gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Personal & soho archiving (2008)

Digital objects require appropriate measures for digital preservation to ensure that they can be accessed and used in the near and far future. While heritage institutions have been addressing the challenges posed by digital preservation needs for some time, private users and SOHOs (Small Office/Home Office) are less prepared to handle these challenges. Yet, both have increasing amounts of data that represent considerable value, be it office documents or family photographs. Backup, common practice of home users, avoids the physical loss of data, but it does not prevent the loss of the ability to render and use the data in the long term. Research and development in the area of digital preservation is driven by memory institutions and large businesses. The available tools, services and models are developed to meet the demands of these professional settings.
Synthesis of Peptide Isocyanates and Isothiocyanates (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteADDITION / CORRECTIONThis article has been corrected. View the notice.Synthesis of Peptide Isocyanates and IsothiocyanatesJames S. Nowick, Darren L. Holmes, Glenn Noronha, Eric M. Smith, Tram M. Nguyen, and Sheng-Lin HuangView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of CaliforniaIrvine, Irvine, California 92717-2025 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 11, 3929–3934Publication Date (Web):May 31, 1996Publication History Received4 January 1996Published online31 May 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo960038nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo960038nbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2863Altmetric-Citations110LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alkyls,Hydrocarbons,Monomers,Organic compounds,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Antibody to Genome‐Derived Neisserial Antigen 2132, aNeisseria meningitidisCandidate Vaccine, Confers Protection against Bacteremia in the Absence of Complement‐Mediated Bactericidal Activity (2003)

Genome-derived neisserial antigen 2132 (GNA2132) is a novel vaccine candidate that was identified during the Neisseria meningitidis group B strain MC58 genome-sequencing project. To assess the vaccine potential of GNA2132, we prepared antisera from mice immunized with recombinant GNA2132 (gene from strain NZ394/98). Anti-GNA2132 antibody bound to the surface of live bacteria from all 7 capsular group B or C strains tested and elicited deposition of human C3b on the bacterial surface. However, with human or infant-rat complement, anti-GNA2132 had no detectable bactericidal activity (titer, <1:4) against the nominal strain, NZ394/98, and was bactericidal against only 2 of the other 6 strains tested. These differences between strains were unrelated to GNA2132 amino acid sequence or level of protein expression. Despite lack of bactericidal activity, anti-GNA2132 antiserum passively protected infant rats against meningococcal bacteremia after challenge with all 5 resistant strains. GNA2132 is thus a promising vaccine candidate for prevention of disease caused by N. meningitidis.
Development of Class III Antiarrhythmic Agents (1992)

Currently available antiarrhythmic agents that act by lengthening the action potential duration and refractory period exert most of their effect during bradycardia (class IIIB). Unfortunately, when these agents are most needed, i.e., during tachycardia, they lose most of their effect. In my opinion, ideally, antiarrhythmic agents need not change the electrophysiology of the normal sinus beat, but should lengthen refractoriness upon acceleration (class IIIA) of the heart until the refractory period exceeds the cycle length of the tachycardia. Three examples of how such class IIIA effects can be achieved are: (i) an upstroke-dependent activator of inward currents could form a universal class IIIA agent, (ii) a use-dependent blocker of iTO could be a great class IIIA agent in the atria, and (iii) a frequency-dependent blocker of late repolarizing currents (e.g., iKs) could be a good target for a ventricular agent.
An RNA Ligase Essential for RNA Editing and Survival of the Bloodstream Form of Trypanosoma brucei (2001)

RNA editing in trypanosomes occurs by a series of enzymatic steps that are catalyzed by a macromolecular complex. The TbMP52 protein is shown to be a component of this complex, to have RNA ligase activity, and to be one of two adenylatable proteins in the complex. Regulated repression of TbMP52 blocks editing, which shows that it is a functional component of the editing complex. This repression is lethal in bloodforms of the parasite, indicating that editing is essential in the mammalian stage of the life cycle. The editing complex, which is present in all kinetoplastid parasites, may thus be a chemotherapeutic target.
Continuous culture of Pseudomonas fluorescens with sodium maleate as a carbon source (1972)

