gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production Forecasting of an Unstable Compacting Chalk Field Using Uncertainty Analysis (1998)

Abstract Accurate production forecasting is a critical factor in an oil company's management and decision making. The production forecast forms the basis for long term planning and decision making, investment decisions and to set performance targets for the organization. For the Valhall field, offshore Norway, forecasting has proved to be difficult as a single discrete event, like the failure of a key producer, can reduce annual average production by up to 10%. The current activity level at Valhall is at an all time high, with two drilling rigs occupied with drilling of new production wells, adding up to 12 new, long reach horizontal wells to the production potential yearly. Accurate prediction of drilling time and initial well rates has proved challenging, adding significant uncertainty to the production forecast. Past years forecasting performance has demonstrated that single most likely' prediction of future production is inadequate for management and planning purposes. Based on this an effort was initiated to improve the forecasting methodology and procedures with special emphasize on handling of uncertainty in Short Term Production Forecasting (STPF). With the STPF being an ongoing effort throughout the year, the preferred methodology should balance the need for using techniques that adequately handle complex relationships while still being efficient and relatively easy to apply in the daily work situation. A spreadsheet based approach to the problem is described, where the standard parameters that impact the future production of most oil fields are handled, as well as the special challenges faced in predicting the performance of the Valhall field. The proposed methodology shows how a customized spreadsheet and use of commercially available statistical analysis ad-ins allows for traditional deterministic production forecasting, partially probabilistic analysis or fully integrated uncertainty analysis. The resulting forecasts assign probabilities to all outcomes as well as a ranking of the uncertainties in the form of a tornado chart. The approach is not unique, as some companies are using techniques based on similar concepts. The specific challenges at Valhall adds additional layers of complexity, and requires extensive integration of the various risk elements. In addition to having an effective forecasting tool, communication and integration of knowledge are seen as key success factors in order to improve the short term production forecasting. The production forecast requires input from several departments and many individuals to ensure that the "company knowledge" is fully reflected. A common language's to communicate uncertainty, and an auditable process to ensure buy-in and consistency is critical for a successful outcome, and is equally important when communicating results. This paper discusses both the development and use of the forecasting tool, and the forecasting process. P. 149
In situ Mechanical Testing Reveals Periodic Buckle Nucleation and Propagation in Carbon Nanotube Bundles (2010)

Abstract Uniaxial compression studies are performed on 50‐µm‐diameter bundles of nominally vertical, intertwined carbon nanotubes grown via chemical vapor deposition from a photolithographically defined catalyst. The inhomogeneous microstructure is examined, demonstrating density and tube orientation gradients, believed to play a role in the unique periodic buckling deformation mechanism. Through in situ uniaxial compression experiments it is discovered that the characteristic bottom‐to‐top sequential buckling proceeds by first nucleating on the bundle surface and subsequently propagating laterally through the bundle, gradually collapsing the entire structure. The effects of strain rate are explored, and storage and loss stiffnesses are analyzed in the context of energy dissipation.
An Apolipoprotein A-I Mimetic Works Best in the Presence of Apolipoprotein A-I (2005)

al 1 report that an apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) mimetic peptide, D-4F, reduced wall thickness and improved vasoreactivity in the fascialis artery (internal diameter 180 to 240 m) in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-null mice on a Western diet. If the mice also lacked apoA-I, D-4F improved vasoreactivity but it did not reduce wall thickness. The authors concluded that apoA-I or some critical threshold of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol was required for maximum effectiveness of D-4F. Both of these mouse models were wild-type for apoA-I. F is an 18-aa peptide that has no sequence homology with apoA-I but forms a class A amphipathic helix and mimics the lipid binding properties of apoA-I. Oral administration of 4F synthesized from all D-amino acids (D-4F) has been shown to dramatically reduce atherosclerosis in mouse models with wildtype apoA-I. Oral D-4F synergized with pravastatin to increase intestinal apoA-I synthesis and increase plasma apoA-I levels and caused lesion regression in old apoE-null mice. ral administration of D-4F to apoE-null or C57BL/6 mice caused the formation of small cholesterol-containing particles with pre- mobility that were enriched in apoA-I and paraoxonase activity, rendered HDL antiinflammatory, and promoted reverse cholesterol transport from intraperitoneally injected cholesterol-loaded macrophages. 7 Oral D-4F also significantly reduced lipoprotein lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) except for pre- HDL fractions in which apoA-I, paraoxonase activity, and LOOH all increased. ral administration of D-4F to monkeys with wild-type apoA-I decreased lipoprotein-LOOH, 8 increased paraoxonase activity, 4 caused the formation of pre- HDL, 4 and rendered HDL antiinflammatory. 8 Addition of D-4F to human plasma in
Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Method for the Determination of Sulforaphane and Sulforaphane Nitrile in Broccoli (1998)

