gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Irradiation-Induced Crosslinking of Collagen (1964)

The development of insolubility in proteins exposed to ionizing radiation has been widely studied as a measure of molecular aggregation, although the extent and nature of the bonding involved is still a matter of speculation (1). In general, such studies have been concerned with soluble proteins, either in solution or in the dry state, very little information having been published in the literature regarding the effects on insoluble fibrous proteins. Our attention has been directed toward the irradiation-induced changes in collagen, the fibrous protein of connective tissue in animals. The orientated, almost crystalline structure of collagen offers the opportunity of studying the effects of irradiation on the disorganization of the secondary structure in addition to the changes in chemical composition. The effects of irradiation on the solubility of collagen, as reported in the literature, appear to be rather variable. Although no detailed investigations were carried out, Perron and Wright (2) and later Cassel (3) reported an increase in the solubility of kangaroo tail tendon. More recently, Bowes and Moss (4), in a study of the chemical effects of high doses of radiation (50 Mrads) on ox-hide collagen, showed that the conditions of irradiation were important; only a slight increase in solubility occurred during irradiation in the presence of water, compared to almost complete solubilization on irradiation in the dry state. In view of the similar extent of the chemical damage under both conditions, it was suggested that new interchain bonds were formed during irradiation in the wet state. A brief report by Kuntz and White (5) stated, however, that crosslinking predominated over protein chain scission during irradiation of dispersed collagen films in the wet state, which suggests that a decrease in solubility must have occurred. Reported here is a more detailed study of the effect of ionizing radiation on the
Blood concentrations of alemtuzumab and antiglobulin responses in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia following intravenous or subcutaneous routes of administration (2004)

Alemtuzumab is a humanized anti-CD52 antibody licensed for refractory B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), when given intravenously at 30 mg thrice weekly. However, the intravenous route is associated with infusion-related reactions and is inconvenient. We measured blood concentrations in 30 relapsed patients treated with intravenous alemtuzumab and in 20 patients from a previously untreated group who received similar doses subcutaneously. Highest trough samples in the intravenous group were less than 0.5 microg/mL to 18.3 microg/mL (mean 5.4 microg/mL). The cumulative dose required to reach 1.0 microg/mL was 13 mg to 316 mg (mean 90 mg). Higher blood concentrations correlated with the achievement of better clinical responses and minimal residual disease. The highest measured concentrations in the subcutaneous group were similar (0.6 microg/mL to 24.8 microg/mL, mean 5.4 microg/mL). However, the cumulative dose to reach 1.0 microg/mL was higher: 146 mg to 1106 mg (mean 551 mg). No antiglobulin responses were detected in 30 patients given intravenous alemtuzumab whereas 2 of 32 patients given subcutaneous alemtuzumab made substantial anti-idiotype responses. Thus, subcutaneous alemtuzumab achieved concentrations similar to those for intravenous alemtuzumab, although with slightly higher cumulative doses. Subcutaneous alemtuzumab is more convenient and better tolerated but may be associated with some patients forming anti-alemtuzumab antibodies, particularly those patients who were previously untreated.
Streptomyces koyangensis sp. nov., a novel actinomycete that produces 4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid (2005)

A 4-phenyl-3-butenoic acid-producing actinomycete, designated strain VK-A60T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from Koyang, Korea. Morphological and chemical characteristics of the strain were consistent with those of the genus Streptomyces. The cell wall of the strain contains LL-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant fatty acids are anteiso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) and C(16 : 0). The strain formed a distinct monophyletic line within the 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogenetic tree. Analyses of its morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, together with random amplified polymorphic DNA and DNA-DNA relatedness data, confirmed that strain VK-A60T represents a novel Streptomyces taxon that is distinguishable from closely related reference strains. Strain VK-A60T (=KCCM 10555T=NBRC 100598T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species, for which the name Streptomyces koyangensis sp. nov. is proposed.
Regulation of HSP70 synthesis by messenger RNA degradation. (1989)

