gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synchronous Activation of ERK and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Pathways Is Required for Collagen and Extracellular Matrix Production in Keloids (2003)

Keloid fibroproliferation appears to be influenced by epithelial-mesenchymal interactions between keloid keratinocytes (KKs) and keloid fibroblasts (KFs). Keloid and normal fibroblasts exhibit accelerated proliferation and collagen I and III production in co-culture with KKs compared with single cell culture or co-culture with normal keratinocytes. ERK and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway activation has been observed in excessively proliferating KFs in co-culture with KKs. We hypothesized that ERK and PI3K pathways might be involved in collagen and extracellular matrix production in KFs. To test our hypothesis, four samples of KFs were co-cultured in defined serum-free medium with KKs for 2-5 days. KF cell lysate was subjected to Western blot analysis. Compared with KF single cell culture, phospho-ERK1/2 and downstream phospho-Elk-1 showed up-regulation in the co-culture groups, as did phospho-PI3K and phospho-Akt-1, indicating ERK and PI3K pathway activation. Western blotting of the conditioned medium demonstrated increased collagen I-III, laminin beta2, and fibronectin levels. Addition of the MEK1/2-specific inhibitor U0126 or the PI3K-specific inhibitor LY294002 (but not p38 kinase and JNK inhibitors) completely nullified collagen I-III production and significantly decreased laminin beta2 and fibronectin secretion. In the presence of the MEK1/2 or PI3K inhibitor, fibronectin demonstrated changes in molecular mass reflected by faster in-gel migration. These data strongly suggest that synchronous activation of both the ERK and PI3K pathways is essential for collagen I-III and laminin beta2 production. These pathways additionally appear to affect the side chain attachments of fibronectin. Modulation of these pathways may suggest a direction for keloid therapy.
Prevalence and Clinical Outcome of Hyperglycemia in the Perioperative Period in Noncardiac Surgery (2010)

Perioperative hyperglycemia is associated with increased LOS, hospital complications, and mortality after noncardiac general surgery. Randomized controlled trials are needed to determine whether perioperative diabetes management improves clinical outcome in noncardiac surgery patients.
Synthesis and Application of Negatively Charged PNA Analogues (2005)

Negatively charged DNA mimics containing phosphonate analogoues of peptide nucleic acids were designed, and their physicochemical and biological properties were evaluated in the comparison with natural oligonucleotides, classical peptide nucleic acids, and morpholino phosphorodiamidate oligonucleotide analogues. The results obtained revealed a high potential of phosphonate-containing PNA derivatives for a number of biological applications, such as diagnostic, nucleic acids analysis, and inhibition of gene expression.
Elevated expression of phosphatidylserine in the outer membrane leaflet of human tumor cells and recognition by activated human blood monocytes. (1991)

We determined whether the presence of phosphatidylserine (PS) in the outer membrane leaflet of human tumor cells correlated with their recognition by activated human monocytes. Three tumorigenic cell lines, A375 melanoma and A431 and Colo-16 carcinomas, and a normal human epidermal keratinocyte line (NHEK) were incubated with monocytes activated to the tumoricidal state by gamma-interferon and lipopolysaccharide. Activated human monocytes bound to and lysed all tumorigenic targets, while the nontumorigenic NHEK were neither bound nor killed. Semiquantitative analysis of PS in the outer leaflet of the cells revealed that the tumorigenic cells expressed 3-7-fold more PS than did the nontumorigenic NHEK. To determine whether enhanced PS expression on the tumor cells was responsible for their recognition by activated monocytes, NHEK were supplemented with exogenously supplied analogues of PS and phosphatidylcholine. PS-labeled NHEK but not phosphatidylcholine-labeled nor control NHEK bound to activated human monocytes. These results suggest a role for PS in monocyte recognition of tumor cells.
Co-expression of several human syntaxin genes in neutrophils and differentiating HL-60 cells: variant isoforms and detection of syntaxin 1 (1999)

Syntaxins are major components of vesicle trafficking and their pattern of expression depends on the cell type. Using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), cloning, and sequencing techniques, we have found that human neutrophils and neutrophil-differentiated HL-60 cells co-express syntaxins 1A, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, and 16. These genes are also expressed in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, which, unlike neutrophils, also expressed syntaxin 10. We have identified two isoforms of syntaxin 3. Syntaxin 3A, similar to the previously reported syntaxin 3, and the novel isoform syntaxin 3B, which is identical to syntaxin 3A but lacks 37 amino acid residues at the carboxy-terminal region. Syntaxin 1 was mainly located to neutrophil granule membranes by confocal microscopy and by immunoblotting of subcellular fractions. These data indicate that syntaxin 1 cannot be considered specific to neural tissues. The level of expression of syntaxins 3, 4, 6, and 11 was increased during neutrophil differentiation of HL-60 cells, whereas that of syntaxins 1A, 5, 9, and 16 was unchanged. Syntaxin 7 was not expressed in undifferentiated HL-60 cells, but its expression was induced on neutrophil differentiation. The expression of several syntaxin genes in human neutrophils could be related to the high secretory capacity of these cells as well as to the presence of different cytoplasmic granules with distinct exocytic capabilities.
A server host system on the ARPANET (1977)

