gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of Reactive Oxygen Species by Bisphenol A and Abrogation of Bisphenol A-Induced Cell Injury by DJ-1 (2005)

DJ-1 was first identified as an activated ras-dependent oncogene. DJ-1 is related to male fertility, and its expression in sperm decreases in response to exposure to a number of reproductive toxicants. DJ-1 has been associated with the onset of familial Parkinson's disease (PD) in humans, and has been found to have activity against oxidative damage by eliminating reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we investigated the role of DJ-1 in oxidative stresses by administration of bisphenol A (BPA), which has been reported to induce oxidative stress in rodents, to male mice and cultured cells. In male mice, we found that BPA significantly increased the expression level of DJ-1 in the sperm and brain. In cultured Neuro2a and GC1 cells, we found that BPA induced ROS production and significantly compromised mitochondrial function concomitant with elevated expression and oxidization of DJ-1. DJ-1 was found to maintain the complex I activity against BPA-induced oxidative stress after the localization in mitochondria. The results showed that DJ-1 plays a role in the prevention of mitochondrial injury-induced cell death.
An underwater acoustic direct sequence spread spectrum communication system using dual spread spectrum code (2018)

With the goal of achieving high stability and reliability to support underwater point-to-point communications and code division multiple access (CDMA) based underwater networks, a direct sequence spread spectrum based underwater acoustic communication system using dual spread spectrum code is proposed. To solve the contradictions between the information data rate and the accuracy of Doppler estimation, channel estimation, and frame synchronization, a data frame structure based on dual spread spectrum code is designed. A long spread spectrum code is used as the training sequence, which can be used for data frame detection and synchronization, Doppler estimation, and channel estimation. A short spread spectrum code is used to modulate the effective information data. A delay cross-correlation algorithm is used for Doppler estimation, and a correlation algorithm is used for channel estimation. For underwater networking, each user is assigned a different pair of spread spectrum codes. Simulation results show that the system has a good anti-multipath, anti-interference, and anti-Doppler performance, the bit error rate can be smaller than 10−6 when the signal-to-noise ratio is larger than −10 dB, the data rate can be as high as 355 bits/s, and the system can be used in the downlink of CDMA based networks.
The programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 inhibitory pathway is up‐regulated in rheumatoid synovium and regulates peripheral T cell responses in human and murine arthritis (2010)

The negative costimulatory PD-1/PDL-1 pathway regulates peripheral T cell responses in both human and murine RA. PD-1/PDL-1 in rheumatoid synovium may represent an additional target for immunomodulatory therapy in RA.
Characterization of EGFR T790M, L792F, and C797S Mutations as Mechanisms of Acquired Resistance to Afatinib in Lung Cancer (2016)

Lung cancers harboring common EGFR mutations respond to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). We previously reported that tumors with exon 18 mutations are particularly sensitive to irreversible second-generation (2G) afatinib compared with first-generation TKIs (1G-TKI). However, data on the mechanisms of acquired resistance to afatinib are limited. We established afatinib-resistant cells by transfecting Ba/F3 cells with common or exon 18 (G719A and Del18) mutations and subjecting them to chronic exposure to increasing concentrations of afatinib. Afatinib-resistant clones were separately established through N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis and exposure to fixed concentrations of afatinib. Rebiopsy samples from patients whose tumors acquired resistance to afatinib were analyzed. Afatinib-resistant cells with Del19, L858R, or G719A developed T790M, whereas those with Del18 acquired novel L792F mutation. ENU mutagenesis screening established 84 afatinib-resistant clones. All Del19 clones and most of the other clones acquired only T790M. However, C797S occurred in subsets of L858R, G719A, and Del18 clones. In addition, subsets of Del18 clones acquired L792F. C797S-acquired cells were sensitive to 1G erlotinib. L792F demonstrated intermediate resistance between T790M and C797S to both 1G- and 3G-TKIs, whereas L792F was the least resistant to 2G-TKIs, particularly dacomitinib. Chronic exposure of Del18 + L792F cells to dacomitinib induced additional T790M. T790M was detected in one of four clinical samples. In conclusion, L792F and C797S, in addition to the major T790M, can develop in afatinib-resistant cells particularly using a low dose of afatinib, and these minor mutations appear to exhibit sensitivity to dacomitinib and erlotinib, respectively. These secondary mutations should be tested in clinical practice. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(2); 357-64. ©2016 AACRSee related article by Talbert et al., p. 344.
High-power superluminescent diodes (1988)

