gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells and the regulation of immunoglobulin heavy chain class switching (2005)

By substituting the heavy chain constant region of IgM and IgD with that of IgG, IgA or IgE, immunoglobulin class switching endows antibodies with novel effector functions that enhance the ability of the immune system to effectively clear invading pathogens. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells critically link innate immunity with adaptive immunity by producing massive amounts of type 1 IFN in response to viruses. We have recently found that type 1 IFN triggers class switching by inducing myeloid dendritic cells to upregulate the expression of BAFF and APRIL, two powerful B cell-activating molecules. In this paper, we propose that IFN-producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells modulate class switching by activating B cells through both T cell-dependent and T cell-independent pathways. A better understanding of these pathways may facilitate the development of novel antiviral vaccine strategies and aid in identifying new therapies for antibody-mediated autoimmune disorders, such as lupus.
Self-organized growth of single crystals of nanopores (2003)

Self-organized single crystalline two-dimensional hexagonal arrays of pores in InP semiconductor compound are reported. We show that the self-arrangement of pores can be obtained on n-type substrates with (100) and (111) orientations. The long-range order in pore distribution evidenced in (100)InP samples proves to be favored by the so-called nucleation layer exhibiting branching pores oriented along 〈111〉 directions. The combination of long-range order with self-induced diameter oscillations is shown to be promising for nonlithographic growth of three-dimensional pore crystals.
The genetics of sporadic breast cancer. (1997)

Breast cancer is a complex disease in which numerous genetic aberrations occur. It is unclear which, if any, of these abnormalities are causative of breast tumorigenesis. However, on the basis of the currently accepted view of breast cancer as a multistep process, it is possible that specific abnormalities may be required in the progression from a normal breast epithelial cell to an invasive tumor cell. Figure 3 shows a schematic putative model of breast cancer progression based primarily on epidemiological and histopathological studies (Page and DuPont, 1992). Advances in methodology have allowed us to more precisely determine the approximate chronology of some of these aberrations and the possible roles each plays in the formation of malignancy. Simplistically, one could speculate that it is the early loss of cell cycle control in the presence of a mitogenic stimulus that allows a cell to divide unchecked. Such uncontrolled proliferation in the absence of wild type p53 would yield a high level of genomic instability. As proliferation continues, numerous additional chromosomal abnormalities occur, and increased tumor heterogeneity would be observed as distinct subpopulations emerge in the evolution toward a progressively more aggressive phenotype. However, much still remains to be learned to gain a full understanding of the key players behind the genetic evolution of breast cancer. Only by analyzing preinvasive and putative early stages of breast cancer will we be able to characterize the most probable sequence of genomic abnormalities.
Physics of Optoelectronic Devices (1996)

Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Shun Lien Chuang, Nasser Peyghambarian, Stephan Koch; Physics of Optoelectronic Devices. Physics Today 1 July 1996; 49 (7): 62. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2807693 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPhysics Today Search Advanced Search
Feedback inhibition of nitric oxide synthase activity by nitric oxide (1993)

1. A murine macrophage cell line, J774, expressed nitric oxide (NO) synthase activity in response to interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma, 10 u ml-1) plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 ng ml-1). The enzyme activity was first detectable 6 h after incubation, peaked at 12 h and became undetectable after 48 h. 2. The decline in the NO synthase activity was not due to inhibition by stable substances secreted by the cells into the culture supernatant. 3. The decline in the NO synthase activity was significantly slowed down in cells cultured in a low L-arginine medium or with added haemoglobin, suggesting that NO may be involved in a feedback inhibitory mechanism. 4. The addition of NO generators, S-nitroso-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP) or S-nitroso-glutathione (GSNO) markedly inhibited the NO synthase activity in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of NO on the enzyme was not due to the inhibition of de novo protein synthesis. 5. SNAP directly inhibited the inducible NO synthase extracted from activated J774 cells, as well as the constitutive NO synthase extracted from the rat brain. 6. The enzyme activity of J774 cells was not restored after the removal of SNAP by gel filtration, suggesting that NO inhibits NO synthase irreversibly.
A comparison of anti‐desmoglein antibodies and indirect immunofluorescence in the serodiagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris (2004)

The IIF and ELISA tests may be used as complementary tests for the serologic diagnosis of pemphigus.
Boundaries of somatic mutation in rearranged immunoglobulin genes: 5' boundary is near the promoter, and 3' boundary is approximately 1 kb from V(D)J gene. (1990)

