gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A BAW-enabled low-power 5X frequency multiplier (2009)

We present a low power Film Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonator (FBAR) enabled multiply-by-5 circuit. We compare its performance to a Q-enhanced LC tank-based multiplier for power, phase noise and carrier-to-spur ratio performance. The FBAR-based frequency multiplier (FM) provides 3 dB and 14.5 dB of phase noise filtering at 1 MHz and 10 MHz offsets, respectively, compared to an LC-based frequency multiplier. Due to its sharp roll-off, it improves spurious suppression by 14.5 dB. We implemented a prototype in 0.13 ¿m RF-CMOS process containing a multiply-by-5 and a differential ring oscillator. Each circuit consumes 700 ¿W while providing a 2 GHz output tone. The FBAR based FM provides a phase noise of -91.5 and -124.5 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz and 10 MHz offsets respectively while the phase noise for the LC tank based FM is -86.5 and -108.5 dBc/Hz.
Advances in direct methods for protein crystallography (1999)

Recent advances in ab initio direct methods have enabled the solution of crystal structures of small proteins from native X-ray data alone, that is, without the use of fragments of known structure or the need to prepare heavy-atom or selenomethionine derivatives, provided that the data are available to atomic resolution. These methods are also proving to be useful for locating the selenium atoms or other anomalous scatterers in the multiple wavelength anomalous diffraction phasing of larger proteins at lower resolution.
PPP2R1A mutation is a rare event in ovarian carcinoma across histological subtypes. (2013)

Somatic mutations in PPP2R1A, which encodes a scaffolding subunit of serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), have recently been described in different types of gynecological neoplasias. To extend this observation, we examined the frequency of PPP2R1A mutation in some major histological subtypes of type I and type II ovarian carcinoma. Mutational analysis of PPP2R1A (exons 5 and 6) was performed on 88 primary ovarian carcinomas, including mucinous, clear cell, high-grade serous, and high-grade endometrioid ovarian carcinoma. In addition, exons 9 and 20 of Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PIK3CA), exon 1 of v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), and exon 15 of v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) were sequenced and compared across the different histological subtypes. Finally, survival analysis was performed to determine any prognostic significance of these mutations. Mutations in PPP2R1A were rare: detected in 4.5% (1/22) of clear cell, 4.5% (1/22) of high-grade serous, and 6.7% (1/15) of high-grade endometrioid ovarian carcinoma. Interestingly, no PPP2R1A mutations were observed in mucinous ovarian carcinoma. A higher frequency of PIK3CA mutations (50%, 11/22) was found in clear cell carcinoma and a higher frequency of KRAS mutations (24.1%, 7/29) was observed in mucinous carcinoma. In addition, high-grade endometrioid ovarian carcinoma exhibited KRAS and PIK3CA mutations in 26.7% (4/15) and 20% (3/15) of cases, respectively. Survival analysis showed no significant association between mutational status and overall survival of patients. This study indicates that the PPP2R1A mutation occurs at a lower frequency compared to other gynecological malignancies, irrespective of the histological subtype.
Roll Bonding and the Application in Making FeCrAl Alloy (2005)

Fe-21Cr-6Al-0.03(Ce+La) alloy has been made by an innovative method of roll bonding and diffusion alloying for catalytic converter metal foil substrate used for exhaust emission control. During the processes, roll bonding is applied to make a sandwiched Al/Fe22Cr/Al composite material from aluminum and Fe22Cr alloy. Conversion from the composite to the FeCrAl alloy can be accomplished by in-situ diffusion alloying during a thermal process of the converter fabrication.
Quantitative Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Taurine in Protecting the Ocular Surface against Oxident. (1993)

Quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of taurine against ocular surface damage caused by hypochlorous acid (HOCl) was investigated using albino rabbits. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released from ocular tissues into meniscus tears at eye irritation was used as an index of ocular surface damage. Instead of collecting meniscus tears directly with a glass micropipette, a new sampling method, where 150 microliters of saline was instilled into the cul-de-sac of rabbit eyes and collected all of the diluted tears within 10 s, was developed. The LDH activity after serial instillations of HOCl increased dose-dependently with increasing HOCl concentration. After serial instillation of taurine, HOCl was instilled in the same way. Pre-application of taurine effectively suppressed (p < 0.01, n = 11) the HOCl-induced LDH release as compared to saline, suggesting that the residual taurine in ocular surface tissues was still effective in protecting the tissues against HOCl by scavenging HOCl. LDH activity at 30 in after post-application of taurine was significantly lower (p < 0.01, n = 10) than that in the case of saline. This result indicates that taurine is effective in protecting the ocular surface after it has been attacked by HOCl. LDH activity in meniscus tears became a good index of quantitatively estimating ocular surface damage due to HOCl by devising the new sampling method. By using this method, we were able to prove objectively and quantitatively that taurine is effective in protecting the ocular surface against HOCl. It was suggested that taurine is clinically useful in the treatment of ocular surface damage caused by oxidants, such as HOCl.
Differentiation of HL-60 Cells into Cells with the Osteoclast Phenotype* (1991)

The osteoclast is the unique multinucleated cell that is responsible for bone degradation in both physiological and pathological circumstances. However, knowledge of the lineage of this inaccessible cell, the nature of its precursors, and the regulation of its formation and activation is limited and controversial. Here we show that the human promyelocytic cell line HL-60 has the potential, under the appropriate culture conditions, to differentiate into cells that have morphological and functional characteristics of osteoclasts, including multinucleation, presence of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity, cross-reactivity with monoclonal antibodies that preferentially recognize osteoclasts, and capacity to resorb bone and respond to calcitonin. The multinucleated cells also contain high affinity receptors to calcitonin, in contrast to wild-type undifferentiated HL-60 cells. These data suggest that osteoclasts share a common precursor with hematopoietic cells. These undifferentiated and differentiated HL-60 cells should provide a unique model for study of the cell biology of human osteoclast differentiation, allowing molecular biological and biochemical studies heretofore not possible.
Stability of the Disulfide Bond in an Avidin-Biotin Linked Chimeric Peptide During in vivo Transcytosis Through Brain Endothelial Cells (2000)

Drug delivery of potential neuropharmaceuticals with poor intrinsic permeability through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), such as peptides, is facilitated by coupling to a vector that undergoes receptor-mediated transcytosis through the endothelial cells of brain microvessels. When cleavable disulfide linkers are used in the synthesis of such "chimeric peptides", it is crucial that the S-S-bridge is stable during transcytosis. Cleavage within endothelial cells could result in sequestration of the drug moiety instead of passage through the BBB. In the present study the metabolically stable opioid peptide [3 H]DALDA ([3 H]Tyr-DArg-Phe-Lys-NH2 ) was used as a model drug. It was monobiotinylated with the cleavable biotin reagent sulfosuccinimidyl 2-(biotinamido)ethyl-1,3'-dithiopropionate (NHS-SS-biotin) to obtain bio-[3 H]DALDA. The biotinylated peptide was then bound to a vector for brain delivery after intravenous injection in rats, a covalent conjugate of streptavidin and the transferrin receptor monoclonal antibody, OX26. Compared to peptide without vector, brain uptake of bio-[3 H]DALDA after was increased 18-fold to reach 0.12% of the injected dose per g tissue. Transcranial microdialysis was performed for 60 min after an intravenous bolus of chimeric peptide, followed by reverse phase HPLC of dialysate. Stability of the chimeric peptide during transport through the BBB into brain extracellular fluid was concluded from the absence of a peptide peak generated by disulfide cleavage.
Cytotoxic capacity of hepatitis C virus (HCV)–specific lymphocytes after in vitro immunization with HCV‐derived lipopeptides (2005)

Our data confirm at the functional level that HCV lipopeptides induce antigen-specific T lymphocytes that produce IFN-gamma but exert significant cytotoxicity in only a minority of experiments, probably because expression of cytolytic effector molecules is not enhanced in their granules.
MULTIPLE ANTIGEN IMMUNIZATION OF INFANTS AGAINST POLIOMYELITIS, DIPHTHERIA, PERTUSSIS, AND TETANUS (1962)

