gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toward a Rational Design of Poly(2,7-Carbazole) Derivatives for Solar Cells (2007)

On the basis of theoretical models and calculations, several alternating polymeric structures have been investigated to develop optimized poly(2,7-carbazole) derivatives for solar cell applications. Selected low band gap alternating copolymers have been obtained via a Suzuki coupling reaction. A good correlation between DFT theoretical calculations performed on model compounds and the experimental HOMO, LUMO, and band gap energies of the corresponding polymers has been obtained. This study reveals that the alternating copolymer HOMO energy level is mainly fixed by the carbazole moiety, whereas the LUMO energy level is mainly related to the nature of the electron-withdrawing comonomer. However, solar cell performances are not solely driven by the energy levels of the materials. Clearly, the molecular weight and the overall organization of the polymers are other important key parameters to consider when developing new polymers for solar cells. Preliminary measurements have revealed hole mobilities of about 1 x 10(-3) cm2 x V(-1) x s(-1) and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 3.6%. Further improvements are anticipated through a rational design of new symmetric low band gap poly(2,7-carbazole) derivatives.
Post-stabilization for rigid body simulation with contact and constraints (2004)

Rigid body dynamics with contact constraints can be solved locally using linear complementarity techniques. However, these techniques do not impose the original constraints and need stabilization. In this paper we show how constraint stabilization can also be done in a complementarity framework. Our technique effectively eliminates the drift problem for both equality and inequality constraints and requires no parameter tweaking. We describe results from an implemented system, and compare the new technique to the well known Baumgarte stabilization.
High-Performance Carbon Nanotube Complementary Electronics and Integrated Sensor Systems on Ultrathin Plastic Foil (2018)

The longtime vacancy of high-performance complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology on plastics is a non-negligible obstacle to the applications of flexible electronics with advanced functions, such as continuous health monitoring with in situ signal processing and wireless communication capabilities, in which high speed, low power consumption, and complex functionality are desired for integrated circuits (ICs). Here, we report the implementation of carbon nanotube (CNT)-based high-performance CMOS technology and its application for signal processing in an integrated sensor system for human body monitoring on ultrathin plastic foil with a thickness of 2.5 μm. The performances of both the p- and n-type CNT field-effect transistors (FETs) are excellent and symmetric on plastic foil with a low operation voltage of 2 V: width-normalized transconductances (gm/W) as high as 4.69 μS/μm and 5.45 μS/μm, width-normalized on-state currents reaching 5.85 μA/μm and 6.05 μA/μm, and mobilities up to 80.26 cm2·V–1·s–1 and 97.09 cm2·V–1·s–1, respectively, together with a current on/off ratio of approximately 105. The devices were mechanically robust, withstanding a curvature radius down to 124 μm. Utilizing these transistors, various high-performance CMOS digital ICs with rail-to-rail output and a ring oscillator on plastics with an oscillation frequency of 5 MHz were demonstrated. Furthermore, an ultrathin skin-mounted humidity sensor system with in situ frequency modulation signal processing capability was realized to monitor human body sweating.
Interference Alignment in Regenerating Codes for Distributed Storage: Necessity and Code Constructions (2011)

Regenerating codes are a class of recently developed codes for distributed storage that, like Reed-Solomon codes, permit data recovery from any arbitrary <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$k$</tex> </formula> of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$n$</tex> </formula> nodes. However regenerating codes possess in addition, the ability to repair a failed node by connecting to any arbitrary <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$d$</tex></formula> nodes and downloading an amount of data that is typically far less than the size of the data file. This amount of download is termed the repair bandwidth. Minimum storage regenerating (MSR) codes are a subclass of regenerating codes that require the least amount of network storage; every such code is a maximum distance separable (MDS) code. Further, when a replacement node stores data identical to that in the failed node, the repair is termed as exact.
Cellular senescence-like features of lung fibroblasts derived from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients (2015)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an age-related fatal disease with unknown etiology and no effective treatment. In this study, we show that primary cultures of fibroblasts derived from lung biopsies of IPF patients exhibited (i) accelerated replicative cellular senescence (CS); (ii) high resistance to oxidative-stress-induced cytotoxicity or CS; (iii) a CS-like morphology (even at the proliferative phase); and (iv) rapid accumulation of senescent cells expressing the myofibroblast marker α-SMA. Our findings suggest that CS could serve as a bridge connecting lung aging and its quite frequent outcome -- pulmonary fibrosis, and be an important player in the disease progression. Consequently, targeting senescent cells offers the potential of being a promising therapeutic approach.
Structural basis for tumor necrosis factor blockade with the therapeutic antibody golimumab (2018)

Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) is a proinflammatory cytokine, and elevated levels of TNFα in serum are associated with various autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), Crohn's disease (CD), psoriasis, and systemic lupus erythaematosus. TNFα performs its pleiotropic functions by binding to two structurally distinct transmembrane receptors, TNF receptor (TNFR) 1 and TNFR2. Antibody-based therapeutic strategies that block excessive TNFα signaling have been shown to be effective in suppressing such harmful inflammatory conditions. Golimumab (Simponi®) is an FDA-approved fully human monoclonal antibody targeting TNFα that has been widely used for the treatment of RA, AS, and CD. However, the structural basis underlying the inhibitory action of golimumab remains unclear. Here, we report the crystal structure of the Fv fragment of golimumab in complex with TNFα at a resolution of 2.73 Å. The resolved structure reveals that golimumab binds to a distinct epitope on TNFα that does not overlap with the binding residues of TNFR2. Golimumab exerts its inhibitory effect by preventing binding of TNFR1 and TNFR2 to TNFα by steric hindrance. Golimumab does not induce conformational changes in TNFα that could affect receptor binding. This mode of action is specific to golimumab among the four anti-TNFα therapeutic antibodies currently approved for clinical use.
Gene therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo in nude mice by adenoviral transfer of the escherichia coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase gene (2000)

Expression of viral or bacterial enzymes in tumor cells to convert nontoxic prodrugs into highly toxic metabolites is an attractive gene-therapeutic approach for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The Escherichia coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) converts purine analogs into freely diffusible metabolites, which are highly toxic to dividing and nondividing cells. We investigated the antitumor effects of PNP in the human HCC cell lines, HepG2, Hep3B, and HuH-7, and performed a comparison with herpes simplex thymidine kinase (TK). The genes for PNP, TK, and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) were delivered to HCC cells by identical adenoviral vectors. Fludarabine and ganciclovir (GCV) served as prodrugs for PNP and TK, respectively. Expression of PNP highly sensitized HCC cells to fludarabine treatment. Fludarabine concentrations between 0.5 and 1 microg/mL killed 100% of the cells expressing PNP with no detectable toxicity in control cells expressing EGFP. Expression of PNP in as few as 10% of HCC cells induced efficient killing of most bystander cells. Expression of TK followed by GCV treatment produced a potent growth inhibition but failed to kill all TK-expressing HCC cells. More importantly, the TK system exhibited a lower degree of bystander effect. Adenoviral delivery of PNP followed by fludarabine administration prevented subcutaneous and intrahepatic tumor formation in nude mice and was also effective for the treatment of established tumors. These results demonstrate the potential of the PNP/fludarabine system for the treatment of HCC.
Mosquito repellent action of neem (Azadirachta indica) oil. (1993)

Two percent neem oil mixed in coconut oil, when applied to the exposed body parts of human volunteers, provided complete protection for 12 h from the bites of all anopheline species. Application of neem oil is safe and can be used for protection from malaria in endemic countries.
Chemoprotection against cancer by induction of Phase 2 enzymes (2000)

