gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alagille Syndrome Mimicking Biliary Atresia in Early Infancy (2015)

Alagille syndrome may mimic biliary atresia in early infancy. Since mutations in JAG1 typical for Alagille syndrome type 1 have also been found in biliary atresia, we aimed to identify JAG1 mutations in newborns with proven biliary atresia (n = 72). Five biliary atresia patients with cholestasis, one additional characteristic feature of Alagille syndrome and ambiguous liver histology were single heterozygotes for nonsense or frameshift mutations in JAG1. No mutations were found in the remaining 67 patients. All "biliary atresia" carriers of JAG1 null mutations developed typical Alagille syndrome at the age of three years. Our data do not support association of biliary atresia with JAG1 mutations, at least in Czech patients. Rapid testing for JAG1 mutations could prevent misdiagnosis of Alagille syndrome in early infancy and improve their outcome.
Analogs of platelet activating factor. 7. Bis-aryl amide and bis-aryl urea receptor antagonists of PAF (1992)

A series of bis-aryl amide (13-57 and 66-81) and bis-aryl urea (58 and 85) antagonists of platelet-activating factor (PAF) was prepared that contain, separating the two aromatic rings, linear amide linkages of the form -(CH2)nCONH- (n = 0-2), -OCH2CONH-, and -(CH2)nNHCO- (n = 0-1), branched amide linkages of the form -(CH2)nN(COR)- (n = 1-3, R = CH3 or n-C3H7), and -N(COCH3)CH2-, and urea linkages of the form -NHCONH- and -CH2N(CONHCH3)-. These compounds were examined for their ability to inhibit PAF-induced platelet aggregation of rabbit platelets. These in vitro data were compared to similar data obtained for a number of known PAF antagonists. The compounds were evaluated in vivo, in the mouse, for their ability to prevent death induced by a lethal challenge of PAF. The relationships between the biological activity and the nature, lipophilicity, and position of substituents of the aromatic rings were studied. Best activity was observed for compounds having linkages of the type -CH2CONH-, -CH2N(COR)-, and -CH2NHCO-. Many of these compounds inhibit PAF-induced platelet aggregation with IC50's under 1 microM.
Intramyometrial injection of vasopressin causes bradycardia and cardiac arrest--report of two cases. (2006)

Vasopressin has been documented to effectively reduce blood loss in gynecologic practice. However, local infiltration of vasopressin may cause lethal cardiopulmonary complications in spite of rarity of reported cases. Severe bradycardia and cardiac arrest were encountered after intramyometrial injection of vasopressin in our two healthy patients undergoing open uterine myomectomy. We herewith discuss the associated complications and the anesthetic considerations.
Phase II Study of Bevacizumab in Patients With Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer or Peritoneal Serous Cancer (2007)

Bevacizumab has single-agent activity in patients with platinum-resistant EOC or PSC. A higher than expected incidence of GIP was noted in these heavily pretreated patients.
Immunomodulatory properties of cell wall extract from Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121 (2014)

The aim of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory properties of cell wall extract from Enterococcus faecalis CECT7121, measuring the induction of cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Cell wall extract was prepared from their growth in brain heart infusion broth (18h, 35°C). Subsequently, toxicity of the obtained cell wall extract was tested in Balb-C mice. PBMCs were isolated from buffy coats at the Blood Transfusion Service of Hospital Ramón Santamarina (Tandil, Argentina). PBMCs were purified using standard Ficoll-Paque gradient centrifugation. Aliquots of purified leukocytes were incubated at 37°C for 24h with heat-killed E. faecalis CECT7121 and cell wall extract. Concentrations of IL-6, TNFα, IL-10 and IL-12 (p70) were measured by solid phase sandwich ELISA. Changes in appearance and behavior of mice were evidenced only in the group with the maximal concentration of wall cell extract used (10,000μg). Cell wall extract and heat-killed E. faecalis CECT7121 induced the production of significantly higher amounts of Il-12, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 cytokines compared to the nonstimulated PBMCs. These findings provide helpful information on immunomodulation activity by cell wall extract in sight of the application of this compound in controlling certain infectious diseases.
A general model for genetic recombination. (1975)

