gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigating the reactive sites and the anomalously large changes in surface pKa values of chemically modified carbon nanotubes of different morphologies (2007)

“Bamboo-like” multiwalled (b-MWCNT), “hollow-tube” multiwalled (h-MWCNT) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), chemically modified with 1-anthraquinonyl (AQ) or 4-nitrophenyl (NP) groups, are characterized using voltammetric, electron microscopic and Raman spectroscopic techniques. The pKa values of the AQ-modified CNTs are found to be shifted by greater than three units when compared to the pKa values of anthrahydroquinone (AHQ, the reduced form of AQ) in aqueous solution to beyond pH 14. These large changes in the surface pKa values of the modified CNTs are explored further by comparing the pKa values of CNTs modified with an anthraquinonyl-2-carboxylic acid group. These groups are attached to the CNT surface via the formation of an amide bond with an aminophenyl “spacer” unit derived from the chemical reduction of NP modified CNTs. The location of reactive sites on the CNT surface is investigated and their influence on the pKa of the modified materials is discussed. Comparison with modified pyrolytic graphite electrodes exposing pure edge-plane or pure basal-plane crystal faces indicates that the modifying aryl groups are predominantly located on edge-plane like defects at the tube ends of MWCNTs. The effect of polymer formation on electron transfer kinetics of b-MWCNTs and h-MWCNTs is also discussed. In contrast SWCNTs show both significant side-wall functionalisation and fast electron transfer kinetics which is attributed to their different electronic structure.
A Review Of Introductions Of Exotic Oysters And Biological Planning For New Importations (1980)

Importation and transplantation of exotic oysters has probably resulted in the introduction into new areas of more marine invertebrate species than any other of man's activities. Unintentional introductions have resulted from careless movements of oysters without planning or consideration of consequences.
Interaction of kanchanomycin with nucleic acids. II. Optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInteraction of kanchanomycin with nucleic acids. II. Optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroismPaul A. Friedman, Ting-Kai Li, and Irving H. GoldbergCite this: Biochemistry 1969, 8, 4, 1545–1553Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00832a033https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00832a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views48Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
书的死亡 写作兴起——苏格拉底从不动笔(尼采语) (1995)

无论人们对这一标题持何种看法,语言问题从来不是一个简单的问题.目前,就意向、方法、意识形态而论,语言从未象现在这样渗透到最不同的领域,最不同种类话语的世界边缘域.“语言”一词本身在贬值.在人们对语言的把握中,这一切背叛了松懈的词,背离这种廉价诱惑的欲望,或向先锋意识这一方法消极地投降,换句话说,向无知投降,这一切是“语言”贬值效果的证明.“语言”这一符号的膨胀也是符号本身的膨胀,绝对的膨胀,膨胀本身.然而,就语言的某一方面或某一影子而论,语言本身仍旧是符号;这场危机也是一个征兆.语言表明:就语言自身而论,形而上学历史时代好象应该最终确定语言是其问题边缘域的全部.它应该这么做,这不仅因为它期盼的所有愿望是从语言游戏中解脱出来,这种愿望却发现自己重新落入这场游戏之网,而且因为,出于某种原因,语言本身在其生命中受到威胁,无依无靠,随处飘零,不再知道有界线限制.当语言的界线似乎消失之时,当语言不再由似乎超越于自身的无限所指来自我确信、包含和保证时,语言就被带回到它自己的量度.
An image transform approach for HMM based automatic lipreading (2002)

This paper concentrates on the visual front end for hidden Markov model based automatic lipreading. Two approaches for extracting features relevant to lipreading, given image sequences of the speaker's mouth region, are considered: a lip contour based feature approach which first obtains estimates of the speaker's lip contours and subsequently extracts features from them; and an image transform based approach, which obtains a compressed representation of the image pixel values that contain the speaker's mouth. Various possible features are considered in each approach, and experimental results on a number of visual-only recognition tasks are reported. It is shown that the image transform based approach results in superior lipreading performance. In addition, feature mean subtraction is demonstrated to improve the performance in multi-speaker and speaker-independent recognition tasks. Finally, the effects of video degradations to image transform based automatic lipreading are studied. It is shown that lipreading performance dramatically deteriorates below a 10 Hz field rate, and that image transform features are robust to noise and compression artifacts.
Whole Blood Viscosity, Plasma Viscosity and Erythrocyte Aggregation in Nine Mammalian Species: Reference Values and Comparison of Data (2003)

