gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of core antigen (p24) assay and reverse transcriptase activity for detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication (1989)

This report compares two assay systems for monitoring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication in peripheral blood leukocyte cultures. A commercial enzyme-linked immunoassay detected core antigen (p24) in 80% of cell cultures from HIV-seropositive individuals, whereas 67% of the cell cultures produced detectable levels of reverse transcriptase activity. There were clearly three patterns of reverse transcriptase activity produced, two of which may evade detection without regular sampling and maintaining cell cultures for more than 4 weeks. Once established, core antigen levels remained high so that cell cultures could be confidently monitored by an intermittent screening regimen.
Case 30-1997 (1997)

Presentation of CaseAn 18-day-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of a left pneumothorax and cystic changes in the left lung.The infant was a triplet, born by cesarean section to a 36-year-old mother after a 32-week gestation. The Apgar score was 9 at one and five minutes, and the birth weight was 1535 g (40th percentile for gestational age). The patient had mild respiratory distress and required nasal continuous positive airway pressure for two days. The findings on a radiograph of the chest were compatible with mild respiratory distress syndrome. Theophylline was given for periodic apnea and . . .
A simple consensus approach improves somatic mutation prediction accuracy (2013)

Differentiating true somatic mutations from artifacts in massively parallel sequencing data is an immense challenge. To develop methods for optimal somatic mutation detection and to identify factors influencing somatic mutation prediction accuracy, we validated predictions from three somatic mutation detection algorithms, MuTect, JointSNVMix2 and SomaticSniper, by Sanger sequencing. Full consensus predictions had a validation rate of >98%, but some partial consensus predictions validated too. In cases of partial consensus, read depth and mapping quality data, along with additional prediction methods, aided in removing inaccurate predictions. Our consensus approach is fast, flexible and provides a high-confidence list of putative somatic mutations.
Substrate specificities of rat liver microsomal glucosidases which process glycoproteins. (1980)

The substrate specificities of rat liver microsomal glucosidases I and II, which hydrolyze oligosaccharides of the composition Glc3-1Man9GlcNAc, were investigated. Glucosidases I and II were shown to have a specific and necessary interaction with the 6'-pentamannosyl branch of their oligosaccharide substrates; activity was reduced when mannose residues were removed from this branch. Both glucosidases responded to features at the reducing end of the oligosaccharide substrates; activity was lower towards lipid-linked and peptide-linked substrates than towards free oligosaccharide substrates. In addition, the glucosidases appeared to discriminate between oligosaccharides linked to lipid and oligosaccharides linked to peptide. We conclude that rat liver microsomal glucosidases I and II interact with extensive portions of oligosaccharide structure in addition to the glucose residues which they hydrolyze.
Experimental characterization of a new class of polymeric-wire coiled transducers. (2015)

The recent discovery of a new kind of thermo-active coiled polymeric wires has opened new perspectives for the implementation of a novel class of actuators that can be easily and effectively manufactured using low-cost materials such as sewing threads or finishing lines. These new devices feature large displacements in response to temperature variations and show very promising performance in terms of energy and power densities. With the aim of providing information and data useful for the future engineering applications of polymeric coiled actuators, a custom experimental test-bench and procedure have been developed and employed to characterise their thermo-mechanical response. Such a test-bench has been designed to run isothermal and isometric tensile tests on a set of sample actuators that are fabricated with a repeatable process. This paper provides technical details on the manufacturing process of such sample actuators and on the design and operation of the test-bench. Preliminary experimental results are finally reported.
Targeted Delivery of Radiolabeled Imaging and Therapeutic Agents: Bifunctional Radiopharmaceuticals (1999)

