gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Response to pain in a group of healthy term newborns: behavioral and physiological aspects. (1996)

Various reports have documented the difficulty in assessing neonatal response to painful stimuli. The aim of our study was to evaluate previously described scales for assessing pain in a group of 18 healthy term newborns selected according to Prechtl's optimality criteria and subjected to a routine metabolic screening blood test performed on the 5th day of life. Both a modified CHEOPS scale and Grunau-Craig Scale, to assess pain behavior response before, during and after a painful stimulus, revealed definite modifications in scores. Response to pain was also evaluated by measuring variations in decreases in transcutaneous oxygen pressure in all newborns during application of the stimulus and in returns to baseline or higher values upon removal of the stimulus. Our study confirms that healthy term newborns feel pain when subjected to limited painful stimuli such as the routine blood test and suggests useful and easy methodological tools to evaluate pain in the newborn.
Incidence, physiologic description, compensatory mechanisms, and therapeutic implications of monitored events (1989)

We described 663 unanticipated monitored circulatory events in 247 high-risk surgical patients by simultaneous invasive and noninvasive hemodynamic and oxygen transport monitoring systems. Unanticipated monitored events were defined as sudden reductions (greater than 20%) in cardiac index (CI), PaO2, SaO2, transcutaneous PO2 (PtcO2), and PtcO2/PaO2 index, or decreases to the lower limits of satisfactory values, specifically: PaO2 less than 70 torr, SaO2 less than 95%, PtcO2 less than 50 torr, and PtcO2/PaO2 less than 0.6. Essentially, monitored events are the small variations superimposed on the overall physiologic patterns that describe the entire course of critical illnesses. Monitored events are described by their baseline values just before each event, at the nadir of the event, and at the recovery from the event. To simplify presentation of complex changes in many variables, the circulatory changes were evaluated in terms of cardiac, pulmonary, and peripheral perfusion functions. Common patterns of these monitored events and the incidence of these patterns in high-risk surgical patients were described. Before the unanticipated monitored event, there were normal or increased heart, lung, and perfusion functions in about three fourths of the events. At the nadir, cardiac functions decreased in about two thirds, perfusion decreased in over half, and lung function fell in only one quarter of the events. Recovery occurred with increased cardiac function in two thirds, improved perfusion in over half, and increased lung function in less than one fifth of these monitored events. Noninvasive and invasive hemodynamic and oxygen transport variables were measured simultaneously to evaluate compensatory and decompensatory patterns.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Disrupting Skp2-cyclin A interaction with a blocking peptide induces selective cancer cell killing (2007)

Skp2 fulfills the definition of an oncoprotein with its frequent overexpression in cancer cells and oncogenic activity in various laboratory assays and therefore is a potential cancer therapy target. The best-known function of Skp2 is that of an F-box protein of the SCF(Skp2)-Roc1 E3 ubiquitin ligase targeting the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1). Knockdown of Skp2 generally leads to accumulation of p27 but its effects on cancer cells are less certain. Another function of Skp2 is its stable interaction with cyclin A, which directly protects cyclin A from inhibition by p27 in in vitro kinase assays. Here, we report that an 18-residue blocking peptide of Skp2-cyclin A interaction can indirectly inhibit cyclin A/Cdk2 kinase activity dependent on the presence of p27 in in vitro kinase assays. Transmembrane delivery of this blocking peptide can induce cell death in a panel of four cancer cell lines in which Skp2 knockdown only have mild inhibitory effects. This Skp2-cyclin A interaction blocking peptide can synergize with a previously identified E2F1-derived LDL peptide, which blocks its access to cyclin A, in killing cancer cells. IC(50) of the Skp2-cyclin A blocking peptide correlated with abundance of Skp2, its intended target, in cancer cells. These results suggest that Skp2-cyclin A interaction plays an important role in cancer cell survival and is an attractive target for cancer drug discovery.
Analysis and experiments for high-efficiency class-F and inverse class-F power amplifiers (2006)

This paper presents analytic and experimental comparisons for high-efficiency class-F and inverse class-F amplifiers. The analytic formula of the efficiencies, output powers, dc power dissipations, and fundamental load impedances of both amplifiers are derived from the ideal current and voltage waveforms. Based on the formula, the performances are compared with a reasonable condition: fundamental output power levels of class-F and inverse class-F amplifiers are conditioned to be identical. The results show that the inverse class-F amplifier has better efficiency than that of class-F amplifiers as the on-resistance of the transistor increases. For experimental comparison, we have designed and implemented the class-F and inverse class-F amplifiers at I-GHz band using a GaAs MESFET and analyzed the measured performances. Experimental results shows 10% higher power-added efficiency of the inverse class-F amplifier than that of the class-F amplifier, which verifies the waveform analysis.
Taurine and the heart (1993)

