gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1x4 reconfigurable demultiplexing filter based on free-standing silicon racetrack resonators (2010)

We present a 1x4 reconfigurable demultiplexing filter based on cascaded thermally tunable silicon racetrack resonators with ultralow tuning powers. The use of free-standing silicon resonators with undercut structures significantly reduces the tuning power, with a figure of ~2.9 mW per free spectral range. Even with the presence of thermal crosstalk between two adjacent resonators, we demonstrate multiplexing functionality for channel spacings of 200 GHz, 100 GHz, and 50 GHz, with channel wavelengths aligned to International Telecommunication Union (ITU) grid specifications. Crosstalk values for 200 GHz and 50 GHz channel spacings are less than -20 dB and -11.5 dB, respectively. The total power to achieve this performance is in the range of 1.84 mW to 2.4 mW. Such low-power, compact, and reconfigurable filters are particularly useful in chip-scale optical interconnects.
Tuning Polymer Properties through Competitive Processes (2012)

Competitive processes in controlled/living radical polymerization (CRP) are explored. Such processes occur in CRPs with two or more related small molecules or polymers that undergo activation, deactivation, and transformation reactions. For the CRP of acrylates and initiators for continuous activator regeneration atom transfer radical polymerization (ICAR ATRP), the polymer properties can be tuned by understanding competitive processes. In the CRP of acrylates, low branching levels require efficient deactivation, with low target chain lengths promotoing low branch levels. For ICAR ATRP, ATRP equilibrium in macromolecules must be established at low conversion for well-controlled polymers.
High power, high efficiency stacked mmWave Class-E-like power amplifiers in 45nm SOI CMOS (2012)

Stacking devices in CMOS power amplifiers (PAs) increases the achievable output voltage swing, thereby increasing the output power and efficiency, particularly at millimeter-wave frequencies. This work presents stacked CMOS PAs based on an improved Class-E design methodology, where device loss is explicitly accounted for in the analysis and design procedure. Design guidelines and fundamental limits on achievable performance are presented. Two fully-integrated 45GHz prototypes with 2 and 4 stacked devices have been fabricated in IBM's 45nm SOI CMOS technology. Measurement results yield a peak PAE of 34.6% for the 2-stacked PA with a saturated output power of 17.6 dBm, and a peak PAE of 19.4% for the 4-stacked PA with a saturated output power of 20.3 dBm. The former represents the highest PAE reported for CMOS mmWave PAs, and the latter represents the highest output power achieved from a CMOS mmWave PA. The paper also describes the modeling of active and passive devices for mmWave CMOS PAs for good model-hardware correlation.
12 mega-pixel, 1,000 fps visible camera with a nanowatt A/D converter at each pixel (2005)

A large format, area array, digital visible light camera was developed based on A/D conversion at each pixel. Production CMOS technology was used in the development of a monolithic front side illuminated photo diode pixel. Each pixel includes a one loop MOSAD, (Multiplexed Oversample A/D) converter, photo diode, and buffered output to support a very large array format operating at high frame rates. MOSAD is a modification of the delta sigma approach to A/D conversion. The 12 megapixel sensor consists of a 4,000X3,000 pixel array capable of up to 1,000 frames per second sample rate. To approximately fit a 35 millimeter optics format, a pixel size of 8.5 &#956;m was selected. There are no operational amplifiers required at the pixel to perform the A/D function, thus allowing a high fill factor. With this pixel size, a 48% fill factor and 38% photo diode area was achieved. A single process run was completed yielding five 8 inch wafers each containing 27 camera die. The single poly, three metal AMIS 0.35 &#956;m CMOS process was used in the fabrication process. Selected die were directly mounted on a specially designed carrier daughter board. Camera support electronics were designed and fabricated to allow sampling of the camera output using commercial standard Camera Link interfacing. Off the shelf 35 Millimeter optics was used to validate imaging capabilities of the sensor. Tests show that the first iteration sensor chip design works to the fundamental requirements and can image.
In Vivo Targeting by Liposomes. (2000)

