gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of a novel antiapoptosis gene, survivin, correlated with tumor cell apoptosis and p53 accumulation in gastric carcinomas. (1998)

A novel inhibitor of apoptosis designated survivin has recently been found in many common human cancers but not in normal tissues. A potential distribution of survivin in gastric cancer and its implication for apoptosis inhibition have been investigated. Recombinant survivin expressed in Escherichia coli as a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein was used to raise a novel panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies. In an immunohistochemical analysis of 174 cases of gastric carcinomas (stages I-III), anti-survivin monoclonal antibody 8E2 (IgG1) reacted with 34.5% of cases (60 of 174 cases) with a variable number of tumor cells stained (20-100%). In contrast, no expression of survivin in neighboring normal tissues was observed. When stratified for p53 and bcl-2 expression and apoptotic index, the expression of survivin significantly segregated with p53- and bcl-2-positive cases [56.1 versus 15.2% (P = 0.001) and 69.2 versus 31.6% (P = 0.006), respectively] and with a decreased apoptotic index as compared with that of survivin-negative tumors (0.97 +/- 0.64 versus 0.62 +/- 0.39%, P < 0.001). These data identify a role for survivin in promoting aberrantly increased cell viability in gastric cancer and suggest a potential correlation between accumulated p53 and survivin expression in neoplasia.
Immunization with aPseudomonas aeruginosa1244 Pilin Provides O-Antigen-Specific Protection (2008)

The O antigen is both a major structural outer membrane component and the dominant epitope of most gram-negative bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1244 produces a type IV pilus and covalently links an O-antigen repeating unit to each pilin monomer. Here we show that immunization of mice with pure pilin from strain 1244 by use of either the mouse respiratory model or the thermal injury model resulted in protection from challenge with a pilus-null O-antigen-producing 1244 mutant. These results provide evidence that the pilin glycan stimulates a protective response that targets the O antigen, suggesting that this system could be used as the basis for the development of a variety of bioconjugate vaccines protective against gram-negative bacteria.
Sensitization of Cancer Cells Treated With Cytotoxic Drugs to Fas-Mediated Cytotoxicity (1997)

In addition to their direct cytotoxic effects, chemotherapeutic drugs sensitize tumor cells to Fas-mediated cytotoxicity and Fas-dependent immune clearance. On the basis of these findings, new strategies might be developed to improve the efficacy of these drugs.
Partial purification and characterization of human megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor (Meg-CSF) (1990)

Megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor (Meg-CSF) in urinary extracts from patients with aplastic anemia was partially characterized and purified. Using Meg-CSF-enriched fractions, we established that the moiety has the following characteristics: 1) portions of the molecules having Meg-CSF activity have sialic acid, probably with a biantennary structure, and beta-galactose residues as the terminal and penultimate sugars; 2) disulfide residues are an essential chemical group of the molecule and are located on its surface; and 3) Meg-CSF activity is stable in n-propanol, but not in acetonitrile with trifluoroacetic acid. Partial purification of Meg-CSF by a four-step procedure of ethanol precipitation, CM Affi-Gel Blue chromatography, wheat germ agglutinin-sepharose chromatography, and high-resolution hydroxyapatite chromatography, yielded a concentrate with a 430- to 630-fold increase in specific activity. The partially purified Meg-CSF fractions stimulated both human and murine megakaryocytopoiesis in vitro (CFU-meg). When analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nonreduced conditions, Meg-CSF activity was recovered in the 29-34 kDa molecular weight fractions. We have also shown that Meg-CSF, purified from the urine of aplastic anemia patients, stimulated murine megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet production in vivo. Final purification of human urinary Meg-CSF is currently in progress.
Characterization of the Importance of Polysaccharide Intercellular Adhesin/Hemagglutinin ofStaphylococcus epidermidisin the Pathogenesis of Biomaterial-Based Infection in a Mouse Foreign Body Infection Model (1999)

The production of biofilm is thought to be crucial in the pathogenesis of prosthetic-device infections caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis. An experimental animal model was used to assess the importance of biofilm production, which is mediated by polysaccharide intercellular adhesin/hemagglutinin (PIA/HA), in the pathogenesis of a biomaterial-based infection. Mice were inoculated along the length of a subcutaneously implanted intravenous catheter with either wild-type S. epidermidis 1457 or its isogenic PIA/HA-negative mutant. The wild-type strain was significantly more likely to cause a subcutaneous abscess than the mutant strain (P < 0.01) and was significantly less likely to be eradicated from the inoculation site by host defense (P < 0.05). In addition, the wild-type strain was found to adhere to the implanted catheters more abundantly than the PIA/HA-negative mutant (P < 0.05). The reliability of the adherence assay was assessed by scanning electron microscopy. To exclude contamination or spontaneous infection, bacterial strains recovered from the experimental animals were compared to inoculation strains by analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. In vitro binding of the wild-type strain and its isogenic mutant to a fibronectin-coated surface was similar. These results confirm the importance of biofilm production, mediated by PIA/HA, in the pathogenesis of S. epidermidis experimental foreign body infection.
Short Fibrils Constitute the Major Species of Seed-Competent Tau in the Brains of Mice Transgenic for Human P301S Tau (2016)

