gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Light Splitting in Nanoporous Gold and Silver (2011)

Nanoporous gold and silver exhibit strong, omnidirectional broad-band absorption in the far-field. Even though they consist entirely of gold or silver atoms, these materials appear black and dull, in great contrast with the familiar luster of continuous gold and silver. The nature of these anomalous optical characteristics is revealed here by combining nanoscale electron energy loss spectroscopy with discrete dipole and boundary element simulations. It is established that the strong broad-band absorption finds its origin in nanoscale splitting of light, with great local variations in the absorbed color. This nanoscale polychromaticity results from the excitation of localized surface plasmon resonances, which are imaged and analyzed here with deep sub-wavelength, nanometer spatial resolution. We demonstrate that, with this insight, it is possible to customize the absorbance and reflectance wavelength bands of thin nanoporous films by only tuning their morphology.
Cripto: a novel epidermal growth factor (EGF)-related peptide in mammary gland development and neoplasia (1999)

Growth and morphogenesis in the mammary gland depend on locally derived growth factors such as those in the epidermal growth factor (EGF) superfamily. Cripto-1 (CR-1, human; Cr-1, mouse)--also known as teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor-1--is a novel EGF-related protein that induces branching morphogenesis in mammary epithelial cells both in vitro and in vivo and inhibits the expression of various milk proteins. In the mouse, Cr-1 is expressed in the growing terminal end buds in the virgin mouse mammary gland and expression increases during pregnancy and lactation. Cr-1/CR-1 is overexpressed in mouse and human mammary tumors and inappropriate overexpression of Cr-1 in mouse mammary epithelial cells can lead to the clonal expansion of ductal hyperplasias. Taken together, this evidence suggests that Cr-1/CR-1 performs a role in normal mammary gland development and that it might contribute to the early stages of mouse mammary tumorigenesis and the pathobiology of human breast cancer.
Detection of intracellular iron by its regulatory effect (2004)

Intracellular iron regulates gene expression by inhibiting the interaction of iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) with RNA motifs called iron-responsive elements (IREs). To assay this interaction in living cells we have developed two fluorescent IRE-based reporters that rapidly, reversibly, and specifically respond to changes in cellular iron status as well as signaling that modifies IRP activity. The reporters were also sufficiently sensitive to distinguish apo- from holotransferrin in the medium, to detect the effect of modifiers of the transferrin pathway such as HFE, and to detect the donation or chelation of iron by siderophores bound to the lipocalin neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (Ngal). In addition, alternative configurations of the IRE motif either enhanced or repressed fluorescence, permitting a ratio analysis of the iron-dependent response. These characteristics make it possible to visualize iron-IRP-IRE interactions in vivo.
《方言社会:巴西中部地区热人和博罗罗人的社会制度》一书评介 (1982)

《方言社会》(Dialectical Societies)一书由戴维·马伯里·刘易斯编著,1979年坎布里奇哈佛大学出版社出版。巴西中部地区土著人的亲属关系和社会制度存在着明显的反常现象,人类学家对此一直很感兴趣。该书描述的是语言上互有关联的一个集团,是以狩猎采集为基础辅之以少量刀耕火种园艺的、一些具有简单技艺经济的半流动部落。但是,他们有
Dependence of optical scattering from Intralipid in gelatin-gel based tissue-mimicking phantoms on mixing temperature and time (2014)

Intralipid is widely used as an optical scattering agent in tissue-mimicking phantoms. Accurate control when using Intralipid is critical to match the optical diffusivity of phantoms to the prescribed value. Currently, most protocols of Intralipid-based hydrogel phantom fabrication focus on factors such as Intralipid brand and concentration. In this note, for the first time to our knowledge, we explore the dependence of the optical reduced scattering coefficient (at 532 nm optical wavelength) on the temperature and the time of mixing Intralipid with gelatin-water solution. The studied samples contained 1% Intralipid and were measured with oblique-incidence reflectometry. It was found that the reduced scattering coefficient increased when the Intralipid-gelatin-water mixture began to solidify at room temperature. For phantoms that had already solidified completely, the diffusivity was shown to be significantly influenced by the temperature and the duration of the mixing course. The dependence of the measured diffusivity on the mixing conditions was confirmed by experimental observations. Moreover, the mechanism behind the dependence behavior is discussed.
Labeling Cyclic Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor Antagonists with 99mTc by the Preformed Chelate Approach:  Effects of Chelators on Properties of [99mTc]Chelator−Peptide Conjugates (1996)

