gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Convergent Synthesis of Homogeneous Glc1Man9GlcNAc2-Protein and Derivatives as Ligands of Molecular Chaperones in Protein Quality Control (2011)

A detailed understanding of the molecular mechanism of chaperone-assisted protein quality control is often hampered by the lack of well-defined homogeneous glycoprotein probes. We describe here a highly convergent chemoenzymatic synthesis of the monoglucosylated glycoforms of bovine ribonuclease (RNase) as specific ligands of lectin-like chaperones calnexin (CNX) and calreticulin (CRT) that are known to recognize the monoglucosylated high-mannose oligosaccharide component of glycoproteins in protein folding. The synthesis of a selectively modified glycoform Gal(1)Glc(1)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-RNase was accomplished by chemical synthesis of a large N-glycan oxazoline and its subsequent enzymatic ligation to GlcNAc-RNase under the catalysis of a glycosynthase. Selective removal of the terminal galactose by a β-galactosidase gave the Glc(1)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-RNase glycoform in excellent yield. CD spectroscopic analysis and RNA-hydrolyzing assay indicated that the synthetic RNase glycoforms maintained essentially the same global conformations and were fully active as the natural bovine ribonuclease B. SPR binding studies revealed that the Glc(1)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-RNase had high affinity to lectin CRT, while the synthetic Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-RNase glycoform and natural RNase B did not show CRT-binding activity. These results confirmed the essential role of the glucose moiety in the chaperone molecular recognition. Interestingly, the galactose-masked glycoform Gal(1)Glc(1)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-RNase also showed significant affinity to lectin CRT, suggesting that a galactose β-1,4-linked to the key glucose moiety does not significantly block the lectin binding. These synthetic homogeneous glycoprotein probes should be valuable for a detailed mechanistic study on how molecular chaperones work in concert to distinguish between misfolded and folded glycoproteins in the protein quality control cycle.
Arthroscopic repair of SLAP lesions with a bioknotless suture anchor (2004)

The diagnosis and treatment of SLAP tears have improved with the development of arthroscopic shoulder surgery techniques. With types 2 and 4 tears, the goal is to restore stability to the labrum and biceps anchor and achieve healing to the glenoid. Suture repair with anchors is currently the repair technique of choice. The purpose of this article is to report a fast and simple method for arthroscopic SLAP repair that uses knotless suture anchors and obviates complex suture management and arthroscopic knot tying.
Brentuximab Vedotin (SGN-35) for Relapsed CD30-Positive Lymphomas (2010)

Brentuximab vedotin induced durable objective responses and resulted in tumor regression for most patients with relapsed or refractory CD30-positive lymphomas in this phase 1 study. Treatment was associated primarily with grade 1 or 2 (mild-to-moderate) toxic effects. (Funded by Seattle Genetics; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00430846.).
CARTOONS AND VISUAL TEXTS IN PROMOTING TEXT COMPREHENSION (2014)

Il paper riferisce di una ricerca condotta con bambini in età prescolare. La ricerca ha inteso verificare l'ipotesi che la comprensione del testo orale verbale potesse essere incrementata da un percorso di sollecitazione condotto in piccolo gruppo, nel contesto scolastico e facente uso di materiale visivo. Il paper discute i risultati ottenuti.
Role of Ca(2+) in diallyl disulfide-induced apoptotic cell death of HCT-15 cells (2002)

Diallyl disulfide (DADS) induced apoptosis through the caspase-3 dependent pathway in leukemia cells was earlier reported from this laboratory. In this study, we investigated the involvement of Ca(2+) in DADS-induced apoptotic cell death of HCT-15, human colon cancer cell line. DADS induced the elevation of cytosolic Ca(2+) by biphasic pattern; rapid Ca(2+) peak at 3 min and following slow and sustained elevation till 3 h after the addition of DADS. Production of H(2)O(2) was also observed with its peak value at 4 h. Apoptotic pathways including the sequence of caspase-3 activation, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, and DNA fragmentation by DADS were completely blocked by various inhibitors such as specific caspase-3 inhibitor, free radical scavenger, and intracellular Ca(2+) chelator. N-acetylcystein and catalase treatment prevented the accumulation of H2O2 and later caspase-3 dependent apoptotic pathway. However, these radical scavengers did not block the elevation of intracellular Ca(2+). Treatment of cells with 1, 2-bis (2-aminophenoxyethane)-N, N, N-tetraacetic acid tetrakis -acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA-AM), cellular Ca(2+) chelator, resulted in a complete blockage of the caspase-3 dependent apoptotic pathway of HCT-15 cells. It abolished the elevation of intracellular Ca(2+), and furthermore, completely inhibited the production of H(2)O(2). These results indicate that cytosolic Ca(2+) elevation is an earlier signaling event in apoptosis of HCT-15 cells. Collectively, our data demonstrate that DADS can induce apoptosis in HCT-15 cells through the sequential mechanism of Ca(2+) homeostasis disruption, accumulation of H(2)O(2), and resulting caspase-3 activation.
Peptide Mimetics of Terminal Sugars of Complex Glycans (2010)

