gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Semantic Parsing for Single-Relation Question Answering (2014)

We develop a semantic parsing framework based on semantic similarity for open domain question answering (QA). We focus on single-relation questions and decompose each question into an entity mention and a relation pattern. Using convolutional neural network models, we measure the similarity of entity mentions with entities in the knowledge base (KB) and the similarity of relation patterns and relations in the KB. We score relational triples in the KB using these measures and select the top scoring relational triple to answer the question. When evaluated on an open-domain QA task, our method achieves higher precision across different recall points compared to the previous approach, and can improve F 1 by 7 points.
Overview of trauma care and its prospect. (1998)

Trauma is a prominent problem in modern society, which is called "the disease of developed society" or "the twin brother of modern civilization". Nowadays, over one million people die of trauma and several ten million people are injured worldwide each year. In China, over one hundred thousand people die of trauma and several millions are injured each year. Therefore, trauma has become the fifth cause of death in urban districts and the fourth cause of death in the countryside. According to the calculation of years of potential life lost (YPLL), trauma then turns into the first cause of death, indicating that the hazard to the society and loss of labor forces induced by trauma is more severe than any other diseases. Therefore, much attention has been paid to trauma research at home and abroad. This paper is to review the recent advances in trauma care and to offer some prospects for the next century's development.
DIVERSE FUNCTIONS OF IL-2, IL-15, AND IL-7 IN LYMPHOID HOMEOSTASIS (2006)

IL-2, IL-15, and IL-7 are cytokines that are critical for regulating lymphoid homeostasis. These cytokines stimulate similar responses from lymphocytes in vitro, but play markedly divergent roles in lymphoid biology in vivo. Their distinct physiological functions can be ascribed to distinct signaling pathways initiated by proprietary cytokine receptor chains, differential expression patterns of the cytokines or their receptor chains, and/or signals occurring in distinct physiological contexts. Recently, the discovery of a novel mechanism of cytokine signaling, trans-presentation, has provided further insights into the different ways these cytokines function. Trans-presentation also raises several novel cell biological and cellular implications concerning how cytokines support lymphoid homeostasis.
Porcine Epithelial β-Defensin 1 Is Expressed in the Dorsal Tongue at Antimicrobial Concentrations (1999)

Epithelial cells and phagocytes contain antimicrobial polypeptides that participate in innate host defense. A recently cloned porcine beta-defensin, PBD-1, was detected by Northern organ blots exclusively in the tongue epithelium. We generated recombinant PBD-1 peptide by using a baculovirus-insect cell expression system and obtained two forms (PBD-142 and PBD-138), which differed by N-terminal truncation. Only PBD-142 was found in scrapings of the surface of the dorsal tongue or the buccal mucosa. Immunohistochemical staining with antibody to PBD-142 revealed that PBD-1 was highly concentrated in an approximately 0.1-mm-thick layer in the cornified tips of the filiform (but not fungiform) papillae of the dorsal tongue and in the superficial squamous cell layers of the buccal mucosa. By scraping, extraction, and semiquantitative Western blotting, the concentration of PBD-1 in the dorsal tongue surface and the buccal mucosa was estimated at 20 to 100 micrograms/ml. PBD-1 had antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, and Candida albicans in 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). Added NaCl progressively inhibited the activity of PBD-1 against E. coli and C. albicans. In 10 mM sodium phosphate with 125 mM NaCl, the combinations of sublethal concentrations of PBD-1 and the porcine neutrophil peptide PG-3, PR-39, or PR-26 showed synergistic activity against E. coli or the multidrug-resistant S. typhimurium DT104. At its physiologic concentration, PBD-1 has antimicrobial effects under both low- and high-salt conditions encountered in the oral cavity and may contribute to the antimicrobial barrier properties of the dorsal tongue and oral epithelium.
Self-Functionalizing Polymer Film Surfaces Assisted by Specific Polystyrene End-Tagging (2010)

