gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification of three antibacterial proteins from the culture medium of NIH-Sape-4, an embryonic cell line of Sarcophaga peregrina. (1988)

Three antibacterial proteins were purified from the culture medium of NIH-Sape-4, an embryonic cell line of Sarcophaga peregrina (flesh fly). Sequencing studies showed that two of these proteins belong to the sarcotoxin I family, potent antibacterial proteins purified from the hemolymph of Sarcophaga larvae, whereas the other protein, named sapecin, is a new protein consisting of 40 amino acid residues including 6 cysteine residues. Unlike sarcotoxin I, sapecin preferentially represses the growth of various Gram-positive bacteria. The proteins of the sarcotoxin I family produced by this cell line were found to have carboxyl-terminal glycine, whereas sarcotoxin I in the hemolymph has amidated amino acids. This suggests that the embryonic cells lack an enzyme that cleaves off carboxyl-terminal glycine to form a new amidated carboxyl terminus.
Lower Bounds for Pinning Lines by Balls (2009)

A line L is a transversal to a family F of convex objects in R^d if it intersects every member of F. In this paper we show that for every integer d&gt;2 there exists a family of 2d-1 pairwise disjoint unit balls in R^d with the property that every subfamily of size 2d-2 admits a transversal, yet any line misses at least one member of the family. This answers a question of Danzer from 1957.
Silver-copper alloy nanoparticles for metal enhanced luminescence (2009)

Large metal enhanced luminescence was realized at the vicinity of easily fabricated Ag–Cu alloy nanoparticles upon tuning of their surface plasmon resonance spectra by changing only one experimental variable—the annealing temperature, for maximum spectral overlap with the emission and excitation spectra of the luminophores. We observed strong emission enhancement of luminophores (141.48±19.20 times for Alexa Fluor 488 and 23.91±12.37 times for Alexa Fluor 594) at the vicinity of these Ag–Cu nanoparticles, which is significantly larger than for pure Ag nanoparticles. We present theoretical calculations to provide insights into these experimental findings.
Advanced Placement Science Programs in Catholic High School (2000)

The purpose of this study was to examine Advanced Placement (AP) science programs in participating Catholic high schools and develop guidelines for the implementation of similar programs at other Catholic schools. The areas of interest were curriculum, instruction, and Advanced Placement examination results. Administrators and teachers at Catholic high schools with Advanced Placement science programs were surveyed using instruments developed by the researcher. The responses of AP teachers and administrators were analyzed and compared in order to determine important features of existing science programs.
Doxorubicin conjugates of monoclonal antibodies to hepatoma-associated antigens. (1988)

A panel of six murine monoclonal antibodies against hepatocellular carcinoma-associated antigens, reactive with PLC/PRF/5 human hepatoma cells, was conjugated to Adriamycin (doxorubicin) via a dextran bridge. This library of antibodies includes three monoclonal antibodies against hepatitis B virus surface antigen, one anti-alpha-fetoprotein, and two other IgG2a antibodies against PLC/PRF/5 hepatoma-associated antigens. The use of dextran for conjugation of Adriamycin to antibodies enabled a 5- to 10-fold amplification of the number of drug molecules linked to antibody. Conjugation of Adriamycin to dextran caused an occasional reduction in the pharmacologic activity of dextran-Adriamycin in [3H]thymidine incorporation assays in hepatoma cells as compared to nonconjugated Adriamycin. This loss of anticellular activity was partially compensated for by conjugation of specific antibodies to the dextran-Adriamycin conjugate. Conjugated compounds completely retained their binding activity to purified hepatitis B virus surface antigen and alpha-fetoprotein fixed to a solid matrix as compared to binding of homologous nonconjugated antibodies. However, some reduction of the binding activity to intact hepatoma cells was observed in three of six conjugates. Binding activity to hepatoma cells and, as a consequence, suppression of tumor cell DNA synthesis by the various conjugates was enhanced as compared to the same effect in treated colorectal carcinoma cells that do not express the relevant hepatoma-associated proteins. Furthermore, two conjugates containing nonspecific antibodies did not bind to hepatoma cells and caused minimal suppression of DNA synthesis. These results suggest that this panel of monoclonal antibody-dextran-Adriamycin conjugates was effective in suppression of PLC/PRF/5 cell growth in vitro.
RF system concepts for highly integrated RFICs for W-CDMA mobile radio terminals (2002)

