gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Marine natural products (2006)

This review covers the literature published in 2004 for marine natural products, with 693 citations (491 for the period January to December 2004) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green algae, brown algae, red algae, sponges, coelenterates, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates and echinoderms. The emphasis is on new compounds (716 for 2004), together with their relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Biosynthetic studies (8), and syntheses (80), including those that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
Fast Singlet Exciton Decay in Push–Pull Molecules Containing Oxidized Thiophenes (2015)

A common synthetic strategy used to design low-bandgap organic semiconductors employs the use of “push–pull” building blocks, where electron -rich and electron-deficient monomers are alternated along the π-conjugated backbone of a molecule or polymer. Incorporating strong “pull” units with high electron affinity is a means to further decrease the optical gap for infrared optoelectronics or to develop n-type semiconducting materials. Here we show that the use of thiophene-1,1-dioxide as a strong acceptor in “push–pull” oligomers affects the electronic structure and carrier dynamics in unexpected ways. Critically, the overall excited-state lifetime is reduced by several orders of magnitude relative to unoxidized analogs due to the introduction of low-energy optically dark states and low-energy triplet states that allow for fast internal conversion and intramolecular singlet fission. We found that the electronic structure and excited-state lifetime are strongly dependent on the number of sequential thiophene-1,1-dioxide units. These results suggest that both the static and dynamical optical properties are highly tunable via small changes in chemical structure that have drastic effects on the optoelectronic properties, which can impact the types of applications that involve these materials.
Aging and Cone Dark Adaptation (2012)

Our results provide evidence for age-related slowing of cone dark adaptation after a full bleach in healthy adults, which is likely to contribute to visual difficulties when moving from bright to dim photopic light levels. We propose that the sensitivity and specificity of cone τ as a biomarker for early age-related macular disease could be improved by taking into account the significant age-related decline in this parameter.
Priming withChlamydia trachomatisMajor Outer Membrane Protein (MOMP) DNA followed by MOMP ISCOM Boosting Enhances Protection and Is Associated with Increased Immunoglobulin A and Th1 Cellular Immune Responses (2000)

We previously reported that DNA vaccination was able to elicit cellular immune responses and partial protection against Chlamydia trachomatis infection. However, DNA immunization alone did not generate immune responses or protection as great as that induced by using live organisms. In this study, we evaluated the immunologic effects of a combinational vaccination approach using C. trachomatis mouse pneumonitis (MoPn) major outer membrane protein (MOMP) DNA priming followed by boosting with immune-stimulating complexes (ISCOM) of MOMP protein (MOMP ISCOM) for protection of BALB/c mice against MoPn lung infection. Substantially better protection to challenge infection was observed in mice given combinational vaccination compared with mice given MOMP ISCOM immunization alone, and the protection approximated that induced by live organisms. Enhanced protection was correlated with stronger delayed-type hypersensitivity, higher levels of gamma interferon production, and increased immunoglobulin A antibody responses in lung homogenates. The results indicate that DNA priming followed by ISCOM protein boosting may be useful in designing a fully protective chlamydial vaccine.
Tourniquet Cuff Pressure: The Gulf Between Science and Practice (2006)

This survey demonstrates the existing gulf between tourniquet use and supporting literature. Tourniquet use is not benign and the correct pressure usage allows the least morbidity. We hope this survey will raise awareness of the correct tourniquet pressures and change practice patterns based on "that's how we have always done it".
Nerve growth factor-enhanced reinnervation of surgically denervated canine heart (1979)

Nerve growth factor (NGF) was administered in doses of 25,000 U daily for the first 5 postoperative days to dogs subjected to cardiac denervation. These dogs and untreated cardiac-denervated dogs were killed at 1, 2, 3, and 6 mo postoperatively. Tritiated norepinephrine ([3H]NE) was administered prior to death, after which the hearts were removed and eight segments (right and left atria, right ventricular conus and sinus, left ventricular base and apex and high and low ventricular septum) analyzed to determine myocardial NE content and uptake of [3H]NE. Our data demonstrated enhanced cardiac reinnervation of the left ventricular base in NGF-treated dogs.
Chemical Modification of the Surface of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) by Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization of Acrylamide (2002)

