gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ray Tracing Animated Scenes using Motion Decomposition (2006)

Abstract Though ray tracing has recently become interactive, its high precomputation time for building spatial indices usually limits its applications to walkthroughs of static scenes. This is a major limitation, as most applications demand support for dynamically animated models. In this paper, we present a new approach to ray trace a special but important class of dynamic scenes, namely models whose connectivity does not change over time and for which all possible poses are known in advance. We support these kinds of models by introducing two new concepts: motion decomposition, and fuzzy kd‐trees. We analyze the animation and break the model down into submeshes with similar motion. For each of these submeshes and for every time step, we calculate a best affine transformation through a least square approach. Any residual motion is then captured in a single "fuzzy kd‐tree" for the entire animation. Together, these techniques allow for ray tracing animations without rebuilding the spatial index structures for the submeshes, resulting in interactive frame rates of 5 to 15 fps even on a single CPU. Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS): I.3.7 [Computer Graphics]: Ray tracing I.3.6 [Methodology and Techniques]: Graphics data structures and data types
The human peripheral lymph node vascular addressin is a ligand for LECAM-1, the peripheral lymph node homing receptor. (1991)

The trafficking of lymphocytes from the blood and into lymphoid organs is controlled by tissue-selective lymphocyte interactions with specialized endothelial cells lining post capillary venules, in particular the high endothelial venules (HEV) found in lymphoid tissues and sites of chronic inflammation. Lymphocyte interactions with HEV are mediated in part by lymphocyte homing receptors and tissue-specific HEV determinants, the vascular addressins. A peripheral lymph node addressin (PNAd) has been detected immunohistologically in mouse and man by monoclonal antibody MECA-79, which inhibits lymphocyte homing to lymph nodes and lymphocyte binding to lymph node and tonsillar HEV. The human MECA-79 antigen, PNAd, is molecularly distinct from the 65-kD mucosal vascular addressin. The most abundant iodinated species by SDS-PAGE is 105 kD. When affinity isolated and immobilized on glass slides, MECA-79 immunoisolated material binds human and mouse lymphocytes avidly in a calcium dependent manner. Binding is blocked by mAb MECA-79, by antibodies against mouse or human LECAM-1 (the peripheral lymph node homing receptor, the MEL-14 antigen, LAM-1), and by treatment of PNAd with neuraminidase. Expression of LECAM-1 cDNA confers PNAd binding ability on a transfected B cell line. We conclude that LECAM-1 mediates lymphocyte binding to PNAd, an interaction that involves the lectin activity of LECAM-1 and carbohydrate determinants on the addressin.
Managing data transfers in computer clusters with orchestra (2011)

Cluster computing applications like MapReduce and Dryad transfer massive amounts of data between their computation stages. These transfers can have a significant impact on job performance, accounting for more than 50% of job completion times. Despite this impact, there has been relatively little work on optimizing the performance of these data transfers, with networking researchers traditionally focusing on per-flow traffic management. We address this limitation by proposing a global management architecture and a set of algorithms that (1) improve the transfer times of common communication patterns, such as broadcast and shuffle, and (2) allow scheduling policies at the transfer level, such as prioritizing a transfer over other transfers. Using a prototype implementation, we show that our solution improves broadcast completion times by up to 4.5X compared to the status quo in Hadoop. We also show that transfer-level scheduling can reduce the completion time of high-priority transfers by 1.7X.
Persistent and Secondary Adenovirus-Mediated Hepatic Gene Expression Using Adenovirus Vector Containing CTLA4IgG (1998)

