gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theranostic Agents for Photodynamic Therapy of Prostate Cancer by Targeting Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (2016)

Prostatectomy has been the mainstay treatment for men with localized prostate cancer. Surgery, however, often can result in major side effects, which are caused from damage and removal of nerves and muscles surrounding the prostate. A technology that can help surgeons more precisely identify and remove prostate cancer resulting in a more complete prostatectomy is needed. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a type II membrane antigen highly expressed in prostate cancer, has been an attractive target for imaging and therapy. The objective of this study is to develop low molecular weight PSMA-targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) agents, which would provide image guidance for prostate tumor resection and allow for subsequent PDT to eliminate unresectable or remaining cancer cells. On the basis of our highly negatively charged, urea-based PSMA ligand PSMA-1, we synthesized two PSMA-targeting PDT conjugates named PSMA-1-Pc413 and PSMA-1-IR700. In in vitro cellular uptake experiments and in vivo animal imaging experiments, the two conjugates demonstrated selective and specific uptake in PSMA-positive PC3pip cells/tumors, but not in PSMA-negative PC3flu cells/tumors. Further in vivo photodynamic treatment proved that the two PSMA-1-PDT conjugates can effectively inhibit PC3pip tumor progression. The two PSMA-1-PDT conjugates reported here may have the potential to aid in the detection and resection of prostate cancers. It may also allow for the identification of unresectable cancer tissue and PDT ablation of such tissue after surgical resection with potentially less damage to surrounding tissues. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(8); 1834-44. ©2016 AACR.
A Survey of Challenges and Applications of Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) and Role of a Virtual Doctor Server in Existing Architecture (2012)

Wireless body area network has gained much interest and became emerging technology at health service facilities due to its wide range of utility and vital role to improve the human health. In this research paper, we are conducting a comprehensive survey of wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) and also introducing a virtual doctor server (VDS) in existing WBAN architecture. Existing architecture of WBAN consists of: wireless sensor, wireless actuator node , wireless central unit and wireless Personal Device (PD). Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) or smart phone can be used as PD. Based on the existing architecture mentioned above, we propose a design concept for a virtual doctor server (VDS) to support various patient health care services. VDS will keep the historical data about the patient, generate the daily tips and advices for him, call the doctor or emergency squad if required and can provide first aid assistance instructions on patient or any of his close relative's PDA's.
Adaptive group sequential design for phase II clinical trials: A Bayesian decision theoretic approach (2009)

Bayesian decision theoretic approaches (BDTAs) have been widely studied in the literature as tools for designing and conducting phase II clinical trials. However, full Bayesian approaches that consider multiple endpoints are lacking. Since the monitoring of toxicity is a major goal of phase II trials, we propose an adaptive group sequential design using a BDTA, which characterizes efficacy and toxicity as correlated bivariate binary endpoints. We allow trade-off between the two endpoints. Interim evaluations are conducted group sequentially, but the number of interim looks and the size of each group are chosen adaptively based on current observations.We utilize a loss function consisting of two components: the loss associated with accruing, treating, and monitoring patients, and the loss associated with making incorrect decisions. The performance of our Bayesian modeling, and the operating characteristics of decision rules under a wide range of loss function parameters are evaluated using seven scenarios in a simulation study.Our method is illustrated in the context of a single-arm phase II trial of bevacizumab, gemcitabine, and oxaliplatin in patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
The GAZE groupware system (1999)

In this paper, we discuss why, in designing multiparty mediated systems, we should focus first on providing non-verbal cues which are less redundantly coded in speech than those normally conveyed by video. We show how conveying one such cue, gaze direction, may solve two problems in multiparty mediated communication and collaboration: knowing who is talking to whom, and who is talking about what. As a candidate solution, we present the GAZE Groupware System, which combines support for gaze awareness in multiparty mediated communication and collaboration with small and linear bandwidth requirements. The system uses an advanced, desk- mounted eyetracker to metaphorically convey gaze awareness in a 3D virtual meeting room and within shared documents.
Wide-band polarization controller for Si photonic integrated circuits (2016)

