gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
'Operation Alien' and the Cold War in Australia, 1950-1953 (1992)

Shortly before daybreak on Wednesday 2 September 1953, Bowen, a small port over 700 miles north of Brisbane, was awakened by the first of seven flights to land on the airfield at the outskirts of town. People feared that an air-borne invasion had occurred, but the troops were Australian, not foreign or Communist, and as was soon revealed, their target was the troubled waterfront. * Under a blanket of secrecy, they had been concentrated at Enoggera Army Camp and on Tuesday evening trucked to Eagle Farm airport in Brisbane. The vanguard boarded a Skymaster at 11.50 pm and took off at 12.07 am. Commandeer orders had been issued to the civil airlines, Trans Australian Airlines and Australian National Airways, and now in the early hours their planes ferried 220 troops to Bowen. They arrived armed, and were encamped at the Drill Hall and the old sea plane base. As it was planned that the state police should be responsible for protective duties, the Queensland Government was given notice of the troop movement at the last minute on Tuesday 1 September. That was passed on to Police Commissioner Smith, and police reinforcements were rushed to Bowen to patrol the wharf and the town, which was declared out of bounds to the troops. Army experts set up radio communication between the wharf and headquarters, and the Army and Australian Stevedoring Industry Board (ASIB) had priority use of the two telephone lines out of Bowen. On the afternoon of their arrival the troops, now unarmed, were taken to the wharf. The force was under the command of 11 Infantry Brigade, and included Korean veterans and technical experts. Under the supervision of senior ASIB officials, troops commenced loading meat on the Port Wellington. The waterside workers in protest refused to work the sugar ships Kookaburra and General Guisan, and the troops were directed to do so. As rail way men refused to shunt wagons to the wharf, at 7.30 pm on Thursday 3 September the army commandeered the Bowen railway yards and a steam locomotive, which soldiers manned, to haul sugar to the wharf. In response, engine drivers pulled the fires on eight locos, and with members of the Australian Railways Union held up the north and south bound mail trains and threatened to close down the entire rail system. With the Bowen Trades and Labour Council taking the lead, miners at Collinsville and Scottville (inland from Bowen) and meatworkers at the nearby Merinda works held 24 hour protest strikes. The meatworkers refused to load meat for the wharf and threatened to shut down the works if troops were used.
Ein „Lithosilicat” mit Kolumnareinheiten: RbLi5{Li[SiO4]}2 (1991)

Abstract Bei dem Versuch, RbLi 3 [SiO 4 ] darzustellen, entstanden erstmals Einkristalle von RbLi 5 {Li[SiO 4 ]} 2 durch Tempern inniger Gemenge der binären Oxide RbO 0,68 , LiO 0,5 und SiO 2 [Rb:Li:Si = 1,1:3,0:1,0; 600°C; 21 d] in fest verschlossenen Ni‐Bömbchen. Das neue „Lithosilicat”︁ kristallisiert monoklin (Raumgruppe C2/m mit a = 1563,1(2) pm, b = 635,4(1) pm, c = 776,3(1) pm, β = 90,53(1)°, Guinier‐Simon‐Daten). Die Kristallstruktur wurde mittels Vierkreisdiffraktometerdaten aufgeklärt [Philips PW 1100, 1237 von 1609 I o (hkl), Z = 4, R = 9,2%, R w = 8,3%], Parameter siehe Text. Der Madelunganteil der Gitterenergie, MAPLE, sowie Effektive Koordinationszahlen, ECoN, diese über Mittlere Fiktive Ionenradien, MEFIR, wurden berechnet.
Phosphatidylserine as a determinant of reticuloendothelial recognition of liposome models of the erythrocyte surface. (1988)

