gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Java server performance: A case study of building efficient, scalable Jvms (2000)

The importance of the Java™ platform has shifted from a client-centered paradigm to the server. In particular, the Java language has matured into a viable programming model for server applications. Correspondingly, the requirements on the Java virtual machine (Jvm) have shifted. This paper details the server-specific performance enhancements made to the core Jvm and just-in-time (JIT) compiler, which have allowed the IBM Developer Kits that implement Java code for Intel processors to become industry performance leaders. The paper focuses on synchronization implementation and granularity improvements that have greatly increased the scalability of the Java language on multiprocessor machines. Focus is also given to memory management, specifically, object allocation, garbage collection, and heap management. Details of communication and connection scaling are also provided. Finally, server-specific enhancements to the JIT compiler are discussed. All component enhancements in the paper are explained, and their performance implications are quantified with results from representative multithreaded server workloads. The paper summarizes work from across IBM. The authors' specific contributions include the three-tier spin lock, the thread local heap and freelist merge, the dynamic heap growth algorithm, bitwise sweep, compaction avoidance, and the suite of network enhancements.
Long-term management of Crohn's disease with mesalamine capsules (Pentasa). Pentasa Crohn's Disease Compassionate Use Study Group. (1993)

Current long-term treatment of Crohn's disease is unsatisfactory. Based on the Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI), this multicenter trial enrolled patients with either active Crohn's disease (CDAI > or = 150) or disease in remission (CDAI < 150). The primary measure of therapeutic response was mean change in CDAI from baseline to final visit. All patients began treatment with a dosage of < or = 4 g/day of mesalamine that ranged from 3.7 g at baseline to 3.4 g at final visit. Overall, 467 patients were enrolled: 333 (active disease) and 134 (remission). The median study participation time was 14 months. For patients entering with active disease, the mean reduction in CDAI was 77 points, with 42% (122/289) achieving remission by their final visit. For patients entering in remission, there was an increase in mean CDAI from 90 at baseline to 96 at final visit, with 79% (95/120) of patients in remission at final visit and 72% (31/43) in remission continuously after 12 months of therapy. From baseline to final visit, the mean prednisone dose decreased 5 mg/day in patients with active disease and 11 mg/day in patients in remission. Mesalamine was well tolerated and no adverse laboratory trends were observed. These results suggest that controlled-release mesalamine shows promise as a steroid-sparing agent and as a safe and effective long-term therapy for the induction of and maintenance of remission of mild-to-moderate Crohn's disease.
Molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in tyrosine kinases cAbl and cKit (2011)

The inhibition of protein kinases has gained general acceptance as an effective approach to treat a wide range of cancers. However, in many cases, prolonged administration of kinase inhibitors often leads to acquired resistance, and the therapeutic effect is subsequently diminished. The wealth of recent studies using biochemical, kinetic, and structural approaches have revealed the molecular basis for the clinically observed resistance. In this review, we highlight several of the most common molecular mechanisms that lead to acquired resistance to kinase inhibitors observed with the cAbl (cellular form of the Abelson leukemia virus tyrosine kinase) and the type III receptor tyrosine kinase cKit, including a newly identified mechanism resulting from accelerated kinase activation caused by mutations in the activation loop. Strategies to overcome the loss of drug sensitivity that represents a challenge currently facing the field and the emerging approaches to circumvent resistance are discussed.
INTRAVESICAL BOTULINUM TOXIN A ADMINISTRATION PRODUCES ANALGESIA AGAINST ACETIC ACID INDUCED BLADDER PAIN RESPONSES IN RATS (2004)

Intravesical BTX administration blocked acetic acid induced bladder pain responses and inhibited CGRP release from afferent nerve terminals. These results support the clinical application of BTX-A for the treatment of interstitial cystitis and other types of visceral pain.
Back-Pressure-Based Packet-by-Packet Adaptive Routing in Communication Networks (2012)

