gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Natural Killer ( NK ) Cells (2010)

Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells are a discrete subset of lymphocytes of the innate immune response. They are rapid mediators of cytotoxicity against a variety of ‘stressed cells’ that include microbe‐infected cells, transformed cells or cells in distress as a result of physical or chemical injuries. NK cells are also potent producers of a large spectrum of cytokines, including interferon γ (IFNγ) and interleukin 10 (IL‐10). Through these functions, they act as both effector and regulatory cells of the immune response. Key Concepts: NK cells are lymphocyte of innate immunity that sense a variety of stressed cells and participate to their elimination. NK cells are regulatory cells that contribute to the innate immune response and to the shaping of the adaptive immune response. The study of NK cell biology has been instrumental in revealing various mode of immune detection: missing self‐recognition and stress‐induced cell recognition. The manipulation of NK cell recognition strategies leads to the development of innovative therapeutic settings from allogeneic bone marrow transplantation to the injection of blocking anti‐KIR monoclonal antibodies.
Internal Mixture Formation and Combustion - fro m Gasoline to Ethanol (2001)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The fuel direct injection in SI engines is demonstrating a remarkable potential regarding the reduction of consumption and pollutant emission. Nevertheless, the management of the mixture formation “in-cylinder” - in conditions of a short duration and of a complex fluid dynamic configuration imposes both an accurate modeling and an exact control of the process.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The problem gains on complexity when considering the use of alternative fuels which becomes more and more a subject of actuality.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The paper presents a comparative analysis of mixture formation process and engine performances, when applying direct injection of gasoline, respectively of ethanol in a four-stroke single cylinder SI engine. The modulation of the injection rate shape is the result of a fuel high pressure wave, generated in a pressure pulse direct injection system.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The internal mixture formation is modeled in base on the CFD code FLUENT, allowing the analysis of the space-and time-related process sequences for both fuels, using different parameter combinations for injection system and engine.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The comparison of both fuels at the test bench of the injection system is made for different injection volumes, injection frequencies and injector opening pressures. A spray visualization for the most representative configurations is presented as well.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Finally, the engine results at the test bench confirm the good adaptability of the applied direct injection concept for both gasoline and ethanol application.&lt;/div&gt;
COX Selectivity and Animal Models for Colon Cancer (2002)

Early experiments performed during 1980s and 1990s using carcinogen-induced rat intestinal tumor models demonstrated the inhibitory effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on intestinal tumorigenesis. Furthermore, epidemiological studies and clinical trials for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients supported the possibility that NSAIDs can be used as chemopreventive agents. The major target molecules of NSAIDs are cyclooxygenases (COX), which catalyze the rate-limiting step of prostaglandin biosynthesis. Two isoenzymes of COX have been identified; COX-1 and COX-2. Whereas COX-1 is expressed constitutively in most tissues and responsible for tissue homeostasis, COX-2 is inducible and plays an important role in inflammation and intestinal tumorigenesis. A genetic study using compound mutant mice of COX-2(-)/(-), and Apc(Delta716) which is a model for human familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), directly demonstrated that induction of COX-2 is critical for intestinal polyp formation. Numerous studies have also demonstrated that COX-2 selective inhibitors suppress intestinal polyp formation in Apc gene-mutant mice, and xenografted cancer cell growths. In addition, stimulation of angiogenesis is one of the major effects by COX-2 expression that is induced in the polyp stromal cells. On the other hand, another study indicated that COX-1 also plays an important role in the early stage of intestinal tumorigenesis. These data from animal model studies should be helpful in understanding the in vivo mechanism(s) of tumor suppression by NSAIDs or COX-2 inhibitors. Here, we review the animal studies that have been published as of August 2001, and reported to suppress intestinal tumor growths by NSAIDs or COX-2 inhibitors.
Continuous blockade of CXCR4 results in dramatic mobilization and expansion of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (2017)

