gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of Methylene Blue for Refractory Septic Shock During Continuous Venovenous Hemodiafiltration (2010)

As an inhibitor of nitric oxide, methylene blue has been investigated as an alternative vasopressor in patients with septic shock refractory to catecholamine vasopressors and as an agent to maintain hemodynamic stability in patients receiving intermittent hemodialysis. However, to our knowledge, the use of methylene blue as a vasopressor in patents receiving continuous renal replacement therapy has not been evaluated. We describe a 56-year-old man who was receiving continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) for acute renal failure secondary to sepsis. After a difficult hospital stay for injuries sustained from a motor vehicle accident, the patient developed sepsis and subsequent renal failure. On hospital day 47, after an adequate course of antibiotics, the patient developed refractory shock while receiving norepinephrine, phenylephrine, vasopressin, and hydrocortisone. He was then given a continuous infusion of methylene blue, which increased his mean arterial pressure and allowed for weaning of the catecholamine vasopressors. Eight hours after the start of methylene blue, the CVVHDF filter failed, and the hemodiafiltration was stopped. Because the filter was blue, a sample of the patient's effluent was analyzed by using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. No methylene blue was detected in the sample, suggesting that the drug was not being removed by CVVHDF. Clinicians should use caution when they are considering the use of methylene blue in patients with refractory shock who are also receiving CVVHDF.
Almost Optimal Hash Sequence Traversal. (2002)

We introduce a novel technique for computation of consecutive preimages of hash chains. Whereas traditional techniques have a memory-times-computation complexity of O(n) per output generated, the complexity of our technique is only O(log 2 n), where n is the length of the chain.
Inhibition of vascular KATP channels by U‐37883A: a comparison with cardiac and skeletal muscle (1999)

1 The aim of this study was to investigate the selectivity of the ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channel inhibitor U-37883A (4-morpholinecarboximidine-N-1-adamantyl-N'-1-cyclohexyl). Membrane currents through K(ATP) channels were recorded in single muscle cells enzymatically isolated from rat mesenteric artery, cardiac ventricle and skeletal muscle (flexor digitorum brevis). K(ATP) currents were induced either by cell dialysis with 0.1 mM ATP and 0.1 mM ADP, or by application of synthetic potassium channel openers (levcromakalim or pinacidil). 2 U-37883A inhibited K(ATP) currents in smooth muscle cells from rat mesenteric artery. Half inhibition of 10 microM levcromakalim-induced currents occurred at a concentration of 3.5 microM. 3 Relaxations of rat mesenteric vessels caused by levcromakalim were reversed by U-37883A. 1 microM levcromakalim-induced relaxations were inhibited at a similar concentration of U-37883A (half inhibition, 1.1 microM) to levcromakalim-induced KATP currents. 4 K(ATP) currents activated by 100 microM pinacidil were also studied in single myocytes from rat mesenteric artery, skeletal muscle and cardiac ventricle. 10 microM U-37883A substantially inhibited K(ATP) currents in vascular cells, but had little effect in skeletal or cardiac myocytes. Higher concentrations of U-37883A (100 microM) caused a modest decrease in K(ATP) currents in skeletal and cardiac muscle. The sulphonylurea K(ATP) channel antagonist glibenclamide (10 microM) abolished currents in all muscle types. 5 The effect of U-37883A on vascular inward rectifier (KIR) and voltage-dependent potassium (KV) currents was also examined. While 10 microM U-37883A had little effect on these currents, some inhibition was apparent at higher concentrations (100 microM) of the compound. 6 We conclude that U-37883A inhibits K(ATP) channels in arterial smooth muscle more effectively than in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Furthermore, this compound is selective for K(ATP) channels over KV and KIR channels in smooth muscle cells.
Adjustable Mutations in Lactate (LA)-Polymerizing Enzyme for the Microbial Production of LA-Based Polyesters with Tailor-Made Monomer Composition (2010)

