gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sliding mode control of a single-phase AC/DC/AC converter (2002)

The work is devoted to the design of a sliding mode control scheme for a single-phase AC/DC/AC converter in an output AC signal tracking task, maintaining unity power factor in the input stage. The control scheme is found to be robust with respect to parameter variations and external disturbances. The analysis of the sliding domain provides us with a converter parameter design procedure which, in turn, can be used to minimize the DC-link capacitors.
ETV6-NTRK3 Is Expressed in a Subset of ALK-Negative Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumors (2016)

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a genetically heterogenous tumor of the viscera and soft tissues, with multiple molecular features having been demonstrated in this tumor type. About 50% of cases harbor an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangement, and recent studies have described novel fusions involving the ROS1 and PDGFRβ genes in a subset of ALK-negative cases. However, the molecular features of the remaining subset of cases are not yet defined. We report a case of a large, highly aggressive IMT of the lung in a 17-year-old girl. This case was molecularly characterized through whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing. Subsequently, we investigated a cohort of 15 ALK-negative IMTs of various anatomic sites. All cases were screened using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for rearrangement of the ETV6 locus and with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the ETV6-NTRK3 fusion transcript. Whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing revealed an ETV6-NTRK3 fusion transcript in our index case. This was confirmed by FISH studies for ETV6 gene rearrangement, as well as by RT-PCR. In addition, 2 additional cases in our cohort demonstrated ETV6 rearrangement by FISH. The presence of ETV6-NTRK3 fusion transcript was demonstrated by RT-PCR in one of these additional cases. In summary, we demonstrate the expression of the ETV6-NTRK3 fusion oncogene in a small subset of IMTs, lending further support to the role of oncogenic tyrosine kinases in the pathophysiology of this tumor type. Our data also further expand the growing spectrum of tumor types expressing the ETV6-NTRK3 fusion.
Glomerular Filtration Rate Measured by Using Triphasic Helical CT with a Two-Point Patlak Plot Technique (2004)

Total GFR can be measured accurately with minimally extended triphasic CT in patients without acute renal disorder by using a two-point Patlak plot technique.
Hypersensitivity reactions to teniposide (VM-26): an analysis. (1986)

An analysis of hypersensitivity reactions to teniposide was approached using three methods: investigator survey, adverse drug reaction analysis, and literature search. By the survey method, hypersensitivity incidence was 6.5% with the majority of the reactions (82%) occurring in brain tumor or neuroblastoma patients. By the second method, 43 cases of hypersensitivity that were reported to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) between January 1983 and October 1985 were analyzed in detail. Reaction onset was unpredictable according to the number of drug doses. The majority of the patients (65%) experiencing the reaction had neuroblastoma or brain tumors, and these patients also tended to react earlier in the course of drug administration than those with hematologic malignancies. Clinical presentation was not correlated with the patient's diagnosis. All patients recovered. However, only six of 13 were successfully rechallenged with the drug. The third approach, the literature search, provided information on 82 hypersensitivity reactions among 2,250 patients (3.6% incidence). Forty-five percent of these reactions were linked to neuroblastoma or brain tumor patients. The analysis of hypersensitivity to teniposide by these three methods provides insight into the true incidence of hypersensitivity reactions in the general patient population. The frequency of the reactions is substantially higher in patients with neuroblastoma and brain tumors. This population should be considered for future trials of aggressive prophylactic therapy.
Chronic Allograft Rejection Associated Vasculopathy and Synthetic Biodegradable Vascular Grafts: A Lesson to Learn? (2000)

