gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of captodiamine in the withdrawal from long-term benzodiazepine treatment (2004)

SUMMARYBackground and objectives: Discontinuation of benzodiazepines can be associated with the emergence of a withdrawal syndrome which compromises successful termination of treatment. The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether a six week administration of captodiamine during benzodiazepine discontinuation could prevent emergence of a benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome and thus facilitate discontinuation of these drugs.Subjects and methods: A controlled, randomised, double-blind trial of captodiamine versus placebo was conducted in 81 subjects presenting mild to moderate anxiety and treated for at least 6 months with a stable dose of benzodiazepine. Each subject was gradually weaned from benzodiazepines over a 14 day period using a tapering dose schedule and received captodiamine (150 mg/d) or placebo for 45 days from the beginning of the weaning period.Outcome measures: The primary outcome criterion was the extent of withdrawal symptoms assessed using the Tyrer Benzodiazepine Withdrawal Symptom Questionnaire. Secondary outcome criteria were; self-evaluation of tension, anxiety, drowsiness and slowing of physical and mental performance using visual analogue scales; quality of sleep using the Spiegel questionnaire; anxiety using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; and cognitive function using a driving stimulation test.Results: Analysis of the primary study criterion revealed a statistically significant difference ( p < 0.0001) in the emergence of withdrawal symptoms between the two groups in favour of captodiamine at two, six and eight weeks following initiation of therapy. These results were supported by significant beneficial effects of captodiamine on the majority of secondary outcome measures. The switch to captodiamine was associated with an improvement in vigilance, which may be an advantage for the overall safety of the anxiolytic treatment, for example with regard to road safety. Discontinuation of captodiamine was not associated with the emergence of rebound anxiety.Conclusion: Captodiamine represents an interesting strategy for achieving benzodiazepine substitution with a low risk of dependence or impairment of cognitive function. Further clinical studies addressing the anxiolytic activity and safety of captodiamine in such subjects are merited.
Stepwise Quenching of Exciton Fluorescence in Carbon Nanotubes by Single-Molecule Reactions (2007)

Single-molecule chemical reactions with individual single-walled carbon nanotubes were observed through near-infrared photoluminescence microscopy. The emission intensity within distinct submicrometer segments of single nanotubes changed in discrete steps after exposure to acid, base, or diazonium reactants. The steps were uncorrelated in space and time and reflected the quenching of mobile excitons at localized sites of reversible or irreversible chemical attack. Analysis of step amplitudes revealed an exciton diffusional range of about 90 nanometers, independent of nanotube structure. Each exciton visited about 10,000 atomic sites during its lifetime, providing highly efficient sensing of local chemical and physical perturbations.
Coexpression of two odorant-binding protein homologs in Drosophila: implications for olfactory coding. (1997)

Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are small soluble proteins present in the aqueous medium surrounding olfactory receptor neurons. Their function in olfaction is still unknown: they have been proposed to facilitate the transit of hydrophobic molecules to olfactory receptors, to deactivate the odorant stimulus, and/or to play a role in chemosensory coding. In this study we examine the genomic organization and expression patterns of two olfactory-specific genes (OS-E and OS-F) of Drosophila melanogaster, the products of which are members of a protein family in Drosophila sharing sequence similarity with moth OBPs. We show that the OS-E and OS-F transcription units are located <1 kb apart. They are oriented in the same direction and display a similar intron-exon organization. Expression of both OS-E and OS-F proteins is restricted spatially to the ventrolateral region of the Drosophila antenna. Within this region both OS-E and OS-F proteins are expressed within two different types of sensory hairs: in most, if not all, sensilla trichodea and in approximately 40% of the interspersed small sensilla basiconica. We consistently observe that OS-E and OS-F are coexpressed, indicating that an individual sensillum can contain more than one odorant-binding protein. The functional significance of the observed expression pattern and its implications for olfactory coding are discussed.
High-sensitivity monitoring of ctDNA by patient-specific sequencing panels and integration of variant reads (2019)

Abstract Circulating tumor-derived DNA (ctDNA) can be used to monitor cancer dynamics noninvasively. Patients with small tumors have few copies of ctDNA in plasma, resulting in limited sensitivity to detect low-volume or residual disease. We show that sampling limitations can be overcome and sensitivity for ctDNA detection can be improved by massively parallel sequencing when hundreds to thousands of mutations are identified by tumor genotyping. We describe the INtegration of VAriant Reads (INVAR) analysis pipeline, which combines patient-specific mutation lists with both custom error-suppression methods and signal enrichment based on biological features of ctDNA. In this framework, the sensitivity can be estimated independently for each sample based on the number of informative reads, which is the product of the number of mutations analyzed and the average depth of unique sequencing reads. We applied INVAR to deep sequencing data generated by custom hybrid-capture panels, and showed that when ~10 6 informative reads were obtained INVAR allowed detection of tumor-derived DNA fractions to parts per million (ppm). In serial samples from patients with advanced melanoma on treatment, we detected ctDNA when imaging confirmed tumor volume of ~1cm 3 . In patients with resected early-stage melanoma, ctDNA was detected in 40% of patients who later relapsed, with higher rates of detection when more informative reads were obtained. We further demonstrated that INVAR can be generalized and allows improved detection of ctDNA from whole-exome and low-depth whole-genome sequencing data.
Inferring therapeutic targets from heterogeneous data: HKDC1 is a novel potential therapeutic target for cancer (2013)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Partial Least Squares Regressive Analysis and Modeling for Tool Wear (2000)

