gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compositional Variation of Glass-Transition Temperatures. 2. Application of the Thermodynamic Theory to Compatible Polymer Blends (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCompositional Variation of Glass-Transition Temperatures. 2. Application of the Thermodynamic Theory to Compatible Polymer BlendsP. R. CouchmanCite this: Macromolecules 1978, 11, 6, 1156–1161Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60066a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60066a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1872Altmetric-Citations416LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Apoptosis Biochemical events and relevance to cancer chemotherapy (1992)

Two distinct pathways for cell death exist. Compared to necrotic death, physiological or apoptotic cell death is an active suicidal process that consists of a cascade of well-regulated synthetic events. Participation of specific genes in apoptosis, and its possible molecular regulation, are considered in order to investigate the mechanism of cell death induced by some cancer chemotherapeutic agents.
A polarized head-mounted projective display (2005)

The lack of image brightness is a common problem in optical see-through head-mounted displays (OST-HMD) where a beamsplitter is required to combine views from HMD image source and the direct-view of a real world scene. This problem is further aggregated in a head-mounted projective display (HMPD) due to the fact that light passes through the beamsplitter multiple times. We present a novel design of an ultra-bright polarized head-mounted projective display (p-HMPD). The image brightness observed by a viewer theoretically is four-times brighter than existing designs. We further demonstrate a design with currently available technology that leads to a display in which the observed image is significantly brighter than existing designs. Finally, experimental results from a bench setup are presented.
Maximizing the Thermo-Optic Tuning Range of Silicon Photonic Structures (2007)

We demonstrate 20nm thermo-optic tuning in silicon microring resonators with 16nm free spectral range (FSR), the largest reported full-FSR thermal tuning, with a tuning efficiency of 28μW/GHz, enabling telecom microphotonic tunable filters.
Bending instability of electrically charged liquid jets of polymer solutions in electrospinning (2000)

Nanofibers of polymers were electrospun by creating an electrically charged jet of polymer solution at a pendent droplet. After the jet flowed away from the droplet in a nearly straight line, it bent into a complex path and other changes in shape occurred, during which electrical forces stretched and thinned it by very large ratios. After the solvent evaporated, birefringent nanofibers were left. In this article the reasons for the instability are analyzed and explained using a mathematical model. The rheological complexity of the polymer solution is included, which allows consideration of viscoelastic jets. It is shown that the longitudinal stress caused by the external electric field acting on the charge carried by the jet stabilized the straight jet for some distance. Then a lateral perturbation grew in response to the repulsive forces between adjacent elements of charge carried by the jet. The motion of segments of the jet grew rapidly into an electrically driven bending instability. The three-dimensional paths of continuous jets were calculated, both in the nearly straight region where the instability grew slowly and in the region where the bending dominated the path of the jet. The mathematical model provides a reasonable representation of the experimental data, particularly of the jet paths determined from high speed videographic observations.
Phase Behavior and Dimensional Scaling of Symmetric Block Copolymer−Homopolymer Ternary Blends in Thin Films (2009)

The phase behavior and dimensional scaling of symmetric ternary blends composed of poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) block copolymers and the corresponding polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) homopolymers in thin films were investigated as a function of χN (the product of the Flory−Huggins interaction parameter and the overall degree of polymerization of the block copolymer), α (the ratio of the degree of polymerization of the homopolymers to that of the block copolymer), and ϕH (the volume fraction of homopolymers in the blends). The phase transitions were characterized by three methods: disappearance of high-order peaks in the fast Fourier transform (FFT) spectra from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, application of the amphiphilicity factor determined from the FFTs, and, in the case of thicker films, the appearance of either microphase- or macrophase-separated domains in SEM images. Above the order−disorder transition (ODT) in the χN−ϕH phase diagram, the symmetric ternary blends transitioned from lamellae to a microemulsion and then to macrophase-separated domains as ϕH increased. The phase transitions depended weakly on χN and α in the range of 12.7 ≤ χN ≤ 36.7 and 0.20 ≤ α ≤ 0.99. The periods of swollen lamellae and microemulsions (LB) were determined as a function of ϕH and α and were well described empirically with LB = L0/(1 − ϕH)β, where L0 is the natural period of pure block copolymer and β is a parameter that depends linearly on α with values ranging from ∼0.5 to 1.5.
Measurement of single‐kidney glomerular filtration rate using a contrast‐enhanced dynamic gradient‐echo sequence and the Rutland‐Patlak plot technique (2003)

Single-kidney GFR can be calculated from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. We found a promising correlation of global GFR calculated by MRI compared to the reference method. In any future study, the amount of Gd-DTPA should by reduced to avoid artificial signal drop in the excretory phase induced by the T2* effect.
Fabrication of Pillar-structured thermal neutron detectors (2007)

