gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of a single α1‐adrenoceptor corresponding to the α1A‐subtype in rat submaxillary gland (1989)

1. The alpha 1-adrenoceptors present in membranes of rat liver, cortex and submaxillary gland were labelled with [3H]-prazosin and the affinity of 15 ligands for these receptors was determined. 2. In saturation studies, [3H]-prazosin bound with high affinity (Kd = 30-39 pM) to a single population of sites in all three preparations. 3. In competition studies using rat cortex, evidence for heterogeneity of the alpha 1-adrenoceptor binding sites was obtained. Displacement isotherms for amidephrine, benoxathian, oxymetazoline, phentolamine and WB 4101 were biphasic and were consistent with the presence of both alpha 1A- and alpha 1B-adrenoceptor subtypes as described by Morrow & Creese (1986) and Han et al. (1987). 4. The rat liver and submaxillary gland membrane preparations both possessed homogeneous populations of alpha 1-adrenoceptors. However, there were pharmacological differences between the receptors in these two preparations. Rat submaxillary gland alpha 1-adrenoceptors displayed high affinity for amidephrine, benoxathian, oxymetazoline, phentolamine and WB 4101 and therefore appeared to represent alpha 1A-adrenoceptors. Rat liver alpha 1-adrenoceptors possessed lower affinity for these ligands (6-65 fold) suggesting that these receptors were of the alpha 1B-subtype. 5. Spiperone exhibited 12.9 fold higher affinity for rat liver alpha 1B-adrenoceptors than for rat submaxillary gland alpha 1A-adrenoceptor and may therefore represent the first alpha 1B-adrenoceptor selective ligand.
The Three α2-Adrenergic Receptor Subtypes Achieve Basolateral Localization in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney II Cells via Different Targeting Mechanisms (1996)

The present studies examined the localization of the alpha2B- and alpha2C-adrenergic receptor (AR) subtypes in polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK II) and the mechanisms by which this is achieved. Previously we demonstrated that the alpha2AAR subtype is directly delivered to lateral subdomain of MDCK II cells. Surface biotinylation strategies demonstrated that the alpha2BAR, like the alpha2AAR, achieves 85-90% basolateral localization at steady-state. However, in contrast to the alpha2AAR, this polarization occurs after initial random insertion of the alpha2BAR into both apical and basolateral surfaces followed by selective retention on the lateral subdomain (t1/2 the apical surface is 15-30 min; t1/2 the basolateral surface is 8-10 h). The alpha2CAR also is enriched on the basolateral surface at steady-state and, like the alpha2AAR, is directly delivered there. Morphological evaluation of the epitope-tagged alpha2AAR, alpha2BAR, and alpha2CAR subtypes by laser confocal microscopy not only corroborated the biochemically-defined basolateral localization of all three alpha2AR subtypes but also revealed that the alpha2CAR uniquely exists in an intracellular compartment(s) as well. Immunofluorescence due to intracellular alpha2CAR partially overlaps that due to calnexin, a marker for endoplasmic reticulum, as well as that due to mannosidase II, a marker for the trans-Golgi network. Taken together, the present findings demonstrate that the alpha2AAR, alpha2BAR, and alpha2CAR subtypes, which possess highly homologous structures and ultimately achieve similar polarization to the lateral surface of MDCK II cells, nonetheless manifest distinct trafficking itineraries.
Novel method for the isolation and characterisation of the putative prostatic stem cell (2003)

The Hoechst 33342 dye efflux protocol can be adapted for the isolation of a SP from primary prostate tissue.
Mapping of the catalytic and epitopic sites of human CD38/NAD+ glycohydrolase to a functional domain in the carboxyl terminus. (1997)

