gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Linear-Time Bottom-Up Discourse Parser with Constraints and Post-Editing (2014)

Text-level discourse parsing remains a challenge. The current state-of-the-art overall accuracy in relation assignment is 55.73%, achieved by However, their model has a high order of time complexity, and thus cannot be applied in practice. In this work, we develop a much faster model whose time complexity is linear in the number of sentences. Our model adopts a greedy bottom-up approach, with two linear-chain CRFs applied in cascade as local classifiers. To enhance the accuracy of the pipeline, we add additional constraints in the Viterbi decoding of the first CRF. In addition to efficiency, our parser also significantly outperforms the state of the art. Moreover, our novel approach of post-editing, which modifies a fully-built tree by considering information from constituents on upper levels, can further improve the accuracy.
Dynamic Bayesian Networks for Audio-Visual Speech Recognition (2002)

The use of visual features in audio-visual speech recognition (AVSR) is justified by both the speech generation mechanism, which is essentially bimodal in audio and visual representation, and by the need for features that are invariant to acoustic noise perturbation. As a result, current AVSR systems demonstrate significant accuracy improvements in environments affected by acoustic noise. In this paper, we describe the use of two statistical models for audio-visual integration, the coupled HMM (CHMM) and the factorial HMM (FHMM), and compare the performance of these models with the existing models used in speaker dependent audio-visual isolated word recognition. The statistical properties of both the CHMM and FHMM allow to model the state asynchrony of the audio and visual observation sequences while preserving their natural correlation over time. In our experiments, the CHMM performs best overall, outperforming all the existing models and the FHMM.
14-3-3 Acts as an Intramolecular Bridge to Regulate cdc25B Localization and Activity (2003)

One of the major regulators of mitosis in somatic cells is cdc25B. cdc25B is tightly regulated at multiple levels. The final activation step involves the regulated binding of 14-3-3 proteins. Previous studies have demonstrated that Ser-323 is a primary 14-3-3 binding site in cdc25B, which influences its activity and cellular localization. 14-3-3 binding to this site appeared to interact with the N-terminal domain of cdc25B to regulate its activity. The presence of consensus 14-3-3 binding sites in the N-terminal domain suggested that the interaction is through direct binding of the 14-3-3 dimer to sites in the N-terminal domain. We have identified Ser-151 and Ser-230 in the N-terminal domain as functional 14-3-3 binding sites utilized by cdc25B in vivo. These low affinity sites cooperate to bind the 14-3-3 dimer bound to the high affinity Ser-323 site, thus forming an intramolecular bridge that constrains cdc25B structure to prevent access of the catalytic site. Loss of 14-3-3 binding to either N-terminal site relaxes cdc25B structure sufficiently to permit access to the catalytic site, and the nuclear export sequence located in the N-terminal domain. Mutation of the Ser-323 site was functionally equivalent to the mutation of all three sites, resulting in the complete loss of 14-3-3 binding, increased access of the catalytic site, and access to nuclear localization sequence.
Driving with knowledge from the physical world (2011)

This paper presents a Cloud-based system computing customized and practically fast driving routes for an end user using (historical and real-time) traffic conditions and driver behavior. In this system, GPS-equipped taxicabs are employed as mobile sensors constantly probing the traffic rhythm of a city and taxi drivers' intelligence in choosing driving directions in the physical world. Meanwhile, a Cloud aggregates and mines the information from these taxis and other sources from the Internet, like Web maps and weather forecast. The Cloud builds a model incorporating day of the week, time of day, weather conditions, and individual driving strategies (both of the taxi drivers and of the end user for whom the route is being computed). Using this model, our system predicts the traffic conditions of a future time (when the computed route is actually driven) and performs a self-adaptive driving direction service for a particular user. This service gradually learns a user's driving behavior from the user's GPS logs and customizes the fastest route for the user with the help of the Cloud. We evaluate our service using a real-world dataset generated by over 33,000 taxis over a period of 3 months in Beijing. As a result, our service accurately estimates the travel time of a route for a user; hence finding the fastest route customized for the user.
The optimal measure of allelic association (2001)

