gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mycobacterial Heat‐Shock Protein 65 Induces Proinflammatory Cytokines but does not Activate Human Mononuclear Phagocytes (1994)

The 65 kDa heat-shock protein (Hsp65), a well-conserved and immunodominant antigen which elicits a cellular and humoral immune response, may play a role in host defence against invading microorganisms and autoimmune disorders. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of Hsp65 on the functional activities of human mononuclear phagocytes in the absence of lymphocytes. Incubation with Hsp65 resulted in an enhanced release of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta by human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). The amount of cytokines released by these cells in response to Hsp65 was similar to that released in response to IFN-gamma together with LPS. Incubation with ovalbumin did not stimulate the release of these cytokines. In vitro stimulation of monocytes with Hsp65 enhanced the membrane expression of complement receptor III but did not influence either the expression of Fc gamma-receptor I and HLA class-II antigens or the release of reactive oxygen intermediates. Therefore, Hsp65-stimulated monocytes cannot be considered to be activated according to classical criteria. The release of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta by human mononuclear phagocytes in response to Hsp65 indicates that this protein can contribute to both host defence and tissue damage in inflammatory lesions characterized by an abundant expression of Hsp65.
NCI-navy medical oncology branch cell line data base (1996)

The cell line data base described in this paper includes both clinical information about the patients from whom the cell lines were derived and information about the in vitro analyses performed of the cell lines. The cell line data base has evolved as a part of a systematic effort by a research group at the NCI since 1976 to generate human cell lines as biological tools to study cancer and other diseases. The cell lines were generated from clinical specimens obtained as part of a series of Institutional Review Board-approved clinical protocols. The preponderance of the data is on lung cancer cell lines, though a broad range of other cancers are represented. A bank of over 300 human cell lines including cancer cell and in some instances autologous B-lymphoblastoid cells from the NCI-VA and NCI-Navy Medical Oncology Branch are reposited at the American Type Culture Collection. The cell lines are available for the research community. The entire data base is available on the American Type Culture Collection Web Site (WWW:http:@www.atcc.org/).
Inactivation of Misselected CD8 T Cells by CD8 Gene Methylation and Cell Death (1999)

Misselected CD8 cells that express T cell receptors (TCRs) that do not recognize class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) protein can emerge from thymic selection. A postthymic quality control mechanism that purges these cells from the repertoire is defined here. The failure of mature CD8 cells to simultaneously engage their TCR and CD8 coreceptor triggers an activation process that begins with inhibition of CD8 gene expression through remethylation and concludes with up-regulation of surface Fas and Fas ligand and cellular apoptosis. Thus, inhibition of a death signal through continued TCR-CD8 coengagement of MHC molecules is a key checkpoint for the continued survival of correctly selected T cells. Molecular defects that prevent delivery of the death signal to mistakenly selected T cells underlie the expansion of double-negative T cells, which is the cellular signature of a subset of systemic autoimmune diseases.
Venoruton metabolites: pharmacological activity and kinetics (2004)

Objective: This study was undertaken to further elucidate the mechanism of action of the phlebotonic drug Venoruton ® , which is a standardized mixture of hydroxyethylrutosides (HR). Methods: First, its oral absorption in rats was compared with that of hydroxyethylquercetins (HQ), which are the hydrolysed aglycones of HR. Second, the pharmacological activity of the major HR metabolites in humans, mono-3′-hydroxyethylquercetin (mono-3′HQ) and a mixture with mono-4′HQ, were further evaluated in vitro. Results: Time to reach the maximal plasma concentration of its marker metabolite mono-4′HQ was significantly shorter after HQ than after HR administration, with an eightfold higher maximal concentration. The rapid absorption of HQ and the increased plasma levels confirm the theory that rutosides need to be hydrolysed by the intestinal microflora prior to absorption. Mono-3′HQ and, even more so, the mixture with mono-4′HQ inhibited xanthine oxidase, an enzyme responsible for the formation of reactive oxygen species, at concentrations comparable to those found in human plasma. The metabolites also inhibited the formation of superoxide radicals induced by the respiratory burst of activated HL-60 neutrophils. Both HR metabolites decreased the degree of cell death of human umbilical vein endothelial cells that were exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation conditions, probably by scavenging destructive superoxide radicals. Conclusions: These results demonstrated new pharmacological activities, which contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms of action of HR in chronic venous insufficiency.
Online Coupling of Digital Microfluidic Devices with Mass Spectrometry Detection Using an Eductor with Electrospray Ionization (2012)