Liposomes formulated to resemble the outer leaflet of the erythrocyte membrane were found to substantially avoid recognition and clearance by the reticuloendothelial system. When these models of the erythrocyte surface were modified by the incorporation of greater than 2 mol % of phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), their ability to remain in the circulation of mice was greatly reduced. To examine whether this altered behavior was the consequence of an alteration in bilayer organization induced by PtdSer, a method utilizing the fluorescent dye merocyanine 540 was used to assess the packing of external phospholipids. No significant difference in overall membrane lipid organization was detected between liposomes containing 2 or 3 mol % of PtdSer, at which dramatic differences in recognition and clearance occurred. These results exclude alterations in phospholipid packing as an indirect cause of increased clearance of PtdSer-containing liposomes and implicate PtdSer directly in recognition by the reticuloendothelial system.
Synthesis of well-defined phosphate-methylated DNA fragments: the application of potassium carbonate in methanol as deprotecting reagent (1990)

A new deprotection procedure in the synthesis of (partially) phosphate-methylated oligodeoxynucleotides has been developed, involving treatment of fully protected DNA fragments with methanolic potassium carbonate. It is shown that base deprotection can be accomplished in potassium carbonate/methanol without affecting the methyl phosphotriesters. This methodology enables us to synthesize, both in solution and on a solid support, DNA fragments which are phosphate-methylated at defined positions. The solid phase synthesis, however, turns out to be accompanied by considerable demethylation of the phosphotriesters. It is demonstrated that this demethylation does not occur during the deprotection or work-up procedure. Furthermore, it was found that the latter side-reaction is suppressed when the standard capping procedure with acetic anhydride is included.
Sustained and Selective Attention in Children with Learning Disabilities (1990)

Sustained and selective attention of 30 fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade students with learning disabilities (LD) and 20 controls were compared. A continuous performance test (CPT) yielded no differences for students with LD and controls, suggesting similar ability for both groups in sustaining attention and inhibiting impulsive responding. Subjects with LD made more errors than controls on a selective attention task when letter distractors were adjacent to the target letter but not when they were distant, and more correct responses than controls when facilitating letters were adjacent to the target, suggesting that students with LD are less able to narrow the focus of their attention. Longer response times by students with LD indicate that they have slower information-processing skills than controls. Regrouping students according to teacher ratings for attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) yielded the customary impulsive response set on the CPT and more errors on the selective attention task, but no differences on response times for students with ADHD. LD students with ADHD made more errors than LD students without ADHD when letter distractors were adjacent to the target letter.
The Role of Different Genes Involoved in Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation - Review (2013)

On the contrast to the well known, that there are other different genes involved in symbiotic nitrogen fixation in addition to nod, nif and fix genes. In this review we will discuss up to date the function of genes that can play a significant role in symbiotic N fixation such as nodulation, nitrogen fixation, production of 2 exopolysaccharides, Type I to Type VI secretion systems and other different genes. Among the other genes that involved in this process, are genes that could be related to host specificity, competition and infection of nodulation process. In addition to the signals from the host plant that are important for plant-Rhizobium communications system. This review article will highlight the discovering of new symbiotic genes and their roles in nitrogen fixation.
The Effects of the Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein 2a on B Cell Function (2001)

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infects B-lymphocytes circulating through the oral epithelium and establishes a lifelong latent infection in a subset of mature-memory B cells. In these latently infected B cells, EBV exhibits limited gene expression with the latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A) being the most consistently detected transcript. This persistent expression, coupled with many studies ofthe function of LMP2A in vitro and invivo, indicates that LMP2A is functioning to control some aspect of viral latency. Establishment and maintenance of viral latency requires exquisite manipulation of normal B cell signaling and function. LMP2A is capable of blocking normal B cell signal transduction in vitro, suggesting that LMP2A may act to regulate lytic activation from latency in vivo. Furthermore, LMP2A is capable of providing B cells with survival signals in the absence of normal BCR signaling. These data show that LMP2A may help EBV-infected cells to persist in vivo. This review discusses the advances that have been made in our understanding of LMP2A and the effects it has on B cell development, activation, and viral latency.
Coreceptor Utilization by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Is Not a Primary Determinant of Neutralization Sensitivity (1998)

