gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Defibrotide for the treatment of hepatic veno‐occlusive disease: results of the European compassionate‐use study (2000)

Severe hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) is a recognized complication of autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) that is often fatal. Defibrotide (DF) is a polydeoxyribonucleotide that has been found to have anti-thrombotic, anti-ischaemic and thrombolytic properties without causing significant anticoagulation. Preliminary studies have demonstrated activity for DF in the treatment of VOD, with minimal associated toxicity. In the present study, 40 patients who fulfilled established criteria for VOD were treated with DF on compassionate grounds in 19 European centres; 28 patients met risk criteria predicting progression of VOD and fatality or had evidence of multiorgan failure (MOF), and were defined as 'poor-risk'. DF was commenced intravenously at a median of 14 d (range, -2 d to 53 d) post SCT at doses ranging from 10 to 40 mg/kg. The median duration of therapy was 18 d (range, 2--71 d). Twenty-two patients showed a complete response (CR) (bilirubin < 34.2 micromol/l and resolution of signs/symptoms of VOD and end-organ dysfunction) [CR = 55%, confidence interval (CI) 40--70%] and 17 patients (43%) are alive beyond d +100. Ten poor-risk patients showed a complete response (CR = 36%, CI 21--51%). These results demonstrate that DF is an active treatment for VOD following SCT and a randomized trial is now underway in order to further evaluate its role.
Direct Plant Tissue Analysis and Imprint Imaging by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2011)

The ambient mass spectrometry technique, desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS), is applied for the rapid identification and spatially resolved relative quantification of chlorophyll degradation products in complex senescent plant tissue matrixes. Polyfunctionalized nonfluorescent chlorophyll catabolites (NCCs), the "final" products of the chlorophyll degradation pathway, are detected directly from leaf tissues within seconds and structurally characterized by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and reactive-DESI experiments performed in situ. The sensitivity of DESI-MS analysis of these compounds from degreening leaves is enhanced by the introduction of an imprinting technique. Porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is used as a substrate for imprinting the leaves, resulting in increased signal intensities compared with those obtained from direct leaf tissue analysis. This imprinting technique is used further to perform two-dimensional (2D) imaging mass spectrometry by DESI, producing well-resolved images of the spatial distribution of NCCs in senescent leaf tissues.
Trastuzumab as first-line therapy in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients (2012)

Trastuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against the extracellular domain of hEGF receptor-2 (HER2). Trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy has proven efficacy in treating both early and metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer. In the metastatic setting, the addition of trastuzumab to chemotherapy is associated with a statistically significant longer time to disease progression, higher rate of objective response and improvement in overall survival. Trastuzumab efficacy is not influenced by hormone receptor status, but differences in median overall survival exist between HER2-positive and HER2-negative states. Reassessment of the benefit of re-exposing patients with metastatic breast cancer to trastuzumab following relapse in the adjuvant setting is necessary. Ongoing research into new HER2-targeted therapies and trials involving combination anti-HER2 drug therapy without chemotherapy show promise. This review is focused on the available results obtained with the use of trastuzumab in the subset of HER2-positive breast cancer patients with metastatic disease.
Potential Anticancer Agents.1 XI. Synthesis of Nucleosides Derived from 6-Deoxy-L-idofuranose (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotential Anticancer Agents.1 XI. Synthesis of Nucleosides Derived from 6-Deoxy-L-idofuranoseELMER J. REIST, ROLAND R. SPENCER, and B. R. BAKERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 11, 1757–1760Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01105a049https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01105a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views79Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Terbutaline-induced desensitization of human lymphocyte beta 2-adrenoceptors. Accelerated restoration of beta-adrenoceptor responsiveness by prednisone and ketotifen. (1985)

