gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Swine in Biomedical Research: Management and Models (1994)

For the last 2 decades, swine have been used with increasing frequency in biomedical research as replacements for dogs and primates, as well as models of human disease based upon their own unique anatomy and physiology (Stanton and Mersmann, 1986; Swindle, 1992; Tumbleson, 1986). All of the domestic farm breeds and miniature breeds available in the United States are Sus scrofa domestica. Farm breeds have the disadvantage of a rapid growth rate, increasing from an average weight of 1 kg at birth to 100 kg at 4 months of age. Mature breeding stock typically reach weights of greater than 200 kg. Consequently, these animals are best used for non-survival or short-term projects of less than 3 weeks in duration. Miniature pigs are more commonly used for long-term projects because of their smaller size and growth rate. Depending on the breed, miniature pigs grow from a birth weight of 0.5 kg to 12-45 kg. at 4 months of age. Breeding stock reach weights of 45-100 kg. Commercially available miniature pigs also tend to be more tractable than domestic breeds raised in an agricultural setting. The most commonly used laboratory breeds of miniature pigs are Yucatan miniature, Yucatan Micropig®, Hanford, Sinclair (Hormel), Pitman-Moore, and Goettingen (Panepinto, 1986). The purpose of this article is to review the use of swine in biomedical research and to provide general information on the husbandry and management of the various breeds in a laboratory setting. If an institution seeks to raise swine in large numbers, it would be well advised to consult an agricultural scientist involved in swine production programs for advice on facility design and management.
Potent and Selective Modulation of the RhlR Quorum Sensing Receptor by Using Non‐native Ligands: An Emerging Target for Virulence Control in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2015)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses N-acylated L-homoserine lactone signals and a triumvirate of LuxR-type receptor proteins--LasR, RhlR, and QscR--for quorum sensing (QS). Each of these receptors can contribute to QS activation or repression and, thereby, the control of myriad virulence phenotypes in this pathogen. LasR has traditionally been considered to be at the top of the QS receptor hierarchy in P. aeruginosa; however, recent reports suggest that RhlR plays a more prominent role in infection than originally predicted, in some circumstances superseding that of LasR. Herein, we report the characterization of a set of synthetic, small-molecule agonists and antagonists of RhlR. Using E. coli reporter strains, we demonstrated that many of these compounds can selectively activate or inhibit RhlR instead of LasR and QscR. Moreover, several molecules maintain their activities in P. aeruginosa at concentrations analogous to native RhlR signal levels. These compounds represent useful chemical probes to study the role of RhlR in the complex QS circuitry of P. aeruginosa, its direct (and indirect) effects on virulence, and its overall merit as a target for anti-infective therapy.
일회성 운동이 골격근 지방산 수송체 mRNA 발현에 미치는 영향 (2008)

PURPOSE; The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acute exercise training on FAT (fat acid transporter), FATP (fat acid transcript protein), FABP (fat acid binding protein) of skeletal muscle in rat. METHODS; Sixty-four Male Sprague-Dawley rats (5 wk) were divided into control (CON) and exercise (EX), recovery group (EXRest). The rats of CON were sacrificed at 0 min, 60 min and 24 hr. The rats of EX were sacrificed at 0 min, 15 min, 30 min and 60 min during treadmill running exercise. The rats of EX-Rest were sacrificed at 0min, 1 hr, 3 hr, 6 hr and 24 hr of recovery from 1 hr treadmill running exercise. Analysis; The measured data of fat acid transporters mRNA were analyzed with Indepent Sample t-test and Paired Samples t-test using SPSS statistics (version 11.5). RESULTS. The acute exercise effect on FAT mRNA expression were significantly (p < 0.05) increased at 60 min during exercise. FATP mRNA expression were significantly (p < 0.05) increased at 30 min and 60 min during exercise. also FABP mRNA expression were significantly (p < 0.05) increased at 1 hr after exercise. CONCLUSION. This study acute exercise was induce the expression of FAT, FATP and FABP mRNA in rat muscle.
Ionic liquids in the electrochemical valorisation of CO2 (2015)

This work reviews the use of ionic liquids in electrochemical approaches for the valorisation of CO<sub>2</sub>into value-added products, highlighting the beneficial role that ionic liquids can play in improving CO<sub>2</sub>electrovalorisation processes.
Wireless Power Transfer via Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonances (2007)

Using self-resonant coils in a strongly coupled regime, we experimentally demonstrated efficient nonradiative power transfer over distances up to 8 times the radius of the coils. We were able to transfer 60 watts with approximately 40% efficiency over distances in excess of 2 meters. We present a quantitative model describing the power transfer, which matches the experimental results to within 5%. We discuss the practical applicability of this system and suggest directions for further study.
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (1991)

