gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electroluminescence studies in silicon dioxide films containing tiny silicon islands (1984)

Electroluminescence from metal-insulator-semiconductor structures with silicon dioxide (SiO2) layers containing varying amounts of excess silicon (Si) in the form of tiny Si precipitates have been studied in detail. Bulk insulator emission from the Si islands is shown to dominate over emission from either the SiO2 matrix material or the metallic gate material by studies of oxide or metal gate material, voltage polarity, and insulator thickness dependencies. Several distinct spectral peaks are observed in the energy range from 1.5 to 5 eV which cannot be attributed to optical interference effects. The higher-energy peaks show a strong dependence on electric field relative to that at the lowest energy (1.7–2 eV). The entire spectral amplitude shows a strong dependence on high-temperature annealing and excess Si content, decreasing drastically with increasing Si or decreasing annealing temperature. These results are shown to be consistent with light emission during electronic transitions between discrete energy levels associated with Si islands and/or their interface with the SiO2 host matrix material. Quantum size effects, similar to those observed in semiconductor superlattices, are proposed as one possible explanation.
Retrograde ejaculation following anterior lumbar surgery: a systematic review and pooled analysis (2021)

In a pooled analysis of currently published data on men undergoing first-time open anterior lumbar surgery, this study found an overall incidence of RE of 2.3%. Nearly half of these patients recovered, reporting resolution of symptoms anywhere between 3 months and 48 months. Analysis of risk factors was limited by a paucity of published literature segregating data by sex. However, there was an increased risk associated with rhBMP-2 only when including data collected prior to the FDA warning on its detrimental properties. The authors therefore posit that the risk of RE is probably overestimated in the literature, given that the vast majority of the data available were collected prior to this warning and given the subsequent implementation of precautions when handling rhBMP-2.
Limit of blank, limit of detection and limit of quantitation. (2008)

* Limit of Blank (LoB), Limit of Detection (LoD), and Limit of Quantitation (LoQ) are terms used to describe the smallest concentration of a measurand that can be reliably measured by an analytical procedure. * LoB is the highest apparent analyte concentration expected to be found when replicates of a blank sample containing no analyte are tested. LoB = mean(blank) + 1.645(SD(blank)). * LoD is the lowest analyte concentration likely to be reliably distinguished from the LoB and at which detection is feasible. LoD is determined by utilising both the measured LoB and test replicates of a sample known to contain a low concentration of analyte. * LoD = LoB + 1.645(SD (low concentration sample)). * LoQ is the lowest concentration at which the analyte can not only be reliably detected but at which some predefined goals for bias and imprecision are met. The LoQ may be equivalent to the LoD or it could be at a much higher concentration.
Short Communication (1994)

Porcine factor XI and activated factor XI were purified by the introduction of affinity chromatography on high molecular mass kininogen. On the affinity chromatography, it was observed that high affinity exists between porcine factor XI and high molecular mass kininogen. In the preparation, however, factor XII, plasma prekallikrein and high molecular mass kininogen were not detected. The factor XI forms a dimer, and is a heterogeneous molecule, judging from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Substrate specificity of activated factor XI and inhibition profile of activated factor XI against proteinase inhibitors were investigated by comparison with those of bovine and human activated factor XI. From these results, the properties of porcine activated factor XI show great similarities with those of bovine and human activated factor XI.
Arachidonic Acid Inhibits Transient Potassium Currents and Broadens Action Potentials during Electrographic Seizures in Hippocampal Pyramidal and Inhibitory Interneurons (1997)

The transient outward potassium current was studied in outside-out macropatches excised from the soma of CA1 pyramidal neurons and stratum (st.) oriens-alveus inhibitory interneurons in rat hippocampal slices. Arachidonic acid dose dependently decreased the charge transfer associated with the transient current, concomitant with an increase in the rate of current inactivation. Arachidonic acid (AA) did not affect the voltage dependence of steady state inactivation but did prolong the period required for complete recovery from inactivation. The effects of AA were mimicked by the nonmetabolizable analog of AA, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid, suggesting that metabolic products of AA were not responsible for the observed blocking action. In addition, AA blocked st. oriens-alveus-lacunosum-moleculare interneuron transient currents but not currents recorded from basket cell interneurons. In current clamp experiments, AA was without effect on the action potential waveform of CA1 pyramidal neurons under control recording conditions. In voltage-clamp experiments, the use of a test pulse paradigm, designed to mimic the action potential voltage trajectory, revealed that the transient current normally associated with a single spike deactivates too rapidly for AA to have an effect. Transient currents activated by longer duration "action potential" waveforms, however, were attenuated by AA. Consistent with this finding was the observation that AA broadened interictal spikes recorded in the elevated [K+]o model of epilepsy. These data suggest that AA liberated from hippocampal neurons may act to block the transient current selectively in both CA1 pyramidal neurons and inhibitory interneurons and to broaden action potentials selectively under pathological conditions.
Optimization and efficiency of an object-oriented analysis-synthesis coder (1994)