Computer networking is now an established technology, and its applications amy be expected to proliferate rapidly. As a result, the design of future operating systems should be influenced by the requirements of networking.
Diffusion-controlled cluster formation in 2—6-dimensional space (1983)

Diffusion-controlled cluster formation has been simulated on lattices of dimensionality 2-6. For the case of a sticking probability of 1.0 at nearest-neighbor sites, we find that the radius of gyration (${R}_{g}$) of the cluster is related to the number of particles ($N$) by ${R}_{g}\ensuremath{\sim}{N}^{\ensuremath{\beta}}$ (for large $N$). The exponent $\ensuremath{\beta}$ is given by $\frac{\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\sim}6}{5d}$, where $d$ is the classical (Euclidean) dimensionality of the lattice. These results indicate that the Hausdorff (fractal) dimensionality ($D$) is related to the Euclidean dimensionality ($d$) by $D\ensuremath{\approx}\frac{5d}{6}$ ($d=2\ensuremath{-}6$). Similar results can be obtained from the density-density correlation function in two-dimensional simulations. Nonlattice simulations have also been carried out in two- and three-dimensional space. The radius-of-gyration exponents ($\ensuremath{\beta}$) obtained from these simulations are essentially equal to those obtained in the lattice model simulations. We have also investigated the effects of sticking probabilities ($S$) less than 1.0 on diffusion-limited cluster formation on two- and three-dimensional lattices. While smaller sticking probabilities do lead to the formation of denser clusters, the radius-of-gyration exponents are insensitive to sticking coefficients over the range $0.1\ensuremath{\le}S\ensuremath{\le}1.0$.
Prognostic Value of EGFR and TGF‐α in Early Laryngeal Cancer Treated With Radiotherapy (1996)

The purpose of this study was to determine the overexpression of both epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) (a ligand of EGFR) in early laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. In addition, we attempted to evaluate the prognostic values of our findings. Expression of EGFR and TGF-alpha in tumor tissue was examined immunohistochemically in 68 patients who had been treated with radiotherapy for early laryngeal cancer. Overexpression of the two factors was noted in 42.6% and 55.9%, respectively. No significant differences due to age, tumor size, and location or grade of cancer tissues were seen. Higher survival rates, found in patients with EGFR (-) and TGF-alpha (-) tumors as compared with those with EGFR (+) and TGF-alpha (+) (97.4%, 100% and 86.2%, 86.8%, respectively), were not statistically significant. The recurrence rates were similar between EGFR (+) and EGFR (-) (37.9% and 35.9%, respectively). However, the recurrence rate in patients with TGF-alpha (+) was significantly higher (57.9%) than in those with TGF-alpha (-) (10%; P<.01). Therefore overexpression of TGF-alpha may be an important indicator for recurrence in patients with early laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated by irradiation.
Spectrally resolved white-light interferometry for measurement of ocular dispersion (1999)

Spectrally resolved white-light interferometry was used to measure the wavelength dependence of refractive index (i.e., dispersion) for various ocular components. Verification of the technique's efficacy was substantiated by accurate measurement of the dispersive properties of water and fused silica, which have both been well-characterized in the past by single-wavelength measurement of the refractive index. The dispersion of bovine and rabbit aqueous and vitreous humors was measured from 400 to 1100 nm. In addition, the dispersion was measured from 400 to 700 nm for aqueous and vitreous humors extracted from goat and rhesus monkey eyes. An unsuccessful attempt was also made to use the technique for dispersion measurement of bovine cornea and lens. The principles of white-light interferometry, including image analysis, measurement accuracy, and limitations of the technique, are discussed. In addition, alternate techniques and previous measurements of ocular dispersion are reviewed.
THE RELATION BETWEEN THE HYDROLYSIS EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT OF ESTERS AND THE STRENGTHS OF THE CORRESPONDING ACIDS (1928)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE RELATION BETWEEN THE HYDROLYSIS EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT OF ESTERS AND THE STRENGTHS OF THE CORRESPONDING ACIDSRoger J. Williams, Alton Gabriel, and Roy C. AndrewsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1928, 50, 5, 1267–1271Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1928Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1928https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01392a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01392a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views604Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structure-Based Design of a General Class of Mechanism-Based Inhibitors of the Serine Proteinases Employing a Novel Amino Acid-Derived Heterocyclic Scaffold (1997)

