gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Java Programming Language (1996)

From the Publisher:
Co-authored by the creator of the Java technology and an experienced object-oriented developer, The Java (TM)Programming Language, Second Edition, is the definitive resource for all serious Java programmers. This book will give you a solid foundation in Java programming language strategies and techniques. It features a concise introduction to the language; detailed descriptions of Java's commands, constructs, and libraries; and numerous real-world examples that show you how to exploit the language's power, portability, and flexibility. You will find in-depth and progressively advanced coverage of classes and objects, interfaces, exception-handling, threads and multitasking, and packages. In addition, the book describes the Java core library packages, including I/O, standard utilities, language types, and system classes. Thoroughly revised from start to finish, this second edition fully integrate, is the definitive resource for all serious Java programmers. This book will give you a solid foundation in Java programming language strategies and techniques. It features a concise introduction to the language; detailed descriptions of Java's commands, constructs, and libraries; and numerous real-world examples that show you how to exploit the language's power, portability, and flexibility. You will find in-depth and progressively advanced coverage of classes and objects, interfaces, exception-handling, threads and multitasking, and packages. In addition, the book describes the Java core library packages, including I/O, standard utilities, language types, and system classes. Thoroughly revised from start to finish, this second edition fully integrates Java 1.1 into both text and examples. This edition includes the changes introduced in Java 1.1, such as nested classes (including anonymous classes), threading issues, character-based streams, object-serialization, documentation comments, new utility classes, plus internationalization and localization. The book lets you in on the rationale behind Java's design, direct from the language's creator, as well as the tradeoffs involved in using specific features. With these insights, you will have the understanding you need to begin developing Java applications and applets.
Extending existing dependency theory to temporal databases (1996)

Normal forms play a central role in the design of relational databases. Several normal forms for temporal relational databases have been proposed. These definitions are particular to specific temporal data models, which are numerous and incompatible. The paper attempts to rectify this situation. We define a consistent framework of temporal equivalents of the important conventional database design concepts: functional dependencies, primary keys, and third and Boyce-Codd normal forms. This framework is enabled by making a clear distinction between the logical concept of a temporal relation and its physical representation. As a result, the role played by temporal normal forms during temporal database design closely parallels that of normal forms during conventional database design. These new normal forms apply equally well to all temporal data models that have timeslice operators, including those employing tuple timestamping, backlogs, and attribute value timestamping. As a basis for our research, we conduct a thorough examination of existing proposals for temporal dependencies, keys, and normal forms. To demonstrate the generality of our approach, we outline how normal forms and dependency theory can also be applied to spatial and spatiotemporal databases.
Formation of SiGe nanocrystals in HfO2 using in situ chemical vapor deposition for memory applications (2004)

The in situ deposition process of SiGe nanocrystals on SiO2 and HfO2 substrates was studied using Auger electron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The Ge concentration in SiGe nanocrystals increased with deposition time at equal Si/Ge flow rates. Analysis indicated that the nucleation of Ge takes place preferentially on prenucleated Si on the dielectric. Memory transistors were fabricated using SiGe nanocrystals and HfO2 tunneling/control dielectrics as a gate stack. Memory effects from floating SiGe nanocrystals in HfO2 were clearly observed at room temperature from metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistor devices with a threshold voltage shift of about 0.5 V with the application of +4 V.
Structural variations in the alanine‐rich antifreeze proteins of the pleuronectinae (1987)

