gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-mobility group box 1 impairs airway epithelial barrier function through the activation of the RAGE/ERK pathway (2016)

Recent studies have indicated that high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma. However, whether the activation of the HMGB1/RAGE axis mediates airway epithelial barrier dysfunction remains unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of HMGB1 and its synergistic action with interleukin (IL)-1β on airway epithelial barrier properties. We evaluated the effects of recombinant human HMGB1 alone or in combination with IL-1β on ionic and macromolecular barrier permeability, by culturing air-liquid interface 16HBE cells with HMGB1 to mimic the differentiated epithelium. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining were utilized to examine the level and structure of major junction proteins, namely E-cadherin, β-catenin, occludin and claudin-1. Furthermore, we examined the effects of RAGE neutralizing antibodies and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors on epithelial barrier properties in order to elucidate the mechanisms involved. HMGB1 increased FITC-dextran permeability, but suppressed epithelial resistance in a dose- and time-dependent manner. HMGB1-mediated barrier hyperpermeability was accompanied by a disruption of cell-cell contacts, the selective downregulation of occludin and claudin-1, and the redistribution of E-cadherin and β-catenin. HMGB1 in synergy with IL-1β induced a similar, but greater barrier hyperpermeability and induced the disruption of junction proteins. Furthermore, HMGB1 elicited the activation of the RAGE/extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)1/2 signaling pathway, which correlated with barrier dysfunction in the 16HBE cells. Anti-RAGE antibody and the ERK1/2 inhibitor, U0126, attenuated the HMGB1-mediated changes in barrier permeability, restored the expression levels of occludin and claudin-1 and pevented the redistribution of E-cadherin and β-catenin. Taken together, the findings of our study demonstrate that HMGB1 is capable of inducing potent effects on epithelial barrier function and that RAGE/ERK1/2 is a key signaling pathway involved in the crosstalk between formations of junction proteins and epithelial barrier dysfunction.
Introducing Nanochemoprevention as a Novel Approach for Cancer Control: Proof of Principle with Green Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (2009)

Chemoprevention, especially through the use of naturally occurring phytochemicals capable of impeding the process of one or more steps of carcinogenesis process, is a promising approach for cancer management. Despite promising results in preclinical settings, its applicability to humans has met with limited success largely due to inefficient systemic delivery and bioavailability of promising chemopreventive agents. Here, we introduce the concept of nanochemoprevention, which uses nanotechnology for enhancing the outcome of chemoprevention. We encapsulated green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in polylactic acid-polyethylene glycol nanoparticles and observed that encapsulated EGCG retains its biological effectiveness with over 10-fold dose advantage for exerting its proapoptotic and angiogenesis inhibitory effects, critically important determinants of chemopreventive effects of EGCG in both in vitro and in vivo systems. Thus, this study could serve as a basis for the use of nanoparticle-mediated delivery to enhance bioavailability and limit any unwanted toxicity of chemopreventive agents, such as EGCG.
Induction of humoral and cell-mediated anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) responses in HIV sero-negative volunteers by immunization with recombinant gp160. (1993)

Development of an effective vaccine for prevention of infection with HIV would provide an important mechanism for controlling the AIDS epidemic. In the current study, the first clinical trial of a candidate HIV-1 vaccine initiated in the United States, the safety and immunogenicity of escalating doses (10-1,280 micrograms) of recombinant gp160 (rgp160), were evaluated in 138 HIV-negative volunteers. Maximal antibody responses, as evaluated by ELISA, were seen after immunization with three doses of 1,280 micrograms rgp160. Responses to some specific epitopes of HIV gp160, including the second conserved domain and the CD4 binding site, were seen more frequently than after natural infection. Neutralizing antibodies to the homologous HIV strain, but not heterologous strains, were induced by this regimen. Blastogenic responses to rgp160 were seen in most volunteers receiving at least two doses of > or = 20 micrograms. These envelope-specific T cell responses were also seen against heterologous strains of HIV. No major adverse reactions were seen after immunization. Thus, rgp160 is a safe and immunogenic candidate HIV vaccine; further studies are needed to determine if it will provide any clinical benefit in preventing HIV infection.
Levels of Influence (2016)

Industry relationships were common in studies in NEJM and JBJS, but rare in Pediatrics. The high prevalence of conflicts of interest may weaken the meaning of declarations and undermine any bias-reducing effect intended by the disclosure system.
Characteristics of hybrid plastic scintillators for slow neutron measurements (2007)