In chronic allografts, graft vessels eventually develop so-called "transplant vascular sclerosis" or "intimal hyperplasia". A major question is whether the cells in the neointima are donor or recipient derived. The process of transplant vascular sclerosis closely resembles the remodeling of the vascular wall as seen when synthetic biodegradable small caliber vascular grafts are implanted. In this model, the cells in the newly developing neointima as well as neomedia are, by definition, recipient derived. By using cardiac allografts as well as aortic allografts exchanged between a female donor and a male recipient (rats), the origin of the neointimal vascular smooth muscle cells could be traced by looking for the Y-chromosome in isolated (alpha-actin positive) intimal cells using PCR. In both models these intimal cells were found to be of recipient-origin. It is proposed, that, basically, this remodeling process is part of a normal healing process. Whereas in biodegradable grafts this "healing process" appears to be self limiting, in allografts the process goes on beyond the needs of functional repair, eventually, in some cases, leading to total vascular occlusion. Future therapeutic protocols might try and aim at controlling this essentially normal repair process.
Microfluidic Devices Connected to Fused-Silica Capillaries with Minimal Dead Volume (1999)

Fused-silica capillaries have been connected to microfluidic devices for capillary electrophoresis by drilling into the edge of the device using 200-μm tungsten carbide drills. The standard pointed drill bits create a hole with a conical-shaped bottom that leads to a geometric dead volume of 0.7 nL at the junction, and significant band broadening when used with 0.2-nL sample plugs. The plate numbers obtained on the fused-silica capillary connected to the chip were about 16-25% of the predicted numbers. The conical area was removed with a flat-tipped drill bit and the band broadening was substantially eliminated (on average 98% of the predicted plate numbers were observed). All measurements were made while the device was operating with an electrospray from the end of the capillary. The effective dead volume of the flat-bottom connection is minimal and allows microfluidic devices to be connected to a wide variety of external detectors.
Java intermediate bytecodes (1995)

Java is a programming language loosely related to C++. Java originated in a project to produce a software development environment for small distributed embedded systems. Programs needed to be small, fast, “safe” and portable. These needs led to a design that is rather different from standard practice. In particular, the form of compiled programs is machine independent bytecodes. But we needed to manipulate programs in ways usually associated with higher level, more abstract intermediate representations. This lets us build systems that are safer, less fragile, more portable, and yet show little performance penalty while still being simple.
Effect of Burdock Root and the Fermented Product on Alloxan-Induced Mouse Hyperglycemia (2015)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Backgrounds:&lt;/strong&gt; We reported that feeding 5% &lt;em&gt;Asperagillus awamori-&lt;/em&gt;fermented burdock root diet was effective in preventing mouse hyperglycemia caused by alloxan.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; Diets containing 5% burdock roots were prepared from raw and &lt;em&gt;Asperagillus awamori-&lt;/em&gt;fermented burdock root powders. Acatalasemic mice&lt;strong&gt;,&lt;/strong&gt; having a quite low catalase activity in blood, and normal mice were fed these diets for 14 weeks, separately. Then, alloxan (200 mg/ kg of body weight) or PBS was intraperitoneally administrated to each mouse. After 5 day from the administration, blood glucose assay and glucose tolerance test were carried out, and then insulin, C-peptide and lipid peroxide in plasma were examined.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; Incidences of hyperglycemia in normal mice fed control, raw and fermented burdock root diets were 25, 20 and 11 %, respectively, and these in acatalasemic mice&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;were 73, 80 and 27%. Insulin and C-peptide in plasma of mice fed raw burdock root diet or control diet were low compared to mice fed the fermented diet.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; Intake of raw burdock root does not suppress the alloxan-induced hyperglycemia but the fermented burdock root does. It is suggested that &lt;em&gt;Asperagillus awamori&lt;/em&gt; plays an important role for the prevention.&lt;/p&gt;
Mutagenesis of the 3' nontranslated region of Sindbis virus RNA (1990)