Two simple approaches to build up micropatterned functionalized polymer films are reported here. Both of them are based on the formation of porous films consisting of two-dimensionally ordered void structures, produced by evaporation of a polymer solution in the presence of humidity. In the first approach, we utilize an amino-terminated linear polystyrene to fabricate honeycomb structured films in which the cavities are enriched with amino groups that preserve their chemical reactivity. This allows, in principle, to obtain films with different surface functionality by simply changing the chain-end of the polymer used. In the second approach, we synthesize a luminescent chain-ended polystyrene to show how the honeycomb structures can be easily transformed, by a thermal treatment, into flat micropatterned fluorescent films. Both the microporous and the flat micropatterned films resulting from this study are attractive materials since the chemical functions distributed on their surface can further react with other molecules to provide a more complex array suitable for biological tests.
Effect of Prazosin on Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Rabbits (1980)

Prazosin hydrochloride, a systemic antihypertensive agent, lowers intraocular pressure when applied topically to normal rabbit eyes. A 0.01% solution of topically administered prazosin did not alter out-flow facility, episcleral venous pressure, systemic blood pressure, or ocular blood flow. Tonography suggested a 27% decrease in the rate of aqueous humor formation two hours following topical administration. Posterior chamber aqueous ascorbate levels were increased following topical administration of prazosin, which also suggested a decreased entry rate of water into the eye. The effect of prazosin on IOP was prevented by systemic pretreatment with phentolamine mesylate, an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent, but not by propranolol hydrochloride or atropine sulfate. This was consistent with the known action of prazosin as a postsynaptic alpha-adrenergic blocking agent.
Simplified β-amyloid peptides for safer Alzheimer’s vaccines development (2010)

Over the past few years, new ways of fighting Alzheimer's disease have emerged based on stimulating the immunitary defence system of the patients. To avoid toxicity and autoimmune response related to the Aβ[1-42] peptide immunotherapy, in the last decade a large number of works aimed at identifying new classes of safe Aβ derivatives by modifying the full length β-amyloid form. In strict agreement with the purposes of the sequence-simplification technology, Aβ[1-16], Aβ[13-28] and Aβ[25-42] fragments were selected in order to retain the major immunogenic sites of the Aβ[1-42] peptide, and corresponding simplified forms were designed and synthesized. All glycinated Aβ derivatives showed immunogenic and antigenic properties similar to the parent Aβ[1-42] peptide, and raised antibodies were all able to cross-recognize both Aβ[1-42] and Aβ[1-40] synthetic structures. All Aβ simplified forms showed reduced fibrillogenic and inflammatory properties. In particular, the Aβ[13-28]+G form failed to induce IFN-γ production thus suggesting that this molecule could represent a good candidate for potentially safer AD vaccine therapy.
Approaching the Asymptote? Evolution and Revolution in Immunology (1989)

It is a great privilege to introduce this Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on quantitative biology on the subject of immune recognition. My predecessors in this role, Macfarlane Burnet (1967) and Niels Jerne (1976), had a profound effect on the development of ideas in our field, and many of the participants have made great contributions to our understanding of the subject of this symposium and are clearly more qualified than I to introduce it.
<title>Cloning and characterization of new bioluminescent proteins</title> (1999)

Over the past two years Prolume has undertaken a comprehensive program to clone luciferases and associated 'green fluorescent proteins' (GFPs) from marine animals that use coelenterazine as the luciferin. To data we have cloned several bioluminescent proteins, including two novel copepod luciferases and two anthozoan GFPs. These four proteins have sequences that differ greatly form previously cloned analogous proteins; the sequence diversity apparently is due to independent evolutionary origins and unusual evolutionary constraints. Thus coelenterazine-based bioluminescent systems may also manifest a variety of useful properties. We discuss form this taxonomic perspective the initial biochemical and spectral characterization of our cloned proteins. Emphasis is placed on the anthozoan luciferase-GFP systems, whose efficient resonance energy transfer has elicited much current interest.
DNA strand exchange proteins a biochemical and physical comparison (1998)

