gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FDDB: A benchmark for face detection in unconstrained settings (2010)

Despite the maturity of face detection research, it remains difficult to compare different algorithms for face detection. This is partly due to the lack of common evaluation schemes. Also, existing data sets for evaluating face detection algorithms do not capture some aspects of face appearances that are manifested in real-world scenarios. In this work, we address both of these issues. We present a new data set of face images with more faces and more accurate annotations for face regions than in previous data sets. We also propose two rigorous and precise methods for evaluating the performance of face detection algorithms. We report results of several standard algorithms on the new benchmark. 1.
Absorption Spectra of Cr3+ in Al2O3 Part A. Theoretical Studies of the Absorption Bands and Lines (1958)

In the frame-work of the crystalline field theory, the excited states of Cr 3+ in Al 2 O 3 and the optical transitions to these states are studied taking into account the effect of trigonal field and spin-orbit interaction. Initial splittings and optical anisotropies of the broad band (transitions to quartet states) and the sharp lines (transitions to doublet states) are examined. For the sharp lines, the Zeeman effect is also examined and the Zeeman patterns are predicted. Comparing these theoretical results with those of the experimental ones given in Part B, the assignments of U , Y bands and R 1 , R 2 , B 1 , B 2 lines have been established. It is shown that the g -shifts of the excited doublets observed in the Zeeman patterns can also be explained under such assignments. It is also shown that the experimental data of the optical absorption can be reasonably connected to those of the paramagnetic resonance absorption.
Slow Food Revisited (2012)

Food and diet trends come and go, but the Slow Food movement (http://slowfood.com) endures, gaining even greater traction throughout the world in the past decade. Slow Food's staying power may be a...
miRBase Tracker: keeping track of microRNA annotation changes (2014)

www.mirbasetracker.org.
A fast quantum mechanical algorithm for database search (1996)

An unsorted database contains N records, of which just one satisfies a particular property. The problem is to identify that one record. Any classical algorithm, deterministic or probabilistic, will clearly take O (N) steps since on the average it will have to examine a large fraction of the N records. Quantum mechanical systems can do several operations simultaneously due to their wave like properties. This paper gives an O ( JN) step quantum mechanical algorithm for identifying that record. It is within a constant factor of the fastest possible quantum mechanical algorithm.
Diagnosing rupture of membranes using combination monoclonal/polyclonal immunologic protein detection. (2013)

This combination monoclonal and polyclonal immunoassay test that detects PP12 and AFP has an efficacy comparable to conventional testing and better than the individual components of conventional testing (ferning, nitrazine), is a quick and easy-to-use test that can be performed by a wider variety of care providers, and can improve triage and management of patients suspected of ROM.
Influence of Field Size on the Spectral Sensitivity of the Eye in the Photopic and Mesopic Range (1985)

The relative spectral sensitivity was measured at luminance levels ranging from scotopic to near photopic vision. This was done for various photometric field sizes of 3 to 64 degrees in diameter. The spectral absorption of the macular pigment seems to account for the difference in the blue part of the spectrum occurring between small and larger fields. The influence of the field size in mesopic levels depends on the spectral region. In order to define the mesopic standard observer, the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) has suggested a set of curves which were partly based on experiments obtained under different conditions. It could be shown that these curves nearly coincide with those obtained with the 64 degrees field. The V10 degrees(lambda) curve derived from color equation measurements could be confirmed as a luminance efficiency curve obtained by direct brightness match measurements.
EINet: a secure, open network for electronic commerce (2002)

Corporate users are by far the most rapidly growing segment of the Internet community, supplementing the existing base of government and academic users. Both corporate and government organizations want to use the Internet to "integrate" their enterprises, and foresee using the Internet to conduct electronic commerce as well. However, the lack of security services on the Internet deters its use for many such applications. The Enterprise Integration Network (EINet) provides security services to support enterprise integration and electronic commerce activities on the Internet. EINet incorporates an application based security system with the security management and operations necessary to protect these activities in an open network environment. The paper discusses the need for security on the Internet, describes the EINet Security System, then summarizes operational experiences and future work.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Proteomic analysis of the EhV-86 virion (2008)