This study was designed to determine the earliest age in infancy at which immunization against poliomyelitis, diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis can be started using a multiple antigen containing component antigens against all four diseases. Subjects ranged in age from 1 day old through 6 months old at time of initial injection. All were given a series of four injections of 0.5 ml of DPT-polio antigen 4 weeks apart followed by a fifth dose (0.5 ml) of the same material 6 months later. A control group received 0.5 ml of a DPT antigen at monthly intervals for their first four doses, but were given a DPT-polio injection (0.5 ml) for their fifth dose. Although it is evident that there is a progressive response in relation to age of the infant at time of initial inoculation, in respect to poliomyelitis and pertussis immunization, it was apparent that the capacity of the 3-month-old infant to respond to active immunization closely approximates that of the 6-month-old. Ninety per cent showed definite evidence of an immune response to all three poliovirus types despite extremely high levels of preprimary maternal antibody in the majority of 3-month-old infants under study. Pertussis antibody response, as measured by agglutinin titers, was as good in the 3-month-old as in the 6-month-old infants. The response in the 2-month-old infants was relatively poor at the postprimary stage but was equivalent to that of the older infants at the postbooster interval. There was no indication that response to pertussis immunization was impaired by the inclusion of pertussis antigen in the quadrivalent antigen under study. Diphtheria and tetanus antitoxin titers were excellent regardless of age at initial inoculation. The results indicate that four doses of DPT-polio combined antigen given at monthly intervals will overcome the interference of high levels of maternal antibody in respect to poliomyelitis immunization and that the primary series of injections may be started as early as the third month of life. It is important, however, that this primary series of inoculations be followed by a booster dose of the same antigen preparation in about 6 months in order to reinforce the basic immunity.
The Efficacy of Various Irrigation Solutions in Removing Slime-Producing Staphylococcus (1994)

To determine which type of irrigation solution and which method of irrigation most effectively removes slime-producing Staphylococcus from implant surfaces, we performed experimental washings of bacteria-coated stainless steel screws with various solutions delivered by bulb syringe or by jet lavage. The quantity of bacteria remaining on the screw surface was determined after irrigation with 1 L of saline, 1 L of antibiotic solutions, or 1 L of saline containing a liquid soap. Antibiotic solutions tested included bacitracin, neomycin, and polymyxin/neomycin. We found that the use of power irrigation increased the removal of bacteria by a factor of at least 100 over bulb syringe irrigation of the same volume, no matter which solution was used. This effect ranged from a 100-fold improvement for neomycin, to a 285-fold effect for the polymyxin solution. The addition of antibiotic drugs to the irrigation solution had no significant effect on bacterial removal, and none of the antibiotic solutions were statistically different from saline alone in the amount of bacteria removed from the screws. The addition of a liquid soap solution dramatically increased the amount of bacteria removed by irrigation, reducing the residual bacteria per screw from a colony count of 3.5 x 10(4) for polymyxin (the best of the antibiotic solutions), to 4.38 x 10(3). This difference was statistically significant as judged by Student's t test, with p = 0.01. We have concluded that the use of power irrigation improves the ability to clean this pathogenic bacteria from metallic surfaces, and that the addition of antibiotic drugs to the irrigation solution does not.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Preparation, Characterization, and Application of Polyacrylamide‐Polystyrene/Bentonite Nanocomposite as an Effective Immobilizing Adsorbent for Remediation of Soil (2020)

Abstract Heavy metals are among the most important environmental pollutants. However, little attention has been devoted to immobilizing or fixing metal ions in soil for remediation of soil. Here, a novel and inexpensive, polymer nanocomposite (polyacrylamide‐polystyrene/bentonite) is introduced for successful immobilization of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) cations in the soil. The synthesized nanocomposite structure was characterized by X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy‐Dispersive X‐Ray Spectroscopy (FE‐SEM/EDX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET), and Fourier‐Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR). Various effective parameters such as pH, bentonite: polyacrylamide weight ratio, heavy metal concentration, and amount of adsorbent were investigated for fixing Pb and Cd cations in farm soil. Also, adsorption isotherms and kinetics of adsorption were investigated. Finally, under optimum conditions, the extent of adsorption of Pb and Cd cations by polyacrylamide‐polystyrene/bentonite nanocomposite, polyacrylamide, and bentonite was compared. The results revealed the superior adsorption activity of the nanocomposite for immobilizing heavy metal cations as compared to bentonite or polymer. Further, the nanocomposite indicated a reasonable reusability for fixing Cd and Pb cations. Overall, the prepared nanocomposite can be applied as a suitable and industrial adsorbent for immobilizing Pb and Cd cations in soil.
Cooperative Constrained Control of Distributed Agents With Nonlinear Dynamics and Delayed Information Exchange: A Stabilizing Receding-Horizon Approach (2008)

