gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD5 costimulation induces stable Th17 development by promoting IL-23R expression and sustained STAT3 activation (2011)

IL-17-producing CD4(+) T helper (Th17) cells are important for immunity against extracellular pathogens and in autoimmune diseases. The factors that drive Th17 development in human remain a matter of debate. Here we show that, compared with classic CD28 costimulation, alternative costimulation via the CD5 or CD6 lymphocyte receptors forms a superior pathway for human Th17-priming. In the presence of the Th17-promoting cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-23, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), CD5 costimulation induces more Th17 cells that produce higher amounts of IL-17, which is preceded by prolonged activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a key regulator in Th17 differentiation, and enhanced levels of the IL-17-associated transcription factor retinoid-related orphan receptor-γt (ROR-γt). Strikingly, these Th17-promoting signals critically depend on CD5-induced elevation of IL-23 receptor (IL-23R) expression. The present data favor the novel concept that alternative costimulation via CD5, rather than classic costimulation via CD28, primes naive T cells for stable Th17 development through promoting the expression of IL-23R.
Layered video multicast with retransmission (LVMR): evaluation of error recovery schemes (2002)

This paper proposes a novel scheme for distributing MPEG-coded video over a best-effort heterogeneous network, such as the Internet. The key contributions of the proposed scheme are: error recovery using smart retransmissions and adaptive playback point; and dynamic adjustment of video reception rate at the receivers using a hierarchical control mechanism. This paper focuses on the first feature. The protocols are developed on the Internet and the performance of the system has been measured on the Mbone. Some results from the measurement are presented and evaluated in this paper.
A Novel Property of Duocarmycin and Its Analogs for Covalent Reaction with DNA (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Novel Property of Duocarmycin and Its Analogs for Covalent Reaction with DNAAkira Asai, Satoru Nagamura, and HIromitsu SaitoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 10, 4171–4177Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00089a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00089a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views204Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Light-Induced Phase Shifts of Circadian Leaf Movements of Phaseolus: Comparison with the Effects of Potassium and of Ethyl Alcohol (1973)

Leaves of Phaseolus coccineus were exposed to high concentrations of KCl (0.1-0.3 M) for periods of 4-5 hr, or to ethyl alcohol (5-30%) for periods of 2 hr. The treatment started at various phases of the free-running circadian rhythm in continuous light. Whereas the K(+) pulses induced only advance phase shifts, i.e., shortening of the periods, the alcohol pulses caused stronger advances and also slight delays, i.e., lengthening of the periods. These delays became stronger with lower concentrations of alcohol (1.7%) applied for a longer time. The lengthening effect by alcohol supplied continuously depends on the intensity of light. The rather high intensity of 3500 lux, resulting in very long free-running periods of about 29 hr, inhibits a further strong lengthening by alcohol. The phases reacting with advances to K(+) and to alcohol are about the same phases that respond to light pulses with advances. The advances are reached at earlier phases of the circadian cycle when the concentration of alcohol or the strength of the light pulse is increased. The phases that respond with advances are those which, according to earlier publications, are within the energy-independent part of the cycle. The phases responding with delays belong to the energy-requiring part of the cycle. Consequently, it is suggested that advances are due to accelerated membrane depolarization and delays are due to stabilizing effects on membranes.
Efficient camera-based pose estimation for real-time applications (2009)

Accurate online localization is crucial for mobile robotics. In this paper, we describe a real-time image-based localization technique, which is based on a single calibrated camera. This can be supported by a second camera to improve accuracy and to provide the correct translational scale. Our goal is a robust and unbiased pose estimation in highly dynamic scenes on resource-limited systems. The presented approach is characterized through significantly improved robustness of the pose estimation, a novel approach for stereo subpixel accurate landmark initialization, and the speed-up of conventional tracking routines to achieve online capability. Although the algorithm is designed for accurate, online short-range egomotion estimation in hand-held scanning devices, it can be used for any mobile robot application as shown in this paper. Various tests and experimental results with a mobile platform and a hand-held 3D modeler are presented and discussed.
Clearing the Dead: Apoptotic Cell Sensing, Recognition, Engulfment, and Digestion (2013)

