gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential effect of serotonin on cytokine production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: involvement of 5-hydroxytryptamine2A receptors (2003)

In order to provide additional insight into the in vivo significance of serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] in inflammation, we examined its effect on the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-1 receptor antagonist in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). 5-HT inhibited TNF-alpha production and increased IL-1beta production in PBMC. The level of IL-1beta-converting enzyme/caspase-1 remained unchanged, suggesting that the effect of 5-HT is not directly related to the IL-1beta maturation process. TNF-alpha mRNA and IL-1beta mRNA content did not change in the presence of 5-HT. 5-HT did not have any effect on the production of other cytokines studied. The inhibitory effect of 5-HT on TNF-alpha production was antagonized by ketanserin, a selective 5-HT(2A) antagonist, and mimicked by DOI, a selective 5-HT(2A/2C) agonist. These findings suggest that the inhibition of TNF-alpha production by 5-HT involves the participation of the 5-HT(2A) receptor subtypes in PBMC. Accordingly, we detected the presence of 5-HT(2A) receptors in PBMC by Western blot analysis. Our data support a role of 5-HT in inflammation through its effect on cytokine production in PBMC.
InAs self-organized quantum dashes grown on GaAs (211)B (1997)

We have grown InAs self-organized quantum dots and quantum dashes on GaAs (211)B substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. The growth temperature dependence of InAs nanostructures were studied by in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and ex situ atomic force microscopy. In the studied temperature range from 400 to 510 °C, the RHEED pattern changed from streaky to spotty after deposition of 6 ML of InAs, showing the formation of nanostructures. The quantum dots grown at lower growth temperatures (from 400 to 490 °C) showed bimodal dot size distribution. At higher growth temperatures, a drastic change from quantum dots to quantum dashes was observed. The quantum dashes have an asymmetric hutlike shape and align themselves along the [011̄] direction. The quantum dash width increases dramatically, whereas the average length and density increases slightly on further deposition of InAs.
Copper, Ceruloplasmin, Superoxide Dismutase and Iron Parameters in Parkinson's Disease (1999)

In a previous study we found copper dyshomeostasis in patients with Alzheimer's disease. In this study, levels of copper in plasma, of ceruloplasmin in serum and ceruloplasmin oxidative activity as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in erythrocytes were determined in 40 patients with Parkinson's disease and their healthy age- and gender-matched controls. Copper concentrations did not differ significantly in the two groups, whereas both ceruloplasmin concentrations and ceruloplasmin oxidative activity were significantly lower in the patients, also relative to ceruloplasmin mass. SOD activity was not significantly different in the two groups but decreased significantly with the duration of disease. The same was found for ceruloplasmin oxidative activity. Ceruloplasmin oxidative activity and SOD activity did not decrease with age. Levels of serum iron, serum ferritin and total iron binding capacity were determined in about 30 of the patients and an equal number of controls and were not found to differ. Transferrin levels were significantly lower in the patients than in their controls but, conversely, the transferrin saturation was significantly higher in the patients. The results indicate that patients with Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease have defective ceruloplasmin and SOD activities in common and that these defects are not necessarily associated with major disturbances in iron homeostasis.
Formation of Nitric Oxide during Tobacco Oxidation (2003)

The sources of NO during biomass oxidation, and in particular tobacco oxidation, have been disputed. Literature results range from decomposition of nitrate to the oxidation of atmospheric nitrogen. To rectify these discrepancies, this study focuses on the sources of nitric oxide (NO) during the oxidation of tobacco samples. When Burley tobacco was heated in a partially oxidized atmosphere, NO was produced at two distinct temperature ranges, namely 275-375 degrees C (the low-temperature range) and 425-525 degrees C (the high-temperature range). The formation of NO at the low-temperature range with Burley tobacco was found to be unaffected by oxygen, while the formation of NO at the high-temperature range required an oxygen atmosphere. With Bright and Oriental tobacco, NO was produced only within the higher-temperature range. To understand the formation processes and the sources of NO formation within these two temperature ranges, several endogenous nitrogenous tobacco compounds were examined. These were mixed with non-nitrogenous biomass model materials, namely cellulose, pectin, xylan, or lignin, which also occur naturally in tobacco, and the mixtures were heated in a flow tube reactor under a partially oxidative atmosphere. A commercial gas analyzer was used to monitor the formation of NO during heating. Nitrate ion was determined to be the source of NO formation in the range of 275-375 degrees C. This ion was decomposed in a carbonaceous surrounding to produce NO. For NO formation at the higher temperature range, amino acids and proteins were shown to be the sources. The interaction between nitrogenous organic compounds (amino acids and proteins) and pectin first produced a nitrogen-containing char at a temperature below 350 degrees C. Oxidation of this char at the higher temperatures produced NO.
Purification and characterization of alkaline phosphatases from rabbit liver and small intestines (1993)