A cDNA clone from which infectious RNA can be transcribed was used to construct 42 site-specific mutations in the 3' nontranslated region of the Sindbis virus genome. The majority of these mutations were made in the 3'-terminal 19-nucleotide conserved sequence element and consisted of single nucleotide substitutions or of small (1 to 8) nucleotide deletions. An attempt was made to recover mutant viruses after transfection of SP6-transcribed RNA into chicken cells. In most cases, viable virus was recovered, but almost all mutants grew more poorly than wild-type virus when tested under a number of culture conditions. In the case of mutations having only a moderate effect, the virus grew as well as the wild type but was slightly delayed in growth. Mutations having a more severe effect led to lower virus yields. In many cases, virus growth was more severely impaired in mosquito cells than in chicken cells, but the opposite phenotype was also seen, in which the mutant grew as well as or better than the wild type in mosquito cells but more poorly in chicken cells. One substitution mutant, 3NT7C, was temperature sensitive for growth in chicken cells and severely crippled for growth in mosquito cells. Insertion mutations were also constructed which displaced the 19-nucleotide element by a few nucleotides relative to the poly(A) tail. These mutations had little effect on virus growth. Deletion of large regions (31 to 293 nucleotides long) of the 3' nontranslated region outside of the 19-nucleotide element resulted in viruses which were more severely crippled in mosquito cells than in chicken cells. From these results, the following principles emerge. (i) The entire 3' nontranslated region is important for efficient virus replication, although there is considerable plasticity in this region in that most nucleotide substitutions or deletions made resulted in viable virus and, in some cases, in virus that grew quite efficiently. Replication competence was particularly sensitive to changes involving the C at position 1, the A at position 7, and a stretch of 9 U residues punctuated by a G at position 14. (ii) The panel of mutants examined collectively deleted the entire 3' nontranslated region. Only mutants in which 8 nucleotides in the 3' terminal 19 nucleotides had been deleted or in which the 3' terminal C was deleted were nonviable. Although the 3' terminal C was essential for replication, it could be displaced by at least 7 nucleotides from its 3' terminal position adjacent to the poly(A) tract.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Reovirus Therapy of Tumors with Activated Ras Pathway (1998)

Human reovirus requires an activated Ras signaling pathway for infection of cultured cells. To investigate whether this property can be exploited for cancer therapy, severe combined immune deficient mice bearing tumors established from v-erbB-transformed murine NIH 3T3 cells or human U87 glioblastoma cells were treated with the virus. A single intratumoral injection of virus resulted in regression of tumors in 65 to 80 percent of the mice. Treatment of immune-competent C3H mice bearing tumors established from ras-transformed C3H-10T1/2 cells also resulted in tumor regression, although a series of injections were required. These results suggest that, with further work, reovirus may have applicability in the treatment of cancer.
Naked DNA in Gene Therapy (2006)

Abstract ‘Naked DNA’ is DNA without an association with any synthetic or naturally occurring compounds. Significant progress has been made in the use of naked DNA for gene delivery.
Approval Summary: Azacitidine for Treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndrome Subtypes (2005)

On May 19, 2004 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved azacitidine as injectable suspension for treatment of patients with the following myelodysplastic syndrome subtypes: refractory anemia or refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (if accompanied by neutropenia or thrombocytopenia or requiring transfusions), refractory anemia with excess blasts, refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation, and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Full prescribing information is available at http://www.fda.gov/cder/foi/label/2004/050794lbl.pdf. Azacitidine is the first agent approved for treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome.
Fibromyalgia Criteria and Severity Scales for Clinical and Epidemiological Studies: A Modification of the ACR Preliminary Diagnostic Criteria for Fibromyalgia (2011)

A modification to the ACR 2010 criteria will allow their use in epidemiologic and clinical studies without the requirement for an examiner. The criteria are simple to use and administer, but they are not to be used for self-diagnosis. The FS may have wide utility beyond the bounds of FM, including substitution for widespread pain in epidemiological studies.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) response in humans: characterization of HLA class II-restricted CTLs that recognize endogenously synthesized HBV envelope antigens (1992)

In this study, we show that CD4+, hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope-specific T-cell clones produced by stimulation with a particulate antigen preparation are able to recognize and kill not only autologous antigen-presenting cells incubated with exogenous HBV envelope antigens but also autologous HLA class II-positive cells expressing endogenously synthesized HBV envelope antigens following infection with recombinant vaccinia viruses or transfection with recombinant Epstein-Barr virus expression vectors. Experiments with lysosomotropic agents and brefeldin A suggest that the endosomal compartment is likely involved in the processing of endogenously synthesized viral proteins for recognition by CD4+ T cells. Our study indicates that HBV envelope-specific, HLA class II-restricted CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes can potentially participate in the immune clearance of HBV-infected cells and the pathogenesis of hepatocellular injury in hepatitis B.
Utilising inorganic nanocarriers for gene delivery (2015)

