gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Salivary Film Expresses a Complex, Macromolecular Binding Site for Streptococcus sanguis (2000)

Teeth in the oral cavity are coated with a salivary film or pellicle, which lacks apparent intermolecular organization. This heterogeneous film facilitates binding of early commensal colonizing bacteria, including Streptococcus sanguis. To test the hypothesis that sufficient intermolecular organization exists in salivary films to form binding sites for S. sanguis, an in vitro model of saliva-coated teeth was probed with murine anti-idiotypical monoclonal antibodies (mAb2, anti-ids). The anti-ids were harvested from hybridomas that were developed in response to first generation murine hybridomas that produced anti-S. sanguis adhesin monoclonal antibodies (mAb1). The anti-ids (i) reacted with experimental salivary films and inhibited S. sanguis adhesion in a dose-dependent fashion. In Western blots, the anti-ids (ii) recognized a high molecular weight salivary antigen and (iii) secretory IgA (sIgA) light chain and alpha-amylase. After isolation by gel filtration from whole saliva or mixed secretory IgA and alpha-amylase, the high molecular weight component, containing amylase activity and sIgA, bound to hydroxyapatite to promote adhesion of S. sanguis. Therefore, a complex enriched in secretory immunoglobulin A and alpha-amylase forms a S. sanguis-binding site.
Current-Based Mechanical Fault Detection for Direct-Drive Wind Turbines via Synchronous Sampling and Impulse Detection (2014)

Online fault detection is an effective means to improve wind turbine reliability and performance and reduce wind turbine downtime and operating and maintenance costs. Current-based wind turbine fault detection techniques have received more and more attention in academia and industry due to their nonintrusive character and economic advantages. This paper presents a novel computationally efficient high-resolution wideband synchronous sampling algorithm for the mechanical fault detection of variable-speed direct-drive wind turbines (i.e., no gearbox) only using nonstationary generator stator current measurements. The proposed algorithm synchronously resamples the current signals such that the varying characteristic frequencies of the excitations generated by wind turbine faults in the current signals become constant values. An impulse detection algorithm is then proposed to detect the faults by identifying the excitations from the frequency spectra of the synchronously sampled stator current signals. Experimental studies are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms for the detection of rotor eccentricity and bearing faults of a direct-drive wind turbine operating in variable-speed conditions.
Concentration and Mean Degree of Polymerization of Rubus Ellagitannins Evaluated by Optimized Acid Methanolysis (2006)

Ellagitannins are a major class of phenolics largely responsible for the astringent and antioxidant properties of raspberries and blackberries. The Rubus ellagitannins constitute a complex mixture of monomeric and oligomeric tannins. Rubus oligomeric ellagitannins contain, beside the well-known ellagic acid and gallic acid moieties, the sanguisorboyl linking ester group. When exposed to acids or bases, ester bonds are hydrolyzed and the hexahydroxydiphenic acid spontaneously cyclizes into ellagic acid. This study describes a new, rapid procedure for the acid hydrolysis of Rubus ellagitannins in methanol, which results in maximal yield and enables the quantification of all the major reaction products. Additionally, the method provides the rationale for estimating the mean degree of polymerization of Rubus ellagitannins.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of paracetamol and ketoprofren lysine salt for pain control in children with pharyngotonsillitis cared by family pediatricians (2011)

A single oral dose of paracetamol or ketoprofen lysine salt are safe and effective analgesic treatments for children with sore throat in daily pediatric ambulatory care.
Cholesteric Phase in Virus Suspensions (2000)

We report measurements of the cholesteric pitch and twist elastic constant (K22) in monodisperse suspensions of the rodlike virus filamentous bacteriophage fd. Measurements were taken for concentrations spanning the entire cholesteric region at several ionic strengths and temperatures. In the limit of high ionic strength the cholesteric pitch (P0) scales with concentration (c) as P0 ∝ c-1.66. As the ionic strength decreases, the scaling exponent systematically changes to lower values.
Electrokinetic micropump and micromixer design based on ac faradaic polarization (2004)

