gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Video-based eyetracking methods and algorithms in head-mounted displays (2006)

Head pose is utilized to approximate a user's line-of-sight for real-time image rendering and interaction in most of the 3D visualization applications using head-mounted displays (HMD). The eye often reaches an object of interest before the completion of most head movements. It is highly desirable to integrate eye-tracking capability into HMDs in various applications. While the added complexity of an eyetracked-HMD (ET-HMD) imposes challenges on designing a compact, portable, and robust system, the integration offers opportunities to improve eye tracking accuracy and robustness. In this paper, based on the modeling of an eye imaging and tracking system, we examine the challenges and identify parametric requirements for video-based pupil-glint tracking methods in an ET-HMD design, and predict how these parameters may affect the tracking accuracy, resolution, and robustness. We further present novel methods and associated algorithms that effectively improve eye-tracking accuracy and extend the tracking range.
Cytochrome c oxidase of mammals contains a testes‐specific isoform of subunit VIb—the counterpart to testes‐specific cytochrome c? (2003)

Sperm motility is highly dependent on aerobic energy metabolism, of which the apparent rate-limiting step of the mitochondrial respiratory chain is catalyzed by cytochrome c oxidase (COX). COX is the only electron transport chain complex to display isoforms, consistent with its suggested rate-limiting role. Isoforms were previously described for four of the 13 subunits. We now report the discovery that COX subunit VIb displays a testes-specific isoform in human, bull, rat, and mouse (COX VIb-2). Analysis of a variety of rat and mouse tissues, including ovaries, demonstrates exclusive expression of VIb-2 in testes, whereas VIb-1 transcripts are absent in rodent testes, even at early developmental stages. In contrast, both isoforms are transcribed in human testes. In situ hybridizations with human, rat, and mouse testes sections reveal VIb-2 transcripts in all testicular cell types. Within the seminiferous tubules, VIb-1 shows stronger signals in the periphery than in the lumen. Previously, cytochrome c was the only component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain known to express a testes-specific isoform in mammals. COX subunit VIb connects the two COX monomers into the physiological dimeric form, and is the only COX subunit that, like cytochrome c, is solely located in the inter-membrane space. Significant differences between the isoform sequences, in particular changes in charged amino acids, suggest interactions with cytochrome c and sperm-specific energy requirements.
Printed embedded data graphical user interfaces (2001)

In a graphical user interface (GUI), interaction is based upon selection and action at positions in the graphical display, guided by graphical content and the user's intent. Printed embedded data GUIs (PEDGUIs) generalize the interaction domain to images and objects in order to enable interaction with passive objects and active displays throughout the user environment. The interface can be almost any object. The selection and control tool is an image capture device. The embedded data helps to establish the selection location and gesture, as well as the identity or context of the chosen substrate and links to other resources. Even in the case of multiple active and passive display substrates, the GUI system captures and interprets user interactions throughout the workspace. DataGlyph technology, based on self-clocking glyph code, is a particularly efiective and flexible encoding technology for embedded data GUIs.
Engineering gene expression and protein synthesis by modulation of nuclear shape (2002)

The current understanding of the relationships between cell shape, intracellular forces and signaling, nuclear shape and organization, and gene expression is in its infancy. Here we introduce a method for investigating gene-specific responses in individual cells with controlled nuclear shape and projected area. The shape of the nuclei of primary osteogenic cells were controlled on microfabricated substrata with regiospecific chemistry by confining attachment and spreading of isolated cells on adhesive islands. Gene expression and protein synthesis were altered by changing nuclear shape. Collagen I synthesis correlated directly with cell shape and nuclear shape index (NSI), where intermediate values of nuclear distension (6 < NSI < 8) promoted maximum synthesis. Osteocalcin mRNA, a bone-specific differentiation marker, was observed intracellularly by using reverse transcription in situ PCR at 4 days in cells constrained by the pattern and not detected in unconstrained cells of similar projected area, but different NSI. Our data supports the concept of gene expression and protein synthesis based on optimal distortion of the nucleus, possibly altering transcription factor affinity for DNA, transport to the nucleus, or nuclear matrix organization. The combination of microfabricated surfaces, reverse transcription in situ PCR, and NSI measurement is an excellent system to study how transcription factors, the nuclear matrix, and the cytoskeleton interact to control gene expression and may be useful for studying a wide variety of other cell shape/gene expression relationships.
Aldohexuronic Acid Catabolism by a Soil Aeromonas (1969)

