gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GREEN, O. R. 2001. A Manual of Practical Laboratory and Field Techniques in Palaeobiology. xiv + 538 pp. Dordrecht, Boston, London: Kluwer. Price Euros 125.00, US $135.00, £85.00 (hard covers). ISBN 0 412 58980 X. (2002)

GREEN, O. R. 2001. A Manual of Practical Laboratory and Field Techniques in Palaeobiology. xiv + 538 pp. Dordrecht, Boston, London: Kluwer. Price Euros 125.00, US $135.00, £85.00 (hard covers). ISBN 0 412 58980 X. - Volume 139 Issue 4
Polymorphism in Molecular Crystals:  Stabilization of a Metastable Form by Conformational Mimicry (1997)

A combined modeling and experimental strategy has been applied to the problem of stabilisation of a metastable conformational polymorph. For the first time additives have been successfully selected which by virtue of their conformation are able to selectively inhibit the appearance of the stable Î² polymorph of L-glutamic acid and hence stabilize the metastable Î± structure.
High-dose cyclophosphamide and rituximab without stem cell transplant: a feasibility study for low grade B-cell, transformed and mantle cell lymphomas (2011)

Relapse after autologous stem cell transplant for low grade B-cell lymphoma is common secondary to ineffective conditioning and/or tumor autograft contamination. We investigated high-dose cyclophosphamide and rituximab without stem cell rescue as first-line or salvage therapy in lymphomas. After establishing safety, accrual was increased to evaluate event-free survival (EFS). Eighty-one adults received rituximab (375 mg/m(2) days 1, 4, 8, 11, 45, 52), cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg days 15-18), and pegfilgrastim (day 20). Forty-two patients had low grade B-cell lymphoma [grade I/II follicular (69%), transformed lymphoma (17%), other (15%)]: 45% were treated without measurable disease. Thirty-nine patients had mantle cell lymphoma: 82% were treated without measurable disease. All achieved hematopoietic recovery; 46% required brief hospitalizations. The 5-year EFS and overall survival (OS) for patients with low grade B-cell and transformed lymphoma were 40% and 72%, respectively. The 5-year EFS and OS for patients with MCL were 39% and 62%, respectively. This low-toxicity therapeutic approach obviates the need for stem cell products and establishes a platform for future therapies.
The molecular basis of CD 1 ‐mediated presentation of Iipid antigens (1999)

The CD1 family of proteins mediates a newly described pathway for presentation of lipids and glycolipids for specific recognition by T cells. All four of the known human CD1 proteins (CD1a, CD1b, CD1c and CD1d) as well as murine CD1d have now been shown to mediate T-cell recognition of lipid or glycolipid antigens. These antigens include naturally occurring foreign glycolipids from intracellular pathogens or synthetic glycolipids that are related in structure to mammalian glycolipids. The CD1b and CD1d-presented antigens differ in their fine structures but reveal a general motif in which a rigid hydrophilic cap is bound to two aliphatic hydrocarbon chains. Different T-cell populations recognize individual antigens without cross-reactivity to closely related antigen structures or CD1 isoforms, documenting the complexity and fine specificity of CD1-mediated T-cell responses. Mapping of the molecular determinants of recognition for CD1b and CD1d-presented antigens reveals that T cells discriminate the fine structure of the hydrophilic cap of the antigen, but both the length and structure of the lipid chains may be altered without loss of recognition. This pattern of lipid antigen recognition may be accounted for by a simple molecular mechanism of presentation that parallels the known mechanism for presentation of peptides, but solves the special problems related to the hydrophobic chemical nature of the lipid antigens. We propose that CD1 binds antigen by accommodating the two lipid tails within the hydrophobic groove of its two membrane distal domains, positioning the rigid hydrophilic cap of the antigen on the solvent-exposed surface of the CD1 protein, where it can directly contact the T-cell antigen receptor. This model provides a molecular basis for recognition of a new and diverse set of T-cell antigens contained within the lipid bilayers of cellular membranes.
A Study on the Boundary of Creative Designs in Contemporary Fashion Design (2001)

