gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhaled NO as a viable antiadhesive therapy for ischemia/reperfusion injury of distal microvascular beds. (1998)

Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) is being used more and more in intensive care units as a modality to improve the outcome of patients with pulmonary complications. Our objective was to demonstrate that inhaled NO could impact upon a distally inflamed microvasculature-improving perfusion, leukocyte adhesive interactions, and endothelial dysfunction. Using intravital microscopy to visualize ischemia/reperfusion of postcapillary venules, we were able to demonstrate that the reduction in perfusion, the dramatic increase in leukocyte rolling, adhesion, and emigration, and the endothelial dysfunction could all be significantly abrogated with 80 ppm, but not 20 ppm inhaled NO. Perfusing whole blood directly over an inert P-selectin and CD18 ligand substratum incorporated in a flow chamber recruited the same number of rolling and adhering leukocytes from NO-ventilated and non-NO-ventilated animals, suggesting that inhaled NO was not directly affecting leukocytes. To demonstrate that inhaled NO was actually reaching the peripheral microvasculature in vivo, we applied a NO synthase inhibitor locally to the feline mesentery and demonstrated that the vasoconstriction, as well as leukocyte recruitment, were essentially abolished by inhaled NO, suggesting that a NO-depleted peripheral microvasculature could be replenished with inhaled NO in vivo. Finally, inhaled NO at the same concentration that was effective in ischemia/reperfusion did not affect vascular alterations, leukocyte recruitment, and endothelial dysfunction associated with endotoxemia in the feline mesentery. In conclusion, our data for the first time demonstrate a role for inhaled NO as a therapeutic delivery system to the peripheral microvasculature, showing tremendous efficacy as an antiadhesive, antivasoconstrictive, and antipermeabilizing molecule in NO-depleted tissues, but not normal microvessels or vessels that have an abundance of NO (LPS-treated). The notion that blood borne molecules have NO carrying capacity is conceptually consistent with our observations.
Droplet Traffic at a Simple Junction at Low Capillary Numbers (2005)

We report that, when a train of confined droplets flowing through a channel reaches a junction, the droplets either are alternately distributed between the different outlets or all collect into the shortest one. We argue that this behavior is due to the hydrodynamic feedback of droplets in the different outlets on the selection process occurring at the junction. A "mean field" model, yielding semiquantitative results, offers a first guide to predict droplet traffic in branched networks.
Influenza A virus transfectants with chimeric hemagglutinins containing epitopes from different subtypes (1992)

Influenza virus transfectants with chimeric hemagglutinins were constructed by using a ribonucleoprotein transfection method. Transfectants W(H1)-H2 and W(H1)-H3 contained A/WSN/33(H1N1) (WSN) hemagglutinins in which the six-amino-acid loop (contained in antigenic site B) was replaced by the corresponding structures of influenza viruses A/Japan/57(H2N2) and A/Hong Kong/8/68(H3N2) (HK), respectively. Serological analysis indicated that the W(H1)-H3 transfectant virus reacted with antibodies against both the WSN and HK viruses in hemagglutination inhibition and plaque neutralization assays. Furthermore, mice immunized with W(H1)-H3 transfectant virus produced antibodies to the WSN and HK viruses. The results demonstrate that influenza virus transfectants can be engineered to express epitopes of different subtypes on their hemagglutinins.
Dynamic layer adjustments for SVC segments in P2P streaming networks (2010)

In a peer-to-peer video streaming environment, it is a tradeoff between two counter extremes; to tolerate low quality pictures but with uninterrupted presentation or to enjoy high quality pictures but with the possibility of freeze-up time. In this paper, we present a dynamic layer adjustment (DLA) scheme for SVC segments in P2P streaming networks. Without periodically measuring available bandwidth at a peer, adequate SVC layers can be determined by the number of video segments waiting in the decoder buffer. Simulation results show that the proposed DLA can maintain smooth video quality without sacrificing freeze-up time no matter how abruptly the bandwidth is changed.
Wounding Nicotiana tabacum Leaves Causes a Decline in Endogenous Indole-3-Acetic Acid (1991)

