gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compacted DNA Nanoparticle Gene Transfer of GDNF to the Rat Striatum Enhances the Survival of Grafted Fetal Dopamine Neurons (2009)

Previously it was established that infusion of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) protein into grafts of embryonic dopamine cells has a neurotrophic effect on the grafted cells. In this study we used a nonviral technique to transfer the gene encoding for GDNF to striatal cells. Plasmid DNA encoding for GDNF was compacted into DNA nanoparticles (DNPs) by 10 kDa polyethylene glycol (PEG)-substituted lysine 30-mers (CK(30)PEG10k) and then injected into the denervated striatum of rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions. Sham controls were injected with saline. One week later, experimental animals received either a ventral mesencephalic (VM) tissue chunk graft or a cell suspension VM graft implanted into the denervated striatum. Grafts were allowed to integrate for 4-6 weeks and during this period we monitored spontaneous and drug-induced motor activity. Using stereological cell counting we observed a 16-fold increase in the number of surviving TH(+) cells within tissue chunk grafts placed into the striatum pretreated with pGDNF DNPs (14,923 +/- 4,326) when compared to grafts placed into striatum pretreated with saline (955 +/- 343). Similarly, we observed a sevenfold increase in the number of TH(+) cells within cell suspension grafts placed into the striatum treated with pGDNF DNPs when compared to cell suspension grafts placed into the saline dosed striatum. Behaviorally, we observed significant improvement in rotational scores and in spontaneous forepaw usage of the affected forelimb in grafted animals receiving prior treatment with compacted pGDNF DNPs when compared to grafted animals receiving saline control pretreatment. Data analysis for protein, morphological, and behavioral measures suggests that compacted pGDNF DNPs injected into the striatum can result in transfected cells overexpressing GDNF protein at levels that provide neurotrophic support for grafted embryonic dopamine neurons.
A Dynamic User Authentication Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks (2006)

In this paper, we consider user authentication (UA) for wireless sensor networks. UA is a fundamental issue in designing dependable and secure systems. Imagine that a wireless sensor network is deployed in an intelligent building, a hospital, or even a university campus, to allow legitimate users to send queries and retrieve the respective result at any of the sensor nodes. Importantly, the system needs to provide a means of user authentication to verify if the user is valid. We propose a dynamic strong-password based solution to this access control problem and adapt it into a wireless sensor network environment. The proposed strong-password authentication approach imposes very light computational load and requires simple operations, such as one-way hash function and exclusive-OR operations. We present the design of the proposed scheme and discuss how to make use of the security features on MAC sublayer (medium access control) based on the IEEE 802.15.4 specification. Analysis on security and communication costs is presented to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme
Inhibitory Effects on HIV-1 Protease of Constituents from the Wood of Xanthoceras sorbifolia (2000)

From a methanolic extract of the wood of Xanthoceras sorbifolia, two new compounds, 29-hydroxy-3-oxotirucalla-7,24-dien-21-oic acid (3, xanthocerasic acid) and epigallocatechin-(4beta-->8, 2beta-->O-7)-epicatechin (6), were isolated, together with 11 known compounds. Of the isolated compounds, 3-oxotirucalla-7, 24-dien-21-oic acid (2), oleanolic acid (4), and 6 were found to be inhibitory substances against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) protease, with their 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)) being 20, 10, and 70 microg/mL, respectively. Condensed tannins of high molecular weights with epicatechin and epiafzelechin as the main extender units were found to be the most active principles of this plant (IC(50) values ca. 6.0 microg/mL).
Liposomal transfection of squamous carcinoma cells of the head and neck with IL-2 and B7 plasmids inducing an autologous immune response in vitro. (2006)