Clinical application of radioactive diagnostic and therapeutic agents constitutes one of the great advances in noninvasive medicine, nuclear medicine. The radioactive agents used in the nuclear medical field are called "radiopharmaceuticals," and are required to exhibit high and specific localization of radioactivity into target tissue. Among radionuclides used in radiopharmaceuticals, radiometals such as 99mTc and (111)In have received much attention because of their nuclear physical characteristics and widespread availability. However, since these metallic elements are not constituents of bioactive molecules, they cannot simply replace common constituent atoms in biologically interesting compounds. Thus, demand for biospecific radiopharmaceuticals constitutes a great challenge in rational design of biologically active molecules labeled with metallic radionuclides, and evolves into a generation of bifunctional radiopharmaceuticals. Molecules contain both a biologically active site and a chelating group for binding the metallic radionuclide in which attachment of a chelating group does not affect the inherent biospecificity of the mother compound. This paper describes recent progress in research of macro- and small-molecular bifunctional radiopharmaceuticals for targeted diagnosis and therapy.
9-(6-Deoxyhexofuranosyl)adenine nucleosides. Further studies on the acetolysis of hexofuranosides (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT9-(6-Deoxyhexofuranosyl)adenine nucleosides. Further studies on the acetolysis of hexofuranosidesLeon M. LernerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 5, 962–965Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00399a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00399a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views64Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Construction of self-recognizing regulatory T cells from conventional T cells by controlling CTLA-4 and IL-2 expression (2013)

Thymus-produced CD4(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells, which specifically express the transcription factor forkhead box p3, are potently immunosuppressive and characteristically possess a self-reactive T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. To determine the molecular basis of Treg suppressive activity and their self-skewed TCR repertoire formation, we attempted to reconstruct these Treg-specific properties in conventional T (Tconv) cells by genetic manipulation. We show that Tconv cells rendered IL-2 deficient and constitutively expressing transgenic cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) were potently suppressive in vitro when they were preactivated by antigenic stimulation. They also suppressed in vivo inflammatory bowel disease and systemic autoimmunity/inflammation produced by Treg deficiency. In addition, in the thymus, transgenic CTLA-4 expression in developing Tconv cells skewed their TCR repertoire toward higher self-reactivity, whereas CTLA-4 deficiency specifically in developing thymic Treg cells cancelled their physiological TCR self-skewing. The extracellular portion of CTLA-4 was sufficient for the suppression and repertoire shifting. It interfered with CD28 signaling to responder Tconv cells via outcompeting CD28 for binding to CD80 and CD86,or modulating CD80/CD86 expression on antigen-presenting cells. Thus, a triad of IL-2 repression, CTLA-4 expression, and antigenic stimulation is a minimalistic requirement for conferring Treg-like suppressive activity on Tconv cells, in accordance with the function of forkhead box p3 to strongly repress IL-2 and maintain CTLA-4 expression in natural Treg cells. Moreover, CTLA-4 expression is a key element for the formation of a self-reactive TCR repertoire in natural Treg cells. These findings can be exploited to control immune responses by targeting IL-2 and CTLA-4 in Treg and Tconv cells.
Purification and Properties of Fructosyl Lysine Oxidase fromFusarium oxysporumS-1F4 (1995)

Fructosyl lysine oxidase (FLOD) was examined for its use in the enzymatic measurement of the level of glycated albumin in blood serum. To isolate microorganisms having such an enzyme activity, we used N epsilon-fructosyl N alpha-Z-lysine (epsilon-FL) as a sole nitrogen source in the enrichment culture medium. The isolated fungus, strain S-1F4, showed a high FLOD activity in the cell-free extract and was identified as Fusarium oxysporum. FLOD was purified to an apparent homogeneity on SDS-PAGE. The molecular mass of the subunit was 50 kDa on SDS-PAGE and seemed to exist in a monomeric form. The enzyme had an absorption spectrum characteristic of a flavoprotein and the flavin was found to be covalently bound to the enzyme. The enzyme acted against N epsilon-fructosyl N alpha-Z-lysine and N alpha-fructosyl N epsilon-Z-lysine and showed specificity for fructosyl lysine residues.
TetraMabs: simultaneous targeting of four oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases for tumor growth inhibition in heterogeneous tumor cell populations (2016)

