gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Infectious exanthems and unusual infections. (2000)

Invasive disease due to group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) can be divided into 3 categories of disease: streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (strepTSS), necrotizing fasciitis, and other invasive GABHS disease. Patients with strepTSS may have multiorgan failure within hours of presentation. Clindamycin and penicillin G should be used in combination for treatment of invasive GABHS disease. The mortality rate for menstrual staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome has decreased with early recognition and treatment, and removal of hyperabsorbent tampons from the market. Kawasaki syndrome (KS) is the most common cause of acquired heart disease in children in the U. S., and atypical forms have a higher mortality rate than typical KS. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is a zoonosis with an 80% mortality rate if the diagnosis is not made on first presentation and patients return to the hospital in shock. Children and adolescents with Lyme disease have an excellent prognosis and respond well to antimicrobial therapy. Cat scratch disease (CSD) is caused by Bartonella henselae and is transmitted by flea-infested kittens. CSD lymphadenopathy typically resolves spontaneously in 2ñ3 months; however, there is a 50% likelihood of resolution in 1 month if patients receive a 5-day treatment course with azithromycin.
Kinetics of the Decarburization of Molten Fe-Cr Alloy with CO<SUB>2</SUB>-CO-Ar Mixture or Chromic Oxide (1979)

Measurements have been done on the decarburization rate of the levitated Fe-13%Cr droplets with CO2-CO and CO2-Ar mixtures. The decarburization with CO2-CO mixture proceeded by keeping the value of %C×%O constant in the extent of no oxide appearance. The rate equation obtained from the analysis of the decarburization of molten iron was applied to the experimental results. It was confirmed that the reaction was determined by the mass transfer between the two phases. Also measurements have been done on the decarburization of the molten alloy in Ar atmosphare with chromic oxide, which is formed during the reaction with CO2-Ar mixture. It was estimated from the consideration that the reduction rate of the chromic oxide with carbon dissolved in the molten alloy was determined by the dissolution rate of the chromic oxide at the high concentration of carbon and by the transfer of carbon to the interface of the reaction with oxygen dissolved from the oxide at the low concentration of carbon.
Metformin exerts antitumor activity via induction of multiple death pathways in tumor cells and activation of a protective immune response (2018)

The antitumor effect of metformin has been demonstrated in several types of cancer; however, the mechanisms involved are incompletely understood. In this study, we showed that metformin acts directly on melanoma cells as well as on the tumor microenvironment, particularly in the context of the immune response. <i>In vitro</i>, metformin induces a complex interplay between apoptosis and autophagy in melanoma cells. The anti-metastatic activity of metformin <i>in vivo</i> was assessed in several mouse models challenged with B16F10 cells. Metformin's activity was, in part, immune system-dependent, whereas its antitumor properties were abrogated in immunodeficient (NSG) mice. Metformin treatment increased the number of lung CD8-effector-memory T and CD4<sup>+</sup>Foxp3<sup>+</sup>IL-10<sup>+</sup> T cells in B16F10-transplanted mice. It also decreased the levels of Gr-1<sup>+</sup>CD11b<sup>+</sup> and RORγ<sup>+</sup> IL17<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup> cells in B16F10-injected mice and the anti-metastatic effect was impaired in RAG-1<sup>-/-</sup> mice challenged with B16F10 cells, suggesting an important role for T cells in the protection induced by metformin. Finally, metformin in combination with the clinical metabolic agents rapamycin and sitagliptin showed a higher antitumor effect. The metformin/sitagliptin combination was effective in a BRAFV600E/PTEN tamoxifen-inducible murine melanoma model. Taken together, these results suggest that metformin has a pronounced effect on melanoma cells, including the induction of a strong protective immune response in the tumor microenvironment, leading to tumor growth control, and the combination with other metabolic agents may increase this effect.
Increased ribosomal accuracy increases a programmed translational frameshift in Escherichia coli. (1993)

