gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in flexible sensors for wearable and implantable devices (2013)

ABSTRACT Flexible devices are emerging as important applications for future display, robotics, in vitro diagnostics, advanced therapies, and energy harvesting. In this review, we provide an overview of recent achievements in flexible mechanical and electrical sensing devices, focusing on the properties and functions of polymeric layers. In the order of historical development, sensing platforms are classified into four types: electronic skins for robotics and medical applications, wearable devices for in vitro diagnostics, implantable devices for human organs or tissues for surgical applications, and advanced sensing devices with additional features such as transparency, self‐power, and self‐healing. In all of these examples, a polymer layer is used as a versatile component including a flexible structural support and a functional material to generate, transmit, and process mechanical and electrical inputs in various ways. We briefly discuss some outlooks and future challenges toward the next steps for flexible devices. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 1429–1441, 2013
cAMP-dependent protein kinase isozymes with preference for histone H2B as substrate in mitochondria of bovine heart (1987)

Mitochondria from bovine hearts were fractionated by three different procedures and the fractions were characterized by marker enzymes. Highly purified outer membranes, membrane vesicles, and inner membranes, as well as two high-speed soluble fractions, were obtained. Azide (or oligomycin) resistant ATPase was not found to be a marker for outer membranes. The data were consistent with the association of the protein kinase activity with the soluble matrix of the mitochondria. Activity was highest with histone H2B as the substrate, with histone H1 next in preference. In contrast to the mitochondrial protein kinases studied previously, protamine, casein, and phosvitin were very poor substrates and there was no detectable phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase. Activity was stimulated by cAMP but not by cGMP, calmodulin, or phosphatidylserine--diolein, with or without Ca2+. Two cAMP-dependent isozymes were separated from the soluble fraction of the mitochondria by chromatography on DE-52 columns. Phosphorylation of histone H2B by the isozymes was inhibited by 98% by Kemptide.
Nonpeptide αvβ3 Antagonists. 8. In Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation of a Potent αvβ3 Antagonist for the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis (2003)

3(S)-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)-3-[2-oxo-3-[3-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[1,8]-naphthyridin-2-yl)propyl]imidazolidin-1-yl]propionic acid 6 was identified as a potent and selective antagonist of the alpha(v)beta(3) receptor. This compound has an excellent in vitro profile (IC(50) = 0.08 nM), a significant unbound fraction in human plasma (12%), and good pharmacokinetics in rat, dog, and rhesus monkey. On the basis of the efficacy shown in three in vivo models of bone turnover, the compound was selected for clinical development. To support the ongoing metabolism and safety studies, a novel strategy was employed in which a series of oxidized derivatives of 6 were prepared by exposure of 6 (or the methyl ester) to chemical oxidizing agents. These products proved useful in the identification of active metabolites generated by either in vitro or in vivo metabolism.
Inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts by Ammonia (1998)

The survival of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in soil and water microhabitats may be affected by the environmental production and release of free ammonia. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of increasing free ammonia concentrations and times of exposure on oocyst viability. Wild-type oocysts were obtained from naturally infected calf feces by chemical (continuous-flow) centrifugation and sucrose gradients. Ammonia (NH(3)) from a commercial solution was applied in concentrations ranging from 0.007 to 0.148 M. Exposure times ranged from 10 min to 24 h at a constant temperature of 24 +/- 1 degrees C. Viability of oocysts was determined with a dye permeability assay and an in vitro excystation assay (M. B. Jenkins, L. J. Anguish, D. D. Bowman, M. J. Walker, and W. C. Ghiorse, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63:3844-3850, 1997). Even the lowest concentration of ammonia decreased significantly the viability of oocysts after 24 h of exposure. Increasing concentrations of ammonia increased inactivation rates, which ranged from 0.014 to 0.066 h. At the highest concentration of ammonia, a small fraction of viable oocysts still remained. Exposure to pH levels corresponding to those associated with the ammonia concentrations showed minimal effects of alkaline pH alone on oocyst viability. This study shows that environmentally relevant concentrations of free ammonia may significantly increase the inactivation of oocysts in ammonia-containing environments.
Cancer statistics, 1999 (1999)

