gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theory of block copolymer micelles in solution (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTheory of block copolymer micelles in solutionJaan Noolandi and Kin Ming HongCite this: Macromolecules 1983, 16, 9, 1443–1448Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00243a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00243a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1194Altmetric-Citations203LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Skin Tumor-Promoting Activity of Benzoyl Peroxide, a Widely Used Free Radical-Generating Compound (1981)

Benzoyl peroxide, a widely used free radical-generating compound, promoted both papillomas and carcinomas when it was topically applied to mice after 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene initiation. Benzoyl peroxide was inactive on the skin as a complete carcinogen or as a tumor initiator. A single topical application of benzoyl peroxide produced a marked epidermal hyperplasia and induced a large number of dark basal keratinocytes, effects similar to those produced by the potent tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate. Benzoyl peroxide, like other known tumor promoters, also inhibited metabolic cooperation (intercellular communication) in Chinese hamster cells. In view of these results caution should be recommended in the use of this and other free radical-generating compounds.
L-4F, an Apolipoprotein A-1 Mimetic, Restores Nitric Oxide and Superoxide Anion Balance in Low-Density Lipoprotein-Treated Endothelial Cells (2003)

These data demonstrate that L-4F protects endothelial cell function by preventing LDL from uncoupling eNOS activity. L-4F allows endothelial cell to maintain coupled eNOS activity to generate.NO even in the face of atherogenic concentrations of LDL.
Soluble SLAMF6 Receptor Induces Strong CD8+ T-cell Effector Function and Improves Anti-Melanoma Activity In Vivo (2018)

SLAMF6, a member of the SLAM (signaling lymphocyte activation molecules) family, is a homotypic-binding immune receptor expressed on NK, T, and B lymphocytes. Phosphorylation variance between T-cell subclones prompted us to explore its role in anti melanoma immunity. Using a 203-amino acid sequence of the human SLAMF6 (seSLAMF6) ectodomain, we found that seSLAMF6 reduced activation-induced cell death and had an antiapoptotic effect on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells costimulated with seSLAMF6 secreted more IFNγ and displayed augmented cytolytic activity. The systemic administration of seSLAMF6 to mice sustained adoptively transferred transgenic CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells in comparable numbers to high doses of IL2. In a therapeutic model, lymphocytes activated by seSLAMF6 delayed tumor growth, and when further supported <i>in vivo</i> with seSLAMF6, induced complete tumor clearance. The ectodomain expedites the loss of phosphorylation on SLAMF6 that occurs in response to T-cell receptor triggering. Our findings suggest that seSLAMF6 is a costimulator that could be used in melanoma immunotherapy. <i>Cancer Immunol Res; 6(2); 127-38. ©2018 AACR</i>.
On the Nature and Elimination of Stimulus Artifact in Nerve Signals Evoked and Recorded Using Surface Electrodes (1982)

The electrical stimulus pulse and the surface electrodes commonly used to study compound action potentials of peripheral nerves give rise to an artifact consisting of an initial spike and a longer lasting tail which often interferes with the recorded signal. The artifact has four sources: 1) the voltage gradient between the recording electordes caused by stimulus current flowing through the limb, 2) the common-mode voltage of the limb caused by current escaping through the ground electrode, 3) the capacitive coupling between the stimulating and recording leads, and 4) the high-pass filtering characteristics of the recording amplifier. This paper models these sources and presents several methodological rules for minimizing their effects. Also presented are three computer-based methods for subtracting the residual artifact from contaminated records using estimates of the artifact obtained from: 1) subthreshold stimulation, 2) a second recording site remote from the nerve, or 3) stimulation during the refractory period of the nerve.
Advances in Cryptology – CRYPTO 2014 (2014)

The two volume-set, LNCS 8616 and LNCS 8617, constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 34th Annual International Cryptology Conference, CRYPTO 2014, held in Santa Barbara, CA, USA, in August 2014. T
Rolling Circle Amplification for Sequencing Templates (2004)