To investigate why somatic mutations are spatially restricted to a region around the rearranged V(D)J immunoglobulin gene, we compared the distribution of mutations flanking murine V gene segments that had rearranged next to either proximal or distal J gene segments. 124 nucleotide substitutions, nine deletions, and two insertions were identified in 32,481 bp of DNA flanking the coding regions from 17 heavy and kappa light chain genes. Most of the mutations occurred within a 2-kb region centered around the V(D)J gene, regardless of which J gene segment was used, suggesting that the structural information for mutation is located in sequences around and within the V(D)J gene, and not in sequences downstream of the J gene segments. The majority of mutations were found within 300 bp of DNA flanking the 5' side of the V(D)J gene and 850 bp flanking the 3' side at a frequency of 0.8%, which was similar to the frequency in the coding region. The frequency of flanking mutations decreased as a function of distance from the gene. There was no evidence for hot spots in that every mutation was unique and occurred at a different position. No mutations were found upstream of the promoter region, suggesting that the promoter delimits a 5' boundary, which provides strong evidence that transcription is necessary to generate mutation. The 3' boundary was approximately 1 kb from the V(D)J gene and was not associated with a DNA sequence motif. Occasional mutations were located in the nuclear matrix association and enhancer regions. The pattern of substitutions suggests that there is discrimination between the two DNA strands during mutation, in that the four bases were mutated with different frequencies on each strand. The high frequency of mutations in the 3' flanking region and the uniqueness of each mutation argues against templated gene conversion as a mechanism for generating somatic diversity in murine V(D)J genes. Rather, the data support a model for random point mutations where the mechanism is linked to the transcriptional state of the gene.
Regulation of inflammatory vascular damage (2000)

The acute inflammatory response is comprised of an elaborate cascade of mediators that control an ordered sequence of events resulting in the recruitment of neutrophils to the site of infection or injury. Microvascular injury occurring during acute inflammation often results in increased vascular permeability and microvascular haemorrhage. Damage to vascular endothelial cells, basement membrane, and matrix components results from both neutrophil-dependent and neutrophil-independent mechanisms and is also dependent on the organ/tissue source of the endothelial cells. Neutrophil-mediated injury of endothelial cells involves a complex cascade in which products from both cell types affect the cytotoxic outcome. It is also clear that the acute inflammatory response is carefully regulated by the endogenous gene expression of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators. Control of acute inflammation seems to relate to activation of the transcription factor NFkappaB. To appreciate the interrelationship between multiple contributing factors of inflammatory vascular injury, one must first have an understanding of the inflammatory mediator cascades which bring about the recruitment of neutrophils to the site of inflammation. In this review it is discussed how inflammatory mediators, as well as the products of activated neutrophils, affect the outcome of the acute inflammatory response.
Amino-Terminal Dimerization of Peptides on the Solid Support. Synthesis and Biological Activity of the Immunosuppressive HLA−DR Fragments Linked by Poly(ethylene glycol)s (2006)

The nonapeptide fragment of the HLA-DR molecule, located in the exposed loop of the beta chain (164-172) and having the sequence VPRSGEVYT, suppresses the immune response. On the basis of the three-dimensional structure of the HLA-DR superdimer, we designed new dimeric analogs in which the VPRSGEVYT peptides are linked through their N-termini by poly(ethylene glycol) linkers of different lengths and are able to mimic the dimeric nature of the immunosuppressive fragments of HLA class II molecules. The analogs were synthesized using standard solid-phase peptide synthesis protocols. The dimerization was achieved by cross-linking the N-terminal positions of the peptides, attached to an MBHA resin, with alpha,omega-bis(acetic acid) poly(ethylene glycol), activated by esterification with pentafluorophenol. Our results demonstrate that the amino-terminal dimerization of the peptide results in enhanced immunosuppressive activity and that the potency of the conjugates depends on the length of the poly(ethylene glycol) linker. MS/MS analysis of the obtained dimeric peptides is also presented.
Electrochemical Sensors (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTElectrochemical SensorsEric Bakker and Martin Telting-DiazView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849 Cite this: Anal. Chem. 2002, 74, 12, 2781–2800Publication Date (Web):May 7, 2002Publication History Published online7 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac0202278https://doi.org/10.1021/ac0202278review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views16665Altmetric-Citations476LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Electrochemical detection,Electrodes,Materials,Membranes,Sensors Get e-Alerts
Hilbert superposition and modified signal-to-signal beating interference cancellation for single side-band optical NPAM-4 direct-detection system (2017)