Cells from the chorionic girdle of the equine trophoblast invade the maternal endometrium at day 36 of gestation and become established as secretory elements known as the endometrial cups. These structures, which persist for 40-60 days, produce a gonadotropin which can be found in circulation until about day 130 of gestation. This glycoprotein has been identified in the horse and the donkey, with the former having received much better characterization. It consists of 2 noncovalently linked peptide chains; an alpha-subunit of 96 amino acids, which is common to that found in other horse glycoprotein hormones. The beta-subunit of 149 amino acids is identical to horse LH beta. Horse CG is the most heavily glycosylated of the known pituitary and placental glycoprotein hormones. The alpha-subunit has two and the beta-subunit one N-linked glycosylation site, and the beta-chain has in excess of four O-linked glycosylation sites. The N-linked glycans have some oligosaccharides that are not found on other glycoprotein hormones. The sialic component of glycosylation confers an exceptionally long half-life on CG compared to other glycoprotein hormones. Horse CG has LH-like activity in horse receptor and in vitro bioassays. In spite of the amino acid homology, it has lower LH activity than does horse LH. Its most intriguing, and as yet unexplained, characteristic is its pronounced FSH and LH activity in species other than the horse. Horse CG binds to FSH receptors of virtually all mammalian species, other than the horse, in which it has been tested and will produce biological effects peculiar to FSH. It has similar and potent interaction with LH receptors. The structural basis of this duality is not known but may be related to the region 90-110 of the beta-chain. Horse CG is believed to be constitutively expressed by the trophoblastic cells until the endometrial cups degenerate. The role of CG in equine gestation is not completely understood. It is believed to act as an LH-like hormone to induce supplementary ovulation and/or luteinization of follicles in the mare. It has not been established whether CG or the accessory corpora lutea are necessary for successful horse pregnancy. They may serve as a redundant system to assure that there is sufficient secretion of the primary corpus luteum to maintain pregnancy until the placenta assumes its role as the principal steroidogenic organ of gestation.
Reprogramming Microbes to Be Pathogen-Seeking Killers (2013)

Recent examples of new genetic circuits that enable cells to acquire biosynthetic capabilities, such as specific pathogen killing, present an attractive therapeutic application of synthetic biology. Herein, we demonstrate a novel genetic circuit that reprograms Escherichia coli to specifically recognize, migrate toward, and eradicate both dispersed and biofilm-encased pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells. The reprogrammed E. coli degraded the mature biofilm matrix and killed the latent cells encapsulated within by expressing and secreting the antimicrobial peptide microcin S and the nuclease DNaseI upon the detection of quorum sensing molecules naturally secreted by P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, the reprogrammed E. coli exhibited directed motility toward the pathogen through regulated expression of CheZ in response to the quorum sensing molecules. By integrating the pathogen-directed motility with the dual antimicrobial activity in E. coli, we achieved signifincantly improved killing activity against planktonic and mature biofilm cells due to target localization, thus creating an active pathogen seeking killer E. coli.
Clostridium difficile Toxin B blocks effector T cell proliferation by inhibiting PLD signaling. (49.19) (2010)

Abstract Balance between effector and regulatory T cell subsets play significant role in regulating immune responses. Alterations in this balance would result in suppressed or hyper-immune responses and could lead to disorders such as autoimmunity or infections. Our previous work showed that Phospholipase D (PLD) signaling is a factor that can affect the balance between regulatory T cells (Tregs) and non-Tregs. Phospholipase D is a phosphodiesterase that catalyzes the conversion of phosphatidyl choline (PC) to phosphatidic acid (PA). The data demonstrated that inhibition of PLD signaling preferentially blocks growth of non-regulatory T-cells while allowing Tregs to proliferate in response to T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. Various endogenous and external factors could modulate PLD signaling in T cells and thus alter the host immune responses. Toxin B secreted by Clostridium difficile (TcdB) is a well documented factor that blocks PLD signaling. Here, we show that TcdB produced by Clostridium difficile selectively blocks expansion of effector T cells. Like PLD signal inhibition, TcdB caused inhibition of CD25 expression by activated non-Tregs but allowed expression of CD25 expression by Tregs. Thus, TcdB mediated T cell growth inhibition is likely caused by PLD signaling inhibition in host T cells and may enable C.difficile to modify host immune response, facilitating its long term survival that leads to disease conditions like pseudomembranous colitis.
The PSTD algorithm: A time-domain method combining the pseudospectral technique and perfectly matched layers (1997)