This study represents the first steps toward the identification of the protein components that make up the EhV-86 virion. Aside from the major capsid protein, whose function in the virion is well known and defined, the nature of the other proteins suggest roles involved with viral budding, caspase activation, signalling, anti-oxidation, virus adsorption and host range determination.
Therapeutic Balloon Occlusion Of the Inferior Vena Cava (1975)

Thirty-five patients with venous thromboembolism and indication for inferior vena cava (IVC) interruption were treated by experimental balloon occlusion. Experience with this group resulted in the development of a method and equipment to allow transjugular obstruction of the IVC in the awake patient receiving anticoagulants. The study showed that the new method is atraumatic even when applied to sick patients, that it permits simultaneous treatment with anticoagulants and venous occlusion, and that long-term results (to more than four years) are excellent.
Lossy compression of high dynamic range images and video (2006)

Most common image and video formats have been designed to work with\n existing output devices, like LCD or CRT monitors. As display\n technology makes progress, these formats no longer represent the\n data that new devices can display. Therefore a shift towards higher\n precision image and video formats is imminent.\n\n To overcome limitations of common image and video formats, such as\n JPEG, PNG or MPEG, we propose a novel color space, which can\n accommodate an extended dynamic range and guarantees the precision\n that is below the visibility threshold. The proposed color space,\n which is derived from contrast detection data, can represent the\n full range of luminance values and the complete color gamut that is\n visible to the human eye. We show that only minor changes are\n required to the existing encoding algorithms to accommodate the new\n color space and therefore greatly enhance information content of the\n visual data. We demonstrate this with two compression algorithms for\n High Dynamic Range (HDR) visual data: for static images and for\n video. We argue that the proposed HDR representation is a simple and\n universal way to encode visual data independent of the display or\n capture technology.
Deep Learning Face Attributes in the Wild (2015)

Predicting face attributes in the wild is challenging due to complex face variations. We propose a novel deep learning framework for attribute prediction in the wild. It cascades two CNNs, LNet and ANet, which are fine-tuned jointly with attribute tags, but pre-trained differently. LNet is pre-trained by massive general object categories for face localization, while ANet is pre-trained by massive face identities for attribute prediction. This framework not only outperforms the state-of-the-art with a large margin, but also reveals valuable facts on learning face representation. (1) It shows how the performances of face localization (LNet) and attribute prediction (ANet) can be improved by different pre-training strategies. (2) It reveals that although the filters of LNet are fine-tuned only with image-level attribute tags, their response maps over entire images have strong indication of face locations. This fact enables training LNet for face localization with only image-level annotations, but without face bounding boxes or landmarks, which are required by all attribute recognition works. (3) It also demonstrates that the high-level hidden neurons of ANet automatically discover semantic concepts after pre-training with massive face identities, and such concepts are significantly enriched after fine-tuning with attribute tags. Each attribute can be well explained with a sparse linear combination of these concepts.
Muscles of mice deficient in α-sarcoglycan maintain large masses and near control force values throughout the life span (2005)

