gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Logic gates and memory cells based on single C60electromechanical transistors (2001)

The equivalent electrical circuit of a single C60 electromechanical transistor in a planar lay-out is presented using its experimental STM characteristics. This circuit is used to demonstrate that such a hybrid molecular electronic device can be used as a class A amplifier, a NOT or NOR gate and to implement an SRAM memory point. All the devices are simulated using the SPICE routine to find their optimum load resistance and cantilever grid size. The class A amplifier can operate with a cut-off frequency of a few gigahertz while the logic gate and memory are limited to a few tens of megahertz, but for a very small power design in the picowatt range.
Use of the Teleost Saccule to Identify Genes Involved in Inner Ear Function (1995)

The vertebrate inner ear sensory epithelia contain different types of hair cells and supporting cells. The teleost saccule is anatomically similar to the mammalian saccule and is primarily involved in the detection of translational acceleration and orientation with respect to gravity. To facilitate molecular studies of the teleost saccule cDNA libraries were constructed from microdissected Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill sunfish) saccular maculae. To our knowledge, this is the first report of cDNA libraries constructed from the saccule. In one instance, a non-polymerase chain reaction-based method of amplifying a mRNA population from limited amounts of starting tissue was employed that allowed construction of cDNA libraries from nanogram amounts of tissue mRNA. Conventional cDNA libraries were constructed from the sunfish saccular maculae as well. These cDNA libraries enriched in hair cell and supporting cell transcripts should facilitate molecular biological studies of inner ear sensory epithelia. As an example of their utility, efforts to identify tyrosine kinases expressed in the saccular endorgan using low-stringency hybridization screening of these cDNA libraries and the partial sequence of a cDNA found to encode an erbB-2-related tyrosine kinase are also reported.
Examples (2000)

In this chapter, we will demonstrate the use of our theory of processes for small real world examples. We will present a specification language and a prototypical implementation of a subset, and we will apply both to application processes.
Parasitic BJT Read Method for High-Performance Capacitorless 1T-DRAM Mode in Unified RAM (2009)

A high-performance unified RAM without soft programming is demonstrated on a fully depleted FinFET structure. An oxide/nitride/oxide gate dielectric is integrated in a floating-body FinFET, thereby providing the versatile functions of nonvolatile Flash memory and high-speed capacitorless 1T-DRAM. A new read method involving the utilization of a parasitic bipolar junction transistor is employed for the capacitorless 1T-DRAM mode. This manner provides nondestructive reading and a high sensing current window (DeltaI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</sub> > 45 muA). As the nitride traps are filled with holes before activating the capacitorless 1T-DRAM mode, an undesirable contribution of hole trapping on a threshold voltage shift, i.e., soft programming, is inhibited without sacrificing the sensing current window.
Solid phase microextraction : theory and practice (1997)

Solid Phase Microextraction: Theory and Practice Janusz Pawliszyn Solid phase microextraction (SPME) is a recently proposed solvent-free sampling and sample preparation technique. SPME represents a quick, sensitive, and economical approach that can be adopted for field work and can be easily integrated with present analytical instrumentation into an automation process. Written by the inventor of the technique, Solid Phase Microextraction: Theory and Practice describes the theoretical and practical aspects of this new technology, which received an RD* Experiments for beginners;* A summary of the practical applications of SPME in environmental, food, pharmaceutical, and forensic settings;* Material suitable for SPME courses or self-guided study.
Low Free Testosterone Concentration as a Potentially Treatable Cause of Depressive Symptoms in Older Men (2008)

A free testosterone concentration in the lowest quintile is associated with a higher prevalence of depression, and this association cannot be adequately explained by physical comorbidity. A randomized controlled trial is required to determine whether the link between low free testosterone level and depression is causal because older men with depression may benefit from systematic screening of free testosterone concentration and testosterone supplementation.
Saccade Abnormalities in Autopsy-Confirmed Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration and Alzheimer Disease (2012)

Decreased visually guided saccade velocity and gain are suggestive of underlying tau pathology in FTD, with vertical saccade abnormalities most diagnostic of progressive supranuclear palsy.
Evidence for Two Distinct Epitopes within Collagen for Activation of Murine Platelets (2001)

