gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Homozygous deletions within human chromosome band 9p21 in melanoma. (1992)

Genetic studies have implicated the early involvement of a gene on chromosome arm 9p in the development of cutaneous melanoma. We have performed loss-of-heterozygosity studies to confirm these original findings and identify the most frequently rearranged or deleted region of 9p. Eight markers were analyzed, including (from 9pter to proximal 9q) D9S33, the beta-interferon (IFNB1) locus, the alpha-interferon (IFNA) gene cluster, D9S126, D9S3, D9S19, the glycoprotein 4 beta-galactosyltransferase (GGTB2) gene, and the argininosuccinate synthetase pseudogene 3 (ASSP3). Two or more of these loci were found to be hemizygously reduced in 12 of 14 (86%) informative metastatic melanoma tumor and cell line DNAs, and homozygous deletions of the marker D9S126 were observed in 2 of 20 (10%) melanoma cell lines. These findings have resulted in the identification of a small critical region of 2-3 megabases on 9p21 in which a putative melanoma tumor-suppressor gene appears likely to reside. Several 9p candidate genes, including IFNB1, the IFNA gene cluster, GGTB2, and the tyrosinase-related protein (TYRP) locus, have all been eliminated as potential targets because they are located outside of the homozygously deleted regions.
Humanized Anti-HM1.24 Antibody Mediates Myeloma Cell Cytotoxicity That Is Enhanced by Cytokine Stimulation of Effector Cells (1999)

To develop a new immunotherapy for multiple myeloma, we have generated a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) that detects a human plasma cell-specific antigen, HM1.24. Our previous study has shown that mouse anti-HM1.24 MoAb inhibits the proliferation of human myeloma cells implanted into severe combined immunodeficiency mice. In this report, we evaluated the antitumor activity of the humanized anti-HM1.24 MoAb (IgG1kappa), which was constructed by grafting the complementarity-determining regions. In contrast to the parent mouse MoAb, humanized anti-HM1.24 MoAb mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against both myeloma cell lines and myeloma cells from patients in the presence of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The PBMCs from untreated myeloma patients exhibited ADCC activity as efficiently as those of healthy donors. Although decreased ADCC activity of PBMCs was observed in patients who responded poorly to conventional chemotherapy, it could be significantly augmented by the stimulation with interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-12, or IL-15. There was a strong correlation between the percentage of CD16(+) cells and ADCC activity in the PBMCs of myeloma patients. Moreover, peripheral blood stem cell collections from myeloma patients contained higher numbers of CD16(+) cells than PBMCs and exhibited ADCC activity that was enhanced by IL-2. These results indicate that humanized anti-HM1.24 MoAb has potential as a new therapeutic strategy in multiple myeloma and that treatment of effector cells with immunomodulating cytokines can restore the effect of humanized anti-HM1.24 MoAb in patients with diminished ADCC activity.
Structure−Physicochemical Function Relationships of Soybean β-Conglycinin Constituent Subunits (1999)

Beta-conglycinin, one of the dominant storage proteins of soybean, has a trimeric structure, being composed of three subunits alpha, alpha', and beta. The alpha and alpha' subunits contain the extension regions in addition to the core regions common to all subunits, which are N-glycosylated. Physicochemical functions of recombinant nonglycosylated individual subunits and deletion mutants (alpha(c) and alpha'(c)) lacking the extension regions of the alpha and alpha' subunits were examined at pH 7.6 and 3.7 at low (mu = 0.08) and high (mu = 0.5) ionic strengths. Although individual recombinant subunits exhibited different properties at all conditions, there were some consistencies. Surface hydrophobicities and thermal stabilities of the individual subunits were likely to be conferred by their core regions, and the carbohydrate moieties did not contribute to these properties at any conditions examined here. Solubility at mu = 0.08, heat-induced association, and emulsifying ability remarkably depended on the extension regions and the carbohydrate moieties in addition to the structural features of the core regions. These findings indicate that various end products could be produced by the selection of soybean varieties containing beta-conglycinin with different subunit compositions and suggest a direction for a principle of soybean breeding.
Time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry of nucleic acids by laser ablation and ionization from a frozen aqueous matrix (1990)