We investigated, in 36 healthy volunteers, the effects of prednisone and ketotifen on recovery of lymphocyte beta 2-adrenoceptor density (determined by (-)-125iodocyanopindolol binding) and responsiveness (assessed by lymphocyte cyclic AMP [cAMP] responses to 10 microM (-)-isoprenaline) after desensitization by the beta 2-agonist terbutaline. Terbutaline (3 X 5 mg/d) decreased lymphocyte beta 2-adrenoceptor density by approximately 40-50%; concomitantly, lymphocyte cAMP responses to 10 microM (-)-isoprenaline were significantly reduced. After withdrawal of terbutaline beta 2-adrenoceptor, density and responsiveness gradually increased, reaching predrug levels after 4 d. Prednisone (1 X 100 mg orally) accelerated beta 2-adrenoceptor recovery; only 8-10 h after administration of the steroid beta 2-adrenoceptor density and cAMP responses to (-)-isoprenaline had reached values not significantly different from pretreatment levels. Similar effects were obtained with ketotifen (2 mg; thereafter 2 X 1 mg/d for 4 d): 24 h after application of the drug beta 2-adrenoceptor density and cAMP responses to (-)-isoprenaline had reached pretreatment levels. Furthermore, ketotifen simultaneously applied with terbutaline completely prevented terbutaline-induced decrease in lymphocyte beta 2-adrenoceptor density and responsiveness. Prednisone (1 X 100 mg orally) or ketotifen (2 mg; thereafter 2 X 1 mg/d for 2 d) had no significant influence on lymphocyte beta 2-adrenoceptor density in healthy volunteers not pretreated with terbutaline, but shifted the ratio high-to-low affinity state of the lymphocyte beta 2-adrenoceptor toward high affinity state. We conclude that glucocorticoids as well as ketotifen can accelerate recovery of density and responsiveness of lymphocyte beta 2-adrenoceptors desensitized by long-term treatment with beta 2-agonists. Such an effect may have clinical implications for preventing tachyphylaxis of asthmatic patients against therapy with beta 2-agonists.
Activation of complement by immunoglobulin M is impaired by the substitution serine-406----asparagine in the immunoglobulin mu heavy chain. (1986)

We have isolated and analyzed the DNA encoding the mu heavy chain constant region of a mutant IgM that is defective in initiating complement-dependent cytolysis. By assaying the expression of mu-chain genes that were constructed in vitro from mutant and wild-type gene segments, we have mapped the mutation into a 555-base-pair segment that spans part of the third and fourth constant region domains. In this segment there is one nucleotide change, such that the mutant mu-chain gene encodes asparagine rather than the normal serine at amino acid position 406 in the third constant domain. We have used site-directed mutagenesis to introduce a comparable mutation into the normal mu-chain gene and confirmed that this substitution causes the production of IgM with the original mutant phenotype. Evidence is also provided that the serine-406----asparagine substitution might cause the mutant mu chain to be abnormally glycosylated.
Formation of device-grade epitaxial silicon films at extremely low temperatures by low-energy bias sputtering (1989)

Device-grade epitaxial single silicon layers have been formed at extremely low temperatures of about 300 °C by low-energy bias sputtering in conjunction with in situ substrate surface cleaning and an ultraclean processing environment. Dopant impurities in the target material are fully incorporated into the sputter-deposited silicon film and these impurities are 100% electrically activated without any additional heat cycles. An epitaxial silicon film having a resistivity as low as 0.0014 Ω cm has been obtained using a heavily arsenic-doped silicon block as a target material. A p-n junction diode formed by directly depositing a phosphorus-doped n-type epilayer on a p-type substrate indicates a reverse current level as low as 1.88×10−9 A/cm2 at a reverse bias voltage of 5 V, thus verifying that the in situ substrate surface cleaning by low-energy Ar ion bombardment is very effective and damage free. The electrical characteristics of a grown film have shown a good correlation to the crystal structure of the film, which is primarily determined by the energy of ions concurrently bombarding the growing film surface.
Selective Expression of the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase, HTK, on Human Erythroid Progenitor Cells (1997)