By inclining the active stripe of a planar AlGaAs double heterojunction structure by 5 degrees with respect to the facets, reflection feedback has been eliminated and high-power superluminescent diodes emitting 28 mW with less than 5% spectral modulation have been obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cellular content of ribonucleic acid and protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a function of exponential growth rate: calculation of the apparent peptide chain elongation rate (1975)

The average cellular content of ribonucleic acid and protein was determined in cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae growing exponentially at different rates in a variety of media. Estimations of the proportion of total cellular ribonucleic acid that is made up of ribosomal ribonucleic acid were used to calculate the average number of ribosomes per cell at the different growth rates. The fraction of ribosomes actively engaged in translation was estimated by sucrose gradient centrifugation of ribosomes and polysomes. These data were used in a calculation of the apparent time taken for the addition of an amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain; this value was found to vary linearly with growth rate over a fivefold range of doubling times.
Recombinant organisms for production of industrial products (2010)

A revolution in industrial microbiology was sparked by the discoveries of ther double-stranded structure of DNA and the development of recombinant DNA technology. Traditional industrial microbiology was merged with molecular biology to yield improved recombinant processes for the industrial production of primary and secondary metabolites, protein biopharmaceuticals and industrial enzymes. Novel genetic techniques such as metabolic engineering, combinatorial biosynthesis and molecular breeding techniques and their modifications are contributing greatly to the development of improved industrial processes. In addition, functional genomics, proteomics and metabolomics are being exploited for the discovery of novel valuable small molecules for medicine as well as enzymes for catalysis. The sequencing of industrial microbal genomes is being carried out which bodes well for future process improvement and discovery of new industrial products.
Regioselective Arylation of 1,3-Dimethyllumazine and Its 5-Oxide by Diazonium Salts (1997)

Summary A new method to introduce an aryl group directly into the pteridine nucleus by the action of arene diazonium salt in an aqueous alkaline solution is described. 1,3-Dimethyllumazine and benzene diazonium chloride reacts in an aqueous solution at pH 8-9 to give 7 -phenyl-1 ,3-dimethyllumazine together with a little of 6-phenyi-1 ,3-dimethyllumazine. The analogous reactions of 1,3-dimethyllumazine with 4-methyl-, 4-methm.),-, 4-chloro-, and 3-chlorobenzene diazonium chlorides give the corresponding 7-aryl-1,3-dimethyllumazines as major products together with a little of 6-aryl-1,3-dimethyllumazines. Reactions of 1,3-dimethyllumazine 5-oxide with arene diazonium salts under the same conditions exclusively afford the corresponding 6-aryl-1,3-dimethyllumazine 5-oxides which are easily converted to 6-aryl-1,3-dimethyllumazine by the action of tributylphosphine. Mechanisms concerning regioselectivities are investigated by using molecular orbital calculations.
Anticonvulsant Effect of DN‐1417, a Derivative of Thyrotropin‐Releasing Hormone, and Liposome‐Entrapped DN‐1417, on Amygdaloid‐Kindled Rats (1992)

