gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Removal of Pyrite and Different Types of Iron Sulfide Scales in Oil and Gas Wells without H2S Generation (2015)

Iron Sulfide scale is a significant problem in oil and gas industry where the iron sulfide depositions have adverse impact to the production operations. Typically, iron sulfide scale formed as result of the reaction between the hydrogen sulfide and iron. Iron sulfide scale has several forms; pyrrhotite (Fe7S8), troilite (FeS), pyrite (FeS2), greigite (Fe2S4), and mackninawite (Fe9S8). Pyrite, which has good thermal stability, tends to deposit at shallower places downhole and is inert to acid. Other iron sulfides react with acids. Thermal stable species are much harder to be removed by acids. Thus the iron sulfide downhole are mainly pyrrhotite, pyrite, marcasite and mackinawite, in which pyrite cannot be removed by acid treatment. Both pyrite and marcasite have very low solubility in HCl, and the only available method of removal in the oil industry is to mill these types of scale. In this paper we introduced new formulations that can be effectively used to remove the pyrite and marcasite scales with removal efficiency reaches 85%. The new formulation will not release H2S during the removal of pyrite scale or any other iron sulfide scale as HCl, therefore, no need for H2S scavenger and also no HSE consideration are required during the removal because the new formulation can be considered as environmentally friendly. No need for additives such as corrosion inhibitors because these fluids pH is above 11 and they are not corrosive. The new formulation consists of high pH chelating agents such as DTPA (di ethylene tri amine penta acetic acid) at pH range from 11 to 14 and catalytic or converting agent such as potassium carbonate (K2CO3), (Cesium Carbonate) Cs2CO3, or (Cesium formate) CsCOOH. The optimum concentration of the chelating agents is 20 wt % DTPA and 7 wt% for the catalyst/converter. In the oilfield treatment water wetting surfactant or solvent should be injected first to remove the organic scale that covers the iron sulfide scale and then DTPA/Converting agents can be injected. No gases will be released during the scale removal process and this will not increase the pressure of the well during the treatment process. Currently the removal efficiency of the pyrite scale type is maximum 20 % by HCl. Using the new formulations the solubility of actual field samples of pyrite reached 85%. The new formulation can be used effectively to remove all types of iron sulfide scales especially those cannot be removed by HCl. One more advantage of the new formulation is that the H2S will not evolve during the treatment and that will cut the cost of safety considerations bedside the cost of H2S scavengers.
Effects of L-Carnitine L-Tartrate Supplementation on Muscle Oxygenation Responses to Resistance Exercise (2008)

Previous research has shown that L-carnitine L-tartrate (LCLT) supplementation beneficially affects markers of hypoxic stress following resistance exercise. However, the mechanism of this response is unclear. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to determine the effects of LCLT supplementation on muscle tissue oxygenation during and after multiple sets of squat exercise. Nine healthy, previously resistance-trained men (25.2 +/- 6.years, 91.2 +/- 10.2 kg, 180.2 +/- 6.3 cm) ingested 2 g.d of LCLT or an identical placebo for 23 days in a randomized, balanced, crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled, repeated-measures study design. On day 21, forearm muscle oxygenation was measured during and after an upper arm occlusion protocol using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), which measures the balance of oxygen delivery in relation to oxygen consumption. On day 22, subjects performed 5 sets of 15 to 20 repetitions of squat exercise with corresponding measures of thigh muscle oxygenation, via NIRS, and serial blood draws. Compared to the placebo trial, muscle oxygenation was reduced in the LCLT trial during upper arm occlusion and following each set of resistance exercise. Despite reduced oxygenation, plasma malondealdehyde, a marker of membrane damage, was attenuated during the LCLT trial. There were no differences between trials in the vasoactive substance prostacyclin. In conclusion, because oxygen delivery was occluded during the forearm protocol, it is proposed that enhanced oxygen consumption mediated the reduced muscle oxygenation during the LCLT trial. Enhanced oxygen consumption would explain why hypoxic stress was attenuated with LCLT supplementation.
Quantitative correlation between HLA class I allele expression and recognition of melanoma cells by antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (1995)

