gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Capacity of multi-service cellular networks with transmission-rate control (2002)

In this paper we compute the uplink capacity of power-control CDMA mobile networks with an idealized power control, that contain best-effort type applications, i.e. applications whose transmission rate can be controlled. An arriving best-effort call is assumed to have a fixed amount of traffic to send, so the transmission rate assigned to it determines the duration of the call. We allow for multi-services (so that mobile stations have different quality of service requirements). Unlike some previous published work where soft blocking was considered (and the system was thus allowed to operate beyond capacity), we assume that a call admission mechanism is implemented in order to prevent a new call to arrive when the system is already saturated. This guarantees the quality of service of ongoing calls. Our first result is that slowing the transmission rates in the case of a single cell with homogeneous quality of service characteristics increases capacity. This suggests that there is a limit capacity that can be approached when slowing down the transmission rates. We identify this limit and show that it has the following property: as long as the arrival rate of information is below some level, blocking probability can become arbitrarily small by sufficiently slowing down the transmission rates. We then extend the results to the general heterogeneous and multi-cell case.
Clinical application of human embryonic stem cells (2011)

R ecent advances in stem cell biology, including the development of optimized cell type- specific culture systems, and the broader understandings of biochemical and molecular signals involved in cell self-renewal and differentiation have brought cell-based therapy closer to practical application. As of now, at least 250 adult stem cell therapies are being used or tested in clinical situations. Stem cells have two important properties that distinguish them from other types of cells; they can both proliferate without changing their phenotypes indefinitely, and they also can differentiate into one or more new kinds of cells depending on their culture conditions. Thus, stem cell therapy could be most effective for treating the diseases that are marked by the loss of cells. The typical examples are Parkinsons disease, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, heart failure, blindness, spinal cord injury, and stroke. Additionally, stem cell derivatives can be used in drug discovery as well. In the last decade, various types of stem cells have been identified from preimplantation stage embryos, fetuses, placentas, and adult tissues. Moreover, it is now almost a common practice to produce induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from various adult somatic cells using only a few defined factors. Thus, it is feasible that patient-specific stem cells will be generated with less controversy in the near future. However, human embryonic stem (ES) cells firmly remain the gold standard because of their greatest potential to become any type of cell in the body. The vast knowledge obtained from human ES cell research in the past decade has made cell-based therapy more promising than ever. Even the recent establishment of iPS cell technology is the culmination of human ES cells research. In our laboratory, interesting human cardiovascular cells including endothelial precursor cells and beating myocardiac cells, artificial blood cells, and retinal pigment epithelial cells were successfully differentiated and their therapeutic potential was confirmed after cell transplantation into animal models. Thus, here, the current research status of human embryonic stem cell-based therapy will be introduced and the future directions of stem cell applications in clinical trials will be discussed.
Azo‐aryle und Phenazine aus primären Arylaminanionen durch Autoxydation (1963)

Abstract Primäre Arylamine mit substituenten erster Ordnung sind in Gegenwart von Alkalialkoholen, vornehmlich Kalium‐tert.‐butylat, autoxydabel und werden in azo‐aryle übergeführt. Substituenten Zweiter ordnung in o‐ und p‐Stellung unterdrücken die Autoxydation, m‐substituierte Amine sind wieder autoxydabel; es entstehen jedoch keine definierten Verbindungen. — Bei der Autoxydation eines Gemisches von Arylaminen mit substituenten erster Ordnung unter Standard‐ Bedingungen entstehen symm. und unsymm. Azo‐aryle. –Aus α‐ und β‐Naphtylaminen bilden sich unter den gleichen Bedingungen in z. T. guten Ausbeuten Phenazine. – Es wird gezeigt, daß an er dehydrierenden Dimerisierung Radikale beteiligt sind.
WASMII: a data driven computer on a virtual hardware (2002)