An object-oriented analysis-synthesis coder is presented concentrating on the optimal relationship of its components image analysis, image synthesis and parameter coding and on a comparison of its coding efficiency for block-oriented hybrid coding. As the block-oriented hybrid coder, the RM8 of the CCITT is used. The presented object-oriented analysis-synthesis coder is based on the source model of moving flexible 2D-objects and encodes arbitrarily shaped objects instead of rectangular blocks. The objects are described by three parameter sets defining their motion, shape and colour (colour parameters denoting luminance as well as chrominance values of the object surface). The parameter sets of each object are obtained by image analysis and coded by an object dependent parameter coding. Using the coded parameter sets, an image can be reconstructed by model-based image synthesis. Experimental results show that transmitting shape information and allowing small position errors (geometrical distortions) avoids the mosquito and blocking artefacts of a block-oriented coder. Furthermore, important image areas such as facial areas can be reconstructed with an image quality improvement up to 4 dB using the image analysis. As a whole, the reconstructed image of an object-oriented analysis-synthesis coder appears sharper compared to block-oriented hybrid coding.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Modification of Electrodes with Dicarboxylate Self-Assembled Monolayers for Attachment and Detection of Nucleic Acids (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteModification of Electrodes with Dicarboxylate Self-Assembled Monolayers for Attachment and Detection of Nucleic AcidsMary E. Napier and H. Holden ThorpView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290 Cite this: Langmuir 1997, 13, 23, 6342–6344Publication Date (Web):November 12, 1997Publication History Received16 July 1997Revised2 September 1997Published online12 November 1997Published inissue 1 November 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la970796ohttps://doi.org/10.1021/la970796obrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views623Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Electrodes,Genetics,Guanine,Monolayers,Oxidation Get e-Alerts
Differential localization of two isoforms of the regulatory subunit RIIα of cAMP‐dependent protein kinase in human sperm: Biochemical and cytochemical study (1994)

In the present study, immunogold labeling of ultrathin sections of ejaculated sperm was used to obtain insight into the ultrastructural localization and presumable function of type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase in sperm motion. In the flagellum, a human-specific isoform of the RII alpha subunit was located on the axonemal microtubule wall, whereas a different isoform of broader specificity was present in the cytoplasm at the periphery of the coarse fibers and fibrous sheath. This isoform was also found in the mitochondria. The human-specific RII alpha subunit is likely linked to microtubules by a unique binding protein of M(r) 72 kD. These findings are in agreement with the concept of a concerted mechanism involving phosphorylation of both the axonemal microtubules and the fibrous structures for the regulation of mammalian sperm motion.
Derivation and Genetic Modification of Embryonic Stem Cells from Disease-Model Inbred Rat Strains (2013)

The lack of rat embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and approaches for manipulation of their genomes have restricted the ability to create new genetic models and to explore the function of a single gene in complex diseases in the laboratory rat. The recent breakthrough in isolating germline-competent ESCs from rat and subsequent demonstration of gene knockout has propelled the field forward, but such tools do not yet exist for many disease-model rat strains. Here we derive new ESCs from several commonly used rat models including the Dahl Salt Sensitive (SS), the sequenced Brown Norway (BN), and Fischer (F344) rat and establish the first germline-competent ESCs from a hypertension disease model strain, the Fawn Hooded Hypertensive (FHH) rat. Genetic manipulations including transgenesis mediated by lentivirus, routine homologous recombination, and homologous recombination mediated by zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) were performed effectively in FHH rat ESCs. Our results showed these rat ESC lines, isolated from inner cell masses using mechanical splitting, had germline competency; the Pparg gene locus and homologous genomic region to the mouse Rosa26 locus can be targeted effectively in these rat ESCs. Furthermore, our results also demonstrated that ZFNs increased the efficiency of proper homologous recombination in FHH rat ESCs using targeting vectors with short homology arms. These rat ESC lines and advancements in genetic manipulation pave the way to novel genetic approaches in this valuable biomedical model species and for exploration of complex disease in these strains.
Stimulation of B-cells via the membrane immunoglobulin receptor or with phorbol myristate 13-acetate induces tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of a 42-kDa microtubule-associated protein-2 kinase. (1991)

