gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular interaction between CD58 and CD2 counter-receptors mediates the ability of monocytes to augment T cell activation by IL-12 (1996)

IL-12 stimulates both T and NK cells and is pivotal in the development of the Th1 immune response. In this work, we show that an interaction between CD2 and CD58 on activated T cells and monocytes, respectively, regulates the T cell response to IL-12. B cells provide little IL-12-specific costimulation, and this correlates with the low level of CD58 on B cells relative to monocytes and the lack of significant up-regulation in response to IFN-gamma or PHA activation. CHO cell transfectants expressing CD58 at a level comparable with that found on monocytes restore IL-12 responsiveness to APC-depleted T cells. This effect is not observed with CHO cells expressing CD48, a second CD2 ligand with a low avidity for CD2 relative to CD58. Thus, in addition to augmenting adhesion between T cells and their cognate APCs and facilitating TCR-triggered activation, the CD2-CD58 interaction uniquely optimizes the T cell response to IL-12.
The Crisis of Resistance: Identifying Drug Exposures to Suppress Amplification of Resistant Mutant Subpopulations (2006)

Antibiotic resistance is seen in both the hospital and community settings. Approaches are required to minimize the increase in resistant strains, such as good antibiotic stewardship and the limiting of antibiotic use to appropriate circumstances. There are instances when drug dose and/or schedule can be used to minimize the probability that mutants will take over the bacterial population. Over the past several years, significant advances have been made in understanding the relationship between drug concentrations and amplification of resistant mutant subpopulations. In this review, we examine the use of preclinical models for facilitating this understanding. We also use mathematical techniques, including Monte Carlo simulation, to bridge between the identification of exposures to minimize resistance and the examination of candidate drug doses to achieve this end. Examples are provided for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In each instance, quinolone antimicrobials were examined. More investigations with other pathogens and drug classes are required.
Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT): limitations on the way to become diagnosis (2015)

With the discovery of existing circulating cell-free fetal DNA (ccffDNA) in maternal plasma and the advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, there is substantial hope that prenatal diagnosis will become a predominately non-invasive process in the future. At the moment, non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is available for high-risk pregnancies with significant better sensitivity and specificity than the other existing non-invasive methods (biochemical and ultrasonographical). Mainly it is performed by NGS methods in a few commercial labs worldwide. However, it is expected that many other labs will offer analogous services in the future in this fast-growing field with a multiplicity of in-house methods (e.g., epigenetic, etc.). Due to various limitations of the available methods and technologies that are explained in detail in this manuscript, NIPT has not become diagnostic yet and women may still need to undergo risky invasive procedures to verify a positive finding or to secure (or even expand) a negative one. Efforts have already started to make the NIPT technologies more accurate (even at the level of a complete fetal genome) and cheaper and thus more affordable, in order to become diagnostic screening tests for all pregnancies in the near future.
Corrosion characteristics of RE-Fe-B permanent magnets (1987)

The corrosion characteristics of RE-Fe-B magnets in elevated temperature and/or high humidity and salt-containing environments are reported. Magnetic properties, magnet integrity, and corrosion product were evaluated. Methods of improving the corrosion resistance of RE-Fe-B magnets were also investigated. Epoxy-type coatings were found to be successful for many applications.
Natural resonance theory: I. General formalism (1998)

We present a new quantum-mechanical resonance theory based on the first-order reduced density matrix and its representation in terms of natural bond orbitals (NBOs). This “natural” resonance theory (NRT) departs in important respects from the classical Pauling-Wheland formulation, yet it leads to quantitative resonance weights that are in qualitative accord with conventional resonance theory and chemical intuition. The NRT variational functional leads to an optimal resonance-weighted approximation to the full density matrix, combining the “single reference” limit of weak delocalization (incorporating diagonal population changes only) with the full “multireference” limit of strong delocalization (incorporating off-diagonal couplings between resonance structures. The NRT variational functional yields an error measure that serves as an intrinsic criterion of accuracy of the resonance-theoretic description. The NRT program structure, algorithms, and numerical characteristics are described in supplementary material, and detailed chemical applications are presented in two companion papers. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 19: 593–609, 1998
140-GHz metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors on silicon-on-insulator substrate with a scaled active layer (1994)

Metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors with 100-nm finger spacing and width on a silicon-on-insulator substrate that has a scaled active layer were fabricated and characterized using electro-optic sampling. The unique device structure cuts off carriers generated deep inside the semiconductor substrate, resulting in a measured response time of 3.2 ps and a bandwidth of 140 GHz. Furthermore, the detector structure makes the detector’s speed independent of the light penetration depth and thus the light wavelength. Good metal-semiconductor Schottky contact and low detector dark current have been achieved.
Substrate- and kinase-directed regulation of phosphorylation of a cGMP-binding phosphodiesterase by cGMP. (1990)

