gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parathyroid Imaging With Pertechnetate Plus Perchlorate/MIBI Subtraction Scintigraphy (2000)

We set up a modified technetium-99m (Tc-99m) pertechnetate/Tc-99m MIBI (Tc-MIBI) subtraction scintigraphy for parathyroid imaging by introducing the use of potassium perchlorate (KCLO4). Initially, the effect of KCLO4 on technetium thyroid wash-out was evaluated in five healthy volunteers: 40-minute dynamic studies of the thyroid were obtained 20 minutes after the injection of technetium 150 MBq (4 mCi), both in baseline conditions and after the oral administration of 400 mg KCLO4. After an average latency time of 10.5 minutes, KCLO4 administration resulted in fast and relevant technetium thyroid wash-out with a mean half-time of 16.2 minutes (the half-time was 142.8 minutes in baseline conditions), and a 40-minute reduction of thyroid activity of 78% (it was 14% in baseline conditions). Based on these findings, a new Tc-MIBI subtraction procedure was established as follows: 1) 150 MBq technetium (4 mCi) injection; 2) 400 mg KCLO4 administered orally; 3) patient neck immobilization; 4) acquisition of a 5-minute technetium thyroid scan; 5) 500 MBq MIBI (13.5 mCi) injection; 6) acquisition of a sequence of seven MIBI images, each lasting 5 minutes; and 7) processing (image realignment when necessary, background subtraction, normalization of MIBI images to the maximum pixel count of the technetium image, and subtraction of the technetium image from the MIBI images). In addition, high-resolution neck ultrasound (US) was performed in all cases on the same day as the scintigraphic evaluation. Eighteen consecutive patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were enrolled in the study. Tc-MIBI scintigraphy revealed a single adenoma in all cases and US showed this finding in 15 of 18 cases (83.3%). Furthermore, in three patients, a thyroid nodule associated with hyperparathyroidism was detected by technetium thyroid scans and neck US. In all patients, the parathyroid adenoma was easily identified on both the 20- to 40-minute MIBI and subtracted (MIBI-Tc) images. Regarding the scintigraphic parameters, no difference was found between parathyroid adenomas located in the region of the thyroid bed or in ectopic sites and in parathyroid adenomas with a retrothyroid location. Surgical findings confirmed the presence of a single parathyroid adenoma in all cases. In the three patients with a concomitant thyroid nodule, thyroid lobectomy was performed. These preliminary data suggest that 1) double-tracer subtraction scintigraphy, combined with neck US, appears to be the preferable preoperative imaging procedure in hyperparathyroidism patients with concomitant thyroid nodular disease, 2) in the Tc-MIBI parathyroid scan, the use of KCLO4 results in a rapid and relevant technetium thyroid clearance, improving the quality of MIBI images and making the visualization of parathyroid adenomas, particularly those located behind the thyroid gland, easier.
Synthesis of Mono- and Dihydroxylated Furanoses, Pyranoses, and an Oxepanose for the Preparation of Natural Product Analogue Libraries (2005)

[structures: see text] Numerous biologically active natural products contain furanoses and pyranoses with mono- and dihydroxylated substituents. However, much of the structure-activity studies on such molecules is gathered on the aglycons without attention to the corresponding carbohydrate components. Consequently, there are few synthetic procedures that enable the rapid preparation of mono- and dihydroxyfuranoses and mono- and dihydroxypyranoses and no report for a 3,4-dihydroxyoxepanose. In this article we report the practical synthesis of orthogonally protected five-, six-, and seven-membered carbohydrate derivatives. The succinct manner in which these molecules were synthesized allows the rapid preparation of analogues aimed at discovering the role of ring size and individual hydroxyl moieties on the pyranose skeleton.
Control of color and efficiency of light-emitting diodes based on polyfluorenes blended with hole-transporting molecules (2000)

