gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On implementing transforms from integers to integers (2002)

Arbitrary linear transforms are often applied to integer valued data sequences, producing non-integer outputs. In such cases, it is often desirable to approximate the true transform with a non-linear transform producing integer outputs as close as possible to the true transform, while retaining the reversibility property of a transform. This paper proposes a new approach to implement transforms that map integers to integers in a reversible way. The approach aims to develop a reversible implementation that minimizes the average distortion between the integer outputs and the outputs of the true linear transform.
Incorporation of Histone into Liposomes Increases the Efficiency of Liposome-Mediated Gene Transfer. (1991)

We previously constructed novel liposomes for efficient transfection of an entrapped gene into mammalian cells [Koshizaka, T., Hayashi, Y., and Yagi, K. (1990) J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr., 7, 185-192]. By encapsulation of histone, a nuclear protein, into the above liposomes at a histone/DNA ratio (w/w) of 0.2, the expression in COS-1 cells of β-galactosidase activity by the plasmid pCH110, which contains the lacZ gene under the control of the SV40 early promoter, was found to be increased by -50%. The increased expression efficiency seems to be due to the efficient transfer of the plasmid to the nucleus after its incorporation into the cells, probably through the protection of the DNA by its binding with histone and/or accelerated transfer of the DNA to the nucleus by this protien.
miR-122 – A key factor and therapeutic target in liver disease (2014)

Being the largest internal organ of the human body with the unique ability of self-regeneration, the liver is involved in a wide variety of vital functions that require highly orchestrated and controlled biochemical processes. Increasing evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) are essential for the regulation of liver development, regeneration and metabolic functions. Hence, alterations in intrahepatic miRNA networks have been associated with liver disease including hepatitis, steatosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). miR-122 is the most frequent miRNA in the adult liver, and a central player in liver biology and disease. Furthermore, miR-122 has been shown to be an essential host factor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and an antiviral target, complementary to the standard of care using direct-acting antivirals or interferon-based treatment. This review summarizes our current understanding of the key role of miR-122 in liver physiology and disease, highlighting its role in HCC and viral hepatitis. We also discuss the perspectives of miRNA-based therapeutic approaches for viral hepatitis and liver disease.
Myelin Regeneration: A Recapitulation of Development? (2011)

The developmental process of myelination and the adult regenerative process of remyelination share the common objective of investing nerve axons with myelin sheaths. A central question in myelin biology is the extent to which the mechanisms of these two processes are conserved, a concept encapsulated in the recapitulation hypothesis of remyelination. This question also has relevance for translating myelin biology into a better understanding of and eventual treatments for human myelin disorders. Here we review the current evidence for the recapitulation hypothesis and discuss recent findings in the development and regeneration of myelin in the context of human neurological disease.
Ovenized and thermally tunable aluminum nitride microresonators (2010)

Frequency tuning of aluminum nitride (AlN) microresonators has been demonstrated via localized heating (ovenization) of the resonator. Specifically, piezoelectrically driven 625 MHz microresonators were heated by embedded joule heaters in vacuum. A temperature increase of 135°C was achieved with only 2.8 mW of power consumption. This increase corresponds to ~4500ppm of frequency shift. To minimize heat loss, the devices were suspended from the substrate by high thermal isolation beam type supports. The beams exhibit very high thermal resistance, not only due to their high length to cross-sectional area ratio, but also because they are made of thin-film deposited polycrystalline aluminum nitride. Thin AlN films have been shown to have thermal conductivities that are much lower than that measured in bulk materials. The availability of a power efficient frequency tuning method in aluminum nitride microresonators enables low power ovenization of AlN MEMS-based timing devices and tunable filtering for communication systems.
Cloning of the cDNA encoding the large subunit of human RNase HI, a homologue of the prokaryotic RNase HII (1998)

