gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Panel of Tumor Markers for Molecular Detection of Circulating Cancer Cells in Women with Suspected Breast Cancer (2005)

These results suggest that molecular characterization of circulating epithelial cells using mammaglobin and B305D-C offers potential for early detection of invasive breast cancer.
Intra-operative monocular 3D reconstruction for image-guided navigation in active locomotion capsule endoscopy (2012)

Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) can be considered an example of `disruptive technology' since it represents a bright alternative to traditional diagnostic methodologies. However, currently available clinical products are passive devices whose locomotion is driven by natural peristalsis, with the drawback of failing to capture the images of potential pathological gastrointestinal tract regions, due to the impossibility to control the camera's motion and orientation. As a consequence, many research groups are working to develop active locomotion devices and endoscopic platforms that allow WCE to be performed in a totally controlled manner. In this paper we propose a system to reliably calibrate a Shape-from-Shading system to recover the unknown scale factor immediately prior to a WCE procedure. The system would allow to reconstruct in a metrically accurate fashion the surfaces obtained intraoperatively from the WCE capsule, which can be exploited for accurate trajectory planning and ultimately automatic WCE active capsule navigation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first practical system for Shape-from-Shading calibration aimed at guidance applications that will finally be applied to an endoscopic active locomotion platform developed by the authors.
Urinary and erythrocyte polyamines during the evaluation of oral alpha-difluoromethylornithine in a phase I chemoprevention clinical trial. (1993)

Pharmacokinetics of alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) in plasma and polyamine levels in urine and erythrocytes (RBC) of subjects considered to be at a higher-than-normal risk for developing cancer and receiving DFMO in a phase I chemoprevention trial were monitored over a period of 6 months at DFMO doses ranging from 200 to 6400 mg/m2/day. DFMO pharmacokinetics was linear and attained an average peak plasma concentration of 58 micrograms/ml and an average area under the concentration x time curve from 0 to 6 h of 240 micrograms/ml.h at an administered dose of 1600 mg/m2. Transient decreases in RBC polyamine levels were observed in only 3 of 22 subjects; all of the others showed an increase in the levels at some time during DFMO administration. In contrast to these findings, 17 of 22 subjects showed a decline in urinary polyamines; 10 of 22 showed this decline by the end of the first month and the remaining subjects during subsequent administration of the drug. One subject with familial polyposis who had high RBC and urinary polyamine levels prior to DFMO treatment showed a significant decline in urinary polyamines and responded to DFMO treatment with nearly complete resolution of the polyps in the rectal stump. Our results suggest that (a) DFMO concentrations achieved in this study are adequate to modulate polyamine pools as reflected by their reduced urinary excretion; (b) the red blood cell polyamines are not reliable indicators of DFMO activity; and (c) the modulation of polyamines occurs at doses of DFMO that are tolerated by a majority of the subjects.
Clinical Activity of Pertuzumab (rhuMAb 2C4), a HER Dimerization Inhibitor, in Advanced Ovarian Cancer: Potential Predictive Relationship With Tumor HER2 Activation Status (2006)

Pertuzumab is well tolerated with a RR of 4.3% in heavily-pretreated OC patients. Further studies on pHER2 as a diagnostic are warranted.
Stabilization of basic fibroblast growth factor with dextran sulfate (1992)

Dextran sulfate protected bFGF from heat and acid inactivation and from proteolytic degradation. The protective effect was stronger than that of heparin which is known as a stabilizer of bFGF. Dextran sulfate and bFGF formed a high molecular weight complex via ionic interaction when mixed together in aqueous solution. The complex was dissociated when the ionic strength was increased and the protective effect was completely abolished. Successive digestion of bFGF with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease and pepsin followed by affinity chromatography on an immobilized dextran sulfate column and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography yielded three positively charged fragment peptides, Tyr24-Phe30, Tyr106-Trp114 and Tyr124-Leu138. These results suggest that dextran sulfate stabilizes bFGF by binding close to the putative heparin binding sites of the bFGF molecule.
Active Eye-tracking System by Using Quad PTZ Cameras (2007)

