gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequence and function analysis of a 2·73 kb fragment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome II (1993)

Abstract The nucleotide sequence of a fragment of 2728 base pairs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome II has been determined. The sequence contains two open reading frames, one of them being incomplete. Deletion mutants of YBR11.21 are viable. YBR11.20 is identical to the recessive omnipotent suppressor SUP45 ( SUP1 ).
Mitigating Heterocycle Metabolism in Drug Discovery (2012)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVPerspectiveNEXTADDITION / CORRECTIONThis article has been corrected. View the notice.Mitigating Heterocycle Metabolism in Drug DiscoveryDavid J. St. Jean, Jr. and Christopher Fotsch*View Author Information Department of Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States*Telephone: 805-447-7746. Fax: 805-480-1337. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2012, 55, 13, 6002–6020Publication Date (Web):April 25, 2012Publication History Received12 March 2012Published online7 May 2012Published inissue 12 July 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm300343mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm300343mreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views20620Altmetric-Citations180LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Heterocyclic compounds,Inhibitors,Metabolism,Rodent models,Stability Get e-Alerts
Balanced, bi-planar magnetic field and field gradient coils for field compensation in wearable magnetoencephalography (2019)

To allow wearable magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings to be made on unconstrained subjects the spatially inhomogeneous remnant magnetic field inside the magnetically shielded room (MSR) must be nulled. Previously, a large bi-planar coil system which produces uniform fields and field gradients was used for this purpose. Its construction presented a significant challenge, six distinct coils were wound on two 1.6 × 1.6 m<sup>2</sup> planes. Here, we exploit shared coil symmetries to produce coils simultaneously optimised to generate homogenous fields and gradients. We show nulling performance comparable to that of a six-coil system is achieved with this three-coil system, decreasing the strongest field component B<sub>x</sub> by a factor of 53, and the strongest gradient dB<sub>x</sub>/dz by a factor of 7. To allow the coils to be used in environments with temporally-varying magnetic interference a dynamic nulling system was developed with a shielding factor of 40 dB at 0.01 Hz. Reducing the number of coils required and incorporating dynamic nulling should allow for greater take-up of this technology. Interactions of the coils with the high-permeability walls of the MSR were investigated using a method of images approach. Simulations show a degrading of field uniformity which was broadly consistent with measured values. These effects should be incorporated into future designs.
Clinical trials of agents that reverse multidrug resistance. A literature review (1993)

Because of predominantly negative results and unanswered fundamental questions regarding the biology of P-glycoprotein, additional clinical trials with less toxic modulators or their combination are appropriate to delineate optimal strategies for MDR1 reversal and to define the spectrum of responsive tumors. Additional attention also must be given to the coexistence of other resistance mechanisms that may offer separate opportunities for modulation.
Immimological Aspects of the Rheumatoid Synovium (1987)

The characteristics of the immunocompetent lymphoid cells which have invaded the synovial membrane during rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and related disorders are briefly reviewed. Various functional aspects of these cells are also discussed.
Antigen Targets of Type 1 Diabetes Autoimmunity (2012)

Type 1 diabetes is characterized by recognition of one or more β-cell proteins by the immune system. The list of target antigens in this disease is ever increasing and it is conceivable that additional islet autoantigens, possibly including pivotal β-cell targets, remain to be discovered. Many knowledge gaps remain with respect to the disorder's pathogenesis, including the cause of loss of tolerance to islet autoantigens and an explanation as to why targeting of proteins with a distribution of expression beyond β cells may result in selective β-cell destruction and type 1 diabetes. Yet, our knowledge of β-cell autoantigens has already led to translation into tissue-specific immune intervention strategies that are currently being assessed in clinical trials for their efficacy to halt or delay disease progression to type 1 diabetes, as well as to reverse type 1 diabetes. Here we will discuss recently gained insights into the identity, biology, structure, and presentation of islet antigens in relation to disease heterogeneity and β-cell destruction.
Typhoid Fever: Pathogenesis and Immunologic Control (1970)

