gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Is There Still Room for Cancer Vaccines at the Era of Checkpoint Inhibitors (2016)

Checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) blockade is considered to be a revolution in cancer therapy, although most patients (70%-80%) remain resistant to this therapy. It has been hypothesized that only tumors with high mutation rates generate a natural antitumor T cell response, which could be revigorated by this therapy. In patients with no pre-existing antitumor T cells, a vaccine-induced T cell response is a rational option to counteract clinical resistance. This hypothesis has been validated in preclinical models using various cancer vaccines combined with inhibitory pathway blockade (PD-1-PDL1-2, CTLA-4-CD80-CD86). Enhanced T cell infiltration of various tumors has been demonstrated following this combination therapy. The timing of this combination appears to be critical to the success of this therapy and multiple combinations of immunomodulating antibodies (CPI antagonists or costimulatory pathway agonists) have reinforced the synergy with cancer vaccines. Only limited results are available in humans and this combined approach has yet to be validated. Comprehensive monitoring of the regulation of CPI and costimulatory molecules after administration of immunomodulatory antibodies (anti-PD1/PD-L1, anti-CTLA-4, anti-OX40, etc.) and cancer vaccines should help to guide the selection of the best combination and timing of this therapy.
Electrical Stimulation Technologies for Wound Healing (2013)

<b>Objective:</b> To discuss the physiological bases for using exogenously applied electric field (EF) energy to enhance wound healing with conductive electrical stimulation (ES) devices. <b>Approach:</b> To describe the types of electrical currents that have been reported to enhance chronic wound-healing rate and closure. <b>Results:</b> Commercial ES devices that generate direct current (DC), and mono and biphasic pulsed current waveforms represent the principal ES technologies which are reported to enhance wound healing. <b>Innovation:</b> Wafer-thin, disposable ES technologies (wound dressings) that utilize mini or micro-batteries to deliver low-level DC for wound healing and antibacterial wound-treatment purposes are commercially available. Microfluidic wound-healing chips are currently being used with greater accuracy to investigate the EF effects on cellular electrotaxis. <b>Conclusion:</b> Numerous clinical trials described in subsequent sections of this issue have demonstrated that ES used adjunctively with standard wound care (SWC), enhances wound healing rate faster than SWC alone.
Considering temporal structures in Independent Component Analysis (2003)

In this work we show how temporal structures in time series can be used in the framework of independent component analysis assuming the signals arise from Markov chains with finite order. Taking into account the past of the underlying processes, by using time embedding vectors, not only instantaneous independent but also uncoupled sources can be found. As a result signals which are gaussian distributed at each time can be decomposed as long as the time embedding vectors are non-gaussian. Using the model of independent time embedding vectors, we derive an algorithm (FastTeICA) which is similar to the well known FastICA algorithm introduced by Hyv¨rinen (1999). A weakening of the strict assumption of independent embedding vectors which still takes into account the dynamics of the processes for signal decomposition can be achieved by assuming independent increments, i.e. the change of state of the processes. Both approaches, independent states and independent dynamics, are a special case of the independence of the time embedding vectors.
Approaching capacity of large MIMO systems by non-binary LDPC codes and MMSE detection (2012)

In this paper, we have investigated the application of non-binary LDPC codes to spatial multiplexing MIMO systems with a large number of low power antennas. We demonstrate that such large MIMO systems incorporating with low-complexity MMSE detector and non-binary LDPC codes can achieve low probability of bit error at near MIMO capacity. The new proposed non-binary LDPC coded system also performs better than other coded large MIMO systems known in the present literature. For instance, non-binary LDPC coded BPSK-MIMO system with 600 transmit/receive antennas performs within 3.4 dB from the capacity while the best known turbo coded system operates about 9.4 dB away from the capacity. Based on the simulation results provided in this paper, the proposed non-binary LDPC coded large MIMO system is capable of supporting ultra high spectral efficiency at low bit error rate.
Insights into the role of 3-O-sulfotransferase in heparan sulfate biosynthesis (2017)

