gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A preference study: calcium acetate tablets versus gelcaps in hemodialysis patients. (2002)

End stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are frequently noncompliant with phosphate binder therapy. This noncompliance may lead to uncontrolled hyperphosphatemia, resulting in an increased risk of mortality via the development of serious comorbid conditions. A new gelcap form of calcium acetate has been introduced for control of hyperphosphatemia. This single center, unblinded study compared calcium acetate tablets versus calcium acetate gelcaps with regards to patient preference and ease of swallowing. Twenty-two patients were randomized to receive 1 day of treatment with calcium acetate tablets, followed by 1 day of treatment with calcium acetate gelcaps, or vice versa. Following completion of the treatment period, the patients were given a questionnaire to complete that asked them to compare their experience with both treatments. Twenty patients completed the study. Eighteen patients preferred the gelcap to the tablet in all preference categories. The same 18 patients responded that the gelcap was easier to swallow than the tablet. Because of the evidence documenting the noncompliant behavior of ESRD patients with respect to their binder therapy, efforts made to give the patients a more satisfying alternative can aid in improving compliance.
Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase as a hematopoietic cell marker (1979)

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) is an intracellular protein characteristic of certain primitive lymphocytes in normal thymus and bone marrow. It can be detected by enzyme assay or immunocytochemical staining. High levels of enzyme and increased numbers of TdT+ cells are found in some lymphoblastic leukemias and lymphomas. Analysis for TdT thus provides a useful adjunct in the differential diagnosis of leukemia.
Yersinia pestis and plague: an updated view on evolution, virulence determinants, immune subversion, vaccination, and diagnostics (2019)

Plague is a vector-borne disease caused by Yersinia pestis. Transmitted by fleas from rodent reservoirs, Y. pestis emerged <6000 years ago from an enteric bacterial ancestor through events of gene gain and genome reduction. It is a highly remarkable model for the understanding of pathogenic bacteria evolution, and a major concern for public health as highlighted by recent human outbreaks. A complex set of virulence determinants, including the Yersinia outer-membrane proteins (Yops), the broad-range protease Pla, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and iron capture systems play critical roles in the molecular strategies that Y. pestis employs to subvert the human immune system, allowing unrestricted bacterial replication in lymph nodes (bubonic plague) and in lungs (pneumonic plague). Some of these immunogenic proteins as well as the capsular antigen F1 are exploited for diagnostic purposes, which are critical in the context of the rapid onset of death in the absence of antibiotic treatment (less than a week for bubonic plague and <48 h for pneumonic plague). Here, we review recent research advances on Y. pestis evolution, virulence factor function, bacterial strategies to subvert mammalian innate immune responses, vaccination, and problems associated with pneumonic plague diagnosis.
Safer Therapies for Newborns Probed (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The role of lung cancer nurse specialists (2013)

John White assesses the pivotal part experts play in supporting patients from diagnosis to follow up and survivorship, providing them with information and acting as co-ordinators between individuals and multidisciplinary team members
The Tautomerase Active Site of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Is a Potential Target for Discovery of Novel Anti-inflammatory Agents (2002)

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an immunoregulatory protein that is a potential therapeutic target for a number of inflammatory diseases. Evidence exists that an unexpected catalytic active site of MIF may have a biological function. To gain further insight into the role of the catalytic active site, a series of mutational, structural, and biological activity studies were performed. The insertion of an alanine between Pro-1 and Met-2 (PAM) abolishes a non-physiological catalytic activity, and this mutant is defective in the in vitro glucocorticoid counter-regulatory activity of MIF. The crystal structure of MIF complexed to (S,R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazole acetic acid methyl ester (ISO-1), an inhibitor of MIF d-dopachrome tautomerase activity, reveals that ISO-1 binds to the same position of the active site as p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid, a substrate of MIF. ISO-1 inhibits several MIF biological activities, further establishing a role for the catalytic active site of MIF.
survivin messenger RNA expression is a good prognostic biomarker for oesophageal carcinoma (2002)

Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most malignant tumours. To identify patients with a high risk of recurrence of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, we investigated the prognostic significance of survivin mRNA expression in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, which has recently been reported to be a good marker for unfavourable prognosis in various tumours. Tumours and non-cancerous epitheliums adjacent to tumours were obtained by surgical resection from 57 patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Expression levels of survivin and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA were analysed quantitatively by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The survivin/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ratios of tumours were higher than those of non-cancerous tissues (P=0.0003). Tumour-survivin/glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ratio did not correlate with histologic type, lymph node metastasis, and stage of tumours. In 53 surviving patients, the 5-year survival rate of 17 patients with high survivin mRNA expressed oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (14.1%) was significantly poorer than that of 36 with low survivin mRNA expressed oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (46.8%, P=0.0018). In these patients, tumour-survivin mRNA expression was recognised as a good marker of cancer recurrence independently from tumour stage. These findings indicate that survivin mRNA expression in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma may be a good biomarker for identifying patients with high risk of cancer recurrence.
The Therapeutic Potential for PI3K Inhibitors in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

The class 1 PI3Ks are lipid kinases with key roles in cell surface receptor-triggered signal transduction pathways. Two isoforms of the catalytic subunits, p110γ and p110δ, are enriched in leucocytes in which they promote activation, cellular growth, proliferation, differentiation and survival through the generation of the second messenger PIP3. Genetic inactivation or pharmaceutical inhibition of these PI3K isoforms in mice result in impaired immune responses and reduced susceptibility to autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. We review the PI3K signal transduction pathways and the effects of inhibition of p110γ and/or p110δ on innate and adaptive immunity. Focusing on rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus we discuss the preclinical evidence and prospects for small molecule inhibitors of p110γ and/or p110δ in autoimmune disease.
Effects of yohimbine on submaxillary salivation in dogs (1989)

1. The effects of yohimbine (0.5 mg kg-1 i.v.) on both resting and parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation-induced submaxillary salivary responses were investigated in the anaesthetized dog. 2. Salivary secretion was increased significantly for a period of 45 min following an injection of yohimbine. 3. Sectioning of the chorda tympani (but not the cervical sympathetic) nerve abolished the yohimbine-induced increase in resting salivary secretion and potentiated that elicited by electrical stimulation of the chorda tympani nerve. 4. These results show that yohimbine increases submaxillary secretion by inhibition of presynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors located on the chorda tympani, which inhibit cholinergic transmission.
Overexpression of CXCR4 on human CD34+ progenitors increases their proliferation, migration, and NOD/SCID repopulation (2003)

A major limitation to clinical stem cell-mediated gene therapy protocols is the low levels of engraftment by transduced progenitors. We report that CXCR4 overexpression on human CD34+ progenitors using a lentiviral gene transfer technique helped navigate these cells to the murine bone marrow and spleen in response to stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) signaling. Cells overexpressing CXCR4 exhibited significant increases in SDF-1-mediated chemotaxis and actin polymerization compared with control cells. A major advantage of CXCR4 overexpression was demonstrated by the ability of transduced CD34+ cells to respond to lower, physiologic levels of SDF-1 when compared to control cells, leading to improved SDF-1-induced migration and proliferation/survival, and finally resulting in significantly higher levels of in vivo repopulation of nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice including primitive CD34+/CD38(-/low) cells. Importantly, no cellular transformation was observed following transduction with the CXCR4 vector. Unexpectedly, we documented lack of receptor internalization in response to high levels of SDF-1, which can also contribute to increased migration and proliferation by the transduced CD34+ cells. Our results suggest CXCR4 overexpression for improved definitive human stem cell motility, retention, and multilineage repopulation, which could be beneficial for in vivo navigation and expansion of hematopoietic progenitors.
Molecular Analysis of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Breakpoint Cluster Region on Chromosome 17 (1990)

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL; FAB M3) is characterized by a predominance of malignant promyelocytes that carry a reciprocal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 15 and 17, t(15;17) (q22;q11.2-q12). This translocation has become diagnostic for APL, as it is present in almost 100 percent of cases. A Not I linking clone was used to detect this translocation initially on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and subsequently with conventional Southern (DNA) analysis. The breakpoints in ten APL cases examined were shown to cluster in a 12-kb region of chromosome 17, containing two CpG-rich islands. The region is the first intron of the retinoic acid receptor alpha gene (RARA).
Amplification of high-quantity serial analysis of gene expression ditags and improvement of concatemer cloning efficiency (2003)

As a method for accurate quantitative and qualitative analysis of cell transcription, serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) has been widely used in biological, medical, and pharmaceutical areas of research. The numerous steps required in the SAGE protocol, however, limit the efficiency of SAGE library construction. PCR amplification of ditags and concatemer separation are two such steps. Primer-2, which was used to amplify ditags in the original SAGE protocol, was prone to self-anneal and resulted in a decreased efficiency of the PCR amplification step. We have designed a new primer pair, which substantially enhances the efficiency of PCR amplification. Incorporating this modification reduces the number of reactions required for SAGE library construction. Sixty 50-microL reactions are now sufficient for SAGE library construction (up to an 80% reduction in comparison to the original protocol). Concatemer separation by column filtration and subsequent gel separation has been modified and has proven to be more efficient than simple heat treatment of the ligation mixture. Both of the above modifications may also be suitable for the newly developed LongSAGE protocol.
Silicon-Nanowire Transistors with Intruded Nickel-Silicide Contacts (2006)

