gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Binuclear complexes of ruthenium ammines (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBinuclear complexes of ruthenium amminesCarol. Creutz and H. TaubeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 4, 1086–1094Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00785a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00785a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2154Altmetric-Citations600LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mathematical Models of Picosecond Laser Keratomileusis for High Myopia (2000)

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: Picosecond laser keratomileusis (PLK) is a refractive surgical procedure in which an intrastromal lenticle is created using the NdrYLF picosecond laser and removed by lifting the anterior flap in the cornea. The purpose of this study was to assess the predictability of picosecond laser keratomileusis for high myopia. METHODS: The results from a recent clinical series of non-sighted patients who had undergone picosecond laser keratomileusis with the NdrYLF picosecond laser were retrospectively simulated with two mathematical models. In one model, the change in corneal curvature resulting from the collapse of a lenticular intrastromal cavity was predicted from a geometric analysis. A second model was developed using the finite element method. The results of both predictive models were compared to the clinical results at 1 and 6 months following surgery. RESULTS: An average -13.30 D of flattening (range, -6.80 to -20.50 D) was measured at 6 months. The geometric model predicted an average correction of -23.10 D (range, -18.00 to -34.00 D), whereas the finite element model predicted an average curvature change of -17.40 D (range, -14.50 to -22.50 D). An average decrease in central pachymetry of 91 µm was measured at 6 months, as compared to a predicted decrease in thickness of 112 µm. CONCLUSIONS: The outcome of picosecond laser keratomileusis for high myopia predicted using a finite element based model shows greater change in the corneal curvature and corneal thickness compared to clinical results. The relatively thick lenticules that are removed for high myopia cause considerable deformational changes in the cornea, which preclude the use of a purely geometric/optical approach for predicting the resultant corneal curvature changes. [J Refract Surg 2000,16:155-162]
Hydroxyapatite Surface-Induced Peptide Folding (2007)

Herein, we describe the design and surface-binding characterization of a de novo designed peptide, JAK1, which undergoes surface-induced folding at the hydroxyapatite (HA)-solution interface. JAK1 is designed to be unstructured in buffered saline solution, yet undergo HA-induced folding that is largely governed by the periodic positioning of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) residues within the primary sequence of the peptide. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and analytical ultracentrifugation indicate that the peptide remains unfolded and monomeric in solution under normal physiological conditions; however, CD spectroscopy indicates that in the presence of hydroxyapatite, the peptide avidly binds to the mineral surface adopting a helical structure. Adsorption isotherms indicate nearly quantitative surface coverage and Kd = 310 nM for the peptide-surface binding event. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) coupled with the adsorption isotherm data suggests that JAK1 binds to HA, forming a self-limiting monolayer. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using HA surfaces to trigger the intramolecular folding of designed peptides and represents the initial stages of defining the design rules that allow HA-induced peptide folding.
Peptide-Mediated Gene Delivery:  Influence of Peptide Structure on Gene Expression (1997)

Cationic peptides possessing a single cysteine, tryptophan, and lysine repeat were synthesized to define the minimal peptide length needed to mediate transient gene expression in mammalian cells. The N-terminal cysteine in each peptide was either alkylated or oxidatively dimerized to produce peptides possessing lysine chains of 3, 6, 8, 13, 16, 18, 26, and 36 residues. Each synthetic peptide was studied for its ability to condense plasmid DNA and compared to polylysine19 and cationic lipids to establish relative in vitro gene transfer efficiency in HepG2 and COS7 cells. Peptides with lysine repeats of 13 or more bound DNA tightly and produced condensates that decreased in mean diameter from 231 to 53 nm as lysine chain length increased. In contrast, peptides possessing 8 or fewer lysine residues were similar to polylysine19, which bound DNA weakly and produced large (0.7-3 microns) DNA condensates. The luciferase expression was elevated 1000-fold after HepG2 cells were transfected with DNA condensates prepared with alkylated Cys-Trp-Lys18 (AlkCWK18) versus polylysine19. The gene transfer efficiencies of AlkCWK18 and cationic lipids were equivalent in HepG2 cells but different by 10-fold in COS 7 cells. A 40-fold reduction in particle size and a 1000-fold amplification in transfection efficiency for AlkCWK18 DNA condensates relative to polylysine19 DNA condensates suggest a contribution from tryptophan that leads to enhanced gene transfer properties for AlkCWK18. Tryptophan-containing cationic peptides result in the formation of small DNA condensates that mediate efficient nonspecific gene transfer in mammalian cells. Due to their low toxicity, these peptides may find utility as carriers for nonspecific gene delivery or may be developed further as low molecular weight DNA condensing agents used in targeted gene delivery systems.
Bcl-2 family members: Dual regulators of apoptosis and autophagy (2008)

