gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cellular microRNA expression correlates with susceptibility of monocytes/macrophages to HIV-1 infection (2008)

Although both monocytes and macrophages possess essential requirements for HIV-1 entry, peripheral blood monocytes are infrequently infected with HIV-1 in vivo and in vitro. In contrast, tissue macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro are highly susceptible to infection with HIV-1 R5 tropic strains. We investigated intracellular anti-HIV-1 factors that contribute to differential susceptibility of monocytes/macrophages to HIV-1 infection. Freshly isolated monocytes from peripheral blood had significantly higher levels of the anti-HIV-1 microRNAs (miRNA, miRNA-28, miRNA-150, miRNA-223, and miRNA-382) than monocyte-derived macrophages. The suppression of these anti-HIV-1 miRNAs in monocytes facilitates HIV-1 infectivity, whereas increase of the anti-HIV-1 miRNA expression in macrophages inhibited HIV-1 replication. These findings provide compelling and direct evidence at the molecular level to support the notion that intracellular anti-HIV-1 miRNA-mediated innate immunity may have a key role in protecting monocytes/macrophages from HIV-1 infection.
A leucine-rich repeat containing receptor-like kinase marks somatic plant cells competent to form embryos (1997)

The first somatic single cells of carrot hypocotyl explants having the competence to form embryos in the presence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were identified using semi-automatic cell tracking. These competent cells are present as a small subpopulation of enlarged and vacuolated cells derived from cytoplasm-rich and rapidly proliferating non-embryogenic cells that originate from the provascular elements of the hypocotyl. A search for marker genes to monitor the transition of somatic into competent and embryogenic cells in established suspension cell cultures resulted in the identification of a gene transiently expressed in a small subpopulation of the same enlarged single cells that are formed during the initiation of the embryogenic cultures from hypocotyl explants. The predicted amino acid sequence and in vitro kinase assays show that this gene encodes a leucine-rich repeat containing receptor-like kinase protein, designated Somatic Embryogenesis Receptor-like Kinase (SERK). Somatic embryos formed from cells expressing a SERK promoter-luciferase reporter gene. During somatic embryogenesis, SERK expression ceased after the globular stage. In plants, SERK mRNA could only be detected transiently in the zygotic embryo up to the early globular stage but not in unpollinated flowers nor in any other plant tissue. These results suggest that somatic cells competent to form embryos and early globular somatic embryos share a highly specific signal transduction chain with the zygotic embryo from shortly after fertilization to the early globular embryo.
Controlled Synthesis and Optical Properties of Pure Gold Nanoparticles (2009)

Abstract Gold nanoparticles were synthesized by laser ablation of a gold metallic disc at wavelengths of 532 nm and 355 nm with 7 ns pulse duration in the pure water. The colloidal gold nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and fluorescence spectrometry. The presence of a surface plasmon resonance peak around ∼ 524 nm indicates the formation of gold nanoparticles. The formation efficiencies of gold nanoparticles in colloids were found to increase when ablating the gold metallic disc with a laser having a longer wavelength. The size distributions of the gold nanoparticles thus produced were measured by transmission electron microscopy. A reduction in mean diameter of the particles was observed with a decrease in the laser wavelength under the irradiation at a high fluence of 25 mJ/pulse. The fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated that these gold nanoparticles are fluorescent, showing a strong blue emission intensity at 458 nm.
Directional transducers (1971)

Directional electroacoustic transducers for the audio-frequency range, based on the electrostatic principle using foil electrets, have been designed. The directivity is achieved by utilizing first, second, and higher order gradients with bidirectional, unidirectional, and toroidal characteristics. Experimental results on directional characteristics directivity factor, and frequency response for each type of transducer are described. Possible application of such directional microphones in two-way communication systems is also discussed.
Two-dimensional curvature operators (1988)

Most computer vision systems use one-dimensional operators to calculate the curvature of boundaries or image contours. However, the more sophisticated biological systems use two-dimensional operators. Here we analyze how curvature can be computed by using two-dimensional operators and show the relation of this approach to the one-dimensional methods currently in use.
Elevated Levels of the Angiogenic Peptide Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Urine of Bladder Cancer Patients (1993)

