gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of loads and prosthesis material properties on the mechanics of the proximal femur after total hip arthroplasty (1992)

The objective of this study was to establish the role of loads and prosthesis material properties on the mechanics of the proximal femur after total hip arthroplasty. We developed a three-dimensional finite element model of an intact human femur and the same femur with a conventional collared straight-stem femoral component. Using published data, we defined two sets of loading conditions: one that represented three phases of gait, and one that represented four different extreme loads. The four extreme loads were based on the peak joint contact forces that occur during stair ascent and isometric contraction of various muscle groups. The model was analyzed with three different material properties for the prosthesis, including cobalt-chromium alloy, titanium alloy, and a carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminate. We assumed that the implant was stable, with rigid bonding, collar contact, and no cement. To address femoral component loosening, we examined the shear stresses at the implant-bone interface; to address adaptive bone remodeling, we examined the principal stresses in the supporting cortical bone relative to those in the intact femur. Our analyses of the various loading conditions demonstrated large out-of-plane bending movements and torsional moments, especially for the load representing stair ascent. Based on stepwise multiple regressions, the maximum shear stresses at the implant-bone interface in the distal region were dependent on the total applied axial force and torsion; the maximum shear stresses in the proximal region were dependent on the axial component of the joint contact force alone. Reduction in the prosthesis stiffness, by substitution of the CFRP material properties, resulted in lower interface shear stresses at the distal end of the stem and higher interface shear stresses at the more proximal sections, consistent with the findings of others. We fit equations, based on composite beam theory, to the maximum implant-bone interface shear stresses and the cortical bone principal stresses as a function of the axial modulus of the prosthesis. These equations can be used to estimate the maximum stresses at the interface and in the cortical bone that would be predicted by similar models, for the same prosthesis constructed of alternative materials, relative to the stresses in the intact femur. The nonlinear nature of these relationships was such that the cortical bone stresses changed more rapidly, as a function of the prosthesis modulus, for lower values of elastic modulus, especially in the more proximal sections.
(-)-Methyl cis-3-hydroxy-4,5-oxycyclohex-1-enecarboxylate: stereospecific formation from and conversion to (-)-methyl shikimate; complex formation with bis(carbomethoxy)hydrazine (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT(-)-Methyl cis-3-hydroxy-4,5-oxycyclohex-1-enecarboxylate: stereospecific formation from and conversion to (-)-methyl shikimate; complex formation with bis(carbomethoxy)hydrazineDonald A. McGowan and Glenn A. BerchtoldCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 11, 2381–2383Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00324a034https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00324a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views874Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Linkage of genes essential for synthesis of a polysaccharide capsule in Sphingomonas strain S88 (1996)

Several structurally related capsular polysaccharides that are secreted by members of the genus Sphingomonas are being developed as aqueous rheological control agents for diverse industrial and food applications. They include gellan (S-60), welan (S-130), rhamsan (S-194), S-657, S-88, S-198, S-7, and NW-11. We refer to these polysaccharides as sphingans, after the genus name. This paper characterizes the first gene cluster isolated from a Sphingomonas species (S88) that is required for capsule synthesis. Overlapping DNA segments which spanned about 50 kbp of S88 DNA restored the synthesis of sphingan S-88 in capsule-negative mutants. The mutations were mapped into functional complementation groups, and the contiguous nucleotide sequence for the 29-kbp cluster was determined. The genetic complementation map and the DNA sequences were interpreted as an extended multicistronic locus containing genes essential for the assembly and secretion of polysaccharide S-88. Many of the deduced amino acid sequences were similar to gene products from other polysaccharide-secreting bacteria such as Rhizobium meliloti (succinoglycan), Xanthomonas campestris (xanthan gum), and Salmonella enterica (O antigen). The S88 locus contained a four-gene operon for the biosynthesis of dTDP-L-rhamnose, an essential precursor for the sphingans. Unexpectedly, there were also two genes for secretion of a lytic or toxin-like protein nested within the polysaccharide cluster. The conservation and linkage of genes that code for a defensive capsule and genes for secretion of an offensive lysin or toxin suggest a heretofore unknown pathogenic life history for Sphingomonas strain S88.
Long-Term Culture of Human Urothelial Cells – A Qualitative Analysis (2005)

