gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fibrin mechanisms and functions in nervous system pathology. (2004)

In brain physiology, cerebrovascular interactions regulate both, vascular functions, such as blood vessel branching and endothelial cell homeostasis, as well as neuronal functions, such as local synaptic activity and adult neurogenesis. In brain pathology, including stroke, HIV encephalitis, Alzheimer Disease, multiple sclerosis, bacterial meningitis, and glioblastomas, rupture of the vasculature allows the entry of blood proteins into the brain with subsequent edema formation and neuronal damage. Fibrin is a blood-derived protein that is not produced by cells of the nervous system, but accumulates only after disease associated with vasculature rupture. This review presents evidence from human disease and animal models that highlight the role of fibrin in nervous system pathology. Our review presents novel experimental data that extend the role of fibrin, from that of a blood-clotting protein in cerebrovascular pathologies, to a component of the perivascular extracellular matrix that regulates inflammatory and regenerative cellular responses in neurodegenerative diseases.
Blocking Characteristics of hERG, hNav1.5, and hKvLQT1/hminK after Administration of the Novel Anti‐Arrhythmic Compound AZD7009 (2005)

AZD7009 inhibits both the hERG and the hNav1.5 current, and it is most likely this combined current block that underlies the prolongation of the refractoriness and the low proarrhythmic activity demonstrated in animals in vivo.
Correlations of Permeability and Grain Size (1989)

ABSTRACT Previous theoretical and empirical investigations of the relation between particle size and intergranular permeability have resulted in the well‐known formula for intrinsic permeability (k) image where d is particle diameter, and c is a dimensionless constant. Statistical power regression analyses were per‐ formed on 19 sets of published data on size and laboratory permeability of unconsolidated sediments. The exponent of grain diameter ranged from 1.11 to 2.05, but most values were significantly less than 2.0. Results indicate that the permeability/grain size relation alternatively may be expressed, from an empirical basis, as image Values of c and the exponent both generally decrease with decreased textural maturity and increased induration.
ChemInform Abstract: Factors Affecting Al ‐ C Bond Reactivity of Tetradentate Schiff‐Base Organoaluminum Complexes. (1986)

Abstract The reaction of Al 2 Et 6 with some tetradentate Schiff bases in C 6 H 6 /MeCN solution yields ethane and the monoethylaluminum complexes (I) or (II), respectively (no yields given).
Multifaceted Roles for IGFBP‐1 in Human Endometrium during Implantation and Pregnancy (1997)

IGFBP-1 is a major protein product of nonpregnant endometrium during the mid-late secretory phase and occurs in abundance in decidua. Its roles as an IGF-binding protein and as a trophoblast integrin ligand suggest that it may have multiple roles in endometrial development and in interactions between the decidua and the invading trophoblast. IGFBP-1 in vaginal/cervical secretions has already had clinical application as a predictor of premature rupture of fetal membranes. The future awaits elucidation of the potential utility of IGFBP-1 in serum and in decidua in predicting fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia and perhaps implantation failure.
Modulation of acute inflammation and keratocyte death by suturing, blood, and amniotic membrane in PRK. (2000)

Transepithelial PRK causes oxygen radical-mediated lipid peroxidation on the superficial stroma and may contribute to superficial keratocyte death even in the absence of inflammation. Mechanical scraping leads to apoptosis without the participation of inflammation. Keratocyte death by necrosis spreads to the deeper part of the stroma and correlates with additional acute inflammation. Amniotic membrane precludes PMN infiltration and decreases lipid peroxidation and keratocyte death. Future studies are needed to discern whether prevention of inflammation-mediated keratocyte necrosis can reduce unwanted scarring caused by PRK.
TERATOGENIC EFFECTS OF THALIDOMIDE AND ITS METABOLITES ON THE DEVELOPING CHICK EMBRYO (1964)

