gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PRODUCTION OF PROTEIN ISOLATES AND CONCENTRATES FROM OILSEED FLOUR EXTRACTS USING INDUSTRIAL ULTRAFILTRATION AND REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEMS (1977)

ABSTRACT The consumption of protein isolates from oilseed flours is expected to continue its upward trend as meat analogs from vegetable proteins are more widely marketed. However, conventional protein isolation procedures are lengthy and somewhat expensive. These processes also result in whey‐like liquid by‐products which constitute a water pollution threat unless properly processed. Preparation of protein isolates and concentrates from glandless cottonseed and soy flours by extracting the protein and ultrafiltering the solubilized protein directly from the liquid extract was investigated. In the process devised, proteins normally precipitated to produce isolates were recovered together with the conventional whey protein by ultrafiltration (UF). The UF permeate was further processed with a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane. Different industrial UF and RO systems were utilized in 22–60 lb extractions. UF membranes were found which gave desirably high permeation rates and satisfactory constituent separations, especially with cottonseed storage protein (SP) extract. With SP extract, initial LJF permeate flux achieved was in excess of 1.50 gal of permeate per square foot of membrane area per day (gfd). The flux declined to 96 gfd over a period of 8 hr while the volume of original extract in the feed solution was being reduced by a ratio of 12.5 to 1 in the final UF concentrate. As expected, nonstorage protein (NSP) and SP extracts from cottonseed were found to require membranes having different molecular weight cutoff points. Noncellulose‐based membranes performed better for this application because of their broader pH and temperature operating ranges.
Long-term survival of ipilimumab-naive patients (pts) with advanced melanoma (MEL) treated with nivolumab (anti-PD-1, BMS-936558, ONO-4538) in a phase I trial. (2014)

9002 Background: We have shown that nivolumab, a fully human IgG4 PD-1 immune-checkpoint inhibitor antibody, is tolerable and active in pts with advanced solid tumors in a large phase I trial (Topalian et al. N Eng J Med 366:2443-54, 2012). For the MEL pts in this trial, we report long-term clinical activity, pts’ response off therapy, tumor PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) expression associated with survival endpoints, and for the first time, 3-y overall survival (OS). Methods: Previously treated advanced MEL pts with no prior ipilimumab therapy received nivolumab (0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, or 10 mg/kg IV) Q2Wk for ≤96 wk and were evaluated for OS and progression-free survival (PFS). PD-L1 tumor cell membrane expression was retrospectively assessed in archival specimens by a Dako immunohistochemistry assay with ≥5% tumor cells designated as PD-L1(+). Results: From 2008-2012, 107 MEL pts initiated treatment with nivolumab; 25% had ≥3 prior therapies. Across doses, the 2- and 3-y OS rates were 48 and 41%, respectively (Table). For the 34/107 (32%) pts with objective responses (OR; RECIST), median response duration was 22.9 mo. Twenty-four OR pts stopped nivolumab for reasons other than disease progression; 11 (46%) maintained responses for ≥24 wk off drug (range: 24, 56+ wk). Four (4%) pts had unconventional “immune-related” responses. In a subset of pts with evaluable tumor samples (41/107), pts with PD-L1(+) and (–) tumors (n=18 and 23, respectively) had median OS of not reached and 12.5 mo; median PFS was 9.1 mo and 1.9 mo. Safety has been previously reported (Sznol et al. J Clin Oncol 31:abs CRA9006, 2013). Conclusions: In advanced MEL pts, nivolumab demonstrated favorable 2- and 3-y OS rates, durable responses with a number persisting off therapy, and an acceptable safety profile. Additional analyses will be presented by pts’ characteristics across the full population, the long-term survival subgroup, and the PD-L1(+/–) tumor subgroups. Ongoing phase III trials are further evaluating nivolumab for MEL pts and PD-L1 as a potential predictive biomarker for response to nivolumab. Clinical trial information: NCT00730639. OS rate* n=107 % (95% CI) Pts at risk 1 y 63 (53, 71) 63 2 y 48 (38, 57) 44 3 y 41 (31, 51) 22 *September 2013 analysis.
Real-Time (Vision-Based) Road Sign Recognition Using an Artificial Neural Network (2017)

