gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enrichment of suppressor T cells by means of binding to monophosphoryl lipid A (1990)

The binding and elution of spleen cells from plastic dishes coated with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) resulted in a greater than 1,000-fold enrichment of antigen-specific suppressor T-cell (TS) activity when spleen cells from mice 18 to 24 h after exposure to a low dose of type III pneumonococcal polysaccharide (SSS-III) were used. The removal of MPL-adherent TS cells resulted in an increase in the degree of amplifier T-cell (TA) activity present in the remaining MPL-nonadherent cell fraction; however, both TS and TA activities were found in the MPL-adherent cell fraction when spleen cells from mice 4 days after immunization with an optimal dose of SSS-III were examined. These findings, as well as others, suggest that both TS and TA, once activated, acquire a cell surface receptor that enables them to bind to MPL. Because of differences in the kinetics for the activation of TS and TA during the course of the antibody response and the fact that TS, but not TA, activity appears as early as 18 to 24 h after exposure to SSS-III, it is possible to use this experimental approach to obtain cell suspensions greatly enriched in TS activity.
l -Malate Production by Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli (2010)

Escherichia coli strains (KJ060 and KJ073) that were previously developed for succinate production have now been modified for malate production. Many unexpected changes were observed during this investigation. The initial strategy of deleting fumarase isoenzymes was ineffective, and succinate continued to accumulate. Surprisingly, a mutation in fumarate reductase alone was sufficient to redirect carbon flow into malate even in the presence of fumarase. Further deletions were needed to inactivate malic enzymes (typically gluconeogenic) and prevent conversion to pyruvate. However, deletion of these genes (sfcA and maeB) resulted in the unexpected accumulation of D-lactate despite the prior deletion of mgsA and ldhA and the absence of apparent lactate dehydrogenase activity. Although the metabolic source of this D-lactate was not identified, lactate accumulation was increased by supplementation with pyruvate and decreased by the deletion of either pyruvate kinase gene (pykA or pykF) to reduce the supply of pyruvate. Many of the gene deletions adversely affected growth and cell yield in minimal medium under anaerobic conditions, and volumetric rates of malate production remained low. The final strain (XZ658) produced 163 mM malate, with a yield of 1.0 mol (mol glucose(-1)), half of the theoretical maximum. Using a two-stage process (aerobic cell growth and anaerobic malate production), this engineered strain produced 253 mM malate (34 g liter(-1)) within 72 h, with a higher yield (1.42 mol mol(-1)) and productivity (0.47 g liter(-1) h(-1)). This malate yield and productivity are equal to or better than those of other known biocatalysts.
Augmentation by Erythropoietin of the Fetal-Hemoglobin Response to Hydroxyurea in Sickle Cell Disease (1993)

Intravenous recombinant erythropoietin with iron supplementation alternating with hydroxyurea elevates fetal-hemoglobin and F-cell levels more than hydroxyurea alone. Such increases decrease intracellular polymerization of hemoglobin S and improve the overall rheologic characteristics of erythrocytes. A reduced dosage of hydroxyurea alternating with erythropoietin may prove less myelotoxic than hydroxyurea given daily or in pulsed-dose regimens. It may also increase levels of fetal hemoglobin in patients with sickle cell disease who have not been helped by hydroxyurea alone.
DCT-Domain Image Registration Techniques for Compressed Video (2005)

A technique for image registration in compressed video, such as motion JPEG or the I-picture of MPEG, is investigated. The technique is based on DCT (discrete cosine transform) coefficient matching. First, the coarse edge features are extracted by applying several edge detectors to luminance DC coefficients. Each detector generates one difference map for a single input image. A threshold is set up for each difference map to produce a binary map. Then, the alignment parameters are determined based on the binary maps of both input images generated by the same detector. Finally, the actual displacement in the pixel domain is calculated by averaging parameters from all detectors. Experimental results show that the proposed method reduces the computational cost of image registration dramatically as compared with the pixel domain and edge-based DCT domain registration techniques, while achieving a certain quality of composition.
Loss of Antibody Productivity During Long-Term Cultivation of a Hybridoma Cell Line in Low Serum and Serum-Free Media (1990)

