gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The hydrolysis of α-human atrial natriuretic peptide by pig kidney microvillar membranes is initiated by endopeptidase-24.11 (1987)

alpha-Human atrial natriuretic peptide, a 28-amino-acid-residue peptide, was rapidly hydrolysed by pig kidney microvillar membranes in vitro, with a t1/2 of 8 min, comparable with the rate observed with angiotensins II and III. The products of hydrolysis were analysed by h.p.l.c., the pattern obtained with membranes being similar to that with purified endopeptidase-24.11 (EC 3.4.24.11). No hydrolysis by peptidyl dipeptidase A (angiotensin I converting enzyme, EC 3.4.15.1) was observed. The contribution of the various microvillar membrane peptidases was assessed by including specific inhibitors. Phosphoramidon, an inhibitor of endopeptidase-24.11, caused 80-100% suppression of the products. Captopril and amastatin (inhibitors of peptidyl dipeptidase A and aminopeptidases respectively) had no significant effect. Hydrolysis at an undefined site within the disulphide-linked ring occurred rapidly, followed by hydrolysis at other sites, including the Ser25--Phe26 bond.
PPGSecure: Biometric Presentation Attack Detection Using Photopletysmograms (2017)

Authentication of users by exploiting face as a biometric is gaining widespread traction due to recent advances in face detection and recognition algorithms. While face recognition has made rapid advances in its performance, such face-based authentication systems remain vulnerable to biometric presentation attacks. Biometric presentation attacks are varied and the most common attacks include the presentation of a video or photograph on a display device, the presentation of a printed photograph or the presentation of a face mask resembling the user to be authenticated. In this paper, we present PPGSecure, a novel methodology that relies on camera-based physiology measurements to detect and thwart such biometric presentation attacks. PPGSecure uses a photoplethysmogram (PPG), which is an estimate of vital signs from the small color changes in the video observed due to minor pulsatile variations in the volume of blood flowing to the face. We demonstrate that the temporal frequency spectra of the estimated PPG signal for real live individuals are distinctly different than those of presentation attacks and exploit these differences to detect presentation attacks. We demonstrate that PPGSecure achieves significantly better performance than existing state of the art presentation attack detection methods.
Triple-negative breast cancer (2010)

Perou's molecular classification defines tumors that neither express hormone receptors nor overexpress HER2 as triple-negative (TN) tumors. These tumors account for approximately 15% of breast cancers. The so-called basaloid tumors are not always synonymous with TN tumors; they differ in the fact that they express different molecular markers, have a higher histologic grade, and have a worse prognosis. Clinically they occur in younger women as interval cancer, and the risk of recurrence is higher within the first 3 years. Distant recurrences in the brain and visceral metastases are more common than in hormone receptor-positive tumors. Therapeutically, despite being highly chemosensitive, their progression-free time is generally short. In terms of chemotherapeutic treatment, anthracyclines and taxanes are useful drugs, and high response rates have been described for the combination of ixabepilone-capecitabine and platinums. The combination with antiangiogenic drugs has also proven useful. A group of new drugs, poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase inhibitors, showed favorable results in TN tumors with BRCA mutation. There are currently several ongoing studies with new drugs including epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, c-kit inhibitors, Raf/Mek/Map kinase inhibitors and mTOR inhibitors.
Lung Dendritic Cells: Targets for Therapy in Allergic Disease (2008)

Dendritic cells are crucial in determining the functional outcome of allergen encounter in the lung. Antigen presentation by myeloid DCs leads to Th2 sensitization typical of allergic disease, whereas antigen presentation by plasmacytoid DCs serves to dampen inflammation. It is increasingly clear that DCs have an antigen presenting function beyond sensitisation. DCs therefore constitute a novel target for the development of anti-allergic therapy aimed at the origin of the inflammatory cascade. A careful study of DC biology and of the receptors expressed by lung DCs has provided a framework for the discovery of novel anti-allergic compounds.
The effect of agarose and dexamethasone on the nature and production of extracellular matrix components by elastic cartilage chondrocytes. (1984)

