gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Notch Oncoproteins Depend on γ-Secretase/Presenilin Activity for Processing and Function (2004)

During normal development Notch receptor signaling is important in regulating numerous cell fate decisions. Mutations that truncate the extracellular domain of Notch receptors can cause aberrant signaling and promote unregulated cell growth. We have examined two types of truncated Notch oncoproteins that arise from proviral insertion into the Notch4 gene (Notch4/int-3) or a chromosomal translocation involving the Notch1 gene (TAN-1). Both Notch4/int-3 and TAN-1 oncoproteins lack most or all of their ectodomain. Normal Notch signaling requires gamma-secretase/presenilin-mediated proteolytic processing, but whether Notch oncoproteins are also dependent on gamma-secretase/presenilin activity is not known. We demonstrate that Notch4/int-3-induced activation of the downstream transcription factor, CSL, is abrogated in cells deficient in presenilins or treated with a pharmacological inhibitor of gamma-secretase/presenilins. Furthermore, we find that both Notch4/int-3 and TAN-1 accumulate at the cell surface, where presenilin-dependent cleavage occurs, when gamma-secretase/presenilin activity is inhibited. gamma-Secretase/presenilin inhibition effectively blocks cellular responses to Notch4/int-3, but not TAN-1, apparently because some TAN-1 polypeptides lack transmembrane domains and do not require gamma-secretase/presenilin activity for nuclear access. These studies highlight potential uses and limitations of gamma-secretase/presenilin inhibitors in targeted therapy of Notch-related neoplasms.
Frequency-dependent electrical transport in carbon nanotubes (2001)

Carbon nanotubes exhibit exceptional dc electrical transport but relatively little is known about their ac behavior. We discover, in the ac impedance spectra of nanotubes, an intrinsic resonance at a fixed ultrasonic frequency of 37.6 kHz. In the 100 Hz to 8 MHz frequency range the overall impedance shows a negative capacitance associated with the dynamical response of the metal-nanotube contact. These effects could be used to compensate capacitance in electronic circuits or to fabricate nanotube-based transducers.
Mammalian Septins Are Required for Phagosome Formation (2008)

Septins are members of a highly conserved family of filamentous proteins that are required in many organisms for the completion of cytokinesis. In addition, septins have been implicated in a number of important cellular processes and have been suggested to have roles in regulating membrane traffic. Given the proposed role of septins in cell membrane dynamics, we investigated the function of septins during FcgammaR-mediated phagocytosis. We show that several septins are expressed in RAW264.7 and J774 mouse macrophage cell lines and that SEPT2 and SEPT11 are colocalized with submembranous actin-rich structures during the early stages of FcgammaR-mediated phagocytosis. In addition, SEPT2 accumulation is seen in primary human neutrophils and in nonprofessional phagocytes. The time course of septin accumulation mirrors actin accumulation and is inhibited by latrunculin and genistein, but not other inhibitors of phagocytosis. Inhibition of septin function by transient expression of the BD3 domain of BORG3, known to cause septin aggregation, or depletion of SEPT2 or SEPT11 by RNAi, significantly inhibited FcgammaR-mediated phagocytosis of IgG-coated latex beads. Interestingly, this occurred without affecting the accumulation of actin or the actin-associated protein coronin-1. These observations show that, although not necessary for actin recruitment, septins are required for efficient FcgammaR-mediated phagocytosis.
Applications of Lentiviral Vectors for shRNA Delivery and Transgenesis (2008)

Lentiviral vectors are potent gene delivery vehicles that enable stable expression of transgenes in both dividing and post-mitotic cells. Development of lentiviral vectors expressing small hairpin RNAs generates a system that can be used to down regulate specific target genes in vivo and in vitro. In this review, we will discuss two examples of in vivo applications for the use of lentiviral vectors expressing shRNAs: Gene therapy of neurological disorders and generation of transgenic knockdown animals.
Site-Specific and Far-Red-Light-Activatable Prodrug of Combretastatin A-4 Using Photo-Unclick Chemistry (2013)

