gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suppression of the tumorigenic growth of Burkitt's lymphoma cells in immunodeficient mice by cytokine gene transfer using EBV-derived episomal expression vectors (2000)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-based expression vectors were tested for cytokine gene transfer-mediated induction of an immune response against human lymphoma cells. These vectors express the EBV latent gene EBNA 1 and carry the EBV latent origin of replication (ori P) for episomal replication in transfected cells. In addition, 3 human immunoglobulin light chain enhancer elements augment expression in B-cells. The suitability of these vectors for expression of cytokine genes in human lymphoma cells in vitro has been demonstrated. In order to extend these experiments in vivo, highly tumorigenic Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cells were transfected with different cytokine genes of human and murine origin cloned into the EBNA 1/ori P vectors. Tumorigenicity of the transfectants was measured after inoculation into nude mice. No effect on tumorigenicity was observed after hIL 6 transfection and an inconsistent effect after hTNFα transfection. In contrast, complete suppression of tumor outgrowth occurred in hIL 10 transfectants. This tumor suppressive effect, however, was restricted to the IL 10 transfectants themselves and not directed against non-transfected cells. By comparison, mIL 4 transfected BL cells also were non-tumorigenic. However, co-inoculation of mIL 4 transfected and non transfected cells resulted in suppression of the tumorigenicity of the non-transfected cells. Thus, highly tumorigenic BL cells in nude mice are sensitive to immune effector mechanisms triggered by cytokine expression. In this experimental model, EBNA 1/ori P expression vectors are a suitable tool for cytokine gene transfer mediated induction of an anti-lymphoma immune response of the host. Int. J. Cancer 86:301–306, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Survey of the preparation, purity, and availability of silanes (1983)

Silane and disilane are currently available as prepared for the semiconductor market. Published or public information on preparative methods for monosilane and higher silanes are discussed. Purification techniques are reviewed. Data from current silane suppliers are tabulated. A short review of the silanes in Japan is given. Analytical procedures are not now perfected to determine group 3 or 5 elements in silane. All commercial silanes contain certain impurities. There is no simple one step purification technique for silane which a user could easily operate. Typical and actual analyses of commercial silane are given. Disilane is still in the development stage with only small quantities available at very high prices. The silane process developed in part under the DOE/JPL Flat Plate Solar Array project by Union Carbide is summarized. Higher purity silanes are now appearing on the market. These should be useful in the photovoltaic area.
The impact of developmental stage, route of administration and the immune system on adenovirus-mediated gene transfer. (1994)

Important aspects of successful adenovirus gene transfer include the amount and persistence of gene expression, the ability to readminister virus and the localization of virus-directed gene expression to target organs. Our objective in this study was to use a single recombinant adenovirus bearing a quantifiable reporter gene [chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT)] to establish the parameters which define the limits of adenovirus gene expression in a rat model. First, we determined how the route of virus administration affected the amount, duration and distribution of expression in different tissues and in rats of different developmental stages. All routes resulted in infection of all tissues tested. Surprisingly, the most efficient and widespread gene transfer was achieved by intracardiac muscle injection. The high levels of CAT protein that can be produced in a liver (< or = 1.7 mg) or a heart (< or = 196 micrograms) 5 days after infection suggest that the amount of gene product will not be a limitation in the use of adenovirus. Following peak activity at 5 days after infection, a gradual decline of CAT expression was observed in all tissues assayed; by 80 days neither CAT activity nor adenovirus DNA were detectable. In addition, adults could not be boosted by a second administration of virus, presumably due to the presence of high levels of neutralizing antibodies. The limited persistence of gene expression could be circumvented when virus was injected into neonates. Blocking T lymphocyte expansion by cyclosporine enhanced the persistence of CAT gene product over a 25-day period in heart and lung but not in liver compared with control animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A new tumor-rejection antigen recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes infiltrating into a lung adenocarcinoma. (2000)

