gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential regulation of gliogenesis in the context of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice (2004)

In adult hippocampal neurogenesis, new neurons appear to originate from a cell with astrocytic properties expressing glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Also, new astrocytes are generated in the adult dentate gyrus. Whereas the putative astrocyte-like progenitor cells are consistently S-100beta-negative, many new astrocytes are S-100beta-positive. Thus, it is unclear whether the GFAP-positive progenitor cells are astrocytes in a general sense or rather neural progenitor cells with certain astrocytic characteristics. We therefore investigated the development of GFAP-expressing cells in the context of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Proliferating cells could be either GFAP-positive or doublecortin-positive (DCX), but never both, indicating two independent populations of dividing cells in the glial and neuronal lineages. Two distinct populations of cells with astroglial properties were detected-one expressing GFAP, the other co-expressing GFAP and S-100beta. We never found S-100beta-cells to be in S-phase. No overlap between neuronal and glial markers was seen at any time point. Thus, astrogenesis occurred in parallel and to some degree independent of adult neurogenesis. The uninterrupted GFAP expression in this lineage, and neuronal markers in the other lineage, argue against a late common precursor for neurogenesis and gliogenesis in the adult hippocampus. Very few newly generated microglia and no new oligodendrocytes were detected. Environmental enrichment and voluntary wheel running-two experimental paradigms with robust stimulatory effects on adult hippocampal neurogenesis-affected hippocampal astrogenesis differentially: Running, but not enrichment, strongly induced net astrogenesis (GFAP/S-100beta), but also GFAP-positive S-100beta-negative cells, which thus appear to be a transiently amplifiable intermediate population within the glial lineage.
Induction of effective immunity to Moloney murine sarcoma virus using monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody as immunogen. (1989)

We have isolated an anti-idiotypic mAb (RS1.1.3), which recognizes an idiotope present on several IgM mAb specific for Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV)-determined cell surface Ag. The binding of RS1.1.3 to idiotypic antibody could be inhibited by specific Ag. Intraperitoneal immunization of mice with purified RS1.1.3 antibody-induced effective immunity against Moloney murine sarcoma virus challenge. A single injection of RS1.1.3 7 days before virus challenge resulted in a 27% reduction in tumor load compared to non-immune control mice challenged with the same dose of virus, whereas multiple injections of RS1.1.3 before virus challenge resulted in a 75% reduction in tumor load. The protective effect of anti-idiotype immunization appeared to be T dependent, because immunization of athymic mice had no effect on their susceptibility to tumor virus challenge. Administration of the anti-idiotypic antibody after virus inoculation caused an increase in tumor load of nearly 50% compared to non-immune controls. BALB/c mice immunized with RS1.1.3 developed anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies, as well as M-MuLV Ag-specific antibodies. Analysis of sera from RS1.1.3-immune mice subsequently challenged with Moloney murine sarcoma virus indicated an inverse relationship between tumor load and M-MuLV-specific serum IgG titers induced by the RS1.1.3 immunization. These results indicate that anti-idiotypic mAb may be used as immunogen to induce Ag-specific antibody responses, and to cause effective immunity to a retro-virus-induced tumor.
Targeted overexpression of parathyroid hormone-related peptide in chondrocytes causes chondrodysplasia and delayed endochondral bone formation. (1996)

Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) was initially identified as a product of malignant tumors that mediates paraneoplastic hypercalcemia. It is now known that the parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTHrP genes are evolutionarily related and that the products of these two genes share a common receptor, the PTH/PTHrP receptor. PTHrP and the PTH/PTHrP receptor are widely expressed in both adult and fetal tissues, and recent gene-targeting and disruption experiments have implicated PTHrP as a developmental regulatory molecule. Apparent PTHrP functions include the regulation of endochondral bone development, of hair follicle formation, and of branching morphogenesis in the breast. Herein, we report that overexpression of PTHrP in chondrocytes using the mouse type II collagen promoter induces a novel form of chondrodysplasia characterized by short-limbed dwarfism and a delay in endochondral ossification. This features a delay in chondrocyte differentiation and in bone collar formation and is sufficiently marked that the mice are born with a cartilaginous endochondral skeleton. In addition to the delay, chondrocytes in the transgenic mice initially become hypertrophic at the periphery of the developing long bones rather than in the middle, leading to a seeming reversal in the pattern of chondrocyte differentiation and ossification. By 7 weeks, the delays in chondrocyte differentiation and ossification have largely corrected, leaving foreshortened and misshapen but histologically near-normal bones. These findings confirm a role for PTHrP as an inhibitor of the program of chondrocyte differentiation. PTHrP may function in this regard to maintain the stepwise differentiation of chondrocytes that initiates endochondral ossification in the midsection of endochondral bones early in development and that also permits linear growth at the growth plate later in development.
Altered gene expression in dry age-related macular degeneration suggests early loss of choroidal endothelial cells. (2013)