Simulations of underwater acoustic wave propagation require solutions for large-scale multidimensional problems. The traditional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method needs a fine discretization of 8–20 cells per wavelength in order to give accurate results. On the other hand, the pseudospectral method, even though efficient, suffers from the wraparound effect due to the use of discrete Fourier transform. This effect severely limits the applications of the pseudospectral method to large-scale problems. Hence, a popular way of simulating underwater acoustic wave propagation is to use the parabolic equation (PE) methods which neglect backscattering. In this work, Berenger’s perfectly matched layers (PML) are used in the pseudospectral method to eliminate the wraparound effect. To achieve a high accuracy, this method requires only two cells per wavelength which is dictated by the Nyquist sampling theorem. As a result, it can solve at least 64 times larger 3-D problems than the FDTD method with the same requirement in computer memory and CPU time. Hence, full-wave solutions of long-range underwater acoustic wave propagation become possible. Numerous simulations show the superiority of the PSTD method for large-scale problems. [Work supported by a Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers through EPA and by Sandia National Laboratories.]
Insulin adherence behaviours and barriers in the multinational Global Attitudes of Patients and Physicians in Insulin Therapy study (2012)

Glucose control is inadequate among insulin-treated patients, in part attributable to insulin omission/non-adherence and lack of dose adjustment. There is a need for insulin regimens that are less restrictive and burdensome with lower risk of hypoglycaemia.
Melatonin and sleep in humans (1993)

Early studies on the physiological effects of melatonin typically reported hypnotic 'side-effects'. Later studies, specifically addressing this action, failed to reliably replicate hypnotic effects using standard polysomnography. This difference may be related to differences in the basic physiological action of melatonin compared with more conventional hypnotics. It is suggested that melatonin exerts a hypnotic effect through thermoregulatory mechanisms. By lowering core body temperature, melatonin reduces arousal and increases sleep-propensity. Thus, in humans, one role of melatonin is to transduce the light-dark cycle and define a window-of-opportunity in which sleep-propensity is enhanced. As such, melatonin is likely to be an effective hypnotic agent for sleep disruption associated with elevated temperature due to low circulating melatonin levels. The combined circadian and hypnotic effects of melatonin suggest a synergistic action in the treatment of sleep disorders related to the inappropriate timing of sleep and wakefulness. Adjuvant melatonin may also improve sleep disruption caused by drugs known to alter normal melatonin production (e.g., beta-blockers and benzodiazepines). If melatonin is to be developed as a successful clinical treatment, differences between the pharmacological profile following exogenous administration and the normal endogenous rhythm should be minimized. Continued development as a useful clinical tool requires control of both the amplitude and duration of the exogenous melatonin pulse. There is a need to develop novel drug delivery systems that can reliably produce a square-wave pulse of melatonin at physiological levels for 8-10 hr duration.
The Human Homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC45 (1998)

In budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC45 is an essential gene required for initiation of DNA replication. A structurally related protein Tsd2 is necessary for DNA replication in Ustilago maydis. We have identified and cloned the gene for a human protein homologous to the fungal proteins. The human gene CDC45L is 30 kilobases long and contains 15 introns. The 16 exons encode a protein of 566 amino acids. The human protein is 52 and 49.5% similar to CDC45p and Tsd2p, respectively. The level of CDC45L mRNA peaks at G1-S transition, but total protein amount remains constant throughout the cell cycle. Consistent with a role of CDC45L protein in the initiation of DNA replication it co-immunoprecipitates from cell extracts with a putative replication initiator protein, human ORC2L. In addition, subcellular fractionation indicates that the association of the protein with the nuclear fraction becomes labile as S phase progresses. The CDC45L gene is located to chromosome 22q11.2 region by cytogenetics and by fluorescence in situ hybridization. This region, known as DiGeorge syndrome critical region, is a minimal area of 2 megabases, which is consistently deleted in DiGeorge syndrome and related disorders. The syndrome is marked by parathyroid hypoplasia, thymic aplasia, or hypoplasia and congenital cardiac abnormalities. CDC45L is the first gene mapped to the DiGeorge syndrome critical region interval whose loss may negatively affect cell proliferation.
Versatile synthesis of doxyl spin labels bypassing the usual ketone precursors (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVersatile synthesis of doxyl spin labels bypassing the usual ketone precursorsJohn F. W. Keana and Terry D. LeeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 5, 1273–1274Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00838a068https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00838a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views152Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Constitutive phosphorylation of the vesicular stomatitis virus P protein modulates polymerase complex formation but is not essential for transcription or replication (1996)