In this project we asked whether short peptides would mimic complex carbohydrate structures and express biological activity. Amino acid sequences were identified as potential glycan mimetics by molecular modeling of docking to binding sites of lectins. The sequence HPSLK was synthesized as a quadravalent structure from a tri-lysine scaffold. Solid-phase assays showed that this peptide bound strongly to lectins from Triticus vulgaris (wheat germ agglutinin, WGA) and Dolichos biflorus (DB), which bind monosaccharides, and to lectins from Sambucus nigra (SNA1) and Maackia amurensis (MAA), which are specific for oligosaccha- rides with terminal 5-acetylneuraminic acid-galactose sequences. Further modeling led to synthesis of a longer peptide, NPSHPSLG, along with a variant, NPSHPLSG, as quadravalent structures. The longer peptides bound weakly, if at all, to WGA and DB but bound strongly to SNA1 and MAA. Mucin inhibited binding of HPSLK to WGA and DB, while fetuin inhibited binding of NPSHPSLG and NPSHPLSG to SNA1 and MAA. These results suggest that the peptides interact with the lectins at glycan-binding sites. When tested for biological activity, the peptides stimulated internalization of opsonized microspheres, which was blocked by wortmannin, an inhibitor of phagocytosis. Whereas HPSLK stimulated phosphorylation of the signaling proteins STAT2 and STAT6, NPSHPSLG and NPSHPLSG stimulated phosphorylation of STAT6, a marker for the alternative activation of phagocytosis, more strongly than STAT2. Our results suggest that these synthetic peptides may be useful as biological response modifiers.
Mining technique finds applications in oil exploration (1991)

This paper reports that oil exploration companies have taken increased interest in slim hole drilling as practiced by the mining drilling industry in small diameter coring. In addition to providing cores for the entire well, the core hole drilling technique is an attractive exploration method because a well can typically be drilled for approximately 30% less than the cost of a conventionally drilled well. These savings increase even further for remote locations because the smaller core hole rig package reduces logistics and transportation expenses. The worldwide status of slim hole drilling and its applications to the oil industry were surveyed by Exploservices. Based on this survey of slim hole drilling, part of which is documented here, a major research and development project was recently launched by Elf Aquitaine. This multidisciplinary project joined explorationists with drilling and reservoir engineers to analyze existing slim hole techniques and improve them for oil field applications.
DSA KEYs and SIGs in the Domain Name System (DNS) (1999)

records.
Injectable Cartilage (1995)

Slowly polymerizing calcium alginate gels were investigated as a means of delivering large numbers of isolated chondrocytes by means of injection to determine if these gels would promote engraftment and could provide three-dimensional templates for new cartilage growth. Chondrocytes isolated from the articular surface of calf forelimbs were added to a 1% sodium alginate dissolved in a 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4) to generate a final cellular density of 10 x 10(6)/ml (representing approximately 10 percent of the cellular density of human juvenile articular cartilage). The calcium alginate-chondrocyte mixture was injected through a 22-gauge needle in 100-microliters aliquots under the panniculus carnosus on the dorsum of nude mice and incubated for 6 (n = 4), 8 (n = 11), and 12 (n = 12) weeks in vivo. Time-zero specimens (n = 10) consisting of 100-microliters aliquots of the calcium alginate-chondrocyte mixture were used to calculate initial weight. At harvest, all calcium alginate-chondrocyte specimens exhibited a pearly opalescence and were firm to palpation as early as 6 weeks after injection. By 12 weeks of in vivo incubation, the specimens weighed 0.15 +/- 0.04 gm, significantly more than the initial weight of 0.11 +/- 0.01 gm (p < 0.05). Specimens stained with hematoxylin and eosin demonstrated lacunae within a basophilic ground-glass substance. Control specimens of calcium alginate without chondrocytes (n = 4) had a doughy consistency 12 weeks after injection and had no histologic evidence of cartilage formation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sonochemical Synthesis of Highly Fluorescent Ag Nanoclusters (2010)

