gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised Music Structure Annotation by Time Series Structure Features and Segment Similarity (2014)

Automatically inferring the structural properties of raw multimedia documents is essential in today's digitized society. Given its hierarchical and multi-faceted organization, musical pieces represent a challenge for current computational systems. In this article, we present a novel approach to music structure annotation based on the combination of structure features with time series similarity. Structure features encapsulate both local and global properties of a time series, and allow us to detect boundaries between homogeneous, novel, or repeated segments. Time series similarity is used to identify equivalent segments, corresponding to musically meaningful parts. Extensive tests with a total of five benchmark music collections and seven different human annotations show that the proposed approach is robust to different ground truth choices and parameter settings. Moreover, we see that it outperforms previous approaches evaluated under the same framework.
Serum Levels of Interleukin-6 in Patients with Cutaneous Polyarteritis Nodosa (2012)

ulcerations. Cutaneous nodules (100.0%) were the most common skin manifestations and were observed in all of our patients with CPN. Forty (88.9%) of the patients with CPN had livedo racemosa, and 33 (73.3%) had purpuric lesions on their lower extremities. Twenty-seven (60.0%) of the patients with CPN were positive for serum CRP, and LAC activity was observed in 27 of them (60.0%). Nineteen (42.2%) of the patients with CPN had elevated serum IL-6 levels and 29 (66.4%) had elevated serum IL-8 levels, while only 4 (8.9%) had elevated serum TNF-α levels. Seven (15.6%) were positive for serum IgG anti-PS/PT antibody, 33 (73.3%) for IgM anti-PS/ PT antibody, and 6 (13.3%) for IgG aCL antibody. DIF studies were performed on skin biopsy samples from 29 of the patients with CPN, and revealed complement 3 expression within affected vessels of the lesions in 21 (72.4%) of them. In addition, 18 (62.1%) of those 29 patients with CPN showed IgM deposition within affected vessels. Thirty-four (75.6%) of the patients with CPN were treated with warfarin, and prednisolone therapy was administered to 27 (60.0%) of them. We divided the 45 patients with CPN into two groups; the elevated IL-6 group and the normal IL-6 group (Table I). The number of men in the elevated IL-6 group was significantly higher than in the normal IL-6 group. Patients with elevated IL-6 had a significantly higher frequency of arthralgia compared with patients without elevated IL-6. Skin ulcerations were also significantly more prevalent among patients with elevated IL-6 compared with patients without elevated IL-6. Elevated IL-6 patients had significantly higher CRP serum levels than normal IL-6 patients. LAC in the elevated IL-6 group was significantly more prevalent than in the normal IL-6 group. Serum IgG anti-PS/PT antibody levels differed significantly between the elevated IL-6 group and the normal IL-6 group. Similarly, serum IgG aCL antibody levels were significantly higher in the elevated IL-6 group compared with the normal IL-6 group. In contrast, IgM anti-PS/PT antibody levels in patients with CPN with elevated IL-6 were significantly lower than in normal IL-6 level patients with CPN. The selected prevalence of prednisolone in the elevated IL-6 group was significantly higher than in the normal IL-6 level group.
Meta-Analysis: Efficacy and Safety of Inhaled Insulin Therapy in Adults with Diabetes Mellitus (2006)

Inhaled insulin offers an alternative noninvasive option for premeal insulin administration, with glycemic efficacy slightly less than subcutaneous regular insulin and increased patient acceptability. Until long-term safety data are available, inhaled insulin should be reserved for nonpregnant adults with diabetes who are opposed to injections and who would otherwise delay appropriate and timely therapy with insulin.
Computational Ghost Imaging (2008)

Ghost-imaging experiments correlate the outputs from two photodetectors: a high spatial-resolution (scanning pinhole or charge-coupled-device camera) detector that measures a field which has not interacted with the object to be imaged and a bucket (single-pixel) detector that collects a field that has interacted with the object. We describe a computational ghost-imaging arrangement that uses only a single-pixel detector. This configuration affords background-free imagery in the narrow-band limit and a three-dimensional sectioning capability. It clearly indicates the classical nature of ghost-image formation.
Maintenance Antiretroviral Therapies in HIV-Infected Subjects with Undetectable Plasma HIV RNA after Triple-Drug Therapy (1998)

