gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Neuronal Survival by the Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase Akt (1997)

A signaling pathway was delineated by which insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) promotes the survival of cerebellar neurons. IGF-1 activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K) triggered the activation of two protein kinases, the serine-threonine kinase Akt and the p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70(S6K)). Experiments with pharmacological inhibitors, as well as expression of wild-type and dominant-inhibitory forms of Akt, demonstrated that Akt but not p70(S6K) mediates PI3-K-dependent survival. These findings suggest that in the developing nervous system, Akt is a critical mediator of growth factor-induced neuronal survival.
A study of the autofluorescence of parylene materials for μTAS applications (2010)

Parylene-C has been widely used as a biocompatible material for microfluidics and micro total analysis system (microTAS) applications in recent decades. However, its autofluorescence can be a major obstacle for parylene-C based devices used in applications requiring sensitive fluorescence detection. In this paper, Parylene-C was compared with other commonly used polymer and plastic materials in microTAS devices for their autofluorescence. We also report here an in-depth study of the behaviors and mechanisms of the autofluorescence of parylene-C, as well as several other commercialized members in the parylene family, including parylene-D, parylene-N and parylene-HT, using epifluorescence microscopy, fluorimeter and infrared spectroscopy. Strong autofluorescence was induced in parylene-C during short-wavelength excitation (i.e. UV excitation). Variation of autofluorescence intensity of parylene-C film was found to be related to both dehydrogenation and photo-oxidation. Moreover, the influence of microfabrication process on parylene-C autofluorescence was also evaluated. Parylene-HT, which exhibits low initial autofluorescence, decreasing autofluorescence behavior under UV excitation and higher UV stability, can be a promising alternative for microTAS applications with fluorescence detection.
The Small Leucine-Rich Repeat Proteoglycan Biglycan Binds to α-Dystroglycan and Is Upregulated in Dystrophic Muscle (2000)

The dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC) is necessary for maintaining the integrity of the muscle cell plasma membrane and may also play a role in coordinating signaling events at the cell surface. The alpha-/beta-dystroglycan subcomplex of the DAPC forms a critical link between the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. A ligand blot overlay assay was used to search for novel dystroglycan binding partners in postsynaptic membranes from Torpedo electric organ. An approximately 125-kD dystroglycan-binding polypeptide was purified and shown by peptide microsequencing to be the Torpedo ortholog of the small leucine-rich repeat chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan biglycan. Biglycan binding to alpha-dystroglycan was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation with both native and recombinant alpha-dystroglycan. The biglycan binding site was mapped to the COOH-terminal third of alpha-dystroglycan. Glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan is not necessary for this interaction, but binding is dependent upon the chondroitin sulfate side chains of biglycan. In muscle, biglycan is detected at both synaptic and nonsynaptic regions. Finally, biglycan expression is elevated in muscle from the dystrophic mdx mouse. These findings reveal a novel binding partner for alpha-dystroglycan and demonstrate a novel avenue for interaction of the DAPC and the extracellular matrix. These results also raise the possibility of a role for biglycan in the pathogenesis, and perhaps the treatment, of muscular dystrophy.
Neue schnelle Ionenleiter vom Typ MMIIICl6 (MI = Li, Na, Ag; MIII = In, Y) (1992)

Abstract Li 3 InCl 6 Na 3 InCl 6 , Ag 3 InCl 6 und Li 3 YCl 6 wurden mittels thermoanalytischer (DSC), röntgenographischer, IR‐ und Raman‐spektroskopischer Methoden (einschließlich Röntgen‐ und Ramanheizaufnahmen) charakterisiert. Impedanzspektroskopische Messungen ergaben eine sehr hohe Ionenleitfähigkeit (Na 3 InCl 6 &lt; Li 3 YCl 6 &lt; Ag 3 InCl 6 &lt; Li 3 InCl 6 ). Li 3 InCl 6 ist im Bereich von 300°C der bisher beste Lithiumionenleiter (σ = 0,2 Ω −1 cm −1 ). Mit Ausnahme von Na 3 InCl 6 sind die hier untersuchten ternären Chloride polymorph mit komplizierten Ordnungs‐Unordnungs‐Phasenumwandlungen.
Pathogenesis of Meningitis Caused by Streptococcus suis Type 2 (1990)

