gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Myeloid suppressor cell‐associated immune dysfunction in CSA1M fibrosarcoma tumor‐bearing mice (2007)

CSA1M tumor-bearing mice exhibited a severe immune dysfunction but the underlying mechanism remained unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that the myeloid suppressor cell (Mac-1(+)Gr-1(+) cells)-(MSC) related T cell immunosuppression in this tumor-bearing model. In mice at the late stage of CSA1M tumor-bearing (Late TB [8-10 weeks after cell inoculation in male BALB/c mice]), the percentages for CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells decreased but Mac-1(+) cells increased in spleens with severe splenomegaly. There was no deficit for concanavalin A-induced CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell proliferation, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin (IL)-4 production, but delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction were attenuated. Analysis of cytokine production in unfractionated spleen cells showed a significant reduction of IFN-gamma and a marked increase of IL-10 and IL-4. In Late-TB mice, splenic MSC number intensively accumulated; the mRNA expressions of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1), and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) were enhanced in MSC; the nitric oxide production and arginase enzyme activity increased in MSC as well. Furthermore, the concanavalin A-induced T cell proliferation was inhibited in the presence of lipopolysaccharide- or IFN-gamma-activated MSC from Late-TB mice, which could be reversed by the iNOS specific inhibitor L-NMMA. iNOS seemed to be required more than arginase for the suppressive activity of MSC. Taken together, our results suggest that the immune dysfunction in tumor-bearing mice might be causally associated with the accumulation of MSC and its tumor-favoring property.
PiggyBac Transposon-mediated Gene Transfer in Human Cells (2006)

Transposons are mobile genetic elements that can be used to integrate transgenes into host cell genomes. The piggyBac transposon system has been used for transgenesis of insects and for germline mutagenesis in mice. We compared transposition activity of piggyBac with Sleeping Beauty (SB), a widely used transposon system for preclinical gene therapy studies. An engineered piggyBac transposon with minimal length 5' and 3' terminal repeats exhibited greater transposition activity in transfected cultured human cells than a well-characterized hyperactive SB system. PiggyBac excision was very precise as evidenced by the typical absence of "footprint" mutations at the site of transposon excision. We mapped 575 piggyBac integration sites in human cells to determine site selectivity of genomic integration. PiggyBac demonstrated non-random integration site selectivity that differed from that previously reported for SB, including a higher preference for integrations in regions surrounding transcriptional start sites and within long terminal repeat elements. Importantly, overproduction inhibition was not observed with piggyBac, a major limitation of the SB system. This permitted the generation of combination "helper-independent" piggyBac transposase-transposon vectors that exhibited a 2-fold increase of transposition activity in human cells as compared with cells transfected with separate transposon and transposase plasmids. We conclude that piggyBac is a transposon system with certain properties, including high efficiency and lack of overproduction inhibition that are advantageous in preclinical development of transposon-based gene therapy.
Effects of dietary supplementation of N-acetylcysteine on cigarette smoke-related DNA adducts in rat tissues (1997)

Cigarette smoking plays a major role in the etiology of several human cancers. It is believed that formation of DNA adducts is an initial step in the carcinogenic process. In this study, we have examined the ability of dietary N-acetylcysteine (NAG) to inhibit the formation of cigarette smoke-related DNA adducts in various tissues of rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to cigarette smoke (10 mg TPM/m(3)) in a whole-body exposure chamber for 6 h per day, seven days a week for four weeks. The smoke-exposed groups were provided either an unrefined diet or diets supplemented with low (5,000 ppm) or high (20,000 ppm) dose of NAG. A sham group was given control diet and maintained on filtered ambient air. Tissue DNA analysis of smoke-exposed rats by nuclease P1-version of the P-32-postlabeling assay showed up to 6 adducts in the following descending order expressed as total adducts/10(10) nucleotides: 1 predominant (no. 5) and 4 (no. 1-no. 4) minor adducts in the (219 +/- 36), 6 minor adducts in the heart (93 +/- 11), 5 adducts in the trachea (50 +/- 16), and 4 adducts in the bladder (50 +/- 3.5); sham-treated animals showed 2 or 3 adducts in each tissue but at 4-20-fold lower levels. Dietary intervention with either high or low dose of NAC did not affect the levels of most adducts, except for the following: a 30-40% increase (P<0.05) for adducts 3 and 4 in the lung; a 40-50% decrease (P<0.05) for adduct 2 in the trachea; and a 30% increase (P<0.05) for adduct 2 in the bladder. In a second experiment conducted under identical conditions, most major and minor adducts remained unaffected with NAC intervention, except for adduct 2 in the trachea which was somewhat diminished. These results suggest that dietary NAC intervention does not significantly influence the levels of most major and minor adducts. However, some minor adducts in the lung, trachea and bladder were modulated differentially.
Breast carcinoma survival in Europe and the United States (2004)