Two RNases H of mammalian tissues have been described: RNase HI, the activity of which was found to rise during DNA replication, and RNase HII, which may be involved in transcription. RNase HI is the major mammalian enzyme representing around 85% of the total RNase H activity in the cell. By using highly purified calf thymus RNase HI we identified the sequences of several tryptic peptides. This information enabled us to determine the sequence of the cDNA coding for the large subunit of human RNase HI. The corresponding ORF of 897 nt defines a polypeptide of relative molecular mass of 33,367, which is in agreement with the molecular mass obtained earlier by SDS/PAGE. Expression of the cloned ORF in Escherichia coli leads to a polypeptide, which is specifically recognized by an antiserum raised against calf thymus RNase HI. Interestingly, the deduced amino acid sequence of this subunit of human RNase HI displays significant homology to RNase HII from E. coli, an enzyme of unknown function and previously judged as a minor activity. This finding suggests an evolutionary link between the mammalian RNases HI and the prokaryotic RNases HII. The idea of a mammalian RNase HI large subunit being a strongly conserved protein is substantiated by the existence of homologous ORFs in the genomes of other eukaryotes and of all eubacteria and archaebacteria that have been completely sequenced.
Dopamine Synthesis, Uptake, Metabolism, and Receptors: Relevance to Gene Therapy of Parkinson's Disease (1997)

This article gives a brief overview of the current understanding of the life cycle of the dopamine molecule, covering dopamine synthesis, storage, release, receptor and autoreceptor interactions, and reuptake. Special consideration is given to biochemical changes that occur in the nigrostriatal dopamine system in Parkinson's disease and how gene therapy may provide a new strategy for reversing parkinsonian biochemical deficits.
Determination of Organic Reaction Mechanisms (1984)

Philosophy. Isotopic Labeling. Chirality and Stereochemistry. Kinetics. Isotope Effects. Mechanisms of Acid--Base Reactions. Interpretation of Activation Parameters. Direct Detection of Reactive Intermediates. Detailed Case Histories. Appendixes. Index.
In vitro activities of and mechanisms of resistance to antifol antimalarial drugs (1985)

Certain drugs that interfere with folate metabolism (sulfones, sulfonamides, and inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase) play an important role in the chemotherapy and prophylaxis of malaria. The activities and mechanisms of action of these drugs are regarded as similar in most respects to their activities against procaryotic microorganisms. Believed incapable of utilizing intact exogenous folates, plasmodia have been regarded as dependent on de novo synthesis of required folate cofactors. The present investigation, conducted in pursuit of a method for testing the in vitro susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum to antifol antimalarial drugs, produced evidence that earlier assumptions about the folate metabolism of this organism are not correct. Three of four isolates of P. falciparum were successfully maintained in a culture medium depleted of folic acid and p-aminobenzoic acid. The antimalarial activities of sulfonamides and dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors were, furthermore, variably antagonized by the presence of folic acid and p-aminobenzoic acid in the culture medium. Optimum conditions for assessment of antifol antimalarial activity in vitro therefore require precise control of these factors in the culture medium. Our results suggest that resistance to antifol antimalarial drugs involves a complex of factors related to both the de novo synthesis of active folate cofactors and the ability to utilize exogenous intact folates in various forms.
Cloning and functional characterization of a family of human and mouse somatostatin receptors expressed in brain, gastrointestinal tract, and kidney. (1992)