Contribution of Bacterial EndotoxinEndotoxin is obviously an important component of any gram-negative rod such as the typhoid bacillus. Vi antigen appears important in enhancing human virulence of typhoid strains. It is not as simple to define the importance of endotoxin since this substance has many biologic and pharmacologic activities. Attempts were made in the course of these investigations to gather information on the role of purified endotoxin in the pathogenesis of typhoid fever by quantitating the response to endotoxin's pyrogenic activity in volunteers with and without typhoid fever.When 0.25 µg of a purified endotoxin from S. typhosa was . . .
Increased Chromosomal Variation in Transgenic versus Nontransgenic Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Plants (2000)

Plants from in vitro culture can exhibit somaclonal variation, two characteristics of which are structural rearrangements and variation in chromosome number. These characteristics were studied in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Golden Promise) callus and plants derived from nontransgenic and transgenic callus of approximately the same age; chromosomes were studied in cells from callus and root tips from plants. Analysis of these data revealed greater variation in ploidy in transgenic compared with nontransgenic plants. Of 59 independent transgenic lines, only 32 (54%) had normal diploid complements of 2 n = 2 x = 14, while 27 (46%) were tetraploid (2 n = 4 x = 28) or aneuploid around the tetraploid level (i.e., 26, 27, 29 and 30 chromosomes); no aneuploidy around the diploid number was observed. Nontransgenic plants regenerated after in vitro culture alone had a much lower percentage of tetraploids (0–4.3%). Most diploid plants had normal gross morphology, while tetraploid plants had abnormal morphological features. Ploidy determinations were made on randomly selected cells from callus of immature embryos cultured for 0 to 14 d. The number of tetraploid cells in 1‐d‐ to 7‐d‐old callus was around 2 to 4%; in callus comparable in age to that used to regenerate both the transgenic and the nontransgenic sets of plants, 23% of the cells were tetraploid. This percentage is lower than the percentage (46%) of tetraploid plants from the transgenic lines; however, it is considerably higher than the percentage (0–4.3%) of tetraploid plants from nontransgenic callus. Therefore, although chromosomal variation and abnormalities occur in callus and nontransgenic plants, the extent of ploidy changes in transgenic plants is exacerbated, perhaps due to the additional stresses that occur during transformation.
Tumor DNA in plasma at diagnosis of breast cancer patients is a valuable predictor of disease-free survival. (2002)

Tumor DNA in plasma at diagnosis in breast cancer patients can predict DFS, and its determination could be used as a prognostic factor in these patients.
Protection of Mice Against Lethal Japanese Encephalitis with a Recombinant Baculovirus Vaccine (1990)

Genes coding for the E and NS1 glycoproteins of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) were cloned into baculovirus expression vectors. The recombinant baculoviruses obtained were used to infect Spodoptera frugiperda cells. The infected cells were used to immunize C57/B mice, which were then challenged with live JEV. Survival was increased from about 30% in unimmunized mice to 70% in E and polyprotein recipients (P less than 0.005), but was not increased in NS1 recipients despite the development of antibody against NS1 by these mice. Virus neutralizing antibody was demonstrated in 18/20 E glycoprotein recipients and 15/20 polyprotein recipients. The baculovirus expressed E glycoprotein stimulated antibody which was protective and neutralizing in this system.
Local Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Therapy Increases Collateral Artery Formation in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice but Induces Systemic Monocytic CD11b Expression, Neointimal Formation, and Plaque Progression (2003)