The Surveillance Research Program of the American Cancer Society's Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance Research reports its 33rd annual compilation of cancer frequency, incidence, mortality, and survival data for the United States.
Genetic Modification of T Cells (2016)

Gene transfer technology and its application to human gene therapy greatly expanded in the last decade. One area of investigation that appears particularly promising is the transfer of new genetic material into T cells for the potential treatment of cancer. Herein, we describe several core technologies that now yield high-efficiency gene transfer into primary human T cells. These gene transfer techniques include viral-based gene transfer methods based on modified <i>Retroviridae</i> and non-viral methods such as DNA-based transposons and direct transfer of mRNA by electroporation. Where specific examples are cited, we emphasize the transfer of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) to T cells, which permits engineered T cells to recognize potential tumor antigens.
Secure mobile IP using IP security primitives (2002)

As the commercial use of the Internet becomes common and the demand for mobile computing through the Internet is emerging, it is necessary to construct a secure mobile environment. This paper presents an implementation example of such a system which employs a secure mobile IP protocol on stationary security gateways and mobile hosts. The IETF standard Mobile IP protocol is modified with IP security primatives, which control the packet flow from a mobile host through multiple security gateways. Using IP security primitives, the packet going into a corporate network and the packet going out the visiting network are both securely processed. This IP security based packet control allows transparent mobile access from anywhere on an IP network even with sufficient security support by encrypting and authenticating IP packets. The current implementation status and the performance evaluation is also reported.
Method for evaluating the masticatory function. Masseter muscle cross-sectional image by X-ray CT scan. (1987)

Masseter muscle cross-sectional images obtained by X-Ray CT Scanning were studied to assist in diagnosis of the stomatognathic function and evaluation of various prosthetic treatments.The cross-sectional images of the masseter muscle of the subjects at rest and clenching at the level of subnasal point (subnasasion) and the basis of the cranium (basis craniiexterna) were obtained with computed tomography. For the analysis, the masseter muscle images were divided into two parts, an anterior part and a posterior part by a line drawn through the most forward point of the mandible (ramus). The area and length of each part were measured for all the subjects. Differences between the young and the older subjects were assessed with Student's t-test for unpaired data, and the Paired t-test for paired data at rest and clenching.The results were as follows.1) The bucco-lingual width of the masseter muscle and the cross-sectional area was smaller (53-54%) in the older than in the young subjects (p<0.01).2) At clenching, there were very few morphological changes in the masseter muscle in older subjects.3) Compared to the rest state, the cross-sectional area of the masseter muscle decreased at clenching (p<0.01), especially in the posterior part of the masseter muscle in young subjects.
Leucine Biosynthesis in Fungi: Entering Metabolism through the Back Door (2003)

After exploring evolutionary aspects of branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis, the review focuses on the extended leucine biosynthetic pathway as it operates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. First, the genes and enzymes specific for the leucine pathway are considered: LEU4 and LEU9 (encoding the alpha-isopropylmalate synthase isoenzymes), LEU1 (isopropylmalate isomerase), and LEU2 (beta-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase). Emphasis is given to the unusual distribution of the branched-chain amino acid pathway enzymes between mitochondrial matrix and cytosol, on the newly defined role of Leu5p, and on regulatory mechanisms governing gene expression and enzyme activity, including new evidence for the metabolic importance of the regulation of alpha-isopropylmalate synthase by coenzyme A. Next, structure-function relationships of the transcriptional regulator Leu3p are addressed, defining its dual role as activator and repressor and discussing evidence in support of the self-masking model. Recent data pointing at a more extended Leu3p regulon are discussed. An overview of the layered controls of the extended leucine pathway is provided that includes a description of the newly recognized roles of Ilv5p and Bat1p in maintaining mitochondrial integrity. Finally, branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis and its regulation in other fungi are summarized, the question of leucine as metabolic signal is addressed, and possible directions of future research in this area are outlined.
A Prospective Evaluation of Early Detection Biomarkers for Ovarian Cancer in the European EPIC Cohort (2016)