In this paper, we report the characteristics and the performance of the hybrid plastic scintillators for slow neutron measurements. The <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> B-doped and Gd-layered scintillators were manufactured and tested for slow and fast neutrons, and gamma rays. The slow neutrons were provided by an energy moderation of the fast neutrons emitted from a 0.5 Ci <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">252</sup> Cf source. The energy of the slow neutrons ranged from 10 to 600 meV with a peak at 75 meV. Neutron response functions for the hybrid plastic scintillators were measured with the calibrated slow neutron flux. Furthermore, the pulse-shape analysis was performed to differentiate the slow neutrons from the gamma rays. For the 10B-doped scintillators, the difference lying in the tail-to-total charge ratio distribution of the pulses was conductive to estimate the fraction of the gamma rays in the neutron data. However, for the Gd-layered scintillators, the difference was insignificant.
Pixel2Mesh++: Multi-View 3D Mesh Generation via Deformation (2019)

We study the problem of shape generation in 3D mesh representation from a few color images with known camera poses. While many previous works learn to hallucinate the shape directly from priors, we resort to further improving the shape quality by leveraging cross-view information with a graph convolutional network. Instead of building a direct mapping function from images to 3D shape, our model learns to predict series of deformations to improve a coarse shape iteratively. Inspired by traditional multiple view geometry methods, our network samples nearby area around the initial mesh's vertex locations and reasons an optimal deformation using perceptual feature statistics built from multiple input images. Extensive experiments show that our model produces accurate 3D shape that are not only visually plausible from the input perspectives, but also well aligned to arbitrary viewpoints. With the help of physically driven architecture, our model also exhibits generalization capability across different semantic categories, number of input images, and quality of mesh initialization.
A Study of Certain Brominated Derivatives of Oxindole (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Study of Certain Brominated Derivatives of OxindoleWard C. Sumpter, Marion Miller, and Laura Nell HendrickCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1945, 67, 10, 1656–1658Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01226a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01226a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views387Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Intragranular Diffusion: An Important Mechanism Influencing Solute Transport in Clastic Aquifers? (1990)

Quantification of intragranular porosity in sand-size material from an aquifer on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, by scanning electron microscopy, mercury injection, and epifluorescence techniques shows that there are more reaction sites and that porosity is greater than indicated by standard short-term laboratory tests and measurement techniques. Results from laboratory and field tracer tests show solute nonequilibrium for a reacting ion consistent with a model of diffusion into, and exchange within, grain interiors. These data indicate that a diffusion expression needs to be included in transport codes, particularly for simulation of the transport of radioactive and toxic wastes.
A Streptavidin-Based Neoglycoprotein Carrying More Than 140 GT1b Oligosaccharides: Quantitative Estimation of the Binding Specificity of Murine Sialoadhesin Expressed on CHO Cells (1998)

We prepared a streptavidin-based neoglycoprotein which carries more than 140 GT1b oligosaccharides. GT1b oligosaccharides were covalently coupled to streptavidin by reductive amination, yielding a monomer form of streptavidin carrying 13 oligosaccharides. The monomer form of glycosylated streptavidin was polymerized with biotinylated-bovine serum albumin, which yielded a polymer carrying more than 140 oligosaccharides. Both the monomer and the polymer bound to Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing murine sialoadhesin. The relative binding potencies determined with the polymer, monomer, and free GT1b oligosaccharides were 3,500, 83, and 1, respectively, indicating that an increase in the number of oligosaccharide ligands is critical for high avidity. The high avidity of the polymer enabled us to develop a sensitive and quantitative binding assay, and the assay was applied to characterization of the binding specificity of sialoadhesin. The polymer binding was inhibited by various gangliosides, the order of the inhibitory potencies being GM3 (IC50 = 40 microM) > GD1a (100 microM) > sialylparagloboside (120 microM) > GT1b (310 microM) > GM2 (640 microM) > GM4 (2,100 microM) > GD1b>LacCer = GM1 = paragloboside (no inhibition). These results indicate that the binding specificity is comparable to that reported, i.e. the determinant structure is NeuAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-linked to either 3GalNAc, 3(4)GlcNAc, or 4Glc, and that the oligosaccharide structure on the polymer is properly presented to sialoadhesin on the cell surface. To determine the precise requirement of the NeuAc structure for binding, NeuAc of GM3 was converted into various derivatives, the inhibitory potencies of which were examined; i.e. GM3 containing NeuAc, IC50 = 40 microM; C7- or C8-aldehyde, 500 microM; C7- or C8-alcohol, 700 microM; C1-alcohol, 2,000 microM; C1-amide, 2,200 microM; and NeuGc,>3,000 microM. These results confirmed the requirement of the hydroxyl group at C9 and/or C8, the carboxyl group at C1, and the methyl group of the N-acetyl residue of NeuAc in a quantitative manner. Thus, this streptavidin-based neoglycoprotein is a useful multivalent glycoprobe, which exhibits high affinity and specificity to murine sialoadhesin on the cell surface.
The Chemistry of cyanates and their thio derivatives (1977)

