gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency: formation of the enzyme complex is important for stabilization of both alpha- and beta-subunits. (1996)

Mitochondrial trifunctional protein (TP) is an enzyme complex with three activities: enoyl-CoA hydratase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase. Studies on defects in this enzyme in patients with TP deficiency suggest that there are two types of defect. Patients in group 1 have normal amount of cross-reacting material by immunoblot and lack only long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity. Patients in group 2 have a trace amount of cross-reacting material, with all three activities being low. We identified three patients in group 2, and analysis was made at the cDNA level. In patient 2, there was a heterozygous 71-bp deletion at position 110-180 in the alpha-subunit. In patients 1 and 3, there was an abnormal beta-subunit; patient 1 had an A-788-to-G substitution, and patient 3 had G-182-to-A and G-740-to-A substitutions in each of separate alleles. This is the first demonstration of disease-causing mutations in the beta-subunit. cDNA-expression experiments in patients' fibroblasts, using a vaccinia virus system, and gel filtration analysis, using patients' fibroblasts, revealed that the existence of both normal alpha- and beta-subunits, and possibly their association, are important for stabilizing TP and that A-788-to-G substitution on the beta-subunit in patient 1 seems to interfere with the association, the result being a rapid decomposition of TP.
Loss of Caveolae, Vascular Dysfunction, and Pulmonary Defects in Caveolin-1 Gene-Disrupted Mice (2001)

Caveolae are plasma membrane invaginations that may play an important role in numerous cellular processes including transport, signaling, and tumor suppression. By targeted disruption of caveolin-1, the main protein component of caveolae, we generated mice that lacked caveolae. The absence of this organelle impaired nitric oxide and calcium signaling in the cardiovascular system, causing aberrations in endothelium-dependent relaxation, contractility, and maintenance of myogenic tone. In addition, the lungs of knockout animals displayed thickening of alveolar septa caused by uncontrolled endothelial cell proliferation and fibrosis, resulting in severe physical limitations in caveolin-1-disrupted mice. Thus, caveolin-1 and caveolae play a fundamental role in organizing multiple signaling pathways in the cell.
Hydrozirconation: A New Transition Metal Reagent for Organic Synthesis (1976)

Abstract Hydrozirconation has recently been developed as a procedure for functionalizing alkenes, alkynes, and 1,3‐dienes via organozirconium(IV) intermediates. These intermediates react with a variety of electrophilic reagents to give organic products in high yield. Mechanisms of reactions involved in these sequences are discussed.
Acute Kidney Injury Episodes and Chronic Kidney Disease Risk in Diabetes Mellitus (2011)

AKI episodes are associated with a cumulative risk for developing advanced CKD in diabetes mellitus, independent of other major risk factors of progression.
Neuropilin-1 Mediates Collapsin-1/Semaphorin III Inhibition of Endothelial Cell Motility (1999)

Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) is a receptor for two unrelated ligands with disparate activities, vascular endothelial growth factor-165 (VEGF165), an angiogenesis factor, and semaphorin/collapsins, mediators of neuronal guidance. To determine whether semaphorin/collapsins could interact with NRP1 in nonneuronal cells, the effects of recombinant collapsin-1 on endothelial cells (EC) were examined. Collapsin-1 inhibited the motility of porcine aortic EC (PAEC) expressing NRP1 alone; coexpressing KDR and NRP1 (PAEC/KDR/NRP1), but not parental PAEC; or PAEC expressing KDR alone. The motility of PAEC expressing NRP1 was inhibited by 65-75% and this inhibition was abrogated by anti-NRP1 antibody. In contrast, VEGF165 stimulated the motility of PAEC/KDR/NRP1. When VEGF165 and collapsin-1 were added simultaneously to PAEC/KDR/NRP1, dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and COS-7/NRP1 cells, they competed with each other in EC motility, DRG collapse, and NRP1-binding assays, respectively, suggesting that the two ligands have overlapping NRP1 binding sites. Collapsin-1 rapidly disrupted the formation of lamellipodia and induced depolymerization of F-actin in an NRP1-dependent manner. In an in vitro angiogenesis assay, collapsin-1 inhibited the capillary sprouting of EC from rat aortic ring segments. These results suggest that collapsin-1 can inhibit EC motility as well as axon motility, that these inhibitory effects on motility are mediated by NRP1, and that VEGF165 and collapsin-1 compete for NRP1-binding sites.
Planar Rowland spectrometer for fiber-optic wavelength demultiplexing (1981)

