gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and characterization of a primary-secondary alcohol dehydrogenase from two strains of Clostridium beijerinckii (1993)

Two primary alcohols (1-butanol and ethanol) are major fermentation products of several clostridial species. In addition to these two alcohols, the secondary alcohol 2-propanol is produced to a concentration of about 100 mM by some strains of Clostridium beijerinckii. An alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) has been purified to homogeneity from two strains (NRRL B593 and NESTE 255) of 2-propanol-producing C. beijerinckii. When exposed to air, the purified ADH was stable, whereas the partially purified ADH was inactivated. The ADHs from the two strains had similar structural and kinetic properties. Each had a native M(r) of between 90,000 and 100,000 and a subunit M(r) of between 38,000 and 40,000. The ADHs were NADP(H) dependent, but a low level of NAD(+)-linked activity was detected. They were equally active in reducing aldehydes and 2-ketones, but a much lower oxidizing activity was obtained with primary alcohols than with secondary alcohols. The kcat/Km value for the alcohol-forming reaction appears to be a function of the size of the larger alkyl substituent on the carbonyl group. ADH activities measured in the presence of both acetone and butyraldehyde did not exceed activities measured with either substrate present alone, indicating a common active site for both substrates. There was no similarity in the N-terminal amino acid sequence between that of the ADH and those of fungi and several other bacteria. However, the N-terminal sequence had 67% identity with those of two other anaerobes, Thermoanaerobium brockii and Methanobacterium palustre. Furthermore, conserved glycine and tryptophan residues are present in ADHs of these three anaerobic bacteria and ADHs of mammals and green plants.
Circumferential Pulmonary-Vein Ablation for Chronic Atrial Fibrillation (2006)

Sinus rhythm can be maintained long term in the majority of patients with chronic atrial fibrillation by means of circumferential pulmonary-vein ablation independently of the effects of antiarrhythmic-drug therapy, cardioversion, or both. The maintenance of sinus rhythm is associated with a significant decrease in both the severity of symptoms and the left atrial diameter.
Identification of lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor in multiple sclerosis lesions. (1991)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) brain tissue, spleen, and PBMC were studied using immunocytochemistry and FACS for immunoreactivity for lymphotoxin (LT) and TNF. Both cytokines were identified in acute and chronic active MS lesions but were absent from chronic silent lesions. LT was associated with CD3+ lymphocytes and Leu-M5+ microglia cells at the lesion edge and to a lesser extent, in adjacent white matter. TNF was associated with astrocytes in all areas of the lesion, and with foamy macrophages in the center of the active lesion. In acute lesions, immunoreactivity for TNF in endothelial cells was noted at the lesion edge. No LT or TNF reactivity was detected in Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease brain tissues but was present at lower levels in central nervous system (CNS) tissue from other inflammatory conditions, except for adrenoleucodystrophy which displayed high levels of LT in microglia. No increase in LT and TNF reactivity was detected in spleen and PBMC of MS patients suggesting specific reactivity within the CNS. These results indicate that LT and TNF may be involved in the immunopathogenesis of MS, and can be detected in both inflammatory cells and cells endogenous to the CNS.
A Multiligand Based Pd Catalyst for C−N Cross-Coupling Reactions (2010)

An alternative approach to catalyst development, which led to a Pd catalyst based on two biarylphosphine ligands for C-N cross-coupling reactions, is reported. By effectively being able to take the form of multiple catalysts this system manifests the best properties that catalysts based on either of the two ligands exhibit separately and displays the highest reactivity and substrate scope of any system that has been reported to date for these reactions.
Death Late in the 20th Century (1991)

A question: “Is ‘to be’ the same as ‘to be alive'?” An answer: “In death what is called a ‘man’ simply ceases to exist: ‘man’ in the full and unadulterated sense of the word exists only as a living being.” Yet, “We must not relinquish the truth that the spiritual soul is indestructible.” Joseph Pieper (1). A question: “Is, then, being a ‘man’ just a phase of one's being?”
Purification of Phospholipase C β and Phospholipase C ε from Sf9 Cells (2003)

Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PLC) enzymes catalyze hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) generating diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP(3)). The PLC beta isoforms of PLCs are activated by G proteins after hormone or neurotransmitter stimulation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). PLC epsilon is a recently identified PLC isoform that is activated by Ras and G beta gamma subunit although the physiological role of this enzyme is not well understood. Methods for purification of PLC beta and PLC epsilon from Sf9 cells are described. In the case of hexahistidine (6-His)-tagged PLC beta the purification involves two steps, affinity chromatography with Ni-NTA agarose followed by heparin Sepharose chromatography. 6-His-tagged PLC epsilon can be purified in a single step with nickel nitrilotriacetic acid-agarose (Ni-NTA) affinity chromatography.
Cdk2/cdc2 expression in colon carcinogenesis and effects of cdk2/cdc2 inhibitor in colon cancer cells. (1998)