The essential autophagy protein and haplo-insufficient tumor suppressor, Beclin 1, interacts with several cofactors (Ambra1, Bif-1, UVRAG) to activate the lipid kinase Vps34, thereby inducing autophagy. In normal conditions, Beclin 1 is bound to and inhibited by Bcl-2 or the Bcl-2 homolog Bcl-X(L). This interaction involves a Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3) domain in Beclin 1 and the BH3 binding groove of Bcl-2/Bcl-X(L). Other proteins containing BH3 domains, called BH3-only proteins, can competitively disrupt the interaction between Beclin 1 and Bcl-2/Bcl-X(L) to induce autophagy. Nutrient starvation, which is a potent physiologic inducer of autophagy, can stimulate the dissociation of Beclin 1 from its inhibitors, either by activating BH3-only proteins (such as Bad) or by posttranslational modifications of Bcl-2 (such as phosphorylation) that may reduce its affinity for Beclin 1 and BH3-only proteins. Thus, anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members and pro-apoptotic BH3-only proteins may participate in the inhibition and induction of autophagy, respectively. This hitherto neglected crosstalk between the core machineries regulating autophagy and apoptosis may redefine the role of Bcl-2 family proteins in oncogenesis and tumor progression.
US Adverse Drug Reaction Surveillance 1989-1994 (1996)

Adverse drug reaction surveillance conducted by the US Federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is important for detecting new safety information about pharmaceuticals. FDA has sought to stimulate reporting of reactions by practitioners and manufacturers. Over the five years from 1989 to 1993, reporting more than doubled and a total of 421,491 reports were received. This trend continued in 1994. The origin, type of reaction and drug are presented. Most reports are made by health professionals through pharmaceutical manufacturers. About 5% of such reports involve serious reactions to new drugs. Uses and limitations of ADR surveillance are briefly discussed.
New boron based salts for lithium-ion batteries using conjugated ligands (2016)

A new anion design concept, based on combining a boron atom as the central atom and conjugated systems as ligands, is presented as a route for finding alternative Li-salts for lithium-ion batteries. The properties of a wide range of novel anions designed in this way have been evaluated by DFT calculations focusing on three different fundamental success factors/measures: the strength of the cation-anion interaction, ultimately determining both the solubility and the ionic conductivity, the oxidation limit, determining their possible use vs. high voltage cathodes, and the reduction stability, revealing a possible role of the anion in the SEI-formation at the anode. For a few anions superior properties vs. today's existing or suggested anions are predicted, especially the very low cation-anion interaction strengths are promising features. The design route itself is shown to be versatile in determining the correlation between different choices of ligands and the resulting overall properties - where the most striking feature is the decreased lithium cation interaction energy upon using the (1Z,3Z)-buta-1,3-diene-1,2,3,4-tetracarbonitrile ligands. This also opens avenues for the further design of novel anions beyond those with a boron central atom.
Comparative in-vitro activity of quinupristin/dalfopristin against Enterococcus spp (1997)