When Drosophila cells are heat shocked, hsp70 messenger RNA (mRNA) is stable and is translated at high efficiencies. During recovery from heat shock, hsp70 synthesis is repressed and its messenger RNA (mRNA) is degraded in a highly regulated fashion. Dramatic differences in the timing of repression and degradation are observed after heat treatments of different severities. The 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the hsp70 mRNA was sufficient to transfer this regulated degradation to heterologous mRNAs. Altering the translational efficiency of the message or changing its natural translation-termination site did not alter its pattern of regulation, although in some cases it changed the absolute rate of degradation. We have previously shown that hsp70 mRNA is very unstable when it is expressed at normal growth temperatures (from a metallothionein promoter). We report here that the 3' untranslated region of the hsp70 mRNA is responsible for this instability as well. We postulate that a mechanism for degrading hsp70 mRNA pre-exists in Drosophila cells, that it is inactivated by heat shock and that it is the reactivation of this mechanism that is responsible for hsp70 repression during recovery. This degradation system may be the same as that used by other unstable mRNAs.
Subdominant CD8+T-Cell Responses Are Involved in Durable Control of AIDS Virus Replication (2007)

"Elite controllers" are individuals that durably control human immunodeficiency virus or simian immunodeficiency virus replication without therapeutic intervention. The study of these rare individuals may facilitate the definition of a successful immune response to immunodeficiency viruses. Here we describe six Indian-origin rhesus macaques that have controlled replication of the pathogenic virus SIVmac239 for 1 to 5 years. To determine which lymphocyte populations were responsible for this control, we transiently depleted the animals' CD8+ cells in vivo. This treatment resulted in 100- to 10,000-fold increases in viremia. When the CD8+ cells returned, control was reestablished and the levels of small subsets of previously subdominant CD8+ T cells expanded up to 2,500-fold above pre-depletion levels. This wave of CD8+ T cells was accompanied by robust Gag-specific CD4 responses. In contrast, CD8+ NK cell frequencies changed no more than threefold. Together, our data suggest that CD8+ T cells targeting a small number of epitopes, along with broad CD4+ T-cell responses, can successfully control the replication of the AIDS virus. It is likely that subdominant CD8+ T-cell populations play a key role in maintaining this control.
Protoporphyrinogen oxidase and porphobilinogen deaminase in variegate porphyria (1986)

Two enzymes of the haem biosynthetic pathway were investigated in patients with variegate porphyria. Protoporphyrinogen oxidase in cultures of Epstein-Barr virus transformed lymphoblasts from twenty-seven patients showed a mean maximal velocity (Vmax) of 0.39 +/- 0.08+ nmol of protoporphyrin mg protein-1 h-1, a 52% reduction (P less than 0.001) from a non-porphyric control group (0.82 +/- 0.10). Km values (1.00 +/- 0.27 microM) did not differ significantly (P greater than 0.05) from control values in any of the patients. The mean Vmax of porphobilinogen deaminase in the cultures was 1.50 +/- 0.18 nmol of uroporphyrin mg protein-1 min-1, a 24% reduction (P less than 0.001) from controls (1.94 +/- 0.14). Mean porphobilinogen deaminase activity in the erythrocytes of twenty-one patients with variegate porphyria was 8.37 +/- 1.99 nmol of uroporphyrin 1 erythrocytes-1 s-1, a 28% reduction (P less than 0.001) from normal (11.98 +/- 2.11). The reduced activities of these two enzymes comply with the expression of variegate porphyria during its quiescent and acute phases.
Synthesis of poly(1-aminonaphthalene) and poly(1-aminoanthracene) by chemical oxidative polymerization and characterization of the polymers (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of poly(1-aminonaphthalene) and poly(1-aminoanthracene) by chemical oxidative polymerization and characterization of the polymersDoo Kyung Moon, Kohtaro Osakada, Tsukasa Maruyama, Kenji Kubota, and Takakazu YamamotoCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 25, 6992–6997Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00077a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00077a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views468Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Complete Idiot's Guide to Knowledge Management (2001)

