gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of monolithic C18 HPLC columns for the fast analysis of pilocarpine hydrochloride in the presence of its degradation products. (2006)

Monolithic Performance C18 HPLC columns (Chromolith Performance RP-18e, Merck) were applied for the determination of pilocarpine hydrochloride in the presence of its degradation products isopilocarpine, pilocarpic acid and isopilocarpic acid. The method was validated using a set of six monolithic columns and compared to a conventional C18 column. The separation of pilocarpine from its degradation products was investigated on monolithic columns at different flow rates from 1 to 9 ml/min. Superior resolution was obtained using monolithic columns over the conventional C18 column at the same flow rate of 1 ml/min with a total run time of 9 min compared to 13.5 min for the conventional C18 column. Comparable resolution to that obtained in the C18 column (but with better peak symmetry) was obtained at a flow rate of 4 ml/min, although the total run time was reduced to 3.5 min. The precision for both retention time and peak area was investigated over a wide concentration range and found to be equal, or slightly better on Chromolith Performance compared to the conventional column. The overall RSDs% ranged from 0.5% to 1.16% for the conventional column, while for monolithic columns ranged from 0.38% to 0.87% at a flow rate of 1 ml/min and from 0.38% to 0.89% at a flow rate of 4 ml/min. Monolithic column to column reproducibility (n = 6) was measured. The RSDs% ranged from 0.34% to 0.68% for retention time and from 0.3% to 0.94% for peak areas. The detection and quantitation limits on monolithic columns at both flow rates (1 and 4 ml/min) were found to be 0.17 microg/ml and 0.5 microg/ml, compared to 0.31 microg/ml and 1 microg/ml on the conventional column. Monolithic silica rods have also shown the advantage of reducing the time to wash and to re-equilibrate the column. The method showed good linearity and recovery and was found to be suitable for the analysis of pilocarpine hydrochloride formulations.
Interaction of a folded chromosome-associated protein with single-stranded DNA-binding protein of Escherichia coli, identified by affinity chromatography. (1988)

A single-stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB) affinity column was prepared by optimizing the coupling of Escherichia coli single-stranded DNA-binding protein to Affi-Gel 10. The bound SSB retained its ability to specifically bind single-stranded DNA. When nuclease-treated cell extracts were incubated with the SSB beads overnight at 4 degrees C, a major protein of Mr = 25,000 was bound. At shorter incubation times, two additional proteins of Mr = 32,000 and 36,000 were also detected. In the absence of nuclease treatment, eight additional proteins ranging from Mr = 14,000 to 160,000 also bound to the affinity column. The major Mr = 25,000 protein has been shown to be a folded chromosome-associated protein. Its binding to SSB is strongly enhanced by the addition of DNA polymerase III or DNA polymerase III holoenzyme.
Selective laser melting of an advanced Al-Al2O3 nanocomposite (2017)

Selective laser melting (SLM) has been widely used to manufacture customised metallic parts because it provides an integrated way to manufacture three-dimensional (3D) parts from computer-aided design models after several sub-processes. On the other hand, aluminium-based nanocomposites are widely used in the aerospace and automotive industries due to their light weight, high specific strength, excellent wear resistance, but their manufacturability and mechanical properties are not well understood when these new materials are employed in SLM. This is an important consideration because, compared with traditional manufacturing technologies, SLM offers the ability to manufacture engineering parts with very complex geometries by employing a layer-by-layer manufacturing principle. Hence, this thesis systematically studies the SLM of an advanced Al-Al2O3 nanocomposite that is synthesised using high-energy ball-milling (HEBM) process.&#13;\nThe aim of this study is to use SLM to fabricate a nearly full dense Al-Al2O3 nanocomposite composed of 96 vol.% Al and 4 vol.% Al2O3 powder. The synthesis and characterisation of ball-milled powder is the first contribution of this study, which also investigates the influence of milling and pause duration on the fabrication of ball-milled composite powder. The second contribution of this work is the development of a 3D finite element model to predict the thermal behaviour of the first layer’s composite powder. Both the transient temperature distribution and molten pool dimensions are predicted within the laser scanning, which&#13;\nVI&#13;\nenables a more efficient selection of the process parameters (e.g. hatch spacing and scanning speed).&#13;\nThe third contribution of this study is the optimisation of the SLM process parameters and microstructure investigation of the fabricated samples. The optimum laser energy density and scanning speed that are used to fabricate nearly full dense Al-Al2O3 nanocomposites are found to be 317.5 J/mm3 and 300 mm/s, respectively. The relative density is evaluated by quantifying the porosity on both the horizontal and vertical sections. The fabricated composite parts were observed to exhibit a very fine granular-dendrite microstructure due to the rapid cooling, while the thermal gradient at the molten pool region along the building direction was found to facilitate the formation of columnar grains.&#13;\nThe final contribution of this study is the investigation of mechanical properties such as tensile strength, microhardness and macro and nanoscale wear behaviour. Compared to pure Al, the addition of 4 vol.% Al2O3 nanoparticulates was found to contribute to a 36.3% and 17.5% increase in the yield strength and microhardness of the composite samples, respectively. Cold working was found to contribute to a 39% increase in microhardness due to grain deformation. The pin-on-disc wear testing and atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanoscratching were performed to study the macro and nanoscale wear behaviour of the fabricated samples, respectively.
Dynamic hot data stream prefetching for general-purpose programs (2002)

