gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Mathematical Model for the Influence of Fructose 6‐Phosphate, ATP, Potassium, Ammonium and Magnesium on the Phosphofructokinase from Rat Erythrocytes (1974)

The influence of the substrates fructose 6‐phosphate and ATP and the effect of potassium, ammonium and magnesium ions on the phosphofructokinase from rat erythrocytes have been investigated. The results are expressed in terms of the Monod‐Wyman‐Changeux model. Potassium and ammonium ions are equally bound to the active R‐state and the inactive T‐state (type‐I binding site) the allosteric equilibrium between R and T is not affected. Both ions compete for this site, the dissociation constants being 0.2 mM for ammonium and 10 mM for potassium. Ammonium ions additionally occupy a specific site (type‐II binding site, dissociation constant 10 mM) of the R‐state thus shifting the sigmoidal fructose 6‐phosphate saturation curve to the left. Magnesium does not activate the phosphofructokinase. It removes the inhibition by uncomplexed ATP which is strongly bound to the T‐state (dissociation constant 10 μM). In higher concentration magnesium ions inhibit the enzyme. MgATP is equally well bound to both states having therefore no inhibiting influence on the enzyme. The importance of these effects under physiological conditions is discussed.
Content-based digital watermarking for compressed audio (2000)

This paper proposes a method to embed and extract the digital watermark into and from digital compressed audio. The watermark is embedded in partially uncompressed domain and the embedding scheme is high related to audio content. The watermark content contains owner and user identifications and the watermark embedding and detection can be done very fast to ensure on-line transactions and distributions. The experimental results illustrate that the embedded watermark not only does not affect the audio quality in audibility as well as change the bit rates in compressed domain, but also can survive common signal processing methods such as D/A and A/D conversions, adding noise, filtering, re-sampling, and especially the decoding and re-encoding process. The proposed method is very useful and effective for copyright protection, trace of illegal distributions and other applications.
miR-21 microRNA expression in human gastric carcinomas and its clinical association. (2008)

miR-21 could serve as an efficient diagnostic marker for gastric cancer, but does not affect the clinical prognosis of gastric cancer patients.
Cell Microfluorometry: A Method for Rapid Fluorescence Measurement (1969)

A high-speed flow system for quantitative determination of fluoresence of cells containing fluorochrome has been developed. Feulgen-DNA distributions in populations of tissue culture cells and human leukocytes havebeen measured at a rate of 10(4) to 10(5) cells per minute and compare well with results of other independent methods.
Inhibition of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Lyase for the Treatment of Autoimmune Disorders (2009)

During nearly a decade of research dedicated to the study of sphingosine signaling pathways, we identified sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (S1PL) as a drug target for the treatment of autoimmune disorders. S1PL catalyzes the irreversible decomposition of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) by a retro-aldol fragmentation that yields hexadecanaldehyde and phosphoethanolamine. Genetic models demonstrated that mice expressing reduced S1PL activity had decreased numbers of circulating lymphocytes due to altered lymphocyte trafficking, which prevented disease development in multiple models of autoimmune disease. Mechanistic studies of lymphoid tissue following oral administration of 2-acetyl-4(5)-(1(R),2(S),3(R),4-tetrahydroxybutyl)-imidazole (THI) 3 showed a clear relationship between reduced lyase activity, elevated S1P levels, and lower levels of circulating lymphocytes. Our internal medicinal chemistry efforts discovered potent analogues of 3 bearing heterocycles as chemical equivalents of the pendant carbonyl present in the parent structure. Reduction of S1PL activity by oral administration of these analogues recapitulated the phenotype of mice with genetically reduced S1PL expression.
Interleukin‐9 receptor gene is transcriptionally regulated by nucleolin in T‐Cell lymphoma cells (2011)

