gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systemic and microcirculatory effects of autologous whole blood resuscitation in severe hemorrhagic shock (1999)

Systemic and microcirculatory effects of autologous whole blood resuscitation after 4-h hemorrhagic shock with a mean arterial pressure (MAP) level of 40 mmHg were investigated in 63 conscious Syrian golden hamsters. Microcirculation of skeletal skin muscle and subcutaneous connective tissue was visualized in a dorsal skinfold. Shed blood was retransfused within 30 min after 4 h. Animals were grouped into survivors in good (SG) and poor condition (SP) and nonsurvivors (NS) according to 24-h outcome after resuscitation and studied before shock, during shock (60, 120, and 240 min), and 30 min and 24 h after resuscitation. Microvascular and interstitial PO2 values were determined by phosphorescence decay. Shock caused a significant increase of arterial PO2 and decrease of PCO2, pH, and base excess. In the microcirculation, there was a significant decrease in blood flow (QB), functional capillary density (FCD; capillaries with red blood cell flow), and interstitial PO2 [1.8 +/- 0.8 mmHg (SG), 1.3 +/- 1.3 mmHg (SP), and 0.9 +/- 1.1 mmHg (NS) vs. 23.0 +/- 6.1 mmHg at control]. Blood resuscitation caused immediate MAP recompensation in all animals, whereas metabolic acidosis, hyperventilation, and a significant interstitial PO2 decrease (40-60% of control) persisted. In NS (44.4% of the animals), systemic and microcirculatory alterations were significantly more severe both in shock and after resuscitation than in survivors. Whereas in SG (31.8% of the animals) there was only a slight (15-30%) but still significant impairment of microscopic tissue perfusion (QB, FCD) and oxygenation at 24 h, SP (23.8% of the animals) showed severe metabolic acidosis and substantial decreases (>/=50%) of FCD and interstitial PO2. FCD, interstitial PO2, and metabolic state were the main determinants of shock outcome.
Analysis of genes involved in biosynthesis of the lantibiotic subtilin (1992)

Lantibiotics are peptide-derived antibiotics with high antimicrobial activity against pathogenic gram-positive bacteria. They are ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified (N. Schnell, K.-D. Entian, U. Schneider, F. Götz, H. Zähner, R. Kellner, and G. Jung, Nature [London] 333:276-278, 1988). The most important lantibiotics are subtilin and the food preservative nisin, which both have a very similar structure. By using a hybridization probe specific for the structural gene of subtilin, spaS, the DNA region adjacent to spaS was isolated from Bacillus subtilis. Sequence analysis of a 4.9-kb fragment revealed several open reading frames with the same orientation as spaS. Downstream of spaS, no reading frames were present on the isolated XbaI fragment. Upstream of spaS, three reading frames, spaB, spaC, and spaT, were identified which showed strong homology to genes identified near the structural gene of the lantibiotic epidermin. The SpaT protein derived from the spaT sequence was homologous to hemolysin B of Escherichia coli, which indicated its possible function in subtilin transport. Gene deletions within spaB and spaC revealed subtilin-negative mutants, whereas spaT gene disruption mutants still produced subtilin. Remarkably, the spaT mutant colonies revealed a clumpy surface morphology on solid media. After growth on liquid media, spaT mutant cells agglutinated in the mid-logarithmic growth phase, forming longitudinal 3- to 10-fold-enlarged cells which aggregated. Aggregate formation preceded subtilin production and cells lost their viability, possibly as a result of intracellular subtilin accumulation. Our results clearly proved that reading frames spaB and spaC are essential for subtilin biosynthesis whereas spaT mutants are probably deficient in subtilin transport.
Evaluation of the Pressor, Cardiac, and Renal Hemodynamic Properties of Angiotensin II in Man (1961)

These data demonstrate that in normal subjects angiotensin II is 10 times as potent as norepinephrine, which it resembles hemodynamically. An increase in the systolic pressure is associated with significant increase in diastolic pressure, increase in venous pressure, decrease in heart rate, slight decrease in cardiac output with striking increase in total peripheral resistance, decrease in renal blood flow, decreased glomerular filtration rate, increase in filtration fraction, arid slight decrease in urinary volume. Preliminary studies of patients in shock suggest that angiotensin II is two or three times as potent as norepinephrine. Continuous administration is not associated with the development of resistance or tachyphylaxis, nor does sloughing of tissues occur when there is leakage outside the vein.
pH-Independent Triple Helix Formation by an Oligonucleotide Containing a Pyrazine Donor-Donor-Acceptor Base (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTpH-Independent Triple Helix Formation by an Oligonucleotide Containing a Pyrazine Donor-Donor-Acceptor BaseUlrike von Krosigk and Steven A. BennerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 19, 5361–5362Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00124a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00124a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views290Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Thickness dependence of the effective dielectric constant in a thin film capacitor (1998)