A microfluidic pump and mixer design based on ac faradaic polarization is proposed. Unlike ac electrokinetic devices based on capacitive charging of the electrodes, the design yields a net electro-osmotic flow for high-conductivity electrolytes at high voltages and frequencies without producing gas bubbles or generating pH gradients. The average velocity, which can be more than an order of magnitude higher than that generated by the capacitive mechanism, has an exponential dependence on the voltage and increases monotonically at low frequencies. Vortices and net flows with linear velocities in excess of 1mm∕s are generated with orthogonal microfabricated planar electrodes based on the unique flow and polarization features of this new ac charging mechanism.
LXXIV.—A new synthesis of 4(or 5-)-β-aminoethylglyoxaline, one of the active principles of ergot (1911)

F. L. Pyman, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1911, 99, 668 DOI: 10.1039/CT9119900668
Wide color gamut LCD with a quantum dot backlight (2013)

We analyze the color performance and system efficiency of three commonly employed liquid crystal display modes with a blue LED-pumped red and green quantum dots (QDs) backlight. Based on the measured QD emission spectra, we can achieve 115% color gamut in CIE 1931 and 140% in CIE 1976 color space, while keeping the same energy efficiency as conventional backlights. Next, we apply multi-objective optimization method to refine the QD emission spectra and find a fundamental tradeoff between display system efficiency and color gamut. This systematic photometric analysis also provides useful guidelines for further optimizing QD backlight design and display system efficiency.
Efficient Synthesis of Benzofurans Utilizing [3,3]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement Triggered by N‐Trifluoroacetylation of Oxime Ethers: Short Synthesis of Natural 2‐Arylbenzofurans (2007)

Abstract A new synthetic method for the preparation of benzofurans has been developed. The key step of this method is the [3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement of N ‐trifluoroacetyl‐ene‐hydroxylamines, which was triggered by acylation of oxime ethers. TFAA has been proved to be the best reagent to induce [3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement for the synthesis of cyclic oracyclic dihydrobenzofurans. On the other hand, the TFAT‐DMAP system is found to be the most effective for constructing various benzofurans. Synthetic utility of this reaction is demonstrated by the short synthesis of natural benzofurans without protection of the hydroxy group. The synthesis of Stemofuran A was accomplished via condensation of ketones with aryloxyamine and subsequent reaction with TFAT‐DMAP in a four‐step synthesis with 72 % overall yield. Similarly, Eupomatenoid 6 and Coumestan were synthesized through the reaction of oxime ether with TFAT‐DMAP. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Practical and Robust Identification of Molecular Subtypes in Colorectal Cancer by Immunohistochemistry (2016)

This study shows that a practical and robust immunohistochemical assay can be employed to identify molecular colorectal cancer subtypes and uncover subtype-specific therapeutic benefit. Finally, the described tool is available online for rapid classification of colorectal cancer samples, both in the format of an automated image analysis pipeline to score tumor core staining, and as a classifier based on semiquantitative pathology scoring. Clin Cancer Res; 23(2); 387-98. ©2016 AACR.
Signals for stress erythropoiesis are integrated via an erythropoietin receptor-phosphotyrosine-343-Stat5 axis (2006)

Anemia due to chronic disease or chemotherapy often is ameliorated by erythropoietin (Epo). Present studies reveal that, unlike steady-state erythropoiesis, erythropoiesis during anemia depends sharply on an Epo receptor-phosphotyrosine-343-Stat5 signaling axis. In mice expressing a phosphotyrosine-null (PY-null) Epo receptor allele (EpoR-HM), severe and persistent anemia was induced by hemolysis or 5-fluorouracil. In short-term transplantation experiments, donor EpoR-HM bone marrow cells also failed to efficiently repopulate the erythroid compartment. In each context, stress erythropoiesis was rescued to WT levels upon the selective restoration of an EpoR PY343 Stat5-binding site (EpoR-H allele). As studied using a unique primary culture system, EpoR-HM erythroblasts exhibited marked stage-specific losses in Epo-dependent growth and survival. EpoR-H PY343 signals restored efficient erythroblast expansion, and the selective Epo induction of the Stat5 target genes proviral integration site-1 (Pim-1) and oncostatin-M. Bcl2-like 1 (Bcl-x), in contrast, was not significantly induced via WT-EpoR, EpoR-HM, or EpoR-H alleles. In Kit+ CD71+ erythroblasts, EpoR-PY343 signals furthermore enhanced SCF growth effects, and SCF modulation of Pim-1 kinase and oncostatin-M expression. In maturing Kit- CD71+ erythroblasts, oncostatin-M exerted antiapoptotic effects that likewise depended on EpoR PY343-mediated events. Stress erythropoiesis, therefore, requires stage-specific EpoR-PY343-Stat5 signals, some of which selectively bolster SCF and oncostatin-M action.
C-C Chemokine Receptor 5 on Stromal Cells Promotes Pulmonary Metastasis (2005)