HTK is a receptor tyrosine kinase of the Eph family. To characterize the involvement of HTK in hematopoiesis, we generated monoclonal antibodies against HTK and investigated its expression on human bone marrow cells. About 5% of the bone marrow cells were HTK+, which were also c-Kit+, CD34(low), and glycophorin A(-/low). Assays of progenitors showed that HTK+ c-Kit+ cells consisted exclusively of erythroid progenitors, whereas HTK- c-Kit+ cells contained progenitors of granulocytes and macrophages as well as those of erythroid cells. Most of the HTK+ erythroid progenitors were stem cell factor-dependent for proliferation, indicating that they represent mainly erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E). During the erythroid differentiation of cultured peripheral CD34+ cells, HTK expression was upregulated on immature erythroid cells that corresponded to BFU-E and erythroid colony-forming units and downregulated on erythroblasts with high levels of glycophorin expression. These findings suggest that HTK is selectively expressed on the restricted stage of erythroid progenitors, particularly BFU-E, and that HTK is the first marker antigen that allows the purification of erythroid progenitors. Furthermore, HTKL, the ligand for HTK, was expressed in the bone marrow stromal cells. Our findings provide a novel regulatory system of erythropoiesis mediated by the HTKL-HTK signaling pathway.
Linear programming analysis of loopy belief propagation for weighted matching (2007)

Loopy belief propagation has been employed in a wide variety of applications with great empirical success, but it comes with few theoretical guarantees. In this paper we investigate the use of the max-product form of belief propagation for weighted matching problems on general graphs. We show that max-product converges to the correct answer if the linear programming (LP) relaxation of the weighted matching problem is tight and does not converge if the LP relaxation is loose. This provides an exact characterization of max-product performance and reveals connections to the widely used optimization technique of LP relaxation. In addition, we demonstrate that max-product is effective in solving practical weighted matching problems in a distributed fashion by applying it to the problem of self-organization in sensor networks. 1
Oligomeric rearrangement of tick-borne encephalitis virus envelope proteins induced by an acidic pH (1995)

The flavivirus envelope protein E undergoes irreversible conformational changes at a mildly acidic pH which are believed to be necessary for membrane fusion in endosomes. In this study we used a combination of chemical cross-linking and sedimentation analysis to show that the envelope proteins of the flavivirus tick-borne encephalitis virus also change their oligomeric structure when exposed to a mildly acidic environment. Under neutral or slightly alkaline conditions, protein E on the surface of native virions exists as a homodimer which can be isolated by solubilization with the nonionic detergent Triton X-100. Solubilization with the same detergent after pretreatment at an acidic pH, however, yielded homotrimers rather than homodimers, suggesting that exposure to an acidic pH had induced a simultaneous weakening of dimeric contacts and a strengthening of trimeric ones. The pH threshold for the dimer-to-trimer transition was found to be 6.5. Because the pH dependence of this transition parallels that of previously observed changes in the conformation and hydrophobicity of protein E and that of virus-induced membrane fusion, it appears likely that the mechanism of fusion with endosomal membranes involves a specific rearrangement of the proteins in the viral envelope. Immature virions in which protein E is associated with the uncleaved precursor (prM) of the membrane protein M did not undergo a low-pH-induced rearrangement. This is consistent with a protective role of protein prM for protein E during intracellular transport of immature virions through acidic compartments of the trans-Golgi network.
Stress Urinary Incontinence and Overactive Bladder Syndrome: Current Options and New Targets for Management (2012)

In the United States, office visits for women seeking treatment for urinary incontinence more than doubled between 1994 and 2000, from 1845 per 100 000 women. This review article addresses treatment options for 2 common types of incontinence in women: stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and detrusor overactivity (DO), commonly referred to as urge urinary incontinence (UUI). In the past, those with SUI typically faced limited treatment options, such as Kegel exercises, pessaries, or major surgery (Burch or Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz operations). However, treatment options for women also included anticholinergic medications, behavioral therapy, and implantable neuromodulation. In recent years, more options have become available. For women with SUI, a variety of minimally invasive synthetic midurethral sling approaches (eg, retropubic, transobturator, and single incision) and office-based procedures (eg, periurethral injection of bulking agents and radiofrequency collagen denaturation [Renessa®; Novasys Medical]) are now offered. More outpatient options will hopefully be available soon, including an inflatable, free-floating balloon to act as a shock absorber, and injection of muscle-derived stem cells into the periurethral tissue. Women with UUI now have targeted options, such as posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) and intravesical injections of onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox®; Allergan, Inc.), in addition to nonoral systemic medications.
Minimally Invasive Lumbar Fusion (2003)

