gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of Principal-Stress Directions by Three-Step Color Phase Shifting Technique (2006)

A three-step phase shifting approach for automatic determination of the isoclinic parameter in photoelasticity is presented. Unreliable isoclinic values affected by the isochromatic parameter are solved using the white light. The method uses three fringe images digitally captured by a digital camera for three different configurations of the dark-field plane polariscope. For a circular disk under compression, results show the method permits the isoclinic parameter in the range -π/2 to π/2 with almost free of the isochromatic parameter and comparable with theory.
ATF5 Is Overexpressed in Epithelial Ovarian Carcinomas and Interference With Its Function Increases Apoptosis Through the Downregulation of Bcl-2 in SKOV-3 Cells (2012)

The activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) is highly expressed in many kinds of tumors including glioblastoma and breast cancers, but its expression in epithelial ovarian neoplasms has not been investigated. Here, we show that ATF5 is highly expressed in the majority of epithelial ovarian cancer samples (43/60) as compared with benign ovarian tumor tissues (4/13) and normal ovarian tissues (1/10). Furthermore, we found that ATF5 expression significantly correlated with advanced clinical stage (P<0.05) and poor differentiation of epithelial ovarian carcinomas (P<0.05). Previous studies suggested that ATF5 is required for the survival of cancer cells, but the mechanisms by which ATF5 regulates genes and promotes cell survival are not clear. Our data additionally demonstrated that interference with the function of ATF5 could markedly increase the apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells and identified B-cell leukemia lymphoma-2 as an ATF5-targeted apoptosis-related gene. These findings may provide potential therapeutic application in epithelial ovarian cancer.
Epstein–Barr Virus and Cytomegalovirus in Autoimmune Diseases (2007)

To date, it is believed that the origin of autoimmune diseases is one of a multifactorial background. A genetic predisposition, an immune system malfunction or even backfire, hormonal regulation, and environmental factors all play important roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Among these environmental factors, the role of infection is known to be a major one. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are considered to be notorious as they are consistently associated with multiple autoimmune diseases. A cohort of 1595 serum samples, of 23 different autoimmune disease groups, was screened for evidence of prior infection with EBV and CMV. All samples were screened for antibodies against EBV nuclear antigen-1 (IgG), EBV viral capsid antigen (IgG and IgM), EBV early antigen (IgG), EBV heterophile antibody, and CMV (IgG and IgM) antibodies using Bio-Rad's BioPlex 2200. A new association is proposed between EBV and polymyositis, as results show a significant increase in titers of various EBV target analytes when compared with healthy controls. Our results also support prior information suggesting the association between EBV and multiple autoimmune diseases, including SLE, antiphospholipid syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, pemphigus vulgaris, giant cell arthritis, Wegener's granulomatosis, and polyarteritis nodosa (PAN). Elevated CMV IgG titers were observed in sera of SLE patients. Our data support the theory that EBV is notoriously associated with many autoimmune diseases. CMV appears to be associated to autoimmune diseases as well, yet establishing this theory requires further investigation.
Model-based halftoning using direct binary search (1992)

In this work, we propose a new method to generate halftone images which are visually optimized for the display device. The algorithm searches for a binary array of pixel values that minimizes the difference between the perceived displayed continuous-tone image and the perceived displayed halftone image. The algorithm is based on the direct binary search (DBS) heuristic. Since the algorithm is iterative, it is computationally intensive. This limits the complexity of the visual model that can be used. It also impacts the choice of the metric used to measure distortion between two perceived images. In particular, we use a linear, shift- invariant model with a point spread function based on measurement of contrast sensitivity as a function of spatial frequency. The non-ideal spot shape rendered by the output devices can also have a major effect on the displayed halftone image. This source of non-ideality is explicitly accounted for in our model for the display device. By recursively computing the change in perceived mean-squared error due to a change in the value of a binary pixel, we achieve a substantial reduction in computational complexity. The effect of a trial change may be evaluated with only table lookups and a few additions.
Long time current stability of a gas field ion source with a supertip (1988)