GSEA results suggest that RPE transcripts are preserved or elevated in early AMD, concomitant with loss of endothelial cell marker expression. These results are consistent with the notion that choroidal endothelial cell dropout or dedifferentiation occurs early in the pathogenesis of AMD.
Active oxygen species mediate the solar ultraviolet radiation‐dependent increase in the tumour suppressor protein p53 in human skin fibroblasts (1997)

Active oxygen species mediate many of the biological consequences of exposing cultured human skin cells to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation (290-380 nm). A critical step in the escape from the carcinogenic potential of UV radiation is mediated by the protein p53. P53 activates growth arrest, allowing for DNA repair, and apoptosis, which removes damaged cells. Here I show that p53 in cultured human skin fibroblasts is elevated after treatment with hydrogen peroxide, an oxidant produced in cells during exposure to solar UV radiation. Simulated solar UV radiation increased p53, and agents that scavenge active oxygen species, N-acetylcysteine, ascorbate and alpha-tocopherol, inhibited the increase. The generation of DNA single strand breaks has been proposed to be an important step in the pathway leading to the increase in p53 initiated by a variety of cytotoxic agents. In this study I show that compounds that allow the accumulation of DNA single strand breaks, ara c and hydroxyurea, enhanced the UVC radiation (254 nm)-dependent increase in p53, but had no effect on the solar UV radiation-dependent increase. Thus, while DNA single strand breaks are involved in the UVC radiation-dependent increase in p53, the increase caused by solar UV radiation occurs by an alternative mechanism involving active oxygen species.
Improved staining method for determining the extent of thermal damage to cells (2006)

The paraffin-embedded lactate dehydrogenase stained sections provide improved evaluation of thermally damaged tissues, particularly the lipid rich tissues.
Supramolecular Assembly between Nanoparticles of Hydrophobized Polysaccharide and Soluble Protein Complexation between the Self-Aggregate of Cholesterol-Bearing Pullulan and .alpha.-Chymotrypsin (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSupramolecular Assembly between Nanoparticles of Hydrophobized Polysaccharide and Soluble Protein Complexation between the Self-Aggregate of Cholesterol-Bearing Pullulan and .alpha.-ChymotrypsinTakehiro Nishikawa, Kazunari Akiyoshi, and Junzo SunamotoCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 26, 7654–7659Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00104a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00104a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views912Altmetric-Citations154LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Large Scale Structures in Nanocomposite Hydrogels (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTLarge Scale Structures in Nanocomposite HydrogelsElena Loizou, Paul Butler, Lionel Porcar, Ella Kesselman, Yeshayahu Talmon, Avinash Dundigalla, and Gudrun SchmidtView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803; National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899; and Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel Cite this: Macromolecules 2005, 38, 6, 2047–2049Publication Date (Web):February 24, 2005Publication History Received16 December 2004Revised31 January 2005Published online24 February 2005Published inissue 1 March 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma047411ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma047411arapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2005 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1340Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Cells,Chemical structure,Clay,Polymers,Scanning electron microscopy Get e-Alerts
UNCAGING THE HAGELIN CRYPTOGRAPH (1983)

A modification of the cage of the Hagelin (M-209) cipher machine is shown to make the modified cipher secure against the Morris Known Plaintext Attack.
Nucleotide sequences of the gnd genes from nine natural isolates of Escherichia coli: evidence of intragenic recombination as a contributing factor in the evolution of the polymorphic gnd locus (1991)

Nine natural isolates of Escherichia coli were examined, and the sequence of the entire 1,404 bases of the gnd gene (6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, EC 1.1.1.44) was determined. These isolates, along with E. coli K-12, constitute 10 strains for analysis. (The sequence of the E. coli K-12 gnd gene is known.) A total of 184 sites were polymorphic, and up to 6% sequence divergence was observed between pairs of strains. The deduced amino acid sequences showed much more variation than had been shown by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, and in addition the net charge calculated did not correlate strongly with electrophoretic mobility. A phylogenetic tree for the sequences that was based on maximum parsimony differed significantly from a tree for the same strains that was based on multilocus enzyme electrophoresis for 35 enzymes (R. K. Selander, D. A. Caugant, and T. S. Whittam, p. 1625-1648, in F. C. Neidhardt, J. L. Ingraham, K. B. Low, B. Magasanik, M. Schaechter, and H. E. Umbarger, ed., Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium: Cellular and Molecular Biology, 1987). These data, together with analysis of sequence variation between the strains, indicated that intragenic recombination and transfer of the whole of gnd have occurred in the evolution of these strains. There is evidence of one recombination event between E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium.
Development of multichannel quartz crystal microbalances for MIP‐based biosensing (2012)