The suppression of plasma HIV RNA after six months of treatment with indinavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine is better sustained by the continuation of these three drugs than by maintenance therapy with either indinavir alone or zidovudine and lamivudine.
Identification of a His-Asp-Cys Catalytic Triad Essential for Function of the Rho Inactivation Domain (RID) of Vibrio cholerae MARTX Toxin (2012)

Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of the severe diarrheal disease cholera. For V. cholerae to colonize the intestinal epithelium, accessory toxins such as the multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (MARTX(Vc)) toxin are required. MARTX toxins are composite toxins comprised of arrayed effector domains that carry out distinct functions inside the host cell. Among the three effector domains of MARTX(Vc) is the Rho inactivation domain (RID(Vc)) known to cause cell rounding through inactivation of small RhoGTPases. Using alanine scanning mutagenesis in the activity subdomain of RID(Vc), four residues, His-2782, Leu-2851, Asp-2854, and Cys-3022, were identified as impacting RID(Vc) function in depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton and inactivation of RhoA. Tyr-2807 and Tyr-3015 were identified as important potentially for forming the active structure for substrate contact but are not involved in catalysis or post translational modifications. Finally, V. cholerae strains modified to carry a catalytically inactive RID(Vc) show that the rate and efficiency of MARTX(Vc) actin cross-linking activity does not depend on a functional RID(Vc), demonstrating that these domains function independently in actin depolymerization. Overall, our results indicate a His-Asp-Cys catalytic triad is essential for function of the RID effector domain family shared by MARTX toxins produced by many Gram-negative bacteria.
Methotrexate polyglutamate levels in circulating erythrocytes and polymorphs correlate with clinical efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis. (1999)

The results suggest that circulating intracellular levels of MTX polyglutamates in RBC and PMN correlate with clinical efficacy but not with toxicity in patients with RA.
The legal and clinical implications of crushing tablet medication. (2005)

It has recently been estimated that 75 per cent of all older patients will fail to comply with their medication regimes at some point during their hospital stay (Wright, 2002). Crushing tablets or opening capsules in order to assist a patient with swallowing difficulties appears to be a widespread activity. There may be times when tablets will need to be crushed in order to deliver essential drug therapy; this should only be done as a last resort. Crushing tablets is a practice that has the potential to endanger patient safety and contravene legal and professional requirements.
Aerial shaking performance of wet Anna's hummingbirds (2011)

External wetting poses problems of immediate heat loss and long-term pathogen growth for vertebrates. Beyond these risks, the locomotor ability of smaller animals, and particularly of fliers, may be impaired by water adhering to the body. Here, we report on the remarkable ability of hummingbirds to perform rapid shakes in order to expel water from their plumage even while in flight. Kinematic performance of aerial versus non-aerial shakes (i.e. those performed while perching) was compared. Oscillation frequencies of the head, body and tail were lower in aerial shakes. Tangential speeds and accelerations of the trunk and tail were roughly similar in aerial and non-aerial shakes, but values for head motions while perching were twice as high when compared with aerial shakes [corrected] . Azimuthal angular amplitudes for both aerial and non-aerial shakes reached values greater than 180° for the head, greater than 45° for the body trunk and slightly greater than 90° for the tail and wings. Using a feather on an oscillating disc to mimic shaking motions, we found that bending increased average speeds by up to 36 per cent and accelerations of the feather tip up to fourfold relative to a hypothetical rigid feather. Feather flexibility may help to enhance shedding of water and reduce body oscillations during shaking.
Changes in expression and subcellular localization of nuclear retinoic acid receptors in human endometrial epithelium during the menstrual cycle (2001)