Allelic association between pairs of loci is derived in terms of the association probability rho as a function of recombination theta, effective population size N, linear systematic pressure v, and time t, predicting both rho(rt), the decrease of association from founders and rho(ct), the increase by genetic drift, with rho(t) = rho(rt) + rho(ct). These results conform to the Malecot equation, with time replaced by distance on the genetic map, or on the physical map if recombination in the region is uniform. Earlier evidence suggested that rho is less sensitive to variations in marker allele frequencies than alternative metrics for which there is no probability theory. This robustness is confirmed for six alternatives in eight samples. In none of these 48 tests was the residual variance as small as for rho. Overall, efficiency was less than 80% for all alternatives, and less than 30% for two of them. Efficiency of alternatives did not increase when information was estimated simultaneously. The swept radius within which substantial values of rho are conserved lies between 385 and 893 kb, but deviation of parameters between measures is enormously significant. The large effort now being devoted to allelic association has little value unless the rho metric with the strongest theoretical basis and least sensitivity to marker allele frequencies is used for mapping of marker association and localization of disease loci.
Hard and soft acids and bases, HSAB, part II: Underlying theories (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHard and soft acids and bases, HSAB, part II: Underlying theoriesRalph G. Pearson Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1968, 45, 10, 643Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1968Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 October 1968Published inissue 1 October 1968https://doi.org/10.1021/ed045p643RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views6278Altmetric-Citations800LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (5 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The effect of time of artificial insemination on fertilization status and embryo quality in superovulated cows. (2000)

Thirty nonlactating Holstein cows were superovulated to determine the effect of artificial insemination time on fertilization status and embryo quality. During the luteal phase of the estrous cycle, cows were administered 38 mg FSH-P in a 4-d descending dose regimen. Luteolysis was induced with two injections of prostaglandin on the last day of FSH-P treatment. All cows were continuously monitored for behavioral estrus using the HeatWatch estrus detection system. All cows were inseminated once with one .5-mL straw (50 x 10(6) sperm) at either 0 (n = 10), 12 (n = 10), or 24 h (n = 10) after the first standing event. The elapsed time (mean +/- SD) from the first prostaglandin dose to the first standing event was 39.4 h +/- 7.7 h. The (mean +/- SD) duration of behavioral estrus was 13.2 h +/- 4.1 h. The (mean +/- SD) number of standing events was 27 +/- 17. Five hundred twenty-nine embryos and ova were recovered nonsurgically 6 d after insemination. Fertilization rates were 29 (0 h), 60 (12 h), and 81% (24 h) (P < .01). Percentages of excellent and good, fair and poor, and degenerate embryos were not different (P > .05). Percentages of embryos with accessory sperm were 5 (0 h), 8 (12 h), and 41 (24 h) and differed between the 0 and 24 h and the 12 and 24 h inseminations (P < .01). Artificial insemination of superovulated, nonlactating Holstein cattle 24 h after onset of estrus increased fertilization rate and percentage of embryos with accessory sperm compared with insemination at 0 or 12 h after onset of estrus. Embryo quality was not affected by time of insemination.
The Orphan Nuclear Receptor, RORα, Regulates Gene Expression That Controls Lipid Metabolism (2008)

