gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Methods in Yeast Genetics: A Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Course Manual (1994)

Methods in Yeast Genetics. A Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Course Manual. Amberg, D.C., Burke, D.J., Strathern, J. 2005 ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. All Cancer Cell/Mol Bio 'Omics Neuro Genetics Immun/Infect. Courses & Workshops. Course Name, Course Dates, Applications. Drosophila Yeast Genetics & Genomics. Tue Jul 21 X-Ray Methods in Structural Biology. Mon Oct 12. Burke D, Dawson D, Stearns T (2000) Methods in Yeast Genetics: A Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Course Manual: CSHL Press. 54. Morano KA, Klionsky DJ.
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF, CCN2) gene regulation: a potent clinical bio‐marker of fibroproliferative disease? (2009)

The CCN (cyr61, ctgf, nov) family of modular proteins regulate diverse biological affects including cell adhesion, matrix production, tissue remodelling, proliferation and differentiation. Recent targeted gene disruption studies have demonstrated the CCN family to be developmentally essential for chondrogenesis, osteogenesis and angiogenesis. CCN2 is induced by agents such as angiotensin II, endothelin-1, glucocorticoids, HGF, TGFbeta, and VEGF, and by hypoxia and biomechanical and shear stress. Dysregulated expression of CCN2 has also been widely documented in many fibroproliferative diseases. This mini-review will focus on CCN2, and the recent progress in understanding CCN2 gene regulation in health and disease. That CCN2 should be considered a novel and informative surrogate clinical bio-marker for fibroproliferative disease is discussed.
Fungicidal effect of bacteriocins harvested from Bacillus spp. (2013)

Aims: This study investigated the ability of bacteriocins isolated from Bacillus spp. (Bacillus species) to inhibit four different yeast isolates obtained from common food products (nono, yoghurt, ogi and cheese) commonly consumed by Nigerians with minimal heat treatment. Methodology and results: Forty-five Bacillus spp. was isolated and identified from common food products using cultural, morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. These isolates were tested for antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enteritidis (3), Micrococcus luteus (1) and Staphylococcus aureus (2). Eight bacteriocin producing strains were identified from an over-night broth culture centrifugated at 3500 revolutions for five minutes. Fungicidal effects of these bacteriocins were tested against four yeast strains using the Agar Well Diffusion method. The bacteriocins produced wide zones of inhibition ranging from 5.90.000 to 24.000.000 mm against the 4 yeast strains tested. There was a significant difference (at p<0.05) between the yeast organisms and the bacteriocins from the Bacillus spp.
Electrical properties and uniformity of two dimensional electron gases grown on cleaned SiGe virtual substrates (1998)

The low temperature electrical properties of modulation-doped two dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) in the SiGe system were studied. The effects on the electrical properties of removing the substrate from the growth chamber after the growth of the virtual substrate, chemically cleaning the virtual substrate, and then growing the modulation-doped structure on a thin SiGe buffer were investigated. The results demonstrate that the carrier density and mobility decrease as the regrowth interface is moved closer to the 2DEG. The uniformity of the regrown wafers was also investigated. A monotonic increase in carrier density and a decrease in mobility were observed towards the edge of the wafers. Appropriate mechanisms will be discussed.
A Chromosome 14q11/TCRα/δ Specific Yeast Artificial Chromosome Improves the Detection Rate and Characterization of Chromosome Abnormalities in T-Lymphoproliferative Disorders (1997)

The rate of detection of chromosome abnormalities in T-cell proliferations is lower than that observed in B-cell malignancies. The former frequently involve the TCRα/δ locus at chromosome band 14q11. We have identified a YAC encompassing 70% of the TCRα/δ locus, which has been used as a fluorescence in situ hybridization probe to detect chromosome rearrangements involving 14q11, both at metaphase and within interphase nuclei, in patients with a variety of T-lymphoproliferative disorders. Its use allowed detection of previously unsuspected TCRα/δ rearrangements in 4/13 (30%) immature T-lineage acute leukemias, including two t(10; 14) and 2 minor inversion 14s. It also clarified interpretation of complex chromosome 14 abnormalities in mature T-cell proliferations (T-prolymphocytic leukemia and ataxia telangiectasia). Use of this probe will aid the detection and characterization of abnormalities involving the TCRα/δ locus, particularly in cases with normal or complex karyotypes and in those proliferations for which mitoses are difficult to obtain.
Plasma biomarker for detection of early stage pancreatic cancer and risk factors for pancreatic malignancy using antibodies for apolipoprotein-AII isoforms (2015)

