gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A machine vision system for in-situ quality inspection in metal powder-bed additive manufacturing (2016)

In-situ inspection of geometric accuracy and porosity in metal powder-bed additive manufacturing (AM) using visual camera images was proposed and addressed. For the first time, an imaging setup and the required machine vision (MV) algorithms were developed, implemented, and evaluated to inspect the part cross sectional geometry and to provide an assessment of porosity, in metal powder-bed AM, by direct visualization of porosity from in-situ visual camera images. A visual imaging setup was developed to produce images in-situ from each layer that visualize the fused objects in the layer of powder and the detailed surface quality in terms of formed porosity. Appropriate image processing algorithms were designed and implemented for detection of fused geometric objects and estimation of the geometric parameters. Geometric objects were detected with a boundary point-to-point (root-mean-square) error of 81 microns. Formed porosity was directly detected from the camera images of the layers using machine vision algorithms. In addition to detection of individual pores, an intelligent approach was proposed and implemented to identify defective regions in the part layer that provides a qualitative assessment of porosity. For this purpose, a statistical Bayesian framework was developed and trained based on texture features. The Bayesian network was designed to maximize the Figure of Merit and finally led to sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 82%. In addition to offering an efficient MV-based inspection system, this work also provides an infrastructure for developing more precise and confident imaging and detection systems for powder-bed AM for visible-light camera images as well as other sources of 2D measurements such as height maps, microscopic images, and stereo imaging.
TRAF6 Stimulates the Tumor-Promoting Effects of TGFβ Type I Receptor Through Polyubiquitination and Activation of Presenilin 1 (2014)

Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) can be both a tumor promoter and suppressor, although the mechanisms behind the protumorigenic switch remain to be fully elucidated. The TGFβ type I receptor (TβRI) is proteolytically cleaved in the ectodomain region. Cleavage requires the combined activities of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and TNF-α-converting enzyme (TACE). The cleavage event occurs selectively in cancer cells and generates an intracellular domain (ICD) of TβRI, which enters the nucleus to mediate gene transcription. Presenilin 1 (PS1), a γ-secretase catalytic core component, mediates intramembrane proteolysis of transmembrane receptors, such as Notch. We showed that TGFβ increased both the abundance and activity of PS1. TRAF6 recruited PS1 to the TβRI complex and promoted lysine-63-linked polyubiquitination of PS1, which activated PS1. Furthermore, PS1 cleaved TβRI in the transmembrane domain between valine-129 and isoleucine-130, and ICD generation was inhibited when these residues were mutated to alanine. We also showed that, after entering the nucleus, TβRI-ICD bound to the promoter and increased the transcription of the gene encoding TβRI. The TRAF6- and PS1-induced intramembrane proteolysis of TβRI promoted TGFβ-induced invasion of various cancer cells in vitro. Furthermore, when a mouse xenograft model of prostate cancer was treated with the γ-secretase inhibitor DBZ {(2S)-2-[2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-acetylamino]-N-(5-methyl-6-oxo-6,7-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,d]azepin-7-yl)-propionamide}, generation of TβRI-ICD was prevented, transcription of the gene encoding the proinvasive transcription factor Snail1 was reduced, and tumor growth was inhibited. These results suggest that γ-secretase inhibitors may be useful for treating aggressive prostate cancer.
The Impact of Sport Management Students’ Perceptions of Study Abroad Programs on Their Intentions to Study Abroad (2008)

The purpose of this study was to examine students’ perceptions of sport management study abroad programs through the application of social cognitive career theory. Two studies were conducted. The focus of Study 1 (n = 19) was to qualitatively assess the factors that facilitate (i.e., supports) or impede (i.e., barriers) intentions to study abroad. Study 2 (n = 71) incorporated the results from Study 1, providing a quantitative aspect to the research. The results of the observed path analysis yielded strong support for the model: supports and barriers were associated with study abroad self-efficacy, which was, in turn, positively associated with interest in such activities. Finally, interest was strongly associated with choice goals. Implications for sport management education are discussed.
Antithrombotic Agents in the Prevention of Ischemic Stroke (2009)

