gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Catabolism of human γG-immunoglobulins of different heavy chain subclasses (1968)

The rates of catabolism of human gammaG-immunoglobulins of subclasses gammaG(1), gammaG(2), gammaG(3), and gammaG(4) were studied by determining the rates of elimination from the circulation of pairs of (131)I-and (125)I-labeled gammaG-myeloma proteins in 57 patients suffering from cancer other than multiple myeloma. On the average, gammaG(1)-, gammaG(2)-, and gammaG(4)-myeloma proteins were catabolized at a rate similar to that of normal gammaG-immunoglobulin, whereas gammaG(3)-myeloma proteins were catabolized more rapidly than normal gammaG-immunoglobulin. The average half-lives for the myeloma proteins were 12.3 days for normal gammaG, 11.6 days for gammaG(1), 12.4 days for gammaG(2), 8.2 days for gammaG(3), and 11.3 days for gammaG(4). However, significant differences in catabolic rates were observed when individual myeloma proteins of a single subclass were compared. These individual variations were present within all four heavy chain subclasses. The extent of differences ranged from 10 to 47%. The catabolic rate of normal gammaG was in an intermediate range when compared with myeloma proteins of relatively long and short half-lives. The rate of catabolism of an individual myeloma protein did not correlate with its light chain type, Gm factor, carbohydrate content, or electrophoretic mobility. These findings indicate that the structure(s) related to the catabolism of gammaG-immunoglobulins are complex and differ from one immunoglobulin molecule to another.
801 storage: architecture and programming (1988)

Based on novel architecture, the 801 minicomputer project has developed a low-level storage manager that can significantly simplify storage programming in subsystems and applications. The storage manager embodies three ideas: (1) large virtual storage , to contain all temporary data and permanent files for the active programs; (2) the innovation of database storage , which has implicit properties of access serializability and atomic update, similar to those of database transaction systems; and (3) access to all storage, including files, by the usual operations and types of a high-level programming language . The IBM RT PC implements the hardware architecture necessary for these storage facilities in its storage controller (MMU). The storage manager and language elements required, as well as subsystems and applications that use them, have been implemented and studied in a prototype operating system called CPR, that runs on the RT PC. Low cost and good performance are achieved in both hardware and software. The design is intended to be extensible across a wide performance/cost spectrum.
Detection of a Novel Strain of Porcine Circovirus in Pigs with Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (1998)

Swine infectious agents, especially viruses, are potential public health risks associated with the use of pig organs for xenotransplantation in humans. Therefore, there is a need for better characterization of swine viruses and for the development of diagnostic tests for their detection. We report here isolation of a novel strain of porcine circovirus (PCV) from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Affected pigs exhibited severe interstitial pneumonia and lymphoid depletion. The complete nucleotide sequence (1,768 nucleotides) of the genome of the PCV isolate was determined and compared with the sequence of the PCV strain isolated from PK-15 cells. Sequence comparison revealed significant differences between the two PCV strains, with an overall DNA homology of 76%. Two major open reading frames (ORFs) were identified. ORF1 was more conserved between the two strains, with 83% nucleotide homology and 86% amino acid homology. ORF2 was more variable, with nucleotide homology of 67% and amino acid homology of 65%. PCR and in situ hybridization demonstrated abundant viral DNA in various organs of pigs with PMWS. In situ hybridization demonstrated that this strain of PCV targets multiple organs and infects macrophages, lymphocytes, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells.
Bioremediation of organic compounds — putting microbial metabolism to work (1993)

Microorganisms can metabolize many aliphatic and aromatic organic contaminants, either to obtain carbon and/or energy for growth, or as co-substrates, thus converting them to products such as carbon dioxide, water, chloride and biomass. These biotransformations can be exploited for treatment of contaminated soils and ground water.
PROFILE: metanoia (1991)

In past issues we have done profiles of The Karuna Institute (November 1989), The Open Centre (July 1990) and CAER (January 1991). In the July issue we hope to print one of the IDHP—The Institute for the Development of Human Potential. Towards the end of the year we should be able to print a profile of IPSS—the Institute for Psychotherapy and Social Studies. In this issue we are printing the first part of a profile of metanoia which is one of the main London based training centres and a member of UKSCP—the United Kingdom Standing Conference for Psychotherapy. The second part of this profile will appear in our May issue.
In vitro calibration of the capacitance method (Corneometer CM 825) and conductance method (Skicon‐200) for the evaluation of the hydration state of the skin (1997)

In vitro calibration of the capacitance method is now possible with this simulation model of the horny layer. Furthermore, determination of the range of sensitivity, accuracy, repeatability and depth of detection of the measuring probe of the capacitance and conductance method were carried out.
Production of Skatole and para -Cresol by a Rumen Lactobacillus sp (1981)

