gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isothermal Thickening and Thinning Processes in Low-Molecular-Weight Poly(ethylene oxide) Fractions Crystallized from the Melt. 8. Molecular Shape Dependence (1999)

Three- and four-arm poly(ethylene oxide) (PEOs) fractions have been synthesized to investigate the molecular shape dependence on polymer crystallization, melting, and annealing behaviors. Each arm in these star PEOs has a molecular weight (MW) of 2220 (Ma = 2220) and has been coupled using 1,3,5-benzene tricarbonyl trichloride and 1,2,4,5-benzene tetracarboxylic acid. Molecular parameters have been characterized via vapor pressure osmometry, gel permeation chromatography, light scattering, and Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy. The coupling agents containing phenylene groups act as chemical defects at the center of the molecule. Diffusion in the melt of these star PEOs as measured by nuclear magnetic resonance shows that at constant temperature the self-diffusion slows down with an increase in the number of arms. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) experiments indicate that these star PEOs possess monoclinic crystal structures identical to those of linear PEOs, implying that the coupling agents are rejected from the crystals. The overall crystallization rate of the star PEOs decreases with increasing crystallization temperature (Tc) and number of arms. On the basis of synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments, it has been found that during the initial isothermal crystallization at low undercoolings (ΔT's) the long period gradually decreases with increasing time before reaching a thickness corresponding to the summation of the thicknesses of the crystals with an extended arm length and two layers consisting of the coupling agent and the uncrystallized PEO arm. The final crystals possess the regular overall molecular conformations. At high ΔT's, the long period remains constant both during and after crystallization with no observed thinning process. Only irregular overall molecular conformations in these crystals can be expected. The dependence of the final long period on Tc, as determined by SAXS, is remarkably similar to the melting temperature response to Tc obtained via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The annealing effect has been examined for samples crystallized at 32 °C, subsequently heated to 50 °C, and isothermally annealed for various periods of time. A partial melting upon heating and recrystallization during annealing can be identified based on the combined experimental results obtained from DSC, WAXD, and SAXS methods.
Interaction of 5-methoxy-1,2,4-triazines with ureas as a new route to 6-azapurines (2000)

A tandem of SNH and SNipso reactions leading to imidazo[4,5-e]-1,2,4-trazines (6-azapurines) has been observed in the interaction of 5-methoxy-1,2,4-triazines with ureas in the presence of acylating agents.
Sinc-collocation method with orthogonalization for singular Poisson-like problems (1994)

This paper uses the Sine-collocation method to solve singular Poisson-like problems (a first- or higher-order partial derivative of the exact solution is unbounded on the boundary). A linear system is obtained which is the same as that obtained by using the Sinc-Galerkin method. With a smart choice of the stepsize and the number of the gridpoints, the orthogonalization technique is successfully applied to solve the linear system obtained, and a numerical approximation is obtained with an exponential accuracy <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper O left-parenthesis exp left-parenthesis minus c upper N Superscript one half Baseline right-parenthesis right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>exp</mml:mi> <mml:mo>⁡</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mfrac> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mfrac> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">O(\exp ( - c{N^{\frac {1}{2}}}))</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>, where <italic>N</italic> is a truncation parameter and <italic>c</italic> is a constant independent of <italic>N</italic>.
Synthesis from Examples: Interaction Models and Algorithms (2012)

Examples are often a natural way to specify various computational artifacts such as programs, queries, and sequences. Synthesizing such artifacts from example based specifications has various applications in the domains of end-user programming and intelligent tutoring systems. Synthesis from examples involves addressing two key technical challenges: (i) design of a user interaction model to deal with the inherent ambiguity in the example based specification. (ii) design of an efficient search algorithm - these algorithms have been based on paradigms from various communities including use of SAT/SMT solvers (formal methods community), version space algebras (machine learning community), and A*-style goal-directed heuristics (AI community). This paper describes some effective user interaction models and algorithmic methodologies for synthesis from examples while discussing synthesizers for a variety of artifacts ranging from tricky bit vector algorithms, spreadsheet macros for automating repetitive data manipulation tasks, ruler/compass based geometry constructions, algebraic identities, and predictive intellisense for repetitive drawings and mathematical terms.
Depletion effects in binary hard-sphere fluids (1996)

