gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbohydrate-Protein Interactions: Basis of Glycobiology (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbohydrate-Protein Interactions: Basis of GlycobiologyY. C. Lee and R. T. LeeCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1995, 28, 8, 321–327Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00056a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00056a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5102Altmetric-Citations1199LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Extended triple intrathecal chemotherapy trial for prevention of CNS relapse in good-risk and poor-risk patients with B-progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a Pediatric Oncology Group study. (1993)

TIC injections extended throughout the intensification and maintenance periods are superior to IDM pulses for prevention of CNS leukemia. Our results with TIC seem comparable with those achieved with other contemporary methods of CNS preventative therapy. Thus, extended TIC affords a reasonable alternative to CNS irradiation plus upfront IT MTX for patients with B-progenitor ALL.
Exploring San Francisco (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReportNEXTExploring San FranciscoPaul S. Cohen and Brenda H. Cohen View Author Information The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ 08628Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 3, 293Publication Date (Web):March 1, 2000Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 March 2000Published inissue 1 March 2000https://doi.org/10.1021/ed077p293RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views38Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (96 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Coarse tip distance adjustment and positioner for a scanning tunneling microscope (1989)

We report on a new coarse tip distance adjustment and positioner for a scanning tunneling microscope, which was designed with ease of sample manipulation and UHV compatibility in mind. It has no mechanical connections in UHV and has been successfully used for measurements of microfaceted platinum surfaces in air and cleaved Si(111) surfaces under liquids.
Collapsin Response Mediator Protein-2 Inhibits Neuronal Phospholipase D2 Activity by Direct Interaction (2002)

Although the functional significance of neuronal phospholipase D (PLD) is being recognized, little is known about its regulatory role in neuronal cells. To elucidate the regulatory mechanism of neuronal PLD, we investigated PLD(2)-binding neuronal protein from rat brain cytosol. During the fractionation of rat brain cytosol by four-column chromatography, a 62-kDa PLD(2)-interacting protein was detected by PLD(2) overlay assay and identified as collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP-2), which controls neuronal axon guidance and outgrowth. Using bacterially expressed glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins, we found that two regions (amino acids 65-192 (the phagocytic oxidase domain) and 724-825) of PLD(2) and a single region (amino acids 243-300) of CRMP-2 are required for the direct binding of both proteins. A co-immunoprecipitation study in COS-7 cells also showed an in vivo interaction between CRMP-2 and PLD(2). Interestingly, CRMP-2 was found to potently inhibit PLD(2) activity in a concentration-dependent manner (IC(50) = 30 nm). Overexpression studies also showed that CRMP-2 is an in vivo inhibitor of PLD(2) in PC12 cells. Moreover, increasing the concentration of semaphorin 3A, one of the repulsive axon guidance cues, showed that PLD(2) activity can be inhibited in PC12 cells. Immunocytochemistry further revealed that PLD(2) is co-localized with CRMP-2 in the distal tips of neurites, its possible action site, in differentiated PC12 cells. Taken together, our results indicate that CRMP-2 may interact directly with and inhibit neuronal PLD(2), suggesting that this inhibitory mode of regulation may play a role in neuronal pathfinding during the developmental stage.
Schumacher’s quantum data compression as a quantum computation (1996)

An explicit algorithm for performing Schumacher's noiseless compression of quantum bits is given. This algorithm is based on a combinatorial expression for a particular bijection among binary strings. The algorithm, which adheres to the rules of reversible programming, is expressed in a high-level pseudocode language. It is implemented using O(${\mathit{n}}^{3}$) two- and three-bit primitive reversible operations, where n is the length of the qubit strings to be compressed. Also, the algorithm makes use of O(n) auxiliary qubits. Space-saving techniques based on those proposed by Bennett are developed which reduce this workspace to O(\ensuremath{\surd}n) while maintaining a running time of O(${\mathit{n}}^{3}$) (albeit with a larger constant). This latter algorithm is of interest because it has a slightly smaller time-space product, which is considered to be the relevant figure of merit for efficiency in some physical models. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Evidence that down-regulation of beta-cell glucose transporters in non-insulin-dependent diabetes may be the cause of diabetic hyperglycemia. (1990)