Today, in vitro culturing of autologous cells is an established method in the field of tissue reconstruction. It can be applied to urothelial cells and could have many clinical implications in urological reconstructive surgery. This development calls for quality controls concerning cells used for clinical treatment when cells are autotransplanted back to the patient. We have studied cultured cells in order to detect whether genetic or morphologic changes occur. Urothelial cells isolated from bladder lavage were cultured according to different protocols based on the presence or absence of feeder cells. Genetic studies were performed by means of karyotyping with standard G-banding and interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses. The morphology of these epithelial cells was judged as well as immunostaining for epithelial cell markers. In addition, to minimize the risk of feeder cell contamination, proliferation studies were performed on cultures including feeder cells that had been pretreated with different doses of mitomycin or radiation. In initial studies, when using feeder cells in each passage according to standard protocols, urothelial cells proliferated unfavourably after the fourth passage with increasing numbers of mouse cells as well as urothelial tetraploid cells. We could also show that urothelial cells from bladder lavage need feeder cells in order to establish primary cultures. Further propagation up to 14 passages was performed without feeder cells and the urothelial cells retained normal karyotypes. We also found that mitomycin treatment had its main effect on feeder cells during the first 2 h. When feeder cells were irradiated, 20 Gy was effective and no feeder cell contamination was seen. In conclusion, we found that a high standard of quality in urothelial cell culturing can be achieved with a careful culturing technique.
Cyclic Oligoribonucleotides (RNA) by Solid-Phase Synthesis (1999)

No restrictions on the sequence variety is one of the key features of the presented solid-phase synthesis for small- to medium-sized cyclic oligoribonucleotides (see diagram). The approach allows fully automated assembly with 2′-O-triisopropylsilyloxymethyl (TOM) RNA phosphoramidites. Ring closure is achieved by standard phosphotriester RNA chemistry. Selective cleavage from the solid support provides the cyclic oligoribonucleotide in high purity after deprotection.
Prospective identification of cardiac progenitors by a novel single cell‐based cardiomyocyte induction (2005)

Dissection of cardiomyocyte differentiation process at the cellular level is indispensable in the research for cardiac development and regeneration. Previously, we have established an embryonic stem cell differentiation system that reproduces early vascular development from progenitor cells that express Flk1, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, by the combinatory application of 2-dimensional culture and flowcytometry. Here we show that cardiomyocytes can be successfully induced from a single Flk1+ cell on 2-dimensional culture, enabling the direct observation of differentiating cardiomyocytes and the prospective identification of cardiac progenitor potentials. Flk1+ cells could give rise to cardiomyocytes, as well as endothelial cells, from a single cell by the co-culture on OP9 stroma cells in a fusion-independent manner. Among the cell populations in intermediate stages from Flk1+ cells to cardiomyocytes, Flk1+/CXCR4+/vascular endothelial cadherin- cells were cardiac-specific progenitors at the single cell level. Noggin, a bone morphogenetic protein inhibitor, abolished cardiomyocyte differentiation by inhibiting the cardiac progenitor induction. However, wnt inhibitors Dkk-1 or Frizzled-8/Fc chimeric protein augmented, but wnt3a inhibited, cardiomyocyte differentiation. In vitro reproduction of cardiomyocyte differentiation process should be a potent tool for the cellular and molecular elucidation of cardiac development, which would provide various targets for cardiac regeneration.
Blocking of experimental arthritis by cleavage of IgG antibodies in vivo (2007)

IdeS has therapeutic potential in IgG antibody-mediated autoimmune arthritis, representing a new and unique means of blocking pathogenic antibodies.
Suicide gene expression induced in tumour cells transduced with recombinant adenoviral, retroviral and plasmid vectors containing the ERBB2 promoter. (1996)

In order to exploit the tumour-specific nature of ERBB2 expression for genetic prodrug-activation therapy, we have generated recombinant adenoviral, retroviral and plasmid vectors containing an expression cassette consisting of the ERBB2 promoter and herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase coding sequence. In the case of the adenoviral vectors, the expression cassette was introduced into the E1 or E3 region of the genome. All of the vectors were capable of sensitizing ERBB2-positive cells to the action of ganciclovir. In contrast to the retroviral and plasmid vectors, however, transduction with the adenoviral vectors also resulted in sensitization of ERBB2-negative cells to ganciclovir, infection of cell lines with a beta-galactosidase expressing adenovirus showed that the sensitizing effect was not due to adenoviral infection per as in all but one of the cell lines tested. This study demonstrates that the ERBB2 promoter can be used to induce ERBB2-dependent sensitization to ganciclovir when in the context of retroviral and plasmid vectors. Observations made in this study do, however, suggest that adenoviral vectors may not be the ideal system to engineer conditional expression, and possible explanation for this phenomenon are discussed.
Core Java (1996)

