gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temperature Sensitivity of the Hypersensitive Response of Bell Pepper to Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria (2002)

ABSTRACT When bacterial spot-resistant pepper plants carrying resistance gene Bs2 and infiltrated with incompatible strains of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria carrying a functional avrBs2 gene (races P1 and P3) were incubated at 32 degrees C, they exhibited an electrolyte leakage and bacterial multiplication pattern in planta similar to that obtained with a compatible strain (race P4) carrying a nonfunctional avrBs2 gene. They also developed disease-like symptoms. Pretreatment of incompatible bacteria at 32 degrees C before infiltration caused a delay in electrolyte leakage less pronounced than that caused by exposing plants to 32 degrees C. Also, plants had to be exposed to 32 degrees C for an hour prior to inoculation to increase symptom expression. These data suggest that the Bs2 gene is temperature sensitive. In other experiments, the avrBs1-Bs1 interaction appeared to be the most heat tolerant and thus the least likely to revert to compatible, whereas the avrBs3-Bs3 interaction had an intermediate sensitivity to elevated temperatures.
Peripherin immunoreactive structures in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. (1993)

The accumulation of peripherin and NF in spheroids is likely related to the reduced anterograde transport. Alternatively, the spheroids showing a higher degree of peripherin immunoreactivity might represent regenerating axonal terminals.
Dual-purpose lens for an eye-tracked projection head-mounted display (2006)

The novel concept of the ET-HMPD, which consists of a Head-Mounted Projection Display (HMPD) with an integrated Eye-Tracking (ET) capability, was recently presented as well as the design of some of its components [Curatu, Hua and Rolland, Proceedings of the SPIE 5875, 2005]. In this paper, we present the overall system design and performance, assuming an ideal cold cube and semi-transparent hot plate.
Hepatitis C (1996)

Infection with HCV is a significant public health problem that has important clinical and financial consequences. The tailoring of specific therapy according to viral load or genotype, better patient selection, and use of combination drug regimens may improve the chance of viral clearance and sustained biochemical and histologic response. Further understanding of the basic virology of HCV and the exact mechanisms of viral persistence and tissue injury is needed to help define future therapeutic and preventive strategies.
Functional Analysis of the Glycosylation of Murine Acid Sphingomyelinase (1996)

Glycosylation plays a crucial role in glycoprotein stability and its correct folding. Murine acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is a lysosomal glycoprotein. We studied the functional role of its individual N-linked oligosaccharides needed to maintain enzymatic activity and protein stability. Mutagenized cDNA constructs were heterologously expressed. All six potential N-glycosylation sites were modified. Incomplete glycosylation of the most distant C-terminal site resulted in two isoforms. Oligosaccharides at N-84, N-173, and N-611 were found to be of minor importance for enzymatic activity. The glycosylation defect at N-333 or N-393 reduced the enzymatic activity to 40% and at N-518 to less than 20%. These mutations did not effect the Km value. Glycosylation at N-333 and N-393 mainly contributed to the enzyme stability and prevented degradation at lysosomal acidic pH, whereas the low residual enzymatic activity of mutant ASM deficient in glycosylation at N-518 was caused by protein misfolding. The mutant protein was also prone to proteolysis when trapped in the endoplasmic reticulum/cis-Golgi after brefeldin A application. Insufficiently glycosylated ASM formed a stable complex with BiP, an immunoglobulin heavy chain-binding protein, and thus remained in the endoplasmic reticulum. 32PO4 labeling revealed that the glycosylation mutants of ASM were phosphorylated predominantly at mannose residues of oligosaccharides linked to N-84, N-333, and N-393.
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of c-fms proteins expressed in FDC-P1 and BALB/c 3T3 cells. (1990)

