gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression pattern of the human FcRH/IRTA receptors in normal tissue and in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2006)

A new family of Ig domain receptors referred to as the immune receptor translocation-associated (IRTA) proteins, FcR homologs (FcRHs) or FcR-like that are expressed in lymphoid cells has been recently described. RNA expression analysis suggests that FcRH1-5/IRTA1-5 are expressed exclusively in subsets of the B-cell compartment. We generated mAbs to FcRH1-5/IRTA1-5 and examined their protein expression pattern in normal tissue and in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. Our data indicated that FcRH1-5/IRTA1-5 were expressed in B-cell sub-populations; however, in some cases, the protein was not expressed in the same B-cell populations as suggested by the RNA expression analysis. FcRH1/IRTA5 was expressed throughout the B-cell lineage starting at the pro-B-cell stage but was down-regulated in plasma cells. FcRH2/IRTA4 was expressed preferentially in memory B cells. FcRH3/IRTA3 was expressed at low levels in naive, germinal center (GC) and memory B cells but was also expressed in NK cells. FcRH4/IRTA1 was expressed in a sub-population of memory B cells associated with mucosal tissue. FcRH5/IRTA2 was expressed in mature B cells and memory B cells and down-regulated in GC cells and, unlike all other B-cell-specific markers, maintained its expression in plasma cells from tonsil, spleen and bone marrow. We examined the expression of FcRH1-5/IRTA1-5 on the surface of CLL cells and found a similar pattern of expression on CLL cells as in the normal mature B cells, except for FcRH3/IRTA3 which was up-regulated in CLL.
The susceptibility of bacteria to photodynamic inactivation with lanthanide complexes of chlorin e6 (2005)

Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) may be a very promising alternative method for antimicrobial treatment of many localised infections. In the present study we report the activity of three lanthanides (Eu(III), Pr(III), Yb(III)) complexes of Fotolon sensitizer, composed of chlorin e6 and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), against standard <i>E.coli P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae</i> and <i>S. aureus</i> ATCC strains. The 160±10mW/cm<sup>2</sup> of 651 nm laser light was applied for 600 seconds after photosensitiser administration (50&#956;g/ml) and 30 minutes incubation time. Impact of pure Fotolon and pure lanthanides solution was examined as control groups.
Streptococcal M6 protein expressed in Escherichia coli. Localization, purification, and comparison with streptococcal-derived M protein. (1984)

Type 6 streptococcal M protein produced by E. coli bearing plasmid pJRS42.13 (ColiM6) accumulates in the periplasmic space of this new host. No immunoreactive M protein was found either on the surface of the organism or in the culture medium. The ColiM6 protein was purified from the periplasm and the final preparation consisted of three protein bands of apparent molecular weight 55,000, 57,000, and 59,000. These three bands were identical in migration in SDS PAGE to that of the M protein present in freshly prepared crude periplasm. The amino acid composition of the ColiM6 protein was nearly identical to that of M protein isolated from streptococci with phage lysin (LysM6). Furthermore, except for the amino terminal residue of the LysM6 molecule, the amino terminal sequence of the ColiM6 molecule was identical to those of both LysM6 and M protein released from the streptococcus by limited peptic digestion (PepM6). These results reveal that the molecule produced in the E. coli and transported into the periplasm may be the complete M protein as it exists on the streptococcus. The results also indicate that the systems that process M protein for transport through the cytoplasmic membrane are similar in the streptococcus and E. coli. The purified ColiM6 protein was able to remove opsonic antibodies from both human and rabbit serum, as well as to stimulate the production of opsonic antibodies in rabbits, indicating that the immunodeterminants on this molecule are the same as those found on streptococcal-derived M molecules.
Reversal of acute myelogenous leukemia in humanized SCID mice using a novel adoptive transfer approach. (1994)