The most complete resource in functional group chemistryPatai's Chemistry of Functional Groups is one of chemistry's landmark book series in organic chemistry. An indispensible resource for the organic chemist, this is the most comprehensive reference available in functional group chemistry. Founded in 1964 by the late Professor Saul Patai, the aim of Patai's Chemistry of Functional Groups is to cover all the aspects of the chemistry of an important functional group in each volume, with the emphasis not only on the functional group but on the whole molecule.
Retroviral transfer of a human beta-globin/delta-globin hybrid gene linked to beta locus control region hypersensitive site 2 aimed at the gene therapy of sickle cell disease. (1995)

Human gamma-globin and delta-globin chains have been previously identified as strong inhibitors of the polymerization of hemoglobin S, in contrast to the beta-globin chain, which exerts only a moderate antisickling effect. However, gamma-globin and delta-globin are normally expressed at very low levels in adult erythroid cells, in contrast to beta-globin. We report the design of a beta-globin/delta-globin hybrid gene, beta/delta-sickle cell inhibitor 1 (beta/delta-SCI1) and its transduction by retrovirus-mediated gene transfer. The beta/delta-SCI1-encoding gene retains the overall structure of the human beta-globin gene, while incorporating specific amino acid residues from the delta chain previously found responsible for its enhanced antisickling properties. To achieve high expression levels of beta/delta-SCI1 in adult erythrocytes, the hybrid gene was placed under the transcriptional control of the human beta-globin promoter and the DNase I hypersensitive site 2 of the human beta locus control region. High-titer retroviruses were generated, and stable proviral transmission was achieved in infected cells. The mRNA expression levels of the beta/delta-SCI1 gene in infected, dimethyl sulfoxide-induced murine erythroleukemia cells approached 85% of the endogenous murine beta maj-globin mRNA, on a per gene basis, evidence that high gene expression levels were achieved in adult erythroid cells. Further evaluation of this strategy in transgenic animal models of sickle cell disease should assess its efficacy for the gene therapy of human patients.
Ultrasonic Welding of Aluminum Alloys to Fiber Reinforced Polymers (2013)

To realize multi‐material structures, e.g., out of light metals and fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites suitable joining methods are required. The ultrasonic metal welding technology was applied to produce high strength joints between different aluminum alloys and carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) in the framework of research unit 524 of the German Research Foundation. The bonding mechanisms were characterized by light optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The performed analysis have shown a bonding zone with an intensive contact between the metallic surface and the load bearing carbon fibers of the CFRP as a result of the ultrasonic welding process. Using precipitation hardening aluminum alloy AA2024 tensile shear strengths of up to 58 MPa could be achieved. In comparison to established joining techniques ultrasonic metal welding can be an interesting alternative to realize dissimilar joints for the automotive or aircraft industry.
A Quantitative Model for the Adhesive Locomotion of The Terrestrial Slug, Ariolimax Columbianus (1981)

ABSTRACT The foot of pulmonate gastropods adheres to the surface upon which the animal crawls, the adhesive being a thin layer of pedal mucus. The power for locomotion in these animals is provided by rhythmic muscular contractions (pedal waves) on the ventral surface of the foot, and the force due to these waves is coupled to the substratum by the pedal mucus. Movement of the animal is consequently a result of a balance of forces: if the reactive force provided by the adhesive beneath the stationary portions of the foot is sufficient to offset the frictional force caused by portions of the foot moving forward, the animal is able to crawl. Mechanisms previously proposed to explain this adhesive crawling require that the frictional resistance to forward movement be minimized by the foot being lifted during the passage of a pedal wave. This lifting, however, cannot be reconciled with the properties of the pedal mucus and epithelium, and the terrestrial slug, Ariolimax columbianus, is shown to not lift its foot when crawling. A new mechanism is proposed which does not require lifting of the foot and explains several difficulties inherent in previous studies. Based on this mechanism and the mechanical properties of pedal mucus, a quantitative model is constructed which predicts the frictional and reactive forces, and these predictions are tested against force measurements made under crawling slugs. The model accurately predicts the magnitude of forces under slugs crawling horizontally, but is less accurate in predicting forces under slugs crawling vertically.
Sinapic Acid Ester Metabolism in Wild Type and a Sinapoylglucose-Accumulating Mutant of Arabidopsis (1996)

Sinapoylmalate is one of the major phenylpropanoid metabolites that is accumulated in the vegetative tissue of Arabidopsis thaliana. A thin-layer chromatography-based mutant screen identified two allelic mutant lines that accumulated sinapoylglucose in their leaves in place of sinapoylmalate. Both mutations were found to be recessive and segregated as single Mendelian genes. These mutants define a new locus called SNG1 for sinapoylglucose accumulator. Plants that are homozygous for the sng1 mutation accumulate normal levels of malate in their leaves but lack detectable levels of the final enzyme in sinapate ester biosynthesis, sinapoylglucose:malate sinapoyltransferase. A study of wild-type and sng1 seedlings found that sinapic acid ester biosynthesis in Arabidopsis is developmentally regulated and that the accumulation of sinapate esters is delayed in sng1 mutant seedlings.
The Effect of Combinations of Growth Factors on Ligament Healing (1994)