The intestinal alkaline phosphatases (I-ALP)and liver alkaline phosphatases (L-ALP) have been extracted from the rabbit and partially purified by butanol extraction and chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose column eluted with linear gradient of sodium chloride. It was shown that both L-ALP and I -ALP were markedly inhibited by chelater EDTA. The inhibition rate was determined to be 64.3% and 46.7% respectively. Levamisole and L-phenylalanine could selectively inhibit L ALP and I-ALP.The Km values of L-ALP and I-ALP were calculated to be 4.2×10-4 mol/L and 1.3×10-1 mol/L. Heat stability assay revealed that L-ALP was more stable than I-ALP to heat-treatment at 56℃ for 20 min. And L ALP and I-ALP were found to contain different isoenzymes as shown on polyacrylamide gels.
No correlation between insulin and islet amyloid polypeptide after stimulation with glucagon-like peptide-1 in type 2 diabetes (1997)

Type 2 diabetes is associated with elevated circulating IAPP; GLP-1stimulates IAPP secretion both in healthy human subjects and in type 2 diabetes; IAPP secretion correlates with insulin secretion only in healthy subjects and not in type 2 diabetes.
FMR1-dependent variability of ovarian aging patterns is already apparent in young oocyte donors (2013)

CGGn on FMR1 already at young ages affects FOR, but is clinically apparent only in cases of PDFOR. Screening for low FMR1 CGGn < 26 at young age, thus, appears predictive of later PDFOR.
Oestrogen effects on urine concentrating response in young women (2003)

Oestrogen lowers the plasma osmotic threshold for arginine vasopressin (AVP) release but without commensurate changes in renal concentrating response, suggesting oestrogen (OE2) may lower renal sensitivity to AVP. Ten women (23 +/- 1 years) received a gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa), leuprolide acetate, to suppress OE2 for 35 days, and then added OE2 (two patches each delivering 0.1 mg day-1) on days 32-35. On days 28 and 35 we tested blood and renal water and sodium (Na+) regulation during stepwise 60 min AVP infusions (10, 35, 100, 150 and 200 microu (kg body weight)-1 Pitressin). Plasma OE2 concentration increased from 19 +/- 4 to 152 +/- 3 pg ml(-1) and plasma progesterone concentration was unchanged (1.0 +/- 0.4 and 0.7 +/- 0.1 ng ml(-1)) for GnRHa and OE2 administration, respectively. Standard log plots of plasma AVP concentration ([AVP]P) vs. urine osmolality (OsmU) were fitted to a sigmoidal curve, and EC50 was determined by non-linear regression curve fitting of concentration-response data. OsmU rose exponentially during AVP infusions, but hormone treatments did not affect EC50 (3.3 +/- 0.07 and 3.1 +/- 0.6 pg ml(-1), for GnRHa and OE2, respectively). However, the urine osmolality increase was greater within the physiological range (approximately 2.5-3.4 pg ml(-1) [AVP]P) during OE2 treatment. Throughout most of the AVP infusion, the rate of clearance of AVP from plasma (PCRAVP) was increased during OE2 (45.5 ml (kg body weight)(-1) min(-1)) compared to GnRHa administration (33.1 ml (kg body weight)(-1) min(-1); mean for the 100-200 microu (kg body weight)(-1) infusion rates). The rate of renal free water clearance (CH2O) was similar between hormone treatments. Sodium excretion fell during OE2 administration due to greater distal tubular sodium reabsorption. Despite more rapid PCRAVP, renal concentrating response to graded AVP infusions was unaffected by oestrogen treatment suggesting oestrogen does not affect overall renal sensitivity to AVP. However, OE2 may increase renal fluid retention within a physiological range of AVP.
Direct Morphological Evidence of Neuroimmunomodulation in Colonic Mucosa of Patients with Crohn's Disease (1997)