Advanced human malignancies cannot be permanently cured by adoptive transfer of autologous lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. Moreover, administration of high doses of IL-2 to maintain LAK activity in vivo is associated with severe toxicity. In this study, we tested the anti-tumor efficacy of a uniquely potent MHC non-restricted human killer T cell clone (TALL-104) in humanized severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice bearing acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). We show that, in appropriate experimental conditions, TALL-104 cells could effectively reverse the aggressive growth of the myelomonocytic leukemia cell line U937 in SCID mouse tissues, leading to complete abrogation of AML. A single transfer of TALL-104 cells at the time of tumor challenge in combination with recombinant human (rh) IL-12 (1 microgram/d) prolonged significantly the life of the mice. However, eradication of leukemia, as monitored both clinically and by PCR, was achieved by repeated injection of the effectors at close intervals. Complete cure was obtained also upon transfer of lethally irradiated (non-proliferating) TALL-104 cells together with low doses of rh IL-2 (100 U/d). Most notably, of the mice that received multiple transfers of TALL-104 cells without cytokines in an advanced disease stage, 50% were clinically cured, and 50% survived significantly longer. The potential of TALL-104 cells as an effective and safe leukemia purging agent is discussed.
Screening and Surveillance for Barrett Esophagus in High-Risk Groups: A CostUtility Analysis (2003)

Screening 50-year-old men with symptoms of GERD to detect adenocarcinoma associated with Barrett esophagus is probably cost-effective. However, subsequent surveillance of patients with Barrett esophagus but no dysplasia, even at 5-year intervals, is an expensive practice.
Recent Advances in Free-Living Physical Activity Monitoring: A Review (2007)

It has become clear recently that the epidemic of type 2 diabetes sweeping the globe is associated with decreased levels of physical activity and an increase in obesity. Incorporating appropriate and sufficient physical activity into one's life is an essential component of achieving and maintaining a healthy weight and overall health, especially for those with type II diabetes mellitus. Regular physical activity can have a positive impact by lowering blood glucose, helping the body to be more efficient at using insulin. There are other substantial benefits for patients with diabetes, including prevention of cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and obesity. Several complications of utilizing a self-care treatment methodology involving exercise include (1) patients may not know how much activity that they engage in and (2) health-care providers do not have objective measurements of how much activity their patients perform. However, several technological advances have brought a variety of activity monitoring devices to the market that can address these concerns. Ranging from simple pedometers to multisensor devices, the different technologies offer varying levels of accuracy, comfort, and reliability. The key notion is that by providing feedback to the patient, motivation can be increased and targets can be set and aimed toward. Although these devices are not specific to the treatment of diabetes, the importance of physical activity in treating the disease makes an understanding of these devices important. This article reviews these physical activity monitors and describes the advantages and disadvantages of each.
Continuous listening for unconstrained spoken dialog (2000)

A major hindrance to rendering spoken dialog systems capable of ongoing, continuous listening without requiring a push-to-talk device is the problem of distinguishing speech which is intended for the system from that which is overheard. We present a decision-theoretic approach to this problem that exploits Bayesian models of spoken dialog at four levels of analysis within a domain-independent, multi-modal computational architecture called Quartet. We applied Quartet to the task of navigating PowerPoint slide shows during a spoken presentation in a prototype system called Presenter. We describe the runtime behavior of Presenter as well as the results of an experimental study comparing the performance of Presenter to human subjects in discriminating arbitrarily formed spoken requests for slide navigation during a recorded lecture.
Permeability Modification Using Sulfomethylated Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Gel System (1997)

