gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of new iridium complexes and their electrophosphorescent properties in polymer light-emitting diodes (2002)

Several new iridium complexes with p-substituted 2-phenylpyridine (R-PPy) ligands have been synthesized and characterized. The complexes were incorporated into phosphorescent polymer light-emitting devices using soluble poly[1,4-bis(6′-cyano-6′-methylheptyloxy)phenylene] (CNPPP) as the host and the resultant materials compared with Ir(PPy)3-doped devices. Green electrophosphorescence was observed, with peak emission at about 495 and 515 nm. Among the devices fabricated, highly efficient polymer light-emitting diodes were obtained with CNPPP doped with fac-tris[2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)pyridinato]iridium. An external quantum efficiency of 4.4% (photoluminescence/electroluminescence) and a luminous efficiency of 10 cd A−1 were obtained at 120 cd m−2. These values remain at 4.2% and 10 cd A−1, respectively, at 2500 cd m−2. The improvement is attributed to improved interaction between the guest and host, and to better and more complete energy transfer from the host singlet to the guest triplet state. These results demonstrate that efficient electrophosphorescence is not limited to small molecule organic light-emitting diodes, it can also be achieved in devices made with polymer hosts.
Effects of an open-label pilot study with high-dose EPA/DHA concentrates on plasma phospholipids and behavior in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (2007)

The findings of this small pilot study suggest supplementation with high-dose EPA/DHA concentrates may improve behavior in children with ADHD.
“免费”是成功的新典范？——以可持续方式从服务提供商的核心资源中赚钱 (2009)

通过部署永远在线的宽带基础设施，服务提供商使这些新形式的使用和消费成为可能。为了能在这些服务上进一步产生收益，服务提供商需要超越现有的基于服务订阅的收入来源模式而采用利用internet和Web2．0周边新动力的商业模式。
[Expression of acidophilic alpha-amylase from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius]. (2005)

The alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) from the Gram-positive Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius was one kind of thermoacidophilic enzyme, with optimal temperature and pH of 75 degrees C and 3, respectively. The nucleotide sequence of the gene amy was cloned by PCR. The gene amy was 3901bp long, comprising one open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 1301 amino acids. The calculated molecular weight of the alpha-amylase AMY was about 140kD. The gene amy was expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) and Pichia pastoris respectively, and both of the cloned proteins had bioactivity. The activity of amylase expressed in P. pastoris was further testified by amylase activity staining. The alpha-amylase expressed in P. pastoris had been purified and characterized. The apparent molecular weight of that was about 160kD according to SDS-PAGE. The optimum of pH for the enzyme was pH 3.2 as the native enzyme was; but the optimum of temperature was 65 degrees C and a little lower than that of the native enzyme. Above 50% of relative activity remained after incubation for 30 minutes in 70 degrees C. So the enzyme expressed by P. pastoris was also thermoacidophilic. Moreover some sequence was cloned by PCR, which ranged from + 1174 bp to + 3288 bp in the gene amy, encoding 705 amino acids with the calculated molecular weight of 79kD. The truncated gene amy' was expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) induced by 1 mmol/L IPTG, and the expressed enzyme also retained alpha-amylase activity.
Adenovirus L1 52- and 55-kilodalton proteins are present within assembling virions and colocalize with nuclear structures distinct from replication centers (1992)

Analysis of a temperature-sensitive mutant, Ad5ts369, had indicated that the adenovirus L1 52- and 55-kDa proteins (52/55-kDa proteins) are required for the assembly of infectious virions. By using monoclonal antibodies directed against bacterially produced L1 52-kDa protein, the L1 52/55-kDa proteins were found to be differentially phosphorylated forms of a single 48-kDa polypeptide. Both phosphoforms were shown to be present within all suspected virus assembly intermediates (empty capsids, 50 to 100 molecules; young virions, 1 to 2 molecules) but not within mature virions. The mobilities of these proteins in polyacrylamide gels were affected by reducing agents, indicating that the 52/55-kDa proteins may exist as homodimers within the cell and within assembling particles. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that the 52/55-kDa proteins localize to regions within the infected nucleus that are distinct from viral DNA replication centers, indicating that replication and assembly of viral components likely occur in separate nuclear compartments. Immunoelectron microscopic studies determined that the 52/55-kDa proteins are found in close association with structures that appear to contain assembling virions. These results are consistent with an active but transient role for the L1 products in assembly of the adenovirus particle, perhaps as scaffolding proteins.
Comparison of the consensus sequence flanking translational start sites inDrosophilaand vertebrates (1987)