This review deals with the current status of newly developed pendant-type PEG-immunoliposomes (Type C), carrying monoclonal antibodies or their fragments (Fab') at the distal ends of the PEG chains. In terms of target binding of Type C, two different anatomical compartments are considered. They are mouse lung endothelium as a readily accessible site via the intravascular route and the implanted solid tumor as a much less accessible target site reached via extravasation. Distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine derivatives of PEG with a carboxyl group (DSPE-PEG-COOH) and dipalmitoyl phosphatidylethanolamine derivatives of PEG with a maleimidyl group (DPPE-PEG-Mal) at the PEG terminus were newly synthesized. Small unilamellar liposomes (90-130 nm in diameter) were prepared from phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol (2 : 1, m/m) containing 6 mol% of DSPE-PEG-COOH or DPPE-PEG-Mal. For targeting to the vascular endothelial surface in the lung, 34A antibody, which is highly specific to mouse pulmonary endothelial cells, was conjugated to PEG-liposomes (34A-Type C). The degree of lung binding of 34A-Type C in BALB/c mouse was significantly higher than that of 34A-Type A, which is an ordinary type of immunoliposome (without PEG derivatives). For targeting to solid tumor tissue, 21B2 antibody (anti-human CEA) and its Fab' fragment were used. The targeting ability of Fab'-Type C was examined by using CEA-positive human gastric cancer strain MKN-45 cells inoculated into BALB/c nu/nu mice. Fab'-Type C showed low RES uptake and a long circulation time, and enhanced accumulation of the liposomes in the solid tumor was seen. The small Fab'-Type C predominantly passed through the leaky tumor endothelium by passive convective transport. These studies offer important insights into the potential of Type C liposomes for target-specific drug delivery.
Histamine and prostaglandin E2up‐regulate the production of Th2‐attracting chemokines (CCL17 and CCL22) and down‐regulate IFN‐γ‐induced CXCL10 production by immature human dendritic cells (2006)

Effector memory T helper 2 (Th2) cells that accumulate in target organs (i.e. skin or bronchial mucosa) have a central role in the pathogenesis of allergic disorders. To date, the factors that selectively trigger local production of Th2-attracting chemokines remain poorly understood. In mucosa, at the sites of allergen entry, immature dendritic cells (DC) are in close contact with mast cells. Histamine and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) are two mediators released by allergen-activated mast cells that favour the polarization of maturing DC into Th2-polarizing cells. We analysed here the effects of histamine and PGE2 on the prototypic, Th2-(CCL17, CCL22) versus Th1-(CXCL10) chemokine production by human DC. We report that histamine and PGE2 dose-dependently up-regulate CCL17 and CCL22 by monocyte-derived immature DC. These effects were potentiated by tumour necrosis factor-alpha, still observed in the presence of the Th1-cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and abolished by the immunomodulatory cytokine interleukin-10. In addition, histamine and PGE2 down-regulated IFN-gamma-induced CXCL10 production by monocyte-derived DC. These properties of histamine and PGE2 were observed at the transcriptional level and were mediated mainly through H2 receptors for histamine and through EP2 and EP4 receptors for PGE2. Finally, histamine and PGE2 also up-regulated CCL17 and CCL22 and decreased IFN-gamma-induced CXCL10 production by purified human myeloid DC. In conclusion, these data show that, in addition to polarizing DC into mature cells that promote naïve T-cell differentiation into Th2 cells, histamine and PGE2 may act on immature DC to trigger local Th2 cell recruitment through a selective control of Th1/Th2-attracting chemokine production, thereby contributing to maintain a microenvironment favourable to persistent immunoglobulin E synthesis.
Relevance: Communication and Cognition (1986)

This revised edition includes a new Preface outlining developments in Relevance Theory since 1986, discussing the more serious criticisms of the theory, and ...
Structural principles of tumor necrosis factor superfamily signaling (2018)

