequencefor the matching step.In this work we use object recognitiontechniques based on invariant local features to selectmatchings images, and a probabilistic model for verification.Because of this our method is insensitive to the ordering, orientation, scale and illumination of the images.It is also insensitive to 'noise' images which are not partof the panorama at all, that is, it recognises panoramas.This suggests a useful application for photographers: thesystem takes as input the images on an entire flash card orfilm, recognises images that form part of a panorama, andstitches them with no user input whatsoever.
CXC CHEMOKINE SUPPRESSION OF POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES APOPTOSIS AND PRESERVATION OF FUNCTION IS OXIDATIVE STRESS INDEPENDENT (2000)

Interleukin 8 (IL-8) and growth-related oncogene alpha (Gro-alpha) delay neutrophil apoptosis, which is thought to be important for the resolution of inflammation. We hypothesized that (IL-8) and Gro-alpha interfere with extracellular death receptor signaling or intracellular caspase activation to suppress neutrophil apoptosis. In addition, we sought to determine if prolonged neutrophil half-life was associated with preservation of function. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were cultured with IL-8 or Gro-alpha (0-100 ng/mL) in normoxia or hypoxia, and the extent of apoptosis was assessed by histology and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). Subsequently, to determine the role of apoptotic-associated receptors, PMN were cultured with IL-8 and neutralizing monoclonal antibody to Fas (CD95), TNFR55, and TNFR75. To establish the effect of IL-8 or Gro-alpha on pro-apoptotic caspase activity, the cleavage of specific colorimetric substrates was assessed. Functional changes in PMN included the capacity to produce superoxide anion and phagocytosis of Escherichia coli. At the 100 ng/mL dose, the addition of IL-8 and Gro-alpha maximally suppressed PMN apoptosis from 54% (untreated) to 5% and 6%, respectively. The addition of neutralizing antibodies to Fas, TNFR55, or R75 caused no change in IL-8 suppression of apoptosis. Caspase 3 activity was markedly suppressed at 24 h by the inclusion of either IL-8 and Gro-alpha. IL-8 and Gro-alpha-stimulated PMN released more superoxide anion and had an increased phagocytic index vs. control PMN. IL-8 and Gro-alpha suppress neutrophil apoptosis to a similar level that is not influenced by oxygen tension at high doses. The effect of IL-8 and Gro-alpha does not depend on activation of the Fas, TNFR55, or R75 receptor pathways but involves suppression of caspase 3 activity. IL-8 or Gro-alpha extends the functional half-life of neutrophils and may explain their role in disease states such as acute respiratory distress syndrome.
POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE REPLACEMENT FOR LYE (SODIUM HYDROXIDE) IN TOMATO PEELING (2006)

Lye (sodium hydroxide [NaOH]) peeling is the most common method for peeling tomatoes in the Midwest U.S. With the rise in the cost of NaOH and the associated disposal problems, alternative methods for peeling need to be examined. Solutions of NaOH, potassium hydoxide (KOH) and calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH] 2 ) at different concentrations were compared to determine their efficacy as peeling agents. Ca(OH) 2 was ineffective as a peeling agent because of its low solubility. KOH produced peeling equivalent to NaOH, but at half the normality. A lower normality is needed because of the increased reactivity of KOH compared to NaOH. This is further demonstrated by the addition of salts to the solution. The use of KOH instead of NaOH may result in cost savings and decreased waste disposal problems.
THE HOST RANGE AND PLAQUE MORPHOLOGY OF RABBITPOX VIRUS (RPu+) AND ITS u MUTANTS ON CHICK FIBROBLAST, PK‐2a, AND L929 CELLS (1965)