The standardization phase for third-generation wide-band CDMA systems like the universal mobile telecommunication system, which will add broad-band data to support video, Internet access, and other high-speed services for untethered devices is running toward its finalization. As is typical for mobile communication systems standardization, sufficient RF performance has been assumed and most efforts have been put to digital baseband issues. This is especially true for the mobile phone transceivers, the RF part of which is (although its baseband part is much more complex in terms of number of devices) still the bottleneck of the entire system. Meanwhile, in the RF concept engineering of today's commercial products, an accurate prediction of the needed RF performance by using RF system simulation is indispensable. This is, in particular, the case with third-generation wireless systems, which, from the RF design point-of-view, are quite different from second-generation time-division multiple access/frequency-division multiple-access systems due to the fact that the user signals are now separated in the code domain rather than in the time and/or frequency domain. The paper gives an insight of how to derive receiver requirements for third-generation mobiles in terms recognizable by microwave designers, reports on the system simulation-based design, and performance of silicon-based RF integrated circuits for mobile terminal use, and discusses some future technologies and techniques and their possible impact on portable wireless devices.
Use of a monoclonal anti-estrogen receptor antibody in the immunohistochemical evaluation of human tumors. (1986)

A monoclonal antibody to human estrogen receptor protein (H222 Sp gamma), amplified via immunoperoxidase techniques, was used in the analysis of estrogen receptor in 452 breast carcinomas, 100 endometrial carcinomas, and 15 melanomas. Immunohistochemical evaluation incorporated both intensity and distribution of staining (HSCORE). Quantitative estrogen receptor content was determined by dextran-coated charcoal analysis and sucrose density gradient analysis. In all cases H222 Sp gamma localized in the nucleus of target cells. A semiquantitative correlation existed between HSCORE and biochemical assays for breast and endometrial tissues. The sensitivities and specificities for HSCORE as compared to the biochemical assays ranged from 80 to 95% and from 74 to 94%, respectively. HSCORE correlated with tumor grade for breast and endometrial carcinoma. Immunohistochemical evaluation showed no specific staining in melanomas. The data suggest that immunohistochemical receptor localization provides information complementary to standard biochemical assays in the tissues studied.
Cellular Accumulation and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of the Intracellular Activity of CEM-101, a Novel Fluoroketolide, againstStaphylococcus aureus,Listeria monocytogenes, andLegionella pneumophilain Human THP-1 Macrophages (2009)

CEM-101 is a novel fluoroketolide with lower MICs than those of telithromycin and macrolides. Our aim was to assess the cellular accumulation and intracellular activity of CEM-101 using models developed for analyzing the pharmacokinetics and pharmacological properties of antibiotics against phagocytized bacteria. We used THP-1 macrophages and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923 [methicillin (meticillin) sensitive]), Listeria monocytogenes (strain EGD), and Legionella pneumophila (ATCC 33153). CEM-101 reached cellular-to-extracellular-concentration ratios of about 350 within 24 h (versus approximately 20, 30, and 160 for telithromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin, respectively). This intracellular accumulation was suppressed by incubation at a pH of < or = 6 and by monensin (proton ionophore) and was unaffected by verapamil (P-glycoprotein inhibitor; twofold accumulation increase for azithromycin) or gemfibrozil. While keeping with the general properties of the macrolide antibiotics in terms of maximal efficacy (Emax; approximately 1-log10-CFU decrease compared to the postphagocytosis inoculum after a 24-h incubation), CEM-101 showed significantly greater potency against phagocytized S. aureus than telithromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin (for which the 50% effective concentration [EC50] and static concentrations were about 3-, 6-, and 15-fold lower, respectively). CEM-101 was also about 50-fold and 100-fold more potent than azithromycin against phagocytized L. monocytogenes and L. pneumophila, respectively. These differences in EC50s and static concentrations between drugs were minimized when data were expressed as multiples of the MIC, demonstrating the critical role of intrinsic drug activity (MIC) in eliciting the antibacterial intracellular effects, whereas accumulation per se was unimportant. CEM-101 should show enhanced in vivo potency if used at doses similar to those of the comparators tested here.
Multipoint linkage analysis. (1986)

