gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbonyl-coupling reactions using low-valent titanium (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbonyl-coupling reactions using low-valent titaniumJohn E. McMurryCite this: Chem. Rev. 1989, 89, 7, 1513–1524Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00097a007https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00097a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views9153Altmetric-Citations952LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Sacral neuromodulation in the treatment of intractable constipation]. (2014)

SNM is a clinically efficacious, minimally invasive and safe new technique, which offers an alternative treatment for the patients with intractable constipation resistant to conservative treatment, especially for the patients refractory to traditional operations.
Kwanzaa: A Holiday of Principles (1995)

As soon as Jonathan Daines learned about Kwanzaa, the seven-day celebration millions of African Americans celebrate each year between December 26 and January 1, he wanted to find ways of bringing it into his classroom. He read every thing he could find about Kwanzaa. At first, he read a couple of books about Kwanzaa to his students. Each succeeding year, he added more and more until he developed a three-week Kwanzaa study. The purpose of this article is to provide back ground information about Kwanzaa, a sample Kwanzaa study and children’s literature and other resources for teachers to use in creating their own Kwanzaa study. m*.
RETRACTED: The BTB Domain of bric à brac Mediates Dimerization In Vitro (1995)

The gene bric à brac (bab) is required for the proper development of the limbs and ovary in Drosophila melanogaster. bab encodes a BTB domain (also called a POZ domain), an approximately 115-amino-acid conserved motif found primarily in the N termini of zinc finger proteins. In this paper, we show that the BTB domain of bab can mediate protein dimerization in vitro. In addition, we demonstrate that the first 51 amino acids of the bab BTB domain are sufficient for dimerization, and we identify amino acids within this region that are required for binding.
A Bayesian interactive optimization approach to procedural animation design (2010)

The computer graphics and animation fields are filled with applications that require the setting of tricky parameters. In many cases, the models are complex and the parameters unintuitive for non-experts. In this paper, we present an optimization method for setting parameters of a procedural fluid animation system by showing the user examples of different parametrized animations and asking for feedback. Our method employs the Bayesian technique of bringing in prior belief based on previous runs of the system and/or expert knowledge, to assist users in finding good parameter settings in as few steps as possible. To do this, we introduce novel extensions to Bayesian optimization, which permit effective learning for parameter-based procedural animation applications. We show that even when users are trying to find a variety of different target animations, the system can learn and improve. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method compared to related active learning methods. We also present a working application for assisting animators in the challenging task of designing curl-based velocity fields, even with minimal domain knowledge other than identifying when a simulation looks right.
Pediatric liver transplantation (2002)

The overall 20-year actuarial survival for pediatric liver transplantation is 64%. Survival has increased by 20% in the last 12 years with tacrolimus-based immunosuppression. Although this improvement may be the result of several factors, retransplantation as a result of acute or chronic rejection has been completely eliminated in patients treated with tacrolimus.
Ionic mechanisms underlying human atrial action potential properties: insights from a mathematical model (1998)

The mechanisms underlying many important properties of the human atrial action potential (AP) are poorly understood. Using specific formulations of the K+, Na+, and Ca2+ currents based on data recorded from human atrial myocytes, along with representations of pump, exchange, and background currents, we developed a mathematical model of the AP. The model AP resembles APs recorded from human atrial samples and responds to rate changes, L-type Ca2+ current blockade, Na+/Ca2+ exchanger inhibition, and variations in transient outward current amplitude in a fashion similar to experimental recordings. Rate-dependent adaptation of AP duration, an important determinant of susceptibility to atrial fibrillation, was attributable to incomplete L-type Ca2+ current recovery from inactivation and incomplete delayed rectifier current deactivation at rapid rates. Experimental observations of variable AP morphology could be accounted for by changes in transient outward current density, as suggested experimentally. We conclude that this mathematical model of the human atrial AP reproduces a variety of observed AP behaviors and provides insights into the mechanisms of clinically important AP properties.
Multimodal Imaging Guided Photothermal Therapy using Functionalized Graphene Nanosheets Anchored with Magnetic Nanoparticles (2012)

In this work, a nanoscale reduced graphene oxide-iron oxide nanoparticle (RGO-IONP) complex is noncovalently functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG), obtaining a RGO-IONP-PEG nanocomposite with excellent physiological stability, strong NIR optical absorbance, and superparamagnetic properties. Using this theranostic nanoprobe, in-vivo triple modal fluorescence, photoacoustic, and magnetic resonance imaging are carried out, uncovering high passive tumor targeting, which is further used for effective photothermal ablation of tumors in mice.
Oblivious decision trees graphs and top down pruning (1995)

