gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies in the Indole Series. VIII. Yohimbine (Part 1). The Mechanism of Dehydrogenation of Yohimbine and Related Compounds1 (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies in the Indole Series. VIII. Yohimbine (Part 1). The Mechanism of Dehydrogenation of Yohimbine and Related Compounds1Percy L. Julian, Arthur Magnani, Josef Pikl, and William J. KarpelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 1, 174–179Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01181a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01181a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views167Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Porphyrins with exocyclic rings. Part 4. An improved one step synthesis of cyclopenta[b]pyrroles (1993)

Abstract Cyclopentanone condensed with phenylhydrazones 5 , or oximes 6 , in the presence of zinc dust, sodium propionate and propionic acid at 150° to give cyclopenta[ b ]pyrroles 7 in good yields. This chemistry was extended to the synthesis of pyrrolic products from 1‐indanone, 2‐indanone and 2‐methylcyclopentanone. Benzyl 3‐methylcyclopenta[ b ]pyrrole‐2‐carboxylate was found to react regioselectively with lead tetraacetate to give the corresponding 6‐acetoxy derivative and subsequent acid‐catalyzed condensations with 5‐unsubsti‐tuted pyrrole‐2‐carboxylates afforded a series of synthetically valuable dipyrroles 18a‐c.
The role of Na-hylan in reducing postsurgical tendon adhesions. (1986)

Na-hylan, a chemically modified sodium hyaluronate jelly, was studied mechanically and histologically as a surgical device to diminish tendon adhesion in the rabbit long toe extensor three weeks after surgical abrasion. This device was found to be highly effective (55% of treated tendons formed no adhesions compared to 5% of controls, and only 18% formed severe adhesions compared to 62% of controls). No gross or histologic evidence of significant acute or chronic inflammatory reaction to the Na-hylan was found.
The role of B7 family molecules in hematologic malignancy (2012)

The B7 family consists of structurally related, cell-surface proteins that regulate immune responses by delivering costimulatory or coinhibitory signals through their ligands. Eight family members have been identified to date including CD80 (B7-1), CD86 (B7-2), CD274 (programmed cell death-1 ligand [PD-L1]), CD273 (programmed cell death-2 ligand [PD-L2]), CD275 (inducible costimulator ligand [ICOS-L]), CD276 (B7-H3), B7-H4, and B7-H6. B7 ligands are expressed on both lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues. The importance of the B7 family in regulating immune responses is clear from their demonstrated role in the development of immunodeficiency and autoimmune diseases. Manipulation of the signals delivered by B7 ligands shows great potential in the treatment of cancers including leukemias and lymphomas and in regulating allogeneic T-cell responses after stem cell transplantation.
PMA- and ANG II-induced PKC regulation of the renal Na+-HCO3−cotransporter (hkNBCe1) (2005)

The renal electrogenic Na(+)-HCO3- cotransporter (hkNBCe1) plays a major role in the bicarbonate reabsorption by the kidney. We examined how PMA- and ANG II-activated PKCs regulate hkNBCe1 expressed with or without the ANG II receptors AT(1B) in Xenopus laevis oocytes. We found that 10 nM PMA halved the hkNBCe1 current detected in voltage-clamped oocytes. A PKC-specific inhibitor GF-109203X, and a specific inhibitor of Ca-dependent conventional PKCalphabetagamma, GO-6976, significantly reduced PMA inhibition. PMA did not alter surface expression of the cotransporters, but it significantly increased hkNBCe1-PKCalphabetagamma membrane association. We found that at 10(-6) M, ANG II halved the hkNBCe1 current detected in oocytes coexpressing cotransporters with AT(1B). A PKC-specific inhibitor GF-109203X, and a PKCepsilon translocation inhibitor epsilonV1-2 peptide as well as BAPTA-AM (but not GO-6976), significantly reduced ANG II inhibition. At 10(-6) M, ANG II significantly decreased surface expression of the cotransporters and increased hkNBCe1-PKCepsilon membrane association. Additionally, we found that at 10(-11) and 10(-10) M ANG II stimulated hkNBCe1 current. This effect was blocked by BAPTA-AM and partially reduced by GF-109203X. We also found that ANG II increased intracellular Ca2+ in fluo 4-loaded oocytes. Our results suggest that 1) PMA inhibition of hkNBCe1 is mediated by Ca-dependent PKCalphabetagamma and 10 nM PMA does not induce downregulation of cotransporter surface expression. 2) ANG II (10(-6) M) inhibition of hkNBCe1 is mediated by both Ca-independent PKCepsilon and downregulation of cotransporter surface expression, possibly triggered by intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. 3) Similar to proximal tubule, acute ANG II has a biphasic effect on hkNBCe1 coexpressed with AT(1B) in X. laevis oocytes.
A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial Assessing Pramlintide Treatment in the Setting of Intensive Insulin Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes (2006)

