gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protective Effects of Piceatannol against Beta‐Amyloid–Induced Neuronal Cell Death (2007)

Beta-amyloid (Abeta) is a main component of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD) that induces neuronal cell death. Since reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in Abeta-induced neurotoxicity, considerable attention has recently been focused on identifying naturally occurring antioxidative phenolic phytochemicals that are able to decrease ROS levels. Piceatannol (trans-3,4,3',5'-tetrahydroxystilbene), which has a structure homologous to resveratrol, is an anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative stilbene compound derived from plants. This article investigated the possible protective effects of piceatannol on Abeta-induced PC12 neuronal cell death, and found that piceatannol exerted much stronger protective effects than did resveratrol. Piceatannol treatment attenuated the intracellular accumulation of ROS induced by treatment of PC12 cells with Abeta, inhibited Abeta-induced apoptotic features including internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, nucleus condensation, cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and activation of caspase-3. These results suggest that piceatannol blocks Abeta-induced accumulation of ROS, thereby protecting PC12 cells from oxidative stress.
Thrombin-catalyzed activation of factor VIII with His substituted for Arg372 at the P1 site (2005)

Thrombin-catalyzed proteolysis at Arg372 of factor VIII is essential for procofactor activation. However, hemophilia A patients with the missense mutation Arg372 to His possess a mild to moderate phenotype yet show no detectable cleavage at this bond. To evaluate this discrepancy, we prepared and stably expressed a recombinant, B-domainless factor VIII mutant (R372H) that possessed approximately 1% the specific activity of wild type. Cleavage at R372H by thrombin occurred with an approximately 80-fold decreased rate compared with wild type. N-terminal sequence analysis of the derived A2 subunit confirmed that cleavage occurred at the His372-Ser373 bond. Factor VIII R372H was activated slowly, attained lower activity levels, and exhibited an apparent reduced inactivation rate compared with factor VIII wild type. These observations were attributed to a reduced cleavage rate at His372. Factor Xa generation assays showed similar Michaelis-Menten constant (K(m), apparent) values for thrombin-catalyzed activation for either factor VIII form, but suggested an approximately 70-fold reduced maximum velocity (V(max)) for factor VIII R372H. However, prolonged reaction with thrombin yielded similar activity and stability values for the mutant and wild-type factor VIIIa forms. These results indicate a markedly reduced rate of cleavage following substitution at the P(1)Arg, and this property likely reflects the severity of the hemophilia A phenotype.
Tumor mRNA-Transfected Dendritic Cells Stimulate the Generation of CTL That Recognize Neuroblastoma-Associated Antigens, Kill Tumor Cells: Immunotherapeutic Implications (2006)

Several observations suggest a potential role of T-cell-mediated immunity in the control of neuroblastoma (NB). However, the generation of NB-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) on T-cell priming with tumor mRNA-transfected dendritic cells (DC) has never been investigated before. In the present study, the feasibility of this strategy has been analyzed, both in healthy donors and in NB patients. Monocyte-derived DC were raised from three human leukocyte antigen (HLA) A2+ NB patients and seven HLA-A1+ or HLA-A2+ healthy donors transfected with mRNA from four NB cell lines and cocultured with autologous CD8+ lymphocytes. Expanded CTL expressed an effector/memory phenotype and a T cytotoxic 1-like profile of cytokine secretion. CTL specificity was demonstrated by interferon-gamma release on incubation with HLA-matched NB cell lines. The latter cell lines, but not autologous T-cell blasts, were lysed by CTL in an HLA-restricted manner. Cytotoxicity was found to involve the release of granzyme B. When tested for reactivity against NB-associated antigens, CTL from normal individuals recognized anaplastic lymphoma-associated kinase (ALK) and preferentially expressed antigen of melanoma (PRAME) peptides only, whereas patients' CTL reacted also to survivin, telomerase, and tyrosine hydroxylase peptides. This study demonstrates that DC transfected with NB mRNA induce the generation of patients' CTL specific for different NB-associated antigens, supporting the feasibility of NB T-cell immunotherapy.
Regulation of Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Fetal Pancreatic Islet Cells by Extracellular Matrix, Hepatocyte Growth Factor, and Cell-Cell Contact (1996)

Ex vivo expansion of human fetal pancreatic endocrine cells is important for biological studies and as a potential tissue source for transplantation in insulin-deficient states. In tissue culture experiments involving the use of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor and selected extracellular matrices, we obtained a 30-fold increase in cell number of human fetal pancreatic epithelial cells. This proliferation in monolayer culture was associated with marked downregulation of insulin and glucagon gene expression. However, gene expression increased when the cells were combined into three-dimensional aggregates, suggesting that cell-cell contact mediated mechanisms regulate the transcription of islet-specific genes, a process enhanced by nicotinamide (NIC). After transplantation into nude mice, either as cell suspensions or aggregates, only the cell aggregates treated with NIC developed into mature functional islet-like structures. These are the first experiments to describe the interactions of specific matrices and growth factors in the ex vivo expansion of human fetal pancreatic cells, and they also show the importance of cell aggregates in the context of cellular and molecular events that might positively influence islet cell transplantation.
Corticotropin-Releasing Activity of Monokines (1985)

