gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hypolipidemic, uricosuric, and thyroxine‐displacing effects of MK‐185 (halofenate) (1971)

MK‐185, an ester structurally related to clofibrate, was given to hypertriglyceridemic patients for 6 week periods in a controlled double‐blind crossover trial. Serum triglycerides decreased an average of 50 per cent during the trial, but little change was noted in serum cholesterol. An average decrease of 30 per cent was noted in the serum uric acid, and 5 patients showed a uricosuric effect of the drug independent of the glomerular filtration rate. Plasma thyroxine (T 4 ) showed a significant increase while patients were taking MK‐185. Further studies showed a decrease in protein‐bound iodine and T 4 by column. An increase in the dialyzable fraction of T, in vivo suggested a thyroxine‐displacing effect from thyroid‐binding proteins. This hypothesis was confirmed by in vitro displacement by MK‐185 free acid of 131 I‐labeled T 4 bound to thyrOid‐binding globulin.
Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Induce a House Dust Mite-Specific Th2 Allergic Inflammation in the Lung of Humanized SCID Mice: Involvement of CCR7 (2002)

In rodents, airway dendritic cells (DCs) capture inhaled Ag, undergo maturation, and migrate to the draining mediastinal lymph nodes (MLN) to initiate the Ag-specific T cell response. However, the role of human DCs in the pathogenesis of the Th2 cell-mediated disease asthma remains to be clarified. Here, by using SCID mice engrafted with T cells from either house dust mite (HDM)-allergic patients or healthy donors, we show that DCs pulsed with Der p 1, one of the major allergens of HDM, and injected intratracheally into naive animals migrated into the MLN. In the MLN, Der p 1-pulsed DCs from allergic patients induced the proliferation of IL-4-producing CD4(+) T cells, whereas those from healthy donors induced IFN-gamma-secreting cells. In reconstituted human PBMC-reconstituted SCID mice primed with pulsed DCs from allergic patients, repeated exposure to aerosols of HDM induced 1) a strong pulmonary inflammatory reaction rich in T cells and eosinophils, 2) an increase in IL-4 and IL-5 production in the lung lavage fluid, and 3) increased IgE production compared with that in mice primed with unpulsed DCs. All these effects were reduced following in vivo neutralization of the CCR7 ligand secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine. These data in human PBMC-reconstituted SCID mice show that monocyte-derived DCs might play a key role in the pathogenesis of the pulmonary allergic response by inducing Th2 effector function following migration to the MLN.
c-Myc Interacts with Hypoxia to Induce Angiogenesis In vivo by a Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Dependent Mechanism (2004)

The proto-oncogene c-myc is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In this study, we used an inducible transgenic mouse model in which c-Myc was targeted to the epidermis and, after activation, gave rise to hyperplastic and dysplastic skin lesions and to dermal angiogenesis, involving both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor-1 and VEGF receptor-2. After c-Myc activation, VEGF mRNA was expressed in postmitotic keratinocytes where it colocalized with transgene expression and areas of tissue hypoxia, suggesting a role of hypoxia in VEGF induction. In vitro, c-Myc activation alone was able to induce VEGF protein release and in conjunction with hypoxia, c-Myc activation further increased VEGF protein. Blocking VEGF signaling in vivo significantly reduced dermal angiogenesis, demonstrating the importance of VEGF as a mediating factor for the c-Myc-induced angiogenic phenotype.
Erythromycin associated hearing loss in a patient with prior cis-platinum induced ototoxicity. (1992)

A case is reported of reversible sensorineural hearing loss associated with intravenous erythromycin treatment. Cis-platinum induced high frequency hearing loss developed nine months previously during treatment for stage IV papillary cystadenocarcinoma. Renal and hepatic function were normal; however, serum erythromycin levels were elevated. Clinical recovery promptly followed discontinuation of erythromycin.
A robust, fast pulsed flip-flop design (2008)

