gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Red cell alterations associated with virucidal methylene blue phototreatment (1993)

Several red cell storage properties were evaluated following phototreatment with methylene blue (MB) under conditions that inactivated > or = 6 log10 of added vesicular stomatitis virus. Red cell 2,3 DPG levels were similar to untreated controls throughout conventional 42-day storage at 4 degrees C. Plasma hemoglobin levels were elevated approximately twofold in MB-phototreated samples, and morphology scores were 5 percent lower after 42-day storage. ATP levels declined 30 percent in phototreated samples and in a control sample containing MB and not exposed to light. Lipid peroxidation was not observed in treated or control cells, nor were differences observed in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of ghost membranes derived from phototreated and control samples. Phototreated cells exhibited enhanced ion permeability; sodium and potassium levels approached equilibrium with the suspending medium within 4 to 7 days after treatment. Direct agglutination tests using rabbit anti-human IgG or rabbit anti-human serum albumin on MB-phototreated cells indicated that serum proteins had absorbed to the surface of treated red cells. Plasma depletion by washing red cells prior to phototreatment did not prevent protein binding upon subsequent addition of untreated autologous or group AB plasma. To a much smaller extent, phototreatment of plasma resulted in IgG association with untreated red cells. The addition of glutathione to red cell suspensions prevented IgG binding to phototreated red cells but did not prevent enhanced ion permeability. Taken together, these data suggest that the red cell surface is altered by virucidal MB phototreatment of vesicular stomatitis virus.
Restoration of a single superresolution image from several blurred, noisy, and undersampled measured images (1997)

The three main tools in the single image restoration theory are the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator, the maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) estimator, and the set theoretic approach using projection onto convex sets (POCS). This paper utilizes the above known tools to propose a unified methodology toward the more complicated problem of superresolution restoration. In the superresolution restoration problem, an improved resolution image is restored from several geometrically warped, blurred, noisy and downsampled measured images. The superresolution restoration problem is modeled and analyzed from the ML, the MAP, and POCS points of view, yielding a generalization of the known superresolution restoration methods. The proposed restoration approach is general but assumes explicit knowledge of the linear space- and time-variant blur, the (additive Gaussian) noise, the different measured resolutions, and the (smooth) motion characteristics. A hybrid method combining the simplicity of the ML and the incorporation of nonellipsoid constraints is presented, giving improved restoration performance, compared with the ML and the POCS approaches. The hybrid method is shown to converge to the unique optimal solution of a new definition of the optimization problem. Superresolution restoration from motionless measurements is also discussed. Simulations demonstrate the power of the proposed methodology.
Promotion of Pancreatic Islet Allograft Survival By Intrathymic Transplantation of Bone Marrow (1992)

An important goal in the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes by pancreatic islet transplantation is the development of strategies that allow permanent survival of islet allografts without continuous host immunosuppression. In this study, we demonstrate that inoculation of allogeneic bone marrow into the thymus of adult rats treated with a single dose of anti-lymphocyte serum induces an unresponsive state that permits survival of subsequent pancreatic islet allografts transplanted to an extrathymic site. This effect is donor specific, cannot be reproduced by systemic administration of bone marrow, and is associated with persistence of chimeric cells in the thymus of the recipient. In addition, lymph node cells from long-term recipients of intrathymic bone marrow display markedly reduced proliferative responses to donor alloantigens in mixed lymphocyte culture. Interaction of maturing thymocytes with foreign alloantigens may produce the unresponsiveness. This model offers a potential approach for establishing donor-specific allograft acceptance in adult recipients.
Effects of Milk Replacer Composition on Growth, Body Composition, and Nutrient Excretion in Preweaned Holstein Heifers (2008)

