gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Designing and engineering time: the psychology of time perception in software (2008)

Build Applications, Websites, and Software Solutions that Feel Faster, More Efficient, and More Considerate of Users Time! One hidden factor powerfully influences the way users react to your software, hardware, User Interfaces (UI), or web applications: how those systems utilize users time. Now, drawing on the nearly 40 years of human computer interaction researchincluding his own pioneering workDr. Steven Seow presents state-of-the-art best practices for reflecting users subjective perceptions of time in your applications and hardware. Seow begins by introducing a simple model that explains how users perceive and expend time as they interact with technology. He offers specific guidance and recommendations related to several key aspects of time and timingincluding user tolerance, system responsiveness, progress indicators, completion time estimates, and more. Finally, he brings together proven techniques for impacting users perception of time drawn from multiple disciplines and industries, ranging from psychology to retail, animal research to entertainment. Discover how time and timing powerfully impact user perception, emotions, and behavior Systematically make your applications more considerate of users time Avoid common mistakes that consistently frustrate or infuriate users Manage user perceptions and tolerance, and build systems that are perceived as faster Optimize flow to make users feel more productive, empowered, and creative Make reasonable and informed tradeoffs that maximize limited development resources Learn how to test usability issues related to timeincluding actual vs. perceived task duration Designing and Engineering Time is for every technology developer, designer, engineer, architect, usability specialist, manager, and marketer. Using its insights and techniques, technical and non-technical professionals can work together to build systems and applications that provide far more valueand create much happier users. Steven C. Seow has a unique combination of experience in both experimental psychology and software usability. He joined Microsoft as a User Researcher after completing his Ph.D. in Experimental Psychology at Brown University with a research focus on human timing and information theory models of human performance. Seow holds Bachelors and Masters Degrees in Forensic Psychology from John Jay College of Criminal Justice, and wrote his masters thesis on distortions in time perception. For more information about Steven Seow and his research, visit his website at www.StevenSeow.com. informit.com/aw
EEG-based emotion recognition based on kernel Fisher's discriminant analysis and spectral powers (2014)

In this paper, a feature extraction method called kernel Fisher's emotion pattern (KFEP) based on the kernel Fisher's discriminant analysis and spectral powers of multiple EEG rhythms is proposed for emotion recognition. An emotion-induction paradigm is designed for emotional EEG data collection, where a set of pictures selected from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) are used as the emotion induction stimuli. Experimental results indicate that the KFEP feature performs better than the commonly used spectral power features. Our proposed KFEP achieves high classification accuracies of valence (78.49%) and arousal (81.93%).
Intrathymic Islet Transplantation in the Spontaneously Diabetic BB Rat (1991)

Recently it was demonstrated that pancreatic islet allografts transplanted to the thymus of rats made diabetic chemically are not rejected and induce specific unresponsiveness to subsequent extrathymic transplants. The authors report that the thymus can also serve as an effective islet transplantation site in spontaneously diabetic BB rats, in which autoimmunity and rejection can destroy islets. Intrathymic Lewis islet grafts consistently reversed hyperglycemia for more than 120 days in these rats, and in three of four recipients the grafts promoted subsequent survival of intraportal islets. In contrast intraportal islet allografts in naive BB hosts all failed rapidly. The authors also show that the immunologically privileged status of the thymus cannot prevent rejection of islet allografts in Wistar Furth (WF) rats sensitized with donor strain skin and that suppressor cells are not likely to contribute to the unresponsive state because adoptive transfer of spleen cells from WF rats bearing established intrathymic Lewis islets fails to prolong islet allograft survival in secondary hosts.
Passivation of copper by silicide formation in dilute silane (1992)

The formation of copper silicide by reaction of silane with sputtered copper films has been observed at temperatures as low as 300 °C. The growth kinetics have been monitored by both sheet resistance and x-ray diffraction techniques. Cu5Si is the first phase to form followed next by Cu3Si, coincident with the loss of the original copper layer. The silicide layer provides significant oxidation protection for the underlying copper up to 550 °C in air.
Inflammatory Markers and Onset of Cardiovascular Events (2003)

