gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Engineered Pathway for the Formation of Protein Disulfide Bonds (2004)

We have engineered a pathway for the formation of disulfide bonds. By imposing evolutionary pressure, we isolated mutations that changed thioredoxin, which is a monomeric disulfide reductase, into a [2Fe-2S] bridged dimer capable of catalyzing O2-dependent sulfhydryl oxidation in vitro. Expression of the mutant protein in Escherichia coli with oxidizing cytoplasm and secretion via the Tat pathway restored disulfide bond formation in strains that lacked the complete periplasmic oxidative machinery (DsbA and DsbB). The evolution of [2Fe-2S] thioredoxin illustrates how mutations within an existing scaffold can add a cofactor and markedly change protein function.
Escherichia coli mutY gene product is required for specific A-G----C.G mismatch correction. (1988)

A-G mispairs are subject to correction by two distinct pathways in cell-free extracts of Escherichia coli [Su, S.-S., Lahue, R.S., Au, K.G. & Modrich, P. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 6829-6835; Lu, A.-L. & Chang, D.Y. (1988) Genetics 118, 593-600]. One is the mutHLS-dependent, methyl-directed pathway that recognizes a variety of mismatches and repairs the unmethylated strand of DNA heteroduplexes that are hemimethylated at d(GATC) sequences. The other pathway appears to be specific for A-G mispairs, yields C.G base pairs exclusively, and is independent of the presence of d(GATC) sites. Analyses of cell-free extracts prepared from E. coli mutY strains and isogenic parents have demonstrated that the mutY gene product is involved in the methyl-independent pathway, which converts A-G mispairs to C.G pairs. The specificity of this activity is consistent with the mutator phenotype associated with the mutY locus, which generates G.C----T.A transversions [Nghiem, Y., Cabrera, M., Cupples, C.G. & Miller, J.H. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 2709-2713]. We propose that the mutY product functions at a late stage of a pathway that excludes A-G mispairs during chromosome replication and that involves the function of the mutT gene product. This model suggests that the mutT function acts at an early stage of this pathway to exclude A-G mismatches where the adenine resides on the template DNA strand. A-G mispairs that persist after passage of the replication fork would contain guanine on the template strand and thus be processed to C.G base pairs by the mutY-dependent repair system.
Evidence for the Biologically Active Form of Cholecalciferol in the Intestine (1970)

Abstract Fifteen hours after the intracardiac administration of a physiological dose (0.65 nmole) of radioactive cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) to rachitic chicks, the bulk of the radioactivity in the plasma, liver, and intestine exists as three polar metabolites. These are designated Metabolites 4A, 4B, and 4C on the basis of their chromatographic mobility on silicic acid columns. After doses of 0.65 to 6.5 nmoles of cholecalciferol, the predominant metabolite found in the plasma is 4A with smaller amounts of 4B and 4C. In the intestine, a primary target tissue of cholecalciferol, the predominant metabolite is 4B, with much smaller amounts of 4A and 4C. Metabolite 4A from both the plasma and intestine is tentatively identified as 25-hydroxycholecalciferol on the basis of its migration with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol during silicic acid column chromatography. The biological activity of Metabolites 4A and 4B was examined with an assay which measures intestinal calcium transport, in vivo. Both 4A and 4B have biological activity significantly greater than equivalent amounts of cholecalciferol. The kinetics of the appearance of Metabolite 4B in the intestine and its binding to intestinal chromatin are consistent with the lag in the physiological response to cholecalciferol. When radioactive Metabolite 4A is administered to rachitic chicks, the bulk of the plasma radioactivity remains as 4A, but the predominant metabolite found in the intestine is 4B. These data support the concept that Metabolite 4B may be the biologically active form of cholecalciferol in the intestine and that 25-hydroxycholecalciferol is an intermediate in its formation.
Rhodium(II) acetate and Nafion-H catalyzed decomposition of N-aryldiazoamides. Efficient synthesis of 2(3H)-indolinones (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRhodium(II) acetate and Nafion-H catalyzed decomposition of N-aryldiazoamides. Efficient synthesis of 2(3H)-indolinonesMichael P. Doyle, Michael S. Shanklin, Hoan Q. Pho, and Surendra N. MahapatroCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 5, 1017–1022Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00240a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00240a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1296Altmetric-Citations110LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Block Copolymer Thin Films: Physics and Applications (2001)