The role of antithrombotic drugs in the prevention of cerebral infarction is well established: antiplatelet drugs, at present mostly aspirin, clopidogrel, and aspirin + extended-release dipyridamole, decrease the relative risk of cerebral infarction, myocardial infarction and vascular death by 25% in patients with a cerebral ischemic event due to large- or small-artery disease of the brain. In primary prevention, aspirin decreases stroke risk by 19% in women but not in men. In patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), aspirin decreases the risk of ischemic stroke by 20%. Oral anticoagulants, at present only vitamin K antagonists, decrease the risk of cerebral infarction in NVAF by 65-70% compared with placebo and by 40% compared with aspirin. Oral anticoagulants are as effective as aspirin in arterial diseases of the brain, but induce more hemorrhages and are less convenient. Studies are ongoing with new antiplatelet drugs and new anticoagulants which might modify the present state of the art. Studies are also needed to evaluate the benefit/risk ratio of the combination of anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs in aged subjects with both NVAF and arterial diseases of the brain.
Very high incidence of germ cell tumorigenesis (seminomagenesis) in human papillomavirus type 16 transgenic mice (1991)

Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) is frequently found in carcinomas and precancerous lesions of the uterine cervix and is thought to be closely associated with carcinogenesis in these regions. However, the transforming activity of the E6 and E7 genes in vivo has not been characterized. To investigate this function, we produced transgenic mice carrying HPV16 E6 and E7 open reading frames. We obtained five transgenic founders and established three transgenic lineages. We observed testicular tumors of germ cell origin in mice of all three lineages. Morphological studies showed that these tumors were a type of seminoma. Both testes of all tumor-bearing mice were affected with this type of tumor. Strikingly, in one lineage, all of the male mice developed this tumor. On Northern (RNA) analysis, a high level of expression of HPV mRNA was detected in these tumors. These results suggest that transforming genes of HPV16 have transforming activity in vivo and preferential effects on germ cells in the testis.
What is the best multi-stage architecture for object recognition? (2009)

In many recent object recognition systems, feature extraction stages are generally composed of a filter bank, a non-linear transformation, and some sort of feature pooling layer. Most systems use only one stage of feature extraction in which the filters are hard-wired, or two stages where the filters in one or both stages are learned in supervised or unsupervised mode. This paper addresses three questions: 1. How does the non-linearities that follow the filter banks influence the recognition accuracy? 2. does learning the filter banks in an unsupervised or supervised manner improve the performance over random filters or hardwired filters? 3. Is there any advantage to using an architecture with two stages of feature extraction, rather than one? We show that using non-linearities that include rectification and local contrast normalization is the single most important ingredient for good accuracy on object recognition benchmarks. We show that two stages of feature extraction yield better accuracy than one. Most surprisingly, we show that a two-stage system with random filters can yield almost 63% recognition rate on Caltech-101, provided that the proper non-linearities and pooling layers are used. Finally, we show that with supervised refinement, the system achieves state-of-the-art performance on NORB dataset (5.6%) and unsupervised pre-training followed by supervised refinement produces good accuracy on Caltech-101 (> 65%), and the lowest known error rate on the undistorted, unprocessed MNIST dataset (0.53%).
Motif identification neural design for rapid and sensitive protein family search (1996)

A new method, the motif identification neural design (MOTIFIND), has been developed for rapid and sensitive protein family identification. The method is an extension of our previous gene classification artificial neural system and employs new designs to enhance the detection of distant relationships. The new designs include an n-gram term weighting algorithm for extracting local motif patterns, an enhanced n-gram method for extracting residues of long-range correlation, and integrated neural networks for combining global and motif sequence information. The system has been tested and compared with several existing methods using three protein families, the cytochrome c, cytochrome b and flavodoxin. Overall it achieves 100% sensitivity and > 99.6% specificity, an accuracy comparable to BLAST, but at a speed of approximately 20 times faster. The system is much more robust than the PROSITE search which is based on simple signature patterns. MOTIFIND also compares favorably with BLIMPS, the Hidden Markov Model and PROFILESEARCH in detecting fragmentary sequences lacking complete motif regions and in detecting distant relationships, especially for members of under-represented subgroups within a family. MOTIFIND may be generally applicable to other proteins and has the potential to become a full-scale database search and sequence analysis tool.
Depletion of Thymus-Derived CD4+CD25+ T Cells Abrogates the Suppressive Effects of α-galactosylceramide Treatment on Experimental Allergic Conjunctivitis (2008)

We showed previously that α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) treatment elevated splenic CD4+ CD25+Foxp3+ T-cell numbers and suppressed the development of experimental allergic conjunctivitis (EC). Here, we investigated whether CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells mediate the suppressive effects of α-GalCer treatment on EC. To deplete CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells, neonatal mice were thymectomized and intraperitoneally injected with anti-CD25 Ab. At 6 weeks of age, these mice were immunized with ragweed (RW) in aluminum hydroxide. Ten days later, the mice were challenged with RW in eye drops and 24 hours later, the conjunctivas and spleens were harvested for histological and flow cytometric analyses, respectively. α-GalCer or vehicle was injected 2 hours prior to RW challenge. In addition, α-GalCer was injected into thymus-intact EC-developing mice that had not been treated with anti-CD25 Ab. α-GalCer treatment significantly suppressed EC in the thymus-intact mice that had not been treated with anti-CD25 Ab. In contrast, α-GalCer treatment of thymectomized and anti-CD25 Ab-treated mice did not affect the severity of EC or splenic CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T-cell numbers. However, α-GalCer treatment did significantly increase splenic CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T-cell numbers in thymectomized mice that had not received anti-CD25 Ab. α-GalCer treatment during the effector phase of EC increased CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T-cell numbers, which in turn suppressed the development of EC.
Rapamycin and IL-2 reduce lethal acute graft-versus-host disease associated with increased expansion of donor type CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (2011)