A general model is proposed for genetic recombination. Its essential new feature is the hypothesis that recombination is initiated by a single-strand (or asymmetric) transfer, which may, after isomerization, become a two-strand (or symmetric) exchange. The likelihood of this transition from asymmetric to symmetric strand exchange determines certain characteristic features of recombination in any particular organism.
Wearable sensorized system for analyzing the lower limb movement during rowing activity (2007)

A wearable sensing system was developed to monitor kinematic variables of lower limbs of an athlete during rowing activity. The system is thought to be used directly in the boat to analyze athlete performance during training or race activity. To allow "on-water" rowing activity monitoring the system has to be light, wearable and not cumbersome for the user. A prototype based on a sensing leotard made of fabric integrated conductive elastomer was realized. Conductive elastomer sensors show piezoresistive properties without changing the mechanical properties of the fabric. The prototype was tested in a laboratory set-up by comparing its outputs with the ones coming from a standard reference system. The preliminary results were encouraging. The next step will be to test the system performance "on-water" during training or race.
Can Wear in Total Hip Arthroplasties Be Assessed from Radio graphs? (1976)

The validity of wear measurements from total-hip radiographs was assessed using a wear simulator which consisted of a total hip prosthesis mounted on a Plexiglas orientation jig. Wear was mesured by a micrometer device and uni- and duoradiographic methods of wear measurement were used with a variety of acetabular cup orientations. In the initial calibration studies the duoradiographic technique proved to be more accurate. The source of the inaccuracies of the uniradiographic method was determined analytically by means of a geometrical model. Forty-inch or 72'' source-to-object film-distances provided similar accuracy and the errors in wear measurement varied from --0.1 +/- 0.4 mm (2 S.D.) to 0 +/- 0.9 mm for wear magnitudes of 1 and 5 mm respectively, regardless of cup position. In subsequent calibration studies the previous radiographs were compiled to represent seven hypothetical patients at various stages of follow-up whose prostheses exhibited between 1 and 5 mm wear. Clinicians assessed the degree of wear, using both the uni- and duoradiographic techniques, under supervision but unaware of the true position and orientation of the wear track. The resulting errors were of the same order as the wear magnitudes being measured. The location of the measurements on the radiographs was then restricted to approximately the true wear axis but again the errors were so large that it was still impossible to make any valid wear assessments. The calibration runs were therefore terminated at this point and it was concluded that wear measurements could not be made from clinical radiographs.
Immunohistochemical detection of K-sam protein in stomach cancer. (1996)

The K-sam gene, originally isolated as an amplified gene from the stomach cancer cell line KATO-III, is characterized by its preferential amplification in the undifferentiated type (diffuse type) of stomach cancer and encodes one of the receptors for heparin-binding growth factors or fibroblast growth factors. The K-sam gene has been isolated by different methods and has been designated BEK, TK14, and Cek2. The receptor for keratinocyte growth factor was also found to be encoded by the same gene. To examine the expression of the K-sam protein in stomach cancer, polyclonal antibody pK1-2 was raised against the extracellular domain of the gene product. This antibody detected K-sam proteins by Western blot and flow cytometry analyses in stomach cancer cell lines KATO-III and HSC39, in which the K-sam gene is amplified and overexpressed. By immunohistochemical analysis, 20 of 38 cases of the undifferentiated type of advanced stomach cancer were K-sam positive, whereas none of 11 cases of the differentiated or intestinal type revealed K-sam staining. The K-sam product was observed predominantly in diffusely infiltrative lesions. In one autopsy case, the K-sam protein was detected only focally in the primary tumor, whereas markedly increased staining for the K-sam product was detected diffusely in the metastasized tumor in the lymph node and liver. These results suggest that K-sam overexpression is associated with the malignant phenotype of the undifferentiated type of stomach cancer, such as infiltrative growth and metastasis.
Computer recognition of the continuant phonemes in connected english speech (1973)