Interaction between the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its chief ligand CXCL12 plays a critical role in the retention and migration of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. In this study, qualitative and quantitative effects of long-term pharmacologic inhibition of the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis on the HSPC compartment were investigated by using 3 structurally unrelated small molecule CXCR4 antagonists. A >10-fold increase in mobilization efficiency was achieved by administering the antagonists as a subcutaneous continuous infusion for 2 weeks compared to a single bolus injection. A concurrent increase in self-renewing proliferation leading to a twofold to fourfold expansion of the HSPC pool in the BM was observed. The expanded BM showed a distinct repopulating advantage when tested in serial competitive transplantation experiments. Furthermore, major changes within the HSPC niche associated with previously described HSPC expansion strategies were not detected in bones treated with a CXCR4 antagonist infusion. Our data suggest that prolonged but reversible pharmacologic blockade of the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis represents an approach that releases HSPC with efficiency superior to any other known mobilization strategy and may also serve as an effective method to expand the BM HSPC pool.
Probabilistic traversability map generation using 3D-LIDAR and camera (2016)

Estimating the traversability of rough terrain is a critical task for an outdoor mobile robot. While classifying structured environment can be learned from large number of training data, it is an extremely difficult task to learn and estimate traversability of unstructured rough terrain. Moreover, in many cases information from a single sensor may not be sufficient for estimating traversability reliably in the absence of artificial landmarks such as lane markings or curbs. Our approach estimates traversability of the terrain and build a 2D probabilistic grid map online using 3D-LIDAR and camera. The combination of LIDAR and camera is favoured in many robotic application because they provide complementary information. Our approach assumes the data captured by these two sensors are independent and build separate traversability maps, each with information captured from one sensor. Traversability estimation with vision sensor autonomously collects training data and update classifier without human intervention as the vehicle traverse the terrain. Traversability estimation with 3D-LIDAR measures the slopes of the ground to predict the traversability. Two independently built probabilistic maps are fused using Bayes' rule to improve the detection performance. This is in contrast with other methods in which each sensor performs different tasks. We have implemented the algorithm on a UGV(Unmanned Ground Vehicle) and tested our approach on a rough terrain to evaluate the detection performance.
The Effects of Particle Size and Origin of Calcium Carbonate on Performance and Ossification Characteristics in Broiler Chicks (1991)

The following physico-chemical characteristics of various calcium sources, differing in origin and particle size were determined: mineral composition, sieve and image analysis, apparent solubility (AS), surface area (SA), porous volume, specific gravity, and compressibility (C). The AS, SA, and C values were related more to the calcium particle size than to its origin and were higher in ground calcium sources. Calcium retention of seashells treated with phosphoric acid, oyster shells, and limestone using two particle sizes, ground or particulate, was assayed in 98 broiler chicks. Particulate marble was also tested in this experiment. Calcium retention expressed as a percentage of calcium ingestion was decreased when coarse particles of calcium were supplied in lieu of pulverized sources (40 versus 49%). An experiment with a 3 x 3 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments were tested using 576 broiler chicks. Treatments included three calcium sources (phosphorus-treated shell, oyster shell, and marble), three particle sizes [ground (less than .15 mm), medium (.6 to 1.18 mm) and coarse (greater than 1.18 mm)] and three levels of calcium (.5,.7, and .9%) with ground limestone as a reference. Performance, tibial morphometry, breaking strength variables, and ash content were measured at 4 wk of age. Weight gain and feed conversion were ameliorated with ground particles of calcium. Cortical thickness, length of the tibia, stiffness, stress, and tibia ash were diminished when coarse particles of calcium were incorporated in the diets. Conversely, the origin of the calcium source hardly affected these criteria. Additionally, the incorporation of phosphorus-treated shells was assayed in 112 broiler chicks. Coarse particles decreased calcium retention. Consequently, ultimate stress, the modulus of elasticity, and stress were impaired. It is concluded that differences in utilization of calcium carbonate sources by the broiler chick is primarily a result of particle size rather than origin. Ground particles of calcium (pan to .15 mm) significantly improves performance and tibial ossification characteristics in broiler chicks.
The design of a nine-string six-degree-of-freedom force-feedback joystick for telemanipulation (1987)

