gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
mRNA structures influencing translation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1988)

The mRNA sequence and structures that modify and are required for translation of iso-1-cytochrome c in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were investigated with sets of CYC1 alleles having alterations in the 5' leader region. Measurements of levels of CYC1 mRNA and iso-1-cytochrome c in strains having single copies of altered alleles with nested deletions led to the conclusion that there is no specific sequence adjacent to the AUG initiator codon required for efficient translation. However, the nucleotides preceding the AUG initiator codon at positions -1 and -3 slightly modified the efficiency of translation to an order of preference similar to that found in higher cells. In contrast to large effects observed in higher eucaryotes, the magnitude of this AUG context effect in S. cerevisiae was only two- to threefold. Furthermore, introduction of hairpin structures in the vicinity of the AUG initiator codon inhibited translation, with the degree of inhibition related to the stability and proximity of the hairpin. These results with S. cerevisiae and published findings on other organisms suggest that translation in S. cerevisiae is more sensitive to secondary structures than is translation in higher eucaryotes.
Using Microseismic Source Parameters to Evaluate the Influence of Faults on Fracture Treatments - A Geophysical Approach to Interpretation (2010)

Abstract Microseismic monitoring during hydraulic fracturing treatments has confirmed that hydraulic fractures are much more complex than might have been assumed even a few years ago, when conventional fracture models were considered adequate. Analysis of diagnostic pump-in tests and mining tunnels has shown that fracture complexity exists in both the near-wellbore and far-field regions of the fracture. Also, microseismic monitoring and interpretation have shown that even fractures initiated in the same wellbore during successive stages can have distinctly different characteristics. Evaluating the effectiveness of hydraulic fracture treatments using microseismic events is challenging. The most common techniques attempt to correlate production with the dimensions of the microseismic clouds and volume estimates based on the density of microseismic events. Geophysical interpretation has shown that microseismic activity recorded during fracturing treatments can sometimes be associated with existing geological structures such as faults. It is possible to examine the frequency of the microseismic event magnitudes during a fracturing treatment and determine if microseismic events are being produced by the failure of the existing rock fabric, or activation of existing geologic structural features, which might be detrimental to well performance. The resulting frequency-magnitude distributions can then be correlated to observed fracture geometries. We show that it is possible to use microseismic magnitude to identify whether faults are influencing the observed dimensions of the microseismic event cloud. We also show that it is possible to use microseismic magnitude values to evaluate fracture behavior in real-time applications, allowing stimulation engineers to modify individual stage treatment designs as the specific situation dictates. The potential benefits to both stimulation cost and production results will also be discussed.
Stimulation and suppression of PCR-mediated recombination (1998)

Recombination, or chimera formation, is known to occur between related template sequences present in a single PCR amplification. To characterize the conditions under which such recombinant amplification products form we monitored the exchange of sequence between two homologous templates carrying different restriction sites separated by 282 bp. Using a typical cycling program the rates of recombination between the two restriction sites were 1 and 7% using Taq and Vent polymerases respectively over 12 doublings. However, by using long elongation times and cycling only to the mid-point of the amplification recombination could be suppressed below visual detection with both polymerases. Conversely, cycling programs designed to promote incomplete primer elongation and subsequent template strand exchange stimulated recombination to >20%.
Reactivity investigation of mixtures of propane and nitrous oxide (2005)

