gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of an antigenic determinant of the glycoprotein that correlates with pathogenicity of rabies virus. (1983)

The pathogenicity of fixed rabies virus strains for adult mice depends on the presence of an antigenic determinant on the viral glycoprotein. Two virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies have been used to identify this determinant. All pathogenic strains of fixed rabies virus bind to these antibodies and are neutralized by them, whereas nonpathogenic strains fail to react with these monoclonal antibodies and are not neutralized by them. Antigenic variants of the rabies virus with altered glycoprotein were selected by growing virus in the presence of one monoclonal antibody, 194-2. All variants that lost their ability to react with this antibody and an additional antibody, 248-8, were found to be nonpathogenic for adult mice. Analysis of tryptic peptides of the glycoproteins of pathogenic parent virus and nonpathogenic variants and the amino acid sequence of a specific variant tryptic peptide revealed that the change in pathogenicity corresponded to an amino acid substitution at position 333 of the glycoprotein molecule. The nucleotide sequence of the nonpathogenic variant glycoprotein gene contained a base change that confirmed the single amino acid substitution in the tryptic peptide replacing arginine-333 in the parental glycoprotein. We conclude that arginine-333 is essential for the integrity of an antigenic determinant and for the ability of rabies viruses to produce lethal infection in adult mice.
Effect of Heparinization of Fluids Infused Through an Umbilical Artery Catheter on Catheter Patency and Frequency of Complications (1979)

Heparinization of fluids (1 unit/ml) infused through an umbilical artery catheter (UAC) was efficacious in prolonging catheter patency in a double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical study. On the basis of life-table analysis, the half-life of catheter function was seven days in the heparinized group as compared with just over two days in the nonheparinized group (P less than .01). UAC occlusion occurred in 4 of 32 patients in the heparinized and 19 of 30 in the nonheparinized group (chi 2 = 17.6, P less than .01). Blood transfusions, number of arterial blood gases drawn through the UACs, and fluid infusion rates were not related to catheter occlusion. Heparinization of the UAC infusion did not alter the partial thromboplastin time or the incidence of catheter-related thromboembolic phenomena in the extremities. Heparinization of fluids infused through a UAC appears to be useful in the care of critically ill neonates.
Improving the Lane Reference Detection for Autonomous Road Vehicle Control (2016)

Autonomous road vehicles are increasingly becoming more important and there are several techniques and sensors that are being applied for vehicle control. This paper presents an alternative system for maintaining the position of autonomous vehicles without adding additional elements to the standard sensor architecture, by using a 3D laser scanner for continuously detecting a reference element in situations in which the GNSS receiver fails or provides accuracy below the required level. Considering that the guidance variables are more accurately estimated when dealing with reference points in front of and behind the vehicle, an algorithm based on vehicle dynamics mathematical model is proposed to extend the detected points in cases where the sensor is placed at the front of the vehicle. The algorithm has been tested when driving along a lane delimited by New Jersey barriers at both sides and the results show a correct behaviour. The system is capable of estimating the reference element behind the vehicle with sufficient accuracy when the laser scanner is placed at the front of it, so the robustness of the control input variables (lateral and angular errors) estimation is improved making it unnecessary to place the sensor on the vehicle roof or to introduce additional sensors.
Failure of total knee arthroplasty due to loosening and deformation of the tibial component. (1978)

A series of 100 consecutive UCI knee replacements showed a 7 per cent incidence of reoperation due to loosening of the prosthesis associated with permanent deformation of the tibial component. Analysis of the clinical data, roentgenograms, and removed implants showed associations between failure and radiolucency at the cement-bone interface, prosthetic obliquity, collapse of trabecular bone, change of the alignment of the extremity, and permanent deformation of the tibial component. Although no one of these factors by itself can be responsible for the mechanical failure of the arthroplasty, a predominant failure pattern exists. We think that the sequence of events is as follows: implantation of the tibial component with medial or lateral tilt; lack of firm skeletal stabilization; continual microtrabecular fractures; change in alignment of the extremity; and permanent deformation of the plastic component.
Nitric Oxide Releasing Photoresponsive Nanohybrids As Excellent Therapeutic Agent for Cervical Cancer Cell Lines (2013)