This paper addresses the problem of cooperative control of a team of distributed agents with decoupled nonlinear discrete-time dynamics, which operate in a common environment and exchange-delayed information between them. Each agent is assumed to evolve in discrete-time, based on locally computed control laws, which are computed by exchanging delayed state information with a subset of neighboring agents. The cooperative control problem is formulated in a receding-horizon framework, where the control laws depend on the local state variables (feedback action) and on delayed information gathered from cooperating neighboring agents (feedforward action). A rigorous stability analysis exploiting the input-to-state stability properties of the receding-horizon local control laws is carried out. The stability of the team of agents is then proved by utilizing small-gain theorem results.
Flight Testing of a Pseudolite Navigation System on a UAV (2007)

Due to an increasing reliance on navigation as an assumed infrastructure in many systems, there is an increasing need to develop non-GNSS based navigation systems that work in situations where GNSS systems are not available. One good example is a flight reference system, which is used to test navigation systems in a variety of environments. If a flight reference system’s accuracy is fundamentally dependent on precision DGPS (as is often the case), then that system will not be appropriate for conducting testing in GPS-denied environments. One promising approach to solve this problem is the use of non-GNSS navigation beacons (sometimes referred to as pseudolites). This paper describes flight testing of a new pseudolite navigation system built by Locata that operates in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. Up to now, the Locata system has been used almost exclusively on the ground, where it has demonstrated positioning accuracy at the 3-5 cm level compared to kinematic carrier-phase DGPS. This paper describes a series of UAV flight tests of the Locata system conducted at the Advanced Navigation Technology (ANT) center at the Air Force Institute of Technology. Previous research has developed methods to characterize geometry effects for pseudolite applications as well as methods, such as primary component analysis, that can be used to mitigate situations where there is poor measurement geometry. The flight test is described in detail, including the hardware configuration of the ANT Center UAV, which simultaneously flew a Locata receiver, a NovAtel GPS receiver, and a radio datalink system. The results indicate that there is strong agreement between the GPS and Locata solutions when there is good measurement geometry for Locata.
Direct Intracranial Injection of AAVrh8 Encoding Monkey β-N-Acetylhexosaminidase Causes Neurotoxicity in the Primate Brain (2017)

GM2 gangliosidoses, including Tay-Sachs disease and Sandhoff disease, are lysosomal storage disorders caused by deficiencies in β-N-acetylhexosaminidase (Hex). Patients are afflicted primarily with progressive central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. Studies in mice, cats, and sheep have indicated safety and widespread distribution of Hex in the CNS after intracranial vector infusion of AAVrh8 vectors encoding species-specific Hex α- or β-subunits at a 1:1 ratio. Here, a safety study was conducted in cynomolgus macaques (cm), modeling previous animal studies, with bilateral infusion in the thalamus as well as in left lateral ventricle of AAVrh8 vectors encoding cm Hex α- and β-subunits. Three doses (3.2 × 10<sup>12</sup> vg [n = 3]; 3.2 × 10<sup>11</sup> vg [n = 2]; or 1.1 × 10<sup>11</sup> vg [n = 2]) were tested, with controls infused with vehicle (n = 1) or transgene empty AAVrh8 vector at the highest dose (n = 2). Most monkeys receiving AAVrh8-cmHexα/β developed dyskinesias, ataxia, and loss of dexterity, with higher dose animals eventually becoming apathetic. Time to onset of symptoms was dose dependent, with the highest-dose cohort producing symptoms within a month of infusion. One monkey in the lowest-dose cohort was behaviorally asymptomatic but had magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in the thalami. Histopathology was similar in all monkeys injected with AAVrh8-cmHexα/β, showing severe white and gray matter necrosis along the injection track, reactive vasculature, and the presence of neurons with granular eosinophilic material. Lesions were minimal to absent in both control cohorts. Despite cellular loss, a dramatic increase in Hex activity was measured in the thalamus, and none of the animals presented with antibody titers against Hex. The high overexpression of Hex protein is likely to blame for this negative outcome, and this study demonstrates the variations in safety profiles of AAVrh8-Hexα/β intracranial injection among different species, despite encoding for self-proteins.
Secreted Clusterin in Colon Tumor Cell Models and Its Potentialas Diagnostic Marker for Colorectal Cancer (2012)