We recently reported that circulating apolipoprotein AII (apoAII) isoforms apoAII-ATQ/AT (C-terminal truncations of the apoAII homo-dimer) decline significantly in pancreatic cancer and thus might serve as plasma biomarkers for the early detection of this disease. We report here the development of novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for measurement of apoAII-ATQ/AT and their clinical applicability for early detection of pancreatic cancer. Plasma and serum concentrations of apoAII-ATQ/AT were measured in three independent cohorts, which comprised healthy control subjects and patients with pancreatic cancer and gastroenterologic diseases (n = 1156). These cohorts included 151 cases of stage I/II pancreatic cancer. ApoAII-ATQ/AT not only distinguished the early stages of pancreatic cancer from healthy controls but also identified patients at high risk for pancreatic malignancy. AUC values of apoAII-ATQ/AT to detect early stage pancreatic cancer were higher than those of CA19-9 in all independent cohorts. ApoAII-ATQ/AT is a potential biomarker for screening patients for the early stage of pancreatic cancer and identifying patients at risk for pancreatic malignancy (161 words).
Overview (2001)

This issue of Child Psychology and Psychiatry Review is devoted to consideration of the new Needs Assessment Framework for children and families who are the concern of Social Services Departments, the new Youth Justice Assessment for children and young people who break the law, and the processes for the assessment of special educational needs. The new frameworks provide different professional approaches to children and should have a significant impact on the work of all professionals involved with children and families. In many cases the processes of all three areas should overlap and be integrated.
Modifications of Hyaluronan Influence the Interaction with Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4 (hBMP-4) (2009)

In this study, we have demonstrated that the modification of hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid; Hya) with sulfate groups led to different binding affinities for recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-4 (rhBMP-4). The high-sulfated sHya2.8 (average degree of sulfation (D.S.) 2.8) exhibited the tightest interaction with rhBMP-4, followed by the low-sulfated sHya1.0, as determined with surface plasmon resonance (SPR), ELISA, and competition ELISA. Unmodified Hya, chondroitin-sulfate (CS), and heparan sulfate (HS) showed significantly less binding affinity. SPR data could be fitted to an A + B = AB Langmuir model and binding constants were evaluated ranging from 13 pM to 5.45 microM. The interaction characteristics of the differentially sulfated Hyas are promising for the incorporation of these modified polysaccharides in bioengineered coatings of biomaterials for medical applications.
An arginine to lysine substitution in the bZIP domain of an opaque-2 mutant in maize abolishes specific DNA binding. (1991)

The opaque-2 (o2) locus in maize encodes a transcription factor involved in the regulation of zein storage proteins. We have shown previously that the O2 protein contains a leucine zipper domain that binds to promoters of 22-kD zein genes. In this paper we characterize an EMS-induced o2 allele, o2-676, that causes a 50% reduction in zein. We have found that the o2-676 mutant protein does not show specific recognition of zein promoter fragments because of the substitution of a lysine residue for an arginine residue within the bZIP domain of o2-676. This particular arginine is conserved within the bZIP domains of all mammalian, fungal, and plant DNA binding proteins of this class. The correlation between this mutation in o2 and the altered pattern of zein expression strongly suggests that O2 regulates transcription of certain members of the zein multigene family through direct interaction with the zein promoters and not through the transcriptional activation of some other regulator of zein gene expression.
In-Depth Mutational Analysis of the Promyelocytic Leukemia Zinc Finger BTB/POZ Domain Reveals Motifs and Residues Required for Biological and Transcriptional Functions (2000)

The promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) protein is a transcription factor disrupted in patients with t(11;17)(q23;q21)-associated acute promyelocytic leukemia. PLZF contains an N-terminal BTB/POZ domain which is required for dimerization, transcriptional repression, formation of high-molecular-weight DNA-protein complexes, nuclear sublocalization, and growth suppression. X-ray crystallographic data show that the PLZF BTB/POZ domain forms an obligate homodimer via an extensive interface. In addition, the dimer possesses several highly conserved features, including a charged pocket, a hydrophobic monomer core, an exposed hydrophobic surface on the floor of the dimer, and two negatively charged surface patches. To determine the role of these structures, mutational analysis of the BTB/POZ domain was performed. We found that point mutations in conserved residues that disrupt the dimer interface or the monomer core result in a misfolded nonfunctional protein. Mutation of key residues from the exposed hydrophobic surface suggests that these are also important for the stability of PLZF complexes. The integrity of the charged-pocket region was crucial for proper folding of the BTB/POZ domain. In addition, the pocket was critical for the ability of the BTB/POZ domain to repress transcription. Alteration of charged-pocket residue arginine 49 to a glutamine (mutant R49Q) yields a domain that can still dimerize but activates rather than represses transcription. In the context of full-length PLZF, a properly folded BTB/POZ domain was required for all PLZF functions. However, PLZF with the single pocket mutation R49Q repressed transcription, while the double mutant D35N/R49Q could not, despite its ability to dimerize. These results indicate that PLZF requires the BTB/POZ domain for dimerization and the charged pocket for transcriptional repression.
Clinical Effects of Prostaglandins in Renal Disease (1984)

Although prostaglandins do not appear to be critical to the functioning of normal kidneys, it has become quite clear that their local actions are essential when renal function is marginal or more severely compromised. Since most anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, they can tip the balance toward renal failure.
Demodex musculi Infestation in Genetically Immunomodulated Mice. (2016)

Demodex musculi, a prostigmatid mite that has been reported infrequently in laboratory mice, has been identified with increasing frequency in contemporary colonies of immunodeficient mice. Here we describe 2 episodes of D. musculi infestation with associated clinical signs in various genetically engineered mouse strains, as well as treatment strategies and an investigation into transmissibility and host susceptibility. The first case involved D. musculi associated with clinical signs and pathologic lesions in BALB/c-Tg(DO11.10)Il13(tm) mice, which have a defect in type 2 helper T cell (Th2) immunity. Subsequent investigation revealed mite transmission to both parental strains (BALB/c-Tg[DO11.10] and BALB/c-Il13(tm)), BALB/c-Il13/Il4(tm), and wild-type BALB/c. All Tg(DO11.10)Il13(tm) mice remained infested throughout the investigation, and D. musculi were recovered from all strains when they were cohoused with BALB/c-Tg(DO11.10)Il13(tm) index mice. However, only Il13(tm) and Il13/Il4(tm) mice demonstrated persistent infestation after index mice were removed. Only BALB/c-Tg(DO11.10)Il13(tm) showed clinical signs, suggesting that the phenotypic dysfunction of Th2 immunity is sufficient for persistent infestation, whereas clinical disease associated with D. musculi appears to be genotype-specific. This pattern was further exemplified in the second case, which involved NOD.Cg-Prkdc(scid)Il2r(tm1Wjl)/SzJ (NSG) and C;129S4 Rag2(tm1.1Flv) Il2rg(tm1.1Flv)/J mice with varying degrees of blepharitis, conjunctivitis, and facial pruritis. Topical amitraz decreased mite burden but did not eliminate infestation or markedly ameliorate clinical signs. Furthermore, mite burden began to increase by 1 mo posttreatment, suggesting that topical amitraz is an ineffective treatment for D. musculi. These experiences illustrate the need for vigilance regarding opportunistic and uncommon pathogens in rodent colonies, especially among mice with immunologic deficits.
Simulation of CO2 removal from ethane with Sulfinol-M+AMP solvent instead of DEA solvent in the South Pars phases 9 and 10 gas processing facility (2018)