The chemical modification of the surface of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), which was made using Sylgard 184 with polyacrylamide by atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), was investigated by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to characterize the functional groups on the surface. A UV−ozone plasma generator was used to oxidize the surface of the PDMS for time periods ranging from 2 to 30 min. The resulting silanol groups were reacted with a gaseous trichlorosilane bearing an initiator for atom-transfer radical polymerization, (1-trichlorosilyl-2-m-p-chloromethylphenyl)ethane, and subsequent atom-transfer radical polymerization with acrylamide was carried out in water. Damage to the material became evident after 30 min. Attenuated total internal reflectance FTIR showed that the amount of polyacrylamide bound to the surface reached a maximum after 15 min of oxidation, suggesting that the surface silanols reached a maximum concentration at this time. The surface exhibited a 20-fold improvement in resisting irreversible adsorption of lysozyme, compared to bare PDMS, and a 10-fold improvement compared to bare glass. Unlike oxidized PDMS, which reverts fully to being hydrophobic after 2 days, the contact angle of the surface treated by ATRP of acrylamide was shown to remain hydrophilic for at least 1 month.
Distinct genotypic profiles of the two major clades of Mycobacterium africanum (2010)

With this study, we have organized a series of consistent phylogenetically-relevant markers for each of the distinct MTC lineages that share the M. africanum designation. A differential distribution of each M. africanum clade in Western Africa is described.
Multimodality Neuromonitoring for Carotid Endarterectomy Surgery: Determination of Critical Cerebral Ischemic Thresholds (1998)

.As a result of advances in microcomputer technology over the past several decades, a number of new and improved intraoperative and ICU monitors have emerged for safer anesthetic, surgical, and postoperative management of patients. In particular, those developed for neuromonitoring are some of the most recent and potentially most important. One of the most common applications of intraoperative neuromonitoring is for the detection of cerebral ischemia and embolism during carotid endarterectomy surgery. By examining the period following crossclamping of the carotid arteries for plaque removal, thresholds for cerebral ischemia have been determined for a host of neuromonitoring techniques: electrical brainwaves, cerebral perfusion, and cerebral oxygenation. Information provided by these various techniques can be used to influence the surgeon's decision for selective shunting. With the introduction of continuous transcranial Doppler, the detection of emboli is now possible, also providing the surgeon with additional information to improve the surgical technique. No single method, however, has proven entirely reliable in the detection of cerebral ischemia and embolization, nor is there universal agreement for specific alarm criteria characterizing critical, cerebral, ischemic thresholds for most of the neuromonitoring techniques. Consequently, a multimodality strategy that combines several of these intraoperative techniques potentially affords a better neurological outcome.
Scalable, optimal flow routing in datacenters via local link balancing (2013)

Datacenter networks should support high network utilization. Yet today's routing is typically load agnostic, so large flows can starve other flows if routed through overutilized links. Even recent proposals like centralized scheduling or end-host multi-pathing give suboptimal throughput, and they suffer from poor scalability and other limitations.
Oxcarbazepine: Pharmacokinetic Interactions and Their Clinical Relevance (1994)