Abstract Pseudomonas fluorescens (ATCC 11150) was grown in batch and continuous culture in minimal media with sodium maleate as growth‐limiting sole organic carbon source. Growth was followed by turbidity and dry weight measurements. Gross composition of washed cells (relative amounts of protein, lipid, RNA, and DNA) and the distribution of amino acids in protein hydrolyses of the cells were determined for cells grown in continuous culture at various dilution rates. Extracellular concentrations of the original carbon source and a number of metabolites were monitored by a total carbon analysis, ion exchange chromatography, and ultraviolet‐visible scans of cell‐free supernatants and chromatographic fractions, thereof. Substrate inhibition by maleate was a major factor in the growth kinetics of both batch and continuous cultures. Excessive maleate concentration caused instability in continuous cultures. By appropriate operation, much higher specific growth rates (0.305/hr) could ultimately be achieved in continuous culture compared to batch culture (0.174/hr). Adaptation was responsible for only part of the differences between batch and continuous cultures; the differing distribution of metabolites were also major factors.
A systematic review of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of enzyme replacement therapies for Fabry's disease and mucopolysaccharidosis type 1 (2006)

Although ERT for treating the 'average' patient with Fabry's disease exceeds the normal upper threshold for cost-effectiveness seen in NHS policy decisions by over sixfold, and the value for MPS1 is likely to be of a similar order of magnitude, clinicians and the manufacturers argue that, as the disease is classified as an orphan disease under European Union legislation, it has special status, and the NHS has no option but to provide ERT. More information is required before the generalisability of the findings can be determined. Although data from the UK have been used wherever possible, this was very thin indeed. Nonetheless, even large errors in assumptions made will not reduce the ICER to anywhere near the upper level of treatments usually considered cost-effective. In order to overcome limited evidence on the natural history of the disease and the clinical effectiveness of the intervention, the establishment of disease-specific data registries is suggested to facilitate the process of technology assessment and improving patient care. These registries should attempt to include all affected patients in the UK, and collect longitudinal patient level data on clinically relevant problems, interventions received and quality of life in a utility format.
Expression of multidrug resistance-related markers in gastric cancer. (2001)

These MDR markers are differently over-expressed and no coexpression exists in gastric cancer. MGr1-Ag was a novel MDR protein.
The Functional Effect of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Signal Suppression or Neural Noise Generation? (2007)

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a popular tool for mapping perceptual and cognitive processes in the human brain. It uses a magnetic field to stimulate the brain, modifying ongoing activity in neural tissue under the stimulating coil, producing an effect that has been likened to a "virtual lesion." However, research into the functional basis of this effect, essential for the interpretation of findings, lags behind its application. Acutely, TMS may disable neuronal function, thereby interrupting ongoing neural processes. Alternatively, the effects of TMS have been attributed to an injection of "neural noise," consistent with its immediate and effectively random depolarization of neurons. Here we apply an added-noise paradigm to test these alternatives. We delivered TMS to the visual cortex and measured its effect on a simple visual discrimination task, while concurrently manipulating the level of image noise in the visual stimulus itself. TMS increased thresholds overall; and increasing the amount of image noise systematically increased discrimination thresholds. However, these two effects were not independent. Rather, TMS interacted multiplicatively with the image noise, consistent with a reduction in the strength of the visual signal. Indeed, in this paradigm, there was no evidence that TMS independently added noise to the visual process. Thus, our findings indicate that the "virtual lesion" produced by TMS can take the form of a loss of signal strength which may reflect a momentary interruption to ongoing neural processing.
Probing the Cysteine-34 Position of Endogenous Serum Albumin with Thiol-Binding Doxorubicin Derivatives. Improved Efficacy of an Acid-Sensitive Doxorubicin Derivative with Specific Albumin-Binding Properties Compared to That of the Parent Compound (2002)

