gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of (1,3)- -glucan synthase in Candida albicans: microsomal assay from the yeast or mycelial morphological forms and a permeabilized whole-cell assay (1994)

A systematic evaluation of the in vitro (1,3)-beta-glucan synthase assay parameters was performed using microsomes prepared from Candida albicans from either yeast or mycelial phase cells. Enzyme activities of both yeast and mycelial phase microsomes depended on the presence of guanosine-5'-O-(3-thiophosphate) and either bovine serum albumin or a detergent [W-1 (polyoxyethylene ether detergent) or Brij-35 (polyoxyethylene ether, 23 lauryl ether)]. Brij-35 was included in standard assays as it was compatible with the permeabilized whole-cell assay. Microsomes derived from both the yeast and mycelial phases generally yielded similar glucan synthase activities under a range of different assay conditions. Brij-35 significantly stabilized the enzyme, yielding a half-life of 5.6 d at 4 degrees C, compared with 0.9 d without detergent. The addition of detergent during mechanical breakage of yeast cells dramatically improved glucan synthase stability and activity. Enzyme catalysis was linear for at least 75 min with 100 micrograms protein from microsomes of yeast cells grown to mid-exponential phase, with an apparent Km for UDP-glucose of 1.1 mM. The pH and temperature optima were 7.75 and 30 degrees C, respectively. Glucan synthase activity was highest in cells derived from early mid-exponential phase and declined to a basal level by stationary phase. A permeabilization-based in situ assay for glucan synthase was developed. Cells were permeabilized with 2% (v/v) solution of toluene/methanol (1:1) and assayed for glucan synthase activity using standard reaction mixtures. Reactions were linear for 30 min and were inhibited by known inhibitors of glucan synthesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Creating Smart Polymer Surfaces with Selective Adhesion Properties (1998)

Abstract A new concept for polymer surface modification is described that employs surface-active ω-functional block copolymers as additives to create polymers with smart sufaces. The block copolymers are composed of three components: a low surface energy block that causes the copolymer to segregate to the surface of the matrix homopolymer to which it is added, an anchor block that tethers the copolymer into that matrix, and a functional group located at the terminus of the surface-active block. The functional end group is selected to interact selectively with a complementary receptor on the target substrate. When the modified polymer surface and a substrate are placed in contact, adhesion is enhanced only if the functional end group senses an appropriate receptor on that substrate with which it can form the specific interaction. If a receptor is not present, the modified surface exhibits release properties. This class of copolymer additives can thereby be employed to create smart polymer surfaces with selective adhesive properties. We present preliminary results that demonstrate how this new concept can be employed to modify the surface of polystyrene and impart selective adhesion toward either poly(methyl methacrylate) or poly(dimethylsiloxane) substrates. Key Words: Functional block copolymersselective adhesionsurface-active block copolymersasymmetric cantilever adhesion testJKR adhesion testsmart surfaces
Children of the nineties. A longitudinal study of pregnancy and childhood based on the population of Avon (ALSPAC). (1990)

A survey to assess factors, especially those in the environment, which influence child health and development is shortly to be started within the South West region. This study will start during pregnancy and involve both the mother and her partner as well as the child. Data will be collected on environmental exposures, and psychosocial aspects of the family home. Biological samples will also be kept and stored as a means of identifying pollutants inter alia, and to assess their influence on the fetus/infant. The children will be followed up to the age of 7 when they will receive a full educational, psychological and medical examination. Follow up of the outcome of pregnancy and the development of the child will help identify ways in which the environment influences child health and development.
Chiral Lewis Acid Catalysis in Conjugate Additions of O-Benzylhydroxylamine to Unsaturated Amides. Enantioselective Synthesis of β-Amino Acid Precursors (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTChiral Lewis Acid Catalysis in Conjugate Additions of O-Benzylhydroxylamine to Unsaturated Amides. Enantioselective Synthesis of β-Amino Acid PrecursorsMukund P. Sibi, John J. Shay, Mei Liu, and Craig P. JasperseView Author Information Department of Chemistry North Dakota State University Fargo, North Dakota 58105 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 26, 6615–6616Publication Date (Web):June 18, 1998Publication History Received17 February 1998Published online18 June 1998Published inissue 1 July 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja980520ihttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja980520irapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2628Altmetric-Citations177LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amines,Conjugate acid-base pairs,Lewis acids,Molecular structure,Stereoselectivity Get e-Alerts
Microfluidic platelet function analyzer for shear-induced platelet activation studies (2003)

