gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Printing of metallic 3D micro-objects by laser induced forward transfer (2016)

Digital printing of 3D metal micro-structures by laser induced forward transfer under ambient conditions is reviewed. Recent progress has allowed drop on demand transfer of molten, femto-liter, metal droplets with a high jetting directionality. Such small volume droplets solidify instantly, on a nanosecond time scale, as they touch the substrate. This fast solidification limits their lateral spreading and allows the fabrication of high aspect ratio and complex 3D metal structures. Several examples of micron-scale resolution metal objects printed using this method are presented and discussed.
VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR AS PROGNOSTIC FACTOR IN RENAL CELL CARCINOMA (2000)

In RCC, serum VEGF165 level was significantly correlated to tumor stage and grade. Increased levels were correlated to adverse survival. Although, VEGF did not remain as an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis the levels of VEGF165 in serum was found useful for the identification of patients with potentially progressive disease especially for those with vein invasion.
Synthesis of novel fluorocarbon ether bibenzoxazole polymers (1978)

Abstract Novel fluorocarbon bis( o ‐aminophenol) monomers were synthesized by a multistep route from 1,3‐diiodohexafluoropropane and 1,8‐diiodohexadecafluorooctane. The acetic acid‐promoted polycondensation of these monomers with fluorocarbon ether‐diimidate esters led to linear, soluble fluorocarbon ether‐bibenzoxazole polymers with inherent viscosities in the range of 0.10–0.94 dl/g −1 . Polymer structures were verified by elemental and infrared (IR) spectral analysis. Many of the polymers exhibited considerable crystallinity in which the crystalline melt temperatures ranged from 53 to 187°C, as determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Some polymers, however, were isolated as completely amorphous, rubbery gums that exhibited glass transition temperatures as low as −31°C. Good thermooxidative stabilities were exhibited with onset of weight loss of the polymers during thermogravimetric analysis in an air atmosphere occurring in the 375–450°C range.
Renin‐angiotensin system revisited (2008)

New components and functions of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) are still being unravelled. The classical RAS as it looked in the middle 1970s consisted of circulating renin, acting on angiotensinogen to produce angiotensin I, which in turn was converted into angiotensin II (Ang II) by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Ang II, still considered the main effector of RAS was believed to act only as a circulating hormone via angiotensin receptors, AT1 and AT2. Since then, an expanded view of RAS has gradually emerged. Local tissue RAS systems have been identified in most organs. Recently, evidence for an intracellular RAS has been reported. The new expanded view of RAS therefore covers both endocrine, paracrine and intracrine functions. Other peptides of RAS have been shown to have biological actions; angiotensin 2-8 heptapeptide (Ang III) has actions similar to those of Ang II. Further, the angiotensin 3-8 hexapeptide (Ang IV) exerts its actions via insulin-regulated amino peptidase receptors. Finally, angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7) acts via mas receptors. The discovery of another ACE2 was an important complement to this picture. The recent discovery of renin receptors has made our view of RAS unexpectedly complex and multilayered. The importance of RAS in cardiovascular disease has been demonstrated by the clinical benefits of ACE inhibitors and AT1 receptor blockers. Great expectations are now generated by the introduction of renin inhibitors. Indeed, RAS regulates much more and diverse physiological functions than previously believed.
Efficient Point-Based Rendering Techniques for Haptic Display of Virtual Objects (1999)

Computer haptics, an emerging field of research that is analogous to computer graphics, is concerned with the generation and rendering of haptic virtual objects. In this paper, we propose an efficient haptic rendering method for displaying the feel of 3-D polyhedral objects in virtual environments (VEs). Using this method and a haptic interface device, the users can manually explore and feel the shape and surface details of virtual objects. The main component of our rendering method is the “neighborhood watch” algorithm that takes advantage of precomputed connectivity information for detecting collisions between the end effector of a force-reflecting robot and polyhedral objects in VEs. We use a hierarchical database, multithreading techniques, and efficient search procedures to reduce the computational time such that the haptic servo rate after the first contact is essentially independent of the number of polygons that represent the object. We also propose efficient methods for displaying surface properties of objects such as haptic texture and friction. Our haptic-texturing techniques and friction model can add surface details onto convex or concave 3-D polygonal surfaces. These haptic-rendering techniques can be extended to display dynamics of rigid and deformable objects.
Food Allergy, Oral Tolerance and Immunomodulation—Their Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms (1996)