Summary Rabbitpox virus (RP u +), 18 white pock ( u ) mutants derived from it and several strains of vaccinia virus were examined in respect to their cytopathology in chick embryo fibroblast cultures, and several continuous lines of mammalian cells; PK‐2a (pig kidney), L929 (mouse fibroblast), FAF (Chinese hamster fibroblast), AT (Chinese hamster, epithelial), KB (human epithelial), FL (human amnion) and Chang liver (human epithelial). The plaquing characteristics of the viruses, and the capacity to multiply exhibited by those which did not produce plaques, were investigated in chick fibroblast, PK‐2a, and L929 cells. Cytopathic changes were characterized by early toxic effects, cellular fusion, and progressive destruction of monolayers, the pattern of changes being a function of specific virus‐cell combinations. With input inocula of 1‐5 PFU per cell, most of the virus strains and mutants produced toxic changes in most of the epithelial type cells (PK‐2a, FL, Chang liver) but not in the fibroblastic cells, and to a very slight degree in KB cells. Three mutants which failed to multiply in PK‐2a cells nevertheless produced moderate toxic changes in them. Pronounced fusion of cells was produced in the epithelial type cells, but not in fibroblastic cells, by most of the viruses which multiplied in them, but not by mutants which failed to multiply. All the mutants produced plaques on chick embryo fibroblasts, and these could be distinguished as turbid or clear, and differed in size and in cultural requirements for maximal plating efficiency. A standard plaque assay method is described which gives good plaques with the majority of mutants. Conditions for optimal plaque assays on PK‐2a and L929 cells are also described, and several distinctive plaque types were recognized. Some mutants failed to produce plaques on PK‐2a or L929 cells, and in all cases except one this was shown to be due to their failure to multiply in the cells concerned.
Serial salivary estriol to detect an increased risk of preterm birth (2000)

Elevated salivary E3 is associated with increased risk of preterm birth in asymptomatic women and symptomatic women who present for evaluation of preterm labor.
Ribbon-growth-on-substrate: Progress in high-speed crystalline silicon wafer manufacturing (2003)

The ribbon-growth-on-substrate (RGS) silicon wafer manufacturing technology is the most promising highspeed wafer production technique under development at the moment. It has the promise to lead to a manufacturing technology, which allows silicon wafer manufacturing at the 25 MWp/a to 50 MWp/a level. A future development of this technology in the areas, RGS machine prototyping, wafer quality improvement and solar cell process optimization should lead to a commercialization of this technology in 2005. In the following a status of the RGS technology today and the most probable road ahead is outlined.
Early Administration of Remdesivir and Intensive Care Unit Admission in Hospitalized Pregnant Individuals With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2022)

Remdesivir has been shown to shorten the time to recovery in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Data on its use in pregnancy are limited. In this single-center retrospective cohort study, our objective was to determine whether early remdesivir use in pregnant individuals is associated with decreased risk of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Forty-one pregnant patients were included in this study, and outcomes were compared between those who received remdesivir less than 7 days (early group) and 7 or more days (late group) from onset of patient-reported symptoms. Early remdesivir administration was associated with improved clinical outcomes, including lower rates of ICU admission, decreased length of hospitalization, and decreased progression to critical disease in pregnant individuals hospitalized with COVID-19.
Nicotinic receptor mechanisms and cognition in normal states and neuropsychiatric disorders (2004)

Cigarette smoking rates in the American population are approximately 23%, whereas rates of smoking in clinical and population studies of individuals with neuropsychiatric disorders are typically two- to four-fold higher. Studies conducted in a variety of neuropsychiatric populations [e.g. attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia] have collectively suggested that nicotine may be efficacious in remediating selected cognitive deficits associated with these disorders, thus providing a framework for understanding the specific vulnerability of these patients to smoking initiation and maintenance. However, the specific gain in cognitive performance produced by nicotine administration in healthy subjects with normal cognitive function is less clear. This article reviews our current understanding of central nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRs) systems in normal and neuropsychiatric disease states and, specifically, their role with respect to cognitive dysfunction and clinical symptoms in several specific neuropsychiatric populations, including ADHD, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Tourette's Disorder, schizophrenia and affective disorders. The potential benefits of nicotinic agents for therapeutic use in neuropsychiatric disorders is discussed, as well as directions for further research in this area.
Pneumostasis of experimental air leaks with a new photopolymerized synthetic tissue sealant. (1997)