Adding low-molecular-weight hole-transporting molecules (HTM) with different oxidation potentials to the polyfluorene emission layer of single-layer light-emitting diodes causes significant changes in the device properties. The pronounced increase in luminance efficiency combined with a decrease in current is attributed to significant hole trapping, as further suggested by thermoluminescence experiments. Using a oligo-triphenylamine HTM with an ionization potential of ∼4.9 eV, light-emitting diodes with stable blue emission, a brightness of 800 cd/m2 and an efficiency of 0.87 cd/A were realized. Further, the red-emitting contribution to the spectra as observed in the pure polymer devices could be fully suppressed.
Implementing lottery scheduling: matching the specializations in traditional schedulers (1999)

This paper extends lottery scheduling, a proportional-share resource management algorithm, to provide the performance assurances present in traditional non-real time process schedulers. Proportional-share scheduling enables flexible control over relative process execution rates and provides load insulation among groups of processes using a ticket abstraction. We first show that a straightforward implementation of lottery scheduling does not provide the responsiveness for a mixed interactive and CPU-bound workload offered by the decay usage priority scheduler of the FreeBSD operating system. Moreover, standard lottery scheduling ignores kernel priorities used in the FreeBSD scheduler to reduce kernel lock contention. In this paper, we show how to use dynamic ticket adjustments to incorporate into a lottery scheduler the specializations present in the FreeBSD scheduler to improve interactive response time and reduce kernel lock contention. We achieve this while maintaining lottery schedu...
Device synchronization using an optimal linear filter (1992)

Abstract To be convincing and natural, interactive graphics applications must correctly synchronize user motion with rendered graphics and sound output. We present a solution to the synchronization problem that is based on optimal estimation methods and fixed-lag dataflow techniques. A method for discovering and correcting prediction errors using a generalized likelihood approach is also presented. And finally, Music World, a simulated environment employing these ideas, is described.
Organ-Selective Action of an Antitumor Drug: Pharmacologic Studies of Liposome-Encapsulated β-Cytosine Arabinoside Administered via the Respiratory System of the Rat2 (1979)

beta-Cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) in free and liposome encapsulated form was administered to Wistar rats by intratracheal institution. Free [3H]Ara-C administered in this manner rapidly left the lung and entered the systemic circulation. Liposome-encapsulated [3H]Ara-C persisted in the lung for a long period, with little redistribution to other tissues. Liposomes administered via the trachea became widely distributed throughout the lung air spaces, as evidenced by the histochemical localization of liposomes containing horse-radish peroxidase. Free Ara-C (5 mg/kg) administered into the trachea effectively suppressed macromolecular incorporation of [14C]thymidine ([14C]dThd) in the bone marrow and gut as well as in the lung. Liposome-encapsulated Ara-C (5 mg/kg) effectively suppressed macromolecular incorporation of [14C]dThd in the lung but had little effect on this process in the gut and bone marrow. Our results suggest that liposome-encapsulated Ara-C may be able to produce a local pharmacologic effect within the lung without producing adverse side effects in other tissues. This observation may be relevant to the chemotherapy of pulmonary metastases.
Runtime Data Layout Scheduling for Machine Learning Dataset (2017)

Machine Learning (ML) approaches are widely-used classification/regression methods for data mining applications. However, the time-consuming training process greatly limits the efficiency of ML approaches. We use the example of SVM (traditional ML algorithm) and DNN (state-of-the-art ML algorithm) to illustrate the idea in this paper. For SVM, a major performance bottleneck of current tools is that they use a unified data storage format because the data formats can have a significant influence on the complexity of storage and computation, memory bandwidth, and the efficiency of parallel processing. To address the problem above, we study the factors influencing the algorithm's performance and conduct auto-tuning to speed up SVM training. DNN training is even slower than SVM. For example, using a 8-core CPUs to train AlexNet model by CIFAR-10 dataset costs 8.2 hours. CIFAR-10 is only 170 MB, which is not efficient for distributed processing. Moreover, due to the algorithm limitation, only a small batch of data can be processed at each iteration. We focus on finding the right algorithmic parameters and using auto-tuning techniques to make the algorithm run faster. For SVM training, our implementation achieves 1.7-16.3× speedup (6.8× on average) against the non-adaptive case (using the worst data format) for various datasets. For DNN training on CIFAR-10 dataset, we reduce the time from 8.2 hours to only roughly 1 minute. We use the benchmark of dollars per speedup to help the users to select the right deep learning hardware.
Interaction between topography and coating in the formation of bone nodules in culture for hydroxyapatite- and titanium-coated micromachined surfaces (2001)

