gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Image Processing Chain for Digital Still Cameras Based on the SIMPil Architecture (2005)

The new generation of wireless devices herald the development of products for integrated portable image and video communication requiring to image and video applications high computing performance. Portable MultiMedia Supercomputers (PMMS), a new class of architectures, allow to combine high computational performance, needed by multimedia applications, and a big energy efficiency, needed by portable devices. Among PMMS, the SIMPil (SIMD processor pixel) architecture satisfies the above requirements, especially with video and digital images processing tasks. In this paper we, exploit the SIMPil computation and throughput efficiency to implement the whole image processing chain of a digital still camera device. The implemented chain covers the whole image pipeline: from the Bayer pattern image processing to the JPEG image compression. SIMPil performance has been evaluated using an instruction level simulator. To prove the effectiveness of the proposed approach, processing and compression results have been compared with the Texas Instruments Inc. TMS320C549 DSP one.
Mutations in the Three Largest Subunits of Yeast RNA Polymerase II That Affect Enzyme Assembly (1991)

Mutations in the three largest subunits of yeast RNA polymerase II (RPB1, RPB2, and RPB3) were investigated for their effects on RNA polymerase II structure and assembly. Among 23 temperature-sensitive mutations, 6 mutations affected enzyme assembly, as assayed by immunoprecipitation of epitope-tagged subunits. In all six assembly mutants, RNA polymerase II subunits synthesized at the permissive temperature were incorporated into stably assembled, immunoprecipitable enzyme and remained stably associated when cells were shifted to the nonpermissive temperature, whereas subunits synthesized at the nonpermissive temperature were not incorporated into a completely assembled enzyme. The observation that subunit subcomplexes accumulated in assembly-mutant cells at the nonpermissive temperature led us to investigate whether these subcomplexes were assembly intermediates or merely byproducts of mutant enzyme instability. The time course of assembly of RPB1, RPB2, and RPB3 was investigated in wild-type cells and subsequently in mutant cells. Glycerol gradient fractionation of extracts of cells pulse-labeled for various times revealed that a subcomplex of RPB2 and RPB3 appears soon after subunit synthesis and can be chased into fully assembled enzyme. The RPB2-plus-RPB3 subcomplexes accumulated in all RPB1 assembly mutants at the nonpermissive temperature but not in an RPB2 or RPB3 assembly mutant. These data indicate that RPB2 and RPB3 form a complex that subsequently interacts with RPB1 during the assembly of RNA polymerase II.
Editorial: Tephra (2004)

TephraTephra are the widest ranging direct hazard from a volcano and are capable of extending over areas as large as continents.The importance of tephra in establishing a chronological framework for volcanic and sedimentary successions can be not over-emphasized.Once a recognizable tephra layer has been dated, it provides a time horizon wherever it is located and is, therefore, pivotal in correlating equivalent-aged successions in a wide variety of terrestrial and marine settings.Traditional efforts have focused on the mapping and geochemical characterization of macroscopically visible (mm-to cm-thick) tephra beds in order to facilitate regional and inter-regional correlation, as well as erect tephrostratigraphic frameworks that underpin volcanic hazard studies and paleoenvironmental reconstructions.Consequently, many tephra records tend to be biased towards macroscopic tephra beds that represent the products of moderate to large magnitude eruptive events.Numerous other tephra representing small to moderate eruptive events are seldom noted since the combined effects of distance and bioturbation in the terrestrial (soil-forming) and deep-sea environments mean that they are not preserved as macroscopic layers.Over the last decade, however, analyses of a wide range of Late Quaternary deposits have shown that very many contain well-defined layers composed of minute traces of microscopic volcanic ash (cryptotephra) not visible to the naked eye.It is with this material, rather than the larger products of volcanism, that future advances in distal tephrochronology will occur.The papers presented in this special issue of PAGES News report recent tephrochronological research from places separated by great distances.The result of these new studies has been to develop new methodologies capable of coaxing extremely small amounts from the most obdurate deposits, so that time frames and site-linkage techniques for past environmental studies have improved greatly in precision.Much of the success of the relatively new science of Quaternary distal tephrochronology is due to inexpensive and standard techniques that allow deposits to be searched quickly to determine if tephra is present, even if only represented by very few tephra shards.Additionally, the recent expansion of tephra studies has utilized analytical systems that can determine the precise geochemistry of single shards of volcanic glass.Certainly, continuing advances in single grain trace element geochemistry, as determined by the laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) technique, will make it possible in the future to establish more correlation tie-lines with a more complete spectrum of tephra events than is currently possible using only the macroscopic tephra record.
FISSION ENGINE CONCEPTS (1971)

