gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IL-6 inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor production in cultured human monocytes, U937 cells, and in mice. (1989)

Incubation of the human U937 histiocytic lymphoma cell line with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) rendered the cells responsive to induction of TNF by LPS. Treatment with IL-6 reduced TNF production in GM-CSF-primed U937 cells. The inhibitory effect was most pronounced (approximately equal to 80%) when IL-6 was added either along with GM-CSF or within the first 3 h of GM-CSF treatment. Both GM-CSF or IL-6 inhibited [3H]TdR uptake in U937 cells, and simultaneous treatment with GM-CSF and IL-6 resulted in an additive inhibitory effect on cell proliferation. However, the inhibition of TNF production could not be explained by the inhibitory effect of IL-6 on cell growth, nor was it due to a reduction in cell viability. An inhibition of TNF production by IL-6 was also demonstrated in cultured human peripheral blood monocytes. Treatment with IL-6 also resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of the 17-kDa TNF band revealed by SDS-PAGE after labeling monocytes with [35S]cysteine and immunoprecipitation with anti-TNF mAb. In addition, treatment with IL-6 resulted in a reduction of monocyte in vitro cytotoxicity for tumor target cells. Finally, in mice sensitized by the administration of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, the injection of IL-6 significantly reduced the levels of TNF found in the serum upon challenge with LPS. Inasmuch as TNF is known to be an inducer of IL-6, the inhibitory action of IL-6 on TNF production may represent the negative arm of a regulatory circuit. The inhibitory action of IL-6 on TNF production is consistent with a predominantly antiinflammatory role of IL-6 in the intact organism.
Fasting plasma triglycerides predict the glycaemic response to treatment of Type 2 diabetes by gastric electrical stimulation. A novel lipotoxicity paradigm (2013)

The data presented suggest the existence of a triglyceride lipotoxic mechanism that interferes with gastric/neural mediated pathways that can regulate glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. The data suggest the existence of a triglyceride lipotoxic pathway that interferes with gastric/neural mediated pathways that can regulate glycaemic control.
Quantitation of membrane glycoprotein IIIa on intact human platelets using the monoclonal antibody, AP-3 (1985)

A murine monoclonal antibody specific for glycoprotein (GP)IIIa was prepared by immunization with a GPIIb- and GPIIIa-enriched Triton X-114 extract of platelet membranes. This antibody, designated AP-3, was shown by indirect immunoprecipitation to react solely with GPIIIa derived from either P1A1-positive or -negative individuals. The epitope on GPIIIa recognized by AP-3 is expressed on dissociated GPIIIa as well as on Ca+2-dependent complexes of GPIIb and GPIIIa, as shown by crossed immunoelectrophoresis in the presence or absence of EDTA. A previously described monoclonal antibody specific for the GPIIb/IIIa complex (AP-2) inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP, thrombin, collagen, or arachidonic acid (Pidard et al, J Biol Chem 258:12582-12586, 1983). In contrast, AP-3 had no effect on aggregation induced by any of these reagents, a finding similar to that previously reported for the GPIIb-specific monoclonal antibody, Tab (McEver et al, J Clin Invest 66:1311-1318, 1980). At saturation, 40,200 AP-3 molecules were bound per platelet, a value similar to that obtained for AP-2 or Tab. Thus, data derived using AP-3 indicate that significant amounts of free GPIIIa are not present, thereby supporting the hypothesis that GPIIb and GPIIIa exist complexed in a 1:1 stoichiometry in the plasma membrane of intact, nonactivated platelets.
Hierarchical optical path cross-connect systems for large scale WDM networks (2003)

