gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extracellular superoxide dismutase transgene overexpression preserves postischemic myocardial function in isolated murine hearts. (1996)

EC-SOD overexpressed mice showed significant improvement in postischemic cardiac function compared with Ctl mice. Thus, EC-SOD overexpressed hearts are less susceptible to mild degrees of ischemia-reperfusion injury than normal hearts.
Structure of lithium gallium sulfide, LiGaS2 (1990)

LiGaS 2 cristallise dans Pna2 1 avec a=6,519, b=7,872, c=6,238A, Z=4; affinement jusqu'a R=0,049. La structure est basee sur un reseau assemble tres ferme hexagonal d'atomes S avec les atomes metalliques dans des cavites tetraedriques. Elle est derivee de la structure du zincite et est liee a la structure de l'enargite. Ce compose a la meme structure que NaFeO 2 et LiGaO 2
Cloning, nucleotide sequence, and regulation of the Bacillus subtilis pbpE operon, which codes for penicillin-binding protein 4* and an apparent amino acid racemase (1993)

Penicillin-binding protein 4* (PBP 4*) was purified from Bacillus subtilis, its N-terminal sequence was determined, and the coding gene, termed pbpE, was cloned and sequenced. The predicted amino acid sequence of PBP 4* exhibited similarity to those of other penicillin-recognizing enzymes. Downstream of pbpE there was a second gene, termed orf2, which exhibited sequence similarity with aspartate racemase. The two genes were found to constitute an operon adjacent to and divergently transcribed from the sacB gene at 296 degrees on the chromosomal map. A weak beta-lactamase activity was associated with PBP 4*, but no enzymatic activity was found for the product of orf2. Mutation of pbpE, orf2, or both genes resulted in no observable effect on growth, sporulation, spore heat resistance, or spore germination. A translational pbpE-lacZ fusion was weakly expressed during vegetative growth and was significantly induced at the onset of sporulation. This induction depended on the activity of the spo0A product in relieving repression by the abrB repressor. A single transcription start site which was apparently dependent on E sigma A was detected upstream of pbpE.
A custom-built controlled-rate freezer for small sample cryopreservation studies. (2003)

A custom-built controlled-rate freezing machine is described. It operates by automatically raising and lowering the sample carrier in a static column of liquid nitrogen vapour. It is controlled by a computer-assisted thermocouple feedback system that operates a stepper motor driving the sample carrier. The cooling protocol is divided into three phases: cooling from +5 to -5 C, initiation of ice nucleation, and cooling from -5 to -80 C. Experiments are described to validate the device over a range of different cooling rates. A freezing protocol is established to cool samples in plastic straws over a range of rates up to 80 C/min, with rapid and consistent absorption of the latent heat.
The Complete Nucleotide Sequence of the Chicken Ovotransferrin mRNA (1982)

The nucleotide sequence of an almost double-stranded cDNA copy [Cochet, M., Perrin, F., Gannon, F., Krust, A., Chambon, P., McKnight, G. S., Lee, D. C., Mayo, K. E., and Palmiter, R. D. (1979) Nucleic Acids Res. 6, 2435-2452] of chicken ovotransferrin (conalbumin) mRNA has been determined. Taking into account the previously reported 5'-end sequence [Cochet, M., Gannon, F., Hen, R., Maroteaux, L., Perrin, F., and Chambon, P. (1979) Nature (Lond.) 282, 567-574] we present the complete nucleotide sequence of the ovotransferrin mRNA from which the amino acid sequence of the protein is inferred. A computer and statistical analysis of the nucleotide sequence reveals a pattern of internal homology which confirms that the present-day chicken ovotransferrin gene (and by extrapolation the transferrin genes of other species) has evolved by duplication and gives some support to the quadruplication hypothesis of transferrin evolution.
Synthesis of a Phosphonic Acid Analogue of N‐Acetyl‐2,3‐didehydro‐2‐deoxyneuraminic Acid, an Inhibitor of Vibrio cholerae Sialidase (1991)

