gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Retina-derived POU-domain factor-1: a complex POU-domain gene implicated in the development of retinal ganglion and amacrine cells (1996)

A novel POU-domain protein, retina-derived POU-domain factor-1 (RPF-1), has been identified through the isolation of cDNA and genomic DNA clones. In the adult, RPF-1 is expressed only within the CNS, where its expression is restricted to the medical habenulla, to a dispersed population of neurons in the dorsal hypothalamus, and to subsets of ganglion and amacrine cells in the retina. The human RPF-1 gene spans > 125 kb and gives rise to multiple differentially spliced transcripts. In the human retina, the most abundant mRNA isoforms are derived from an alternate splicing event that inserts an evolutionarily conserved peptide of 36 amino acids into the DNA recognition helix of the POU-specific domain. In vitro, the RPF-1 POU domain lacking the insert binds to a consensus Oct-1 binding site, whereas the alternately spliced POU domain does not. RPF-1 protein first appears in the developing mouse retina at e11, where it localizes to neuroblasts that have recently migrated from the mitotic zone to the future ganglion cell layer. These data suggest that RPF-1 is likely to be involved in early steps in the differentiation of amacrine and ganglion cells.
Gold Nanoparticle-Based Simple Colorimetric and Ultrasensitive Dynamic Light Scattering Assay for the Selective Detection of Pb(II) from Paints, Plastics, and Water Samples (2011)

Pb (II) is a common water pollutant with high toxicity. According to the CDC, about 310,000 U.S. children of ages 1-5 have high levels of lead in their blood that it is due to the exposure to lead from plastic toys and other products. As a result, the development of ultrasensitive assays for the real-time detection of Pb(II) from plastic toys and paints is very important for water controlling, clinical toxicology and industrial processes. Driven by the need to detect trace amounts of Pb(II) from water samples, we report a label-free, highly selective and ultra sensitive glutathione modified gold nanoparticle based dynamic light scattering (DLS) probe for Pb(II) recognition in 100 ppt level from aqueous solution with excellent discrimination against other heavy metals. The sensitivity of our assay to detect Pb(II) level in water is almost 2 orders of magnitude higher than the EPA standard limit. We have also demonstrated that our DLS assay is capable of measuring the amount of Pb(II) in paint, plastic toys, and water from MS river. A possible mechanism and operating principles of our DLS assay have been discussed. Ultimately, this nanotechnology driven assay could have enormous potential applications in rapid, on-site monitoring of Pb(II) from day-to-day sample.
Fatty acid triazoles: Novel corrosion inhibitors for oil well steel (N‐80) and mild steel (2000)

Abstract Three fatty acid triazoles, namely, 3‐undecane‐4‐aryl‐5‐mercapto‐1,2,4‐triazole (triazole 1), 3(heptadeca‐8‐ene)‐4‐aryl‐5‐mercapto‐1,2,4‐triazole (triazole 2), and 3(deca‐9‐ene)‐4‐aryl‐5‐mercapto‐1,2‐4‐triazole (triazole 3) were synthesized and their corrosion‐inhibiting action in 15% hydrochloric acid was evaluated by weight‐loss method and electrochemical techniques. Electrochemical polarization studies at room temperature indicated that all the triazoles are mixed‐type inhibitors, i.e., they inhibit both anodic and cathodic reactions. The adsorption of these compounds onto mild steel from 15% HCl followed Temkin's adsorption isotherm.
Dynamic erbium-doped fiber amplifier based on active gain flattening with fiber acoustooptic tunable filters (1999)

We describe the first demonstration of a dynamic erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) based on automatic feedback control of active gain equalizing filters. The filters are all-fiber acoustooptic tunable filters capable of generating controllable filter shapes. Wide dynamic-range gain/power control is achieved with <0.6-dB signal ripple over 30 nm in various operating conditions. We also show, by numerical simulation, an important advantage of the dynamic EDFA over a conventional EDFA in cascaded structures.
Calcium-Channel Antibodies in the Lambert–Eaton Syndrome and Other Paraneoplastic Syndromes (1995)

The high frequency of P/Q-type calcium-channel antibodies found in patients with Lambert-Eaton syndrome implies that antibodies of this specificity have a role in the presynaptic pathophysiology of this disorder.
Regulation of expression of human IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta genes. (1989)