Phytochemicals, especially the secondary metabolites synthesized by plants, play key roles in human nutrition, health, wellness, and disease prevention. Some phytochemicals may be harmful to human health. For example, two closely related 4-methylsulfinylbutyl glucosinolate [glucoraphanin] hydrolysis products from broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Botrytis), 1-isothiocyanato-4-(methylsulfinyl)butane (sulforaphane) and 5-(methylsulfinyl)pentanenitrile (sulforaphane nitrile), may have beneficial or deleterious effects on human health, respectively. Preliminary studies using a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) system operated under split/splitless conditions revealed that ≈80% of sulforaphane was degraded to 3-butenyl isothiocyanate. A GC/MS method was developed wherein thermal degradation of sulforaphane was reduced to 5% through the use of an appropriate injector liner and precise control of the carrier gas flow rates. The method provides a simple, rapid technique for the analysis of both sulforaphane and sulforaphane nitrile that is suitable for routine screening of plant materials. Keywords: Sulforaphane; sulforaphane nitrile; GC/MS; isothiocyanate; Brassica oleracea; broccoli
Apoptotic Cells Protect Mice against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Shock (2008)

LPS is a main causative agent of septic shock. There is a lack of effective therapies. In vitro studies have shown that uptake of apoptotic cells actively inhibits the secretion by activated macrophages (Mphi) of proinflammatory mediators such as TNF-alpha and that such uptake increases the antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive cytokine TGF-beta. We therefore investigated the protective effect of apoptotic cells against LPS-induced endotoxic shock in mice. The current report is the first study to demonstrate that administration of apoptotic cells can protect mice from LPS-induced death, even when apoptotic cells were administered 24 h after LPS challenge. The beneficial effects of administration of apoptotic cells included 1) reduced circulating proinflammatory cytokines, 2) suppression of polymorphonuclear neutrophil infiltration in target organs, and 3) decreased serum LPS levels. LPS can quickly bind to apoptotic cells and these LPS-coated apoptotic cells can be recognized and cleared by Mphi in a CD14/thrombospondin/vitronectin receptor-dependent manner, accompanied with suppression of TNF-alpha and enhancement of IL-10 expression by LPS-activated Mphi. Apoptotic cells may therefore have therapeutic potential for the treatment of septic shock.
A Fully Autonomous Indoor Quadrotor (2011)

Recently, there has been increased interest in the development of autonomous flying vehicles. However, as most of the proposed approaches are suitable for outdoor operation, only a few techniques have been designed for indoor environments, where the systems cannot rely on the Global Positioning System (GPS) and, therefore, have to use their exteroceptive sensors for navigation. In this paper, we present a general navigation system that enables a small-sized quadrotor system to autonomously operate in indoor environments. To achieve this, we systematically extend and adapt techniques that have been successfully applied on ground robots. We describe all algorithms and present a broad set of experiments, which illustrate that they enable a quadrotor robot to reliably and autonomously navigate in indoor environments.
High performance CMOS compatible bistable operation at extremely low supply voltage by a novel Si interband tunneling diode (2002)

