gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct formation of self-assembled nanoporous aluminium oxide on SiO2and Si substrates (2002)

An unconventional self-assembly process was integrated with traditional silicon microfabrication technologies to directly form hexagonally ordered nanoporous patterns on both SiO2 and Si surfaces. Starting with an aluminium thin film deposited on a SiO2 or Si substrate, an Al anodization process was employed to generate highly uniform nanoporous anodic aluminium oxide thin films with average pore diameters of 30–70 nm directly on SiO2 and Si surfaces. The long-range order of the anodic aluminium oxide nanoporous structures was improved by thermally annealing the starting Al films to promote the grain size growth and by utilizing a multiple anodization process to enhance their uniformity. The formation of the hexagonally ordered nanoporous array may be attributed to the interplay between the topological requirement for space filling of pores and the kinetics of domain growth with time under a constant anodization voltage. These results demonstrate the feasibility of integrating self-assembled anodic aluminium oxide nanostructures with Si microfabrication technologies in the pursuit of future-generation Si nanoelectronic devices.
An Outcome Prediction Model for Patients with Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated with Radical Nephrectomy Based on Tumor Stage, Size, Grade and Necrosis: The Ssign Score (2002)

In patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma 1997 TNM stage, tumor size, nuclear grade and histological tumor necrosis were significantly associated with cancer specific survival. We present a scoring system based on these features that can be used to predict outcome.
Stress‐induced DNA methylation changes and their heritability in asexual dandelions (2009)

*DNA methylation can cause heritable phenotypic modifications in the absence of changes in DNA sequence. Environmental stresses can trigger methylation changes and this may have evolutionary consequences, even in the absence of sequence variation. However, it remains largely unknown to what extent environmentally induced methylation changes are transmitted to offspring, and whether observed methylation variation is truly independent or a downstream consequence of genetic variation between individuals. *Genetically identical apomictic dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) plants were exposed to different ecological stresses, and apomictic offspring were raised in a common unstressed environment. We used methylation-sensitive amplified fragment length polymorphism markers to screen genome-wide methylation alterations triggered by stress treatments and to assess the heritability of induced changes. *Various stresses, most notably chemical induction of herbivore and pathogen defenses, triggered considerable methylation variation throughout the genome. Many modifications were faithfully transmitted to offspring. Stresses caused some epigenetic divergence between treatment and controls, but also increased epigenetic variation among plants within treatments. *These results show the following. First, stress-induced methylation changes are common and are mostly heritable. Second, sequence-independent, autonomous methylation variation is readily generated. This highlights the potential of epigenetic inheritance to play an independent role in evolutionary processes, which is superimposed on the system of genetic inheritance.
Pseudotyping Vesicular Stomatitis Virus with Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Glycoproteins Enhances Infectivity for Glioma Cells and Minimizes Neurotropism (2011)

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-based oncolytic virotherapy has the potential to significantly improve the prognosis of aggressive malignancies such as brain cancer. However, VSV's inherent neurotoxicity has hindered clinical development so far. Given that this neurotropism is attributed to the glycoprotein VSV-G, VSV was pseudotyped with the nonneurotropic envelope glycoprotein of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV-GP→VSV-GP). Compared to VSV, VSV-GP showed enhanced infectivity for brain cancer cells in vitro while sparing primary human and rat neurons in vitro and in vivo, respectively. In conclusion, VSV-GP has a much wider therapeutic window than VSV and is thus more suitable for clinical applications, especially in the brain.
Electromagnetic design aspects of packages for monolithic microwave integrated circuit-based arrays with integrated antenna elements (1995)