CA125 remains the single best marker for the early detection of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer, but can be slightly improved by combining with other markers. Identifying novel markers for ovarian cancer will require studies including larger numbers of early-stage cases. Clin Cancer Res; 22(18); 4664-75. ©2016 AACRSee related commentary by Skates, p. 4542.
The Role of Interleukin-2 in Combination Adenovirus Gene Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer (1997)

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene therapy alone and in combination with the herpes thymidine kinase gene (tk) was used to evaluate immunological responses and antitumor effects in head and neck cancer. Established floor of mouth squamous cell carcinomas in C3H/HeJ mice were directly injected with recombinant adenoviral vectors carrying both therapeutic and control genes. One week after adenoviral gene transfer, only the animals treated with combination IL-2+tk or tk alone demonstrated significant tumor regression. Residual tumors were harvested for microscopic evaluation and immunohistochemistry staining, which revealed a predominance of CD8+ lymphocytes in the tumor beds of the animals treated with IL-2. To evaluate the systemic immune effects of IL-2, animals treated with single or combination gene therapy received a second site challenge with parental tumor cells or a heterologous but syngeneic sarcoma cell line. Mice treated with combination IL-2 and tk demonstrated a protective systemic immunity specific to the parental tumor cell line, whereas no systemic immune response was evident in mice receiving IL-2 alone. In a separate experiment, a range of concentrations of the adenovirus IL-2 vector were used to treat established tumors. Even with the maximal single-dose adenovirus concentration, IL-2 alone was ineffective as a single therapy. These results support the use of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of IL-2 as an effective immunotherapy when used adjuvantly with the tk "suicide gene".
Phase I Trial of the Positron-Emitting Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) Peptide Radioligand 18F-AH111585 in Breast Cancer Patients (2008)

18F-AH111585 designed to bind the alpha v beta3 integrin is safe, metabolically stable, and retained in tumor tissues and detects breast cancer lesions by PET in most anatomic sites.
Federalism in Securities Regulation: A Brief Introduction and Reflection (2006)

Federalism in Securities Regulation: Rethinking the Balance.'Those in attendance may have noticed a large banner hanging in the rotunda of the University of San Francisco School of Law.This banner proclaims the mission of the law school-"pursuing excellence and educating for justice."The symposia hosted by the University of San Francisco School of Law strive to place this abstract mission into a practical context by emphasizing social justice issues facing the legal community today. 2 While the esoteric details of federal securities law seem sometimes far removed from conventional social justice debate, recent scandals have put questions of corporate management and securities regulation on center stage.Within the last seven years we have seen some of the most shocking and incredible stories of accounting scandals and corporate malfeasance to come to light since the savings and loans scandals of the 1980s.Enron, once the seventh biggest company on Fortune's list of the top 500 with a market capitalization of over $60 billion, was forced to file for bankruptcy protection when, amongst other scandalous revelations, it was brought to light that shell companies were being used * U.
INTERACTION OF IgG HEAVY‐CHAIN ALLOTYPES (GM) AND HLA IN CONFERRING SUSCEPTIBILITY TO THYROID CARCINOMA (1986)

We have recently reported an increase in HLA-DR1 in 52 patients with thyroid epithelial cancer from Eastern Hungary (Juhasz et al., 1986). We have now investigated the association of IgG heavy chain markers (Gm) in 50 patients with this disease and explored possible interaction between Gm and HLA in modifying the risk for thyroid cancer. No Gm phenotype showed significant increases in the patients compared to 168 local controls. When both Gm and HLA, however, were considered, a marked heterogeneity in risk was noted. The odds ratio for DR1+fb+ homozygotes was 37.5, for DR1+fb- individuals 6.0 and for DR1-fb+ individuals 2.6 (DR1-fb- = 1.0). Thus Gm and HLA interact to enhance greatly the risk of thyroid cancer.
A scalable location service for geographic ad hoc routing (2000)