Platelet-derived growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and insulin-like growth factor Type 1 have demonstrated chemotactic and mitogenic properties in vitro that could benefit healing ligaments. These growth factors also have demonstrated in vivo effects when used in skin wound-healing models. In a previous study, bFGF and IGF-1, used alone, failed to improve healing. The authors wished to test the hypothesis that platelet-derived growth factor alone or combinations of platelet-derived growth factor plus insulin-like growth factor Type 1, platelet-derived growth factor plus basic fibroblast growth factor, or basic fibroblast growth factor plus insulin-like growth factor Type 1 would increase the healing efficiency of ligaments because of their effects on different parts of the cell replication cycle and their abilities to induce chemotaxis. Ligaments receiving platelet-derived growth factor alone were 73% +/- 55% stronger than their contralateral internal controls (p < 0.0025). Stiffness increased 94% +/- 63% over controls (p < 0.0025), and breaking energy was 101% +/- 104% > controls (p < 0.1). Ligaments treated with a combination of platelet-derived growth factor plus insulin-like growth factor Type 1 and platelet-derived growth factor plus basic fibroblast growth factor also had increases in rupture force, stiffness, and breaking energy over internal controls. Ligaments treated with a combination of basic fibroblast growth factor plus insulin-like growth factor Type 1 also appeared to have some improved healing; the results, however, did not prove to be statistically significant. Synergistic effects of growth factor combinations were not evident.
In-Situ Approach to Introduce Flux Pinning in YBCO (Postprint) (2012)

Abstract : Several in-situ methods to introduce ultra-high densities of defects into YBCO to enhance flux pinning are reviewed, including rare-earth or chemical substitution or additions, and nanoparticle additions by various processing methods. The results were compiled using studies published recently or that are publicly available. Superconducting and microstructural properties are compared for different nanoparticle additions including Y211, Y2O3, CeO2, Sm123, MgO, La211, IrZO3, BaZrO3, and mixed (Y,RE)123 compositions. Results are included for thin films deposited on single crystals and metallic substrates, and for bulk powders. Of the methods reviewed, only processing conditions that produced nanoparticle additions have demonstrated significant Jc(H) enhancements for high fields Happl0.3T, whereas rare-earth-only substitutions have increased Jc(H) at low-fields Happl1T in the case when secondary nanoparticles formations were not observed. For nanoparticle additions high-lattice mismatch materials have given consistently large increase of Jc(H). Results with small-lattice mismatched materials are less consistent thus far; several groups are reporting increases of Jc(H) with large (Y,X)2O3-type nanoparticle size about 15 nm to 40 nm, whereas other groups are reporting minimal results with small (Y,X)2O3-type nanoparticle sizes 5 nm. In this work, very-small lattice mismatches degraded flux pinning presumably by making Y123 more uniform and with less pinning defects.
Peptide-lead CXCR4 antagonists with high anti-HIV activity. (2001)

The highly selective CXCR4 antagonist, T-22 ([Tyr5,12,Lys7]-polyphemusin II), and its shortened potent analogs, T-140 and TC-14012, strongly inhibit T-cell line-tropic HIV-1 (X4-HIV-1) infection through their specific binding to a chemokine receptor, CXCR4. These peptides were found through studies of the structure-activity relationships of tachyplesins and polyphemusins, which function as self-defence peptides of horseshoe crab's immature immune systems. T-140 and TC-14012 possess the highest level of anti-HIV activity and antagonism of target cell entry by X4-HIV-1 among all the CXCR4 antagonists that have been reported to date.
Scanning probe anodization: Nanolithography using thin films of anodically oxidizable materials as resists (1996)

We report scanning probe microscope (SPM) nanolithography that uses thin films patternable by scanning probe anodization as resists. An organosilane monolayer composed of trimethylsilyl [−Si(CH3)3] groups was prepared by chemical vapor deposition on a Si substrate. It was then patterned through the localized degradation of the monolayer as a result of anodic reactions induced beneath a SPM tip. The fabricated patterns on the resist were transferred into the substrate Si by area-selective chemical etching in an aqueous NH4F/H2O2 solution. Consequently, grooves narrower than 100 nm were successfully fabricated. We have also developed another resist system for SPM lithography that is compatible with a wide range of surfaces, including insulators. The resist consisted of a thin Ti film covered with a fluoroalkylsilane monolayer. The monolayer was degraded along a tip-scanning trace. This patterned resist was etched in a dilute HF solution. The chemical etching of the underlying Ti film proceeded selectively in the region where the monolayer had been degraded, and the pattern was transferred into the Ti resist film.