A murine hybridoma cell line (167.4G5.3) was adapted to grow in different serum concentrations over a six month period of time. Adaptation to low serum and to serum-free media improved growth rates, but at low serum (1.25%) the antibody productivity was diminished. Flow cytometric analysis showed the presence of two distinct cell populations with respect to intracellular and surface antibody concentrations. The loss in antibody productivity during adaptation could be attributed to the appearance of a low antibody-containing cell population. Cultures maintained at high serum concentrations did not loose the original high antibody productivity. In a separate experiment the kinetics of growth improvement and loss of antibody production were studied for adaptation from 5% to 1.25% serum-containing media. Over a time period of about four months, the population shifted completely from high-producing cells to low-producing ones in response to the 1.25% environment. A shift-up from 1.25% to 20% serum resulted in the elimination of the low producing population. These results suggest that, for the cell line used, serum-containing factors prevent the loss of antibody productivity.
Application of balancing methods in modeling the penicillin fermentation (1979)

This paper shows the application of elementary balancing methods in combination with simple kinetic equations in the formulation of an unstructured model for the fed-batch process for the production of penicillin. The rate of substrate uptake is modeled with a Monod-type relationship. The specific penicillin production rate is assumed to be a function of growth rate. Hydrolysis of penicillin to penicilloic acid is assumed to be first order in penicillin. In simulations with the present model it is shown that the model, although assuming a strict relationship between specific growth rate and penicillin productivity, allows for the commonly observed lag phase in the penicillin concentration curve and the apparent separation between growth and production phase (idiophase-trophophase concept). Furthermore it is shown that the feed rate profile during fermentation is of vital importance in the realization of a high production rate throughout the duration of the fermentation. It is emphasized that the method of modeling presented may also prove rewarding for an analysis of fermentation processes other than the penicillin fermentation.
Genetic risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2002)

Cigarette smoking is the major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, only a minority of cigarette smokers develop symptomatic disease. Family and twin studies suggest that genetic factors also contribute to the development of COPD. We present a detailed literature review of the genes which have been investigated as potential risk factors for this disease.
Perceptual coding of narrowband audio signals at 8 kbit/s (2002)

This paper proposes a VQ-based transform coding scheme for audio signals (sampled at 8 kHz) at very low bit rates. This coder uses a new perceptually based distortion measure, which takes into account the energy of audible noise, in both training the codebooks and selecting the best codewords. An adaptive bit allocation strategy based on the distribution of the energy of the transform coefficients above the masking threshold is employed to assign more bits to perceptually important critical bands. This coder delivers good quality for most audio signals at 1 bit/sample.
Low cellular IRS 1 gene and protein expression predict insulin resistance and NIDDM (1999)

We examined the gene and protein expression of IRS 1 (insulin receptor substrate 1) in adipocytes from two groups of healthy individuals with an increased propensity for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM): those with two first-degree relatives with diabetes and another group with massive obesity. A low expression of IRS 1 (</=50% of the matched control group) was seen in approximately 30% of both groups and these individuals were characterized by insulin resistance and its hallmarks: higher levels of insulin, glucose, and triglycerides. Two individuals with previously unknown NIDDM were diagnosed and both had low IRS 1 expression. Low IRS 1 protein expression was associated with low mRNA levels but not with the common Gly972Arg polymorphism of the IRS 1 gene. Taken together, our present and previous findings show that a low expression of IRS 1 in fat cells predicts insulin resistance and NIDDM. Furthermore, they support the likelihood that an impaired transcriptional activation may play a key role in the pathogenesis of NIDDM.-Carvalho, E., Jansson, P.-A., Axelsen, M., Eriksson, J. W., Huang, X., Groop, L., Rondinone, C., Sjöström, L., Smith, U. Low cellular IRS 1 gene and protein expression predict insulin resistance and NIDDM.
Core substructure in cyanobacterial phycobilisomes (1983)