Highly fluorescent, stable, water-soluble Ag nanoclusters have been successfully prepared via a convenient sonochemical approach using a simple polyelectrolyte, polymethylacrylic acid (PMAA), as a capping agent. The optical and fluorescence properties of the Ag nanoclusters can be easily controlled by varying the synthetic conditions, such as sonication time, stoichiometry of the carboxylate groups to Ag(+), and polymer molecular weight.
Control of strain in GaN by a combination of H2 and N2 carrier gases (2001)

We study the effect of a combination of N2 and H2 carrier gases on the residual strain and crystalline properties of GaN, and we propose its application to the improvement of crystalline quality of GaN/Al0.17Ga0.83N multiple quantum well (MQW) structures. GaN was grown with H2 or N2 carrier gas (H2– or N2–GaN) on an AlN low-temperature-deposited buffer layer. A (0001) sapphire substrate was used. N2–GaN was grown on H2–GaN. The total thickness was set to be 1.5 μm, and the ratio of N2–GaN thickness to the total thickness, x, ranged from 0 to 1. With increasing x, the tensile stress in GaN increased. Photoluminescence intensity at room temperature was much enhanced. Moreover, the crystalline quality of GaN/Al0.17Ga0.83N MQW was much higher when the MQW was grown with N2 on H2–GaN than when it was grown with H2 on H2–GaN. These results were due to the achievement of control of strain in GaN using a combination of N2–GaN and H2–GaN.
Large scale, liquid phase synthesis of oligonucleotides by the phosphoramidite approach (1993)

A new method for the liquid phase synthesis of oligonucleotides is described which makes use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as soluble support and phosphoramidite derivatives as synthons. The new synthetic protocol was applied to a quite large scale production (about 100 mumoles) of such compounds up to the 20mer level. This solution method, called HELP High Efficiency Liquid Phase) Plus, appears effective in terms of speed and coupling yield and can be evaluated for the production of large amount of oligonucleotides.
Neuroprotection in Parkinson Disease (2004)

Parkinson disease is an age-related neurodegenerative disease that affects approximately 1 million persons in the United States. Current therapies provide effective control of symptoms, particularly in the early stages of the disease, but most patients develop motor complications with long-term treatment, and features develop such as postural instability, falling, and dementia that are not adequately controlled with existing medications. Accordingly, neuroprotective therapy that might slow, stop, or reverse disease progression is urgently needed. While many agents appear to be promising based on laboratory studies, selecting clinical end points for clinical trials that are not confounded by symptomatic effects of the study intervention has been difficult. More recently, neuroimaging end points have been used as biomarkers of disease progression, but again there are concerns that they may be influenced by regulatory effects of the drugs used. We review clinical trials aimed at detecting neuroprotection in Parkinson disease and address the controversies surrounding the interpretation of these studies.
The pivotal role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt signal transduction in virus survival (2004)

Over the course of evolution, viruses have developed the ability to modulate a variety of host cell signalling pathways. Inhibition of apoptosis, in particular, has become recognized as an important contributory factor in virus survival. Apoptotic inhibition contributes to the establishment of latent and chronic infections and has been implicated in viral oncogenesis. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathway is utilized by many cell types for inhibition of apoptosis and cellular survival. Virus modulation of this pathway provides an alternative to the expression of viral oncogenes or the direct inhibition of pro-apoptotic proteins. It has become evident that many viruses require up-regulation of this pathway to sustain long-term infections and it is modulated, in some cases, by specific viral products to create an environment favourable for cellular transformation. In other cases, PI3K-Akt signalling simply helps to create an environment favourable for virus replication and virion assembly. This review details the modulation and function of PI3K-Akt signalling for virus survival.
Photoresponsive Ion Extraction/Release Systems: Dynamic Ion Optodes for Calcium and Sodium Based on Photochromic Spiropyran (2013)

