gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Defective pH Regulation of Acidic Compartments in Human Breast Cancer Cells (MCF-7) Is Normalized in Adriamycin-Resistant Cells (MCF-7adr) (1996)

Alkalinization of normally acidic intracellular compartments or acidification of a mildly alkaline cytoplasm by biochemical or genetic manipulation has been demonstrated to inhibit both endocytosis and secretion (Tartakoff, 1983a; Cosson et al., 1989; Mellman et al., 1986; Davoust et al., 1987; Cosson et al., 1989; van Deurs et al., 1989; Maxfield & Yamashiro, 1991; Hansen et al., 1993). These results provide the basis for the conclusion that the maintenance of pH gradients between acidic vesicular compartments and a mildly alkaline cytoplasm is an essential biochemical requirement for the correct functioning of the endocytotic and secretory machinery. Tumor cells have been shown to have an abnormally acidic cytoplasmic pH (Warburg, 1956; Simon & Schindler, 1994). Here we report that the intracellular vesicular compartments in tumor cells (MCF-7) derived from a human breast cancer fail to acidify. This failure results in a significant decrease in the pH gradient (0.9 pH unit) between the vesicular luminal compartments and the cytoplasm. These defects are correlated with a disruption in the organization and function of the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and the pericentriolar recycling compartment (PRC). In marked distinction, drug-resistant tumor cells (MCF-7adr) derived from the MCF-7 line that are resistant to the most widely employed chemotherapeutic drug, adriamycin, appear normal in both acidification and organization of the PRC and TGN. Treatment of drug-resistant MCF-7adr cells with nigericin and monensin, ionophores demonstrated to disrupt vesicular acidification (Tartakoff, 1983b), leads to a resensitization of these cells to adriamycin. Drug sensitivity is proposed to result from an acidification defect within vesicles of the recycling and secretory pathways. A functional consequence of this defect is the diminished capacity of cells to remove cytotoxic drugs from the cytoplasm by sequestration of protonated drugs within the vesicles, followed by drug secretion through the activity of the secretory and recycling pathways.
Development of a Ku-Band Corrugated Conical Horn Using 3-D Print Technology (2014)

We present the development of a Ku-band (10-16 GHz) corrugated conical horn antenna using 3-D print technology or stereolithography. The antenna is printed using acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), a thermoplastic, and then coated with conductive aerosol paint. The designed antenna achieves a measured peak gain of 19.6 dBi at 16 GHz with a 1.92:1 VSWR from 11 to 18 GHz. It is shown that 3-D printing is capable of producing sufficient feature sizes that make operation in the microwave/millimeter-wave (MMW) bands possible.
The pharmaceutical and biological availability of commercial preparations of furosemide. (1982)

The pharmaceutical and biological availability of 8 commercial furosemide preparations (6 tablets and 2 preparations with modified release of active ingredient) have been investigated. Two of the tablet preparations showed different rates of drug release in vitro. Additionally they were found to differ significantly in their bioavailability with respect to the maximal plasma concentrations attained after oral administration to healthy volunteers. Bioavailability of the preparations with modified release properties--an enteric-coated tablet and a sustained release preparation in the form of a capsule containing diffusion pellets--was calculated to 80% of that of the rapid releasing tablet used as a standard. Correlations were obtained between the rate of dissolution measured with different techniques and the area under the plasma concentration time curve.
Characterization of α<sub>2</sub>-Adrenoceptor Subtypes in Pregnant Human Myometrium (1998)

The aim of the present investigation was to determine which subtypes of the alpha2-adrenoceptors are being expressed in the human pregnant myometrium at term pregnancy. In radioligand binding studies, the specific binding of [3H]rauwolscine to human myometrial membranes was specific and of high affinity with Kd of 2.8 +/- 0.6 nMand Bmax of 95 +/- 5 fmol/mg protein. Results from competition for the binding of [3H]rauwolscine using subtype-selective ligands, oxymetazoline (alpha2A-subptype), chlorpromazine (alpha2B-subtype) and prazosin (alpha2B-alpha2C-subtype), suggested that the alpha2A- and alpha2B-subtypes are being co-expressed. In order to examine if also the alpha2C-subtype is being expressed we used an optimal concentration of oxymetazoline or chlorpromazine which would block the high-affinity site, equivalent to the alpha2A- and alpha2B-subtype respectively. Competition curves of both oxymetazoline and chlorpromazine still showed a significantly better fit using a two-site model, suggesting that the alpha2C-subtype also is being expressed. The expression of alpha2C-subtype mRNA was confirmed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction on mRNA isolated from myometrial biopsies. In conclusion, our results suggest that all three subtypes of alpha2-adrenoceptors are being coexpressed in the human myometrium at term pregnancy and that alpha2-expression is dominated by the alpha2A-subtype.
Effect of neurotropin upon SART-stress states in mice and rats (1975)

