gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generation of 3D Skin Equivalents Fully Reconstituted from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) (2013)

Recent generation of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (PS-iPSCs) provides significant advantages for cell- and gene-based therapy. Establishment of iPSC-based therapy for skin diseases requires efficient methodology for differentiating iPSCs into both keratinocytes and fibroblasts, the major cellular components of the skin, as well as the reconstruction of skin structures using these iPSC-derived skin components. We previously reported generation of keratinocytes from human iPSCs for use in the treatment of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) caused by mutations in the COL7A1 gene. Here, we developed a protocol for differentiating iPSCs into dermal fibroblasts, which also produce type VII collagen and therefore also have the potential to treat RDEB. Moreover, we generated in vitro 3D skin equivalents composed exclusively human iPSC-derived keratinocytes and fibroblasts for disease models and regenerative therapies for skin diseases, first demonstrating that iPSCs can provide the basis for modeling a human organ derived entirely from two different types of iPSC-derived cells.
Studies on 1-Azabicyclo Compounds. XV. Oxidation of 1, 3, 4, 6, 11, 11a-Hexahydro-2H-pyrazino [1, 2-b] isoquinolin-1-one Derivatives with Mercuric Acetate, and Their Conversion into 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8-Octahydro-2-methyl-2, 5-benzodiazecine and Related Compounds (1973)

Oxidation of hexahydro-2H-pyrazino [1, 2-b] isoquinolin-1-one (Ia) with mercuric acetate gave the α-aminocarbinol (II), which was characterized as the quaternary ammonium bromide (III). Mercuric acetate oxidation of the diamine (VII), however, afforded the lactam (VIII). Treatment of the methiodides (XIIa, XIIb, and XIIc) with lithium in liquid ammonia yielded the piperazinones (XIIIa, XIIIb, and XIIIc), respectively. On the other hand, reduction of the methiodides (XIIa, XIIb, and XIIc) with sodium amalgam furnished selectively the ten-membered aminolactams (XVIa, XVIb, and XVIc), respectively, in fair yields, which were converted to the corresponding ten-membered diamines (XVIIa, XVIIb, and XVIIc).
Antioxidant Sensors Based on DNA-Modified Electrodes (2005)

TiO2/ITO modified electrodes were developed to quantitatively photooxidize adsorbed ds-DNA and to study the effect of antioxidants as ds-DNA protecting agents. TiO2 films are used for efficient ds-DNA immobilization, for ds-DNA oxidation through photogenerated hydroxyl radicals, and as electrodes for amperometric sensing. The films, prepared by a sol-gel process, are deposited on ITO glass electrodes. Damages occurring after ds-DNA oxidation by ROS are detected by adding MB as an intercalant probe and by monitoring the electrochemical reduction current of the intercalated redox probe. The MB electrochemical signal is found to be sensitive enough to monitor ds-DNA structure changes, and the electrochemical sensor has been applied to the evaluation of the antioxidant properties of glutathione and gallic acid.
The cat is out of the bag (2009)

In the quest for cognitive computing, we have built a massively parallel cortical simulator, C2, that incorporates a number of innovations in computation, memory, and communication. Using C2 on LLNL's Dawn Blue Gene/P supercomputer with 147, 456 CPUs and 144 TB of main memory, we report two cortical simulations -- at unprecedented scale -- that effectively saturate the entire memory capacity and refresh it at least every simulated second. The first simulation consists of 1.6 billion neurons and 8.87 trillion synapses with experimentally-measured gray matter thalamocortical connectivity. The second simulation has 900 million neurons and 9 trillion synapses with probabilistic connectivity. We demonstrate nearly perfect weak scaling and attractive strong scaling. The simulations, which incorporate phenomenological spiking neurons, individual learning synapses, axonal delays, and dynamic synaptic channels, exceed the scale of the cat cortex, marking the dawn of a new era in the scale of cortical simulations.
The Optical Constants of Silver, Gold, Copper, and Aluminum I The Absorption Coefficient k (1954)