Several cyclic GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonists were labeled with 99mTc by the preformed chelate approach using chelators such as H4L1 [4,5-bis(mercaptoacetamido)pentanoic acid], H4L2 [3,4-bis-(mercaptoacetamido)benzoic acid], H3L3 [2-(mercapto)ethylaminoacetyl-L-cysteine], H4L4 [N-(mercaptoacetyl)glycylglycylglycine], H4L5 [N-[2-(mercapto)propionyl]glycylglycylglycine], and H4L6 [N-[2-(mercapto)propionyl]glycylglycyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid]. In this approach, the [99mTc]chelator complexes are formed first, followed by the activation of the carboxylic group on the complex by formation of its tetrafluorophenol (TFP) ester and the conjugation of the TFP ester with an amino group of a cyclic GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonist. The 99mTc-labeled cyclic GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonists were characterized by radio-HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography); differences in lipophilicity of the [99mTc]chelator-peptide conjugate are attributable to the effects of both the cyclic peptide and the chelator.
Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit System Design for UMTS Terminal Receivers (2003)

The standardization phase for third generation wideband CDMA systems like UMTS which will add broadband data to support video, Internet access, and other high speed services for untethered devices is running towards its finalization. As is typical for mobile communication systems standardization, sufficient RF performance has been assumed and most efforts have been put to digital baseband issues. This is especially true for the mobile phone transceivers the RF part of which is, although its baseband part is much more complex in terms of number of devices, still the bottleneck of the entire system. In the RF concept engineering of today’s commercial products an accurate prediction of the needed RF performance by using RF system simulation is meanwhile indispensable. This is in particular the case with third generation wireless systems which, from the RF design point of view, are quite different from second generation TDMA/FDMA systems due to the fact that the user signals are now separated in the code domain rather than in the time and/or frequency domain. The paper gives an insight of how to derive receiver requirements for 3G mobiles in terms recognizable by microwave designers.
A Heterocyclic Inhibitor of the Rev−RRE Complex Binds to RRE as a Dimer (2001)

As part of a search for organic compounds that selectively target RNA, we found that specific diphenylfuran derivatives, which are related to compounds that bind to the DNA minor groove, bind very strongly to RNA in a manner very sensitive to the structure of the compounds. In extended development of the diphenylfuran series, we found that a tetracationic heterocycle containing a phenyl-furan-benzimidazole unfused aromatic system, DB340, exhibits pronounced selectivity for the RRE RNA stem-loop from HIV-1. We report here RNA footprinting, spectroscopic analysis, affinity determinations, and initial NMR structural results of the complex. The results indicate that DB340 binds to RRE in a highly structured and cooperative complex at a 2:1 DB340 to RRE ratio. Overlap in the NMR spectra prevents detailed description of binding interactions at this time, but we are able to place DB340 in the RNA minor groove. Additionally, footprinting results and studies with mutant RRE sequences indicate that the internal loop of RRE is required for specific binding of DB340 as with the Rev protein. These results provide exciting new ideas for rational drug design with RNA as is now common with DNA and proteins.
Detecting spoofed packets (2004)

Packets sent using the IP protocol include the IP address of the sending host. The recipient directs replies to the sender using this source address. However, the correctness of this address is not verified by the protocol. The IP protocol specifies no method for validating the authenticity of the packet's source. This implies that an attacker can forge the source address to be any desired. This is almost exclusively done for malicious or at least inappropriate purposes. Given that attackers can exploit this weakness for many attacks, it would be beneficial to know if network traffic has spoofed source addresses. This knowledge can be particularly useful as an adjunct to reduce false positive from intrusion detection systems. This paper discusses attacks using spoofed packets and a wide variety of methods for detecting spoofed packets. These include both active and passive host-based methods as well as the more commonly discussed routing-based methods. Additionally, we present the results of experiments to verify the effectiveness of passive methods.
Visual complex analysis (1998)