Somatostatin is a tetradecapeptide that is widely distributed in the body. It acts on multiple organs including brain, pituitary, gut, exocrine and endocrine pancreas, adrenals, thyroid, and kidneys to inhibit release of many hormones and other secretory proteins. In addition, it functions as a neuropeptide affecting the electrical activity of neurons. Somatostatin exerts its biological effects by binding to specific high-affinity receptors, which appear in many cases to be coupled to GTP-binding proteins. Here we report the cloning, functional expression, and tissue distribution of two different somatostatin receptors (SSTRs). SSTR1 and SSTR2 contain 391 and 369 amino acids, respectively, and are members of the superfamily of receptors having seven transmembrane segments. There is 46% identity and 70% similarity between the amino acid sequences of SSTR1 and SSTR2. Stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing SSTR1 or SSTR2 exhibit specific somatostatin binding, with an apparently higher affinity for somatostatin-14 than somatostatin-28, and NH2-terminally extended form of somatostatin-14. RNA blotting studies show that SSTR1 and SSTR2 are expressed at highest levels in jejunum and stomach and in cerebrum and kidney, respectively. A SSTR1 probe hybridized to multiple DNA fragments in EcoRI digests of human and mouse DNA, indicating that SSTR1 and SSTR2 are members of a larger family of somatostatin receptors. Thus, the biological effects of somatostatin are mediated by a family of receptors that are expressed in a tissue-specific manner.
Supervised Classification of Power Lines from Airborne LiDAR Data in Urban Areas (2017)

Automatic extraction of power lines using airborne LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data has been one of the most important topics for electric power management. However, this is very challenging over complex urban areas, where power lines are in close proximity to buildings and trees. In this paper, we presented a new, semi-automated and versatile framework that consists of four steps: (i) power line candidate point filtering, (ii) local neighborhood selection, (iii) spatial structural feature extraction, and (iv) SVM classification. We introduced the power line corridor direction for candidate point filtering and multi-scale slant cylindrical neighborhood for spatial structural features extraction. In a detailed evaluation involving seven scales and four types for local neighborhood selection, 26 structural features, and two datasets, we demonstrated that the use of multi-scale slant cylindrical neighborhood for individual 3D points significantly improved the power line classification. The experiments indicated that precision, recall and quality rate of power line classification is more than 98%, 98% and 97%, respectively. Additionally, we showed that our approach can reduce the whole processing time while achieving high accuracy.
Comparative analysis of the in vivo radioprotective effects of recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), recombinant granulocyte-macrophage CSF, and their combination (1991)

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and compare the in vivo radioprotective effects of pre-total body irradiation (TBI) conditioning with recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG- CSF) and recombinant granulocyte-macrophage CSF (rGM-CSF) in a large series of lethally and supralethally irradiated mice. Also analyzed were the radioprotective effects of simultaneous as well as sequential combinations of rG-CSF and rGM-CSF. Our findings in 1,180 mice provide direct evidence that in vivo administration of rG-CSF or rGM-CSF before TBI protects a significant fraction of mice from the lethal effects of LD100/30 TBI. At equivalent doses, rG-CSF displayed a more potent radioprotective activity than rGM-CSF. Not only was rG-CSF radioprotective at much smaller doses than rGM-CSF, the survival rate after lethal TBI was also significantly higher in mice receiving optimally radioprotective doses of rG-CSF as compared with mice receiving optimally radioprotective doses of rGM-CSF. Pretreatment of mice with rGM-CSF markedly attenuated the radioprotective affects of rG- CSF in lethally as well as supralethally irradiated mice. Pretreatment with rG-CSF followed by rGM-CSF was slightly more effective than rG-CSF alone in supralethally irradiated mice but not in lethally irradiated mice. Notably, marked differences among different strains of mice were noted regarding the optimally radioprotective doses of rG-CSF or rGM- CSF as well as probability of survival and median survival time after lethal or supralethal TBI. This report confirms and extends previous studies concerning the potential of cytokines in prevention or therapy of lethal radiation injury.
Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis (2011)

»Viele Schrecknisse gerieten in Vergessenheit. Viele Schrecknisse (Schandtaten) hatten keine Zeugen. Viele Schrecknisse waren derart, daß ihre Darstellung keinen Glauben fand. Aber sie sollen in der Erinnerung leben bleiben.« Oskar Rosenfeld schrieb diese Zeilen im Mai 1942 angesichts der Deportation von Juden aus dem Getto Litzmannstadt (Lodz) in das Vernichtungslager Kulmhof (Chelmno) in sein Tagebuch. Zahlreiche Juden hielten das Erlebte fest, damit Leben und Sterben im Getto nicht in Vergessenheit geraten würden. Die jüdische Gettoverwaltung richtete sogar ein Archiv ein, um diese Aufzeichnungen zu sammeln.
Neurosurgical Procedures in a 0.5 Tesla, Open-Configuration Intraoperative MRI: Planning, Visualization, And Navigation (2001)

