gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of CCKB/gastrin receptor isoforms in gastro‐intestinal tumour cells (1998)

Anti-serum raised against the human cholecystokinin B (CCKB)/gastrin receptor was used in Western blotting to differentiate the cellular locations of receptor isoforms expressed by human gastro-intestinal (GI) tumour cell lines. Using anti-serum directed against the amino-terminal extracellular tail of the CCKB/gastrin receptor, 8/9 cell lines were shown to express immunoreactive proteins of either m.w. 70 or 40 kDa, or both. Both isoforms were found to be associated with intracellular, non-nuclear membranes, whereas only the 70 kDa protein was expressed in the plasma membrane. Receptor expression was related to gastrin production and secretion. Both progastrin and glycine-extended gastrin-17 were produced and secreted by the tumour cell lines; however, carboxy amidated gastrin was not detected by radioimmunoassay. A CCKB/gastrin receptor transfectant NIH3T3 cell line did not produce detectable gastrin and showed exclusive expression of the 70 kDa receptor on the plasma membrane. One cell line had <50 pg/ml cell-associated progastrin and no detectable receptor form. Cell lines expressing 50–150 pg/ml had both 40 and 70 kDa receptor forms. Those expressing >150 pg/ml progastrin had only the 40 kDa isoform, which was shown to be exclusively expressed on intracellular, non-nuclear membranes, in one of the cell lines. Of the 4 cell lines exclusively expressing the lower m.w. receptor, 3 had gastrin present within the cell, which was not secreted. Thus, if cell- associated gastrin induces a proliferative effect, it may be by an intracrine pathway. Our study has identified the presence of CCKB/gastrin receptor isoforms in different cellular locations and may help toward understanding the complex autocrine and intracrine pathways mediated by gastrin peptides. Int. J. Cancer 77:572–577, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and Proton-NMR Studies of Oligonucleotides Containing an Apurinic (AP) Site (1987)

In order to elucidate the conformational properties of base-deleted oligodeoxyribonucleotides, the molecules d-CpS(pCpG)n (n = 1,2; S = sugar) were synthesized by the phosphotriester method and characterized by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Complete assignment of all non-exchangeable proton resonances of both compounds was obtained by 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques. In combination with computer simulation, these spectra yielded proton-proton and proton-phosphorus coupling constants of high accuracy. These data provide valuable information about the sugar and the backbone conformation. It appears that d-Cp1Sp2Cp3G4 does not form a duplex under any of the conditions studied. On the contrary, the base-deleted hexamer d-Cp1Sp2Cp3Gp4Cp5G6 occurs as a right-handed' staggered' DNA duplex at 280 K: the core of this duplex is formed by the residues C(3)-G(6); two 'dangling' residues C(1) and S(2) are located at the two 5'-ends of the duplex. The assignment of the corresponding imino proton resonances for [d-CpS(pCpG)2]2 was based on their thermal behavior: the line broadening of these resonances was studied as a function of temperature. The chemical shift and the number of imino proton resonances accord well with the number and type of Watson-Crick base pairs which can be formed in the staggered duplex described above. Thermodynamic parameters of duplex formation were obtained from an analysis of the chemical shift versus temperature profiles of aromatic base and H-1' protons. It is suggested that the cytosine ring of C(1) stacks, at least part of the time, with the guanine ring on the nucleotide residue, G(6), situated in the complementary strand. The binding of Lys-Trp-Lys to [d-CpS(pCpG)2]2 as well as to [d-CpGpCpG]1 was investigated. It is concluded that the indole ring of the tryptophan residue probably stacks on top of the 3'-terminal guanine base of both duplexes, but not on the nucleic acid bases next to the apurinic (AP) site.
Synthetic oligonucleotides for biomedical applications. (1991)

New developments of oligonucleotides for biomedical applications are surveyed. Diagnostic probes were conveniently labelled by enzymatic immunogenic tailing with 5-bromo-deoxyuridine triphosphate. "Antisense" oligonucleotides of potential therapeutic value were stabilized against nucleolytic decay by inversion of terminal internucleotidic linkages. Introduction of 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-nucleotide units enhances duplex stability and conveys resistance to ribonucleases.
Trafficking of lysosomal enzymes in normal and disease states. (1986)

