gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cleaved GaN facets by wafer fusion of GaN to InP (1996)

Basal plane sapphire is a common substrate for the heteroepitaxy of GaN. This presents a challenge for fabrication of cleaved-facet GaN lasers because the natural cleavage planes in (0001) α-Al2O3 are not perpendicular to the wafer surface. This letter describes a method for achieving perpendicular cleaved facets through wafer fusion that can potentially be used to fabricate GaN based in-plane lasers. We demonstrate successful fusion of GaN to InP without voids or oxide at the interface and fabricate optically flat cleaved GaN facets that are parallel to the crystallographic planes of the host InP. I–V measurements have been performed across the n-N fused interface. These results show that the fused junction exhibits a barrier of several electron volts for electrons passing from the InP to the GaN and ohmic conduction of electrons moving in the opposite direction.
AAA Disease (2006)

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common and frequently lethal disease of older Americans. No medical therapy has been proven effective in retarding progression of small AAAs prior to surgical repair. With the emerging ability of magnetic resonance (MR) flow imaging and MR-based computational analysis to define aortic hemodynamic conditions, and bio-imaging strategies to monitor aortic inflammation real time in vivo, the opportunity now exists to confirm the potential value of medical interventions such as supervised exercise training as first line therapy for small AAA disease.
Maximal vector computation in large data sets (2005)

Finding the maximals in a collection of vectors is relevant to many applications. The maximal set is related to the convex hull— and hence, linear optimization—and nearest neighbors. The maximal vector problem has resurfaced with the advent of skyline queries for relational databases and skyline algorithms that are external and relationally well behaved. The initial algorithms proposed for maximals are based on divide-and-conquer. These established good average and worst case asymptotic running times, showing it to be O(n) average-case, where n is the number of vectors. However, they are not amenable to externalizing. We prove their performance is quite bad with respect to the dimensionality, k, of the problem. We demonstrate that the more recent external skyline algorithms are actually better behaved, although they do not have as good an apparent asymptotic complexity. We introduce a new external algorithm, LESS, that combines the best features of these, experimentally evaluate its effectiveness and improvement over the field, and prove its average-case running time is O(kn). 1
Electromyographic analysis of exercise resulting in symptoms of muscle damage (2000)

Surface electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded from the hamstring muscles during six sets of submaximal isokinetic (2.6 rad x s(-1)) eccentric (11 men, 9 women) or concentric (6 men, 4 women) contractions. The EMG per unit torque increased during eccentric (P < 0.01) but not during concentric exercise. Similarly, the median frequency increased during eccentric (P < 0.01) but not during concentric exercise. The EMG per unit torque was lower for submaximal eccentric than maximum isometric contractions (P < 0.001), and lower for submaximal concentric than maximum isometric contractions (P < 0.01). The EMG per unit torque was lower for eccentric than concentric contractions (P < 0.05). The median frequency was higher for submaximal eccentric than maximum isometric contractions (P < 0.001); it was similar, however, between submaximal concentric and maximum isometric contractions (P = 0.07). Eccentric exercise resulted in significant isometric strength loss (P < 0.01), pain (P < 0.01) and muscle tenderness (P < 0.05). The greatest strength loss was seen 1 day after eccentric exercise, while the most severe pain and muscle tenderness occurred 2 days after eccentric exercise. A lower EMG per unit torque is consistent with the selective recruitment of a small number of motor units during eccentric exercise. A higher median frequency during eccentric contractions may be explained by selective recruitment of fast-twitch motor units. The present results are consistent with the theory that muscle damage results from excessive stress on a small number of active fibres during eccentric contractions.
The Treatment of a Chronic Organic Mental Disorder with Dextromethorphan in a Man with Severe Mental Retardation (1992)

Response to dextromethorphan (15 mg b.i.d.), an antitussive agent not usually considered to have psychotropic properties, was seen in a 25-year-old man with severe developmental disabilities, congenital rubella, and an organic mental disorder. Dextromethorphan affects CNS serotonergic systems, and this was the probable therapeutic mechanism. This and other published cases suggest the existence of a distinct organic mental syndrome in developmentally disabled persons which responds to drugs that increase indoleaminergic activity.
Silica nanoparticle supported lipid bilayers for gene delivery (2009)