α-Sarcoglycan-deficient ( Sgca-null) mice provide potential for elucidating the pathogenesis of limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2D (LGMD 2D) as well as for studying the effectiveness of therapeutic strategies. Skeletal muscles of Sgca-null mice demonstrate an early onset of extensive fiber necrosis, degeneration, and regeneration, but the progression of the pathology and the effects on muscle structure and function throughout the life span are not known. Thus the phenotypic accuracy of the Sgca-null mouse as a model of LGMD 2D has not been fully established. To investigate skeletal muscle structure and function in the absence of α-sarcoglycan throughout the life span, we analyzed extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles of male and female Sgca-null and wild-type mice at 3, 6, 12, and 18 mo of age. Maximum isometric forces and powers were measured in vitro at 25°C. Also determined were individual myofiber cross-sectional areas and numbers, water content, and the proportion of the cross section occupied by connective tissue. Muscle masses were 40–100% larger for Sgca-null compared with age- and gender-matched wild-type mice, with the majority of the increased muscle mass for Sgca-null mice attributable to greater connective tissue and water contents. Although the greater mass of muscles in Sgca-null mice was primarily noncontractile material, absolute forces and powers were maintained near control levels at all ages, indicating a successful adaptation to the deficiency in α-sarcoglycan not observed at any age in LGMD 2D patients.
Structural Requirements of the RNA Precursor for the Biosynthesis of the Branched RNA-linked Multicopy Single-stranded DNA of Myxococcus xanthus (1989)

A precursor RNA molecule (pre-msdRNA) of approximately 375 bases is considered to form a stable secondary structure which serves as a primer as well as a template to synthesize the branched RNA-linked multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA) of Myxococcus xanthus. When 3-base mismatches were introduced into the stem structure immediately upstream of the branched rG residue to which msDNA is linked by a 2',5'-phosphodiester linkage, the production of msDNA was almost completely blocked. However, if additional 3-base substitutions were made on the other strand to resume the complementary base pairing, msDNA production was restored, being consistent with the proposed model of msDNA synthesis. We also found that the branched rG residue of pre-msdRNA could not be replaced with either rC or rA, while the 5' end (dC) of msDNA which is linked to the branched rG could be substituted with a dG residue. Together with several other mutations, the structural requirements of pre-msdRNA are discussed with respect to the mechanism of msDNA biosynthesis.
Increased Pancreatic β-Cell Proliferation Mediated by CREB Binding Protein Gene Activation (2006)

The cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling pathway is central in beta-cell gene expression and function. In the nucleus, protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylates CREB, resulting in recruitment of the transcriptional coactivators p300 and CREB binding protein (CBP). CBP, but not p300, is phosphorylated at serine 436 in response to insulin action. CBP phosphorylation disrupts CREB-CBP interaction and thus reduces nuclear cAMP action. To elucidate the importance of the cAMP-PKA-CREB-CBP pathway in pancreatic beta cells specifically at the nuclear level, we have examined mutant mice lacking the insulin-dependent phosphorylation site of CBP. In these mice, the CREB-CBP interaction is enhanced in both the absence and presence of cAMP stimulation. We found that islet and beta-cell masses were increased twofold, while pancreas weights were not different from the weights of wild-type littermates. beta-Cell proliferation was increased both in vivo and in vitro in isolated islet cultures. Surprisingly, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from perfused, isolated mutant islets was reduced. However, beta-cell depolarization with KCl induced similar levels of insulin release from mutant and wild-type islets, indicating normal insulin synthesis and storage. In addition, transcripts of pgc1a, which disrupts glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, were also markedly elevated. In conclusion, sustained activation of CBP-responsive genes results in increased beta-cell proliferation. In these beta cells, however, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was diminished, resulting from concomitant CREB-CBP-mediated pgc1a gene activation.
Novel tyrosine kinase inhibitors for renal cell carcinoma (2013)

Although targeted therapy against VEGF and mTOR have revolutionized the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), additional agents are required due to toxicity and resistance to currently available drugs. Some next-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors have focused on VEGF, narrowing the spectrum of receptors which are inhibited and enhancing binding affinity. However, targeting novel receptors with tyrosine kinase inhibition of additional receptor targets has also emerged as an important future therapeutic strategy for RCC, both clear cell and variant histology. New pathways being targeted include FGF, angiopoietin and MET. In this review, we highlight five novel tyrosine kinase inhibitors in development for RCC: tivozanib; dovitinib; regorafenib; cabozantinib; and tivantinib.
Magnetization transfer contrast: MR imaging of the knee. (1991)

