gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Image Coding using Fractal Parameters of Contour Lines. (1994)

Pyramidal region segmentation can be used to classify the regions of an image into two categories : the regions "not having to preserve the waveform of image" are encoded only with fractal parameters, and the regions "having to preserve the waveform of image" are encoded using any waveform coding method [DCT, VQ, etc.]. And those blocks containing region contour lines can be classified into two categories according to the complexity of the shape of contour lines : the blocks with simple contours can be encoded using the same method used for encoding the regions "not having to preserve the waveform of image", and the blocks with complex contours can be encoded using waveform and fractal coding methods.
Putting humans in their proper place (2006)

Striedter's account of human brain evolution fails on two key counts. First, he confuses developmental constraints with selection explanations in the initial jump in hominid brain size around two MYA. Second, he misunderstands the Machiavellian Intelligence explanation.
Circulating Activated Endothelial Cells in Sickle Cell Anemia (1997)

Our studies suggest that the vascular endothelium is activated in patients with sickle cell anemia, regardless of the patients' clinical status. Adhesion proteins on activated endothelial cells may have a role in the vascular pathology of sickle cell disease.
Posttranslational Processing of the Thrombopoietin Receptor Is Impaired in Polycythemia Vera (1999)

Recently, we demonstrated a marked reduction in the expression of the thrombopoietin receptor, Mpl, in polycythemia vera (PV) platelets and megakaryocytes using an antiserum against the Mpl extracellular domain. To further examine this abnormality, we raised an antibody to the Mpl C-terminus. Immunologic analysis of PV platelets with this antiserum confirmed the reduction in Mpl expression. However, the C-terminal antiserum detected 2 forms of Mpl in PV platelets in contrast to normal platelets, in which a single form of Mpl was detected by both the extracellular domain and C-terminal antisera. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis studies with isoelectric focusing in the first dimension identified normal platelet Mpl as an 85 to 92 kD protein with an isoelectric point (pI) of 5.5. PV platelets contained an additional 80 to 82 kD Mpl Mpl isoform with a pI of 6.5. Analysis of Mpl expressed by the human megakaryocytic cell line, Dami, showed 2 isoforms similar to those found in PV platelets suggesting a precursor-product relationship. Digestion of Dami cell and normal platelet lysates with neuraminidase converted the more acidic Mpl isoform to the more basic one, indicating that the 2 isoforms differed with respect to posttranslational glycosylation. Furthermore, in contrast to normal platelet Mpl, PV platelet Mpl was susceptible to endoglycosidase H digestion, indicating defective Mpl processing by PV megakaryocytes. The glycosylation defect was specific for Mpl, as 2 other platelet membrane glycoproteins, glycoprotein IIb and multimerin, were processed normally. Importantly, the extent of the PV platelet Mpl glycosylation defect correlated with disease duration and extramedullary hematopoiesis.
A Study on Design of the Trip Computer for ECC System Based on Dynamic Safety System (2000)

The Emergency Core Cooling System in current nuclear power plants typically has a considerable number of complex functions and largely cumbersome operator interfaces. Functions for initiation, switch-over between various phases of operation, interlocks, monitoring, and alarming are usually performed by relays and analog comparator logic which are difficult to maintain and test. To improve problems of an analog based ECC (Emergency Core Cooling) System, the trip computer for ECCS based on Dynamic Safety System (DSS) is implemented. The DSS is a computer based reactor protection system that has fail-safe nature and performs a dynamic self-testing. The most important feature of the DSS is the introduction of test signal that send the system into a tripped state. The test signals are interleaved with the plant signals to produce an output which switches between a tripped and health state. The dynamic operation is a key feature of the failsafe design of the system. In this work, a possible implementation of the DSS using PLC is presented for a CANDU Reactor. ECC System of the CANDU Reactor is selected as the reference system.
Nanocarriers for Systemic and Mucosal Vaccine Delivery (2007)

