gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancing dendritic cell vaccine potency by combining a BAK/BAX siRNA‐mediated antiapoptotic strategy to prolong dendritic cell life with an intracellular strategy to target antigen to lysosomal compartments (2007)

Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines have become important in immunotherapeutics as a measure for generating antitumor immune responses. We have previously demonstrated that linkage of the antigen gene to a lysosomal targeting signal, a sorting signal of the lysosome-associated membrane protein type 1 (LAMP-1), enhances the potency of DC-based vaccines. DCs have a limited life span, hindering their long-term ability to prime antigen-specific T cells. In this study, we attempted to further improve the potency of a DC vaccine that targets human papilloma virus 16 (HPV16) E7 to a lysosomal compartment (DC-Sig/E7/LAMP-1) by combining a strategy to prolong DC life. We show that small interfering RNA-targeting Bak and Bax proteins can be used to allow transfected DCs to resist being killed by T cells. This is done by downregulating these proapoptotic proteins, which have been known as so-called gate keepers in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. DCs expressing intact E7 or Sig/E7/LAMP-1 became resistant to attack by CD8+ T cells after transfection with BAK/BAX siRNA, leading to enhanced E7-specific T cell activation in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, vaccination with E7-presenting DCs transfected with BAK/BAX siRNA generated a strong therapeutic effect against an E7-expressing tumor in vaccinated mice, compared with DCs transfected with control siRNA. Our data indicate that a combination of strategies to enhance intracellular Ag processing and to prolong DC life may offer a promising strategy for improving DC vaccine potency.
Repeat Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (2009)

Our findings suggest that repeat 360-degree SLT may be safe and effective after an initially successful 360-degree SLT has failed. These results may be achieved as early as 6 months after the first treatment.
Efficient Dense Correspondences using Temporally Encoded Light Patterns (2003)

Establishing reliable dense correspondences is crucial for many 3-D and projector-related applications. This paper proposes using temporally encoded patterns to directly obtain the correspondence mapping between a projector and a camera without any searching or calibration. The technique naturally extends to efficiently solve the difficult multiframe correspondence problem across any number of cameras and/or projectors. Furthermore, it automatically determines visibility across all cameras in the system and scales linearly in computation with the number of cameras. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique for a variety of applications. 1.
An Earring for the Double Helix: Assembly of Topological Links Comprising Duplex DNA and a Circular Oligodeoxynucleotide (2000)

Abstract Novel DNA nanostructures, locked pseudorotaxane and locked catenane were assembled through topological linkage of a double-stranded target to a circular oligodeoxyribonucleotide (cODN)(+). The formation of these supramolecular complexes occurs with remarkable sequence specificity and is accomplished via local opening of duplex DNA by a pair of homopyrimidine bis-PNAs. The obtained cODN label, resembling an earring, forms a true topological link with the linear or closed circular (cc) target DNA and occupies a fixed position along the double helix. The PNA directed assembly described here introduces PNA oligomers into the repertoire of DNA nanotechnological tools.
Pathophysiology and treatment of Cheyne-Stokes respiration (1998)

Cheyne-Stokes respiration is a disorder characterised by recurrent central apnoeas during sleep alternating with a crescendo-decrescendo pattern of tidal volume.1 2 It is often observed in patients with congestive heart failure, usually during stages 1 and 2 non-REM sleep when ventilation is under chemical-metabolic control.2 Patients with Cheyne-Stokes respiration usually present with the symptoms of orthopnoea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, excessive daytime sleepiness and witnessed apnoeas in the setting of congestive heart failure.1 3 Excessive weight and snoring may be absent. Approximately 50% of patients with symptomatic congestive heart failure have sleep apnoea, mainly of the Cheyne-Stokes respiration variety.4-6 As congestive heart failure occurs in 1% of the adult population and doubles in prevalence for each decade beyond 60 years,7 Cheyne-Stokes respiration is common but often left unrecognised.