IL-1 gene expression was investigated in human blood mononuclear cells. IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta mRNA were induced with LPS or TNF. Kinetic measurements on Northern blots revealed that these stimuli elicited qualitatively similar changes in IL-1 mRNA levels, and that expression of IL-1 mRNA was transient. IL-1 beta mRNA was the predominant mRNA species and remained elevated for somewhat longer than IL-1 alpha mRNA. TNF and IFN-gamma synergized to induce both species of IL-1 mRNA and IL-1 bioactivity. Transcriptional control, as measured by nuclear run on assays, partly determines the greater levels of IL-1 beta mRNA because the rate of IL-1 beta transcription was greater than that of IL-1 alpha. Cycloheximide (CHX) was able to induce IL-1 mRNA but did not induce transcription of either IL-1 gene. When added to cultures pretreated with TNF or LPS, CHX superinduced IL-1 mRNA, but IL-1 transcription was not increased. If added simultaneously CHX blocked TNF-induced IL-1 gene transcription, suggesting that TNF may induce factors required for IL-1 gene transcription. CHX increased the stability of both IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta mRNA, demonstrating the existence of a post-transcriptional form of control. In half-life experiments IL-1 beta mRNA was more stable than IL-1 alpha mRNA, indicating that post-transcriptional control also contributes to the greater steady state levels of IL-1 beta. Taken together, the available evidence suggests IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta mRNA are regulated differentially at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level.
Application of Shrinkage Techniques in Logistic Regression Analysis: A Case Study (2001)

Logistic regression analysis may well be used to develop a predictive model for a dichotomous medical outcome, such as short‐term mortality. When the data set is small compared to the number of covariables studied, shrinkage techniques may improve predictions. We compared the performance of three variants of shrinkage techniques: 1) a linear shrinkage factor, which shrinks all coefficients with the same factor; 2) penalized maximum likelihood (or ridge regression), where a penalty factor is added to the likelihood function such that coefficients are shrunk individually according to the variance of each covariable; 3) the Lasso, which shrinks some coefficients to zero by setting a constraint on the sum of the absolute values of the coefficients of standardized covariables. Logistic regression models were constructed to predict 30‐day mortality after acute myocardial infarction. Small data sets were created from a large randomized controlled trial, half of which provided independent validation data. We found that all three shrinkage techniques improved the calibration of predictions compared to the standard maximum likelihood estimates. This study illustrates that shrinkage is a valuable tool to overcome some of the problems of overfitting in medical data.
Tunable wavelength-selective liquid crystal filters for 600-channel FDM system (1992)

A tunable wavelength-selective filter is described that is capable of selecting one channel from over 600 channels at a wavelength of 1.47-1.60 mu m by stacking two liquid-crystal Fabry-Perot interferometers, one with a wide tuning range of 127 nm and a broad bandwidth of 3.4 nm and the other with a very narrow bandwidth of 0.07 nm (9 GHz) and a small tuning range of 12 nm. This filter has an efficient finesse of 1800, and it can select one channel from 600 light sources with 0.2-nm (25-GHz) spacing at a beam optics loss of 5 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
USE OF GLEASON SCORE, PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN, SEMINAL VESICLE AND MARGIN STATUS TO PREDICT BIOCHEMICAL FAILURE AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY (2001)

Progression-free survival determined by the model score group identified a wide range of risk levels for patients with specimen confined prostate cancer. This simple predictive model allows identification of patients at high risk for cancer progression with specimen confined disease who may be targeted for closer surveillance and adjuvant therapy, while those at lower risk may be simply observed.
Studies on the Antibacterial Action of Spermine (1954)

SUMMARY: Spermine was found to inhibit the growth of various micro-organisms. The most susceptible were Staphylococcus aureus and Staph. albus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis, and to a lesser degree Bacillus anthracis. The Enterobacteriaceae were relatively resistant. The action of spermine was enhanced by an increase in pH of the medium. The antibacterial effect was bactericidal; it was slowed but not prevented by a decrease in temperature from 37 to 6°. The nutrients of various media influenced the action of spermine.
Expression of endotoxic activities by synthetic monosaccharide lipid A analogs with alkyl-branched acyl substituents (1995)