Interleukin-9 (IL-9) is a multifunctional cytokine that not only has roles in immune and inflammatory responses but also is involved in growth-promoting and anti-apoptotic activities in multiple transformed cell lines, which suggests a potential role in tumorigenesis. Over-expression of the receptor of IL-9 (IL-9R) occurs in several types of human leukemias and in radiation-induced mouse T-cell lymphoma (TL). The molecular mechanism that regulates transcription of the IL-9R gene (Il9r) during leukemogenesis is, however, not well understood. Using a mouse TL cell line that has high expression of Il9r, we sought to dissect its promoter structure. Here we show that the active promoter for Il9r is located in the 5'-flanking AT-rich region. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed the opening of chromatin structure of the promoter region coupled with nucleolin binding in vivo. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the increased localization of nucleolin in the nuclei of TL cells. These data indicate that increased expression of Il9r is associated with an increased binding of nucleolin, coupled with chromatin opening, to an AT-rich region in the 5'-flanking region of Il9r in TL cells.
Pathophysiology and types of burns (2004)

Understanding the pathophysiology of a burn injury is important for effective management. In addition, different causes lead to different injury patterns, which require different management. It is therefore important to understand how a burn was caused and what kind of physiological response it will induce.

Burn injuries result in both local and systemic responses.

 ![][1] 

Clinical image of burn zones. There is central necrosis, surrounded by the zones of stasis and of hyperaemia 

### Local response

The three zones of a burn were described by Jackson in 1947.

Zone of coagulation —This occurs at the point of maximum damage. In this zone there is irreversible tissue loss due to coagulation of the constituent proteins.

Zone of stasis —The surrounding zone of stasis is characterised by decreased tissue perfusion. The tissue in this zone is potentially salvageable. The main aim of burns resuscitation is to increase tissue perfusion here and prevent any damage becoming irreversible. Additional insults—such as prolonged hypotension, infection, or oedema—can convert this zone into an area of complete tissue loss.

Zone of hyperaemia —In this outermost zone tissue perfusion is increased. The tissue here will invariably recover unless there is severe sepsis or prolonged hypoperfusion.

These three zones of a burn are three dimensional, and loss of tissue in the zone of stasis will lead to the wound deepening as well as widening.

 ![][2] 

ackson's burns zones and the effects of adequate and inadequate resuscitation 

### Systemic response

The release of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators at the site of injury has a systemic effect once the burn reaches 30% of total body surface area.

Cardiovascular changes —Capillary permeability is increased, leading to loss of intravascular proteins and fluids into the interstitial compartment. Peripheral and splanchnic vasoconstriction occurs. Myocardial contractility is decreased, possibly due to release of tumour necrosis factor α. These changes, coupled with fluid …

 [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
 [2]: /embed/graphic-2.gif
Accurate documentation in cultural heritage by merging TLS and high-resolution photogrammetric data (2011)

Several recording techniques are used together in Cultural Heritage Documentation projects. The main purpose of the documentation and conservation works is usually to generate geometric and photorealistic 3D models for both accurate reconstruction and visualization purposes. The recording approach discussed in this paper is based on the combination of photogrammetric dense matching and Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) techniques. Both techniques have pros and cons, and criteria as geometry, texture, accuracy, resolution, recording and processing time are often compared. TLS techniques (time of flight or phase shift systems) are often used for the recording of large and complex objects or sites. Point cloud generation from images by dense stereo or multi-image matching can be used as an alternative or a complementary method to TLS. Compared to TLS, the photogrammetric solution is a low cost one as the acquisition system is limited to a digital camera and a few accessories only. Indeed, the stereo matching process offers a cheap, flexible and accurate solution to get 3D point clouds and textured models. The calibration of the camera allows the processing of distortion free images, accurate orientation of the images, and matching at the subpixel level. The main advantage of this photogrammetric methodology is to get at the same time a point cloud (the resolution depends on the size of the pixel on the object), and therefore an accurate meshed object with its texture. After the matching and processing steps, we can use the resulting data in much the same way as a TLS point cloud, but with really better raster information for textures. The paper will address the automation of recording and processing steps, the assessment of the results, and the deliverables (e.g. PDF-3D files). Visualization aspects of the final 3D models are presented. Two case studies with merged photogrammetric and TLS data are finally presented: - The Gallo-roman Theatre of Mandeure (France); - The Medieval Fortress of Châtel-sur-Moselle (France), where a network of underground galleries and vaults has been recorded.
The self-diffusion of polymers (1979)