Reliable and cost-effective packaging of monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) is an important aspect of the design of phased array systems. At millimeter wavelengths, where small dimensions make machining and assembly a complex matter, the interconnections between the modules housing the MMIC components and the antenna elements are a source of unreliability as well as a potential problem in terms of electromagnetic losses. One solution involves the integration of antenna elements onto the MMIC chips. The paper addresses the issues involved in packaging and housing MMIC chips with integrated antenna elements and presents some insights into the electromagnetic design of such packages.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Comprehensive Multi-Dimensional MRI for the Simultaneous Assessment of Cardiopulmonary Anatomy and Physiology (2017)

Diagnostic testing often assesses the cardiovascular or respiratory systems in isolation, ignoring the major pathophysiologic interactions between the systems in many diseases. When both systems are assessed currently, multiple modalities are utilized in costly fashion with burdensome logistics and decreased accessibility. Thus, we have developed a new acquisition and reconstruction paradigm using the flexibility of MRI to enable a comprehensive exam from a single 5-15 min scan. We constructed a compressive-sensing approach to pseudo-randomly acquire highly subsampled, multi-dimensionally-encoded and time-stamped data from which we reconstruct volumetric cardiac and respiratory motion phases, contrast-agent dynamics, and blood flow velocity fields. The proposed method, named XD flow, is demonstrated for (a) evaluating congenital heart disease, where the impact of bulk motion is reduced in a non-sedated neonatal patient and (b) where the observation of the impact of respiration on flow is necessary for diagnostics; (c) cardiopulmonary imaging, where cardiovascular flow, function, and anatomy information is needed along with pulmonary perfusion quantification; and in (d) renal function imaging, where blood velocities and glomerular filtration rates are simultaneously measured, which highlights the generality of the technique. XD flow has the ability to improve quantification and to provide additional data for patient diagnosis for comprehensive evaluations.
Basic Laboratory Culture Methods for Anaerobic Bacteria (2009)

Oxygen is either limiting or absent in many ecosystems. Anaerobic bacteria are often key players in such environments and these organisms have important roles in geo-elemental cycling, agriculture, and medicine. The metabolic versatility of anaerobes is exploited in a variety of industrial processes including fermented food production, biochemical synthesis, and bioremediation. There has been recent considerable interest in developing and enhancing technologies that employ anaerobes as biocatalysts. The study of anaerobic bacteria requires specialized techniques, and specific methods are described for the culture and manipulation of these microbes.
The impact of data transfer and buffering alternatives on network interface design (2002)

The explosive growth in the performance of microprocessors and networks has created a new opportunity to reduce the latency of fine-grain communication. Microprocessor clock speeds are now approaching the gigahertz range. Network switch latencies have dropped to tens of nanoseconds. Unfortunately, this explosive growth also exposes processor accesses to the network interface (NI) as a critical bottleneck for fine-grain communication. Researchers have proposed several techniques, such as using block loads and stores, user-level DMA, and coherent network interfaces, to alleviate this NI access bottleneck. We systematically identify, examine and evaluate the key parameters that underlie these design alternatives. We classify these parameters into two categories: data transfer and buffering parameters. The data transfer parameters capture how messages are transferred between internal memory structures (e.g. processor caches, main memory) of a computer and a memory bus NI. The buffering parameters capture how and where an NI buffers incoming network messages. We evaluate seven memory bus NIs that we believe capture the essential components of the design space exposed by these data transfer and buffering parameters.
Recurrence of hemolytic-uremic syndrome following live related renal transplantation. (2006)

There is a significant risk of disease recurrence in patients with diarrhea-negative hemolyticuremic syndrome undergoing renal transplantation. Considering the low frequency of hemolyticuremic syndrome among adults with end-stage renal disease, only a few reports are available on the outcome of these patients after renal transplantation. It has been suggested, though not proven, that living related transplant recipients are at increased risk of recurrence of hemolyticuremic syndrome. We report a 23-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease, owing to postpartum hemolyticuremic syndrome and the recurrence of the disease following live related renal transplant. Investigators believe that some cases of atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome are familial and related donors may have a genetic susceptibility to develop hemolytic-uremic syndrome. In addition, recurrence of hemolytic-uremic syndrome in the allograft is associated with a very poor prognosis. Therefore, at present, many clinicians are reluctant to recommend live related transplantation in any forms of diarrhea-negative hemolytic-uremic syndrome.
Small molecule inhibitors of PIM1 kinase: July 2009 to February 2013 patent update (2013)