The c-fms protein is a receptor for macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) with intrinsic protein-tyrosine kinase activity. We investigated the tyrosine phosphorylation of murine c-fms proteins expressed from a retroviral vector in factor-dependent myeloid FDC-P1 cells and in BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts transformed by the expression of the c-fms gene. FDC-P1 cells expressing c-fms were able to grow and differentiate in response to M-CSF. Their c-fms proteins were normally phosphorylated on serine and became phosphorylated on tyrosine residues contained in five tryptic peptides when the cells were exposed to M-CSF. A subset of these peptides was constitutively phosphorylated in BALB/c cells expressing c-fms, consistent with the production of M-CSF by these cells. All the peptides detected in vivo were also phosphorylated in vitro. These peptides were analyzed by susceptibility to proteases, comparison with synthetic peptides, and site-directed mutagenesis. The identities of four of the tryptic peptides were determined; they arise from three unique tyrosine phosphorylation sites. One major site of tyrosine phosphorylation at residue 697 accounted for two of the tryptic peptides. A second major site was identified at tyrosine residue 706. These two tyrosine phosphorylation sites are located within the tyrosine kinase insert region. Tyrosine 807, which has homology to the major autophosphorylation site of the p60v-src tyrosine kinase, is a minor autophosphorylation site. Possible functional roles for these phosphorylations of the c-fms protein include interactions with substrate proteins, catalytic activity, and ligand-induced degradation.
Homopolymerization and copolymerization of styrene and norbornene with Ni-based/MAO catalysts (1998)

The homopolymerization of styrene (Sty) and norbornene (NBE) was investigated in the presence of the nickel stearate (NiSt)/methylaluminoxane (MAO) catalytic system in toluene and in chlorobenzene at 20°C. The fully saturated structure of polynorbornene indicates that the two monomers polymerize by an ethylenic type addition reaction. The synthesis of true copolymers shows that one type of active species is operating for the tow monomers. Determination of reactivity ratios (rNBE = 20.8 and rSty = 0.02) indicates a much higher reactivity of NBE, which is interpreted by a coordination mechanism. The styrene-norbornene copolymers exhibit glass transition temperatures (Tg) which range from 100°C to 320°C and follow Kovacs' law. The absence of crystallinity and the homogeneous repartition of monomer units along the chains yield highly transparent materials of high thermal stability.
Metabolic engineering of recombinant protein secretion by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2012)

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a widely used cell factory for the production of fuels and chemicals, and it is also provides a platform for the production of many heterologous proteins of medical or industrial interest. Therefore, many studies have focused on metabolic engineering S. cerevisiae to improve the recombinant protein production, and with the development of systems biology, it is interesting to see how this approach can be applied both to gain further insight into protein production and secretion and to further engineer the cell for improved production of valuable proteins. In this review, the protein post-translational modification such as folding, trafficking, and secretion, steps that are traditionally studied in isolation will here be described in the context of the whole system of protein secretion. Furthermore, examples of engineering secretion pathways, high-throughput screening and systems biology applications of studying protein production and secretion are also given to show how the protein production can be improved by different approaches. The objective of the review is to describe individual biological processes in the context of the larger, complex protein synthesis network.
Syntheses of proline analogs as potential mechanism-based inhibitors of proline dehydrogenase: 4-methylene-L-, (E)- and (Z)-4-(fluoromethylene)-L-, cis- and trans-5-ethynyl-(.+-.)-, and cis- and trans-5-vinyl-L-proline (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses of proline analogs as potential mechanism-based inhibitors of proline dehydrogenase: 4-methylene-L-, (E)- and (Z)-4-(fluoromethylene)-L-, cis- and trans-5-ethynyl-(.+-.)-, and cis- and trans-5-vinyl-L-prolineFranco Manfre, Jean Marc Kern, and Jean Francois BiellmannCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 7, 2060–2065Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00033a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00033a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1100Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Cyclopropane Rings in Natural Compounds (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleBiosynthesis and Metabolism of Cyclopropane Rings in Natural CompoundsLudger A. Wessjohann, Wolfgang Brandt, and Thies ThiemannView Author Information Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle, Germany Institute of Advanced Material Study and Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koh-en, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, 4, 1625–1648Publication Date (Web):April 9, 2003Publication History Received19 August 2002Published online9 April 2003Published inissue 1 April 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr0100188https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0100188research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views14470Altmetric-Citations539LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anions,Biosynthesis,Cations,Hydrocarbons,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
[Immunostimulant properties of an extract isolated and partially purified from Aloe vahombe]. (1980)

When the mice are given a hypodermic infection of unrefined Vahombe extract, the Aloe called Vahombe is a liliaceous plant growing in the South of Madagascar, they are protected against the infection caused by the Klebsiella, a pneumonia vector to man, giving rise to an experimental septicaemia in the mouse. Neither bactericide nor bacteriostatic activity has been detected yet about Aloe extract. The anti-infectious activity is proportional to the dose of extract injected, the protecting power is the greatest when the mice have been treated with Aloe, two or three days previously to the infection due to Klebsiella pneumoniae. We have determined the LD50 (Lethal dose 50) for the check batches (non-treated mice) and for the batches of protected mice. We were able to show that the previous injection developed the resistance to infection, multiplied from thirtyfold to a hundrefold. We have tackled the purification of the substance--made soluble after lyophilisation of the crude extract--by means of filtration with Sephadex G50. It would be the first time, for all we know, that a substance endowed with organism. At present we are proceeding with the purification of the active principle and contemplating trying the protective power upon virus infections as well as upon cancerous or parasitic ones.
Reaction of Substituted Furan-2-carboxaldehydes and Furo[b]pyrrole Type Aldehydes with Hippuric Acid (2004)