Lactate (LA)-polymerizing enzyme (LPE) is a newly established class of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase, which can incorporate LA units into a polymer chain. We previously synthesized P(LA-co-3-hydroxybutyrate)s [P(LA-co-3HB)s] in recombinant Escherichia coli using the first LPE, which is the Ser325Thr/Glu481Lys mutant of PHA synthase from Pseudomonas sp. 61-3 [PhaC1(Ps)ST/QK]. In this study, we finely regulated LA fraction in the copolymer by saturated mutations at position 392 (F392X), which corresponds to the activity-enhancing mutations at position 420 of PHA synthase from Ralstonia eutropha. Among the 19 saturated mutants of LPE at position 392, 17 mutants produced P(LA-co-3HB)s with various LA fractions (16-45 mol %), whereas PhaC1(Ps)ST/QK produced P(LA-co-3HB) with 26 mol % LA under the same culture condition. In particular, the F392S mutation exhibited the highest LA fraction of 45 mol %, and also increased polymer content (62 wt %) compared with PhaC1(Ps)ST/QK (44 wt %). Combination of the F392S mutant and anaerobic culture conditions, which promote LA production, led to a further increase in LA fraction up to 62 mol %. The P(LA-co-3HB)s with various LA fractions exhibited altered melting temperatures and melting enthalpy depending on their monomer composition. Accordingly, the mutations at position 392 in LPE greatly contributed to fine-tuning of the LA fraction in the copolymers that is useful for regulating LA fraction-dependent thermal properties.
Platinum-Like Behavior of Tungsten Carbide in Surface Catalysis (1973)

Tungsten carbide catalyzes the formation of water from hydrogen and oxygen at room temperature, the reduction of tungsten trioxide by hydrogen in the presence of water, and the isomerization of 2,2-dimethylpropane to 2-methylbutane. This catalytic behavior, which is typical of platinum, is not exhibited at all by tungsten. The surface electronic properties of the latter are therefore modified by carbon in such a way that they resemble those of platinum.
Identification and Localization of Mutations at the Lesch-Nyhan Locus by Ribonuclease A Cleavage (1987)

Many mutations leading to human disease are the result of single DNA base pair changes that cannot be identified by Southern analysis. This has prompted the development of alternative assays for point mutation detection. The recently described ribonuclease A cleavage procedure, with a polyuridylic acid-paper affinity chromatography step, has been used to identify the mutational lesions in the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) messenger RNAs of patients with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Distinctive ribonuclease A cleavage patterns were identified in messenger RNA from 5 of 14 Lesch-Nyhan patients who were chosen because no HPRT Southern or Northern blotting pattern changes had been found. This approach now allows HPRT mutation detection in 50 percent of the cases of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. The polyuridylic acid-paper affinity procedure provides a general method for analysis of low abundance messenger RNAs.
Cloning of a rat adipocyte membrane protein implicated in binding or transport of long-chain fatty acids that is induced during preadipocyte differentiation. Homology with human CD36. (1993)

A cDNA for an adipocyte membrane protein, implicated in the transport of long-chain fatty acids, was isolated by screening with a synthetic oligonucleotide derived from the amino terminal sequence of the protein. The 88-kDa adipocyte membrane protein was previously identified by covalent labeling with N-sulfosuccinimidyl esters of long-chain fatty acids which irreversibly inhibited fatty acid transport by 75% (Harmon, C. M., and Abumrad, N.A. (1993) J. Membr. Biol. 124, 261-268). The cDNA (FAT, 2432 base pairs (bp)) contained 70 bp of 5'-untranslated sequence, an open reading frame encoding a 472-amino acid protein with a predicted molecular mass of 52466, and 940 bp of 3'-untranslated sequence with two polyadenylation signal sequences but with no polyadenylation tail. The deduced protein sequence predicted two transmembrane segments and 10 potential N-linked glycosylation sites. Extensive glycosylation most likely explains why the molecular mass of the isolated protein (88 kDa) is different from that deduced from the cDNA sequence (53 kDa). The sequence of FAT is 85% homologous with that of glycoprotein IV (CD36) identified in human platelets and in lactating mammary epithelium. Consistent with this, a polyclonal antibody against CD36 reacted with adipocyte plasma membranes and detected a single band at 88 kDa. Northern blot analysis of RNA obtained from rat adipose tissue and probed with the cDNA identified two major transcripts of 4.8 and 2.9 kilobases which were abundant in heart, intestine, fat, muscle, and testis. The mRNAs were not detectable in cultured adipose cell lines (Ob1771, 3T3F442A) at the fibroblastic stage but were strongly induced during the differentiation process and by treatment of preadipocytes with dexamethasone, conditions that were also associated with an increase in oleate transport. In contrast, the fibroblastic cell lines 3T3-C2 and L929, which do not differentiate, did not express the mRNAs at all stages of culture. The data suggest that FAT and CD36 belong to a family of proteins that bind/transport long-chain fatty acids or function as regulators of these processes.
Cobalt catalysts for the coupling of CO2and epoxides to provide polycarbonates and cyclic carbonates (2011)

