gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accessing information on demand at any location. Mobile information access (1996)

As users become more dependent on the ability to access information on demand at any location, the span of access of data repositories will have to grow. The increasing social acceptance of the home or any other location as a place of work is a further impetus to the development of mechanisms for mobile information access. These considerations imply that data from shared file systems, relational databases, object-oriented databases, and other repositories must be accessible to programs running on mobile computers. For example, a technician servicing a jet engine on a parked aircraft needs access to engineering details of that model of engine as well as past repair records of that specific engine. Similarly, a businessman who is continuing his work on the train home from Manhattan needs access to his business records. Yet another example involves emergency medical response to a case of poisoning: the responding personnel will need rapid access to medical databases describing poison symptoms and antidotes, as well as access to the specific patient's medical records to determine drug sensitivity. This article is a status report on the work being done toward meeting such challenges. It begins by describing a scenario that offers a tantalizing glimpse of the power of mobile information access. The major obstacles on the path toward this vision are then examined. It also includes a summary of research on overcoming these obstacles in the context of the Coda and Odyssey systems.
Glycosylation and processing of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope protein. (1989)

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope protein is synthesized as a gp160 precursor that is cleaved to a 120 kDa exterior glycoprotein (gp120) and a 41 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein (gp41). The HIV-1 envelope protein was stably expressed under the control of the transactivator proteins tat and rev, in wild-type and mutant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The mutant, ldlD, is conditionally defective for the addition of galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine to oligosaccharide chains. The effects of glycosylation modification on the HIV-1 envelope's structure and function were examined. The effects of galactosylation on the structure of the envelope proteins suggest that cleavage of the gp160 precursor into gp120 and gp41 occurs intracellularly, apparently concurrent with the addition of galactose to N-linked oligosaccharides of the envelope proteins. No evidence for O-linked glycosylation of the envelope proteins in CHO cells was observed. The envelope protein in the transfected hamster cells mediated the fusion of these cells with CD4-positive lymphocytes, and this fusogenic activity was independent of the addition of either galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine to oligosaccharides in the transfected cells.
11C-3 Sonorheometry: A New Method for Assessing Coagulation Potential (2007)

Inappropriate blood coagulation is a significant contributing factor in the onset of potentially fatal thrombotic events such as myocardial infarction, stroke, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and pulmonary embolism (PE). The ability to recognize and quantify thrombotic disorders is thus critical to implement appropriate treatment. We have developed a novel technique, called sonorheometry, which can identify an increased or decreased propensity to clot by observing the coagulation rate and mechanical characteristics of the developing clot. Sonorheometry utilizes acoustic radiation force with ultrasound motion tracking. We have designed and fabricated a sonorheometry system which is controlled by an external laptop computer. In the experiments presented in this paper, we analyzed blood samples of 1ml using a 10 MHz, fixed focus transducer at a PRF of 400 Hz. Measurements were performed every 6 sec for 7 min after blood was drawn. Returning echoes were processed using a spline-based tracking method to determine the time dependent deformations induced by the application of the force. These deformations were modeled using two Voigt models in series with added inertia to generate data depicting various mechanical properties. We present time displacement curves that show maximum displacements of 40 mum; detectable displacements decrease as the blood clots. We also show the viscoelastic parameters obtained from the model. These results show that sonorheometry could be used to assess coagulation potential.
Somatic hypermutation of human immunoglobulin heavy chain genes: targeting of RGYW motifs on both DNA strands (1998)

The impact of the somatic hypermutational machinery was examined by analyzing the frequency and distribution of mutations in nonproductive V(H)DJ(H) rearrangements obtained from individual human peripheral B cells. A strong bias toward nucleotide substitutions within the quadruplet motif RGYW was observed. In addition, there was a comparably increased frequency of mutations of the inverse repeat of RGYW, WRCY. Together, mutations of RGYW/WRCY accounted for 37% of all nucleotide substitutions. No significant strand polarity of the distribution of mutations was evident when nucleotide substitutions of highly mutated quartets and triplets as well as of their inverse repeats were analyzed. Furthermore, detailed analysis of mutations of specific triplets, such as AGC and TAC provided evidence that they were mutated more frequently when they were included within RGYW and WRCY, respectively. Despite being a target of the mutational machinery, neither RGYW nor WRCY was mutated in the absence of a large number of substitutions of other nucleotides in the same sequence. These results indicate that the mutational machinery targets RGYW sequences for mutations on either DNA strand and do not support the contention that the mutational machinery exhibits DNA strand polarity.
Step and flash imprint lithography: a new approach to high-resolution patterning (1999)