Hierarchical optical path architecture consisting of wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) bands and channels are suitable for large-scale WDM backbone networks. A hierarchical optical path crossconnect system (OPXC) using a matrix WDM scheme is proposed as a reliable and economical high-performance node architecture.
Recent Advances in the Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Emphasis on Kynurenine Pathway Inhibitors (2009)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult onset, progressive and fatal motor neuron degenerative disease [1]. The aetiology of ALS is currently unknown, though strongly suggested to be multifactorial. Recently, the kynurenine pathway (KP) has emerged as a potential contributing factor [2]. The KP is a major route for the metabolism of tryptophan, generating neuroactive intermediates in the process. These catabolites include the excitotoxic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist, quinolinic acid (QUIN) [3] and the neuroprotective NMDA receptor antagonist, kynurenic acid (KYNA) [4,5]. These catabolites appear to play a key role in the communication between the nervous and immune systems, and also in modulating cell proliferation and tissue function [6]. As the cause of ALS is still unknown, there is presently no efficient treatment for it. Currently, Riluzole is the drug of choice but its effect is relatively modest [7]. Targeting the KP, hence, could offer a new therapeutic option to improve ALS treatment [8]. Several drugs that block the KP are already under investigation by our laboratory and others, some of which are in or about to enter clinical trials for other diseases. For example, the KP inhibitors, Teriflunomide (Sanofi-Aventis) and Laquinimod (Teva Neuroscience). Recently, a KP inhibitor has also reached the Japan market as an immunomodulative drug [9]: Tranilast/Rizaben (Angiogen Ltd.) is an anthranilic acid derivative [8]. Finally, the 8-hydroxyquinolinine metal attenuating compounds, Clioquinol and PBT2, interestingly have close structural similarity with KYNA and QUIN. Such drugs would open a new and important therapeutic door for ALS.
Hybridization-selected translation of Bombyx mori high-cysteine chorion proteins in Xenopus laevis oocytes. (1982)

Xenopus laevis oocytes were injected with poly(A)+-mRNA isolated from chorionating follicular epithelium of the domesticated silk moth (Bombyx mori). On two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, the resultant translation products comigrated with authentic, secreted, chorion standards, demonstrating that the frog oocyte system synthesizes and correctly process virtually all major chorion components. A cDNA clone has been shown to contain sequences complementary to those of mRNAs encoding B mori high-cysteine (Hc) chorion proteins Hc6-Hc11. mRNAs were selected by hybridization to plasmid m5000 DNA bound to diazobenzyloxymethyl-cellulose and subsequently translated in X. laevis oocytes into forms that comigrated with authentic chorion standards. The selection of a distinct subset of Hc mRNAs under stringent hybridization conditions (70% formamide/0.2 M NaCl, 60 degrees C) suggests that they are encoded by related genes. This is consistent with the pattern obtained by hybridizing radioactive m5000 DNA to Southern blots prepared from EcoRI-cleaved B. mori chromosomal DNA.
Aberrant guanosine triphosphate–beta‐tubulin interaction in Alzheimer's disease (1989)

Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) is an absolute requirement for tubulin polymerization in situ. The nucleotide photoaffinity probe 8-azidoguanosine 5'-triphosphate (8N3GTP) has been shown to be a biological mimic of GTP in this system and, also, an effective active site probe of the exchangeable GTP binding site. Using [32P]8N3GTP we demonstrate that the exchangeable GTP site of the beta subunit of tubulin is available to added guanine nucleotide in normal aged brain homogenates, whereas it is variably unavailable in Alzheimer's diseased brain. Inability of 8N3GTP to photolabel beta tubulin appears to be associated with neurofibrillary tangle density. These results support the hypothesis that microtubule formation is abnormal in brains affected by Alzheimer's disease.
Defective Receptor Expression and Dendritic Cell Differentiation of Monocytes in Glioblastomas (2006)

Peripheral monocytes are phenotypically altered in the setting of glioblastoma and display a reduced functional capacity to differentiate into mature dendritic cells.
Artificial Macrocycles as Potent p53–MDM2 Inhibitors (2017)

Based on a combination of an Ugi four component reaction and a ring closing metathesis, a library of novel artificial macrocyclic inhibitors of the p53-MDM2 interaction was designed and synthesized. These macrocycles, alternatively to stapled peptides, target for the first time the large hydrophobic surface area formed by Tyr67, Gln72, His73, Val93, and Lys94 yielding derivatives with affinity to MDM2 in the nanomolar range. Their binding affinity with MDM2 was evaluated using fluorescence polarization (FP) assay and <sup>1</sup>H-<sup>15</sup>N two-dimensional HSQC nuclear magnetic resonance experiments.
Ultrafast Reversible Photo-Cross-Linking Reaction: Toward in Situ DNA Manipulation (2008)