Transatlantic differences in the 5-year survival rates for women diagnosed with breast carcinoma between 1990 and 1992 were attributable mainly to differences in stage of disease. Resources should be invested to achieve earlier diagnosis of breast carcinoma in Europe, especially for elderly women.
Fabrication of Large-Area Patterned Nanostructures for Optical Applications by Nanoskiving (2007)

Cost-effective and convenient methods for fabrication of patterned metallic nanostructures over the large (mm2) areas required for applications in photonics are much needed. In this paper, we demonstrate the fabrication of arrays of closed and open, loop-shaped nanostructures by a technique (nanoskiving) that combines thin-film deposition by metal evaporation with thin-film sectioning. These arrays of metallic structures serve as frequency-selective surfaces at mid-infrared wavelengths. Experiments with structures prepared using this technique demonstrate that a closed-looped structure has a single dominant resonance regardless of the polarization of the incident light, while open structures have resonances that are anisotropic with respect to the polarization of the electric field. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations reproduce the scattering spectra of these frequency-selective surfaces, provide an explanation of the wavelength of the experimentally observed resonances, and rationalize their polarization dependence based on the patterns of current induced in the nanostructures.
H.264/MPEG4-AVC fidelity range extensions: tools, profiles, performance, and application areas (2005)

The technical work on the first amendment of the H.264/MPEG4-AVC video coding standard has recently been completed. In these so-called fidelity range extensions (FRExt) a set of new coding tools is specified which is primarily targeted at providing significant improvements in coding efficiency for higher-fidelity video material. This paper presents an overview of the corresponding methods, briefly discusses some important aspects regarding profiles and applications, and finally provides experimental results for a performance comparison with existing coding technology.
Treatment of early recurrent prostate cancer with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) (1998)

This pilot study provides preliminary evidence that calcitriol effectively slows the rate of PSA rise in select cases, although dose dependent calciuric side effects limit its clinical usefulness. The development of calcitriol analogues with decreased calcemic side effects is promising, since such analogues may be even more effective for treating prostate cancer.
Transcriptional activity of the human thymidine kinase gene determined by a method using the polymerase chain reaction and an intron-specific probe. (1989)

We have used the technique of reverse transcription coupled to the polymerase chain reaction to detect mRNA precursors [heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA)] transcribed from the thymidine kinase (TK) gene of human diploid fibroblasts. With this method, the amplification products of both hnRNA (containing the introns) and mature mRNA can be detected on Southern blots with appropriate hybridization probes. With the experimental conditions used, the sensitivity of the technique is such that TK mRNA can be detected in as few as 20 S-phase cells. TK hnRNA is maximally expressed early in the S phase of the cell cycle after quiescent human fibroblasts are stimulated to proliferate. At this point, the ratio of TK hnRNA to TK mRNA is 1:155. A small amount of TK hnRNA can be detected in populations of cells that appear to be quiescent. However, the presence of the precursor in these populations correlates with the number of cells still cycling. No TK hnRNA can be detected in truly quiescent human diploid fibroblasts, suggesting that in these cells, the TK gene is not transcribed in G0.
Chest Radiographic Diagnosis of a Large Gas-Forming Pyogenic Liver Abscess (2010)

