gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control of ribonucleic acid function by oligonucleoside methylphosphonates (1985)

Oligodeoxyribonucleoside methylphosphonates contain nonionic 3'-5' linked methylphosphonate internucleotide bonds in place of the normal charged phosphodiester linkage of natural nucleic acids. These oligomers are resistant to nuclease hydrolysis, can pass through the membranes of mammalian cells in culture and can form stable hydrogen-bonded complexes with complementary nucleotide sequences of cellular RNAs such as mRNA. The oligomers are readily synthesized on insoluble polymer supports. Their chainlength and nucleotide sequence can be determined by chemical sequencing procedures. Oligonucleoside methylphosphonates which are complementary to the 5'-end, initiation codon region, or coding region of rabbit globin mRNA inhibit translation of the mRNA in rabbit reticulocyte lysates and globin synthesis in rabbit reticulocytes. This inhibition is due to the interaction of the oligomers with mRNA and the extent of inhibition is influenced by the secondary structure of the mRNA and the location of oligomer binding site on the mRNA. Oligomers complementary to the initiation codon regions of N, NS and G protein mRNAs of Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) inhibit virus protein synthesis in VSV-infected Mouse L-cells. These oligomers do not affect L-cell protein synthesis or growth. Virus protein synthesis and growth can also be selectively inhibited by oligonucleoside methylphosphonates which are complementary to the donor or acceptor splice junctions of virus pre mRNA. An oligomer complementary to the donor splice junction of SV40 large T antigen mRNA inhibits T-antigen synthesis in SV40-infected African green monkey kidney cells but does not inhibit overall cellular protein synthesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Immunochemical characterization of a protein associated with Mycobacterium leprae cell wall (1985)

A panel of nine monoclonal antibodies to Mycobacterium leprae were used to characterize a protein antigen of the bacillus. Two monoclonal antibodies (IVD8 and IIIE9) were specific for M. leprae and reacted with an epitope (CWPa) present on a protein molecule associated with the cell wall fraction of M. leprae. This protein, designated cell wall-associated protein (CWP), lost its immunoreactivity upon treatment with trypsin and had an apparent molecular weight of 65,000, though additional lower-molecular-weight forms of the protein were observed by immunoblotting. Four other cross-reactive epitopes (CWPb, CWPc, CWPd, and CWPe) were defined on the same molecule using seven independent monoclonal antibodies. Therefore, M. leprae possesses a trypsin-sensitive, heat-stable protein associated with the cell wall which contains at least one species-specific and four cross-reactive antigenic determinants.
Ventilator-associated pneumonia and mortality: The controversy continues* (2009)

Queen's University; Kingston, Ontario, Canada The author has not disclosed any potential conflicts of interest. *See also p. 2709.
Perspectives in Iron Metabolism (1982)

IN early times the earth had a reducing atmosphere, and an abundance of ferrous iron was present for incorporation into biologic molecules.1 Later, with an increase in atmospheric oxygen, iron existed largely in its less available ferric form,2 and special devices had to be developed by life forms for the acquisition of iron. Bacteria, for example, synthesize and excrete high-affinity chelating agents that extract otherwise unavailable iron from the surrounding environment.3 The roots of plants also secrete substances that augment iron absorption.4 In mammalian species a "shuttle" protein in the upper intestine — mucosal transferrin — appears to perform this . . .
Autocrine CSF-1R signaling drives mesothelioma chemoresistance via AKT activation (2014)

Clinical management of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is very challenging because of the uncommon resistance of this tumor to chemotherapy. We report here increased expression of macrophage colony-stimulating-factor-1-receptor (M-CSF/CSF-1R) mRNA in mesothelioma versus normal tissue specimens and demonstrate that CSF-1R expression identifies chemoresistant cells of mesothelial nature in both primary cultures and mesothelioma cell lines. By using RNAi or ligand trapping, we demonstrate that the chemoresistance properties of those cells depend on autocrine CSF-1R signaling. At the single-cell level, the isolated CSF-1R(pos) cells exhibit a complex repertoire of pluripotency, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and detoxifying factors, which define a clonogenic, chemoresistant, precursor-like cell sub-population. The simple activation of CSF-1R in untransformed mesothelial cells is sufficient to confer clonogenicity and resistance to pemetrexed, hallmarks of mesothelioma. In addition, this induced a gene expression profile highly mimicking that observed in the MPM cells endogenously expressing the receptor and the ligands, suggesting that CSF-1R expression is mainly responsible for the phenotype of the identified cell sub-populations. The survival of CSF1R(pos) cells requires active AKT (v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1) signaling, which contributed to increased levels of nuclear, transcriptionally competent β-catenin. Inhibition of AKT reduced the transcriptional activity of β-catenin-dependent reporters and sensitized the cells to senescence-induced clonogenic death after pemetrexed treatment. This work expands what is known on the non-macrophage functions of CSF-1R and its role in solid tumors, and suggests that CSF-1R signaling may have a critical pathogenic role in a prototypical, inflammation-related cancer such as MPM and therefore may represent a promising target for therapeutic intervention.
Exisulind and related compounds inhibit expression and function of the androgen receptor in human prostate cancer cells. (2003)