GLS is a new distributed location service which tracks mobile node locations. GLS combined with geographic forwarding allows the construction of ad hoc mobile networks that scale to a larger number of nodes than possible with previous work. GLS is decentralized and runs on the mobile nodes themselves, requiring no fixed infrastructure. Each mobile node periodically updates a small set of other nodes (its location servers) with its current location. A node sends its position updates to its location servers without knowing their actual identities, assisted by a predefined ordering of node identifiers and a predefined geographic hierarchy. Queries for a mobile node's location also use the predefined identifier ordering and spatial hierarchy to find a location server for that node.
Alcohol dehydrogenase: multiplicity and relatedness in the solvent-producing clostridia (1995)

Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is a key enzyme for the production of butanol, ethanol, and isopropanol by the solvent-producing clostridia. Initial studies of ADH in extracts of several strains of Clostridium acetobutylicum and C. beijerinckii gave conflicting molecular properties. A more coherent picture has emerged because of the following results: (i) identification of ADHs with different coenzyme specificities in these species; (ii) discovery of structurally conserved ADHs (type 3) in three solvent-producing species; (iii) isolation of mutants with deficiencies in butanol production and restoration of butanol production with a cloned alcohol/aldehyde dehydrogenase gene; and (iv) resolution of various 'C. acetobutylicum' cultures into four species. The three ADH isozymes of C. beijerinckii NRRL B592 have high sequence similarities to ADH-1 of Clostridium sp. NCP 262 (formerly C. acetobutylicum P262) and to the ADH domain of the alcohol/aldehyde dehydrogenase of C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824/DSM 792. The NADH-dependent activity of the ADHs from C. beijerinckii NRRL B592 and the BDHs from C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824 is profoundly affected by the pH of the assay, and the relative importance of NADH and NADPH to butanol production may be misappraised when NAD(P)H-dependent activities were measured at different pH values. The primary/secondary ADH of isopropanol-producing C. beijerinckii is a type-1 enzyme and is highly conserved in Thermoanaerobacter brockii (formerly Thermoanaerobium brockii) and Entamoeba histolytica. Several solvent-forming enzymes (primary ADH, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase) are very similar between C. beijerinckii and the species represented by Clostridium sp. NCP 262 and NRRL B643. The realization of such relationships will facilitate the elucidation of the roles of different ADHs because each type of ADH can now be studied in an organism most amenable to experimental manipulations.
PP.18.19 (2015)

Objective: High sodium intake has been associated with cardiovascular events. This relation is stronger in obese population. Albuminuria was also well known marker of cardiovascular disease. However, there were few data on sodium intake and albuminuria. Therefore, we examined the relation between high sodium intake and albuminuria. Design and method: From 2011 to 2012, data from 315 patients hospitalizing tertiary referral center in Korea were analyzed. These patients underwent ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and 24 hour urine collection. Albuminuria was grade as follows according to urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR): Normal, microalbuminuria, and overt albuminuria Results: The mean ages for normal-weight and obese patients were 60.5 and 58.7 years, respectively. The prevalence of microalbuminuria and overt albuminuria in obese patients were 7.8% and 3.6%. The mean 24 hour blood pressure (BP) of normal weight and obese patients were 122.2/73.4 mmHg and 125.6/76.1 mmHg, respectively. After adjustment for age, gender and creatinine clearance, and 24 hour systolic BP in obese patients, odd ratio of sodium to potassium ratio for overt albuminuria was 1.67 (95% CI: 1.05–2.67, p = 0.03) for overt albuminuria. However, in normal-weight group, sodium to potassium ratio was not associated with albuminuria. Only 24 hour systolic blood pressure showed a significant association with albuminuria. Conclusions: In conclusion, high sodium intake was associated with overt albuminuria in obese patients.
Whole cortex, 64 channel SQUID biomagnetometer system (1993)