High Speed VLSI design utilizes heavy pipelining, resulting in a large number of flip-flops in the circuit. Hence there is a strong motivation to design fast, low power and area efficient flip-flops. In this paper, we present a pulsed flip-flop design based on a novel pulse generator circuit. Our design achieves significantly improved speed when compared to recent pulsed flip-flop design, as well as a traditional master-slave D flip-flop. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that our design is significantly more robust to variations than the other flip-flops. Our design consumes low power as well. Also we have performed the layout of our design and shown that our layout area is smaller than a traditional D flip-flop.
Wound‐induced systemic accumulation of a transcript coding for a Bowman‐Birk trypsin inhibitor‐related protein in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings (1993)

The wound-induced accumulation of a transcript coding for a polypeptide of 72 amino acid residues in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings was investigated. Sequence comparison showed strong homology with Bowman-Birk trypsin inhibitors of cereal and legume species. The local accumulation pattern of this transcript demonstrated, after wounding various parts of the seedling, a local as well as a systemic response which implies the transmission of a wound signal specifically from the lower to the upper parts of the plant.
Perfluorocarbons: recent developments and implications for neurosurgery (1996)

Over the last 30 years, perfluorocarbons (PFCs) have been extensively investigated as oxygen carriers. Early studies indicated that these compounds could be used as blood substitutes or protective agents against ischemia. Adverse characteristics such as instability, short intravascular half-life, and uncertainties concerning possible toxicity precluded wide clinical application. However, advances in PFC technology have led to the development of improved second-generation oxygen carriers that incorporate well-tolerated emulsifiers (egg-yolk phospholipids). The authors review recent developments in this field and consider the potential role of PFCs in future neurosurgical practice. Diagnostic applications could include their use to assess cerebral blood flow, local oxygen tension, and brain metabolism or to achieve enhanced imaging and precise staging of inflammatory, neoplastic, or vascular disease processes by means of computerized tomography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance studies. Therapeutic applications could include cerebral protection, an adjunctive role in radiotherapy of malignant brain tumors, protection against air embolism, the preservation of organs for transplantation, and ventilatory support in head-injured patients with compromised lung function. In addition, PFCs have been used successfully as a tool in ophthalmic microsurgery and potentially they could fulfill a similar role in microneurosurgery.
Crystal structure of HLA-G: A nonclassical MHC class I molecule expressed at the fetal–maternal interface (2005)

HLA-G is a nonclassical major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecule that is primarily expressed at the fetal-maternal interface, where it is thought to play a role in protecting the fetus from the maternal immune response. HLA-G binds a limited repertoire of peptides and interacts with the inhibitory leukocyte Ig-like receptors LIR-1 and LIR-2 and possibly with certain natural killer cell receptors. To gain further insights into HLA-G function, we determined the 1.9-A structure of a monomeric HLA-G complexed to a natural endogenous peptide ligand from histone H2A (RIIPRHLQL). An extensive network of contacts between the peptide and the antigen-binding cleft reveal a constrained mode of binding reminiscent of the nonclassical HLA-E molecule, thereby providing a structural basis for the limited peptide repertoire of HLA-G. The alpha3 domain of HLA-G, a candidate binding site for the LIR-1 and -2 inhibitory receptors, is structurally distinct from the alpha3 domains of classical MHC-I molecules, providing a rationale for the observed affinity differences for these ligands. The structural data suggest a head-to-tail mode of dimerization, mediated by an intermolecular disulfide bond, that is consistent with the observation of HLA-G dimers on the cell surface.
Nonassociated gas potential of San Juan basin considerable (1990)

This paper reports on the San Juan basin, a major hydrocarbon producing province in the Rocky Mountains. Cumulative production for both the New Mexico and Colorado parts of the basin, as of Jan. 1, 1983, was 190 million bbl of oil, 14 tcf of nonassociated gas, 425 bcf of associated gas, and 60 million bbl of condensate. Ultimate recovery of nonassociated gas was estimated to be 23 tcf. On the Four Corners platform and Chaco slope, oil and associated gas occur in structural and stratigraphic traps. In the generally structureless central basin, nonassociated gas and condensate occur in underpressured sandstone reservoirs. Hydrodynamics and low permeability are responsible for trapping the gas in this unusual type of accumulation. Coal beds have been considered as the source rocks for much of this gas.
In Vitro and in Vivo Characterization of a Potential Universal Placebo Designed for Use in Vaginal Microbicide Clinical Trials (2005)