The static value of the effective dielectric constant in a thin film capacitor is simulated by means of the local field theory. The value of it shows a sharp decrease as the film thickness is decreased in an ultrathin film geometry. This phenomenon is due to the size effect intrinsic to a thin film structure and has nothing to do with the material aspect. The decrease is more remarkable for larger values of the bulk dielectric constant. It is recovered by inserting interface layers with larger atomic polarizability between the film and the capacitor electrode.
Carbonic anhydrases in fungi (2009)

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are metalloenzymes that catalyse the interconversion of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate with high efficiency. This reaction is fundamental to biological processes such as respiration, photosynthesis, pH homeostasis, CO(2) transport and electrolyte secretion. CAs are distributed among all three domains of life, and are currently divided into five evolutionarily unrelated classes (alpha, beta, gamma, delta and zeta). Fungal CAs have only recently been identified and characterized in detail. While Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans each have only one beta-CA, multiple copies of beta-CA- and alpha-CA-encoding genes are found in other fungi. Recent work demonstrates that CAs play an important role in the CO(2)-sensing system of fungal pathogens and in the regulation of sexual development. This review focuses on CA functions in S. cerevisiae, the fungal pathogens C. albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans, and the filamentous ascomycete Sordaria macrospora.
Vasopressin and its analogues for the treatment of refractory hypotension in neonates (2013)

There is insufficient evidence to recommend or refute the use of vasopressin or its analogues in the treatment of refractory hypotension in neonates. Well-designed, adequately powered, randomized controlled studies are necessary to address efficacy, optimal dosing, safety and long-term neurodevelopmental and pulmonary outcomes.
StarD10, a START Domain Protein Overexpressed in Breast Cancer, Functions as a Phospholipid Transfer Protein (2005)

We originally identified StarD10 as a protein overexpressed in breast cancer that cooperates with the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases in cellular transformation. StarD10 contains a steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR/StarD1)-related lipid transfer (START) domain that is thought to mediate binding of lipids. We now provide evidence that StarD10 interacts with phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) by electron spin resonance measurement. Interaction with these phospholipids was verified in a fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based assay with 7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl-labeled lipids. Binding was not restricted to lipid analogs since StarD10 selectively extracted PC and PE from small unilamellar vesicles prepared with endogenous radiolabeled lipids from Vero monkey kidney cells. Mass spectrometry revealed that StarD10 preferentially selects lipid species containing a palmitoyl or stearoyl chain on the sn-1 and an unsaturated fatty acyl chain (18:1 or 18:2) on the sn-2 position. StarD10 was further shown to bind lipids in vivo by cross-linking of protein expressed in transfected HEK-293T cells with photoactivable phosphatidylcholine. In addition to a lipid binding function, StarD10 transferred PC and PE between membranes. Interestingly, these lipid binding and transfer specificities distinguish StarD10 from the related START domain proteins Pctp and CERT, suggesting a distinct biological function.
CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells That Secrete TGFβ and IL-10 Are Preferentially Induced by a Vaccine Vector (2004)

CD4CD25 T cells generated in a vaccine scenario can play a critical role in limiting antitumor therapy, thus having widespread implications for the immunotherapy-based treatment of cancer. The authors previously used Listeria monocytogenes to develop two vaccine constructs that express HPV-16 E7 protein and induce strong cellular immunity to HPV-E7-expressing tumors. Immunization of mice bearing established E7-expressing tumors with Lm-LLO-E7 induced regression of the tumors, whereas Lm-E7 showed little or no tumor regression. To investigate the possibility that regulatory CD4CD25 T-cell populations may be responsible for the differences in tumor regression, the authors characterized the role of these cells generated by the two vaccine systems. The authors compared the prevalence of CD4CD25 T cells in tumor-bearing vaccinated mice and demonstrate that Lm-E7-vaccinated mice have significantly increased numbers of CD4CD25 T cells in both the spleen and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes compared with Lm-LLO-E7-vaccinated mice. The authors confirm that these increased numbers of CD4CD25 T cells are indeed suppressor in function by in vitro suppression assays and that the mechanism of action of the tumor-infiltrating cells involves the production of suppressor cytokines interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor beta. These results show that it is possible for a tumor vaccine system to generate tumor-infiltrating CD4CD25 regulatory T cells that critically affect tumor regression and the overall success of vaccine therapy.
Stem Cells Derived from Human Fetal Membranes Display Multilineage Differentiation Potential (2007)

