gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supuesto de acoso sexual o el cuidado con las palabras el Código Penal frente al diccionario de la lengua (2013)

La aplicacion de la normativa penal en sentido literal, aun siendo valida, considerada en teoria, o en terminos de «laboratorio penal», puede dar lugar a situaciones de injusticia material, que generan desasosiego y malestar en la sociedad. Uno de los casos mas comunes es el acoso sexual, ya que en ocasiones, la terminologia penal no coincide con el uso comun del lenguaje.
Knowledge management model functioning in a service department of a manufacturing company – a case study (2015)

Artykuł z zasobów e-mentora: Model zarządzania wiedzą w dziale serwisowym przedsiębiorstwa produkcyjnego - studium przypadku. E-mentor - internetowe czasopismo poświęcone nastepującym zagadnienion:e-learning, czasopismo, sgh, szkoła główna handlowa, internetowe czasopismo, e-mentor, nauczanie przez internet, kształcenie ustawiczne, metody kształcenia, formy kształcenia.
Growth of cubic-TaN thin films by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (2002)

Low resistivity cubic-TaN thin films were grown by plasma-enhanced-atomic layer deposition using TaCl5 as the metal precursor and hydrogen/nitrogen plasma. The deposition has been performed by alternate exposures of TaCl5 and the plasma of hydrogen and nitrogen mixture. X-ray diffraction analyses show that the film is composed of cubic TaN grains, in contrast to the previously reported highly resistive Ta3N5 films grown by Ta3N5 grown by TaCl5 and NH3 as precursors. The composition and thickness were measured by Rutherford backscattering and hydrogen concentrations were obtained by forward recoil elastic spectrometry as a function of growth parameters. The N content of the cubic TaN films was controlled from N/Ta=0.7 up to 1.3 by changing nitrogen partial pressure. The resistivity and growth rate increase with increasing N concentration in the film. The Cl and H content were found to be strong functions of plasma exposure time and growth temperatures, and TaN films with resistivity as low as 350 μΩ cm were obtained at a low growth temperature of 300 °C.
Control of adipocyte differentiation (1995)

Research Article| August 01 1995 Control of adipocyte differentiation C M Smas; C M Smas 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar H S Sul H S Sul 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1995) 309 (3): 697–710. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj3090697 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation C M Smas, H S Sul; Control of adipocyte differentiation. Biochem J 1 August 1995; 309 (3): 697–710. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj3090697 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search © 1995 The Biochemical Society, London1995 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Dipyrrolyl Precursors to Bisalkoxide Molybdenum Olefin Metathesis Catalysts (2006)

Addition of 2 equiv of lithium pyrrolide to Mo(NR)(CHCMe2R')(OTf)2(DME) (OTf = OSO2CF3; R = 2,6-i-Pr2C6H3, 1-adamantyl, or 2,6-Br2-4-MeC6H2; R' = Me or Ph) produces Mo(NR)(CHCMe2R')(NC4H4)2 complexes in good yield. All compounds can be recrystallized readily from toluene or mixtures of pentane and ether and are sensitive to air and moisture. An X-ray structure of a 2,6-diisopropylphenylimido species shows it to be an unsymmetric dimer, {Mo(NAr)(syn-CHCMe2Ph)(eta5-NC4H4)(eta1-NC4H4)}{Mo(NAr)(syn-CHCMe2Ph)(eta1-NC4H4)2}, in which the nitrogen in the eta5-pyrrolyl bound to one Mo behaves as a donor to the other Mo. All complexes are fluxional on the NMR time scale at room temperature, with one symmetric species being observed on the NMR time scale at 50 degrees C in toluene-d8. The dimers react with PMe3 (at Mo) or B(C6F5)3 (at a eta5-NC4H4 nitrogen) to give monomeric products in high yield. They also react rapidly with 2 equiv of monoalcohols (e.g., Me3COH or (CF3)2MeCOH) or 1 equiv of a biphenol or binaphthol to give 2 equiv of pyrrole and bisalkoxide or diolate complexes in approximately 100% yield.
The Prokaryotic β-Recombinase Catalyzes Site-specific Recombination in Mammalian Cells (1999)

