gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of CCR7 mRNA in nonsmall cell lung cancer: Correlation with lymph node metastasis (2003)

Tumor cell migration into the lymph nodes is an important aspect of cancer, yet little is known about the processes involved. CCR7 has been shown to play an important role in tumor cell migration and lymph node metastasis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the expression of CCR7 in nonsmall cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). We investigated CCR7 expression in 71 patients with NSCLC who underwent curative tumor resection by means of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. CCR7 mRNA was expressed in 45 cases (63.3%). The CCR7 mRNA expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, stage, lymphatic invasion, CCR7 protein and CXCR4 protein (p = 0.0001 for lymph node metastasis; p < 0.0001 for stage; p = 0.0454 for lymphatic invasion; p < 0.0001 for CCR7 protein; p = 0.0013 for CXCR4 protein). Twenty-six (57.8%) of 45 cases with CCR7 mRNA expression in their cancer tissues were node-positive, whereas only 3 (11.5%) of 26 cases without CCR7 mRNA expression were node-positive. Furthermore, expression of CCR7 mRNA was shown to be an independent predictor of lymph node metastasis by multivariate analysis (p = 0.0117). Our study demonstrates that CCR7 might be related to the development of lymph node metastasis in NSCLC. The expression of CCR7 mRNA could open up a new window for the diagnostic staging and treatment of NSCLC.
Antiangiogenesis Therapy for Endometriosis (2004)

It is known that angiogenesis is of pivotal importance for the development of endometriosis. However, in the treatment of endometriosis patients, prevention of endometriosis lesion development only will not be sufficient as a therapy. Treatment options, aimed at interfering with established lesions, have to be developed. In this study we evaluated whether inhibition of angiogenesis by angiostatic therapy is also effective in antagonizing the sustentation of endometriosis. We evaluated the effect of the angiostatic compounds antihuman vascular endothelial growth factor, TNP-470, endostatin, and anginex on the growth of established endometriosis lesions in the nude mouse model. We show that human endometrium in the proliferative endometrium is highly angiogenic and that vascular endothelial growth factor-A is the most important angiogenesis promotory factor. The angiostatic compounds significantly decreased microvessel densities and the number of established endometriosis lesions. In the remaining lesions, the number of pericyte-protected vessels is not different in control and treated mice; however, the number of unprotected vessels was significantly reduced in the groups treated with the angiostatic agents. Our data demonstrate that inhibitors of angiogenesis effectively interfere with the maintenance and growth of endometriosis by inhibiting angiogenesis. This suggests that the use of angiostatic agents may be promising as a therapy for endometriosis.
Immune responses in mice following immunization with chimeric synthetic peptides representing B and T cell epitopes of measles virus proteins (1991)

The immunogenicity of chimeric peptides produced by collinear synthesis to contain both T and B cell epitopes from the fusion protein and the haemagglutinin of measles virus was studied in mice. The T cell epitope used was from the fusion protein (residues 288 to 302), which has been shown to be promiscuous in its binding to mouse major histocompatibility complex molecules. This epitope was coupled by (i) a glycine-glycine spacer to a B cell epitope from the fusion protein (residues 404 to 414) and (ii) either its amino or carboxy terminus to a neutralizing antibody epitope from the haemagglutinin (residues 188 to 199). The results obtained show that such chimeric peptides can indeed function as complete immunogens in a range of mouse strains of different H-2 haplotype, and can induce the production of antibodies which bind to the fusion protein and to measles virus. Furthermore, it was shown that the orientation of the T cell epitope with respect to the B cell epitope had a significant effect upon the immunogenicity and antigenic specificity of the chimera. This work gives further support to the concept of rationally designed synthetic peptide vaccines.
DEMAND FOR FINANCIAL INFORMATION IN SMALL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT. EMPIRICAL STUDY (2012)

Limited access of small enterprises to reliable and well-prepared information about their condition is mentioned as one of the main barriers to small business development. One of the key types of information used in management is financial information. It concerns the resources and financial flows in the enterprise. The main goal of the paper is to present the results of the questionnaire survey conducted in mid. 2010 among managers of small enterprises in Poland. The survey was used to recognize the usefulness of financial information in decision-making, to diagnose information needs of entrepreneurs and to identify factors affecting these needs.
Catalytic upgrading of tri-glycerides and fatty acids to transport biofuels (2008)

