gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of betahistine for the prevention of seasickness: Effect on vestibular function, psychomotor performance and efficacy at sea (2003)

Betahistine was evaluated for the prevention of seasickness in a laboratory and sea study. The effect of 48 mg betahistine on the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and on psychomotor performance was evaluated in twelve young healthy subjects in a double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized, crossover design. The vestibulo-ocular reflex was evaluated by the Sinusoidal Harmonic Acceleration (SHA) test at frequencies of 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08 and 0.16 Hz. Psychomotor performance was assessed by both computerized and paper and pencil test batteries. No significant differences in VOR gain or phase were found between betahistine and placebo treatment for any of the frequencies tested. No significant differences were found between treatments for any of the psychomotor performance tests or other possible side effects. The effect of 48 mg betahistine on seasickness severity was evaluated in 83 subjects during a voyage in rough seas. Betahistine had a borderline non-statistically significant effect on the prevention of seasickness in comparison with placebo (p = 0.053), with no notable side effects. Although our results are insufficient to recommend betahistine as an anti-seasickness drug, further studies are required to determine its possible effectiveness in less provocative motion sickness situations.
Determination of kinetic constants for peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerases by an improved spectrophotometric assay [Erratum to document cited in CA115(1):3687h] (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleDetermination of kinetic constants for peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerases by an improved spectrophotometric assay [Erratum to document cited in CA115(1):3687h]James L. Kofron, Petr Kuzmic, Vimal Kishore, Esther Colon-Bonilla, and Daniel H. RichCite this: Biochemistry 1991, 30, 44, 10818Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00108a031https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00108a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views136Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Renal Denervation after Symplicity HTN-3: An Update (2014)

After three years of excessive confidence, overoptimistic expectations and performance of 15 to 20,000 renal denervation procedures in Europe, the failure of a single well-designed US trial--Symplicity HTN-3--to meet its primary efficacy endpoint has cast doubt on renal denervation as a whole. The use of a sound methodology, including randomisation and blinded endpoint assessment was enough to see the typical 25-30 mmHg systolic blood pressure decrease observed after renal denervation melt down to less than 3 mmHg, the rest being likely explained by Hawthorne and placebo effects, attenuation of white coat effect, regression to the mean and other physician and patient-related biases. The modest blood pressure benefit directly assignable to renal denervation should be balanced with unresolved safety issues, such as potentially increased risk of renal artery stenosis after the procedure (more than ten cases reported up to now, most of them in 2014), unclear long-term impact on renal function and lack of morbidity-mortality data. Accordingly, there is no doubt that renal denervation is not ready for clinical use. Still, renal denervation is supported by a strong rationale and is occasionally followed by major blood pressure responses in at-risk patients who may otherwise have remained uncontrolled. Upcoming research programmes should focus on identification of those few patients with truly resistant hypertension who may derive a substantial benefit from the technique, within the context of well-designed randomised trials and independent registries. While electrical stimulation of baroreceptors and other interventional treatments of hypertension are already "knocking at the door", the premature and uncontrolled dissemination of renal denervation should remain an example of what should not be done, and trigger radical changes in evaluation processes of new devices by national and European health authorities.
Replacement mutagenesis of the human cytomegalovirus genome: US10 and US11 gene products are nonessential (1991)

The US6 gene family, located within the unique short region (US) of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) genome, contains six open reading frames (US6 through US11) which may encode glycoproteins, such as gcII (D. Gretch, B. Kari, R. Gehrz, and M. Stinski, J. Virol. 62:1956-1962, 1988). By homologous recombination, several different recombinant HCMV were created which contain a marker gene, beta-glucuronidase, inserted within this gene family. It was demonstrated that beta-glucuronidase has utility as a marker gene for the identification of recombinants in this herpesvirus system, without the occurrence of deletions in other regions of the viral genome. DNA and RNA blot analyses attested to the fidelity of the recombination. Immunoprecipitation experiments using monospecific polyclonal antisera indicated that the US10 and/or US11 gene products were not expressed in the recombinants, as predicted. These results, along with single-cycle growth analyses, indicated that the US10 and US11 gene products are nonessential for virus replication and growth in tissue culture. HCMV recombinants expressing beta-glucuronidase seemed to be genetically stable.
Early Detection of Prostate Cancer: AUA Guideline (2013)

The Panel recommended shared decision-making for men age 55 to 69 years considering PSA-based screening, a target age group for whom benefits may outweigh harms. Outside this age range, PSA-based screening as a routine could not be recommended based on the available evidence.
Autoclavable low cost serum‐free cell culture media. The growth of L Cells and BHK cells on peptones (1975)

