gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nitrooleic Acid Attenuates Lipid Metabolic Disorders and Liver Steatosis in DOCA-Salt Hypertensive Mice (2015)

Nitrooleic acid (OA-NO2) is endogenous ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. The present study was aimed at investigating the beneficial effects of OA-NO2 on the lipid metabolism and liver steatosis in deoxycorticosterone acetate- (DOCA-) salt induced hypertensive mice model. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided to receive DOCA-salt plus OA-NO2 or DOCA-salt plus vehicle and another group received neither DOCA-salt nor OA-NO2 (control group). After 3-week treatment with DOCA-salt plus 1% sodium chloride in drinking fluid, the hypertension was noted; however, OA-NO2 had no effect on the hypertension. In DOCA-salt treated mice, the plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were significantly increased compared to control mice, and pretreatment with OA-NO2 significantly reduced these parameters. Further, the histopathology of liver exhibited more lipid distribution together with more serious micro- and macrovesicular steatosis after DOCA-salt treatment and that was consistent with liver tissue triglyceride and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) content. The mice pretreated with OA-NO2 showed reduced liver damage accompanied with low liver lipid content. Moreover, the liver TBARS, together with the expressions of gp91phox and p47phox, were parallelly decreased. These findings indicated that OA-NO2 had the protective effect on liver injury against DOCA-salt administration and the beneficial effect could be attributed to its antihyperlipidemic activities.
Cranberry Flavonoids, Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Health (2002)

Atherosclerosis is the deposition of plaques containing cholesterol and lipids in arterial walls. Atherosclerosis causes cardiovascular disease that lead to heart attacks and stroke. Mortality from these diseases is the leading cause of death in the U.S. Atherogenisis starts with the uptake of oxidized LDL by endothelial macrophages, the accumulation of foam cells in the intima of the artery and the formation of fatty streaks. Research indicates that consumption of flavonoids in foods and beverages may decrease the risk of atherosclerosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments with flavonoids demonstrate that flavonoids are dietary antioxidants and inhibit LDL oxidation, inhibit platelet aggregation and adhesion, inhibit enzymes involved in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism that affect the immune response to oxidized LDL and their uptake by endothelial macrophages, may induce endothelium-dependent vassorelaxation, and may increase reverse cholesterol transport and decrease total and LDL cholesterol. Cranberries contain both hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids. The cranberry flavonoids belong to three groups: anthocyanins, flavonols, and proanthocyanidins. This article reviews the literature on the effects of flavonoids on atherosclerosis with an emphasis on the potential effects of the flavonols and proanthocyanidins in cranberries.
Purification and in vitro labeling of interferon from a human fibroblastoid cell line. (1978)

Interferon was produced from a clonal human fibroblastoid line. This cell line was derived from an established fibroblastoid culture treated with ethylmethane sulfonate and is capable of producing higher amounts human interferon than primary human fibroblast cultures. The interferon produced from this cell line was purified by concanavalin A and phenyl-Sepharose column chromatography followed by preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified interferon was then labeled with [125I]-iodine, with [3H]5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl-chloride and with sodium [3H]borohydride after periodate oxidation. An appreciable amount of biological activity was retained after both tritium labelings but not after iodination. When subjected to electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate all three radioactive interferon preparations comigrated with the purified interferon preparation as a single protein component with a molecular weight of 19,000. Both purified and radioactive preparations were also shown to migrate with the antiviral activity in polyacrylamide gels in the absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The specific activity of purified interferon preparations ranged from 2 X 10(8) to 10 X 10(8) units/mg of protein.
Human DNase I Contains Mannose 6-Phosphate and Binds the Cation-Independent Mannose 6-Phosphate Receptor (1998)

DNase I isolated from human urine (hDNase) or expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells contains mannose-phosphorylated oligosaccharides. hDNase binds to a column of immobilized cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor, with the strongest binding exhibited by the protein bearing diphosphorylated oligosaccharides. The binding is inhibited by 5 mM mannose 6-phosphate, and can be prevented by prior treatment of hDNase with alkaline phosphatase. Phosphorylated high-mannose oligosaccharides were observed at both sites of glycosylation in hDNase by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of a tryptic digest. These results indicate that hDNase, though not an acid hydrolase, may enter the lysosomal trafficking pathway, and may have evolved from a lysosomal enzyme.
Revealing competitive Förster-type resonance energy-transfer pathways in single bichromophoric molecules (2003)

