gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A shared‐memory virtual channel queue for ATM broadband terminal adaptors (1992)

Abstract In order to take advantage of the low entry cost of the future public ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) network with shared facilities, it is highly desirable to interconnect different hosts and local area networks (LANs) to the ATM network. The interface between the computer hosts or LANs and the ATM network, commonly called a broadband terminal adaptor (BTA), provides the necessary format conversion for the data packets and the ATM cells. It is conceivable that multiple packets from different virtual channels are interleaved as they arrive at the receive‐end BTA. The BTA must have a sufficiently large buffer, called a virtual channel queue (VCQ), to temporarily store the partially received packets. Once a complete packet has been received, it is forwarded to the host or LAN. Whenever the buffer fills with all incomplete packets, a packet must be discarded to make room for others. In this paper, we first study, through computer simulations, the buffer size requirement of a shared‐memory VCQ for different numbers of virtual channels at various packet loss probabilities. We then present two different implementation architectures for the shared‐memory VCQ, and compare their hardware complexity. The second architecture with linked‐queue approach, adopted in our work, requires less buffer and has better scalability to accommodate a large number of virtual channels. Various possible error conditions, such as cell losses in the ATM network and the VCQ buffer overflow, are considered. Corresponding solutions are proposed and included in the VCQ designs.
Recovery ofChlamydia pneumoniae, in six patients with otitis media with effusion (1992)

Six cases of otitis media with effusion associated with Chlamydia pneumoniae, a currently recognized respiratory tract pathogen, are presented. The organism was isolated from the middle ear fluids and serological evidence confirmed it as the infectious agent. The study population is small; however, these reports suggest C. pneumoniae as a causative agent of middle ear diseases.
Integration of engineered cartilage (2001)

The structure and function of cartilaginous constructs, engineered in vitro using bovine articular chondrocytes, biodegradable scaffolds and bioreactors, can be modulated by the conditions and duration of tissue cultivation. We hypothesized that the integrative properties of engineered cartilage depend on developmental stage of the construct and the extracellular matrix content of adjacent cartilage, and that some aspects of integration can be studied under controlled in vitro conditions. Disc-shaped constructs (cultured for 5+/-1 days or 5+/-1 weeks) or explants (untreated or trypsin treated cartilage) were sutured into ring-shaped explants (untreated or trypsin treated cartilage) to form composites that were cultured for an additional 1-8 weeks in bioreactors and evaluated biochemically, histologically and mechanically (compressive stiffness of the central disk, adhesive strength of the integration interface). Immature constructs had poorer mechanical properties but integrated better than either more mature constructs or cartilage explants. Integration of immature constructs involved cell proliferation and the progressive formation of cartilaginous tissue, in contrast to the integration of more mature constructs or native cartilage which involved only the secretion of extracellular matrix components. Integration patterns correlated with the adhesive strength of the disc-ring interface, which was markedly higher for immature constructs than for either more mature constructs or cartilage explants. Trypsin treatment of the adjacent cartilage further enhanced the integration of immature constructs.
Clustered OFDM with transmitter diversity and coding (2002)

Multipath delay spread in a radio environment can severely limit the maximum transmission rate. Multicarrier transmission, in particular OFDM, and a single-carrier system with equalization, often proposed as techniques for overcoming these limitations, present practical difficulties which can restrict their application. In a wireless LAN/ATM application, the desire to transmit short packets requires fast start-up, so the potentially long time required to train an equalizer could limit its usefulness. On the other hand, while OFDM requires very little training, it is burdened with a large peak-to-average power ratio which requires the use of highly linear amplifiers. In this paper, we describe a new approach to OFDM where subchannels are clustered into several smaller blocks and transmitted over separate (ideally, independent) antennas. A single receive antenna is used to demodulate the entire OFDM signal. This approach reduces the peak-to-average power ratio, minimizes the receiver training required, and increases the effectiveness of coding across frequencies.
Biological function of the dTDP-rhamnose synthesis pathway in Streptococcus mutans (1997)

We have cloned a new gene locus that comprises three genes concerned with the biosynthesis of the serotype c-specific polysaccharide antigen in Streptococcus mutans. The genes encode proteins exhibiting significant homology to the rfbA, rfbB, and rfbD gene products that are involved in the anabolism of dTDP-L-rhamnose from D-glucose-1-phosphate. This anabolism pathway pertains to biosynthesis of the O antigen of lipopolysaccharide in gram-negative bacteria. The cell extract of Escherichia coli expressing each of the cloned genes of S. mutans exhibited enzymatic activity corresponding to the homologous counterpart of the rfb gene products. Rhamnose was not detected in the cell wall preparation purified from the mutant in which each of the three cloned genes was insertionally inactivated. Rabbit antiserum against S. mutans serotype c-specific antigen did not react with the autoclaved extracts from these mutants. These results indicate that the gene products identified in the present study are involved in the dTDP-L-rhamnose synthesis pathway and that the pathway relates to the biosynthesis of the serotype-specific polysaccharide antigen of S. mutans. Southern hybridization analysis revealed that genes homologous to the cloned genes involved in the dTDP-L-rhamnose synthesis pathway were widely distributed in a variety of streptococci. This is the first report of the biological function of the dTDP-rhamnose pathway in streptococci.
Complement Factor I Deficiency Associated With Recurrent Meningitis Coinciding With Menstruation (2001)