The sequence and activity of antifreeze proteins from two right eye flounder species were compared to assess the influence of structural variations on antifreeze capacity. The cDNA encoding the major serum antifreeze protein in the yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea) was cloned from liver tissue. Its DNA sequence shows that the precursor to the antifreeze is a 97-residue preproportion. Edman degradation identified the N-terminus of the 48-amino-acid mature serum antifreeze protein and confirmed the sequence of the first 36 residues. A comparison with the previously determined winter flounder antifreeze protein and mRNA sequences shows strong homology through the 5' and 3' untranslated regions and in the peptide region. The mature protein section has the greatest sequence variation. Specifically, the yellowtail antifreeze protein, in contrast to that of the winter flounder, contains a fourth 11-amino-acid repeat and lacks several of the hydrophilic residues that have been postulated to aid in the binding of the protein to ice crystals. Intramolecular salt bridges are present in the antifreeze proteins from both species but in different registries with respect to the 11-amino-acid repeats. On a mass basis the yellowtail flounder antifreeze, though longer than that of the winter flounder, is only 80% as effective at depressing the freezing temperature of aqueous solutions. This lower activity might be due to the reduced number of hydrophilic ice-binding residues per molecule.
The effects of exogenous p53 overexpression on HPV‐immortalized and carcinogen transformed oral keratinocytes (2001)

Cell cycle regulation by gene transfer is feasible in immortalized oral keratinocytes. Carcinogen transformed cells are less susceptible to the effects of p53 overexpression. Expression of exogenous p53 through p53 gene transfer can suppress HPV immortalization and carcinogen transformation in oral keratinocytes. The sensitivity of HNSCC cell lines to p53-induced cell cycle regulation and apoptosis is variable and dependent on the cell line and duration of exposure. In vitro results using p53 gene transfer must be validated in clinical studies with patients at risk for HNSCC.
Selectable marker independent transformation of recalcitrant maize inbred B73 and sorghum P898012 mediated by morphogenic regulators BABY BOOM and WUSCHEL2 (2017)

Discriminatory co-expression of maize BBM and WUS transcriptional factor genes promoted somatic embryogenesis and efficient Agrobacterium -mediated transformation of recalcitrant maize inbred B73 and sorghum P898012 genotypes without use of a selectable marker gene. The use of morphogenic regulators to overcome barriers in plant transformation is a revolutionary breakthrough for basic plant science and crop applications. Current standard plant transformation systems are bottlenecks for genetic, genomic, and crop improvement studies. We investigated the differential use of co-expression of maize transcription factors BABY BOOM and WUSCHEL2 coupled with a desiccation inducible CRE/lox excision system to enable regeneration of stable transgenic recalcitrant maize inbred B73 and sorghum P898012 without a chemical selectable marker. The PHP78891 expression cassette contains CRE driven by the drought inducible maize RAB17<sub>M</sub> promoter with lox P sites which bracket the CRE, WUS, and BBM genes. A constitutive maize UBI <sub>M</sub> promoter directs a ZsGreen GFP expression cassette as a reporter outside of the excision sites and provides transient, transgenic, and developmental analysis. This was coupled with evidence for molecular integration and analysis of stable integration and desiccation inducible CRE-mediated excision. Agrobacterium-mediated transgenic introduction of this vector showed transient expression of GFP and induced somatic embryogenesis in maize B73 and sorghum P898012 explants. Subjection to desiccation stress in tissue culture enabled the excision of CRE, WUS, and BBM, leaving the UBI <sub>M</sub>::GFP cassette and allowing subsequent plant regeneration and GFP expression analysis. Stable GFP expression was observed in the early and late somatic embryos, young shoots, vegetative plant organs, and pollen. Transgene integration and expression of GFP positive T<sub>0</sub> plants were also analyzed using PCR and Southern blots. Progeny segregation analysis of primary events confirmed correlation between functional GFP expression and presence of the GFP transgene in T<sub>1</sub> plants generated from self pollinations, indicating good transgene inheritance. This study confirms and extends the use of morphogenic regulators to overcome transformation barriers.
Comparison of In Vivo Tissue Temperature Profile and Lesion Geometry for Radiofrequency Ablation With a Saline-Irrigated Electrode Versus Temperature Control in a Canine Thigh Muscle Preparation (1995)

Saline irrigation maintains a low electrode-tissue interface temperature during radiofrequency application at high power, which prevents an impedance rise and produces deeper and larger lesions. A higher temperature in the tissue (3.5 mm deep) than at the electrode-tissue interface indicates that direct resistive heating occurred deeper
MOLECULAR AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF CADHERIN-BASED ADHERENS JUNCTIONS (1997)