A method of phoneme recognition of connected speech is described. Input to the system is assumed to consist of the 24 continuant phonemes in connected English speech. The system first categorizes each successive 20-ms segment of the input speech utterance as either voiced fricative, voiced nonfricative, unvoiced fricative or no-speech, Utilizing a measure of the relative energy balance between low and high frequencies. Next, the recognition of each 20-ms segment is performed from a distribution of axis-crossing intervals of speech prefiltered to emphasize each formant frequency range. Segmentation is performed from the results of the recognition of each 20-ms segment and from changes in categorization. Finally, the results of the recognition of each 20-ms segment between each pair of segmentation boundaries are combined and the phonemic sound occurring most frequently is printed out. The system has been trained for a single male speaker. Preliminary results for this speaker and for four 3-4-s sentences indicate: a correct categorization decision for about 97 percent of the input 20-ms segments, a correct recognition for about 78 percent of the input 20-ms segments, and an overall correct phoneme recognition for about 87 percent of the input phonemes.
Genotoxic Impurities in Pharmaceuticals (2012)

Genotoxic compounds induce genetic mutations and/or chromosomal rearrangements and can therefore act as carcinogenic compounds (McGovern and Jacobson-Kram, 2006). These compounds cause damage to DNA by different mechanisms such as alkylation or other interactions that can lead to mutation of the genetic codes. In general, chemists employ the terms and mutagenic synonymously; however, there is a subtle distinction. Genotoxicity pertains to all types of DNA damage (including mutagenicity), whereas mutagenicity pertains specifically to mutation induction at the gene and chromosome levels. Thus, the term “genotoxic” is applied to agents that interact with DNA and/or its associated cellular components (e.g. the spindle apparatus) or enzymes (e.g. topoisomerases) (Dearfield et al., 2002; Robinson, 2010). Irrespective of the mechanism by which cancer is induced, it is now well agreed that it involves a change in the integrity or expression of genomic DNA. The majority of chemical carcinogens are capable of causing DNA damage, i.e., are (Ashby, 1990). Moreover, a genotoxic compound also carries with it the carcinogenic effect which causes additional concern from the safety viewpoint. Drug substances and their relative compounds such as impurities constitute an important group of genotoxic compounds. Thus, these compounds pose an additive concern to clinical subjects and patients (Muller et al., 2006). Considering the importance of this problem, the challenge for regulatory agencies is to form guidelines and standards for the identification and control of genotoxic compounds and their impurities especially in pharmaceuticals. In this article, genotoxicity profiles of the main group of genotoxic compounds are discussed. The article throws light on the challenges in analyzing and predicting for these groups and also deals with the different management problems of genotoxic impurities in pharmaceuticals.
Attending to Learn and Learning to Attend for a Social Robot (2006)

Abstract Our motivation is to create a robotic creature, Mertz, that ’lives ’ among us daily and incrementally learns from and about people through long-term social interaction. One of Mertz’s main tasks is to learn to recognize a set of individuals who are relevant to the robot through ongoing human-robot interaction. We present an integrated framework, combining an object-based perceptual system, an adaptive multi-modal attention system and spatiotemporal perceptual learning, to allow the robot to interact while collecting relevant data seamlessly in an unsupervised way. Our approach is inspired by the coupling between the human infants ’ attention and learning process. We implemented a multi-modal attention system for the robot that is coupled with a spatiotemporal perceptual learning mechanism, which incrementally adapts the attention system’s saliency parameters for different types and locations of stimuli based on the robot’s past sensory experiences. We conducted and described results from a six-hour experiment where the robot interacted with over 70 people while collecting various data in a public space. I.
A lactic acid-fermented oat gruel increases non-haem iron absorption from a phytate-rich meal in healthy women of childbearing age (2006)

