gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Update on the Management of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (2013)

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating cerebrovascular disease. Outcome after SAH is mainly determined by the initial severity of the hemorrhage. Neuroimaging, in particular computed tomography, and aneurysm repair techniques, such as coiling and clipping, as well as neurocritical care management, have improved during the last few years. The management of a patient with SAH should have an interdisciplinary approach with case discussions between the neurointensivist, interventionalist and the neurosurgeon. The patient should be treated in a specialized neurointensive care unit of a center with sufficient SAH case volume. Poor-grade patients can be observed for complications and delayed cerebral ischemia through continuous monitoring techniques in addition to transcranial Doppler ultrasonography such as continuous electroencephalography, brain tissue oxygenation, cerebral metabolism, cerebral blood flow and serial vascular imaging. Neurocritical care should focus on neuromonitoring for delayed cerebral ischemia, management of hydrocephalus, seizures and intracranial hypertension, as well as of medical complications such as hyperglycemia, fever and anemia.
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Inhibit Vascular Permeability by Modulating Vascular Endothelial Cadherin/β-Catenin Signaling (2010)

The barrier formed by endothelial cells (ECs) plays an important role in tissue homeostasis by restricting passage of circulating molecules and inflammatory cells. Disruption of the endothelial barrier in pathologic conditions often leads to uncontrolled inflammation and tissue damage. An important component of this barrier is adherens junctions, which restrict paracellular permeability. The transmembrane protein vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin and its cytoplasmic binding partner β-catenin are major components of functional adherens junctions. We show that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) significantly reduce endothelial permeability in cocultured human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) and following exposure to vascular endothelial growth factor, a potent barrier permeability-enhancing agent. When grown in cocultures with HUVECs, MSCs increased VE-cadherin levels and enhanced recruitment of both VE-cadherin and β-catenin to the plasma membrane. Enhanced membrane localization of β-catenin was associated with a decrease in β-catenin-driven gene transcription. Disruption of the VE-cadherin/β-catenin interaction by overexpressing a truncated VE-cadherin lacking the β-catenin interacting domain blocked the permeability-stabilizing effect of MSCs. Interestingly, a conditioned medium from HUVEC-MSC cocultures, but not from HUVEC or MSC cells cultured alone, significantly reduced endothelial permeability. In addition, intravenous administration of MSCs to brain-injured rodents reduced injury-induced enhanced blood-brain barrier permeability. Similar to the effect on in vitro cultures, this stabilizing effect on blood-brain barrier function was associated with increased expression of VE-cadherin. Taken together, these results identify a putative mechanism by which MSCs can modulate vascular EC permeability. Further, our results suggest that the mediator(s) of these vascular protective effects is a secreted factor(s) released as a result of direct MSC-EC interaction.
Pharmacokinetics of the new antiplatelet agent 2-methyl-3-(1,4,5,6-tetrahydronicotinoyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine in human subjects. (1992)

The pharmacokinetics of KC-764 (2-methyl-3-(1,4,5,6-tetrahydronicotinoyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine, CAS 94457-09-7) was studied in healthy male adult volunteers after single ascending oral dose and multiple dosing for 7 days. Serum KC-764 concentration attained the peak in 1 h and declined with a half-life of about 2 h at a single oral dose of 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg. No dose dependent pharmacokinetics of KC-764 was demonstrated. Three metabolites were detected in serum, but their concentrations were lower than that of KC-764. 48-h urinary recoveries after single doses were 41.6-46.6% of dose, not being dose-dependent. Urinary recovery of unchanged KC-764 was 1.1-1.6% of dose. Three metabolites were present in greater amount in urine than unchanged KC-764 and two metabolites were less than KC-764. There was little daily variation of serum concentrations and urinary excretion of KC-764 and its metabolites in the multiple dosing (20 mg twice a day) study. The daily and total urinary recovery were same as those after single doses. Food reduced Cmax and tended to delay tmax, but did not influence AUC0----infinity and urinary recovery. Serum protein binding of KC-764 was about 60%, being not dependent on total serum concentration.
Biochemical Characterization of AMG 102: A Neutralizing, Fully Human Monoclonal Antibody to Human and Nonhuman Primate Hepatocyte Growth Factor (2010)

