gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Purgative Action of Barbaloin Is Induced by Eubacterium sp. Strain BAR, a Human Intestinal Anaerobe, Capable of Transforming Barbaloin to Aloe-Emodin Anthrone. (1996)

Orally administered barbaloin (100 mg/kg) did not induce any diarrhea in male Wistar rats, in spite of severe diarrhea with sennoside B (40 mg/kg). Also, in gnotobiote rats mono-associated with Peptostreptococcus intermedius, a human intestinal anaerobe capable of reducing sennidins to rhein anthrone, barbaloin did not induce diarrhea; the faecal water content (71.9%) 8 h after the administration of barbaloin was not increased, compared with that (73.9%) just before the treatment. However, severe diarrhea was induced with barbaloin in gnotobiote rats mono-associated with Eubacterium sp. strain BAR, another human intestinal anaerobe capable of transforming barbaloin to aloe-emodin anthrone; the faecal water content was significantly increased to 85.5% 8 h after the administration, from 73.2% before the treatment. At this time, barbaloin was transformed to aloe-emodin anthrone in the feces from the gnotobiote rats mono-associated with the strain BAR, but not in feces from the conventional rats or the gnotobiote rats mono-associated with P. intermedius. These facts indicate that barbaloin is inactive as a laxative itself but is activated to aloe-emodin anthrone, a genuine purgative component, by Eubacterium sp. strain BAR.
Literature review of spatio-temporal database models (2004)

Recent efforts in spatial and temporal data models and database systems have attempted to achieve an appropriate kind of interaction between the two areas. This paper reviews the different types of spatio-temporal data models that have been proposed in the literature as well as new theories and concepts that have emerged. It provides an overview of previous achievements within the domain and critically evaluates the various approaches through the use of a case study and the construction of a comparison framework. This comparative review is followed by a comprehensive description of the new lines of research that emanate from the latest efforts inside the spatio-temporal research community.
Intradermal gene immunization: the possible role of DNA uptake in the induction of cellular immunity to viruses. (1994)

The skin and mucous membranes are the anatomical sites were most viruses are first encountered by the immune system. Previous experiments have suggested that striated muscle cells are unique among mammalian cell types in their capacity to take up and express free DNA in the absence of a viral vector or physical carrier. However, we have found that mice injected into the superficial skin with free (naked) plasmid DNA encoding the influenza nucleoprotein gene had discrete foci of epidermal and dermal cells, including cells with dendritic morphology, that contained immunoreactive nucleoprotein antigen. A single intradermal administration of 0.3-15 micrograms of free plasmid DNA induced anti-nucleoprotein-specific antibody and cytotoxic T lymphocytes that persisted for at least 68-70 weeks after vaccination. Intradermal gene administration induced higher antibody titers than did direct gene injection into skeletal muscle and did not cause local inflammation or necrosis. Compared with control animals, the gene-injected mice were resistant to challenge with a heterologous strain of influenza virus. These results indicate that the cells of the skin can take up and express free foreign DNA and induce cellular and humoral immune responses against the encoded protein. We suggest that DNA uptake by the skin-associated lymphoid tissues may play a role in the induction of cytotoxic T cells against viruses and other intracellular pathogens.
Methane production and bowel function parameters in healthy subjects on low‐ and high‐fiber diets (1991)

Colon cancer patients are more likely than healthy subjects to excrete breath methane, and methane production has been suggested as a screening method to predict risk of developing colon cancer. To assess whether methane production is related to fiber ingestion and bowel function, we measured end-alveolar breath methane in 126 healthy subjects; 36% produced methane (greater than 3 ppm). Fifteen methane producers and nine controls were selected to participate in a 17-day study: a self-selected diet for 7 days, followed by the same diet plus 24 g/day dietary fiber (Fiber One Cereal) for 10 days. Methane was measured three times per day on three days during each diet. Two subjects screened as methane producers stopped excreting methane during the study, and one control started to excrete methane. Radiopaque pellets were given at the start and end of each diet, and feces were collected, homogenized, and dried. Mean transit time (p less than 0.0001) and fecal pH (p less than 0.0003) were significantly decreased with fiber, whereas fecal hydration scale (p less than 0.003), fecal dry (p less than 0.0001) and wet (p less than 0.0001) weight, and frequency of defecation (p less than 0.0006) were significantly increased with fiber. No significant change in methane excretion (p less than 0.057) was seen with added fiber. Thus, in this study methane excretor status was not constant in healthy subjects and was not significantly changed by 24 g/day dietary fiber as Fiber One Cereal.
The neural cell adhesion molecule. (2000)