Different neuropeptide-containing nerve fibers were investigated to clarify their role in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD) using immunohisto- and immunocytochemical techniques. Specimens were obtained from patients with CD from grossly affected colonic regions, from biopsies obtained from patients with CD treated with mesalazine and from control individuals. Quantitative analysis was made for the changes of the number of nerve terminals and their vesicle contents. The distribution pattern of all immunoreactive (IR) nerve fibers was similar both in the control and in the surgical specimens as well as in the biopsies obtained. The number of the synapses, the IR nerve fibers and their vesicle content were markedly decreased in the grossly affected colonic regions. Some degenerated axons were found in close proximity to the plasma cells. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated that substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and somatostatin IR nerve fibers were in direct contact with the plasma cells, lymphocytes and other immunocompetent cells. The gap between the membranes of immunoreactive nerve terminals and immunocompetent cells was 20-200 nm, in a few cases even less. In the mesalazine-treated group the number of the IR nerve terminals as well as their vesicle content was increased. These results suggest that changes in the number of different neuropeptide-containing nerve terminals and their content might alter the neuroimmunological processes, because these peptides are known to be immunoregulators.
Comparative efficacy and tolerability of pharmacological and somatic interventions in adult patients with treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review and network meta-analysis (2016)

This analysis revealed scarcity of long-term data on sustained remission that would allow a comparative long-term efficacy assessment. Key limitations of the analysis can be considered the search timeframe and the use of mapping formula for the depression scores.
Computer practices - Wireless advertising's challenges and opportunities (2003)

Rapidly developing wireless net-working technology and the growing mobile-device user base have fueled interest in activities that deliver advertisements to mobile devices over a wireless network. Studies by wireless media research companies indicate that delivering permission-based alerts to wireless phones captures consumers' attention, drives response actions, and builds brand awareness. Wireless devices are accessible, personal, and location aware. These characteristics allow for highly targeted, flexible, and dynamic wireless advertisements. Yet the target audience is vast, and users must be able to search for information, issue inquiries, and make purchases at any mobile location.
CD28 Costimulation Is Essential for Human T Regulatory Expansion and Function (2008)

The costimulatory requirements required for peripheral blood T regulatory cells (Tregs) are unclear. Using cell-based artificial APCs we found that CD28 but not ICOS, OX40, 4-1BB, CD27, or CD40 ligand costimulation maintained high levels of Foxp3 expression and in vitro suppressive function. Only CD28 costimulation in the presence of rapamycin consistently generated Tregs that consistently suppressed xenogeneic graft-vs-host disease in immunodeficient mice. Restimulation of Tregs after 8-12 days of culture with CD28 costimulation in the presence of rapamycin resulted in >1000-fold expansion of Tregs in <3 wk. Next, we determined whether other costimulatory pathways could augment the replicative potential of CD28-costimulated Tregs. We observed that while OX40 costimulation augmented the proliferative capacity of CD28-costimulated Tregs, Foxp3 expression and suppressive function were diminished. These studies indicate that the costimulatory requirements for expanding Tregs differ from those for T effector cells and, furthermore, they extend findings from mouse Tregs to demonstrate that human postthymic Tregs require CD28 costimulation to expand and maintain potent suppressive function in vivo.
Amniotic Membrane as a Carrier for Cultivated Human Corneal Endothelial Cell Transplantation (2004)