It has recently been shown that the monoclonal antibody JAQ1 to murine glycoprotein VI (GPVI) can cause aggregation of mouse platelets upon antibody cross-linking and that collagen-induced platelet aggregation can be inhibited by preincubation of platelets with JAQ1 in the absence of cross-linking (Nieswandt, B., Bergmeier, W., Schulte, V., Rackebrandt, K., Gessner, J. E., and Zirngibl, H. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 23998-24002). In the present study, we have shown that cross-linking of GPVI by JAQ1 results in tyrosine phosphorylation of the same profile of proteins as that induced by collagen, including the Fc receptor (FcR) gamma-chain, Syk, LAT, SLP-76, and phospholipase C gamma 2. In contrast, platelet aggregation and tyrosine phosphorylation of these proteins were inhibited when mouse platelets were preincubated with JAQ1 in the absence of cross-linking and were subsequently stimulated with a collagen-related peptide (CRP) that is specific for GPVI and low concentrations of collagen. However, at higher concentrations of collagen, but not CRP, aggregation of platelets and tyrosine phosphorylation of the above proteins (except for the adapter LAT) is re-established despite the presence of JAQ1. These observations suggest that a second activatory binding site, which is distinct from the CRP binding site on GPVI on mouse platelets, is occupied in the presence of high concentrations of collagen. Although this could be a second site on GPVI that is activated by a novel motif within the collagen molecule, the absence of LAT phosphorylation in response to collagen in the presence of JAQ1 suggests that this is more likely to be caused by activation of a second receptor that is also coupled to the FcR gamma-chain. The possibility that this response is mediated by a receptor that is not coupled to FcR gamma-chain is excluded on the grounds that aggregation is absent in platelets from FcR gamma-chain-deficient mice.
Adenovirus-2 DNA Contains an Inverted Terminal Repetition (1972)

Denaturation and renaturation of the adenovirus-2 chromosome (a duplex rod) generates single-stranded circles of unit length. These circles can be opened into linear DNA molecules by digestion with exonuclease III, indicating that hydrogen bonding between the two ends of an adenovirus strand is responsible for maintaining the rod in a circular state.The formation of adenovirus single-stranded circles, and their sensitivity to exonuclease III, indicate that the mature adenovirus-2 DNA molecule contains an inverted terminal repetition. That is, the base sequence at one end of the molecule is inverted and appears again at the other end of the molecule. This is the first example of such a structure, and its function is unknown.
Immunological Response against Allogeneic Chondrocytes Transplanted into Joint Surface Defects in Rats (1997)

Rat chondrocytes isolated from the articular–epiphyseal cartilage complex were transplanted into defects prepared in articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Transplants were taken for examination after 3 and 8 wk. Cartilage formed by syngeneic chondrocytes did not evoke formation of infiltrations. Contrary to that, in the vicinity of cartilage produced by allogeneic chondrocytes numerous infiltrating cells were present and cartilage resorption could be observed. Cyclosporine-A (CsA) treatment of recipients of allogeneic chondrocytes only partially suppressed accumulation of infiltrating cells and matrix resorption. Antichondrocyte immune response of chondrocyte graft recipients was studied by evaluation of spleen mononuclear cells (SMC) stimulation in mixed splenocytechondrocyte cultures and by evaluation of antichondrocyte cytotoxic antibodies. No difference in stimulation of SMC from intact rats by syngeneic and allogeneic chondrocytes was observed. Stimulation by allogeneic chondrocytes was slightly but significantly higher in recipients of syngeneic grafts. SMC of allogenic chondrocyte recipients were strongly stimulated by allogeneic chondrocytes. This response was absent in recipients treated with CsA. Spontaneous antichondrocyte cytotoxic antibody activity was detected in intact rats and in recipients of syngeneic grafts. In recipients of allogeneic chondrocytes the antibody response against allogeneic chondrocytes was raised but was statistically not significant owing to the considerable variation in the level of spontaneously occurring antichondrocyte antibodies.
Trace Element Analysis in Water by the Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Technique (1997)

In this paper, results are presented showing the feasibility of the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique as a fast and sensitive analytic tool for quantitative measurement of trace elements in water. Many ionic elements were detected; the system linearity was tested by analyzing water samples containing known concentration of Mg and Ca, whereas Cr-polluted samples were exploited to test the system sensitivity limit to impurities.
Millimeter Wave Communications for Future Mobile Networks (2017)

Millimeter wave (mmWave) communications have recently attracted large research interest, since the huge available bandwidth can potentially lead to the rates of multiple gigabit per second per user. Though mmWave can be readily used in stationary scenarios, such as indoor hotspots or backhaul, it is challenging to use mmWave in mobile networks, where the transmitting/receiving nodes may be moving, channels may have a complicated structure, and the coordination among multiple nodes is difficult. To fully exploit the high potential rates of mmWave in mobile networks, lots of technical problems must be addressed. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of mmWave communications for future mobile networks (5G and beyond). We first summarize the recent channel measurement campaigns and modeling results. Then, we discuss in detail recent progresses in multiple input multiple output transceiver design for mmWave communications. After that, we provide an overview of the solution for multiple access and backhauling, followed by the analysis of coverage and connectivity. Finally, the progresses in the standardization and deployment of mmWave for mobile networks are discussed.
Differential effects of two probiotic strains with different bacteriological properties on intestinal gene expression, with special reference to indigenous bacteria (2007)

