gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Molecular Sensor Detects Signal Transduction from Caveolae in Living Cells (2002)

Biochemical and cell fractionation studies suggest caveolae contain functionally organized sets of signaling molecules that are capable of transmitting specific signals to the cell. It is not known, however, whether any signals actually originate from caveolae in living cells. To address this question, we have engineered the calcium sensor yellow cameleon so that it is targeted either to the plasma membrane, caveolae, or the cytoplasm of endothelial cells. Quantitative measurements of the three Ca2+ pools detected by these probes indicate that caveolae are preferred sites of Ca2+ entry when Ca2+ stores in the endoplasmic reticulum are depleted. These results suggest that the signaling machinery in control of Ca2+ entry is functionally organized in the caveolae of living cells.
Pleasantness Only? (2020)

<b></b> When gently stroked with velocities between 0.1 and 30 cm/s, participants typically rate velocities around 3 cm/s as most pleasant, and the ratings follow an inverted u-shape. This pleasantness curve correlates often, but not always, with the firing rate of unmyelinated C-tactile (CT) afferents, leading to the notion that CT afferents code for the hedonic or emotional aspect of gentle touch. However, there is also evidence that CT firing does not necessarily equal pleasantness, and the range of attributes that CT afferents code for is not known. Here, participants were stroked with different velocities assumed to activate CT afferents to a different extent while they rated the touch on several sensory and emotional attributes. We expected an inverted u-shaped rating curve for pleasantness and other emotional attributes, but not for sensory attributes. Inverted u-shaped rating patterns were found for the emotional attributes "pleasant" and "not burdensome," but also for the sensory attribute "rough." CT-directed stimulation is thus not only experienced as hedonic. The sensations arising from CTs together with all other types of mechanoreceptors might be centrally integrated into a percept that represents those aspects which are most salient for the stimulation at hand.
Detection of microorganisms and toxins with evanescent wave fiber-optic biosensors (2003)

Conventional procedures to detect microorganisms and toxins in food, water, and human specimens can take hours or days to perform and may provide inconclusive identification. The complex nature of many sample matrices as well as the presence of particulate matter in samples often severely reduces the sensitivity and specificity of conventional bacterial detection systems, especially those that rely on immunological reactions for capture or detection. Evanescent wave fiber-optic biosensors can identify such target analytes in minutes directly from complex matrix samples using robust antibody-based assays, significantly improving the detection sensitivity, selectivity, and speed. In addition, live microbial targets can be recovered from fiber-optic waveguides to determine microorganism viability, confirm identification, and preserve as evidence.
Evaluation of the SenseWear Pro Armband™ to Assess Energy Expenditure during Exercise (2004)

It appears that it is necessary to apply exercise-specific algorithms to the SenseWear Pro Armband to enhance the accuracy of estimating energy expenditure during periods of exercise. When exercise-specific algorithms are used, the SenseWear Pro Armband provides an accurate estimate of energy expenditure when compared to indirect calorimetry during exercise periods examined in this study.
The Effects of Electrode Position on the Detection of the Transvenous Cardiac Electrogram (1980)

Adequate sensing of the cardiac electrogram is a necessary requisite for all demand cardiac pacemakers. In order to define better the effects of position of the sensing electrode on the ability of the pacer to detect the electrogram, a specially designed lead system with a movable, large surface area (50 mm2) proximal ring electrode and a small surface area distal tip electrode was placed transvenously in 12 mongrel dogs. As the sensing electrode was moved away from the right ventricular apex, there were slight but insignificant decreases in R wave amplitude. When the electrode was moved retrograde through the tricuspid valve into the atria there was a marked decrease in R wave sensing; however, this was accompanied by a significant increase in P wave amplitude. Therefore, with a large surface area electrode, direct contact with the myocardium is not needed for the detection of adequate P and R waves. In addition, a pacer lead system utilizing this sliding sensing electrode design could be used to optimize sensing position, either for atrial or ventricular sensing pacemakers.
Don't kill my ads! (2012)

