gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ascending Migration of Endophytic Rhizobia, from Roots to Leaves, inside Rice Plants and Assessment of Benefits to Rice Growth Physiology (2005)

Rhizobia, the root-nodule endosymbionts of leguminous plants, also form natural endophytic associations with roots of important cereal plants. Despite its widespread occurrence, much remains unknown about colonization of cereals by rhizobia. We examined the infection, dissemination, and colonization of healthy rice plant tissues by four species of gfp-tagged rhizobia and their influence on the growth physiology of rice. The results indicated a dynamic infection process beginning with surface colonization of the rhizoplane (especially at lateral root emergence), followed by endophytic colonization within roots, and then ascending endophytic migration into the stem base, leaf sheath, and leaves where they developed high populations. In situ CMEIAS image analysis indicated local endophytic population densities reaching as high as 9 x 10(10) rhizobia per cm3 of infected host tissues, whereas plating experiments indicated rapid, transient or persistent growth depending on the rhizobial strain and rice tissue examined. Rice plants inoculated with certain test strains of gfp-tagged rhizobia produced significantly higher root and shoot biomass; increased their photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration velocity, water utilization efficiency, and flag leaf area (considered to possess the highest photosynthetic activity); and accumulated higher levels of indoleacetic acid and gibberellin growth-regulating phytohormones. Considered collectively, the results indicate that this endophytic plant-bacterium association is far more inclusive, invasive, and dynamic than previously thought, including dissemination in both below-ground and above-ground tissues and enhancement of growth physiology by several rhizobial species, therefore heightening its interest and potential value as a biofertilizer strategy for sustainable agriculture to produce the world's most important cereal crops.
Size-driven magnetic transitions in monodisperse MnO nanocrystals (2010)

We report the observation of weak ferromagnetism up to T(C) approximately 250 K and a spin-glass-like behavior at temperatures below T(SG) approximately 30 K in nanoscale MnO particles. T(SG) is considerably lower and T(C) is much higher than the Néel temperature (T(N)=122 K) of bulk MnO. While the dominant low temperature behavior (below 30 K) may be attributed to the effects studied in this system before, such as uncompensated surface spins in antiferromagnetic particles, no manganese oxides have been observed with the Curie temperature as high as 250 K. We explain the magnetic ordering below T(C) as due to indirect exchange of the type observed in dilute magnetic oxides, which can be mediated by crystal defects andor surfaces.
Transformations of steroidal neopentyl systems. II. Migration of acetate from the 3β- to the 19-hydroxyl in Δ5 and A/B-trans steroids (1967)

Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of 19-triphenylmethyloxy-3β-acetoxy-Δ 5 and -A/B-trans steroids gave the corresponding 19-acetoxy-3β-hydroxy products. In the absence of the 19-triphenylmethyloxy group, transesterification did not occur. Evidence supporting an intramolecular mechanism is presented. It is suggested that the reaction proceeds via an ortho ester VII resulting from the attack of the 19-ether oxygen on the "acetate cation" VI formed by the protonation of the acetate carbonyl.
TCL1 is overexpressed in patients affected by adult T-cell leukemias. (1997)

Among mature postthymic T-cell leukemias, adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) has characteristic clinicopathological entities. The association with the human T-cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type I is one of the distinctive etiopathogenetic features of this disease. However, unlike other acute transforming retroviruses, the human T-cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type I lacks an oncogene within its genome. Other human postthymic leukemias, such as T-prolymphocytic leukemias, involve mostly the CD4 cellular subset and share many similarities to ATLs (aggressive course, cutaneous involvement, CD4+, CD29+, CD45RA- phenotype, and alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase positivity). A chromosomal rearrangement at 14q32.1, involved in translocations or inversions with either the alpha/delta locus [t(14;14)(q11;q32.1), inv14(q11;q32.1)], or the beta-chain locus of the T-cell receptor [t(7;14)(q35;q32.1)] is found. These rearrangements disregulate a gene, TCL1, located at the 14q32.1 region, that we show is physiologically expressed in CD4/CD8 double-negative thymocyte cells, but not in more differentiated CD4+ and CD8+ subpopulations. Here, using molecular and immunocytochemical analysis, we report that TCL1 is also overexpressed in 10 of 10 ATL specimens, indicating that this gene may play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Competition controls the rate of transition between the peripheral pools of CD4+CD25- and CD4+CD25+ T cells (2006)