A gas field ion source with a fine protrusion, a 'supertip', on top of a W (111) emitter tip has been operated for a period of 170 h at an angular current density of 8 mu A sr-1 He+. The current stability, at a level of 2.5 nA, has been found to be typically of the order of +or-1%, with very little occasional need for operator intervention.
Pre-Test-Market Models: Validation and Managerial Implications (1983)

The predictive accuracy of a widely used pre-test-market model (ASSESSOR) is analyzed. The standard deviation between pre-test-market and test-market shares is 1.99 share points before adjustments for achieved awareness, distribution, and sampling and 1.12 share points after adjustment. Sixty-three percent of those products tested passed the pre-test screen and 66% of these were subsequently successful in test market. A Bayesian decision analysis model is formulated and a “typical” case shows a positive value of information. Although some conditions are identified under which a test market may be bypassed, in the authors’ opinion both pre-test and test-market procedures should be used in all but exceptional situations.
[Hygienic assessment of aerosol air pollution by smokehouse waste]. (2002)

The disperse phase of waste fumes forming during cold and hot fish smoking was studied by distributing the particles into 6 fractions, by determining phenols, acids, carbonyl compounds, and benz(a)pyrene (BP) in them, and by calculating the hazard index. In the waste fumes of cold smokers, the proportions of phenols, carbonyl compounds, and acid in the formation of the hazard index were shown to be 72.1 +/- 1.5, 19.6 +/- 1.3, and 5.9 +/- 0.3%, respectively. In the waste fumes of hot smokers, these figures were 67.3 +/- 1.1, 20.4 +/- 1.2, and 5.8 +/- 0.3%, i.e. the proportion of phenols in the formation of the hazard index was also prevalent. The hazard index for BP in the waste fumes of cold and hot smokers was 120.9 +/- 1.7 and 230.8 +/- 8.1, respectively, which amounts to 2.4 +/- 0.2 and 6.5 +/- 0.4% of the total hazard of smoke particles.
A Scalable Synthesis of Meso-Substituted Dipyrromethanes (2003)

A one-flask synthesis of meso-substituted dipyrromethanes has been refined. The procedure entails reaction of an aldehyde in 100 equiv of pyrrole as the solvent containing a mild Lewis acid (e.g., InCl3) at room temperature. Following removal and recovery of excess pyrrole, the dipyrromethane is obtained by crystallization. The procedure generates minimal waste and does not require aqueous/organic extraction, chromatography, or distillation. The procedure has been scaled linearly to obtain >100 g of 5-phenyldipyrromethane. The utility of various analytical methods for characterizing dipyrromethanes has been investigated.
Evaluation of Formic Acid and a Thymol-Based Blend of Natural Products for the Fall Control of Varroa jacobsoni (Acari: Varroidae) in Colonies of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) (1999)

Formic acid, a thymol-based blend of natural products, and Apistan (tau-fluvalinate) were compared as fall control agents for Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans, a parasitic mite of the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. Mite mortality averaged 99% in colonies receiving Apistan, 70% in those receiving the thymol blend, 51% in those receiving formic acid, and 33% in control colonies. Mite mortality in colonies receiving the thymol blend was higher than in the control colonies. The ratio of the coefficient of variation in mite mortality among colonies in the thymol group to the coefficient of variation among colonies in the Apistan group was 67.15. The corresponding ratio for the formic acid group and the Apistan group was 117.65. These results indicate that Apistan is a more effective and a more consistent control agent than the other treatment formulations used in this study. Mortality was independent of the level of mite infestation for all treatments. Overall, 109.52 ± 5.777 g (≈43.8%) of a 250-ml formic acid treatment evaporated during the 33-d treatment period, giving an average daily release of 3.32 g of formic acid, well below that required for effective mite control. For the thymol blend, 26.32 ± 1.298 g (≈65.8%) of the original 80 g of material evaporated during the treatment period, giving an average of 0.80 g/d. The amount of each material evaporating was positively correlated with ambient temperature. The number of mites collected during the 1st 4 d of the evaluation period was correlated (r = 0.99) with the total number of mites collected during the entire 34-d evaluation period.
Orientation of Electron Transport Activities in the Membrane of Intact Glyoxysomes Isolated from Castor Bean Endosperm (1987)

