gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A NEW INTEGRATED VIDEO SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS (1998)

An exciting new machine vision technology has emerged to complement the current vehicle detection technology in Intelligent Transportation Systems applications. Machine vision sensor technology offers several advantages over conventional in-pavement sensors in traffic management. However, current systems do not meet certain needs of advanced traffic management. Whereas virtually all the deployed and operational machine vision sensors are multi-camera units, there are potential applications where multiple cameras are not needed. Examples in which multi-camera units may not be appropriate are downtown intersections of one-way streets, work zone monitoring, data collection, and arterial status monitoring. A new class of machine vision sensor is emerging to fill this need. This new sensor integrates the camera optics with an image processor to offer the traffic engineer choices such as incident detection, queue size measurement, turning movement extraction, vehicle tracking, and traditional loop emulation in a compact single-camera package. Such an integrated unit does not require a relatively expensive multi-camera processor box or chassis. It also reduces infrastructure installation cost by eliminating the need for the transmission of high bandwidth video from the camera to the processor. It establishes a new standard and opens up exciting possibilities of a whole new breed of systems that could lead to much wider scale accelerated deployment of non- intrusive, wide area sensors. This new technology is currently being deployed in downtown Minneapolis in partnership with the Minnesota Department of Transportation. The deployment is a part of the Adaptive Urban Signal Control and Integration operational test of the Split Cycle Offset Optimization Technique adaptive control sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration
Impaired cyclic nucleotide-dependent vasorelaxation in human umbilical artery smooth muscle (1995)

Activation of either the adenylate cyclase pathway with forskolin or the guanylate cyclase pathway with sodium nitroprusside fails to induce active relaxation of serotonin-precontracted human umbilical artery smooth muscle (HUASM) but causes active relaxation of serotonin-precontracted bovine carotid artery smooth muscle (BCASM). This difference in response appears to be unique to HUASM in that all other vascular muscles exhibit relaxation in response to these substances. Forskolin and sodium nitroprusside stimulation leads to respective increases in intracellular adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) concentrations in HUASM and BCASM. cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases are both present in HUASM and can be activated in homogenates of HUASM by the addition of exogenous cAMP and cGMP, respectively. When either forskolin or nitroprusside acts in BCASM, two low-molecular-weight proteins display an increase in the extent of phosphorylation. Neither protein shows such an increase when HUASM is treated with either agent. Thus the inability of HUASM to display active relaxation appears to be secondary to impaired activation of cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases. The refractoriness to active relaxation may contribute to the vasospasm that occurs in the umbilical vasculature with parturition.
Segmentation of people in motion (2002)

A method for segmenting monocular images of people in motion from a cinematic sequence of frames is described. This method is based on image intensities, motion, and an object model-i.e., a model of the image of a person in motion. Though each part of a person may move in different directions at any instant, the time averaged motion of all parts must converge to a global average value over a few seconds. People in an image may be occluded by other people, and usually it is not easy to detect their boundaries. These boundaries can be detected with motion information if they move in different directions, even if there are almost no apparent differences among object intensities or colors. Each image of a person in a scene usually can be divided into several parts, each with distinct intensities or colors. The parts of a person can be merged into a single group by an iterative merging algorithm based on the object model and the motion information because the parts move coherently. This merging is analogous to the property of perceptual grouping in human visual perception of motion. Experiments based on a sequence of complex real scenes produced results that are supportive of the authors approach to the segmentation of people in motion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Peptide‐induced T cell receptor down‐regulation on naive T cells predicts agonist/partial agonist properties and strictly correlates with T cell activation (1997)

Recent experiments defining T cell agonists, partial agonists and antagonists have suggested that the T cell can discriminate between subtle differences in interactions leading to T cell activation. To further understand the complexities of T cell activation, we have analyzed the requirements for the induction of a variety of effector functions using naive T cells and a variety of altered peptide ligands. Using a strong agonist peptide, massive T cell receptor (TCR) down-regulation correlated with a wide range of effector functions that were all induced above the same threshold peptide concentration. Interestingly, the kinetics of TCR down-regulation correlated with the concentration of the peptide, whereas the maximal degree of TCR down-regulation correlated with the induction of all monitored effector functions. A selected group of altered peptide ligands was also examined that were able to render target cells susceptible for lysis by effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The extent of TCR down-regulation induced by these peptides corresponded to the induction of a subset of effector functions. These studies have shown that the extent of TCR down-regulation defines the strength of TCR-mediated "signal 1" which correlates with the spectrum of effector functions activated within the T cell. Thus, activation of different T cell functions requires the triggering of distinct numbers of TCR. The different parameters that influence TCR down-regulation define important distinctions between our results and previously reported findings with T cell clones and may outline decisive parameters for the consequences of T cell activation in vivo.
Detection of Methylated Apoptosis-Associated Genes in Urine Sediments of Bladder Cancer Patients (2004)

