gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lythraceae Alkaloids. I. Isolation and Structural Studies of the Alkaloids of Decodon verticillatus (L.) Ell.1 (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLythraceae Alkaloids. I. Isolation and Structural Studies of the Alkaloids of Decodon verticillatus (L.) Ell.1James P. FerrisCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 9, 2985–2990Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01056a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01056a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views196Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chromatin organization in isolated nuclei: Flow cytometric characterization employing forward and perpendicular light scatter (1988)

Flow cytometric perpendicular and forward light scatters have been employed to evaluate whether the changes in chromatin organization due to ionic strength, Mg++ concentration and pH, visible in electron microscopy, can be monitored by flow cytometry. The average intensity of the perpendicular light scatter signal increased as nuclear chromatin became decondensed by lowering the ionic strength or releasing H1 histone at low pH values. These results indicate that flow cytometry signals and in particular the perpendicular light scatter allow the detection of the conformational transitions in chromatin and may therefore be useful for studying cell cycle associated morphological changes in isolated nuclei.
Homonojirimycin Isomers and Glycosides from Aglaonema treubii (1997)

A 50% aqueous EtOH extract of Aglaonema treubii found to potently inhibit α-glucosidase was subjected to various ion-exchange column chromatographic steps to give 2(R),5(R)-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3(R),4(R)-dihydroxypyrrolidine (1), α-homonojirimycin (2), β-homonojirimycin (3), α-homomannojirimycin (4), β-homomannojirimycin (5), α-3,4-di-epi-homonojirimycin (6), 7-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-α-homonojirimycin (7), and 5-O-α-d-galactopyranosyl-α-homonojirimycin (8). Compounds 1 and 2 are known inhibitors of various α-glucosidases. Compounds 6 and 8 are new natural products. Compounds 3−5 and 7 have been chemically synthesized previously, but this is the first report of their natural occurrence.
Stable electric-field driven cone-jetting of concentrated biosuspensions (2006)

Electrospraying, or electrohydrodynamic jetting, is one of several jet-based technologies being explored to process living biological organisms. One of the key advantages of electrospraying is its ability to deposit advanced materials with high resolution that cannot be obtained with other competing technologies, such as ink-jet printing. However, to generate a controlled droplet size distribution in the micrometre range necessary for precision drop and placement of materials requires jetting in stable cone-jet mode. In this paper, we describe the experimental set-up and conditions by which electrospray jetting in stable cone-jet is achieved and use this methodology to process a highly concentrated biological suspension having 10(7) cells ml(-1), the highest cellular loading processed to this day by a jetting approach in this jet based category. The areas of study to which this technology may be applied span the physical and the life sciences.
Visibility of ultrasound-guided echogenic needle and its potential in clinical delivery of regional anesthesia. (2014)

The better visibility of the tip of CCR indicates that it is superior to S in the clinical delivery of peripheral nerve block.
Fibroblast Growth Factor‐2 Accelerates Invasion of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2005)

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the effects of fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2) on cancer cell invasion and on fibroblast proliferation in an in vitro model of invasion. Three kinds of human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines with different invasive activity were used: OSC‐20, OSC‐19 (lower invasive type), and HOC313 (higher invasive type). FGF‐2 and its high‐affinity receptors FGFR‐1 and FGFR‐2 were detected by western blotting. The expression of FGF‐2 and FGFRs mRNA was examined in cultured human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Furthermore, recombinant human FGF‐2 (rhFGF‐2) was reacted with each cell line, and the invasion rate was determined by invasion assay. We also observed the behavior of cancer cell invasion in the collagen gel invasion model in the presence or absence of FGF‐2‐neutralizing antibody (anti‐FGF‐2). HOC313 cells showed higher expression of FGF‐2 than OSC‐20 and OSC‐19 cells. The addition of rhFGF‐2 promoted not only the proliferation of fibroblasts, but also the invasion of all cancer cell lines. In contrast, the addition of anti‐FGF‐2 completely inhibited the invasion of OSC‐20 and OSC‐19 cells. These results suggest that a higher invasiveness of squamous carcinoma cells is associated with higher production of FGF‐2, which acts in an autocrine fashion to promote cancer cell invasion, and in a paracrine fashion to promote fibroblast proliferation.
Collective Cell Migration: A Mechanistic Perspective (2013)