Platelet function is suggestive of pathological conditions in heart related diseases. With current insufficient prognostic devices, we see the need for a device to assess complete platelet function. This work presents our preliminary microfluidic device for the analysis of shear-induced platelet activation, which is crucial in studying the pathological role of platelets. In our novel device, the polydimethylsiloxane microchannels were coated using a novel layer-by-layer self-assembly technique to provide controlled nanometer-thick layers of fibrinogen. Anticoagulated platelet rich plasma labeled with a fluorescein isothiocyanate-tagged anti-GpIIb/IIIa-antibody was passed through these microchannels and several experimental runs for different shear rates were carried out. Finally, fluorescence assays confirmed the activation of platelets in the microchannels for various shear rates. Control experiments showed that the extent of adhesion on bare PDMS surfaces was less than on the surfaces assembled with fibrinogen. Based on image processing, the extent of platelet adhesion to the fibrinogen substrate was determined for each of the shear rates. The extent of adhesion (/spl phi/) was modeled as a third order polynomial in shear rate for substrate fibrinogen.
Sperm-mediated gene transfer in mice (1998)

Sperm-mediated DNA transfer to offspring has the potential to markedly simplify the generation of transgenic animals, but the efficiency in mice has been controversial. To determine the basis of the variability of the procedure in mice, we undertook a large, collaborative study of sperm-mediated DNA transfer to mouse eggs in well-established laboratory conditions for in vitro fertilization and offspring development following embryo transfer. Sperm were incubated with plasmid DNA during the capacitation period and then added to freshly ovulated mouse oocytes for fertilization; cleaved embryos were then transferred to the oviducts of pseudopregnant recipients for gestation. From a total of 75 experiments, 13 produced 130 transgenic offspring, amounting to 7.4% of total fetuses. In five experiments, more than 85% of offspring were transgenic, but the factors leading to this high success rate were not discovered. Clustering of such a low frequency event could account for the disparate reports of transgenic success with sperm-mediated DNA transfer to mouse offspring. Discovering the factors important to success would not only allow this simplified approach to become an important tool in the generation of transgenic mice, but could also lead to important insights into natural protective mechanisms against sperm-mediated transfer of foreign DNA.
Nanomechanical squeezing with detection via a microwave cavity (2008)

We study a parametrically driven nanomechanical resonator capacitively coupled to a microwave cavity. If the nanoresonator can be cooled to near its quantum ground state then quantum squeezing of a quadrature of the nanoresonator motion becomes feasible. We consider the adiabatic limit in which the cavity mode is slaved to the nanoresonator mode. By driving the cavity on its red-detuned sideband, the squeezing can be coupled into the microwave field at the cavity resonance. The red-detuned sideband drive is also compatible with the goal of ground state cooling. Squeezing of the output microwave field may be inferred using a technique similar to that used to infer squeezing of the field produced by a Josephson parametric amplifier, and subsequently, squeezing of the nanoresonator motion may be inferred. We have calculated the output field microwave squeezing spectra and related this to squeezing of the nanoresonator motion, both at zero and finite temperature. Driving the cavity on the blue-detuned sideband, and on both the blue and red sidebands, have also been considered within the same formalism.
Determination of netropsin-DNA binding constants from footprinting data (1988)

A theory for deriving drug-DNA site binding constants from footprinting data is presented. Plots of oligonucleotide concentration, as a function of drug concentration, for various cutting positions on DNA are required. It is assumed that the rate of cleavage at each nucleotide position is proportional to the concentration of enzyme at that nucleotide and to the probability that the nucleotide is not blocked by drug. The probability of a nucleotide position not being blocked is calculated by assuming a conventional binding equilibrium for each binding site with exclusions for overlapping sites. The theory has been used to evaluate individual site binding constants for the antiviral agent netropsin toward a 139 base pair restriction fragment of pBR-322 DNA. Drug binding constants, evaluated from footprinting data in the presence of calf thymus DNA and poly(dGdC) as carrier and in the absence of carrier DNA, were determined by obtaining the best fit between calculated and experimental footprinting data. Although the strong sites on the fragment were all of the type (T.A)4, the value of the binding constant was strongly sequence dependent. Sites containing the dinucleotide sequence 5'-TA-3' were found to have significantly lower binding constants than those without this sequence, suggesting that an adenine-adenine clash produces a DNA structural alteration in the minor groove which discourages netropsin binding to DNA. The errors, scope, and limitations associated with the method are presented and discussed.
Botulinum toxin type B micromechanosensor (2003)