Schottky barrier field effect transistors based on individual catalytically-grown and undoped Si-nanowires (NW) have been fabricated and characterized with respect to their gate lengths. The gate length was shortened by the axial, self-aligned formation of nickel-silicide source and drain segments along the NW. The transistors with 10-30 nm NW diameters displayed p-type behaviour, sustained current densities of up to 0.5 MA/cm2, and exhibited on/off current ratios of up to 10(7). The on-currents were limited and kept constant by the Schottky contacts for gate lengths below 1 microm, and decreased exponentially for gate lengths exceeding 1 microm.
A one‐step procedure for separating mouse T and B lymphocytes (1974)

Abstract A procedure is described for both depleting and obtaining in pure form Ig‐bearing cells from mouse lymphoid populations. The Ig‐bearing cells are identified by rosetting and the rosettes separated from the nonrosetting lymphocytes by centrifugation on Isopaque/Ficoll. The rosettes sink with the red cells and the nonrosetting lymphocytes float. The procedure is &gt; 99.5 % efficient at depleting mouse lymphoid populations of Ig‐rosetting cells and is also &gt; 97 % efficient at removing the Ig‐bearing cells detected by radioautography. Furthermore, after lysis of the red cells by hypotonic shock the Ig‐bearing cells are recovered in a highly pure form. The total recovery of white cells and rosettes applied is &gt; 85 %. This procedure was shown to produce a functional separation of T and B lymphocytes. The cell population depleted of Ig‐rosettes behaved as a pure T cell preparation. It lacked precursors of antibody‐forming cells, but contained virtually all of the Θ‐positive lymphocytes, the bulk of the helper cells detected in two in vitro hapten carrier antibody responses and all the cells which responded and produced cytotoxic cells in MLC. In contrast, the preparation of Ig rosettes expressed B cell properties. This population contained all of the antibody forming cell precursors, few helper cells and Θ‐positive lymphocytes and no MLC‐responding cells. However, there was some evidence that a small subpopulation of T cells exists which possesses surface Ig. The separation system was used to formally demonstrate that carrier primed T cells collaborate with hapten primed B cells to generate an anti‐hapten antibody response to a hapten‐carrier conjugate. It was also established that in MLC responder B cells in no way collaborate with responder T cells to generate cytotoxic cells.
Efficient loop partitioning for parallel codes of irregular scientific computations (2003)

In most distributed memory computations, node programs are executed on processors according to the owner computes rule. However, the owner computes rule is not best suited for irregular application codes. In irregular application codes, use of indirection in accessing left hand side array makes it difficult to partition loop iterations, and using indirection in accessing right hand side elements may reduce total communication by using heuristics other than the owner computes rule. In this paper we propose a communication cost reduction computes rule for irregular loop partitioning, called least communication computes rule. We partition a loop iteration to a processor on which minimal communication cost is ensured when executing that iteration. After all iterations are partitioned into various processors, we give a global vs local data transformation rule, indirection array remapping and communication optimization methods. The experimental results show that, in most cases, our approaches achieved better performance than other loop partitioning rules.
Effect of Multiple Exposures of Low-Level Laser Therapy on the Cellular Responses of Wounded Human Skin Fibroblasts (2006)

The results show that the correct energy density or fluence (J/cm(2)) and number of exposures can stimulate cellular responses of wounded fibroblasts and promote cell migration and cell proliferation by stimulating mitochondrial activity and maintaining viability without causing additional stress or damage to the wounded cells. Results indicate that the cumulative effect of lower doses (2.5 or 5 J/cm(2)) determines the stimulatory effect, while multiple exposures at higher doses (16 J/cm(2)) result in an inhibitory effect with more damage.
Antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor slows growth of an androgen-independent xenograft model of prostate cancer. (2002)

rhu alpha VEGF has cytostatic clinical activity in this androgen-independent prostate cancer xenograft model, and the addition of paclitaxel demonstrates increased clinical activity.
Inhibition of Glutathione Peroxidase Mediates the Collateral Sensitivity of Multidrug-resistant Cells to Tiopronin (2014)