We have shown that mice that express the C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) have enhanced local tumor growth and an impaired response to vaccine therapy compared with CCR5 knockout (CCR5(-/-)) mice. Here, we extend these observations to evaluate the function of CCR5 in pulmonary metastasis and the mechanism underlying the diminished tumor growth in CCR5(-/-) mice. Lung metastases were counted in wild-type (WT) and CCR5(-/-) mice following the injection of 1 x 10(6) B16-F10 melanoma cells. These results were compared with those from syngeneic bone marrow chimeric mice formed by the transfer of WT bone marrow into irradiated CCR5(-/-) and CCR5(-/-) marrow into irradiated WT mice. Intact CCR5(-/-) mice developed fewer metastases than WT mice (40.2 versus 70.6; P < 0.05). Bone marrow chimeras formed by the transfer of WT bone marrow into CCR5(-/-) hosts had fewer metastases than WT hosts injected with knockout marrow (46.6 versus 98.6; P < 0.01). Adoptive transfer of CCR5-expressing leukocytes also failed to promote metastasis in CCR5(-/-) mice. However, the i.v. transfer of WT pulmonary stromal cells into CCR5(-/-) mice increased the number of metastases compared with transfer of CCR5(-/-) stromal cells (102.8 versus 26.0; P < 0.05). These results show for the first time that CCR5 expression on stromal and not hematopoietic cells contributes to tumor metastasis. Therefore, recently developed CCR5 inhibitors may have a novel benefit in cancer therapy.
Thermal conductivity modeling of periodic two-dimensional nanocomposites (2004)

In this paper, the phonon Boltzmann equation model is established to study the phonon thermal conductivity of nanocomposites with nanowires embedded in a host semiconductor material. Special attention has been paid to cell--cell interaction using periodic boundary conditions. The simulation shows that the temperature profiles in nanocomposites are very different from those in conventional composites due to ballistic phonon transport at nanoscale. Such temperature profiles cannot be captured by existing models in literature. The general approach is applied to study silicon wire/germanium matrix nanocomposites. We predict the thermal conductivity dependence on the size of the nanowires and the volumetric fraction of the constituent materials. At constant volumetric fraction the smaller the wire diameter, the smaller is the thermal conductivity of periodic two-dimensional nanocomposites. For fixed silicon wire dimension, the lower the atomic percentage of germanium, the lower the thermal conductivity of the nanocomposites. Comparison is also made with the thermal conductivity of superlattices. The results of this study can be used to direct the development of high efficiency thermoelectric materials.
Solution Structure and Dynamics of Ras p21.cntdot.GDP Determined by Heteronuclear Three- and Four-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy (1994)

A high-resolution solution structure of the GDP form of a truncated version of the ras p21 protein (residues 1-166) has been determined using NMR spectroscopy. Ras p21 is the product of the human ras protooncogene and a member of a ubiquitous eukaryotic gene family which is highly conserved in evolution. A virtually complete assignment (13C, 15N, and 1H), including stereospecific assignments of 54 C beta methylene protons and 10 C gamma methyl protons of valine residues, was obtained by analysis of three- and four-dimensional (3D and 4D) heteronuclear NMR spectra using a newly developed 3D/4D version of the ANSIG software. A total of 40 converged structures were computed from 3369 experimental restraints consisting of 3,167 nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) derived distances, 14 phi and 54 chi 1 torsion angle restraints, 109 hydrogen bond distance restraints, and an additional 25 restraints derived from literature data defining interactions between the GDP ligand, the magnesium ion, and the protein. The structure in the region of residues 58-66 (loop L4), and to a lesser degree residues 30-38 (loop L2), is ill-defined. Analysis of the dynamics of the backbone 15N nuclei in the protein showed that residues within the regions 58-66, 107-109, and, to a lesser degree, 30-38 are dynamically mobile on the nanosecond time scale. The root mean square (rms) deviations between the 40 solution structures and the mean atomic coordinates are 0.78 A for the backbone heavy atoms and 1.29 A for all non-hydrogen atoms if all residues (1-166) are included in the analysis. If residues 30-38 and residues 58-66 are excluded from the analysis, the rms deviations are reduced to 0.55 and 1.00 A, respectively. The structure was compared to the most highly refined X-ray crystal structure of ras p21.GDP (1-189) [Milburn, M. V., Tong, L., de Vos, A. M., Brünger, A. T., Yamaizumi, Z., Nishimura, S., & Kim, S.-H. (1990) Science 24, 939-945]. The structures are very similar except in the regions found to be mobile by NMR spectroscopy. In addition, the second alpha-helix (helix-2) has a slightly different orientation. The rms deviation between the average of the solution structures and the X-ray crystal structure is 0.94 A for the backbone heavy atoms if residues 31-37 and residues 59-73 are excluded from the analysis.
Magnesium, potassium and zinc deficiency in patients with type II diabetes mellitus (1988)