The development of new strategies for the in vivo modification of eukaryotic genomes has become an important objective of current research. Site-specific recombination has proven useful, as it allows controlled manipulation of murine, plant, and yeast genomes. Here we provide the first evidence that the prokaryotic site-specific recombinase (beta-recombinase), which catalyzes only intramolecular recombination, is active in eukaryotic environments. beta-Recombinase, encoded by the beta gene of the Gram-positive broad host range plasmid pSM19035, has been functionally expressed in eukaryotic cell lines, demonstrating high avidity for the nuclear compartment and forming a clear speckled pattern when assayed by indirect immunofluorescence. In simian COS-1 cells, transient beta-recombinase expression promoted deletion of a DNA fragment lying between two directly oriented specific recognition/crossing over sequences (six sites) located as an extrachromosomal DNA substrate. The same result was obtained in a recombination-dependent lacZ activation system tested in a cell line that stably expresses the beta-recombinase protein. In stable NIH/3T3 clones bearing different number of copies of the target sequences integrated at distinct chromosomal locations, transient beta-recombinase expression also promoted deletion of the intervening DNA, independently of the insertion position of the target sequences. The utility of this new recombination tool for the manipulation of eukaryotic genomes, used either alone or in combination with the other recombination systems currently in use, is discussed.
Viral hepatitis in East Asia. (1996)

Viral hepatitis has a high prevalence in East Asia and is an important problem. Identification of the individual hepatitis viruses. A-E, has enabled researches to investigate the epidemiology and pathogenesis of viral hepatitis and its sequelae, and possible means of prevention. Because of improvement in hygiene in East Asia in recent decades, hepatitis A virus infection has decreased markedly. However, this has resulted in the younger population being susceptible to hepatitis A. Fortunately, effective active immunization for hepatitis A has become available. Hepatitis B is still rampant, especially in the southern part of East Asia where chronic infection is common. Patients who are chronic hepatitis B virus carriers are reservoirs for the virus and have a much higher risk of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HGC). Currently, hepatitis B infection is being brought under control in East Asia through mass immunization. Serologic and molecular epidemiologic studies have also revealed that Hepatitis C is prevalent in the region. Hepatitis C virus also contributes to the development of cirrhosis and HCC. No effect immunization is currently available, and hepatitis C can only be controlled by preventative measures. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of viral hepatitis is discussed in this review, including new viral hepatitis agents possibly responsible for non-A-E hepatitis.
Transduction of Cu,Zn‐superoxide dismutase mediated by an HIV‐1 Tat protein basic domain into mammalian cells (2000)

A human Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) gene was fused with a gene fragment encoding the nine amino acid transactivator of transcription (Tat) protein transduction domain (RKKRRQRRR) of HIV-1 in a bacterial expression vector to produce a genetic in-frame Tat-SOD fusion protein. The expressed and purified Tat-SOD fusion protein in Escherichia coli can enter HeLa cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner when added exogenously in a culture media. Denatured Tat-SOD protein was transduced much more efficiently into cells than were native proteins. Once inside the cells, transduced Tat-SOD protein was enzymatically active and stable for 24 h. The cell viability of HeLa cells treated with paraquat, an intracellular superoxide anion generator, was increased by transduced Tat-SOD. These lines of results suggest that the transduction of Tat-SOD fusion protein may be one of the ways to replenish the Cu,Zn-SOD in the various disorders related to this antioxidant enzyme.
Molecular memory of prior infections activates the CRISPR/Cas adaptive bacterial immunity system (2012)

CRISPR/Cas (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated genes) is a small RNA-based adaptive prokaryotic immunity system that functions by acquisition of short fragments of DNA (mainly from foreign invaders such as viruses and plasmids) and subsequent destruction of DNA with sequences matching acquired fragments. Some mutations in foreign DNA that affect the match prevent CRISPR/Cas defensive function. Here we show that matching sequences that are no longer able to elicit defense, still guide the CRISPR/Cas acquisition machinery to foreign DNA, thus making the spacer acquisition process adaptive and leading to restoration of CRISPR/Cas-mediated protection. We present evidence suggesting that after initial recognition of partially matching foreign DNA, the CRISPR/Cas acquisition machinery moves along the DNA molecule, occasionally selecting fragments to be incorporated into the CRISPR locus. Our results explain how adaptive CRISPR/Cas immunity becomes specifically directed towards foreign DNA, allowing bacteria to efficiently counter individual viral mutants that avoid CRISPR/Cas defense.
Synthesis and antitumor properties of activated cyclophosphamide analogs (1991)