AMG 102 is a fully human monoclonal antibody that selectively targets and neutralizes hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF). A detailed biochemical and functional characterization of AMG 102 was done to support its clinical development for the treatment of cancers dependent on signaling through the HGF/SF:c-Met pathway. In competitive equilibrium binding experiments, AMG 102 bound to human and cynomolgus monkey HGF with affinities of approximately 19 pmol/L and 41 pmol/L, respectively. However, AMG 102 did not detect mouse or rabbit HGF on immunoblots. Immunoprecipitation experiments showed that AMG 102 preferentially bound to the mature, active form of HGF, and incubation of AMG 102/HGF complexes with kallikrein protease indicated that AMG 102 had no apparent effect on proteolytic processing of the inactive HGF precursor. AMG 102 inhibited human and cynomolgus monkey HGF-induced c-Met autophosphorylation in PC3 cells with IC(50) values of 0.12 nmol/L and 0.24 nmol/L, respectively. AMG 102 also inhibited cynomolgus monkey HGF-induced migration of human MDA-MB-435 cells but not rat HGF-induced migration of mouse 4T1 cells. Epitope-mapping studies of recombinant HGF molecules comprising human/mouse chimeras and human-to-mouse amino acid substitutions showed that amino acid residues near the NH(2)-terminus of the beta-chain are critical for AMG 102 binding. Bound AMG 102 protected one trypsin protease cleavage site near the NH(2)-terminus of the beta-chain of human HGF, further substantiating the importance of this region for AMG 102 binding. Currently, AMG 102 is in phase II clinical trials in a variety of solid tumor indications. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(2); 400-9.
A coordination architecture for spacecraft formation control (2001)

This paper addresses the problem of coordinating multiple spacecraft to fly in tightly controlled formations. The main contribution of the paper is to introduce a coordination architecture that subsumes leader-following, behavioral, and virtual-structure approaches to the multiagent coordination problem. The architecture is illustrated through a detailed application of the ideas to the problem of synthesizing a multiple spacecraft interferometer in deep space.
The Raytheon DB-110 Sensor: Four Cameras in One Package (1999)

Abstract : Raytheon has designed, manufactured, and flight-tested a new reconnaissance system. The Raytheon DB-110 reconnaissance system is effectively four sensors in one, utilizing simultaneous visible and infrared focal plane assemblies with selectable long-range or short-range optics. This capability permits reconnaissance missions to be conducted from very short range to long range by day or night. This paper reviews the design objectives, system characteristics and example flight test imagery from the Raytheon DB-110 system.
Activity-dependent regulation of Neu differentiation factor/neuregulin expression in rat brain (1998)

Neu differentiation factor (NDF/neuregulin) is widely expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, where it functions as a mediator of the interactions between nerve cells and Schwann, glia, oligodendrocyte, and muscle cells, to control cellular proliferation, differentiation, and migration. NDF binds to two receptor tyrosine kinases, ErbB-3 and ErbB-4. Here we demonstrate that NDF and its ErbB-4 receptor are highly reactive to changes in ambient neuronal activity in the rodent brain in a region-selective manner. Generation of epileptic seizures by using kainic acid, a potent glutamate analog, elevated levels of NDF transcripts in limbic cortical areas, hippocampus, and amygdala. Concomitantly, ErbB-4 mRNA was increased with a similar spatial distribution, but transcription of the other NDF receptor, ErbB-3, did not change. A more moderate stimulation, forced locomotion, was accompanied by an increase in NDF transcripts and protein in the hippocampus and in the motor cortex. Similar changes were found with ErbB-4, but not ErbB-3. Last, a pathway-specific tetanic stimulation of the perforant path, which produced long-term potentiation, was followed by induction of NDF expression in the ipsilateral dentate gyrus and CA3 area of the hippocampus. Taken together, these results indicate that NDF is regulated by physiological activity and may play a role in neural plasticity.
Human neutrophil-mediated fungistasis against Histoplasma capsulatum. Localization of fungistatic activity to the azurophil granules. (1993)