3-O-Sulfotransferase enzyme (sHS) from Litopenaeus vannamei was cloned and its substrate specificity was investigated against a number of GAG structures, including modified heparin polysaccharides and model oligosaccharides. For the heparin polysaccharides, derived from porcine intestinal mucosa heparin, sulfate groups were incorporated into glucosamine residues containing both N-sulfated and N-acetylated substitution within the regions of the predominant repeating disaccharide, either I-A<sub>NS</sub> or I-A<sub>NAc</sub>. However, the resulting polysaccharides did not stabilize antithrombin, which is correlated with anticoagulant activity. It was also shown that the enzyme was able to sulfate disaccharides, I<sub>2S</sub>-A<sub>NS</sub> and G-A<sub>NAc</sub>. The results further illustrate that 3-O-sulfation can be induced outside of the classical heparin-binding pentasaccharide sequence, show that 3-O-sulfation of glucosamine is not a sufficient condition for antithrombin stabilization and suggest that the use of this enzyme during HS biosynthesis may not occur as the final enzymatic step.
Stereotactic Limbic Leucotomy: Neurophysiological Aspects and Operative Technique (1973)

Psychosurgery has always been, and is likely to remain, a controversial subject. Blind operations lack precision and can lead to adverse personality changes or other serious side-effects. Open surgery is becoming less acceptable because of the difficulties of accurately assessing the extent of a lesion and its exact location. The introduction of stereotactic techniques enables far smaller lesions to be placed with a high degree of accuracy, and increased knowledge of the limbic system has contributed to advances in this field.
Peak-power limits on fiber amplifiers imposed by self-focusing (2006)

We have numerically investigated the behavior of the fundamental mode of a step-index, multimode (MM) fiber as the optical power approaches the self-focusing limit (P(crit)). The analysis includes the effects of gain and bending (applicable to coiled fiber amplifiers). We find power-dependent, stationary solutions that propagate essentially without change at beam powers approaching P(crit) in straight and bent fibers. We show that in a MM fiber amplifier seeded with its fundamental eigenmode at powers <<P(crit), the transverse spatial profile adiabatically evolves through a continuum of stationary solutions as the beam is amplified toward P(crit).
Applying natural language generation to indicative summarization (2001)

The task of creating indicative summaries that help a searcher decide whether to read a particular document is a difficult task. This paper examines the indicative summarization task from a generation perspective, by first analyzing its required content via published guidelines and corpus analysis. We show how these summaries can be factored into a set of document features, and how an implemented content planner uses the topicality document feature to create indicative multidocument query-based summaries.
The Impact of Aluminum and Iron Substitution on the Structure and Electrochemistry of Li(Ni[sub 0.4]Co[sub 0.2−y]M[sub y]Mn[sub 0.4])O[sub 2] Materials (2009)

and compounds were prepared to investigate the effect of replacement of all or part of the cobalt on the structural and electrochemical properties. The impact of substitution on the structure has been examined by both X-ray and neutron diffraction experiments. The incorporation of aluminum has minimal effect on the antisite defect concentration, but leads to structural changes that affect electrochemical performance. The most important effect is an opening of the lithium slab dimension upon substitution, which results in improved rate performance compared to the parent compound. In contrast, the lithium slab dimension is not affected by iron substitution and no rate enhancement effect is observed. The cycling stability of aluminum containing materials is superior to both the parent material and iron-substituted materials.
Gallium-67-Labeled Lactam Bridge-Cyclized α-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone Peptide for Primary and Metastatic Melanoma Imaging (2009)