In this study species-specific values for whole blood viscosity (WBV), plasma viscosity (PV) and erythrocyte aggregation (EA) were determined in a total of 360 animals. We used 40 individual adult animals of nine mammalian species: horse, pig, dog, cat, rat, cattle, sheep, rabbit and mouse. WBV measurements were carried out using a LS30 viscometer, PV was measured using OCR-D and EA was measured using a Myrenne aggregometer and the LS30 (aggregation index at low shear rate). At low shear rates (0.7 s(-1) and 2.4 s(-1)) haematocrit (Hct)-standardized (40 % Hct) samples showed a higher value of WBV and EA in horse, pig, dog and cat. In cattle, sheep, rabbit and mouse, EA and WBV were markedly decreased and EA was almost undetectable, although the plasma fibrinogen concentration was higher in these animals. Rats showed the highest WBV at low shear rate in native blood and WBV was not different from horse in Hct-standardized blood; however, EA was very low in the rat, a result that might be explained by mechanical or geometrical properties of the red blood cell. EA correlated with the plasma protein concentration in each species except dog and mouse. In horse, cattle and pig, EA correlated with the plasma fibrinogen concentration. At high shear rate (94 s(-1)), WBV was higher in cattle than cat and rat, and dog had higher values than horse, suggesting specific interspecies differences depending on low shear and high shear values of WBV, as a result of mechanisms that influence RBC flexibility. PV was highest in cattle and lowest in rabbit and mouse and did not correlate with WBV. Haemorheological parameters differed between the species. Each species has its own rheological fingerprint. The physiological significance of these variations among mammalian species has not yet been established. Viscosity contributes to endothelial cell shear stress. While haemorheological parameters differ across the species it may be postulated that factors influencing flow-mediated endothelial cell signal transduction are different among the species.
Vectorization vs. compilation in query execution (2011)

Compiling database queries into executable (sub-) programs provides substantial benefits comparing to traditional interpreted execution. Many of these benefits, such as reduced interpretation overhead, better instruction code locality, and providing opportunities to use SIMD instructions, have previously been provided by redesigning query processors to use a vectorized execution model. In this paper, we try to shed light on the question of how state-of-the-art compilation strategies relate to vectorized execution for analytical database workloads on modern CPUs. For this purpose, we carefully investigate the behavior of vectorized and compiled strategies inside the Ingres VectorWise database system in three use cases: Project, Select and Hash Join. One of the findings is that compilation should always be combined with block-wise query execution. Another contribution is identifying three cases where "loop-compilation" strategies are inferior to vectorized execution. As such, a careful merging of these two strategies is proposed for optimal performance: either by incorporating vectorized execution principles into compiled query plans or using query compilation to create building blocks for vectorized processing.
A study on the heterodinuclear cryptates [LnCuL(DMF)](ClO4)2·MeCN (Ln = Gd, Eu, Tb, Dy, Y) — synthesis, characterization, magnetic and electrochemical properties (2002)

Five heterodinuclear cryptates [LnCuL(DMF)](ClO4)2·MeCN (Ln = Gd, Eu, Tb, Dy, Y) were synthesized (L represents the deprotonated anionic cryptand obtained by condensation of tris(2-aminoethyl)amine with 2,6-diformyl-4-chlorophenol). The ES-MS spectra of five cryptates showed that the Ln(III)–Cu(II) cores are very stable in solution. The crystal structure of [EuCuL(DMF)](ClO4)2 was determined and was compared with those of mono- and hetero-nuclear copper(II) with the same ligand. The Gd(III)–Cu(II) cryptate displayed weaker intramolecular ferromagnetic interactions than the complexes with two phenolate bridges. The E1/2 values of Cu(II)/Cu(I) were influenced by Ln(III) in the cryptates and shifted negatively comparing with free Cu2+. The degree of negative-shift is in the order: Dy > Tb > Gd > Eu.
Study of the pinning behaviour in yttrium-doped Eu-123 superconductors (2000)