Pramlintide dose escalation with reduced mealtime insulin was effective during therapy initiation in patients with type 1 diabetes. While both groups experienced equivalent A1C reductions relative to placebo, pramlintide-treated patients experienced reductions in postprandial glucose excursions and weight, not achievable with insulin therapy alone.
Subcellular localization of IgG from the sera of ALS patients in the nervous system (2005)

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) samples isolated from the sera of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and control patients were injected intraperitoneally into mice. After 24 h the mice were processed for immune electron microscopic immunohistochemistry to localize IgG in their nervous system. The injected ALS IgG was observed in the axon terminals of the lower motor neurons (MNs), localized to the microtubules and enriched in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). In post-mortem spinal cord samples from ALS patients, IgG was similarly detected in the vicinity of the microtubules and in the RER of the MNs. IgG was neither found in the corresponding structures of MNs of mice injected with the control human IgG nor in post-mortem human control spinal cord samples. The data suggest that multiple antibodies directing to different structures of the MNs may play a role in their degeneration in ALS.
Laser Beat Accelerator (1981)

Parallel intense photon (laser, microwave, etc.) beams &#x003C9;<sub>0</sub>,k<sub>0</sub> and &#x003C9;<sub>1</sub>,k<sub>1</sub> shone on a plasma with frequency separation equal to the plasma frequency &#x003C9;<sub>p</sub> is capable of accelerating plasma electrons to high energies in large flux. The photon beat excites through the forward Raman scattering large amplitude plasmons whose phase velocity is equal to (&#x003C9;<sub0</sub>-&#x003C9;<sub>1</sub>)/(k<sub>0</sub>-k<sub>1</sub>), close to c in an underdense plasma. The plasmon electrostatic fields trap electrons and carry them to high energies: Maximum electron energy <sup>max</sup> = 2mc<sup>2</sup>[1-(&#x003C9;<sub>0</sub>-&#x003C9;<sub>1</sub>)<sup>2</sup>/c<sup>2</sup>(k<sub>0</sub>-k<sub>1</sub>)<sup>2</sup>]<sup>-1</sup>~2mc<sup>2</sup>(&#x003C9;<sub>0</sub>/&#x003C9;<sub>p</sub>)<sup>2</sup>. The multiple forward Raman instability produces smaller and smaller frequency and group velocity of photons; thus the photons slow down in the plasma by emitting accelerated electrons (inverse Cherenkov process).
Characterization of integrin ?6 and thrombospondin-1 double-null mice (2005)

To identify overlapping and non-overlapping functions for TSP-1 and alphavbeta6, we crossed TSP-1-null and beta6-null mice and compared the phenotype of the double-null mice with those of wild-type and single-null mice. The double-null mice exhibited focal acute and organizing pneumonia that was more severe than the wild-type and single-null mice as well as a significantly higher incidence of inflammation in tissues other than the lung. The TSP-1-null and beta6-null mice exhibited a five to eight-fold increase in granulocyte recruitment to the lung three days after exposure to lipopolysaccharide. They also had abnormalities that were infrequently observed in the wild-type and single-null mice, including heart degeneration (8.35% in wild-type and 28.1% in double-null mice), hyperplasia of the glandular of the stomach (2.8% in wild-type and 21.1% in double-null mice) and endometrial hyperplasia (0% in wild-type and 38.5% in double-null females). Furthermore, the beta6-null and double-null mice displayed a significant elevation in benign and malignant cancers. Stomach papillomas, squamous cell carcinomas of the ear and stomach, and adenocarcinomas of the lungs, vagina/cervix and colon were observed with the highest frequency. These data demonstrate that TSP-1 and alphavbeta6 are involved in regulation of the immune system and epithelial homeostasis. They also indicate that alphavbeta6 functions as a tumor suppressor gene and that activation of TGFbeta by TSP-1 and alphavbeta6 contributes to normal tissue architecture and function.
Disruption of SIRPα signaling in macrophages eliminates human acute myeloid leukemia stem cells in xenografts (2012)