Fuels derived from the lipid fraction of biomass have recently received much attention for carbon neutral substitution of fossil fuels for transport use. In this article we review the current routes to catalytic upgrading of the biomass derived lipid fractions. The history and motivation for biofuels are discussed, including the link to current market trends amongst fuel prices. The sources of lipids and their chemical composition are considered. We review the current literature detailing the use of trans-esterification reactions (heterogeneous and homogeneous) which lead to oxygenated “Biodiesel”, and also decarboxylation, which leads to deoxygenated “Green Diesel”. Traditional methods are covered, as well as more recent novel research aiming to produce commercially viable fuels.
Detail Design of a Guidelineless Subsea Satellite Completion (1989)

ABSTRACT A new guidelineless, lay-away flowline subsea completion system has beendeveloped in cooperation with a major oil carpany. The system has been designedto incorporate the field proven and simple flexible pipe lay-away flowlinefirst end connection method with state-of-the-art guidelineless orientation andROV intervention technology. Guidelineless completion equipment is basically configured and installed in thesame manner as guidelineless drilling equipment with one important difference, the need for rotational alignment. The subsea completion equipment described inthis paper examines the key design points regarding "funnel up" and"funnel down" positional guidance hardware along with fully passiverotational orientation mechanisms utilized to position the tubing hanger, tree, and flowline equipment. The flexible pipe lay-away method gives the operator several options forflowline installation and retrieval; the most notable of which allows theflowline bundle (including hydraulic and electrical control lines) to be passedfrom a pipe lay vessel to the drilling vessel at the surface, connected tosubsea hardware, and functionally tested while the entire system is still inthe moonpool. The first system is currently being built in Brazil and will be installedoffshore Brazil in late 1989 - early 1990. GUIDELINELESS SUBSEA COMPLETION PRINCIPLE Requirement?s In 1986, a major oil company established broad requirements for a deepwaterfloating production facility fed by several guidelineless subsea satellitecompletions. The general requirements include:Preference for using the flexible pipe; lay-away flowline first endconnection and installation method.Six completions to be installed in water depths from 2425 ft. to 3830 ft. Four more completions may be installed later in up to 5900 ft. Equipmentdesigned primarily for 3280 ft.Preference for using a utility guide base (UGB) with a tubing readcompletion to simplify interface between different guidelineless drilling andcompletion system hardware. In particular, the UGB and tubing read are to bedesigned to interface with different 16-3/4 10k "funnel up" drillingsystems.Fully compatible with operational requirements for a dynamically positioneddrilling vessel, including a four to six percent of water depth (2.2 to 3.5deg.) emergency release angle and a 30 second unlock time for all subsearunning tools.Fully diverless installation and maintenance. Preference for using ROVintervention with proposed API equipment interfaces.Moonpool area is limited to 11.9 ft. by 12.3 ft. Maximum crane capacity forlifting completion equipment is 19.8 tons. A study was initiated at the start of the project to investigate andevaluate various guidelineless alignment concepts and develop the necessaryhardware design requirements that satisfy the general requirements. Theconcepts were reviewed and, with some recommended revisions, a consensus forhardware design requirements were established. The study's findings andspecific hardware requirements agreed to are discussed below.
THE EFFICACY OF SILDENAFIL CITRATE FOLLOWING RADIATION THERAPY FOR PROSTATE CANCER: TEMPORAL CONSIDERATIONS (2005)

Sildenafil citrate improves erectile function in men in whom erectile dysfunction develops following radiation therapy for prostate cancer. There is a clear time dependence for the response to this therapy with a stepwise decrease in all end points examined serially in a 3-year period.
A clone-specific monoclonal antibody that inhibits cytolysis of a cytolytic T cell clone. (1983)

