gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel target antigens for dendritic cell-based immunotherapy against ovarian cancer (2002)

Identification of tumor-specific target antigens has been a major hurdle for the treatment of malignant disease by vaccination or immunotherapy. A second challenge has been the induction of therapeutically effective immune responses to these 'self' antigens. The recent recognition of dendritic cells as powerful antigen-presenting cells capable of inducing primary T-cell responses in vitro and in vivo--in combination with identification of tumor-specific antigens--has generated widespread interest in dendritic cell-based immunotherapy against a wide variety of tumors. In this review, a series of recently identified novel ovarian tumor antigens is discussed, and the potential for therapeutic dendritic cell vaccination targeted against these antigens is assessed.
Inhibition of Hageman factor (factor XII) by popcorn inhibitor. (1985)

A protein derived from sweet corn or popcorn inhibits the enzymatic activity of the carboxy-terminal fragment of Hageman factor (HFf) and of ellagic acid-activated Hageman factor (HF, factor XII). Not clarified is whether the inhibitor is directed at the active site of HF. Filtration of normal plasma or purified HF through columns of popcorn inhibitor bound to agarose gels demonstrated that HF was bound to these gels and could then be eluted by buffers containing 2.0 mol/L sodium chloride. The eluted HF was in the precursor form. Thus, popcorn inhibitor appeared to attach to a point on the carboxy-terminal HFf that was distinct from the enzymatically active site of this clotting factor.
Fermentation of biomass‐generated synthesis gas: Effects of nitric oxide (2006)

The production of renewable fuels, such as ethanol, has been steadily increasing owing to the need for a reduced dependency on fossil fuels. It was demonstrated previously that biomass-generated synthesis gas (biomass-syngas) can be converted to ethanol and acetic acid using a microbial catalyst. The biomass-syngas (primarily CO, CO(2), H(2), and N(2)) was generated in a fluidized-bed gasifier and used as a substrate for Clostridium carboxidivorans P7(T). Results showed that the cells stopped consuming H(2) when exposed to biomass-syngas, thus indicating that there was an inhibition of the hydrogenase enzyme due to some biomass-syngas contaminant. It was hypothesized that nitric oxide (NO) detected in the biomass-syngas could be the possible cause of this inhibition. The specific activity of hydrogenase was monitored with time under varying concentrations of H(2) and NO. Results indicated that NO (at gas concentrations above 40 ppm) was a non-competitive inhibitor of hydrogenase activity, although the loss of hydrogenase activity was reversible. In addition, NO also affected the cell growth and increased the amount of ethanol produced. A kinetic model of hydrogenase activity with inhibition by NO was demonstrated with results suggesting there are multiple binding sites of NO on the hydrogenase enzyme. Since other syngas-fermenting organisms utilize the same metabolic pathways, this study estimates that NO < 40 ppm can be tolerated by cells in a syngas-fermentation system without compromising the hydrogenase activity, cell growth, and product distribution.
Pulsed electrical operation of 1.5-μm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (1995)

Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers operating in the 1.3- and 1.5-μm wavelength ranges are highly attractive for telecommunications applications. However, they are far less well-developed than devices operating at shorter wavelengths. Pulsed electrically-injected lasing at 1.5 μm, at temperatures up to 240 K, is demonstrated in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with one epitaxial and one dielectric reflector. This is an encouraging result in the development of practical sources for optical fiber communications systems.
A mathematical model of noise in narrowband power line communication systems (2006)

This manuscript introduces a mathematically tractable and accurate model of narrowband power line noise based on experimental measurements. In this paper, the noise is expressed as a Gaussian process whose instantaneous variance is a periodic time function. With this assumption and representation, the cyclostationary features of power line noise can be described in close form. The periodic function that represents the variance is then approximated with a small number of parameters. The noise waveform generated with this model shows good agreement with that of actually measured noise. Noise waveforms generated by different models are also compared with that of the proposed model.
Recent advances in the generation of chemical diversity libraries (1994)

