gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prions in skeletal muscle (2002)

Considerable evidence argues that consumption of beef products from cattle infected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) prions causes new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. In an effort to prevent new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, certain "specified offals," including neural and lymphatic tissues, thought to contain high titers of prions have been excluded from foods destined for human consumption [Phillips, N. A., Bridgeman, J. & Ferguson-Smith, M. (2000) in The BSE Inquiry (Stationery Office, London), Vol. 6, pp. 413-451]. Here we report that mouse skeletal muscle can propagate prions and accumulate substantial titers of these pathogens. We found both high prion titers and the disease-causing isoform of the prion protein (PrP(Sc)) in the skeletal muscle of wild-type mice inoculated with either the Me7 or Rocky Mountain Laboratory strain of murine prions. Particular muscles accumulated distinct levels of PrP(Sc), with the highest levels observed in muscle from the hind limb. To determine whether prions are produced or merely accumulate intramuscularly, we established transgenic mice expressing either mouse or Syrian hamster PrP exclusively in muscle. Inoculating these mice intramuscularly with prions resulted in the formation of high titers of nascent prions in muscle. In contrast, inoculating mice in which PrP expression was targeted to hepatocytes resulted in low prion titers. Our data demonstrate that factors in addition to the amount of PrP expressed determine the tropism of prions for certain tissues. That some muscles are intrinsically capable of accumulating substantial titers of prions is of particular concern. Because significant dietary exposure to prions might occur through the consumption of meat, even if it is largely free of neural and lymphatic tissue, a comprehensive effort to map the distribution of prions in the muscle of infected livestock is needed. Furthermore, muscle may provide a readily biopsied tissue from which to diagnose prion disease in asymptomatic animals and even humans.
Blind Estimation of the Speech Transmission Index for Speech Quality Prediction (2018)

The speech transmission index (STI) of a listening position within a given room indicates the quality and intelligibility of speech uttered in that room. The measure is very reliable for predicting speech intelligibility in many room conditions but requires an STI measurement of the impulse response for the room. We present a method for blindly estimating the STI without measuring or modeling the impulse response of the room using deep convolutional neural networks. Our model is trained entirely using simulated room impulse responses combined with clean speech examples from the DAPS dataset [1] and works directly on PCM audio. Our experiments show that our method predicts true STI with a high degree of accuracy - an average error of under 4%. It can also distinguish between different STI conditions to a level of granularity that is comparable to humans.
yes-related protooncogene, syn, belongs to the protein-tyrosine kinase family. (1986)

An src/yes-related novel gene named syn (SYN in human gene nomenclature) has been identified in the human genome on chromosome 6 and characterized by molecular cloning. Nucleotide sequence analysis of cDNA clones showed that the c-syn gene could encode a protein-tyrosine kinase that is very similar in primary structure to the v-yes and human c-src proteins. A 2.8-kilobase transcript of the c-syn gene, which differs in size from those of the c-yes, c-src, and c-fgr genes, was observed in various cell types. These results show that syn is a new member of the tyrosine kinase oncogene family.
n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation Recurrences After Electrical Cardioversion (2011)

In patients with persistent atrial fibrillation on amiodarone and a renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor, the addition of n-3 PUFAs 2 g/d improves the probability of the maintenance of sinus rhythm after direct current cardioversion. Our data suggest that n-3 PUFAs may exert beneficial effects in the prevention of atrial fibrillation recurrence. Further studies are needed to confirm and expand our findings. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01198275.
Infectivity of porcine circovirus type 2 DNA in semen from experimentally-infected boars (2008)