1: Geometry and Complex Arithmetic. 2: Complex functions as Transformations. 3: Mobius Transformations and Inversion. 4: Differentiation: The Amplitwist Concept. 5: Further Geometry of Differentiation. 6: Non-Euclidean Geometry*. 7: Winding Numbers and Topology. 8: Complex Integration: Cauchy's Theorem. 9: Cauchy's Formula and Its Applications. 10: Vector Fields: Physics and Topology. 11: Vector Fields and Complex Integration. 12: Flows and Harmonic Functions
Identification of Predictive Biomarkers for Cytokine Release Syndrome after Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2016)

CRS is the most common severe toxicity seen after CAR T-cell treatment. We developed models that can accurately predict which patients are likely to develop severe CRS before they become critically ill, which improves understanding of CRS biology and may guide future cytokine-directed therapy. Cancer Discov; 6(6); 664-79. ©2016 AACR.See related commentary by Rouce and Heslop, p. 579This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 561.
Establishment of a Mouse Model for Human Rhinovirus Infection (1986)

We describe here a mouse model for rhinovirus infection using a variant of human rhinovirus type 2 (HRV2/H) which replicated 50- to 300-fold in the lungs of BALB/c mice. The variant virus differed only marginally from HRV2/H according to various biochemical parameters. Use of a photosensitive inoculum and pretreatment of the animals with actinomycin D were necessary for detection of reproducible and significant levels of virus replication. This mouse model of rhinovirus infection is the first example of human rhinovirus replication in a non-primate mammal, and provides an important link for the development of rhinovirus therapy or prophylaxis.
Convergency and Divergency as Strategic Elements in Total Synthesis:  The Total Synthesis of (−)-Drupacine and the Formal Total Synthesis of (±)-Cephalotaxine, (−)-Cephalotaxine, and (+)-Cephalotaxine (2007)

A concise route toward the syntheses of (-)-drupacine and (+)- and (-)-cephalotaxine has been developed. The syntheses rely on Pd(II)-catalyzed aerobic oxidative heterocyclization chemistry, which was employed to rapidly construct an important spirocyclic amine intermediate. A dynamic beta-elimination/conjugate addition process was strategically applied to complete the first asymmetric total synthesis of (-)-drupacine.
The Genetic Landscapes of Autism Spectrum Disorders (2013)

The autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by impairments in social interaction and stereotyped behaviors. For the majority of individuals with ASD, the causes of the disorder remain unknown; however, in up to 25% of cases, a genetic cause can be identified. Chromosomal rearrangements as well as rare and de novo copy-number variants are present in ∼10-20% of individuals with ASD, compared with 1-2% in the general population and/or unaffected siblings. Rare and de novo coding-sequence mutations affecting neuronal genes have also been identified in ∼5-10% of individuals with ASD. Common variants such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms seem to contribute to ASD susceptibility, but, taken individually, their effects appear to be small. Despite a heterogeneous genetic landscape, the genes implicated thus far-which are involved in chromatin remodeling, metabolism, mRNA translation, and synaptic function-seem to converge in common pathways affecting neuronal and synaptic homeostasis. Animal models developed to study these genes should lead to a better understanding of the diversity of the genetic landscapes of ASD.
A microvalve system fabricated by thermoplastic molding (1995)