Robust and reproducible isolation of high-quality templates is a requirement for successful DNA sequencing. To date, approaches for template generation have been limited to purification of biologically propagated M13 or plasmid-based templates, or in vitro amplification of such templates by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In this chapter, we describe a protocol for a new approach to template generation: rolling circle amplification (RCA). We have found that templates produced through RCA yield more consistent and higher-quality sequence than identical templates generated from plasmid-prep methods. The protocol is simple, amenable to high throughput, and currently in use at the DOE Joint Genome Institute (Walnut Creek, CA) for the daily production of 30,000 sequencing templates.
Oral and parenteral therapy with saperconazole (R 66905) of invasive aspergillosis in normal and immunocompromised animals (1989)

Saperconazole (R 66905) is a broad-spectrum antifungal triazole with potent in vitro activity against Aspergillus spp. A total of 279 strains were tested in brain heart infusion broth. Development of the Aspergillus spp. was completely inhibited at 0.1 and 1 microgram of saperconazole per ml for 80.3 and 99.6% of the strains, respectively. Normal and immunocompromised guinea pigs were infected intravenously with Aspergillus fumigatus and treated orally, intravenously, or intraperitoneally with saperconazole or intraperitoneally with amphotericin B. Leukopenia, neutropenia, lymphocytosis, and monocytosis were obtained with mechlorethamine hydrochloride; leukopenia, neutrophilia, and lymphopenia were obtained with cyclophosphamide. Saperconazole was dissolved for oral treatment in polyethylene glycol and for parenteral treatment in cyclodextrins. Amphotericin B was given parenterally as Fungizone (E.R. Squibb & Sons). Treatment was given once daily for 14 days. An early starting treatment was efficacious, but the activity of saperconazole was maintained even when the onset of the treatment was delayed to the moribund state. The activity of saperconazole was not altered in immunocompromised animals. Saperconazole was clearly superior to amphotericin B and free of side effects. The oral and parenteral formulations of saperconazole were equipotent. The systemic activity of saperconazole in guinea pigs was confirmed in invasive aspergillosis in pigeons.
Short Communication: Telomerase Activity of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in the Course of HTLV Type 1 Infection in Vitro (2002)

[No abstract available]
Quantitative, Competitive PCR Analysis of Porcine Circovirus DNA in Serum from Pigs with Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (2000)

A competitive PCR (cPCR) assay was developed for monitoring porcine circovirus (PCV) DNA in serum samples from piglets. The cPCR was based on competitive coamplification of a 502- or 506-bp region of the PCV type 1 (PCV1) or PCV2 ORF2, respectively, with a known concentration of competitor DNA, which produced a 761- or 765-bp fragment, respectively. The cPCR was validated by quantification of a known amount of PCV wild-type plasmids. We also used this technique to determine PCV genome copy numbers in infected cells. Furthermore, we measured PCV DNA loads in clinical samples. More than 50% of clinically healthy piglets could harbor both types of PCV. While PCV1 was detected in only 3 of 16 pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), all the sick piglets contained PCV2. A comparison of the PCV2 DNA loads of healthy and sick animals revealed a significant difference, indicating that the development of PMWS may require a certain amount of PCV2.
A Bayesian Networks Approach for Predicting Protein-Protein Interactions from Genomic Data (2003)

We have developed an approach using Bayesian networks to predict protein-protein interactions genome-wide in yeast. Our method naturally weights and combines into reliable predictions genomic features only weakly associated with interaction (e.g., messenger RNAcoexpression, coessentiality, and colocalization). In addition to de novo predictions, it can integrate often noisy, experimental interaction data sets. We observe that at given levels of sensitivity, our predictions are more accurate than the existing high-throughput experimental data sets. We validate our predictions with TAP (tandem affinity purification) tagging experiments. Our analysis, which gives a comprehensive view of yeast interactions, is available at genecensus.org/intint.
Correction: A-Methylacyl-CoA Racemase (AMACR) and Prostate-Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis of 4,385 Participants (2013)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074386.].
The interleukin 1 inhibitor rilonacept in treatment of chronic gouty arthritis: results of a placebo-controlled, monosequence crossover, non-randomised, single-blind pilot study (2009)