Human neutrophils (PMN) demonstrated potent fungistatic activity against Histoplasma capsulatum (Hc) yeasts in a sensitive microassay that quantifies the growth of yeasts by the incorporation of [3H]leucine. At a PMN:yeast ratio of 1:2, PMN inhibited the growth of yeasts by 37%. Maximum inhibition of 85% to 95% was achieved at a PMN/yeast ratio of 10:1 to 50:1. Opsonization of the yeasts in fresh or heat-inactivated serum was required for PMN-mediated fungistasis, but ingestion of the yeasts was not required. Recognition and phagocytosis of opsonized yeasts was via PMN complement receptor (CR) type 1 (CR1), CR3, and FcRIII (CD16). PMN fungistatic activity was evident by 2 h, was maximum at 24 h, and persisted up to 5 d. In contrast, yeasts multiplied within monocytes to a greater extent than in culture medium alone. PMN from three patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) inhibited the growth of Hc yeasts by an average of 97%, compared with 86% in three normal controls. Furthermore, preincubation of PMN with the lysosomotropic agent NH4Cl inhibited fungistatic activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Finally, experiments with subcellular fractions of PMN demonstrated that the principal component of the fungistatic activity of PMN was localized in the azurophil granules. These data demonstrate that human PMN possess potent fungistatic activity against Hc yeasts and further show that fungistasis is mediated by antimicrobial agents contained in the azurophil granules.
Safety and immunogenicity of the Towne strain cytomegalovirus vaccine (1998)

These results support further evaluation of the Towne strain of CMV in women at risk for acquiring CMV infection during pregnancy or among children transmitting CMV to pregnant women.
Interplanetary navigation using pulsating radio sources (1974)

Radio beacons with distinguishing signatures exist in nature as pulsating radio sources (pulsars). These objects radiate well determined pulse trains over hundreds of megahertz of bandwidth at radio frequencies. Since they are at known positions, they can also be used as navigation beacons in interplanetary space. Pulsar signals are weak and dispersive when viewed from earth. If an omnidirectional antenna is connected to a wideband receiver (200 MHz bandwidth centered at 200 MHz) in which dispersion effects are removed, nominal spacecraft position errors of 1500 km can be obtained after 24 h of signal integration. An antenna gain of 10 db would produce errors as low as 150 km. Since the spacecraft position is determined from the measurement of the phase of a periodic signal, ambiguities occur in the position measurement. Simultaneous use of current spacecraft navigation schemes eliminates these ambiguities.
A 900 MHz transceiver chip set for dual-mode cellular radio mobile terminals (1993)

A chip set for compact transceivers meeting IS54 dual-mode cellular telephone standards is described. It consists of a direct up-conversion modulator and a double conversion receiver in a 12-GHz super-self-aligned bipolar process. It is operated from a 5-V power supply, and the total power dissipation is 310 mW. Both circuits can be put into a power-down mode with a maximum off-current of 10 mu A. The modulator chip is 4.1 mm/sup 2/, and the receiver chip is 4.9 mm/sup 2/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A DNA element responsible for the different tissue specificities of Friend and Moloney retroviral enhancers (1988)