We describe a supervised learning algorithm, EODG, that uses mutual information to build an oblivious decision tree. The tree is then converted to an Oblivious read-Once Decision Graph (OODG) by merging nodes at the same level of the tree. For domains that are appropriate for both decision trees and OODGs, performance is approximately the same as that of C4.5, but the number of nodes in the OODG is much smaller. The merging phase that converts the oblivious decision tree to an OODG provides a new way of dealing with the replication problem and a new pruning mechanism that works top down starting from the root. The pruning mechanism is well suited for finding symmetries and aids in recovering from splits on irrelevant features that may happen during the tree construction. 1 Introduction Decision trees provide a hypothesis space for supervised machine learning algorithms that is well suited for many datasets encountered in the real world (Breiman, Friedman, Olshen &amp;amp; Stone 1984, Quinlan...
A deletion mutation in the 5' part of the pol gene of Moloney murine leukemia virus blocks proteolytic processing of the gag and pol polyproteins (1985)

Deletion mutations in the 5' part of the pol gene of Moloney murine leukemia virus were generated by restriction enzyme site-directed mutagenesis of cloned proviral DNA. DNA sequence analysis indicated that one such deletion was localized entirely within the 5' part of the pol gene, did not affect the region encoding reverse transcriptase, and preserved the translational reading frame downstream of the mutation. The major viral precursor polyproteins (Pr65gag, Pr200gag-pol, and gPr80env) were synthesized at wild-type levels in cell lines carrying the mutant genome. These cell lines assembled and released wild-type levels of virion particles into the medium. Cleavage of both Pr65gag and Pr200gag-pol precursors to the mature proteins was completely blocked in the mutant virions. Surprisingly, these virions contained high levels of active reverse transcriptase; examination of the endogenous reverse transcription products synthesized by the mutant virions revealed normal amounts of minus-strand strong-stop DNA, indicating that the RNA genome was packaged and that reverse transcription in detergent-permeabilized virions was not significantly impaired. Processing of gPr80env to gP70env and P15E was not affected by the mutation, but cleavage of P15E to P12E was not observed. The mutant particles were poorly infectious; analysis indicated that infection was blocked at an early stage. The data are consistent with the idea that the 5' part of the pol gene encodes a protease directly responsible for processing Pr65gag, and possibly Pr200gag-pol, to the structural virion proteins. It appears that cleavage of the gag gene product is not required for budding and release of virions and that complete processing of the pol gene product to the mature form of reverse transcriptase is not required for its functional activation.
A neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist decreases postoperative peritoneal adhesion formation and increases peritoneal fibrinolytic activity (2004)

Fibrous adhesions remain a major sequela of abdominal surgery. The proinflammatory peptide substance P (SP), known to participate in inflammatory events, may play a key role in adhesion formation. This hypothesis was tested by using an antagonist, CJ-12,255 (Pfizer), that blocks the binding of SP to the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK-1R). Adhesion formation was surgically induced in the peritoneum of rats receiving daily doses of the NK-1R antagonist (NK-1RA; 5.0 or 10.0 mg/kg per day) or saline. On postoperative day 7, both the low and high doses of NK-1RA significantly (P < 0.05) reduced adhesion formation by 45% and 53%, respectively, compared with controls. Subsequently, the effect of NK-1RA administration on peritoneal fibrinolytic activity was investigated to determine a potential mechanism for SP action in the peritoneum. Samples were collected from nonoperated controls and from animals 24 h postsurgery that were administered either NK-1RA or saline. Fibrinolytic activity in peritoneal fluid was assayed by zymography, and expression of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, both regulators of fibrinolytic activity, was assessed in peritoneal tissue and fluid by RT-PCR and bioassay, respectively. NK-1RA administration led to a marked (P < 0.05) increase in tPA mRNA levels in peritoneal tissue compared with nonoperated and saline-administered animals. Likewise, NK-1RA administration significantly (P < 0.05) increased tPA in the peritoneal fluid. These data suggest that activation of the NK-1R promotes peritoneal adhesion formation by limiting fibrinolytic activity in the postoperative peritoneum, thus enabling fibrinous adhesions to persist.
Should Minnesota Abandon the Per Se Rule against Law Firm Noncompetition Agreements (1997)

