gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased Rate of Cytomegalovirus Infection among Parents of Children Attending Day-Care Centers (1986)

We screened parents of children from three previously studied day-care centers where children have maintained high rates of cytomegalovirus (CMV) excretion, as well as parents of children not in day-care centers (controls), for antibody to CMV. Longitudinal serologic follow-up of seronegative parents revealed that 14 of 67 with children in the day-care centers acquired CMV, as compared with none of 31 controls (P less than 0.003). All 14 parents who seroconverted had a child who was shedding CMV in saliva or urine. Among the day-care group, acquisition of CMV occurred in 14 of 46 parents of children who shed CMV, as compared with none of 21 whose children did not excrete the virus (P less than 0.0001). There was no correlation between parental seroconversion and sex, race, age, number of years of education, marital status, occupation, or number of children in the home. CMV infection occurred in 9 of 20 parents (45 percent) with a child shedding CMV who was 18 months of age or less at enrollment. We conclude that children often transmit CMV to parents and could be an important source of maternal CMV infection during pregnancy.
Cathodoluminescence and photoluminescence of highly luminescent CdSe/ZnS quantum dot composites (1997)

We report room-temperature cathodoluminescence and photoluminescence spectra originating from ZnS overcoated CdSe nanocrystals, 33 and 42 Å in diameter, embedded in a ZnS matrix. The thin-film quantum dot composites were synthesized by electrospray organometallic chemical vapor deposition. Cathodoluminescence and photoluminescence are dominated by the sharp band-edge emission characteristic of the initial nanocrystals. The emission wavelength can be tuned in a broad window (470–650 nm) by varying the size of the dots. The cathodoluminescence intensity depends on the crystallinity of the ZnS matrix and the voltage and current density applied.
Identification of induction motor speed using neural networks (2002)

A newly developed approach to identify the mechanical speed of an induction motor based on the neural networks technique is described. The backpropagation neural network technique is used to provide a real-time adaptive estimation of the motor speed. The error between the desired state variable and the actual one is backpropagated to adjust the rotor speed, so that the actual state variable will coincide with the desired one. The backpropagation mechanism is easy to derive and the estimated speed tracks precisely the actual motor speed. A theoretical analysis as well as simulation results to verify the effectiveness of the new method are described in this paper.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A measles virus glycoprotein-derived human CTL epitope is abundantly presented via the proteasomal-dependent MHC class I processing pathway (2001)

Peptides derived from measles virus (MV) are presented by MHC class I molecules at widely divergent levels, but it is currently unknown how functional these levels are. Here, for the first time, we studied the natural occurrence and the underlying processing events of a known MV CTL epitope derived from the fusion glycoprotein (MV-F) and restricted via HLA-B*2705. Using MHC-peptide elution of MV-infected cells followed by sensitive mass spectrometry we determined the naturally occurring sequence to be RRYPDAVYL, corresponding to MV-F(438-446). Its level of expression was enumerated at approximately 1500 copies per cell, which is considered to be abundant, but lies within the range described for other viral CTL epitopes in human MHC class I molecules. We found that processing of the MV-F(438-446) epitope occurs primarily via the classic MHC class I loading pathway, since presentation to CTL depends on both the transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP) and the proteasome. Even though it is cotranslationally inserted into the ER, a major part of MV-F is located in the cytosol, where it accumulates rapidly in the presence of proteasome inhibitors. We therefore conclude that a substantial cytosolic turnover of MV-F, together with some excellent processing features of MV-F(438-446) precursors, such as precise C-terminal excision by proteasomes, efficient TAP transport and strong HLA binding, dictate the abundant functional expression of the MV-F(438-446) CTL epitope in HLA-B*2705 at the surface of MV-infected cells.
Strategies for engineering a two-celled C4 photosynthetic pathway into rice (2011)