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an economically important pathogen. It has been demonstrated that PCV2 DNA can be detected in boar semen by PCR; however, the biological relevance of this is unknown. The objectives of this study were to determine if semen positive for PCV2 DNA is infectious (1) in a swine bioassay, or (2) when used for artificial insemination. For the first objective, 4-week-old pigs were inoculated intraperitoneally with PCV2 DNA-negative (bioassay-control; n = 3), PCV2a DNA-positive (bioassay-PCV2a; n = 3), or PCV2b DNA-positive (bioassay-PCV2b; n = 3) raw semen, or PCV2 live virus (bioassay-positive; n = 3), respectively. Pigs inoculated with PCV2 DNA-positive semen and PCV2 live virus became viremic and developed anti-PCV2 antibodies indicating that the PCV2 DNA present in semen was infectious. For the second objective, three Landrace gilts were inseminated with PCV2 DNA-negative semen (gilts-controls) from experimentally-infected boars, and six gilts were artificially inseminated with semen positive for PCV2a DNA (gilts-PCV2a; n = 3) or PCV2b DNA (gilts-PCV2b; n = 3). Serum samples collected from the gilts in all groups remained negative for anti-PCV2 antibodies for the duration of the experiment. In addition, fetal serum samples from all 105-day-gestation fetuses were negative for anti-PCV2 antibodies or PCV2 DNA. Under the conditions of this study, PCV2 DNA-positive semen was not infectious when used to artificially inseminate gilts; however, it was demonstrated to be infectious in a swine bioassay model and therefore is a potential means of PCV2 transmission amongst swine herds.
A Highly Reconfigurable RF-DPLL Phase Modulator for Polar Transmitters in Cellular RFICs (2018)

A multirate fractional-N RF digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) phase modulator implementation for polar transmitter supporting cellular communication standards up to 4G LTE-A is demonstrated. The RF-DPLL integrates LC-tank-based digital-controlled oscillator (DCO) cores with Σ-Δ-noise shaping and fractional sample rate conversion to account for a broad range of frequency bands and spectral emission requirements. A two-point modulation with different sampling rates and signal scaling is applied to optimize the system for operation in narrow-band and wide-band phase modulation. DCO digital predistortion and DCO gain estimation in combination with open-loop gain auto adjustment and delay calibration are implemented to achieve sufficiently low-in-band distortion. Measurement results of the RF-DPLL system as part of a polar transmitter implemented in 28-nm CMOS are shown, fulfilling 3GPP specifications for 4G, LTE-A uplink and legacy cellular communication standards like 3G, UMTS/HSPA+ and 2G, GSM/EDGE.
The paradox of bardoxolone methyl: a call for every witness on the stand? (2014)

People with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) remain an extremely vulnerable population with increased cardiovascular morbidity, mortality and mounting societal costs. As such, any effort to improve their dismal outcome is heavily supported. Yet, most drugs fail to replicate the promising signals of early experiments in humans in large and methodologically sound trials. As a recent example, an independent data and safety committee advised the termination of a phase 3 trial due to excessive cardiovascular disease and especially heart failure in patients allocated to the antioxidant synthetic triterpenoid bardoxolone methyl versus placebo. We evaluate the reasons why this outcome in hindsight was possibly not totally unexpected and develop a mechanistic model that shows that the consistent drop in serum magnesium concentration in patients exposed to bardoxolone methyl might have contributed to the development of heart failure. As such, this trial, despite its negative outcome, might provide additional pieces of the puzzle enabling us to get a better grip on diseases that share increased inflammation and oxidative stress, such as type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, heart failure and CKD.
Four port fused taper acousto-optic devices usingstandardsinglemode telecommunications fibre (1995)

Tapered fibre null couplers are used to form high performance acousto-optic devices for 1.55 µm operation. Standard singlemode telecommunications fibre is used throughout, yielding devices with identical ports. The two devices described are shown to have acousto-optic resonances at 1.5 and 10.6 MHz, with greater than 99% acousto-optic coupling for RF drive powers of 0.5 and 2.6 mW.
News Analysis (2009)

Beccy Sims reports on plans to tackle some of the more common health issues experienced by older people.
Evaluation of ovulation and corpus luteum function using measurements of plasma progesterone. (1974)