We reported that 1) ecto-NAD+ glycohydrolase (NADase) activity induced upon differentiation of HL-60 cells is localized on the extracellular carboxyl-terminal side of CD38 and that 2) CD38 ligation by specific mAbs is followed by protein tyrosine phosphorylation in the cells. The strategy selected for identifying the relevant catalytic domains of the molecule relies upon the production in COS-7 cells of carboxyl-terminal deletion mutants of CD38. The mutants with fewer than 15 amino acids deleted at the carboxyl terminus of the 300-amino acid wild-type molecule maintained NADase activity, whereas those with more than 27 amino acids deleted did not. The general inference is that the carboxyl-terminal 273-285 sequence bears the site of enzyme activity. Introduction of site-directed mutation of a conserved cysteine residue (Cys275), located in the 273-285 sequence, completely abolished NADase activity. The second issue resolved in this work is the definition of an epitope of the agonistic anti-CD38 mAbs. To this aim, a panel of selected anti-CD38 mAbs was tested using these mutants and various CD38 fragments as the target in immunoblot analyses. All of the epitopes recognized by mAbs inducing protein tyrosine phosphorylation were mapped on an identical site containing the carboxyl-terminal sequence of 273-285. The conclusion is that the discrete carboxyl-terminal sequence identified in the present study not only plays a key role in its ecto-NADase activity, but actually constitutes the epitopes exploited by the agonistic anti-CD38 mAbs for transmembrane signaling.
Cell Surface Molecules Involved in Infection Mediated by Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Glycoprotein (2012)

The glycoprotein (GP) of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), the prototype arenavirus, is a promising envelope protein of lentiviral pseudotype vectors for gene therapy. The distribution of dystroglycan, a known receptor for LCMV, cannot explain the narrow tropism of LCMV-GP-pseudotypes. Here, we examined whether infection of LCMV-GP-pseudotypes was affected by the expression of four cell surface molecules-Axl and Tyro3 (from the TAM family) and DC-SIGN and LSECtin (from the C-type lectin family)-that are known receptors of Lassa virus, another arenavirus. All four molecules enhanced LCMV-GP-pseudotype infection of cells. These results help explain the tropism of LCMV-GP-pseudotypes and further our understanding of LCMV infection in animals.
Application of cryo-electron microscopy to self-assembled mixed monolayers for studying crystallinity and twinning (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplication of cryo-electron microscopy to self-assembled mixed monolayers for studying crystallinity and twinningI. Weissbuch, J. Majewski, L. Margulis, M. Lahav, and L. LeiserowitzCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 34, 8692–8695Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100136a006https://doi.org/10.1021/j100136a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A Highly Efficient Access to Spiroketals, Mono-unsaturated Spiroketals, and Furans: Hg(II)-Catalyzed Cyclization of Alkyne Diols and Triols (2011)

Hg(II) salts are identified as highly efficient catalysts for the versatile construction of spiroketals from alkyne diols in aqueous conditions. Monounsaturated spiroketals and furans were accessed with equal ease when propargylic triols (or propargylic diols) were subjected to similar conditions. Even the semiprotected alkyne diols gave the corresponding spiroketals with the same ease in a cascade manner. The reactions are instant and high yielding at ambient temperatures. Regioselectivity issues are well addressed.
Haptics-based dynamic implicit solid modeling (2004)

This paper systematically presents a novel, interactive solid modeling framework, Haptics-based Dynamic Implicit Solid Modeling, which is founded upon volumetric implicit functions and powerful physics-based modeling. In particular, we augment our modeling framework with a haptic mechanism in order to take advantage of additional realism associated with a 3D haptic interface. Our dynamic implicit solids are semi-algebraic sets of volumetric implicit functions and are governed by the principles of dynamics, hence responding to sculpting forces in a natural and predictable manner. In order to directly manipulate existing volumetric data sets as well as point clouds, we develop a hierarchical fitting algorithm to reconstruct and represent discrete data sets using our continuous implicit functions, which permit users to further design and edit those existing 3D models in real-time using a large variety of haptic and geometric toolkits, and visualize their interactive deformation at arbitrary resolution. The additional geometric and physical constraints afford more sophisticated control of the dynamic implicit solids. The versatility of our dynamic implicit modeling enables the user to easily modify both the geometry and the topology of modeled objects, while the inherent physical properties can offer an intuitive haptic interface for direct manipulation with force feedback.
ABCNN: Attention-Based Convolutional Neural Network for Modeling Sentence Pairs (2016)