Air leak is a major contributor to increased length of stay and postoperative morbidity following pulmonary surgery. The effectiveness of a new photopolymerized synthetic hydrogel (FocalSeal, Focal, Inc., Lexington, MA) as a sealant for pulmonary air leaks was determined in 10 mongrel dogs (20-35 kg). The animals were anesthetized and underwent left-sided anterolateral thoracotomy with amputation of a 2 x 3-cm segment of the lung apex. Hemostasis was achieved and terminal bronchial openings of 1.5 to 3 mm with vigorous air leaks were identified. After successful injury, the dogs were randomly assigned to sealant (n = 5) or control (n = 5) groups. In treated animals, the sealant was applied by brushing the solution to the cut parenchymal surface and solidified while briefly interrupting ventilation (40-60 seconds) using visible illumination (450-550 nm) from a xenon light source. Controls received no sealant. A single chest tube was maintained at the injury site with a continuous negative pressure of 20 cm of water. All dogs were extubated and allowed to breathe spontaneously under sedation for 24 hours. Chest radiographs were taken postsurgery and presacrifice. All control animals (n = 5) showed persistent vigorous air leak for the duration of the 24-hour observation period. All treated air leaks resolved immediately, and four of five remained sealed throughout the observation period. One leak reappeared after 17 hours due to inadequate sealant thickness over a 3-mm terminal bronchus. Gross evaluation of the treatment group at the end of 24 hours demonstrated intact sealant well adherent to the parenchyma. No evidence of atelectasis or excessive edema was seen, and no sealant-related complications or toxic effects were noted. Radiologically, lungs were fully inflated. Histologic evaluation at 24 hours revealed no evidence of a strong cellular response to the synthetic sealant, and no fibrosis or adhesions were seen, the onset of the healing process was favorable, indicating good biocompatability. In conclusion, this material was found to be an effective means for sealing bronchial and parenchymal air leaks in this model and warrants clinical evaluation.
Cryo-electron microscopy studies of empty capsids of human parvovirus B19 complexed with its cellular receptor. (1996)

The three-dimensional structures of human parvovirus B19 VP2 capsids, alone and complexed with its cellular receptor, globoside, have been determined to 26 resolution. The B19 capsid structure, reconstructed from cryo-electron micrographs of vitrified specimens, has depressions on the icosahedral 2-fold and 3-fold axes, as well as a canyon-like region around the 5-fold axes. Similar results had previously been found in an 8 angstrom resolution map derived from x-ray diffraction data. Other parvoviral structures have a cylindrical channel along the 5-fold icosahedral axes, whereas density covers the 5-fold axes in B19. The glycolipid receptor molecules bind into the depressions on the 3-fold axes of the B19:globoside complex. A model of the tetrasaccharide component of globoside, organized as a trimeric fiber, fits well into the difference density representing the globoside receptor. Escape mutations to neutralizing antibodies map onto th capsid surface at regions immediately surrounding the globoside attachment sites. The proximity of the antigenic epitopes to the receptor site suggests that neutralization of virus infectivity is caused by preventing attachment of viruses to cells.
Effect of plant age on flower induction in pineapple cv. kew (1993)

Forcing at later stages (390–420 days) showed higher number of slip formation per plant and delayed the days required for flower emergence. Application of ethrel pt 390 days after planting showed maximum percentage (74.3 per cent) of plants to flower and yield/hectare (79.7 tonnes). The juice content of fruit showed no remarkable variation due to different time of application but the total soluble solids and total sugar content of fruit were found higher when forcing was done between 375 and 420 days after planting. It was concluded that for flower induction, ethrel should be applied between 390 and 420 days after planting when the plants had 43.7–46.2 leaves.
Alteration ofAKAP220, an upstream component of the Rb pathway, in oral carcinogenesis (2005)

Few genes have been implicated in the development of oral cancer. In our study, we identified a novel gene in the Rb pathway that is frequently altered and overexpressed in oral tumors. Significantly, the alteration is also associated with early oral premalignant lesions (OPLs). This region was identified through a genomewide scan using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR of 40 microdissected oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Recurrent gain of a approximately 400 bp signal was observed in multiple patients. This gain was localized to 13q14.11, a region frequently altered in multiple cancer types. Through microsatellite analysis, a 1.9 Mbp minimal region of alteration (MRA) was defined between D13S263 and D13S1227. Allelic imbalance (AI) in the MRA was present in only 28% of low-grade dysplasia, but strikingly increased with progression to 64% in high-grade dysplasia, plateauing at 61% in tumors, thus implicating this alteration in the early stages of disease development. Of the 3 genes residing within the MRA, Receptor Activator of NK-kappa-B Ligand (RANKL) and Diacylglycerol Kinase (DGKH) showed no change in expression levels in tumors compared to normal tissue. In contrast, 12 of 16 tumors showed significant overexpression of A-Kinase Anchoring Protein 220 (AKAP220). Since AKAP220 plays a role in regulating the Rb pathway, its dysregulation may contribute significantly to alterations in cell cycle regulation that facilitate progression of OPLs.
Characterization and Expression of a Human KCTD1 Gene Containing the BTB Domain, Which Mediates Transcriptional Repression and Homomeric Interactions (2008)