This paper describes the molecular and cellular mechanisms of food allergy and oral tolerance including immunomodulation. Food allergy is triggered by an aberrant immune response elicited by oral administration of dietary antigens. Oral tolerance is a state of immunological unresponsiveness induced by oral administration of dietary antigens and is thought to serve to suppress food allergy. This review first describes the characteristic properties of T and B cells relating to milk allergy and also the location of binding sites to T and B cells on allergen molecules. The immunogenicity of allergens is shown to be reduced by the modulations of the T cell binding site, using sophisticated methods such as site-specific mutagenesis. Furthermore, this review focuses on oral tolerance with special reference to the identification of lymphocyte compartment subsets and the immunological mechanism relating to oral tolerance. Finally, the application of oral tolerance for the treatment of allergy is speculated on.
Transparent matrix structures for detection of neutron particles based on di-ureasil xerogels (2004)

An important element in the development of advanced neutron detectors is the synthesis and characterization of improved, highly efficient neutron-scintillating materials. The research described here concerns the development of elastic, transparent, and thick film neutron scintillators with high Li+6 loading through room-temperature sol-gel processing. The room-temperature sol-gel processing allows an easy integration of such scintillating materials into electronic detecting devices. The lithium-6 salicylate di-ureasil xerogels developed here show promise for the fabrication of large area neutron detectors and have high potential for use in in situ monitoring and imaging of fissile materials and radioactive contaminants.
Reduced Acetylcholinesterase Activity in the Fusiform Gyrus in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders (2011)

The results suggest that a deficit in cholinergic innervations of the fusiform gyrus, which can be observed in adults with ASD, may be related to not only current but also childhood impairment of social functioning.
Conservation of gene organization in the lymphotropic herpesviruses herpesvirus Saimiri and Epstein-Barr virus (1988)

By analyses of short DNA sequences, we have deduced the overall arrangement of genes in the (A + T)-rich coding sequences of herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) relative to the arrangements of homologous genes in the (G + C)-rich coding sequences of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome and the (A + T)-rich sequences of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) genome. Fragments of HVS DNA from 13 separate sites within the 111 kilobase pairs of the light DNA coding sequences of the genome were subcloned into M13 vectors, and sequences of up to 350 bases were determined from each of these sites. Amino acid sequences predicted for fragments of open reading frames defined by these sequences were compared with a library of the protein sequences of major open reading frames predicted from the complete DNA sequences of VZV and EBV. Of the 13 short amino acid sequences obtained from HVS, only 3 were recognizably homologous to proteins encoded by VZV, but all 13 HVS sequences were unambiguously homologous to gene products encoded by EBV. The HVS reading frames identified by this method included homologs of the major capsid polypeptides, glycoprotein H, the major nonstructural DNA-binding protein, thymidine kinase, and the homolog of the regulatory gene product of the BMLF1 reading frame of EBV. Locally as well as globally, the order and relative orientation of these genes resembled that of their homologs on the EBV genome. Despite the major differences in their nucleotide compositions and in the nature and arrangements of reiterated DNA sequences, the genomes of the lymphotropic herpesviruses HVS and EBV encode closely related proteins, and they share a common organization of these coding sequences which differs from that of the neurotropic herpesviruses, VZV and herpes simplex virus.
The Relationship Between P-Glycoprotein (PGP) Polymorphisms and Response to Olanzapine Treatment in Schizophrenia (2006)