There have been many researches on eye-tracking systems to estimate eye gaze and integrated with head movement tracking. In this paper, we describe an active eye- tracking system that can provide usability improvement of human-machine interface (HMI) with quad PTZ cameras. We propose an active tracking architecture for real-time eye- tracking in an open environment to get a wide-angle and long-distance available range. We implemented four following parts: face tracking module by Adaboost algorithm, eye detection module by Cognitive calibration algorithm, active control module by integration algorithm and input control module by diagonal-box checker search. We presented an active eye-tracking system that users can use it in unrestricted posture with different angles and distance to the pc. It can calculate the camera target position and then map the gazing point to screen coordinate. We can choice any user to track eye gazing when there are multi-users in front of the pc. The results provide a useful HMI for large head motion and long distance usages.
Ortho ester hydrolysis: direct evidence for a three-stage reaction mechanism (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrtho ester hydrolysis: direct evidence for a three-stage reaction mechanismM. Ahmad, R. G. Bergstrom, M. J. Cashen, Y. Chiang, A. J. Kresge, R. A. McClelland, and M. F. PowellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 10, 2669–2677Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1979https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00504a030RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views756Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Millaurine and Acetylmillaurine: Alkaloids from Millettia laurentii (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMillaurine and Acetylmillaurine: Alkaloids from Millettia laurentiiD. Ngamga, S. N. Y. Fanso Free, Z. T. Fomum, A. Chiaroni, C. Riche, M. T. Martin, and B. BodoCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1993, 56, 12, 2126–2132Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 December 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/np50102a015RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views136Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (387 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Antigen-binding site protection during radiolabeling leads to a higher immunoreactive fraction. (1991)

It is generally accepted that the immunointegrity of an antibody (Ab) depends on the preservation of its antigen-binding sites. Our goal was to radiolabel an antibody at several iodine:antibody molar ratios under conditions protecting its combining site and to compare its immunoreactive fraction (IRF) and electrophoretic mobility with those of the same antibody radiolabeled without protection. The data indicate that an antibody radiolabeled while its antigen-binding site is occupied by its antigen had the same IRF, regardless of the number of iodine atoms per antibody molecule. On the other hand, even at an I:Ab ratio of 1:1, the IRF of the same antibody radiolabeled without protection was lower than that of a protected one and decreased with increasing I:Ab ratios. In addition, the iodination of these Ab changes their electrophoretic mobility; however, when the Ab is labeled in the protected state, the degree of change is less. The binding of an antibody to its antigen prior to radiolabeling, therefore, enhances its immuno-integrity and prevents major conformational changes as reflected by electrophoresis.
Monoclonal antibodies inhibit prion replication and delay the development of prion disease (2003)

Prion diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) are fatal, neuro-degenerative disorders with no known therapy. A proportion of the UK population has been exposed to a bovine spongiform encephalopathy-like prion strain and are at risk of developing variant CJD. A hallmark of prion disease is the transformation of normal cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) into an infectious disease-associated isoform, PrP(Sc). Recent in vitro studies indicate that anti-PrP monoclonal antibodies with little or no affinity for PrP(Sc) can prevent the incorporation of PrP(C) into propagating prions. We therefore investigated in a murine scrapie model whether anti-PrP monoclonal antibodies show similar inhibitory effects on prion replication in vivo. We found that peripheral PrP(Sc) levels and prion infectivity were markedly reduced, even when the antibodies were first administered at the point of near maximal accumulation of PrP(Sc) in the spleen. Furthermore, animals in which the treatment was continued remained healthy for over 300 days after equivalent untreated animals had succumbed to the disease. These findings indicate that immunotherapeutic strategies for human prion diseases are worth pursuing.
Sulfur-Doped Laser-Induced Porous Graphene Derived from Polysulfone-Class Polymers and Membranes (2017)

Graphene based materials have profoundly impacted research in nanotechnology, and this has significantly advanced biomedical, electronics, energy, and environmental applications. Laser-induced graphene (LIG) is made photothermally and has enabled a rapid route for graphene layers on polyimide surfaces. However, polysulfone (PSU), poly(ether sulfone) (PES), and polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) are highly used in numerous applications including medical, energy, and water treatment and they are critical components of polymer membranes. Here we show LIG fabrication on PSU, PES, and PPSU resulting in conformal sulfur-doped porous graphene embedded in polymer dense films or porous substrates using reagent- and solvent-free methods in a single step. We demonstrate the applicability as flexible electrodes with enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen peroxide generation, as antifouling surfaces and as antimicrobial hybrid membrane-LIG porous filters. The properties and surface morphology of the conductive PSU-, PES-, and PPSU-LIG could be modulated using variable laser duty cycles. The LIG electrodes showed enhanced hydrogen peroxide generation compared to LIG made on polyimide, and showed exceptional biofilm resistance and potent antimicrobial killing effects when treated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and mixed bacterial culture. The hybrid PES-LIG membrane-electrode ensured complete elimination of bacterial viability in the permeate (6 log reduction), in a flow-through filtration mode at a water flux of ∼500 L m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> (2.5 V) and at ∼22 000 L m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> (20 V). Due to the widespread use of PSU, PES, and PPSU in modern society, these functional PSU-, PES-, and PPSU-LIG surfaces have great potential to be incorporated into biomedical, electronic, energy and environmental devices and technologies.
Host Range and Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens (2005)