Collective cell migration is fundamental to gaining insights into various important biological processes such as wound healing and cancer metastasis. In particular, recent in vitro studies and in silico simulations suggest that mechanics can explain the social behavior of multicellular clusters to a large extent with minimal knowledge of various cellular signaling pathways. These results suggest that a mechanistic perspective is necessary for a comprehensive and holistic understanding of collective cell migration, and this review aims to provide a broad overview of such a perspective.
Genetics of endometriosis: a role for the progesterone receptor gene polymorphism PROGINS? (2004)

Summary objective Endometriosis is a steroid‐dependent disease with a particular genetic background, but the locations of possible genomic aberrations are still poorly clarified. We have investigated the potential association between endometriosis and the PROGINS 306 base pair insertion polymorphism in intron G of the progesterone receptor (PR) gene, which has been reported previously to segregate with this disease. design In a case‐control study, we examined the PROGINS polymorphism of the progesterone receptor gene in 131 Italian women affected by endometriosis diagnosed according to published criteria for the definition of the definite disease. Control subjects were represented by 127 Italian women without laparoscopic evidence of the disease. measurements Peripheral blood samples, DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to genotype women for the presence of the PROGINS polymorphism. results We found a statistically significant difference in the distribution of PROGINS genotypes between patients with and without endometriosis. The frequency of the PROGINS allele T2 was 17·2% and 11%, respectively, in affected women and in controls [odds ratio (OR) = 1·7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·0–2·8]. This association was stronger in patients with more severe forms of endometriosis, such as an infiltrating disease or a disease characterized by severe pelvic adhesions (OR 2·4, 95% CI 1·2–4·8; and OR 2·7, 95% CI 1·4–5·3, respectively). Combination of the results from an earlier study and the current data indicates that carrying the allele variant T2 is associated with a twofold increase in the risk of developing endometriosis (OR 2·0, 95% CI 1·3–2·9). conclusions Our results further support the idea that the PROGINS polymorphism of the progesterone receptor may be associated with an increased risk of endometriosis.
Differential scanning calorimetry as a general method for determining the purity and heat of fusion of high-purity organic chemicals. Application to 95 compounds (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDifferential scanning calorimetry as a general method for determining the purity and heat of fusion of high-purity organic chemicals. Application to 95 compoundsCandace. Plato and Augustus R. GlasgowCite this: Anal. Chem. 1969, 41, 2, 330–336Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60271a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60271a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1416Altmetric-Citations229LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Glutathione S-Transferase p Elicits Protection against H2O2-induced Cell Death via Coordinated Regulation of Stress Kinases (2000)

To elucidate mechanisms underlying glutathione S-transferase p (GSTp)-mediated cellular protection against oxidative stress-induced cell death, the effect of GSTp on stress signaling pathways was investigated before and after H2O2 treatment. Under nonstressed conditions, increased expression of GSTp via a tet-off-inducible GSTp in NIH 3T3 cells increased the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase 4, p38, extracellular receptor kinase (ERK), and inhibitor of kappa-kinase (IKK), and reduced phosphorylation of MAP kinase kinase 7 and Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK). Whereas H2O2 treatment of cells induced JNK, p38, and IKK activities, in the presence of H2O2 and elevated GSTp expression there was an additional increase in ERK, p38, and IKK activities and a decrease in JNK activity. GSTp-mediated protection from H2O2-induced death was attenuated upon inhibition of p38, nuclear factor KB, or MAP kinase by dominant negative or pharmacological inhibitors. Conversely, expression of a dominant negative JNK protected cells from H2O2-mediated death. These data suggest that the coordinated regulation of stress kinases by GSTp, as reflected by increased p38, ERK, and nuclear factor kappaB activities together with suppression of JNK signaling, contributes to protection of cells against reactive oxygen species-mediated death.
GIBBERELLIN BIOSYNTHESIS: Enzymes, Genes and Their Regulation (1997)

The recent impressive progress in research on gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis has resulted primarily from cloning of genes encoding biosynthetic enzymes and studies with GA-deficient and GA-insensitive mutants. Highlights include the cloning of ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase and ent-kaurene synthase (formally ent-kaurene synthases A and B) and the demonstration that the former is targeted to the plastid; the finding that the Dwarf-3 gene of maize encodes a cytochrome P450, although of unknown function; and the cloning of GA 20-oxidase and 3beta-hydroxylase genes. The availability of cDNA and genomic clones for these enzymes is enabling the mechanisms by which GA concentrations are regulated by environmental and endogenous factors to be studied at the molecular level. For example, it has been shown that transcript levels for GA 20-oxidase and 3beta-hydroxylase are subject to feedback regulation by GA action and, in the case of the GA 20-oxidase, are regulated by light. Also discussed is other new information, particularly from mutants, that has added to our understanding of the biosynthetic pathway, the enzymes, and their regulation and tissue localization.
Antibody Class Switching Mediated by Yeast Endonuclease-Generated DNA Breaks (2006)