P-glycoprotein (PGP) is a polymorphic efflux transporter located on the blood brain barrier that potentially affects the penetration of atypical antipsychotics into the central nervous system. Increased antipsychotic penetration to the primary site of activity may result in greater symptom improvement or the occurrence of side effects. This investigation examined the relationship between three common PGP polymorphisms (C1236T, G2677TA, and C3435T) and response to 6 weeks of open-label olanzapine treatment in patients with schizophrenia. Individuals with a PGP T allele at any of these polymorphisms would be expected to have greater antipsychotic penetration through the blood brain barrier, due to lower PGP activity. Forty-one patients were included in this reanalysis. For subjects in the 3435T allele carrier group, the plasma olanzapine level alone was positively associated with percent change in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale score (p = 0.02). This relationship was not seen for the 3435CC group (p = 0.583). A similar trend was observed for negative symptom reduction, olanzapine plasma concentration, and the 3435T allele (p = 0.06), but this relationship did not meet statistical significance. There was no relationship between the PGP genotypes and changes in weight over the course of this 6 week study. The analysis using C1236T or G2677AT genotypes gave similar results, due to linkage of these polymorphisms.PGP polymorphisms may affect the penetration of olanzapine into the central nervous system as seen by a relationship between the 3435T allele, olanzapine plasma levels, and reduction in the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. This may stem from greater olanzapine central nervous system latency due to the presence of the 3435T allele and reduced PGP activity. The PGP C3435T genotype may help to determine positive symptom reduction from olanzapine clinically, but these findings should be replicated in a larger sample of subjects.
Reproductive endocrinology, surgery, and technology (1996)

Part I: ONTOGENY AND FUNCTION OF THE REPRODUCTIVE AXIS: NORMAL EMBRYOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY: The Reproductive Axis: Formation and Maturation The Reproductive Axis: Pubertal Activation The Reproductive Axis: Operational Characteristics The Reproductive Axis: Gamete and Embryo Physiology Endocrinology of Human Gestation Reproductive Steroid Hormones: Generation, Degradation, Reception, and Action Reproductive Protein Hormones: Generation, Degradation, Reception, and Action Reproductive Roles of Eiconsanoids Hormonal Assay Methodology: Present and Future Prospects. Part II: DISORDERS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE AXIS: DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT: Disordered Sexual Differentiation Disordered Puberty Disorders of the Hypothalamic Pulse Generator: Insufficient Gonadotropin Release Disorders of the Hypothalamic Pulse Generator: Inappropriate Gonadotropin Release (The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) Disorders of the Pituitary Disorders of the Ovarian Follicle: Inborn and Acquired Ovarian Failure End Organ Pathology: Inborn and Acquired Disorders Hyperandrogenic Disorders The Pre-menstrual Syndrome GnRH Analogues Hormonal Contraception Endocrine Disorders During Pregnancy The Climacteric: Consequences of Follicular Depletion. Part III: HUMAN INFERTILITY: DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT: Human Infertility: General Concepts Human Infertility: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Modalities Human Infertility: The Male Factor Treatment of Human Infertility: The Tuboperitoneal Factor Treatment of Human Infertility: The Special Case of Endometriosis Treatment of Human Infertility: The Cervical and Uterine Factors Treatment of Human Infertility: Specialised Facets of Ovulation Induction and Enhancement Treatment of Human Infertility: Habitual Abortion Treatment of Human Infertility: Assisted Reproductive Technology.
Interleukin-1 and cancer progression: the emerging role of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist as a novel therapeutic agent in cancer treatment (2006)

The tumor microenvironment consists of tumor, immune, stromal, and inflammatory cells which produce cytokines, growth factors, and adhesion molecules that promote tumor progression and metastasis. Of particular interest in this setting is interleukin-1 (IL-1), a pleiotropic cytokine with numerous roles in both physiological and pathological states. It is known to be up regulated in many tumor types and has been implicated as a factor in tumor progression via the expression of metastatic and angiogenic genes and growth factors. A number of studies have reported that high IL-1 concentrations within the tumor microenvironment are associated with a more virulent tumor phenotype. Solid tumors in which IL-1 has been shown to be up regulated include breast, colon, lung, head and neck cancers, and melanomas, and patients with IL-1 producing tumors have generally bad prognoses. The exact mechanisms by which IL-1 promotes tumor growth remain unclear, though the protein is believed to act via induction of pro-metastatic genes such as matrix metalloproteinases and through the stimulation of adjacent cells to produce angiogenic proteins and growth factors such as VEGF, IL-8, IL-6, TNFalpha, and TGFbeta. The IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) is a naturally occurring inhibitor to IL-1 and acts by binding to the IL-1 receptor without activating it. The protein has been shown to decrease tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastases in murine xenograft models. Our focus in this review is to summarize the known data on the role of IL-1 in tumor progression and metastasis and the use of IL-1 inhibition as a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of solid organ malignancies.
A novel neuronal messenger molecule in brain: The free radical, nitric oxide (1992)