This proof-of-concept study demonstrated that rilonacept is generally well tolerated and may offer therapeutic benefit in reducing pain in patients with chronic refractory gouty arthritis, supporting the need for larger, randomised, controlled studies of IL1 antagonism such as with rilonacept for this clinical indication.
The Homeobox Transcription Factor Hox D3 Promotes Integrin α5β1 Expression and Function during Angiogenesis (2004)

Neovascularization promotes wound healing, tumor growth, and arthritis. Endothelial cell migration and survival during neovascularization are regulated by adhesion proteins, including integrin alpha5beta1. Integrin alpha5beta1 is poorly expressed on normal quiescent blood vessels, but its expression is induced on tumor blood vessels and in response to angiogenic factors such as basic fibroblast growth factor, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and the angiomatrix protein Del-1. We show here that alpha5beta1 expression, and hence function, during angiogenesis is regulated by the transcription factor Hox D3, a homeobox gene that also controls the expression of endothelial cell integrin alphavbeta3 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Hox D3 expression in endothelial cells enhances integrin alpha5 protein and message expression, whereas Hox D3 antisense inhibits its expression. Hox D3 promotes alpha5 expression during angiogenesis in vivo, whereas inhibition of alpha5 expression by Hox D3 antisense suppresses angiogenesis. Hox D3 binds directly to the promoters of the integrin alpha5 and beta3 subunits, inducing subunit expression. As Hox D3, integrin alphavbeta3, and integrin alpha5beta1 are expressed on tumor blood vessels but not on normal quiescent vessels, these studies suggest that Hox D3 coordinately regulates the expression of integrin alpha5beta1 and integrin alphavbeta3 during angiogenesis in vivo. These studies also suggest that Hox D3 inhibition could be a useful approach to inhibit tumor angiogenesis.
Neurochemistry and Neuroendocrinology of Schizophrenia: A Selective Review (1993)

Neurochemical investigation has played a major role in the search for the cause of schizophrenia. Initial research strategies involved the direct measurement of neurochemical substances in biological fluids. Subsequently, indirect measures of brain biochemistry including pituitary hormones and responses to pharmacologic probes were examined. Recent advances in in vivo functional neuroimaging, biochemical neuropathology, and molecular genetics have extended the scope of clinical neurochemical studies. The historical emphasis on the dopamine neurotransmitter system has subsided in the wake of the demonstrated limitations of the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia and increased evidence for the role of other neurotransmitters in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia as well as their interactions with dopamine neural systems. The neurotransmitters that have come under increasing scrutiny include serotonin, norepinephrine, glutamate, and related excitatory amino acids, and the neuropeptides cholecystokinin and neurotensin. In this article, the authors reviewed significant recently published neurochemical and neuroendocrine studies of schizophrenia in the context of previous work and found an extensive but fragmentary body of data which provides neither consistent nor conclusive evidence for any specific etiologic theory. Aspects of the disease and methodological limitations that may account for this as well as future research strategies are discussed.
Human Cells Lacking mtDNA: Repopulation with Exogenous Mitochondria by Complementation (1989)

Two human cell lines (termed rho 0), which had been completely depleted of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) by long-term exposure to ethidium bromide, were found to be dependent on uridine and pyruvate for growth because of the absence of a functional respiratory chain. Loss of either of these two metabolic requirements was used as a selectable marker for the repopulation of rho 0 cells with exogenous mitochondria by complementation. Transformants obtained with various mitochondrial donors exhibited a respiratory phenotype that was in most cases distinct from that of the rho 0 parent or the donor, indicating that the genotypes of the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes as well as their specific interactions play a role in the respiratory competence of a cell.
Delineating Elliptical Objects with an Application to Cardiac Scintigrams (1987)