Induction of Phase 2 enzymes is an effective and sufficient strategy for achieving protection against the toxic and neoplastic effects of many carcinogens. It is proposed that the concept of Phase 2 enzymes as being responsible only for the conjugation of functionalized xenobiotics with endogenous cellular ligands such as glutathione (glutathione S-transferases) and glucuronic acid (UDP-glucuronosyltransferases) be expanded to include proteins with the following common characteristics: (a) coordinate induction by a broad range of chemical agents that all have the capacity to react with sulfhydryl groups; (b) possible regulation by common promoter elements; and (c) catalysis of reactions that lead to comprehensive protection against electrophile and reactive oxygen toxicities, by a wide variety of mechanisms. These mechanisms include: conjugation with endogenous ligands, chemical modification of reactive features of molecules that can damage DNA and other macromolecules, and generation or augementation of cellular antioxidants. In addition to the above conjugating enzymes, a provisional and partial list of Phase 2 proteins might include: NAD(P)H:quinone reductase, epoxide hydrolase, dihydrodiol dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, heme oxygenase-1, leukotriene B4 dehydrogenase, aflatoxin B1 dehydrogenase, and ferritin.
Deadzone compensation in discrete time using adaptive fuzzy logic (2002)

A deadzone compensator inverse approach is designed for control of nonlinear discrete-time systems using a fuzzy logic (FL) controller. The classification property of FL systems makes them a natural candidate for the rejection of errors induced by the deadzone, which has regions in which it behaves differently. A discrete-time tuning algorithm is given for the FL parameters so that the deadzone compensation scheme becomes adaptive, guaranteeing small tracking errors and bounded parameter estimates. A rigorous proof of stability and performance is given and a simulation example verifies performance. Unlike standard discrete-time adaptive control techniques, no certainty equivalence assumption is needed.
Cavity grid for scalable quantum computation with superconducting circuits (2009)

Superconducting circuits are among the leading contenders for quantum information processing. This promising avenue has been strengthened with the advent of circuit quantum electrodynamics, underlined by recent experiments coupling on-chip microwave resonators to superconducting qubits. However, moving towards more qubits will require suitable novel architectures. Here, we propose a scalable setup for quantum computing where such resonators are arranged in a two-dimensional grid with a qubit at each intersection. Its versatility allows any two qubits on the grid to be coupled at a swapping overhead independent of their distance and yields an optimal balance between reducing qubit transition frequency spread and spurious cavity-induced couplings. These features make this setup unique and distinct from existing proposals in ion traps, optical lattices, or semiconductor spins. We demonstrate that this approach encompasses the fundamental elements of a scalable fault-tolerant quantum computing architecture.
Dietary Capsaicin Reduces Obesity‐induced Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Steatosis in Obese Mice Fed a High‐fat Diet (2009)

Obesity-induced inflammation contributes to the development of obesity-related metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease. In this study, we investigated whether dietary capsaicin can reduce obesity-induced inflammation and metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Male C57BL/6 obese mice fed a high-fat diet for 10 weeks received a supplement of 0.015% capsaicin for a further 10 weeks and were compared with unsupplemented controls. Glucose intolerance was estimated by glucose tolerance tests. Transcripts of adipocytokine genes and the corresponding proteins were measured by reverse transcription-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and macrophage numbers were determined by flow cytometric analysis. Transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 (TRPV-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha, and PPARgamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) mRNAs were also measured by RT-PCR, and PPARalpha luciferase assays were performed. Dietary capsaicin lowered fasting glucose, insulin, leptin levels, and markedly reduced the impairment of glucose tolerance in obese mice. Levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and interleukin (IL)-6 mRNAs and proteins in adipose tissue and liver decreased markedly, as did macrophage infiltration, hepatic triglycerides, and TRPV-1 expression in adipose tissue. At the same time, the mRNA/protein of adiponectin in the adipose tissue and PPARalpha/PGC-1alpha mRNA in the liver increased. Moreover, luciferase assays revealed that capsaicin is capable of binding PPARalpha. Our data suggest that dietary capsaicin may reduce obesity-induced glucose intolerance by not only suppressing inflammatory responses but also enhancing fatty acid oxidation in adipose tissue and/or liver, both of which are important peripheral tissues affecting insulin resistance. The effects of capsaicin in adipose tissue and liver are related to its dual action on PPARalpha and TRPV-1 expression/activation.
Effect of Arginine Administration on Plasma and Brain Levels of Arginine and Various Related Amino Compounds in the Rat (1996)