We demonstrate measurements of the efficiency of competing Förster-type energy-transfer pathways in single bichromophoric systems by monitoring simultaneously the fluorescence intensity, fluorescence lifetime, and the number of independent emitters with time. Peryleneimide end-capped fluorene trimers, hexamers, and polymers with interchromophore distances of 3.4, 5.9, and on average 42 nm, respectively, served as bichromophoric systems. Because of different energy-transfer efficiencies, variations in the interchromophore distance enable the switching between homo-energy transfer (energy hopping), singlet-singlet annihilation, and singlet-triplet annihilation. The data suggest that similar energy-transfer pathways have to be considered in the analysis of single-molecule trajectories of donor/acceptor pairs as well as in natural and synthetic multichromophoric systems such as light-harvesting antennas, oligomeric fluorescent proteins, and dendrimers. Here we report selectively visualization of different energy-transfer pathways taking place between identical fluorophores in individual bichromophoric molecules.
Sphingosine Kinase Activity Is Not Required for Tumor Cell Viability (2013)

Sphingosine kinases (SPHKs) are enzymes that phosphorylate the lipid sphingosine, leading to the formation of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). In addition to the well established role of extracellular S1P as a mitogen and potent chemoattractant, SPHK activity has been postulated to be an important intracellular regulator of apoptosis. According to the proposed rheostat theory, SPHK activity shifts the intracellular balance from the pro-apoptotic sphingolipids ceramide and sphingosine to the mitogenic S1P, thereby determining the susceptibility of a cell to apoptotic stress. Despite numerous publications with supporting evidence, a clear experimental confirmation of the impact of this mechanism on tumor cell viability in vitro and in vivo has been hampered by the lack of suitable tool reagents. Utilizing a structure based design approach, we developed potent and specific SPHK1/2 inhibitors. These compounds completely inhibited intracellular S1P production in human cells and attenuated vascular permeability in mice, but did not lead to reduced tumor cell growth in vitro or in vivo. In addition, siRNA experiments targeting either SPHK1 or SPHK2 in a large panel of cell lines failed to demonstrate any statistically significant effects on cell viability. These results show that the SPHK rheostat does not play a major role in tumor cell viability, and that SPHKs might not be attractive targets for pharmacological intervention in the area of oncology.
Unstructured data analysis of streaming video using parallel, high-throughput algorithms (2007)

This paper describes the use of high-performance, parallel, unstructured data analysis techniques to extract of human faces from streaming video. These faces are placed into a database which may be searched to answer the question we seen this person's face before? If the answer is yes, then where/when have we seen this person and what other faces (i.e., people) were they associating with? This paper describes the algorithms that are used to: 1) extract all faces from the videos [1], 2) classify and characterize the faces into clusters containing all the different views of the faces, 3) search the face database using a network graphs representing face vs. time, face vs. location and face vs. face to discover networks/relationships and 4) parallelize the algorithms to achieve optimal use of the processing power and communication bandwidth. We describe the parallel, high-throughput methods (used to process video at a rate of about one DVD (~5Gbytes) per second), and algorithms that extract faces and build attribute vectors computed for each video frame and face based on information entropy relationships. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) [2] is used to identify relationship among the frames and faces to reveal clusters of images and the trajectories of images that define how close one frame is to another or how close one face is to another. Finally, social networks are constructed to indicate which faces interacted with which other faces at what location for what period of time. The major use of the system described in this paper would be a scenario where the video feeds of many surveillance cameras are processed into a centralized database.
Heterogeneity of helper/inducer T lymphocytes. IV. Stimulation of resting and activated B cells by Th1 and Th2 clones. (1990)

To test the hypothesis that resting and previously activated B lymphocytes differ in their proliferative and differentiative responses to various Th cell-derived stimuli, we have examined the interactions of purified small (resting) and large (activated) murine B cells with rabbit Ig-specific Th1 and Th2 clones in the presence of the Ag analogue, rabbit anti-mouse Ig antibody. Small numbers of Th2 cells induce strong Ag-dependent proliferation of and Ig secretion by both resting and activated B lymphocytes. In contrast, Th1 clones stimulate lower responses of activated B cells and fail to stimulate small resting B cells. An interaction with Th1 clones does make small B cells responsive to the Th2-derived cytokine, IL-4, indicating that Th1 clones are capable of delivering some but not all the stimuli necessary for the induction of humoral immunity. Finally, in order to compare the responses of small and large B cells to cognate interactions and secreted cytokines, we used an autoreactive I-Ak-specific Th2 line. This line induces proliferation of and Ig secretion by I-Ak expressing but not H-2d resting and activated B cells as a result of cognate interactions. However, when the H-2d B cells are bystanders in the presence of cytokine secretion by this Th2 line, or are directly exposed to Th2-derived cytokines, both small and large B cells are induced to proliferate but only the large B cells secrete antibody. These results indicate that the magnitude and nature of antibody responses depend on three principal factors: the cytokines produced by Th cells, the state of activation of the responding B lymphocytes, and whether the B cells are recipients of cognate help or are bystanders at the site of T cell stimulation. Our findings also confirm the view that cognate T-B interactions are most efficient for initiating B cell responses and may allow B cells to subsequently respond to a variety of T cell-derived cytokines.
Aα-Val360: a marker of neutrophil elastase and COPD disease activity (2012)

