gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning Implicit Fields for Generative Shape Modeling (2018)

We advocate the use of implicit fields for learning generative models of shapes and introduce an implicit field decoder, called IM-NET, for shape generation, aimed at improving the visual quality of the generated shapes. An implicit field assigns a value to each point in 3D space, so that a shape can be extracted as an iso-surface. IM-NET is trained to perform this assignment by means of a binary classifier. Specifically, it takes a point coordinate, along with a feature vector encoding a shape, and outputs a value which indicates whether the point is outside the shape or not. By replacing conventional decoders by our implicit decoder for representation learning (via IM-AE) and shape generation (via IM-GAN), we demonstrate superior results for tasks such as generative shape modeling, interpolation, and single-view 3D reconstruction, particularly in terms of visual quality. Code and supplementary material are available at https://github.com/czq142857/implicit-decoder.
Extending the Longevity of Fluorescence-Based Sensor Arrays Using Adaptive Exposure (2005)

Fluorescent microbead sensor arrays were prepared to determine sensor array longevity. Sensor longevity is limited by photobleaching of the dyes attached to the microbeads and presents one of the biggest drawbacks of most fluorescent dye-based arrays. Responses of an array of organic vapor sensors were acquired for 2 weeks to evaluate the sensor performance over time. Photobleaching effects were overcome in two ways: (1) by limiting the excitation light power and gradually increasing the power at a rate comparable to the sensor photobleaching rates and (2) by illuminating subsections of the array through an optical slit. Both approaches extended the longevity of a sensor array. During the longevity study, the sensor arrays were employed to test their ability to correctly distinguish between responses to seven vapors. A high classification accuracy (99.8%) was obtained after 17,700 exposures for vapor responses collected over two weeks using only approximately 8% of the array's surface area.
Immunotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia using irradiated and unirradiated leukemia cells (1974)

In a controlled clinical trial giving immunotherapy (irradiated allogeneic AML cells and BCG) to patients during the remission phase of AML, we have found in 19 patients in the controlled group who received chemotherapy only during the remission that 7 remained alive, with a median survival of 43 weeks, and 5 were in their first remission (median remission length 27 weeks.) Of the 23 patients who received immunotherapy, 16 remained alive (median 78 weeks) and 8 were in their first remission (median 45 weeks). The difference of survival in these two groups was significant with a ϱ value of .003. In a separate study, 9 patients received the same immunotherapy (without chemotherapy) for the maintenance of their remission. Three remained alive, with a median survival of 83 weeks, and a median remission length of 46 weeks. In a study of 17 patients receiving unirradiated (live) cells instead of irradiated cells, we found the results were not better, although it is too early to give a definite interpretation.
Interleukin (IL)-10 Inhibits Nuclear Factor кB (NFкB) Activation in Human Monocytes (1995)

Our previous studies in human monocytes have demonstrated that interleukin (IL)-10 inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated production of inflammatory cytokines, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha by blocking gene transcription. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), we now show that, in monocytes stimulated with LPS or TNF alpha, IL-10 inhibits nuclear stimulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF kappa B), a transcription factor involved in the expression of inflammatory cytokine genes. Several other transcription factors including NF-IL-6, AP-1, AP-2, GR, CREB, Oct-1, and Sp-1 are not affected by IL-10. This selective inhibition by IL-10 of NF kappa B activation occurs rapidly and in a dose-dependent manner and correlates well with IL-10's cytokine synthesis inhibitory activity in terms of both kinetics and dose responsiveness. Furthermore, compounds such as tosylphenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone and pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate that are known to selectively inhibit NF kappa B activation block cytokine gene transcription in LPS-stimulated monocytes. Taken together, these results suggest that inhibition of NF kappa B activation may be an important mechanism for IL-10 suppression of cytokine gene transcription in human monocytes. IL-4, another cytokine that inhibits cytokine mRNA accumulation in monocytes, shows little inhibitory effect on LPS-induced NF kappa B activation. Further examination reveals that, unlike IL-10, IL-4 enhances mRNA degradation and does not suppress cytokine gene transcription. These data indicate that IL-10 and IL-4 inhibit cytokine production by different mechanisms.
Common Molecular Pathways in Skeletal Morphogenesis and Repair (1998)

