gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PRECISION AIRCRAFT GPS POSITIONING USING CORS (2002)

For mapping applications that require the highest positioning accuracy possible, a series of Global Positioning System (GPS) base stations must be deployed. This can often be very difficult, especially in inaccessible regions or where the cost of laying out base stations at regular intervals is prohibitive. This article reports on the accuracy that can be obtained by using the Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) of National Geodetic Survey as base stations for airborne GPS positioning. These stations could possibly be used to supplement, back up or even replace the base stations usually deployed for a given project. CORS is a network of over 250 sites containing geodetic quality GPS receivers. Two mapping projects were used to assess the quality, reliability, repeatability and feasibility of using the CORS in airborne mapping missions. In both projects, the CORS in the proximity of the mapping area along with the airborne GPS data were used to analyze the accuracy achieved when using the multiple-base approach. Results show that using CORS for airborne GPS positioning offers great potential for the United States.
A meta-analysis of surveys into vibration annoyance from railway (2013)

The EU-project CargoVibes aims to describe the expected annoyance due to vibration among residents living near (freight) railway lines. Compared to the state of knowledge on the annoyance response to noise, relatively little is known about the relationship between vibration exposure and annoyance. Existing evaluation criteria in use are not consistent and not always based on relevant surveys. Although in several countries surveys were done on railway-induced vibration, the results are not readily comparable due to the use of different exposure metrics. In the present study, a meta-analysis was done on all available exposure-response datasets from railway vibration surveys, eight in total including two new surveys. A statistical method taking into account the multilevel structure of the sample was used, and a conversion matrix was developed that allows to convert different vibration metrics into each other. Despite differentiation in the annoyance response between studies, partly explained by source of vibration, an exposure-response relationship could be derived, showing the expected percentage ofresidents annoyed or highly annoyed at a given vibration level. This exposure-response relationship may form the basis of criteria for the evaluation of adverse eflects of railway vibration.
Microarray analysis of erythromycin resistance determinants (2003)

Our results suggest that microarray-based detection of microbial antibiotic resistance genes might be a useful tool for identifying antibiotic resistance determinants in a wide range of bacterial strains, given the high homology among microbial MLS resistance genes.
Interleukin-33 Prevents Apoptosis and Improves Survival After Experimental Myocardial Infarction Through ST2 Signaling (2009)

IL-33 prevents cardiomyocyte apoptosis and improves cardiac function and survival after MI through ST2 signaling.
Consistent blind synchronization of OFDM transmissions using null sub-carriers with distinct spacings (2002)

The ability of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems to mitigate frequency-selective channels is impaired by the presence of carrier frequency offsets (CFO). We investigate identifiability issues involving high-resolution techniques that have been proposed for blind CFO estimation based on null subcarriers. We also propose new approaches that do not suffer from the lack of identifiability problems and channel-dependent performance.
Using portfolios to evaluate service courses as part of an engineering writing program (1999)

Assessing the efficacy of technical communication service courses is a complex task, yet it is a task that service course providers should embrace as an opportunity to learn more about student and faculty needs and to update and improve curricula. This assessment has become more immediate for many educators because of ABET 2000 (Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology), a comprehensive revamping of the way engineering programs are accredited. ABET 2000 criteria require that engineering programs provide evidence of the efficacy of all instruction, including communication. When the new ABET criteria were released, we had already begun a comprehensive evaluation of not only our service courses but also the total writing experience of engineering students at the University of Washington. This paper gives a theoretical rationale for a portfolio evaluation project and describes a directly applicable structure and procedure for such a project.
Kernel approaches for genic interaction extraction (2007)

The used algorithms are free for use for academic research and are available from our Web site http://mllab.sogang.ac.kr/ approximately shkim/LLL05.tar.gz.
<title>Separation of multiple specular components using new spectral estimation schemes</title> (1996)

The problem of estimating multiple time delays in the presence of colored noise is considered in this paper. This problem is first converted to a frequency estimation problem by using the discrete Fourier transform. Then, sample lagged covariance matrices of the resulting signal are computed and studied in terms of their eigen-structure. These matrices are shown to be effective in extracting bases for the signal and noise subspace. MUSIC and Pencil-based frequency estimators are then derived using these subspaces. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated on simulated backscatter which involves estimation of multiple specular components of the acoustic backscattered return from an underwater target.
Maximal Electrogram Attenuation Recorded from Mini Electrodes Embedded on 4.5‐mm Irrigated and 8‐mm Nonirrigated Catheters Signifies Lesion Maturation (2014)

Titration of the RF application time to the maximal EGM attenuation based on the ME recordings represents atrial lesion maturation and deep ventricular lesions. Prolonging the RF application results in greater extracardiac injury and char formation without increasing lesion size.
Safety and Immunogenicity of DNA/Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Malaria Vaccination in African Adults (2003)