For the first time to our knowledge, these data present an unusual relationship between meningitis episodes and menstruation in factor I immunodeficiency.
Proteomic-Based Biomarker Discovery with Emphasis on Cerebrospinal Fluid and Multiple Sclerosis (2006)

Discovery of disease specific biomarkers in human body fluids has become an important challenge in clinical proteomics. Facing the increasing threat of degenerative and disabling diseases like cancer, cardiovascular, neurological and inflammatory diseases in large parts of the world's population, there is an urgent need to improve early diagnostics. In this review we discuss possibilities and limitations connected to using mass spectrometry based proteomics in the search for novel biomarkers, with focus on multiple sclerosis as a typical representative for the large group of non-curable degenerative and disabling disease with the lack of specific tests for early diagnosis. Careful control of the pre-analytical phase including sampling, storage and fractionation of samples, in addition to a thoroughly considered patient selection, is important in order to avoid false biomarkers to appear in the resulting mass spectra. Furthermore, advanced computational tools are needed in order to discover potential biomarkers from the enormous data amounts generated by the mass spectrometers. The development of such computer tools is a research field currently in the start phase and could prove to be a bottle neck in the biomarker discovery the next years. Therefore, a rather detailed review of the most used computational and pre-analytical methods is given in this review. Mass spectrometry based biomarker discovery is undoubtedly still in its early infancy. However, in light of the potential of this technology to provide deep coverage of the body fluid proteomes, it will certainly consolidate its role in developing molecular medicine into clinical practice.
Synthesis of amidrazones using an engineered papain nitrile hydratase1 (1998)

To demonstrate the usefulness of an engineered papain nitrile hydratase as a biocatalyst, a peptide amidrazone was prepared by incubation of the nitrile MeOCO-Phe-Alanitrile with the Gln19Glu papain mutant in the presence of salicylic hydrazide as a nucleophile. The amidrazone results from nucleophilic attack by salicylic hydrazide at the imino carbon of the thioimidate adduct formed between the enzyme and the peptide nitrile substrate. Compared to wild-type enzyme, the engineered nitrile hydratase causes a better than 4000-fold increase in the rate of amidrazone formation and yields a product of much higher purity. The advantages over other nitrile-hydrolyzing enzymes and current limitations of the papain nitrile hydratase are discussed.
How the gut senses its content (2002)

for a human adult. These surfaces are covered by thin epi- thelial layers that are protected from potentially harmful microorganisms by innate and adaptive defence mecha- nisms. Intestinal mucosal surfaces are in continuous contact with a heterogeneous population of microorgan- isms of the endogenous flora (up to 10 11-12 per g of lumenal material in the colon) and are exposed to food and microbes. A major role for the mucosal epithelia is in barrier function, essential for preventing colonization or invasion of the host by foreign microorganisms. Epithelial tissues also provide the mucosal immune system with a continuous stream of information about the external envi- ronment. Depending on the nature and the dose of the antigens transported from the gut lumen into mucosal lym- phoid tissues, strong immune responses or unresponsive- ness can be induced. Immune responses participate in the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms, while immune tolerance prevents harmful reactions against the gut flora and food antigens. The type of immune response triggered by environmental antigens appears to depend, in part, on initial recognition by the innate immune system. Recent data underscore the importance of innate immunity in sensing the microbial environment and the role of the epithelium in releasing signals that allow recruitment of pro-inflammatory leucocytes, immune cells, or both. We shall review these various aspects of mucosal immunity, with special emphasis on the cross talk that takes place between the microflora, the epithelium and the immune cells in the gut.
Functional domains of the floral regulator AGAMOUS: characterization of the DNA binding domain and analysis of dominant negative mutations. (1996)

