gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical demonstration of human carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme II in brain tumours. (1995)

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a functionally important enzyme in the central nervous system (CNS), where it is involved in the control of the acid-base balance and regulates the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Isoenzyme II (CA II) is the most widely distributed CA in the CNS, being present in at least myelin, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and the choroid plexus. This study was undertaken to examine the presence of CA II in different brain tumours from 31 patients. Specific antibodies recognizing CA II were used in immunoperoxidase staining of tumour specimens. Anti-CA I and VI sera and normal rabbit serum were used as controls. CA II-positive staining was observed in all the astrocytic tumours (n = 9), oligodendrogliomas (n = 3) and medulloblastomas (n = 3). The most malignant tumours exhibited the strongest staining. In addition, four acoustic neurinomas, one plexiform neurofibroma, one choroid plexus papilloma, one ependymoblastoma and one subependymoma expressed the enzyme. Meningiomas (n = 4) and neuronal tumours (n = 4), including one dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum (Lhermitte-Duclos), were negative. Anti-CA I, VI and normal rabbit sera showed no specific staining in tumour cells. The presence of CA II in the astrocytomas was confirmed by Western blotting, which revealed a distinct 29 kDa polypeptide band corresponding the CA II. Anti-CA I serum showed similarly a single 29 kDa band, recognizing the enzyme which is abundantly present in the erythrocytes. The present results demonstrate that despite the malignant transformation of the cells, the expression of CA II is sustained in astrocytic tumours, oligodendrogliomas, ependymal and choroid plexus tumours and tumours of nerve sheath cell origin. Our results suggest that some tumours contain abundant CA II, which might leak into the CSF.
Identification of HS1 protein as a major substrate of protein-tyrosine kinase(s) upon B-cell antigen receptor-mediated signaling. (1993)

Crosslinking of membrane-bound immunoglobulins, which are B-cell antigen receptors, causes proliferation and differentiation of B cells or inhibition of their growth. The receptor-mediated signaling involves tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins and rapid activation of Src-like kinases. The amino acid sequences of five proteolytic peptides of p75, a major substrate of protein-tyrosine(s) in the signaling, showed that p75 is the human HS1 gene product. The HS1 gene is expressed specifically in hematopoietic cells and encodes p75HS1, which carries both helix-turn-helix and Src homology 3 motifs. p75HS1 showed rapid tyrosine phosphorylation and association with a Src-like kinase, Lyn, after crosslinking of membrane-bound IgM. Thus, p75HS1 may be an important substrate of Lyn and possibly other protein-tyrosine kinases upon B-cell antigen receptor-mediated signaling.
A recombinant allosteric lectin antagonist of HIV‐1 envelope gp120 interactions (2007)

The first, critical stage of HIV-1 infection is fusion of viral and host cellular membranes initiated by a viral envelope glycoprotein gp120. We evaluated the potential to form a chimeric protein entry inhibitor that combines the action of two gp120-targeting molecules, an allosteric peptide inhibitor 12p1 and a higher affinity carbohydrate-binding protein cyanovirin (CVN). In initial mixing experiments, we demonstrated that the inhibitors do not interfere with each other and instead show functional synergy in inhibiting viral cell infection. Based on this, we created a chimera, termed L5, with 12p1 fused to the C-terminal domain of CVN through a linker of five penta-peptide repeats. L5 revealed the same broad specificity as CVN for gp120 from a variety of clades and tropisms. By comparison to CVN, the L5 chimera exhibited substantially increased inhibition of gp120 binding to receptor CD4, coreceptor surrogate mAb 17b and gp120 antibody F105. These binding inhibition effects by the chimera reflected both the high affinity of the CVN domain and the allosteric action of the 12p1 domain. The results open up the possibility to form high potency chimeras, as well as noncovalent mixtures, as leads for HIV-1 envelope antagonism that can overcome potency limits and potential virus mutational resistance for either 12p1 or CVN alone.
Natural transfer of conjugative transposon Tn916 between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (1991)

The conjugative streptococcal transposon Tn916 was found to transfer naturally between a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative eubacteria. Enterococcus faecalis hosting the transposon could serve as a donor for Alcaligenes eutrophus, Citrobacter freundii, and Escherichia coli at frequencies of 10(-6) to 10(-8). No transfer was observed with several phototrophic species. Mating of an E. coli strain carrying Tn916 yielded transconjugants with Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium acetobutylicum, Enterococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus lactis subsp. diacetylactis at frequencies of 10(-4) to 10(-6). Acetobacterium woodii was the only gram-positive organism tested that did not accept the transposon from a gram-negative donor. The results prove the ability of conjugative transposable elements such as Tn916 for natural cross-species gene transfer, thus potentially contributing to bacterial evolution.
Self-assembly in aqueous block copolymer solutions (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelf-assembly in aqueous block copolymer solutionsMartin Malmsten and Bjoern LindmanCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 20, 5440–5445Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00046a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00046a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3442Altmetric-Citations442LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
RD Optimal Temporal Noise Shaping for Transform Audio Coding (2006)