Designing ingenious and stable carbon nanostructures is critical but still challenging for use in energy storage devices with superior electrochemistry kinetics, durable capacitive activity, and high rate survivability. To pursue the objective, a simple self-assembly strategy is developed to access carbon superstructures built of nanoparticle embedded plates. The carbon precursors, 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine and 2,6-diaminoanthraquinone can form porous organic polymer with "protic salt"-type rigid skeleton linked by -NH<sub>2</sub> <sup>+</sup> Cl<sup>-</sup> - "rivets", which provides the cornerstone for hydrogen-bonding-guided self-assembly of the organic backbone to superstructures by π-π plane stacking. The ameliorative charge density distribution and decreased adsorption energy in as-fabricated carbon superstructures allow the high accessibility of the build-in protophilic sites and efficient ion diffusion with a low energy barrier. Such superstructures thus deliver ultra-stable charge storage and fast proton-coupled kinetics at the structural-chemical defects, contributing to unprecedented lifespan (1 000 000 cycles), high-rate capability (100 A g<sup>-1</sup> ) for carbon-based supercapacitors, and an ultrahigh energy density (128 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup> ) for Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors. The self-assembled carbon superstructures significantly improve the all-round electrochemical performances, and hold great promise for efficient energy storage.
Cytotoxic synergy between flavopiridol (NSC 649890, L86-8275) and various antineoplastic agents: the importance of sequence of administration. (1997)

Flavopiridol, the first potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor to undergo clinical trials as an antineoplastic agent in the United States, has attracted considerable attention because of its unique cellular targets and its ability to kill noncycling tumor cells in vitro. To better understand how flavopiridol might be used clinically, the present study used colony-forming assays to examine the cytotoxicity resulting from combining flavopiridol with eight other antineoplastic agents in four different administration schedules in A549 human non-small cell lung carcinoma cells in vitro. Cytotoxic synergy, as assessed by the median effect method, resulted when flavopiridol was combined with seven of the eight tested antineoplastic agents but was highly dependent upon administration schedule. Cisplatin was the only agent that resulted in sequence-independent synergy when combined with flavopiridol. For paclitaxel, cytarabine, topotecan, doxorubicin, and etoposide, synergy was more pronounced when the agents were administered before flavopiridol rather than concomitant with or following flavopiridol. Examination suggested that this sequence dependence reflected arrest of cells in G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle during and for 24 h following flavopiridol treatment. Interestingly, 48-72 h after flavopiridol removal, the fraction of surviving cells in S phase increased 2-3-fold relative to untreated controls. Consistent with these results, administration of flavopiridol for 24 h followed 3 days later by exposure to an S phase-active agent (cytarabine or 5-fluorouracil) resulted in a highly synergistic interaction. These results highlight the importance of administration schedule when combining flavopiridol with other agents and provide a starting point for examining the effect of flavopiridol in drug combinations in vivo.
12 Oncogenes and Multistep Carcinogenesis (1989)

I. INTRODUCTION The tumors that arise spontaneously in humans and following chemical treatment of experimental animals are formed by a complex, multistep process. This has long been apparent to pathologists who classify tumors on the basis of invasiveness, loss of differentiated traits, and a host of cytological markers. In a number of instances, it has been apparent that tumors composed of benign, relatively differentiated cells represent precursors to more malignant tumors appearing later in the course of tumorigenesis. Observations of this sort imply a process in which tumor cell populations evolve progressively from cells that deviate only minimally from normalcy toward cells having highly aggressive, invasive behavior (Foulds 1954; Nowell 1976, 1986; Farber 1984). Such change has formal similarities with models in which species change progressively through the processes of Darwinian evolution. According to such thinking, genetic and phenotypic variability in tumor cell populations makes possible the appearance of variants that display phenotypes conferring special growth advantage within a tissue or organism. As such cell clones expand to larger size, they spawn subclones that in turn have acquired yet other novel phenotypes that then drive their own preferential expansion and eventual dominance. Tumor cell populations can thus be seen in constant flux, with new subpopulations continually replacing older ones by virtue of the display of one or another novel, advantageous phenotype. The advantageous traits exhibited by tumor cell subclones might include increased growth rates, decreased dependency on growth factor stimulation, increased tolerance to anoxia, increased ability to evade immunological defenses,...
Alveolar Fluid Clearance Is Impaired in the Majority of Patients with Acute Lung Injury and the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (2001)

Abstract Because experimental studies have shown that intact alveolar epithelial fluid transport function is critical for resolution of pulmonary edema and acute lung injury, we measured net alveolar fluid clearance in 79 patients with acute lung injury or the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Pulmonary edema fluid and plasma were sampled serially in the first 4 hours after intubation. Net alveolar fluid clearance was calculated from sequential edema fluid protein measurements. Mean alveolar fluid clearance was 6%/h. Of the patients, 56% had impaired alveolar fluid clearance (&amp;lt; 3%/h), 32% had submaximal clearance (⩾ 3%/h, &amp;lt; 14%/h), and 13% had maximal clearance (⩾ 14%/h). These findings are contrasted to our recent report of 65 patients with hydrostatic pulmonary edema, in whom mean alveolar fluid clearance was 13%/h; only 25% had impaired clearance whereas 75% had submaximal or maximal clearance (J Appl Physiol 1999;87:1301–1312). Acute lung injury with maximal alveolar fluid clearance were more likely to be female (p = 0.03), and less likely to have sepsis (p = 0.01). Endogenous and exogenous catecholamines did not correlate with alveolar fluid clearance. Patients with maximal alveolar fluid clearance had significantly lower mortality and a shorter duration of mechanical ventilation. In summary, in contrast to hydrostatic pulmonary edema, alveolar fluid clearance in patients with acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome is impaired in the majority of patients, and maximal alveolar fluid clearance is associated with better clinical outcomes.
Waveguide-to-microstrip transition with integrated bias-T (2003)