To delineate the myocardium in planar thallium-201 scintigrams of the left ventricle, a method, based on the Hough transformation, is presented. The method maps feature points (X, Y, Y')-where Y' reflects the direction of the tangent in edge point (X,Y)-into the two-dimensional space of the axis lengths of the ellipse. Within this space, a probability density function (pdf) can be estimated. When the center of the ellipse or its orientation are unknown, the 2-D pdf of the lengths of the axes is extended to a 5-D pdf of all parameters of the ellipse (lengths of the axes, coordinates of the center, and the orientation). It is shown that the variance of the edge-point-based estimates of the axis lengths increases when the location error of the center of the supposed ellipse or its orientation error increases. The likelihood of the estimates is expected to decrease with increasing variance. Therefore, local search algorithms can be applied to find the maximum likelihood estimate of the parameters of the ellipse. Curves describing the convergency of the algorithm are presented, as well as an example of the application of the algorithm to real scintigrams. The method is able to detect contours even if they are only partly visualized, as in thallium scintigrams of the myocardium of patients with ischemic heart disease. As long as the number of parameters describing the contour is relatively low, such an algorithm is also suitable for application to differently curved contours.
Intranasal Immunization of Mice with PspA (Pneumococcal Surface Protein A) Can Prevent Intranasal Carriage, Pulmonary Infection, and Sepsis withStreptococcus pneumoniae (1997)

Many pathogens, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, are carried asymptomatically on the nasopharyngeal mucosa and spread among individuals by close contact. Clinical disease results when pneumococci escape from the mucosa and invade sterile sites. Although systemic immunity can prevent invasive disease, control of person-to-person spread is probably dependent on immunity acting at the mucosal surface. Intranasal immunization of mice with PspA (pneumococcal surface protein A) or a capsular 6B polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate induced mucosal and systemic antibody responses and provided long-lasting protection against carriage of S. pneumoniae. Resistance to carriage was dependent on mucosal rather than systemic immunity and was effective against heterologous strains of heterologous PspA types. Intranasal immunization with PspA also protected against systemic infection following intravenous, intratracheal, and intraperitoneal challenge.
Solid-Pseudopapillary Tumor of the Pancreas (2000)

To clarify the neuroendocrine differentiation and CD10 expression in solid-pseudopapillary tumors (SPTs) of the pancreas, we performed immunohistochemical analysis in 19 such tumors, including one solid-pseudopapillary carcinoma (SPC), along with 20 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNTs), six acinar cell carcinomas (ACCs), and one pancreatoblastoma (PB). We used antisera directed against CD56, synaptophysin, protein gene product 9.5, the alpha-subunit of Go protein, chromogranin A, CD10, trypsin, chymotrypsin, various cytokeratins (CKs), CA19-9, vimentin, and alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT). All SPTs exhibited immunoreactivity for CD56 and CD10, and 15 expressed other neuroendocrine markers focally with the exception of chromogranin A. Frequent clustering of synaptophysin-positive cells was noted. Two cases contained a peculiar nodule that cytomorphologically and immunohistochemically resembled PNT. CD10-positive cells were scarce in one SPC. PNTs were CD56-positive, but often with faint intensity, and staining for other neuroendocrine markers, including chromogranin A, was diffusely positive. CD10 was detected, mostly in a focal pattern, in five PNTs. Pan-CK, CK8, CK18, and CK19 were more frequently demonstrated in PNT than SPT. Vimentin and AAT were often identified in PNT as well and were not specific for SPT. ACCs were CD56-negative, with the exception of one case designated as a mixed acinar-endocrine carcinoma. PB was focally positive for CD56 at the periphery of the tumor nests. Four ACCs and one PB exhibited focal CD10 reactivity. This study demonstrated the unique immunohistochemical features of SPT. Our results also suggest that SPT exhibits, at least focally, neuroendocrine differentiation, and that these neuroendocrine markers and CD10 are diagnostically useful.
Proteomics-based identification of protein gene product 9.5 as a tumor antigen that induces a humoral immune response in lung cancer. (2001)