The endometrium is a uniquely dynamic tissue in that it undergoes monthly cycles of proliferation and secretory activity, and is regulated by ovarian steroid hormones. In this study, we focused on retinoic acid receptors (RAR and RXR) which are ligand-dependent transcription factors belonging to the large family of steroid hormones and are expected to affect to cell growth and differentiation in the endometrium. We analysed the expression and subcellular localization of the RA receptors in 57 samples of human endometrium by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. In the nuclei of the endometrial epithelium, the RA receptors were expressed strongly in the proliferative phase. However, RAR were drastically reduced in the epithelial nuclei during the secretory phase in association with changes in serum oestradiol and in the expression of the oestrogen receptor. The expression of RXR was localized in the epithelial nuclei throughout the menstrual cycle. Confocal laser scanning microscopical observation clearly showed the difference in the localization between RAR and RXR in the secretory phase. Furthermore the findings of immuno-electron microscopy showed pooled RAR around the rough endoplasmic reticulum, suggesting that transport of these receptors to the nuclei is inhibited. These findings suggest that RAR and RXR work mainly in the proliferative phase and that in the endometrium RXR may play a different role to RAR during the secretory phase.
Versatile applications of transcriptional pulsing to study mRNA turnover in mammalian cells (2007)

Development of transcriptional pulsing approaches using the c-fos and Tet-off promoter systems greatly facilitated studies of mRNA turnover in mammalian cells. However, optimal protocols for these approaches vary for different cell types and/or physiological conditions, limiting their widespread application. In this study, we have further optimized transcriptional pulsing systems for different cell lines and developed new protocols to facilitate investigation of various aspects of mRNA turnover. We apply the Tet-off transcriptional pulsing strategy to investigate ARE-mediated mRNA decay in human erythroleukemic K562 cells arrested at various phases of the cell cycle by pharmacological inhibitors. This application facilitates studies of the role of mRNA stability in control of cell-cycle dependent gene expression. To advance the investigation of factors involved in mRNA turnover and its regulation, we have also incorporated recently developed transfection and siRNA reagents into the transcriptional pulsing approach. Using these protocols, siRNA and DNA plasmids can be effectively cotransfected into mouse NIH3T3 cells to obtain high knockdown efficiency. Moreover, we have established a tTA-harboring stable line using human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells and applied the transcriptional pulsing approach to monitor mRNA deadenylation and decay kinetics in this cell system. This broadens the application of the transcriptional pulsing system to investigate the regulation of mRNA turnover related to allergic inflammation. Critical factors that need to be considered when employing these approaches are characterized and discussed.
Clinical applications of carcinoembryonic antigen. (1988)

Although carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) has been the subject of interest for many investigators for over 20 years, many questions still remain unanswered concerning the CEA molecule. These include the ultimate clinical potential of CEA as a tumor marker (specificity, sensitivity, distribution), the biological role of CEA, and the genetic control of CEA synthesis. Initially, much of the work with CEA concerned its physicochemical and immunochemical properties, as well as of cross-reacting molecules, and methods of serologic detection of CEA. More recent studies have focused on cloning of the CEA gene and genetic control of CEA production. An extensive literature exists concerning the role of serum CEA assays and their potential value in determining the prognosis and monitoring of patients affected with cancers of various organs. Despite extensive research into the biology of CEA, few papers deal with the application of CEA immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry as concerns normal cellular development, the degree of tumor anaplasia, and the various diagnostic problems of surgical pathology. There has also been a great deal of interest in the utility of both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to CEA both in the radioimmunolocalization and potential therapy of CEA-producing tumors. This review summarizes the past and current findings of the clinical applicability of the serum measurement of CEA and examines the status of radioimmunolocalization of tumors as a basis for effective antibody targeted immunotherapy in the future.
Predicting Subsequent Decline in Kidney Allograft Function from Early Surveillance Biopsies (2005)