We report a molecular dynamics computation of the entropic depletion force induced between two large spheres (colloidal particles) immersed in a fluid of small spheres. The effective pair potential obtained by numerical integration of the force is used in a Monte Carlo study of the phase behaviour of the binary mixture. The simulation results are compared with the relevant theoretical predictions that follow from various integral equations for liquid mixtures. The simulations provide evidence for a spinodal instability in a liquid mixture of hard spheres with a size ratio of 0.1.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Induces Interleukin-32 Production through a Caspase- 1/IL-18/Interferon-γ-Dependent Mechanism (2006)

In conclusion, IL-32 is a cell-associated proinflammatory cytokine, which is specifically stimulated by mycobacteria through a caspase-1- and IL-18-dependent production of IFNgamma.
An energy-efficient polar transmitter for IEEE 802.15.6 body area networks: system requirements and circuit designs (2012)

This article discusses the radio system requirements and design trade-offs of a low-power 2.3/2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.6-narrowband transmitter for body area network applications. The IEEE 802.15.6 narrowband PHY adopts nonconstant envelope DPSK modulations. Transmitter architecture selection is a major challenge because it needs to provide both amplitude and phase modulation, with good efficiency and strict requirements on modulation accuracy and linearity for non-constant envelope modulations. A PLL-based polar transmitter with a Sigma-Delta digitally controlled power amplifier (ΣΔ-DPA) is employed for its excellent energy efficiency. Finally, this article discusses the circuit design considerations and implementation results. With balance between analog and digital implementation, and careful planning of the radio system, the polar transmitter presented in this article can meet all of the specifications defined in IEEE 802.15.6 with abundant margin, while having extremely low power consumption of 5.4 mW and excellent energy efficiency of 5.4 nJ/bit.
1.6-W cw coherent power from large-index-step (Δ n=0.1) antiguided laser arrays (1999)

Near-resonant antiguided arrays with large effective-index step between element and interelement regions have been developed. 2.2 X diffraction-limited beamwidth (0.67 degrees) at 1.6 W and 9 X threshold in CW operation has been achieved. 1 W power resides in the central lobe. The external differential quantum efficiency and threshold current are 40% and 0.4 A, respectively, for 1 mm-long devices of 191 micrometer emitting aperture. The power conversion efficiency at 1.6 W is 23%. The thermal lensing effect in high-index-step near-resonant antiguided array hardly affects high-order modes and therefore, about 2 X diffraction-limited beam can be maintained to high powers.
Arabidopsis JACKDAW and MAGPIE zinc finger proteins delimit asymmetric cell division and stabilize tissue boundaries by restricting SHORT-ROOT action (2007)

In the Arabidopsis root, the SHORT-ROOT transcription factor moves outward to the ground tissue from its site of transcription in the stele and is required for the specification of the endodermis and the stem cell organizing quiescent center cells. In addition, SHORT-ROOT and the downstream transcription factor SCARECROW control an oriented cell division in ground tissue stem cell daughters. Here, we show that the JACKDAW and MAGPIE genes, which encode members of a plant-specific family of zinc finger proteins, act in a SHR-dependent feed-forward loop to regulate the range of action of SHORT-ROOT and SCARECROW. JACKDAW expression is initiated independent of SHORT-ROOT and regulates the SCARECROW expression domain outside the stele, while MAGPIE expression depends on SHORT-ROOT and SCARECROW. We provide evidence that JACKDAW and MAGPIE regulate tissue boundaries and asymmetric cell division and can control SHORT-ROOT and SCARECROW activity in a transcriptional and protein interaction network.
The role of interleukin-18 in the metabolic syndrome (2010)

The metabolic syndrome is thought to be associated with a chronic low-grade inflammation, and a growing body of evidence suggests that interleukin-18 (IL-18) might be closely related to the metabolic syndrome and its consequences. Circulating levels of IL-18 have been reported to be elevated in subjects with the metabolic syndrome, to be closely associated with the components of the syndrome, to predict cardiovascular events and mortality in populations with the metabolic syndrome and to precede the development of type 2 diabetes. IL-18 is found in the unstable atherosclerotic plaque, in adipose tissue and in muscle tissue, and is subject to several regulatory steps including cleavage by caspase-1, inactivation by IL-18 binding protein and the influence of other cytokines in modulating its interaction with the IL-18 receptor. The purpose of this review is to outline the role of IL-18 in the metabolic syndrome, with particular emphasis on cardiovascular risk and the potential effect of life style interventions.
Coil design for real and sham transcranial magnetic stimulation (2000)

