gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elderly aggressive-histology non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: first-line VNCOP-B regimen experience on 350 patients. (1999)

Age is a risk factor and a prognostic parameter in elderly aggressive-histology non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients. Several adapted chemotherapeutic regimens have recently been designed and tested on elderly patients. Several of these trials have shown that older aggressive-histology NHL patients can benefit from specific and adequate treatment capable of curing a percentage of these patients. Between January 1992 and September 1997, 350 previously untreated aggressive-histology NHL patients greater than 60 years of age were treated with a combination therapy including cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, vincristine, etoposide, bleomycin, and prednisone (VNCOP-B). Complete remission (CR) was achieved by 202 (58%) patients and partial remission (PR) by 87 (25%), whereas the remaining 61 (17%) patients were nonresponders. The overall response rate (CR + PR) was 83%. Clinical and hematologic toxicities were modest, because 71% of the patients received granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). The CR rates for the three age groups (60 to 69, 70 to 79, and >/=80 years) were similar: 61%, 59%, and 56%, respectively. At 5 years, the relapse-free survival rate was 65%, the overall survival rate was 49%, and the failure-free survival rate was 33%. In the multivariate analysis, prognostic factors associated with longer survival or longer relapse-free survival turned out to be localized disease stage (P =.001) and good performance status (P =.0002). Application of the International Prognostic Factor Index was significantly associated with outcome (P =.001). These data confirm on a large cohort of patients that the VNCOP-B regimen is effective in inducing good CR and relapse-free survival rates with only moderate toxic effects in elderly aggressive-histology NHL.
Spectrum Shaping and NBI Suppression in UWB Communications (2007)

This paper investigates spectrum shaping in ultra-wideband (UWB) communications in order to introduce spectral nulls to limit interference with narrowband signals. Each transmitted symbol is represented by a "coded Gaussian monocycle pulse" in which Gaussian monocycles are weighted, delayed and summed in accordance with a designed codeword. The use of the Gaussian monocycle ensures that the UWB spectrum mask established by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is met, and the codeword is designed to generate a spectral null at the frequency or frequencies being used by existing narrowband devices. Signals obtained with different spectrum shapings (e.g., Butterworth, Chebyshev, elliptical) and by introducing nulls at multiple interference frequency bands are discussed. This approach can be used in various systems; as one application, we simulate the performance of a coded monocycle UWB system with a spectral null in the presence of narrowband interference (NBI) using single carrier block transmission with frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE), and compare its performance with that of an uncoded SC-FDE UWB system using a single Gaussian monocycle. Our results show that NBI can be effectively suppressed by transmitting and matched filtering the pulse with a spectral null at the interference frequency, therefore improving the robustness of UWB systems to NBI
Mild Two-Step Method to Construct DNA-Conjugated Silicon Nanoparticles: Scaffolds for the Detection of MicroRNA-21 (2014)

[Image: see text] We describe a novel two-step method, starting from bulk silicon wafers, to construct DNA conjugated silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs). This method first utilizes reactive high-energy ball milling (RHEBM) to obtain alkene grafted SiNPs. The alkene moieties are subsequently reacted with commercially available thiol-functionalized DNA via thiol–ene click chemistry to produce SiNP DNA conjugates wherein the DNA is attached through a covalent thioether bond. Further, to show the utility of this synthetic strategy, we illustrate how these SiNP ODN conjugates can detect cancer-associated miR-21 via a fluorescence ON strategy. Given that an array of biological molecules can be prepared with thiol termini and that SiNPs are biocompatible and biodegradable, we envision that this synthetic protocol will find utility in salient SiNP systems for potential therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
A multi-mode X-ray imager for medical and industrial applications (2002)

This paper describes a multi-mode, digital imager for real-time X-ray applications. The imager has three modes of operation: low dose fluoroscopy, zoom fluoroscopy, and high resolution radiography. These modes trade-off resolution or field-of-view for frame rate and additionally optimize the sensitivity of the imager to match the X-ray dose used in each mode. This large area sensing technology has a form factor similar to that of an X-ray film cassette, no geometric image distortion, no sensitivity to magnetic fields, a very large dynamic range which eliminates repeat shots due to over or under exposure, 12 bit digital output and the ability to switch between operating modes in real-time. Medical applications include fluoroscopy and radiography, while non-destructive test (NDT) applications might include solder joint verification on printed circuit boards and parts inspection in the automotive and aerospace industries.
Extended‐release antiepileptic drugs: A comparison of pharmacokinetic parameters relative to original immediate‐release formulations (2012)