Intact glyoxysomes were isolated from castor bean endosperm on isometric Percoll gradients. The matrix enzyme, malate dehydrogenase, was 80% latent in the intact glyoxysomes. NADH:ferricyanide and NADH:cytochrome c reductase activities were measured in intact and deliberately broken organelles. The latencies of these redox activities were found to be about half the malate dehydrogenase latency. Incubation of intact orpnelles with trypsin eliminated NADH:cytochrome c reduc- tase activity, but did not affect NADH:ferricyanide reductase activity. NADH oxidase and transhydrogenase activities were negligible in iso- lated glyoxysomes. Mersalyl and Cibacron blue 3GA were potent inhib- itors of NADH:cytochrome c reductase. Quinacrine, Ca2", and Mg2" stimulated NADH:cytochrome c reductase activity in intact glyoxysomes. The data suggest that some electron donor sites are on the matrix side and some electron acceptor sites are on the cytosolic side of the mem- brane.
Complete reconstitution of human lymphocytes from cord blood CD34+ cells using the NOD/SCID/γcnull mice model (2003)

Establishment of an assay capable of generating all classes of human lymphocytes from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) will provide new insight into the mechanism of human lymphopoiesis. We report ontogenic, functional, and histologic examination results of reconstituted human lymphocytes in NOD/SCID/ gammacnull mice after the transplantation of human cord blood (CB) CD34+ cells. After transplantation, human B, natural killer (NK), and T cells were invariably identified in these mice, even though no human tissues were cotransplanted. Immature B cells resided mainly in bone marrow (BM), whereas mature B cells with surface immunoglobulins were preferentially found in spleen. NK cells were identified in BM and spleen. T cells were observed in various lymphoid organs, but serial examinations after transplantation confirmed human T lymphopoiesis occurring in the thymus. These human lymphocytes were also functionally competent. Human immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgA, and IgG were detected in the sera of these mice. T cells showed a diverse repertoire of T-cell-receptor Vbeta (TCR Vbeta) chains, proliferated in response to phytohemagglutinin, and were cytotoxic against cell lines. NK activity was demonstrated using the K562 cell line. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that human lymphocytes formed organized structures in spleen and thymus that were analogous to those seen in humans. In the thymus, CD4 and CD8 double-positive T cells were predominant and coexpressed CD1a and Ki-67, thereby supporting the notion that T lymphopoiesis was taking place. NOD/SCID/ gammacnull mice provide a unique model to investigate human lymphopoiesis without the cotransplantation of human tissues.
Temporal Changes in Streptococcal M Protein Types and the Near-Disappearance of Acute Rheumatic Fever in the United States (2006)

These data support the concept of rheumatogenic strains of GAS and indicate that the marked decrease in the incidence of acute rheumatic fever in the United States over the past 4 decades is correlated with the replacement of rheumatogenic types by nonrheumatogenic types in cases of acute streptococcal pharyngitis in children. The reasons underlying the observed change in distribution of M types remain to be elucidated.
A “New Institutional Economics” Approach to the Reliability of Street-Level Drug Transactions (2001)

One issue that has emerged from the study of the operation of illicit-drug markets is the question of how these markets avoid collapsing into anarchy, as neither drug users nor drug dealers can call on the police and courts to enforce the terms of transactions. Recent advances in economic theory, collectively known as New Institutional Economics (NIE), are used to identify informal market institutions that might help sustain reliable transacting in street-level drug markets. High search costs in street-level drug markets compared with legal markets is identified as an environmental factor that may encourage exchange parties to honor the terms of illicit-drug transactions even though there is no third-party enforcement. High search costs may also account for the high levels of quality fraud reported in illicit-drug markets.
A Glu-496 to Ala Polymorphism Leads to Loss of Function of the Human P2X7 Receptor (2001)

