gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Truncated erythropoietin receptor causes dominantly inherited benign human erythrocytosis. (1993)

Erythropoietin regulates the proliferation and differentiation of erythroid precursor cells. Its effect is mediated by the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR), a member of a large family of cytokine receptors. The EPOR gene has recently been cloned, sequenced, and characterized. As shown experimentally, its intracellular C-terminal part contains a domain exerting negative control on erythropoiesis. Here we describe a G to A transition in nucleotide 6002 of the EPOR gene that converts a TGG codon for tryptophan into a TAG stop codon, predicting the truncation of the 70 C-terminal amino acids of the EPOR molecule. The mutation occurs in heterozygous form in the germ-line DNA of members of a large kindred in which primary erythrocytosis is segregating as a mild autosomal dominant trait. The mutation cosegregates with the disease phenotype in all 29 affected family members studied; it occurs in no unaffected family members or unrelated controls. This appears to be an example of a human condition caused by an EPOR mutation. Striking similarities exist between the human phenotype described here and phenotypes of cell lines expressing similarly truncated EPOR molecules produced experimentally. By analogy with these in vitro studies, one can hypothesize that the truncated EPOR molecules are activated by suppression of phosphorylation leading to loss of the down-modulation exerted by intact EPOR molecules. Experimental modifications of the EPOR gene may eventually have therapeutic applications.
Shape and motion under varying illumination: unifying structure from motion, photometric stereo, and multiview stereo (2003)

We present an algorithm for computing optical flow, shape, motion, lighting, and albedo from an image sequence of a rigidly-moving Lambertian object under distant illumination. The problem is formulated in a manner that subsumes structure from motion, multiview stereo, and photometric stereo as special cases. The algorithm utilizes both spatial and temporal intensity variation as cues: the former constrains flow and the latter constrains surface orientation; combining both cues enables dense reconstruction of both textured and textureless surfaces. The algorithm works by iteratively estimating affine camera parameters, illumination, shape, and albedo in an alternating fashion. Results are demonstrated on videos of hand-held objects moving in front of a fixed light and camera.
Treatment of HIV/AIDS in the Nursing Home: Variations in Rural and Urban Long-term Care Settings (2004)

A vast majority of nursing homes in the United States do not provide any specialty areas for HIV/AIDS care. As our population ages and the life span of those diagnosed with HIV/AIDS continues to increase, nursing homes will begin to see patients diagnosed with HIV/ AIDS among those seeking care.
Synthesis of Retiferol RAD1 and RAD2, the Lead Representatives of a New Class of des-CD Analogs of Cholecalciferol (1995)

The design and total convergent synthesis are described for the leading representatives of the new class of analogs of cholecalciferol with the CD-ring system replaced with a two-carbon aliphatic spacer. The leading representatives of C21 retiferols (RAD1 and RAD2) were obtained from a ring fragment derived from vitamin D and a chain fragment obtained from S-(−)-β-citronellol.
Direction to improve SiGe BiCMOS technology featuring 200-GHz SiGe HBT and 80-nm gate CMOS (2004)

200 GHz f/sub T/ SiGe HBTs and 80 nm gate CMOS were successfully integrated using the LP-CVD technique for selective SiGe epitaxial growth. Suppressing base resistance enabled us to achieve f/sub MAX/ of 227 GHz, corresponding to f/sub T/ of 201 GHz. Shrunk HBTs of A/sub E/=0.15/spl times/0.7 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ achieved ECL ring oscillator gate delay of 5.3 ps at Ics=1.2 mA. Self-heating effects on junction temperature and device performance were investigated with an emitter-width scaling effect. A low thermal budget HBT process sustains full compatibility with 0.13 /spl mu/m platforms for large scaled RF ICs.
The molecular replacement method (1990)