Hepatocyte-stimulating factor and interleukin-1 are proteins produced by monocytes in response to inflammatory challenge. Neither of these monokines had direct effects on steroid production by cultured adrenocortical cells. Both monokines stimulated pituitary cells (AtT-20) to release adrenocorticotropic hormone; interleukin-1 was equipotent with a combination of corticotropin-releasing factor and arginine vasopressin, and hepatocyte-stimulating factor was at least three times as effective. The synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, inhibited production of hepatocyte-stimulating factor by cultured monocytes. These results indicate an axis between monocytes and pituitary and adrenocortical cells which may play a role in regulating host defense.
Triptolide is more effective in preventing T cell proliferation and interferon‐gamma production than is FK506 (1999)

The Chinese traditional herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F (TWHF) has been reported to be effective in the treatment of a variety of autoimmune disorders. The major active component of this herb is triptolide and most of the efficacy of this herb immunosuppression is attributed to triptolide. FK506 is also a potent immunosuppressive agent and is currently being used clinically. The present studies compare the effectiveness of triptolide and FK506 to suppress certain human T cell functions. Specifically human T cell proliferation, IL-2 and IFNγ were compared. The results show that, overall, triptolide is more effective at inhibiting T cell proliferation and IFNγ production than FK506 and the two compounds inhibit IL-2 production in an equivalent manner. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Galectin-9 Protein Is Up-regulated in Astrocytes by Tumor Necrosis Factor and Promotes Encephalitogenic T-cell Apoptosis (2013)

Demyelination and axonal damage in multiple sclerosis (MS) are thought to be a consequence of inflammatory processes that are perpetuated by activated glia and infiltrating leukocytes. Galectin-9 is a β-galactoside binding lectin capable of modulating immune responses and appears to be up-regulated in MS. However, its role in the pathogenesis of MS has yet to be determined. Here, we report that proinflammatory cytokines induce galectin-9 (Gal-9) expression in primary astrocytes and the mechanism by which TNF up-regulates Gal-9. Astrocytes did not express Gal-9 under basal conditions nor did IL-6, IL-10, or IL-13 trigger Gal-9 expression. In contrast, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and particularly TNF up-regulated Gal-9 in astrocytes. TNF-induced Gal-9 expression was dependent on TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) as TNF failed to induce Gal-9 in TNFR1(-/-) astrocytes. Blockade of the JNK MAP kinase pathway with the JNK inhibitor SP600125 abrogated TNF-induced Gal-9, whereas p38 and MEK inhibitors had minimal effects. Furthermore, specific knockdown of c-Jun via siRNA in astrocytes before TNF treatment greatly suppressed Gal-9 transcription, suggesting that TNF induces astroglial Gal-9 through the TNF/TNFR1/JNK/cJun signaling pathway. Finally, utilizing astrocytes from Lgals9 mutant (Gal-9(-/-)) mice as well as a myelin basic protein-specific Tim-3(+) encephalitogenic T-cell clone (LCN-8), we found that conditioned medium from TNF-stimulated Gal-9(+/+) but not Gal-9(-/-) astrocytes increased the percentage of apoptotic encephalitogenic T-cells. Together, our results suggest that Gal-9 is induced in astrocytes by TNF via the JNK/c-Jun pathway and that astrocyte-derived Gal-9 may function as an immunoregulatory protein in response to ongoing neuroinflammation.
Reuse of design objects in CAD frameworks (1994)

The reuse of well-tested and optimized design objects is an important aspect for decreasing design times, increasing design quality, and improving the predictability of designs. Reuse spans from the selecting cells from a library up to adapting already designed objects.In this paper, we present a new model for reusing design objects in CAD frameworks. Based on experiences in other disciplines, mainly in software engineering and case-based reasoning, we developed a feature-based model to describe design objects and their similarities. Our model considers generic modules as well as multi-functional units. We discuss the relationships of the model to design process and to the configuration hierarchy of complex design objects. We examined our model with the prototype system RODEO.
Innenrücktitelbild: The Effect of Water upon Deep Eutectic Solvent Nanostructure: An Unusual Transition from Ionic Mixture to Aqueous Solution (Angew. Chem. 33/2017) (2017)