Cyclin dependent kinases propel the cell cycle in collaboration with cyclins. We have examined the expression of cdk2/cdc2 in adenoma and focal carcinoma in adenomatous tissue to explore their role in tumorigenesis of colorectum. Immunohistochemical study revealed that cdk2/cdc2 was overexpressed in a subsets of adenoma (14/50; 28.0%) but this overexpression was much more obvious in focal carcinoma (13/15; 86.7%). These results suggest that cdk2/cdc2 is remarkably upregulated together with a malignant change. In an effort to demonstrate a significant role for cdk2/cdc2 in colon cancer, we investigated growth and apoptosis with butyrolactone I, a specific inhibitor for cdk2/cdc2, using 4 colon carcinoma cell lines (HCT116, LoVo, HT29, Colo 320DM). Butyrolactone I inhibited proliferation of all colon carcinoma cell lines at 100 microM and it induced apoptosis in LoVo cell line with induction of p53. Our findings suggest that inhibition of cdk2/cdc2 may be a useful strategy against colon cancer.
Reaction of the Cyclooctatetraenyl Dianion with Methyl Iodide1 (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of the Cyclooctatetraenyl Dianion with Methyl Iodide1David A. Bak and Kenneth ConrowCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 12, 3958–3965Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01350a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01350a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
OmniTRACS: a commercial Ku-band mobile satellite terminal and its applicability to military mobile terminals (2003)

The technical characteristics of the OmniTRACS system are described. This system is the first operational mobile Ku-band satellite communications system and provides two-way message and position determination service to mobile terminals using existing Ku-band satellites. Interference to and from the system is minimized by the use of spread-spectrum techniques, together with low-power, low-data-rate transmissions. The applicability of this technology to implement a military mobile terminal operating over existing SHF satellites is also presented. Features discussed include the return- and forward-link modulating signals, the return-link power density, and the mobile-terminal hardware.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Characterization of dominant cultivable lactobacilli and their antibiotic resistance profiles from faecal samples of weaning piglets (2007)

Valuable information on Lactobacillus species distribution and their antibiotic resistance profiles in piglets is obtained.
The PAG gene product, a stress-induced protein with antioxidant properties, is an Abl SH3-binding protein and a physiological inhibitor of c-Abl tyrosine kinase activity (1997)

Biochemical and genetic evidence suggests that the tyrosine kinase activity of c-Abl is tightly regulated in vivo by a cellular factor binding to the Src homology 3 (SH3) domain of Abl. We used the yeast two-hybrid system to identify a gene, PAG, whose protein product (Pag) interacts specifically with the Abl SH3 domain. Pag, also known as macrophage 23-kD stress protein (MSP23), is a member of a novel family of proteins with antioxidant activity implicated in the cellular response to oxidative stress and in control of cell proliferation and differentiation. In a co-expression assay, Pag associates with c-Abl in vivo and inhibits tyrosine phosphorylation induced by overexpression of c-Abl. Inhibition requires the Abl SH3 and kinase domains and is not observed with other Abl SH3-binding proteins. Expression of Pag also inhibits the in vitro kinase activity of c-Abl, but not SH3-mutated Abl or v-Abl. When transfected in NIH-3T3 cells, Pag is localized to nucleus and cytoplasm and rescues the cytostatic effect induced by c-Abl. These observations suggest Pag is a physiological inhibitor of c-Abl in vivo.
New animal models of Parkinson's disease (2011)

Abstract Background: Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder mainly characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons from the substantia nigra pars compacta and the presence, in the affected brain regions, of protein inclusions named Lewy Bodies. Despite the fact that numerous mutations causing hereditary forms of Parkinson's disease have been identified in the last decade, current transgenic animal models do not adequately reproduce cardinal features of the human disease. Altogether, the animal models derived of human mutations indicate that the nigrostriatal degenerative process results from the combination of several mechanisms that implicate mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage, and protein degradation impairment. Methods and Results: We performed a literature search between 2008 and 2010. Discussion: The absence of adequate in vivo experimental models of Parkinson's disease has severe repercussions for therapeutic intervention success for this incurable neurodegenerative disorder. The present nonexhaustive review looks at invertebrate and mammalian models of Parkinson's disease generated in the last three years. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society
Serum beta2microglobulin and survival duration in multiple myeloma: a simple reliable marker for staging. (1983)