A series of 5- and 6-substituted cyclophosphamide analogues has been prepared, and their 31P NMR kinetics of phosphoramide mustard (PDA) release and in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity have been evaluated. cis-4-Hydroxy-5-methoxycyclophosphamide equilibrated very slowly and to a minor extent with the ring-opened aldophosphamide analogues in aqueous buffer; release of PDA was observed to a minor extent and only at high (1 M) buffer concentrations. This analogue was essentially inactive in vitro against L1210 and P388 leukemia cells. 6-Phenylcyclophosphamide and its 4-hydroperoxy derivative were potent inhibitors of blood acetylcholinesterase and were lethal at therapeutic doses in mice. In contrast, 4-hydroperoxy-6-(4-pyridyl)cyclophosphamide did not inhibit acetylcholinesterase and showed significant antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo against both wild-type and cyclophosphamide-resistant L1210 leukemia. The 4-hydroperoxy-6-arylcyclophosphamides were generally active in vitro against both wild-type and cyclophosphamide-resistant L1210 and P388 cells, and several analogues showed significant activity in vivo. Surprisingly, there was no correlation between antitumor activity in vitro and the rate of PDA release in aqueous buffer. Several compounds that showed essentially no release of PDA in aqueous buffer over several hours were highly cytotoxic to leukemia cells following a 1-h exposure in vitro. These results show that activated cyclophosphamide analogues substituted at the 6-position are not cross-resistant in these leukemia cell lines, and that a specific intracellular activation mechanism may be catalyzing PDA release in these analogues.
An Efficient Intra Skip Decision Algorithm for H.264/AVC Video Coding (2014)

In this study, we propose a simple, highly efficient intra skip decision algorithm to reduce the computational complexity of H.264/AVC coding. It utilizes information such as the best mode and the rate value of the RD cost function, which are all pre-calculated. These values are calculated in the corresponding macroblock (MB) of the previous frame and the neighbouring MBs of the current frame in order to develop an intra skip decision rule. Our experimental results demonstrated that without the additional time-consuming computation, the proposed algorithm reduces encoding time by approximately 50% compared with the time needed for an exhaustive search and it significantly increases the time saving by 17%-30% compared with the existing algorithms. In addition, our experimental results showed that the differences in peak signal-to-noise ratio degradation are negligible and the bit rate increment is minimal.
Four-Color Flow Cytometric Detection of Retrovirally Expressed Red, Yellow, Green, and Cyan Fluorescent Proteins (2001)

Flow cytometric procedures are described to detect a "humanized" version of a new red fluorescent protein (DsRed) from the coral Discosoma sp. in conjunction with various combinations of three Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein (GFP) variants--EYFP, EGFP, and ECFP. In spite of overlapping emission spectra, the combination of DsRed with EYFP, EGFP, and ECFP generated fluorescence signals that could be electronically compensated in real time using dual-laser excitation at 458 and 568 nm. Resolution of fluorescence signals from DsRed, EYFP, and EGFP was also readily achieved by single-laser excitation at 488 nm. Since many flow cytometers are equipped with an argon-ion laser that can be tuned to 488 nm, the DsRed/EYFP/EGFP combination is expected to have broad utility for facile monitoring of gene transfer and expression in mammalian cells. The dual-laser technique is applicable for use on flow cytometers equipped with tunable multiline argon-ion and krypton-ion lasers, providing the framework for studies requiring simultaneous analysis of four fluorescent gene products within living cells.
Eight-channel 2.5-Gbit/s WDM transmission over 275 km using directly modulated 1.55-μm MQW DFB-LDs (1995)

Wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) transmission is very attractive because of its capability of providing network flexibility, such as route redundancy, and also because of its cost-effectiveness in increasing transmission capacity through the use of conventional, low-cost devices.1 In the realization of a cost-effective WDM transmission system, the choice of signal light sources is very critical. An external modulation scheme is usually preferred for use in densely spaced, multigigabit WDM systems because of its robustness to fiber dispersion, but it is too expensive and represents overengineering for most terrestrial systems with regenerative repeater spacings under 300 km. In this paper we describe an eight-channel 2.5-Gbit/s WDM transmission experiment over 275 km in which directly modulated 1.55-μm MQW DFB-LDs were used.2
PERIPHERAL DRUSEN IN MEMBRANOPROLIFERATIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS TYPE II (2003)

HUANG, SHEAU JIUN MD; COSTA, DANIELLE L.L. MD; GROSS, NICOLE E. MD; YANNUZZI, LAWRENCE A. MD Author Information
Molecular genetic tumor markers in non-small cell lung cancer. (2005)

Not only serum tumor markers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) and carbohydrate antigen (CA) 125, but also serum growth factors have been examined to evaluate tumor stages and to predict the recurrence and metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (1-5). In recent years, the analysis of the genome and proteome has advanced remarkably. An array of molecular genetic tumor markers (MGTMs) have been identified based on the biological characterization of tumors, such as tumor development, growth, invasion and metastasis. Molecular genetic tumor marker research has also entered a new era, since comprehensive gene profile analysis using cDNA microarrays and comprehensive protein expression analysis using proteomics technology have been developed. On the other hand, the frequency of lung cancer patients with which various tumor markers are associated is increasing in Japan (6-8). This paper reviews MGTMs characteristic of lung cancer and clarifies the clinical usefulness and applications of MGTM for cancer treatment.
Isolation and identification of adenovirus 127, the causative agent of egg drop syndrome (EDS), from commercial laying hens in South Africa. (1991)

A drop in egg production associated with loss of pigment and soft-shelled eggs was experienced on a farm in the Western Cape. Investigations revealed high levels of antibodies against adenovirus 127, the causative agent of egg drop syndrome (EDS) in chickens which were not vaccinated against EDS. A cytopathic agent was subsequently isolated in chicken embryo liver cell cultures and identified as EDS virus by haemagglutination inhibition and neutralization tests.
Lymphocyte subsets in term and significantly preterm UK infants in the first year of life analysed by single platform flow cytometry (2005)

This observational study describes the ranges observed for lymphocyte subsets for significantly preterm infants (<32 weeks) in the first year of life, measured by single platform flow cytometry and compared to identically determined subsets in term infants. After ethical approval 39 term and 28 preterm infants had lymphocyte subset analysis before and after their primary immunization series. Median values with 5th and 95th percentiles of absolute counts and percentages are presented for total lymphocytes, T cells, NK cells, B cells, cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, dual positive T cells, activated T cells, activated T helper cells (including T regulatory cells), pan memory T cells, pan naive T cells, memory helper T cells, naive helper T cells and the T helper/suppressor ratio. The lymphocyte profile of the preterm infants differed from that of the term infants.
Cytokine profile in interferon‐β treated multiple sclerosis patients: reduction of interleukin‐10 mRNA expressing cells in peripheral blood (1997)

Treatment with interferon‐β reduces relapse rate, slows progression of neurological disability and reduces the number of active brain lesions observed with magnetic resonance imaging in relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis. Interferon‐β has antiviral properties, but in addition it affects the expression of several immunoregulatory genes, including genes for cytokines such as interferon‐γ and interleukin‐10. Cytokines are believed to be central in the pathologic process in multiple sclerosis, by regulating autoreactive T‐ and B‐cell responses. In this study we have determined effects of interferon‐β on the frequency of cells in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid expressing mRNA for interferon‐γ, tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐4 and interleukin‐10 in a group of multiple sclerosis patients. All patients were treated for two months or more, since the beneficial effect of interferon‐β is not apparent until after several months of treatment. We detected a significant reduction of interleukin‐10 mRNA expressing cells in the peripheral blood during interferon‐β treatment compared with pretreatment values (10 vs 33 cells/10 5 ; p = 0.028) while the other investigated cytokines were not significantly affected. We conclude that there is a long term effect of interferon‐β on cytokine expression in multiple sclerosis patients. Its relation to the therapeutic effect is as yet not clear.
Potent Antitumor Activity of Novel Iron Chelators Derived from Di-2-Pyridylketone Isonicotinoyl Hydrazone Involves Fenton-Derived Free Radical Generation (2004)