We have tested the effect of increased ribosomal fidelity on a modified version of the programmed release factor 2 (RF2) translational frameshift. In the constructs tested, the original UGA codon at the site of the shift was replaced by either of two sense codons, UGG (tryptophan), which allows a frameshift of approximately 13%, or CUG (leucine), which allows a frameshift of only approximately 2%. We confirmed the results of Curran and Yarus [Curran, J. F. & Yarus, M. (1989) J. Mol. Biol. 209, 65-77] in a wild-type ribosomal host, including a reduction of the UGG shift following induction of tRNA(Trp) from a plasmid copy of the tRNA gene. But to our surprise, in a hyperaccurate streptomycin pseudo-dependent host, the UGG frameshift increased to more than 50%. When we added a tRNA(Trp) plasmid to these cells, induction of the tRNA(Trp) gene reduced the shift back to approximately 7%. Messenger RNA levels did not vary greatly under these different induced conditions. Other increased accuracy alleles also showed increased frameshifting with UGG at the frameshift site. All increased accuracy alleles led to slower translation rates, and there appeared to be a proportionality between the extent of reduction of synthesis for the in-frame reporter and the extent of UGG frameshift for the out-of-frame reporter. There were little effects of increased accuracy on the lower level CUG frameshift. However, over-production of the cognate tRNA(1Leu) dramatically reduced even this lower level of shift, despite the fact that tRNA(1Leu) is already the most abundant isoacceptor in Escherichia coli. These results can be rationalized by following the hypothesis of Curran and Yarus as follows: with wild-type ribosomes, limited availability of tRNA(Trp) (about 1% of total tRNA) facilitates a pause at the UGG codon (due to the vacant A site), allowing increased opportunity for ribosome realignment. Excess tRNA(Trp) reduces the time the A site is vacant and thus reduces the frameshift. The slower hyperaccurate ribosomes increase the pause time and thus increase the opportunity for shifting, a process again reversed by increasing the in-frame cognate tRNA(Trp). These data provide strong support for a model in which the extent of ribosome pause time at a programmed frameshift site is a major determinant in the efficiency of the frameshift and in which tRNA availability can be a major influence on this process.
Stochastic superoptimization (2013)

We formulate the loop-free binary superoptimization task as a stochastic search problem. The competing constraints of transformation correctness and performance improvement are encoded as terms in a cost function, and a Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampler is used to rapidly explore the space of all possible programs to find one that is an optimization of a given target program. Although our method sacrifices completeness, the scope of programs we are able to consider, and the resulting quality of the programs that we produce, far exceed those of existing superoptimizers. Beginning from binaries compiled by llvm -O0 for 64-bit x86, our prototype implementation, STOKE, is able to produce programs which either match or outperform the code produced by gcc -O3, icc -O3, and in some cases, expert handwritten assembly.
Posterior based keyword spotting with a priori thresholds (2006)

In this paper, we propose a new posterior based scoring approach for keyword and non keyword (garbage) elements. The estimation of these scores is based on HMM state posterior probability definition, taking into account long contextual information and the prior knowledge (e.g. keyword model topology). The state posteriors are then integrated into keyword and garbage posteriors for every frame. These posteriors are used to make a decision on detection of the keyword at each frame. The frame level decisions are then accumulated (in this case, by counting) to make a global decision on having the keyword in the utterance. In this way, the contribution of possible outliers are minimized, as opposed to the conventional Viterbi decoding approach which accumulates likelihoods. Experiments on keywords from the Conversational Telephone Speech (CTS) and Numbers'95 databases are reported. Results show that the new scoring approach leads to better trade off between true and false alarms compared to the Viterbi decoding approach, while also providing the possibility to precalculate keyword specific spotting thresholds related to the length of the keywords.
Copolymer 1 as therapy for multiple sclerosis: the cons. (1988)

One of the hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (MS) is intra-blood-brain-barrier (BBB) IgG synthesis, a byproduct of plasma cells located in and around active inflammatory demyelinating plaques. The rate of IgG synthesis can be measured by plugging CSF and blood IgG and albumin concentrations into our equation. When done in conjunction with CSF and serum analyses for IgG oligoclonal bands, 99% of definite MS patients demonstrate intra-BBB IgG synthesis. At autopsy the pathologic criterion of an inactive plaque of demyelination is absence of inflammatory cells. Hence, we propose that modulation downward or eradication of intra-BBB IgG synthesis (ie, a manifestation of reduced white matter inflammation) in a living patient is a reasonable therapeutic criterion and goal of MS therapy. In a preliminary trial of five severely disabled MS patients, we evaluated the effects of copolymer 1 (COP-1) in daily intramuscular doses of 20 mg (2 patients) and twice daily subcutaneous doses of 15 mg (3 patients) on clinical parameters and on intra-BBB IgG synthesis over a 2-month study period. The results of this trial showed no beneficial effect on neurologic function or on inflammatory demyelination, as assessed by monitoring of intra-BBB IgG synthesis.
Mediated tunable coupling of flux qubits (2005)

It is sketched how a monostable rf- or dc-SQUID can mediate an inductive coupling between two adjacent flux qubits. The nontrivial dependence of the SQUID's susceptibility on external flux makes it possible to continuously tune the induced coupling from antiferromagnetic (AF) to ferromagnetic (FM). In particular, for suitable parameters, the induced FM coupling can be sufficiently large to overcome any possible direct AF inductive coupling between the qubits. The main features follow from a classical analysis of the multi-qubit potential. A fully quantum treatment yields similar results, but with a modified expression for the SQUID susceptibility. Since the latter is exact, it can also be used to evaluate the susceptibility--or, equivalently, energy-level curvature--of an isolated rf-SQUID for larger shielding and at degenerate flux bias, i.e., a (bistable) qubit. The result is compared to the standard two-level (pseudospin) treatment of the anticrossing, and the ensuing conclusions are verified numerically.
Rock Types, Depositional History, and Diagenetic Effects, Ivishak Reservoir, Prudhoe Bay Field (1997)