Previous reports have shown serum beta2 microglobulin (SB2M) to be a reliable marker for evaluation of presenting tumour mass, response to chemotherapy and prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma (MM). In the current study, SB2M was evaluated and correlated by bivariate and multivariate regression analyses with the main presenting clinical features, response to chemotherapy and survival duration of 115 untreated myeloma patients. In the bivariate analysis, there was a clear correlation between SB2M and myeloma stage (P = 0.002). Other interesting correlations were between SB2M and creatinine values (P less than 0.001), SB2M and the likelihood of having lambda subtype (P less than 0.001), high SB2M and high uric acid (P less than 0.036), high SB2M and a low haemoglobin (P less than 0.001). In the multivariate regression analyses, SB2M alone completely substituted for the effect of initial staging and gave a very reliable fit for survival prediction. Particularly noteworthy was the dramatic difference in survival duration observed between patients with a high pre-treatment SB2M (greater than 6 micrograms/ml) and those with low SB2M: 26 months versus 52 months (P less than 0.0001). We conclude that SB2M is the major determinant of survival in MM and can be used alone for effective pretreatment stratification of myeloma patients.
Immunosuppressive effects of L-asparaginase. (1970)

Summary The immunological effects of l-asparaginase were studied in man. l-Asparaginase suppressed the development of delayed hypersensitivity to primary antigens in cancer patients receiving therapeutic doses of the drug. The development of delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions was completely or partially suppressed in 5 out of 8 patients immunized with 2 mg keyhole limpet hemocyanin and in 5 out of 6 patients immunized with a synthetic amino acid copolymer of glutamic acid, lysine, alanine, and tyrosine. l-asparaginase did not change established delayed hypersensitivity skin reactivity. Production of antibodies to keyhole limpet hemocyanin was delayed and suppressed by l-asparaginase and 3 out of 8 patients did not produce any antibody to this antigen. Antibody production was delayed and antibody titers were lower compared to controls in the other 5. Production of antibodies to the synthetic amino acid copolymer of glutamic acid, lysine, alanine, and tyrosine was delayed by treatment. Lymphocytes of patients receiving l-asparaginase did not respond to phytohemagglutinin or specific antigens when cultured in media containing their own on-treatment serum, but responded at normal level when washed and cultured in media containing normal serum or their own pretreatment serum. Phytohemagglutinin-induced blastogenic responses of lymphocytes from hematologically normal subjects were suppressed by the addition of serum from patients on l-asparaginase treatment.
Marine natural products as anticancer drugs (2005)

The chemical and biological diversity of the marine environment is immeasurable and therefore is an extraordinary resource for the discovery of new anticancer drugs. Recent technological and methodologic advances in structure elucidation, organic synthesis, and biological assay have resulted in the isolation and clinical evaluation of various novel anticancer agents. These compounds range in structural class from simple linear peptides, such as dolastatin 10, to complex macrocyclic polyethers, such as halichondrin B; equally as diverse are the molecular modes of action by which these molecules impart their biological activity. This review highlights several marine natural products and their synthetic derivatives that are currently undergoing clinical evaluation as anticancer drugs.
Internet Advertising and the Generalized Second-Price Auction: Selling Billions of Dollars Worth of Keywords (2007)

We investigate the “generalized second-price” (GSP) auction, a new mechanism used by search engines to sell online advertising. Although GSP looks similar to the Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG) mechanism, its properties are very different. Unlike the VCG mechanism, GSP generally does not have an equilibrium in dominant strategies, and truth-telling is not an equilibrium of GSP. To analyze the properties of GSP, we describe the generalized English auction that corresponds to GSP and show that it has a unique equilibrium. This is an ex post equilibrium, with the same payoffs to all players as the dominant strategy equilibrium of VCG. (JEL D44, L81, M37)
In vivo reprogramming of Sox9 + cells in the liver to insulin-secreting ducts (2012)

In embryonic development, the pancreas and liver share developmental history up to the stage of bud formation. Therefore, we postulated that direct reprogramming of liver to pancreatic cells can occur when suitable transcription factors are overexpressed. Using a polycistronic vector we misexpress Pdx1, Ngn3, and MafA in the livers of NOD-SCID mice rendered diabetic by treatment with streptozotocin (STZ). The diabetes is relieved long term. Many ectopic duct-like structures appear that express a variety of β-cell markers, including dense core granules visible by electron microscopy (EM). Use of a vector also expressing GFP shows that the ducts persist long after the viral gene expression has ceased, indicating that this is a true irreversible cell reprogramming event. We have recovered the insulin(+) cells by cell sorting and shown that they display glucose-sensitive insulin secretion. The early formed insulin(+) cells can be seen to coexpress SOX9 and are also labeled in mice lineage labeled for Sox9 expression. SOX9(+) cells are normally found associated with small bile ducts in the periportal region, indicating that the duct-like structures arise from this source. This work confirms that developmentally related cells can be reprogrammed by suitable transcription factors and also suggests a unique therapy for diabetes.
The Paramyxovirus Simian Virus 5 V Protein Slows Progression of the Cell Cycle (2000)