Cet article pass en revue les connaissances actuelles sur l'orientation des enzymes lysosomales vers leur cible et discute les anomalies de cette voie qui ont ete etablies jusqu'ici
The complete nucleotide sequence of enterovirus type 70: relationships with other members of the Picornaviridae (1990)

Enterovirus type 70 (EV70) is the causative agent of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis and may also give rise to a rare neurological complication closely resembling poliomyelitis. The complete nucleotide sequence of the genome of EV70 has been determined from cDNA cloned in Escherichia coli. The genome consists of a 5′ non-coding region of 726 nucleotides (nt), a long open reading frame of 6582 nt and a 3′ non-coding region of 82 nt prior to the poly(A) tract. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence and the predicted amino acid sequence of the polyprotein with those published for other enteroviruses reveals sufficiently high similarity to predict antigenic regions and polyprotein cleavage sites. The P1 region of EV70 is as similar to those of the entero- as to those of the rhinoviruses, whereas the P2 and P3 regions are more closely related to the coxsackie B and swine vesicular disease viruses than other entero- or rhinoviruses.
Use of two-way wireless messaging for personal telephone management (2002)

This paper explores the intersection of two-way wireless data messaging and telephony, enabling nomadic end users to screen, select, and receive calls and exchange messages with callers independent of location. This is accomplished by combining features of the public local exchange telephone network, a Bellcore experimental software prototype application, a wireless data network, and a palm-top computer equipped with a wireless modem. The paper describes a demonstration which illustrates how an end user, through use of a palm-top personal computer equipped with wireless communication capability, can be alerted to incoming telephone calls and selectively route the calls to his or her current location and return messages to the caller. The demonstration identifies the value of providing seamless interconnectivity between wireline and wireless networks to meet the emerging communications needs of people on the move.
In-line optical-fibre filter for wavelength multiplexing (1985)

An optical-fibre wavelength-selective directional coupler has been fabricated using evanescent-wave coupling between fibres of dissimilar core radii and refractive-index profiles. This device has a nonperiodic filter response with a bandpass of 90 nm FWHM centred around 1.22 μm, and has a peak coupling efficiency of 60% with an excess loss of 0.2 dB.
The promise of 4‐1BB (CD137)‐mediated immunomodulation and the immunotherapy of cancer (2008)

The continuing efforts in biomedical research to develop new therapies for cancer are entering an exciting new phase. Research over the past two to three decades has yielded a much more detailed understanding of the complexities of the cellular and molecular interactions involved in the generation and regulation of immune responses. We are also gaining insights into the mechanisms by which tumors evade or escape immune recognition and by which they become resistant to various existing chemotherapeutic and/or radiotherapeutic strategies. A clear conclusion that can be drawn from these studies is that effective treatments of cancer will become much more multifaceted and will include immunotherapeutic approaches. The identification and molecular cloning of genes encoding the receptors and ligands that play crucial roles in the generation and regulation of immune responses provides exciting new opportunities to induce and enhance effective endogenous immune responses to cancer. In this regard, the genes that comprise the tumor necrosis factor and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamilies show particular promise. One receptor:ligand pair (4-1BB/CD137 and 4-1BBL/CD137L) is emerging as a target with important potential in its ability to enhance the generation of effective tumor-specific immune responses in situ. The results of the studies cited in this review highlight the potentials of 4-1BB-mediated immunotherapy.
The inhibition of EGF-dependent proliferation of keratinocytes by tyrphostin tyrosine kinase blockers. (1991)

Protein tyrosine kinase blockers of the tyrphostin family inhibited the EGF-dependent proliferation of human and guinea pig keratinocytes grown in culture and induced their growth arrest. These blockers also significantly inhibited the growth of epidermal keratinocytes, but not of dermal cells, in whole skin organ culture from both guinea pig and human origin. The antiproliferative activity of these tyrphostins correlated quantitatively with their potency as inhibitors of EGF receptor autophosphorylation and the EGF-dependent protein phosphorylation of intracellular target proteins in the keratinocyte. Furthermore, no significant cell cytotoxicity or reduction in serine and threonine phosphorylation of many intracellular polypeptides were observed upon incubation of the cells with tyrphostins like AG213. The complete growth arrest induced by the tyrphostins is fully reversible and upon their removal the keratinocytes resumed their growth with the original growth rate. Because of the nontoxic nature of these compounds and their growth-arresting properties, we suggest their use as agents to treat hyperproliferative conditions of human skin.
Enhanced coupling of terahertz radiation to cylindrical wire waveguides (2006)