The neuraxes of 26 pigs inoculated intravenously with a pathogenic isolate of Streptococcus suis type 2 and killed 17-47 h later were examined using histologic and scanning microscopic techniques. The only pathologic lesions detected in all pigs were associated with the choroid plexus: disruption of the plexus brush border, a decrease in the number of Kolmer cells, and exudation of fibrin and inflammatory cells into the ventricles. Lesions affecting the cerebral and choroid plexus endothelium, such as vasculitis, were not detected. Intracellular bacteria were demonstrated in the parenchyma of the choroid plexus, in the ventricular exudate, and within peripheral blood monocytes. Separate studies found that circulating monocytes containing phagocytosed bacteria-sized particles migrated into the cerebrospinal fluid compartment with the choroid plexus acting as a major site of cellular ingress. These observations support the concept that in the pathogenesis of meningitis, bacteria may gain access to the cerebrospinal fluid compartment in association with monocytes migrating along normal pathways.
Characterization of a novel bispecific antibody that mediates Fcgamma receptor type I-dependent killing of tumor-associated glycoprotein-72-expressing tumor cells. (1998)

A bispecific antibody was made by chemical conjugation of Fab' fragments from humanized antibodies specific for tumor-associated glycoprotein-72 (TAG-72) and high-affinity immunoglobulin receptor, FcgammaA receptor type I (FcgammaRI). The purified anti-TAG-72 x anti-FcgammaRI (HCC49xH22) bispecific antibody had an approximate Mr of 111,000, consistent with a F(ab')2, and bound specifically to KLEB and LS174T tumor cell lines, which express the TAG-72 tumor antigen. Furthermore, HCC49x H22 was shown to simultaneously bind to KLEB cells and a soluble FcgammaRI fusion protein, demonstrating the bifunctional nature of the molecule. Using IFN-gamma-treated monocytes as effector cells, concentrations of the bispecific antibody in the range of 1-10,000 ng/ml mediated specific lysis of TAG-72-positive tumor cells. In contrast, the bispecific antibody did not promote antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of a cell line that was negative for TAG-72 antigen. Importantly, the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity of the bispecific antibody was significantly greater than that of the monoclonal antibody HCC49. These in vitro data indicate that the humanized bispecific antibody HCC49xH22 has the appropriate specificity and functional activity for further evaluation as potential immunotherapy for TAG-72-positive malignancies.
Activated astrocytes induce nitric oxide synthase-2 in cerebral endothelium via tumor necrosis factor ? (1997)

Astrocytes under pathological conditions become activated and produce a variety of cytokines and low molecular weight signal molecules. Previously we demonstrated that activated astrocytes release nitric oxide which can downregulate the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-2 in co-cultured cerebral endothelium, and also release a transcriptionally regulated factor that can induce NOS-2 expression in endothelium (Borgerding and Murphy: J Neurochem 65:1342, 1995). The activity of this NOS-2-inducing factor was impeded by inhibitors of tyrosine kinases and NF-kappaB activation. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha) alone, or in combination with IL-6, induced NOS-2 expression in endothelial cells. A neutralizing antibody against TNF alpha attenuated the NOS-2 expression in endothelial cells exposed to activated astrocytes. These results imply that cytokine-activated astrocytes release TNF alpha which can induce NOS-2 expression in endothelium and suggest that activated astrocytes within the CNS may induce expression of NOS-2 in cells of the adjacent microvasculature. The ensuing alterations in blood-brain barrier properties may be either beneficial or detrimental.
Autoimmune Toxicities Associated with the Administration of Antitumor Vaccines and Low-Dose Interleukin-2 (2005)