Identifying factors that are predictive of allograft loss might be an important step toward prolonging kidney allograft survival. In this study we sought to determine the association between histologic changes on 1-year surveillance biopsies, changes in graft function and survival. This analysis included 292 adults, recipients of kidneys from living donors (69%) or deceased donors (31%), transplanted between 1998 and 2001 and followed up for 46 +/- 14 months. The primary end point was death-censored graft loss or a >50% reduction in GFR beyond 1 year. One-year biopsies were classified as: (i) Normal (N = 87, 30%), (ii) inflammation (N = 6, 2%), (iii) fibrosis (N = 131, 45%), (iv) fibrosis and inflammation (N = 53, 18%) and (v) transplant glomerulopathy (N = 15, 5%). By multivariate Cox analysis, survival related to biopsy classification (HR = 4.2, p = 0.001), graft function (HR = 0.97, p = 0.001) and HLA mismatches (HR = 1.003, p = 0.004). Using normal histology as a reference, fibrosis and inflammation (HR = 8.5, p < 0.0001) and glomerulopathy (HR = 10, p < 0.0001) related to poorer survival but mild fibrosis alone did not. Importantly, the degree of inflammation associated with fibrosis generally did not qualify for the diagnosis of borderline rejection. In conclusion, inflammation and glomerulopathy 1 year post-transplant predict loss of graft function and graft failure independently of function and other variables.
Rational Peptide-Based Vaccine Design for Cancer Immunotherapeutic Applications (2005)

Immune responses to cancer cells can be elicited in vivo by administering synthetic peptides derived from proteins uniquely or overexpressed on tumor cells (tumor associated antigens--TAAs). Peptides derived from TAAs are presented in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules to cytotoxic T cells (CTL), which can recognize and lyze tumor cells. In contrast to peptides derived from an exogenous source (viral or bacterial), tumor peptides bind weakly to MHC class I molecules. The low binding affinity of these peptides makes them poor candidates for vaccination due to the poor immunogenic response produced. In order to enhance antigen recognition and hence immunogenicity, peptide binding affinity for MHC can be initially improved by modifying the "anchor" residues. However, the task at hand is highly unpredictable and minor changes in peptide sequence can alter/abolish the T cell response. Furthermore, despite the wealth of information obtained over the last decade from high resolution X-ray structures of MHC class I in complex with peptides (pMHC) as well as pMHC in complex with T cell receptor (TcR), prediction remains difficult. Nonetheless, peptides represent convenient chemical entities that can be rapidly synthesized in clinical grade for therapeutic applications. Herein, the rationale behind modifying TAAs will be discussed including the synthesis/use of proteolytically tolerant peptides (and peptide mimetics) which incorporate non-natural amino acids, retro-inversion and cyclization to improve bioavailability.
HLA class-II antigen-mediated induction of a proliferative response to anti-IgM in human B lymphocytes (1991)

Signal transduction via HLA class-II antigens has been studied using human resting B lymphocytes and monoclonal anti-HLA class-II antibodies. An increased intracellular calcium flux, phosphatidylinositol biphosphate hydrolysis and activation of protein kinase C have all been observed following signal transduction via HLA-class-II molecules. The interaction of HLA-class-II-mediated signalling with sIg-mediated signalling has been studied using a non-mitogenic anti-sIg. This combination provides a model for T-cell-dependent antigenic stimulation. The results demonstrate that stimulation via HLA class-II antigens permits a proliferative response to an otherwise non-mitogenic anti-sIg and that this effect is not restricted to one HLA class-II isotype. These data suggest that HLA-class-II-mediated signalling is important in responses to T-cell-dependent antigens.
3.5 inch 16 Mbyte floppy disk drive (1989)

The authors have developed a 3.5-in, 16-Mbyte, large-capacity, high-speed floppy disk drive (FDD). A novel embedded sector server technology with a learning-forward control and a double-loop multisampling system, as well as a microstepping motor with an optical encoder, were used to achieve high density of 542 tracks/in with an accurate trackability of +or-2.5 mu m and a high-speed average seek time of less than 50 msec as well as high vibration resistance. The authors describe the overall FDD system, the head positioning control system, and the control performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An optimization methodology for document structure extraction on Latin character documents (2001)