Silica nanoparticle supported cationic lipids can effectively bind plasmid DNAs and transfect mammalian cells with an efficiency that depends on both the particle size and lipid composition; here the gene delivery and expression process has been confirmed by confocal fluorescence microscopy.
Tissue Inhibitor Metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2)⋅IGF-Binding Protein-7 (IGFBP7) Levels Are Associated with Adverse Long-Term Outcomes in Patients with AKI (2014)

Tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) and IGF-binding protein-7 (IGFBP7) have been validated for risk stratification in AKI. However, the association of urinary TIMP-2 and IGFBP7 with long-term outcomes is unknown. We evaluated the 9-month incidence of a composite end point of all-cause mortality or the need for RRT in a secondary analysis of a prospective observational international study of critically ill adults. Two predefined [TIMP-2]⋅[IGFBP7] cutoffs (0.3 for high sensitivity and 2.0 for high specificity) for the development of AKI were evaluated. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine risk for the composite end point. Baseline [TIMP-2]⋅[IGFBP7] values were available for 692 subjects, of whom 382 (55.2%) subjects developed stage 1 AKI (defined by Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes guidelines) within 72 hours of enrollment and 217 (31.4%) subjects met the composite end point. Univariate analysis showed that [TIMP-2]⋅[IGFBP7]>2.0 was associated with increased risk of the composite end point (hazard ratio [HR], 2.11; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.37 to 3.23; P<0.001). In a multivariate analysis adjusted for the clinical model, [TIMP-2]⋅[IGFBP7] levels>0.3 were associated with death or RRT only in subjects who developed AKI (compared with levels≤0.3: HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.00 to 2.06 for levels>0.3 to ≤2.0; P=0.05 and HR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.32 to 3.53 for levels>2.0; P=0.002). In conclusion, [TIMP-2]⋅[IGFBP7] measured early in the setting of critical illness may identify patients with AKI at increased risk for mortality or receipt of RRT over the next 9 months.
Fast Switching of Frequency Modulation Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal Display Fabricated by Doping Nanoparticles and Its Mechanism (2004)

The electrooptic characteristics of a twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal display (LCD) fabricated by doping Ag nanoparticles protected with NLC, 5CB (K-15, Merck) molecules have been investigated, and it is shown that the device exhibits a unique electrooptic response characteristic that is sensitive to the high-frequency components of the operating voltage together with the conventional root-mean-square voltage response. We call this device frequency modulation (FM) TN-LCD. The FM-TN-LCD is switched by switching the frequency of the operating voltage while its amplitude is kept unchanged. As an example, the frequency switched from 20 Hz to 500 Hz or 50 Hz to 2 kHz, and the switching is performed with the time constant of 21 ms for the rising process and 3 ms for the falling process. This device shows a peculiar response to a burst AC square wave, where the decay time is reduced by several times compared to that of an undoped TN-LCD. The mechanism of the FM-TN-LCD is investigated through the study of its dielectric properties.
Recent developments in the use of biologics in psoriasis and autoimmune disorders. The role of autoantibodies (2005)

Treatment of autoimmune disorders such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and Crohn's disease with so called biologics (selective immunomodulatory drugs) has become a standard way to treat severe or recalcitrant forms of these diseases. In particular, antagonists of tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) have been proved to be highly efficacious. In this review we summarise the current knowledge on problems associated with treatment with biologics, with particular emphasis on TNF-α inhibitors and autoantibody development. We also discuss the possible increased risk of lymphoma.

Monoclonal antibodies and fusion proteins have become an important group of drugs (known as biologic drugs) for treatment of chronic autoimmune disorders.w1 Advances in antibody engineering and new techniques have allowed the generation of fusion proteins and chimeric, humanised, and fully humanised monoclonal antibodies. Fourteen biologic drugs have already been approved in the United States (by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)) and in other countries; over 70 are in late stage clinical trials (at least phase II) and over 1000 in preclinical development.w2