Application markets have revolutionized the software download model of mobile phones: third-party application developers offer software on the market that users can effortlessly install on their phones. This great step forward, however, also imposes some threats to user privacy: applications often ask for permissions that reveal private information such as the user's location, contacts and messages. While some mechanisms to prevent leaks of user privacy to applications have been proposed by the research community, these solutions fail to consider that application markets are primarily driven by advertisements that rely on accurately profiling the user. In this paper we take into account that there are two parties with conflicting interests: the user, interested in maintaining their privacy and the developer who would like to maximize their advertisement revenue through user profiling. We have conducted an extensive analysis of more than 250,000 applications in the Android market. Our results indicate that the current privacy protection mechanisms are not effective as developers and advert companies are not deterred. Therefore, we designed and implemented a market-aware privacy protection framework that aims to achieve an equilibrium between the developer's revenue and the user's privacy. The proposed framework is based on the establishment of a feedback control loop that adjusts the level of privacy protection on mobile phones, in response to advertisement generated revenue.
Cleavage of Scarecrow-like mRNA Targets Directed by a Class of Arabidopsis miRNA (2002)

Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are regulatory molecules that mediate effects by interacting with messenger RNA (mRNA) targets. Here we show that Arabidopsis thaliana miRNA 39 (also known as miR171), a 21-ribonucleotide species that accumulates predominantly in inflorescence tissues, is produced from an intergenic region in chromosome III and functionally interacts with mRNA targets encoding several members of the Scarecrow-like (SCL) family of putative transcription factors. miRNA 39 is complementary to an internal region of three SCL mRNAs. The interaction results in specific cleavage of target mRNA within the region of complementarity, indicating that this class of miRNA functions like small interfering RNA associated with RNA silencing to guide sequence-specific cleavage in a developmentally controlled manner.
Mutational replacements of the amino acid residues forming the hydrophobic S4 binding pocket of subtilisin 309 from Bacillus lentus (1993)

The amino acid side chains of Ile107, Leu126, and Leu135 participate in the formation of the important hydrophobic S4 binding pocket of the subtilisin Savinase. Ile107 and Leu126, located on each side of the pocket, point toward each other, and Leu135 is situated at the bottom of the pocket. These amino acid residues have been substituted for other hydrophobic amino acid residues by site-directed mutagenesis, and the resulting enzymes have been characterized with respect to their P4 substrate preferences. The Leu126-->Ala or Phe substitutions reduce kcat/KM for the hydrolysis of all substrates to around 5% without altering the substrate preference. It is concluded that Leu126 is an essential structural part of the pocket which cannot be replaced without seriously affecting catalysis, consistent with the fact that Leu126 is conserved among all subtilisins. In contrast, the Ile107-->Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, or Phe and Leu135-->Ala, Val, or Phe substitutions strongly influence the P4 substrate preference, and some of the mutants exhibit large specificity changes for particular substrates when compared to wild-type Savinase. The results can be rationalized on the basis of Ile107 and Leu135 being responsible for steric repulsion of branched aliphatic and aromatic P4 side chains, respectively. Leu135 exclusively interacts with aromatic P4 side chains, and its replacement with less bulky amino acid residues alleviates steric repulsion such that the activity toward this type of substrates is enhanced. Conversely, the introduction of a more bulky amino acid residue at position 135 produces more steric repulsion and reduces the activity toward substrates with aromatic P4 side chains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Transgenic mice express the human phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase gene in adrenal medulla and retina. (1988)

The human gene for phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (hPNMT), responsible for the conversion of norepinephrine to epinephrine, has been cloned and the complete nucleotide sequence has been determined. The structural gene consists of three exons and two introns spanning approximately equal to 2100 base pairs. Transgenic mice containing the hPNMT gene with either 2 or 8 kilobases of 5'-flanking sequence were produced and resulted in expression of hPNMT mRNA in the adrenal gland and eye. A chimeric gene consisting of 2 kilobases of the hPNMT 5'-flanking region fused to the simian virus 40 early region also resulted in tumor (T) antigen mRNA expression in adrenal glands and eyes; furthermore, immunocytochemistry showed that tumor antigen was localized in nuclei of adrenal medullary cells and cells of the inner nuclear cell layer of the retina, prominent sites of epinephrine synthesis. These results indicate that the enhancer(s) for appropriate expression of the hPNMT gene in these cell types is in the 2-kilobase 5'-flanking region of the human gene.
Glycerolpropylsilane Bonded Phases in the Steric Exclusion Chromatography of Biological Macromolecules (1976)