New treatment strategies need to be developed to face the increasing incidence and mortality of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), as the overall survival rate remains poor, with minor therapeutic progress having been achieved over the past forty years. One major goal could be to restore a damaged immune system by intratumoral injection of IL-2-genes that permanently provide non-toxic IL-2-protein concentrations at the tumor site, sufficient to activate cellular immunity in vivo. We showed that the transfection of SCCHN cell lines with IL-2-plasmids, encapsulated in DOTMA/Col, in vitro resulted in the synthesis of bioactive IL-2-protein for up to 30 days by the tumor cells themselves. The transcription of secondary cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, GM-CSF, TNF-alpha) and the expression of immunomodulatory surface molecules (MHC Class II, ICAM1) were enhanced. The IL-2-modified tumor cells were effectively lysed by autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). The immune response was enhanced by B7.1-gene-cotransfection and/or preactivation of PBLs with exogenous IL-2. We demonstrated that in vitro liposome-mediated IL-2-gene-transfection of SCCHN cells is an effective method to stimulate an autologous immune response and is, therefore, promising for clinical application.
TrkA expression decreases the in vivo aggressiveness of C6 glioma cells. (1997)

We stably expressed the nerve growth factor receptor trkA or a truncated trkA lacking the kinase domain (trkA delta) in a highly tumorigenic rat glioma cell line, C6. Survival of rats with large intrastriatal inocula of C6trkA cells was significantly longer than for rats bearing C6 or C6trkA delta cells. Histological studies revealed that C6trkA cells were much less invasive than C6 or C6trkA delta cells and had a greater rate of apoptosis. There was no apparent induction of differentiation of C6 cells by trkA. Therefore, unlike what is observed in neuroblastomas, trkA decreases tumorigenicity by modulating invasiveness and tumor cell death independent of inducing differentiation. This novel mechanism suggests a new therapeutic strategy for malignant gliomas.
An atypical residue in the pore of Varroa destructor GABA-activated RDL receptors affects picrotoxin block and thymol modulation (2014)

GABA-activated RDL receptors are the insect equivalent of mammalian GABAA receptors, and play a vital role in neurotransmission and insecticide action. Here we clone the pore lining M2 region of the Varroa mite RDL receptor and show that it has 4 atypical residues when compared to M2 regions of most other insects, including bees, which are the major host of Varroa mites. We create mutant Drosophila RDL receptors containing these substitutions and characterise their effects on function. Using two electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology we show that one substitution (T6'M) ablates picrotoxin inhibition and increases the potency of GABA. This mutation also alters the effect of thymol, which enhances both insect and mammalian GABA responses, and is widely used as a miticide. Thymol decreases the GABA EC50 of WT receptors, enhancing responses, but in T6'M-containing receptors it is inhibitory. The other 3 atypical residues have no major effects on either the GABA EC50, the picrotoxin potency or the effect of thymol. In conclusion we show that the RDL 6' residue is important for channel block, activation and modulation, and understanding its function also has the potential to prove useful in the design of Varroa-specific insecticidal agents.
Metal Nanodot Memory by Self-Assembled Block Copolymer Lift-Off (2009)

As information technology demands for larger capability in data storage continue, ultrahigh bit density memory devices have been extensively investigated. To produce an ultrahigh bit density memory device, multilevel cell operations that require several states in one cell have been proposed as one solution, which can also alleviate the scaling issues in the current state-of-the-art complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. Here, we report the first demonstration of metal nanodot memory using a self-assembled block copolymer lift-off. This metal nanodot memory with simple low temperature processes produced an ultrawide memory window of 15 V at the +/-18 V voltage sweep. Such a large window can be adopted for multilevel cell operations. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy studies showed a periodic metal nanodot array with uniform distribution defined by the block copolymer pattern. Consequently, this metal nanodot memory has high potential to reduce the variability issues that metal nanocrystal memories previously had and multilevel cells with ultrawide memory windows can be fabricated with high reliability and manufacturability.
Probing the Kinesin-Microtubule Interaction (1997)