The magnetic properties of a series of superconductors (Eu1-xYx)Ba2Cu3O7-y (x = 0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.8) have been investigated by magnetic measurements from 20 to 90 K. Magnetization hysteresis loops of the Y-doped sample exhibit a strongly developed second peak in the higher temperature range. We discuss the experimental results in the framework of a stress-field pinning model. The stress field induced by the lattice mismatch is also an effective pinning centre, in addition to pinning by 211 phase precipitates and oxygen vacancies. We further suggest that in the (Eu1-xYx)Ba2Cu3O7-y samples the oxygen deficient regions induced by the stress field in Cu-O chains also act as pinning centres, thus causing the second peak in the Jc-B curves of (Eu1-xYx)Ba2Cu3O7-y.
High affinity nerve growth factor binding displays a faster rate of association than p140trk binding. Implications for multi-subunit polypeptide receptors. (1994)

Nerve growth factor (NGF) binds to two cell surface receptors, p140trk and p75NGFR, which are both expressed in responsive sensory, sympathetic, and basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. While p140trk belongs to the family of receptor tyrosine kinases, p75NGFR is a member of the TNF/Fas/CD40/CD30 family of receptors. Current views of neurotrophin receptor function have tended to interpret p140trk as the high affinity NGF-binding site. To assess if the binding of NGF to p140trk was distinguishable from binding to high affinity sites on neuronal cells, PC12 cell sublines were generated which expressed p140trk alone, or coexpressed both p140trk and p75NGFR. Kinetic analysis of 125I-NGF binding indicates that it has an unusually slow rate of association with p140trk (k + 1 = 8 x 10(5) M-1 s-1). When both p140trk and p75NGFR receptors are coexpressed, the rate of association of NGF is increased 25-fold to produce a higher affinity binding site. An increase in the rate of internalization was also observed. Since high affinity binding and internalization are believed to be prerequisite for the biological activities of NGF, these results suggest that the biological effects by NGF are derived from a novel kinetic binding site that requires the expression of both receptors. The implications of these results with respect to multisubunit polypeptide receptors are discussed.
Construction and expression of hybrid plasmids containing the structural gene of the Escherichia coli K-12 3-deoxy-2-oxo-D-gluconate transport system (1984)

The kdgT gene of Escherichia coli, which encodes for the 3-deoxy-2-oxo-D-gluconate transport system, was isolated as a ColE1-kdgT hybrid plasmid from the Clarke and Carbon bank. A restriction and genetic map of the min 88 region of the chromosome was established; by subcloning the restriction fragments into the plasmid vector pBR322, the kdgT gene was localized on a 1.4-megadalton PstI DNA fragment, and the direction of transcription of the gene was determined by making use of an in vitro gene fusion between kdgT and lacZ genes. Amplification of the gene product of kdgT was up to 14-fold the level found in a haploid strain. When plasmids bearing kdgT were expressed in an in vivo maxicell system, a specific polypeptide of 28,000 daltons appeared that was found to be associated with the membrane fraction.
Mapping of Human Granulocyte‐Macrophage‐Colony‐Stimulating‐Factor Domains Interacting with the Human Granulocyte‐Macrophage‐Colony‐Stimulating‐Factor‐Receptor α‐Subunit (1994)