A novel device, a waveguide-to-microstrip transition with an integrated bias-T, is presented. The substrate-based planar structure comprises a waveguide E-probe, shaped as a radial line. The probe couples the RF field of a full-height waveguide to a microstrip line or directly to an active component, e.g., a transistor or diode in a mixer or direct detector. The radial probe is connected on its wide side to another port via a specially shaped high impedance line that provides RF/DC isolation. This port can then be used to inject DC and/or extract IF signals. The design of the presented structure was done using CAD (3-D EM simulation) and an X-band device was produced and fully characterized. The measured performance is in excellent agreement with the simulations; the device has return loss better than -20 dB, insertion loss less or equal to -0.15 dB and isolation for the bias-T line better than -20 dB. RF bandwidth for the transition is 30% of the central frequency.
Disparate functions of I‐A and I‐E molecules on B cells as evidenced by the inhibition with anti‐I‐A and anti‐I‐E antibodies of polyclonal B cell activation (1989)

Polyclonal differentiation of unprimed B cells into IgM-producing cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or T cell-derived lymphokine B151-TRF2 has been shown to contain a process of I-A-restricted B-B cell interaction, so that the B cell responses are inhibited by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) specific for I-A molecules. On the other hand, the B cell responses are also inhibited by anti-I-E mAb, although I-E molecules are not involved in such B-B cell interaction. In this study, we examined the mechanism underlying the anti-I-E-mediated inhibition of the B cell responses. The B cell responses induced by LPS or B151-TRF2 were inhibited by either anti-I-A or anti-I-E mAb added on day 0 over a 5-day culture period, whereas when added on day 3 the responses were inhibited only by anti-I-E mAb and not by anti-I-A mAb. To gain insight into the mechanism underlying the anti-I-E-mediated inhibition, we prepared monovalent Fab and divalent F(ab')2 fragments of anti-I-A and anti-I-E mAb and examined their effects on the B cell responses. We found that the B cell responses were inhibited by the F(ab')2 but not Fab fragment of anti-I-E mAb, whereas the Fab fragment of anti-I-A mAb still gave effective inhibition. The F(ab')2 but not Fab fragment of anti-I-E mAb induced increases in cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels in B cells, whereas the undigested anti-I-A mAb did not induce such increases. Furthermore, adenylate cyclase inhibitors, which inhibit cellular cAMP accumulation, circumvented the B cell responses inhibited by anti-I-E but not anti-I-A mAb. Thus, these results indicate that the anti-I-E-mediated inhibition of the B cell responses requires increases in intracellular cAMP levels induced by cross-linking of I-E molecules. In contrast, anti-I-A mAb inhibits the B cell responses without cross-linking of I-A molecules and cAMP accumulation. These results reinforce a unique function of I-A molecules as restriction elements in the Ia-restricted B-B cell interaction.
Production of a cloned xylanase in Bacillus cereus and its performance in kraft pulp prebleaching (1993)

Xylanase production from a Bacillus subtilis gene cloned into a strain of Escherichia coli was monitored. Although this gene was expressed in E. coli at several temperatures, efficient xylanase secretion did not occur; the observed protein release apparently depended on cell leakage or lysis. Screening for a better microbial protein secretor free of cellulase selected Bacillus cereus No. 518. A bidirectional vector plasmid (pMK3) was employed to carry the cloned gene into this B. cereus strain. Transformation was carried out by electroporation. Total xylanase production by the new pMK3-borne gene in B. cereus was similar to that from E. coli but the xylanase was shown to be normally secreted. The xylanase gene products from the E. coli and B. cereus hosts were shown to function identically. Both xylanases improved the delignification of unbleached softwood and hardwood kraft pulps, thus reducing the Cl2 required to achieve a given degree of bleaching, without altering the physical properties of the fibers. Using a target kappa number (lignin content) of 5, xylanase pretreatment of aspen kraft (chemical) pulp led to a 22% savings of chlorine. Adsorbable organic halogens in the bleachery effluent were also lowered by more than 50%.