gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FGFs, heparan sulfate and FGFRs: complex interactions essential for development (2000)

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) comprise a large family of developmental and physiological signaling molecules. All FGFs have a high affinity for the glycosaminoglycan heparin and for cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans. A large body of biochemical and cellular evidence points to a direct role for heparin/heparan sulfate in the formation of an active FGF/FGF receptor signaling complex. However, until recently there has been no direct demonstration that heparan is required for the biological activity of FGF in a developmental system in vivo. A recent paper by Lin et al.(1) has broken through this barrier to demonstrate that heparan sulfate is essential for FGF function during Drosophila development. The establishment of a role for heparan sulfate in FGFR activation in vivo suggests that tissue-specific differences in the structure of heparan may modulate the activity of FGF. BioEssays 22:108-112, 2000.
Multimedia group synchronization protocols for integrated services networks (1996)

Unlike traditional data traffic, real time multimedia traffic requires synchronization. Temporal relationships among media must be maintained. Yet delay jitter and the absence of a global clock may disrupt these temporal relationships. This paper introduces new group synchronization protocols for real-time, multimedia applications, including teleconference, teleorchestration and multimedia on demand services. The proposed protocols achieve synchronization for all configurations (one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, and many-to-many), and does so without prior knowledge of the end-to-end delay distribution, or the distribution of the clock drift. The only a-priori knowledge the protocols require is an upper bound on the end-to-end delay. The paper concludes with simulation experiments showing that the protocols work effectively in both LAN and WAN environments.
The Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of Ropivacaine Continuous Wound Instillation After Spine Fusion Surgery (2004)

Postoperative pain after lumbar arthrodesis is related to soft tissue and muscle dissection and to manipulations and removal at the operation site. By blocking noxious stimuli from the surgical area, infiltration and wound perfusion with ropivacaine were more effective in controlling pain than systemic analgesia.
oNBS−SPPS:  A New Method for Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXToNBS−SPPS: A New Method for Solid-Phase Peptide SynthesisStephen C. Miller and Thomas S. ScanlanView Author Information Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology University of California San Francisco, California 94143-0446 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 11, 2690–2691Publication Date (Web):March 7, 1998Publication History Received16 December 1997Published online7 March 1998Published inissue 1 March 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja974252khttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja974252krapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2176Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Monomers,Organic reactions,Peptides and proteins,Solid phase synthesis Get e-Alerts
Transaminase Elevations in Patients Receiving Bovine or Porcine Heparin (1984)

Eighty-six patients who required heparin therapy were randomly assigned to receive bovine or porcine heparin. Abnormal concentrations of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase developed during treatment in 59.3% and 26.7% of patients, respectively. Patient characteristics that significantly influenced the development of abnormal alanine transaminase concentrations were male sex and higher baseline enzyme values. Transaminase concentrations returned to normal in 80% of patients after heparin therapy was discontinued and in 20% during therapy. Analysis of transaminase concentrations in all 86 patients showed that 95% had some increase in enzymes during treatment. Mean maximal increase over baseline for all patients was 3.6 for alanine transaminase and 3.1 for aspartate transaminase (range, 1.0 to 15). Lactate dehydrogenase concentrations became abnormal in 35.7% of patients. Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme determinations in 6 patients showed elevated hepatic fractions. No clinical symptoms of hepatic dysfunction were seen.
Inhibition of Cyclic AMP Formation by a Selective Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Agonist (1992)

It is well documented that the effects of excitatory amino acid (EAA) agonists on phosphoinositide hydrolysis involve a GTP-binding protein-linked or "metabotropic" receptor mechanism. The mechanisms by which EAAs alter cyclic AMP levels in brain slices, however, are not yet clear. In this study, the selective metabotropic EAA agonist trans-(+-)-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid and its isomers were examined for effects on basal and forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP formation in slices of the rat hippocampus. Trans-(+-)-1-Aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid had little effect on basal cyclic AMP but inhibited forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP formation in a biphasic manner. The 1S,3R isomer of 1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid produced potent but only partial (approximately 50%) inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP formation. 1R,3S-1-Aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid fully inhibited forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP but with lower potency than the 1S,3R isomer. These results show that in addition to the formation of phosphoinositide-derived second messengers, the cellular consequences of selectively activating hippocampal metabotropic EAA receptors include an alteration of cellular cyclic AMP levels.
Interaction between BiP and Sec63p is required for the completion of protein translocation into the ER of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1995)