Engagement of membrane IgM on a number of human and murine B-cell lines induced activation of a Mn(2+)-preferring serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylated microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2) in vitro. B-cell MAP-2 kinase (MAP-2K) activity could be fractionated into two peaks by sequential DEAE and hydrophobic chromatography. Although peak I included two tyrosine phosphoproteins of molecular mass 36 and 38 kDa, peak II showed a single 42-kDa tyrosine phosphoprotein (pp42). Since all kinase activity could be removed from peak II material over an antiphosphotyrosine immune affinity column, it suggests that pp42 is identical with lymphoid MAP-2K. Although peak I activity showed a similarity to peak II with regard to its preference for Mn2+, sensitivity to phosphatase exposure, and resistance to a range of common serine kinase inhibitors, it is not clear whether these activities are related. MAP-2 kinase activity could also be induced by treatment with the phorbol ester, phorbol myristate 13-acetate, suggesting that protein kinase C may also be involved with MAP-2K regulation. Although MAP-2K activity reached a peak response within minutes of receptor ligation, there were differences in the rates of dephosphorylation of pp42 and decline of MAP-2K activity in different B-cell lines. The tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, vanadate, transformed a rapidly reversible MAP-2K response in BAL 17.2 cells into a sustained state of activation that resembled the kinetics of activation in WEHI-231 cells. The latter finding implies involvement of a tyrosine phosphatase, which opposes the effect of an inducing tyrosine kinase.
Surface micromachined micro-diaphragm pressure sensors (2002)

A micro-diaphragm pressure sensor with a silicon nitride diaphragm of 100 mu m diameter has been developed using surface micromachining (type-C). To increase the yield in the diaphragm forming process, the generation of hydrogen bubbles is reduced by eliminating the anisotropic etching of the silicon substrate and adopting a flat vacuum chamber fabricated by undercut etching of a polysilicon sacrificial layer. The sacrificial layer etching is carried out with a concentric circle around a central etch hole to reduce the stress concentration in the etching process. A tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide solution compatible with the LSI process is utilized as an etchant for polysilicon sacrificial etching. The arrangement of the polysilicon piezoresistors is determined according to stress analysis using a finite element method. The yield of the diaphragm forming process is improved to more than 90%. The pressure sensitivity of approximately 10 mu V/V/kPa is five times that of the conventional micro-diaphragm pressure sensor (type V).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Putting the wood back into our rivers: an experiment in river rehabilitation (2001)

SUMMARY: This paper presents an overview of a project established to assess the effectiveness of woody debris\n(WD) reintroduction as a river rehabilitation tool. An outline of an experiment is presented that aims to develop and\nassess the effectiveness of engineered log jams (ELJs) under Australian conditions, and to demonstrate the potential for\nusing a range of ELJs to stabilise a previously de-snagged, high energy gravel-bed channel. Furthermore, the\nexperiment will test the effectiveness of a reach based rehabilitation strategy to increase geomorphic variability and\nhence habitat diversity. While primarily focusing on the geomorphic and engineering aspects of the rehabilitation\nstrategy, fish and freshwater mussel populations are also being monitored. The project is located within an 1100m\nreach of the Williams River, NSW. Twenty separate ELJ structures were constructed, incorporating a total of 430 logs\nplaced without any artificial anchoring (e.g., no cabling or imported ballast). A geomorphic control reach was\nestablished 3.1 km upstream of the project reach. In the 6 months since the structures were built the study site has\nexperienced 6 flows that have overtopped most structures, 3 of the flows were in excess of the mean annual flood,\ninundating 19 of the ELJs by 2 - 3 m, and one by 0.5 m. Early results indicate that with the exception of LS4 and LS5,\nall structures are performing as intended and that the geomorphic variability of the reach has substantially increased.
Functional bioengineered corneal epithelial sheet grafts from corneal stem cells expanded ex vivo on a temperature-responsive cell culture surface (2004)

Cell sheet engineering technology allows us to create intact, transplantable corneal epithelial cell sheets that retain stem cells from limbal stem cells expanded ex vivo. Our research indicates highly promising clinical capabilities for our bioengineered corneal epithelial sheet.
Comparison of three tests of attention and rapid information processing across six age groups (1987)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare three tests reported sensitive to attentional disorder or limitations in information-processing capacity after closed-head injury, and to provide some normative data on these three tests. The Trail Making Test (TMT), the Brown-Peterson test of memory of three consonants (CCC) under conditions of interference, and the Paced Auditory Serial-Addition Test (PASAT) were compared across six age groups for two separate test administrations. The possible influences of gender and years of education were also analyzed. There was a practice effect for all tests. Age appeared to be a factor primarily for the TMT, the older subjects being slower. Years of education correlated with PASAT findings and to a lesser degree with the TMT. Sex did not have a significant effect on any of the test results. The CCC was least affected by any of the moderator variables used in this study. Although these three tests appear comparable in measuring attention or information-processing capacity, each also assesses other psychological functions that may be differentially sensitive to patient variables such as age and education.
A relationship between sulphur content of wool and wool production by Merino sheep. (1967)