Findings suggest that inflammatory markers are independent predictors of cardiovascular events in older persons.
Relevance of cysteine residues for biosynthesis and antigenicity of human hepatitis B virus e protein (1993)

The mature form of the secretory core protein (HBe protein) of human hepatitis B virus contains four cysteines which are located at amino acid positions -7, 48, 61, and 107 relative to the HBc start methionine. In addition, there is a cysteine, Cys-183, located in the C-terminal domain of the HBe precursor, which is cleaved during HBe maturation. Here, the significance of these cysteines for biosynthesis and antigenicity of the HBe protein was examined. The cysteines at positions -7 and 61 were found to be crucial for HBe biosynthesis. As has already been described, if the Cys at position -7 is mutated, disulfide-linked HBe homodimers which have both HBe antigenicity and HBc antigenicity are expressed. Here we show that these dimers are due to Cys-61-Cys-61 disulfide bridges which are formed only if the Cys at position -7 is not present. In the wild-type protein, this dimerization appears to be inhibited by formation of intramolecular disulfide bridges between the Cys at -7 and one of the internal cysteines. Moreover, Cys-61 is important for HBe biosynthesis in general since mutation of this amino acid results in production of HBe proteins which are either only poorly secreted or possess a different antigenicity.
Defective Calmodulin-Mediated Nuclear Transport of the Sex-Determining Region of the Y Chromosome (SRY) in XY Sex Reversal (2005)

The sex-determining region of the Y chromosome (SRY) plays a key role in human sex determination, as mutations in SRY can cause XY sex reversal. Although some SRY missense mutations affect DNA binding and bending activities, it is unclear how others contribute to disease. The high mobility group domain of SRY has two nuclear localization signals (NLS). Sex-reversing mutations in the NLSs affect nuclear import in some patients, associated with defective importin-beta binding to the C-terminal NLS (c-NLS), whereas in others, importin-beta recognition is normal, suggesting the existence of an importin-beta-independent nuclear import pathway. The SRY N-terminal NLS (n-NLS) binds calmodulin (CaM) in vitro, and here we show that this protein interaction is reduced in vivo by calmidazolium, a CaM antagonist. In calmidazolium-treated cells, the dramatic reduction in nuclear entry of SRY and an SRY-c-NLS mutant was not observed for two SRY-n-NLS mutants. Fluorescence spectroscopy studies reveal an unusual conformation of SRY.CaM complexes formed by the two n-NLS mutants. Thus, CaM may be involved directly in SRY nuclear import during gonadal development, and disruption of SRY.CaM recognition could underlie XY sex reversal. Given that the CaM-binding region of SRY is well-conserved among high mobility group box proteins, CaM-dependent nuclear import may underlie additional disease states.
Thermal dosimetry predictive of efficacy of 111In-ChL6 nanoparticle AMF--induced thermoablative therapy for human breast cancer in mice. (2007)

mAb-guided bioprobes (iron oxide nanoparticles) effectively targeted human breast cancer xenografts in mice. THD, calculated using empirically observed (111)In-bioprobe tumor concentration and in vitro nanoparticle heat induction by AMF, correlated with tumor growth delay.
The Electronegativity of Groups (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Electronegativity of GroupsJames E. HuheeyCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1965, 69, 10, 3284–3291Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100894a011https://doi.org/10.1021/j100894a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3195Altmetric-Citations452LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
D‐enantiomer peptide of the TCRa transmembrane domain inhibits T‐cell activation in vitro and in vivo (2005)