Back-pressure-based adaptive routing algorithms where each packet is routed along a possibly different path have been extensively studied in the literature. However, such algorithms typically result in poor delay performance and involve high implementation complexity. In this paper, we develop a new adaptive routing algorithm built upon the widely studied back-pressure algorithm. We decouple the routing and scheduling components of the algorithm by designing a probabilistic routing table that is used to route packets to per-destination queues. The scheduling decisions in the case of wireless networks are made using counters called shadow queues. The results are also extended to the case of networks that employ simple forms of network coding. In that case, our algorithm provides a low-complexity solution to optimally exploit the routing–coding tradeoff.
Fc receptor off-signal in the B cell involves apoptosis (1996)

Abstract By linking surface Ig to the FcR Fc γ RII on the mouse B lymphocyte surface, whole anti-Ig has been shown to block cell cycle entry and subsequent Ab production, a phenomenon called the "Fc receptor off-signal." IL-4 or blocking Ab to Fc γ RII, present with whole anti-Ig, restores cell cycle progress to the levels observed with F(ab’)2 anti-Ig. The current study demonstrates that under "off-signal" conditions with whole anti-Ig, the early entry of B cells into apoptosis was accelerated relative to medium alone or equimolar F(ab’)2 anti-Ig. All reagents tested which opposed the whole-anti-Ig-induced blockade of B cell cycle entry also protected B cells from apoptosis (IL-4, PMA, dextran sulfate, and the monoclonal anti-Fc γ RII 2.4G2). This protective effect was most evident at 4 to 12 h, waning at later times. Low dose cycloheximide partially protected B cells from whole anti-Ig-induced apoptosis, but acted as a survival factor, failing to advance B cells from G0 phase or stimulate thymidine incorporation. Additive early apoptosis-associated membrane changes were transiently seen when whole anti-Ig was combined with other apoptosis-accelerating agents (trifluoperazine, staurosporine, dexamethasone, ionomycin, high-dose cycloheximide), but hypodiploid nuclei did not show this effect. B cells from bcl-2 transgenic mice showed less apoptosis when cultured with whole anti-Ig, or with any of the other agents tested. At 4 h the bcl-2-associated reduction in hypodiploid nuclei was greater than the reduction in membrane unpacking, but by 16 h this difference was much less. These results suggest that acceleration of apoptosis contributes to the inhibition of proliferation induced by whole anti-Ig.
Antibody-enhanced thrombolysis: targeting of tissue plasminogen activator in vivo. (1987)

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) was modified by the unidirectional crosslinking reagent N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate and coupled to iminothiolane-modified anti-fibrin antibody 59D8 by the formation of disulfide bonds at neutral pH. Purification by two affinity-chromatography steps yielded tPA-anti-fibrin antibody conjugate (tPA-59D8) possessing both tPA and anti-fibrin antibody activities. In a quantitative rabbit thrombolysis model, the activity of the purified conjugate was compared with that of tPA alone and that of a conjugate between tPA and a digoxin-specific monoclonal antibody. After correction for spontaneous lysis (10.9 +/- 2.5%), tPA-59D8 was shown to be 2.8-9.6 times more potent than tPA alone. Unconjugated tPA and tPA-digoxin were equipotent. At equivalent thrombolytic concentrations, tPA-59D8 degraded less fibrinogen and consumed less alpha 2-antiplasmin than did tPA alone. This suggests that tPA can be efficiently directed to the site of a thrombus by conjugation to an anti-fibrin monoclonal antibody, resulting in both more potent and more selective thrombolysis.
Clinical and Microbiologic Effects of Subgingivally Delivered 0.5% Azithromycin in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis (2008)

Although both treatment strategies seemed to benefit the patients, the adjunctive use of 0.5% AZM as a controlled drug-delivery system enhanced the clinical and microbiologic results as shown by the intergroup comparison.
NY-ESO-1 tumour associated antigen is a cytoplasmic protein detectable by specific monoclonal antibodies in cell lines and clinical specimens (2000)

