gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Secure wireless communications: Secret keys through multipath (2008)

Secure wireless communications is a challenging problem due to the shared nature of the wireless medium. Most existing security protocols apply cryptographic techniques for bit scrambling at the application layer by exploiting a shared secret key between pairs of communicating nodes. However, more recent research argues that multipath propagation - a salient feature of wireless channels - provides a physical resource for secure communications. In this context, we propose a protocol that exploits the inherent randomness in multipath wireless channels for generating secret keys through channel estimation and quantization. Our approach is particularly attractive in wideband channels which exhibit a large number of statistically independent degrees of freedom (DoF), thereby enabling the generation of large, more-secure, keys. We show that the resulting keys are distinct for distinct pairwise links with a probability that increases exponentially with the key-size/channel DoF. We also characterize the probability that the two users sharing a common link generate the same key. This characterization is used to analyze the energy consumption in successful acquisition of a secret key by the two users. For a given key size, our results show that there is an optimum transmit power, and an optimum quantization strategy, that minimizes the energy consumption. The proposed approach to secret key generation through channel quantization also obviates the problem of key pre-distribution inherent to many existing cryptographic approaches.
REMISSION IN A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. AMERICAN RHEUMATISM ASSOCIATION PRELIMINARY REMISSION CRITERIA IN RELATION TO THE DISEASE ACTIVITY SCORE (1995)

In a prospective follow-up study of patients with early-onset rheumatoid arthritis, the prevalence of remission according to the 1981 American Rheumatism Association (ARA) preliminary criteria was evaluated. A total of 227 patients with a median follow-up of 3.9 yr and a total of 2832 follow-up visits were studied. The ARA remission criteria were fulfilled in 9.5% of these visits. The percentage of patients with at least one visit fulfilling the ARA criteria was for years 2-6 approximately 25%. Each year, approximately 15% of the patients were in remission for at least two consecutive visits. A comparison was made between the ARA remission criteria and the Disease Activity Score (DAS). DAS < 1.6 corresponded with being in remission according to the ARA criteria. The DAS is being proposed as a tool to define remission because absence of disease activity should be measured using the same method as for higher levels of disease activity, preferably on a continuous scale.
ReNoun: Fact Extraction for Nominal Attributes (2014)

Search engines are increasingly relying on large knowledge bases of facts to provide direct answers to users' queries. However, the construction of these knowledge bases is largely manual and does not scale to the long and heavy tail of facts. Open information extraction tries to address this challenge, but typically assumes that facts are expressed with verb phrases, and therefore has had difficulty extracting facts for noun-based relations.
Investigation into the role of phosphodiesterase IV in bronchorelaxation, including studies with human bronchus (1993)

1. We have investigated the role of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase IV (PDE IV) in the relaxation of human bronchus and guinea-pig trachea in vitro and in guinea-pigs in vivo. 2. Functional studies showed that the selective PDE IV inhibitors, rolipram and denbufylline, relaxed human and guinea-pig preparations in vitro. 3. Two clinically used xanthine non-selective PDE inhibitors, theophylline and pentoxifylline, were also effective in these preparations, but were much less potent than the selective agents used. 4. The rank order of potency for the four PDE inhibitors in both species was similar. 5. Biochemical studies indicated that PDE IV was the major PDE isoform present in the human bronchial tissue. PDEs I, II and V were also identified. 6. Theophylline and pentoxifylline were, as expected, non-selective inhibitors of the human enzymes, but there was a good correlation between PDE IV inhibitory and bronchorelaxation potencies, suggesting that PDE IV inhibition is important for the clinical bronchodilator activities of the two xanthine compounds. 7. We have confirmed the ability of selective PDE IV inhibitors to cause bronchodilatation in guinea-pigs in vivo. 8. We conclude that our study has provided further evidence that selective PDE IV inhibitors could act as bronchodilators in the clinic.
A Multipeptide Vaccine is Safe and Elicits T-cell Responses in Participants With Advanced Stage Ovarian Cancer (2008)