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle to the successful chemotherapy of cancer. MDR is often the result of overexpression of ATP-binding cassette transporters following chemotherapy. A common ATP-binding cassette transporter that is overexpressed in MDR cancer cells is P-glycoprotein, which actively effluxes drugs against a concentration gradient, producing an MDR phenotype. Collateral sensitivity (CS), a phenomenon of drug hypersensitivity, is defined as the ability of certain compounds to selectively target MDR cells, but not the drug-sensitive parent cells from which they were derived. The drug tiopronin has been previously shown to elicit CS. However, unlike other CS agents, the mechanism of action was not dependent on the expression of P-glycoprotein in MDR cells. We have determined that the CS activity of tiopronin is mediated by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and that CS can be reversed by a variety of ROS-scavenging compounds. Specifically, selective toxicity of tiopronin toward MDR cells is achieved by inhibition of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and the mode of inhibition of GPx1 by tiopronin is shown in this report. Why MDR cells are particularly sensitive to ROS is discussed, as is the difficulty in exploiting this hypersensitivity to tiopronin in the clinic.
Recent Advances in Open-Shell Perturbation Theory and Coupled-Cluster Theory (1995)

Comparisons of various recently developed open-shell RHF perturbation theories will be presented. Among the aspects considered are spin-contamination, computational cost, and quality of numerical results. In addition, a new approach to avoid the disk storage and I/O bottlenecks in large scale coupled-cluster calculations will be discussed.
Applications of neuromodulation of the lower urinary tract in female urology (2006)

Neuromodulation is becoming part of clinical armamentarium for treatment of a variety of lower urinary tract conditions in female urology. Its increased usage stems from need of patients who have exhausted all other therapeutic options for their complex and poorly understood lower urinary tract disorders. Currently neuromodulation may consist of the use of sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) and injectable therapies. Herein, we will discuss the background and development of SNS, its current indications, methods of patient selection and will review the results of the recent published literature on SNS. In addition, we will discuss some of the newer developments in SNS such as Bion device and the future direction in integration of SNS in female urology.
An algorithm for task-based application composition (2007)

Task-based computing paradigm enables new kinds of mobile applications which are composed by networking services and heterogeneous resources. These applications use explicit user task descriptions to bind resources at runtime, thus making it easier to achieve application adaptation in changing context. In this paper, we will present an algorithm for application composition which performs resource allocation in real time according to user requirements. We will present a resource model and a system architecture for dynamic application composition. We will focus on the implementation of an application composition algorithm and demonstrate preliminary testing results.
Hematopoietic reconstitution by multipotent adult progenitor cells: precursors to long-term hematopoietic stem cells (2007)

For decades, in vitro expansion of transplantable hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has been an elusive goal. Here, we demonstrate that multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs), isolated from green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transgenic mice and expanded in vitro for >40-80 population doublings, are capable of multilineage hematopoietic engraftment of immunodeficient mice. Among MAPC-derived GFP+CD45.2+ cells in the bone marrow of engrafted mice, HSCs were present that could radioprotect and reconstitute multilineage hematopoiesis in secondary and tertiary recipients, as well as myeloid and lymphoid hematopoietic progenitor subsets and functional GFP+ MAPC-derived lymphocytes that were functional. Although hematopoietic contribution by MAPCs was comparable to control KTLS HSCs, approximately 10(3)-fold more MAPCs were required for efficient engraftment. Because GFP+ host-derived CD45.1+ cells were not observed, fusion is not likely to account for the generation of HSCs by MAPCs.
Oxidative stress and cancer: have we moved forward? (2006)

'Reactive species' (RS) of various types are formed in vivo and many are powerful oxidizing agents, capable of damaging DNA and other biomolecules. Increased formation of RS can promote the development of malignancy, and the 'normal' rates of RS generation may account for the increased risk of cancer development in the aged. Indeed, knockout of various antioxidant defence enzymes raises oxidative damage levels and promotes age-related cancer development in animals. In explaining this, most attention has been paid to direct oxidative damage to DNA by certain RS, such as hydroxyl radical (OH*). However, increased levels of DNA base oxidation products such as 8OHdg (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine) do not always lead to malignancy, although malignant tumours often show increased levels of DNA base oxidation. Hence additional actions of RS must be important, possibly their effects on p53, cell proliferation, invasiveness and metastasis. Chronic inflammation predisposes to malignancy, but the role of RS in this is likely to be complex because RS can sometimes act as anti-inflammatory agents.