Over the past several years, immunization and treatment of infectious diseases has undergone a paradigm shift. Stemming from the vaccine research and development, not only a large number of disease-specific vaccines have been developed, but also enormous efforts have been made to improve the effectiveness of vaccines in order to provide optimal immunization. Introduction of nanotechnology and the development of nanocarrier-based vaccines have started to receive a lot of attention in order to provide effective immunization through better targeting and by triggering antibody response at the cellular level. Also, in the past several years, attention is placed on routes of vaccine administration in order to induce both mucosal and systemic immunity against the pathogen. Through judicious selection of the nanocarrier systems and the vaccine antigen, an optimal immunization and protection can be induced. This review article focuses on the patented applications of nanocarrier-based vaccine formulations and delivery. We have examined the United States patent literature to select inventions that specifically address this strategic approach for prevention of infectious diseases.
Facial continuous positive airway pressure therapy for cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: a study to assess its efficacy in an emergency department setting within the UK (2001)

Recent studies outside the UK suggest that patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (CPO) may benefit from the application of facial continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) support in emergency departments. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the impact of facial CPAP on patients with CPO within a UK emergency department and to determine the sample size needed for a definitive randomised controlled study.
High expression of TROP2 correlates with poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer (2008)

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most devastating human malignancies. Despite considerable research efforts, it remains resistant to almost all available treatment regimens. The human trophoblast cell-surface antigen, TROP2, was found to be strongly expressed in a variety of human epithelial cancers, correlating with aggressiveness and poor prognosis. TROP2 antigen expression was investigated retrospectively by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded primary tumour tissue samples from a series (n=197) of consecutive patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Survival was calculated using Kaplan-Meier curves. Parameters found to be of prognostic significance in univariate analysis were verified in a multivariate Cox regression model. TROP2 overexpression was observed in 109 (55%) of 197 pancreatic cancer patients and was significantly associated with decreased overall survival (P<0.01). By univariate analysis, TROP2 overexpression was found to correlate with the presence of lymph node metastasis (P=0.04) and tumour grade (P=0.01). Furthermore, in the subgroup of patients treated surgically with curative intent, TROP2 overexpression significantly correlated with poor progression-free survival (P<0.01). Multivariate analyses revealed TROP2 to be an independent prognosticator. These findings suggest for the first time that TROP2 could be a novel prognostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer. Targeting TROP2 might be a useful treatment approach for patients with pancreatic cancer overexpressing this cell-surface marker.
Building a legacy for the future: creating an integrated health care system. (1994)

Local and national market forces of decreasing inpatient utilization and increasing costs paved the way for a major merger involving five hospitals and one home health agency in Portland, Oregon. The result: a health care delivery system that merged corporate cultures, eliminated duplicity, integrated medical and administrative staffs, realized cost containment savings, and effectively responded to market trends toward reform.
Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor–Induced Tissue Factor Expression in Endothelial Cells Is Mediated by EGR-1 (1999)

Vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) is a major regulator of angiogenesis. We report here that treatment of endothelial cells with VEGF leads to upregulation of tissue factor mRNA and protein expression on the cell surface. Reporter gene studies show that transcriptional activation of the tissue factor gene by VEGF is mediated by a GC-rich promoter element containing overlapping binding sites for Sp1 and EGR-1. As shown by immunofluorescence and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, upon VEGF treatment EGR-1 rapidly accumulates in the nucleus and binds to its respective recognition site in the tissue factor promoter. Sp1 occupies this element in unstimulated cells and seems to be partially displaced by increasing amounts of EGR-1. Transfection of endothelial cells with an EGR-1 expression plasmid mimics the upregulation of tissue factor transcription observed after VEGF treatment. In contrast, NFκB, the major transcription factor involved in tissue factor upregulation by inflammatory stimuli, is not activated by VEGF. These data show that VEGF induces a response in endothelial cells largely distinct from inflammatory stimuli, and suggest that EGR-1 is a major mediator of the activation of the tissue factor and possibly other VEGF-responsive genes.
Primary structure of the vesicular stomatitis virus polymerase (L) gene: evidence for a high frequency of mutations (1984)