The teratogenicity of α-N-phthalimidoglutarimide (thalidomide) and related substances was studied in the developing chick embryo. Whereas doses of thalidomide up to 10 mg had little or no effect on the 4-day-old embryo, 0.5 mg injected into the yolk sac just prior to incubation produced micromelia and edema, which were rarely seen in the controls. Other abnormalities observed were rumplessness, cerebral hernia, and defects of the eyes and beak, which were also present, but to a lesser extent, in the controls.Metabolites of thalidomide which are found in the urine of rabbits after oral administration of this drug were also investigated. α-N-Phthaloylglutamine and α-N-phthaloylglutamic acid had little effect, suggesting that hydrolytic cleavage of the glutarimide ring of thalidomide results in decreased teratogenicity. However, increased teratogenicity was shown by hydroxylated derivatives of these compounds and of thalidomide in which the hydroxyl group was located in the 3- or 4-position of the phthalimido group, the 4-hydroxylated derivatives being the more effective.It was found that 4.0 mg of L-glutamine, injected simultaneously with 2.0 mg of α-N-(4-hydroxyphthaloyl)-glutamine, gave complete protection against micromelia and edema and reduced the incidence of other abnormalities almost to the control level. No protection was given by L-glutamic acid, pyridoxal hydrochloride, pteroyl-L-glutamic acid, citrovorum factor, nicotinamide, or quinolinic acid. These results suggest that α-N-(4-hydroxyphthaloyl)-glutamine and probably its congeners may interfere with the metabolism of glutamine.
Regulation of complement and modulation of its activity in monoclonal antibody therapy of cancer (2014)

The complement system is a powerful tool of the innate immune system to eradicate pathogens. Both in vitro and in vivo evidence indicates that therapeutic anti-tumor monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can activate the complement system by the classical pathway. However, the contribution of complement to the efficacy of mAbs is still debated, mainly due to the lack of convincing data in patients. A beneficial role for complement during mAb therapy is supported by the fact that cancer cells often upregulate complement-regulatory proteins (CRPs). Polymorphisms in various CRPs were previously associated with complement-mediated disorders. In this review the role of complement in anti-tumor mAb therapy will be discussed with special emphasis on strategies aiming at modifying complement activity. In the future, clinical efficacy of mAbs with enhanced effector functions together with comprehensive analysis of polymorphisms in CRPs in mAb-treated patients will further clarify the role of complement in mAb therapy.
Support Vector Machines: Training and Applications (1997)

The Support Vector Machine (SVM) is a new and very promising classification technique developed by Vapnik and his group at AT&amp;amp;T Bell Laboratories [3, 6, 8, 24]. This new learning algorithm can be seen as an alternative training technique for Polynomial, Radial Basis Function and Multi-Layer Perceptron classifiers. The main idea behind the technique is to separate the classes with a surface that maximizes the margin between them. An interesting property of this approach is that it is an approximate implementation of the Structural Risk Minimization (SRM) induction principle [23]. The derivation of Support Vector Machines, its relationship with SRM, and its geometrical insight, are discussed in this paper. Since Structural Risk Minimization is an inductive principle that aims at minimizing a bound on the generalization error of a model, rather than minimizing the Mean Square Error over the data set (as Empirical Risk Minimization methods do), training a SVM to obtain the maximum margin classi er requires a different objective function. This objective function is then optimized by solving a large-scale quadratic programming problem with linear and box constraints. The problem is considered challenging, because the quadratic form is completely dense, so the memory
Nanobodies and Their Potential Applications (2013)

Nanobodies are recombinant, antigen-specific, single-domain, variable fragments of camelid heavy chain-only antibodies. The innate supremacy of nanobodies as a renewable source of affinity reagents, together with their high production yield in a broad variety of expression systems, minimal size, great stability, reversible refolding and outstanding solubility in aqueous solutions, and ability to specifically recognize unique epitopes with subnanomolar affinity, have combined to make them a useful class of biomolecules for research and various medical diagnostic and therapeutic applications. This article speculates on a number of technological innovations that might be introduced in the nanobody identification platform to streamline the generation of more potent nanobodies and to expand their application range.
Co‐oligopeptides of aromatic amino acids and glycine with variable distance between the aromatic residues. VII. Enzymatic synthesis of N‐protected peptide amides (1977)

