gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FDA Drug Approval Summary: Bevacizumab (Avastin®) Plus Carboplatin and Paclitaxel as First-Line Treatment of Advanced/Metastatic Recurrent Nonsquamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (2007)

On October 11, 2006, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration granted approval for bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA), administered in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel, for the initial treatment of patients with unresectable, locally advanced, recurrent, or metastatic, nonsquamous, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Approval is based on a significant improvement in overall survival (OS). A randomized, open label, multicenter clinical trial, conducted by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG), in chemotherapy-naïve patients with stage IIIB/IV nonsquamous NSCLC, evaluated bevacizumab plus carboplatin and paclitaxel (BV/CP, n = 434) versus carboplatin and paclitaxel alone (CP, n = 444). Exclusion of patients with squamous or predominantly squamous histology was based on life-threatening or fatal hemoptysis occurring in 4 of 13 patients with squamous histology who received a BV/CP regimen in a phase II study. Among the 878 randomized patients, the median age was 63, 46% were female, 76% had stage IV disease, 12% had stage IIIB disease with malignant pleural effusion, 11% had recurrent disease, and 40% had an ECOG performance status score of 0. OS was significantly longer in patients receiving BV/CP than in those receiving CP alone (median OS, 12.3 versus 10.3 months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.80; p = .013, stratified log rank test). Although a consistent effect was observed across most subgroups, in an exploratory analysis, evidence of a survival benefit was not observed in women (HR, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.79-1.25). Severe and life-threatening adverse events occurring more frequently in patients receiving BV/CP were neutropenia (27% versus 17%), fatigue (16% versus 13%), hypertension (8% versus 0.7%), infection without neutropenia (7% versus 3%), thrombosis/embolism (5% versus 3%), pneumonitis or pulmonary infiltrate (5% versus 3%), infection with grade 3 or 4 neutropenia (5% versus 2%), febrile neutropenia (5% versus 2%), hyponatremia (4% versus 1%), proteinuria (3% versus 0), and headache (3% versus 0.5%). Fatal, treatment-related adverse events in patients receiving bevacizumab were pulmonary hemorrhage (2.3% versus 0.5%), gastrointestinal hemorrhage, central nervous system infarction, gastrointestinal perforation, myocardial infarction, and neutropenic sepsis. The most serious, and sometimes fatal, bevacizumab toxicities are gastrointestinal perforation, wound healing complications, hemorrhage, arterial thromboembolic events, hypertensive crisis, nephrotic syndrome, congestive heart failure, and neutropenic sepsis. The most common adverse events in patients receiving bevacizumab are asthenia, pain, abdominal pain, headache, hypertension, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, stomatitis, constipation, upper respiratory infection, epistaxis, dyspnea, exfoliative dermatitis, and proteinuria.
Hepatitis E Virus and Chronic Hepatitis in Organ-Transplant Recipients (2008)

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is considered an agent responsible for acute hepatitis that does not progress to chronic hepatitis. We identified 14 cases of acute HEV infection in three patients receiving liver transplants, nine receiving kidney transplants, and two receiving kidney and pancreas transplants. All patients were positive for serum HEV RNA. Chronic hepatitis developed in eight patients, as confirmed by persistently elevated aminotransferase levels, serum HEV RNA, and histologic features of chronic hepatitis. The time from transplantation to diagnosis was significantly shorter and the total counts of lymphocytes and of CD2, CD3, and CD4 T cells were significantly lower in patients in whom chronic disease developed.
Concerted Evolution of Human Amylase Genes (1988)

