gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Research on biology and control of Sclerotinia diseases in Canada 1 (2001)

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary and Sclerotinia minor Jagger are two of the species in the genus Sclerotinia found in Canada. While S. sclerotiorum is distributed country-wide and causes disease on numerous economically important crops including oilseeds, pulses, forage legumes, vegetables, and ornamentals, S. minor has only been reported on lettuce in Quebec and Ontario. During the past five decades, Canadian researchers have made a substantial contribution to the understanding of the biology and control of S. sclerotiorum and, to a lesser extent, of S. minor. This review summarizes the progress of Canadian research on Sclerotinia diseases in the past 50 years, with specific emphasis in the areas such as strain differentiation, epidemiology, new types of sclerotia, survival and germination of sclerotia, and biocontrol. Le Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary et le Sclerotinia minor Jagger sont deux espèces du genre Sclerotinia trouvées au Canada. Alors que le S. sclerotiorum a une distribution pancanadienne et cause des maladies sur de nombreuses cultures d'importance économique, y compris des plantes oléagineuses, des légumineuses alimentaires, des légumineuses fourragères, des légumes et des plantes ornementales, le S. minor n'a été rapporté que sur la laitue au Québec et en Ontario. Au cours des cinq dernières décennies, les chercheurs canadiens ont contribué de façon substantielle à la compréhension de la biologie et de la lutte contre le S. sclerotiorum et, dans une moindre mesure, contre le S. minor. La présente synthèse résume les progrès accomplis par la recherche canadienne sur les sclérotinioses, au cours des derniers 50 ans, en mettant spécifiquement l'accent sur des domaines tel que la différenciation des souches, l'épidémiologie, les nouveaux types de sclérotes, la survie et la germination des sclérotes et la lutte biologique.
The Advantages of Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel for Patients with Advanced Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review (2020)

Xing-Ru Zhang, 1,* Zhi-Yu Jiang, 2,* Zeng-Rui Zhang, 3 Hui-Jun Chen, 1 Ke Wu, 4 Jin-Cai He, 1 Cheng-Long Xie 1 1The Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, People&rsquo;s Republic of China; 2The Department of General Surgery, The Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, People&rsquo;s Republic of China; 3Department of Neurology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou 313000, People&rsquo;s Republic of China; 4Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, People&rsquo;s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Cheng-Long Xie; Jin-Cai He Tel/Fax +86 577 88 83 2693Email cl_xie1987@sohu.com; hjc@wmu.edu.cnBackground: Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) is a new type of administration that results in steadier levodopa plasma concentrations in advanced Parkinson&rsquo;s disease (PD) patients and effectively reduces poor mobility and dyskinesia.Methods: Electronic databases were searched up to January 1, 2018. The inclusion criteria for this review were as follows: LCIG vs oral medication in advanced PD patients.Results: Five trials, with a total of 198 patients, met all the inclusion criteria. The quality score of these studies ranged from 3 to 5. Two clinical trials showed that compared with oral medication, LCIG had a better treatment effect on on-time with troublesome dyskinesia (TSD) (p = 0.02) and on-time without TSD (p &lt; 0.00001) in advanced PD patients. In addition, four of the 5 studies showed that the LCIG may have better efficacy than oral medication for improving the scores of the UPDRS, and two studies found that LCIG demonstrated better efficacy for improving the PDQ-39 scores. The video recording results indicated a potential decline in both dyskinesia and the &ldquo;off&rdquo; state in LCIG-treated patients. The incidence of adverse events was not significantly different between the LCIG and oral medication groups.Conclusion: Compared with oral treatment, LCIG exerts its effectiveness, mostly by reducing the time of on-time with TSD, increasing the time of on-time without TSD and scores of UPDRS and PDQ-39. It is suggesting that LCIG was likely to be a new type of administration used in clinical applications. However, due to methodological flaws, these findings should be viewed with caution, and more RCTs are needed in the field to complement our findings.Keywords: Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel, Parkinson&rsquo;s disease, oral medication, clinical trials, systematic review
Cell Transfer Therapy for Cancer: Lessons from Sequential Treatments of a Patient With Metastatic Melanoma (2003)