The sulphur content of wool from 66 Peppin Merino wethers maintained together at pasture was measured in midside staples representing 49 weeks growth. The distribution of sulphur values was normal with a mean of 3·43 % and a range of 3·08-3·92 %. The sulphur content of the wool was inversely related to wool production among these sheep. There were no significant differences in the relationship when wool production was expressed as fleece weight index (F.W.I.), i.e. clean fleece weight/body weight (r = -0·48), as clean fleece weight (r = -0·42), or as wool growth per unit area of skin (r = - 0·37). The mean sulphur content of wool from sheep with the 10 highest values for F.W.I. was 3·27%, compared with a mean of 3 ·55% sulphur for wool from sheep with the 10 lowest values for F.W.I.
Age-Related Impairment of Ultrasonic Vocalization in Tau.P301L Mice: Possible Implication for Progressive Language Disorders (2011)

In a mouse model for tauopathy, we report for the first time an age-related impairment of USV that correlates with tauopathy in midbrain and brainstem areas controlling vocalization. The vocalization disorder of old Tau.P301L mice could be, at least in part, reminiscent of language disorders of elderly suffering tauopathy.
The Filamentous Phage M13 as a Carrier DNA for Operon Fusions In Vitro (1978)

The possibility of using the filamentous single-stranded DNA phages in transduction experiments has always been an attractive speculation, albeit an unlikely one considering that integration of host genes into phage DNA, as occurs with lambda (Hershey 1971), has never been observed (Ray 1977). In considering this possibility, however, the question arose whether there was any site in the filamentous phage DNA at which integration of foreign DNA (in vivo or in vitro) could occur without loss of viability. One way to identify a nonessential region of the phage genome would be to take advantage of the generality of the translocation of transposons that is known to occur in a rec -independent fashion at many different sites in suitable receptor molecules (Berg et al. 1975; So et al. 1975). Once a transposon was inserted into the filamentous phage DNA, it would then provide many potential sites into which a foreign DNA fragment could be cloned. One difficulty with this approach could be that the inserted transposon is itself unstable and is lost at a significant rate (Herrmann et al. 1978). An alternate approach would be to focus on the detection of a restriction endonuclease cleavage site within a nonessential region of the phage genome. This would require (1) the generation of linear M13 replicative-form (RF) molecules of unit length with specifically located blunt ends, preferably in a nonessential region of the phage DNA, and (2) a blunt end-to-end ligation between the linear RF molecules and a restriction endonuclease cleavage fragment containing an...
The A20 cDNA induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha encodes a novel type of zinc finger protein. (1990)

We have previously identified in endothelial cells a gene product designated A20, that is rapidly and profoundly induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha (Dixit, V. M., Green, S., Sarma, V., Holzman, L. B., Wolf, F. W., O'Rourke, K., Ward, P. A., Prochownik, E. V., and Marks, R. M. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 2973-2978). Isolation of the full-length cDNA followed by sequence analysis has revealed that A20 codes for a novel zinc finger protein. Structural features suggest that this putative protein, which contains multiple Cys2/Cys2 finger motifs, defines a novel class of zinc finger proteins. Southern analysis supports the existence of other members of the class.
Use of the Escherichia coli lac repressor and operator to control gene expression in Bacillus subtilis. (1984)

The Escherichia coli lac operator has been placed on the 3' side of the promoter for the penicillinase gene of Bacillus licheniformis, creating a hybrid promoter controllable by the E. coli lac repressor. The E. coli lac repressor gene has been placed under the control of a promoter and ribosome-binding site that allows expression in Bacillus subtilis. When the penicillinase gene that contains the lac operator is expressed in B. subtilis on a plasmid that also produces the lac repressor, the expression of the penicillinase gene can be modulated by isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG), an inducer of the lac operon in E. coli. A similar system was constructed from a promoter of the B. subtilis phage SPO-1 and the leukocyte interferon A gene, which allowed the controlled expression of interferon in B. subtilis. These two examples show that a functional control system can be introduced into B. subtilis from E. coli.