A purified bovine lung cGMP-binding cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase (cG-BPDE) was rapidly phosphorylated by purified bovine lung cGMP-dependent protein kinase (cGK). Within a physiological concentration range, cGK catalyzed phosphorylation of cG-BPDE at a rate approximately 10 times greater than did equimolar concentrations of purified catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAK). cG-BPDE was a poor substrate for either purified protein kinase C or Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Binding of cGMP to the cG-BPDE binding site was required for phosphorylation since (a) phosphorylation of cG-BPDE by the catalytic subunit of cAK was cGMP-dependent, (b) phosphorylation of cG-BPDE in the presence of a cGMP analog specific for activation of cGK was cGMP-dependent, and (c) occupation of the cG-BPDE hydrolytic site with competitive inhibitors did not produce the cGMP-dependent effect. cGMP-dependent phosphorylation of cG-BPDE by both cGK and cAK occurred at serine. Proteolytic digestion of cG-BPDE phosphorylated by either cGK or cAK revealed the same phosphopeptide pattern, suggesting that phosphorylation by the two kinases occurred at the same or adjacent site(s). Tryptic digestion of cG-BPDE phosphorylated by cGK and [gamma-32P]ATP produced a single major phosphopeptide of approximately 2 kDa with the following amino-terminal sequence: Lys-Ile-Ser-Ala-Ser-Glu-Phe-Asp-Arg-Pro-Leu-Arg- Radioactivity was released during the third cycle of Edman degradation. cG-BPDE is one of few specific in vitro cGK substrates of known function to be identified. Elevation of intracellular cGMP may cause phosphorylation of cG-BPDE by modulating the substrate site availability as well as by activating cGK. Such regulation would greatly increase the selectivity of the phosphorylation of cG-BPDE and would represent a unique mechanism of action of a cyclic nucleotide or other second messenger.
Orally dissolving strips: A new approach to oral drug delivery system (2013)

Recently, fast dissolving films are gaining interest as an alternative of fast dissolving tablets. The films are designed to dissolve upon contact with a wet surface, such as the tongue, within a few seconds, meaning the consumer can take the product without need for additional liquid. This convenience provides both a marketing advantage and increased patient compliance. As the drug is directly absorbed into systemic circulation, degradation in gastrointestinal tract and first pass effect can be avoided. These points make this formulation most popular and acceptable among pediatric and geriatric patients and patients with fear of choking. Over-the-counter films for pain management and motion sickness are commercialized in the US markets. Many companies are utilizing transdermal drug delivery technology to develop thin film formats. In the present review, recent advancements regarding fast dissolving buccal film formulation and their evaluation parameters are compiled.
Comparison of Continuous Drip of Midazolam or Lidocaine in the Treatment of Intractable Neonatal Seizures (2007)

Seizures constitute the most common neurological symptom in the neonatal period. Treatment usually involves the administration of intravenous benzodiazepines followed by either phenobarbital or phenytoin. For nonresponsive cases, continuous intravenous drip of either midazolam or lidocaine has been suggested for seizure control. Some reports suggest that seizures themselves may have a deleterious effect on long-term neurological outcome. Therefore, there is a need to find treatment regimens with better efficacy to provide maximum seizure control. The authors compared the effectiveness of lidocaine and midazolam in the treatment of intractable seizures in newborn infants born at or after 36 weeks of gestation who suffered from hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and who had their cerebral activity monitored. Thirty infants were included in the study: 22 received lidocaine, and 8 received midazolam. Seventeen (77%) infants had a good or partial response to lidocaine, and 4 (50%) had a partial response to midazolam. Of 20 infants diagnosed with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy grade 2, 18 (90%) responded to second-line treatment (14 [93%] of 15 to lidocaine and 4 [80%] of 5 to midazolam). Among 10 infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy grade 3, only 3 (30%) responded to second-line treatment (all 3 to lidocaine, none to midazolam). The findings suggest that lidocaine may be more effective than midazolam in reducing or controlling refractory neonatal seizures. The lower response rate to midazolam was more evident in infants with severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (grade 3).
Antigenic Specificity of Opsonophagocytic Antibodies in Rabbit Anti-Sera to Group B Streptococci (1977)