Wire waveguides have recently been shown to be valuable for transporting pulsed terahertz radiation. This technique relies on the use of a scattering mechanism for input coupling. A radially polarized surface wave is excited when a linearly polarized terahertz pulse is focused on the gap between the wire waveguide and another metal structure. We calculate the input coupling efficiency using a simulation based on the Finite Element Method (FEM). Additional FEM results indicate that enhanced coupling efficiency can be achieved through the use of a radially symmetric photoconductive antenna. Experimental results confirm that such an antenna can generate terahertz radiation which couples to the radial waveguide mode with greatly improved efficiency.
Bayesian data mining, with application to benchmarking and credit scoring (2001)

Abstract The purpose of this article is to show that Bayesian methods, coupled with Markov chain Monte Carlo computational techniques, can be successfully employed in the analysis of highly dimensional complex datasets, such as those occurring in data mining applications. Our methodology employs conditional independence graphs to localize model specification and inferences, thus allowing a considerable gain in flexibility of modelling and efficiency of the computations. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
X-ray Structure Analysis of Indazoliumtrans-[Tetrachlorobis(1H-indazole)ruthenate(III)] (KP1019) Bound to Human Serum Albumin Reveals Two Ruthenium Binding Sites and Provides Insights into the Drug Binding Mechanism (2016)

Ruthenium(III) complexes are promising candidates for anticancer drugs, especially the clinically studied indazolium trans-[tetrachlorobis(1H-indazole)ruthenate(III)] (KP1019) and its analogue sodium trans-[tetrachlorobis(1H-indazole)ruthenate(III)] (NKP-1339). Several studies have emphasized the likely role of human serum proteins in the transportation and accumulation of ruthenium(III) complexes in tumors. Therefore, the interaction between KP1019 and human serum albumin was investigated by means of X-ray crystallography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The structural data unambiguously reveal the binding of two ruthenium atoms to histidine residues 146 and 242, which are both located within well-known hydrophobic binding pockets of albumin. The ruthenium centers are octahedrally coordinated by solvent molecules revealing the dissociation of both indazole ligands from the ruthenium-based drug. However, a binding mechanism is proposed indicating the importance of the indazole ligands for binding site recognition and thus their indispensable role for the binding of KP1019.
Stability of Freeze Dried Horseradish Peroxidase Conjugated Monoclonal Antibodies Used in Diagnostic Serology (1995)

Two murine monoclonal antibodies, an IgG1 isotype specific for the heavy chain of bovine IgG1, the second an IgG3 isotype and specific for an epitope of the O-polysaccharide of Brucella abortus were conjugated with horseradish peroxidase. The conjugated antibodies were freeze dried in the presence of a number of additives to preserve activity and tested for stability over an 18 month period. Addition of 0.3M trehalose or 0.8% lactalbumin and 3.2% sucrose resulted in the lowest loss of activity if the conjugated antibodies were freeze dried in glass vials. Freeze drying in polypropylene vials resulted in a more rapid rate of deterioration with some additives or an accelerated rate of decline after an initial plateau of lesser loss of activity. The use of polypropylene vials and lactalbumin and sucrose were included in this study because of their low cost compared to glass vials and trehalose. While each antibody behaved differently, addition of trehalose or lactalbumin and sucrose to the conjugated antibodies aided in the preservation of enzyme activity. Both additives provide a suitable method for long term storage of freeze dried or freeze dried and reconstituted monoclonal antibody-enzyme conjugates.
The Low Molecular Weight GTPase Rho Regulates Myofibril Formation and Organization in Neonatal Rat Ventricular Myocytes (1998)

