gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly conductive and environmentally stable gold/graphene yarns for flexible and wearable electronics (2017)

Here, we fabricated high-performance gold/graphene yarns through a facile method by the electroless deposition of gold nanoparticles onto the surface of graphene yarns. The gold/graphene yarns are fabricated using a completely solution-based process that can be scaled up for practical applications. They possess high electrical conductivity (2.86 × 10<sup>2</sup> S cm<sup>-1</sup>) and good gravimetric specific conductivity (6.81 × 10<sup>2</sup> S cm<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>) as well as good reliability under 1000 bending tests with a maximum bending angle of 170° and 10 washing tests with laundry detergents. These stable conducting yarns could also be integrated into textiles and clothes in various forms to create smart fabrics and wearable devices. In addition, this facile approach is easily applicable to various graphene films and devices on soft substrates that are presently used in flexible/wearable electronics.
EKHunter: A Counter-Offensive Toolkit for Exploit Kit Infiltration (2015)

Author(s): Birhanu Eshete, Abeer Alhuzali, Maliheh Monshizadeh, Phillip Porras, V.N. Venkatakrishnan, Vinod Yegneswaran Download: Paper (PDF) Date: 8 Feb 2015 Document Type: Briefing Papers Additional Documents: Slides Associated Event: NDSS Symposium 2015 Abstract: The emergence of exploit kits is one of the most important developments in modern cybercrime. Much of cybersecurity research in the recent … Continued
Cardiac effects of calcium channel blockers in human volunteers (1992)

The effects of oral nifedipine (NFD, 10 mg), verapamil (VPL, 80 mg) and diltiazem (DLZ, 60 mg) on supine heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and systolic time interval (STI) were compared in a double blind cross-over study in 6 normal volunteers. STI was calculated by serial recording of ECG, carotid pulse and phonocardiogram before and 15, 30, 60 and 120 min. following drug intake. There was a fall in systolic and diastolic BP and the ratios of pre-ejection period-and left ventricular ejection time were significantly reduced with the three CCBs when compared to pretreatment values. HR was significantly increased by NFD but reduced by both VPL and DLZ. Maximum effect in all parameters recorded was obtained at 30 min. Side effects were assessed by questionnaire with all the drugs.
cdc2 Gene Expression at the G 1 to S Transition in Human T Lymphocytes (1990)

The product of the cdc2 gene, designated p34cdc2, is a serine-threonine protein kinase that controls entry of eukaryotic cells into mitosis. Freshly isolated human T lymphocytes (G0 phase) were found to have very low amounts of p34cdc2 and cdc2 messenger RNA. Expression of cdc2 increased 18 to 24 hours after exposure of T cells to phytohemagglutinin, coincident with the G1 to S transition. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides could reduce the increase in cdc2 expression and inhibited DNA synthesis, but had no effect on several early and mid-G1 events, including blastogenesis and expression of interleukin-2 receptors, transferrin receptors, c-myb, and c-myc. Induction of cdc2 required prior induction of c-myb and c-myc. These results suggest that cdc2 induction is part of an orderly sequence of events that occurs at the G1 to S transition in T cells.
Quantification of the Relationship Between Insulin Sensitivity and β-Cell Function in Human Subjects: Evidence for a Hyperbolic Function (1993)

To determine the relationship between insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function, we quantified the insulin sensitivity index using the minimal model in 93 relatively young, apparently healthy human subjects of varying degrees of obesity (55 male, 38 female; 18-44 yr of age; body mass index 19.5-52.2 kg/m2) and with fasting glucose levels < 6.4 mM. SI was compared with measures of body adiposity and beta-cell function. Although lean individuals showed a wide range of SI, body mass index and SI were related in a curvilinear manner (P < 0.0001) so that on average, an increase in body mass index was associated generally with a lower value for SI. The relationship between the SI and the beta-cell measures was more clearly curvilinear and reciprocal for fasting insulin (P < 0.0001), first-phase insulin response (AIRglucose; P < 0.0001), glucose potentiation slope (n = 56; P < 0.005), and beta-cell secretory capacity (AIRmax; n = 43; P < 0.0001). The curvilinear relationship between SI and the beta-cell measures could not be distinguished from a hyperbola, i.e., SI x beta-cell function = constant. This hyperbolic relationship described the data significantly better than a linear function (P < 0.05). The nature of this relationship is consistent with a regulated feedback loop control system such that for any difference in SI, a proportionate reciprocal difference occurs in insulin levels and responses in subjects with similar carbohydrate tolerance. We conclude that in human subjects with normal glucose tolerance and varying degrees of obesity, beta-cell function varies quantitatively with differences in insulin sensitivity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification of LDLR enhances molecular diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia (2004)

