gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ligand specificity and heparin dependence of fibroblast growth factor receptors 1 and 3. (1992)

The heparin-binding growth factors include a family of seven structurally related proteins that can potentially interact with four known high affinity receptors. We have cloned the murine homologues of fibroblast growth factor receptors 1 and 3 (mFR1 and mFR3). To define the ligand specificity of these receptors, we have characterized their binding properties with respect to acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors (aFGF and bFGF, respectively) and their biologic activity with respect to aFGF, bFGF, FGF-4/K-FGF, and FGF-5. Unlike mFR1, which binds both aFGF and bFGF, mFR3 preferentially binds aFGF. mFR3-mediated mitogenicity also favors aFGF and FGF-4 with a 10-12-fold lower response to bFGF and no response to FGF-5. Both receptor binding and growth factor-mediated mitogenicity are dependent on heparin. Heparin-binding growth factor activity can thus be regulated by proteoglycans and by the type of FGF receptor expressed on the target cell.
Manfred A. Hollinger, PhD (2007)

American Journal of Therapeutics: September 2007 - Volume 14 - Issue 5 - p 420 doi: 10.1097/MJT.0b013e3181570d72
Trust and Recall of Information across Varying Degrees of Title-Visualization Misalignment (2019)

Visualizations are emerging as a means of spreading digital misinformation. Prior work has shown that visualization interpretation can be manipulated through slanted titles that favor only one side of the visual story, yet people still think the visualization is impartial. In this work, we study whether such effects continue to exist when titles and visualizations exhibit greater degrees of misalignment: titles whose message differs from the visually cued message in the visualization, and titles whose message contradicts the visualization. We found that although titles with a contradictory slant triggered more people to identify bias compared to titles with a miscued slant, visualizations were persistently perceived as impartial by the majority. Further, people's recall of the visualization's message more frequently aligned with the titles than the visualization. Based on these results, we discuss the potential of leveraging textual components to detect and combat visual-based misinformation with text-based slants.
Efficient laser operation with nearly diffraction-limited output from a diode-pumped heavily Nd-doped multimode fiber (1996)

Laser performance of a diode-pumped Nd-doped multimode phosphate-glass fiber is reported. The selection of the fundamental mode in a multimode fiber is demonstrated, resulting in laser emission that is close to diffraction limited and that is nearly independent of the pump power. The heavily Nd-doped fibers with core diameters of 100 microm and lengths between 13 and 32 mm deliver as much as 130 mW of cw output power at 1.053 microm. A total efficiency of 31% with respect to launched pump power has been achieved.
Inducible ablation of adipocytes in adult transgenic mice expressing the E. coli nitroreductase gene (2002)

We describe the use of an enzyme prodrug system based on E. coli nitroreductase (NTR) to achieve the specific ablation of adipose tissue. Transgenic mice expressing the NTR gene specifically in the adipose tissue were generated using the adipocyte specific promoter aP2. After treatment with the prodrug CB1954 these mice showed extensive cell depletion in all fat depots; this was directly correlated to both the dose of prodrug and the levels of NTR expression. Higher doses of CB1954 resulted in complete disappearance of visible adipose stores in some transgenic mice. These mice exhibited an impaired ability to thermoregulate body temperature. Lower doses of CB1954 resulted in a partial reduction of the adipose tissue leaving non-expressing cells that escape ablation. These animals show normal levels of blood glucose and triglycerides but have reduced leptin levels. After 30 days they were able to regenerate the fat depots and leptin levels returned to normal but, interestingly, no NTR-expressing cells were detectable. The present model provides a new approach to manipulate the number of adipocytes at different stages of mouse development and provides a new system for the study of fat metabolism especially in abnormal conditions such as obesity and its modulation through manipulation of the target cell population.
Observations on the Effect of a Folic-Acid Antagonist on Transplantable Lymphoid Leukemias in Mice<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"><sup>2</sup></xref> (1949)

Journal Article Observations on the Effect of a Folic-Acid Antagonist on Transplantable Lymphoid Leukemias in Mice Get access L. W. Law, L. W. Law National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Thelma B. Dunn, Thelma B. Dunn National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Peter J. Boyle, Peter J. Boyle National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. H. Miller J. H. Miller National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 10, Issue 1, August 1949, Pages 179–192, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/10.1.179 Published: 01 August 1949 Article history Received: 02 June 1949 Published: 01 August 1949
Geometrically and Conformationally Restrained Cinnamoyl Compounds as Inhibitors of HIV-1 Integrase:  Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Modeling (1998)