Understanding of the organization and function of a newly identified neuronal messenger molecule, nitric oxide, has progressed rapidly. Nitric oxide synthase has been purified and molecularly cloned from brain. Its localization is exclusively neuronal and endothelial. The catalytic activity of nitric oxide synthase accounts for the NADPH diaphorase staining of neurons that are uniquely resistant to toxic insults and neurodegenerative disorders. Nitric oxide has diverse functions. In platelets it inhibits their aggregation, in macrophages it mediates cytotoxicity, and in blood vessels it acts as a vasodilator. In the nervous system nitric oxide may be the retrograde transmitter in long-term potentiation. It is the "neurotransmitter" of cerebral vasodilator nerves and the inhibitory "neurotransmitter" of the motor neurons of the intestines. Nitric oxide in situations of excessive production may function as a neurotoxin, suggesting a role for nitric oxide in neurodegenerative disorders.
Ni−V2O5·nH2O Core−Shell Nanocable Arrays for Enhanced Electrochemical Intercalation (2004)

We have prepared Ni-V(2)O(5).nH(2)O core-shell nanocable arrays for Li(+) intercalation applications. Ni-V(2)O(5).nH(2)O nanocables were prepared via formation of Ni nanorod arrays through the template based electrochemical deposition, followed by coating of V(2)O(5).nH(2)O on Ni nanorods through electrophoretic deposition. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrograph clearly shows the Ni core was covered completely by a V(2)O(5).nH(2)O shell. Electrochemical analysis demonstrates that in a current density of 1.6 A/g, the Li(+) intercalation capacity of Ni-V(2)O(5).nH(2)O nanocable array is approximately 10 times higher than that of single-crystal V(2)O(5) nanorod array and 20 times higher than that of sol-gel-derived V(2)O(5) film. Both energy density and power density of such nanocable-array electrodes are higher than the V(2)O(5) film electrode by at least 1 order of magnitude. Such significant improvement in electrochemical performance is due to the large surface area and short diffusion path offered by the nanostructured V(2)O(5).nH(2)O.
Adapting Transmitter Power and Modulation Format to Improve Optical Network Performance Utilizing the Gaussian Noise Model of Nonlinear Impairments (2014)

This paper serves to highlight the gains in SNR margin and/or data capacity that can be achieved through a proper optimization of the transceiver parameters, for example, launch power, modulation format, and channel allocation. A simple quality of transmission estimator is described that allows a rapid estimation of the signal quality based on ASE noise and nonlinear interference utilizing the Gaussian noise model. The quality of transmission estimator was used to optimize the SNR and maximise the data throughput of transmission signals in a point-to-point link by adjusting the launch power and modulation format. In a three-node network, the launch power and channel allocation were adjusted to minimise the overall effect of nonlinear interference. This paper goes on to show that by optimizing the transceiver modulation format as part of the channel allocation and routing problem gains in network data throughput can be achieved for the 14-node NSF mesh network.
Femtosecond studies of carrier dynamics in InGaN (1997)

Ultrafast carrier dynamics in In0.16Ga0.84N were investigated using femtosecond transient transmission measurements. We observed a fast initial carrier cooling on a time scale of 500 fs followed by a slow relaxation process which persisted longer than 5 ps due to a hot phonon effect. Band gap renormalization induced transient absorption was observed using a probe photon energy 300 meV above the band edge. These results were compared to a model based on the numerical resolution of the carrier Boltzmann equations.
Experimental approaches to hypothetical hormones: detection of a candidate ligand of the neu protooncogene. (1989)

