gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of microtubule- and microfilament-disrupting drugs on preimplantation mouse embryos (1980)

The sensitivity of early preimplantation mouse embryos to drugs which disrupt microfilament function (cytochalasin B-CB and cytochalasin D-CD and microtubule assembly (colchicine, colcemid, vinblastine and griseofulvin) was examined. CD inhibited cleavage at a concentration 35-fold lower than CB (3 X 10-7 M v. 1 X 10-5 M). Treatment of 2-cell embryos for 6 h with 1 X 10-5 M CB or 1 X 10-6 M CD or continuous exposure to lower concentrations of CB or CD did not affect development to the blastocyst stage in vitro. Vinblastine inhibited cleavage at a concentration tenfold lower than colcemid or colchicine (1 X 10-8 M v. 1 X 10-7 M). The continuous presence of colcemid at 10-8 M did not affect the development of 2-cell embryos to the blastocyst stage, but development was reduced with vinblastine at 1 X 10-9 M and completely inhibited with colchicine at 1 X 10-8 M. The drugs produced similar responses when 2-cell embryos were treated for 6 h with concentration that inhibited cleavage. Complete inhibition of cleavage was obtained after only a 2 h exposure to 2 X 10-7 M colchicine. A similar concentration of lumicolchicine did not affect cleavage or blastocyst formation. Embryos were less sensitive to griseofulvin; the first cleavage division was unaffected by concentrations as high as 3 X 10-4 M and only 50% of 2-cell embryos failed to cleave in 1 X 10-4 and 3 X 10-4 M griseofulvin. At these concentrations a small proportion of 1-cell embryos and the majority of the 2-cell embryos showed unequal cytoplasmic division probably caused by the formation of multipolar spindles. The continuous exposure of 2-cell embryos to 3 X 10-5 M griseofulvin did not affect blastocyst formation.
Adenovirus-Mediated Transfer of the CFTR Gene to Lung of Nonhuman Primates: Biological Efficacy Study (1993)

We have evaluated the biological efficacy of E1-deleted adenoviruses in baboons for lung-directed gene therapy of cystic fibrosis (CF). The experimental design attempted to simulate a phase I clinical trial with animals receiving a single dose of virus to an isolated pulmonary segment. A total of 14 animals divided into four groups, each of which received escalating doses of virus, were used. Individual animals were necropsied 4 and 21 days after gene transfer and tissues were carefully surveyed for gene expression. Expression of the transgene was localized primarily to the area into which it was infused; the efficiency of recombinant gene expression and the abundance of transgene sequences were proportional to dose and both diminished with time. Transgene expression was found predominantly in alveolar cells with patches of expression in the proximal and distal airway. Analysis of adenoviral protein expression within transgene-expressing cells revealed infrequent expression of the E2a gene and no detectable expression of late genes (i.e., fiber protein). These results suggest that recombinant adenovirus can be used to transfer genes efficiently to the lung of nonhuman primates and that therapeutic strategies of cystic fibrosis may require repetitive administration with current vectors.
Steady-State Response Audiometry in a Group of Patients with Steeply Sloping Sensorineural Hearing Loss (2005)

The GSI Audera appears to predict the configuration of HL in children with steeply sloping sensorineural HLs and over-predicts the severity of the loss by 15 to 20 dB above 500 Hz at each test frequency (1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 Hz). Correlation coefficients display a strong correlation at 500 Hz, 1,000 Hz, and 2,000 Hz.
Increased miR-708 Expression in NSCLC and Its Association with Poor Survival in Lung Adenocarcinoma from Never Smokers (2012)

miRNA-708 acts as an oncogene contributing to tumor growth and disease progression by directly downregulating TMEM88, a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway in lung cancer.
Passage of phenotypes of chemically transformed cells via transfection of DNA and chromatin. (1979)