Journal Article Elevated Levels of the Angiogenic Peptide Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Urine of Bladder Cancer Patients Get access Mai Nguyen, Mai Nguyen Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, Mass Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hiroyuki Watanabe, Hiroyuki Watanabe Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital, Boston, and Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd.Osaka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Andrew E. Budson, Andrew E. Budson Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jerome P. Richie, Jerome P. Richie Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Department of Urology, Harvard Medical School Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Judah Folkman Judah Folkman Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital, and Departments of Surgery and Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Harvard Medical School Correspondence to : Judah Folkman, M.D., Children's Hospital, Hunnewell 103, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 3, 3 February 1993, Pages 241–242, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.3.241 Published: 03 February 1993 Article history Received: 20 October 1991 Revision received: 13 November 1992 Accepted: 18 November 1992 Published: 03 February 1993
Two G Protein Oncogenes in Human Endocrine Tumors (1990)

Somatic mutations in a subset of growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary tumors convert the gene for the alpha polypeptide chain (alpha s) of Gs into a putative oncogene, termed gsp. These mutations, which activate alpha s by inhibiting its guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activity, are found in codons for either of two amino acids, each of which is completely conserved in all known G protein alpha chains. The likelihood that similar mutations would activate other G proteins prompted a survey of human tumors for mutations that replace either of these two amino acids in other G protein alpha chain genes. The first gene so far tested, which encodes the alpha chain of Gi2, showed mutations that replaced arginine-179 with either cysteine or histidine in 3 of 11 tumors of the adrenal cortex and 3 of 10 endocrine tumors of the ovary. The mutant alpha i2 gene is a putative oncogene, referred to as gip2. In addition, gsp mutations were found in 18 of 42 GH-secreting pituitary tumors and in an autonomously functioning thyroid adenoma. These findings suggest that human tumors may harbor oncogenic mutations in various G protein alpha chain genes.
Effect of tauro‐α‐muricholate and tauro‐β‐muricholate on oestradiol‐17β‐glucuronide‐induced cholestasis in rats (1997)

The effect of tauro-beta-muricholate (beta MC-tau) and tauro-alpha-muricholate (alpha MC-tau) on oestradiol-17 beta-glucuronide (E217G)-induced cholestasis was compared with that of tauroursodeoxycholate (UDC-tau) in rats. Like UDC-tau, alpha MC-tau and beta MC-tau infused at the rate of 0.2 mumol/min per 100 g bodyweight (BW) completely inhibited the cholestasis induced by E217G infused at the rate of 0.06 mumol/min per 100 g BW for 20 min. These findings indicate that beta MC-tau and alpha MC-tau are useful in protecting against various types of experimental cholestasis, as well as against bile acid-induced cholestasis.
Bevacizumab in combination with 5-FU/leucovorin improves survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: A combined analysis (2004)

3616 Background: Bevacizumab [Avastin (BV)], a recombinant, humanized monoclonal antibody against VEGF, improves survival in combination with chemotherapy for first line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). In a randomized, placebo-controlled phase III study, the addition of BV to irinotecan/5-FU/Leucovorin (IFL) resulted in significant improvement in survival compared with IFL alone (p=0.00004; median survival increased from 15.6 months to 20.3 months). BV has been combined with 5-FU/leucovorin (LV) alone in 3 randomized studies (see table). In the phase III study, a third treatment arm of BV/5-FU/LV was included until the safety of IFL/BV was demonstrated in a pre-specified analysis. BV/5-FU/LV has been studied in 2 randomized phase II studies. In the larger phase II study, patient characteristics were similar to those in the phase III study with the exception that median age was 71 compared with 60 years, and ECOG performance status â‰¥ 1 was 72% versus 41% of patients. Combining the patient data from these 3 studies allows a more robust evaluation of efficacy and safety of BV/5-FU/LV in comparison with a combined control of 5-FU/LV and IFL. Methods: The combined control group included patients with metastatic CRC randomized to 5-FU/LV or to IFL. The comparator arm included patients randomized in these same studies to BV/5-FU/LV. BV dosing was 5mg/kg every 2 weeks in all patients evaluated. Results: The efficacy results are shown below. There was a 26% reduction in daily risk of death with BV/5-FU/LV compared with 5-FU/LV or IFL alone (hazard ratio 0.742; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.93). Adverse events were consistent with those previously reported. Conclusion: This large combined analysis confirms that the combination of Bevacizumab with 5 FU/LV improves survival and progression-free survival compared with 5-FU/LV or IFL alone. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Genentech Genentech Genentech
ARENEBORONATES FROM DIOLS AND POLYOLS1 (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTARENEBORONATES FROM DIOLS AND POLYOLS1HENRY G. KUIVILA, ALLEN H. KEOUGH, and EDWARD J. SOBOCZENSKICite this: J. Org. Chem. 1954, 19, 5, 780–783Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1954https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01370a013RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2263Altmetric-Citations187LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (264 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Immune evasion by adenoviruses (1999)

