gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of a virus-specific effector–memory CD4+ T cell response by attenuated SIV infection (2006)

We investigated simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific CD4+ T cell responses in rhesus macaques chronically infected with attenuated or pathogenic SIV strains. Analysis of SIVDeltanef-infected animals revealed a relatively high frequency of SIV-specific CD4+ T cells representing 4-10% of all CD4+ T lymphocytes directed against multiple SIV proteins. Gag-specific CD4+ T cells in wild-type SIV-infected animals were 5-10-fold lower in frequency and inversely correlated with the level of plasma viremia. SIV-specific CD4+ cells from SIVDeltanef animals were predominantly CD27-CD28-CD45RAlowCCR7-CCR5-, consistent with an effector-memory subset, and included a fully differentiated CD45RA+CCR7- subpopulation. In contrast, SIV-specific CD4+ T cells from SIV-infected animals were mostly CD27+CD28+CD45RA-CCR7+CCR5+, consistent with an early central memory phenotype. The CD45RA+CCR7-CD4+ subset from SIVDeltanef animals was highly enriched for effector CD4+ T cells, as indicated by the perforin expression and up-regulation of the lysosomal membrane protein CD107a after SIV Gag stimulation. SIV-specific CD4+ T cells in attenuated SIV-infected animals were increased in frequency in bronchioalveolar lavage and decreased in lymph nodes, consistent with an effector-memory T cell population. The ability of SIVDeltanef to induce a high frequency virus-specific CD4+ T cell response with direct effector function may play a key role in protective immunity produced by vaccination with attenuated SIV strains.
Thermodynamics and Kinetics of a Brownian Motor (1997)

Nonequilibrium fluctuations, whether generated externally or by a chemical reaction far from equilibrium, can bias the Brownian motion of a particle in an anisotropic medium without thermal gradients, a net force such as gravity, or a macroscopic electric field. Fluctuation-driven transport is one mechanism by which chemical energy can directly drive the motion of particles and macromolecules and may find application in a wide variety of fields, including particle separation and the design of molecular motors and pumps.
Synthesis and Biological Activities of Some New Pyridazine Derivatives (1989)

Abstract The reactions of 4‐carboxyhydrazide‐5,6‐diphenyl‐3(2H)‐pyridazinone (I) with aromatic aldehydes, phenyl isothiocyanate, β dicarbonyl compounds, ethyl ethoxymethylenecyanoacetate, ethyl cyanoacetate and acylating agents have been investigated. Oxadiazolines (III) and thiazolidinones (IV) were synthesized from arylidenehydrazides (II) through appropriate routes. The thiosemicarbazide derivative (V) on reaction with malonic acid and acetyl chloride gave VII , and on treatment with monochloroacetic acid and sodium acetate afforded IX . Some reactions with 3‐amino‐4,5‐diphenylpyrazolo [3,4‐b] pyridazine ( XIVa ) were also reported.
Possible role of inhibition of glutathione S-transferase in the partial reversal of chlorambucil resistance by indomethacin in a Chinese hamster ovary cell line. (1989)

We have reported previously the isolation and characterization of a Chinese hamster ovary cell line, designated CHO-Chlr, which exhibits resistance to bifunctional nitrogen mustards while maintaining sensitivity to a range of other alkylating agents and chemotherapeutic drugs. This enhanced drug resistance is associated with a greater than 40-fold increase in the level of expression of an alpha class (YcYc) glutathione S-transferase (GST) as compared to the parental, CHO-K1, cell line. Here, we have purified GST from CHO-Chlr cells and show that the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug indomethacin acts as an inhibitor of enzyme activity. Indomethacin at 500 microM causes no significant decrease in colony forming ability of either CHO-K1 or CHO-Chlr cells. However, the cytotoxicity of chlorambucil is potentiated 5.5-fold in CHO-Chlr cells, but only 2.5-fold in CHO-K1 cells following preexposure to 500 microM indomethacin. In contrast, the antiinflammatory agent acetylsalicylic acid failed to inhibit the activity of purified GST and caused no potentiation of chlorambucil toxicity, suggesting that the potentiation by indomethacin is not due to the effects of this drug on prostaglandin synthesis. These studies provide further evidence that GSTs may be involved in the development of resistance to bifunctional alkylating agents and suggest that indomethacin, or agents with similar activities, may be of value as an adjunct to chemotherapy in some patients with tumors resistant to treatment with alkylating agents.
A review of advanced catalyst development for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis of hydrocarbons from biomass derived syn-gas (2014)

Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is a process which converts syn-gas (H2 and CO) to synthetic liquid fuels and valuable chemicals. Thermal gasification of biomass represents a convenient route to produce syn-gas from intractable materials particularly those derived from waste that are not cost effective to process for use in biocatalytic or other milder catalytic processes. The development of novel catalysts with high activity and selectivity is desirable as it leads to improved quality and value of FTS products. This review paper summarises recent developments in FT-catalyst design with regards to optimising catalyst activity and selectivity towards synthetic fuels.
Expression of HIV-1 Envelope Glycoproteins by Semliki Forest Virus Vectors (1993)

We have used Semliki Forest virus (SFV) vectors to express both the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope precursor gp160 and the cleaved external portion gp120. Expression of the foreign gene in this system is by transfection of recombinant SFV RNA, or by infection with a recombinant SFV virus that has a wide host range. pSFV1-gp120 or pSFV1-gp160 were expressed in baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells and two human cell lines: HeLa cervical carcinoma and MOLT-4 CD4 + T cells. After SFV1-gp120 infection of HeLa cells, 3.3 μg of gp120 was secreted into the media by 1 million cells in a 24-hr period. The secreted envelope glycoprotein was recognized by anti-gp120 monoclonal antibodies directed against both linear and conformation-dependent epitopes in different regions of the molecule. The recombinant gp120 also bound to a soluble form of the CD4 receptor. Syncytium formation was observed when MOLT-4 cells were infected with SFV1-gp160. The gp160 expressed by BHK cells induced syncytia during cocultivation with C8166 CD4 + T cells. These data indicate that SFV vectors can be used to produce the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins to high levels, and that these proteins are correctly processed, folded, and transported to the cell surface. Furthermore, they exhibit functional activity as indicated by their ability to bind to soluble receptor and induce cell-to-cell fusion.
Molecular Engineering of Aqueous Soluble Triarylboron-Compound-Based Two-Photon Fluorescent Probe for Mitochondria H2S with Analyte-Induced Finite Aggregation and Excellent Membrane Permeability (2015)

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a multifunctional signaling molecule that participates in many important biological processes. Herein, by functionalizing triarylboron with cyclen and diphenylamine, we synthesized TAB-1, TAB-2, and TAB-3 for H2S recongnization by rational design of molecular structures. Among them, aqueous soluble TAB-2 possesses excellent properties, including large two-photon action cross section, membrane permeability and can effectively complex with Cu(2+). The complex of TAB-2-Cu(2+) can selectively detect H2S with an instant response and mitochondria targeted. Moreover, the H2S-induced finite aggregation of indicators enhances their photostability and causes variation of the fluorescence lifetime. TAB-2-Cu(2+) has also been successfully applied for the mitochondria H2S imaging in NIH/3T3 fibroblast cells by TPM and FLIM.
A passive UHF RFID system with a low-power capacitive sensor interface (2014)

In this work, a passive UHF RFID system for capacitive sensor applications is presented. The design of the base station and the passive RFID tag is explained. The tag consists of an inductively-fed, meandered dipole antenna and an IC that contains the remote powering, communication, and sensor interface circuitry. The rectifier in the tag is a highly efficient differential rectifier with self threshold cancellation. A low-power, all-digital, PLL-based sensor interface is used to read the differential capacitive sensor on the tag. The pulsewidth modulated sensor data is sent to the base station by backscattering. The base station is implemented using discrete components with a custom designed patch antenna. The reflection from the tag antenna under different loading conditions is measured in the anechoic chamber. The whole system is measured and it is shown that the sensor value can be read from the base station. The tag chip is implemented in 0.18 μm UMC CMOS process.
A Strategy for Delivering Peptides into the Central Nervous System by Sequential Metabolism (1992)