Abstract Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) offer a huge potential in the development of cheap small‐scale disposable biomimetic sensors. They are suited for a wide variety of biological targets and are compatible with many different measurement techniques such as gravimetric sensing and impedance spectroscopy. One potential sensor platform for MIP‐based biosensors is the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). A 4‐channel MIP/non‐imprinted polymer (NIP) coated QCM biosensor array was developed on a single piece of quartz crystal. To study cross‐channel frequency coupling of the resonance modes, a simulation of crystal designs using finite element analysis (FEA) modeling was created. Based on these simulations and using reactive ion etching (RIE) to create mesa‐like structures on the crystal surface, crosstalk can be severely reduced. The improved functionality compared to the traditional QCMs was demonstrated by employing these mesa‐type multichannel QCM (MQCM) crystals as an L ‐nicotine biosensor platform.
Interaction of the Human Serine Protease Inhibitor a-1-Antitrypsin with Cryptosporidium parvum (1996)

The protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum was studied for interaction with a human serine protease inhibitor (serpin), alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT). A C. parvum homogenate (CPH) prepared from oocysts was incubated with purified human AAT and complexes formed between the serpin and CPH were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The optical density read at 450 nm of AAT:CPH reactivity was significantly increased (P < 0.001) relative to CPH in the absence of AAT treatment. Additionally, ELISA reactivity was blocked by incubating AAT with a cognate target enzyme, porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE), prior to treatment of the CPH. Incubation of a partially excysted sample of C. parvum with AAT (37 C x 60 min) demonstrated preferential fluorescence labeling of sporozoites by indirect immunofluorescence assay; AAT complexes were not detected on intact oocysts. Localization of AAT interactions with C. parvum sporozoites was visualized by transmission immunoelectron microscopy. Collectively, these data suggest that C. parvum sporozoites express a protease-like component that is recognized by human AAT. The ability to block ELISA reactivity with PPE suggests that the AAT interactions we detected are functionally similar to the serpin-enzyme complex AAT forms with a protease target.
Novel migraine therapy with calcitonin gene-regulated peptide receptor antagonists (2007)

Primary headaches, for example, migraine and cluster headaches represent the most prevalent neurological disorders, affecting up to 15-20% of the adult population. There is a clear association between head pain and the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). In this review the role of CGRP in human cranial circulation is described and the role for specific CGRP antagonism elucidated. It is well known that triptans (5-HT(1B/1D) agonist) alleviate headache in part through normalisation of CGRP levels. The central role of CGRP in migraine pathophysiology has resulted in the development of small-molecule CGRP antagonists with no cardiovascular side effects. Such compounds have high selectivity for human CGRP receptors and are efficacious in the relief of acute migraine attacks. Research indicates that they effect the abluminal side of the blood-brain barrier and that they are not vasoconstrictive, providing a new dimension in therapy.
Twenty-Year Follow-up of a Randomized Study Comparing Breast-Conserving Surgery with Radical Mastectomy for Early Breast Cancer (2002)

The long-term survival rate among women who undergo breast-conserving surgery is the same as that among women who undergo radical mastectomy. Breast-conserving surgery is therefore the treatment of choice for women with relatively small breast cancers.
Phage Lambda’s Accessory Genes (1983)

INTRODUCTION Phage λ contains some 50 kbp of DNA, and approximately 50 genes have been revealed by analysis of mutants and phage proteins. Most of these genes are essential for perpetuation of the virus in either the lytic or the lysogenic mode of growth. For example, 27 genes are required for the phage to produce mature progeny and form plaques. Five other genes are required for repression, integration, and excision. Several other genes, which form the subject of this paper, are not absolutely required for either lysis or lysogeny. These genes are distributed in several places along the λ genome, and the regions carrying them can be deleted with minimal effects on phage development. Because they are not essential for “normal” phage development in standard hosts and under standard laboratory conditions these genes have been collectively designated as nonessential or dispensable. However, it is becoming clear that these genes are not functionless but, rather, they often have interesting and even essential roles in certain circumstances. Consequently, we prefer to call them accessory genes. In this paper, we review λ ’s accessory genes and discuss their role with respect to both λ and Escherichia coli . Since these genes are dispensable for “normal” λ development, they have not been studied extensively, and our understanding of their expression and function is limited. Nevertheless, we can make a few general statements about their roles. Some appear to be nonessential for phage growth because an analogous or compensating function exists in the host. Others are essential...
Episodic Migraines in Children (2013)