DNA was prepared from 15 different mouse and rat cell lines transformed by chemical carcinogens in vitro and in vivo. These DNAs were applied to NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast cultures by using the calcium phosphate transfection technique. DNAs of five donor lines were able to induce foci on the recipient monolayers. Ten other donor DNAs yielded few or no foci. DNAs from control, nontransformed parental cell lines induced few or no foci. Chromosomes were transfected from one donor whose naked DNA was unable to induce foci, and morphologic transformation of recipients was observed. These experiments prove that in five of these cell lines the chemically induced phenotype is encoded in DNA, and the sequences specifying the transformed phenotype behave as a dominant allele in the NIH3T3 recipient cells. The sequences encoding the transformation are likely found on a single fragment of DNA.
Cross-lingual query suggestion using query logs of different languages (2007)

Query suggestion aims to suggest relevant queries for a given query, which help users better specify their information needs. Previously, the suggested terms are mostly in the same language of the input query. In this paper, we extend it to cross-lingual query suggestion (CLQS): for a query in one language, we suggest similar or relevant queries in other languages. This is very important to scenarios of cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) and cross-lingual keyword bidding for search engine advertisement. Instead of relying on existing query translation technologies for CLQS, we present an effective means to map the input query of one language to queries of the other language in the query log. Important monolingual and cross-lingual information such as word translation relations and word co-occurrence statistics, etc. are used to estimate the cross-lingual query similarity with a discriminative model. Benchmarks show that the resulting CLQS system significantly out performs a baseline system based on dictionary-based query translation. Besides, the resulting CLQS is tested with French to English CLIR tasks on TREC collections. The results demonstrate higher effectiveness than the traditional query translation methods.
Modification of the 5' position of purine nucleosides. 2. Synthesis and some cardiovascular properties of adenosine-5'-(N-substituted)carboxamides (1980)

We have shown previously that the esters of adenosine-5'-carboxylic acid (10) represent a new class of potent nontoxic coronary vasodilators. For example, the ethyl ester (12), which is active by an intraduodenal or intravenous route in dogs, causes a large increase in coronary sinus PO2 and coronary blood flow. Because of the pronounced vasoactive properties of the esters of adenosine-5'-carboxylic acid, a systematic study of the corresponding amides (14--50) was undertaken. In addition, several other analogues containing the N1-oxide function (51--52) or 2',3' substituents (3--9, 53--54) were studied.
<title>Computing part hierarchies of 3D object shape from metric and nonmetric surface representations</title> (1992)

Hierarchical representation of three dimensional (3D) object shape has been based on different levels of resolution. This paper introduces a representational hierarchy that is based on the connectedness and neighborliness of object shape expressed through topologies on the bounding surface with increasing strength. The topology at the object part level is weaker than at the level of simply connected elliptic, parabolic, plane and hyperbolic regions and the strongest topology is given by the classical topology for smooth surfaces. This provides a unified view on the representation of three-dimensional object shape for recognition. The open sets have a natural interpretation in the context of object recognition and relate to different types of recognition processes. More elaborate descriptions are naturally obtained by the introduction of additional structure, such as affine and metric. Qualitative shape features are defined at each level of the hierarchy their usefulness and limitation for shape discrimination is discussed. The possibility of deriving the topologies from ordinal structure is considered and examples of object description presented.
Characterization of I-Ppo, an intron-encoded endonuclease that mediates homing of a group I intron in the ribosomal DNA of Physarum polycephalum. (1990)