The transcriptional enhancers of the Moloney murine sarcoma virus (MuSV) and Moloney murine leukemia virus (MuLV) have different cell type specificities from that of the Friend MuLV. While the three enhancers are approximately equally active in erythroid cells, the Moloney MuSV and Moloney MuLV enhancers are 20- to 40-fold more active than the Friend MuLV enhancer in T-lymphoid cells. Using mutant enhancers, we have shown that specific differences between the nucleotide sequences of the Moloney MuSV and Friend MuLV enhancers are responsible for their different activities in T cells. Our data allow the localization of a DNA element, repeated several times within the enhancer, which modulates the activity of the enhancer in T cells without affecting it in erythroid cells. This element therefore appears to be one of the determinants of the tissue specificity of the enhancer.
<title>Optical design for a high-etendue imaging Fourier-transform spectrometer</title> (1996)

Current hyperspectral imaging cameras are typically limited in throughput either by a slit or other optical geometries requiring small solid angle instantaneous fields of view. The high etendue imaging Fourier transform spectrometer optical design is a new optical geometry for the production of spectral autocorrelation fringe modulation over an image plane defined by a large CCD array. A throughput advantage approaching several hundred appears realizable, with an accompanying increase in signal to noise proportional to 'root N'. THe simple optical implementation of this design will be discussed along with initial experimental results.
Cryptosporidium parvuminduces apoptosis in biliary epithelia by a Fas/Fas ligand-dependent mechanism (1999)

Although the clinical features of sclerosing cholangitis from opportunistic infections of the biliary tree in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are well known, the mechanisms by which associated pathogens, such as Cryptosporidium parvum, cause disease are obscure. Using an in vitro model of biliary cryptosporidiosis, we observed that C. parvum induces apoptosis in cultured human biliary epithelia. Both caspase protease inhibitors and neutralizing antibodies to either Fas receptor (Fas) and Fas ligand (FasL) inhibited this process; neutralizing antibodies to other apoptotic cytokines [interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)] had no effect. C. parvum stimulated FasL membrane surface translocation, increased both FasL and Fas protein expression in infected biliary epithelia, and induced a marked increase of soluble FasL (but not IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta) in supernatants from infected cells. When a coculture model is used in which infected and uninfected cell populations were physically separated by a semipermeable membrane, both uninfected biliary epithelia and uninfected Fas-sensitive Jurkat cells (but not a Fas-resistant Jurkat cell line) underwent apoptosis when cocultured with infected biliary epithelia. Moreover, both a neutralizing antibody to FasL and a metalloprotease inhibitor blocked the apoptosis in uninfected cocultured cells. Activation of caspase activity was also observed in uninfected cocultured biliary epithelia. The data suggest that C. parvum induces apoptosis in biliary epithelia by a Fas/FasL-dependent mechanism involving both autocrine and paracrine pathways. These observations may be relevant to both the pathogenesis and therapy of the cholangitis seen in AIDS patients with biliary cryptosporidiosis.
High-Yield Preparation of Uniform Cobalt Hydroxide and Oxide Nanoplatelets and Their Characterization (2005)

Cobalt hydroxide nanoplatelets with a uniform hexagonal shape were prepared in high yield ( approximately 95%) by a facile hydrothermal route in the presence of poly(vinylpyrrolidone). This method provides a simple, low-cost, and large-scale route to produce beta-cobalt hydroxide nanoplatelets with an average diameter of 280 nm and a thickness of ca. 26 nm which show a predominant well-crystalline hexagonal brucite-like phase. Their thermal decomposition produced anisotropic nanoplatelets of cobalt oxides (CoO and Co3O4) under designed temperatures. The products were characterized by transmission electronic microscopy, selected-area electron diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetric, and thermogravimetric analysis. The magnetic properties of the products were investigated by a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer. Co3O4 nanoplatelets exhibit a superparamagnetic behavior, and they might be a promising material to study the magnetic tunneling effect as anisotropic nanostructures.
An overview of multiple-window and quadratic-inverse spectrum estimation methods (2002)

