gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Beat-ID: identifying music via beat analysis (2004)

Music identification is an effective tool that enables multimedia players to extract a distinct statistical digest of the played content, look up into a music database using the extracted unique identifier, and then take advantage of the services available for that particular content. In this paper, we introduce beat-IDs, the first music identification system that creates the digest of the music clip by understanding the basic structure of every musical piece: its beat. A beat-ID is created in two steps: first, the system detects the average beat period of a given music clip using a modified EM algorithm and then, it analyzes the statistical properties of the clip with respect to the detected beats. The extracted 32-byte beat-ID contains two components: the length of the average beat period and a compressed statistical digest of signal's energy distribution in an average beat period. Finally, we introduce an algorithm for matching beat-IDs that quantifies the matching accuracy between two music identifiers using an error analysis. In this paper, the properties of beat-IDs are demonstrated using a relatively small database of audio clips.
Synthesis of .alpha.-substituted .alpha.-amino acids via cationic intermediates (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of .alpha.-substituted .alpha.-amino acids via cationic intermediatesEric C. Roos, M. Carmen Lopez, Michael A. Brook, Henk Hiemstra, W. Nico Speckamp, Bernard Kaptein, Johan Kamphuis, and Hans E. SchoemakerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 12, 3259–3268Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00064a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00064a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views506Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The role of T lymphocytes in immunity to Plasmodium falciparum. Enhancement of neutrophil-mediated parasite killing by lymphotoxin and IFN-gamma: comparisons with tumor necrosis factor effects (1991)

Human neutrophils were treated with IFN-gamma or lymphotoxin and their interaction with the asexual blood forms of Plasmodium falciparum was studied by a radiometric assay and microscopy. The results showed that human neutrophils inhibited the growth of P. falciparum and killed the parasite via a phagocytic mechanism. The cytokines significantly augmented the neutrophil-mediated killing of the parasite. When compared with the effects of TNF-alpha similar results were seen although IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha were effective at 10-fold less the concentration of lymphotoxin. The maximum neutrophil-mediated parasite killing was seen in the presence of immune serum and the cytokines. These findings suggest that T cells regulate the antimalarial activity of neutrophils.
Can Well-Timed Jolts Keep Out Unwanted Exotic Fish? (2003)

In a desperate bid to prevent the spread of invasive fish, researchers are nervously awaiting the first real test of an unprecedented barrier.
Purification and characterization of a protein from human cells which promotes homologous pairing of DNA. (1990)

A human protein of approximately 120 kilodaltons has been purified to homogeneity based on its ability to catalyze the homology-dependent transfer of the complementary strand from a linear duplex DNA to a circular single-strand DNA. The activity was purified from an immature T-cell acute leukemic tumor cell line, with the majority of enrichment obtained by chromatography on a novel Z-DNA affinity column. The human homologous pairing protein was found to absolutely require homologous DNA substrates in a reaction that needs nearly stoichiometric amounts of protein. The homologous pairing activity is not stimulated by addition of exogenous ATP; however, the photo-cross-linking ATP analog 8-azidoadenosine 5'-[32P] triphosphate (8-N3-[32P]ATP) binds specifically to the homologous pairing protein. Electron microscopic analysis demonstrated the formation of all expected products. Intermediate strand-exchange products were shown to conserve the displaced DNA strands, eliminating many alternate explanations for the homologous pairing activity. These and other biochemical properties described in this report suggest that the nature of homologous pairing by the human protein is functionally similar to that of the bacterial RecA protein, although the exact mechanism of strand exchange may be somewhat different.
DEDIX - Development of Fully Integrated Multichannel ASIC for High Count Rate Digital X-ray Imaging Systems (2006)