Lactic acid-fermented foods have been shown to increase Fe absorption in human subjects, possibly by lowering pH, activation of phytases, and formation of soluble complexes of Fe and organic acids. We tested the effect of an oat gruel fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum 299v on non-haem Fe absorption from a low-Fe bioavailability meal compared with a pasteurised, fermented oat gruel and non-fermented oat gruels. In a cross-over trial twenty-four healthy women with a mean age of 25 (sd 4) years were served (A) fermented gruel, (B) pasteurised fermented gruel, (C) pH-adjusted non-fermented gruel, and (D) non-fermented gruel with added organic acids. The meals were extrinsically labelled with 55Fe or 59Fe and consumed on 4 consecutive days, for example, in the order ABBA or BAAB followed by CDDC or DCCD in a second period. Fe absorption was determined from isotope activities in blood samples. The fermented gruel with live L. plantarum 299v increased Fe absorption significantly (P < 0.0001) compared with the pasteurised and non-fermented gruels. The lactic acid concentration in the fermented gruel was 19 % higher than in the pasteurised gruel, but the Fe absorption was increased by 50 %. In the gruel with organic acids, the lactic acid concentration was 52 % lower than in the pasteurised gruel, with no difference in Fe absorption. The fermented gruel increased non-haem Fe absorption from a phytate-rich meal in young women, indicating a specific effect of live L. plantarum 299v and not only an effect of the organic acids.
Drainage basin morphometry: a global snapshot from the shuttle radar topography mission (2011)

Abstract. A suite of 42 morphometric parameters for each of 26 272 drainage basins larger than 100 km2 from the Hydrosheds Shuttle Radar Topography digital elevation model shows the global distribution of Strahler order for streams and drainage basins. At the scale of 15 arc s spacing (232 to 464 m) the largest basins are order 9. Many common parameters depend both on the size of the basin, and the scale of the digital elevation model used for the computations. These drainage basins display the typical longitudinal stream profiles, but the major basins tend to be generally more concave than the smaller basins.
Pharmacogenetics/genomics and personalized medicine (2005)

Despite the marked advances in drug therapy, some patients do not respond favorably or suffer severe adverse drug effects. Pharmacogenetic studies have shown that polymorphisms of drug metabolizing enzymes, transporters and receptors contribute to variable drug response. Owing to the complexity of drug actions, a broader genomics approach aims at finding new drug targets and optimizing therapy for the individual patient. However, pharmacogenomics has made only a few inroads into clinical practice to date. This review evaluates obstacles that need to be overcome. These include the complexity of mechanisms underlying drug response, given singly or in combination, uncertainty about the genetic underpinnings of complex diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular and mental disorders and a lack of quantitative understanding of the scope of genetic variations, even for well-studied genes. By resolving these hurdles, pharmacogenomics will yield significant, but incremental, therapeutic advances paving the way towards personalized health care.
Mutagenesis of the iron-regulatory element further defines a role for RNA secondary structure in the regulation of ferritin and transferrin receptor expression. (1992)

Within the 5'-untranslated region of ferritin mRNAs, there is a conserved region of 28 nucleotides (nt) (the iron regulatory element (IRE)) that binds a protein (the IRE-binding protein (IRE-BP)) involved in the iron regulation of ferritin mRNA translation. We have examined the role of RNA secondary structure on the interaction of the IRE with the IRE-BP. First, the rat light ferritin IRE possesses a structure similar to that of the bullfrog heavy ferritin IRE (Wang, Y.-H., Sczekan, S. R., and Theil, E. C. (1990) Nucleic Acids Res. 18, 4463-4468). This includes an extended stem, interrupted at various points by bulge nucleotides and a 6-nt single-stranded loop (CAGUGU) at its top. Computer predictions and mapping results suggest the presence of a 3-nt (UGC) bulge 5 bases 5' of the loop in the rat IRE. Second, disruption of the base pairing in the upper stem alters IRE secondary structure and reduces the affinity with which the IRE-BP binds the IRE. Third, increasing the size of the loop or the distance between the UGC bulge and the loop reduces the IRE/IRE-BP interaction. Our results indicate that several aspects of IRE secondary structure are important for its high affinity binding to the IRE-BP.
Role of the peripheral renin profile in predicting blood pressure control after bilateral nephrectomy in renal-transplant patients (1998)