The interneuronal propagation of aggregated tau is believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of human tauopathies. It requires the uptake of seed-competent tau into cells, seeding of soluble tau in recipient neurons and release of seeded tau into the extracellular space to complete the cycle. At present, it is not known which tau species are seed-competent. Here, we have dissected the molecular characteristics of seed-competent tau species from the TgP301S tau mouse model using various biochemical techniques and assessed their seeding ability in cell and animal models. We found that sucrose gradient fractions from brain lysates seeded cellular tau aggregation only when large (>10 mer) aggregated, hyperphosphorylated (AT8- and AT100-positive) and nitrated tau was present. In contrast, there was no detectable seeding by fractions containing small, oligomeric (<6 mer) tau. Immunodepletion of the large aggregated AT8-positive tau strongly reduced seeding; moreover, fractions containing these species initiated the formation and spreading of filamentous tau pathology in vivo, whereas fractions containing tau monomers and small oligomeric assemblies did not. By electron microscopy, seed-competent sucrose gradient fractions contained aggregated tau species ranging from ring-like structures to small filaments. Together, these findings indicate that a range of filamentous tau aggregates are the major species that underlie the spreading of tau pathology in the P301S transgenic model. Significance statement: The spread of tau pathology from neuron to neuron is postulated to account for, or at least to contribute to, the overall propagation of tau pathology during the development of human tauopathies including Alzheimer's disease. It is therefore important to characterize the native tau species responsible for this process of seeding and pathology spreading. Here, we use several biochemical techniques to dissect the molecular characteristics of native tau protein conformers from TgP301S tau mice and show that seed-competent tau species comprise small fibrils capable of seeding tau pathology in cell and animal models. Characterization of seed-competent tau gives insight into disease mechanisms and therapeutic interventions.
Secondary-structure matching (SSM), a new tool for fast protein structure alignment in three dimensions (2004)

The present paper describes the SSM algorithm of protein structure comparison in three dimensions, which includes an original procedure of matching graphs built on the protein's secondary-structure elements, followed by an iterative three-dimensional alignment of protein backbone Calpha atoms. The SSM results are compared with those obtained from other protein comparison servers, and the advantages and disadvantages of different scores that are used for structure recognition are discussed. A new score, balancing the r.m.s.d. and alignment length Nalign, is proposed. It is found that different servers agree reasonably well on the new score, while showing considerable differences in r.m.s.d. and Nalign.
Properties of two calcium‐activated hyperpolarizations in rat hippocampal neurones. (1987)

1. Intracellular recording from hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells in the slice preparation was used to analyse the pharmacological sensitivity of action potential repolarization and the hyperpolarizations that follow the action potential. The Ca2+-activated after-hyperpolarizations (a.h.p.s) could be divided into a fast a.h.p. with a time course of milliseconds, and a slow a.h.p. which lasted for a few seconds at a temperature of 30 degrees C. 2. The repolarization of the action potential is sensitive to the Ca2+ channel blocker Cd2+. This effect is simultaneous with a block of the fast a.h.p. which follows immediately upon the repolarization of the action potential. The slow a.h.p. was also blocked by Cd2+. 3. Low concentrations of the K+ channel blocker, tetraethylammonium (TEA; 200-500 microM), block the fast a.h.p. and slow down action potential repolarization. The slow a.h.p. was not affected by low concentrations of TEA. 4. The action potential repolarization and the fast a.h.p. are also reversibly sensitive to charybdotoxin. This agent had no effect on the slow a.h.p. 5. When EGTA or BAPTA were added to the normal recording electrolyte (KMeSO4), the generation of slow a.h.p.s was prevented. In addition, cells impaled with BAPTA-containing electrodes displayed broader action potentials and much reduced fast a.h.p.s compared to recordings made with electrodes containing KMeSO4 alone or with EGTA. 6. The slow a.h.p. can be eliminated by noradrenaline, 8-bromocyclic AMP or carbachol. Under these conditions there are no effects on the fast a.h.p. or on action potential duration. 7. Block of the fast a.h.p. with TEA or CTX (charybdotoxin) is associated with an increased frequency of the first few action potentials during a depolarization. This is a quite distinct effect from the greatly increased number of action potentials which results from block of the slow a.h.p. 8. The results support a conclusion that the fast a.h.p. is generated by the TEA- and voltage-sensitive Ca2+-activated K+ current, IC. This current is involved in spike repolarization and turns off upon the return to resting potential. Thus block of IC has no effect on the slow a.h.p. which is caused by a separate membrane current.
Solution Conformation of the Extracellular Domain of the Human Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Probed by Raman and UV-Resonance Raman Spectroscopy: Structural Effects of an Engineered PEG Linker (1995)

