gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cellulose Pyrolysis Kinetics: The Current State of Knowledge (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCellulose Pyrolysis Kinetics: The Current State of KnowledgeMichael Jerry Jr. Antal and Gabor VarhegyiCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1995, 34, 3, 703–717Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00042a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00042a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5244Altmetric-Citations714LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cloning and sequencing of phbA gene of poly-β-hydroxybuty rate synthesis and its expression analysis (1999)

The gene of the first key enzyme of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate synthesis, 3-ketothiolase, has been amplified and cloned from chromosomal DNA of Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 by PCR. DNA sequencing results show that phbA cloned in pBluescriptSK~+ has an identical sequence with that reported previously except for one base pair. The plant constitutive expression vector has been constructed and tobacco has been transformed in order to examine the phbA gene function and the efficiency of ctp gene product. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis result shows that the ctp gene product could direct foreign protein into plastid efficiently and phbA gene could be translated into corresponding protein with correct size. The enzyme activity analysis of 3-ketothiolase shows that the enzyme could catalyze acetyl-CoA to form acetoacetylCoA.
Herpes simplex virus-mediated human hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase gene transfer into neuronal cells. (1988)

The virtually complete deficiency of the purine salvage enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) results in a devastating neurological disease, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Transfer of the HPRT gene into fibroblasts and lymphoblasts in vitro and into hematopoietic cells in vivo has been accomplished by other groups with retroviral-derived vectors. It appears to be necessary, however, to transfer the HPRT gene into neuronal cells to correct the neurological dysfunction of this disorder. The neurotropic virus herpes simplex virus type 1 has features that make it suitable for use as a vector to transfer the HPRT gene into neuronal tissue. This report describes the isolation of an HPRT-deficient rat neuroma cell line, designated B103-4C, and the construction of a recombinant herpes simplex virus type 1 that contained human HPRT cDNA. These recombinant viruses were used to infect B103-4C cells. Infected cells expressed HPRT activity which was human in origin.
Eight‐plex iTRAQ analysis of variant metastatic human prostate cancer cells identifies candidate biomarkers of progression: An exploratory study (2010)

Our study provides proof of principle for the application of an 8-plex iTRAQ approach to uncover clinically relevant candidate biomarkers for prostate cancer progression.
Motion and arrest of a molten contact line on a cold surface: An experimental study (1997)

An experimental study is presented of the behavior of a molten contact line under conditions which simulate what happens when a molten droplet touches a subcooled solid, spreads partly over it, and freezes. We restrict our attention to the case where the solid and melt are of the same material and have approximately the same thermal properties, and reach two conclusions. First, we show that an advancing molten contact line is arrested at an apparent dynamic contact angle, which for a given material depends primarily on the Stefan number based on the temperature difference between the fusion point and the temperature of the solid over which the melt spreads. Second, during much of the spreading prior to contact-line arrest, the relationship between the melt’s apparent dynamic contact angle and the contact-line speed appears to obey the Hoffman–Tanner–Voinov law with the equilibrium contact angle taken as zero.
Effect of B7-2 and CD40 Signals from Activated Antigen-Presenting Cells on the Ability of Zwitterionic Polysaccharides To Induce T-Cell Stimulation (2005)