MHC class I antigen expression is necessary for CD8+ T-cell-mediated recognition of tumors. Recently, several mechanisms leading to loss or decreased expression of MHC antigens on the tumor cell surface have been described that may account for tumor escape from immune recognition. It is yet unknown whether tumor recognition by CTL occurs at a threshold amount of MHC molecules or correlates with the level of HLA-allele expression. In this study, a model was developed in which clones derived from the 624-MEL melanoma cell line and expressing varying amounts of HLA-A2 molecules were lysed in a standard 51Cr release assay by an HLA-A2-restricted CTL clone (A42) or a bulk culture of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. The A42 clone and the tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte culture were characterized previously as specifically recognizing the melanoma antigen MART-1(27-35) peptide. A marked heterogeneity in the susceptibility to lysis by A42 was observed in tumor clones and was not due to heterogeneous expression of MART-1 by the clones or loss of accessory molecules involved in the lymphocyte-target interaction. Lysis by A42 and by the tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte culture significantly correlated with the level of HLA-A2 expression, evaluated as mean channel number of fluorescence by flow cytometry (P < 0.001). Transfection of an HLA-A2-negative clone (624.28) with the HLA-A2.1 gene produced a panel of clones expressing different levels of HLA-A2, the lysis of which was highly correlated with the expression of HLA-A2 (P < 0.001). The addition of exogenous MART-1(27-35) peptide enhanced lysis of clones expressing intermediate amounts of HLA-A2 but did not affect clones with high expression. These data suggest that the number of HLA molecules present on the surface of tumor cells can quantitatively affect their lysis by CTL in situations with borderline amounts of peptide and/or MHC.
Simultaneous and independent detection of C9ORF72 alleles with low and high number of GGGGCC repeats using an optimised protocol of Southern blot hybridisation (2013)

The suggested protocol has sufficient advantages to warrant adoption as a standard for Southern blot hybridisation analysis of GGGGCC repeat expansions in the C9ORF72 locus.
Microbiological Properties of a New Cephalosporin, BL-S 339: 7-(Phenylacetimidoyl-aminoacetamido)-3-(2-Methyl-1, 3,4-Thiadiazol-5-Ylthiomethyl)Ceph-3-em-4-Carboxylic Acid (1973)

BL-S 339 is a new broad-spectrum, parenterally effective cephalosporin whose expression of antibacterial activity in vitro is markedly affected by the nature of the assay medium. When assayed in nutrient agar, BL-S 339 was more active than cephalothin against strains of Diplococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter, and indole-positive Proteus sp. However, when assayed in Mueller-Hinton medium, its activity, especially against gram-negative bacteria, was reduced substantially, whereas the activity of cephalothin was virtually unaffected by the assay medium. The in vivo activity of BL-S 339 correlated well with its activity in nutrient agar; when administered subcutaneously to mice, it was therapeutically more efficacious than cephalothin in infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. When BL-S 339 was administered intramuscularly to mice, the concentrations achieved in the blood were three times those achieved with cephalothin. BL-S 339 was bound to human serum proteins to the same extent as cephalothin. Recovery of BL-S 339 in the urine within the 24-hr period after intramuscular administration to rats was three times that of cephalothin.
Plasminogen-activator inhibitor type 1 is a potent natural inhibitor of extracellular matrix degradation by fibrosarcoma and colon carcinoma cells. (1990)