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) types A, B, E, and F are toxic to humans; early and rapid detection is essential for adequate medical treatment. Presently available tests for detection of BoNTs, although sensitive, require hours to days. We report a BoNT-B sensor whose properties allow detection of BoNT-B within minutes. The technique relies on the detection of an agarose bead detachment from the tip of a micromachined cantilever resulting from BoNT-B action on its substratum, the synaptic protein synaptobrevin 2, attached to the beads. The mechanical resonance frequency of the cantilever is monitored for the detection. To suspend the bead off the cantilever we use synaptobrevin's molecular interaction with another synaptic protein, syntaxin 1A, that was deposited onto the cantilever tip. Additionally, this bead detachment technique is general and can be used in any displacement reaction, such as in receptor-ligand pairs, where the introduction of one chemical leads to the displacement of another. The technique is of broad interest and will find uses outside toxicology.
The Communitarian Approach in the Elder Law Construct (2012)

Johns suggests that the proposed revisions to the Model Rules do not go far enough in their approach to multiple party representations in elder law issues. He discusses initial client contact, formation of the client-lawyer relationship, client confidences in multiple representation, and intergenerational conflicts. Three interesting case studies are included to highlight the problems that can arise.
Understanding Neural Networks Through Deep Visualization (2015)

Recent years have produced great advances in training large, deep neural networks (DNNs), including notable successes in training convolutional neural networks (convnets) to recognize natural images. However, our understanding of how these models work, especially what computations they perform at intermediate layers, has lagged behind. Progress in the field will be further accelerated by the development of better tools for visualizing and interpreting neural nets. We introduce two such tools here. The first is a tool that visualizes the activations produced on each layer of a trained convnet as it processes an image or video (e.g. a live webcam stream). We have found that looking at live activations that change in response to user input helps build valuable intuitions about how convnets work. The second tool enables visualizing features at each layer of a DNN via regularized optimization in image space. Because previous versions of this idea produced less recognizable images, here we introduce several new regularization methods that combine to produce qualitatively clearer, more interpretable visualizations. Both tools are open source and work on a pre-trained convnet with minimal setup.
The Pore-forming Toxin Proaerolysin Is Activated by Furin (1998)

Aerolysin is secreted as an inactive dimeric precursor by the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila. Proteolytic cleavage within a mobile loop near the C terminus of the protoxin is required for oligomerization and channel formation. This loop contains the sequence KVRRAR432, which should be recognized by mammalian proprotein convertases such as furin, PACE4, and PC5/6A. Here we show that these three proteases cleave proaerolysin after Arg-432 in vitro, yielding active toxin. We also investigated the potential role of these enzymes in the in vivo activation of the protoxin. We found that Chinese hamster ovary cells were able to convert the protoxin to aerolysin in the absence of exogenous proteases and that activation did not require internalization of the toxin. The furin inhibitor alpha1-antitrypsin Portland reduced the rate of proaerolysin activation in vivo, and proaerolysin processing was even further reduced in furin-deficient FD11 Chinese hamster ovary cells. The cells were also less sensitive to proaerolysin than wild type cells; however, transient transfection of FD11 cells with the cDNA encoding furin conferred normal sensitivity to the protoxin. Together these findings argue that furin catalyzes the cell-surface activation of proaerolysin in vivo.
Mutant farnesyltransferase beta subunit of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that can substitute for geranylgeranyltransferase type I beta subunit. (1995)

The protein farnesyltransferase (PFT) beta-subunit gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, DPR1, was randomly mutagenized by PCR to construct a mutant DPR1 gene library on a high-copy plasmid. The library was screened for suppression of the temperature sensitivity conferred by a mutation in the protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I (PGGT-I) beta-subunit gene, CAL1. A mutant DPR1 gene was identified whose product contained a single amino acid change of Ser-159 to Asn. This mutant gene also suppressed a cal1 disruption even on a low-copy plasmid, suggesting that the product (designated S159N) can substitute for PGGT-I beta subunit in vivo. Its ability to act as a PFT is not drastically reduced, since the mutant gene still complemented a dpr1 disruption. Results of in vitro assays demonstrate that the mutant enzyme has increased activity to farnesylate, a substrate for PGGT-I. On the other hand, the ability to farnesylate its own substrate is reduced. The increased ability to utilize the PGGT-I substrate is due to its increased affinity for the protein substrate. In addition, the mutant enzyme shows a severalfold increase in the sensitivity to a peptidomimetic inhibitor that acts as a competitor of the protein substrate. These results point to the importance of the beta subunit of PFT for the binding of a protein substrate and demonstrate that Ser-159 of DPR1 product is critical for its substrate specificity.
Cardiometabolic Risk in US Army Recruits and the Effects of Basic Combat Training (2012)

At the start of military service, the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk in US military recruits is comparable to that reported in similar, college-aged populations. Military training appears to be an effective strategy that may mitigate risk in young people through improvements in lipid profiles and glycemic control.
Pharmacokinetics of tramadol after subcutaneous administration in a critically ill population and in a healthy cohort (2014)