Successfully implement and utilize knowledge management in any size company group-large or small. Book covers both the explanation of the subject and the process, but also practical steps for understanding and implementing knowledge management in any size company or group. Author is a well-respected expert with one of the top companies in the world known for their knowledge management program. Lots of special sales, international, customized, corporate and government opportunities for this title.
Spontaneous Formation of L-Isoaspartate and Gain of Function in Fibronectin (2006)

Isoaspartate formation in extracellular matrix proteins, by aspartate isomerization or asparagine deamidation, is generally viewed as a degradation reaction occurring in vivo during tissue aging. For instance, non-enzymatic isoaspartate formation at RGD-integrin binding sites causes loss of cell adhesion sites, which in turn can be enzymatically "repaired" to RGD by protein-l-isoAsp-O-methyltransferase. We show here that isoaspartate formation is also a mechanism for extracellular matrix activation. In particular, we show that deamidation of Asn263 at the Asn-Gly-Arg (NGR) site in fibronectin N-terminal region generates an alpha(v)beta3-integrin binding site containing the L-isoDGR sequence, which is enzymatically "deactivated" to DGR by protein-L-isoAsp-O-methyltransferase. Furthermore, rapid NGR-to-isoDGR sequence transition in fibronectin fragments generates alpha(v)beta3 antagonists (named "isonectins") that competitively bind RGD binding sites and inhibit endothelial cell adhesion, proliferation, and tumor growth. Time-dependent generation of isoDGR may represent a sort of molecular clock for activating latent integrin binding sites in proteins.
Chemiluminescent and Chemiluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (CRET) Detection of DNA, Metal Ions, and Aptamer–Substrate Complexes Using Hemin/G-Quadruplexes and CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots (2011)

Nucleic acid subunits consisting of fragments of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-mimicking DNAzyme and aptamer domains against ATP or sequences recognizing Hg(2+) ions self-assemble, in the presence of ATP or Hg(2+), into the active hemin-G-quadruplex DNAzyme structure. The DNAzyme-generated chemiluminescence provides the optical readout for the sensing events. In addition, the DNAzyme-stimulated chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) to CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) is implemented to develop aptamer or DNA sensing platforms. The self-assembly of the ATP-aptamer subunits/hemin-G-quadruplex DNAzyme, where one of the aptamer subunits is functionalized with CdSe/ZnS QDs, leads to the CRET signal. Also, the functionalization of QDs with a hairpin nucleic acid that includes the G-quadruplex sequence in a ''caged'' configuration is used to analyze DNA. The opening of the hairpin structure by the target DNA assembles the hemin-G-quadruplex DNAzyme that stimulates the CRET signal. By the application of three different sized QDs functionalized with different hairpins, the multiplexed analysis of three different DNA targets is demonstrated by the generation of three different CRET luminescence signals.
Incoherent Electro-Optic Image Correlator (1984)

A real-time optical image correlator is described. An acousto-optic device and an array of light-emitting diodes are the electronic-to-optical transducers for the input and reference images, respectively, in this architecture. The two-dimensional correlation is formed by temporal integration on a two-dimensional CCD detector.
Increased expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, platelet-derived growth factor-B and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor mRNA in cells of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from patients with sarcoidosis. (1996)

Cytokines released from activated alveolar macrophages and T-lymphocytes affect the accumulation of monocyte-macrophage-lineage cells and therefore play an important role in the formation of sarcoid granuloma. Although it is likely that certain monokines and lymphokines are involved in the development of sarcoid granulomas, the evidence for this is not unequivocal. In an attempt to clear critical cytokines in the development and maintenance of sarcoid granuloma, we have measured the level of seven cytokine mRNA (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8, TGF-beta, PDGF-B, IFN-gamma, and GM-CSF) in cells obtained by BAL from sarcoidosis patients and normal subjects. To detect cytokine mRNA, we employed a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. We report that the levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, PDGF-B and GM-CSF mRNA were significantly increased in BAL cells from the patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis compared to controls. No significant differences were observed in the mRNA expression of IL-8, TGF-beta and IFN-gamma. A significant correlation of the expression of the mRNA levels of seven cytokines in the same patients with sarcoidosis was observed between IL-8 and TNF-alpha, PDGF-B, and IL-6, IL-8 and IL-6 and TFN-alpha and PDGF-B and IL-8. This finding indicates that at least these four cytokines are involved in the cytokine network at the local alveolar site of chronic granulomatous inflammation. This study adds a report to the literature that supports a role for cytokine, TNF-alpha, IL-6, PDGF and GM-CSF in particular, in the promotion and maintenance of sarcoid granulomatous inflammation.
Models and languages for digital rights (2005)