An updated literature survey identified 1,407 recognized species of human pathogen, 58% of which are zoonotic. Of the total, 177 are regarded as emerging or reemerging. Zoonotic pathogens are twice as likely to be in this category as are nonzoonotic pathogens. Emerging and reemerging pathogens are not strongly associated with particular types of nonhuman hosts, but they are most likely to have the broadest host ranges. Emerging and reemerging zoonoses are associated with a wide range of drivers, but changes in land use and agriculture and demographic and societal changes are most commonly cited. However, although zoonotic pathogens do represent the most likely source of emerging and reemerging infectious disease, only a small minority have proved capable of causing major epidemics in the human population.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the preoptic-hypothalamic region of the rat contain lamprey gonadotropin-releasing hormone III, mammalian luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, or both peptides (2002)

This study utilized a newly developed antiserum, specific for lamprey gonadotropin-releasing hormone III (l-GnRH-III), to determine the following: in which regions of the rat hypothalamus the neuronal perikarya producing l-GnRH-III are localized; and whether this peptide, known to selectively induce follicle-stimulating hormone release, is coexpressed in neurons containing mammalian luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (m-LHRH). Double-label immunocytochemistry was performed by using an l-GnRH-III polyclonal antiserum and an LHRH monoclonal antiserum. Immunopositive neurons for l-GnRH-III, m-LHRH, or neurons coexpressing both peptides were detected within the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis (OVLT) region of the preoptic area (POA). Caudal to the OVLT, l-GnRH-III-positive neurons were also observed dorso-medially, above the third ventricle in the medial POA. The m-LHRH neurons were not observed in this area. The lateral POA region contained neurons positive for both peptides along with single-labeled neurons for each peptide. Importantly, neurons that expressed l-GnRH-III, m-LHRH, or both peptides were also detected in the ventral regions of the rostral hypothalamus, dorsolateral to the borders of the supraoptic nuclei. In both of these latter areas, neurons containing l-GnRH-III were slightly dorsal to neurons containing only m-LHRH. The l-GnRH-III perikarya and fibers were eliminated by absorption of the primary antiserum with l-GnRH-III, but not by l-GnRH-I, chicken-GnRH-II, or m-LHRH. These results indicate that, unlike other isoforms of GnRH found in the mammalian brain, l-GnRH-III neurons not only are observed in regions that control follicle-stimulating hormone release but also are colocalized with m-LHRH neurons in areas primarily controlling LH release. These findings suggest an interrelationship between these two peptides in the control of gonadotropin secretion.
A Review of Sterilization and Disinfection: As Applied to Medical, Industrial and Laboratory Practice (1965)

The prevention of cross-infection is to such an extent immanent in the design of hospitals that a bacteriological as well as an architectural view of a new book on the subject is appropriate.During the last few years bacterio- logical investigations in old-style hospitals have given a considerably more precise understanding of some of the hazards deriving from old-style layout and structure and, in reading this book, one must, therefore, ask how far the authors appear to have taken bacteriological research into account and how far the final synthesis satisfies a bacteriologist's hopes.
The third evolution of ionic liquids: active pharmaceutical ingredients (2007)

A modular, ionic liquid (IL)-based strategy allows compartmentalized molecular level design of a wide range of new materials with tunable biological, as well as the well known physical and chemical, properties of ILs, which thus deserve consideration as ‘tunable’ active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with novel performance enhancement and delivery options. IL strategies can take advantage of the dual nature (discrete ions) of ILs to realize enhancements which may include controlled solubility (e.g., both hydrophilic and hydrophobic ILs are possible), bioavailability or bioactivity, stability, elimination of polymorphism, new delivery options (e.g., slow release or the IL-API as ‘solvent’), or even customized pharmaceutical cocktails. Here we exemplify this approach with, among others, lidocaine docusate (LD), a hydrophobic room temperature IL which, when compared to lidocaine hydrochloride, exhibits modified solubility, increased thermal stability, and a significant enhancement in the efficacy of topical analgesia in two different models of mouse antinociception. Studies of the suppression of nerve growth factor mediated neuronal differentiation in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells suggests potential differences between LD and lidocaine hydrochloride at the cellular level indicating an entirely different mechanism of action. Taken together these results suggest that the unique physiochemical properties of ILs in general, may confer a novel effect for the bioactivity of an API due to (at least) slow-release properties in addition to novel delivery mechanisms.
The role of citric acid in intermediate metabolism in animal tissues (1980)