Antiepileptic drug (AED) interactions are a common problem during epilepsy treatment. Oxcarbazepine (OCBZ) is a keto homologue of carbamazepine (CBZ) with a completely different metabolic profile. In humans, the keto group is rapidly and quantitatively reduced to form a monohydroxy derivative (MHD), which is the main active agent during OCBZ therapy. MHD is eliminated by renal excretion, glucuronidation and, marginally, by hydroxylation to a diol derivative. This metabolic profile, and in particular the limited involvement of oxidative microsomal enzymes, suggests that OCBZ may have fewer drug interactions compared with traditional AEDs. This possibility has been investigated in experimental studies and, retrospectively, in data obtained from clinical trials. The capacity of OCBZ to induce microsomal enzymes of the P-450 family has mostly been examined by use of antipyrine and CBZ kinetics as markers. The results suggest that OCBZ has little enzyme inducing capacity. In clinical trials in which OCBZ was substituted for CBZ, plasma concentrations of concomitant AEDs were increased, possibly as a consequence of total or partial de-induction. OCBZ interference with other drugs has been evaluated for warfarin, felodipine, and oral contraceptives, three medications strongly influenced by enzyme-inducing AEDs. OCBZ does not modify the anticoagulant effect of warfarin, whereas some reduction in felodipine concentration and a clinically significant reduction of contraceptive drug levels and efficacy were observed. Polytherapy with established AEDs does not significantly modify OCBZ disposition (MHD kinetics); however, available information is not extensive. Finally, the action on OCBZ kinetics of a group of drugs (verapamil, cimetidine, erythromycin, dextropropoxyphene, and viloxazine) known to inhibit the metabolism of some AEDs has been studied.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adenovirus-mediated over-expression of the cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21 inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointima formation in the rat carotid artery model of balloon angioplasty. (1995)

Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation after arterial injury is important in the pathogenesis of a number of vascular proliferative disorders, including atherosclerosis and restenosis after balloon angioplasty. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying VSMC proliferation in response to arterial injury would have important therapeutic implications for patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease. The p21 protein is a negative regulator of mammalian cell cycle progression that functions both by inhibiting cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) required for the initiation of S phase, and by binding to and inhibiting the DNA polymerase delta co-factor, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). In this report, we show that adenovirus-mediated over-expression of human p21 inhibits growth factor-stimulated VSMC proliferation in vitro by efficiently arresting VSMCs in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. This p21-associated cell cycle arrest is associated both with significant inhibition of the phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma gene product (Rb) and with the formation of complexes between p21 and PCNA in VSMCs. In addition, we demonstrate that localized arterial infection with a p21-encoding adenovirus at the time of balloon angioplasty significantly reduced neointimal hyperplasia in the rat carotid artery model of restenosis. Taken together, these studies demonstrate the important role of p21 in regulating Rb phosphorylation and cell cycle progression in VSMC, and suggest a novel cytostatic gene therapy approach for restenosis and related vascular proliferative disorders.
Physiological significance of selective degradation of p62 by autophagy (2010)

Autophagy is a highly conserved bulk protein degradation pathway responsible for the turnover of long-lived proteins, disposal of damaged organelles, and clearance of aggregate-prone proteins. Thus, inactivation of autophagy results in cytoplasmic protein inclusions, which are composed of misfolded proteins and excess accumulation of deformed organelles, leading to liver injury, diabetes, myopathy, and neurodegeneration. Although autophagy has been considered non-selective, growing lines of evidence indicate the selectivity of autophagy in sorting vacuolar enzymes and in the removal of aggregate-prone proteins, unwanted organelles and microbes. Such selectivity by autophagy enables diverse cellular regulations, similar to the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In this review, we introduce the selective turnover of the ubiquitin- and LC3-binding protein 'p62' through autophagy and discuss its physiological significance.
Effect of Contact Angle Hysteresis on the Measurement of Capillary Forces (2007)

We conduct experimental investigations of macroscopic capillary forces between two flat rigid substrates characterized by their advancing and receding contact angles with water. Our results exhibit excellent agreement with theoretical predictions obtained by the numerical solution of the capillary equation. On the basis of this comparison, we use the measurements of the capillary force to investigate the phenomenon of contact angle hysteresis. We present examples of force measurements for surfaces that display low, moderate, and high contact angle hysteresis and compare results for a larger variety of substrates. Finally, we show that for the case of water, the role of viscosity is insignificant within the range of force and velocity measured in the present work.
Towards a Proximity-Aware, Accessible and Personalized Public Digital Terminal An Initial Study (2018)

