gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relationship between arterial pressure and pulse wave velocity using photoplethysmography during the post-exercise recovery period (2009)

Blood pressure is an important parameter for health assessment. Noninvasive continuous beat per beat blood pressure measurement is still a complicated and expensive procedure. There is a lack of agreement on the optimal blood pressure measurement technique. Potentially the most useful indirect parameter for blood pressure monitoring could be pulse wave velocity or the inverse – pulse transit time. The objectives of the study was to determine the relationship between blood pressure and pulse wave velocity under conditions when different cardiovascular parameters change independently but simultaneously with blood pressure and to clarify whether there is a difference in relationship between blood pressure and pulse wave velocity measured by two different methods in different vascular beds. We determined the relationship between arterial blood pressure (systolic, mean) and the pulse wave velocity from 20 healthy volunteers during a post-exercise recovery period after a load cycling test. A significant correlation (p < 0.05) and regression (p < 0.001) between arterial pressure and pulse wave velocity was obtained. Pulse wave velocity measurement measured in different vascular beds showed no impact on correlation of arterial blood pressure and pulse wave velocity. The average difference between measured and calculated arterial blood pressure values did not exceed 10 mm Hg.
Comparison of bacterial diversity along the human intestinal tract by direct cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes (2005)

Bacterial diversity of the mucosal biopsies from human jejunum, distal ileum, ascending colon and rectum were compared by analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA clone libraries. A total of 347 clones from the mucosal biopsies were partially sequenced and assigned to six phylogenetic phyla of the domain Bacteria: Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Actinobacteria. The jejunum sample had least microbial diversity compared to the other samples and a trend towards highest diversity in ascending colon was observed. The clone libraries of distal ileum, ascending colon and rectum were not significantly different from each other (P>0.0043), but they differed significantly from the jejunum library (P=0.001). The population of sequences retrieved from jejunal biopsies was dominated by sequences closely related to Streptococcus (67%), while the population of sequences derived from distal ileum, ascending colon and rectum were dominated by sequences affiliated with Bacteroidetes (27-49%), and Clostridium clusters XIVa (20-34%) and IV (7-13%). The results indicate that the microbial community in jejunum is different from those in distal ileum, ascending colon and rectum, and that the major phylogenetic groups are similar from distal ileum to rectum.
Gliomas display a microRNA expression profile reminiscent of neural precursor cells (2010)

Gliomas express many genes that play a role in neural precursor cells (NPCs), but no direct comparison between glioma and stem cell (SC) gene expression profiles has been performed. To investigate the similarities and differences between gliomas and SCs, we compared the microRNA (miRNA) expression signatures of glial tumors, embryonic SCs (ESCs), NPCs, and normal adult brains from both human and mouse tissues. We demonstrated that both human gliomas (regardless of their grade) and methylcholanthrene-induced mouse glioma shared an miRNA expression profile that is reminiscent of NPCs. About half of the miRNAs expressed in the shared profile clustered in seven genomic regions susceptible to genetic/epigenetic alterations in various cancers. These clusters comprised the miR17 family, mir183-182, and the SC-specific clusters mir367-302 and mir371-373, which are upregulated in gliomas, ESCs, and NPCs. The bipartite cluster of 7 + 46 miRNAs on chromosome 14q32.31, which might represent the largest tumor suppressor miRNA cluster, was downregulated in the shared expression profile. This study provides the first evidence for association between these clusters and gliomas. Despite the broad similarity in the miRNA expression profiles, 15 miRNAs showed disparate expression between SC and gliomas. Ten miRNAs belong to the 2 SC-specific clusters and the remaining (mir135b, mir141, mir205, mir200C, and mir301a) have been previously shown to associate with malignancies. Our finding showed that all gliomas displayed NPC-like miRNA signatures, which may have implications for studies of glioma origins. Furthermore, careful study of the 15 miRNAs that differ in expression between SCs and gliomas, particularly those 5 that are not SC-specific, may enhance our understanding of gliomagenesis.
Monitoring Bulk Tank Somatic Cell Counts by a Multi-Process Kalman Filter (1993)