We have previously observed that auxin can act as a repressor of the wound-inducible activation of a chimeric potato proteinase inhibitor II-CAT chimeric gene (pin2-CAT) in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum) callus and in whole plants. Therefore, this study was designed to examine endogenous levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in plant tissues both before and after wounding. Endogenous IAA was measured in whole plant tissues by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using an isotope dilution technique. (13)C-Labeled IAA was used as an internal standard. The endogenous levels of IAA declined two- to threefold within 6 hours after a wound. The kinetics of auxin decline are consistent with the kinetics of activation of the pin2-CAT construction in the foliage of transgenic tobacco.
SUBSTRATE-FREE EPIDIDYMAL-LIKE BOVINE SPERMATOZOA (1963)

Summary. A technique is presented for the collection of ejaculated bovine spermatozoa directly into an inhibitory diluent which renders the cells immotile and prevents the absorption of carbohydrate from the seminal plasma. When removed from the inhibitory diluent, such cells have low endogenous respiration which is markedly increased by the addition of fructose to the incubation medium or by pre-incubation in a fructose solution before washing and then subjecting the cells to a period of endogenous respiration. After storage at 5° C for 24 hr in the collection medium, and after their subsequent removal from the inhibitory medium, the endogenous respiration rate of such spermatozoa and their respiration in the presence of fructose is greater than the initial respiration level. All these responses are typical of bovine epididymal spermatozoa.
Synthesis, Characterization And Properties of Nlo Dye-Containing Polyurethane (1994)

Abstract Polyurethane attached hemicyanine dye with tetraphenylborate anion was synthesized. This polymer was soluble in dimethylformamide and could be processed into thin film by spin coating. The poled polymer film showed a large second-order nonlinear optical coefficient (X (2) = 4.0 × 10−7 esu) and good temporal stability. Key Words: PolyurethaneSecond Harmonic Generation(SHG)HemicyanineNonlinear Optics(NLO)
Choroid Sprouting Assay: An Ex Vivo Model of Microvascular Angiogenesis (2013)

Angiogenesis of the microvasculature is central to the etiology of many diseases including proliferative retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration and cancer. A mouse model of microvascular angiogenesis would be very valuable and enable access to a wide range of genetically manipulated tissues that closely approximate small blood vessel growth in vivo. Vascular endothelial cells cultured in vitro are widely used, however, isolating pure vascular murine endothelial cells is technically challenging. A microvascular mouse explant model that is robust, quantitative and can be reproduced without difficulty would overcome these limitations. Here we characterized and optimized for reproducibility an organotypic microvascular angiogenesis mouse and rat model from the choroid, a microvascular bed in the posterior of eye. The choroidal tissues from C57BL/6J and 129S6/SvEvTac mice and Sprague Dawley rats were isolated and incubated in Matrigel. Vascular sprouting was comparable between choroid samples obtained from different animals of the same genetic background. The sprouting area, normalized to controls, was highly reproducible between independent experiments. We developed a semi-automated macro in ImageJ software to allow for more efficient quantification of sprouting area. Isolated choroid explants responded to manipulation of the external environment while maintaining the local interactions of endothelial cells with neighboring cells, including pericytes and macrophages as evidenced by immunohistochemistry and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. This reproducible ex vivo angiogenesis assay can be used to evaluate angiogenic potential of pharmacologic compounds on microvessels and can take advantage of genetically manipulated mouse tissue for microvascular disease research.
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm as a Complex Multifactorial Disease (2006)