Raw gas gathered from well production has to be treated to extract its ethane, to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from it and to dry it, so that the send-out ethane gas complies with transport constraints and meets sales-gas specifications. Two distinct families of solvents are used generically for such gas treatment: chemical and physical solvents. The South Pars gas field development phases 9 and 10 feeds gas and natural gas liquids into a processing and fractionation plant (one of the largest gas processing plants in Iran), and is associated with concentrations of 5.37% mole CO2 in the raw gas produced. Furthermore, there are potential problems associated with the CO2 treatment, such as the high-energy requirements for amine solvent regeneration, corrosion caused by aqueous amine solvents and waste/losses (solubility, vaporization) of the solvent used to remove CO2 in the ethane treatment unit. A feasibility simulation study was conducted to evaluate the utilization of Sulfinol-M + AMP solvent (Sulfolane plus Methyl di-ethanol amine plus 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) plus H2O) to replace the aqueous amine solvent (DEA) currently used in the ethane treatment unit of South Pars phases 9 and 10 gas processing plant. The simulation of the Sulfinol-M + AMP process demonstrates less energy consumption (11241.242 kw versus 11290.398 kw for DEA), negligible corrosion and lower losses of solvent (376.493 kg/h versus 409.2421 kg/h) relative to alternative solvents considered, because of its low vapor pressure.
Cholesterol determination in high-density lipoproteins separated by three different methods. (1977)

We describe a simplified method for measuring high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum after very-low- and low-density lipoproteins have been precipitated from the specimen with sodium phosphotungstate and Mg2+. Values so obtained correlate well with values obtained with the heparin-Mn2+ precipitation technique (r = 0.95, CV less than 5% in 66% of the subjects studied and between 5 and 10% in the remaining ones) or by ultracentrifugal separation (r = 0.82, CV less than 5% in 80% of the subjects studied and between 5 and 10% in the remaining ones). Our precipitation technique is more appropriate for routine clinical laboratory use.
Interactions of Lamotrigine with Topiramate and First‐generation Antiepileptic Drugs in the Maximal Electroshock Test in Mice: An Isobolographic Analysis (2003)

Interactions between LTG and TPM or LTG and VPA at a fixed ratio of 1:1 might be profitable from a preclinical point of view, displaying the most optimal BI.
Subunit 2 (or beta) of retinal rod cGMP-gated cation channel is a component of the 240-kDa channel-associated protein and mediates Ca(2+)-calmodulin modulation. (1994)

The cGMP-gated cation channel mediating visual transduction in retinal rods was recently found to comprise at least two subunits, 1 and 2 (or alpha and beta). SDS gels of the purified channel show, in addition to a 63-kDa protein band (subunit 1), a 240-kDa protein band that binds Ca(2+)-calmodulin, a modulator of the channel. To examine any connection between subunit 2 and the 240-kDa protein, cGMP-gated channels formed from the expressed cloned subunits in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells were tested for Ca(2+)-calmodulin effect. Homooligomeric channels formed by subunit 1 alone showed no sensitivity to Ca(2+)-calmodulin, and neither did heterooligomeric channels formed by subunit 1 and the short alternatively spliced form of subunit 2 (2a). By contrast, the cGMP half-activation constant (K1/2) for heterooligomeric channels formed from subunit 1 and the long form of subunit 2 (2b) was increased 1.5- to 2-fold by Ca(2+)-calmodulin, similar to the increase observed for the native channel. In Western blots of rod outer segment membranes, a subunit 2-specific antibody also recognized the 240-kDa protein. Finally, amino acid sequences derived from peptide fragments of the bovine 240-kDa protein showed approximately 80% identity to regions of subunit 2b of the human channel. These results together suggest that subunit 2b of the rod channel is a component of the 240-kDa protein and that it mediates the Ca(2+)-calmodulin modulation of the channel.
[Juvenile dyslipidemia as early risk factor for atherosclerosis. Analysis of a sample of school age boys]. (1994)

Atherosclerosis appears already in the first years of life. Several factors may accelerate the age of onset and the gravity of its symptoms. Particular importance is attributed to lipid metabolism in youth. Ther Authors studied the rates of cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, apolipoproteins AI and B100, lipoprotein a and several anamnestic and anthropometric parameters in a group of 103 young people of Rome, between 16 and 19 years of age. They processed these data statistically and compared them with those of a similar American group. The results showed a tendency to fatness in the Italian sample, and to dyslipidosis in the American group. Besides, the subjects who had been breast-fed presented higher blood levels of cholesterol and apolipoprotein B100.
Interleukin-18/Interleukin-18 Binding Protein Signaling Modulates Atherosclerotic Lesion Development and Stability (2001)