The supply voltage of Si ULSIs must be reduced below 0.5 V, the lower limit for conventional CMOS, in order to suppress power consumption. A quantum effect device is one of the most promising candidates to overcome this problem. However, few devices have been proposed to achieve CMOS compatible bistable operation (i.e. maximum output voltage is equal to supply voltage) below 0.5 V at room temperature using Si. The purpose of this work is to realise CMOS compatible bistable operation below 0.5 V at room temperature by means of a novel interband tunneling diode using Si materials, and to demonstrate the possibilities of such a device for multistate memory.
Suppression of androgen receptor-mediated gene expression by a sequence-specific DNA-binding polyamide (2007)

Androgen receptor (AR) is essential for the growth and progression of prostate cancer in both hormone-sensitive and hormone-refractory disease. A DNA-binding polyamide that targets the consensus androgen response element binds the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) promoter androgen response element, inhibits androgen-induced expression of PSA and several other AR-regulated genes in cultured prostate cancer cells, and reduces AR occupancy at the PSA promoter and enhancer. Down-regulation of PSA by this polyamide was comparable to that produced by the synthetic antiandrogen bicalutamide (Casodex) at the same concentration. Genome-wide expression analysis reveals that a similar number of transcripts are affected by treatment with the polyamide and with bicalutamide. Direct inhibition of the AR-DNA interface by sequence-specific DNA binding small molecules could offer an alternative approach to antagonizing AR activity.
A Functional Screen for the Type III (Hrp) Secretome of the Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae (2002)

Type III secreted "effector" proteins of bacterial pathogens play central roles in virulence, yet are notoriously difficult to identify. We used an in vivo genetic screen to identify 13 effectors secreted by the type III apparatus (called Hrp, for "hypersensitive response and pathogenicity") of the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Although sharing little overall homology, the amino-terminal regions of these effectors had strikingly similar amino acid compositions. This feature facilitated the bioinformatic prediction of 38 P. syringae effectors, including 15 previously unknown proteins. The secretion of two of these putative effectors was shown to be type III--dependent. Effectors showed high interstrain variation, supporting a role for some effectors in adaptation to different hosts.
Glycosylation-induced Conformational Modification Positively Regulates Receptor-Receptor Association (2001)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a multisited and multifunctional transmembrane glycoprotein with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. Upon ligand binding, the monomeric receptor undergoes dimerization resulting in kinase activation. The consequences of kinase stimulation are the phosphorylation of its own tyrosine residues (autophosphorylation) followed by association with and activation of signal transducers. Deregulation of signaling resulting from aberrant expression of the EGFR has been implicated in a number of neoplasms including breast, brain, and skin tumors. A mutant epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor missing 267 amino acids from the exoplasmic domain is common in human glioblastomas. The truncated receptor (EGFRvIII/DeltaEGFR) lacks EGF binding activity; however, the kinase is constitutively active, and cells expressing the receptor are tumorigenic. Our studies revealed that the high kinase activity of the DeltaEGFR is due to self-dimerization, and contrary to earlier reports, the kinase activity per molecule of the dimeric DeltaEGFR is comparable to that of the EGF-stimulated wild-type receptor. Furthermore, the phosphorylation patterns of both receptors are similar as determined by interaction with a conformation-specific antibody and by phosphopeptide analysis. This eliminates the possibility that the defective down-regulation of the DeltaEGFR is due to its altered phosphorylation pattern as has been suggested previously. Interestingly, the receptor-receptor self-association is highly dependent on a conformation induced by N-linked glycosylation. We have identified four potential sites that might participate in self-dimerization; these sites are located in a domain that plays an important role in EGFR functioning.
An avian serum .alpha.1-glycoprotein, hemopexin, differing significantly in both amino acid and carbohydrate composition from mammalian (.beta.-glycoprotein) counterparts (1986)

