gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation of a vascular cell wall-specific monoclonal antibody recognizing a cell polarity by using a phage display subtraction method (2000)

Using a strategy consisting of (i) the isolation of cell walls from synchronously differentiating cells of Zinnia, (ii) the generation of mAbs with an antibody phage display method, and (iii) screening with a subtraction method, we isolated mAbs recognizing vascular development-specific cell wall components without prior antigen identification. One of the isolated mAbs, designated CN 8, recognized a cell wall component contained in the hemicellulosic fraction. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that the CN 8 epitope was localized to the cell wall of immature tracheary elements and xylem parenchyma cells. In immature tracheary elements, the CN 8 epitope had a polarized localization pattern regardless of whether the cells are formed as parts of vessels in situ or as single tracheary elements in vitro, suggesting that cell polarity autonomously formed on the cell wall may function in tracheary element differentiation.
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Structure, function and implications in normal and malignant cell growth (1993)

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a potent mitogen for a variety of cell types. PDGF is made up as dimers of A and B polypeptide chains which are combined to generate the three isoforms of PDGF (AA, AB, BB). These bind with different specificities and affinities to two types of cell surface receptors (the alpha-receptor and the beta-receptor), both being members of the protein tyrosine kinase family of growth factor receptors. A number of human tumor cell lines, particularly those established from glioma and sarcoma, have been shown to produce PDGF and express the cognate receptor type. In these instances, tumor cell growth may be enhanced by an autocrine receptor activation. In other tumor cell types, where PDGF is produced in the absence of receptor expression, the growth factor may act in a paracrine fashion. This view is supported by our recent finding that human melanoma cells that have been stably transfected with a PDGF B-chain cDNA, elicit a stroma response when transplanted to nude mice.
Generation of narrowband antisymmetric lamb waves using a formed laser source in the ablative regime (2007)

A formed laser source, using a four-element lenticular array, is used in the ablative regime to generate select, narrowband, acoustic plate waves. The arrangement of the array produces acoustical signals that have frequencies compatible with the response of the broadband capacitive air-coupled transducer used in this study. A simplified concept is presented to explain the effect of a line array source on the frequency content of acoustic waves. The analytical model for a point pulse surface displacement is derived from the point load solution to Lamb's problem. The point pulse displacement elements of a line array source are summed mathematically, taking into account all applicable propagation modes and dispersion of plate waves. The model considers only the out-of-plane displacement of the antisymmetric plate modes to represent the detection capability of the broadband receiver. The distribution function of the laser beam energy profile is modified to depict the actual energy distribution that illuminates the surface of the plate. Filtering functions are made compatible with the sensitivity of the broadband receiver so as to retain only the detected frequencies in the model. The theoretical model showed good agreement with experimental results.
The Teaching Excellence Framework: Would You Tell Me, Please, Which Way I Ought to Go from Here. (2016)

The UK government’s Green Paper, ‘Fulfilling Our Potential: Teaching Excellence, Social Mobility and Student Choice’, presents both significant challenges and opportunities for universities. Whilst the quantitative element of the proposed Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF), underpinned by Big Data, offers the tantalizing opportunity to measure, collate and compare data efficiently between all universities, it also presents a number of significant risks in the form of institutional decision-making, the skewing of behaviours, and potential homogenisation of provision across the sector. As such, this paper asserts that it is vital that the qualitative element of the TEF is implemented diligently and effectively so as to encourage universities to develop clear internal and external narratives that clearly outline the importance of education to their respective institutional missions. Whilst Big Data may prove informative, it requires context in order to be truly useful. Therefore, the task ahead for both the government and universities is far from straightforward.
Using accessory functions to generalize dynamic dispatch in single-dispatch object-oriented languages (2001)

Object oriented languages generally include some form of dynamic dispatch; that is, in the absence of precise compile-time type information, they perform a run-time selection of the appropriate function body (or method) from a set of candidates. Existing single-dispatch languages restrict dynamic dispatch to the object receiving the message.