We have recently proposed a macromolecular prodrug strategy for improved cancer chemotherapy based on two features (Kratz, F.; et al. J. Med. Chem 2000, 43, 1253-1256.): (a) rapid and selective binding of thiol-reactive prodrugs to the cysteine-34 position of endogenous albumin after intravenous administration and (b) release of the albumin-bound drug in the acidic environment at the tumor site due to the incorporation of an acid-sensitive bond between the drug and the carrier. To investigate this therapeutic strategy in greater depth, four (maleinimidoalkanoyl)hydrazone derivatives of doxorubicin were synthesized differing in the length of the aliphatic spacer (1, -(CH(2))(2)-; 2, -(CH(2))(3)-; 3, -(CH(2))(5)-; 4, -(CH(2))(7)-). The albumin-binding doxorubicin prodrugs, especially the (6-maleimidocaproyl)hydrazone derivative of doxorubicin (3), are rapidly and selectively bound to the cysteine-34 position of endogenous albumin. 3 was distinctly superior to the parent compound doxorubicin in three animal tumor models (RENCA, MDA-MB 435, and MCF-7) with respect to antitumor efficacy and toxicity.
Extended multitouch (2012)

Multitouch surfaces are becoming prevalent, but most existing technologies are only capable of detecting the user's actual points of contact on the surface and not the identity, posture, and handedness of the user. In this paper, we define the concept of extended multitouch interaction as a richer input modality that includes all of this information. We further present a practical solution to achieve this on tabletop displays based on mounting a single commodity depth camera above a horizontal surface. This will enable us to not only detect when the surface is being touched, but also recover the user's exact finger and hand posture, as well as distinguish between different users and their handedness. We validate our approach using two user studies, and deploy the technique in a scratchpad tool and in a pen + touch sketch tool.
Real-Time Object-Oriented Database Support For Program Stock Trading (1994)

Many computer systems that automatically control financial applications are required to handle large amounts of data with timing constraints imposed on the data and on the transactions that access the data. Traditional database technology, however, is not designed to manage perishable (timeconstrained) data of financial applications, such as “current” stock prices and trading volumes in index arbitrage transactions. Furthermore, traditional database systems are not capable of scheduling the time-constrained transactions in financial applications, such as transactions that must be performed within time bounds of guaranteed price quotations. This paper presents a schema model of real-time objectoriented database that addresses these weaknesses and shows how this model can support a form of intelligent program stock trading called index arbitrage. This paper also illustrates the use of a protocol called timed atomic commitment, which is an extension of traditional distributed database atomic commitment protocol, to perform index arbitrage transactions using our real-time object-oriented database model.Request access from your librarian to read this article's full text.
ATR Inhibition Broadly Sensitizes Ovarian Cancer Cells to Chemotherapy Independent of BRCA Status (2013)

Replication stress and DNA damage activate the ATR-Chk1 checkpoint signaling pathway that licenses repair and cell survival processes. In this study, we examined the respective roles of the ATR and Chk1 kinases in ovarian cancer cells using genetic and pharmacologic inhibitors in combination with cisplatin, topotecan, gemcitabine, and the PARP inhibitor veliparib (ABT-888), four agents with clinical activity in ovarian cancer. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated depletion or inhibition of ATR sensitized ovarian cancer cells to all four agents. In contrast, while cisplatin, topotecan, and gemcitabine each activated Chk1, RNAi-mediated depletion or inhibition of this kinase in cells sensitized them only to gemcitabine. Unexpectedly, we found that neither the ATR kinase inhibitor VE-821 nor the Chk1 inhibitor MK-8776 blocked ATR-mediated Chk1 phosphorylation or autophosphorylation, two commonly used readouts for inhibition of the ATR-Chk1 pathway. Instead, their ability to sensitize cells correlated with enhanced CDC25A levels. In addition, we also found that VE-821 could further sensitize BRCA1-depleted cells to cisplatin, topotecan, and veliparib beyond the potent sensitization already caused by their deficiency in homologous recombination. Taken together, our results established that ATR and Chk1 inhibitors differentially sensitize ovarian cancer cells to commonly used chemotherapy agents and that Chk1 phosphorylation status may not offer a reliable marker for inhibition of the ATR-Chk1 pathway. A key implication of our work is the clinical rationale it provides to evaluate ATR inhibitors in combination with PARP inhibitors in BRCA1/2-deficient cells.
Vector-mediated delivery of a polyamide ("peptide") nucleic acid analogue through the blood-brain barrier in vivo. (1995)