A circuit for the management of any arbitrary polarization state of light is demonstrated on an integrated silicon (Si) photonics platform. This circuit allows us to adapt any polarization into the standard fundamental TE mode of a Si waveguide and, conversely, to control the polarization and set it to any arbitrary polarization state. In addition, the integrated thermal tuning allows kilohertz speed which can be used to perform a polarization scrambler. The circuit was used in a WDM link and successfully used to adapt four channels into a standard Si photonic integrated circuit.
50% active-power saving without speed degradation using standby power reduction (SPR) circuit (2002)

High-speed and low-power are required for multimedia LSIs, since portability with battery operation is sometimes the key factor for multimedia equipment, while delivering giga operations per second (GOPS) processing power for digital video use. To understand circuit delay and power dissipation dependence on power supply voltage (V/sub DD/) and threshold voltage of MOSFETs (V/sub TH/), a typical logic circuit is investigated. Fanout is chosen to be 5 which corresponds to the statistical average of gate load in ASICs. A simulated delay dependence on V/sub DD/ and V/sub TH/ is presented. The same V/sub TH/ is chosen for nMOS and pMOS. It is shown that if V/sub TH/ is reduced to 0.3V, V/sub DD/ can be decreased down to 2V while maintaining the speed at V/sub TH/=0.7V and V/sub DD/=3V which is the typical operation condition for high-speed LSIs. The active power dissipation, in this case, is reduced by more than 50%.
Costameres, focal adhesions, and cardiomyocyte mechanotransduction (2005)

Mechanotransduction refers to the cellular mechanisms by which load-bearing cells sense physical forces, transduce the forces into biochemical signals, and generate appropriate responses leading to alterations in cellular structure and function. This process affects the beat-to-beat regulation of cardiac performance but also affects the proliferation, differentiation, growth, and survival of the cellular components that comprise the human myocardium. This review focuses on the experimental evidence indicating that the costamere and its structurally related structure the focal adhesion complex are critical cytoskeletal elements involved in cardiomyocyte mechanotransduction. Biochemical signals originating from the extracellular matrix-integrin-costameric protein complex share many common features with those signals generated by growth factor receptors. The roles of key regulatory kinases and other muscle-specific proteins involved in mechanotransduction and growth factor signaling are discussed, and issues requiring further study in this field are outlined.
Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the production of 2‐phenylethanol via Ehrlich pathway (2013)

2-Phenylethanol (2-PE), a fragrance compound with a rose-like odor, is widely used in perfumery and cosmetics. Here, we report the first metabolic engineering approach for 2-PE production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 2-PE can be produced from the catabolism of L-phenylalanine via Ehrlich pathway, consisting of transamination to phenylpyruvate by Aro9, decarboxylation to phenylacetaldehyde by Aro10, and reduction to 2-PE by alcohol dehydrogenases. We demonstrated that Ald3 is mainly responsible for phenylacetaldehyde oxidation, competing with 2-PE production. ALD3 deletion strain overexpressing ARO9 and ARO10 both by episomal overexpression and by induction of the endogenous genes through overexpression of Aro80 transcription factor, produced 4.8 g/L 2-PE in a medium containing 10 g/L L-phenylalanine as a sole nitrogen source. Considering the cytotoxicity of 2-PE, this production titer is almost the upper limit that can be reached in batch cultures, suggesting the great potential of this yeast strain for 2-PE production. 2-PE production was further increased by applying two-phase fermentation method with polypropylene glycol 1200 as an extractant, reaching 6.1 g/L 2-PE in organic phase with the molar yield of 82.5%, which is about ninefold increase compared with wild type.
Metastatic patterns in histologic variants of ovarian cancer. An autopsy study (1989)

The autopsy findings of 428 patients with various histologic types of ovarian cancer were studied to determine if metastatic patterns were different. Epithelial tumors were the most frequent (89%), followed by sarcomas (7.2%). Germ cell and stromal tumors each occurred in 1.9% of cases. Sites of metastasis were nearly identical, with no statistical difference among histologic types. The peritoneum was most frequently involved (83% to 100% of cases), but lymph node metastasis was common (50% to 60% of cases). Metastasis was more common to the paraaortic lymph nodes than to the pelvic lymph nodes. In seven of eight stromal tumors, hepatic metastasis was present but did not cause the patient's death. For epithelial tumors, metastasis to distant sites was dependent on nodal and intraperitoneal disease. However, this was not true in the 31 ovarian sarcomas or the series of germ cell or stromal tumors. This finding supports a hematogenous route of metastasis for ovarian sarcomas. Understanding the metastatic potential of ovarian cancer is important in designing effective treatment regimens.
Online capillary liquid–liquid electroextraction of peptides as fast pre‐concentration prior to LC‐MS (2010)