The development of vaginal microbicides for the prevention of sexual transmission of HIV is becoming an increasingly important strategy in the battle against the AIDS epidemic. Several first generation microbicide candidates are entering Phase III efficacy trials, and several other candidates are in earlier stages of clinical development. The capacity to make accurate clinical assessments of the safety and efficacy of microbicide formulations is critical. Since microbicide trials will rely on a blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled design, it is important to employ a placebo formulation that does not distort either safety or efficacy assessments. Efficacy of the microbicide would be underestimated if the placebo itself provided a degree of protection. Conversely, a placebo with epithelial toxicity that increased susceptibility would cause an overestimation of microbicide efficacy. To address these issues, a hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) placebo formulation has been developed and has been adopted for use in clinical evaluations of investigational microbicides as a "universal" placebo. In this report, the chemical and physical properties of this formulation are described, as well as its in vitro and in vivo effects on safety and efficacy. The results show that this "universal" placebo has adequate physical properties, is sufficiently stable as a vaginal gel formulation, and is safe and sufficiently inactive for use in the clinical study of investigational microbicides.
Different modulation of aromatase activity in frog testis in vitro by ACE and ANG II (1999)

The aim of the present research was to study the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ANG II in amphibian (Rana esculenta) testicular steroidogenesis and prostaglandin production. Hormonal effects of ACE, ACE inhibitors, synthetic bullfrog ANG I, and [Val(5)]ANG II were determined in frog testis of prereproductive period. Production of 17beta-estradiol, progesterone, androgens, and PGE(2) and PGF(2alpha) was determined by incubating frog testes with ACE (2.5 mU/ml), captopril (0.1 mM), lisinopril (0.1 mM), [Val(5)]ANG II (1 microM), and synthetic bullfrog ANG I (1 microM). The analysis of the data showed an independent modulation of 17beta-estradiol and androgen production by ACE and ANG II. The ACE pathway caused a decrease of 17beta-estradiol production and an increase of androgen production in frog testes; on the other hand, the ANG II pathway increased 17beta-estradiol production and decreased androgen production. The determination of testicular aromatase activity showed a positive regulation by ANG II and a negative regulation by ACE. As for prostaglandin production, only ANG II influenced PGF(2alpha). These results suggest a new physiological role of ACE and ANG II in modulating steroidogenesis and prostaglandin production.
Practical enantioselective Diels-Alder and aldol reactions using a new chiral controller system (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPractical enantioselective Diels-Alder and aldol reactions using a new chiral controller systemE. J. Corey, Rene Imwinkelried, Stanislaw Pikul, and Yi Bin XiangCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 14, 5493–5495Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00196a081https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00196a081research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5779Altmetric-Citations348LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The yin-yang of PR-domain family genes in tumorigenesis. (2000)

Cancer is essentially caused by alterations in normal cellular genes. Multiple gene changes involving at least two types of cancer genes, protooncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, are required for the clonal expansion of a malignant cell. This discussion focuses on the recently recognized role of a small but expanding family of PR-domain genes in tumorigenesis. The protein products of these genes are involved in human cancers in an unusual yin-yang fashion. Two products are normally produced from a PR-domain family member which differ by the presence or absence of the PR domain; the PR-plus product is disrupted or underexpressed whereas the PR-minus product is present or overexpressed in cancer cells. This imbalance in the amount of the two products, a result of either genetic or epigenetic events, appears to be an important cause of malignancy.
Drosophila melanogaster as a High-Throughput Model for Host–Microbiota Interactions (2017)