Lung cancer is the most commonly occurring malignancy worldwide and one of the few that continues to show an increasing incidence. To understand the molecular basis of host immunity against lung cancer, we investigated tumor antigens recognized by HLA-A24-restricted CTLs established from T cells infiltrating into lung adenocarcinoma and report a new gene coding for antigens recognized by the CTLs. The mRNA of this gene was expressed at different levels in all of the malignant cells tested (high in adenocarcinomas and gliomas and low in esophageal cancers and malignant hematological disease). It was also expressed at the different levels in each of a panel of normal tissues (high in the thymus, low in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and lowest in the stomach, small intestine, and skeletal muscle). This gene encodes a Mr 60,000 nuclear protein with 414 deduced amino acids. The three peptides at positions 158-165, 170-179, and 188-196 were recognized by the CTLs. One peptide at position 188-196 had the ability to induce HLA-A24-restricted and tumor-specific CTLs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of lung cancer patients. These CTLs, however, did not lyse HLA-A24+ PHA-activated T cells in which the mRNA of this gene was highly expressed, even in the presence of excess amounts of a corresponding peptide in culture. These results suggest that this gene product and peptide could be applicable to specific immunotherapy of lung cancer patients.
A towards an extended relational algebra for software architecture (2010)

Software architecture is often structured as box-and-arrow graphs and has important implications for system development and maintenance. We propose an extended relational algebra to support presentation and manipulation of both architectural structures and implications. The core structure of this algebra is the extended architectural relation (EAR). An EAR is a mapping from an architectural relation (AR) to a multi-set of attributes (M), where the AR is an ordinary relation representing an architectural structure, and the M represents a multi-set representing a type of architectural implication. A set of EAR operations is then defined to support EAR manipulations. The main advantage of this extended algebra over ordinary relational algebras is that the architectural implications (the M part) are presented and manipulated together with the architectural structures (the AR part). This paper first discusses why we propose the algebra, then briefly introduces what the algebra is, and finally describes how to use the algebra in a real scenario.
Characterization of Helicobacter pylori α1,2‐Fucosyltransferase for Enzymatic Synthesis of Tumor‐Associated Antigens (2008)

Abstract The α1,2‐fucosyltransferase (α1,2‐FucT) from Helicobacter pylori catalyzes the fucosylation of acceptor oligosaccharides at the C2‐OH of terminal Galβ units. The enzyme from strain NCTC11639 was evaluated for its ability to synthesize cancer‐associated antigens. The α1,2‐FucT was determined to be active over a pH range between 4.0 and 8.0 with the optimum occurring at pH 5.0. Although a divalent metal ion cofactor was not required for catalysis, enhancement of the enzyme activity was detected upon supplement with Mn 2+ . Detailed substrate specificity analysis revealed that α1,2‐FucT can catalyze the fucosylation of a wide variety of oligosaccharide substrates. The α1,2‐FucT preferentially fucosylated type 1 structure (Galβ1‐3GlcNAc)‐containing glycans over type 2 structure (Galβ1‐4GlcNAc)‐containing glycans. The Lewis a trisaccharide [Galβ1‐3(Fucα1‐4)GlcNAc] was found to be the best acceptor. The only exception was that the Lewis x pentasaccharide LNFP III [Galβ1‐4(Fucα1‐3)GlcNAcβ1‐3Galβ1‐4Glc] was favored over the Lewis a analogue LNFP II [Galβ1‐3(Fucα1‐4)GlcNAcβ1‐3Galβ1‐4Glc]. Furthermore, the enzyme exhibited high levels of fucosylation with the type 3/4 disaccharide (Galβ1‐3GalNAc). Enzymatic hydrolysis of the donor substrate, guanosine‐5′‐diphospho‐β‐ L ‐fucose (GDP‐fucose), could be observed in the absence of oligosaccharide substrate. This hydrolysis was completely shifted to an efficient fucosyl transfer in the presence of a substrate sugar. Finally, the H. pylori α1,2‐FucT was successfully used in combination with its α1,3‐FucT counterpart to synthesize the Lewis y tetrasaccharide [Fucα1‐2Galβ1‐4(Fucα1‐3)GlcNAc] from LacNAc (Galβ1‐4GlcNAc) in a milligram scale one‐pot reaction.
「ワシントン・コンセンサス」の諸問題とその克服への道--中南米における「ポスト・ワシントン・コンセンサス」の適用をめぐって (2007)