The assembly of contractile proteins into organized sarcomeric units is one of the most distinctive features of cardiac myocyte hypertrophy. In a well characterized in vitro model system using cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes, a subset of G protein-coupled receptor agonists has been shown to induce actin-myosin filament organization. Pretreatment of myocytes with C3 exoenzyme ADP-ribosylated Rho and inhibited the characteristic alpha1-adrenergic receptor agonist-induced myofibrillar organization, suggesting involvement of the Rho GTPase in cardiac myofibrillogenesis. We used adenoviral mediated gene transfer to examine the effects of activated Rho and inhibitory mutants of one of its effectors, Rho kinase, in myocytes. Rho immunoreactivity was increased in the particulate fraction of myocytes infected with a recombinant adenovirus expressing constitutively activated Rho. Rho-infected cells demonstrated a striking increase in the assembly and organization of sarcomeric units and in the expression of the atrial natriuretic factor protein. These Rho-induced responses were markedly inhibited by co-infection with adenoviruses expressing putative dominant negative forms of Rho kinase. A parallel pathway involving Ras-induced myofibrillar organization and atrial natriuretic factor expression was only minimally affected. alpha1-Adrenergic receptor agonist-induced myofibrillogenesis was inhibited by some but not all of the Rho kinase mutants. Our data demonstrate that activated Rho has profound effects on myofibrillar organization in cardiac myocytes and suggest that Rho kinase mediates Rho-induced hypertrophic responses.
Structure-Function Analysis of Nucleolin and ErbB Receptors Interactions (2009)

The oncogenic potential of ErbB depends on receptor levels and activation. Nucleolin affects ErbB dimerization and activation leading to enhanced cell growth. The C-terminal region of nucleolin and the ErbB1 NLS-domain mediate this interaction. Moreover, when the C-terminal 212 amino acids region of nucleolin is expressed with ErbB1, it can enhance anchorage independent cell growth. Taken together these results offer new insight into the role of ErbB1 and nucleolin interaction in malignant cells.
Effect of a Monoclonal Antibody to PCSK9 on LDL Cholesterol (2012)

In three phase 1 trials, a monoclonal antibody to PCSK9 significantly reduced LDL cholesterol levels in healthy volunteers and in subjects with familial or nonfamilial hypercholesterolemia. (Funded by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals and Sanofi; ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT01026597, NCT01074372, and NCT01161082.).
Pancreatitis and the Risk of Pancreatic Cancer (1995)

To offer quantitative evidence on the association between pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, we analyzed data from a hospital-based case-control study conducted in northern Italy between 1983 and 1992, including a total of 362 incident cases of histologically confirmed pancreatic cancer and 1,408 controls admitted to hospital for acute, nonneoplastic, nondigestive tract disorders. Information was obtained using a structured questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle habits (including tobacco and alcohol consumption) and a problem-oriented medical history, which included history of pancreatitis and age at its first diagnosis. Pancreatitis was reported by 24 (6.6%) cases and 18 (1.3%) controls, yielding an age- and sex-adjusted relative risk (RR) of 5.7 (95% confidence interval, 2.9-11.4). The risk of pancreatic cancer was appreciably higher 5 or more years after diagnosis of pancreatitis (RR = 6.9) than in the first 4 years (RR = 2.1), and in subjects below age 60 (RR = 8.3) than in elderly ones (RR = 2.6), but similar in males and females. The time-risk relationship is strongly indicative of a real relationship between pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. After allowing for tobacco and alcohol, besides area of residence and education, the association between pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer appeared to be partly explained by such covariates (RR = 3.9); however, this may represent some degree of overadjustment if, for instance, alcohol is causally linked to pancreatitis, which, in turn, is causally related to pancreatic cancer. In terms of population attributable risk, pancreatitis would explain approximately 5% of pancreatic cancer cases.
Effects of food on bacterial community composition associated with the copepod Acartia tonsa Dana (2009)