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to excite the human cortex noninvasively. TMS also activates scalp muscles and sensory receptors; additionally, the loud sound from the stimulating coil activates auditory pathways. These side effects complicate the interpretation of the results of TMS studies. For control experiments, we have designed a coil that can produce both real and sham stimulation without moving the coil. The sham TMS is similar to the real TMS, except for the different relative direction of the currents in the two loops of the figure-of-eight coil. While the real TMS elicited activation of hand muscles, sham TMS had no such effect; however, the auditory-evoked potentials were similar.
Serial ATA Host Controller: A Hardware Implementation (2006)

This paper presents a pilot project in the serial advanced technology attachment interface controllers. It implements the SATA host controller based on the SATA2.5 standard. It shows how to enhance the hardware performance in both the implementation and the verification phases. Complete register transfer logic implementation of the host controller architecture is written in Verilog. PSL assertions are applied to fully test and verify the design. The design is being realized on Xilinx Virtex-II Pro FPGA
Taxane-antibody conjugates afford potent cytotoxicity, enhanced solubility, and tumor target selectivity. (2001)

Paclitaxel (Taxol) is a chemotherapeutic agent that prevents disassembly of microtubular polymers, causing a growth arrest in the G2-M phase of the cell cycle and leading to apoptotic death. Paclitaxel has remarkable efficacy against fast-growing tumors but possesses major drawbacks, such as poor solubility and lack of tumor selectivity. Conversely, monoclonal antibodies usually have low therapeutic efficacy but are highly soluble and selectively target tumor markers overexpressed in cancer cells. Therefore, to improve the therapeutic index of taxanes as chemotherapeutics, the high toxicity of paclitaxel was combined with the high selectivity and solubility of monoclonal antibodies as targeting agents. We report the chemical coupling and characterization of paclitaxel-antibody conjugates for treatment of neuroectoderm-derived tumors. Paclitaxel-antibody conjugates afforded selective toxicity toward cells expressing the target marker and were more cytotoxic in vitro than equimolar concentrations of free paclitaxel or free paclitaxel plus free antibody. In an in vivo model of xenografted tumors, systemic administration of paclitaxel-antibody conjugates prevented tumor growth and prolonged survival of mice better than free drugs. In addition, paclitaxel-antibody conjugates were highly soluble in water and stable at -20 degrees C for at least 3 months. These studies may lead to an increase or an improvement of the armamentarium and selectivity of cytotoxic agents.
Inherited Disease Genetics Improves the Identification of Cancer-Associated Genes (2016)

The identification of biologically significant variants in cancer genomes is critical to therapeutic discovery, but it is limited by the statistical power needed to discern driver from passenger. Independent biological data can be used to filter cancer exomes and increase statistical power. Large genetic databases for inherited diseases are uniquely suited to this task because they contain specific amino acid alterations with known pathogenicity and molecular mechanisms. However, no rigorous method to overlay this information onto the cancer exome exists. Here, we present a computational methodology that overlays any variant database onto the somatic mutations in all cancer exomes. We validate the computation experimentally and identify novel associations in a re-analysis of 7362 cancer exomes. This analysis identified activating SOS1 mutations associated with Noonan syndrome as significantly altered in melanoma and the first kinase-activating mutations in ACVR1 associated with adult tumors. Beyond a filter, significant variants found in both rare cancers and rare inherited diseases increase the unmet medical need for therapeutics that target these variants and may bootstrap drug discovery efforts in orphan indications.
Pilot Study of Safety and Effect of Combined Intravitreal Bevacizumab and Methotrexate for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2010)

Addition of intravitreal methotrexate to bevacizumab was safe in 7 eyes of 7 patients. It may enhance the therapeutic effect in regression of neovascularization in AMD and may reduce development of a fibrous component and disciform scar formation.
Database compression (1993)

Despite the fact that computer memory costs have decreased dramatically over the past few years, data storage still remains, and will probably always remain, an important cost factor for many large scale database applications. Compressing data in a database system is attractive for two reasons: data storage reduction and performance improvement. Storage reduction is a direct and obvious benefit, while performance improves because smaller amounts of physical data need to be moved for any particular operation on the database. We address several aspects of reversible data compression and compression techniques: general concepts of data compression; a number of compression techniques; a comparison of the effects of compression on common data types; advantages and disadvantages of compressing data; and future research needs.
Activation of human polymorphonuclear neutrophil functions by interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factors. (1985)