MS detection coupled with digital microfluidic (DMF) devices has most commonly been demonstrated in an offline manner using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization. In this work, an eductor is demonstrated which facilitated online coupling of DMF with electrospray ionization MS detection. The eductor consisted of a transfer capillary, a standard ESI needle, and a tapered gas nozzle. As a pulse of N(2) was applied to the nozzle, a pressure differential was induced at the outlet of the ESI needle that pulled droplets from the DMF, past the ESI needle, and into the flow of gas exiting the nozzle, allowing detection by MS. Operating position, ionization potential, and N(2) pressure were optimized, with the optimum ionization potential and N(2) pressure found to be 3206 V and 80 psi, respectively. Online MS detection was demonstrated from both open and closed DMF devices using 2.5 μL and 630 nL aqueous droplets, respectively. Relative quantitation by DMF-MS was demonstrated by mixing droplets of caffeine with droplets of theophylline on an open DMF device and comparing the peak area ratio obtained to an on-chip generated calibration curve. This eductor-based method for transferring droplets has the potential for rapid, versatile, and high-throughput microfluidic analyses.
Gene therapy for genetic lipoprotein lipase deficiency: from promise to practice. (2005)

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) deficiency is a rare, hereditary disorder of lipoprotein metabolism characterised by severely increased triglyceride levels, and associated with an increased risk for pancreatitis. Since no adequate treatment modality is available for this disorder, we set out to develop an LPL gene therapy protocol. This paper focuses on the clinical presentation of LPL deficiency, summarises the preclinical investigations in animal models and describes the rationale to evaluate gene therapy for this monogenetic disorder of lipid metabolism in humans.
SemEval-2014 Task 10: Multilingual Semantic Textual Similarity (2014)

Eneko Agirre, Carmen Banea, Claire Cardie, Daniel Cer, Mona Diab, Aitor Gonzalez-Agirre, Weiwei Guo, Rada Mihalcea, German Rigau, Janyce Wiebe. Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval 2014). 2014.
Refinement criteria for adaptive stochastic ray tracing of textures (1991)

Adaptive stochastic ray tracing is a rendering technique that generates high-quality anti-aliased images by sampling the image in a non-regular pattern that is adaptively refined. Image refinement can be guided by image space or object space criteria. For display of textures, additional criteria that operate in texture space can be added to further improve image quality. In this paper three texture space refinement criteria are introduced. The methods minimize the chance of sampling errors at the cost of only a small amount of preprocessing and are comparable in efficiency with existing texture prefiltering methods.
2D implementation of quantum annealing algorisms for fourth order binary optimization problems (2016)

Quantum annealing may provide advantages over simulated annealing on solving some problems such as Kth order binary optimization problem. No feasible architecture exists to implement the high-order optimization problem (K &gt; 2) on current quantum annealing hardware. We propose a two-dimensional quantum annealing architecture to solve the 4th order binary optimization problem by encoding four-qubit interactions within the coupled local fields acting on a set of physical qubits. All possible four-body coupling terms for an N-qubit system can be implemented through this architecture and are readily realizable with the existing superconducting circuit technologies. The overhead of the physical qubits is O(N4), which is the same as previously proposed architectures in four-dimensional space. The equivalence between the optimization problem Hamiltonian and the executable Hamiltonian is ensured by a gauge invariant subspace of the experimental system. A scheme to realize local gauge constraint by single ancillary qubit is proposed.
Simultaneous generation of wavelength tunable two-colored femtosecond soliton pulses using optical fibers (1999)

