gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of costimulatory molecules in autoimmunity. (2000)

The precise mechanisms by which self-reactive T cells are activated and tolerance to self-antigens is broken are still not fully understood. It is widely accepted that dysregulation of costimulation contributes to the initiation and maintenance of autoimmunity due to activation of self-reactive T cells. Many of the costimulatory molecules thought to be essential for T cell activation have been identified. The CD28/CD152 (CTLA-4)-CD80/CD86 and CD40-CD154 (CD40 ligand) interactions are such receptor/ligand pairs that have been shown to be important in interactions between antigen-presenting cells and T cells. In vivo studies using costimulatory molecule-specific antibodies and fusion proteins and genetically manipulated animals have greatly increased our understanding of the role of these costimulatory molecules in the regulation of cellular processes that lead to autoimmunity and resultant autoimmune diseases.
Layer thickness dependence of CPP giant magnetoresistance in individualCoNi∕Cumultilayer nanowires grown by electrodeposition (2007)

Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect of $\mathrm{Co}\mathrm{Ni}∕\mathrm{Cu}$ nanowires grown by electrodeposition using an array of parallel through holes in anodized alumina membranes was studied in the current-perpendicular-to-plane (CPP) geometry as a function of the CoNi and Cu layer thicknesses. The CPP-GMR measurements were carried out by making a point contact with individual nanowires using a metallic plunger tip. In the range of the CoNi layer thickness ${t}_{\mathrm{Co}\mathrm{Ni}}=2--510\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ and that of the Cu layer thickness ${t}_{\mathrm{Cu}}=4.2--42\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$, the maximum value of CPP-GMR change observed in the $\mathrm{Co}\mathrm{Ni}∕\mathrm{Cu}$ nanowires was 23% at room temperature. The variation of the CPP-GMR with ${t}_{\mathrm{Co}\mathrm{Ni}}$ at fixed ${t}_{\mathrm{Cu}}$ and that with ${t}_{\mathrm{Cu}}$ at fixed ${t}_{\mathrm{Co}\mathrm{Ni}}$ is discussed in terms of the series-resistor model and the Valet-Fert model for CPP-GMR. The effects of various factors such as superparamagnetism in very thin CoNi layers and dipole-dipole interactions between CoNi layers on the CPP-GMR of $\mathrm{Co}\mathrm{Ni}∕\mathrm{Cu}$ nanowires are also discussed.
Parallel Identification of O-GlcNAc-Modified Proteins from Cell Lysates (2004)

We report a new strategy for the parallel identification of O-GlcNAc-glycosylated proteins from cell lysates. The approach permits specific proteins of interest to be rapidly interrogated for the modification in any tissue or cell type and can be extended to peptides to facilitate the mapping of glycosylation sites. As an illustration of the approach, we identified four new O-GlcNAc-glycosylated proteins of low cellular abundance (c-Fos, c-Jun, ATF-1, and CBP) and two short regions of glycosylation in the enzyme O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). The ability to target specific proteins across various tissue or cell types complements emerging proteomic technologies and should advance our understanding of this important posttranslational modification.
Supercritical fluid extraction of a lignocellulosic hydrolysate of spruce for detoxification and to facilitate analysis of inhibitors (2002)

This work describes a novel approach to detoxify lignocellulosic hydrolysates and facilitate the analysis of inhibitory compounds, namely supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). The efficiency of the fermentation of lignocellulosic dilute-acid hydrolysates depends upon the composition of the hydrolysate and the organism used. Furthermore, it has been shown that inhibitors in the hydrolysate reduce the fermentation yield. This knowledge has given rise to the need to identify and remove the inhibiting compounds. Sample clean-up or work-up steps, to provide a clean and concentrated sample for the analytical system, facilitate the characterization of inhibitors, or indeed any compound in the hydrolysates. Removal of inhibitors was performed with countercurrent flow supercritical fluid extraction of liquid hydrolysates. Three different groups of inhibitors (furan derivatives, phenolic compounds, and aliphatic acids) and sugars were subsequently analyzed in the hydrolysate, extracted hydrolysate, and extract. The effect of the SFE treatment was examined with respect to fermentability with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Not only did the extraction provide a clean and concentrated sample (extract) for analysis, but also a hydrolysate with increased fermentability as well as lower concentrations of inhibitors such as phenolics and furan derivatives.
Sphingosine-1-Phosphate as a Ligand for the G Protein-Coupled Receptor EDG-1 (1998)