本稿の目的は，「ワシントン・コンセンサス」をベースとした１９９０年代のIMF・世銀による途上国に対する政策が，１９９０年代後半の厳しい批判によってどのように修正されたのか，またその修正された政策は開発途上諸国の希望する改革と矛盾せず，すり合わせが可能であるのかを検討することである。本稿では，検討の対象としてラテンアメリカの国々を選んだ。IMF・世銀が，１９８０年代末から１９９０年代前半にかけてラテンアメリカをはじめとする開発途上諸国に対して要求した「新自由主義」に基づく政策の思想的ベースは「ワシントン・コンセンサス」と呼ばれる。西側政府機関，民間金融機関も初めはこの方針と共同歩調をとったが，１９９０年代後半からこの政策の問題点が頻繁に指摘されるようになった。現在，開発途上諸国では，自由化による経済成長戦略より，貧困問題などの社会問題をより重視する傾向が強まってきている。この傾向に沿ってIMF・世銀はその政策を柔軟に変化させようとしている。こうした潮流の変化の中で，IMF・世銀は「ワシントン・コンセンサス」の問題点を修正しながら開発途上諸国支援を続け，一定の成果を修めてきている。一方で，開発途上諸国においても新しいコンセンサスや経済の仕組みが提示されている。本稿では，このようなIMF・世銀内外で活発化している「ワシントン・コンセンサス」後の新しい改革を模索する動き全体を「ポスト・ワシントン・コンセンサス」と称することにする。本稿では，まずはじめに「ワシントン・コンセンサス」が形成された背景を簡単にまとめる。次に，IMF・世銀の政策変化，IMF・世銀の政策に対する批判を検討する。そして，「ワシントン・コンセンサス」に対するオルタナティブとしての性格を持つ中南米における経済再生プログラムを整理・分析し，これらが理念的・政策的にIMF・世銀の政策と対立するものなのか，または相互補完的な性格を持つものなのかを考察する。
Movie muddle (2004)

In his article "Physics in the movies"(June p52), Chris Holt bemoans the number of scientific errors in films. Some years ago, irritated by the number of science-fiction writers who get their physics wrong, I wrote to about 70 of them, offering to check their work (for a small fee) and to correct the physics. Only one author expressed a vague interest and the rest never replied. My business never got going and science-fiction authors still get their physics wrong.
Genome‐wide identification of genes required for growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under ethanol stress (2006)

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae deletion collection was screened for impaired growth on glucose-based complex medium containing 6% ethanol. Forty-six mutants were found. Genes encoding proteins involved in vacuolar function, the cell integrity pathway, mitochondrial function, subunits of the co-chaperone complex GimC and components of the SAGA transcription factor complex were in this way found to be important for the growth of wild-type Saccharomyces yeast in the presence of ethanol. Several mutants were also sensitive to Calcofluor white (14 mutants), sorbic acid (9), increased temperature (5) and NaCl (3). The transcription factors Msn2p and Ars1p, tagged with green fluorescent protein, were translocated to the nucleus upon ethanol stress. Only one of the genes that contain STRE elements in the promoter was important under ethanol stress; this was TPS1, encoding trehalose 6-phosphate synthase. The map kinase of the cell integrity pathway, Slt2p, was phosphorylated when cells were treated with 6% ethanol. Two out of three mutants tested fermented 20% glucose more slowly than the wild-type.
Expression of Escherichia coli Antigens in Salmonella typhimurium as a Vaccine to Prevent Airsacculitis in Chickens (2004)

