gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The natural history of cutaneous propionibacteria, and reclassification of selected species within the genus Propionibacterium to the proposed novel genera Acidipropionibacterium gen. nov., Cutibacterium gen. nov. and Pseudopropionibacterium gen. nov. (2016)

The genus Propionibacterium in the family Propionibacteriaceaeconsists of species of various habitats, including mature cheese, cattle rumen and human skin. Traditionally, these species have been grouped as either classical or cutaneous propionibacteria based on characteristic phenotypes and source of isolation. To re-evaluate the taxonomy of the family and to elucidate the interspecies relatedness we compared 162 public whole-genome sequences of strains representing species of the family Propionibacteriaceae. We found substantial discrepancies between the phylogenetic signals of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and our high-resolution core-genome analysis. To accommodate these discrepancies, and to address the long-standing issue of the taxonomically problematic Propionibacterium propionicum, we propose three novel genera, Acidipropionibacterium gen. nov., Cutibacterium gen. nov. and Pseudopropionibacterium gen. nov., and an amended description of the genus Propionibacterium. Furthermore, our genome-based analyses support the amounting evidence that the subdivision of Propionibacterium freudenreichii into subspecies is not warranted. Our proposals are supported by phylogenetic analyses, DNA G+C content, peptidoglycan composition and patterns of the gene losses and acquisitions in the cutaneous propionibacteria during their adaptation to the human host.
Severe disturbance in the Ca2+ signaling in astrocytes from mouse models of human infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy with mutated Pla2g6 (2012)

Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD; OMIM #no. 256600) is an inherited degenerative nervous system disorder characterized by nerve abnormalities in brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves. About 85% of INAD patients carry mutations in the PLA2G6 gene that encodes for a Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A(2) (VIA iPLA(2)), but how these mutations lead to disease is unknown. Besides regulating phospholipid homeostasis, VIA iPLA(2) is emerging with additional non-canonical functions, such as modulating store-regulated Ca(2+) entry into cells, and mitochondrial functions. In turn, defective Ca(2+) regulation could contribute to the development of INAD. Here, we studied possible changes in ATP-induced Ca(2+) signaling in astrocytes derived from two mutant strains of mice. The first strain carries a hypomorphic allele of the Pla2g6 that reduces transcript levels to 5-10% of that observed in wild-type mice. The second strain carries a point mutation in Pla2g6 that results in inactive VIA iPLA(2) protein with postulated gain in toxicity. Homozygous mice from both strains develop pathology analogous to that observed in INAD patients. The nucleotide ATP is the most important transmitter inducing Ca(2+) signals in astroglial networks. We demonstrate here a severe disturbance in Ca(2+) responses to ATP in astrocytes derived from both mutant mouse strains. The duration of the Ca(2+) responses in mutant astrocytes was significantly reduced when compared with values observed in control cells. We also show that the reduced Ca(2+) responses are probably due to a reduction in capacitative Ca(2+) entry (2.3-fold). Results suggest that altered Ca(2+) signaling could be a central mechanism in the development of INAD pathology.
Circular dichroism studies of aryl diastereoisomers. 3. Cupra A spectra of chloramphenicol derivatives (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCircular dichroism studies of aryl diastereoisomers. 3. Cupra A spectra of chloramphenicol derivativesLester A. Mitscher, Peter W. Howison, and Theodore D. SokoloskiCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1973, 16, 2, 98–101Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00260a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00260a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views66Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Thy-1, a Novel Marker for Angiogenesis Upregulated by Inflammatory Cytokines (1998)

We identified the cell surface glycoprotein Thy-1 on the endothelium of newly formed blood vessels in four models of angiogenesis in adult rats. Anti-Thy-1 staining showed that Thy-1 was upregulated in adventitial blood vessels after balloon injury to the carotid artery. Preabsorption with a rat Thy-1-Ig fusion construct eliminated all immunoreactivity and thus confirmed the specificity of the Thy-1 staining. Thy-1 was also expressed in the endothelium of small blood vessels formed after tumor implantation in the cornea, in periureteral vessels formed after ligation of the renal artery, and in small blood vessels of the uterus formed during pregnancy. In contrast with its expression during adult angiogenesis, Thy-1 was not expressed in the endothelium of blood vessels during embryonic angiogenesis. In vitro, the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha upregulated Thy-1 mRNA by 8- and 14-fold, respectively. Vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta, and platelet-derived growth factor-BB had no effect on Thy-1 mRNA. Thus, Thy-1 appears to be a marker of adult but not embryonic angiogenesis. The upregulation of Thy-1 by cytokines but not growth factors indicates the importance of inflammation in the pathogenesis of adult angiogenesis.
Pluronic? Block Copolymers in Drug Delivery: from Micellar Nanocontainers to Biological Response Modifiers (2002)