A lot of designers are adopting a mixed imitation as techniques of cretion because cultural boundary and structure of meaning in the era of post-modernism are collapsed and dissolved. I raise up a question mark to how can genuine and creative designers can be identified at this epoch when we are today familiar with the trend of informationalization, opening and globalization. Characterisitics of multi-culturalism and compromising blending are meshed with appearance of a theory of disorganization and consumer-driven economic activity of multi-national enterprises in the age of post capitalism. Accordingly it can be said that designers are leaning upon public and consumeroriented pattern rather than pursuing a creative cultural production. With mass media in rapid advancement and public culture in father dissemination, mass production and mass re-production became a natural cultural phenomenon strengthen ing its root. Creative designers somewhat slow and limitative in pace of adaption to rapid changing society amid such social backgrounds and flooded information are coming to dead-end of wall. A mixed imitation as techniques of creation is a result of borrowing, duplicating or re-combining of existing things because the mixed imitation is equivalent to borrowing, copying, compilation and recombination of well-known artworks, motive, diverse people's cultural features, image, techniques and the likes. It is too delicate thing for one to definitely distinguish such cultural phenomenon from either one as creative work or a plagiarized work. Looking into the facts as they are, we should recognize the designers limitation in their creative works by means of the mixed imitation. thus we can have a view upon them from a criticizing standpoint against the designers creation and imitation. On the other hand, when we look at things how the mixed imitation appears in the fashion as a piece of culture, we can understand something of the contemporary designers. I try to find a significance in seeking out a method of approaching to creative fashion designers direction in future times.
Atrial natriuretic peptide and long acting natriuretic peptide inhibit MEK 1/2 activation in human prostate cancer cells. (2008)

Atrial natriuretic peptide and long acting natriuretic peptide both inhibit MEK 1/2 kinase mediated via cyclic GMP as part of their anticancer mechanism(s) of action.
Content-Aware Playout and Packet Scheduling for Video Streaming Over Wireless Links (2008)

Media streaming over wireless links is a challenging problem due to both the unreliable, time-varying nature of the wireless channel and the stringent delivery requirements of media traffic. In this paper, we use joint control of packet scheduling at the transmitter and content-aware playout at the receiver, so as to maximize the quality of media streaming over a wireless link. Our contributions are twofold. First, we formulate and study the problem of joint scheduling and playout control in the framework of Markov decision processes. Second, we propose a novel content-aware adaptive playout control, that takes into account the content of a video sequence, and in particular the motion characteristics of different scenes. We find that the joint scheduling and playout control can significantly improve the quality of the received video, at the expense of only a small amount of playout slowdown. Furthermore, the content-aware adaptive playout places the slowdown preferentially in the low-motion scenes, where its perceived effect is lower.
Tumor-associated forms of prostate specific antigen improve the discrimination of prostate cancer from benign disease. (2004)

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a widely used serum marker for prostate cancer, but has limited specificity for distinguishing early prostate cancer(PCa) from benign disease since serum PSA can leak from both tumor and prostate tissues with benign disease. Molecular forms of free PSA have been identified that are associated with either benign or malignant prostate tissues. BPSA is a form of free PSA that is associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH), the predominant benign disease in men. The inactive precursor of PSA, proPSA, is associated with prostate tumors. We have developed research immunoassays with high sensitivity and specificity for BPSA and proPSA. Each of these PSA forms can range from 0-50% of the free PSA in individual serum samples in the total PSA range of 2-10 ng/ml. Typically, BPSA represents from 20-30% of the free PSA in serum, while proPSA ranges from 30-40% of the free PSA. ProPSA greatly improves the early detection of cancer in men with less than 4 ng/ml total PSA. More importantly, proPSA is more highly associated with aggressive cancers than other PSA forms such as PSA-ACT and free PSA. The BPH-associated BPSA and cancer-associated proPSA forms are complementary and provide improved detection of prostate cancer from benign disease.
Synthesis of a Novel Nucleoside for Alternative DNA Base Pairing through Metal Complexation (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSynthesis of a Novel Nucleoside for Alternative DNA Base Pairing through Metal ComplexationKentaro Tanaka and Mitsuhiko ShionoyaView Author Information Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki National Research Institutes, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 14, 5002–5003Publication Date (Web):June 17, 1999Publication History Received22 February 1999Published online17 June 1999Published inissue 1 July 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo990326uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo990326urapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1591Altmetric-Citations160LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Complexation,Genetics,Metals,Nucleic acids,Palladium Get e-Alerts
Egg deposition is the major stimulus for the production of Th2 cytokines in murine schistosomiasis mansoni (1991)

To characterize Th cell populations induced by helminth infection, spleen cells from mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni were stimulated with parasite (worm or egg Ag) or mitogen (Con A) and the supernatants assayed for the Th1-specific cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-2 and the Th2-specific cytokines IL-4 and IL-5. Th2 cytokine production was not detected in substantial quantity until the 6 to 8th wk of infection and after reaching peak levels at 8 to 12 wk declined slowly thereafter. The time courses of IL-4 and IL-5 production, whereas differing from each other, closely resembled corresponding published data on IgE and peripheral blood eosinophil levels during murine schistosome infection. In contrast, Th1 cytokine responses occurred only during the first 6 wk of infection and were virtually absent during the peak period of Th2 production. To assess the role of egg deposition in the observed pattern of Th response, cytokine production was assayed in mice carrying unisexual schistosome infections in which parasite eggs are absent. Splenocytes from these animals displayed only marginal Th2 cytokine synthesis but greater Th1 cytokine responses than the corresponding cells from mice with bisexual infections. Moreover, cultures of liver tissue or isolated granulomas from infected mice constitutively produced high levels of IL-4 and IL-5 but failed to synthesize significant amounts of IL-2 and IFN-gamma even when stimulated with egg Ag or mitogen. Taken together the data indicate that egg deposition is the major stimulus of Th2 cytokine response in S. mansoni-infected mice and suggest that T cells belonging to this subset must play a major role in egg granuloma formation.
Peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation in HepG2 cells (1991)