The objective of this study was to examine the substrate specificity of several ruminal strains of a Lactobacillus sp. which previously was shown to produce skatole (3-methylindole) by the decarboxylation of indoleacetic acid. A total of 13 compounds were tested for decarboxylase activity. The Lactobacillus strains produced p-cresol (4-methylphenol) by the decarboxylation of p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, but did not produce either o-cresol or m-cresol from the corresponding hydroxyphenylacetic acid isomers. These strains also decarboxylated 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid to 5-hydroxyskatole and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid to methylcatechol. Skatole and p-cresol were produced in a 0.5:1 ratio, when indoleacetic acid and p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid were combined in equimolar concentrations. Competition studies with indoleacetic acid and p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid suggested that two different decarboxylating enzymes are involved in the production of skatole and p-cresol by these strains. This is the first demonstration of both skatole production and p-cresol production by a single bacterium.
Fibronectin matrix assembly enhances adhesion-dependent cell growth (1998)

Cell growth control in non-transformed cells depends, in part, on adhesive interactions with the extracellular matrix. Following injury, excess or altered fibronectin deposition into the extracellular matrix may contribute to the pathogenesis of fibrosis and atherosclerosis by triggering changes in specific cell functions associated with wound repair, including cell proliferation and migration. To assess the role of fibronectin polymerization on cell growth, we isolated mouse embryonic cells that lack endogenous fibronectin (fibronectin-null cells) and established them in culture under serum-free conditions. These fibronectin-null cells do not produce any detectable fibronectin, but are capable of assembling a fibronectin matrix when cultured in the presence of exogenously added fibronectin. Our data indicate that adhesion-dependent growth in fibronectin-null cells is dramatically increased (>2-5x) by culturing cells in the presence of fibronectin. This fibronectin-induced cell growth was blocked by inhibiting fibronectin matrix assembly. Arg-Gly-Asp peptides or fragments of fibronectin that contain the Arg-Gly-Asp cell binding site promoted clustering of the (&agr ;)5beta1 integrin in focal adhesions, but did not enhance cell growth. These data indicate that the polymerization of fibronectin into the extracellular matrix positively regulates cell growth, and that occupancy and clustering of fibronectin-binding integrins alone are not sufficient to trigger increased cell growth.
Revisiting the Single Cell Protein Application of Cupriavidus necator H16 and Recovering Bioplastic Granules Simultaneously (2013)

Cupriavidus necator H16 (formerly known as Hydrogenomonas eutropha) was famous as a potential single cell protein (SCP) in the 1970s. The drawback however was the undesirably efficient accumulation of non-nutritive polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) storage compound in the cytoplasm of this bacterium. Eventually, competition from soy-based protein resulted in SCP not receiving much attention. Nevertheless, C. necator H16 remained in the limelight as a producer of PHB, which is a material that resembles commodity plastics such as polypropylene. PHB is a 100% biobased and biodegradable polyester. Although tremendous achievements have been attained in the past 3 decades in the efficient production of PHB, this bioplastic is still costly. One of the main problems has been the recovery of PHB from the cell cytoplasm. In this study, we showed for the first time that kilogram quantities of PHB can be easily recovered in the laboratory without the use of any solvents and chemicals, just by using the cells as SCP. In addition, the present study also demonstrated the safety and tolerability of animal model used, Sprague Dawley given lyophilized cells of C. necator H16. The test animals readily produced fecal pellets that were whitish in color, as would be expected of PHB granules. The pellets were determined to contain about 82-97 wt% PHB and possessed molecular mass of around 930 kg/mol. The PHB granules recovered biologically possessed similar molecular mass compared to chloroform extracted PHB [950 kg/mol]. This method now allows the production and purification of substantial quantities of PHB for various experimental trials. The method reported here is easy, does not require expensive instrumentation, scalable and does not involve extensive use of solvents and strong chemicals.
Oncomodulatory signals by regulatory proteins encoded by human cytomegalovirus: a novel role for viral infection in tumor progression (2003)

