gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nucleotide sequence of a gene encoding an insecticidal protein ofBacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis toxicagainst Coleoptera (1987)

Journal Article Nucleotide sequence of a gene encoding an insecticidal protein of Bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis toxic against Coleoptera Get access Herman Höfte, Herman Höfte Plant Genetic SystemsN.V. Plateaustraat 22, 9000 Gent, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jef Seurinck, Jef Seurinck Plant Genetic SystemsN.V. Plateaustraat 22, 9000 Gent, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Annemie Van Houtven, Annemie Van Houtven Plant Genetic SystemsN.V. Plateaustraat 22, 9000 Gent, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mark Vaeck Mark Vaeck Plant Genetic SystemsN.V. Plateaustraat 22, 9000 Gent, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 15, Issue 17, 11 September 1987, Page 7183, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/15.17.7183 Published: 11 September 1987 Article history Received: 05 August 1987 Published: 11 September 1987
Simple fabrication scheme for sub-10 nm electrode gaps using electron-beam lithography (2002)

An innovative and simple method, based on electron-beam (e-beam) overlapping and overexposure techniques, is developed to fabricate sub-10 nm electrode gaps with very good electrical properties. Gaps with 4 to 10 nm spacing can be fabricated using a proper e-beam dose and pattern-developing time. The fabrication yield is nearly 100% for 8–9 nm gaps, but significantly smaller for 3–4 nm gaps. The gap leakage resistance is around 1012–1013 Ω, implying very good isolation. As an example, we present a transport study on a single 8 nm Co particle junction using a 10 nm gap.
Implementation of an adaptive neural controller for sensory-motor coordination (1989)

A theory and prototype of a neural controller called INFANT, which learns sensory-motor coordination from its own experience, is presented. INFANT adapts to unforeseen changes in the geometry of the physical motor system and to the location, orientation, shape, and size of objects. It can learn to accurately grasp an elongated object without any information about the geometry of the physical sensory-motor system. INFANT relies on the self-consistency between sensory and motor signals to achieve unsupervised learning. It is designed to be generalized for coordinating any number of sensory inputs with limbs of any number of joints. INFANT is implemented with an image processor, stereo cameras, and a five-degree-of-freedom robot arm. After learning, its average position accuracy is within 3% of the length of the arm, and its orientation accuracy is within 60 degrees in solid angle.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Removal of Fatty Acids from Serum Albumin by Charcoal Treatment (1967)

The fatty acid contents of 26 different serum albumin preparations representing different species and obtained from various commercial sources have been determined. Some samples had surprisingly little fatty acid contamination, but it was found that other samples contained between 2 and 3 moles of acid per mole of protein, in confirmation of earlier reports. Treatment of these samples with charcoal at low pH resulted in the virtually complete removal of fatty acids. The conditions for such treatment were investigated as a function of the type of fatty acid, pH, and the amount of charcoal required. Charcoal treatment removed at least 99% of albumin-bound radioactive fatty acids under optimal conditions, whereas the amount of protein adsorbed onto charcoal was 4.9%. The protein that remained in solution following separation of the charcoal appeared to be native, as judged by a number of criteria, including analytical ultracentrifugation, optical rotatory dispersion, the ability to bind fatty acids, and the ability to bind the fluorescent dye, 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid, as well as several other fluorescence parameters. Fluorescence spectra of human serum albumin samples indicated that impurities are sometimes present which can be removed by charcoal at neutral pH. A possible explanation for the gentleness of charcoal treatment is offered. Acid-charcoal treatment is a much more rapid method of removing lipid impurities than other methods previously described.
A virtual circuit switch as the basis for distributed systems (1981)

A communication system is presented which consists of a switch (Datakit [Fraser 1979]) with associated control and interface hardware and software. The switch offers virtual circuit service which is internally implemented through packet switching. The users of the communication system are operating systems; using our communication system, we have implemented a network of UNIX TM systems and a new distributed operating system derived from UNIX. Our work concentrated on the performance of the subscriber-switch interface; on the reliability and recoverability of the switching service; and on the exploitation of the circuit concept for operating system design.
A method of measuring the velocity of very rapid chemical reactions (1923)