We describe a novel ultrafast reversible DNA interstrand photo-cross-linking reaction via 3-cyanovinylcarbazole nucleoside ( (CNV)K). Oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) containing (CNV)K can be photo-cross-linked by irradiation at 366 nm for 1 s, and the photo-cross-linked ODN can be split by irradiation at 312 nm for 60 s.
Functional human saposins expressed in Escherichia coli. Evidence for binding and activation properties of saposins C with acid beta-glucosidase (1994)

Small (80-amino acid) glycoproteins or saposins are important for the in vivo function of several lysosomal hydrolases. Four saposins, A, B, C, and D, are encoded by a single locus termed prosaposin. Saposins C and A are thought to function in vivo as activators of acid beta-glucosidase. The physiologic role of saposin C has been confirmed, whereas that of saposin A role has not. To investigate the effects of saposins C and A on acid beta-glucosidase activity, the coding sequence for the individual saposins was expressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant proteins purified to homogeneity. Recombinant and natural saposins A and C activated acid beta-glucosidase similarly only in micromolar amounts. Saposin C had specific activation of acid beta-glucosidase activity at < 200 nM. A second phase of activation was achieved at > 1 microM. In comparison, saposin A consistently activated acid beta-glucosidase only at > 1 microM. Two mutant saposins C (Cys382-->Phe and Cys382--Gly) were created and shown to compete with saposin C for a site on acid beta-glucosidase. The mutant saposins did not activate the enzyme. Recombinant saposin A (< 200 nM) competed with saposin C for a site on the enzyme but without activating effects. These studies show that saposin A is not an in vitro activator of acid beta-glucosidase at physiologic concentrations, although binding occurs without activating acid beta-glucosidase. The studies with mutant saposins C indicate that the binding and activation effects of saposins C are distinct events. These results indicate that the saposin C-induced conformational change in the enzyme occurs via highly specific, probably multivalent, interactions between acid beta-glucosidase and saposin C.
Grating spectrograph in InGaAsP/InP for dense wavelength division multiplexing (1991)

A grating spectrograph in InGaAsP/InP suitable for use in the wavelength region from 1.2 to 1.6 μm is presented. Experiments for devices with a channel spacing of 3.7 nm and more than 30 channels between 1.48 and 1.59 μm are described. The measured cross talk level is below −25 dB. The devices have only very low polarization sensitivity. This spectrograph is suited for monolithic integration with photodiodes, laser diodes, or optical amplifiers on a single chip.
Speech synthesis in telecommunications (1993)

A text-to-speech synthesis system that synthesizes speech from unrestricted text is discussed. The text analysis system, which includes text preprocessing, phrasing and intonation, and letter-to-phoneme conversion, is described. The analyzed text is represented by phonetic characters, stress values, minor- and major-phrase markers, and intonational descriptors. The synthesizer uses this information to compute a speech signal in several stages. The duration of the different speech events is computed, and the intonational descriptors are converted to a fundamental frequency contour. Loudness control is also generated. After these prosodic parameters have been computed, the synthesis parameters that describe the different sounds or phonemes are generated. These parameters are converted to speech by a waveform synthesizer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Psychedelics, but Not Ketamine, Produce Persistent Antidepressant-like Effects in a Rodent Experimental System for the Study of Depression (2020)

Psilocybin shows efficacy to alleviate depression in human clinical trials for six or more months after only one or two treatments. Another hallucinogenic drug, esketamine, has recently been U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved as a rapid-acting antidepressant. The mechanistic basis for the antidepressant effects of psilocybin and ketamine appear to be conserved. The efficacy of these two medications has not, however, been directly compared either clinically or preclinically. Further, whether or not a profound subjective existential experience is necessary for psilocybin to have antidepressant effects is unknown. To address these questions, we tested psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and ketamine in a rat model for depression. As in humans, a single administration of psilocybin or LSD produced persistent antidepressant-like effects in our model. In contrast, ketamine produced only a transient antidepressant-like effect. Our results indicate that classic psychedelics may have therapeutic efficacy that is more persistent than that of ketamine, and also suggest that a subjective existential experience may not be necessary for therapeutic effects.
NLRA Preemption Of State Common Law Wrongful Discharge Claims: The Bhopal Brigade Goes Home (1986)