Many antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have short half-lives with large fluctuations in peak-to-trough plasma concentrations. Consequences of these pharmacokinetic (PK) properties may include adverse events (AEs) and breakthrough seizures, potentially leading to poor adherence. To address these challenges, newer formulations of these AEDs have been developed using unique extended-release (ER) technologies. These technologies extend the dosing interval such that dosing frequency can be minimized, which may improve patient adherence. Available ER formulations have the potential to minimize the spikes in maximum plasma concentrations (C(max) ) at steady-state that often contribute to AEs during treatment with immediate-release (IR) products. In so doing, tolerability advantages may lead to increased AED effectiveness by improving adherence and allowing higher doses if clinically indicated. Direct PK comparison studies of IR and ER formulations (e.g., carbamazepine, divalproate sodium, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, levetiracetam, and phenytoin) have found that dose-normalized ER formulations may or may not be bioequivalent to their IR counterparts, but most ER formulations have a lower fluctuation index ([C(max) -C(min) ]/C(avg) ) compared with the IR versions. This results in flatter concentration-time plots. Not all ER preparations improve the various PK parameters to the same extent, and PK nuances may impact the effectiveness, tolerability, and adherence rates of various ER formulations.
Surface-Enhanced Electric Intensities on Large Silver Spheroids (1983)

Electrodynamic calculations of the electric field on the surface of large Ag prolate spheroids indicate that the field enhancement decreases rapidly, the resonance shifts to longer wavelengths and broadens, and a new set of higher-order resonances appears at shorter wavelengths. These results form the basis for comparison with surface-enhanced Raman scattering measurements from lithographically produced Ag microstructures.
Fine-structure mapping and complementation analysis of nif (nitrogen fixation) genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae (1978)

Four hundred and eighty-nine independent Nif- strains containing 260 point, 130 millimicron-induced, and 99 deletion mutations in nif in the Klebsiella pneumoniae chromosome were isolated. Three hundred and ninety insertion and point mutations were mapped with millimicron-induced deletions carried on 44 plasmids derived from pTM4010, a recombinant R factor containing the his-nif region of K. pneumoniae. The 99 chromosomal deletions in the nif region were mapped with 69 derivatives of pTM4010 carrying insertion and point mutations in nif. Complementation analysis between 84 derivatives of pTM4010 carrying nif mutations and Rec- derivatives of the 390 Nif- mutants identified 14 genes. The nif mutations were ordered into 49 deletion groups with a gene order of his...nifQBALFMVSNEKDHJ. Complementation analysis of millimicron-induced, amber, frameshift, and deletion mutations indicates there are five polycistronic and two monocistronic operons: nifQ nifB, nifA nifL, nifF, nifM nifV nifS, nifN nifE, nifK nifD nifH, and nifJ. Transcription is from right to left in all polycistronic operons.
All-optical bit-error monitoring system using cascaded inverted wavelength converter and optical NOR gate (2003)

A novel all-optical bit-error monitoring system is demonstrated by cascading two all-optical logic gates: an inverted wavelength converter and an optical NOR gate which are realized using injection-locked laser diodes operating at different thresholds. Real-time optical monitoring signal is generated which indicates the positions and duration of both bit and burst errors in 10-Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero signals.
Modified Carbon Fiber Electrodes for Carbon Dioxide Reduction (2004)

Carbon dioxide was reduced by the surface modified carbon fiber electrodes impregnated with indium to form formic acid which is expected to be available for the chemiluminescent application. The PAN (polyacrylonitrile) based carbon fiber (800°C pre-heated) was baked with aluminum chloride and water in nitrogen atmosphere oven to introduce oxygen atoms and to increase the degree of crystallization, which results in the improvement in hydrogen overvoltage and some electrochemical reactivities. Indium was electrodeposited to the surface modified carbon fibers for the working electrode. The current efficiency of carbon dioxide conversion to formic acid was close to 100%, and trace of by-products such as folmaldehyde and carbon monooxide were detected under the optimum electrochemical conditions. The cell technologies of flow coulometric detectors and redox flow batteries were applied to the design of the electrolytic cells for carbon dioxide reduction.
Glycogen accumulation underlies neurodegeneration and autophagy impairment in Lafora disease (2014)