An alternative approach to lithography is being developed based on a dual-layer imprint scheme. This process has the potential to become a high-throughput means of producing high aspect ratio, high-resolution patterns without projection optics. In this process, a template is created on a standard mask blank by using the patterned chromium as an etch mask to produce high-resolution relief images in the quartz. The etched template and a substrate that has been coated with an organic planarization layer are brought into close proximity. A low-viscosity, photopolymerizable formulation containing organosilicon precursors is introduced into the gap between the two surfaces. The template is then brought into contact with the substrate. The solution that is trapped in the relief structures of the template is photopolymerized by exposure through the backside of the quartz template. The template is separated from the substrate, leaving a UV-curved replica of the relief structure on the planarization layer. Features smaller than 60 nm in size have been reliably produced using this imprinting process. The resolution silicon polymer images are transferred through the planarization layer by anisotropic oxygen reactive ion etching. This paper provides a progress report on our efforts to evaluate the potential of this process.
GMRES: A Generalized Minimal Residual Algorithm for Solving Nonsymmetric Linear Systems (1986)

We present an iterative method for solving linear systems, which has the property of minimizing at every step the norm of the residual vector over a Krylov subspace. The algorithm is derived from the Arnoldi process for constructing an $l_2 $-orthogonal basis of Krylov subspaces. It can be considered as a generalization of Paige and Saunders’ MINRES algorithm and is theoretically equivalent to the Generalized Conjugate Residual (GCR) method and to ORTHODIR. The new algorithm presents several advantages over GCR and ORTHODIR.
Photoreactive Organic Thin Films (2002)

Part A - Photoisomerization and Photo-Orientation of Azobenzenes 1. Photoisomerization of Benzenes 2. Ultrafast Dynamics in the Excited States of Azo Compounds 3. Photo-Orientation by Photoisomerization Part B - Photoisomerization in Organic Thin Films 4. Photoisomerization and Photo-orientation of Azo Dye in Films of Polymer: Molecualr Interaction, Free Volume, and Polymer Structural Effects 5. Chrial Polymers with Photoaffected Phase Behavior for Optical Data Storage 6. Photoisomerization in Langmuir-Blodget-Kuhn Structures 7. Electronic and Optical Transduction of Photoisomerization Processes at Molecualr - and Bimolecular-Functionalized Surfaces Part C - Photochemistry and Organic Nonlinear Optics 8. Photoisomerization Effects in Organic Nonlinear Optics: Photo-Assisted Poling and Depoling and Polarizability Switching 9. Photoisomerization in Polymer Films in the Presence of Electrostatic and Optical Fields 10. Photoassisted Poling and Photoswitching of NLO Properties of Spiropyrans and other Photochromic Molecules in Polymers and Crystals 11. All Optical Poling in Polymers and Applications 12. Photoinduced Third Order Nonlinear Optical Phenomena in Azo-Dye Polymers Part D - Optical Manipulation and Memory 13. Photoinduced Motions in Azobenzene-Based Polymers 14. Surface Relief Gratings on Azobenzene-Containing Films 15. Dynamic Photocontrols of Molecular Organization and Motion of Materials by Two-Dimensionally Arranged Azobenzene Assemblies 16. 3-D Data Storage and Near Field Recording 17. Synthesis and Applications of Amorphous Diarylethenes Index
Electric treatment of human melanoma skin lesions with low level direct electric current: an assessment of clinical experience following a preliminary study in five patients. (1994)