Such languages exhibit a conflict between the goals of providing an extensible a set of types and providing an extensible the set of operations that can be performed on these types. We show that this conflict is a consequence of the restriction of dynamic dispatch to the receiver object. We also demonstrate that this conflict can be resolved by introducing a generalized form of single dispatch (thus avoiding the complexity of multiple dispatch). On this evidence, we argue that dispatch technique should be decoupled from membership in a class and access to its representation.
A macroporous hydrogel for the coculture of neural progenitor and endothelial cells to form functional vascular networks in vivo (2006)

A microvascular network is critical for the survival and function of most tissues. We have investigated the potential of neural progenitor cells to augment the formation and stabilization of microvascular networks in a previously uncharacterized three-dimensional macroporous hydrogel and the ability of this engineered system to develop a functional microcirculation in vivo. The hydrogel is synthesized by cross-linking polyethylene glycol with polylysine around a salt-leached polylactic-co-glycolic acid scaffold that is degraded in a sodium hydroxide solution. An open macroporous network is formed that supports the efficient formation of tubular structures by brain endothelial cells. After subcutaneous implantation of hydrogel cocultures in mice, blood flow in new microvessels was apparent at 2 weeks with perfused networks established on the surface of implants at 6 weeks. Compared to endothelial cells cultured alone, cocultures of endothelial cells and neural progenitor cells had a significantly greater density of tubular structures positive for platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 at the 6-week time point. In implant cross sections, the presence of red blood cells in vessel lumens confirmed a functional microcirculation. These findings indicate that neural progenitor cells promote the formation of endothelial cell tubes in coculture and the development of a functional microcirculation in vivo. We demonstrate a previously undescribed strategy for creating stable microvascular networks to support engineered tissues of desired parenchymal cell origin.
Effects of Glucose and Other Energy Substrates on the Hyperactivated Motility of Macaque Sperm and the Zona Pellucida‐Induced Acrosome Reaction (1995)

Energy sources in sperm capacitation media have various effects on mammalian sperm and are required for stimulation of hyperactivated motility and/or acrosome reactions in some species. The present experiments were performed to investigate the energy substrate requirement for these two functions of macaque sperm. Semen from six cynomolgus macaques was washed through 60% Percoll, resuspended, and washed with Biggers, Whitten, and Whittingham media. In one set of experiments, sperm were incubated in the complete capacitation medium or in medium without glucose. In another set of experiments, the complete medium was used for comparison with medium containing no energy substrates. The absence of glucose did not affect survival of sperm during a 6-hour incubation period; however, removal of all energy substrates resulted in a decrease in percent motility by 3 hours. Sperm were incubated for 1 hour prior to evaluation of sperm motility by computer-aided sperm analysis and sperm-zona binding experiments. During the last 30 minutes of incubation, half of the aliquots of sperm suspensions were treated with activators (ACT; caffeine and dbcAMP, 1 mM each). As previously reported, when sperm were incubated in complete medium and treated with ACT there were changes in sperm movements that are consistent with hyperactivation. Similar or greater changes were observed in sperm that were incubated prior to treatment with ACT in glucose-free medium or in medium without any energy substrates. Whether sperm were incubated in complex medium or in glucose-free medium, sperm binding to zonae was enhanced when the sperm were treated with ACT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Generalized tensor product codes (1981)

A class of binary error-correcting codes, called generalized tensor product codes, is presented with their decoding algorithm. These codes are constructed by combining a number of codes on various extension fields with shorter binary codes. A general algorithm is provided to do bounded distance decoding for these codes. Simply decodable codes such as Wolf's tensor product codes are shown to be special cases of this class of codes. Simply decodable and more efficient codes than Wolf's codes are also included as special cases.
TALEN-engineered AR gene rearrangements reveal endocrine uncoupling of androgen receptor in prostate cancer (2013)

Androgen receptor (AR) target genes direct development and survival of the prostate epithelial lineage, including prostate cancer (PCa). Thus, endocrine therapies that inhibit the AR ligand-binding domain (LBD) are effective in treating PCa. AR transcriptional reactivation is central to resistance, as evidenced by the efficacy of AR retargeting in castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) with next-generation endocrine therapies abiraterone and enzalutamide. However, resistance to abiraterone and enzalutamide limits this efficacy in most men, and PCa remains the second-leading cause of male cancer deaths. Here we show that AR gene rearrangements in CRPC tissues underlie a completely androgen-independent, yet AR-dependent, resistance mechanism. We discovered intragenic AR gene rearrangements in CRPC tissues, which we modeled using transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)-mediated genome engineering. This modeling revealed that these AR gene rearrangements blocked full-length AR synthesis, but promoted expression of truncated AR variant proteins lacking the AR ligand-binding domain. Furthermore, these AR variant proteins maintained the constitutive activity of the AR transcriptional program and a CRPC growth phenotype independent of full-length AR or androgens. These findings demonstrate that AR gene rearrangements are a unique resistance mechanism by which AR transcriptional activity can be uncoupled from endocrine regulation in CRPC.
Lentivirus Vector-Mediated Expression of Tumor-Associated Epitopes by Human Antigen Presenting Cells (2004)