Prefetching data ahead of use has the potential to tolerate the grow ing processor-memory performance gap by overlapping long latency memory accesses with useful computation. While sophisti cated prefetching techniques have been automated for limited domains, such as scientific codes that access dense arrays in loop nests, a similar level of success has eluded general-purpose pro grams, especially pointer-chasing codes written in languages such as C and C++. We address this problem by describing, implementing and evaluating a dynamic prefetching scheme. Our technique runs on stock hardware, is completely automatic, and works for general-purpose programs, including pointer-chasing codes written in weakly-typed languages, such as C and C++. It operates in three phases. First, the profiling phase gathers a temporal data reference profile from a running program with low-overhead. Next, the profiling is turned off and a fast analysis algorithm extracts hot data streams, which are data reference sequences that frequently repeat in the same order, from the temporal profile. Then, the system dynamically injects code at appropriate program points to detect and prefetch these hot data streams. Finally, the process enters the hibernation phase where no profiling or analysis is performed, and the program continues to execute with the added prefetch instructions. At the end of the hibernation phase, the program is de-optimized to remove the inserted checks and prefetch instructions, and control returns to the profiling phase. For long-running programs, this profile, analyze and optimize, hibernate, cycle will repeat multiple times. Our initial results from applying dynamic prefetching are promising, indicating overall execution time improvements of 5.19% for several memory-performance-limited SPECint2000 benchmarks running their largest (ref) inputs.
Replacement of Human Anterior Cruciate Ligaments with Pig Ligaments: A Model for Anti-Non-Gal Antibody Response in Long-Term Xenotransplantation (2007)

These antibodies contribute to a low-level inflammatory process that aids in gradual xenograft replacement by infiltrating host fibroblasts that align with the pig collagen "scaffold" and secrete collagen matrix. The assays monitoring anti-non-gal antibodies will help to determine whether long-term survival of live organ xenografts requires complete suppression of this antibody response.
Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of the Anti-CD70 Antibody ARGX-110 in Advanced Malignancies (2017)

<b>Purpose:</b> The purpose of this study was to evaluate safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and preliminary antitumor efficacy of ARGX-110, a glyco-engineered monoclonal antibody, targeting CD70, in patients with CD70 expressing advanced malignancies.<b>Experimental Design:</b> Dose escalation with a sequential 3+3 design was performed in five steps at the 0.1, 1, 2, 5, and 10 mg/kg dose levels (<i>N</i> = 26). ARGX-110 was administered intravenously every 3 weeks until progression or intolerable toxicity. Dose-limiting toxicity was evaluated in the 21 days following the first ARGX-110 administration (Cycle 1). Samples for pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics were collected.<b>Results:</b> Dose-limiting toxicity was not observed and the maximum tolerated dose was not reached. ARGX-110 was generally well tolerated, with no dose-related increase in treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAE). The most common TEAE were fatigue and drug related infusion-related reactions (IRR). Of the 20 SAEs reported, five events, all IRRs, were considered related to ARGX-110. ARGX-110 demonstrates dose proportionality over the dose range 1 to 10 mg/kg, but not at 0.1 mg/kg and a terminal half-life of 10 to 13 days. The best overall response was stable disease (14/26) in all 26 evaluable patients with various malignancies and the mean duration of treatment was 15 weeks. No dose-response related antitumor activity was observed, but biomarker readouts provided signs of biological activity, particularly in patients with hematologic malignancies.<b>Conclusions:</b> This dose-escalation phase I trial provides evidence of good tolerability of ARGX-110, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary antitumor activity at all dose levels in generally heavily pretreated patients with advanced CD70-positive malignancies. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(21); 6411-20. ©2017 AACR</i>.
A Survey on Shape Correspondence (2011)

Abstract We review methods designed to compute correspondences between geometric shapes represented by triangle meshes, contours or point sets. This survey is motivated in part by recent developments in space–time registration, where one seeks a correspondence between non‐rigid and time‐varying surfaces, and semantic shape analysis, which underlines a recent trend to incorporate shape understanding into the analysis pipeline. Establishing a meaningful correspondence between shapes is often difficult because it generally requires an understanding of the structure of the shapes at both the local and global levels, and sometimes the functionality of the shape parts as well. Despite its inherent complexity, shape correspondence is a recurrent problem and an essential component of numerous geometry processing applications. In this survey, we discuss the different forms of the correspondence problem and review the main solution methods, aided by several classification criteria arising from the problem definition. The main categories of classification are defined in terms of the input and output representation, objective function and solution approach. We conclude the survey by discussing open problems and future perspectives.
Diffusive media characterization with laser speckle (1997)