Wavelength tunable two-colored femtosecond (fs) soliton pulse generation is proposed and demonstrated for the first time, using passively mode-locked fs fiber laser and polarization maintaining fibers. The wavelengths of the two soliton pulses can be changed arbitrarily by varying the power and polarization direction of the fiber-input pulse. Ideal two colored soliton pulses in which the pulsewidths are about 200 fs are generated in the wavelength region of 1.56-1.70 μm for 110-m fiber. The generated pulses are almost transform-limited ones.
Comparison of T cell receptor gene rearrangements in patients with large granular T cell leukemia and Felty's syndrome. (1987)

Felty's syndrome (FS) refers to the occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis, splenomegaly, and neutropenia. A subset of these patients has recently been described with a chronic T cell leukemia of large granular lymphocytes (LGCL). To examine the spectrum of lymphocyte abnormalities in FS and LGCL, we examined phenotypic and genotypic properties of lymphocytes from eight FS patients. In two of these FS patients, we observed an elevated proportion of T cells with an unusual phenotype (CD3+/Leu-7+/Leu-8-/CR3+) (46 +/- 5% of mononuclear cells). The FS lymphocytes had large granular morphology on Wright-Giemsa stain and were active in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxic activity. This phenotype, morphology, and activity was similar to LGCL patients except that the latter T cells additionally expressed the Fc-IgG receptor recognized by monoclonal antibody Leu-11 (CD 15). In the remaining six FS patients, the proportion of CD3+/Leu-7+/CR 3+ T cells was only 10 +/- 8%, which was not significantly different from age-matched normal subjects (6.6 +/- 2.2%). To determine the clonality of T lymphocytes in FS and LGCL, we examined DNA for rearrangements of the T cell antigen receptor beta-chain (Ti beta) and gamma-chain (Ti gamma) genes by using Southern blotting techniques. We found a clonal rearrangement of the Ti beta 1 and Ti gamma genes in both LGCL patients. In contrast, no clonal rearrangements of Ti beta or Ti gamma genes were detected in lymphocytes from the FS patients. These results indicate that FS patients are heterogeneous in their phenotype and that one subset exhibits polyclonal expansion of an unusual lymphocyte subset.
Visible light-responsive micelles formed from dialkoxyanthracene-containing block copolymers (2011)

A class of dialkoxyanthracene-containing diblock copolymers is synthesized which possesses visible light-responsivity. These copolymers can self-assemble into a micellar structure in water. Green visible light (540 nm) is able to scissor these anthracene species and cleave the diblock copolymer into two fragments, inducing disassembly of the self-assembled micelles.
Sequencing nucleic acids: from chemistry to medicine (2011)

Chemistry has played a vital role in making routine, affordable sequencing of human genomes a reality. This article focuses on the genesis and development of Solexa sequencing that originated in Cambridge, UK. This sequencing approach is helping transform science and offers intriguing prospects for the future of medicine.
Trehalose and Protein Stability (2010)

The role of osmolytes, and especially trehalose, in stabilizing proteins under stress conditions is now a widely accepted fact. The physical and chemical properties of trehalose, i.e., low chemical reactivity, nonreducing nature, high glass transition temperature, high affinity for water molecules, existence of a number of polymorphs, etc., make it uniquely suitable for stabilizing partially unfolded protein molecules and inhibiting protein aggregation. This article discusses the various adverse situations that protein molecules face, both within the cell and outside, leading to their aggregation and inactivation. The use of trehalose in stabilizing protein molecules and helping them retain their functionally active forms under such conditions is examined. The various theories and mechanisms used to explain the protective action of trehalose are briefly presented. The experimental tools that can be used to decipher the mechanism of aggregation and the role of trehalose are also discussed.
Synthesis of 10b-R-hydroxy-pancratistatin via narciclasine (1994)

G. R. Pettit, N. Melody, M. O'Sullivan, M. A. Thompson, D. L. Herald and B. Coates, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1994, 2725 DOI: 10.1039/C39940002725
Induction by some protein kinase inhibitors of differentiation of a mouse megakaryoblastic cell line established by coinfection with Abelson murine leukemia virus and recombinant SV40 retrovirus. (1991)