A consensus sequence of the polymerase (L) gene of vesicular stomatitis virus, derived from three genomic cDNA copies, is presented. This analysis completes the primary structure of the vesicular stomatitis virus genome, totaling 11,162 bases. The L gene alone spans 6,380 nucleotides and codes for a basic 2,109-amino-acid protein with a molecular weight of 241,012. Sixteen point mutations were detected among cDNA clones prepared from viral RNA of the same strain, representing direct evidence for either the high mutability of vesicular stomatitis virus, the infidelity of reverse transcription during cDNA synthesis, or a combination of both. Some mutation, if present in the viral genome, would result in the translation of incomplete L proteins. For example, two out of four cDNA copies which covered the same region of the L gene had a single-base deletion in the exact same position, whereas the other two clones did not, strongly suggesting that a subpopulation of the genomic RNA may contain this lethal mutation. These lethal mutants define a new class of defective and most likely interfering particles which are indistinguishable in size from the parental virus and can be distinguished only by direct sequencing. We suggest that because of its infidelity, the viral polymerase itself introduces mutations and because of its size, most of these mutations are localized within the polymerase gene. In persistently infected cells in which the selective pressures on the polymerase are different, some of these L gene mutations may further erode the accuracy of the polymerase and thereby lead to the increased mutation rate that is characteristic of this type of infection.
Scaling of the objective function gradient for full wavefield inversion (2009)

Computation of the gradient in full wavefield inversion using the adjoint state method requires back‐propagation of the data residual. We show that if proper scaling of the gradient is desired, the data residual should be properly preprocessed before back‐propagation. We describe an approach that can be followed in order to obtain meaningful gradient amplitudes and illustrate its application for the cases of pressure and multi‐component (particle velocity) recordings in isotropic elastic media.
2019 annual data report (2020)

This annual report gives statistics on fire incidents, civilian injuries and deaths, fire service injuries and county information. Included is a list of fire departments throughout the state that have reported incidents to the National Fire Incident Reporting System.
Chemo-immunotherapy of advanced AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. (1999)

Combination of BL and VB is effective and well tolerated, even if new therapeutic options are developing. This disease remains a challenging problem, so larger studies using the combination of chemotherapy and/or IFN-alpha with antiretroviral treatment are warranted.
Roles of cell-autonomous mechanisms for differential expression of regionspecific transcription factors in neuroepithelial cells (1996)

Although a number of genes have been found to have restricted expression domains in the embryonic forebrain and midbrain, it remains largely unknown how the expression of these genes is regulated at the cellular level. In this study, we explored the mechanisms for the differential expression of region-specific transcription factors in neuroepithelial cells by using both primary and immortalized neuroepithelial cells from the rat brain at embryonic day 11.5. We found that differential expression patterns of Pax-3, Pax-5, Pax-6, Dlx-1, Dlx-2, Emx2, Otx1 and Dbx observed in vivo were maintained even when the cells were isolated and cultured in vitro, free from environmental influences. Furthermore, in response to Sonic hedgehog, which is a major inductive signal from the environment for regional specification, neuroepithelial cells that maintain distinct regional identities expressed different sets of ventral-specific genes including Islet-1, Nkx-2.1 and Nkx-2.2. These results suggest that certain cell-autonomous mechanisms play important roles in regulating both environmental signal-dependent and -independent expression of region-specific genes. Thus, we propose that use of the in vitro culture systems we describe in this study facilitates the understanding of regulatory mechanisms of region-specific genes in neuroepithelial cells.
HAMLET (human α‐lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells) triggers autophagic tumor cell death (2008)