Previous work has demonstrated that both rapamycin (RAPA) and IL-2 enhance CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ regulatory T-cell (Treg) proliferation and function in vitro. We investigated whether the combination of RAPA plus IL-2 could impact acute GVHD induction after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). RAPA plus IL-2 resulted in improved survival and a reduction in acute GVHD lethality associated with an increased expansion of donor type CD4⁺Foxp3⁺ Tregs and reduced CD4⁺CD25⁻ conventional T cells (Tcons). RAPA plus IL-2, but not either drug alone, increased both expansion of donor natural Tregs and conversion of induced Tregs from donor CD25⁻ Tcons while IL-2 alone increased conversion of Tregs from CD25⁻ Tcon. RAPA plus IL-2 treatment resulted in less production of IFN-γ and TNF, cytokines known to be important in the initiation of acute GVHD. These studies indicate that the pharmacologic stimulation of T cells with IL-2 and the suppression of Tcon proliferation with RAPA result in a selective expansion of functional Tregs and suppression of acute GVHD.
Interleukin 6 and autoantibodies in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. (1993)

Our results suggest that IL-6 may promote the production of IgG and IgA RF and IgG antinative type II collagen antibodies.
Photoangioplasty (2000)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been studied and applied to various disease processes. The potential of PDT for selective destruction of target tissues is especially appealing in cardiovascular disease, in which other existing interventional tools are somewhat nonselective and carry substantial risk of damage to the normal arterial wall. Enthusiasm for photoangioplasty (PDT of vascular de novo atherosclerotic and, potentially, restenotic lesions) is fueled by more effective second-generation photosensitizers and technological advances in endovascular light delivery. This excitement revolves around at least 4 significant attributes of light-activated therapy: the putative selectivity and safety of photoangioplasty, the potential for atraumatic and effective debulking of atheromatous plaque through a biological mechanism, the postulated capability to reduce or inhibit restenosis, and the potential to treat long segments of abnormal vessel by simply using fibers with longer light-emitting regions. The available nonclinical data, coupled with the observations of a new phase I trial in human peripheral atherosclerosis, suggest a promising future for photoangioplasty in the treatment of primary atherosclerosis and prevention of restenosis.
Hydrolytic polymerization of ferric citrate. I. Chemistry of the polymer (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrolytic polymerization of ferric citrate. I. Chemistry of the polymerThomas G. Spiro, Leon. Pape, and Paul. SaltmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 22, 5555–5559Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00998a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00998a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views798Altmetric-Citations145LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nanosheet thickness-modulated MoS2dielectric property evidenced by field-effect transistor performance (2012)

We report on the nanosheet-thickness effects on the performance of top-gate MoS(2) field-effect transistors (FETs), which is directly related to the MoS(2) dielectric constant. Our top-gate nanosheet FETs with 40 nm thin Al(2)O(3) displayed at least an order of magnitude higher mobility than those of bottom-gate nanosheet FETs with 285 nm thick SiO(2), benefiting from the dielectric screening by high-k Al(2)O(3). Among the top-gate devices, the single-layered FET demonstrated the highest mobility of ∼170 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) with 90 mV dec(-1) as the smallest subthreshold swing (SS) but the double- and triple-layered FETs showed only ∼25 and ∼15 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) respectively with the large SS of 0.5 and 1.1 V dec(-1). Such property degradation with MoS(2) thickness is attributed to its dielectric constant increase, which could rather reduce the benefits from the top-gate high-k dielectric.
Wireless powering and data telemetry for biomedical implants (2009)

Wireless powering and data telemetry techniques for two biomedical implant studies based on (1) wireless in vivo EMG sensor for intelligent prosthetic control and (2) adaptively RF powered implantable bio-sensing microsystem for real-time genetically engineered mice monitoring are presented. Inductive-coupling-based RF powering and passive data telemetry is effective for wireless in vivo EMG sensing, where the internal and external RF coils are positioned with a small separation distance and fixed orientation. Adaptively controlled RF powering and active data transmission are critical for mobile implant application such as real-time physiological monitoring of untethered laboratory animals. Animal implant studies have been successfully completed to demonstrate the wireless and batteryless in vivo sensing capabilities.
Antiretroviral therapies in HIV-1 infection (1997)