Infection of cells by many viruses affects the cell division cycle of the host cell to favor viral replication. We examined the ability of the paramyxovirus simian parainfluenza virus 5 (SV5) to affect cell cycle progression, and we found that SV5 slows the rate of proliferation of HeLa T4 cells. The SV5-infected cells had a delayed transition from G(1) to S phase and prolonged progression through S phase, and some of the infected cells were arrested in G(2) or M phase. The levels of p53 and p21(CIP1) were not increased in SV5-infected cells compared to mock-infected cells, suggesting that the changes in the cell cycle occur through a p53-independent mechanism. However, the phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (pRB) was delayed and prolonged in SV5-infected cells. The changes in the cell cycle were also observed in cells expressing the SV5 V protein but not in the cells expressing the SV5 P protein or the V protein lacking its unique C terminus (VDeltaC). The unique C terminus of the V protein of SV5 was shown previously to interact with DDB1, which is the 127-kDa subunit of the multifunctional damage-specific DNA-binding protein (DDB) heterodimer. The coexpression of DDB1 with V can partially restore the changes in the cell cycle caused by expression of the V protein.
Tutorial: an overview of UML 2.0 (2004)

This paper covers the salient aspects of the first major revision of the Unified Modeling Language - UML 2.0. In this brief summary, we briefly review some of the main points covered in the paper.
Robust Design of a Particle-Free Silver-Organo-Complex Ink with High Conductivity and Inkjet Stability for Flexible Electronics (2015)

Currently, silver-nanoparticle-based inkjet ink is commercially available. This type of ink has several serious problems such as a complex synthesis protocol, high cost, high sintering temperatures (∼200 °C), particle aggregation, nozzle clogging, poor shelf life, and jetting instability. For the emerging field of printed electronics, these shortcomings in conductive inks are barriers for their widespread use in practical applications. Formulating particle-free silver inks has potential to solve these issues and requires careful design of the silver complexation. The ink complex must meet various requirements, such as in situ reduction, optimum viscosity, storage and jetting stability, smooth uniform sintered films, excellent adhesion, and high conductivity. This study presents a robust formulation of silver-organo-complex (SOC) ink, where complexing molecules act as reducing agents. The 17 wt % silver loaded ink was printed and sintered on a wide range of substrates with uniform surface morphology and excellent adhesion. The jetting stability was monitored for 5 months to confirm that the ink was robust and highly stable with consistent jetting performance. Radio frequency inductors, which are highly sensitive to metal quality, were demonstrated as a proof of concept on flexible PEN substrate. This is a major step toward producing high-quality electronic components with a robust inkjet printing process.
Genetic variants in DNA repair pathway genes and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric adenocarcinoma in a Chinese population (2013)

The DNA repair pathways help to maintain genomic integrity and therefore genetic variation in the pathways could affect the propensity to develop cancer. Selected germline single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the pathways have been associated with esophageal cancer and gastric cancer (GC) but few studies have comprehensively examined the pathway genes. We aimed to investigate associations between DNA repair pathway genes and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and GC, using data from a genome-wide association study in a Han Chinese population where ESCC and GC are the predominant cancers. In sum, 1942 ESCC cases, 1758 GC cases and 2111 controls from the Shanxi Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Genetics Project (discovery set) and the Linxian Nutrition Intervention Trials (replication set) were genotyped for 1675 SNPs in 170 DNA repair-related genes. Logistic regression models were applied to evaluate SNP-level associations. Gene- and pathway-level associations were determined using the resampling-based adaptive rank-truncated product approach. The DNA repair pathways overall were significantly associated with risk of ESCC (P = 6.37 × 10(-4)), but not with GC (P = 0.20). The most significant gene in ESCC was CHEK2 (P = 2.00 × 10(-6)) and in GC was CLK2 (P = 3.02 × 10(-4)). We observed several other genes significantly associated with either ESCC (SMUG1, TDG, TP53, GTF2H3, FEN1, POLQ, HEL308, RAD54B, MPG, FANCE and BRCA1) or GC risk (MRE11A, RAD54L and POLE) (P < 0.05). We provide evidence for an association between specific genes in the DNA repair pathways and the risk of ESCC and GC. Further studies are warranted to validate these associations and to investigate underlying mechanisms.
The local physicochemical environment conditions the proinflammatory response of endothelial cells and thus modulates leukocyte recruitment (2004)

The locations at which vascular endothelial cells recruit leukocytes during physiological or pathological inflammatory responses are influenced by direct effects of local haemodynamics on leukocyte adhesion. However, the expression of genes by endothelial cells, and their ability to respond to inflammatory cytokines also depend on the flow forces to which they are exposed. In addition, cells of the underlying stroma can modify the phenotype and responsiveness of endothelial cells, and hence their ability to recruit leukocytes. Thus, endothelial cells are plastic in their responses, and we hypothesise that the pattern of recruitment of leukocytes to tissues is critically dependent on the variable modulation of the endothelium by the local physicochemical microenvironment.