We have analyzed the role of plasminogen-activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) in the regulation of tumor cell-mediated extracellular matrix degradation. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed PAI-1 associated with microgranular and fibrillar material of the extracellular matrix and demonstrated the presence of PAI-1 as a cell surface-associated antigen. Transforming growth factor beta significantly reduced matrix degradation mediated by HT-1080 human fibrosarcoma cells. This inhibition was correlated with an increase in PAI-1 antigen expression, whereas urinary-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) secretion was unaffected. In this experimental system, PAI-1 regulated extracellular matrix breakdown, as added PAI-1 inhibited matrix solubilization, whereas monoclonal antibodies to PAI-1 increased it. A cell line (LPAI) producing high levels of biologically active PAI-1 was established by transfection of a human PAI-1 cDNA clone into mouse L cells. Coculture experiments demonstrated that LPAI cells prevented matrix degradation by Lu-PA cells (L cells expressing high levels of u-PA) or Co-115 human colon carcinoma cells (expressing tissue-type plasminogen activator). These results indicate that PAI-1 may play a critical role in the regulation of extracellular matrix degradation during tumor cell invasion.
Proteolytic release and crystallization of the RNase H domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (1991)

The RNase H domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase was released from recombinant DHFR-RNase H fusion protein by the action of HIV-1 protease and crystallized as large trigonal prisms that diffract x-rays to at least 2.4-A resolution. The protease cleavage occurred 18 residues away from the Phe440-Tyr441 site reported to be processed during maturation of the reverse transcriptase heterodimer. Mutagenesis of the protease-sensitive region (residues 430-440), which is part of the crystallized domain, indicates that any alteration of the wild-type sequence results in increased proteolysis of the p66 subunit. A model of asymmetric processing in HIV-1 reserve transcriptase which involves partial unfolding of the RNase H domain is proposed based on these results and the recently reported three-dimensional structure of this domain.
Persistent Activation of RelA by Respiratory Syncytial Virus Involves Protein Kinase C, Underphosphorylated IκBβ, and Sequestration of Protein Phosphatase 2A by the Viral Phosphoprotein (1998)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) activated the RelA (p65) subunit of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) over many hours postinfection. The initial activation coincided with phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaBalpha, the cytoplasmic inhibitor of RelA. During persistent activation of NF-kappaB at later times in infection, syntheses of inhibitors IkappaBalpha as well as IkappaBbeta were restored. However, the resynthesized IkappaBbeta was in an underphosphorylated state, which apparently prevented inhibition of NF-kappaB. Use of specific inhibitors suggested that the pathway leading to the persistent-but not the initial-activation of NF-kappaB involved signaling through protein kinase C (PKC) and reactive oxygen intermediates of nonmitochondrial origin, whereas phospholipase C or D played little or no role. Thus, RSV infection led to the activation of NF-kappaB by a biphasic mechanism: a transient or early activation involving phosphorylation of the inhibitor IkappaB polypeptides, and a persistent or long-term activation requiring PKC and the generation of hypophosphorylated IkappaBbeta. At least a part of the activation was through a novel mechanism in which the viral phosphoprotein P associated with but was not dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase 2A and thus sequestered and inhibited the latter. We postulate that this led to a net increase in the phosphorylation state of signaling proteins that are responsible for RelA activation.
Phosphorus-31 NMR and kinetic studies of the formation of ortho-, pyro-, and triphosphato complexes of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhosphorus-31 NMR and kinetic studies of the formation of ortho-, pyro-, and triphosphato complexes of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II)Rathindra N. Bose, Ronald E. Viola, and Richard D. CorneliusCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 11, 3336–3343Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00323a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00323a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views242Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Spectrum of Mutations in the CFTR Gene of Patients with Classical and Atypical Forms of Cystic Fibrosis from Southwestern Sweden: Identification of 12 Novel Mutations (2001)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene. The spectrum of CFTR mutations varies between populations and depends on different factors, such as ethnic background and geographical location. The extensive CFTR mutation screening of 129 patients with classical or atypical CF from the south-western region of Sweden revealed the presence of 37 CFTR mutations, including 12 novel alleles. The overall mutation detection rate in this study population was 92%, the highest among all tested regions in Sweden. Eight mutations with a frequency above 1% (DeltaF508, 394delTT, R117C, 3659delC, E60X, 1112delT, R764X, and 621 + 1G --> T) accounted for 78% of CF chromosomes and have been recommended for inclusion in the CFTR mutation screening panel for molecular diagnosis of CF in this region. The multiple occurrence of specific CFTR alleles less common than the predominant DeltaF508 mutation (394delTT, R117C, 3659delC) allowed for genotype-phenotype comparisons and revealed consistent relationships between these mutations and disease severity.
NDF/heregulin stimulates the phosphorylation of Her3/erbB3 (1994)