This comprehensive tutorial review focuses on well-defined cobalt complexes that serve as homogeneous catalysts for the production of polycarbonates and cyclic carbonates from the coupling of carbon dioxide and epoxides. Special considerations are given to the mechanistic pathways involved in these processes.
Algorithms for supporting compiled communication (2003)

We investigate the compiler algorithms to support compiled communication in multiprocessor environments and study the benefits of compiled communication, assuming that the underlying network is an all-optical time-division-multiplexing (TDM) network. We present an experimental compiler, E-SUIF, that supports compiled communication for High Performance Fortran (HPF) like programs on all-optical TDM networks, and describe and evaluate the compiler algorithms used in E-SUIF. We further demonstrate the effectiveness of compiled communication on all-optical TDM networks by comparing the performance of compiled communication with that of a traditional communication method using a number of application programs.
The pseudo-two-dimensional approach to model the drain section in SOI MOSFETs (2001)

The pseudo-two-dimensional (2-D) approach is extended from traditional bulk-Si devices to silicon-on-insulator (SOI) ones. All the possible scenarios associated with partially- and fully-depleted devices are included in the analysis. The benefits of the pseudo-2-D approach in saturation-region modeling are briefly discussed.
1,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3 acts directly on the T lymphocyte vitamin D receptor to inhibit experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2011)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an incurable autoimmune neurodegenerative disease. Environmental factors may be key to MS prevention and treatment. MS prevalence and severity decrease with increasing sunlight exposure and vitamin D(3) supplies, supporting our hypothesis that the sunlight-dependent hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25-(OH)(2) D(3) ), inhibits autoimmune T-cell responses in MS. Moreover, 1,25-(OH)(2) D(3) inhibits and reverses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an MS model. Here, we investigated whether 1,25-(OH)(2) D(3) inhibits EAE via the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in T lymphocytes. Using bone marrow chimeric mice with a disrupted VDR only in radio-sensitive hematopoietic cells or radio-resistant non-hematopoietic cells, we found that hematopoietic cell VDR function was necessary for 1,25-(OH)(2) D(3) to inhibit EAE. Furthermore, conditional targeting experiments showed that VDR function in T cells was necessary. Neither 1,25-(OH)(2) D(3) nor T-cell-specific VDR targeting influenced CD4(+) Foxp3(+) T-cell proportions in the periphery or the CNS in these studies. These data support a model wherein 1,25-(OH)(2) D(3) acts directly on pathogenic CD4(+) T cells to inhibit EAE.
The inhibitory effect of an arginine bicarbonate/calcium carbonate CaviStat-containing dentifrice on the development of dental caries in Venezuelan school children. (2005)

A CaviStat-containing toothpaste was more effective both clinically and statistically in inhibiting caries initiation and progression than the fluoride toothpaste control, and manifested its effects differently in the already-erupted first molars than in the later-erupting premolars and second molars.
A Novel Insulin Secretagogue Based on a Dinucleoside Polyphosphate Scaffold (2010)

Dinucleoside polyphosphates exert their physiological effects via P2 receptors (P2Rs). They are attractive drug candidates, as they offer better stability and specificity compared to nucleotides, the most common P2 receptor ligands. The activation of pancreatic P2Y receptors by nucleotides increases insulin secretion. Therefore, in the current study, dinucleoside polyphosphate analogues (di-(2-MeS)-adenosine-5',5''-P(1),P(4),alpha,beta-methylene-tetraphosphate), 8, (di-(2-MeS)-adenosine-5',5''-P(1),P(4),beta,gamma-methylene-tetraphosphate), 9, and di-(2-MeS)-adenosine-5',5''-P(1),P(3),alpha,beta-methylene triphosphate, 10, were developed as potential insulin secretagogues. Analogues 8 and 9 were found to be agonists of the P2Y(1)R with EC(50) values of 0.42 and 0.46 microM, respectively, whereas analogue 10 had no activity. Analogues 8-10 were found to be completely resistant to hydrolysis by alkaline phosphatase over 3 h at 37 degrees C. Analogue 8 also was found to be 2.5-fold more stable in human blood serum than ATP, with a half-life of 12.1 h. Analogue 8 administration in rats caused a decrease in a blood glucose load from 155 mg/dL to ca. 100 mg/dL and increased blood insulin levels 4-fold as compared to basal levels. In addition, analogue 8 reduced a blood glucose load to normal values (80-110 mg/dL), unlike the commonly prescribed glibenclamide, which reduced glucose levels below normal values (60 mg/dL). These findings suggest that analogue 8 may prove to be an effective and safe treatment for type 2 diabetes.
Punitive Damages in Negligence Cases: The Conflicting Standards (1995)

In Missouri, punitive damages are awarded for the purpose of inflicting punishment for wrongdoing, and are intended to serve as an example and deterrent to similar conduct. They are distinguished from actual damages, which are awarded to compensate for actual injuries or loss sustained. While prevalent in intentional torts because of malice, Missouri also allows, under certain circumstances, punitive damages to be awarded in negligence cases.' The issue then becomes identification of those certain circumstances. This Note will examine the reasoning and the specific fact situations which have supported punitive damages in negligence cases and then compare the decision in Haynam to this case law.
Extrafollicular B cell activation by marginal zone dendritic cells drives T cell–dependent antibody responses (2012)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are best known for their ability to activate naive T cells, and emerging evidence suggests that distinct DC subsets induce specialized T cell responses. However, little is known concerning the role of DC subsets in the initiation of B cell responses. We report that antigen (Ag) delivery to DC-inhibitory receptor 2 (DCIR2) found on marginal zone (MZ)-associated CD8α(-) DCs in mice leads to robust class-switched antibody (Ab) responses to a T cell-dependent (TD) Ag. DCIR2(+) DCs induced rapid up-regulation of multiple B cell activation markers and changes in chemokine receptor expression, resulting in accumulation of Ag-specific B cells within extrafollicular splenic bridging channels as early as 24 h after immunization. Ag-specific B cells primed by DCIR2(+) DCs were remarkably efficient at driving naive CD4 T cell proliferation, yet DCIR2-induced responses failed to form germinal centers or undergo affinity maturation of serum Ab unless toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 or TLR9 agonists were included at the time of immunization. These results demonstrate DCIR2(+) DCs have a unique capacity to initiate extrafollicular B cell responses to TD Ag, and thus define a novel division of labor among splenic DC subsets for B cell activation during humoral immune responses.
Discovery of 3-Cyclopropylmethyl-7-(4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl)-8-trifluoromethyl[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (JNJ-42153605): A Positive Allosteric Modulator of the Metabotropic Glutamate 2 Receptor (2012)

Advanced leads from a series of 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridines with mGlu2 receptor PAM activity are reported. By modification of the analogous imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine series, the newly reported leads have improved potency, in vitro ADMET, and hERG as well as good in vivo PK profile. The optimization of the series focused on improving metabolic stability while controlling lipophilicity by introducing small modifications to the scaffold substituents. Analysis of this series combined with our previously reported mGlu2 receptor PAMs showed how lipophilic ligand efficiency was improved during the course of the program. Among the best compounds, example 20 (JNJ-42153605) showed a central in vivo efficacy by inhibition of REM sleep state at a dose of 3 mg/kg po in the rat sleep-wake EEG paradigm, a phenomenon shown earlier to be mGlu2 mediated. In mice, compound 20 reversed PCP-induced hyperlocomotion with an ED₅₀ of 5.4 mg/kg sc, indicative of antipsychotic activity.
Expression of the Interferon Tau Inducible Ubiquitin Cross-Reactive Protein in the Ovine Uterus1 (1999)