Monoclonal antibody 384.5 specifically inhibited cytolysis of P-815 target cells by cloned L3 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) effector cells. The lytic activity of other cloned CTL that have other distinct specificities was not affected. Antibody 384.5 did not inhibit the cytolytic activity of bulk populations of C57BL/6 mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) cells. Concanavalin A-facilitated cytolysis by T cell clone L3 but not T cell clone B18 was inhibited by antibody 384.5, whereas phytohemagglutinin-facilitated cytolysis by L3 cells was not strongly inhibited. Antibody 384.5 binds specifically to L3 cells but not to several other T lymphocytes clones, or to a detectable portion of populations of primary MLC cells, normal spleen, thymus, lymph node, or bone marrow cells. In contrast, C57BL/6 anti-B10.A(5R) secondary MLC cells (genetically enriched for reactivity against the H-2Dd region gene products) contained a small population which reacted with the antibody 384.5. The determinant detected by antibody 384.5 was susceptible to trypsin treatment, and was reexpressed after overnight incubation. These results suggest that the monoclonal antibody 384.5 detects an endogenously synthesized clone-specific determinant associated with the cytolytic activity of the L3 CTL clone. These properties make antibody 384.5 an attractive candidate for an antibody that reacts with the antigen-recognition site of a cytolytic T cell antigen receptor.
Mapping of Alport syndrome to the long arm of the X chromosome. (1988)

Five X-chromosome DNA markers were typed on 261 members of three large kindreds with Alport syndrome (hereditary glomerulonephritis). Lod scores greater than 3.0 for linkage between the disease locus and two of the markers confirmed X-linked inheritance of the disease. A decreasing gradient in the estimated recombination fractions observed when the markers were ordered on the basis of their map locations suggested that the disease locus is on the long arm distal to all the markers typed in this study. Using three-locus analysis we rejected all but three map orders for the six loci (the disease locus and five markers). In all three the Alport syndrome locus was on the long arm of the X chromosome distal to all the markers. Two types of Alport syndrome were represented in the three kindreds. Affected males in one kindred developed deafness in addition to nephritis; deafness did not occur in members of the other two kindreds. Although larger recombination-fraction estimates were obtained for all five markers in the kindreds without deafness, the difference was significant for only one marker. Evidence of heterogeneity was not found in tests using two markers. Markers distal to the disease locus are needed to determine whether two loci are responsible for the two types of Alport syndrome.
Phenolic Glycosides from Viscum angulatum (2002)

Three new glycosides, pinocembrin 7-O-apiosyl(1-->5)apiosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), 2',3',4',3' '-tetramethoxy-1,3-diphenylpropane 5',4' '-di-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), and rhamnocitrin 3-O-apiosyl(1-->5)apiosyl(1-->2)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), were isolated from Viscum angulatumalong with viscumneoside V, naringenin, and homoeriodictyol. Their structures were established by spectral and chemical methods.
Distribution of Kv3.3 potassium channel subunits in distinct neuronal populations of mouse brain (2007)

Kv3.3 proteins are pore-forming subunits of voltage-dependent potassium channels, and mutations in the gene encoding for Kv3.3 have recently been linked to human disease, spinocerebellar ataxia 13, with cerebellar and extracerebellar symptoms. To understand better the functions of Kv3.3 subunits in brain, we developed highly specific antibodies to Kv3.3 and analyzed immunoreactivity throughout mouse brain. We found that Kv3.3 subunits are widely expressed, present in important forebrain structures but particularly prominent in brainstem and cerebellum. In forebrain and midbrain, Kv3.3 expression was often found colocalized with parvalbumin and other Kv3 subunits in inhibitory neurons. In brainstem, Kv3.3 was strongly expressed in auditory and other sensory nuclei. In cerebellar cortex, Kv3.3 expression was found in Purkinje and granule cells. Kv3.3 proteins were observed in axons, terminals, somas, and, unlike other Kv3 proteins, also in distal dendrites, although precise subcellular localization depended on cell type. For example, hippocampal dentate granule cells expressed Kv3.3 subunits specifically in their mossy fiber axons, whereas Purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex strongly expressed Kv3.3 subunits in axons, somas, and proximal and distal, but not second- and third-order, dendrites. Expression in Purkinje cell dendrites was confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy. Kv3 channels have been demonstrated to rapidly repolarize action potentials and support high-frequency firing in various neuronal populations. In this study, we identified additional populations and subcellular compartments that are likely to sustain high-frequency firing because of the expression of Kv3.3 and other Kv3 subunits.
EVIDENCE THAT PENTOXIFYLLINE REDUCES ANTI-CD3 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY-INDUCED CYTOKINE RELEASE SYNDROME (1991)