Polyamide ("peptide") nucleic acids (PNAs) are molecules with antigene and antisense effects that may prove to be effective neuropharmaceuticals if these molecules are enabled to undergo transport through the brain capillary endothelial wall, which makes up the blood-brain barrier in vivo. The model PNA used in the present studies is an 18-mer that is antisense to the rev gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and is biotinylated at the amino terminus and iodinated at a tyrosine residue near the carboxyl terminus. The biotinylated PNA was linked to a conjugate of streptavidin (SA) and the OX26 murine monoclonal antibody to the rat transferrin receptor. The blood-brain barrier is endowed with high transferrin receptor concentrations, enabling the OX26-SA conjugate to deliver the biotinylated PNA to the brain. Although the brain uptake of the free PNA was negligible following intravenous administration, the brain uptake of the PNA was increased at least 28-fold when the PNA was bound to the OX26-SA vector. The brain uptake of the PNA bound to the OX26-SA vector was 0.1% of the injected dose per gram of brain at 60 min after an intravenous injection, approximating the brain uptake of intravenously injected morphine. The PNA bound to the OX26-SA vector retained the ability to bind to synthetic rev mRNA as shown by RNase protection assays. In summary, the present studies show that while the transport of PNAs across the blood-brain barrier is negligible, delivery of these potential neuropharmaceutical drugs to the brain may be achieved by coupling them to vector-mediated peptide-drug delivery systems.
Muscle Specificity Encoded by Specific Serum Response Factor-binding Sites (2001)

Serum response factor (SRF) is a MADS box transcription factor that regulates muscle-specific and growth factor-inducible genes by binding the consensus sequence CC(A/T)6GG, known as a CArG box. Because SRF expression is not restricted solely to muscle, its expression alone cannot account for the muscle specificity of some of its target genes. To understand further the role of SRF in muscle-specific transcription, we created transgenic mice harboring lacZ transgenes linked to tandem copies of different CArG boxes with flanking sequences. CArG boxes from the SM22 and skeletal alpha-actin promoters directed highly restricted expression in developing smooth, cardiac, and skeletal muscle cells during early embryogenesis. In contrast, the CArG box and flanking sequences from the c-fos promoter directed expression throughout the embryo, with no preference for muscle cells. Systematic swapping of the core and flanking sequences of the SM22 and c-fos CArG boxes revealed that cell type specificity was dictated in large part by sequences immediately flanking the CArG box core. Sequences that directed widespread embryonic expression bound SRF more strongly than those that directed muscle-restricted expression. We conclude that sequence variations among CArG boxes influence cell type specificity of expression and account, at least in part, for the ability of SRF to distinguish between growth factor-inducible and muscle-specific genes in vivo.
Phase image contrast mechanism in intermittent contact atomic force microscopy (2010)