Homozygous staggerer mice (sg/sg) display decreased and dysfunctional retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor alpha (RORalpha) expression. We observed decreases in serum (and liver) triglycerides and total and high density lipoprotein serum cholesterol in sg/sg mice. Moreover, the sg/sg mice were characterized by reduced adiposity (associated with decreased fat pad mass and adipocyte size). Candidate-based expression profiling demonstrated that the dyslipidemia in sg/sg mice is associated with decreased hepatic expression of SREBP-1c, and the reverse cholesterol transporters, ABCA1 and ABCG1. This is consistent with the reduced serum lipids. The molecular mechanism did not involve aberrant expression of LXR and/or ChREBP. However, ChIP and transfection analyses revealed that RORalpha is recruited to and regulates the activity of the SREBP-1c promoter. Furthermore, the lean phenotype in sg/sg mice is also characterized by significantly increased expression of PGC-1alpha, PGC-1beta, and lipin1 mRNA in liver and white and brown adipose tissue from sg/sg mice. In addition, we observed a significant 4-fold increase in beta(2)-adrenergic receptor mRNA in brown adipose tissue. Finally, dysfunctional RORalpha expression protects against diet-induced obesity. Following a 10-week high fat diet, wild-type but not sg/sg mice exhibited a approximately 20% weight gain, increased hepatic triglycerides, and notable white and brown adipose tissue accumulation. In summary, these changes in gene expression (that modulate lipid homeostasis) in metabolic tissues are involved in decreased adiposity and resistance to diet-induced obesity in the sg/sg mice, despite hyperphagia. In conclusion, we suggest this orphan nuclear receptor is a key modulator of fat accumulation and that selective ROR modulators may have utility in the treatment of obesity.
Probabilistic Prediction of Vehicle Semantic Intention and Motion (2018)

Accurately predicting the possible behaviors of traffic participants is an essential capability for future autonomous vehicles. The majority of current researches fix the number of driving intentions by considering only a specific scenario. However, distinct driving environments usually contain various possible driving maneuvers. Therefore, a intention prediction method that can adapt to different traffic scenarios is needed. To further improve the overall vehicle prediction performance, motion information is usually incorporated with classified intentions. As suggested in some literature, the methods that directly predict possible goal locations can achieve better performance for long-term motion prediction than other approaches due to their automatic incorporation of environment constraints. Moreover, by obtaining the temporal information of the predicted destinations, the optimal trajectories for predicted vehicles as well as the desirable path for ego autonomous vehicle could be easily generated. In this paper, we propose a Semantic-based Intention and Motion Prediction (SIMP) method, which can be adapted to any driving scenarios by using semantic-defined vehicle behaviors. It utilizes a probabilistic framework based on deep neural network to estimate the intentions, final locations, and the corresponding time information for surrounding vehicles. An exemplar real-world scenario was used to implement and examine the proposed method.
Arabidopsis Galactolipid Biosynthesis and Lipid Trafficking Mediated by DGD1 (1999)

The photosynthetic apparatus in plant cells is associated with membranes of the thylakoids within the chloroplast and is embedded into a highly specialized lipid matrix. Diacylglycerol galactolipids are common in thylakoid membranes but are excluded from all others. Isolation of the gene DGD1, encoding a galactosyltransferase-like protein, now provides insights into assembly of the thylakoid lipid matrix and subcellular lipid trafficking in Arabidopsis thaliana.
A neuraminidase from Trypanosoma cruzi removes sialic acid from the surface of mammalian myocardial and endothelial cells. (1986)

Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagasic heart disease, a major public health problem in Latin America. The mechanism of interaction of this protozooan parasite with host cells is poorly understood. We recently found that the infective trypomastigote form a T. cruzi exhibits neuraminidase activity and can desialylate mammalian erythrocytes. However, it is not known if T. cruzi can also modify the surfaces of cardiovascular cells that are directly involved in the most important clinical manifestations of this disease. Accordingly, this study determined whether T. cruzi can remove sialic acid from cultured rat myocardial or human vascular endothelial cells. Sialic acid was labeled metabolically with the precursor 3H-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine. Soluble neuraminidase, isolated from intact T. cruzi trypomastigotes, caused significant release of labeled material from myocardial cells (e.g., 2,174 +/- 27 dpm/h vs. spontaneous release of 306 +/- 30 dpm/h, n = 4, P less than 0.001). Chromatographic analysis showed that the bulk of the radioactivity released by T. cruzi neuraminidase was sialic acid. Intact T. cruzi trypomastigotes also released sialic acid from metabolically labeled myocardial cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, a noninfective form of T. cruzi, the amastigote, did not desialylate these cells. Galactose oxidase labeling demonstrated newly desialylated glycoproteins on the surface of myocardial cells treated with T. cruzi neuraminidase. Desialylation of myocardial cells was confirmed histochemically by the appearance of binding sites for peanut agglutinin, a lectin that binds to complex oligosaccharide moieties after removal of the terminal sialyl residue. T. cruzi neuraminidase also removed sialic acid from adult human saphenous vein endothelial cells, as determined by both histochemical and metabolic labeling studies. Thus, infective forms of T. cruzi can chemically modify the surfaces of myocardial and vascular endothelial cells by desialylation. This alteration may play a role in the initial interaction of this parasite with these important target cells of the host cardiovascular system.
Comparative Studies of Protein Crystallization by Vapour-Diffusion and Microbatch Techniques (1998)

Numerous reports have been published in the literature which describe the crystallization of macromolecules by a variety of crystallization methods, including the vapour-diffusion and microbatch techniques. This topical review compares the results of examples of proteins which were crystallized by both vapour-diffusion and microbatch methods. The inherent features of the vapour-diffusion and microbatch methods are discussed and some specific conditions where one method appears more favourable than the other are reported. Guidelines for the conversion of crystallization conditions from vapour diffusion to microbatch (and vice versa) are also presented.
Receptor for interleukin 13 is abundantly and specifically over-expressed in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. (1999)

We have recently documented that the vast majority of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) over-express a receptor (R) for interleukin 13 (IL13) in situ. We have now evaluated further the degree of relative specificity of the binding of IL13 to GBM when compared with other growth factor receptors. Tumor samples of 11 patients with GBM, 7 various normal brain samples, and several cell lines in culture were examined. Same patient tissue sections were incubated with 125I-labeled: IL13, monoclonal antibody HB21 against human transferrin (Tf) receptor, epidermal growth factor (EGF), and an IL4 antagonist, IL4.Y124D. All 11 GBMs stained specifically, densely, and relatively homogeneously for both IL13R and TfR. Seven GBM specimens showed specific binding for 125I-EGF, but it was less homogeneous when compared with IL13R or TfR. Two of the GBMs studied demonstrated extremely high density of the EGFR. Furthermore, we did not detect significant presence of the IL4R in the studied GBM specimens in situ. All sections of non-malignant brain tissues examined showed avid binding by the TfR with lack of consistent and specific binding of 125I-IL13 or -EGF. Thus, it appears that the GBM-associated IL13R is considerably more specific to GBM that the one for Tf and more frequently and homogeneously expressed than the EGFR. These results render further support for the hIL13R being a new unique candidate for delivery of variety of anti-GBM therapies.
UL16-Binding Proteins, Novel MHC Class I-Related Proteins, Bind to NKG2D and Activate Multiple Signaling Pathways in Primary NK Cells (2002)

The UL16-binding proteins (ULBPs) are a novel family of MHC class I-related molecules that were identified as targets of the human CMV glycoprotein, UL16. We have previously shown that ULBP expression renders a relatively resistant target cell sensitive to NK cytotoxicity, presumably by engaging NKG2D, an activating receptor expressed by NK and other immune effector cells. In this study we show that NKG2D is the ULBP counterstructure on primary NK cells and that its expression is up-regulated by IL-15 stimulation. Soluble forms of ULBPs induce marked protein tyrosine phosphorylation, and activation of the Janus kinase 2, STAT5, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase)/Akt signal transduction pathways. ULBP-induced activation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase and ULBP-induced IFN-gamma production are blocked by inhibitors of PI 3-kinase, consistent with the known binding of PI 3-kinase to DAP10, the membrane-bound signal-transducing subunit of the NKG2D receptor. While all three ULBPs activate the same signaling pathways, ULBP3 was found to bind weakly and to induce the weakest signal. In summary, we have shown that NKG2D is the ULBP counterstructure on primary NK cells and for the first time have identified signaling pathways that are activated by NKG2D ligands. These results increase our understanding of the mechanisms by which NKG2D activates immune effector cells and may have implications for immune surveillance against pathogens and tumors.
Downstream VDSL channel tracking using limited feedback for crosstalk precompensated schemes (2006)