Several PIM1 kinase small molecule inhibitors are now at the pre-clinical research stage, development and testing. Though nearly 40 patents emerged in the last 3 years, greater efforts towards additional designs and medicinal chemistry continues for developing clinically efficacious PIM1 inhibitors, due to the significance of the target for cancer and the potential for novel and diverse inhibitors as drug candidates.
Linear/Network Poly(ε-caprolactone) Blends Exhibiting Shape Memory Assisted Self-Healing (SMASH) (2011)

Self-healing (SH) polymers are responsive polymeric materials that can repair mechanical damage such as cracks in an autonomous fashion. In most SH polymers studies reported to date, crack closure was either unaddressed or achieved by manual intervention. Here, we report a new strategy that utilizes shape memory (SM) to prepare novel SH polymers that are capable of simultaneously closing and rebonding cracks with a simple thermal trigger. This strategy, termed "shape memory assisted self-healing (SMASH)", is demonstrated in a blend system consisting of cross-linked poly(ε-caprolactone) network (n-PCL) with linear poly(ε-caprolactone) (l-PCL) interpenetrating the network, and exhibits a combination of SM response from the network component and SH capacity from the linear component. Thermomechanical analysis revealed that the thermoset, n-PCL, demonstrates reversible plasticity -a form of shape memory where large plastic deformation at room temperature is fully recoverable upon heating. This SM action assists to close any cracks formed during deformation and/or damage while l-PCL chains tackify the crack surfaces by diffusion to the free surface and ultimately across the area of damage during the same heating step as used for SM. In our study, we investigated the controlled damage and SMASH healing of blends with varying composition using tensile testing of essential work of fracture film specimens. The healing component, l-PCL used had a high M(w) (M(w) ∼65k g/mol) to enable re-entanglement after diffusion across the interface while the shape memory component, n-PCL was prepared from PCL telechelic diacrylates and a tetrathiol cross-linker, yielding excellent shape memory. We found excellent self-healing of films by the SMASH mechanism, with near complete healing for l-PCL contents exceeding 25 wt %. Applications are envisioned in the area of self-healing bladders, inflated structure membranes, and architectural building envelopes.
Endovascular Surgery for Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease (1992)

Endovascular surgery is a new multidisciplinary field that applies the recently innovated techniques of angioscopy, intraluminal ultrasound, balloon angioplasty, laser, mechanical atherectomy, and stents. This field can be defined as a diagnostic and therapeutic discipline that uses catheter-based systems to treat vascular disease. As such, it integrates the subspecialties of vascular surgery, interventional radiology, interventional cardiology, and biomedical engineering for the common purpose of improving arterial hemodynamics. Endovascular surgery offers many potential benefits: long incisions are replaced with a puncture wound, the need for postoperative intensive care is significantly reduced, major cardiac and pulmonary complications from general anesthesia are side stepped, and the dollar savings could be dramatic as the need for intensive care unit and in-hospital stay diminishes. Despite these technological advancements, endovascular surgery is still in its infancy and currently has limited applications. This review provides an updated summary of endovascular surgery today and addresses some of the obstacles still preventing its widespread use.
Experimental Ehrlichia chaffeensis infection in beagles (2003)