This study shows that the unregulated renin-angiotensin system from the native kidneys plays a major role in the maintenance of hypertension in some patients with normal graft function and that peripheral renin activity can identify those who will benefit from bilateral nephrectomy.
Microengineered Platforms for Cell Mechanobiology (2009)

Mechanical forces play important roles in the regulation of various biological processes at the molecular and cellular level, such as gene expression, adhesion, migration, and cell fate, which are essential to the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. In this review, we discuss emerging bioengineered tools enabled by microscale technologies for studying the roles of mechanical forces in cell biology. In addition to traditional mechanobiology experimental techniques, we review recent advances of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based approaches for cell mechanobiology and discuss how microengineered platforms can be used to generate in vivo-like micromechanical environment in in vitro settings for investigating cellular processes in normal and pathophysiological contexts. These capabilities also have significant implications for mechanical control of cell and tissue development and cell-based regenerative therapies.
Detection of the minus strand of hepatitis C virus RNA by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction: Implications for hepatitis C virus replication in infected tissue (1992)

The combination of reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction is a very powerful tool for the detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in sera of patients with hepatitis C virus infection. However, when studying the presence of this virus in tissue using polymerase chain reaction, it may be difficult to distinguish between blood viral particles adhering to the tissue and viral RNA contained within the tissue. Because hepatitis C virus has a single-stranded RNA of positive polarity, a minus-strand RNA is expected to be found in hepatitis C virus-replicating tissues as a template for the synthesis of genomic RNA. To see whether the detection of the minus strand of hepatitis C virus RNA by polymerase chain reaction can be used for the determination of hepatitis C virus-replicating tissues, we examined the presence of the minus strand of hepatitis C virus RNA in the plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and liver specimens of patients with hepatitis C virus infection. The plus-strand RNA was detected in the plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the liver specimens, but the minus-strand RNA was only detected in the liver. These results suggest that hepatitis C virus replicates in the liver but not in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This detection method for the minus strand of hepatitis C virus RNA should be useful for determining hepatitis C virus replication in tissues other than liver tissue.
Cellular processing of the interleukin-2 fusion toxin DAB486-IL-2 and efficient delivery of diphtheria fragment A to the cytosol of target cells requires Arg194 (1990)

We have used site-directed mutagenesis to examine the role played by Arg191, Arg193, and Arg194 of the fusion toxin DAB486-IL-2 in the intoxication of high affinity interleukin-2 receptor-bearing T-lymphocytes. These arginine residues are positioned in the proteolytically sensitive 14-amino acid loop subtended by the disulfide bond between Cys187 and Cys202 in this fusion toxin. DAB486-IL-2 was formed by the genetic substitution of the native diphtheria toxin receptor binding domain with human interleukin-2 (Williams, D.P., Parker, K., Bacha, P., Bishai, W., Borowski, M., Genbauffe, F., Strom, T.B., and Murphy, J.R. (1987) Protein Eng. 1, 493-498). We demonstrate that substitution of Arg194 with Gly results in a 1000-fold loss of DAB486-IL-2 potency. Since trypsin "nicking" of the Gly194 mutant restores biologic activity, we conclude that Arg194 is required for the cellular processing of the fusion toxin which results in the release of fragment A into the cytosol.
Cloning and nucleotide sequences of the complementary and genomic DNAs for the alkaline protease from Acremonium chrysogenum. (1991)

Complementary DNA encoding Ac. chrysogenum alkaline protease (Alp) was isolated from the Ac. chrysogenum ATCC11550 cDNA library by express-blot assay. The genomic DNAs encoding Ac. chrysogenum Alp were isolated from the Ac. chrysogenum genomic DNA library using the cloned cDNA as a probe. The 3150 nucleotides of the gene were sequenced. The prepro-Alp consists of 402 amino acids and two intervening sequences are found within the coding region. The amino acid sequence of Ac. chrysogenum Alp has 57% homology to that of Aspergillus oryzae Alp. The entire cDNA, encoding Ac. chrysogenum Alp, when introducing into the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, directed the secretion of enzymatically active Alp into the culture medium.