Monoclonal antibody-based targeted tumor therapy has greatly improved treatment options for patients. Antibodies against oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), especially the ErbB receptor family, are prominent examples. However, long-term efficacy of such antibodies is limited by resistance mechanisms. Tumor evasion by a priori or acquired activation of other kinases is often causative for this phenomenon. These findings led to an increasing number of combination approaches either within a protein family, e.g. the ErbB family or by targeting RTKs of different phylogenetic origin like HER1 and cMet or HER1 and IGF1R. Progress in antibody engineering technology enabled generation of clinical grade bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) to design drugs inherently addressing such resistance mechanisms. Limited data are available on multi-specific antibodies targeting three or more RTKs. In the present study, we have evaluated the cloning, eukaryotic expression and purification of tetraspecific, tetravalent Fc-containing antibodies targeting HER3, cMet, HER1 and IGF1R. The antibodies are based on the combination of single-chain Fab and Fv fragments in an IgG1 antibody format enhanced by the knob-into-hole technology. They are non-agonistic and inhibit tumor cell growth comparable to the combination of four parental antibodies. Importantly, TetraMabs show improved apoptosis induction and tumor growth inhibition over individual monospecific or BsAbs in cellular assays. In addition, a mimicry assay to reflect heterogeneous expression of antigens in a tumor mass was established. With this novel in vitro assay, we can demonstrate the superiority of a tetraspecific antibody to bispecific tumor antigen-binding antibodies in early pre-clinical development.
Adverse drug reactions to azathioprine therapy are associated with polymorphism in the gene encoding inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPase) (2004)

Adverse drug reactions to azathioprine (AZA), the pro-drug of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), occur in 15% to 28% of patients and the majority are not explained by thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) deficiency. Inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPase) deficiency results in the benign accumulation of the inosine nucleotide ITP. 6-MP is activated through a 6-thio-IMP intermediate and, in ITPase deficient patients, potentially toxic 6-thio-ITP is predicted to accumulate. The association between polymorphism in the ITPA gene and adverse drug reactions to AZA therapy was studied in patients treated for inflammatory bowel disease. Sixty-two patients with inflammatory bowel disease suffering adverse drug reactions to AZA therapy were genotyped for ITPA 94C>A and IVS2 + 21A>C polymorphisms, and TPMT*3A, *3C, *2 polymorphisms. Genotype frequencies were compared to a consecutive series of 68 controls treated with AZA for a minimum of 3 months without adverse effect. The ITPA 94C>A deficiency-associated allele was significantly associated with adverse drug reactions [odds ratio (OR) 4.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6-11.5, P = 0.0034]. Significant associations were found for flu-like symptoms (OR 4.7, 95% CI 1.2-18.1, P = 0.0308), rash (OR 10.3, 95% CI 4.7-62.9, P = 0.0213) and pancreatitis (OR 6.2,CI 1.1-32.6, P = 0.0485). Overall, heterozygous TPMT genotypes did not predict adverse drug reactions but were significantly associated with a subgroup of patients experiencing nausea and vomiting as the predominant adverse reaction to AZA therapy (OR 5.5, 95% CI 1.4-21.3, P = 0.0206). Polymorphism in the ITPA gene predicts AZA intolerance. Alternative immunosuppressive drugs, particularly 6-thioguanine, should be considered for AZA-intolerant patients with ITPase deficiency.
Shed Membrane Microparticles With Procoagulant Potential in Human Atherosclerotic Plaques (1999)

These results indicate that shed membrane microparticles with procoagulant potential are produced in human atherosclerotic plaques. Apoptosis could be a critical determinant of plaque thrombogenicity after plaque rupture.
A monoclonal antibody detecting a 39,000 m.w. molecule that is present on B lymphocytes and chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells but is rare on acute lymphocytic leukemia blasts. (1983)