T cell activation requires the cross-talk between the CD3-signaling complex and the T cell receptor (TCR). A synthetic peptide coding for the TCRalpha transmembrane domain (CP) binds CD3 molecules, interferes with the CD3/TCR cross-talk, and inhibits T cell activation. Intermolecular interactions are sterically constrained; accordingly no sequence-specific interactions are thought to occur between D- and L-stereoisomers. This argument was recently challenged when applied to intra-membrane protein assembly. In this paper we studied the ability of a D-stereoisomer of CP (D-CP) to inhibit T cell activation. L-CP and D-CP co-localized with the TCR in the membrane and inhibited T cell activation in a sequence-specific manner. In vivo, both L-CP and D-CP inhibited adjuvant arthritis. In molecular terms, these results suggest the occurrence of structural reorientation that facilitates native-like interactions between D-CP and CD3 within the membrane. In clinical terms, our results demonstrate that D-stereoisomers retain the therapeutic properties of their L-stereoisomers, while they benefit from an increased resistance to degradation.
Effect of prenatal and prepubertal genistein exposure on N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary tumorigenesis in female Sprague-Dawley rats. (2004)

The majority of the mammary carcinomas in the present study were hormone-dependent. The present findings suggest that administration of genistein in the perinatal period has protective effects against MNU-induced mammary carcinoma in Sprague-Dawley rats, via reduction of levels of ER alpha- and/or PgR-positive cells (presumed progenitor cells of mammary carcinomas), p63-positive mammary progenitor/stem cells (involved in cell renewal) and PCNA-positive cells (necessary for cell proliferation).
The Generation of Neuronal Heterogeneity in a Rat Sensory Ganglion (1997)

Adult sensory neurons differ chemically, morphologically, and functionally, but the factors that generate their diversity remain unclear. For example, neuropeptides are generally found in small neurons, whereas abundant neurofilament is common in large neurons. Neurons containing the neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or substance P were quantified using immunohistochemistry in rat lumbar dorsal root ganglion (DRG) at times before and after sensory neurons contact central and peripheral targets in vivo. No neurons in the newly formed DRG expressed neuropeptide or neuropeptide mRNA, but neuropeptides were detectable about the time that axons connect with peripheral targets. To determine the requirement for target in neuropeptide regulation, embryonic DRG neurons were isolated at times before central and peripheral connections had formed, placed in culture, and immunocytochemically assayed for CGRP and substance P. Cultured neurons expressed neuropeptides with a time course and in proportions similar to those in vivo. Thus, some neurons in the embryonic DRG seem to be intrinsically specified to later express CGRP and substance P. The percentage of CGRP-immunoreactive neurons was not changed by cell density, non-neuronal cells, neurotrophins in addition to nerve growth factor (NGF), or antibody inactivation of neurotrophin-3 in the presence of NGF. To test the role of extrinsic cues on CGRP expression, DRG neurons were co-cultured with potential target tissues. Co-culture with a rat epidermal or smooth muscle cell line increased the proportion of CGRP-containing neurons, whereas primary skeletal muscle and 3T3 cells had no effects. Thus, multiple appropriate sensory neuron phenotypes arise in a regulated fashion in cultured neurons isolated before target connections have formed, and some candidate target tissues can modulate that intrinsic expression pattern.
Microtubule Stabilization in Pressure Overload Cardiac Hypertrophy (1997)

