gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic hypothermia in Italian intensive care units: a national survey. (2009)

Despite authoritative data supporting its effectiveness and safety, use of TH as part of the therapy in a post-resuscitation period in Italian ICUs remains low. The reasons for not using it are not completely justified and suggest that an educational program is advisable in order to boost the utilization of TH in Italy.
A QoS-Aware Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation Algorithm for Relay Stations in IEEE 802.16j-Based Vehicular Networks (2010)

IEEE 802.16 has been regarded as a promising broadband wireless access technology for its large coverage, quality of service (QoS) support for different types of application, and easy deployment. IEEE 802.16j is an extension of IEEE 802.16 to support relay mode operation. This paper applies IEEE 802.16j to vehicular network to provide Internet access for high-way vehicles. In particular, it proposes a dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithm specifically for relay stations (RS) to support QoS requirements of different types of service. The objective of the proposed DBA is to allocate bandwidth from relay station to its serving subscriber stations (SSs) with QoS consideration. The simulation results have shown the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed DBA algorithm.
Herpes Vector-Mediated Gene Transfer in Treatment of Diseases of the Nervous System (2004)

Vectors constructed from recombinant herpes simplex virus (HSV) have special utility for gene transfer to the nervous system. Nonreplicating vectors created by deletion of essential immediate early genes can be propagated to high titers on complementing cell lines that provide the missing gene product(s) in trans. Direct inoculation of these vectors into neural parenchyma is effective in rodent models of brain tumor, Parkinson disease, spinal cord injury, and spinal root trauma. Subcutaneous inoculation of the HSV vectors can be used to transduce neurons of the dorsal root ganglion to provide a therapeutic effect in models of polyneuropathy and chronic regional pain. In human trials, direct injection of replication-competent HSV into brain tumors has proven safe. Human trials of nonreplicating HSV gene transfer by direct inoculation for treatment of glioblastoma and HSV gene transfer by subcutaneous inoculation for the treatment of chronic intractable pain should commence soon.
Staphylococcus aureus: A Well–Armed Pathogen (1998)

Staphylococcus aureus is a virulent pathogen that is currently the most common cause of infections in hospitalized patients. S. aureus infection can involve any organ system. The success of S. aureus as a pathogen and its ability to cause such a wide range of infections are the result of its extensive virulence factors. The increase in the resistance of this virulent pathogen to antibacterial agents, coupled with its increasing prevalence as a nosocomial pathogen, is of major concern. The core resistance phenotype that seems to be most associated with the persistence of S. aureus in the hospital is methicillin resistance. Methicillin resistance in nosocomial S. aureus isolates has been increasing dramatically in United States hospitals and is also associated with resistance to other useful antistaphylococcal compounds. Possible ways to decrease the incidence of nosocomial S. aureus infections include instituting more effective infection control, decreasing nasal colonization, developing vaccines, and developing new or improved antimicrobials.
Safety and Antitumor Efficacy of the Proteasome Inhibitor Carfilzomib (PR-171) Dosed for Five Consecutive Days in Hematologic Malignancies: Phase 1 Results. (2007)