The development of effective autologous cell transfer therapies for the treatment of patients with cancer has been difficult, in part because the cells used to treat each patient are different, as are the patient's tumor and immune status. Much can thus be learned by sequential treatments of the same patient with the same cells, making single modifications in the treatments to determine which factors are critical. The authors have treated a single patient with five sequential administrations of the same cells with minor modifications in the mode of administration and the immune status of the patient. The treatment of this patient strongly suggested that 1) the highly avid recognition of tumor antigens in vitro by a transferred lymphocyte population does not necessarily predict in vivo antitumor activity; 2) the administration of highly avid antitumor autologous lymphocyte populations can be far more active in mediating tumor regression in vivo when administered after nonmyeloablative chemotherapy than when administered without this prior chemotherapy; 3) intra-arterial administration of highly avid antitumor autologous lymphocytes into the blood supply of the tumor can be more effective in mediating tumor regression than the intravenous administration of these same tumor infiltrating lymphocytes; 4) one mechanism of tumor escape from immunotherapy is loss of class I MHC antigen expression by the tumor due to mutation of the beta-2 microglobulin gene.
Cloning, functional expression, and developmental regulation of a neuropeptide Y receptor from Drosophila melanogaster. (1992)

Neuropeptide Y, peptide YY, and pancreatic polypeptide are homologous 36-amino acid peptides that differ from most other peptide transmitters by having a relatively rigid conformation in aqueous solutions, defined as the pancreatic polypeptide fold, and a critical C-terminal tyrosine amide. These peptides serve as gastrointestinal hormones and neurotransmitters. A cDNA encoding a novel G protein-coupled receptor activated by neuropeptide Y was cloned from Drosophila by use of degenerate oligonucleotide primers and polymerase chain reaction amplification of cDNA prepared from transcripts expressed early in embryogenesis. The cDNA encodes a protein of 449 amino acids with the characteristics of a G protein-coupled receptor and shares significant amino acid identity with mammalian tachykinin receptors. When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, the PR4 protein is activated by mammalian neuropeptides in the order: peptide YY greater than neuropeptide Y much greater than pancreatic polypeptide. Northern analysis showed that PR4 receptor is expressed at equivalent levels in adult Drosophila head and body and that the expression of the PR4 receptor is regulated during development. The molecular characterization of this receptor should lead to a better understanding of the functional role of this important family of hormone receptors in adult organisms and during development.
Higher Expression of Caveolin-1 Inhibits Human Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) Apoptosis In Vitro (2012)

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most aggressive type of lung cancer, and its treatment is closely associated with apoptosis. Caveolin-1 plays an important role in the development of a variety of human cancers. This study sought to investigate the influence of Caveolin-1 on the apoptosis of SCLC in vitro. We demonstrate that higher expression of Caveolin-1 leads to inhibition of cisplatin and Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR)-induced apoptosis in SCLC cells; and also could decrease caspase-3 activity and increase the stability of Bcl-2 at the protein level. Our findings illuminate a potential molecular mechanism regarding CAV-1's role as anti-apoptosis protein.
Efficient stereospecific synthesis of no-carrier-added 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose using aminopolyether supported nucleophilic substitution. (1986)

An aminopolyether mediated synthesis of fluorine-18 (18F) 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) has been developed. The nucleophilic fluorination with accelerator-produced [18F]fluoride works at the no-carrier-added level and gives epimerically pure 2-18FDG with an uncorrected radiochemical yield of a maximum 50% in a synthesis time of approximately 50 min from EOB.
Brain parenchyma motion: measurement with cine echo-planar MR imaging. (1992)