Preliminary clinical results suggest that minimally invasive lumbar fusion will have a beneficial impact on the care of patients with spinal disorders. Outcome studies with long-term follow-up will be necessary to validate its success and allow minimally invasive lumbar fusion to become more widely accepted.
Persistence of HIV-associated cognitive impairment, inflammation, and neuronal injury in era of highly active antiretroviral treatment (2011)

Brain inflammatory changes remain ubiquitous among HIV-infected individuals, whereas neuronal injury occurs predominantly in those with cognitive impairment. Together these findings indicate that despite the widespread use of HAART, HIV-associated cognitive impairment and brain injury persist in the setting of chronic and stable disease.
Molecular Classification of Breast Carcinomas by Immunohistochemical Analysis (2009)

Gene expression profiling with breast carcinomas has allowed further classification of these tumors into 5 distinct subtypes (luminal A, luminal B, HER2-overexpression, basal-like, and normal-like) with unique clinical outcomes. Subsequent studies have shown that breast carcinomas can also be divided into 5 similar subgroups using immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis with a limited panel of molecular markers (including estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER2, CK5/6, and epidermal growth factor receptor). These subgroups have distinguishing features closely associated with subtypes defined by gene expression profiling, including distinct clinical outcomes. This review aims to present the current data on molecular classification for breast carcinoma, and its clinical significance, with an emphasis on IHC-based studies and the pros and cons of these molecular classifications. We also propose a standardized IHC-based molecular classification, in the hope that it will promote more uniform large multicenter studies, and facilitate its clinical application.
Characterization of the CD4+ T Cell Response to Epstein-Barr Virus during Primary and Persistent Infection (2003)

The CD8+ T cell response to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is well characterized. Much less is known about the evolution of the CD4+ T cell response. Here we show that EBV stimulates a primary burst of effector CD4+ T cells and this is followed by a period of down-regulation. A small population of EBV-specific effector CD4+ T cells survives during the lifelong persistent phase of infection. The EBV-specific effector CD4+ T cells accumulate within a CD27+ CD28+ differentiation compartment during primary infection and remain enriched within this compartment throughout the persistent phase of infection. Analysis of CD4+ T cell responses to individual epitopes from EBV latent and lytic cycle proteins confirms the observation that the majority of the effector cells express both CD27 and CD28, although CD4+ T cells specific for lytic cycle antigens have a greater tendency to express CD45RA than those specific for the latent antigens. In clear contrast, effector CD4+ T cells specific for cytomegalovirus (CMV) accumulate within the CD27- CD28+ and CD27- CD28- compartments. There are striking parallels in terms of the differentiation of CD8+ T cells specific for EBV and CMV. The results challenge current ideas on the definition of memory subsets.
Colourimetric and fluorescent probes for the optical detection of palladium ions (2013)

In recent years, the development of optical probes to analyse trace palladium ions (Pd(2+)) has attracted great attention because of the residual palladium released by catalytic converters or from various Pd-catalysed reactions. These residual palladium ions may cause potential health hazards. This review provides a brief introduction to the new methods used to determine trace amounts of Pd(2+), which then mainly focuses on the different reporting systems and unique mechanisms of the colourimetric and fluorescent probes used to detect Pd(2+), including Pd(2+) complex formation or Pd-catalysed reactions.
Framework Engineering by Anions and Porous Functionalities of Cu(II)/4,4‘-bpy Coordination Polymers (2002)