The tricylindrical core of Synechocystis 6701 phycobilisomes is made up of four types of allophycocyanin-containing complexes: A, (alpha AP beta AP)3; B, (alpha AP beta AP)3 .10K; C, (alpha APB1 alpha AP2 beta AP3).10K; D, (alpha AP beta AP)2.18.5K.99K; where AP is allophycocyanin, APB is allophycocyanin B, and 10K, 18.5K, and 99K are polypeptides of 10,000, 18,500, and 99,000 daltons, respectively. The 18.5K polypeptide is a hitherto unrecognized biliprotein subunit with a single phycocyanobilin prosthetic group. The tricylindrical core is made up of 12 subcomplexes in the molar ratio of A:B:C:D: of 4:4:2:2. Complexes C and D act as terminal energy acceptors. From these results and previous analysis of the bicylindrical core of Synechococcus 6301 phycobilisomes [14,15] it is proposed that the two cylinders of the Synechocystis 6701 core, proximal to the thylakoid membrane, each have the composition ABCD, and that the distal cylinder has the composition A2B2.
Adult Burkitt leukemia and lymphoma (2004)

The World Health Organization Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms identifies Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia as a highly aggressive mature B-cell neoplasm consisting of endemic, sporadic, and immunodeficiency-associated variants. These subtypes share many morphologic and immunophenotypic features, but differences exist in their clinical and geographic presentations. All of these subtypes possess chromosomal rearrangements of the c-myc oncogene, the genetic hallmark of Burkitt lymphoma that contributes to lymphomagenesis through alterations in cell cycle regulation, cellular differentiation, apoptosis, cellular adhesion, and metabolism. Brief-duration, high-intensity chemotherapy regimens containing aggressive central nervous system prophylaxis have had remarkable success in the treatment of this disease, with complete remission rates of 75% to 90% and overall survivals reaching 50% to 70% in adults. Although Burkitt lymphoma cells are extremely chemosensitive, biologically targeted therapies should be developed because current treatment options are suboptimal for patients with poor prognostic features or in the setting of relapsed disease.
Therapeutic Effect of Camostat Mesilate on Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy in mdx Mice (2003)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is known to be caused by a defective gene of dystrophin, a 427-kDa cytoskeletal protein, but the effective therapeutic drug is presently unavailable. We previously reported that a trypsin-like protease designated as dystrypsin is markedly activated in the muscle microsomal fraction immediately before onset of the clinical signs in mdx mice, a dystrophin-deficient hereditary animal model for human Duchenne muscular dystrophy. In order to examine the possible participation of dystrypsin in the occurrence of the disease, we investigated the therapeutic effects of dystrypsin inhibitors on the occurrence and progress of muscular dystrophy. Here, we show that camostat mesilate, a low-molecular-weight inhibitor of trypsin-like proteases, including dystrypsin, is a candidate drug for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
PV array simulator development and validation (2010)

The ability to harvest all available energy from a photovoltaic (PV) array is essential if new system developments are to meet levelized cost of energy targets and achieve grid parity with conventional centralized utility power. Therefore, exercising maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms, dynamic irradiance condition operation and startup and shutdown routines and evaluating inverter performance with various PV module fill-factor characteristics must be performed with a repeatable, reliable PV source. Sandia National Laboratories is collaborating with Ametek Programmable Power to develop and demonstrate a multi-port TerraSAS PV array simulator.
Personnel and Human Resource Management Choices and Organisational Strategy (1988)

"When we classified ... [our] ... businesses, and when we realized that they were going to have quite different missions, we also realized we had to have quite different people running them. That was where we began to see the need to meld our human resources planning and management with the strategic planning we were doing." (Reginald H. Jones, former chair man and CEO of the General Electric Co.)"I believe the only game in town is the personnel game ... My theory is if you have the right person in the right place, you don't have to do anything else ... If 'you don't have the right person in the right place, 'you have a problem. If you have the wrong person in the job, there's no management system known to man that can save you." (Walter Wriston, former Chairman and CEO of Citicorp)
Expression of latent human immunodeficiency type 1 is induced by novel and selective histone deacetylase inhibitors (2009)