The in-vitro activity of quinupristin/dalfopristin against Enterococcus spp. was compared with that of amoxycillin, vancomycin, telcoplanin and erythromycin. The susceptibility of 106 vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus faecalis, 92 vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus faecium and 14 vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) was tested. Only one strain of vancomycin-susceptible E. faecium was not susceptible to < or = 0.5 mg/L quinupristin/dalfopristin; this strain required 4 mg/L. All strains of E. faecalis were inhibited by < or = 8 mg/L quinupristin/dalfopristin and all VRE strains were inhibited by < or = 2 mg/L. In contrast, teicoplanin and vancomycin showed inhibitory activity against E. faecalis and E. faecium but not against VRE. Amoxycillin was active against E. faecalis but not usually against E. faecium and showed variable activity against VRE; 38% of E. faecalis, 84% of E. faecium and 80% of VRE strains were resistant to erythromycin. The bactericidal activity of quinupristin/dalfopristin against E. faecium exceeded that of the comparator drugs as judged by MIC:MBC ratios and killing curves. The MBC99 of quinupristin/dalfopristin determined by a microdilution broth technique was < or = 1 mg/L for E. faecium. Four of the five strains of vancomycin-susceptible E. faecium and three of the five VRE strains tested with time-kill curves showed a > or = 2 log reduction in viable count after exposure to quinupristin/dalfopristin for 6 h.
Biocatalytically Induced Formation of Cupric Ferrocyanide Nanoparticles and their Application for Electrochemical and Optical Biosensing of Glucose (2005)

Abstract The enzymatically controlled growth of cupric ferrocyanide nanoparticles in the presence of glucose oxidase, its ferricyanide electron acceptor, and copper ions is described. The biocatalytically stimulated growth of these nanoparticles on the surface of carbon‐paste electrodes results in an amplified electrochemical detection of the glucose substrate. This concept can readily be expanded for monitoring a wide range of biocatalytic processes involving the ferricyanide electron acceptor.
Exploring proteins: a student’s guide to experimental skills and methods (2009)

<italic>Exploring Proteins</italic> is composed of three sections. The first section looks at the basic concepts and tools. In particular, the key mathematical tools. Section B considers goals and methods and includes an examination of the important properties of proteins and how to explore them. The final section discusses data analysis and looks at data analysis in practice. It considers analytical methods, purification of proteins, the protein structure, enzyme activity, the binding of ligands to proteins, and how to report experimental work.
Introduction to quantum noise, measurement, and amplification (2010)

The topic of quantum noise has become extremely timely due to the rise of quantum information physics and the resulting interchange of ideas between the condensed matter and atomic, molecular, optical--quantum optics communities. This review gives a pedagogical introduction to the physics of quantum noise and its connections to quantum measurement and quantum amplification. After introducing quantum noise spectra and methods for their detection, the basics of weak continuous measurements are described. Particular attention is given to the treatment of the standard quantum limit on linear amplifiers and position detectors within a general linear-response framework. This approach is shown how it relates to the standard Haus-Caves quantum limit for a bosonic amplifier known in quantum optics and its application to the case of electrical circuits is illustrated, including mesoscopic detectors and resonant cavity detectors.
Single-cell RNA-seq highlights intratumoral heterogeneity in primary glioblastoma (2014)

Human cancers are complex ecosystems composed of cells with distinct phenotypes, genotypes, and epigenetic states, but current models do not adequately reflect tumor composition in patients. We used single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to profile 430 cells from five primary glioblastomas, which we found to be inherently variable in their expression of diverse transcriptional programs related to oncogenic signaling, proliferation, complement/immune response, and hypoxia. We also observed a continuum of stemness-related expression states that enabled us to identify putative regulators of stemness in vivo. Finally, we show that established glioblastoma subtype classifiers are variably expressed across individual cells within a tumor and demonstrate the potential prognostic implications of such intratumoral heterogeneity. Thus, we reveal previously unappreciated heterogeneity in diverse regulatory programs central to glioblastoma biology, prognosis, and therapy.
IL-2 Activation of NK Cells: Involvement of MKK1/2/ERK But Not p38 Kinase Pathway (2000)