Summary The present-day pore system of the Ivishak reservoir is the result of depositional and postdepositional processes. The pore system is a dual system characterized by intergranular porosity, enhanced by leaching, and intragranular microporosity. The combined interaction of deposition and diagenesis together with burial history has caused porosity, permeability, net pay, and water saturation to be highly variable areally and vertically.
Chronic Treatment With Imipramine Inhibits Cell Growth and Enhances Serotonin 2C Receptor mRNA Expression in NG 108-15 Cells (2003)

We previously reported that NG108-15 cells contain intrinsic serotonin 2C receptor (5-HT2CR). The effects of imipramine, a 5-HT2CR antagonist, on cell growth, cell viability, and the 5-HT2CR mRNA level were investigated in this study. Repeated treatment with imipramine at concentrations of 1 - 10 microM for 5 days inhibited cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner without affecting cell viability. In addition, the level of 5-HT2CR mRNA was elevated. At 30 microM, imipramine significantly reduced cell viability. Our findings suggest that the effect of imipramine on neuronal growth may be related to its effects on 5-HT2CR.
Temperature-Regulated Protein Synthesis by Leptospira interrogans (2001)

Leptospira interrogans is an important mammalian pathogen. Transmission from an environmental source requires adaptations to a range of new environmental conditions in the organs and tissues of the infected host. Since many pathogenic bacteria utilize temperature to discern their environment and regulate the synthesis of appropriate proteins, we investigated the effects of temperature on protein synthesis in L. interrogans. Bacteria were grown for several days after culture temperatures were shifted from 30 to 37 degrees C. Triton X-114 cellular fractionation identified several proteins of the cytoplasm, periplasm, and outer membrane for which synthesis was dependent on the culture temperature. Synthesis of a cytoplasmic protein of 20 kDa was switched off at 37 degrees C, whereas synthesis of a 66-kDa periplasmic protein was increased at the higher temperature. Increased synthesis of a 25-kDa outer membrane protein was observed when the organisms were shifted from 30 to 37 degrees C. A 36-kDa protein synthesized at 30 but not at 37 degrees C was identified as LipL36, an outer membrane lipoprotein. In contrast, expression of another lipoprotein, LipL41, was the same at either temperature. Immunoblotting with convalescent equine sera revealed that some proteins exhibiting thermoregulation of synthesis elicited antibody responses during infection. Our results show that sera from horses which aborted as a result of naturally acquired infection with L. interrogans serovar pomona type kennewicki recognize periplasmic and outer membrane proteins which are differentially synthesized in response to temperature and which therefore may be important in the host-pathogen interaction during infection.
Molecular diversity of phospholipase D in angiosperms (2002)

The evolutionary dynamics, and inter-specific diversity, of plant PLDs inferred from our phylogenetic analysis, call for more plant species to be employed in PLD research. This will enable us to obtain generally valid conclusions.
Spectral Combining and Coherent Coupling of Lasers by Volume Bragg Gratings (2009)

The use of volume Bragg gratings (VBGs) recorded in photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glass for laser beam control is described. These new optical elements provide extremely narrow spectral and angular selectivity and have a high level of resistance to high-power pulsed and continuous-wave laser radiation. These features of PTR volume gratings are used for transverse and longitudinal mode selection, passive coherent coupling, and spectral beam combining (SBC) of semiconductor, solid state, and fiber lasers.
Competitive inhibition of interfacial catalysis by phospholipase A2: differential interaction of inhibitors with the vesicle interface as a controlling factor of inhibitor potency (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCompetitive inhibition of interfacial catalysis by phospholipase A2: differential interaction of inhibitors with the vesicle interface as a controlling factor of inhibitor potencyHung Kuei Lin and Michael H. GelbCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 10, 3932–3942Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00063a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00063a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views253Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Separation of alcohol–water mixture by pervaporation through a novel natural polymer blend membrane–chitosan/silk fibroin blend membrane (1999)