In this paper, we give a formal definition of a document image structure representation, and formulate document image structure extraction as a partitioning problem: finding an optimal solution partitioning the set of glyphs of an input document image into a hierarchical tree structure where entities within the hierarchy at each level have similar physical properties and compatible semantic labels. We present a unified methodology that is applicable to construction of document structures at different hierarchical levels. An iterative, relaxation-like method is used to find a partitioning solution that maximizes the probability of the extracted structure. All the probabilities used in the partitioning process are estimated from an extensive training set of various kinds of measurements among the entities within the hierarchy. The offline probabilities estimated in the training then drive all decisions in the online document structure extraction. We have implemented a text line extraction algorithm using this framework.
ANGIOTENSIN II, NOREPINEPHRINE, AND RENAL TRANSPORT OF ELECTROLYTES AND WATER IN NORMAL MAN AND IN CIRRHOSIS WITH ASCITES* (1963)

Effect of angiotensin and norepinephrine infusions on blood pressure, renal hemodynamics, and excretion of
Tumor protein 53-induced nuclear protein 1 expression is repressed by miR-155, and its restoration inhibits pancreatic tumor development (2007)

Pancreatic cancer is a disease with an extremely poor prognosis. Tumor protein 53-induced nuclear protein 1 (TP53INP1) is a proapoptotic stress-induced p53 target gene. In this article, we show by immunohistochemical analysis that TP53INP1 expression is dramatically reduced in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and this decrease occurs early during pancreatic cancer development. TP53INP1 reexpression in the pancreatic cancer-derived cell line MiaPaCa2 strongly reduced its capacity to form s.c., i.p., and intrapancreatic tumors in nude mice. This anti-tumoral capacity is, at least in part, due to the induction of caspase 3-mediated apoptosis. In addition, TP53INP1(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) transformed with a retrovirus expressing E1A/ras(V12) oncoproteins developed bigger tumors than TP53INP1(+/+) transformed MEFs or TP53INP1(-/-) transformed MEFs with restored TP53INP1 expression. Finally, TP53INP1 expression is repressed by the oncogenic micro RNA miR-155, which is overexpressed in PDAC cells. TP53INP1 is a previously unknown miR-155 target presenting anti-tumoral activity.
Triple Bottom Line: A Business Metaphor for a Social Construct (2006)

Organizational management is specifi cally granted fi duciary responsibility over society’s economic resources, which consist of natural and human 
resources. Because of their privileged status, organizational management 
and the associated business professions play a central role in the long-term 
viability of a democratically governed society grounded in justice, equality, 
and trust. Acting in the public interest requires consideration of natural, 
social, and economic systems. Natural systems provide the context and 
sustenance for social systems and, therefore, must be respected, nurtured, 
and sustained. Social systems provide the context and purpose of economic 
systems. Business professionals, such as accounting and other information 
providers, analysts, and monitors; and regulatory agencies, such as the 
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC),2 Environmental Protection 
Agency, and Food and Drug Administration, facilitate and scrutinize organizational management in carrying out their fi duciary responsibility.
Vaccine‐Induced Th1‐Type Responses are Dominant over Th2‐Type Responses in the Short Term whereas Pre‐existing Th2 Responses are Dominant in the Longer Term (1998)

The effect of adjuvant on induction of human papillomavirus type 16 E7 protein-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and immunoglobulin G (IgG)2a antibody was studied in C57BL/6 J mice immunized with various adjuvants and E7 protein. Quil-A adjuvant, but not complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or Algammulin, induced a T-helper 1 (Th1)-type response to E7, which was characterized by CTL activity against a tumour cell line transfected with E7 protein and by E7-specific IgG2a. All tested adjuvants elicited comparable levels of E7-specific IgG1. The longest duration and greatest magnitude of CTL response was seen following two immunizations with the highest dose of E7 and Quil-A. Simultaneous immunization with a Th1 and a T helper 2 (Th2)-promoting adjuvant gave a Th1-type response. However, E7 and Quil-A were unable to induce a Th1-type response (as measured by the inability to generate anti-E7 IgG2a antibody) in animals with a pre-existing Th2-type response to E7. These results suggest that saponin adjuvants may be suitable for immunotherapy in humans where a Th1-type response is sought, provided that there is no pre-existing Th2-type response to the antigen.