The concentrations of magnesium, potassium and zinc were determined in plasma, erythrocytes, muscle biopsies, and in urine collected during 24 hours, in 18 subjects with type II diabetes mellitus (DM). Magnesium was also determined in mononuclear cells. The results were compared with those in 35 (magnesium and potassium analyses) or 26 (zinc analyses) healthy controls. Subjects with type II DM had lower concentrations of magnesium (3.79 +/- 0.32 vs. 4.29 +/- 0.22 mmol/100 g FFDS), potassium (40.5 +/- 5.17 vs. 46.1 +/- 3.81 mmol/100 g FFDS) and zinc (231 +/- 29 vs. 247 +/- 23 ng/mg FFDS) in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, the urinary excretions of magnesium and zinc were higher, as compared with those in healthy controls (5.00 +/- 2.68 vs. 3.62 +/- 1.47 mmol/24 hours, and 683 +/- 285 vs. 326 +/- 205 micrograms/24 hours, respectively). The contents of magnesium, potassium and zinc plasma did not correlate with the corresponding concentrations in skeletal muscle or circulating blood cells, as investigated in healthy controls, diabetics and in all subjects together, implying that the plasma concentrations are not useful in the assessment of electrolyte status. Hence, deficiency of electrolytes frequently occurs, and should be looked for, in subjects with type II DM.
Different effects of types A and B botulinum toxin on transmitter release at the rat neuromuscular junction (1983)

Blockade of neuromuscular transmission was produced in the lower hind limb of the rat by local injection of either crystalline type A botulinum toxin or purified type B botulinum neurotoxin. At 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after injection, the extensor digitorum longus nerve-muscle preparation was excised and analyzed in vitro for alterations in spontaneous and nerve stimulus-evoked quantal transmitter release. Muscles receiving type A toxin were paralyzed up to and including 7 days after injection. Muscles treated with type B toxin, although completely paralyzed at 1 and 3 days, twitched in response to nerve stimulation at 5 and 7 days after injection. Both toxins induced a marked decrease in the frequency of miniature endplate potentials but type A did so to a greater extent. The remaining population of miniature endplate potentials contained a greater frequency of potentials with small or large amplitudes and prolonged rise times compared to normal muscle. These changes were more pronounced with type A toxin than with type B toxin. In the presence of alpha-dinitrophenol (1 mM), high frequency, fast-rising miniature endplate potentials of uniform size reappeared. High K+ (20 mM) was less effective in this respect. At 3 days after toxin injection nerve impulse evoked transmitter release was reduced more for type A treated muscles than for type B. However, 3,4-diaminopyridine, an agent which increases nerve-evoked transmitter release by increasing Ca2+ influx, was more effective in reversing the paralysis in type A than in type B-treated muscles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The effect of substrate growth area on misfit and threading dislocation densities in mismatched heterostructures (1989)

We show that mismatched epitaxial growth on small growth areas results in metastable, low dislocation density films. By considering methods of dislocation nucleation in mismatched epitaxial films, we can explain the effect of growth area on the kinetics of misfit dislocation nucleation. We demonstrate this reduction of misfit dislocation density by growth on small areas using the InGaAs/GaAs system, and we also demonstrate a reduction in threading dislocation densities in the GeSi/Si system. InGaAs/GaAs interfaces which have a misfit dislocation density greater than 5000 dislocations/cm for large growth areas are grown nearly misfit-dislocation-free on small growth areas. GeSi/Si structures which have a threading dislocation density of approximately 1000 dislocations/cm2 are grown with a 100% threading dislocation density reduction for small growth areas. We discuss the limits of growth on small areas to reduce both interface dislocation densities as well as threading dislocation densities.
Structure-Based Design of Potent, Conformationally Constrained Smac Mimetics (2004)