A process for the fabrication of microvalve systems by thermoplastic molding and membrane techniques has been developed. The valve system consists of three individual valves formed by two parts molded from polymethylmethacrylate PMMA and a polyimide membrane. The mold inserts were manufactured by milling of a brass substrate using a 300 mu m diameter head. The three-dimensional microstructure of the inserts consists of four different levels for valve seats, orifices, alignment pins and cavities. The overall diameter and height of the whole valve system is 7 mm and 1.9 mm, respectively. The valves are designed to be normally open. To close the valves, the pressure in an actuator chamber above the membrane is raised by a heater coil and the membrane is pressed onto the valve seat. First measurements at a difference pressure of 1000 hPa showed a rate of water flow through a single valve of 171 mu l s-1. An actuator pressure of 180 hPa was reached by heating air with a resistive heater and continuous electrical power of 158 mW. A valve supplied with nitrogen at 130 hPa was closed by an electrical power of 116 mW.
Fetal Sex Chromosome Testing by Maternal Plasma DNA Sequencing (2015)

Noninvasive prenatal testing results for sex chromosome aneuploidy can be confounded by maternal or fetal biological phenomena. When a discordant noninvasive prenatal testing result is encountered, resolution requires additional maternal history, detailed fetal ultrasonography, and determination of fetal and possibly maternal karyotypes.
Rheological properties of cross-linked hyaluronic acid dermal fillers (2011)

So rheological data can be a tool to have an indication on the efficacy and longevity of DF but it has to be considered that production technology, in-vivo-conditions, injector skills and experience influence them also significantly.
Akt 인산화 효소에 의한 암세포 전이 기능의 조절 (2001)

Akt Serine/threonine 인산화 효소는 세포 생존에서의 다양한 역할을 하는 중요한 신호단백질로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 Akt가 HT1080 cell line에서 세포 침투와 전이를 조절한다는 것을 밝혔다. 일단, Live confocal microscopy 방법을 사용하여 Akt가 이동중인 HT1080 세포의 이동 말단에 위치하고 있다는 것을 발견...
IL-7 Administration Alters the CD4:CD8 Ratio, Increases T Cell Numbers, and Increases T Cell Function in the Absence of Activation (2001)

IL-7 is vital for the development of the immune system and profoundly enhances the function of mature T cells. Chronic administration of IL-7 to mice markedly increases T cell numbers, especially CD8(+) T cells, and enhances T cell functional potential. However, the mechanism by which these effects occur remains unclear. This report demonstrates that only 2 days of IL-7 treatment is needed for maximal enhancement of T cell function, as measured by proliferation, with a 6- to 12-fold increase in the proportion of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in cell cycle by 18 h of ex vivo stimulation. Moreover, a 2-day administration of IL-7 in vivo increases basal proliferation by 4- and 14-fold in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, respectively. These effects occur in the absence of cytokine production, increases in most activation markers, and changes in memory markers. This enhanced basal proliferation is the basis for the increase in T cell numbers in that IL-7 induces an additional 60% and 85% of resting CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, respectively, to enter cell cycle in mice given IL-7 for 7 days. These results demonstrate that in vivo administration of IL-7 increases T cell numbers and functional potential via a homeostatic, nonactivating process. These findings may suggest a unique clinical niche for IL-7 in that IL-7 therapy may increase T cell numbers and enhance responses to specific antigenic targets while avoiding a general, nonspecific activation of the T cell population.
400. The determination of the paramagnetic susceptibility of substances in solution by nuclear magnetic resonance (1959)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Genetic adaptation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the airways of cystic fibrosis patients (2006)

In many human infections, hosts and pathogens coexist for years or decades. Important examples include HIV, herpes viruses, tuberculosis, leprosy, and malaria. With the exception of intensively studied viral infections such as HIV/AIDs, little is known about the extent to which the clonal expansion that occurs during long-term infection by pathogens involves important genetic adaptations. We report here a detailed, whole-genome analysis of one such infection, that of a cystic fibrosis (CF) patient by the opportunistic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The bacteria underwent numerous genetic adaptations during 8 years of infection, as evidenced by a positive-selection signal across the genome and an overwhelming signal in specific genes, several of which are mutated during the course of most CF infections. Of particular interest is our finding that virulence factors that are required for the initiation of acute infections are often selected against during chronic infections. It is apparent that the genotypes of the P. aeruginosa strains present in advanced CF infections differ systematically from those of "wild-type" P. aeruginosa and that these differences may offer new opportunities for treatment of this chronic disease.
Biomedical Imaging, Visualization, and Analysis (1999)

From the Publisher:
A unique synthesis of scientific content and artistic style, Biomedical Imaging, Visualization, and Analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the advances spurring the evolution of imaging science and practice.