1 A 75-year-old man walked into the emergency department complaining of having had progressive general malaise for 3 weeks, and a low-grade fever for one week. The patient had type 2 diabetes mellitus which had not been controlled for 10 years. On physical examination, the patient appeared mildly distressed and was tachycardic, but afebrile. His abdomen was soft and non-tender with normal active bowel sounds. Laboratory evaluation showed leukocytosis, with a white-cell count of 14,900/ uL and 91% segmented neutrophils; anemia with hemoglobin levels of 9.2 g/dL, and elevated liver function with a GPT of 97 IU/L. An upright chest radiograph was reported as unremarkable by a radiologist, but a right subdiaphragmatic air-content cavity with an air-fluid level was found (Panel A, arrow) after a hepatic abscess was suspected and the x-ray carefully reviewed. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen confirmed the presence of hepatic abscesses (Panel B, arrow). Blood culture revealed Klebsiella pneumoniae. The patient received intravenous antibiotics with CT-guide drainage of hepatic abscesses, and he was discharged uneventfully after a 34-day hospitalization.
EGFR-dependent phosphorylation of leucine-rich repeat kinase LRRK1 is important for proper endosomal trafficking of EGFR (2012)

Ligand-induced activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) initiates trafficking events that relocalize the receptors from the cell surface to intracellular endocytic compartments. We recently reported that leucine-rich repeat kinase 1 (LRRK1) is involved in the trafficking of EGFR from early to late endosomes. In this study, we demonstrate that EGFR regulates the kinase activity of LRRK1 via tyrosine phosphorylation and that this is required for proper endosomal trafficking of EGFR. Phosphorylation of LRRK1 at Tyr-944 results in reduced LRRK1 kinase activity. Mutation of LRRK1 Tyr-944 (Y944F) abolishes EGF-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation, resulting in hyperactivation of LRRK1 kinase activity and enhanced motility of EGF-containing endosomes toward the perinuclear region. The compartments in which EGFR accumulates are mixed endosomes and are defective in the proper formation of intraluminal vesicles of multivesicular bodies. These results suggest that feedback down-regulation of LRRK1 kinase activity by EGFR plays an important role in the appropriate endosomal trafficking of EGFR.
Maneuverability of an UAV with Coanda effect based lift production (2012)

Poster by N.Mirkov and B. Rasuo, presented at 28th International Congress of Aeronautical Sciences - ICAS 2012, held in Brisabane, Australia. The poster descibes methodology for maneuvarability study of a disk shaped unmanned aerial vehicle, reminescent of UFO's, that uses Coanda effect to produce lift force.
Recent development of mimo antennas and their evaluation for small mobile terminals (2008)

This paper discusses the antenna configurations in small mobile terminals for MIMO (multiple-in-multiple-out) systems. It is very challenging to fit several antennas with low correlation, high efficiency and adequate bandwidth, as required in MIMO communications systems, into such devices, whose length is typically about 100 mm. Moreover, in the future MIMO techniques may be utilised at several frequency ranges starting probably from as low as 500 MHz like in UHF handheld TV receivers and ranging to over 5 GHz like in multiband OFDM based UWB systems. The paper presents some visions how all these antenna configurations might be realized in the very limited space available in the mobile terminal. As in such cases the performance of the antennas is far from ideal, it is also very important to be able to estimate the behaviour of the antenna configurations in realistic usage conditions already at the design phase of the antennas and systems. In this paper we describe the Measurement Based Antenna Test-bed (MEBAT) for the evaluation of mobile terminal antennas for MIMO systems. The method combines data from a measured directional channel library and the radiation patterns of antennas under test. The patterns can be either simulated or measured e.g. with the Rapid Antenna Measurement System (RAMS). The RAMS system enables to define the radiation properties of mobile terminal antenna systems in very short time also in the case, when a real test person is used in the measurement. Examples of performance evaluations with the MEBAT system are given for realistic MIMO antenna configurations for mobile terminals.
Virtual to Real Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Driving (2017)