The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand and receptor superfamilies play an important role in cell proliferation, survival, and death. Stimulating or inhibiting TNF superfamily signaling pathways is expected to have therapeutic benefit for patients with various diseases, including cancer, autoimmunity, and infectious diseases. We review our current understanding of the structure and geometry of TNF superfamily ligands, receptors, and their interactions. A trimeric ligand and three receptors, each binding at the interface of two ligand monomers, form the basic unit of signaling. Clustering of multiple receptor subunits is necessary for efficient signaling. Current reports suggest that the receptors are prearranged on the cell surface in a "nonsignaling," resting state in a large hexagonal structure of antiparallel dimers. Receptor activation requires ligand binding, and cross-linking antibodies can stabilize the receptors, thereby maintaining the active, signaling state. On the other hand, an antagonist antibody that locks receptor arrangement in antiparallel dimers effectively blocks signaling. This model may aid the design of more effective TNF signaling-targeted therapies.
Operator Interfaces and Network-Based Participation for Dante II (1995)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Dante II, an eight-legged walking robot developed by the Dante project, explored the active volcanic crater of Mount Spurr in July 1994. In this paper, we describe the operator interfaces and the network-based participation methods used during the Dante II mission. Both virtual environment and multi-modal operator interfaces provided mission support for supervised control of Dante II. Network-based participation methods including message communications, satellite transmission, and a World-Wide Web server enabled remote science and public interaction. We believe that these human-machine interfaces represent a significant advance in robotic technologies for exploration.&lt;/div&gt;
Temporal knowledge discovery with infrequent episodes (2004)

In this paper, we present an efficient algorithm which discovers rare episodes with a combination of bottom-up and top-down scanning schema. The information sharing between bottom-up and top-down scannings helps prune candidate episodes, and thus, efficiently find infrequent episodes that are interesting to user: We evaluate the performance of the algorithm using real-life weather databases. We observe from experimental results that our approach results in 30%-90% reduction in computation time and 25%-75% reduction in the number of candidates comparing with Apriori algorithm.
Absorption spectra of nucleotides, polynucleotides, and nucleic acids in the far ultraviolet (1963)

Abstract Ultaviolet absorption spectra down to 185 mμ are presented for a number of nucleic acids and synthetic polynucleotides in the helical and random forms, and of their constituent mononucleotides, as well as the corresponding nucleosides and free bases. A short wavelength absorption band is in all cases observed with a maximum varying between about 187 and 201 mμ. These bands are more intense than those near 260 mμ. The helical polymers show a hypochromic effect in this region of a somewhat similar magnitude to that in the 260 mμ region. Other spectral phenomena accompanying denaturation and degradation are described.
Fast exact from-region visibility in urban scenes (2005)

We present a fast exact from-region visibility algorithm for 2.5D urban scenes. The algorithm uses a subdivision of line space for identifying visibility interactions in a 2D footprint of the scene. Visibility in the remaining vertical dimension is resolved by testing for the existence of lines stabbing sequences of virtual portals. Our results show that exact analytic from-region visibility in urban scenes can be computed at times comparable or even superior to recent conservative methods.
Quantitative Assessment of Macular Edema With Optical Coherence Tomography (1995)

Optical coherence tomography appears useful for objectively monitoring retinal thickness with high resolution in patients with macular edema. It may eventually prove to be a sensitive diagnostic test for the early detection of macular thickening in patients with diabetic retinopathy.
Tumor Progression, Early Diagnosis and Prognosis of Melanoma (1999)