Abstract An opsonophagocytic assay has been developed which requires human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, immune serum, and complement for optimal killing of Group B streptococci. Only with all three of these components was killing of greater than 1.0 log10 of the initial inoculum achieved, using rabbit antisera directed to homologous strains of each of the five known serotypes of Group B streptococci. Titers of specific antisera which opsonized the strains and resulted in τ1 log10 reduction of colony-forming units, ranged from 1:100 (serotype Ib) to 1:3200 (serotype Ia). Cross-reactions between serotype-specific sera and heterologous strains were seen in certain instances. Type Ic strain and serotype Ic antiserum demonstrated cross-reactions with types Ia and Ib which were explainable by known shared antigens among these types. The only other cross-reaction which resulted in τ1 log10 reduction in colony-forming units was when unabsorbed antiserum to strain Ia was used to opsonize a strain of serotype III. Opsonization of 10 serotype III strains was demonstrated with a single type III antiserum. Killing of nine of these strains required polymorphonuclear leukocytes, complement, and antiserum, but one strain, D136C, the reference strain, could be killed (τ1 log10 reduction in colony-forming units) without either complement or specific antiserum. Inhibition studies were performed utilizing large m.w. polysaccharide antigens extracted from each serotype. These antigens inhibited opsonization of homologous strains by homologous antisera with 50% inhibition points ranging between 0.5 and 4 µg.
Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Wireless RFIC and On-Chip Antenna Design: Tools and Layout Techniques (2009)

This invited contribution provides insights for implementation of millimeter-wave and terahertz wireless systems on a chip (MTWSOC). We present an overview of important software and simulation tools and key layout issues and design rules for millimeter-wave (mmWave) circuits. An example of a recently fabricated 0.18 ¿m CMOS integrated circuit by the Wireless Networking and Communications Group (WNCG) at The University of Texas at Austin is presented. The example chip includes 60 GHz on-chip antennas, an array of transmission lines, and IMPATT diodes.
Decreased Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type I (HTLV‐I) Provirus Load and Alteration in T Cell Phenotype after Interferon‐α Therapy for HTLV‐I–Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (2004)

To analyze the mechanism by which interferon (IFN)-alpha is effective against human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), we investigated the T cell phenotype and HTLV-I provirus load in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 25 patients with HAM/TSP that were obtained before and after administration of IFN-alpha. The frequency of memory (CD45RA(-)CD27(+)) T cells that were CD8(high+), CXCR3(+) cell populations, and HTLV-I provirus loads were significantly decreased after treatment. The proportion of memory T cells in the CD8(high+) cell population correlated well with HTLV-I provirus load, whereas the proportion of effector (CD45RA(+)CD27(-)) cells in the CD8(high+) cell population was inversely correlated with provirus load. Interestingly, the frequency of perforin expression in CD8(high+) cells was significantly decreased after treatment in patients who experienced clinical improvement, whereas patients who did not experience clinical improvement showed an increased frequency of perforin expression. Our data suggest that fluctuations in these cell subsets are associated with both the immunomodulatory effect of IFN-alpha and the observed clinical benefit of IFN-alpha treatment in patients with HAM/TSP.
Use of a Pharmacokinetic-Driven Computational Fluid Dynamics Model to Predict Nasal Extraction of Hydrogen Sulfide in Rats and Humans (2006)

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a naturally occurring and industrially generated gas. Human exposure to H2S results in dose-related neurological, respiratory, and cardiovascular effects. Subchronic exposure of rats to 30 or 80 ppm H2S results in olfactory neuron loss and basal cell hyperplasia. Olfactory lesions commonly border main airflow streams in the rat, indicating an influence of airflow on H2S-induced lesion locations. In this study, anatomically accurate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models were used to quantitatively predict H2S tissue dose in rat and human nasal passages. Air-tissue flux was defined in terms of H2S solubility, diffusivity, and reaction kinetics in nasal tissue. Kinetic parameters for the rat were estimated from an air-tissue pharmacokinetic (PK) model that was fit to experimental nasal extraction (NE) data. Using this PK-driven CFD model, predicted flux at the mid-dorsomedial meatus and the middle portion of the ethmoid recess showed a good correlation with olfactory lesion incidence. Scaled kinetic parameters were incorporated into a human CFD model to predict H2S flux in human nasal passages. Assuming that equivalent H2S flux values will induce similar responses in the olfactory regions of rats and humans, a no-observed-adverse-effect-level human-equivalent concentration was estimated to be 5 ppm. This estimate was based on quantitative tissue dose estimates extrapolated from both lesion and NE data in rats and represents a risk estimate that is science based and does not rely on simplified dosimetric assumptions for interspecies extrapolation.
Modulation of Rat and Human Lymphocyte Function by n-6 and n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Acetylsalicylic Acid (1993)