In this study we have investigated the effects of negative low level direct electric current electrotherapy (current: 1 milliampere; treatment time: 30 minutes) in metastatic or primary melanoma skin lesions. After 12 applications in five patients, tumour regression was observed in all evaluable melanoma skin lesions; four of them were classified as partial responses. This study shows that locally applied electrotherapy with a negative low level direct electric current is an effective treatment that results in reduction of tumour mass of human melanoma skin lesions, and it is possible that it has a positive influence on the course of the metastatically disseminated melanoma. No serious side effects were observed.
The capacity of wireless networks (2000)

When n identical randomly located nodes, each capable of transmitting at W bits per second and using a fixed range, form a wireless network, the throughput /spl lambda/(n) obtainable by each node for a randomly chosen destination is /spl Theta/(W//spl radic/(nlogn)) bits per second under a noninterference protocol. If the nodes are optimally placed in a disk of unit area, traffic patterns are optimally assigned, and each transmission's range is optimally chosen, the bit-distance product that can be transported by the network per second is /spl Theta/(W/spl radic/An) bit-meters per second. Thus even under optimal circumstances, the throughput is only /spl Theta/(W//spl radic/n) bits per second for each node for a destination nonvanishingly far away. Similar results also hold under an alternate physical model where a required signal-to-interference ratio is specified for successful receptions. Fundamentally, it is the need for every node all over the domain to share whatever portion of the channel it is utilizing with nodes in its local neighborhood that is the reason for the constriction in capacity. Splitting the channel into several subchannels does not change any of the results. Some implications may be worth considering by designers. Since the throughput furnished to each user diminishes to zero as the number of users is increased, perhaps networks connecting smaller numbers of users, or featuring connections mostly with nearby neighbors, may be more likely to be find acceptance.
Mutations and Polymorphisms in the familial early-onset breast cancer (BRCA1) gene (1996)

Mutations in the familial early-onset breast cancer gene (BRCA1) account for approximately 2-5% of all breast cancer cases (Easton et al., 1993). Since the isolation of the BRCA1 gene in 1994, many mutations have been identified. We report here a total of 254 BRCA1 mutations, 132 (52%) of which are unique. These represent mutations entered into a database established by the Breast Cancer Information Core (BIC), which have appeared in the literature or have been submitted by BIC members and other contributors prior to publication. A total of 221 (87%) of all mutations or 107 (81%) of the unique mutations are small deletions, insertions, nonsense point mutations, splice variants, and regulatory mutations that result in truncation or absence of the BRCA1 protein. A total of 11 disease-associated missense mutations (5 unique), and 21 variants (19 unique) as yet unclassified as either missense mutations or polymorphisms have been detected. Thirty-five independent benign polymorphisms are also described. The most common mutations are 185delAG and 5382insC, which account for 30 (11.7%) and 26 (10.1%), respectively, of all mutations shown. The biological and clinical relevance of these BRCA1 mutations is discussed.
Hyaluronic acid of human skin and post-burn scar: heterogeneity in primary structure and molecular weight. (1992)

Hyaluronic acid (HA) was isolated from the dermis and epidermis of normal human skin and from normal and hypertrophic scar tissue, and the molecular properties of this polysaccharide were studied by circular dichroism (CD) and high performance liquid chromatography. The molecular weights of HA of normal skin and post-burn scar tissue range from 62,000 to 180,000. Hexosamine analysis showed no galactosamine contamination and 0.37 to 2.2 w/w% of protein in the HA sample. Uronic acid analysis suggests a heterogeneous distribution of glucuronic and iduronic acids. The CD profiles of these samples are similar, indicating no significant conformational variations among them. These data suggest that the variation in the molecular properties of HA between skin and scar tissue may be due to diversity of embryonic origin between epidermis HA and dermis HA, and to the diversity of the wound-healing process between normal scar HA and hypertrophic scar HA.
The effect of three-dimensional structure of extracellular matrix on cellular functions including response to growth factors. (1992)

解 説細胞外基 質の三 次元構造 と細胞応答性 東
Identification of Alverine and Benfluorex as HNF4α Activators (2013)