The effects of gamma-butyrolactone-gamma-carbonyl-L-histidyl-L-propionamide citrate (DN-1417), a derivative of thyrotropin-releasing hormone, and liposome-entrapped DN-1417 (DN-L) were examined in amygdaloid-kindled rats. The animals were tested 2 h after intraperitoneal (i.p.) drug administration and then again every 24 h without further drug treatment. DN-1417 did not suppress the kindled seizure at 2 h but did beginning 1-6 days after injection. DN-L suppressed the kindled seizure at 2 h and had a more prolonged anticonvulsant effect than DN-1417. After liposomes were given i.p. once daily for 2 weeks, there was no morphologic evidence that liposomes damaged brain neurons. These results, together with previously published data, suggest that as drug delivery vehicles, liposomes can enhance the effectiveness of drugs in the CNS without producing overt brain damage.
Trends of microwave dielectric materials for antenna application (2016)

Rapid development of a modern microwave communication system requires a high quality microwave dielectric ceramic material to be used as mobile and satellite communication. High permittivity of dielectric ceramics leads to fabrication of compact device for electronic components. Dielectric ceramics which used for microwave applications required three important parameters such as high or appropriate permittivity (εr), high quality factor (Q f ≥ 5000GH z) and good temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf). This paper review of various dielectric ceramic materials used as microwave dielectric materials and related parameters for antenna applications.
Differential sensitivity of melanoma cell lines with BRAF V600E mutation to the specific Raf inhibitor PLX4032 (2010)

Abstract Blocking oncogenic signaling induced by the BRAF V600E mutation is a promising approach for melanoma treatment. We tested the anti-tumor effects of a specific inhibitor of Raf protein kinases, PLX4032/RG7204, in melanoma cell lines. PLX4032 decreased signaling through the MAPK pathway only in cell lines with the BRAF V600E mutation. Seven out of 10 BRAF V600E mutant cell lines displayed sensitivity based on cell viability assays and three were resistant at concentrations up to 10 μM. Among the sensitive cell lines, four were highly sensitive with IC 50 values below 1 μM, and three were moderately sensitive with IC 50 values between 1 and 10 μM. There was evidence of MAPK pathway inhibition and cell cycle arrest in both sensitive and resistant cell lines. Genomic analysis by sequencing, genotyping of close to 400 oncogeninc mutations by mass spectrometry, and SNP arrays demonstrated no major differences in BRAF locus amplification or in other oncogenic events between sensitive and resistant cell lines. However, metabolic tracer uptake studies demonstrated that sensitive cell lines had a more profound inhibition of FDG uptake upon exposure to PLX4032 than resistant cell lines. In conclusion, BRAF V600E mutant melanoma cell lines displayed a range of sensitivities to PLX4032 and metabolic imaging using PET probes can be used to assess sensitivity.
Design, Evaluation and Comparison of Four Large Block FEC Codecs, LDPC, LDGM, LDGM Staircase and LDGM Triangle, plus a Reed-Solomon Small Block FEC Codec (2004)

This paper introduces with a great level of details the design and the performance evaluation of four large block FEC codes: regular LDPC (Low Density Parity Check), LDGM (Low Density Generator Matrix), LDGM Staircase and LDGM Triangle, that are all capable of operating on source blocks that are composed of several tens of thousand of packets. If all four belong to the category of codes on graphs, they differ by their encoding algorithm. We evaluate and compare the performances of all four codes, as well as a Reed-Solomon codec which serves as a reference and gives an idea of the level of performance achievable with small block codes. The comparison focuses on three major aspects: the global decoding inefficiency (caused either by the FEC code or by the need to split the object into several blocks), the encoding and decoding speeds, and the memory requirements at the encoder and decoder. From these performance results, we identify the situations where they best operate. Unlike many other works in the coding theory area, this paper deliberately skips theoretical aspects to focus on practical results. Besides this work does not consider techniques that are known to be patented (e.g. the use of irregular graphs), no matter how efficient they may be. This deliberate choice stems from our desire to design patent-free, open source FEC codecs. Our conclusion is that the LDGM Staircase/Triangle codes have excellent performances and open new opportunities in the area of bulk data distribution or storage.
Diacylglycerol pyrophosphate, a novel phospholipid compound (1993)