During the past year, the understanding of the structure and function of neural cell adhesion has advanced considerably. The three-dimensional structures of several of the individual modules of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) have been determined, as well as the structure of the complex between two identical fragments of the NCAM. Also during the past year, a link between homophilic cell adhesion and several signal transduction pathways has been proposed, connecting the event of cell surface adhesion to cellular responses such as neurite outgrowth. Finally, the stimulation of neurite outgrowth by an agent that binds to the first module of NCAM has been described.
Polyreaktionen in orientierten systemen. II.. Polymerisation von 4‐vinylpyridinium‐salzen in micellar geordneten lösungen (1972)

Abstract Die Kinetik der „spontanen”︁ Polymerisation von 4‐Vinylpyridiniumperchlorat in Wasser zeigt, daß oberhalb einer „kritischen”︁ Konzentration ein Wechsel des Polymerisationsmechanismus eintritt entsprechend einer Änderung in der Struktur des sich bildenden Polymeren. Untersuchungen der Viskosität und der Oberflächenspannung an Modellsubstanzen zeigen, daß dieses Phänomen der Bildung von Micellen und der darin ablaufenden Polymerisation zuzuschreiben ist. Der alkalische Abbau der Polymeren wurde untersucht.
Pill Properties that Cause Dysphagia and Treatment Failure (2015)

Our survey results suggest that 4 out of 5 adult Americans take several pills daily, and do so without undue effort. It also suggests that half of today's Americans encounter pills that are hard to swallow. Up to 4% of our participants gave up on treatments because they could not swallow the prescribed pills. Up to 7% categorically rejected taking pills that are hard to swallow. Specific material properties are widely blamed for making pills hard to swallow; extra-large capsules and tablets are universally feared, whereas medium-sized pills with a smooth coating are widely preferred. Our findings suggest that health care providers could minimize treatment failures and complications by prescribing and dispensing pills that are easy to swallow. Industry and regulatory bodies may facilitate this by making swallowability an essential criterion in the design and licensing of oral medications. Such policies could lessen the burden of pill taking for Americans and improve the adherence with prescribed treatments.
Improved methods for predicting peptide binding affinity to MHC class II molecules (2018)

Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules are expressed on the surface of professional antigen-presenting cells where they display peptides to T helper cells, which orchestrate the onset and outcome of many host immune responses. Understanding which peptides will be presented by the MHC-II molecule is therefore important for understanding the activation of T helper cells and can be used to identify T-cell epitopes. We here present updated versions of two MHC-II-peptide binding affinity prediction methods, NetMHCII and NetMHCIIpan. These were constructed using an extended data set of quantitative MHC-peptide binding affinity data obtained from the Immune Epitope Database covering HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, HLA-DP and H-2 mouse molecules. We show that training with this extended data set improved the performance for peptide binding predictions for both methods. Both methods are publicly available at www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/NetMHCII-2.3 and www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/NetMHCIIpan-3.2.
Electrochemical recognition of analytes using quaternary ammonium binaphthyl salts (2003)

The electrooxidation of quaternary ammonium binaphthyl salts is shown to proceed by a quasi-reversible one-electron process. The oxidation of an aza-crown ether substituted binaphthyl salt is affected by the presence of lithium and sodium ions in solution and there is shown to be a linear relationship between the limiting current for the process and the concentration of Li+ and Na+. The electrochemistry of the binaphthyl salt is also shown to be affected by the addition of organic cations to the solution, showing that these receptors could form the basis of analytical devices which could be made specific to a range of analytes.
2,8-Dihydroxy-5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2,8-Dihydroxy-5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochryseneWilliam S. Johnson, Clifford A. Erickson, and James AckermanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 9, 2251–2253Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01129a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01129a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views112Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Platelet glycoproteins IIb and IIIa: evidence for a family of immunologically and structurally related glycoproteins in mammalian cells. (1986)

Human and bovine cultured cell lines and circulating leukocytes were examined for the presence of surface proteins similar to platelet glycoproteins IIb (GPIIb) and IIIa (GPIIIa). Human endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and MG-63 fibroblast-like cells were found to have surface proteins that cross-reacted with platelet GPIIb and GPIIIa antibodies, existed as complexes, and had molecular weights similar to those of the corresponding platelet glycoproteins. Bovine endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells also expressed GPIIb- and GPIIIa-like surface proteins. Metabolic labeling studies with [35S]methionine demonstrated that the cultured cells synthesized these glycoproteins. The GPIIIa-like protein in human endothelial and smooth muscle cells had the same isoelectric point as platelet GPIIIa, whereas their GPIIb alpha-like protein was slightly more acidic than platelet GPIIb alpha (pI = 5.2-5.3 versus 5.5). Platelet and endothelial cell GPIIb alpha (but not GPIIIa) showed an increased electrophoretic mobility in Ca2+ -containing versus EDTA-containing gels, implying a Ca2+ -GPIIb alpha interaction. The amino acid sequence of the amino termini of platelet GPIIb alpha and GPIIb beta and of the alpha chains of the leukocyte LFA-1 and Mac-1 glycoprotein complexes had significant sequence homology. These data indicate that glycoproteins that have either immunological cross-reactivity or amino-terminal sequence homology with the platelet GPIIb-IIIa complex are widely distributed in human and non-human adherent cells and circulating leukocytes and suggest that these proteins may be the products of a large gene family whose expression is cell specific.
Cochlear Damage Changes the Distribution of Vesicular Glutamate Transporters Associated with Auditory and Nonauditory Inputs to the Cochlear Nucleus (2009)