We present the development of a 64 channel readout ASIC called DEDIX for high count rate position-sensitive measurements using semiconductor detectors. The ASIC is designed in 0.35 mum CMOS process and its total area is 3400 times 5000 mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The DEDIX has a binary readout architecture. Each channel is built of a charge sensitive amplifier (CSA) with a pole-zero cancellation circuit, a shaper, two independent discriminators and two independent 20-bit counters. The size of the input device in CSA has been optimized for a detector capacitance in the range of 1-3 pF per strip. An equivalent noise charge of 110 el rms has been achieved for a total detector capacitance of 1 pF at the shaper peaking time of 160 ns. Internal correction DAC implemented in each channel independently ensures the low spread of effective threshold of discriminators at 0.4 mV on one sigma level. The mean gain in the multichannel ASIC is 54 muV/el, with a good uniformity from channel to channel (sd/mean = 0.8%). Low noise performance and high rate capability have been demonstrated by the measurement up to and above 1 MHz of average rate of input signals.
The Oxidation of Aromatic Aldehydes to Carboxylic Acids Using Hydrogen Peroxide in Formic Acid (1993)

Aromatic aldehydes and particularly heteroaromatic aldehydes 1 are efficiently and conveniently oxidized to their corresponding carboxylic acids 2 by hydrogen peroxide in formic acid at 4°C.
Complementary DNA Coding Click Beetle Luciferases Can Elicit Bioluminescence of Different Colors (1989)

Eleven complementary DNA (cDNA) clones were generated from messenger RNA isolated from abdominal light organs of the bioluminescent click beetle, Pyrophorus plagiophthalamus. When expressed in Escherichia coli, these clones can elicit bioluminescence that is readily visible. The clones code for luciferases of four types, distinguished by the colors of bioluminescence they catalyze: green (546 nanometers), yellow-green (560 nanometers), yellow (578 nanometers), and orange (593 nanometers). The amino acid sequences of the different luciferases are 95 to 99 percent identical with each other, but are only 48 percent identical with the sequence of firefly luciferase (Photinus pyralis). Because of the different colors, these clones may be useful in experiments in which multiple reporter genes are needed.
Constitutive Nuclear Factor κB Activity Is Required for Survival of Activated B Cell–like Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma Cells (2001)

Gene expression profiling has revealed that diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) consists of at least two distinct diseases. Patients with one DLBCL subtype, termed activated B cell-like (ABC) DLBCL, have a distinctly inferior prognosis. An untapped potential of gene expression profiling is its ability to identify pathogenic signaling pathways in cancer that are amenable to therapeutic attack. The gene expression profiles of ABC DLBCLs were notable for the high expression of target genes of the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB transcription factors, raising the possibility that constitutive activity of the NF-kappaB pathway may contribute to the poor prognosis of these patients. Two cell line models of ABC DLBCL had high nuclear NF-kappaB DNA binding activity, constitutive IkappaB kinase (IKK) activity, and rapid IkappaB(alpha) degradation that was not seen in cell lines representing the other DLBCL subtype, germinal center B-like (GCB) DLBCL. Retroviral transduction of a super-repressor form of IkappaBalpha or dominant negative forms of IKKbeta was toxic to ABC DLBCL cells but not GCB DLBCL cells. DNA content analysis showed that NF-kappaB inhibition caused both cell death and G1-phase growth arrest. These findings establish the NF-kappaB pathway as a new molecular target for drug development in the most clinically intractable subtype of DLBCL and demonstrate that the two DLBCL subtypes defined by gene expression profiling utilize distinct pathogenetic mechanisms.
Effect of spin-polarized electric current on spin-wave radiation by spin-valve nanocontacts (2007)

Using a spatially resolved microfocus Brillouin light scattering technique with spatial resolution of 250nm, the authors have studied radiation of spin waves by a spin-valve nanocontact into a continuous underlying magnetic film. They have found that a spin-polarized electric current flowing through the contact affects the intensity of radiated spin waves. They show that for one of the directions of the current, the spin-wave intensity is noticeably increased, whereas for the other direction, spin waves are suppressed. They associate the findings with an amplification of spin waves due to spin-torque-transfer phenomena.
Phylogenetic relationships of reverse transcriptase and RNase H sequences and aspects of genome structure in the gypsy group of retrotransposons. (1993)