4-Heteroarylidene-2-phenyl-1,3-oxazol-5(4H)-ones were prepared by reactions of hippuric acid with substituted furan-2-carboxaldehydes or furo[b]pyrrole type aldehydes. The reactivity of various furan-2-carboxaldehyde derivatives in this reaction is discussed. The effect of microwave irradiation on some condensation reactions was compared with "classical" conditions. The results show that microwave irradiation shortens the reaction times while affording comparable yields. Elementary analysis, UV, IR and 1D NMR proved the structure of new synthesised compounds. 2D NMR spectroscopic measurements confirmed that the configuration at the carbon-carbon double bond corresponds to the pure E isomers of the products.
c-MYC Copy-Number Gain Is an Independent Prognostic Factor in Patients with Colorectal Cancer (2015)

c-MYC GCN gain was an independent factor for poor prognosis in consecutive CRC patients and in the stage II-III subgroup. Our findings indicate that the status of c-MYC may be helpful in predicting the patients' outcome and for managing CRC patients.
Antitumor activity of indomethacin on methylazoxymethanol-induced large bowel tumors in rats. (1980)

The effect of treatment with indomethacin on methylazoxymethanol-induced rat large bowel carcinomas was investigated. Eight-week-old male Donryu rats received an intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg body weight of methylazoxymethanol acetate once a week for 6 weeks. Fifteen rats were sacrificed at the 25th week. It was confirmed that the incidence of large bowel tumors (adenocarcinomas) was 60% and the mean number of tumors per tumor-bearing rat was 2.0. The other rats (23 approximately 30 rats in each group) were given the treatment with an intrarectal instillation of 7.5 mg/kg body weight of indomethacin, 7.5 mg/kg of hydrocortisone, 75 mg/kg of PS-K, vehicle alone, or non-treatment daily from the 27th to 29th week. All of these rats were sacrificed at the 30th week. The tumor incidence was 50% or 55% in indomethacin- or hydrocortisone-treated rats. It was significantly lower than 83% or 87% of the rats treated wih PS-K or vehicle, or untreated. The mean number of tumors was also smaller in those 2 groups of rats (2.0 or 2.1 tumors) than in 3 groups (3.5 or 3.3 tumors). The results demonstrated that the intrarectal dose of indomethacin and hydrocortisone inhibited the development of tumors from microscopic carcinoma lesions in the large bowel and growing further. It seems that indomethacin might be effective to treat the early stage disease with relatively small number of growing tumor cells.
Dual-frequency triangular microstrip antenna with a shorting pin (1997)

This paper presents a novel design of triangular microstrip antenna with dual-frequency operation. In this design the microstrip patch is short-circuited using a shorting pin and fed by a single probe feed. By varying the shorting pin position in the microstrip patch, such a design can provide a large tunable frequency ratio of about 2.5-4.9 for the two operating frequencies. Experimental results for operating at frequencies of 464 and 2276 MHz are presented and discussed.
The Structure of the Eukaryotic Ribosome at 3.0 Å Resolution (2011)

Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA into proteins. Many aspects of translation and its regulation are specific to eukaryotes, whose ribosomes are much larger and intricate than their bacterial counterparts. We report the crystal structure of the 80S ribosome from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae--including nearly all ribosomal RNA bases and protein side chains as well as an additional protein, Stm1--at a resolution of 3.0 angstroms. This atomic model reveals the architecture of eukaryote-specific elements and their interaction with the universally conserved core, and describes all eukaryote-specific bridges between the two ribosomal subunits. It forms the structural framework for the design and analysis of experiments that explore the eukaryotic translation apparatus and the evolutionary forces that shaped it.
Human cytomegalovirus alters interleukin-6 production by endothelial cells (1994)