A novel and only recently recognized class of enzymes is composed of the site-specific endonucleases encoded by some group I introns. We have characterized several aspects of I-Ppo, the endonuclease that mediates the mobility of intron 3 in the ribosomal DNA of Physarum polycephalum. This intron is unique among mobile group I introns in that it is located in nuclear DNA. We found that I-Ppo is encoded by an open reading frame in the 5' half of intron 3, upstream of the sequences required for self-splicing of group I introns. Either of two AUG initiation codons could start this reading frame, one near the beginning of the intron and the other in the upstream exon, leading to predicted polypeptides of 138 and 160 amino acid residues. The longer polypeptide was the major form translated in vitro in a reticulocyte extract. From nuclease assays of proteins synthesized in vitro with partially deleted DNAs, we conclude that both polypeptides possess endonuclease activity. We also have expressed I-Ppo in Escherichia coli, using a bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase expression system. The longer polypeptide also was the predominant form made in this system. It showed enzymatic activity in bacteria in vivo, as demonstrated by the cleavage of a plasmid carrying the target site. Like several other intron-encoded endonucleases, I-Ppo makes a four-base staggered cut in its ribosomal DNA target sequence, very near the site where intron 3 becomes integrated in crosses of intron 3-containing and intron 3-lacking Physarum strains.
Binding affinity and inhibitory properties of a single-chain anti-T cell receptor antibody. (1993)

The antigen-specific function of T cells is mediated through a surface receptor (alpha beta). Antibodies to the receptor can either inhibit or activate the T cell depending on the multimeric form of the antibody and the isotype of the antibody constant regions. To further examine and eventually control these antagonistic properties, an anti-receptor antibody (1B2) was engineered by linking the variable region genes of the heavy and light chains to form a single-chain binding domain (scFv). The native 1B2 antibody recognizes determinants on the variable regions of both the alpha and beta subunits of the T cell receptor. The scFv gene was expressed in Escherichia coli, and after folding by dilution of solubilized inclusion bodies, scFv protein was purified as both a 29,000-Da monomer and a noncovalently associated 54,000-Da dimer. The binding affinity of the monomer (KD = 17 nM) was 20-fold lower than that of 1B2 Fab fragments (KD = 0.9 nM). In contrast, the binding affinity of the dimer (KD = 1.6 nM) was approximately 2-fold lower than that of 1B2 Fab fragments. Both forms were able to inhibit recognition by the T cell, but the dimer was significantly more effective than the monomer. Inhibition was observed for T cell recognition of either the conventional ligand (a peptide bound to a class I product of the major histocompatibility complex) or the "superantigen" ligand (staphylococcal enterotoxin B bound to a class II product of the major histocompatibility complex). The results suggest that scFv dimers are the most active form of at least some scFv preparations and that the dimers may have the most potential for inhibiting detrimental in vivo T cell activity.
A parallel algorithm for polygon rasterization (1988)

A parallel algorithm for the rasterization of polygons is presented that is particularly well suited for 3D Z-buffered graphics implementations. The algorithm represents each edge of a polygon by a linear edge function that has a value greater than zero on one side of the edge and less than zero on the opposite side. The value of the function can be interpolated with hardware similar to hardware required to interpolate color and Z pixel values. In addition, the edge function of adjacent pixels may be easily computed in parallel. The coefficients of the "Edge function" can be computed from floating point endpoints in such a way that sub-pixel precision of the endpoints can be retained in an elegant way.
Restless Legs Syndrome: Current Concepts about Disease Pathophysiology (2016)

RLS is a neurologic sensorimotor disorder that involves pathology, most notably iron deficiency, in motor and sensory brain areas. Brain areas not subserving movement or sensation such as the cingulate cortex and cerebellum are also involved. Other biological systems including the dopaminergic, oxygen-sensing, opioid, glutamatergic, and serotonergic systems are involved. Further research is needed to determine which of these anatomic locations or biological systems are affected primarily, and which are affected in a secondary response.
CoA protects against the deleterious effects of caloric overload in Drosophila (2016)