A combination of framework-builder (Cu(II) ion and 4,4'-bipyridine (4,4'-bpy) ligand) and framework-regulator (AF(6) type anions; A = Si, Ge, and P) provides a series of novel porous coordination polymers. The highly porous coordination polymers ([Cu(AF(6))(4,4'-bpy)(2)].8H(2)O)(n)(A = Si (1a.8H(2)O), Ge (2a.8H(2)O)) afford robust 3-dimensional (3-D), microporous networks (3-D Regular Grid) by using AF(6)(2-) anions. The channel size of these complexes is ca. 8 x 8 A(2) along the c-axis and 6 x 2 A(2) along the a- or b-axes. When compounds 1a.8H(2)O or 2a.8H(2)O were immersed in water, a conversion of 3-D networks (1a.8H(2)O or 2a.8H(2)O) to interpenetrated networks ([Cu(4,4'-bpy)(2)(H(2)O)(2)].AF(6))(n)(A = Si (1b) and Ge (2b)) (2-D Interpenetration) took place. This 2-D interpenetrated network 1b shows unique dynamic anion-exchange properties, which accompany drastic structural conversions. When a PF(6)(-) monoanion instead of AF(6)(2)(-) dianions was used as the framework-regulator with another co-counteranion (coexistent anions), porous coordination polymers with various types of frameworks, ([Cu(2)(4,4'-bpy)(5)(H(2)O)(4)].anions.2H(2)O.4EtOH)(n)(anions = 4PF(6)(-) (3.2H(2)O.4EtOH), 2PF(6)(-) + 2ClO(4)(-) (4.2H(2)O.4EtOH)) (2-D Double-Layer), ([Cu(2)(PF(6))(NO(3))(4,4'-bpy)(4)].2PF(6).2H(2)O)(n)(5.2PF(6).2H(2)O) (3-D Undulated Grid), ([Cu(PF(6))(4,4'-bpy)(2)(MeCN)].PF(6).2MeCN)(n)(6.2MeCN) (2-D Grid), and ([Cu(4,4'-bpy)(2)(H(2)O)(2)].PF(6).BF(4))(n) (7) (2-D Grid), were obtained, where the three modes of PF(6)(-) anions are observed. 5.2PF(6).2H(2)O has rare PF(6)(-) bridges. The PF(6)(-) and NO(3)(-) monoanions alternately link to the Cu(II) centers in the undulated 2-D sheets of [Cu(4,4'-bpy)(2)](n)() to form a 3-D porous network. The free PF(6)(-) anions are included in the channels. 6.2MeCN affords both free and terminal-bridged PF(6)(-) anions. 3.2H(2)O.4EtOH, 4.2H(2)O.4EtOH, and 7 bear free PF(6)(-) anions. All of the anions in 3.2H(2)O.4EtOH and 4.2H(2)O.4EtOH are freely located in the channels constructed from a host network. Interestingly, these Cu(II) frameworks are rationally controlled by counteranions and selectively converted to other frameworks.
Human Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells Accelerate Diabetic Wound Healing: Impact of Cell Formulation and Delivery (2009)

Human adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) have been shown to possess therapeutic potential in a variety of settings, including cutaneous wound healing; however, it is unknown whether the regenerative properties of this cell type can be applied to diabetic ulcers. ASCs collected from elective surgical procedures were used to treat full-thickness dermal wounds in leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) mice. Cells were delivered either as multicellular aggregates or as cell suspensions to determine the impact of cell formulation and delivery methods on biological activity and in vivo therapeutic effect. After treatment with ASCs that were formulated as multicellular aggregates, diabetic wounds experienced a significant increase in the rate of wound closure compared to wounds treated with an equal number of ASCs delivered in suspension. Analysis of culture supernatant and gene arrays indicated that ASCs formulated as three-dimensional aggregates produce significantly more extracellular matrix proteins (e.g., tenascin C, collagen VI alpha3, and fibronectin) and secreted soluble factors (e.g., hepatocyte growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase-2, and matrix metalloproteinase-14) compared to monolayer culture. From these results, it is clear that cell culture, formulation, and delivery method have a large impact on the in vitro and in vivo biology of ASCs.
Hepascore: An Accurate Validated Predictor of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis C Infection (2005)

A model of 4 serum markers plus age and sex provides clinically useful information regarding different fibrosis stages among hepatitis C patients.