Various cinnammoyl-based structures were synthesized and tested in enzyme assays as inhibitors of the HIV-1 integrase (IN). The majority of compounds were designed as geometrically or conformationally constrained analogues of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and were characterized by a syn disposition of the carbonyl group with respect to the vinylic double bond. Since the cinnamoyl moiety present in flavones such as quercetin (inactive on HIV-1-infected cells) is frozen in an anti arrangement, it was hoped that fixing our compounds in a syn disposition could favor anti-HIV-1 activity in cell-based assays. Geometrical and conformational properties of the designed compounds were taken into account through analysis of X-ray structures available from the Cambridge Structural Database. The polyhydroxylated analogues were prepared by reacting 3,4-bis(tetrahydropyran-2-yloxy)benzaldehyde with various compounds having active methylene groups such as 2-propanone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, 1,3-diacetylbenzene, 2, 4-dihydroxyacetophenone, 2,3-dihydro-1-indanone, 2,3-dihydro-1, 3-indandione, and others. While active against both 3'-processing and strand-transfer reactions, the new compounds, curcumin included, failed to inhibit the HIV-1 multiplication in acutely infected MT-4 cells. Nevertheless, they specifically inhibited the enzymatic reactions associated with IN, being totally inactive against other viral (HIV-1 reverse transcriptase) and cellular (RNA polymerase II) nucleic acid-processing enzymes. On the other hand, title compounds were endowed with remarkable antiproliferative activity, whose potency correlated neither with the presence of catechols (possible source of reactive quinones) nor with inhibition of topoisomerases. The SARs developed for our compounds led to novel findings concerning the molecular determinants of IN inhibitory activity within the class of cinnamoyl-based structures. We hypothesize that these compounds bind to IN featuring the cinnamoyl residue C=C-C=O in a syn disposition, differently from flavone derivatives characterized by an anti arrangement about the same fragment. Certain inhibitors, lacking one of the two pharmacophoric catechol hydroxyls, retain moderate potency thanks to nonpharmacophoric fragments (i.e., a m-methoxy group in curcumin) which favorably interact with an "accessory" region of IN. This region is supposed to be located adjacent to the binding site accommodating the pharmacophoric dihydroxycinnamoyl moiety. Disruption of coplanarity in the inhibitor structure abolishes activity owing to poor shape complementarity with the target or an exceedingly high strain energy of the coplanar conformation.
IL-17, Produced by Lymphocytes and Neutrophils, Is Necessary for Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Airway Neutrophilia: IL-15 as a Possible Trigger (2003)

IL-17 is a cytokine implicated in the regulation of inflammation. We investigated the role of this cytokine in neutrophil recruitment using a model of LPS-induced lung inflammation in mice. In the bronchoalveolar lavage, LPS induced a first influx of neutrophils peaking at day 1, followed by a second wave, peaking at day 2. IL-17 levels were increased during the late phase neutrophilia (day 2), and this was concomitant with an increased number of T cells and macrophages, together with an increase of KC and macrophage-inflammatory protein-2 levels in the lung tissue. Intranasal treatment with a neutralizing murine anti-IL-17 Ab inhibited the late phase neutrophilia. In the bronchoalveolar lavage cells, IL-17 mRNA was detected at days 1, 2, and 3 postchallenge, with a strong expression at day 2. This expression was associated with CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells, but also with neutrophils. When challenged with LPS, despite the absence of T cells, SCID mice also developed a neutrophilic response associated with IL-17 production. In BALB/c mice, IL-15 mRNA, associated mainly with neutrophils, was evidenced 1 day after LPS challenge. In vitro, IL-15 was able to induce IL-17 release from purified spleen CD4(+) cells, but not spleen CD8(+) or airway neutrophils. We have shown that IL-17, produced mainly by CD4(+) cells, but also by neutrophils, plays a role in the mobilization of lung neutrophils following bacterial challenge. In addition, our results suggest that IL-15 could represent a physiological trigger that leads to IL-17 production following bacterial infection.
Artificial mutants generated by the insertion of random oligonucleotides into the putative nucleoside binding site of the HSV-1 thymidine kinase gene (1991)