Based upon small case series, patients with congestive heart failure and Cheyne-Stokes respiration have a significantly greater mortality,8 9 particularly if present during wakefulness,10 than those without Cheyne-Stokes respiration. Although Cheyne-Stokes respiration is likely to arise as a result of congestive heart failure, once present it is likely to have adverse effects upon cardiac function akin to a vicious cycle. Following an initial cardiac insult there is a compensatory increase in sympathetic activity11 12 which in susceptible patients causes hyperventilation,13 destabilises respiratory control, and leads to Cheyne-Stokes respiration. Once Cheyne-Stokes respiration is established, apnoea related hypoxaemia causes cardiac diastolic dysfunction.14 Hypoxaemia and arousals lead to further increases in sympathetic activity15 which contribute to potentially fatal arrhythmias16-18 and further cardiotoxicity.19 

Hyperventilation and resultant increased work of the respiratory muscles probably play a part in the symptom of paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea1 and place an increased demand upon the already reduced cardiac output.20 

Finally, patients with congestive heart failure and Cheyne-Stokes …
Architectures for lattice structure based orthonormal discrete wavelet transforms (2002)

This paper presents efficient single-rate architectures for the orthonormal discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Folded and digit-serial architectures are derived from an efficient lattice implementation of two-channel FIR paraunitary systems known as the quadrature mirror filter (QMF) lattice. Folded architectures are derived by applying systematic folding techniques to multirate systems. For digit-serial architectures, we show that any two-channel subband system can be implemented using digit-serial processing techniques by utilizing the polyphase decomposition. Using this result, we describe an orthonormal DWT architecture which uses the QMF lattice structure and digit-serial processing techniques. The number of multipliers and adders required for both the folded and digit-serial lattice-based architectures approaches one-half the number required to implement similar systems based on direct-form filter implementations as the order of the FIR filters becomes large. This makes folded and digit-serial QMF lattice structures attractive choices for applications of the orthonormal DWT which require low area and low power dissipation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Role of Complement and Complement Membrane Attack Complex in Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization (2005)

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV), or choroidal angiogenesis, is the hallmark of age-related macular degeneration and a leading cause of visual loss after age 55. The pathogenesis of new choroidal vessel formation is poorly understood. Although inflammation has been implicated in the development of CNV, the role of complement in CNV has not been explored experimentally. A reliable way to produce CNV in animals is to rupture Bruch's membrane with laser photocoagulation. A murine model of laser-induced CNV in C57BL/6 mice revealed the deposition of C3 and membrane attack complex (MAC) in the neovascular complex. CNV was inhibited by complement depletion using cobra venom factor and did not develop in C3(-/-) mice. Anti-murine C6 Abs in C57BL/6 mice inhibited MAC formation and also resulted in the inhibition of CNV. Vascular endothelial growth factor, TGF-beta2, and beta-fibroblast growth factor were elevated in C57BL/6 mice after laser-induced CNV; complement depletion resulted in a marked reduction in the level of these angiogenic factors. Thus, activation of complement, specifically the formation of MAC, is essential for the development of laser- induced choroidal angiogenesis in mice. It is possible that a similar mechanism may be involved in the pathophysiology of other angiogenesis essential diseases.
MPEG Audio Layer II. A generic coding standard for two and multichannel sound for DVB, DAB and computer multimedia (1995)

The first phase of the development of high quality audio coding for widespread use in broadcasting, telecommunication, computer and consumer applications has been finished with ISO/IEC 11172-3, but the finalisation of MPEG-1 is not the end of standardisation of high quality audio coding systems. MPEG-2 Audio multichannel coding system ensuring forward and backward compatibility with ISO/IEC 11172-3 encoded audio signals is designed for universal applications with and without accompanying picture. Envisaged applications beside DAB are digital television systems, digital video tape recorders and interactive storage media. Configurability with respect to the sound channel allocation and to the bit-rate offers useful combinations of various levels of multi-channel stereo performance and various numbers of channels in the composite and independent coding mode.
Highly Reproducible Perovskite Solar Cells with Average Efficiency of 18.3% and Best Efficiency of 19.7% Fabricated via Lewis Base Adduct of Lead(II) Iodide (2015)