Autosomal dominant (AD) familial hypercholesterolemia [FH; Mendelian Inheritance in Man (MIM) 143890] typically results from mutations in the LDL receptor gene (LDLR), which are now commonly diagnosed using exon-by-exon screening methods, such as exon-by-exon sequence analysis (EBESA) of genomic DNA (gDNA). However, many patients with FH have no LDLR mutation identified by this method. Part of the diagnostic gap is attributable to the genetic heterogeneity of AD FH, but another possible explanation is inadequate sensitivity of EBESA to detect certain mutation types, such as large deletions or insertions in LDLR. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) is a new method that detects larger gDNA alterations that are overlooked by EBESA. We hypothesized that some FH patients with no LDLR mutation detectable by EBESA would have an abnormal LDLR MLPA pattern. In 70 unrelated FH patients, 44 had LDLR mutations detected by EBESA, including missense, RNA splicing, nonsense, or small deletion mutations, and 5 had the APOB R3500Q mutation. Among the remaining 21 AD FH patients with no apparent LDLR mutation, we found abnormal LDLR MLPA patterns in 12 and then demonstrated the deleted sequence in 5 of these. These findings indicate that MLPA may be a useful new adjunctive tool for the molecular diagnosis of FH.
Strand invasion by mixed base PNAs and a PNA-peptide chimera (2000)

Peptide nucleic acid oligomers (PNAs) have a remarkable ability to invade duplex DNA at polypurine-polypyrimidine target sequences. Applications for PNAs in medicine and biotechnology would increase if the rules governing their hybridization to mixed base sequences were also clear. Here we describe hybridization of PNAs to mixed base sequences and demonstrate that simple chemical modifications can enhance recognition. Easily synthesized and readily soluble eight and 10 base PNAs bind to plasmid DNA at an inverted repeat that is likely to form a cruciform structure, providing convenient tags for creating PNA-plasmid complexes. PNAs also bind to mixed base sequences that cannot form cruciforms, suggesting that recognition is a general phenomenon. Rates of strand invasion are temperature dependent and can be enhanced by attaching PNAs to positively charged peptides. Our results support use of PNAs to access the information within duplex DNA and demonstrate that simple chemical modifications can make PNAs even more powerful agents for strand invasion. Simple strategies for enhancing strand invasion should facilitate the use of PNAs: (i) as biophysical probes of double-stranded DNA; (ii) to target promoters to control gene expression; and (iii) to direct sequence-specific mutagenesis.
FAMILIAL BLADDER CANCER IN THE NATIONAL SWEDISH FAMILY CANCER DATABASE (2001)

The relatively high ratio of sibling-to-offspring risk as well as observed gender specific effects in bladder cancer may reflect an X linked susceptibility gene.
Intravenous Carbamazepine: Comparison of Different Parenteral Formulations in a Mouse Model of Convulsive Status Epilepticus (1997)

An intravenous formulation of CBZ achieved through complexing with HP beta CD might be suitable for parenteral use in acute clinical conditions such as SE, particularly because CBZ has the advantage of being almost free of respiratory or cardiovascular adverse effects.
Prognostic significance of p53 alterations in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis. (2000)