Cosmid clones containing 250 kilobases of genomic DNA from the human amylase gene cluster have been isolated. These clones contain seven distinct amylase genes which appear to comprise the complete multigene family. By sequence comparison with the cDNAs, we have identified two pancreatic amylase genes and three salivary amylase genes. Two truncated pseudogenes were also recovered. Intergenic distances of 17 to 22 kilobases separate the amylase gene copies. Within the past 10 million years, duplications, gene conversions, and unequal crossover events have resulted in a very high level of sequence similarity among human amylase gene copies. To identify sequence elements involved in tissue-specific expression and hormonal regulation, the promoter regions of the human amylase genes were sequenced and compared with those of the corresponding mouse genes. The promoters of the human and mouse pancreatic amylase genes are highly homologous between nucleotide -160 and the cap site. Two sequence elements thought to influence pancreas-specific expression of the rodent genes are present in the human genes. In contrast, similarity in the 5' flanking sequences of the salivary amylase genes is limited to several short sequence elements whose positions and orientations differ in the two species. Some of these sequence elements are also associated with other parotid-specific genes and may be involved in their tissue-specific expression. A glucocorticoid response element and a general enhancer element are closely associated in several of the amylase promoters.
One-Flask Syntheses of c-di-GMP and the [Rp,Rp] and [Rp,Sp] Thiophosphate Analogues (2010)

An integrated set of reactions and conditions that allow an eight-step one-flask synthesis of the protected derivatives of c-di-GMP and the [R(p),R(p)] and [R(p),S(p)] thiophosphate analogues is reported. Deprotection is also carried out as a one-flask procedure, with the final products isolated by crystallization from the reaction mixture. Chromatography is only used for separation of the thiophosphate diastereomers.
Synthesis of new 4 and 5 disubstituted isothiazoles. (1985)

Synthesis of 24 new 4 and 5 substituted isothiazole derivatives, containing hydrazine and amino groups at the position 5, and carboxyl, ester, amide, hydrazide, nitrile or ureido group in the position 4 is described. Compounds 4, 6, 8 and 19 show antiinflammatory activity, compound 14 has antiaggregatory properties.
Iron deficiency in heart failure (2018)

: Due to aging of the patients with heart failure, comorbidities are an emerging problem and, among them, iron deficiency is an important therapeutic target, independently of concomitant hemoglobin level. Iron deficiency affects up to 50% of heart failure patients, and it has been largely established its association with poor quality of life, impaired exercise tolerance and higher mortality. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses have demonstrated that intravenous iron supplementation in heart failure patients with iron deficiency positively affects symptoms, quality of life, exercise tolerance (as measured by VO2 peak and 6MWT), with a global trend to reduction of hospitalization rates. Current European Society of Cardiology Guidelines for heart failure recommend a diagnostic work-up for iron deficiency in all heart failure patients and intravenous iron supplementation with ferric carboxymaltose for symptomatic patients with iron deficiency, defined by ferritin level less than 100 μg/l or by ferritin 100-300 μg/l with TSAT less than 20%. On-going studies will provide new evidence for a better treatment of this important comorbidity of heart failure patients.
A Proposal on the Marine Traffic Supporting System in VTS area (2010)

In port and its approach channel, traffic accidents such as collision, aground, minor collision have reached about 77% of total marine casualty in the area. In this paper, an attempt to enhance the safe navigation was proposed by offering marine traffic supporting system which helps VTS operator assist vessel effectively with the quantitative assessment on difficulty of each vessel. The system collects navigation data from onboard AIS, assesses the data in assessment mode to analyze the navigation difficulties of each vessel and displays the degree of danger of each vessel on the ECDIS in real-time to decide the intervention time or order of priority for VTS operator. The effectiveness of the system was verified by the VTS operators in Korea.
Effect of rifaximin, probiotics, and l-ornithine l-aspartate on minimal hepatic encephalopathy: A randomized controlled trial (2014)

Prevalence of MHE is high in patients with cirrhosis of liver. Rifaximin, LOLA, and probiotics are better than giving placebo in patients with MHE.
Neutralizing Antibodies to Interferon- : Relative Frequency in Patients Treated with Different Interferon Preparations (1991)

