gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Handbook of Clinical Automation, Robotics, and Optimization (1996)

From the Publisher:
The first comprehensive work of its kind, this book offers healthcare providers an authoritative preview of diagnostic testing in the 1990s and beyond. In the era ahead, when managed care and restructured hospitals will be the key to high-quality, cost-effective medicine, the dynamic technologies described here will play a central role. Written by recognized experts in their respective fields, this handbook updates the reader on the latest developments and provides a blueprint for the future. Special features include full survey of robotics, machine vision, and automated integrated systems in diagnostic medicine; complete overview of how the clinical laboratory will be reorganized and restructured for total laboratory automation; how-to guide for reengineering new technology in the modern hospital and planning a smooth transition to the use of robotics; in-depth coverage of the theory and fundamental principles of new computer facilitated approaches; introduction to the concept of knowledge optimization - new ways to organize and use knowledge in patient diagnosis and treatment; special material, unique to this book, on point-of-care testing - testing that is performed directly at the point of patient care, wherever that medical care is needed; and clinically valuable discussions of medical decision analysis, causal reasoning, and algorithmic diagnosis. For clinical laboratory professionals, biotechnologists, pathologists, physicians, administrators, consultants, and others who need to keep up with the ongoing revolution in diagnostic medicine, the Handbook of Clinical Automation, Robotics, and Optimization is essential reading.
Multivariate Granger causality analysis of fMRI data (2008)

This article describes the combination of multivariate Granger causality analysis, temporal down-sampling of fMRI time series, and graph theoretic concepts for investigating causal brain networks and their dynamics. As a demonstration, this approach was applied to analyze epoch-to-epoch changes in a hand-gripping, muscle fatigue experiment. Causal influences between the activated regions were analyzed by applying the directed transfer function (DTF) analysis of multivariate Granger causality with the integrated epoch response as the input, allowing us to account for the effects of several relevant regions simultaneously. Integrated responses were used in lieu of originally sampled time points to remove the effect of the spatially varying hemodynamic response as a confounding factor; using integrated responses did not affect our ability to capture its slowly varying affects of fatigue. We separately modeled the early, middle, and late periods in the fatigue. We adopted graph theoretic concepts of clustering and eccentricity to facilitate the interpretation of the resultant complex networks. Our results reveal the temporal evolution of the network and demonstrate that motor fatigue leads to a disconnection in the related neural network.
Progressive loss of CD8+ T cell-mediated control of a gamma-herpesvirus in the absence of CD4+ T cells. (1996)

A unique experimental model has been developed for dissecting the integrity of CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity to a persistent gammaherpesvirus under conditions of CD4+ T cell deficiency. Respiratory challenge of major histocompatibility complex class II -/- and +/+ C57BL/6J mice with the murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) leads to productive infection of both lung and adrenal epithelial cells. Virus titers peak within 5-10 d, and are no longer detected after day 15. Persistent, latent infection is established concurrently in splenic and lymph node B cells, with higher numbers of MHV-68+ lymphocytes being found in all lymphoid sites analyzed from the +/+ mice concurrent with the massive, but transient splenomegaly that occurred only in this group. From day 17, however, the numbers of infected B lymphocytes were consistently higher in the -/- group, while the frequency of this population diminished progressively in the +/+ controls. Infectious MHV-68 was again detected in the respiratory tract and the adrenals of the -/- (but not the +/+) mice from day 22 after infection. The titers in these sites rose progressively, with the majority of the -/- mice dying between days 120 and 133. Even so, some CD8+ effectors were still functioning as late as 100 d after infection. Depletion of CD8+ T cells at this stage led to higher virus titers in the -/- lung, and to the development of wasting in some of the -/- mice. Elimination of the CD8+ T cells from the +/+ group (day 80) increased the numbers of MHV-68+ cells in the spleen, but did not reactivate the infection in the respiratory tract. The results are consistent with the interpretation that CD8+ T cell-mediated control of this persistent gammaherpesvirus is progressively lost in the absence of the CD4+ T cell subset. This parallels what may be happening in AIDS patients who develop Kaposi's sarcoma and various Epstein Barr virus associated disease processes.
Synthetic mRNA cap analogs with a modified triphosphate bridge – synthesis, applications and prospects (2010)