Abstract Positive‐ion time‐of‐flight mass spectra of sodium salts of oligodeoxyribonucleic acids (DNA), and a protein, lysozyme, have been obtained using pulsed‐laser ablation and ionization of frozen aqueous solutions from a cooled copper substrate. The efficiency of positive‐ion formation was found to increase when the ablating laser was tuned to a frequency corresponding to resonant electronic transitions in sodium or copper atoms. Molecular ions of double‐stranded oligomeric nucleic acids, with little fragmentation, were observed at masses up to ∼18 500 Da. Single‐stranded nucleic acids could be fragmented by lowering the laser power‐density to reduce the the substrate heating rate. A dimer ion of lysozyme, at mass ∼29 000 Da, was detected at an impact energy on the electron multiplier of only 3.5 keV.
A Paradoxical Relationship between Width/Spacing of Aluminum Electrodes and Aluminum Corrosion (1985)

Life tests on aluminum interconnect showed that pattern with a large width and spacing can corrode faster than those with a smaller width and spacing. This paradoxical phenomenon was found on temperature, humidity and bias test at 85 to 140°C, 85%RH, and 0 to 150V, and can be explained by crack formation in the passivation layer induced by aluminum corrosion.
Monolithic CMOS digital integrated circuits in 6H-SiC using an implanted p-well process (1997)

We report the first p-well Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) digital integrated circuits in 6H-SiC. Enhancement mode NMOSFET's and PMOSFET's are fabricated on implanted p-wells and n-type epilayers, respectively. CMOS logic circuits such as inverters, NAND, NOR, XOR, flip-flops, half adders, and 11-stage ring oscillators are implemented using these devices and operated at room temperature, The inverters show stable operation at room temperature and 300/spl deg/C with V/sub dd/=10 and 15 V.
Inhibitors Targeting Mitosis: Tales of How Great Drugs against a Promising Target Were Brought Down by a Flawed Rationale (2012)

Although they have been advocated with an understandable enthusiasm, mitosis-specific agents such as inhibitors of mitotic kinases and kinesin spindle protein have not been successful clinically. These drugs were developed as agents that would build on the success of microtubule-targeting agents while avoiding the neurotoxicity that encumbers drugs such as taxanes and vinca alkaloids. The rationale for using mitosis-specific agents was based on the thesis that the clinical efficacy of microtubule-targeting agents could be ascribed to the induction of mitotic arrest. However, the latter concept, which has long been accepted as dogma, is likely important only in cell culture and rapidly growing preclinical models, and irrelevant in patient tumors, where interference with intracellular trafficking on microtubules is likely the principal mechanism of action. Here we review the preclinical and clinical data for a diverse group of inhibitors that target mitosis and identify the reasons why these highly specific, myelosuppressive compounds have failed to deliver on their promise.
Protease-Resistant Stromal Cell–Derived Factor-1 for the Treatment of Experimental Peripheral Artery Disease (2011)

SDF-1 engineered to be resistant to dipeptidylpeptidase IV/CD26 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 cleavage and delivered by nanofibers improves blood flow in a model of peripheral artery disease.
Advances in public-key certificate standards (1995)

To build effective public-key infrastructures, well-entrenched standards are essential because many different applications and different vendor products need to be supported and used. Standards for public-key certificate and certificate revocation list (CRL) formats are most important. The recognized standard in this area is ITU-T X.509, first published in 1988. In 1993, the Internet Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM) proposals refined the use of X.509. However, more recently it has become apparent that there are several deficiencies in the X.509 formats and in the PEM refinements. Consequently, standards groups have undertaken an expedited activity to revise the X.509 formats by adding extensibility mechanisms and defining a set of standard extensions to satisfy a range of recognized needs. This paper outlines the status of this work as of mid-1995.
Design and synthesis of thermally labile polymers for microelectronics: poly(vinyl tert-butyl carbonate sulfone) (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDesign and synthesis of thermally labile polymers for microelectronics: poly(vinyl tert-butyl carbonate sulfone)Ying Jiang and Jean M. J. FrechetCite this: Macromolecules 1991, 24, 12, 3528–3532Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00012a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00012a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views503Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia with all-trans retinoic acid: an update of the New York experience. (1994)