Directing the human immune system to recognize and eliminate tumor cells is the ultimate goal of cancer immunotherapy. Vaccinating patients with autologous antigen presenting cells (APC) expressing tumor-associated antigens (TAA) represents a promising approach for activating tumor-reactive T cells in vivo. In addition, APC expressing TAA provide a means of generating tumor-specific T cells in vitro, for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Lentiviral vectors are attractive vehicles for introducing TAA-encoding genes into APC. In this study, lentiviral vectors expressing the reporter gene GFP or the melanoma-associated antigen tyrosinase were used to transduce three different kinds of human APC: monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC), CD40L-activated B lymphocytes, and Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B lymphocytes. Using optimized transduction conditions for each cell type, tyrosinase was expressed at levels sufficient to stimulate antigen-specific major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted T cells from melanoma patients. While transduced EBV-B cells demonstrated the highest level of transgene expression, optimal T-cell recognition was achieved with transduced DC. Substituting the CAG promoter for PGK in lentiviral constructs enhanced transgene expression in DC and EBV-B cells, amplifying T cell recognition. Lentiviruses inducing sustained transgene expression with relatively low cellular toxicity and background viral gene expression may be ideal vectors for immunotherapeutic applications.
Polarization independent narrow band Bragg reflection gratings made with silica-on-silicon waveguides (1992)

We report polarization independent Bragg reflectors, centered at 1.55 μm and made with silica-on-silicon waveguides. Gratings are etched into the upper core surface and glass doped with boron and phosphorus is used to fill in the grating corrugation and for the top cladding. The Bragg coupling length in these gratings is independent of polarization. Post-processing anneals at temperatures above 780 °C weaken the gratings and can be used to tailor the reflection stop band in the range 15–1.5 Å. By etching trenches along the sides of the waveguides, the strain induced birefringence in practically eliminated and the TE and TM reflection peaks overlap to within 0.4 Å.
RNA interference‐mediated signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 gene silencing inhibits invasion and metastasis of human pancreatic cancer cells (2007)

Signal transducers and activators of transcription-3 (STAT3), a central cytoplasmic transcription factor, is frequently overexpressed and constitutively activated by tyrosine during malignant transformation. The overexpression and phosphorylation of STAT3 in pancreatic cancer has been described only recently, but the roles and mechanism still remain unclear. In this study, we elucidate the significance of the STAT3 signaling pathway in metastatic potentials of pancreatic cancer. We stably silence the expression of the STAT3 and p-STAT3 by using RNA interference (RNAi) in the pancreatic cancer cell line SW1990, and then reduce its invasion capacity in vitro and metastasis capacity in vivo compared to parental cells or cells tansfected with a control vector. Furthermore, silencing SW1990 cells with the STAT3 gene by RNAi also led to a decrease of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) at the mRNA and protein level. Collectively, these studies suggest that activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway plays an important role in the progression of pancreatic cancer, and that silence of the STAT3 gene with RNAi may be a useful anti-invasive therapeutic option in pancreatic cancer.
Prognostic Subgroups in B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Defined by Specific Chromosomal Abnormalities (1990)

Chromosomal analysis provides prognostic information about overall survival in addition to that supplied by clinical data in patients with B-cell CLL.
First-principles study of structural, vibrational, and lattice dielectric properties of hafnium oxide (2002)

Crystalline structures, zone-center phonon modes, and the related dielectric response of the three low-pressure phases of ${\mathrm{HfO}}_{2}$ have been investigated in density-functional theory using ultrasoft pseudopotentials and a plane-wave basis. The structures of low-pressure ${\mathrm{HfO}}_{2}$ polymorphs are carefully studied with both the local-density approximation (LDA) and the generalized gradient approximation. The fully relaxed structures obtained with either exchange-correlation scheme agree reasonably well with experiment, although LDA yields better overall agreement. After calculating the Born effective charge tensors and the force-constant matrices by finite-difference methods, the lattice dielectric susceptibility tensors for the three ${\mathrm{HfO}}_{2}$ phases are computed by decomposing the tensors into the contributions from individual infrared-active phonon modes.
Natural cytotoxicity receptors and their ligands (2013)

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) that participate to the clearance of pathogen-infected cells and tumour cells. NK cells and subsets of ILCs express the natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs) NKp46, NKp44 and NKp30 at their surface. NCRs have been shown to recognize a broad spectrum of ligands ranging from viral-, parasite- and bacterial-derived ligands to cellular ligands; however, the full identification of NCR ligands remains to be performed and will undoubtedly contribute to a better understanding of NK cell and ILC biology.
3,4-Diaminopyridine in the Treatment of Lambert–Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (1989)