Discussion of numerous approaches to exploitation of fission energy for special applications in more beneficial ways than can be achieved by conventional reactor technology. It is *hown that, for space propulsion, the high temperature plasma core reactor is most desirable. But fissioning plasmas may find applications beyond this. Because of the criticality to be achieved in high temperature gaseous uranium fuel, plasma core reactors would operate at very high pressures, up to a thousand atmospheres, and their power would range from 5000 to 50,000 megawatts. However, apart from obvious technological difficulties, basic physics problems have to be solved before the feasibility of plasma core reactors can be demonstrated. These problems and their implications are discussed.
Glucosamine inhibits angiotensin II-induced cytoplasmic Ca2+ elevation in neonatal cardiomyocytes via protein-associated O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (2005)

We previously reported that glucosamine and hyperglycemia attenuate the response of cardiomyocytes to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-generating agonists such as ANG II. This appears to be related to an increase in flux through the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) and decreased Ca2+ entry into the cells; however, a direct link between HBP and intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis has not been established. Therefore, using neonatal rat ventricular myocytes, we investigated the relationship between glucosamine treatment; the concentration of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), an end product of the HBP; and the level of protein O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) on ANG II-mediated changes in intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). We found that glucosamine blocked ANG II-induced [Ca2+]i increase and that this phenomenon was associated with a significant increase in UDP-GlcNAc and O-GlcNAc levels. O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranosylidene)-amino-N-phenylcarbamate, an inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase that increased O-GlcNAc levels without changing UDP-GlcNAc concentrations, mimicked the effect of glucosamine on the ANG II-induced increase in [Ca2+]i. An inhibitor of O-GlcNAc-transferase, alloxan, prevented the glucosamine-induced increase in O-GlcNAc but not the increase in UDP-GlcNAc; however, alloxan abrogated the inhibition of the ANG II-induced increase in [Ca2+]i. These data support the notion that changes in O-GlcNAc levels mediated via increased HBP flux may be involved in the regulation of [Ca2+]i homeostasis in the heart.
High mobility group proteins 1 and 2 stimulate binding of a specific transcription factor to the adenovirus major late promoter (1988)

High mobility group proteins 1 and 2 (HMGs 1 and 2) are abundant chromosomal proteins which are believed to be preferentially associated with regions of active chromatin. Our previous results have shown that HMGs 1 and 2 can significantly stimulate specific transcription in vitro from the adenovirus major late promoter. This stimulation is now shown to be due, at least in part, to the influence of HMGs 1 and 2 on binding of a specific transcription factor (MLTF) upstream of the start site of the gene to a region (-66 to -51) which is required for optimal transcription both in vivo and in vitro. HMGs 1 and 2 cause both an increase in the rate of binding of the transcription factor to the DNA and alterations to the pattern of the DNaseI footprint of the factor on the DNA. Different binding states of the factor are also observed dependent on the presence of MgCl2, the factor being bound but not protecting the binding region from DNaseI in the absence of MgCl2.
Effect of hyperthermia on malignant cellsin vivo: A review and a hypothesis (1977)