The cell density and morphology of cHCECs on AM were similar to those of normal corneas, and cHCECs on AM were functional in vivo. These results indicate that AM maintains HCEC morphology and function and could serve as a carrier for cHCEC transplantation.
Discovery of ODM-201, a new-generation androgen receptor inhibitor targeting resistance mechanisms to androgen signaling-directed prostate cancer therapies (2015)

Activation of androgen receptor (AR) is crucial for prostate cancer growth. Remarkably, also castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is dependent on functional AR, and several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the addiction. Known causes of CRPC include gene amplification and overexpression as well as point mutations of AR. We report here the pharmacological profile of ODM-201, a novel AR inhibitor that showed significant antitumor activity and a favorable safety profile in phase 1/2 studies in men with CRPC. ODM-201 is a full and high-affinity AR antagonist that, similar to second-generation antiandrogens enzalutamide and ARN-509, inhibits testosterone-induced nuclear translocation of AR. Importantly, ODM-201 also blocks the activity of the tested mutant ARs arising in response to antiandrogen therapies, including the F876L mutation that confers resistance to enzalutamide and ARN-509. In addition, ODM-201 reduces the growth of AR-overexpressing VCaP prostate cancer cells both in vitro and in a castration-resistant VCaP xenograft model. In contrast to other antiandrogens, ODM-201 shows negligible brain penetrance and does not increase serum testosterone levels in mice. In conclusion, ODM-201 is a potent AR inhibitor that overcomes resistance to AR-targeted therapies by antagonizing both overexpressed and mutated ARs. ODM-201 is currently in a phase 3 trial in CRPC.
Phosphorescence from iridium complexes doped into polymer blends (2004)

Energy transfer from the polymer blends, poly(vinylcarbazole) (PVK) with 2-tert-butylphenyl-5-biphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol (PBD), to an organometallic emitter, tris[9,9-dihexyl-2-(phenyl-4′-(-pyridin-2″-yl))fluorene] iridium (III) [Ir(DPPF)3], is investigated by steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. A redshifted PL and slow fluorescence decay are due to the formation of an exciplex in PVK-PBD blends. A decrease in intensity in polymer blends observed at 425 nm with increasing concentrations of Ir(DPPF)3 and an evident rising feature observed in films with 1 wt % Ir(DPPF)3 in the range of 578 to 615 nm within a 200 ns timescale indicate that efficient Förster energy transfer from exciplex to Ir(DPPF)3 occurs. The electrophosphorescent light-emitting diodes fabricated with PVK-PBD doped with Ir(DPPF)3 have external quantum efficiency of 8% ph/el, luminous efficiency of 29 cd/A and brightness greater than 3500 cd/m2 at 1 wt % Ir(DPPF)3. The devices exhibited no electroluminescence (EL) emission from PVK or PBD even at a low concentration of Ir(DPPF)3 (0.1 wt %), which indicates that the dominant mechanism in EL is charge trapping rather than energy transfer.
New magnetooptic head with a built-in generator for a bias magnetic field (1988)

A high performance magnetooptic head, which generates a bias magnetic field itself, has been developed. It has a moving magnet actuator to drive an objective lens. The moving magnets have two functions. One is to apply a constant magnetic field on the recording medium. The other is to comprise a magnetic circuit for focusing and tracking control. This magnetooptic head is suitable for use in the two-head erase and write method, in which it is not necessary to change the polarity of the bias magnetic field. Moreover, it enables designing a small-sized magnetooptic disk drive, because a bias magnetic field generator is built into the optical head.
Effect of Quercetin Supplementation on Repeated-Sprint Performance, Xanthine Oxidase Activity, and Inflammation (2011)