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is attributed to a failure of pancreatic beta cells to maintain insulin secretion at a level sufficient to compensate for underlying insulin resistance. In the ZDF rat, a model of NIDDM that closely resembles the human syndrome, we have previously reported profound underexpression of GLUT-2, the high-Km facilitative glucose transporter expressed by beta cells of normal animals. Here we report that islets of diabetic rats exhibit a marked decrease in the volume of GLUT-2-positive beta cells and a reduction at the electron-microscopic level in the number of GLUT-2-immunoreactive sites per unit of beta-cell plasma membrane. The deficiency of GLUT-2 cannot be induced in normal beta cells by in vivo or in vitro exposure to high levels of glucose nor can it be prevented in beta cells of prediabetic ZDF rats by elimination of hyperglycemia. We conclude that this dearth of immunodetectable GLUT-2 in NIDDM is not secondary to hyperglycemia and therefore that it may well play a causal role in the development of hyperglycemia.
Variation in the Onset of Flowering of Summer Squash as a Function of Days and Heat Units (1994)

The time from sowing to flowering and maturity of summer squash ( Cucurbita pepo L.) varies depending on environment. Research was conducted over a 2-year period to assess flowering time of five squash cultivars grown at different locations and times in Georgia representing varying thermal regimes. Heat units (HUs) were calculated using a single equation to determine if this approach could account for a significant proportion of the variability in the time to onset of flowering observed over this range of environments. Depending on the cultivar and flower sex, the number of days to flowering varied as much as 20 days. There were no cultivar differences in overall mean days to first staminate flower; however, there were differences in mean days to first pistillate flower. There were cultivar differences in HUs required for staminate and pistillate flowers. The use of HUs significantly affected the variability in time to flowering as indicated by regression analyses and mean absolute differences between predicted and observed days to flowering.
Disruption of insulin signalling preserves bioenergetic competence of mitochondria in ageing Caenorhabditis elegans (2010)

We conclude that low daf-2 function alters the overall rate of ageing by a yet unidentified mechanism with an indirect protective effect on mitochondrial function.
Inhibition of SIRPα in dendritic cells potentiates potent antitumor immunity (2016)

Despite their central function in tumor immunity, dendritic cells (DCs) can respond to inhibitory signals and become tolerogenic, curtailing T cell responses <i>in vivo</i>. Here, we provide the evidence for an inhibitory function of signal regulatory protein (SIRP) α in DC survival and activation. In tumors from human liver cancer patients, infiltrative DCs expressed elevated levels of SIRPα, which is correlated with the induction of immune tolerance within the tumors. Silencing of SIRPα resulted in a significant increase in the longevity of antigen-pulsed DCs in the draining lymph nodes. In addition, SIRPα controls the activation and output of DCs. Silencing of DC-expressed SIRPα induced spontaneous and enhanced production of IL12 and costimulatory molecules, resulting in more potent cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses, including the eradication of previously established solid tumors. SIRPα exerted such effects, at least in part, via the association and sequestration of p85 subunit of PI3K. Thus, SIRPα is a critical regulator of DC lifespan and activity, and its inhibition might improve the clinical efficacy of DC-based tumor vaccines.
A Unified Strategy Towards N‐Aryl Heterocycles by a One‐Pot Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative C–H Amination of Azoles (2014)

Abstract An efficient one‐pot synthesis of N ‐aryl‐substituted heterocycles by a Cu‐catalyzed two‐fold C–N bond formation is reported. This strategy involves a Cu I ‐catalyzed C–N bond‐forming reaction between azoles and electron‐deficient bromopyridines followed by an intramolecular sp 2 C–H amination. One of the products thus formed has been successfully used as a ligand for the synthesis of a Pd complex.
Prostaglandin E Receptor 4 Antagonist in Cancer Immunotherapy: Mechanisms of Action (2020)