The relevant literature is reviewed in an attempt to clarify the mechanism of heat-dependent tumor cell destruction in vivo. Malignant cells in vivo appear to be selectively destroyed by hyperthermia in the range of 41-43 degrees C. Heat evidently affects nuclear function, expressed by an inhibited RNA, DNA and protein synthesis and characteristic arrest or delay of cells in certain locations of the cell cycle. However, as these effects appear to be reversible and are observed in normal cells as well as malignant cells, they probably do not explain the hyperthermic induced selective in vivo destruction of malignant cells. Heat-induced cytoplasmic damage appears to be of more importance. Increased lysosomal activation is observed, and is further intensified by a relatively increased anaerobic glycolysis which develops selectively in tumor cells. A hypothesis is proposed and discussed which explains the marked and selective in vivo tumor cell destruction as a consequence of the enhancing effect on the cytoplasmic damage of certain environmental factors (e.g. increased acidity, hypoxia and insufficient nutrition.
350mW G-band medium power amplifier fabricated through a new method of 3D-copper additive manufacturing (2015)

A new design methodology and 3D additive fabrication process is used to demonstrate a 16-Way medium power amplifier (MPA) at G-band frequency range. Advanced high bandwidth, high gain and power InP DHBT three stage MMIC is used for the MPA integration, capable of 50mW output power and >20 dB small signal gain. Novel micro-machined WR4 to CPW transitions are used to accommodate the MMICs and connect to the 16way splitter-combiner network. These transitions use wire-bonds demonstrating the capability at sub-mmw frequency range. The broadband transitions showcase <;0.5 dB insertion loss and exhibit high tolerance and repeatability due to their batch additive manufacturing. The MPA was assembled using 16 mounted MMICs in transitions and demonstrated >10 dB small signal gain from 200-240 GHz. Large signal characterization showcased high saturated output power of 450mW at 205 GHz, 400 mW at 215 GHz, 350mW at 225 GHz and 283 mW at 233 GHz in an ultra-compact volume of 3.6 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> representing a functional power density of >7.7 mW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> .
Structure-activity studies on open-chain analogues of nucleosides: Inhibition of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase and antiviral activity 2. Acid open-chain analogues (1985)

Over 50 ω-carboxyalkyl derivatives of adenine and other purine bases were examined for their inhibitory effects on rat liver S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase and their antiviral activity. To be an inhibitor of SAH-hydrolase the analogue must contain an adenine base substituted at the position 9 by an ω-carboxyalkyl (C 3 -C 5 ) chain bearing at least one hydroxyl function. The absolute configuration at the side-chain is decisive for the dihydroxy and trihydroxy compounds, but less important for the monohydroxyalkanoic acids. D-Eritadenine ( 1a ) and 3-(adenin-9-yl)-2-hydroxypropanoic acids ( 12a ) are the most potent SAH-hydrolase inhibitors and the only compounds possessing an antiviral activity (against vesicular stomatitis, parainfluenza type 3, reovirus type 1, and vaccinia virus). All these compounds effect a rapid irreversible inactivation of SAH-hydrolase. The esters of 1a and 12a exhibit little, if any inhibitory activity toward the enzyme; they are, however, much more potent antiviral agents than the parent compounds 1a and 12a , most probably acting as prodrugs of the latter. 2-Amino-D-eritadenine, (2 R ,3 R )-5-(adenin-9-yl)-2,3-dihydroxypentanoic acid, 9-(dicarboxymethyl)adenine, 4-(adenin-9-yl)-2-hydroxybutanoic acid, 3-(8-bromoadenin-9-yl)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid and O-carboxymethyl derivatives of 9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)- and 9-(2,3,4-trihydroxybutyl)adenine are described as novel compounds.
Signal peptide of Lassa virus glycoprotein GP‐C exhibits an unusual length (2003)