Rat osteoblast cultures were maintained from 24 h to 6 weeks on hydroxyapatite (HA)- or titanium (Ti)-coated smooth and micromachined grooved substrata in medium supplemented with L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate and beta-glycerophosphate to promote mineralization. The HA coatings, approximately 1 microm thick, were characterized using X-ray diffraction, surface roughness, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Osteoblasts elongated, aligned, and moved in the direction of the grooves on both Ti and HA grooved surfaces. HA surfaces produced significantly more bone-like nodules than Ti surfaces. All grooved substrata produced significantly more nodules than smooth surfaces. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that substrata can increase osteogenesis by formation of an appropriate microenvironment. There was also a statistically significant interaction between topography and chemistry in the formation of mineralized nodules. A strong correlation (r = 0.958) between alkaline phosphatase (Alk-P) at 2 weeks and nodule counts at 6 weeks was observed, suggesting that Alk-P may possibly be used as a leading indicator of osteogenesis on microfabricated surfaces. The results of this study indicate that surface topography and chemistry can affect osteogenesis, and that interactions between chemistry and topography can occur.
Dynamics of Plant Communities under Human Impact in the Green Belt nearby Seoul - The Balance of Litter Production and Decomposition in the Forests (1991)

In this study, the balnce of the litter production and decompsition on the forest floors in the green belt nearby seoul, which had been established in 1972, and turnover cycles of minerral nutrients were inverstigated. litter production and decomposition in the forests of quercus accutissima, q, serrata, q. mongolica, salix koreensis and alnus hirsuta were reached at the equilibium stated from 1972 to 1988 but this balance in the pine forest of pinus densiflore and p. rigida was not. Under the forests in the blance of the litter production and decomposition, the maximum amounts of n, p, k, ca and na retured to soil annually were 4.9g/㎡ in the alnus hirsuta forest, 0.35g/㎡ in the salix koreensis forest, 2.70g/㎡ in the quercus accutissima forest, 8.85g/㎡ in the s. koreensis forest and 3.93g/㎡ in the s. koreensis forest, respectively, and the minimum were 2.8g/㎡ in the s. koreensis forest, 0.108g/㎡ in the q. mongolica forest, 0.06g/㎡ in the s. koreensis forest, 2.12g/㎡ q. mongolica forest and 0.15g/㎡ in the q.accutissima forest
Circulating forms of parathyroid hormone detected with an immunofluorometric assay in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and in hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic renal failure (2001)

In patients with uremia, intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) measurement appears to overestimate the biologically active hormone in circulation. The recent description of the accumulation in these patients of a non-intact PTH form measured by the standard immunometric assays, re-opened the question. In this study we submitted serum samples from 7 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) and from 10 patients with hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic renal failure (SHP) to preparative HPLC in order to discriminate the molecular forms measured by our currently used immunofluorometric assay for intact PTH. The elution profile obtained with the HPLC system showed two clearly defined peaks, the first one corresponding to a lower molecular weight form, and the second to the intact PTH (1-84) form. In patients with SHP the area under the curve for the first peak (mean 29.5%, range 20.6 to 40.4%) was significantly greater than that observed for patients with PHP (mean 15.6%, range 5.6 to 21.9%). This confirms previous studies showing accumulation of molecular forms of slightly lower molecular weight, presumably PTH (7-84), in patients with SHP and, to a lesser extent, in patients with PHP. The real necessity of assays that discriminate between these two molecular forms is debatable.
Catheter-Based Renal Denervation for Resistant Hypertension (2014)