The frequencies of antibody development so far reported in patients treated with different interferons (IFNs) are not readily comparable because of differences in treatment regimens and assay methods. Thus the frequency of neutralizing antibody development was analyzed in a large sample of sera derived from a relatively homogeneous group of patients treated with different IFN-alpha preparations. The frequency of developing neutralizing antibody to IFN varied according to the IFN given. Particularly, the seroconversion frequency was significantly higher in patients treated with recombinant IFN-alpha 2a (20.2%) than in patients treated with either recombinant IFN-alpha 2b (6.9%) or IFN-alpha N1 (1.2%), a lymphoblastoid IFN-alpha. Furthermore, sera obtained from patients treated with either recombinant IFN neutralized both types of recombinant IFNs but failed to neutralize IFN-alpha N1.
Instruction scheduler generation for retargetable compilation (2003)

The availability of C compilers is crucial to the efficient design of embedded systems. Using virtual resources to automatically generate parts of a compiler's instruction scheduler from a formal processor description significantly reduces the overall scheduler generation time.
Investigations of Hydrogen Implanted GaP Single Crystals by Means of Particle Induced y-Spectroscopy, Infrared Spectroscopy, and Rutherford Backscattering Channelling Technique (1985)

Investigations of Hydrogen Implanted GaP Single Crystals by Means of Particle Induced y-Spectroscopy, Infrared Spectroscopy, and Rutherford Backscattering Channelling Technique was published in Volume 89, Number 2 June 16 on page 549.
Diffusion and usage patterns of Internet services in the European Union (2007)

<br><b>Introduction.</b> This paper offers an investigation of European citizens' adoption and use of Internet-related technologies. European citizens are classified according to their Internet usage patterns. Next, the demographic and behavioural profiles of the identified groups are thoroughly examined, which clarifies citizens' Internet-related behaviour and how external variables are related to Internet uses. <br><b>Method.</b> Telephone survey, using a random method, in order to guarantee the representativity of each national sample for its universe. Citizens from all European countries (EU-15) were surveyed about their Internet usage patterns. <br><b>Analysis.</b> Two-Step Cluster Analysis has been applied, to identify the different groups of European Internet users. Discriminant and Correspondence Analysis have been respectively applied to assess the internal and external validity of the identified segments. The statistical package SPSS v11.5 was employed for the empirical analyses. <br><b>Results.</b> Four segments of European Internet users have been identified: Laggards, Confused and Adverse, Advanced Users, Followers and Non-Internet Users. The behavioural and demographic profiles of the previously identified segments are examined. Next, the internal and external validity of the clusters is assessed. <br><b>Conclusion.</b> The identified Internet user segments show clear differences with regard to country, sex, occupation, education and location. These results confirm the existence of sociodemographic entry barriers to the use of digital services. Such barriers may to the development and widening of a digital divide among European citizens.
The Growing Synthetic Utility of Weinreb′s Amide (2000)

The preparation and the synthetic utility of the N-methoxy-N-methyl amides, also called as Weinreb amides, for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones has been discussed. Also the various reagents based on Weinreb′s amide has been compiled.
Differences in gut microbiota profile between women with active lifestyle and sedentary women (2017)

Physical exercise is a tool to prevent and treat some of the chronic diseases affecting the world's population. A mechanism through which exercise could exert beneficial effects in the body is by provoking alterations to the gut microbiota, an environmental factor that in recent years has been associated with numerous chronic diseases. Here we show that physical exercise performed by women to at least the degree recommended by the World Health Organization can modify the composition of gut microbiota. Using high-throughput sequencing of the 16s rRNA gene, eleven genera were found to be significantly different between active and sedentary women. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed higher abundance of health-promoting bacterial species in active women, including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia hominis and Akkermansia muciniphila. Moreover, body fat percentage, muscular mass and physical activity significantly correlated with several bacterial populations. In summary, we provide the first demonstration of interdependence between some bacterial genera and sedentary behavior parameters, and show that not only does the dose and type of exercise influence the composition of gut microbiota, but also the breaking of sedentary behavior.
Green chemistry: challenges and opportunities (1999)