The algorithm of partial least-squares regression(PLSR) is briefed firstly. The PLSR analysis is applied to the sample data sets of cutting tool wear under different machining conditions. Six independent variables for modeling including cutting speed V , cutting force components F x, F y and F z , as well as force ratios F y/F x and F z/F x , are screened from eight original variables based upon the variable important projection and the factor loading. The model with the six independent variables and the flank wear of cutting tool as the dependent variable is built up by using PLSR approach. Two sample data sets, one under the cutting conditions covered in the modeling data and the other under new different cutting conditions, are used to verify the model respectively. The results demonstrate that the variable screening is reasonable and the satisfied values of the flank wear of cutting tools can be obtained from the PLSR model.
Composition and Immunological Properties of the Protein Fraction of A36, a Major Antigen Complex of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (1992)

TMA (thermostable macromolecular antigens) are major mycobacterial complexes present in all mycobacteria. We have purified A36, the TMA complex of M. paratuberculosis, the etiological agent of paratuberculosis (Johne's disease), and shown by the immune electron microscopy approach its presentation at the cell surface. The immunodominance of the A36 complex in Johne's disease was suggested by comparative ELISA analysis of infected bovine sera, using either A36 or M. paratuberculosis total soluble sonicate as antigens. The cross-reactivity of TMA complexes from different mycobacteria was evaluated by immunoenzymometric measurements. Percentage of shared epitopes was high for the couple M. paratuberculosis-M. avium, and somewhat lower for the couple M. paratuberculosis.-M. bovis. Immunological kinship between M. paratuberculosis and M. leprae was suggested by the finding that out of eleven anti-M. leprae monoclonals, four cross-reacted with A36 proteins. The specificity missing at the level of the whole A36 complex was sought at the level of its protein components. Comparative immunoblot analysis of electrophoresed A36 proteins indicated three of them to contain epitopes not shared by M. bovis proteins, and one of them to contain epitopes specific with respect to M. avium, M. bovis and M. phlei. The latter component, a 34-kDa protein, could be an ideal reagent for a serological test for Johne's disease, being immunodominant in infected cattle and endowed with species-specific epitopes.
Heat Shock Protein 27 Controls Apoptosis by Regulating Akt Activation (2003)

Activation of the serine-threonine kinase Akt by cytokines, chemokines, and bacterial products delays constitutive neutrophil apoptosis, resulting in a prolonged inflammatory response. We showed previously that Akt exists in a signaling complex with p38 MAPK, MAPK-activated protein kinase-2 (MAPKAPK-2), and heat shock protein-27 (Hsp27); and Hsp27 dissociates from the complex upon neutrophil activation. To better understand the regulation of this signaling module, the hypothesis that Akt phosphorylation of Hsp27 regulates its interaction with Akt was tested. The present study shows that Akt phosphorylated Hsp27 on Ser-82 in vitro and in intact cells, and phosphorylation of Hsp27 resulted in its dissociation from Akt. Additionally, the interaction between Hsp27 and Akt was necessary for activation of Akt in intact neutrophils. Constitutive neutrophil apoptosis was accelerated by sequestration of Hsp27 from Akt, and this enhanced rate of apoptosis was reversed by introduction of constitutively active recombinant Akt. Our results define a new mechanism by which Hsp27 regulates apoptosis, through control of Akt activity.
Stem Infusion of Liquid Culture Medium Prevents Reproductive Failure of Maize at Low Water Potential (1991)

