gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lipid composition of human serum lipoproteins (1967)

1. The lipid compositions of the low-density lipoproteins, the high-density lipoproteins and the ultracentrifugal residue of human serum are presented, with emphasis on certain lipoprotein classes and lipid components not previously described. 2. Except for the lipoproteins with the lowest and highest densities, there is a trend for stepwise successive increase or, respectively, decrease in the relative amounts of the main constituents of lipoproteins. 3. High-density lipoprotein-2 and high-density lipoprotein-3 have different amounts of certain lipids; high-density lipoprotein-2 has relatively more free cholesterol and sphingomyelin; high-density lipoprotein-3 has more free fatty acids, diglycerides and ceramide monohexosides. 4. All the lipoproteins contain hydrocarbons of the alkane series. The greatest amount, which averages 4.4% of total lipid extracted, is in the ultracentrifugal residue; n-alkanes comprise 18-50% of the hydrocarbons. 5. All the lipoproteins contain ceramide monohexosides. The highest relative contents of these glycolipids are in high-density lipoprotein-3 and in the ultracentrifugal residue. 6. The ultracentrifugal residue contains 55% of the total quantity of free fatty acids present in serum. The remaining free fatty acids are distributed among the other lipoprotein classes. 7. The choline-containing phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin) comprise about 90% of the phospholipids in all the lipoprotein classes except the low-density lipoprotein-2, which contains about 80% of these phospholipids. 8. The presence of a large amount of lysophosphatidylcholine in the ultracentrifugal residue and the successive decrease of sphingomyelin from the low-density lipoprotein-1 to the ultracentrifugal residue was confirmed. 9. The low-density lipoprotein-2 and the ultracentrifugal residue are characterized by relatively high contents of the lower glycerides.
ACT: the Artemis comparison tool (2005)

The Artemis Comparison Tool (ACT) allows an interactive visualisation of comparisons between complete genome sequences and associated annotations. The comparison data can be generated with several different programs; BLASTN, TBLASTX or Mummer comparisons between genomic DNA sequences, or orthologue tables generated by reciprocal FASTA comparison between protein sets. It is possible to identify regions of similarity, insertions and rearrangements at any level from the whole genome to base-pair differences. ACT uses Artemis components to display the sequences and so inherits powerful searching and analysis tools. ACT is part of the Artemis distribution and is similarly open source, written in Java and can run on any Java enabled platform, including UNIX, Macintosh and Windows.
Selected Mutations in a Mesophilic Cytochrome cConfer the Stability of a Thermophilic Counterpart (2000)

Mesophilic cytochrome c(551) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA c(551)) became as stable as its thermophilic counterpart, Hydrogenobacter thermophilus cytochrome c(552) (HT c(552)), through only five amino acid substitutions. The five residues, distributed in three spatially separated regions, were selected and mutated with reference to the corresponding residues in HT c(552) through careful structure comparison. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the stability of the quintuple mutant of PA c(551) could be partly attained through an enthalpic factor. The solution structure of the mutant showed that, as in HT c(552), there were tighter side chain packings in the mutated regions. Furthermore, the mutant had an increased total accessible surface area, resulting in great negative hydration free energy. Our results provide a novel example of protein stabilization in that limited amino acid substitutions can confer the overall stability of a natural highly thermophilic protein upon a mesophilic molecule.
Cell & tissue culture : laboratory procedures (1993)

Partial table of contents: Laboratory Equipment and Planning Basic Techniques for Primary Cell Cultures and Establishment of Continuous Cultures Specialized Culture and Ancillary Techniques Testing for Microbial Contamination Identity Testing Specialized Vertebrate Cultures: Integumentary Systems and Muscular Tissue Specialized Vertebrate Cultures: Respiratory System Specialized Vertebrate Cultures: Female Reproductive System Specialized Vertebrate Cultures: Endocrine System Specialized Vertebrate Cultures: Nervous System Specialized Vertebrate Cultures: Hemopoietic System Culture of Cells from Poikilotherms Hybridomas Recombinant DNA Cell Lines Product Isolation and Purification Statutory Requirements of Product Diagnostics and Other Applications.
Change in Weed Flora with Season and Cultivated Crop and Land (1984)