Lafora disease is a fatal neurodegenerative condition characterized by the accumulation of abnormal glycogen inclusions known as Lafora bodies. It is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in either the laforin or malin gene. To study whether glycogen is primarily responsible for the neurodegeneration in Lafora disease, we generated malin knockout mice with impaired (totally or partially) glycogen synthesis. These animals did not show the increase in markers of neurodegeneration, the impairments in electrophysiological properties of hippocampal synapses, nor the susceptibility to kainate-induced epilepsy seen in the malin knockout model. Interestingly, the autophagy impairment that has been described in malin knockout animals was also rescued in this double knockout model. Conversely, two other mouse models in which glycogen is over-accumulated in the brain independently of the lack of malin showed impairment in autophagy. Our findings reveal that glycogen accumulation accounts for the neurodegeneration and functional consequences seen in the malin knockout model, as well as the impaired autophagy. These results identify the regulation of glycogen synthesis as a key target for the treatment of Lafora disease.
Cross-bridged cyclam. Protonation and lithium cation (Li+) complexation in a diamond-lattice cleft (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCross-bridged cyclam. Protonation and lithium cation (Li+) complexation in a diamond-lattice cleftGary R. Weisman, Mark E. Rogers, Edward H. Wong, Jerry P. Jasinski, and Ernest S. PaightCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 23, 8604–8605Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00179a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00179a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1070Altmetric-Citations128LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by regulated expression of a polymeric Tat activation response RNA decoy as a strategy for gene therapy in AIDS. (1993)

We are investigating a strategy for somatic gene therapy to treat human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection by intracellular expression of an RNA decoy and a ribozyme. The RNA decoy, consisting of polymeric Tat activation response elements (TARs), is designed to compete for Tat binding in an equilibrium with viral TAR RNA, thereby inhibiting viral replication. The expression of polymeric TAR is regulated by the HIV long terminal repeat (LTR) and transcriptional activation is dependent on the presence of HIV Tat. Our initial studies indicated that plasmids expressing up to 50 tandem copies of TAR RNA (50TAR) inhibited tat-mediated gene expression by &gt; 90% in a transient transfection assay. A HIV LTR-driven 50TAR construct was subcloned into a replication-defective retroviral vector to ensure high-efficiency gene transfer into T lymphocytes. In addition, a gag RNA-specific ribozyme gene was introduced into the 50TAR containing retroviral vector to enhance the inhibitory effect of the construct (designated TAR-Rib). A human T-cell line (Molt3) was infected (transduced) with the TAR-Rib recombinant retrovirus and challenged with either HIV-1 or simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). HIV-1 replication was inhibited by 99% in the TAR-Rib-transduced T cells and was maintained over a 14-month period, suggesting that this antiviral strategy represses the formation of escape mutants. Interestingly, the TAR-Rib also inhibited SIV replication in transduced T cells, which suggests that polymeric TAR is a general inhibitor of primate lentiviruses; therefore, the macaque model could be used for further in vivo testing of this antiviral gene therapy strategy.
Kinetic model for hydrogen reactions in boron-doped silicon (1993)

A comprehensive kinetic model for the in-diffusion of hydrogen atoms in boron-doped silicon during low-temperature plasma hydrogenation treatments is presented. The model accounts for several commonly observed features of secondary ion mass spectrometry profiles of hydrogenated p-type samples of varying resistivities. In high-resistivity material, the hydrogen profile is explained by invoking hydrogen dimer formation which, for short plasma exposure times, appears to follow steady-state kinetics. Hydrogen profiles in more heavily doped p-type samples, often assumed to be controlled by a single pairing reaction between H+ ions and dopant sites, are shown to be consistent with the trapping of several hydrogen atoms at each acceptor site.
Quantum ghost imaging experiments at ARL (2010)

The first ghost image (GI) of an opaque object by Meyers et al.<sup>1, 2</sup> demonstrated that GI has practical applications and inspired a series of variations used in reflective ghost imaging research. Here we report on some recent Ghost Imaging experiments using Compressive Imaging (CI) and Compressive Sensing (CS) conducted at the Army Research Laboratory. These experiments covered phenomena such as Compressive Turbulence-Free Ghost Imaging (CTFGI), and Compressive Ghost-Imaging-Inspired Imaging (CGIII).
Hydrogen peroxide: a Jekyll and Hyde signalling molecule (2011)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a group of molecules produced in the cell through metabolism of oxygen. Endogenous ROS such as hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) have long been recognised as destructive molecules. The well-established roles they have in the phagosome and genomic instability has led to the characterisation of these molecules as non-specific agents of destruction. Interestingly, there is a growing body of literature suggesting a less sinister role for this Jekyll and Hyde molecule. It is now evident that at lower physiological levels, H₂O₂ can act as a classical intracellular signalling molecule regulating kinase-driven pathways. The newly discovered biological functions attributed to ROS include proliferation, migration, anoikis, survival and autophagy. Furthermore, recent advances in detection and quantification of ROS-family members have revealed that the diverse functions of ROS can be determined by the subcellular source, location and duration of these molecules within the cell. In light of this confounding paradox, we will examine the factors and circumstances that determine whether H₂O₂ acts in a pro-survival or deleterious manner.
Characterization of SEZ6L2 cell‐surface protein as a novel prognostic marker for lung cancer (2006)