Maize ( Zea mays L.) plants exposed to low water potentials (ψ w ) at anthesis frequently experience failure of reproduction despite high plant ψ w before and after anthesis. Since the supply of reserve carbohydrates in maize stems may be low at anthesis and low ψ w can inhibit photosynthesis, it is possible that a water deficit at anthesis causes a deficit of photosynthetic products or their derivatives, which could lead to premature cessation of reproductive development. To test this hypothesis, a high‐sucrose (150 g L −1 liquid tissue culture medium was supplied to the stems of dehydrating maize plants from an external reservoir using a new stem infusion technique. Plants were grown in controlled environment chambers in large pots containing soil. At midday, the rates of net photosynthesis of upper leaves of well‐watered plants were ≈20 μmol m −2 s −1 and the ψ w of these leaves was −0.6 MPa. Approximately 5 d after water was withheld from pots, upper leaf ψ w dropped to −1.6 to −1.8 MPa and photosynthetic rates of the same leaves were ≈20 μmol m −2 s −1 . Stem infusion of liquid tissue culture medium during 5‐ or 7.5‐d water‐deficit periods initiated 1 d after silking prevented reproductive failure without rehydrating the plant. Final grain yields of some of the medium‐infused plants approached control yields. Dehydrated plants which received infusion of a similar volume of water or which were not infused experienced nearly complete reproductive failure. Following rehydration, photosynthesis of all plants exposed to low ψ w during anthesis recovered, but only those infused with the medium during low ψ w continued kernel development to maturity. Additional experiments indicated that plant growth regulators were not required for an effective medium. These experiments identify assimilate supply and not low plant ψ w per se as a limiting factor in maize reproductive failure near anthesis and suggest that improvement in drought tolerance may be achieved by changes in the assimilate storage patterns and/or the phenology of maize plants. Additionally, this whole plant system provides an agriculturally relevant model system for studying the cellular and subcellular mechanisms associated with failure of reproductive growth at low ψ w .
Metric data models and associated search strategies (1986)

I believe that the concept of a metric (or a dissimilarity measure) defined on a set of records is one of the most fundamental concepts related to information retrieval, although historically, the first science to introduce this concept as a basic one was, perhaps, numerical taxonomy. In the metric model the concept of the most relevant record should be interpreted as that of the closest (with respect to the chosen metric) record.
Livin, a Novel Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein Family Member (2001)

A novel human inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family member termed Livin was identified, containing a single baculoviral IAP repeat (BIR) domain and a COOH-terminal RING finger domain. The mRNA for livin was not detectable by Northern blot in most normal adult tissues with the exception of the placenta, but was present in developmental tissues and in several cancer cell lines. Highest levels were observed in two melanoma-derived cell lines, G361 and SK-Mel29. Transfection of livin in HeLa cells resulted in protection from apoptosis induced by expression of FADD, Bax, RIP, RIP3, and DR6. Similar to other IAP family members, the anti-apoptotic activity of Livin was dependent on the BIR domain. Livin was also capable of inhibiting DEVD-like caspase activity triggered by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. In vitro binding studies demonstrated a direct interaction between Livin and the active form of the downstream caspases, caspase-3 and -7, that was dependent on the BIR domain of Livin. In addition, the unprocessed and cleaved forms of caspase-9 co-immunoprecipitated with Livin in vivo, and recombinant Livin could inhibit the activation of caspase-9 induced by Apaf-1, cytochrome c, and dATP. The subcellular distribution of the transfected Livin was analyzed by immunofluorescence. Both Livin and Survivin were expressed in the nucleus and in a filamentous pattern throughout the cytoplasm. In contrast to the apoptotic activity, the COOH-terminal RING domain mediated its subcellular localization patterning. Further studies found that transfection of an antisense construct against livin could trigger apoptosis specifically in cell lines expressing livin mRNA. This was associated with an increase in DNA fragmentation and in DEVD-like caspase activity. Thus, disruption of Livin may provide a strategy to induce apoptosis in certain cancer cells.
In silico Predictions of Drug Solubility and Permeability: Two Rate‐limiting Barriers to Oral Drug Absorption (2005)

Aqueous drug solubility and intestinal drug permeability are two of the most important factors influencing drug absorption. If the developability of a drug is to be included in the lead optimization, new experimental and computational models of solubility and permeability are needed. These models must have the capacity to handle a large amount of data. Nowadays, epithelial cell culture models such as Caco-2 are routinely used to assess intestinal drug permeability and transport in drug discovery settings. The permeability values obtained from the Caco-2 cell monolayers have been traditionally used to devise in silico models for the prediction of drug absorption. In this paper, the use of molecular surface areas as descriptors of permeability and solubility will be reviewed. Moreover, a virtual filter for the prediction of oral drug developability based on the successful combination of in vitro and in silico models of drug permeability and aqueous drug solubility will be discussed.
The binding site on human immunoglobulin E for its high affinity receptor (1994)