In an ongoing study, we treated 79 patients with a molecular diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) using all-trans retinoic acid (RA) for remission induction. Newly diagnosed patients received cytotoxic chemotherapy for consolidation, and previously treated patients received extended all-trans RA therapy, or a radionuclide-conjugated monoclonal antibody as post-remission treatment. Unlike studies in Europe, full-dose chemotherapy was not given during induction for patients who developed leukocytosis. Overall, 43 of 49 newly diagnosed patients (88%) and 25 of 30 previously treated patients (83%) achieved complete remission. We did not encounter de novo resistance to all-trans RA in any patient who was positive for PML/RAR-alpha rearrangements by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. Ten patients died during induction from intracranial or pulmonary hemorrhage (six patients) or the 'retinoic acid syndrome' (four patients). The use of leukapheresis or low-dose chemotherapy (hydroxyurea or cytosine arabinoside) for drug-induced leukocytosis did not decrease early mortality. Compared to historical controls, early mortality was not affected by treatment with all-trans RA; however, both relapse-free and overall survival were significantly increased. Maintenance therapy with all-trans RA was associated with short remission duration, and relapses while taking the drug were universally associated with resistance to further retinoid treatment. We conclude that the use of all-trans RA for remission induction, with or without full-dose chemotherapy, has significantly increased the survival of patients with APL. While early mortality has not yet been reduced, the avoidance of full-dose chemotherapy during induction has significantly reduced early morbidity. The major outstanding clinical issue is the development of strategies that maximize safety in high-risk patients for whom intracranial hemorrhage remains the major cause of death.
A Review of Relational Machine Learning for Knowledge Graphs (2015)

Relational machine learning studies methods for the statistical analysis of relational, or graph-structured, data. In this paper, we provide a review of how such statistical models can be “trained” on large knowledge graphs, and then used to predict new facts about the world (which is equivalent to predicting new edges in the graph). In particular, we discuss two fundamentally different kinds of statistical relational models, both of which can scale to massive data sets. The first is based on latent feature models such as tensor factorization and multiway neural networks. The second is based on mining observable patterns in the graph. We also show how to combine these latent and observable models to get improved modeling power at decreased computational cost. Finally, we discuss how such statistical models of graphs can be combined with text-based information extraction methods for automatically constructing knowledge graphs from the Web. To this end, we also discuss Google's knowledge vault project as an example of such combination.
Cyclometalated Ir complexes in polymer organic light-emitting devices (2002)

Several new iridium based cyclometalated complexes were investigated as phosphorescent dopants for molecularly doped polymeric organic light-emitting diodes. Specifically, the complexes used in this study were iridium (III) bis(2-phenylpyridinato-N,C2′) (acetylacetonate) [ppy], iridium (III) bis(7,8-benzoquinolinato-N,C3′) (acetylacetonate) [bzq], iridium (III) bis(2-phenylbenzothiazolato-N,C2′) (acetylacetonate) [bt], iridium (III) bis(2-(2′-naphthyl)benzothiazolato-N,C2′) (acetylacetonate) [bsn] and iridium (III) bis(2-(2′-benzo[4,5-a]thienyl)pyridinato-N,C3′) (acetylacetonate) [btp]. Single layer devices of doped polyvinylcarbazole: 2-(4-biphenyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole give maximum external quantum efficiencies that varied from 3.5% for the ppy dopant to 0.4% for the btp dopant. Several different device heterostructure architectures were explored, and the best quantum efficiency of the devices reached 4.2% for the heterostructures.
Compression Strength of Donor Bone for Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (1993)