We have examined the relationship between coreceptor utilization and sensitivity to neutralization in a primary isolate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and its T-cell line-adapted (TCLA) derivative. We determined that adaptation of the primary-isolate (PI) virus 168P results in the loss of the unique capacity of PI viruses to utilize the CCR5 coreceptor and in the acquisition by the TCLA 168C virus of sensitivity to neutralization by V3-directed monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). In experiments wherein infection by 168P is directed via either the CCR5 or the CXCR4 pathway, we demonstrate that the virus, as well as pseudotyped virions bearing a molecularly cloned 168P envelope protein, remains refractory to neutralization by MAbs 257-D, 268-D, and 50.1 regardless of the coreceptor utilized. This study suggests that coreceptor utilization is not a primary determinant of differential neutralization sensitivity in PI and TCLA viruses.
An Outbreak of Gastroenteritis and Fever Due toListeria monocytogenesin Milk (1997)

L. monocytogenes is a cause of gastroenteritis with fever, and sporadic cases of invasive listeriosis may be due to unrecognized outbreaks caused by contaminated food.
Structural Insights into Calicivirus Attachment and Uncoating (2008)

The Caliciviridae family comprises positive-sense RNA viruses of medical and veterinary significance. In humans, caliciviruses are a major cause of acute gastroenteritis, while in animals respiratory illness, conjunctivitis, stomatitis, and hemorrhagic disease are documented. Investigation of virus-host interactions is limited by a lack of culture systems for many viruses in this family. Feline calicivirus (FCV), a member of the Vesivirus genus, provides a tractable model, since it may be propagated in cell culture. Feline junctional adhesion molecule 1 (fJAM-1) was recently identified as a functional receptor for FCV. We have analyzed the structure of this virus-receptor complex by cryo-electron microscopy and three-dimensional image reconstruction, combined with fitting of homology modeled high-resolution coordinates. We show that domain 1 of fJAM-1 binds to the outer face of the P2 domain of the FCV capsid protein VP1, inducing conformational changes in the viral capsid. This study provides the first structural view of a native calicivirus-protein receptor complex and insights into the mechanisms of virus attachment and uncoating.
Glucosinolates in crucifer vegetables: turnips and rutabagas (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGlucosinolates in crucifer vegetables: turnips and rutabagasDiana G. Carlson, Melvin E. Daxenbichler, Cecil H. VanEtten, Harvey L. Tookey, and Paul H. WilliamsCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1981, 29, 6, 1235–1239Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00108a034https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00108a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views303Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
E- and P-Selectins Are Essential for Repopulation of Chronic Myelogenous and Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemias in a Scid Mouse Xenograft Model (2013)

In chronic myelogenous (CML) and chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL), neoplastic cells spread via the circulation into various extramedullary organs. As E- and P-selectin constitute the starting point for the leucocyte adhesion/invasion cascade, and CEL and CML cells share many properties with normal granulocytes, we investigated the role of these selectins in CEL and CML cell expansion and organ invasion in a xenotransplantation model using scid mice. Using two human leukemic cell lines (EOL-1 and K562), we were able to show that E- and P-selectins mediate leukemia cell tethering and adherence in a laminar flow assay. While E-selectin binding depended on sialylated carbohydrate moieties, P-selectin binding was completely (K562) or partially (EOL-1) independent of these carbohydrates indicating the involvement of non-canonical selectin ligands. In a xenograft model in scid mice, both cell lines invaded the bone marrow and other organs, formed chloromas, and ultimately produced an overt leukemia. In contrast, in E- and P-selectin knockout scid mice, the cells failed to show engraftment in 8 out of 10 animals and even if they did engraft, they produced only little organ invasion and chloroma formation. Together, these data suggest that E- and P-selectins play an important role in leukemic dissemination in CML and CEL.
The effect of the platelet-derived glycosaminoglycan serglycin on in vitro proplatelet-like process formation. (1993)