Carbohydrates have been thought to stimulate immune responses independently of T cells; however, zwitterionic polysaccharides (ZPSs) from the capsules of some bacteria elicit potent CD4+-T-cell responses in vivo and in vitro. We demonstrated that HLA-DR on professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) is required for ZPS-induced T-cell proliferation in vitro (15). Recently, it was shown that ZPSs are processed to low-molecular-weight carbohydrates by a nitric oxide-mediated mechanism in endosomes and locate in the major histocompatibility complex class II pathway (5, 15). The effect of the ZPS-mediated expression of HLA-DR and costimulatory molecules on the APC and T-cell engagement and subsequent T-cell activation has not been elucidated. Herein, we report that ZPS-mediated induction of HLA-DR-surface expression and T-cell proliferation are maximally enhanced after incubation of APCs for 8 h with ZPS. Treatment of APCs with bafilomycin A inhibits the up-regulation of ZPS-mediated HLA-DR surface expression and leads to inhibition of T-cell proliferation. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the costimulatory molecules B7-2 and CD40L specifically block ZPS-mediated T-cell activation, while a MAb to B7-1 does not. Surface expression of B7-2 and B7-1 but not of CD40 is maximally enhanced at 8 to 16 h of treatment of APCs with ZPS. The results demonstrate that the cellular immune response to ZPS depends on the translocation of HLA-DR to the cell surface and requires costimulation via B7-2 and CD40 on activated APCs. The implication is that activation of ZPS-specific T cells requires an orchestrated arrangement of both presenting and costimulatory molecules to form an immunological synapse.
Mining traffic incidents to forecast impact (2012)

Using sensor data from fixed highway traffic detectors, as well as data from highway patrol logs and local weather stations, we aim to answer the domain problem: "A traffic incident just occurred. How severe will its impact be?" In this paper we show a practical system for predicting the cost and impact of highway incidents using classification models trained on sensor data and police reports. Our models are built on an understanding of the spatial and temporal patterns of the expected state of traffic at different times of day and locations and past incidents. With high accuracy, our model can predict false reports of incidents that are made to the highway patrol and classify the duration of the incident-induced delays and the magnitude of the incident impact, measured as a function of vehicles delayed, the spatial and temporal extent of the incident. Equipped with our predictions of traffic incident costs and relative impacts, highway operators and first responders will be able to more effectively respond to reports of highway incidents, ultimately improving drivers' welfare and reducing urban congestion.
Cordycepin inhibits IL-1 -induced MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (2008)

Cordycepin is a potent inhibitor of IL-1beta-induced chemokine production and MMP expression and strongly blocks the p38/JNK/AP-1 signalling pathway in RASFs.
Dielectrophoretic differentiation of mouse ovarian surface epithelial cells, macrophages, and fibroblasts using contactless dielectrophoresis (2012)

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancies in women. The primary challenge is the detection of the cancer at an early stage, since this drastically increases the survival rate. In this study we investigated the dielectrophoretic responses of progressive stages of mouse ovarian surface epithelial (MOSE) cells, as well as mouse fibroblast and macrophage cell lines, utilizing contactless dielectrophoresis (cDEP). cDEP is a relatively new cell manipulation technique that has addressed some of the challenges of conventional dielectrophoretic methods. To evaluate our microfluidic device performance, we computationally studied the effects of altering various geometrical parameters, such as the size and arrangement of insulating structures, on dielectrophoretic and drag forces. We found that the trapping voltage of MOSE cells increases as the cells progress from a non-tumorigenic, benign cell to a tumorigenic, malignant phenotype. Additionally, all MOSE cells display unique behavior compared to fibroblasts and macrophages, representing normal and inflammatory cells found in the peritoneal fluid. Based on these findings, we predict that cDEP can be utilized for isolation of ovarian cancer cells from peritoneal fluid as an early cancer detection tool.
Development and Activities of the BR96-Doxorubicin Immunoconjugate (2003)

The use of antibodies to selectively destroy tumors has attracted attention since Paul Ehrlich's dream about "magic bullets," and it gained support from the demonstration by Pressman in the 1950s that antibodies can be employed to deliver radioisotopes to tumors in rodents. The promise of this approach received a strong boost when Köhler and Milstein introduced monoclonal antibody (MAb) technology in the 1970s (1). However, the clinical success of unmodified MAbs or MAbs conjugated to drugs, radioisotopes, or toxins in the treatment of tumors has been modest so far. The primary exceptions are the use of MAbs targeting the HER2 growth factor receptor in breast carcinomas (2) and MAbs to treat B-cell lymphomas (3, 4). Encouraging results have also been obtained when a MAb reacting with a differentiation antigen expressed on colorectal carcinomas was given to patients who were at high risk of tumor recurrence following primary surgery (5).
High-speed, compact, adaptive lenses using in-line transparent dielectric elastomer actuator membranes (2013)