Every day almost one billion people suffer from chronic hunger, and the situation is expected to deteriorate with a projected population growth to 9 billion worldwide by 2050. In order to provide adequate nutrition into the future, rice yields in Asia need to increase by 60%, a change that may be achieved by introduction of the C(4) photosynthetic cycle into rice. The international C(4) Rice Consortium was founded in order to test the feasibility of installing the C(4) engine into rice. This review provides an update on two of the many approaches employed by the C(4) Rice Consortium: namely, metabolic C(4) engineering and identification of determinants of leaf anatomy by mutant screens. The aim of the metabolic C(4) engineering approach is to generate a two-celled C(4) shuttle in rice by expressing the classical enzymes of the NADP-ME C(4) cycle in a cell-appropriate manner. The aim is also to restrict RuBisCO and glycine decarboxylase expression to the bundle sheath (BS) cells of rice in a C(4)-like fashion by specifically down-regulating their expression in rice mesophyll (M) cells. In addition to the changes in biochemistry, two-celled C(4) species show a convergence in leaf anatomy that include increased vein density and reduced numbers of M cells between veins. By screening rice activation-tagged lines and loss-of-function sorghum mutants we endeavour to identify genes controlling these key traits.
An automated approach to detect violations with high confidence in incremental code using a learning system (2014)

Static analysis (SA) tools are often used to analyze a software system to identify violation of good programming practices (such as not validating arguments to public methods, use of magic numbers etc.) and potential defects (such as misused APIs, race conditions, deadlocks etc.). Most widely used SA tools perform shallow data flow analysis with the results containing considerable number of False Positives (FPs) and False Negatives (FNs). Moreover it is difficult to run these tools only on newly added or modified piece of code. In order to determine which violations are new we need to perform tedious process of post processing the SA tool results. The proposed system takes into consideration the above mentioned issues of SA and provides a lightweight approach to detection of coding violations statically and proactively, with high degree of confidence using a learning system. It also identifies the violations with a quality perspective using the predefined mapping of violations to quality attributes. We successfully implemented a prototype of the system and studied its use across some of the projects in Siemens, Corporate Technology, Development Center, Asia Australia (CT DC AA). Experimental results showed significant reduction in time required in result analysis and also in FPs and FNs reported.
Vertically Aligned Zn2SiO4 Nanotube/ZnO Nanowire Heterojunction Arrays (2007)

Up the junction: An approach for fabricating Zn2SiO4 nanotube/ZnO nanowire heterojunction arrays (see picture) is introduced by using ZnO-nanowire arrays as a template. The technique, which is based on a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition process, reveals a novel, low-cost, and efficient method for aligning nanotube/nanowire heterojunctions, which could be useful for fabricating novel nanodevices.
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Biosensors That Detect Ran Conformational Changes and a Ran·GDP-Importin-β-RanBP1 Complexin Vitro and in Intact Cells (2002)

The Ran GTPase plays a central role in nucleocytoplasmic transport. Association of Ran x GTP with transport carriers (karyopherins) triggers the loading/unloading of export or import cargo, respectively. The C-terminal tail of Ran x GTP is deployed in an extended conformation when associated with a Ran binding domain or importins. To monitor tail orientation, a Ran-GFP fusion was labeled with the fluorophore Alexa546. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) occurs efficiently between the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and Alexa546 for Ran x GDP and Ran x GTP, suggesting that the tail is tethered in both states. However, Ran x GTP complexes with importin-beta, RanBP1, and Crm1 all show reduced FRET consistent with tail extension. Displacement of the C-terminal tail of Ran by karyopherins may be a general mechanism to facilitate RanBP1 binding. A Ran x GDP-RanBP1-importin-beta complex also displayed a low FRET signal. To detect this complex in vivo, a bipartite biosensor consisting of Ran-Alexa546 plus GST-GFP-RanBP1, was co-injected into the cytoplasm of cells. The Ran redistributed predominantly to the nucleus, and RanBP1 remained cytoplasmic. Nonetheless, a robust cytoplasmic FRET signal was detectable, which suggests that a significant fraction of cytoplasmic Ran.GDP may exist in a ternary complex with RanBP1 and importins.
Study on the manufacture sub-micron metal materials by severe deformation of ARB process (2006)