Journal Article Taurine and the heart Get access R A Chapman, R A Chapman British Heart Foundation Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Science, Park Row, Bristol BSl 5LS, United Kingdom: R A Chapman, M S Suleiman; Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea: Y E Earm. Correspondence to Professor Chapman. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M-S Suleiman, M-S Suleiman British Heart Foundation Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Science, Park Row, Bristol BSl 5LS, United Kingdom: R A Chapman, M S Suleiman; Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea: Y E Earm. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Y E Earm Y E Earm British Heart Foundation Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Science, Park Row, Bristol BSl 5LS, United Kingdom: R A Chapman, M S Suleiman; Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea: Y E Earm. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 3, March 1993, Pages 358–363, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.3.358 Published: 01 March 1993 Article history Received: 25 August 1992 Accepted: 12 October 1992 Published: 01 March 1993
Angioplasty at coronary bifurcations: Single‐guide, two‐wire technique (1986)

A technique is described for angioplasty at coronary bifurcations. This simple approach utilizes a single guiding catheter, an exchange wire, and a conventional dilatation catheter and guidewire. With this "protective" guidewire technique, side branches at risk from occlusion during dilatation of a primary coronary segment can be protected and dilated secondarily; continual access to the threatened side branch is maintained with a "standby" exchange wire in the branch vessel.
Differentiation of human monocytes into accessory cells at serum-free conditions. (1990)

Human peripheral blood monocytes (HPBM) cultured in the absence of serum were found to convert into a state of high accessory function which was expressed by their ability to support lymphocyte proliferation. After a prolonged culture in serum-free media, the monocyte-derived cells were highly viable, increased in size, and had developed veils and dendritiform elongations. Paralleling the increase in accessory function, we found a decrease in the expression of markers typical of monocytes and macrophages (Mø), approaching the phenotype of lymphoid dendritic cells. We here define conditions for reproducibly generating these monocyte-derived accessory cells (m-AC) in various serum-free media, thus offering a novel differentiation model at highly defined culture conditions.
Phase Diagram of Colloidal Dispersions of Anisotropic Charged Particles: Equilibrium Properties, Structure, and Rheology of Laponite Suspensions (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhase Diagram of Colloidal Dispersions of Anisotropic Charged Particles: Equilibrium Properties, Structure, and Rheology of Laponite SuspensionsA. Mourchid, A. Delville, J. Lambard, E. LeColier, and P. LevitzCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 6, 1942–1950Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00006a020https://doi.org/10.1021/la00006a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3191Altmetric-Citations415LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Compositional and Dynamic Model for Face Aging (2009)

In this paper, we present a compositional and dynamic model for face aging. The compositional model represents faces in each age group by a hierarchical And-Or graph, in which And nodes decompose a face into parts to describe details (e.g., hair, wrinkles, etc.) crucial for age perception and Or nodes represent large diversity of faces by alternative selections. Then a face instance is a transverse of the And-Or graph-parse graph. Face aging is modeled as a Markov process on the parse graph representation. We learn the parameters of the dynamic model from a large annotated face data set and the stochasticity of face aging is modeled in the dynamics explicitly. Based on this model, we propose a face aging simulation and prediction algorithm. Inversely, an automatic age estimation algorithm is also developed under this representation. We study two criteria to evaluate the aging results using human perception experiments: 1) the accuracy of simulation: whether the aged faces are perceived of the intended age group, and 2) preservation of identity: whether the aged faces are perceived as the same person. Quantitative statistical analysis validates the performance of our aging model and age estimation algorithm.
LVCSR log-likelihood ratio scoring for keyword spotting (2002)

A new scoring algorithm has been developed for generating wordspotting hypotheses and their associated scores. This technique uses a large-vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) system to generate the N-best answers along with their Viterbi alignments. The score for a putative hit is computed by summing the likelihoods for all hypotheses that contain the keyword normalized by dividing by the sum of all hypothesis likelihoods in the N-best list. Using a test set of conversational speech from Switchboard Credit Card conversations, we achieved an 81% figure of merit (FOM). Our word recognition error rate on this same test set is 54.7%.
An ultralow power athermal silicon modulator (2014)