Abstract In recent years, screening in combination with a diverse compound collection has become a powerful method for discovering leads for the ever‐increasing number of new biologically active peptides, proteins, receptors, and enzymes discovered continually. As a result, the rapid generation and screening of compound libraries (collections) have recently become important major tools in the search for novel lead structures. Diverse collections of compounds have been acquired by many strategies; these include (1) natural products from plants, fermentation, marine organisms, insect toxins, and ethnic pharmacotherapies; (2) recombinant randomized peptide libraries (often referred to as biological diversity); (3) multiple peptide synthesis; and (4) non‐peptidic synthetic libraries. The present review provides an overview of the recent advances in the field of peptide and non‐peptidic synthetic libraries. The progress made thus far is broadly divided into two categories: (1) Amide based libraries. These libraries share the concepts of the peptide library strategies; much of the referenced work thus refers to peptides, reflecting the bias of the literature to date. (2) Non‐amide based libraries. This promising technology combines solid phase synthesis with classical organic synthesis to provide large numbers of compounds with desirable bioavailability and pharmacokinetics for screening. The basic premise behind the second approach is that the high affinity ligands, when identified, will be much more likely to become useful therapeutic agents than the compounds discovered from amide based libraries. Synthesizing small heterocyclic ring systems that use ligands of diverse biological activity via combinatorial strategies is a fast developing branch of medicinal chemistry. We are at an early state in the development of combinatorial chemistry. However, this dramatic convergence of technologies represents a fundamental advance in medicinal chemistry and promises to play a major role in future drug discovery efforts. © 1994 Wiley‐Less, Inc.
Cloning, nucleotide sequence, and potential regulatory elements of the glutamine synthetase gene from murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (1988)

Glutamine synthetase [L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming); EC 6.3.1.2] specific activity, cellular content, mRNA abundance, and gene transcription rate increase by greater than 100-fold during adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes dexamethasone increases, whereas insulin as well as N6,O2'-dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate decrease, glutamine synthetase gene expression. We analyzed the nucleotide sequence of a 1.9-kilobase Sal I-EcoRI restriction fragment from a 3T3-L1 glutamine synthetase genomic clone. This genomic fragment is composed of 1851 base pairs (bp) and includes the first exon and 1029 bp of the 5' flanking sequence. The 600 bp at the 3' end of the 1.9-kb Sal I-EcoRI restriction fragment constitute an open reading frame. We identified the transcription start site at a location 222 bp upstream of the glutamine synthetase coding sequences. The 5' flanking region of the gene encompasses several potential regulatory elements including TATA and CAAT sequences and a 40-bp poly(dT-dG).poly(dC-dA) putative enhancer element. Potential hormone and fat-specific regulatory elements are also located upstream of the transcription start site; they include glucocorticoid and cAMP response elements and fat-specific elements. These potential regulatory elements could account for the differentiation-associated changes and hormone-mediated changes seen in glutamine synthetase gene transcription and mRNA abundance.
Idiotypic protein-pulsed dendritic cell vaccination in multiple myeloma (1999)

Idiotypic protein (Id) produced by myeloma cells is clone-specific and may be a suitable tumor-specific antigen for immune targeting. Advances in dendritic cell (DC) technology suggest the opportunity for using this potent antigen presentation system to deliver myeloma Id to the autologous host to elicit anti-tumor immune responses. We have generated DCs from adherent PBMCs from 6 patients with IgG myeloma. These cells were pulsed with the autologous Id and a control vaccine, KLH, and re-infused i.v. back to the patients on 3 separate occasions. Immune responses to KLH and autologous Id were measured and clinical responses monitored. We found that all treatments were well tolerated without any side effects. All patients developed both B- and T-cell responses to KLH, suggesting the integrity of the host immune system to mount immune responses to an antigen delivered using our vaccination strategy. Id-specific responses were also observed. PBMC proliferative responses to Id were observed in 5 of the 6 patients following treatment. In 2 patients, the responses were associated with the production of IFN-gamma. There were also increases in cytotoxic T-cell precursor frequencies for Id-pulsed autologous targets in 3 patients. B-cell responses characterized by the production of anti-Id IgM occurred in 3 and anti-Id IgG in 4 of the 5 evaluated patients. In 1 patient, a modest (25%) but consistent drop in the serum Id level was observed. Id-pulsed DC vaccination can therefore elicit potentially useful anti-myeloma immune responses in patients with multiple myeloma.
Migraine: Preventive Treatment (2002)

Migraine is a common episodic headache disorder. A comprehensive headache treatment plan includes acute attack treatment to relieve pain and impairment and long-term preventive therapy to reduce attack frequency, severity, and duration. Circumstances that might warrant preventive treatment include: (i) migraine that significantly interferes with the patient's daily routine despite acute treatment; (ii) failure, contraindication to, or troublesome side-effects from acute medications; (iii) overuse of acute medications; (iv) special circumstances, such as hemiplegic migraine; (v) very frequent headaches (more than two a week); or (vi) patient preference. Start the drug at a low dose. Give each treatment an adequate trial. Avoid interfering, overused, and contraindicated drugs. Re-evaluate therapy. Be sure that a woman of childbearing potential is aware of any potential risks. Involve patients in their care to maximize compliance. Consider co-morbidity. Choose a drug based on its proven efficacy, the patient's preferences and headache profile, the drug's side-effects, and the presence or absence of coexisting or co-morbid disease. Drugs that have documented high efficacy and mild to moderate adverse events (AEs) include beta-blockers, amitriptyline, and divalproex. Drugs that have lower documented efficacy and mild to moderate AEs include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), calcium channel antagonists, gabapentin, topiramate, riboflavin, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Enzymatic synthesis of structure-free DNA with pseudo-complementary properties (2008)