The formation of bone is a continual process in vertebrate development, initiated during fetal development and persisting in adulthood in the form of remodeling and repair. The remarkable capacity of skeletal tissues to regenerate has led to the hypothesis that the molecular signaling pathways regulating skeletogenesis are shared during fetal development and adult wound healing. A number of key regulatory pathways that are required for endochondral ossification during fetal development are described, and their reintroduction in fracture repair demonstrated. Secreted proteins such as Sonic and Indian hedgehog exert their effect on pattern formation and chondrogenesis in the appendicular skeleton, partly through regulation of molecules such as bone morphogenic proteins (Bmps) and parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP). Once chondrocytes have matured and hypertrophied, they undergo apoptosis and are replaced by bone; the transcription factor Cbfal plays a critical role in this process of chondrocyte differentiation and ossification. Analyses of the expression patterns of these genes during fracture healing strongly suggest that they play equivalent roles in adult wound repair. Knowledge acquired through the study of fetal skeletogenesis will undoubtedly contribute to an understanding of fracture repair, and subsequently guide the development of biologically based therapeutic interventions.
Parallel training of DNNs with Natural Gradient and Parameter Averaging (2014)

We describe the neural-network training framework used in the Kaldi speech recognition toolkit, which is geared towards training DNNs with large amounts of training data using multiple GPU-equipped or multi-core machines. In order to be as hardware-agnostic as possible, we needed a way to use multiple machines without generating excessive network traffic. Our method is to average the neural network parameters periodically (typically every minute or two), and redistribute the averaged parameters to the machines for further training. Each machine sees different data. By itself, this method does not work very well. However, we have another method, an approximate and efficient implementation of Natural Gradient for Stochastic Gradient Descent (NG-SGD), which seems to allow our periodic-averaging method to work well, as well as substantially improving the convergence of SGD on a single machine.
Superconducting quantum interference device instruments and applications (2006)

Superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) have been a key factor in the development and commercialization of ultrasensitive electric and magnetic measurement systems. In many cases, SQUID instrumentation offers the ability to make measurements where no other methodology is possible. We review the main aspects of designing, fabricating, and operating a number of SQUID measurement systems. While this article is not intended to be an exhaustive review on the principles of SQUID sensors and the underlying concepts behind the Josephson effect, a qualitative description of the operating principles of SQUID sensors and the properties of materials used to fabricate SQUID sensors is presented. The difference between low and high temperature SQUIDs and their suitability for specific applications is discussed. Although SQUID electronics have the capability to operate well above 1MHz, most applications tend to be at lower frequencies. Specific examples of input circuits and detection coil configuration for different applications and environments, along with expected performance, are described. In particular, anticipated signal strength, magnetic field environment (applied field and external noise), and cryogenic requirements are discussed. Finally, a variety of applications with specific examples in the areas of electromagnetic, material property, nondestructive test and evaluation, and geophysical and biomedical measurements are reviewed.
Conformational Behavior of Chemically Reactive Alanine-Rich Repetitive Protein Polymers (2005)

The synthesis of protein-based polymers with controlled conformational properties and functional group placement offers many opportunities for the design of advanced materials. In this work, protein engineering methods have been used to produce repetitive alanine-rich protein polymers with the sequence [(AAAQ)(5)(AAAE)(AAAQ)(5)](x) (x = 2 and 6); these macromolecules may mimic architectural features of certain alanine-rich helical sequences found in natural proteins. Various proteins from this family can be readily expressed and purified from Escherichia coli. Circular dichroic spectroscopy (CD) characterization demonstrates that the purified proteins are highly helical under a variety of conditions. Thermal analysis of [(AAAQ)(5)(AAAE)(AAAQ)(5)](2) via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and CD indicates that the protein undergoes a reversible helix-coil transition at approximately 45 degrees C and that the protein conformation can be manipulated at elevated temperatures depending on solution conditions. The demonstrated conformational properties of these artificial proteins suggest that they may be excellent candidates for elucidating structure-function relationships in biopolymers for nanotechnology and biological applications.
The Plasmid-Encoded Outer-Membrane Proteins of Yersinia pestis (1988)

The yersinial plasmid-encoded outer-membrane proteins (Yops) are encoded by the low-Ca++ response virulence plasmid present in the yersiniae pathogenic for humans. It has been shown that in Yersinia pestis KIM there are 11 of these proteins, which are expressed maximally during growth at 37 degrees C in the absence of Ca++. To recover these proteins in outer membranes, it was necessary to transfer the Y. pestis low-Ca++ response plasmid to Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. However, two of these proteins (Yops M and N) were present in the culture medium after growth of Y. pestis; no other Yops were released by the bacteria. This raises the possibility of multiple roles for Yops in the virulence of Y. pestis.
Increased expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end‐products in human peripheral neuropathies (2013)