The previously presented consensus sequence for eukaryotic translation initiation sites by Kozak was derived substantially from vertebrate mRNA sequences. Drosophila nuclear genes exhibit a significantly different translation start consensus sequence. These differences probably do not represent mechanistic differences in translation initiation inasmuch as both taxa exhibit identical preferences and restrictions at the crucial -3 position. Using more conservative criteria for the assignment of consensus the following consensus sequences were derived: vertebrate--CANCAUG and Drosophila--CAAAACAUG.
Vascular endothelial growth factor promotes sensitivity to ultraviolet B–induced cutaneous photodamage (2004)

Acute ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation of the skin results in erythema, vasodilation, edema, and angiogenesis, which is associated with the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by epidermal keratinocytes. It is unclear, however, whether VEGF is required for the damage or repair process that occurs in the skin on UVB exposure. We subjected transgenic mice that overexpress VEGF, and their wild-type littermates, to graded doses of acute UVB irradiation. The skin of VEGF-overexpressing mice was highly photosensitive and became erythematic when exposed to half the UVB dose required to induce erythema in wild-type mice. Erythema was associated with proliferating dermal endothelial cells, cutaneous edema, and inflammatory cell infiltration. When subjected to 10 weeks of low-level UVB irradiation, no major changes were observed in wild-type mice, whereas VEGF transgenic mice developed skin damage associated with degradation of the dermal matrix and enhanced vascularization. Systemic treatment with an anti-VEGF blocking antibody reduced the sensitivity of wild-type mice to acute UVB irradiation without inhibiting post-UVB repair. Our results reveal that VEGF promotes the cutaneous damage that occurs after UVB exposure and that the VEGF signaling pathway might serve as a novel target for the prevention of UVB-induced photodamage.
Endothelialization of Microporous YIGSR/PEG-Modified Polyurethaneurea (2005)

Bioactive polyurethaneurea modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the endothelial cell-adhesive peptide YIGSR was synthesized and fabricated into microporous scaffolds. This material has shown appropriate mechanical properties for vascular graft applications, resists platelet adhesion, and promotes endothelialization. In the current study, microporous scaffolds were formed by a gasfoaming and salt-leaching method. The scaffolds showed highly interconnected open pores throughout the matrices, with porosity of approximately 78% and pore sizes of 20-200 microm. The peptide modified scaffolds showed superior mechanical properties over peptide-free scaffolds (tensile strength, 1.4 +/- 0.03 versus 0.19 +/- 0.01 MPa; p < 0.01). Bovine aortic endothelial cells were seeded on the scaffolds, and cell attachment, proliferation, extracellular matrix production, and migration were investigated. Histological and scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that few cells adhered on peptide-free scaffolds, whereas confluent endothelial cell monolayers formed along the pores in peptide-modified scaffolds. DNA content, hydroxyproline production, and cell migration were also significantly greater in peptide-modified scaffolds.
Median filtering by threshold decomposition (1984)

Median filters are a special class of ranked order filters used for smoothing signals. Repeated application of the filter on a quantized signal of finite length ultimately results in a sequence, termed a root signal, which is invariant to further passes of the median filter. In this paper, it is shown that median filtering an arbitrary level signal to its root is equivalent to decomposing the signal into binary signals, filtering each binary signal to a root with a binary median filter, and then reversing the decomposition. This equivalence allows problems in the analysis and the implementation of median filters for arbitrary level signals to be reduced to the equivalent problems for binary signals. Since the effects of median filters on binary signals are well understood, this technique is a powerful new tool.
Sequence-Dependent Stability of DNA-Modified Gold Nanoparticles (2002)