Molecular replacement can be used for obtaining approximate phasing of an unknown structure from a known related molecule and for phase improvement as well as extension in the presence of noncrystallographic symmetry. Emphasis is placed on the latter procedure. It is shown that the real-space method of iterative electron density averaging and Fourier back transformation corresponds to iterative phase substitution in the right-hand side of expressions to give a set of improved phases. Analysis of these expressions (the 'molecular replacement equations') provides insight into the limits of possible phase extension, and the implications for the use of calculated structure factors when there are no observed amplitudes. It is shown that the percentage of observed data and inaccuracy of the observed amplitudes available for phase extension are compensated by the extent of noncrystallographic redundancy and the fraction of crystal cell volume that may be flattened because it is outside the control of noncrystallographic symmetry.
A study on detection of serum fasting total bile acid and choloyglycin in neonate for cholestasis. (1996)

Enzyme-linked colorimetric analysis and radioimmunoassay were employed to detect serum fasting total bile acids (FBA) and choloyglycin (CG) respectively in cases of 32 neonatal hepatitis, 33 cases of neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and 34 cases of breast milk jaundice (BMJ). FBA and CG in acute period of neonatal hepatitis were obviously elevated and decreased gradually in convalescent and recovered period. The difference was significant for each stage as compared with controls. Acute FBA correlated strongly with the course. Both neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and BMJ differed significantly from controls in FBA and CG. The results suggested that serum FBA and CG were helpful in judging the course and state of neonatal hepatitis, and cholestasis might existed in neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.
Chronic Daily Headache Prophylaxis With Tizanidine: A Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled, Multicenter Outcome Study (2002)

The results support tizanidine as an effective prophylactic adjunct for chronic daily headache, including migraine, migrainous headache, and tension-type headache. These results also suggest the possible importance of an alpha2-adrenergic mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of this spectrum of headache disorders.
Light-oxygen effect in cells and its potential applications in tumour therapy (review) (1999)

The light-oxygen effect (POE) represents damage (and at low optical doses, activation) of cells by photogeneration of molecular singlet oxygen from O2 dissolved in cells, in accordance with the reaction: 3O2+hν→1O2→ biological effect. The phases of evolution of the LOE are similar to the phases, observed in cell experiments, of the photodynamic effect (PDE) the mechanism of which is the basis of the familiar method of photodynamic cancer therapy. The reported proofs of the occurrence of the LOE are in the form of detailed spectra of the biological action of optical radiation on cells recorded in four spectral intervals with the aid of tunable lasers. Allowances are made for the relationships governing a new type of cell excitation, associated with reversible structural transitions in the biomembrane. A demonstration is reported of the same efficiency of cw and pulsed irradiation. An analysis is made of the reasons why the optical doses initiating the PDE and the LOE are comparable. The results are given of the first experimental applications of the LOE in tumour therapy. Identification of the primary photoacceptor (O2) in cell biostimulation and photodestruction provides a scientific basis for the development of low-intensity laser light-oxygen cancer therapy methods.
Process Development of the PDE IV Inhibitor 3-(Cyclopentyloxy)-N-(3,5-dichloropyrid-4-yl)-4-methoxybenzamide (1998)

Development of an industrial process for 3-(cyclopentyloxy)-N-(3,5-dichloropyrid-4-yl)-4-methoxybenzamide, a potent PDE IV type inhibitor, is described. The rapid identification of scalable reaction conditions allowed pilot-scale synthesis of kilogramme quantities for early clinical evaluation. However, as more compound was demanded, better reaction conditions were required in the interests of safety, economics, and environmental impact. This led to the derivation of a high-yielding and very robust procedure which included various safeguards to ensure that high-quality product was obtained and that new trace impurities were effectively removed. The large-scale oxidation of a benzaldehyde derivative to the corresponding benzoic acid using hydrogen peroxide under aqueous alkaline conditions is described.
[Somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) to posterior tibial nerve stimulation in children with cerebral palsy]. (1999)

We investigated the possible usefulness of SEP to the posterior tibial nerve in children with cerebral palsy. Sixty-four children with cerebral palsy, aged between 6 months to 20 years, were studied. Twelve patients had hemiplegia (H), 24 spastic diplegia who were able to walk (SDW), 17 spastic diplegia who were impossible to walk (SDNW) and 11 spastic quadriplegia (SQ), respectively. We also studied with 40 normal controls. Informed consent was obtained from subjects and parents. A significant difference was found in an appearance rate of P37 between the control and cerebral palsy groups. Absent and shortening of P37 were recognized in 10 among 18 recordings in the paralytic side of patients with hemiplegia. The central conduction time was shortened gradually with age in the control group. There was difference in the central conduction velocity between SDW, SDNW or SQ. These results suggested that P37 was the first cortical response, and that it was useful for the diagnosis of cause of paralysis.
Octree Generating Networks: Efficient Convolutional Architectures for High-resolution 3D Outputs (2017)