The present study is an investigation of the safety and immunogenicity of DNA and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) candidate vaccines, each encoding the malaria DNA sequence multiple epitope-thrombospondin related adhesion protein (ME-TRAP), against Plasmodium falciparum. DNA ME-TRAP and MVA ME-TRAP are safe and immunogenic for effector and memory T cell induction. MVA ME-TRAP, with or without prior DNA ME-TRAP immunization, was more immunogenic and more cross-reactive in malaria-exposed individuals than in malaria-naive individuals, a finding suggesting that recombinant MVA vaccines are particularly promising for the development of a malaria vaccine for exposed populations. Both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were induced by these vaccines.
Endotoxin induction of murine metallothionein gene expression. (1990)

Bacterial endotoxin-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) rapidly induced hepatic metallothionein (MT) mRNA levels in the LPS-sensitive CD-1 strain of mice. This LPS effect was severely attenuated in the LPS-resistant C3H/HeJ strain of mice, but could be mimicked by injection of human recombinant interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) or human recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha). In the CD-1 strain, LPS induction of MT gene expression occurred in each of 10 organs examined (liver, kidney, pancreas, intestine, lung, heart, brain, ovary, uterus, and spleen). Solution hybridization with probes specific for MT-I or MT-II mRNA established that these genes were co-induced in each of the organs and that the liver and kidney contained the highest absolute levels of these mRNAs, whereas in the intestine and spleen they were 10-20-fold lower. LPS and cytokine induction of hepatic MT gene expression occurred in hypophysectomized mice, which suggests a lack of significant involvement of glucocorticoids. Several recombinant cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), as well as poly(rI.rC) were effective inducers of hepatic MT-I and MT-II genes. As an attempt to determine which of these cytokines may mediate LPS effects on MT gene expression in vivo, CD-1 mice were injected with LPS or various cytokines, and RNA from liver, ovary, and uterus was extracted at various times postinjection and analyzed by Northern blotting using probes specific for IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and MT mRNA. In each organ examined, LPS, IL-1 alpha, or IL-1 beta injection caused a rapid, coordinate, transient increase in the levels of each of the cytokine mRNAs which peaked by 1 h and declined to low levels by 4 h. In contrast, levels of MT mRNA did not reach a peak until 4-6 h postinjection. TNF-alpha had minimal effects on expression of cytokine and MT genes in organs other than liver. IL-6 had no effect on hepatic cytokine mRNA levels, and induced MT mRNA only in the liver which suggests a direct effect of IL-6 on hepatic MT gene expression. These data suggest that the acute effects of LPS on MT gene expression may include complex paracrine interactions between a variety of cytokines and the cells expressing MT genes in each organ, and tissue-specific cytokine effects on the MT genes.
Study of the electronic control strategy for the power train of hybrid electric vehicle (2003)

In this paper, the configuration of a parallel hybrid vehicle is introduced. Several operation modes of the engine and electric motor and different control strategies are analyzed. The results show that, with proper control strategies and selection of the drive-train parameters, the vehicle can satisfy the urban and highway driving with a small internal combustion engine, a small battery pack and a single gear transmission. Moreover, the vehicle does not need to charge the battery from the electricity network for keeping its battery SOC at a reasonable level.
Regulation of glucose transporters and hexose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes: glucagon-like peptide-1 and insulin interactions (1997)

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36 amide) (GLP-1) is known to increase insulin release when given as a bolus in the fasted and fed state. GLP-1 also increases glucose uptake and lipid synthesis in cultured adipocytes. In this study we investigated the effects of GLP-1 on glucose uptake and on the levels of expression of the facilitative glucose transporters, GLUT1 and GLUT4, in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Cells were incubated with GLP-1 (10 nM) with or without insulin (10 and 100 nM) for 24 h. Under these conditions, GLP-1 alone caused an increase in basal and acute insulin-stimulated glucose uptake along with an increase in GLUT1 and GLUT4 protein levels. However, there was no change in the expression of GLUT1 and GLUT4 mRNAs. In the absence of GLP-1, prolonged exposure to insulin caused a marked reduction in the levels of GLUT4 mRNA and protein, and an inhibition of glucose uptake after an acute exposure to insulin. This insulin-induced down-regulation of GLUT4 was prevented when GLP-1 was present during the 24-h treatment. In contrast, the acute insulin-stimulated glucose uptake could not be restored by GLP-1. GLP-1 is therefore the first gut hormone shown to be capable of modulating glucose transporter levels in cultured adipocytes.
Expression of Oncogenic Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family Kinases Induces Paclitaxel Resistance and Alters β-Tubulin Isotype Expression (2000)

