gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mobile communications - icams: a mobile communication tool using location and schedule information (2004)

iCAMS, a new mobile communication tool for cellular phones, uses location and schedule information. By analyzing communication logs and the results from questionnaires and user interviews, we evaluated our systemand found the following: 1) Location information is good for estimating the callee's context, and enables serendipitous meetings. 2) The sorted list of communication channels in the callee's priority list helps callers and callees find a nexus between the caller's demands and the callee's wishes. 3) We should switch location-sensing methods according to distances in both real and mental space.
Incorporating physical implementation concerns into closed loop quantum control experiments (2000)

In quantum control experiments, it is desirable to build features into the field that address physical concerns such as simplicity, robustness, dynamical coherence, power expenditure, etc. With a judicious choice for the cost functional, it is possible to incorporate such secondary features into the field, often without altering the experimental procedure or apparatus. Through simulated closed-loop population transfer experiments, we demonstrate the benefit of carefully designed cost functionals. As specific examples, we address two common physical concerns: removing extraneous structure from the control pulse and finding robust fields. Removing unnecessary field components is critical if information about the mechanism is to be interpreted from the structure of the optimal pulse. Robust fields produce a stable outcome despite noise in the field and, perhaps, environmental inhomogeneities in the quantum system as is typical of condensed phase experiments.
Hydrolysis of Indole-3-Acetic Acid Esters Exposed to Mild Alkaline Conditions (1989)

Ester conjugates of indole-3-acetic acid are hydrolyzed easily in basic solutions; however, quantitative data have not been available on the relationship between pH and rate of hydrolysis of the known ester conjugates. The use of basic conditions during extraction or purification of IAA by several laboratories suggested that a more systematic analysis of this process was needed. In this report we present data indicating: (a) that measurable hydrolysis of IAA-glucose (from standard solutions) and IAA-esters (from maize kernel extracts) occurs with only a few hours of treatment at pH 9 or above; (b) that the lability of some ester conjugates is even greater than that of IAA-glucose; and (c) that ester hydrolysis of standard compounds, IAA-glucose and IAA-p-nitrophenol, occurs in the ;three phase extraction system' proposed by Liu and Tillberg ([1983] Physiol Plant 57: 441-447). These data indicate that the potential for problems with inadvertent hydrolysis of ester conjugates of IAA exists even at moderate pH values and in the multiphase system where exposure to basic conditions was thought to be limited.
Pleural Macrophage Recruitment and Activation in Asbestos-Induced Pleural Injury (1997)

Nonghoon Choe, Shogo Tanaka, Weijia Xia, David R. Hemenway, Victor L. Roggli, Elliott Kagan, Pleural Macrophage Recruitment and Activation in Asbestos-Induced Pleural Injury, Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 105, Supplement 5: Particle Toxicity (Sep., 1997), pp. 1257-1260
The placenta in pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction (2008)

Placental examination in pregnancies with complications such as pre-eclampsia/toxaemia of pregnancy (PET) or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) can provide insight into specific diagnoses, recurrence risk and chronicity. Placental findings have clinical significance as they can identify the aetiology of the IUGR (as in inborn errors of metabolism) and predict recurrence (as in maternal floor infarcts). Evaluation of obstetric pathology in such pregnancies should be an integral part of clinical care. This review will highlight the placental findings in IUGR and PET.
Effect of Yucca schidigera on ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestion in heifers. (1999)

In a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square experiment, six heifers (443 +/- 6.1 kg) fed a 61% barley grain:39% alfalfa silage diet (DM basis) were given intraruminal doses of powdered Yucca schidigera (YS). Doses of 0 (control), 20, or 60 g/d were given at 0800 daily. Ruminal content was sampled 0, 2, 4, and 6 h after dosing. Acidity, concentrations of reducing sugars, free amino acids, and peptides in the rumen were not affected (P > .05) by YS. Relative to control, ruminal ammonia concentration was reduced (P < .05) 2 h after YS dosing. Ruminal propionate concentration was increased (P < .05) by YS. Protozoal numbers in the rumen were lower (P < .05) with YS than without. Yucca did not affect (P > .05) rate or extent of in situ DM degradability. Fibrolytic, amylolytic, and proteolytic activities in ruminal contents were similar among treatments (P > .05). Dry matter intake, apparent digestibilities of DM, NDF, and CP, nitrogen balance, and microbial protein synthesis in the rumen were not affected (P > .05) by treatment. The effect of YS on ruminal ammonia concentration likely resulted from a decreased concentration of protozoa and, presumably, from ammonia binding by YS. The effect on ruminal propionate was probably a result of a selective inhibitory effect of YS on rumen microbial species.
SDS-induced Phenoloxidase Activity of Hemocyanins fromLimulus polyphemus, Eurypelma californicum, andCancer magister (2001)