Ist Hydratation der Grund für die Viskosität von stark eutektischen Lösungsmitteln (DES)? In ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 9914 beschreiben K. J. Edler et al. die Bestimmung der Nanostruktur von DES-Wasser-Mischungen über einen großen Hydratationsbereich durch Neutronenbeugung und atomistische Modellierung. Die Mischung behält bis zu hohen Wasserbeladungen die charakteristische DES-Struktur und geht dann in einen Zustand über, der am besten als einfach wässrige Lösung der molekularen DES-Komponenten beschrieben wird.
Detecting Patterns of Appliances from Total Load Data Using a Dynamic Programming Approach (2005)

Nonintrusive appliance load monitoring (NIALM) systems require sufficient accurate total load data to separate the load into its major appliances. The most available solutions separate the whole electric energy consumption based on the measurement of all three voltages and currents. Aside from the cost for special measuring devices, the intrusion into the local installation is the main problem for reaching a high market distribution. The use of standard digital electricity meters could avoid this problem but the loss of information of the measured data has to be compensated by more intelligent algorithms and implemented rules to disaggregate the total load trace of only the active power measurements. The paper presents a NIALM approach to analyse data, collected from a standard digital electricity meter. To disaggregate the consumption of the entire active power into its major electrical end uses, an algorithm consisting of clustering methods, a genetic algorithm and a dynamic programming approach is presented. The genetic algorithm is used to combine frequently occurring events to create hypothetical finite state machines to model detectable appliances. The time series of each finite state machine is optimized using a dynamic programming method similar to the viterbi algorithm.
A method for measuring the presampled MTF of digital radiographic systems using an edge test device (1998)

The modulation transfer function (MTF) of radiographic systems is frequently evaluated by measuring the system's line spread function (LSF) using narrow slits. The slit method requires precise fabrication and alignment of a slit and high radiation exposure. An alternative method for determining the MTF uses a sharp, attenuating edge device. We have constructed an edge device from a 250-microm-thick lead foil laminated between two thin slabs of acrylic. The device is placed near the detector and aligned with the aid of a laser beam and a holder such that a polished edge is parallel to the x-ray beam. A digital image of the edge is processed to obtain the presampled MTF. The image processing includes automated determination of the edge angle, reprojection, sub-binning, smoothing of the edge spread function (ESF), and spectral estimation. This edge method has been compared to the slit method using measurements on standard and high-resolution imaging plates of a digital storage phosphor (DSP) radiography system. The experimental results for both methods agree with a mean MTF difference of 0.008. The edge method provides a convenient measurement of the presampled MTF for digital radiographic systems with good response at low frequencies.
Transparent conductive Al-doped ZnO films for liquid crystal displays (2006)

Al-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al) films were applied to liquid crystal displays (LCDs) as transparent electrodes substituting indium tin oxide (ITO). While the ZnO:Al-based twisted nematic LCD cell showed similar operational behavior to ITO-based counterpart, its electro-optical (EO) and residual dc (r-dc) characteristics were somewhat improved. Capacitance-voltage relations suggested that these improved EO and r-dc characteristics of the ZnO:Al-based LCD cell are due to the substantially lower density of charge carrier trapping centers in the polyimide layer∕electrode interface region, demonstrating high application potential of ZnO:Al films as transparent electrodes of LCDs.
Involvement of APO2 ligand/TRAIL in activation-induced death of Jurkat and human peripheral blood T cells (1998)

The interaction of Fas with Fas ligand (FasL) mediates activation-induced cell death (AICD) of T hybridomas and of mature T lymphocytes. The TNF/TNF receptor system also plays a significant role in AICD of mature T cells and in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance. We previously demonstrated that in human Jurkat leukemia cells, AICD is triggered mainly by the rapid release of preformed FasL upon TCR stimulation. In the present work, we show that the cytotoxic cytokine APO2 ligand (APO2L; also known as TRAIL) is constitutively expressed as an intracytoplasmic protein in Jurkat T cells and derived sublines. APO2L is also detected in fresh human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from a significant number of donors, and the amount of both FasL and APO2L substantially increases upon blast generation. A neutralizing anti-APO2L monoclonal antibody (mAb) partially suppresses the cytotoxicity induced by supernatants of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-prestimulated Jurkat or human PBMC on non-activated Jurkat cells, indicating that APO2L is released by these cells and contributes to AICD. A combination of neutralizing anti-APO2L and anti-Fas mAb blocks around 60 % of the toxicity associated with supernatants from PHA-activated human PBMC. These results show that FasL and APO2L account for the majority of cytotoxic activity released during AICD, and suggest that additional uncharacterized factors may also contribute to this process.
In vitro comparative study of three pancreatic enzyme preparations: dissolution profiles, active enzyme release and acid stability (2007)

These findings suggest that pH-sensitive enteric-coated pancreatin products containing similar amounts of enzymes might not be bioequivalent depending on the pH of duodenal contents.
Sugarbeet leaf spot disease ( Cercospora beticola Sacc.)† (2004)