The purpose of this study was to examine the melanoma imaging properties of a novel 67Ga-labeled lactam bridge-cyclized alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) peptide. A lactam bridge-cyclized alpha-MSH peptide, DOTA-GlyGlu-CycMSH {DOTA-Gly-Glu-c[Lys-Nle-Glu-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Arg-Pro-Val-Asp]}, was synthesized and radiolabeled with 67Ga. The melanoma targeting and pharmacokinetic properties of 67Ga-DOTA-GlyGlu-CycMSH were determined in B16/F1 flank primary melanoma-bearing and B16/F10 pulmonary metastatic melanoma-bearing C57 mice. Flank primary melanoma and pulmonary metastatic melanoma imaging were performed by small animal single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT using 67Ga-DOTA-GlyGlu-CycMSH as an imaging probe. 67Ga-DOTA-GlyGlu-CycMSH was readily prepared with greater than 95% radiolabeling yield. 67Ga-DOTA-GlyGlu-CycMSH exhibited substantial tumor uptake (12.93 +/- 1.63%ID/g at 2 h postinjection) and prolonged tumor retention (5.02 +/- 1.35%ID/g at 24 h postinjection) in B16/F1 melanoma-bearing C57 mice. The uptake values for nontarget organs were generally low (<0.30%ID/g) except for the kidneys at 2, 4, and 24 h postinjection. 67Ga-DOTA-GlyGlu-CycMSH exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) higher uptakes (1.44 +/- 0.75%ID/g at 2 h postinjection and 1.49 +/- 0.69%ID/g at 4 h postinjection) in metastatic melanoma-bearing lung than those in normal lung (0.15 +/- 0.10%ID/g and 0.17 +/- 0.11%ID/g at 2 and 4 h postinjection, respectively). Both flank primary B16/F1 melanoma and B16/F10 pulmonary melanoma metastases were clearly visualized by SPECT/CT using 67Ga-DOTA-GlyGlu-CycMSH as an imaging probe 2 h postinjection. 67Ga-DOTA-GlyGlu-CycMSH exhibited favorable melanoma targeting and imaging properties, highlighting its potential as an effective imaging probe for early detection of primary and metastatic melanoma.
High‐End pH‐controlled delivery of glucose effectively suppresses lactate accumulation in CHO Fed‐batch cultures (2011)

A simple method for control of lactate accumulation in suspension cultures of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells based on the culture's pH was developed. When glucose levels in culture reach a low level (generally below 1 mM) cells begin to take up lactic acid from the culture medium resulting in a rise in pH. A nutrient feeding method has been optimized which delivers a concentrated glucose solution triggered by rising pH. We have shown that this high-end pH-controlled delivery of glucose can dramatically reduce or eliminate the accumulation of lactate during the growth phase of a fed-batch CHO cell culture at both bench scale and large scale (2,500 L). This method has proven applicable to the majority of CHO cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies and other therapeutic proteins. Using this technology to enhance a 12-day fed-batch process that already incorporated very high initial cell densities and highly concentrated medium and feeds resulted in an approximate doubling of the final titers for eight cell lines. The increase in titer was due to additional cell growth and higher cell specific productivity.
ACTION-BASED ROAD HORIZONTAL SHAPE RECOGNITION (1999)

Abstract This paper presents a new action-based shape model concept for road horizontal shape recognition using monocular color image obtained by vehicle-mounted camera. It classifies the road horizontal shape into straight, curve, curve-in and curve-out four models in order to obtain the simple road shape description relating to the vehicle control actions directly. Contrary to other road shape recognition methods, this approach is simpler, faster and directly relating to vehicle control actions, by taking the driving experiences of human being and the highway construction rules into account. Experiments on synthetic images and real outdoor road scenes show the effectiveness of this approach.
Residual guanosine 3‘,5‘-bispyrophosphate synthetic activity of relA null mutants can be eliminated by spoT null mutations. (1991)

It was known previously that 1) the relA gene of Escherichia coli encodes an enzyme capable of guanosine 3',5'-bispyrophosphate (ppGpp) synthesis, 2) an uncharacterized source of ppGpp synthesis exists in relA null strains, and 3) cellular degradation of ppGpp is mainly due to a manganese-dependent ppGpp 3'-pyrophosphohydrolase encoded by the spoT gene. Here, the effects of spoT gene insertions and deletions are compared with analogous alterations in neighboring genes in the spo operon and found to be lethal in relA+ strains as well as slower growing in relAl backgrounds than delta relA hosts. Cells with null alleles in both the relA and spoT genes are found no longer to accumulate ppGpp after glucose exhaustion or after chelation of manganese ions by picolinic acid addition; the inability to form ppGpp is reversed by a minimal spoT gene on a multicopy plasmid. Strains apparently lacking ppGpp show a complex phenotype including auxotrophy for several amino acids and morphological alterations. We propose that the SpoT protein can either catalyze or control the alternative pathway of ppGpp synthesis in addition to its known role as a (p)ppGpp 3'-pyrophosphohydrolase. We favor the possibility that the SpoT protein is a bifunctional enzyme capable of catalyzing either ppGpp synthesis or degradation.
Age Distribution of Influenza Like Illness Cases during Post-Pandemic A(H3N2): Comparison with the Twelve Previous Seasons, in France (2013)