Abstract The synthesis of the phospha analogue 10 of DANA ( 2 ) is described. Bromo‐hydroxylation of the known 11 (→ 12 and 13 ) followed by treatment of the major bromohydrin 13 with 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) gave the oxirane 14 ( Scheme 1 ). Depending on the solvent, TiBr 4 transformed 14 into 16 or into a 15 / 16 mixture. Reductive debromination of 16 (→ 17 ), followed by benzylation provided 18 . Oxidattve decarboxylation (Pb(OAc) 4 ) of the acid, obtained by saponification of 18 , yielded the anomeric acetates 19 and 20 . While 19 was inert under the conditions of phosphonoylation, the more reactive imidate 22 , obtained together with 23 from 19 / 20 via 21 ( Scheme 2 ), gave a mixture of the phosphonates 24 / 25 and the bicyclic acetal 26 . Debenzylation of 24 / 25 and acetylation led to the acetoxyphosphonates 27 / 28 . Since β‐elimination of AcOH from 27 / 28 proved difficult, the bromide 34 was prepared from 27 / 28 by photobromination and subjected to reductive elimination with Zn/Cu (→ 35 ; Scheme 3 ). This two‐step sequence was first investigated using the model compounds 30 and 31 . Transesterification of 35 , followed by deacetylation gave 10 , which is a strong inhibitor of the Vibrio Cholerae sialidase.
Anti-HER3 Domain 1 and 3 Antibodies Reduce Tumor Growth by Hindering HER2/HER3 Dimerization and AKT-Induced MDM2, XIAP, and FoxO1 Phosphorylation (2013)

Blockade of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) and of the downstream phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway is a prerequisite for overcoming drug resistance and to develop novel treatments for cancers that are not eligible for the currently approved targeted therapies. To this end, we generated specific antibodies (Abs) against domain 1 (D1) and domain 3 (D3) of HER3 that recognize epitopes that do not overlap with the neuregulin-binding site. The fully human H4B-121 Ab and the mouse monoclonal Abs 16D3-C1 and 9F7-F11 inhibited tumor growth in nude mice xenografted with epidermoid, pancreatic, or triple-negative breast cancer cells. The combination of one anti-HER3 Ab and trastuzumab improved tumor growth inhibition in mice xenografted with HER2(low) cancer cell lines, for which trastuzumab alone shows no or moderate efficiency. Ab-induced disruption of tumor growth was associated with G1 cell cycle arrest, proliferation inhibition, and apoptosis of cancer cells. Anti-HER3 Abs blocked HER2/HER3 heterodimerization and HER3 phosphorylation at the cell membrane, leading to inhibition of phosphorylation of the downstream AKT targets murine double minute 2, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis, and forkhead box O1. This study demonstrates that anti-HER3 D1 and D3 Abs could represent a new option for immunotherapy of pancreatic and triple-negative breast cancers.
Anti-CD26 Monoclonal Antibody–Mediated G1-S Arrest of Human Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma Caki-2 Is Associated with Retinoblastoma Substrate Dephosphorylation, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 Reduction, p27kip1 Enhancement, and Disruption of Binding to the Extracellular Matrix (2006)

Taken together, our data strongly suggest that anti-CD26 mAb treatment may have potential clinical use for CD26-positive renal cell carcinomas.
Phased Chest and Abdominal Compression-Decompression Versus Conventional Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (2001)

Lifestick resuscitation is feasible and safe and may be advantageous in patients with asystole or pulseless electric activity.
Modulation of potassium channels by antiarrhythmic and antihypertensive drugs. (1992)

Agents that modulate cardiac and smooth muscle K+ channels have stimulated considerable interest in recent years because of their therapeutic potential in a number of cardiovascular diseases. Foremost among these drugs are the so-called Class III antiarrhythmic agents, which act by prolonging cardiac action potentials, and K+ channel openers, which hyperpolarize and thereby relax smooth muscle cells. Many of the newly developed Class III antiarrhythmic agents probably act by specific block of one subtype of delayed rectifier K+ current, IKr, whereas other agents block more than one type of cardiac K+ current. Much controversy exists over the specific type of K+ channel (or channels) in smooth muscle that are activated by the K+ channel openers. Both groups of K+ channel modulators have great therapeutic promise, but the Class III antiarrhythmic agents may suffer from a side-effect that is directly linked to their specific mechanism of action.
Using the new DB2 : IBM's object-relational database system (1996)