Pillar detector is an innovative solid state device structure that leverages advanced semiconductor fabrication technology to produce a device for thermal neutron detection. State-of-the-art thermal neutron detectors have shortcomings in achieving simultaneously high efficiency, low operating voltage while maintaining adequate fieldability performance. By using a 3-dimensional silicon PIN diode pillar array filled with isotopic boron 10, ( <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> B) a high efficiency device is theoretically possible. The fabricated pillar structures reported in this work are composed of 2 μm diameter silicon pillars with a 4 μm pitch and pillar heights of 6 and 12 μm. The pillar detector with a 12 μm height achieved a thermal neutron detection efficiency of 7.3% at 2V.
Identification of Sequences in c- myc mRNA That Regulate Its Steady-State Levels (1996)

The level of cellular myc proto-oncogene expression is rapidly regulated in response to environmental signals and influences cell proliferation and differentiation. Regulation is dependent on the fast turnover of c-myc mRNA, which enables cells to rapidly alter c-myc mRNA levels. Efforts to identify elements in myc mRNA responsible for its instability have used a variety of approaches, all of which require manipulations that perturb normal cell metabolism. These various approaches have implicated different regions of the mRNA and have led to a lack of consensus over which regions actually dictate rapid turnover and low steady-state levels of c-myc mRNA. To identify these regions by an approach that does not perturb cell metabolism acutely and that directly assesses the effect of a c-myc mRNA region on the steady-state levels of c-myc mRNA, we developed an assay using reverse transcription and PCR to compare the steady-state levels of human myc mRNAs transcribed from two similarly constructed myc genes transiently cotransfected into proliferating C2C12 myoblasts. Deletion mutations were introduced into myc genes, and the levels of their mRNAs were compared with that of a near-normal, reference myc mRNA. Deletion of most of the myc 3' untranslated region (UTR) raised myc mRNA levels, while deletion of sequences in the myc 5' UTR (most of exon 1), exon 2, or the protein-coding region of exon 3 did not, thus demonstrating that the 3' UTR is responsible for keeping myc mRNA levels low. Using a similar reverse transcription-PCR assay for comparing the steady-state levels of two beta-globin-myc fusion mRNAs, we showed that fusion of the myc 3' UTR lowers globin mRNA levels by destabilizing beta-globin mRNA. Surprisingly, fusion of the protein-coding region of myc exon 3 also lowered globin mRNA steady-state levels. Investigating the possibility that exon 3 coding sequences may play some other role in regulating c-myc mRNA turnover, we demonstrated that these sequences, but not myc 3' UTR sequences, are necessary for the normal posttranscriptional downregulation of c-myc mRNA during myoblast differentiation. We conclude that, while two elements within c-myc mRNA can act as instability determinants in a heterologous context, only the instability element in the 3' UTR regulates its steady-state levels in proliferating C2C12 cells.
Single-crystal growth of metallic nanowires with preferred orientation (2005)

10.1088/0957-4484/16/9/025
Fluid Control in Multichannel Structures by Electrocapillary Pressure (2001)

We demonstrate control of fluid motion in three-dimensional structures with thousands of microchannels. Fluids are manipulated via an electrocapillary pressure, originating from electrostatic control of the solid/fluid interfacial tension in the microchannels. Reversible fluid displacement has been achieved for all channel orientations with respect to gravity. The velocities of several centimeters per second are nearly two orders of magnitude higher than the velocities demonstrated by other electrofluidic actuation principles.
A mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene associated with elevated sweat chloride concentrations in the absence of cystic fibrosis (1998)

Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) have been shown to cause cystic fibrosis (CF) and male infertility due to congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens. We report the identification of a 6.8 kb deletion (del14a) and a nonsense mutation (S1455X) in the CFTR genes of a mother and her youngest daughter with isolated elevated sweat chloride concentrations. Detailed clinical evaluation of both individuals found no evidence of pulmonary or pancreatic disease characteristic of CF. A second child in this family with classic CF was homozygous for the del14a mutation, indicating that this mutation caused severe CFTR dysfunction. CFTR mRNA transcripts bearing the S1455X mutation were stable in vivo , implying that this allele encoded a truncated version of CFTR missing the last 26 amino acids. Loss of this region did not affect processing of transiently expressed S1455X-CFTR compared with wild-type CFTR. When expressed in CF airway cells, this mutant generated cAMP-activated whole-cell chloride currents similar to wild-type CFTR. Preservation of chloride channel function of S1455X-CFTR was consistent with normal lung and pancreatic function in the mother and her daughter. These data indicate that mutations in CFTR can be associated with elevated sweat chloride concentrations in the absence of the CF phenotype, and suggest a previously unrecognized functional role in the sweat gland for the C-terminus of CFTR.
Diversity and unity in the nuclear hormone receptors: a terpenoid receptor superfamily. (1990)