Our results suggest that the antiproliferative effects of these chelators relates to intracellular iron chelation, followed by the stimulation of iron-mediated free radical generation via the so-formed iron complex.
Cancer serum index: A useful nonspecific test as a parameter in multimodality screening and assessment of patients with cancer of the prostate (1981)

A satisfactory, simple test for screening and monitoring of patients with prostatic cancer is still being sought. We suggest the use of a nonspecific test in combination with other tests. The ratio of two serum proteins (alpha 1 acid glycoprotein [AGP] and prealbumin [PAB]), may be useful markers for a cancer serum index (CSI). By separating serum components by gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, staining and quantitating these proteins by scanning densitometry, and dividing the area of AGP by that of PAB, indices can be obtained. In a test of sera from 450 patients with prostatic cancer, other urologic problems, and normal controls, CSIs of 360 sera presently decoded were found to be: (Formula: see text). The CSI should prove highly valuable when used in combination with selected prostatic cancer tests.
Twenty‐five years' experience of prophylactic treatment in severe haemophilia A and B (1992)

In Sweden, prophylactic treatment of boys with severe haemophilia has been practised since 1958 in an attempt to convert the disease from a severe to a milder form. The present study population consisted of 60 severe haemophiliacs (52 A, 8 B), aged 3-32 years. Treatment is started when the boys are 1-2 years of age, the regimens used being 24-40 IU F VIII kg-1 three times weekly in haemophilia-A cases (i.e. greater than 2000 IU kg-1 annually) and 25-40 IU F IX kg-1 twice weekly in haemophilia-B cases. The orthopaedic and radiological joint scores (maximum scores of 90 and 78, respectively) are evaluated as recommended by the World Federation of Haemophilia. Of those subjects aged 3-17 years, 29 out of 35 individuals had joint scores of zero. The oldest group had only minor joint defects. The VIII:C and IX:C concentrations had usually not fallen below 1% of normal. All 60 patients are able to lead normal lives. In conclusion, it appears to be possible to prevent haemophilic arthropathy by giving effective continuous prophylaxis from an early age, and preventing the VIII:C or IX:C concentration from falling below 1% of normal.
Diastereoselective Dimerisation of Alkenylthiazolines: A Combined Synthetic and Computational Study (2005)

Abstract The acylative dimerisation of 2‐alkenyl‐1,3‐thiazolines 1 gives compounds 3 and 8 upon treatment with trichloroacetyl chloride and trifluoroacetic anhydride, respectively. This reaction is completely diastereoselective, in particular giving only a single double‐bond isomer. The scope of the reaction has been evaluated synthetically, while a computational study has elucidated the mechanism of the reaction and the origin of stereocontrol. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Organische Azide – explodierende Vielfalt bei einer einzigartigen Substanzklasse (2005)

Abstract Seit der Entdeckung der organischen Azide vor über einhundertvierzig Jahren durch Peter Grieß wurde eine Reihe von Synthesen für diese energiereichen Moleküle entwickelt. In letzter Zeit haben sich völlig neue Perspektiven durch Anwendungen in der Peptidchemie, der kombinatorischen Chemie und der Heterocyclensynthese ergeben. Auf dem interdisziplinären Gebiet zwischen Chemie, Biologie, Medizin und Materialwissenschaften nehmen organische Azide inzwischen einen wichtigen Raum ein. In diesem Aufsatz werden die Grundzüge der Azid‐Chemie dargelegt und aktuelle Entwicklungen auf diesem Gebiet beleuchtet. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf Cycloadditionen (Huisgen‐Reaktion), Aza‐Ylidchemie und der Synthese von Heterocyclen. Weitere Reaktionen wie die Aza‐Wittig‐Reaktion, Sundberg‐Umlagerung, Staudinger‐Ligation, Boyer‐ und Boyer‐Aubé‐Umlagerung, Curtius‐Umlagerung, Schmidt‐Umlagerung sowie die Hemetsberger‐Umlagerung zeugen von der Vielfältigkeit moderner Azid‐Chemie.