ACTRN12611001018909.
Characteristics of acoustic streaming created and measured by pulsed Doppler ultrasound (1997)

Self measurement of acoustic streaming by Doppler ultrasound could be used to evaluate properties of fluids such as viscosity or the coagulation of blood. To characterize acoustic streaming caused by pulsed ultrasonic beams, Doppler signal processing was used to measure streaming velocity under a variety of conditions in vitro using blood and water. Velocities as high as 5 mm/s were measured in blood at the diagnostic power levels (3.5 mW) used in 20 MHz catheter velocimetry. It was found that streaming decreases with distance due to absorption and beam spreading, increases with applied acoustic power, and decreases with increased viscosity during blood coagulation. However, the increase in velocity with acoustic power is nonlinear with an exponent of 0.67 for water and 1.42 for blood even though the radiation force as measured by deflection of a suspended transducer is linear with power. The time constant of streaming to a step change in acoustic power is 80 ms in blood and 200 ms in water. It is concluded that streaming is measurable in pulsed Doppler beams, that it could produce artifacts or unintended effects, and that it could be used to characterize fluid properties and to detect coagulation of whole blood.
Antisense approaches to cancer gene therapy. (1995)

Recent advances in the use of oligodeoxynucleotide and plasmid-derived RNA as antisense agents of special relevance to cancer gene therapy are summarized with emphasis on agents and systems which have lead to clinical trials and/or regression of established tumors in animal model systems. Transformed cell lines bearing plasmids and viruses designed for the transcription of antisense RNA have the advantage that they can be characterized thoroughly and the effects of antisense RNA on target gene expression and phenotype can be studied easily in vivo. Promising results make the considerable efforts of applying oligodeoxynucleotides in whole animals and in clinical trials more plausible. Conversely, oligodeoxynucleotide experiments which yield promising results in tissue culture can be generalized to the in vivo setting by development of clones of cells bearing plasmid-derived antisense RNA against the same target. Several examples of the concordant results for oligodeoxynucleotide and plasmid-derived antisense RNA against the same target are considered. The importance of examination of antisense effects in syngeneic and immunocompetent hosts is illustrated by studies of insulin-like growth factor and insulin-like growth factor receptor where tumor regression and protection against tumor formation have been observed for particular cell types in defined settings.
The Relationship between Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations and Clinicopathologic Features in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancers (2005)

We show that EGFR mutations were significantly related to histology and smoke exposure and were a strong predictive factor for gefitinib responsiveness in NSCLC.
Dynamical Systems in Neuroscience (2006)

Explains the relationship of electrophysiology, nonlinear dynamics, and the computational properties of neurons, with each concept presented in terms of both neuroscience and mathematics and illustrated using geometrical intuition. In order to model neuronal behavior or to interpret the results of modeling studies, neuroscientists must call upon methods of nonlinear dynamics. This book offers an introduction to nonlinear dynamical systems theory for researchers and graduate students in neuroscience. It also provides an overview of neuroscience for mathematicians who want to learn the basic facts of electrophysiology. Dynamical Systems in Neuroscience presents a systematic study of the relationship of electrophysiology, nonlinear dynamics, and computational properties of neurons. It emphasizes that information processing in the brain depends not only on the electrophysiological properties of neurons but also on their dynamical properties. The book introduces dynamical systems, starting with one- and two-dimensional Hodgkin-Huxley-type models and continuing to a description of bursting systems. Each chapter proceeds from the simple to the complex, and provides sample problems at the end. The book explains all necessary mathematical concepts using geometrical intuition; it includes many figures and few equations, making it especially suitable for non-mathematicians. Each concept is presented in terms of both neuroscience and mathematics, providing a link between the two disciplines. Nonlinear dynamical systems theory is at the core of computational neuroscience research, but it is not a standard part of the graduate neuroscience curriculum—or taught by math or physics department in a way that is suitable for students of biology. This book offers neuroscience students and researchers a comprehensive account of concepts and methods increasingly used in computational neuroscience. An additional chapter on synchronization, with more advanced material, can be found at the author's website, www.izhikevich.com.
Characteristics of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) ligand induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells (2002)

As c-myc is an important target gene of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)/beta-catenin and/or APC/gamma-catenin pathway, activation of PPARgamma signalling appears to compensate for deregulated c-myc expression caused by mutated APC. The present results suggest the potential usefulness of PPARgamma ligands for chemoprevention and treatment of colon cancers.
Introducing “parker”: Next-generation tegra system-on-chip (2016)

Presents a collection of slides covering the following topics: Parker; Tegra system-on-chip; automotive market; end to end deep learning platform; coherent heterogenous multiprocessor; CPU; virtualization; and Drive PX 2.