Electrically tunable adaptive lenses provide several advantages over traditional lens assemblies in terms of compactness, speed, efficiency, and flexibility. We present an elastomer-liquid lens system which makes use of an in-line, transparent electroactive polymer actuator. The lens has two liquid-filled cavities enclosed within two frames, with two passive outer elastomer membranes and an internal transparent electroactive membrane. Advantages of the lens design over existing systems include large apertures, flexibility in choosing the starting lens curvature, and electrode encapsulation with a dielectric liquid. A lens power change up to 40 diopters, corresponding to focal length variation up to 300%, was recorded during actuation, with a response time on the order of tens of milliseconds.
Chloride Accumulation and Swelling in Endosomes Enhances DNA Transfer by Polyamine-DNA Polyplexes (2003)

The "proton sponge hypothesis" postulates enhanced transgene delivery by cationic polymer-DNA complexes (polyplexes) containing H+ buffering polyamines by enhanced endosomal Cl- accumulation and osmotic swelling/lysis. To test this hypothesis, we measured endosomal Cl- concentration, pH, and volume after internalization of polyplexes composed of plasmid DNA and polylysine (POL), a non-buffering polyamine, or the strongly buffering polyamines polyethylenimine (PEI) or polyamidoamine (PAM). [Cl-] and pH were measured by ratio imaging of fluorescently labeled polyplexes containing Cl- or pH indicators. [Cl-] increased from 41 to 80 mM over 60 min in endosomes-contained POL-polyplexes, whereas pH decreased from 6.8 to 5.3. Endosomal Cl- accumulation was enhanced (115 mM at 60 min) and acidification was slowed (pH 5.9 at 60 min) for PEI and PAM-polyplexes. Relative endosome volume increased 20% over 75 min for POL-polyplexes versus 140% for PEI-polyplexes. Endosome lysis was seen at >45 min for PEI but not POL-containing endosomes, and PEI-containing endosomes showed increased osmotic fragility in vitro. The slowed endosomal acidification and enhanced Cl- accumulation and swelling/lysis were accounted for by the greater H+ buffering capacity of endosomes containing PEI or PAM versus POL (>90 mM versus 46 H+/pH unit). Our results provide direct support for the proton sponge hypothesis and thus a rational basis for the design of improved non-viral vectors for gene delivery.
Focusing and imaging using eigenfunctions of the scattering operator (1997)

An inverse scattering method that uses eigenfunctions of the scattering operator is presented. This approach provides a unified framework that encompasses eigenfunction methods of focusing and quantitative image reconstruction in arbitrary media. Scattered acoustic fields are described using a compact, normal operator. The eigenfunctions of this operator are shown to correspond to the far-field patterns of source distributions that are directly proportional to the position-dependent contrast of a scattering object. Conversely, the eigenfunctions of the scattering operator specify incident-wave patterns that focus on these effective source distributions. These focusing properties are employed in a new inverse scattering method that represents unknown scattering media using products of numerically calculated fields of eigenfunctions. A regularized solution to the nonlinear inverse scattering problem is shown to result from combinations of these products, so that the products comprise a natural basis for efficient and accurate reconstructions of unknown inhomogeneities. The corresponding linearized problem is solved analytically, resulting in a simple formula for the low-pass-filtered scattering potential. The linear formula is analytically equivalent to known filtered-backpropagation formulas for Born inversion, and, at least in the case of small scattering objects, has advantages of computational simplicity and efficiency. A similarly efficient and simple formula is derived for the nonlinear problem in which the total acoustic pressure can be determined based on an estimate of the medium. Computational results illustrate focusing of eigenfunctions on discrete and distributed scattering media, quantitative imaging of inhomogeneous media using products of retransmitted eigenfunctions, inverse scattering in an inhomogeneous background medium, and reconstructions for data corrupted by noise.
Metalated Diblock and Triblock Poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) Copolymers:  Understanding of Micelle and Bulk Structure (2005)