Clearance of apoptotic cells is the final stage of programmed cell death. Uncleared corpses can become secondarily necrotic, promoting inflammation and autoimmunity. Remarkably, even in tissues with high cellular turnover, apoptotic cells are rarely seen because of efficient clearance mechanisms in healthy individuals. Recently, significant progress has been made in understanding the steps involved in prompt cell clearance in vivo. These include the sensing of corpses via "find me" signals, the recognition of corpses via "eat me" signals and their cognate receptors, the signaling pathways that regulate cytoskeletal rearrangement necessary for engulfment, and the responses of the phagocyte that keep cell clearance events "immunologically silent." This study focuses on our understanding of these steps.
The resorcinol-maleic anhydride condensation product. An unequivocal proof of structure (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe resorcinol-maleic anhydride condensation product. An unequivocal proof of structureRussell J. MolyneuxCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 13, 2730–2731Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00407a050https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00407a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views104Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Separation of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin Glycoforms by Capillary Electrophoresis Using Volatile Electrolytes. Assessment of Mass Spectrometry for the Characterization of Erythropoietin Glycoforms (2003)

The separation of the glycoforms of erythropoietin (EPO) by capillary electrophoresis (CE) was recently published as a monograph by the European Pharmacopoeia (European Pharmacopoeia 4 2002, 1316, 1123-1128). Although the experimental CE conditions employed a background electrolyte containing additives suitable for on-line UV-absorption detection, they were not appropriate for on-line mass spectrometry (MS) detection. In this work, an attempt was made to investigate experimental conditions employing volatile electrolyte systems to achieve the separation and characterization of EPO glycoforms using CE and ESI-MS methodologies. The influence of several operating conditions, such as the coating of the internal walls of the capillary as well as the composition, concentration, and the pH of the separation buffer were investigated. The results demonstrated that when the internal walls of the capillaries were permanently coated with Polybrene and a buffer electrolyte containing 400 mM of HAc-NH4Ac (acetic acid-ammonium acetate), pH 4.75, was used, a significantly reproducible separation was achieved for EPO glycoforms. Intact EPO was characterized by two mass spectrometry techniques: electrospray ionization (ESI-MS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF-MS). The data demonstrated that MALDI-TOF-MS provided a good approximation to an average molecular mass of the EPO molecule. However, it was still necessary to carry out further separation of the intact EPO glycoforms in order to obtain molecular mass information when ESI-MS was used.
Anaphylaxis to Polyvinylpyrrolidone in Povidone-Iodine for Impetigo Contagiosum in a Boy with Atopic Dermatitis (2008)

This observation was in line with the clinical findings that anaphylaxis had not developed despite the long use of PVP-I solution, but developed only when he received PVP-I solution treatment where basophils could contact PVP-I in the presence of serum, which was probably due to a broken skin and vessel condition. Furthermore, our results suggest the usefulness of HRT in the diagnosis of PVP allergy, and the possibility that negative SPT does not entirely rule out PVP allergy.
Physical Link Security Type of Service (1993)

This RFC documents an experimental protocol providing a Type of Service (TOS) to request maximum physical link security. This is an addition to the types of service enumerated in RFC 1349: Type of Service in the Internet Protocol Suite. The new TOS requests the network to provide what protection it can against surreptitious observation by outside agents of traffic so labeled. The purpose is protection against traffic analysis and as an additional possible level of data confidentiality. This TOS is consistent with all other defined types of service for IP version 4 in that it is based on link level characteristics and will not provide any particular guaranteed level of service.
<title>Fractal image compression for mass storage applications</title> (1992)