A high frequency of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) genome and antigens in tumor samples of patients with different malignancies is now well documented, although the causative role for HCMV in the development of the neoplasias remains to be established. HCMV infection can modulate multiple cellular regulatory and signalling pathways in a manner similar to that of oncoproteins of small DNA tumor viruses such as human papilloma virus or adenoviruses. However, in contrast to these DNA tumor viruses, HCMV infection fails to transform susceptible normal human cells. There is now growing evidence that tumor cells with disrupted regulatory and signalling pathways enable HCMV to modulate their properties including stimulation of cell proliferation, survival, invasion, production of angiogenic factors, and immunogenic properties. In contrast to previously suggested "hit and run" transformation we suggest that persistence in tumor cells is essential for HCMV to fully express its oncomodulatory effects. These effects are observed particularly in persistent HCMV infection and are mediated mainly by activity of HCMV regulatory proteins. In persistently HCMV-infected tumor cell lines - a selection of novel, slowly growing virus variants with changes in coding sequences for virus regulatory proteins takes place. As a result, oncomodulatory effects of HCMV infection may lead to a shift to more malignant phenotype of tumor cells contributing to tumor progression.
Quinone Reduction via Secondary B-Branch Electron Transfer in Mutant Bacterial Reaction Centers (2003)

Symmetry-related branches of electron-transfer cofactors-initiating with a primary electron donor (P) and terminating in quinone acceptors (Q)-are common features of photosynthetic reaction centers (RC). Experimental observations show activity of only one of them-the A branch-in wild-type bacterial RCs. In a mutant RC, we now demonstrate that electron transfer can occur along the entire, normally inactive B-branch pathway to reduce the terminal acceptor Q(B) on the time scale of nanoseconds. The transmembrane charge-separated state P(+)Q(B)(-) is created in this manner in a Rhodobacter capsulatus RC containing the F(L181)Y-Y(M208)F-L(M212)H-W(M250)V mutations (YFHV). The W(M250)V mutation quantitatively blocks binding of Q(A), thereby eliminating Q(B) reduction via the normal A-branch pathway. Full occupancy of the Q(B) site by the native UQ(10) is ensured (without the necessity of reconstitution by exogenous quinone) by purification of RCs with the mild detergent, Deriphat 160-C. The lifetime of P(+)Q(B)(-) in the YFHV mutant RC is >6 s (at pH 8.0, 298 K). This charge-separated state is not formed upon addition of competitive inhibitors of Q(B) binding (terbutryn or stigmatellin). Furthermore, this lifetime is much longer than the value of approximately 1-1.5 s found when P(+)Q(B)(-) is produced in the wild-type RC by A-side activity alone. Collectively, these results demonstrate that P(+)Q(B)(-) is formed solely by activity of the B-branch carriers in the YFHV RC. In comparison, P(+)Q(B)(-) can form by either the A or B branches in the YFH RC, as indicated by the biexponential lifetimes of approximately 1 and approximately 6-10 s. These findings suggest that P(+)Q(B)(-) states formed via the two branches are distinct and that P(+)Q(B)(-) formed by the B side does not decay via the normal (indirect) pathway that utilizes the A-side cofactors when present. These differences may report on structural and energetic factors that further distinguish the functional asymmetry of the two cofactor branches.
New Generation Cooperatives and Cooperative Theory (1996)

North Dakota and Minnesota are currently witnessing a renewal in the growth of cooperative enterprises. At the heart of this renewal lies the so-called New Generation Cooperative (NGC), a term that has been applied to the dozens of value-added processing, selected membership cooperatives that have recently formed in the region's agricultural sector. A key organizational feature of NGCs is the linking of producer capital contributions and product delivery rights. This paper describes the organizational features of NGCs and positions them in the broader context of cooperative incentive structures, governance structures, and the cooperative development process. More generally, the paper uses NGCs as a lens through which important elements of cooperative theory can be reviewed.
Monodisperse MFe2O4 (M = Fe, Co, Mn) Nanoparticles (2003)

High-temperature solution phase reaction of iron(III) acetylacetonate, Fe(acac)(3), with 1,2-hexadecanediol in the presence of oleic acid and oleylamine leads to monodisperse magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)) nanoparticles. Similarly, reaction of Fe(acac)(3) and Co(acac)(2) or Mn(acac)(2) with the same diol results in monodisperse CoFe(2)O(4) or MnFe(2)O(4) nanoparticles. Particle diameter can be tuned from 3 to 20 nm by varying reaction conditions or by seed-mediated growth. The as-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles have a cubic spinel structure as characterized by HRTEM, SAED, and XRD. Further, Fe(3)O(4) can be oxidized to Fe(2)O(3), as evidenced by XRD, NEXAFS spectroscopy, and SQUID magnetometry. The hydrophobic nanoparticles can be transformed into hydrophilic ones by adding bipolar surfactants, and aqueous nanoparticle dispersion is readily made. These iron oxide nanoparticles and their dispersions in various media have great potential in magnetic nanodevice and biomagnetic applications.
Picosecond infrared laser stimulation of luminescence in CaS:Eu,Sm (1999)