The cap structure was discovered at the 5′-end of the eukaryotic mRNA over three and a half decades ago. Since then, hundreds of chemically modified cap analogs have been synthesized and applied in numerous studies on the elucidation of cap-related physiological processes in the cell, and became important members of the biophosphate family. In this Perspective, we present recent developments in the synthesis of cap analogs modified within 5′,5′-triphosphate bridges and their utility for interdisciplinary studies on cap-dependent processes in gene expression and its regulation, as well as biotechnological applications and perspectives in medicine.
Bovine × Mouse Hybridomas That Secrete Bovine Immunoglobulin G 1 (1983)

The interspecific fusion of normal bovine lymphocytes with a nonsecreting mouse hybridoma produced stable cell lines secreting bovine immunoglobulins. One of these lines has continued to secrete immunoglobulin G1 (5 to 10 micrograms per milliliter) for over 16 months. The bovine x mouse hybrid cells can be expected to provide bovine monoclonal immunoglobulins for sequencing studies and for use as serological standards as well as to provide messenger RNA for cloning bovine immunoglobulin genes.
Atlas of Interventional Cardiology (2003)

Section I: A Lesion-Specific Approach to Coronary Intervention: Lesion Eccentricity and Irregularity. Ostial Lesions. Total Coronoary Occulsions. Anulated Lesions. Bifurcation Lesions. Saphenous Vein Graft Lesions. Internal Mammary Artery Angioplasty. Thrombus-Containing Lesions. Long Lesions. Proximal Vessel Tortuosity. Left Mainstem Lesions. Complications of Coronary Intervention: Diagnosis and Management . Section II: A Technique Approach to Coronary Intervention: Directional Coronary Atherectomy. Rotational Coronary Atherectomy. Transluminal Extraction Atherectomy. Palmaz-Schatz Stents. Gianturco-Roubin Stents. Wiktor Stents. The Wallstent. Excimer Laser Angioplasty. Thermal Angioplasty.
Accommodative Lens Refilling in Rhesus Monkeys (2006)

A certain level of accommodation can be restored after lens refilling in adolescent rhesus monkeys. During the follow-up period refraction measurements were possible in all five monkeys that underwent the treatment designed to prevent inflammation and capsular opacification.
The Hepatitis C Virus E1 Glycoprotein Undergoes Productive Folding but Accelerated Degradation When Expressed as an Individual Subunit in CHO Cells (2011)

Hepatitis C Virus E1E2 heterodimers are components of the viral spike. Although there is a general agreement on the necessity of the co-expression of both E1 and E2 on a single coding unit for their productive folding and assembly, in a previous study using an in vitro system we obtained strong indications that E1 can achieve folding in absence of E2. Here, we have studied the folding pathway of unescorted E1 from stably expressing CHO cells, compared to the folding observed in presence of the E2 protein. A DTT-resistant conformation is achieved by E1 in both situations, consistent with the presence of an E2-independent oxidative pathway. However, while the E1E2 heterodimer is stable inside cells, E1 expressed alone is degraded within a few hours. On the other hand, the oxidation and stability of individually expressed E2 subunits is dependent on E1 co-expression. These data are consistent with E1 and E2 assisting each other for correct folding via different mechanisms: E2 assists E1 by stabilizing a semi-native conformation meanwhile E1 drives E2 towards a productive folding pathway.
The Mechanisms of Action of PPARs (2002)

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a group of three nuclear receptor isoforms, PPAR gamma, PPAR alpha, and PPAR delta, encoded by different genes. PPARs are ligand-regulated transcription factors that control gene expression by binding to specific response elements (PPREs) within promoters. PPARs bind as heterodimers with a retinoid X receptor and, upon binding agonist, interact with cofactors such that the rate of transcription initiation is increased. The PPARs play a critical physiological role as lipid sensors and regulators of lipid metabolism. Fatty acids and eicosanoids have been identified as natural ligands for the PPARs. More potent synthetic PPAR ligands, including the fibrates and thiazolidinediones, have proven effective in the treatment of dyslipidemia and diabetes. Use of such ligands has allowed researchers to unveil many potential roles for the PPARs in pathological states including atherosclerosis, inflammation, cancer, infertility, and demyelination. Here, we present the current state of knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms of PPAR action and the involvement of the PPARs in the etiology and treatment of several chronic diseases.
Similarity of the Escherichia coli proteome upon completion of different biopharmaceutical fermentation processes (2001)