In this research paper, we show that capillary electroextraction (cEE) is capable of fast online peptide concentration and that it can be coupled online to LC-MS to result in a fast and sensitive method. Electroextraction takes place when an electrical field is applied in a two-phase liquid-liquid system. Sample molecules in the organic phase migrate very fast into the aqueous phase and are concentrated in a small zone. In this work, cEE of peptides is developed and coupled online to LC-MS via a switching valve. Comparison of 10 min of cEE-LC-MS with a normal LC-MS injection showed more than 100-fold increased peak heights. Of five model peptides, good calibration curves in the range of 0.05-5 μmol/L were obtained. The linearity was good (R(2) values between 0.984 and 0.996) and RSD between 5% at the highest to 25% at the lowest concentration (n=3). The LOD of bradykinin, angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin I was in the low nmol/L range. Analysis of a tryptic digest of eight model proteins resulted in more than 170 peptides, without bias for pI or hydrophilicity. Urine analysis is demonstrated, resulting in an LOD around 0.04 μmol/L urine for tryptic cytochrome C peptides spiked to urine and an increase of 42% in the number of chromatographic peaks compared with the conventional LC-MS. In summary, cEE-LC-MS is a fast electrophoresis-driven sample preconcentration technique that is quantitative, able to extract a wide peptide range and applicable to bioanalysis.
Microsatellite Instability in Cancer of the Proximal Colon (1993)

Colorectal tumor DNA was examined for somatic instability at (CA)n repeats on human chromosomes 5q, 15q, 17p, and 18q. Differences between tumor and normal DNA were detected in 25 of the 90 (28 percent) tumors examined. This instability appeared as either a substantial change in repeat length (often heterogeneous in nature) or a minor change (typically two base pairs). Microsatellite instability was significantly correlated with the tumor's location in the proximal colon (P = 0.003), with increased patient survival (P = 0.02), and, inversely, with loss of heterozygosity for chromosomes 5q, 17p, and 18q. These data suggest that some colorectal cancers may arise through a mechanism that does not necessarily involve loss of heterozygosity.
Integrated Stress Response as a Therapeutic Target for CNS Injuries (2017)

Central nervous system (CNS) injuries, caused by cerebrovascular pathologies or mechanical contusions (e.g., traumatic brain injury, TBI) comprise a diverse group of disorders that share the activation of the integrated stress response (ISR). This pathway is an innate protective mechanism, with encouraging potential as therapeutic target for CNS injury repair. In this review, we will focus on the progress in understanding the role of the ISR and we will discuss the effects of various small molecules that target the ISR on different animal models of CNS injury.
Increased IgG on cell‐derived plasma microparticles in systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with autoantibodies and complement activation (2012)

Our findings indicate that circulating cell-derived MPs in SLE patients carry increased loads of IgG, IgM, and C1q and that IgG MPs are associated with autoantibodies and complement activation. The findings link immunologic reactions on MPs with the etiology of SLE.
Quality Versus Quantity: E-Mail-Centric Task Management and Its Relation With Overload (2005)

It is widely acknowledged that many professionals suffer from “e-mail overload.” This articlepresents findings fromin-depth fieldwork that examined thisphenome-non, uncovering six key challenges of task management in e-mail. Analysis of quali-tativeandquantitativedata suggests that it is not simply thequantitybut also thecol-
Assessment and Statistics of Surgically Induced Astigmatism (2008)