Abstract The mobility and self-diffusion of polymer molecules in concentrated systems or in the molten bulk state is largely controlled by entanglements between the molecules. These entanglements are a result of the chain-like nature of the molecules and of their extended, coil-like configuration. The conformation and mobility of polymer molecules in dilute solution—which are relatively well understood—are discussed; this leads to a consideration of self-diffusion in the more concentrated states and in the bulk polymer melt, and several special properties of polymers which are controlled and modified by the molecular self-diffusion are examined. Our current theoretical understanding of polymeric self-diffusion in highly entangled systems is outlined, and the ways in which such diffusion may be studied experimentally are briefly described. The final part of the review describes a recent experimental study of self-diffusion in a polymer melt; the results of this study may provide new insight into the motion of entangled, chain-like molecules.
Expression of B cell markers on SR-4987 cells derived from murine bone marrow stroma. (1997)

The murine cell line SR-4987 was originated in our laboratory from adherent cells of a long term bone marrow culture. SR-4987 cells do not express p21-ras and c-fms products on membrane whereas secrete M-CSF, evidence a fibroblast-like morphology and are vimentine positive. This line shows a very poor "in vitro" agar clonogenicity which is not modulated by the addition of different cytokines and growth factors (M-CSF, GM-CSF, G-CSF, IL-3, IL-7, alpha-TNF, PDGF, and EGF). On the contrary, a dramatic increase in clonogenicity is observed in the presence of bFGF. The RT-PCR investigation evidences the mRNA encoding for bFGF, IL-7, GM-CSF, and SCF (c-kit ligand). The analysis of CD antigen expression on SR-4987 cell membrane indicates a phenotype (CD5+, CD44+, 45R(B220)+, sIg+, 5'-nucleotidase+) that is consistent with a B cell feature. Our observations suggest that exogenous bFGF might represent an appropriate stimulus for inducing the SR-4987 cells proliferation also in the absence of cell-substrate anchorage. Further, they indicate that SR-4987 cells could represent a particular differentiation stage in which characters of "stromal cell" and "B cell" are coexpressed in agreement with the hypothesis of a common stromal-hematopoietic differentiation.
A Convenient Synthesis of Methyl (p-Toluenesulphonylimino) acetate. Addition Reactions with Dienes (1991)

The thermal reaction of methyl glyoxylate with p-toluenesulphonyl isocyanate gave the title imino-ester 1, which underwent in situ hetero-Diels-Alder reactions with various 1,3-dienes (6 examples). With 1-ethoxy-3-(trimethylsioxy)-1,3-cyclo-hexadiene the aza-Mukaiyama product was obtained exclusively, whereas with furans electrophilic substitution at the 2-position took place.
ASAP: An Adaptive Sampling Approach to Data Collection in Sensor Networks (2007)

One of the most prominent and comprehensive ways of data collection in sensor networks is to periodically extract raw sensor readings. This way of data collection enables complex analysis of data, which may not be possible with in-network aggregation or query processing. However, this flexibility in data analysis comes at the cost of power consumption. In this paper we develop ASAP &#8722; an adaptive sampling approach to energyefficient periodic data collection in sensor networks. The main idea behind ASAP is to use a dynamically changing subset of the nodes as samplers such that the sensor readings of the sampler nodes are directly collected, whereas the values of the non-sampler nodes are predicted through the use of probabilistic models that are locally and periodically constructed. ASAP can be effectively used to increase the network lifetime while keeping the quality of the collected data high, in scenarios where either the spatial density of the network deployment is superfluous relative to the required spatial resolution for data analysis or certain amount of data quality can be traded off in order to decrease the power consumption of the network. ASAP approach consists of three main mechanisms. First, sensing-driven cluster construction is used to create clusters within the network such that nodes with close sensor readings are assigned to the same clusters. Second, correlation-based sampler selection and model derivation are used to determine the sampler nodes and to calculate the parameters of the probabilistic models that capture the spatial and temporal correlations among the sensor readings. Last, adaptive data collection and model-based prediction are used to minimize the number of messages used to extract data from the network. A unique feature of ASAP is the use of in-network schemes, as opposed to the protocols requiring centralized control, to select and dynamically refine the subset of the sensor nodes serving as samplers and to adjust th
A neuromuscular-model based control strategy for powered ankle-foot prostheses (2009)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2009.
RGR-3D: simple, cheap detection of 6-DOF pose for teleoperation, and robot programming and calibration (2003)