This experiment was conducted to determine the change in weed flora with season and cultivated crop and land. There are 44 species in 38 genera and 18 families, consisting of 22 annual, 11 biennial and 9 perennial weeds in uplands in Jeonbug Province. Digitaria sanguinalis Scopol. occurred with the highest frequency of 67.2% and in decreasing order Portulaca oleracea L., Chenopodium album L. and Erigeron canadensis L. followed. About 60% of total sites studied indicated Simpson`s index ranging from 0.20 to 0.50. The Simpson`s index decreased from 0.65 on June 8 to 0.15 on November 10. Dominant weed species were Alopecurus aequalis Sosbol, and Polygonum hydropiper Spach in double cropping paddy field, but D. sanguinalis and P. oleracea were the dominant species in uplands. In reclaimed uplands various weed species including, 4rtemisia asiatica Nakai occurred almost equally. Average Simpson`s index for six crops studied was 0.40 and irrespective of the crops being cultivated P. oleracea and D. sanguinalis were dominant weed species and Y. hydropiper, C. album, Exolus blitum Grenier and E. canadensis were sub-dominant.
Membrane Insertion of Escherichia coli α-Hemolysin Is Independent from Membrane Lysis (2005)

Escherichia coli alpha-hemolysin (HlyA) is a protein exotoxin that binds and lyses eukaryotic cell and model membranes in the presence of calcium. Previous studies have been able to distinguish between reversible toxin binding to the membrane and irreversible insertion into the lipid matrix. Membrane lysis occurs as the combined effect of protein insertion plus a transient perturbation of the membrane bilayer structure. In the past, insertion and bilayer perturbation have not been experimentally dissected. This has now been achieved by studying HlyA penetration into lipid monolayers at the air-water interface, in which three-dimensional effects (of the kind required to break down the bilayer permeability barrier) cannot occur. The study of native HlyA, together with the nonlytic precursor pro-HlyA, and of different mutants demonstrates that although some nonlytic variants (e.g. pro-HlyA) exhibit very low levels of insertion, others (e.g. the nonlytic mutant HlyA H859N) insert even more strongly than the lytic wild type. These results show that insertion does not necessarily lead to membrane lysis, i.e. that insertion and lysis are not "coupled" phenomena. Millimolar levels of Ca(2+), which are essential for the lytic activity, cause an extra degree of insertion but only in the case of the lytic forms of HlyA.
Size Estimate of the αβ TCR Repertoire of Naive Mouse Splenocytes (2000)

The diversity of the T cell repertoire of mature T splenocytes is generated, in the thymus, by pairing of alpha and beta variable domains of the alpha beta TCR and by the rearrangements of various gene segments encoding these domains. In the periphery, it results from competition between various T cell subpopulations including recent thymic migrants and long-lived T cells. Quantitative data on the actual size of the T cell repertoire are lacking. Using PCR methods and extensive sequencing, we have measured for the first time the size of the TCR-alpha beta repertoire of naive mouse T splenocytes. There are 5-8 x 105 different nucleotide sequences of BV chains in the whole spleen of young adult mice. We have also determined the size of the BV repertoire in a subpopulation of AV2+ T splenocytes, which allows us to provide a minimum estimate of the alpha beta repertoire. We find that the mouse spleen harbors about 2 x 106 clones of about 10 cells each. This figure, although orders of magnitude smaller than the maximum theoretical diversity (estimated up to 1015), is still large enough to maintain a high functional diversity.
Biochemical Large-Scale Identification of MHC Class I Ligands (2012)

The large-scale identification of MHC class I presented peptides is indispensable for gaining insight into the fundamental rules of immune recognition as well as it is an invaluable tool in identifying potential targets for the immunotherapy of disease. In this chapter we briefly review the existing strategies for the analysis of MHC ligandomes and provide an in-depth protocol for the immunoaffinity purification of MHC class I presented peptides from primary tissues or cells.
Pain Management After Major Orthopaedic Surgery: Current Strategies and New Concepts (2002)