Photoresponsive ion extraction/release systems (PRIONERS) represent a highly interesting tool for the localized and time-controlled chemical perturbation of biological materials. We report here on our first results on phototriggered calcium and sodium exchanging materials. Such materials exist in two distinct states ("on" and "off"), depending on the wavelength of illumination. We used a combination of spectroscopic and electrochemical methods to obtain a better understanding of the dynamic processes involved in the triggered ion-exchange reaction upon activation of the photoactive compound. The driving force for the ion exchange is the light-induced acidity change of the chromoionophore. Activation with UV light generates a species in the membrane with an increased pKa. Protons are pulled into the membrane, and at the same time, ions are expelled. The selectivity of the system is determined by the employed ionophore. In contrast to photoresponsive ionophore-based systems, the concept presented here is applicable for virtually any ion of interest for which an ionophore exists.
New recurring chromosomal translocations in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (1991)

Abstract We identified seven new recurring translocations among 483 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with adequate chromosome banding studies. Four were apparently balanced [t(1;3)(p34;p21), t(7;9)(p15;p23- p24), t(12;13)(p13;q14), t(17;19)(q22;p13)], while three were unbalanced with the formation of a dicentric chromosome [dic(7;9)(p13;p11), dic(7;12)(p11;p12), and dic(12;17)(p11;p11-p12)]. One translocation was observed in five cases, two in four cases, and the remaining four in two cases each. The modal chromosome numbers in these 21 cases were 45 (n = 11), 46 (n = 8), and 47 (n = 2). Eight of the 11 cases with a dicentric chromosome had a modal number of 45. Only a single translocation was found in 14 cases (67%), representing the sole structural abnormality in six cases. In three of the seven translocation subgroups, the blast cells were consistently of B lineage (pre-B, early pre-B, or both); in all others, they represented both the B and T lineages. The small size of these subgroups prevented definitive clinical correlations, although it may be important that two of the four cases with a t(17;19) and an early pre-B-cell immunophenotype had disseminated intravascular coagulation, an event usually observed in acute promyelocytic leukemia or T-cell ALL. These findings add substantially to the existing list of nonrandom chromosomal translocations in childhood ALL and may help to explain the genetic alterations leading to the loss of normal growth control mechanisms in this disease.
Sequence Similarity Searching Using the BLAST Family of Programs (1999)

The BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) family of sequence similarity search programs allows users to input either a nucleotide or amino acid query sequence, and search a nucleotide or amino acid sequence database. The program returns a list of the sequence "hits", alignments to the query sequence, and statistical values. This unit describes how to choose an appropriate BLAST program and database, perform the search, and interpret the results.
Response of Rat Ventral Prostate to a New and Novel 5αa-Reductase Inhibitor (1981)

17β-N,N-Diethylcarbamoyl-4-methyl-4-aza-5αandrostan-3-one (4-MA) strongly inhibits the 5α-reductase-mediated conversion of testosterone (T) to 5α-dihydrotestosterone [17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one (DHT)] both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, 4-MA is a more potent inhibitor than progesterone, androst-4-en-3-one-17β-carboxylic acid (17β), androst-4-en-3-one-17β-carboxylic acid methyl ester (17βME), megestrol acetate (17α-acetoxy-6-dehydro-6-methylprogesterone), medrogestone (6-methyl-6-dehydro-17-methylprogesterone), cyproterone acetate (17α-acetoxy-6-chloro-l,2α-methylene-4,5-pregnadiene-3,20-dione), or flutamide (4′-nitro-3′-trifluoromethylisobutyranilide). The effects of these compounds on prostatic concentrations of T and DHT were determined in young adult intact male rats treated 4 h before sacrifice. Subcutaneous injection of 0.33–10 mg 4-MAȯrat consistently reduced the prostatic concentrationof DHT but increased that of T. At 10 mg/rat, cyproterone acetate, megestrol acetate, and flutamide tended to reduce prostatic levels of both T and DHT, while progesterone, 17βC, 17βME, and medrogestone had little or no effect. Castrate male rats were pretreated with 1 or 10 mg 4-MA and, 2 h later, injected sc with either 200 μg testosterone propionate (TP) or 400 μg dihydrotestosterone propionate (DHTP). They were sacrificed 2 h after receiving exogenous androgen, and prostatic concentrations of T and DHT were determined. The 1-mg dose of 4-MA caused a marked reduction in the prostatic concentration of DHT in rats injected with TP but not in those given DHTP. These results were consistent with the view that 4-MA acts by inhibiting 5α-reductase. However, the 10-mg dose of 4-MA lowered the concentration of DHT in the prostates of animals which had received either TP or DHTP. This indicated that the higher dose of 4-MA may have reduced androgen uptake or retention, an effect not associated with 5α-reductase inhibition. Ventral prostate growth was attenuated by 4-MA in immature castrate male rats injected sc with either TP or T, but 4-MA had much less of an effect in rats given DHTP or DHT. These data further support the hypothesis that 4-MA antagonizes the androgenic action of T by interfering with its conversion to the more active metabolite, DHT.
Bone induction by BMP‐2 transduced stem cells derived from human fat (2003)