Presents examples, history, and a brief review of the theory of multiple-window and quadratic-inverse spectrum estimation methods for mixed harmonizable processes. In addition to the standard uses of making consistent non-parametric auto- and cross-spectrum estimates with jackknife confidence intervals and estimating periodic components in coloured noise, quadratic-inverse theory gives a time-frequency decomposition for stochastic processes. This leads to new estimates of both common and less-familiar functions such as the "time-derivative" of a spectrum.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cholesterol distribution in rat heart myocytes (1995)

Cholesterol oxidase was used to investigate the distribution of free cholesterol between plasma membrane and intracellular pools in cultured neonatal rat heart myocytes. Only 20% of the total unesterified cholesterol was converted to delta 4-cholestenone by cholesterol oxidase in intact cells. With increasing age in culture and concurrent hypertrophy, there was an increase in unesterified cellular cholesterol and plasma membrane cholesterol; their relative distribution remained unchanged. Electron micrographs of negatively stained samples of day 4 cytosol revealed the presence of vesicles 50–200 nm in diameter. Cholesterol monohydrate crystals were found in the cytosol of hypertrophic day 14 cells. Treatment of day 14 cells with small unilamellar vesicles of egg phosphatidylcholine reduced plasma membrane and intracellular cholesterol levels, resulting in the disappearance of the cholesterol monohydrate crystals and the formation of vesicles smaller than those observed in day 4 cultures.
Identification of a Naturally Occurring Transforming Variant of the p65 Subunit of NF-κB (1992)

Transcription factor NF-kappa B comprises two proteins, p50 and p65, that have sequence similarity to the v-rel oncogene. In primary hematopoietic cell populations an alternatively spliced form of NF-kappa B p65 mRNA was observed that encoded a protein designated p65 delta. Expression of the p65 delta cDNA in Rat-1 fibroblasts resulted in focus formation, anchorage-independent growth in soft agar, and tumor formation in athymic nude mice, effects not obtained with expression of p65 or a p65 delta mutant that contains a disruption within the transcriptional activation domain. Thus, p65 delta, which associated weakly and interfered with DNA binding by p65, may sequester an essential limiting regulatory factor or factors required for NF-kappa B function.
Effect of titanium surface topography on macrophage activation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines (2004)

The macrophage has a major role in normal wound healing and the reparative process around implants. Murine macrophage-like cells RAW 264.7 were used to investigate the effect of titanium surfaces on macrophage activation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha] and chemokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha). Four topographies were used: those produced by mechanically polishing, coarse sand blasting, acid etching, and sandblasting and acid etching (SLA). Macrophages were plated on the four titanium surfaces at a population density of 5 x 10(5) cells/mL/well. Tissue culture plastic and tissue culture plastic plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) served as negative and positive control, respectively. In addition, all surfaces were tested for their effects on macrophages in the presence of LPS. Supernatants were collected for assays after 6, 24, and 48 h and the numbers of macrophages attached to the surfaces were quantified using the DAPI (4,6-di-amidino-2-phenylindole) assay. Cytokine and chemokine levels were measured with sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Statistical comparison between the surfaces and the controls was determined by using the two-way analysis of variance including interaction effect (two tailed and p < or = 0.05). Unstimulated macrophages increased their secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-alpha) when attached to rough surfaces (acid etching and SLA, p < or = 0.05). In macrophages stimulated with LPS, the roughest surface SLA produced higher levels of IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha at 24 and 48 h than all other surfaces (p < or = 0.05). Surface topography also modulated the secretion of the chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha by macrophages. Unstimulated macrophages attached to the SLA surface down-regulated their production of chemokines (p < or = 0.05) whereas LPS-stimulated macrophages attached to the SLA surface up-regulated their production (p < or = 0.05). Moreover, the SLA surface was found to act synergistically with LPS as well as the combination of blasting and etching features of the SLA surface resulted in significant release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines by stimulated macrophages at 24 and 48 h (p < or = 0.05). This in vitro study has demonstrated that surface topography, in particular the SLA surface, modulated expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines by macrophages in a time-dependent manner.