Forced expiratory volume in 1 s is currently the most widely used marker of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity; however, it is a poor surrogate of the emphysematous component and the underlying pathophysiological mechanism, and therefore new markers are urgently needed. Neutrophil elastase (NE) is likely to play a key pathophysiological role in COPD and the current study explores a marker of NE activity as a potential indicator of COPD disease activity. Aα-Val(360) was measured in 81 subjects with a clinical diagnosis of COPD, both in the stable state and at presentation with an acute exacerbation, and comparisons were made using lung function tests and computed tomography imaging. The relationship of Aα-Val(360) with disease progression was also assessed in 40 of the subjects over a 4-yr period. Baseline Aα-Val(360) related to physiological and radiological markers of disease severity, was higher at presentation with an acute exacerbation than in the stable state and (at least partly) related to disease progression over the subsequent 4 yrs. We demonstrate that Aα-Val(360) is a marker of cross-sectional COPD disease severity and possibly disease progression, and represents a new concept of specific biomarkers. This study therefore reports the first in vivo data to support the pathophysiological role of NE in COPD.
Novel serum inflammatory markers in acute appendicitis (2002)

ROC analysis confirmed that IL-6 showed the best trend in the diagnosis of AA. However, the diagnosis of AA was not greatly improved by any of the new serum markers as single on-admission tests.
Suramin--a potent reversible and competitive inhibitor of complement systems. (1972)

Since the interaction of complement components is in essence a chain reaction of proenzyme activation to enzymes, suramin, a potent inhibitor of at least six different enzymes, is shown to be an efficient inhibitor of the complement system. The inhibition is rapid, reversible and nonspecific; the interactions of SHEA and C1, SHEAC1 and C4, SHEAC14 and C2, SHEAC142 and C3–9 are inhibited by microgram quantities of the inhibitor. By applying standard enzyme-substrate-inhibition assay methods, suramin is shown to inhibit SHEAC1 and C4 as well as SHEAC14 and C2 interactions competitively. This mode of inhibition is in contrast with that of most of the known inhibitors which are anticomplementary by virtue of destroying or activating the complement components so that they are no longer available for further interactions. When suramin is mixed with serum its rate of dialysis is greatly reduced; such a behaviour may be explained by the high affinity of suramin for protein molecules to form complexes. Although haemolytic complements of different species origins have variable susceptibility to suramin inhibition, it is one of the most potent complement inhibitors as yet available for experimental use.
Effect of exercise on the partitioning of equine respiratory resistance (1988)

Pleural, tracheal, pharyngeal and mask pressures as well as airflow and tidal volume of five ponies on a treadmill (incline 8.3 degrees) were recorded simultaneously while resting, walking, trotting slowly, trotting fast, after standing for 30 secs and 5 mins after the end of the exercise. The curves obtained were used to calculate total pulmonary resistance (RL), lower airway resistance (RLA) and upper airway resistance (RUA). The latter was also divided into nasal resistance (Rnas) and laryngeal plus extrathoracic tracheal resistance (Retr + lar). Furthermore, the inspiratory and expiratory components of each of these R values were estimated. Levels of RL, RLA and RUA were increased significantly during exercise but, during the recovery period, the values were significantly lower than those pre-exercise. RUA represented 82 per cent of RL at rest and this percentage did not change significantly during and after exercise. The nasal resistance to RUA ratio was always higher than 0.5. The fact that RL increased with exercise intensity was due to the increase of RUA during inspiration, and mainly a result of the increase of RLA during expiration. At fast trot, RLA represented 5 and 50 per cent of RL during inspiration and expiration respectively. It was concluded that heavy exercise induces in ponies an increase of RL, one reason for which could be the partial collapse of the extrathoracic and intrathoracic airways during inspiration and expiration respectively.
Recent advances in the drug discovery of metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGluR4) activators for the treatment of CNS and non-CNS disorders (2012)

Developing a subtype-selective, orally bioavailable brain penetrant mGluR4 orthosteric agonist remains challenging. Lack of subtype selectivity and low brain penetration has been a common limitation of the first generation of mGluR4 agonist and potentiators. However, significant progress has recently been made with the identification of several double- to single-digit nanomolar mGluR4 PAM having reasonable pharmacokinetic properties, oral bioavailability and brain penetration. The use of such compounds in research has led to advancement in understanding the central role of mGluR4 in multiple neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis. Our understanding of the potential application of mGluR4 as therapeutic target is expected to grow as these compounds advance into preclinical and clinical development.
Cerebral hypothermia and circulatory arrest. Review and commentary. (1978)