Although tissue-penetrable light (red and NIR) has great potential for spatiotemporally controlled release of therapeutic agents, it has been hampered because of the lack of chemistry translating the photonic energy to the cleavage of a chemical bond. Recently, we discovered that an aminoacrylate group could be cleaved to release parent drugs after oxidation by SO and have called this "photo-unclick chemistry". We demonstrate its application to far-red-light-activated prodrugs. A prodrug of combretastatin A-4 (CA4) was prepared, CMP-L-CA4, where CMP is dithiaporphyrin, a photosensitizer, and L is an aminoacrylate linker. Upon irradiation with 690 nm diode laser, the aminoacrylate linker of the prodrug was cleaved, rapidly releasing CA4 (>80% in 10 min) in CDCl3. In tissue culture, it showed about a 6-fold increase in its IC50 in MCF-7 after irradiation, most likely because of the released CA4. Most significantly, CMP-L-CA4 had better antitumor efficacy in vivo than its noncleavable (NC) analog, CMP-NCL-CA4. This is the first demonstration of the in vivo efficacy of the novel low-energy-light-activatable prodrug using the photo-unclick chemistry.
Soothing the Inflamed Brain: Effect of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on Alzheimers Disease Pathology (2011)

Epidemiological studies suggest that systemic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can prevent or retard the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, clinical trials investigating the effects of NSAIDs on AD progression have yielded mixed or inconclusive results. The aim of this review is to distinguish the role of inflammation and the molecular targets of NSAIDs in the different stages of AD pathology. AD brains are characterized by extracellular deposits of β-amyloid protein and intraneuronal accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Already in the early stages of AD pathology β-amyloid protein deposits are associated with inflammatory proteins and microglia, the brain resident macrophages. Recently, two genome-wide association studies identified new genes that are associated with an increased risk of developing AD. These genes include CLU and CR1 which encode for clusterin and complement receptor 1 respectively. Both genes are involved in the regulation of inflammation. This strongly indicates that inflammation plays a central role in the aetiology of AD. In this review we will show that the primary targets of NSAIDs are involved in a pathological stage that precedes the clinical appearance of AD. The early, preclinical involvement of inflammation in AD explains why patients with clinical signs of AD do not benefit from anti-inflammatory treatment and suggests that NSAIDs, rather than having a direct therapeutic effect, may have preventive effects.
Recent Applications of Organic Dyes as Photoredox Catalysts in Organic Synthesis (2013)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVViewpointNEXTRecent Applications of Organic Dyes as Photoredox Catalysts in Organic SynthesisDavid A. Nicewicz* and Tien M. NguyenView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: ACS Catal. 2014, 4, 1, 355–360Publication Date (Web):December 11, 2013Publication History Received21 October 2013Published online20 December 2013Published inissue 3 January 2014https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cs400956ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/cs400956aeditorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2013 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views27205Altmetric-Citations717LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (2 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Catalysts,Hydrocarbons,Oxidation,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
Simple flywheel energy storage using squirrel-cage induction machine for DC bus microgrid systems (2010)

A simple flywheel energy storage using a squirrel-cage induction machine is proposed in this paper. The suggested motor/generator system operates with an open-loop Volt/Hertz control scheme and utilizes only the nameplate data as machine parameters. Therefore complex controller tuning or machine parameter measurement is not required. Also, any communication between storage units or with other controllers is not necessary because the system uses bus voltage information for charge/discharge operations. The proposed system has an advantage on parallel operation because adding/replacing of units are straightforward. Hence it can easily operate with different types of storage or distributed energy sources in DC bus microgrid systems. Moreover, the proposed control scheme improves the overall stability of the DC bus system. The proposed system has been validated with Matlab simulation and an experimental setup is under construction for verification.
Role of TLR1 and TLR6 in the host defense against disseminated candidiasis (2007)