The solution structure of the Escherichia coli-expressed extracellular domain, residues 12-172, of the human 55 kDa type I tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) has been probed by Raman (514.5 nm) and ultraviolet-resonance Raman (244 nm) excitations. The Raman spectra have been collected from both the free TNFR domain and an engineered "dumbbell-like" derivative, consisting of two mutant receptor moieties linked by a 20 kDa polyethylene glycol (PEG) tether. The results demonstrate a TNFR secondary structure which is rich in beta-sheet and deficient in alpha-helix, consistent with the reported X-ray crystal structure of baculovirus expressed receptor complexed with factor beta [Banner, D. W., D'Arcy, A., Janes, W., Gentz, R., Schoenfeld, H.-J., Broger, C., Loetscher, H., & Lesslauer, W. (1993) Cell 73, 431-445]. Conversely, the solution structure of TNFR differs from the crystal structure in its distribution of disulfide rotamers and in the orientation of its unique indole side chain (tryptophan-107). These differences are attributed, respectively, to N-terminal truncation and factor binding in the TNFR crystal structure. The tryptophan configuration, which is easily monitored in both Raman and UVRR spectra, is proposed as a potential signal of receptor/factor recognition and binding. Application of the Raman probes to the engineered TNFR dumbbell, which is of interest as a potential therapeutic, shows that TNFR moieties of the dumbbell exhibit secondary structures and side chain environments which are indistinguishable from those of the native, wild-type moiety. The results suggest that the PEGylated dumbbell may function as an effective TNFR drug delivery system without the consequence of a deleterious antigenic response.
Production, characterization and control of MenB-vaccine "Folkehelsa": an outer membrane vesicle vaccine against group B meningococcal disease. (1991)

A vaccine against serogroup B meningococcal disease has been prepared from a B:15:P1.7,16 meningococcal strain (44/76) by fermentor growth and extraction of the bacteria with the detergent deoxycholate. Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) were purified by ultracentrifugation and adsorbed to aluminium hydroxide adjuvant. OMV contained the major class 1, 3, 4 and 5 proteins and some minor high molecular weight protein components. Relative to protein, the vaccine also contained about 8% phospholipid, 7% lipopolysaccharide and 16% deoxycholate. The product was generally non-pyrogenic to humans in ordinary doses and was highly immunogenic in mice and humans. Production and control steps, physical, chemical and immunological data for the vaccine are described.
EU FP7 INFSO-ICT-317669 METIS, D2.4 Proposed solutions for new radio access (2015)

This deliverable represents the final report on the METIS radio link research. It provides a comprehensive and self-contained summary of all investigated technology components (TeCs), including evaluation results and conclusions on their potential for 5G. The METIS radio link research covers three main areas, which are considered key aspects for developing a self-contained air interface design for 5G: 1) Flexible air interface, 2) Waveforms, coding &amp; modulation and transceiver design and 3) Multiple access, Medium Access Control (MAC) and Radio Resource Management (RRM). TeCs with similar research context and objectives have been grouped into clusters, whereof five have been selected as the most promising for 5G systems: From research area 1, TeC clusters providing key enablers for an air interface for ultra-dense networks (UDN) and for moving networks; from research area 2, multi-carrier transmission schemes with filtering; and from research area 3, novel access schemes for massive machine access as well as for non-orthogonal access.
A roadmap for rapid decarbonization (2017)

Emissions inevitably approach zero with a “carbon law”
Structure of the saccharide-binding domain of the human natural killer cell inhibitory receptor p75/AIRM1 (2004)

The high-resolution crystal structure of the functional N-terminal domain from the extracellular region of the human natural killer cell inhibitory receptor p75/AIRM1 or Siglec-7 has been determined at 1.45 A resolution; it was obtained from a crystal belonging to a primitive monoclinic space group, with unit-cell parameters a = 32.65, b = 49.72, c = 39.79 A, alpha = gamma = 90, beta = 113 degrees. The structure reported here belongs to a different space group than the previously described Siglec-7 structure and was obtained using a bacterial expression system. The structure unveils the fine structural requirements adopted by a natural killer cell inhibitory receptor of the Siglec family in target-cell recognition and binding.
A system for test of multiaccess methods based on OFDM (2002)