A formula is given for the advantage of n-point sampling, which approaches infinity with n. However, 2-point and 3-point analyses extract nearly all the information in such samples and at the same time communicate this information as lods and chi 2, which can be combined with other data by simple addition without reevaluation of the likelihood. When null interference is assumed, map distances and multiple recombination frequencies are inflated, and there is substantial loss of efficiency and of support for the correct order.
Detection of c- sis Transcripts and Synthesis of PDGF-Like Proteins by Human Osteosarcoma Cells (1984)

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) has been previously shown to be homologous to the transforming gene of simian sarcoma virus (v-sis), and inappropriate expression of the cellular counterpart of the v-sis gene (c-sis) has been implicated in the generation of mesenchymal tumors. The U-2 OS human osteosarcoma line was shown to contain multiple c-sis transcripts. Immunoprecipitation experiments with antiserum to PDGF identified a variety of polypeptides ranging in size from 18,000 to 165,000 daltons that were immunoprecipitated specifically from U-2 OS cell extracts. The osteosarcoma also was shown to secrete a 29,000-dalton protein having the serological and structural characteristics of PDGF.
Expression of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-A (PDGF-A), PDGF-B, and PDGF Receptor- and - during Human Testicular Development and Disease (2002)

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) plays a critical role in regulating the development and functional control of various tissues and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of serious diseases, including cancer and atherosclerosis. Given the emerging role of PDGF in the development and function of male gonads, we compared the expression profiles of the mRNAs of the PDGF A- and B-chains and of the PDGF receptor (PDGFR) alpha- and beta-subunits in fetal and adult human testis. The immunohistochemical localization of the corresponding proteins in fetal, adult, and diseased human testicular tissues was also analyzed. PDGFs and PDGFRs mRNAs were readily detected by both Northern analysis and RT-PCR. The transcript levels were higher during 16-20 wk gestation, significantly lower at 24-28 wk, and increased in the adult. An identical pattern of protein expression was confirmed by immunohistochemistry, although the cellular localization of the PDGF system changes during postnatal development, concomitantly with the progression of spermatogenesis. In the testicular samples from patients affected by either complete aplasia of germ cells or various grades of spermatogenic arrest, the immunohistochemical localization of PDGFs and PDGFRs was different from normal, confirming a close connection between germ cells and PDGF system distribution. These results indicate that PDGF, through complex interactions, could play a leading role in ontogenesis and testicular pathophysiology in humans. Finally, the expression of PDGF ligands and receptor proteins in Leydig cell tumors suggests a relationship of the PDGF system to tumorigenesis or tumor progression in this testicular neoplasm.
FRONT MATTER (Cover, Foreword, Table of Content) (2016)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
Induced pluripotent stem cell models of the genomic imprinting disorders Angelman and Prader–Willi syndromes (2010)

Angelman syndrome (AS) and Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) are neurodevelopmental disorders of genomic imprinting. AS results from loss of function of the ubiquitin protein ligase E3A (UBE3A) gene, whereas the genetic defect in PWS is unknown. Although induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide invaluable models of human disease, nuclear reprogramming could limit the usefulness of iPSCs from patients who have AS and PWS should the genomic imprint marks be disturbed by the epigenetic reprogramming process. Our iPSCs derived from patients with AS and PWS show no evidence of DNA methylation imprint erasure at the cis-acting PSW imprinting center. Importantly, we find that, as in normal brain, imprinting of UBE3A is established during neuronal differentiation of AS iPSCs, with the paternal UBE3A allele repressed concomitant with up-regulation of the UBE3A antisense transcript. These iPSC models of genomic imprinting disorders will facilitate investigation of the AS and PWS disease processes and allow study of the developmental timing and mechanism of UBE3A repression in human neurons.
Differentially Regulated Interferon Response Determines the Outcome of Newcastle Disease Virus Infection in Normal and Tumor Cell Lines (2006)