Abstract The growth of L‐929 cells on a series of peptones, and protein hydrolysates was examined, and it was found that when MEM was supplemented with any of a series of peptones, cell growth was about as good as when serum was used as a supplement. Protein hydrolysates did not support cell growth very well and at higher concentrations actually reduced cell growth. L‐929 and L‐60TM cells were grown both as monolayers or stationary suspensions and in agitated systems in MEM supplemented with 0.5—1% bactopeptone. The addition of macromolecular compounds, insulin or oleic acid had no effect on cell growth. BHK cells were also grown on media supplemented with bactopeptone but richer media (MEM‐alpha, F‐12, or RMPI1640) gave higher cell yields. The cells did not form the monolayers observed with fetal calf serum, but a partial suspension system. Addition of a detergent Darvan #2 gave a totally suspension culture in both stationary and agitated systems. The production of Sindbis virus in BHK cells grown in serum‐free media was examined and the yield of virus was found to be about the same as that produced in serum‐supplemented systems. It is estimated that the cost of cell production media could be reduced by about 90% by the replacement of serum supplement by peptones.
ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitin-protein conjugates. (1984)

Previous studies have indicated that the ATP-requiring conjugation of ubiquitin with proteins plays a role in the energy-dependent degradation of intracellular proteins. To examine whether such conjugates are indeed intermediates in protein breakdown, conjugates of 125I-labeled lysozyme with ubiquitin were isolated and incubated with a fraction of reticulocyte extract that lacks the enzymes that carry out ubiquitin-protein conjugation. ATP markedly stimulated degradation of the lysozyme moiety of ubiquitin conjugates to products soluble in trichloroacetic acid. By contrast, free 125I-labeled lysozyme was not degraded under these conditions, unless ubiquitin and the three enzymes required for ubiquitin conjugation were supplemented. Mg2+ was absolutely required for conjugate breakdown. Of various nucleotides, only CTP replaced ATP. Nonhydrolyzable analogs of ATP were not effective. In the absence of ATP, free lysozyme is released from ubiquitin-lysozyme conjugates by isopeptidases present in the extract. Thus, ATP is involved in both the formation and the breakdown of ubiquitin-protein conjugates.
A Targeted Agent for Sickle Cell Disease — Changing the Protein but Not the Gene (2019)

Affecting an estimated 100,000 Americans and millions worldwide, sickle cell disease is among the most common inherited blood disorders in humans and is associated with profound complications and premature death.1,2 The pathophysiology of sickle cell disease begins with a single amino acid substitution in the β-globin chain that creates mutant hemoglobin S (HbS) that can polymerize in red cells under certain conditions. HbS polymerization results in a very complex cascade of processes that include erythrocyte sickling, intravascular hemolysis with release of cell-free hemoglobin, increased adhesion of red cells to the endothelium of blood vessels, activation of platelets, production of inflammatory . . .
[Effect of rejuvenation on the rheologic properties of stored erythrocytes]. (1994)

Buffycoat free red cell concentrates in a medium composed of sodium chloride, adenine, glucose and mannitol (SAGM) stored for 42 days at +4 degrees C were rejuvenated by a solution which contained pyruvate, inosine, disodiumphosphate and adenine (PIPA). The rheological behaviour of red cells was measured before and after rejuvenation by viscosimetry of red cell suspensions (hematocrit 45%) at various intervals during the storage period. The deformability of the red cells during storage was determined also before and after rejuvenation by measurement of the viscosity of hard packed cells (hematocrit 98%). The results show improvement of the rheological properties by rejuvenation. Moreover it is shown that incubation of the red cells at 37 degrees C for two hours without rejuvenation solution decreases the viscosity.
Whole genome PCR: application to the identification of sequences bound by gene regulatory protein (1989)

A strategy is described that allows the isolation of DNA sequences that can bind to gene regulatory proteins. Total genomic DNA is first converted to a form that is suitable for amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (Whole Genome PCR), and the DNA sequences of interest are selected by binding to the regulatory protein and immune precipitation. Because sequences recovered from the selection step can be amplified by PCR, the selection process can be designed for maximum enrichment with little concern about recovery. Furthermore, the selection process can be repeated as often as necessary. Sequences recovered after amplification can be cloned and/or used as hybridization probes. As a test of this strategy, we selected human sequences that bound to Xenopus transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA). Seven clones were isolated that were on the average 94% identical to the previously described 61 bp binding site of TFIIIA. This strategy could be adapted to isolate sequences that can be selected by any physical or biological method.
Spatial texture in AirSAR images of the Greenland ice sheet (2002)

This work presents studies of the spatial structure (texture) of SAR images of ice sheets and its role in their interpretation and classification. JPL, polarimetric AirSAR data of the southwestern part of the Greenland ice sheet is analysed using first order statistics, the power law semivariogram (PSV), and the grey level cooccurrence matrix (GLCM) techniques to determine the extent to which areas of wet snow and ice facies can be distinguished. First order statistics are not able to discriminate these classes. The PSV and GLCM techniques work at P band, especially in the case of the cross-polarized data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Diethylenetriamine-Mediated Direct Cleavage of Unactivated Carbamates and Ureas (2016)