Long single-stranded DNAs and RNAs possess considerable secondary structure under conditions that support stable hybrid formation with oligonucleotides. Consequently, different oligomeric probes can hybridize to the same target with efficiencies that vary by several orders of magnitude. The ability to enzymatically generate structure-free single-stranded copies of any nucleic acid without impairing Watson-Crick base pairing to short probes would eliminate this problem and significantly improve the performance of many oligonucleotide-based applications. Synthetic nucleic acids that exhibit these properties are defined as pseudo-complementary. Previously, we described a pseudo-complementary A-T couple consisting of 2-aminoadenine (nA) and 2-thiothymine (sT) bases. The nA-sT couple is a mismatch even though nA-T and A-sT are stable base pairs. Here we show that 7-alkyl-7-deazaguanine and N(4)-alkylcytosine (where alkyl = methyl or ethyl) can be used in conjunction with nA and sT to render DNA largely structure-free and pseudo-complementary. The deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) of these bases are incorporated into DNA by selected mesophilic and thermophilic DNA polymerases and the resulting primer extension products hybridize with good specificity and stability to oligonucleotide probes composed of the standard bases. Further optimization and characterization of the synthesis and properties of pseudo-complementary DNA should lead to an ideal target for use with oligonucleotide probes that are <25 nt in length.
Visual Field Defects and Retinal Ganglion Cell Losses in Patients With Glaucoma (2006)

The evidence for quantitative structure-function relationships provides a scientific basis for interpreting glaucomatous neuropathy from visual thresholds and supports the application of standard perimetry to establish the stage of the disease.
Sensitivity of Glioblastomas to Clinically Available MEK Inhibitors Is Defined by Neurofibromin 1 Deficiency (2012)

Loss of neurofibromin 1 (NF1) leads to hyperactivation of RAS, which in turn signals through the RAF/MEK/ERK and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mTOR pathways to regulate cell growth and survival. Because NF1-deficient acute myeloid leukemias are sensitive to MEK inhibitors, we investigated here whether NF1-deficient glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) would respond to MEK inhibition. In 19 GBM cell lines, we found that treatment with the clinically available MEK inhibitors PD0325901 or AZD6244 decreased levels of phospho-ERK, the downstream effector of MEK, regardless of NF1 status. However, growth inhibition occurred only in a subset of NF1-deficient cells, in association with decreased levels of cyclin D1, increased levels of p27, and G1 arrest. As a single agent, PD0325901 suppressed the growth of NF1-deficient, MEK inhibitor-sensitive cells in vivo as well. Mechanistically, NF1-deficient, MEK inhibitor-sensitive cells were dependent upon the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway for growth and did not activate the PI3K pathway as a mechanism of acquired resistance. Importantly, NF1-deficient cells intrinsically resistant to MEK inhibition were sensitized by the addition of the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor PI-103. Taken together, our findings indicate that a subset of NF1-deficient GBMs may respond to MEK inhibitors currently being tested in clinical trials.
Human Papillomavirus Type 18 E6 and E7 Genes Integrate into Human Hepatoma Derived Cell Line Hep G2 (2012)

Our investigations showed that HPV 18 E6 and E7 genes can be integrated into the Hep G2, and we observed a low prevalence of HPV 16/18 in hepatocellular carcinoma samples. However, the precise risk of HPV as causative agent of hepatocellular carcinoma needs further study.
Rates of Reaction of Nitrogen Bases with Sugars. I. Studies of Aldose Oxime, Semicarbazone and Hydrazone Formation (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRates of Reaction of Nitrogen Bases with Sugars. I. Studies of Aldose Oxime, Semicarbazone and Hydrazone FormationJohn W. Haas and Raymond E. KadunceCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 24, 4910–4913Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00883a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00883a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views385Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Procedural modeling of cities (2006)

Article Share on Procedural modeling of cities Author: Pascal Muller Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule ZurichView Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGGRAPH '06: ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 CoursesJuly 2006 Pages 139–184https://doi.org/10.1145/1185657.1185716Published:30 July 2006Publication History 3citation154DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations3Total Downloads154Last 12 Months22Last 6 weeks7 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Percutaneous Fixation of the Columns of the Acetabulum: A New Technique (1998)

