gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro pharmacodynamic effects of concentration, pH, and growth phase on serum bactericidal activities of daptomycin and vancomycin (1992)

Clinical trials with daptomycin were halted in December 1990 because of treatment failures including two resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. High protein binding of daptomycin (> 90%) and the lower-than-expected concentrations in serum with the dosage regimen of 3 mg/kg of body weight every 12 h may have contributed to these failures. To evaluate the effect that higher concentrations would have on bactericidal activity measured by time-kill curves, peak and trough concentrations were estimated for dosage regimens of 3, 5, and 10 mg/kg every 12 h. MICs, MBCs, and killing curves for daptomycin and vancomycin were performed by using the estimated concentrations with four S. aureus strains obtained from patients who failed daptomycin therapy for endocarditis. MICs and MBCs of daptomycin demonstrated a greater inoculum effect than those of vancomycin; MICs and MBCs of daptomycin increased three- to fourfold, but those of vancomycin increased only one- to twofold when the inoculum was increased from 5 x 10(5) to 5 x 10(7) CFU/ml. No pH-dependent effect on MICs or MBCs was seen. Strenuous experimental conditions were chosen: high inoculums (5 x 10(7) CFU/ml), extremes of pH (6.4, 7.4, and 8), and stationary and exponentially growing organisms; and all experiments completed in the presence of pooled human serum. Daptomycin exhibited concentration-dependent killing and statistically faster kill rates than vancomycin against stationary- or exponential-growth-phase organisms. A pH-dependent decrease in activity with daptomycin was also demonstrated. Daptomycin and vancomycin produced higher kill rates against exponentially growing organisms. A pH-dependent decrease in activity with daptomycin was also demonstrated. Daptomycin and vancomycin produced higher kill rates against exponentially growing organisms. The results indicate that the use of higher dosage regimens with compounds similar to daptomycin may be capable of overcoming the effects of pH, high inoculum, and protein binding.
The effects of hyper- and hypocarbia on intraparenchymal arterioles in rat brain slices (1997)

This investigation examined the direct effects of hyper- and hypocarbia on intracerebral resistance vessels within an intact neuronal synctium. Hippocampal rat brain slices were superfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF). Arterioles were located and diameter changes in response to alterations in aCSF carbon dioxide tension (pCO2) were monitored with videomicroscopy. Microvessels dose dependently dilated and constricted during hyper- and hypocarbia, respectively. A two-fold rise in pCO2 produced a 20% increase in diameter, while a 47% decrease in pCO2 vasoconstricted microvessels by 11%. This is the first model allowing the investigation of the direct actions of physiologic mediators on discrete intracerebral resistance vessels in situ. The results suggest that intracerebral microvessels significantly respond to changes in pCO2 and may be intimately involved in alterations in cerebral vascular resistance.
Pathogenetic mechanisms in usual interstitial pneumonia/idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2003)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, usually fatal, form of interstitial lung disease characterized by failure of alveolar re-epithelialization, persistence of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts, deposition of extracellular matrix, and distortion of lung architecture which ultimately results in respiratory failure. Clinical IPF is associated with a histopathological pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) on surgical lung biopsy. Therapy for this disease with glucocorticoids and other immunomodulatory agents is largely ineffective and recent trials of newer anti-fibrotic agents have been disappointing. While the inciting event(s) leading to the initiation of scar formation in UIP remain unknown, recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying both normal and aberrant wound healing have shed some light on pathogenetic mechanisms that may play significant roles in this disease. Unlike other fibrotic diseases of the lung, such as those associated with collagen vascular disease, occupational exposure, or chemotherapeutic agents, UIP is not associated with a significant inflammatory response; rather, dysregulated epithelial-mesenchymal interactions predominate. Identification of pathways crucial to fibrogenesis might offer potentially novel therapeutic targets to slow or halt the progression of IPF. This review focuses on evolving concepts of cellular and molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of UIP/IPF.
Making Patient Safety the Centerpiece of Medical Liability Reform (2006)

Interview with Richard Boothman on a medical-error disclosure program in Michigan. (08:28)Download We have visited doctors and hospitals throughout the country and heard firsthand from those who face ever-escalating insurance costs. Indeed, in some specialties, high premiums are forcing physicians to give up performing certain high-risk procedures, leaving patients without access to a full range of medical services. But we have also talked with families who have experienced errors in their care, and it has become clear to us that if we are to find a fair and equitable solution to this complex problem, all parties — physicians, hospitals, insurers, and patients — must work together. Instead of focusing on the few . . .
DNAM-1 Expression Marks an Alternative Program of NK Cell Maturation (2015)