Abstract Introduction: Carfilzomib (CFZ) is a structurally- and mechanistically-novel proteasome inhibitor (PI) of the peptide epoxyketone class that exhibits a high level of selectivity for the unique N-terminal threonine active sites within the proteasome. CFZ is similar to bortezomib (BTZ; VELCADE®), in that it is a potent inhibitor of the chymotrypsin-like activity, but unlike BTZ, CFZ has shown minimal cross-reactivity with the other catalytic sites within the proteasome or across other protease classes. Preclinical human tumor xenograft models indicate that consecutive day (D1, D2) dosing resulting in 48 hours of proteasome suppression was superior to split dosing (D1, D4). Methods: This phase 1 sequential dose escalation trial tested an intensive proteasome inhibition schedule with CFZ administered as an intravenous push (IVP) daily (QD) for 5 consecutive days on a 14 day cycle. The doses administered ranged from 1.2 mg/m2 to 20 mg/m2. Multiple myeloma (MM), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) that included mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), Hodgkin’s disease (HD), or Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia (WM) were eligible if they had relapsed after 2 or more prior therapies. Results: A total of 29 subjects have been treated. The minimal effective dose (MED) was 11 mg/m2. A maximum of 80% proteasome inhibition was achieved in peripheral blood and mononuclear cells at ≥15 mg/m2. Five responses have occurred in 14 patients (6 MM, 3 MCL, 1 WM, 4 NHL) enrolled at ≥ the MED: 1 MM partial response (PR), 2 MM minimal responses (MR), 1 WM MR and one macroscopic CR in a patient with gastrointestinal MCL. Responses occurred in patients whose disease had failed therapy with BTZ, immunomodulatory agents, and stem cell transplant. Four NHL patients have had stable disease and remained on treatment for up to 7 months. Dose limiting toxicity reported at 20 mg/m2 included febrile neutropenia (reversible) and grade 4 thrombocytopenia. Grade 3 (25%) or grade 4 events (8%) were primarily hematologic events. Most withdrawals occurred due to the inconvenience of frequent visits, or progressive disease. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that intensive CFZ dosing leading to sustained proteasome inhibition is well tolerated. The selectivity of the epoxyketone class of PI may promote a favorable safety profile. Furthermore, antitumor responses in heavily pretreated patients suggest non-cross resistant activity. Phase 2 trials in MM and solid tumors are proceeding with an alternate IV schedule. An oral agent suitable for frequent dosing schedules is under development.
A stochastic MIMO radio channel model with experimental validation (2002)

Theoretical and experimental studies of multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) radio channels are presented. A simple stochastic MIMO model channel has been developed. This model uses the correlation matrices at the mobile station (MS) and base station (BS) so that results of the numerous single-input/multiple-output studies that have been published in the literature can be used as input parameters. The model is simplified to the narrowband channels. The validation of the model is based upon data collected in both picocell and microcell environments. The stochastic model has also been used to investigate the capacity of MIMO radio channels, considering two different power allocation strategies, water filling and uniform and two different antenna topologies, 4/spl times/4 and 2/spl times/4. Space diversity used at both ends of the MIMO radio link is shown to be an efficient technique in picocell environments, achieving capacities within 14 b/s/Hz and 16 b/s/Hz in 80% of the cases for a 4/spl times/4 antenna configuration implementing water filling at a SNR of 20 dB.
Brief Report: Muscle Transfection by Electroporation with High-Voltage and Short-Pulse Currents Provides High-Level and Long-Lasting Gene Expression (2000)

Gene transfer into muscle by electroporation with low-voltage and long-pulse (LV/LP, 100 V/50 msec) currents was shown to be more efficient than simple intramuscular DNA injection. Nevertheless, transgene expression declined from day 7 and only reached 10% of the maximum 3 weeks after electroporation. We have optimized electroporation conditions including voltage, pulse number, and the amount of injected luciferase-encoding plasmid DNA in the tibialis anterior muscle. Using high-voltage and short-pulse (HV/SP, 900 V/100 microsec) currents, we observed an average 500-fold increase in luciferase expression, in comparison with nonelectroporated muscle. Moreover, sustained and long-lasting gene expression was observed for at least 6 months. When we compared HV/SP currents with LV/LP currents, luciferase expression was similar 24 hr after electroporation. One month later, whereas luciferase expression was stable in muscle electroporated with HV/SP currents, it decreased 600-fold in muscle electroporated with LV/LP currents. In conclusion, electroporation with high-voltage and short-pulse currents provides high-level and long-lasting gene expression in muscle.
Lipid Reorganization Induced by Shiga Toxin Clustering on Planar Membranes (2009)