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) stimulates the formation of a collateral circulation on arterial occlusion. The present study served to determine whether these proarteriogenic properties of MCP-1 are preserved in hyperlipidemic apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE-/-) mice and whether it affects the systemic development of atherosclerosis. A total of 78 apoE-/- mice were treated with local infusion of low-dose MCP-1 (1 microg/kg per week), high-dose MCP-1 (10 microg/kg per week), or PBS as a control after unilateral ligation of the femoral artery. Collateral hindlimb flow, measured with fluorescent microspheres, significantly increased on a 1-week high-dose MCP-1 treatment (PBS 22.6+/-7.2%, MCP-1 31.3+/-10.3%; P<0.05). These effects were still present 2 months after the treatment (PBS 44.3+/-4.6%, MCP-1 56.5+/-10.4%; P<0.001). The increase in collateral flow was accompanied by an increase in the number of perivascular monocytes/macrophages on MCP-1 treatment. However, systemic CD11b expression by monocytes also increased, as did monocyte adhesion at the aortic endothelium and neointimal formation (intima/media ratio, 0.097+/-0.011 [PBS] versus 0.257+/-0.022 [MCP-1]; P<0.0001). Moreover, Sudan IV staining revealed an increase in aortic atherosclerotic plaque surface (24.3+/-5.2% [PBS] versus 38.2+/-9.5% [MCP-1]; P<0.01). Finally, a significant decrease in the percentage of smooth muscle cells was found in plaques (15.0+/-5.2% [PBS] versus 5.8+/-2.3% [MCP-1]; P<0.001). In conclusion, local infusion of MCP-1 significantly increases collateral flow on femoral artery ligation in apoE-/- mice up to 2 months after the treatment. However, the local treatment did not preclude systemic effects on atherogenesis, leading to increased atherosclerotic plaque formation and changes in cellular content of plaques.
Disruption of Fas Receptor Signaling by Nitric Oxide in Eosinophils (1998)

It has been suggested that Fas ligand-Fas receptor interactions are involved in the regulation of eosinophil apoptosis and that dysfunctions in this system could contribute to the accumulation of these cells in allergic and asthmatic diseases. Here, we demonstrate that nitric oxide (NO) specifically prevents Fas receptor-mediated apoptosis in freshly isolated human eosinophils. In contrast, rapid acceleration of eosinophil apoptosis by activation of the Fas receptor occurs in the presence of eosinophil hematopoietins. Analysis of the intracellular mechanisms revealed that NO disrupts Fas receptor-mediated signaling events at the level of, or proximal to, Jun kinase (JNK), but distal to sphingomyelinase (SMase) activation and ceramide generation. In addition, activation of SMase occurs downstream of an interleukin 1 converting enzyme-like (ICE-like) protease(s) that is not blocked by NO. However, NO prevents activation of a protease that targets lamin B1. These findings suggest a role for an additional NO-sensitive apoptotic signaling pathway that amplifies the proteolytic cascade initialized by activation of the Fas receptor. Therefore, NO concentrations within allergic inflammatory sites may be important in determining whether an eosinophil survives or undergoes apoptosis upon Fas ligand stimulation.
Performance features of the PA7100 microprocessor (1993)

The PA7100 CPU, the first precision-architecture, reduced-instruction-set-computer (PA-RISC) architecture implementation to combine an integer core and floating-point coprocessor into a single-chip format, is described. It incorporates superscalar execution and supports clock rates of up to 100 MHz in standard 0.8- mu m CMOS. Features such as a flexible primary cache organization and multiprocessing capability allow the device to be scaled to a variety of system applications, price ranges, and performance levels. The microprocessor instruction execution pipeline, cache design, translation look-aside buffer (TLB) for virtual address translation, floating-point unit, and system interface bus are discussed. The design, test, and verification methods used in the development of the PA7100 are reviewed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A single mutation that increases maize seed weight. (1996)