We used a proteomic approach to identify proteins that commonly induce an antibody response in lung cancer. Sera from 64 newly diagnosed patients with lung cancer, 99 patients with other types of cancer, and 71 noncancer controls were analyzed for antibody-based reactivity against lung adenocarcinoma proteins resolved by two-dimensional PAGE. Unlike controls, autoantibodies against a protein identified by mass spectrometry as protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) were detected in sera from 9 of 64 patients with lung cancer. Circulating PGP 9.5 antigen was detected in sera from two additional patients with lung cancer, without detectable PGP 9.5 autoantibodies. PGP 9.5 is a neurospecific polypeptide previously proposed as a marker for non-small cell lung cancer, based on its expression in tumor tissue. Using A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell line, we have demonstrated that PGP 9.5 was present at the cell surface, as well as secreted. Thus, the findings of PGP 9.5 antigen and/or antibodies in serum of patients with lung cancer suggest that PGP 9.5 may have utility in lung cancer screening and diagnosis.
Characterization of Biological Thin Films at the Solid-Liquid Interface by X-Ray Reflectivity (2005)

We demonstrate that 18 keV x-rays can be used to study organic thin films at the solid-liquid interface by x-ray reflectivity. We establish that this is a powerful technique for investigating biological systems in a previously inaccessible manner. Our measurements enabled the density distribution of single phospholipid bilayer membranes in bulk water to be measured with unprecedented precision. Previously, characterization of biomimetic structures normal to a "buried" interface was a domain of neutron reflectivity.
TensorFlow: learning functions at scale (2016)

TensorFlow is a machine learning system that operates at large scale and in heterogeneous environments. Its computational model is based on dataflow graphs with mutable state. Graph nodes may be mapped to different machines in a cluster, and within each machine to CPUs, GPUs, and other devices. TensorFlow supports a variety of applications, but it particularly targets training and inference with deep neural networks. It serves as a platform for research and for deploying machine learning systems across many areas, such as speech recognition, computer vision, robotics, information retrieval, and natural language processing. In this talk, we describe TensorFlow and outline some of its applications. We also discuss the question of what TensorFlow and deep learning may have to do with functional programming. Although TensorFlow is not purely functional, many of its uses are concerned with optimizing functions (during training), then with applying those functions (during inference). These functions are defined as compositions of simple primitives (as is common in functional programming), with internal data representations that are learned rather than manually designed. TensorFlow is joint work with many other people in the Google Brain team and elsewhere. More information is available at tensorflow.org.
Interleukin-10 and the Interleukin-10 Receptor (2001)

Interleukin-10 (IL-10), first recognized for its ability to inhibit activation and effector function of T cells, monocytes, and macrophages, is a multifunctional cytokine with diverse effects on most hemopoietic cell types. The principal routine function of IL-10 appears to be to limit and ultimately terminate inflammatory responses. In addition to these activities, IL-10 regulates growth and/or differentiation of B cells, NK cells, cytotoxic and helper T cells, mast cells, granulocytes, dendritic cells, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells. IL-10 plays a key role in differentiation and function of a newly appreciated type of T cell, the T regulatory cell, which may figure prominently in control of immune responses and tolerance in vivo. Uniquely among hemopoietic cytokines, IL-10 has closely related homologs in several virus genomes, which testify to its crucial role in regulating immune and inflammatory responses. This review highlights findings that have advanced our understanding of IL-10 and its receptor, as well as its in vivo function in health and disease.