The use of magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) in magnetic resonance imaging of the human knee was evaluated in this study. MTC is generated by irradiating the macromolecular protons in tissue with a low power off-resonance radio-frequency field. This results in a decrease in water proton signal intensity where a tight magnetic coupling between water and macromolecules exists. With this approach, the authors have demonstrated that MTC can improve contrast in standard single-section, gradient-recalled-echo images of the knee with regard to fat-muscle and cartilage-synovial fluid comparisons. The effect of changes in repetition time, echo time, and flip angle were also quantitatively evaluated. More important, MTC was shown to generate useful cartilage-synovial fluid contrast on high-resolution three-dimensional images, in which contrast is difficult to generate. This approach may not only provide better structural information about the knee, but may also provide noninvasive insight into the structure and biochemical composition of cartilage in vivo.
A new rating scale for Alzheimer's disease (1984)

A new rating instrument, the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale, was designed specifically to evaluate the severity of cognitive and noncognitive behavioral dysfunctions characteristic of persons with Alzheimer's disease. Item descriptions, administration procedures, and scoring are outlined. Twenty-seven subjects with Alzheimer's disease and 28 normal elderly subjects were rated on 40 items. Twenty-one items with significant intraclass correlation coefficients for interrater reliability (range, .650-.989) and significant Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients for test-retest reliability (range, .514-1) constitute the final scale. Subjects with Alzheimer's disease had significantly more cognitive and noncognitive dysfunction than the normal elderly subjects.
An improved procedure for isolation of residual lignins from hardwood kraft pulps (2004)

Abstract Residual lignin preparations were isolated from birch, aspen and Eucalyptus grandis kraft pulp by enzymatic hydrolysis of the pulps with cellulase:hemicellulase mixture. Residual lignin preparations were characterized by investigation of nitrogen content, carbohydrate composition and molecular mass distribution. The use of enzyme with high activity and optimization of enzyme charge resulted in significant decrease in protein contaminants in residual lignin preparations as compared to previously published results. A second order law correlation between enzyme mass charge and nitrogen content in birch residual lignin preparations indicates a strong effect of enzyme charge on the amount of protein contaminants. However, the enzyme charge in the range studied does not appreciably affect either the yields of the residual lignin preparations or percentage and composition of carbohydrates in these preparations. The optimal enzyme charge was highest for Eucalyptus grandis pulp and lowest for birch pulp. It has been suggested that a significant part of the hardwood residual lignin in pulps, especially in E. grandis pulp, consists of low molecular mass lignin fragments bonded to pulp carbohydrates. Higher amount of glucose in E. grandis residual lignin preparation compared to those from birch and aspen implied a higher frequency of lignin-cellulose bonds in eucalypt pulp. Different fractions of birch residual lignin have rather similar molecular mass distribution, which was not affected by the charge of the enzyme. Eucalypt residual lignin preparation had higher molecular mass than birch residual lignin.
Prototyping networked embedded systems (1999)

Sophisticated consumer devices that support multimedia-personal digital assistants, network computers, and mobile communication devices-pose challenges for embedded systems designers. The low-cost, consumer-oriented, fast time-to-market mentality that dominates embedded system design today forces design teams to use hardware-software codesign to cope with growing design complexities. New codesign methodologies and tools must support a key characteristic of next-generation embedded systems: the capability to communicate over networks and adapt to different operating environments. The paper discusses two emerging classes of embedded systems: multifunction systems and multimode systems.
Both high and low levels of blood vitamin D are associated with a higher prostate cancer risk: A longitudinal, nested case‐control study in the Nordic countries (2003)