A planar Rowland spectrometer was fabricated and characterized as a wavelength demultiplexer for multimode fiber-optic applications. The spectrometer consisted of a planar multimode glass waveguide with two curved end faces and a cylindrical concave grating attached to one of the end faces. Semiconductor lasers with wavelengths between 0.825 and 0.845 microm were used for the measurements. Cross-talk isolation between two adjacent fibers with center-to-center separation of 175 microm (100 A in wavelength difference) was measured to be 18 dB. The device's performance was limited by grating diffraction efficiency, optical aberration , waveguide dispersion, and waveguide losses.
Individualizing Treatment of Patients With Myeloma in the Era of Novel Agents (2008)

Progress in the understanding of multiple myeloma (MM) cell biology has led to the identification of new relevant prognostic factors and subsequently different risk groups. This concept, together with the recent discovery of new drugs with novel mechanisms of action, will probably lead to individualized treatment according to the different patients' characteristics. In this review, we focus on current available agents already approved for MM, and discuss individualized treatment approaches for both transplantation candidates (subdivided into standard and high-risk patients) and elderly patients. Future progress in MM will be based on using science to inform the design of the optimal combined treatments, and high throughput assays that can assess the ability of combination therapies to induce death of MM cells, both alone and in the bone marrow microenvironment.
Analysis of the DNA sequence, gene expression, origin of replication and modular structure of the Lactococcus lactis lytic bacteriophage sk1 (1997)

Bacteriophage sk1 is a small isometric-headed lytic phage belonging to the 936 species. It infects Lactococcus lactis, a commonly used dairy starter organism. Nucleotide sequence data analysis indicated that the sk1 genome is 28,451 nucleotides long and contains 54 open reading frames (ORFs) of 30 or more codons, interspersed with three large intergenic regions. The nucleotide sequence of several of the sk1 ORFs demonstrated significant levels of identity to genes (many encoding proteins of unknown function) in other lactococcal phages of both small isometric-headed and prolate-headed morphotype. Based on this identity and predicted peptide structures, sk1 genes for the terminase, major structural protein and DNA polymerase have been putatively identified. Genes encoding holin and lysin were also identified, subcloned into an Escherichia coli expression vector, and their function demonstrated in vivo. The sk1 origin of replication was located by identifying sk1 DNA fragments able to support the maintenance in L. lactis of a plasmid lacking a functional Gram-positive ori. The minimal fragment conferring replication origin function contained a number of direct repeats and 179 codons of ORF47. Although no similarity between phage sk1 and coliphage lambda at the nucleotide or amino acid sequence level was observed, an alignment of the sk1 late region ORFs with the lambda structural and packaging genes revealed a striking correspondence in both ORF length and isoelectric point of the ORF product. It is proposed that this correspondence is indicative of a strong conservation in gene order within these otherwise unrelated isometric-headed phages that can be used to predict the functions of the sk1 gene products.
Mechanistic Studies on Au(I)-Catalyzed [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangements using Cyclopropane Probes (2009)

A comparative study of the Au(I)-catalyzed [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of propargylic esters and propargyl vinyl ethers is described. Stereochemically defined cyclopropanes are employed as mechanistic probes to provide new synthetic and theoretical data concerning the reversibility of this type of rearrangement. Factors controlling the structure-reactivity relationship of Au(I)-coordinated allenes have been examined, thereby allowing for controlled access to orthogonal reactivity.
Linear and sensitive CMOS position-sensitive photodetector (1998)