Chondrocytes isolated enzymatically from rabbit ear cartilage, were cultivated in vitro in the presence of 2% agarose or 0.1 mumol/l dexamethasone. Freshly-isolated chondrocytes suspended in either Eagle's medium or 2% agarose were auto-transplanted intramuscularly. Samples were then examined by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The cells cultivated in vitro rapidly formed confluent multiple overlapping layers filled with a loose matrix consisting of single collagen fibres, proteoglycans and scarce elastic fibres. The number and maturity of the elastic fibres increased substantially after dexamethasone was added. The chondrocytes in intramuscular transplants produced a larger amount of intercellular matrix with many elastic fibres than those cultured in vitro. Addition of agarose to in vitro and in vivo systems selectively suppressed the elastin production but did not diminish the production of elastic fibre microfibrils and other matrix components. This made cultures and transplants of elastic chondrocytes resemble rather hyaline cartilage than the original tissue. It seems that the lack of elastin in the matrix does not result simply from inhibition of elastin secretion or increased elastolysis. It may be related to a reversible change of genetic expression of elastic cartilage chondrocytes under the influence of agarose.
Event-Driven Architecture Overview (2006)

We are pleased to see an increased interest in the connection between SOA and EDA. Enterprise architects and IT strategists are considering how to best create (evolve) an environment for IT and business agility. Thought leaders at leading SOA and integration vendors are coalescing visions and product strategies for SOA, integration, and event processing. Despite the interest uptake, we have a lingering concern. Many SOA evangelists are only telling the event-driven SOA part of the story. Enterprises might miss out on opportunities for real-time information flow and analysis, and complex event processing. For the full EDA story, read this report.
Computer assisted total knee arthroplasty using patient specific templates. (2006)

Current techniques used for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) rely on conventional instrumentation (CI) systems that violate the intramedullary canals. The accuracy of&#13;\nthese systems is questionable, and set up and assembly of their numerous pieces is time consuming. Navigation techniques are more accurate, but their broad application is limited by cost and complexity.&#13;\n&#13;\nThe aim of this study was to prove a new concept of computer assisted preoperative planning to provide patient-specific templates (PST) that can replace conventional instruments. Computed tomography based planning was used to design two virtual templates. Using rapid prototyping technology, virtual templates were transferred into physical templates (cutting blocks) with surfaces that matched the distal femur and proximal tibia. Forty five TKA procedures were performed on 16 cadaveric and 29 plastic knees using the PST technique. Six out of 29 TKA&#13;\nprocedures were included in a comparative trial against 6 procedures performed using CI systems. Computer assisted analysis of 6 random postoperative CT scans was performed to evaluate the accuracy of this technique. A reliability test was performed, in which five observers positioned the templates on a plastic knee model and a navigation system was used to measure alignment and the level of bone&#13;\ncutting for the planned tibial and femoral cuts. Each observer repeated the test 5 times. Errors in placement of the templates as well as intraobserver and interobserver variations were measured.&#13;\n&#13;\nThe study showed that it was possible to perform all 45 TKA procedures without CI systems. There was no need for intramedullary perforation, tracking or registration. The mean time for bone cutting was 9 minutes (15 minutes for CI&#13;\nsystems), when the surgeon had an assistant and 11 minutes (30 minutes for CI systems), when the surgeon was unassisted. Postoperative CT scans showed mean errors of 1.70 and 0.8 mm (maximum 2.30 and 1.2 mm) for alignment and bone resection respectively. The reliability test had a mean alignment error of 0.670(maximum 2.50). The mean error for bone resection was 0.32 mm (maximum 1 mm). The positioning of the templates was reliable, as there was no significant intraobserver and interobserver variation.&#13;\n&#13;\nThis study proved the concept of patient-specific templating for TKA. It also showed a satisfactory level of accuracy and reliability of this technique. In conclusion, the PST technique has several advantages over conventional&#13;\ninstrumentation and it is a simple alternative to navigation and robotic techniques for TKA. Further clinical validation is required before recommending this technique for new users.
A Slow, Tight-Binding Inhibitor of the Zinc-Dependent Deacetylase LpxC of Lipid A Biosynthesis with Antibiotic Activity Comparable to Ciprofloxacin (2005)