Four wells downgradient from a landfill near Elkhart, Indiana were sampled during 2000-2002 to evaluate the presence of waste-indicator and pharmaceutical compounds in landfill-leachate-affected ground water. Compounds detected in leachate-affected ground water included detergent metabolites (p-nonylphenol, nonylphenol monoethoxylate, nonylphenol diethoxylate, and octylphenol monoethoxylate), plasticizers (ethanol-2-butoxy-phosphate and diethylphthalate), a plastic monomer (bisphenol A), disinfectants (1,4-dichlorobenzene and triclosan), an antioxidant (5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole), three fire-retardant compounds (tributylphosphate and tri(2-chloroethyl)phosphate, and tri(dichlorisopropyl)phosphate), and several pharmaceuticals and metabolites (acetaminophen, caffeine, cotinine, 1,7-dimethylxanthine, fluoxetine, and ibuprofen). Acetaminophen, caffeine, and cotinine detections confirm prior indications of pharmaceutical and nicotinate disposal in the landfill.
Supporting women through agriculture projects in the Latin America and Caribbean Region (2013)

In the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) Region, agriculture projects cover a variety of activities such as agricultural production, off-farm employment, access and management of water resources (irrigation), land titling and land management, as well as access to markets and financial services. Women represent the majority of the rural poor, and increasing the economic productivity of the rural poor is largely about enabling women to realize their socioeconomic potential more fully and improve both, their own and their families' quality of life. To this end, in 2008 the Agriculture and Rural Development Unit of the Latin America and Caribbean Region (LCSAR) received a grant of $250,000 from the Gender Action Plan (GAP) to mainstream gender into already existing projects in the region. The GAP was a multi-donor trust fund that ran from 2007-11. Its focus was to advance women's economic empowerment as a means to promote shared growth and accelerate the attainment of third millennium development goal, which is to promote gender equality and empower women.
Mechanistic Insights into the Pd(BINAP)-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Bromides:  Kinetic Studies under Synthetically Relevant Conditions (2002)

Kinetic studies using reaction calorimetry were carried out under synthetically relevant conditions to study the mechanism of the amination of bromobenzene with primary and secondary amines using Pd(2)(dba)(3)/BINAP mixtures as well as preformed (dba)Pd(BINAP), (p-tolyl)(Br)Pd(BINAP), and Pd(BINAP)(2) complexes. The presence of a significant induction period in the reaction was attributed to the slow activation of the catalytic precursor, resulting in an increase in the concentration of active species within the catalytic cycle. The induction period can mask the true kinetics of the reaction, which exhibits positive order dependences on aryl bromide and amine and zero-order dependence on base. It is also determined that the bis-ligand complex Pd(BINAP)(2) does not play a role directly on the catalytic cycle. In addition to the conventionally accepted pathway involving oxidative addition of the aryl halide to (BINAP)Pd as the first step, a pathway initiated by addition of the amine to the catalyst is proposed and supported by kinetic modeling of sequential reaction experiments. A subtle dependence of the reaction mechanism on the relative concentrations of substrates is revealed in these studies. The dependence of the catalyst resting state on reaction conditions is also discussed. This work suggests that conclusions from kinetic studies may be meaningful only for the conditions under which they are carried out, calling into question the use of conventional kinetic methods in this system.
[The molecular biology studies of water channels]. (1996)

Water channels are the aqueous pores in the plasma membranes of mammalian and plant tissue cells. The cDNA sequence of the first water channel protein (AQP-CHIP) was reported in 1991. Up to date, at least five mammalian water channels are identified and referred to as the "aquaporin" (AQP). AQPs are the members of major intrinsic protein (MIP) family. Channel-mediated water transport permits the movement of water in the direction of an osmotic gradient. The distributions of AQPs are in many tissues and most of them are expressed in the renal medulla. AQP-CHIP assembles into homotetramers in the plasma membrane and each CHIP monomer appears to form a functional water pore.
Gene flow. (2001)