The paper provides new insights into the structure of Pt-containing diblock and triblock copolymers based on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP), using a combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering (ASAXS). Parallel studies using methods contributing supplemental structural information allowed us to comprehensively characterize sophisticated polymer systems during metalation and to exclude possible ambiguity of the data interpretation of each of the methods. AFM and TEM make available the determination of sizes of the micelles and of the Pt-containing micelle cores, respectively, while a combination of XRD, TEM, and ASAXS reveals Pt-nanoparticle size distributions and locations along with the structural information about the polymer matrix. In addition, for the first time, ASAXS revealed the organization of Pt-nanoparticle-filled diblock and triblock copolymers in the bulk. The nanoparticle characteristics are mainly determined by the type of block copolymer system in which they are found: larger particles (2.0-3.0 nm) are formed in triblock copolymer micelles, while smaller ones (1.5-2.5 nm) are found in diblock copolymer micelles. This can be explained by facilitated intermicellar exchange in triblock copolymer systems. For both systems, Pt nanoparticles have narrow particle size distributions as a result of a strong interaction between the nanoparticle surface and the P4VP units inside the micelle cores. The pH of the medium mainly influences the particle location rather than the particle size. A structural model of Pt-nanoparticle clustering in the diblock PEO-b-P4VP and triblock P4VP-b-PEO-b-P4VP copolymers in the bulk was constructed ab initio from the ASAXS data. This model reveals that nearly spherical micellar cores of about 10 nm in diameter (filled with Pt nanoparticles) aggregate forming slightly oblate hollow bodies with an outer diameter of about 40 nm.
Synergistic Effects of Cellulosomal Xylanase and Cellulases from Clostridium cellulovorans on Plant Cell Wall Degradation (2003)

Plant cell walls are comprised of cellulose and hemicellulose and other polymers that are intertwined, and this complex structure presents a barrier to degradation by pure cellulases or hemicellulases. In this study, we determined the synergistic effects on corn cell wall degradation by the action of cellulosomal xylanase XynA and cellulosomal cellulases from Clostridium cellulovorans. XynA minicellulosomes and cellulase minicellulosomes were found to degrade corn cell walls synergistically but not purified substrates such as xylan and crystalline cellulose. The mixture of XynA and cellulases at a molar ratio of 1:2 showed the highest synergistic effect of 1.6 on corn cell wall degradation. The amounts both of xylooligosaccharides and cellooligosaccharides liberated from corn cell walls were increased by the synergistic action of XynA and cellulases. Although synergistic effects on corn cell wall degradation were found in simultaneous reactions with XynA and cellulases, no synergistic effects were observed in sequential reactions. The possible mechanism of synergism between XynA and cellulases is discussed.
A Novel Non-Peptidyl Human C-Mpl Agonist, NIP-004, Stimulates Human Megakaryopoiesis and Thrombopoiesis. (2005)