Abstract High amounts of somatic cells in bulk tank milk from dairy herds indicate poor milk quality and low health status. Bulk tank somatic cell counts (BTSCC) are therefore regularly used to encourage good milk quality through price penalties and to detect mastitis problems in the dairy herd. The use of BTSCC for monitoring is complicated by variation and outliers in the data that may mask the changes that should be detected. The Kalman filter, a recursive algorithm for making short-term predictions, is suggested to reduce the noise in BTSCC data. A multi-process Kalman filter with three components applying to (1) normal variation in the data, (2) outliers and (3) abrupt changes in the level of the data is described with updating equations and an example. Retrospective smoothing of the data is also described. A graphical presentation with the smoothed level of historical BTSCC data and forecasted future BTSCC values, both with confidence intervals, is suggested for monitoring purposes. Key Words: dairy herdmilk qualityshort-term predictionsKalman filter
Bacteria as Biogenic Sources of Freezing Nuclei (1978)

Bacteria which produce freezing nuclei active at temperatures warmer than −10°C have been isolated from leaves, water and snow. Those which produce freezing nuclei active at the warmest temperatures include strains of P. fluorescens and P. syringae. Only cultures of P. fluorescens were shown to be active in a cloud simulator. Activities as high as one freezing nucleus per bacterial cell were observed, while activities of one nucleus per 20–100 cells were more common. The nucleating activity appears to be associated with the cell wall or cell wall fragments of the bacteria.
Product development issues for PEGylated proteins (2010)

Covalent attachment of poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) groups to proteins, a process commonly called PEGylation, is often used to improve the performance of a protein in vivo. To date, at least eight such PEGylated peptide and protein conjugates have been approved as therapeutic agents and many more have undergone clinical trials. This review examines PEGylation from the perspective of developing a commercially viable drug product. The first section focuses on obtaining a pure and well-characterized drug substance. The latter section discusses formulation and manufacturing issues, with an emphasis on analytical methodology that provides the most detailed description of the purity and stability of PEGylated proteins.
Photoinactivation and photoaffinity labeling of tryptophan synthase .alpha.2.beta.2 complex by the product analog 6-azido-L-tryptophan (1985)

The photoaffinity reagent 6-azido-L-tryptophan was synthesized by chemical methods. It binds reversibly in the dark to the alpha 2 beta 2 complex of tryptophan synthase of Escherichia coli and forms a quinonoid intermediate with enzyme-bound pyridoxal phosphate (lambda max = 476 nm). The absorbance of this chromophore has been used for spectrophotometric titrations to determine the binding of 6-azido-L-tryptophan (the half-saturation value [S]0.5 = 6.3 microM). Photolysis of the quinonoid form of the alpha 2 beta 2 complex results in time-dependent inactivation of the beta 2 subunit but not of the alpha subunit. The extent of photoinactivation is directly proportional to the absorbance at 476 nm of the quinonoid intermediate prior to photolysis. The substrate L-serine is a competitive inhibitor of 6-azido-L-tryptophan binding and photoinactivation. The competitive inhibitors L-tryptophan, D-tryptophan, and oxindolyl-L-alanine also protect against photoinactivation. The results demonstrate that 6-azido-L-tryptophan is a quasi-substrate for the alpha 2 beta 2 complex of tryptophan synthase and that photolysis of the enzyme-quasi-substrate quinonoid intermediate results in photoinactivation. The modified alpha 2 beta 2 complex retains its ability to bind pyridoxal phosphate and to cleave indole-3-glycerol phosphate, a reaction catalyzed by the alpha subunit. 6-Azido-L-tryptophan (side-chain 1,2,3-14C3 labeled) was synthesized enzymatically from 6-azidoindole and uniformly labeled L-[14C]serine by the alpha 2 beta 2 complex of tryptophan synthase on a preparative scale and has been isolated. Incorporation of 14C label from 6-azido-L-[14C]tryptophan is stoichiometric with inactivation. Our finding that most of the incorporated 14C label is bound in an unstable linkage suggests that an active site carboxyl residue is the major site of photoaffinity labeling by 6-azido-L-tryptophan.
Six-Day Randomized Safety Trial of Intravaginal Lime Juice (2008)