A highly expressed prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> (PGE<sub>2</sub>) in tumor tissues suppresses antitumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and causes tumor immune evasion leading to disease progression. In animal studies, selective inhibition of the prostaglandin E receptor 4 (EP4), one of four PGE<sub>2</sub> receptors, suppresses tumor growth, restoring the tumor immune response toward an antitumorigenic condition. This review summarizes PGE<sub>2</sub>/EP4 signal inhibition in relation to the cancer-immunity cycle (C-IC), which describes fundamental tumor-immune interactions in cancer immunotherapy. PGE<sub>2</sub> is suggested to slow down C-IC by inhibiting natural killer cell functions, suppressing the supply of conventional dendritic cell precursors to the TME. This is critical for the tumor-associated antigen priming of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and their translocation to the tumor tissue from the tumor-draining lymph node. Furthermore, PGE<sub>2</sub> activates several key immune-suppressive cells present in tumors and counteracts tumoricidal properties of the effector CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. These effects of PGE<sub>2</sub> drive the tumors to non-T-cell-inflamed tumors and cause refractory conditions to cancer immunotherapies, e.g., immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. EP4 antagonist therapy is suggested to inhibit the immune-suppressive and tumorigenic roles of PGE<sub>2</sub> in tumors, and it may sensitize the therapeutic effects of ICIs in patients with non-inflamed and C-IC-deficient tumors. This review provides insight into the mechanism of action of EP4 antagonists in cancer immunotherapy and suggests a C-IC modulating opportunity for EP4 antagonist therapy in combination with ICIs and/or other cancer therapies.
Effect of β‐carotene on health status and performance of sows and their litters (2000)

Summary A total of 48 sows were allocated to four groups (12 sows per group) at the 99th day of pregnancy and were treated throughout two consecutive breeding cycles, as follows: (a) control group: no treatment; (b) group BC1: 400 mg β‐carotene/sow/day via feed from 7 days prior to the expected farrowing, until the 30th day postservice; (c) group BC2: 400 mg β‐carotene/sow/day via feed from 7 days before weaning up to service, followed by 200 mg β‐carotene until the 30th day postservice; and (d) group BC inj: four intramuscular (i.m.) injections of 200 mg β‐carotene/sow (on the 100th day of pregnancy, on the day of farrowing, on the day of weaning and on the first day of oestrus). Serum β‐carotene equivalents, vitamin A and IgG concentrations were determined in sows at several times of the breeding cycle. Moreover, serum IgG concentrations were determined in piglets on the second day of lactation and at weaning. Data relating to sow reproductive parameters and litter parameters were also recorded. It was shown that concentrations of serum β‐carotene equivalents were elevated only in the BC inj group during lactation and at service, while serum vitamin A concentrations were also elevated in the BC inj group only at oestrus. There was no effect of β‐carotene on the oestrus intensity score, the weaning‐to‐oestrus interval, the number of returns to oestrus per sow and the farrowing‐to‐farrowing interval. The number of piglets born alive was greater in the BC inj group compared with the controls, while the litter size at weaning was greater in the groups BC1, BC2 and BC inj compared with the control group ( p &lt; 0.05). Supplementation of β‐carotene did not appear to influence the serum IgG concentration in sows and piglets.
Evidence of Aggregate Formation for 2,5-Dialkylpoly(p-phenyleneethynylenes) in Solution and Thin Films (1998)

The absorptive and emissive behavior of four highly fluorescent bisalkyl-substituted poly(p-phenyleneethynylenes) (R = hexyl, dodecyl, 2-(ethyl)hexyl, and 3,5,5-trimethylhexyl) was examined. Aggregate and excimer formation was seen in solution and in the solid state by a combination of absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy in solvent/nonsolvent (chloroform/methanol) mixtures and in thin films. The aggregates were identified by the occurrence of a sharp absorption centered at 440 nm, undetectable in dilute chloroform solution, and a broad emission at 504 nm. The average size of the aggregate formed in chloroform/methanol solvent mixtures must exceed 1.5 μm, as was evidenced in filtering-experiments utilizing a set of membranes with different pore sizes to successively remove smaller aggregates.
Plasma concentrations of coenzyme Q10 and tocopherols in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer (2003)

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) may, at times, unpredictably progress to invasive carcinoma of the cervix. Epidemiological nutritional studies suggest that higher dietary consumption and circulating levels of certain micronutrients may be protective against cervical cancer. However, a preventive role of dietary antioxidants in CIN is not well established. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the comparative plasma concentrations of three potent antioxidants, coenzyme Q(10,) alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol, in women with normal Pap smears and patients with a biopsy-confirmed histopathological lesion diagnosed as CIN or cervical cancer. Plasma concentrations of coenzyme Q(10,) alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography in both normal women without any history of abnormal Pap smears (n=48), and patients with histopathologically confirmed diagnoses of: (a) CIN I, n=98; (b) CIN II, n=49; (c) CIN III, n=10; and (d) cervical cancer, n=25. The mean plasma levels of coenzyme Q(10), alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol were significantly lower (P<0.001,<0.001, and<0.001, respectively by Kruskal-Wallis test) in patients with various grades of CIN and cervical cancer compared with controls. After controlling for age and smoking, an inverse association between histological grades of epithelial lesions and both plasma coenzyme Q(10) and alpha-tocopherol concentrations was observed. The low plasma concentrations of coenzyme Q(10) may be due to deficient dietary intake or a decrease in endogenous coenzyme Q(10) biosynthesis that may reflect increased utilization as a result of free radical reactive oxygen species induced oxidative stress. Further molecular studies on the mechanistic role of antioxidants in women with precancer cervical lesions are needed.
Regioselective alcoholysis of flavonoid acetates with lipase in an organic solvent (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRegioselective alcoholysis of flavonoid acetates with lipase in an organic solventMariapina Natoli, Giovanni Nicolosi, and Mario PiattelliCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 21, 5776–5778Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00047a040RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views401Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (454 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
R-Spondin1 protects mice from chemotherapy or radiation-induced oral mucositis through the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway (2009)