The coding, storage, and reconstruction of images is a major concern in the application of computer technology to technical and scientific problems. In such applications it is highly desirable to reduce the storage and transmission requirements for image data. An image can be coded compactly when it is possible to exploit self similar redundancy in the image. Our research has focused on the development of a `fractal'' method for compressing image data. Our approach to image compression, similar to Jacquin, is to tessellate the image with a tiling which varies with the local image complexity, and to check for self similarity among the tiles. Self similarities are coded as systems of affine transformations which can be stored far more compactly than the original image. This method is inherently lossy, since the self similarities are never exact. We have tested our encoding scheme on a variety of test images, gaining good compression ratios. At high compression ratios, the scheme yields better signal to noise ratios than are reported for other techniques. Our scheme is versatile in that it allows a trade- off between compression, reconstructed image fidelity and encoding time. Our methods are computationally intensive but are feasible for non-real time applications on workstations or main frame computers. We are currently studying applications such as multimedia systems and CD-ROM mass storage systems. The algorithms can be accelerated considerably by dedicated hardware for real time requirements. Fractal compression is a promising approach to image compression. Within a very short development time, fractal techniques have yielded results which rival the best examples of data compression afforded by other methods. Although fractal encoding of images is complex and may require specialized hardware for real time applications, the decoding process can be widely utilized because it is simple, fast, and suitable for software implementation. Thus, it can be run on workstations or personal computers without special requirements. This report contains a description and motivation of the encoding algorithm, a description of a new decoding algorithm, results, comparison with results in the literature, and a discussion of generalizations to the algorithm.
Conformational mobility of His-64 in the Thr-200 .fwdarw. Ser mutant of human carbonic anhydrase II (1991)

The three-dimensional structure of the Thr-200----Ser (T200S) mutant of human carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) has been determined by X-ray crystallographic methods at 2.1-A resolution. This particular mutant of CAII exhibits CO2 hydrase activity that is comparable to that of the wild-type enzyme with a 2-fold stabilization of the E.HCO3- complex and esterase activity that is 4-fold greater than that of the wild-type enzyme. The structure of the mutant enzyme reveals no significant local changes accompanying the conservative T200S substitution, but an important nonlocal structural change is evident: the side chain of catalytic residue His-64 rotates away from the active site by 105 degrees about chi 1 and apparently displaces a water molecule. The displaced water molecule is present in the wild-type enzyme; however, the electron density into which this water is built is interpretable as an alternate conformation of His-64 with 10-20% occupancy. The rate constants for proton transfer from the zinc-water ligand to His-64 and from His-64 to bulk solvent are maintained in the T200S variant; therefore, if His-64 is conformationally mobile about chi 1 and/or chi 2 during catalysis, compensatory changes in solvent configuration must sustain efficient proton transfer.
Expression of thelacZgene from two methanol-regulated promoters inPichia pastoris (1987)

Two DNA fragments containing putative control regions regulating the expression of the alcohol oxidase (AOX) and dihydroxy-acetone synthase (DAS) genes from the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris were used in the construction of vectors for the expression of the Escherichia coli lacZ gene. These vectors were transformed into P. pastoris host cells and employed in experiments to measure the control mechanisms employed by each promoter in the production of beta-galactosidase fusion products. Results in P. pastoris suggest that the processes used to regulate the expression of these gene fusions involve both repression/derepression and induction mechanisms. Expression of the AOX-lacZ and DAS-lacZ fusions was examined in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as well. Interestingly, beta-galactosidase was expressed in a regulated manner in the heterologous host.
Protein-Protein Interaction and Not Glycosylation Determines the Binding Selectivity of Heterodimers between the Calcitonin Receptor-like Receptor and the Receptor Activity-modifying Proteins (2001)

The receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) and the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR) are both required to generate adrenomedullin (AM) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptors. A mature, fully glycosylated, form of CRLR was associated with (125)I-CGRP binding, upon co-expression of RAMP1 and CRLR. In contrast, RAMP2 and -3 promoted the expression of smaller, core-glycosylated, CRLR forms, which were linked to AM receptor pharmacology. Since core glycosylation is classically a trademark of immature proteins, we tested the hypothesis that the core-glycosylated CRLR forms the AM receptor. Although significant amounts of core-glycosylated CRLR were produced upon co-expression with RAMP2 or -3, cross-linking experiments revealed that (125)I-AM only bound to the fully glycosylated forms. Similarly, (125)I-CGRP selectively recognized the mature CRLR species upon co-expression with RAMP1, indicating that the glycosylation does not determine ligand-binding selectivity. Our results also show that the three RAMPs lie close to the peptide binding pocket within the CRLR-RAMP heterodimers, since (125)I-AM and (125)I-CGRP were incorporated in RAMP2, -3, and -1, respectively. Cross-linking also stabilized the peptide-CRLR-RAMP ternary complexes, with the expected ligand selectivity, indicating that the fully processed heterodimers represent the functional receptors. Overall, the data indicate that direct protein-protein interactions dictate the pharmacological properties of the CRLR-RAMP complexes.
Early identification of antigen-specific immune responses in vivo by [ 18 F]-labeled 3′-fluoro-3′-deoxy-thymidine ([ 18 F]FLT) PET imaging (2011)