The binding affinity of deoxynucleosides (dA, dG, dC, and dT) to gold nanoparticles was studied using a colorimetric assay to determine if nucleobase sequence may play a role in binding alkanethiol-capped oligonucleotides to gold nanoparticles. These data indicate that the deoxynucleoside dT has a much lower binding affinity to the gold nanoparticle surface than the deoxynucleosides dG, dC, and dA. These data can be correlated with a previous study in our lab which indicated that alkanethiol-capped oligonucleotides containing (dT)20 spacers have a significantly higher surface coverage than oligonucleotides containing (dA)20 spacers. To probe the physical consequences of this phenomenon, gold nanoparticles were loaded with alkanethiol-capped poly dT, dA, and dC oligonucleotide sequences of 5−20 bases in length, and the stabilities of the particles in electrolytic media were measured by monitoring a colorimetric change associated with particle agglomeration. The gold nanoparticles loaded with alkanethiol-capped poly dT oligonucleotides exhibited a dramatic increase in stability as the oligonucleotide length was increased from 5 to 20 bases. By comparison, gold nanoparticles loaded with poly dC and poly dA sequences exhibited only a slight increase in stability as the oligonucleotide length was increased. The sequence-dependent stability observed for the DNA-modified gold nanoparticles is attributed to the weaker interaction of the deoxynucleoside dT with the gold nanoparticle surface which results in higher surface coverages and consequently enhanced stability as the oligonucleotide length is increased.
Aberrant splicing in adult onset glycogen storage disease type II (GSDII): molecular identification of an IVS1 (– 13T→G) mutation in a majority of patients and a novel IVS10 (+ 1GT → CT) mutation (1994)

Two newly identified splice site mutations (IVS1 -13T-->G and IVS10 +1GT-->CT) were found in a patient with adult onset of the autosomal recessive disorder glycogen storage disease type II (GSDII). The IVS1 -13T-->G transversion in the acceptor splice site was found on one allele in over two thirds of adult onset GSDII patients studied (28/41), but was not seen in 58 normal or 12 infantile onset GSDII chromosomes. Molecular analysis of cDNA from the index patient and four additional, ethnically different, individuals carrying the IVS1 -13T-->G transversion showed splicing out of the first coding exon as well as rare utilization of a cryptic splice site in the exon. An IVS10 +1GT-->CT transversion, unique to the index patient, was detected on the second chromosome. The IVS10 +1GT-->CT results in splicing out of exon 10 including part of the enzyme catalytic site. Additionally, a large deletion encompassing exon 18, previously described in four unrelated patients, was also detected in three unrelated adult GSDII patients, two of whom carried the IVS1 -13T-->G transversion. The frequency of the IVS1 splice site mutation suggests that detection of this mutation could potentially aid in the diagnosis of the phenotypically variable syndrome of adult onset GSDII. The finding that the -13T-->G mutation is a very common mutation in adult onset GSDII patients of varying ethnic and racial backgrounds, suggests that it is either an ancient mutation or confers a selective advantage. Although to our knowledge these are the first splice site mutations to be reported for GSDII, additional splice site mutations are likely and could provide the basis for later onset disease in GSDII.
Lysophosphatidylserine Enhances Exogenous Type II Phospholipase A2-Induced Activation of Rat Serosal Mast Cells. (1996)

We have previously shown that exogenous type II phospholipase A2 (PLA2) alone elicits degranulation of mast cells, including rat serosal mast cells (SMC) and mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC). Here we report that lysophosphatidylserine (lysoPS), a co-factor for activation of rodent SMC in response to some tyrosine kinase-coupled agonists, enhanced type II PLA2-elicited histamine release from rat SMC. In contrast, mouse BMMC was insensitive to lysoPS. Our findings demonstrate a novel route for activation of SMC in that type II PLA2 can act as a direct activator of SMC with enhancement by lysoPS, which is generated from membrane phosphatidylserine possibly by the action of the same enzyme.
Fel d 4, a cat lipocalin allergen (2004)

Fel d 4 is a lipocalin allergen produced by the cat, which binds IgE at relatively high frequency in cat-sensitive individuals. The allergen provides not only a means for investigating differences in the immune response to lipocalin allergens from that found for other mammalian species but also an important reagent for the diagnosis of cat allergy.
Lebensraum (1989)