Although tumor surveillance by T and B lymphocytes is well studied, the role of innate immune cells, in particular macrophages, is less clear. Moreover, the existence of subclonal genetic and functional diversity in some human cancers such as leukemia underscores the importance of defining tumor surveillance mechanisms that effectively target the disease-sustaining cancer stem cells in addition to bulk cells. In this study, we report that leukemia stem cell function in xenotransplant models of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) depends on SIRPα-mediated inhibition of macrophages through engagement with its ligand CD47. We generated mice expressing SIRPα variants with differential ability to bind human CD47 and demonstrated that macrophage-mediated phagocytosis and clearance of AML stem cells depend on absent SIRPα signaling. We obtained independent confirmation of the genetic restriction observed in our mouse models by using SIRPα-Fc fusion protein to disrupt SIRPα-CD47 engagement. Treatment with SIRPα-Fc enhanced phagocytosis of AML cells by both mouse and human macrophages and impaired leukemic engraftment in mice. Importantly, SIRPα-Fc treatment did not significantly enhance phagocytosis of normal hematopoietic targets. These findings support the development of therapeutics that antagonize SIRPα signaling to enhance macrophage-mediated elimination of AML.
Pharmacology and Safety of Glycerol Phenylbutyrate in Healthy Adults and Adults With Cirrhosis (2010)

GPB exhibits delayed release characteristics, presumably reflecting gradual PBA release by pancreatic lipases, and is well tolerated in adults with cirrhosis, suggesting that further clinical testing for HE is warranted.
Fast Crowd Density Estimation in Surveillance Videos without Training (2012)

Crowd analytics is becoming a highly desirable feature of Intelligent Video Surveillance (IVS) applications. In this paper we propose a new, practical approach that adds very little computational and configuration overhead to an IVS system. The approach extends a standard IVS system, using available video content analysis data and camera calibration information to provide accurate human count estimation in crowded scenarios. The algorithm is viewpoint independent and requires no training for different camera views. The primary output of the algorithm is a real-time crowd density measurement at each image location. This can be further used to detect various crowd related events. Extensive experiments show that the approach is robust and it has been integrated into a commercially available IVS system.
Imaging technologies for preclinical models of bone and joint disorders (2011)

Preclinical models for musculoskeletal disorders are critical for understanding the pathogenesis of bone and joint disorders in humans and the development of effective therapies. The assessment of these models primarily relies on morphological analysis which remains time consuming and costly, requiring large numbers of animals to be tested through different stages of the disease. The implementation of preclinical imaging represents a keystone in the refinement of animal models allowing longitudinal studies and enabling a powerful, non-invasive and clinically translatable way for monitoring disease progression in real time. Our aim is to highlight examples that demonstrate the advantages and limitations of different imaging modalities including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and optical imaging. All of which are in current use in preclinical skeletal research. MRI can provide high resolution of soft tissue structures, but imaging requires comparatively long acquisition times; hence, animals require long-term anaesthesia. CT is extensively used in bone and joint disorders providing excellent spatial resolution and good contrast for bone imaging. Despite its excellent structural assessment of mineralized structures, CT does not provide in vivo functional information of ongoing biological processes. Nuclear medicine is a very promising tool for investigating functional and molecular processes in vivo with new tracers becoming available as biomarkers. The combined use of imaging modalities also holds significant potential for the assessment of disease pathogenesis in animal models of musculoskeletal disorders, minimising the use of conventional invasive methods and animal redundancy.
Practical Problems Involving Phase Noise Measurements (2001)

RADAR systems, secure communications, space-based applications, precision navigation, and computer timing applications are among some of the increasingly large number of modern electronic systems with phase noise performance requirements. Making these measurements is not always as easy as using the ubiquitous multi-meter. The topology or measurement configuration can significantly impact the speed, level of accuracy, and noise floor of the measurement itself. Careful attention must be paid to many different details in order to ensure the best possible and most accurate measurement. The inherent presence of various noise types and the interaction of amplitude and phase noise can cause a user, who blindly characterizes signals, to possibly misrepresent or misinterpret the performance and other issues. A survey of various phase noise measurement techniques is presented with their associated qualities. A few specific measurement requirements are shown with examples of actual measurements in order to illustrate current technology capability. Drawbacks of various configurations, as well as typical "gotchas," are mentioned.
Identification of a Major Gene Regulating Complex Social Behavior (2002)