The Arabidopsis MADS box gene AGAMOUS (AG) controls reproductive organ identity and floral meristem determinacy. The AG protein binds in vitro to DNA sequences similar to the targets of known MADS domain transcription factors. Whereas most plant MADS domain proteins begin with the MADS domain, AG and its orthologs contain a region N-terminal to the MADS domain. All plant MADS domain proteins share another region with moderate sequence similarity called the K domain. Neither the region (I region) that lies between the MADS and K domains nor the C-terminal region is conserved. We show here that the AG MADS domain and the I region are necessary and sufficient for DNA binding in vitro and that AG binds to DNA as a dimer. To investigate the in vivo function of the regions of AG not required for in vitro DNA binding, we introduced several AG constructs into wild-type plants and characterized their floral phenotypes. We show that transgenic Arabidopsis plants with a 35S-AG construct encoding an AG protein lacking the N-terminal region produced apetala 2 (ap2)-like flowers similar to those ectopically expressing AG proteins retaining the N-terminal region. This result suggests that the N-terminal region is not required to produce the ap2-like phenotype. In addition, transformants with a 35S-AG construct encoding an AG protein lacking the C-terminal region produced ag-like flowers, indicating that this truncated AG protein inhibits normal AG function. Finally, transformants with a 35S-AG construct encoding an AG protein lacking both K and C regions produced flowers with more stamens and carpels. The phenotypes of the AG transformants demonstrate that both the K domain and the C-terminal region have important and distinct in vivo functions. We discuss possible mechanisms through which AG may regulate downstream genes.
Design and Application of Compact and Highly Tolerant Polarization-Independent Waveguides (2007)

In this paper, the design, fabrication, and application of a highly tolerant polarization-independent optical-waveguide structure suited for operation in the third communication window is presented. The waveguide structure has been optimized toward minimized sensitivity to technological tolerances and low fabrication complexity. The tolerance analysis has been based on the typical processing tolerances of the widely applied silicon-oxynitride technology, being plusmn3times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> in refractive index, plusmn1% in thickness, and plusmn0.1 mum in channel width. The optimized waveguide design fulfills the criterion of a channel birefringence within 5times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> , including processing tolerance. It also enables a fiber-to-chip coupling loss below 1 dB/facet and is suited for the realization of low-loss bends with a radius down to 600 mum. Based on this waveguide design, a passband-flattened optical wavelength filter with 50-GHz free spectral range has been realized and tested. The measured TE-TM shift of 0.03 nm confirms the polarization dependence of the optical waveguides being as low as 3times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup>
A striking similarity in the organization of the E-selectin and beta interferon gene promoters. (1994)

Transcription of the endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (E-selectin or ELAM-1) gene is induced by the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). In this report, we identify four positive regulatory domains (PDI to PDIV) in the E-selectin promoter that are required for maximal levels of TNF-alpha induction in endothelial cells. In vitro DNA binding studies reveal that two of the domains contain novel adjacent binding sites for the transcription factor NF-kappa B (PDIII and PDIV), a third corresponds to a recently described CRE/ATF site (PDII), and a fourth is a consensus NF-kappa B site (PDI). Mutations that decrease the binding of NF-kappa B to any one of the NF-kappa B binding sites in vitro abolished cytokine-induced E-selectin gene expression in vivo. Previous studies demonstrated a similar correlation between ATF binding to PDII and E-selectin gene expression. Here we show that the high-mobility-group protein I(Y) [HMG I(Y)] also binds specifically to the E-selectin promoter and thereby enhances the binding of both ATF-2 and NF-kappa B to the E-selectin promoter in vitro. Moreover, mutations that interfere with HMG I(Y) binding decrease the level of cytokine-induced E-selectin expression. The organization of the TNF-alpha-inducible element of the E-selectin promoter is remarkably similar to that of the virus-inducible promoter of the human beta interferon gene in that both promoters require NF-kappa B, ATF-2, and HMG I(Y). We propose that HMG I(Y) functions as a key architectural component in the assembly of inducible transcription activation complexes on both promoters.
An Operational Supramolecular Nanovalve (2004)

A functioning nanomachine in the form of a supramolecular nanovalve that opens and closes the orifices to molecular-sized pores and releases a small number of molecules on demand is reported. The nanovalve, which is used to open and close the nanocontainer, is a pseudorotaxane composed of two components-a long thread containing a 1,5-dioxnaphthalene donor unit, which is attached to the solid support, and the moving part, the tetracationic cyclophane acceptor/receptor, cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene), which controls access to the interior of the nanopore. The nanocontainer is made out of mesoporous silica by using a dip-coating method. Operating the nanovalve involves three steps: (i) filling the container, (ii) closing the valve, and (iii) opening the valve to release the contents of the container on demand. The tubular pores, which are approximately 2 nm wide, are filled with stable luminescent Ir(ppy)3 molecules by allowing them to diffuse into the open pores. The orifices are then closed by pseudorotaxane formation. An external reducing reagent (NaCNBH3) is used to effect dethreading of the pseudorotaxane so as to unlock the tubes and allow the guest molecules to be released. This nanovalve is a supramolecular machine consisting of a solid framework with moving parts capable of doing useful work.
Real‐time polymerase chain reaction quantification of human cytomegalovirus and Epstein‐Barr virus in periodontal pockets and the adjacent gingiva of periodontitis lesions (2005)