An overview is given of the design and controlling equations for a 6-degree-of-freedom force-feedback joystick for telemanipulation. The joystick has a parallel mechanical structure which allows all of its actuators to be fixed to a non-moving base. The low-inertia design is expected to provide an accurate force-feedback signal to the joystick operator without the need for closed-loop momentum compensation. The analysis describes the joystick's inputs and outputs in generalized Cartesian space, so the joystick can potentially be used as an interface for any 6-degree-of-freedom device.
Microvessel prediction in H&E Stained Pathology Images using fully convolutional neural networks (2018)

This is the first study to develop an algorithm for automated microvessel detection in H&E stained pathology images.
Comparison of safety and efficacy between POLARx and Arctic Front cryoballoon ablation (2022)

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) remains the cornerstone of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. The POLARx cryoballoon, which maintains a constant balloon pressure during ablation, was recently introduced for the treatment of AF. We present a comparison of acute and follow-up efficacy and safety outcomes between POLARx and Arctic Front, a frequently used second-generation used cryoballoon. Methods 251 consecutive patients who underwent first-time cryoballoon AF ablation with POLARx (n=118) or Arctic Front (n=133) with a follow-up of at least 6 months, were retrospectively included. Results Of the total 251 patients who were included, mean age was 63 ± 9 years and 161 (64%) participants were male. The majority of the patients suffered from paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (95%). Follow-up success rates did not significantly differ between the POLARx (79%) and Artic Front (75%) groups at 6 months. Antiarrhythmic drug-use after the blanking period of 3 months was 9% for the POLARx group. Complication rates, excluding groin complications, were low in both study groups and were not significantly different (4% in POLARx vs 3% in Arctic Front). Procedure times (71 ± 23 minutes vs. 120 ± 36 minutes) and fluoroscopy times (20 ± 10 minutes vs. 33 ± 18 minutes) were both more favourable in the POLARx group. Lastly, nadir balloon temperatures were significantly lower (-57 ± 7 ºC vs -51 ± 7 ºC) for the POLARx group for all pulmonary veins (p&amp;lt;0.001). Conclusion Cryoballoon AF ablation with the POLARx cryoballoon results in similar success and complication rates at 6 months, in comparison with Arctic Front. Procedure and fluoroscopy times are shorter and balloon nadir temperatures are significantly lower for the POLARx cryoballoon. This can lead to optimal logistics and thus cost-effective use of lab and personnel.
A three-phase time-correlation image sensor using pinned photodiode active pixels (2010)

A time correlation (TC) image sensor is a device that produces 3-phase time-correlated signals between the incident
light intensity and three reference signals. A conventional implementation of the TC image sensor using a standard
CMOS technology works at low frequency and with low sensitivity. In order to achieve higher modulation frequency and
high sensitivity, the TC image sensor with a dual potential structure using a pinned diode is proposed. The dual potential
structure is created by changing the impurity doping concentration in the two different potential regions. In this structure,
high-frequency modulation can be achieved, while maintaining a sufficient light receiving area. A prototype TC image
sensor with 366×390pixels is implemented with 0.18-μm 1P4M CMOS image sensor technology. Each pixel with the
size of 12μm×12μm has one pinned photodiode with the dual potential structure, 12 transistors and 3capacitors to
implement three-parallel-output active pixel circuits. A fundamental operation of the implemented TC sensor is
demonstrated.
Ketone bodies: a review of physiology, pathophysiology and application of monitoring to diabetes (1999)