Lassa virus glycoprotein is synthesized as precursor GP-C into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and cleaved posttranslationally into the N-terminal subunit GP-1 and the C-terminal subunit GP-2 by subtilase SKI-1/S1P. The N-terminal portion of the primary translation product preGP-C contains a signal peptide of unknown length. In order to demonstrate the signal peptide cleavage site, purified viral GP-1 isolated from Lassa virus particles was N-terminally sequenced as TSLYKGV, identical to amino acids 59-65 of GP-C. Mutational analysis of the amino acid residues flanking the putative cleavage site led to non-cleavable preGP-C indicating that no other signal peptide cleavage site exists. Interestingly, GP-C mutants with a non-cleavable signal peptide were not further processed by SKI-1/S1P. This observation suggests that the signal peptide cleavage is necessary for GP-C maturation and hence for Lassa virus replication.
Nanodroplet real-time PCR system with laser assisted heating (2008)

We report the successful application of low-power (approximately 30 mW) laser radiation as an optical heating source for high-speed real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of DNA in nanoliter droplets dispersed in an oil phase. Light provides the heating, temperature measurement, and Taqman real-time readout in nanoliter droplets on a disposable plastic substrate. A selective heating scheme using an infrared laser appears ideal for driving PCR because it heats only the droplet, not the oil or plastic substrate, providing fast heating and completing the 40 cycles of PCR in 370 seconds. No microheaters or microfluidic circuitry were deposited on the substrate, and PCR was performed in one droplet without affecting neighboring droplets. The assay performance was quantitative and its amplification efficiency was comparable to that of a commercial instrument.
Rilotumumab, a mAb against human hepatocyte growth factor for the treatment of cancer. (2009)

Tyrosine kinase receptors and their ligands have become appealing candidates as molecular therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor, mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met), play a role in many human tumors, promoting cell proliferation and invasion, as well as resistance to apoptosis. Rilotumumab, being developed by Amgen Inc, is a humanized mAb directed against HGF, and is thus able to interfere with the interaction between HGF and c-Met to prevent c-Met activation. In preclinical studies, rilotumumab effectively blocked c-Met phosphorylation, inhibiting c-Met-activated downstream signaling pathways. In phase I clinical trials, rilotumumab was well tolerated at doses up to 20 mg/kg every 2 weeks. Data from preclinical studies and a phase Ib trial demonstrated that rilotumumab had an additive effect when combined with chemotherapeutic agents, leading to the initiation of several phase II trials that are enrolling patients with different tumor types to assess combinations of rilotumumab with chemotherapeutic regimens, as well as with other mAbs. Which tumor types might benefit most from treatment with rilotumumab remains to be determined, and the identification of candidate patients will be a critical issue for the further development of this drug.
RTA, a candidate G protein-coupled receptor: cloning, sequencing, and tissue distribution. (1990)

Genomic and cDNA clones, encoding a protein that is a member of the guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein (G protein)-coupled receptor superfamily, were isolated by screening rat genomic and thoracic aorta cDNA libraries with an oligonucleotide encoding a highly conserved region of the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. Sequence analyses of these clones showed that they encode a 343-amino acid protein (named RTA). The RTA gene is single copy, as demonstrated by restriction mapping and Southern blotting of genomic clones and rat genomic DNA. Sequence analysis of the genomic clone further showed that the RTA gene has an intron interrupting the region encoding the amino terminus of the protein. RTA RNA sequences are relatively abundant throughout the gut, vas deferens, uterus, and aorta but are only barely detectable (on Northern blots) in liver, kidney, lung, and salivary gland. In the rat brain, RTA sequences are markedly abundant in the cerebellum. RTA is most closely related to the mas oncogene (34% identity), which has been suggested to be a forebrain angiotensin receptor. We cannot detect angiotensin binding to the RTA protein after introducing the cognate cDNA or mRNA into COS cells or Xenopus oocytes, respectively, nor can we detect an electrophysiologic response in the oocyte after application of angiotensin peptides. We conclude that RTA is not an angiotensin receptor; to date, we have been unable to identify its ligand.
Constitutive expression of ETHYLENE‐RESPONSE‐FACTOR1 in Arabidopsis confers resistance to several necrotrophic fungi (2002)