In recent studies, we found that sulindac sulfide (SS), exisulind, CP248, and CP461 induce growth inhibition and apoptosis in a series of human prostate cancer cell lines, irrespective of cyclooxygenase expression, p53 mutations, or bcl-2 overexpression. Exisulind also inhibited the growth of the androgen-dependent LNCaP human prostate cancer cell line when grown as a xenograft in nude mice. This study demonstrates that doses of these compounds that induce growth inhibition and apoptosis in LNCaP cells also cause decreased prostate-specific antigen (PSA) secretion and decreased cellular levels of PSA. These effects appear to be a result, at least in part, of inhibition of the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway because the treated cells also display decreases in the level of the AR protein and mRNA and inhibition of transcription of an AR promoter luciferase reporter in transient transfection assays. SS and exisulind were more effective in inhibiting the expression of PSA and the AR than CP248 or CP461, apparently because of differential effects of these compounds on specific transcription factors. These findings suggest that the growth inhibition by these compounds in human prostate cancer cells may be mediated, in part, by inhibition of AR signaling. Thus, these compounds may provide a novel approach to the prevention and treatment of human prostate cancer.
Dual gamma neutron detection with Cs 2 LiLaCl 6 (2009)

Some applications, particularly in homeland security, require detection of both neutron and gamma radiation. Typically, this is accomplished with a combination of two detectors registering neutrons and gammas separately. Recently, a new scintillator, Ce doped Cs<sub>2</sub>LiLaCl<sub>6</sub> (CLLC) that can provide detection of both has been investigated for gamma and neutron detection. This material is capable of providing very high energy resolution, as good as 3.4% at 662 keV (FWHM), which is better than that of NaI(Tl). Since it contains <sup>6</sup>Li, it can also detect thermal neutrons. In the energy spectra, the full energy thermal neutron peak appears near 3 GEE MeV. Thus very effective pulse height discrimination can be achieved with this material. The CLLC emission consists of two main components: Core-to-Valence Luminescence (CVL) spanning from 220 nm to 320 nm and Ce emission found in the range of 350 to 500 nm. The former emission is of particular interest since it appears only under gamma excitation. It is also very fast, decaying with a 2 ns time constant. This provides CLLC with different temporal responses under gamma and neutron excitation and it can be used for effective pulse shape discrimination.
Tradeoffs in transactional memory virtualization (2006)

For transactional memory (TM) to achieve widespread acceptance, transactions should not be limited to the physical resources of any specific hardware implementation. TM systems should guarantee correct execution even when transactions exceed scheduling quanta, overflow the capacity of hardware caches and physical memory, or include more independent nesting levels than what is supported in hardware. Existing proposals for TM virtualization are either incomplete or rely on complex hardware implementations, which are an overkill if virtualization is invoked infrequently in the common case.We present eXtended Transactional Memory (XTM), the first TM virtualization system that virtualizes all aspects of transactional execution (time, space, and nesting depth). XTM is implemented in software using virtual memory support. It operates at page granularity, using private copies of overflowed pages to buffer memory updates until the transaction commits and snapshots of pages to detect interference between transactions. We also describe two enhancements to XTM that use limited hardware support to address key performance bottlenecks.We compare XTM to hardwarebased virtualization using both real applications and synthetic microbenchmarks. We show that despite being software-based, XTM and its enhancements are competitive with hardware-based alternatives. Overall, we demonstrate that XTM provides a complete, flexible, and low-cost mechanism for practical TM virtualization.
Development and evaluation of an experimental vaccination program using a live avirulent Salmonella typhimurium strain to protect immunized chickens against challenge with homologous and heterologous Salmonella serotypes (1994)