Pluronic block copolymers are recognized pharmaceutical excipients listed in the US and British Pharmacopoeia. The incorporation of drugs into Pluronic micelles results in increased solubility and stability of drugs. Consequently, the micelles are used for delivery of drugs in the body. Pluronic unimers sensitize multidrug-resistant cells by inhibiting drug efflux transporters. This allows for the development of formulations for the treatment of multidrug-resistant and metastatic tumors. Furthermore, these formulations can be used to enhance brain and oral bioavailability of various drugs. Finally, Pluronic formulations were shown to enhance transgene expression in the body. This opens new possibilities for the use of Pluronic in gene therapies.
The Arabidopsis ABORTED MICROSPORES (AMS) gene encodes a MYC class transcription factor (2003)

Visual screening of a T-DNA mutagenised population of Arabidopsis thaliana for an absence of silique elongation lead to the isolation of the aborted microspores (ams) mutant that shows a sporophytic recessive male sterile phenotype. Homozygous mutant plants are completely devoid of mature pollen. Pollen degeneration occurs shortly after release of the microspores from the tetrad, prior to pollen mitosis I. Premature tapetum and microspore degeneration are the primary defects caused by this lesion, while a secondary effect is visualised in the stamen filaments, which are reduced in length and lie beneath the receptive stigma at flower opening. The disrupted gene was isolated and revealed a T-DNA element to be inserted into the eighth exon of a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) gene located on chromosome II. This protein sequence contains a basic DNA binding domain and two alpha helices separated by a loop, typical of a transcription factor belonging to the MYC sub family of bHLH genes. Therefore, AMS plays a crucial role in tapetal cell development and the post-meiotic transcriptional regulation of microspore development within the developing anther.
An investigation into the immunogenicity of various components of osteoarticular grafts. (1974)

Rats have been grafted subcutaneously with heterografts of sheep osteoarticular tissues. Antibody against sheep transplantation antigens has been sought. The results of the studies indicate that articular cartilage alone is poorly immunogenic and if it does lead to an immune response, this response is delayed; it is the bone components of the composite osteoarticular grafts which are highly immunogenic and in most recipients cause a brisk production of antibodies. It is suggested that the cartilage matrix forms a protective barrier to both the afferent and the efferent arms of the immune response.
Chemical Amplification (CHAMP) by a Continuous, Self-Replicating Oligonucleotide-Based System (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTChemical Amplification (CHAMP) by a Continuous, Self-Replicating Oligonucleotide-Based SystemDavid Albagli, Reuel Van Atta, Peter Cheng, Bingfang Huan, and Michael L. WoodView Author Information NAXCOR, 4600 Bohannon Drive, Suite 220 Menlo Park, California 94025 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 29, 6954–6955Publication Date (Web):July 14, 1999Publication History Received11 February 1999Published online14 July 1999Published inissue 1 July 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja990434yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja990434yrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views238Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Chemical reactions,Genetics,Nucleic acid structure,Probes Get e-Alerts
Technologies and Guidelines for Service Creation in NGN (2003)

Network Operators can see next Generation Networks (NGN) as new revenue stream, thanks to the potential they could have in increasing the service offering. Therefore it&amp;apos;s important to understand how proposed technologies and solutions in NGN market can enable, flexible and easy service creation [4] . This paper presents the result of the investigation of Eurescom P1109 project [1] in the area of advanced technologies that enable the introduction of new services in NGNs [6]. These technologies are evaluated with respect to some key evaluation criteria and then a comparison is provided.
Demonstration of Electrochemical Generation of Solution-Phase Hot Electrons at Oxide-Covered Tantalum Electrodes by Direct Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence (1998)