A CMOS position-sensitive photodetector (PSD) optimised for outdoor applications is presented. The PSD operates similarly to a four quadrant PSD, but instead of being fixed, its gap tracks the light spot as it moves. Test results show a significantly better performance as compared to conventional PSDs.
Bio-efficacy of Herbicides against Isoproturon Resistant Biotypes of Phalaris minor in Wheat (2003)

Diclofop-methyl, sulfosulfuron, tralkoxydim, fenoxaprop and pendimethalin provided effective control of isoproturon-resistant biotypes of Phalaris minor in wheat. Grain yield of wheat obtained with isoproturon, fenoxaprop and diclofop-methyl was at par. Significant increase in grain yield of wheat under pendimethalin, sulfosulfuron and tralkoxydim over that under isoproturon was supported by more number of effective tillers and other yield contributing characters. All herbicidal treatments performed better than isoproturon in terms of control of isoproturon-resistant biotypes of P. minor. Four biotypes of P. minor (3 isoproturon-resistant and 1 isoproturon-susceptible) behaved similarly in their growth, response to herbicides and effect on wheat yield.
Multiple and novel specificities of monoclonal antibodies O1, O4, and R‐mAb used in the analysis of oligodendrocyte development (1989)

Three monoclonal antibodies that react with antigens on the surface of developing oligodendrocytes in a stage-specific manner, O1, O4 (Sommer and Schachner, 1981), and R-mAb (Ranscht et al., 1982), have been studied with respect to their specificities for a number of purified lipids. The observed specificities were consistent regardless of how the antigens were presented to the antibodies. O1 reacted with galactocerebroside, monogalactosyl-diglyceride, and psychosine and, in addition, labeled an unidentified species in rat brain extracts. R-mAb reacted with galactocerebroside, monogalactosyl-diglyceride, sulfatide, seminolipid, and psychosine; the reaction of R-mAb with sulfatide was nearly equal to that with galactocerebroside. O4 reacted with sulfatide, seminolipid, and to some extent with cholesterol. However, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells labeling with O4 that had not yet begun to express the O1 antigen failed to incorporate 35SO4 or [3H]galactose into sulfatide or seminolipid, the syntheses of which first appear in O1-positive cells. Therefore, O4 stains, in addition to sulfatide and seminolipid, and unidentified antigen that appears on the surface of oligodendrocyte progenitors prior to the expression of sulfatide and galactocerebroside. In primary cultures of rat brain, developing O4+ oligodendrocyte progenitors stained slightly earlier with R-mAb than with O1, and thus R-mAb transiently stained a larger population of oligodendrocytes than did O1. None of the three antibodies produced a detectable reaction on Western immunoblot after separation of brain proteins on reducing gels. In conclusion, the results show that O4, R-mAb, and O1 have multiple overlapping specificities, including previously unrecognized cross-reactions.
Bromination and lithiation: two important steps in the functionalization of polystyrene resins (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBromination and lithiation: two important steps in the functionalization of polystyrene resinsM. Jean Farrall and Jean M. J. FrechetCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 24, 3877–3882Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00886a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00886a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2604Altmetric-Citations324LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pathogenesis of anterior circulation stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (1990)

We studied coexisting potential arterial and cardiac causes of stroke in 159 patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF), who were admitted to a population-based primary care center for an anterior circulation infarct. Systematic investigations included brain CT, carotid Doppler ultrasounds with frequency analysis and echotomography, and mono- and bidimensional echocardiography. Lacunar infarction due to small-artery disease was at least as likely as an AF-related stroke in 13% of the patients who had hypertension and a small deep infarct. In 67% of the patients, internal carotid artery disease ipsilateral to infarct was present, but it was severe (greater than or equal to 50% stenosis or occlusion) in only 11%. There was a potential cardiac source of embolism other than AF in 14%. Overall, although only 18% of the patients had AF as the only potential cause of stroke, embolism from the heart remained the most likely etiology of infarct in 76%. Our findings emphasize the role of AF-related hemodynamic disturbances, which were often associated with embolic phenomena, and a rather low early risk of recurring embolism (4%) within the 1st month after stroke.
Second-generation optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy with improved sensitivity and speed (2011)