The green chemistry revolution is providing an enormous number of challenges to those who practice chemistry in industry, education and research. With these challenges however, there are an equal number of opportunities to discover and apply new chemistry, to improve the economics of chemical manufacturing and to enhance the much-tarnished image of chemistry. In this article which is based on his Inaugural Lecture at the University of York in 1998, Professor Clark reviews some of the challenges, considers some of the new and successful “greener” chemistry in practice and uses two areas of chemistry to examine the scale and diversity of current problems and the exciting opportunities for innovative chemistry research and application.
Straight-Line Approximation for the Boundary of the Left Ventricular Chamber from a Cardiac Cineangiogram (1973)

A cardiac cineangiogram is an X-ray motion picture of the heart. Boundary detection is an essential task to compute valuable quantitative information such as the temporal volume change and the wall velocity. Previously, boundary detection methods treated frames independent of each other. Consecutive frames of a motion picture are, however, highly correlated and therefore this property can be exploited. The method described takes advantage of the known location of the boundary on previous frames. The previous boundary is divided into a set of segments along which local rectangular regions are set up on the present frame. This boundary is approximated by a set of straight lines which minimize the square error in each rectangular region with the spatial derivative as its weight. The method is a fast computing algorithm and relatively insensitive to white noise because the resultant positive and negative weights tend to cancel this effect. An experiment was carried out, and good agreement with boundaries detected by humans was obtained.
A Functional Screen in Human Cells Identifies UBF2 as an RNA Polymerase II Transcription Factor That Enhances the β-Catenin Signaling Pathway (2003)

beta-Catenin signaling plays an important role in the development of many organisms and has a key part in driving the malignant transformation of epithelial cells comprising a variety of cancers. beta-Catenin can activate gene expression through its association with transcription factors of the lymphoid enhancer factor 1 (LEF-1)/T-cell factor (TCF) family. We designed a screen in human cells to identify novel genes that activate a beta-catenin-LEF/TCF-responsive promoter and isolated the high-mobility group box transcription factor, UBF2. UBF1 and UBF2 are splice variants of a common precursor RNA. Although UBF1 has been shown to activate RNA polymerase I-regulated genes, the function of UBF2 has remained obscure. Here, we show for the first time that both UBF1 and UBF2 activate RNA polymerase II-regulated promoters. UBF2 associates with LEF-1, as shown by coimmunoprecipitation experiments, and potentiates transcriptional activation stimulated by LEF-1/beta-catenin from a synthetic promoter with multimerized LEF/TCF binding sites and a natural cyclin D1 promoter with consensus LEF/TCF binding sites. Downregulation of endogenous UBF expression using an RNA interference approach reduces transcriptional activation of a beta-catenin-LEF/TCF-responsive promoter by means of overexpressed beta-catenin, further implicating UBF as a transcriptional enhancer of the beta-catenin pathway.
Enhancement of stimulation‐induced ERK activation in the spinal dorsal horn and gracile nucleus neurons in rats with peripheral nerve injury (2004)

It has been suggested that low-threshold sensory pathways have an important role in the formation and maintenance of sensory abnormalities which are observed after peripheral nerve injury. In the present study, we examined the involvement of these pathways in the development of hyperexcitability after sciatic nerve injury (SNI) by detecting the intracellular signal molecule. The rats that received a transection of the sciatic nerve 7 days before were electrically stimulated at 0.1 mA and 3 mA in the proximal region of the nerve injury site. We found a small number of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK)-labelled neurons in laminae I-II and III-IV of the spinal dorsal horn in the control rats after 0.1 mA stimulation. By contrast, there was a marked increased of pERK-labelled neurons both in the superficial laminae and laminae III-IV after the same stimulation in the SNI rats. Enhancement of ERK activation induced by 3 mA stimulation was also observed. Immunoreactivity of pERK in gracile nucleus neurons was also dramatically increased after 0.1 mA stimulation to the injured nerve. These data suggest that the rats with peripheral nerve injury had an increased responsiveness to the low- or high-threshold peripheral stimuli in I-II, III-IV and gracile nucleus neurons. Furthermore, SNI rats that received neonatal capsaicin treatment showed a decreased number of pERK neurons after 0.1 mA stimulation in the dorsal horn and gracile nucleus neurons compared to the control rats. Thus, C-fibres may contribute to the enhanced excitability of the low-threshold sensory neurons after peripheral nerve injury.
Evolution and Dissemination of β-Lactamases Accelerated by Generations of β-Lactam Antibiotics (1997)