Nine participants with epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal carcinoma, who were human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A1, HLA-A2, or HLA-A3, were eligible to enroll in a phase 1 study designed to assess the safety and immunogenicity of a peptide-based vaccine. Participants received 5 class I major histocompatibility complex-restricted synthetic peptides derived from multiple ovarian cancer-associated proteins plus a class II major histocompatibility complex-restricted synthetic helper peptide derived from tetanus toxoid protein. The vaccines were administered with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor in Montanide ISA-51 adjuvant over a 7-week period. All vaccine-related toxicities were grade 1 to 2, the most common being injection site reaction (grade 2, 100%), fatigue (grade 1, 78%), and headache (grade 1, 67%). Lymphocytes from the peripheral blood and a node draining a secondary vaccine site (sentinel immunized node) were harvested during the course of vaccination and T-cell responses to the peptides were evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay. CD8 T-cell responses were detected in 1 participant ex vivo and in 8 of 9 participants (89%) after in vitro stimulation. All 4 HLA-A2 and HLA-A3-restricted peptides were immunogenic. This includes 2 peptides, folate binding protein (FBP191-199) and Her-2/neu754-762, which had not previously been evaluated in vaccines in humans. Responding T cells required over 200 nM for half-maximal reactivity. These data support continued investigation of these peptides as immunogens for patients with ovarian cancer but, owing to low potency, also suggest a need for additional immunomodulation in combination with vaccines to increase the magnitude and to improve the quality of the T-cell responses.
Two-step immunoscintigraphy for non-small-cell lung cancer staging using a bispecific anti-CEA/anti-indium-DTPA antibody and an indium-111-labeled DTPA dimer. (1997)

Our study confirmed that the two-step method with a bispecific antibody could greatly improve the performances of IS for lung cancer staging.
Eprobe Mediated Real-Time PCR Monitoring and Melting Curve Analysis (2013)

Real-time monitoring of PCR is one of the most important methods for DNA and RNA detection widely used in research and medical diagnostics. Here we describe a new approach for combined real-time PCR monitoring and melting curve analysis using a 3' end-blocked Exciton-Controlled Hybridization-sensitive fluorescent Oligonucleotide (ECHO) called Eprobe. Eprobes contain two dye moieties attached to the same nucleotide and their fluorescent signal is strongly suppressed as single-stranded oligonucleotides by an excitonic interaction between the dyes. Upon hybridization to a complementary DNA strand, the dyes are separated and intercalate into the double-strand leading to strong fluorescence signals. Intercalation of dyes can further stabilize the DNA/DNA hybrid and increase the melting temperature compared to standard DNA oligonucleotides. Eprobes allow for specific real-time monitoring of amplification reactions by hybridizing to the amplicon in a sequence-dependent manner. Similarly, Eprobes allow for analysis of reaction products by melting curve analysis. The function of different Eprobes was studied using the L858R mutation in the human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, and multiplex detection was demonstrated for the human EGFR and KRAS genes using Eprobes with two different dyes. Combining amplification and melting curve analysis in a single-tube reaction provides powerful means for new mutation detection assays. Functioning as "sequence-specific dyes", Eprobes hold great promises for future applications not only in PCR but also as hybridization probes in other applications.
RAGE: a new frontier in chronic airways disease (2012)

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are heterogeneous inflammatory disorders of the respiratory tract characterized by airflow obstruction. It is now clear that the environmental factors that drive airway pathology in asthma and COPD, including allergens, viruses, ozone and cigarette smoke, activate innate immune receptors known as pattern-recognition receptors, either directly or indirectly by causing the release of endogenous ligands. Thus, there is now intense research activity focused around understanding the mechanisms by which pattern-recognition receptors sustain the airway inflammatory response, and how these mechanisms might be targeted therapeutically. One pattern-recognition receptor that has recently come to attention in chronic airways disease is the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). RAGE is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface receptors that recognizes pathogen- and host-derived endogenous ligands to initiate the immune response to tissue injury, infection and inflammation. Although the role of RAGE in lung physiology and pathophysiology is not well understood, recent genome-wide association studies have linked RAGE gene polymorphisms with airflow obstruction. In addition, accumulating data from animal and clinical investigations reveal increased expression of RAGE and its ligands, together with reduced expression of soluble RAGE, an endogenous inhibitor of RAGE signalling, in chronic airways disease. In this review, we discuss recent studies of the ligand-RAGE axis in asthma and COPD, highlight important areas for future research and discuss how this axis might potentially be harnessed for therapeutic benefit in these conditions.
MOCVD of Chalcogenides, Pnictides, and Heterometallic Compounds from Single-Source Molecule Precursors (2000)

The single-source approach to processing materials as thin films by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) started with pioneering works in the late 1970s and early 1980s, and has developed considerably during the late 1980s and the 1990s. The literature contains some review and feature articles dedicated to its application to various types of materials, the most recent ones appearing in the mid 1990s. The present review aims at putting together results obtained for very different materials so as to obtain a comparative view of the different approaches. Faced with the considerable amount of data accumulated over more than twenty years, the scope of this article will be deliberately and arbitrarily limited to those compounds mentioned in the title. Materials consisting of elements from the second row of the periodic table, or binary combinations including one element from the second row, will not be considered here. This article will refer to precursors that have actually been used in MOCVD processes, rather than potential MOCVD sources.
Ethanol Synthesis by Genetic Engineering in Cyanobacteria (1999)