High efficiency perovskite solar cells were fabricated reproducibly via Lewis base adduct of lead(II) iodide. PbI2 was dissolved in N,N-dimethyformamide with equimolar N,N-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and CH3NH3I. Stretching vibration of S═O appeared at 1045 cm(-1) for bare DMSO, which was shifted to 1020 and 1015 cm(-1) upon reacting DMSO with PbI2 and PbI2 + CH3NH3I, respectively, indicative of forming the adduct of PbI2·DMSO and CH3NH3I·PbI2·DMSO due to interaction between Lewis base DMSO and/or iodide (I(-)) and Lewis acid PbI2. Spin-coating of a DMF solution containing PbI2, CH3NH3I, and DMSO (1:1:1 mol %) formed a transparent adduct film, which was converted to a dark brown film upon heating at low temperature of 65 °C for 1 min due to removal of the volatile DMSO from the adduct. The adduct-induced CH3NH3PbI3 exhibited high charge extraction characteristics with hole mobility as high as 3.9 × 10(-3) cm(2)/(V s) and slow recombination rate. Average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.3% was achieved from 41 cells and the best PCE of 19.7% was attained via adduct approach.
Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Binding by Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Glycoproteins B and C, Which Differ in Their Contributions to Virus Attachment, Penetration, and Cell-to-Cell Spread (1998)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) mutants defective for envelope glycoprotein C (gC) and gB are highly impaired in the ability to attach to cell surface heparan sulfate (HS) moieties of proteoglycans, the initial virus receptor. Here we report studies aimed at defining the HS binding element of HSV-1 (strain KOS) gB and determining whether this structure is functionally independent of gB's role in extracellular virus penetration or intercellular virus spread. A mutant form of gB deleted for a putative HS binding lysine-rich (pK) sequence (residues 68 to 76) was transiently expressed in Vero cells and shown to be processed normally, leading to exposure on the cell surface. Solubilized gBpK- also had substantially lower affinity for heparin-acrylic beads than did wild-type gB, confirming that the HS binding domain had been inactivated. The gBpK- gene was used to rescue a KOS gB null mutant virus to produce the replication-competent mutant KgBpK-. Compared with wild-type virus, KgBpK- showed reduced binding to mouse L cells (ca. 20%), while a gC null mutant virus in which the gC coding sequence was replaced by the lacZ gene (KCZ) was substantially more impaired (ca. 65%-reduced binding), indicating that the contribution of gC to HS binding was greater than that of gB. The effect of combining both mutations into a single virus (KgBpK-gC-) was additive (ca. 80%-reduced binding to HS) and displayed a binding activity similar to that observed for KOS virus attachment to sog9 cells, a glycosaminoglycan-deficient L-cell line. Cell-adsorbed individual and double HS mutant viruses exhibited a lower rate of virus entry following attachment, suggesting that HS binding plays a role in the process of virus penetration. Moreover, the KgBpK- mutant virus produced small plaques on Vero cells in the presence of neutralizing antibody where plaque formation depended on cell-to-cell virus spread. These studies permitted the following conclusions: (i) the pK sequence is not essential for gB processing or function in virus infection, (ii) the lysine-rich sequence of gB is responsible for HS binding, and (iii) binding to HS is cooperatively linked to the process of efficient virus entry and lateral spread but is not absolutely required for virus infectivity.
Chevron-type Transmalleolar Osteotomy: An Approach to Medial Talar Dome Lesions (2002)

Operative treatment of lesions of the medial talar dome can be very challenging. An osteotomy of the medial malleolus can provide adequate access for posteromedial talar dome lesions. The authors describe the technique of a chevron-type medial malleolar osteotomy. This particular osteotomy provides excellent exposure, with minimal morbidity, for the treatment of medial talar dome lesions in which standard arthrotomy or arthroscopic exposures are inadequate.
Comet Assay as a Novel Approach for Studying DNA Damage in Focal Cerebral Ischemia: Differential Effects of NMDA Receptor Antagonists and Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors (2002)