Experimental evidence for the production of hot electrons in an acetonitrile solution from a Ta2O5-covered Ta electrode was provided by electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) and electrochemical measurements. Electron transfer to solution species occurred via the Ta2O5 conduction band, as demonstrated by comparative measurements with a number of one-electron redox couples at Pt and Ta electrodes. The oxidized forms of thianthrene and a heptamethine cyanine dye were selected as the species capable of direct formation of the excited state and ECL upon hot electron injection. The observation of ECL emission upon a cathodic potential step (a process that does not occur at a metal electrode) confirmed the occurrence of this process. ECL emission at Ta/Ta2O5 was also observed during reduction of Ru(bpy)33+ (bpy = bipyridine). Reasons for the low efficiency of the ECL process via hot electrons at the metal/metal oxide/solution interface are discussed.
Lawesson's Reagent: An Efficient 1,3-Dipole Trapping Agent (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLawesson's Reagent: An Efficient 1,3-Dipole Trapping AgentNathalie Dubau-Assibat, Antoine Baceiredo, and Guy BertrandCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 12, 3904–3906Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00117a050https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00117a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views342Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Organoantimony(V) Cyanoximates:  Synthesis, Spectra and Crystal Structures (2000)

A series of 25 new organoantimony(V) cyanoximates has been synthesized and studied using IR, visible, and NMR spectroscopy and X-ray analysis. Crystal structures were determined for compounds (C6H5)4Sb[ONC(CN)C(O)NH2] (1) and (C6H5)4Sb[ONC(CN)C(O)N(CH3)2] (2). Both complexes crystallized in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c (Z = 4) with unit cell parameters (A, grad) of a = 14.921(3), b = 10.165(2), c = 17.571(7), beta = 113.26(6) for compound 1, and a = 16.415(4), b = 10.406(3), c = 17.152(3), beta = 17.152(3), beta = 117.79(2) for compound 2. For 5438 and 5056 independent reflections the refinement yielded R-factors 0.022 and 0.037 for the structures of 1 and 2, respectively. Cyanoxime anions are bound to the antimony(V) atoms in a monodentate fashion via the oxygen atoms of the oxime groups. The ligands adopt trans-anti configuration in these compounds. The coordination polyhedron in both complexes is a distorted trigonal bipyramid with the axial location of the cyanoxime ligand. A similar binding mode of other anions in synthesized organoantimony(V) complexes has been offered on the basis of the similarity of their IR spectra to those of the compounds whose structures were determined crystallographically. The exact assignment of vibrations involving the oxime group was carried out using synthesized 15N(53%), isotopomers.
Three-Dimensional Kinematics and Limb Kinetic Energy of Running Cockroaches (1997)

We tested the hypothesis that fast-running hexapeds must generate high levels of kinetic energy to cycle their limbs rapidly compared with bipeds and quadrupeds. We used high-speed video analysis to determine the three-dimensional movements of the limbs and bodies of cockroaches (Blaberus discoidalis) running on a motorized treadmill at 21 cm s-1 using an alternating tripod gait. We combined these kinematic data with morphological data to calculate the mechanical energy produced to move the limbs relative to the overall center of mass and the mechanical energy generated to rotate the body (head + thorax + abdomen) about the overall center of mass. The kinetic energy involved in moving the limbs was 8 microJ stride-1 (a power output of 21 mW kg-1, which was only approximately 13% of the external mechanical energy generated to lift and accelerate the overall center of mass at this speed. Pitch, yaw and roll rotational movements of the body were modest (less than +/- 7 degrees), and the mechanical energy required for these rotations was surprisingly small (1.7 microJ stride-1 for pitch, 0.5 microJ stride-1 for yaw and 0.4 microJ stride-1 for roll) as was the power (4.2, 1.2 and 1.1 mW kg-1, respectively). Compared at the same absolute forward speed, the mass-specific kinetic energy generated by the trotting hexaped to swing its limbs was approximately half of that predicted from data on much larger two- and four-legged animals. Compared at an equivalent speed (mid-trotting speed), limb kinetic energy was a smaller fraction of total mechanical energy for cockroaches than for large bipedal runners and hoppers and for quadrupedal trotters. Cockroaches operate at relatively high stride frequencies, but distribute ground reaction forces over a greater number of relatively small legs. The relatively small leg mass and inertia of hexapeds may allow relatively high leg cycling frequencies without exceptionally high internal mechanical energy generation.
Drugs developed to treat diabetes, liraglutide and lixisenatide, cross the blood brain barrier and enhance neurogenesis (2012)

Our results suggest that these novel incretin analogues cross the BBB and show physiological activity and neurogenesis in the brain, which may be of use as a treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
C‐Acylation under Virtually Neutral Conditions (1979)

