gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast Image Recovery Using Variable Splitting and Constrained Optimization (2010)

We propose a new fast algorithm for solving one of the standard formulations of image restoration and reconstruction which consists of an unconstrained optimization problem where the objective includes an l2 data-fidelity term and a nonsmooth regularizer. This formulation allows both wavelet-based (with orthogonal or frame-based representations) regularization or total-variation regularization. Our approach is based on a variable splitting to obtain an equivalent constrained optimization formulation, which is then addressed with an augmented Lagrangian method. The proposed algorithm is an instance of the so-called alternating direction method of multipliers, for which convergence has been proved. Experiments on a set of image restoration and reconstruction benchmark problems show that the proposed algorithm is faster than the current state of the art methods.
SiC for Microwave Power Transistors (1997)

The advantages of SiC for high power, microwave devices are discussed. The design considerations, fabrication, and experimental results are described for SiC MESFETs and SITs. The highest reported fmax for a 0.5μm MESFET using semi-insulating 4H-SiC is 42 GHz. These devices also showed a small signal gain of 5.1 dB at 20 GHz. Other 4H-SiC MESFETs have shown a power density of 3.3 W/mm at 850 MHz. The largest SiC power transistor reported is a 450 W SIT measured at 600 MHz. The power output density of this SIT is 2.5 times higher than that of comparable silicon devices. SITs have been designed to operate as high as 3.0 GHz, with a 3 cm periphery part delivering 38 W of output power.
Signal peptide analogs derived from two chloroplast precursors interact with the signal recognition system of the chloroplast envelope. (1991)

We have used synthetic peptides representing segments of the signal sequences of preferredoxin (pFd) and the precursor of the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (pS) to study interactions with the signal sequence recognition system at the chloroplast surface. Peptides representing the COOH-terminal 30 amino acids of the pFd and pS signal peptides were able to completely and reversibly inhibit the import of their homologous precursors into isolated chloroplasts at a 2.5 microM concentration. Import was blocked at the level of precursor binding to the chloroplast. This inhibition of precursor binding and import was not due to disruption of chloroplast integrity as incubation of isolated chloroplasts with the peptides did not cause measurable perturbation of the envelope membranes. The peptides also were able to block the import of the heterologous precursor protein, suggesting that pS and pFd share a common signal sequence recognition system. Visualization of the bound peptides at the chloroplast surface by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using antipeptide antibodies gave a marked punctate staining pattern. This pattern is consistent with the localization of chloroplast import receptor(s) at contact zones between the inner and outer envelope membranes.
Nutrient Regulation by Continuous Feeding Removes Limitations on Cell Yield in the Large-Scale Expansion of Mammalian Cell Spheroids (2013)

Cellular therapies are emerging as a standard approach for the treatment of several diseases. However, realizing the promise of cellular therapies across the full range of treatable disorders will require large-scale, controlled, reproducible culture methods. Bioreactor systems offer the scale-up and monitoring needed, but standard stirred bioreactor cultures do not allow for the real-time regulation of key nutrients in the medium. In this study, β-TC6 insulinoma cells were aggregated and cultured for 3 weeks as a model of manufacturing a mammalian cell product. Cell expansion rates and medium nutrient levels were compared in static, stirred suspension bioreactors (SSB), and continuously fed (CF) SSB. While SSB cultures facilitated increased culture volumes, no increase in cell yields were observed, partly due to limitations in key nutrients, which were consumed by the cultures between feedings, such as glucose. Even when glucose levels were increased to prevent depletion between feedings, dramatic fluctuations in glucose levels were observed. Continuous feeding eliminated fluctuations and improved cell expansion when compared with both static and SSB culture methods. Further improvements in growth rates were observed after adjusting the feed rate based on calculated nutrient depletion, which maintained physiological glucose levels for the duration of the expansion. Adjusting the feed rate in a continuous medium replacement system can maintain the consistent nutrient levels required for the large-scale application of many cell products. Continuously fed bioreactor systems combined with nutrient regulation can be used to improve the yield and reproducibility of mammalian cells for biological products and cellular therapies and will facilitate the translation of cell culture from the research lab to clinical applications.
Scheduling and Analysis of Start-Up Transient Processes for Dual-Arm Cluster Tools With Wafer Revisiting (2015)