Public Digital Terminals (PDT) play a vital role in providing essential services ubiquitously to users belonging to different target groups. There is a wide array of PDTs that a common person uses frequently including Automated Teller Machines (ATM), interactive kiosks, self-service kiosks and so on to accomplish numerous day-to-day tasks. Improving the usability of PDTs has been targeted from various aspects by Human Computer Interaction researchers. Research in this area has spanned from using multimodal approaches, revised guidelines for kiosk construction, navigation restructuring, to alternative methods of user authentication to provide an improved and enhanced user-experience. The main issue with the solutions provided to this day is that they all target improving the device. Providing a personalized solution remains unanswered. The widespread use of smartphones and tablets has given rise to the next generation of e-commerce commonly known as m-commerce. Although m-commerce have made huge strides in the areas of mobile payments, the area of making use of mobile technology with public access terminals is still limited. As technology edges towards cardless and contactless transactions, we propose to provide an accessible and scalable solution to the use of PDTs using proximity-aware technology. The main objective of the work presented in this paper is to identify and discuss the feasibility of using proximity-aware solutions to address the security, privacy and accessibility concerns when using PDTs.
Src family kinase inhibitor PP2 restores the E-cadherin/catenin cell adhesion system in human cancer cells and reduces cancer metastasis. (2002)

The E-cadherin/catenin cell adhesion system is often down-regulatedin epithelial tumors. This is thought to play an important role in cancer invasion and metastasis. Restoring this system may enable suppression of the metastatic spread of cancer. This study examined the effect of Src family kinase inhibitor PP2 on E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion and metastatic potentials. In cell aggregation assays, PP2 stimulated the aggregation of colon, liver, and breast cancer cells. In vitro cultures of cancer cells showed that PP2 induced strong cell-cell contact. Immunoblot analysis showed that PP2 enhanced E-cadherin/catenin expression and that increased E-cadherin/catenin proteins were strongly associated with the actin cytoskeleton. Northern blot studies indicated that the observed increase of E-cadherin/catenin protein content was due to their increased gene expression. After the spleens of severe combined immunodeficient mice were inoculated with cancer cells, treatment with PP2 for 3 weeks markedly reduced the rate of liver metastasis, compared with the control counterparts. Our data demonstrate that PP2 can activate the functioning of the E-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion system, which is associated with the suppression of metastasis in cancer cells. Thus, selective inhibition of Src activation may be potentially useful in the prevention of cancer metastasis.
Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationships of Carboxylated Chalcones:  A Novel Series of CysLT1 (LTD4) Receptor Antagonists (1997)

The synthesis and CysLT1 antagonistic activities of a new series of 2-, 3-, and 4-(2-quinolinylmethoxy)- and 3- and 4-[2-(2-quinolinyl)ethenyl]-substituted, 2'-, 3'-, 4'-, or 5'-carboxylated chalcones are described. Structure-activity relationship studies indicate a preference for the presence of a negatively charged (acidic) moiety, although in some cases nitrile or ester analogues also exhibit moderate activity. The quinoline moiety may be substituted at either the 3- or the 4-position. Replacement of this heterocycle by other aromatic groups results in compounds with comparable affinities [2-(7-chloroquinoline), 1-(1-methyl-2-benzimidazole), or 1-(2-benzothiazole)] or substantially lower activities [1-(1-ethoxyethyl)-2-benzimidazole, 2-naphthyl, or phenyl]. The quinoline and chalcone moieties may be connected by either an ethenyl or a methoxy spacer. The acidic moiety at the chalcone B ring may be attached to the 2'-, 3'-, 4'-, or 5'-position, for both the 3- and 4-substituted chalcones. There are no general patterns to specify which substitution positions gave the most potent compounds. The series contains several potent CysLT1 receptor antagonists, with K(D) values approaching the nanomolar range, as measured by the displacement of [3H]LTD4 from guinea pig lung membranes. Antagonism of LTD4-induced contraction of guinea pig ileum, the inhibition of antigen-induced contraction of guinea pig trachea in vitro, and the inhibition of LTD4-induced increase of vascular permeability in vivo are determined for chalcones with high CysLT1 receptor affinities (K(D) values below 0.1 microM). 2'-Hydroxy-4-(2-quinolinylmethoxy)-5'-(5-tetrazolyl)chalcone (14, VUF 4819) showed good activity in both in vitro and in vivo assays and has been selected for further evaluation.
Pinch-to-zoom-plus (2014)