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strains are associated with a variety of extraintestinal poultry diseases, including airsacculitis, colisepticemia, and cellulitis. A number of E. coli serotypes are associated with these diseases, although the most prevalent serotype is O78. Fimbrial proteins expressed by these strains appear to be important virulence factors, including type 1 fimbriae, P fimbriae, and curli. We have been working to develop an effective vaccine to protect chickens against these diseases. We have previously shown that an attenuated Salmonella typhimurium strain expressing O78 lipopolysaccharide provides protection against challenge with an O78 avian pathogenic E. coli strain. In this work, we have constructed an attenuated S. typhimurium that expresses both the O78 lipopolysaccharide and E. coli-derived type 1 fimbriae. In these studies, chickens were vaccinated at day of hatch and again at 2 wk of age. Birds were challenged at 4 wk of age. We found that the vaccine candidate provided significant protection against airsacculitis as compared to untreated controls or birds vaccinated with an attenuated S. typhimurium that did not express any E. coli antigens. In a separate experiment, challenged vaccinates showed significant weight gain compared to challenged nonvaccinates. We were not able to demonstrate protection against E. coli O1 or O2 serotype challenge, nor against challenge with wild-type S. typhimurium.
CINEMA-MX: a modular multiple alignment editor (2002)

The program and full source code, which are available from http://www.bioinf.man.ac.uk/dbbrowser/cinema-mx, are being released under a combination of the LGPL and GPL, for Unix or Windows platforms.
Mechanism of major congener formation in alcoholic grain fermentations (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of major congener formation in alcoholic grain fermentationsGeorge. Reazin, Harry. Scales, and Arthur. AndreasenCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1970, 18, 4, 585–589Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60170a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60170a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views264Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Spatial Requirements for 15-(R)-Hydroxy-5Z,8Z,11Z,13E-eicosatetraenoic Acid Synthesis within the Cyclooxygenase Active Site of Murine COX-2 (2000)

The two isoforms of cyclooxygenase, COX-1 and COX-2, are acetylated by aspirin at Ser-530 and Ser-516, respectively, in the cyclooxygenase active site. Acetylated COX-2 is essentially a lipoxygenase, making 15-(R)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) and 11-(R)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (11-HETE), whereas acetylated COX-1 is unable to oxidize arachidonic acid to any products. Because the COX isoforms are structurally similar and share approximately 60% amino acid identity, we postulated that differences within the cyclooxygenase active sites must account for the inability of acetylated COX-1 to make 11- and 15-HETE. Residues Val-434, Arg-513, and Val-523 were predicted by comparison of the COX-1 and -2 crystal structures to account for spatial and flexibility differences observed between the COX isoforms. Site-directed mutagenesis of Val-434, Arg-513, and Val-523 in mouse COX-2 to their COX-1 equivalents resulted in abrogation of 11- and 15-HETE production after aspirin treatment, confirming the hypothesis that these residues are the major isoform selectivity determinants regulating HETE production. The ability of aspirin-treated R513H mCOX-2 to make 15-HETE, although in reduced amounts, indicates that this residue is not an alternate binding site for the carboxylate of arachidonate and that it is not the only specificity determinant regulating HETE production. Further experiments were undertaken to ascertain whether the steric bulk imparted by the acetyl moiety on Ser-530 prevented the omega-end of arachidonic acid from binding within the top channel cavity in mCOX-2. Site-directed mutagenesis was performed to change Val-228, which resides at the junction of the main cyclooxygenase channel and the top channel, and Gly-533, which is in the top channel. Both V228F and G533A produced wild type-like product profiles, but, upon acetylation, neither was able to make HETE products. This suggests that arachidonic acid orientates in a L-shaped binding configuration in the production of both prostaglandin and HETE products.
Fully depleted 30-V-class thin-film SOI power MOSFET (2002)

A fully depleted 30-V-class thin-film SOI power MOSFET has been fabricated by the 1.0-/spl mu/m-rule CMOS/SOI process using a SIMOX substrate. Its electrical characteristics were successfully demonstrated and the impact of the buried oxide thickness on the various electrical characteristics were discussed based on experimental and numerical results. The minimum specific on-resistance of the fabricated device was 66 m/spl Omega//spl middot/mm/sup 2/ at a breakdown voltage of 32 V.
Triboluminescent damage sensors (1999)