The aim of the thesis was to develop methods for assessment of surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) in individual eyes, and in groups of eyes. The thesis is based on 12 peer-reviewed publications, published over a period of 16 years. In these publications older and contemporary literature was reviewed(1). A new method (the polar system) for analysis of SIA was developed. Multivariate statistical analysis of refractive data was described(2-4). Clinical validation studies were performed. The description of a cylinder surface with polar values and differential geometry was compared. The main results were: refractive data in the form of sphere, cylinder and axis may define an individual patient or data set, but are unsuited for mathematical and statistical analyses(1). The polar value system converts net astigmatisms to orthonormal components in dioptric space. A polar value is the difference in meridional power between two orthogonal meridians(5,6). Any pair of polar values, separated by an arch of 45 degrees, characterizes a net astigmatism completely(7). The two polar values represent the net curvital and net torsional power over the chosen meridian(8). The spherical component is described by the spherical equivalent power. Several clinical studies demonstrated the efficiency of multivariate statistical analysis of refractive data(4,9-11). Polar values and formal differential geometry describe astigmatic surfaces with similar concepts and mathematical functions(8). Other contemporary methods, such as Long's power matrix, Holladay's and Alpins' methods, Zernike(12) and Fourier analyses(8), are correlated to the polar value system. In conclusion, analysis of SIA should be performed with polar values or other contemporary component systems. The study was supported by Statens Sundhedsvidenskabeligt Forskningsråd, Cykelhandler P. Th. Rasmussen og Hustrus Mindelegat, Hotelejer Carl Larsen og Hustru Nicoline Larsens Mindelegat, Landsforeningen til Vaern om Synet, Forskningsinitiativet for Arhus Amt, Alcon Denmark, and Desirée and Niels Ydes Fond.
ACTUAL GROWTH OF YOUNG CARTILAGE TRANSPLANTS IN RABBITS (1941)

In the field of plastic and reconstructive surgery the transplantation of cartilage has assumed a role of increasing importance. During the past seventy-five years many reports have appeared in the literature describing the experimental and clinical results of the use of cartilage grafts, but the conclusions presented have often been contradictory. At present the evidence for survival of autografts of cartilage is admitted readily, but similar proof for the viability of isotransplants<sup>1</sup>is not so conclusive. Observations as to whether cartilage grafts were living or dead have depended on the gross and microscopic appearance of apparently viable cartilage cells at the time of removal of the graft. It has been assumed that if a transplant of very young cartilage remains viable in all probability it will resume its regular rate of growth. A demonstrable increase in size of the graft, correlated with the macroscopic and microscopic appearance, would present
CXCL10 Can Inhibit Endothelial Cell Proliferation Independently of CXCR3 (2010)

CXCL10 (or Interferon-inducible protein of 10 kDa, IP-10) is an interferon-inducible chemokine with potent chemotactic activity on activated effector T cells and other leukocytes expressing its high affinity G protein-coupled receptor CXCR3. CXCL10 is also active on other cell types, including endothelial cells and fibroblasts. The mechanisms through which CXCL10 mediates its effects on non-leukocytes is not fully understood. In this study, we focus on the anti-proliferative effect of CXCL10 on endothelial cells, and demonstrate that CXCL10 can inhibit endothelial cell proliferation in vitro independently of CXCR3. Four main findings support this conclusion. First, primary mouse endothelial cells isolated from CXCR3-deficient mice were inhibited by CXCL10 as efficiently as wildtype endothelial cells. We also note that the proposed alternative splice form CXCR3-B, which is thought to mediate CXCL10's angiostatic activity, does not exist in mice based on published mouse CXCR3 genomic sequences as an in-frame stop codon would terminate the proposed CXCR3-B splice variant in mice. Second, we demonstrate that human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human lung microvascular endothelial cells that were inhibited by CXL10 did not express CXCR3 by FACS analysis. Third, two different neutralizing CXCR3 antibodies did not inhibit the anti-proliferative effect of CXCL10. Finally, fourth, utilizing a panel of CXCL10 mutants, we show that the ability to inhibit endothelial cell proliferation correlates with CXCL10's glycosaminoglycan binding affinity and not with its CXCR3 binding and signaling. Thus, using a very defined system, we show that CXCL10 can inhibit endothelial cell proliferation through a CXCR3-independent mechanism.
Stoichiometry of sodium and potassium transport in erythrocytes from patients with myotonic muscular dystrophy. (1976)