The single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) was used to evaluate the possibility of detecting single-strand breaks of brain DNA in the early phase of ischemia. Four hours after occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) in rats, the percentage of DNA migrating into the comet tail (indicating the presence of breaks) increased from 11.4 +/- 4.70 to 34.7 +/- 9.2 (means +/- SD) in the caudate and from 9.9 +/- 4.3 to 42.8 +/- 14.1 in the cortex. Interestingly, a subpopulation of cells exhibiting higher resistance to the ischemic insult was present in the caudate putamen, but not in the cortex. Administration of MK801, an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor antagonist, (1 mg/kg subcutaneously, 10 minutes before MCAO), reduced the ischemia-induced DNA breaks and the infarct volume, suggesting that excessive stimulation of NMDA receptors contributes to the formation of both DNA damage and infarct volume. In contrast, DPQ, an inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally, 2 hours before and 1 hour after MCAO), reduced the infarct volume but not DNA damage, suggesting that the neuroprotective actions of PARP inhibitors occur at a later step of the processes leading to postischemic neuronal death.
Genetic Alterations and Their Relationship in the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Pathway in Thyroid Cancer (2007)

The data provide strong genetic implication that aberrant activation of PI3K/Akt pathway plays an extensive role in thyroid tumorigenesis, particularly in FTC and ATC, and promotes progression of BTA to FTC and to ATC as the genetic alterations of this pathway accumulate. Progression of PTC to ATC may be facilitated by coexistence of PI3K/Akt pathway-related genetic alterations and BRAF mutation. The PI3K/Akt pathway may thus be a major therapeutic target in thyroid cancers.
Displacement of Inner-Sphere Water Molecules from Eu3+ Analogues of Gd3+ MRI Contrast Agents by Carbonate and Phosphate Anions:  Dissociation Constants from Luminescence Data in the Rapid-Exchange Limit (1999)

Europium(III) (7)F(0) --> (5)D(0) excitation spectroscopy is used to determine if the anions carbonate and phosphate present in physiological fluids are able to displace water molecules from the first coordination sphere of Eu(3+) analogues of Gd(3+) MRI contrast agents. A lengthening of the Eu(3+) excited state lifetime in the presence of millimolar concentrations of carbonate or phosphate indicates that water molecules are displaced by an anion. Only those metal complexes that contain negatively charged ligands and more than one water molecule in the first coordination sphere of Eu(3+) have their water molecules displaced by saturating concentrations of carbonate or phosphate. Conditional dissociation constants, K(d)'s, for Eu(3+)-ligand complexes with phosphate or carbonate are determined from titrations wherein the Eu(3+) excited state lifetimes are monitored. For phosphate, K(d)'s lie in the range 1.2-90 mM, whereas for carbonate, the range is 35-200 mM. The titrations also indicate that only a single anion binds to a metal chelate complex and that the single anion may, under saturating anion concentrations, displace on average more than one, but not all, first coordination sphere water molecules. Eu(3+ 7)F(0) --> (5)D(0) excitation spectra indicate that, in some cases, many different Eu(3+)-containing species are in fast exchange in the presence of added anion, presumably involving different numbers of first coordination sphere water molecules. Our results show that, under physiological conditions, phosphate and carbonate will, on average, displace less than half of a water molecule from the first coordination sphere of a typical contrast agent and suggest that the effect on proton spin relaxation is likely to be minimal.
New radix-2-based algorithm for fast median filtering (1989)

A fast radix-2-based median filtering algorithm is proposed. The median is determined bit-by-bit successively by eliminating the samples whose previous bits are different to that of the median. The intermediate computations of the algorithm do not involve any array computation, nor any memory. The worst-case computational complexity of the algorithm is O(w) for w samples.
Pyrimidine Derivatives. II (1952)

p-Aminophenyl 2-amino-5-pyrimidyl sulfone was prepared.
Synthesis of S‐[3‐(4(5)‐imidazolyl)propyl],N‐[2(4‐{125I}‐iodophenyl)ethyl]isothiourea sulfate (125I‐iodophenpropit), a new probe for histamine H3 receptor binding sites. (1992)