It is a remarkable challenge to know the pose of an object in all six dimensions of X, Y, Z and pitch, roll and yaw. Conventional measurement (metrology) systems include: mechanical metrology systems; stereo optical systems, particularly with active LED beacons; and laser interferometry systems. In this paper a simple, low-cost method for determining pose in space is presented. The method is based on interpreting moire patterns generated by a passive target and acquired with a conventional digital camera. Experiments carried out on a Fanuc S-10 robot are reported.
Electronically Configurable Molecular-Based Logic Gates (1999)

Logic gates were fabricated from an array of configurable switches, each consisting of a monolayer of redox-active rotaxanes sandwiched between metal electrodes. The switches were read by monitoring current flow at reducing voltages. In the "closed" state, current flow was dominated by resonant tunneling through the electronic states of the molecules. The switches were irreversibly opened by applying an oxidizing voltage across the device. Several devices were configured together to produce AND and OR logic gates. The high and low current levels of those gates were separated by factors of 15 and 30, respectively, which is a significant enhancement over that expected for wired-logic gates.
Cholesteric/polymer dispersed light shutters (1993)

We report cholesteric/polymer dispersed (CPD) materials that switch from a reflecting, planar state to a relatively transparent, focal conic state. The reflective wavelength of the CPD materials can be continuously adjusted by varying the cholesteric pitch length. The electro-optic properties of these materials are similar to the recently reported polymer stabilized cholesteric materials; however, the polymer concentration is sufficient to provide a self-sustaining and self-adhering film, offering the potential of large area devices fabricated on flexible substrates.
Enzyme genomics: Application of general enzymatic screens to discover new enzymes (2005)

In all sequenced genomes, a large fraction of predicted genes encodes proteins of unknown biochemical function and up to 15% of the genes with "known" function are mis-annotated. Several global approaches are routinely employed to predict function, including sophisticated sequence analysis, gene expression, protein interaction, and protein structure. In the first coupling of genomics and enzymology, Phizicky and colleagues undertook a screen for specific enzymes using large pools of partially purified proteins and specific enzymatic assays. Here we present an overview of the further developments of this approach, which involve the use of general enzymatic assays to screen individually purified proteins for enzymatic activity. The assays have relaxed substrate specificity and are designed to identify the subclass or sub-subclasses of enzymes (phosphatase, phosphodiesterase/nuclease, protease, esterase, dehydrogenase, and oxidase) to which the unknown protein belongs. Further biochemical characterization of proteins can be facilitated by the application of secondary screens with natural substrates (substrate profiling). We demonstrate here the feasibility and merits of this approach for hydrolases and oxidoreductases, two very broad and important classes of enzymes. Application of general enzymatic screens and substrate profiling can greatly speed up the identification of biochemical function of unknown proteins and the experimental verification of functional predictions produced by other functional genomics approaches.
Enzymatic analyses in organic solvents (1986)

Horseradish peroxidase has been found to vigorously act as a catalyst in a number of water-immiscible organic solvents. The rates of peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of p-anisidine with H(2)O(2) in toluene, benzene, ethyl and butyl acetates, and ether are in the range of 10-25% of that in water (pH 7.0) at the same reactant concentrations. Per oxidase was coupled with cholesterol oxidase (which was also found to be catalytically active in organic media), and the bienzymic system was successfully used for accurate, reliable, and reproducible determination of cholesterol in toluene.
A primer on turbo code concepts (1997)