We developed second-generation (G2) optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM). Incorporation of a novel acoustic detection scheme improved upon the sensitivity of our first-generation (G1) system by 18.4 dB, deepening the in vivo tissue penetration to 1.2 mm at 570 nm. Moreover, translating the imaging head instead of the living object accelerated the scanning speed by a factor of 5, widening the field of view within the same acquisition time. Mouse ears, as well as mouse brains with intact craniums, were imaged in vivo in both total concentration and oxygen saturation of hemoglobin.
Disposition of cisplatin derivatives -3H-cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexanedichloroplatinum (II) and 3H-cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexanemalonatoplatinum (II) in BDF1 mice. (1989)

The disposition of 3H-cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexanedichloroplatinum (II) and 3H-cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexanemalonatoplatinum (II) was investigated in P388 tumor-bearing BDF1 mice. Fifteen minutes after IP administration of the drugs, the serum contained 12% of the 3H-chloride derivative and 20% of the malonate derivative. Both drugs distributed to all organs of the body but were not sequestered in any major internal organ. However, substantial amounts of the drugs were found in the carcass and skin. After 24 hr, approximately 43% of the radioactivity was excreted in the urine. Only 5 to 8% of the radioactivity was eliminated in the feces. The radioactivity half-life (t1/2 beta) for the 3H-chloride derivative was estimated from urinary excretion data to be 22.7 hr, and 30.0 hr for the 3H-malonate derivative.
XCVII.—The determination of surface tension from the maximum pressure in bubbles (1922)

S. Sugden, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1922, 121, 858 DOI: 10.1039/CT9222100858
Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori Aminoacyl-tRNA Amidotransferase by Puromycin Analogues (2008)

Recent genomic studies revealed the absence of glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase and/or asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase in many bacteria and archaea. The survival of microorganisms missing one or both of these essential enzymes implies an alternative pathway for the formation of Gln-tRNAGln and Asn-tRNAAsn. This indirect pathway involves misacylation of tRNAGln with Glu (or tRNAAsn with Asp) by a nondiscriminating synthetase and subsequent transamidation of the misacylated aa-tRNA by an amidotransferase. Analogues of the natural product puromycin have been developed to inhibit this class of enzymes which has been only recently investigated at the mechanistic and structural levels. The widespread use of the indirect transamidation pathway among prominent human pathogens and its absence in the cytosol of mammalian cells identify aminoacyl-tRNA amidotransferases as an interesting target for the development of antimicrobial agents with a novel mode of action. These mechanism-based inhibitors will provide useful probes for further mechanistic investigations and ligands for X-ray crystallography.
A → Z transition in the synthetic hexanucleotide (dCdGfl)3 (1985)