Increased microtubule density, for which microtubule stabilization is one potential mechanism, causes contractile dysfunction in cardiac hypertrophy. After microtubule assembly, alpha-tubulin undergoes two, likely sequential, time-dependent posttranslational changes: reversible carboxy-terminal detyrosination (Tyr-tubulin left and right arrow Glu-tubulin) and then irreversible deglutamination (Glu-tubulin --> Delta2-tubulin), such that Glu- and Delta2-tubulin are markers for long-lived, stable microtubules. Therefore, we generated antibodies for Tyr-, Glu-, and Delta2-tubulin and used them for staining of right and left ventricular cardiocytes from control cats and cats with right ventricular hypertrophy. Tyr- tubulin microtubule staining was equal in right and left ventricular cardiocytes of control cats, but Glu-tubulin and Delta2-tubulin staining were insignificant, i.e., the microtubules were labile. However, Glu- and Delta2-tubulin were conspicuous in microtubules of right ventricular cardiocytes from pressure overloaded cats, i.e., the microtubules were stable. This finding was confirmed in terms of increased microtubule drug and cold stability in the hypertrophied cells. In further studies, we found an increase in a microtubule binding protein, microtubule-associated protein 4, on both mRNA and protein levels in pressure-hypertrophied myocardium. Thus, microtubule stabilization, likely facilitated by binding of a microtubule-associated protein, may be a mechanism for the increased microtubule density characteristic of pressure overload cardiac hypertrophy.
Purification of Recombinant Human B-Domain-Deleted Factor VIII Using Anti-Factor VIII Monoclonal Antibody Selected by the Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor (2001)

The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor measures the real-time kinetics of noncovalent interaction between a receptor and its ligand. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) were screened from 127 mAb candidates using the SPR biosensor for the purpose of affinity purification of rFVIII. Each mAb showed a different association and dissociation capacity for rFVIII at each buffer condition. One mAb, F8-38, was selected for immunopurification of rFVIII. To characterize the selected mAb F8-38, the immunopurification results on the anti-FVIII mAb F8-38 affinity gel and the anti-von Willebrand factor (vWF) mAb affinity gel were studied. Immunopurification by the anti-vWF affinity gel showed a lower binding capacity of rFVIII and resulted in low purification efficiency. On the other hand, immunopurification by the anti-FVIII affinity gel exhibited a 3.5-fold binding capacity and a 2-fold purification efficiency compared to those of the anti-vWF affinity gel. The amounts of proteins and DNAs derived from host cells and mouse IgGs derived from the affinity matrix in the affinity eluate were similar to those of the anti-vWF affinity gel. In conclusion, the SPR method of immunopurification is a useful technology in the screening of mAbs aimed at the development of an affinity purification procedure, and the mAb F8-38 was selected using this technology on the basis of the purification procedure of rFVIII.
Characterization of Vaginal Flora and Bacterial Vaginosis in Women Who Have Sex with Women (2002)

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) may be common among women who report having sex with women (WSW) and frequently occurs in both members of monogamous couples. The results of Gram staining of a vaginal smear were consistent with BV in 81 (25%) and intermediate in 37 (11%) of 326 WSW included in this study. Lactobacilli were detected in 64% of subjects, and 42% of subjects had H(2)O(2)-producing strains. BV was associated with a higher lifetime number of female sex partners, failure to always clean an insertive sex toy before use, and oral-anal sex with female partners. Neither recent douching nor sexual practices with male partners were associated with BV. Vaginal smears from each partner were concordant in 55 (95%) of 58 monogamous couples; BV was present in both partners in 16 couples (28%) (P<.001, compared with expected distribution). BV was common among subjects who did not douche, who did not have concurrent sex with male partners, or who did not have a new sex partner, which suggests that other risk factors for BV exist. These data support the hypothesis that sexual exchange of vaginal secretions is a possible mechanism for acquisition of BV.
Long‐term functional adeno‐associated virus‐microdystrophin expression in the dystrophic CXMDj dog (2011)

The data obtained in the present study suggest that the use of canine-specific and mRNA sequence-optimized microdystrophin genes in conjunction with a muscle-specific promoter results in high and stable levels of microdystrophin expression in a canine model of DMD. This approach will potentially allow the reduction of dosage and contribute towards the development of a safe and effective AAV gene therapy clinical trial protocol for DMD.
Client-Side Defense Against Web-Based Identity Theft. (2004)