Adenovirus vectors can transfer recombinant genes efficiently into a wide variety of cells in vivo, but have serious limitations: gene expression is transient and secondary gene transfer is inefficient or impossible because of cellular and humoral immune responses against adenovirus-transduced cells. To solve these limitations, we have constructed an adenovirus vector, Adex1CACTLA4IgG, that expresses CTLA4IgG molecules. After in vivo administration of Adex1CACTLA4IgG (9.0 x 10(9) PFU), the peak level of serum CTLA4IgG was 29.8 mg/ml on day 4. The serum CTLA4IgG concentration gradually fell but was still 5.7 mg/ml on day 90. However, the serum concentration of CTLA4IgG was elevated after a second administration of Adex1CACTLA4IgG. The production of antibody against adenovirus was completely prevented after treatment with Adex1CACTLA4IgG. In addition, coadministration of Adex1CALacZ with Adex1CACTLA4IgG induced persistent hepatic expression of beta-Gal molecules, while administration of Adex1CALacZ alone induced transient expression of beta-Gal molecules. More importantly, on day 160 a secondary challenge with Adex1CALacZ was possible in mice treated with Adex1CALacZ plus Adex1CACTLA4IgG. Thus, we have demonstrated that (1) gene expression of a recombinant adenovirus, Adex1CACTLA4IgG, is persistent in liver and secondary administration of this adenovirus is possible, (2) coadministration of Adex1CACTLA4IgG virus with another adenovirus, AdexCALacZ, prolongs AdexCALacZ-mediated gene expression, and (3) Adex1CACTLA4IgG is useful for secondary challenge with Adex1CALacZ.
Current evidence supporting a role of cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) antagonists as potential pharmacotherapies for drug abuse disorders (2005)

Since the discovery of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) in 1988, and subsequently of the CB2 receptor (CB2R) in 1993, there has been an exponential growth of research investigating the functions of the endocannabinoid system. The roles of CB1Rs have been of particular interest to behavioral pharmacologists because of their selective presence within the central nervous system (CNS) and because of their association with brain-reward circuits involving mesocorticolimbic dopamine systems. One potential role that has become of considerable recent focus is the ability of CB1Rs to modulate the effects of drugs of abuse. Many drugs of abuse elevate dopamine levels, and the ability of CB1R antagonists or inverse agonists to attenuate these elevations has suggested their potential application as pharmacotherapies for treating drug abuse disorders. With the identification of the selective CB1R antagonist, SR141716, in 1994, and its subsequent widespread availability, there has been a rapid expansion of research investigating its ability to modulate the effects of drugs of abuse. The preliminary clinical reports of its success in retarding relapse in tobacco users have accelerated this expansion. This report critically reviews preclinical and clinical studies involving the ability of CB1R antagonists to attenuate the effects of drugs of abuse, while providing an overview of the neuroanatomical and neurochemical points of contact between the endocannabinoid system and systems mediating abuse-related effects.
Exploiting context to support social awareness and social navigation (2000)

The utilization of context (such as user location and user profile) opens up many new avenues for encouraging social interaction. The web-based GUIDE system enables visitors to the city of Lancaster to interact with an information model that represents the city via a hand-held and context-aware tourist guide. Our current work is focusing on extending the functionality of the (previously single user) GUIDE system by making parts of the information model public. In particular, the physical location of visitors can now be represented in the information space in order to enable a form of social awareness among city visitors. In addition, visitors can also change the information space by, for example, augmenting existing descriptions of the city's attractions with their own ratings. We believe that explicitly capturing and tagging the context associated with ratings provides a powerful mechanism for automatically tailoring information presented to the user.
In Vivo Analysis of the Regulatory Genes in the Nystatin Biosynthetic Gene Cluster of Streptomyces noursei ATCC 11455 Reveals Their Differential Control Over Antibiotic Biosynthesis (2004)

Six putative regulatory genes are located at the flank of the nystatin biosynthetic gene cluster in Streptomyces noursei ATCC 11455. Gene inactivation and complementation experiments revealed that nysRI, nysRII, nysRIII, and nysRIV are necessary for efficient nystatin production, whereas no significant roles could be demonstrated for the other two regulatory genes. To determine the in vivo targets for the NysR regulators, chromosomal integration vectors with the xylE reporter gene under the control of seven putative promoter regions upstream of the nystatin structural and regulatory genes were constructed. Expression analyses of the resulting vectors in the S. noursei wild-type strain and regulatory mutants revealed that the four regulators differentially affect certain promoters. According to these analyses, genes responsible for initiation of nystatin biosynthesis and antibiotic transport were the major targets for regulation. Data from cross-complementation experiments showed that nysR genes could in some cases substitute for each other, suggesting a functional hierarchy of the regulators and implying a cascade-like mechanism of regulation of nystatin biosynthesis.
Seam carving for content-aware image resizing (2007)

