gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant status in patients with uncomplicated insulin‐dependent and non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (1997)

Oxidative damage by free radicals has been implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular disease in diabetes. We compared the radical-scavenging antioxidant activity of serum from 28 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and 24 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus uncomplicated by vascular disease with age-matched non-diabetic control subjects. Patients with insulin-dependent diabetes had significantly reduced total antioxidant activity (320.2 +/- 11.3 vs. 427.5 +/- 19.2 mumol L-1; P < 0.001). This was attributable to lower urate (209.4 +/- 10.4 vs. 297.1 +/- 16.7 mumol L-1; P < 0.001) and vitamin C levels (63.6 +/- 6.0 vs. 87.5 +/- 4.9 mumol L-1; P < 0.01). Patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes had lower total antioxidant activity than age-matched control subjects (433.8 +/- 25.4 vs. 473.9 +/- 30.2 mumol L-1; NS), reflecting lower urate (299.5 +/- 19.4 vs. 324.8 +/- 21.4 mumol L-1; NS) and vitamin C levels (38.6 +/- 5.7 vs. 58.5 +/- 5.3 mumol L-1; P < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that urate, vitamin C and vitamin E were the major contributors to serum total antioxidant activity. These results show that diabetic patients have significant defects of antioxidant protection, which may increase vulnerability to oxidative damage and the development of diabetic complications.
Development of blood extraction system for health monitoring system (2004)

The purpose of this research is to develop the compact human blood sampling device applied for a health monitoring system(HMS), which is called “Mobile Hospital”. The HMS consists of (1) a micro electrical pumping system for blood extraction, (2) a bio-sensor to detect and evaluate an amount of Glucose, Cholesterol and Urea in extracted blood, by using enzyme such as Glucoseoxidase (GOD), Cholesteroloxidase and Urease. The mechanical design elements of the device are bio-compatible microneedle, indentation unit using a shape memory alloy(SMA) actuator and pumping unit using a piezoelectric microactuator. The design concept is the biomimetic micromachine of female mosquito’s blood sampling mechanism. The performances of the main mechanical elements such as indentation force of the microneedle, actual stroke of the indentation unit using a SMA actuator and liquid sampling ability of the pumping unit using PZT piezoelectric microactuator were measured. The 3 mm stroke of the indentation load generated by SMA actuator was 0.8mN. The amount of imitation blood extracted by using bimorph PZT actuators was about 0.5 microliters for 10 sec. A 60-micrometer outer diameter and 25-micrometer inner diameter Titanium microneedle, which size is same as female mosquito’s labium, was produced by sputter deposition.
Measuring ligand efficacy at the mu-opioid receptor using a conformational biosensor (2018)

The intrinsic efficacy of orthosteric ligands acting at G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) reflects their ability to stabilize active receptor states (R*) and is a major determinant of their physiological effects. Here, we present a direct way to quantify the efficacy of ligands by measuring the binding of a R*-specific biosensor to purified receptor employing interferometry. As an example, we use the mu-opioid receptor (µ-OR), a prototypic class A GPCR, and its active state sensor, nanobody-39 (Nb39). We demonstrate that ligands vary in their ability to recruit Nb39 to µ-OR and describe methadone, loperamide, and PZM21 as ligands that support unique R* conformation(s) of µ-OR. We further show that positive allosteric modulators of µ-OR promote formation of R* in addition to enhancing promotion by orthosteric agonists. Finally, we demonstrate that the technique can be utilized with heterotrimeric G protein. The method is cell-free, signal transduction-independent and is generally applicable to GPCRs.
Interstitial fluid lipoproteins. (1987)

While a wide variety of techniques has been used to collect samples of interstitial fluid, most of our detailed knowledge about the composition of interstitial fluid lipoproteins has come from lymph collection studies. The considerable variability of lymph data probably reflects the effect of variable metabolic modification and different capillary permeabilities on the lipoprotein composition of interstitial fluid. All density classes of plasma lipoproteins are present in lymph. In peripheral lymph, the lymph/plasma concentration ratios of lipoproteins vary from 0.03 for VLDL-sized particles to 0.2 for HDL. Lymph from more permeable vascular beds, such as lung and myocardium, contains proportionately more lipoproteins. Their lymph/plasma concentration ratios vary from 0.1 to 0.6. In general, lymph lipoproteins are more heterogeneous in size than their plasma counterparts. Lymph HDL and LDL contain larger and smaller particles than their plasma equivalents. Lymph lipoproteins have unusual shapes (square packing and discoidal), chemical compositions, and molecular charge, which suggest de novo formation and/or extensive peripheral modification. Lymph HDL and LDL are enriched in free cholesterol. Lymph HDL also has increased cholesterol/protein and phospholipid/protein (especially sphingomyelin) ratios (Sloop, C.H., L. Dory, and P.S. Roheim, unpublished observations). Lymph HDL apoprotein composition differs from that of plasma, with an increase in apoE and apoA-IV content relative to apoA-I. These discoidal HDL particles may be products of an initial stage of reverse cholesterol transport. We believe further study of their metabolic fate would give important information concerning the later stages of reverse cholesterol transport.
Etiology and Pathogenesis in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (1994)