Mouse C1 line cells are megakaryoblastic cells established by coinfection of Abelson murine leukemia virus and recombinant simian virus 40. We examined the effects of various compounds on growth and differentiation of these cells. Megakaryocytic differentiation of C1 cells was not induced by cytokines that stimulate megakaryocytic maturation of normal progenitor cells, such as interleukin 3 and 6 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. However, the cells were induced to differentiate into megakaryocytes by treatment with some protein kinase inhibitors. The inhibition of v-abl tyrosine kinase activity preceded induction of differentiation of the cells treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as genistein, herbimycin A, and erbstatin. Treatment of C1 cells with a v-abl antisense oligomer inhibited their proliferation and induced acetylcholinesterase activity, a typical marker of megakaryocytic differentiation. These results suggest that inhibition of v-abl function is associated with induction of megakaryocytic differentiation of C1 cells. Among the compounds tested, 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7), a potent inhibitor of cyclic nucleotide-dependent and Ca(2+)-phospholipid-dependent (protein kinase C) protein kinases, was the most potent inducer of differentiation of C1 cells. However, the differentiation-inducing effect of H-7 was unlikely to be mediated through inhibition of protein kinase C or cyclic nucleotide-dependent kinases, because other types of inhibitors of these kinases were not effective, and a protein kinase activator (phorbol ester) induced differentiation of C1 cells. Moreover, neither v-abl mRNA expression nor v-abl kinase activity in C1 cells was affected by treatment with H-7. These findings indicate that induction of megakaryocytic differentiation by H-7 is not related to inhibition of v-abl kinase, but rather to some novel function of H-7.
Single-electron-memory integrated circuit for giga-to-tera bit storage (2002)

A single-electron-based integrated circuit is presented. An 8/spl times/8 b memory-cell array demonstrates read/write, ushering in a new phase of research on single-electron devices.
Interaction of Noncompetitive Inhibitors with an Immobilized α3β4 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Investigated by Affinity Chromatography, Quantitative−Structure Activity Relationship Analysis, and Molecular Docking (2004)

A large number of drug substances act as noncompetitive inhibitors (NCIs) of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) by blocking the ion flux through the channel. An affinity chromatography technique has been developed for investigating the interactions between NCIs and the alpha3beta4 subtype of neuronal nAChR. The data obtained from the chromatographic study were used to construct QSAR models of the NCI-nAChR binding with both electronic and steric parameters observed as important descriptors. A molecular model of the transmembrane domain of the alpha3beta4 subtype of nAChR was constructed and used to simulate the docking of a series of NCIs. A key aspect of the model was the discovery of the cleft produced by the incorporation of the bulky phenylalanine moiety into the nonpolar section of the lumen by the beta4 subunit. Quantitatively, the results of docking simulations modeled the experimental affinity data better than QSAR results. The computational approach, combined with the modeling of NCI-nAChR interaction by affinity chromatography, can be used to predict possible toxicities and adverse interactions.
Genetic and Molecular Analysis of hyperplastic discs, a Gene Whose Product Is Required for Regulation of Cell Proliferation in Drosophila melanogaster Imaginal Discs and Germ Cells (1994)