Monoclonal antibody 41H.16 was produced by using the hybridoma methodology in the mouse system with cells from a patient with hairy cell leukemia as the immunogen. This antibody reacts with the majority of Slg+ cells in the peripheral blood and with all B lymphoblastoid cell lines. Reactivity with conventional Ig determinants, Fc or C3 receptors, has been excluded. The antibody reacted with cells from 68 patients with CLL but showed no reactivity with cells in 69 specimens from patients with non-T, non-B ALL. The apparent m.w. of the antigen detected by this antibody is approximately 39,000.
Symmetries and conserved quantities in Lindblad master equations (2014)

This work is concerned with determination of the steady-state structure of time-independent Lindblad master equations, especially those possessing more than one steady state. The approach here is to treat Lindblad systems as generalizations of unitary quantum mechanics, extending the intuition of symmetries and conserved quantities to the dissipative case. We combine and apply various results to obtain an exhaustive characterization of the infinite-time behavior of Lindblad evolution, including both the structure of the infinite-time density matrix and its dependence on initial conditions. The effect of the environment in the infinite-time limit can therefore be tracked exactly for arbitrary state initialization and without knowledge of dynamics at intermediate time. As a consequence, sufficient criteria for determining the steady state of a Lindblad master equation are obtained. These criteria are knowledge of the initial state, a basis for the steady-state subspace, and all conserved quantities. We give examples of two-qubit dissipation and single-mode $d$-photon absorption where all quantities are determined analytically. Applications of these techniques to quantum information, computation, and feedback control are discussed.
Apoptosis in myocardial ischaemia and infarction (2002)

Recent studies indicate that, in addition to necrosis, apoptosis also plays a role in the process of tissue damage after myocardial infarction, which has pathological and therapeutic implications. This review article will discuss studies in which the role and mechanisms of apoptosis in myocardial infarction were analysed in vivo and in vitro in humans and in animals.
Effects of progestational agents in treatment of endometrial carcinoma. (1985)

Progestational agents induced an objective response in 11.2% of 155 patients with advanced primary or recurrent endometrial carcinoma. Response rates decreased with decreasing tumor differentiation from 40% with Broders grade 1 lesions to 17.5, 2.4, and 0%, respectively, with grades 2, 3, and 4. 17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone caproate (Delalutin), 6,17 alpha-dimethyl-6-dehydroprogesterone (Colprone), and 6-methyl-6-dehydroprogesterone acetate (Megace) were the progestogens used; there was no significant advantage for any one agent. Overall, survival after initiation of hormone therapy was 40% at one year, 19% at two years, and 8% at five years. Survival was highly dependent on the degree of tissue differentiation (P less than .001) and was influenced significantly by the estimated tumor volume at the start of therapy (P less than .01) and by the time interval from primary treatment to the beginning of hormone therapy (P less than .01).
Rabbit as an animal model of paranasal sinus mycoses (1997)

Paranasal sinus mycoses are endemic in rural populations of northern India. To study host-parasite interactions, we developed an animal model of paranasal sinus mycoses. After failure in small animals such as mice and rats, we used New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2.5-3 kg. Inoculum sizes consisted of 0.75-1.0 x 10(8), 0.75-1.0 x 10(7), 0.75-1.0 x 10(6) conidia of a clinical isolate of Aspergillus flavus. The inoculum was injected at a spot 0.5 cm in front of the alveolar process of the maxilla and 0.5 cm below the maxillary process of frontal bone and vertically to a depth of 0.5 cm across the bone directly into the nasal sinus. Paranasal sinus mycoses proven by culture and histopathology developed in 67% of animals injected with 0.75-1.0 x 10(8) conidia and 17% of animals with 0.75 x 10(7) conidia. No lesions were found in the group injected with 0.75-1.0 x 10(6) conidia. Precipitating antibody against culture filtrate antigen was found in rabbits with paranasal sinus mycoses. Therefore, rabbits can be used as an animal model to study paranasal sinus mycoses.
Characterization of microseismic data in gas shales using the radius of gyration tensor (2010)