The brief reduction in pH after vaginal lime juice application is unlikely to be virucidal in the presence of semen. Lime juice is unlikely to protect against HIV and may actually be harmful.
Oral l -Arginine in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease on Medical Management (2000)

Oral L-arginine therapy does not improve NO bioavailability in CAD patients on appropriate medical management and thus may not benefit this group of patients.
Electrical and magnetic stimulation of the intercostal nerves: a comparative study. (1998)

The present study was performed in order to re-evaluate a previous report on motor nerve conduction measurement of the intercostal nerves (IN) by electrical stimulation (ES). In addition, it was aimed to compare ES with magnetic stimulation (MS). The 7th to 9th IN were investigated in 50 healthy volunteers, aged 20 to 80 years (mean age 35 +/- 16 years). The recording electrodes were placed over the cranial part of the rectus abdominal muscle. Stimulation was performed paravertebrally, and at a distance of 10 cm between stimulating and recording electrodes. The mean distal motor latency was slightly, but significantly longer after ES than MS (2.5 +/- 0.4 ms and 2.7 +/- 0.3 ms, respectively, p < 0.01). ES and MS resulted in similar mean motor nerve conduction velocities (NCV; 77 +/- 10 m/s and 79 +/- 10 m/s, respectively; p = 0.2). The amplitudes of the compound motor action potentials (CMAP) after distal stimulation versus proximal stimulation were significantly different in ES (2.5 vs. 1.9 mV; p < 0.01) and MS (3.6 vs. 1.6 mV; p < 0.001, resp.). In one subject, neither distal nor proximal ES evoked a CMAP. In eight subjects, proximal ES failed to elicit a CMAP. In all subjects, distal MS resulted in a visible CMAP, whereas in two subjects proximal MS was unsuccessful. Thus, MS proved to be significantly more effective in eliciting a CMAP (p < 0.05). Moreover, MS was agreed to be less unpleasant than ES. In summary, MS facilitates nerve conduction studies of the IN and is superior to ES regarding performance and acceptance.
Handbook of Adhesives and Sealants (1999)

Introduction to adhesives and sealants theories designing with adhesives and sealants quality control and non-destructive tests surface preparation types of adhesives types of sealants methods for bonding plastics other than adhesives specific applications effect of environment application and processing requirements appendices - nomenclature, standards and specifications, surface preparation methods for plastics and composites, surface preparation methods for elastomers, surface preparation methods for metals, other surface preparation methods, major adhesive and sealant suppliers, major equipment suppliers, major sources for consultation, analysis and testing.
[Epidemiology and surveillance programs on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Mainland China, 2005 - 2008]. (2010)

The continuous descending trend of the HFRS epidemics could be related to the successful strategies on comprehensive prevention and control measures, as controlling the number of rodents and vectors, carrying out HFRS vaccination campaign and health education by the local health care takers in the recent years. Implementation of the new national Expanded Program of Immunization on HFRS vaccine in high-risk areas may further reduce the epidemics. However, both the density and the virus carried rate among the host animals remain high in some areas, together with the emergence of new epidemic areas, all call for more attention to be paid on the disease.
Progress in DNA‐based heterologous prime‐boost immunization strategies for malaria (2004)

An effective vaccine against malaria is urgently required to relieve the immense human suffering and mortality caused by this parasite. A successful subunit vaccine against the liver stage of malaria will require the induction of high levels of protective T cells. Despite success in small animal models, DNA vaccines fail to induce strong cellular immune responses in humans. However, DNA vaccines can induce a T-cell response that can be strongly boosted by recombinant viral vectors. We have evaluated this heterologous prime-boost approach using the Plasmodium berghei mouse model for immunogenicity and protective efficacy against malaria challenge using combinations of plasmid DNA, recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara, fowlpox virus, and non-replicating adenovirus. We have proceeded to test immunogenicity and efficacy of successful heterologous prime-boost vaccines in phase I/IIa trials in malaria naïve subjects in the UK and in semi-immune individuals in The Gambia. In these clinical trials, remarkably high levels of effector T-cell responses have been induced and significant protection documented in a human sporozoite challenge model. We summarize the preclinical design and development of these heterologous prime-boost vaccines and discuss the encouraging results that have been observed in vaccinated humans.
Estimation of treatment effect for the sequential parallel design (2011)