Several recently developed analgesic techniques effectively control pain after major orthopaedic surgery. Neuraxial analgesia provided by epidural and spinal administration of local anesthetics and opioids provides the highest level of pain control; however, such therapy is highly invasive and labor intensive. Neuraxial analgesia is contraindicated in patients receiving low-molecular-weight heparin. Continuous plexus and peripheral neural blockades offer excellent analgesia without the side effects associated with neuraxial and parenteral opioids. Intravenous patient-controlled analgesia allows patients to titrate analgesics in amounts proportional to perceived pain stimulus and provide improved analgesic uniformity. Oral sustained-release opioids offer superior pain control and greater convenience than short-duration agents provide. Opioid dose requirements may be reduced by coadministration of COX-2-type nonsteroidal analgesics.
Ultrasound simulation in bone (2008)

The manner in which ultrasound interacts with bone is of key interest in therapy and diagnosis alike. These may include applications directly to bone, as, for example, in treatment to accelerate the healing of bone fractures and in assessment of bone density in osteoporosis, or indirectly in diagnostic imaging of soft tissue with interest in assessing exposure levels to nearby bone. Because of the lack of analytic solutions to virtually every "practical problem" encountered clinically, ultrasound simulation has become a widely used technique for evaluating ultrasound interactions in bone. This paper provides an overview of the use of ultrasound simulation in bone. A brief description of the mathematical model used to characterize ultrasound propagation in bone is first provided. A number of simulation examples are then presented that explain how simulation may be utilized in a variety of practical configurations. The focus of this paper in terms of examples presented is on diagnostic applications in bone, and, in particular, for assessment of osteoporosis. However, the use of simulation in other areas of interest can easily be extrapolated from the examples presented. In conclusion, this paper describes the use of ultrasound simulation in bone and demonstrates the power of computational methods for ultrasound research in general and tissue and bone applications in particular.
Discriminative Analysis of Rat Sertoli and Peritubular Cells and their Proliferation in Vitro: Evidence for Follicle-Stimulating Hormone-Mediated Contact Inhibition of Sertoli Cell Mitosis1 (1996)

A new methodological approach using immunohistochemical markers for Sertoli cells (alpha inhibin), peritubular cells (alpha smooth muscle actin), and S-phase cells (bromodeoxyuridine; BrdU) is presented that allows an accurate and simultaneous analysis of morphogenetic and mitogenic changes occurring in vitro. Sertoli cells and peritubular cells were isolated by sequential enzymatic digestion from 7-day-old rats. Laminin, as a major component of the extracellular matrix of the seminiferous tubule, and FSH, as a hormone stimulating Sertoli cell proliferation, were tested for their ability to influence the morphology or mitotic activity of the cultured cells. After fixation, the coverslips were stained for these antigens with use of specific primary antibodies and horseradish peroxidase- or alkaline phosphatase-labeled secondary antibodies for visualization of the respective antigens with different-colored precipitates. This approach allowed us to distinguish the two cell populations, which could not be done unequivocally without the antibody staining. We scored striking changes in cell densities and cell ratios during the culture period. Peritubular cells showed a consistently higher BrdU-labeling index than Sertoli cells. While Sertoli cells were not labeled until Day 7, peritubular cells proliferated as soon as on Day 3, and their density doubled from Day 3 to Day 7. A linear negative correlation was established for Sertoli cell proliferation in response to their local density on the coverslip, indicating contact inhibition as a signal for cessation of mitosis. At high cell densities, this inhibition was partially overcome in the presence of FSH. The presence of laminin had striking effects on the morphogenetic response but only a minor influence on mitogenesis.
Detection of differentially expressed genes in prostate cancer by combining suppression subtractive hybridization and cDNA library array (2001)

The molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of prostate cancer have remained poorly understood. The identification of differentially expressed genes has been used as a tool to recognize genes that are involved in disease processes. In this study we combined suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) and cDNA array hybridization to identify genes whose expression is decreased in prostate cancer. cDNA from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) was subtracted with cDNA from the prostate cancer cell line PC-3 and 386 of the subtracted clones were arrayed onto a nylon filter membrane. The differential gene expression was then verified by hybridizing the filter with radioactively labelled first-strand cDNA preparations from BPH, PC-3, four other cancer cell lines, and a normal prostate epithelial cell line (PrEC). In order to validate SSH and cDNA array hybridization, the enrichment of clones in the subtraction, as well as the sensitivity and linearity of array hybridization, was first evaluated. The array hydridization results were confirmed by northern analysis and selected clones were sequenced. Altogether, several known genes, such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA), human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2), phosphatidic acid phosphatase type 2a (PAP2a), alpha-tropomyosin, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP-7), as well as an anonymous transcript (EST), were found to be expressed less in PC-3 than in BPH. Further studies on the significance of these genes in the development of prostate cancer are now warranted.
Vollständig stereospezifische Selbstorganisation eines circularen Helicates (1998)

Wie ein Turbinenrad sieht die Struktur des enantiomerenreinen Helicats [Ag6(L2)6]6+ 1 aus, das als 1⋅(PF6)6-Salz beim Mischen von gelöstem AgPF6 und dem Liganden L2 (zwei über eine Xylylenbrücke verknüpfte kondensierte α-Pinen/Bipyridineinheiten) entsteht. Das Helicat hat einen Außendurchmesser von ca. 3 und einen Innendurchmesser von 0.84 nm und könnte vielleicht für stereospezifische Erkennungsprozesse genutzt werden.
Antitumor Effects of the Mouse Chemokine 6Ckine/SLC Through Angiostatic and Immunological Mechanisms (2000)

Mouse 6Ckine/SLC (secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine) is a chemotactic factor for dendritic cells, T cells, and NK cells in vitro. In addition, mouse 6Ckine/SLC interacts with the chemokine receptor CXCR3, as do several chemokines with antiangiogenic properties. These dual properties of mouse 6Ckine/SLC were tested for the induction of an antitumor response by transducing the C26 colon carcinoma tumor cell line with a cDNA encoding mouse 6Ckine/SLC. The C26-6CK-transduced cells showed reduced tumorigenicity in immunocompetent or in nude mice. Part of this effect was likely due to angiostatic mechanisms as shown by immunohistochemistry and Matrigel assay. C26-6CK tumors were also heavily infiltrated with leukocytes, including granulocytes, dendritic cells, and CD8+ T cells. In vivo, anti-CD8 treatment increased the tumorigenicity of the C26-6CK tumor cells, and tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells had the phenotype of memory effector cells, suggesting the induction of cytotoxic tumor-specific T lymphocytes. On the other hand, anti-asialo-GM1 depletion also increased the tumorigenicity of C26-6CK cells, supporting the participation of NK cells. Finally, tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells had the phenotype and functional features of immature dendritic cells. Overall, these results suggest that mouse 6Ckine/SLC has strong antitumor effects by inducing both angiostatic, CD8+ T cell-mediated, and possibly NK-mediated tumor resistance mechanisms.
Studies Of The Adoption And Use Of Location And Communication Technologies By The Trucking Industry (1991)

Describes current and proposed investigations on the adoption and use of positioning (navigation) and communication technologies by the trucking industry
Enzyme Inactivation in Food Processing using High Pressure Carbon Dioxide Technology (2012)

High pressure carbon dioxide (HPCD) is an effective non-thermal processing technique for inactivating deleterious enzymes in liquid and solid food systems. This processing method avoids high temperatures and exerts a minimal impact on the nutritional and sensory properties of foods, but extends shelf life by inhibiting or killing microorganisms and enzymes. Indigenous enzymes in food such as polyphenol oxidase (PPO), pectin methylesterase (PME), and lypoxygenase (LOX) may cause undesirable chemical changes in food attributes, showing the loss in color, texture, and flavor. For more than two decades, HPCD has proved its effectiveness in inactivating these enzymes. The HPCD-induced inactivation of some microbial enzymes responsible for microbial metabolism is also included. This review presents a survey of the published knowledge regarding the use of HPCD for the inactivation of these enzymes, and analyzes the factors controlling the efficiency of HPCD and speculates on the underlying mechanism that leads to enzyme inactivation.
Relaxed Dimensional Tolerance Whispering Gallery Microbends (2011)