Recent progress in our understanding of the viral dynamics and immunobiology of HIV infection, coupled with the introduction of a new generation of antiretroviral agents, has led to significant advances in the medical management of HIV infection. Eleven antiretroviral drugs are currently licensed in the United States, and eight are licensed in Europe. These include the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (AZT, ddI, ddC, 3TC and d4T); the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nevirapine and delavirdine) and the protease inhibitors (saquinavir, indinavir and ritonavir). This report summarises recent developments in the use of antiretroviral therapies and the main treatment strategies under evaluation in current trials. These strategies include the evaluation of novel antiretroviral agents; combinations to achieve maximal viral suppression; optimal sequencing of antiretroviral agents; and subtraction therapy. However, many important issues in the use of antiretroviral therapies remain unresolved, including the optimal role of new agents, such as protease inhibitors (PIs), and the use of triple combination therapy in initial and subsequent treatment regimens; when therapy should be changed; which alternative agents should then be used; and the most appropriate methods for monitoring the efficacy of therapy.
Space-time coded transmissions with maximum diversity gains over frequency-selective multipath fading channels (2002)

We study space-time block coding for single carrier block transmissions through frequency selective multipath channels of order L. We prove that maximum diversity of order 2(L + 1) can be achieved with two transmit and one receive antennas. We show that simple linear receiver processing can achieve full antenna diversity gains, and investigate the performance versus complexity tradeoffs that emerge when the embedded multipath diversity is also exploited. Simulation results demonstrate that joint exploitation of multi-antenna and multipath diversities yields significantly enhanced performance in frequency selective multipath channels.
Neural stem cells: Progression of basic research and perspective for clinical application. (2002)

It has long been thought that functional regeneration of the injured central nervous system (CNS) is impossible, as Santiago Ramóny Cajal described in the early 20th century, "once the development was ended, the fonts of growth and regeneration ... dried up irrevocably". In mammalian neural development, most neuronal production (neurogenesis) occurs in the embryonic stage. However, recent findings indicate that neurogenesis continues in the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, and dentate gyrus of adult mammalian animals, from the neural stem cells (NSCs). Recently developed techniques have made it possible to isolate, culture, and grow pluripotent self-renewing NSCs from both embryonic and adult brains. This basic research is attracting a lot of attention because of the hope that it will lead to regeneration and reconstruction therapy for the damaged CNS. In this review, recent findings on the stem cell biology of the CNS and strategies for its potential therapeutic application will be discussed.
Antigenic variation of gonococcal pilus involves assembly of separated silent gene segments. (1986)

The pilus is a major outer-membrane protein of Neisseria gonorrhoeae that undergoes phase and antigenic variation. In strain MS11 pilus expression is regulated at two expression loci on the chromosome, pilE1 and pilE2, although many other regions contain silent pilin information. A comparison of variant pilin sequences has revealed that the gene can be divided into a constant, a semivariable, and a hypervariable region. We report here that complete pilin genes are found only at the expression loci. Silent constant and variable region pilin gene segments are located on separate and distinct restriction fragments, and the generation of a complete pilin gene within the expression loci is the result of multiple recombination events. Conserved sequences within and flanking the pilin gene are proposed to act as recombination sites during the gene conversion events needed to produce a functional pilin gene.
Blockade of LOX-1 Prevents Endotoxin-Induced Acute Lung Inflammation and Injury in Mice (2008)

Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-1 (LOX-1), a cell surface receptor expressed in endothelial cells, is known to mediate oxidized LDL-induced vascular inflammation and atherogenesis. Although the role of LOX-1 in vascular inflammation has been well established, its involvement in acute lung inflammation and injury remains unclear. In the present study, we examined the effects of a LOX-1-blocking antibody on lung inflammation in a mouse endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury model. We demonstrated that intraperitoneal challenge with LPS induced a rapid and robust increase in LOX-1 expression in mouse lung. Pre-treatment of mice with anti-LOX-1-blocking antibody significantly inhibited LPS-induced lung inflammation as indicated by decreased neutrophil accumulation in the lung. Furthermore, anti-LOX-1 was capable of inhibiting LPS-induced inflammatory responses, including NF-kappaB activation, ICAM-1 expression and apoptotic signaling, in mouse lung. Collectively, these results indicate that LOX-1 may serve as a valuable therapeutic target in the prevention of acute lung inflammation and injury in sepsis.