Through the application of low-temperature technology, the critical limits of circulatory arrest to the mammalian brain--the most complex of all body organ systems--can be significantly extended. This presentation reviews three recently developed methods of cooling the brain. The first demonstrates the unique preservation of cerebral tissue as an isolated organ near 0 degrees C with donor perfusion reanimation. The second emphasizes the ability of the intact animal to literally cool its own brain when a simple extracorporeal shunt is utilized. The third outlines a technique of direct hypothermic infusion of the ventricular pathways to achieve deep temperature reductions in brain tissue. Their clinical applications and implications are discussed.
Evaluation of measured travel time utilizing two-way communication in UTMS (1996)

UTMS (Universal Traffic Management Systems) totally manages and controls traffic flow to make it safe and smooth, and utilizes a two-way infrared communication between the infrastructure and vehicles carrying infrared vehicle detectors. Using these functions, UTMS can measure travel time by matching vehicle identification numbers, which are received as up-link information from infrared vehicle detectors. In order to evaluate the validity of this system, a UTMS Experiment was conducted in main routes in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Considering the results of these evaluations, travel time using up-link information from in-vehicle units to infrared vehicle detectors was confirmed to be useful and effective for practical use.
Characterization of the role of mononuclear cell subpopulations in the in vitro lymphocyte proliferation assay. (1979)

Purified human mononuclear cell subpopulations have been evaluated in the in vitro lymphocyte proliferation assay. Monocyte-depleted mononuclear cells had reduced or absent responses to mitogens and antigens which could be restored to the original mononuclear cell response by addition of purified plastic adherent cells. Purified T lymphocytes obtained by density gradient centrifugation of E-rosette-forming cells demonstrated low but significant proliferative responses to mitogens, but no significant response to antigens. The addition of monocytes potentiated the response of purified T cells to mitogens and antigens, but did not fully reconstitute the original mononuclear cell response unless non-T lymphocytes were also present. It is concluded that mononuclear cell proliferation represents a complex mechanism of cellular interaction involving multiple subpopulations of cells.
An improved clonal excess assay using flow cytometry and B-cell gating (1990)

In humans with B-cell malignancies, the presence of monoclonal B lymphocytes (clonal proliferation) can be detected by comparing the fluorescence intensity distributions of lymphocytes stained with anti- kappa and anti-lambda reagents. The sensitivity of previously described single-color immunofluorescence techniques to low levels of clonal excess is limited by background from cytophilic immunoglobulins on non- B cells and by the low proportion of circulating B cells in individuals with minimal disease. We have used two-color immunofluorescence and B- cell gating to develop an improved assay that avoids false positives due to non-B cells, without requiring restrictive light scatter gates that may exclude true positives. This method is sensitive to 0.2% monoclonal B cells admixed with fresh normal lymphocytes, to 0.6% monoclonal B cells admixed with normal lymphocytes that have been stored for up to 72 hours, and readily detects 1% monoclonal cells in patient specimens. The two color B-cell gated assay offers sensitivity equivalent to the single-color assay and improved specificity for detection of low levels of clonal excess.
Simple, Short Peptide Derivatives of a Sulfonylindolecarboxamide (L-737,126) Active in Vitro against HIV-1 Wild Type and Variants Carrying Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Resistance Mutations. (2004)

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) active against NNRTI-resistant\nmutants were obtained by introducing two methyl groups at positions 3 and 5 of the\nbenzenesulfonyl moiety of L-737,126 (&lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt;) and coupling one to three glycinamide/alaninamide\nunits to its carboxyamide function. In cell-based assays, the new derivatives showed activities\nagainst HIV-1 wild type and NNRTI-resistant mutants [Y181C, K103N−Y181C, and triple\nmutant (K103R, V179D, P225H) highly resistant to efavirenz] superior to that of the parent\nindole derivative &lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt;.
Combining bottom-up and top-down constraints to achieve robust ASR: The multisource decoder (2001)

Recognising speech in the presence of non-stationary noise presents a great challenge. Missing data techniques allow recognition based on a subset of features which reflect the speech and not the interference, but identifying these valid features is difficult. Rather than relying only on low-level signal features to locate the target (such as energy relative to an estimated noise floor), we can also employ the top-down constraints of the speech models to eliminate candidate target fragments that have a low likelihood of resembling the training set. The multisource decoder makes a simultaneous search in fragment-labelling space (target or interference) and word-string space, to find the most likely overall solution. When testing on the Aurora 2 task, this algorithm achieves up to 20% relative word error rate reduction in nonstationary noise conditions at low SNR.