Treatment with these agents is well established for patients with rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease, and in recent years a major focus of research into new biologics was psoriasis, an inflammatory T cell mediated skin disease. In particular, inhibitors of TNF-α were found to be very effective in the treatment of chronic plaque-type psoriasis, pustular psoriasis, and psoriatic arthritis.w3-w5 The mechanism of action of these drugs is either binding free TNF-α to the soluble receptor-like fusion protein etanercept (Enbrel) or direct inhibition of TNF-α bioactivity with the monoclonal antibodies infliximab (chimeric, Remicade) or adalimumab (fully human, Humira).1–5 w6 Other biologics targeting activated T cells and/or their migration into the skin are alefacept (Amevive) and efalizumab (Raptiva). Alefacept is a dimeric fusion protein consisting of a CD2-binding portion …
Thermoelectric Power of Bismuth Nanocomposites (2002)

Because of the increase in the electronic density of states in low-dimensional systems, semiconductor quantum wires constitute a most promising thermoelectric material. We report here the first experimental observation of a very large enhancement of the thermoelectric power of composites containing bismuth nanowires with diameters of 9 and 15 nm, embedded in porous alumina and porous silica. The temperature dependence of the electrical resistance shows that the samples are semiconductors with energy gaps between 0.17 and 0.4 eV, consistent with the theoretical predictions.
Automation of a Production Switching System (1980)

Today's large, sophisticated production switchers are complicated enough to tax the ability of the operator to fully utilize their capabilities. The operation of both production and post production switching systems can be simplified with the use of automated controls based on microprocessors. Such a system — for the automation of production switching — is also called a production switching automation system (PSAS). The system should greatly simplify production and post production operation. Design objectives, development of the design, and operation of the system are described. Finally, future trends for automated switching equipment are indicated.
Antitumor effects of combined bortezomib and tipifarnib in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells (2006)

5581 Background: The dysregulation of the NF-κB and Ras/PI3K/AKT pathways in HNSCC supports our hypothesis that combined treatment with the proteasome inhibitor (PI) bortezomib (B) and the farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI) tipifarnib (T) leads to synergistic growth inhibition of HNSCC cells. Methods: Growth inhibitory effects of single agents (B 2.5–100 nM; T 0.625–5μM), combination (B+T) (B 12.5–17.5 nM; T 0.625–5 μM) or sequential treatment (B→T after 2h or T→B) were examined in three HNSCC lines (Tu212, 686LN and Sqcc/Y1) using a sulforrhodamine B assay after 72 h of drug exposure. Combination effect in cells treated concomitantly or sequentially was assessed using the combination index (C.I.: &lt; 1.0, synergy; &gt;1.0, antagonism; ≈1.0, additivity). Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. Relevant protein markers were evaluated by Western blot. Cell cycle analysis after flow cytometry used FlowJo software. Statistical analysis was done using a two-sided t-test. Results: Growth inhibition by B alone is very effective in all three lines (IC50 = 9–22nM). T used alone is active only in μM range (IC50 = 0.625–5 μM). The inhibitory effects of B and T were sequence dependent. Simultaneous treatment with 12.5 nM B and 5μM T showed synergistic growth inhibition in all 3 lines [C.I., 0.281–0.54]. B→T showed synergistic effects in all three cell lines [C.I., 0.36–0.76]. However, T→B was less synergistic in two of the three lines [Sqcc/Y1 C.I. = 0.404; Tu212 C.I. = 0.748]. Apoptosis was also sequence dependent with B+T or B→T treatment showing significantly more apoptosis than T→B (p = 0.03). Apoptosis induced by T→B was not different from treatment with single agent B (p = 0.22). Sqcc/Y1 cells treated with B and T showed accumulation in G2M phase and an increased percentage of cells in sub-G1. The observed synergistic inhibitory effect of B+T was associated with downregulation of p-AKT. Conclusions: We conclude that treatment with B+T and B→T synergistically enhances HNSCC growth inhibition and results in both significantly increased apoptosis and G2M arrest. These studies strongly support the clinical development of the sequential combination of a PI and a FTI. (Supported by Millenium Pharm. and the Georgia Cancer Coalition). [Table: see text]
Multiplexed and portable nucleic acid detection platform with Cas13, Cas12a, and Csm6 (2018)