Population growth may progressively reduce 1 of the motives for making war. Namely, population growth threatens shortages of resources, and especially land. Impending shortages cause a search for ways to mitigate the shortages. The discoveries eventually produce greater availability of resources than if population growth and pressure on resources had never occurred. The argument runs as follows: 1) Rhetoric about resources scarcity induced by population density has often contributed to international conflict, even if economics has not been the main motive in making war. 2) In the pre-modern era, war to obtain land and other resources may sometimes have been an economically sound policy. 3) Politicians and others in industrially developed nations believe resources may still be a casus belli. 4) Land and other productive resources are no longer worth acquiring at the cost of war.
Protein L: a novel reagent for the detection of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) expression by flow cytometry (2012)

Our data demonstrate the feasibility of employing Protein L as a general reagent for the detection of CAR expression on transduced lymphocytes by flow cytometry.
RNA Levels of Human Retrovirus Receptors Pit1 and Pit2 Do Not Correlate with Infectibility by Three Retroviral Vector Pseudotypes (1998)

The gibbon ape leukemia virus (GaLV) and the amphotropic murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV) infect human cells via specific receptors, Pit1 and Pit2, respectively. mRNA levels of these receptors were determined by Northern analysis and for Pit2 in addition by quantitative RT-PCR. Pit1 and Pit2 were expressed in different amounts in human tissues and cell lines; Pit1-specific mRNA was generally more abundant than Pit2 mRNA. No correlation was found between Pit1 and Pit2 RNA levels and infectibility by GaLV and A-MuLV pseudotyped vectors, respectively. GaLV and A-MuLV revealed a partial reciprocal interference. MuLV-10A1 can utilize both Pit1 and Pit2 for entry into cells but could not infect any of the 14 human cell lines more efficiently than A-MuLV or GaLV. Interference assays suggested that MuLV-10A1 has a higher affinity for and infected most cells predominantly by Pit2. However, at least in one cell line it used Pit1 more efficiently for entry. We conclude that (1) Pit1 and Pit2 mRNA levels in human cells are not indicative of the infectibility by GaLV and A-MuLV pseudotypes, respectively; (2) A-MuLV can infect target cells as efficiently as can GaLV, although Pit2 RNA is less abundant than Pit1 RNA; (3) factor(s) in addition to the presence of Pit1 and Pit2 are involved in retroviral infection; and (4) MuLV-10A1 pseudotype does not infect human cells more efficiently than do A-MuLV and GaLV pseudotypes.
p38 MAP kinase inhibitors: many are made, but few are chosen. (2005)

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 is a Ser/Thr kinase, originally isolated from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes. There are four isoforms of the enzyme (p38alpha, p38beta, p38gamma and p38delta), which differ in tissue distribution, regulation of kinase activation and subsequent phosphorylation of downstream substrates. These enzymes also differ in sensitivity to p38 MAPK inhibitors. The most thoroughly studied isoform is p38alpha, for which activation has been observed in many hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cell types upon appropriate stimuli. p38alpha kinase is involved in the biosynthesis of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta at the translational and transcriptional level. MAPK p38alpha represents a point of convergence for multiple signaling processes that are activated during inflammation, making it a key potential target for the modulation of cytokine production. The discovery and publication of p38alpha and a pyridinyl-imidazole-based p38alpha inhibitor initiated a huge effort by many companies to develop p38alpha inhibitors as potential treatments for inflammatory diseases. Herein, a brief overview is provided of the discovery and development of AMG-548 (Amgen Inc), a selective and efficacious p38alpha inhibitor, and its pharmacodynamic effects in a first-in-human study. Data from a phase I multidose clinical trial are also included. In addition, other p38alpha inhibitors that have advanced to clinical trials over the last three years are discussed, such as BIRB-796 (Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc), SCIO-469 and SCIO-323 (Scios Inc), and VX-702 (Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc/Kissei Pharmaceutical Co).
Radiation Drugs—A Hot Topic (2012)

Strategy, Management and Health Policy Enabling Technology, Genomics, Proteomics Preclinical Research Preclinical Development Toxicology, Formulation Drug Delivery, Pharmacokinetics Clinical Development Phases I‐III Regulatory, Quality, Manufacturing Postmarketing Phase IV
Synthetic Polysaccharide Type 3-Related Di-, Tri-, and Tetrasaccharide–CRM 197 Conjugates Induce Protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae Type 3 in Mice (2001)