A model is presented showing that phase variations in intermittent contact atomic force microscopy (IC-AFM) (tapping mode) result from variations in both conservative and dissipative forces. It is shown that when operating with constant cantilever oscillation amplitude, however, conservative forces drive the phase contrast. The equations of cantilever tip-sample surface contact are solved analytically for constant amplitude IC-AFM operation. Solutions are obtained for the tip-sample contact time, maximum sample indentation depth, and phase shift in the cantilever oscillations. The model equations are applied to the calculation of the phase contrast, defined as the difference in phase shift between two points in the image, for a diamond-graphite nanocomposite sample having a heterogeneous variation in graphite porosity ranging from approximately 30 vol % to roughly 60 vol %. The phase contrast predicted from the model equations, using only conservative forces in the model, is calculated to be approximately 69° for 30 vol % porosity and roughly 79° for 60% porosity. The model predictions are in very good agreement with the measured range of values from 69.4° to 78.5° obtained from a IC-AFM phase image of the sample.
2.5-inch disk patterned media prepared by an artificially assisted self-assembling method (2002)

Circumferential magnetic patterned media were prepared on a 2.5-inch-diameter glass plate and on a 3-in-diameter silicon plate. A Ni master disk possessing spiral patterns with 60-250-nm-width lands and a 400-nm-width groove was pressed into a resist film on a CoPt or CoCrPt film to transfer the spiral patterns. A diblock copolymer solution was cast into the obtained grooves and then annealed to prepare self-assembling dot structures aligned along the grooves. According to the dot patterns, the underlying magnetic films were patterned by ion milling to yield patterned media with a 40-nm diameter. Coercive forces and squareness ratios of the patterned media increased compared to those of the continuous media, probably due to the decrement of a demagnetizing field. Single magnetic domains with an almost perpendicular orientation were confirmed in each magnetic dot.
First-order sidebands in circuit QED using qubit frequency modulation (2012)

Sideband transitions have been shown to generate controllable interaction between superconducting qubits and microwave resonators. Up to now, these transitions have been implemented with voltage drives on the qubit or the resonator, with the significant disadvantage that such implementations only lead to second-order sideband transitions. Here we propose an approach to achieve first-order sideband transitions by relying on controlled oscillations of the qubit frequency using a flux-bias line. Not only can first-order transitions be significantly faster, but the same technique can be employed to implement other tunable qubit-resonator and qubit-qubit interactions. We discuss in detail how such first-order sideband transitions can be used to implement a high fidelity controlled-not operation between two transmons coupled to the same resonator.
A new system architecture improves output power regulation in electrosurgical generators (2011)

A new system architecture for electrosurgical generators inherently produces the ideal electrosurgical output characteristic with near-deadbeat control. Compared to existing technology, this converter significantly improves power regulation, leading to improved surgical outcomes by minimizing thermal spread and tissue charring.
Maintenance and differentiation of neural stem cells (2010)

The adult mammalian brain contains self-renewable, multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs) that are responsible for neurogenesis and plasticity in specific regions of the adult brain. Extracellular matrix, vasculature, glial cells, and other neurons are components of the niche where NSCs are located. This surrounding environment is the source of extrinsic signals that instruct NSCs to either self-renew or differentiate. Additionally, factors such as the intracellular epigenetics state and retrotransposition events can influence the decision of NSC's fate into neurons or glia. Extrinsic and intrinsic factors form an intricate signaling network, which is not completely understood. These factors altogether reflect a few of the key players characterized so far in the new field of NSC research and are covered in this review.
Solution-Phase Synthesis of a Library of 3,5,7-Trisubstituted 3H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines (2003)

An efficient solution-phase parallel synthesis of a library of 3,5,7-trisubstituted [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines is described. Monosubstituted amidines may be converted to 2-substituted 5-amino-4,6-dihydroxypyrimidines in four steps. Treatment with a primary amine followed by cyclization yields the 7-chloro-3,5-disubstituted [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines as penultimate intermediates. Final nucleophilic substitution of the 7-chloro group with an excess of a primary or secondary amine, a hydrazine or a O-alkylhydroxylamine proceeds efficiently. Scavenging of the excess amine with a resin-bound isocyanate in the presence of resin-bound piperidine as a base affords the desired 3,5,7-trisubstituted [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines in good yields and purities.