A technique for percutaneous placement of cannulated screws in the acetabulum is presented. Surgical technique is described, and fluoroscopic imaging techniques used to guide screw placement are also illustrated. The technique was used to limit soft tissue dissection in three patients. Results and examples are presented.
Surgical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (2002)

Appropriate surgical management of Crohn disease is predicated on multiple variables, but stricturoplasty is generally reserved for small bowel disease, whereas resection is utilized in ileocolonic inflammation and favored for large bowel disease. Laparoscopic resection is becoming increasingly useful and justified for ileocolic resections, and segmental resection should be strongly considered for limited large bowel inflammation. Some centers are also using a laparoscopic approach for the surgical treatment of acute or chronic ulcerative colitis, although the benefits are less apparent. Proctocolectomy with ileostomy or ileal pouch-anal anastomosis returns the patient's quality of life to a level comparable to that enjoyed by the general population. Creation of a pouch is performed in most instances, but early complications may warrant pouch revision and later complications, such as pouchitis, can mandate pouch excision.
IMGT standardized criteria for statistical analysis of immunoglobulin V‐REGION amino acid properties (2004)

IMGT, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system(R) (http://imgt.cines.fr) is a high-quality integrated information system specializing in immunoglobulins (IG), T cell receptors (TR) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of human and other vertebrates. IMGT comprises IMGT/LIGM-DB, the comprehensive database of IG and TR sequences from human and other vertebrates (76 846 sequences in September 2003). In order to define the IMGT criteria necessary for standardized statistical analyses, the sequences of the IG variable regions (V-REGIONs) from productively rearranged human IG heavy (IGH) and IG light kappa (IGK) and lambda (IGL) chains were extracted from IMGT/LIGM-DB. The framework amino acid positions of 2474 V-REGIONs (1360 IGHV, 585 IGKV, 529 IGLV) were numbered according to the IMGT unique numbering. Two statistical methods (correspondence analysis and hierarchic classification) were used to analyze the 237 framework positions (80 for IGHV, 79 for IGKV, 78 for IGLV), for three properties (hydropathy, volume and chemical characteristics) of the 20 common amino acids. Results of the analyses are shown as standardized two-dimensional representations, designated as IMGT Colliers de Perles statistical profiles. They provide a characterization of the amino acid properties at each framework position of the expressed IG V-REGIONs, and a visualization of the resemblances and differences between heavy and light, and between kappa and lambda sequences. The standardized criteria defined in this paper, amino acid positions and property classes, will be useful to study the mutations and allele polymorphisms, to establish correlations between amino acids in the IG and TR protein three-dimensional structures and to extract new knowledge from V-like domains of chains, other than IG and TR, belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily.
Bangalore: Globalisation and Fragmentation in India's Hightech-Capital (2021)

The meteoric rise of the South Indian megacity of Bangalore (alias Bengaluru) to a globally integrated location of software development and other modern service industries produces profound changes in the metropolitan social map, creating aggravating disparities and a highly fragmented and polarised urban society. Bangalore is becoming what is called a multiply divided city where both social and geographical barriers are reinforced. While a relatively tiny stratum of an affluent urban elite takes benefit from these transformations, the urban poor are further marginalised.
Matrix Metalloproteinases and Neuroinflammation in Multiple Sclerosis (2002)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are extracellular matrix remodeling neutral proteases that are important in normal development, angiogenesis, wound repair, and a wide range of pathological processes. Growing evidence supports a key role of the MMPs in many neuroinflammatory conditions, including meningitis, encephalitis, brain tumors, cerebral ischemia, Guillain-Barré, and multiple sclerosis (MS). The MMPs attack the basal lamina macromolecules that line the blood vessels, opening the blood-brain barrier (BBB). They contribute to the remodeling of the blood vessels that causes hyalinosis and gliosis, and they attack myelin. During the acute inflammatory phase of MS, they are involved in the injury to the blood vessels and may be important in the disruption of the myelin sheath and axons. Normally under tight regulation, excessive proteolytic activity is detected in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with acute MS. Because they are induced in immunologic and nonimmunologic forms of demyelination, they act as a final common pathway to exert a "bystander" effect. Agents that block the action of the MMPs have been shown to reduce the damage to the BBB and lead to symptomatic improvement in several animal models of neuroinflammatory diseases, including experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Such agents may eventually be useful in the control of excessive proteolysis that contributes to the pathology of MS and other neuroinflammatory conditions.