Abstract A gel system based on the reaction of sulfomethylated resorcinol and formaldehyde has been developed. This gel system, termed SMRF, is tolerant of a wide range of salinities and divalent ion content. It has been tested in laboratory core floods conducted at 41°C(105.8°F) using Berea sandstone cores, Baker dolomite cores and reservoir rock from the Pen Field which produces from the Lansing-Kansas City formation. In these core tests, the gelling system was injected into short cores and allowed to gel in situ. Permeability to brine after in situ gelation was determined for each core as well as permeability after several pore volumes of brine injection. The SMRF gel system reduced the permeabilities of Berea and Baker dolomite cores to values on the order of 8–18 microdarcies. The Lansing-Kansas City reservoir rock was plugged by the gel system. The new gel system has a viscosity close to water when the reactants are mixed and is easily injected into porous rock. SMRF forms strong and stable gels at temperatures between 25°C and 52°C(126°F) and in the pH range between 5 and 8.0. Gel times are a function of pH, salinity, concentration of the chemical constituents and temperature, and can be controlled by appropriate adjustment of these parameters. Laboratory data describing the characteristics of the SMRF system in beaker tests are presented. Also included are results of extensive core testing. The SMRF gel system is one of the few gel systems that will form a gel in situ in the presence of the strong buffering that occurs when brine is injected into carbonate rock. The SMRF system has potential for near wellbore treatments of carbonate matrix rock such as found in the Lansing-Kansas City formations of central Kansas as well as the low permeability carbonates found in the San Andres formations in West Texas.
What are the Causative Factors for a Slow, Progressive Enlargement of a Chronic Subdural Hematoma? (2007)

Excessive coagulation in the hematoma, predominantly via the extrinsic clotting pathway, local hyperfibrinolysis, transmitted pulsations, and characteristics of the macrocapillaries play an important role in the leakage of blood and the enlargement of CSDH.
Induced Pluripotency in Chicken Embryonic Fibroblast Results in a Germ Cell Fate (2014)

Germ cells (GCs) are critically important as the vehicle that passes genetic information from one generation to the next. Correct development of these cells is essential and perturbation in their development often leads to reproductive failure and disease. Despite the importance of GCs, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the acquisition and maintenance of the GC character. Using a reprogramming strategy, we demonstrate that overexpression of ectopic transcription factors in embryonic fibroblasts can lead to the generation of chicken induced primordial germ cells (ciPGCs). These ciPGCs express pluripotent markers POU5F1, SSEA1, and the GC defining proteins, CVH and DAZL, closely resembling in vivo sourced PGCs instead of embryonic stem cells. Moreover, CXCR4 expressing ciPGCs were capable of migrating to the embryonic gonad after injection into the vasculature of stage 15 embryos, indicating the acquisition of a GC fate in these cells. Direct availability of ciPGCs in vitro would facilitate the study of GC development as well as provide a potential strategy for the conservation of important genetics of agricultural and endangered birds using somatic cells.
The Use of Minimal RNA Toeholds to Trigger the Activation of Multiple Functionalities (2016)

Current work reports the use of single-stranded RNA toeholds of different lengths to promote the reassociation of various RNA-DNA hybrids, which results in activation of multiple split functionalities inside human cells. The process of reassociation is analyzed and followed with a novel computational multistrand secondary structure prediction algorithm and various experiments. All of our previously designed RNA/DNA nanoparticles employed single-stranded DNA toeholds to initiate reassociation. The use of RNA toeholds is advantageous because of the simpler design rules, the shorter toeholds, and the smaller size of the resulting nanoparticles (by up to 120 nucleotides per particle) compared to the same hybrid nanoparticles with single-stranded DNA toeholds. Moreover, the cotranscriptional assemblies result in higher yields for hybrid nanoparticles with ssRNA toeholds.
MICROSPHERES AS FLOATING DRUG-DELIVERY SYSTEMS TO INCREASE GASTRIC RETENTION OF DRUGS (2001)

Gastric emptying is a complex process, which is highly variable and makes in vivo performance of the drug-delivery systems uncertain. In order to avoid this variability, efforts have been made to increase the retention time of the drug-delivery systems for more than 12 h. The floating or hydrodynamically controlled drug-delivery systems are useful in such applications. The present review addresses briefly the physiology of the gastric emptying process with respect to floating drug-delivery systems. In recent years, the multiparticulate drug-delivery systems are used in the oral delivery of drugs. One of the approaches toward this goal is to develop the floating microspheres so as to increase the gastric retention time. Such systems have more advantages over the single-unit dosage forms. The development of floating microspheres involves different solvent evaporation techniques to create the hollow inner core. The present review addresses the preparation and characterization of the floating microspheres for the peroral route of administration of the drug.
Therapeutic strategies for psoriasis (2000)

Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory, hyperproliferative skin disease that affects approximately 1-2% of the general population in the U.K. and U.S.A. It is rarely life-threatening, but causes considerable patient morbidity. The disease waxes and wanes, with substantial variability both between and within individual patients. There is no cure for psoriasis; therefore, the aim of treatment is to minimize the extent and severity of the disease to the point at which it no longer disrupts substantially the patient's quality of life. We review the current treatment options, which include topical therapies, phototherapy and systemic agents. Lack of efficacy, adverse effects and aesthetic problems limit the use of many topical therapies. Likewise, the risk of toxicity is a major problem with currently available phototherapies and systemic treatments. Advances in understanding the aetiology and pathogenesis of psoriasis allude to the possibility of innovative, targeted therapies in the future.
Increased prevalence of the Taq I A1allele of the dopamine receptor gene (DRD2) in obesity with comorbid substance use disorder: a preliminary report (1996)

In order to investigate the prevalence of the Taq I A1 allele of the dopamine receptor gene (DRD2) in obesity with and without comorbid substance use disorder, a total of 40 patients, from an outpatient neuropsychiatric clinic in Princeton, New Jersey, were genotyped for presence or absence of the Taq I DRD2 A1 allele. The primary inclusion criterion for 40 obese subjects was a body mass index (BMI) equal to or over 25 (uncharacterized); 11 obese subjects had severe substance use disorder; 20 controls had a BMI below 25; and, 33 substance use disorder (less severe) patients had a BMI below 25. The data were statistically compared with three different sets of controls divided into three separate groups (Group I, n = 20; Group II, n = 286; Group III, n = 714). They differed according to screening criteria (drug, alcohol, nicotine abuse/dependence, BMI below 25 and other related behaviours including parental history of alcoholism or drug abuse and DSM IV, Axis I and Axis II diagnoses). Groups II and III were population controls derived from the literature. The prevalence of the Taq I A1D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) alleles was determined in 40 Caucasian obese females and males. In this sample with a mean BMI of 32.35 +/- 1.02, the A1 allele of the DRD2 gene was present in 52.5% of these obese subjects. Furthermore, we found that in the 23 obese subjects possessing comorbid substance use disorder, the prevalence of the DRD2 A1 allele significantly increased compared to the 17 obese subjects without comorbid substance use disorder. The DRD2 A1 allele was present in 73.9% of the obese subjects with comorbid substance use disorder compared to 23.5% in obese subjects without comorbid substance use disorder. Moreover, when we assessed severity of substance usage (alcoholism, cocaine dependence, etc.) increasing severity of drug use increased the prevalence of the Taq I DRD2 A1 allele; where 66.67% (8/12) of less severe probands possessed the A1 allele compared to 82% (9/11) of the most severe cases. Linear trend analyses showed that increasing use of drugs was positively and significantly associated with A1 allelic classification (p < 0.00001). These preliminary data suggest that the presence of the DRD2 A1 allele confirms increased risk not only for obesity, but also for other related addictive behaviours (previously referred to as the Reward Deficiency Syndrome) and that a BMI over 25 by itself (without characterization of macroselection or comorbid substance use disorders) is not a sufficient criterion for association with the DRD2 A1 allele.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of MACIF, an Inhibitor of Membrane Channel Formation of Complement1 (1989)

Human erythrocytes contain a membrane protein, MACIF, which inhibits the formation of a membrane attack complex (MAC) of complement. We have cloned and sequenced the complementary DNA of MACIF messenger RNA. The amino acid sequence predicted from its nucleotide sequence consists of 128 amino acids. The amino-terminal 25 residues may correspond to a signal peptide. The carboxy-terminal sequence confirmed that MACIF is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein. The amino acid sequence of MACIF was partially determined by established techniques for protein chemistry and the resultant sequence was consistent with that predicted from the nucleotide sequence. The results of sequence analyses also suggested that asparagine at the 18th position was N-glycosylated. When mRNA obtained from the MACIF cDNA clone with SP6 RNA polymerase was microinjected into Xenopus oocytes, the oocytes synthesized a product which exhibited MACIF activity and reacted with anti-MACIF antibody. Comparison of the predicted sequence revealed significant homology with mouse Ly-6 antigens.
Relaxor ferroelectric transducers (2002)