Rapid detection of nucleic acids is integral for clinical diagnostics and biotechnological applications. We recently developed a platform termed SHERLOCK (specific high-sensitivity enzymatic reporter unlocking) that combines isothermal preamplification with Cas13 to detect single molecules of RNA or DNA. Through characterization of CRISPR enzymology and application development, we report here four advances integrated into SHERLOCK version 2 (SHERLOCKv2) (i) four-channel single-reaction multiplexing with orthogonal CRISPR enzymes; (ii) quantitative measurement of input as low as 2 attomolar; (iii) 3.5-fold increase in signal sensitivity by combining Cas13 with Csm6, an auxiliary CRISPR-associated enzyme; and (iv) lateral-flow readout. SHERLOCKv2 can detect Dengue or Zika virus single-stranded RNA as well as mutations in patient liquid biopsy samples via lateral flow, highlighting its potential as a multiplexable, portable, rapid, and quantitative detection platform of nucleic acids.
Vaccinia virus N1L protein resembles a B cell lymphoma‐2 (Bcl‐2) family protein (2006)

Poxviruses encode immuno-modulatory proteins capable of subverting host defenses. The poxvirus vaccinia expresses a small 14-kDa protein, N1L, that is critical for virulence. We report the crystal structure of N1L, which reveals an unexpected but striking resemblance to host apoptotic regulators of the B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family. Although N1L lacks detectable Bcl-2 homology (BH) motifs at the sequence level, we show that N1L binds with high affinity to the BH3 peptides of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins in vitro, consistent with a role for N1L in modulating host antiviral defenses.
An Effective Case of Combined Arterial and Portal Infusion Chemotherapy for Sigmoid Colon Cancer with Multiple Liver Metastases. (1994)

多発性肝転移をともなったStage VのS状結腸癌の74歳の男性に対し, S状結腸切除, 動脈と門脈それぞれにカテーテルを挿入するダブルチャンネルリザーバー留置術を施行した.胃十二指腸動脈と下腸間膜静脈に, おのおのカテーテルを留置した後, 閉腹前にmitomycin-C (MMC) 4mgを各リザーバーより肝動脈と門脈に注入した.術後2週目, 5週目, 9週目にcisplatin (CDDP) 50mgと5-fluorouracil (51FU) 250mgの2剤を連続持続注入した.術前にenhanced computed tomography (造影CT) で肝両葉にlow density areaとして描出された複数の肝転移巣は, 術後2か月目のCTで画像上消失した.また術前に高値を示したcarcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen (CA19-9) 値も激減し, 術後4か月目でも低下し続けている.本治療法がH3結腸癌治療に有効であることが示唆された.
Effects of cinacalcet treatment on serum soluble Klotho levels in haemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (2011)

Despite significant alterations in mineral and bone metabolism during treatment with cinacalcet, this resulted in only small and transient reductions in serum levels of soluble Klotho.
Introduction to Superconductivity (1996)

Appropriate for intermediate or advanced courses in superconductivity, this edition has been revised to incorporate the many new developments in superconductivity. Expanded topic coverage includes new chapters on high temperature superconductors and nonequilibrium superconductivity.
3D Printing of Interdigitated Li‐Ion Microbattery Architectures (2013)

3D interdigitated microbattery architectures (3D-IMA) are fabricated by printing concentrated lithium oxide-based inks. The microbatteries are composed of interdigitated, high-aspect ratio cathode and anode structures. Our 3D-IMA, which exhibit high areal energy and power densities, may find potential application in autonomously powered microdevices.
Acute Kidney Injury Risk Prediction in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography in a National Veterans Health Administration Cohort With External Validation (2015)

We developed a robust, externally validated clinical prediction model for AKI following cardiac catheterization or percutaneous coronary intervention to automatically identify high-risk patients before and immediately after a procedure in the Veterans Health Administration. Work is ongoing to incorporate these models into routine clinical practice.
Deep neural network for RFID-based activity recognition (2016)

We propose a Deep Neural Network (DNN) structure for RFID-based activity recognition. RFID data collected from several reader antennas with overlapping coverage have potential spatiotemporal relationships that can be used for object tracking. We augmented the standard fully-connected DNN structure with additional pooling layers to extract the most representative features. For model training and testing, we used RFID data from 12 tagged objects collected during 25 actual trauma resuscitations. Our results showed 76% recognition micro-accuracy for 7 resuscitation activities and 85% average micro-accuracy for 5 resuscitation phases, which is similar to existing system that, however, require the user to wear an RFID antenna.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereospecific Synthesis of P‐Chiral Analogues of Oligonucleotides (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Sleep Apnea and Cardiac Arrhythmias: Is There a Relationship? (1993)