Virtual hardware is a technique to realize a large digital circuit with a small real hardware by using an extended Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology. Several configuration RAM modules are provided inside the FPGA chip, and the configuration of the gate array can be rapidly changed by replacing the active module. Data for configuration are transferred from an off-chip backup RAM to an unused configuration RAM module. A novel computation mechanism called the WASMII, which executes a target data flow graph directly, is proposed on the basis of the virtual hardware. A WASMII chip consists of the FPGA for virtual hardware and the additional mechanism to replace configuration RAM modules in the data driven manner. Configuration data are preloaded by the order which is assigned in advance with a static scheduling preprocessor. By connecting a number of WASMII chips, a highly parallel system can be easily constructed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Interactions between Bacteria and Influenza A Virus in the Developmentof Influenza Pneumonia (1992)

Different proteases from various microorganisms present in the respiratory tract were capable of enhancing influenza virus infectivity and pathogenicity in mice by proteolytic activation of hemagglutinin (HA). Aerococcus viridans, isolated from a patient with pneumonia, secreted a protease that could activate HA directly, similarly to some Staphylococcus aureus strains. The protease of Pseudomonas aeruginosa could not activate HA directly, but combined application of P. aeruginosa protease and virus into mice enhanced virus titers and pathogenicity. Generation of trypsin-like activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids resulting from this combination treatment may be responsible for HA activation. A similar indirect effect on HA activation was induced by streptokinase and staphylokinase, which are known to generate plasmin by plasminogen activation. It was concluded that plasminogen-activating streptococci and staphylococci facilitate viral replication and pathogenicity of plasmin-sensitive influenza virus strains by amplification of the plasminogen/plasmin system.
Pt Hollow Nanospheres: Facile Synthesis and Enhanced Electrocatalysts (2004)

A facile large-scale preparation of Pt hollow nanospheres (see TEM image) makes use of Co nanoparticle as sacrificial templates. The nanospheres exhibit enhanced electrocatalytic activity. This method has been extended to the fabrication of industrially potentially useful Au, Pd, and other mono- and multimetallic hollow nanospheres. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z52956_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Assessing Methods for Blood Cell Cytotoxic Responses to Inorganic Nanoparticles and Nanoparticle Aggregates (2008)

Inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) show great potential for medicinal therapy. However, biocompatibility studies are essential to determine if they are safe. Here, five different NPs are compared for their cytotoxicity, internalization, aggregation in medium, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, using tumoral and normal human blood cells. Differences depending on the cell type are analyzed, and no direct correlation between ROS production and cell toxicity is found. Results are discussed with the aim of standardizing the procedures for the evaluation of the toxicity.
Gluconeogenesis continues in premature infants receiving total parenteral nutrition (2010)

Gluconeogenesis is sustained in preterm infants receiving routine TPN providing glucose at rates exceeding normal infant glucose turnover rates and accounts for the major part of residual glucose production. Gluconeogenesis is not affected by the glucose infusion rate or blood glucose concentration.
Complex synthetic chemical libraries indexed with molecular tags. (1993)

Combinatorial methods of chemical synthesis allow the creation of molecular libraries having immense diversity. The utility of such libraries is dependent upon identifying the structures of the molecules so prepared. We describe the construction of a peptide combinatorial library, having 117,649 different members, synthesized on beads and indexed with inert chemical tags. These tags are used as a binary code to record the reaction history of each bead. The code can be read directly from a single bead by electron capture capillary gas chromatography. We demonstrate the correct selection of members of the library on the basis of binding to a monoclonal antibody.
Small cell carcinoma of the prostate part I a clinicopathologic study of 20 cases (1987)