Abstract Several N‐protected peptide amides, containing two aromatic residues spaced by one glycyl residue, have been enzymatically synthesized starting from P‐Ar‐OH and H‐Gly‐Ar‐NH 2 (P is the protecting group and Ar is the aromatic residue) and using α‐chymotrypsin as the catalyst for the coupling step. Reactions have been carried out in water solution, at room temperature, and afford yields ranging between 20 and 75% ca. This coupling reaction occurs in a much more restricted set of conditions than the hydrolysis reaction, e.g., only within a small pH range (ca. 6.5–7.5) and with particular buffering agents. The advantages and limitations of this type of reaction, compared with conventional coupling procedures, are discussed.
Cancer Nanomedicine: From Drug Delivery to Imaging (2013)

Nanotechnology-based chemotherapeutics and imaging agents represent a new era of "cancer nanomedicine" working to deliver versatile payloads with favorable pharmacokinetics and capitalize on molecular and cellular targeting for enhanced specificity, efficacy, and safety. Despite the versatility of many nanomedicine-based platforms, translating new drug or imaging agents to the clinic is costly and often hampered by regulatory hurdles. Therefore, translating cancer nanomedicine may largely be application-defined, where materials are adapted only toward specific indications where their properties confer unique advantages. This strategy may also realize therapies that can optimize clinical impact through combinatorial nanomedicine. In this review, we discuss how particular materials lend themselves to specific applications, the progress to date in clinical translation of nanomedicine, and promising approaches that may catalyze clinical acceptance of nano.
Space-division multiplexing optical coherence tomography (2013)

High speed, high resolution and high sensitivity are desirable for optical coherence tomography (OCT). Here, we demonstrate a space-division multiplexing (SDM) technology that translates long coherence length of a commercially available wavelength tunable laser into high OCT imaging speed. We achieved an effective 800,000 A-scans/s imaging speed using a 100,000 Hz tunable vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). A sensitivity of 94.6 dB and a roll-off of < 2 dB over ~30 mm imaging depth were measured from a single channel in the prototype SDM-OCT system. An axial resolution of ~11 μm in air (or ~8.3 μm in tissue) was achieved throughout the entire depth range. An in vivo, 3D SDM-OCT volume of an entire Drosophila larva consisting of 400 x 605 A-scans was acquired in 0.37 seconds. Synchronized cross-sectional OCT imaging of three different segments of a beating Drosophila larva heart is demonstrated. The SDM technology provides a new orthogonal dimension for further speed improvement for OCT with favorable cost scaling. SDM-OCT also preserves image resolution and allows synchronized cross-sectional and three-dimensional (3D) imaging of biological samples, enabling new biomedical applications.
Immune response to outer membrane antigens of Moraxella catarrhalis in children with otitis media (1992)

The systemic and local antibody responses to homologous strains of Moraxella catarrhalis were investigated in 14 children with otitis media. A total of 8 children (57%) demonstrated a rise in serum antibody of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) (5 of 14), IgM (5 of 14), or IgA (6 of 14) classes of immunoglobulin to outer membrane antigens. Local antibody consisted of IgG (100%), IgM (29%), and IgA (71%). The IgG and IgA specific antibody present in middle-ear effusions appeared to represent local production rather than passive diffusion from the systemic circulation. These data suggest that young children develop an antibody response to M. catarrhalis in the middle ear during otitis media but fail to develop systemic antibody in a uniform manner.
Highly Enantioselective Catalytic Benzoyloxylation of 3‐Aryloxindoles Using Chiral VAPOL Calcium Phosphate (2010)

Keeping straight: The highly enantioselective title reaction provides novel and straightforward access to 3-hydroxy-2-oxindole derivatives (see scheme). This transformation signifies the first example of a chiral phosphate calcium salt activating a benzoyl peroxide.
Learning Efficient Convolutional Networks through Network Slimming (2017)

The deployment of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in many real world applications is largely hindered by their high computational cost. In this paper, we propose a novel learning scheme for CNNs to simultaneously 1) reduce the model size; 2) decrease the run-time memory footprint; and 3) lower the number of computing operations, without compromising accuracy. This is achieved by enforcing channel-level sparsity in the network in a simple but effective way. Different from many existing approaches, the proposed method directly applies to modern CNN architectures, introduces minimum overhead to the training process, and requires no special software/hardware accelerators for the resulting models. We call our approach network slimming, which takes wide and large networks as input models, but during training insignificant channels are automatically identified and pruned afterwards, yielding thin and compact models with comparable accuracy. We empirically demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach with several state-of-the-art CNN models, including VGGNet, ResNet and DenseNet, on various image classification datasets. For VGGNet, a multi-pass version of network slimming gives a 20x reduction in model size and a 5x reduction in computing operations.
Unimolekulare Micellen (1991)