Oncogenic transformation confers resistance to chemotherapy through a variety of mechanisms, including suppression of apoptosis, increased drug metabolism, and modification of target proteins. Oncogenic epidermal growth factor receptor family members, including EGFRvIII and HER2, are expressed in a broad spectrum of human malignancies. Cell lines transfected with EGFRvIII and HER2 are more resistant to paclitaxel-mediated cytotoxicity, and tubulin polymerization induced by paclitaxel is suppressed compared with cells expressing wild type epidermal growth factor receptor. Because differential expression of beta-tubulin isotypes has been proposed to modulate paclitaxel resistance, we analyzed beta-tubulin isotypes expressed in cell lines transfected with different oncogenes. EGFRvIII- and HER2-expressing cells demonstrated equivalent total beta-tubulin protein compared with cells transfected with wild type receptor or untransfected controls. EGFRvIII-expressing cells demonstrated increases in class IVa (2.5-fold) and IVb (3.1-fold) mRNA, and HER2-expressing cells showed increases in class IVa (2. 95-fold) mRNA. Expression of oncogenic Ha-Ras did not change class IV RNA levels significantly. Inhibition of EGFRvIII kinase activity using a mutant allele with an inactivating mutation in the kinase domain decreased expression of class IVa by 50% and partially reversed resistance to paclitaxel. Expression of oncogenic epidermal growth factor receptor family members is associated with modulation of both beta-tubulin isotype expression and paclitaxel resistance in cells transformed by expression of the receptor. This effect on tubulin expression may modulate drug resistance in human malignancies that express these oncogenes.
Antibody response to human immunodeficiency virus in homosexual men. Relation of antibody specificity, titer, and isotype to clinical status, severity of immunodeficiency, and disease progression. (1987)

The titers and isotypes of antibodies to specific proteins of the human immunodeficiency virus were determined by Western blot analysis of sera from 107 homosexual men. Antibody titers were generally lower in sera from patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and in sera from men whose condition subsequently progressed to AIDS than in sera from men who had not progressed to AIDS. We found no evidence of isotypic prominence or restriction of the antibody response. In multivariate analysis, lower levels of CD4 helper cells were most highly associated with progression to AIDS. Lower antibody titers to the envelope protein gp110, the core protein p24, and the reverse transcriptase enzyme p51/65 were also predictive of progression to AIDS independent of their association with CD4 cell levels. These data suggest that differences in antibody levels are not simply a consequence of severe immunodeficiency but may be markers for control of infection.
Datasets meta-feature description for recommending feature selection algorithm (2015)

Meta-learning is an approach for solving the algorithm selection problem, which is how to choose the best algorithm for a certain task. This task corresponds to a dataset in machine learning and data mining. The main challenge in meta-learning is to engineer a meta-feature description for datasets. In the paper we apply meta-learning for feature selection. We found a meta-feature set which showed the best result in predicting proper feature selection algorithms. We also suggested a novel approach to engineer meta-features for data preprocessing algorithms, which is based on estimating the best parametrization of processing algorithms on small subsamples.
One-step inactivation of chromosomal genes in Escherichia coli K-12 using PCR products (2000)

We have developed a simple and highly efficient method to disrupt chromosomal genes in Escherichia coli in which PCR primers provide the homology to the targeted gene(s). In this procedure, recombination requires the phage lambda Red recombinase, which is synthesized under the control of an inducible promoter on an easily curable, low copy number plasmid. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, we generated PCR products by using primers with 36- to 50-nt extensions that are homologous to regions adjacent to the gene to be inactivated and template plasmids carrying antibiotic resistance genes that are flanked by FRT (FLP recognition target) sites. By using the respective PCR products, we made 13 different disruptions of chromosomal genes. Mutants of the arcB, cyaA, lacZYA, ompR-envZ, phnR, pstB, pstCA, pstS, pstSCAB-phoU, recA, and torSTRCAD genes or operons were isolated as antibiotic-resistant colonies after the introduction into bacteria carrying a Red expression plasmid of synthetic (PCR-generated) DNA. The resistance genes were then eliminated by using a helper plasmid encoding the FLP recombinase which is also easily curable. This procedure should be widely useful, especially in genome analysis of E. coli and other bacteria because the procedure can be done in wild-type cells.
Schemes for error resilient streaming of perceptually coded audio (2003)

This paper presents novel extensions to our earlier system for streaming perceptually coded audio over error prone channels such as mobile IP. To improve error robustness while maintaining bandwidth efficiency, the new extensions combine the strength of an error resilient coding scheme in the sender, prioritized packet transport scheme in the network and a compressed domain error concealment strategy in the terminal. Different concealment methods are used for each part of the coded audio data according to their perceptual importance and statistical characteristics. In our current implementation, we employed MPEG-2 advanced audio coding (AAC) encoded bitstreams and an RTP/UDP-based test system for performance evaluation. Simulation results have shown that our improved streaming system is more robust against packet losses in comparison with conventional methods.
On the combination of multi-layer source coding and network coding for wireless networks (2013)

