gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus Reduces Organophosphate Pesticide Absorption and Toxicity to Drosophila melanogaster (2016)

The consequences of environmental pesticide pollution due to widespread usage in agriculture and soil leaching are becoming a major societal concern. Although the long-term effects of low-dose pesticide exposure for humans and wildlife remain largely unknown, logic suggests that these chemicals are not aligned with ecosystem health. This observation is most strongly supported by the agricultural losses associated with honeybee population declines, known as colony collapse disorder, in which pesticide usage is a likely trigger. Lactobacilli are bacteria used as beneficial microorganisms in fermented foods and have shown potentials to sequester and degrade environmental toxins. This study demonstrated that commonly used probiotic strains of lactobacilli could sequester, but not metabolize, organophosphate pesticides (parathion and chlorpyrifos). This Lactobacillus-mediated sequestration was associated with decreased intestinal absorption and insect toxicity in appropriate models. These findings hold promise for supplementing human, livestock, or apiary foods with probiotic microorganisms to reduce organophosphate pesticide exposure.
The expression of CD146 predicts a poor overall survival in patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung. (2012)

CD146 expression was more frequently detected in males than in females. The positive expression of CD146 was associated with a poorer OS according to the survival analysis. CD146 may be a useful marker for predicting poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC following complete resection.
MMTV Env encodes an ITAM responsible for transformation of mammary epithelial cells in three-dimensional culture (2005)

Expression of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-containing signaling proteins is normally restricted to hematopoietic tissues. The basal activity of ITAM-containing proteins is mediated through negative regulation by coreceptors restricted to hematopoietic tissues. We have identified an ITAM signaling domain encoded within the env gene of murine mammary tumor virus (MMTV). Three-dimensional structures derived in vitro from murine cells stably transfected with MMTV env display a depolarized morphology in comparison with control mammary epithelial cells. This effect is abolished by Y>F substitution within the Env ITAM, as well as inhibitors of Syk and Src protein tyrosine kinases. Env-expressing cells bear hallmarks of cell transformation such as sensitivity to apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) or TNFalpha, as well as down-regulation of E-cadherin and Keratin-18. Human normal mammary epithelial cells expressing MMTV Env also develop transformed phenotype, as typified by growth in soft agar and Matrigel invasion. These disruptions are abrogated by Y>F substitutions. We conclude that ITAM-dependent signals are generated through MMTV Env and trigger early hallmarks of transformation of mouse and human mammary epithelial cells. Therefore, these data suggest a heretofore unappreciated potential mechanism for the initiation of breast cancer and identify MMTV Env and ITAM-containing proteins in human breast tumors as probable oncoproteins.
A survey of error-concealment schemes for real-time audio and video transmissions over the Internet (2002)

Real-time audio and video data streamed over unreliable IP networks, such as the Internet, may encounter losses due to dropped packets or late arrivals. This paper reviews error-concealment schemes developed for streaming real-time audio and video data over the Internet. Based on their interactions with (video or audio) source coders, we classify existing techniques into source coder-independent schemes that treat underlying source coders as black boxes, and source coder-dependent schemes that exploit coder-specific characteristics to perform reconstruction. Last, we identify possible future research directions.
Regular aspirin use was associated with a decreased risk for colorectal cancer (1994)

EtiologyNovember 1, 1994Regular aspirin use was associated with a decreased risk for colorectal cancerRobert S. Sandler, MD, MPHRobert S. Sandler, MD, MPHUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (R.S.S.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/ACPJC-1994-121-3-081 SectionsAboutFull Text ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationGiovannucci E, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, et al. Aspirin use and the risk for colorectal cancer and adenoma in male health professionals. Ann Intern Med. 1994 Aug 15;121:241-6. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (R.S.S.) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails November 1, 1994Volume 121, Issue 3Page: 81KeywordsAdenomasAlcoholsClinical trialsCohort studiesColonColonoscopyColorectal cancerEndoscopyExerciseFactor analysisHemorrhageMedical risk factorsNSAIDsObservational studies ePublished: 9 March 2020 Issue Published: November 1, 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
The VASP tetramerization domain is a right-handed coiled coil based on a 15-residue repeat (2004)

The vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) is a key regulator of actin dynamics. We have determined the 1.3-A resolution crystal structure of the 45-residue-long tetramerization domain (TD) from human VASP. This domain forms a right-handed alpha-helical coiled-coil structure with a similar degree of supercoiling as found in the widespread left-handed coiled coils with heptad repeats. The basis for the right-handed geometry of VASP TD is a 15-residue repeat in its amino acid sequence, which reveals a characteristic pattern of hydrophobic residues. Hydrophobic interactions and a network of salt bridges render VASP TD highly thermostable with a melting point of 120 degrees C.
Astrocytes contribute to gamma oscillations and recognition memory (2014)

Glial cells are an integral part of functional communication in the brain. Here we show that astrocytes contribute to the fast dynamics of neural circuits that underlie normal cognitive behaviors. In particular, we found that the selective expression of tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) in astrocytes significantly reduced the duration of carbachol-induced gamma oscillations in hippocampal slices. These data prompted us to develop a novel transgenic mouse model, specifically with inducible tetanus toxin expression in astrocytes. In this in vivo model, we found evidence of a marked decrease in electroencephalographic (EEG) power in the gamma frequency range in awake-behaving mice, whereas neuronal synaptic activity remained intact. The reduction in cortical gamma oscillations was accompanied by impaired behavioral performance in the novel object recognition test, whereas other forms of memory, including working memory and fear conditioning, remained unchanged. These results support a key role for gamma oscillations in recognition memory. Both EEG alterations and behavioral deficits in novel object recognition were reversed by suppression of tetanus toxin expression. These data reveal an unexpected role for astrocytes as essential contributors to information processing and cognitive behavior.
Antitumour activity of a melanoma-specific immunotoxin, ME20-LysPE40. (1995)

An immunotoxin conjugate has been prepared by linking an internalizing antibody with melanoma selectivity, ME20, with a binding-defective form of Pseudomonas exotoxin A, LysPE40. ME20-LysPE40 binds to a 105,000 Da cell-surface antigen present on melanoma cells (ME20-M) within twofold of unmodified ME20 and was cytotoxic to two human melanoma cell lines, H3606 and MALME-3M, with EC50 values of 100 and 200 pM, respectively. Immunotoxin treatment, initiated 1 day following subcutaneous implantation of H3606 melanoma cells into mice, prevented outgrowth of tumour xenografts in > 50% of the mice. In contrast, only a modest inhibition in tumour growth was observed if the immunotoxin was administered 5 days after implantation of in vivo passaged H3606 tumour fragments in mice. This study shows that the internalizing monoclonal antibody ME20 IgG can be used for targeting a toxin toward melanoma cells displaying the ME20-M antigen.
Development of EMG-based mode and intent recognition algorithms for a computer-controlled above-knee prosthesis (1990)

Conventional above-knee prostheses are unable to replace normal leg function due to the lack of adaptive control. Computer-controlled prostheses offer the possibility to implement such adaptive control. For a particular locomotion mode, control algorithms can generate appropriate damping profiles as a function of selected sensory inputs and stored information on normal walking. However, it is essential in such systems that the locomotor modes can be determined accurately from the inputs of the control system. Recognition of the intent to change from one mode to another is also a necessity because the control system has to account for such transitions. The possibility of using EMG signals from hip muscles and muscle residuals of the stump for this purpose is investigated. The modes tested are level walking, ramp ascent and ramp descent with slopes of 6 degrees and 9 degrees. EMG activity curves for three muscles: gluteus maximus, gluteus medius and tensor fasciae latae, are presented for the different modes. The results are obtained from two reference groups of 12 normal individuals and from a prosthetic patient. The results show the possibility of discriminating between modes. A discussion is made of the implementation of the results obtained by a finite state approach and the difficulties relating to the use of EMG signals for control purposes.
Rapid Serum Carotene Loading with High-Dose β-Carotene (1991)