The sphingolipid metabolite sphingosine-1-phosphate (SPP) has been implicated as a second messenger in cell proliferation and survival. However, many of its biological effects are due to binding to unidentified receptors on the cell surface. SPP activated the heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein)-coupled orphan receptor EDG-1, originally cloned as Endothelial Differentiation Gene-1. EDG-1 bound SPP with high affinity (dissociation constant = 8.1 nM) and high specificity. Overexpression of EDG-1 induced exaggerated cell-cell aggregation, enhanced expression of cadherins, and formation of well-developed adherens junctions in a manner dependent on SPP and the small guanine nucleotide binding protein Rho.
Hacia una etnografía doblemente reflexiva: Una propuesta desde la antropología de la interculturalidad (2011)

Partiendo del debate actual sobre la metodología etnográfica en antropología, este trabajo analiza cómo en el proceso de interculturalización educativa surgen nuevas opciones metodológicas y cómo estas pueden retroalimentar, rejuvenecer y descolonizar la clásica etnografía antropológica. El contraste entre una antropología postmoderna y de tendencia “academicista”, por un lado, y una etnografía activista y militante, por otro, revela posibilidades de complementar fructíferamente el compromiso social y político con el canon clásico de la etnografía, lo cual aquí demostramos para el ámbito de los estudios interculturales y lo que se está dando por llamar la naciente antropología de la interculturalidad. La resultante “etnografía doblemente reflexiva” completa la concatenación de perspectivas emic y etic con una perspectiva dialéctica y estructural emic-etic, que es particularmente aplicable al estudio de instituciones y organizaciones, cuyos actores co-refl exionan sobre el mismo proceso de investigación junto con el/la antropólogo/a. Esta propuesta desemboca por último en un modelo heurístico tridimensional que concatena dimensiones semánticas, pragmáticas y sintácticas del quehacer etnográfi co y que es particularmente útil en contextos “inter-culturales”, “inter-lingües” e “inter-actorales”.
Activation of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Modulates the Voltage-Gated Sustained Calcium Current in a Teleost Horizontal Cell (1999)

In the teleost retina, cone horizontal cells contain a voltage-activated sustained calcium current, which has been proposed to be involved in visual processing. Recently, several studies have demonstrated that modulation of voltage-gated channels can occur through activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). Because glutamate is the excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate retina, we have used whole cell electrophysiological techniques to examine the effect of mGluR activation on the sustained voltage-gated calcium current found in isolated cone horizontal cells in the catfish retina. In pharmacological conditions that blocked voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels, as well as N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA channels, application of L-glutamate or 1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (1S,3R-ACPD) to voltage-clamped cone horizontal cells acted to increase the amplitude of the calcium current, expand the activation range of the calcium current by 10 mV into the cell's physiological operating range, and shift the peak calcium current by -5 mV. To identify and characterize the mGluR subtypes found on catfish cone horizontal cells, agonists of group I, group II, or group III mGluRs were applied via perfusion. Group I and group III mGluR agonists mimicked the effect of L-glutamate or 1S,3R-ACPD, whereas group II mGluR agonists had no effect on L-type calcium current activity. Inhibition studies demonstrated that group I mGluR antagonists significantly blocked the modulatory effect of the group I mGluR agonist, (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine. Similar results were obtained when the group III mGluR agonist, L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid, was applied in the presence of a group III mGluR antagonist. These results provide evidence for two groups of mGluR subtypes on catfish cone horizontal cells. Activation of these mGluRs is linked to modulation of the voltage-gated sustained calcium current.
Prevention of Barite Sag in Oil-Based Drilling Fluids Using a Mixture of Barite and Ilmenite as Weighting Material (2019)