Natural killer (NK) cells comprise a heterogeneous population of cells important for pathogen defense and cancer surveillance. However, the functional significance of this diversity is not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate through transcriptional profiling and functional studies that the activating receptor DNAM-1 (CD226) identifies two distinct NK cell functional subsets: DNAM-1(+) and DNAM-1(-) NK cells. DNAM-1(+) NK cells produce high levels of inflammatory cytokines, have enhanced interleukin 15 signaling, and proliferate vigorously. By contrast, DNAM-1(-) NK cells that differentiate from DNAM-1(+) NK cells have greater expression of NK-cell-receptor-related genes and are higher producers of MIP1 chemokines. Collectively, our data reveal the existence of a functional program of NK cell maturation marked by DNAM-1 expression.
Characterization of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli isolates (1999)

Forty enteraggregative Escherichia coli (EAggEC) previously characterized by their ability to adhere to HEp-2 cells or/and their hybridization with the 1-kb EAggEC DNA probe were investigated for the presence of adherence factors and heat-stable enterotoxin (EAST1)-encoding genes. Only 45% of the isolates harbored the EAST1-encoding genes as detected by polymerase chain reaction. None of them hybridized with an AAF/II-encoding gene specific DNA probe and 35% (14/40) were positive in a PCR assay using primers specific for aggC, an accessory gene of the AAF/I-encoding operon. Cloning and sequence analysis of the aggA variant from one isolate, EAggEC 457, revealed 68.9% identity between its deduced amino acid sequence and those of the aggA product from the AAF/I-producing reference strain, E. coli 17.2. No major protein subunit was detected at the surface of EAggEC 457 compared to the bacterial surface extract of E. coli 17.2.
Molecular Orientation in Langmuir Films of 12-Hydroxystearic Acid Studied by Infrared External-Reflection Spectroscopy (1998)

12-Hydroxystearic acid is known to exhibit a wide plateau region between 0.3 and 0.95 nm2/molecule in the π−A isotherm. In situ polarized FT-IR external-reflection spectra of Langmuir (L) films of 12-hydroxystearic acid on the water surface were recorded under various surface areas, and the molecular-orientation angles were quantitatively evaluated. At the final stage of the plateau region (0.4 nm2/molecule), the orientation angle of the hydrocarbon chain was about 55° from the surface normal. Upon monolayer compression, however, the angle decreased to about 28° in the solid-phase region. This change corresponds well to the result in Langmuir−Blodgett films that was reported earlier. In addition, it was elucidated that the hydrocarbon chain tended to become random during the surface pressure relaxation.
Fast separation of direct and global components of a scene using high frequency illumination (2006)

We present fast methods for separating the direct and global illumination components of a scene measured by a camera and illuminated by a light source. In theory, the separation can be done with just two images taken with a high frequency binary illumination pattern and its complement. In practice, a larger number of images are used to overcome the optical and resolution limitations of the camera and the source. The approach does not require the material properties of objects and media in the scene to be known. However, we require that the illumination frequency is high enough to adequately sample the global components received by scene points. We present separation results for scenes that include complex interreflections, subsurface scattering and volumetric scattering. Several variants of the separation approach are also described. When a sinusoidal illumination pattern is used with different phase shifts, the separation can be done using just three images. When the computed images are of lower resolution than the source and the camera, smoothness constraints are used to perform the separation using a single image. Finally, in the case of a static scene that is lit by a simple point source, such as the sun, a moving occluder and a video camera can be used to do the separation. We also show several simple examples of how novel images of a scene can be computed from the separation results.
Bone Morphogenetic Protein-15 Inhibits Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH) Action by Suppressing FSH Receptor Expression (2001)

We have recently reported that oocyte-derived bone morphogenetic protein-15 (BMP-15) can directly modulate follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) action in rat granulosa cells. Here, we investigate underlying mechanisms of this BMP-15 effect. Treatment with BMP-15 alone exerted no significant effect on the basal expression of mRNAs encoding steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, P450 side chain cleavage enzyme, P450 aromatase, 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, luteinization hormone receptor, and inhibin/activin subunits. However, BMP-15 markedly inhibited the FSH-induced increases in these messages. In striking contrast, BMP-15 did not change the forskolin-induced levels of these transcripts. Thus, the inhibitory effect of BMP-15 on FSH action must be upstream of cAMP signaling. We next examined changes in FSH receptor mRNA expression. Interestingly, BMP-15 severely reduced the levels of FSH receptor mRNA in both basal and FSH-stimulated cells. To determine whether this effect was at the level of FSH function, we investigated the effect of BMP-15 on FSH bioactivity. Consistent with the mRNA data, BMP-15 inhibited the biological response of FSH, but not that of forskolin. Based on these results, we propose that BMP-15 is an important determinant of FSH action through its ability to inhibit FSH receptor expression. Because FSH plays an essential role in follicle growth and development, our findings could have new implications for understanding how oocyte growth factors contribute to folliculogenesis.
Analysis and design of OFDM/OQAM systems based on filterbank theory (2002)