We present a deep convolutional decoder architecture that can generate volumetric 3D outputs in a compute- and memory-efficient manner by using an octree representation. The network learns to predict both the structure of the octree, and the occupancy values of individual cells. This makes it a particularly valuable technique for generating 3D shapes. In contrast to standard decoders acting on regular voxel grids, the architecture does not have cubic complexity. This allows representing much higher resolution outputs with a limited memory budget. We demonstrate this in several application domains, including 3D convolutional autoencoders, generation of objects and whole scenes from high-level representations, and shape from a single image.
The Capsule and S-Layer: Two Independent and Yet Compatible Macromolecular Structures in Bacillus anthracis (1998)

Bacillus anthracis, the etiological agent of anthrax, is a gram-positive spore-forming bacterium. Fully virulent bacilli are toxinogenic and capsulated. Two abundant surface proteins, including the major antigen, are components of the B. anthracis surface layer (S-layer). The B. anthracis paracrystalline S-layer has previously only been found in noncapsulated vegetative cells. Here we report that the S-layer proteins are also synthesized under conditions where the poly-gamma-D-glutamic acid capsule is present. Structural and immunological analyses show that the capsule is exterior to and completely covers the S-layer proteins. Nevertheless, analysis of single and double S-layer protein mutants shows that the presence of these proteins is not required for normal capsulation of the bacilli. Similarly, the S-layer proteins assemble as a two-dimensional crystal, even in the presence of the capsule. Thus, both structures are compatible, and yet neither is required for the correct formation of the other.
Ligand-induced internalization of the epidermal growth factor receptor is mediated by multiple endocytic codes analogous to the tyrosine motif found in constitutively internalized receptors. (1993)

Ligand-induced internalization of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors via a high affinity saturable pathway requires sequences located in the carboxyl terminus distal to the tyrosine kinase domain. Three regions were found to contain endocytic motifs as defined by their ability to restore internalization function to EGF receptors truncated at the distal border of the kinase domain at residue 958. Deletional analysis identified the sequence 996QQGFF as essential for function of the region encompassing residues 993-1022. QQGFF and the deduced sequence of the region encompassing residues 973-991 (973FYRAL) could effectively replace the endogenous endocytic code of the transferrin receptor (YTRF). FYRAL and YTRF were less active than QQGFF when substituted into region 993-1022 of the EGF receptor, but a synthetic sequence (NNAYF), predicted to have structural features of a tight turn, effectively replaced QQGFF for EGF receptor internalization. Whereas EGF receptor sequences functioned effectively in the transferrin receptor, function of these sequences in the EGF receptor was strictly dependent on intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity as demonstrated kinetically and by immunofluorescence using semithin cryosections. Ligand-dependent endocytosis and down-regulation of the EGF receptor thus require multiple sequence motifs that are exchangeable between ligand-dependent and -independent receptors, but that require intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity for function in the context of the EGF receptor.
The Influence of Anti–tumor Necrosis Factor Agents on Hemoglobin Levels of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2015)

Anemia remains a significant manifestation of IBD 1 year after treatment with anti-TNF agents.
SWIFT: USING DISTRIBUTED DISK STRIPING TO PROVIDE HIGH I/O DATA RATES (1991)