Toll-like receptor-1 (TLR1) and TLR6 are receptors of the TLR family that form heterodimers with TLR2. The role of TLR1 and TLR6 for the recognition of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans was investigated. TLR1 is not involved in the recognition of C. albicans, and TLR1 knock-out (TLR1-/-) mice showed a normal susceptibility to disseminated candidiasis. In contrast, recognition of C. albicans by TLR6 modulated the balance between Th1 and Th2 cytokines, and TLR6 knock-out mice displayed a defective production of IL-10 and an increased IFN-gamma release. Production of the monocyte-derived cytokines tumor necrosis factor, IL-1, and IL-6 was normal in TLR6-/- mice, and this was accompanied by a normal susceptibility to disseminated candidiasis. In conclusion, TLR6 is involved in the recognition of C. albicans and modulates the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance, but this results in a mild phenotype with a normal susceptibility of TLR6-/- mice to Candida infection.
Ambra1 at a glance (2015)

The activating molecule in Beclin-1-regulated autophagy (Ambra1), also known as autophagy/Beclin-1 regulator 1, is a highly intrinsically disordered and vertebrate-conserved adapter protein that is part of the autophagy signaling network. It acts in an early step of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-dependent autophagy by favouring formation of the autophagosome core complex. However, recent studies have revealed that Ambra1 can also coordinate a cell response upon starvation or other stresses that involve translocation of the autophagosome core complex to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulative ubiquitylation and stabilization of the kinase ULK1, selective mitochondria removal and cell cycle downregulation. Moreover, Ambra1 itself appears to be targeted by a number of regulatory processes, such as cullin-dependent degradation, caspase cleavage and several modifications, ranging from phosphorylation to ubiquitylation. Altogether, this complex network of regulation highlights the importance of Ambra1 in crucial physiological events, including metabolism, cell death and cell division. In addition, Ambra1 is an important regulator of embryonic development, and its mutation or inactivation has been shown to correlate with several pathologies of the nervous system and to be involved in carcinogenesis. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we discuss recent advances in the Ambra1 field, particularly the role of this pro-autophagic protein in cellular pathophysiology.
PD-1-Mediated Suppression of IL-2 Production Induces CD8+ T Cell Anergy In Vivo (2009)

Accumulating evidence suggests that PD-1, an immuno-inhibitory receptor expressed on activated T cells, regulates peripheral T cell tolerance. In particular, PD-1 is involved in the induction and/or maintenance of T cells' intrinsic unresponsiveness to previously encountered Ags, although the mechanism is yet to be determined. We used a simple experimental model to dissect the mechanism for anergy establishment, in which 2C TCR transgenic rag2(-/-) PD-1(+/+) mice were anergized by a single injection of a cognate peptide. Interestingly, 2C rag2(-/-) PD-1(-/-) mice were totally resistant to anergy induction by the same treatment; thus, PD-1 was responsible for anergy induction. Furthermore, PD-1 expression was induced within 24 h of the initial Ag exposure. The establishment of anergy was associated with a marked down-regulation of IL-2 from the CD8(+) T cells. In fact, IL-2 blockade resulted in anergy even in 2C rag2(-/-)PD-1(-/-) T cells. Furthermore, the complementation of the IL-2 signal in 2C rag2(-/-) PD-1(+/+) mice reversed the anergy induction. We propose that CD8(+) T cell anergy is induced by a reduction of cell-autonomous IL-2 synthesis, which is caused by the quick expression of PD-1 in response to Ag stimulation and the subsequent stimulation of this receptor by its ligands on surrounding cells.
Efficiency Enhancement of Organic Solar Cells Using Transparent Plasmonic Ag Nanowire Electrodes (2010)

Surface plasmon enhanced photo-current and power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells using periodic Ag nanowires as transparent electrodes are reported, as compared to the device with conventional ITO electrodes. External quantum efficiencies are enhanced about 2.5 fold around the peak solar spectrum wavelength of 560 nm, resulting in 35% overall increase in power conversion efficiency than the ITO control device under normal unpolarized light.
Breast Imaging With Positron Emission Tomography and Fluorine-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose: Use and Limitations (2000)