われわれは前報で，動物の飼育環境温度リズムを変更することによってマウスおよびラットに特殊なストレス(SARTストレス)状態を作り，さらにこれらの生体機能は異常に変化していることを報告した．次いで今回はSARTストレス動物の異常性に対するノイロトロピンや数種の向精神薬その他の効果を報告する．ノイロトロピンというのは生きたままの牛痘ウィルスを接種したウサギの皮膚または組織から分離した多くのpolysaccarideを含む抽出液である．ノイロトロピンはマウスやラットのSARTストレスによる体重の減少を正常値まで回復した．しかしワクシニアウィルスを処置していないウサギの健全な皮膚からの抽出液を投与してもこの体重減少は回復しなかった．Chlorpromazine(Cp)，reserpine(Rp)，diazepam(DZ)，imprimanineあるいはdiphenhydraminを注射しても体重減少は回復しなかった．SARTストレス動物の呼吸数の微増とバラツキの増大はノイロトロピンの使用により回復し，QRS時間の延長は前記薬物のいずれによっても正常値に近くまで回復した．Magnus氏法で調べた十二指腸のACh感受性の低下はノイロトロピンの投与により回復した．ラットのGSRテストではSARTストレスによって生じた皮膚電気抵抗の減少，反応性の増大および反応持続時間の短縮がノイロトロピンの投与により著しく回復し，次いでDZや-hydroxy-γ-aminobutyric acid(GABOB)によって回復した．以上の結果を総括すると，SARTストレスに対してノイロトロピンは最も効果的で，次いでDZやGABOBが有効であった．しかしmajor tranquilizerであるCpやRpによっては全く効果が見られなかった．
Analysis of T cell receptor transcripts using the polymerase chain reaction. (1990)

The immune system is composed of two major types of lymphocytes, called B and T cells, that recognize foreign antigens. Recognition of antigens is accomplished through the generation of a large repertoire of different cell surface receptors, called immunoglobulins (Igs) on B cells and T cell receptors (TCRs) on T cells. The elucidation of Ig structure and molecular genetics preceded that of the TCR because of the greater abundance of Ig protein and mRNA. Although studies of TCRs have recently shed light on many of the issues of T cell recognition, the process of examining TCR gene structure has been tedious. Such analyses are also difficult because of the time required for the production, maintenance, and culturing of T cell clones. This report describes several strategies that use the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to analyze very rapidly the structure of TCRs. Specific manipulations of the amplified material are discussed, as are the advantages of using the PCR to study TCR diversity.
Reducing hypothalamic AGRP by RNA interference increases metabolic rate and decreases body weight without influencing food intake (2002)

AGRP can function to increase body weight and reduce metabolic rate without influencing food intake. The present study demonstrates that RNAI protocols can be used to assess physiological function of neuronal genes in vivo.
From the Editors (2005)

No AccessPerspectives on Administration and SupervisionEditorial1 Oct 2005From the Editors Nancy B. Robinson and Shelley Victor Nancy B. Robinson Google Scholar More articles by this author and Shelley Victor Google Scholar More articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1044/aas15.3.2 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In "From the Editors." Perspectives on Administration and Supervision, 15(3), p. 2 Additional Resources FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 15Issue 3October 2005Pages: 2-2 Get Permissions Add to your Mendeley library History Published in issue: Oct 1, 2005 Metrics Topicsasha-topicsleader-topicsasha-sigsasha-article-typesCopyright & Permissions© 2005 American Speech-Language-Hearing AssociationPDF DownloadLoading ...
Periodontal disease, tooth loss and incident rheumatoid arthritis: results from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and its epidemiological follow‐up study (2011)