The role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) has focused on the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The new frontier of MMP biology involves the role of MMPs in releasing cryptic fragments and neoepitopes from the ECM and the impact of MMPs on the regulation of the inflammatory response. The ECM is a complex structure, much more important than an inert scaffold. Both MMP-2 and MMP-9 expose a cryptic epitope that controls angiogenesis. MMPs inhibit angiogenesis through the release of endostatin, endorepellin, arresten, canstatin, and tumstatin. Other breakdown products of the ECM include fragments of fragmin and elastin degradation products (EDPs). In addition, the ECM contains embedded vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). Inflammation is a complex, highly regulated system that involves the identification of injury or infection, response to the injury or infection, repair and healing, and return to normal homeostasis. In some instances, the inflammatory process leads to a pathologic process that is damaging to the host. MMPs play an important role in the control of the inflammatory response through the modification of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and shedding of membrane receptors. Genetic association studies have been performed to help determine the genetic risk associated with certain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) However, because of the variability in the patient populations and the size of the population, it is difficult to draw any conclusions from these studies. While the etiology of AAA remains unknown, understanding of the inflammatory process and its regulatory points will develop new strategies for the treatment of AAA. Perhaps one difficulty with understanding the pathogenesis of AAA is the lack of precise definition of the phenotype.
Plasma Glucose, Non-Esterified Fatty Acids and Amino Acids in Huntington's Chorea (1977)

1. The metabolic responses to an oral glucose tolerance test (100 g) and an intravenous insulin provocation test (0-1 i.u./kg) were studied in nine control subjects and nine patients with Huntington's chorea. 2. Plasma glucose responses to these stimuli were identical in both groups. 3. High fasting concentrations of non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) were recorded in the choreic patients when compared with control subjects. This difference was maintained under hypoglycaemic conditions. However, during hyperglycaemia the differences in NEFA concentrations between the groups was abolished. 4. Total plasma tryptophan concentrations were equal in the two groups. Free plasma tryptophan, however, was markedly reduced in the choreic group, and this appeared to be a result of a disturbed relationship between free tryptophan and NEFA concentrations. The abnormalities in free tryptophan values were sensitive to plasma glucose concentrations, as hyperglycaemic conditions markedly reduced the differences between the choreic and control group. 5. Patients with Huntington's chorea showed reduced fasting plasma concentrations of leucine, isoleucine and valine.
A design method for half-band FIR filters (1999)

Present methods for designing half-band filters use iterative approaches such as the well-known Parks-McClellan algorithm or some variant of linear programming. Here we give a direct method using Chebyshev polynomials, which provides a reduction in design time over previous methods by about a factor of ten. For all practical purposes the response of the resulting filter is equal-ripple in both passband and stopband. A listing of a Fortran program for carrying out the design is included.
CC-1065 and the Duocarmycins:  Synthetic Studies (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCC-1065 and the Duocarmycins: Synthetic StudiesDale L. Boger, Christopher W. Boyce, Robert M. Garbaccio, and Joel A. GoldbergView Author Information Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 3, 787–828Publication Date (Web):May 8, 1997Publication History Received7 October 1996Published online8 May 1997Published inissue 1 May 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr960095ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr960095gresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2492Altmetric-Citations242LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Cyclization,Hydrocarbons,Indoles,Post-translational modification Get e-Alerts
Multiplex PCR: Optimization and Application in Diagnostic Virology (2000)

SUMMARY PCR has revolutionized the field of infectious disease diagnosis. To overcome the inherent disadvantage of cost and to improve the diagnostic capacity of the test, multiplex PCR, a variant of the test in which more than one target sequence is amplified using more than one pair of primers, has been developed. Multiplex PCRs to detect viral, bacterial, and/or other infectious agents in one reaction tube have been described. Early studies highlighted the obstacles that can jeopardize the production of sensitive and specific multiplex assays, but more recent studies have provided systematic protocols and technical improvements for simple test design. The most useful of these are the empirical choice of oligonucleotide primers and the use of hot start-based PCR methodology. These advances along with others to enhance sensitivity and specificity and to facilitate automation have resulted in the appearance of numerous publications regarding the application of multiplex PCR in the diagnosis of infectious agents, especially those which target viral nucleic acids. This article reviews the principles, optimization, and application of multiplex PCR for the detection of viruses of clinical and epidemiological importance.
ELOVL2 controls the level of n-6 28:5 and 30:5 fatty acids in testis, a prerequisite for male fertility and sperm maturation in mice (2010)