We developed a Drosophila model of T2D in which high sugar (HS) feeding leads to insulin resistance. In this model, adipose TG storage is protective against fatty acid toxicity and diabetes. Initial biochemical and gene expression studies suggested that deficiency in CoA might underlie reduced TG synthesis in animals during chronic HS feeding. Focusing on the Drosophila fat body (FB), which is specialized for TG storage and lipolysis, we undertook a series of experiments to test the hypothesis that CoA could protect against the deleterious effects of caloric overload. Quantitative metabolomics revealed a reduction in substrate availability for CoA synthesis in the face of an HS diet. Further reducing CoA synthetic capacity by expressing FB-specific RNAi targeting pantothenate kinase (PK orfumble) or phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthase (PPCS) exacerbated HS-diet-induced accumulation of FFAs. Dietary supplementation with pantothenic acid (vitamin B5, a precursor of CoA) was able to ameliorate HS-diet-induced FFA accumulation and hyperglycemia while increasing TG synthesis. Taken together, our data support a model where free CoA is required to support fatty acid esterification and to protect against the toxicity of HS diets.
Osteoprecursor cell response to strontium‐containing hydroxyapatite ceramics (2006)

The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro bioactivity of strontium-containing hydroxyapatite (Sr-HA), and its effect on cellular attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. The effect of Sr-HA has been compared with that of hydroxyapatite (HA), which is widely used in orthopedics and dentistry. Sr-HA ceramic containing 10 mol % was prepared. The bioactivity of Sr-HA was evaluated in vitro by immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF). After immersion in SBF, Sr-HA exhibited greater ability to induce apatite precipitation on its surface than did HA. The possible effects on cell behavior of Sr-HA were examined by culturing osteoprecursor cells (OPC1) on materials surfaces. Cell shape and cell-material interactions were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the MTT assay was used to determine cell proliferation on samples. When compared with HA, Sr-HA promoted better OPC1 cell attachment and proliferation, and showed no deleterious effects on extracellular matrix formation and mineralization. Confocal scanning microscopy was used to assess the expression of specific osteoblast proteins: alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteopontin (OPN). The results obtained indicate that the presence of Sr stimulates OPC1 cell differentiation, and enhances ALP and OPN expression.
Development of IL-17-mediated Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Is Not Affected by Down-Regulation of IL-25 Expression (2010)

IL-25 is not essential for differentiation of Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells in the sensitization phase or induction of local inflammation in the elicitation phase of the mBSA-induced DTH reaction.
Hemodynamic, Hormonal, and Renal Effects of (Pro)Renin Receptor Blockade in Experimental Heart Failure (2012)

(P)RR antagonism in experimental HF resulted in cardiovascular and renal benefits in association with inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. These findings suggest that (P)RR contributes to pressure/volume regulation in HF and identifies the receptor as a potential therapeutic target in this disease.
Analysis of head pose accuracy in augmented reality (2000)

A method is developed to analyze the accuracy of the relative head-to-object position and orientation (pose) in augmented reality systems with head-mounted displays. From probabilistic estimates of the errors in optical tracking sensors, the uncertainty in head-to-object pose can be computed in the form of a covariance matrix. The positional uncertainty can be visualized as a 3D ellipsoid. One useful benefit of having an explicit representation of uncertainty is that we can fuse sensor data from a combination of fixed and head-mounted sensors in order to improve the overall registration accuracy. The method was applied to the analysis of an experimental augmented reality system, incorporating an optical see-through head-mounted display, a head-mounted CCD camera, and a fixed optical tracking sensor. The uncertainty of the pose of a movable object with respect to the head-mounted display was analyzed. By using both fixed and head mounted sensors, we produced a pose estimate that is significantly more accurate than that produced by either sensor acting alone.
Advances in cold cathode physics and technology (1999)

We review recent progress in the physics and technology of cold cathode electron emitters. The characteristics of emission from field emitter arrays, photocathodes, and ferroelectrics are presented, together with a summary of the understanding of the physics involved. The paper concludes with a description of L-band micropulse gun, based on secondary emission in an RF cavity. Emphasis is placed on cathode development for electron guns to drive microwave tubes and RF accelerators.
Rapid Acquisition of Tissue-specific Homing Phenotypes by CD4+ T Cells Activated in Cutaneous or Mucosal Lymphoid Tissues (2002)