A novel natural polymer blend membrane, namely chitosan/silk fibroin blend membrane, was prepared. The selective solubility and the pervaporation properties of alcohol–water mixture were studied. The results showed that the membrane was water selective and the separation factor of ethanol–water mixture could be improved compared to pure chitosan membrane, when silk fibroin content in blend membrane was no more than 40 wt %. The blend membrane exhibited a best performance, (i.e., the water in permeate was large than 99 wt % when silk content was 20 wt % and the crosslinking agent–glutaraldehyde content was 0.5 mol %). The mechanism of improvement on pervaporation properties was explained by reducing the free volume and freeing hydrophilic groups of chitosan because of the strong intermolecular hydrogen bond forming between chitosan and silk fibroin in blend membrane. In addition, the influence of operation temperature and feed concentration as well as the pervaporation properties of isopropanol–water mixture were also studied. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 975–980, 1999
Cells: a laboratory manual (1998)

Cells : a laboratory manual , Cells : a laboratory manual , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران
Cultivation of globally distributed soil bacteria from phylogenetic lineages previously only detected in cultivation‐independent surveys (2002)

The culturability of microorganisms in a 10 cm core of an Australian pasture soil was investigated using a minimal agar medium with xylan as the growth substrate. Culturability decreased with increasing depth, from a maximum of 19% of the total microscopically countable cells in the 0-2 cm section to 2.4% in the 8-10 cm section. Seventy-one isolates from the core were identified by comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Many of these isolates belong to groups of globally distributed soil bacteria, including well-characterized families of the classes Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria, and of the subclass Actinobacteridae. Other isolates belong to groups with few or no cultivated representatives: 10 isolates in two subdivisions of the phylum Acidobacteria, five isolates in a new order and nine isolates in a new family of the class Alphaproteobacteria, two isolates in a new order of the class Gammaproteobacteria, three isolates in two new families of the subclass Actinobacteridae, and two isolates in the subclass Rubrobacteridae. These new isolates represent the first laboratory cultures able to be assigned to some of these groups and greatly increase the number of cultivated strains known for others. This demonstrates that a minimal change in cultivation strategy (using a polymeric growth substrate and longer incubation times) can result in the isolation of globally distributed but previously uncultured phylogenetically novel soil bacteria.
Circumstances of death in adult sickle cell disease patients (2006)

The purpose of the study was to analyze clinical and/or autopsy findings at the time of death among adults with sickle cell disease (SCD) at Howard University in Washington, DC over a 25-year period. A single physician recorded circumstances of death among 141 adult SCD patients he treated and knew well from 1976 to 2001. These findings were determined by autopsy report and/or clinical assessment. In a subset of 31 patients, autopsy records were reviewed for reports of iron deposition in liver and heart and of organ pathology. One hundred and fourteen (80.9%) of the patients had SS phenotype and 66 (46.8%) were female. The mean +/- SD age at death was 36 +/- 11 years. Leading circumstances of death included pulmonary hypertension (PHT) (26.2%), sudden death (23.4%), renal failure (22.6%), infection (18.4%), thromboembolism (14.9%), cardiac diagnoses (12.0%), cirrhosis (11.3%), pneumonia or acute chest syndrome (9.9%), bleeding (7.8%), and iron overload (7.0%). When circumstances of deaths that occurred after 1991 (n = 69) were compared to those that occurred in 1991 or earlier (n = 72), PHT (36.2% vs. 16.6%; P < 0.01) was significantly more common in 1992 or later. Significant associations were found between PHT and thromboembolism and between cirrhosis and iron overload. In this proportional mortality study of adults with SCD, PHT was the leading finding at the time of death. Thromboembolism was associated with PHT, and iron overload was associated with cirrhosis.
Superprism phenomena in photonic crystals (1998)

Extraordinary angle-sensitive light propagation, which we call a superprism phenomenon, was demonstrated at optical wavelength in photonic crystals with three-dimensional-periodic structure fabricated on Si substrate. The propagation beam was swung from $\ensuremath{-}90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ to $+90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ with a slight change in the incident angle within $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}12\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}.$ This effect together with wavelength sensitivity is at least two orders of magnitude stronger than that of the conventional prism. The incident-angle dependence including negative refraction and multiple beam branching was interpreted from highly anisotropic dispersion surfaces derived by photonic band calculation. These phenomena will be available to fabricate microscale light circuits on Si with LSI-compatible lithography techniques.
Synthesis and application of a new cleavable linker for “click”-based affinity chromatography (2009)

A new chemically-cleavable linker has been synthesised for the affinity-independent elution of biomolecules by classical affinity chromatography. This azo-based linker is shown to couple efficiently with "click" derivatised ligands such as biotin propargyl amide through a copper(I)-catalysed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. Binding to Affi-Gel matrices displaying ligands coupled to the new linker is both efficient and selective. The captured material may be readily released from the resin upon treatment with sodium dithionite. These mild elution conditions have allowed for the efficient isolation of the affinity partner from complex protein mixtures such as those found in fetal bovine serum.