The first two lessons of Core Java LiveLessons quickly review the history of Java and show you, step by step, how to install the software development environment. In lesson 3, you will learn how to do in Java what you already know in another programming language: write branches and loops, and work with numbers, strings, and arrays. Lesson 4 covers object-oriented programming. Java is thoroughly object-oriented, and the lesson shows you how to use built-in classes and how to build your own. Lessons 5 and 6 cover inheritance and interfaces as well as the lambda expressions, a powerful new feature of Java SE 8. Lesson 7 shows you what to do when your programs do the wrong thing. The lesson covers exception handling, logging, and debugging. In lesson 8, you will learn how to write generic code that works for many different data types. Lesson 9 puts those skills to work, when we examine the multitude of Java collections that allow you to organize your data in many ways. he final three lessons introduce the fundamentals of user interface programming in Java.
Anthrax toxin triggers endocytosis of its receptor via a lipid raft–mediated clathrin-dependent process (2003)

The protective antigen (PA) of the anthrax toxin binds to a cell surface receptor and thereby allows lethal factor (LF) to be taken up and exert its toxic effect in the cytoplasm. Here, we report that clustering of the anthrax toxin receptor (ATR) with heptameric PA or with an antibody sandwich causes its association to specialized cholesterol and glycosphingolipid-rich microdomains of the plasma membrane (lipid rafts). We find that although endocytosis of ATR is slow, clustering it into rafts either via PA heptamerization or using an antibody sandwich is necessary and sufficient to trigger efficient internalization and allow delivery of LF to the cytoplasm. Importantly, altering raft integrity using drugs prevented LF delivery and cleavage of cytosolic MAPK kinases, suggesting that lipid rafts could be therapeutic targets for drugs against anthrax. Moreover, we show that internalization of PA is dynamin and Eps15 dependent, indicating that the clathrin-dependent pathway is the major route of anthrax toxin entry into the cell. The present work illustrates that although the physiological role of the ATR is unknown, its trafficking properties, i.e., slow endocytosis as a monomer and rapid clathrin-mediated uptake on clustering, make it an ideal anthrax toxin receptor.
Elevated levels of protein-bound p-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde, an amino-acid-derived aldehyde generated by myeloperoxidase, are present in human fatty streaks, intermediate lesions and advanced atherosclerotic lesions (2000)

Reactive aldehydes might have a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by covalently modifying low-density lipoprotein (LDL). However, the identities of the aldehyde adducts that form on LDL in vivo are not yet clearly established. We previously demonstrated that the haem protein myeloperoxidase oxidizes proteins in the human artery wall. We also have shown that p-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (pHA), the aldehyde that forms when myeloperoxidase oxidizes L-tyrosine, covalently modifies the Nε-lysine residues of proteins. The resulting Schiff base can be quantified as Nε-[2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]lysine (pHA-lysine) after reduction with NaCNBH3. Here we demonstrate that pHA-lysine is a marker for LDL that has been modified by myeloperoxidase, and that water-soluble, but not lipid-soluble, antioxidants inhibit the modification of LDL protein. To determine whether myeloperoxidase-generated aldehydes might modify LDL in vivo, we used a combination of isotope-dilution GC-MS to quantify pHA-lysine in aortic tissues at various stages of lesion evolution. We also analysed LDL isolated from atherosclerotic aortic tissue. Comparison of normal and atherosclerotic aortic tissue demonstrated a significant elevation (more than 10-fold) of the reduced Schiff base adduct in fatty streaks, intermediate lesions and advanced lesions compared with normal aortic tissue. Moreover, the level of pHA-lysine in LDL recovered from atherosclerotic aortic intima was 200-fold that in plasma LDL of healthy donors. These results indicate that pHA-lysine, a specific covalent modification of LDL, is generated in human atherosclerotic vascular tissue. They also raise the possibility that reactive aldehydes generated by myeloperoxidase have a role in converting LDL into an atherogenic lipoprotein.
Fibrosis Accelerates the Development of Enzyme–Altered Lesions in the Rat Liver (1998)

Injection of pig serum into rats twice a week for 8 weeks induced stellate cell activation resulting in liver fibrosis without parenchymal cell injury. Administration of a choline deficient L-amino acid defined (CDAA) diet for 6 weeks with or without pig serum pretreatment led to the development of preneoplastic lesions that were positive for the placental form of glutathione S-transferase (GSTP). Pig serum pretreatment induced more activated stellate cells in the livers of rats subsequently fed a CDAA diet for 6 weeks compared with rats fed the CDAA diet alone. Activated stellate cells were detected as smooth muscle actin (SMA)-positive cells and by the expression of SMA messenger RNA. These cells caused severe fibrosis as assessed by the hepatic hydroxyproline content. Pre-existing fibrosis induced by the activation of stellate cells with pig serum pretreatment increased hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) level in parallel with GSTP-positive lesions. These results indicate that pre-existing fibrosis with the activated stellate cells accelerates the development of preneoplastic lesions in a CDAA diet model.
Starving the synovium: angiogenesis and inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (1999)