Cyanobacteria are autotrophic prokaryotes which carry out oxygenic photosynthesis and accumulate glycogen as the major form of stored carbon. In this research, we introduced new genes into a cyanobacterium in order to create a novel pathway for fixed carbon utilization which results in the synthesis of ethanol. The coding sequences of pyruvate decarboxylase (pdc) and alcohol dehydrogenase II (adh) from the bacterium Zymomonas mobilis were cloned into the shuttle vector pCB4 and then used to transform the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942. Under control of the promoter from the rbcLS operon encoding the cyanobacterial ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, the pdc and adh genes were expressed at high levels, as demonstrated by Western blotting and enzyme activity analyses. The transformed cyanobacterium synthesized ethanol, which diffused from the cells into the culture medium. As cyanobacteria have simple growth requirements and use light, CO2, and inorganic elements efficiently, production of ethanol by cyanobacteria is a potential system for bioconversion of solar energy and CO2 into a valuable resource.
Determinants that contribute to cytoplasmic stability of human c-fos and beta-globin mRNAs are located at several sites in each mRNA. (1988)

We have analyzed the contributions to cytoplasmic stability in an mRNA species with a very short half-life (human c-fos) and an mRNA species with a very long half-life (human beta-globin). When the human c-fos promoter was used to drive the expression of human c-fos, beta-globin, and chimeric DNAs between c-fos and beta-globin in transfected cells, a pulse of mRNA synthesis was obtained following induction of transcription by refeeding quiescent cells with medium containing 15% calf serum. The mRNA half-life was determined by using Northern (RNA) blot analysis of mRNAs prepared at various times following the pulse of transcription. Under these conditions human c-fos mRNA exhibited a half-life of 6.6 min and human beta-globin mRNA exhibited a half-life of 17.5 h. Replacement of the 3' end of the c-fos mRNA with the 3' end of the beta-globin mRNA increased the half-life of the resultant RNA from 6.6 to 34 min. The reciprocal chimera had a half-life of 34.6 min compared with the 17.5-h half-life of beta-globin mRNA. These results suggest that sequences which make a major contribution to mRNA stability reside in the 3' end of either or both molecules. A chimera in which the 5' untranslated region of globin was replaced by part of the 5' untranslated region of fos led to destabilization of the encoded mRNA. This construct produced an mRNA with a half-life of 6.8 h instead of the 17.5-h half-life of globin. This result suggests that additional determinants of stability reside in the 5' end of these mRNA molecules. Substitution of part of the 5' untranslated region of fos by the 5' untranslated region of beta-globin yielded an mRNA with stability similar to fos mRNA. These results suggest that interactions among sequences within each mRNA contribute to the stability of the respective molecules.
Brevican: a major proteoglycan in adult brain. (1996)

A diverse set of proteoglycans is expressed in the developing and adult brain. This is in stark contrast to the fact that most extracellular matrix components, including fibronectin, laminin, and collagens, are not expressed in adult brain parenchyma. This suggests that proteoglycans may play a major functional role in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in the brain. Brevican is a member of the aggrecan/versican family of proteoglycans, containing a hyaluronic acid-binding domain in its N-terminus and a lectin-like domain in its C-terminus. Brevican has the smallest core protein among this family and is one of the most abundant chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in the adult brain. Expression of brevican is highly specific in the brain and increases as the brain develops. These observations suggest that brevican may play a role in maintaining the extracellular environment of mature brain as a major constituent of the adult brain extracellular matrix.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering on optical material fabricated by femtosecond laser (2010)