A description is given of a comparison method for determining the values of the absorption coefficient k of a metal relative to previously determined values for Ag. In this method transmission interference filters are constructed which have mica as the dielectric and have reflecting layers of Ag and of the metal x being studied. On adjacent areas of a single sheet of mica, pairs of filters are formed, one with a Ag-mica-Ag combination and the other with a Ag-mica-x combination. Components of a filter pair will have identical mica thicknesses. For a given filter pair the wavelengths transmitted by one combination are compared with those transmitted by the other. Values of k are then calculated from the change in phase accompanying the reflection of light at normal incidence at mica-metal interfaces. The method was found to have special advantages in the wavelength region of 0.65μ to 0.95μ for metals with high reflectivities. Results are given for Au, Cu, and Al in the range of 0.45μ to 0.95μ. The new values of k tend to be higher than older values obtained by other methods. A discussion is included concerning the validity of surface measurements for determining the bulk properties of metals.
Cysteine 288: An essential hyperreactive thiol of cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) (1989)

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from the cytosol of rat liver has 13 cysteines, at least one of which is known to be very reactive and essential for catalytic activity (Carlson, G. M., Colombo, G., and Lardy, H. A. (1978) Biochemistry 17, 5329-5338). In order to identify the essential cysteine, this enzyme was modified with the fluorescent sulfhydryl reagent N-(7-dimethylamino-4-methyl-3-coumarinyl)maleimide. Incubation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase with a 10% molar excess of this maleimide at 0 degrees C results in the rapid and nearly complete loss of catalytic activity. Under these conditions, 1 mol of the maleimide is incorporated per mol inactivated enzyme. The substrate GDP provides almost complete protection against inactivation and modification, while phosphoenolpyruvate protects against the rate, but not the extent, of modification. The pH dependence of the rate of enzyme inactivation suggests that the modified residue has a pK alpha of approximately 7.0. Purification and sequencing of the labeled peptide identifies the hyperreactive essential cysteine as Cys-288. This cysteine lies between two putative phosphoryl-binding domains and within a hydrophobic sequence.
Neu Differentiation Factor Activation of ErbB-3 and ErbB-4 Is Cell Specific and Displays a Differential Requirement for ErbB-2 (1995)

Neu differentiation factor (NDF)-induced signaling involves the activation of members of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases. Although ectopic expression of recombinant ErbB receptors has yielded valuable insight into their signaling properties, the biological function and in vivo interplay of these receptors are still poorly understood. We addressed this issue by studying NDF signaling in various human cell lines expressing moderate levels of all known ErbB receptors. NDF-induced phosphorylation of ErbB-2 and ErbB-3 was found in the breast epithelial cell line MCF10A, the breast tumor cell lines T47D and MCF7, and the ovarian tumor cell line OVCAR3. Despite similar expression levels, NDF-induced phosphorylation of ErbB-4 was cell specific and only detected in T47D and OVCAR3 cells. Blocking cell surface expression of ErbB-2 by intracellular expression of a single-chain antibody revealed that in these two cell lines, ErbB-2 significantly enhanced phosphorylation of ErbB-4. Efficient NDF-induced phosphorylation of ErbB-3 was strictly ErbB-2 dependent in the breast tumor cell lines T47D and MCF7, while it was largely ErbB-2 independent in MCF10A and OVCAR3 cells. Consequently, NDF-stimulated intracellular signaling and induction of a biological response displayed a cell-specific requirement for ErbB-2. Thus, while ErbB-2 cooperates with NDF receptors in the breast tumor cell lines, ErbB-2 independent mechanisms seem to prevail in other cellular contexts.
Compensatory Mutations at the HIV Cleavage Sites P7/P1 and P1/P6-Gag in Therapy-Naive and Therapy-Experienced Patients (2006)

These findings emphasize the relevance of CS mutations in the evolution of HIV resistance to PR inhibitors. Therefore, therapy-associated CS mutations should be considered in HIV resistance tests to estimate viral fitness in different clinical settings.
Characterization of IL-17A–Producing Cells in Celiac Disease Mucosa (2010)