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the occurrence of autoimmune toxicities associated with the administration of low-dose IL-2 in conjunction with vaccines for melanoma. Ninety-three patients with stage IIB, III, or IV melanoma were enrolled in three clinical trials and received anti-melanoma vaccines on days 1, 8, 15, 29, 36, and 43. The vaccines comprised peptide-pulsed dendritic cells, autologous tumor cells with GM-CSF in Montanide ISA-51, or synthetic peptides with GM-CSF in Montanide ISA-51. In conjunction with the vaccines, all patients were administered 3 x 10(6) IU/m2/d IL-2 subcutaneously for 42 days, either days 8 to 49 or 29 to 70. Clinical and laboratory data from these studies were reviewed in aggregate to evaluate the occurrence of autoimmune toxicities. Of 91 evaluable patients, vitiligo was documented in 6 patients (7%). In addition, one patient experienced transient severe insulin-dependent diabetes that resolved after discontinuing IL-2, and another experienced an exacerbation of his pre-existing diabetes; these occurrences are consistent with an autoimmune insulitis. Four occurrences (4%) of transient minor ocular toxicity were documented, but no autoimmune ocular toxicities or changes in visual acuity were found. Of 55 evaluable patients, 14 experienced thyroid abnormalities (25%). These were attributed to an autoimmune thyroiditis, which was supported by findings of antithyroid antibodies in three of the seven patients evaluated. Overall, autoimmune toxicities affecting several organ systems were observed in patients receiving melanoma vaccines in conjunction with low-dose IL-2. None of these toxicities caused major long-term effects, though one was acutely life-threatening and others contributed to treatment-related morbidity. Peptide- or cell-based vaccines administered in combination with low-dose IL-2 appear to be capable of breaking tolerance to self-antigens; despite the associated toxicities, these combinations may still be useful to administer as an immunotherapy for cancer. However, careful monitoring for autoimmune toxicities should be incorporated in future clinical studies incorporating low-dose IL-2.
The design of an efficient hardware subroutine protocol for FPGAs (1994)

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1994.
An acrosomal antigen of human spermatozoa and spermatogenic cells characterized with a monoclonal antibody (1984)

Monoclonal antibodies were raised against acrosomal antigens of human sperm by immunizing BALB/CA mice with purified ejaculated human spermatozoa. An ELISA-assay, employing glutaraldehyde-fixed spermatozoa as antigen, was used to screen the hybridomas producing anti-human sperm antibodies. Two hybridoma cell-lines produced antibodies which bound to the acrosomal region of spermatozoa. Both gave identical results in preliminary tests and therefore only one was chosen for further experiments. This antibody stained the acrosomal region of fixed but not living spermatozoa by indirect immunofluorescence, indicating an intra-acrosomal localization of the antigen. In acetone-fixed frozen sections of human testis this antigen was expressed only in germ cells in the adluminal compartment of seminiferous tubules. The antigen was clearly visible in round spermatids from the beginning of the cap phase of acrosome development and was also present in premature germ cells which were present in ejaculates and which were in the early stages of acrosome development. By immunochemical analysis this antibody recognized a molecule of 50 K MW as well as other components of 24 to 34 K. The pattern of staining for the antigen was similar in the presence or absence of beta-mercaptoethanol in the sample buffer. The species specificity of the antigen was studied by indirect immunofluorescence using acetone-fixed spermatozoa and the antigen was found to be present in mouse, bovine, ram and boar spermatozoa. This antibody may be useful as an acrosomal marker.
Two-Wavelength Displacement-Measuring Interferometer Using Second-Harmonic Light to Eliminate Air-Turbulence-Induced Errors (1989)

In order to eliminate air-turbulence-induced errors in the measurement of linear displacement, an interferometer with two different laser beams using second harmonic generation (SHG) has been developed. These beams have wavelengths of 488 nm, emitted from an Ar + laser, and 244 nm, which is the second harmonic generated by a nonlinear crystal β-BaB 2 O 4 inserted in the Ar + laser cavity. Demonstration experiments have proven the system's efficacy in eliminating air-turbulence-induced errors.
In vitro selection and characterization of streptomycin-binding RNAs: recognition discrimination between antibiotics. (1998)