We have obtained 42 active artificial mutants of HSV-1 thymidine kinase (ATP:thymidine 5'-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.21) by replacing codons 166 and 167 with random nucleotide sequences. Codons 166 and 167 are within the putative nucleoside binding site in the HSV-1 tk gene. The spectrum of active mutations indicates that neither Ile166 nor Ala167 is absolutely required for thymidine kinase activity. Each of these amino acids can be replaced by some but not all of the 19 other amino acids. The active mutants can be classified as high activity or low activity on two bases: (1) growth of Escherichia coli KY895 (a strain lacking thymidine kinase activity) in the presence of thymidine and (2) uptake of thymidine by this strain, when harboring plasmids with the random insertions. E. coli KY895 harboring high-activity plasmids or wild-type plasmids can grow in the presence of low amounts of thymidine (less than 1 microgram/mL), but are unable to grow in the presence of high amounts of thymidine. On the other hand, E. coli KY895 harboring low-activity plasmids can grow at a high concentration of thymidine (greater than 50 microgram/mL) in the media. The high-activity plasmids also have an enhanced [3H]dT uptake. The amounts of thymidine kinase activity in vitro in unfractionated extracts do not correlate with either growth at low thymidine concentration or the rate of thymidine uptake. Heat inactivation studies indicate that the mutant enzymes are without exception more temperature-sensitive than the wild-type enzyme.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
In vivo knockdown of gene expression in brain cancer with intravenous RNAi in adult rats (2003)

In vivo RNAi is enabled with a new form of gene delivery system that encapsulates expression plasmids in PILs, which are targeted to distant sites based on the specificity of a receptor-specific monoclonal antibody. The combined application of the PIL gene delivery system and RNAi expression plasmids enables gene silencing in remote sites such as brain cancer in mammals after intravenous administration.
Association Between CYP2C9 Genetic Variants and Anticoagulation-Related Outcomes During Warfarin Therapy (2002)

The results of our study suggest that the CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk of overanticoagulation and of bleeding events among patients in a warfarin anticoagulation clinic setting, although small numbers in some cases would suggest the need for caution in interpretation. Screening for CYP2C9 variants may allow clinicians to develop dosing protocols and surveillance techniques to reduce the risk of adverse drug reactions in patients receiving warfarin.
Comparison of the genome sequence of FP9, an attenuated, tissue culture-adapted European strain of Fowlpox virus, with those of virulent American and European viruses (2004)

The 266 kbp genome sequence of plaque-purified, tissue culture-adapted, attenuated European Fowlpox virus FP9 has been determined and compared with the 288 kbp sequence of a pathogenic US strain (FPVUS). FP9 carries 244 of the 260 reported FPVUS ORFs (both viruses also have an unreported orthologue of conserved poxvirus gene A14.5L). Relative to FPVUS, FP9 differed by 118 mutations (26 deletions, 15 insertions and 77 base substitutions), affecting FP9 equivalents of 71 FPVUS ORFs. To help to identify mutations involved in adaptation and attenuation, the virulent parent of FP9, HP1, was sequenced at positions where FP9 differed from FPVUS. At 68 positions, FP9 and HP1 sequences were identical, reflecting differences between American and European lineages. Mutations at the remaining 50 positions in FP9 relative to FPVUS and HP1, involving 46 ORFs, therefore accounted for adaptation and attenuation. ORFs deleted during passage included those encoding members of multigene families: 12 ankyrin repeat proteins, three C-type lectin-like proteins, two C4L/C10L-like proteins, one G-protein coupled receptor protein, one V-type Ig domain protein, two N1R/p28 proteins and one EFc family protein. Tandem ORFs encoding Variola virus B22R orthologues were fused by a 5.8 kbp deletion. Single-copy genes disrupted or deleted during passage included those encoding a homologue of murine T10, a conserved DNA/pantothenate metabolism flavoprotein, photolyase, the A-type inclusion protein and an orthologue of vaccinia A47L. Gene assignments have been updated for DNase II/DLAD, binding proteins for IL-18 and interferon-gamma, phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPX/GPX-4) and for a highly conserved homologue of ELOVL4.
Magnetically Actuated Protease Sensors for in Vivo Tumor Profiling (2016)

Targeted cancer therapies require a precise determination of the underlying biological processes driving tumorigenesis within the complex tumor microenvironment. Therefore, new diagnostic tools that capture the molecular activity at the disease site in vivo are needed to better understand tumor behavior and ultimately maximize therapeutic responses. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) drive multiple aspects of tumorigenesis, and their activity can be monitored using engineered peptide substrates as protease-specific probes. To identify tumor specific activity profiles, local sampling of the tumor microenvironment is necessary, such as through remote control of probes, which are only activated at the tumor site. Alternating magnetic fields (AMFs) provide an attractive option to remotely apply local triggering signals because they penetrate deep into the body and are not likely to interfere with biological processes due to the weak magnetic properties of tissue. Here, we report the design and evaluation of a protease-activity nanosensor that can be remotely activated at the site of disease via an AMF at 515 kHz and 15 kA/m. Our nanosensor was composed of thermosensitive liposomes containing functionalized protease substrates that were unveiled at the target site by remotely triggered heat dissipation of coencapsulated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). This nanosensor was combined with a unique detection assay to quantify the amount of cleaved substrates in the urine. We applied this spatiotemporally controlled system to determine tumor protease activity in vivo and identified differences in substrate cleavage profiles between two mouse models of human colorectal cancer.
Electron Spin Resonance Experiments on Donors in Silicon. III. Investigation of Excited States by the Application of Uniaxial Stress and Their Importance in Relaxation Processes (1961)