We present an I/O architecture, called Swift, that addresses the problem of data rate mismatches between the requirements of an application, storage devices, and the interconnection medium. The goal of Swift is to support high data rates in general purpose distributed systems. Swift uses a high-speed interconnection medium to provide high data rate transfers by using multiple slower storage devices in parallel. It scales well when using multiple storage devices and interconnec-tions, and can use any appropriate storage technology, including high-performance devices such as disk arrays. To address the problem of partial failures, Swift stores data redundantly. Using the UNIX operating system, we have constructed a simplified prototype of the Swift architec-ture. The prototype provides data rates that are significantly faster than access to the local SCSI disk, limited by the capacity of a single Ethernet segment, or in the case of multiple Ethernet segments by the ability of the client to drive them. We have constructed a simulation model to demonstrate how the Swift architecture can exploit ad-vances in processor, communication and storage technology. We consider the effects of processor speed, interconnection capacity, and multiple storage agents on the utilization of the components and the data rate of the system. We show that the data rates scale well in the number of storage devices, and that by replacing the most highly stressed components by more powerful ones the data rates of the entire system increase significantly.
Carotid Body Detection on CT Angiography (2011)

An ovoid avidly enhancing structure at the inferomedial aspect of the carotid bifurcation within the above range should be considered a normal carotid body. When the carotid body measures >6 mm, a small carotid body paraganglioma should be suspected and further evaluated.
Shaper-assisted collinear SPIDER: fast and simple broadband pulse compression in nonlinear microscopy (2007)

In situ characterization and control of the phase of broadband femtosecond pulses in microscopy can be achieved with a novel simplified scheme based on spectral shear interferometry for direct electric field reconstruction (SPIDER): the use of a femtosecond pulse shaper eliminates the need for an interferometer setup, allows dispersion-free SPIDER operation and at the same time compression even of complex pulses. Beyond compression, the scheme allows precise phase control at the site of the microscopic experiment. We present the underlying principles, design considerations, and details of the experimental implementation, and show the successful operation of the shaper-assisted collinear (SAC) SPIDER to characterize, compress, and tailor broadband femtosecond pulses in situ. The reliability is demonstrated by comparison with independent cross-frequency-resolved optical gating measurement, and improved multiphoton imaging with SAC-SPIDER-compressed pulses is shown. Its simplicity and versatility make SAC-SPIDER an extremely useful tool for next-generation broadband nonlinear microscopy.
Use of subatmospheric pressure to prevent doxorubicin extravasation ulcers in a swine model (1999)

Application of subatmospheric pressure to sites injected with doxorubicin prevented ulcer formation in treated sites (0 ulcers/16 sites) compared to control wounds (10 ulcers/16 sites) in a pig model. Background and Objectives Extravasation of doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin) frequently causes chronic ulcers, which usually progress and expose underlying structures such as tendons and bone. The exact mechanism of action that causes cell death and the chronic ulcers is unknown. Methods Eight sites were injected intradermally with doxorubicin on each of 4 pigs. Four sites on each animal served as untreated controls. The remaining four sites were exposed to 125 mm Hg subatmospheric pressure applied 1 h after injection. The sites were observed on a three times per week schedule. Sites that did not develop ulcers were re-injected up to a total of four injections. The animals were observed for 5 weeks. Results Ten of sixteen control sites developed ulcers. No subatmospheric pressure treated sites developed ulcers. The incidence of ulcer formation was significantly less for treated wounds compared to control wounds at P < 0.001 by Fisher's exact test. Conclusions This physical modality appears to successfully prevent ulcer formation after doxorubicin injection. J. Surg. Oncol. 1999;72:14–17. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
CD4+ cytolytic T cell clone confers protection against murine malaria. (1990)

A CD4+ T cell clone (A1.6) was derived from spleen cells of mice immunized with irradiated sporozoites. This T cell clone recognizes an antigen that is shared by sporozoites and blood forms of Plasmodium berghei and differs from the circumsporozoite protein. Clone A1.6 displays cytotoxic activity, produces IFN-gamma and IL-2 in vitro, and recognizes the plasmodial antigen in the context of the class II I-Ed molecule. Passive transfer of this CD4+ clone into naive mice resulted in a high degree of protection against sporozoite challenge.
2-Nitrophenyl Isocyanide as a Versatile Convertible Isocyanide: Rapid Access to a Fused γ-Lactam β-Lactone Bicycle (2008)