Liposuction aspirates contain PLAs that can be transfected with the BMP-2 gene, with rapid induction into the osteoblast phenotype at a rate comparable to rh-BMP-2 and osteoblast groups. Transduced PLAs produce more bone precursors with faster onset of calcified extracellular matrix than transduced BMAs. PLAs may be an ideal source of mesenchyme-lineage stem cells for gene therapy and tissue engineering.
Morphology-Controllable Synthesis and Characterization of Single-Crystal Molybdenum Trioxide (2006)

Molybdenum trioxide nanobelts and prism-like particles with good crystallinity and high surface areas have been prepared by a facile hydrothermal method, and the morphology could be controlled by using different inorganic salts, such as KNO3, Ca(NO3)2 , La(NO3)3, etc. The possible growth mechanism of molybdenum trioxide prism-like particles is discussed on the basis of the presence of H+ and the modification of metal cations. The as-prepared nanomaterials are characterized by means of powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy (UV-vis). TEM and HRTEM micrographs show that the molybdenum trioxide nanobelts and prism-like particles have a relatively high degree of crystallinity and uniformity. BET specific surface areas of the as-prepared molybdenum trioxide nanocrystals are 67-79 m2 g-1. XPS analysis indicates that the hexavalent molybdenum is predominant in the nanocrystals. UV-vis spectra reveal that the direct band gap energy of the annealed molybdenum trioxide prism-like particles shows a pronounced blue shift compared to that of bulk MoO3 powder. Interestingly, molybdenum trioxide nanobelts exhibit a red shift under this condition.
Spatial analysis of uterine EMG signals: evidence of increased in synchronization with term. (2009)

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Formation of Normal Desmin Intermediate Filaments in Mouse Hepatic Stellate Cells Requires Vimentin (2001)

Increased desmin synthesis and formation of desmin-containing intermediate filaments (IFs) is one of the hallmarks of transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells into myofibroblast-like cells. These desmin-enriched myofibroblast-like cells are the major sources of fibrotic extracellular matrix in chronically diseased liver. Myofibroblast-like cells are also involved in the contraction of sinusoids, which leads to increased intrahepatic pressure and portal hypertension. To address the requirements for the formation of desmin-containing IFs both in quiescent and in transdifferentiated stellate cells, we used mice deficient for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and/or vimentin, which are additional IF proteins present in stellate cells. In this study, we show that desmin cannot form full-length bundles of IFs in the absence of both GFAP and vimentin. Quiescent and transdifferentiated GFAP(-/-)vim(-/-) stellate cells are devoid of normal bundles of IFs. Instead, they exhibit only residual IF bundles restricted to subcortical cytoplasm, although these cells contain equal desmin mRNA and protein levels as wild-type cells. The absence of vimentin alone restricts formation of desmin-containing IF bundles to the perinuclear region, while both the distal processes in quiescent stellate cells and the subcortical zone in myofibroblast-like cells remain free of desmin-containing IF bundles. The absence of GFAP alone does not interfere with the formation of desmin-containing IFs. Thus, to form normal IFs in stellate cells, desmin is required to partnerize with vimentin. In addition, these mouse models will prove to be instrumental in addressing the role of IFs in the process of stellate cell transdifferentiation.