1. 22Na and 42K radioisotopes were used to measure Na efflux and K influx in identical suspensions of fresh erythrocytes from myotonic dystrophy patients and matched controls under the same conditions and in the same time interval. K was present in concentration 10 mM in the suspending medium to prevent Na-for-Na exchange. Each flux was measured in the presence and absence of ouabain. The mean ouabain-sensitive Na efflux rate in controls (2-33+/-0-13, S.E. of mean, m-equiv/1. cells.hr) was significantly greater (P less than 0-001) than the corresponding rate in myotonic dystrophy (1-64+/-0-09). 2. No significant differences between myotonic dystrophy and controls in mean ouabain-insensitive Na efflux, mean ouabain-sensitive K influx, or mean ouabain-insensitive K influx were found. 3. The stoichiometric ratio (ouabain-sensitive Na efflux)/(ouabain-sensitive K influx) was determined for each flux experiment. The mean stoichiometric ratio determined in controls (1-46+/-0-08) reconfirms extensive previous evidence favouring a 3Na-for-2K active exchange in controls. 4. The mean stoichiometric ratio determined in myotonic dystrophy (1-01+/-0-06) is statistically significantly different (P less than 0-001) from that in controls. These findings are interpreted as indication of 2Na-for-2K exchange in erythrocytes from patients with myotonic dystrophy.
Animal Virus DNA Replication (1989)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Highly efficient RNA-guided genome editing in human cells via delivery of purified Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (2014)

RNA-guided engineered nucleases (RGENs) derived from the prokaryotic adaptive immune system known as CRISPR (clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat)/Cas (CRISPR-associated) enable genome editing in human cell lines, animals, and plants, but are limited by off-target effects and unwanted integration of DNA segments derived from plasmids encoding Cas9 and guide RNA at both on-target and off-target sites in the genome. Here, we deliver purified recombinant Cas9 protein and guide RNA into cultured human cells including hard-to-transfect fibroblasts and pluripotent stem cells. RGEN ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) induce site-specific mutations at frequencies of up to 79%, while reducing off-target mutations associated with plasmid transfection at off-target sites that differ by one or two nucleotides from on-target sites. RGEN RNPs cleave chromosomal DNA almost immediately after delivery and are degraded rapidly in cells, reducing off-target effects. Furthermore, RNP delivery is less stressful to human embryonic stem cells, producing at least twofold more colonies than does plasmid transfection.
Correlation of fibrosis and transforming growth factor-beta type 2 levels in the eye. (1989)

Approximately 1 out of every 10 eyes undergoing surgery for retinal detachment develops excessive intraocular fibrosis that can lead to traction retinal detachment and ultimate blindness. This disease process has been termed proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). The ability to monitor and grade this fibrotic response accurately within the eye as well as the ability to aspirate vitreous cavity fluid bathing the fibrotic tissue makes this an ideal setting in which to investigate the development of fibrosis. Although laboratory studies have recently shown that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) can enhance fibrosis, little clinical evidence is yet available correlating the level of this or other growth factors with the degree of fibrosis in a clinical setting. We have found that vitreous aspirates from eyes with intraocular fibrosis associated with PVR have more than three times the amount of TGF-beta (1,200 +/- 300 pM [SEM]) found in eyes with uncomplicated retinal detachments without intraocular fibrosis (360 +/- 91 pM [SEM]). Using an in vitro assay, 84-100% of the TGF-beta activity could be blocked with specific antibodies against TGF-beta 2, whereas only 10-21% could be blocked by specific antibodies against TGF-beta 1. TGF-beta 1 was used in an animal model of traction retinal detachment. Since beta 1 and beta 2 have essentially identical biologic effects and only human beta 1 was available in quantities required, beta 1 was chosen for these in vivo studies. The injection of TGF-beta1 plus fibronectin (FN) but not TGF-beta1 alone into the vitreous cavity of rabbits resulted in the increased formation of intraocular fibrosis and traction retinal detachments as compared to control eyes. In previous studies, intravitreal FN levels were also found to be elevated in eyes with intraocular fibrosis.