Abstract Thrombopoietin (TPO) is a critical humoral regulator of megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis. TPO induces proliferation and maturation of hematopoietic stem cells and megakaryocytic progenitors by stimulating its cognate receptor, Mpl. We screened 50,000 chemical libraries to find the lead compound which stimulates human leukemia cell line, UT-7/TPO expressing Mpl. NIP-004 is a novel synthetic compound which displays human (Hu) Mpl agonistic activity. NIP-004 stimulated proliferation of HuMpl-expressing cell lines such as UT-7/TPO and UT-7/EPO-HuMpl, but not murine (Mu) Mpl-expressing cell lines. NIP-004 induced megakaryocytic colonies from human CD34+ cells, but not mouse or cynomolgus monkey cells. These observations indicate that NIP-004 displays strict species specificity. We thus created a new xenotransplantation model to evaluate in vivo efficacy of NIP-004 for human megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis. We used immunodeficient NOD/SCID/γcnull (NOG) mice as recipients, as this line displays high potency to reconstitute human hematopoiesis. NOG mice transplanted human cord blood-derived CD34+ cells were treated with NIP-004 at a dose of 30 mg/kg/day s.c. for 2 weeks. After treatment with NIP-004, we observed 1.5-fold increase of HuCD45+CD34+CD41a+ megakaryoblasts and 3-fold increase of HuCD41a+ 128N matured polyploid megakaryocytes in murine bone marrow (BM). NIP-004 increased the circulating HuCD41a+ platelets by 4-fold at day 14 with statistically significant differences. NIP-004 did not influence the total number of nucleated cells or MuCD41+ megakaryocytes, supporting its species specificity in vivo. The percentage of human HuCD45+CD34+ cells in murine BM was not altered by NIP-004. NIP-004 did not influence the total number (mixed human and murine) of red blood cells, platelets and white blood cells. The number of MuCD41+ platelets and chimerism of HuCD45+ leucocytes in the peripheral blood were not altered by NIP-004 administration. Furthermore, NIP-004 did not influence the percentage of HuCD19+ B lymphoid, HuCD3+ T lymphoid or HuCD33+ myeloid cells among circulating HuCD45+ cells. Immunoelectron microscopic analysis demonstrated that the morphology of HuCD41a+ platelets in NIP-004-treated xenotranplanted mice was indistinguishable from normal human peripheral platelets. We also confirmed that ADP stimulation induced the surface expression of CD62P and the active form of gpIIb-IIIa in HuCD41a+ platelets from NIP-004-treated xenotransplanted mice at almost the same rate as vehicle-treated mice. In conclusion, NIP-004 possesses HuMpl agonistic activity that was confirmed by the proliferation of various TPO-responsive cell lines and primary human hematopoietic progenitor cells. NIP-004 stimulated human megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis in a xenotransplant animal model. These results indicated NIP-004 has strong potential for clinical development as a new treatment for thrombocytopenia.
A novel approach to simulate the effect of optical proximity on MOSFET parametric yield (2003)

A simulation procedure to quantify the effect of process variations of mask making and photolithography on MOSFET performance and parametric yield is proposed. Dense layout of 0.16 /spl mu/m six-transistor SRAM cell was used. Firstly, the accuracy of optical proximity correction (OPC) of gate layout was verified by two-step simulation of mask and photoresist pattern. This was followed by the extraction of channel length dependent MOSFET drive current for the different OPC serif and misalignment options within the corresponding process latitudes. Finally, parametric yield was simulated based on statistical distributions of MOSFET parameters.
Effect of oxygen concentration on the kinetics of thermal donor formation in silicon at temperatures between 350 and 500 °C (1993)

Early measurements of the initial rate of thermal donor formation in Czochralski silicon at 450 °C revealed a dependency on the fourth power of the oxygen concentration. This result has led to the view that the core of the defects contained four oxygen atoms. We now show that this dependency is observed only for anneals close to 450 °C. Our results indicate that oxygen dimerization controls the thermal donor formation kinetics but that the dimers become increasingly unstable above 400 °C.
Optimal Energy Management and Sizing of a Battery--Supercapacitor-Based Light Rail Vehicle With a Multiobjective Approach (2016)

In this paper, an optimal energy management strategy (EMS) for a light rail vehicle with an onboard energy storage system (ESS) combining batteries (BT) and supercapacitors (SC) is presented. The optimal operating targets for the proposed EMS and ESS sizing (BT+SC) are obtained by multiobjective (MO) optimization with genetic algorithms. The MO fitness function is expressed in economic terms and includes the cost of the energy absorbed from the catenary, as well as the operating cost of the BT and SC pack (initial investment and cycling cost). The case study selected is the tramway of Seville. The aim is to minimize the daily operating cost of the tramway, taking into account the fulfillment of the tramway performance in the catenary-less zone and the BT-SC degradation by cycling during operation. Furthermore, a sizing analysis is done by comparing the current scenario (SC-based) with the proposed approach (optimal EMS and sizing) in terms of daily operating cost reduction.