Di-, tri-, and tetrasaccharides, synthesized according to the chemical structure of pneumococcal polysaccharide type 3 (PS3), were coupled to the cross-reactive material (CRM(197)) of modified diphtheria toxin in different molar carbohydrate/protein ratios using the squarate coupling method. To study protective immunity, female BALB/c mice were subcutaneously immunized twice (with a 3-week interval) using the amount of conjugates corresponding to 2.5 microg of oligosaccharide per mouse. The conjugates evoked PS3 binding immunoglobulin G antibodies that lasted for at least 7 weeks after the booster. Immunogenicity was not influenced by the carbohydrate/protein ratio. All mice with PS3-specific antibodies survived the intraperitoneal challenge with Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3. Therefore, synthetic oligosaccharide-protein conjugates might have potential as vaccines.
A Role for CCR9 in T Lymphocyte Development and Migration (2002)

CCR9 mediates chemotaxis in response to CCL25/thymus-expressed chemokine and is selectively expressed on T cells in the thymus and small intestine. To investigate the role of CCR9 in T cell development, the CCR9 gene was disrupted by homologous recombination. B cell development, thymic alphabeta-T cell development, and thymocyte selection appeared unimpaired in adult CCR9-deficient (CCR9(-/-)) mice. However, competitive transplantation experiments revealed that bone marrow from CCR9(-/-) mice was less efficient at repopulating the thymus of lethally irradiated Rag-1(-/-) mice than bone marrow from littermate CCR9(+/+) mice. CCR9(-/-) mice had increased numbers of peripheral gammadelta-T cells but reduced numbers of gammadeltaTCR(+) and CD8alphabeta(+)alphabetaTCR(+) intraepithelial lymphocytes in the small intestine. Thus, CCR9 plays an important, although not indispensable, role in regulating the development and/or migration of both alphabeta(-) and gammadelta(-) T lymphocytes.
Side Effects of Ergotamine (1996)

Ergotamine has been used for many years in the treatment of migraine, although there is little formal clinical evidence that it is significantly more efficacious than placebo. A number of side effects associated with ergotamine have been reported in the literature, including myocardial infarction, ischaemia of limb extremities, and fibrotic changes. Long-term use has led to reported cases of ergotamine-induced headache, vascular reactivity, and subclinical ergotism. When the safety profile of this drug is considered, coupled with its debatable efficacy from a clinical review previously published, the resulting poor risk:benefit ratio brings into question the continued use of ergotamine as a migraine treatment and calls for better controlled trials of its efficacy, or lack of, in the acute treatment of migraine.
Microwave assisted hydroxyalkylamidation of poly(ethylene‐co‐acrylic acid) and formation of grafted poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) side chains (2007)

Abstract The microwave assisted amidation of poly(ethylene‐ co ‐acrylic acid) (PEAA) with 2‐(2‐aminoethoxy)ethanol was performed to yield a hydroxy functionalized poly(ethylene) based copolymer (PEAAOH) in a single step. PEAAOH was used as a polyinitiator for the ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone. The obtained graft copolymers were studied via 1 H NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Microscopy methods show a crystallization behavior of banded spherulites. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3659–3667, 2007
Inhibition of Tumor Development by Dehydroepiandrosterone and Related Steroids (1986)

The naturally occurring adrenal steroid, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), is a potent non-competitive inhibitor of mammalian glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH). Oral administration of DHEA to mice inhibits spontaneous breast cancer and chemically induced tumors of the lung and colon. Topical application of DHEA to mouse skin inhibits 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-initiated and tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-promoted papillomas and DMBA-induced carcinomas at both the initiation and promotion phase. Evidence is presented that critical steps in the initiation process (mixed-function oxidase activation of a carcinogen) and promotion process (enhanced rates of cell proliferation and superoxide formation) all require NADPH and may be inhibited by DHEA and structural analogs as a result of a lowering of the NADPH cellular pool. Results obtained by others with fibroblasts and lymphocytes from individuals with the Mediterranean variant of G6PDH deficiency also indicate that a reduction in the NADPH cellular pool confers resistance to benzo(a)pyrene. Preliminary data suggest that food restriction may depress G6PDH levels and this may contribute to the tumor preventive effect of underfeeding.