Probiotics are used for the improvement of gut disorders. To explore the potential of probiotics, a gnotobiotic study using BALB/c mice to analyze epithelial gene expression was performed. Microarray analysis of probiotic strain-monoassociated mice showed that Lactobacillus casei Shirota and Bifidobacterium breve Yakult noticeably affected gene expression in the ileal and colonic epithelial cells, respectively, although to a smaller extent than segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB). Lactobacillus casei Shirota enhanced the gene expression involving defense/immune functions and lipid metabolism more strongly than B. breve Yakult. In the colon, expression of a chloride transporter was slightly enhanced, although downregulation of many genes, such as guanine nucleotide-binding protein, was evident in mice with B. breve Yakult compared with the ones with L. casei Shirota. SFB affected gene expression more strongly than the probiotic strains. In particular, alpha(1-2) fucosyltransferase and pancreatitis-associated protein were significantly enhanced only in SFB-monoassociated mice but not probiotic strain-monoassociated mice. Gene expression of SFB-monoassociated mice was either stimulated or repressed in a manner similar to or opposite that of conventional colonized mice. Taken together, probiotic strains of L. casei Shirota and B. breve Yakult differentially affect epithelial gene expression in the small intestine and colon, respectively.
Standardization of sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast carcinoma (2004)

The German Society of Senology has done a remarkable job in developing standardized guidelines on a national scale for the implementation of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with breast carcinoma. See also pages 451–61.
Synthesis of .BETA.-alkyl glucosides by enzymic transglucosylation. (1984)

Lactase from Kluyveromyces lactis was found to have high transglucosylation activity, transferring the glucosyl group of aryl glucoside to an alcoholic hydroxyl group in high yield. Both primary and secondary alcohols can accept the glucosyl group. Transglucosylation to glycol yielded a single kind of glucoside. A very hydrophilic alcohol, such as glycerol, could not serve as a substrate in this system. Hydrophobic alcohols slightly soluble in water were glucosylated in a two-phase system consisting of water and an organic solvent immiscible with water.
LNA (Locked Nucleic Acid):  An RNA Mimic Forming Exceedingly Stable LNA:LNA Duplexes (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTLNA (Locked Nucleic Acid): An RNA Mimic Forming Exceedingly Stable LNA:LNA DuplexesAlexei A. Koshkin, Poul Nielsen, Michael Meldgaard, Vivek K. Rajwanshi, Sanjay K. Singh, and Jesper WengelView Author Information Center for Synthetic Bioorganic Chemistry Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Chemistry, Odense University DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 50, 13252–13253Publication Date (Web):December 8, 1998Publication History Received30 June 1998Published online8 December 1998Published inissue 1 December 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9822862https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9822862rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2378Altmetric-Citations259LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Genetics,Melting,Monomers,Nucleic acids,Salts Get e-Alerts
Insulin Transiently Increases Tau Phosphorylation (1999)

The modulation of tau phosphorylation in response to insulin was examined in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Insulin treatment resulted in a transient increase in tau phosphorylation followed by a decrease in tau phosphorylation that correlated directly with a sequential activation and deactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta). The insulin-induced increase in tau phosphorylation and concurrent activation of GSK-3beta was rapid (<2 min) and transient, and was associated with increased tyrosine phosphorylation of GSK-3beta. The increase in GSK-3beta tyrosine phosphorylation corresponded directly to an increase in the association of Fyn tyrosine kinase with GSK-3beta, and Fyn immunoprecipitated from cells treated with insulin for 1 min phosphorylated GSK-3beta to a significantly greater extent than Fyn immunoprecipitated from control cells. Subsequent to the increase in GSK-3beta activation and tau phosphorylation, treatment of cells with insulin for 60 min resulted in a dephosphorylation of tau and a decrease in GSK-3beta activity. Thus, insulin rapidly and transiently activated GSK-3beta and modulated tau phosphorylation, alterations that may contribute to neuronal plasticity.
Effects of apomorphine on globus pallidus neurons in parkinsonian patients (1997)