The delivery of genetic materials into cells to elicit cellular responses has been extensively studied by biomaterials scientists globally. Many materials such as lipids, peptides, viruses, synthetically modified cationic polymers and certain inorganic nanomaterials could be used to complex the negatively charged plasmids and deliver the formed package into cells. The recent literature on the delivery of genetic materials utilising inorganic nanoparticles is carefully examined in this review. We have picked out the most relevant references and concisely summarised the findings with illustrated examples. We further propose alternative approaches and suggest future pathways towards the practical use of multifunctional nanocarriers.
Modeling and Optimization of Superhydrophobic Condensation (2013)

Superhydrophobic micro/nanostructured surfaces for dropwise condensation have recently received significant attention due to their potential to enhance heat transfer performance by shedding water droplets via coalescence-induced droplet jumping at length scales below the capillary length. However, achieving optimal surface designs for such behavior requires capturing the details of transport processes that is currently lacking. While comprehensive models have been developed for flat hydrophobic surfaces, they cannot be directly applied for condensation on micro/nanostructured surfaces due to the dynamic droplet-structure interactions. In this work, we developed a unified model for dropwise condensation on superhydrophobic structured surfaces by incorporating individual droplet heat transfer, size distribution, and wetting morphology. Two droplet size distributions were developed, which are valid for droplets undergoing coalescence-induced droplet jumping, and exhibiting either a constant or variable contact angle droplet growth. Distinct emergent droplet wetting morphologies, Cassie jumping, Cassie nonjumping, or Wenzel, were determined by coupling of the structure geometry with the nucleation density and considering local energy barriers to wetting. The model results suggest a specific range of geometries (0.5–2 μm) allowing for the formation of coalescence-induced jumping droplets with a 190% overall surface heat flux enhancement over conventional flat dropwise condensing surfaces. Subsequently, the effects of four typical self-assembled monolayer promoter coatings on overall heat flux were investigated. Surfaces exhibiting coalescence-induced droplet jumping were not sensitive (&lt;5%) to the coating wetting characteristics (contact angle hysteresis), which was in contrast to surfaces relying on gravitational droplet removal. Furthermore, flat surfaces with low promoter coating contact angle hysteresis (&lt;2 deg) outperformed structured superhydrophobic surfaces when the length scale of the structures was above a certain size (&gt;2 μm). This work provides a unified model for dropwise condensation on micro/nanostructured superhydrophobic surfaces and offers guidelines for the design of structured surfaces to maximize heat transfer. Keywords: superhydrophobic condensation, jumping droplets, droplet coalescence, condensation optimization, environmental scanning electron microscopy; micro/nanoscale water condensation, condensation heat transfer.
A Workflow for Integrated Barnett Shale Gas Reservoir Modeling and Simulation (2009)

Abstract The Mississippian Barnett Shale reservoirs have opened a new era for US gas production. Many reservoir characterization efforts have been made and completion practices established to help understand the Barnett Shale reservoirs. The borehole image interpretation, drilling-induced fractures and conductive/healed fractures, reveals stress regime orientation, fracture morphology and their orientations. The interpreted results guide the design of horizontal wells to control hydraulic fracture directions and intensities. Conventional logs and cores have been used to classify lithofacies and estimate petrophysical and geomechanical properties for well positioning and reserve calculations. The seismic survey is not only interpreted for structure horizons and faults, but also analyzed for 3D property evaluations such as lithofacies distribution, discrete fracture network, and stress field. On the operation side, longer horizontal wells are drilled and massive multistage, multicluster hydraulic fracturing treatments (HFT) are executed. Various well placement and HFT schemes are performed. The microseismic (MS) has played an important role in understanding the estimation of hydraulic fraturing stimulated reservoir volume (ESV) and fracture intensities. In spite of this tremendous effort and progress, a systematic methodology appears lacking in the literature to integrate the variety of information and obtain accurate reservoir characterizations. In this paper, we present an integration workflow that incorporates seismic interpretations and attributes, borehole image and log interpretations, core analysis, HFT, and microseimic data to construct reservoir models and discrete fracture networks that are then upscaled to dual-porosity reservoir models for numerical simulation. The application of this workflow in field studies has revealed important observations and provided better understanding of the reservoirs. This integration workflow demonstrates an effective methodology for capturing the essential characteristics of Barnett Shale gas reservoirs, and offers a quantitative means and platform for optimizing shale gas production.
Robust multi-algorithm object recognition using Machine Learning methods (2012)