Recent reports have hinted that it is possible to regenerate CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) from CD4+CD25- cells, a phenomenon termed conversion. We evaluated the relative contribution of this process to the Treg pool by transferring purified populations of CD4+ T cells into T cell-deficient mice. We report that conversion of CD25- cells into the CD4+CD25+Treg pool is minor if other bona fide CD25+ Tregs are present. Moreover, in the same hosts, the loss of CD25 expression by a population of Tregs also decreases in the presence of co-injected CD4+CD25- cells. Thus, the rate of exchange between CD25- and CD25+ T-cell populations is determined by the presence or absence of T-cell competitors. Our results attest for the role of competition in the contribution of different T-cell subsets for the regeneration of the peripheral CD4+ T-cell pool during lymphopenia.
The Synthesis of a Prodrug of Doxorubicin Designed to Provide Reduced Systemic Toxicity and Greater Target Efficacy (2001)

Doxorubicin (Dox) can provide some stabilization in prostate cancer; however, its use is limited because of systemic toxicities, primarily cardiotoxicity and immunosuppression. The administration of a prodrug of doxorubicin, designed to permit selective activation by the tumor, would reduce general systemic exposure to the active drug and would thereby increase the therapeutic index. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a serine protease with chymotrypsin-like activity that is a member of the kallikrein gene family. PSA's putative physiological role is the liquefaction of semen by virtue of its ability to cleave the seminal fluid proteins semenogelins I and II. Serum PSA levels have been found to correlate well with the number of malignant prostate cells. The use of a prodrug which is cleaved by the enzyme PSA in the prostate should in principle produce high localized concentrations of the cytotoxic agent at the tumor site while limiting systemic exposure to the active drug. Cleavage maps following PSA treatment of human semenogelin were constructed. Systematic modification of the amino acid residues flanking the primary cleavage site led to the synthesis of a series of short peptides which were efficiently hydrolyzed by PSA. Subsequent coupling of selected peptides to doxorubicin provided a series of doxorubicin-peptide conjugates which were evaluated in vitro and in vivo as targeted prodrugs for PSA-secreting tumor cells. From these studies we selected Glutaryl-Hyp-Ala-Ser-Chg-Gln-Ser-Leu-Dox, 27, as the peptide-doxorubicin conjugate with the best profile of physical and biological properties. Compound 27 has a greater than 20-fold selectivity against human prostate PSA-secreting LNCaP cells relative to the non-PSA-secreting DuPRO cell line. In nude mouse xenograft studies, 27 reduced PSA levels by 95% and tumor weight by 87% at a dose below its MTD. Both doxorubicin and Leu-Dox (13) were ineffective in reducing circulating PSA and tumor burden at their maximum tolerated doses. On the basis of these results, we selected 27 for further study to assess its ability to inhibit human prostate cancer cell growth and tumorigenesis.
Deletion of DNA sequence in a nononcogenic variant of Herpesvirus saimiri (1984)

The 110-kilobase-pair stretch of unique sequence DNA of Herpesvirus saimiri is flanked by highly repetitive DNA. Detailed restriction endonuclease mapping has localized the left junction of repetitive and unique DNA to a 100-base-pair region. H. saimiri 11att, a replication competent nononcogenic variant of strain 11, has a deletion of 2.3 kilobase pairs of sequence information that spans this left junction of repetitive and unique DNA.
Lethal E. coli septic shock is prevented by blocking tissue factor with monoclonal antibody. (1991)

Gram-negative bacteremia poses a major health problem, causing one-half of cases of lethal septic shock acquired during hospitalization. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1 (IL-1), have been shown to be essential mediators of septic shock. Among the effects of these mediators is a coagulopathy that may be triggered by induced expression of tissue factor (TF) on macrophages and endothelial cells. We now report that 500 micrograms/kg of either immunoglobulin G (IgG) or Fab fragments of a monoclonal antibody against TF administered to baboons as a pretreatment attenuates the coagulopathy and protects against LD100 Escherichia coli. This study provides direct evidence of an essential effector role for TF in septic shock.
Fetal Cell‐Free Nucleic Acids in the Maternal Circulation: New Clinical Applications (2004)