500 MHz proton NMR and NOE measurements on (dCdGfl)3 show that at very low ionic strength the hexanucleotide adopts an A-DNA conformation, whereas at high salt concentrations a Z-form is found. At intermediate salt concentrations the two species are in slow exchange on the proton NMR time scale. This transition was also observed by characteristic changes in the CD spectra.
P4–105: Endothelial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (2006)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Recently, vascular risk factors have been accused in the pathogenesis of AD. The aim of this study was to compare endothelial function in AD and healthy controls. Total number of 25 AD patients without any vascular risk factors and 24 healthy elderly controls were enrolled in this study. Exclusion criteria were diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, evident stroke, smoking, documented coronary artery disease, history of myocardial infarction, heart failure, acute or chronic infection, malignancy, peripheral artery disease, renal disease, rheumatologic diseases, alcohol abuse and certain drugs that may affect endothelial function (antilipidemic drugs, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, antioxidants, calcium channel blockers, beta blokers, corticosteroids). Both groups underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment and neuropsychiatric assessment. Endothelial function was evaluated by Flow Mediated Dilation (FMD) from the brachial artery of the subjects. In AD group with 11 female and 14 male subjects, mean age was 78±5.9. Mean age of the control group with 9 female and 11 male subjects was 72.1±5.8. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that FMD value was significantly lower in patients with AD than controls (mean FMD for AD: 3.45±1.79 and for control group: 8.41±3.36; p <0.001). It was also found that FMD values were inversely correlated with the stage of the disease according to CDR (r = –0.603, p < 0.001). We have found that endothelial dysfunction occurs in AD patients without any other vascular risk factors. As the disease progresses endothelial dysfunction becomes worse. These findings give evidence that vascular factors have a role in the pathogenesis of AD.
Pancreatic cancer stroma: Understanding biology leads to new therapeutic strategies (2014)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is among the deadliest cancers in the United States and in the world. Late diagnosis, early metastasis and lack of effective therapy are among the reasons why only 6% of patients diagnosed with PDA survive past 5 years. Despite development of targeted therapy against other cancers, little progression has been made in the treatment of PDA. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of new treatments. However, in order to proceed with treatments, the complicated biology of PDA needs to be understood first. Interestingly, majority of the tumor volume is not made of malignant epithelial cells but of stroma. In recent years, it has become evident that there is an important interaction between the stromal compartment and the less prevalent malignant cells, leading to cancer progression. The stroma not only serves as a growth promoting source of signals but it is also a physical barrier to drug delivery. Understanding the tumor-stroma signaling leading to development of desmoplastic reaction and tumor progression can lead to the development of therapies to decrease stromal activity and improve drug delivery. In this review, we focus on how the current understanding of biology of the pancreatic tumor microenvironment can be translated into the development of targeted therapy.
Overexpression of Decorin by Rat Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells Enhances Contraction of Type I Collagen In Vitro (2003)

Decorin synthesized de novo by ASMCs increases type I collagen synthesis and enhances contraction of collagen gels. Regulated synthesis of decorin may be a useful therapeutic approach to reduce ECM volume in vascular disease.
The Equilibrium Between 2‐Lithium‐Oxazole(‐Thiazole, ‐Imidazole) Derivatives and Their Acyclic Isomers – A Structural Investigation (1997)

Abstract 2‐Metallated oxazoles, thiazoles and imidazoles are of interest for the preparation of derivatives of the respective heterocycles, and – especially in the case of metallated thiazoles – as acyllithium equivalents in organic syntheses. Metallation at C2 of these compounds, however, often leads (more so with Li‐oxazoles than with Li‐thiazoles and Li‐imidazoles) to products derived from the acyclic isomers of the metallated heterocycles. In order to obtain more information on the positions of the relevant equilibria, we have carried out a 13 C‐NMR study of substituted li‐ and ZnCl‐oxazoles, Li‐thiazoles and Li‐imidazoles. In the case of Li‐oxazoles, the equilibrium is completely on the side of the acyclic isomers. Addition of ZnCl 2 , however, leads to ring‐closure, and, even in the case of 2‐ZnCl‐substituted benzoxazole, only the ring‐closed isomer is observed. This demonstrates a dramatic gegenion effect on the equilibrium between two isomeric anions. In the case of Li‐thiazoles, depending on the substitution pattern, either solely the ring‐closed or an equilibrium with the ringopened isomer is observed. In the series of Li‐imidazoles, only the 2‐lithiated benzimidazole is in equilibrium with its ring‐opened isomer. The tendency of these compounds to undergo ring‐opening parallels the leaving group properties of the various subunits [OLi &gt; SLi &gt; R 2 NLi, and phenyl‐O(S, NR)Li &gt; vinyl‐O(S, NR)Li]. The difference between the effects of Li + vs. ZnCl + in the (benz)oxazole series is in agreement with results of solid‐state structure investigations of 2‐lithiated and a 2‐zincated thiazole: in the Li compound the C–S bond is 2.9 pm longer than in the ZnCl species, indicating a more facile C–S bond cleavage with Li + as the gegenion.