Silicon photonics has emerged as the leading candidate for implementing ultralow power wavelength-division-multiplexed communication networks in high-performance computers, yet current components (lasers, modulators, filters and detectors) consume too much power for the high-speed femtojoule-class links that ultimately will be required. Here we demonstrate and characterize the first modulator to achieve simultaneous high-speed (25 Gb s(-1)), low-voltage (0.5 VPP) and efficient 0.9 fJ per bit error-free operation. This low-energy high-speed operation is enabled by a record electro-optic response, obtained in a vertical p-n junction device that at 250 pm V(-1) (30 GHz V(-1)) is up to 10 times larger than prior demonstrations. In addition, this record electro-optic response is used to compensate for thermal drift over a 7.5 °C temperature range with little additional energy consumption (0.24 fJ per bit for a total energy consumption below 1.03 J per bit). The combined results of highly efficient modulation and electro-optic thermal compensation represent a new paradigm in modulator development and a major step towards single-digit femtojoule-class communications.
Activation and inhibition of the AP-1 complex in human breast cancer cells (1996)

We have studied the expression and activity of the jun and fos families of transcription factors in a panel of human breast cancer cells. Numerous breast-cancer cell lines showed variable levels of expression of jun and fos family-member RNA, activator protein-1 (AP-1) DNA binding, and transcriptional-activating activities during exponential growth. In all of the breast-cancer lines tested, c-jun RNA and AP-1 DNA-binding activity correlated. In addition, in most breast cancer cell lines AP-1 DNA-binding activity also correlates with AP-1-transactivating activity. However, some breast cancer cell lines have high c-jun RNA expression, high AP-1 DNA-binding activity, and low AP-1-transactivating activity. Such results suggest that in these breast cancer cell lines there exist AP-1 complexes that can bind DNA but cannot activate transcription. Multiple peptide growth factors as well as the tumor promoter 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate induced the expression of jun and fos family-member RNAs and also increased AP-1 DNA-binding activity and functional AP-1-transcriptional activating activity in MCF7 breast cancer cells. However, treatment with estrogen, a steroid growth factor, failed to increase jun and fos RNA expression and induced minimal increases in AP-1 DNA binding and AP-1-induced transcriptional-activating activity in comparison with that seen after peptide hormone treatment. Thus, mitogenic peptide hormones and the tumor promoter 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, but not estrogen, strongly activate the AP-1 transcription factor in breast cancer cells. A dominant-negative mutant of c-jun that specifically inhibits AP-1- transactivating activity in rat fibroblasts inhibited AP-1 transactivating activity in breast-cancer cells and blocked the increase in AP-1-mediated transcription induced by serum or specific growth factors. This dominant-negative mutant also inhibited MCF7 colony formation, indicating that expression of this AP-1 inhibitor suppressed the proliferation of these breast cancer cells. Such results suggest that growth factor-induced proliferation of breast cancer cells can possibly be blocked by inhibiting AP-1-transactivating activity.
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 DNA Amplified as Bacterial Artificial Chromosome in Escherichia coli: Rescue of Replication-Competent Virus Progeny and Packaging of Amplicon Vectors (1998)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-based amplicon vectors contain only approximately 1% of the 152-kb HSV-1 genome, and consequently, replication and packaging into virions depends on helper functions. These helper functions have been provided conventionally by a helper virus, usually a replication-defective mutant of HSV-1, or more recently, by a set of five cosmids that overlap and represent the genome of HSV-1 deleted for DNA cleavage/packaging signals (pac). In the absence of pac signals, potential HSV-1 genomes that are reconstituted from the cosmids via homologous recombination are not packageable. The resulting amplicon stocks are, therefore, virtually free of contaminating helper virus. To simplify this packing system, the HSV-1 genome was cloned and maintained stably as a single-copy, F plasmid-based bacterial artificial chromosome in E. coli. Such a plasmid containing the HSV-1 genome deleted for the pac signals (fHSV delta pac) did not generate replication-competent progeny virus on transfection into mammalian cells, but rather, it was able to support the packaging of cotransfected amplicon DNA that contained a functional pac signal. The resulting amplicon vector stocks had titers of up to 10(7) transducing units per milliliter of culture medium and efficiently transduced neural cells in the rat brain, as well as hepatocytes in the rat. The capacity of generating infectious and replication-competent HSV-1 progeny following transfection into mammalian cells was restored after insertion of a pac signal into fHSV delta pac.
Dye‐mediated bactericidal effect of He‐Ne laser irradiation on oral microorganisms (1992)

Little attention has been given to the bactericidal effect of laser irradiation, particularly using low-power energy lasers. It has been demonstrated that He-Ne laser light has an inhibitory action on dental plaque. The purpose of this study was to investigate the bactericidal effect of He-Ne laser irradiation on cariogenic microorganisms. The bactericidal effect was determined by the formation of a growth-inhibitory zone or by the counting of viable bacterial colonies. Streptococcus sobrinus AHT that is a Gram-positive microorganism was sensitive to He-Ne laser light, but Escherichia coli, a Gram-negative microorganism, was resistant. The effect of several dyes necessary to instigate a bactericidal action was also examined. A growth-inhibitory zone was observed using 10 kinds of blue, purple, or green dyes, which were mainly phenylmethane dyes. The leakage of potassium from S. sobrinus AHT following laser irradiation was determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The leakage began to increase following irradiation for 2 min, and reached a plateau following irradiation for 30-60 min. Moreover, to examine some changes in the dye itself following laser irradiation in the absence of bacteria, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra and 1H NMR spectra were recorded. In this study, it was indicated that the bactericidal effect on cariogenic bacteria by He-Ne laser irradiation was efficient only in the presence of specific dyes. It is suggested that this laser may be suitable for clinical applications in preventive dentistry.
GABA receptor agonists: Pharmacological spectrum and therapeutic actions (1985)