Phenoloxidase, widely distributed among animals, plants, and fungi, is involved in many biologically essential functions including sclerotization and host defense. In chelicerates, the oxygen carrier hemocyanin seems to function as the phenoloxidase. Here, we show that hemocyanins from two ancient chelicerates, the horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus and the tarantula Eurypelma californicum, exhibit O-diphenoloxidase activity induced by submicellar concentrations of SDS, a reagent frequently used to identify phenoloxidase activity. The enzymatic activity seems to be restricted to only a few of the heterogeneous subunits. These active subunit types share similar topological positions in the quaternary structures as linkers of the two tightly connected 2 x 6-mers. Because no other phenoloxidase activity was found in the hemolymph of these animals, their hemocyanins may act as a phenoloxidase and thus be involved in the primary immune response and sclerotization of the cuticle. In contrast, hemolymph of a more recent arthropod, the crab Cancer magister, contains both hemocyanin with weak phenoloxidase activity and another hemolymph protein with relatively strong phenoloxidase activity. The chelicerate hemocyanin subunits showing phenoloxidase activity may have evolved into a separate phenoloxidase in crustaceans.
THE ROLE OF THE NUCLEUS BASALIS OF MEYNERT IN DEMENTIA: REVIEW AND RECONSIDERATION (1987)

The nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM), a cholinergic nuclear group located in the sublenticular region, receives afferent input principally from the limbic system and projects to most of the cerebral cortex. The nucleus is atrophic in dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) and several other dementing disorders and attempts have been made to relate cholinergic deficits as well as intellectual impairment to nbM alterations. A cortical cholinergic deficit is routinely associated with atrophy of nbM, but there is no consistent relationship between changes in nbM and histopathologic alterations of the Alzheimer type and a variable association between nbM changes and dementia. The available information suggests that atrophy of nbM and cortical cholinergic deficits have a contributory role in several dementia syndromes but cannot account for many pathologic and behavioral aspects of these disorders.
Synthesis of a Series of Fluorinated Boronate Compounds and Their Use as Additives in Lithium Battery Electrolytes (2004)

A new series of anion receptors based on boronate compounds have been synthesized. These compounds can be used as anion receptors in lithium battery electrolytes. The so-called boronate means that the compounds contain a boron bonded with two oxygen atoms and one carbon atom. This series includes various boronate compounds with different fluorinated aryl and fluorinated alkyl groups. When these anion receptors are used as additives in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) solutions containing various lithium salts, the ionic conductivities of these solutions are greatly increased. The electrolytes tested in this study were DME solutions containing the following lithium salts: LiF, and Without the additive, the solubility of LiF in DME (and all other nonaqueous solvents) is very low. With some of these boronate compounds as additives, LiF solutions in DME with concentration as high as 1 M were obtained. The solubilities of the other salts were also increased by these additives. Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy studies show that anions are complexed with these compounds in DME solutions containing LiI salts. The degree of complexation is also closely related to the structures of the fluorinated aryl and alkyl groups which act as electron-withdrawing groups. The NEXAFS results are in good agreement with ionic conductivity studies. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Abnormal expression of HSP gp96 associated with HBV replication in human hepatocellular carcinoma. (2006)

The abnormal expressions of HSP gp96 in HCC tissues are associated with HBV replication. This finding indicates that HBV infection plays an important role in the development of HCC.
Evidence for rapid selection and deletion of HIV-1 subpopulations in vivo by V3-specific neutralizing antibody: a model of humoral-associated selection. (1990)

Emergence in two chimpanzees of HIV-1 HTLV-IIIB variants resistant to neutralization by the pre-existing antibody is described. Viruses isolated from the HTLV-IIIB gp120 vaccinated and challenged animal were more resistant to neutralization, had more heterogenic genomes and showed more pronounced antigenic drift as determined by serotypic neutralization analysis than viruses isolated from the naive infected animal, indicating immune pressure as the selective mechanism. The earliest selecting antibody population detected in the chimpanzees appeared to be conformationally dependent. This was demonstrated by its ability to neutralize only the most replication-competent sub-populations of the HTLV-IIIB inoculum strain, yet was found to bind a HTLV-IIIB common nonapeptide (IQRGPGRAF) derived from the gp120 isolate-specific 3rd variable domain (V3) also known to induce isolate-specific neutralization in multiple species. Each of the recovered isolates had become resistant to neutralization by both a monoclonal (0.5 beta) and polyclonal HTLV-IIIB gp120 V3-specific antibody by as much as 16 to 256-fold. Amplification of the V3 coding sequence by polymerase chain reaction and subsequent sequence analysis of the neutralization-resistant variants obtained from in vivo infected animals indicated that resistance to neutralization was conferred by changes outside the direct binding site for the selective neutralizing antibody. Further studies indicated that apparent neutralization-resistant variants, yielded after in vitro passage through chimpanzee and human peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures void of HIV-specific antibody, result from the homogenic amplification of the more replication competent sub-population pre-existing in the original viral stock. These faster replicating sub-populations appear to dominate initially and therefore are the initial prime targets recognized by the chimpanzee humoral immune system upon infection in vivo and thus eliminated. The described finding of virus escape due to a conformationally-induced flexibility of the major neutralization epitope termed "conformational-V3 hypervariability", coupled to the known primary amino acid hypervariability of this epitope (V3) termed "linear-V3 hypervariability", may be all that is required by the virus to survive in an otherwise effective humoral immune system.
Double-Strand Break-Induced Targeted Mutagenesis in Plants (2012)