Web spoofing is a significant problem involving fraudulent email and web sites that trick unsuspecting users into revealing private information. We discuss some aspects of common attacks and propose a framework for client-side defense: a browser plug-in that examines web pages and warns the user when requests for data may be part of a spoof attack. While the plugin, SpoofGuard, has been tested using actual sites obtained through government agencies concerned about the problem, we expect that web spoofing and other forms of identity theft will be continuing problems in coming years. 1
Measurement of Left Atrial Pressure is a Good Predictor of Freedom From Atrial Fibrillation (2014)

Within a mean follow-up of 303±95 days, 60% of the patients maintained in sinus rhythm after the initial procedure and 78% after repeated PVI. Performing univariate Cox-regression analysis, type of AF, LA-volume (LAV), mLAP and the meLAP were significant predictors of recurrence after PVI (p=0.03; p=0.001; p=0.01). In multivariate analysis mLAP>18mmHg, LAV>100 ml and the presence of persistent AF were significant predictors (p=0.001; p=0.019; p=0.017). The mLAP >18 mmHg was associated with a hazard ratio of 3.8. Analyzing receiver-operator characteristics, the area under the curve for mLAP was 0.75 (p<0.01). mLAP >18 mmHg predicts recurrence with a sensitivity of 77 % and specificity of 60 %. There was a linear correlation between the LAV from MDCT and mLAP (p = 0.01, R2 = 0.61). The mLAP measured invasively displays a significant predictor for AF recurrence after PVI. There is a good correlation between LAP and LAV and both factors may be useful to quantify LA remodeling.
Integrated analysis of experimental data sets reveals many novel promoters in 1% of the human genome (2007)

The regulation of transcriptional initiation in the human genome is a critical component of global gene regulation, but a complete catalog of human promoters currently does not exist. In order to identify regulatory regions, we developed four computational methods to integrate 129 sets of ENCODE-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation data. They collectively predicted 1393 regions. Roughly 47% of the regions were unique to one method, as each method makes different assumptions about the data. Overall, predicted regions tend to localize to highly conserved, DNase I hypersensitive, and actively transcribed regions in the genome. Interestingly, a significant portion of the regions overlaps with annotated 3'-UTRs, suggesting that some of them might regulate anti-sense transcription. The majority of the predicted regions are >2 kb away from the 5'-ends of previously annotated human cDNAs and hence are novel. These novel regions may regulate unannotated transcripts or may represent new alternative transcription start sites of known genes. We tested 163 such regions for promoter activity in four cell lines using transient transfection assays, and 25% of them showed transcriptional activity above background in at least one cell line. We also performed 5'-RACE experiments on 62 novel regions, and 76% of the regions were associated with the 5'-ends of at least two RACE products. Our results suggest that there are at least 35% more functional promoters in the human genome than currently annotated.
Glucocorticoids Antagonize Ap-1 by Inhibiting the Activation/Phosphorylation of Jnk without Affecting Its Subcellular Distribution (2000)

The immunosuppressive and antiinflammatory actions of glucocorticoid hormones are mediated by their transrepression of activating protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NFkappaB) transcription factors. Inhibition of the c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway, the main mediator of AP-1 activation, has been described in extracts of hormone-treated cells. Here, we show by confocal laser microscopy, enzymatic assays, and immunoblotting that the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone inhibited tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced phosphorylation and activation of JNK in the cytoplasm and nucleus of intact HeLa cells. As a result, c-Jun NH(2)-terminal domain phosphorylation and induction were impaired. Dexamethasone did not block the TNF-alpha-induced JNK nuclear translocation, but rather induced, per se, nuclear accumulation of the enzyme. Consistently with previous findings, a glucocorticoid receptor mutant (GRdim), which is deficient in dimerization, DNA binding, and transactivation, but retains AP-1 transrepressing activity, was as efficient as wild-type GR in mediating the same effects of dexamethasone on JNK in transfected Cos-7 cells. Our results show that glucocorticoids antagonize the TNF-alpha-induced activation of AP-1 by causing the accumulation of inactive JNK without affecting its subcellular distribution.