Adenovirus is a human pathogen that infects mainly respiratory and gastrointestinal epithelia. While the pathology caused by this virus is generally not life threatening in immunocompetent individuals, there is a large literature describing its ability to establish a persistent infection. These persistent infections typically occur in apparently healthy individuals with no outward signs of disease. Such a long term and benign interaction between virus and immune system requires adenoviruses to dampen host antiviral effector mechanisms that would otherwise eliminate the virus and cause immune-mediated pathology to the host. Adenovirus devotes a significant portion of its genome to gene products whose sole function seems to be the modulation of host immune responses. This review focuses on what is currently understood about how these immunomodulatory mechanisms work and how they might play a role in maintaining the virus in a persistent state.
Protein Aggregation (2001)

Protein aggregation occurs in vivo as a result of improper folding or misfolding. Diverse diseases arise from protein misfolding and are now grouped under the term "protein conformational diseases", including most of the neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, the prion encephalopathies and Huntington's disease, as well as cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia and other less common conditions. The hallmark event in these diseases is a change in the secondary and/or tertiary structure of a normal, functional protein, leading to the formation of protein aggregates with various supramolecular organizations. In most cases the aggregates are organized in structurally well-defined fibrils forming amyloid deposits. The crucial feature of the amyloidogenic proteins is their structural instability induced either by mutations, post-translational modifications, or local conditions, such as pH, temperature, and co-solutes. The conformational change may promote the disease either by gain of a toxic activity or by the lack of biological function of the natively folded protein. As different molecular mechanisms are involved in the formation of the various forms of protein aggregates, the laboratory diagnostic approach remains frequently elusive.
Proteomic Analysis of a Detergent-resistant Membrane Skeleton from Neutrophil Plasma Membranes (2002)

Plasma membranes are organized into functional domains both by liquid-ordered packing into "lipid rafts," structures that resist Triton extraction, and by attachments to underlying cytoskeletal proteins in assemblies called "membrane skeletons." Although the actin cytoskeleton is implicated in many lipid raft-mediated signaling processes, little is known about the biochemical basis for actin involvement. We show here that a subset of plasma membrane skeleton proteins from bovine neutrophils co-isolates with cholesterol-rich, detergent-resistant membrane fragments (DRMs) that exhibit a relatively high buoyant density in sucrose (DRM-H; d approximately 1.16 g/ml). By using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight and tandem mass spectrometry, we identified 19 major DRM-H proteins. Membrane skeleton proteins include fodrin (nonerythroid spectrin), myosin-IIA, myosin-IG, alpha-actinin 1, alpha-actinin 4, vimentin, and the F-actin-binding protein, supervillin. Other DRM-H components include lipid raft-associated integral membrane proteins (stomatin, flotillin 1, and flotillin 2), extracellular surface-bound and glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (IgM, membrane-type 6 matrix metalloproteinase), and intracellular dually acylated signaling proteins (Lyn kinase, Galpha(i-2)). Consistent with cytoskeletal association, most DRM-H-associated flotillin 2, Lyn, and Galpha(i-2) also resist extraction with 0.1 m octyl glucoside. Supervillin, myosin-IG, and myosin-IIA resist extraction with 0.1 m sodium carbonate, a treatment that removes all detectable actin, suggesting that these cytoskeletal proteins are proximal to the DRM-H bilayer. Binding of supervillin to the DRM-H fragments is confirmed by co-immunoaffinity purification. In spreading neutrophils, supervillin localizes with F-actin in cell extensions and in discrete basal puncta that partially overlap with Galpha(i) staining. We suggest that the DRM-H fraction represents a membrane skeleton-associated subset of leukocyte signaling domains.
A cancer-array approach elucidates the immune escape mechanism and defects in the DNA repair system in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (2013)

Immuno-modulatory and DNA repair pathways could be used as targets to locate specific diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers for ESCC.
MPEG Splicing: A New Standard for Television — SMPTE 312M (1998)