Partial volume effects and varying metabolic activity (dependent on tumor type) seem to represent the most significant limitations for the routine diagnostic application of PET. The number of invasive procedures is therefore unlikely to be significantly reduced by PET imaging in patients presenting with abnormal mammography. However, the high positive-predictive value, resulting from the increased metabolic activity of malignant tissue, may be used with carefully selected subsets of patients as well as to determine the extent of disease or to assess therapy response.
Organic solvent extraction as a versatile procedure to identify hydrophobic chloroplast membrane proteins (2000)

As a complementary approach to genome projects, proteomic analyses have been set up to identify new gene products. One of the major challenges in proteomics concerns membrane proteins, especially the minor ones. A procedure based on the differential extraction of membrane proteins in chloroform/methanol mixtures, was tested on the two different chloroplast membrane systems: envolope and thylakoid membranes. Combining the use of classical sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and mass spectrometry analyses, this procedure enabled identification of hydrophobic proteins. The propensity of hydrophobic proteins to partition in chloroform/methanol mixtures was directly correlated with the number of amino acid residues/number of putative transmembrane regions (Res/TM ratio). Regardless of the particular case of some lipid-interacting proteins, chloroform/methanol extractions allowed enrichment of hydrophobic proteins and exclusion of hydrophilic proteins from both membrane systems, thus demonstrating the versatility of the procedure.
Extremely-low-noise CMOS Image Sensor with high saturation capacity (2011)

We have developed a flat device structure, which we call “FLAT”, with no isolation grooves/ridges and no Si substrate etching in the imaging area of the CMOS Image Sensor (CIS). We employed this FLAT structure to achieve a 1.12 μm pitch pixel CIS with a 1.25 transistor/pixel architecture and excellent image quality. It uses FLAT transistors(Trs) that generate greatly-reduced 1/f noise, and FLAT isolators (Isos) that increase the saturation capacity (Qs) due to increasing both effective photodiode (PD) area and PD potential under low dark current.
Consumer Behavior Analysis under the “Lemon Dilemma” in the Market of Agricultural Products (2010)

Based on the introduction of the connotation of “lemon market” and the phenomenon of “lemon” in the market of agricultural products, the consumers’ behaviors in the “lemon market” of agricultural products are analyzed. Firstly, consumers feel unfair in their minds in the process of negotiation; secondly, the purchase decision rule tends to be simplified in the “lemon market” of agricultural products; thirdly, the consumers tend to follow the masses in the “lemon market” of agricultural products. The economics significance of the impact of “lemon dilemma” of agricultural products on consumers is analyzed. The causes of the impact are analyzed from two aspects the uncertainty of collecting the information of agricultural information and the uncertainty of using the agricultural information. The suggestions and countermeasures are put forward in order to solve the “lemon” problems in agricultural market. In the first place, the excellent mechanism for producing the information of agricultural products should be constructed; in the second place, the government should encourage the multi-channel, multi-form and multi- level operation mode of agricultural products, to promote the optimization of market functions; in the third place, the government should widen the channel of information dissemination for agricultural products and establish the high efficiency feedback path; in the fourth place, the traditional thought pattern of consumers should be changed, so as to promote the healthy, orderly and benign development of agricultural products market.
An application of advanced intelligent network technology to personal communication services (2002)

Personal communication services (PCS) are necessary for users to freely communicate with anyone at anytime and anywhere according to their demand. In order to realize the above-mentioned requirements, a wireless access system must be introduced to the telecommunication networks, in addition to the wired access system. This paper proposes a new network architecture which is based on an advanced intelligent network in addition to a wired access network, and which makes possible terminal and personal mobility, service personalization, and service portability, so providing universal personal communication. The network functions needed for these services are determined and the optimal function assignment is described. An new service control mechanism for deploying these services to existing network is also shown.
Differential effects of bone graft substitutes on regeneration of bone marrow (2008)