The etiology and pathogenesis of the inflammatory and fibrotic bile duct lesions characteristic of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is unknown, but several lines of evidence support the contention that genetic and immunologic factors are involved. There is an association with human leukocyte antigens (HLA) with an increased frequency of DR3, DR6, and DR2 positive haplotypes. DRB3*0101(DR52a) is the most strongly associated allele in some studies, but the HLA gene conferring the primary HLA associated susceptibility to PSC remains to be established. There is an aberrant expression of HLA class II antigens (DR and DP) on bile duct epithelial cells, with the potential to present antigens to the surrounding T-lymphocytes. A defective suppressor T-cell function has been suggested in some studies. The patients may have elevated levels of circulating immune complexes, immunoglobulins, and non-organ-specific autoantibodies. Antibodies to perinuclear antigens (pANCA) are present in about 80% of cases. Increased metabolism of complement C3, reduced clearance of immune complexes, and increased concentration of biliary immune complexes have been found. The strong association between PSC and ulcerative colitis (UC) has not been explained. The detection of circulating IgG antibodies against a specific epitope shared by epithelial cells in the bile ducts and colon in about two-thirds of PSC patients may be of importance. Portal bacteremia secondary to a diseased bowel may possibly contribute to development of liver disease in UC. Viral infections and toxic and ischemic factors have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of PSC. In conclusion, PSC seems to occur in genetically predisposed individuals, mediated by immunologic mechanisms. The primary event triggering the disease development is, however, unknown.
Knocking out consumer concerns and regulator’s rules: efficient use of CRISPR/Cas ribonucleoprotein complexes for genome editing in cereals (2017)

Selection-free genome editing using Cas9 ribonucleoprotein embryo bombardment has been achieved for maize and wheat. This is a breakthrough that should make new breeding technologies more acceptable for worldwide use.
Somatic mutations and germline sequence variants in the expressed tyrosine kinase genes of patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (2008)

Activating mutations in tyrosine kinase (TK) genes (eg, FLT3 and KIT) are found in more than 30% of patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML); many groups have speculated that mutations in other TK genes may be present in the remaining 70%. We performed high-throughput resequencing of the kinase domains of 26 TK genes (11 receptor TK; 15 cytoplasmic TK) expressed in most AML patients using genomic DNA from the bone marrow (tumor) and matched skin biopsy samples ("germline") from 94 patients with de novo AML; sequence variants were validated in an additional 94 AML tumor samples (14.3 million base pairs of sequence were obtained and analyzed). We identified known somatic mutations in FLT3, KIT, and JAK2 TK genes at the expected frequencies and found 4 novel somatic mutations, JAK1(V623A), JAK1(T478S), DDR1(A803V), and NTRK1(S677N), once each in 4 respective patients of 188 tested. We also identified novel germline sequence changes encoding amino acid substitutions (ie, nonsynonymous changes) in 14 TK genes, including TYK2, which had the largest number of nonsynonymous sequence variants (11 total detected). Additional studies will be required to define the roles that these somatic and germline TK gene variants play in AML pathogenesis.
Localization of a type-specific antigenic site on herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein D (1984)

A herpes simplex virus type 1 strain isolated from a recurrent lesion of the nose reacted with monoclonal antibodies recognizing a type 2-specific site on glycoprotein D but not with monoclonal antibodies recognizing other type 2-specific sites. DNA sequence analysis of the glycoprotein D gene of the isolate revealed a single nucleotide alteration which changed the codon for asparagine to one encoding histidine at amino acid 97 in the protein. Histidine is located at this position in glycoprotein of herpes simplex virus type 2; thus, the monoclonal antibody 17 beta A3 recognizes an epitope located at this region of the protein.
Organization of Ripening and Ethylene Regulatory Regions in a Fruit-Specific Promoter from Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) (1992)

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruit ripening is initiated by an increase in ethylene hormone concentration. E8 gene transcription is fruit-specific and is activated at the onset of ripening and in unripe fruit treated with exogenous ethylene. To understand how E8 gene transcription is controlled during ripening, we analyzed the effect of deletions of flanking DNA sequences on E8 gene expression in transgenic tomato fruit. We found that a minimum of three 5' and one 3' regions influence E8 gene expression during fruit ripening. DNA sequences that confer responsiveness to exogenous ethylene in unripe fruit are distinct from DNA sequences that are sufficient for expression during fruit ripening.
Spectroscopic detection and evaluation of morphologic and biochemical changes in early human oral carcinoma (2003)