Diethylenetriamine is effective for the direct cleavage of unactivated carbamates and ureas without additional reagents and catalysts. Various carbamates and ureas were cleaved to afford products in good yield, and the reactions were not affected by air or moisture. Unique chemoselective cleavage of carbamate and urea in the presence of amides was also achieved.
Modulation of Human Heat Shock Factor Trimerization by the Linker Domain (1999)

Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) are stress-responsive proteins that activate the expression of heat shock genes and are highly conserved from bakers' yeast to humans. Under basal conditions, the human HSF1 protein is maintained as an inactive monomer through intramolecular interactions between two coiled-coil domains and interactions with heat shock proteins; upon environmental, pharmacological, or physiological stress, HSF1 is converted to a homotrimer that binds to its cognate DNA binding site with high affinity. To dissect regions of HSF1 that make important contributions to the stability of the monomer under unstressed conditions, we have used functional complementation in bakers' yeast as a facile assay system. Whereas wild-type human HSF1 is restrained as an inactive monomer in yeast that is unable to substitute for the essential yeast HSF protein, mutations in the linker region between the DNA binding domain and the first coiled-coil allow HSF1 to homotrimerize and rescue the viability defect of a hsfDelta strain. Fine mapping by functional analysis of HSF1-HSF2 chimeras and point mutagenesis revealed that a small region in the amino-terminal portion of the HSF1 linker is required for maintenance of HSF1 in the monomeric state in both yeast and in transfected human 293 cells. Although linker regions in transcription factors are known to modulate DNA binding specificity, our studies suggest that the human HSF1 linker plays no role in determining HSF1 binding preferences in vivo but is a critical determinant in regulating the HSF1 monomer-trimer equilibrium.
Low spectral modulation high-power output from a new AlGaAs superluminescent diode/optical amplifier structure (1989)

A double-heterojunction angled stripe AlGaAs device consisting of an index-guided ridge waveguide with gain-guided facet regions has produced cw output powers of 20 mW with less than 1% spectral modulation from a 300-μm-long diode. These properties enable these devices to have important use in high-sensitivity fiber optic gyroscopes and as broadband traveling-wave optical amplifiers.
The Direct Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Target Fasting-induced Adipose Factor (FIAF/PGAR/ANGPTL4) Is Present in Blood Plasma as a Truncated Protein That Is Increased by Fenofibrate Treatment (2004)

The fasting-induced adipose factor (FIAF, ANGPTL4, PGAR, HFARP) was previously identified as a novel adipocytokine that was up-regulated by fasting, by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists, and by hypoxia. To further characterize FIAF, we studied regulation of FIAF mRNA and protein in liver and adipose cell lines as well as in human and mouse plasma. Expression of FIAF mRNA was up-regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and PPARbeta/delta agonists in rat and human hepatoma cell lines and by PPARgamma and PPARbeta/delta agonists in mouse and human adipocytes. Transactivation, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and gel shift experiments identified a functional PPAR response element within intron 3 of the FIAF gene. At the protein level, in human and mouse blood plasma, FIAF was found to be present both as the native protein and in a truncated form. Differentiation of mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes was associated with the production of truncated FIAF, whereas in human white adipose tissue and SGBS adipocytes, only native FIAF could be detected. Interestingly, truncated FIAF was produced by human liver. Treatment with fenofibrate, a potent PPARalpha agonist, markedly increased plasma levels of truncated FIAF, but not native FIAF, in humans. Levels of both truncated and native FIAF showed marked interindividual variation but were not associated with body mass index and were not influenced by prolonged semistarvation. Together, these data suggest that FIAF, similar to other adipocytokines such as adiponectin, may partially exert its function via a truncated form.
Determination of lead in urine and whole blood by stable isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (1994)

A stable isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method is described for the determination of lead (Pb) in urine and whole blood. The use of lithium bis(trifluoroethyl)dithiocarbamate Pb(FDEDTC) as a chelating agent showed strong memory effect, restricting the range of Pb isotope ratios that can be measured in unknown samples. To overcome this carryover problem, we further derivatized the Pb(FDEDTC)2 chelate with 4-fluorophenyl magnesium bromide to form Pb(FC6H4)4. The sequential analyses of solutions of natural Pb and enriched 204Pb with Pb(FC6H4)4 chelate by GC-MS demonstrated no observable memory effect. Precision and accuracy of Pb isotope ratio measurements with Pb(FC6H4)4 were established, and the isotope dilution GC-MS method was validated by determining Pb concentrations in urine standards from the National Institute of Standards and Technology, urine and blood reference materials from the New York State Department of Health, and blood Pb survey samples from the College of American Pathologists.
PPP in HDLC-like Framing (1994)