With increasing bandwidths and decreasing loop lengths, crosstalk becomes the main impairment in VDSL systems. For downstream communication, crosstalk precompensation techniques have been designed to cope with this issue by using the collocation of the transmitters. These techniques naturally need an accurate estimation of the crosstalk channel impulse responses. We investigate the issue of tracking these channels. Due to the lack of coordination between the receivers, and because the amplitude levels of the remaining crosstalk channels after precompensation are very low, blind estimation schemes are inefficient in this case. So some part of the upstream or downstream bit rate needs to be used to help the estimation. In this paper, we design a new algorithm to try to limit the bandwidth used for the estimation purpose by exploiting the collocation at the transmitter side. The principle is to use feedback from the receiver to the transmitter instead of using pilots in the downstream signal. It is shown by simulations that the proposed estimation is more efficient, in terms of needed overhead, than a classical scheme using pilot symbols.
Molecular basis of tetracycline action: identification of analogs whose primary target is not the bacterial ribosome (1991)

Tetracycline analogs fell into two classes on the basis of their mode of action. Tetracycline, chlortetracycline, minocycline, doxycycline, and 6-demethyl-6-deoxytetracycline inhibited cell-free translation directed by either Escherichia coli or Bacillus subtilis extracts. A second class of analogs tested, including chelocardin, anhydrotetracycline, 6-thiatetracycline, anhydrochlortetracycline, and 4-epi-anhydrochlortetracycline, failed to inhibit protein synthesis in vitro or were very poor inhibitors. Tetracyclines of the second class, however, rapidly inhibited the in vivo incorporation of precursors into DNA and RNA as well as protein. The class 2 compounds therefore have a mode of action that is entirely distinct from the class 1 compounds, such as tetracycline that are used clinically. Although tetracyclines of the second class entered the cytoplasm, the ability of these analogs to inhibit macromolecular synthesis suggests that the cytoplasmic membrane is their primary site of action. The interaction of class 1 and class 2 tetracyclines with ribosomes was studied by examining their effects on the chemical reactivity of bases in 16S rRNA to dimethyl sulfate. Class 1 analogs affected the reactivity of bases to dimethyl sulfate. The response with class 2 tetracyclines varied, with some analogs affecting reactivity and others (chelocardin and 4-epi-anhydrotetracycline) not.
Using Valgrind to detect undefined value errors with bit-precision (2005)

We present Memcheck, a tool that has been implemented with the dynamic binary instrumentation framework Valgrind. Memcheck detects a wide range of memory errors in programs as they run. This paper focuses on one kind of error that Memcheck detects: undefined value errors. Such errors are common, and often cause bugs that are hard to find in programs written in languages such as C, C++ and Fortran. Memcheck's definedness checking improves on that of previous tools by being accurate to the level of individual bits. This accuracy gives Memcheck a low false positive and false negative rate.

The definedness checking involves shadowing every bit of data in registers and memory with a second bit that indicates if the bit has a defined value. Every value-creating operation is instrumented with a shadow operation that propagates shadow bits appropriately. Memcheck uses these shadow bits to detect uses of undefined values that could adversely affect a program's behaviour.

Under Memcheck, programs typically run 20-30 times slower than normal. This is fast enough to use with large programs. Memcheck finds many errors in real programs, and has been used during the past two years by thousands of programmers on a wide range of systems, including OpenOffice, Mozilla, Opera, KDE, GNOME, MySQL, Perl, Samba, The GIMP, and Unreal Tournament.