Twenty-four newborn Holstein heifer calves were fed 1 of 4 milk replacers (MR): control (20% CP, 21% fat; MR fed at 441 g/d); high protein/low fat (HPLF; 28% CP, 20% fat; MR fed at 951 g/d); high protein/high fat (HPHF; 27% CP, 28% fat; MR fed at 951 g/d); and HPHF MR fed at a higher rate (HPHF+; 27% CP, 28% fat; MR fed at 1,431 g/d). Dry calf starter (20% CP, 1.43% fat) composed of ground corn (44.4%), 48% CP soybean meal (44.4%), cottonseed hulls (11.2%), and molasses (1.0%) was offered free choice. Heifers were obtained from a commercial dairy, blocked by groups of 8 in the order acquired, and randomly assigned to treatments within group. Upon arrival at the research farm, heifers were fed the control for 2 feedings. Treatments were imposed when heifers were 4 +/- 1 d of age. Heifers were on study for 61 +/- 1 d. Body weight and body size measures were taken weekly. Four-day total collection of feed refusals, feces, and urine was initiated at 57 +/- 1 d of age. Heifers were slaughtered at the end of the collection period to evaluate body composition. Preplanned contrasts were used to compare control to all, HPLF to HPHF, and HPHF to HPHF+. Heifers fed the control diet consumed more starter than those fed other treatment diets, but their total dry matter intake and apparent dry matter digestibility were lowest. Fecal output was highest in heifers fed the control diet, whereas urine output and urine N excretion were lowest. Nitrogen intake and urine N excretion were greater for heifers fed HPHF+ compared with HPHF but were not affected by MR fat content (HPLF vs. HPHF). Retention (g/d) of N and P was greater in heifers fed all nutrient-dense diets compared with those fed the control diet, but was not improved by increasing fat in the milk replacer (HPLF vs. HPHF) or by increasing the amount fed. Addition of fat to the milk replacer (HPLF vs. HPHF) increased empty body weight fat content without improving average daily gain or frame measures. Increasing the volume fed (HPHF vs. HPHF+) increased growth rate and empty body weight, but HPHF+ heifers were neither taller nor longer and their carcasses contained more fat. Clear improvements in growth and nutrient retention were observed with more nutrient-dense diets, but most of the improvements were seen with the increased protein intake relative to the control MR; adding fat to the high protein MR did not further improve lean tissue gain.
Inhibition of DNA cytosine methyltransferase by chemopreventive selenium compounds, determined by an improved assay for DNA cytosine methyltransferase and DNA cytosine methylation (1998)

The organoselenium compounds benzyl selenocyanate (BSC) and 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate (p-XSC), as well as sodium selenite, are effective chemopreventive agents for various chemically induced tumors in animal models at both the initiation and postinitiation stages.The mechanisms involved at the postinitiation stage are not clear.Because several lines of evidence indicate that inhibition of excess DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase (Mtase) may be a sufficient factor for the suppression or reversion of carcinogenesis, we examined the effects of sodium selenite, BSC, p-XSC and benzyl thiocyanate (BTC), the sulfur analog of BSC, on Mtase activity in nuclear extracts of human colon carcinomas, and of p-XSC on the Mtase activity of HCT116 human colon carcinoma cells in culture.For this purpose, we developed an improved Mtase assay, in which the incorporation of the methyl-[ 3 H] group from S-adenosyl[methyl-3 H]methionine into deoxycytidine of poly(dI-dC)-poly(dI-dC), is specifically determined by HPLC with radioflow detection after enzymatic hydrolysis, enhancing specificity and reliability.In a variation, using SssI methyltransferase and labeled S-adenosylmethionine, the overall methylation status of DNA in various tissues can also be compared.Selenite, BSC and p-XSC inhibited Mtase extracted from a human colon carcinoma with IC 50 s of 3.8, 8.1 and 5.2 µM, respectively; BTC had no effect.p-XSC also inhibited the Mtase activity and growth of human colon carcinoma HCT116 cells, with an IC 50 of ~20 µM.The improved Mtase assay should prove to be a reliable method for screening potential Mtase inhibitors, especially using cells in culture.We suggest that inhibition of Mtase may be a major mechanism of chemoprevention by selenium compounds at the postinitiation stage of carcinogenesis.
Processing of Bacillus subtilis peptidoglycan by a mouse macrophage cell line (1984)