Raman spectroscopy is a technology that can detect and distinguish materials based on the materials' Raman scattering. However, the signal produced using this technology is usually too small to be useful. The Raman spectrum signal can be enhanced by creating rough patches on the surface of the material. In this paper, a novel method to produce nanometer-sized features on optical materials such as glass, fused silica, and quartz substrate is presented. Using a femtosecond laser, the transparent materials are sputtered and deposited. When the materials cool down, they produce structures with nano-features. These nano-features on optical materials can make designing optical sensing systems much easier. Scanning electron microscope photos of nano-structures on quartz substrate and optical fiber show that features less than 100 nm in size have been successfully fabricated. The 3D micro- and nano-structures of the sensor were studied using a confocal Raman spectrum microscope and focused ion-beam milling. Raman spectrum signals show that the strength of the signal generated by Raman scattering was greatly enhanced compared to substrates without nano-features.
New myocardial imaging agents: synthesis of 15-(p-iodophenyl)-3-(R,S)-methylpentadecanoic acid by decomposition of a 3,3-(1,5-pentanediyl)triazene precursor (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew myocardial imaging agents: synthesis of 15-(p-iodophenyl)-3-(R,S)-methylpentadecanoic acid by decomposition of a 3,3-(1,5-pentanediyl)triazene precursorM. M. Goodman, F. F. Knapp Jr., D. R. Elmaleh, and H. W. StraussCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 13, 2322–2325Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00187a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00187a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views182Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Surveillance in Barrett's Esophagus: A Failed Premise (2009)

Current recommendations for the management of patients with Barrett's esophagus are flawed. Future guidelines should include alternative markers of cancer risk and focus on strategies that reduce cancer incidence instead of cancer detection.
Notch/Delta4 Interaction in Human Embryonic Liver CD34+ CD38− Cells: Positive Influence on BFU-E Production and LTC-IC Potential Maintenance (2005)

We investigated whether Notch signaling pathways have a role in human developmental hematopoiesis. In situ histochemistry analysis revealed that Notch1, 2, and 4 and Notch ligand (Delta1-4, and Jagged1) proteins were not expressed in the yolk sac blood islands, the para-aortic splanchnopleure, the hematopoietic aortic clusters, and at the early stages of embryonic liver hematopoiesis. Notch1-2, and Delta4 were eventually detected in the embryonic liver, from 34 until 38 days postconception. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis showed that first-trimester embryonic liver CD34(+)CD38(low) cells expressed both Notch1 and Notch2. When these cells were cultured on S17 stroma stably expressing Delta4, a 2.6-fold increase in BFU-E number was observed at day 7, as compared with cultures with control stroma, and this effect was maintained for 2 weeks. Importantly, exposure of these cells to Delta4 under these conditions maintained the original frequency and quality of long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-ICs), while control cultures quickly resulted in the extinction of this LTC-IC potential. Furthermore, short-term exposure of embryonic liver adherent cells to erythropoietin resulted in a dose-dependent increase in Delta4 expression, almost doubling the expression observed with untreated stroma. This suggests that Delta4 has a role in the regulation of hematopoiesis after a hypoxic stress in the fetus.
Successful Treatment With Hydroxyzine of Acute Exacerbation of Panic Disorder in a Healthy Man (2011)

To the Editor: In a given year, approximately 6 million American adults aged 18 years or older have panic disorder.1,2 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to document the successful treatment of acute exacerbation of panic disorder with hydroxyzine in a healthy adult.

Case report. Mr A, a 25-year-old man with a history of panic disorder, presented in 2010 to the emergency department complaining of chest pain, tachycardia, palpitations, hyperventilation, shortness of breath, sweating, nausea, and vomiting. Moreover, he reported derealization, a sense of doom, and constant fear of having another panic attack. Mr A stated that he had been having panic attacks about 3 or 4 times daily for the previous week. Myocardial infarction was ruled out. Blood workup was inconclusive for any other medical cause.

Mr A had been on venlafaxine 75 mg/d orally for the previous 6 months. He had taken paroxetine 40 mg/d orally with no improvement for the 6 months prior to starting venlafaxine. Past medical, surgical, and family histories were not significant for any major illnesses. He was employed and single and smoked half a pack of cigarettes daily, but had no history of alcohol or illegal drug use. The patient denied having any psychosocial stressors. Physical examination findings revealed no abnormalities.

Mr A was admitted to the acute psychiatry unit for observation. Upon admission to the unit, hydroxyzine 25 mg 3 times daily was started with no other changes in medication or therapy. The patient received prompt relief, and there were no further panic attacks during his 3-day admission or his 1-month follow-up.

To the best of our knowledge, there are no published cases of successful treatment of acute exacerbation of panic disorder with hydroxyzine in healthy adults. There has been clear evidence of the anxiolytic efficacy of hydroxyzine. In a controlled trial in generalized anxiety disorder patients, hydroxyzine demonstrated greater and more rapid cognitive improvement compared to lorazepam.3 Moreover, it has also shown a lack of organ toxicity and an absence of dependency.

As reported in our case, an acute exacerbation of panic disorder was effectively managed by hydroxyzine in a healthy adult. If practitioners recognize this association, extensive use of benzodiazepines may be prevented.