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a negative-strand RNA virus with oncolytic activity against human tumors. Its effectiveness against tumors and safety in normal tissue have been demonstrated in several clinical studies. Here we show that the spread of NDV infection is drastically different in normal cell lines than in tumor cell lines and that the two cell types respond differently to beta interferon (IFN-beta) treatment. NDV rapidly replicated and killed HT-1080 human fibrosarcoma cells but spread poorly in CCD-1122Sk human skin fibroblast cells. Pretreatment with endogenous or exogenous IFN-beta completely inhibited NDV replication in normal cells but had little or no effect in tumor cells. Thus, the outcome of NDV infection appeared to depend on the response of uninfected cells to IFN-beta. To investigate their differences in IFN responsiveness, we analyzed and compared the expression and activation of components of the IFN signal transduction pathway in these two types of cells. The levels of phosphorylated STAT1 and STAT2 and that of the ISGF3 complex were markedly reduced in IFN-beta-treated tumor cells. Moreover, cDNA microarray analysis revealed significantly fewer IFN-regulated genes in the HT-1080 cells than in the CDD-1122Sk cells. This finding suggests that tumor cells demonstrate a less-than-optimum antiviral response because of a lesion in their IFN signal transduction pathway. The rapid spread of NDV in HT-1080 cells appears to be caused by their deficient expression of anti-NDV proteins upon exposure to IFN-beta.
Effects of Expectation on Placebo-Induced Dopamine Release in Parkinson Disease (2010)

The strength of belief of improvement can directly modulate dopamine release in patients with PD. Our findings demonstrate the importance of uncertainty and/or salience over and above a patient's prior treatment response in regulating the placebo effect and have important implications for the interpretation and design of clinical trials.
Genetic model of multi-step breast carcinogenesis involving the epithelium and stroma: clues to tumour-microenvironment interactions (2001)

Although numerous studies have reported that high frequencies of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at various chromosomal arms have been identified in breast cancer, differential LOH in the neoplastic epithelial and surrounding stromal compartments has not been well examined. Using laser capture microdissection, which enables separation of neoplastic epithelium from surrounding stroma, we microdissected each compartment of 41 sporadic invasive adenocarcinomas of the breast. Frequent LOH was identified in both neoplastic epithelial and/or stromal compartments, ranging from 25 to 69% in the neoplastic epithelial cells, and from 17 to 61% in the surrounding stromal cells, respectively. The great majority of markers showed a higher frequency of LOH in the neoplastic epithelial compartment than in the stroma, suggesting that LOH in neoplastic epithelial cells might precede LOH in surrounding stromal cells. Furthermore, we sought to examine pair-wise associations of particular genetic alterations in either epithelial or stromal compartments. Seventeen pairs of markers showed statistically significant associations. We also propose a genetic model of multi-step carcinogenesis for the breast involving the epithelial and stromal compartments and note that genetic alterations occur in the epithelial compartments as the earlier steps followed by LOH in the stromal compartments. Our study strongly suggests that interactions between breast epithelial and stromal compartments might play a critical role in breast carcinogenesis and several genetic alterations in both epithelial and stromal compartments are required for breast tumour growth and progression.
Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of a Monovalent Heat Shock Protein 70-Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) Peptide-Based Vaccine Designed To Prime or Boost CD8 T-Cell Responses in HSV-Naive and HSV-2-Infected Subjects (2008)