HepG2 cells, originally derived from a human hepatoblastoma, contain peroxisomes which could be separated from mitochondria and other subcellular organelles by density gradient centrifugation. To determine whether this cell line was a suitable model for human peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation, we investigated the ability of these cells to catabolize very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA). HepG2 cell homogenates or digitonin-disrupted cells oxidized both long chain fatty acids and VLCFA, although at somewhat lower rates than human liver homogenates. beta-Oxidation of VLCFA was observed in both peroxisomes and mitochondria of HepG2 cells. Peroxisomal beta-oxidation was independent of carnitine, insensitive to antimycin A and rotenone, and not blocked by an inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyl transferase I. HepG2 peroxisomes contained immunoreactive acyl-CoA oxidase, the first enzyme unique to the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway. In addition, HepG2 peroxisomes contained VLCFA-CoA synthetase activity. These results suggest that HepG2 may be a useful model system for the study of human peroxisomal metabolic processes, including beta-oxidation of fatty acids.
CD variation analysis technique and its application to the study of PSM mask misalignment (2001)

We study the influence of process parameters on strong phase shifted and binary mask designs. The impact of a poly gate alternate phase shifting technique on CD control is analyzed for a microprocessor design. A combination of OPC and PSM tools are used to assess sensitivity of CD to the variations of defocus, exposure dose, and mask misalignment, with and without PSM. A simulation region of 640x310 microns with 20000 MOSFETs is cut out from a random logic design. The edge placement error measurement sites are assigned each 200 nm across the transistor channels to fine-monitor CD variations. Four additional measurement sites are put close to the channel ends to monitor these regions susceptible to the CD variation. We use fast simulation technique that employs optical SOCS (Sum of Coherent Systems) decomposition and Extended Variable Threshold model. Optical parameters settings are chosen to be different for the binary and PSM masks to ensure comparable CD distributions in the center of the process windows. The PSM design is a 2-mask strong phase shifter design for poly gate level. Model-based OPC is applied to all relevant layers of the design including trim masks. To explore exposure-dose-misalignment input parameter space we setup partial factorial DOE with more than 100 runs each resulting in an EPE distribution for a parameter combination. We analyzed EPE shift and EPE dispersion. A definition of an EPE-based process window is proposed to capture the “proximity signature” of the design and its dependence on the process parameters. Comparison of binary and PSM designs yielded reliable quantitative measures of the PSM design performance gain.
Transscleral delivery of bioactive protein to the choroid and retina. (2000)

Minimally invasive transscleral delivery can be used to deliver therapeutic levels of bioactive drugs to the choroid and retina with negligible systemic absorption. This method of ocular drug delivery may be used in the treatment of a variety of chorioretinal disorders.
Neoangiogenesis after combined transplantation of skeletal myoblasts and angiopoietic progenitors leads to increased cell engraftment and lower apoptosis rates in ischemic heart failure (2007)

The mechanism of functional improvement after combined transplantation of skeletal myoblasts and AC-133+ progenitors in ischemic heart failure is mainly associated with increased angiogenesis based on paracrine factors, which leads to improved survival and lower apoptosis rates of the injected cells.
Phase I and Pharmacodynamic Study of the Oral MEK Inhibitor CI-1040 in Patients With Advanced Malignancies (2005)

CI-1040 was well tolerated at 800 mg BID administered with food. Both target suppression and antitumor activity were demonstrated in this phase I study.
Magnetic resonance imaging of intervertebral disk disease. Clinical and pulse sequence considerations. (1984)

Sixty-five patients were examined with magnetic resonance imaging (MR) to determine what combination of operator-selectable controls would result in a thorough examination of the intervertebral disks. There were 20 normal subjects, 8 with degenerative lumbar disk disease, 27 with both degeneration and herniation, 5 with stenosis of the spinal canal, and 5 with disk space infection. T2 was significantly longer in the normal nucleus pulposus than in the degenerated disk. Based on plots of in vivo signal intensity vs. repetition time (TR) for various echo times (TE), a sagittal 30-msec. TE and a 0.25-sec. TR were used for anatomical delineation and rapid localization, while sagittal and/or axial 120-msec. TE/3-sec. TR images were used to evaluate the cerebrospinal fluid and disk. Comparison with radiographs, high-resolution CT scans, and myelograms showed that MR was the most sensitive for identification of degeneration and disk space infection, separating the normal nucleus pulposus from the annulus and degenerated disk. Herniation, stenosis of the canal, and scarring can be identified as accurately with MR as with CT or myelography.
The novel pituitary polypeptide 7B2 is a highly‐conserved protein coexpressed with proopiomelanocortin (1989)