To develop a practical yet statistically valid means of indicating ovulation and adequacy of corpus luteum function concentrations of plasma progesterone (P) were measured daily during the luteal phase of 30 normal and abnormal menstrual cycles. During a normal cycle any 3 P measurements taken from 11 days before the first day of the following menses (M) to Day M-4 gave a total equal to or greater than 15 ng/ml. An abnormal cycle was considered one in which the total P (for 3 measurements) was less than 15 ng. Individual levels were often at 3 ng/ml in normal cycle and above 3 ng/ml in abnormal cycles indicating that the single P measurement proposed by Israel et. al. would not always be valid.
Neurofeedback and biofeedback with 37 migraineurs: a clinical outcome study (2010)

All combined neuro and biofeedback interventions were effective in reducing the frequency of migraines with clients using medication resulting in a more favorable outcome (70% experiencing at least a 50% reduction in headaches) than just medications alone (50% experience a 50% reduction) and that the effect size of our study involving three different types of biofeedback for migraine (1.09) was more robust than effect size of combined studies on thermal biofeedback alone for migraine (.5). These non-invasive interventions may show promise for treating treatment-refractory migraine and for preventing the progression from episodic to chronic migraine.
Gene disruption/knock-in analysis of mONT3: vector construction by employing both in vivo and in vitro recombinations (2005)

We report the isolation, spatial/temporal expression and gene disruption phenotype of the mouse ONT3 (mONT3) gene, which encodes a novel secreted signaling protein belonging to the Olfactomedin/Noelin/Tiarin family. During early embryogenesis, mONT3 is detected in the proximal region of the allantois on embryonic day (E) 7.25, in the lateral plate mesoderm on E 8.0 and in the CNS and heart on E 8.5. The homozygous mutant is born normal and fertile. For the expression pattern and loss-of-function analyses, we have successfully generated the LacZ-knock-in targeting vector directly from BACs carrying mouse genomic fragments by combining in vivo and in vitro recombination techniques. This approach enables rapid and reproducible construction of the fully functional vectors within two weeks without the use of restriction enzyme digestion and ligation, or the use of PCR-amplification of large genomic fragments. In addition, this method is applicable to rapid generation of transgenic vectors, demonstrating its versatility in reverse genetic studies.
Influence of Temperature on Water and Aqueous Glucose Absorption Spectra in the Near- and Mid-Infrared Regions at Physiologically Relevant Temperatures (2003)

Near- and mid-infrared absorption spectra of pure water and aqueous 1.0 g/dL glucose solutions in the wavenumber range 8000-950 cm-1 were measured in the temperature range 30-42 degrees C in steps of 2 degrees C. Measurements were carried out with an FT-IR spectrometer and a variable pathlength transmission cell controlled within 0.02 degree C. Pathlengths of 50 microns and 0.4 mm were used in the mid- and near-infrared spectral region, respectively. Difference spectra were used to determine the effect of temperature on the water spectra quantitatively. These spectra were obtained by subtracting the 37 degrees C water spectrum from the spectra measured at other temperatures. The difference spectra reveal that the effect of temperature is highest in the vicinity of the strong absorption bands, with a number of isosbestic points with no temperature dependence and relatively flat plateaus in between. On the basis of these spectra, prospects for and limitations on data analysis for infrared diagnostic methods are discussed. As an example, the absorptive properties of glucose were studied in the same temperature range in order to determine the effect of temperature on the spectral shape of glucose. The change in water absorption associated with the addition of glucose has also been studied. An estimate of these effects is given and is related to the expected level of infrared signals from glucose in humans.
Disulfide-Depleted Selenoconopeptides: Simplified Oxidative Folding of Cysteine-Rich Peptides (2010)

Despite the therapeutic promise of disulfide-rich, peptidic natural products, their discovery and structure/function studies have been hampered by inefficient oxidative folding methods for their synthesis. Here we report that converting the three disulfide-bridged mu-conopeptide KIIIA into a disulfide-depleted selenoconopeptide (by removal of a noncritical disulfide bridge and substitution of a disulfide- with a diselenide-bridge) dramatically simplified its oxidative folding while preserving the peptide's ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels. The simplicity of synthesizing disulfide-depleted selenopeptide analogs containing a single disulfide bridge allowed rapid positional scanning at Lys7 of mu-KIIIA, resulting in the identification of K7L as a mutation that improved the peptide's selectivity in blocking a neuronal (Na(v)1.2) over a muscle (Na(v)1.4) subtype of sodium channel. The disulfide-depleted selenopeptide strategy offers regioselective folding compatible with high throughput chemical synthesis and on-resin oxidation methods, and thus shows great promise to accelerate the use of disulfide-rich peptides as research tools and drugs.
Retrospective review of MET gene mutations (2015)