Digital rights management (DRM) devices provide persistent protection, which is the means to control the rendering of digital content to users. This enables new kinds of agreements between the parties involved in trading intangible goods, such as digital music. In this paper, we propose a language and a model that is capable of expressing a range of licenses of the kind that DRM systems may be expected to support.
An abundant ubiquitous glycoprotein (GP100) in nucleated mammalian cells (1985)

Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis with the 125 I‐Con A overlay and affinity purification with Con A‐agarose revealed the presence of an abundant ubiquitous 100‐kDa glycoprotein (GP 100 ) in nucleated mammalin cells. The amount in cultured human and murine cells varies from 3 to 20 × 10 6 molecules per cell making GP 100 the most abundant glycoprotein in nucleated cells. Peptide mapping shows that it is different from erythrocyte Band III protein. Several properties of GP 100 suggest that it could play a structural role in nucleated cell membranes.
Coexpression in yeast of Taxus cytochrome P450 reductase with cytochrome P450 oxygenases involved in Taxol biosynthesis (2005)

To maximize redox coupling efficiency with recombinant cytochrome P450 hydroxylases from yew (Taxus) species installed in yeast for the production of the anticancer drug Taxol, a cDNA encoding NADPH:cytochrome P450 reductase from T. cuspidata was isolated. This single-copy gene (2,154 bp encoding a protein of 717 amino acids) resembles more closely other reductases from gymnosperms (approximately 90% similarity) than those from angiosperms (<80% similarity). The recombinant reductase was characterized and compared to other reductases by heterologous expression in insect cells and was shown to support reconstituted taxoid 10beta-hydroxylase activity with an efficiency comparable to that of other plant-derived reductases. Coexpression in yeast of the reductase along with T. cuspidata taxoid 10beta-hydroxylase, which catalyzes an early step of taxoid biosynthesis, demonstrated significant enhancement of hydroxylase activity compared to that supported by the endogenous yeast reductase alone. Functional transgenic coupling of the Taxus reductase with a homologous cytochrome P450 taxoid hydroxylase represents an important initial step in reconstructing Taxol biosynthesis in a microbial host.
Inpainting-Based Virtual Try-on Network for Selective Garment Transfer (2019)

Image-based garment transfer systems aim to swap the desired clothes from a model to arbitrary users. However, existing works cannot provide the capacity for users to try on various fashion articles according to their wishes, i.e., users can decide which article (e.g., tops, pants or both) to be swapped. In this paper, we propose an Inpainting-based Virtual Try-On Network (I-VTON) which allows the user to try on arbitrary clothes from the model image in a selective manner. To realize the selectivity, we reshape the virtual try-on as a task of image inpainting. Firstly, the texture from the garment and the user are extracted respectively to form a coarse result. In this phase, users can decide which clothes they hope to try on via an interactive texture control mechanism. Secondly, the missing regions in the coarse result are recovered via a Texture Inpainting Network (TIN). We introduce a triplet training strategy to ensure the naturalness of the final result. Qualitative and quantitative experimental results demonstrate that I-VTON outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on both the garment details and the user identity. It is also confirmed our approach can flexibly transfer the clothes in a selective manner.
Versatile strategy for controlling the specificity and activity of engineered T cells (2016)