Severe deformation on Q235 plain carbon steel and L2 pure aluminium by ARB process using power hot mill were investigation.The mechanical Performance,microstructure,defect of the material were studied by mechanics test machine,Scan Electron Microscope,Transmission Electron Microscope and Electron Back Scattering Diffraction.The experiment results indicate that ultrafine grains and higher intensity material can obtain by ARB severe deformation process on plain hot rolling mill.The strength of plain carbon steel were increased from 385MPa to 797.5MPa,the average grain size is 0.7μm.The strength of L2 pure aluminium were increased to 190.44MPa from 75.2MPa,the average grain size is reduced to 0.5μm.The severe deformation induce piling-up dislocation which can strengthen the material.
Identification of a Gene Involved in Assembly ofActinomyces naeslundiiT14V Type 2 Fimbriae (1998)

The nucleotide sequence of the Actinomyces naeslundii T14V type 2 fimbrial structural subunit gene, fimA, and the 3' flanking DNA region was determined. The fimA gene encoded a 535-amino-acid precursor subunit protein (FimA) which included both N-terminal leader and C-terminal cell wall sorting sequences. A second gene, designated orf365, that encoded a 365-amino-acid protein which contained a putative transmembrane segment was identified immediately 3' to fimA. Mutants in which either fimA or orf365 was replaced with a kanamycin resistance gene did not participate in type 2 fimbriae-mediated coaggregation with Streptococcus oralis 34. Type 2 fimbrial antigen was not detected in cell extracts of the fimA mutant by Western blotting with anti-A. naeslundii type 2 fimbrial antibody, but the subunit protein was detected in extracts of the orf365 mutant. The subunit protein detected in this mutant also was immunostained by an antibody raised against a synthetic peptide representing the C-terminal 20 amino acid residues of the predicted FimA. The antipeptide antibody reacted with FimA isolated from the recombinant Escherichia coli clone containing fimA but did not react with purified type 2 fimbriae in extracts of the wild-type strain. These results indicate that synthesis of type 2 fimbriae in A. naeslundii T14V may involve posttranslational cleavage of both the N-terminal and C-terminal peptides of the precursor subunit and also the expression of orf365.
Metabolic Engineering of Monoclonal Antibody Carbohydrates for Antibody–Drug Conjugation (2013)

The role that carbohydrates play in antibody function and pharmacokinetics has made them important targets for modification. The terminal fucose of the N-linked glycan structure, which has been shown to be involved in modulation of antibody-directed cellular cytotoxicity, is a particularly interesting location for potential modification through incorporation of alternative sugar structures. A library of fucose analogues was evaluated for their ability to incorporate into antibody carbohydrates in place of the native fucose. A number of efficiently incorporated molecules were identified, demonstrating the ability of fucosyltransferase VIII to utilize a variety of non-natural sugars as substrates. Among these structures was a thiolated analogue, 6-thiofucose, which was incorporated into the antibody carbohydrate with good efficiency. This unnatural thio-sugar could then be used for conjugation using maleimide chemistry to produce antibody-drug conjugates with pronounced cytotoxic activities and improved homogeneity compared to drug attachment through hinge disulfides.
Hydrogenotrophic Methanogenesis by Moderately Acid-Tolerant Methanogens of a Methane-Emitting Acidic Peat (2003)