Arginine (ARG) was injected (0.8 g/kg, i.p.) into rats and levels of ARG were determined in plasma and four brain areas in the morning and afternoon. In control rats, brain values for ARG and some amino compounds are lower in the afternoon than in the morning. After ARG administration, ARG levels increase about 10-fold in the plasma and 2- to 3-fold in the brain areas. Brain ARG levels follow plasma levels. Elevated ARG levels affect a number of related amino compounds both in the plasma and all brain areas most notably ornithine, phosphoserine, glycine, GABA and ammonia. An increase of citrulline after ARG administration suggests the possibility of ARG-stimulated nitric oxide formation in the midbrain. Thus, ARG shows a daily rhythm in the plasma and brain and its administration increases ARG brain levels which seem to follow plasma levels. In addition, ARG alters a number of other amino compounds most notably GABA, glycine, ornithine and ammonia, indicating that some pharmacological effects seen after ARG administration might be caused by elevated levels of ARG and/or changes in other amino compounds.
Size and shape control of nanocrystallites in mesoporous TiO2 films (2007)

We investigated the influences of the titania precursor chemistry and hydrothermal temperature in the sol–gel procedure on the growth of TiO2 nanocrystallites. The nanocrystallites were prepared either from Ti(OiPr)4 (OiPr = isopropoxide) in acetic acid solution or from Ti(OiPr)3(OAc) (OAc = acetate) in water followed by nitric acid acidification. Nanocrystallites formed from the first method were 20–40% larger than those produced from the second method. The average size of calcined TiO2 nanocrystallites formed from Ti(OiPr)4 varied from 16–36 nm over the hydrothermal temperature range of 180–300 °C, while the average size of those prepared from Ti(OiPr)3(OAc) varied from 13–23 nm over temperatures of 200–250 °C. Significantly, the size of the crystallites displayed a linear dependence on the hydrothermal temperature. Crystal growth in acetic acid was enhanced in the [001] direction with increased autoclave temperature, whereas crystallites formed in the presence of nitric acid grew less rapidly in the [001] direction. The mechanisms for the preferential growth direction of the nanocrystals are discussed.
FastSLAM: a factored solution to the simultaneous localization and mapping problem (2002)

The ability to simultaneously localize a robot and accurately map its surroundings is considered by many to be a key prerequisite of truly autonomous robots. However, few approaches to this problem scale up to handle the very large number of landmarks present in real environments. Kalman filter-based algorithms, for example, require time quadratic in the number of landmarks to incorporate each sensor observation. This paper presents FastSLAM, an algorithm that recursively estimates the full posterior distribution over robot pose and landmark locations, yet scales logarithmically with the number of landmarks in the map. This algorithm is based on an exact factorization of the posterior into a product of conditional landmark distributions and a distribution over robot paths. The algorithm has been run successfully on as many as 50,000 landmarks, environments far beyond the reach of previous approaches. Experimental results demonstrate the advantages and limitations of the FastSLAM algorithm on both simulated and real-world data.
Specific induction of cAMP in Langerhans cells by calcitonin gene-related peptide: relevance to functional effects. (1995)

Epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) are associated anatomically with epidermal nerves, and a product of these nerves, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), inhibits the antigen-presenting capacity of LC and macrophages. As the CGRP receptor appears to be coupled to Gs alpha protein, which in turn activates adenylate cyclase, the ability of CGRP to induce cAMP in LC was examined and correlated with functional effects. LC were isolated from murine epidermal cells using antibodies on magnetic microspheres. Exposure to CGRP induced a significant increase in cAMP content, which could be inhibited by coculture with a truncated form of CGRP [CGRP-(8-37)] that is a specific competitive inhibitor of CGRP. Substance P and calcitonin failed to induce cAMP in LC. Although culture in CGRP reduced the ability of murine epidermal cells enriched for LC content to present pigeon cytochrome c to a responsive clone or to present antigen for elicitation of delayed-type hypersensitivity in immune mice, culture in forskolin had little or no effect on antigen presentation despite increased cAMP content of LC as much or more than that induced by CGRP. The effect of CGRP on antigen presentation in these systems could be blocked with CGRP-(8-37). CGRP inhibited the induction of B7-2 by lipopolysaccharide on peritoneal macrophages and a LC line, whereas calcitonin did not. CGRP induces specific accumulation of cAMP in LC and inhibits LC antigen-presenting function by a receptor-mediated event. However, the induction of cAMP by itself does not account for inhibition of antigen presentation. Suppression of the expression of B7-2 may be one mechanism by which CGRP inhibits antigen presentation.
Weizenlipide: Funktion und Einfluß bei der Verarbeitung des Mehles (1981)

Abstract Durch die Extraktion der unpolaren Lipide werden Brotvolumen und Krumenbeschaffenheit im Standardbackversuch verbessert. Die Wirkung ist je nach Extraktionsmittel mehr oder weniger ausgeprägt, obwohl die Fettzusammensetzung der extrahierten Lipide im wesentlichen identisch ist. Während Lipasen nur wenig Einfluß auf das Brotvolumen haben, wirken phospho‐ bzw. galaktolipidspaltende Enzyme aus Kartoffeln stark negativ und irreversibel auf Volumen und Krumenbeschaffenheit. Lecithin (in Kombination mit Glyceriden) bzw. Diacetylweinsäure‐Ester erhöhen die Gärtoleranz and Volumenausbeute erheblich. Besonders zu beachten sind Unterschiede in der Wirkung der Lipide in Abhängigkeit von dem eingesetzten Backversuch. Da die Entfettung im Rapid‐Mix‐Test negativen Einfluß auf das Brötchenvolumen hat und hierbei auch die Wirkung von Lecithin geringer ist, wird vermutet, daß durch die intensive mechanische Bearbeitung des Teiges fibrilläre Strukturen bzw. Lipoproteinmembranen zerstört werden, die für die Ausbildung einer optimalen Teigstruktur notwendig sind.
PORCINE AND BOVINE CARTILAGE TRANSPLANTS IN CYNOMOLGUS MONKEY (1997)

The recent advances in avoiding hyperacute rejection by producing transgenic pigs with complement regulatory proteins call for the analysis of posttransplantation changes in anti-Gal activity in the absence of hyperacute rejection. Transplantation of cynomolgus monkeys with porcine or bovine meniscus and articular cartilage enabled the study of anti-Gal IgG response to xenografts that are not subjected to hyperacute rejection. The cartilage implants were kept in suprapatellar pouches of the recipients for 1 or 2 months and anti-Gal activity was measured in the serum at various time intervals after transplantation. Within 2 weeks after transplantation, titer of anti-Gal IgG, in all transplanted monkeys, increased by 20- to 100-fold, as measured in ELISA with synthetic alpha-galactosyl epitopes linked to bovine serum albumin or with mouse laminin. Furthermore, binding of serum anti-Gal to porcine endothelial cells increased by 10-fold or more after transplantation. Complement-mediated cytotoxicity also increased by two- to eightfold after transplantation. The elevated activity of anti-Gal was maintained for the 2-month period during which the grafts were kept in the monkeys, and returned to the pretransplantation level 6 months after graft removal. All these data suggest that the primate immune system responds vigorously to alpha-galactosyl epitopes on xenografts by activating many B lymphocytes that produce increased amounts of anti-Gal IgG, which may also be of high affinity. These antibodies are likely to bind to the xenograft cells, even if these cells express low numbers of alpha-galactosyl epitopes. Such antibody binding may play an important role in chronic rejection of xenografts.