must read for anyone using, planning to use, or simply curious about V2 of DB2. A beautifully written book that is bound to become the definitive reference for the system. The book covers the new features of the system in a style that is complete, yet not overwhelming. Simply a great book. -- David Dewitt, University of Wisconsin Using the New provides: A comprehensive user's guide to DB2 Version 2 for OS/2, Windows/NT, AIX, and other UNIX platforms. Hundreds of tested programming examples, and dozens of practical tips for writing applications. A road map for the merging of relational and object-oriented database technologies. DB2 Version 2 is the most significant enhancement to IBM's database product family since the introduction of IBM's original relational database products. It supports a broad array of Intel- and UNIX-based platforms, and includes many new SQL features. It defines IBM's direction for combining the advantages of relational and object-oriented database technologies in a single system. Using the New presents an overview of the basic features of DB2 Version 2, including historical notes on the development of SQL. It then offers a comprehensive explanation of the advanced features of the system, including recursive queries, constraints, triggers, user-defined types and functions, stored procedures, and client-server applications. Several complete sample applications are provided, illustrating storage and manipulation of complex objects, design of an active database, and use of stored procedures. A chapter is devoted to describing tools and procedures for database administrators. Written in an informal and accessiblestyle, Using the New is a valuable resource for DB2 application developers, end users, database designers and administrators, as well as for readers with a general interest in database systems and in the convergence of the relational and object-oriented paradigms.
Bradykinin stimulates phospholipid methylation, calcium influx, prostaglandin formation, and cAMP accumulation in human fibroblasts. (1983)

The biochemical events that lead to bradykinin stimulation of cAMP accumulation in human fibroblasts were examined. Treatment of human fibroblasts with bradykinin increases phospholipid methylation, Ca2+ influx, arachidonic acid release, prostaglandin formation, and cAMP content. The dose-response curves of bradykinin for the increase in the above changes were similar. In human fibroblasts, exogenous arachidonic acid was mainly incorporated into phosphatidylcholine, followed by phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylinositol. Bradykinin caused a release of arachidonic acid from methylated phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine) and phosphatidylinositol. 3-Deazaadenosine, a methyltransferase inhibitor, almost completely inhibited bradykinin-stimulated phospholipid methylation and Ca2+ influx and partially reduced arachidonic acid release and prostaglandin formation but had no effect on cAMP formation. Mepacrine, a phospholipase inhibitor, blocked bradykinin-induced arachidonic acid release, prostaglandin release, and cAMP accumulation. Indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, blocked the effect of bradykinin on cAMP accumulation. Prostaglandins E1 and E2, but not F2 alpha, increased accumulation of cAMP. These observations indicate that bradykinin generates cAMP via arachidonic acid release and subsequent formation of prostaglandins. Our findings suggest that arachidonic acid can arise from either phosphatidylcholine synthesized by the methylation pathway or phosphatidylinositol.
Immunoregulatory factors derived from human tumors. II. Partial purification and further immunobiochemical characterization of a human sarcoma-derived immunosuppressive factor expressing HLA-DR and immunoglobulin-related determinants. (1983)

An immunoregulatory factor (IRF) that suppresses Con A-mediated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBM) proliferative responses was partially purified by DEAE anion exchange chromatography and affinity chromatography from a 3 M KCl extract of a human liposarcoma. The factor (m.w. = 70K) co-purified with albumin, monitored by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and demonstrated a heterogeneous isoelectric point (pI 7.6-7.8). Xenoantisera produced against the DEAE-purified fraction and coupled to Affigel 10 removed suppressive activity that could subsequently be eluted by glycine-HCl, pH 3.5. An anti-albumin column partially removed activity, but the unbound 70K factor could still be detected in the column effluent. A xenoantiserum to this 70K effluent coupled to acrylamide beads completely removed the immunosuppressive activity in immunodepletion experiments. Further direct binding enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISA) and solid-phase immunoabsorption experiments with monoclonal antibodies to human anti-HLA-DR framework determinants and a constant region of the IgM mu-chain demonstrated determinants on the 70K factor recognized by these antibodies.
Trigger factor depletion or overproduction causes defective cell division but does not block protein export (1990)