Bacteria which utilize mannuronic acid as an energy source were isolated from nature. One of the organisms, identified as a member of the genus Aeromonas, used glucuronate, galacturonate, and mannuronate as the sole source of carbon and energy. Glucuronate- and galacturonate-grown resting cells oxidized both glucuronate and galacturonate rapidly, but mannuronate slowly. Mannuronate-grown cells oxidized all three rapidly, with the rate of mannuronate utilization somewhat lower. Cell-free extracts from glucuronate-, galacturonate-, and mannuronate-grown Aeromonas C11-2B contained glucuronate and galacturonate isomerases, fructuronate, tagaturonate, and mannuronate reductases, and mannonate and altronate dehydratases, with the exception of glucuronate-grown cells which lacked altronate dehydratase. Thus, the pathway for glucuronate and galacturonate catabolism for Aeromonas was identical to Escherichia coli. Glucuronate and galacturonate were isomerized to d-fructuronate and d-tagaturonate which were then reduced by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to d-mannonate and d-altronate, respectively. The hexonic acids were dehydrated to 2-keto-3-deoxy gluconate which was phosphorylated by adenosine triphosphate to 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phospho gluconate. The latter was then cleaved to pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. Mannuronate was reduced directly to d-mannonate by a reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-linked oxidoreductase. d-Mannonate was then further broken down as in the glucuronate pathway. The mannuronate reducing enzyme, for which the name d-mannonate:nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) oxidoreductase (d-mannuronate-forming) was proposed, was shown to be distinct from altronate and mannoate oxidoreductases. This is the first report of a bacterial oxidoreductase which reduces an aldohexuronic acid to a hexonic acid. The enzyme should prove to be a useful analytical tool for determining mannuronate in the presence of other uronic acids.
Phase I trial of continuous infusion flavopiridol, a novel cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, in patients with refractory neoplasms. (1998)

The MTD of infusional flavopiridol is 50 mg/m2/d x 3 with dose-limiting secretory diarrhea at 62.5 mg/m2/d x 3. With ADP, 78 mg/m2/d x 3 was the MTD, with dose-limiting hypotension at 98 mg/m2/d x 3. Based on chronic tolerability, 50 mg/m2/d x 3 is the recommended phase II dose without ADP. Antitumor effect was observed in certain patients with renal, prostate, and colon cancer, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Concentrations of flavopiridol (200 to 400 nM) needed for cyclin-dependent kinase inhibition in preclinical models were achieved safely.
Signaling in Innate Immunity and Inflammation (2012)

Inflammation is triggered when innate immune cells detect infection or tissue injury. Surveillance mechanisms involve pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on the cell surface and in the cytoplasm. Most PRRs respond to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or host-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) by triggering activation of NF-κB, AP1, CREB, c/EBP, and IRF transcription factors. Induction of genes encoding enzymes, chemokines, cytokines, adhesion molecules, and regulators of the extracellular matrix promotes the recruitment and activation of leukocytes, which are critical for eliminating foreign particles and host debris. A subset of PRRs activates the protease caspase-1, which causes maturation of the cytokines IL1β and IL18. Cell adhesion molecules and chemokines facilitate leukocyte extravasation from the circulation to the affected site, the chemokines stimulating G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Binding initiates signals that regulate leukocyte motility and effector functions. Other triggers of inflammation include allergens, which form antibody complexes that stimulate Fc receptors on mast cells. Although the role of inflammation is to resolve infection and injury, increasing evidence indicates that chronic inflammation is a risk factor for cancer.
Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Vol. II. (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEncyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Vol. II.Raymond E. Kirk, Donald F. Othmer, and Charles A. MannCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1949, 53, 4, 591Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1949https://doi.org/10.1021/j150469a016Request reuse permissions Article Views776Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A 2-V, 1-10 GHz BiCMOS transceiver chip for multimode wireless communications networks (1997)

This paper concerns the design consideration, fabrication process, and performance results for an ultra-broadband, low-voltage, low-power, BiCMOS-based transceiver chip for cellular-satellite-LAN wireless communication networks. The transceiver chip incorporates an RF amplifier, a Gilbert down-mixer, and an IF amplifier in the receive path, and an IF amplifier, a Gilbert up-mixer, and an RF amplifier in the transmit path. For an RF frequency in the 1-10 GHz band and an IF frequency in the 100-1000 MHz band, the developed transceiver chip consumes less than 60 mW at 2 V, to yield a downconversion gain of 40 dB at 1 GHz and 10 dB at 10 GHz and an upconversion gain of 42 dB at 1 GHz and 11 dB at 10 GHz. To avoid possible start-up problems caused during "stand-by" to "enable" mode transition, a simple switching technique is employed for enabling either the receive or the transmit path, by changing the value of a reference voltage applied to both the down- and the up-mixers. While the developed transceiver chip exhibits the best performance for a dc supply voltage of 2 V, it shows a graceful degradation for a /spl plusmn/0.15 V voltage deviation. The transceiver's chip size is 1.04 mm/spl times/1.04 mm.
Broadband and wide field of view foveated imaging system in space (2008)