Reinforcement learning is considered as a promising direction for driving policy learning. However, training autonomous driving vehicle with reinforcement learning in real environment involves non-affordable trial-and-error. It is more desirable to first train in a virtual environment and then transfer to the real environment. In this paper, we propose a novel realistic translation network to make model trained in virtual environment be workable in real world. The proposed network can convert non-realistic virtual image input into a realistic one with similar scene structure. Given realistic frames as input, driving policy trained by reinforcement learning can nicely adapt to real world driving. Experiments show that our proposed virtual to real (VR) reinforcement learning (RL) works pretty well. To our knowledge, this is the first successful case of driving policy trained by reinforcement learning that can adapt to real world driving data.
Reduction of the Threshold Voltages of Nematic Liquid Crystal Electrooptical Devices by Doping Inorganic Nanoparticles (2007)

We report the reduction of threshold voltage, Vth, of twisted nematic liquid crystal devices by doping the nanoparticles of MgO and SiO2. The results are well explained by inserting the experimentally determined values of elastic constants and dielectric anisotropy in the formula Vth = π√Keff/ε0Δε, where both of these quantities decrease due to the existence of these nanoparticles. The Vth decrease approximately as √S, where S being the order parameter. The S is also shown to decrease by doping nanoparticles.
Synthesis and Reaction of Tributylstannylpyrazoles (1992)

1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition reaction of diazomethane and ethyl diazoacetate with tributylstannyl-acetylenes occurred regioselectively to afford the corresponding 3(5)-tributylstannylpyrazoles. The cycloaddition reaction of 3-phenylsydnone with the stannylacetylenes proceeded also regioselectively, and 3-tributylstannyl-1-phenylpyrazoles were isolated. 4-Tributylstannyl- and 5-tributylstannyl-1-phenylpyrazole were prepared by the stannylation of 4-lithio- and 5-lithio-1-phenylpyrazoles with tributylstannyl chloride. Iodination, benzoylation, and phenylation of the stannylpyrazoles were examined
A multi-rate DPSK modem for free-space laser communications (2014)

The multi-rate DPSK format, which enables efficient free-space laser communications over a wide range of data rates, is finding applications in NASA’s Laser Communications Relay Demonstration. We discuss the design and testing of an efficient and robust multi-rate DPSK modem, including aspects of the electrical, mechanical, thermal, and optical design. The modem includes an optically preamplified receiver, an 0.5-W average power transmitter, a LEON3 rad-hard microcontroller that provides the command and telemetry interface and supervisory control, and a Xilinx Virtex-5 radhard reprogrammable FPGA that both supports the high-speed data flow to and from the modem and controls the modem’s analog and digital subsystems. For additional flexibility, the transmitter and receiver can be configured to support operation with multi-rate PPM waveforms.
Arabidopsis WRKY33 transcription factor is required for resistance to necrotrophic fungal pathogens (2006)

Plant WRKY transcription factors are key regulatory components of plant responses to microbial infection. In addition to regulating the expression of defense-related genes, WRKY transcription factors have also been shown to regulate cross-talk between jasmonate- and salicylate-regulated disease response pathways. The two pathways mediate resistance against different types of microbial pathogens, and there are numerous reports of antagonistic interactions between them. Here we show that mutations of the Arabidopsis WRKY33 gene encoding a WRKY transcription factor cause enhanced susceptibility to the necrotrophic fungal pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria brassicicola concomitant with reduced expression of the jasmonate-regulated plant defensin PDF1.2 gene. Ectopic over-expression of WRKY33, on the other hand, increases resistance to the two necrotrophic fungal pathogens. The wrky33 mutants do not show altered responses to a virulent strain of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, although the ectopic expression of WRKY33 results in enhanced susceptibility to this pathogen. The susceptibility of WRKY33-over-expressing plants to P. syringae is associated with reduced expression of the salicylate-regulated PR-1 gene. The WRKY33 transcript is induced in response to pathogen infection, or treatment with salicylate or the paraquat herbicide that generates activated oxygen species in exposed cells. WRKY33 is localized to the nucleus of plant cells and recognizes DNA molecules containing the TTGACC W-box sequence. Together, these results indicate that pathogen-induced WRKY33 is an important transcription factor that regulates the antagonistic relationship between defense pathways mediating responses to P. syringae and necrotrophic pathogens.
Attenuation of MPTP‐induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity by TV3326, a cholinesterase‐monoamine oxidase inhibitor (2003)