Immunoglobulin (Ig) E antibodies mediate allergic responses by binding to specific high affinity receptors, FcdtI, on mast cells and basophils.Previous studies have shown that the principal FceRI binding site is located on the third constant domain, Fce3, of IgE.Based on a model of the IgE Fce3 (which is homologous to the second constant domain of IgG), homology scanning mutagenesis and replacement of individual residues were used to determine the specific amino acids of human IgE involved in binding to human FccRI.The amino acids are localized in three loops, which form a putative ridge on the most exposed side of the Fee3 domain of IgE and include Arg-408, Ser-411, Lys-415, Glu-452, Arg-465, and Met-469.The preponderance of charged residues suggests that IgE-FceRI binding is mediated primarily by electrostatic interaction.Furthermore, it is possible to confer FccRI binding to an IgG molecule by introducing these three IgE loops into the I& Cy2 domain.Immunoglobulin (Ig)' E antibodies bind to specific high affinity receptors, FceRI, on mast cells, basophils, and Langerhans cells (1-4) via their constant, or Fc, region in a one-to-one complex (5).Degranulation of mast cells and basophils triggered by binding of antigen to IgE-loaded FceRI leads to release of mediators which produce symptoms associated with allergy (6,7).IgE also binds to low affinity receptors (FceRII, CD23) on B-lymphocytes and eosinophils (8,Q).A more in-depth review of IgE and its receptors can be gleaned fmm Ref. 10.Because of the central role of cell-bound IgE in initiation of the allergic cascade, much attention has been focused on localizing the sites on IgE required for receptor binding.Over the last decade a variety of techniques have been used to determine the FcrRI binding site on IgE, including synthetic peptides corresponding to portions of the IgE Fc (11-14), anti-IgE antibodies IgE variants (18), and truncated forms (23).However, the exact IgE residues involved in binding have remained undefined.Helm et a2.(13, 14) reported mapping the FceRI binding site on human IgE to a sequence of 76 amino acids at the junction of the second (Fcr2) and third (Fce3) constant domains.In contrast, a recent study reported that only
Arithmetic Codes for Constrained Channels (1983)

Arithmetic codes have been studied in the context of compression coding, i.e., transformations to code strings which take up less storage space or require less transmission time over a communications link. Another application of coding theory is that of noiseless channel coding, where constraints on strings in the channel symbol alphabet prevent an obvious mapping of data strings to channel strings. An interesting duality exists between compression coding and channel coding. The source alphabet and code alphabet of a compression system correspond, respectively, to the channel alphabet and data alphabet of a constrained channel system. The decodability criterion of compression codes corresponds to the representability criterion of constrained channel codes, the generalized Kraft Inequality has a dual inequality due to the senior author.
Protection of Guinea Pigs from Primary and Recurrent Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Type 2 Cutaneous Disease with Vaccinia Virus Recombinants Expressing HSV Glycoprotein D (1987)

Vaccinia virus recombinants containing herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 (VP176) or type 2 (VP221) glycoprotein D (gD) genes were studied for their protective potential in the guinea pig model of recurrent HSV type 2 disease. Cells infected with these recombinants synthesized at least one protein (precursor, mature form, or both) that was precipitated with monoclonal antibody to HSV type-common determinants on gD. These determinants were detected on the surface of cells infected with the recombinants at 2 hr after infection. VP176 immunization protected against primary (P much less than .001) and recurrent (P much less than .001) cutaneous HSV type 2 lesions and ganglionic latency (62% protection). VP221 immunization protected against recurrent disease (P less than .05), although HSV type 2 ganglionic infection was established. Protection, first observed at two weeks after immunization, apparently did not involve HSV-specific neutralizing antibody because seroconversion was detected at 35-45 days after immunization. Protection was correlated with HSV-specific lymphoproliferation and the elaboration of lymphokines that enhance natural killer cell cytolysis.
Roles of trk family neurotrophin receptors in medullary thyroid carcinoma development and progression (1999)

Although initiating mutations in the ret protooncogene have been found in familial and sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), the molecular events underlying subsequent tumor progression stages are unknown. We now report that changes in trk family neurotrophin receptor expression appear to be involved in both preneoplastic thyroid C cell hyperplasia and later tumor progression. Only a subset of normal C cells expresses trk family receptors, but, in C cell hyperplasia, the affected cells consistently express trkB, with variable expression of trkA and trkC. In later stages of gross MTC tumors, trkB expression was substantially reduced, while trkC expression was increased and often intense. In a cell culture model of MTC, exogenous trkB expression resulted in severely impaired tumorigenicity and was associated with 11-fold lower levels of the angiogenesis factor vascular endothelial growth factor. These results suggest that trk family receptor genes participate in MTC development and progression, and, in particular, that trkB may limit MTC tumor growth by inhibition of angiogenesis.
Mixed-valence poly(vanadic acid) gels (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMixed-valence poly(vanadic acid) gelsN. Gharbi, C. Sanchez, J. Livage, J. Lemerle, L. Nejem, and J. LefebvreCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1982, 21, 7, 2758–2765Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00137a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00137a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views522Altmetric-Citations148LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts