gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Delivery of folates to the cytoplasm of MA104 cells is mediated by a surface membrane receptor that recycles. (1988)

MA104 cells, as well as several other rapidly dividing tissue culture cells, have a folate-binding protein associated with their cell surface. The protein has the properties of a membrane receptor: (a) 5-methyl[3H]tetrahydrofolic acid binds with high affinity (Kd approximately equal to 3 nM); (b) the protein is an integral membrane protein; (c) it appears to deliver physiological concentrations of 5-methyl[3H]tetrahydrofolic acid to the inside of the cell; (d) binding activity is regulated by the concentration of folate within the cell. To better understand the mechanism of action of this receptor, we have studied the pathway of folate internalization. We present evidence that during internalization: (a) folate binds to the membrane receptor; (b) the ligand-receptor complex moves into the cell; (c) the ligand is released from the receptor in an acidic intracellular compartment and moves into the cytoplasm; and (d) the unoccupied receptor returns to the cell surface.
Infiltration of Silica Inside Fibrillar Collagen (2011)

A biosilicification approach based on infiltration of fluidic choline-stabilized silicic acid precursors into polyallylamine-enriched collagen fibrils is presented. The latter serve as template and catalyst for intrafibrillar polymerization of the silica precursors to reproduce the cross-banding and microfibrillar architecture of collagen fibrils. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Biologically inspired crack trapping for enhanced adhesion (2007)

We present a synthetic adaptation of the fibrillar adhesion surfaces found in nature. The structure consists of protruding fibrils topped by a thin plate and shows an experimentally measured enhancement in adhesion energy of up to a factor of 9 over a flat control. Additionally, this structure solves the robustness problems of previous mimic structures and has preferred contact properties (i.e., a large surface area and a highly compliant structure). We show that this geometry enhances adhesion because of its ability to trap interfacial cracks in highly compliant contact regimes between successive fibril detachments. This results in the requirement that the externally supplied energy release rate for interfacial separation be greater than the intrinsic work of adhesion, in a manner analogous to lattice trapping of cracks in crystalline solids.
Characterization of platelet endoglycosidase degrading heparin-like polysaccharides (1980)

An endoglycosidase (heparitinase) acting on heparin and heparan sulfate was partially purified (approximately 300 times) from human platelets by affinity chromatography on heparan sulfate substituted Sepharose. Only heparin-like polysaccharides were degraded by the enzyme. The susceptibility of various biosynthetic heparin intermediates indicated that the platelet heparitinase had a requirement for sulfamino but not ester sulfate groups. No activity toward other uronic acid containing glycosaminoglycans could be demonstrated. Glucuronidic but not glucosaminidic linkages in heparin or heparan sulfate were attacked by the enzyme as shown by analysis of the reducing sugar moiety in oligosaccharide products. The anticoagulant activity of heparin, determined in an antithrombin III activation assay, was markedly reduced after treatment with the heparitinase. The enzyme was released from its storage site in platelets after induction of the platelet release reaction. The physiological function of platelet heparitinase is not known but may be to modify extracellular heparin-like polysaccharides in the vascular system.
Analysis and performance of fiber composites (2nd revised and enlarged edition) (1990)

A comprehensive introduction is presented to engineering practices in the field of fiber-reinforced thermosetting and thermoplastic polymer matrix composites. After discussing the characteristics of the glass fibers that constitute the most commonly encountered reinforcement for these materials, carbon/graphite, aramid, and boron reinforcements are treated and the polymer matrix properties of greatest significance for resulting composite mechanical behavior are discussed. Attention is then given to the behavior of unidirectional composites, the design of short-fiber composites, the analysis of orthotropic lamina and of laminated composites, and the fatigue, impact, and environmental susceptibility of composites, as well as the methods used for their characterization.
Optical tracking using projective invariant marker pattern properties (2003)

We describe a novel optical tracker algorithm for the tracking of interaction devices in virtual and augmented reality. The tracker uses invariant properties of marker patterns to efficiently identify and reconstruct the pose of these interaction devices. Since invariant properties are sensitive to noise in the 2D marker positions, an offline training session is used to determine deviations in these properties. These deviations are taken into account when searching for the patterns once the tracker is used.
Overriding Imatinib Resistance with a Novel ABL Kinase Inhibitor (2004)

Resistance to the ABL kinase inhibitor imatinib (STI571 or Gleevec) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) occurs through selection for tumor cells harboring BCR-ABL kinase domain point mutations that interfere with drug binding. Crystallographic studies predict that most imatinib-resistant mutants should remain sensitive to inhibitors that bind ABL with less stringent conformational requirements. BMS-354825 is an orally bioavailable ABL kinase inhibitor with two-log increased potency relative to imatinib that retains activity against 14 of 15 imatinib-resistant BCR-ABL mutants. BMS-354825 prolongs survival of mice with BCR-ABL-driven disease and inhibits proliferation of BCR-ABL-positive bone marrow progenitor cells from patients with imatinib-sensitive and imatinib-resistant CML. These data illustrate how molecular insight into kinase inhibitor resistance can guide the design of second-generation targeted therapies.
Assay technologies for screening ion channel targets. (2001)

The sequence of the human genome will soon provide researchers with hundreds of new ion channel genes. To create a successful ion channel drug discovery program, it is necessary to quickly develop reliable and robust high-throughput screening (HTS) assays for those ion channels implicated in important diseases. Ion channels are dynamic proteins, and therefore require assays that 'sense' their various functional states. Competition-binding assays, although successfully used for other target classes, often fail to identify ligands that modulate specific ion channel functions. Cell-based functional assays, therefore, are preferred for HTS of ion channel targets. In this review, we evaluate the various cell-based assays available for ion channels, and discuss future directions for assay improvements.
Die rol van uitvoere in die rooivleis-waardeketting (2017)

Hoewel Suid-Afrika nog ’n groentjie op die gebied van rooivleisuitvoere is (met ’n kort geskiedenis wat maar na 2012 terug dateer), het die land se hoe standaard van beesvleisproduksie die potensiaal om uit te brei. Vir produsente beteken uitvoere meer markte, groter diversiteit en minder druk op ’n ooraanbod aan een spesifieke mark – veral die plaaslike een.
Vascular addressins are induced on islet vessels during insulitis in nonobese diabetic mice and are involved in lymphoid cell binding to islet endothelium. (1993)

In the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse, lymphocytic and monocytic infiltration of the pancreatic islets leads to beta cell destruction. To investigate the mechanisms by which lymphocytes enter the NOD pancreas, pancreata were immunostained using monoclonal antibodies to a variety of adhesion molecules known to be involved in lymphocyte binding to vascular endothelium, an initial step in the migration of lymphocytes from blood into organized lymphoid and inflamed tissues. These adhesion molecules include: lymphocyte homing receptors involved in tissue-selective binding of lymphocytes to peripheral lymph node (L-selectin) or mucosal lymphoid tissue (LPAM-1, alpha 4 beta 7-integrin) high-endothelial venules (HEV); and HEV ligands peripheral vascular addressin (PNAd) and mucosal vascular addressin (MAdCAM-1). In NOD pancreata, alpha 4 beta 7 is expressed on most infiltrating cells at all stages of insulitis, whereas L-selectin expression is more pronounced on cells in the islets at later stages. During the development of insulitis, MAdCAM-1 and to a lesser extent PNAd became detectable on vascular endothelium adjacent to and within the inflamed islets. The Stamper-Woodruff in vitro assay was used to examine lymphoid cell binding to such vessels. These functional assays show that both the mucosal (MAdCAM-1/alpha 4 beta 7) and the peripheral (PNAd/L-selectin) recognition systems are involved in this binding. Our findings demonstrate that expression of peripheral and mucosal vascular addressins is induced on endothelium in inflamed islets in NOD pancreas, and that these addressins participate in binding lymphoid cells via their homing receptors. This suggests that these adhesion molecules play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes in these mice by being involved in the migration of lymphocytes from blood into the inflamed pancreas.
Prevention of Staphylococcus aureus Infections by Glycoprotein Vaccines Synthesized in Escherichia coli (2013)

Glycoengineering technology, whereby polysaccharide and protein antigens are enzymatically linked in a simple E. coli production system, has broad applicability for use in vaccine development against encapsulated microbial pathogens.
Updating distributed variables in local computations (1990)

Abstract This paper describes special aspects of MIMD parallelization in SUPERB. SUPERB is an interactive SIMD/MIMD parallelizing system for the SUPRENUM machine. The main topic of this paper is the updating of distributed variables in parallelized applications. The intended applications perform local computations on a large data domain.
Association of an A/C single nucleotide polymorphism in programmed cell death-ligand 1 gene with Graves' disease in Japanese patients. (2008)

An A/C polymorphism at position 8923 in PD-L1 is associated with GD. The PD-L1 polymorphism plays a role in GD development. GD patients with the C allele at position 8923 in PD-L1 gene had difficulty in achieving remission.
Conformationally restricted bicyclic analogs of somatostatin. (1978)

A model for a biologically active conformation of somatostatin is proposed. This model is based primarily on the biological results obtained with novel bicyclic somatostatin analogs having a covalent bridge replacing the side chains of residues 5 and 10, 6 and 11, and 5 and 12, respectively, rather than on physical measurements on the hormone in solution. The high activity of an analog in which Phe6 and Phe11 are replaced by cystine provides evidence that these phenylalanines stabilize the biologically active conformer through "hydrophobic bonding" but do not directly interact with the receptor. The synthesis of the novel bicyclic analogs of somatostatin and the effects of these on the inhibition of secretion of insulin, glucagon, growth hormone, and gastric acid are described.
Antigenic and molecular analyses of the variability of bovine respiratory syncytial virus G glycoprotein. (1997)

Antigenic variation among eight bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) isolates was determined using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for the attachment (G) protein. Two major (and one intermediate) subgroups were identified, as well as one strain that did not fit any pattern. The subgroups could also be differentiated on the basis of the Mr of the F protein cleavage product, F2. The nucleotide sequence of the G gene of seven of the BRSV strains was determined and compared with published G gene sequences. Subgroups A and A/B were more closely related in protein sequence than subgroups A and B or subgroups A/B and B. These results could not be correlated with those obtained by the determination of the Mr of the F2 polypeptide. Multiple sequence alignments showed a high level of amino acid identity at the inter-subgroup level (85% identity between subgroup A and subgroup B strains), similar to the intra-subgroup human (H)RSV identity, suggesting that the BRSV isolates form a continuum rather than distinct subgroups. However, unusual variability was observed within the immunodominant domain (amino acids 174-188) in contrast with the situation in HRSV strains belonging to the same subgroup.
Intracellular Assessment of ATP Levels in Caenorhabditis elegans (2016)

Eukaryotic cells heavily depend on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generated by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) within mitochondria. ATP is the major energy currency molecule, which fuels cell to carry out numerous processes, including growth, differentiation, transportation and cell death among others (Khakh and Burnstock, 2009). Therefore, ATP levels can serve as a metabolic gauge for cellular homeostasis and survival (Artal-Sanz and Tavernarakis, 2009; Gomes <i>et al.</i>, 2011; Palikaras <i>et al.</i>, 2015). In this protocol, we describe a method for the determination of intracellular ATP levels using a bioluminescence approach in the nematode <i>Caenorhabditis elegans.</i>
IgG‐Fc‐mediated effector functions: molecular definition of interaction sites for effector ligands and the role of glycosylation (1998)

The Fc region of human IgG expresses interaction sites for many effector ligands. In this review the topographical distributions of ten of these sites are discussed in relation to functional requirement. It is apparent that interaction sites localised to the inter-CH2-CH3 domain region of the Fc allow for functional divalency, whereas sites localised to the hinge proximal region of the CH2 domain are functionally monovalent, with expression of the latter sites being particularly dependent on glycosylation. All x-ray crystal structures for Fc and Fc-ligand complexes report that the protein structure of the hinge proximal region of the CH2 domain is "disordered", suggesting "internal mobility". We propose a model in which such "internal mobility" results in the generation of a dynamic equilibrium between multiple conformers, certain of which express interaction sites specific to individual ligands. The emerging understanding of the influence of oligosaccharide/protein interactions on protein conformation and biological function of IgG antibodies suggests a potential to generate novel glycoforms of antibody molecules having unique profiles of effector functions.
Identification of the NO Synthase isoforms Expressed in Human Neutrophil Granulocytes, Megakaryocytes and Platelets (1997)

Using Western blot and fluorescent immunocytochemistry, NOS III (or ecNOS) and NOS II (or iNOS), but no NOS I (or ncNOS), were identified in preparations of human platelets. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) demonstrated NOS III mRNA, but no NOS II mRNA (which is short-lived) and no NOS I mRNA in platelets. Immunofluorescent staining of human bone marrow smears showed the presence of NOS III, but not NOS I in megakaryocytes. A subpopulation of megakaryocytes also expressed NOS II. In preparations of human neutrophils, immunocytochemistry demonstrated NOS I in all cells, whereas no NOS III was detected. The few NOS II positive cells were characterized as contaminating eosinophils. Similarly, in RT-PCR, transcripts for NOS I and NOS II, but not for NOS III, were identified. Thus, the constitutive NOS isoform in megakaryocytes and platelets is NOS III, whereas neutrophils express NOS I. Some megakaryocytes and eosinophils also express NOS II.
Inhibition of Endothelin-1-Mediated Contraction of Hepatic Stellate Cells by FXR Ligand (2010)

Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) plays an important role in the development of cirrhosis through the increased production of collagen and the enhanced contractile response to vasoactive mediators such as endothelin-1 (ET-1). The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that is highly expressed in liver, kidneys, adrenals, and intestine. FXR is also expressed in HSCs and activation of FXR in HSCs is associated with significant decreases in collagen production. However, little is known about the roles of FXR in the regulation of contraction of HSCs. We report in this study that treatment of quiescent HSCs with GW4064, a synthetic FXR agonist, significantly inhibited the HSC transdifferentiation, which was associated with an inhibition of the upregulation of ET-1 expression. These GW4064-treated cells also showed reduced contractile response to ET-1 in comparison to HSCs without GW4064 treatment. We have further shown that GW4064 treatment inhibited the ET-1-mediated contraction in fully activated HSCs. To elucidate the potential mechanism we showed that GW4064 inhibited ET-1-mediated activation of Rho/ROCK pathway in activated HSCs. Our studies unveiled a new mechanism that might contribute to the anti-cirrhotic effects of FXR ligands.
Cloning of sheep and cow embryos (1989)

The results of experiments aimed at cloning of sheep and cattle embryos are described. Two experimental approaches were used to study the developmental potential of blastomeres from sheep and cow embryos: (i) blastomere separation followed by culture and (ii) fusion of isolated blastomeres with enucleated eggs followed by culture. Both approaches allow embryos to be cloned, but whereas blastomere separation allows only a relatively small number of genetically identical animals to be produced, nuclear transplantation will probably open the way for large-scale cloning of livestock.
Translaminar Facet Joint Screw Fixation for Lumbar and Lumbosacral Fusion (1991)

Various systems of supplementing bone grafts with internal fixation in the lumbosacral spine have been used in an effort to improve fusion rates. This study reports biomechanical data of cyclic loading cadaveric spines instrumented with translaminar facet screws as well as early clinical results on this technique. Static loading tests comparing uninstrumented and instrumented spinal motion units show that a ninefold increase in flexion load is necessary for constant displacement after facet screw fixation. Repetitive loading tests show only a small decrease in stiffness of instrumented segments even after 5,000 cycles. To date, 35 patients have undergone fusion by this technique as performed by one surgeon. After excluding Workers' Compensation cases and cases with less than 2 years follow-up, there were 18 cases available for review. Twelve of these 18 cases were two-level fusions. Ten patients underwent concomitant discectomy or nerve root decompression. There were no cases of iatrogenic neurologic injury or pseudoarthrosis. It is concluded that translaminar facet screws have a sound biomechanical basis and are a valuable addition to lumbar fusion procedures.
Near-Field Scanner for Moving Molecules (2001)

We have fabricated using electron beam nanolithography a fixed slit near-field optical scanning device which uses near-field fluorimetry to achieve 200 nm spatial resolution of objects moving over the slits. We explore the basic physics of operating narrow slits in the waveguide cutoff mode and present data from the passage of extended double-stranded DNA molecules passing over the slits as a first example of how this device can be used to do ultrahigh spatial resolution mapping of long polymers.
Correction Algorithms for Differential GPS Reference Stations (1989)

The generation of differential GPS corrections for general navigation purposes must consider the effects of selective availability, ionosphere, data link latency, and processing time. The U.S. Coast Guard Differential GPS Harbor Entrance program has developed a differential GPS reference station system design that successfully addresses these concerns. This paper presents a high-level description of this design and some of the test data that led to the critical design decisions.
Light-Dependent Transcriptional Regulation of Genes of Biogeochemical Interest in the Diploid and Haploid Life Cycle Stages of Emiliania huxleyi (2009)

The expression of genes of biogeochemical interest in calcifying and noncalcifying life stages of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi was investigated. Transcripts potentially involved in calcification were tested through a light-dark cycle. These transcripts were more abundant in calcifying cells and were upregulated in the light. Their application as potential candidates for in situ biogeochemical proxies is also suggested.
Refractive lens exchange as a refractive surgery modality (2004)

Attention to detail in regard to proper patient selection, preoperative measurements, intraoperative technique, and postoperative management has resulted in excellent outcomes and improved patient acceptance of this effective technique.
Trap-enhanced electric fields in semi-insulators: The role of electrical and optical carrier injection (1991)

We report extremely large field enhancement near the anode of an electrically biased metal/semi-insulator/metal structure. The large anode field results from a trap-enhanced space-charge region and is large enough to cause injection of holes at the anode. Our numerical simulations confirm this interpretation and show that for typical semi-insulating GaAs, large trap-enhanced fields (TEF) are to be expected. The TEF effect, contrary to that observed in doped materials, is enhanced by optical injection of carriers near the anode, and can be exploited for the efficient generation of ultrafast THz radiation.
Reactions of 2-aminoimidazoles with aldehydes. Hydroxyalkylation and cycloaddition. (1993)

The reaction between 2-aminoimidazoles and aldehydes affords mono- and disubstituted hydroxyalkylaminoimidazoles and tetrahydropurine derivatives. The formation of the tetrahydropurine is believed to proceed via an intermolecular hetero [2+4] cycloaddition between 2-aminoimidazole and its corresponding Schiff base.
The Comparison of Physicochemical Properties of Four Cross-Linked Sodium Hyaluronate Gels with Different Cross-Linking Agents (2011)

Abstract：PurposeThe physicochemical properties of four Cross-linked sodium hyaluronate gels(CHA) with different cross-linking agents were conpared.In order to research out the different stability and Enzyme-resistant properties of these CHA.Methods The CHA hydrogels were prepared with different cross-linking agents, such as PEG20000, PDE, BDDE and ADH. The optimal reaction conditions were determined by single factor experiment. Dynamic viscosity was tested by Stabinger method. Intrinsic viscosity was tested by Uzziah's viscosity method. The in vitro Enzyme-resistant properties of CHA-gels were analysed by carbazole and spectrophotometry. Results The concentrations of NaOH/HCl, concentrations of HA and the ratio of cross-linking agent to HA were significant conditions which influenced the physicochemical properties of CHA gels. PDE-CHA and PEG20000 gels have best Dynamic viscosity, PDE-CHA gel has best Intrinsic viscosity, ADH-CHA and BDDE-CHA gels have better Enzyme-resistant properties than PEG20000-CHA and PDE-CHA gels.Conclusion The CHA-gel prepared under optimal reaction conditions have different physical and chemical properties, which set foundation for developing double cross-linked gel with both excellent stability and Enzyme-resistant properties.