this paper the design, advantages, limitations and current applications, (i.e., biopsies, craniotomies, and interstitial laser therapy) are discussed with emphasis on the integration of imaging into the procedures. Furthermore we introduce our integrated software platform for intraoperative visualization and navigation, the 3D Slicer
Enhancing fMRI contrast in awake-behaving primates using intravascular magnetite dextran nanopartieles (2001)

Functional MRI in awake-behaving primates is an emerging tool for bridging the gap between human fMRI and neurophysiology information from nonhuman primates. We report the use of magnetite dextran nanoparticles (Feridex) as a blood-pool agent to enhance fMRI contrast-to-noise (CNR) in primate FMRI. The intravascular half-life of the magnetite dextran was long compared to lanthanide chelates (T(1/2) = 198 min) with shortened T(2) relaxation observed in blood and cerebral cortex. Greater than 3-fold enhancement in the percentage MR signal change was observed using nanoparticles (13%) compared with conventional BOLD fMRI (4%). The calculated regional cerebral blood volume in macaque primary visual cortex increased 32% with photic stimulation. The increased CNR allows greater flexibility in the design of awake-behaving primate fMRI studies with the potential for improvements in resolution and significantly shortened imaging times.
Transmission bandpass guided-mode resonance filters (1995)

It is shown that the guided-mode resonance effects associated with waveguide gratings can be used to realize transmission bandpass filters. The key idea is the integration of the resonant waveguide gratings into a dielectric multilayer structure that efficiently reflects the off-resonance spectral components while passing the resonant part. This concept is applied to design multilayer transmission bandpass filters with high efficiency, narrow linewidth, symmetrical response, and low sidebands.
Highly sequence-selective photoreaction of 5-bromouracil-containing deoxyhexanucleotides (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHighly sequence-selective photoreaction of 5-bromouracil-containing deoxyhexanucleotidesHiroshi Sugiyama, Yasushi Tsutsumi, and Isao SaitoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 18, 6720–6721Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00174a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00174a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views403Altmetric-Citations127LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A dual function of the CRISPR–Cas system in bacterial antivirus immunity and DNA repair (2010)

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPRs) and the associated proteins (Cas) comprise a system of adaptive immunity against viruses and plasmids in prokaryotes. Cas1 is a CRISPR-associated protein that is common to all CRISPR-containing prokaryotes but its function remains obscure. Here we show that the purified Cas1 protein of Escherichia coli (YgbT) exhibits nuclease activity against single-stranded and branched DNAs including Holliday junctions, replication forks and 5'-flaps. The crystal structure of YgbT and site-directed mutagenesis have revealed the potential active site. Genome-wide screens show that YgbT physically and genetically interacts with key components of DNA repair systems, including recB, recC and ruvB. Consistent with these findings, the ygbT deletion strain showed increased sensitivity to DNA damage and impaired chromosomal segregation. Similar phenotypes were observed in strains with deletion of CRISPR clusters, suggesting that the function of YgbT in repair involves interaction with the CRISPRs. These results show that YgbT belongs to a novel, structurally distinct family of nucleases acting on branched DNAs and suggest that, in addition to antiviral immunity, at least some components of the CRISPR-Cas system have a function in DNA repair.
Relationship between the Composition of Polymer of n-Alkyl Substituted Acrylate and Vinyl Amine and Their Performance on Pour Point Depression (2005)