To clarify the roles of Kar2p (BiP) and Sec63p in translocation across the ER membrane in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we have utilized mutant alleles of the essential genes that encode these proteins: kar2-203 and sec63-1. Sanders et al. (Sanders, S. L., K. M. Whitfield, J. P. Vogel, M. D. Rose, and R. W. Schekman. 1992. Cell. 69:353-365) showed that the translocation defect of the kar2-203 mutant lies in the inability of the precursor protein to complete its transit across the membrane, suggesting that the lumenal hsp70 homologue Kar2p (BiP) binds the transiting polypeptide in order to facilitate its passage through the pore. We now show that mutation of a conserved residue (A181-->T) (Nelson, M. K., T. Kurihara, and P. Silver. 1993. Genetics. 134:159-173) in the lumenal DnaJ box of Sec63p (sec63-1) results in an in vitro phenotype that mimics the precursor stalling defect of kar2-203. We demonstrate by several criteria that this phenotype results specifically from a defect in the lumenal interaction between Sec63p and BiP: Neither a sec62-1 mutant nor a mutation in the cytosolically exposed domain of Sec63p causes precursor stalling, and interaction of the sec63-1 mutant with the membranebound components of the translocation apparatus is unimpaired. Additionally, dominant KAR2 suppressors of sec63-1 partially relieve the stalling defect. Thus, proper interaction between BiP and Sec63p is necessary to allow the precursor polypeptide to complete its transit across the membrane.
Lung Endothelial Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Promotes Adhesion and Metastasis of Rat Breast Cancer Cells via Tumor Cell Surface-associated Fibronectin (1998)

Endothelial cell adhesion molecules are partly responsible for the distinct organ distribution of cancer metastases. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) expressed on rat lung capillary endothelia is shown here to be an adhesion receptor for rat breast cancer cells and to mediate lung colonization by these tumor cells. Fibronectin (FN) assembled on breast cancer cell surfaces into multiple, randomly dispersed globules from cellular and plasma FN is identified as the principal ligand for DPP IV. Ligand expression correlates quantitatively with the tumor cells' capabilities to bind to DPP IV and to metastasize to the lungs. DPP IV/FN-mediated adhesion and metastasis are blocked when tumor cells are incubated with soluble DPP IV prior to conducting adhesion and lung colony assays. Adhesion is also blocked by anti-DPP IV monoclonal antibody 6A3 and anti-FN antiserum. However, adhesion to immobilized FN is unaffected by soluble plasma FN and, thus, can happen during hematogenous spread of cancer cells at high plasma FN concentrations. The ability of many cancer cells to capture FN molecules on their surface and to augment such deposits by FN self-association during passage in the blood suggests that DPP IV/FN binding may be a relatively common mechanism for lung metastasis.
A Vibrio cholerae protease needed for killing of Caenorhabditis elegans has a role in protection from natural predator grazing (2006)

Vibrio cholerae is the causal bacterium of the diarrheal disease cholera, and its growth and survival are thought to be curtailed by bacteriovorous predators, e.g., ciliates and flagellates. We explored Caenorhabditis elegans as a test organism after finding that V. cholerae can cause lethal infection of this nematode. By reverse genetics we identified an extracellular protease, the previously uncharacterized PrtV protein, as being necessary for killing. The killing effect is associated with the colonization of bacteria within the Caenorhabditis elegans intestine. We also show that PrtV is essential for V. cholerae in the bacterial survival from grazing by the flagellate Cafeteria roenbergensis and the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis. The PrtV protein appears to have an indirect role in the interaction of V. cholerae with mammalian host cells as judged from tests with tight monolayers of human intestinal epithelial cells. Our results demonstrate a key role for PrtV in V. cholerae interaction with grazing predators, and we establish Caenorhabditis elegans as a convenient organism for identification of V. cholerae factors involved in host interactions and environmental persistence.
Multileaf collimator leaf sequencing algorithm for intensity modulated beams with multiple static segments (1998)

The "stop and shoot" method of producing intensity modulation using combinations of static multileaf collimator (MLC) segments has a number of advantages including precise dose delivery, easy verification, and general availability. However, due to the potential limitation of prolonged treatment time, it is essential to keep the number of required segments to a reasonable number. We propose an algorithm to minimize the number of segments for an intensity modulated field. In this algorithm, the sequence of delivery intensity is proposed to be a series of powers of 2, depending on the maximum intensity level in the matrix. The MLC leaf position sequence is designed directly on the two-dimensional intensity matrix to irradiate the largest possible area in each segment. The algorithm can be applied directly to MLC systems with different motion constraints. This algorithm has been evaluated by generating 1000 random 15 x 15 cm intensity matrices, each having from 3 to 16 intensity levels. Five clinical intensity modulated fields generated from the NOMOS CORVUS planning system for a complex clinical head and neck case were also tested with this and two other algorithms. The results of both the statistical and clinical studies showed that for all the intensity matrices tested, the proposed algorithm results in the smallest number of segments with a moderately increased monitor units. Thus it is well-suited for use in static MLC intensity modulation beam delivery. For MLC systems with interleaf motion constraint, we prove mathematically that this constraint reduces the tongue and groove effect at the expense of an increase of 25% in the number of segments.
Measuring the Pharmacodynamic Effects of a Novel Hsp90 Inhibitor on HER2/neu Expression in Mice Using 89Zr-DFO-Trastuzumab (2010)