The hyperplastic discs (hyd) gene (formerly called l(3)c43) is located at 85E1-10 on the third chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. It was originally identified by a temperature-sensitive mutation that causes imaginal disc overgrowth in mutant larvae raised at a restrictive temperature. Twenty new alleles of hyperplastic discs have been recovered in gamma ray, ethyl methanesulfonate and hybrid dysgenesis screens, and the molecular lesions have been identified for several of the alleles. The null phenotype appears to be lethality at or before the second instar. Adults that can be obtained in crosses of temperature-sensitive alleles maintained at permissive temperatures are sterile with one exception and have defects in germ tissue morphology. The hyperplastic discs locus has been cloned by chromosome walking from the alpha-tubulin-2 gene and encodes a 9.5-kb messenger RNA, containing a 2897-amino-acid open reading frame. Sequence analysis of HYD reveals strong similarity to a portion of the C-terminus of poly(A) binding protein and to the RAT 100-kDa PROTEIN, whose function is unknown. Developmental Northern and Western analyses show coincident accumulation of the 9.5-kb transcript and the 280-kDa protein at all stages of development, with high levels at the embryonic and pupal stages. The 280-kDa HYD protein accumulates at decreased levels in mutant alleles and at restrictive temperatures in ts alleles. Examination of relative levels of HYD protein in mutant animals support the idea that less severe mutations are those that result in disc overgrowth, while more severe mutations result in variable disc growth phenotypes.
Weight reduction with a high protein, low carbohydrate, calorie-restricted diet: effects on blood pressure, glucose and insulin levels. (1989)

A clear relationship exists between obesity and hypertension. In this study, blood pressure was examined in 215 obese patients. Significant positive correlations were demonstrated between the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and age, body weight, body mass index (BMI), fasting and 2 h postprandial glucose and postprandial insulin concentrations. Using a stepwise multiple regression analysis, it was clear that body weight, age and glycaemic parameters were the most important determinants of arterial blood pressure. During a period of 6 months, 113 patients were treated with a high protein, low carbohydrate, calorie-restricted diet. This resulted in a mean weight loss of 17 +/- 7.9 kg and a considerable drop in MAP, and in fasting and postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations. None of the patients who were hypertensive before treatment (n = 17) remained so afterwards. We can conclude that: (1) changes in blood pressure are always accompanied by changes in the same direction of one or more of the parameters of glucose homeostasis, which suggests a common link; (2) The dietary approach to obesity therapy successfully lowers blood pressure and helps to rectify the abnormalities in glucose metabolism.
Early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction with use of a rapid immunochemical assay of creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (1993)

In 195 patients presenting with chest pain and referred acutely for cardiological assessment, blood was taken immediately for assay of creatine kinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) MB isoenzyme by an immunochemical method and results [mass units of enzyme per liter of plasma (microgram/L)] were obtained within 30 min of sampling. Diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in the patients was made independently, based on electrocardiograms and conventional cardiac enzyme profiles. The administration of any thrombolytic therapy in response to the CK-MB concentration result was also noted, allowing assessment of the assay's potential influence on patient management in addition to the diagnostic efficiency evaluation. The study demonstrated that, when blood samples were collected on admission to hospital and the decision level suggested by the manufacturers was utilized, the assay had an immediate sensitivity of 52% and a specificity of 97%. Of the 81 patients who were shown by conventional means to have had acute myocardial infarction, 8 (10%) had equivocal electrocardiograms but positive CK-MB concentration results. In four of these patients (5%), thrombolytic therapy was given on the basis of the clinical features and a positive CK-MB concentration result alone.
Computationally efficient QMF filter banks (2005)

This paper introduces a computationally efficient technique for splitting a signal into N equally spaced sub-bands subsampled by 1/N and for near perfectly reconstructing the original signal from the sub-band signals. This technique is based on a multirate approach where some operations are nested to decrease the computation load. Simulation results show that the performances are comparable to that of conventional quadrature mirror filters, but with a very significant reduction in computational complexity.
A capacitorless double gate DRAM technology for sub-100-nm embedded and stand-alone memory applications (2003)

A capacitorless, asymmetric double gate DRAM (DG-DRAM) technology is presented. Its double gate, thin body structure reduces dopant fluctuation effects, off-state leakage, and disturb problems. The cell's large body coefficient amplifies small gains of body potential into increased drain current. Experimental measurements of DG-DRAM were made using recessed channel SOI n-MOSFETs. No significant degradation in programming, retention, and read behavior was observed after 10/sup 11/ cycles. Cell geometry, operating voltages, and material quality should be considered for DG-DRAM in embedded and stand-alone applications. The feasibility of DG-DRAM in future high density CMOS memories depends on issues such as manufacturability, soft error reliability, and tail bit distribution.