Microbiota research often assumes that differences in abundance and identity of microorganisms have unique influences on host physiology. To test this concept mechanistically, germ-free mice are colonized with microbial communities to assess causation. Due to the cost, infrastructure challenges, and time-consuming nature of germ-free mouse models, an alternative approach is needed to investigate host-microbial interactions. <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (fruit flies) can be used as a high throughput <i>in vivo</i> screening model of host-microbiome interactions as they are affordable, convenient, and replicable. <i>D. melanogaster</i> were essential in discovering components of the innate immune response to pathogens. However, axenic <i>D. melanogaster</i> can easily be generated for microbiome studies without the need for ethical considerations. The simplified microbiota structure enables researchers to evaluate permutations of how each microbial species within the microbiota contribute to host phenotypes of interest. This enables the possibility of thorough strain-level analysis of host and microbial properties relevant to physiological outcomes. Moreover, a wide range of mutant <i>D. melanogaster</i> strains can be affordably obtained from public stock centers. Given this, <i>D. melanogaster</i> can be used to identify candidate mechanisms of host-microbe symbioses relevant to pathogen exclusion, innate immunity modulation, diet, xenobiotics, and probiotic/prebiotic properties in a high throughput manner. This perspective comments on the most promising areas of microbiota research that could immediately benefit from using the <i>D. melanogaster</i> model.
Role of lubricin and boundary lubrication in the prevention of chondrocyte apoptosis (2013)

Osteoarthritis is a complex disease involving the mechanical breakdown of articular cartilage in the presence of altered joint mechanics and chondrocyte death, but the connection between these factors is not well established. Lubricin, a mucinous glycoprotein encoded by the PRG4 gene, provides boundary lubrication in articular joints. Joint friction is elevated and accompanied by accelerated cartilage damage in humans and mice that have genetic deficiency of lubricin. Here, we investigated the relationship between coefficient of friction and chondrocyte death using ex vivo and in vitro measurements of friction and apoptosis. We observed increases in whole-joint friction and cellular apoptosis in lubricin knockout mice compared with wild-type mice. When we used an in vitro bovine explant cartilage-on-cartilage bearing system, we observed a direct correlation between coefficient of friction and chondrocyte apoptosis in the superficial layers of cartilage. In the bovine explant system, the addition of lubricin as a test lubricant significantly lowered the static coefficient of friction and number of apoptotic chondrocytes. These results demonstrate a direct connection between lubricin, boundary lubrication, and cell survival and suggest that supplementation of synovial fluid with lubricin may be an effective treatment to prevent cartilage deterioration in patients with genetic or acquired deficiency of lubricin.
Purification and ligand binding of a soluble class I major histocompatibility complex molecule consisting of the first three domains of H-2Kd fused to beta 2-microglobulin expressed in the baculovirus-insect cell system. (1992)

A recombinant baculovirus encoding a single-chain murine major histocompatibility complex class I molecule in which the first three domains of H-2Kd are fused to beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) via a 15-amino acid linker has been isolated and used to infect lepidopteran cells. A soluble, 391-amino acid single-chain H-2Kd (SC-Kd) molecule of 48 kDa was synthesized and glycosylated in insect cells and could be purified in the absence of detergents by affinity chromatography using the anti-H-2Kd monoclonal antibody SF1.1.1.1. We tested the ability of SC-Kd to bind antigenic peptides using a direct binding assay based on photoaffinity labeling. The photoreactive derivative was prepared from the H-2Kd-restricted Plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite protein (P.b. CS) peptide 253-260 (YIPSAEKI), a probe that we had previously shown to be unable to bind to the H-2Kd heavy chain in infected cells in the absence of co-expressed beta 2-microglobulin. SC-Kd expressed in insect cells did not require additional mouse beta 2-m to bind the photoprobe, indicating that the covalently attached beta 2-m could substitute for the free molecule. Similarly, binding of the P.b. CS photoaffinity probe to the purified SC-Kd molecule was unaffected by the addition of exogenous beta 2-m. This is in contrast to H-2KdQ10, a soluble H-2Kd molecule in which beta 2-m is noncovalently bound to the soluble heavy chain, whose ability to bind the photoaffinity probe is greatly enhanced in the presence of an excess of exogenous beta 2-m. The binding of the probe to SC-Kd was allele-specific, since labeling was selectively inhibited only by antigenic peptides known to be presented by the H-2Kd molecule.
A 0.5-μm CMOS T/R switch for 900-MHz wireless applications (2001)