In France, the 2011-2012 influenza epidemic was characterized by the circulation of antigenically drifted influenza A(H3N2) viruses and by an increased disease severity and mortality among the elderly, with respect to the A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic and post-pandemic outbreaks. Whether the epidemiology of influenza in France differed between the 2011-2012 epidemic and the previous outbreaks is unclear. Here, we analyse the age distribution of influenza like illness (ILI) cases attended in general practice during the 2011-2012 epidemic, and compare it with that of the twelve previous epidemic seasons. Influenza like illness data were obtained through a nationwide surveillance system based on sentinel general practitioners. Vaccine effectiveness was also estimated. The estimated number of ILI cases attended in general practice during the 2011-2012 was lower than that of the past twelve epidemics. The age distribution was characteristic of previous A(H3N2)-dominated outbreaks: school-age children were relatively spared compared to epidemics (co-)dominated by A(H1N1) and/or B viruses (including the 2009 pandemic and post-pandemic outbreaks), while the proportion of adults over 30 year-old was higher. The estimated vaccine effectiveness (54%, 95% CI (48, 60)) was in the lower range for A(H3N2) epidemics. In conclusion, the age distribution of ILI cases attended in general practice seems to be not different between the A(H3N2) pre-pandemic and post-pandemic epidemics. Future researches including a more important number of ILI epidemics and confirmed virological data of influenza and other respiratory pathogens are necessary to confirm these results.
Identification of Enterobacteriaceae by partial sequencing of the gene encoding translation initiation factor 2 (1999)

Nucleotide sequence analysis is increasingly being used to identify bacteria. In this work, a PCR assay based on degenerate primers was used to obtain the partial sequence of infB, the gene encoding translation initiation factor 2 (IF2), in 39 clinical isolates of different Enterobacteriaceae. The partial sequence encodes the GTP-binding domain of IF2. Together with sequences from the literature, a total of 15 species, each represented by one to seven strains, was investigated. Phylogenetic analysis yielded an evolutionary tree which had a topology similar to a tree constructed using available 16S rRNA sequences. It is concluded that the inter-species variation of the infB gene fragment is sufficient for its use in the characterization of strains that have aberrant phenotypic reactions.
Alkali-Hydrothermal Synthesis of Acicular Tobermorite Using Natural Mineral K-Feldspar Powder (2015)

This research reports a new economical method of preparing acicular tobermorite as well as high-valuable KOH obtained. Acicular tobermorite was hydrothermally synthesized at 180∼250°C for 4∼8 h using the K-feldspar powder and CaO chemical firstly while the filtrate could be used to prepare KOH. The K-feldspar powder used is from Luonan county of Shaanxi province in China. The XRD analysis indicated that the main phase is microcline with the content of 91%. The chemical analysis showed that the main chemical components of the K-feldspar powder are SiO2 64.53%, Al2O3 16.70% and K2O 14.75% in mass.The micrographs of the synthesized samples at the condition of different water/solid ratios, hydrothermal treated temperature and time were investigated. It is concluded that the well-crystallized tobermorite was formed with the acicular shape when the synthesized parameters were as follows. nCa/n(Si+Al) = 0.83, Water/Solid(in mass) = 20, T = 250°C and t = 8h. The synthesized well-crystalline tobermorite sample was characterized by the use of chemical analysis, powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. It is shown that the synthesized sample is acicular with the diameter of around 0.2∼0.5 µm.
Molecular Cloning and Functional Expression of a Novel CC Chemokine Receptor cDNA from a Human Basophilic Cell Line (1995)