There is great controversy as to whether alteration of the p53 gene adversely affects survival of non-small cell lung cancer patients. The aim of this study was to qualitatively review the association between p53 alterations and patient outcome by reviewing published papers. Forty-three articles were used. Survival difference was combined by use of the DerSimonian-Laird method. p53 alteration was either detected as overexpression by the protein studies or as mutation by the DNA studies. The incidence of p53 alteration in DNA studies (381 of 1031; 37%) was lower than that in protein studies (1725 of 3579; 48%; P < 0.0001, chi2 test). The incidence of p53 overexpression and mutation in adenocarcinoma (36 and 34%) was significantly lower than that in squamous cell carcinoma (54 and 52%; P < 0.0001). Combined survival differences at 5 years (survival in patients with alteration minus that in patients without alteration) by protein and DNA studies were -9.1% (P = 0.0091) and -22.0% (P = 0.0026), respectively. The negative prognostic effect of p53 alteration was highly significant in patients with adenocarcinoma [-21.8% at 5 years (P = 0.0000039) by protein studies and -48.0% (P = 0.000031) by DNA studies] but not in patients with squamous cell carcinoma [-15.6% (P = 0.4241) by protein studies and 2.0% (P = 0.8864) by DNA studies]. In the light of these results, p53 alteration was a significant marker of poor prognosis in patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Whether p53 alteration also provides information that can alter treatment decisions should be asked in clinical trials.
Simulated annealing structure solution of a new phase of dicalcium silicate Ca2SiO4 and the mechanism of structural changes from α-dicalcium silicate hydrate to αL′-dicalcium silicate via the new phase (2002)

A new phase of dicalcium silicate (Ca(2)SiO(4)) was formed by heating alpha-dicalcium silicate hydrate [alpha-Ca(2)(SiO(4)H)OH = alpha-C(2)SH] at temperatures of approximately 663-763 K, and it was transformed into alpha(L)'-Ca(2)SiO(4) (= alpha(L)'-C(2)S) above approximately 1193 K. The crystal structure of the new phase (hereafter called x-C(2)S) has been determined by simulated annealing and refined by the Rietveld method using synchrotron radiation powder diffraction data. The structure consists of isolated SiO(4) tetrahedra and a three-dimensional CaO(n) polyhedral network, forming a new structural type of dicalcium silicate. A structural change from alpha-C(2)SH to x-C(2)S is compelled by large displacements of SiO(4) tetrahedra, accompanied by dehydration, in the direction perpendicular to the two-dimensional Ca(O,OH)(n) polyhedral network in alpha-C(2)SH. With increasing temperature, sizes of CaO(n) polyhedra in x-C(2)S become too large to confine Ca atoms at the sixfold to eightfold coordination sites. Then the structure of x-C(2)S is transformed into alpha(L)'-C(2)S, having eightfold to tenfold coordination sites for the Ca atoms.
Transepithelial Transport of Drugs by the Multidrug Transporter in Cultured Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Cell Epithelia (1989)

We studied transepithelial transport of 3H-labeled hydrophobic cationic drugs in epithelia formed by wild-type and by drug-resistant Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCk) cells that had been infected with a retrovirus carrying the multidrug-resistance (MDR1) cDNA which encodes the P-glycoprotein. P-glycoprotein is an ATP consuming plasma membrane multidrug transporter responsible for the efflux of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs from resistant cancer cells. Wild-type MDCK cells have small amounts of P-glycoprotein detected by immunoprecipitation. Net transepithelial transport across wild-type MDCK epithelia was demonstrated. Basal to apical flux of 100 nM vinblastine was about six times higher than apical to basal flux. Addition of unlabeled vinblastine reduced basal to apical flux of tracer and increased apical to basal flux of tracer, a pattern expected if there is a saturable pump that extrudes vinblastine at the apical plasma membrane. Daunomycin, vincristine, and actinomycin D were also actively transported and at 20 microM these agents inhibited transport of vinblastine, suggesting that wild-type MDCK cells have a common transporter for all these drugs. Vinblastine transport was also inhibited by 20 microM verapamil, which inhibits the multidrug transporter and reverses multidrug-resistance in non-polarized cells. Net transepithelial transport of all these cytotoxic drugs and of verapamil was much higher in epithelia formed by MDCK cells infected with a human MDR1 virus (MDR-MDCK) which is expressed on the apical surface of MDR-MDCK monolayers. Because the transport of these cytotoxic drugs and verapamil is increased in MDR-MDCK epithelia compared to wild-type MDCK epithelia, transport in both these cell populations can be attributed to P-glycoprotein. These results are consistent with a role for P-glycoprotein in multidrug secretory transport across the epithelium of the proximal tubule since P-glycoprotein is normally expressed on the apical membrane of proximal tubule cells.
Open Nanoporous Morphologies from Polymeric Blends by Carbon Dioxide Foaming (2002)