We studied the specific changes of the secreted protein clusterin and its cytoplasmic precursor regarding colorectal tumorigenesis, using in vitro differentiation of Caco-2 cells. In tumor-like stage, we observed an overexpression of both precursor and secreted clusterin, corroborated in the cell line SW-480. Noticeably, SW-620 cells (from a tumoral node, thus with metastatic capacity) did not show overexpression of either precursor or secreted clusterin, suggesting a downregulation related to local metastasis. We further investigated clusterin in serum, finding a significant increase in colorectal cancer patients, with 81% sensitivity, 79% specificity, and an area under the ROC curve of 0.85.
Isolation of Dendritic Cells (1998)

This unit presents two methods for preparing dendritic cells (DCs), a highly specialized type of antigen-presenting cell (APC). The first method involves the isolation of DCs from mouse spleen, resulting in a cell population that is highly enriched in accessory cell and APC function. A support protocol for collagenase digestion of splenocyte suspensions is described to increase the yield of dendritic cells. The second method involves generating large numbers of DCs from mouse bone marrow progenitor cells. In that technique, bone marrow cells are cultured in the presence of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to yield 5-10 10(6) cells, 60% of which express DC surface markers (e.g., B-7-2/CD86). Additional techniques for isolating DCs from mouse spleens or other mouse tissues, as well as from human tissues, are also discussed.
Comparative Efficacy of Neuraminidase-Specific and Conventional Influenza Virus Vaccines in Induction of Antibody to Neuraminidase in Humans (1976)

Groups of college students received either conventional A/England/42/72 (H3N2) vaccine (X-37), an antigenic hybrid (Heq1N2) vaccine (X-38) containing the same neuraminidase (and thus effectively neuraminidase-monospecific), or a placebo injection. The vaccines contained 798 and 643 chick cell-agglutinating units per dose, respectively, and equivalent immunogenic units of N2 as defined in antigenic extinction tests in rabbits. All subjects had antibody to N2 before immunization, and mean initial titers were comparable in both vaccine groups. Homotypic hemagglutination-inhibition response to vaccine hemagglutinin was slightly more frequent (77%) but of lower magnitude in the students vaccinated with X-38 than in those vaccinated with X-37. Significant antibody response to N2 was observed in 25% of those vaccinated with X-37 and in 69% of those vaccinated with X-38. Mean antibody response to N2 was twofold greater in those vaccinated with X-38. Heterotypic hemagglutination-inhibition was seen in 56% of those receiving X-38 vaccine. In preliminary plaque-inhibition titrations this heterotypic antibody did not have neuralizing activity. Testing of antibody response to N2 with earlier neuraminidase antigens demonstrated "original antigenic sin" from earlier priming. The superiority of the "neuraminidase-specific" X-38 (Heq1N2) vaccine as an immunogen for antibody to neuraminidase may reflect different processing of N2 when it is associated with a hemagglutinin to which the study population has not been previously exposed.
Comparison of 90Y-Ibritumomab Tiuxetan and 131I-Tositumomab in Clinical Practice (2007)

Both (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan and (131)I-tositumomab were well tolerated. We observed response rates at the lower range of those reported in the literature, possibly because of referral bias, dose attenuation, and reasonably liberal acceptance criteria for a patient to receive therapy. Initial response assessments 12 wk after radioimmunotherapy predict longer-term response. (131)I-tositumomab caused significantly less severe declines in platelet counts than did (90)Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan and may be a more appropriate choice for patients with limited bone marrow reserve, but large, randomized, prospective trials are needed to better compare the performance of these 2 treatments.