A discrete-time analysis of the orthogonal frequency division multiplex/offset QAM (OFDM/OQAM) multicarrier modulation technique, leading to a modulated transmultiplexer, is presented. The conditions of discrete orthogonality are established with respect to the polyphase components of the OFDM/OQAM prototype filter, which is assumed to be symmetrical and with arbitrary length. Fast implementation schemes of the OFDM/OQAM modulator and demodulator are provided, which are based on the inverse fast Fourier transform. Non-orthogonal prototypes create intersymbol and interchannel interferences (ISI and ICI) that, in the case of a distortion-free transmission, are expressed by a closed-form expression. A large set of design examples is presented for OFDM/OQAM systems with the number of subcarriers going from four up to 2048, which also allows a comparison between different approaches to get well-localized prototypes.
Size distribution and general structural features of N‐linked oligosaccharides from the methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris (1989)

The secreted glycoproteins of Pichia pastoris contain more than 35% of their N-linked oligosaccharides as structures smaller than Man14GlcNAc2 (Man = mannose; GlcNAc = N-acetylglucosamine). On heterologous invertase produced in P. pastoris, approximately 85% of the oligosaccharides are in the size range Man8-14GlcNAc2. The structures appear to contain alpha-linked mannose. In addition, one-third of the structures contain net negative charge and can be radio-labelled in vivo with 32P. The largest oligosaccharides isolated from P. pastoris are significantly shorter than the hypermannosylated structures typical of S. cerevisiae, indicating that the factors which influence the processing of N-linked oligosaccharides in P. pastoris are different from those which influence processing in S. cerevisiae. The smaller N-linked oligosaccharides synthesized by P. pastoris resemble high-mannose oligosaccharides synthesized by animal cells, and this finding increases the utility of P. pastoris as a host for the production of heterologous glycoproteins.
Autoantibodies to neurofibrillary tangles and brain tissue in Alzheimer's disease. Establishment of Epstein-Barr virus-transformed antibody-producing cell lines. (1987)

Multiple EBV-transformed B cell lines were established from five patients with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and six age-matched controls. The supernatants were screened for antibody activity against SDS-treated isolated neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). Reactive supernatants were identified from both the AD and control group. The frequencies of anti-NFT antibody-secreting lines were 6.3 and 1.6% for the AD and the control groups, respectively. A proportion of these supernatants also stained NFT in situ and neurons and/or glia in sections of the frontal and the temporal cortexes of autopsied AD and normal brains, as well as cells from three cell lines (HeLa, fibroblast, and neuroblastoma). Several patterns of staining were revealed by these supernatants, indicating different reactive antigens. One supernatant stained NFT and astrocytes in sections from AD brains. It did not stain sections from two normal brains. This cell line is the result of the immortalization of a circulating B cell making antibody specific for an antigen in AD. The present approach may provide new insights in the pathogenesis of AD.
Circulating Tumor Cells: Liquid Biopsy of Cancer (2012)

A considerable number of promising CTC-detection techniques have been developed in recent years. The analytical specificity and clinical utility of these methods must be demonstrated in large prospective multicenter studies to reach the high level of evidence required for their introduction into clinical practice.
ChemInform Abstract: SKATTEBOL TYPE REARRANGEMENT VIA α‐BROMOTRIMETHYLSTANNYLCYCLOPROPANE THERMOLYSIS. WHAT IS THE MECHANISM? (1985)

Abstract Die Thermolyse der Isomeren (I) wird untersucht.
On the Mechanism of Thrombocytopenic Purpura in Sexually Active Homosexual Men (1984)

Thrombocytopenic purpura has recently been noted in sexually active homosexual men. To elucidate the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenic purpura in this population, we compared the disorder in 33 homosexual men with that in 23 patients (15 women and 8 men) thought to have classic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. The homosexual group had 3.8-fold higher levels of platelet-bound IgG and 4.2-fold higher levels of platelet-bound complement than the patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. Eluates from the platelets of only 1 of 10 homosexual patients reacted in vitro with normal platelets, as compared with those from the platelets of 12 of 15 patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. Twenty-one of 24 homosexual patients (88 per cent) had elevated serum levels of immune complexes that were capable of binding to platelets, whereas none of 5 patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura had circulating immune complexes. The IgG fraction of positive serum samples from three homosexual patients did not bind to normal platelets, whereas that from the positive serum of two patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura and one woman in whom isoimmune antiplatelet antibody developed during pregnancy (studied as a positive control) did bind to normal platelets. We conclude that, whereas classic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura involves antiplatelet IgG directed against platelet antigenic determinants, the thrombocytopenic purpura that occurs in sexually active homosexual men is usually caused not by antiplatelet IgG but probably by the nonspecific deposition of complement and immune complexes on platelets.
Nanotube Radio (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition & Corre...Addition & CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionNanotube RadioK. Jensen, J. Weldon, H. Garcia, and A. ZettlCite this: Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 1, 374Publication Date (Web):December 11, 2007Publication History Published online11 December 2007Published inissue 1 January 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/nl073089ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/nl073089gcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1145Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (3 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Energy,Materials,Nanoscience,Nanotubes,Transmission electron microscopy Get e-Alerts
A new route of water soluble porphyrins: phosphonium and ammonium type cationic porphyrins and self-assembly (1996)