Polymer of n-alkyl substituted acrylate (PA) with the alkyl side chains C16- 30 were synthesized.Their crystallinity, solubility and effect on pour point depression were studied. Results showed that only carbon atoms located far away from polar groups of PA pour point depressants participated in crystallization.When the number of carbon atoms that participated in crystallization is about three fourths of the average carbon number of wax in crude, the effect of PA is the best. The molecular weight distribution of PA pour point depressant has little influence on the effect of pour point depression, and the average molecular weight of PA in the range of (1.5- 2.2)× 104 shows the best effect. The introduction of polar groups into the molecule of PA can improve its performance. However, a too high content of polar groups in PA would cause deterioration, and even lead to loss of PA's performance for pour point depression.
The effects of noise on ultrashort optical pulse measurement using SPIDER (2000)

We have examined the effects of noise on pulse reconstruction using Spectral Phase Interferometry for Direct Electric-field Reconstruction, and identified optimal parameters for highfidelity ultrashort pulse characterization in the presence of noise.
Characterization of a new monoclonal antibody (TR-19) against human transferrin receptor and its application in topographic study. (1991)

A new monoclonal antibody TR-19 (IgG2a) directed to the human transferrin receptor (CD71) was prepared after immunization of BALB/c mice with human non-T, non-B ALL cell line REH-6. This monoclonal antibody (mAb) reacted in immunofluorescence with all human cell lines tested. The reactivity with human peripheral blood leukocytes was observed only after stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The protein precipitated by mAb TR-19 has an apparent molecular weight of 180 kDa under nonreducing and 90 kDa under reducing conditions. Sequential immunoprecipitation showed that mAb TR-19 recognizes the same antigen as the reference anti-transferrin receptor mAb OKT9. The mAb TR-19 coprecipitates the radioiodinated transferrin as a complex with its receptor. The mAb TR-19 with other three mAbs (OKT9, 5E9 and MEM-75) was used in the topographic study of the transferrin receptor. By competitive binding radioimmunoassay it was found that these mAbs recognize two distinct antigenic sites: One is specified by mAbs TR-19 and OKT9 and the second by mAbs 5E9 and MEM-75.
Selenoperoxidase-mediated cytoprotection against merocyanine 540-sensitized photoperoxidation and photokilling of leukemia cells. (1992)

Photodynamic therapy with the lipophilic sensitizing dye merocyanine 540 (MC540) is a promising new approach for extracorporeal purging of neoplastic cells from autologous remission bone marrow grafts. Resistance-conferring cellular defenses against the cytotoxic effects of MC540/photodynamic therapy have not been well characterized. This study focuses on the cytoprotective effects of the glutathione-dependent selenoperoxidases GPX and PHGPX, which can detoxify a wide variety of hydroperoxides, including lipid-derived species (LOOHs). Murine leukemia L1210 cells were grown in 1% serum media without [L.Se(-)] and with [L.Se(+)] selenium supplementation. L.Se(-) cells expressed 10- to 20-fold lower GPX and PHGPX activities than L.Se(+) controls and were markedly more sensitive to MC540-mediated photoperoxidation (LOOH formation) and clonally assessed photokilling. Susceptibility of L.Se(-) cells to photoperoxidation and photokilling could be fully reversed to L.Se(+) levels by replenishing Se, and partially reversed by treating with Ebselen, a selenoperoxidase mimetic. Altered lipid composition, greater uptake of MC540, and defective catabolism of H2O2 were all ruled out as possible factors in the elevated photosensitivity of L.Se(-) cells. Human leukemia K562 cells (capable of expressing PHGPX but not GPX) exhibited 5- to 10-fold lower PHGPX activity under Se-deficient relative to Se-sufficient conditions. Although MC540 uptake (nmol/mg lipid) by K562 and L1210 cells was essentially the same, the former were more resistant to photoinactivation. However, like murine counterparts, Se-deficient cells were more susceptible to photoperoxidation and photokilling than Se-sufficient controls. These results clearly demonstrate that GPX and/or PHGPX in L1210 cells and PHGPX in K562 cells play an important cytoprotective role during photooxidative stress. Whether membrane damage due to lipid photoperoxidation is causally related to cell death is not certain; however, the parallel effects of Se deficiency on LOOH formation and cell killing are at least consistent with this possibility.