We identified potassium channel tetramerization domain-containing 1 (KCTD1) gene in a human brain cDNA library. Here, we report that the KCTD1 gene contains seven exons, encoding 257 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 29.4 kDa. Sequence alignments showed KCTD1 protein contains an N-terminal broad-complex, tramtrack, and bric-a-brac (BTB) domain. Northern blot analysis revealed that KCTD1 is expressed in the mammary gland, kidney, brain, and ovary compared to other tissues. Further, the subcellular localization results showed that KCTD1 is localized in the nuclei of HeLa and HBL100 cells. Reporter gene assays in HEK293FT and NIH3T3 cells further indicated that KCTD1 acts as a potent transcriptional repressor and inhibits the transcriptional activity via its BTB domain, though KCTD1 transcriptional repression is unaffected by the HDAC inhibitors, trichostatin A, and sodium butyrate. Finally, we found that the BTB domain of KCTD1 mediates homomeric protein-protein interactions by co-immunoprecipitation and GST pull-down assays. These data present the first characterization of human KCTD1 and suggest that KCTD1 is a nuclear protein that functions as a transcriptional repressor and mediates protein-protein interactions through a BTB domain.
Liver Acetyl‐Coenzyme‐A Carboxylase (1971)

The mechanism of the liver acetyl‐coenzyme‐A carboxylase reaction was studied by kinetic experiments. Studies on inhibition by kynurenate, a novel dead‐end inhibitor binding to the uncarboxylated form of the enzyme, as well as malonyl‐CoA‐[ 14 C]acetyl‐CoA exchange studies further substaintiated our previous conclusions that the reaction proceeds through the ordered bi‐bi uni‐uni ping‐pong mechanism, and that the site of action of citrate, an allosteric activator, lies predominantly on the carboxylated form of the enzyme. The complex patterns produced by malonyl‐CoA inhibition were accounted for by mixed product and dead‐end inhibition; malonyl‐CoA was found to form a dead‐end complex with the inactive (or less active) species of the carboxylated form of the enzyme. On the other hand, the dissociation constant of the uncarboxylated enzyme · citrate complex was estimated to be 3–14 μM in terms of [ 14 C]citrate binding, protection against avidin inactivation and shift in the protomer‐polymer equilibrium. This value is about 10 3 ‐fold smaller than the dissociation constant of the carboxylated enzyme · citrate complex found by kinetic studies, i.e. 3–6 μM, so that the effect of citrate on the uncarboxylated form of the enzyme does not manifest itself upon kinetic analysis of the carboxylase‐catalyzed reactions. These findings indicate that carboxylation of the biotinyl prosthetic group gives rise to a conformational change at the citrate site, resulting in a marked decrease in the affinity of the enzyme for the activator. This further supports our previously proposed concept that the main role of citrate in the carboxylase catalysis is to keep the carboxylated form of the enzyme in active conformation by shifting the equilibrium between the active and inactive (or less active) species of this enzyme form.
mecA Gene Is Widely Disseminated in Staphylococcus aureus Population (2002)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most important causes of hospital infections worldwide. High-level resistance to methicillin is caused by the mecA gene, which encodes an alternative penicillin-binding protein, PBP 2a. To determine the clonal relationships between methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and MRSA, we typed 1,069 S. aureus isolates (493 MSSA isolates and 576 MRSA isolates), collected mainly in North American and European hospitals between the 1960s and the year 2000, using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and ribotyping. Of 10 widespread S. aureus lineages recognized, 8 had corresponding mecA-positive strains. Multiresistant MRSA strains are found in hospitals worldwide, while unrelated and more susceptible strains represent less than 1% of the MRSA population. This supports the hypothesis that horizontal transfer plays an important role in the dissemination of the mecA gene in the S. aureus population.