Ketone bodies are produced by the liver and used peripherally as an energy source when glucose is not readily available. The two main ketone bodies are acetoacetate (AcAc) and 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate (3HB), while acetone is the third, and least abundant, ketone body. Ketones are always present in the blood and their levels increase during fasting and prolonged exercise. They are also found in the blood of neonates and pregnant women. Diabetes is the most common pathological cause of elevated blood ketones. In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), high levels of ketones are produced in response to low insulin levels and high levels of counterregulatory hormones. In acute DKA, the ketone body ratio (3HB:AcAc) rises from normal (1:1) to as high as 10:1. In response to insulin therapy, 3HB levels commonly decrease long before AcAc levels. The frequently employed nitroprusside test only detects AcAc in blood and urine. This test is inconvenient, does not assess the best indicator of ketone body levels (3HB), provides only a semiquantitative assessment of ketone levels and is associated with false-positive results. Recently, inexpensive quantitative tests of 3HB levels have become available for use with small blood samples (5-25 microl). These tests offer new options for monitoring and treating diabetes and other states characterized by the abnormal metabolism of ketone bodies.
Programmed cell death in bacteria: translational repression by mRNA end‐pairing (1996)

The hok/sok and pnd systems of plasmids R1 and R483 mediate plasmid maintenance by killing plasmid-free cells. Translation of the exceptionally stable hok and pnd mRNAs is repressed by unstable antisense RNAs. The different stabilities of the killer mRNAs and their cognate repressors explain the onset of translation in plasmid-free cells. The full-length hok and pnd mRNAs are inert with respect to translation and antisense RNA binding. We have previously shown that the mRNAs contain two negative translational control elements. Thus, the mRNAs contain upstream anti-Shine-Dalgarno elements that repress translation by shielding the Shine-Dalgarno elements. The mRNAs also contain fold-back-inhibition elements (fbi) at their 3' ends that are required to maintain the inert mRNA configuration. Using genetic complementation, we show that the 3' fbi elements pair with the very 5' ends of the mRNAs. This pairing sets the low rate of 3' exonucleolytical processing, which is required for the accumulation of an activatable pool of mRNA. Unexpectedly, the hok and pnd mRNAs were found to contain translational activators at their 5' ends (termed tac). Thus, the fbi elements inhibit translation of the full-length mRNAs by sequestration of the tac elements. The fbi elements are removed by 3' exonucleolytical processing. Mutational analyses indicate that the 3' processing triggers refolding of the mRNA 5' ends into translatable configurations in which the 5' tac elements base pair with the anti-Shine-Dalgarno sequences.
Human Biospecimen Research: Experimental Protocol and Quality Control Tools (2009)

International audience
Lidocaine Reduces Neutrophil Recruitment by Abolishing Chemokine-Induced Arrest and Transendothelial Migration in Septic Patients (2013)

The inappropriate activation, positioning, and recruitment of leukocytes are implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple organ failure in sepsis. Although the local anesthetic lidocaine modulates inflammatory processes, the effects of lidocaine in sepsis are still unknown. This double-blinded, prospective, randomized clinical trial was conducted to investigate the effect of lidocaine on leukocyte recruitment in septic patients. Fourteen septic patients were randomized to receive either a placebo (n = 7) or a lidocaine (n = 7) bolus (1.5 mg/kg), followed by continuous infusion (100 mg/h for patients >70 kg or 70 mg/h for patients <70 kg) over a period of 48 h. Selectin-mediated slow rolling, chemokine-induced arrest, and transmigration were investigated by using flow chamber and transmigration assays. Lidocaine treatment abrogated chemokine-induced neutrophil arrest and significantly impaired neutrophil transmigration through endothelial cells by inhibition of the protein kinase C-θ while not affecting the selectin-mediated slow leukocyte rolling. The observed results were not attributable to changes in surface expression of adhesion molecules or selectin-mediated capturing capacity, indicating a direct effect of lidocaine on signal transduction in neutrophils. These data suggest that lidocaine selectively inhibits chemokine-induced arrest and transmigration of neutrophils by inhibition of protein kinase C-θ while not affecting selectin-mediated slow rolling. These findings may implicate a possible therapeutic role for lidocaine in decreasing the inappropriate activation, positioning, and recruitment of leukocytes during sepsis.
Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS)-Mediated Radiovirotherapy for Pancreatic Cancer (2010)