Abstract Supercritical and vapor‐phase reactions of oxidizers and fuels under pressure are of commercial interest. Because mixtures of propane and nitrous oxide have the potential to be explosive, a model mixture was studied with the intent of defining safe operating boundaries. This work investigated the nitrous oxide/propane oxidant/fuel system, diluted with the inert solvent carbon dioxide, and a catalyst as an accelerant, to determine the safe operating regions for the oxidation reaction. Using an ARC® calorimeter for the evaluations, variables included initial system density, catalyst, and mixture compositions. Density of the system ranged from 0.05 to 0.62 g/cm 3 . A number of catalysts were investigated with 10% Pd on carbon being the most active. Strongest reactivity was observed when the mixture was stoichiometric to the complete combustion products of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water. Three distinct regions of reactivity were observed: mild reactivity (starting at the sensitivity of the ARC of dT/dt = 0.02 to about 0.1° C/min); strong exothermic reaction (dT/dt ≅ 1° C/min); and flammable and/or explosive (a distinct and substantial jump in dP/dt in &lt;1 s). As a result, a boundary has been proposed for safe mixtures of nitrous oxide, propane, and carbon dioxide, and a basis for determining safe operating compositions for other systems. The computed adiabatic reaction temperature was used to correlate the experimental results to establish the boundary for safe operation. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2005
Recovery of Underwater Visibility and Structure by Polarization Analysis (2005)

Underwater imaging is important for scientific research and technology as well as for popular activities, yet it is plagued by poor visibility conditions. In this paper, we present a computer vision approach that removes degradation effects in underwater vision. We analyze the physical effects of visibility degradation. It is shown that the main degradation effects can be associated with partial polarization of light. Then, an algorithm is presented, which inverts the image formation process for recovering good visibility in images of scenes. The algorithm is based on a couple of images taken through a polarizer at different orientations. As a by-product, a distance map of the scene is also derived. In addition, this paper analyzes the noise sensitivity of the recovery. We successfully demonstrated our approach in experiments conducted in the sea. Great improvements of scene contrast and color correction were obtained, nearly doubling the underwater visibility range.
Surface exposure of outer membrane protein and lipopolysaccharide epitopes in Brucella species studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry (1995)

Seven surface-exposed outer membrane proteins (OMPs) in Brucella supp. have been previously described (A. Cloeckaert, P. de Wergifosse, G. Dubray, and J. N. Limet, Infect. Immun. 58:3980-3987, 1990). OMPs were shown to be more accessible to monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) on rough (R) Brucella melitensis and B. abortus strains than to MAbs on their smooth (S) counterparts. In this work, we have extended this study to representatives of the main Brucella species, using MAbs specific for OMPs and S and R lipopolysaccharides (S-LPS and R-LPS). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometry, and immunoelectron microscopy showed important differences between strains in the binding of OMP- and R-LPS-specific MAbs which were in part related to the particular expression of S-LPS, irrespective of the species. Results indicated that both the amount and the length of O polysaccharide on S-LPS greatly influenced the accessibility of OMP and R-LPS epitopes to MAbs. S-R B. melitensis EP and S B. suis 40, for instance, which express O-polysaccharide chains in small amounts and with short mean length, respectively, bound a greater number of OMP- and R-LPS-specific MAbs than the other S Brucella strains. The major 31- to 34-kDa OMP was the most exposed OMP on S strains of B. melitensis and B. suis. In most cases, flow cytometry results agreed with those of ELISA and supplied additional data, such as the homogeneity or heterogeneity of OMP expression at the strain level. However, there were some discordances between flow cytometry and ELISA results concerning the surface exposure of the 25- to 27-kDa and 31- to 34-kDa OMPs on S strains and that of minor OMPs in vaccine strain B. melitensis Rev.1. Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed the poor accessibility of OMPs to MAbs on the surface of S Brucella strains. The naturally R pathogenic species B. ovis and B. canis bound the majority of OMP-specific MAbs as well as the R-LPS-specific MAbs. Therefore, the conserved OMP and R-LPS epitopes could play a role as targets of protective antibody-mediated immunity in infections caused by naturally R B. ovis and B. canis.
GRANDES AUTORES ANTE LA CRITICA Y ESTUDIOS DE CULTURA LITERARIA NOVOHISPANA (1994)