Our results indicate that methylation of the 5' region of apoptosis-associated genes is a common finding in patients with bladder carcinoma. The ability to detect methylation not only in bladder tissue, but also in urine sediments, suggests that methylation markers are promising tools for noninvasive detection of bladder cancers. Our results also indicate that some methylation markers, such as those in regions of RASSF1A and TNFRSF25, might be of limited use for detection because they are also methylated in normal bladder tissues.
Cell morphology and intracellular ionic homeostasis explored with a multimodal approach combining epifluorescence and digital holographic microscopy (2010)

The authors have developed a live-cell multimodality microscope combining epifluorescence with digital holographic microscopy; it has been implemented with a decoupling procedure allowing to separately measure from the quantitative phase important cell parameters including absolute volume, shape and integral intracellular refractive index. In combination with the numerous different specific fluorescent cellular probes, this multimodality microscopy can address important issues in cell biology. This is demonstrated by the study of intracellular calcium homeostasis associated with the change in cell volume, which play a critical role in the excitotoxicity-induced neuronal death.
Performance Guarantees on ATM Networks (2005)

Recent developments in ATM technology has made multiplexing of a wide range of traffic with diverse performance requirements important. The statistical multiplexing of several traffic types such as voice, video and data can lead to network congestion thus violating the quality of service (QOS) guarantees. In order to meet the performance requirements of the applications an efficient transport protocol and congestion control mechanism becomes necessary. We propose a transport mechanism for guaranteeing application required QOS requirements over an ATM network. Leaky-bucket congestion control scheme is used as the traffic policing mechanism. Source characterization of voice and video are modeled as Markov Modulated Poisson Processes (MMPP) and the proposed transport mechanism is evaluated by simulation on a single and multihop network with multimedia traffic. The performance of the scheme is examined as a function of source characteristics and the effect of statistical multiplexing is also investigated. The results indicate that the leaky-bucket scheme and statistical multiplexing are more effective for bursty traffic. This calls for a dynamic control mechanism to achieve optimal system utilization with guaranteed QOS.
Phase noise in externally injection-locked oscillator arrays (1997)

Previous investigations of noise in mutually synchronized coupled-oscillator systems are extended to include the effects of phase noise introduced by externally injected signals. The analysis is developed for arbitrarily coupled arrays and an arbitrary collection of coherent injected signals, and is illustrated with the specific case of linear chains of nearest neighbor coupled oscillators either globally locked (locking signal applied to each array element) or with the locking signal applied to a single-array element. It is shown that the general behavior is qualitatively similar to a single injection-locked oscillator, with the output noise tracking the injected noise near the carrier, and returning to the free-running array noise far from the carrier, with intermediate behavior significantly influenced by the number of array elements and injection strength. The theory is validated using a five-element GaAs MESFET oscillator array operating at S-band.
Solvent extraction of lipids from soybeans with acidic hexane (1983)

Abstract Hexane and hexane containing 5% acetic acid (v/v) were used to extract lipids from soybean at room temperature and at 60 C. Hexane/acetic acid extractions yielded ca. 11% more total lipids and ca. 6–10% more neutral oil than did hexane extractions. Hexane/ acetic acid extraction at room temperature yielded the same or slightly more neutral oil than did hexane at 60 C. Thirty‐five times more phosphorus was extracted with hexane/acetic acid than with hexane; this phosphorus represented ca. 46% of the phospholipid phosphorus of soybean. Also, when hexane/acetic acid was used as the solvent, the separation of miscella from marc by filtration was about twice as rapid as the separation when hexane alone was the solvent.
How do 14‐3‐3 proteins work? – Gatekeeper phosphorylation and the molecular anvil hypothesis (2001)