We propose a Hilbert superposition and modified signal-to-signal beating interference (SSBI) cancellation scheme in an optical single side-band (SSB) modulation and direct-detection system. The optical SSB signal is generated by a relatively low-cost dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator (DDMZM). The two driving signals are a pair of Hilbert signals with Nyquist pulse-shaped four-level pulse amplitude modulation (NPAM-4). In addition to the transmitted baseband signal, both its Hilbert transform and the SSBI can also be detected by direct-detection, which introduce the interference to the transmitted signal. We use the first-stage Hilbert superposition cancellation (HSC) to cancel the unwanted Hilbert transform signal and a modified single-stage linearization filter which contains the second-stage HSC to deduct the SSBI in the receiver. We experimentally demonstrate that 40 Gb/s optical SSB NPAM-4 signal transmission over 80 km standard single mode fiber (SSMF).
T-DNA organization in tumor cultures and transgenic plants of the monocotyledon Asparagus officinalis (1987)

Asparagus officinalis was the first monocotyledonous plant from which hormone-independent and opine-producing crown gall tissue could be isolated. We confirm by DNA hybridization that tumor lines obtained after infection of this plant by Agrobacterium strains harboring wild-type nopaline and octopine tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmids are stably transformed and contain transferred DNA (T-DNA) segments identical to the T-DNA found in dicotyledonous plants. We have also infected Asparagus with a nononcogenic T-DNA vector that carries a chimeric aminoglycoside phosphotransferase [NOS-APH(3')II] gene and selected transformed tissues on kanamycin-containing medium. The transformed status of these tissues was then confirmed by DNA hybridization. From these calli we regenerated kanamycin-resistant shoots that were subsequently rooted. Thus we report the isolation of transgenic monocotyledonous plants engineered via the Agrobacterium vector system.
Camera motion estimation for 3-D structure reconstruction of moving objects (2012)

The method for camera motion estimation is proposed for the moving objects. Whereas the estimation of the structure and motion (SaM) of the moving objects usually involves the constraints on the motion of the camera and the object, the moving camera velocities can be estimated in our work using the images of the moving object from the single camera without any constraint on the camera and object motion. To this end, the dynamics of the partially measurable state are arranged in such a way that the recursive least-squares (RLS) algorithm can be employed for stationary objects and then the nonlinear observer based on RISE (robust integral signed error) method for dynamic objects sequentially. The proposed method has advantages in that when the proposed method and the previously developed SaM algorithms are combined together, we can reconstruct the 3-D structure of the moving objects from 2-D images from a single camera. Simulation results under time-varying velocities of both camera and object are presented to verify the proposed method.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Carbon-13 chemical shifts in acyclic and alicyclic alcohols (1970)

The chemical shifts of ^(13)C in a variety of acyclic and alicyclic alcohols have been determined by high resolution&#13;\nnmr spectroscopy with the aid of proton decoupling. It has been found that there are rather good linear &#13;\nrelationships between carbon chemical shifts in alcohols and analogously constituted hydrocarbons, wherein a&#13;\nmethyl group replaces the hydroxyl group. The linear correlation coefficients for relationships of the general type δ_CROH = Aδ_CRCHa + B are better than 0.98 for shifts of corresponding ɑ (directly attached hydroxyl), β, y, and δ&#13;\ncarbons for a variety of primary, secondary, and tertiary acyclic alcohols and cyclohexanols carrying both axial and&#13;\nequatorial substituents. The shifts of the carbons of a number of cycloalkanols have been investigated in hope of&#13;\nproviding information about conformations in medium-sized ring compounds.
Experimental investigation of resonant-grating filter lineshapes in comparison with theoretical models (1998)

Resonant-grating lineshapes are compared with results from a previously derived approximate coupled-mode analysis [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A14, 629 (1997)] and to rigorous coupled-wave analysis. Tunability in resonant position (wavelength and angle) and lineshape is achieved by a novel method involving immersion of a bare resonant-grating structure in various liquids, each with a different refractive index. A comparison is made of different filter features—resonant position, efficiency, and angular width—in the experimental results and the theoretical models. The use of coupled-mode theory allows an intuitive picture to be associated with the observed trends in filter characteristic versus refractive index. This investigation reinforces the idea that the use of coupled-mode theory for resonant-grating analysis can simplify filter design.
The Ubiquitously Expressed DNA-Binding Protein Late SV40 Factor Binds Ig Switch Regions and Represses Class Switching to IgA (2002)