SE PRESENTO EL LIBRO LA LUZ IMAGINARIA. EPISTOLARIO DE ATANASIO KIRCHER CON LOS NOVOHISPANOS, OBRA POSTUMA DE IGNACIO OSORIO, QUIEN APORTA VALIOSOS CONOCIMIENTOS SOBRE LA LITERATURA NOVOHISPANA. ESTA OBRA DA INICIO A LA SERIE ESTUDIOS DE CULTURA LITERARIA NOVOHISPANA, QUE EDITA EL INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES BIBLIOGRAFICAS (IIB). ASIMISMO, SE PRESENTO LA OBRA DE HUGO VERANI, LA HOGUERA Y EL VIENTO. JOSE EMILIO PACHECO ANTE LA CRITICA, EL 5 DE ABRIL, EN LA CASA DE LA CULTURA JESUS REYES HEROLES DE COYOACAN.
Choosing drug therapy for patients with hyperlipidemia. (2000)

Almost 13 million American adults require drug therapy to meet the low-density lipoprotein goals set by the National Cholesterol Education Program. Attempts to achieve these goals through diet and exercise are often unsuccessful. Major studies in recent years have demonstrated that statins decrease low-density lipoprotein levels, coronary events and overall mortality. Statins are the most commonly prescribed lipid-lowering agents because they are effective, well tolerated and easy to administer. Niacin has beneficial effects on all of the main lipid components, and new extended-release tablets have fewer adverse effects. Fibrates remain the most effective agents in lowering triglyceride levels and should be limited to this use. Bile acid sequestrants are seldom prescribed because of their adverse gastrointestinal effects and cumbersome administration.
Are the Reductions in Vehicle Carbon Monoxide Exhaust Emissions Proportional to the Fuel Oxygen Content? (1989)

Exhaust emissions results from two vehicle test programs demonstrate that CO reductions created by using oxygenated fuels are very vehicle specific and are usually not proportional to the amount of oxygen in the fuel. The vehicles with three-way catalysts and adaptive learning systems showed very little response to the oxygenated fuels
Prevention of doxorubicin cardiac toxicity in the mouse by N-acetylcysteine. (1981)

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of exogenous sulfhydryl compound administration on the toxicity of doxorubicin in mice. Pretreatment of CDF1 mice with a pharmacologic dose (2,000 mg/kg) of n-acetyl-l-cysteine 1 h before doxorubicin (20 mg/kg, i.p.) decreased lethality from 100% (n = 44) to 37.7% (n = 53), P less than 0.001. Variation in the timing and dose of n-acetylcysteine significantly diminished its protective activity. Pretreatment with n-acetylcysteine also significantly reduced long-term mortality in animals receiving multiple doses of doxorubicin; 10 wk after the third of three doxorubicin doses (5 mg/kg, i.p.) administered at 2-wk intervals, survival in the n-acetylcysteine pretreated group was 51.4% (n = 35) compared with 16.7% (n = 30) for animals receiving saline before doxorubicin, P less than 0.01. In this experiment, n-acetylcysteine pretreatment also diminished doxorubicin-related losses in total body weight and heart wet weight by 55.2% (P less than 0.05), and 60.9% (P less than 0.02), respectively, compared with animals pretreated with saline. N-acetylcysteine pretreatment also ablated electron microscopic evidence of doxorubicin cardiomyopathy without alleviating morphological features of its toxic effects on the liver or small intestinal mucosa. The cardioprotective action of n-acetylcysteine may be partially explained by the 429 +/- 60% increase in cardiac nonprotein sulfhydryl content (P less than 0.01) that was measured one hour after n-acetylcysteine administration; nonprotein sulfhydryl concentration in the liver at the same time was insignificantly different from control levels. Treatment with n-acetylcysteine also increased the nonprotein sulfhydryl content of P388 leukemia cells nearly threefold; however, it did not after the chemotherapeutic activity of doxorubicin against this murine tumor. Whereas n-acetylcysteine blocked doxorubicin cardiac toxicity, it did not affect the uptake or metabolism of doxorubicin in the heart or liver. These results suggest that the concentration of free sulfhydryl groups in the heart may play a role in the development of doxorubicin cardiac toxicity and that augmenting cardiac nonprotein sulfhydryl group content with n-acetylcysteine may provide a means to enhance the chemotherapeutic index of doxorubicin.
Cytokine signal transduction. (1995)