The goal of this article is to describe the main ideas behind the new class of codes called turbo codes, whose performance in terms of bit error probability has been shown to be very close to the Shannon limit. In this article, the mathematical measures of a posteriori probability and likelihood are reviewed, and the benefits of turbo codes are explained in this context. Since the algorithms needed to implement the decoders have been well documented by others, they are only referenced here, not described in detail. A numerical example, using a simple concatenated coding scheme, provides a vehicle for illustrating how error performance can be improved when soft outputs from the decoders are used in an iterative decoding process.
A Configurable Ring-Oscillator-Based PUF for Xilinx FPGAs (2011)

Devadas has first proposed the notion of Silicon Physical Unclonable Function (sPUF), which takes advantage of delay variations of wires and gates. A Ring-Oscillator-Based PUF (RO PUF) is one possible implementation of an sPUF. One disadvantage of RO PUFs is that they require one pair of ring oscillators per bit of output. Therefore, in order to collect enough output bits for a safe security level, a large number of ring oscillators is needed. Configurable PUFs may help solving this problem. In 2009, Maiti introduced a configurable RO PUF to improve RO PUF reliability, where each RO is implemented in one configurable logic block (CLB) by using lookup tables (LUTs) and dedicated multiplexers. In this paper we analyze Maiti's configurable RO PUFs and propose improvements to generate more output bits, by utilizing latches as well as the resource mentioned above. Experimental results demonstrate that our improved method outputs more bits than Maiti's configurable RO PUFs and the original RO PUFs, while using the same amount of area.
Osteoarthritic patients with high cartilage turnover show increased responsiveness to the cartilage protecting effects of glucosamine sulphate. (2004)

The data indicate that measurement of urinary collagen type II C-telopeptide fragments enables the identification of OA patients with high cartilage turnover who at the same time are most responsive to therapy with structure modifying drugs.
InAs/InGaAs quantum dot structures on GaAs substrates emitting at 1.3 μm (1999)

InAs self-organized quantum dots inserted in InGaAs quantum well have been grown on GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. The lateral size of the InAs islands has been found to be approximately 1.5 times larger as compared to the InAs/GaAs case, whereas the island heights and surface densities were close in both cases. The quantum dot emission wavelength can be controllably changed from 1.1 to 1.3 μm by varying the composition of the InGaAs quantum well matrix. Photoluminescence at 1.33 μm from vertical optical microcavities containing the InAs/InGaAs quantum dot array was demonstrated.
Microbial synergy in experimental intra-abdominal abscess (1976)

Intra-abdominal sepsis was studied in Wistar rats by using four microbial species: Escherichia coli, enterococci, Bacteroides fragilis, and Fusobacterium varium. These organisms were implanted into the peritoneal cavity singly and in all possible dual combinations. Results were evaluated by mortality rates and the incidence of intra-abdominal abscesses on autopsy following sacrifice after 7 days. Mortality was restricted to recipients of E. coli, thus implicating coliforms in the acute lethality associated with this experimental model. Intra-abdominal abscesses were produced in 61 of 95 (94%) animals that received the combination of an anaerobe and a facultative organism. Abscesses failed to form with any single strain or with E. coli plus enterococci, and they were detected in one 1 of 19 animals receiving B. fragilis plus F. varium. These results suggest that intra-abdominal abscess formation is related to synergy between anaerobes and facultative bacteria.
Semiconductor optical amplifiers (1992)

Reviews some of the recent advances in semiconductor laser amplifiers and highlights some of the device and system issues connected with the use of optical amplifiers. Particular attention is given to noise properties, system applications (i.e. in-line amplifiers, power amplifiers, and receiver preamplifiers), and nonlinear effects. Finally, semiconductor amplifiers are compared with fiber amplifiers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>