The formation of proplatelet-like processes on megakaryocytes cultured in vitro has been shown to be inhibited by prothrombin, found residually in human serum, which is converted in culture to thrombin. This study reports that another factor found in human serum will counter this inhibition and permit proplatelet-like process formation to occur in vitro even in the presence of inhibitory concentrations of thrombin. The factor was purified from human platelet lysates and identified by amino acid sequence analysis as the proteoglycan serglycin. A similar, if not identical, factor was found at elevated levels in the plasma of thrombocytopenic rabbits. Serglycin probably functions as a proplatelet potentiator by virtue of a tendency to complex with thrombin. Thrombin in complex with serglycin retains its enzymatic properties, but is apparently sterically hindered from interacting with the megakaryocyte cell surface. In preliminary studies, the in vivo administration of serglycin in mice resulted in an increased number of circulating platelets when given in combination with interleukin-6 (IL-6).
In vivovisualization of prostate brachytherapy seeds with photoacoustic imaging (2014)

We conducted a canine study to investigate the in vivo feasibility of photoacoustic imaging for intraoperative updates to brachytherapy treatment plans. A fiber coupled to a 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser was inserted into high-dose-rate brachytherapy needles, which diffused light spherically. These needles were inserted through the perineum into the prostate for interstitial light delivery and the resulting acoustic waves were detected with a transrectal ultrasound probe. Postoperative computed tomography images and ex vivo photoacoustic images confirmed seed locations. Limitations with insufficient light delivery were mitigated with short-lag spatial coherence (SLSC) beamforming, providing a 10-20 dB contrast improvement over delay-and-sum (DAS) beamforming for pulse energies ranging from 6.8 to 10.5 mJ with a fiber-seed distance as large as 9.5 mm. For the same distance and the same range of energy densities, signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) were similar while the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was higher in SLSC compared to DAS images. Challenges included visualization of signals associated with the interstitial fiber tip and acoustic reverberations between seeds separated by ≤ 2 mm. Results provide insights into the potential for clinical translation to humans.
A pathogenic monoclonal antibody, G8, is characteristic of antierythrocyte autoantibodies from Coombs’-positive NZB mice (1992)

Abstract With age, NZB mice develop anti-RBC autoantibodies resulting in the development of autoimmune hemolytic anemia. We now have evidence that this spontaneous autoantibody response consists of antibodies that are similar in specificity and Id expression to a pathogenic autoantibody (G8) that was cloned from an autoimmune NZB mouse. Similar to autoantibodies eluted from Coombs’-positive mouse E (MRBC), the G8 mAb recognizes native (unmodified) MRBC but not RBC from other species. Interestingly, G8 and four additional mAb bind with a higher titer to bromelain-treated MRBC than to native MRBC. Nucleotide sequence analysis reveals, however, that unlike "natural" antibodies that react solely with bromelain-MRBC, G8 is encoded by a J558 VH gene and a V kappa 12,13 L-chain gene. Thus G8 is clearly distinct from antibodies to bromelain-MRBC which are encoded by unrelated V genes. Instead, the sequence of the G8 VH chain was found to be nearly identical to that of an anti-DNA mAb derived from an MRL-lpr/lpr mouse. The results suggest Coombs’-positive autoantibodies from NZB mice are not derived from "natural" antibodies, but rather, consist of a restricted set of autoantibodies expressing the G8 IdX.
Collective Activity Detection Using Hinge-loss Markov Random Fields (2013)

We propose hinge-loss Markov random fields (HL-MRFs), a powerful class of continuous-valued graphical models, for high-level computer vision tasks. HL-MRFs are characterized by log-concave density functions, and are able to perform efficient, exact inference. Their templated hinge-loss potential functions naturally encode soft-valued logical rules. Using the declarative modeling language probabilistic soft logic, one can easily define HL-MRFs via familiar constructs from first-order logic. We apply HL-MRFs to the task of activity detection, using principles of collective classification. Our model is simple, intuitive and interpretable. We evaluate our model on two datasets and show that it achieves significant lift over the low-level detectors.
Versatile Method for Chemical Reactions with Self-Assembled Monolayers of Alkanethiols on Gold (2001)