Effective resizing of images should not only use geometric constraints, but consider the image content as well. We present a simple image operator called seam carving that supports content-aware image resizing for both reduction and expansion. A seam is an optimal 8-connected path of pixels on a single image from top to bottom, or left to right, where optimality is defined by an image energy function. By repeatedly carving out or inserting seams in one direction we can change the aspect ratio of an image. By applying these operators in both directions we can retarget the image to a new size. The selection and order of seams protect the content of the image, as defined by the energy function. Seam carving can also be used for image content enhancement and object removal. We support various visual saliency measures for defining the energy of an image, and can also include user input to guide the process. By storing the order of seams in an image we create multi-size images, that are able to continuously change in real time to fit a given size.
Ground Truth for Grammaticality Correction Metrics (2015)

Courtney Napoles, Keisuke Sakaguchi, Matt Post, Joel Tetreault. Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 7th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 2: Short Papers). 2015.
Nanoformulation of paclitaxel to enhance cancer therapy (2012)

paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles greatly improved the physicochemical properties of paclitaxel without modifying its chemical structure, allowing for deep-site cancer drug delivery and enhancing the drug therapeutic efficiency.
Trends in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Mortality in China, 1973-2005 (2012)

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a disease with distinct ethnic and geographic distribution. The incidence of NPC in Chinese residing in Asia has declined over the last few decades, but NPC mortality trends in the entire Chinese population over time have not been systematically evaluated. In this study, we examined NPC mortality at the national level in China between 1973-2005. Mortality rates were derived from the databases of national retrospective surveys on cancer mortality conducted in the periods of 1973-1975, 1990-1992, and 2004-2005, respectively. NPC was classified according to the International classification of diseases. Age-adjusted mortality rates were calculated by direct standardization according to the world standard population. Trends in rates were evaluated by age, gender, geographic areas, and socioeconomic status. From 1973 to 2005, there was a general trend of decrease in NPC mortality in China, with higher rates in the south on a downward trend in the north. The age-standardized NPC mortality rates were 2.60 per 100,000 in 1973-1975, 1.94 per 100,000 in 1990-1992, and 1.30 per 100,000 in 2004-2005, respectively. The trend was similar in both men and women, in both urban and rural areas, but the declining rates in females were more remarkable than in males. The mortality rates were higher for the age groups above 50 years than those less than 50 years of age, both showing downward trend over 30-year period. In summary, the overall NPC mortality has consistently decreased in China over the past three decades, particularly in women and in old adults.
Start of Eta Car's X-ray Minimum (2014)

Analysis of Eta Car's X-ray spectrum in the 2-10 keV band using quicklook data from the XRay Telescope on Swift shows that the flux on July 30, 2014 was 4.9 plus or minus 2.0×10(exp-12) ergs s(exp-1)cm(exp-2). This flux is nearly equal to the X-ray minimum flux seen by RXTE in 2009, 2003.5, and 1998, and indicates that Eta Car has reached its X-ray minimum, as expected based on the 2024-day period derived from previous 2-10 keV observations with RXTE.
Simplification of outer joins (1995)

The removal of redundant outer joins is essential for the reassociation of outer joins with other binary operations. In this paper, we present a set of comprehensive algorithms that employ the properties of strong predicates along with the properties of SQL's projection, intersection, union and except operations in order to remove redundant outer joins from a complex query. For the purpose of query simplification, we generate additional projections by determining the keys. Our algorithm for generating keys is based on a novel concept of weak bindings that is essential for the queries containing outer joins. Our algorithm for converting outer joins to joins is based on a novel concept of join-reducibility, and computes a fixed point solution for a general query. If the query does not contain intersect and outer join operations, then the fixed point solution is not required.
The intravenous and oral pharmacokinetics of lotilaner in dogs (2017)