The maize endosperm-specific gene shrunken2 (Sh2) encodes the large subunit of the heterotetrameric starch synthetic enzyme adenosine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP; EC 2.7.7.27). Here we exploit an in vivo, site-specific mutagenesis system to create short insertion mutations in a region of the gene known to be involved in the allosteric regulation of AGP. The site-specific mutagen is the transposable element dissociation (Ds). Approximately one-third (8 of 23) of the germinal revertants sequenced restored the wild-type sequence, whereas the remaining revertants contained insertions of 3 or 6 bp. All revertants retained the original reading frame 3' to the insertion site and involved the addition of tyrosine and/or serine. Each insertion revertant reduced total AGP activity and the amount of the SH2 protein. The revertant containing additional tyrosine and serine residues increased seed weight 11-18% without increasing or decreasing the percentage of starch. Other insertion revertants lacking an additional serine reduced seed weight. Reduced sensitivity to phosphate, a long-known inhibitor of AGP, was found in the high seed-weight revertant. This alteration is likely universally important since insertion of tyrosine and serine in the potato large subunit of AGP at the comparable position and expression in Escherichia coli also led to a phosphate-insensitive enzyme. These results show that single gene mutations giving rise to increased seed weight, and therefore perhaps yield, are clearly possible in a plant with a long history of intensive and successful breeding efforts.
Drought controls on H2O2 accumulation, catalase (CAT) activity and CAT gene expression in wheat (2004)

Plants co-ordinate information derived from many diverse external and internal signals to ensure appropriate control of gene expression under optimal and stress conditions. In this work, the relationships between catalase (CAT) and H2O2 during drought in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are studied. Drought-induced H2O2 accumulation correlated with decreases in soil water content and CO2 assimilation. Leaf H2O2 content increased even though total CAT activity doubled under severe drought conditions. Diurnal regulation of CAT1 and CAT2 mRNA abundance was apparent in all conditions and day/night CAT1 and CAT2 expression patterns were modified by mild and severe drought. The abundance of CAT1 transcripts was regulated by circadian controls that persisted in continuous darkness, while CAT2 was modulated by light. Drought decreased abundance, and modified the pattern, of CAT1 and CAT2 mRNAs. It was concluded that the complex regulation of CAT mRNA, particularly at the level of translation, allows precise control of leaf H2O2 accumulation.
Pioneers in Epidural Needle Design (2001)

In this article we discuss the development of epidural needles and the historical factors leading to their invention. The most popular needles are described and their inventors acknowledged.
Combination of polycation/polyanion self-assembly and Langmuir-Blodgett transfer for the construction of superlattice films (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCombination of polycation/polyanion self-assembly and Langmuir-Blodgett transfer for the construction of superlattice filmsYuri Lvov, Frank Essler, and Gero DecherCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 51, 13773–13777Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100153a055https://doi.org/10.1021/j100153a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views606Altmetric-Citations116LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Increased Toxicity of Diphtheria Toxin for Human Lymphoblastoid Cells following Covalent Linkage to Anti-(human lymphocyte) Globulin or Its F(ab')2 Fragment (1980)

Anti-(human lymphocyte) globulin was reacted with a mixed anhydride derivative of chlorambucil to give a product which was in turn reacted with diphtheria toxin. The resulting conjugate was partially purified and was found to possess an ability similar to that of the native antibody to bind to the human lymphoblastoid cell lines, CLA4 and Daudi. Daudi cells, as had been observed previously with CLA4 cells, lacked the high sensitivity to diphtheria toxin normally characteristic of cells of human origin. Thus treatment with free toxin at a concentration of 1 microgram/ml was without effect upon their ability to incorporate [3H]leucine. By contrast, Daudi cells were highly sensitive to toxin conjugated to anti-(human lymphocyte) globulin or to its F(ab')2 fragment. Exposure for 24 h to a solution of conjugate containing toxin at a concentration of 0.5 ng/ml caused a reduction of 50% in the leucine uptake by Daudi cells. The toxicity of the conjugate could be blocked by diphtheria antitoxin or by pretreatment of the cells with non-conjugated antibody. Toxin linked to normal horse IgG or to its F(ab')2 fragment was without cytotoxic effect upon Daudi cells. Furthermore both the conjugate with anti-(human lymphocyte) globulin and that with normal IgG were approximately 100-fold less able than non-conjugated toxin to inhibit protein synthesis by a human fibroblast cell line to which the antibody showed no appreciable binding. Thus the conjugates are relatively ineffective against cells which lack an antigen to which the antibody moiety can bind. In contrast with the greatly increased toxicity of diphtheria toxin for human lymphoblastoid cells following its linkage to anti-(human lymphocyte) globulin, a conjugate of toxin linked to anti-(mouse lymphocyte) globulin was ineffective against murine spleen cells in vitro.
The development of tubular heart in RNA-treated post-nodal pieces of chick blastoderm (1973)

