gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dissecting the multicellular ecosystem of metastatic melanoma by single-cell RNA-seq (2016)

To explore the distinct genotypic and phenotypic states of melanoma tumors, we applied single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to 4645 single cells isolated from 19 patients, profiling malignant, immune, stromal, and endothelial cells. Malignant cells within the same tumor displayed transcriptional heterogeneity associated with the cell cycle, spatial context, and a drug-resistance program. In particular, all tumors harbored malignant cells from two distinct transcriptional cell states, such that tumors characterized by high levels of the MITF transcription factor also contained cells with low MITF and elevated levels of the AXL kinase. Single-cell analyses suggested distinct tumor microenvironmental patterns, including cell-to-cell interactions. Analysis of tumor-infiltrating T cells revealed exhaustion programs, their connection to T cell activation and clonal expansion, and their variability across patients. Overall, we begin to unravel the cellular ecosystem of tumors and how single-cell genomics offers insights with implications for both targeted and immune therapies.
Spatial and temporal codes mediate the tactile perception of natural textures (2013)

When we run our fingers over the surface of an object, we acquire information about its microgeometry and material properties. Texture information is widely believed to be conveyed in spatial patterns of activation evoked across one of three populations of cutaneous mechanoreceptive afferents that innervate the fingertips. Here, we record the responses evoked in individual cutaneous afferents in Rhesus macaques as we scan a diverse set of natural textures across their fingertips using a custom-made rotating drum stimulator. We show that a spatial mechanism can only account for the processing of coarse textures. Information about most natural textures, however, is conveyed through precise temporal spiking patterns in afferent responses, driven by high-frequency skin vibrations elicited during scanning. Furthermore, these texture-specific spiking patterns predictably dilate or contract in time with changes in scanning speed; the systematic effect of speed on neuronal activity suggests that it can be reversed to achieve perceptual constancy across speeds. The proposed temporal coding mechanism involves converting the fine spatial structure of the surface into a temporal spiking pattern, shaped in part by the mechanical properties of the skin, and ascribes an additional function to vibration-sensitive mechanoreceptive afferents. This temporal mechanism complements the spatial one and greatly extends the range of tangible textures. We show that a combination of spatial and temporal mechanisms, mediated by all three populations of afferents, accounts for perceptual judgments of texture.
An angiogenin-binding protein from endothelial cells. (1991)

A 42-kDa bovine protein that binds bovine angiogenin [angiogenin binding protein (AngBP)] has been identified as a dissociable cell-surface component of calf pulmonary artery endothelial cells and a transformed bovine endothelial cell line, GM7373. Binding of 125I-labeled bovine angiogenin (125I-Ang) to AngBP occurs with an apparent Kd approximately 5 x 10(-10) M and is specific, saturable, and inhibited by excess unlabeled angiogenin. 125I-Ang can be crosslinked efficiently to AngBP by a water-soluble carbodiimide, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbo-diimide. Bovine ribonuclease A competes with the binding of 125I-Ang to AngBP, but lysozyme does not. Direct binding to AngBP of 125I-labeled bovine ribonuclease A is, however, much weaker than that of 125I-Ang. Two enzymatically active derivatives of angiogenin cleaved at residues 60-61 and 67-68, respectively, fail to induce angiogenesis and also bind to AngBP only weakly. AngBP has been isolated by treatment of cells with heparan sulfate, affinity chromatography on angiogenin-Sepharose of the material dissociated from the cell surface, and gel filtration HPLC. The results suggest that AngBP has the characteristics of a receptor that may likely function in angiogenesis.
Untersuchungen zur Reaktivität von Alkylgruppen heterocyclischer Verbindungen und ihrer funktionellen Derivate III. Kondensation Von Methylpyridinen Mit Benzaldehyd (1958)

Abstract Zur Bestimmung der Kondensationsfähigkeit der drei Methylpyridine, ihrer Methojodide und ihrer N ‐Oxyde mit Benzaldehyd wurden die Ausbeuten an Styrylverbindungen nach verschiedenen Reaktionszeiten bestimmt. Immer reagieren die 4‐ständigen Methylgruppen schneller als die 2‐ständigen. — Aus 3‐Methylpyridin, seinem Methojodid oder seinem N ‐Oxyd entsteht kein Styrylpyridin. Erst nach Einführung einer Nitrogruppe in die 4‐Stellung des 3‐Methylpyridin‐ N ‐oxyds tritt Kondensation mit Benzaldehyd ein. — Die Versuchsergebnisse erlauben eine Diskussion der besonderen Reaktionsverhältnisse bei Methylpyridinen.
Sulfotyrosine Recognition as Marker for Druggable Sites in the Extracellular Space (2011)