A stable live avirulent, genetically modified delta cya delta crp Salmonella typhimurium vaccine strain, chi 3985, was used in several vaccination strategies to evaluate its use in the control of Salmonella infection in chickens. Oral vaccination of chickens at 1 and at 14 days of age with 10(8) CFU of chi 3985 protected against invasion of spleen, ovary, and bursa of Fabricius and colonization of the ileum and cecum in chickens challenged with 10(6) CFU of virulent homologous Salmonella strains from group B. Chickens challenged with heterologous Salmonella strains from groups C, D, and E were protected against visceral invasion of spleen and ovary, while invasion of the bursa of Fabricius and colonization of ileum and cecum was reduced in vaccinated chickens. Oral vaccination at 2 and at 4 weeks of age induced an excellent protection against challenge with virulent group B Salmonella serotypes and very good protection against challenge with group D or E Salmonella serotypes, while protection against challenge with group C Salmonella serotypes was marginal but significant. Vaccination at 2 and at 4 weeks of age also protected vaccinated chickens against challenge with 10(8) CFU of highly invasive S. typhimurium or S. enteritidis strains. The protection of chickens vaccinated with chi 3985 against challenge with homologous and heterologous Salmonella serotypes is outstanding, and the complete protection against ovarian invasion in chickens challenged with 10(8) CFU of highly invasive S. typhimurium or S. enteritidis strains suggests that vaccination of chickens with chi 3985 can complement the present hygiene- and sanitation-based Salmonella control measures. This paper reports a breakthrough in the use of live avirulent vaccine to control Salmonella carriers in chickens.
Boosting Cortical Activity at Beta-Band Frequencies Slows Movement in Humans (2009)

Neurons have a striking tendency to engage in oscillatory activities. One important type of oscillatory activity prevalent in the motor system occurs in the beta frequency band, at about 20 Hz. It is manifest during the maintenance of tonic contractions and is suppressed prior to and during voluntary movement. This and other correlative evidence suggests that beta activity might promote tonic contraction, while impairing motor processing related to new movements. Hence, bursts of beta activity in the cortex are associated with a strengthening of the motor effects of sensory feedback during tonic contraction and with reductions in the velocity of voluntary movements. Moreover, beta activity is increased when movement has to be resisted or voluntarily suppressed. Here we use imperceptible transcranial alternating-current stimulation to entrain cortical activity at 20 Hz in healthy subjects and show that this slows voluntary movement. The present findings are the first direct evidence of causality between any physiological oscillatory brain activity and concurrent motor behavior in the healthy human and help explain how the exaggerated beta activity found in Parkinson's disease can lead to motor slowing in this illness.
Microwave radio in the British Telecom access network (1989)

Describes new developments and new applications of microwave radio systems in the British Telecom access network. Working from the background of predominantly trunk use of microwave radio, the assets of radio pertinent to the junction and local networks are highlighted. For radio to enjoy general application in the access network, it must be both easy to use and cost effective compared to cable solutions. An example where both of these conditions are satisfied is the growing use of 18 GHz radio for MegaStream customer links. The author then looks at other potential applications of this type of point-to-point-link, revealing possibilities in the junction network for closing transmission rings and/or alternative routing, and as a local loop relief system. The possible use of multipoint radio systems in the local loop is examined and an overview of British Telecom's current technical and economic studies on the use of these systems is presented. Although presently available multipoint systems are not likely to find general use in local network modernization, the potential use as a rural overlay is exposed, and a design brief for an 'ideal' radio distribution system is discussed.<
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Analysis of Charge Photogeneration as a Key Determinant of Photocurrent Density in Polymer: Fullerene Solar Cells (2010)

Charge Photogeneration: The correlation between the efficiency of photogeneration of dissociated polarons and photocurrent densities for organic solar cells based on polymer:fullerene blend films is investigated. Optical assays of polaron yield measured in films without electrodes show a remarkably clear correlation with short circuit density and quantum yield measured in complete devices. For the blend films studied herein, the primary determinant of photocurrent generation is the efficiency of dissociation of photogenerated charges away from the polymer/fullerene interface and the primary loss pathway is geminate recombination.
Synthesis of 2-substituted-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones (1968)

Anthranilic acid (1 mol.) reacted in pyridine solution with benzoyl chloride (2 mol.) to give 2-phenyl-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one in high yield. With 1 mol. of benzoyl chloride, however, a mixture of benzoxazinone and N-benzoylanthranilic acid was obtained. The mechanism of the reaction has been investigated and various 2-substituted-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones have been prepared and their u.v. spectra recorded.
The 2-Hydroxycitronellols, Convenient Chirons for Natural Products Synthesis (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe 2-Hydroxycitronellols, Convenient Chirons for Natural Products SynthesisDouglass F. Taber and Jonathan B. HouzeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 14, 4004–4006Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00093a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00093a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1026Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Aerobiological Pathway of Microorganisms (1988)

Aerosol Physical Attributes Laboratory Techniques Aerosol Samplers Aerosol Monitoring Methods Aerosol Particle Sizing Biohazard Control Field Techniques Aerial Transport Take-off and Landing Relative Humidity and Temperature Oxygen The Open-air Factor Other Environmental Parameters Repair Infectivity Catastrophe Theory The Aerobiological Pathway in Practice.
A 16/6 idiotype—positive anti‐DNA antibody is encoded by a conserved VH gene with no somatic mutation (1988)