HAMLET, a complex of partially unfolded alpha-lactalbumin and oleic acid, kills a wide range of tumor cells. Here we propose that HAMLET causes macroautophagy in tumor cells and that this contributes to their death. Cell death was accompanied by mitochondrial damage and a reduction in the level of active mTOR and HAMLET triggered extensive cytoplasmic vacuolization and the formation of double-membrane-enclosed vesicles typical of macroautophagy. In addition, HAMLET caused a change from uniform (LC3-I) to granular (LC3-II) staining in LC3-GFP-transfected cells reflecting LC3 translocation during macroautophagy, and this was blocked by the macroautophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine. HAMLET also caused accumulation of LC3-II detected by Western blot when lysosomal degradation was inhibited suggesting that HAMLET caused an increase in autophagic flux. To determine if macroautophagy contributed to cell death, we used RNA interference against Beclin-1 and Atg5. Suppression of Beclin-1 and Atg5 improved the survival of HAMLET-treated tumor cells and inhibited the increase in granular LC3-GFP staining. The results show that HAMLET triggers macroautophagy in tumor cells and suggest that macroautophagy contributes to HAMLET-induced tumor cell death.
Kinetics of Molecular Encapsulation of 1-Methylcyclopropene into α-Cyclodextrin (2007)

1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an ethylene inhibiting regulator, is commercially available in the form of an inclusion complex with alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CD). In this study, molecular encapsulation of gaseous 1-MCP into aqueous alpha-CD was investigated in a closed, agitated vessel with a flat gas-liquid interface. Molecular encapsulation of gaseous 1-MCP by alpha-CD is a simultaneous two-step reaction which involves the aqueous dissolution of gaseous 1-MCP and the encapsulation of the dissolved molecules by alpha-CD. The kinetics and mechanism of molecular encapsulation were analyzed based on the depletion rate of 1-MCP in the headspace of the vessel. The encapsulation rates could be explained quantitatively by the gas absorption theory with a pseudo-first-order reaction between 1-MCP and alpha-CD. The negative value of the calculated apparent activation energy of encapsulation (-24.4 kJ/mol) implied the significant effect of exothermic aqueous dissolution of 1-MCP. An encapsulation temperature of 15 degrees C was optimal; at this temperature, the highest 1-MCP yield and best inclusion ratio of inclusion complex were obtained. Changes in the X-ray diffraction pattern suggested that the crystal lattice structure of alpha-CD was altered upon inclusion of 1-MCP.
Vegetable oil‐based printing inks (1992)

Nearly 75 black and 25 colored inks consisting of 100% vegetable oil‐based vehicles were formulated. The physical properties of these inks met or exceeded the industry standards for lithographic and letterpress newsprint applications. In addition, elimination of petroleum‐based resin and reduced pigment usage, due to the light vehicle color, provided a competitively priced alternative to petroleumbased inks.
Hereditary Angioedema — Therapies Old and New (2010)

Hereditary angioedema is a rare syndrome characterized by episodic, nonpruritic, localized subcutaneous and submucosal swelling. Laryngeal edema can precipitate fatal respiratory obstruction. Nearly 50 years ago, Donaldson and Evans linked hereditary angioedema with a deficiency of the plasma inhibitor of the first component of complement, C1 inhibitor — a serine protease inhibitor that inactivates target proteases by means of irreversible binding.1 Its primary targets are the complement proteases C1r and C1s (for which it is the sole plasma inhibitor), the coagulation-system proteases factors XIa and XIIa, and the contact-system protease kallikrein (Figure 1). C1 inhibitor deficiency causes dysregulation in these . . .
Handheld ultrahigh speed swept source optical coherence tomography instrument using a MEMS scanning mirror (2013)