Celiac disease (CD) is a gluten-sensitive enteropathy associated with a marked infiltration of the mucosa with IFN-gamma-secreting Th1 cells. Recent studies have shown that a novel subset of T cells characterized by expression of high levels of IL-17A, termed Th17 cells, may be responsible for pathogenic effects previously attributed to Th1 cells. In this study, we characterized the expression of IL-17A-producing cells in CD. By real-time PCR and ELISA, it was shown that expression of IL-17A RNA and protein is more pronounced in active CD biopsy specimens in comparison with inactive CD and normal mucosal biopsy specimens. Flow cytometry confirmed that IL-17A is overproduced in CD mucosa and that CD4(+) and CD4(+)CD8(+) cells were major sources. The majority of IL-17A-producing CD4(+) and CD4(+)CD8(+) cells coexpressed IFN-gamma but not CD161. The addition of a peptic-tryptic digest of gliadin to ex vivo organ cultures of duodenal biopsy specimens taken from inactive CD patients enhanced IL-17A production by both CD4(+) and CD4(+)CD8(+) cells. Because we previously showed that IL-21, a T cell-derived cytokine involved in the control of Th17 cell responses, is overproduced in CD, we next assessed whether IL-17A expression is regulated by IL-21. Blockade of IL-21 activity by a neutralizing IL-21 Ab reduced IL-17A expression in cultures of active CD and peptic-tryptic digest of gliadin-treated CD biopsy specimens. In conclusion, our data show that IL-17A is increased in CD and is produced by cells that also make IFN-gamma.
Pitch- and Formant-Based Order Adaptation of the Fractional Fourier Transform and Its Application to Speech Recognition (2009)

Fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) has been proposed to improve the time-frequency resolution in signal analysis and processing. However, selecting the FrFT transform order for the proper analysis of multicomponent signals like speech is still debated. In this work, we investigated several order adaptation methods. Firstly, FFT- and FrFT- based spectrograms of an artificially-generated vowel are compared to demonstrate the methods. Secondly, an acoustic feature set combining MFCC and FrFT is proposed, and the transform orders for the FrFT are adaptively set according to various methods based on pitch and formants. A tonal vowel discrimination test is designed to compare the performance of these methods using the feature set. The results show that the FrFT-MFCC yields a better discriminability of tones and also of vowels, especially by using multitransform-order methods. Thirdly, speech recognition experiments were conducted on the clean intervocalic English consonants provided by the Consonant Challenge. Experimental results show that the proposed features with different order adaptation methods can obtain slightly higher recognition rates compared to the reference MFCC-based recognizer.
Localization of stimulating electrodes in patients with Parkinson disease by using a three-dimensional atlas—magnetic resonance imaging coregistration method (2003)

The authors have demonstrated that 3D atlas-MR imaging coregistration is a reliable method for the precise localization of DBS electrodes on postoperative MR images. In addition, they have confirmed that although the STN is the main target during DBS treatment for PD, stimulation of surrounding regions, particularly the zona incerta or the lenticular fasciculus, can also improve symptoms of PD.
Chloroplast Vector Systems for Biotechnology Applications (2007)

Chloroplasts are ideal hosts for expression of transgenes. Transgene integration into the chloroplast genome occurs via homologous recombination of flanking sequences used in chloroplast vectors. Identification of spacer regions to integrate transgenes and endogenous regulatory sequences that support optimal expression is the first step in construction of chloroplast vectors. Thirty-five sequenced crop chloroplast genomes provide this essential information. Various steps involved in the design and construction of chloroplast vectors, DNA delivery, and multiple rounds of selection are described. Several crop species have stably integrated transgenes conferring agronomic traits, including herbicide, insect, and disease resistance, drought and salt tolerance, and phytoremediation. Several crop chloroplast genomes have been transformed via organogenesis (cauliflower [Brassica oleracea], cabbage [Brassica capitata], lettuce [Lactuca sativa], oilseed rape [Brassica napus], petunia [Petunia hybrida], poplar [Populus spp.], potato [Solanum tuberosum], tobacco [Nicotiana tabacum], and tomato [Solanum lycopersicum]) or embryogenesis (carrot [Daucus carota], cotton [Gossypium hirsutum], rice [Oryza sativa], and soybean [Glycine max]), and maternal inheritance of transgenes has been observed. Chloroplast-derived biopharmaceutical proteins, including insulin, interferons (IFNs), and somatotropin (ST), have been evaluated by in vitro studies. Human INFα2b transplastomic plants have been evaluated in field studies. Chloroplast-derived vaccine antigens against bacterial (cholera, tetanus, anthrax, plague, and Lyme disease), viral (canine parvovirus [CPV] and rotavirus), and protozoan (amoeba) pathogens have been evaluated by immune responses, neutralizing antibodies, and pathogen or toxin challenge in animals. Chloroplasts have been used as bioreactors for production of biopolymers, amino acids, and industrial enzymes. Oral delivery of plant cells expressing proinsulin (Pins) in chloroplasts offered protection against development of insulitis in diabetic mice; such delivery eliminates expensive fermentation, purification, low temperature storage, and transportation. Chloroplast vector systems used in these biotechnology applications are described.
Evaluation of Cover and Reflector in Receiver Antennas for SM-MIMO Wireless Communications (2013)