The elevated occurrence of HCMV and EBV DNA copies in periodontal pockets and in the gingival tissue of aggressive periodontitis lesions relative to chronic periodontitis lesions, and the increase in herpesvirus counts with increasing severity of periodontitis lend substantial support to a periodontopathic role of the two viruses. Real-time PCR determination of herpesvirus DNA in periodontal sites may become a promising marker to monitor the course of destructive periodontal disease. Herpesviruses and bacteria, now mostly studied in isolation, may cooperate synergistically in the development of periodontitis, and should probably be considered as a pathogenetic consortium in future investigations of periodontal infections.
In vivo detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus RNA by in situ hybridization at different times postinfection (1996)

We studied the distribution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) RNA in tissues by in situ hybridization at different times postinfection (p.i.). The probe used for in situ hybridization was prepared by reverse transcription of PRRSV RNA, followed by PCR amplification of the cDNA. The sequence amplified corresponded to 433 bp from PRRSV open reading frame 7, which is contained in the nucleocapsid protein gene and which is highly conserved in both European and American strains (H. Mardassi, L. Wilson, S. Mounir, and S. Dea, J. Clin. Microbiol. 32:2197-2203, 1994). An immunohistochemical technique was used to detect PRRSV antigen in tissue from virus-infected animals by using a monoclonal antibody specific for the PRRSV nucleocapsid protein (E.A. Nelson, J. Christopher-Hennings, T. Drew, G. Wensvoort, J.E. Collins, and D.A. Benfield, J. Clin. Microbiol. 31:3184-3189, 1993). The detection of PRRSV RNA was conducted in tissues of 6-week-old pigs that had been infected with one of three different field PRRSV isolates and collected at times ranging from 4 to 42 days p.i. Hybridization signals specific for PRRSV RNA were detected in lung, lymphoid tissues, alveolar macrophages (obtained by lavage at the time of necropsy), Peyer's patches, and kidney. The PRRSV-positive cells in these tissues appeared to be predominantly macrophages. In lung tissue we also obtained evidence suggesting the involvement of type II pneumocytes in the replication of PRRSV. During the acute period of infection there was a close correlation between the detection of RNA and the detection of nucleocapsid protein in individual cells. At later times p.i. (28 and 42 days p.i.), instead, more cells containing only PRRSV RNA than those containing PRRSV RNA and also expressing PRRSV nucleocapsid protein were detected. These results suggest that PRRSV RNA might persist in the tissues of infected animals for a longer time than PRRSV antigen expression.
Integration of III–V materials and Si-CMOS through double layer transfer process (2015)

A method to integrate III–V compound semiconductor and SOI-CMOS on a common Si substrate is demonstrated. The SOI-CMOS layer is temporarily bonded on a Si handle wafer. Another III–V/Si substrate is then bonded to the SOI-CMOS containing handle wafer. Finally, the handle wafer is released to realize the SOI-CMOS on III–V/Si hybrid structure on a common substrate. Through this method, high temperature III–V materials growth can be completed without the presence of the temperature sensitive CMOS layer, hence damage to the CMOS layer is avoided.
Structures of self-assembled monolayer films of organosulfur compounds adsorbed on gold single crystals: electron diffraction studies (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructures of self-assembled monolayer films of organosulfur compounds adsorbed on gold single crystals: electron diffraction studiesLou Strong and George M. WhitesidesCite this: Langmuir 1988, 4, 3, 546–558Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00081a009https://doi.org/10.1021/la00081a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3790Altmetric-Citations658LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High quality factor parylene-based intraocular pressure sensor (2012)

A new concept of the intraocular pressure (IOP) sensor design and its implantation approach are presented in this paper. A parylene-based sensing part with about 30 μm in thickness was fabricated, and then integrated with an implantation tube attached to sensor's backside pressure access hole. During the implantation, only the implantation tube was implanted into the anterior chamber to fulfill minimally invasive implantation. The IOP sensor membrane is thin and flexible so that it can attach to the cornea. Because the sensing area was exposed outside to the air all the time, the quality factor can be kept at 27-30 to maintain the sensing distance during the whole testing pressure range. The sensitivity is obtained as high as 542 ppm/mmHg while the responsivity is about 205 kHz/mmHg, which is suitable for biomedical applications.
Cytokine profiles of cultured microvascular endothelial cells from the human intestine (1998)

These data demonstrate that the intestinal microvascular endothelium may contribute to the cytokine network of the intestinal mucosa with the ability to respond to locally generated cytokines and to produce potent inflammatory mediators.