Her3/erbB3 has been identified as a third member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family [(1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 9193-9197; (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 4905-4909]. The natural ligand for Her3 has not been identified. Although recently NDF has been proposed as a specific ligand for Her4 [(1993) Nature 366, 473-475; (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 18407-18410], we report here that Her3 was phosphorylated on tyrosine not only in three breast carcinoma cell lines, MDAMB453, MDAMB468 and SKBR3, but also in Her3-transfected CHO cells in response to NDF stimulation. In further studies, cells were reacted with 125I-labeled NDF and then chemically crosslinked. Immunoprecipitation with anti-Her3 revealed a dense high Mw band, greater than 400 kDa. The results suggest that NDF may be a ligand of Her3 and induces receptor hetero-oligomerization.
SINGLE-STRANDED DNA BINDING PROTEINS REQUIRED FOR DNA REPLICATION (1986)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Therapeutic Approaches to Bone Diseases (2000)

The strength and integrity of our bones depends on maintaining a delicate balance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. As we age or as a result of disease, this delicate balancing act becomes tipped in favor of osteoclasts so that bone resorption exceeds bone formation, rendering bones brittle and prone to fracture. A better understanding of the biology of osteoclasts and osteoblasts is providing opportunities for developing therapeutics to treat diseases of bone. Drugs that inhibit the formation or activity of osteoclasts are valuable for treating osteoporosis, Paget's disease, and inflammation of bone associated with rheumatoid arthritis or periodontal disease. Far less attention has been paid to promoting bone formation with, for example, growth factors or hormones, an approach that would be a valuable adjunct therapy for patients receiving inhibitors of bone resorption.
High Titers of Autoantibodies to Topoisomerase I (Scl-70) in Sera from Scleroderma Patients (1986)

Patients with rheumatic diseases often have circulating autoantibodies to nuclear components. The clinical significance of the antibodies is controversial, although in some cases they are valuable in the diagnosis of the disease. This report presents results of a study of Scl-70, an autoantigen recognized by sera of many patients with the most severe form of progressive systemic sclerosis. It was possible to show, by three independent criteria, that Scl-70 is the abundant nuclear enzyme DNA topoisomerase I. Therefore, antibody probes of high titer and high affinity are now available for the study of this important nuclear enzyme.
IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and psoriasis: conflicting results in the literature. Opposite behaviour of the two cytokines in lesional or non-lesional extracts of whole skin. (1998)

A still debated question in the field of the cytokine network in psoriasis is represented by contrasting data reported on the local amount of IL-1 beta amounts, of IL-1 in this dermatosis. In fact previous studies have suggested that there were decreased Il-1 alpha amounts at the lesional level but increased nonfunctional IL-1 beta concentrations as compared to the non-lesional and normal epidermis. However, recent data suggest that IL-1 alpha and, to a lesser extent, IL-1 beta amounts, are both increased and biologically active in the epidermal cell suspension of lesional psoriatic skin as compared to those of normal skin. The data reported in the present paper show that IL-1 alpha levels are decreased in psoriatic lesional extracts of whole skin (mean 2.9 +/- 2 pg/mg) as compared to non-lesional (mean 6.7 +/- 6.2 mg/mg; p = 0.02) or normal skin (mean 13.8 +/- 9.4 pg/mg; p = 0.0002). IL-1 alpha concentrations were also significantly lower in the non-lesional skin than in normal skin (p = 0.02). In contrast, the IL-1 beta levels (mean 1.2 +/- 0.74 pg/mg were higher in the lesional samples than in the non-lesional ones (mean 0.5 +/- 0.4 pg/mg; p = 0.0004) or in normal skin (mean 0.4 +/- 0.2 pg/mg; p = 0.004). No differences in IL-1 beta levels were observed between non-lesional and normal skin (p = 0.3). In addition both IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta are directly correlated with the disease severity and each other. Our data, extending the Il-1 determination to the whole skin, seem to confirm the previously reported findings at the epidermis level and provide new light on possible interpretation of literature discrepancies.
Interpolation based transmit beamforming for MIMO-OFDM with limited feedback (2005)