With echo-planar magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, the authors measured the intrinsic pulsatile motion of brain parenchyma. Phase-sensitive, electrocardiography-gated, two-dimensional cine images were acquired throughout the cardiac cycle by using a spin-echo, blipped echo-planar MR pulse sequence. Transverse and coronal planes were obtained in 14 healthy volunteers. Corrections were made for gross head motion. Brain motion consisted of a rapid displacement in systole, with a slow diastolic recovery. The motion occurred chiefly in the cephalocaudal and lateral directions; the anteroposterior motions were relatively small. Cephalocaudal velocities increase with proximity to the foramen magnum. The lateral motion is mainly a compressive motion of the thalami. Brain parenchymal velocities were as high as 2 mm/sec caudally in the brain stem and 1.5 mm/sec medially in the thalami. Net parenchymal excursions were at most 0.5 mm. Phase-based echo-planar velocity measurements agreed well with echo-planar Fourier velocity zeugmatography measurements and were consistent with reported values. Velocity mapping with echo-planar imaging offers a rapid and flexible method of assessing the pulsation velocities of the human brain.
Multiparametric characterization by flow cytometry of flow‐sorted subpopulations of a human hepatoma cell line useful for drug research (2004)

ADV-1 subpopulation showed greater stability in culture, better efficiency regarding intracellular pH maintenance through the operation of Na+/H+ exchange antiporter, and significantly greater CYP-dependent biotransformation activity than the BC2 parental cells and ADV-2 cells.
Five Lec1 CHO cell mutants have distinct Mgat1 gene mutations that encode truncated N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (2002)

Lec1 CHO cell mutants lack N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GlcNAc-TI) activity and do not synthesize complex or hybrid N-glycans. The origins of six independent lec1 mutations are shown to reside in the coding region of the Mgat1 gene, proving that GlcNAc-TI is mutated in Lec1 mutants. One mutant has Mgat1 gene transcripts of reduced size, whereas the others possess transcripts of approximately normal size and amount containing a unique insertion or transition mutation that leads to a premature stop codon in the Mgat1 gene coding region. The lec1 mutation in the Lec3.2.8.1 mutant, a line used to generate minimally glycosylated membrane glycoproteins for X-ray crystallography, is a G insertion that leads to a nonsense codon after amino acid 391. The Pro-Lec1.3C line from the ATCC and in laboratory stocks, a line used widely for diverse purposes, possesses a C insertion in the Mgat1 gene coding exon, causing a frame shift and producing a stable, truncated approximately 24-kDa product. Mgat1 gene mutations were confirmed by sequencing genomic DNA PCR products. Mutant cDNAs were reverted by site-directed mutagenesis and shown to confer wild-type lectin binding and GlcNAc-TI activity on Lec1 transfectants. Surprisingly, three Mgat1 gene nucleotide changes previously reported in Pro-Lec1.3C cells (Puthalakath et al. [1996] J. Biol. Chem., 271, 27818-27822) were not detected in this study. These Lec1 mutants provide a novel cohort for investigating the effects on Golgi trafficking and kin recognition of deletion mutants of GlcNAc-TI expressed at endogenous rather than nonphysiological levels.
Subpixel edge estimation using geometrical edge models with noise miniaturization (2002)

The significant disadvantage for traditional contour representation is as the resolution is reduced the effort of undersampling is proportional enlarged. The goal of this study is to improve edge detection results, especially for those corner points in low resolution. This study describes a method, which is based on 4-connected pixel-wise linearization, for finding contours from low resolution video images. This allows a more accurate inspection and identification of objects from image data. In practice, geometrical models are used to manipulate this linearization. A method is employed for examining the corner points as well.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Commentary on the Published Results of the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (1985)