Clinical information and histological slides of 20 cases of small cell carcinoma of the prostate seen at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute at Houston over a 23-year period were reviewed. Patient's ages ranged from 30 to 89 years (median, 67 years). In nine cases, pure adenocarcinoma of the prostate preceded recognition of the small cell component by 7 months to 8 years (median, 18 months); five of these were initially at Stage A. There was a small cell component at presentation in 11 cases (10, Stage D). Small cell carcinoma was merging with the adenocarcinoma in 11 cases and represented 30% to 90% of total tumor volume. Eleven of 20 patients died of their disease. Those presenting initially with a pure adenocarcinoma survived between 7 months and 9 years (median, 24 months). After the recognition of the small cell carcinoma component, regardless of a prior history of adenocarcinoma, death followed within 1.5 years (median, 5 months). This study suggests a biologic difference in behavior in prostatic carcinoma containing a small cell carcinoma component. The small cell component may manifest early or late in the disease.
Coexistence of migraine and idiopathic intracranial hypertension without papilledema (1996)

Eighty-five patients with refractory transformed migraine type of chronic daily headache (CDH) had spinal tap as a part of diagnostic work-up. Twelve had increased intracranial pressure without papilledema, transient visual obscurations, or visual field defects. The headache profile of these 12 patients was not different from that of transformed migraine type of CDH. Acute headache exacerbations responded to specific antimigraine agents such as ergotamine, dihydroergotamine (DHE), and sumatriptan, whereas prophylactic antimigraine medications were only partially helpful. Addition of agents such as acetazolamide and furosemide, after the diagnosis of increased intracranial pressure, resulted in better control of symptoms. These observations suggest a link between migraine and idiopathic intracranial hypertension that needs further research. In refractory CDH with migrainous features, a spinal tap to exclude coexistent idiopathic intracranial hypertension without papilledema may be indicated.
Load‐Controlled Roll Transfer of Oxide Transistors for Stretchable Electronics (2012)

Abstract A stretchable and transparent In‐Ga‐Zn‐O (IGZO) thin film transistors with high electrical performance and scalability is demonstrated. A load‐controlled roll transfer method is realized for fully automated and scalable transfer of the IGZO TFTs from a rigid substrate to a nonconventional elastomeric substrate. The IGZO TFTs exhibit high electrical performance under stretching and cyclic tests, demonstrating the potentiality of the load‐controlled roll transfer in stretchable electronics. The mechanics of the load‐controlled roll transfer is investigated and simulated, and it is shown that the strain level experienced by the active layers of the device can be controlled to well below their maximum fracture level during transfer.
The AFT1 Transcriptional Factor is Differentially Required for Expression of High‐Affinity Iron Uptake Genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1997)

High-affinity iron uptake in Saccharomyces cerevisiae involves the extracytoplasmic reduction of ferric ions by FRE1 and FRE2 reductases. Ferrous ions are then transported across the plasma membrane through the FET3 oxidase-FTR1 permease complex. Expression of the high-affinity iron uptake genes is induced upon iron deprivation. We demonstrate that AFT1 is differentially involved in such regulation. Aft1 protein is required for maintaining detectable non-induced levels of FET3 expression and for induction of FRE2 in iron starvation conditions. On the contrary, FRE1 mRNA induction is normal in the absence of Aft1, although the existence of AFT1 point mutations causing constitutive expression of FRE1 (Yamaguchi-Iwai et al., EMBO J. 14: 1231–1239, 1995) indicates that Aft1 may also participate in FRE1 expression in a dispensable way. The alterations in the basal levels of expression of the high-affinity iron uptake genes may explain why the AFT1 mutant is unable to grow on respirable carbon sources. Overexpression of AFT1 leads to growth arrest at the G1 stage of the cell cycle. Aft1 is a transcriptional activator that would be part of the different transcriptional complexes interacting with the promoter of the high-affinity iron uptake genes. Aft1 displays phosphorylation modifications depending on the growth stage of the cells, and it might link induction of genes for iron uptake to other metabolically dominant requirements for cell growth. © John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Translational implications of nongenomic actions of thyroid hormone initiated at its integrin receptor (2009)