Transmit beamforming and receive combining are simple methods for exploiting spatial diversity in multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) system. Optimal beamforming requires channel state information in the form of the beamforming vectors for each OFDM subcarrier. This paper proposes a limited feedback architecture that combines beamforming vector quantization and smart vector interpolation. In the proposed system, the receiver sends a fraction of information about the optimal beamforming vectors to the transmitter and the transmitter computes the beamforming vectors for all subcarriers through interpolation. A new spherical interpolator is developed that exploits parameters for phase rotation to satisfy the phase invariance and unit norm properties of the transmitted beamforming vectors. The beamforming vectors and phase parameters are quantized at the receiver and the quantized information is provided to the transmitter. The proposed quantization system provides only a moderate increase in complexity versus over comparable approaches. Numerical simulations show that the proposed scheme performs better than existing diversity techniques with the same feedback data rate.
Preliminary tests for the homeopathic praparation Traumeel® ; on immune parameters and values of sperm quality in boars (2008)

In vorliegender Studie sollte untersucht werden, ob die Anregung der unspezifischen Immunitat durch Anwendung des homoopatischen Arzneimittels Traumeel® ; die Spermaqualitat bei Ebern in intensiver Produktion beeinflussen kann. Fur diese Untersuchung wurden insgesamt 14 Eber im Alter von 28 bis 30 Monaten herangezogen. Sie wurden in zwei Gruppen von je 7 Ebern eingeteilt - eine Versuchsgruppe (n=7) und eine Kontrollgruppe (n=7). Die Versuchsgruppe erhielt wahrend vier Tagen jede 24 Stunden 5 mL (5 g) i.m. des homoopatischen Praparates Traumeel® ; . Der Kontrollgruppe wurde dagegen wahrend 4 Tagen physiologische Losung i.m. appliziert. Die Blutproben wurden den Ebern einmal wochentlich (7 Wochen vor und 7 Wochen nach der Applikation von Traumeel® ; ) entnommen. Danach wurden folgende immunologische Parameter bestimmt: Leukozyten, Lymphozyten, Monozyten sowie eosinophile, basophile und neutrophile Granulozyten, Gesamtproteine, Betaglobulin, Gamaglobulin und C-reaktives Protein. Nach der Anwendung von Traumeel® ; konnte eine statistisch signifikante Erhohung der Leukozytenwerte verzeichnet werden. Die Ejakulatproben wurden zweimal wochentlich seitens eines unabhangigen Labors entnommen und anschliesend beurteilt. Die Parameter, wie Ejakulatvolumen, Konzentration, Spermiendichte, Spermienmotilitat und Anzahl von Spermadosen wurden 7 Wochen vor und 7 Wochen nach der Applikation von Traumeel® ; bestimmt. Dabei konnte festgestellt werden, dass in der mit Traumeel® ; behandelten Gruppe das durchschnittliche Ejakulatvolumen signifikant groser war. Auserdem wurde in der Versuchsgruppe eine bemerkbare Erhohung der Spermienmotilitat verzeichnet, die jedoch nicht signifikant war. Aus den Ergebnissen der vorliegenden Untersuchung kann geschlossen werden, dass das homoopathische Praparat Traumeel® ; einen gunstigen Einfluss auf die Immunparameter und die Parameter der Spermaqualitat der Eber ausubt. Seine breitere Anwendung kann jedoch erst nach der Durchfuhrung weiterer Untersuchungen an einer groseren Tieranzahl und wahrend einer langeren Zeit empfohlen werden