Road sign recognition is a driver support function that can be used to notify and warn the driver by showing the restrictions that may be effective on the current stretch of road. Examples for such regulations are 'traffic light ahead' or 'pedestrian crossing' indications. The present investigation targets the recognition of Malaysian road and traffic signs in real-time. Real-time video is taken by a digital camera from a moving vehicle and real world road signs are then extracted using vision-only information. The system is based on two stages, one performs the detection and another one is for recognition. In the first stage, a hybrid color segmentation algorithm has been developed and tested. In the second stage, an introduced robust custom feature extraction method is used for the first time in a road sign recognition approach. Finally, a multilayer artificial neural network (ANN) has been created to recognize and interpret various road signs. It is robust because it has been tested on both standard and non-standard road signs with significant recognition accuracy. This proposed system achieved an average of 99.90% accuracy with 99.90% of sensitivity, 99.90% of specificity, 99.90% of f-measure, and 0.001 of false positive rate (FPR) with 0.3 s computational time. This low FPR can increase the system stability and dependability in real-time applications.
Optimal management of severe nausea and vomiting in migraine: improving patient outcomes (2013)

Migraine is a common and potentially disabling disorder for patients, with wide-reaching implications for health care services, society, and the economy. Nausea and vomiting during migraine attacks are common symptoms that affect at least 60% of patients suffering from migraines. These symptoms are often more disabling than the headache itself, causing a great burden on the patient's life. Nausea and vomiting may delay the use of oral abortive medication or interfere with oral drug absorption. Therefore, they can hinder significantly the management and treatment of migraine (which is usually given orally). The main treatment of pain-associated symptoms of migraine (such as nausea and vomiting) is to stop the migraine attack itself as soon as possible, with the effective drugs at the effective doses, seeking if necessary alternative routes of administration. In some cases, intravenous antiemetic drugs are able to relieve a migraine attack and associated symptoms like nausea and vomiting. We performed an exhaustive PubMed search of the English literature to find studies about management of migraine and its associated symptoms. Search terms were migraine, nausea, and vomiting. We did not limit our search to a specific time period. We focused on clinical efficacy and tolerance of the various drugs and procedures based on data from human studies. We included the best available studies for each discussed drug or procedure. These ranged from randomized controlled trials for some treatments to small case series for others. Recently updated books and manuals on neurology and headache were also consulted. We herein review the efficacy of the different approaches in order to manage nausea and vomiting for migraine patents.
Early and Delayed Consequences of β 2 -Adrenergic Receptor Overexpression in Mouse Hearts (2000)

These data demonstrate that the heart tolerates enhanced contractile function via 60-fold beta(2)AR overexpression without detriment for a period of >/=1 year and that higher levels of expression result in either aggressive or delayed cardiomyopathy. The consequences for enhanced betaAR function in the heart appear to be highly dependent on which signaling elements are increased and to what extent.
Counting individual DNA molecules by the stochastic attachment of diverse labels (2011)

We implement a unique strategy for single molecule counting termed stochastic labeling, where random attachment of a diverse set of labels converts a population of identical DNA molecules into a population of distinct DNA molecules suitable for threshold detection. The conceptual framework for stochastic labeling is developed and experimentally demonstrated by determining the absolute and relative number of selected genes after stochastically labeling approximately 360,000 different fragments of the human genome. The approach does not require the physical separation of molecules and takes advantage of highly parallel methods such as microarray and sequencing technologies to simultaneously count absolute numbers of multiple targets. Stochastic labeling should be particularly useful for determining the absolute numbers of RNA or DNA molecules in single cells.
[Role of apoptosis in the regulation of the infectious process]. (2005)

Review on the influence of pathogenic bacteria on the apoptosis program of host cells. Many pathogenic bacteria posess mechanisms to control cell death, which makes it possible to maintain the optimum conditions for the development of infection. The mechanisms of the induction and suppression of apoptosis, worked out by bacteria, are very variable and realized as the result of complex interaction of biologically active bacterial molecules with concrete targets of signal paths leading to apoptosis. In case of intracellular parasitism the antiapoptosis activity of bacteria may be regarded as one of the mechanisms of the persistence of infective agents, ensuring the development of chronic infections.
Amino Acid Ester Prodrugs of the Anticancer Agent Gemcitabine:  Synthesis, Bioconversion, Metabolic Bioevasion, and hPEPT1-Mediated Transport (2005)