The statistical properties of laser speckle with partially coherent light are related to the scattering characteristics of an optically diffuse material. A diffusion equation model is shown to yield a speckle contrast ratio that agrees well with measurements of opaque plastics of varying thicknesses. We show that partially coherent light can be used to determine material parameters for highly scattering media. Measured data for stratified materials with differing scattering properties indicate that this technique may be useful in detecting inhomogeneities.
Achromatic vector vortex beams from a glass cone (2016)

The reflection of light is governed by the laws first described by Augustin-Jean Fresnel: on internal reflection, light acquires a phase shift, which depends on its polarization direction with respect to the plane of incidence. For a conical reflector, the cylindrical symmetry is echoed in an angular variation of this phase shift, allowing us to create light modes with phase and polarization singularities. Here we observe the phase and polarization profiles of light that is back reflected from a solid glass cone and, in the case of circular input light, discover that not only does the beam contain orbital angular momentum but can trivially be converted to a radially polarized beam. Importantly, the Fresnel coefficients are reasonably stable across the visible spectrum, which we demonstrate by measuring white light polarization profiles. This discovery provides a highly cost-effective technique for the generation of broadband orbital angular momentum and radially polarized beams.
Compilation and analysis of intein sequences (1997)

We have compiled a list of all the inteins (protein splicing elements) whose sequences have been published or were available from on-line sequence databases as of September 18, 1996. Analysis of the 36 available intein sequences refines the previously described intein motifs and reveals the presence of another intein motif, Block H. Furthermore, analysis of the new inteins reshapes our view of the conserved splice junction residues, since three inteins lack the intein penultimate His seen in prior examples. Comparison of intein sequences suggests that, in general, (i) inteins present in the same location within extein homologs from different organisms are very closely related to each other in paired sequence comparison or phylogenetic analysis and we suggest that they should be considered intein alleles; (ii) multiple inteins present in the same gene are no more similar to each other than to inteins present in different genes; (iii) phylogenetic analysis indicates that inteins are so divergent that trees with statistically significant branches cannot be generated except for intein alleles.
Reduced-Complexity Intra Block Copy (IntraBC) Mode With Early CU Splitting and Pruning for HEVC Screen Content Coding (2018)

A screen content coding (SCC) extension to high efficiency video coding has been developed to incorporate many new coding tools in order to achieve better coding efficiency for videos mixed with camera-captured content and graphics/text/animation. For instance, the Intra Block Copy (IntraBC) mode helps to encode repeating patterns within the same frame while the Palette mode aims at encoding screen content with a few major colors. However, the IntraBC mode brings along high computational complexity due to the exhaustive block matching within the same frame though there are already some constraints and fast approaches applied to the IntraBC mode to reduce its complexity. Thus, we propose a fast intracoding scheme to reduce the complexity of using the IntraBC mode in SCC. Screen content always contains no sensor noise resulting in the characteristics with pixel exactness along both horizontal and vertical directions. These characteristics pave the way for mode skipping and early coding unit (CU) splitting. Besides, early CU pruning and early termination are proposed based on the rate distortion cost to further reduce encoder complexity. Moreover, we also propose reducing the complexity of the IntraBC mode by checking the hash value of each block candidate and the current block during block matching. With our proposed scheme, the encoding time is reduced compared with the SCC while the coding efficiency can still be maintained with a minor increase in the bjontegaard delta bitrate.
Targeted Delivery of Mutant Raf Kinase to Neovessels Causes Tumor Regression (2002)

Endothelial cells are the key regulators of vasculartone, permeability, and neovascular growth. Because ofthe enormous biological impact of these processes, theregulation of endothelial cell function represents a keytherapeutic target in a wide array of diseases ranging fromovert vascular diseases, such as hypertension and stroke,to tumor growth and metastases. As such, the focus ofmany laboratories is the elucidation of the signal transduction pathways within endothelial cells which regulatetheir behavior. This has contributed to an enhanced understanding of endothelial cell biology and to the discovery of novel therapeutics for diseases. Recently, particular attention has been paid to the processes regulatingangiogenesis, the sprouting of endothelial cells from apreexisting blood vessel in order to form a new vessel.This strategy has led to recent clinical successes withcompounds such as Avastin (Langmuir et al. 2002), amonoclonal antibody that blocks vascular endothelialgrowth factor (VEGF) signaling. Here we examine the results of recent studies from our laboratory and others revealing a role for integrins and growth factors in regulating angiogenesis and how modulation of these moleculesand their downstream signaling might be used therapeutically...
Palladium catalysed copolymerisation of ethene with alkylacrylates: polar comonomer built into the linear polymer chainElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: NMR data for entries 1, 9, 10, 12 and size exclusion chromatographic data for entries 1, 3, 8, 12. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b1/b111252j/ (2002)