IL-2 stimulates extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in various immune cell populations. The functional roles that these kinases play are still unclear. In this study, we examined whether MAPK kinase (MKK)/ERK and p38 MAPK pathways are necessary for IL-2 to activate NK cells. Using freshly isolated human NK cells, we established that an intact MKK/ERK pathway is necessary for IL-2 to activate NK cells to express at least four known biological responses: LAK generation, IFN-gamma secretion, and CD25 and CD69 expression. IL-2 induced ERK activation within 5 min. Treatment of NK cells with a specific inhibitor of MKK1/2, PD98059, during the IL-2 stimulation blocked in a dose-dependent manner each of four sequelae, with inhibition of lymphokine-activated killing induction being least sensitive to MKK/ERK pathway blockade. Activation of p38 MAPK by IL-2 was not detected in NK cells. In contrast to what was observed by others in T lymphocytes, SB203850, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK, did not inhibit IL-2-activated NK functions. This data indicate that p38 MAPK activation was not required for IL-2 to activate NK cells for the four functions examined. These results reveal selective signaling differences between NK cells and T lymphocytes; in NK cells, the MKK/ERK pathway and not p38 MAPK plays a critical positive regulatory role during activation by IL-2.
In vitro Cell Migration as a Model for Delayed Hypersensitivity. (1962)

A study has been made of the abilities of peritoneal exudate cells and spleen cells to migrate from capillary tubes in a tissue culture system. In the presence of PPD, peritoneal exudate cells from animals sensitive to PPD failed to migrate normally, while spleen cells show no consistent response. Inhibition of peritoneal exudate cells in the presence of egg albumin occurred if sensitization had been performed so that delayed skin reactions to egg albumin existed. Inhibition did not occur when early (3–6 hr) edematous reactions to skin testing existed, when significant amounts of circulating antibody to egg albumin were demonstrable. Thus the ability of antigen to inhibit cell migration in tissue culture has been confirmed with peritoneal exudate cells for tuberculin hypersensitivity and this in vitro characteristic has been shown to apply also to the delayed hypersensitivity that develops after immunization with a protein antigen in Freund's adjuvant.
3D-printed microfluidic automation (2015)

Microfluidic automation - the automated routing, dispensing, mixing, and/or separation of fluids through microchannels - generally remains a slowly-spreading technology because device fabrication requires sophisticated facilities and the technology's use demands expert operators. Integrating microfluidic automation in devices has involved specialized multi-layering and bonding approaches. Stereolithography is an assembly-free, 3D-printing technique that is emerging as an efficient alternative for rapid prototyping of biomedical devices. Here we describe fluidic valves and pumps that can be stereolithographically printed in optically-clear, biocompatible plastic and integrated within microfluidic devices at low cost. User-friendly fluid automation devices can be printed and used by non-engineers as replacement for costly robotic pipettors or tedious manual pipetting. Engineers can manipulate the designs as digital modules into new devices of expanded functionality. Printing these devices only requires the digital file and electronic access to a printer.
Study on curcumin-oligonucleotide conjugate as a probable anticancer agent: Its hybridisation with telomere target sequence 5'-GGGATTGGGATT-3' (2001)

Curcumin-oligonucleotide conjugate was synthesised by attaching diglycyl conjugate of curcumin to 12-mer complementary telomere sequence 5'-AATCCCAATCCC-3'. An enhanced Tm of 6 degrees C was found, showing high affinity for the target strand. This may be exploited for the suppression of cancer i.e. by blocking the expression of telomere sequence [GGGATT]n repeats.
Sustained Reduction of Hyperbilirubinemia in Gunn Rats After Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Gene Transfer of Bilirubin UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase Isozyme 1A1 to Skeletal Muscle (2012)