Commercial insertion, promo insertion, studio routing, camera switching, tape editing—each of these basic operations involves switching video and audio. We want to continue to perform these operations even as we move from using uncompressed video to using MPEG-2 compressed video, but they are far from trivial. This paper describes the MPEG bitstream constraints required to facilitate switching—or “splicing”—MPEG bit-streams. It also describes the refinements to these constraints that have led to a new standard, SMPTE 312M, Television, Splice Points for MPEG-2 Transport Streams, which specifies bitstream constraints for both seamless and nonseamless splicing. It is ironic that, although splicing is likely the simplest method of switching between MPEG-2 bitstreams, it is probably the most difficult to understand. This paper intends to alleviate the mystery of splicing by explaining the underlying principles clearly so that this simple yet effective technique may be put into wide use throughout the emerging digital television industry.
Genome-wide coexpression dynamics: Theory and application (2002)

High-throughput expression profiling enables the global study of gene activities. Genes with positively correlated expression profiles are likely to encode functionally related proteins. However, all biological processes are interlocked, and each protein may play multiple cellular roles. Thus the coexpression of any two functionally related genes may depend on the constantly varying, yet often-unknown cellular state. To initiate a systematic study on this issue, a theory of coexpression dynamics is presented. This theory is used to rationalize a strategy of conducting a genome-wide search for the most critical cellular players that may affect the coexpression pattern of any two genes. In one example, using a yeast data set, our method reveals how the enzymes associated with the urea cycle are expressed to ensure proper mass flow of the involved metabolites. The correlation between ARG2 and CAR2 is found to change from positive to negative as the expression level of CPA2 increases. This delicate interplay in correlation signifies a remarkable control on the influx and efflux of ornithine and reflects well the intrinsic cellular demand for arginine. In addition to the urea cycle, our examples include SCH9 and CYR1 (both implicated in a recent longevity study), cytochrome c1 (mitochondrial electron transport), calmodulin (main calcium-binding protein), PFK1 and PFK2 (glycolysis), and two genes, ECM1 and YNL101W, the functions of which are newly revealed. The complexity in computation is eased by a new result from mathematical statistics.
New fatfree drug delivery systems for the anaesthetic 2,6-diisopropylphenol (2008)

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Solubilisierung von Wirkstoffen. Dabei wurden Co-Polymere verwendet und es wurden zwei veschiedene Konzepte zur Solubilisierung verfolgt. Die Eigenschaften der hergestellten Lösungen wurden mit Licht-Mikroskopie, DLS und UV/VIS-SPektroskopie untersucht.
Internet Message Protocol (1980)

The Internet Message Protocol is intended to be used for the transmission of messages between networks. It may also be used for the local message system of a network or host.
Depth-resolved holography through turbid media using photorefraction (1996)

A technique based on photorefractive holography for imaging objects obscured by a scattering medium is presented. Using ultrashort pulse illumination, depth-resolved whole-field images of three dimensional objects embedded in scattering media have been obtained. Bulk photorefractive crystals and photorefractive multiple quantum-well (MQW) devices have been investigated as the hologram recording element. Images have been obtained through media of up to 16 scattering mean free paths with a system based on bulk rhodium-doped barium titanate (Rh:BaTiO/sub 3/). Using MQW devices, a real-time image acquisition (<0.4 ms) has been demonstrated when imaging through eight scattering mean free paths. The relative merits of photorefractive holography are discussed, including its potential to provide a higher dynamic range of detection than traditional photographic film based or electronic holography. This could be important for in vivo imaging through biological tissue.
Identification and Characterization of Arabidopsis Mutants with Reduced Quenching of Chlorophyll Fluorescence (1999)

Regulation of nonradiative dissipation of absorbed light energy in PSII is an indispensable process to avoid photoinhibition in plants. To dissect molecular mechanisms of the regulation, we identified Arabidopsis mutants with reduced quenching of Chl fluorescence using a fluorescence imaging system. By analyses of Chl fluorescence induction pattern in the light and quantum yield of both photosystems, 37 mutants were classified into three groups. The first group was characterized by an extremely high level of minimum Chl fluorescence at the open PSII center possibly due to a defect in PSII. Mutants with significant reduction in the nonphotochemical quenching formation but not in quantum yield of both photosystems were classified into the second group. Mutants in the third group showed reduction in quantum yield of both photosystems possibly due to a defect in the electron transport activity. Mutants in the second and third groups were further characterized by light intensity dependence of Chl fluorescence parameters and steady state redox level of P700.
An instrument for sorting of magnetic microparticles in a magnetic field gradient (2006)

We have developed a simple magnetophoresis system for reproducibly sorting magnetic microparticles. This technique will permit the use of microparticles with a wide range of magnetic moments to create a wide range of magnetic labels. Careful consideration of system design and operational parameters enables reliable and reproducible sorting of microparticles with varying size and magnetic content.