We report the formation of open nanoporous polymer films composed of homogeneous polysulfone/polyimide blends. Porosity is introduced by expansion of carbon dioxide-saturated films at elevated temperatures. To interpret details of the porous morphologies in terms of the experimental conditions during expansion, the glass transition temperature and carbon dioxide solubility of the dense film were examined at various blend compositions. We find that above a critical threshold of the carbon dioxide concentration the porous structure obtained changes from microcellular into open nanoporous. This critical carbon dioxide concentration is independent of the blend composition. Remarkably, it resembles the value previously reported on different polymers.
Members of the c1/pl1 Regulatory Gene Family Mediate the Response of Maize Aleurone and Mesocotyl to Different Light Qualities and Cytokinins (2002)

We investigated the role of transcription factors (R, SN, C1, and PL) in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis by different light qualities (white, red, blue, and ultraviolet) and by cytokinin in maize (Zea mays). We analyzed anthocyanin accumulation, structural gene expression, and regulatory gene expression in the seed aleurone and the seedling mesocotyl. In the mesocotyl, white, blue, and ultraviolet-B light strongly induced anthocyanin accumulation and expression of two key structural genes. In contrast, red light had little effect. Cytokinin enhanced the response to light but was not sufficient to induce anthocyanin accumulation in darkness. Plants with the pl-bol3 allele showed high levels of anthocyanin accumulation in response to light, whereas those with the pl-W22 allele did not, demonstrating the importance of pl1 in the light response. The expression of the pl-bol3 gene, encoding an MYB-related transcription factor, was induced by light and enhanced by cytokinin in a very similar manner to the structural genes and anthocyanin accumulation. Expression of the bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix) Sn1-bol3 gene was stimulated by several light qualities, but not enhanced by cytokinin, and was less well correlated with the induction of anthocyanin biosynthesis. In the aleurone, white, red, and blue light were effective in stimulating anthocyanin accumulation and expression of the MYB-related gene C1. The bHLH R gene was constitutively expressed. We conclude that specific members of the MYB-related c1/pl1 gene family play important roles in the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis in maize in response to different light qualities and cytokinin.
Stoichiometry of NA+−CA2+ exchange is 3:1 in guinea‐pig ventricular myocytes (2002)

In single guinea-pig ventricular myocytes, we examined the stoichiometry of Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchange (NCX) by measuring the reversal potential (E(NCX)) of NCX current (I(NCX)) and intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) with the whole-cell voltage-clamp technique and confocal microscopy, respectively. With given ionic concentrations in the external and pipette solutions, the predicted E(NCX) were -73 and -11 mV at 3:1 and 4:1 stoichiometries, respectively. E(NCX) measured were -69 +/- 2 mV (n = 11), -47 +/- 1 mV (n = 14) and -15 +/- 1 mV (n = 15) at holding potentials (HP) of -73, -42 and -11 mV, respectively. Thus, E(NCX) almost coincided with HP, indicating that [Ca(2+)](i) and/or [Na(+)](i) changed due to I(NCX) flow. Shifts of E(NCX) (deltaE(NCX)) were measured by changing [Ca(2+)](o) or [Na(+)](o). The measured values of deltaE(NCX) were almost always smaller than those expected theoretically at a stoichiometry of either 3:1 or 4:1. Using indo-1 fluorescence, [Ca(2+)](i) measured under the whole-cell voltage-clamp supported a 3:1 but not 4:1 stoichiometry. To prevent Ca(2+) accumulation, we inhibited I(NCX) with Ni(2+) and re-examined E(NCX) during washing out Ni(2+). With HP at predicted E(NCX) at a 3:1 stoichiometry, E(NCX) developed was close to predicted E(NCX) and did not change with time. However, with HP at predicted E(NCX) for a 4:1 stoichiometry, E(NCX) developed initially near a predicted E(NCX) for a 3:1 stoichiometry and shifted toward E(NCX) for a 4:1 stoichiometry with time. We conclude that the stoichiometry of cardiac NCX is 3:1.
ConTrack: Finding the most likely pathways between brain regions using diffusion tractography (2008)

Magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging coupled with fiber tractography (DFT) is the only non-invasive method for measuring white matter pathways in the living human brain. DFT is often used to discover new pathways. But there are also many applications, particularly in visual neuroscience, in which we are confident that two brain regions are connected, and we wish to find the most likely pathway forming the connection. In several cases, current DFT algorithms fail to find these candidate pathways. To overcome this limitation, we have developed a probabilistic DFT algorithm (ConTrack) that identifies the most likely pathways between two regions. We introduce the algorithm in three parts: a sampler to generate a large set of potential pathways, a scoring algorithm that measures the likelihood of a pathway, and an inferential step to identify the most likely pathways connecting two regions. In a series of experiments using human data, we show that ConTrack estimates known pathways at positions that are consistent with those found using a high quality deterministic algorithm. Further we show that separating sampling and scoring enables ConTrack to identify valid pathways, known to exist, that are missed by other deterministic and probabilistic DFT algorithms.
Granulocytic ehrlichiosis in two dogs in Switzerland (1997)

This case report describes two dogs with granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Dog 1 was a male Labrador retriever with clinical signs of lymphosarcoma. Dog 2 was a female Airedale terrier, whose clinical signs included apathy, pyrexia, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Examination of blood smears revealed Ehrlichia organisms in the neutrophils of both dogs. There was thrombocytopenia in both dogs, and dog 2 also had leukopenia. In both dogs, bands of identical length were amplified from DNA of leukocytes via nested PCR. The bands had identical nucleotide sequences, which differed from the gene sequences of Ehrlichia equi and E. phagocytophila in three and two positions, respectively. Interestingly, the nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA was 100% homologous to that of a human granulocytic ehrlichia.
DNA methylation reader MECP2: cell type- and differentiation stage-specific protein distribution (2014)

MECP2 is almost universally expressed in all studied cell types with few exceptions, including microglia. MECP2 deficiency does not change the nuclear architecture and epigenetic landscape of retinal cells despite the missing compensatory expression of other methyl-CpG binding proteins. Furthermore, retinal development and morphology are also preserved in Mecp2-null mice. Our study reveals the significance of MECP2 function in cell differentiation and sets the basis for future investigations in this direction.
Self-Assembled Combinatorial Encoding Nanoarrays for Multiplexed Biosensing (2007)

Multiplexed and sensitive detection of nucleic acids, proteins, or other molecules from a single solution and a small amount of sample is of great demand in biomarker profiling and disease diagnostics. Here we describe a new concept using combinatorial self-assembly of DNA nanotiles into micrometer-sized two-dimensional arrays that carry nucleic acid probes and barcoded fluorescent dyes to achieve multiplexed detection. We demonstrated the specificity and sensitivity of the arrays by detecting multiple DNA sequences and aptamer binding molecules. This DNA tile-array-based sensor platform can be constructed through DNA self-assembly. The attachment of different molecular probes can be achieved by simple DNA hybridization so bioconjugation is not necessary for the labeling. Accurate control of the interprobe distances and solution-based binding reactions ensures fast target binding kinetics.
Hemoglobin Solutions Coupled with Polyethylene Glycol 1900: Preparation, Purification, Quality Control and Pharmacological Trials by Hemorrhagic Shock (1988)

The usefulness of hemoglobin solutions as oxygen transporters is limited by their high affinity for oxygen and rapid elimination from the circulation. Various chemical modifications of hemoglobin aimed at overcoming these two handicaps have been suggested. We have developed a conjugate of pyridoxylated human hemoglobin with monomethoxypolyoxyethtylene 1900, whose preparation and properties are described. We present comparative results on short-term or definitive survival of Wistar rats which, during hemorrhagic shock due to the loss of 60 or 80% of their blood mass, were given a solution of native or modified hemoglobin, in some cases purified by ion-exchange chromatography to remove non-heme proteins, lipids, and some endotoxins. The more complex the treatment used to improve the properties and the purity of the hemoglobin solutions, the longer the animals survived. The loss of hemoglobin in the urine was greatly reduced after conjugation: after 20 h, less than 6% of the total infused.