NY-ESO-1 gene encodes a novel member of the cancer/testis (CT) family of human tumour-associated antigens (TAA). Specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have identified the corresponding gene product in lysates of tumour cell lines as a 22 kDa protein but no data are available concerning its intracellular location or distribution within neoplastic tissues. We have generated NY-ESO-1 specific mAbs recognizing the target molecule in cytospin preparations and in sections from clinical tumour specimens. These reagents identify NY-ESO-1 TAA in melanoma cell lines expressing the specific gene as a cytoplasmic protein, sharing the intracellular location of most MAGE TAA. In a series of 12 melanoma specimens, specific staining, limited to neoplastic cells, was detectable in the five cases where NY-ESO-1 gene expression was observed. In two of them over 90% of tumour cells showed evidence of positive staining. Lower percentages of positive neoplastic cells ranging between single cells and 50% were observed in the remaining tumours. These data suggest that active specific immunotherapies targeting NY-ESO-1, alone or in combination with other TAA could be of high clinical relevance in sizeable subgroups of melanoma patients.
Nonpharmacologic Therapies for Acute and Chronic Low Back Pain: A Review of the Evidence for an American Pain Society/American College of Physicians Clinical Practice Guideline (2007)

Therapies with good evidence of moderate efficacy for chronic or subacute low back pain are cognitive-behavioral therapy, exercise, spinal manipulation, and interdisciplinary rehabilitation. For acute low back pain, the only therapy with good evidence of efficacy is superficial heat.
Impact of Transdermal Fentanyl on Quality of Life in Rheumatoid Arthritis (2007)

Patients with pain caused by RA improved in terms of pain intensity, sleep, function, and general well-being when transdermal fentanyl was added to the treatment regimen. Treatment satisfaction was high. Transdermal fentanyl also demonstrated good tolerability over a period of 30 days.
Intracellular trafficking of hyaluronic acid-chitosan oligomer-based nanoparticles in cultured human ocular surface cells. (2011)

HA-CSO NPs were internalized by two different ocular surface cell lines by an active transport mechanism. The uptake was mediated by hyaluronan receptors through a caveolin-dependent endocytic pathway, yielding remarkable transfection efficiency. Most of HA-CSO NPs were metabolized within 48 h. This uptake did not compromise cell viability. These findings further support the potential use of HA-CSO NPs to deliver genetic material to the ocular surface.
Loss of Estrogen Inactivation in Colonic Cancer (1999)

Age and sex differences in the incidence of colonic cancer, together with epidemiological data on patients taking hormone replacement therapy, suggest the involvement of estrogens. Analogous to the role of aromatase in breast cancer, we postulated that steroid metabolism within the colon itself may be a crucial mechanism in regulating tissue exposure to estrogens. We have characterized expression of aromatase (responsible for converting C19 androgens to C18 estrogens) and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) [responsible for interconversion of active estradiol (E2) to less potent estrone (E1)] in normal and neoplastic human colon from 24 patients undergoing tumor resection. Aromatase activity was similar in homogenates from normal mucosa, tissue adjacent to tumors, and the tumors themselves. Analysis of 17beta-HSD activity indicated that the predominant activity was oxidative (E2 to E1), and this conversion was significantly lower in colonic tumors [444 (90-1735); median (95% confidence interval) pmol/mg protein x h], compared with normal mucosa [1709 (415-13828), P < 0.001]. Northern blot analyses indicated expression of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for the type 2 and 4 isozymes of 17beta-HSD in normal colon; messenger RNA for 17beta-HSD 4 was significantly lower in tumor tissue [0.75 +/- 0.22 (mean +/- SD) arbitrary U vs. 0.43 +/- 0.17, P < 0.01]. Studies in vitro, using three colonic cancer cell lines, indicated that there was an inverse correlation between 17beta-HSD oxidative activity and the rate of cell proliferation. In addition, E1, but not E2, was shown to significantly decrease proliferation when added exogenously to the colonic epithelial cell line, SW620 cells. Colonic mucosa can regulate estrogen hormone action in an intracrine fashion. The loss of estrogen inactivation may be an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of colonic cancer.
Singlet Exciton Fission Photovoltaics (2013)