Current biomarkers are unable to adequately predict vaccine-induced immune protection in humans with infectious disease or cancer. However, timely and adequate assessment of antigen-specific immune responses is critical for successful vaccine development. Therefore, we have developed a method for the direct assessment of immune responses in vivo in a clinical setting. Melanoma patients with lymph node (LN) metastases received dendritic cell (DC) vaccine therapy, injected intranodally, followed by [(18)F]-labeled 3'-fluoro-3'-deoxy-thymidine ([(18)F]FLT) PET at varying time points after vaccination. Control LNs received saline or DCs without antigen. De novo immune responses were readily visualized in treated LNs early after the prime vaccination, and these signals persisted for up to 3 wk. This selective [(18)F]FLT uptake was markedly absent in control LNs, although tracer uptake in treated LNs increased profoundly with as little as 4.5 × 10(5) DCs. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed injected DC dispersion to T-cell areas and resultant activation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. The level of LN tracer uptake significantly correlates to the level of circulating antigen-specific IgG antibodies and antigen-specific proliferation of T cells in peripheral blood. Furthermore, this correlation was not observed with [(18)F]-labeled fluoro-2-deoxy-2-D-glucose. Therefore, [(18)F]FLT PET offers a sensitive tool to study the kinetics, localization, and involvement of lymphocyte subsets in response to vaccination. This technique allows for early discrimination of responding from nonresponding patients in anti-cancer vaccination and aid physicians in individualized decisionmaking.
An application-specific processor dedicated to Kalman-filter-based correction of spectrometric data (1995)

An application-specific processor dedicated to Kalman-filter-based measurand reconstruction in spectrometric applications is proposed. It is intended to act as coprocessor of a host processor, performing relatively sophisticated processing of measurement data subject to systematic errors of an instrumental type and to random errors of various natures, it is basically designed for improving the resolution of spectrometric measurements commonly used in environmental laboratories, but it may be useful in other applications where similar processing of measurement data is required. Examples of applications of the processor in spectrometric measurements, its metrological advantages and limitations, as well as perspectives of its development, are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Sortilin Is a Major Protein Component of Glut4-containing Vesicles (1997)

In fat and skeletal muscle cells, glucose transporter isoform 4 (Glut4) is translocated to the cell surface in response to insulin via a system of specialized recycling vesicles. Besides Glut4, these vesicles include the novel insulin-regulatable aminopeptidase, receptors for insulin-like growth factor-II/Man-6-phosphate and transferrin, and a glycoprotein with the molecular mass of 110 kDa. We report here by the criteria of the partial protein sequencing and subsequent cDNA cloning that glycoprotein 110, the last unidentified major protein component of Glut4-containing vesicles, is sortilin, a novel type I receptor-like protein recently cloned from human brain (Petersen, C. M., Nielsen, M. S., Nykjar, A., Jacobsen, L., Tommerup, N., Rasmussen, H. H., Roigaard, H., Gliemann, J., Madsen, P., and Moestrup, S. K. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 3599-3605). This protein is highly expressed in fat, brain, and lung and is dramatically up-regulated during differentiation of adipocytes in vitro.
Summary estimates of cholesterol used to predict coronary heart disease. (1983)

The relationships of total cholesterol and the proportion of cholesterol in individual lipoprotein classes to coronary heart disease are complex. To help simplify these relationships, cholesterol values are often combined into one summary estimate to form a single risk factor with a relationship to disease that is more easily described. Although summary estimates result in convenient expressions relating cholesterols to coronary heart disease, there is the potential for sacrificing information by ignoring the joint configuration of cholesterols that make up these estimates. We investigated the extent of this possibility for the ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The findings suggest that the summary estimates are useful expressions for combining cholesterol information and are strong predictors of coronary heart disease. Clinicians who choose to use a summary estimate for screening purposes should recognize that a single ratio estimate is not always as informative as the joint configuration of the cholesterols that make up the estimate. This possibility is most clearly exhibited for the ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and it may become more apparent in future studies as the capabilities of exploring lipoprotein cholesterol relationships improve.