Although participants with periodontal disease or ≥5 missing teeth experienced higher odds of prevalent/incident RA, most ORs were non-statistically significant and lacked dose-responsiveness. Differential RA ascertainment bias complicated the interpretation of these data.
Carotid Arteriotomy Closure Using a Vascular Clip System (1998)

As a result of this small study, we determined that clip closure of carotid arteriotomies was feasible, but it remains questionable whether the increased speed of a sutureless closure is clinically important for this procedure. Concerns regarding the strength of clip closure of an endarterectomized vessel and the cost of clip closure compared with standard suture techniques suggest that there may be no clinically significant benefits of arterial clip closure over suture closure after carotid endarterectomy, and there is potentially some risk.
Similarities and differences between DNA of Cryptosporidium parvum and C. wrairi detected by the polymerase chain reaction. (1994)

The objective of this study was to determine if primers, probes, and pHC1, a plasmid containing a 2.3 kilobase insert of genomic DNA from Cryptosporidium parvum, would be useful for the detection of Cryptosporidium wrairi DNA using the polymerase chain reaction. C. wrairi DNA was prepared from oocysts recovered from guinea pigs and C. parvum DNA was prepared from the Iowa strain of C. parvum. Two 26-(bp) primers were used to amplify a 452-base pair bp target sequence within the cloned DNA. Similarly-sized PCR products were obtained with the pHC1 plasmid DNA, C. parvum DNA, and C. wrairi DNA. However, a 20-base pair probe did not detect C. wrairi DNA. Sequencing of C. wrairi DNA homologous with the 452-bp segment of C. parvum DNA showed 18 bp changes including bp changes in the segment homologous with the probe. A new probe based on homologous sequences was useful for detection of both species of cryptosporidia. The sequences of the homologous 452-bp segment from the Iowa strain of C. parvum and that segment of C. parvum DNA from the pHC1 plasmid were very similar. Nine base pairs identical in the homologous bp segment of the Iowa strain of C. parvum, C. wrairi and the pHC1 plasmid differed from those previously reported. Previously reported primers and a newly designed probe proved to be useful for detecting C. wrairi DNA.
Gut Microbiota Composition in Male Rat Models under Different Nutritional Status and Physical Activity and Its Association with Serum Leptin and Ghrelin Levels (2013)

Nutritional status and physical activity alter gut microbiota composition affecting the diversity and similarity. This study highlights the associations between gut microbiota and appetite-regulating hormones that may be important in terms of satiety and host metabolism.
Improving shadow suppression in moving object detection with HSV color information (2002)

Video-surveillance and traffic analysis systems can be heavily improved using vision-based techniques able to extract, manage and track objects in the scene. However, problems arise due to shadows. In particular, moving shadows can affect the correct localization, measurements and detection of moving objects. This work aims to present a technique for shadow detection and suppression used in a system for moving visual object detection and tracking. The major novelty of the shadow detection technique is the analysis carried out in the HSV color space to improve the accuracy in detecting shadows. Signal processing and optic motivations of the approach proposed are described. The integration and exploitation of the shadow detection module into the system are outlined and experimental results are shown and evaluated.
Evidence of self-correcting spiral flows in swimming boxfishes (2008)

The marine boxfishes have rigid keeled exteriors (carapaces) unlike most fishes, yet exhibit high stability, high maneuverability and relatively low drag given their large cross-sectional area. These characteristics lend themselves well to bioinspired design. Based on previous stereolithographic boxfish model experiments, it was determined that vortical flows develop around the carapace keels, producing self-correcting forces that facilitate swimming in smooth trajectories. To determine if similar self-correcting flows occur in live, actively swimming boxfishes, two species of boxfishes (Ostracion meleagris and Lactophrys triqueter) were induced to swim against currents in a water tunnel, while flows around the fishes were quantified using digital particle image velocimetry. Significant pitch events were rare and short lived in the fishes examined. When these events were observed, spiral flows around the keels qualitatively similar to those observed around models were always present, with greater vortex circulation occurring as pitch angles deviated from 0 degrees . Vortex circulation was higher in live fishes than models presumably because of pectoral fin interaction with the keel-induced flows. The ability of boxfishes to modify their underlying self-correcting system with powered fin control is important for achieving high levels of both stability and maneuverability. Although the challenges of performing stability and maneuverability research on fishes are significant, the results of this study together with future studies employing innovative new approaches promise to provide valuable inspiration for the designers of bioinspired aquatic vehicles.
Metabolism of L-beta-lysine by a Pseudomonas. Purification and properties of a deacetylase-thiolesterase utilizing 4-acetamidobutyryl CoA and related compounds. (1981)