The remarkable structural unity among the different members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily stands in striking contrast to the diversity of the chemical structures of their ligands. Of the three currently known classes of ligands, steroids, retinoids, and thyroid hormones, the first two share a common biosynthetic pathway. Both are terpenes, which are derived by assembly of isoprene units. This biosynthetic link suggests that the receptors for three other classes of terpenoid hormones, the insect juvenile hormones and the plant hormones gibberellic acid and abscissic acid, may also be members of the superfamily. A number of putative nuclear hormone receptors that do not have known ligands have been isolated. At least some of the ligands for these orphan members of the receptor superfamily may be found on the list of biologically active terpenes. Finally, the terpenoid connection raises interesting issues for the evolution of the receptor superfamily.
Impedance control for truck collision avoidance (2000)

We describe the results from a series of experiments using the "virtual bumper" collision avoidance algorithm implemented on a Navistar International tractor cab. The virtual bumper combines longitudinal and lateral collision avoidance capabilities to control a vehicle in both normal and emergency situations. The motion of the vehicle is modified based on sensed incursions into a programmable "personal space" around the vehicle. An impedance controller determines the dynamics of the vehicle response. Radar integrated with a laser range finder are used to sense vehicles in the forward field of view of the host vehicle. The results of two driving scenarios are presented. The first scenario tests the system's ability to stop the tractor at a safe headway in response to a stationary vehicle. The second scenario demonstrates the adaptive cruise control (ACC) functionality implemented using the virtual bumper. In this scenario, the test vehicle is able to safely stop when the preceding target vehicle suddenly decelerates to a stop. The system has been successfully tested in a variety of other situations as well. The virtual bumper proved effective in ACC scenarios, major traffic slow down situations, sudden target acceleration/deceleration and in stop and go traffic.
Reversible Gas−Solid Reactions between the Organometallic Zwitterion [(η5-C5H4COOH)(η5-C5H4COO)CoIII] and Vapors of Trifluoroacetic and Tetrafluoroboric Acids (2002)

Exposure of the solid zwitterion [(η5-C5H4COOH)(η5-C5H4COO)CoIII] (1) to vapors of CF3COOH and HBF4 quantitatively produces the corresponding salts of the cation [(η5-C5H4COOH)2CoIII]+ (2), namely 2[CF3COO] and 2[BF4]. Both heterogeneous reactions are fully reversible; the acids can be quantitatively removed by mild thermal treatment, which regenerates the starting material. Single crystals of 2[CF3COO] and 2[BF4] for X-ray diffraction can be obtained if the same reaction is carried out in solution. They possess the same structures as those produced in the gas−solid reactions.
Performance analysis of RS-BCH concatenated codes in Rayleigh fading channel (1999)

We analyze the performance of RS-BCH concatenated codes in a Rayleigh fading channel. An important formula is achieved by combining the performance of single level coding and the character of channel modulation. The calculation result shows the advantage of RS-BCH concatenated codes in comparison with an uncoded scheme.
Human dystroglycan: skeletal muscle cDNA, genomic structure, origin of tissue specific isoforms and chromosomal localization (1993)

Dystroglycan is a novel laminin binding component of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex which provides a linkage between the subsarcolemmal cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. Here we report the cDNA and genomic structure of human dystroglycan. The human dystroglycan is encoded by a single gene (DAG1) mapped to chromosome 3 band p21. The coding sequence is organized into two exons, separated by a large intron. The predicted amino acid sequence of human and rabbit dystroglycan are 93% identical with predicted glycosylation sites being conserved. Human dystroglycan is expressed in a variety of fetal and adult tissues. Our data suggest that muscle and non-muscle isoforms of dystroglycan differ by carbohydrate moieties but not protein sequence. Therefore, we hypothesize that variable glycosylation of the conserved protein core might modulate laminin binding. The relationship of dystroglycan to human diseases is discussed.
Pronounced in vitro and in vivo antiretroviral activity of 5-substituted 2,4-diamino-6-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy] pyrimidines (2006)

PMEO-5-Me-DAPy deserves further (pre)clinical investigations as a candidate anti-HIV drug.
Nkx6-1 controls the identity and fate of red nucleus and oculomotor neurons in the mouse midbrain (2009)