The sequential parallel clinical trial is a novel clinical trial design being used in psychiatric diseases that are known to have potentially high placebo response rates. The design consists of an initial parallel trial of placebo versus drug augmented by a second parallel trial of placebo versus drug in the placebo non-responders from the initial trial. Statistical research on the design has focused on hypothesis tests. However, an equally important output from any clinical trial is the estimate of treatment effect and variability around that estimate. In the sequential parallel trial, the most important treatment effect is the effect in the overall population. This effect can be estimated by considering only the first phase of the trial, but this ignores useful information from the second phase of the trial. We develop estimates of treatment effect that incorporate data from both phases of the trial. Our simulations and a real data example suggest that there can be substantial gains in precision by incorporating data from both phases. The potential gains appear to be greatest in moderate-sized trials, which would typically be the case in phase II trials.
Video visualization (2003)

Video data, generated by the entertainment industry, security and traffic cameras, video conferencing systems, video emails, and so on, is perhaps most time-consuming to process by human beings. In this paper, we present a novel methodology for "summarizing" video sequences using volume visualization techniques. We outline a system pipeline for capturing videos, extracting features, volume rendering video and feature data, and creating video visualization. We discuss a collection of image comparison metrics, including the linear dependence detector, for constructing "relative" and "absolute" difference volumes that represent the magnitude of variation between video frames. We describe the use of a few volume visualization techniques, including volume scene graphs and spatial transfer functions, for creating video visualization. In particular, we present a stream-based technique for processing and directly rendering video data in real time. With the aid of several examples, we demonstrate the effectiveness of using video visualization to convey meaningful information contained in video sequences.
Identification of regions in the Ca(2+)-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum that affect functional association with phospholamban. (1993)

When the SERCA 2 isoform of the Ca(2+)-ATPase of cardiac and slow-twitch muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum was coexpressed with phospholamban in COS-1 cells, a reduction in Ca2+ affinity (measured as Ca2+ dependence of Ca2+ transport) of 0.2-0.3 pCa units was observed. This inhibitory effect was reversed by phosphorylation of phospholamban with cAMP-dependent protein kinase A. SERCA 1 and SERCA 3, were also expressed in COS-1 cells, alone and together with phospholamban. SERCA 1 had high Ca2+ affinity which was reduced upon coexpression with phospholamban, but SERCA 3 had lower Ca2+ affinity, which was unaltered by coexpression with phospholamban. To identify which regions of the Ca2+ ATPase sequence determine its functional interaction with phospholamban, chimeric Ca(2+)-ATPases between SERCA 2 and SERCA 3 were constructed and coexpressed with phospholamban. Measurement of Ca2+ affinities for a series of chimeras showed that two separate regions of the cytoplasmic domain of SERCA 2 were required for manifestation of a functional interaction between phospholamban and the Ca(2+)-ATPase. The first is a region between amino acids 336 and 412 in the phosphorylation domain, which corresponds to a phospholamban interaction site identified earlier (James, P., Inui, M., Tada, M., Chiesi, M., and Carafoli, E. (1989) Nature 342, 90-92). The second region is the nucleotide binding/hinge domain (amino acids 467-762) which determines high Ca2+ affinity for SERCA type pumps (Toyofuku, T., Kurzydlowski, K., Lytton, J., and MacLennan, D. H. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 14490-14496).
IR Emission Analysis of Temperature Profiles in Pt/SiO2 Catalysts during Exothermic Reactions (1987)

During H 2 oxidation and cyclohexene hydrogenation on Pt/SiO 2 heterogenous catalysts, the temperature of the Pt crystallite can be much higher than that of the SiO 2 support. The extent of this temperature rise depends on the reaction. There is a wide range of temperatures on the catalyst particles, but these temperatures remain stable during the reaction. These findings, obtained by IR emission spectroscopy, are of importance for the kinetic analysis of heterogeneously catalyzed reactions.
Oxaziridine-Mediated Amination of Primary Amines:  Scope and Application to a One-Pot Pyrazole Synthesis (2005)