A new kind of optical remote camera with wide field of view in space is presented, which can work in broad wave bands with all-reflective optical systems. Microelectromechanical system deformable mirrors create a variety of image quality across the entire field of view and dynamically correct all the geometrical aberrations at any field angle. After correction, the performance of the system is close to the diffraction limit. The off-axis optical system with three mirrors is introduced to simplify and miniaturize the optical system. The variable resolution is used to reduce the difficulty of the high-resolution large-aperture reflective system and to minimize the bandwidth requirements for data transmission.
LC 2 : Limited contention level converter for robust wide-range voltage conversion (2011)

We propose a robust single-stage static level converter called LC2 that uses a pulsed control strategy to avoid contention. It reliably converts from 0.3V to 2.5V across wide PVT ranges. Fabricated in 130nm CMOS, 80 measured converters have an average delay of 2.38FO4 and 229fJ switching energy, marking 3.0× and 7.4× improvements over the best prior work. It consumes 475pW static power.
Identification of an α3β1 Integrin Recognition Sequence in Thrombospondin-1 (1999)

A synthetic peptide containing amino acid residues 190-201 of thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) promoted adhesion of MDA-MB-435 breast carcinoma cells when immobilized and inhibited adhesion of the same cells to TSP1 when added in solution. Adhesion to this peptide was enhanced by a beta(1) integrin-activating antibody, Mn(2+), and insulin-like growth factor I and was inhibited by an alpha(3)beta(1) integrin function-blocking antibody. The soluble peptide inhibited adhesion of cells to the immobilized TSP1 peptide or spreading on intact TSP1 but at the same concentrations did not inhibit attachment or spreading on type IV collagen or fibronectin. Substitution of several residues in the TSP1 peptide with Ala residues abolished or diminished the inhibitory activity of the peptide in solution, but only substitution of Arg-198 completely inactivated the adhesive activity of the immobilized peptide. The essential residues for activity of the peptide as a soluble inhibitor are Asn-196, Val-197, and Arg-198, but flanking residues enhance the inhibitory activity of this core sequence, either by altering the conformation of the active sequence or by interacting with the integrin. This functional sequence is conserved in all known mammalian TSP1 sequences and in TSP1 from Xenopus laevis. The TSP1 peptide also inhibited adhesion of MDA-MB-435 cells to the laminin-1 peptide GD6, which contains a potential integrin-recognition sequence Asn-Leu-Arg and is derived from a similar position in a pentraxin module. Adhesion studies using recombinant TSP1 fragments also localized beta1 integrin-dependent adhesion to residues 175-242 of this region, which contain the active sequence.
Regioselective O-Alkylations of Indazolinone Using (Cyanomethylene)triphenylphosphorane (2009)

Regioselective O-alkylation of indazolinones using (cyanomethylene)-triphenthylphosphorane (CMPP) as a Mitsunobu-type reagent is described with a variety of aliphatic alcohols. This method was also successfully applied to the N-alkylation of O-protected indazolinone. Selective N1 and N2 alkylations on indazolinone have previously been described; our methodology is therefore orthogonal to the previous precedent.
The influence of seeding conditions and shielding gas atmosphere on the synthesis of silver nanowires through the polyol process (2005)

The polyol process including the introduction of preformed seeds and the inducement of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) has been developed as a powerful approach for synthesizing silver nanowires. Here, silver nanowires without other metal elements as impurities were synthesized through a silver seeding polyol process in a shielding gas atmosphere. It is demonstrated that the first seeding step is critical in obtaining silver nanowires as the principal product, and we also observe that the shielding gas atmosphere not only improves the repeatability of experiments but also affects the morphology of the final product. We obtained nanocubes with hydrogen gas shielding in a short reaction time; these would scarcely appear with argon or air shielding. Our work supplies new evidence to explain the actual growth mechanism of silver nanowires.
Nitrobenzyl ester chemistry for polymer processes involving chemical amplification (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNitrobenzyl ester chemistry for polymer processes involving chemical amplificationF. M. Houlihan, A. Shugard, R. Gooden, and E. ReichmanisCite this: Macromolecules 1988, 21, 7, 2001–2006Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00185a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00185a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views661Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Handwritten Character Extraction Algorithm for Multi-language Document Image (2011)