The response and decay time of the optically stimulated luminescence of electron trapping material CaS:Eu,Sm to ultrashort infrared pulse has been measured by projecting two 1.064 μm laser pulses on the photocathode of a streak camera, one illuminates ETM screen on the photocathode, another illuminates the photocathode after a frequency doubling. The result indicates that the response and decay time is less than 14.3 ps. The decay law of the infrared upconversion luminescence followed by CaS:Eu,Sm is also presented. The work shows that this kind of electron trapping materials could be widely used in the rapid infrared upconversion and detection.
Service Creation Technologies for the Intelligent Network (1991)

An intelligent network lets a switch query a network node for help in completing a call. Such a node, for example, can translate an 800 number into a true network address. The network service provider often creates the logic in an intelligent network, but frequently that logic is written by sophisticated subscribers (business customers). Since subscribers can create their own service logic, the service creation system must ensure that such customized logic will not cause the network node to fail or in any way affect the service of other subscribers. Service creation technologies are the tools and technical infrastructure designed specifically to help create and update services. AT&T has created software tools to support application-oriented languages. Its service creation technologies are evolving to meet service provider and service subscriber demands for more control over the services they provide and use.
Moving Genetic Algorithm Based Fuzzy Modeling (1999)

We propose an approach to Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy modeling via a genetic algorithm consisting of 2 tuning steps - coarse and fine. A moving genetic algorithm (MGA) is proposed and used for fine tuning to obtain robust modeling results. Simulation results demonstrate the algorithm’s validity.
Property-Based Design:  Optimization of Drug Absorption and Pharmacokinetics (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPerspectiveNEXTProperty-Based Design: Optimization of Drug Absorption and PharmacokineticsHan van de Waterbeemd, Dennis A. Smith, Kevin Beaumont, and Don K. WalkerView Author Information Department of Drug Metabolism, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich Laboratories, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K. Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2001, 44, 9, 1313–1333Publication Date (Web):March 29, 2001Publication History Received15 September 2000Published online29 March 2001Published inissue 1 April 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm000407ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm000407ereview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views8744Altmetric-Citations496LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Absorption,Metabolism,Peptides and proteins,Pharmaceuticals,Pharmacokinetics Get e-Alerts
Vaccination againstClostridium difficileusing toxin fragments (2014)

Clostridium difficile is a major cause of antibiotic associated diarrhea. Recently, we have shown that effective protection can be mediated in hamsters through the inclusion of specific recombinant fragments from toxin A and B in a systemically delivered vaccine. Interestingly while neutralizing antibodies to the binding domains of both toxin A and B are moderately protective, enhanced survival is observed when fragments from the glucosyltransferase region of toxin B replace those from the binding domain of this toxin. In this addendum, we discuss additional information that has been derived from such vaccination studies. This includes observations on efficacy and cross-protection against different ribotypes mediated by these vaccines and the challenges that remain for a vaccine which prevents clinical symptoms but not colonization. The use and value of vaccination both in the prevention of infection and for treatment of disease relapse will be discussed.
Role of surface plasmons in the optical interaction in metallic gratings with narrow slits (2003)

We report an experimental study of the transmission of light through narrow slits in metallic gratings (Ag layer thickness of 100–400 nm, grating period of 370 or 780 nm, and slit width of 30–100 nm). Peak transmission of ∼60% is observed for TM polarization at a wavelength redshifted from the point of surface plasmon (SP) resonance at the metal/substrate interface. At the transmission minima, the angular dependence of reflection shows a sharp peak with minimum loss of optical power. Two types of surface plasmon excitation are found responsible for the observed transmission dips: (1) the SP resonance along the planes that comprise either the metal/air or metal/substrate interfaces and (2) the SP resonance localized along the surface that encloses each metal island separated by slits.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OFNEURODEGENERATION (2003)

Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and motor neuron disease share a propensity to occur with increasing age and as either a sporadic or a familial disorder. A number of behavioral and environmental risk factors have been proposed for each disorder, but most associations lack consistency and specificity. Over the last decade the remarkable frequency of these disorders has become apparent, and the identification of mutations in genes has provided the means to understand their pathogenesis. Better and more accurate means to characterize and diagnose these diseases has greatly facilitated analytic epidemiology. The analysis of behavioral and genetic factors that may lower disease risk has led to clinical trials that are either in progress or being planned with the aim of preventing these disorders.
Oral beclometasone dipropionate in the treatment of extensive and left‐sided active ulcerative colitis: a multicentre randomised study (2003)

Oral BDP gave an overall treatment result in patients with active ulcerative colitis without signs of systemic side-effects.