The emission of methane (1.3 mmol of CH(4) m(-2) day(-1)), precursors of methanogenesis, and the methanogenic microorganisms of acidic bog peat (pH 4.4) from a moderately reduced forest site were investigated by in situ measurements, microcosm incubations, and cultivation methods, respectively. Bog peat produced CH(4) (0.4 to 1.7 micro mol g [dry wt] of soil(-1) day(-1)) under anoxic conditions. At in situ pH, supplemental H(2)-CO(2), ethanol, and 1-propanol all increased CH(4) production rates while formate, acetate, propionate, and butyrate inhibited the production of CH(4); methanol had no effect. H(2)-dependent acetogenesis occurred in H(2)-CO(2)-supplemented bog peat only after extended incubation periods. Nonsupplemented bog peat initially produced small amounts of H(2) that were subsequently consumed. The accumulation of H(2) was stimulated by ethanol and 1-propanol or by inhibiting methanogenesis with bromoethanesulfonate, and the consumption of ethanol was inhibited by large amounts of H(2); these results collectively indicated that ethanol- or 1-propanol-utilizing bacteria were trophically associated with H(2)-utilizing methanogens. A total of 10(9) anaerobes and 10(7) hydrogenotrophic methanogens per g (dry weight) of bog peat were enumerated by cultivation techniques. A stable methanogenic enrichment was obtained with an acidic, H(2)-CO(2)-supplemented, fatty acid-enriched defined medium. CH(4) production rates by the enrichment were similar at pH 4.5 and 6.5, and acetate inhibited methanogenesis at pH 4.5 but not at pH 6.5. A total of 27 different archaeal 16S rRNA gene sequences indicative of Methanobacteriaceae, Methanomicrobiales, and Methanosarcinaceae were retrieved from the highest CH(4)-positive serial dilutions of bog peat and methanogenic enrichments. A total of 10 bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences were also retrieved from the same dilutions and enrichments and were indicative of bacteria that might be responsible for the production of H(2) that could be used by hydrogenotrophic methanogens. These results indicated that in this acidic bog peat, (i) H(2) is an important substrate for acid-tolerant methanogens, (ii) interspecies hydrogen transfer is involved in the degradation of organic carbon, (iii) the accumulation of protonated volatile fatty acids inhibits methanogenesis, and (iv) methanogenesis might be due to the activities of methanogens that are phylogenetic members of the Methanobacteriaceae, Methanomicrobiales, and Methanosarcinaceae.
Facial-feature image coding using principal components (1992)

Facial features in image sequences of a single subject are coded using principal components. Since the class of images used is restricted, a very efficient coding can be obtained and mouth images have been coded with reasonable quality at intraframe compression ratios of about 400
Dynamic combinatorial libraries of metalloporphyrins: templated amplification of disulfide-linked oligomers (2003)

Disulfide-linked cyclic porphyrin oligomers from dimer to tetramer can be selected and amplified virtually quantitatively from a dynamic combinatorial library using bis-thiol substituted zinc(II) porphyrin units with appropriate amine donor templates.
Selective droplet coalescence using microfluidic systems (2012)

We report a microfluidic approach, which allows selective and controlled 1 : 1, 2 : 1 or 3 : 1 droplet fusion. A surfactant-stabilized droplet with an interfacial surfactant coverage, Γ, of >98% will fuse spontaneously with a second droplet when Γ of the latter droplet is <16%. However, when Γ of the second droplet is ~66%, the two droplets will not fuse, unless they have previously been brought into contact for critical time τ. Therefore, controlling the number of droplets in contact for time τ allows precise control over the number of fused droplets. We have demonstrated efficient (proportion of droplets coalesced p(c) = 1.0, n > 1000) and selective 1 : 1, 2 : 1 or 3 : 1 droplet fusion (proportion of correctly fused droplets p(s) > 0.99, n > 1000). Coalescence in this regime is induced by hydrodynamic flow causing interface separation and is efficient at different Ca numbers and using different dispersed phases, continuous phases and surfactants. However, when Γ of the second droplet is ~96% coalescence is no longer observed. Droplet-based microfluidic systems, in which each droplet functions as an independent microreactor, are proving a promising tool for a wide range of ultrahigh-throughput applications in biology and chemistry. The addition of new reagents to pre-formed droplets is critical to many of these applications and we believe the system described here is a simple and flexible method to do so, as well as a new tool to study interfacial stability phenomena.
Selective inhibition of Alzheimer disease-like tau aggregation by phenothiazines. (1996)

In Alzheimer disease (AD) the microtubule-associated protein tau is redistributed exponentially into paired helical filaments (PHFs) forming neurofibrillary tangles, which correlate with pyramidal cell destruction and dementia. Amorphous neuronal deposits and PHFs in AD are characterized by aggregation through the repeat domain and C-terminal truncation at Glu-391 by endogenous proteases. We show that a similar proteolytically stable complex can be generated in vitro following the self-aggregation of tau protein through a high-affinity binding site in the repeat domain. Once started, tau capture can be propagated by seeding the further accumulation of truncated tau in the presence of proteases. We have identified a nonneuroleptic phenothiazine previously used in man (methylene blue, MB), which reverses the proteolytic stability of protease-resistant PHFs by blocking the tau-tau binding interaction through the repeat domain. Although MB is inhibitory at a higher concentration than may be achieved clinically, the tau-tau binding assay was used to identify desmethyl derivatives of MB that have Ki values in the nanomolar range. Neuroleptic phenothiazines are inactive. Tau aggregation inhibitors do not affect the tau-tubulin interaction, which also occurs through the repeat domain. Our findings demonstrate that biologically selective pharmaceutical agents could be developed to facilitate the proteolytic degradation of tau aggregates and prevent the further propagation of tau capture in AD.
Pegylation:  A Method for Assessing Topological Accessibilities in Kv1.3 (2001)