Most peptides do not enter the central nervous system because of their hydrophilic character and the presence of peptidolytic enzymes in the lipoidal blood-brain barrier. To achieve brain delivery of a peptide conjugate, an opioid peptide (enkephalin) was placed in a molecular environment that disguises its peptide nature and provides biolabile, lipophilic functions to penetrate the blood-brain barrier by passive transport. The strategy also incorporates a 1,4-dihydrotrigonellinate targetor that undergoes an enzymatically mediated oxidation to a hydrophilic, membrane-impermeable trigonellinate salt. The polar targetorpeptide conjugate that is trapped behind the lipoidal blood-brain barrier is deposited in the central nervous system. Analgesia was observed with "packaged" enkephalin but not with the unmodified peptide or lipophilic peptide precursors.
Effect of Music and Rhythm on Physical Performance (1978)

Abstract The effect of synchronized and asynchronized movement to music on the ability to endure a physical task was examined. The relative work loads for 32 male and female subjects (ranging in age from 19 to 22 years) on the PWC170 test (physical work capacity, 170 bpm) were calculated and used as the criterion for exercise intensity. Subjects were then assigned in counterbalanced order to each of three conditions: synchronous movement to music, asynchronous movement to music, and a control condition. A Sex by Conditions repeated-measures ANOVA indicated that music, particularly if synchronized to physical movement, had a positive effect on the ability to endure the task and that male subjects endured longer than female subjects.
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and its free subunits in hydrocele fluids and neoplastic tissue of testicular cancer patients: insights into the in vivo hCG-secretion pattern. (1994)

To obtain insight into the secretion pattern of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and its free subunits, hCG alpha and hCG beta, in vivo, we analyzed hydrocele fluids of 13 patients with testicular cancer and correlated the respective values to those of cubital vein and testicular vein serum. As a control population, patients with nonmalignant hydroceles (n = 11) were studied. Analyses were performed with a set of highly sensitive and specific time-resolved fluoroimmunoassays based on our own panel of monoclonal antibodies. In the collective of testicular cancer patients, increased hydrocele levels of either hCG or free hCG alpha or free hCG beta were observed in 77, 54, and 92% of cases; the corresponding percentages for cubital vein serum were 62, 23, and 31%. The cubital vein ratio of hCG:hCG alpha (546:1) and hCG:hCG beta (51:1) decreased to 64:1 and to 7:1 in the hydrocele fluids. Surprisingly, hydrocele fluids of five patients with pure seminoma, who were negative for the three markers in the periphery, revealed an elevation of free hCG beta in all cases, while hCG alpha and holo-hCG were elevated twice. Final proof that hCG beta and hCG alpha are indeed produced by these previously termed "marker negative" seminomas has been achieved by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction with primers specific for the alpha-subunit and the four most abundantly transcribed hCG beta genes 3, 5, 7, and 8. From these data, we conclude that: (alpha) seminomatous and nonseminomatous testicular cancers, irrespective of histology, secrete hCG and its free subunits; (b) the amount of free subunits being secreted in vivo by these tumors has been underestimated; and (c) the classification in marker-positive and marker-negative testicular cancer should be reconsidered.
The Effect of Cholesterol-Lowering and Antioxidant Therapy on Endothelium-Dependent Coronary Vasomotion (1995)

The improvement in endothelium-dependent vasomotion with cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant therapy may have important implications for the activity of myocardial ischemia and may explain in part the reduced incidence of adverse coronary events that is known to result from cholesterol-lowering therapy.
C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin-6, and Soluble Adhesion Molecules as Predictors of Progressive Peripheral Atherosclerosis in the General Population (2005)

These findings suggest that CRP, IL-6, and ICAM-1 are molecular markers associated with atherosclerosis and its progression. IL-6 showed more consistent results and stronger independent predictive value than other inflammatory markers.
Thru-Match-Reflect: One Result of a Rigorous Theory for De-Embedding and Network Analyzer Calibration (1988)

A theory for network analyzer calibration and de-embeding is presented in which the calibration constants are evaluated via linear equations. The error-removal is accomplished by convenient matrix multiplication. It is shown that calibration procedures known until now are included as special cases. As results of the theory new more general concepts are presented, e.g. TMR and TAN, which have no inherent limit in bandwidth and no lower frequency limit.
Couples' Ratings of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients' Quality of Life (2003)