The excited states of the antimony, phosphorus, and arsenic impurities in silicon have been investigated by subjecting samples to a uniaxial stress and observing the change in the electron spin resonance spectrum. The experiments were performed at 1.25\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and \ensuremath{\sim}9000 Mc/sec on silicon samples subjected to strains up to ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. From the reduction in the hyperfine splitting and the observed $g$ anisotropy under strain the following results were deduced: For a deformation potential of 11 ev, the valley-orbit splitting (i.e., singlet-doublet spacing) for phosphorus was found to be 0.015 ev, for arsenic 0.023 ev, and for antimony 0.013 ev. For the difference in $g$ values with $H$ parallel (${g}_{\mathrm{II}}$) and $H$ perpendicular (${g}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$) to the valley axis we obtained for phosphorus-doped silicon, ${g}_{\mathrm{II}}\ensuremath{-}{g}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}=(1.04\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$.The observed $g$ shifts with strains along different crystallographic directions revealed the presence of two distinct spin-lattice relaxation (${T}_{s}$) mechanisms. These were verified and compared with the theory of Roth and Hasegawa. The effect of applied strains on the mutual electron-nuclear spin flip rate (${T}_{x}$) has been demonstrated. The importance of strain experiments in unravelling relaxation mechanisms is discussed.
Mechanism of formation of two-dimensional crystals from latex particles on substrates (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of formation of two-dimensional crystals from latex particles on substratesN. Denkov, O. Velev, P. Kralchevski, I. Ivanov, H. Yoshimura, and K. NagayamaCite this: Langmuir 1992, 8, 12, 3183–3190Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00048a054https://doi.org/10.1021/la00048a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views8543Altmetric-Citations1010LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Microbial Reduction of Benzoate to Benzyl Alcohol (1988)

Microbial Reduction of Benzoate to Benzyl Alcohol Get access Nobuo Kato, Nobuo Kato Department of Environmental Chemistry and Technology, Tottori University, Tottori 680, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hisatoshi Konishi, Hisatoshi Konishi Department of Environmental Chemistry and Technology, Tottori University, Tottori 680, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kenji Uda, Kenji Uda Department of Environmental Chemistry and Technology, Tottori University, Tottori 680, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Masayuki Shimao, Masayuki Shimao Department of Environmental Chemistry and Technology, Tottori University, Tottori 680, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Chikahiro Sakazawa Chikahiro Sakazawa Department of Environmental Chemistry and Technology, Tottori University, Tottori 680, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 52, Issue 7, 1 July 1988, Pages 1885–1886, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1988.10868949 Published: 01 July 1988 Article history Received: 07 April 1988 Published: 01 July 1988
Capillary Force Lithography: Large-Area Patterning, Self-Organization, and Anisotropic Dewetting (2002)

This article gives an overview on a new lithographic technique called capillary force lithography for large-area patterning. The technique simply involves placing a polydimethylsiloxane mold on a polymer film, which is then heated above the glass-transition temperature of the polymer. Various useful microstructures can be obtained by sequential applications of the technique through self-organization. Dewetting, which can be observed in capillary force lithography for relatively thin films, is also described as a new pathway for realizing anisotropic dewetting.
On-chip matching Si-MMIC for mobile communication terminal application (1997)

Recent developments of BiCMOS Si-MMICs for wireless communication applications are reviewed. Among these MMIC's, on-chip matching Si-MMICs are suitable for use in compact transceivers. The use of coplanar waveguide (CPW) type spiral inductors is one of the solutions to achieve low loss matching circuits on a low resistive Si substrate used in standard BiCMOS process. An on-chip matching Si-MMIC front-end has been fabricated, in which CPW type spiral inductors are employed. The measured performance at 1.9 GHz with low d.c. power consumption shows the possibility of application to mobile handset terminals. In addition, the feasibility to implement the system on-chip concept is discussed by referring to an IF/PLL IC fabricated in the same process.