Despite its popularity, the classic pinch-to-zoom gesture used in modern multi-touch interfaces has drawbacks: specifically, the need to support an extended range of scales and the need to keep content within the view window on the display can result in the need to clutch and pan. In two formative studies of unimanual and bimanual pinch-to-zoom, we found patterns: zooming actions follows a predictable ballistic velocity curve, and users tend to pan the point-of-interest towards the center of the screen. We apply these results to design an enhanced zooming technique called Pinch-to-Zoom-Plus (PZP) that reduces clutching and panning operations compared to standard pinch-to-zoom behaviour.
Linear Bis(perfluoroalkyl) Complexes of Nickel Bipyridine (2012)

Three new complexes were prepared: [(dtbpy)Ni(CF3)2] (1), [(dtbpy)Ni(CF2CF3)2] (2), and [(dtbpy)Ni(CH3)2] (3) (dtbpy = 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine). Remarkable differences in the structure, electronics, reactivity, and absorption of visible light for the alkyl versus perfluoroalkyl complexes were observed and are detailed in this report.
Modulation of the conformational state of theSV2Aprotein by an allosteric mechanism as evidenced by ligand binding assays (2013)

These results indicate that UCB1244283 can modulate the conformation of SV2A, thereby inducing a higher affinity state for UCB30889. Our results also suggest that the conformation of SV2A per se might be an important determinant of its functioning, especially during epileptic seizures. Therefore, agents that act on the conformation of SV2A might hold great potential in the search for new SV2A-based anticonvulsant therapies.
Efficacy of ex vivo OPG gene therapy in preventing wear debris induced osteolysis (2002)

Aseptic loosening of prosthetic implants remains a serious orthopaedic problem and the greatest limitation to total joint arthroplasty. Central to the etiology of aseptic loosening is periprosthetic osteolysis at the bone-implant interface, which is caused by wear debris-induced inflammation. This inflammation produces the critical osteoclast differentiation factor RANKL, which directly stimulates osteoclastogenesis and osteoclastic bone resorption. A dominant factor known to counteract this process is the natural RANKL receptor antagonist protein OPG. Here we explore the potential of ex vivo OPG gene therapy for aseptic loosening by evaluating the eflicacy of stably transfected fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) expressing OPG in preventing wear debris-induced osteoclastogenesis, in a mouse calvaria model. Although the stably transfected fibroblasts produced small amounts of OPG (0.3 ng/ml/72 h/10(6) cells), this protein was very effective in preventing osteoclastic resorption as determined in a bone wafer assay. More importantly. implantation of 10(7) FLS-OPG, together with 30 mg of Ti wear debris, onto the calvaria of mice, completely inhibited osteoclastogenesis 3 days after surgery. Animals given FLS-LacZ control cells, which persisted for 3 days as determined by X-gal staining, together with the Ti particles, had a 6-fold increase in osteoclastogenesis compared to controls without Ti. This increased osteoclastogenesis was completely inhibited by the FLS-OPG, as osteoclast numbers in the calvaria of these animals were similar to that seen in the SHAM controls.
Dairy Starter Cultures (1995)

History of cultures starter genetics metabolism types of culture bacteriophage other inhibitors of growth commercial production of cultures role of cultures in ripening cheese (stressing microbiolgical rather than biochemical properties) special additional cultures future prospects for cultural improvement methods used with starter cultures.