It has previously been established that muramyl dipeptide (N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine) is an effective immunostimulant whose primary target cell type is the macrophage. Muramyl dipeptide is known to be structurally identical to a portion of the monomer unit of peptidoglycan, a nearly ubiquitous component of bacterial cell walls. To establish whether muramyl dipeptide or glycopeptides structurally related to it are formed as a result of macrophage processing of peptidoglycan, Bacillus subtilis cell walls radiolabeled in the muramic acid, glucosamine, and alanine residues of the constituent peptidoglycan were incubated in the presence of the cultured macrophage-like cell line RAW264, and the glycopeptides which released into the medium were fractionated and analyzed. Although muramyl dipeptide was not found in the culture medium, at least three glycopeptides structurally related to it were found, namely GlcNAc-MurNAc-Ala-isoGln-Dap-Ala, GlcNAc-MurNAc-Ala-isoGln-Dap, and GlcNAc-MurNAc-Ala-isoGln.
Histone H1 Modulates Immune Status in Experimental Breast Cancer (2003)

These results indicate that histone H1 plays a vital role in maintaining the immune status.
현행 이원적 부동산 공시제도의 발전 방안에 관한 연구 (2014)

부동산은 우리 생활의 토대를 이루고 개별 경제주체뿐만 아니라 국가 경제 측면에서도중요한 재산권의 객체이며, 재산관계를 규율하는 재산법으로서의 물권법의 중핵을 이룬다.부동산은 물권의 객체로서 특정되어야 하고 부동산물권의 존재 내지 변동을 중심으로 한권리관계도 명확하게 파악되어야 한다. 우리나라에서는 사법부가 부동산물권의 존재 내지 변동을 부동산등기부를 통하여...
Null Mutation of PCLN-1/Claudin-16 Results in Bovine Chronic Interstitial Nephritis (2000)

Inherited chronic renal diseases are associated with failures in glomerular filtration and tubular resorption. Such failures invariably result from defects in selective filtration and absorption in surface renal epithelium. Recently, we described an autosomal recessive chronic interstitial nephritis with diffuse zonal fibrosis (CINF) in cattle. Bovine CINF, characterized by increased blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and urinary proteins, leads to lethality before puberty, usually within the first 6 months or year of life. Here, we demonstrate that the first four exons of PCLN-1/Claudin-16 (CL-16), which encodes a member of the claudin family of tight junction proteins, were deleted in CINF-affected cattle. CL-16 was expressed preferentially in kidneys of normal cattle, but transcripts were totally absent in affected offspring. This observation suggests that the lack of CL-16 protein contributes to the dysfunction of paracellular renal transport systems.
A mouse model to evaluate the interface between skin and a percutaneous device (2007)

Percutaneous medical devices are integral in the management and treatment of disease. The space created between the skin and the device becomes a haven for bacterial invasion and biofilm formation and results in infection. We hypothesize that sealing this space via integration of the skin into the device will create a barrier against bacterial invasion. The purpose of this study was to develop an animal model in which the interaction between skin and biomaterials can be evaluated. Porous poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) [poly(HEMA)] rods were implanted for 7 days in the dorsal skin of C57 BL/6 mice. The porous poly(HEMA) rods were surface-modified with carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) or CDI plus laminin 5; unmodified rods served as control. Implant sites were sealed with 2-octyl cyanoacrylate; corn pads and adhesive dressings were tested for stabilization of implants. All rods remained intact for the duration of the study. There was histological evidence of both epidermal and dermal integration into all poly(HEMA) rods regardless of treatment. This in vivo model permits examination of the implant/skin interface and will be useful for future studies designed to facilitate skin cell attachment where percutaneous devices penetrate the skin.
Different Underlying Corrosion Mechanism for Mg Bulk Alloys and Mg Thin Films (2009)

Abstract The influence of microstructure on the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys was studied by comparing standard cast alloys with thin‐film alloys (solid solution) of the same nominal composition. Latter were deposited on Si by means of magnetron sputtering. Results from potentiodynamic polarisation measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and immersion tests with inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy of the aqueous NaCl solution prove that beside lower corrosion rates for the thin films, a different corrosion mechanism is active in both systems, due to the dissimilar microstructure. Localised or pitting corrosion is dominating for the bulk alloys and uniform corrosion (on a much lower level) for the coatings.
Nanoscale Site-Specific Immobilization of Proteins through Electroactivated Disulfide Exchange (2003)