Adherens junctions are specialized forms of cadherin-based adhesive contacts important for tissue organization in developing and adult organisms. Cadherins form protein complexes with cytoplasmic proteins (catenins) that convert the specific, homophilic-binding capacity of the extracellular domain into stable cell adhesion. The extracellular domains of cadherins form parallel dimers that possess intrinsic homophilic-binding activity. Cytoplasmic interactions can influence the function of the ectodomain by a number of potential mechanisms, including redistribution of binding sites into clusters, providing cytoskeletal anchorage, and mediating physiological regulation of cadherin function. Adherens junctions are likely to serve specific, specialized functions beyond the basic adhesive process. These functions include coupling cytoskeletal force generation to strongly adherent sites on the cell surface and the regulation of intracellular signaling events.
The Quantum Mechanics of Larger Semiconductor Clusters ("Quantum Dots") (1990)

Machine learning (ML) is transforming all areas of science. The complex and time-consuming calculations in molecular simulations are particularly suitable for an ML revolution and have already been profoundly affected by the application of existing ML ...Read More
The gut microbiome: scourge, sentinel or spectator? (2012)

The gut microbiota consists of trillions of prokaryotes that reside in the intestinal mucosa. This long-established commensalism indicates that these microbes are an integral part of the eukaryotic host. Recent research findings have implicated the dynamics of microbial function in setting thresholds for many physiological parameters. Conversely, it has been convincingly argued that dysbiosis, representing microbial imbalance, may be an important underlying factor that contributes to a variety of diseases, inside and outside the gut. This review discusses the latest findings, including enterotype classification, changes brought on by dysbiosis, gut inflammation, and metabolic mediators in an attempt to underscore the importance of the gut microbiota for human health. A cautiously optimistic idea is taking hold, invoking the gut microbiota as a medium to track, target and treat a plethora of diseases.
Development of a Multiple Unit Pellet Formulation for a Weakly Basic Drug (2007)

SAG/ZK [3-(5-Chloro-2-[2-[(2R)-4-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-methylpiperazin-1-yl]-2-oxoethoxy]phenyl)uronium hydrogen sulfate], a potent candidate for the oral treatment of inflammatory diseases, demonstrated pH-dependent solubility. Drug release from conventional pellet formulations decreased with increasing pH values of the dissolution medium. The aim of this study was to overcome this problem and to achieve pH-independent drug release. Extended release pellets were prepared by extrusion/spheronization followed by film coating with an aqueous polyvinylacetate/polyvinylpyrrolidone dispersion. To overcome the problem of pH-dependent drug release organic acids such as fumaric, tartaric, and adipic acid were incorporated into the core pellets. X-ray diffraction studies were done in order to investigate potential recrystallization and formation of different salts of SAG/ZK. The addition of fumaric acid was found to lower the pH values within the core pellets during the release of SAG/ZK in phosphate buffer pH 6.8. Therefore, increased release rates at higher pH values were observed thus leading to pH-independent drug release. In contrast, drug release remained pH-dependent for pellets containing tartaric and adipic acid, which can be explained with the lower acidic strength and higher aqueous solubility of these acids. X-ray diffraction studies showed no recrystallization and formation of salts of active ingredient and organic acid.
Antigen Stability Controls Antigen Presentation (2004)