The purpose of this study was to compare perceptual differences between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and their non-COPD spouses regarding the patients' health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Sixty-seven community-dwelling COPD patients and their non-COPD spouses participated. Participants completed the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) and the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). On both questionnaires, spouses' perceptions of patients' HRQOL were lower than those of the patients themselves. At the bivariate level, statistically significant differences were found on the SIP in the physical domain and on the SGRQ in the psychosocial domain. At the multivariate level, the age and gender of both the patients and spouses accounted for 22% of score differences in the psychosocial domain of HRQOL for the SGRQ. Discordance was greatest among the oldest couples with female non-COPD spouses. Domain-specific HRQOL differences provide direction for supportive nursing interventions to enhance coping among COPD couples.
Pentapeptide scanning mutagenesis: random insertion of a variable five amino acid cassette in a target protein (1997)

A new insertion method for probing protein functional organization was developed. The method relies on the random insertion of transposon Tn 4430 and subsequent in vitro deletion of the bulk of the transposon after which a 15 bp insertion remains within the target gene. This results in pentapeptide insertions randomly distributed in the target protein. Characterization of 23 pentapeptide insertions in TEM-1beta-lactamase demonstrated the utility of the method. The phenotypes associated with the mutated beta-lactamase proteins equated both with the sorts of local peptide structures in which the pentapeptide insertions occurred and their position in the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme.
Dimer acid structures. the thermal dimer of methyl 10‐trans, 12‐trans, linoleate (1964)

Abstract Thermal dimerization of the conjugated 10‐ trans , 12‐ trans linoleate (250C, 5 hr) produced a dimer whose structure is shown to be that of the Diels‐Alder reaction between two molecules of monomer, with one molecule acting as diene, and either one of the two double bonds of the second molecule acting as dieneophile. This produces four skeletal isomers of a tetrasubstituted (1,2,3,4) cyclohexene structure with ॅ‐ ॆ unsaturation on one chain. The isomers formed depend on whether the 10 or the 12 double bond acts as dieneophile, and whether the monomers add 舠head to head舡 or 舠head to tail.舡 Evidences for the structures include chemical analyses, ozonolysis, nuclear magnetic resonance, IR and UV spectrometry and particularly mass spectrometry of the distilled dimer, of the completely hydrogenated dimer, and of the aromatized dimer formed by catalytic dehydrogenation. The hydrogenated dimer can be separated into two components by TLC. These are probably related to 舠head to head舡 vs. 舠head to tail舡 addition.
Reversal by L-Glutamine of the Inhibition of Lymphocyte Mitosis Caused by E. coli Asparaginase (1970)

Inhibition of lymphocyte mitosis by E. coli L-asparaginase can be prevented by addition of L-glutamine to enzymetreated culture medium. Like arginine, glutamine appears to be essential for lymphocyte transformation and mitosis, while exogenous asparagine is not required.
The TMPRSS2–ERG Gene Fusion Blocks XRCC4-Mediated Nonhomologous End-Joining Repair and Radiosensitizes Prostate Cancer Cells to PARP Inhibition (2015)

Exposure to genotoxic agents, such as ionizing radiation (IR), produces DNA damage, leading to DNA double-strand breaks (DSB); IR toxicity is augmented when the DNA repair is impaired. We reported that radiosensitization by a PARP inhibitor (PARPi) was highly prominent in prostate cancer cells expressing the TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion protein. Here, we show that TMPRSS2-ERG blocks nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair by inhibiting DNA-PKcs. VCaP cells, which harbor TMPRSS2-ERG and PC3 cells that stably express it, displayed γH2AX and 53BP1 foci constitutively, indicating persistent DNA damage that was absent if TMPRSS2-ERG was depleted by siRNA in VCaP cells. The extent of DNA damage was enhanced and associated with TMPRSS2-ERG's ability to inhibit DNA-PKcs function, as indicated by its own phosphorylation (Thr2609, Ser2056) and that of its substrate, Ser1778-53BP1. DNA-PKcs deficiency caused by TMPRSS2-ERG destabilized critical NHEJ components on chromatin. Thus, XRCC4 was not recruited to chromatin, with retention of other NHEJ core factors being reduced. DNA-PKcs autophosphorylation was restored to the level of parental cells when TMPRSS2-ERG was depleted by siRNA. Following IR, TMPRSS2-ERG-expressing PC3 cells had elevated Rad51 foci and homologous recombination (HR) activity, indicating that HR compensated for defective NHEJ in these cells, hence addressing why TMPRSS2-ERG alone did not lead to radiosensitization. However, the presence of TMPRSS2-ERG, by inhibiting NHEJ DNA repair, enhanced PARPi-mediated radiosensitization. IR in combination with PARPi resulted in enhanced DNA damage in TMPRSS2-ERG-expressing cells. Therefore, by inhibiting NHEJ, TMPRSS2-ERG provides a synthetic lethal interaction with PARPi in prostate cancer patients expressing TMPRSS2-ERG.
CLINICAL EXPERIENCES WITH ETHYLENE-OXYGEN ANESTHESIA (1923)