We developed an ultrahigh speed, handheld swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) ophthalmic instrument using a 2D MEMS mirror. A vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) operating at 1060 nm center wavelength yielded a 350 kHz axial scan rate and 10 µm axial resolution in tissue. The long coherence length of the VCSEL enabled a 3.08 mm imaging range with minimal sensitivity roll-off in tissue. Two different designs with identical optical components were tested to evaluate handheld OCT ergonomics. An iris camera aided in alignment of the OCT beam through the pupil and a manual fixation light selected the imaging region on the retina. Volumetric and high definition scans were obtained from 5 undilated normal subjects. Volumetric OCT data was acquired by scanning the 2.4 mm diameter 2D MEMS mirror sinusoidally in the fast direction and linearly in the orthogonal slow direction. A second volumetric sinusoidal scan was obtained in the orthogonal direction and the two volumes were processed with a software algorithm to generate a merged motion-corrected volume. Motion-corrected standard 6 x 6 mm(2) and wide field 10 x 10 mm(2) volumetric OCT data were generated using two volumetric scans, each obtained in 1.4 seconds. High definition 10 mm and 6 mm B-scans were obtained by averaging and registering 25 B-scans obtained over the same position in 0.57 seconds. One of the advantages of volumetric OCT data is the generation of en face OCT images with arbitrary cross sectional B-scans registered to fundus features. This technology should enable screening applications to identify early retinal disease, before irreversible vision impairment or loss occurs. Handheld OCT technology also promises to enable applications in a wide range of settings outside of the traditional ophthalmology or optometry clinics including pediatrics, intraoperative, primary care, developing countries, and military medicine.
Pulsed Laser Activated Cell Sorting with Three Dimensional Sheathless Inertial Focusing (2014)

A pulsed laser activated cell sorter (PLACS) integrated with 3D sheathless inertial focusing sorts cells with high purity at high-throughput using a single layer PDMS channel that can be easily fabricated at low cost. Sort purity of >90% is achieved at a throughput of 10 000 particles s−1 without severe dilution effects from high volume sheath flows. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Self-Assembled Gold Nanoparticle/Dendrimer Composite Films for Vapor Sensing Applications (2002)

Vapor-sensitive thin-film resistors comprising gold nanoparticles and different types of organic dendrimers (polyphenylene, poly(propylene imine) and poly(amidoamine)) were prepared via layer-by-layer self-assembly and characterized by UV/vis spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and conductivity measurements. While the metal nanoparticles were utilized to provide the film material with electric conductivity, the dendrimers served to cross-link the nanoparticles and to provide sites for the selective sorption of analyte molecules. Dosing the films with vapors of toluene, 1-propanol, and water significantly increased the film resistances. The chemical selectivity of this response was controlled by the solubility properties of the dendrimers.
A modified belief propagation algorithm for code word quantization (2009)

Modern coding advances, including dirty paper coding and information hiding, require quantizing a given binary word to a code word. A 'good' solution would approach the rate-distortion bound in lossy source compression. Here we propose a simple variant on belief propagation which is observed to converge to a solution giving respectable rate-distortion performance. Comparisons with other recently proposed source quantization methods reveal that the proposed algorithm holds particular interest in short block-length applications, as encountered in packet-based communication systems.
Galectin-9 in Cancer Therapy (2013)

Galectin-9 is a tandem-repeat type galectin with two carbohydrate-recognition domains, and it was first identified as an eosinophil chemoattractant and activation factor. Subsequent studies revealed that galectin-9, similar to other galectins, modulates a variety of biological functions including cell aggregation and adhesion, as well as apoptosis of tumor cells. Galectin-9 has recently been shown to have an anti-proliferative effect on cancer cells. Recent studies have uncovered additional mechanisms by which T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (Tim-3), a receptor for galectin-9, negatively regulates T cell responses by promoting CD8+ T cell exhaustion and inducing expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. These mechanisms are involved in tumor growth and escape from immunity. In many solid cancers, the loss of galectin-9 expression is closely associated with metastatic progression, and treatment with recombinant galectin-9 prevents metastatic spread in various preclinical cancer models. Here, we review the biology and physiological role of galectin-9, and discuss the therapeutic potential of galectin-9 in cancer as well as relevant patents.