14‐3‐3 proteins were the first signaling molecules to be identified as discrete phosphoserine/threonine binding modules. This family of proteins, which includes seven isotypes in human cells and up to 15 in plants, plays critical roles in cell signaling events that control progress through the cell cycle, transcriptional alterations in response to environmental cues, and programmed cell death. Despite over 30 years of research, distinct roles for most isotypes remain unknown. Though 14‐3‐3 proteins perform different functions for different ligands, general mechanisms of 14‐3‐3 action include changes in activity of bound ligands, altered association of bound ligands with other cellular components, and changes in intracellular localization of 14‐3‐3‐bound cargo. We present a speculative model where binding of 14‐3‐3 to multiple sites on some ligands results in global ligand conformational changes that mediate their biological effects. For these multi‐site ligands, one binding site is likely to function as a ‘gatekeeper’ whose phosphorylation is necessary for 14‐3‐3 binding but may not always be sufficient for full biological activity. If correct, then 14‐3‐3 may prove to be a bona fide phosphodependent signaling chaperone.
Newsgroup Clustering Based On User Behavior - A Recommendation Algebra (1994)

User models are a tool for guiding system behavior in interactive systems, and their utility and properties, desirable and undesirable, have been investigated in this context. There are several ways of utilizing information about the user that have not been implemented, however. In this paper a scheme for users to peek at other users&amp;apos; user models to extract information is proposed, in an information retrieval or information filtering domain. The material used for the study is a set of .newsrc files. Keywords Data extraction from user models; clustering. Background Compared to an ordinarily untidy bookcase computerized systems for information retrieval may not always be better. In a normal bookcase interesting documents may be found next to each other, and someone looking for a certain document may unexpectedly find other interesting documents in the vicinity. They are interesting because someone placed them there, and they are placed there because they have some relation to the orig...
Plasma Substance P Levels in Patients with Persistent Cough (2011)

Increased levels of SP in plasma are associated with persistent cough in humans and might be related to airway sensitivity in asthmatic cough.
Plant transformation by microinjection techniques (1990)

Several techniques have been developed for introducing cloned genes into plant cells. Vectorless delivery systems such as PEG‐mediated direct DNA uptake (e.g. Pasz‐kowski et al. 1984), electroporation (e.g. Shillito et al. 1985), and fusion of protoplasts with liposomes (Deshayes et al. 1985) are routinely used in many experiments (see several chapters of this issue). A wide range of plant species, dicotyledonous as well as monocotyledonous, has been transformed by these vectorless DNA transfer systems. However, the availability of an efficient protoplast regeneration system is a prerequisite for the application of these techniques. For cells with intact cell walls and tissue explants the biological delivery system of virulent Agrobacterium species has been routinely used (for review see Fraley et al. 1986). However, the host range of Agrobacterium restricts the plant species, which can be transformed using this vector system. In addition, all these methods depend on selection systems for recovery of transformants. Therefore a selection system has to be established first for plant species to be transformed. The microinjection technique is a direct physical approach, and therefore host‐range independent, for introducing substances under microscopical control into defined cells without damaging them. These two facts differentiate this technique from other physical approaches, such as biolistic transformation and macroinjection (see chapters in this issue). In these other techniques, damaging of cells and random manipulation of cells without optical control cannot be avoided so far. In recent years microinjection technology found its application in plant sciences, whereas this technique has earlier been well established for transformation of animal tissue culture cells (Capecchi 1980) and the production of transgenic animals (Brin‐ster et al. 1981, Rusconi and Schaffner 1981). Furthermore, different parameters affecting the DNA transfer via microinjection, such as the nature of microinjected DNA, and cell cycle stage, etc, have been investigated extensively in animal cells (Folger et al. 1982, Wong and Capecchi 1985), while analogous experiments on plant cells are still lacking.
Action Potentials Initiate in the Axon Initial Segment and Propagate through Axon Collaterals Reliably in Cerebellar Purkinje Neurons (2010)

Purkinje neurons are the output cells of the cerebellar cortex and generate spikes in two distinct modes, known as simple and complex spikes. Revealing the point of origin of these action potentials, and how they conduct into local axon collaterals, is important for understanding local and distal neuronal processing and communication. By using a recent improvement in voltage-sensitive dye imaging technique that provided exceptional spatial and temporal resolution, we were able to resolve the region of spike initiation as well as follow spike propagation into axon collaterals for each action potential initiated on single trials. All fast action potentials, for both simple and complex spikes, whether occurring spontaneously or in response to a somatic current pulse or synaptic input, initiated in the axon initial segment. At discharge frequencies of less than approximately 250 Hz, spikes propagated faithfully through the axon and axon collaterals, in a saltatory manner. Propagation failures were only observed for very high frequencies or for the spikelets associated with complex spikes. These results demonstrate that the axon initial segment is a critical decision point in Purkinje cell processing and that the properties of axon branch points are adjusted to maintain faithful transmission.
Nanomaterials enhanced surface plasmon resonance for biological and chemical sensing applications (2014)