Kinesin is a mechanoenzyme that couples adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis to the generation of force and movement along microtubules. To gain insight into the interactions of kinesin and microtubules, cross-linking, mapping, and proteolysis experiments were executed. The motor domain of kinesin was consistently cross-linked to both alpha- and beta-tubulin subunits. Initial mapping of the cross-linked kinesin suggested that amino acids within the N- and C-terminal cyanogen bromide fragments of the motor domain formed cross-links to both alpha- and beta-tubulin subunits. Mapping of the cross-linked tubulin suggested that cross-linking to kinesin motors occurred within the negatively charged, C-terminal cyanogen bromide fragments of alpha- and beta-tubulin subunits. Treatment of microtubules with subtilisin, a protease that cleaves C-terminal fragments from alpha- and beta-tubulin, reduced their ability to be cross-linked to kinesin motors supporting the idea that C-terminal sequences of alpha- and beta-tubulin may interact with kinesin motors. Finally, of three synthetic peptides, a peptide consisting of the last 12 C-terminal amino acids of beta-tubulin competitively interfered with the microtubule-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase activity of the kinesin motor, further suggesting that C-terminal sequences of beta-tubulin may be involved in kinesin binding.
Transformation of Indica Rice (<italic>Oryza sativa</italic> L.) Mediated by <italic>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</italic> (1992)

A system has been developed for the transfer of genes by Agrobacterium tumefaciens to indica rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Taichung Native 1), and optimal conditions for such Agrobacterium-mediated transformation have been determined. Excised stems, leaves, and roots from 3- to 4-day-old seedlings were infected with strains of Agrobacterium that carried plasmids with chimeric derivatives of genes for β-glucuronidase (GUS) and neomycin phosphotransferase (NPTII). After selection with the antibiotic G418, only roots survived and formed calli. The integration of chimeric genes in the rice genome was demonstrated by Southern analysis and assays of enzymatic activity. We obtained a transformation frequency of 37.5% for transgenic callus. In addition, the absence of hybridization with vir probes indicated that transformants were not contaminated with Agrobacterium. The complete failure of transformation in the absence of medium from potato suspension cultures (PSC) indicates that PSC is essential for Ti-mediated transformation in indica rice. A high efficiency of transformation was observed upon infection with the cointegrate vector pGV2260::NG1.
Single-layer membrane valves for elastomeric microfluidic devices (2008)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation A. R. Abate, D. A. Weitz; Single-layer membrane valves for elastomeric microfluidic devices. Appl. Phys. Lett. 16 June 2008; 92 (24): 243509. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2945797 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioApplied Physics Letters Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Novel Self-Assembled Monolayers of Dipolar Ruthenium(III/II) Pentaammine(4,4‘-bipyridinium) Complexes on Ultrathin Platinum Films as Redox Molecular Switches (2003)

We report the first example of a reversible redox-molecular switch based on dipolar ruthenium(III/II) pentaammine(4,4'-bipyridinium) complexes self-assembled on an optically transparent metal electrode, whose change in molecular properties can be simply detected by transmission spectroscopy with a conventional spectrophotometer.
Prolonged inhibition of luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels in male rats with the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonist SB-75. (1990)