As pathogens continue to evade therapeutical drugs, a better understanding of the mode of action of antibiotics continues to have high importance. A growing body of evidence points to RNA as a crucial target for antibacterial and antiviral drugs. For example, the aminocyclitol antibiotic streptomycin interacts with the 16S ribosomal RNA and, in addition, inhibits group I intron splicing. To understand the mode of binding of streptomycin to RNA, we isolated small, streptomycin-binding RNA aptamers via in vitro selection. In addition, bluensomycin, a streptomycin analogue that does not inhibit splicing, was used in a counter-selection to obtain RNAs that bind streptomycin with high affinity and specificity. Although an RNA from the normal selection (motif 2) bound both antibiotics, an RNA from the counter-selection (motif 1) discriminated between streptomycin and bluensomycin by four orders of magnitude. The binding site of streptomycin on the RNAs was determined via chemical probing with dimethylsulfate and kethoxal. The minimal size required for drug binding was a 46- and a 41-mer RNA for motifs 1 and 2, respectively. Using Pb2+ cleavage in the presence and absence of streptomycin, a conformational change spanning the entire mapped sequence length of motif 1 was observed only when both streptomycin and Mg2+ were present. Both RNAs require Mg2+ for binding streptomycin.
Microscopy and pattern generation with scanned evanescent waves (1984)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text G. A. Massey, "Microscopy and pattern generation with scanned evanescent waves," Appl. Opt. 23, 658-660 (1984) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
How Flagellin and Toll-Like Receptor 5 Contribute to Enteric Infection (2006)

Resistance to infection in vertebrates relies on a complex interaction between two separate but complementary arms of the immune system: adaptive immunity and innate immunity. Adaptive immunity refers to the recognition of specific molecular epitopes by either T or B lymphocytes and the resulting
Randomized adjuvant trial to evaluate the addition of tamoxifen and PSK to chemotherapy in patients with primary breast cancer: 5-year results from the nishi-nippon group of the adjuvant chemoendocrine therapy for breast cancer organization (1992)

The 5-year results of the current trial showed a survival advantage by the addition of TAM to chemotherapy in patients with ER-positive and Stage IIIA T3N0 cancer.
Demonstration of two novel methods for predicting functional siRNA efficiency (2006)

Both of the two methods studied in this paper emphasize the importance of sequence information for the prediction of functional siRNAs. The way of denoting a bio-sequence by binary system in mathematical language might be helpful in other analysis work associated with fixed-length bio-sequence.
Src-Dependent Syk Activation Controls CD69-Mediated Signaling and Function on Human NK Cells (2002)

CD69 C-type lectin receptor represents a functional triggering molecule on activated NK cells, capable of directing their natural killing function. The receptor-proximal signaling pathways activated by CD69 cross-linking and involved in CD69-mediated cytotoxic activity are still poorly understood. Here we show that CD69 engagement leads to the rapid and selective activation of the tyrosine kinase Syk, but not of the closely related member of the same family, ZAP70, in IL-2-activated human NK cells. Our results indicate the requirement for Src family kinases in the CD69-triggered activation of Syk and suggest a role for Lck in this event. We also demonstrate that Syk and Src family tyrosine kinases control the CD69-triggered tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of phospholipase Cgamma2 and the Rho family-specific exchange factor Vav1 and are responsible for CD69-triggered cytotoxicity of activated NK cells. The same CD69-activated signaling pathways are also observed in an RBL transfectant clone, constitutively expressing the receptor. These data demonstrate for the first time that the CD69 receptor functionally couples to the activation of Src family tyrosine kinases, which, by inducing Syk activation, initiate downstream signaling pathways and regulate CD69-triggered functions on human NK cells.
Synthesis of New Low-Dimensional Quaternary Compounds, KCu2AsS3 and KCu4AsS4, in Supercritical Amine Solvent. Alkali Metal Derivatives of Sulfosalts (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of New Low-Dimensional Quaternary Compounds, KCu2AsS3 and KCu4AsS4, in Supercritical Amine Solvent. Alkali Metal Derivatives of SulfosaltsJames E. Jerome, Paul T. Wood, William T. Pennington, and Joseph W. KolisCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 9, 1733–1734Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00087a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00087a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views282Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
300-Gb/s 24-channel bidirectional Si carrier transceiver Optochip for board-level interconnects (2008)