Trigger factor is an abundant cytosolic protein of Escherichia coli which can stabilize proOmpA for in vitro translocation across inner membrane vesicles. The gene encoding E. coli trigger factor was isolated and sequenced, allowing construction of strains in which the expression of trigger factor is readily regulated. We found no defect in the in vivo rate of synthesis or secretion of proOmpA in trigger factor-depleted cells. The primary physiological defect in trigger factor-depleted or -overproducing cells is an enrichment of filamented cells. Filamentation of the trigger factor-overproducing strain is suppressed by a multicopy plasmid expressing the essential division gene ftsZ, suggesting that trigger factor has an important role in cell division.
High Rate Thick Film Growth (1977)

This article reviews published data on the mechanical properties of additively manufactured metallic materials. The additive manufacturing techniques utilized to generate samples covered in this review include powder bed fusion (e.g., EBM, SLM, DMLS) and ...Read More
Node cooperation in hybrid ad hoc networks (2006)

A hybrid ad hoc network is a structure-based network that is extended using multihop communications. Indeed, in this kind of network, the existence of a communication link between the mobile station and the base station is not required: A mobile station that has no direct connection with a base station can use other mobile stations as relays. Compared with conventional (single-hop) structure-based networks, this new generation can lead to a better use of the available spectrum and to a reduction of infrastructure costs. However, these benefits would vanish if the mobile nodes did not properly cooperate and forward packets for other nodes. In this paper, we propose a charging and rewarding scheme to encourage the most fundamental operation, namely packet forwarding. We use "MAC layering" to reduce the space overhead in the packets and a stream cipher encryption mechanism to provide "implicit. authentication" of the nodes involved in the communication. We analyze the robustness of our protocols against rational and malicious attacks. We show that-using our solution-collaboration is rational for selfish nodes. We also show that our protocols thwart rational attacks and detect malicious attacks.
Sulfate-reducing bacterium grows with Cr(VI), U(VI), Mn(IV), and Fe(III) as electron acceptors (1998)

A spore-forming sulfate-reducing bacterium &lt;it&gt;Desulfotomaculum reducens&lt;/it&gt; sp. nov. strain MI-1 has been isolated from heavy metal contaminated sediments. Strain MI-1 grows with Cr(VI), Mn(IV), Fe(III), and U(VI), in addition to various sulfur compounds, as electron acceptors. This organism shares physiological properties with both the sulfate-reducing and metal-reducing groups of bacteria and is the first sulfate-reducing bacterium described that can grow with metals or U(VI) as sole electron acceptors.
Growth suppression of human breast cancer cells by the introduction of a wild-type p53 gene. (1991)

Mutations in the p53 gene are associated with a wide variety of human tumors, including those of the breast. To assess functionally the role of the p53 gene in the development of human breast cancer, we introduced either wild-type or mutant p53 cDNA into three human breast cancer cell lines by DNA transfection. The cell lines MDA-MB 468 and T47 D contain only single mutated copies of the p53 gene, whereas the status of p53 in the breast cancer cell line MCF 7 remains equivocal. Following transfection, MCF 7 cells continued to grow unaffected both in vitro and in vivo in the presence of high levels of expression of the exogenous wild-type p53 gene. In contrast, however, the continued expression of an exogenous wild-type p53 gene was incompatible with cellular growth in both the MDA-MB 468 and T47 D cell lines. Elevated levels of expression of the exogenous mutant p53 gene did not alter the growth of the cell lines in vitro. These data strongly suggest that the wild-type p53 gene can function as a suppressor of cellular growth in breast cancer cells. That the wild-type p53 gene does not suppress the growth of MCF 7 cells indicates that at least some human breast tumors can arise without functional inactivation of the p53 gene by mutation. These tumors may represent a separate prognostic group.
New Channelrhodopsin with a Red-Shifted Spectrum and Rapid Kinetics from Mesostigma viride (2011)