Electrophilic amination of primary aliphatic and aromatic amines is reported using a diethylketomalonate-derived oxaziridine to afford the corresponding N-Boc hydrazines in good to excellent yields. The method allows a one-pot synthesis of pyrazoles from primary amines. [Reaction: see text]
Human lymphocyte antigens: production of a monoclonal antibody that defines functional thymus-derived lymphocyte subsets. (1979)

A monoclonal mouse antibody (3A1) that specifically bound to 65% of human peripheral blood (PB) thymus-derived (T) cells but did not bind to complement receptor-positive PB bone marrow-derived (B) cells, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, or human erythrocytes has been produced. The 3AI antibody was synthesized by a stable cloned lymphocyte hybrid cell line. This lymphocyte hybrid line (3AI) was derived from fusion of P3 X 63/Ag8 myeloma cells and spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with HSB-2 cells, a human T cell line. The 3A1 lymphocyte hybrid line produced mouse ascites fluid containing 3A1 antibody in saturating titers of up to 1:25,600. Purified PB T cells that carried the 3A1 antigen incorporated tritiated thymidine maximally in response to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A stimulation, whereas purified PB T cells that lacked the 3A1 antigen responded suboptimally to phytohemagglutinin and minimally to concanavalin A. Thus, the 3A1 antibody can be easily used to study the role of 3A1-positive and negative T cell subsets in the regulation of normal and abnormal human immune responses.
Effects of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide on osteoclast function (2006)

Acute nutrient ingestion leads to a rapid inhibition of bone resorption while effects on makers of bone formation are less marked or absent, suggesting that there is a transient shift toward skeletal accretion in the immediate postprandial period. The cellular bases for these effects are not clear. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), a known modulator of glucose-induced insulin secretion, is secreted from intestinal endocrine cells in response to nutrient ingestion. In addition to the effect of GIP on pancreatic beta-cells, GIP receptors are expressed by osteoclastic cells [corrected] in bone, suggesting a role for this incretin hormone in bone formation. To determine whether GIP also plays a role in the anti-resorptive effect of nutrient ingestion, osteoclasts were analyzed for the presence of GIP receptors by PCR, immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical analyses of bone tissue, and freshly isolated mature osteoclasts and osteoclast-like cells cultured in vitro. Osteoclast function was assessed by fetal long bone resorption assay and by use of the Osteologic disc assay. Our results demonstrate that GIP receptor transcripts and protein are present in osteoclasts. In addition, with the use of an in vitro organ culture system and mature osteoclasts, GIP was found to inhibit bone resorption in the organ culture system and the resorptive activity of mature osteoclasts. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that GIP inhibits bone breakdown through a direct effect on osteoclast-resorptive activity and suggest one mechanism for the postprandial reduction in markers of bone breakdown.
Calcium Supplements for the Prevention of Colorectal Adenomas (1999)

Calcium supplementation is associated with a significant - though moderate - reduction in the risk of recurrent colorectal adenomas.
Collaborative Exploration with a Micro Aerial Vehicle: A Novel Interaction Method for Controlling a MAV with a Hand-Held Device (2012)

In order to collaboratively explore an environment with a Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV), an operator needs a mobile interface, which can support the operator’s divided attention. To this end, we developed the Micro Aerial Vehicle Exploration of an Unknown Environment (MAV-VUE) interface, which allows operators with minimal training the ability to remotely explore their environment with a MAV. MAV-VUE employs a concept we term Perceived First-Order (PFO) control, which allows an operator to effectively “fly” a MAV with no risk to the vehicle. PFO control utilizes a position feedback control loop to fly the MAV while presenting rate feedback to the operator. A usability study was conducted to evaluate MAV-VUE. This interface was connected remotely to an actual MAV to explore a GPS-simulated urban environment.
Metal Complexes of N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes—A New Structural Principle for Catalysts in Homogeneous Catalysis (1995)

Stabilized by “carbene” donor ligands, the Pd complex 1 catalyzes the Heck olefination of aryl halides unexpectedly efficiently and yet has long-term stability at elevated temperatures. The active Pd0 species can be generated during the Heck reaction or deliberately prepared by reduction of 1 with, for instance, hydrazine or sodium formate. Another similar catalyst can be synthesized in situ from Pd0 complexes and 1,3-dimethyldihydroimidazoline-2-ylidene.