Novel ultrasonic transducers whose sensitivity can be controlled with a DC bias field have been developed by utilizing relaxor ferroelectrics as a transducer material in place of conventional piezoelectrics. Relaxor ferroelectrics have a large bias-field-induced piezoelectricity as well as a giant electrostrictive effect due to their extremely large dielectric constant ( approximately 10/sup 4/). Pb(Mg/sub 1/3/Nb/sub 2/3/)O/sub 3/ (PMN) is a typical relaxor ferroelectric having a diffuse phase transition at around 0 degrees C. The addition of 9 mol.% of PbTiO/sub 3/ to the PMN is found to produce a transducer material whose electromechanical coupling factor for the thickness mode is comparable to that of PZT ceramics for a practical DC bias field. It is suggested that the application of recent piezoceramic/polymer composite technology to this relaxor ferroelectric transducer can play an important role in developing two-dimensional arrays.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Sequence-specific cleavage of DNA by N-bromoacetyldistamycin. Product and kinetic analyses (1989)

N-Bromoacetyldistamycin (BO) is a designed molecule with two structural domains with distinct functions: sequence specific binding to double helical DNA and cleavage of the DNA backbone. An electrophilic bromoacetyl group is appended to the amino end of the tripeptide from the natural product distamycin A. Footprinting studies reveal that N-bromoacetyldistamycin binds within minutes to a 167 base pair (bp) restriction fragment at four A,T rich sites five base pairs in size, 5'-TTTAA, GTTTA, AAATT, and GAAAT-3'. After a reaction time of 5 h at 37 °C, cleavage occurs at a single adenine in the GTTTA site in this 167 bp restriction fragment following a piperidine workup procedure. Covalent attachment of BD occurs at N3 of adenine. 3-(Acetyldistamycin)adenine is the released product from the reaction of BD with a 15 base pair oligonucleotide duplex 5'-CGGTAGTTTATCACA-3' at 37 °C. The 3' and 5' DNA termini at the site of cleavage after piperidine treatment are phosphate groups. Alkylation of adenine in duplex DNA by BD is described by a first-order rate process. The rate constant for alkylation of N3 of adenine at the sequence 5'-GTTTA-3' is k = 5.39 X 10^(-6)s^(-1) (t_(1/2) = 35.7 h) at 37 °C. The cleavage specificities of the synthetic molecule, N-bromoacetyldistamycin, and the natural product, CC-1065, were compared on the 167 bp restriction fragment. After a reaction time of 1 h at 37 °C, CC-1065 cleaves at 13 adenines whereas BD shows cleavage at one adenine. The differences in covalent binding specificity between CC-1065 and BD may be related to sequence dependent reactivity in both cases but sequence dependent binding being additionally important in the latter.
Fracture Toughness Measurement of Glass and Ceramic Materials Using Chevron‐Notched Specimens (1988)

Fracture toughness of several different materials was measured using chevronnotched short bar and four‐point bend specimens For glass‐ceramic and ceramic samples both specimens gave valid results. Fracture toughness values measured with bend specimens are 5% to 10% higher compared to those of the short bar. Consistent results for glass could be obtained only with short bar specimens. The notch width of the bend specimen affected the stability of crack growth in glass samples. Fracture toughness values measured in the present study are in good agreement with those of the previous studies.
Renegotiating Health Care: Resolv-ing Conflict to Build Collaboration (1996)

Journal For Healthcare Quality: September 1996 - Volume 18 - Issue 5 - p 36 doi: 10.1111/j.1945-1474.1996.tb00860.x