▪ Abstract A two-part review of research concerning block copolymer thin films is presented. The first section summarizes experimental and theoretical studies of the fundamental physics of these systems, concentrating upon the forces that govern film morphology. The role of film thickness and surface energetics on the morphology of compositionally symmetric, amorphous diblock copolymer films is emphasized, including considerations of boundary condition symmetry, so-called hybrid structures, and surface chemical expression. Discussions of compositionally asymmetric systems and emerging research areas, e.g., liquid-crystalline and A-B-C triblock systems, are also included. In the second section, technological applications of block copolymer films, e.g., as lithographic masks and photonic materials, are considered. Particular attention is paid to means by which microphase domain order and orientation can be controlled, including exploitation of thickness and surface effects, the application of external fields, and the use of patterned substrates.
Metabolomics profiles delineate uridine deficiency contributes to mitochondria-mediated apoptosis induced by celastrol in human acute promyelocytic leukemia cells (2016)

Celastrol, extracted from "Thunder of God Vine", is a promising anti-cancer natural product. However, its effect on acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and underlying molecular mechanism are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to explore its effect on APL and underlying mechanism based on metabolomics. Firstly, multiple assays indicated that celastrol could induce apoptosis of APL cells via p53-activated mitochondrial pathway. Secondly, unbiased metabolomics revealed that uridine was the most notable changed metabolite. Further study verified that uridine could reverse the apoptosis induced by celastrol. The decreased uridine was caused by suppressing the expression of gene encoding Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, whose inhibitor could also induce apoptosis of APL cells. At last, mouse model confirmed that celastrol inhibited tumor growth through enhanced apoptosis. Celastrol could also decrease uridine and DHODH protein level in tumor tissues. Our in vivo study also indicated that celastrol had no systemic toxicity at pharmacological dose (2 mg/kg, i.p., 21 days). Altogether, our metabolomics study firstly reveals that uridine deficiency contributes to mitochondrial apoptosis induced by celastrol in APL cells. Celastrol shows great potential for the treatment of APL.
Mucoadhesive drug delivery system: An overview (2010)

Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems interact with the mucus layer covering the mucosal epithelial surface, and mucin molecules and increase the residence time of the dosage form at the site of absorption. The drugs which have local action or those which have maximum absorption in gastrointestinal tract (GIT) require increased duration of stay in GIT. Thus, mucoadhesive dosage forms are advantageous in increasing the drug plasma concentrations and also therapeutic activity. In this regard, this review covers the areas of mechanisms and theories of mucoadhesion, factors influencing the mucoadhesive devices and also various mucoadhesive dosage forms.
Configurable systems-on-chip (CSoC) (2002)

Systems-on-chip (SoCs) has become reality now, driven by fast development of CMOS VLSI technologies. Complex system integration onto one single die introduces a set of various challenges and perspectives for industrial and academic institutions. Important issues to be addressed here are cost-effective technologies, efficient and application-tailored hardware/software architectures, and corresponding IP-based EDA methods. Due to exponentially increasing CMOS mask costs, essential aspects for the industry are now adaptivity of SoCs, which can be realized by integrating reconfigurable re-usable hardware parts on different granularities into configurable systems-on-chip (CSoCs).
The Babel of Bioinformatics (2000)

As more and more genomes are sequenced, it is becoming clear that deciphering the clues latent in these sequences is anything but trivial. In this Techview, Attwood analyzes the current state of the art in sequence-structure-function bioinformatics. She highlights the need for precise terminology, and argues that a holistic view of complex biological systems will be an essential next step for bioinformatics.
Application of Functional Monomers for Dental Use (Part-9) (1985)

Four kinds of succinoxy methacrylates (2-succinoxypropyl methacrylate (2SPrM), 2-succinoxyethyl methacrylate (2SEM), 2-succinoxy-3-phenoxypropyl methacrylate (SPPM), and 2, 2-bis-(-4-(-2-succinoxy-3-methacryloxypropoxy)-phenyl-)-propane (Bis-SGMA)) were synthesized to improve the adhesive property of dental resins to tooth structure. Also the relations between concentration or chemical structure of these monomers and their adhesive property to polished and etched tooth surfaces were investigated.The highest adhesion to unetched enamel surface after standing at room temperature and after soaking in water was obtaind with Bis-SGMA (50mol%), and SPPM (40mol%).The highest adhesion to unetched dentin surface after standing at room temperature and after soaking in water was obtained with 2SEM (55-65mol%).The highest adhesion to etched enamel and dentin surfaces was obtained with SPPM (40mol%), and Bis-SGMA (15-25mol%).
Complete inhibition of growth followed by death of human malignant melanoma cells in vitro and regression of human melanoma xenografts in immunodeficient mice induced by camptothecins. (1992)