Ein lipophiles Inneres und eine hydrophile Oberfläche charakterisieren Ammonium‐[8 2 · 3]‐micellanoate, bei denen es sich um Kaskadenpolymere handelt, die nur sp 3 ‐C‐Atome und CH 2 ‐Gruppen im Innern enthalten und CO ‐Gruppen an der Oberfläche. Die Micelleneigenschaften wurden durch Absorptions‐ und Fluoreszenzspektroskopie sowie durch Elektronen‐ und optische Fluoreszenzmikroskopie untersucht. Das Bild rechts zeigt eine „36‐Carbonsäure”︁ in gestreckter Konformation. magnified image
A new battery model for use with battery energy storage systems and electric vehicles power systems (2002)

This paper initially presents a review of the several battery models used for electric vehicles and battery energy storage system applications. A model is discussed which takes into account the nonlinear characteristics of the battery with respect to the battery's state of charge. Comparisons between simulation and laboratory measurements are presented. The effects of high frequency switching on the battery performance are also discussed. A strategy to reduce the high frequency charging and discharging current is proposed.
Late‐Stage Formation of Carbon–Fluorine Bonds (2014)

In this account, we review work from our lab on the development of methods for carbon-fluorine bond formation, with an emphasis on late-stage fluorination of functionalized small molecules and synthesis of (18) F-labeled molecules for potential use as tracers in positron emission tomography (PET). We attempt to highlight reactions that we feel are of particular practical relevance, as well as areas of research where there is still significant room for advancement.
Modification of Semiconductor Device Characteristics by Lasers (1982)

The paper discusses an emerging area of laser-semiconductor processing: the effect of laser irradiation on the electrical parameters of diffused-junction devices. Shallow diffusions of 0.2- to 0.5-µm depths have been achieved. Transistor current gains have been modified and the results agree with the theoretical analysis.
Transcranial direct current stimulation facilitates cognitive multi-task performance differentially depending on anode location and subtask (2014)

There is a need to facilitate acquisition of real world cognitive multi-tasks that require long periods of training (e.g., air traffic control, intelligence analysis, medicine). Non-invasive brain stimulation-specifically transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)-has promise as a method to speed multi-task training. We hypothesized that during acquisition of the complex multi-task Space Fortress, subtasks that require focused attention on ship control would benefit from tDCS aimed at the dorsal attention network while subtasks that require redirection of attention would benefit from tDCS aimed at the right hemisphere ventral attention network. We compared effects of 30 min prefrontal and parietal stimulation to right and left hemispheres on subtask performance during the first 45 min of training. The strongest effects both overall and for ship flying (control and velocity subtasks) were seen with a right parietal (C4, reference to left shoulder) montage, shown by modeling to induce an electric field that includes nodes in both dorsal and ventral attention networks. This is consistent with the re-orienting hypothesis that the ventral attention network is activated along with the dorsal attention network if a new, task-relevant event occurs while visuospatial attention is focused (Corbetta et al., 2008). No effects were seen with anodes over sites that stimulated only dorsal (C3) or only ventral (F10) attention networks. The speed subtask (update memory for symbols) benefited from an F9 anode over left prefrontal cortex. These results argue for development of tDCS as a training aid in real world settings where multi-tasking is critical.
Preparation of Encoded Combinatorial Libraries for Drug Discovery (2003)