Primary melanomas evolve from melanocytes or from precursor lesions through two stages: the radial and vertical growth phases. The radial growth phase may be in situ or microinvasive, but is a non-tumorigenic neoplastic process, while the vertical growth phase is tumorigenic. The prognosis in radial growth phase is excellent irrespective of thickness or other variables. Curable radial growth phase melanomas can be recognized by surveillance of patients identified by screening for risk markers which include dysplastic nevi, common nevi, freckles, and other indicators of chronic or acute sun exposure or sun sensitivity. The prognosis in vertical growth phase depends on attributes of the tumor and of the host. The tumor mitotic rate, the presence of host tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) within the vertical growth phase, and tumor thickness are the most powerful predictors of survival. New prognostic attributes are needed not only to provide for more accurate prognosis and diagnosis, but also to test the relevance of in vitro or animal studies in a human neoplastic system. Such attributes will be developed in the future based on markers that are associated with tumor progression. Candidate markers include growth factors and cytokines and their receptors, adhesion molecules and their ligands, chemotactic and motility factors, immune response-related molecules, and tumor-associated proteases. Some of these markers that are represented in the transition from radial to vertical growth phase will be reviewed. The tumor progression model presented here has been of value in the development of more accurate prognostic models, and in the elucidation of mechanisms of the malignant phenotype in melanoma.
Minnesota Twin Family Study (2002)

The Minnesota Twin Family Study is a longitudinal study of 11-year-old and 17-year-old twins and their parents designed to examine factors related to the etiology of substance abuse and related problems. At study intake, the twins and their parents participate in a day-long assessment in our laboratory that includes measures of endophenotypes (e.g., event-related potentials, EEG, autonomic nervous system reactivity, startle eye-blink), psychopathology, personality, cognitive ability, anthropometry, and environmental risk/protective factors. DNA derived from blood is also collected. A parallel longitudinal study of adolescent adoptive siblings, biologically related siblings, and their parents is also underway. Over 1500 twin families and 350 adoptive and biological sibling families have already entered the longitudinal phase of the study. This article provides an overview of study methods, highlights published findings, and describes procedures in place to foster collaboration with other investigators.
Studies on Acetamide Derivatives: Preparation and Antimicrobial Activity of 2-Arylaminoacetamido/α-Carbamoyl benzylaminol/ Arylcarbamoylmethylamino-5-o-Nitrophenyl/Benzoylaminomethyl-1,3,4-Thiadiazole (1982)

Sir P. P. Institute of Science, Department of Chemistry, Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar-364 002 <em>Manuscript received 19 March 1981, accepted 2 February 1982</em> Some new 1,3,4-thiadiazoles having acetamide sidechain at two position have been prepared. The products were screened for antimicrobial activity.
Facile synthesis of methanesulfonate esters (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFacile synthesis of methanesulfonate estersRonald K. Crossland and Kenneth L. ServisCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 9, 3195–3196Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00834a087https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00834a087research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3300Altmetric-Citations338LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Immunomodulatory role of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1992)

The active vitamin D metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-D3] is thought to promote many of its actions through interaction with a specific intracellular receptor. The discovery of such receptors in monocytes and activated lymphocytes has led investigators to evaluate the role of the hormone on the immune system. The sterol inhibits lymphocyte proliferation and immunoglobulin production in a dose-dependent fashion. At a molecular level, 1,25-D3 inhibits the accumulation of mRNA for IL-2, IFN-gamma, and GM-CSF. At a cellular level, the hormone interferes with T helper cell (Th) function, reducing Th-induction of immunoglobulin production by B cells and inhibiting the passive transfer of cellular immunity by Th-clones in vivo. The sterol promotes suppressor cell activity and inhibits the generation of cytotoxic and NK cells. Class II antigen expression on lymphocytes and monocytes is also affected by the hormone. When given in vivo, 1,25-D3 has been particularly effective in the prevention of autoimmune diseases such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and murine lupus but its efficacy has been limited by its hypercalcemic effect. Synthetic vitamin D3 analogues showing excellent 1,25-D3-receptor binding but less pronounced hypercalcemic effects in vivo have recently enhanced the immunosuppressive properties of the hormone in autoimmunity and transplantation.
Alkali Metal Cation Effects on Hydrogen Uptake and Binding in Metal-Organic Frameworks (2008)