The P2X(7) receptor is a ligand-gated cation-selective channel that mediates ATP-induced apoptosis of cells of the immune system. We and others have shown that P2X(7) is nonfunctional both in lymphocytes and monocytes from some subjects. To study a possible genetic basis we sequenced DNA coding for the carboxyl-terminal tail of P2X(7). In 9 of 45 normal subjects a heterozygous nucleotide substitution (1513A-->C) was found, whereas 1 subject carried the homozygous substitution that codes for glutamic acid to alanine at amino acid position 496. Surface expression of P2X(7) on lymphocytes was not affected by this E496A polymorphism, demonstrated both by confocal microscopy and immunofluorescent staining. Monocytes and lymphocytes from the E496A homozygote subject expressed nonfunctional receptor, whereas heterozygotes showed P2X(7) function that was half that of germline P2X(7). Results of transfection experiments showed that the mutant P2X(7) receptor was nonfunctional when expressed at low receptor density but regained function at a high receptor density. This density dependence of mutant P2X(7) function was also seen on differentiation of fresh monocytes to macrophages with interferon-gamma, which up-regulated mutant P2X(7) and partially restored its function. P2X(7)-mediated apoptosis of lymphocytes was impaired in homozygous mutant P2X(7) compared with germline (8.6 versus 35.2%). The data suggest that the glutamic acid at position 496 is required for optimal assembly of the P2X(7) receptor.
Reconstitution of Excitable Cell Membrane Structure in Vitro (1962)

Single stable bimolecular lipid and proteolipid membranes having the inert physical properties of cell membrane can be reconstituted in saline solution. After adsorption of appropriate molecules, these membranes become electrically excitable.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha contributes to obesity-related hyperleptinemia by regulating leptin release from adipocytes. (1997)

Cytokines, in particular tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), have significant effects on energy metabolism and appetite although their mechanisms of action are largely unknown. Here, we examined whether TNF-alpha modulates the production of leptin, the recently identified fat-specific energy balance hormone, in cultured adipocytes and in mice. TNF-alpha treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes resulted in rapid stimulation of leptin accumulation in the media, with a maximum effect at 6 h. This stimulation was insensitive to cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor, but was completely inhibited by the secretion inhibitor brefeldin A, indicating a posttranslational effect. Treatment of mice with TNF-alpha also caused a similar increase in plasma leptin levels. Finally, in obese TNF-alpha-deficient mice, circulating leptin levels were significantly lower, whereas adipose tissue leptin was higher compared with obese wild-type animals. These data provide evidence that TNF-alpha can act directly on adipocytes to regulate the release of a preformed pool of leptin. Furthermore, they suggest that the elevated adipose tissue expression of TNF-alpha that occurs in obesity may contribute to obesity-related hyperleptinemia.
A launch vector for the production of vaccine antigens in plants (2007)

Historically, most vaccines have been based on killed or live-attenuated infectious agents. Although very successful at immunizing populations against disease, both approaches raise safety concerns and often have limited production capacity. This has resulted in increased emphasis on the development of subunit vaccines. Several recombinant systems have been considered for subunit vaccine manufacture, including plants, which offer advantages both in cost and in scale of production. We have developed a plant expression system utilizing a 'launch vector', which combines the advantageous features of standard agrobacterial binary plasmids and plant viral vectors, to achieve high-level target antigen expression in plants. As an additional feature, to aid in target expression, stability and purification, we have engineered a thermostable carrier molecule to which antigens are fused. We have applied this launch vector/carrier system to engineer and express target antigens from various pathogens, including, influenza A/Vietnam/04 (H5N1) virus.
Phase II Trial of Sunitinib in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer After Failure of Standard Therapy (2007)

Sunitinib did not demonstrate a meaningful single-agent objective response rate in colorectal cancer refractory to standard chemotherapy. However, the mechanisms of action and acceptable safety profile of sunitinib warrant further study in combination with standard regimens for metastatic colorectal cancer.
Pilot Study of COBAS PCR and Ligase Chain Reaction for Detection of Rectal Infections Due to Chlamydia trachomatis (2003)