In studies on lipid kinase activities of microsomal membranes from cultured plant cells a new, hitherto unknown, lipid kinase product was detected. The new phospholipid, labeled by [gamma-32P]ATP, could be separated from known phospholipid species by thin layer chromatography using different solvent mixtures. After partial purification of the related enzyme activity, the substrate of the unknown lipid kinase was elucidated as phosphatidic acid. With authentic phosphatidic acid and partially purified enzyme, the lipid kinase product was prepared in mg quantities and its structure was determined by mass spectrometry and NMR analyses as diacylglycerol pyrophosphate, a hitherto unknown phospholipid. The possible physiological role of this novel phospholipid metabolite is discussed.
In Vivo Cardiac Electrophysiology Studies in the Mouse (1996)

This mouse electrophysiology method allows rapid assessment of the conduction properties of the murine heart. The ability to analyze cardiac conduction in normal and transgenic mice provides a powerful tool for examining molecular electrophysiological mechanisms in normal physiology and disease states.
Beyond the Repertory Grid: New Approaches to Constructivist Knowledge Acquisition Tool Development (1993)

Personal construct theory provides both a plausible theoretical foundation for knowledge acquisition and a practical approach to modeling. Yet, only a fraction of the ideas latent in this theory have been tapped. Recently, several researchers have been taking another look at the theory, to discover new ways that it can shed light on the foundations and practice of knowledge acquisition. These efforts have led to the development of a new generation of constructivist knowledge acquisition systems: DDUCKS, ICONKAT, and KSSn/KRS. These tools extend repertory grid techniques in various ways and integrate them with ideas springing from complementary perspectives. New understandings of relationships between personal construct theory, assimilation theory, logic, semantic networks, and decision analysis have formed the underpinnings of these systems. Theoretical progress has fostered practical development in system architecture, graphical forms of knowledge representation, analysis and induction techniques, and group use of knowledge acquisition tools.
Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors: an update on their development as cancer therapeutics. (2003)

Therapeutic agents targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have recently been approved for use in patients based on the results of large-scale phase II studies involving patients with advanced refractory non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Disappointingly, results from phase III trials of gefitinib in combination with standard chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of NSCLC were negative. While results from phase III trials with other agents such as erlotinib and cetuximab will be reported in the next 12 to 18 months, the early results raise a number of questions regarding the development of these agents, including patient selection (e.g., disease, stage, prior therapy, EGFR or other biomarker expression) and combinations with standard treatment regimens as well as hormonal agents, radiation or other novel agents which will require further elucidation. Early data suggest a number of potential roles for these agents in the modulation of resistance and in combination with other inhibitors of signal transduction.
Alternative splicing of exon 3 of the human growth hormone receptor is the result of an unusual genetic polymorphism. (1996)

Two isoforms of the human growth hormone receptor (hGHR), which differ in the presence (hGHRwt) or absence (hGHRd3) of exon 3, are expressed in the placenta. Specifically, three expression patterns are observed: only hGHRwt, only hGHRd3, or an approximately 1:1 combination of both isoforms. We investigated several potential regulatory mechanisms which might account for the expression of the hGHR isoforms. The frequency of hGHRd3 expression did not change when placentas from differing stages of gestation were examined, suggesting splicing was not developmentally regulated. However, when hGHR isoform expression patterns were examined in each component of a given placenta, it was evident that alternative splicing of exon 3 is individual-specific. Surprisingly, the individual-specific regulation of hGHR isoforms appears to be the result of a polymorphism in the hGHR gene. We analyzed hGHRwt and hGHRd3 expression in Hutterite pedigrees, and our results are consistent with a simple Mendelian inheritance of two differing alleles in which exon 3 is spliced in an "all-or-none" fashion. We conclude the alternative splicing of exon 3 in hGHR transcripts is the result of an unusual polymorphism which significantly alters splicing of the hGHR transcript and that the relatively high frequency (approximately 10%) of homozygous hGHRd3 expression suggests the possibility it may play a role in polygenic determined events.
Genetic manipulation of acid and solvent formation in Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 (1998)