This was a phase I study to assess the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of escalating doses of AG-702, a noncovalent complex of an HLA A*0201-restricted epitope in the glycoprotein B protein of herpes simplex virus type 2 (gB2) and truncated human constitutive heat shock protein 70. Similar vaccines have been immunogenic in animals. Three injections of 10 to 250 mug were administered intradermally to HLA A*0201-bearing subjects who were either herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)-infected or HSV uninfected. Sixty-two participants received the vaccine, 60 completed the protocol, and T-cell data were accrued for 56 subjects. The vaccine was safe and well tolerated. New or boosted responses to the HSV-2 CD8 epitope were not detected. Baseline responses to an epitope in virion proteins 13/14 were higher than responses to the gB2 epitope. A heat shock protein vaccine with an HSV-2 peptide appears to be safe at the doses studied in healthy adults with or without HSV infection. Modifications of the dose, adjuvant, route, schedule, or HSV antigen may be required to improve responses.
Starch and the Control of Kernel Number in Maize at Low Water Potentials (1999)

After reproduction is initiated in plants, subsequent reproductive development is sometimes interrupted, which decreases the final number of seeds and fruits. We subjected maize (Zea mays L.) to low water potentials (psi(w)) that frequently cause this kind of failure. We observed metabolite pools and enzyme activities in the developing ovaries while we manipulated the sugar stream by feeding sucrose (Suc) to the stems. Low psi(w) imposed for 5 d around pollination allowed embryos to form, but abortion occurred and kernel number decreased markedly. The ovary contained starch that nearly disappeared during this abortion. Analyses showed that all of the intermediates in starch synthesis were depleted. However, when labeled Suc was fed to the stems, label arrived at the ovaries. Solute accumulated and caused osmotic adjustment. Suc accumulated, but other intermediates did not, showing that a partial block in starch synthesis occurred at the first step in Suc utilization. This step was mediated by invertase, which had low activity. Because of the block, Suc feeding only partially prevented starch disappearance and abortion. These results indicate that young embryos abort when the sugar stream is interrupted sufficiently to deplete starch during early ovary development, and this abortion results in a loss of mature seeds and fruits. At low psi(w), maintaining the sugar stream partially prevented the abortion, but invertase regulated the synthesis of ovary starch and partially prevented full recovery.
Treatment of Chronic Stable Asthma with Drugs Active on the 5-Lipoxygenase Pathway (1995)

It is now established that 5-lipoxygenase products are synthesized and released in the airway during asthmatic reactions. The importance of these products in the asthmatic response has been established through study of the effects of 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors and leukotriene D4 receptor antagonists in patients with chronic stable asthma. In this study we review the data demonstrating that chronic administration of zileuton, an inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase, is associated with improved airway function, decreased asthma symptoms and decreased need for asthma medication use in patients with mild to moderate asthma.
Calcium signaling induces acquisition of dendritic cell characteristics in chronic myelogenous leukemia myeloid progenitor cells (1999)

Effective host T lymphocyte sensitization to malignant cells depends on successful antigen presentation. In this study, we examined the capacity of malignant myeloid progenitor cells of patients in the chronic phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) to acquire characteristics of activated dendritic cells (DCs) after intracellular calcium mobilization, thereby bypassing a need for third-party antigen-presenting cells. Treatment of purified CD33(+) CML cells from 15 patients with calcium ionophore (CI) consistently resulted in de novo expression of the costimulatory molecules CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2), CD40 and the DC-specific activation marker CD83, as well as marked up-regulation of MHC class I and II molecules and the adhesion molecule CD54. Most of these changes occurred within 24 hr of treatment. Morphologically, CI-treated CML cells developed long dendritic projections similar to those seen in mature DCs. Functionally, CI-treated CML cells provided stimulation of allogeneic T lymphocytes 10- to 20-fold that of untreated CML cells or untreated monocytes. Fluorescent in situ hybridization of CI-activated CML cells confirmed their leukemic origin by displaying the typical bcr/abl fusion signal. No difference in bcr/abl translocation percentages between untreated and CI-treated CML nuclei was observed. These observations indicate that calcium mobilization may constitute a valuable approach for rapidly and reliably generating CML-derived DCs for immunotherapy of CML.