Several months ago, a preliminary report was published on the use of ethylene gas as an anesthetic in a series of 106 operative cases.1A previous report presented a rather detailed study of the physiologic action of the gas on the usual laboratory animals, including a number of normal men.2Since that time the number of operations performed at the Presbyterian Hospital, Chicago, has risen to some 800. In the preliminary communication on the clinical phases of the work, certain important facts received no mention at all, and others were ascertained only as the work progressed. Our attention was furthermore called3to some earlier literature on ethylene which we had overlooked in spite of what we considered a thorough search.4These reasons have prompted us to issue this report. LITERATURE Before presenting the reader with a brief chronological report on the real and alleged studies on
A new method of Johnson noise thermometry (1974)

A new method of Johnson noise thermometry was developed and experimentally evaluated. The absolute temperature Ts was determined by measuring the available thermal noise power, i.e., the product of the open-circuit thermal noise voltage and the short-circuit thermal noise current generated by a sensing resistor at temperature Ts. The measured thermal noise power from the thermometer is a linear function of absolute temperature. This new method is independent of the sensing-resistor composition, the mass and nature of the charge carriers, and, in principle, the ohmic value of the resistor. Consequently, the method has a wide range of application, including use in the realization of an absolute thermodynamic temperature scale and especially in the measurement of high temperatures, particularly in nuclear reactors where the properties of sensor materials not only change due to the aging effects induced by the high temperatures but also change drastically because of radiation damage and transmutation. An evaluation of the method was performed with the sensor and signal processor both located in an area of high electrical background noise. The signal cable connecting the sensor to the signal processor was about 0.5 m in length. The deviations of the experimental data were not more than ± 0.10% from a straight line calibration through absolute 0 K in the temperature range ΔT from 725 to 1275 K. In the range ΔT, the maximum error in the indicated temperature for a 100% increase in the value of the sensing resistor at a fixed temperature was ± 0.60% and for a 50% decrease, was −1.00%. The feasibility of separating the thermal noise signal from electrical background noise induced in a long signal cable was demonstrated with the sensor and signal processor connected with a 30 m long coaxial cable. With the extraneous noise power in the cable, more than an order-of-magnitude greater than the thermal noise power, the uncertainty in temperature due to the extraneous noise was less than 1% at 100 C.
A model of the platelet factor 4 complex with heparin (1992)

A model of heparin bound to bovine platelet factor 4 (BPF4) was completed using a graphically designed heparin molecule and the crystallographic coordinates of the native bovine platelet factor 4 tetramer. The oligosaccharides had a chain length of at least eight disaccharide units with the major repeating disaccharide unit consisting of (1----4)-O-(alpha-L-idopyranosyluronic acid 2-sulfate)-(1----4)-(2-deoxy-2-sulfamino-2-D-glucopyranosyl 6-sulfate). Each disaccharide unit carried a -4.0 charge. The structure of BPF4 was solved to 2.6 A resolution with R = 0.237. Each monomer of BPF4 contains an alpha-helix lying across 3 strands of antiparallel beta-sheet. Each helix has four lysines, which have been implicated in heparin binding. These lysine residues are predominantly on one side of the helix and are solvent accessible. Electrostatic calculations performed on the BPF4 tetramer show a ring of strong, positive charge which runs perpendicularly across the helices. Included in this ring of density is His-38, which has been shown by NMR to have a large pKa shift when heparin binds to BPF4. Our model of heparin bound to PF4 has the anionic polysaccharide perpendicular to the alpha-helices, wrapped about the tetramer along the ring of positive charge, and salt linked to all four lysines on the helix of each monomer.
Measurement of Dynamic Ocular Surface Temperature in Healthy Subjects Using a New Thermography Device (2012)

Ocular surface temperature measurements made using the Tomey TG 1000 in healthy subjects showed excellent intraobserver reproducibility. This novel non-invasive technique offers new options for increased understanding of the physiology of the ocular surface.