Singlet exciton fission, a process that generates two excitons from a single photon, is perhaps the most efficient of the various multiexciton-generation processes studied to date, offering the potential to increase the efficiency of solar devices. But its unique characteristic, splitting a photogenerated singlet exciton into two dark triplet states, means that the empty absorption region between the singlet and triplet excitons must be filled by adding another material that captures low-energy photons. This has required the development of specialized device architectures. In this Account, we review work to develop devices that harness the theoretical benefits of singlet exciton fission. First, we discuss singlet fission in the archetypal material, pentacene. Pentacene-based photovoltaic devices typically show high external and internal quantum efficiencies. They have enabled researchers to characterize fission, including yield and the impact of competing loss processes, within functional devices. We review in situ probes of singlet fission that modulate the photocurrent using a magnetic field. We also summarize studies of the dissociation of triplet excitons into charge at the pentacene-buckyball (C60) donor-acceptor interface. Multiple independent measurements confirm that pentacene triplet excitons can dissociate at the C60 interface despite their relatively low energy. Because triplet excitons produced by singlet fission each have no more than half the energy of the original photoexcitation, they limit the potential open circuit voltage within a solar cell. Thus, if singlet fission is to increase the overall efficiency of a solar cell and not just double the photocurrent at the cost of halving the voltage, it is necessary to also harvest photons in the absorption gap between the singlet and triplet energies of the singlet fission material. We review two device architectures that attempt this using long-wavelength materials: a three-layer structure that uses long- and short-wavelength donors and an acceptor and a simpler, two-layer combination of a singlet-fission donor and a long-wavelength acceptor. An example of the trilayer structure is singlet fission in tetracene with copper phthalocyanine inserted at the C60 interface. The bilayer approach includes pentacene photovoltaic cells with an acceptor of infrared-absorbing lead sulfide or lead selenide nanocrystals. Lead selenide nanocrystals appear to be the most promising acceptors, exhibiting efficient triplet exciton dissociation and high power conversion efficiency. Finally, we review architectures that use singlet fission materials to sensitize other absorbers, thereby effectively converting conventional donor materials to singlet fission dyes. In these devices, photoexcitation occurs in a particular molecule and then energy is transferred to a singlet fission dye where the fission occurs. For example, rubrene inserted between a donor and an acceptor decouples the ability to perform singlet fission from other major photovoltaic properties such as light absorption.
Basics of Dermal Filler Rheology (2015)

Selection of dermal filler with the right rheological properties is a key factor in achieving a natural-looking long-lasting desired aesthetic outcome.
Implement real-time transmission mechanism for VBR Stream under 802.16 wireless networks (2008)

In this paper variable rate control strategies for real-time VBR stream service over IEEE 802.16 broad-band networks are investigated. This is done in the context of real-time streaming using variable bit rate technology. A data rate control mechanism is derived for the case where the downlink channel provides real time polling bandwidth allocation service and remains traffic rate parameter constant. The paper show that the common queuing scheduling algorithms have some fairness bandwidth allocation problems for real time polling on Wimax system (IEEE 802.16) MAC layer. That is said, Wimax system are using VBR real-time polling service resulted to additional access latency jitter and bandwidth allocation disorder for transmitted variable data rate of VBR stream, when the base station regular time interval polling to SSs for contention bandwidth request period. However, This scheduling algorithm opposed to solve SSs contented bandwidth resource problem, depending on real-time polling service (rtPS) quality of service function under ranging response non-contention polling period, as adopted fairness bandwidth allocation max-min algorithm only time constraint condition to transmit real-time multimedia video on 802.16 wireless broadband environment. In addition, for analysis of vedio stream capacity, we utilize NS2 simulation, and show that the rtPS by fairness Max-Min algorithm can support to service more multimedia stream users compared with the others rtPS scheduler algorithms, respectively.
Millimeter-wave radar for vital signs sensing (2009)

In this paper, we will describe the development of a 228 GHz heterodyne radar system as a vital signs sensing monitor that can remotely measure respiration and heart rates from distances of 1 to 50 meters. We will discuss the design of the radar system along with several studies of its performance. The system includes the 228 GHz transmitter and heterodyne receiver that are optically coupled to the same 6 inch optical mirror that is used to illuminate the subject under study. Intermediate Frequency (IF) signal processing allows the system to track the phase of the reflected signal through <i>I</i> and <i>Q</i> detection and phase unwrapping. The system monitors the displacement in real time, allowing various studies of its performance to be made. We will review its successes by comparing the measured rates with a wireless health monitor and also describe the challenges of the system.
Quantitative model for the kinetics of compositional intermixing in GaAs-AlGaAs quantum-confined heterostructures (1998)