The kinetics of serum beta-carotene loading were evaluated to help determine the minimum time required to load fatty tissues, including atherosclerotic plaque and skin, with beta-carotene. Loading atherosclerotic plaque with yellow beta-carotene pigment increases absorption of blue laser radiation, potentially enhancing the selectivity and quality of laser angioplasty. Five healthy volunteers received 300 mg beta-carotene daily (the maximum FDA recommended dose) for 21 days in three divided doses with meals. Serum total carotenoid levels increased exponentially with a 10-day time constant from an average of 1.7-6.5 micrograms/ml (p less than 10(-4]. The skin began to yellow visibly at 10 days and became increasingly yellow for several weeks thereafter, suggesting that augmenting the yellow color of fatty tissues and atherosclerotic plaque with oral beta-carotene may require a minimum of several weeks to attain the maximum effect.
A family of Shc related proteins with conserved PTB, CH1 and SH2 regions. (1996)

Shc proteins are targets of activated tyrosine kinases and have been implicated in the transmission of activation signals to Ras. Upon phosphorylation, Shc proteins form stable complexes with cellular tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins and with the Grb2 adaptor protein. Two Shc isoforms of 52 and 46 kDa have been characterized. They share a C-terminal SH2 domain, a proline- and glycine-rich region (collagen homologous region 1; CH1) and a N-terminal phospho-tyrosine binding domain (PTB). We report her ethe initial characterization of two Shc related human cDNAs: ShcB and ShcC. The ShcB and ShcC cDNAs code for proteins that are highly similar and share the same modular organization as Shc. PTB and SH2 domains of ShcB and ShcC have similar binding specificities in vitro and bind to activated EGFR in a phosphotyrosine-dependent manner. Based on these findings we propose to rename Shc as ShcA. Anti-ShcB and anti-ShcC antibodies recognize specific polypeptides of 52, 47 kDa (ShcB) and 54 kDa (ShcC) in mammalian cells. Since these two genes are predominantly expressed in specific brain tissues, these Shc family members may be involved in cell type-specific signaling, in the nervous system.
Synthetic 2-Aroylindole Derivatives as a New Class of Potent Tubulin-Inhibitory, Antimitotic Agents (2001)

A new class of simple synthetic antimitotic compounds based on 2-aroylindoles was discovered. (5-Methoxy-1H-2-indolyl)-phenylmethanone (1) as well as analogous 3-fluorophenyl- (36) and 3-methoxyphenyl (3) derivatives displayed high cytotoxicity of IC(50) = 20 to 75 nM against the human HeLa/KB cervical, SK-OV-3 ovarian, and U373 astrocytoma carcinoma cell lines. The inhibition of proliferation correlated with the arrest in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. In in vitro assays with tubulin isolated from bovine brain, in general antiproliferative activity correlated with inhibition of tubulin polymerization. Thus, the antimitotic activity of 2-aroylindoles is explained by interference with the mitotic spindle apparatus and destabilization of microtubules. In contrast to colchicine, vincristine, nocodazole, or taxol, 1 did not significantly affect the GTPase activity of beta-tubulin. Interestingly, selected compounds inhibited angiogenesis in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. In xenograft experiments, 1 was highly active after oral administration at 200 mg/kg against the human amelanocytic melanoma MEXF 989 in athymic nude mice. We conclude, that 2-aroylindoles constitute an interesting new class of antitubulin agents with the potential to be clinically developed for cancer treatment.
Cooperative Regulation of Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Angiogenic Potential by Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor and Its Homolog, d -Dopachrome Tautomerase (2008)