A single-pole double-throw transmit/receive switch for 3.0-V applications has been fabricated in a 0.5-/spl mu/m CMOS process. An analysis shows that substrate resistances and source/drain-to-body capacitances must be lowered to decrease insertion loss. The switch exhibits a 0.7-dB insertion loss, a 17-dBm power 1-dB compression point (P/sub 1 dB/), and a 42-dB isolation at 928 MHz. The low insertion loss is achieved by optimizing the transistor widths and bias voltages, by minimizing the substrate resistances, and by dc biasing the transmit and receive nodes, which decreases the capacitances while increasing the power 1-dB compression point. The switch has adequate insertion loss, isolation, P/sub 1 dB/, and IP/sub 3/ for a number of 900-MHz ISM band applications requiring a moderate peak transmitter power level (/spl sim/15 dBm).
Sound from ultrasound : the parametric array as an audible sound source (2002)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2002.
Smart-pixel based free-space optoelectronic interconnect to demonstrate terabit/s regime I/O to silicon CMOS (2000)

Free-space optical links, combined with close integration of optoelectronic components with silicon CMOS have a bandwidth potential not limited by aspect-ratio and, in addition, offer a high space-bandwidth product and freedom from frequency-dependant cross-talk. The key aim of the work reported here is to demonstrate that the technology exists to allow Tbit/s scale I/O to silicon VLSI using free-space optical links. The demonstrator is configured as a 64 channel optoelectronic crossbar switch.
The Toll‐like receptor 7 (TLR7)‐specific stimulus loxoribine uncovers a strong relationship within the TLR7, 8 and 9 subfamily (2003)

Loxoribine (7-allyl-7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-guanosine) acts as synthetic adjuvant in anti-tumor responses. Here we first demonstrate that loxoribine activates cells of the innate immune system selectively via the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/MyD88-dependent signaling pathway. TLR7- and MyD88-deficient immune cells fail to proliferate or produce cytokines in response to loxoribine, and genetic complementation of TLR7-deficient cells with murine or human TLR7 confers responsiveness. Subsequently we show that cellular activation by loxoribine and resiquimod (R-848), a stimulus for TLR7 and TLR8, depends on acidification and maturation of endosomes and targets MyD88 to vesicular structures with lysosomal characteristics. This mode of TLR7 and TLR8 action resembles CpG-DNA-driven TLR9 activation. We thus conclude that TLR7, 8 and 9 form a functional subgroup within the TLR family that recognizes pathogen-associated molecular patterns in endosomal/lysosomal compartments.
Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: Analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care (2001)

Severe sepsis is a common, expensive, and frequently fatal condition, with as many deaths annually as those from acute myocardial infarction. It is especially common in the elderly and is likely to increase substantially as the U.S. population ages.
Specific cleavage of simian virus 40 DNA by restriction endonuclease of Hemophilus influenzae (1971)

A bacterial restriction endonuclease has been used to produce specific fragments of SV40 DNA. Digestion of DNA from plaque-purified stocks of SV40 with the restriction endonuclease from Hemophilus influenzae gave 11 fragments resolvable by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, eight of which were equimolar with the original DNA. The fragments ranged from about 6.5 x 10(5) to 7.4 x 10(4) daltons, as determined by electron microscopy, DNA content, or electrophoretic mobility.
Sexual function of premature ejaculation patients assayed with Chinese Index of Premature Ejaculation. (2004)

The CIPE-5 is a useful method for the evaluation of sexual function of patients with PE and can be used as a clinical endpoint for clinical trials studying the efficacy of pharmacological intervention.