The revolution in genomics and proteomics is projected to expand the number of potential therapeutic targets to between 5,000 and 10,000 from the approximately 500 targets that have historically been used by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of drugs (,). The research and development of a safe and effective drug is a slow and expensive process, which is currently estimated to take an average of 12 years and to have a risk adjusted cost of $500 million per drug (). The pharmaceutical industry is under intense pressure to bring novel drugs to market quickly and cost-effectively. Combinatorial chemistry has emerged during the past decade as a powerful tool to help accelerate the drug discovery process (, , , ). Combinatorial chemistry refers to methods for the high-throughput synthesis of a significant number (102 to >106) of compounds (). Among the various methods developed (, , , , , , , , , , , ), the solidphase split-pool synthesis (, , ) is perhaps the most efficient approach for the rapid synthesis of a large number of compounds. In this approach, a library that usually contains >10,000 members can be constructed very rapidly from a small number of chemical building blocks. Figure 1 illustrates the split-pool synthesis with a two step reaction A + B that uses three building blocks in step 1 (A1, A2, A3) and three building blocks in step 2 (B1, B2, B3). Nine products can be generated using only six reactions. Open image in new window Fig. 1. The split-pool synthesis method.
Vous avez dit cyberculture ? (2012)

Résumé L’environnement qui est le nôtre en matière de technologies de l’information et de la communication soulève de nouvelles questions chez les parents et les professionnels de l’enfance et de l’adolescence. Une fracture générationnelle en découle, pour quelques années encore, générant craintes et fascination chez nombre d’adultes. Comment les comprendre ? Comment les dépasser ? Quel rôle nouveau revient aux adultes dans l’univers cyberculturel ? Telles sont quelques-unes des questions qui sont abordées dans cet article.
Influence of BMPs on the Formation of Osteoblastic Lesions in Metastatic Prostate Cancer (2005)

BMPs are critical in the formation of the osteoblastic lesions associated with prostate cancer metastases, and future treatment strategies that inhibit local BMP activity may reduce the formation and progression of osteoblastic lesions.
A General Method for Copper-Catalyzed Arylation of Arene C−H Bonds (2008)

A general method for copper-catalyzed arylation of sp (2) C-H bonds with p K a's below 35 has been developed. The method employs aryl halide as the coupling partner, lithium alkoxide or K 3PO 4 base, and DMF, DMPU, or mixed DMF/xylenes solvent. A variety of electron-rich and electron-poor heterocycles such as azoles, caffeine, thiophenes, benzofuran, pyridine oxides, pyridazine, and pyrimidine can be arylated. Furthermore, electron-poor arenes possessing at least two electron-withdrawing groups on a benzene ring can also be arylated. Two arylcopper-phenanthroline complex intermediates were independently synthesized.
Immune Checkpoint Function of CD85j in CD8 T Cell Differentiation and Aging (2017)

Aging is associated with an increased susceptibility to infection and a failure to control latent viruses thought to be driven, at least in part, by alterations in CD8 T cell function. The aging T cell repertoire is characterized by an accumulation of effector CD8 T cells, many of which express the negative regulatory receptor CD85j. To define the biological significance of CD85j expression on CD8 T cells and to address the question whether presence of CD85j in older individuals is beneficial or detrimental for immune function, we examined the specific attributes of CD8 T cells expressing CD85j as well as the functional role of CD85j in antigen-specific CD8 T cell responses during immune aging. Here, we show that CD85j is mainly expressed by terminally differentiated effector (TEMRAs) CD8 T cells, which increase with age, in cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and in males. CD85j<sup>+</sup> CMV-specific cells demonstrate clonal expansion. However, TCR diversity is similar between CD85j<sup>+</sup> and CD85j<sup>-</sup> compartments, suggesting that CD85j does not directly impact the repertoire of antigen-specific cells. Further phenotypic and functional analyses revealed that CD85j identifies a specific subset of CMV-responsive CD8 T cells that coexpress a marker of senescence (CD57) but retain polyfunctional cytokine production and expression of cytotoxic mediators. Blocking CD85j binding enhanced proliferation of CMV-specific CD8 T cells upon antigen stimulation but did not alter polyfunctional cytokine production. Taken together, these data demonstrate that CD85j characterizes a population of "senescent," but not exhausted antigen-specific effector CD8 T cells and indicates that CD85j is an important checkpoint regulator controlling expansion of virus-specific T cells during aging. Inhibition of CD85j activity may be a mechanism to promote stronger CD8 T cell effector responses during immune aging.