A quantitative atomic-scale model for the kinetics of intermixing in GaAs-AlGaAs quantum-confined heterostructures is presented. The model takes into account the statistical nature of the defect diffusion through heterostructures and calculates its effect on the Ga-Al interdiffusion across the associated interfaces. The model has been validated by successfully predicting the observed amounts of bandgap shift induced by the process of hydrogen plasma induced defect layer intermixing, as well as for the process of impurity-free vacancy disordering using SiO/sub 2/ caps. Good agreement between calculated and measured bandgap shifts has been observed. Values of the group-III vacancy diffusion coefficient, where the agreement took place, are between 2 and 3/spl times/exp[-2.72/k/sub B/T] cm/sup 2//spl middot/s/sup -1/.
<title>Visible Embryo Project: a platform for spatial genomics</title> (2000)

Congenital malformations and diseases have challenged the humanistic and intellectual resources of mankind for ages. Generations ofscientists have labored to understand their causes and effect their treatments. Efforts such as the Human Genome Project will produce the raw information base from which many cures and treatments may emerge. In order to begin to put meaning to the mountain ofdata being produced by the Gome Project, one must analyze this information within the context ofthe developing organism. The discipline ofstudy ofthe nature oforganism development has been referred to as embryology for over a century.
Intracellular singlet oxygen generation by phagocytosing neutrophils in response to particles coated with a chemical trap. (1992)

To determine if singlet oxygen (O2(1 delta g)) is produced by neutrophils (PMNs) during the process of phagocytosis, glass beads were coated with a specific chemical trap for O2(1 delta g), 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA). Singlet oxygen, but not other reactive oxygen species, reacts rapidly with DPA at a rate of kr = 1.3 x 10(6) M-1 s-1 to form a stable product, DPA-endoperoxide (Corey, E. J., and Taylor, W. C. (1964) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 86, 3881-3882; Wasserman, H. H., Scheffer, J. R., and Cooper, J. L. (1972) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 94, 4991-4996; Turro, N. J., Chow, M.-F., and Rigaudy, J. (1981) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103, 7218-7224). The production of DPA-endoperoxide was determined by ultraviolet spectroscopy as a decrease in DPA absorbance at 355 nm. The absorbance of DPA was normalized to the absorbance of perylene, which was included in the coating on the beads as a nonreactive, internal standard. In the present study, DPA- and perylene-coated beads were initially allowed to adhere to fibronectin-coated coverslips. PMNs were then added to the bead-coated coverslips and allowed to adhere and phagocytose the beads for 1 h at 37 degrees C. In some experiments, 4B-phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) (1 ng/2.5 x 10(7) cells/ml), a known activator of the PMN NADPH-oxidase, was added as a co-stimulant. The amount of O2(1 delta g) produced by phagocytically stimulated PMNs was calculated to be 11.3 +/- 4.9 nmol of O2(1 delta g)/1.25 x 10(6) cells. Low dose PMA co-stimulation increased the production of O2(1 delta g) to 14.1 +/- 4.1 nmol/1.25 x 10(6) cells. Averaged together these amounts represent approximately 19 +/- 5.0% of the total oxygen consumed by PMNs in response to DPA- and perylene-coated beads. The specificity of the DPA reaction with O2(1 delta g) was confirmed by warming to 120 degrees C, which releases O2(1 delta g) from the DPA-endoperoxide, regenerating the parent DPA compound (Wasserman et al., 1972; Turro et al., 1981) and the absorbance at 355 nm. In addition, beta-carotene, an avid quencher of O2(1 delta g), was included in the coating of some bead preparations; assays in which these beads were used showed no change in the absorbance at 355 nm. Singlet oxygen production by myeloperoxidase was also measured using the coated bead assay and the results suggest that this is a major pathway by which singlet oxygen is generated in phagocytically stimulated PMNs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)