The homopentameric B-subunit of bacterial protein Shiga toxin (STxB) binds to the glycolipid Gb(3) in plasma membranes, which is the initial step for entering cells by a clathrin-independent mechanism. It has been suggested that protein clustering and lipid reorganization determine toxin uptake into cells. Here, we elucidated the molecular requirements for STxB induced Gb(3) clustering and for the proposed lipid reorganization in planar membranes. The influence of binding site III of the B-subunit as well as the Gb(3) lipid structure was investigated by means of high resolution methods such as fluorescence and scanning force microscopy. STxB was found to form protein clusters on homogenous 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC)/cholesterol/Gb(3) (65:30:5) bilayers. In contrast, membranes composed of DOPC/cholesterol/sphingomyelin/Gb(3) (40:35:20:5) phase separate into a liquid ordered and liquid disordered phase. Dependent on the fatty acid composition of Gb(3), STxB-Gb(3) complexes organize within the liquid ordered phase upon protein binding. Our findings suggest that STxB is capable of forming a new membrane phase that is characterized by lipid compaction. The significance of this finding is discussed in the context of Shiga toxin-induced formation of endocytic membrane invaginations.
Advanced Bioethanol Production Technologies: A Perspective (1997)

Conversion of the fermentable sugars residing in lignocellulosic waste and energy crops can conservatively yield approximately 100 billion gallons of fuel-grade ethanol per year in the United States alone. However, the cellulosic biomass-to-alcohol bioconversion process must be proven economical before industry can commercialize this technology. The U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fuels Development supports a program to develop a commercially viable process for producing ethanol transportation fuel from renewable biomass resources. Bioconversion technologies developed to date take advantage of a diverse array of pretreatments, followed by enzymatic or chemical saccharification, and fermentation. Progress during recent years in pretreatment and fermentation technologies promises to significantly improve overall process economics. Examples include the development of two-stage dilute acid, nitric acid/mechanical disruption, and countercurrent percolation pretreatments. Recently developed, genetically engineered ethanologens also promise to improve process economics and include Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces sp., and Zymomonas mobilis. These microorganisms reportedly ferment xylose and glucose mixtures with high efficiency. This review presents an up-to-date picture of the advanced technology aspects of unit operations key to successful biomass-to-ethanol processing plants with speculation about future focus in this field by NREL researchers.
Carrier frequency offset estimation for OFDM∕SDMA systems using consecutive pilots (2005)

Carrier frequency offsets (CFO) greatly degrade the performance of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems because they may violate the orthogonality of subcarriers and introduce intercarrier interferences. CFO effects of uplink of a spatial-diversity multiple-access (SDMA) OFDM system are first approximated by the CFO-vectors which are the fast Fourier transform (FFT) of complex exponential functions associated with the CFO. Then, the CFO-vectors are optimally estimated in a minimum mean square error sense by appropriately designing pilots which are in fact the δ-sequences subject to a specified distribution. In addition, the estimation is further improved by imposing a window function on the received signals to reduce the side-lobe leakages of the CFO-vectors. Through simulations, it is shown that the new estimators provide a satisfactory CFO estimation for fine tracking of uplink of OFDM/SDMA systems.
Qat-4 and Qat-5, new murine T-cell antigens governed by the Tla region and identified by monoclonal antibodies. (1979)

Two new lymphocyte antigens, provisionally designated Qat-4 and Qat-5 have been identified with two different hybridoma-derived, monoclonal AKR antiC57BL/6 antibodies. These antigens are governed by genes located to the right (distal) end of the H-2 complex, within the Qa-2,3 region. Qat-4 and Qat-5 antigens which do not seem to be identical with Qa-2,3 or TL antigens are absent from Ig/ lymphocytes and thymocytes. They are only present on a fraction of peripheral T cells. Thus, Qat-4 is expressed on 70%, and Qat-5 on 30% of splenic and lymph node T cells, Qat-4 is also found on the majority of Ig- cells from athymic nude mice. These findings illustrate the complexity of the chromosome segment between the H-2D and Tla loci and they emphasize the role of major histocompatibility complex-associated genes for the differentiation of T cells into different subpopulations with possibly distinct immunologic functions.
The use of dendritic cells for cancer vaccination. (1999)