C-MET proto-oncogene is a tyrosine kinase situated on chromosome 7. C-MET and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) play a role in proliferation, differentiation and organ development. C-MET genetic aberrations are found associated with driving tumorigenesis. In this retrospective study, we reviewed molecular analysis data gathered from a cancer institute during a two-year period (2010-2012). Upon detection of tumors harboring c-MET mutations, we determined the status of the other mutations tested and evaluated c-MET expression by fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH). Our search resulted in identification of 134 c-MET mutations, 44% of which had mutations of at least one of the other genes tested. No c-MET expression aberrancy was detected in this subset by FISH. Survival amongst the patients with surgically resected metastatic colorectal cancers (CRC) was slightly better in those with only a c-MET mutation compared to those with no mutation detected, although the difference was not statistically significant. When c-MET inhibition becomes an integrated part of chemotherapy practice, our observed frequency of co-mutations will be an argument for utilizing c-MET targeted treatment in combination with other targeted drugs and therapeutic strategies. Larger studies can aid to further parse out c-MET prognostic and therapeutic significance.
Venom allergy (1998)

Stings from bees and wasps, the most common stinging insects in Britain, can cause severe allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. Coroners’ data suggest that an average of four deaths from bee or wasp stings occur each year in the United Kingdom, but this is almost certainly an underestimate because venom anaphylaxis is not always recognised as the cause of death.
DNA Photocleavage by a Supramolecular Ru(II)−Viologen Complex (2002)

A novel Ru(II) complex possessing two sequentially linked viologen units, Ru-V(1)-V(2)(6+), was synthesized and characterized. Upon excitation of the Ru(II) unit (lambda(exc) = 532 nm, fwhm approximately 10 ns), a long-lived charge-separated (CS) state is observed (tau = 1.7 micros) by transient absorption spectroscopy. Unlike Ru(bpy)(3)(2+), which cleaves DNA upon photolysis through the formation of reactive oxygen species, such as (1)O(2) and O(2)(-), the photocleavage of plasmid DNA by Ru-V(1)-V(2)(6+) is observed both in air and under N(2) atmosphere (lambda(irr) > 395 nm).
Human cardiac nerve stimulation (1992)