Interleukin (IL)-18 is the interferon-gamma-inducing factor and has other proinflammatory properties. The precise role of IL-18 in immunoinflammatory diseases remains poorly understood. In this study, we show that in vivo electrotransfer of an expression-plasmid DNA encoding for murine IL-18 binding protein (BP) (the endogenous inhibitor of IL-18) prevents fatty streak development in the thoracic aorta of apoE knockout mice and slows progression of advanced atherosclerotic plaques in the aortic sinus. More importantly, transfection with the IL-18BP plasmid induces profound changes in plaque composition (decrease in macrophage, T cell, cell death, and lipid content and increase in smooth muscle cell and collagen content) leading to a stable plaque phenotype. These results identify for the first time a critical role for IL-18/IL-18BP regulation in atherosclerosis and suggest a potential role for IL-18 inhibitors in reduction of plaque development/progression and promotion of plaque stability. The full text of this article is available at http://www.circresaha.org.
Inhibition of Phorbol Ester-Induced Cellular Adhesion by Competitive Binding of NF-κB In Vivo (1993)

Adhesive interactions between cells are essential for the organization and function of differentiated tissues and organs and are mediated by inducible cell surface glycoproteins. In normal tissues, cell adhesion molecules contribute to immune regulation, inflammation, and embryogenesis. Additionally, they play an important role in a variety of pathogenic processes. Cell adhesion molecule expression can be induced by stimuli known to activate NF-kappa B, a ubiquitous transcription factor found in a variety of cell types. To investigate the role of NF-kappa B in cell adhesion molecule expression, we treated HL-60 cells with a double-stranded oligonucleotide which specifically inhibits NF-kappa B-mediated transcription. This treatment resulted in the inhibition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced cellular adhesion, morphological changes, and the expression of leukocyte integrin CD11b. In a similar fashion, expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 on human endothelial cells induced by PMA was specifically inhibited by the NF-kappa B antagonist. We suggest that NF-kappa B activation is a necessary event for the PMA-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells and the expression of certain activation is a necessary event for the PMA-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells and the expression of certain adhesion molecules. Furthermore, the inhibition of transcription factor functions by this generally applicable mechanism can be used to define their role in cellular differentiation and function.
Interleukin (IL)-1F6, IL-1F8, and IL-1F9 Signal through IL-1Rrp2 and IL-1RAcP to Activate the Pathway Leading to NF-κB and MAPKs (2004)

Interleukin 1 (IL-1) plays a prominent role in immune and inflammatory reactions. Our understanding of the IL-1 family has recently expanded to include six novel members named IL-1F5 to IL-1F10. Recently, it was reported that IL-1F9 activated NF-kappaB through the orphan receptor IL-1 receptor (IL-1R)-related protein 2 (IL-1Rrp2) in Jurkat cells (Debets, R., Timans, J. C., Homey, B., Zurawski, S., Sana, T. R., Lo, S., Wagner, J., Edwards, G., Clifford, T., Menon, S., Bazan, J. F., and Kastelein, R. A. (2001) J. Immunol. 167, 1440-1446). In this study, we demonstrate that IL-1F6 and IL-1F8, in addition to IL-1F9, activate the pathway leading to NF-kappaB in an IL-1Rrp2-dependent manner in Jurkat cells as well as in multiple other human and mouse cell lines. Activation of the pathway leading to NF-kappaB by IL-1F6 and IL-1F8 follows a similar time course to activation by IL-1beta, suggesting that signaling by the novel family members occurs through a direct mechanism. In a mammary epithelial cell line, NCI/ADR-RES, which naturally expresses IL-1Rrp2, all three cytokines signal without further receptor transfection. IL-1Rrp2 antibodies block activation of the pathway leading to NF-kappaB by IL-1F6, IL-1F8, and IL-1F9 in both Jurkat and NCI/ADR-RES cells. In NCI/ADR-RES cells, the three IL-1 homologs activated the MAPKs, JNK and ERK1/2, and activated downstream targets as well, including an IL-8 promoter reporter and the secretion of IL-6. We also provide evidence that IL-1RAcP, in addition to IL-1Rrp2, is required for signaling by all three cytokines. Antibodies directed against IL-1RAcP and transfection of cytoplasmically deleted IL-1RAcP both blocked activation of the pathway leading to NF-kappaB by the three cytokines. We conclude that IL-1F6, IL-1F8, and IL-1F9 signal through IL-1Rrp2 and IL-1RAcP.