The trends of increasing wafer diameter and smaller lot sizes have led to more transient periods in wafer fabrication. For some wafer fabrication processes, such as atomic layer deposition, wafers need to visit some process modules for a number of times, instead of once, thus leading to a so-called revisiting process. Most previous studies on cluster tool scheduling focus on steady state at which cluster tools repeat identical cycles. Research on transient processes of dual-arm cluster tools with wafer revisiting processes becomes urgently needed for high-performance wafer fabrication. In order to speed up start-up transient processes, this paper adopts a program evaluation and review technique for the analysis of start-up transient processes and develops optimization algorithms for their scheduling of dual-arm cluster tools. Then, their complexity is analyzed. Finally, illustrative examples are given to show the applications of the proposed method.
Treatment of acute gout in hospitalized patients. (2007)

Crystal analysis, the gold standard for diagnosing gout, was performed in only 25% of patients suspected of acute gout. Combination antiinflammatory agents are used in over 50% of patients despite the absence of evidence to support use of such combinations. Renal failure was present in 73% of patients with acute gout. Colchicine and NSAID should therefore be used with caution in these patients. Practice patterns vary widely and often appear to be in conflict with recommended diagnostic and treatment measures for acute gout.
Control of dorsoventral pattern in vertebrate neural development: induction and polarizing properties of the floor plate (1991)

Distinct classes of neural cells differentiate at specific locations within the embryonic vertebrate nervous system. To define the cellular mechanisms that control the identity and pattern of neural cells we have used a combination of functional assays and antigenic markers to examine the differentiation of cells in the developing spinal cord and hindbrain in vivo and in vitro. Our results suggest that a critical step in the dorsoventral patterning of the embryonic CNS is the differentiation of a specialized group of midline neural cells, termed the floor plate, in response to local inductive signals from the underlying notochord. The floor plate and notochord appear to control the pattern of cell types that appear along the dorsoventral axis of the neural tube. The fate of neuroepithelial cells in the ventral neural tube may be defined by cell position with respect to the ventral midline and controlled by polarizing signals that originate from the floor plate and notochord.
Development of an orally-administrative MELK-targeting inhibitor that suppresses the growth of various types of human cancer (2012)

We previously reported MELK (maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase) as a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer. MELK was also reported to be highly upregulated in multiple types of human cancer. It was implied to play indispensable roles in cancer cell survival and indicated its involvement in the maintenance of tumor-initiating cells. We conducted a high-throughput screening of a compound library followed by structure-activity relationship studies, and successfully obtained a highly potent MELK inhibitor OTSSP167 with IC₅₀ of 0.41 nM. OTSSP167 inhibited the phosphorylation of PSMA1 (proteasome subunit alpha type 1) and DBNL (drebrin-like), which we identified as novel MELK substrates and are important for stem-cell characteristics and invasiveness. The compound suppressed mammosphere formation of breast cancer cells and exhibited significant tumor growth suppression in xenograft studies using breast, lung, prostate, and pancreas cancer cell lines in mice by both intravenous and oral administration. This MELK inhibitor should be a promising compound possibly to suppress the growth of tumor-initiating cells and be applied for treatment of a wide range of human cancer.
Piecewise Rational Quadratic Interpolation to Monotonic Data (1982)

An explicit representation of a piecewise rational quadratic function is developed which produces a monotonic interpolant to given monotonic data.The explicit representation means that the piecewise monotonic interpolant is easily constructed and numerical experiments indicate that the method produces visually pleasing curves.Furthermore, the use of the method is justified by an 0(h 4 ) convergence result.-1-1.
The Responsiveness of a Tetracycline-sensitive Expression System Differs in Different Cell Lines (1995)