As a subunit of both the P-L polymerase complex and the P-N assembly complex, the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) P protein plays a pivotal role in transcription and replication of the viral genome. Constitutive phosphorylation of this protein is currently thought to be essential for formation of the P-L complex. We recently identified the three relevant phosphate acceptor sites in the VSV Indiana serotype P protein (R. L. Jackson, D. Spadafora, and J. Perrault, Virology 214:189-197, 1995). We now report the effects of substituting Ala at these acceptor sites on transcription reconstitution in vitro and replication of defective interfering virus (DI) templates in vivo. The singly substituted S60A, T62A, and S64A mutants and the doubly substituted S60A/T62A and T62A/S64A mutants, all of which retain some constitutive phosphorylation, were nearly as active as the wild type in both assays. Surprisingly, the nonphosphorylated S60A/S64A protein was also active in transcription (> or = 28%)) and replication (> or = 50%) under optimal conditions. However, this mutant was much less active in in vitro transcription (< or = 5% of wild type) at low P concentrations (<27 nM). In addition, S60A/S64A required higher concentrations of L protein than did the wild type for optimal DI replication in vivo. DI replication efficiency and intracellular accumulation of L, P, and N proteins in the transfected system were very similar to those in VSV-infected cells. We conclude that P protein constitutive phosphorylation is not essential for VSV RNA synthesis per se but likely plays an important role in vivo in facilitating P multimerization and possibly P-L complex formation.
Links Between Effects of Butyrate on Histone Hyperacetylation and Regulation of Interferon Synthesis in Namalva and FS-4 Cell Lines (1982)

The human Namalva lymphoma cell line being an established producer, predominantly of α interferon, has been reported to enhance interferon synthesis after a preincubation in butyrate containing media. We have performed the corresponding experiments with FS-4 fibroblast cells and show that the synthesis of human β interferon is adversely affected by this treatment. Both cell types are hyperacetylated by the fatty acid to a comparable extent. However, after the withdrawel of butyrate, the persistance of highly acetylated forms of histone H4 is insufficient in the case of FS-4 to endure the interferon induction period. Concerning fibroblasts, deacetylation proceeds to a hypoacetylated state which is reversed only slowly. With lymphoid cells on the other hand, acetylated H4 specimens are much more stable and persist for more than eight hours in the absence of butyrate. Moreover, the acetylation reactions are supported by other Friend cell stimulators which by themselves are no inhibitors of deacetylase activities.
Overview of platinum chemotherapy in head and neck cancer. (1994)

Platinum-based chemotherapy has been used to treat head and neck cancer for approximately 15 years. For patients with recurrent disease, cisplatin/5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and carboplatin/5-FU combinations have proved superior to single agents in producing higher overall response rates. However, survival rates are not substantially affected, indicating a need to identify alternative new agents with activity. Newly diagnosed patients with advanced stages III and IV disease generally have a poor prognosis. The most common site of failure and cause of death is locoregional recurrence. To improve survival and alter patterns of failure in this population, platinum-based chemotherapy regimens have been combined with surgery or radiotherapy as initial curative treatment. Cisplatin/5-FU chemotherapy in this setting is effective in significantly reducing the incidence of distant metastases as shown in several randomized trials. The sole indication for induction chemotherapy in patients with advanced laryngeal cancer is as an alternative to laryngectomy. The Department of Veterans Affairs Laryngeal Cancer Study Group trial demonstrated no significant differences in survival in patients who received induction cisplatin/5-FU and radiotherapy or total laryngectomy and postoperative radiotherapy. An alternative approach utilizing cisplatin or carboplatin alone or combined with 5-FU, administered simultaneously with radiotherapy, is under investigation. Pilot data suggest that this approach may be more effective in improving locoregional control and hence survival. Three intergroup prospective, randomized trials currently are comparing sequential chemoradiotherapy, simultaneous chemoradiotherapy, and standard radiotherapy alone in advanced nasopharyngeal cancer, advanced resectable laryngeal cancer, and unresectable cancers from other sites in the head and neck. These trials are designed to definitively address questions of treatment modality sequence and its impact on pattern of failure and survival.
Replication-competent Moloney murine leukemia virus carrying a bacterial suppressor tRNA gene: selective cloning of proviral and flanking host sequences. (1985)

A bacterial suppressor tRNA gene was introduced into the long terminal repeat of the Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV) proviral genome to construct a retrovirus that allows easy cloning of the provirus with flanking host sequences. A replication competent virus, Mo-MuLV sup containing a tRNA amber suppressor gene, was derived that replicates to high titers in tissue culture cells and stably transduces the bacterial gene. The recombinant virus can efficiently replicate in vivo when microinjected into midgestation embryos or when injected into newborn mice and displays the same tissue tropism as wild-type Mo-MuLV. The suppressor gene in Mo-MuLV sup is functional in bacteria and allows efficient recovery of proviral genomes. This was shown by ligation of DNA from infected cells to phage lambda Charon 4A arms and selective growth of recombinant phages on su- host cells. All recovered phages contained Mo-MuLV proviral sequences and, because of the high cloning capacity of phage lambda, 1-11 kilobases of flanking host DNA. This virus should facilitate studying virus-host interactions in tissue culture cells and in animals.