The zinc-dependent enzyme LpxC catalyzes the deacetylation of UDP-3-O-acyl-GlcNAc, the first committed step of lipid A biosynthesis. Lipid A is an essential component of the outer membranes of most Gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, making LpxC an attractive target for antibiotic design. The inhibition of LpxC by a novel N-aroyl-l-threonine hydroxamic acid (CHIR-090) from a recent patent application (International Patent WO 2004/062601 A2 to Chiron and the University of Washington) is reported here. CHIR-090 possesses remarkable antibiotic activity against both E. coli and P. aeruginosa, comparable to that of ciprofloxacin. The biological activity of CHIR-090 is explained by its inhibition of diverse LpxC orthologues at low nanomolar concentrations, including that of Aquifex aeolicus, for which structural information is available. The inhibition of A. aeolicus LpxC by CHIR-090 occurs in two steps. The first step is rapid and reversible, with a K(i) of 1.0-1.7 nM, depending upon the method of assay. The second step involves the conversion of the EI complex with a half-life of about a minute to a tightly bound form. The second step is functionally irreversible but does not result in the covalent modification of the enzyme, as judged by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. CHIR-090 is the first example of a slow, tight-binding inhibitor for LpxC and may be the prototype for a new generation of LpxC inhibitors with therapeutic applicability.
Exploring the active site of herpes simplex virus type-1 thymidine kinase by X-ray crystallography of complexes with aciclovir and other ligands (1998)

Antiherpes therapies are principally targeted at viral thymidine kinases and utilize nucleoside analogs, the triphosphates of which are inhibitors of viral DNA polymerase or result in toxic effects when incorporated into DNA. The most frequently used drug, aciclovir (Zovirax), is a relatively poor substrate for thymidine kinase and high-resolution structural information on drugs and other molecules binding to the target is therefore important for the design of novel and more potent chemotherapy, both in antiherpes treatment and in gene therapy systems where thymidine kinase is expressed. Here, we report for the first time the binary complexes of HSV-1 thymidine kinase (TK) with the drug molecules aciclovir and penciclovir, determined by X-ray crystallography at 2.37 A resolution. Moreover, from new data at 2.14 A resolution, the refined structure of the complex of TK with its substrate deoxythymidine (R = 0.209 for 96% of all data) now reveals much detail concerning substrate and solvent interactions with the enzyme. Structures of the complexes of TK with four halogen-containing substrate analogs have also been solved, to resolutions better than 2.4 A. The various TK inhibitors broadly fall into three groups which together probe the space of the enzyme active site in a manner that no one molecule does alone, so giving a composite picture of active site interactions that can be exploited in the design of novel compounds.
Synthesis of some mimics of nucleoside triphosphates (1991)

The nucleotide analogues 10, 13, 14 and 20 have been synthesised; the latter phosphonate was converted into the diphosphoryl-phosphonate 21 and this compound was shown to be a potent inhibitor of HIV-coded reverse transcriptase.
Carbon nanotube films obtained by thermal chemical vapour deposition (2001)

Films of carbon nanotubes are interesting for technical applications such as cold cathodes in field emission devices. We discuss experiments in which nanotube films are grown by a simple thermal chemical vapour deposition method from hydrocarbon molecules, employing the catalytic activity of deposited iron particles. Using an in situ catalyst preparation method starting from gaseous Fe(CO)5, films of vertically aligned and non-aligned multi-wall carbon nanotubes can be synthesised. Nanotube film growth is discussed as a function of the growth conditions. Steps towards the formation of horizontally aligned nanotube films and nanotube patterns are presented. Field emission measurements demonstrate the high electron emission efficiency of the as-grown films.
Scalable Fabrication of Low Elastic Modulus Polymeric Nanocarriers With Controlled Shapes for Diagnostics and Drug Delivery (2014)