The results of the current study demonstrated that Trimodal spectroscopy is a highly sensitive and specific technique with which to diagnose tissue abnormalities.
Extraction of strong mineral acids by organic acid-base couples (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExtraction of strong mineral acids by organic acid-base couplesAharon Eyal and Avraham BanielCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1982, 21, 2, 334–337Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i200017a019https://doi.org/10.1021/i200017a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views755Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A Female Sex Offender with Multiple Paraphilias: A Psychologic, Physiologic (Laboratory Sexual Arousal) and Endocrine Case Study (1990)

A 20 year old female pedophile exhibiting multiple paraphilias and who had been both a victim of incest and an active participant, undertook extensive clinical, psychometric, endocrine and laboratory sexual arousal studies. Her psychiatric, psychometric and physiologic arousal profiles showed similarities to those of a sizable proportion of male child molesters, especially incestors. It is suggested that laboratory arousal tests (using the vaginal photoplethysmograph) may have a role in the assessment of some female sex offenders.
Successful Declotting of Arteriovenous Grafts with Local Infusion of Urokinase in Hemodialyzed Patients (1986)

Local infusion of urokinase was used in 15 cases of thrombotic occlusion of polytetrafluoroethylene grafts in 10 hemodialyzed patients. The treatment was successful in all patients except one in whom recurring thrombosis occurred because of junctional stenosis at the venous anastomosis. No relevant side effects were observed. Follow-up data show that such treatment can significantly prolong the survival of arteriovenous grafts in hemodialyzed patients with otherwise difficult access to the circulation.
Regeneration in Cereal Tissue Culture: a Review (1990)

This review examines the literature on successful establishment of regenerable cell cultures in the economically important cereal crops. Some of the major trends and strategies for the establishment of in vitro cultures that express totipotency are discussed as well as current approaches. It is apparent that in cereal tissue culture, not all cells express totipotency. Generally the auxin 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) is critical for the production of regenerable callus; however, the addition of cytokinin can be significant. Meristematic cells from immature tissues are the targets for plant growth regulator action. Some genotypes produce embryogenic cultures, while others are recalcitrant to in vitro manipulation. Regeneration occurs either by somatic embryogenesis or adventitious bud and shoot development with subsequent rooting. In these meristematic tissues, plastids are at the undifferentiated proplastid stage of development. The development of a white, nodulated embryogenic callus in somatic embryogenesis and the formation of green buds during organogenesis suggest divergent modes of plastid differentiation during morphogenesis. Plant growth regulators may be involved with inducing or directing different pathways of plastid differentiation. Genotypic differences in morphogenesis may be due to differences in endogenous hormone levels.
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Affects Metaphase I Chromosome Alignment and Increases Aneuploidy in Mouse Oocytes Matured in Vitro1 (2004)

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) at a wide range of doses is routinely added to culture media during in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes, but the effects on oocyte health are unclear. The suggestion that superovulation may cause aneuploidy and fetal abnormalities prompted us to study the potential role of FSH in the genesis of chromosomal abnormalities during meiosis I. Mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) isolated from the antral follicles of unprimed, sexually immature B6CBF1 mice were cultured in increasing concentrations of FSH. Following culture, matured oocytes were isolated, spread, stained with DAPI, and the numbers of chromosomes counted. Significantly increased aneuploidy, arising during the first meiotic division, was observed in metaphase II oocytes matured in higher concentrations of FSH (> or =20 ng/ml). The effect of FSH on spindle morphology and chromosome alignment during metaphase I was then explored using immunocytochemistry and three-dimensional reconstruction of confocal sections. High FSH had no effect on gross spindle morphology but did alter chromosome congression during prometaphase and metaphase, with the spread of chromosomes across the spindle at this time being significantly greater in oocytes cultured in 2000 ng/ml compared with 2 ng/ml FSH. Analysis of three-dimensional reconstructions of spindles in oocytes matured in 2000 ng/ml FSH shows that chromosomes are more scattered and farther apart than they are following maturation in 2 ng/ml FSH. These results demonstrate that exposure to high levels of FSH during IVM can accelerate nuclear maturation and induce chromosomal abnormalities and highlights the importance of the judicious use of FSH during IVM.
Pulse-frequency-modulation vision chip with frequency range control as a retinal prosthesis device (2003)