Integration of multimodal information is essential for understanding complex environments. In the auditory system, multisensory integration first occurs in the cochlear nucleus (CN), where auditory nerve and somatosensory pathways converge (Shore, 2005). A unique feature of multisensory neurons is their propensity to receive cross-modal compensation after deafening. Based on our findings that the vesicular glutamate transporters, VGLUT1 and VGLUT2, are differentially associated with auditory nerve and somatosensory inputs to the CN, respectively (Zhou et al., 2007), we examined their relative distributions after unilateral deafening. After unilateral intracochlear injections of kanamycin (1 and 2 weeks), VGLUT1 immunoreactivity (ir) in the magnocellular CN ipsilateral to the cochlear damage was significantly decreased, whereas VGLUT2-ir in regions that receive nonauditory input was significantly increased 2 weeks after deafening. The pathway-specific amplification of VGLUT2 expression in the CN suggests that, in compensatory response to deafening, the nonauditory influence on CN is significantly enhanced. One undesirable consequence of enhanced glutamatergic inputs could be the increased spontaneous rates in CN neurons that occur after hearing loss and that have been proposed as correlates of the phantom auditory sensations commonly called tinnitus.
Influence of tumor-derived interleukin 1 on melanoma-endothelial cell interactions in vitro. (1991)

Human melanoma cell lines that express high constitutive levels of the metastasis-associated marker intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) were found to secrete interleukin 1 (IL-1) in vitro. Experiments with neutralizing antibodies showed that this cytokine was responsible for their expression of ICAM-1 but not that of two other progression/metastasis markers, Muc-18 and Gp IIb/IIIa. The IL-1 present in melanoma-conditioned medium induced the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1, and ICAM-1 on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECs) in culture and increased the rate at which melanoma cells and ECs adhered to each other. IL-1-producing melanoma lines adhered significantly more rapidly to ECs than did non-IL-1-producing lines, and this enhancement was reduced by prior incubation of the melanoma cells with neutralizing anti-IL-1 antibodies. Similarly, endothelial cells treated with conditioned medium from IL-1-producing melanoma lines adhered significantly more rapidly to melanoma cells than did ECs treated with medium from non-IL-1-producing melanoma lines, and this enhancement was abolished by addition of anti-IL-1 antibodies to EC cultures in conditioned medium. Blocking antibodies to endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1, and ICAM-1 failed to inhibit melanoma-EC adhesion, but an antibody to tumor cell GpIIb/IIIa did block adhesion by up to 44%. The ability to secrete IL-1 could increase the metastatic potential of melanoma cells by stimulating tumor cell-EC adhesion.
An Effective IQ Imbalance Compensation Scheme for MIMO-OFDM Communication System (2006)

MIMO communication systems can provide high channel capacity and is considered as a candidate for the next generation wireless systems. However, there is insufficient investigation about effects of the imperfection caused by the RF hardware on the MIMO systems. In this paper, we focus on the influence of the IQ imbalance on a MIMO-OFDM communication system. As a result, it is found that the IQ imbalance causes both inter-subcarrier and inter-stream interferences in the MIMO-OFDM system, and severely degrades the performance of the system. To combat this problem, a new extended channel matrix including the influence of IQ imbalance is introduced. Then the method of IQ imbalance compensation by using the extended channel matrix is proposed in this paper. The validity of the proposed IQ imbalance compensation scheme on the MIMO-OFDM system is investigated by computer simulation.
Porcine Pancreatic Lipase (1972)

Porcine pancreatic lipase has been purified to homogeneity as determined with analytical polyacrylamide gels. Both isoenzymes of lipase were shown to be glycoproteins containing 3.8 moles of mannose and 2.9 moles of N-acetylglucosamine per mole of enzyme.
The kallikrein‐kinin system, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and insulin sensitivity (2004)