Homologous genetic recombination is an essential biological process that involves the pairing and exchange of DNA between two homologous chromosomes or DNA molecules. It is of fundamental importance to the preservation of genomic integrity, the production of genetic diversity, and the proper segregation of chromosomes. In Escherichia coli, the RecA protein is essential to recombination, and biochemical analysis demonstrates that it is responsible for the crucial steps of homologous pairing and DNA strand exchange. The presence of RecA-like proteins, or their functional equivalents, in bacteriophage, other eubacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes, confirms that the mechanism of homologous pairing and DNA strand exchange is conserved throughout all forms of life. This review focuses on the biochemical and physical characteristics of DNA strand exchange proteins from three diverse organisms: RecA protein from E. coli, UvsX protein from Bacteriophage T4, and RAD51 protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Historical and Clinical Perspectives of the Expanded Disability Status Scale (2008)

Combination of the (Expanded) DSS and FS has been used successfully to assess impairment for natural history and treatment studies in MS.
HER3, p95HER2, and HER2 protein expression levels define multiple subtypes of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (2013)

Trastuzumab is effective in the treatment of HER2/neu over-expressing breast cancer, but not all patients benefit from it. In vitro data suggest a role for HER3 in the initiation of signaling activity involving the AKT–mTOR pathway leading to trastuzumab insensitivity. We sought to investigate the potential of HER3 alone and in the context of p95HER2 (p95), a trastuzumab resistance marker, as biomarkers of trastuzumab escape. Using the VeraTag® assay platform, we developed a dual antibody proximity-based assay for the precise quantitation of HER3 total protein (H3T) from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast tumors. We then measured H3T in 89 patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with trastuzumab-based therapy, and correlated the results with progression-free survival and overall survival using Kaplan–Meier and decision tree analyses that also included HER2 total (H2T) and p95 expression levels. Within the sub-population of patients that over-expressed HER2, high levels of HER3 and/or p95 protein expression were significantly associated with poor clinical outcomes on trastuzumab-based therapy. Based on quantitative H3T, p95, and H2T measurements, multiple subtypes of HER2-positive breast cancer were identified that differ in their outcome following trastuzumab therapy. These data suggest that HER3 and p95 are informative biomarkers of clinical outcomes on trastuzumab therapy, and that multiple subtypes of HER2-positive breast cancer may be defined by quantitative measurements of H3T, p95, and H2T.
The acute phase response (1994)

Conference Article| February 01 1994 The acute phase response John G. Raynes John G. Raynes 1Department of Clinical Sciences, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St., London WC1E 7HT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1994) 22 (1): 69–74. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0220069 Article history Received: September 21 1993 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation John G. Raynes; The acute phase response. Biochem Soc Trans 1 February 1994; 22 (1): 69–74. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0220069 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: AGP, α1-acid glycoprotein, APP genes, acute phase protein genes, C/EBP, CCAAT enhancer binding protein, CRP, C-reactive protein, ICAM-1, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1, IL, interleukin, LPS, lipopolysaccharide, NF, nuclear factor, SAA, serum amyloid A protein, SAP, serum amyloid P This content is only available as a PDF. © 1994 Biochemical Society1994 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
A Survey on Wind Turbine Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis—Part I: Components and Subsystems (2015)

This paper provides a comprehensive survey on the state-of-the-art condition monitoring and fault diagnostic technologies for wind turbines (WTs). The Part I of this survey briefly reviews the existing literature surveys on the subject, discusses the common failure modes in the major WT components and subsystems, briefly reviews the condition monitoring and fault diagnostic techniques for these components and subsystems, and specifically discusses the issues of condition monitoring and fault diagnosis for offshore WTs.
ATG education research (1998)

article Free Access Share on ATG education research: the authoring tools thread Author: Jim Spohrer View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGCHI BulletinVolume 30Issue 2April 1998 pp 124–133https://doi.org/10.1145/279044.279173Online:01 April 1998Publication History 4citation55DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations4Total Downloads55Last 12 Months6Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Failsafe key escrow (1994)