In an effort to study whether human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can disrupt the balanced cytokine network that controls human hematopoiesis, we investigated the ability of a laboratory strain HCMV (AD169) to alter the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) by cultured endothelial cells (HUVECs). ECs are important components of human bone marrow stroma and produce factors that stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of human hematopoietic progenitors. HCMV was able to greatly increase production of both mRNA and protein for IL-6 in unprimed HUVECs. When we discriminated between viral pellet and cleared viral supernatants, the supernatants induced an increase in mRNA at 30 minutes and protein by 2 hours, whereas an increase in IL-6 caused by virus itself did not become evident until 12 hours. The possibility that IL-6 induction was simply caused by the presence in the viral stock of endotoxin, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, or IL-4, all known inducers of IL-6 in HUVECs, was ruled out by the addition of polymyxin B and appropriate neutralizing antibodies. These findings show that HCMV is capable of directly and indirectly modulating the production by HUVECs of IL-6, one of the cytokines involved in the process of hematopoiesis.
Experience with EMERALD to Date (1999)

After summarizing the EMERALD architecture and the evolutionary process from which EMERALD has evolved, this paper focuses on our experience to date in designing, implementing, and applying EMERALD to various types of anomalies and misuse. The discussion addresses the fundamental importance of good software engineering practice and the importance of the system architecture -- in attaining detectability, interoperability, general applicability, and future evolvability. It also considers the importance of correlation among distributed and hierarchical instances of EMERALD, and needs for additional detection and analysis components. 1. Introduction EMERALD (Event Monitoring Enabling Responses to Anomalous Live Disturbances) [6, 8, 9] is an environment for anomaly and misuse detection and subsequent analysis of the behavior of systems and networks. EMERALD is being developed under DARPA/ITO Contract number F30602-96-C-0294 and applied under DARPA/ISO Contract number F30602-98-C-0059. EMER...
FAT CELLS: Afferent and Efferent Messages Define New Approaches to Treat Obesity (2004)

For a long time neural and endocrine messages were studied for their impact on adipocyte metabolism and control of storage/release of fatty acids. In fact, bidirectional communication exists between adipocytes and other tissues. Several molecules secreted from adipocytes are involved in fat cell signaling to other tissues. Adipocyte products could initiate antagonistic effects on target tissues. Fat cells produce peptides that can elicit insulin resistance, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and resistin, as well as hormones that can improve insulin resistance, such as leptin and adiponectin. Secretion of complement proteins, proinflammatory cytokines, procoagulant, and acute phase reactant proteins have also been observed in adipocytes. There is much to learn about how these signals function. It is unlikely that all the adipocyte's endocrine and paracrine signals have been identified. Putative pharmacological strategies aiming at modulation of afferent and efferent fat cell messages are reviewed and discussed.
Immunotherapy of Cancer (1999)

The goal of cancer treatment is to develop modalities that specifically target tumor cells, thereby avoiding unnecessary side effects to normal tissue. Vaccine strategies that result in the activation of the immune system specifically against proteins expressed by a cancer have the potential to be effective treatment for this purpose. An early vaccine approach that was developed by our group involves the insertion of the granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene into cancer cells that are then used to immunize patients. These genetically modified tumor cells produce the immune activating protein GM-CSF in the local environment of the tumor cells, specifically activating the patient's T cells to eradicate cancer at metastatic sites. We have performed many studies that demonstrate that this vaccine can cure mice of cancer. We recently demonstrated that this approach can activate an immune response in patients with renal cell carcinoma. We are currently testing a similar approach in patients with pancreatic cancer. Until recently, whole tumor cells were used to produce the vaccine because the proteins expressed by the tumor cells that can be recognized by the immune system were unknown. However, recent advances have allowed the identification of many of the proteins expressed by some cancers. In addition, significant attention has been focused on the mechanisms by which antitumor immunity can be modulated. These active areas of research will undoubtably lead to the development of more specific and more potent vaccine strategies in the near future. The first part of this paper focuses on data from two recent clinical trials that evaluated the whole tumor cell approach. The second part of this paper discusses some of the more exciting antigen-specific vaccine approaches that are under development for the treatment of cancer.
Brain damage markers in children. Neurobiological and clinical aspects (2002)

The presence in blood of proteins normally confined to the cytoplasm of brain cells is considered peripheral evidence of brain damage. Only recently have these proteins been measured in the blood of children at risk of brain damage. To show the value and limitations of measuring these proteins, we review their biology and the adult literature that has correlated the blood concentrations of these proteins with lesion size and dysfunction. Conclusion: We conclude that brain damage markers will increasingly be measured in the blood of newborn s and other children at risk of brain damage.