A new class of highly compact photonic microbend exploiting whispering gallery propagation is analyzed. Critical design dimensions are relaxed by using multimode waveguiding. A small outer sidewall radius enables tight arbitrary angle of rotation for the guided light, and the inner radius is reduced beyond the caustic radius to minimize the impact of the microbend dimensions on losses. Whispering gallery operation is compared with single-mode microbend operation using a combination of full-vectorial wave-equation models and 2-D and 3-D finite-difference time domain models. The dependence of loss on fabricated dimension is shown to be reduced by an order of magnitude. Waveguide width variations of ±100 nm lead to loss variations of only ±0.01 dB in the whispering gallery regime, contrasting favorably with ±0.10 dB loss variations for the single-mode regime for a 20 μm radius and for 1.5 μm input waveguide widths. Smaller radius microbends show comparable trends albeit with higher losses and increased sensitivity to width variations. The sensitivity of microbend loss to small changes in narrow waveguide width is attributed to the excitation of a restricted mode group. Moving the inner sidewall beyond the caustic radius allows relaxed tolerance light propagation in the whispering gallery regime. Losses down to 0.2 dB/180° and polarization conversion of down to -25 dB/180 are predicted.
Non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV reverse transcriptase: screening successes--clinical failures. (1992)

A little less than two years ago, the first report describing non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) led to the high anticipation that a range of new drugs could soon be available for the treatment of AIDS. The intervening period has given rise to several such agents but recent clinical trial data has indicated this optimism to be premature. This short review seeks to trace the brief history of the drug discovery process and to assess whether there are lessons to be learnt from the episode.
Adhesive properties of Vibrio cholerae: nature of the interaction with isolated rabbit brush border membranes and human erythrocytes (1976)

Nonmotile vibrio mutants lacked the ability to adhere to rabbit intestinal brush border membranes and to agglutinate human group O erythrocytes, but motile revertant vibrios isolated from such strains expressed adhesiveness equivalent to that of the original parent. Two possible explanations for the relation between vibrio motility and adhesion in these assays systems are (i) that the rate of adhesion depends on the rate of chance contact brought about by motility, and (ii) that the flagellum either acts as a carrier for the bacterial adhesin or may itself be the adhesin. The present study indicates, however, that the lack of adhesion by nonmotile vibrios did not depend on motility as such and did not involve greater rates of elution. Increasing the rate of contact between nonmotile vibrio mutants and brush border membranes by compaction did not restore the adhesive properties of the defective strains. Accordingly, we speculate that the flagellum may function in some indirect way that allows the expression of the adhesive properties, such as by acting as a carrier for a specific vibrio adhesin. Adhesion to brush borders and agglutination of human group O erythrocytes was specifically inhibited by L-fucose and various glycosides of L-fucose and to a lesser extent by D-mannose. Vibrios adhered specifically to agarose beads that carried covalently linked L-fucose on their surfaces. The results suggest that L-fucose-containing structures of eukaryotic cell surfaces may function as receptors for the vibrio adhesin and may therefore be an important determinant of host susceptibility.
High-linearity continuous-time filter in 5-V VLSI CMOS (1992)

High-linearity self-tuning continuous-time filters, fabricated in a standard 1.6- mu m 5-V CMOS process, are presented. Frequency control is achieved using switchable arrays of highly linear double-polysilicon capacitors in an active RC filter structure, resulting in tunable filters with very low signal distortion. One filter, a Tow-Thomas biquad, exhibits dynamic range and signal linearity of typically 91 dB. Another smaller implementation, a Sallen and Key filter, attains >or=76 dB. Cutoff frequency response is maintained to an accuracy of around +or-5%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>