R-Spondin1 (RSpo1) is a novel secreted protein that augments canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. We injected recombinant RSpo1 protein into transgenic Wnt reporter TOPGAL mice and have identified the oral mucosa as a target tissue for RSpo1. Administration of RSpo1 into normal mice triggered nuclear translocation of beta-catenin and resulted in increased basal layer cellularity, thickened mucosa, and elevated epithelial cell proliferation in tongue. We herein evaluated the therapeutic potential of RSpo1 in treating chemotherapy or radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis in several mouse models. Prophylactic treatment with RSpo1 dose-dependently overcame the reduction of basal layer epithelial cellularity, mucosal thickness, and epithelial cell proliferation in tongues of mice exposed to whole-body irradiation. RSpo1 administration also substantially alleviated tongue mucositis in the oral cavity of mice receiving concomitant 5-fluorouracil and x-ray radiation. Furthermore, RSpo1 significantly reduced the extent of tongue ulceration in mice receiving a single fraction, high dose head-only radiation in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, combined therapy of RSpo1 and keratinocyte growth factor resulted in complete healing of tongue ulcers in mice subjected to snout-only irradiation. In conclusion, our results demonstrate RSpo1 to be a potent therapeutic agent for oral mucositis by enhancing basal layer epithelial regeneration and accelerating mucosal repair through up-regulation of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway.
Inhibitory Substrate Binding Site of Human Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (2009)

Human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (hIDO) is an intracellular heme-containing enzyme, which catalyzes the initial and rate-determining step of L-tryptophan (L-Trp) metabolism via the kynurenine pathway. Due to its immunosuppressive function, hIDO has been recognized as an important drug target for cancer. Here we report evidence supporting the presence of an inhibitory substrate binding site (S(i)) in hIDO that is capable of binding molecules with a wide variety of structures, including substrates (L-Trp and 1-methyl-L-tryptophan), an effector (3-indole ethanol), and an uncompetitive inhibitor (Mitomycin C). The data offer useful guidelines for future development of more potent hIDO inhibitors; they also call for the re-evaluation of the action mechanism of Mitomycin C (MtoC), a widely used antitumor chemotherapeutic agent.
Effects of Gonadal Steroids in Women With a History of Postpartum Depression (2000)

The data provide direct evidence in support of the involvement of the reproductive hormones estrogen and progesterone in the development of postpartum depression in a subgroup of women. Further, they suggest that women with a history of postpartum depression are differentially sensitive to mood-destabilizing effects of gonadal steroids.
Neuromuscular Junction Protection for the Potential Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2012)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neuromuscular disease characterized by the progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons (MNs), leading to muscular atrophy and eventual respiratory failure. ALS research has primarily focused on mechanisms regarding MN cell death; however, degenerative processes in the skeletal muscle, particularly involving neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), are observed in the early stages of and throughout disease progression. According to the "dying-back" hypothesis, NMJ degeneration may not only precede, but actively cause upper and lower MN loss. The importance of NMJ pathology has relatively received little attention in ALS, possibly because compensatory mechanisms mask NMJ loss for prolonged periods. Many mechanisms explaining NMJ degeneration have been proposed such as the disruption of anterograde/retrograde axonal transport, irregular cellular metabolism, and changes in muscle gene and protein expression. Neurotrophic factors, which are known to have neuroprotective and regenerative properties, have been intensely investigated for their therapeutic potential in both the preclinical and clinical setting. Additional research should focus on the potential of preserving NMJs in order to delay or prevent disease progression.