The results indicate that (89)Zr-DFO-trastuzumab provides quantitative and highly-specific delineation of HER2/neu positive tumors, and has potential to be used to measure the efficacy of long-term treatment with Hsp90 inhibitors, like PU-H71, which display extended pharmacodynamic profiles.
Toxic Proteins in Neurodegenerative Disease (2002)

A broad range of neurodegenerative disorders is characterized by neuronal damage that may be caused by toxic, aggregation-prone proteins. As genes are identified for these disorders and cell culture and animal models are developed, it has become clear that a major effect of mutations in these genes is the abnormal processing and accumulation of misfolded protein in neuronal inclusions and plaques. Increased understanding of the cellular mechanisms for disposal of abnormal proteins and of the effects of toxic protein accumulation on neuronal survival may allow the development of rational, effective treatment for these disorders.
Building Internet Firewalls: Internet and Web Security (2000)

Building Internet Firewalls :Internet and Web security , Building Internet Firewalls :Internet and Web security , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
20. A chemotherapeutic comparison of the trypanocidal action of some aromatic diamidines (1942)

J. N. Ashley, H. J. Barber, A. J. Ewins, G. Newbery and A. D. H. Self, J. Chem. Soc., 1942, 103 DOI: 10.1039/JR9420000103
A Sulfur Tripod Glycoconjugate that Releases a High‐Affinity Copper Chelator in Hepatocytes (2012)

Released in the cell: Three N-acetylgalactosamine units, which recognize the asialoglycoprotein receptor, were tethered through disulfide bonds to the three coordinating thiol functions of a sulfur tripod ligand that has a high affinity for CuI (see scheme). The resulting glycoconjugate can be considered as a prodrug, because after uptake by hepatic cells the intracellular reducing glutathione (GSH) releases the high-affinity intracellular CuI chelator. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Plasminogen and tissue-type plasminogen activator bind to immobilized fibronectin. (1985)

Fibronectin immobilized onto polystyrene surface was found to bind plasminogen and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) but only slightly the urokinase type as determined using mono- and polyclonal antibodies against the activators. Of the defined fibronectin fragments tested, the Mr 120,000-140,000 fragment was found to bind both plasminogen and t-PA. Proteolytically modified plasminogen (Lys-plasminogen) bound considerably better than the native form (Glu-plasminogen). Experiments with 125I-plasminogen yielded Kd = 9.1 X 10(-8) M for the binding to immobilized fibronectin. The partially or completely inactive single-chain form of t-PA (pro-t-PA) bound considerably better than the activated two-chain form. Lysine at greater than 3 mM inhibited the binding of plasminogen. The interaction was independent of calcium ions. CaCl2 (greater than 0.5 mM) and NaCl (greater than 0.2 M) inhibited the binding of pro-t-PA and of t-PA. Fibronectin-bound t-PA retained its ability to activate plasminogen. The observed interactions may operate in directional proteolysis localizing plasminogen and plasminogen activator to degrade fibronectin-containing extracellular matrix including fibrin clots.
Flashy Science: Controlling Neural Function with Light (2005)

One of the most powerful means for studying the function of proteins, synapses, cells, and networks of cells is to control their activation in time and in space. Many commonly used approaches are inadequate for some experimental questions. Modulation of protein function by traditional genetic
Safety of Neratinib (HKI-272) in Combination with Capecitabine in Patients with Solid Tumors: A Phase 1/2 Study. (2009)