Dendritic cells (DC) are the most potent antigen presenting cells (APC) and the only ones capable of presenting novel antigens to naïve T-cells. Large numbers of DC can be generated in vitro in the presence of appropriate cytokine cocktails using either adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or CD34+ precursors. More than 20 preclinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of antigen-loaded DC to mediate antitumor immune responses. Three clinical trials have been reported to date that show DC as a promising tool for the immunotherapy of cancer. However, completion and analysis of randomized trials to establish the appropriate antigen(s), adjuvant(s), dose, route and schedule will be crucial. Future DC-based therapies will include genetic modification of DC, the use of CD34+ precursors, direct delivery of DC to tumors, and application of tumor lysates or apoptotic cells as sources of additional, as yet undefined, antigens.
Measuring Real-World Data Availability (2001)

This paper examines how server marketing claims of high reliability (e.g., 99.999%) stack up against real world data measurements. Our goals were to: measure discretionary NFS data availability, compare data availability between standalone and clustered systems, and draw some conclusions about best practices for customers.We explain our methodology for measuring, filtering, and categorizing availability-related data. Through careful data and error analysis, we arrive at discretionary NFS data availability estimates for NetApp filers in the real world. We conclude that NetApp clusters provide over four-nines availability in the field.
Potential withdrawal of rheumatoid synovium by the induction of apoptosis using a novel in vivo model of rheumatoid arthritis (1998)

This is the first report concerning the present effectiveness of anti-Fas monoclonal antibody in diminishing rheumatoid synovium in vivo, and suggests the possibility of a new strategy for treating rheumatoid arthritis by inducing Fas-mediated apoptosis.
Purification of Bacteriophage T4 Lysozyme (1968)

The lysozyme of bacteriophage T4 was purified to apparent homogeneity from lysates of the phage grown on Escherichia coli.The enzyme is a single polypeptide chain of molecular weight 19,000, with a single NH&erminal methionine residue and a single COOH-terminal leuciue residue.The amino acid composition of the protein was determined.The phage lysozyme exhibits a much greater specific activity when assayed with E. coli as a substrate than does egg white lysozyme.The enzyme was found to have muramidase activity, as egg white lysozyme does, when cell walls of Micrococcus lysodeikticuswere used as substrate.The stability of the enzyme and the pH of optimum activity are described.Escherichia coli cells infected with T4 bacteriophage produce a lysozyme (first described in the related phage T2 (l)), the sole function of which seems to be the ultimate lysis of the host cell (2).The production of lysozyme is genetically controlled by the lysozyme gene of the phage (3).Since lysozyme mutants can be induced with a variety of mutagens and studied genetically, the T4 phage lysozyme system is useful for investigation of problems concerning the genetic code (4-7) and the relationship of genes to their product proteins.In the present study, lysozyme of wild type T4 phage has been purified and characterized with respect to activity, stability, amino acid composition, and terminal amino acids.The lysozyme of the related bacteriophage T2 has been partially purified and described (8) by others.
Laboured breathing: Running with and against internationalizing texts of currere (2005)

Two texts running a chiasmatic course – running with and against lines of separation. Traces of Bergamo 1999 linger in these textured doublings invoked by an invitation to Baton Rouge and a dialogue of international curricular provocations from which IAACS emerged. We query what happens when teachers and learners locate themselves in spaces where languages invoke a re-articulation of their pedagogic lives. Incited by such cadences of ar/rhythmic moments, we write out of a living pedagogy that is always already in-between movements of translation and transformation. Re-running the course – the course of running with and against our work – we have learned to read with Aoki that the same is always already – toujours déjà – the same and not the same. And hence our laboured breathing…running with and against internationalizing texts of currere.
Trends and Future Perspectives in Peptide and Protein Drug Delivery (1995)

Peptide and protein drug delivery - past, present and future polymeric delivery systems for peptide and protein drugs transport enhancement of peptide and protein drugs across selected absorptive barriers modification of peptide and protein drugs for improved pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties targeting of peptide and protein drugs delivery of oligonucleotides and genes.
Evaluación del rendimiento de grano seco en accesiones promisorias de Plukenetia volubilis “sacha inchi” en Loreto (2013)