Spatial multiplexing multiple-input multiple-output (SM-MIMO) is effective in increasing communication throughput. However, performance degradation occurs in poor multipath and line-of-sight (LOS) channels due to the high spatial correlation. This paper presents the evaluation of cover and reflector in receiver antennas to overcome the performance degradation in MIMO LOS channels. We measured the characteristics of packet error rate (PER), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), spatial correlation coefficient, and received power ratio in farm, groove, passage, and corner environments. The farm environment degraded communication performance due to the high spatial correlation coefficient. Following the measurement results, we fabricated cover and reflector in receiver antennas to decrease the high spatial correlation and confirmed the improvement of communication performance.
Fundamental characteristics of an InGaAsP/InP laser transistor (1985)

We have demonstrated a novel heterostructure device with functions of both a semiconductor laser and a heterojunction bipolar transistor, which is applicable to highly multifunctional optoelectronic integrated circuits. It can control both lasing power and output current. CW operation of the InGaAsP/InP transverse current injection laser at around room temperature has been achieved for the first time.
Catalytic Asymmetric Aminolysis of 3,5,8-Trioxabicyclo[5.1.0]octane Providing an Optically Pure 2-Amino-1,3,4-butanetriol Equivalent (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTCatalytic Asymmetric Aminolysis of 3,5,8-Trioxabicyclo[5.1.0]octane Providing an Optically Pure 2-Amino-1,3,4-butanetriol EquivalentShoichi Sagawa, Hiroyuki Abe, Yasunori Hase, and Takashi InabaView Author Information Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Inc., 1-1, Murasaki-cho Takatsuki Osaka, 569-1125, Japan Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 13, 4962–4965Publication Date (Web):May 29, 1999Publication History Received19 January 1999Published online29 May 1999Published inissue 1 June 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9900883https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9900883brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views874Altmetric-Citations131LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Ethers,Oxygen,Stereoselectivity,Substitution reactions Get e-Alerts
Development Of High Efficiency Holographic Solar Concentrator (1985)

In this report, we present the experience gained up-to-date in the development of holographic solar concentrators. The techniques used in the generation of high efficiency dielectric volume-holograms of the transmission type are presented in detail. These techniques facilitate the manufacturing of holographic lenses with diffraction efficiency in the order of 97%. In order to achieve the high efficiency, the research team has developed sensitizing and film development procedures for dichromated layers whose scattering losses are comparable to those of the unexposed gelatin layer. The manufacturing of the dichromated gelatin layers is performed in-house (30 x 40 cm<sup>2</sup>) and can easily be extended to large apertures. The layering procedure is a continuous process and is limited at present only by the travel of the motor-driven table top. The reproducibility of the film-thickness for a batch of manufactured 30 x 40 cm<sup>2</sup> holographic plates is better than &plusmn; 1 &mu;m. The film-thickness variation of the gelatin film averaged over the entire surface of a holographic plate is in the order of 0.2 Pm/cm. Theoretical and experimental results are presented for some relevant parameters that control the diffraction efficiency of the concentrator. Emphasis is placed on the problems encountered when a multiple lens-system (stack) is generated in a single gelatin layer or in an integrated multi-layer hologram.
MPTP-induced duodenal ulcers in rat. Prevention by reuptake blockers for serotonin and norepinephrine, but not dopamine. (1990)