A successful structure-based design and synthesis of a class of highly potent conformationally constrained Smac mimetics is described. The most potent compound has a Ki value of 25 nM binding to the XIAP BIR3 protein and is 23 times more potent than natural Smac peptides. These potent Smac mimetics can serve as powerful chemical and pharmacological tools to further elucidate the role of Smac and its cellular binding partners in apoptosis regulation and may be developed as a new class of anti-cancer drugs.
Characterization of the Pasteurella multocida hgbA Gene Encoding a Hemoglobin-Binding Protein (2002)

Reverse transcriptase PCR analyses have demonstrated that open reading frames (ORFs) PM0298, PM0299, and PM0300 of the animal pathogen Pasteurella multocida constitute a single transcriptional unit. By cloning and overexpression studies in Escherichia coli cells, the product of ORF PM0300 was shown to bind hemoglobin in vitro; this ORF was therefore designated hgbA. In vitro and in vivo quantitative assays demonstrated that the P. multocida hgbA mutant bound hemoglobin to the same extent as the wild-type strain, although the adsorption kinetics was slightly slower for the hgbA cells. In agreement with this, the virulence of P. multocida hgbA cells was not affected, suggesting that other functional hemoglobin receptor proteins must be present in this organism. On the other hand, P. multocida mutants defective in PM0298 and PM0299 could be isolated only when a plasmid containing an intact copy of the gene was present in the cells, suggesting that these genes are essential for the viability of this bacterial pathogen. By adapting the recombinase-based expression technology in vivo to P. multocida, we also demonstrated that the transcriptional PM0298-PM0299-hgbA unit is iron regulated and that its expression is triggered in the first 2 h following infection in a mouse model. Furthermore, hybridization experiments showed that the hgbA gene is widespread in P. multocida strains regardless of their serotype or the animal from which they were isolated.
Overexpression of PrPCby Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Targeting Reduces Ischemic Injury in a Stroke Rat Model (2005)

Prion diseases are induced by pathologically misfolded prion protein (PrPSc), which recruit normal sialoglycoprotein PrPC by a template-directed process. In this study, we investigated the expression of PrPC in a rat model of cerebral ischemia to more fully understand its physiological role. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that PrPC-immunoreactive cells increased significantly in the penumbra of ischemic rat brain compared with the untreated brain. Western blot analysis showed that PrPC protein expression increased in ischemic brain tissue in a time-dependent manner. In addition, PrPC protein expression was seen to colocalize with neuron, glial, and vascular endothelial cells in the penumbric region of the ischemic brain. Overexpression of PrPC by injection of rAd (replication-defective recombinant adenoviral)-PGK (phosphoglycerate kinase)-PrPC-Flag into ischemic rat brain improved neurological behavior and reduced the volume of cerebral infarction, which is supportive of a role for PrPC in the neuroprotective adaptive cellular response to ischemic lesions. Concomitant upregulation of PrPC and activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) under hypoxia-reoxygenation in primary cortical cultures was shown to be dependent on ERK1/2 phosphorylation. During hypoxia-reoxygenation, mouse neuroblastoma cell line N18 cells transfected with luciferase rat PrPC promoter reporter constructs, containing the heat shock element (HSE), expressed higher luciferase activities (3- to 10-fold) than those cells transfected with constructs not containing HSE. We propose that HSTF-1 (hypoxia-activated transcription factor), phosphorylated by ERK1/2, may in turn interact with HSE in the promoter of PrPC resulting in gene expression of the prion gene. In summary, we conclude that upregulation of PrPC expression after cerebral ischemia and hypoxia exerts a neuroprotective effect on injured neural tissue. This study suggests that PrPC has physiological relevance to cerebral ischemic injury and could be useful as a therapeutic target for the treatment of cerebral ischemia.
Expression of stromal cell markers in distinct compartments of human skin cancers (2006)

These data describe novel aspects of stromal marker expression in distinct compartments of human skin tumors and may point to potential targets for novel therapeutic strategies aimed at the tumor stroma.