A canine model for human monocytic ehrlichiosis was used to assess persistent infection and antigenic variation of Ehrlichia chaffeensis. Two beagle dogs were infected subcutaneously with E. chaffeensis Arkansas strain. The dogs were observed for 6 months after inoculation for clinical signs, blood chemistry changes, antibodies to E. chaffeensis and presence of E. chaffeensis in the blood. Both dogs developed thrombocytopenia, but exhibited normal body temperatures during the entire course of infection. In one dog, E. chaffeensis was cultivated for up to 74 days post-inoculation and E. chaffeensis DNA was detected in the dog's blood for up to 81 days. In the other dog, E. chaffeensis was cultured for up to 102 days and E. chaffeensis DNA was detected in the blood for up to 117 days. PCR amplification and DNA sequence analysis indicated that there was no genetic variation in the 120 kDa outer-membrane glycoprotein gene of E. chaffeensis during infection of the dogs. The dogs developed antibodies to the immunodominant proteins of E. chaffeensis, including the 175, 140, 120, 80, 50 and 28 kDa proteins, starting in the fifth week post-inoculation. The dogs maintained high antibody titres throughout the 6-month study period. These results indicate that dogs become carriers of E. chaffeensis for 2-4 months after infection without exhibiting signs of clinical disease, suggesting that dogs may serve as a natural host for E. chaffeensis.
Poly-2-methyl-2-oxazoline:  A Peptide-like Polymer for Protein-Repellent Surfaces (2008)

Surface coatings with so-called protein-repellent or nonfouling polymers have become indispensable for the development of modern therapeutic and diagnostic medical devices such as biosensors, drug-delivery capsules, and biomedical implants. Nowadays, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is routinely used for these purposes. However, there is increasing evidence that PEG has limited long-term stability, particularly in vivo. Here we investigate poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (PMOXA) as a potential alternative polymer. We designed comb copolymers consisting of a polycationic poly(l-lysine) backbone and PMOXA side chains by analogy to precisely studied and highly protein-repellent PEG-based systems. Using optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy, we quantitatively compare the in situ self-assembly of the comb copolymers on negatively charged surfaces and the exposure of the formed monolayers to full human serum. We find that the PMOXA-based coatings with an optimal side-chain grafting density eliminate protein adsorption to a level of <2 ng/cm2; that is, they quantitatively equal the protein-repellent properties of the best PEG-based coatings.
Antagonism of the Melanocortin System Reduces Cold and Mechanical Allodynia in Mononeuropathic Rats (2000)

The presence of both pro-opiomelanocortin-derived peptides and melanocortin (MC) receptors in nociception-associated areas in the spinal cord suggests that, at the spinal level, the MC system might be involved in nociceptive transmission. In the present study, we demonstrate that a chronic constriction injury (CCI) to the rat sciatic nerve, a lesion that produces neuropathic pain, results in changes in the spinal cord MC system, as shown by an increased binding of (125)I-NDP-MSH to the dorsal horn. Furthermore, we investigated whether intrathecal administration (in the cisterna magna) of selective MC receptor ligands can affect the mechanical and cold allodynia associated with the CCI. Mechanical and cold allodynia were assessed by measuring withdrawal responses of the affected limb to von Frey filaments and withdrawal latencies upon immersion in a 4.5 degrees C water bath, respectively. We show that treatment with the MC receptor antagonist SHU9119 has a profound anti-allodynic effect, suggesting that the endogenous MC system has a tonic effect on nociception. In contrast, administration of the MC4 receptor agonists MTII and d-Tyr-MTII primarily increases the sensitivity to mechanical and cold stimulation. No antinociceptive action was observed after administration of the selective MC3 receptor agonist Nle-gamma-MSH. Together, our data suggest that the spinal cord MC system is involved in neuropathic pain and that the effects of MC receptor ligands on the responses to painful stimuli are exerted through the MC4 receptor. In conclusion, antagonism of the spinal melanocortin system might provide a new approach in the treatment of neuropathic pain.
On real and complex valued l/sub 1/-norm minimization for overcomplete blind source separation (2006)