The adoptive transfer of autologous T cells engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) has emerged as a promising cancer therapy. Despite impressive clinical efficacy, the general application of current CAR-T--cell therapy is limited by serious treatment-related toxicities. One approach to improve the safety of CAR-T cells involves making their activation and proliferation dependent upon adaptor molecules that mediate formation of the immunological synapse between the target cancer cell and T-cell. Here, we describe the design and synthesis of structurally defined semisynthetic adaptors we refer to as "switch" molecules, in which anti-CD19 and anti-CD22 antibody fragments are site-specifically modified with FITC using genetically encoded noncanonical amino acids. This approach allows the precise control over the geometry and stoichiometry of complex formation between CD19- or CD22-expressing cancer cells and a "universal" anti-FITC-directed CAR-T cell. Optimization of this CAR-switch combination results in potent, dose-dependent in vivo antitumor activity in xenograft models. The advantage of being able to titrate CAR-T-cell in vivo activity was further evidenced by reduced in vivo toxicity and the elimination of persistent B-cell aplasia in immune-competent mice. The ability to control CAR-T cell and cancer cell interactions using intermediate switch molecules may expand the scope of engineered T-cell therapy to solid tumors, as well as indications beyond cancer therapy.
In Vivo Canine Muscle Function Assay (2020)

We describe a minimally-invasive and reproducible method to measure canine pelvic limb muscle strength and muscle response to repeated eccentric contractions. The pelvic limb of an anesthetized dog is immobilized in a stereotactic frame to align the tibia at a right angle to the femur. Adhesive wrap affixes the paw to a pedal mounted on the shaft of a servomotor to measure torque. Percutaneous nerve stimulation activates pelvic limb muscles of the paw to either push (extend) or pull (flex) against the pedal to generate isometric torque. Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation activates tibiotarsal extensor muscles. Repeated eccentric (lengthening) contractions are induced in the tibiotarsal flexor muscles by percutaneous peroneal nerve stimulation. The eccentric protocol consists of an initial isometric contraction followed by a forced stretch imposed by the servomotor. The rotation effectively lengthens the muscle while it contracts, e.g., an eccentric contraction. During stimulation flexor muscles are subjected to an 800 msec isometric and 200 msec eccentric contraction. This procedure is repeated every 5 sec. To avoid fatigue, 4 min rest follows every 10 contractions with a total of 30 contractions performed.
Asymmetric Synthesis of the Enantiomers of 2-Aminomethyl-4-(4-fluorobenzyl)morpholine, an Intermediate of Mosapride, a Gastroprokinetic Agent (1994)

m-An efficient asymmetric synthesis of the enantiomers of 2aminomethyl-4-(4-fluorobr.nzyl)morpholine (3) w h ~c h has served as an intermediate of mosapride (11, a potential gastroprokinetic agent, was achieved by the conversion of enantiomeric 3-chloro-I-(4-fluorobenzylamino)-2-propanol ( 8 ) to the oxomorpholine (10) followed by reduct~on and amination, in approximately 35% overall yield with 928% ee.This synthetic route comprises the regioselective opening of homochiral epichlorohydrin ( 4 ) with 4fluorobenzylamine, with retention of the configuration.Mosapride [(f)-4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxy-N-[[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)-?-morpholinyl]methylJbenzamide, 11' is a potential gastroprokinetic agent without the dopamine D2 receptor antagonistic activ~ty and presently under clinical studies.In order to &am an ~nsight into the pharmacological propertles of mosapride (1). the synthesis of its enantiomers [(S)-(-)-1 and (R)-(+)-1] and their biological evaluation appeared essential.We previously reported the synthesis of (R)-(+)-1 and (S)-(-)-1, involving the resolution of the salt of (~)-4-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-@-toluenesulfonyloxymethyl)morpholine (2) with (+)or (-)-N-@-toluenesulfonyl)glutamic acid, followed by the amination of the optically active morpholine (2) and the subsequent condensation of {he resultant 2-aminomethyl-4-(4-fluorobenzyl)morpholine (3)