The high-affinity granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating-factor (GM-CSF) receptor (R) is composed of at least two subunits, termed alpha and beta. The alpha subunit is crucial for initiating ligand/receptor interaction and for ligand specificity. The experiments reported in this study sought to identify the domains of human (h)GM-CSF which are responsible for interaction with hGM-CSFR alpha. Anti-(human-GM-CSF) mAb were used as competitors in a 125I-GM-CSF receptor-binding assay on cells expressing the recombinant hGM-CSFR alpha chain. Inhibition of 125I-GM-CSF binding to the GM-CSFR alpha chain was demonstrated by mAb which mapped to the middle third of the third alpha helix (amino acids 78-83), the distal two-thirds of the third alpha helix and the initial 7 residues of the loop between the third and fourth helix (amino acids 78-94), and the extreme carboxy terminus. No inhibition of binding occured with an antibody whose domain begins in the first beta-pleated sheet (amino acids, 39-43), continues through the second helix (amino acids 55-64) and into the proximal third of the third helix (to amino acid 77). mAb which mapped to the distal half of the fourth helix and the carboxy-terminal tail (amino acids 110-127) increased the binding of 125I-GM-CSF to GM-CSFR alpha. Due to the known discontinous epitopes the possibility that the distal portion of the fourth helix contributes to binding cannot be eliminated. However, the domains of hGM-CSF most clearly involved in binding to the hGM-CSFR alpha are the distal two-thirds of the third alpha helix, the immediate downstream residues and the extreme carboxy terminus of hGM-CSF.
MRM‐based multiplexed quantitation of 67 putative cardiovascular disease biomarkers in human plasma (2012)

A highly-multiplexed MRM-based assay for determination of cardiovascular disease (CVD) status and disease classification has been developed for clinical research. A high-flow system using ultra-high performance LC and an Agilent 6490 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, equipped with an ion funnel, provided ease of use and increased the robustness of the assay. The assay uses 135 stable isotope-labeled peptide standards for the quantitation of 67 putative biomarkers of CVD in tryptic digests of whole plasma in a 30-min assay. Eighty-five analyses of the same sample showed no loss of sensitivity (<20% CV for 134/135 peptides) and no loss of retention time accuracy (<0.5% CV for all peptides). The maximum linear dynamic range of the MRM assays ranged from 10(3) -10(5) for 106 of the assays. Excellent linear responses (r >0.98) were obtained for 117 of the 135 peptide targets with attomole level limits of quantitation (<20% CV and accuracy 80-120%) for 81 of the 135 peptides. The assay presented in this study is easy to use, robust, sensitive, and has high-throughput capabilities through short analysis time and complete automated sample preparation. It is therefore well suited for CVD biomarker validation and discovery in plasma.
[Some problems of socio-vocational rehabilitation of patients with basic forms of malignant tumors]. (1980)

Based on studying the data of different aspects of rehabilitation in 3441 patients with basic malignancies, the main trends in medical, labour and socio-psychological rehabilitation are delineated. These include the course of general support therapy, sanatory-spar treatment, elaborating the system of training for a new profession, providing the patients with not full-time work, extension of the rights of VTEK/Medical Labour Expertise Commission/for giving one a permission to work though group II invalidism is remained, and also to keep on the sick leave treatment as well as widening of psychotherapeutic measures.
Beam Steering Transmitarray Using Tunable Frequency Selective Surface With Integrated Ferroelectric Varactors (2012)

A tunable frequency selective surface (FSS) with beam steering capability is presented. The FSS is used as a transmitarray with a bandpass characteristic in Ku-band. The periodic sub-wavelength (λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> /25) unit-cells are composed of capacitive and inductive structures creating a bandpass for an incident wave. By patterning the capacitive elements on a screen-printed barium-strontium-titanate (BST) thick-film ceramic, the resonant frequency of the FSS can be tuned. This technology offers a simple and cost effective way for integrating varactors into the FSS and is particularly attractive for microwave circuits with a high varactor density. A prototype is fabricated including two capacitive layers with an overall size of 40 mm × 40 mm. Each layer includes a total of 1600 integrated BST varactors that are fabricated by using a patterning and metallization process. A transmitted wave passing through the FSS will experience a phase shift, which can be tuned by tuning the passband. This allows steering the transmitted wave to a certain direction by applying a phase gradient along the FSS interface. A phase shift range of 360° can be covered by cascading several FSS panels. The prototyped tunable FSS demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed technology and its potential for beam steering.
Steroid sulfatase expression is an independent predictor of recurrence in human breast cancer. (1999)