Forty-three blocks of allograft bone used clinically for posterior lumbar interbody fusion and twenty-three blocks of xenograft bone from goats and cows were tested in compression and compared with the clinical mechanical requirements of posterior lumbar interbody fusion. Variations in processing methods allowed evaluation of the effects of processing on mechanical strength. Fresh-frozen cancellous bone from Os Bone (Cleveland, OH) failed at an average load of 863 +/- 615 N. Fresh-frozen cancellous bone from the Mid American Tissue Center (Massilon, OH) failed at an average load of 3492 +/- 1720 N. Freeze-dried cancellous bone obtained from the American Red Cross failed at an average load of 1595 +/- 1031 N. Air-dried ethylene oxide sterilized cancellous bone from Os Bone failed at an average load of 1338 +/- 691 N. Air-dried ethylene oxide sterilized cancellous bone from Mid America failed at an average load of 1616 +/- 1157 N. Fresh-frozen tricortical bone from Mid America failed at an average load of 2257 +/- 1081 N. Air-dried ethylene oxide sterilized tricortical bone from Os Bone failed at an average load of 2474 +/- 1928 N. Air-dried ethylene oxide sterilized tricortical bone from Mid America failed at an average load of 2308 +/- 422 N. Bovine Surgibone from Unilab (Hillside, NJ) failed at an average load of 2967 +/- 399 N. Strength of bone in compression was not weakened by freeze drying, air drying, ethylene oxide sterilization, or by incubation at 37 degrees C for 1 week before testing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Protein delivery from poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) biodegradable microspheres: Release kinetics and stability issues (1998)

In this review paper, a variety of critical factors in the PLGA microsphere formulation which might affect the release kinetic rate as well as the protein stability will be examined in detail. Three model proteins, carbonic anhydrase, bovine serum albumin, and lysozyme, which were encapsulated within PLGA microspheres by using the water/oil/water (W/O/W) double emulsion solvent evaporation method are used for the study.
Anticipatory scheduling (2001)

Disk schedulers in current operating systems are generally work-conserving, i.e., they schedule a request as soon as the previous request has finished. Such schedulers often require multiple outstanding requests from each process to meet system-level goals of performance and quality of service. Unfortunately, many common applications issue disk read requests in a synchronous manner, interspersing successive requests with short periods of computation. The scheduler chooses the next request too early; this induces deceptive idleness, a condition where the scheduler incorrectly assumes that the last request issuing process has no further requests, and becomes forced to switch to a request from another process.We propose the anticipatory disk scheduling framework to solve this problem in a simple, general and transparent way, based on the non-work-conserving scheduling discipline. Our FreeBSD implementation is observed to yield large benefits on a range of microbenchmarks and real workloads. The Apache webserver delivers between 29% and 71% more throughput on a disk-intensive workload. The Andrew filesystem benchmark runs faster by 8%, due to a speedup of 54% in its read-intensive phase. Variants of the TPC-B database benchmark exhibit improvements between 2% and 60%. Proportional-share schedulers are seen to achieve their contracts accurately and efficiently.
PTEN loss of expression predicts cetuximab efficacy in metastatic colorectal cancer patients (2007)

To evaluate whether the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), K-Ras and PTEN, all members of the EGFR signalling pathway, may affect the clinical response in cetuximab-treated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. Twenty-seven cetuximab-treated mCRC patients were evaluated for drug response and investigated for EGFR protein expression and gene status, K-Ras mutational status and PTEN protein expression. Ten patients achieved a partial response (PR) to cetuximab-based therapy. All 27 patients showed EGFR protein overexpression. Epidermal growth factor receptor gene amplification was observed in eight out of 27 (30%) and chromosome 7 marked polysomy in 16 (59%) patients. Partial response was observed in six out of eight patients with EGFR gene amplification, four out of 16 with marked polysomy and none out of three with eusomy (P<0.05). The K-Ras wild-type sequence was observed in 17 patients, and nine of them experienced a PR. Conversely, K-Ras was mutated in 10 cases, of which one patient experienced a PR (P<0.05). The PTEN protein was normally expressed in 16 patients, and 10 of them achieved a PR. In contrast, no benefit was documented in 11 patients with loss of PTEN activity (P<0.001). Patients with EGFR gene amplification or chromosome 7 marked polysomy respond to cetuximab. In addition to K-Ras mutations, we demonstrate for the first time that the loss of PTEN protein expression is associated with nonresponsiveness to cetuximab.
Apolipoprotein A-I Assumes a “Looped Belt” Conformation on Reconstituted High Density Lipoprotein (2006)

Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) plays a central role in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway; however, the structural basis for its antiatherogenic effects remains poorly understood. Here we employ EPR spectroscopy and fluorescence resonance energy transfer to elucidate the conformation and relative alignment of apoA-I monomers on discoidal (9.4 nm) reconstituted high density lipoprotein (rHDL). EPR spectroscopy provided evidence for an extended helical secondary structure. Position 139 since it was the only residue examined to display a dynamic motional character consistent with a flexible loop structure. The EPR spectra of nitroxide probes at positions 133 and 146 exhibit spin coupling, indicating that these positions are proximal to an apoA-I paired counterpart on the perimeter of rHDL. fluorescence resonance energy transfer studies employing engineered apoA-I variants possessing a single tryptophan (energy donor) and/or a single cysteine (whose thiol moiety was covalently labeled with an extrinsic energy acceptor) provided evidence that paired apoA-I molecules around the perimeter of rHDL align in an extended antiparallel conformation. Taken together with the observation that the EPR spectra of nitroxide probes positioned at intervening sequence positions (134-145) do not exhibit spin coupling, this has led us to propose a "looped belt" model, wherein residues 133-146 comprise a flexible loop segment that confers to apoA-I an intrinsic ability to adapt its structure to accommodate changing particle lipid content. Specifically, in the looped belt model, with the exception of amino acids 134-145, apoA-I aligns with its counterpart in a helix 5-helix 5 registry, centered at position 139.
ChemInform Abstract: Ca[LiAl3N4]:Eu2+ — A Narrow‐Band Red‐Emitting Nitridolithoaluminate. (2014)

Abstract Ca[LiAl 3 N 4 ]:Eu 2+ is prepared by firing a mixture of Ca, LiAlH 4 , LiN 3 , AlF 3 , and 5 mol% EuF 3 (Ta ampules, 1000 °C, 4.5 h).
Generation of Strongly Ionized Aluminum Plasma in a Low-Temperature Tokamak Discharge (1992)

A new technique to produce a strongly ionized plasma from aluminum metal is achieved by use of the plasma-assisted arc in a tokamak discharge with low temperature (\lesssim10 eV), high electron density (\gtrsim10 12 cm -3 ), and low gas pressure (10 -5 ∼10 -4 Torr). On arcing, the spectral lines of AlI, AlII and AlIII have been observed. Using the comparison spectroscopic method with no need of absolute measurement of spectral line intensity, we obtained the result that doubly ionized aluminum ions are dominant, and the density is estimated to be about 10 11 cm -3 . The aluminum plasma thus produced is useful and has potential for plasma processing, such as thin-film formation of AlN.
Autologous chondrocyte implantation at the knee using a bilayer collagen membrane with bone graft (2005)

Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is a technique used for the treatment of symptomatic osteochondral defects of the knee. A variation of the original periosteum membrane technique is the matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) technique. The MACI membrane consists of a porcine type-I/III collagen bilayer seeded with chondrocytes. Osteochondral defects deeper than 8 to 10 mm usually require bone grafting either before or at the time of transplantation of cartilage. We have used a variation of Peterson's ACI-periosteum sandwich technique using two MACI membranes with bone graft which avoids periosteal harvesting. The procedure is suture-free and requires less operating time and surgical exposure. We performed this MACI-sandwich technique on eight patients, five of whom were assessed at six months and one year post-operatively using the modified Cincinnati knee, the Stanmore functional rating and the visual analogue pain scores. All patients improved within six months with further improvement at one year. The clinical outcome was good or excellent in four after six months and one year. No significant graft-associated complications were observed. Our early results of the MACI-sandwich technique are encouraging although larger medium-term studies are required before there is widespread adoption of the technique.