A tetracycline-sensitive inducible expression system was used to regulate the expression of neurotransmitter receptor genes in two mammalian cell lines. The dopamine D3-receptor was stably expressed in GH3 cells, and GluR6 (a glutamate receptor subunit) was stably expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells. Three striking differences were found. 1) In the inactive state, virtually no D3-receptor expression was found in GH3 cells, whereas substantial levels of GluR6 expression were found in HEK 293 cells. 2) The induction of expression obtained upon removal of tetracycline was robust in GH3 cells but only modest in HEK 293 cells. 3) Whereas in each clonal cell line, the expression of a co-transfected hybrid transactivator is clearly regulated in a tetracycline-responsive manner, in the induced state, its mRNA levels were found to be very low in GH3 cells and very high in HEK 293 cells. The results indicate that, in contrast to GH3 cells, HEK 293 cells do not provide a cellular environment in which the expression of a heterologous gene can be tightly controlled in a tetracycline-responsive manner.
Electric measurements can be used to monitor the attachment and spreading of cells in tissue culture. (1991)

A new electrical assay to measure the attachment and spreading of cells in tissue culture has been developed and substantiated by comparison with a more conventional assay. Small gold electrodes are vacuum deposited on the bottom of standard polystyrene culture dishes and coated with various proteins. As mammalian fibroblasts attach and spread on these surfaces, the measured impedance of the electrodes changes. These impedance changes reflect the amount of area blocked by the spreading cells. Since the weak electrical signals used have no noticeable effects on the cells, this is a very convenient method that is both quantitative and sensitive for measuring cell attachment and spreading.
Lipid on capsular polysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria. (1981)

Hydrolysis of the meningococcal group A, B, and C, and Escherichia coli K92 polysaccharides by 60% aqueous hydrofluoric acid liberated various 1,2-diacylglycerols. These were extracted with chloroform, trimethylsilylated, and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Two 1,2-diacylglycerols were the major components isolated. In each polysaccharide, 80 to 90% dipalmitoyl glycerol and 10 to 20% distearoyl glycerol were identified. No monoacylglycerols or mixed diacylglycerols were noted. The presence of the hydrophobic end causes the polysaccharides to aggregate in a micellar form and may be the entity by which the polysaccharide remains attached to the outer membrane of the bacterium giving rise to the structure recognized as a capsule.
Energy Metabolism in Uncoupling Protein 3 Gene Knockout Mice (2000)

Uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) is a member of the mitochondrial anion carrier superfamily. Based upon its high homology with UCP1 and its restricted tissue distribution to skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue, UCP3 has been suggested to play important roles in regulating energy expenditure, body weight, and thermoregulation. Other postulated roles for UCP3 include regulation of fatty acid metabolism, adaptive responses to acute exercise and starvation, and prevention of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. To address these questions, we have generated mice lacking UCP3 (UCP3 knockout (KO) mice). Here, we provide evidence that skeletal muscle mitochondria lacking UCP3 are more coupled (i.e. increased state 3/state 4 ratio), indicating that UCP3 has uncoupling activity. In addition, production of ROS is increased in mitochondria lacking UCP3. This study demonstrates that UCP3 has uncoupling activity and that its absence may lead to increased production of ROS. Despite these effects on mitochondrial function, UCP3 does not seem to be required for body weight regulation, exercise tolerance, fatty acid oxidation, or cold-induced thermogenesis. The absence of such phenotypes in UCP3 KO mice could not be attributed to up-regulation of other UCP mRNAs. However, alternative compensatory mechanisms cannot be excluded. The consequence of increased mitochondrial coupling in UCP3 KO mice on metabolism and the possible role of yet unidentified compensatory mechanisms, remains to be determined.
Current Status of Locked Intramedullary Nailing (1987)

Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.
Concise Asymmetric Synthesis of (+)-Febrifugine Utilizingtrans-Selective Intramolecular Conjugate Addition (2008)

Intramolecular conjugate addition of γ-substituted (E)-α,β-unsaturated ketones with a Lewis acid (BF3˙OEt2) selectively afforded trans-2,3-disubstituted piperidine derivatives. Chiral substrates were synthesized by Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation of the enamine; the antimalarial compound febrifugine was synthesized from the major product of the conjugate addition reaction.
Inhibition of Sham Feeding-Stimulated Human Gastric Acid Secretion by Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 (1999)

Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-2 is formed from proglucagon in the intestinal L cells and is secreted postprandially in parallel with the insulinotropic hormone GLP-1, the latter of which, in addition, acts to inhibit gastric secretion and motility by inhibiting central parasympathetic outflow. We now studied the effect of GLP-2 on gastric secretion stimulated by sham feeding to test the hypothesis that also GLP-2 acts as an enterogastrone. Eight healthy volunteers were studied twice on separate days. They were sham fed with and without GLP-2 infused iv at a rate of 0.8 pmol/kg x min. Gastric contents were aspirated continuously by a nasogastric tube for determination of acid secretion, volume, and osmolarity. Sham feeding increased gastric acid secretion nearly 5-fold. Infusion of GLP-2 reduced incremental acid secretion by 65+/-6%, compared with saline infusion (delta8.75+/-0.37 vs. delta3.04+/-0.47 mmol x 60 min; P<0.01). Plasma concentrations of GLP-2 rose from a basal mean of 3.3+/-0.9 to a mean of 115+/-8 pmol/L (range, 57-149 pmol/L) during infusion of GLP-2 and remained at basal level during saline infusion. Plasma concentrations of GLP-1, gastrin, cholecystokinin, and secretin remained low and unchanged on both study days. We conclude that GLP-2 is a powerful inhibitor of gastric acid secretion in man. Further investigations will show to what extent GLP-2 contributes to the inhibitory effects on gastric secretion exerted by hormones from the distal small intestine, under physiological circumstances.
Playing for Benchmarks (2017)

We present a benchmark suite for visual perception. The benchmark is based on more than 250K high-resolution video frames, all annotated with ground-truth data for both low-level and high-level vision tasks, including optical flow, semantic instance segmentation, object detection and tracking, object-level 3D scene layout, and visual odometry. Ground-truth data for all tasks is available for every frame. The data was collected while driving, riding, and walking a total of 184 kilometers in diverse ambient conditions in a realistic virtual world. To create the benchmark, we have developed a new approach to collecting ground-truth data from simulated worlds without access to their source code or content. We conduct statistical analyses that show that the composition of the scenes in the benchmark closely matches the composition of corresponding physical environments. The realism of the collected data is further validated via perceptual experiments. We analyze the performance of state-of-the-art methods for multiple tasks, providing reference baselines and highlighting challenges for future research.
Increasing intakes of the long‐chain ω‐3 docosahexaenoic acid: effects on platelet functions and redox status in healthy men (2009)

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) can prevent cardiovascular events. However, few studies have addressed the effects of DHA on both platelet reactivity and redox status in healthy subjects, and dose-related studies are scarce. The main objectives of the present study were to determine the effects of increasing doses of DHA on platelets and redox status in humans. Twelve healthy male volunteers (aged 53-65 yr) were assigned to consume an intake of successively 200, 400, 800, and 1600 mg/d DHA, as the only omega-3 fatty acid, for 2 wk each dose. Blood and urine samples were collected before and after each dose of DHA and at 8 wk after arrest of supplementation. DHA was incorporated in a dose-response fashion in platelet phospholipids. After supplementation with 400 and 800 mg/d DHA, platelet reactivity was significantly decreased. Platelet vitamin E concentration increased only after 200 mg/d DHA, while p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation decreased. Urinary isoprostane was also significantly lowered after 200 mg/d DHA but was increased after 1600 mg/d. Therefore, supplementation with only 200 mg/d DHA for 2 wk induced an antioxidant effect. It is concluded that low consumption of DHA could be an effective and nonpharmacological way to protect healthy men from platelet-related cardiovascular events.
Factors Governing the Initial Process of TiO2 Photocatalysis Studied by Means of in-Situ Electron Spin Resonance Measurements (1998)