A new process, decoupled functional imprint lithography (D-FIL), is presented for fabricating low elastic modulus polymeric nanocarriers possessing Young's modulus of bulk material as low as sub-1 MPa. This method is employed to fabricate sub-50 nm diameter cylinders with &gt;3:1 aspect ratio and other challenging shapes from low elastic modulus polymers such as N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and poly(ethylene glycol) di-acrylate (PEGDA), possessing Young's modulus of bulk material &lt;10 MPa which is cannot otherwise be imprinted in similar size and pitch using existing imprint techniques. Standard imprint lithography polymers have Young's modulus &gt;1 GPa, and so these polymers used in nanocarrier fabrication in comparison have very low elastic modulus. Monodispersed, shape- and size-specific nanocarriers composed of NIPAM with material elastic modulus of &lt;1 MPa have been fabricated and show thermal responsive behavior at the lower critical solubility temperature (LCST) of ∼32 °C. In addition, re-entrant shaped nanocarriers composed of PEGDA with elastic modulus &lt;10 MPa are also fabricated. Nanocarriers fabricated from PEGDA are shown with model imaging agent and anticancer drug (Doxorubicin) encapsulated in as small as 50 nm cylindrical nanocarriers.
Development of Recombinant Chimeric Antigen Expressing Immunodominant B Epitopes ofLeishmania infantumfor Serodiagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis (2005)

Wild canids and domestic dogs are the main reservoir of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania infantum (syn.: Leishmania chagasi). Serological diagnosis of VL is therefore important in both human and dog leishmaniasis from a clinical and epidemiological point of view. Routine diagnosis of VL is traditionally carried out by immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT), which is laborious and difficult to standardize and to interpret. In the last decade, however, several specific antigens of Leishmania infantum have been characterized, allowing the development of a recombinant-based immunoassay. Among them, the whole open reading frame encoding K9 antigen, the gene fragment encoding the repetitive sequence of K26, and the 3'-terminal gene fragment of the kinesin-related protein (K39sub) were previously evaluated as diagnostic markers for canine leishmaniasis and proved to be independent in their antibody reactivity. Since sensitivity of serological test is usually higher in multiple-epitope format, in this study the relevant epitopes of K9, K26, and K39 antigens were joined by PCR strategy to produce the chimeric recombinant protein. The resulting mosaic antigen was found highly expressed in Escherichia coli and efficiently purified by affinity chromatography. Antigenic properties of this recombinant antigen were evaluated by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a panel of human and dog sera previously characterized by parasitological and/or serological techniques. Chimeric ELISA showed 99% specificity in both human (n = 180) and canine (n = 343) control groups, while sensitivity was higher in canine VL (96%, n = 213) than in human VL (82%, n = 185). Accordingly, concordance between IFAT and canine chimeric ELISA (k = 0.95, 95% confidence interval = 0.93 to 0.98) was higher than between IFAT and human chimeric ELISA (k = 0.81, 95% confidence interval = 0.76 to 0.87). Results suggest the potential use of this new antigen for routine serodiagnosis of VL in both human and canine hosts.
Catalytic, Enantioselective Dienolate Additions to Aldehydes: Preparation of Optically Active Acetoacetate Aldol Adducts (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic, Enantioselective Dienolate Additions to Aldehydes: Preparation of Optically Active Acetoacetate Aldol AdductsRobert A. Singer and Erick M. CarreiraCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 49, 12360–12361Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00154a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00154a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1984Altmetric-Citations217LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
DnaX Complex of Escherichia coli DNA Polymerase III Holoenzyme (1995)