Crigler-Najjar syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder with severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia due to deficiency of bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase isozyme 1A1 (UGT1A1) encoded by the UGT1A1 gene. Current therapy relies on phototherapy to prevent life-threatening elevations of serum bilirubin levels, but liver transplantation is the only permanent treatment. Muscle-directed gene therapy has several advantages, including easy and safe access through simple intramuscular injections, and has been investigated in human clinical trials. In this study, we have investigated the efficacy of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector-mediated muscle-directed gene therapy in the preclinical animal model of Crigler-Najjar syndrome, that is the Gunn rat. Serotype 1 AAV vector expressing rat UGT1A1 under the control of muscle-specific creatine kinase promoter was injected at a dose of 3×10(12) genome copies/kg into the muscles of Gunn rats and resulted in expression of UGT1A1 protein and functionally active enzyme in injected muscles. AAV-injected Gunn rats showed an approximately 50% reduction in serum bilirubin levels as compared with saline-treated controls, and this reduction was sustained for at least 1 year postinjection. Increased excretion of alkali-labile metabolites of bilirubin in bile and urine was detected in AAV-injected animals. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of bile from AAV-injected Gunn rats showed a metabolite with retention time close to that of bilirubin diglucuronide. Taken together, these data show that clinically relevant and sustained reduction of serum bilirubin levels can be achieved by simple and safe intramuscular injections in Gunn rats. AAV-mediated muscle directed gene therapy has potential for the treatment of patients with Crigler-Najjar syndrome type 1.
Specific Inhibition of a Human Papillomavirus E2 Trans -Activator by Intracellular Delivery of Its Repressor (1994)

Papillomaviruses are the causative agents of benign and malignant epithelial tumors of the skin and mucosa. They encode a DNA-binding protein, E2, that regulates viral transcription and replication, making it an important therapeutic target. By deleting the amino-terminal trans-activation domain of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) E2 while retaining its carboxy-terminal DNA binding and dimerization domain, an E2 repressor (E2R) that efficiently inhibits transcriptional activation by full-length HPV E2 was generated. To deliver this repressor protein into animal cells, we have utilized the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat protein which itself is taken up efficiently into intact cells. Chimeras of E2R and the cellular uptake domain of Tat specifically inhibited E2-dependent reporter gene expression in COS-7 cells. Treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia cells having episomally replicating HPV-31 DNA with this Tat-E2R protein led to a dose-dependent loss of HPV DNA copies and inhibition of cell growth. Tat-mediated delivery can be a valuable tool for assessing protein function and may allow the development of novel therapeutic proteins having intracellular targets.
Evaluation of an insulated Tuohy needle system for the placement of interscalene brachial plexus catheters (2003)

Major shoulder surgery can be extremely painful. Interscalene brachial plexus catheters provide excellent postoperative analgesia but are technically difficult to place. A new insulated Tuohy needle system for plexus catheterisation is now available. This prospective study examined its ease of use and the postoperative analgesia produced by patient-controlled interscalene analgesia with ropivacaine 0.2%. Nineteen patients undergoing major shoulder surgery were studied. Interscalene brachial plexus blocks were performed using a modified Winnie technique with the insulated Tuohy needle and a nerve stimulator. After injection of ropivacaine 0.75% 30-40 ml into the plexus, a catheter was inserted. Block and catheter insertion times were recorded. All 19 patients had successful blocks and had catheters successfully threaded. Catheter infusions provided successful analgesia (visual analogue pain score < 5/10) in 18 patients, with one failure, giving a 95% success rate. Mean [range] catheter insertion time was 3.6 [1-10] min. Decreased block and catheter insertion times were associated with experience with the equipment when comparing the mean (SD) times for the first seven catheters and the last seven catheters inserted (12.1 (4.2) min vs. 7.9 (2.4) min), p < 0.05). It is concluded that the insulated Tuohy needle system for interscalene catheterisation proved easy to use in the hands of someone who had not used it before, and can be recommended.