Abstract In devising methods for determining the velocity of any chemical reaction there are two experimental problems which invariably arise : (1) To arrange that the chemical system under investigation be made initially unstable in a period of time that is negligibly short in comparison with that taken by the chemical reaction. (2) To record from time to time the stages reached by the system (during its passage from the initial unstable state to the final stable condition wherein the several reacting substances are in chemical equilibrium) by means of methods which take a negligibly short time in comparison with that taken by the chemical reaction. A perusal of the literature shows that previous investigators have, in the main, restricted themselves to the study of slow reactions, such as may require many minutes or even hours to reach completion. In such cases, both requirements which we have mentioned can be easily met. For the production of the initially unstable condition can be achieved without difficulty by merely mixing the several reacting substances together in proportions far removed from those which prevail when equilibrium has been attained. The time required by the mixing operation can be reduced to a few seconds, and can therefore be neglected when dealing with a process which may last many minutes or even hours. The slow reactions possess a further attraction, in that the procedure for estimating the concentrations of the several reactants at different stages during the progress of the reaction need not be a hurried one. This permits the use of a wide variety of methods, e. g., polarimetry as in the study of the inversion of sucrose, ordinary titration as in the saponification of esters, and separation of one of the constituents as a gas phase as in the decomposition of diazo-acetic ester by water, i. e., N2. CHCOOC2H5+H2O→OHCH2. COOC2H5+N2 (gas phase).
Efficient multiple model recognition in cluttered 3-D scenes (2002)

We present a 3-D shape-based object recognition system for simultaneous recognition of multiple objects in scenes containing clutter and occlusion. Recognition is based on matching surfaces by matching points using the spin-image representation. The spin-image is a data level shape descriptor that is used to match surfaces represented as surface meshes. We present a compression scheme for spin-images that results in efficient multiple object recognition which we verify with results showing the simultaneous recognition of multiple objects from a library of 20 models. Furthermore, we demonstrate the robust performance of recognition in the presence of clutter and occlusion through analysis of recognition trials on 100 scenes.
Multiplex DNA Sequencing (1988)

The increasing demand for DNA sequences can be met by replacement of each DNA sample in a device with a mixture of N samples so that the normal throughput is increased by a factor of N. Such a method is described. In order to separate the sequence information at the end of the processing, the DNA molecules of interest are ligated to a set of oligonucleotide "tags" at the beginning. The tagged DNA molecules are pooled, amplified, and chemically fragmented in 96-well plates. The resulting reaction products are fractionated by size on sequencing gels and transferred to nylon membranes. These membranes are then probed as many times as there are types of tags in the original pools, producing, in each cycle of probing, autoradiographs similar to those from standard DNA sequencing methods. Thus, each reaction and gel yields a quantity of data equivalent to that obtained from conventional reactions and gels multiplied by the number of probes used. To date, even after 50 successive probings, the original signal strength and the image quality are retained, an indication that the upper limit for the number of reprobings may be considerably higher.
Reversibility of Pulmonary Abnormalities by Conditional Replacement of Surfactant Protein D (SP-D) in Vivo (2002)

Surfactant protein D (SP-D) gene-targeted mice develop severe pulmonary disease associated with emphysema, pulmonary lipidosis, and foamy macrophage infiltrations. To determine the potential reversibility of these abnormalities, transgenic mice were developed in which SP-D was conditionally replaced in the respiratory epithelium of SP-D(-/-) mice. SP-D was not detected in the absence of doxycycline. Treatment with doxycycline after birth restored pulmonary SP-D concentrations and corrected pulmonary pathology at adulthood. When SP-D was replaced in adult SP-D(-/-) mice, alveolar SP-D was restored within 3 days, pulmonary lipid abnormalities were corrected, but emphysema persisted. In corrected adult SP-D(-/-) mice, loss of SP-D caused focal emphysema and pulmonary inflammation but did not cause phospholipid abnormalities characteristic of SP-D(-/-) mice. Thus, abnormalities in surfactant phospholipid homeostasis and alveolar macrophage abnormalities were readily corrected by restoration of SP-D. However, once established, emphysema was not reversed by SP-D. SP-D-dependent processes regulating surfactant lipid homeostasis were disassociated from those mediating emphysema.
Construction of live vaccines by using genetically engineered poxviruses: biological activity of recombinant vaccinia virus expressing influenza virus hemagglutinin. (1983)

Recombinant vaccinia viruses containing the cloned hemagglutinin (HA) gene from influenza virus were constructed. The biological activity of these poxvirus vectors was demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Expression of HA in cells infected with recombinant vaccinia was detected by using specific anti-HA antiserum and 125I-labeled protein A, showing that HA synthesized under the regulation of vaccinia virus was antigenic. Immunization of rabbits with these recombinant poxviruses resulted in the production of antibodies reactive with authentic influenza HA as detected by radioimmunoassay, by inhibition of HA erythrocyte agglutination, and by neutralization of influenza virus infectivity. The production of antibodies directed against influenza HA suggested that the HA gene expressed in vaccinia is immunogenic. These data indicate the potential of genetically engineered poxviruses for use as generic live vaccine vehicles that have both human and veterinary applications.
Inhibiting cholesterol degradation induces neuronal sclerosis and epileptic activity in mouse hippocampus (2015)