To determine if there was a relationship between cardiac arrhythmias and sleep apnea, we studied the prevalence of arrhythmias in a consecutive series of patients referred to our clinic for assessment of this disorder. Two hundred of 263 physician-referred patients were eligible for the study and, of these, 173 (86.5%) had complete investigations. All patients underwent a full night of polysomnography and Holter monitoring. Sleep apnea was diagnosed if patients had more than 10 apneas and hypopneas per hour (AHI). In 76 patients (43.9%) sleep apnea was diagnosed (median AHI = 33). The prevalence of arrhythmias in patients with sleep apnea versus those without was, respectively: complex ventricular ectopy (including ventricular tachycardia), 1.3% (95% CI, 0.4 to 6.9) versus 4.1% (CI, 1.6 to 10.1); frequent ventricular premature beats (> 30/h), 2.6% (CI, 0.8 to 8.9) versus 6.2% (CI, 2.9 to 12.8); second-degree atrioventricular block, 1.3% (CI, 0.4 to 6.9) versus 4.1% (CI, 1.6 to 10.1); sinus arrest, 5.2% (CI, 2.2 to 12.6) versus 1.0% (CI, 0.2 to 5.6). None of these differences was statistically significant. We conclude that the prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias is low in patients without serious cardiac or respiratory comorbidity who are referred for assessment of sleep apnea. Furthermore, the presence or absence of arrhythmias in this group is unrelated to sleep apnea severity.
Novel and Potent Inhibitors of 5-Lipoxygenase Product Synthesis Based on the Structure of Pirinixic Acid (2008)

A novel class of potent 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) product synthesis inhibitors based on the structure of pirinixic acid (4-chloro-6-(2,3-xylidino)-2-pyrimidinylthioacetic acid, compound 1) is presented. Systematic profiling of 1, i.e., esterification of the carboxylic acid, alpha-substitution, and replacement of the o-dimethylaniline by 6-aminoquinoline, leads to potent suppressors of 5-LO product formation in activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes, exemplified by ethyl 2-[4-chloro-6-(quinoline-6-ylamino)-pyrimidin-2-ylsulfanyl]octane-1-carboxylate (6d, IC50 = 0.6 microM). These derivatives may possess potential for intervention with inflammatory and allergic diseases.
Mycoplasmas associated with canine infectious respiratory disease (2004)

Canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD) is a complex infection that occurs worldwide predominantly in kennelled dogs, and several bacterial and viral micro-organisms have been associated with outbreaks of CIRD. However, few studies have comprehensively examined the species of mycoplasma present in healthy dogs and those with CIRD. As part of an extensive study investigating the micro-organisms involved in CIRD, the species of mycoplasma present throughout the respiratory tract of dogs with and without CIRD were determined. Mycoplasmas were cultured from tonsillar, tracheal and bronchial lavage samples, and identified to the species level by PCR and sequencing. Mycoplasma cynos was demonstrated on the ciliated tracheal epithelium by in situ hybridization and was the only mollicute found to be associated with CIRD, but only in the lower respiratory tract. Isolation of M. cynos was correlated with an increased severity of CIRD, younger age and a longer time in the kennel.
Identification and Characterization of a Novel Human Collectin CL‐K1 (2006)

Collectins are a family of C-type lectins with two characteristic structures, collagen like domains and carbohydrate recognition domains. They recognize carbohydrate antigens on microorganisms and act as host-defense. Here we report the cloning and characterization of a novel collectin CL-K1. RT-PCR analyses showed CL-K1 mRNA is present in all organs. The deduced amino acid sequence and the data from immunostaining of CL-K1 cDNA expressing CHO cells revealed that CL-K1 is expressed as a secreted protein. CL-K1 is found in blood by immunoblotting and partial amino acid analyses. CL-K1 showed Ca(2+)-dependent sugar binding activity of fucose and weakly mannose but not N-acetyl-galactosamine, N-acetyl-glucosamine, or maltose, though mannose-binding lectin (MBL) containing similar amino acid motif. CL-K1 can recognize specially several bacterial saccharides due to specific sugar-binding character. Elucidation of the role of two ancestor collectins of CL-K1 and CL-L1 could lead to see the biological function of collectin family.