How to model a pair of sentences is a critical issue in many NLP tasks such as answer selection (AS), paraphrase identification (PI) and textual entailment (TE). Most prior work (i) deals with one individual task by fine-tuning a specific system; (ii) models each sentence’s representation separately, rarely considering the impact of the other sentence; or (iii) relies fully on manually designed, task-specific linguistic features. This work presents a general Attention Based Convolutional Neural Network (ABCNN) for modeling a pair of sentences. We make three contributions. (i) The ABCNN can be applied to a wide variety of tasks that require modeling of sentence pairs. (ii) We propose three attention schemes that integrate mutual influence between sentences into CNNs; thus, the representation of each sentence takes into consideration its counterpart. These interdependent sentence pair representations are more powerful than isolated sentence representations. (iii) ABCNNs achieve state-of-the-art performance on AS, PI and TE tasks. We release code at: https://github.com/yinwenpeng/Answer_Selection .
Pulmonary surfactant apoprotein A structure and modulation of surfactant secretion by rat alveolar type II cells. (1988)

The pulmonary surfactant apoprotein with a reduced denatured molecular mass of 26-38 kDa (PSP-A) has recently been identified as an inhibitor of surfactant phospholipid secretion by isolated rat alveolar type II cells. We have investigated some of the structural determinants of PSP-A that are relevant to the inhibitory process. The PSP-A was isolated from rats given an intratracheal instillation of silica. The yield of PSP-A from silica-treated animals was 20-40-fold higher than that obtained from untreated animals. Reduction of PSP-A with 2-mercaptoethanol caused a reversible loss of biological activity that was restored by mild oxidation. Alkylation of the protein with excess iodoacetamide also led to inactivation, although titration with 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) indicated that the protein initially contained no free sulfhydryl moieties. Neither alkylation nor reduction plus alkylation completely prevented the formation of oligomers as determined by gel permeation analysis. The apparent molecular mass of PSP-A at 4 degrees C in low ionic strength buffers was 1.6 megadaltons, and at 37 degrees C in normal ionic strength buffers was greater than 1.5 megadaltons. Removal of the oligosaccharide moiety with endoglycosidase F also had no effect upon biological activity. Five distinct monoclonal antibodies recognizing peptides epitopes on PSP-A were produced. All monoclonal antibodies exhibited similar affinity for PSP-A and recognized the delipidated and deglycosylated form. Four monoclonal antibodies reacted with epitopes on PSP-A that altered its function as an inhibitor. One monoclonal antibody was clearly ineffective at altering the activity of PSP-A. These results demonstrate that: 1) disulfide bonds are required for the activity of PSP-A, 2) disruption of disulfides does not prevent the formation of oligomeric forms of PSP-A, 3) the oligosaccharide moiety is not essential for biological activity, and 4) monoclonal antibodies can be used to map the epitopes responsible for biological activity.
Photo-orientation of liquid crystals due to light-induced desorption and adsorption of dye molecules on an aligning surface (2001)

We show that adsorption of dye molecules control the light-induced alignment of dye-doped nematic liquid crystal (LC) on a nonphotosensitive polymer surface. The dependencies of light-induced twist structures on exposure, thermal baking, thickness, and aging before irradiation of the LC cells allowed us to propose the following mechanism for the alignment. Before irradiation, the "dark"-adsorbed layer on the tested surface is formed from dye molecules predominantly aligned along the initial direction of the director. Irradiation of the cell with linearly polarized light produces an additional layer with different orientational ordering of dye molecules. The final easy axis is determined by the competition of "dark" and light-induced contributions to anchoring and is aligned between the "dark" easy axes and polarization of the light. For quantitative interpretation, we apply the tensor model of anchoring and assume that the photoalignment in the mesophase is a cumulative effect of the light-induced anchoring on the background of the already existing anisotropic "dark" dye layer.
Predicting Elections with Twitter: What 140 Characters Reveal about Political Sentiment (2010)