We describe in this paper the structure-based design of a general class of heterocyclic mechanism-based inhibitors of the serine proteinases that embody in their structure a novel peptidomimetic scaffold (1,2,5-thiadiazolidin-3-one 1,1-dioxide). Sulfone derivatives of this class (I) were found to be time-dependent, potent, and highly efficient irreversible inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3. The partition ratios for a select number of inhibitors were found to range between 0 and 1. We furthermore demonstrate that these inhibitors exhibit remarkable enzyme selectivity that is dictated by the nature of the P1 residue and is consistent with the known substrate specificity reported for these enzymes. Thus, inhibitors with small hydrophobic side chains were found to be effective inhibitors of elastase, those with aromatic side chains of cathepsin G, and those with a basic side chain of bovine trypsin. Taken together, the findings cited herein reveal the emergence of a general class of stable mechanism-based inhibitors of the serine proteinases which can be readily synthesized using amino acid precursors. Biochemical and high-field NMR studies show that the interaction of this class of inhibitors with a serine proteinase results in the formation of a stable acyl complex(es) and the release of benzenesulfinate, formaldehyde, and a low molecular weight heterocycle. The data are consistent with initial formation of a Michaelis-Menten complex, acylation of Ser195, and tandem loss of the leaving group. The initial HLE-inhibitor complex reacts with water generating formaldehyde and a stable HLE-inhibitor complex. Whether the initial HLE-inhibitor complex also reacts with His57 to form a third complex is not known at this point. The desirable salient parameters associated with this class of inhibitors, including the expeditious generation of structurally diverse libraries of inhibitors based on I, suggest that this class of mechanism-based inhibitors is of general applicability and can be used in the development of inhibitors of human and viral serine proteinases of clinical relevance.
CP248, a derivative of exisulind, causes growth inhibition, mitotic arrest, and abnormalities in microtubule polymerization in glioma cells. (2002)

Exisulind (sulindac sulfone) and two potent derivatives, CP248 and CP461, have been shown previously to cause growth inhibition and apoptosis in several types of human carcinoma cell lines. These and related compounds have not been previously studied with respect to glioma cell lines. In the present study, we found that these three compounds caused marked growth inhibition in four rat glioma and eight human glioma cell lines, with IC50 values of 150, 1, and 0.075 microm, respectively. When studied at these concentrations exisulind and CP461 had no significant effect on the cell cycle profile of glioma cells, but CP248 caused marked arrest in mitosis. Detailed studies of CP248 in the 9L rat gliosarcoma cell line indicated that treatment with 0.075 microM CP248 caused abnormalities in the spindle apparatus and activation of the spindle assembly check point. In interphase glioma cells, CP248 stabilized microtubules (MTs) at low concentrations (0.075 microM) and depolymerized MTs at higher concentrations (0.2-0.4 microM). In NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, 0.1 microM CP248 caused extensive MT depolymerization. CP248 also caused MT depolymerization when added to assembled MTs in vitro, which indicated that it can directly affect MTs, perhaps because it shares certain structural similarities with Colcemid. In glioma cells, the effects of CP248 on MTs were independent of the previously reported effects of this compound on activation of protein kinase G. Therefore, CP248 is a novel MT-active agent that may be useful in the treatment of glioblastoma, and possibly other types of cancer, because of its dual effects on protein kinase G and MTs.
Effect of carbetocin, a long-acting oxytocin analog on the postpartum uterus (1992)

Carbetocin, a long-acting oxytocin analog, was administered by intravenous and intramuscular injection to 40 women 24 to 48 hours postpartum. Intravenous injection of 8 to 30 micrograms produced a tetanic uterine contraction within 2 minutes, lasting about 6 minutes, followed by rhythmic contractions for a further 60 +/- 18 minutes. Intramuscular injection of 10 to 70 micrograms also produced tetanic contraction in less than 2 minutes, lasting about 11 minutes, and followed by rhythmic contractions for an additional 119 +/- 69 minutes. The prolonged duration of activity after intramuscular compared with the intravenous carbetocin was significant (p = 0.020). Carbetocin produced mild lower abdominal cramping in most patients and severe pain in three patients who received 50 or 100 micrograms intravenously or 70 micrograms intramuscularly. Approximately half of the patients also experienced flushing and warmth. Although carbetocin has not yet been studied immediately postpartum, its prolonged uterine activity suggests that carbetocin may offer advantages over oxytocin in management of the third stage of labor.
Essential Role of the p110β Subunit of Phosphoinositide 3-OH Kinase in Male Fertility (2010)

Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) are key molecular players in male fertility. However, the specific roles of different p110 PI3K catalytic subunits within the spermatogenic lineage have not been characterized so far. Herein, we report that male mice expressing a catalytically inactive p110beta develop testicular hypotrophy and impaired spermatogenesis, leading to a phenotype of oligo-azoospermia and defective fertility. The examination of testes from p110beta-defective tubules demonstrates a widespread loss in spermatogenic cells, due to defective proliferation and survival of pre- and postmeiotic cells. In particular, p110beta is crucially needed in c-Kit-mediated spermatogonial expansion, as c-Kit-positive cells are lost in the adult testis and activation of Akt by SCF is blocked by a p110beta inhibitor. These data establish that activation of the p110beta PI3K isoform by c-Kit is required during spermatogenesis, thus opening the way to new treatments for c-Kit positive testicular cancers.
Biodegradable Thermoplastic Polyurethanes Incorporating Polyhedral Oligosilsesquioxane (2008)

A new hybrid thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) system that incorporates an organic, biodegradable poly(D, L-lactide) soft block with a hard block bearing the inorganic polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane (POSS) moiety is introduced and studied. Changes in the polyol composition made through variation of the hydrophilic initiator molecular weight show direct control of the final transition temperatures. Incorporating POSS into the hard segments allows for excellent elasticity above T(g), as evidenced with dynamic mechanical analysis, not seen in most other biodegradable materials. This elasticity is attributed to physical cross-links formed in the hard block through POSS crystallization, as revealed with wide-angle X-ray diffraction. Increasing the POSS incorporation level in the TPU hard block was observed to increase crystallinity and also the rigidity of the material. The highest incorporation, using a statistical average of three POSS units per hard block, demonstrated one-way shape memory with excellent shape fixing capabilities. In vitro degradation of this sample was also investigated during a two month period. Moderate water uptake and dramatic molecular weight decrease were immediately observed although large mass loss (approximately 20 wt %) was not observed until the two month time point.
Facial expression recognition for neonatal pain assessment (2008)

Facial expressions are considered a critical factor in neonatal pain assessment. This paper attempts to apply modern facial expression recognition techniques to the task of distinguishing pain expression from non-pain expression. Firstly, 2D Gabor filter is applied to extract the expression features from facial images. Then we apply Adaboost as a feature selection tool to remove the redundant Gabor features. Finally, the Gabor features selected by Adaboost are fed into the support vector machines (SVMs) for final classification. 510 facial images are investigated by using SVMs. The best recognition rates of pain versus non-pain (85.29%), pain versus calm (94.24%), pain versus cry (78.24%) were obtained from an SVM with a polynomial kernel of degree 3. The results of this study indicate that the application of SVM technique in pain assessment is a promising area of investigation.
Total Syntheses of Two bis‐Allylic‐Deuterated DHA Analogues (2017)

Abstract The deuteration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) at their bis‐allylic positions is known to limit harmful lipid peroxidation, which leads to the damage of cell membranes. Therefore, to impede toxic lipid peroxidation in retina tissue, we have designed and synthesized two deuterated analogues of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6, n ‐3), which is the main lipid constituent of retina membranes. To avoid its oxidative degradation into toxic carboxyethylpyrrole (CEP) adducts, whilst preserving enzymatic metabolization into a healthy neuroprotectine derivative (NPD1), deuterium was incorporated at specific 6‐ and 6,9‐bis‐allylic positions. A convergent synthetic strategy, based on a Wittig olefination, was developed to obtain both deuterated DHA species. Common aldehyde intermediates were synthesized from another PUFA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5, n ‐3). Deuterium atoms were introduced through either the reduction of an ester with a deuterated reagent or a nucleophilic reaction with deuterated paraformaldehyde.
Optimum Frame Synchronization (1972)

This paper considers the optimum method for locating a sync word periodically imbedded in binary data and received over the additive white Gaussian noise channel. It is shown that the optimum rule is to select the location that maximizes the sum of the correlation and a correction term. Simulations are reported that show approximately a 3-dB improvement at interesting signal-to-noise ratios compared to a pure correlation rule. Extensions are given to the "phase-shift keyed (PSK) sync" case where the detector output has a binary ambiguity and to the case of Gaussian data.
Static Characterization of Curvature Sensors Based on Plastic Optical Fibers (2014)

Sensors able to measure curvature changes are emerging as an effective alternative to the more common strain gauges for structural health monitoring applications. Particularly interesting is the all-optical fiber implementation for its unique properties and the possibility of being embedded. This paper, after a brief description of curvature sensors using plastic optical fibers, focuses on their characterization in applications where high sensitivity is required, and compares their performance with commercial strain sensors based on fiber Bragg gratings. The choice of plastic optical fibers allows the realization of simple, compact and cheap sensors. A characterization setup to test different sensor typologies is proposed and the main uncertainty contributions are investigated.