A 2-fold interwoven metal-organic framework has been chemically reduced and doped with Li(+), Na(+), and K(+). At low pressures and temperatures, the reduced and doped materials exhibit enhanced H2 uptakeup to 65% higher than for the neutral framework. Notably, at similar doping levels, H2 binding is strongest with Li(+) and decreases as Li(+) > Na(+) > K(+). However, the uptake increases in the opposite order. We attribute the behavior to structural changes accompanying framework reduction.
Statins therapy: a review on conventional and novel formulation approaches (2011)

These technologies vary from conventional dosage forms to nanoparticulate drug-delivery systems, and have the potential to cause improvements in bioavailability and consequently therapeutic efficacy.
Short communication: Effects of the progesterone receptor variants on fertility traits in cattle (2009)

The progesterone receptor (PGR) gene is a key factor in the initiation and maintenance of pregnancy and in embryo development. Currently, it is unknown what variants of the PGR gene are related to fertility traits in cattle. Identification of such variants would allow the implementation of marker-assisted selection in breeding schemes. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of PGR with fertility traits in Holstein dairy cattle. An in vitro fertilization system was used to maximize the efficiency of the identification of genetic factors affecting fertility. This in vitro fertilization system would allow the assessment of fertilization and embryonic survival rates independently of influences from the uterine environment. A total of 5,566 fertilization attempts were performed, and a total of 3,679 embryos were produced using oocytes from 324 Holstein cows and semen from 10 Holstein bulls. Sequencing of pooled DNA samples from ovaries revealed an SNP (G/C) in intron 3 of PGR. A generalized linear model was used to analyze the association of this SNP with fertilization and embryonic survival rates for each ovary. Oocytes obtained from CC ovaries showed a 61% fertilization rate, compared with 68 and 69% for GC and GG ovaries, respectively. The survival rate of embryos produced from GG ovaries was 5 and 6% higher than that of GC and CC ovaries . These results indicate that the PGR SNP could be used in marker-assisted selection breeding programs in Holstein dairy cattle.
CSAMP: A System for Network-Wide Flow Monitoring (2018)

Critical network management applications increasingly demand fine-grained flow level measurements. However, current flow monitoring solutions are inadequate for many of these applications. In this paper, we present the design, implementation, and evaluation of CSAMP, a system-wide approach for flow monitoring. The design of CSAMP derives from three key ideas: flow sampling as a router primitive instead of uniform packet sampling; hash-based packet selection to achieve coordination without explicit communication; and a framework for distributing responsibilities across routers to achieve network-wide monitoring goals while respecting router resource constraints. We show that CSAMP achieves much greater monitoring coverage, better use of router resources, and enhanced ability to satisfy network-wide flow monitoring goals compared to existing solutions.
The Cephalosporins (1970)

Cephalothin and cephaloridine, semisynthetic congeners of cephalosporin C, are highly active against nearly all Gram-positive bacteria (except enterococci and methicillin-resistant staphylococci) and, at concentrations of 1µg to 10 µg/ml, against most strains of Salmonella, Shigella, Klebsiella, Proteus mirabilis, and many Escherichia coli, paracolon bacteria, and Hemophilus influenzae. These drugs are inactivated by a beta lactamase, cephalosporinase, and are susceptible to very high concentrations of penicillinase. They inhibit cell wall synthesis. Neither cephalothin or cephaloridine is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Two related compounds, cephaloglycine and cephalexin, are absorbed by this route. They are largely excreted by the kidneys. In the presence of renal disease the dose of each must be reduced. Cross-sensitization between penicillin and the cephalosporin C congeners is very uncommon and is not an important contraindication to the use of these agents in individuals allergic to penicillin. Cephalothin may produce Coombs-positive reactions. Doses of cephaloridine greater than 4 g/day may lead to a varying degree of renal dysfunction or acute tubular necrosis. Fever, eosinophilia, anaphylaxis, serum sickness, and various skin rashes occur in about 5% of treated patients. The usefulness of cephalothin and and cephaloridine in the management of a variety of infections is well established.