In this article we investigate rate-distortion optimal temporal noise shaping for transform audio coding. Temporal noise shaping, or TNS, is a technique for reshaping the quantization noise in the time domain through open-loop linear predictive coding of frequency domain coefficients. Traditionally, a selection mechanism based on prediction gain is employed to determine whether it is advantageous to apply TNS or not. Although this method is effective for reducing coding artifacts in transient and speech signals, critical adjustment of the prediction gain threshold is necessary to avoid excessive bit rate demands. We propose the use of TNS in a rate-distortion optimization framework. Within this framework a jointly optimal selection of the prediction filter order and the quantizer for coding the coefficients can be made, such that the perceptual distortion is minimized for a given target rate. Experimental results for an MDCT-based audio coding system are presented and it is shown that TNS within an RD optimization framework outperforms the existing TNS method
The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in paraffin sections of peripheral, node-negative non-small cell lung cancer (1992)

Cell proliferation of 40 peripheral, node-negative non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) treated with surgery alone was investigated by immunohistochemical analysis with the monoclonal antibody (MoAb) PC10, which recognizes a proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded material. Results were correlated with DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction (SPF) analyzed by DNA flow cytometric study. Mitotic count (MC) was analyzed by light microscopic study and histopathologic features. PCNA immunoreactivity was seen in all samples and confined to the nuclei of cancer, but not to the surrounding, tumor-negative cells; its frequency ranged from 0-70% (median, 15%), and tumors expressed either a low (0-25%, n = 25) or intermediate (26-75%, n = 15) proliferative activity. There was no relationship between PCNA immunoreactivity and tumor stage or among size, histologic type, and mitotic count (MC). Tumors with intratumoral blood vessel invasion (BVI) showed a significantly higher (P less than 0.005) PCNA immunoreactivity than BVI-negative tumors. PCNA scores were significantly higher (P less than 0.005) in DNA aneuploid (n = 22) than in DNA diploid (n = 18) tumors and correlated significantly with the SPF of DNA aneuploid tumors (r = 0.825, P less than 0.0001), but not with diploid tumors (r = 0.002, P = 0.9). Intermediate proliferating tumors had a significantly higher (P less than 0.01) MC than their counterparts. In univariate analysis, significant predictors of survival were tumor classification (T1 versus T2), tumor size (less than or equal to 2.6 cm versus more than 2.6 cm), BVI (BVI-negative versus BVI-positive), MC (less than or equal to 8 versus more than 8), and PCNA immunoreactivity (low versus intermediate). DNA ploidy and SPF did not influence survival significantly. Only PCNA immunoreactivity retained its independent level of significance (P = 0.02) by multivariate analysis. It was concluded that PCNA immunostaining is a simple and clinically useful method for estimating cell proliferation in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue of resected peripheral, node-negative NSCLC.
Antibody Response to Infliximab and its Impact on Pharmacokinetics can be Transient (2013)

ATI may be transient and do not always lead to a worse clinical outcome. Sustained high levels of ATI, however, lead to permanent LOR. Patients with low IFX trough levels at week 14 are at risk for ATI formation and IFX discontinuation. Therefore, we recommend to measure IFX trough levels at week 14 and at time of LOR. When undetectable or low, ATI should be determined and if positive followed up on consecutive time points to rule out sustained ATI.
Immunodiagnostics : a practical approach (1999)

1. Principles of Immunodiagnostic tests and their development (specifically the use of radioisotopes as tracers) 2. Solid-Phase Supports 3. Enzyme-labelled Tests with Colorimetric, Fluorimetric and Chemiluminescent Detection Systems 4. Time-Resolved Fluorescence Immunosassay 5. Light Scattering Techniques 6. Enzyme Amplification 7. Equipment and Automation Appendix on Dose-Response Curve Fitting 8. Quality Assurance in Immunodiagnostics Index
Recent evidence for evolution of the genetic code (1992)