THE LIPID Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (LRC-CPPT) was a randomized double-blind clinical trial testing the efficacy of the cholesterollowering drug cholestyramine taken in conjunction with a cholesterol-lowering diet in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in asymptomatic middle-aged men with primary hypercholesterolemia. The CPPT trial results were described in detail in two recent articles inThe Journal.<sup>1,2</sup>The first article presented the results of the clinical trial itself, comparing the occurrence of cardiovascular disease in the two study groups: (1) cholestyramine plus diet and (2) placebo plus diet. The second article analyzed data from the two groups separately and within each group examined the relationship of lowering of levels of total cholesterol and of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) to the incidence of primary cardiovascular end points. The trial was well designed and superbly carried out. However, the reported conclusions seem to go beyond what is reasonably
Synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals and labeled compounds utilizing short- lived isotopes (1972)

Using validation questions to exclude IERPs can result in selection bias in which participants with lower socio-economic standing and poor antibiotic use intentions were disproportionately excluded.
Italian acute stroke study hemodilution (I.A.S.S.-H.) organisation and methodology (1986)

The Italian Acute Stroke Study Hemodilution (I.A.S.S.-H.) recruits 1,200 patients with recent (12 hrs) acute stroke admitted to university-hospital departments of neurology in Italy. The patients, randomized centrally by telephone, are allocated as follows: 50% to the treated group (hemodilution treatment) and 50% to the control group (standard treatment). Randomization is stratified by centers and severity of neurological deficit on admission. Hemodilution treatment is performed by venesection and infusion of dextran 40; standard treatment will be provided by each Center within a common general regimen. At the end of six months the Clinical Coordination Center collects the follow-up data on mortality and disability by telephone. Hemodilution treatment will be considered of benefit if it reduces significantly mortality and disability risk, compared with the control group.
Magnetization switching by spin-orbit torque in an antiferromagnet/ferromagnet bilayer system (2015)

Spin-orbit torque (SOT)-induced magnetization switching shows promise for realizing ultrafast and reliable spintronics devices. Bipolar switching of perpendicular magnetization via SOT is achieved under an in-plane magnetic field collinear with an applied current. Typical structures studied so far comprise a nonmagnet/ferromagnet (NM/FM) bilayer, where the spin Hall effect in the NM is responsible for the switching. Here we show that an antiferromagnet/ferromagnet (AFM/FM) bilayer system also exhibits a SOT large enough to switch the magnetization of FM. In this material system, thanks to the exchange-bias effect of the AFM, we observe the switching under no applied field by using an antiferromagnetic PtMn and ferromagnetic Co/Ni multilayer with a perpendicular easy axis. Furthermore, tailoring the stack achieves a memristor-like behaviour where a portion of the reversed magnetization can by controlled in an analogue manner. The AFM/FM system is thus a promising building block for SOT devices as well as providing an attractive pathway towards neuromorphic computing.
An Essential Developmental Checkpoint for Production of the T Cell Lineage (2010)

In early T cell development, progenitors retaining the potential to generate myeloid and natural killer lineages are eventually determined to a specific T cell lineage. The molecular mechanisms that drive this determination step remain unclarified. We show that, when murine hematopoietic progenitors were cultured on immobilized Notch ligand DLL4 protein in the presence of a cocktail of cytokines including interleukin-7, progenitors developing toward T cells were arrested and the arrested cells entered a self-renewal cycle, maintaining non-T lineage potentials. Reduced concentrations of interleukin-7 promoted T cell lineage determination. A similar arrest and self-renewal of progenitors were observed in thymocytes of mice deficient in the transcription factor Bcl11b. Our study thus identifies the earliest checkpoint during T cell development and shows that it is Bcl11b-dependent.
Characterization of the binding epitope of a monoclonal antibody to sulphatide (1988)

An IgG1 monoclonal antibody, Sulph I, reacting with sulphatide (3'-sulphogalactosylceramide), was produced by immunizing Balb/c mice with that glycolipid coated on Salmonella minnesota bacterial membrane. Radioimmunodetection of the binding of the monoclonal antibody to structurally related glycolipids adsorbed to microtitre plates or chromatographed on thin-layer plates was used to determine its binding epitope. The antibody showed similar binding avidity to three sulphated glycolipids: sulphatide, sulpholactosylceramide and seminolipid. Lysosulphatide did bind the antibody, but, compared with sulphatide, 30 times more antigen was needed for half-maximal binding. Bis(sulphogangliotriosyl)ceramide and bis-sulphogangliotetraosylceramide did not bind the antibody. These results suggest that terminal galactose-3-O-sulphate and part of the hydrophobic region of the glycolipid are recognized by the Sulph I antibody.
The Phase-sensitivity of a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer for Coherent Light (1999)