El sacha inchi es una especie vegetal oleaginosa que se encuentra al estado silvestre en selva alta, baja y ceja de selva del Perú. Es importante por su alto contenido de ácidos grasos insaturados (aceites omegas) y proteínas que contienen las semillas que lo hace ideal para mejorar la dieta alimenticia humana. El Gobierno Regional ha priorizado el cultivo de sacha inchi para impulsar el desarrollo económico y social de sus productores. Los trabajos de evaluación de rendimiento de grano seco de sacha inchi bajo condiciones de selva baja, se realizaron en el Campo Experimental El Dorado de la EEA. San Roque- INIA; con 9 accesiones provenientes del banco de germoplasma de la EEA. El Porvenir, Tarapoto. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el rendimiento de grano seco y validar y adaptar la tecnología de producción de esta especie en condiciones de selva baja. Las accesiones que sobresalieron fueron Barranquita y Cumbaza, con rendimientos de 1863 y 1809 kg/ha de grano seco por hectárea. La accesión Tambo Yaguas, obtuvo el rendimiento más bajo con 631 kg/ha de grano seco por hectárea, debido principalmente a su susceptibilidad a &lt;em&gt;Rhizoctonia sp.&lt;/em&gt; “Mustia hilachoza”.
Manipulating Liquid‐Crystal Properties Using a pH Activated Hydrazone Switch (2013)

The long-range organization of a liquid crystal can be controlled by using an additive that consists of cholesterol units attached to a hydrazone switch. The acid/base-induced rotary motion in the switch is transmitted to the self-assembled supramolecular host, wherein this information is propagated and amplified. This process alters the photophysical properties of the host, which results in the change of the readout color from purple to green. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A strategy for predicting the chemosensitivity of human cancers and its application to drug discovery (2007)

The U.S. National Cancer Institute has used a panel of 60 diverse human cancer cell lines (the NCI-60) to screen >100,000 chemical compounds for anticancer activity. However, not all important cancer types are included in the panel, nor are drug responses of the panel predictive of clinical efficacy in patients. We asked, therefore, whether it would be possible to extrapolate from that rich database (or analogous ones from other drug screens) to predict activity in cell types not included or, for that matter, clinical responses in patients with tumors. We address that challenge by developing and applying an algorithm we term "coexpression extrapolation" (COXEN). COXEN uses expression microarray data as a Rosetta Stone for translating from drug activities in the NCI-60 to drug activities in any other cell panel or set of clinical tumors. Here, we show that COXEN can accurately predict drug sensitivity of bladder cancer cell lines and clinical responses of breast cancer patients treated with commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs. Furthermore, we used COXEN for in silico screening of 45,545 compounds and identify an agent with activity against human bladder cancer.
Evolution of feedback-inhibited β/α barrel isoenzymes by gene duplication and a single mutation (2003)

The betaalpha barrel is the common protein fold of numerous enzymes and was proposed recently to be the result of gene duplication and fusion of an ancient half-barrel. The initial enzyme of shikimate biosynthesis possesses the additional feature of feedback regulation. The crystal structure and kinetic studies on chimera and mutant proteins of yeast 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae inhibited by phenylalanine (Aro3p) and DAHP synthase S. cerevisiae inhibited by tyrosine (Aro4p) give insight into important regions for regulation in the enzyme: The loop, which is connecting the two half-barrels, and structural elements added to the barrel are prerequisites for regulation and form a cavity on the N-terminal side of the betaalpha barrel. In the cavity of Aro4p at position 226 is a glycine residue, which is highly conserved in all other tyrosine-regulated DAHP synthases as well. Sequence alignments with phenylalanine-regulated DAHP synthases including Aro3p show a highly conserved serine residue at this position. An exchange of glycine to serine and vice versa leads to a complete change in the regulation pattern. Therefore the evolution of these differently feedback-inhibited isoenzymes required gene duplication and a single mutation within the internal extra element. Numerous additional amino acid substitutions present in the contemporary isoenzymes are irrelevant for regulation and occurred independently.