The gypsy group of long-terminal-repeat retrotransposons contains elements having the same order of enzyme domains in the pol gene as do retroviruses. Elements in the gypsy group are now known from yeast, filamentous fungi, plants, insects, and echinoids. Reverse transcriptase and RNase H amino acid sequences from elements in the gypsy group--including the recently described SURL elements, TED, Cft1, and Ulysses,--were aligned and analyzed by using parsimony and bootstrapping methods, with plant caulimoviruses and/or retroviruses as outgroups. Clades supported at the 95% level after bootstrapping include (1) 17.6 with 297 and (2) all of the SURL elements together. Other likely relationships supported at lower bootstrap confidence intervals include (1) SURL elements with mag, (2) 17.6 and 297 with TED, and this collective group with 412 and gypsy, (3) Tf1 with Cft1, (4) IFG7 with Del, and (5) all of the retrotransposons in the gypsy group together, to the exclusion of Ty3. In contrast with an earlier analysis, our results place mag within the gypsy group rather than outside of a cluster that contains gypsy group retrotransposons and plant caulimoviruses. Several features of retrotransposon genomes provide further support for some of the aforementioned relationships. The union of SURL elements with mag is supported by the presence of two RNA binding sites in the nucleocapsid protein. Location of the tRNA primer binding site and the presence of a long open reading frame 3' to the pol gene support the 17.6-297-TED-412-gypsy cluster.
Psychedelic Effects of Ketamine in Healthy Volunteers (1998)

Subanesthetic doses of ketamine produce psychedelic effects in healthy volunteers. The relation between steady-state venous plasma ketamine concentrations and effects is highly linear between 50 and 200 ng/ml.
Discovery of an unusual biosynthetic origin for circular proteins in legumes (2011)

Cyclotides are plant-derived proteins that have a unique cyclic cystine knot topology and are remarkably stable. Their natural function is host defense, but they have a diverse range of pharmaceutically important activities, including uterotonic activity and anti-HIV activity, and have also attracted recent interest as templates in drug design. Here we report an unusual biosynthetic origin of a precursor protein of a cyclotide from the butterfly pea, Clitoria ternatea, a representative member of the Fabaceae plant family. Unlike all previously reported cyclotides, the domain corresponding to the mature cyclotide from this Fabaceae plant is embedded within an albumin precursor protein. We confirmed the expression and correct processing of the cyclotide encoded by the Cter M precursor gene transcript following extraction from C. ternatea leaf and sequencing by tandem mass spectrometry. The sequence was verified by direct chemical synthesis and the peptide was found to adopt a classic knotted cyclotide fold as determined by NMR spectroscopy. Seven additional cyclotide sequences were also identified from C. ternatea leaf and flower, five of which were unique. Cter M displayed insecticidal activity against the cotton budworm Helicoverpa armigera and bound to phospholipid membranes, suggesting its activity is modulated by membrane disruption. The Fabaceae is the third largest family of flowering plants and many Fabaceous plants are of huge significance for human nutrition. Knowledge of Fabaceae cyclotide gene transcripts should enable the production of modified cyclotides in crop plants for a variety of agricultural or pharmaceutical applications, including plant-produced designer peptide drugs.
Effect of Plant Growth-promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPRs) on plant growth, yield, and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) under simulated seawater irrigation (2012)