We have studied the sensitivity of four different phase shift measurement schemes with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The input light is considered to be in a coherent state and the detectors are assumed to be ideal with the quantum efficiency of unity. It is shown by direct calculation of the operators corresponding to the measurement schemes that the uncertainty of the phase-shift measurement is limited to the classical one <TEX>$\frac{1}{\sqrt{m}}$</TEX>(m is the average number of the photons in the input state) regardless of the phase-shift measurement schemes.
Neuroprotective effects of Gly-Pro-Glu, the N- terminal tripeptide of IGF-1, in the hippocampus in vitro (1999)

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) plays a critical role in CNS development. IGF-1 can block neuronal apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. IGF-1 is thought to be cleaved into des-N-(1-3)-IGF-1 and an amino terminal glycine-proline-glutamate (GPE tripeptide). Here we report a neuroprotective role for GPE tripeptide, with enhanced survival of the CA1-2 hippocampal neurons following an excitotoxic insult in vitro. Binding and displacement studies suggest uniquely distributed sites of action within the rat including the hippocampal CA1-2, pyriform cortex, amygdala, choroid plexus, blood vessels and to a lesser extent in the cortical regions. A similar pattern of binding was seen in the human. This finding could lead to new strategies to reduce neuronal death after injury and in disease.
Centrifugal micro-channel array droplet generation for highly parallel digital PCR (2016)

Stable water-in-oil emulsion is essential to digital PCR and many other bioanalytical reactions that employ droplets as microreactors. We developed a novel technology to produce monodisperse emulsion droplets with high efficiency and high throughput using a bench-top centrifuge. Upon centrifugal spinning, the continuous aqueous phase is dispersed into monodisperse droplet jets in air through a micro-channel array (MiCA) and then submerged into oil as a stable emulsion. We performed dPCR reactions with a high dynamic range through the MiCA approach, and demonstrated that this cost-effective method not only eliminates the usage of complex microfluidic devices and control systems, but also greatly suppresses the loss of materials and cross-contamination. MiCA-enabled highly parallel emulsion generation combines both easiness and robustness of picoliter droplet production, and breaks the technical challenges by using conventional lab equipment and supplies.
Block copolymer electrolytes for rechargeable lithium batteries (2013)

ABSTRACT Ion‐conducting block copolymers (BCPs) have attracted significant interest as conducting materials in solid‐state lithium batteries. BCP self‐assembly offers promise for designing ordered materials with nanoscale domains. Such nanostructures provide a facile method for introducing sufficient mechanical stability into polymer electrolyte membranes, while maintaining the ionic conductivity at levels similar to corresponding solvent‐free homopolymer electrolytes. This ability to simultaneously control conductivity and mechanical integrity provides opportunities for the fabrication of sturdy, yet easily processable, solid‐state lithium batteries. In this review, we first introduce several fundamental studies of ion conduction in homopolymers for the understanding of ion transport in the conducting domain of BCP systems. Then, we summarize recent experimental studies of BCP electrolytes with respect to the effects of salt‐doping and morphology on ionic conductivity. Finally, we present some remaining challenges for BCP electrolytes and highlight several important areas for future research. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014 , 52, 1–16
Long-Acting Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine after Oral Induction for HIV-1 Infection (2020)

Therapy with long-acting cabotegravir plus rilpivirine was noninferior to oral therapy with dolutegravir-abacavir-lamivudine with regard to maintaining HIV-1 suppression. Injection-site reactions were common. (Funded by ViiV Healthcare and Janssen; FLAIR ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02938520.).