The amnion is the inner of two membranes surrounding the fetus. That it arises from embryonic epiblast cells prior to gastrulation suggests that it may retain a reservoir of stem cells throughout pregnancy. We found that human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) harvested from term-delivered fetal membranes express mRNA and proteins present in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), including POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1; Nanog homeobox; SRY-box 2; and stage-specific embryonic antigen-4. In keeping with possible stem cell-like activity, hAECs were also clonogenic, and primary hAEC cultures could be induced to differentiate into cardiomyocytic, myocytic, osteocytic, adipocytic (mesodermal), pancreatic, hepatic (endodermal), neural, and astrocytic (neuroectodermal) cells in vitro, as defined by phenotypic, mRNA expression, immunocytochemical, and/or ultrastructural characteristics. However, unlike hESCs, hAECs did not form teratomas upon transplantation into severe combined immunodeficiency mice testes. Last, using flow cytometry we have shown that only a very small proportion of primary hAECs contain class IA and class II human leukocyte antigens (HLAs), consistent with a low risk of tissue rejection. However, following differentiation into hepatic and pancreatic lineages, significant proportions of cells contained class IA, but not class II, HLAs. These observations suggest that the term amnion, an abundant and easily accessible tissue, may be a useful source of multipotent stem cells that possess a degree of immune privilege.
Risk factors and treatment of childhood and adolescent Burkitt lymphoma/leukaemia (2012)

Burkitt lymphoma/leukaemia is the most common (40%) form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that occurs in children and adolescents. The prognosis of advanced (disseminated) Burkitt lymphoma/leukaemia in children and adolescents three decades ago had a 5-year event-free survival (EFS) of <40%, and required combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy over a 1-2 year period. Currently, the prognosis for the same advanced stage has a 5-year EFS of 85-90% with <6 months of chemotherapy only. Radiation therapy has been eliminated for children and adolescents with Burkitt lymphoma/leukaemia except in emergencies, such as superior vena cava syndrome and acute neurological impairment or in patients with relapse/progression. Current risk factors in the prognosis of childhood and adolescent Burkitt lymphoma/leukaemia include: lactate dehydrogenase level ≥ 2× the upper normal limit at diagnosis, bone marrow and central nervous system involvement, poor response to cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone reduction therapy and poor risk cytogenetics. New and novel therapeutic approaches include monoclonal antibody (anti-CD20) therapy, targeted cellular immune therapy and small molecule inhibitors. Future strategies should include improved staging and risk classification, reduction of cytotoxic chemotherapy, the investigation of targeted therapy, an increased understanding of the underlying biology of Burkitt lymphoma/leukaemia, strategies for prevention and approaches to reduce acute and chronic toxicities.
Murine Colitis Modeling using Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS) (2010)

Colitis can occur from viral or bacterial infections, ischemic insult, or autoimmune disorders; most notably Ulcerative Colitis and the colonic variant of Crohn's Disease - Crohn's Colitis. Acute colitis may present with abdominal pain and distention, malabsorption, diarrhea, hematochezia and mucus in the stool. We are beginning to understand the complex interactions between the environment, genetics, and epithelial barrier dysfunction in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and animal models of colitis have been essential in advancing our understanding of this disease. One popular model involves supplementing the drinking water of mice with low-molecular weight Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS), resulting in epithelial damage and a robust inflammatory response in the colon lasting several days.Variations of this approach can be used to model acute injury, acute injury followed by repair, and repeated cycles of DSS interspersed with recovery modeling chronic inflammatory diseases. After a single four-day treatment of 3% DSS in drinking water, mice show signs of acute colitis including weight loss, bloody stools, and diarrhea. Mice are euthanized at the conclusion of the treatment course and at necropsy dissected colons are processed and can be 'Swiss rolled" to allow microscopic analysis of the entire colon or infused with formalin as "sausages" to allow macroscopic analysis. Tissue is then embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and stained for histologic review.
Variations of the human glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1): Pathological and in vitro mutations and polymorphisms (2003)

Glucocorticoid (GC) resistance can occur in a number of diseases. It can be either generalized (i.e., familial glucocorticoid resistance) or localized (i.e., asthma). In many cases, a reason for this resistance to steroids lies with mutations or polymorphisms present in the glucocorticoid receptor gene (GR/NR3C1) that belongs to a large family of nuclear receptors. A number of GC-resistant cell lines have been isolated in vitro, some of which arose or may have arisen in vivo. These and the mutations defined in them are included in this review as well as mutations engineered in plasmids and expressed in vitro. It also lists polymorphisms and the individual studies where association-related studies have been performed. NR3C1 is located on chromosome 5q31 and contains 10 exons that code for a 777 amino acid protein. There are two naturally occurring isoforms of the NR3C1, GRalpha (functional) and GRbeta (no hormone-binding ability). A total of 15 missense, three nonsense, three frameshift, one splice site, and two alternative spliced mutations have been reported in the NR3C1 gene associated with glucocorticoid resistance as well as 16 polymorphisms. Mutation and polymorphism data for NR3C1 will soon be found on the newly created locus-specific database.
Dynamic search-window adjustment and interlaced search for block-matching algorithm (1993)