Robust object recognition is a crucial requirement for many robotic applications. We propose a method towards increasing reliability and flexibility of object recognition for robotics. This is achieved by the fusion of diverse recognition frameworks and algorithms on score level which use characteristics like shape, texture and color of the objects. Machine Learning allows for the automatic combination of the respective recognition methods' outputs instead of having to adapt their hypothesis metrics to a common basis. We show the applicability of our approach through several real-world experiments in a service robotics environment. Great importance is attached to robustness, especially in varying environments.
Selection of Attenuated Dengue 4 Viruses by Serial Passage in Primary Kidney Cells (1984)

Two strains of primary dog kidney-passaged dengue (DEN) 4 (H-241) virus cloned by terminal dilution (PDK 24-TD3 and 35-TD3) were propagated in fetal rhesus lung (FRhL) cells to produce candidate vaccine virus seeds. Both serial passage and prolonged replication of PDK 24-TD3 in FRhL resulted in appearance of medium and large plaques in LLC-MK2 assays. When picked, these plaques proved to contain temperature-resistant, monkey-virulent revertants. Serial passage and prolonged replication of PDK 24-TD3 in LLC-MK2 cells did not result in reversion; but, prolonged replication in PDK cells did. Passage of PDK 35-TD3 in FRhL cells resulted in appearance of medium size plaques which, when picked, yielded temperature sensitive (ts) (38.5 degrees C) viruses of low monkey-virulence. Because of its stability in monkeys and FRhL cells, reduced monkey virulence and ts property. PDK 35-TD3 is a promising candidate for trial in man.
NMR Structure Determination of a Modified DNA Oligonucleotide Containing a New Intercalating Nucleic Acid (2004)

The intercalating nucleic acid (INA) presented in this paper is a novel 1-O-(1-pyrenylmethyl)glycerol DNA intercalator that induces high thermal affinity for complementary DNA. The duplex examined contained two INA intercalators, denoted X, inserted directly opposite each other: d(C(1)T(2)C(3)A(4)A(5)C(6)X(7)C(8)A(9)A(10)G(11)C(12)T(13)):d(A(14)G(15)C(16)T(17)-T(18)G(19)X(20)G(21)T(22)T(23)G(24)A(25)G(26)). Unlike most other nucleotide analogues, DNA with INA inserted has a lower affinity for hybridizing to complementary DNA with an INA inserted directly opposite than to complementary unmodified DNA. In this study we used two-dimensional (1)H NMR spectroscopy to determine a high-resolution solution structure of the weak INA-INA duplex. A modified ISPA approach was used to obtain interproton distance bounds from NOESY cross-peak intensities. These distance bounds were used as restraints in molecular dynamics (rMD) calculations. Twenty final structures were generated for the duplex from a B-type DNA starting structure. The root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of the coordinates for the 20 structures of the complex was 1.95 A. This rather large value, together with broad lines in the area of insertion, reflect the high degree of internal motion in the complex. The determination of the structure revealed that both intercalators were situated in the center of the helix, stacking with each other and the neighboring nucleobases. The intercalation of the INAs caused an unwinding of the helix in the insertion area, creating a ladderlike structure. The structural changes observed upon intercalation were mainly of local character; however, a broadening of the minor groove was found throughout the helix.