Elevations in neuronal cholesterol have been associated with several degenerative diseases. An enhanced excitability and synchronous firing in surviving neurons are among the sequels of neuronal death in these diseases and also in some epileptic syndromes. Here, we attempted to increase neuronal cholesterol levels, using a short hairpin RNA to suppress expression of the enzyme cytochrome P450 family 46, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 gene (CYP46A1). This protein hydroxylates cholesterol and so facilitates transmembrane extrusion. A short hairpin RNA CYP46A1construction coupled to the adeno-associated virus type 5 was injected focally and unilaterally into mouse hippocampus. It was selectively expressed first in neurons of the cornu ammonis (hippocampus) (CA)3a region. Cytoplasmic and membrane cholesterol increased, and the neuronal soma volume increased and then decreased before pyramidal cells died. As CA3a pyramidal cells died, interictal electroencephalographic (EEG) events occurred during exploration and non-rapid eye movement sleep. With time, neuronal death spread to involve pyramidal cells and interneurons of the CA1 region. CA1 neuronal death was correlated with a delayed local expression of phosphorylated tau. Astrocytes were activated throughout the hippocampus and microglial activation was specific to regions of neuronal death. CA1 neuronal death was correlated with distinct aberrant EEG activity. During exploratory behaviour and rapid eye movement sleep, EEG oscillations at 7-10 Hz (theta) could accelerate to 14-21 Hz (beta) waves. They were accompanied by low-amplitude, high-frequency oscillations of peak power at ~300 Hz and a range of 250-350 Hz. Although episodes of EEG acceleration were not correlated with changes in exploratory behaviour, they were followed in some animals by structured seizure-like discharges. These data strengthen links between increased cholesterol, neuronal sclerosis and epileptic behaviour.
Selective Ablation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Exacerbates Experimental Colitis: Contrasting Role of Gelatinases in the Pathogenesis of Colitis (2006)

The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMP-2 and MMP-9, share structural and substrate similarities and are up-regulated during human as well as animal models of inflammatory bowel disease. We recently demonstrated that epithelial-derived MMP-9 is an important mediator of inflammation and tissue damage in colitis. In this study, we examined the role of MMP-2 in acute colitis. Colitis was induced using two models, administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and Salmonella enterica subsp. serovar Typhimurium (S.T.). Bone marrow chimeras were performed using bone marrow cells from wild-type (WT) and MMP-2(-/-) mice. Colitis was evaluated by clinical symptoms, myeloperoxidase assay, and histology. MMP-2 protein expression and activity were up-regulated in WT mice treated with DSS or S.T. MMP-2(-/-) mice were highly susceptible to the development of colitis induced by DSS (or S.T.) compared with WT. During inflammation, MMP-2 expression was increased in epithelial cells as well as in the infiltrating immune cells. Bone marrow chimera demonstrated that mucosa-derived MMP-2 was required for its protective effects toward colitis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that severe colitis in MMP-2(-/-) is not due to a compensatory increase in MMP-9. Finally, we show that MMP-2 regulates epithelial barrier function. In contrast to MMP-9, mucosa-derived MMP-2 may be a critical host factor that is involved in the prevention or cessation of the host response to luminal pathogens or toxins, an important aspect of healing and tissue resolution. Together, our data suggest that a critical balance between the two gelatinases determines the outcome of inflammatory response during acute colitis.
Quantitative evaluation of virtual angiography for interventional X-ray acquisitions (2009)

Virtual angiography has been recently proposed [1] as a method to indirectly validate the accuracy of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations. In doing so, X-ray angiograms are created from CFD results and compared with the acquired data. In this paper, we apply the extended virtual angiography method [2] which has been only tested on an imaged phantom to clinical data for the first time. To obtain realistic CFD simulations, the contrast agent injection (CA) curve and patient specific blood flow measured by transcranial colour coded Doppler ultrasound (TCCD) are used as boundary conditions. In a quantitative comparison, the spatial and temporal variation of CA concentration of both clinical and virtual angiograms showed good correspondence.
Procalcitonin Algorithms for Antibiotic Therapy Decisions (2011)