The principal finding of this study is that two drugs, alverine and benfluorex, used in vastly different clinical settings, activated the nuclear receptor transcription factor HNF4α. Both were hits in a high-throughput screen for compounds that reversed the inhibitory effect of the fatty acid palmitate on human insulin promoter activity. Alverine is used in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, while benfluorex (Mediator) was used to treat hyperlipidemia and type II diabetes. Benfluorex was withdrawn from the market recently because of serious cardiovascular side effects related to fenfluramine-like activity. Strikingly, alverine and benfluorex have a previously unrecognized structural similarity, consistent with a common mechanism of action. Gene expression and biochemical studies revealed that they both activate HNF4α. This novel mechanism of action should lead to a reinterpretation of previous studies with these drugs and suggests a path toward the development of therapies for diseases such as inflammatory bowel and diabetes that may respond to HNF4α activators.
<title>3D resolution gray-tone lithography</title> (2000)

With the conventional micro machining technologies: isotropic and anisotropic, dry and wet etching, a few shapes can be done. To overcome this limitation, both binary multi- tasking technique or direct EB writing were used, but an inexpensive one-step UV-lithographic method, using a so- called 'gray-tone reticle', seems to be the best choice to produce local intensity modulation during exposure process. Although, by using this method and common technologies in standard IC fabrication it is easy to obtain an arbitrarily 3D shaping of positive thick resists, there are some limitations, too. The maximum number of gray-levels, on projection reticle, achieved by e-beam writing, are only 200. Also, for very thick resists, the limited focus depth of the projection objective gives a poor lateral resolution. These are the reasons why the author prose da new approach to enhance the 3D resolution of gray-tone lithography applied for thick resist. By a high resolution, both for vertical direction, as well as for horizontal direction. Particular emphasis was put on the design, manufacturing and use of halftone transmission masks, required for UV- lithographic step in the fabrication process of mechanical, optical or electronics components. The original design and fabrication method for the gray-tone test reticle were supported by experiments showing the main advantage of this new technology: the 3D structuring of thick resist in a single exposure step and also a very promising aspect ratio obtained of over 9:1. Preliminary experimental results are presented for positive thick resists in SEM micrographs. A future optimization of the lithographic process opens interesting perspectives for application of this high 3D resolution structuring method in the fabrication process of different products, with imposed complex smooth profiles, such as: x-ray LiGA-masks, refractive optics and surface- relief DOEs.
Fusion4D (2016)

We contribute a new pipeline for live multi-view performance capture, generating temporally coherent high-quality reconstructions in real-time. Our algorithm supports both incremental reconstruction, improving the surface estimation over time, as well as parameterizing the nonrigid scene motion. Our approach is highly robust to both large frame-to-frame motion and topology changes, allowing us to reconstruct extremely challenging scenes. We demonstrate advantages over related real-time techniques that either deform an online generated template or continually fuse depth data nonrigidly into a single reference model. Finally, we show geometric reconstruction results on par with offline methods which require orders of magnitude more processing time and many more RGBD cameras.
Simple Penalty-Sensitive Cache Replacement Policies (2008)

Classic cache replacement policies assume that miss costs are uniform. However, the correlation between miss rate and cache performance is not as straightforward as it used to be. Ultimately, the true performance cost of a miss should be its access penalty, i.e. the actual processing bandwidth lost because of the miss. Contrary to loads, the penalty of stores is mostly hidden in modern processors. To take advantage of this observation, we propose a simple scheme to replace load misses by store misses. We extend LRU (Least Recently Used) to reduce the aggregate miss penalty instead of the miss count. The new policy is called PS-LRU (Penalty-Sensitive LRU) and is deployed throughout most of this paper. PS-LRU systematically replaces first a block predicted to be accessed with a store next. This policy minimizes the number of load misses to the detriment of store misses. One key issue in this policy is to predict the next access type to a block, so that higher replacement priority is given to blocks that will be accessed next with a store. We introduce and evaluate various prediction schemes based on instructions and broadly inspired from branch predictors. To guide the design we run extensive trace-driven simulations on eight Spec95 benchmarks with a wide range of cache configurations and observe that PS-LRU yield positive load miss improvements over classic LRU across most the benchmarks and cache configurations. In some cases the improvements are very large. Although the total number of load misses is minimized under our simple policy, the number of store misses and the amount of memory traffic both increase. Moreover store misses are not totally "free". To evaluate this trade-off, we apply DCL and ACL (two previously proposed cost-sensitive LRU policies) to the problem of load/store miss penalty. These algorithms are more competitive than PS-LRU. Both DCL and ACL provide attractive trade-offs in which less load misses are saved than in PS-LRU, but the store miss traffic is reduced.
Optical and scintillation properties of Cs/sub 2/LiYCl/sub 6/:Ce/sup 3+/ and Cs/sub 2/LiYCl/sub 6/:Pr/sup 3+/ crystals (2005)