Tumor-derived growth factors and cytokines stimulate neoangiogenesis from surrounding capillaries to support tumor growth. Recent studies have revealed that macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) expression is increased in lung cancer, particularly non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC). Because MIF has important autocrine effects on normal and transformed cells, we investigated whether autocrine MIF and its only known family member, D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT), promote the expression of proangiogenic factors CXCL8 and vascular endothelial growth factor in NSCLC cells. Our results demonstrate that the expression of CXCL8 and vascular endothelial growth factor are strongly reliant upon both the individual and cooperative activities of the two family members. CXCL8 transcriptional regulation by MIF and D-DT appears to involve a signaling pathway that includes the activation of JNK, c-jun phosphorylation, and subsequent AP-1 transcription factor activity. Importantly, HUVEC migration and tube formation induced by supernatants from lung adenocarcinoma cells lacking either or both MIF and D-DT are substantially reduced when compared with normal supernatants. Finally, we demonstrate that the cognate MIF receptor, CD74, is necessary for both MIF- and D-DT-induced JNK activation and CXCL8 expression, suggesting its potential involvement in angiogenic growth factor expression. This is the first demonstration of a biological role for D-DT, and its synergism with MIF suggests that the combined therapeutic targeting of both family members may enhance current anti-MIF-based therapies.
Markers and Tissue Resources for Melanoma: Meeting Report (2006)

The Markers and Tissue Resources for Melanoma meeting convened by the Cancer Diagnosis Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Specialized Programs of Research Excellence at the Organ Systems Branch of the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and the Melanoma Research Foundation was held in Gaithersburg, MD on October 2005. The meeting reviewed the current status of biomarkers for early- and advanced-stage melanoma and addressed some of the challenges scientists and clinicians face as they unravel the biology of melanoma and try to apply these findings to patient care. Specifically, the participants focused on molecular changes associated with melanoma progression, potential diagnostic and prognostic markers emerging from molecular profiling studies, and new treatment targets for current and future clinical trials. They also highlighted the ongoing challenges about translational research in melanoma, including availability of tissue resources, and summarized the status of nevus and melanoma tissue microarrays, recently developed as a collaborative project between the melanoma research community and the NCI. The meeting report is intended to provide a perspective on emerging scientific approaches in translational research that can enhance the progress in discovery and validation of markers for melanoma. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(22): 10652-7).
Mutations in the 5′ Nontranslated Region of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Result in Altered Growth Characteristics (2000)

The 5' nontranslated region (NTR) of pestiviruses functions as an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) that mediates cap-independent translation of the viral polyprotein and probably contains additional cis-acting RNA signals involved in crucial processes of the viral life cycle. Computer modeling suggests that the 5'-terminal 75 nucleotides preceding the IRES element form two stable hairpins, Ia and Ib. Spontaneous and engineered mutations located in the genomic region comprising Ia and Ib were characterized by using infectious cDNA clones of bovine viral diarrhea virus. Spontaneous 5' NTR mutations carrying between 9 and 26 A residues within the loop region of Ib had no detectable influence on specific infectivity and virus growth properties. After tissue culture passages, multiple insertions and deletions of A residues occurred rapidly. In contrast, an engineered mutant carrying 5 A residues within the Ib loop was genetically stable during 10 tissue culture passages. This virus was used as starting material to generate a number of additional mutants. The analyses show that (i) deletion of the entire Ib loop region resulted in almost complete loss of infectivity that was rapidly restored during passages in cell culture by insertions of variable numbers of A residues; (ii) mutations within the 5'-terminal 4 nucleotides of the genomic RNA severely impaired virus replication; passaging of the supernatants obtained after transfection resulted in the emergence of efficiently replicating mutants that had regained the conserved 5'-terminal sequence; (iii) provided the conserved sequence motif 5'-GUAU was retained at the 5' end of the genomic RNA, substitutions and deletions of various parts of hairpin Ia or deletion of all of Ia and part of Ib were found to support replication, but to a lower degree than the parent virus. Restriction of specific infectivity and virus growth of the 5' NTR mutants correlated with reduced amounts of accumulated viral RNAs.
Brucellosis in wildlife (2002)