Vitamin D inhibits the development and growth of prostate cancer cells. Epidemiologic results on serum vitamin D levels and prostate cancer risk have, however, been inconsistent. We conducted a longitudinal nested case-control study on Nordic men (Norway, Finland and Sweden) using serum banks of 200,000 samples. We studied serum 25(OH)-vitamin D levels of 622 prostate cancer cases and 1,451 matched controls and found that both low (</=19 nmol/l) and high (>/=80 nmol/l) 25(OH)-vitamin D serum concentrations are associated with higher prostate cancer risk. The normal average serum concentration of 25(OH)-vitamin D (40-60 nmol/l) comprises the lowest risk of prostate cancer. The U-shaped risk of prostate cancer might be due to similar 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) availability within the prostate: low vitamin D serum concentration apparently leads to a low tissue concentration and to weakened mitotic control of target cells, whereas a high vitamin D level might lead to vitamin D resistance through increased inactivation by enhanced expression of 24-hydroxylase. It is recommended that vitamin D deficiency be supplemented, but too high vitamin D serum level might also enhance cancer development.
Kinetics of Connective Tissue Growth Factor Expression during Experimental Proliferative Glomerulonephritis (2001)

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a member of the CCN family of immediate early genes, which are involved in cell proliferation, migration, and matrix production. Recently, CTGF was observed to be strongly upregulated in human proliferative and fibrogenic renal disease. By in situ hybridization and reverse transcriptase-PCR, the expression of CTGF was investigated in experimental proliferative glomerulonephritis induced by injection of anti-Thy-1.1 antibody in the rat. CTGF expression in cultured rat mesangial cells and glomerular visceral epithelial cells (GVEC) was studied in response to transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), an essential pathogenetic factor in this model. In normal rat kidneys, only some GVEC expressed CTGF mRNA. In anti-Thy-1.1 nephritis, CTGF mRNA expression was strongly increased in extracapillary and mesangial proliferative lesions and in areas of periglomerular fibrosis. Early glomerular CTGF overexpression in GVEC coincided with a striking upregulation of TGF-beta2 and to a lesser extent of TGF-beta3. Glomerular CTGF mRNA expression was maximal at day 7, in association with increased TGF-beta1 mRNA and protein expression. CTGF mRNA overexpression by parietal epithelial cells preceded the periglomerular appearance of alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive fibroblasts. In cultured mesangial cells, TGF-beta1, -beta2, and -beta3 transiently increased the CTGF/glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA ratio up to threefold versus control at 4 h. In GVEC, upregulation of CTGF mRNA by these TGF-beta isoforms was more sustained, being 8- to 16-fold versus control at 24 h. The kinetics of CTGF expression strongly suggest a role in glomerular repair, possibly downstream of TGF-beta, in this model of transient renal injury.
Mutations in the 5' region of the myotubularin-related protein 2 (MTMR2) gene in autosomal recessive hereditary neuropathy with focally folded myelin (2001)

Focally folded myelin has been recognized as a distinctive feature in some individuals with severe inherited demyelinating neuropathy, with an onset in childhood. Such cases have been shown to be genetically heterogeneous. Alterations in the myotubularin-related protein 2 (MTMR2) gene on chromosome 11q22 have recently been shown to give rise to this phenotype. Mutations have been identified in the 3' region of the MTMR2 gene in four unrelated families, in two of whom the disorder had been mapped to chromosome 11q22 by genetic linkage analysis. We have sequenced the entire coding region and flanking intronic regions of the MTMR2 gene in eight families with early onset autosomal recessive neuropathies. Two novel mutations were identified in exon 4 at the 5' end of the MTMR2 gene in an English and an Indian family. The clinical phenotype and sural nerve pathology in these two families differs in severity, with the proband in the English family having an earlier onset and more severe neuropathy with prominent cranial nerve involvement. This is probably due to mutation type and possible involvement of small nucleotide polymorphisms in phenotype modulation. Detailed sural nerve pathology is presented in both cases. Mutations in the MTMR2 gene are thus an important cause of autosomal recessive demyelinating neuropathy. Identifying further mutations and defining their phenotype will help to clarify the genetic classification of this group of disorders.