In this paper we report on the optical and scintillation properties of Cs/sub 2/LiYCl/sub 6/:Ce/sup 3+/ and Cs/sub 2/LiYCl/sub 6/:Pr/sup 3+/ crystals. Crystals of Cs/sub 2/LiYCl/sub 6/ doped with different Ce/sup 3+/ and Pr/sup 3+/ concentrations were grown and studied under optical, X-ray, gamma ray, and thermal neutron excitation. These scintillators exhibit core-valence and self-trapped exciton luminescence in addition to fast emission from Ce/sup 3+/ and Pr/sup 3+/. Efficient thermal neutron detection was observed for both scintillators. The position of the neutron peak in its pulse height spectrum was found at about 5 times the channel number of the position of the gamma peak.
Face and Eye Rectification in Video Conference Using Artificial Neural Network (2005)

The lack of eye contact in video conference degrades the user's experience. This problem has been known and studied for many years. There are hardware-based solutions to the eye gazing problem. However, these specialized systems are not generally accessible. This paper suggests a software approach that rectifies the face and the eyes in video conference, only utilizing one camera. In the setup phase, the view point, the head poses are calculated using 100 frames each from the front view and the above view, with the aids of face detection and eye detection algorithm. The weights of the artificial neural networks (ANN) are then trained. Once the setup is done, for each frame in real time, we apply ANN on the features found with the aid of face detection. The ANN outputs are feed to an image warping algorithm to rectify the face. Rectification of the eyes is done using image warping, based on an eye model. This is done in near real time (13 frames per second, for the resolution of 320times240). The result is not genuine but is better. However, the rectified face jerks when the user's head moves or turns rapidly. The author shall need to investigate more on this issue
Inducible Foxp3 + regulatory T-cell development by a commensal bacterium of the intestinal microbiota (2010)

To maintain intestinal health, the immune system must faithfully respond to antigens from pathogenic microbes while limiting reactions to self-molecules. The gastrointestinal tract represents a unique challenge to the immune system, as it is permanently colonized by a diverse amalgam of bacterial phylotypes producing multitudes of foreign microbial products. Evidence from human and animal studies indicates that inflammatory bowel disease results from uncontrolled inflammation to the intestinal microbiota. However, molecular mechanisms that actively promote mucosal tolerance to the microbiota remain unknown. We report herein that a prominent human commensal, Bacteroides fragilis, directs the development of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) with a unique "inducible" genetic signature. Monocolonization of germ-free animals with B. fragilis increases the suppressive capacity of Tregs and induces anti-inflammatory cytokine production exclusively from Foxp3(+) T cells in the gut. We show that the immunomodulatory molecule, polysaccharide A (PSA), of B. fragilis mediates the conversion of CD4(+) T cells into Foxp3(+) Treg cells that produce IL-10 during commensal colonization. Functional Foxp3(+) Treg cells are also produced by PSA during intestinal inflammation, and Toll-like receptor 2 signaling is required for both Treg induction and IL-10 expression. Most significantly, we show that PSA is not only able to prevent, but also cure experimental colitis in animals. Our results therefore demonstrate that B. fragilis co-opts the Treg lineage differentiation pathway in the gut to actively induce mucosal tolerance.