Recombinant human interferon-gamma (rHuIFN-gamma) and natural human tumor necrosis factor beta (nHuTNF-beta) (previously called lymphotoxin), purified to homogeneity, were used to assess their effects on certain functions of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in vitro. The treatment of PMN with 100 U of either rHuIFN-gamma or nHuTNF-beta for 20 min significantly increased their ability to phagocytize 1.5-microns latex beads as detected by flow cytometry. Preparations of recombinant human TNF-beta (rHuTNF-beta) showed activities similar to those of its natural counterpart in activating phagocytosis. In addition, a significant enhancement in PMN-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity was observed after treatment for 2 hr with IFN gamma and both TNF-alpha and TNF-beta. The enhancement by treatment with a combination of rHuIFN-gamma and nHuTNF-beta exceeded the enhancement caused by either agent alone. We also show that although lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a potent stimulator of PMN function, polymyxin B can block LPS-induced but not lymphokine-induced activation. These data demonstrate new activities for both TNF-alpha and TNF-beta in augmenting the phagocytic and cytotoxic activities of PMN.
Doxorubicin and paclitaxel enhance the antitumor efficacy of vaccines directed against HER 2/neuin a murine mammary carcinoma model (2004)

The combination of chemotherapeutic agents plus vaccine immunotherapy may induce a tumor-specific immune response that could be beneficial for the adjuvant treatment of patients with minimal residual disease. The regimen warrants further evaluation in a clinical setting.
A bis-pocket porphyrin (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA bis-pocket porphyrinKenneth S. Suslick and Mary M. FoxCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 11, 3507–3510Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00349a023RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views633Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (561 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Regulation of human osteoclast development by dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP) (2011)

Osteoclasts (OC) are bone-resorbing, multinucleated cells that are generated via fusion of OC precursors (OCP). The frequency of OCP is elevated in patients with erosive inflammatory arthritis and metabolic bone diseases. Although many cytokines and cell surface receptors are known to participate in osteoclastogenesis, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of this cellular transformation are poorly understood. Herein, we focused our studies on the dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP), a seven-pass transmembrane receptor-like protein known to be essential for cell-to-cell fusion during osteoclastogenesis. We identified an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) in the cytoplasmic tail of DC-STAMP, and developed an anti-DC-STAMP monoclonal antibody 1A2 that detected DC-STAMP expression on human tumor giant cells, blocked OC formation in vitro, and distinguished four patterns of human PBMC with a positive correlation to OC potential. In freshly isolated monocytes, DC-STAMP(high) cells produced a higher number of OC in culture than DC-STAMP(low) cells and the surface expression of DC-STAMP gradually declined during osteoclastogenesis. Importantly, we showed that DC-STAMP is phosphorylated on its tyrosine residues and physically interacts with SHP-1 and CD16, an SH2-domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase and an ITAM-associated protein, respectively. Taken together, these data show that DC-STAMP is a potential OCP biomarker in inflammatory arthritis. Moreover, in addition to its effect on cell fusion, DC-STAMP dynamically regulates cell signaling during osteoclastogenesis.
Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies with Genetically Engineered Human Antibodies (1998)

Human antibodies can be generated by recombinant technology. The human immunoglobulin repertoire can be tapped in an effective manner by the so called V gene phage display technology. Using this technique the genes encoding the variable domains of an antibody of interest can be captured from the B cell repertoire. With these V genes tailor-made immune recognition molecules can be obtained by a 'design and build' strategy. These novel developments will lead to the introduction of a manifold of antibody based therapies into the clinic in coming decades. Recombinant antibody technology also provides unique opportunities to study the molecular structure of antibody variable domains against blood cell antigens. Such studies might possibly lead to the development of new therapies for antibody mediated blood cell destruction.
Pactamycin Production by Streptomyces pactum (1962)

The optimal fermentation conditions for the production of pactamycin, a new antitumor antibiotic, by Streptomyces pactum var. pactum were investigated. The optimal pH range for growth was 6.5 to 7.0. The optimal temperature for the growth of the culture and the production of the antibiotic was investigated in a medium containing Cerelose, blackstrap molasses, Pabst yeast, Kay Soy, CaCO(3), and KCl. Since maximal growth and maximal production efficiency was obtained at 32 C, all subsequent fermentations were conducted at this temperature. Pactamycin was bound to the mycelium in different amounts, depending on the fermentation conditions, and could be extracted with acetone. Good yields (216 mug/ml) of pactamycin could be obtained in a medium containing Cerelose, soy-peptone, calcium carbonate, and potassium chloride. Analysis of the biochemical changes during fermentation indicated that pactamycin was produced during the later autolytic phase.