The genetic code, formerly thought to be frozen, is now known to be in a state of evolution. This was first shown in 1979 by Barrell et al. (G. Barrell, A. T. Bankier, and J. Drouin, Nature [London] 282:189-194, 1979), who found that the universal codons AUA (isoleucine) and UGA (stop) coded for methionine and tryptophan, respectively, in human mitochondria. Subsequent studies have shown that UGA codes for tryptophan in Mycoplasma spp. and in all nonplant mitochondria that have been examined. Universal stop codons UAA and UAG code for glutamine in ciliated protozoa (except Euplotes octacarinatus) and in a green alga, Acetabularia. E. octacarinatus uses UAA for stop and UGA for cysteine. Candida species, which are yeasts, use CUG (leucine) for serine. Other departures from the universal code, all in nonplant mitochondria, are CUN (leucine) for threonine (in yeasts), AAA (lysine) for asparagine (in platyhelminths and echinoderms), UAA (stop) for tyrosine (in planaria), and AGR (arginine) for serine (in several animal orders) and for stop (in vertebrates). We propose that the changes are typically preceded by loss of a codon from all coding sequences in an organism or organelle, often as a result of directional mutation pressure, accompanied by loss of the tRNA that translates the codon. The codon reappears later by conversion of another codon and emergence of a tRNA that translates the reappeared codon with a different assignment. Changes in release factors also contribute to these revised assignments. We also discuss the use of UGA (stop) as a selenocysteine codon and the early history of the code.
Gradient polymer-fullerene photovoltaic composites induced by thermally-controlled interdiffusion (2003)

Efficient polymer-fullerene photovoltaic devices require close proximity of the two components to ensure photoexcited electron transfer from the semiconducting polymer to the fullerene acceptor. We describe studies in which a bilayer system consisting of spin-cast 2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene copolymer (MEH-PPV) and sublimed C60 is heated above the MEH-PPV glass transition temperature in an inert environment, inducing an interdiffusion of the polymer and the fullerene layers. With this process, a controlled, bulk gradient heterojunction is created bringing the fullerene molecules within the exciton diffusion radius of the MEH-PPV throughout the film to achieve highly efficient charge separation [1]. The interdiffused devices show a dramatic decrease in photoluminescence and concomitant order-of-magnitude increase in short circuit currents, demonstrating the improved interface. Figure 1 shows the spectral photoresponsivity (from bottom to top) of devices consisting of an MEH-PPV single layer, MEH-PPV/C60 bilayer, MEH-PPV/C60 bilayer interdiffused at 150 °C, and MEH-PPV/C60 bilayer interdiffused at 250 °C. The figure also shows that a valley in the spectral photoresponsivity of the MEH-PPV/C60 bilayer system, ascribed to the short optical penetration depth at the peak of the MEH-PPV absorbance, is eliminated following the interdiffusion process. Detailed studies of the effects of the initial MEH-PPV and C60 thicknesses and the time-temperature profile of the heat treatment on device efficiency will be presented. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy and Auger spectroscopy studies of the nanoscale film composition have demonstrated that C60 intrdiffuses into the MEH-PPV polymer as rather large aggregates, most likely as a result of the low miscibility of the two materials. Further enhancements in the photovoltaic efficiency have been achieved with a photoexciited electron donor-acceptor pair that is more miscible, providing a smoother gradient cocentration profile.
Hypophosphatasia and the Role of Alkaline Phosphatase in Skeletal Mineralization* (1994)

THIS year marks the 70th anniversary of the discovery of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (1). For the greater part of the past seven decades there has been universal appreciation by physicians of the important clinical insight that comes from measuring ALP activity in serum to detect and follow the course of hepatobiliary and skeletal disease (2). Since the 1930s, quantification of ALP activity has been a routine test in the hospital laboratory and it is likely the most frequently performed enzyme assay (1). Nevertheless, the physiological function of this protein that is ubiquitous in nature remains unclear (1, 3–5). As reviewed here, however, recent molecular studies of hypophosphatasia, a rare heritable form of rickets, have confirmed the long-held notion that ALP has a significant role in skeletal mineralization in humans. How ALP acts was clarified by the discoveries that several phosphocompound substrates for tissue-nonspecific ALP (TNSALP) accumulate endogenously in this inborn error of metabolism.
Marked reduction in bile acid synthesis in cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase-deficient mice does not lead to diminished tissue cholesterol turnover or to hypercholesterolemia (1998)

These studies used mice that were deficient in cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase to determine the effects of reduced bile acid synthesis on cholesterol homeostasis. In mice lacking this enzyme, bile acid synthesis was reduced from 8.3 to 3.4 micromol/day per 100 g body weight, the intestinal bile acid pool was decreased from 62.5 to 13.2 micromol/100 g bw, and the proportion of hyodeoxycholate, relative to cholate, in this pool was significantly increased. Associated with these changes, intestinal cholesterol absorption decreased from 37% to <1% while triacylglycerol absorption and animal weight gain remained essentially unaffected. The very low rate of cholesterol absorption could be corrected by feeding the mutant mice cholate, but not hyodeoxycholate. The reduction in sterol uptake across the intestine was associated with a 2-fold increase in cholesterol synthesis in the small bowel and liver and an increase in fecal neutral sterol excretion from 15.2 to 35.7 micromol/day per 100 g bw. The size of the cholesterol pools in the plasma, various organs and whole animal remained constant. Thus, under circumstances where the excretion of sterol as bile acids was markedly reduced, total cholesterol turnover actually increased from 164 to 239 mg/day per kg bw. This study demonstrates the complex interactions between bile acid and cholesterol metabolism and the dramatic effects of eliminating a single gene product; however, even though a major catabolic pathway was deleted, cholesterol balance across the animal was maintained.
Reviews of Books (1983)