Our data suggest roles for RAGE and its inflammatory ligands in human peripheral neuropathies and lay the foundation for further, more detailed and clinically oriented investigation involving these proteins and their roles in disorders of the human peripheral nerve.
Stability analysis for laser diodes with short external cavities (1989)

Results of a numerical analysis of the stability of external cavity lasers with short external cavities are presented. If the external cavity is shorter than about 5 mm (air equivalent), the laser remains stable for any feedback from that cavity without any coherence collapse. The results can be considered also as guidelines for the design of laser diodes with integrated passive cavities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Production of Controlled‐Morphology Pore Arrays: Implications and Opportunities (1987)

A technique, combining photolithographic methods, ion beam etching, and hot‐pressing, has been developed, which permits the generation of a wide range of controlled pore structures. Pores in almost any number, and of almost any size and spacing, can be produced at grain boundaries with controlled misohentation. This new method has permitted the development of novel experiments, which are being used to study pore‐drag effects during grain growth, pore morphology evolution during crack healing, faceting behavior, interfacial energies, and Ostwald ripening of pores.
Genome-wide Methylation Analysis Identifies Genes Specific to Breast Cancer Hormone Receptor Status and Risk of Recurrence (2011)

To better understand the biology of hormone receptor-positive and-negative breast cancer and to identify methylated gene markers of disease progression, we carried out a genome-wide methylation array analysis on 103 primary invasive breast cancers and 21 normal breast samples, using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation27 array that queried 27,578 CpG loci. Estrogen and/or progesterone receptor-positive tumors displayed more hypermethylated loci than estrogen receptor (ER)-negative tumors. However, the hypermethylated loci in ER-negative tumors were clustered closer to the transcriptional start site compared with ER-positive tumors. An ER-classifier set of CpG loci was identified, which independently partitioned primary tumors into ER subtypes. A total of 40 (32 novel and 8 previously known) CpG loci showed differential methylation specific to either ER-positive or ER-negative tumors. Each of the 40 ER subtype-specific loci was validated in silico, using an independent, publicly available methylome dataset from the Cancer Genome Atlas. In addition, we identified 100 methylated CpG loci that were significantly associated with disease progression; the majority of these loci were informative particularly in ER-negative breast cancer. Overall, the set was highly enriched in homeobox containing genes. This pilot study shows the robustness of the breast cancer methylome and illustrates its potential to stratify and reveal biological differences between ER subtypes of breast cancer. Furthermore, it defines candidate ER-specific markers and identifies potential markers predictive of outcome within ER subgroups.
Mauritania - Multisector HIV/AIDS and Endemic Diseases Control Project : environmental assessment (2003)

This environmental assessment develops a medical waste management plan for the Multisector HIV/AIDS Control Project for Mauritania. The action plan proposes improving the institutional and legal framework for medical waste management (HCWM); improving HCWM in health care facilities; training the hospital staff and the waste operators; sensitizing the population to risks associated with HCWM; promoting private company participation; and supporting the plan's implementation. The plan recommends using a modern incinerator for the national hospital, using a one-combustion room incinerator (home made) at the regional hospitals and health centers; and using stabilized side and bottom pits at health posts. The incinerator model suggested is compatible with the strategy of waste segregation at the source, in order to greatly reduce infectious wastes and restrict contamination of other non-contagious wastes (papers, plastics, pipes, and syringes, etc). All non-contaminated wastes will be treated more classically (disinfection, burial, garbage dumps). The system allows or the total melting of needles, the most feared vectors for accidental transmission of HIV/AIDS. Promoting the use of non-chlorinated plastic containers in health centers--where the volume of incinerated waste is expected to be insignificant--will help reduce pollution. Where the use of incinerators is not the preferred option, the following alternatives are proposed: chemical disinfection, disposal in garbage dumps or burial within the hospitals, if the appropriate area is available. The other systems (autoclaving, microwaves) are not recommended because they are very expensive and require highly qualified staff for operation. For liquid wastes, chemical disinfection is the most effective one for treating infectious wastes. For this reason, it should be given priority in the project. The report further recommends using a combined system (disinfection and septic tank) for regional and rural areas. In the central hospitals, owing to the importance of water volume, it is preferable to choose a physico-chemical treatment, which includes a disinfecting post, although this system would require more study.
Identification of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus P25 Pathogenicity Factor–Interacting Sugar Beet Proteins That Represent Putative Virus Targets or Components of Plant Resistance (2009)

Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) induces the most important disease threatening sugar beet. The growth of partially resistant hybrids carrying monogenic dominant resistance genes stabilize yield but are unable to entirely prevent virus infection and replication. P25 is responsible for symptom development and previous studies have shown that recently occurring resistance-breaking isolates possess increased P25 variability. To better understand the viral pathogenicity factor's interplay with plant proteins and to possibly unravel the molecular basis of sugar beet antivirus resistance, P25 was applied in a yeast two-hybrid screen of a resistant sugar beet cDNA library. This screen identified candidate proteins recognized as orthologues from other plant species which are known to be expressed following pathogen infection and involved in plant defense response. Most of the candidates potentially related to host-pathogen interactions were involved in the ubiquitylation process and plants response to stress, and were part of cell and metabolism components. The interaction of several candidate genes with P25 was confirmed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf cells by transient agrobacterium-mediated expression applying bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay. The putative functions of several of the candidates identified support previous findings and present first targets for understanding the BNYVV pathogenicity and antivirus resistance mechanism.
Conformationally constrained peptides. Chirospecific synthesis of 4-alkyl-substituted .gamma.-lactam-bridged dipeptides from L-aspartic acid (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConformationally constrained peptides. Chirospecific synthesis of 4-alkyl-substituted .gamma.-lactam-bridged dipeptides from L-aspartic acidJean Pierre Wolf and Henry RapoportCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 13, 3164–3173Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00274a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00274a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1032Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A retrospective analysis of High-Dose Interleukin-2 (HD IL-2) following Ipilimumab in metastatic melanoma (2016)

In this retrospective analysis HD IL-2 therapy displayed antitumor activity in melanoma patients who progressed following treatment with ipilimumab. Most HD IL-2 toxicity was not worsened by prior ipilimumab therapy except for one treatment related death from colitis. Care should be taken to avoid reactivation of CTLA4 antibody-induced colitis.
Ultrastructural Cellular Reactions in Pressure Zones of Rat Molar Periodontium Incident to Orthodontic Tooth Movement (1972)

Changes in the cells of the periodontal ligament of teeth subjected to orthodontic forces have been described. the purpose of the present study was to characterize these changes at the ultrastructural level. In 67 rats, maxillary first molars were moved buccally by means of fixed appliances rxerting forces of 5–25 g. Animals were sacrificed after periods of 30 min to 28 days. the experimental teeth with surrounding periodontal tissues were removed and processed for electron microscopy. Cellular changes not involving the nucleus, such as dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum and moderate swelling of mitochondria occurred within 30 min of force application. After 2 hrs, this cellular swelling was marked. Large vacuoles had formed in the cytoplasm, and the mitochondria frequently revealed considerable enlargement. More advanced degradation of cellular components was observed after experimental periods of 2 hrs or more. Rupture of the cell membrane had frequently occurred leaving isolated nuclei in various stages of decomposition.It seems that hyalinization involves severe injuries of fibroblasts and other connective tissue cells, resulting in cell death. However, necrosis was limited to circumscribed areas in the periodontal ligament. Dispersed globuli and nuclear fragments were occasionally observed within hyalini Aed zones at 2–7 days. Regenerative processes were prevailing in the 7–28 days specimens.
Continuous-wave singly resonant optical parametric oscillator pumped by a single-frequency resonantly doubled Nd:YAG laser (1993)

We report what is to our knowledge the first demonstration of a continuous-wave singly resonant optical parametric oscillator based on potassium titanyl phosphate. The pump source used is a single-frequency resonantly doubled Nd:YAG laser. By double passing the pump through the crystal, we achieved a minimum oscillation threshold of 1.4 W. With 3.2 W of incident pump power, a maximum 1.07 W of nonresonant idler power was generated. Spectral measurement reveals that the singly resonant optical parametric oscillator operates consistently in a single axial mode with much relaxed axial mode hop tolerance to cavity length and pump-frequency fluctuations compared with doubly resonant optical parametric oscillators previously demonstrated.
Comparative and Interactive Human Psychopharmacologic Effects of Ketamine and Amphetamine (2005)

These findings implicate N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors and dopamine systems in psychosis. However, glutamate and dopamine may differentially contribute to psychosis, thought disorder, and euphoria. Regarding medication development for cognitive dysfunction, the pattern of the interactive effects of ketamine and amphetamine is consistent with the hypothesis that facilitation of prefrontal cortical dopamine levels would attenuate some cognitive impairments associated with deficits in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor function.