Synthetic monosaccharide lipid A analogs with alkyl-branched acyl substituents instead of the usual ester-branched acyl substituents were investigated for their biological activities. The activities were compared with those of a representative synthetic monosaccharide lipid A analog with an ester branch (GLA-60) and synthetic complete lipid A (506) to estimate the role of the attaching mode of the branched side chains for expression of endotoxic activities. Among the analogs with alkyl branches, GLA-146 and GLA-147, which have C12 and C14 alkyl side chains, respectively, showed strong endotoxic activities. These analogs exhibited comparable or stronger activities than those of GLA-60 in murine macrophage activation activities to induce mediators such as tumor necrosis factors, interleukin 6, and nitric oxide and in mitogenic activity towards murine spleen cells; however, these activities were weaker than the respective activities of 506. With respect to lethal toxicity to galactosamine-sensitized mice, the analogs showed stronger activity than that of GLA-60 and activity closer to that of 506. With respect to adjuvant activity, no significant activity was observed in the analogs, while the activities of GLA-60 and 506 were strong. When lipopolysaccharide-resistant C3H/HeJ mice were used, the activities described above were not observed either for the analogs under investigation nor for GLA-60 and 506. These findings indicate that the ester type of branch in lipid A and its analogs does not play an indispensable role in the expression of various endotoxic activities. However, it may play some role in the expression of adjuvant activity and in lowering the level of toxicity.
The Case for the Entourage Effect and Conventional Breeding of Clinical Cannabis: No “Strain,” No Gain (2019)

The topic of Cannabis curries controversy in every sphere of influence, whether politics, pharmacology, applied therapeutics or even botanical taxonomy. Debate as to the speciation of Cannabis, or a lack thereof, has swirled for more than 250 years. Because all Cannabis types are eminently capable of cross-breeding to produce fertile progeny, it is unlikely that any clear winner will emerge between the "lumpers" vs. "splitters" in this taxonomical debate. This is compounded by the profusion of Cannabis varieties available through the black market and even the developing legal market. While labeled "strains" in common parlance, this term is acceptable with respect to bacteria and viruses, but not among Plantae. Given that such factors as plant height and leaflet width do not distinguish one Cannabis plant from another and similar difficulties in defining terms in Cannabis, the only reasonable solution is to characterize them by their biochemical/pharmacological characteristics. Thus, it is best to refer to Cannabis types as chemical varieties, or "chemovars." The current wave of excitement in Cannabis commerce has translated into a flurry of research on alternative sources, particularly yeasts, and complex systems for laboratory production have emerged, but these presuppose that single compounds are a desirable goal. Rather, the case for Cannabis synergy via the "entourage effect" is currently sufficiently strong as to suggest that one molecule is unlikely to match the therapeutic and even industrial potential of Cannabis itself as a phytochemical factory. The astounding plasticity of the Cannabis genome additionally obviates the need for genetic modification techniques.
Heterologous Expression of Mutated HLA-G1 Reduces Alloreactivity of Human Dermal Fibroblasts (2014)

We are the first to successfully create a human fibroblast source with reduced alloreactivity using a novel mHLA-G1 construct. This approach may be extended to other cell types including human embryonic stem cells for use in allogeneic transplantation for cell-based regenerative medicine applications.
Recombinant antibody toxins specific for ErbB2 and EGF receptor inhibit thein vitro growth of human head and neck cancer cells and cause rapid tumor regressionin vivo (2000)

Overexpression of the ErbB2 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinases is frequently observed in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, and has been correlated with shorter overall survival. By immunoblot analysis, we have found EGFR and ErbB2 expression in 6 out of 6 established head and neck cancer cell lines. Elevated EGFR protein levels were noted in 3 and elevated ErbB2 levels in 5 of them. Significant expression of EGFR and ErbB2 was also detected in 17 of 47 and 26 of 45 primary tumor samples. Due to their enhanced expression on the tumor cell surface, these receptors can be regarded as suitable targets for directed cancer therapy. We have analyzed the antitumoral activity of recombinant single-chain antibody toxins specific for ErbB2 and EGFR against head and neck cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The recombinant toxins consist of the variable domains of the heavy and light chains of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) genetically fused to a truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin A (ETA). At low concentrations, the ErbB2-specific single-chain antibody (scFv) toxin scFv(FRP5)-ETA and the EGFR-specific toxins scFv(225)-ETA and scFv(14E1)-ETA inhibited the in vitro growth of established head and neck cancer cell lines and primary tumor cells. In a nude mouse tumor model, intratumoral injection of the antibody toxins resulted in the rapid regression of subcutaneously growing CAL 27 tumor xenografts, with scFv(FRP5)-ETA and scFv(14E1)-ETA treatment being most effective and leading to the cure of up to 50% of the animals. Our results suggest that EGFR and ErbB2-specific antibody toxins may become valuable therapeutic reagents for the treatment of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck.
Hepatitis C virus NS5A: tales of a promiscuous protein (2004)