A new method based on the electrochemical oxidation and activation of thiols was used to generate nanoscale patterns on thiol-derivatized silicon oxide surfaces. By application of a potential difference between an AFM tip and a thiolated silicon surface, surface thiols were activated into thiolsulfinates/thiolsulfonates, which are reactive to thiol groups on biomolecules in solution. Thiol-rich protein, β-galactosidase, was immobilized onto the patterns.
Activated Marrow-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Effectively Target Plasma Cells and Their Clonogenic Precursors (2005)

A major limitation of adoptive immunotherapy is the availability of T cells specific for both terminally differentiated tumor cells and their clonogenic precursors. We show here that marrow-infiltrating lymphocytes (MILs) recognize myeloma cells after activation with anti-CD3/CD28 beads with higher frequency than activated peripheral blood lymphocytes from the same patients. Furthermore, activated MILs target both the terminally differentiated CD138+ plasma cells and the myeloma precursor as shown by profound inhibition in a tumor clonogenic assay. The presence of antigen in the marrow microenvironment seems to be important for the maintenance of tumor specificity. Taken together, these results highlight the intrinsic tumor specificity of MILs and describe a novel approach for the generation of tumor-specific T-cell populations suitable for adoptive immunotherapy of multiple myeloma.
Novel Amphiphilic α-Helix Mimetics Based on a Bis-benzamide Scaffold (2009)

To mimic amphiphilic alpha-helices, a new scaffold was designed based on a bis-benzamide that places four side-chain functional groups found at the i, i+2, i+5, and i+7 positions of a helix. Its two hydrogen bonds fix the conformation and provide accurate bifacial arrangement of the four substituents, simultaneously representing two opposing helical sides. An efficient synthetic route was achieved for the construction of bis-benzamides, and their superior alpha-helix mimicry was confirmed by X-ray crystallography.
Recent advances in radial basis function networks (1999)

In 1996 an Introduction to Radial Basis Function Networks was published on the web 2 along with a package of Matlab functions 3 . The emphasis was on the linear character of RBF networks and two techniques borrowed from statistics: forward selection and ridge regression. This document 4 is an update on developments between 1996 and 1999 and is associated with a second version of the Matlab package 5 . Improvements have been made to the forward selection and ridge regression methods and a new method, which is a cross between regression trees and RBF networks, has been developed. 1 mjo@anc.ed.ac.uk 2 www.anc.ed.ac.uk/mjo/papers/intro.ps 3 www.anc.ed.ac.uk/mjo/software/rbf.zip 4 www.anc.ed.ac.uk/mjo/papers/recad.ps 5 www.anc.ed.ac.uk/mjo/software/rbf2.zip 2 CONTENTS Contents 1 Introduction 3 1.1 MacKay&amp;apos;s Hermite Polynomial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2 Friedman&amp;apos;s Simulated Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 Maximum Margina...
Protein Kinase C Is Involved in the Regulation of Both Signaling and Adhesion Mediated by DNAX Accessory Molecule-1 Receptor (1998)