This document describes the use of HDLC-like framing for PPP
encapsulated packets. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
Learning to Modulate Transmitter Release: Themes and Variations in Synaptic Plasticity (1993)

Learning is the modification of behavior by experience, and memory is the retention of that modification over time. As learning and memory have become accessible to study with the techniques of cellular and molecular biology, a variety of cellular mechanisms of neuronal plasticity have now been identified that are thought to contribute to different forms of learning in invertebrates and vertebrates (for reviews, see Alkon & Rasmussen 1988; Byrne 1987; Carew & Sahley 1986; Hawkins et al 1987; Ito 1 989; Nicoll et a11988; Thompson 1986). Therefore, researchers can now attempt to define basic principles of learning by comparing these mechanisms and asking: What do they have in common, and how are they different? Until quite recently, these questions proved surprisingly difficult to answer. Different forms of neuronal plasticity appeared to predominate in different forms oflearning, in different regions of the brain, and in different species. In mammals, for example, at least two quite different synaptic mechanisms appeared to operate in different regions of the hippocampus, a structure critical for learning. Moreover, these two mechanisms seemed to differ from those encountered in such invertebrates as Aplysia, Her­ missenda, and Drosophila. However, recent cellular studies on hippo-
Isolation of Borrelia burgdorferi (Spirochaetales: Spirochaetaceae) from Ixodes scapularis and Dermacentor albipictus Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Oklahoma (1992)

Borrelia burgdorferi was isolated from Ixodes scapularis Say and Dermacentor albipictus Packard that were removed as partially fed adults from white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann, in Oklahoma. Isolation in media was accomplished only after homogenates of pooled field-collected ticks were inoculated into laboratory-reared Peromyscus leucopus and reisolated from the urinary bladder into BSK II media. Both isolates were confirmed by western blot analysis and reactivity with monoclonal antibody H5332. These are the first reported isolates of B. burgdorferi from Oklahoma from these two tick species and are the first isolates from ticks from the south-central United States that were infective for laboratory-reared P. leucopus.
Radio Tags Speed Compound Synthesis (1995)

A new process promises to speed up the already rapid technology called combinatorial chemistry. The new technique uses microchips to keep track of the way chemical building blocks are assembled in potentially millions of individual combinations.
Use of bacterial luciferase to establish a promoter probe vehicle capable of nondestructive real-time analysis of gene expression in Bacillus spp (1987)

We report the construction and use of a new promoter probe vehicle capable of allowing extremely sensitive measurements of transcriptional activity promoted from random, chromosomal DNA fragment inserts. Coupled with the advantage of sensitivity, the detection system is noninvasive, nondestructive, and provides real-time reportage of expression potential. These latter aspects make it an especially valuable system for a continuing analysis of the complex transcriptional regulation patterns now recognized as a dominant control feature during the differentiation and morphogenesis characteristic of the sporulation cycle in Bacillus species. In this respect we describe the isolation of DNA fragments from B. megaterium and B. subtilis capable of initiating transcription in both the respective parent organisms and, in certain instances, also in Escherichia coli. Detailed luminescence studies showed that several promoter regions which are entirely or substantially developmentally controlled were isolated.
Increased loss of chromosome 9p21 but not p16 inactivation in primary non-small cell lung cancer from smokers. (2001)

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a causal association between tobacco use and carcinoma of the lung, and some genetic targets of the carcinogens in cigarette smoke have been defined recently. We further examined the effect of cigarette smoking on the frequency of allelic losses on chromosome 9p21 and the incidence of p16 inactivation. Chromosomal loss at 9p21-24 was determined by microsatellite analysis using 14 markers in 47 patients with non-small cell lung cancer. In addition, p16 gene inactivation was determined by DNA sequence analysis, methylation-specific PCR, and immunohistochemistry. Tumors from a group of nonsmokers (n = 14) were compared with tumors from a group of smokers (n = 33) matched for cell type, tumor stage, and gender. Allelic loss encompassing the p16 locus was present significantly (P = 0.01) more often in smokers (23 of 33 smokers, 70%) than in nonsmokers (4 of 14 nonsmokers, 28%). No significant differences in the frequency of p16 inactivation were observed between smokers and nonsmokers (45% versus 36%). However, homozygous deletion of the p16 gene locus and point mutation of p16 gene were only observed in tumors from smokers, whereas the p16 gene was inactivated in tumors from nonsmokers only through promoter hypermethylation. Thus, inactivation of the p16 gene is a common event in all non-small cell lung cancer, but the mechanism of gene alteration differs between smokers and nonsmokers. The significant link between tobacco and loss of the p16 locus identifies additional genetic targets of smoking in the pathogenesis of lung cancer.