Cardiovascular responses were elicited in 12 patients undergoing cardiac operations when cardiopulmonary neural elements between the aortic root and pulmonary artery or in the right atrial ganglionated plexus were stimulated. Heart rate and left ventricular intramyocardial systolic pressure were augmented when cardiopulmonary nerves between the aorta and pulmonary artery were stimulated in 11 of the 12 patients. Right ventricular intramyocardial systolic pressure was augmented in 7 of these 11 patients. Cardiodepressor responses were elicited when the right atrial ganglionated plexus (9 patients) or a cardiopulmonary nerve (2 patients) was stimulated. These results demonstrate that electrical stimulation of the human extrinsic and intrinsic cardiac nervous systems can alter cardiodynamics, different responses being elicited when different neural structures are stimulated. These data are in accord with those obtained from canine experiments and suggest that the human extrinsic and intrinsic cardiac nervous system contains functionally similar neural elements to those found in other mammals.
Proto-Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes in Human Urological Malignancies (1994)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jun 1994Proto-Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes in Human Urological Malignancies Torsten G. Strohmeyer and Dennis J. Slamon Torsten G. StrohmeyerTorsten G. Strohmeyer and Dennis J. SlamonDennis J. Slamon View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)35284-9AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1994 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byLIN M, LEE M, ZHOU X, ANDRESSEN J, MENG T, JOHANSSON S, WEST W, TAYLOR R, ANDERSON J and LIN F (2018) DECREASED EXPRESSION OF CELLULAR PROSTATIC ACID PHOSPHATASE INCREASES TUMORIGENICITY OF HUMAN PROSTATE CANCER CELLSJournal of Urology, VOL. 166, NO. 5, (1943-1950), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2001.STEIN J, GROSSFELD G, GINSBERG D, ESRIG D, FREEMAN J, FIGUEROA A, SKINNER D and COTE R (2018) PROGNOSTIC MARKERS IN BLADDER CANCER: A CONTEMPORARY REVIEW OF THE LITERATUREJournal of Urology, VOL. 160, NO. 3 Part 1, (645-659), Online publication date: 1-Sep-1998.FIGENSHAU R, BASLER J, RITTER J, SIEGEL C, SIMON J and DIERKS S (2018) RENAL MEDULLARY CARCINOMAJournal of Urology, VOL. 159, NO. 3, (711-713), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1998.Schmidt B, Ackermann R, Hartmann M and Strohmeyer T (2018) ALTERATIONS OF THE METASTASIS SUPPRESSOR GENE nm23 AND THE PROTO-ONCOGENE c-myc IN HUMAN TESTICULAR GERM CELL TUMORSJournal of Urology, VOL. 158, NO. 5, (2000-2005), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1997.Strohmeyer D, Langenhof S, Ackermann R, Hartmann M, Strohmeyer T and Schmidt B (2018) Analysis of the DCC Tumor Suppressor Gene in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: Mutations and Loss of ExpressionJournal of Urology, VOL. 157, NO. 5, (1973-1976), Online publication date: 1-May-1997.Smith R and Rukstalis D (2018) Frequent Loss of Heterozygosity at 11p Loci in Testicular CancerJournal of Urology, VOL. 153, NO. 5, (1684-1687), Online publication date: 1-May-1995. Volume 151Issue 6June 1994Page: 1479-1497 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1994 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.Keywordsurinary tractgenescarcinomasuppressortumorproto-oncogenesMetricsAuthor Information Torsten G. Strohmeyer More articles by this author Dennis J. Slamon More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
In Situ Protection Against Islet Allograft Rejection by CTLA4Ig Transduction (2010)

Islet allografts are protected by locally produced CTLA4Ig-disrupting immune interactions at the effector site.
Expression and in vitro assembly of recombinant glutamate dehydrogenase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus (1995)

The gdhA gene, encoding the hexameric glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus, was expressed in Escherichia coli by using the pET11-d system. The recombinant GDH was soluble and constituted 15% of the E. coli cell extract. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the recombinant protein was identical to the sequence of the P. furiosus enzyme, except for the presence of an initial methionine which was absent from the enzyme purified from P. furiosus. By molecular exclusion chromatography we showed that the recombinant GDH was composed of equal amounts of monomeric and hexameric forms. Heat treatment of the recombinant protein triggered in vitro assembly of inactive monomers into hexamers, resulting in increased GDH activity. The specific activity of the recombinant enzyme, purified by heat treatment and affinity chromatography, was equivalent to that of the native enzyme from P. furiosus. The recombinant GDH displayed a slightly lower level of thermostability, with a half-life of 8 h at 100 degrees C, compared with 10.5 h for the enzyme purified from P. furiosus.
Differential NF-κB pathways induction by Lactobacillus plantarum in the duodenum of healthy humans correlating with immune tolerance (2009)

How do we acquire immune tolerance against food microorganisms and commensal bacteria that constitute the intestinal microbiota? We investigated this by stimulating the immune system of adults with commensal Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria. We studied the in vivo human responses to L. plantarum in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study. Healthy adults ingested preparations of living and heat-killed L. plantarum bacteria. Biopsies were taken from the intestinal duodenal mucosa and altered expression profiles were analyzed using whole-genome microarrays and by biological pathway reconstructions. Expression profiles of human mucosa displayed striking differences in modulation of NF-kappaB-dependent pathways, notably after consumption of living L. plantarum bacteria in different growth phases. Our in vivo study identified mucosal gene expression patterns and cellular pathways that correlated with the establishment of immune tolerance in healthy adults.