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) that can release nitric oxide (NO) on visible-light irradiation were prepared using 2-mercapto-5-nitro benzimidazole (MNBI) as stabilizer. These nanoparticles meet overall prerequisites for biomedical applications like small sizes, water solubility, and stability. It was found that even a very low dosage of MNBI-stabilized GNPs exhibit appreciable tumor cell mortality against cervical cancer cell lines, demonstrating the role of NO in killing cancer cells.
Lethal electric currents (1969)

Commercial-frequency currents of a few milliamperes flowing through the body will cause muscular contractions, resulting in the inability of the victim to release his grasp on a live conductor. Values of ``let-go'' current are very important criteria in the establishment of safe-current requirements. Since ventricular fibrillation, a condition in which circulation is arrested, is probably the most common cause of death from electric shock, studies of minimum fibrillating currents under various conditions are also significant. This article discusses investigations of both let-go and fibrillating current and presents some of the experimental data that have been obtained to date.
A two-type data cache model (2009)

Cache types are of two kinds-inclusive and exclusive. Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages. This paper proposes a new cache type which consists of both of the kinds of the cache. Initially the entire cache system is exclusive in nature which changes with reuse of the cache block/way to inclusive nature for the reused block/way. When a new block is fetched into the cache, the corresponding way is reset to exclusive way. On a reuse of a block in level one cache, the block is made inclusive. Else, the block is exclusive in nature. Conditions when this model outperforms traditional inclusive cache are derived. The model is simulated with SPEC 2000 benchmarks and a performance improvement of 22% over inclusive cache and 46% over exclusive cache is observed.
Domain structure of magnetic layers deposited on patterned silicon (1999)

Arrays of Si square dots down to 200 nm in size were patterned on silicon substrates, and thin films of different magnetic materials were sputter deposited on these patterned substrates. The magnetic film covers the top of the dots, the bottom of the grooves and to much less extent the sidewalls of the dots. Single domain magnetic dots were obtained for Co/NiO bilayers and Co/Pt multilayers, without significant direct coupling mediated by the magnetic deposit on the sidewalls of the dots. Our results indicate that, in these arrays, the magnetic pinning forces are stronger than the estimated value of the largest demagnetizing magnetostatic field on each individual dot. As a result, any magnetic configuration could in principle be stored in such arrays. This approach seems therefore very promising for the preparation of magnetic storage media with ultrahigh density.
Noninvasive Quantitative Measurement of Bacterial Growth in Porous Media under Unsaturated-Flow Conditions (2002)

Glucose-dependent growth of the luxCDABE reporter bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens HK44 was monitored noninvasively in quartz sand under unsaturated-flow conditions within a 45- by 56- by 1-cm two-dimensional light transmission chamber. The spatial and temporal development of growth were mapped daily over 7 days by quantifying salicylate-induced bioluminescence. A nonlinear model relating the rate of increase in light emission after salicylate exposure to microbial density successfully predicted growth over 4 orders of magnitude (r(2) = 0.95). Total model-predicted growth agreed with growth calculated from the mass balance of the system by using previously established growth parameters of HK44 (predicted, 1.2 x 10(12) cells; calculated, 1.7 x 10(12) cells). Colonization expanded in all directions from the inoculation region, including upward migration against the liquid flow. Both the daily rate of expansion of the colonized zone and the population density of the first day's growth in each newly colonized region remained relatively constant throughout the experiment. Nonetheless, substantial growth continued to occur on subsequent days in the older regions of the colonized zone. The proportion of daily potential growth that remained within the chamber declined progressively between days 2 and 7 (from 97 to 13%). A densely populated, anoxic region developed in the interior of the colonized zone even though the sand was unsaturated and fresh growth medium continued to flow through the colonized zone. These data illustrate the potential of a light transmission chamber, bioluminescent bacteria, and sensitive digital camera technology to noninvasively study real-time hydrology-microbiology interactions associated with unsaturated flow in porous media.
Human interleukin‐23 receptor antagonists derived from an albumin‐binding domain scaffold inhibit IL‐23‐dependent ex vivo expansion of IL‐17‐producing T‐cells (2013)