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of 11-mercapto-1-undecanol (TOH) and mixed monolayers of TOH and dodecanethiol (TCH3) were transformed to isocyanate-bearing layers by reaction of the hydroxyl groups in the monolayers and mixed layers with 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate (PDI). PDI reacts with only one of its isocyanate groups, yielding a carbamate (urethane) group; conversion of the hydroxyl groups is nearly quantitative, and the attached phenylene isocyanate moiety is oriented perpendicularly to the surface, as indicated by IR reflection measurements at grazing incidence. The free isocyanate groups readily react under mild conditions with a variety of substances, for example, water, alcohols, and amines. Hence, the conversion of surface hydroxyl groups with PDI offers a versatile and straightforward method to modify surfaces and to facilitate further reactions with additional compounds.
Effect of Hunter disease (mucopolysaccharidosis type II) mutations on molecular phenotypes of iduronate‐2‐sulfatase: Enzymatic activity, protein processing and structural analysis (2006)

Mucopolysaccharidosis II (Hunter disease), a lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS), has variable clinical phenotypes. Nearly 300 different mutations have been identified in the IDS gene from patients with Hunter disease, but the correlation between the genotype and phenotype has remained unclear. We studied the characteristics of 11 missense mutations, which were detected in the patients or artificially introduced, using stable expression experiments and structural analysis. The mutants found in the attenuated phenotype showed considerable residual activity (0.2-2.4% of the wild-type IDS activity) and those in the severe phenotype had no activity. In immunoblot analysis, both the 73-75 kDa precursor and processed forms were detected in the expression of 'attenuated' mutants (R48P, A85T and W337R) and the artificial active site mutants (C84S, C84T). The 73-75 kDa initial precursor was detected in the 'severe' mutants (P86L, S333L, S349I, R468Q, R468L). The truncated 68 kDa precursor form was synthesized in the Q531X mutant. The results of immunoblotting indicated rapid degradation and/or insufficiency in processing as a result of structural alteration of the IDS protein. A combination of analyses of genotype and molecular phenotypes, including enzyme activity, protein processing and structural analysis with an engineered reference protein, could provide an avenue to understanding the molecular mechanism of the disease and could give a useful tool for the evaluation of possible therapeutic chemical compounds.
Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of 4-Amino-5-oxopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine Nucleosides (2000)

A number of nucleoside analogues have been either used clinically as anticancer drugs or evaluated in clinical studies, while new nucleoside analogues continue to show promise. In this article, we report synthesis and cytotoxicity of a series of new pyrido[2, 3-d]pyrimidine nucleosides. 2-Amino-3-cyano-4-methoxypyridine was converted, in two steps, to 4-amino-5-oxopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine. A variety of 1-O-acetylated pentose sugar derivatives were condensed with silylated 4-amino-5-oxopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine, followed by protection, to afford a series of 4-amino-5-oxopyrido[2, 3-d]pyrimidine nucleosides. Further derivatizations provided an additional group of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine nucleosides. These nucleosides were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity to human prostate cancer (HTB-81) and mouse melanoma (B16) cells as well as normal human fibroblasts (NHF). A number of compounds (1a,b, 2a-c,f, 3f+4d) showed significant cytotoxicity to cancer cells, with 4-amino-5-oxo-8-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine (1b) being the most potent proliferation inhibitor (EC(50): 0.06-0.08 microM) to all types of cells tested. However, a selective inhibition to the cancer cells was observed for 4-amino-5-oxo-8-(beta-D-xylofuranosyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine (2b), which is a potent inhibitor of HTB-81 (EC(50): 0.73 microM) and has a favorable in vitro selectivity index (28).