Maintenance of repeated-sprint performance is a goal during team-sport competition such as soccer. Quercetin has been shown to be an adenosine-receptor antagonist and may reduce oxidative stress via inhibition of the enzyme xanthine oxidase (XO). The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of quercetin consumption on performance of repeated sprints and, secondarily, the XO and inflammatory-marker response induced by repeated-sprint exercise. Fifteen recreationally active, young adult men completed 2 repeated-sprint tests (RST), 12 × 30-m maximal-effort sprints (S1-S12), each after 1 wk supplementation with a placebo, a 6% carbohydrate commercial sports drink, or that drink with 500 mg of quercetin-3-glucoside, consumed twice a day (1,000 mg/d). Blood samples were collected before supplementation (B0), at baseline before each RST (B1), immediately after RST (B2), and 1 hr after RST (B3). Mean sprint time increased progressively and was significantly higher by S9 for both treatments (5.9%); however, there were no significant differences between treatments. Percent fatigue decrement (%FD) for placebo (3.8% ± 2.3%) was significantly less than with quercetin (5.1% ± 2.7%). Changes in blood XO, IL-6, and uric acid from B1 to B2 were +47%, +77%, and +25%, respectively, with no difference by treatment. In conclusion, repeated-sprint performance was not improved by quercetin supplementation and was worse than with placebo when expressed as %FD. Quercetin did not attenuate indicators of XO activity or IL-6, a marker of the inflammatory response after sprint exercise.
Human Dioxin Receptor Chimera Transactivation in a Yeast Model System and Studies on Receptor Agonists and Antagonists (1995)

A yeast dioxin receptor chimera model has been developed to study ligand binding and transactivation properties of the human dioxin receptor. Using this new yeast model, the human dioxin receptor chimera was found to possess a constitutive transactivity on a LacZ reporter gene, however, the transactivation by the chimera was enhanced by the addition of several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to the culture medium. The order of best polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon inducer to worst correlated well with the known in vitro dioxin receptor binding affinities for these polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. 7,8-Benzoflavone, a weak dioxin receptor agonist and strong antagonist of the mammalian dioxin receptor also behaved as a weak agonist and strong antagonist of the human dioxin receptor chimera expressed in yeast. The implications for these findings as well as the utility of this new yeast human dioxin receptor chimera model are discussed.
UAV Dead Reckoning with and without using INS/GPS Integrated System in GPS denied Polar Regions (2019)

As the use of UAVs become an essential part of human exploration across the globe, GPS scarce environments like the polar regions present a challenge for UAV navigation due to ionospheric scintillation and poor position satellite geometry making it hard to regularly obtain reliable GPS data during navigation. To overcome this challenge, this paper will evaluate and compare the use of simple dead reckoning method vs dead reckoning based on the use of inertial navigation sensor INS/GPS based on Kalman Filter for UAV navigation in the polar regions. This research paper will evaluate and compare the errors associated with the Navigation parameters position, heading using both methods while in the geographic coordinate system reference frame.
Hepatitis C virus NS4A and NS4B proteins suppress translation in vivo (2001)

Many viruses can inhibit protein synthesis in their host cells by targeting translation ("translational shutoff"). There are few reports on the effects of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection on protein synthesis, because of the lack of a reproducible tissue culture system for HCV. In this study, the influence of seven HCV proteins (core, NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A, NS5B) on protein synthesis was examined using a reporter assay. In addition, it was determined whether the HCV proteins inhibit protein synthesis via transcription or translation using an RNase protection assay and the effect of HCV proteins on translation from the HCV internal ribosome entry site (IRES) was also examined using a bicistronic reporter. Of the seven HCV proteins, NS4A and NS4B proteins inhibited cellular protein synthesis by targeting the process of translation. They also inhibited translation from the HCV IRES. Moreover, NS4A protein, induced under the control of doxycycline, inhibited the proliferation of HeLa cells. In conclusion, HCV NS4A and NS4B proteins have an effect of translational inhibition. This novel function may be involved in HCV infection and help its survival in host cells.
The Treatment of Chronic Viral Hepatitis (1997)

Chronic viral hepatitis is the principal cause of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma in the world and now ranks as the chief reason for liver transplantation in adults.13 Of the five known hepatitis viruses, three can cause persistent infection and chronic hepatitis: the hepatitis B virus (HBV),4 the hepatitis C virus (HCV),5 and the hepatitis delta (or hepatitis D) virus (HDV).6 The other two viruses, hepatitis A and hepatitis E, cause acute, self-limited disease only. Recent findings suggest that there is an additional form of viral hepatitis to which two recently discovered human viruses — the hepatitis . . .