Further development of selective HDAC inhibitors as part of a clinical strategy to target persistent HIV infection is warranted.
Thermally Responsive Injectable Hydrogel Incorporating Methacrylate-Polylactide for Hydrolytic Lability (2010)

Injectable thermoresponsive hydrogels are of interest for a variety of biomedical applications, including regional tissue mechanical support as well as drug and cell delivery. Within this class of materials there is a need to provide options for gels with stronger mechanical properties as well as variable degradation profiles. To address this need, the hydrolytically labile monomer, methacrylate-polylactide (MAPLA), with an average 2.8 lactic acid units, was synthesized and copolymerized with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) to obtain bioabsorbable thermally responsive hydrogels. Poly(NIPAAm-co-HEMA-co-MAPLA) with three monomer feed ratios (84/10/6, 82/10/8, and 80/10/10) was synthesized and characterized with NMR, FTIR, and GPC. The copolymers were soluble in saline at reduced temperature (<10 degrees C), forming clear solutions that increased in viscosity with the MAPLA feed ratio. The copolymers underwent sol-gel transition at lower critical solution temperatures of 12.4, 14.0, and 16.2 degrees C, respectively, and solidified immediately upon being placed in a 37 degrees C water bath. The warmed hydrogels gradually excluded water to reach final water contents of approximately 45%. The hydrogels as formed were mechanically strong, with tensile strengths as high as 100 kPa and shear moduli of 60 kPa. All three hydrogels were completely degraded (solubilized) in PBS over a 6-7 month period at 37 degrees C, with a higher MAPLA feed ratio resulting in a faster degradation period. Culture of primary vascular smooth muscle cells with degradation solutions demonstrated a lack of cytotoxicity. The synthesized hydrogels provide new options for biomaterial injection therapy where increased mechanical strength and relatively slow resorption rates would be attractive.
General Inverse Solid-Phase Synthesis Method for C-Terminally Modified Peptide Mimetics (2004)

Peptide mimetics are of considerable interest as bioactive agents and drugs. C-terminally modified peptide mimetics are of particular interest given the synthetic versatility of the carboxyl group and its derivatives. A general approach to C-terminally modified peptide mimetics, based on a urethane attachment strategy and amino acid t-butyl ester-based N-to-C peptide synthesis, is described. This approach is compatible with the reaction conditions generally employed for solution-phase peptide mimetic synthesis. To develop and demonstrate this approach, it was employed for the solid-phase synthesis of peptide trifluoromethyl ketones, peptide boronic acids, and peptide hydroxamic acids. The development of a versatile general approach to C-terminally modified peptides using readily available starting materials provides a basis for the combinatorial and parallel solid-phase synthesis of these peptide mimetic classes for bioactive agent screening and also provides a basis for the further development of solid-phase C-terminal functional group elaboration strategies.
Pocket cloudlets (2011)

Cloud services accessed through mobile devices suffer from high network access latencies and are constrained by energy budgets dictated by the devices' batteries. Radio and battery technologies will improve over time, but are still expected to be the bottlenecks in future systems. Non-volatile memories (NVM), however, may continue experiencing significant and steady improvements in density for at least ten more years. In this paper, we propose to leverage the abundance in memory capacity of mobile devices to mitigate latency and energy issues when accessing cloud services.
IL-23 produced by CNS-resident cells controls T cell encephalitogenicity during the effector phase of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2003)