There is a growing list of oncogenes encoding transmembrane tyrosine kinases that have structures reminiscent of growth factor receptors. In most cases, the ligands for these putative receptors are unknown. Using the neu oncogene as a model system, we have developed several experimental approaches for the detection of such hypothetical ligands. The following lines of evidence collectively imply that a candidate ligand of the neu-encoded oncoprotein is secreted by ras-transformed fibroblasts: Medium conditioned by ras transformants is able to induce down-modulation of the neu-encoded p185 and to activate its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity in vitro. In addition, a rapid increase in the phosphorylation in vivo of tyrosine residues of the neu-encoded protein is induced by the conditioned medium. Finally, transfer of the neu gene into hematopoietic cells renders them mitogenically responsive to the conditioned medium. The possibility of indirect activation of the oncoprotein through other known receptors, especially the receptor for the epidermal growth factor, was experimentally excluded.
Prevention of disease progression in a patient with a gastric cancer-re-recurrence. Outcome after intravenous treatment with the novel antineoplastic agent taurolidine. Report of a case (2006)

The intravenous treatment with 2% taurolidine led to a histological remission of the tumor growth without any toxicity for the patient.
Erythropoietin and VEGF promote neural outgrowth from retinal explants in postnatal rats. (2002)

The data demonstrate for the first time that EPO and VEGF have a significant and specific biological effect on neurite regrowth of axotomized RGCs. Therefore, these results imply that EPO and VEGF have not only a neuroprotective but also a neuroregenerative role in ischemic retinal conditions.
Induction of Apoptosis and Inhibition of Cell Proliferation bysurvivin Gene Targeting (1998)

Survivin is a new IAP apoptosis inhibitor expressed during development and in human cancer in vivo. The coding strand of the survivin gene was extensively complementary to that of effector cell protease receptor-1 (EPR-1), prompting the present investigation on the origin and functional relationship of these two transcripts. Southern blots of genomic DNA were consistent with the presence of multiple, evolutionarily conserved, EPR-1/Survivin-related genes. By pulsed field gel electrophoresis and single- and two-color fluorescence in situ hybridization, these were contained within a contiguous physical interval of 75-130 kilobases (kb) on chromosome 17q25. In Northern blots, a single strand-specific probe identified a 1.3-kb EPR-1 mRNA broadly distributed in normal adult and fetal tissues, structurally distinct from the 1.9-kb Survivin transcript expressed in transformed cell lines. Transient co-transfection of an EPR-1 cDNA potentially acting as a Survivin antisense with a lacZ reporter plasmid resulted in loss of viability of HeLa cells. In contrast, co-transfection of an antisense cDNA of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 or a sense-oriented Survivin cDNA was without effect. In stably transfected HeLa cells, ZnSO4 induction of an EPR-1 mRNA under the control of a metallothionein promoter suppressed the expression of endogenous survivin. This resulted in (i) increased apoptosis as detected by analysis of DNA content and in situ internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and (ii) inhibition of cell proliferation as compared with induced vector control transfectants. These findings suggest the existence of a potential EPR-1/survivin gene cluster and identify survivin as a new target for disrupting cell viability pathways in cancer.
Continuation of acoustic near-fields (2003)

This paper deals with the analytic continuation of a coherent pressure field specified on a finite sheet located close to and conformal to the surface of a vibrator. This analytic continuation is an extension or extrapolation of the given (measured) field into a region outside and tangential to the original finite sheet, and is based on the Green’s function (the transfer function) relating acoustic quantities on the two conformal surfaces. The continuation of the measured pressure field is an inverse problem that requires the use or regularization theory, especially when noise is present in the data. An iteration algorithm is presented that is successful in continuing the pressure field into the tangential sheet. The results are accurate close to the original boundary and taper (decay) toward zero with distance away from it. The algorithm is tested on numerical and experimental data from a point-driven rectangular plate. Results show the successful extrapolation (continuation) of this data into an area nearly double that of the original pressure field. This algorithm is not limited to planar surfaces and can be applied to arbitrarily shaped surfaces.