Previous randomized controlled trials suggest that using clinical algorithms based on procalcitonin levels, a marker of bacterial infections, results in reduced antibiotic use without a deleterious effect on clinical outcomes. However, algorithms differed among trials and were embedded primarily within the European health care setting. Herein, we summarize the design, efficacy, and safety of previous randomized controlled trials and propose adapted algorithms for US settings. We performed a systematic search and included all 14 randomized controlled trials (N = 4467 patients) that investigated procalcitonin algorithms for antibiotic treatment decisions in adult patients with respiratory tract infections and sepsis from primary care, emergency department (ED), and intensive care unit settings. We found no significant difference in mortality between procalcitonin-treated and control patients overall (odds ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.73-1.14) or in primary care (0.13; 0-6.64), ED (0.95; 0.67-1.36), and intensive care unit (0.89; 0.66-1.20) settings individually. A consistent reduction was observed in antibiotic prescription and/or duration of therapy, mainly owing to lower prescribing rates in low-acuity primary care and ED patients, and shorter duration of therapy in moderate- and high-acuity ED and intensive care unit patients. Measurement of procalcitonin levels for antibiotic decisions in patients with respiratory tract infections and sepsis appears to reduce antibiotic exposure without worsening the mortality rate. We propose specific procalcitonin algorithms for low-, moderate-, and high-acuity patients as a basis for future trials aiming at reducing antibiotic overconsumption.
The two mucus layers of colon are organized by the MUC2 mucin, whereas the outer layer is a legislator of host–microbial interactions (2010)

The normal intestinal microbiota inhabits the colon mucus without triggering an inflammatory response. The reason for this and how the intestinal mucus of the colon is organized have begun to be unraveled. The mucus is organized in two layers: an inner, stratified mucus layer that is firmly adherent to the epithelial cells and approximately 50 μm thick; and an outer, nonattached layer that is usually approximately 100 μm thick as measured in mouse. These mucus layers are organized around the highly glycosylated MUC2 mucin, forming a large, net-like polymer that is secreted by the goblet cells. The inner mucus layer is dense and does not allow bacteria to penetrate, thus keeping the epithelial cell surface free from bacteria. The inner mucus layer is converted into the outer layer, which is the habitat of the commensal flora. The outer mucus layer has an expanded volume due to proteolytic activities provided by the host but probably also caused by commensal bacterial proteases and glycosidases. The numerous O-glycans on the MUC2 mucin not only serve as nutrients for the bacteria but also as attachment sites and, as such, probably contribute to the selection of the species-specific colon flora. This observation that normal human individuals carry a uniform MUC2 mucin glycan array in colon may indicate such a specific selection.
Heavy-Oil Recovery From Thin Pay Zones by Electromagnetic Heating (1992)

ABSTRACT There are many heavy oil reservoirs with thin pay zones (less than 10 m). Conventional thermal recovery methods such as steam injection, are not cost effective for these thin reservoirs due to the excessive heat loss through the overburden. In order to minimize heat losses, it is necessary to have the ability to carry out controlled heating of the pay zone. One such way to introduce heat to the reservoir in a controlled manner is electromagnetic heating. This paper describes laboratory studies on electromagnetic heating of scaled thin heavy oil reservoir pay zone models. Combination of electromagnetic heating and gas injection with horizontal wells was studied. Higher electromagnetic frequencies provide faster heating rate and can overcome problems associated with discontinuity of the media through which electromagnetic waves must propagate in the reservoir. Heat loss can also be minimized with the use of higher frequencies. For moderately heavy oil reservoirs (less than 1000 mPs.s), it is not necessary to heat the entire pay zone. Heating of the wellbore vicinity is sufficient. Oil recoveries as high as 45% of OIIP (Original Oil in Place) were achieved using electromagnetic heating and gas injection compared to estimated primary recovery rates of less than 5%. The results obtained in this work clearly show that electromagnetic heating provides an effective mean of recovering heavy oil from reservoirs with thin pay zones.
Asymmetric hydrogen transfer reactions promoted by homogeneous transition metal catalysts (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric hydrogen transfer reactions promoted by homogeneous transition metal catalystsGrazia Zassinovich, Giovanni Mestroni, and Serafino GladialiCite this: Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 5, 1051–1069Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00013a015https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00013a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4849Altmetric-Citations791LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of Prussian Blue Nanoparticles and Nanocrystal Superlattices in Reverse Microemulsions (2000)

Controlled growth of molecular magnets, in terms of their size, shape, and organization, is demonstrated with a model cyanometallate, Prussian blue crystals. The TEM image shows the hydrophobic cubic nanoparticles (scale bar 100 nm), prepared in a microemulsion and encapsulated in a shell of surfactant, which readily self-assemble into the higher-order square superlattice.