Antibody class switching in activated B cells uses class switch recombination (CSR), which joins activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)-dependent double-strand breaks (DSBs) within two large immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) locus switch (S) regions that lie up to 200 kilobases apart. To test postulated roles of S regions and AID in CSR, we generated mutant B cells in which donor Smu and accepter Sgamma1 regions were replaced with yeast I-SceI endonuclease sites. We found that site-specific I-SceI DSBs mediate recombinational IgH locus class switching from IgM to IgG1 without S regions or AID. We propose that CSR evolved to exploit a general DNA repair process that promotes joining of widely separated DSBs within a chromosome.
Characterization of Chlamydia pneumoniae species-specific proteins immunodominant in humans (1994)

Proteins of Chlamydia pneumoniae immunodominant in humans were characterized with the sera of 13 patients who were not likely to have been exposed to C. trachomatis or C. psittaci. The serological responses among these patients were similar on a qualitative basis, but some differences were found quantitatively. However, the serological responses of the patients who were infected with C. pneumoniae differed markedly from those of two patients who were infected with C. trachomatis and two who were infected with C. psittaci and those of mice that were transtracheally infected with C. pneumoniae. Among proteins immunodominant in the patients who were infected with C. pneumoniae, a 40-kDa major outer membrane protein was genus specific and 53-, 46-, and 43-kDa proteins were species specific in their reactions with the majority of the human sera used. A few sera reacted strongly with a 73-kDa protein genus specifically. Some proteins with weak immunogenicity exhibited species specificity. An antigenic analysis with human sera and murine monoclonal antibodies against the 53-kDa protein showed that hte antigenicities were strictly conserved among the seven strains of C. pneumoniae tested. The genus-specific 73-kDa protein was solubilized with octylglucoside. All of the species-specific immunodominant proteins were solubilized with sodium dodecyl sulfate, but the genus-specific major outer membrane protein was not. These results suggest that a serological diagnosis of C. pneumoniae infection could be achieved species specifically by comparison of the serum responses to sodium dodecyl sulfate- and octylglucoside-soluble fractions.
A cobalt-porphyrin enzyme converts a fatty aldehyde to a hydrocarbon and CO. (1992)

The final step in hydrocarbon biosynthesis involves loss of CO from a fatty aldehyde. This decarbonylation is catalyzed by microsomes from Botyrococcus braunii. Among the several detergents tested for solubilizing the decarbonylase, octyl beta-glucoside (0.1%) was found to be the most effective and released 65% of the enzyme activity in soluble form. FPLC of the solubilized enzyme preparation with Superose 6 followed by ion-exchange FPLC with Mono Q resulted in 200-fold increase in specific activity with 7% recovery. The purified enzyme released nearly 1 mol of CO for each mol of hydrocarbon. SDS/PAGE of the enzyme preparation showed two protein bands of equal intensity at 66 and 55 kDa. The absorption spectrum of the enzyme with bands at 410 nm, 425 nm, 580 nm, and 620 nm suggests the presence of a porphyrin. Electron microprobe analysis revealed that the enzyme contained Co. Purification of the decarbonylase from B. braunii grown in 57CoCl2 showed that 57Co coeluted with the decarbonylase. These results suggest that the enzyme contains Co that might be part of a Co-porphyrin, although a corrin structure cannot be ruled out. Co-protoporphyrin IX itself caused decarbonylation of octadecanal at 60 degrees C, whereas the metal ion or protoporphyrin alone, or several other metal porphyrins, did not cause decarbonylation. These results strongly suggest that biosynthesis of hydrocarbons is effected by a microsomal Co-porphyrin-containing enzyme that catalyzes decarbonylation of aldehydes and, thus, reveal a biological function for Co in plants.
Prostaglandin E2 elicits a morphological change in cultured orbital fibroblasts from patients with Graves ophthalmopathy. (1994)