Pretreatment with pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine known for its beneficial effects on tissue lesions induced by the injection of endotoxin or recombinant cytokines, was shown to decrease the systemic release of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 2 occurring after the administration of the anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody 145-2C11 in mice. In parallel, PTX attenuated the hypothermia and the rise in blood urea nitrogen observed in this model. The protective effect of PTX on the toxicity of 145-2C11 was confirmed by the reduction of the mortality among D-galactosamine-sensitized animals. The mitigation by PTX of the release of cytokines did not affect the immunosuppression entailed by 145-2C11 as assessed by the unmodified cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) unresponsiveness against alloantigens measured 48 hr after the injection of the mAb. In vitro experiments on human peripheral blood leukocytes indicated that PTX alone or in synergy with methylprednisolone (m-PDS) also inhibited the release of TNF and IL-2 induced by OKT3. Finally, in a preliminary pilot trial conducted in kidney transplant recipients, we observed that pretreatment with PTX (20 mg/kg i.v.) in addition to m-PDS (2 g i.v.) reduced by half the amount of TNF released in the blood stream after the first injection of OKT3, while no further reduction of the low levels of IL-2 was found.
Insulin B chain 9–23 gene transfer to hepatocytes protects from type 1 diabetes by inducing Ag-specific FoxP3 + T regs (2015)

Antigen (Ag)-specific tolerance in type 1 diabetes (T1D) in human has not been achieved yet. Targeting lentiviral vector (LV)-mediated gene expression to hepatocytes induces active tolerance toward the encoded Ag. The insulin B chain 9-23 (InsB9-23) is an immunodominant T cell epitope in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. To determine whether auto-Ag gene transfer to hepatocytes induces tolerance and control of T1D, NOD mice were treated with integrase-competent LVs (ICLVs) that selectively target the expression of InsB9-23 to hepatocytes. ICLV treatment induced InsB9-23-specific effector T cells but also FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs), which halted islet immune cell infiltration, and protected from T1D. Moreover, ICLV treatment combined with a single suboptimal dose of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) is effective in T1D reversal. Splenocytes from LV.InsB9-23-treated mice, but not from LV.OVA (ovalbumin)-treated control mice, stopped diabetes development, demonstrating that protection is Ag-specific. Depletion of CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) T cells led to diabetes progression, indicating that Ag-specific FoxP3(+) Tregs mediate protection. Integrase-defective LVs (IDLVs).InsB9-23, which alleviate the concerns for insertional mutagenesis and support transient transgene expression in hepatocytes, were also efficient in protecting from T1D. These data demonstrate that hepatocyte-targeted auto-Ag gene expression prevents and resolves T1D and that stable integration of the transgene is not required for this protection. Gene transfer to hepatocytes can be used to induce Ag-specific tolerance in autoimmune diseases.
Bacillus licheniformis APase I gene promoter: a strong well-regulated promoter in B. subtilis (1991)

The 5&apos; regulatory region and the portion of the structural gene coding for the amino-terminal sequence of alkaline phosphatase I (APase I) were isolated from Bacillus licheniformis MC14 using a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide deduced from the amino acid sequence of the enzyme. The DNA sequence analysis of this region revealed an open reading frame of 129 amino acids containing the amino-terminal sequence of the mature APase protein. The protein sequence was preceded by a putative signal sequence of 32 amino acid residues. The predicted amino acid sequence of the partial APase clone as well as the experimentally determined amino acid sequence of the enzyme indicated that B. licheniformis APase retains the important features conserved among other APases of Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia colil Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and various human tissues. Heterologous expression studies of the promoter using a fusion with the lacZ gene indicated that it functions as a very strong inducible promoter in B. subtilis that is tightly regulated by phosphate concentration.
Apheresis for lupus erythematosus (1999)