The focus of Biomedical Imaging, Visualization, and Analysis is on comprehensive explanation and ample illustration, rather than complex physics or mathematics. A brief review of fundamental principles and underlying theories precedes detailed discussions of innovative imaging methods, novel visualization techniques, new processing algorithms, image modeling, and biomedical applications useful in medical training. The scope of the book embraces CT and MR elastography, parametric displays, virtual reality, volumetric modeling algorithms, surgical and radiation treatment planning, image-guided diagnosis and treatment, virtual endoscopy, epilepsy imaging, and cardiac motion analysis.

Biomedical Imaging, Visualization, and Analysis is a work of extension and integration:
Such works are challenging, but when realized, they do not become obsolete; rather, they form durable links in the chain that faithfully connects the past to the present, and the present to the future. This book attempts to meet that challenge and provide an enduring bridge in the expanding field of biomedical imaging. (from the Preface)

By the same author:

THREE-DIMENSIONAL BIOMEDICAL IMAGING

Principles and Practice

Presents the essential information required by basic scientists and medical practitioners in multidisciplinary fields to understand 3-D imaging and its effective uses in biology and medicine.

Every now and then a book arriveson one's desk for review that is hard to put down, and which is clearly going to be an instant classic. Reviewers are sometimes able to write, 'This is the book I would have liked to have written.' If I were Richard Robb, I would be very proud of this work. It captured my attention and I read it almost from cover to cover.-Clinical Oncology
The baculovirus transactivator IE1 binds to viral enhancer elements in the absence of insect cell factors (1995)

The transregulatory IE1 protein of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus binds to the viral enhancer element hr5. To test whether IE1 binds independently of host cell factors, IE1 was translated in rabbit reticulocyte extracts and tested for DNA binding activity by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Complexes with the hr5 probe were detected with translation reaction mixtures primed with ie1 RNA but not with control translation reaction mixtures. However, the DNA-protein complexes formed with IE1 translated in vitro migrated more slowly than complexes formed with IE1 that was transiently expressed in insect cells. Phosphatase treatment of the translation reactions resulted in an increase in the mobility of the DNA-protein complexes, suggesting that hyperphosphorylation was responsible for the altered migration. To further verify that IE1 was capable of binding DNA in the absence of host cell factors, an N-terminal truncation of IE1 was synthesized in vitro, and shown to interact with hr5. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of IE1 translated in vitro revealed that the mobility of the protein was heterogeneous. This pattern was altered by translation in the presence of an oligonucleotide corresponding to the IE1 specific binding site but was not affected by translation in the presence of a nonspecific DNA. These results suggest that binding of IE1 to DNA causes a conformational change in the protein that alters the accessibility of IE1 to protein kinases.
Overexpression of ACC gene from oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi enhanced the lipid accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with increased levels of glycerol 3-phosphate substrates (2016)

The conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is the rate-limiting step in fatty acid biosynthesis. In this study, a gene coding for ACC was isolated and characterized from an oleaginous yeast, Lipomyces starkeyi. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis of L. starkeyi acetyl-CoA carboxylase gene (LsACC1) showed that the expression levels were upregulated with the fast accumulation of lipids. The LsACC1 was co-overexpressed with the glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (GPD1), which regulates lipids biosynthesis by supplying another substrates glycerol 3-phosphate for storage lipid assembly, in the non-oleaginous yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Further, the S. cerevisiae acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ScACC1) was transferred with GPD1 and its function was analyzed in comparison with LsACC1. The results showed that overexpressed LsACC1 and GPD1 resulted in a 63% increase in S. cerevisiae. This study gives new data in understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of fatty acids and lipid biosynthesis in yeasts.