Each subunit of a voltage-gated potassium channel (Kv) contains six putative transmembrane segments, S1-S6, and a cytosolic N-terminal recognition domain, T1. Although it is well-established that Kv channels are tetrameric structures, the protein-protein, protein-lipid, and protein-aqueous interfaces are not precisely mapped. The topological accessibility of specific amino acids may help to identify these border residues. Toward this end, a variant of the substituted-cysteine-accessibility method that relies on mass-labeling of accessible SH groups with a large SH reagent, methoxy-polyethylene glycol maleimide, and gel shift assay has been used. Pegylation of full-length Kv1.3, as well as Kv1.3 fragments, integrated into microsomal membranes, allows topological characterization of the 12 native cysteines (C1-C12), as well as cysteines engineered into a T1-T1 interface. Cysteines engineered into the T1-T1 interface had lower rates of pegylation than cytosolic-facing cysteines, namely, C5 in the T1 domain and C10-C12 in the C terminus.
A Century of Entrepreneurs: The Lufkin Industries Story, 1902-2002 (2002)

by Bob
Carbohydrates Borne on Human Glycophorin A Are Recognized by Porcine Kupffer Cells (2005)

We conclude that porcine Kupffer cells bind xenogeneic human RBC by recognition of a carbohydrate epitope on the surface of human erythrocytes. We hypothesize that this binding is mediated by a porcine Kupffer cell lectin receptor.
Thiamine supplementation to cancer patients: a double edged sword. (1998)

The objectives of this review are to (a) explain the mechanism by which thiamine (vitamin B1) promotes nucleic acid ribose synthesis and tumor cell proliferation via the nonoxidative transketolase (TK) pathway; (b) estimate the thiamine intake of cancer patients and (c) provide background information and to develop guidelines for alternative treatments with antithiamine transketolase inhibitors in the clinical setting. Clinical and experimental data demonstrate increased thiamine utilization of human tumors and its interference with experimental chemotherapy. Analysis of RNA ribose indicates that glucose carbons contribute to over 90% of ribose synthesis in cultured cervix und pancreatic carcinoma cells and that ribose is synthesized primarily through the thiamine dependent TK pathway (> 70%). Antithiamine compounds significantly inhibit nucleic acid synthesis and tumor cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo in several tumor models. The medical literature reveals little information regarding the role of the thiamine dependent TK reaction in tumor cell ribose production which is a central process in de novo nucleic acid synthesis and the salvage pathways for purines. Consequently, current thiamine administration protocols oversupply thiamine by 200% to 20,000% of the recommended dietary allowance, because it is considered harmless and needed by cancer patients. The thiamine dependent TK pathway is the central avenue which supplies ribose phosphate for nucleic acids in tumors and excessive thiamine supplementation maybe responsible for failed therapeutic attempts to terminate cancer cell proliferation. Limited administration of thiamine and concomitant treatment with transketolase inhibitors is a more rational approach to treat cancer.
Three-Layer Composite Magnetic Nanoparticle Probes for DNA (2005)

A method for synthesizing composite nanoparticles with a gold shell, an Fe3O4 inner shell, and a silica core has been developed. The approach utilizes positively charged amino-modified SiO2 particles as templates for the assembly of negatively charged 15 nm superparamagnetic water-soluble Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The SiO2-Fe3O4 particles electrostatically attract 1-3 nm Au nanoparticle seeds that act in a subsequent step as nucleation sites for the formation of a continuous gold shell around the SiO2-Fe3O4 particles upon HAuCl4 reduction. The three-layer magnetic nanoparticles, when functionalized with oligonucleotides, exhibit the surface chemistry, optical properties, and cooperative DNA binding properties of gold nanoparticle probes, but the magnetic properties of the Fe3O4 inner shell.