We tested rectal specimens from men who have sex with men for Chlamydia trachomatis by using COBAS PCR (Roche Diagnostics) and ligase chain reaction LCR (Abbott laboratories) and compared three PCR specimen-processing procedures. Chlamydiae were detected by one or more procedures in 22 of 186 specimens. All three PCR tests were positive for 17 specimens, all of which also tested positive by LCR.
Classifier cascades for support vector machines (2008)

Support vector machines (SVMs) are a binary classification technique with a growing popularity in the field of machine learning. While SVMs have shown to deliver good classification performance, in itpsilas original formulation the technique can be computationally complex and therefore slow at run-time. In this paper we review and compare two approximation techniques that address the speed problem by approximating the decision function of the SVM with a chosen number of vectors (often referred to as reduced set vectors, RSV). We construct cascades of such approximations and use them for object detection, measuring their ability to early reject non-objects and their average time taken. We then suggest a hybrid approach which combines the two techniques and further improves the performance of the SVM cascade.
Style and abstraction in portrait sketching (2013)

We use a data-driven approach to study both style and abstraction in sketching of a human face. We gather and analyze data from a number of artists as they sketch a human face from a reference photograph. To achieve different levels of abstraction in the sketches, decreasing time limits were imposed -- from four and a half minutes to fifteen seconds. We analyzed the data at two levels: strokes and geometric shape. In each, we create a model that captures both the style of the different artists and the process of abstraction. These models are then used for a portrait sketch synthesis application. Starting from a novel face photograph, we can synthesize a sketch in the various artistic styles and in different levels of abstraction.
N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in healthy blood donors and in patients from general practitioners with and without a diagnosis of cardiac disease. (2005)

Based on the assumption that individuals below the age of 50 years are healthy, reference values based on the 97.5th percentile were established. These values were considered to be normal. The presented data and data from the literature suggest that also in the elderly population a cut-off level of 125 pg/ml is useful either to exclude cardiac dysfunction in symptomatic individuals or to risk stratify elderly individuals in terms of the necessity for intervention.
The Use of Hapten-Polysaccharide Conjugates for the Induction of B-Cell Tolerance Involving IgE Responses (1979)

Inbred strain 2 and (strain 2 x strain 13)F1 guinea pigs were made allergic by intraperitoneal injections of sulphonamide-chicken gamma-globulin (CGG) conjugates. Two sulphonamides were used: 4-sulphanilamide benzoic acid (4-SABA) and sulphamethoxazole (SMX). 4-SABA was coupled to CGG through its carboxylic group and SMX was coupled following diazotization of its sulphanilamide group. The anti-4-SABA and anti-SMX reaginic antibodies formed did not show any cross-reactivity with each other. Injection of 4-SABA coupled to native levan effectively suppressed the allergic responses of these guinea pigs when given either prior to or after immunization with 4-SABA-CGG. This treatment is specific as it did not affect anti-SMX or anti-CGG reaginic responses. Guinea pigs seem more sensitive to the regime used for tolerance induction than correspondingly sensitized mice in that less tolerogen is required on a body weight basis.
CVEPS - a compressed video editing and parsing system (1996)

Article CVEPS - a compressed video editing and parsing system Share on Authors: Jianhao Meng Department of Electrical Engineering & Center for Image Technology for New Media, Columbia University, New York, NY Department of Electrical Engineering & Center for Image Technology for New Media, Columbia University, New York, NYView Profile , Shih-Fu Chang Department of Electrical Engineering & Center for Image Technology for New Media, Columbia University, New York, NY Department of Electrical Engineering & Center for Image Technology for New Media, Columbia University, New York, NYView Profile Authors Info & Claims MULTIMEDIA '96: Proceedings of the fourth ACM international conference on MultimediaFebruary 1997 Pages 43–53https://doi.org/10.1145/244130.244145Online:01 February 1997Publication History 61citation764DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations61Total Downloads764Last 12 Months6Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access