Brucellae infections have been documented world-wide over the years in a great variety of terrestrial wildlife species. Recently, brucellae infections have also been reported in a wide variety of marine mammals. A very important consideration with regard to terrestrial brucellosis in wildlife is to distinguish between a spillover of infection from domestic animals and a sustainable infection in wild species. The probability of brucellosis becoming established and being sustainable in a species depends on a combination of factors including host susceptibility, infectious dose, contact with infected animals, management and environmental factors. In this context, the development of the game farming industry appears to have contributed to the re-emergence of brucellosis. The gold standard in brucellosis diagnosis remains the isolation of brucellae. If brucellosis is suspected in an animal or a wildlife population following positive serological results, attempts to isolate the organism should always be performed. The release of anti-brucellae vaccine strain in wildlife is of concern because this could lead to environmental contamination and infection of other wild species. Therefore, the appropriate dosage of the vaccine in target species as well as the safety of the vaccine in non-target species must be addressed in technical terms in order to assist decision-making regarding the management of wildlife brucellosis.
Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Neuron-Like Cells In Vitro (2011)

hBMSCs possess of great potential to differentiate into functional neurons, indicating that hBMSCs may be an ideal cell source in managing a variety of clinical diseases such as spinal cord injury.
Concerted Conformational Effects of Ca2+and ATP Are Required for Activation of Sequential Reactions in the Ca2+ATPase (SERCA) Catalytic Cycle, (2006)

We relate solution behavior to the crystal structure of the Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA). We find that nucleotide binding occurs with high affinity through interaction of the adenosine moiety with the N domain, even in the absence of Ca2+ and Mg2+, or to the closed conformation stabilized by thapsigargin (TG). Why then is Ca2+ crucial for ATP utilization? The influence of adenosine 5'-(beta,gamma-methylene) triphosphate (AMPPCP), Ca2+, and Mg2+ on proteolytic digestion patterns, interpreted in the light of known crystal structures, indicates that a Ca2+-dependent conformation of the ATPase headpiece is required for a further transition induced by nucleotide binding. This includes opening of the headpiece, which in turn allows inclination of the "A" domain and bending of the "P" domain. Thereby, the phosphate chain of bound ATP acquires an extended configuration allowing the gamma-phosphate to reach Asp351 to form a complex including Mg2+. We demonstrate by Asp351 mutation that this "productive" conformation of the substrate-enzyme complex is unstable because of electrostatic repulsion at the phosphorylation site. However, this conformation is subsequently stabilized by covalent engagement of the -phosphate yielding the phosphoenzyme intermediate. We also demonstrate that the ADP product remains bound with high affinity to the transition state complex but dissociates with lower affinity as the phosphoenzyme undergoes a further conformational change (i.e., E1-P to E2-P transition). Finally, we measured low-affinity ATP binding to stable phosphoenzyme analogues, demonstrating that the E1-P to E2-P transition and the enzyme turnover are accelerated by ATP binding to the phosphoenzyme in exchange for ADP.
Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids as Template to Monolithic Mesoporous Silica with Wormlike Pores via a Sol−Gel Nanocasting Technique (2004)

This paper reports a novel room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL), [C4mim]+ BF4-, as template to monolithic mesoporous silica with wormhole framework via a convenient nanocasting technique. In contrast with the applied liquid crystal self-assembly of long-chain surfactants on the preparation of mesoporous nanostructures, a new so-called hydrogen bond-co-π−π stack mechanism was proposed to be responsible for the present self-assembly of the RTIL in the reaction system for the formation of the wormlike mesopore, in which both the hydrogen bonds formed between the [BF4]- and silano group of silica gel and the π−π stack interaction of the neighboring imidazolium rings play crucial roles in the formation of the wormhole framework of mesporous silica. The proposed hydrogen bond-co-π−π stack mechanism with the RTIL as template may open a new pathway to prepare mesoporous materials.