beta-Lactamases are the principal mechanism of bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. In recent years the number and variety of new beta-lactamases detected has risen at an alarming rate, apparently in response to the clinical use of novel classes of beta-lactam antibiotics. This paper reviews the structure and evolution of beta-lactamases in an attempt to understand the pressures that have contributed to their emergence.
Advantages of Air Conditioning and Supercharging an LM6000 Gas Turbine Inlet (1995)

Of all the external factors affecting a gas turbine, inlet pressure and temperature have the greatest impact on performance. The effect of inlet temperature variations is especially pronounced in the new generation of high-efficiency gas turbines typified by the 40 MW GE LM6000. A reduction of 50°F (28°C) in inlet temperature can result in a 30 percent increase in power and a 4.5 percent improvement in heat rate. An elevation increase to 5000 ft (1524 m) above sea level decreases turbine output 17 percent; conversely supercharging can increase output more than 20 percent. This paper addresses various means of heating, cooling and supercharging LM6000 inlet air. An economic model is developed and sample cases are cited to illustrate the optimization of gas turbine inlet systems, taking into account site conditions, incremental equipment cost and subsequent performance enhancement.
Conversion of vitamin D3 binding protein (group-specific component) to a macrophage activating factor by the stepwise action of beta -galactosidase of B cells and sialidase of T cells. (1993)

Highly conserved DBP (human DBP is known as Gc) of serum alpha 2-globulin fraction can be converted to a potent macrophage activating factor by stepwise modification of Gc glycoprotein with beta-galactosidase of B cells and sialidase of T cells. These glycosidases, beta-galactosidase and sialidase, are membrane bound and not soluble in culture medium. Thus, consecutive contact of Gc protein with B cells and T cells, presumably via specific receptors, is required for conversion of Gc glycoprotein to the macrophage activating factor. The essential role of T cell sialidase in macrophage activation was confirmed by the finding that peritoneal nonadherent cells of SM/J mouse, whose T cells are deficient in sialidase activity, were unable to convert Gc protein to the macrophage activating factor and thus did not activate macrophages. Treatment with sialidase of a conditioned medium of lipid metabolite-treated SM/J mouse nonadherent cells efficiently generated the macrophage activating factor. When Gc protein was first treated with soluble or immobilized sialidase and used in a medium for 2 h cultivation of lipid metabolite-treated SM/J mouse nonadherent cells or BALB/c mouse B cells, the resultant conditioned media contained a large amount of the macrophage activating factor. These results support the hypothesis that Gc protein carries a dibranched trisaccharide with galactose and sialic acid termini.
Organic syntheses : collective volume (1941)

Reflecting the increased pace of research and the many recent advances in organic chemistry, this series serves as a single-source compendium of the most up-to-date and significant procedures currently in use.
Evaluating high performance communication (2009)

Recently, high speed interconnects capable of remote direct memory access (RDMA) such as InfiniBand and iWARP have gained considerable popularity due to their superb latency and bandwidth. Most existing studies about RDMA have focused mainly on its performance aspect. However, as power management has become essential for high-end systems such as enterprise servers and high performance computing nodes which are often equipped with RDMA capable network adapters, it is very important for us to take a fresh look at the benefits of RDMA from the power perspective.