The therapeutic use of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, at a large scale, in arterial hypertension has showed that these molecules can exert beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity and may reduce the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. One hypothesis explaining these effects of ACE inhibitors may relate to their capacity to interfere with bradykinin (BK) metabolism and action. BK may participate in the regulation of substrate utilization by several tissues by improving blood flow and substrate delivery to the tissues and also by promoting translocation of glucose transporters. Moreover, BK has been shown to increase phosphorylation of insulin receptor and its cell substrates. BK also appears to improve the release of insulin. Furthermore, insulin may activate the kallikrein-kinin system, which consequently may increase its metabolic effects. However, in experimental diabetes mellitus, BK can participate to the inflammatory reaction leading to Langerhans islets destruction. In diabetes, whereas tissue kallikrein mRNA levels were reduced in several organs, an overexpression of kinin receptors, an increase in plasma levels of kininogens and kallikrein and an activation of the kinin system have all been reported. Lastly, kinins may be involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Reduction of kinin metabolism by ACE inhibitors might be involved in the beneficial effects exerted by these compounds in diabetic kidney functions.
Size-Dependent Photon Emission from Organometal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals Embedded in an Organic Matrix (2015)

In recent years, organometal halide perovskite materials have attracted significant research interest in the field of optoelectronics. Here, we introduce a simple and low-temperature route for the formation of self-assembled perovskite nanocrystals in a solid organic matrix. We demonstrate that the size and photoluminescence peak of the perovskite nanocrystals can be tuned by varying the concentration of perovskite in the matrix material. The physical origin of the blue shift of the perovskite nanocrystals’ emission compared to its bulk phase is also discussed.
Beam quality factor of higher order modes in a step-index fiber (2006)

The beam quality factor (or M <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> -parameter) for linearly polarized (LP)-modes of a step-index fiber is calculated in a closed form, as a function of the fiber V-number. It is shown that M <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> sharply peaks for all fiber modes when they are close to cutoff. Particularly simple expressions are derived in the limit Vrarrinfin. Two practically important coherent superpositions of modes are considered for which the degree of degradation of the beam quality due to the higher order mode content is calculated. The reported results can be useful for designing large-core high-power fiber lasers, amplifiers, and fiber-based beam delivery systems, when preservation of the spatial beam quality is important
Melatonin administration in insomnia. (1990)

Ten patients with persistent insomnia were randomized in a double-blind design and the effects of 1-mg and 5-mg oral dosages of melatonin on the electroencephalogram-recorded sleep were examined. Subjects showed no changes in either the onset or duration of sleep, nor any effect on mood or alertness the following day. A significant increase in rapid-eye-movement (REM) latency was noted at the 1-mg dose, though no other parameter of REM sleep was affected. The patients reported less sleep on both melatonin conditions. Despite this perception of decrease, overall subjective quality was reported to be improved.
Expression of Lectinlike Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-1 in Human Atherosclerotic Lesions (1999)

LOX-1 may play important roles in Ox-LDL uptake and subsequent functional alteration in the luminal endothelium in early atherosclerotic lesions and in intimal neovascular endothelial cells in advanced plaques. Furthermore, LOX-1 may also be involved in Ox-LDL uptake and subsequent foam cell transformation in macrophages and smooth muscle cells in the atherosclerotic intima.
Coherent OFDM transmission at 60 GHz (2003)

The use of coherent OFDM is an efficient way to circumvent the need for an equalizer in high-speed wireless data transmission links. In a time variant channel, fast and robust channel estimation is necessary when no differential modulation schemes are used. Furthermore, the use of coherent OFDM paves the way for higher order modulation schemes for subcarriers such as 16/64-QAM thus enabling bandwidth efficient transmission. Channel estimation is necessary for coherent reception. It is achieved by linear interpolation between consecutive pilot carriers, which are uniformly inserted into the OFDM symbol. About 10% of the bandwidth is dedicated to pilots which are also used for frequency correction purposes. This combination is possible through the insertion of fractionally spaced triple pilots. The proposed system has been simulated and implemented on a DSP-based modem using 512-OFDM and different modulation schemes for subcarriers. Simulations as well as measurements with a 60 GHz indoor transmission system have been carried out. Burst data rates of 50 Mbit/s (QPSK) and 100 Mbit/s (16-QAM) are achieved using 35 MHz bandwidth. 16-QAM is only possible with at least one directed antenna whereas QPSK is able to cope with the non-LOS case and 2 omnidirectional antennas.
Variable Kernel Estimates of Multivariate Densities (1977)

A class of density estimates using a superposition of kernels where the kernel parameter can depend on the nearest neighbor distances is studied by the use of simulated data. Their performance using several measures of error is superior to that of the usual Parzen estimators. A tentative solution is given to the problem of calibrating the kernel peakedness when faced with a finite sample set.
ChemInform Abstract: C24 and C25 Substituted Marcfortine A Derivatives. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.