From a precursor porphyrin, tetrakis(p-chloromethylphenyl) porphyrin, the novel phosphoniumyl and ammoniumyl cationic porphyrins are synthesized, and the unusual spontaneous assembly for the two cationic porphyrins is discussed.
Effects of Fluid Shear Stress on Gene Regulation of Vascular Cells (1997)

Hemodynamic forces such as fluid shear stress play an active role in many physiological and pathophysiological processes of the cardiovascular system. Shear stress resulting from blood flow and transmural plasma flux alters the function of vascular cell (primarily endothelial cells), leading to both rapid and slower adaptive tissue responses. Transmission of the shear stress signal throughout the vascular cell involves a complex interplay between cytoskeletal and biochemical elements and results in changes in structure, metabolism, and gene expression. Herein we review current knowledge on flow-induced mechanotransduction in the vascular endothelial cell and the molecular mechanisms believed responsible for shear-induced endothelial and smooth muscle cell gene regulation with an emphasis on signal transduction.
Evolution of Castalagin and Vescalagin in Ethanol Solutions. Identification of New Derivatives (1999)

Brandies, cognac, armagnac, whiskeys, and rums are aged in oak barrels to improve their organoleptic properties. During this period, numerous compounds such as ellagitannins are extracted from the wood and can subsequently be transformed into new derivatives by chemical reactions. Model solutions of castalagin and vescalagin have been studied to determine the behavior of polyphenols in ethanol-water. Upon prolonged exposure to 40 and 70% (v/v) ethanol at room temperature, hemiketal derivatives containing ethoxy groups have been characterized by LC/MS and NMR. These compounds further evolve to afford the corresponding ketals. They have also been detected in the extracts of oak wood stored under similar conditions.
Dietary intake assessment using integrated sensors and software (2012)

The area of dietary assessment is becoming increasingly important as obesity rates soar, but valid measurement of the food intake in free-living persons is extraordinarily challenging. Traditional paper-based dietary assessment methods have limitations due to bias, user burden and cost, and therefore improved methods are needed to address important hypotheses related to diet and health. In this paper, we will describe the progress of our mobile Diet Data Recorder System (DDRS), where an electronic device is used for objective measurement on dietary intake in real time and at moderate cost. The DDRS consists of (1) a mobile device that integrates a smartphone and an integrated laser package, (2) software on the smartphone for data collection and laser control, (3) an algorithm to process acquired data for food volume estimation, which is the largest source of error in calculating dietary intake, and (4) database and interface for data storage and management. The estimated food volume, together with direct entries of food questionnaires and voice recordings, could provide dietitians and nutritional epidemiologists with more complete food description and more accurate food portion sizes. In this paper, we will describe the system design of DDRS and initial results of dietary assessment.
The Reversal of an Adriamycin® Induced Healing Impairment with Chemoattractants and Growth Factors (1986)

Rats treated with 8 mg/kg Adriamycin intravenously 4 days prior to chamber implantation develop impaired wound healing in a wound chamber model. In this study, the effects on healing of supplemental platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and insulin were evaluated in chambers extracted from Adriamycin-treated rats 10 and 20 days after implantation. The effects of individual factors, combinations of factors, and different concentrations of TGF-beta were evaluated. The parameters evaluated included collagen content, protein content, cellular proliferation rate, chamber histology, and collagen types. Supplemental TGF-beta alone reversed much of the healing deficit noted. A minimum concentration of 100 ng/ml TGF-beta was required to significantly reverse this deficit. PDGF and EGF alone had no effect. Addition of PDGF and TGF-beta in combination stimulated a significantly higher level of collagen deposit than TGF-beta alone. Addition of EGF in combination with PDGF and TGF-beta restored collagen deposition to 86% of normal. No synergism was seen between TGF-beta and EGF unless PDGF was also present. These data suggest that growth factors contained in platelets may play key roles in initiating the wound healing response and may have clinical utility in healing deficit states.