Abstract The synthesis of the first high specific activity { 125 I} labelled selective H 3 antagonist, Iodophenpropit‐ i.e., S‐[3‐(4(5)‐imidazolyl)propyl],N‐[2‐(4‐{ 125 I}‐iodophenyl)ethyl]isothiourea sulfate is reported. The radiolabelled compound was prepared by Cu(I)assisted nucleophilic non‐isotopic exchange from the corresponding bromo derivative (VUF 4598). The 125 I‐Iodophenpropit was purified using reverse phase HPLC and obtained in a chemical and radiochemical purity &gt;98% and a specific activity of 1900 Ci/mmol.
Blockade of the galactose‐binding sites of ricin by its linkage to antibody (1984)

A method is described for preparing specific cytotoxic agents by linking intact ricin to antibodies in a manner that produces obstruction of the galactose-binding sites on the B chain of the toxin and so diminishes the capacity of the conjugate to bind non-specifically to cells. The conjugates were synthesised by reacting iodoacetylated ricin with thiolated immunoglobulin and the components of conjugate with reduced galactose-binding capacity were separated by affinity chromatography on Sepharose (a beta-galactosyl matrix) and asialofetuin-Sepharose. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analyses revealed that the fraction of a monoclonal anti-Thy1.1-ricin conjugate that passed through a Sepharose column had markedly diminished capacity to bind non-specifically to Thy1.2-expressing CBA thymocytes and EL4 lymphoma cells. The fraction of conjugate that passed through an asialofetuin-Sepharose column displayed no detectable non-specific binding. Both fractions of conjugate were potent cytotoxic agents for Thy1.1-expressing AKR-A lymphoma cells in tissue culture. They reduced the [3H]leucine incorporation of the cells by 50% at a concentration of 2-5 pM. Comparable inhibition of EL4 cells was only achieved with 3000-7500-fold greater concentrations of conjugate. By contrast, the fraction of anti-Thy1.1-ricin that retained Sepharose-binding capacity showed marked non-specific binding and toxicity to EL4 cells. A conjugate with diminished galactose-binding capacity was also prepared from the W3/25 monoclonal antibody which recognises an antigen upon helper T-lymphocytes in the rat. It elicited powerful and specific toxic effects upon W3/25 antigen-expressing rat T-leukaemia cells. This finding is of particular importance because isolated ricin A-chain disulphide-linked to W3/25 antibody is not cytotoxic. The property of the B-chain in intact ricin conjugates that facilitates delivery of the A-chain to the cytosol thus appears to be independent of galactose recognition. It is concluded that the 'blocked' ricin conjugates combine the advantages of high potency, which is often lacking in antibody-A-chain conjugates, with high specificity, which previously was lacking in intact ricin conjugates.
Human immunodeficiency virus–driven expansion of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells, which suppress HIV-specific CD4 T-cell responses in HIV-infected patients (2004)

The present study demonstrates that CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells, expanded in peripheral blood of HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), exhibit phenotypic, molecular, and functional characteristics of regulatory T cells. The majority of peripheral CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells from HIV-infected patients expressed a memory phenotype. They were found to constitutively express transcription factor forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) messengers. CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells weakly proliferated to immobilized anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and addition of soluble anti-CD28 mAb significantly increased proliferation. In contrast to CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells, CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells from HIV-infected patients did not proliferate in response to recall antigens and to p24 protein. The proliferative capacity of CD4 T cells to tuberculin, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and p24 significantly increased following depletion of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells. Furthermore, addition of increasing numbers of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of CD4(+)CD25(-) T-cell proliferation to tuberculin and p24. CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells responded specifically to p24 antigen stimulation by expressing transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and interleukin 10 (IL-10), thus indicating the presence of p24-specific CD4(+) T cells among the CD4(+)CD25(+) T-cell subset. Suppressive activity was not dependent on the secretion of TGF-beta or IL-10. Taken together, our results suggest that persistence of HIV antigens might trigger the expansion of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells, which might induce a tolerance to HIV in vivo.