Drilling high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) wells requires a special fluid formulation that is capable of controlling the high pressure and is stable under the high downhole temperature. Barite-weighted fluids are common for such purpose because of the good properties of barite, its low cost, and its availability. However, solids settlement is a major problem encountered with this type of fluids, especially at elevated downhole temperatures. This phenomenon is known as barite sag, and it is encountered in vertical and directional wells under static or dynamic conditions leading to serious well control issues. This study aims to evaluate the use of barite-ilmenite mixture as a weighting agent to prevent solids sag in oil-based muds at elevated temperatures. Sag test was conducted under static conditions (vertical and inclined) at 350 °F and under dynamic conditions at 120 °F to determine the optimum ilmenite concentration. Afterward, a complete evaluation of the drilling fluid was performed by monitoring density, electrical stability, rheological and viscoelastic properties, and filtration performance to study the impact of adding ilmenite on drilling fluid performance. The results of this study showed that adding ilmenite reduces sag tendency, and only 40 wt.% ilmenite (from the total weighting material) was adequate to eliminate barite sag under both static and dynamic conditions with a sag factor of around 0.51. Adding ilmenite enhanced the rheological and viscoelastic properties and the suspension of solid particles in the drilling fluid, which confirmed sag test results. Adding ilmenite slightly increased the density of the drilling fluid, with a slight decrease in the electrical stability within the acceptable range of field applications. Moreover, a minor improvement in the filtration performance of the drilling fluid and filter cake sealing properties was observed with the combined weighting agent. The findings of this study provide a practical solution to the barite sag issue in oil-based fluids using a combination of barite and ilmenite powder as a weighting agent to drill HPHT oil and gas wells safely and efficiently with such type of fluids.
Potent activity of soluble B7-IgG fusion proteins in therapy of established tumors and as vaccine adjuvant. (1999)

Fusion proteins consisting of the extracellular region of murine B7.1 or B7.2 and the Fc portion of murine IgG2a (B7-IgG) were evaluated for their ability to promote antitumor responses. Therapeutic administration of soluble B7-IgG in mice with established tumors induced complete regression of the tumor and increased the survival of mice. In three models, MethA, P815, and MB49, mice with 7-day-old established tumors were cured with two to three treatment cycles of B7-IgG, given twice a week. Even in mice with an established B16/F10 tumor (a poorly immunogenic melanoma), therapeutic treatment with B7-IgG alone slowed tumor growth and increased survival significantly. Still stronger antitumor activity was achieved when B7-IgG was used as a vaccine adjuvant mixed with irradiated tumor cells. In 80% of mice with 7-day-old B16 tumors, tumors regressed completely, and mice survived for at least 80 days. In all tumor models, B7.1-IgG and B7.2-IgG had similar antitumor activity. B7-IgG-mediated tumor rejection was dependent on T cells, specifically CD8 cells, as demonstrated by the failure of B7-IgG to induce tumor regression in severe combined immunodeficient or CD8-depleted mice. In addition, mice that were cured of an established tumor were protected against a rechallenge with the same tumor for at least 4 months, suggesting the generation of memory responses. Surprisingly, the antitumor activity of B7-IgG was independent of IFN-gamma, as demonstrated by tumor rejection in IFN-gamma knockout mice. Our findings demonstrate the potent capacity of B7-IgG to generate or enhance antitumor immune responses and suggest the clinical value of B7-IgG.
BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE PROTEIN HORMONES (1960)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Evaluating expertise recommendations (2001)

Finding a person who has the expertise to solve a specific problem is an important application of recommender systems to a difficult organizational problem. Prior systems have made attempts to implement solutions to this problem, but few systems have undergone systematic user evaluation. This work describes a systematic evaluation of the Expertise Recommender (ER), a system that recommends people who are likely to have expertise in a specific problem. ER and the organizational context for which it was designed are described to provide a basis for understanding this evaluation. Prior to conducting the evaluation, a baseline experiment showed that people are relatively good at judging coworkers' expertise when given an appropriate context. This finding provides a way to demonstrate the effectiveness of ER by comparing ER's performance to ratings by coworkers. The evaluation, the design, and results are described in detail. The results suggest that the participants agree with the recommendations made by ER, and that ER significantly outperforms other expertise recommender systems when compared using similar metrics.
Residual Maximum Likelihood (REML) Estimation of a Neighbour Model for Field Experiments (1987)