Gas shales have very low permeability, and hydraulic fracturing of the reservoir is required for economic production. Microseismic monitoring provides data that allows an assessment of the geometry and development of hydraulically‐induced fracture systems. Such data sets have demonstrated that complex fracture networks can form in tight gas shales. Monitoring such networks is key to optimizing production in such reservoirs, since their low permeability requires the creation of an extremely large fracture surface area. One can characterize the geometry of such fracture networks using the radius of gyration tensor. This tensor provides the principal axes of the microseismic cloud, while the principal radii of gyration provide the length, width and height of the fracture treatment. The shape anisotropy can be defined in terms of the ratios of the eigenvalues of the radius of gyration tensor. The shape anisotropy of the hydraulic fracture treatment is sensitive to the anisotropy of the in‐situ stress field and to the orientation of preexisting fractures.
μ and δ Opioid Receptors Are Differentially Desensitized by the Coexpression of β-Adrenergic Receptor Kinase 2 and β-Arrestin 2 in Xenopus Oocytes (1997)

The Xenopus oocyte expression system was used to test the hypothesis that homologous opioid receptor desensitization results from receptor phosphorylation by G protein-coupled receptor kinases. Activation of delta (DOR), mu (MOR) opioid, or beta2-adrenergic receptors increased K+ conductance in oocytes coexpressing the G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K+ channel subunits GIRK1 and GIRK4, and the intrinsic rate of desensitization was small. Coexpression of beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 2 (beta-ARK2) and beta-arrestin 2 (beta-arr2) synergistically produced a rapid desensitization of both DOR and beta2-adrenergic receptor signaling with a t1/2 < 4 min. beta-ARK2 and beta-arr2 more slowly desensitized MOR responses; a similar synergistic effect on MOR required 2-3 h of agonist treatment. DOR mutants lacking serine and threonine residues at the end of the cytoplasmic tail coupled effectively to GIRK channels but were insensitive to beta-ARK2 and beta-arr2. However, a DOR mutant having serine residues mutated to alanine in the third cytoplasmic loop was indistinguishable in coupling and desensitization from the wild type DOR. These studies establish that opioid receptors can be regulated by beta-ARK2 and beta-arr2 and that a portion of the COOH terminus of DOR enhances sensitivity to this modulation.
Vertical ladder climbing down motion with internal stress adjustment for a multi-locomotion robot (2011)

This paper describes a ladder climbing down motion for a multi-locomotion robot (MLR). Since a closed kinematic chain is formed by robot links and the ladder in the ladder climbing down motion, if there exist redundant position controlled joints, an internal stress would appear due to the position errors (in the environment or in the joint position, ...). The internal stress has no contribution to equilibrate the robot load (weight and inertial force), however it produce greater torsional stress to the robot joint inside the closed chain. A control algorithm so that is proposed to adjust the internal stress. The primary contribution is in improving the working condition and minimizing the total squared torques of robot joints by reducing the additional internal stress. Since the pace gait is fast and flexible for robot climbing down the ladder, it is taken as an example to explain the proposed control method.
Expression of prostaglandin G/H synthase-1 and -2 protein in human colon cancer. (1995)

Prostaglandin G/H synthase (PGHS), a key enzyme leading to the formation of prostaglandins, is the target of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Two forms of the enzyme have been identified, PGHS-1 and PGHS-2. Epidemiological evidence has suggested that aspirin and other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. We examined by immunoblot analyses the expression of human PGHS-1 and PGHS-2 protein in 25 matched colon cancer and nontumor tissues, 4 premalignant polyps, 5 control colon tissues from noncancer patients, and 3 matched normal and cancerous breast tissue samples. PGHS-1 was detected in all normal and tumor tissue. In contrast, PGHS-2 was not detected in 23 of 25 normal colon tissues but was detected in 19 of 25 colon tumors. PGHS-2 protein was not observed in four human premalignant polyp samples, control colon from noncancer patients, or matched normal or cancerous breast tissues. These results suggest that the beneficial effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in colon cancer may be mediated by inhibition of PGHS-2.