The normal growth, maturation, and activation of cells in most tissues requires stimulation with a defined set of growth factors. These growth factors bind cognate receptors on surface of target cells, and stimulate specific intracellular signals. Many of these signals culminate in the induction of a ligand-specific set of genes. The characterization of signaling components that mediate the induction of genes in response to IFNs has led to the identification of a new signal transduction pathway. The components of this pathway are able to rapidly transduce high fidelity signals directly from the receptor to the nucleus. Recently, many other cytokines and growth factors, including IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-6, and prolactin (PRL), have been shown to induce new genes through the same signaling paradigm.
Gemini Surfactants with Acetylenic Spacers (1999)

A total of 24 dicationic geminis surfactants were synthesized, having a 2-butynyl spacer and chain lengths varying from 8 to 18 carbons. Geminis with more flexible butyl spacers were also synthesized for comparison purposes. Tensiometry gave critical micelle concentration (cmc) values, surface activity, and Gibbs areas. Film studies on the C18 geminis gave liftoff and collapse areas. The acetylenic geminis behave normally with the log cmc values decreasing linearly with chain length for all the dibromide salts. Anomalous behavior occurred, however, with the C18 gemini having a butyl spacer. It was found that cmc data correlate with spacer area, a relationship ascribed to packing constraints on curved surfaces and, possibly, to steric inhibition of ion binding. The effects are accentuated with the C18 surfactants. Geminis with heterocyclic headgroups were examined.
General Video Coding Technology in Responses to the Joint Call for Proposals on Video Compression With Capability Beyond HEVC (2019)

After the development of the High-Efficiency Video Coding Standard (HEVC), ITU-T VCEG and ISO/IEC MPEG formed the Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET), which started exploring video coding technology with higher coding efficiency, including development of a Joint Exploration Model (JEM) algorithm and a corresponding software implementation. The technology explored in the last version of the JEM further increases the compression capabilities of the hybrid video coding approach by adding new tools, reaching up to 30% bit rate reduction compared to HEVC based on the Bjøntegaard delta bit rate (BD-rate) metric, and further improvement beyond that in terms of subjective visual quality. This provided enough evidence to issue a joint Call for Proposals (CfP) for a new standardization activity now known as Versatile Video Coding (VVC). All technology proposed in the responses to the CfP was based on the classic block-based hybrid video coding design, extending it by new elements of partitioning, intra- and inter-picture prediction, prediction signal filtering, transforms, quantization/scaling, entropy coding, and in-loop filtering. This article provides an overview of technology that was proposed in the responses to the CfP, with a focus on techniques that were not already explored in the JEM context.
Structure and function in rhodopsin: the role of asparagine-linked glycosylation. (1994)

Rhodopsin, the dim light photoreceptor of the rod cell, is an integral membrane protein that is glycosylated at Asn-2 and Asn-15. Here we report experiments on the role of the glycosylation in rhodopsin folding and function. Nonglycosylated opsin was prepared by expression of a wild-type bovine opsin gene in COS-1 cells in the presence of tunicamycin, an inhibitor of asparagine-linked glycosylation. The non-glycosylated opsin folded correctly as shown by its normal palmitoylation, transport to the cell surface, and the formation of the characteristic rhodopsin chromophore (lambda max, 500 nm) with 11-cis-retinal. However, the nonglycosylated rhodopsin showed strikingly low light-dependent activation of GT at concentration levels comparable with those of glycosylated rhodopsin. Amino acid replacements at positions 2 and 15 and the cognate tripeptide consensus sequence [Asn-2-->Gln, Gly-3-->Cys(Pro), Thr-4-->Lys, Asn-15-->Ala(Cys, Glu, Lys, Gln, Arg), Lys-16-->Cys(Arg), Thr-17-->Met(Val)] showed that the substitutions at Asn-2, Gly-3, and Thr-4 had no significant effect on the folding, cellular transport, and/or function of rhodopsin, whereas those at Asn-15 and Lys-16 caused poor folding and were defective in transport to the cell surface. Further, mutant pigments with amino acid replacements at Asn-15 and Thr-17 activated GT very poorly. We conclude that Asn-15 glycosylation is important in signal transduction.
<title>Automated video surveillance with unattended ground sensors</title> (1997)