1. Diminish nutrient supply to tumor-like synovium. 2. Inhibit leukocyte adhesion and migration by decreasing endothelial cell surface area.
Test selection based on finite state models (1991)

A method for the selection of appropriate test case, an important issue for conformance testing of protocol implementations as well as software engineering, is presented. Called the partial W-method, it is shown to have general applicability, full fault-detection power, and yields shorter test suites than the W-method. Various other issues that have an impact on the selection of a suitable test suite including the consideration of interaction parameters, various test architectures for protocol testing and the fact that many specifications do not satisfy the assumptions made by most test selection methods (such as complete definition, a correctly implemented reset function, a limited number of states in the implementation, and determinism), are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Proliferation and differentiation of human embryonic germ cell derivatives in bioactive polymeric fibrous scaffold (2005)

Human embryonic germ cell derivatives, a heterogeneous population of uncommitted embryoid body derived (EBD) cells, were studied in a bioactive three-dimensional (3D) fibrous culture. Their proliferation, morphology, gene expression and differentiation were investigated to gain insights on development of 3D bioactive scaffold for pluripotent stem cells. The expansion of the EBD cells in 3D environment was significantly higher than their two-dimensional controls after 21 days. No apparent differentiation of the EBD cells cultured in the 3D environment, as indicated by histology and gene expression profile analysis, was evident. Extracellular matrix production was weak in the long-term 3D culture, and the EBD cells maintained their multilineage gene expressions for the period studied. When nerve growth factor (NGF) was surface-immobilized on the fibrous scaffold via chemically-modified Pluronic, the EBD cells cultured in this scaffold showed evidence of entering the neural pathway. An upregulation of tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA expression was observed when EBD cells were cultured in the NGF-immobilized fibrous scaffold, as demonstrated by real-time PCR and immunofluorescence staining. The study suggests the value of such fibrous 3D culture in manipulating stem cell proliferation/differentiation and as a model for developing a bioactive scaffold.
Differentiation of Short, Single-Stranded DNA Homopolymers in Solid-State Nanopores (2013)

In the last two decades, new techniques that monitor ionic current modulations as single molecules pass through a nanoscale pore have enabled numerous single-molecule studies. While biological nanopores have recently shown the ability to resolve single nucleotides within individual DNA molecules, similar developments with solid-state nanopores have lagged, due to challenges both in fabricating stable nanopores of similar dimensions as biological nanopores and in achieving sufficiently low-noise and high-bandwidth recordings. Here we show that small silicon nitride nanopores (0.8- to 2-nm diameter in 5- to 8-nm-thick membranes) can resolve differences between ionic current signals produced by short (30 base) ssDNA homopolymers (poly(dA), poly(dC), poly(dT)), when combined with measurement electronics that allow a signal-to-noise ratio of better than 10 to be achieved at 1-MHz bandwidth. While identifying intramolecular DNA sequences with silicon nitride nanopores will require further improvements in nanopore sensitivity and noise levels, homopolymer differentiation represents an important milestone in the development of solid-state nanopores.
Flexible magnets are not effective in decreasing pain perception and recovery time after muscle microinjury. (1998)

No significant therapeutic effects on pain control and muscular dysfunction were observed in subjects wearing flexible magnets.
The type III effectors HsvG and HsvB of gall‐forming Pantoea agglomerans determine host specificity and function as transcriptional activators (2006)

Pantoea agglomerans pv. gypsophilae (Pag) elicits galls on gypsophila and a hypersensitive response on beet, whereas P. agglomerans pv. betae (Pab) induces galls on both beet and gypsophila. The pathogenicity of both pathovars is dependent on the presence of a plasmid harbouring type III secretion system (TTSS) components and effectors. The HsvG TTSS effectors of Pag (HsvG-Pag) and Pab (HsvG-Pab) determine the host specificity of both pathovars on gypsophila. Here we describe a novel HsvG homologue, HsvB, which determines the host specificity of Pag and Pab on beet. HsvG requires two direct amino acid repeats for pathogenicity on gypsophila, whereas one repeat in HsvB is sufficient for pathogenicity on beet. Exchanging repeats between HsvG-Pag and HsvB-Pab resulted in a switch of host specificities. Transient expression of GFP-HsvG or GFP-HsvB fusions in gypsophila, beet or melon leaves showed that HsvG and HsvB were localized to the nuclei of host and non-host plants. A yeast one-hybrid assay revealed that a single repeat of HsvG or HsvB was sufficient to activate transcription. By employing random binding-site selection and gel-shift assay HsvG was demonstrated to be a double-stranded DNA-binding protein with an ACACC/aAA consensus binding site. These results suggest that HsvG and HsvB are host-specificity determinants and bear the potential to affect the host transcriptional machinery.