The ratio of the amount of carboxymethyl radicals to that of methyl radicals was measured in situ for the photocatalytic decomposition of acetic acid over platinized TiO2 powder in deoxygenated aqueous solution at room temperature and discussed in connection with the contribution of ·OH radicals in the oxidation process. Since carboxymethyl radicals are formed only by indirect oxidation, the radical ratio was used to measure the indirect oxidation via ·OH radicals. Thus, ratios of the indirect oxidation were estimated for five commercially available TiO2 photocatalysts, in addition to the several properties of the powders. The ratios were found to be sensitive to the characteristics of the TiO2 catalysts. The larger the amount of surface OH group, the more likely the indirect oxidation via ·OH radicals occurs. This could be attributed to the difference in the structures of the surface trapped holes elucidated by the ESR measurements of the corresponding TiO2 powder at 77 K.
Effect of inlet gas composition on working temperature of natural gas steam reforming (2008)

Catalyst is one of the most important factors to determine the cost and life of reforming system in natural gas steam reforming process.Application of low-cost Ni catalyst is limited in the area of reformer with a small medium scale for distributed power generation,because of its characteristics of sintering and carbon formation at a relatively high reforming temperature.In order to allow Ni catalyst work at a mild temperature with little sintering and carbon formation,the influence of composition of reformer inlet gas on reforming temperature at a certain space velocity and conversion of feed CH4 was studied.At the same time,a method of changing inlet gas composition by introducing circulating gas into the feed gas was also discussed.Experimental results showed that the working temperature of Ni catalyst with introducing circulating gas into the feed gas decreased greatly comparing to that without introducing circulating gas at the same space velocity and conversion of feed CH4.According to this study,a new steam reforming process applicable to distributed fuel cell power generation system with a small medium scale was proposed,in which the fuel cell anode outlet gas was separated into two parts,one part was circulated and introduced into the reformer after mixing with the feed gas,to greatly lower the working temperature of natural gas steam reforming.
622 Mbit/s‐sixteen‐channel FDM coherent optical transmission system using two‐section MQW DFB‐LDs (1995)

Abstract A light source and optical frequency control technique needed for realizing the optical frequency division multiplexing transmission (Optical FDM) is developed and experiments of a 622 Mbit/s‐sixteen‐channel FDM coherent optical transmission based on the heterodyne detection are conducted. the transmission is configured such that sixteen 1.55 μm wavelength two‐section MQW DFB‐laser diode (LD) are multiplexed by a star coupler. the wavelength of each LD was spaced at 10 GHz intervals with the frequency fluctuation kept under + 100 MHz by the optical frequency control circuit that uses a scanning Fabry‐Perot interferometer. the receiver configuration has a delay‐line demodulator, polarization diversity, and a frequency discriminator with no dead bands. For the station light source, the two‐section MQW DFB‐LD was tuned, which is the same as the transmitter, using current and temperature control. Random channels could selectively be received with a receiver sensitivity of ‐39.3 dBm. It was verified that 16 channels of 622 Mbit/s high‐vision (Japanese standard HDTV) signal could be transmitted through 110 km of 1.3 μm zero dispersion fiber without signal degradation.
Multi-Resolution Image Position Sensing Characteristics of R-HPSD (1993)

The authors have developed the Riken Hybrid Type Position Sensitive Device (R-HPSD), an analog and digital hybrid-type semiconductor image position sensitive device. The R-HPSD can improve the relative image position sensing resolution by tens of times, even with the use of ordinary electronics technology, without making sacrifices of simplicity and sensing speed in the conventional position sensitive device (PSD). It can also freely change the image position sensing resolution as needed by the selection of output terminals. It allows the realization of the multi-resolution sensing function that senses an image position, coarsely in a wide range or highly precisely in a narrow range, with a single sensor. Based on the principle of the R-HPSD, the authors measured the image position sensing characteristics of the one-dimensional R-HPSD prototype made for trial and experimentally confirmed the multi-resolution image position sensing operation. This multi-resolution image position sensing function is expected to be applied to various fields such as the automated system and robotics in CAD/CAM or FA as a new application. The R-HPSD can be effectively used as one of sensing devices to introduce the hierarchical operation pattern which is equivalent to the monitoring or attentive mode of the human being and is required for position sensing in the automated system, such as robots, or to implement intentional sensing.