Recently, the heavy chain of 16/6 idiotype-positive human anti-DNA antibodies was found to be similar, but not identical, to the VH26 gene. We resequenced the VH26 gene and found that its coding sequence is actually identical to the complementary DNA sequence of the anti-DNA antibodies previously described. Together with the previous data, our findings demonstrate that some human autoantibodies are encoded directly by immunoglobulin V region genes, and that these V region genes are remarkably conserved in populations.
Cytogenetic analysis of unfertilized oocytes following intracytoplasmic sperm injection using spermatozoa from a globozoospermic man (1998)

A man with globozoospermia was treated in our in-vitro fertilization-intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) programme. In the treatment cycle, 24 oocytes were collected from his wife. All the oocytes were at metaphase II stage. The semen sample produced on the day had a normal sperm count, good motility, but with 100% globozoospermia. All oocytes were injected with randomly selected spermatozoa and of these, two oocytes showed two pronuclei and another contained a single pronucleus. The remainder were unfertilized. The normally fertilized oocytes (two pronuclear) cleaved to the four-cell stage and were transferred to the patient. At 48 h after ICSI, the 21 unfertilized oocytes were processed for cytogenetic analysis. All oocytes contained a haploid chromosome set. The only abnormality seen was a chromosome fragment in one metaphase. Eighteen oocytes contained decondensed sperm nuclei and of these, 14 nuclei were beginning to show signs of premature chromatin condensation (PCC) and the other four showed strong signs of PCC. Thus it appears that in some forms of globozoospermia, arrest of nuclear decondensation and/or PCC are another cause of fertilization failure. The most likely cause for this is the absence or down-regulation of spermatozoa associated activating factor in round-headed spermatozoa.
Multi-Target Tracking - Linking Identities using Bayesian Network Inference (2006)

Multi-target tracking requires locating the targets and labeling their identities. The latter is a challenge when many targets, with indistinct appearances, frequently occlude one another, as in football and surveillance tracking. We present an approach to solving this labeling problem. When isolated, a target can be tracked and its identity maintained. While, if targets interact this is not always the case. This paper assumes a track graph exists, denoting when targets are isolated and describing how they interact. Measures of similarity between isolated tracks are defined. The goal is to associate the identities of the isolated tracks, by exploiting the graph constraints and similarity measures. We formulate this as a Bayesian network inference problem, allowing us to use standard message propagation to find the most probable set of paths in an efficient way. The high complexity inevitable in large problems is gracefully reduced by removing dependency links between tracks. We apply the method to a 10 min sequence of an international football game and compare results to ground truth.
Syntheses and Anti‐inflammatory Activities of Substituted Arylamino‐(N′‐benzylidene)acetohydrazides and Derivatives (1984)

Abstract The substituted arylamino‐( N ′‐benzylidene)acetohydrazides 1–6 , substituted acetic acid arylamino‐( N ′‐benzyl)acetohydrazides 7–12 and N ‐(3‐chloro‐2‐oxo‐4‐phenylazetan‐1‐yl) (phenylamino)acetamides 13–16 , containing a β‐lactam ring were synthesized and studied for their anti‐inflammatory activities against carrageenin induced paw oedema in albino rats. Compound 7 was most active (30.6% at 50mg/kg p. o.) with minimum acute toxicity. All compounds showed a marked but variable (44–80%) inhibition of antiproteolytic activity.
Modulation of gene expression from the arabinose-inducible araBAD promoter (2002)

The arabinose-inducible P(BAD) promoter suffers from all-or-none gene expression in which cells harboring the natively controlled arabinose transport gene (araE) are either induced or uninduced, the relative fraction of which is controlled by the concentration of arabinose. The population-averaged variation in expression from P(BAD) as a function of inducer concentration is proportional to the percentage of cells that are fully induced (vs. uninduced) rather than the level of expression in individual cells. Because of its undesirable effects on the expression of heterologous genes, the all-or-none phenomenon was eliminated in Escherichia coli by expression of araE from arabinose-independent (either the Lactococcus lactis constitutive or IPTG-inducible lac) promoters. In these arabinose-transport engineered cells, variation in P(BAD) expression with arabinose concentration was a result of variation of the expression level in individual cells with all cells in the population having approximately the same induction level.
Collagen crosslinking with riboflavin and ultraviolet-A light in keratoconus: Long-term results (2008)

Despite the low number of patients with a follow-up longer than 3 years, results indicate long-term stabilization and improvement after collagen crosslinking. Thus, collagen crosslinking is an effective therapeutical option for progressive keratoconus.
Evaluation and comparison of two new prostate carcinoma markers: Free-prostate specific antigen and prostate specific membrane antigen (1996)

These data suggest that f-PSA values do not provide additional diagnostic benefit compared with total PSA in screening populations, in the presence of suspected cancer, postprostatectomy, or in metastatic disease. PSMA is of prognostic significance, especially in the presence of metastatic disease, and correlates well with the stage of disease in cancers detected in a screened population.