In the amphibian intermediate pituitary gland the biosynthetic activity for production of the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC) can be physiologically manipulated; POMC synthesis is high in animals adapted to a black background and low in white-adapted animals. In order to study genes associated with POMC gene expression we applied a differential hybridization technique involving screening of a pituitary cDNA library with probes derived from RNA of inactive and physiologically activated intermediate pituitary cells of the amphibian Xenopus laevis. A differentially hybridizing Xenopus pituitary cDNA clone encoded the novel polypeptide 7B2. This Mr-21,000 secretory granule-associated protein of unknown function is shown to be highly conserved between Xenopus and human (83% amino acid sequence similarity). Conserved segments within the 7B2 structure included the N-terminal portion, three pairs of basic amino acids which are potential recognition sites for proteolytic enzymes, and three regions sharing similarity with putative GTP-binding domains. Levels of 7B2 mRNA were about 3% of POMC mRNA levels in Xenopus pituitary glands. In the intermediate pituitary the amount of both POMC and 7B2 mRNA was much higher in black-adapted toads than in white-adapted animals. These physiologically-induced changes in POMC and 7B2 mRNA levels were not found in the anterior pituitary. We conclude that the POMC and 7B2 genes are coexpressed and that modulation of the activity of these genes is tissue-specific.
The value of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the treatment of breast cancer (1980)

The estrogen receptor (ER) assay has become a standard practice in the management of advanced breast cancer. Tumors lacking ER respond infrequently to endocrine therapy, whereas response rates of 50 to 60 percent are observed in ER+ tumors. Recent studies indicate that the ER status of the primary tumor is a good predictor of the endocrine dependence of metastatic tumors at the time of clinical relapse. Furthermore, the absence of ER in the primary tumor is an important independent prognostic indicator of higher rate of recurrence and shorter survival. Quantitative analysis of Er and an assay for progesterone receptor (PgR) are two methods for increasing the accuracy of selecting or rejecting patients for hormonal therapy; tumors with a high quantitative ER content or those with a positive PgR display the highest objective response rates. Preliminary analysis suggests that the presence of PgR may be a better marker of tumor hormone dependence than quantitative ER.
In vivo and in vitro gene transfer to mammalian somatic cells by particle bombardment. (1990)

Chimeric chloramphenicol acetyltransferase and beta-galactosidase marker genes were coated onto fine gold particles and used to bombard a variety of mammalian tissues and cells. Transient expression of the genes was obtained in liver, skin, and muscle tissues of rat and mouse bombarded in vivo. Similar results were obtained with freshly isolated ductal segments of rat and human mammary glands and primary cultures derived from these explants. Gene transfer and transient expression were also observed in eight human cell culture lines, including cells of epithelial, endothelial, fibroblast, and lymphocyte origin. Using CHO and MCF-7 cell cultures as models, we obtained stable gene transfer at frequencies of 1.7 x 10(-3) and 6 x 10(-4), respectively. The particle bombardment technology thus provides a useful means to transfer foreign genes into a variety of mammalian somatic cell systems. The method is applicable to tissues in vivo as well as to isolated cells in culture and has proven effective with all cell or tissue types tested thus far. This technology may therefore prove to be applicable in various aspects of gene therapy.
SIREN: A Memory-Conserving, Snapshot-Consistent Checkpoint Algorithm for in-Memory Databases (2006)

Checkpoint of an in-memory database is the main source of a persistent database image surviving a software crash, or a power outage, and is, together with transactions logs, a foundation for transaction durability. Since checkpoints are created simultaneously with transaction processing, they tend to decrease database throughput and increase its memory footprint. Of the current methods, most efficient are the fuzzy checkpoint algorithms that write dirty pages to disk and require transaction logs for reconstructing a consistent state. Known consistency-preserving methods suffer from excessive memory usage or a transaction-blocking behavior. In this paper, we present a consistency-preserving and memory-efficient checkpoint method. It is based on tuple shadowing as opposed to known page shadowing methods, and rearranging of tuples between pages for minimal memory usage overhead. The method’s algorithms are introduced and both analytical and experimental analysis of the proposed algorithms show significant reduction in the memory usage overhead, and up to 30% higher transaction throughput compared with a fuzzy checkpoint method with undo/redo log.