Double-strand breaks are very potent inducers of DNA recombination. There is no recombination between DNA molecules unless one or two DNA strands are broken. It has become feasible to introduce double-strand breaks at specific chromosomal loci by using dedicated, redesigned endonucleases with altered DNA-binding specificities. Such breaks are mainly repaired by error-prone nonhomologous recombination pathways in somatic cells, thus frequently producing mutations at the preselected chromosomal sites. Although the art and science of reengineering protein properties have been advancing quickly, an empirical validation of new endonucleases in a particular experimental environment is essential for successful targeted mutagenesis experiments. This chapter presents methods that were developed for a comprehensive evaluation of the DNA-binding and DNA-cutting activities of homing endonucleases in maize cells; however, they can be adopted for similar evaluation studies of other endonucleases and other plant species that are amenable for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.
Modeling pulmonary fibrosis with bleomycin (2011)

Despite its disadvantages, the bleomycin animal model remains the best available experimental tool for studying disease pathogenesis and testing of novel pharmaceutical compounds. Two such compounds currently showing some promise in clinical trials have emerged through the bleomycin model and preliminary results of basic research using this model have shown that more candidate compounds may follow in the near future.
Highly integrated optical phased arrays: photonic integrated circuits for optical beam shaping and beam steering (2016)

Abstract Technologies for efficient generation and fast scanning of narrow free‐space laser beams find major applications in three‐dimensional (3D) imaging and mapping, like Lidar for remote sensing and navigation, and secure free‐space optical communications. The ultimate goal for such a system is to reduce its size, weight, and power consumption, so that it can be mounted on, e.g. drones and autonomous cars. Moreover, beam scanning should ideally be done at video frame rates, something that is beyond the capabilities of current opto‐mechanical systems. Photonic integrated circuit (PIC) technology holds the promise of achieving low‐cost, compact, robust and energy‐efficient complex optical systems. PICs integrate, for example, lasers, modulators, detectors, and filters on a single piece of semiconductor, typically silicon or indium phosphide, much like electronic integrated circuits. This technology is maturing fast, driven by high‐bandwidth communications applications, and mature fabrication facilities. State‐of‐the‐art commercial PICs integrate hundreds of elements, and the integration of thousands of elements has been shown in the laboratory. Over the last few years, there has been a considerable research effort to integrate beam steering systems on a PIC, and various beam steering demonstrators based on optical phased arrays have been realized. Arrays of up to thousands of coherent emitters, including their phase and amplitude control, have been integrated, and various applications have been explored. In this review paper, I will present an overview of the state of the art of this technology and its opportunities, illustrated by recent breakthroughs.
[Artificial humidification of inspired gas--status of knowledge and technique]. (1997)

Artificial humidification of inspired air serves to maintain or restore physiological heat and moisture conditions in the bronchial system in intubated or tracheotomized patients. The need to condition the respiratory gases in these patients is undisputed. The present paper reviews the pathophysiology and methods of the artificial active and passive humidifying of inspired gases. The various advantages and disadvantages of the individual methods and techniques of humidifying inspired gases are compared and discussed. Present-day medical knowledge indicates that passive artificial humidifying of respiratory gases (heat and moisture exchanger, HME) is adequate to meet most requirements for warming and moistening the inspiratory air in patients whose upper airways are devoid of natural conditioning of respiratory gases in consequence of intubation and tracheotomy. This applies to artificial ventilation in prehospital situations, artificial ventilation in anaesthesia and long-term artificial ventilation on the intensive care unit. With appropriate restrictions, the respiratory air of patients who breathe spontaneously via an artificial air vent (e.g. tracheal cannula) can also be conditioned by HME.
High performance inverted structure perovskite solar cells based on a PCBM:polystyrene blend electron transport layer (2014)

Hybrid organic/inorganic perovskite solar cells are among the most competitive emerging photovoltaic technologies.
Affinity purification of active plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) using immobilized anhydrourokinase (1989)