We investigated whether protein stability controls antigen presentation using a four disulfide-containing snake toxin and three derivatives carrying one or two mutations (L1A, L1A/H4Y, and H4Y). These mutations were anticipated to increase (H4Y) or decrease (L1A) the antigen non-covalent stabilizing interactions, H4Y being naturally and frequently observed in neurotoxins. The chemically synthesized derivatives shared similar three-dimensional structure, biological activity, and T epitope pattern. However, they displayed differential thermal unfolding capacities, ranging from 65 to 98 degrees C. Using these differentially stable derivatives, we demonstrated that antigen stability controls antigen proteolysis, antigen processing in antigen-presenting cells, T cell stimulation, and kinetics of expression of T cell determinants. Therefore, non-covalent interactions that control the unfolding capacity of an antigen are key parameters in the efficacy of antigen presentation. By affecting the stabilizing interaction network of proteins, some natural mutations may modulate the subsequent T-cell stimulation and might help microorganisms to escape the immune response.
A20, an inhibitor of cell death, self‐associates by its zinc finger domain (1996)

A20 is a primary response gene which is induced after monocyte adherence or cytokine stimulation of a variety of cells. The A20 protein belongs to a novel class of Cys2/Cys2 zinc finger proteins, and has been characterized as an inhibitor of both apoptotic and necrotic cell death. In order to clarify its molecular mechanism of action, we used the yeast-based two-hybrid system to screen for A20-associated proteins. Here we report that A20 is able to self-associate, and demonstrate that the latter interaction is mediated by its zinc finger domain.
Targeting CD73 and downstream adenosine receptor signaling in triple-negative breast cancer (2014)

It was recently demonstrated that CD73 expression in TNBC is associated with worse clinical outcomes and increased resistance to anthracycline chemotherapy. Targeted blockade of the CD73/A2A axis has been shown to impair various aspects of tumorigenesis and displays synergism with other anti-cancer treatments in preclinical studies. Hence, we strongly argue for the development of CD73 inhibitors and for the repositioning of A2A antagonists in cancer.
Hydrocarbon Index – an algorithm for hyperspectral detection of hydrocarbons (2004)

Abstract Previous studies have shown that spectral signatures of hydrocarbon-bearing materials are characterized by prominent absorption features at 1.73 and 2.31 µm. Many other materials also show absorption features at wavelengths in the interval from 2.0 to 2.5 µm, yielding a mixed response in spectral signatures. In contrast to this wavelength range, most materials show similar spectral characteristics in the 1.73 µm range. Mainly hydrocarbon-bearing materials produce an absorption feature which is unique and prominent at 1.73 µm. A Hydrocarbon Index (HI) was developed and tested for the direct detection of hydrocarbons. The HI transforms multispectral data into a single image band that shows the distribution of hydrocarbons on the ground surface. The HI takes advantage of reflection differences around the 1.73 µm feature in hydrocarbon spectra. The HI indicates the presence of the 1.73 µm hydrocarbon absorption feature in a pixel spectrum. HI values can be easily calculated from radiance and reflectance data recorded by high signal-to-noise ratio hyperspectral scanners. Acknowledgments The authors thank the Environmental Baseline and GIS & Remote Sensing teams of ChevronTexaco in Richmond and San Ramon, California, for discussions that led to this study on the use of the 1.73 µm hydrocarbon feature to derive a Hydrocarbon Index. We further thank F. Lehmann, F. Oschütz and T. Bucher (German Aerospace Centre, DLR, Berlin-Adlershof) for discussions and advice on calibration and correction of HyMap data. R.C. Newcomb is thanked for improvement of the English text.
Effect of thyme essential oil on performance of broiler chicken (2018)

The present study was conducted to evaluate the Effect of Thyme essential oil on Performance of Broiler Chicken. Two hundred fourty Mareks disease vaccinated straight run day-old commercial broiler chicks were equally and randomly distributed into four treatment groups which were subdivided into three replicates containing 20 chicks in each, reared on deep litter system in pens up to 6 weeks of age. The dietary treatment groups were the Control diet without Thyme essential oil (A), Broiler ration containing Thyme essential oil, 100 mg/kg diet (B), Broiler ration containing Thyme essential oil, 200% mg/kg diet (C). Broiler ration containing Thyme essential oil, 300 mg/kg diet (D). The significant (P
Adsorption of Gases in Multimolecular Layers (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdsorption of Gases in Multimolecular LayersStephen Brunauer, P. H. Emmett, and Edward TellerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1938, 60, 2, 309–319Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1938https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01269a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01269a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views46810Altmetric-Citations21813LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Controlled Growth of GaN Nanowires (2006)