There are several methods developed to deal with time dispersion on a radio channel. One of the methods, OFDM ("orthogonal frequency division multiplexing"), has only been used for broadcasting of digital radio and television and has not previously been used in a multiaccess environment. As OFDM seems to be an attractive alternative to CDMA and TDMA, the authors investigate some methods to make it usable in a multiaccess system. In the downlinks (base to mobile) a transmission scheme, similar to that used in an ordinary broadcasting system, could be used. For the uplinks however, one can not expect the perfect synchronization needed to get the orthogonal carriers necessary for normal OFDM signalling. The authors present a hardware radio system which currently is being developed to test different approaches for multiaccess OFDM. The system will provide a reconfigure tool for the implementation of different synchronization methods, user multiplexing approaches and detection strategies. The system will be built around VME based SUN Sparc stations. The signal processing will be performed by dedicated FFT processors, general purpose digital signal processors and standard ICs for other time critical tasks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses in Type 1 Diabetic Patients Participating in a Phase III GAD-alum Intervention Trial (2013)

Both 2D and 4D patients displayed GAD65-specifc cellular and humoral effects after GAD-alum treatment, but at different time points and magnitudes. No specific immune markers could be associated with treatment efficacy.
Junction Field Effect on the Retention Time for One-Transistor Floating-Body RAM (2012)

One-transistor floating-body random access memory retention time distribution is investigated on silicon-on-insulator UTBOX devices. It is shown that the average retention time can be improved by two to three orders of magnitude by reducing the body–junction electric field. However, the retention time distribution, which is mainly caused by the generation–recombination center density variation, remains similar.
Entry of the vaccinia virus intracellular mature virion and its interactions with glycosaminoglycans (2005)

Vaccinia virus (VACV) produces two distinct enveloped virions, the intracellular mature virus (IMV) and the extracellular enveloped virus (EEV), but the entry mechanism of neither virion is understood. Here, the binding and entry of IMV particles have been investigated. The cell receptors for IMV are unknown, but it was proposed that IMV can bind to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on the cell surface and three IMV surface proteins have been implicated in this. In this study, the effect of soluble GAGs on IMV infectivity was reinvestigated and it was demonstrated that GAGs affected IMV infectivity partially in some cells, but not at all in others. Therefore, binding of IMV to GAGs is cell type-specific and not essential for IMV entry. By using electron microscopy, it is demonstrated that IMV from strains Western Reserve and modified virus Ankara enter cells by fusion with the plasma membrane. After an IMV particle bound to the cell, the IMV membrane fused with the plasma membrane and released the virus core into the cytoplasm. IMV surface antigen became incorporated into the plasma membrane and was not left outside the cell, as claimed in previous studies. Continuity between the IMV membrane and the plasma membrane was confirmed by tilt-series analysis to orientate membranes perpendicularly to the beam of the electron microscope. This analysis shows unequivocally that IMV is surrounded by a single lipid membrane and enters by fusion at the cell surface.
The Impact of Genomics in Understanding Human Melanoma Progression and Metastasis (2008)

High-throughput gene expression analysis has had a major impact in melanoma research. Several gene expression platforms have provided insight into the gene expression patterns in melanoma. Such data will provide the foundations for the future development of prognostic markers and improved targeted therapies for patients with melanoma.
Synthesis of 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl-protected N-alkyl amino acids by reduction of oxazolidinones (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl-protected N-alkyl amino acids by reduction of oxazolidinonesRoger M. Freidinger, Jeffery S. Hinkle, and Debra S. PerlowCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 1, 77–81Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00149a016RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2461Altmetric-Citations155LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
High expression of lactotriaosylceramide, a differentiation-associated glycosphingolipid, in the bone marrow of acute myeloid leukemia patients (2012)

Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are information-bearing biomolecules that play critical roles in embryonic development, signal transduction and carcinogenesis. Previous studies indicate that certain GSLs are associated with differentiation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. In this study, we collected bone marrow samples from healthy donors and AML patients and analyzed the GSL expression profiles comprehensively using electrospray ionization linear ion-trap mass spectrometry. The results showed that AML patients had higher expression of the GSL lactotriaosylceramide (Lc3), GM3 and neolactotetraosylceramide (nLc4) in their bone marrow than did the healthy donors (P < 0.05), especially the M1 subtype of AML. To further explore the molecular mechanisms of Lc3, we examined the expression of the Lc3 synthase β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase5 (β3Gn-T5) and found that the bone marrow samples of AML patients had 16-fold higher expression of β3Gn-T5 than those of healthy donors (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that AML-associated GSLs Lc3, GM3 and nLc4 are possibly involved in initiation and differentiation of AML.