Acylations is syntheses of natural products often have to be performed under very mild conditions. The neutral Mg salt of a malonic thiol half-ester of type (1) permits acylation of imidazolides (Im=1-imidazolyl) in practically neutral solution. Numerous acid- and base-labile groups survive this treatment.
Dry powder inhalation systems for pulmonary delivery of therapeutic peptides and proteins (2008)

Background: Dry powder inhaler (DPI) systems are widely accepted as an alternative to injection and oral administration of therapeutic peptides and proteins. In contrast to oral therapy, pulmonary administration eliminates the potential for poor absorption and high metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract and it also evades first-pass effects in the liver. Inhalation therapy does not cause pain, unlike injection therapy, and this reduces the strain on the patient, possibly leading to improved treatment outcomes. Objective: Alongside the expansion of the DPI market, the science and engineering of dry powder formulations and devices have also grown. In this review, we present information regarding some recent advances in this expanding field, with emphasis on pulmonary delivery of therapeutic peptides and proteins. Methods: The scope of this review was defined by patent information on DPI devices, formulations and pulmonary delivery of therapeutic peptides and proteins for topical and systemic administration. Patent and bibliographic searches were carried out using various databases and websites, including CAplus, United States Patent and Trademark Office patent full-text and image database, Industrial Property Digital Library, Esp@cenet, World Intellectual Property Organization patentscope, Freepatentsonline, and PubMed database. Results/conclusion: A number of research efforts have demonstrated the feasibility of pulmonary delivery systems for therapeutic peptides and proteins, employing novel inhaler devices, powder engineering technologies, functional drug carriers and absorption enhancers. Optimized drug delivery would be achieved not only by improving relatively simple inhaler devices but also by more sophisticated formulations that disperse easily in the air stream.
Synthesis and biological activities of tetrahydroquinazoline analogs of aminopterin and methotrexate (1995)

Abstract (6R,6S)‐5,8‐Dideaza‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroaminopterin ( 1 ) and (6 R ,6 S )‐5,8‐dideaza‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydromethotrexate ( 2 ) were synthesized as potential inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and as antitumor agents. Cyclohexanone‐4‐carboxaldehyde dimethyl acetal, a key intermediate [10] was synthesized from cyclohexane‐1,4‐dione monoethylene ketal, which was converted via a Wittig reaction to its exocyclic 4‐methylene derivative which in turn, was converted to the 4‐aldehyde via a hydroboration‐oxidation sequence. Selective protection of the 4‐aldehyde as the dimethylacetal and cyclization with dicyandiamide afforded the 6‐dimethylacetal of 2,4‐diamino‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroquinazoline. Protection of the 2,4‐diamino moieties and selective deprotection of the 6‐aldehyde followed by reductive amination with p ‐aminobenzoyl‐L‐glutamate afforded 2,4‐bisacetamido‐5,8‐dideaza‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroaminopterin ( 11 ). Deprotection of 11 afforded 1 . Compound 2 was obtained from 11 via N 10 ‐methylation and deprotection. The N 10 ‐methyl analogue 2 was 2–10 fold more potent than 1 as an inhibitor of various DHFRs. In the in vitro preclinical screening program of the National Cancer Institute, compound 2 inhibited the growth of eighteen of the twenty nine tumor cell lines in culture at a GI 50 &gt; 1.0 × 10 −8 M .
Fractals in the Imaging Sciences: INTRODUCTION (1990)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Thomas R. Nelson and Dwight L. Jaggard, "Fractals in the Imaging Sciences: INTRODUCTION," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 7, 1052-1054 (1990) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
p-(1H-Phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl)- Substituted Calix[4]arene, a Deep Cavity for Guest Inclusion (2004)

The reaction of tetra-p-formyltetra-O-propylcalix[4]arene with phenanthrenequinone in the presence of NH(4)OAc affords compound 2, a new class of calixarene with an expanded aromatic cavity, that could be stabilized by hydrogen-bonded bridges and/or ion pairing, thus preventing collapse into fully stacked pinched cone conformations as depicted. Two partially protonated calixarenes interdigitate in the solid state to give rise to a self-assembled face-to-face dimer, stabilized by pi-pi stacking interactions.
A General, Practical Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyanation of (Hetero)Aryl Chlorides and Bromides (2013)

Playing it safe: The nontoxic cyanide source K4[Fe(CN)6]⋅3 H2O can be used for the cyanation of (hetero)aryl halides. The application of palladacycle catalysts prevents poisoning during catalyst formation, thereby allowing for low catalyst loadings, fast reaction times, and wide heterocyclic substrate scope. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.