To determine the effects of three PGPRs on plant growth, yield, and quality of tomato under simulated seawater irrigation, a two consecutive seasons' field experiment was conducted in Yancheng Teachers University plot from April to June and August to October, 2011. The results showed that Erwinia persicinus RA2 containing ACC deaminase exhibited the best ability compared with Bacillus pumilus WP8 and Pseudomonas putida RBP1 which had no ACC deaminase activity to enhance marketable yields of fresh and dried fruits in tomato under simulated seawater irrigation especially under HS condition. B. pumilus WP8 had significant effects on improving tomato fruit quality under the conditions of irrigating with 1.0% NaCl solution (MS) and with 2.0% NaCl solution (HS). Na(+) contents were generally accumulated much more in tomato plant mid-shoot leaves than in fruits whatever the salt concentration. More sodium accumulation in leaves of E. persicinus RA2 and B. pumilus WP8 treatments under HS condition were found than in control. E. persicinus RA2 and B. pumilus WP8 can promote tomato growth, improve fruit quality more firmly than P. putida RBP1 during two consecutive seasons. Our study suggested that E. persicinus RA2 and B. pumilus WP8 are considered to be promising PGPR strains which are suited for application in salt marsh planting, ACC deaminase activity was not unique index on screening for PGPRs with the aim of salt stress tolerance, and plant growth promoting activities may be relevant to different growth indices and different stress conditions.
Vaccination of Macaques against Pathogenic Simian Immunodeficiency Virus with Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Replicon Particles (2000)

Vaccine vectors derived from Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE) that expressed simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) immunogens were tested in rhesus macaques as part of the effort to design a safe and effective vaccine for human immunodeficiency virus. Immunization with VEE replicon particles induced both humoral and cellular immune responses. Four of four vaccinated animals were protected against disease for at least 16 months following intravenous challenge with a pathogenic SIV swarm, while two of four controls required euthanasia at 10 and 11 weeks. Vaccination reduced the mean peak viral load 100-fold. The plasma viral load was reduced to below the limit of detection (1,500 genome copies/ml) in one vaccinated animal between 6 and 16 weeks postchallenge and in another from week 6 through the last sampling time (40 weeks postchallenge). The extent of reduction in challenge virus replication was directly correlated with the strength of the immune response induced by the vectors, which suggests that vaccination was effective.
Superconducting circuit quantum computing with nanomechanical resonators as storage (2018)

We analyze the quantum information processing capability of a superconducting transmon circuit used to mediate interactions between quantum information stored in a collection of phononic crystal cavity resonators. Having only a single processing element to be controlled externally makes this approach significantly less hardware-intensive than traditional architectures with individual control of each qubit. Moreover, when compared with the commonly considered alternative approach using coplanar waveguide or 3d cavity microwave resonators for storage, the nanomechanical resonators offer both very long lifetime and small size -- two conflicting requirements for microwave resonators. A detailed gate error analysis leads to an optimal value for the qubit-resonator coupling rate as a function of the number of mechanical resonators in the system. For a given set of system parameters, a specific amount of coupling and number of resonators is found to optimize the quantum volume, an approximate measure for the computational capacity of a system. We see this volume is higher in the proposed hybrid nanomechanical architecture than in the competing on-chip electromagnetic approach.
Early Guillain-Barre Syndrome Without Inflammation (1992)

A patient with typical acute Guillain-Barré syndrome died 72 hours after his first symptoms occurred, and an autopsy was performed 8 hours after his death. Extensive sampling of cranial and peripheral nerves, sensory ganglia, and autonomic nerves showed only minimal inflammatory lymphocytic and macrophage infiltrates. This case, one of the earliest studied extensively, represents an extreme example of a noninflammatory mechanism that has been proposed in some cases of Gullain-Barré syndrome.
Syntheses of Heterocyclic Compounds of Nitrogen. CXXVI. Syntheses of Oxazolopyridines and Related Compounds. (7). (1961)

1) 7-Substituted 2-methyl- or 2-phenyl-oxazolo [4, 5-c] pyridines were prepared from 3, 5-dinitro-4-hydroxypyridine and some of them were hydrogenated over palladium-carbon or Raney nickel. 2) By examination of the hydrolysis products of 2-methyl-7-nitro (or bromo)-oxazolo-[4, 5-c] pyridine monomethiodide and 2-methyloxazolo [4, 5-b] pyridine monomethiodide, it was confirmed that methyl iodide combined with nitrogen atom in the pyridine ring of oxazolopyridine system.
Tunable optics derived from nonlinear acoustic effects (2004)