The non-structural 5A (NS5A) protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been the subject of intensive research over the last decade. It is generally accepted that NS5A is a pleiotropic protein with key roles in both viral RNA replication and modulation of the physiology of the host cell. Our understanding of the role of NS5A in the virus life cycle has been hampered by the lack of a robust in vitro system for the study of HCV replication, although the recent development of the subgenomic replicon has at least allowed us to begin to dissect the involvement of NS5A in the process of viral RNA replication. Early studies into the effects of NS5A on cell physiology relied on expression of NS5A either alone or in the context of other non-structural proteins; the advent of the replicon system has allowed the extrapolation of these studies to a more physiologically relevant cellular context. Despite recent progress, this field is controversial, and there is much work to be accomplished before we fully understand the many functions of this protein. In this article, the current state of our knowledge of NS5A, discussing in detail its direct involvement in virus replication, together with its role in modulating the cellular environment to favour virus replication and persistence, are reviewed. The effects of NS5A on interferon signalling, and the regulation of cell growth and apoptosis are highlighted, demonstrating that this protein is indeed of critical importance for HCV and is worthy of further investigation.
Synergic effects of arsenic trioxide and cAMP during acute promyelocytic leukemia cell maturation subtends a novel signaling cross-talk (2002)

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by the specific chromosome translocation t(15;17) with promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor-alpha (PML-RARA) fusion gene and the ability to undergo terminal differentiation as an effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Recently, arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)) has been identified as an alternative therapy in patients with both ATRA-sensitive and ATRA-resistant APL. At the cellular level, As(2)O(3) triggers apoptosis and a partial differentiation of APL cells in a dose-dependent manner; both effects are observed in vivo among patients with APL and APL animal models. To further explore the mechanism of As(2)O(3)-induced differentiation, the combined effects of arsenic and a number of other differentiation inducers on APL cell lines (NB4 and NB4-R1) and some fresh APL cells were examined. The data show that a strong synergy exists between a low concentration of As(2)O(3) (0.25 microM) and the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) analogue, 8-CPT-cAMP, in fully inducing differentiation of NB4, NB4-R1, and fresh APL cells. Furthermore, cAMP facilitated the degradation of As(2)O(3)-mediated fusion protein PML-RARalpha, a process considered to play a key role in overcoming the differentiation arrest of APL cells. On the other hand, cAMP could significantly inhibit cell growth by modulating several major players in G(1)/S transition regulation. Interestingly, H89, an antagonist of protein kinase A, could block the differentiation-inducing effect of As(2)O(3) potentiated by cAMP. These results thus support the existence of a novel signaling cross-talk for APL maturation, which may deepen understanding of As(2)O(3)-induced differentiation in vivo, and thus furnish insights for new therapeutic strategies.
Clinically Detectable Nerve Fiber Atrophy Precedes the Onset of Glaucomatous Field Loss (1991)

Standardized perimetry and nerve fiber layer and color fundus photography were performed annually on 1344 eyes with elevated intraocular pressures. In 83 eyes, glaucomatous field defects developed that met rigid criteria on manual kinetic and suprathreshold static perimetry. Individual nerve fiber layer photographs were read by two masked observers. The more sensitive of the two identified nerve fiber layer defects in 88% of readable photographs at the time field loss first occurred; 60% (6/10) of eyes already had nerve fiber layer defects 6 years before field loss. In contrast, the nerve fiber layer was considered abnormal in only 11% (3/27) of normal eyes and 26% (84/327) of hypertensive eyes. The location of nerve fiber layer and field defects closely corresponded, but nerve fiber layer loss was generally more widespread. Examiner experience and severity of optic nerve damage influenced results. Mild focal defects were more readily recognized than more severe diffuse atrophy. Nerve fiber layer defects expanded with time, often by the development and coalescence of adjacent areas of damage.
RAG-1 interacts with the repeated amino acid motif of the human homologue of the yeast protein SRP1. (1994)