Renal denervation has emerged as a novel approach for the treatment of patients with drug-resistant hypertension. To date, only limited data have been published using multielectrode radiofrequency ablation systems. In this article, we present the 12-month data of EnligHTN I, a first-in-human study using a multielectrode ablation catheter. EnligHTN I enrolled 46 patients (average age, 60±10 years; on average 4.7±1.0 medications) with drug-resistant hypertension. Eligible patients were on ≥3 antihypertensive medications and had a systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥160 mm Hg (≥150 mm Hg for diabetics). Bilateral renal artery ablation was performed using a percutaneous femoral approach and standardized techniques. The average baseline office BP was 176/96 mm Hg, average 24-hour ambulatory BP was 150/83 mm Hg, and average home BP was 158/90 mm Hg. The average reductions (mm Hg) at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months were as follows: office: -28/-10, -27/-10, -26/-10, and -27/-11 mm Hg (P<0.001 for all); 24-hour ambulatory: -10/-5, -10/-5, -10/-6 (P<0.001 for all), and -7/-4 for 12 months (P<0.0094). Reductions in home measurements (based on 2-week average) were -9/-4, -8/-5,-10/-7, and -11/-6 mm Hg (P<0.001 at 12 months). At 12 months, there were no signals of worsening renal function and no new serious or life-threatening adverse events. One patient with baseline nonocclusive renal artery stenosis progressed to 75% diameter stenosis, requiring renal artery stenting. The 12-month data continue to demonstrate safety and efficacy of the EnligHTN ablation system in patients with drug-resistant hypertension. Home BP measurements parallel measurements obtained with 24-hour ambulatory monitoring.
Programming algorithms for multilevel phase-change memory (2011)

Phase-change memory (PCM) has emerged as one among the most promising technologies for next-generation non-volatile solid-state memory. Multilevel storage, namely storage of non-binary information in a memory cell, is a key factor for reducing the total cost-per-bit and thus increasing the competiveness of PCM technology in the nonvolatile memory market. In this paper, we present a family of advanced programming schemes for multilevel storage in PCM. The proposed schemes are based on iterative write-and-verify algorithms that exploit the unique programming characteristics of PCM in order to achieve significant improvements in resistance-level packing density, robustness to cell variability, programming latency, energy- per-bit and cell storage capacity. Experimental results from PCM test-arrays are presented to validate the proposed programming schemes. In addition, the reliability issues of multilevel PCM in terms of resistance drift and read noise are discussed.
von Willebrand Factor, Shear Stress, and ADAMTS13 in Hemostasis and Thrombosis (2012)

von Willebrand factor (VWF), an adhesive glycoprotein whose deficiency is best known for causing bleeding in patients with von Willebrand disease (VWD), is a complex molecule with a myriad of mysterious properties including its dependence on shear stress for adhesive functions. The discovery of ADAMTS13 has provided a critical impetus for understanding the regulation of VWF activity by shear stress. This communication reviews the current knowledge in VWF homeostasis and illustrates how this knowledge may help understand the changes affecting patients with various conditions including thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, VWD, hemolytic uremic syndrome, aortic stenosis, and ventricular assist devices.
Investigation of the Charge Compensation Mechanism on the Electrochemically Li-Ion Deintercalated Li1-xCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 Electrode System by Combination of Soft and Hard X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (2005)

In situ hard X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at metal K-edges and soft XAS at O K-edge and metal L-edges have been carried out during the first charging process for the layered Li1-xCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode material. The metal K-edge XANES results show that the major charge compensation at the metal site during Li-ion deintercalation is achieved by the oxidation of Ni2+ ions, while the manganese ions and the cobalt ions remain mostly unchanged in the Mn4+ and Co3+ state. These conclusions are in good agreement with the results of the metal K-edge EXAFS data. Metal L-edge XAS results at different charge states in both the FY and PEY modes show that, unlike Mn and Co ions, Ni ions at the surface are oxidized to Ni3+ during charge, whereas Ni ions in the bulk are further oxidized to Ni4+ during charge. From the observation of O K-edge XAS results, we can conclude that a large portion of the charge compensation during Li-ion deintercalation is achieved in the oxygen site. By comparison to our earlier results on the Li1-xNi0.5Mn0.5O2 system, we attribute the active participation of oxygen in the redox process in Li1-xCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 to be related to the presence of Co in this system.
Toward Software-Defined Cellular Networks (2012)