Fibroblasts derived from distinct anatomical regions appear to differ in regard to their behavior in culture. These differences may reflect functions of these cells in vivo that are tissue specific. Moreover, intrinsic differences in fibroblasts may underlie the site-specific connective tissue manifestations associated with systemic disease. We have demonstrated previously that orbital fibroblasts exhibit different cytokine response domains and protein synthetic programs when compared to those emanating from the skin. In the present communication, we demonstrate that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) elicits in cultured human orbital fibroblasts from patients with Graves ophthalmopathy a rapid and dramatic change in cell morphology in vitro as assessed by phase-contrast and scanning electron microscopy. The central areas of the cells become elevated with respect to the plane of the substratum and are stellate, with long processes that touch neighboring cells. These changes occur within 6 hr of prostanoid addition to culture medium at an apparent concentration threshold of approximately 10 nM. Shape changes are accompanied by marked alterations in monolayer impedance as assessed by electric cell-substrate impedance sensing as described previously. Both morphologic and impedance changes elicited by PGE2 revert over 24 hr toward those found in untreated cells despite the continued presence of the prostanoid in the culture medium. In contrast, dermal fibroblasts fail to respond to PGE2. These observations define a previously unrecognized phenotypic attribute of orbital fibroblasts. Intrinsic differences in these cells may account for the anatomic site-selective vulnerability of the orbit in Graves ophthalmopathy. The culture system described here may be useful for studying the morphogenic actions of prostanoids.
Current practice in the diagnosis and management of IBD-associated anaemia and iron deficiency in Germany: The German AnaemIBD Study (2014)

Although intravenous iron supplementation is recommended in IBD patients, current German practice still relies on oral therapy, even in severe anaemia. The high incidence of severe anaemia in this cohort reflects inadequate iron replacement and status monitoring. While the proportion of IBD patients with inadequately treated anaemia/iron deficiency is unknown, greater awareness of existing guidelines for iron deficiency management in IBD patients appears necessary.
Gene expression of tumor necrosis factor α and TNF-receptors, p55 and p75, in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients (2001)

The main objective of this study was to analyze the pathogenic role of the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) system in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Fifty-two obese patients were studied. We investigated: (1) the expression of mRNA of TNF-alpha and their p55 and p75-receptors by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in hepatic and adipose tissues; and (2) the relationship between TNF-alpha, p55, and p75 and the severity of NASH. Obese patients without NASH were the control group. A remarkable increase in the expression of mRNA of TNF-alpha was found in patients with NASH in hepatic tissue (0.65 +/- 0.54) and in peripheral fat (0.43 +/- 0.45); in the control samples, the mRNA expression was 0.28 +/- 0.32, P <.007, and 0.26 +/- 0.22, P <.018, respectively. Furthermore, we found a significant increase in the mRNA levels of p55 receptor (2.42 +/- 1.81 vs. 1.56 +/- 1.17; P <.05); however, the mRNA expression of the p75 receptor was similar in both patients. Those patients with NASH with significant fibrosis presented an increase in the expression of mRNA TNF-alpha in comparison with those with a slight or nonexistent fibrosis. An overexpression of TNF-alpha mRNA is found in the liver and in the adipose tissue of NASH patients. The levels of mRNA-p55 are increased in the liver tissue of NASH patients. This overexpression is more elevated in patients with more advanced NASH. These findings suggest that the TNF-alpha system may be involved in the pathogenesis of NASH.
Natural Occurrence and Industrial Applications of d‐Amino Acids: An Overview (2010)

Interest in D-amino acids has increased in recent decades with the development of new analytical methods highlighting their presence in all kingdoms of life. Their involvement in physiological functions, and the presence of metabolic routes for their synthesis and degradation have been shown. Furthermore, D-amino acids are gaining considerable importance in the pharmaceutical industry. The immense amount of information scattered throughout the literature makes it difficult to achieve a general overview of their applications. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art on D-amino acid applications and occurrence, providing both established and neophyte researchers with a comprehensive introduction to this topic.
Characterization of the natural hemagglutinins in normal rat serum associated with a negative phase following tumor implantation. (1956)

Natural heteroagglutinins for human red cells present in the serum of normal, mature rats, showing a “negative phase” in antibody titer following tumor implantation, have been characterized.



1. The natural hemagglutinin peculiar to PA strain serum, reacting with human blood group AB and A cells, was found to be serologically related to the blood group A specific substance.

2. None of the natural heteroagglutinins reacting with blood group B and O cells was serologically related to either the blood group B or the O (H) specific substances.

3. The antibody causing agglutination in low titer of group B and O cells was shown to be reacting with a substance common to cells of all the four blood groups. This natural heteroagglutinin appears to be present in the serum of all three rat strains studied.

4. Trypsinization of cells of all four blood groups appears to “uncover” an antigen common to all the cells.

5. The ability of normal rat serum to agglutinate the normal human group B and O erythrocytes would seem to depend upon the presence of an antigen on the cell surface.

6. There is no indication that the natural hemagglutinins characterized in this study are heterophile or anti-species antibodies.