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a new pixel structure of a vision chip for visual recovery of the blind by means of electric stimulation against the retina. We introduce output frequency range control to a conventional pulse frequency modulation (PFM) photosensor. To configure the lower and upper limits of the output pulse frequency suitable for electric stimulation, we added nMOS and pMOS leak transistors and a switched-capacitor filter to an original PFM pixel circuit. We fabricated a test circuit of the improved PFM pixel using a standard 0.6 &mu;m CMOS process. The pulse frequency range was successfully fixed, for example, from 100 Hz to 1 kHz.
Synthesis and Characterization of Biodegradable Homopolymers and Block Copolymers Based on 1,5-Dioxepan-2-one (1994)

peer reviewed
Characteristics of self-quenching of the fluorescence of lipid-conjugated rhodamine in membranes. (1990)

Self- or concentration quenching of octadecylrhodamine B (C18-Rh) fluorescence increases linearly in egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) vesicles but exponentially in vesicles composed of egg PC:cholesterol, 1:1, as the probe concentration is raised to 10 mol%. Cholesterol-dependent enhancement of self-quenching also occurs when N-(lissamine-rhodamine-B-sulfonyl)dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine is substituted for C18-Rh and resembles that in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles below, as opposed to above, the phase transition. These effects are not due to changes in dimer:monomer absorbance. Stern-Volmer plots indicate a dependence of quenching on nonfluorescent dimers both in the presence and absence of cholesterol. Decreases in fluorescence lifetimes with increasing probe concentration parallel decreases in residual fluorescence of C18-Rh with increasing probe concentration in PC and PC + cholesterol membranes, respectively. Decreases in the steady-state polarization of C18-Rh fluorescence as its concentration is raised to 10 mol% indicate energy transfer with emission between probe molecules in PC and to a lesser extent in PC + cholesterol membranes. The calculated R0 for 50% efficiency of energy transfer from excited state probe to monomer was 55-58 A and to dimer was 27 A. Since lateral diffusion of C18-Rh is probably too slow to permit collisional quenching during the lifetime of the probe, even if C18-Rh were concentrated in a separate phase, C18-Rh self-quenching appears to be due mainly to energy transfer without emission to nonfluorescent dimers.
Capillary perfusion during ischemia-reperfusion in subcutaneous connective tissue and skin muscle (1994)

Ischemia-reperfusion injury was investigated in terms of functional capillary density (FCD), capillary red blood cell velocity (cRBCv), and arteriolar and venular diameter after 4-h ischemia in the unanesthetized hamster skin-fold preparation. Animals in group 1 were studied by transillumination. Group 2 received a bolus injection of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran (mol wt 150,000) and was studied by transillumination (zone 1) and epi-illumination (zone 2). In group 1, FCD decreased after ischemia (92% of baseline, 30 min), returning to control up to 24 h. cRBCv increased after reperfusion, being 175% of baseline at 24 h. Arterioles and venules dilated for 24 h after reperfusion. In group 2/zone 2, FCD progressively decreased to 11% of control, arteriolar dilation was inhibited, and cRBCv increased 30 min and 2 h after reperfusion. Tissue perfusion index (FCD x cRBCv) increased 158% in group 1 at 24 h, did not change in group 2/zone 1, and was 9% of control at 24 h in group 2/zone 2 (P < or = 0.05). We conclude that increased perfusion is a normal reaction to ischemia-reperfusion injury in this model, and previously observed capillary no reflow is due to FITC-dextran phototoxicity.
METHOTREXATE ACTION IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: STIMULATION OF CYTOKINE INHIBITOR AND INHIBITION OF CHEMOKINE PRODUCTION BY PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS (1995)

This open label study examines whether methotrexate (MTX) treatment modulates ex vivo synthesis of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), soluble tumour necrosis factor receptors (sTNFR p55 and p75), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and whether changes reflect clinical response. Significant stimulation of IL-1ra and sTNFR p75 as well as inhibition of IL-8 production of PBMC were associated with clinical improvement observed in patients treated with MTX. When defining the characteristics of patients at study entry retrospectively in responders and non-responders, a significantly lower ratio of IL-1ra:IL-1 beta production before and its increase upon treatment was associated with clinical response in 13 patients compared to five patients not responding to MTX. In addition, clinical improvement was associated with decreased synthesis of IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha and IL-8 induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta in PBMC in vitro. These findings suggest that MTX therapy reverses the inflammatory type of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) blood mononuclear cells by stimulating cytokine inhibitor production while inhibiting inflammatory cytokine release at the same time. This may explain the powerful anti-inflammatory properties of low-dose MTX as observed in most RA patients. Pretreatment determination of the IL-1ra:IL-1 beta ratio in PBMC may be predictive with regard to a favourable therapeutic response and therefore may be useful for the selection of RA patients to be treated with MTX.