A technique called dynamic search-window adjustment is proposed to improve the performance of three-step searches (TSS) and to prevent the search direction from being easily misdirected by insufficient information. An interlaced-search technique is presented for the purpose of reducing the search positions. A fast search algorithm using both techniques is proposed. It is shown that the average displaced frame difference and search positions of the proposed algorithm are about 1-7% and 24-44% fewer than TSS, respectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Summary cache: a scalable wide-area Web cache sharing protocol (2000)

The sharing of caches among Web proxies is an important technique to reduce Web traffic and alleviate network bottlenecks. Nevertheless it is not widely deployed due to the overhead of existing protocols. In this paper we demonstrate the benefits of cache sharing, measure the overhead of the existing protocols, and propose a new protocol called "summary cache". In this new protocol, each proxy keeps a summary of the cache directory of each participating proxy, and checks these summaries for potential hits before sending any queries. Two factors contribute to our protocol's low overhead: the summaries are updated only periodically, and the directory representations are very economical, as low as 8 bits per entry. Using trace-driven simulations and a prototype implementation, we show that, compared to existing protocols such as the Internet cache protocol (ICP), summary cache reduces the number of intercache protocol messages by a factor of 25 to 60, reduces the bandwidth consumption by over 50%, eliminates 30% to 95% of the protocol CPU overhead, all while maintaining almost the same cache hit ratios as ICP. Hence summary cache scales to a large number of proxies. (This paper is a revision of Fan et al. 1998; we add more data and analysis in this version.).
Densification of Porous Materials by Chemical Vapor Infiltration (1989)

A mathematical model that describes the combined diffusion and reaction of trichloromethylsilane in a porous preform under typical chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) conditions is presented. The model utilizes a single pore to demonstrate the importance of the pore geometry, total gaseous pressure, temperature, and imposed temperature gradient on the degree of achieved densification. By focusing attention on a single pore, it is possible to account for changes in the pore shape that occur during deposition of silicon carbide on the pore boundaries. Process conditions for operation in the reaction‐controlled regime in order to attain complete densification are quantitatively identified even for the longer pores and the relatively higher temperatures used.
Effect of purified Clostridium difficile toxins on intestinal smooth muscle. II. Toxin B (1989)

In the companion paper [Am. J. Physiol. 256 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 19): G759-G766, 1989] we showed that highly purified Clostridium difficile toxin A had a profound effect on intestinal smooth muscle after in vivo but not in vitro exposure. In this study we assessed the effects of in vivo and in vitro exposure to C. difficile toxin B on simultaneous measurements of intracellular membrane potential and contractility in rabbit ileal smooth muscle. Direct exposure of ileal smooth muscle to toxin B (0.1-60 micrograms/ml) in vitro caused membrane depolarization and inhibition of action potential frequency, amplitude, and peak voltage, but no effect on slow wave frequency or amplitude was seen. Toxin exposure also resulted in inhibition of the amplitude of carbachol-induced contractions, with phasic contractions being significantly more sensitive to the effect of toxin B than tonic contractions over the complete dose range. The electromechanical effects of toxin B were not affected by prior administration of tetrodotoxin, atropine, hexamethonium, or phentolamine. In contrast, toxin B administered in vivo into an isolated ileal loop had no effect on spontaneous electromechanical properties of excised smooth muscle strips. Our results indicate that direct exposure in vitro of ileal smooth muscle to C. difficile toxin B causes membrane depolarization in association with inhibition of electromechanical activity. This effect, in combination with the indirect effects of toxin A, may contribute to altered intestinal motility during diarrhea caused by C. difficile.
Restoration by IL-15 of MHC Class I Antigen-Processing Machinery in Human Dendritic Cells Inhibited by Tumor-Derived Gangliosides (2005)

We have recently reported that MHC class I Ag-processing machinery (APM) component expression in dendritic cells (DC) might be down-regulated by tumor cells. However, the tumor-derived factors responsible for inhibition of the APM component expression in DC generated in the tumor microenvironment as well as potential protective mechanism have not yet been investigated. In this article, we demonstrate that expression of several MHC class I APM components, including MB1 (beta5), LMP2, LMP7, LMP10, and ERp57, is significantly down-regulated in human DC generated in the presence of primary oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines or coincubated with purified gangliosides. Suppression of MHC class I APM component expression in DC generated in the presence of tumor cells was significantly attenuated by the inhibition of glucosyl transferase in tumor cells, suggesting that tumor-induced MHC class I APM component down-regulation in DC was mediated in part by oral squamous cell carcinoma-derived gangliosides. Furthermore, rIL-15 restored both tumor cell-induced and ganglioside-induced MHC class I APM component expression in DC, as well as their ability to present Ags to autologous Ag-specific T cells. These results demonstrate that IL-15 restores MHC class I APM component expression in DC down-regulated by tumor-derived gangliosides.