We report here on physicochemical characteristics of chicken hemopexin, which can be isolated by heme-agarose affinity chromatography [Tsutsui, K., & Mueller, G. C. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 3925-3931], in comparison with representative mammalian hemopexins of rat, rabbit, and human. The avian polypeptide chain appears to be slightly longer (52 kDa) than the human, rat, or rabbit forms (49 kDa), and also the glycoprotein differs from the mammalian hemopexins in being an alpha 1-glycoprotein instead of a beta 1-glycoprotein. This distinct electrophoretic mobility probably arises from significant differences in the amino acid composition of the chicken form, which, although lower in serine and particularly in lysine, has a much higher glutamine/glutamate and arginine content, and also a higher proline, glycine, and histidine content, than the mammalian hemopexins. Compositional analyses and 125I concanavalin A and 125I wheat germ agglutinin binding suggest that chicken hemopexin has a mixture of three fucose-free N-linked bi- and triantennary oligosaccharides. In contrast, human hemopexin has five N-linked oligosaccharides and an additional O-linked glycan blocking the N-terminal threonine residue [Takahashi, N., Takahashi, Y., & Putnam, F. W. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81, 2021-2025], while the rabbit form has four N-linked oligosaccharides [Morgan, W. T., & Smith, A. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 12001-12006]. In keeping with the finding of a simpler carbohydrate structure, the avian hemopexin exhibits only a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under both nondenaturing and denaturing conditions, whereas the hemopexins of the three mammalian species tested show several bands.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Phenolic Profiles and Antioxidant Properties of Apple Skin Extracts (2009)

Lipid oxidation, especially the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, is a significant issue in the food industry impacting both food quality and health of consumers. Apple skin was investigated as a source of natural antioxidants. The phenolic compound composition and antioxidant properties of 21 selected apple genotypes were evaluated. The lipid stabilizing ability of the apple skin extracts was examined using an aqueous emulsion system of methyl linolenate. The total phenolic concentrations determined by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry of methanolic extracts of skins of the apple genotypes varied from 150 to 700 mg/100 g DW. The antioxidant capacity measured by Folin-Ciocalteu (16.2 to 34.1 mg GAE/100 g DW), ferric reducing antioxidant power (1.3 to 3.3 g TE/100 g DW), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (5.2 to 14.2 g TE/100 g DW), and percent inhibition of oxidation of methyl linolenate (73.8% to 97.2%) varied among the apple genotypes. The apple skin extracts, specifically the crab apple varieties such as "Dolgo," were revealed to be effective inhibitors of oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid in a model system and thus can be considered as a potential source of natural food antioxidants.
Neuromechanical control of upper airway patency during sleep (2006)

Obstructive sleep apnea is caused by pharyngeal occlusion due to alterations in upper airway mechanical properties and/or disturbances in neuromuscular control. The objective of the study was to determine the relative contribution of mechanical loads and dynamic neuromuscular responses to pharyngeal collapse during sleep. Sixteen obstructive sleep apnea patients and sixteen normal subjects were matched on age, sex, and body mass index. Pharyngeal collapsibility, defined by the critical pressure, was measured during sleep. The critical pressure was partitioned between its passive mechanical properties (passive critical pressure) and active dynamic responses to upper airway obstruction (active critical pressure). Compared with normal subjects, sleep apnea patients demonstrated elevated mechanical loads as demonstrated by higher passive critical pressures [-0.05 (SD 2.4) vs. -4.5 cmH2O (SD 3.0), P = 0.0003]. Dynamic responses were depressed in sleep apnea patients, as suggested by failure to lower their active critical pressures [-1.6 (SD 3.5) vs. -11.1 cmH2O (SD 5.3), P < 0.0001] in response to upper airway obstruction. Moreover, elevated mechanical loads placed some normal individuals at risk for sleep apnea. In this subset, dynamic responses to upper airway obstruction compensated for mechanical loads and maintained airway patency by lowering the active critical pressure. The present study suggests that increased mechanical loads and blunted neuromuscular responses are both required for the development of obstructive sleep apnea.
Synthesis of new organic-inorganic hybrid glasses (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of new organic-inorganic hybrid glassesYen Wei, R. Bakthavatchalam, and Charles K. WhitecarCite this: Chem. Mater. 1990, 2, 4, 337–339Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00010a001https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00010a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views495Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Therapeutic Application of Hyperthermia in the Bladder (1975)