Six years after the demonstration of the presence of cell-free fetal nucleic acids in maternal plasma, perinatal clinical applications continue to expand. The focus of this article is on advances that have occurred since the CNAPS II conference held in Hong Kong in 2001. Circulating fetal DNA levels (fDNA) are elevated in pregnancies complicated by fetal trisomies 13 and 21 but not 18. Measurement of fDNA levels improves the performance of the current standard maternal serum screen, by increasing the detection of Down syndrome cases by 5% with no increase in the false-positive rate. fDNA levels are elevated in women who have developed clinical symptoms of preeclampsia, but they are also elevated by the early second trimester in women who will eventually develop preeclampsia. fDNA and mRNA gamma globin measurement may have clinical utility as markers for fetomaternal hemorrhage in the late first trimester. Cell-free fetal DNA levels are quite high in the amniotic fluid, permitting fetal genomic isolation and analysis using comparative genomic hybridization techniques. Fetal DNA crosses the blood-brain barrier and is detectable in maternal cerebrospinal fluid in a subset of pregnant women. The biological implications of this are currently unknown. Review of the literature suggests that the placenta is the predominant source of the circulating fetal nucleic acids. However, detection of gamma globin mRNA sequences in the plasma of pregnant women suggests that fetal blood cells also contribute to the pool of nucleic acids. Widespread incorporation of fetal nucleic acid measurement into routine prenatal care depends on the identification of a readily accessible gender-independent fetal marker.
Twin-Site ELlSAs for fos and myc Oncoproteins Using the AMPAK System (2003)

Twin-site ELISA is a simple technique for quantitation of specific proteins in cell or tissue extracts. The application of this method to fos and myc oncoproteins is described. There are two basic procedures: 1. Extraction of fos and myc proteins from biological material in a form suitable for immunoassay. 2. Determination of the amount of fos or myc protein in the extract by ELISA using specific antibodies, one of which is conjugated to alkaline phosphatase (AP) and is detected by the AMPAK™ amplifier system.
Aproximación a la criminalidad informática en Colombia (2006)

espanolEl continuo avance de la era digital en nuestro medio, y el aumento progresivo de conductas peligrosas contra los intereses de los ciudadanos, hace imperativo el analisis de lo que la doctrina penal moderna ha llamado como ‘delincuencia informatica’. Concepto no exento de inconvenientes, que aglutina una serie de comportamientos cuya recepcion juridica apenas comienza en Colombia. Ante dicho contexto, es necesario desarrollar una aproximacion a esta modalidad delictiva, no solo con el proposito de ahondar en sus caracteristicas, sino, tambien, para verificar la necesidad de crear una legislacion especial en la materia. EnglishThe continuous advance of the digital era in our means, and the progressive increase of dangerous behaviors against the citizen’s interests, makes imperative the analysis of what the modern criminal doctrine has called as ‘computer delinquency’. Concept doesn’t exempt of inconvenient that agglutinates a diverse series of behaviors whose juridical reception hardly begins in Colombia. In this context, it is necessary to develop an approach to this criminal modality, no only with the purpose to deepen in their characteristic, but, also, to verify the necessity to create a special legislation in the matter.
Differential screening identifies genetic markers of monocyte to macrophage maturation (1996)

Maturation of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte lineage from bone marrow precursors to tissue macrophages (MAC) via circulating blood monocytes (MO) is a multistep process only partially understood. Similarly, MAC differentiation can be observed if MO are cultured in vitro. In an attempt to further characterize molecular changes occurring during this process we carried out differential screening of a MO-derived MAC cDNA library using MO and MAC cDNA. After subcloning and confirmation by a second round of screening, partial sequencing of 41 cDNA clones was performed. In 33 clones the sequences of 7 different previously identified cDNAs were found. The mRNA expression of two of the corresponding genes (apolipoprotein E, ferritin light chain) is already known to be up-regulated during MAC maturation. For one gene (cathepsin B), a specific up-regulation of mRNA expression could be shown corresponding to previous protein data. For four genes [human cartilage glycoprotein (HC-gp39), osteopontin, type IV collagenase, and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase] the specific expression in MAC versus MO was previously unknown but could be confirmed by the use of Northern blot analysis. Of these genes, HC-gp39 is especially interesting because it is only expressed during the late stages of MAC differentiation.
A New Frontier for Headache (2010)

SPECIALTY GRAND CHALLENGE article Front. Neurol., 20 October 2010Sec. Headache and Neurogenic Pain https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2010.00135
Legacy to SOA Evolution: Evaluation Results (2012)

Enterprises depend on business-critical systems that have been developed over the last three decades or more, also known as legacy systems. They have several well-known disadvantages (e.g., inflexible, domain unspecific, and hard to maintain), and this is recognized by both the vendors and customers of these software systems. Both vendors and customers of these systems are well aware that better and cheaper customer specific solutions can be created following the service-oriented paradigm. Hence, momentum is growing within enterprises to evolve legacy systems towards Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA). The evolution to SOA is favored because of various advantages including well established sets of open standards, platform and language independent interfaces, clear separation of service interface and implementation, and loose-coupling among services. Over a decade there have been significant developments in legacy to SOA evolution and that has resulted in a large research body of which there exists no comprehensive overview. This chapter provides an historic overview, focusing on the methods and techniques used in a legacy to SOA evolution. We conducted a systematic literature review to collect legacy to SOA evolution approaches reported from 2000 to August 2011. To this end, 121 primary studies were collected and evaluated using an evaluation framework. This report presents the evaluation results of the systematic literature review. 1.
Glutathione Regulates Nitric Oxide Synthase in Cultured Hepatocytes (1997)