Infection of a plant by a pathogen induces a variety of defense responses that imply the action of several signaling molecules, including salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (E). Here we describe the role of ETHYLENE-RESPONSE-FACTOR1 (ERF1) as a regulator of ethylene responses after pathogen attack in Arabidopsis. The ERF1 transcript is induced on infection by Botrytis cinerea, and overexpression of ERF1 in Arabidopsis is sufficient to confer resistance to necrotrophic fungi such as B. cinerea and Plectosphaerella cucumerina. A positive co-operation between E and SA pathways was observed in the plant response to P. cucumerina. Infection by Pseudomonas syringae tomato DC3000, however, does not affect ERF1 expression, and activation of ethylene responses by ERF1 overexpression in Arabidopsis plants reduces tolerance against this pathogen, suggesting negative crosstalk between E and SA signaling pathways, and demonstrating that positive and negative interactions between both pathways can be established depending on the type of pathogen.
Programming the Grid with gLite* (2006)

The past few years have seen the creation of the first production level Grid infrastructures that offer their users a dependable service at an unprecedented scale. Depending on the flavor of middleware services these infrastructures deploy (for instance Condor, gLite, Globus, UNICORE, to name only a few) different interfaces to program the Grid infrastructures are provided. Despite ongoing efforts to standardize Grid service interfaces, there are still significant differences in how applications can interface to a Grid infrastructure. In this paper we describe the middleware (gLite) and services deployed on the EGEE Grid infrastructure and explain how applications can interface to them.
A simple mathematical model applied to selection of the sodium profile during profiled haemodialysis. (1998)

Background. Among dialysis patients in the last 10 years the incidence of intradialytic dysequilibrium syndrome and symptomatic hypotension has increased significantly. Profiled haemodialysis (PHD), a new dialysis technique based on intradialytic modulation of the dialysate sodium concentration according to pre-elaborated individual profiles, has been set up to reduce intradialytic imbalances and the incidence of dysequilibrium syndrome and symptomatic hypotension. The present paper illustrates a new mathaematical model for solute kinetics, single-compartment for sodium and two-compartment for urea, aimed at improving the use of PHD. The model allows the sodium profile to be elaborated a priori, before each dialysis session, according to the patient's clinical needs and respecting the individual sodium mass removal and weight gain. Method. The mathaematical model was first derived and then applied to determining a rational dialysate sodium profile. A procedure which allows the method to be tuned to individual clinical needs on the basis of routine measurements performed before each session is also presented. The proposed method was validated in vivo during seven dialysis sessions, each performed on a different patient. Results. The comparison beetween data predicted by the model and those obtained in vivo shows a good correspondence in particular concerning the time pattern of blood urea and sodium. The comparison between the model prediction and in vivo determined sodium and urea plasma curves showed standard deviations (2.25 mEq/l for sodium and 0.87 mmol/l for urea) only slightly higher than those attributable to laboratory measurement errors. Moreover, in vivo implementation of PHD by our model enables one to remove an amount of sodium mass comparable with the a priori quantity predicted by the model.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Signaling Pathways: Therapeutic Perspective (2006)

The establishment of a vascular supply is one of the earliest and most important events occurring during embryonic development. Growth and maturation of a functional vascular network are complex and still incompletely understood processes involving orchestrated activation of vascular progenitors in the early stages of embryonic development followed by vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. These processes require a tightly regulated activation of several growth factors and their receptors. The role of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) and their receptors has been studied extensively due to their prominent role during blood vessel formation. Mice deficient in various VEGF ligands or receptors show serious defects in vascular formation and maturation. Moreover, members of the VEGF family are involved in other significant biological processes, including lymphangiogenesis, vascular permeability, and hematopoiesis. Importantly, VEGF is released by tumor cells and induces tumor neovascularization. It is now well established that the VEGF axis represents an important target for antitumor therapy. Aberrant VEGF signaling is also a feature of several other pathologic conditions, such as age-related macular degeneration and rheumatoid arthritis.