Glycerolpropylsilane bonded phases have been found to control the adsorption and/or denaturation of proteins and nucleic acids on controlled porosity glass supports. The bonded-phase thickness is 18-19A while the amount of glycerol moiety varies from 80 to 150 mumoles/g depending on support pore diameter. It has been demonstrated that carbohydrate bonded supports may be used in the chromatography of proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides.
Patterning Ligands on Reactive SAMs by Microcontact Printing (1999)

This report describes a method for patterning ligands onto mixed SAMs of alkanethiolates on gold by microcontact printing (μCP). The mixed SAMs were made from thiols presenting terminal tri(ethylene glycol) groups (HS(CH2)11(OCH2CH2)3OH, 1) and terminal hexa(ethylene glycol)−CH2CO2H groups (HS(CH2)11(OCH2CH2)6OCH2CO2H, 2). Ligands were printed using a two-step procedure. The carboxylic acid groups of 2 were first converted to reactive pentafluorophenyl esters. A freshly oxidized PDMS stamp, inked with a ligand derivatized with a primary amine, was then brought into contact with the activated SAM; in the areas of contact, the amine reacted with the activated ester and formed an amide. Two ligands, biotin and benzenesulfonamide, were printed onto these SAMs. The formation of patterned SAMs presenting biotin ligands was detected by fluorescence microscopy of substrates that were incubated with a solution of fluorescently labeled antibiotin antibody. The formation of patterned biotin was also detected using a sandwich experiment; in this experiment, the SAM was incubated sequentially in solutions of streptavidin, protein G-biotin conjugate, and fluorescently labeled goat antirabbit IgG. The smallest features resolved in images obtained by these methods were squares with a 5 μm side. Using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to detect binding of antibiotin antibody to SAMs presenting biotin groups, the yield of coupling by μCP was estimated to be ∼90% of that obtained by immersion. Printing of the benzenesulfonamide ligand was detected by binding of carbonic anhydrase (CA) to the sulfonamide-derivatized SAMs; the yield of coupling, as estimated by SPR, was ∼ 75% of that obtained by immersion. For both ligands, oxidation of the PDMS stamp before inking was found to be critical for good coupling yields.
Amorphous silicon solar cells with graded boron-doped active layers (1983)

The effect of graded boron doping in the actives (i layers) of hydrogenated amorphous silicon p-i-n solar cells was investigated. It was found that the cell characteristics strongly depend on the doping profile. A high conversion efficiency of 9.45% was obtained by gradually doping the i layer with boron in order to achieve a linear profile from the p/i to i/n interface. The best fill factor observed was 0.72.
Mobility support in unified communication networks (2001)

Rapid advances in communication networks and device technologies have enabled people with powerful means of communications. It is common for any individual to be associated with a number of heterogeneous communication devices (such as phones, pagers, PDAs) or a variety of applications (such as e-mail, instant messaging, or chat-rooms). This phenomenon has spurred a great demand for unifie dcommunication [20] services which integrate one's various communication mechanisms in a meaningful and seamless fashion. To meet this demand, the research community and communication industry are experimenting and building Internet-based, unified communication network systems (UCN) in which heterogeneous devices are unified for individuals and access networks are linked together through a core IP network. In this paper, we investigate the mobility issues in UCN systems. We discuss traditional mobility problems such as personal mobility and terminal mobility in the new UCN context, and present our design, analysis, and implementation of a new form of mobility in UCNs, service mobility [12] where active services can be retained across heterogeneous devices and networks.
Proteinase inhibitor II from potatoes: isolation and characterization of its protomer components (1976)

