gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
C3a activates the respiratory burst in human polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes via pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins (1994)

In contrast to C5a, which represents a well-established potent activator of the respiratory burst in polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocytes (PMN), the functional role of C3a in the activation of PMN is, so far, poorly understood. Herein, the potential role of human C3a in the activation of the respiratory burst in human PMN was investigated. The release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) of PMN from healthy donors was measured by lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence. C3a dose-dependently induced the production of ROS in human PMN in the range between 10 ng/mL and 1,000 ng/mL, whereas C3a-desArg was inactive. Flow cytometric measurement of H2O2 by dihydrorhodamine-123 labeling of anti-CD16-stained PMN showed that predominantly neutrophilic PMN are responsible for the C3a-induced activation of the respiratory burst. To exclude that C3a stimulation was caused by contamination with C5a, the specificity of C3a-induced activation of PMN was shown using monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs). Accordingly, the effect of C3a was completely abolished in the presence of Fab fragments of a blocking anti-C3a MoAb. In addition, blockade of the C5a receptor by the anti-C5a receptor (anti-C5aR) MoAb, S5/1, totally inhibited the C5a-induced production of ROS, whereas the C3a response in the presence of the anti-C5aR MoAb was unaffected. The specificity of the response was further confirmed by homologous desensitization after restimulation with C3a. In contrast, no cross-desensitization was observed upon stimulation with C5a. The C3a-induced ROS production by PMN was inhibited by pertussis toxin, indicating the involvement of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (Gi proteins) in the signal transduction process initiated by C3a. In addition, stimulation of PMN by C3a resulted in a transient increase in the cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast to C3a-induced ROS production, C3a did not induce a chemotactic response in PMN, indicating functional qualitative differences as compared with C5a. In summary, these results show that C3a is a potent activator of the respiratory burst in human PMN. Therefore, these findings point to a novel role of C3a in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases associated with increased C3a levels and PMN activation.
Megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet production: a review. (1987)

During the past 10-15 years, there has been a rapid expansion in our knowledge about the hematopoietic system which maintains homeostasis of the peripheral blood platelet concentration. This interpretive review attempts to consolidate recent in vitro and in vivo observations into a unified framework. Evidence for a two-level regulatory model of megakaryocytopoiesis is presented and interactions among developmental levels are proposed.
Antioxidant Effects of Some Ginger Constituents (1993)

ABSTRACT The nonvolatile fraction of the dichloromethane extract of ginger rhizomes exhibited a strong antioxidative activity using linoleic acid as the substrate in ethanol‐phosphate buffer solution. The fraction was purified by chromatographic techniques to provide five gingerol related compounds and eight diarylheptanoids. Among them, 12 compounds exhibited higher activity than α‐tocopherol. The activity was probably dependent upon side chain structures and substitution patterns on the benzene ring.
Biomaterials for Mediation of Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents (2003)

Recent events have emphasized the threat from chemical and biological warfare agents. Within the efforts to counter this threat, the biocatalytic destruction and sensing of chemical and biological weapons has become an important area of focus. The specificity and high catalytic rates of biological catalysts make them appropriate for decommissioning nerve agent stockpiles, counteracting nerve agent attacks, and remediation of organophosphate spills. A number of materials have been prepared containing enzymes for the destruction of and protection against organophosphate nerve agents and biological warfare agents. This review discusses the major chemical and biological warfare agents, decontamination methods, and biomaterials that have potential for the preparation of decontamination wipes, gas filters, column packings, protective wear, and self-decontaminating paints and coatings.
Solid surface tension: The interpretation of contact angles by the equation of state approach and the theory of surface tension components (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolid surface tension: The interpretation of contact angles by the equation of state approach and the theory of surface tension componentsJ. K. Spelt, D. R. Absolom, and A. W. NeumannCite this: Langmuir 1986, 2, 5, 620–625Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00071a017https://doi.org/10.1021/la00071a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views884Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Syntheses and Insecticidal Activities of Novel 2,5-Disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles (1996)

A series of novel symmetrical and asymmetrical 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles and their intermediates were synthesized. A convenient procedure for preparation of aromatic nitrile and ester intermediates is reported. The insecticidal activities of oxadiazoles against Dropsophila melanogaster were recorded, and analysis of structure–activity relationships showed that the highest occupied molecular orbital energy (EH) was the main factor to affect the bioactivities.
Piezoelectrically adjustable array for large reflector antenna surface distortion compensation (1997)