A parallel optical transceiver module with 24-transmitter plus 24-receiver channels has been designed and fabricated. The transceiver Optochip relies on silicon carrier technology to provide a high level of integration of the electrical and optical components onto a single substrate with high density interconnection. The transceiver Optochip consists of the Si carrier platform with 4 flip-chip attached components: two 24-channel 850 nm optoelectronic arrays (VCSELs and photodiodes) and two 24-channel CMOS ICs (receivers and laser drivers). Furthermore, 150-mum diameter "optical vias" are incorporated in the Si carrier at 48 locations of the VCSEL and PD array element in order to allow optical transmission through the silicon carrier. A lens arrays aligned to the optical vias can also be integrated into the Si carrier to collimate the optical inputs/outputs and facilitate optical coupling to/from the Optochip. Complete Optochips have been assembled and fully characterized using optical coupling into multimode fiber (MMF) with all channels fully operational. The 24 transmitter channels showed good performance up to 15 Gb/s with uniform, high optical output power and low jitter. The 24 receiver channels, characterized as full Tx-to-Rx Optochip links, operated error-free up to 12.5 Gb/s. At 12.5 Gb/s, each complete link consumes only 11 mW/Gb/s. The Optochip achieves a 300 Gb/s bidirectional data rate, a new record for parallel optical transceivers.
Sources of urinary catecholamines in renal denervated transplant recipients (1990)

When a human kidney is transplanted, sympathetic nerves to that kidney are cut. We infused 3H-noradrenaline and then measured noradrenaline, dopamine and 3H-noradrenaline levels in the plasma and urine of renal transplant recipients and uninephrectomized control subjects. Less than 10% of 3H-noradrenaline cleared from the plasma appeared in the urine. Noradrenaline and dopamine appeared in the urine of transplant recipients at one-third the rate of control subjects, even though 3H-noradrenaline levels were slightly higher in the urine of transplant recipients. Transplant patients had a noradrenaline clearance of 128 +/- 50 ml/min, compatible with simple glomerular filtration, while controls had a higher calculated clearance of 229 +/- 41 ml/min. Plasma dopamine levels were very low compared with urinary dopamine. These results suggest that two-thirds of renal noradrenaline and dopamine depend on the presence of renal nerves. Almost all urinary dopamine comes from the kidney. For noradrenaline, urinary excretion is a very minor pathway for clearance from the plasma.
Multilayered genetic safeguards limit growth of microorganisms to defined environments (2015)

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are commonly used to produce valuable compounds in closed industrial systems. However, their emerging applications in open clinical or environmental settings require enhanced safety and security measures. Intrinsic biocontainment, the creation of bacterial hosts unable to survive in natural environments, remains a major unsolved biosafety problem. We developed a new biocontainment strategy containing overlapping 'safeguards'-engineered riboregulators that tightly control expression of essential genes, and an engineered addiction module based on nucleases that cleaves the host genome-to restrict viability of Escherichia coli cells to media containing exogenously supplied synthetic small molecules. These multilayered safeguards maintain robust growth in permissive conditions, eliminate persistence and limit escape frequencies to <1.3 × 10(-12). The staged approach to safeguard implementation revealed mechanisms of escape and enabled strategies to overcome them. Our safeguarding strategy is modular and employs conserved mechanisms that could be extended to clinically or industrially relevant organisms and undomesticated species.