A thyroid hormone receptor on integrin alphavbeta3 that mediates cell surface-initiated nongenomic actions of thyroid hormone on tumor cell proliferation and on angiogenesis has been described. Transduction of the hormone signal into these recently recognized proliferative effects is by extracellular-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2). Other nongenomic actions of the hormone may be transduced by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and are initiated in cytoplasm or at the cell surface. PI3K-mediated effects are important to angiogenesis or other recently appreciated cell functions but apparently not to tumor cell division. For those actions of thyroid hormone [L-thyroxine (T(4)) and 3,3'-5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T(3))] that begin at the integrin receptor, tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) is an inhibitor of and probe for the participation of the receptor in downstream intracellular events. In addition, tetrac has actions initiated at the integrin receptor that are unrelated to inhibition of the effects of T(4) and T(3) but do involve gene transcription in tumor cells. Discussed here are the implications of translating these nongenomic mechanisms of thyroid hormone analogs into clinical cancer cell biology, tumor-related angiogenesis, and modulation of angiogenesis that is not related to cancer.
Purification of Native Survival of Motor Neurons Complexes and Identification of Gemin6 as a Novel Component (2002)

The survival of motor neurons (SMN) protein, the product of the gene responsible for the motor neuron degenerative disease spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), is part of a large macromolecular complex. The SMN complex is localized in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus and contains SMN, Gemin2, Gemin3, Gemin4, Gemin5, and a few not yet identified proteins. The SMN complex plays a key role in the biogenesis of spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) and other ribonucleoprotein particles. As a step toward the complete characterization of the components of the SMN complex, we generated stable cell lines that express FLAG-tagged SMN or Gemin2 under the control of a tetracycline-inducible promoter. Native SMN complexes of identical protein composition to those isolated by immunoprecipitation with anti-SMN antibodies were purified by affinity chromatography from extracts of both cell lines. Here we report the identification by mass spectrometry of a novel protein component of the SMN complex termed Gemin6. Co-immunoprecipitation, immunolocalization, and in vitro binding experiments demonstrate that Gemin6 is a component of the SMN complex that localizes to gems and interacts with several Sm proteins of the spliceosomal snRNPs.
Inhibition of DNA repair glycosylases by base analogs and tryptophan pyrolysate, Trp-P-1. (2005)

DNA base analogs, 2,4,5,6-substituted pyrimidines and 2,6-substituted purines were tested as potential inhibitors of E. coli Fpg protein (formamidopyrimidine -DNA glycosylase). Three of the seventeen compounds tested revealed inhibitory properties. 2-Thioxanthine was the most efficient, inhibiting 50% of 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5N-methyl-formamidopyrimidine (Fapy-7MeG) excision activity at 17.1 microM concentration. The measured K(i) was 4.44 +/- 0.15 microM. Inhibition was observed only when the Fpg protein was first challenged to its substrate followed by the addition of the base analog, suggesting uncompetitive (catalytic) inhibition. For two other compounds, 2-thio- or 2-oxo-4,5,6-substituted pyrimidines, IC(50) was only 343.3 +/- 58.6 and 350 +/- 24.4 microM, respectively. No change of the Fpg glycosylase activity was detected in the presence of Fapy-7MeG, up to 5 microM. We also investigated the effect of DNA structure modified by tryptophan pyrolysate (Trp-P-1) on the activity of base excision repair enzymes: Escherichia coli and human DNA glycosylases of oxidized (Fpg, Nth) and alkylated bases (TagA, AlkA, and ANPG), and for bacterial AP endonuclease (Xth protein). Trp-P-1, which changes the secondary DNA structure into non-B, non-Z most efficiently inhibited excision of alkylated bases by the AlkA glycosylase (IC(50) = 1 microM). The ANPG, TagA, and Fpg proteins were also inhibited although to a lesser extent (IC(50) = 76.5 microM, 96 microM, and 187.5 microM, respectively). Trp-P-1 also inhibited incision of DNA at abasic sites by the beta-lyase activity of the Fpg and Nth proteins, and to a lesser extent by the Xth AP endonuclease. Thus, DNA conformation is critical for excision of damaged bases and incision of abasic sites by DNA repair enzymes.
Searching for Alternative Sources of Postnatal Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Candidate MSC‐Like Cells from Umbilical Cord (2003)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capability for renewal and differentiation into various lineages of mesenchymal tissues. These features of MSCs attract a lot of attention from investigators in the context of cell-based therapies of several human diseases. Despite the fact that bone marrow represents the main available source of MSCs, the use of bone marrow-derived cells is not always acceptable due to the high degree of viral infection and the significant drop in cell number and proliferative/differentiation capacity with age. Thus, the search for possible alternative MSC sources remains to be validated. Umbilical cord blood is a rich source of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and does not contain mesenchymal progenitors. However, MSCs circulate in the blood of preterm fetuses and may be successfully isolated and expanded. Where these cells home at the end of gestation is not clear. In this investigation, we have made an attempt to isolate MSCs from the subendothelial layer of umbilical cord vein using two standard methodological approaches: the routine isolation of human umbilical vein endothelial cell protocol and culture of isolated cells under conditions appropriate for bone-marrow-derived MSCs. Our results suggest that cord vasculature contains a high number of MSC-like elements forming colonies of fibroblastoid cells that may be successfully expanded in culture. These MSC-like cells contain no endothelium- or leukocyte-specific antigens but express alpha-smooth muscle actin and several mesenchymal cell markers. Therefore, umbilical cord/placenta stroma could be regarded as an alternative source of MSCs for experimental and clinical needs.
Cardiac Myocyte-specific Ablation of Follistatin-like 3 Attenuates Stress-induced Myocardial Hypertrophy (2011)