Proteinase inhibitor II, an inhibitor of chymotrypsin and trypsin, is a heat-stable protein with a dimeric molecular weight of 21 000 that is a component of Russet Burbank potato tubers. Four monomeric isoinhibitor species of molecular weight 10 500 comprise inhibitor II and were isolated by chromatography on phosphocellulose in 8 M urea. Upon removal of the urea, each monomeric species dimerized to yield homogeneous dimers. The three major protomer species, called B, C, and D, and their homogeneous dimers were further characterized. They have similar molecular weights and amino acid compositions, and each has an N-terminal alanine residue. Dimers of purified protomers B, C, and D exhibited full cross-reactivities with each other in immunological double-diffusion assays. Reconstituted dimers possess two binding sites for bovine alpha-chymotrypsin, indicating that each monomer possesses one binding site for this enzyme. Significant differences were noted among the reconstituted dimers in their isoelectric points, immunoelectrophoretic mobilities, ion-exchange properties, and their inhibitory reactivities against trypsin. The properties of the inhibitor II dimeric species are similar but not identical to inhibitors IIa and IIb reported from Japanese potatoes (variety "Danshaku-Imo"), indicating the existence of intervarietal, as well as intravarietal, differences among potato tuber inhibitor II isoinhibitors.
The Utility of Flow Cytometric Immunophenotypic Analysis in the Distinction of Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma/Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia From Mantle Cell Lymphoma (1996)

The clinical and morphologic distinction between small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL)/ chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is often challenging and has important prognostic and therapeutic implications. The authors investigated the usefulness of the marker CD23 in discriminating between these processes by flow cytometric immunophenotypic analysis. Consecutive samples of body fluids and hematopoietic tissue from patients with suspected B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders were studied using a panel of antibodies that included pan-B cell markers, CD5, FMC7, and CD23. Specimens from 38 patients with CD5-positive B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders consisting of a monomorphic population of small lymphoid cells were identified. Using standard flow cytometric and/or morphologic criteria, 28 patients were classified as having SLL/CLL and 10 were classified as having MCL. Neoplastic cells from all 28 patients (100%) with SLL/CLL demonstrated CD23 immunoreactivity, whereas neoplastic cells from none of the 10 patients (0%) with MCL demonstrated CD23 immunoreactivity (P < .0001). FMC7 immunoreactivity was observed in one of eight cases of SLL/CLL and in five of five cases of MCL (P = .0047). In conclusion, CD23 is a useful marker for the subclassification of CD5-positive B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders by flow cytometric analysis. FMC7 also may be a useful marker for subclassification.
Lipoprotein lipase: from gene to obesity (2009)

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a multifunctional enzyme produced by many tissues, including adipose tissue, cardiac and skeletal muscle, islets, and macrophages. LPL is the rate-limiting enzyme for the hydrolysis of the triglyceride (TG) core of circulating TG-rich lipoproteins, chylomicrons, and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). LPL-catalyzed reaction products, fatty acids, and monoacylglycerol are in part taken up by the tissues locally and processed differentially; e.g., they are stored as neutral lipids in adipose tissue, oxidized, or stored in skeletal and cardiac muscle or as cholesteryl ester and TG in macrophages. LPL is regulated at transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational levels in a tissue-specific manner. Nutrient states and hormonal levels all have divergent effects on the regulation of LPL, and a variety of proteins that interact with LPL to regulate its tissue-specific activity have also been identified. To examine this divergent regulation further, transgenic and knockout murine models of tissue-specific LPL expression have been developed. Mice with overexpression of LPL in skeletal muscle accumulate TG in muscle, develop insulin resistance, are protected from excessive weight gain, and increase their metabolic rate in the cold. Mice with LPL deletion in skeletal muscle have reduced TG accumulation and increased insulin action on glucose transport in muscle. Ultimately, this leads to increased lipid partitioning to other tissues, insulin resistance, and obesity. Mice with LPL deletion in the heart develop hypertriglyceridemia and cardiac dysfunction. The fact that the heart depends increasingly on glucose implies that free fatty acids are not a sufficient fuel for optimal cardiac function. Overall, LPL is a fascinating enzyme that contributes in a pronounced way to normal lipoprotein metabolism, tissue-specific substrate delivery and utilization, and the many aspects of obesity and other metabolic disorders that relate to energy balance, insulin action, and body weight regulation.
A Qualified ITU-T G.729EV Codec Candidate for Hierarchical Speech and Audio Coding (2006)