Engineered combinatorial libraries derived from small protein scaffolds represent a powerful tool for generating novel binders with high affinity, required specificity and designed inhibitory function. This work was aimed to generate a collection of recombinant binders of human interleukin-23 receptor (IL-23R), which is a key element of proinflammatory IL-23-mediated signaling. A library of variants derived from the three-helix bundle scaffold of the albumin-binding domain (ABD) of streptococcal protein G and ribosome display were used to select for high-affinity binders of recombinant extracellular IL-23R. A collection of 34 IL-23R-binding proteins (called REX binders), corresponding to 18 different sequence variants, was used to identify a group of ligands that inhibited binding of the recombinant p19 subunit of IL-23, or the biologically active human IL-23 cytokine, to the recombinant IL-23R or soluble IL-23R-IgG chimera. The strongest competitors for IL-23R binding in ELISA were confirmed to recognize human IL-23R-IgG in surface plasmon resonance experiments, estimating the binding affinity in the sub- to nanomolar range. We further demonstrated that several REX variants bind to human leukemic cell lines K-562, THP-1 and Jurkat, and this binding correlated with IL-23R cell-surface expression. The REX125, REX009 and REX128 variants competed with the p19 protein for binding to THP-1 cells. Moreover, the presence of REX125, REX009 and REX115 variants significantly inhibited the IL-23-driven expansion of IL-17-producing primary human CD4(+) T-cells. Thus, we conclude that unique IL-23R antagonists derived from the ABD scaffold were generated that might be useful in designing novel anti-inflammatory biologicals.
Development of an Immunoassay-Based Lateral Flow Dipstick for the Rapid Detection of Aflatoxin B1 in Pig Feed (2005)

The aim of this work was to develop an immunoassay-based lateral flow dipstick for the rapid detection of aflatoxin B(1) in pig feed. The test consisted of three main components: conjugate pad, membrane, and absorbent pad. The membrane was coated with two capture reagents, that is, aflatoxin B(1)-bovine serum albumin conjugate and rabbit anti-mouse antibodies. The detector reagent consisted of colloidal gold particles coated with affinity-purified monoclonal anti-aflatoxin B(1) antibodies, which saturated the conjugate pad. A comparison of several extraction methods for the pig feed matrix is presented. A mixture of methanol/water (80:20, v/v) gave the best recoveries. After sample extraction and dilution, the dipstick was put in the sample solution at the conjugate pad side and developed for 10 min. Analyte present in the sample competed with the aflatoxin B(1) immobilized on the membrane for binding to the limited amount of antibodies in the detector reagent. Thus, the line color intensity of an aflatoxin B(1)-positive dipstick is visually distinguishable from that of an aflatoxin B(1)-negative sample. The visual detection limit for aflatoxin B(1) is 5 microg/kg. The major advantages of this one-step striptest are that results can be obtained within 10 min and that all reagents are immobilized on the lateral flow dipstick.
Renal Innervation and Denervation: Lessons from Renal Transplantation Reconsidered (1987)

Renal transplantation assures complete denervation of the kidney. Human renal transplantation provided an opportunity to examine the consequences of renal denervation on renal functional capacity in human subjects. These initial studies led to an anatomical and physiological assessment of the time course of renal neural degeneration and reinnervation following renal transplantation or surgical division of the renal nerves. Together with a growing body of information concerning the extensive intrinsic innervation of the kidney's structural components, there has developed a comprehensive understanding of the overall neural control of kidney function.
High-Power GaN P-N Junction Blue-Light-Emitting Diodes (1991)

High-power p-n junction blue-light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were fabricated using GaN films grown with GaN buffer layers. The external quantum efficiency was as high as 0.18%. Output power was almost 10 times higher than that of conventional 8-mcd SiC blue LEDs. The forward voltage was as low as 4 V at a forward current of 20 mA. This forward voltage is the lowest ever reported for GaN LEDs. The peak wavelength and the full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of GaN LEDs were 430 nm and 55 nm, respectively.
Acceleration of Osteogenic Differentiation of Preosteoblastic Cells by Chitosan Containing Nanofibrous Scaffolds (2009)