Ig heavy chain class switch recombination (CSR) determines the expression of Ig isotypes. The molecular mechanism of CSR and the factors regulating this process have remained elusive. Recombination occurs primarily within switch (S) regions, located upstream of each heavy chain gene (except Cdelta). These repetitive sequences contain consensus DNA-binding sites for the DNA-binding protein late SV40 factor (LSF) (CP2/leader-binding protein-1c). In this study, we demonstrate by EMSA that purified rLSF, as well as LSF within B cell extracts, directly binds both Smu and Salpha sequences. To determine whether LSF is involved in regulating CSR, two different LSF dominant negative variants were stably expressed in the mouse B cell line I.29 mu, which can be induced to switch from IgM to IgA. Overexpression of these dominant negative LSF proteins results in decreased levels of endogenous LSF DNA-binding activity and an increase in cells undergoing CSR. Thus, LSF represses class switching to IgA. In agreement, LSF DNA-binding activity was found to decrease in whole cell extracts from splenic B cells induced to undergo class switching. To elucidate the mechanism of CSR regulation by LSF, the interactions of LSF with proteins involved in chromatin modification were tested in vitro. LSF interacts with both histone deacetylases and the corepressor Sin3A. We propose that LSF represses CSR by histone deacetylation of chromatin within S regions, thereby limiting accessibility to the switch recombination machinery.
Antiepileptic Drugs in Migraine Prevention (2001)

Migraineurs may continue to experience attacks, despite daily use of one or more agents from a wide range of drugs, including beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, serotonin antagonists, tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and antiepileptic agents. Divalproex sodium is the only antiepileptic drug approved for migraine prevention. Gabapentin, topiramate, and other antiepileptic agents are being evaluated for migraine prevention and treatment. Prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials of divalproex, gabapentin, and topiramate for migraine prevention generally were composed of a prospective baseline period, a dose titration period, and a fixed-dose treatment period. The primary efficacy variable was a reduction in the 28-day frequency of migraine headache. Patients receiving divalproex for 12 weeks at doses up to 1500 mg/day achieved significant decreases in the migraine frequency (P<.05), corresponding to reductions of 30% to 40% compared with baseline. Nearly half of the divalproex-treated patients had a 50% or more reduction from baseline in headache frequencies (P< or =.05). Asthenia, vomiting, somnolence, tremor, and alopecia were common adverse events associated with divalproex. Significant reductions in migraine frequency were also observed with gabapentin (1800 to 2400 mg/day) when compared with placebo (P<.01), and nearly half of all patients treated at the highest dose experienced a reduction in headache rate of 50% or more. Somnolence was the most commonly reported adverse event among the gabapentin-treated patients. Two single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials evaluated topiramate for migraine prevention. A lower 28-day migraine frequency was seen during 18 weeks of administration at a maximum daily dose of 200 mg (P =.09). In a second study, a significantly lower mean 28-day migraine frequency was observed during 16 weeks of treatment with topiramate (P =.0015). Mean reduction in migraine frequency was also significantly greater in topiramate-treated patients (P =.0037). Paresthesias, diarrhea, somnolence, and altered taste were commonly reported adverse events in the topiramate-treated patients. Unlike some patients given divalproex or gabapentin, some given topiramate reported weight loss. Large, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials may prove the effectiveness of novel antiepileptic drugs in migraine prevention.
Improving performance of multi-pulse LPC coders at low bit rates (2005)

The multi-pulse excitation model provides a method for producing natural-sounding speech at medium to low bit rates. Multi-pulse analysis obtains the all-pole filter excitation by minimizing a spectrally-weighted mean-squared error between the original and synthetic speech signals. Although the method provides high quality speech around 10 kbits/sec, speech quality suffers if the bit rate is lowered. In this paper, we focus on problems encountered in attempting to maintain speech quality while synthesizing speech using multi-pulse excitation at lower bit rates.
Transient bacteremia induced by toothbrushing a comparison of the Sonicare toothbrush with a conventional toothbrush. (2002)

The Sonicare induced significantly more bacteremias than manual toothbrushing. These results show that vigorous brushing increased bacteremia from one brushing but does not answer whether bacteremia incidence would decrease with a program of vigorous daily brushing; this should be clarified before recommending brushing methods for patients with compromised cardiac conditions.
Mutation of FOXL2 in Granulosa-Cell Tumors of the Ovary (2009)

Whole-transcriptome sequencing of four GCTs identified a single, recurrent somatic mutation (402C-->G) in FOXL2 that was present in almost all morphologically identified adult-type GCTs. Mutant FOXL2 is a potential driver in the pathogenesis of adult-type GCTs.
Mechanically stacked 4-terminal III-V/Si tandem solar cells (2017)

We developed 4-terminal III-V/Si dual-junction solar cells that reach certified record 1-sun efficiencies over 32%. These efficiency values exceed the theoretical efficiency limit of single-junction solar cells and prove the high potential of Si-based multi-junction devices for next-generation solar panels.