In the present paper experiments are reported which throw new light on the problem of the intermediate stages of oxidation of carbohydrate; in conjunction with the work of S zent ‐G yörgyi 20 ), S tare and B aumann 19 ) and M artius and K noop 13 , 14 ) the new experiments allow us to outline the principal steps of the oxidation of sugar in animal tissues.
Enrichment of Immediate-Early 1 (m123/pp89) Peptide-Specific CD8 T Cells in a Pulmonary CD62LloMemory-Effector Cell Pool during Latent Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection of the Lungs (2000)

Interstitial cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia is a clinically relevant complication in recipients of bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Recent data for a model of experimental syngeneic BMT and concomitant infection of BALB/c mice with murine CMV (mCMV) have documented the persistence of tissue-resident CD8 T cells after clearance of productive infection of the lungs (J. Podlech, R. Holtappels, M.-F. Pahl-Seibert, H.-P. Steffens, and M. J. Reddehase, J. Virol. 74:7496-7507, 2000). It was proposed that these cells represent antiviral "standby" memory cells whose functional role might be to help prevent reactivation of latent virus. The pool of pulmonary CD8 T cells was composed of two subsets defined by the T-cell activation marker L-selectin (CD62L): a CD62L(hi) subset of quiescent memory cells, and a CD62L(lo) subset of recently resensitized memory-effector cells. In this study, we have continued this line of investigation by quantitating CD8 T cells specific for the three currently published antigenic peptides of mCMV: peptide YPHFMPTNL processed from the immediate-early protein IE1 (pp89), and peptides YGPSLYRRF and AYAGLFTPL, derived from the early proteins m04 (gp34) and M84 (p65), respectively. IE1-specific CD8 T cells dominated in acute-phase pulmonary infiltrates and were selectively enriched in latently infected lungs. Notably, most IE1-specific CD8 T cells were found to belong to the CD62L(lo) subset representing memory-effector cells. This finding is in accordance with the interpretation that IE1-specific CD8 T cells are frequently resensitized during latent infection of the lungs and may thus be involved in the maintenance of mCMV latency.
Physical Environment and Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation (1963)

The effect of root temperatures (5-30°0) on the growth and symbiotic nitrogen fixation by nodulated plants of four varieties of Trifolium subterraneum L., inoculated with each of two strains of Rhizobium trifolii, was examined.
Identification of the G13 (cAMP-response-element-binding protein-related protein) gene product related to activating transcription factor 6 as a transcriptional activator of the mammalian unfolded protein response (2001)

Eukaryotic cells control the levels of molecular chaperones and folding enzymes in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by a transcriptional induction process termed the unfolded protein response (UPR). The mammalian UPR is mediated by the cis-acting ER stress response element consisting of 19nt (CCAATN9CCACG), the CCACG part of which is considered to provide specificity. We recently identified the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) protein ATF6 as a mammalian UPR-specific transcription factor; ATF6 is activated by ER stress-induced proteolysis and binds directly to CCACG. Here we report that eukaryotic cells express another bZIP protein closely related to ATF6 in both structure and function. This protein encoded by the G13 (cAMP response element binding protein-related protein) gene is constitutively synthesized as a type II transmembrane glycoprotein anchored in the ER membrane and processed into a soluble form upon ER stress as occurs with ATF6. The proteolytic processing of ATF6 and the G13 gene product is accompanied by their relocation from the ER to the nucleus; their basic regions seem to function as a nuclear localization signal. Overexpression of the soluble form of the G13 product constitutively activates the UPR, whereas overexpression of a mutant lacking the activation domain exhibits a strong dominant-negative effect. Furthermore, the soluble forms of ATF6 and the G13 gene product are unable to bind to several point mutants of the cis-acting ER stress response element in vitro that hardly respond to ER stress in vivo. We thus concluded that the two related bZIP proteins are crucial transcriptional regulators of the mammalian UPR, and propose calling the ATF6 gene product ATF6α and the G13 gene product ATF6β.