A deacetylase-thiolesterase that cleaves both the amide and thiolester bonds of 4-acetamidobutyryl CoA has been highly purified from extracts of Pseudomonas B4 grown in a medium containing L-beta-lysine (3,6-diaminohexanoate) as the main energy source. The enzyme has a molecular weight of about 275,000 and contains 8 apparently identical subunits of 36,500 daltons. Products of 4-acetamidobutyryl CoA degradation are stoichiometric amounts of CoASH and acetate, variable amounts of 4-aminobutyrate and its lactam, 2-pyrrolidinone, and a little 4-acetamidobutyrate. The relative yields of 4-aminobutyrate and 2-pyrrolidinone are determined by the enzyme level. At high enzyme levels the 4-aminobutyrate/pyrrolidinone ratio is about 2, whereas at low enzyme levels only pyrrolidinone is formed. Under the latter conditions, 4-aminobutyryl CoA accumulates transiently and is converted nonenzymatically to pyrrolidinone and CoASH. Since the enzyme does not form 4-aminobutyrate from synthetic or enzymatically formed 4-aminobutyryl CoA, we conclude that a 4-aminobutyryl CoA-enzyme complex is the actual precursor of 4-aminobutyrate, whereas free 4-aminobutyryl CoA is the precursor of pyrrolidinone. Several analogs of 4-acetamidobutyryl CoA containing different amino acid or amide moieties, and several simple acyl CoA compounds are utilized by the enzyme; 4-propionamidobutyryl CoA and 5-acetamidovaleryl CoA are most readily decomposed. Acetyl CoA is a very poor substrate. 3-Acetamidopropionyl CoA is first converted to acetate and beta-alanyl CoA and the latter compound is slowly hydrolyzed to beta-alanine and CoASH. Little deacetylase-thiolesterase is formed by bacteria grown in absence of beta-lysine, but another thiolesterase, lacking deacetylase activity, is produced. The deacetylase-thiolesterase catalyzes an essential step in the aerobic degradation of L-beta-lysine.
Computational Molecular Evolution (2006)

Abstract The field of molecular evolution has experienced explosive growth in recent years due to the rapid accumulation of genetic sequence data, continuous improvements to computer hardware and software, and the development of sophisticated analytical methods. The increasing availability of large genomic data sets requires powerful statistical methods to analyse and interpret them, generating both computational and conceptual challenges for the field. This book provides a comprehensive coverage of modern statistical and computational methods used in molecular evolutionary analysis, such as maximum likelihood and Bayesian statistics. It describes the models, methods and algorithms that are most useful for analysing the ever-increasing supply of molecular sequence data, with a view to furthering our understanding of the evolution of genes and genomes. The book emphasizes essential concepts rather than mathematical proofs. It includes detailed derivations and implementation details, as well as numerous illustrations, worked examples, and exercises.
Evidence for a hepatic-renal antagonism in the production of hepatic erythropoietin. (1983)

A tandem perfusion of the liver and kidneys of hepatectomized (hepx) rats was performed to ascertain the precise levels and time of appearance of the previously reported hepatic erythropoietic factor (HEF) and its antagonist, the renal inhibitory factor (RIF). Hepatic erythropoietic factor is produced by the hepx animal and is capable of augmenting the hepatic erythropoietin (Ep) response to hypoxia when administered to normal rats, whereas RIF acts to diminish this Ep response. Renal inhibitory factor does not directly affect Ep but appears to alter its synthesis owing to an inhibition to HEF production and/or action. In the present study, levels of HEF and RIF were determined at different intervals following hepx by in situ perfusion of the livers and kidneys of these animals. Levels of HEF are significantly higher than controls in rats at 24 to 72 hrs post hepx whereas its antagonist, the RIF, is not detectable until between 48 and 72 hrs after hepx. Inhibition of RIF of the hepatic Ep response is nearly total by 96 hrs following surgery. In previous studies, an increase in the hepatic Ep response to hypoxia was noted from 24 to 72 hrs after hepx. Peak hepatic Ep levels occurred at 72 hrs post hepx and declined thereafter, manifesting near normal hepatic Ep levels at 96 hrs after hepx. The present study provides an explanation for these findings by demonstrating that production of Ep by the hepx animal is dependent on the relative levels of a stimulatory (HEF) and an inhibitory (RIF) factor.
Analysis of the functional and host range-determining regions of the murine ectropic and amphotropic retrovirus envelope proteins (1993)