Genes for immunoglobulins and T-cell receptor are generated by a process known as V(D)J recombination. This process is highly regulated and mediated by the recombination activating proteins RAG-1 and RAG-2. By the use of the two-hybrid protein interaction system, we isolated a human protein that specifically interacts with RAG-1. This protein is the human homologue of the yeast SRP1 (suppressor of a temperature-sensitive RNA polymerase I mutation). The SRP1-1 mutation is an allele-specific dominant suppressor of a temperature-sensitive mutation in the zinc binding domain of the 190-kDa subunit of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA polymerase I. The human SRP cDNA clone was used to screen a mouse cDNA library. We obtained a 3.9-kbp cDNA clone encoding the mouse SRP1. The open reading frame of this cDNA encodes a 538-amino acid protein with eight degenerate repeats of 40-45 amino acids each. The mouse and human SRP1 are 98% identical, while the mouse and yeast SRP1 have 48% identity. After cotransfection of the genes encoding RAG-1 and human SRP1 into 293T cells, a stable complex was evident. Deletion analysis indicated that the region of the SRP1 protein interacting with RAG-1 involved four repeats. The domain of RAG-1 that associates with SRP1 mapped N-terminal to the zinc finger domain. Because this region of RAG-1 is not required for recombination and SRP1 appears to be bound to the nuclear envelope, we suggest that this interaction helps to localize RAG-1.
Poultry breeding and genetics (1990)

Foreword. Part I. Poultry Biology. Origin and history of poultry species (R.D. Crawford). Poultry genetic resources: evolution, diversity and conservation (R.D. Crawford). Reproductive biology in relation to breeding and genetics (H.P. Van Krey). Preservation of avian cells (M.R. Bakst). II. Qualitative Genetics. Genetics of plumage, skin and eye pigmentation in chickens (J.R. Smyth, Jr.). Mutations and major variants of plumage and skin in chickens (R.G. Somes, Jr.). Mutations and major variants of muscles and skeleton in chickens (R.G. Somes, Jr.). Genetics of biochemical variants in chickens (A.A. Grunder). Mutations and major variants of the nervous system in chickens (R.D. Crawford). Mutations and major variants of other body systems in chickens (R.G. Somes, Jr. et al.). Lethal mutant traits in chickens (R.G. Somes, Jr.). Mutations and major variants in turkeys (T.F. Savage). Mutations and major variants in Japanese quail (K.M. Cheng, M. Kimura). Mutations and major variants in guinea fowl (R.G. Somes, Jr.). Mutations and major variants in ring-necked pheasants (R.G. Somes, Jr.). Mutations and major variants in domestic ducks (F.M. Lancaster). Mutations and major variants in muscovy ducks (C. Fedeli Avanzi, R.D. Crawford). Mutations and major variants in geese (R.O. Hawes). Cytology and cytogenetics (J.J. Bitgood, R.N. Shoffner). Pleiotropic and associated effects of major genes (P. Merat). Linkage relationships and gene mapping (J.J. Bitgood, R.G. Somes, Jr.). III. New Directions in Poultry Genetics. Immunogenetics (S.J. Lamont, R.R. Dietert). Molecular genetics (G. Bulfield). Genetic engineering (R.M. Shuman). IV. Quantitative Genetics and Selection. Genetics of growth and meat production in chickens (J.R. Chambers). Genetics of growth and meat production in turkeys (E.G. Buss). Genetics of growth and meat production in other galliforms (H.L. Marks). Genetics of growth and meat production in waterfowl (H. Pingel). Genetics of egg production in chickens (R.W. Fairfull, R.S. Gowe). Genetics of egg production in other galliforms (H.L. Marks). Genetics of egg production and reproduction in waterfowl (H. Pingel). Genetic variation in egg composition (K.W. Washburn). Disease genetics (J.S. Gavora). Nutritional genetics (R.A.E. Pym). Behavioral genetics (P.B. Siegel, E.A. Dunnington). Genotype x environment interactions (A.K. Sheridan). Heterosis (R.W. Fairfull). Genetic controls in selection (R.S. Gowe, R.W. Fairfull). Inbreeding (H. Abplanalp). V. Applied Breeding and Selection. Industrial breeding and selection (P. Hunton). Breeding and selection by poultry fanciers (W.C. Carefoot). Breeding and selection programs in developing countries (T.K. Mukherjee). Author Index. Subject Index.