We report the cloning and characterization of a novel basophil CC chemokin receptor, K5-5, from the human immature basophilic cell line KU-812. The predicted protein sequence of K5-5 shows only 49% identity to the macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha/RANTES receptor (CC CKR-1) and 47% identity to monocyte chemotactic protein-1 receptor (b form), suggesting that this cDNA encodes a novel member of the CC chemokine receptor family. Analysis of K5-5 mRNA expression indicates that it is restricted to leukocyte-rich tissues. In addition, we have shown significant levels of K5-5 mRNA in human basophils, which were up-regulated by treatment with interleukin-5. The CC chemokines, Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha, RANTES, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 were able to stimulate a Ca(2+)-activated chloride channel in Xenopus laevis oocytes injected with K5-5 cRNA, whereas no signal was detected in response to monocyte chemotactic protein-2, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta, or the CXC chemokine, interleukin-8. Taken together, these results indicate for the first time the presence of a CC chemokine receptor on basophils, which functions as a "shared" CC chemokine receptor and may therefore be implicated in the pathogenesis of basophil-mediated allergic diseases.
Targeting of antiviral drugs bound to protein carriers. (1988)

The value of antiviral drugs would be improved by their selective delivery into infected cells. This goal can be achieved by conjugating the drug to a protein which is taken up specifically by the cells where the virus grows. Conjugates will be pharmacologically effective in these cells if the bond linking the drug to the carrier does not suppress the activity of the drug or if the bond is broken down with consequent intracellular release of the drug. Experiments on this approach to antiviral chemotherapy have been directed mainly at selectively delivering antiviral agents into hepatocytes in order to increase their chemotherapeutic index in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.
A 256K-Bit Non-volatile PSRAM With Pace Recall And Chip Store (1991)

This paper descibes a 32k x 8 Non-Volatile Pesudo-SRAM (NVPSRAM) which combines an EEPROM and a DRAM within the same memory cell structure using 3 transistors and 1 capacitor. This 5 volt only NVPSRAM operates as a pseudo-SRAM, and achieves more than 10 store cycle endurance and typical access time of 50 ns using a loose 0.8μm design rule, triple poly, single metal, n-well CMOS process technology.
A 1.9 GHz single-chip RF front-end GaAs MMIC with low-distortion cascode FET mixer for personal handy-phone system terminals (1998)

This paper describes new single-chip RF front-end GaAs MMIC for 1.9 GHz Japanese PHS handheld terminals. The IC consists of a high power amplifier, a T/R switch, a low noise amplifier, a newly developed low distortion cascode FET mixer and a negative voltage generator for FET gate bias voltage. The IC has high performance as RF front-end for terminals.
Two Large-Pore Metal–Organic Frameworks Derived from a Single Polytopic Strut (2012)

Two noninterpenetrated MOFs with strikingly different structures, NU-108-Cu and NU-108-Zn, were prepared from a single hexa-carboxylated ligand. NU-108-Cu contains paddlewheel-coordinated copper ions as nodes and is based on a 3,24 network associated with an inherently noncatenating rht-topology. Modifications introduced in the hexa-carboxylated struts (uniquely placed phenyl spacers) lead to substantial changes in pore sizes, relative to those found in other MOFs based on 3,24 networks and paddlewheel-coordinated copper ions. NU-108-Zn features a new net based on (3,3,6)-connecter and octadehral Zn4O nodes in which all struts lie in a–b planes.
Inhibitory receptors as targets for cancer immunotherapy (2015)

Inhibitory receptors expressed on T cells control immune responses while limiting autoimmunity. However, tumors can hijack these "checkpoints" for protection from immune attack. Tumor-specific T cells that exhibit an exhausted, unresponsive phenotype express high levels of inhibitory receptors including CTLA4, PD1, and LAG3, among others. Intratumoral regulatory T cells promote immunosuppression and also express multiple inhibitory receptors. Overcoming this inhibitory receptor-mediated immune tolerance has thus been a major focus of recent cancer immunotherapeutic developments. Here, we review how boosting the host's immune system by blocking inhibitory receptor signaling with antagonistic mAbs restores the capacity of T cells to drive durable antitumor immune responses. Clinical trials targeting the CTLA4 and PD1 pathways have shown durable effects in multiple tumor types. Many combinatorial therapies are currently being investigated with encouraging results that highlight enhanced antitumor immunogenicity and improved patient survival. Finally, we will discuss the ongoing identification and dissection of novel T-cell inhibitory receptor pathways, which could lead to the development of new combinatorial therapeutic approaches.