Current hypotheses of basal ganglia dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) propose that neuronal hypoactivity in the globus pallidus externus (GPe), and hyperactivity in the output nuclei and the external and internal portions of the globus pallidus internus (GPi,e and GPi,i, respectively), result in the cardinal symptoms of PD. To test this theory, the nonselective D1- and D2-dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine (30-100 microg/kg SC) was administered to 14 levodopa-responsive PD patients who were off medication ("off" state) while recording neurons in GP. For 15 neurons that were continuously monitored, apomorphine was found to increase the firing rate of 3 neurons in GPe, and decrease the rate of 12 in GPi. The mean firing rates of many different neurons were determined before (n = 285) and at various intervals after (n = 184) the injection of the drug. The mean rates before apomorphine were as follows: GPe, 45 Hz (SD 15, n = 85); GPi,e, 67 Hz (SD 14, n = 125); and GPi,i, 85 Hz (SD 19, n = 75). At 25 to 35 minutes after APO, the rate of GPe neurons had increased to 72 Hz (SD 18, n = 7), the rate of GPi,e neurons had decreased to 39 Hz (SD 15, n = 15), and in GPi,i the rate decreased to 34 Hz (SD 22, n = 18). Eighty minutes after apomorphine administration, the mean firing rates returned to preadministration values. This study supports current models of basal ganglia dysfunction in PD and suggests that the therapeutic effect of apomorphine results from a normalization of the imbalance of neuronal activity in the direct and indirect pathways.
Sequence conservation analysis and in silico human leukocyte antigen-peptide binding predictions for the Mtb72F and M72 tuberculosis candidate vaccine antigens (2015)

The sequences from which Mtb72F and M72 are derived are highly conserved among representative Mycobacterium strains. Predicted putative T-cell epitopes in M72 and/or Mtb72F covered a wide array of HLA alleles. In silico binding predictions for class I- and II-binding putative epitopes can be complemented with biochemical verification of HLA binding capacity, processing and immunogenicity of the predicted peptides.
JavaScript Sourcebook: Create Interactive JavaScript Programs for the World Wide Web (1996)

INTRODUCING JAVASCRIPT. What JavaScript Is All About. Stuff You Should Know: Basic Programming. Overview of JavaScript Programming. CORE JAVASCRIPT. Objects. Properties. Methods and Functions. Expressions. Statements. Variables. Events. JAVASCRIPT IN THE REAL WORLD. Defining Functions, Objects, and Methods. How Do I? Plug and Play Routines. Fixing Broken JavaScript Programs. Using JavaScript in Frames. Using JavaScript and Forms. EXTENDING JAVASCRIPT. Using JavaScript with Advanced HTML. Using CGI with JavaScript. Working with Java and Netscape Plugs-Ins. Using JavaScript for Sound, Animation, and Graphics. All About HTML. JavaScript Additions in Netscape 3.0. Appendices. Index.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Agonists Inhibit Interleukin-1 β -Mediated Nitric Oxide Production in Cultured Lacrimal Gland Acinar Cells (2003)

Development of dry eye disease often occurs in individuals with autoimmune disorders such as Sjögren's syndrome. The cause of dry eye in these patients is thought to be due, at least in part, to lymphocytic infiltration of the lacrimal glands, with subsequent loss of secretion of the aqueous component of tear film. How this lymphocytic infiltration leads to loss of secretion is not fully understood. We have previously shown that the proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), can stimulate the production of nitric oxide (NO) in cultured lacrimal gland acinar cells. It is possible that IL-1beta, produced by the infiltrating macrophages, stimulates production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and subsequently excessive production of NO. Peroxynitrate and other radical byproducts associated with excessive synthesis of NO may be detrimental to normal function of the lacrimal gland. Here we show that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)alpha and gamma agonists can inhibit NO production in cultured lacrimal gland acinar cells. Further, this is accomplished without loss of iNOS expression or tetrahydrobiopterin. These data suggest that the use of ointments or eye drops containing these PPAR agonists may provide an effective therapeutic intervention for the prevention of dry eye in Sjögren's syndrome patients.
Preparation and Characterization of Pore-Wall Modification Gradients Generated on Porous Silicon Photonic Crystals Using Diazonium Salts (2011)

One-dimensional photonic crystals (rugate filters) constructed from porous silicon were modified by the chemical hydrosilylation of terminal alkenes (decyl, 10-carboxydecyl, and 10-hydroxydecyl) in the presence of a concentration gradient of diazonium salt initiators. The concentration gradient was generated by vertically orienting the Si wafer containing the porous Si layer in an alkene solution and then introducing the diazonium salt at the bottom edge of the wafer. Slow diffusion of the salt led to a varying density of grafted alkene across the surface of the porous layer. The modified surfaces were end-capped with methyl groups by electrochemical grafting to impart improved stability and greater hydrophobicity. The surface modified with 10-carboxydecyl species was ionized by deprotonation of the carboxy groups to increase the hydrophilicity of this porous silicon surface. The pore-wall modification gradients were characterized using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The more hydrophilic portion of the gradient changes color when water infiltrates the porous nanostructure because of a shift in the stop band of the photonic crystal. The more hydrophobic portion of the gradient excludes water, although mixtures of water and ethanol will infiltrate this region, depending on the concentration of ethanol in the mixture. A simple visual sensor for small quantities of ethanol in water, capable of detecting ethanol concentrations of between 0 and 8% with a resolution of 1% is demonstrated.