To identify molecules that might serve as biomarkers or targets for development of novel molecular therapies, we have been screening genes encoding transmembrane/secretory proteins that are up-regulated in lung cancers, using cDNA microarrays coupled with purification of tumor cells by laser microdissection. A gene encoding seizure-related 6 homolog (mouse)-like 2 (SEZ6L2) protein, was chosen as a candidate for such molecule. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and western-blot analyses documented increased expression of SEZ6L2 in the majority of primary lung cancers and lung-cancer cell lines examined. SEZ6L2 protein was proven to be present on the surface of lung-cancer cells by flow cytometrical analysis using anti-SEZ6L2 antibody. Immunohistochemical staining for tumor tissue microarray consisting of 440 archived lung-cancer specimens detected positive SEZ6L2 staining in 327 (78%) of 420 non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) and 13 (65%) of 20 small-cell lung cancers (SCLCs) examined. Moreover, NSCLC patients whose tumors revealed a higher level of SEZ6L2 expression suffered shorter tumor-specific survival compared to those with no SEZ6L2 expression. These results indicate that SEZ6L2 should be a useful prognostic marker of lung cancers.
Suppression of Nuclear Factor-κB Activation and Inflammation in Microglia by Physically Modified Saline (2012)

Chronic inflammation involving activated microglia and astroglia is becoming a hallmark of many human diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. Although NF-κB is a multifunctional transcription factor, it is an important target for controlling inflammation as the transcription of many proinflammatory molecules depends on the activation of NF-κB. Here, we have undertaken a novel approach to attenuate NF-κB activation and associated inflammation in activated glial cells. RNS60 is a 0.9% saline solution containing charge-stabilized nanostructures that are generated by subjecting normal saline to Taylor-Couette-Poiseuille (TCP) flow under elevated oxygen pressure. RNS60, but not normal saline, RNS10.3 (TCP-modified saline without excess oxygen), and PNS60 (saline containing excess oxygen without TCP modification) were found to inhibit the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of inducible NO synthase in activated microglia. Similarly, RNS60 also inhibited the expression of inducible NO synthase in activated astroglia. Inhibition of NF-κB activation by RNS60 suggests that RNS60 exerts its anti-inflammatory effect through the inhibition of NF-κB. Interestingly, RNS60 induced the activation of type IA phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase and Akt and rapidly up-regulated IκBα, a specific endogenous inhibitor of NF-κB. Inhibition of PI 3-kinase and Akt by either chemical inhibitors or dominant-negative mutants abrogated the RNS60-mediated up-regulation of IκBα. Furthermore, we demonstrate that RNS60 induced the activation of cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) via the PI 3-kinase-Akt pathway and that RNS60 up-regulated IκBα via CREB. These results describe a novel anti-inflammatory property of RNS60 via type IA PI 3-kinase-Akt-CREB-mediated up-regulation of IκBα, which may be of therapeutic benefit in neurodegenerative disorders.
Enhanced Memory Responses to Seasonal H1N1 Influenza Vaccination of the Skin with the Use of Vaccine‐Coated Microneedles (2009)

These findings suggest that vaccination of the skin using a microneedle patch can improve protective efficacy and induce long-term sustained immunogenicity and may also provide a simple method of administration to improve influenza vaccination coverage.
Cotinine as a Biomarker of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure (1996)

A biomarker is desirable in quantitating systemic exposure both in smokers and nonsmokers to constituents of tobacco smoke. Self-report measures in smokers, such as cigarettes smoked per day, are highly imprecise owing to individual differences in how cigarettes are smoked, with ranges of nicotine intake per cigarette from 0.3 to 3.0 mg (1, 2). Self-report measures, such as hours per day exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) by nonsmokers, are also likely to be imprecise indicators of intake of tobacco smoke owing to variations in the number of cigarettes smoked, proximity of nonsmokers to smokers, room ventilation and other environmental characteristics, as well as individual differences in sensitivity to and/or concern about adverse effects of ETS. The optimal assessment of exposure to tobacco smoke would be by analysis of the concentrations of a component of smoke in the body fluids of an exposed individual— i.e., a biologic marker or biomarker. There are two broad questions that need to be considered in assessing the validity of a biomarker of tobacco smoke exposure. The first is how well does the concentration of a marker chemical in the air reflect exposure to toxic constituents of smoke that are of concern? The second is how well does a concentration of a particular chemical in a biologic fluid reflect an individual's intake of that chemical (or a related chemical) from tobacco smoke? The National Research Council (3) has proposed criteria for a valid marker of ETS in the air as follows: The marker 1) should be unique or nearly unique for ETS so that other sources are minor in comparison; 2) should be easily detectable; 3) should be emitted at similar rates for a variety of tobacco products; and 4)