Inhibitory effects of the potent antagonist of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone N-Ac-[3-(2-naphthyl)-D-alanine1,4-chloro-D-phenylalanine2,3- (3-pyridyl)-D- alanine3,D-citrulline6,D-alanine10]luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (SB-75) free of edematogenic effects were investigated in male rats. In a study to determine the effect on luteinizing hormone levels in castrated male rats, SB-75 was injected s.c. in doses of 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, and 10 micrograms. Blood samples were taken at different intervals for 48 hr. All doses of SB-75 significantly decreased luteinizing hormone levels for greater than 6 hr (P less than 0.01); this inhibition lasted for greater than 24 hr (P less than 0.01) with a dose of 5.0 micrograms and greater than 48 hr with 10 micrograms (P less than 0.05). Serum testosterone levels were also measured in intact male rats injected with SB-75 in doses of 25, 50, and 100 micrograms. All doses produced a dramatic fall in testosterone to castration levels 6 hr after injection (P less than 0.01); this inhibition of serum testosterone was maintained for greater than 72 hr, but only the 100-micrograms dose could keep testosterone in the castration range for greater than 24 hr (P less than 0.01). In another study using a specific RIA, we obtained the pharmacokinetic release pattern of SB-75 from two sustained delivery formulations of SB-75 pamoate microgranules and examined their effect on serum testosterone. After a single i.m. injection of 20 mg of one batch of microgranules, a large peak corresponding to SB-75 at 45.8 ng/ml was observed, corresponding to the "burst" effect. Levels of the analog decreased to 19.6 ng/ml on day 2, gradually reached a concentration of 4.7 ng/ml on day 7, and kept declining thereafter. Testosterone levels were reduced on day 1 (P less than 0.01) and were maintained at low values for greater than 7 days (P less than 0.05). In rats injected with 10 mg of SB-75 pamoate microgranules of the second batch, SB-75 serum levels rose to 33 ng/ml 3 hr after administration and then fell gradually to approximately 3.4 ng/ml on day 16, but a second small peak was seen on day 28. Subsequently, the analog levels decreased slowly to 2.9 ng/ml on day 42. At this time, testosterone serum levels were still significantly lower than in controls. These overall results demonstrate the efficacy of SB-75 in the suppression of the pituitary-gonadal axis. This modern luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonist can possibly be used for treating sex hormone-sensitive cancers and other disorders.
Ohmic contacts to SnS films: Selection and estimation of thermal stability (2008)

Selection of Ohmic contacts to SnS films is one of the crucial tasks for the fabrication of efficient SnS devices. Thus, we examined different nonalloyed metallization schemes, namely, Ag, Al, In, and Sn to SnS films since their Fermi level pins exactly in between the conduction and valance bands of SnS. To explore the Ohmic behavior of M/SnS (M=Ag,Al,In,Sn) structures, the electrical properties of as-grown structures have been studied at different temperatures. From these studies it is noticed that at room temperature all M/SnS structures, except Ag/SnS, have an excellent Ohmic behavior over the voltage range from −10 to 10 V. However, Ag/SnS structures showed Ohmic trend only in the voltage range of ±6 V. The stability of the M/SnS structures was also examined by annealing them at different temperatures (300–500 °C) and the obtained peculiar results are reported.
A 20 GHz microwave sampler (1992)

A microwave sampler circuit which operates over the frequency band of 1-20 GHz and has a number of novel features is described. These features include a wideband microstrip-to-slot balun and a wideband active isolator the function of which is to reduce the local oscillator to RF leakage from the input port of the sampler. The signal-to-noise ratio over the input bandwidth is greater than 20 dB at an input power level of -32 dBm. This signal-to-noise ratio was measured in an IF bandwidth of 175 MHz and includes the contribution from the IF amplifier. The sampler, which is made on alumina using MIC techniques, has an integrated impulse generator driven with a sinusoidal local oscillator of only 20 dBm over the frequency band of 250-350 MHz. The IF signal is in the 10-175-MHz band. The RF input VSWR is better than 2:1 up to 20 GHz, and the oscillator to RF breakthrough is better than -58 dBm (-78 dBc) when driven with a local oscillator of 20 dBm. This unusually low leakage was achieved by using the active isolator prior to the sampling circuit.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Direct writing of silver conductive patterns: Improvement of film morphology and conductance by controlling solvent compositions (2006)

The authors have investigated the influence of conductive ink compositions on the quality of ink-jet printed patterns. Controlling the solvent compositions plays an important role of reducing the so-called coffee ring effect. The use of a higher boiling point solvent with lower surface tension such as ethylene glycol enables the formation of a uniform deposit of silver nanoparticles due to surface tension gradient-induced inward Marangoni flow, which can compensate outward convective flow. It is demonstrated that the ink-jet printed film quality is directly related to the resistance difference in the conductive patterns.
Heregulin beta1-activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase enhances aggregation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells independent of extracellular signal-regulated kinase. (1999)