Journal Article Reviews of Books Get access Europa im Aufbruch. Herrschaft, Gesellschaft, Kultur vom 10. bis zum 14. Jahrbundert. By KARL BOSL (Munich: C. H. Beck, 1980. DM 68). TOM SCOTT TOM SCOTT University of Liverpool Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume XCVIII, Issue CCCLXXXVIII, July 1983, Pages 616–617, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/XCVIII.CCCLXXXVIII.616 Published: 01 July 1983
联邦德国上诉审法院法官的教育、训练和选拔、晋升制度 (1984)

在德意志联邦共和国各上诉审法院任职的法官,负责对刑事案件中和私人当事人之间的民事诉讼中所提出的上诉进行裁决,他们在所受的正规的大学教育和所处理的大部分事务方面,同美国上诉法院法官的情况是相似的。然而,这两个国家的上诉审法院法官至少在两个
EER architecture specifications for OFDM transmitter using a class E amplifier (2004)

This letter presents envelope elimination and restoration (EER) architecture specifications in the case of orthogonal frequency division multiplex C band transmission. A key point is the recombination of envelope and phase information by supply modulation of the power amplifier (PA). Imperfections, such as time mismatch and phase noise can reduce the performances of the transmission. Compression and conversion effects when supply modulating the PA are introduced in this letter with the simulation of a class E power amplifier. This amplifier was designed under HP-ADS using a nonlinear MESFET model. Results are reported in terms of error vector measurement and spectrum for two different numbers of sub-carriers 32 and 128 in 16-QAM and 64-QAM cases.
Hydrodynamic sorting of microparticles by size in ridged microchannels (2011)

Sorting and separation are key elements in many microfluidic processes. Here, we use computational modeling to design a hydrodynamic method for high-throughput separation of solid microparticles by size in microchannels. The rapid and high-resolution separation occurs due to a combination of two hydrodynamic effects: cross-stream inertial migration of particles and circulatory fluid flows created by periodic diagonal ridges protruding from opposite channel walls. This new continuous separation method operates in a wide range of Reynolds numbers, is insensitive to the magnitude of channel flow rate, and features simple design that can be readily integrated into microfluidic devices for massive sample analysis.
Are Markets For Vulnerabilities Effective?1 (2012)

Current reward structures in security vulnerability disclosure may be skewed toward benefitting nefarious usage of vulnerability information rather than responsible disclosure. Recently suggested market-based mechanisms offer incentives to responsible security researchers for discovering and reporting vulnerabilities. However, concerns exist that any benefits gained through increased incentives for responsible discovery may be lost through information leakage. Using perspectives drawn from the diffusion of innovations literature, we examine the effectiveness of market-based vulnerability disclosure mechanisms. Empirical examination of two years of security alert data finds that market-based disclosure restricts the diffusion of vulnerability exploitations, reduces the risk of exploitation, and decreases the volume of exploitation attempts.
Genetic Methods for Assessing Antimicrobial Resistance (1999)

Over the past 2 decades, antimicrobics have become increasingly available for a broad range of pathogens. Due to the widespread use of these drugs, new forms of antimicrobial resistance have emerged. Detection of this resistance by conventional methods may not always be easy or possible.

The genetics of antimicrobial resistance has been elucidated completely or in part for many organism-antimicrobial agent combinations. As a result, genetic methods for assessing antimicrobial resistance have been developed, and many of these are being used or soon will become part of the standard testing menus in clinical microbiology laboratories. The intent of this review is to describe the principles and applications of the more frequently reported genetic methods for evaluating antimicrobial resistance.
Using Multiple Segmentations to Discover Objects and their Extent in Image Collections (2006)

Given a large dataset of images, we seek to automatically determine the visually similar object and scene classes together with their image segmentation. To achieve this we combine two ideas: (i) that a set of segmented objects can be partitioned into visual object classes using topic discovery models from statistical text analysis; and (ii) that visual object classes can be used to assess the accuracy of a segmentation. To tie these ideas together we compute multiple segmentations of each image and then: (i) learn the object classes; and (ii) choose the correct segmentations. We demonstrate that such an algorithm succeeds in automatically discovering many familiar objects in a variety of image datasets, including those from Caltech, MSRC and LabelMe.