In cultured hepatocytes, adequate glutathione levels are required for optimal nitric oxide synthesis. This finding is predominantly due to an effect on iNOS mRNA levels, although glutathione also participates in the regulation of iNOS enzyme activity.
Identification of a new breast cancer-related gene by restriction landmark genomic scanning. (2006)

Two genes, Grb7 and CACNA1H, were identified by RLGS. The expression of CACNA1H in breast cancer was confirmed for the first time.
Photochemistry of aliphatic azo compounds in solution (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemistry of aliphatic azo compounds in solutionPaul S. Engel and Colin SteelCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1973, 6, 8, 275–281Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar50068a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ar50068a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views556Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Current management of ovarian cancer. (2015)

Cytoreductive surgery remains an accepted standard treatment of primary ovarian cancer. In advanced stages adjuvant platin/taxane chemotherapy with addition of anti-angiogenic agent, i.e., bevacizumab is recommended. The management of recurrent ovarian cancer remains a field of controversies. Surgery and/or systemic treatment are currently investigated in prospective trials. Retrospective data show prognosis improvement in patients who underwent complete cytoreduction. Thus, the selection of patients eligible for surgery in recurrent situation is the essential issue. The available predictors of complete resection depend on results of primary surgery and current patients situation. Women who fulfill these criteria have 76% likelihood of undergoing complete resection and survival prolongation. On the other hand there is a large group of patients in whom surgery might be too dangerous and demand an effective systemic treatment. Currently in a second-line several options are available, again including anti-angiogenic agents. The management of further recurrences is a subject of several clinical trials, nevertheless standards are still missing. Due to histological subtype and/or BRCA mutation status, the therapy in ovarian cancer might undergo revision in a near future.
HELIX FORMATION BY GUANYLIC ACID (1962)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Conformational changes between the active-site and regulatory light chain of myosin as determined by luminescence resonance energy transfer: The effect of nucleotides and actin (1998)

Myosin is thought to generate movement of actin filaments via a conformational change between its light-chain domain and its catalytic domain that is driven by the binding of nucleotides and actin. To monitor this change, we have measured distances between a gizzard regulatory light chain (Cys 108) and the active site (near or at Trp 130) of skeletal myosin subfragment 1 (S1) by using luminescence resonance energy transfer and a photoaffinity ATP-lanthanide analog. The technique allows relatively long distances to be measured, and the label enables site-specific attachment at the active-site with only modest affect on myosin's enzymology. The distance between these sites is 66.8 +/- 2.3 A when the nucleotide is ADP and is unchanged on binding to actin. The distance decreases slightly with ADP-BeF3, (-1.6 +/- 0.3 A) and more significantly with ADP-AlF4 (-4.6 +/- 0.2 A). During steady-state hydrolysis of ATP, the distance is temperature-dependent, becoming shorter as temperature increases and the complex with ADP.Pi is favored over that with ATP. We conclude that the distance between the active site and the light chain varies as Acto-S1-ADP approximately S1-ADP > S1-ADP-BeF3 > S1-ADP-AlF4 approximately S1-ADP-Pi and that S1-ATP > S1-ADP-Pi. The changes in distance are consistent with a substantial rotation of the light-chain binding domain of skeletal S1 between the prepowerstroke state, simulated by S1-ADP-AlF4, and the post-powerstroke state, simulated by acto-S1-ADP.
The NMR Structure of Human β-Defensin-2 Reveals a Novel α-Helical Segment, (2001)

Human beta-defensin-2 (HBD-2) is a member of the defensin family of antimicrobial peptides. HBD-2 was first isolated from inflamed skin where it is posited to participate in the killing of invasive bacteria and in the recruitment of cells of the adaptive immune response. Static light scattering and two-dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy have been used to assess the physical state and structure of HBD-2 in solution. At concentrations of < or = 2.4 mM, HBD-2 is monomeric. The structure is amphiphilic with a nonuniform surface distribution of positive charge and contains several key structural elements, including a triple-stranded, antiparallel beta-sheet with strands 2 and 3 in a beta-hairpin conformation. A beta-bulge in the second strand occurs at Gly28, a position conserved in the entire defensin family. In solution, HBD-2 exhibits an alpha-helical segment near the N-terminus that has not been previously ascribed to solution structures of alpha-defensins or to the beta-defensin BNBD-12. This novel structural element may be a factor contributing to the specific microbicidal or chemokine-like properties of HBD-2.