Fungicides in the benzimidazole and triazole class as well as organotin derivatives and strobilurins have successfully been used to control Cercospora leaf spot. Elevated levels of tolerance in populations of C. beticola to some of the chemicals registered for control has been documented. Partial genetic resistance also is used to reduce leaf spot disease.
The digital laser (2013)

It is well-known how to control the spatial output from a laser, with most solutions to date involving customised intra-cavity elements in the form of apertures, diffractive optics and free-form mirrors. These optical elements require considerable design and fabrication effort and suffer from the further disadvantage of being immutably connected to the selection of a particular spatial mode. Consequently, most laser systems are designed for the ubiquitous Gaussian mode, whereas it is clear that there are many instances when a customised mode would be preferable. We overcome these limitations with the first digital laser, comprising an electrically addressed reflective phase-only spatial light modulator as an intra-cavity holographic mirror. The phase and amplitude of the holographic mirror may be controlled as simply as writing a new gray-scale image (computer generated hologram) to the device: on-demand laser modes. We show that we can digitally control the laser modes with ease, albeit with higher round-trip losses and thus requiring higher gain, and demonstrate the versatility of the technique by switching between several spatial modes in an otherwise standard solid-state laser resonator.
Take Off of Small Leidenfrost Droplets (2012)

We put in evidence the unexpected behavior of Leidenfrost droplets at the later stage of their evaporation. We predict and observe that, below a critical size Rl, the droplets spontaneously take off due to the breakdown of the lubrication regime. We establish the theoretical relation between the droplet radius and its elevation. We predict that the vapor layer thickness increases when the droplets become smaller. A satisfactory agreement is found between the model and the experimental results performed on droplets of water and of ethanol.
In Vivo Studies on the Binding of Heparin and Its Fractions with Platelet Factor 4 (1985)

PF4 has a half-life in plasma of less than 3 minutes, and its rapid clearance appears to be a function of binding to the vascular endothelium. Once bound to the endothelium, PF4 can be released by heparin in a time-dependent manner; recovery is greater the sooner heparin is administered following PF4 infusion. This heparin-induced release of PF4 can be abolished if the heparin is first complexed with hexadimethrine bromide. Likewise, this heparin-induced release of PF4 is dependent upon the type of heparin used; low molecular weight heparin fractions and fragments do not cause the PF4 rebound seen with intact heparin. Thus, it would appear that low molecular weight forms of heparin are advantageous in that their in vivo administration would not be mediated by such platelet modulators as PF4.
Ontology-Based Meta-Analysis of Global Collections of High-Throughput Public Data (2010)

Our work presents a practical strategy for organizing, mining, and correlating global collections of large-scale genomic data to explore normal and disease biology. Using a hypothesis-free approach, we demonstrate how a data-driven analysis across very large collections of genomic data can reveal novel discoveries and evidence to support existing hypothesis.
Small‐Molecule Inhibitors of PDK1 (2008)

Signal transduction of many growth factors and oncogenes is mediated by 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1), a master regulator of a number of downstream signal protein kinase cascades. Hence, PDK1 represents a convergence point for receptor tyrosine kinase and cytokine-mediated pathways for the regulation of vital cell processes such as cell survival and proliferation. Pathological upregulation of PDK1 signalling due to constitutive growth factor receptor activation and/or PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue) mutations significantly triggers downstream signalling, e.g. PKB/Akt, which subsequently promote proliferative events such as tumour invasiveness, angiogenesis, and progression. Consistent with this, a mouse model expressing low levels of PDK1 is protected from tumourigenesis resulting from loss of PTEN. Because more than 50 % of all human cancers possess significant overstimulation of the PDK1 signalling pathway, inhibition of this protein kinase by small molecules is predicted to result in effective inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and thus be therapeutically beneficial. Various classes of small-molecule PDK1 inhibitors have been published in patents and papers. Herein we present for the first time a comprehensive collection of small molecules reported to interact with PDK1, and we refer to their biological characterisation in terms of activity and selectivity for PDK1.
A market protocol for decentralized task allocation (2002)

We present a decentralized market protocol for allocating tasks among agents that contend for scarce resources. Agents trade tasks and resources at prices determined by an auction protocol. We specify a simple set of bidding policies that, along with the auction mechanism, exhibits desirable convergence properties. The system always reaches quiescence. If the system reaches quiescence below the consumer's reserve price for the high level task, it will be in a solution state. If the system finds a solution it will reach quiescence in a solution state. Experimental evidence supports our conjecture that the system will converge to a solution when one exists and the consumer bids sufficiently high. We describe the system's application to and implementation in an agent-based digital library.
PITFALLS IN THE MEASURMENT OF VENTRICULAR FUNCTION IN SHOCK (1995)

University of South Carolina School of Medicine Department of Physiology Columbia, South Carolina 29208 USA