The authors report on the development and testing of a novel, whole cortex, 64-channel superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) biomagnetometer system operating in an unshielded environment. The essential features of this instrument, including the cryogenics system, the room-temperature digital electronics, and signal processing capabilities, are described. A noise cancellation scheme is incorporated which allows extraction of biomagnetic signals over the surface of the cortex while operating in the presence of large background magnetic interference. A system description and the results of preliminary magneto-encephalographic measurements are presented. Measurements of noise performance and human auditory evoked response in an unshielded industrial environment have largely validated the noise cancellation methods incorporated in the instrument.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Molecules dancing in membranes (2005)

In 1828, a botanist named Robert Brown found that small pollen particles suspended in water migrated in an erratic fashion. Later it was realized that the dance Brown observed was essentially a two-dimensional random walk driven by thermal fluctuations, thus this Brownian motion was more intense at higher temperatures. The pioneering ideas and observations by Brown have inspired people for a long time to think about the fascinating aspects of random walks, and hence of diffusion. In this brief contribution, we consider this topic at complex biological interfaces known as cellular membranes and discuss how the dance of lipids and small molecules can be quantified through experiments and theoretical approaches. Some illustrative examples of diffusion in membrane systems are discussed.
Total Room Temperature Wet Cleaning for Si Substrate Surface (1996)

An ultraclean wafer surface is crucial for high quality processing in Si technologies. Cleaning of the Si wafer surface has been accomplished by RCA wet cleaning for the past quarter century, where there exists high temperature processes consisting of , and treatment. Thus, RCA cleaning requires a large number of processing steps, resulting in the consumption of a huge volume of liquid chemicals and ultrapure water, and simultaneously consuming a large volume of clean air exhaust to suppress chemical vapor from getting into the clean room. Total room temperature wet cleaning consisting of five cleaning steps has been developed for Si wafer surfaces, where consumption volume of liquid chemicals and ultrapure water has been reduced less than 1% and 5%, respectively, compared to that of RCA cleaning. The newly developed cleaning technology has been confirmed to contribute to future simplified and low cost manufacturing of ultralarge scale integrated devices.
Endocytosis of interleukin 2 receptors in human T lymphocytes: distinct intracellular localization and fate of the receptor alpha, beta, and gamma chains. (1995)

Members of the cytokine receptor family are composed of several noncovalently linked chains with sequence and structure homologies in their extracellular domain. Receptor subfamily members share at least one component: thus the receptors for interleukin (IL) 2 and IL15 have common beta and gamma chains, while those for IL2, 4, 7, and 9 have a common gamma chain. The intracellular pathway followed by IL2 receptors after ligand binding and endocytosis was analyzed by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy in a human T lymphocytic cell line. Surprisingly, the alpha, beta, and gamma chains had different intracellular localizations after being endocytosed together. The alpha chain was always in transferrin-positive compartments (early/recycling endosomes), both at early and late internalization times, but was never detected in rab7-positive compartments (late endosomes). On the other hand, at late internalization times, the beta and gamma chains were excluded from transferrin-positive organelles and did not colocalize with alpha. Furthermore, beta could be found in rab7-positive vesicles. These differences suggest that the alpha chain recycles to the plasma membrane, while the beta and gamma chains are sorted towards the degradation pathway. The half-lives of these three chains on the cell surface also reflect their different intracellular fates after endocytosis. The beta and gamma chains are very short-lived polypeptides since their half-life on the surface is only approximately 1 h, whereas alpha is a much more stable surface protein. This shows for the first time that components of a multimeric receptor can be sorted separately along the endocytic pathway.