Chemokine signaling is a well-known agent of autoimmune disease, HIV infection, and cancer. Drug discovery efforts for these signaling molecules have focused on developing inhibitors targeting their associated G protein-coupled receptors. Recently, we used a structure-based approach directed at the sulfotyrosine-binding pocket of the chemokine CXCL12, and thereby demonstrated that small molecule inhibitors acting upon the chemokine ligand form an alternative therapeutic avenue. Although the 50 members of the chemokine family share varying degrees of sequence homology (some as little as 20%), all members retain the canonical chemokine fold. Here we show that an equivalent sulfotyrosine-binding pocket appears to be conserved across the chemokine superfamily. We monitored sulfotyrosine binding to four representative chemokines by NMR. The results suggest that most chemokines harbor a sulfotyrosine recognition site analogous to the cleft on CXCL12 that binds sulfotyrosine 21 of the receptor CXCR4. Rational drug discovery efforts targeting these sites may be useful in the development of specific as well as broad-spectrum chemokine inhibitors.
N‐Acyl 6,7‐Dimethoxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline: The First Orexin‐2 Receptor Selective Non‐Peptide Antagonist. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Polo-Like Kinase 1 is a Therapeutic Target in High-Risk Neuroblastoma (2010)

Elevated PLK1 expression is significantly associated with high-risk neuroblastoma and unfavorable patient outcome. Inhibition of PLK1 using BI 2536 exhibits strong antitumor activity on human neuroblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo, opening encouraging new perspectives for the treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma.
Human BMP sequences can confer normal dorsal-ventral patterning in the Drosophila embryo. (1993)

The type beta transforming growth factor family is composed of a series of processed, secreted growth factors, several of which have been implicated in important regulatory roles in cell determination, inductive interactions, and tissue differentiation. Among these factors, the sequence of the DPP protein from Drosophila is most similar to two of the vertebrate bone morphogenetic proteins, BMP2 and BMP4. Here we report that the human BMP4 ligand sequences can function in lieu of DPP in Drosophila embryos. We introduced the ligand region from human BMP4 into a genomic fragment of the dpp gene in place of the Drosophila ligand sequences and recovered transgenic flies by P-element transformation. We find that this chimeric dpp-BMP4 transgene can completely rescue the embryonic dorsal-ventral patterning defect of null dpp mutant genotypes. We infer that the chimeric DPP-BMP4 protein can be processed properly and, by analogy with the action of other family members, can activate the endogenous DPP receptor to carry out the events necessary for dorsal-ventral patterning. Our evidence suggests that the DPP-BMP4 signal transduction pathway has been functionally conserved for at least 600 million years.
Free radical ring-opening polymerization of 4,7-dimethyl-2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane and 5,6-benzo-2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFree radical ring-opening polymerization of 4,7-dimethyl-2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane and 5,6-benzo-2-methylene-1,3-dioxepaneWilliam J. Bailey, Zhende Ni, and Shang Ren WuCite this: Macromolecules 1982, 15, 3, 711–714Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1982https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00231a006RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1070Altmetric-Citations120LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (469 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Channel estimation for space-time orthogonal block codes (2002)

Space-time coding is an efficient technique to exploit transmitting and receiving diversities for wireless channels. One of the key components in the design of receivers for space-time codes is channel estimation. For the block codes based on orthogonal design proposed by Alamouti and Tarokh (see IEEE Trans. on Information Theory, vol45, no.5, p.1456-67, 1999), a new class of pilot assisted channel estimation schemes are presented where pilot symbols are superimposed on the data symbols. Placement strategies are examined for their efficiency in channel estimation and data transmission.
Transferring naive bayes classifiers for text classification (2007)

A basic assumption in traditional machine learning is that the training and test data distributions should be identical. This assumption may not hold in many situations in practice, but we may be forced to rely on a different-distribution data to learn a prediction model. For example, this may be the case when it is expensive to label the data in a domain of interest, although in a related but different domain there may be plenty of labeled data available. In this paper, we propose a novel transfer-learning algorithm for text classification based on an EM-based Naive Bayes classifiers. Our solution is to first estimate the initial probabilities under a distribution Dℓ of one labeled data set, and then use an EM algorithm to revise the model for a different distribution Du of the test data which are unlabeled. We show that our algorithm is very effective in several different pairs of domains, where the distances between the different distributions are measured using the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence. Moreover, KL-divergence is used to decide the trade-off parameters in our algorithm. In the experiment, our algorithm outperforms the traditional supervised and semi-supervised learning algorithms when the distributions of the training and test sets are increasingly different.
[Diastolic heart failure in patients with aortic valve disease]. (2006)