Gradient index lenses were formed in a liquid-filled cavity supporting an ultrasonic standing wave. The constructed devices acted as diverging lenses or axicon lenses, depending on whether the center or edge region is interrogated. The focal length of the diverging lens was controllable with the frequency and amplitude of applied ultrasound from −100 mm to negative infinity. Experiments and models suggest that the primary process contributing to lensing is the steady-state density component of the finite-amplitude standing wave; sound amplitudes up to 150 MPa were calculated in glycerin, corresponding to a maximum contrast in the refractive on the order of 0.1%. This amplitude was also sufficient to move high index nanometer-scale particles via an acoustic radiation force and thereby create larger refractive index gradients. The segregation of suspended nanoparticles was found to enhance the lensing effects that occurred in the pure fluids. Concepts are also explored to manipulate the particle distribution in order to create converging lenses and/or other desirable optical components.
Haplotype relative risks: an easy reliable way to construct a proper control sample for risk calculations (1987)

An alternative to Woolf's (1955) relative risk (RR) statistic is proposed for use in calculating the risk of disease in the presence of particular antigens or phenotypes. This alternative uses, as the control sample, the parental antigens or haplotypes not present in the affected child. The formulation of a haplotype relative risk (HRR) thus eliminates the problems of sampling from the same homogeneous population to form both the disease sample and an appropriate control. We show that, in families selected through a single affected individual, where transmission of the four parental haplotypes can be followed unambiguously, the mathematical expectation of the HRR is identical to that of the RR. Since the sample formed from the 'non-affected' parental haplotypes is clearly from the same population as the disease sample, the HRR thus provides a reliable alternative to the RR. A further advantage obtains when family data are being collected as part of a study since the control sample is then automatically contained in the family material. Data from studies of patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) are used to obtain an estimate of the risk to those with HLA antigens or phenotypes associated with IDDM using the HRR statistic. A comparison of the HRR's and RR's for these data is also presented.
Assessment of Neutrophil Function in the Dairy Cow during the Perinatal Period (1988)

Summary Chemotactic response, luminol dependent chemiluminescence of neutrophils and cortisol concentration in blood plasma were measured in 10 dairy cows in order to evaluate neutrophil function during the perinatal period. A decrease in chemotactic response was observed in correlation with parturition. This reduction may be due to the high concentration accompanying parturition and stress during this period. The results indicate a decrease in neutrophil function. The increased susceptibility to bacterial infection during the perinatal period may be attributable to this decreased neutrophil function. Zusammenfassung Die chemotaktische Antwort und luminolabhängige Chemiluminiszenz von neutrophilen Granulozyten sowie die Cortisolkonzentration im Blutplasma wurden bei 10 Milchkühen vier Wochen vor bis vier Wochen nach dem Abkalben gemessen. In Verbindung mit dem Abkalben konnte eine Abnahme der chemotaktischen Antwort festgestellt werden. Diese Verminderung könnte eine Folge der hohen Cortisolkonzentrationen sein, die während der Geburt und dem damit verbundenen Streß auftreten. Die Ergebnisse weisen auf eine Abnahme der Funktion der neutrophilen Granulozyten hin. Damit ließe sich die steigende Empfindlichkeit gegenüber bakteriellen Infektionen während des perinatalen Zeitraumes auf den Funktionsverlust der neutrophilen Granulozyten zurückführen.
Detailed analysis of histopathological parameters in radical prostatectomy specimens and PCA3 urine test results (2008)

In this study we could not prove the prognostic value of PCA3. Further research with large numbers of men and adequate follow-up is needed to provide a definitive answer to the question if PCA3 is not only a diagnostic but also a prognostic PCa marker.