This paper reports a scalable process for the growth of high-quality GaN nanowires and uniform nanowire arrays in which the position and diameter of each nanowire is precisely controlled. The approach is based on conventional metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using regular precursors and requires no additional metal catalyst. The location, orientation, and diameter of each GaN nanowire are controlled using a thin, selective growth mask that is patterned by interferometric lithography. It was found that use of a pulsed MOCVD process allowed the nanowire diameter to remain constant after the nanowires had emerged from the selective growth mask. Vertical GaN nanowire growth rates in excess of 2 mum/h were measured, while remarkably the diameter of each nanowire remained constant over the entire (micrometer) length of the nanowires. The paper reports transmission electron microscopy and photoluminescence data.
Engineering nitrogen use efficiency with alanine aminotransferase (2007)

Nitrogen (N) is the most important factor limiting crop productivity worldwide. The ability of plants to acquire N from applied fertilizers is one of the critical steps limiting the efficient use of nitrogen. To improve N use efficiency, genetically modified plants that overexpress alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT) were engineered by introducing a barley AlaAT cDNA driven by a canola root specific promoter (btg26). Compared with wild-type canola, transgenic plants had increased biomass and seed yield both in the laboratory and field under low N conditions, whereas no differences were observed under high N. The transgenics also had increased nitrate influx. These changes resulted in a 40% decrease in the amount of applied nitrogen fertilizer required under field conditions to achieve yields equivalent to wild-type plants.
Construction, Safety, and Immunogenicity in Nonhuman Primates of a Chimeric Yellow Fever-Dengue Virus Tetravalent Vaccine (2001)

We previously reported construction of a chimeric yellow fever-dengue type 2 virus (YF/DEN2) and determined its safety and protective efficacy in rhesus monkeys (F. Guirakhoo et al., J. Virol. 74:5477-5485, 2000). In this paper, we describe construction of three additional YF/DEN chimeras using premembrane (prM) and envelope (E) genes of wild-type (WT) clinical isolates: DEN1 (strain PUO359, isolated in 1980 in Thailand), DEN3 (strain PaH881/88, isolated in 1988 in Thailand), and DEN4 (strain 1228, isolated in 1978 in Indonesia). These chimeric viruses (YF/DEN1, YF/DEN3, and YF/DEN4) replicated to ~7.5 log(10) PFU/ml in Vero cells, were not neurovirulent in 3- to 4-week-old ICR mice inoculated by the intracerebral route, and were immunogenic in monkeys. All rhesus monkeys inoculated subcutaneously with one dose of these chimeric viruses (as monovalent or tetravalent formulation) developed viremia with magnitudes similar to that of the YF 17D vaccine strain (YF-VAX) but significantly lower than those of their parent WT viruses. Eight of nine monkeys inoculated with monovalent YF/DEN1 -3, or -4 vaccine and six of six monkeys inoculated with tetravalent YF/DEN1-4 vaccine seroconverted after a single dose. When monkeys were boosted with a tetravalent YF/DEN1-4 dose 6 months later, four of nine monkeys in the monovalent YF/DEN groups developed low levels of viremia, whereas no viremia was detected in any animals previously inoculated with either YF/DEN1-4 vaccine or WT DEN virus. An anamnestic response was observed in all monkeys after the second dose. No statistically significant difference in levels of neutralizing antibodies was observed between YF virus-immune and nonimmune monkeys which received the tetravalent YF/DEN1-4 vaccine or between tetravalent YF/DEN1-4-immune and nonimmune monkeys which received the YF-VAX. However, preimmune monkeys developed either no detectable viremia or a level of viremia lower than that in nonimmune controls. This is the first recombinant tetravalent dengue vaccine successfully evaluated in nonhuman primates.