Ubiquitin cross-reactive protein (UCRP) is a 17-kDa protein that shows cross-reactivity with ubiquitin antisera and retains the carboxyl-terminal Leu-Arg-Gly-Gly amino acid sequence of ubiquitin that ligates to, and directs degradation of, cytosolic proteins. It has been reported that bovine endometrial UCRP is synthesized and secreted in response to conceptus-derived interferon-tau (IFNtau). In the present studies, UCRP mRNA and protein were detected in ovine endometrium. Ovine UCRP mRNA was detectable on Day 13, peaked at Day 15, and remained high through Day 19 of pregnancy. The UCRP mRNA was localized to the luminal epithelium (LE), stromal cells (ST) immediately beneath the LE, and shallow glandular epithelium (GE) on Day 13, but it extended to the deep GE, deep ST, and myometrium of uterine tissues by Day 15 of pregnancy. Western blotting revealed induction of UCRP in the endometrial extracts from pregnant, but not cyclic, ewes. Ovine UCRP was also detected in uterine flushings from Days 15 and 17 of pregnancy and immunoprecipitated from Day 17 pregnant endometrial explant-conditioned medium. Treatment of immortalized ovine LE cells with recombinant ovine (ro) IFNtau induced cytosolic expression of UCRP, and intrauterine injection of roIFNtau into ovariectomized cyclic ewes induced endometrial expression of UCRP mRNA. These results are the first to describe temporal and spatial alterations in the cellular localization of UCRP in the ruminant uterus. Collectively, UCRP is synthesized and secreted by the ovine endometrium in response to IFNtau during early pregnancy. Because UCRP is present in the uterus and uterine flushings, it may regulate endometrial proteins associated with establishment and maintenance of early pregnancy in ruminants.
ChemInform Abstract: Potassium Sodium Tin Selenide, K3NaSn3Se8. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cooperative multi-scale Convolutional Neural Networks for person detection (2016)

Robust person detection is required by many computer vision applications. We present a deep learning approach, that combines three Convolutional Neural Networks to detect people at different scales, which is the first time that a multi-resolution model is combined with deep learning techniques in the pedestrian detection domain. The networks learn features from raw pixel information, which is also rare for pedestrian detection. Due to the use of multiple Convolutional Neural Networks at different scales, the learned features are specific for far, medium, and near scales respectively, and thus, the overall performance is improved. Furthermore, we show, that neural approaches can also be applied successfully for the remaining processing steps of classification and non-maximum suppression. The evaluation on the most popular Caltech pedestrian detection benchmark shows that the proposed method can compete with state of the art methods without using Caltech training data and without fine tuning. Therefore, it is shown that our method generalizes well on domains it is not trained on.
A Controlled Trial with Diclofensine, a New Psychoactive Drug, in the Treatment of Depression (1981)

Diclofensine inhibits the uptake of serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine. In a controlled study, out-patients suffering from moderate to severe depression were treated with the objective of assessing the new drug's therapeutically effective dose range. Maprotiline was used as a reference drug: fourteen patients were assigned to receive diclofensine and thirteen to receive maprotiline in a double-blind design. Depending on tolerance and efficacy, they were treated for periods ranging from 5 to 150 days. Doses were titrated to the optimum. Findings suggest that a 50 mg daily dose of diclofensine would be sufficient for the majority of the patients. The dosage can be safely increased up to 150 mg daily but this offers few therapeutic advantages. While the efficacy index of the two drugs was similar (approximately 60%), they differed greatly in their profile of side-effects. No signs of abrupt dissipation of the achieved clinical effects were observed during continued treatment, and no withdrawal reactions were observed when the treatment was stopped. The new drug may be more effective in treating patients in whom a psycho-energizing and mood alleviating effect is desired.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiac Arrhythmias: Prior Studies and Recommendations for Future Research (2007)

C ompared with prehistoric times, the ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids in the modern diet has increased Ϸ10-fold to 20:1. 1,24][5] This has led to the recommendation by the American Heart Association that all adults eat fatty fish at least 2 times per week and that patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) are advised to consume Ϸ1 g/d of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) combined. 6,7The evidence base is not entirely consistent, and a number of randomized trials have failed to show a protective effect of n-3 PUFAs against arrhythmias. 8 -10 This has led to some uncertainty regarding the appropriate recommendations for their use. 11he present review originates from the Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Their Role in Cardiac Arrhythmogenesis Workshop sponsored by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the Office of Dietary Supplements on August 29 -30, 2005, and includes the findings from the recently published trials.Data from epidemiological studies, randomized clinical trials, animal studies, and basic science mechanistic studies on the role of n-3 PUFAs in arrhythmia prevention are examined.Areas in which the data are conflicting or our current knowledge is lacking are emphasized.