Abstract Background: Neratinib (HKI-272) is an oral irreversible pan-ErbB tyrosine kinase inhibitor that blocks downstream signaling of ErbB1, -2, and -4 by binding to the intracellular ATP binding sites of these receptors. Other available ErbB inhibitors include the ErbB2-specific monoclonal antibody trastuzumab and the reversible small molecule inhibitor lapatinib, which is directed against ErbB1 and -2. Neratinib may have advantages over other inhibitors because of its pan-ErbB inhibition and ability to irreversibly inhibit the intracellular tyrosine kinase domains. The objective of this ongoing multicenter, open-label, phase 1/2 study is to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and preliminary antitumor activity of neratinib in combination with capecitabine in patients with solid tumors.Material and Methods: Patients with advanced solid tumors are being enrolled in part 1 of this 2-part study to assess safety and tolerability (ie, adverse events and dose-limiting toxicities [DLTs]) and to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of neratinib in combination with capecitabine. Part 2 will further assess safety and tolerability, as well as objective response rates and pharmacokinetic parameters at the MTD in patients with metastatic or locally advanced ErbB2+ breast cancer. The dose escalation scheme for part 1 includes 3 ascending dose levels: neratinib 160 or 240 mg/day plus capecitabine 750 mg/m2 twice daily (bid) on days 1-14 of a 21-day cycle (levels 1 and 2) and neratinib 240 mg/day plus capecitabine 1,000 mg/m2 bid on days 1-14 of a 21-day cycle (level 3). Each patient participates at only 1 dose level. If dose level 1 is tolerated, but dose level 2 is not, an intermediate dose level of neratinib 200 mg plus capecitabine 750 mg/m2 bid can be evaluated as a potential MTD.Results: Data as of 1 May 2009 for patients treated at dose levels 1, 2, and 3 (n = 6, 5, and 4, respectively) are presented. Median (range) ages for patients at the respective dose levels were 46 (37-69), 56 (41-58), and 53 (39-80) years. Two DLTs have been observed at dose level 3; one patient each experienced grade 3 elevated alanine aminotransferase and grade 3 diarrhea. Common treatment-emergent adverse events (all grades, ≥10% of patients) included diarrhea (50.0%), nausea (25.0%), vomiting (25.0%), fatigue (16.7%), and pyrexia (16.7%). One patient at dose level 3 experienced a drug-related adverse event of grade ≥3 diarrhea. No patients have withdrawn from the study because of adverse events; 3 patients have died (disease progression, n = 3).Discussion: Based on preliminary results from part 1, the combination of neratinib and capecitabine was well tolerated. Accrual of patients will continue and a fourth cohort of patients (neratinib 200 mg/day plus capecitabine 1,000 mg/m2 bid) will be added to further evaluate this therapeutic combination and establish a recommended dose level for part 2 of this study and for future later-stage clinical studies. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 5108.
Homogeneous Noncompetitive Immunoassay Based on the Energy Transfer Between Fluorolabeled Antibody Variable Domains (Open Sandwich Fluoroimmunoassay) (1999)

The antigen-dependent stabilization of an anti-hen egg lysozyme (HEL) antibody HyHEL-10 variable region was monitored with fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between fluorolabeled heavy chain (VH) and light chain (VL) fragments. The VH and VL fragments labeled with succinimide esters of fluorescein and rhodamine-X, respectively, were mixed in a cooled cuvette, and the change in fluorescence spectra upon antigen addition was monitored. When excited at 490 nm, significant decrease in the fluorescence at 520 nm and its increase at 605 nm were observed when an increasing amount of HEL was added to the mixture in the concentration range of 1-100 micrograms/mL. The assay, named open sandwich fluoroimmunoassay (FIA), is noncompetitive and homogeneous and can be conducted with one clone of antibody. With the use of appropriate antibodies, it is thought to be a quick and inexpensive alternative to the conventional laborious and/or expensive immunoassays.
Water, sanitation and hygiene for the prevention of diarrhoea (2010)

We propose diarrhoea risk reductions of 48, 17 and 36%, associated respectively, with handwashing with soap, improved water quality and excreta disposal as the estimates of effect for the LiST model. Most of the evidence is of poor quality. More trials are needed, but the evidence is nonetheless strong enough to support the provision of water supply, sanitation and hygiene for all.
[Expression of alternatively spliced human tissue factor in acute leukemia cells]. (2011)

The high expression of tissue factor (TF) is related to the coagulation disorder in acute leukemia. TF in blood circulation is mainly expressed in cells, microparticles (MP) and alternatively spliced human tissue factor (asHTF). To elucidate the role of TF in the coagulation disorder of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), RT-PCR was performed on 6 common AML cell lines NB4, HL-60, Kasumi-1, U937, K562 and THP-1. The results showed that only NB4 and U937 cells expressed baseline full-length TF and asHTF which were proved by sequencing. The flow cytometric detection, TF activity and TF antigen tests in NB4 and U937 cells revealed that the asHTF was expressed in trace amount and almost had no activity, while the TF antigen and activity in microparticles were significantly higher than that in asHTF. It is concluded that asHTF may play an unimportant role in the coagulation disorder of AML. Microparticle associated tissue factor (MP-TF) is the predominant source of TF activity released from AML cells.
CD73 and adenosine generation in the creation of regulatory microenvironments (2012)

Extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) acts on many immune cells to promote inflammation. Conversely, the ATP metabolite adenosine is mainly an anti-inflammatory molecule. The ecto-enzymes CD39 and CD73 can dephosphorylate extracellular ATP to adenosine, thereby controlling this important pathway of immune modulation. Despite their established roles in the immune system, little is known of how CD39 and CD73 are themselves regulated. Recent data have shown that CD73 expression and adenosine generation are up-regulated by transforming growth factor-β, depending on the cytokine content of the local microenvironment. We review here these recent findings and discuss their implications in disease.