Fair" Public Key Cryptosystems FPKCs have recently been proposed as a method for providing secure escrowing of keys without relying on special purpose hardware.In a fair public key cryptosystem, the cryptosystem users are allowed to choose their own public and private keys, but they must share their secret keys with a group of trustees escrow agencies in a manner that allows the trustees to reconstruct the secret key of any user in the event of a court order.The United States Government has recently acquired a license to Fair cryptosystem technology from Silvio Micali.The claimed advantage of the Micali FPKC o v er alternative approaches to key escrow is that the user in the Micali system is supposedly assured that his or her secret key will remain protected unless the trustees collaborate to reconstruct the secret key, and the government is supposedly assured that criminals will not be able to abuse the escrow system in a manner that prevents government deciphering of wiretapped communications.In this paper, we expose a serious weakness in the Micali FPKC which allows criminals to abuse the system in precisely the manner which is not supposed to be possible.In particular, we show that the FPKC is subject to the sorts of subliminal key attacks discovered by Simmons and Desmedt in the 1980s 7, 1 7 , 1 8 , 19 .As a consequence, we show h o w a g o v ernment-sanctioned FPKC a s e n visioned by Micali can be subverted by criminals to form a shadow" public key cryptosystem that is untappable by the government.In some cases, the shadow cryptosystem is even more secure against the government than the original cryptosystem is against nongovernmental adversaries.Even if the shadow cryptosystem is run using only public knowledge and even if the government is fully aware of the workings of the shadow cryptosystem, there is no obvious way that the shadow system can be thwarted by the government.In the paper, we also describe a new approach t o k ey escrow that we call Failsafe Key Escrow.The Failsafe approach i s c haracterized by the use of government-user interaction to select the secret and public keys of each user.Failsafe key escrow has all the supposed advantages of Micali's FPKC, along with a formalizable guarantee that the system cannot be abused by criminals.The Failsafe method also guarantees the government that every user's secret key will be secure even if the user selects his or her portion of the secret key poorly e.g., by using one's birthday instead of a random number.Finally, the method can be adapted for use with any of the commonly-cited cryptosystems, and it is particularly well suited for use in escrowing DSS keys.
Extremely Stable Soluble High Molecular Mass Multi-Protein Complex with DNase Activity in Human Placental Tissue (2014)

Human placenta is an organ which protects, feeds, and regulates the grooving of the embryo. Therefore, identification and characterization of placental components including proteins and their multi-protein complexes is an important step to understanding the placenta function. We have obtained and analyzed for the first time an extremely stable multi-protein complex (SPC, ∼ 1000 kDa) from the soluble fraction of three human placentas. By gel filtration on Sepharose-4B, the SPC was well separated from other proteins of the placenta extract. Light scattering measurements and gel filtration showed that the SPC is stable in the presence of NaCl, MgCl2, acetonitrile, guanidinium chloride, and Triton in high concentrations, but dissociates efficiently in the presence of 8 M urea, 50 mM EDTA, and 0.5 M NaCl. Such a stable complex is unlikely to be a casual associate of different proteins. According to SDS-PAGE and MALDI mass spectrometry data, this complex contains many major glycosylated proteins with low and moderate molecular masses (MMs) 4-14 kDa and several moderately abundant (79.3, 68.5, 52.8, and 27.2 kDa) as well as minor proteins with higher MMs. The SPC treatment with dithiothreitol led to a disappearance of some protein bands and revealed proteins with lower MMs. The SPCs from three placentas efficiently hydrolyzed plasmid supercoiled DNA with comparable rates and possess at least two DNA-binding sites with different affinities for a 12-mer oligonucleotide. Progress in study of placental protein complexes can promote understanding of their biological functions.
Expert Systems and Diagnostic Expertise in the Mechanical and Electrical Domains (1987)