Bone graft materials should be selected not only for their ability to support new bone formation but also for their impact on the remodeling phase of bone healing.
<title>Fast sparse aerial-image calculation for OPC</title> (1995)

Fast sparse aerial image simulation and its use in optical proximity correction (OPC) is the topic of this paper. The primary result is a new lookup table formulation of aerial image calculation for a partially coherent optical system. As a generalization of our previous work for Manhattan geometry, the new technique extends the fast lookup technique to arbitrary polygonal mask geometry. Using the new method, the computation required for a sample point of the image intensity is proportional to the number of polygon edges in the local mask region. Moreover, the method is particularly well suited for perturbations to the mask such as those OPC might produce. Our implementation of the new technique achieves intensity calculation speeds of 6 msec/point and perturbational update speeds of 26 microsecond(s) ec/point on a Sun SPARC 10.
Undistorted guided-wave propagation of subpicosecond terahertz pulses (2001)

We report efficient quasi-optic coupling of a freely propagating beam of terahertz (THz) pulses into a parallel-plate copper waveguide (with a plate separation of 108mum) and subsequent low-loss, single-TEM-mode propagation with virtually no group-velocity dispersion. Undistorted, low-loss propagation of the incoming 0.3-ps FWHM THz pulses was observed within the bandwidth from 0.1 to 4 THz for a length of 24.4 mm. We compare experimentally derived values for the absorption and phase velocity with theory to show consistency. This demonstration is direct proof of the excellent performance of the parallel-plate waveguide as a wideband THz interconnect.
Lung cancer : principles and practice (1996)

Part 1 Biology of lung cancer: molecular biology cell biology in vivo models. Part 2 Epidemiology, early detection and chemoprevention. Part 3 Pathology. Part 4 Clinical presentation and staging evaluation. Part 5 Surgical evaluation of the mediastinum. Part 6 Treatment: surgery in the curative setting surgery in the palliative setting radiation therapy chemotherapy combined modality biologic therapy.
Molecular Pathways: Activating T Cells after Cancer Cell Phagocytosis from Blockade of CD47 “Don't Eat Me” Signals (2015)

Recent advances with immunotherapy agents for the treatment of cancer have provided remarkable, and in some cases, curative results. Our laboratory has identified CD47 as an important "don't eat me" signal expressed on malignant cells. Blockade of the CD47:SIRP-α axis between tumor cells and innate immune cells (monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells) increases tumor cell phagocytosis in both solid tumors (including, but not limited to, bladder, breast, colon, lung, and pancreatic) and hematologic malignancies. These phagocytic innate cells are also professional antigen-presenting cells (APC), providing a link from innate to adaptive antitumor immunity. Preliminary studies have demonstrated that APCs present antigens from phagocytosed tumor cells, causing T-cell activation. Therefore, agents that block the CD47:SIRP-α engagement are attractive therapeutic targets as a monotherapy or in combination with additional immune-modulating agents for activating antitumor T cells in vivo.
Comparison of the Antiviral Activity in vitro of some Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (1969)

Summary In cultures of mouse or chick embryo cells several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (salicylates, Ibufenac, phenylbutazone, Indomethacin, flufenamic and mefenamic acids, CI-583, and chloroquine) inhibit the multiplication of various viruses (encephalomyocarditis, Sindbis, influenza A2, Newcastle disease, herpes simplex and vaccinia). Two factors were critical for the virus inhibitory action of these drugs: the concentration of serum and the pH of the medium. The antiviral effect of these drugs seems to be due mainly to limitation of intracellular synthesis. However, salicylates and anthranilates also inhibit the adsorption and/or penetration of encephalomyocarditis virus into mouse cells. The antiviral potency shows some correlation with other biochemical, cellular and clinical activities of these drugs.