Transforming growth factor-β family cytokines have diverse actions in the maintenance of cardiac homeostasis. Follistatin-like 3 (Fstl3) is an extracellular regulator of certain TGF-β family members, including activin A. The aim of this study was to examine the role of Fstl3 in cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiac myocyte-specific Fstl3 knock-out (KO) mice and control mice were subjected to pressure overload induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Cardiac hypertrophy was assessed by echocardiography and histological and biochemical methods. KO mice showed reduced cardiac hypertrophy, pulmonary congestion, concentric LV wall thickness, LV dilatation, and LV systolic dysfunction after TAC compared with control mice. KO mice displayed attenuated increases in cardiomyocyte cell surface area and interstitial fibrosis following pressure overload. Although activin A was similarly up-regulated in KO and control mice after TAC, a significant increase in Smad2 phosphorylation only occurred in KO mice. Knockdown of Fstl3 in cultured cardiomyocytes inhibited PE-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Conversely, adenovirus-mediated Fstl3 overexpression blocked the inhibitory action of activin A on hypertrophy and Smad2 activation. Transduction with Smad7, a negative regulator of Smad2 signaling, blocked the antihypertrophic actions of activin A stimulation or Fstl3 ablation. These findings identify Fstl3 as a stress-induced regulator of hypertrophy that controls myocyte size via regulation of Smad signaling.
Warfarin poisoning and vitamin K antagonism in rat and human liver. Design of a system in vitro that mimics the situation in vivo (1987)

The present paper describes a system in vitro that has been developed to mimic vitamin K metabolism and vitamin K function in liver. In this system the two pathways that are known to participate in vitamin K reduction are active and the vitamin K-dependent carboxylase accepts a synthetic pentapeptide as substrate. With this system in vitro the effect of warfarin on both pathways was examined under conditions which simulated a warfarin-poisoned liver. Identical experiments were completed with rat and human liver. All activities currently associated with vitamin K metabolism and vitamin K function were similar in the rat and human systems. Warfarin neutralized the ability of pathway I (the vitamin K epoxide reductase pathway) to produce reduced and active vitamin K cofactor for the carboxylase. In both the rat and the human system, however, when warfarin was present, reduced vitamin K cofactor was produced by pathway II (the dehydrogenase pathway). The data are consistent with observations in vivo on the effect of vitamin K1 when used as an antidote. This suggests that the system in vitro reflects the mechanism in vivo by which vitamin K1 overcomes warfarin poisoning.