From March 2002 to August 2005, 53 patients with age between 30 and 86 underwent surgical treatment for aortic valve disease. Preoperative diastolic heart failure was observed in 15 cases (28.3%). Operative procedures consisted of aortic valve replacement (AVR) in 42 cases [AVR and mitral valve replacement (MVR) in 3], aortic valve plasty (AVP) in 2, and aortic root replacement in 4. Concomitant procedures included maze procedure in 2 cases, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in 6, mitral valve surgery in 15, and tricuspid valve annuloplasty (TAP) in 8. There were 7 cases for patient-prosthesis mismatch (PPM) [13.2%]. There were 2 hospital deaths (both were low-output syndrome). Among the surgical survivors, there were 2 late cardiac-related complications (all cases were cardiac failure). There was no recurrence or re-operation. Although all cases had severe diastolic failure, their systolic function was almost normal. Our study suggested that in patients with aortic valve disease, not PPM but diastolic heart failure correlated strongly with postoperative event and survival.
Spectra of spontaneous and mutagen-induced mutations in the lacI gene in transgenic mice. (1991)

Transgenic mice with a lambda shuttle vector containing a lacI target gene were generated for use as a short-term, in vivo mutagenesis assay. The gene is recovered from the treated mice by exposing mouse genomic DNA to in vitro packaging extracts and plating the rescued phage on agar plates containing 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-D-galactopyranoside (X-Gal). Phage with mutations in the lacI gene form blue plaques, whereas phage with a nonmutated lacI form colorless plaques. Spontaneous background mutant rates using this system range from 0.6 x 10(-5) to 1.7 x 10(-5), depending upon tissue analyzed, with germ cells exhibiting less than one-third the background rate of somatic tissue. Treatment of the mice with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (EtNU), benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), or cyclophosphamide caused an induction of mutations over background. Recovery of the lacI target for sequence analysis was performed by genetic excision of a plasmid from the phage using partial filamentous phage origins. The predominant mutations identified from untreated and treated populations were base substitutions. Although it has been shown by others that 70% of all spontaneous mutations within the lacI gene, when replicated in Escherichia coli, occur at a hot spot located at bases 620-632, only 1 of 21 spontaneous mutations has been identified in this region in the transgenic mouse system. In addition, 5 of 9 spontaneous transitions analyzed occur at CpG dinucleotides, whereas no transition mutations were identified at the prokaryotic deamination hot spots occurring at dcm sites (CCA/TGG) within the lacI gene. For EtNU, approximately equal amounts of transitions and transversions were observed, contrasting with B[a]P-induced mutations, in which only transversions were obtained. In addition, B[a]P mutagenesis showed a predominance of mutations (81%) involving cytosines and/or guanines, consistent with its known mode of action. The discovery of a spontaneous mutation spectrum different from that of bacterial assays, coupled with the concordance of EtNU and B[a]P base mutations with the known mechanisms of activity for these mutagens, suggests that this transgenic system will be useful as a short-term, in vivo system for mutagen assessment and analysis of mechanisms leading to mutations.
Acoustically modulated electrical impedance tomography (1990)

The feasibility of a new diagnostic imaging technique is investigated that potentially might be used for breast cancer screening with millimeter resolution, but without using ionizing radiation. It is suggested that acoustic pulses of sufficient intensity may produce small density changes within tissue which result in small but detectable changes in electrical current flowing through the tissue. The magnitude of this current fluctuation is shown to be inversely proportional to the conductivity of the tissue within the region occupied by the pulse. Measurement of the current modulation may enable small resistive inhomogeneities, such as tumors, to be detected. If the position of a pulse's wavefront can be predicted with sufficient precision at any given instant, measurement of the current modulation could be used to reconstruct the unknown electrical impedance distribution within the tissue. The rudiments of the technique are discussed and, using some simplifying assumptions, a rough estimate is made of the magnitude of the current modulation, and of the timescale necessary to obtain useful diagnostic information.
Ethical Problems in Competitive Bidding (1988)

Quite a few ethical problems can arise in competitive bidding situations. Most problems are associated with deception or lack of social responsibility by the vendor, or with the buyer's unfairness in selecting a vendor [1], Although such problems often arise in business and can have a severe impact, few articles or ethics textbooks have addressed these problems. The dearth of articles on competitive bidding in the business ethics literature is reflected by their absence in a recent comprehensive index [3], According to Nelson, none have suggested how managers can effectively deal with these problems [2]. The purpose of this paper is to outline the important problems which may occur in competitive bidding situations, and to illustrate some of these issues with a case study.
Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Rebaudioside M Isomer from a Bioconversion Reaction of Rebaudioside A and NMR Comparison Studies of Rebaudioside M Isolated from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and Stevia rebaudiana Morita (2014)