Effector and memory T cells can be subdivided based on their ability to traffic through peripheral tissues such as inflamed skin and intestinal lamina propria, a property controlled by expression of 'tissue-specific' adhesion and chemoattractant receptors. However, little is known about the development of these selectively homing T cell subsets, and it is unclear whether activation in cutaneous versus intestinal lymphoid organs directly results in effector/memory T cells that differentially express adhesion and chemoattractant receptors targeting them to the corresponding nonlymphoid site. We define two murine CD4(+) effector/memory T cell subsets that preferentially localize in cutaneous or intestinal lymphoid organs by their reciprocal expression of the adhesion molecules P-selectin ligand (P-lig) and alpha 4 beta 7, respectively. We show that within 2 d of systemic immunization CD4(+) T cells activated in cutaneous lymph nodes upregulate P-lig, and downregulate alpha 4 beta 7, while those responding to antigen in intestinal lymph nodes selectively express high levels of alpha 4 beta 7 and acquire responsiveness to the intestinal chemokine thymus-expressed chemokine (TECK). Thus, during an immune response, local microenvironments within cutaneous and intestinal secondary lymphoid organs differentially direct T cell expression of these adhesion and chemoattractant receptors, targeting the resulting effector T cells to the inflamed skin or intestinal lamina propria.
Roles of the AV Junction in Determining the Ventricular Response to Atrial Fibrillation (1975)

The statistical properties of RR interval sequences during cholinergic atrial fibrillation were studied in anesthetized dogs both in control conditions and after the selective injection of dromotropic agents into the atrioventricular (AV) node artery. It was observed that RR interval histogram configurations depended mainly on the mean heart rate, regardless of whether it was a control or a post-injection sequence. The sequences were found to vary from almost regular at fast rates to highly irregular at slow rates, covering all intermediate possibilities. Since the injections of dromotropic agents into the AV node artery were carried out during sinus rhythm between the episodes of fibrillation, their influences on the AV junction, as reflected both on the length of the PR interval during sinus rhythm and on the RR interval dispersion during fibrillation, could be compared. The dispersion of RR intervals was found to increase as the PR interval duration became longer. In addition, it was observed that the generally random character of the RR interval sequences during fibrillation was not affected by the injection of dromotropic agents into the AV node artery. These results were interpreted as an indication that, for a well-established atrial fibrillation, the degree of ventricular irregularity (dispersion of RR intervals) is related to the conductivity within the AV junction and that the random character of RR interval sequences is related to the atrial fibrillatory activity itself.
Polarized Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Tetragonal Lysozyme Single Crystals (1998)

Polarized Raman spectra have been obtained for tetragonal lysozyme single crystals of different relative quality. The Raman band at 507 cm-1, which corresponds to the totally symmetric stretch vibration of the gauche-gauche-gauche (ggg) disulfide bridges of the protein, has been shown to possess different polarization characteristics compared with the gauche-gauche-trans (ggt) disulfide bridge band at 528 cm-1. The relative intensities of the ggg and ggt bands in the polarized Raman spectra have been numerically estimated for a number of tetragonal lysozyme single crystals, the X-ray diffraction data of which are available from the Protein Data Bank. On the basis of comparison between the experimental and calculated polarization characteristics of the disulfide Raman lines, the following main conclusions have been drawn. The orientation of the protein molecules correlates with the average orientation of their ggg disulfide bridges. This in turn can be described by the rhoggg value which reflects the average orientation of the S-S bonds with respect to the Z crystallographic axis and can be determined from polarized Raman spectra. Crystals of better quality are characterized by a better alignment of the protein molecules with respect to the Z axis, a smaller perturbation of the protein molecules in the crystal lattice and a somewhat higher interlattice water content.
Doxazosin: a new cytotoxic agent for prostate cancer? (2000)

Doxazosin-mediated cytotoxicity in the drug-resistant human prostate carcinoma cell lines was confirmed. Combinations of doxazosin with either adriamycin and etoposide, but not paclitaxel, had synergistic cytotoxic activity in these tumour cell lines. These results suggest that doxazosin could be a new cytotoxic agent, either used alone or combined, in the treatment of prostate cancer.