Currently, there are no simple sensing techniques for determining in real-time both the severity and location of structural damage in a composite caused by a dynamic impact event. Materials are known which emit light when they are fractured. This fracture-induced light emission is known as triboluminescence. A triboluminescent material embedded in, or attached on, a composite structure could act as a real-time damage sensor. The occurrence and severity of the damage is given by the intensity of the resulting triboluminescent light. Since the triboluminescent light emission is fracture-initiated, no signal would be generated by a triboluminescent sensor until damage occurred. Hence no false alarms are generated by this type of sensor. An array of triboluminescent sensors may allow real-time damage location monitoring simply by determining the wavelength of the emitted light. We have developed a series of highly efficient triboluminescent materials with sufficient thermal and chemical properties to allow doping into composites. We report a series of proof-of-principle experiments with these materials which strongly support the potential of triboluminescent sensors to monitor in real-time both the magnitude and location of structural damage.
Neuroprotection by Aspirin and Sodium Salicylate Through Blockade of NF-κB Activation (1996)

Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is a commonly prescribed drug with a wide pharmacological spectrum. At concentrations compatible with amounts in plasma during chronic anti-inflammatory therapy, acetylsalicylic acid and its metabolite sodium salicylate were found to be protective against neurotoxicity elicited by the excitatory amino acid glutamate in rat primary neuronal cultures and hippocampal slices. The site of action of the drugs appeared to be downstream of glutamate receptors and to involve specific inhibition of glutamate-mediated induction of nuclear factor kappa B. These results may contribute to the emerging theme of anti-inflammatory drugs and neurodegeneration.
Calculation of pull-in voltages for carbon-nanotube-based nanoelectromechanical switches (2002)

We study the pull-in voltage characteristics of several nanotube electromechanical switches, such as double-wall carbon nanotubes suspended over a graphitic ground electrode. We propose parametrized continuum models for three coupled energy domains: the elastostatic energy domain, the electrostatic energy domain and the van der Waals energy domain. We compare the accuracy of the continuum models with atomistic simulations. Numerical simulations based on continuum models closely match the experimental data reported for carbon-nanotube-based nanotweezers. An analytical expression, based on a lumped model, is derived to compute the pull-in voltage of cantilever and fixed-fixed switches. We investigate the significance of van der Waals interactions in the design of nanoelectromechanical switches.
Satellite Geodesy (2003)

This book covers the entire field of satellite geodesy and is intended to serve as a textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, as well as a reference for professionals and scientists in the fields of engineering and geosciences such as geodesy, surveying engineering, geomatics, geography, navigation, geophysics and oceanography. The text provides a systematic overview of fundamentals including reference systems, time, signal propagation and satellite orbits, together with observation methods such as satellite laser ranging, satellite altimetry, gravity field missions, very long baseline interferometry, Doppler techniques, and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). Particular emphasis is given to positioning techniques, such as the NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS), and to applications. Numerous examples are included which refer to recent results in the fields of global and regional control networks; gravity field modeling; Earth rotation and global reference frames; crustal motion monitoring; cadastral and engineering surveying; geoinformation systems; land, air, and marine navigation; marine and glacial geodesy; and photogrammetry and remote sensing. This book will be an indispensable source of information for all concerned with satellite geodesy and its applications, in particular for spatial referencing, geoinformation, navigation, geodynamics, and operational positioning.
Recombination-mediated PCR-directed plasmid construction in vivo in yeast (1997)

We have extended the technique of PCR-directed recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to develop a simple method for plasmid or gene construction in the absence of suitable restriction sites. The DNA to be cloned is PCR-amplified with 30-40 bp of homology to a linearized yeast plasmid. Co-transformation into yeast results in homologous recombination at a position directed by the PCR oligonucleotides.