Twitter is a microblogging website where users read and write millions of short messages on a variety of topics every day. This study uses the context of the German federal election to investigate whether Twitter is used as a forum for political deliberation and whether online messages on Twitter validly mirror offline political sentiment. Using LIWC text analysis software, we conducted a content-analysis of over 100,000 messages containing a reference to either a political party or a politician. Our results show that Twitter is indeed used extensively for political deliberation. We find that the mere number of messages mentioning a party reflects the election result. Moreover, joint mentions of two parties are in line with real world political ties and coalitions. An analysis of the tweets’ political sentiment demonstrates close correspondence to the parties' and politicians’ political positions indicating that the content of Twitter messages plausibly reflects the offline political landscape. We discuss the use of microblogging message content as a valid indicator of political sentiment and derive suggestions for further research.
General anesthetic actions in vivo strongly attenuated by a point mutation in the GABA A receptor β3 subunit (2002)

General anesthetics are widely used in clinical practice. On the molecular level, these compounds have been shown to modulate the activity of various neuronal ion channels. However, the functional relevance of identified sites in mediating essential components of the general anesthetic state, such as immobility and hypnosis, is still unknown. Using gene-targeting technology, we generated mice harboring a subtle point mutation (N265M) in the second transmembrane region of the beta3 subunit of the GABA(A) receptor. In these mice, the suppression of noxious-evoked movements in response to the intravenous anesthetics etomidate and propofol is completely abolished, while only slightly decreased with the volatile anesthetics enflurane and halothane. beta3(N265M) mice also display a profound reduction in the loss of righting reflex duration in response to intravenous but not volatile anesthetics. In addition, electrophysiological recordings revealed that anesthetic agents were significantly less effective in enhancing GABA(A) receptor-mediated currents, and in decreasing spontaneous action potential firing in cortical brain slices derived from mutant mice. Taken together, our results demonstrate that a single molecular target, and indeed a specific residue (N265) located within the GABA(A) receptor beta3 subunit, is a major determinant of behavioral responses evoked by the intravenous anesthetics etomidate and propofol, whereas volatile anesthetics appear to act via a broader spectrum of molecular targets.
Immunoconjugates : antibody conjugates in radioimaging and therapy of cancer (1987)

C W Vogel: Targeting of toxins, radioisotopes, and biological response modifiers Kenneth O Lloyd: Human tumor antigens: targets for mouse monoclonal antibodies Edward J Wawrzynczak & Philip E Thorpe: Methods for preparing immunotoxins: effect of the linkage on activity and stability R Jerrold Fulton, Nancy Street, Jonathan W Uhr & Ellen S Vitetta: Immunotoxins containing Ricin A and B chains L L Houston & S Ramakrishnan: Immunotoxins made with toxins and hemitoxins other than Ricin P Casellas & Franz K Jansen: Enhancement of A-chain immunotoxins by pharmacological agents Vic Raso: Mediation of toxin entry into cells via naturally occurring ligand receptor sites Richard J Youle & David M Neville Jr: Role of endocytosis and receptor recycling in ligand-toxin and antibody-toxin conjugate activity Carl-Wilhelm Vogel: Antibody conjugates without inherent toxicity: the targeting of cobra venom factor and other biological response modifiers Michael Sela & Esther Hurwitz: Conjugates of antibodies with cytotoxic drugs Daniel Vallera: The use of immunotoxins in bone marrow transplantation: eradication of T cells and leukemic cells Alton C Morgan Jr, John W Pearson & Robert K Oldham: Preclinical evaluation of immunoconjugates David M Goldenberg, Hildegard Goldenberg & F James Primus: Cancer diagnosis and therapy with radio-labelled antibodies Robert K Oldham: Perspectives on the use of immunotoxins in clinical medicine Lynn E Spitler: Phase 1 clinical trials with immunoconjugates.
Total Synthesis of Epothilones B and D (2001)