A spatial analysis of field experiments is proposed which takes account of association between neighbouring plots. The residual maximum likelihood (REML) method of Patterson and Thompson (1971, Biometrika 58, 545-554) is used to estimate parameters of a general neighbour model, which can be expressed as an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model. Three data sets are analysed to (i) highlight the need for a model selection procedure, (ii) illustrate the differing results between incomplete block and neighbour analysis and the effect of including treated border plots in the design, and (iii) illustrate the environmental variation within an experiment using prediction of trend.
A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway promotes translocation of Mdm2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus (2001)

The Mdm2 oncoprotein promotes cell survival and cell cycle progression by inhibiting the p53 tumor suppressor protein. To regulate p53, Mdm2 must gain nuclear entry, and the mechanism that induces this is now identified. Mitogen-induced activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) and its downstream target, the Akt/PKB serine-threonine kinase, results in phosphorylation of Mdm2 on serine 166 and serine 186. Phosphorylation on these sites is necessary for translocation of Mdm2 from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. Pharmacological blockade of PI3-kinase/Akt signaling or expression of dominant-negative PI3-kinase or Akt inhibits nuclear entry of Mdm2, increases cellular levels of p53, and augments p53 transcriptional activity. Expression of constitutively active Akt promotes nuclear entry of Mdm2, diminishes cellular levels of p53, and decreases p53 transcriptional activity. Mutation of the Akt phosphorylation sites in Mdm2 produces a mutant protein that is unable to enter the nucleus and increases p53 activity. The demonstration that PI3-kinase/Akt signaling affects Mdm2 localization provides insight into how this pathway, which is inappropriately activated in many malignancies, affects the function of p53.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: lessons from AIDS and natalizumab (2006)

The dramatic increase in the incidence of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) that occurred as a consequence of the AIDS pandemic and the recent association of PML with the administration of natalizumab, a monoclonal antibody to alpha4 integrin that blocks inflammatory cell entry into the brain, has stimulated a great deal of interest in this previously obscure viral demyelinating disease. The etiology of this disorder is JC virus (JCV), a polyoma virus, observed in 80% of the population worldwide. Seroepidemiological studies indicate that infection with this virus typically occurs before the age of 20 years. No primary illness owing to JCV infection has been recognized and the means of spread from person to person remains obscure. Following infection, the virus becomes latent in bone marrow, spleen, tonsils and other tissues. Periodically the virus reactivates during which time it can be demonstrated in circulating peripheral lymphocytes. The latter is significantly more commonly observed in immunosuppressed populations than that in normal subjects. Despite the large pool of people infected with JCV, PML remains a relatively rare disease. It is seldom observed in the absence of an underlying predisposing illness, typically one that results in impaired cellular immunity. A variety of factors are likely responsible for the unique increase in frequency of PML in HIV infection relative to other underling immunosuppressive disorders. Preliminary data suggests that natalizumab appears to distinctively predispose recipients to PML relative to other infectious complications. Studies in these populations will be invaluable in understanding the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis.
Portable current stimulator for transdermal iontophoretic drug delivery (1995)

A pulse stimulator was designed. It is small sized (3 x 2 cm printed circuit board) and battery-powered (185 microA total static current). The current intensity and pulse duration of this device can be continuously varied. Preliminary trials of lidocaine show that this device is usable for transdermal drug delivery and may be valuable for portable applications.
Discovery of [1,2,3]Triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine Derivatives as Novel LSD1 Inhibitors (2017)

Lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) plays a pivotal role in regulating the lysine methylation. The aberrant overexpression of LSD1 has been reported to be involved in the progression of certain human malignant tumors. Abrogation of LSD1 with RNAi or small molecule inhibitors may lead to the inhibition of cancer proliferation and migration. Herein, a series of [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-<i>d</i>]pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their LSD1 inhibitory effects. The structure-activity relationship studies (SARs) were conducted by exploring three regions of this scaffold, leading to the discovery of compound <b>27</b> as potent LSD1 inhibitor (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.564 μM). Compound <b>27</b> was identified as a reversible LSD1 inhibitor and showed certain selectivity to LSD1 over monoamine oxidase A/B (MAO-A/B). When MGC-803 cells were treated with compound <b>27</b>, the activity of LSD1 can be significantly inhibited, and the cell migration ability was also suppressed. Docking studies indicated that the hydrogen interaction between the nitrogen atom in the pyridine ring and Met332 could be responsible for the improved activity of 2-thiopyridine series. The [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-<i>d</i>]pyrimidine scaffold can be used as the template for designing new LSD1 inhibitors.
Cloning and sequencing of cDNAs corresponding to mite major allergen Der f II. (1990)

A cDNA library corresponding to mite protein was screened employing anti-Der f II antibody. Two possible clones were obtained, which contained plasmids, pFL1 and pFL11, respectively. Both plasmids had insertions of about 500 base pairs. The DNA sequences of the two insertions were determined, from which the amino acid sequences were deduced. The amino acid sequence of the purified native Der f II protein could be determined to 45 residues from the N-terminus. As a result of comparison, we concluded that the cDNAs prepared from live mite Dermatophagoides farinae corresponded to the mite allergen, Der f II.
<title>System for the removal of impulsive noise in image sequences</title> (1992)

This paper presents a system for the restoration of image sequences that are degraded by impulsive noise such as scratches or dropouts. The proposed system uses a multilevel block matching algorithm to estimate the motion between frames and considers the use of an impulsive noise detector to improve the quality of restoration as compared to a global median operation. The detector considers the temporal continuity of motion compensated image information and makes a decision as to whether a suspected discontinuity is due to an impulsive distortion or occlusion in the sequence. When a corrupted portion of the image is detected a motion compensated median filter is used to remove the distortion. The paper introduces an extended multistage filter for image sequence processing. It is found that the use of the detector cannot adversely affect the filtered image when compared to the globally filtered image, and the detail preservation is generally better. The speed of processing is also increased since the number of median filtering operations is considerably reduced.
Down-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2: effect on in vivo mammary tumor growth and angiogenesis. (2001)

The tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) has at least two independent functions, i.e., regulation of matrix metalloproteinases and growth promoting activity. We investigated the effects of TIMP-2 overexpression, induced by retroviral mediated gene transfer, on the in vivo development of mammary tumors in syngeneic mice inoculated with EF43.fgf-4 cells. The EF43.fgf-4 cells established by stably infecting the normal mouse mammary EF43 cells with a retroviral expression vector for the fgf-4 oncogene, are highly tumorigenic and overproduce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Despite a promotion of the in vitro growth rate of EF43.fgf-4 cells overexpressing timp-2, the in vivo tumor growth was delayed. At day 17 post-cell injection, the volume of tumor derived from TIMP-2-overexpressing cells was reduced by 80% as compared with that obtained with control cells. Overexpression of TIMP-2 was associated with a down-regulation of VEGF expression in vitro and in vivo, a reduction of vessel size, density, and blood supply in the induced tumors. In addition, TIMP-2 completely inhibited the angiogenic activity of EF43.fgf-4 cell-conditioned medium in vitro using a rat aortic ring model. Our findings suggest that overexpression of TIMP-2 delays growth and angiogenesis of mammary carcinoma in vivo and that down-regulation of VEGF expression may play an important role in this TIMP-2-mediated antitumoral and antiangiogenic effects. Finally the in vivo delivery of TIMP-2, as assessed by i.v. injection of recombinant adenoviruses vectors, significantly reduced the growth of the EF43.fgf-4-induced tumors. This effect of TIMP-2 was shown to be equally comparable with that of angiostatin, a known potent inhibitor of angiogenesis.