From the data discussed in this review it appears that GABA receptor agonists exhibit a variety of actions in the central nervous system, some of which are therapeutically useful (Table V). GABA receptor agonists, by changing the firing rate of the corresponding neurons accelerate noradrenaline turnover without changes in postsynaptic receptor density and diminish serotonin liberation with an up-regulation of 5HT2 receptors. These effects differ from those of tricyclic antidepressants which primarily block monoamine re-uptake and cause down-regulation of beta-adrenergic and 5HT2 receptors. The GABA receptor agonist progabide has been shown to exert an antidepressant action which is indistinguishable from that of imipramine in patients with major affective disorders. The fact that: (a) GABA receptor agonists and tricyclic antidepressants affect noradrenergic and serotonergic transmission differently; and (b) tricyclic antidepressants alter GABA-related parameters challenges the classical monoamine hypothesis of depression and suggests that GABA-mediated mechanisms play a role in mood disorders. Decreases in cellular excitability produced by GABAergic stimulation leads to control of seizures in practically all animal models of epilepsy. GABA receptor agonists have a wide spectrum as they antagonize not only seizures which are dependent on decreased GABA synaptic activity but also convulsant states which are apparently independent of alterations in GABA-mediated events. These results in animals are confirmed in a wide range of human epileptic syndromes. GABA receptor agonists decrease dopamine turnover in the basal ganglia and antagonize neuroleptic-induced increase in dopamine release. On repeated treatment, progabide prevents or reverses the neuroleptic-induced up-regulation of dopamine receptors in the rat striatum and antagonizes the concomitant supersensitivity to dopaminomimetics. Behaviorally, GABA receptor agonists diminish the stereotypies induced by apomorphine or L-DOPA suggesting that GABAergic stimulation results also in an antidopaminergic action which is exerted beyond the dopamine synapse. These effects of GABA receptor agonists may represent the basis of the antidyskinetic action of these compounds which, however, remains to be fully confirmed. GABA receptor agonists reduce striatal acetylcholine turnover, an effect which occurs at doses much lower than those which affect dopamine neurons. Since hyperactivity of cholinergic neurons plays a determinant role in the pathogenesis of some parkinsonian symptoms, it is conceivable that GABAergic stimulation is effective in ameliorating Parkinson's disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Cancer prevention: recent progress and future opportunities. (1991)

Knowledge gathered during the past few decades from the fields of cancer epidemiology, carcinogenesis, biochemistry, and molecular biology, much of which was communicated through the pages of the journal Cancer Research, provides powerful new strategies for cancer prevention. Indeed, I believe that it is possible to draft a blueprint for a comprehensive approach to cancer prevention, to be used as we approach the 21st century. This plan includes: (a) expanded epidemiological and laboratory studies to identify the specific causes of human cancers; (b) intervention studies, such as risk reduction by the cessation of cigarette smoking, dietary modifications, chemoprevention, and the development of vaccines for viral agents implicated in human cancer (i.e., hepatitis B, human papilloma virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and certain retroviruses), and (c) early detection and screening. Concepts and methods that have developed in the field of cellular and molecular biology will accelerate this progress. Indeed, we are currently in a very exciting phase of cancer research that brings together fields of cancer research which in the past were often disparate and disconnected, i.e., basic laboratory studies, epidemiology, prevention, and treatment. Thus, the astounding advances in our understanding of the molecular biology of cancer provide a unified concept of the nature of the cancer cell and also suggest new clinical approaches to cancer etiology, prevention, and treatment. Many of the biomarkers being developed for etiological studies, using the approach of molecular epidemiology, can also serve as biomarkers or intermediate end points to evaluate the efficacy of dietary intervention and chemoprevention studies. Some of these biomarkers will also be useful for evaluating the efficacy of cancer therapy. Furthermore, certain compounds being developed for cancer chemoprevention, e.g., the retinoids, may also be useful in the therapy of fully established neoplasms. It seems likely, therefore, that even before the year 2000 these powerful and unifying themes will accelerate advances in both cancer prevention and treatment, thus leading to major reductions in both the incidence and mortality of human cancer.