A maximum a-posteriori approach for overcomplete blind source separation based on Laplacian priors usually involves /spl lscr//sub 1/-norm minimization. It requires different approaches for real and complex numbers as they appear for example in the frequency domain. In this paper we compare a combinatorial approach for real numbers with a second order cone programming approach for complex numbers. Although the combinatorial solution with a proven minimum number of zeros is not theoretically justified for complex numbers, its performance quality is comparable to the performance of the second order cone programming (SOCP) solution. However, it has the advantage that it is faster for complex overcomplete BSS problems with low input/output dimensions.
S‐adenosylmethionine: studies on chemical and enzymatic synthesis (1987)

Several methods for the chemical and enzymatic synthesis of (-)-S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) are described and compared. Studies on the effects of solvents, pH, methylating reagents, and KI on the coupling of sodium homocysteine thiolate and 5'-chloro-5'-deoxyadenosine led to an improved procedure for the synthesis of (+/-)-AdoMet. The use of trimethylsulfonium iodide as a methylating agent under acidic conditions results in a higher content of the desired (-)-epimer than does the use of CH3I. The enzymatic synthesis of (-)-AdoMet using AdoMet synthetase from an over-producing strain of Escherichia coli is demonstrated and the effect of product inhibition on preparative-scale synthesis is illustrated. A new HPLC technique for separation of the epimeric mixture of AdoMet, which allows small-scale preparation of optically pure AdoMet from the enzyme product, has been developed. With this HPLC technique, evidence that (-)-AdoMet is the sole epimer formed by the enzyme has been shown.
Quaterrylenebis(dicarboximides) (1995)

En route to highly colored chromophores, quaterrylenebis(dicarboximides) 1 were prepared, which can function both as pigments and soluble dyes. The polycycles absorb at very long wavelengths and are remarkably stable. R = H, R′ = C12H25; R = OC6H4-p-tBu, R′ = o,o′-iPr2C6H3.
A Fatal Case of Babesiosis in Missouri: Identification of Another Piroplasm That Infects Humans (1996)

Although MO1 is probably distinct from B. divergens, the two share morphologic, antigenic, and genetic characteristics; MO1 probably represents a Babesia species not previously recognized to have infected humans. Medical personnel should be aware that patients in the United States can have life-threatening babesiosis even though they are seronegative to B. microti and WA1 antigen.
Somatic gene transfer of NGF to the aged brain: behavioral and morphological amelioration (1995)

Primary fibroblasts modified to secrete nerve growth factor (NGF) were implanted into the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) of aged memory impaired rats. The NGF-producing fibroblasts survived for 6 weeks following transplantation and continued expressing NGF mRNA through the duration of the experiment. A significant amelioration of the memory impairment and a significant increase in size and number of low-affinity NGF receptor (p75)-positive neurons in the basal forebrain were observed. Implantation of NGF-producing cells into normal young adult rats resulted in a transient but significant memory impairment and hypertrophy of low-affinity NGF receptor-positive neurons. These results show that naturally occurring age-related memory loss can be reversed by grafting cells engineered to secrete NGF directly to the NBM, and that either cholinergic hyper- or hypofunction may lead to cognitive impairments.
Spatial effects on supported catalysts (1987)

The research is focused on the investigation of steady-state multiplicities and instabilities in heterogeneous catalytic reactions. Discussed in this article are recent work on these subjects and a new experimental tool, infrared thermography or infrared imaging, which has been proven useful in our studies and holds promise for more extensive application in catalysis research. Considerable attention has been given in the literature for the past couple of decades to theoretical and experimental studies of multiple steady states and instabilities in reacting systems, including heterogeneous catalytic reactions. With few exceptions, however, previous studies have invoked an ideal picture for the spatial description of the catalytic surface. In cases of a single particle, the picture usually has been one of uniform intrinsic activity. In assemblages of particles, such as in fixed-bed reactors, individual particles are usually taken to be identical and communication among them to be perfect in some cases, or simply described by a dispersion coefficient applicable to the entire catalyst mass in others.