This paper introduces a mutually beneficial interplay between network coding and scalable video source coding in order to propose an energy-efficient video streaming approach accommodating multiple heterogeneous receivers, for which current solutions are either inefficient or insufficient. State of the art in media streaming typically acknowledges network and source coding being complementary. Despite this, these research topics are treated separately. By cultivating advantageous behaviour and features in the network and source coding structures a correlation between coding complexity and channel quality is developed. A linear coding structure designed to gracefully encapsulate layered source coding provides both low complexity of the utilised linear coding while enabling robust erasure correction in the form of fountain coding capabilities. The proposed linear coding structure advocates efficient support of multi-resolution video streaming.
Two W‐containing formate dehydrogenases (CO2‐reductases) involved in syntrophic propionate oxidation by Syntrophobacter fumaroxidans (2003)

Two formate dehydrogenases (CO2-reductases) (FDH-1 and FDH-2) were isolated from the syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacterium Syntrophobacter fumaroxidans. Both enzymes were produced in axenic fumarate-grown cells as well as in cells which were grown syntrophically on propionate with Methanospirillum hungatei as the H2 and formate scavenger. The purified enzymes exhibited extremely high formate-oxidation and CO2-reduction rates, and low Km values for formate. For the enzyme designated FDH-1, a specific formate oxidation rate of 700 U.mg-1 and a Km for formate of 0.04 mm were measured when benzyl viologen was used as an artificial electron acceptor. The enzyme designated FDH-2 oxidized formate with a specific activity of 2700 U.mg-1 and a Km of 0.01 mm for formate with benzyl viologen as electron acceptor. The specific CO2-reduction (to formate) rates measured for FDH-1 and FDH-2, using dithionite-reduced methyl viologen as the electron donor, were 900 U.mg-1 and 89 U.mg-1, respectively. From gel filtration and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis it was concluded that FDH-1 is composed of three subunits (89 +/- 3, 56 +/- 2 and 19 +/- 1 kDa) and has a native molecular mass of approximately 350 kDa. FDH-2 appeared to be a heterodimer composed of a 92 +/- 3 kDa and a 33 +/- 2 kDa subunit. Both enzymes contained tungsten and selenium, while molybdenum was not detected. EPR spectroscopy suggested that FDH-1 contains at least four [2Fe-2S] clusters per molecule and additionally paramagnetically coupled [4Fe-4S] clusters. FDH-2 contains at least two [4Fe-4S] clusters per molecule. As both enzymes are produced under all growth conditions tested, but with differences in levels, expression may depend on unknown parameters.
Antiinflammatory Effects of Amniotic Membrane Transplantation in Ocular Surface Disorders (2001)

Amniotic membrane attracts and traps inflammatory cells infiltrating the ocular surface, which may explain some of the antiinflammatory properties of the fetal tissue.
Characterization of Human Cellular Immune Responses to NovelMycobacterium tuberculosisAntigens Encoded by Genomic Regions Absent inMycobacterium bovisBCG (2008)

Comparative genomics has identified several regions of differences (RDs) between the infectious Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the vaccine strains of Mycobacterium bovis BCG. We aimed to evaluate the cellular immune responses induced by antigens encoded by genes predicted in 11 RDs. Synthetic peptides covering the sequences of RD1, RD4 to RD7, RD9 to RD13, and RD15 were tested for antigen-induced proliferation and secretion of Th1 cytokine, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from culture-proven pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients and M. bovis BCG-vaccinated healthy subjects. Among the peptide pools, RD1 induced the best responses in both donor groups and in both assays. In addition, testing of TB patients' PBMC for secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha], interleukin 6 [IL-6], IL-8, and IL-1beta), Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-2, and TNF-beta), and Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10) showed differential effects of RD peptides in the secretion of IFN-gamma and IL-10, with high IFN-gamma/IL-10 ratios (32 to 5.0) in response to RD1, RD5, RD7, RD9, and RD10 and low IFN-gamma/IL-10 ratios (<1.0) in response to RD12, RD13, and RD15. Peptide-mixing experiments with PBMC from healthy subjects showed that secretion of large quantities of IL-10 in response to RD12 and RD13 correlated with inhibition of Th1 responses induced by RD1 peptides. In conclusion, our results suggest that M. tuberculosis RDs can be divided into two major groups--one group that activates PBMC to preferentially secrete IFN-gamma and another group that activates preferential secretion of IL-10--and that these two groups of RDs may have roles in protection against and pathogenesis of TB, respectively.