Light control of motility behavior (phototaxis and photophobic responses) in green flagellate algae is mediated by sensory rhodopsins homologous to phototaxis receptors and light-driven ion transporters in prokaryotic organisms. In the phototaxis process, excitation of the algal sensory rhodopsins leads to generation of transmembrane photoreceptor currents. When expressed in animal cells, the algal phototaxis receptors function as light-gated cation channels, which has earned them the name "channelrhodopsins." Channelrhodopsins have become useful molecular tools for light control of cellular activity. Only four channelrhodopsins, identified in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Volvox carteri, have been reported so far. By screening light-induced currents among algal species, we identified that the phylogenetically distant flagellate Mesostigma viride showed photoelectrical responses in vivo with properties suggesting a channelrhodopsin especially promising for optogenetic use. We cloned an M. viride channelrhodopsin, MChR1, and studied its channel activity upon heterologous expression. Action spectra in HEK293 cells match those of the photocurrents observed in M. viride cells. Comparison of the more divergent MChR1 sequence to the previously studied phylogenetically clustered homologs and study of several MChR1 mutants refine our understanding of the sequence determinants of channelrhodopsin function. We found that MChR1 has the most red-shifted and pH-independent spectral sensitivity so far reported, matches or surpasses known channelrhodopsins' channel kinetics features, and undergoes minimal inactivation upon sustained illumination. This combination of properties makes MChR1 a promising candidate for optogenetic applications.
The TNF-&#945; System: Functional Aspects in Depression, Narcolepsy and Psychopharmacology (2008)

Changes of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) system have been shown to be involved in the development of psychiatric disorders and are additionally associated with changes in body weight as well as endocrine and metabolic changes in psychiatric patients. TNF-alpha might, for example, contribute to the pathogenesis of depression by an activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, an activation of neuronal serotonin transporters and the stimulation of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase which leads to tryptophan depletion. On the other hand, during an acute depressive episode, an elevated HPA axis activity may suppress TNF-alpha system activity, while after remission, when HPA axis activity has normalized the suppression of the TNF-alpha system has been shown not to be apparent any more.In narcoleptic patients, soluble TNF receptor (sTNF-R) p75 plasma levels have been shown to be elevated, suggesting a functional role of the TNF-alpha system in the development of this disorder.Additionally, psychotropic drugs influence the TNF-alpha system as well as the secretion and the effect of hormones which counteract or interact with the TNF-alpha system such as the intestinal hormone ghrelin. However, only preliminary studies with restricted sample sizes exist on these issues, and many open questions remain.
Human intestinal cell lines as in vitro tools for electrolyte transport studies with relevance to secretory diarrhoea. (1990)

Intestinal cells from human colorectal adenocarcinomas have been established in culture as monolayers of homogeneous polarised cells on permeable filters with various degrees of cell differentiation. These cell lines allow to avoid some of the difficulties of studying water and electrolyte transport through whole intestinal tissue or isolated intestinal cells. Cell lines, such as Caco-2, T-84, HT-29, HRT-18 which exhibit electrogenic chloride secretion induced by various hormones, neurotransmitters, enterotoxins, and other chemical compounds, can be used to study basic biochemical mechanism and their interrelation in the process of chloride secretion which is associated with many diarrhoeal diseases. Identification and use of cell lines having absorptive properties will equally contribute to the understanding of absorptive processes, their regulation and biochemical basis. Cell lines in which both secretory and absorptive processes coexist are valuable for understanding the complex interrelation of the two principal processes of transport mechanism including its biochemical and molecular correlates. Intestinal cell lines can also be used for screening efficacies of potential secretagogues and antisecretagogues.
Combining Facile Synthetic Methods with Greener Processing for Efficient Polymer‐Perylene Diimide Based Organic Solar Cells (2018)

Abstract Through ease of scalability and facile synthetic methods, eight N‐annulated perylene diimide dimers with different aliphatic chains are synthesized and evaluated as non‐fullerene acceptors in organic solar cells (OSCs). Optical absorption and emission spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry are used to characterize the materials. Variation of the length and topology of the aliphatic chains attached at the pyrrolic N ‐position is shown to have minimal effect on properties in solution. As films, the use of a branched aliphatic chains results in the dimer exhibiting a low energy shoulder in the absorption spectrum and a narrower emission band. OSCs are fabricated and tested in air, at room temperature, using an inverted architecture. The polymer PTB7‐Th is used as the donor and all active layers are processed from 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran. OSC power conversion efficiencies are shown to vary from 3.7%–5.4% for OSCs. The dimer with 2‐ethylhexyl aliphatic chains is selected for optimization because of a high organic solvent solubility and excellent film formation properties. Use of the solvent additive 1,8‐diiodooctane during film formation lead to an increase in efficiency to 6.6%, while halogen‐free processed OSCs reach 6%. This result offers a simple method for materials side‐chain engineering for the development of OSCs processed in air from eco friendly solvents.