(R)-[(N-propargyl-(3R) aminoindan-5-yl) ethyl methyl carbamate] (TV3326) is a novel cholinesterase and brain-selective monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A/-B inhibitor. It was developed for the treatment of dementia co-morbid with extra pyramidal disorders (parkinsonism), and depression. On chronic treatment in mice it attenuated striatal dopamine depletion induced by MPTP and prevented the reduction in striatal tyrosine hydroxylase activity, like selective B and non-selective MAO inhibitors. TV3326 preferentially inhibits MAO-B in the striatum and hippocampus, and the degree of MAO-B inhibition correlates with the prevention of MPTP-induced dopamine depletion. Complete inhibition of MAO-B is not necessary for full protection from MPTP neurotoxicity. Unlike that seen after treatment with other MAO-A and -B inhibitors, recovery of striatal and hippocampal MAO-A and -B activities from inhibition by TV3326 did not show first-order kinetics. This has been attributed to the generation of a number of metabolites by TV3326 that cause differential inhibition of these enzymes. Inhibition of brain MAO-A and -B by TV3326 resulted in significant elevations of dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin in the striatum and hippocampus. This may explain its antidepressant-like activity, resembling that of moclobemide in the forced-swim test in rats.
The removal of leukocytes and platelets from whole blood. (1976)

Various methods for the removal of leukocytes from whole blood have been compared and a new technique has been devised. This procedure consists of passing whole blood through a bed composed of microcrystalline cellulose and alpha-cellulose. The method is rapid, reliable, removes over 99.75 per cent of the leukocytes from blood, and does not seem selectively to retain reticulocytes or to release a significant proportion of leukocyte enzymes. Most of the platelets are also removed from anticoagulated blood, and platelet-free red cells can be obtained by passing defibrinated blood over the microcrystalline cellulose-alpha-cellulose bed.
Polycistronic Lentiviral Vector for “Hit and Run” Reprogramming of Adult Skin Fibroblasts to Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2009)

We report the derivation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from adult skin fibroblasts using a single, polycistronic lentiviral vector encoding the reprogramming factors Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4. Porcine teschovirus-1 2A sequences that trigger ribosome skipping were inserted between human cDNAs for these factors, and the polycistron was subcloned downstream of the elongation factor 1 alpha promoter in a self-inactivating (SIN) lentiviral vector containing a loxP site in the truncated 3' long terminal repeat (LTR). Adult skin fibroblasts from a humanized mouse model of sickle cell disease were transduced with this single lentiviral vector, and iPS cell colonies were picked within 30 days. These cells expressed endogenous Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, alkaline phosphatase, stage-specific embryonic antigen-1, and other markers of pluripotency. The iPS cells produced teratomas containing tissue derived from all three germ layers after injection into immunocompromised mice and formed high-level chimeras after injection into murine blastocysts. iPS cell lines with as few as three lentiviral insertions were obtained. Expression of Cre recombinase in these iPS cells resulted in deletion of the lentiviral vector, and sequencing of insertion sites demonstrated that remnant 291-bp SIN LTRs containing a single loxP site did not interrupt coding sequences, promoters, or known regulatory elements. These results suggest that a single, polycistronic "hit and run" vector can safely and effectively reprogram adult dermal fibroblasts into iPS cells.