ELOVL2 is a member of the mammalian microsomal ELOVL fatty acid enzyme family, involved in the elongation of very long-chain fatty acids including PUFAs required for various cellular functions in mammals. Here, we used ELOVL2-ablated (Elovl2(-/-)) mice to show that the PUFAs with 24-30 carbon atoms of the ω-6 family in testis are indispensable for normal sperm formation and fertility in male mice. The lack of Elovl2 was associated with a complete arrest of spermatogenesis, with seminiferous tubules displaying only spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes without further germinal cells. Furthermore, based on acyl-CoA profiling, heterozygous Elovl2(+/-) male mice exhibited haploinsufficiency, with reduced levels of C28:5 and C30:5n-6 PUFAs, which gave rise to impaired formation and function of haploid spermatides. These new insights reveal a novel mechanism involving ELOVL2-derived PUFAs in mammals and previously unrecognized roles for C28 and C30 n-6 PUFAs in male fertility. In accordance with the function suggested for ELOVL2, the Elovl2(-/-) mice show distorted levels of serum C20 and C22 PUFAs from both the n-3 and the n-6 series. However, dietary supplementation with C22:6n-3 could not restore male fertility to Elovl2(+/-) mice, suggesting that the changes in n-6 fatty acid composition seen in the testis of the Elovl2(+/-) mice, cannot be compensated by increased C22:6n-3 content.
Indigenous territories and tropical forest management in Latin America (1993)

Using data from Latin America, the authors argue that fundamental changes must take place in the legal recognition and demarcation of indigenous territories if indigenous peoples are to fulfill their potential as resource managers for threatened tropical forest ecosystems. The authors compare different national land tenure models for forest-dwelling indigenous peoples (contained in national Indian, agrarian, and protected-area laws in Latin America) and a model proposed by indigenous organizations in Latin America. The conventional models emerged during an era when most governments were more concerned with the rapid occupation and exploitation of frontier zones and the assimilation of indigenous peoples. Recent attention to the environmental degradation of these areas and the need to create alternative models of land use and development have directed attention to the potential contribution of indigenous peoples to the conservation and management of the vast tropical forests of Latin America. The authors find that indigenous peoples must be given some degree of control over their territories and resources. They contend that for successful management of tropical forests there must be a new type of partnership between indigenous peoples, the scientific community, national governments, and international development agencies. This relationship should be a contractual one, in which indigenous peoples are provided with juridical recognition and control over large areas of forest in exchange for a commitment to conserve the ecosystem and preserve biodiversity.
Crystal structure of human interleukin‐10 at 1.6 Å resolution and a model of a complex with its soluble receptor (1996)

The crystal structure of human interleukin-10 (IL-10) was refined at 1.6 A resolution against X-ray diffraction data collected at 100 K with the use of synchrotron radiation. Although similar to the IL-10 structure determined previously at room temperature, this low-temperature IL-10 structure contains, in addition, four N-terminal residues, three sulfate anions, and 175 extra water molecules. Whereas the main-chain conformation is preserved, about 30% of the side chains, most of them on the protein surface, assume different conformations. A computer model of a complex of IL-10 with its two soluble receptors was generated based on the topological similarity of IL-10 to interferon-gamma. The contact region between the cytokine and each receptor shows excellent complementarity of polar and hydrophobic interactions, suggesting that the model is generally correct and should be useful in guiding mutagenesis experiments.
Sequential Activation of Ground Pads Reduces Skin Heating During Radiofrequency Tumor Ablation: In Vivo Porcine Results (2009)