Experience with 10 cases of hyperthermic irrigation of the bladder suggests that irrigation with saline at 80 degrees C for 10 to 15 min will stop bleeding and destroy epithelium and muscle layers without causing visceral injury or systemic disturbance. It may be preferable to cystectomy in certain poor-risk patients, or in those who refuse cystectomy for fear of impotence.
Investigation of the Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties of Alkoxy-Substituted Arylene−Ethynylene/Arylene−Vinylene Hybrid Polymers (2003)

High-molecular-weight, soluble and thermostable alkoxy-substituted arylene−ethynylene/arylene−vinylene conjugated polymers, 13 and 14, have been successfully synthesized through the Horner−Wadsworth−Emmons olefination of luminophoric dialdehydes 7 and 9 and bisphosphonate 12 in very good yields. They were characterized through 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, and elemental analysis. The investigation of their photophysical and electrochemical properties has been carried out. Although almost identical absorption and emission spectra were obtained in dilute chloroform solution for all polymers 13, the full width at half-maximum (fwhm) value of the emission curves depends on the length of the attached side chains. The presence of anthracenylene units in 14 leads to a red shift of its absorption and emission spectra relative to 13. Strong self-reabsorption after excitation in solution was observed for this polymer. The solid-state photophysical properties of 13 and 14 (photoconductivity, absorption and emission spectra, fluorescence quantum yield, Stokes shift, and fwhm) greatly depend on the nature (linear or branched), length, and location of the grafted alkoxy side groups. Photoconductivity is easily detected in polymers having octadecyloxy chains (13aa, 13ab, 14). Long linear (octadecyl, i.e., 13aa) or short branched (2-ethylhexyl, i.e., 13cc) side chains at position R2 (phenylene−vinylene segment) are necessary to obtain sharp and well-resolved emission spectra accompanied by high fluorescence quantum yields. The quasi-donor (phenylene−vinylene segment)−acceptor (arylene−ethynylene segment) nature of these polymers could explain the great discrepancy between the electrochemical band gap energy, Egec ≈ 1.60 eV, as obtained from the onset values of the redox potentials in cyclic voltammetry and in differential pulse polarography measurements, and the optical band gap energy, Egopt ≈ 2.30 eV, from the absorption spectra.
The t(8;21) Fusion Protein Interferes with AML-1B-Dependent Transcriptional Activation (1995)

The AML-1/CBF beta transcription factor complex is targeted by both the t(8;21) and the inv(16) chromosomal alterations, which are frequently observed in acute myelogenous leukemia. AML-1 is a site-specific DNA-binding protein that recognizes the enhancer core motif TGTGGT. The t(8;21) translocation fuses the first 177 amino acids of AML-1 to MTG8 (also known as ETO), generating a chimeric protein that retains the DNA-binding domain of AML-1. Analysis of endogenous AML-1 DNA-binding complexes suggested the presence of at least two AML-1 isoforms. Accordingly, we screened a human B-cell cDNA library and isolated a larger, potentially alternatively spliced, form of AML1, termed AML1B. AML-1B is a protein of 53 kDa that binds to a consensus AML-1-binding site and complexes with CBF beta. Subcellular fractionation experiments demonstrated that both AML-1 and AML-1/ETO are efficiently extracted from the nucleus under ionic conditions but that AML-1B is localized to a salt-resistant nuclear compartment. Analysis of the transcriptional activities of AML-1, AML-1B, and AML-1/ETO demonstrated that only AML-1B activates transcription from the T-cell receptor beta enhancer. Mixing experiments indicated that AML-1/ETO can efficiently block AML-1B-dependent transcriptional activation, suggesting that the t(8;21) translocation creates a dominant interfering protein.