Delivery of (131)I radiotherapy to NIS-expressing tumors can be optimized using micro-SPECT/CT imaging guidance. Significant hurdles exist for NIS as a therapeutic gene for combined radiovirotherapy in this human pancreatic cancer model. The lack of synergy observed with MV-NIS and (131)I in this model was not due to a lack of radiosensitivity but rather to a nonuniform intratumoral distribution of MV-NIS infection.
Human pose estimation from silhouettes: a consistent approach using distance level sets (2002)

We present a novel similarity measure (likelihood) for estimating\nthree-dimensional human pose from image silhouettes in model-based vision\napplications. One of the challenges in\nsuch approaches is the construction of a model-to-image likelihood that\ntruly reflects the good configurations of the problem.\nThis is hard, commonly due to the violation of consistency principle resulting in the\nintroduction of spurious, unrelated peaks/minima that make the search\nfor model localization difficult. We introduce an entirely continuous\nformulation which enforces model estimation consistency by means of an\nattraction/explanation silhouette-based term pair. We subsequently show how the\nproposed method provides significant consolidation and improved attraction zone\naround the desired likelihood configurations and elimination of some of the spurious ones.\nFinally, we present a skeleton-based smoothing method for the image\nsilhouettes that stabilizes and accelerates the search process.
Inkjet printing as a deposition and patterning tool for polymers and inorganic particles (2008)

Inkjet printing is an attractive patterning technology, which has become increasingly accepted for a variety of industrial and scientific applications. This review primarily presents an overview of the investigations that have been conducted since 2003 into inkjet-printing polymers or metal-containing inks and mentions related activities. The first section discusses the droplet-formation process in piezoelectric drop-on-demand printheads and the physical properties that affect droplet formation and the resolution of inkjet-printed features. The second section deals with the issues that arise from printing polymers, such as printability and the output characteristics of devices made by this route. Finally, the challenges and achievements attached to inkjet printing metal-containing inks are discussed before concluding with a few remarks about the future of the field.
Phospholamban Regulates the Ca2+-ATPase through Intramembrane Interactions (1996)

There is clear evidence for direct regulatory protein-protein interactions between phospholamban (PLN) and the Ca2+-ATPase of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SERCA2a) in cytoplasmic domains, but there is less clear evidence for regulatory interactions in the transmembrane domains of the two proteins. We have now coexpressed SERCA isoforms with the transmembrane sequence of PLN and with epitope-tagged transmembrane sequences of PLN to study intramembrane interactions in the absence of cytoplasmic interactions. Coexpression of the transmembrane sequence of phospholamban (Met-PLN28-52) with SERCA1a, SERCA2a, and SERCA3 inhibited Ca2+ transport by lowering apparent Ca2+ affinity. Addition of the hemagglutinin (HA) epitope to the transmembrane sequence of PLN (HA-PLN28-52) or deletion of PLN residues 21-29 (PLN1-20-PLN30-52) "supershifted" apparent Ca2+ affinity to values lower than those observed with native PLN without uncoupling Ca2+ transport from ATP hydrolysis. Inhibition by PLN1-20-PLN30-52 or by Flag-PLN28-52 was reversed by PLN antibody or by Flag antibody, demonstrating that inhibition by these constructs is reversible and that the inhibitory constructs are properly oriented in the membrane. These results suggest that PLN modulates the apparent Ca2+ affinity of SERCA2a through intramembrane interactions, which are disrupted at long range and in concert with disruption of the well characterized cytoplasmic interactions.
<title>Integrated mobile robot control</title> (1991)

This paper describes the strucwre implementation and operation of a real-time mobile robot controller which integrates capabilities such as: position estimation path specification and hacking human interfaces fast communication and multiple client support The benefits of such high-level capabilities in a low-level controller was shown by its implementation for the Naviab autonomous vehicle. In addition performance results from positioning and tracking systems are reported and analyzed.