The genes coding for enzymes involved in butanol or butyrate formation were subcloned into a novel Escherichia coli-Clostridium acetobutylicum shuttle vector constructed from pIMP1 and a chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene. The resulting replicative plasmids, referred to as pTHAAD (aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase) and pTHBUT (butyrate operon), were used to complement C. acetobutylicum mutant strains, in which genes encoding aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase (aad) or butyrate kinase (buk) had been inactivated by recombination with Emr constructs. Complementation of strain PJC4BK (buk mutant) with pTHBUT restored butyrate kinase activity and butyrate production during exponential growth. Complementation of strain PJC4AAD (aad mutant) with pTHAAD restored NAD(H)-dependent butanol dehydrogenase activity, NAD(H)-dependent butyraldehyde dehydrogenase activity and butanol production during solventogenic growth. The development of an alternative selectable marker makes it is possible to overexpress genes, via replicative plasmids, in mutant strains that lack specific enzyme activities, thereby expanding the number of possible genetic manipulations that can be performed in C. acetobutylicum. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 58:215–221, 1998.
Scan2Mesh: From Unstructured Range Scans to 3D Meshes (2019)

We introduce Scan2Mesh, a novel data-driven generative approach which transforms an unstructured and potentially incomplete range scan into a structured 3D mesh representation. The main contribution of this work is a generative neural network architecture whose input is a range scan of a 3D object and whose output is an indexed face set conditioned on the input scan. In order to generate a 3D mesh as a set of vertices and face indices, the generative model builds on a series of proxy losses for vertices, edges, and faces. At each stage, we realize a one-to-one discrete mapping between the predicted and ground truth data points with a combination of convolutional- and graph neural network architectures. This enables our algorithm to predict a compact mesh representation similar to those created through manual artist effort using 3D modeling software. Our generated mesh results thus produce sharper, cleaner meshes with a fundamentally different structure from those generated through implicit functions, a first step in bridging the gap towards artist-created CAD models.
Separation of methyl ester from water in a wet neutralization process (2011)

Abstract: The surfactant-water mixture generated from the industrial biodiesel (methyl ester) production washing process generates wastewater that is usually treated in a sludge pond by the addition of bacteria prior to being discharged into water courses. Nonetheless, the treatment is inadequate and it poses an ecological threat to the environment. Treatment of this mixture can take the form of conventional treatment methods for surfactant-water emulsions such as chemical, mechanical and thermal treatments. However, the disadvantages of such methods are low removal efficiency, operational difficulties and high operation cost. An ultra-filtration membrane can be used to separate water from the mixture, in spite of membrane fouling problems and a relatively low permeating flux. In this study, the membrane performances, inclusive of moisture contents in the recovered methyl ester, due to the types of membrane (hydrophobic or hydrophilic), cross-flow velocity and trans-membrane pressures are compared. The surfactant-water mixture used in this work was obtained from washing the palm-derived methyl ester (PME) with water during the product purifying processes from the biodiesel transesterification catalyzed with sodium hydroxide.
Comparison of Coronary-Artery Bypass Surgery and Stenting for the Treatment of Multivessel Disease (2001)

As measured one year after the procedure, coronary stenting for multivessel disease is less expensive than bypass surgery and offers the same degree of protection against death, stroke, and myocardial infarction. However, stenting is associated with a greater need for repeated revascularization.
Tetrahydrobiopterin and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity (1999)

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Transcriptional control by cell-cycle regulators: A review (1999)

In eukaryotes, progression of the cell cycle is associated with periodic transcription activation/repression of growth-regulatory genes. We summarize here current knowledge and views on the role of critical cell-cycle regulators such as the retinoblastoma pocket family members and cyclin-dependent kinases in the regulation of gene transcription. In particular, we discuss here the role of specific cyclin-dependent kinase complexes in the regulation of basal transcription. Although the functional connections between transcription and cell-cycle regulators is far from being understood, recent progress has been made in connecting cell-cycle progression to dedicated components of the RNA polymerase II transcription apparatus complex.