A novel piezoelectrically adjustable array of mirrors is proposed for large reflector antenna surface distortion compensation. As compared to the conventional approach with variable phase shifters and amplitude feed array, significantly lower rf loss, mass, and cost reflector antennas can be achieved with this innovative approach. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 14: 221–224, 1997.
Technetium-99m-labeled chemotactic peptides: comparison with indium-111-labeled white blood cells for localizing acute bacterial infection in the rabbit. (1993)

The biodistribution and infection imaging properties of 99mTc-labeled formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanyl-lysyl-hydrazinonicotinamide (99mTc-HP) were compared with 111In-labeled leukocytes (111In-WBCs) in rabbits with E. coli infections. Groups of six animals were co-injected with 1 mCi of 99mTc-HP plus 0.05 mCi of 111In-WBCs and serial scintigrams were acquired from 3 to 6 hr and 18 hr postinjection. After acquiring the final images, the animals were killed and biodistribution was determined. At all imaging times, the distributions of 99mTc-HP and 111In-WBCs were similar and the sites of infection were well visualized with both radiopharmaceuticals. The target (infected muscle) to background (contralateral normal muscle) ratios (T/B) were: 3.38 +/- 0.46, 3.80 +/- 0.37 and 10.87 +/- 1.44 for 99mTc-HP and 1.71 +/- 0.04, 1.81 +/- 0.26 and 3.79 +/- 0.83, for 111In-WBCs at 3, 6 and 18 hr postinjection, respectively. The average ratio of T/B ratios (99mTc-HP-to-111In-WBCs) was 2.99 +/- 1.88, with no value less than unity. T/B ratios calculated from direct tissue sampling were significantly higher for 99mTc-HP than for 111In-WBCs (33.6:1 versus 8.1:1, p < 0.01). These differences were primarily due to increased absolute accumulation of 99mTc-HP (0.102%ID/g versus 0.024%ID/g, p < 0.01) in infected muscle rather than a difference in accumulation in normal skeletal muscle. These results indicate that 99mTc-HP yields target-to-background ratios greater than or equal to those achievable with 111In-WBCs probably as a result of an increase in absolute accumulation at the site of infection.
Percutaneous Angioplasty of Atherosclerotic Carotid Arteries (1991)

Preliminary reports on percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of the internal carotid artery are promising. Our experience on 32 patients with symptomatic carotid stenoses is reviewed here. Successful dilation was obtained in 33 of 35 procedures, with an estimated patency rate of 85% at 1 year. In 3 cases, transient neurologic symptoms occurred within 2 days of angioplasty. Transient neck pain and bradycardia were the most commonly observed complications during carotid dilation. Carotid PTA may be considered as a valid alternative to endarterectomy, at least in selected cases.
Processing analytical queries over encrypted data (2013)

MONOMI is a system for securely executing analytical workloads over sensitive data on an untrusted database server. MONOMI works by encrypting the entire database and running queries over the encrypted data. MONOMI introduces split client/server query execution, which can execute arbitrarily complex queries over encrypted data, as well as several techniques that improve performance for such workloads, including per-row precomputation, space-efficient encryption, grouped homomorphic addition, and pre-filtering. Since these optimizations are good for some queries but not others, MONOMI introduces a designer for choosing an efficient physical design at the server for a given workload, and a planner to choose an efficient execution plan for a given query at runtime. A prototype of MONOMI running on top of Postgres can execute most of the queries from the TPC-H benchmark with a median overhead of only 1.24× (ranging from 1.03×to 2.33×) compared to an un-encrypted Postgres database where a compromised server would reveal all data.
Distinct roles of an alternative sigma factor during both free‐swimming and colonizing phases of the Vibrio cholerae pathogenic cycle (1998)

Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium that causes cholera, has a pathogenic cycle consisting of a free-swimming phase outside its host, and a sessile virulent phase when colonizing the human small intestine. We have cloned the V. cholerae homologue of the rpoN gene (encoding sigma54) and determined its role in the cholera pathogenic cycle by constructing an rpoN null mutant. The V. cholerae rpoN mutant is non-motile; examination of this mutant by electron microscopy revealed that it lacks a flagellum. In addition to flagellar synthesis, sigma54 is involved in glutamine synthetase expression. Moreover, the rpoN mutant is defective for colonization in an infant mouse model of cholera. We present evidence that the colonization defect is distinct from the non-motile and Gln phenotypes of the rpoN mutant, implicating multiple and distinct roles of sigma54 during the V. cholerae pathogenic cycle. RNA polymerase containing sigma54 (sigma54-holoenzyme) has an absolute requirement for an activator protein to initiate transcription. We have identified three regulatory genes, flrABC (flagellar regulatory proteins ABC) that are additionally required for flagellar synthesis. The flrA and flrC gene products are sigma54-activators and form a flagellar transcription cascade. flrA and flrC mutants are also defective for colonization; this phenotype is probably independent of non-motility. An flrC constitutive mutation (M114-->I) was isolated that is independent of its cognate kinase FlrB. Expression of the constitutive FlrCM114-->I from the cholera toxin promoter resulted in a change in cell morphology, implicating involvement of FlrC in cell division. Thus, sigma54 holoenzyme, FlrA and FlrC transcribe genes for flagellar synthesis and possibly cell division during the free-swimming phase of the V. cholerae life cycle, and some as yet unidentified gene(s) that aid colonization within the host.
Distribution of a novel 57 kDa intermediate filament (IF) protein in the nervous system (1988)

A 57 kDa protein, that is not vimentin, is the major component of intermediate filaments (IF) obtained after 2 cycles of in vitro assembly from PC12 cells (Parysek and Goldman, 1987). By use of an antiserum to the 57 kDa protein, a cross-reacting antigen (of identical molecular weight) was detected on immunoblots of IF preparations and by immunofluorescence of various rat tissues. Immunolocalization studies on 3-4 micron frozen sections of tongue, small intestine, and adrenal gland showed bright labeling of nerve bundles and fine-caliber nerve fibers. The chromaffin cells and ganglion cells of the adrenal medulla also were labeled. In the nervous system, intense labeling was seen in small-caliber nerve fibers in sciatic nerve and spinal cord dorsal roots, as well as in the dorsal white columns and dorsal root ganglia. Of the ganglion cells, preferential labeling was seen in small-sized ganglion cells, whereas a monoclonal antibody to the 150 and 200 kDa neurofilament triplet (NFT) components labeled the large-sized ganglion cells. In the areas of the brain thus far examined with 57 kDa antiserum, there was labeling of components of cranial nerves and labeling of thin fibers in several areas, including the granular layer of the cerebellum and the corticospinal tract in the brain stem. For each tissue, adjacent sections treated with vimentin or glial fibrillary acidic protein antibody revealed labeling patterns distinct from that seen with either the 57 kDa or NFT antibodies. These results indicate that the 57 kDa IF protein is a neural IF component. Furthermore, this protein is distributed in only certain neuronal elements; these elements may be unified by an as yet unrecognized pattern of function in the nervous system.
Polarographic and Spectrophotometric Investigation of Iron(III) Complexation to 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine-Containing Peptides and Proteins from Mytilus edulis (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolarographic and Spectrophotometric Investigation of Iron(III) Complexation to 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine-Containing Peptides and Proteins from Mytilus edulisSteven W. Taylor, George W. Luther III, and J. Herbert WaiteCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 25, 5819–5824Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00103a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00103a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1004Altmetric-Citations145LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Prognostic value of nuclear survivin expression in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (2003)

Survivin, a new member of the family of apoptosis inhibitors, is expressed almost exclusively in proliferating cells, above all in cancers. Subcellular localisation and prognostic implications of the survivin protein have not yet been determined in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The survival of 84 patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas was correlated with the extent of immunohistochemical survivin expression in tumour cell nuclei. Tumours were scored positive when >5% cells stained positive. Patients were followed up for at least 5 years or until death. In normal oesophageal squamous cell epithelium, some cytoplasmic survivin expression was detected in the basal cells, whereas proliferating cells showed nuclear staining of survivin. Nuclear expression of survivin was also detected in 67 cancers (80%). The mean survival for patients of this group (28 months, range 20-36) was significantly less than that for patients without survivin expression in the tumour cell nuclei (108 months, range 62-154, P=0.003). Using univariate analysis, nuclear survivin expression (P=0.003), tumour depth (P=0.001), lymph node metastasis (P=0.003) and stage (P<0.001) were the best predictors of survival. In contrast, cytoplasmic survivin staining was noted in 53 (63%) tumours and had no prognostic relevance. In conclusion, the analysis of nuclear survivin expression identifies subgroups in oesophageal squamous cell cancer with favourable (survivin(-)) or with poor prognosis (survivin(+)). We suggest that the determination of nuclear survivin expression could be used to individualise therapeutic strategies in oesophageal squamous cell cancer in the future.
SELF-ASSEMBLY BEHAVIOUR OF HYALURONIC ACID ON MICA BY ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY (2004)