Human Hep G2 hepatoma and HT 1080 fibrosarcoma cells were cultured in large scale under conditions which allowed enhanced secretion of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). A modified urokinase was obtained by reacting urokinase with phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride followed by alkali treatment. The resulting product, called anhydrourokinase, was found to reversibly bind the PAI-1 when immobilized on cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose 4B beads. Using this affinity absorbent, we have purified PAI-1 from the cell-conditioned media. A number of differences have been observed during Hep G2 and HT 1080 PAI purification. 1) The PAI activity in Hep G2 medium concentrate is more stable, and the concentrate depleted of active PAI-1 showed spontaneous regeneration of PAI-1 activity. In contrast, the PAI activity in HT 1080 medium concentrate declines rapidly on standing. 2) Hep G2 PAI-1 invariably copurified with an adhesive protein, vitronectin or its NH2-terminal fragment, while pure HT 1080 PAI-1 alone was obtained by affinity purification on anhydrourokinase-Sepharose 4B. 3) Based on specific activity measurement and complex formation analysis using a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique, the purified Hep G2 PAI-1 appears completely active while the HT 1080 PAI-1 is only one-fourth as active. SDS was found to exert dual effects on purified PAI-1s. SDS treatment partially inactivated a fully active Hep G2 PAI-1 and a moderately active HT 1080 PAI-1 but partially activated an HT 1080 PAI-1 whose activity had previously been allowed to decay to a very low level. Purified vitronectin was found to enhance and stabilize the PAI-1 activity of the partially active HT 1080 PAI-1. It is concluded that fully active PAI-1 in association with vitronectin can be isolated by anhydrourokinase-Sepharose 4B chromatography and that vitronectin is a binding protein for PAI-1 which activates and stabilizes PAI-1.
A General RNA Motif for Cellular Transfection (2012)

We have developed a selection scheme to generate nucleic acid sequences that recognize and directly internalize into mammalian cells without the aid of conventional delivery methods. To demonstrate the generality of the technology, two independent selections with different starting pools were performed against distinct target cells. Each selection yielded a single highly functional sequence, both of which folded into a common core structure. This internalization signal can be adapted for use as a general purpose reagent for transfection into a wide variety of cell types including primary cells.
Thrombospondin Promotes Cell-Substratum Adhesion (1987)

The physiological role of the platelet-secreted protein thrombospondin (TSP) is poorly understood, although it has been postulated to be involved in platelet aggregation and cellular adhesion. In this report, TSP isolated from human platelets was found to promote, in vitro, the cell-substratum adhesion of a variety of cells, including platelets, melanoma cells, muscle cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells. The adhesion-promoting activity of TSP was species independent, specific, and not due to contamination by fibronectin, vitronectin, laminin, or platelet factor 4. The cell surface receptor for TSP is protein in nature and appears distinct from that for fibronectin.
Generation of Infectious Hepatitis C Virus in Immortalized Human Hepatocytes (2006)

Progress in understanding hepatitis C virus (HCV) biology has remained a challenge due to the lack of an efficient cell culture system for virus growth. In this study, we examined HCV core protein-mediated immortalized human hepatocytes (IHH) for growth of HCV. In vitro-transcribed full-length RNA from HCV genotype 1a (clone H77) was introduced into IHH by electroporation. Reverse transcription-PCR of cellular RNA isolated from HCV genome-transfected IHH suggested that viral RNA replication occurred. IHH transfected with the full-length HCV genome also displayed viral protein expression by indirect immunofluorescence. In contrast, cells transfected with polymerase-defective HCV (H77/GND) RNA as a negative control did not exhibit expression of the viral genome. Immunogold labeling demonstrated localization of E1 protein in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of RNA-transfected IHH. Virus-like particles of approximately 50 nm were observed in the cytoplasm. After being inoculated with culture media of cells transfected with the full-length HCV genome, naïve IHH displayed NS5a protein expression in a dilution-dependent manner, but expression of NS5a was inhibited by prior incubation of culture medium with HCV-infected patient sera. NS5a-positive immunofluorescence of cell culture media of IHH transfected with full-length H77 RNA yielded approximately 4.5 x 10(4) to 1 x 10(5) focus-forming units/ml. A similar level of virus growth was observed upon transfection of RNA from HCV genotype 2a (JFH1) into IHH. Taken together, our results suggest that IHH support HCV genome replication and virus assembly.
Lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis as a route to esters of chiral epoxy alcohols (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLipase-catalyzed hydrolysis as a route to esters of chiral epoxy alcoholsWolfgang E. Ladner and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 23, 7250–7251Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00335a068Request reuse permissionsArticle Views753Altmetric-Citations212LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (301 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts