gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Graphical User Interface to the Object-Oriented Database System VODAK on the Basis of the Generic Visualisation Toolkit Lyberworld (1996)

With the Lyberworld system a new approach offering the user a convenient interface to the data stored within an information retrieval system has been introduced. Accessing database contents by using the visualisation metaphors search tree and relevance sphere has achieved two main benefits: first, the user can construct and pose queries much easier than using a query language and second, query results are presented in a way which in opposition to, e.g., tabular output displays the relations between the different queries and query results. In our most recent research work we are aiming at integrating the visualisation concepts of Lyberworld with the object oriented database system VODAK, a powerful tool to implement database applications which require a complex database schema. Posing queries against such a database is a complex task which requires profound knowledge of the database schema and a query language. The approach presented within this paper integrates the Lyberworld concepts with the requirements for a visual interface to the VODAK database system. Furthermore, it develops Lyberworld towards a system which integrates and visualises data from various heterogeneous data sources.
Novel locally strained channel technique for high performance 55nm CMOS (2003)

A novel local strained channel (LSC) MOSFET has been fabricated by a stress control technique utilizing a strained poly silicon gate electrode. The residual compressive stress in arsenic (As) implanted polysilicon is induced by high temperature annealing of CVD SiO/sub 2/ cap with high tensile stress. On the other hand, boron (B) implanted poly silicon is free from stress. As a result, the only n-channel region is locally strained by the strained polysilicon electrode. The drain current of LSC nFETs is improved 15% compared to that of the conventional nFET without the degradation of pFET drain current. High performance 55nm CMOSFET is realized by simple process for LSC-structure.
Siderophore-Mediated Covalent Bonding to Metal (Oxide) Surfaces during Biofilm Initiation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteria (2003)

Bacterial biofilms are of major importance in many infectious diseases and also in a wide range of industrial settings. The initiation of biofilm formation is poorly understood and, in particular, formation of covalent bonds between bacterial cells and surfaces has not been identified as a contributor to this process. Using in situ infrared spectroscopy, we have shown that pyoverdine, a siderophore produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, can be firmly bound to the bacterial cell surface and simultaneously bind covalently to TiO2 and to iron(III) oxide. Siderophores may play a role in attachment of bacteria to metal and mineral surfaces.
Single molecule counting and assessment of random molecular tagging errors with transposable giga-scale error-correcting barcodes (2017)

We described the first study to use transposable molecular barcodes and its use for studying random-mer molecular barcode errors. Extensive errors found in random-mer molecular barcodes may warrant the use of error correcting barcodes for transcriptome analysis as input amounts decrease.
A Cre-loxP-based mouse model for conditional somatic gene expression and knockdown in vivo by using avian retroviral vectors (2008)

Site- and time-specific somatic gene transfer by using the avian sarcoma-leukosis retrovirus RCAS (replication-competent avian sarcoma-leukosis virus long terminal repeat with splice acceptor) has been shown to be a powerful tool to analyze gene function in vivo. RCAS retroviruses that express the avian subgroup A envelope transduce only mammalian cells genetically engineered to express the avian retroviral receptor, tumor virus A (TVA). Here, we generated a knockin mouse line termed LSL-R26(Tva-lacZ) with concomitant conditional expression of TVA and lacZ by targeting the Rosa26 locus. A loxP-flanked transcriptional stop cassette was used for conditional activation of TVA and LacZ expression in a Cre-recombinase-dependent manner. To demonstrate the ability of this system for conditional somatic gene transfer in vivo, we directed TVA expression to the pancreas. Introduction of an RCAS vector with Bryan-RSV polymerase and subgroup A envelope [RCASBP(A)] carrying oncogenic Kras(G12D) induced focal ductal pancreatic lesions that recapitulate human pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias that progress to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. TVA-mediated infection of genetically engineered mice with endogenous expression of Kras(G12D) in pancreatic progenitor cells by using RCASBP(A) virus carrying a short hairpin RNA directed against murine TP53, resulted in dramatically enhanced progression to invasive adenocarcinomas. These results show that conditional expression of TVA enables spatiotemporal gene expression and knockdown in a small subset of somatic cells in vivo. Therefore, it closely models carcinogenesis in humans where tumors evolve from somatic gene mutations in developmentally normal cells. Combined with the growing number of Cre expression models, RCAS-TVA-based gene expression and knockdown systems open up promising perspectives for analysis of gene function in a time-controlled and tissue-specific fashion in vitro and in vivo.
Aerosolized PLA and PLGA Nanoparticles Enhance Humoral, Mucosal and Cytokine Responses to Hepatitis B Vaccine (2010)

Porous poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles were tested for pulmonary delivery of hepatitis B vaccine. In particular, the effects of particle size and hydrophobicity on mucosal and cell-mediated immune responses were investigated. Three formulations of PLA and PLGA nanoparticles containing a fixed amount of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were prepared by a double-emulsion-solvent-evaporation method and characterized for surface morphology, charge, size, density and in vitro release. The immune responses were studied by measuring secretory IgA levels in mucosal fluids and quantitating cytokine levels in rat spleen homogenates. Particle uptake was studied in rat alveolar macrophages. Scanning electron microscopy revealed particles with smooth surfaces. Zeta potential measurements indicated that the particles carried negative surface charges. The antigen was continuously released for 42 days in phosphate buffer. Hydrophobic particles >500 nm elicited a more robust increase in secretary IgA, interleukin-2 and interferon-γ levels compared to hydrophilic particles <500 nm. Large hydrophobic particles were more efficiently internalized by rat alveolar macrophages compared to smaller hydrophilic particles. Calu-3 cell viability studies indicate that the viability of cells is not affected by nanoparticulate formulations. This study demonstrates that inhalable nanoparticles of HBsAg produce an enhancement of immune responses.
Bhattacharyya distance as a contrast parameter for statistical processing of noisy optical images (2004)

In many imaging applications, the measured optical images are perturbed by strong fluctuations or boise. This can be the case, for example, for coherent-active or low-flux imagery. In such cases, the noise is not Gaussian additive and the definition of a contrast parameter between two regions in the image is not always a straightforward task. We show that for noncorrelated noise, the Bhattacharyya distance can be an efficient candidate for contrast definition when one uses statistical algorithms for detection, location, or segmentation. We demonstrate with numerical simulations that different images with the same Bhattacharyya distance lead to equivalent values of the performance criterion for a large number of probability laws. The Bhattacharyya distance can thus be used to compare different noisy situations and to simplify the analysis and the specification of optical imaging systems.
E1a Transactivation of Human HSP70 Gene Promoter Substitution Mutants Is Independent of the Composition of Upstream and TATA Elements (1990)

We have analyzed 41 deletion, linker scan, and substitution mutants of the human HSP70 gene promoter for activation by the adenovirus E1a region. No natural element of the HSP70 gene promoter was required for activation. To investigate specific interactions between E1a and transcription factors, a set of 24 promoters containing all possible combinations of eight different upstream or TATA motifs was investigated for E1a stimulation. E1a transactivated the promoter regardless of the particular TATA motif present. Furthermore, there was no dramatic correlation between any upstream motif and activation by E1a. These data suggest that E1a does not stimulate transcription via an interaction with any specific transcription factor but instead suggest that E1a interacts via the general transcription machinery.
Characterization of Potassium Channel Modulators with QPatch ™ Automated Patch-Clamp Technology: System Characteristics and Performance (2003)

Planar silicon chips with 1-2-microm etched holes (average resistance: 2.04 +/- 0.02 MOmega in physiological buffer, n = 274) have been developed for patch-clamp recordings of whole-cell currents from cells in suspension. An automated 16-channel parallel screening system, QPatch 16, has been developed using this technology. A single-channel prototype of the QPatch system was used for validation of the patch-clamp chip technology. We present here data on the quality of patch-clamp recordings and from actual drug screening studies of human potassium channels expressed in cultured cell lines. Using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and human embryonic kidney cells (HEK), gigaseals of 4.1 +/- 0.4 GOmega (n = 146) and high-quality whole-cell current recordings were obtained from hERG and KCNQ4 potassium channels. Success rates for gigaseal recordings varied from 40 to 95%, and 67% of the whole-cell configurations lasted for >20 min. Cells were maintained in suspension up to 4 h in a cell storage facility that is integrated in the QPatch 16. No decline in patchability was observed during this time course. A series of screens was conducted with known inhibitors of the hERG and KCNQ4 potassium channels. Dose-response relationship characterizations of verapamil and rBeKm-1 blockage of hERG currents provided IC(50) values similar to values reported in the literature.
Distributing streaming media content using cooperative networking (2002)

In this paper, we discuss the problem of distributing streaming media content, both live and on-demand, to a large number of hosts in a scalable way. Our work is set in the context of the traditional client-server framework. Specifically, we consider the problem that arises when the server is overwhelmed by the volume of requests from its clients. As a solution, we propose Cooperative Networking (CoopNet), where clients cooperate to distribute content, thereby alleviating the load on the server. We discuss the proposed solution in some detail, pointing out the interesting research issues that arise, and present a preliminary evaluation using traces gathered at a busy news site during the flash crowd that occurred on September 11, 2001.
Six methods for direct radioiodination of mouse epidermal growth factor compared: effect of nonequivalence in binding behavior between labeled and unlabeled ligand. (1991)

Mouse epidermal growth factor (EGF) was radioiodinated by six different direct iodination methods. The 125I-labeled EGF preparations were distinguished by analyzing the binding of the radioligand to the EGF receptor (EGFR)-containing human placental membranes. The receptor-binding affinity of EGF labeled with Chloramine T was less than the affinity of unlabeled EGF, which precluded an accurate determination of the specific radioactivity of the 125I-labeled EGF preparation by "self-displacement analysis." Scatchard analysis of competitive binding data (increasing concentrations of unlabeled EGF) obtained with commercially prepared 125I-labeled EGF (Chloramine T method), according to the specific radioactivity stated by the manufacturer, resulted in a substantial underestimation of the apparent number of receptors. Iodination of EGF with Iodogen or Iodo-beads, reagents claimed to be more gentle because of their solid state, also yielded 125I-labeled EGF preparations that were not equivalent to the native EGF in receptor binding. In contrast, equivalence in the ligand-receptor interaction between labeled and unlabeled EGF could be achieved by iodinating EGF with iodine monochloride (ICl), Protag-125, or lactoperoxidase-glucose oxidase-coupled beads (Enzymobeads). Scatchard plots of saturation and competitive binding data obtained with these 125I-labeled EGF preparations produced identical results for apparent receptor number and apparent dissociation constants. Such radioiodinated EGF preparations yield relevant binding data in competition studies of labeled and unlabeled EGF.
Tuneable ultra high specific surface area Mg/Al-CO3layered double hydroxides (2015)

We report the synthesis of tuneable ultra high specific surface area Aqueous Miscible Organic solvent-Layered Double Hydroxides (AMO-LDHs). We have investigated the effects of different solvent dispersion volumes, dispersion times and the number of re-dispersion cycles specific surface area of AMO-LDHs. In particular, the effects of acetone dispersion on two different morphology AMO-LDHs (Mg3Al-CO3 AMO-LDH flowers and Mg3Al-CO3 AMO-LDH plates) was investigated. It was found that the amount of acetone used in the dispersion step process can significantly affect the specific surface area of Mg3Al-CO3 AMO-LDH flowers while the dispersion time in acetone is critical factor to obtain high specific surface area Mg3Al-CO3 AMO-LDH plates. Optimisation of the acetone washing steps enables Mg3Al-CO3 AMO-LDH to have high specific surface area up to 365 m(2) g(-1) for LDH flowers and 263 m(2) g(-1) for LDH plates. In addition, spray drying was found to be an effective and practical drying method to increase the specific surface area by a factor of 1.75. Our findings now form the basis of an effective general strategy to obtain ultrahigh specific surface area LDHs.
Platelet C1q receptor interactions with collagen- and C1q-coated surfaces. (1990)

We recently described specific binding sites for C1q on human blood platelets. Structural similarities between the amino-terminal of C1q and collagen have suggested that receptors for both molecules on platelets might be the same. The present study thus compared the interaction of purified C1q receptors (C1qR) and whole platelets with collagen- and C1q-coated polystyrene surfaces. Surfaces coated with BSA or gelatin served as controls. Purified 125I-labeled C1qR recognized both C1q- and collagen-coated surfaces in a divalent, cation-independent manner. This adhesion was inhibited by polyclonal or monoclonal (II1/D1) anti-C1qR antibodies. Although C1qR adhered preferentially to C1q-coated surfaces, adhesion to bovine and human type I collagen, as well as to human type III and V collagen, was also noted. In parallel studies, 51Cr-labeled platelets bound equally well to collagen- or C1q-coated surfaces, albeit in a magnesium-dependent manner. Partial inhibition of platelet adhesion was observed in the presence of RGDS, despite the inability of RGDS to modify C1qR interaction with C1q or collagen. Moreover, anti C1qR antibodies selectively inhibited platelet adhesion to C1q-coated surfaces, whereas antibodies specific for the GPIa/IIa collagen receptor (6F1) preferentially inhibited platelet collagen interactions. These data support the presence of distinct platelet membrane C1qR, which may cross-react with collagen, and suggest that C1qR are necessary but not sufficient for platelet adhesion to C1q-coated surfaces. Additional divalent cation and/or RGD-sensitive binding sites may participate.
Transplantation of Menstrual Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes the Repair of LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury (2017)

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) have been shown to be good therapeutic tools in diseases such as ovarian failure and cardiac fibrosis. However, relevant studies of MenSCs in ALI have not yet proceeded. We hypothesized that MenSC could attenuate the inflammation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI and promote the repair of damaged lung. ALI model was induced by LPS in C57 mice, and saline or MenSCs were administered via tail vein after four hours. The MenSCs were subsequently detected in the lungs by a live imaging system. The MenSCs not only improved pulmonary microvascular permeability and attenuated histopathological damage, but also mediated the downregulation of IL-1β and the upregulation of IL-10 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the damaged lung. Immunohistochemistry revealed the increased expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the reduced expression of caspase-3 indicating the beneficial effect of MenSCs. Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) was also upregulated after MenSCs administrated. As shown using transwell co-culture, the MenSCs also could improve the viability of BEAS-2B cells and inhibit LPS-induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that MenSC-based therapies could be promising strategies for treating ALI.
Assessing restored teeth with pulp and periapical diseases for the presence of cracks, caries and marginal breakdown (2004)

All restorations should be removed prior to endodontic treatment in order to remove the common factors that may have caused the pulp and periapical disease, and to assess the tooth's prognosis and future treatment needs.
Selective Area Growth of GaN on Si Substrate Using SiO 2 Mask by Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (1998)

Selective area growth (SAG) of GaN on (111) Si substrate was studied using AlGaN as an intermediate layer. A hexagonal dot with a (0001) plane on the top and of a 5 µm or a submicron size was obtained using a patterned dot structure of silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) mask. The facet structure revealed that the &lt;1120&gt; axis of hexagonal GaN is parallel to the &lt;110&gt; axis of the Si substrate. The cathodoluminescence (CL) spectrum at 133 K exhibited a strong near-band-edge emission band for the submicron dots, which suggests excellent crystallinity. Epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) of GaN on the Si substrate is demonstrated.
Adaptive algorithms for detecting community structure in dynamic social networks (2011)

Social networks exhibit a very special property: community structure. Understanding the network community structure is of great advantages. It not only provides helpful information in developing more social-aware strategies for social network problems but also promises a wide range of applications enabled by mobile networking, such as routings in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) and worm containments in cellular networks. Unfortunately, understanding this structure is very challenging, especially in dynamic social networks where social activities and interactions are evolving rapidly. Can we quickly and efficiently identify the network community structure? Can we adaptively update the network structure based on previously known information instead of recomputing from scratch? In this paper, we present Quick Community Adaptation (QCA), an adaptive modularity-based method for identifying and tracing community structure of dynamic online social networks. Our approach has not only the power of quickly and efficiently updating network communities, through a series of changes, by only using the structures identified from previous network snapshots, but also the ability of tracing the evolution of community structure over time. To illustrate the effectiveness of our algorithm, we extensively test QCA on real-world dynamic social networks including ENRON email network, arXiv e-print citation network and Facebook network. Finally, we demonstrate the bright applicability of our algorithm via a realistic application on routing strategies in MANETs. The comparative results reveal that social-aware routing strategies employing QCA as a community detection core outperform current available methods.
Visualisation of contrast-enhanced intraoperative optical coherence tomography with indocyanine green (2014)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based visualisation of ophthalmic anatomy has transformed the clinical practice of ophthalmology. The translation of OCT into the surgical theatre is currently being actively researched and may provide a paradigm shift in surgical practice. Enhanced visualisation of tissues and tissue planes may provide further iterative improvement in surgeon feedback. Contrast-enhanced intraoperative OCT (iOCT) has been previously described with triamcinolone. In this report, we describe the OCT features and contrast enhancement noted with indocyanine green using iOCT in human subjects as well as an ex vivo analysis in porcine eyes.
Multiservice optical network: main concepts and first achievements of the ROM program (2001)

With the tremendous introduction of internet protocol (IP) applications, the quality-of-service (QoS) becomes more and more an emergent issue. Concrete solutions can be adopted (IP/ATM/SONET/WDM) opening the way to new types of applications (interactive applications through the exploitation of voice and video) in a short-term approach. However, all the telecommunication community tries to provide new solutions offering capacity and flexibility in a simpler manner. In this paper, we present the concepts of a multiservice optical network studied in the framework of a French Research Program. The QoS could be offered through the combined exploitation of electronic memories in the edges and optical resources in the core of the optical network and through the coexistence of different types of connections. In particular, the traffic shaping in the edges is highlighted through simulation and demonstrates the real impact of this function to maintain the logical performance at its highest level. To propose concrete solutions for its implementation, two network scenarios are proposed. The first one, for the backbone, exhibits a novel optical packet switching architecture taking benefit of the massive presence of wavelengths to solve the contention. The second one, for the metro, shows a second optical packet switching architecture really adapted to the cost constraints (upgradability, compactness, granularity).