Colony queen number, a major feature of social organization in fire ants, is associated with worker genotypes at the gene Gp-9. We sequenced Gp-9 and found that it encodes a pheromone-binding protein, a crucial molecular component in chemical recognition of conspecifics. This suggests that differences in worker Gp-9 genotypes between social forms may cause differences in workers' abilities to recognize queens and regulate their numbers. Analyses of sequence evolution indicate that regulation of social organization by Gp-9 is conserved in South American fire ant species exhibiting social polymorphism and suggest that positive selection has driven the divergence between the alleles associated with alternate social organizations. This study demonstrates that single genes of major effect can underlie the expression of complex behaviors important in social evolution.
Time reversal of electromagnetic waves and telecommunication (2005)

Time reversal (TR) communication in various configurations (single input, single output (SISO); multiple inputs, single output (MISO); or multiple inputs, multiple outputs (MIMO)) is studied. In particular, we report an experimental demonstration of time reversal focusing with electromagnetic waves in a SISO scheme. An antenna transmits a 1 μs electromagnetic pulse at a central frequency of 2.45 GHz in a high‐Q cavity. Another antenna records the strongly reverberated signal. The time‐reversed wave is built and transmitted back by the same antenna acting now as a time reversal mirror. The wave is found to converge to its initial source and is compressed in time. The quality of focusing is determined by the frequency bandwidth and the spectral correlations of the field within the cavity. A spatial focusing of the compressed pulse is also shown. This experiment is the first step for a communication scheme based on time reversal. It would be very interesting for ultrawideband communication in complex media since TR would permit compensation for delay spreading. MISO and MIMO TR communications are discussed on the basis of small‐scale experiments with ultrasound. In particular, the binary error rate of the method is studied as a function of both data rate and external noise. A simple theoretical approach explains the results.
Intramolecular transfer of excitation from trytophan to 1-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonamide in a series of model compounds (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntramolecular transfer of excitation from trytophan to 1-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonamide in a series of model compoundsRichard H. Conrad and Ludwig. BrandCite this: Biochemistry 1968, 7, 2, 777–787Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00842a036https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00842a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views114Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Magnetic nanoparticles for drug delivery (2006)

Abstract Targeting specific sites in vivo for the delivery of therapeutic compounds presents a major obstacle to the treatment of many diseases. One targeted delivery technique that has gained prominence in recent years is the use of magnetic nanoparticles. In these systems, therapeutic compounds are attached to biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles and magnetic fields generated outside the body are focused on specific targets in vivo. The fields capture the particle complex resulting in enhanced delivery to the target site. This review will focus on technical aspects of magnetic targeting as well as nanoparticle design and animal and clinical trials. Drug Dev. Res. 67:55–60, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kongressmanagement und Städtetourismus (2005)

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Pseudohyperphosphorylation Has Differential Effects on Polymerization and Function of Tau Isoforms (2011)

The microtubule-associated protein tau exists as six isoforms created through the splicing of the second, third, and tenth exons. The isoforms are classified by their number of N-terminal exons (0N, 1N, or 2N) and by their number of microtubule-binding repeat regions (3R or 4R). Hyperphosphorylated isoforms accumulate in insoluble aggregates in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. These neurodegenerative diseases can be categorized based on the isoform content of the aggregates they contain. Hyperphosphorylated tau has the general characteristics of an upward electrophoretic shift, decreased microtubule binding, and an association with aggregation. Previously we have shown that a combination of seven pseudophosphorylation mutations at sites phosphorylated by GSK-3β, referred to as 7-Phos, induced several of these characteristics in full-length 2N4R tau and led to the formation of fewer but longer filaments. We sought to determine whether the same phosphorylation pattern could cause differential effects in the other tau isoforms, possibly through varied conformational effects. Using in vitro techniques, we examined the electrophoretic mobility, aggregation properties, and microtubule stabilization of all isoforms and their pseudophosphorylated counterparts. We found that pseudophosphorylation affected each isoform, but in several cases certain isoforms were affected more than others. These results suggest that hyperphosphorylation of tau isoforms could play a major role in determining the isoform composition of tau aggregates in disease.
Fast switchable grating based on orthogonal photo alignments of ferroelectric liquid crystals (2012)

We demonstrate a fast switchable grating based on ferroelectric liquid crystals and orthogonal planar alignment by means of photo alignments. Both 1D and 2D gratings have been constructed. The proposed diffracting element provides fast response time of around 20 μs, contrast of 7000:1 and high diffraction efficiency, at the electric field of 6 V/μm. The saturated electro-optical (EO) states up to very high frequency (≈5 kHz) are the real advantage of the proposed switchable grating, which opens several opportunities to improve the quality of existing devices and to find new applications.