Self-assemblied fibriform feature,three-dimensional network and dendritic structure of hyaluronic acid on mica were observed by non-contact mode atomic force microscopy at room termperature and air condition. The diameter of the fibre varies between 80 nm~120 nm. As for the dendritic structure, each single branch is composed of nanoparticles with a diameter varying from 45 nm to 95 nm. The three-dimensional network and dendritic structure which is fully self-simulated and universal in nature bring a very novel angel to understand the function of hyaluronic acid from the point of view of fractal. The dendritic feature, a very representative model of the diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) model of fractal, and three-dimensional network may be endowed with the hyaluronic acid maximal efficiency to accomplish its functions.
Aging and Immortality: Quasi-Programmed Senescence and Its Pharmacologic Inhibition (2006)

While ruling out programmed aging, evolutionary theory predicts a quasi-program for aging, a continuation of the developmental program that is not turned off, is constantly on, becoming hyper-functional and damaging, causing diseases of aging. Could it be switched off pharmacologically? This would require identification of a molecular target involved in cell senescence, organism aging and diseases of aging. Notably, cell senescence is associated with activation of the TOR (target of rapamycin) nutrient- and mitogen-sensing pathway, which promotes cell growth, even though cell cycle is blocked. Is TOR involved in organism aging? In fact, in yeast (where the cell is the organism), caloric restriction, rapamycin and mutations that inhibit TOR all slow down aging. In animals from worms to mammals caloric restrictions, life-extending agents, and numerous mutations that increase longevity all converge on the TOR pathway. And, in humans, cell hypertrophy, hyper-function and hyperplasia, typically associated with activation of TOR, contribute to diseases of aging. Theoretical and clinical considerations suggest that rapamycin may be effective against atherosclerosis, hypertension and hyper-coagulation (thus, preventing myocardial infarction and stroke), osteoporosis, cancer, autoimmune diseases and arthritis, obesity, diabetes, macula-degeneration, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Finally, I discuss that extended life span will reveal new causes for aging (e.g., ROS, 'wear and tear', Hayflick limit, stem cell exhaustion) that play a limited role now, when quasi-programmed senescence kills us first.
DoDOM: Leveraging DOM Invariants for Web 2.0 Application Robustness Testing (2010)

Web 2.0 applications are increasing in popularity. However, they are also prone to errors because of their dynamic nature. This paper presents DoDOM, an automated system for testing the robustness of Web 2.0 applications based on their Document Object Models (DOMs). DoDOM repeatedly executes the application under a trace of recorded user actions and observes the client-side behavior of the application in terms of its DOM structure. Based on the observations, DoDOM extracts a set of invariants on the web application's DOM structure. We show that invariants exist for real applications and can be learned within a reasonable number of executions. We further use fault-injection experiments to demonstrate the uses of the invariants in detecting errors in web applications. The invariants are found to provide high coverage in detecting errors that impact the DOM, with a low rate of false positives.
A Strategy for the Synthesis of Sulfated Peptides (2002)

Reversible blockage of the tyrosine phenol group leads to an efficient solid-phase strategy for the synthesis of sulfated peptides using an azidomethyl (Azm) protected tyrosine building block (1). The protected tyrosine derivative is compatible with standard conditions for amide-bond formation. A monosulfated and a trisulfated octapeptide fragment were assembled using this strategy. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2002/z19013_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Efficient Hash Probes on Modern Processors (2007)

Bucketized versions of Cuckoo hashing can achieve 95-99% occupancy, without any space overhead for pointers or other structures. However, such methods typically need to consult multiple hash buckets per probe, and have therefore been seen as having worse probe performance than conventional techniques for large tables. We consider workloads typical of database and stream processing, in which keys and payloads are small, and in which a large number of probes are processed in bulk. We show how to improve probe performance by (a) eliminating branch instructions from the probe code, enabling better scheduling and latency-hiding by modern processors, and (b) using SIMD instructions to process multiple keys/payloads in parallel. We show that on modern architectures, probes to a bucketized Cuckoo hash table can be processed much faster than conventional hash table probes, for both small and large memory-resident tables. On a Pentium 4, a probe is two to four times faster, while on the Cell SPE processor a probe is ten times faster.