CNS-resident cells, in particular microglia and macrophages, are a source of inflammatory cytokines during inflammation within the CNS. Expression of IL-23, a recently discovered cytokine, has been shown to be critical for the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice. Expression of the p40 subunit of IL-12 and IL-23 by microglia has been shown in situ and in vitro, but direct evidence for a functional significance of p40 expression by CNS cells during an immune response in vivo is still lacking. Here we report that p40 plays a critical role in maintaining encephalitogenicity during the disease course. By using irradiation bone marrow chimeras, we have generated mice in which p40 is deleted from the CNS parenchyma but not the systemic immune compartment. Our studies show that p40 expressed by CNS-endogenous cells is critical for the development of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced EAE. In spite of the reduced clinical disease, the absence of p40 from the CNS has little impact on the degree of inflammation. Expression profiles of the CNS lesions show an increase in Th2 cytokines when compared with mice that develop EAE in the presence of CNS IL-12 and/or IL-23. Taken together, our data demonstrate that p40 expression by CNS-resident cells forms the basis for the Th1 bias of the CNS.
Phase I dose escalation of paclitaxel in patients with advanced ovarian cancer receiving cisplatin: rapid development of neurotoxicity is dose-limiting. (1997)

The MTD of paclitaxel was determined to be 225 mg/m2 when administered as a 3-hour infusion and combined with cisplatin (75 mg/m2). Nonhematologic dose-limiting toxicities were neuropathy and diarrhea. The neuropathy often had a rapid onset, especially at the higher dose levels.
Microdissection and Measurement of Polytene Chromosomes Using the Atomic Force Microscope (1994)

A method to isolate specific regions of the Drosophila polytene chromosome using an atomic force microscope (AFM) was explored. The AFM was used for the microdissection of the locus of interest with much greater precision than standard microdissection techniques. The amplification of DNA isolated in this fashion by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is discussed. A study of the effect of hydration level on gross chromosome structure was carried out. It was shown that chromosome swelling is dependent upon humidity or the buffered medium. The significance of this swelling with respect to studies of chromosome structure under physiological conditions is considered.
A role for estrogen receptor β in the regulation of growth of the ventral prostate (2001)

In normal rats and mice, immunostaining with specific antibodies revealed that nuclei of most prostatic epithelial cells harbor estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta). In rat ventral prostate, 530- and 549-aa isoforms of the receptor were identified. These sediment in the 4S region of low-salt sucrose gradients, indicating that prostatic ERbeta does not contain the same protein chaperones that are associated with ERalpha. Estradiol (E(2)) binding and ERbeta immunoreactivity coincide on the gradient, with no indication of ERalpha. In prostates from mice in which the ERbeta gene has been inactivated (BERKO), androgen receptor (AR) levels are elevated, and the tissue contains multiple hyperplastic foci. Most epithelial cells express the proliferation antigen Ki-67. In contrast, prostatic epithelium from wild-type littermates is single layered with no hyperplasia, and very few cells express Ki-67. Rat ventral prostate contains an estrogenic component, which comigrates on HPLC with the testosterone metabolite 5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol (3betaAdiol). This compound, which competes with E(2) for binding to ERbeta and elicits an estrogenic response in the aorta but not in the pituitary, decreases the AR content in prostates of wild-type mice but does not affect the elevated levels seen in ERbeta knockout (BERKO) mice. Thus ERbeta, probably as a complex with 3betaAdiol, is involved in regulating the AR content of the rodent prostate and in restraining epithelial growth. These findings suggest that ligands specific for ERbeta may be useful in the prevention and/or clinical management of prostatic hyperplasia and neoplasia.
Properties of Aluminum-coated Steels for Hot-forming (2003)

Production of parts with high strength by means of hot-forming process has been receiving considerable attention lately. Application of aluminized steel with good hardenability for this process has been investigated*. Tensile strength over than 1,500MPa was obtained with steel containing around 0.2mass% C. Surface coated layer changed from Al-10% Si to Fe-Al(-Si) phases through the hot-forming proc- ess. The steel with Fe-Al(-Si) surface layer showed good paintability even without phosphatized treatment. After painting, they showed good corrosion resistance in JASO-CCT as galvanized steel did. The steel showed good spot weldability due to the stable surface layer at high temperature. (*license product within the frame of glob- al strategic alliance with Arcelor (USIBOR1500))