Current expert system technology tends to rely on the use of shallow empirically based experiential knowledge. With only this type of knowledge available, expert systems have been capable of reaching a high level of agreement with human experts in a limited area of expertise. However, due to the nature of their knowledge, such systems fall short of human expertise in many ways. The human diagnostic process is examined as it relates to the malfunction of mechanical and electrical devices. An expert system design is presented, called the integrated diagnostic model (IDM), that attempts to address some of the issues involved in bridging the gap between human and computer expertise. The IDM contains two different types of knowledge, one based on experience and one based on how the device to be diagnosed functions. These two types of knowledge are used together during a diagnostic session to determine what is wrong with the device. To demonstrate how the IDM works, an interaction with a prototype system that was built using the IDM is described; then research on extensions to the IDM is discussed.
Identification and expression of two forms of the human transforming growth factor‐β‐binding protein endoglin with distinct cytoplasmic regions (1993)

Endoglin is an homodimeric membrane antigen with capacity to bind transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and whose expression is up-regulated on myeloid cells upon differentiation to macrophages. We have isolated full-length cDNA clones from a lambda gt 10 library, prepared from phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-differentiated HL60 cells by screening with an endoglin-specific cDNA probe from endothelial cells. Sequencing of the largest clone (3073 bp), revealed that the leader sequence contains 25 residues and that the 586 amino acids of the extracellular and transmembrane domains were identical to those described for endothelial endoglin. However, the cytoplasmic tail encoded by this cDNA clone contains only 14 amino acids as opposed to the 47 residues previously reported, suggesting the existence of two alternative endoglin variants. The expression of these isoforms was demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction analyses on endothelial cells, myelomonocytic cell lines HL-60 and U-937, and placenta. Independent cDNA constructs corresponding to both forms were transfected into mouse fibroblasts leading to the expression of two distinct endoglin molecules. Both forms were shown to bind TGF-beta 1 and, when overexpressed in transfected mouse fibroblasts, to form disulfide-linked homodimers, indicating that the cysteine residues present in the extracellular domain are responsible for the dimerization.
Serum Peptide Profiling using MALDI Mass Spectrometry (2007)

Blood represents a convenient diagnostic specimen for clinical analysis. Serum metabolites and peptides have the potential to serve as reliable indicators of progression from a normal to a diseased state. However, the presence of salts, lipids and high concentrations of protein in blood serum can adversely affect its mass spectrometric profiling, as all of these moieties can hinder the ionisation and detection of diagnostic biomarkers. Several pre-fractionation strategies using chromatographic adsorbents have been employed to desalt samples and remove abundant proteins such as albumin and immunoglobulin. As an alternative to multi-stage fractionation chromatography, we describe in this practical review the adaptation and validation of a simple and fast solid-phase extraction technique using ZipTips. The protocol allows for the purification and concentration of peptides in a few, mostly automated steps, prior to spectral biomarker pattern diagnostics using MALDI MS and MS/MS. It has the added advantages of being suitable for use in a high-throughput and potentially clinical environment, only requiring a few microlitres of serum. We have evaluated, optimised, and standardised a number of analytical parameters ranging from serum storage and handling to automated peptide extraction, crystallisation, spectral acquisition, and signal processing. Using standardised protocols the average CV of serum profiles within- and between-run replicates has been evaluated and found to be around 10 % based on the variability of all detected peaks (more than 100 peaks per profile). The results show that this easy and fast method of using ZipTips, tested over a whole year, is more reproducible and more suitable for serum profile screening than magnetic bead-based methodologies which show higher variability and higher rates of rejected, low-quality spectra upon applying strict data quality control filters.