DNAX accessory molecule-1 (DNAM-1) is a signal-transducing adhesion molecule involved in the cytolytic function mediated by CTL and NK cells. In the present study, we have investigated various perimeters of DNAM-1-mediated signaling and adhesion. Although adhesion of DNAM-1 to its ligand does not require divalent cations, protein synthesis, or RNA transcription, activation of protein kinase C (PKC) is required for DNAM-1 functioning. Furthermore, mutation of the putative PKC-binding site in the cytoplasmic domain of DNAM-1 (Ser329 to Phe329) prevents both ligand binding and PMA-induced phosphorylation of the DNAM-1 receptor. These results indicate that PKC phosphorylates Ser329 of DNAM-1 and plays a critical role for both DNAM-1 adhesion and signaling.
Reversal of Dopaminergic Degeneration in a Parkinsonian Rat following Micrografting of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Neural Progenitors (2009)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by the selective loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the midbrain. Various types of stem cells that have potential to differentiate into DA neurons are being investigated as cellular therapies for PD. Stem cells also secrete growth factors and therefore also may have therapeutic effects in promoting the health of diseased DA neurons in the PD brain. To address this possibility in an experimental model of PD, bone marrow-derived neuroprogenitor-like cells were generated from bone marrow procured from healthy human adult volunteers and their potential to elicit recovery of damaged DA axons was studied in a partial lesion rat model of PD. Following collection of bone marrow, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were isolated and then genetically modified to create SB623 cells by transient transfection with the intracellular domain of the Notch1 gene (NICD), a modification that upregulates expression of certain neuroprogenitor markers. Ten deposits of 0.5 microl of SB623 cell suspension adjusted from 6,000 to 21,000 cells/microl in PBS or PBS alone were stereotaxically placed in the striatum 1 week after the nigrostriatal projection had been partially lesioned in adult F344 rats by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the striatum. At 3 weeks, a small number of grafted SB623 cells survived in the lesioned striatum as visualized by expression of the human specific nuclear matrix protein (hNuMA). In rats that received SB623 cells, but not in control rats, dense tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (TH-ir) fibers were observed around the grafts. These fibers appeared to be rejuvenated host DA axons because no TH-ir in soma of surviving SB623 cells or coexpression of TH and hNuMA-ir were observed. In addition, dense serotonin immunoreactive (5-HT-ir) fibers were observed around grafted SB623 cells and these fibers also appeared to be of the host origin. Also, in some SB623 grafted rats that were sacrificed within 2 h of dl-amphetamine injection, hot spots of c-Fos-positive nuclei that coincided with rejuvenated dense TH fibers around the grafted SB623 cells were observed, suggesting increased availability of DA in these locations. Our observations suggest that NICD-transfected MSC hold potential as a readily available autologous or allogenic cellular therapy for ameliorating the degeneration of DA and 5-HT neurons in PD patients.
Recombinant Human Platelet-Activating Factor- Acetylhydrolase Inhibits Airway Inflammation and Hyperreactivity in Mouse Asthma Model (2000)

Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies in both animal models and human asthmatics have implicated platelet-activating factor (PAF) as an important inflammatory mediator in asthma. In a murine asthma model, we examined the anti-inflammatory activities of recombinant human PAF-acetylhydrolase (rPAF-AH), which converts PAF to biologically inactive lyso-PAF. In this model, mice sensitized to OVA by i.p. and intranasal (i.n.) routes are challenged with the allergen by i.n. administration. The OVA challenge elicits an eosinophil infiltration into the lungs with widespread mucus occlusion of the airways and results in bronchial hyperreactivity. The administration of rPAF-AH had a marked effect on late-phase pulmonary inflammation, which included a significant reduction in airway eosinophil infiltration, mucus hypersecretion, and airway hyperreactivity in response to methacholine challenge. These studies demonstrate that elevating plasma levels of PAF-AH through the administration of rPAF-AH is effective in blocking the late-phase pulmonary inflammation that occurs in this murine allergen-challenge asthma model. These results suggest that rPAF-AH may have therapeutic effects in patients with allergic airway inflammation.
Assessment of flood risks in Pearl River Delta due to levee breaching (2013)

A levee system may pose enormous risks to the people protected by the system. Risk analysis is at the heart of levee risk mitigation and engineering decision-making. An explicit methodology for the analysis of flood risk due to levee breaching is desirable. In this paper, a case study on the risks of the North Pearl River Levee System (NPRLS) in Guangdong Province, China, is conducted to illustrate an explicit procedure of flood risk analysis. The performance of the levee upon a 100-year flood at milestone 7 +330 near Shijiao is evaluated. The failure probabilities are evaluated for three failure modes: overtopping, piping and slope sliding. The flood scenario resulted from a levee breach in a 100-year flood event at water level 15.5 m above the mean sea level is simulated. The fatality rate is estimated using a model for estimating the vulnerability of human lives in floods based on Bayesian networks, HURAM. The conditional loss of life is finally estimated according to the risk analysis procedure and the fatality rates from HURAM. Possible measures to mitigate the risks of the levee are also discussed.