ABSTRACT Post-nodal pieces of the stage-4 chick blastoderms were transected 0·6 mm posterior to Hensen’s node and cultured in vitro with and without chicken-heart RNA. After 24 h the expiants were fed daily with fresh egg-extract medium for 4 days. On the 4th day pulsating heart was found in the RNA-treated but not in the untreated series. Histological examination revealed that cell differentiation other than of erythrocytes and epithelial tissue seldom occurred in the control and, in contrast, pulsating heart and cardiac myoblasts were present in most of the RNA-treated expiants that had differentiated.
The pro-polypeptide of von Willebrand factor is required for the formation of a functional factor VIII-binding site on mature von Willebrand factor (1991)

We have established that a recombinant von Willebrand Factor (vWF) mutant (vWFdelpro) that lacks the propolypeptide, in contrast with mature wild-type vWF, with which it is identical in terms of primary amino acid sequence, is not able to form a complex with Factor VIII. Wild-type vWF (flvWF) and vWFdelpro were expressed in AtT-20 cells. Under the culture conditions employed, completely processed multimerized flvWF and dimeric vWFdelpro were secreted into the medium. FlvWF and vWFdelpro were compared for their Factor VIII-binding properties in two distinct assay systems. In a direct binding assay, purified human Factor VIII was shown to bind to flvWF that had been immobilized on the surface of microtitre wells by using an anti-vWF monoclonal antibody. In contrast, Factor VIII did not bind to immobilized vWFdelpro. In a competition assay, fluid-phase flvWF appeared to inhibit efficiently the binding of Factor VIII to immobilized vWF isolated from plasma, whereas vWFdelpro did not influence Factor VIII binding. From these observations, it is argued that the pro-polypeptide serves an essential role in the post-translational processes that lead to the expression of a functional Factor VIII-binding site on the mature vWF subunit.
Nitric Oxide Plays an Important Role in the Diurnal Change of Tuberoinfundibular Dopaminergic Neuronal Activity and Prolactin Secretion in Ovariectomized, Estrogen/Progesterone-Treated Rats (1999)

A significant diurnal change of tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neuronal activity coincident with the estrogen (E2)-induced afternoon PRL surge has been reported in ovariectomized, E2-primed (OVX+E2) rats. Systemic injection of a nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) inhibitor, NG-nitro-l-arginine (l-NA, 50 mg/kg, ip at 1000 and 1200 h), significantly blocked the diurnal changes of TIDA neuronal activity and PRL secretion at 1500 and 1700 h in OVX+E2 rats. Coadministration of l-arginine (300 mg/kg, ip) with l-NA completely prevented the effects of l-NA. Total nitrite/nitrate levels in the serum of l-NA- and l-NA+l-arginine-treated rats substantiated the effects of l-NA and l-arginine on NO production. Pretreatment of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN; 1μ g/3 μl; intracerebroventricularly at 48, 24, and 7 h before sacrifice) against the messenger RNA (mRNA) of constitutive NOS, i.e. neuronal NOS or endothelial NOS, was also effective in preventing the diurnal changes of TIDA neuronal activity and PRL surge at 1500 h. The same treatment of antisense ODN against the mRNA of inducible NOS, i.e. macrophage NOS, had no effect.