The effects of in vitro additions of between 10 and 100 microM n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were examined on the proliferation of stimulated T lymphocytes in culture. For both phytohemagglutinin-induced human blood lymphocytes and concanavalin-A-induced rat splenic lymphocytes, the largest inhibitory effects were obtained with 22:4 n-6 and 22:6 n-3, and to a lesser extent with 20:5 n-3. Arachidonic acid 20:4 n-6, the main eicosanoid precursor, was not inhibitory, it even stimulated rat lymphocyte proliferation. Acetylsalicylic acid stimulated both human and rat lymphocyte proliferation. The effects of moderate decreases in the dietary n-6/n-3 ratio by either linseed oil or fish oil maximum eicosapentaenoic acid (MaxEPA) were determined on rat lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer (NK) cell activity in vitro. Dietary changes did not affect mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation in vitro, but proliferation of unstimulated lymphocytes was significantly lowered (4-fold) with the n-3-enriched diets. Dietary fish oil but not linseed oil significantly increased the NK cell activity of rat splenic lymphocytes. The n-3-enriched diets, especially the fish oil diets, reduced the stimulatory effect of in vitro added acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) on lymphocyte proliferation.
Urea and Guanidine Hydrochloride Denaturation of Ribonuclease, Lysozyme, α-Chymotrypsin, and b-Lactoglobulin (1974)

Goat P-lactoglobulin was prepared from the milk of two Saanen goats by the procedure of Kalan and Basch (12).
Multiple snapshot compressive beamforming (2015)

For sound fields observed on an array, compressive sensing (CS) reconstructs the multiple source signals at unknown directions-of-arrival (DOAs) using a sparsity constraint. The DOA estimation is posed as an underdetermined problem expressing the field at each sensor as a phase-lagged superposition of source amplitudes at all hypothetical DOAs. CS is applicable even for a single observation snapshot achieving a higher resolution than conventional beamforming. For multiple snapshots, CS outperforms conventional high-resolution methods, even with coherent arrivals and at low signal-to- noise ratio.
Recombinant bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) expressing human interferon-alpha 2B demonstrates enhanced immunogenicity (2001)

To increase its immunostimulatory properties, BCG was genetically engineered to secrete recombinant human interferon-alpha 2B (rhIFN-alpha) under control of the mycobacterial heat shock protein (hsp)60 promoter and the alpha antigen signal sequence. Expression of rhIFN-alpha was readily detectable by ELISA and on Western blotting. When compared with control BCG, rhIFN-alpha BCG was substantially more active in inducing the production of IFN-gamma and IFN-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, while IL-10 production was correspondingly decreased. These effects were reversible upon antibody neutralization of rhIFN-alpha. Among 10 patients tested, rhIFN-alpha BCG enhanced IFN-gamma production in all patients ranging from 1.4- to 23.7-fold with a general trend toward greatest enhancement among those with weakest baseline responses to control BCG. Correspondingly, rhIFN-alpha BCG decreased IL-10 production in all patients by 1.2-4.8-fold. The onset of IFN-gamma production induced by rhIFN-alpha BCG was also more rapid, occurring within 4 h after stimulation versus > 24 h with wild-type BCG. The observation that the maximum IFN-gamma induction depends on the simultaneous presence of both IFN-alpha and BCG highlights the advantages of rhIFN-alpha BCG. Taken together, these immunostimulatory properties of rhIFN-alpha BCG suggest that it may be a superior agent for immunotherapeutic protocols involving live BCG in humans.
Direct Enzyme-Amplified Electrical Recognition of a 30-Base Model Oligonucleotide (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTDirect Enzyme-Amplified Electrical Recognition of a 30-Base Model OligonucleotideT. de Lumley-Woodyear, C. N. Campbell, and A. HellerView Author Information Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin, Texas 78712-1062 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 23, 5504–5505Publication Date (Web):June 12, 1996Publication History Received15 February 1996Published online12 June 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja960490ohttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja960490orapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views509Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Biopolymers,Electrodes,Hybridization,Hydrogels,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
Mosaic H5 Hemagglutinin Provides Broad Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses against Influenza Viruses (2016)

Influenza viruses infect up to one billion people around the globe each year and are responsible for 300,000 to 500,000 deaths annually. Vaccines are still the main intervention to prevent infection, but they fail to provide effective protection against heterologous strains of viruses. We developed broadly reactive H5N1 vaccine based on an in silico mosaic approach and previously demonstrated that modified vaccinia Ankara expressing an H5 mosaic hemagglutinin prevented infection with multiple clades of H5N1 and limited severe disease after H1N1 infection. Further characterization revealed that antibody responses and T cells are main contributors to protection against H5N1 and H1N1 viruses, respectively. The vaccine also broadens both T cell and B cell responses compared to native H5 vaccine from influenza virus A/Vietnam/1203/04. Finally, delivering the H5 mosaic as a DNA vaccine or as a purified protein demonstrated effective protection similar to the viral vector approach.
Effects of Intravitreal Erythropoietin Therapy for Patients With Chronic and Progressive Diabetic Macular Edema (2010)

This case series seems to show a short-term positive response to EPO for a specific group of patients with chronic diabetic macular edema who were unresponsive to currently available therapies.