The alternative forms of the DnaX protein found in Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III holoenzyme, tau and gamma, were purified from extracts of strains carrying overexpressing plasmids mutated in their frameshifting sequences such that they produced only one subunit or the other. The purified subunits were used to reconstitute the tau and gamma complexes which were characterized by functional assays. The gamma complex-reconstituted holoenzyme required a stoichiometric excess of DNA polymerase III core, beyond physiological levels, for activity. The tau subunit stimulated the gamma complex 2-fold, but could not be used to reconstitute a holoenzyme with gamma complex and stoichiometric quantities of core. In the presence of adenosine 5'-O-(3'-thiotriphospate) (ATP gamma S), the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme behaves as an asymmetric dimer; it can form only initiation complexes with primed DNA in one-half of the enzyme (Johanson, K. O., and McHenry, C. S. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 4589-4595). An asymmetric distribution of two products of the dnaX gene, gamma and tau, has been postulated to underlie the asymmetry of holoenzyme. To provide a direct test for this hypothesis, we reconstituted holoenzyme containing only the gamma or tau DnaX proteins. We observed that, although gamma could function in the presence of ATP and high concentrations of DNA polymerase III core, it was nearly inert in the presence of ATP gamma S. In contrast, tau-containing holoenzyme behaved exactly like native holoenzyme in the presence of ATP gamma S. These results implicate tau as a key component required to reconstitute holoenzyme with native behavior and show that tau plays a key role in initiation complex formation. These results also show that gamma is not a necessary component, since all of the known properties of native holoenzyme can be reproduced with a 9-subunit tau-holoenzyme.
Insecticidal Fusion Proteins For The Control of Coleopteran Pests (2011)

Fusion proteins containing a toxin fused to a carrier domain which directs transport across the insect gut epithelium have been shown to be effective orally active insecticides. Expression of functional recombinant fusion proteins comprising of snowdrop lectin (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin; GNA) fused to toxins from Indian red scorpion (Mesobuthus tamulus toxin; ButaIT) and Blue Mountains funnel-web spider (Hadronyche versuta toxins; Ï-ACTX-Hv1a (Ï-ACTX); Îº-ACTX-Hv1c (Îº-ACTX)) was carried out in both yeast (Pichia pastoris) and plant (Arabidopsis thaliana) expression systems. Addition of purification tags, altering the design of assembly of the fusion protein and point mutation of toxin sequence were all investigated to improve yield and reduce proteolytic cleavage during expression and purification. &#13;\n&#13;\nRecombinant proteins were assayed for oral toxicity against T. castaneum as a model coleopteran species. Fusion proteins incorporating ButaIT and Ï-ACTX toxins showed toxicity ranging from complete mortality when fed at 1mg g-1 ((his)6-GNA-Ï-ACTX and Ï-ACTX-GNA-(his)6) to 65% mortality when fed at 2mg g-1 (ButaIT-GNA-(his)6). Fusion proteins incorporating Îº-ACTX and GNA were shown to be non-toxic despite individual components being functional. Lack of toxicity was due to high proteolytic cleavage in the insect gut environment. Data was obtained to support the use of Tribolium as a model for wireworm (Agriotes spp.), serious pests of potatoes in the UK.&#13;\nSelected fusion proteins were expressed in transgenic Arabidopsis. &#13;\n&#13;\nExpression for ButaIT-GNA as a fusion polypeptide was readily detectable in transformants with estimated levels of expression of approx. 0.15% total soluble protein in leaf tissue. When plants expressing ButaIT-GNA fusion protein were fed to larvae of the tomato moth (Lacanobia oleracea) the fusion protein was shown to be fully functional with levels of toxicity comparable to that seen in previous artificial diet bioassays. Ï-ACTX based constructs expressed in Arabidopsis were subject to high levels of proteolytic cleavage in planta and so were not assayed for toxicity.
Practically essential (1993)

Steve Flatt is not alone in having concerns about practical nursing care (Practically useless, Tradimus, February 17).