Gemcitabine, a clinically effective nucleoside anticancer agent, is a polar drug with low membrane permeability and is administered intravenously. Further, extensive degradation of gemcitabine by cytidine deaminase to an inactive metabolite in the liver affects its activity adversely. Thus, strategies that provide both enhanced transport and high metabolic bioevasion would potentially lead to oral alternatives that may be clinically useful. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether amino acid ester prodrugs of gemcitabine would (a) facilitate transport across intestinal membranes or across cells that express hPEPT1 and (b) provide resistance to deamination by cytidine deaminase. 3'-Monoester, 5'-monoester, and 3',5'-diester prodrugs of gemcitabine utilizing aliphatic (L-valine, D-valine, and L-isoleucine) and aromatic (L-phenylalanine and D-phenylalanine) amino acids as promoieties were synthesized and evaluated for their affinity and direct hPEPT1-mediated transport in HeLa/hPEPT1 cells. All prodrugs exhibited enhanced affinity (IC(50): 0.14-0.16 mM) for the transporter. However, only the 5'-L-valyl and 5'-L-isoleucyl monoester prodrugs exhibited (a) increased uptake (11.25- and 5.64-fold, respectively) in HeLa/hPEPT1 cells compared to HeLa cells and (b) chemical stability in buffers, that were comparable to valacyclovir, a commercially marketed oral amino acid ester prodrug. The widely disparate enzymatic bioconversion profiles of the 5'-L-valyl and 5'-L-isoleucyl prodrugs in Caco-2 cell homogenates along with their significant resistance to deamination by cytidine deaminase suggest that the disposition of gemcitabine following oral administration would be controlled by the rate of bioconversion following transport across the intestinal epithelial membrane. The combined results also suggest that it may be possible to modulate these characteristics by the choice of the amino acid promoiety.
Nucleic acid aptamers in human viral disease. (2004)

Nucleic acid aptamers are short, single-stranded oligonucleotides or their modified analogues which avidly and specifically interact with targeted ligands through their 3-dimensional structure. Aptamers can be selected out of a large combinatorial oligonucleotide library through an in vitro evolution process termed SELEX. Since 1990, a wide variety of aptamers targeted to ligands ranging from small molecules to complex mixtures have been isolated. Most selected aptamers have shown high specificity to and affinity for their ligands and are potential detection and/or diagnostic reagents. Furthermore, some aptamers specifically inhibit biological functions of targeted proteins, resulting in potent therapeutic candidates in disease models. Some recent advances to increase the stability of aptamers, extend their in vivo circulation time and their in vivo expression have pushed aptamers closer to therapeutic applications. This review presents recent developments in the field of aptamer research and focuses on their applications to human viral diseases, particularly HIV induced diseases.
Hard acid and soft nucleophile systems. 3. Dealkylation of esters with aluminum halide-thiol and aluminum halide-sulfide systems (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHard acid and soft nucleophile systems. 3. Dealkylation of esters with aluminum halide-thiol and aluminum halide-sulfide systemsManabu Node, Kiyoharu Nishide, Midori Sai, Kaoru Fuji, and Eiichi FujitaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 10, 1991–1993Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00323a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00323a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1452Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Research Articles : Selective Positional Isomerization of 2-Butene over Alumina and La-promoted Alumina Catalysts (2007)

Positional isomerization of 2-butene to 1-butene over alumina catalysts was investigated. The physical characteristics and acidity of activated alumina and η-alumina catalysts were analyzed by BET, XRD, ammo- nia-temperature programmed desorption, and infra-red spectroscopy of adsorbed pyridine. The effects of lantha- num addition on the acidity of catalysts and the isomerization were investigated. The yield of 1-butene over η -alumina catalyst was shown to be higher than that of activated alumina catalyst due to the larger BET surface area (287 m 2 /g) as well as the weak acidity of η-alumina. The catalytic activity does not correspond to the amount of Lewis acid sites, explaining the insignificant role of Lewis acid sites in the positional isomerization of 2-butene. It was proposed that the H site might be an active site for the positional isomerization of 2-butene to 1-butene.
Clusterin silencing inhibits proliferation and reduces invasion in human laryngeal squamous carcinoma cells (2014)

sCLU gene silence can inhibit invasion and growth of LSCC. sCLU may provide a potential therapeutic target against human LSCC.
Synchronous neural interactions assessed by magnetoencephalography: a functional biomarker for brain disorders (2007)

We report on a test to assess the dynamic brain function at high temporal resolution using magnetoencephalography (MEG). The essence of the test is the measurement of the dynamic synchronous neural interactions, an essential aspect of the brain function. MEG signals were recorded from 248 axial gradiometers while 142 human subjects fixated a spot of light for 45-60 s. After fitting an autoregressive integrative moving average (ARIMA) model and taking the stationary residuals, all pairwise, zero-lag, partial cross-correlations (PCC(ij)(0)) and their z-transforms (z(ij)(0)) between i and j sensors were calculated, providing estimates of the strength and sign (positive, negative) of direct synchronous coupling at 1 ms temporal resolution. We found that subsets of z(ij)(0) successfully classified individual subjects to their respective groups (multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, Sjögren's syndrome, chronic alcoholism, facial pain, healthy controls) and gave excellent external cross-validation results.
Endocrine Therapy in Pancreatic Carcinoma (1998)

There are indications of the possible effects of sex hormones on pancreatic carcinoma. Estrogen receptor (ER) has been demonstrated in pancreatic tumors in experimental animals and in humans and it has been suggested that endocrine manipulation may be effective in the treatment of pancreatic carcinoma. However, it is still controversial whether this lethal cancer can potentially benefit from endocrine therapy. One explanation for the conflicting data on the benefit of hormonal manipulation in the treatment of pancreatic carcinoma may stem from the fact that there is no adequate marker to assess estrogen dependency of the pancreatic tumors. In this article, we review our work on tissue plasminogen activator as a prognostic guide to evaluate the efficacy of hormonal therapy in human pancreatic carcinoma, and also suggest that a selected subgroup of patients with this lethal cancer may have a potential clinical benefit from endocrine therapy, especially medroxyprogesterone acetate treatment.
Expression of an ASCL2 related stem cell signature and IGF2 in colorectal cancer liver metastases with 11p15.5 gain (2010)

With unprecedented resolution a striking conservation of genomic alterations was demonstrated in liver metastases, suggesting that metastasis typically occurs after the pCRC has fully matured. In addition, we characterised a subset of liver metastases with an ASCL2-related stem-cell signature likely to affect metastatic behaviour of tumour cells.
Differential Interactions of Promoter Elements in Stress Responses of the Arabidopsis Adh Gene (1994)

The Adh (alcohol dehydrogenase, EC 1.1.1.1.) gene from Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. can be induced by dehydration and cold, as well as by hypoxia. A 1-kb promoter fragment (CADH: -964 to +53) is sufficient to confer the stress induction and tissue-specific developmental expression characteristics of the Adh gene to a beta-glucuronidase reporter gene. Deletion mapping of the 5' end and site-specific mutagenesis identified four regions of the promoter essential for expression under the three stress conditions. Some sequence elements are important for response to all three stress treatments, whereas others are stress specific. The most critical region essential for expression of the Arabidopsis Adh promoter under all three environmental stresses (region IV: -172 to -141) contains sequences homologous to the GT motif (-160 to -152) and the GC motif (-147 to -144) of the maize Adh1 anaerobic responsive element. Region III (-235 to -172) contains two regions shown by R.J. Ferl and B.H. Laughner ([1989] Plant Mol Biol 12: 357-366) to bind regulatory proteins; mutation of the G-box-1 region (5'-CCACGTGG-3', -216 to -209) does not affect expression under uninduced or hypoxic conditions, but significantly reduces induction by cold stress and, to a lesser extent, by dehydration stress. Mutation of the other G-box-like sequence (G-box-2: 5'-CCAAGTGG-3', -193 to -182) does not change hypoxic response and affects cold and dehydration stress only slightly. G-box-2 mutations also promote high levels of expression under uninduced conditions. Deletion of region I (-964 to -510) results in increased expression under uninduced and all stress conditions, suggesting that this region contains a repressor binding site. Region II (-510 to -384) contains a positive regulatory element and is necessary for high expression levels under all treatments.
Silk: molecular organization and control of assembly (2002)

The interface between the science and engineering of biology and materials is an area of growing interest. One of the goals of this field is to utilize biological synthesis and processing of polymers as a route to gain insight into topics such as molecular recognition, self-assembly and the formation of materials with well-defined architectures. The biological processes involved in polymer synthesis and assembly can offer important information on fundamental interactions involved in the formation of complex material architectures, as well as practical knowledge into new and important materials related to biomaterial uses and tissue engineering needs. Classic approaches in biology, including genetic engineering, controlled microbial physiology and enzymatic synthesis, are prototypical methods used to control polymer structure and chemistry, including stereoselectivity and regioselectivity, to degrees unattainable using traditional synthetic chemistry. This type of control can lead to detailed and systematic studies of the formation of the structural hierarchy in materials and the subsequent biological responses to these materials.
Panax ginseng Extract Improves the Scopolamine-Induced Disruption of 8-Arm Radial Maze Performance in Rats. (1995)

The effects of Panax ginseng ethanol extract and its water (WSF)-and lipid-soluble (LSF) fractions on the scopolamine-induced disruption of radial maze performance in rats were examined. Ginseng root was refluxed with ethanol, and WSF and LSF were prepared from this ethanol extract. Scopolamine (0.075-0.3mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently impaired the maze performance. However, the oral administration of Panax ginseng ethanol extract and WSF (2-8g dried root/kg) 90min before testing improved the maze performance disrupted by scopolamine (0.3mg/kg) in a dose-dependent manner, but LSF failed to attenuate the disruption. These data suggest that ginseng extract possesses a beneficial effect regarding spatial cognitive impairment and that the water-soluble fraction of ginseng extract mainly contributes to the effect of the ethanol extract.