Little is known about the cues controlling the generation of motoneuron populations in the mammalian ventral midbrain. We show that Otx2 provides the crucial anterior-posterior positional information for the generation of red nucleus neurons in the murine midbrain. Moreover, the homeodomain transcription factor Nkx6-1 controls the proper development of the red nucleus and of the oculomotor and trochlear nucleus neurons. Nkx6-1 is expressed in ventral midbrain progenitors and acts as a fate determinant of the Brn3a(+) (also known as Pou4f1) red nucleus neurons. These progenitors are partially dorsalized in the absence of Nkx6-1, and a fraction of their postmitotic offspring adopts an alternative cell fate, as revealed by the activation of Dbx1 and Otx2 in these cells. Nkx6-1 is also expressed in postmitotic Isl1(+) oculomotor and trochlear neurons. Similar to hindbrain visceral (branchio-) motoneurons, Nkx6-1 controls the proper migration and axon outgrowth of these neurons by regulating the expression of at least three axon guidance/neuronal migration molecules. Based on these findings, we provide additional evidence that the developmental mechanism of the oculomotor and trochlear neurons exhibits more similarity with that of special visceral motoneurons than with that controlling the generation of somatic motoneurons located in the murine caudal hindbrain and spinal cord.
On a simple algorithm to calculate the 'energy' of a signal (2002)

A simple algorithm is derived that permits on-the-fly calculation of the energy required to generate, in a certain sense, a signal. The results of applying this algorithm to a number of well-known signals are shown. Some of the invariance and noise properties of the algorithm are derived and verified by simulation. The implementation of the algorithm and its application to speech processing are briefly discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Functional expression of transient receptor potential melastatin- and vanilloid-related channels in pulmonary arterial and aortic smooth muscle (2006)

Transient receptor potential melastatin- (TRPM) and vanilloid-related (TRPV) channels are nonselective cation channels pertinent to diverse physiological functions. Multiple TRPM and TRPV channel subtypes have been identified and cloned in different tissues. However, their information in vascular tissue is scant. In this study, we sought to identify TRPM and TRPV channel subtypes expressed in rat deendothelialized intralobar pulmonary arteries (PAs) and aorta. With RT-PCR, mRNA of TRPM2, TRPM3, TRPM4, TRPM7, and TRPM8 of TRPM family and TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV3, and TRPV4 of TRPV family were detected in both PAs and aorta. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR showed that TRPM8 and TRPV4 were the most abundantly expressed TRPM and TRPV subtypes, respectively. Moreover, Western blot analysis verified expression of TRPM2, TRPM8, TRPV1, and TRPV4 proteins in both types of vascular tissue. To examine the functional activities of these channels, we monitored intracellular Ca(2+) transients ([Ca(2+)](i)) in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and aortic smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). The TRPM8 agonist menthol (300 muM) and the TRPV4 agonist 4alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (1 muM) evoked significant increases in [Ca(2+)](i) in PASMCs and ASMCs. These Ca(2+) responses were abolished in the absence of extracellular Ca(2+) or the presence of 300 muM Ni(2+) but were unaffected by 1 muM nifedipine, suggesting Ca(2+) influx via nonselective cation channels. Hence, for the first time, our results indicate that multiple functional TRPM and TRPV channels are coexpressed in rat intralobar PAs and aorta. These novel Ca(2+) entry pathways may play important roles in the regulation of pulmonary and systemic circulation.
Change in Electrophoretic Mobility of Human Follicle-Stimulating Hormone in Serum after Administration of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* (1990)

The median electrophoretic mobility of FSH in serum (S-FSH) was determined in 14 girls, aged 9-14 yr, with Turner's syndrome before and after iv administration of GnRH. The basal S-FSH level varied almost 100-fold between patients. Less negatively charged forms of FSH appeared in serum in all patients after GnRH stimulation. The aim of the study was to determine if the change in electrophoretic mobility of S-FSH after GnRH treatment was related to the basal S-FSH level, the absolute or relative increase in the S-FSH level after GnRH, or the electrophoretic mobility of S-FSH present in the basal state. A highly significant (r = 0.94; P less than 0.001) correlation was found between the relative increase in S-FSH 60 min after GnRH treatment and the decrease in electrophoretic mobility. A selective survival of different forms of FSH in the circulation is proposed as the most likely explanation for the appearance in serum of the less negatively charged forms of FSH after GnRH stimulation.
Transferable tight-binding models for silicon (1994)

A transferable tight-binding model for silicon is found by fitting the energies of silicon in various bulk crystal structures and examining functional parametrizations of the tight-binding forms. The model has short-range radial forms similar to the tight-binding Hamiltonian of Goodwin, Skinner, and Pettifor but can be utilized in molecular dynamics with a fixed radial cutoff for all structural configurations. In addition to a very good fit to the energy of Si in different bulk crystal structures the model describes very well the elastic constants, defect-formation energies for vacancies and interstitials in crystalline silicon, the melting of Si, and short-range order in liquid silicon. Results for phonon frequencies and Gr\"uneisen constants in c-Si are also presented.
The Catastrophe (2019)

Abstract This essay argues that black feminist poethics uncovers a deep philosophical problem between pure form and pure matter. Mathematics is the site of such contention, and the decision to retain form or destroy form presents ontological and epistemological complexities for a philosophy of mathematics in Black studies. Ultimately, this essay offers mathematical nihilism as the only hope for blacks in an antiblack world.