The estuarine copepod Acartia tonsa naturally carried diverse strains of bacteria on its body. The bacterial community composition (BCC) remained very conservative even when the copepod was fed different axenic algal species, indicating that the food per se did not much affect BCC associated with the copepod. In xenic algal treatments, however, copepod-associated BCC differed with each alga fed, even though the same bacterial source was used to inoculate the algae. In addition, starved copepods taken at the same location but at different times significantly differed in their BCC. Algal species composition and copepod life history therefore serve to regulate BCC associated with copepods, and spatial and temporal variations in algal species composition and copepod origin would alter bacteria-copepod interactions.
De-Novo Design of Antimicrobial Peptides for Plant Protection (2013)

This work describes the de-novo design of peptides that inhibit a broad range of plant pathogens. Four structurally different groups of peptides were developed that differ in size and position of their charged and hydrophobic clusters and were assayed for their ability to inhibit bacterial growth and fungal spore germination. Several peptides are highly active at concentrations between 0,1 and 1 µg/ml against plant pathogenic bacteria, such as Pseudomonas syringae, Pectobacterium carotovorum, and Xanthomonas vesicatoria. Importantly, no hemolytic activity could be detected for these peptides at concentrations up to 200 µg/ml. Moreover, the peptides are also active after spraying on the plant surface demonstrating a possible way of application. In sum, our designed peptides represent new antimicrobial agents and with the increasing demand for antimicrobial compounds for production of "healthy" food, these peptides might serve as templates for novel antibacterial and antifungal agents.
Morphine: Radioimmunoassay (1970)

The development of a radioimmunoassay for morphine is described. The hapten morphine is made antigenic by coupling it to a protein at the phenolic group of the molecule. Extremely low concentrations of morphine (0.5 nanogram) can be measured by this assay procedure.
Reduced Elastic Mismatch Achieved by Interposing Vein Cuff in Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Femoral Bypass Decreases Intimal Hyperplasia (2005)

The Miller cuff acts as a mechanical adapter enhancing wall shear stress and the elastic matching between ePTFE and the native artery, resulting in an early decrease of intimal hyperplasia.
A review of the literature on how important water is to the world's elderly population (2004)

Five strategies related to water intake can promote health: (1) assess for symptoms which may indicate dehydration, (2) encourage ingestion of fluids and foods to maintain an optimal fluid level, (3) be alert to physical and clinical conditions affecting hydration in the elderly, (4) consider environmental factors which may affect body fluids, electrolytes and acid-base balance, and (5) encourage methods to increase fluid consumption.
Flagellin, a Novel Mediator of Salmonella -Induced Epithelial Activation and Systemic Inflammation: IκBα Degradation, Induction of Nitric Oxide Synthase, Induction of Proinflammatory Mediators, and Cardiovascular Dysfunction (2001)

Gram-negative sepsis is mediated by the actions of proinflammatory genes induced in response to microbes and their products. We report that flagellin, the monomeric subunit of flagella, is a potent proinflammatory species released by Salmonella. Flagellin (1 microgram/ml) induces IkappaBalpha degradation, NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, and inducible NO synthase expression in cultured intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). Aflagellic Salmonella mutants do not induce NF-kappaB activation or NO production by cultured IEC. Antiserum to flagellin blocks NO production in IEC induced by medium conditioned by a variety of motile Gram-negative enteric pathogens (Escherichia coli, Salmonella muenchen, Serratia marcescens, Proteus mirabilis, and Proteus vulgaris). Flagellin, when injected systemically (approximately 10 microgram/mouse), induces systemic inflammation characterized by the systemic expression of a range of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and of inducible NO synthase. At higher doses (approximately 300 microgram/mouse), flagellin induces shock, characterized by hypotension, reduced vascular contractility in mice, and death. The effects of flagellin do not diminish in C3H/HeJ LPS-resistant mice, indicating that the Toll-like receptor-4 receptor is not involved in flagellin's actions. In LPS-resistant mice, i.p. injection of S. dublin flagellin or medium conditioned by wild-type S. dublin induces serum IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, whereas medium conditioned by aflagellic mutants has no effect. Flagellin can be detected in the blood of rats with septic shock induced by live bacteria at approximately 1 microg/ml. We propose that flagellin released by Gram-negative pathogens may contribute to the inflammatory response by an LPS- and Toll-like receptor-4-independent pathway.