2-Nitrophenyl isocyanide is introduced as a convertible isocyanide with demonstration of its feasibility and applicability in an efficient synthesis of the fused gamma-lactam beta-lactone bicycle of proteasome inhibitor omuralide. Starting from a linear keto acid precursor, the fused gamma-lactam beta-lactone bicycle was prepared in four steps by a sequential biscyclization strategy; a stereocontrolled Ugi reaction and the concomitant direct beta-lactonization following the formation of an N-acylbenzotriazole intermediate. The N-acylbenzotriazole is amenable to intra- or intermolecular attack from a variety of nucleophiles with a catalytic amount of base to form the pyroglutamic acid derivatives.
Inflammation and immunity in diabetic vascular complications (2008)

There are many similarities between the autoimmune responses against oxidized LDL and proteins modified by glycation. The role of autoimmune responses against modified self-antigens in the development of diabetic vascular complications represents a relatively unexplored concept that potentially could provide significant new mechanistic insight into the underlying disease process and identify novel targets for intervention.
Nonfarnesylated tetrapeptide inhibitors of protein farnesyltransferase (1991)

The protein farnesyltransferase from rat brain was previously shown to be inhibited competitively by tetrapeptides that conform to the consensus Cys-A1-A2-X, where A1 and A2 are aliphatic amino acids and X is methionine, serine, or phenylalanine. In the current studies we use a thin layer chromatography assay to show that most of these tetrapeptides are themselves farnesylated by the purified enzyme. Two classes of tetrapeptides are not farnesylated and therefore act as true inhibitors: 1) those that contain an aromatic residue at the A2 position and 2) those that contain penicillamine (beta,beta-dimethylcysteine) in place of cysteine. The most potent of these pure inhibitors was Cys-Val-Phe-Met, which inhibited farnesyltransferase activity by 50% at less than 0.1 microM. These data indicate that the inclusion of bulky aromatic or methyl residues in a tetrapeptide can abolish prenyl group transfer without blocking binding to the enzyme. This information should be useful in the design of peptides or peptidomimetics that inhibit farnesylation and thus block the action of p21ras proteins in animal cells.
Iron-Catalyzed Amide Formation from the Dehydrogenative Coupling of Alcohols and Secondary Amines (2017)

The five-coordinate iron(II) hydride complex (iPrPNP)Fe(H)(CO) (iPrPNP = N[CH2CH2(PiPr2)]2) selectively catalyzes the dehydrogenative intermolecular coupling of alcohols and secondary amines to form tertiary amides. This is the most productive base-metal catalyst for dehydrogenative amidation reported to date, in some cases achieving up to 600 turnovers. The catalyst works well for sterically undemanding amines and alcohols or cyclic substrates and is particularly effective in the synthesis of formamides from methanol. However, the catalyst performance declines rapidly with the incorporation of large substituents on the amine or alcohol substrate. Variable-temperature NMR spectroscopic studies suggest that the catalyst resting state is an off-cycle iron(II) methoxide species, (iPrPN(H)P)Fe(H)(OCH3)(CO), resulting from addition of methanol across the Fe–N bond of (iPrPNP)Fe(H)(CO). This reversibly formed iron(II) methoxide complex is favored at mild temperatures but eliminates methanol upon heating.
Yeast two-hybrid interaction partner screening through in vivo Cre-mediated Binary Interaction Tag generation (2007)

Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) has been successfully used for genome-wide screens to identify protein-protein interactions for several model organisms. Nonetheless, the logistics of pair-wise screening has resulted in a cumbersome and incomplete application of this method to complex genomes. Here, we develop a modification of Y2H that eliminates the requirement for pair-wise screening. This is accomplished by incorporating lox sequences into Y2H vectors such that cDNAs encoding interacting partners become physically linked in the presence of Cre recombinase in vivo. Once linked, DNA from complex pools of clones can be processed without losing the identity of the interacting partners. Short linked sequence tags from each pair of interacting partner (binary interaction Tags or BI-Tags) are then recovered and sequenced. To validate the approach, comparisons between interactions found using traditional Y2H and the BI-Tag method were made, which demonstrate that the BI-Tag technology accurately represents the complexity of the interaction partners found in the screens. The technology described here sufficiently improves the throughput of the Y2H approach to make feasible the generation of near comprehensive interaction maps for complex organisms.