We present an embedded and hierarchical 8-32 kbit/s speech and audio coding algorithm that has been successfully submitted to the ITU-T as a candidate for ITU-T Rec. G.729.1 (ex G.729EV). The submitting consortium consisted of Siemens AG, Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. Ltd., and Mindspeed Technologies Inc. This contribution gives a comprehensive overview of the proposed codec, describes the implemented algorithms, and states a detailed characterization as well as results of the official G.729EV qualification tests
Antiteratogenic and Anticarcinogenic Effects of X-rays in Urethane-treated NMRI Mice (1987)

A single intraperitoneal injection of urethane (ethyl carbamate) induces lung tumours in 80 per cent of male and 100 per cent of female NMRI mice, respectively. In the course of time the initially benign adenomatous tumours can develop into malignant adenomatosis of the lung (alveolar cell carcinoma). For an analysis of the mechanisms of tumour development and the possible interactions involved, low doses of X-rays (5-100 cGy) were administered 6 hours after urethane treatment. A significant anticarcinogenic and, also, anti-teratogenic action was observed. This implies that in both cases similar mechanisms are involved. Single injections of vitamin C or chloroquine counteract the urethane effects in the same manner as do the low doses of X-rays, but probably by different mechanisms.
Comparison of potential- and activation-based formulations for the inverse problem of electrocardiology (2003)

Two predominant source formulations for the inverse problem of electrocardiology currently exist. They involve the reconstruction of epicardial potentials or myocardial activation times from noninvasively recorded torso surface potentials. Each of these formulations have their advantages, however, they have not been systematically compared against each other. We present results from a simulation study which compared a number of epicardial potential (Tikhonov, Truncated singular value decomposition (TSVD), Greensite-Tikhonov and Greensite-TSVD), and a myocardial activation time formulation for the inverse problem of electrocardiology. A number of different methods were also used to determine the appropriate level of regularization (optimal, L-curve, zero-crossing, and composite residual and smoothing operator) to apply to each formulation. The simulation study was conducted using an anatomically based boundary element porcine model with a variety of cardiac sources. Varying levels of geometric error were introduced to the system and solutions were computed using each of the inverse algorithms. Results show that under pure Gaussian noise potential-based methods performed best at low noise levels while the activation-based method was less effected by higher noise levels. In the presence of correlated geometric error, the activation-based method out performed the potential methods, with the Greensite-Tikhonov method being the most favored potential-based method when using the L-curve or zero-crossing method to determine the regularization parameter.
Recombinant Human Platelet-derived Growth Factor-BB for the Treatment of Chronic Pressure Ulcers (1992)

A randomized phase I/II double-blind, placebo-controlled study was designed to evaluate 1, 10, and 100 micrograms/ml (0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 micrograms/cm2) recombinant human BB homodimeric platelet-derived growth factor (rPDGF-BB) applied topically to chronic pressure ulcers for 28 days. Twenty patients were enrolled and completed the trial. No toxicities were associated with rPDGF-BB treatment. Patients treated with 100 micrograms/ml of rPDGF-BB had a pronounced healing response compared with placebo-treated patients. By day 29, ulcers treated with 100 micrograms/ml of rPDGF-BB were smaller in remaining size compared with those of placebo-treated patients when the following specific parameters were measured: percentage of initial depth (14.1 +/- 7.4 vs. 34.9 +/- 6.7) and percentage of initial volume (6.4 +/- 4.0 vs. 21.8 +/- 5.6). Histological analyses of biopsies revealed active wound healing processes in all groups with no disruption in the normal healing sequence in rPDGF-BB-treated wounds. The results of this small, descriptive study suggest rPDGF-BB is a potent vulnerary agent for accelerating soft-tissue repair, warranting further study.