Indications for the use of apheresis technologies in managing lupus erythematosus have undergone numerous conceptual changes since the procedure was automated in the 1960s and first attempted for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in 1974. Once thought to be a promising treatment for a variety of aspects of SLE, apheresis has been relegated to occupying a few important niches as an adjunct in managing the disorder. This article will review the history, physiology and rationale of apheresis pertaining to SLE. A focused critical review of pertinent literature is presented, along with specific recommendations relating to the place of apheresis in the lupus therapeutic spectrum.
Consensus Versus Expertise: A Case Study of Word Alignment with Mechanical Turk (2010)

Word alignment is an important preprocessing step for machine translation. The project aims at incorporating manual alignments from Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) to help improve word alignment quality. As a global crowdsourcing service, MTurk can provide flexible and abundant labor force and therefore reduce the cost of obtaining labels. An easy-to-use interface is developed to simplify the labeling process. We compare the alignment results by Turkers to that by experts, and incorporate the alignments in a semi-supervised word alignment tool to improve the quality of the labels. We also compared two pricing strategies for word alignment task. Experimental results show high precision of the alignments provided by Turkers and the semi-supervised approach achieved 0.5% absolute reduction on alignment error rate.
Anti-TAR Polyamide Nucleotide Analog Conjugated with a Membrane-Permeating Peptide Inhibits Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Production (2002)

The emergence of drug-resistant variants has posed a significant setback against effective antiviral treatment for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. The choice of a nonmutable region of the viral genome such as the conserved transactivation response element (TAR element) in the 5' long terminal repeat (LTR) may potentially be an effective target for drug development. We have earlier demonstrated that a polyamide nucleotide analog (PNA) targeted to the TAR hairpin element, when transfected into cells, can effectively inhibit Tat-mediated transactivation of HIV type 1 (HIV-1) LTR (T. Mayhood et al., Biochemistry 39:11532-11539, 2000). Here we show that this anti-TAR PNA (PNA(TAR)), upon conjugation with a membrane-permeating peptide vector (transportan) retained its affinity for TAR in vitro similar to the unconjugated analog. The conjugate was efficiently internalized into the cells when added to the culture medium. Examination of the functional efficacy of the PNA(TAR)-transportan conjugate in cell culture using luciferase reporter gene constructs resulted in a significant inhibition of Tat-mediated transactivation of HIV-1 LTR. Furthermore, PNA(TAR)-transportan conjugate substantially inhibited HIV-1 production in chronically HIV-1-infected H9 cells. The mechanism of this inhibition appeared to be regulated at the level of transcription. These results demonstrate the efficacy of PNA(TAR)-transportan as a potential anti-HIV agent.
Dexamethasone increases hepatotoxicity of MTX in children with brain tumors. (1998)

Dexamethasone can be eliminated from high dose methotrexate protocols for children.
Tubulointerstitial Nephritis-An Under-Recognized Renal Disease (2007)

Background: Tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) is an important cause of renal failure. However, the clinical presentation is usually not specific and under-diagnosed. Patients/Methods: A single-center retrospective analysis of renal biopsy results from 346 consecutive patients between 2000 through 2004. Primary target pathogenic process in tubulointerstitial compartment cases was collected. We investigate the TIN prevalence, causative agents and clinical outcome. Results: Primary TIN was identified in 71 (20.5%) biopsies; seven cases were excluded because of incomplete clinical profile. Therefore 64 cases remained for this study. Sixteen patients were ATIN only (Group 1), 26 patients were ATIN superimposed on pre-existing glomerular disease (Group 2) and 22 cases were CTIN (Group 3). Causative agents in ATIN (Group 1 and 2) were: infection in 4, drugs in 11, alternative medicine in 14. Herbal medicines caused 15 of 22 CTIN cases (68.2%). Causes were uncertain in 13 of 42 ATIN and 7 of 22 CTIN cases. Pre-biopsy suspicions were accurate in 27% ATIN with pre-existing glomerulopathy and in 50% ATIN without; it was 91% in CTIN. Renal damage was reversible in 40.5% ATIN and 13.6% CTIN cases. Conclusions: Half of the renal biopsy patients whose clinical diagnosis was not TIN showed it in pathologic findings. TIN incidence is higher than suspected and under-diagnosed in clinical nephrology practice. Drugs and alternative medicines are major causes. Investigating clinical history and emphasize on drug history, and high clinical awareness will improve diagnosis and prevent this devastating renal disorder.