In this paper, we propose a novel method for extracting handwritten characters from multi-language document images, which may contain various types of characters, e.g. Chinese, English, Japanese or their mixture. Firstly, text patches in document image are segmented based on connected component analysis. Rules for merging connected components are chosen according to the results of language identification. Then features are extracted for each basic analysis unit-text patch. Genetic algorithm is applied for feature fusion and patch type classification. Finally, a Markov Random Field model is utilized as a post-processing step to further correct the misclassification of text patch type by considering the document context. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can apparently improve the performance of handwritten character extraction.
Increased uptake of iodide by hormone‐responsive compared to hormone‐independent mammary tumors in GR mice (1976)

The uptake of 125-iodide by transplanted hormone-responsive (HR) or hormone-independent (HI) mammary tumors, normal mammary tissue and skeletal muscle was compared in GR mice. The uptake of 125-iodide by HR mammary tumors in mice treated with progesterone and oestrone (P+O) was about 20 times greater than the uptake of 125-iodide by HI mammary tumors in mice not treated with P+O. This difference in uptake of 125-iodide by HR and HI mammary tumors could not be attributed to the difference in the hormonal status of the mice since uptake of 125-iodide was also low in HI tumors in mice receiving P+O treatment. The uptake of 125-iodide by HR mammary tumors was greatly reduced by the simultaneous injection of either an excess of non-radioactive iodide or of perchlorate. Uptake of 125-iodide by normal mammary tissue and skeletal muscle was similar was similar in all groups of tumor bearing mice, and was not influenced by the presence of an excess of non-radioactive iodide or of perchlorate. The possible clinical significance of these findings is discussed.
Reconfigurable antenna challenges for future radio systems (2009)

Future radio systems, such as software defined radio and cognitive radio concepts give rise to significant challenges for antenna design and in particular reconfigurable antenna design. Whilst there are many possible ways in which such systems could be configured, this paper discusses some of the range of possible antenna requirements, and some design approaches are outlined. Demonstrator antennas are described. Results for three antennas, suitable for small and medium sized terminals, are given, in which integration into a single antenna of wideband and narrowband functionality, necessary for search and operation respectively, is achieved. The design of an array with band switching, which may be useful in system base stations that require both spatial and spectral discrimination, is also discussed.
Proton 2D NMR and distance geometry study of the folding of Ecballium elaterium trypsin inhibitor, a member of the squash inhibitors family (1989)

The solution conformation of synthetic Ecballium elaterium trypsin inhibitor II, a 28-residue peptide with 3 disulfide bridges, has been studied by 1H 2D NMR measurements. Secondary structure elements were determined: a miniantiparallel beta-sheet Met 7-Cys 9 and Gly 25-Cys 27, a beta-hairpin 20-28 with beta-turn 22-25, and two tight turns Asp 12-Cys 15 and Leu 16-Cys 19. A set of interproton distance restraints deduced from two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectra and 13 phi backbone torsion angles restraints were used as the basis of three-dimensional structure computations including disulfide bridges arrangement by using distance geometry calculations. Computations for the 15 possible S-S linkage combinations lead to the proposal of the array 2-19, 9-21, 15-27 as the most probable structure for EETI II.
PGC-1α regulates a HIF2α-dependent switch in skeletal muscle fiber types (2010)

The coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 α (PGC-1α) coordinates a broad set of transcriptional programs that regulate the response of skeletal muscle to exercise. However, the complete transcriptional network controlled by PGC-1α has not been described. In this study, we used a qPCR-based screen of all known transcriptional components (Quanttrx) to identify transcription factors that are quantitatively regulated by PGC-1α in cultured skeletal muscle cells. This analysis identified hypoxia-inducible factor 2 α (HIF2α) as a major PGC-1α target in skeletal muscle that is positively regulated by both exercise and β-adrenergic signaling. This transcriptional regulation of HIF2α is completely dependent on the PGC-1α/ERRα complex and is further modulated by the action of SIRT1. Transcriptional profiling of HIF2α target genes in primary myotubes suggested an unexpected role for HIF2α in the regulation of muscle fiber types, specifically enhancing the expression of a slow twitch gene program. The PGC-1α-mediated switch to slow, oxidative fibers in vitro is dependent on HIF2α, and mice with a muscle-specific knockout of HIF2α increase the expression of genes and proteins characteristic of a fast-twitch fiber-type switch. These data indicate that HIF2α acts downstream of PGC-1α as a key regulator of a muscle fiber-type program and the adaptive response to exercise.