Heregulin (HRG) is a family of polypeptide growth factors derived from alternatively spliced genes. HRG can bind to receptor tyrosine kinases erbB3 and erbB4, thereby inducing erbB3 and erbB4 heterodimerization with erbB2, leading to receptor tyrosine phosphorylation and activating downstream signal transduction. Cell-cell homophilic adhesion (cell aggregation) is important in determining the structural organization and behavior of cells in tissues. In addition, tumor cell homophilic adhesion may affect invasive and metastatic potentials of cells. We report that HRG-beta1 can enhance aggregation of MCF-7 and SKBR3 human breast cancer cells. While investigating the downstream signals involved in HRG-beta1-enhanced cell aggregation, we observed that HRG-beta1 induced tyrosine phosphorylation of erbB2 and crbB3 receptor heterodimers and increased the association of the dimerized receptors with the 85-kDa subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). HRG-beta also increased the kinase activities of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and PI3K in these cells. By using the mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK 1 (MEK1) inhibitor PD98059 and PI3K inhibitors wortmannin and LY294002, we found that blocking the MEK1-ERK pathway had no effect on HRG-pbeta1-enhanced cell aggregation; however, blocking the PI3K pathway greatly inhibited HRG-beta1-mediated cell aggregation. Our study indicated that the HRG-beta1-activated MEK1-ERK pathway has no demonstrable role in the induction of cell aggregation, whereas HRG-beta1-activated PI3K is required for enhancing breast cancer cell aggregation. Because aggregation can contribute to invasion/metastasis phenotype of cancer cells, our results have provided one mechanism by which HRG-beta1-activated signaling of erbB receptors may affect invasive/metastatic properties of MCF-7 and SKBR3 breast cancer cells.
Evaluation and Performance Characteristics of the STA-R Coagulation Analyzer (2002)

within each year. Table The key words reflect the most important topics within each category. In the interest of simplicity, citations have been assigned to just one category. A more detailed and comprehensive listing of references for particular topics can be obtained by searching the online database (including title, keywords, and abstracts) using the appropriate keyword or keyword combinations. We have provided the total database and the database for the different categories for the convenience of the user [available through Clinical Chemistry Online (http://www.clinchem.org/content/vol48/ issue9/)]. Please note that in many cases we have relied on the abstraction service for the citation details. The Internet is also a rich source of information on microchips, and the reader is directed to the excellent DNA Microarray (Genome Chip) web site (15 ), which lists many aspects of microchips science and business.
A Critical Role for Complement C3d and the B Cell Coreceptor (CD19/CD21) Complex in the Initiation of Inflammatory Arthritis (2005)

Complement C3 cleavage products mediate the recognition and clearance of toxic or infectious agents. In addition, binding of the C3d fragment to Ag promotes B lymphocyte activation through coengagment of the BCR and complement receptor 2 (CD21). Signal augmentation is thought to be achieved through enhanced recruitment and activation of CD21-associated CD19. In this study we show, using the DBA/1 collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model, that conjugation of C3d to heterologous type II collagen is sufficient to cause disease in the absence of the mycobacterial components of CFA. Transient depletion of C3 during the inductive phase of CIA delays and lessens the severity of disease, and DBA/1 mice deficient for coreceptor components CD19 or CD21 are not susceptible to CIA. Adoptive transfer experiments revealed that CD21 expression on either B cells or follicular dendritic cells is sufficient to acquire disease susceptibility. Although CD19(-/-) and CD21(-/-) mice produce primary Ab responses to heterologous and autologous type II collagen, they are impaired in the ability to activate T cells, form germinal centers, and produce secondary autoantibody responses. These findings indicate that binding of C3d to self-Ags can promote autoimmunity through enhanced Ag retention and presentation by follicular dendritic cells and B cells, respectively.