To accelerate bone tissue formation, scaffolds better provide stimulatory niches to the residing cells for osteogenic differentiation. In this study, polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers containing various amounts of chitosan (0, 3, 9, and 23%) were prepared and evaluated for their osteogenic differentiation of preosteoblasts in 2D and 3D cultures. Characterization of the obtained nanofibers revealed that average fiber diameter, hydrophilicity, Young's modulus, and fiber degradation were closely correlated with the amount of chitosan in PCL nanofibers. Incorporation of chitosan in PCL nanofibers not only improved the adhesion and proliferation of MC 3T3-E1 cells but also elevated calcium deposition, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and the expression of osteopontin (OPN) compared to PCL alone nanofibers. Culture of cell-rich 3D constructs prepared by layer-by-layer assembling MC 3T3-E1 with chitosan containing PCL nanofibers led to a uniform tissue formation with significant mineralization at 21 days. In all, chitosan containing PCL nanofibers are superior to PCL nanofibers in promoting bone tissue formation.
Immunorepertoire analysis by multiplex PCR amplification and high throughput sequencing (42.6) (2009)

Abstract An immunorepertoire is the sum of functionally diverse B and T cells in one’s circulation at any given moment. Three key factors shape the personal immunorepertoire: HLA type, antigen exposure history, and immunoregulation. Two major challenges have made studying the immunorepertoire difficult: the enormous diversity of V(D)Js, and the scarcity of each VDJ in a sample. To overcome these challenges, a powerful multiplex PCR method has been developed to amplify, inclusively and unbiased, all expressed VDJs in a sample. The amplicon mixture was sequenced directly with Roche 454 platform. In one run, for example, more than 73,000 and 119,000 unique V(D)Js were obtained from B and T cells, respectively. High resolution HLA typing was also carried out with the same sequencing run. This novel technology can be used to uncover possible disease mechanisms associated with abnormal immunorepertoires, to evaluate vaccine efficiency, to identify new biomarkers, and to develop new therapeutics. An online dababase and unique analytical tools have been developed for data sharing, deposition, and mining.
Examination of the roles of glycoprotein Ib and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in platelet deposition on an artificial surface using clinical antiplatelet agents and monoclonal antibody blockade (1991)

The mechanism of platelet thrombus growth on an artificial surface is incompletely understood. While glycoprotein (GP)Ib and GPIIb/IIIa are required for normal attachment and thrombus formation on subendothelium, their roles in platelet deposition to artificial surfaces remain unclear. Using selected platelet inhibitors (aspirin [ASA], low molecular weight dextran, monoclonal antibodies 10E5 [v GPIIb/IIIa], and 6D1 [GPIb]) we examined the mechanism of platelet deposition to polyethylene (PE) surfaces under steady laminar and oscillatory flow conditions. Polyethylene-100 (PE-100) tubes (0.86 mm internal diameter) were perfused under steady laminar flow with citrated human whole blood reconstituted with 111indium-labeled platelets at 312 seconds-1 shear rate in the presence and absence of platelet inhibitors. The effect of oscillatory flow on platelet deposition was examined in a microwell system using 3/16-inch diameter discs of National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute primary reference PE as the test surface. ASA and dextran did not significantly (P greater than .05) inhibit platelet deposition in laminar flow (not tested in oscillatory). Antibody 10E5 was a potent inhibitor (laminar less than 1%, P less than .0001, oscillatory less than 1.6%, P less than .01) of platelet deposition in both systems, and in this case, true adhesion (first attached layer) was blocked. Antibody 6D1 unexpectedly inhibited 70% of platelet deposition (P less than .01) in steady laminar flow and 56.5% in oscillatory flow (P less than .01). Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated platelets atop platelets in the controls, rare platelets in the 10E5 group, and a patchy monolayer of platelets in the 6D1 group. Transmission electron microscopy of cross-sections confirmed these observations. We conclude that the adhesion of the first platelet layer to an artificial surface requires GPIIb/IIIa. The data also suggest that GPIb is required for the development of the second layer in vertical platelet thrombus growth.
Telomeres in the mouse have large inter-chromosomal variations in the number of T 2 AG 3  repeats (1997)