A comprehensive view of the physiological state of Escherichia coli cells at the completion of fermentation processes for biopharmaceutical production was attained via two-dimensional gel electrophoretic analysis of cellular proteins. For high cell density fermentations in which phosphate is depleted to induce recombinant protein expression from the alkaline phosphatase promoter, proteome analysis confirms that phosphate limitation occurs. Known phosphate starvation inducible proteins are observed at high levels; these include the periplasmic phosphate binding protein and the periplasmic phosphonate binding protein. The phn (EcoK) locus of these E. coli K-12 strains remains cryptic, as demonstrated by failure to grow with phosphonate as the sole phosphorus source. Proteome analysis also provided evidence that cells utilize alternative carbon and energy sources during these fermentation processes. To address regulatory issues in the biopharmaceutical industry, comparative electrophoretic analyses were conducted on a qualitative basis for four different fermentation processes. Using this approach, the protein profiles for these processes were found to be highly similar, with the vast majority (85–90%) of proteins detected in all profiles. The observed similarity in proteomes suggests that multiproduct host cell protein immunoassays are a feasible means of quantifying host-derived polypeptides from a variety of biopharmaceutical fermentation processes.
Regional wave travel and reflections along the human aorta: a study with six simultaneous micromanometric pressures. (1985)

The human aorta and its terminal branches were investigated in normal subjects during elective cardiac catheterization to evaluate regional wave travel and arterial wave reflections. A specially designed catheter with six micromanometers equally spaced at 10 cm intervals was positioned with the tip sensor in the distal external iliac artery and the proximal sensor in the aortic arch. Simultaneous pressures were obtained and analyzed for foot-to-foot wave velocity, and Fourier analysis was used to derive apparent phase velocity. These quantities were assessed during control (n = 9), during Valsalva (n = 8) and Müller (n = 4) maneuvers, and during femoral artery occlusion by bilateral manual compression (n = 8). During control, regional cross-sectional areas, determined from aortography, and regional foot-to-foot pulse wave velocities were used to calculate the local reflection coefficient in the proximal descending aorta (gamma = 0.05), at the junction of the renal arteries (gamma = 0.43), and at the terminal aortic bifurcation (gamma = 0.13). To test the hypothesis that significant reflections originate in the aorta, at the level of the renal arteries, aortograms were used to design a latex tube model with geometric properties similar to the descending aorta. Velocities and reflection characteristics in the model and in vivo were compared. Inspection of thoracic aortic pressures under control conditions revealed a reflected wave originating from the region of the aorta at the level of the renal arterial branches while abdominal pressures exhibited reflection from a site peripheral to the terminal aortic bifurcation. In the low frequency range, apparent phase velocity was found to be higher proximal to the renal arteries as compared with at the distal sites. In addition, the minimum value occurred at a higher frequency in the lower thoracic aorta than at more distal sites. The effects of reflection on apparent wave velocity in the tube model were consistent with data obtained in vivo. The Valsalva maneuver diminished the reflection from the aortic region of the renal arteries, thus allowing the distal reflected wave to become more evident on the thoracic pressure waveforms. Bilateral femoral artery occlusion usually enhanced the distal reflection and the Müller maneuver usually resulted in small increases in reflections. In conclusion, the geometric and elastic nonuniformity of the aorta results in two major sites of arterial wave reflection that influence the aortic pressure waveforms in man.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Use and abuse of opioid analgesics: potential methods to prevent and deter non-medical consumption of prescription opioids. (2004)

Medicinal opiates can produce both analgesia and euphoria. The mood altering action of this class of drugs has led to their abuse (non-medical use), a problem compounded by their physical dependence and addictive qualities. The legitimate expansion of clinical opioid analgesic use for severe chronic non-malignant pain, together with the introduction of high-dose extended-release (modified-release) oral tablet formulations of opioids with good bioavailability, has created increased opportunities for the illicit use of these prescribed drugs. Such use is now a major societal problem, with an incidence that appears to exceed the use of street narcotics such as heroin in the US. This review highlights the extent of the illicit use of prescribed opiate analgesics and some of the steps, legal, educational and pharmaceutical, that can be taken to potentially reduce the risk of their misuse or diversion for abuse.
Cover Picture: Macromol. Chem. Phys. 9/2004 (2004)

Cover: The cover shows the unique polymerization behavior of FI Catalysts, which is the production of well‐defined uni‐ and bimodal polyethylenes. This polymerization behavior stems from the fact that FI Catalysts can possess more than one catalytically active species arising from the coordination modes of two non‐symmetric ligands. The FI catalysis represents a notable example of the formation of bimodal polymers by a single precatalyst in a single‐stage polymerization process. Further details can be found in the Full Paper by Y. Tohi, T. Nakano, H. Makio, S. Matsui, T. Fujita * and T. Yamaguchi on page 1179.
Umbilical cord blood transplantation: overview of the clinical experience. (1994)