Abnormal activity of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine may contribute to the pathophysiology of duodenal ulcers. We therefore studied the effects of neuropharmacological manipulations on 1-methly-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced duodenal ulcers. Duodenal ulcers were produced in rats by 12 subcutaneous injections of a neurotoxin, MPTP, over 4 days. At an MPTP dose of 20 mg.kg. injection, duodenal ulcers developed in 91% (43 of 47) of animals with low mortality. When neuropharmacological agents were preadministered before MPTP, the following effects on duodenal ulcers incidence were obtained. MAO-B inhibitors (pargyline [55%], deprenyl [43%]) but not MAO-A inhibitors (clorgyline [91%]) significantly decreased the frequency of duodenal ulcers suggesting that, like MPTP-induced parkinsonism, formation of a toxic metabolite, probably 1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridinium is involved. Reuptake blockers for serotonin (fluoxetine [18%], indalpine [25%]) also decreased the frequency of duodenal ulcers. Reuptake blockers for norepinephrine (desmethylimipramine [17%], tomoxepine [31%], but not amfonelic acid [82%]) decreased the frequency of duodenal ulcers. Reuptake blockers for dopamine (benztropine [73%], amfonelic acid [82%], GBR-12909 [80%]) did not protect against duodenal ulcers. However, GBR-12909 significantly decreased the severity of those duodenal ulcers that were produced. These data suggest that abnormally low levels of synaptic transmission in serotonergic and possibly noradrenergic neurons play an important role in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer while the role of dopamine may be limited to modulation of ulcer severity.
Suppression of the clinical and cytokine response to endotoxin by RWJ-67657, a p38 mitogen-activated protein-kinase inhibitor, in healthy human volunteers (2001)

We conclude that inhibition of p38MAPK by RWJ-67657 might be a tool to intervene in the deranged immune response in sepsis and other inflammatory diseases.
Characteristics of an scFv Antibody Fragment That Binds to Immunoglobulin G of Graves' Disease Patients and Inhibits Autoantibody-Mediated Thyroid-Stimulating Activity (2008)

Thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAbs) are responsible for hyperthyroid Graves' disease (GD). Although two peptides that bind to GD immunoglobulin G (IgG), and some monoclonal antibodies to the TSH receptor (TSH-R), have been reported to inhibit stimulation of cAMP production by patient serum TSAb, our work is the first to use phage-display technology to produce a mouse single-chain Fv antibody fragment (scFv) that binds to GD IgG and acts as a powerful TSAb (and TSH) antagonist. The specificity characteristics and relative affinity (2.8 mol/L) of T17 were identified by competitive inhibition ELISA and thiocyanate elution. The purified T17 scFv was then tested for its effect on stimulation of cAMP production by Graves' patients' sera in TSH receptor-transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. T17 was an effective antagonist of TSAb activity in 13 of 16 patients with GD. In addition, (125)I-TSH binding to TSH-R was also inhibited by T17 (57% inhibition at 1 mg/mL). This new scFv suggests in vitro applications such as purification of TSAb or diagnosis of GD. In addition, it may have in vivo usefulness such as treatment of TSH-R mediated ophthalmic symptoms of Graves' disease.
The Spermicide Nonoxynol-9 Does Not Inactivate Papillomavirus (1992)

Vaginal spermicides are effective contraceptive, and are also capable of inactivating many sexually transmitted pathogens by their detergent effect on bacterial cell membranes and viral envelopes. A 5% concentration of nonoxynol-9, the most frequently used active ingredient of spermicides, was tested for its ability to reduce the transforming activity of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1), and the infectivity of BK virus (BKV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Nonoxynol-9 markedly reduced the infectivity of CMV, an enveloped virus, but did not significantly affect the activity of the nonenveloped viruses BPV-1 and BKV. Papillomavirus infections are strongly implicated in the etiology of cervical cancer. The reported protective effect of vaginal spermicides against cervical cancer is very likely not mediated by direct inactivation of papillomaviruses by the spermicide.