The ultra-long telomeres that have been observed in mice are not in accordance with the concept that critical telomere shortening is related to aging and immortalization. Here, we have used quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization to estimate (T2AG3)n lengths of individual telomeres in various mouse strains. Telomere lengths were very heterogeneous, but specific chromosomes of bone marrow cells and skin fibroblasts from individual mice had similar telomere lengths. We estimate that the shortest telomeres are around 10 kb in length, indicating that each mouse cell has a few telomeres with (T2AG3)n lengths within the range of human telomeres. These short telomeres may be critical in limiting the replicative potential of murine cells.
Quantum well intermixing in material systems for 1.5 μm (invited) (1998)

Precise control over local optical and electrical characteristics across a semiconductor wafer is a fundamental requirement for the fabrication of photonic integrated circuits. Quantum well intermixing is one approach, where the band gap of a quantum well structure is modified by intermixing the well and barrier layers. Here we report recent progress in the development of intermixing techniques for long wavelength applications, discussing two basic techniques. The first is a class of laser disordering techniques which take place in the solid state. The second is a novel intermixing technique involving plasma induced damage. Both techniques enable large band gap shifts to be achieved in standard GaInAsP multiple quantum well laser structures. The potential of both techniques for photonic integration is further demonstrated by the fabrication and characterisation of extended cavity lasers.
Crystal structure of Lyme disease antigen outer surface protein A complexed with an Fab (1997)

OspA (outer surface protein A) is an abundant immunogenic lipoprotein of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. The crystal structure of a soluble recombinant form of OspA was solved in a complex with the Fab fragment of mouse monoclonal antibody 184.1 and refined to a resolution of 1.9 A. OspA has a repetitive antiparallel beta topology with an unusual nonglobular region of "freestanding" sheet connecting globular N- and C-terminal domains. Arrays of residues with alternating charges are a predominant feature of the folding pattern in the nonglobular region. The 184.1 epitope overlaps with a well conserved surface in the N-terminal domain, and a hydrophobic cavity buried in a positively charged cleft in the C-terminal domain is a potential binding site for an unknown ligand. An exposed variable region on the C-terminal domain of OspA is predicted to be an important factor in the worldwide effectiveness of OspA-based vaccines.
Compositional Studies of High-and Low-Crimp Wools (1972)

Merino wools with high staple crimp frequency contained 20% more cystine than poorly crimped wools of the same strain. These differences were reflected in both the quantity and composition of those components of the high-sulphur fraction of wool keratin that are richest in sulphur. It was found that this greater concentration of disulphide cross-linkages in high-crimp wools was associated with a marked reduction in swelling and supercontraction but has no effect on the stress of single fibres at 30% extension in water.
Emerging digital micromirror device (DMD) applications (2003)

For the past six years, Digital Light Processing technology from Texas Instruments has made significant inroads in the projection display market. With products enabling the world’s smallest data and video projectors, HDTVs, and digital cinema, DLP technology is extremely powerful and flexible. At the heart of these display solutions is Texas Instruments Digital Micromirror Device (DMD), a semiconductor-based “light switch” array of thousands of individually addressable, tiltable, mirror-pixels. With success of the DMD as a spatial light modulator for projector applications, dozens of new applications are now being enabled by general-use DMD products that are recently available to developers. The same light switching speed and “on-off” (contrast) ratio that have resulted in superior projector performance, along with the capability of operation outside the visible spectrum, make the DMD very attractive for many applications, including volumetric display, holographic data storage, lithography, scientific instrumentation, and medical imaging. This paper presents an overview of past and future DMD performance in the context of new DMD applications, cites several examples of emerging products, and describes the DMD components and tools now available to developers.