The authors conducted a systematic literature review of preventive pharmacological treatments for episodic childhood migraines searching several databases through May 20, 2012. Episodic migraine prevention was examined in 24 publications of randomized controlled trials that enrolled 1578 children in 16 nonrandomized studies. Single randomized controlled trials provided low-strength evidence that propranolol would result in complete cessation of migraine attacks in 713 per 1000 children treated (95% confidence interval, 452-974); trazodone and nimodipine decreased migraine days, while topiramate, divalproex, and clonidine were no more effective than placebo in preventing migraines. Migraine prevention with multidisciplinary drug management was not sustained at 6 months. Divalproex resulted in treatment discontinuation due to adverse effects, and topiramate increased the risk of paresthesia, upper respiratory tract infection, and weight loss. Long-term preventive benefits and improvement in disability and quality of life are unknown. No studies examined quality of life or provided evidence for individualized treatment decisions.
Capture of circulating tumor cells from whole blood of prostate cancer patients using geometrically enhanced differential immunocapture (GEDI) and a prostate-specific antibody (2009)

Geometrically enhanced differential immunocapture (GEDI) and an antibody for prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) are used for high-efficiency and high-purity capture of prostate circulating tumor cells from peripheral whole blood samples of castrate-resistant prostate cancer patients.
Synthesis and Characterization of Thermoplastic Polyurethaneureas based on Polyisobutylene and Poly(tetramethylene oxide) Segments (2010)

New thermoplastic polyurethaneureas (TPUU) based on polyisobutylene (PIB) and poly(tetramethylene oxide) (PTMO) segments have been synthesized possessing tensile properties comparable to conventional PTMO based TPUs. PIB based TPUU containing 35 weight (wt)% hard segment was synthesized by chain extension of H2N-Allyl-PIB-Allyl-NH2 with 4,4′ -methylene bis(phenylisocyanate) (MDI) and 1,4-butanediol (BDO) in toluene. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) = 12 MPa and ultimate elongation = 70% were inferior to PTMO based polyurethane (UTS = 35 MPa, elongation at break = 600%). H2N-Allyl-PIB-Allyl-NH2 and HO-PTMO-OH in different proportions were chain extended in presence of MDI and BDO to obtain TPUUs containing 35 wt% hard segment. The polymers exhibited M ns = 84000–138000 with polydispersity indices (PDIs) = 1.7–3.7. The UTS = 23–32 MPa and elongation at break = 250–675% was comparable to that of PTMO based polyurethane and significantly higher than the PIB based TPUU with the same Shore hardness. The Young's modulus of the polymers was strongly dependent and directly proportional to the PIB wt% in the SS of the TPUUs.
Rewind, repair, replay (2002)

Motivated by the growth of web and infrastructure services and their susceptibility to human operator-related failures, we introduce system-level undo as a recovery mechanism designed to improve service dependability. Undo enables system operators to recover from their inevitable mistakes and furthermore enables retroactive repair of problems that were not fixed quickly enough to prevent detrimental effects. We present the "three R's", a model of undo that matches the needs of human error recovery and retroactive repair; discuss several of the issues raised by this undo model; and introduce an initial architectural framework for undoable systems using the example of an undoable e-mail service system.
Modern concepts in arthroscopic Bankart repair. (1999)

The purpose of this report is to review recent advances in Bankart repair that allow it to be performed arthroscopically. Metallic implants in the form of staples, screws, or rivets were used initially, but problems with loosening of implants has prompted development of alternative devices and techniques. A modified form of the transglenoid suturing technique used in open Bankart repair has been used successfully but is associated with an increased risk of soft tissue complications. The use of absorbable tacks avoids some of the complications associated with this approach, but the ability to advance the capsule to reduce the volume is limited. Recently, the use of suture anchors has been described for arthroscopic Bankart lesion repair. However, the ability of these anchoring systems to advance and reduce the capsular volume is limited, and the arthroscopic techniques are technically demanding. One particularly innovative suture anchor system uses a bioabsorbable suture anchor with an integrated suture passing system. This self-contained implant allows multiple passes with suture through the capsule, followed by attachment to the glenoid with the bioabsorbable anchor. This procedure allows the capsule to be advanced by passing suture through before it is anchored to the glenoid, thereby reducing capsular volume to help restore shoulder stability.