In an attempt to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, clinical investigators in Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America have evaluated umbilical cord and placental blood as an alternate source of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells for transplantation. To date, umbilical cord blood has been used to reconstitute hematopoiesis in 34 patients with a variety of malignant and nonmalignant diseases treated with myeloablative therapy. Although the median number of nucleated cells infused was only 4.0 x 10(7)/kg of the recipient's body weight (range, 0.1-33.0 x 10(7)), the median time to hematopoietic recovery was 25.0 days for neutrophils (i.e., absolute neutrophil count > 500/microL, range, 12-46) and 43.5 days for platelets (i.e., absolute platelet count > 50,000/microL, range: 15-105+). Except in three patients who failed to demonstrate any evidence of hematopoietic recovery and one patient who had prompt autologous recovery, engraftment of donor cells was documented in all patients, including recipients of HLA-mismatched grafts. Of 23 evaluable patients with HLA-identical or HLA-1 antigen-mismatched donors, none had grade 2-4 acute graft vs. host disease (GVHD). In summary, these data suggest that umbilical cord blood is an acceptable source of transplantable hematopoietic stem cells, at least in recipients < 40 kg and that the risk of acute GVHD is low.
Head and Neck Cancer Incidence Trends in Young Americans, 1973-1997, With a Special Analysis for Tongue Cancer (2002)

A sharp increasing trend in tongue cancer in young Americans may be attributed to persons born after 1938. The reason for the increase is uncertain. Improved survival rates in young patients suggest the emergence of a distinct disease process that is apparent in white but not black populations.
Communicating over electric distribution lines (1990)

Problems of remote control and metering by carrier transmission over the distribution feeders are considered. The choice of carrier frequencies by the author's Company for compromise between characteristics of noise (harmonics) and electrical length (standing waves) is explained. Modulation, filtering, and integrate-and-dump detection methods of elimination of harmonic effects are described, with special reference to spikes from SCR-controlled variable-speed motors, and matched filtering of white noise. Propagation problems (and countermeasures) are related to power-factor-correction capacitor banks, critical electrical lengths between dwellings and substation, and distribution transformer leakage reactance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Description of Power Lines by Equivalent Source System (2004)

Purpose - The definition of a simple model of low frequency magnetic field created by power industrial installations can be approached by using an equivalent source system (ESS). Given a set of measured magnetic field points, the ESS, made by a limited set of current carrying wires or turns, must be placed and supplied in order to fit the measured magnetic field values. An optimisation procedure can be used to define the current values and the location of the ESS which minimize the error between the measured and computed magnetic field values. Design/methodology/approach - A two-step optimal procedure is defined: in the outer step a stochastic optimisation routine is used to drive the geometric control parameters of the ESS while, in the inner step, the current values flowing through the sources are computed to find the minimization of the error with respect to a set of measured magnetic field values. The optimisation procedure is based on an artificial immune system algorithm which focuses on a deep exploration of the search space and gave interesting results both in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency. Findings - The results show that the proposed approach is able to reconstruct the magnetic field created by complex source system and give some accuracy measure on the reconstruction error. The optimisation process carried out also on conductor positions has allowed to find out the location of the real sources in an accurate way, also in presence of measurement errors. Originality/value - The approach proposed uses optimisation procedures to solve the inverse problem of source reconstruction starting by a set of measured magnetic field values. The definition of a simple equivalent source structure, together with an optimisation procedure to set its control parameters, allows to simulate complex magnetic field sources, like power substations or cable systems, in a very efficient and compact way.
Subfascicle stimulation selectivity using a FINE (2002)

The Flat Interface Nerve Electrode (FINE) is an attempt to improve nerve cuff stimulation selectivity by elongating the nerve in cross section. This increases the surface area of the nerve, and axons in the neural interior are moved closer to the surface. It has been shown previously that it is possible to select individual fascicles for activation using this electrode. Furthermore, modeling studies have shown that, with further reshaping, it may be possible to independently activate small subpopulations of axons within individual fascicles. In order to test this hypothesis, however, a technique is required to assess this level of selectivity noninvasively, so that the performance of the electrode can be monitored over months. In this work, a technique has been developed to determine whether groups of axons within an individual fascicle can be selectively stimulated based on isometric torque generation in the cat ankle joint. This technique does not injure the animal, so that measurements can be performed chronically. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the FINE, even in an acute setting, is capable of selectively activating subpopulations of fibers within individual fascicles.