Copolymerisation of ethene and alkylacrylates is catalysed by palladium modified with di(2-methoxyphenyl)phosphinobenzene-2-sulfonic acid (DOPPBS); a linear polymer is produced in which acrylate units are incorporated into the polyethylene backbone.
Towards generic service management concepts a service model based approach (2001)

Service management has been a hot topic in the research community for the last couple of years. However, due to the complexity of this research area, no commonly accepted definition of the terms service, service management, and the associated management tasks has evolved yet. This paper contributes to the ongoing process of defining these terms by proposing a top-down oriented and systematic methodology that is used to analyze and identify the necessary actors and the corresponding inter- and intra-organizational relationships. Then, a generic service model is introduced that defines commonly needed service-related terms, concepts and structuring rules in a general and unambiguous way. Since most of the work that is being presented here is still in flux, the service model is finally used to identify and structure open research questions.
Isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase: a core enzyme in isoprenoid biosynthesis. A review of its biochemistry and function (1997)

A. C. Ramos-Valdivia, R. van der Heijden and R. Verpoorte, Nat. Prod. Rep., 1997, 14, 591 DOI: 10.1039/NP9971400591
Determination of cell survival by RING-mediated regulation of inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein abundance (2005)

Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins, which bind to caspases via their baculoviral IAP repeat domains, also bear RING domains that enable them to promote ubiquitylation of themselves and other interacting proteins. Here we show that the RING domain of cIAP1 allows it to bind directly to the RING of X-linked IAP, causing its ubiquitylation and degradation by the proteasome, thus revealing a mechanism by which IAPs can regulate their abundance. Expression of a construct containing the RING of cellular IAP1 was able to deplete melanoma cells of endogenous X-linked IAP, promoted apoptosis, and also markedly reduced their clonogenicity when treated with cisplatin. Cross control of protein levels by RING domains may therefore enable their levels to be manipulated therapeutically.
Induction of apoptosis and caspase activation in cells obtained from familial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis patients (1999)

Familial haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) is a rare and uniformly fatal disorder of early childhood characterized by fever, hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenia and widespread infiltration of vital organs by activated lymphocytes and macrophages. In order to test whether the massive accumulation of immune cells in these patients is associated with a perturbation of apoptosis, lymphocytes were isolated from eight patients and subjected to the chemotherapeutic agent etoposide or agonistic anti-Fas monoclonal antibodies in vitro. These stimuli elicited a normal apoptotic response in FHL patient cells when compared to healthy controls, as determined by phosphatidylserine exposure, DNA fragmentation, in vitro cleavage of the caspase-3-like substrate aspartate-glutamate-valine-aspartate-7-amino-4-methyl-coumarin (DEVD-AMC) and proteolysis of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. In addition, the degree of constitutive and Fas-triggered apoptosis in freshly isolated neutrophils was monitored in three children, with similar results. These studies indicate that immune cells derived from FHL patients are not inherently resistant to apoptosis induction. Specifically, etoposide-induced and Fas-triggered activation of intracellular caspases appears to remain intact in these individuals. However, the degree of spontaneous activation of caspase-3-like enzymes in activated lymphocytes was attenuated in three of the four patients tested prior to initiation of therapy, suggesting a possible biological deficiency in these individuals.
A short course on fast multipole methods (1997)

In this series of lectures, we describe the analytic and computational foundations of fast multipole methods, as well as some of their applications. They are most easily understood, perhaps, in the case of particle simulations, where they reduce the cost of computing all pairwise interactions in a system of N particles from O(N 2)toO(N)orO(N log N) operations. They are equally useful, however, in solving certain partial differential equations by first recasting them as integral equations. We will draw heavily from the existing literature, especially Greengard [23, 24, 25]; Greengard and Rokhlin [29, 32]; Greengard and Strain [34].
Individual Polymer Paths and End-Point Stretching in Polymer Brushes (2000)

Molecular dynamics simulations and self-consistent field calculations have been used to study average polymer paths of end-grafted, strongly overlapping polymers in a good solvent. Contrary to what is usually assumed, and in agreement with earlier classical and self-consistent field results, we find the end points of average polymer paths which end at a certain distance from the grafting surface to be stretched. The agreement between simulations and self-consistent calculations clearly demonstrates that end-point stretching effects, appearing for the experimentally relevant case of finite-length and finitely stretched polymers, are not suppressed by fluctuations.