A minor product, rebaudioside M2 (2), from the bioconversion reaction of rebaudioside A (4) to rebaudioside D (3), was isolated and the complete structure of the novel steviol glycoside was determined. Rebaudioside M2 (2) is considered an isomer of rebaudioside M (1) and contains a relatively rare 1→6 sugar linkage. It was isolated and characterized with NMR (1H, 13C, COSY, HSQC-DEPT, HMBC, 1D-TOCSY, and NOESY) and mass spectral data. Additionally, we emphasize the importance of 1D and 2D NMR techniques when identifying complex steviol glycosides. Numerous NMR spectroscopy studies of rebaudioside M (1), rebaudioside D (3), and mixture of 1 and 3 led to the discovery that SG17 which was previously reported in literature, is a mixture of rebaudioside D (3), rebaudioside M (1), and possibly other related steviol glycosides.
OTOF mutation screening in Japanese severe to profound recessive hearing loss patients (2013)

The present study showed that OTOF mutations accounted for 3.2-7.3% of severe to profound ARNSHL patients in Japan. OTOF mutations are thus a frequent cause in the Japanese deafness population and mutation screening should be considered regardless of the presence/absence of OAEs.
Urinary N-Acetyl-β-<i>D</i>-Glucosaminidase and Neopterin Aid in the Diagnosis of Rejection and Acute Tubular Necrosis in Initially Nonfunctioning Kidney Grafts (2000)

The uNNR provides a noninvasive means to aid in the differential diagnosis of rejection and ATN in INF human renal transplants.
Value of large scale expansion of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in a compartmentalised gas-permeable bag: interests for adoptive immunotherapy (2011)

The stimulation of TIL with feeder cells in the specifically designed compartmentalised bag can advantageously replace the conventional protocol using plates. In particular, the higher expansion rate of reactive CD8+ T cells could have a significant impact for ACT.
Mobility support in IPv6 (1996)

Article Free Access Share on Mobility support in IPv6 Authors: Charles E. Perkins T. J. Watson Research Center, IBM Corporation, Hawthorne, NY T. J. Watson Research Center, IBM Corporation, Hawthorne, NYView Profile , David B. Johnson Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA Computer Science Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PAView Profile Authors Info & Claims MobiCom '96: Proceedings of the 2nd annual international conference on Mobile computing and networkingNovember 1996 Pages 27–37https://doi.org/10.1145/236387.236400Online:01 November 1996Publication History 134citation2,892DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations134Total Downloads2,892Last 12 Months49Last 6 weeks20 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Novel Phase Morphologies in a Microphase-Separated Dendritic Polymer Melt (2009)

Equilibrium phase morphologies of two different dendritic block copolymer melts are calculated and compared. These copolymers have a pitchfork-like architecture and consist of three distinct blocks that correspond roughly to the handle, the connecting middle dendron structure, and the attached tines of a pitchfork. The first melt considered consists of a copolymer that has a simple Y-junction middle block, and it connects the handle to two tines. The second is similar except its dendritic middle block branches twice to connect to four tines. Polymeric segments are modeled as flexible Gaussian threads and interactions between dissimilar blocks are all contact-like, Flory−Huggins repulsions. All calculations are done for incompressible melts in the context of self-consistent mean-field theory. We find that several morphologies compete for stability depending on the architecture and lengths of the blocks as well as their incompatibilities. As many as four stable two-dimensional phases appear in the phase diagram including: columnar square, rectangular and hexagonally packed structures. A long handle and a moderate length of the dendron are essential for stabilizing the square phases, and the four tine copolymer shows a larger region of stability for these phases compared to the Y-junction middle block system. A remarkable continuous phase transition between the square and rectangular phases is also found and investigated.
Treatment Optimization in Multiple Sclerosis (2004)

The treatment of multiple sclerosis has finally become possible with the advent of the current disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) that have had a significant impact on those living with this disease. Though demonstrating clear efficacy on a number of short-term outcome measures, unfortunately, these agents are not "cures" and many patients with multiple sclerosis continue to experience disease activity in spite of treatment. Clinicians are becoming more comfortable initiating therapy with DMTs, but it is now important to focus attention on monitoring the results of the chosen therapy and deciding whether or not a patient is responding well to treatment. At present, however, clinicians lack criteria for defining optimal versus suboptimal responses to DMTs as well as evidence-based guidelines on how to improve treatment outcomes. Using a recently published model as a framework, The Canadian Multiple Sclerosis Working Group developed practical recommendations on how neurologists can assess the status of patients on DMTs and decide when it may be necessary to modify treatment in order to optimize outcomes. The Canadian Multiple Sclerosis Working Group's recommendations are based on monitoring relapses, neurological progression and MRI activity. Other possible causes of suboptimal treatment responses or treatment failure are also considered.
Aspects of DNA Replication (1979)

This introduction dwells on mechanisms of initiation and synthesis of DNA chains, with particular emphasis on studies of the small DNA phages. Other contributions to this volume review advances that have been made with larger phages, animal viruses, and cellular systems.