[reaction: see text] A highly convergent total synthesis of the natural products epothilone B and D is described. The route is highlighted by efficient generation of a C12-C13 trisubstituted olefin which exploits a sequential Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi coupling and a stereoselective thionyl chloride rearrangement.
Increased Intratumor Vα24-Positive Natural Killer T Cells: A Prognostic Factor for Primary Colorectal Carcinomas (2005)

Increased infiltration of Valpha24+ NKT cells was observed in colorectal carcinomas. Higher Valpha24+ NKT-cell infiltration in colorectal carcinomas was an independent prognostic factor for favorable prognosis.
Computer Intrusion Detection Based on Bayes Factors for Comparing Command Transition Probabilities (1999)

This statistical method can compare in real time the sequence of commands given by each user to a profile of that user&amp;apos;s past behavior. We use a Bayes Factor statistic to test the null hypothesis that the observed command transition priobabilities come from a profiled transition matrix. The alternative hypothesis is formed as a Dirichlet mixture of multinomial command probabilities. Based on a population of research users on a single computer, data from some users are inserted into the histories of other users to simulate intrusions. The Bayes factor based on the observation of a block of 100 commands had a false alarm rate of about 6.6% while detecting about 78% of blocks from simulated intrusions. We integrate the test into a detection scheme using control charts.
Involvement of the Histone Acetyltransferase AtHAC1 in the Regulation of Flowering Time via Repression of FLOWERING LOCUS C in Arabidopsis (2007)

Histone acetylation is an important posttranslational modification correlated with gene activation. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the histone acetyltransferase AtHAC1 is homologous to animal p300/CREB (cAMP-responsive element-binding protein)-binding proteins, which are the main histone acetyltransferases participating in many physiological processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The functions of p300/CREB-binding proteins in animals are well characterized, whereas little is known about the roles of AtHAC1 in developmental control in Arabidopsis. Lesions in AtHAC1 caused pleiotropic developmental defects, including delayed flowering, a shortened primary root, and partially reduced fertility. Analysis of the molecular basis of late flowering in hac1 mutants showed that the hac1 plants respond normally to day length, gibberellic acid treatment, and vernalization. Furthermore, the expression level of the flowering repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) is increased in hac1 mutants, indicating that the late-flowering phenotype of hac1 mutants is mediated by FLC. Since histone acetylation is usually associated with the activation of gene expression, histone modifications of FLC chromatin are not affected by mutations in HAC1 and expression levels of all known autonomous pathway genes are unchanged in hac1 plants, we propose that HAC1 affects flowering time by epigenetic modification of factors upstream of FLC.
Green diesel from Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis: challenges and hurdles. (2007)

Abstract: Kyoto’s protocol respects the view that, within the context of worldwide preservation and improvement, the quality of life is impossible to maintain without bringing forward new and replacement technologies. Energy supply is perhaps the most significant contributing vector and it is, in consequence, intrinsically linked to nearly all environmental actions. Liquid fuels, such as diesel oil, for transportation and heating needs, are in the centre of these preoccupations. The Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis is an “old ” technology but it can be adapted for use with syngas, biosyngas or biogas, for the production of diesel oil. Such diesel fuel oil, when coming from renewable sources, such as “biomass”, is called “green diesel”. This present work outlines the actual status of the FTS technology and details the scientific challenges, and the technical hurdles, associated with the use of renewable feedstocks and the newly developed “nanometric catalysts”. A recently commenced Canadian R&amp;amp;D project in this technical area is also briefly presented.