The pharmacokinetic properties of lotilaner administered orally as a flavoured chewable tablet (Credelio™) were studied in detail. With a T<sub>max</sub> of 2 h and a terminal half-life of 30.7 days under fed conditions, lotilaner provides a rapid onset of flea and tick killing activity with consistent and sustained efficacy for at least 1 month.
Starch conversion technology (1985)

This volume with contributions by 17 international experts provides an overview of processes by which starch is converted to a form which makes it more suitable for other applications. Products from starch biochemical conversions include organic acids, alcohol, bipolymers, enzymes, amino acids, antibiotics and hormones. Alcohol produced from starch can be used to reduce dependency on petroleum for energy. Literature references and a subject index are provided.
Clinical Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor of Stomach (2001)

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the outcomes of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs) of the stomach who were treated in our hospital. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively studied 31 patients who were treated for primary gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the stomach from 1990 to 1999 at Korea University Guro Hospital. Clinical characteristics, including age, sex and tumor size were analyzed. In addition, the relation between the 5-year survival rate and tumor size, operative procedure, and malignancy were analyzed to identify the factors that predict survival. Results: The malignant GISTs were 11 cases, borderline GISTs were 2 cases, and benign GISTs were 18 cases. The overall 5-year cumulative survival rate of the patients was , and the 5-year survival rates according to malignancy were for benign and borderline GISTs and for malignant GISTs, p=0.1119. The 5-year survival rates according to tumor size were for tumor sizes smaller than 5 cm and for tumor sizes larger than 5 cm, p=0.0453. The 5-year survival rate according to lymph node dissection during operative procedure of malignant GISTs was not significant statistically. Conclusions: GISTs of the stomach are infrequently encountered tumors. Tumor size was the most important factor for predicting survival in a clinical situation, and performing a complete resection of the tumor, especially tumors larger than 5 cm, will improve the outcome of treatment.
Finite Subgroups of F 4(C) and E 6(C) (1997)

The isomorphism types of finite Lie primitive subgroups of the complex Lie groups E6(C) and F4(C) are determined. Here, we call a finite subgroup of a complex Lie group G Lie primitive if it is not contained in a proper closed subgroup of G of positive dimension. Induction can be used to investigate subgroups which are not Lie primitive. Some additional information is provided, such as the characters of these finite subgroups on some small-dimensional modules for the Lie groups. In studying these groups, we mainly use two rational linear representations of the universal covering group E ~ of E6(C), namely a 27-dimensional module (there are two inequivalent ones), denoted by K, and the adjoint module. In particular, we make heavy use of the characters of E ~ on these modules. The group F4(C) occurs in E ~ as the stabilizer subgroup of a vector in K. The finite simple groups of which a perfect central extension occurs in F4(C) or E6(C) are: via G2: Alt5, Alt6, L(2,7), L(2,8), L(2,13), U(3,3), via F4: Alt7, Alt8, Alt9, L(2,17), L(2,25), L(2,27), L(3,3), 3 D 4 ( 2 ), U(4,2), O(7,2), O+(8,2), via E6: Alt10, Alt11, L(2, 11), L(2,19), L(3,4), U(4,3), 2 F 4 ( 2 ) ′ , M11, J2. This list has been found using the classification of the finite simple groups. On the basis of this list, the finite Lie primitive subgroups are found to be either the normalizers of one of these subgroups or of one of the two elementary abelian 3-groups found by Alekseevskii. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: 20K47, 20G40, 17B45, 20C10.
Increased expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase and its upstream regulating signal in human gastric cancer (2005)

To investigate the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and its upstream protein kinase in human gastric cancer and to evaluate the relationship between protein levels and clinicopathological parameters.
Structural and thermodynamic properties ofAg‐Conanoclusters (2005)