Steroid sulfatase (STS) hydrolyzes several sulfated steroids such as estrone sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and cholesterol sulfate. In the present study, we have measured STS mRNA levels in 97 breast cancers by reverse transcription-PCR using a fluorescent primer in the presence of an internal standard RNA and evaluated its association with disease-free and overall survival. The median value was 728.0 amol/ng RNA (range, 0-11,778 amol/ng RNA). Levels were significantly higher in tumors demonstrating lymph node metastasis than in those without nodal involvement (P = 0.033) and in patients who experienced a recurrence during the follow-up period (mean, 40.8 months; median, 39 months) compared with those with no evidence of further disease (mean, 49.2 months; median, 48 months; P = 0.029). No significant associations were found between STS mRNA expression and age, menopausal status, tumor size, histological grade, estrogen receptor status, or postoperative adjuvant therapy. High levels of STS mRNA proved to be a significant predictor of reduced relapse-free survival as a continuous variable (log STS mRNA; P = 0.028). As a dichotomous variable with an optimized cutoff point of 1,240 amol/ng RNA, expression was also associated with a significantly shorter relapse-free survival rate (P = 0.002), but no significant correlation was found between the STS mRNA level and overall survival. Expression was found to be an independent factor for predicting relapse-free survival on multivariate analysis. The results thus support a putative role of STS in breast cancer growth and metastasis.
A proposal for maskless, zone-plate-array nanolithography (1996)

We propose a novel form of x-ray projection lithography that: (1) requires no mask, and hence can be considered an x-ray pattern generator; (2) is, in principle, capable of reaching the limits of the lithographic process. The new scheme utilizes an array of Fresnel zone plates, and matrix-addressed micromechanical shutters to turn individual x-ray beamlets on or off in response to commands from a control computer. Zone plate resolution is approximately equal to the minimum zone width, which can approach 10 nm. Zone plates are narrow-band lensing elements: For a diffraction limited focus, the source bandwidth Δλ/λ should be less than or equal to the reciprocal of the number of zones N. An undulator having Nu magnetic sections emits collimated radiation in a bandwidth Δλ/λ=1/Nu. Nu is usually in the range 35–100. We present a system design based on 25 nm lithographic resolution using λ=4.5 nm. For N=100 the zone-plate diameter is 10 μm. Each zone plate of the array would be responsible only for exposure within its ‘‘unit cell.’’ To fill in a full pattern, the stage holding the sample would be scanned in X and Y while the beamlets are multiplexed on and off. A microundulator designed for installation on a commercial compact synchrotron can provide 87 mW within a 2% bandwidth around 4.5 nm in a divergence cone of 0.28 mrad. The calculated efficiency of first-order focus for a zone plate operating at 4.5 nm is 31%, using 130 nm of spent U as the absorber/phase shifter. An exposure rate of ∼1 cm2/s at 25 nm resolution appears feasible.
The Stability Landscape of de novo TIM Barrels Explored by a Modular Design Approach (2021)

The ability to design stable proteins with custom-made functions is a major goal in biochemistry with practical relevance for our environment and society. Understanding and manipulating protein stability provide crucial information on the molecular determinants that modulate structure and stability, and expand the applications of de novo proteins. Since the (β/⍺)<sub>8</sub>-barrel or TIM-barrel fold is one of the most common functional scaffolds, in this work we designed a collection of stable de novo TIM barrels (DeNovoTIMs), using a computational fixed-backbone and modular approach based on improved hydrophobic packing of sTIM11, the first validated de novo TIM barrel, and subjected them to a thorough folding analysis. DeNovoTIMs navigate a region of the stability landscape previously uncharted by natural TIM barrels, with variations spanning 60 degrees in melting temperature and 22 kcal per mol in conformational stability throughout the designs. Significant non-additive or epistatic effects were observed when stabilizing mutations from different regions of the barrel were combined. The molecular basis of epistasis in DeNovoTIMs appears to be related to the extension of the hydrophobic cores. This study is an important step towards the fine-tuned modulation of protein stability by design.
Image Segmentation Methods for Detecting Blood Vessels in Angiography (2006)

Computer-assisted detection and segmentation of blood vessels in angiography are crucial for endovascular treatments and embolization. In this article, I give an overview of the image segmentation methods using the features developed recently at our laboratory. Our current research directions are also highlighted