A series of Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV) envelope gene constructs were analyzed for biological activity. Three classes of recombinant envelopes were examined: insertions, deletions, and chimeras. Insertion (4 to 5 amino acids) and deletion (31 to 62 amino acids) mutants spanned most of the SU (gp70)-coding region and were all biologically inactive. Radioimmunoprecipitation demonstrated that the mutant envelope proteins were incorrectly processed. The Pr80env envelope precursor proteins failed to obtain the proper posttranslational modifications and were not cleaved into SU (gp70) and TM (p15E), suggesting that disruption of Pr80env structure prevents intracellular transport and processing. To analyze the functional domains of the SU portion of the Env protein, we assembled several chimeric constructs. In these constructs, portions of the ecotropic Mo-MuLV envelope gene were replaced with corresponding sequences from the 4070A amphotropic MuLV envelope. Using a retroviral vector pseudotyping assay, 5 of 12 chimeric envelope proteins were shown to be biologically active. Host range was determined by retroviral vector transduction of the appropriate cell, by viral interference studies, and by the productive infection of Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the murine ecotropic receptor. These results permit assignment of the amino acids responsible for host range determination. Ecotropic host range is determined by the first 88 amino acids of the Mo-MuLV SU, while the amphotropic host range-determining region spans the first 157 amino acids of the 4070A SU.
Low copy number gene transfer and stable expression in a commercial wheat cultivar via particle bombardment (2006)

Two groups of linear gene constructs (gus and bar, and 1Ax1 and bar) lacking vector backbone sequences were independently transferred into the elite wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety EM12, and genetically stable transgenic plants with low copy number transgene integration were recovered. Co-transformation experiments were carried out in parallel using either circular whole plasmid(s) or linear gene cassettes which were purified from the same plasmid by restrictive digestion, each cassette consisting of a promoter, an open reading frame, and a terminator. Six transgenic wheat lines transformed with 1Ax1 plus bar gene cassettes, five lines with gus plus bar gene cassettes, three lines with p1Ax1 plus pAHC20, and two lines with pAHC25 were regenerated with transformation frequencies of 0.6, 0.5, 0.3, and 0.2%, respectively. Southern blotting analysis showed that there were 1-4 hybridizing bands in transgenic lines carrying gene cassettes, of which most lines displayed single-copy transgene insertion. Expression analyses showed that 50.5% of the T1 lines carrying gus plus bar gene cassettes have the expression signals of two genes. SDS-PAGE analysis of the T1 generation revealed that 71% of herbicide-resistant plants carrying 1Ax1 plus bar gene cassettes expressed the high molecular weight subunit 1Ax1 in the endosperm. Gene cassettes were transmitted and segregated in the subsequent generations, in simple Mendelian ratios. In addition, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results confirmed that 1Ax1 gene cassettes were expressed specifically in the endosperm of the transgenic wheat plant. It is proposed that gene transfer using multiple gene cassettes offers an efficient and rapid method to obtain the single-copy transgenic wheat.
The Dominance of Arginine-Containing Peptides in MALDI-Derived Tryptic Mass Fingerprints of Proteins (1999)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is a powerful tool for mass finger-printing of peptide mixtures obtained after enzymatic ingel digestion of proteins separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). In the course of a proteome analysis of mycobacteria using mass spectrometric identification, it was found that 94% of the most intense MALDI-MS peaks denote peptides bearing arginine at the C-terminal end. The effect was demonstrated to be equally prominent using an equimolar mixture of the synthetic peptides known to be present in the tryptic digest of the mycobacterial 35 kDa antigen ("synthetic mass map"). In addition, several binary mixtures of synthetic peptides differing exclusively at the C terminus (Arg or Lys) were examined to rationalize the higher sensitivity toward arginine-containing peptides. The extent of the effect described depends on the matrix used and may facilitate a more reliable assignment of mass fingerprint data to protein sequences in databases.
INFECTION OF HUMAN AND SIMIAN TISSUE CULTURES WITH ROUS SARCOMA VIRUS (1964)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.