The Metropolis Monte Carlo and molecular statics methods with a semiempirical embedded atom potential are used to study the structural and thermodynamic equilibrium states of $\mathrm{Ag}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Co}$ isolated nanoparticles. The state parameters considered are size (from 200 to 3000 atoms), temperature (from $0\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}1500\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$), and composition (from elemental Co to elemental Ag). A lower and an upper limit to the Co concentration is found for the occurrence of a core-shell structure. The lower limit results from a balance between $\mathrm{Co}\text{\penalty1000-\hskip0pt}\mathrm{Co}$ binding energy and the stress of the Ag lattice. The upper limit is a consequence of the wetting of the Co core by Ag. When the core-shell structure takes place, the Ag shell induces an expansion of the Co core of no more than 2% while the Co core induces an average contraction of the Ag lattice which is twice as large and is mainly taken over by the interfacial Ag atomic layer. Co cores melt at a temperature lower than $1500\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, which is not sensitive to the thickness of the Ag shell. Inside the Co cores, coexistence is found possible between a liquid layer surrounding a solid center and the thickness of the liquid layer is an increasing function of temperature. With increasing temperature, depending on its thickness, the Ag shell may undergo a crystal to amorphous transition followed by an amorphous to liquid transition. The former is caused by the Co core but proceeds from the Ag free surface. The melting temperature of the Ag shell is fairly lower than of the Co core, suggesting the possibility of core-shell nanoparticles with a solid core and a liquid shell.
Characterization of DinR, the Bacillus subtilis SOS repressor (1997)

In Bacillus subtilis, exposure to DNA damage and the development of natural competence lead to the induction of the SOS regulon. It has been hypothesized that the DinR protein is the cellular repressor of the B. subtilis SOS system due to its homology to the Escherichia coli LexA transcriptional repressor. Indeed, comparison of DinR and its homologs from gram-negative and -positive bacteria revealed conserved structural motifs within the carboxyl-terminal domain that are believed to be important for autocatalysis of the protein. In contrast, regions within the DNA binding domain were conserved only within gram-negative or -positive genera, which possibly explains the differences in the sequence specificities between gram-negative and gram-positive SOS boxes. The hypothesis that DinR is the repressor of the SOS regulon in B. subtilis has been tested through overexpression, purification, and characterization of the DinR protein. Like E. coli LexA, B. subtilis DinR undergoes an autocatalytic reaction at alkaline pH at a siscile Ala91-Gly92 bond. The cleavage reaction can also be mediated in vitro under more physiological conditions by the E. coli RecA protein. By using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we demonstrated that DinR interacts with the previously characterized SOS box of the B. subtilis recA gene, but not with sequences containing single base pair mutations within the SOS box. Together, these observations strongly suggest that DinR is the repressor of the SOS regulon in B. subtilis.
Semantics and implementation of schema evolution in object-oriented databases (1987)

Object-oriented programming is well-suited to such data-intensive application domains as CAD/CAM, AI, and OIS (office information systems) with multimedia documents. At MCC we have built a prototype object-oriented database system, called ORION. It adds persistence and sharability to objects created and manipulated in applications implemented in an object-oriented programming environment. One of the important requirements of these applications is schema evolution, that is, the ability to dynamically make a wide variety of changes to the database schema. In this paper, following a brief review of the object-oriented data model that we support in ORION, we establish a framework for supporting schema evolution, define the semantics of schema evolution, and discuss its implementation.
Droplet-Based Microfluidics (2012)

Droplet-based microfluidics or digital microfluidics is a subclass of microfluidic devices, wherein droplets are generated using active or passive methods. The active method for generation of droplets involves the use of an external factor such as an electric field for droplet generation. Two techniques that fall in this category are dielectrophoresis (DEP) and electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD). In passive methods, the droplet generation depends on the geometry and dimensions of the device. T-junction and flow focusing methods are examples of passive methods used for generation of droplets. In this chapter the methods used for droplet generation, mixing of contents of droplets, and the manipulation of droplets are described in brief. A review of the applications of digital microfluidics with emphasis on the last decade is presented.