Video sensors represent one facet of the unattended ground sensors family used to support military operations. This paper provides technical details on a modular, automated video surveillance (AVS) system concept that provides a 4D modeling and segmentation capability. This capability, combining 3D imaging and embedded information processing, enables the AVS to reliably detect and roughly classify objects and activities with a high probable certainty and minimal false alarms. The beneficial result is an elimination of the need for human monitoring and reduction in data transmission requirements by several orders of magnitude. This modular, forward observer AVS sensor package is comprised of integrated CMOS arrays and lenses (one for monoscopic view and two rigidly fixed for stereo), image processing, communication, GPS chips, and battery. This smart sensor is inexpensive, miniature, self-contained, and man-packable. Real-time video processing onboard the sensor provides: analysis and automatic target recognition algorithms enabling robust moving object detection; tracking and delimitation; and target characterization based on motion, size, form factor, texture, and specific identifying characteristics of objects. Automation of video screening tasks provides the benefits of visual surveillance without the associated burden or distraction from the mission. Because of its size and simplicity the AVS requires minimal man-in-the-field set up and lends itself to clandestine deployment.. In the future it may be possible to reliably and cost effectively air deploy the AVS. Each method offers great benefits as unmanned forward observers and sophisticated `tripwires' for battlefield awareness. While well suited for military reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition missions for peacetime and/or wartime applications, the AVS also lends itself to other clandestine applications such as drug interdiction surveillance, monitoring, and tip off.
Genetic organization of the cellulose synthase operon in Acetobacter xylinum. (1990)

An operon encoding four proteins required for bacterial cellulose biosynthesis (bcs) in Acetobacter xylinum was isolated via genetic complementation with strains lacking cellulose synthase activity. Nucleotide sequence analysis indicated that the cellulose synthase operon is 9217 base pairs long and consists of four genes. The four genes--bcsA, bcsB, bcsC, and bcsD--appear to be translationally coupled and transcribed as a polycistronic mRNA with an initiation site 97 bases upstream of the coding region of the first gene (bcsA) in the operon. Results from genetic complementation tests and gene disruption analyses demonstrate that all four genes in the operon are required for maximal bacterial cellulose synthesis in A. xylinum. The calculated molecular masses of the proteins encoded by bcsA, bcsB, bcsC, and bcsD are 84.4, 85.3, 141.0, and 17.3 kDa, respectively. The second gene in the operon (bcsB) encodes the catalytic subunit of cellulose synthase. The functions of the bcsA, bcsC, and bcsD gene products are unknown. Bacterial strains mutated in the bcsA locus were found to be deficient in cellulose synthesis due to the lack of cellulose synthase and diguanylate cyclase activities. Mutants in the bcsC and bcsD genes were impaired in cellulose production in vivo, even though they had the capacity to make all the necessary metabolic precursors and cyclic diguanylic acid, the activator of cellulose synthase, and exhibit cellulose synthase activity in vitro. When the entire operon was present on a multicopy plasmid in the bacterial cell, both cellulose synthase activity and cellulose biosynthesis increased. When the promoter of the cellulose synthase operon was replaced on the chromosome by E. coli tac or lac promoters, cellulose production was reduced in parallel with decreased cellulose synthase activity. These observations suggest that the expression of the bcs operon is rate-limiting for cellulose synthesis in A. xylinum.