The main challenge for all electrical, mechanical and optical sensors is to detect low molecular weight (less than 400 Da) chemical and biological analytes under extremely dilute conditions. Surface plasmon resonance sensors are the most commonly used optical sensors due to their unique ability for real-time monitoring the molecular binding events. However, their sensitivities are insufficient to detect trace amounts of small molecular weight molecules such as cancer biomarkers, hormones, antibiotics, insecticides, and explosive materials which are respectively important for early-stage disease diagnosis, food quality control, environmental monitoring, and homeland security protection. With the rapid development of nanotechnology in the past few years, nanomaterials-enhanced surface plasmon resonance sensors have been developed and used as effective tools to sense hard-to-detect molecules within the concentration range between pmol and amol. In this review article, we reviewed and discussed the latest trend and challenges in engineering and applications of nanomaterials-enhanced surface plasmon resonance sensors (e.g., metallic nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, carbon-based nanomaterials, latex nanoparticles and liposome nanoparticles) for detecting "hard-to-identify" biological and chemical analytes. Such information will be viable in terms of providing a useful platform for designing future ultrasensitive plasmonic nanosensors.
Pédagogie et étude de la région (1986)

Gay François-Jean. Pédagogie et étude de la région. In: Études Normandes, 35e année, n°1, 1986. Caen (2) : Hier, aujourd'hui, demain. pp. 75-77.
Ferroelectric liquid-crystal digital scanner (1990)

The design and performance of a digital scanner based on ferroelectric liquid-crystal switchable wave plates and passive nematic liquid-crystal prisms are reported. The liquid-crystal prisms function as low-cost, integrable, lowangle birefringent prisms. A 1 x 64 scanner was built with -5.3 dB of average loss. By using an active filter, the limiting mispolarization cross talk of the scanner was reduced from -13 dB to less than -25 dB.
Water-Soluble Resins: An Industrial Guide (1992)

The second edition of this popular industrial guide contains descriptions of more than 1100 currently available water-soluble resins, supplied by 47 manufacturers or distributors of these products. Both natural and synthetic resins are described, including cellulose ethers; collagens, gelatins; natural gums; and synthetic resins, their dispersions, emulsions, and solutions. Only the most recent information has been included.
Peer‐led interventions to prevent tobacco, alcohol and/or drug use among young people aged 11–21 years: a systematic review and meta‐analysis (2015)

Peer interventions may be effective in preventing tobacco, alcohol and possibly cannabis use among adolescents, although the evidence base is limited overall, and is characterized mainly by small studies of low quality.
miRNA studies inin vitroandin vivoactivated hepatic stellate cells (2011)

To understand which and how different miRNAs are implicated in the process of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation.
Recombinant Human Soluble Thrombomodulin in Sepsis-Induced Coagulopathy: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2018)

Even in this updated review including the latest SCARLET trial, we currently cannot make any declarative judgments about the beneficial effects of rhTM in sepsis-induced coagulopathy, although some favourable effects were suggested.
Dysregulation and prognostic potential of 5-methylcytosine (5mC), 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) levels in prostate cancer (2018)

This is the first comprehensive study of 5mC, 5hmC, 5fC, and 5caC levels in PC and the first report of a significant prognostic potential for 5caC in PC.
Evidence for In Vitro Binding of Pectin Side Chains to Cellulose (2005)

Pectins of varying structures were tested for their ability to interact with cellulose in comparison to the well-known adsorption of xyloglucan. Our results reveal that sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) and potato (Solanum tuberosum) pectins, which are rich in neutral sugar side chains, can bind in vitro to cellulose. The extent of binding varies with respect to the nature and structure of the side chains. Additionally, branched arabinans (Br-Arabinans) or debranched arabinans (Deb-Arabinans; isolated from sugar beet) and galactans (isolated from potato) were shown bind to cellulose microfibrils. The adsorption of Br-Arabinan and galactan was lower than that of Deb-Arabinan. The maximum adsorption affinity of Deb-Arabinan to cellulose was comparable to that of xyloglucan. The study of sugar beet and potato alkali-treated cell walls supports the hypothesis of pectin-cellulose interaction. Natural composites enriched in arabinans or galactans and cellulose were recovered. The binding of pectins to cellulose microfibrils may be of considerable significance in the modeling of primary cell walls of plants as well as in the process of cell wall assembly.