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome is characterized by muscle weakness, hyporeflexia, and autonomic dysfunction, which result from impaired release of acetylcholine from cholinergic nerve terminals. It is frequently associated with cancer, it is autoimmune-mediated, and treatment has been unsatisfactory. 3,4-Diaminopyridine enhances the release of acetylcholine. In this prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of 12 patients with Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (7 of whom had cancer), 3,4-diaminopyridine in doses up to 100 mg per day was effective in treating both the motor and the autonomic deficits of the syndrome. Muscle strength increased from an average of 70 percent of normal to 81 percent of normal in the upper extremities, and from 45 to 65 percent of normal in the lower extremities. The amplitudes of compound-muscle-action potentials nearly doubled, increasing from an average of 2.9 mV to 5.0 mV in the arm and from 1.6 mV to 3.1 mV in the leg. Autonomic symptoms were relieved. One patient had a seizure after 10 months of treatment, but other side effects from the drug were minimal and dose-related. We conclude that 3,4-diaminopyridine, either alone or in conjunction with other therapies, may be useful in the treatment of Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome.
Effects of cell culture conditions on antibody N‐linked glycosylation—what affects high mannose 5 glycoform (2011)

The glycosylation profile of therapeutic antibodies is routinely analyzed throughout development to monitor the impact of process parameters and to ensure consistency, efficacy, and safety for clinical and commercial batches of therapeutic products. In this study, unusually high levels of the mannose-5 (Man5) glycoform were observed during the early development of a therapeutic antibody produced from a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line, model cell line A. Follow up studies indicated that the antibody Man5 level was increased throughout the course of cell culture production as a result of increasing cell culture medium osmolality levels and extending culture duration. With model cell line A, Man5 glycosylation increased more than twofold from 12% to 28% in the fed-batch process through a combination of high basal and feed media osmolality and increased run duration. The osmolality and culture duration effects were also observed for four other CHO antibody producing cell lines by adding NaCl in both basal and feed media and extending the culture duration of the cell culture process. Moreover, reduction of Man5 level from model cell line A was achieved by supplementing MnCl2 at appropriate concentrations. To further understand the role of glycosyltransferases in Man5 level, N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I GnT-I mRNA levels at different osmolality conditions were measured. It has been hypothesized that specific enzyme activity in the glycosylation pathway could have been altered in this fed-batch process.
Immune responsiveness and lymphokine production in patients with tuberculosis and healthy controls (1994)

The aim of the present study was to determine the profile of immune responsiveness that differentiates patients with tuberculosis (TB) from healthy tuberculin-positive controls. Forty-five patients with pulmonary TB and 16 healthy tuberculin-positive controls, all human immunodeficiency virus negative, were studied. Patients had decreased reactivity to tuberculin, diminished proliferative response to purified protein derivative (PPD), lower concentrations of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon in PPD-stimulated cultures, no increase in the percentage of gamma/delta cells in PPD-stimulated cultures, and higher immunoglobulin G antimycobacterial antibodies compared with control subjects. Furthermore, controls exhibited decreased production of IL-4 by PPD-stimulated cells. Multivariate discriminant and factor analyses demonstrated divergent patterns of immune reactivity against mycobacterial antigens. The association of IL-4 and immunoglobulin G antibody levels in patients, in contrast to the high reactivity to tuberculin, increased proliferation to PPD, and higher levels of IL-2 and gamma interferon observed in healthy controls suggested that most TB patients exhibit a TH2 pattern of immune responsiveness while tuberculin-positive healthy individuals have a TH1 pattern.
Bacillus thuringiensis : an environmental biopesticide : theory and practice (1993)

The challenge of Bacillus thuringiensis, K. van Frankenhuyzen diversity of Bacillus thuringiensis toxins and genes, D. Lereclus et al domain-function studies on Bacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins - a genetic approach, B. Visser et al transgenic bacteria, viruses, algae and other micro-organisms as Bacillus thuringiensis delivery systems, W. Gelrnter and G.E. Schwab the engineering of plants to express thuringiensis delta-endotoxins, S. Ely control of lepidopteran pests with Bacillus thuringiensis, A. Navon use of Bacillus thuringiensis isrealensis against mosquitoes and blackflies, N. Becker and J. Margalit control of coleopteran pests by Bacillus thuringiensis, B. Keller and G.A. Langenbruch Bacillus thuringiensis in the environment - ecology and risk assessment, M.P. Meadows resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis and resistance management, P.G. Marrone and S.C. MacIntosh the use of Bacillus thuringiensis in developing countries, H.S. Salama and O.N. Morris production of Bacillus thuringiensis insecticides for experimental and commercial uses, K. Bernhard and R. Utz.