Skin burns below ground pads during monopolar RF ablation are increasingly prevalent, thereby hindering the development of higher power RF generators capable of creating larger tumor ablation zones in combination with multiple or new applicators. Our goal was to evaluate reduction in skin temperatures via additional ground pads in an in vivo porcine model. Three ground pads placed on the animal's abdomen were activated either simultaneously or sequentially, where activation timing was adjusted to equilibrate skin temperature below each pad. Thirteen RF ablations (n = 4 simultaneous at 300 W, n = 5 sequential at 300 W, and n = 4 sequential at 375 W) were performed for 12 min via two internally cooled cluster electrodes placed in the gluteus maximus of domestic swine. Temperature rise at each pad and burn degree as determined via histology were compared. Ablation zone size was determined via T2-weighted MRI. Maximum temperature rise was significantly higher with simultaneous activation than with either of the sequential activation group (21.4 degrees C versus 8.1 degrees C or 9.6 degrees C, p < 0.01). Ablation zone diameters during simultaneous (300 W) and sequential activations (300 and 375 W) were and 6.9 +/- 0.3, 5.6 +/- 0.3, and 7.5 +/- 0.6 cm, respectively. Sequential activation of multiple ground pads results in significantly lower skin temperatures and less severe burns, as measured by histological examination.
Inhibition of cell proliferation by nobiletin, a dietary phytochemical, associated with apoptosis and characteristic gene expression, but lack of effect on early rat hepatocarcinogenesis in vivo (2004)

Dietary phytochemicals can inhibit the development of certain types of tumors. We here investigated the effects of nobiletin (Nob), garcinol (Gar), auraptene (Aur), beta-cryptoxanthin- and hesperidine-rich pulp (CHRP) and 1,1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA) on hepatocarcinogenesis in a rat medium-term liver bioassay, and also examined their influence on cell proliferation, cell cycle kinetics, apoptosis and cell invasion of rat and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, MH1C1 and HepG2, respectively. While there were no obvious suppressive effects on the development of putative preneoplastic liver lesions, inhibition of hepatocarcinoma cell proliferation was evident in the Nob group. Nob also caused G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Microarray analysis identified a set of genes specifically regulated by Nob, and these are likely to be involved in the observed growth suppression of HCC cells. These results suggest that phytochemicals might have chemopreventive potential in late stages of hepatocarcinogenesis.
Synthesis and Properties of Heat-Stable Expanded Smectite and Vermiculite (1979)

Abstract When aqueous dispersions of Na + -smectite or n-butylammonium-vermiculite react with sulfate salts of Fe(II), Co(II), or Ni(II) bipyridyl or 1, 10-phenanthroline complexes in excess of the cation-exchange capacities, intersalated phases with spacings of about 29.5 Å are obtained. Thermal decomposition of the intersalated complex cations affords expanded phases with a d(001) spacing near 18 Å for the smectites and near 28 Å for the vermiculites. These phases are stable to temperatures of at least 550°C. Nitrogen surface areas of the fired products are as high as 400 m 2 /g.
Genome sequence of the lignocellulose degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium strain RP78 (2004)

White rot fungi efficiently degrade lignin, a complex aromatic polymer in wood that is among the most abundant natural materials on earth. These fungi use extracellular oxidative enzymes that are also able to transform related aromatic compounds found in explosive contaminants, pesticides and toxic waste. We have sequenced the 30-million base-pair genome of Phanerochaete chrysosporium strain RP78 using a whole genome shotgun approach. The P. chrysosporium genome reveals an impressive array of genes encoding secreted oxidases, peroxidases and hydrolytic enzymes that cooperate in wood decay. Analysis of the genome data will enhance our understanding of lignocellulose degradation, a pivotal process in the global carbon cycle, and provide a framework for further development of bioprocesses for biomass utilization, organopollutant degradation and fiber bleaching. This genome provides a high quality draft sequence of a basidiomycete, a major fungal phylum that includes important plant and animal pathogens.