Existing cellular networks suffer from inflexible and expensive equipment, complex control-plane protocols, and vendor-specific configuration interfaces. In this position paper, we argue that software defined networking (SDN) can simplify the design and management of cellular data networks, while enabling new services. However, supporting many subscribers, frequent mobility, fine-grained measurement and control, and real-time adaptation introduces new scalability challenges that future SDN architectures should address. As a first step, we propose extensions to controller platforms, switches, and base stations to enable controller applications to (i) express high-level policies based on subscriber attributes, rather than addresses and locations, (ii) apply real-time, fine-grained control through local agents on the switches, (iii)perform deep packet inspection and header compression on packets, and (iv)remotely manage shares of base-station resources.
Bactericidal Activity of Mammalian Cathelicidin-Derived Peptides (2000)

Endogenous antimicrobial peptides of the cathelicidin family contribute to innate immunity. The emergence of widespread antibiotic resistance in many commonly encountered bacteria requires the search for new bactericidal agents with therapeutic potential. Solid-phase synthesis was employed to prepare linear antimicrobial peptides found in cathelicidins of five mammals: human (FALL39/LL37), rabbit (CAP18), mouse (mCRAMP), rat (rCRAMP), and sheep (SMAP29 and SMAP34). These peptides were tested at ionic strengths of 25 and 175 mM against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Each peptide manifested activity against P. aeruginosa irrespective of the NaCl concentration. CAP18 and SMAP29 were the most effective peptides of the group against all test organisms under both low- and high-salt conditions. Select peptides of 15 to 21 residues, modeled on CAP18 (37 residues), retained activity against the gram-negative bacteria and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus, although the bactericidal activity was reduced compared to that of the parent peptide. In accordance with the behavior of the parent molecule, the truncated peptides adopted an alpha-helical structure in the presence of trifluoroethanol or lipopolysaccharide. The relationship between the bactericidal activity and several physiochemical properties of the cathelicidins was examined. The activities of the full-length peptides correlated positively with a predicted gradient of hydrophobicity along the peptide backbone and with net positive charge; they correlated inversely with relative abundance of anionic residues. The salt-resistant, antimicrobial properties of CAP18 and SMAP29 suggest that these peptides or congeneric structures have potential for the treatment of bacterial infections in normal and immunocompromised persons and individuals with cystic fibrosis.
[2-(3-Fluoropyridinium-1-yl)-1-hydroxy-1-phosphonoethyl]phosphonate (2006)

The title compound, C7H10FNO7P2, crystallizes in the zwitterionic form. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked via inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involv­ing phospho­nate groups, forming a two-dimensional framework. In addition, weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the pyridinium groups further connect mol­ecules, forming a three-dimensional framework.
Fructan Content of Rye and Rye Products (2003)

ABSTRACT The fructan content of Finnish rye grains (13 samples, seven cultivars, harvested in 1998‐2000) varied at 4.6–6.6 g/100 g (db). Commercial whole grain rye flour and rye flakes had fructan content of 4 g/100 g, light refined rye flour had fructan content of 3 g/100 g, and rye bran had fructan content of 7 g/100 g. Fructan content as high as 23 g/100 g was detected in the water‐extractable concentrate of rye bran. Finnish soft rye bread and rye crisp bread contained 2–3 g of fructan/100 g. According to the suggested new definition of dietary fiber, fructans are also classified as dietary fiber. This means that the dietary fiber content of some cereal foods such as rye products may be increased by as much as 20% due to the presence of fructans in the grain.
A randomised controlled trial of medroxyprogesterone acetate in mastalgia. (1990)

A double-blind crossover study giving 20 mg/day of medroxyprogesterone acetate during the luteal phase was carried out in 26 women with cyclical mastalgia. Symptomatic response to this progestogen supplementation or placebo was assessed objectively by clinical examination and subjectively by linear analogue scales and breast pain charts. No significant relief of pain or tenderness was found on placebo or active treatment, irrespective of treatment order, and breast nodularity was similarly unaltered. No evidence of progesterone deficiency or prolactin abnormality was found. Side-effects were incurred in 11 patients (five on placebo, five on active treatment and one while on both) and were mostly vague premenstrual symptoms. We conclude that the therapeutic response of medroxyprogesterone acetate in cyclical mastalgia is no better than placebo and that progestogen supplementation can no longer be recommended for routine use in the management of breast pain.