The plant alkaloid camptothecin and three camptothecin derivatives were used to study responses of human malignant melanoma (BRO) cells xenografted in immunodeficient (nude) mice. Camptothecin and its derivatives 9-nitro-20(S)-camptothecin and 9-amino-20(S)-camptothecin inhibited growth of tumors and caused regression in all tumor-bearing mice. Tumor regression was accompanied by degenerative changes in the tumor cells, as assessed by microscopic observations of histological sections prepared from the tumors. No toxic effects were observed in the drug-treated mice, with or without xenografts. In parallel experiments, camptothecin, 9-nitro-20(S)-camptothecin, and 9-amino-20(S)-camptothecin inhibited proliferation of BRO cells in vitro and resulted in dramatic morphological cellular changes comparable to those observed in the sections of solid tumors. The derivative 12-nitro-20(S)-camptothecin had no effect on BRO tumors or cell cultures. The difference between 9-nitro-20(S)-camptothecin and 12-nitro-20(S)-camptothecin is the position at which the NO2 group is attached to the camptothecin molecule. In contrast to BRO melanoma cells, none of the camptothecin derivatives had any effect on cultured human melanocytes, the normal counterparts of melanoma cells. Taken together, the findings indicate that camptothecin and derivatives exert different effects on the growth and morphology of normal and malignant (BRO) melanocytes.
Prostate Cancer Clinical Trial End Points: “RECIST”ing a Step Backwards (2005)

Trial eligibility and end points based solely on tumor regression are not applicable to the majority of the clinical manifestations of prostate cancers representing all clinical states. Treatment effects can be described more precisely if eligibility criteria are adapted to the clinical question being addressed and clinical state under study, focusing on the duration of benefit defined biochemically, radiographically, and/or clinically.
A Submaximal Dose of Insulin Promotes Net Skeletal Muscle Protein Synthesis in Patients With Severe Burns (1999)

Submaximal insulin can promote muscle anabolism without eliciting a hypoglycemic response.
Calcitonin gene-related peptide in myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion in the pig (1998)

Exogenously administered CGRP can cause systemic hypotension and augments postischaemic coronary flow. In this model, no cardioprotective effect of CGRP could be proven.
Floating-body effects on propagation delay in SOI/CMOS LSIs (2002)

Summary form only given. The analyses of floating body instabilities in partially-depleted SOI/CMOS devices have been carried out using simulations and transistor measurements. To date, however, these analyses have been limited to small scale ICs. Thus, the applicability of partially-depleted SOI/CMOS devices with floating-body configurations to VLSI chips has not been clarified yet. This paper analyzes the frequency-dependent delay time of a 0.5 /spl mu/m 64-bit adder under various supply voltages and temperatures together with the body potential of floating-body devices using a high-accuracy device simulator.
Cytokine actions in growth disorders associated with pediatric chronic inflammatory diseases (Review) (2006)

Growth disorders are commonly observed in children suffering from chronic inflammatory diseases such as Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). These disorders range from general growth retardation to local acceleration of growth in the affected limb and are associated with the increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this article, we review how cytokines influence child growth by exerting a local effect at the level of the growth plate, and through systemic effects throughout the whole body.
Improvements in electrostatic discharge performance of InGaAsP semiconductor lasers by facet passivation (1992)

Chemically treating laser facets with aqueous sulfides can significantly improve the electrostatic discharge (ESD) performance of InGaAsP semiconductor lasers. Commercial lasers free of internal defects were subjected to forward-biased Human Body Model ESD stress pulses. Devices passivated with sulfides exhibited a mean ESD failure voltage more than 400% higher than that of the untreated control group. Subsequent accelerated aging experiments suggest that a thick layer of oxide covering the laser facets, largely removed by the sulfide treatment, is responsible for the low ESD failure voltage on untreated devices. This suggests that sulfide passivation followed by facet encapsulation in a robust dielectric could result in permanent protection against ESD failure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The NQO1*2/*2 polymorphism is associated with poor overall survival in patients following resection of stages II and IIIa non-small cell lung cancer (2011)

NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), is a cytosolic flavoenzyme that catalyzes the two-electron reduction of quinones into hydroquinones. A polymorphism (NQO1*2) alters enzymatic activity of NQO1 resulting in diminished NQO1 activity. Malignancies with NQO1*2 may be resistant to radiation and chemotherapy with resulting poorer survival. NQO1 allele was evaluated in subjects enrolled in ECOG 3590, a randomized comparison of radiation (RT) vs radiation and chemotherapy with cisplatin/etoposide (RCT) in patients with completely resected stages II and IIIa NSCLC. Overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared via the log-rank test. Cox models were used to assess the impact of covariates on outcomes. Among 152 patients with assessable samples, 24 (16%) had NQO1*2. Median follow-up was 139 months. The presence of NQO1*2/*2 was associated with decreased overall survival (OS) (median in the heterozygote/wild-type group 42.3 vs. 33.5 months in the variant group, p=0.04). In a multivariable Cox model, variant NQO1 (HR = 1.58, p = 0.05), age <60 (HR = 0.67, p = 0.04), PS 1 (HR = 1.47, p = 0.05), cardiovascular disease (HR = 1.93, p = 0.003) and alkaline phosphatase <100 mg/ml (HR = 0.59, p = 0.005) were all significant predictors of OS. NQO1*2/*2 may be an independent predictor of poor overall survival in individuals with resected stages II and IIIa NSCLC. Although the basis for the NQO1 association with decreased survival requires additional evaluation, NQO1 may represent a biomarker for guiding individualized therapy.
Sensitivity of psychiatric diagnosis based on the best estimate procedure (1992)

The higher rate of diagnoses based on the best estimate procedure may represent an enhancement in the accuracy of psychiatric diagnoses or an increase in erroneous diagnoses. The authors consider the second possibility less likely.
Structural Analysis of .beta.-Turn Mimics Containing a Substituted 6-Aminocaproic Acid Linker (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural Analysis of .beta.-Turn Mimics Containing a Substituted 6-Aminocaproic Acid LinkerOsamu Kitagawa, David Vander Velde, Dinah Dutta, Martha Morton, Fusao Takusagawa, and Jeffrey AubeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 19, 5169–5178Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00124a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00124a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views562Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Detecting Ventricular Fibrillation by Time-Delay Methods (2006)

A pivotal component in automated external defibrillators (AEDs) is the detection of ventricular fibrillation (VF) by means of appropriate detection algorithms. In scientific literature there exists a wide variety of methods and ideas for handling this task. These algorithms should have a high detection quality, be easily implementable, and work in realtime in an AED. Testing of these algorithms should be done by using a large amount of annotated data under equal conditions. For our investigation we simulated a continuous analysis by selecting the data in steps of 1 s without any preselection. We used the complete BIH-MIT arrhythmia database, the CU database, and files 7001-8210 of the AHA database. For a new VF detection algorithm we calculated the sensitivity, specificity, and the area under its receiver operating characteristic curve and compared these values with the results from an earlier investigation of several VF detection algorithms. This new algorithm is based on time-delay methods and outperforms all other investigated algorithms.
Automatically characterizing places with opportunistic crowdsensing using smartphones (2012)

Automated and scalable approaches for understanding the semantics of places are critical to improving both existing and emerging mobile services. In this paper, we present [email protected] (CSP), a framework that exploits a previously untapped resource -- opportunistically captured images and audio clips from smartphones -- to link place visits with place categories (e.g., store, restaurant). CSP combines signals based on location and user trajectories (using WiFi/GPS) along with various visual and audio place "hints" mined from opportunistic sensor data. Place hints include words spoken by people, text written on signs or objects recognized in the environment. We evaluate CSP with a seven-week, 36-user experiment involving 1,241 places in five locations around the world. Our results show that CSP can classify places into a variety of categories with an overall accuracy of 69%, outperforming currently available alternative solutions.
From Genes to Gene Medicines: Recent Advances in Nonviral Gene Delivery (1998)

Over the last decade, research in somatic gene therapy has focused on selected approaches to deliver therapeutic genes to cells both ex vivo and in vivo. While most current gene therapy clinical trials are based on cell- and viral-mediated approaches, nonviral gene medicines are emerging as potentially safe and effective in the treatment of a wide variety of genetic and acquired diseases. Nonviral technologies consist of plasmid-based expression systems containing a gene encoding a therapeutic protein and synthetic gene delivery systems. In addition to the therapeutic gene, plasmid-based expression systems contain other genetic sequences to control the in vivo production and secretion of a protein. They may include elements that prolong extrachromosomal gene expression, cell-specific promoters and, optionally, gene switches for enabling drug-regulated gene therapy. Unique gene delivery systems will be required depending upon the biology and (patho)physiology of the target tissue. This review provides a critical view of gene therapy with a major focus on advanced nonviral technologies to control the in vivo location and function of administered genes.
Chemical Treatment for Inducing Bioactivity of TiO<sub>2</sub> Coating (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.