This paper discusses the following topics: the balance between gene flow and genetic drift, i.e. in insects; multilocus data and interlocus correlations; spatial information in gene flow/drift balance; direct estimates of dispersal and Slatkin's Paradox; gene flow - selection balance; minimum size of an area for adaptation; indirect measurement of gene flow in clines; gene flow in multiple locus clines; gene flow between host races or species; and prospects for estimating gene flow.
Role of plasma gelsolin and the vitamin D-binding protein in clearing actin from the circulation. (1986)

We determined the plasma kinetics of both actin and complexes of actin with the two high affinity actin-binding proteins of plasma, gelsolin, and vitamin D-binding protein (DBP). Actin is cleared rapidly from the plasma by the liver (half-disappearance time, 0.5 h). Using radiolabeled actin-binding proteins, we found that actin accelerated the clearance of both plasma gelsolin and the vitamin D-binding protein. In separate experiments we found that DBP-actin complexes were cleared more quickly than gelsolin-actin complexes, at a rate comparable to the clearance of actin from the blood. A low affinity interaction (dissociation constant, 2.9 X 10(-4) M) between actin and fibronectin was found, suggesting that little actin will bind to fibronectin in plasma. We conclude that while plasma gelsolin and DBP may both clear actin from the circulation, DBP appears to play a more important role. By so doing, DBP may conserve the filament-severing activity of plasma gelsolin.
The SCIT Multi-Vehicle Networked Control Testbed (2006)

This paper describes the SCIT (Space Control and Inertial Technology Research Center of HIT) multi-vehicle control system, a platform for testing networked control methodologies of multiple vehicles coordination and formation, and image processing. The system is consisted of three subsystems: the console system, the vision system and the vehicle system. The console system mainly generates the control commands through the given command information and the state information sent by the vision system, and then sends them to the vehicles. The function of the vision system is to identify the vehicle ID and calculate the state information (including the orientation and the velocity) of the vehicles. The vehicle system is consisted of some sensors and wireless Ethernet for communication. The development of the system is introduced in this paper, and the obstacle avoidance algorithm when vehicles are running is provided
Selection and characterization of MUC1‐specific CD8+ T cells from MUC1 transgenic mice immunized with dendritic‐carcinoma fusion cells (2000)

Mice transgenic for the human MUC1 carcinoma-associated antigen (MUC1.Tg) are tolerant to immunization with MUC1 antigen. Recent studies, however, have demonstrated that immunization of MUC1.Tg mice with fusions of MUC1-positive tumour and dendritic cells (FC/MUC1) reverses MUC1 unresponsiveness and results in rejection of established MUC1-positive pulmonary metastases. Here we demonstrate that lymph node cells from MUC1.Tg mice immunized with the FC/MUC1 fusion cells proliferate in response to MUC1 antigen by a mechanism dependent on the function of CD4, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, B7-1, B7-2, CD28, CD40 and CD40 ligand. The findings demonstrate that stimulation of lymph node cells with MUC1 results in selection of MUC1-specific CD8+ T cells. We show that the CD8+ T cells exhibit MUC1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity by recognition of MUC1 peptides presented in the context of MHC class I molecules Kb and Db. The MUC1-specific CD8+ T cells also exhibit antitumour activity against MUC1-positive metastases, but with no apparent reactivity against normal tissues. These results indicate that immunization of MUC1.Tg mice with FC/MUC1 reverses immunological unresponsiveness to MUC1 by presentation of MUC1 peptides in the presence of costimulatory signals and generates MHC-restricted MUC1-specific CD8+ T cells.
The proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 gene E670G polymorphism and serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han populations (2011)

The PCSK9 E670G polymorphism is mainly associated with some serum lipid parameters in the Han population. The G allele carriers had higher serum HDL-C and ApoAI levels in males, and lower serum ApoB levels and higher the ApoAI/ApoB ratio in females than the G allele noncarriers.
Contemporary trends and in-hospital outcomes of catheter and stand-alone surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation (2021)

Stand-alone SA comprises a minority of AF ablation procedures and is associated with increased risk of mortality, stroke, and other in-hospital complications compared to CA. However, when a thoracoscopic approach was utilized, the risks of mortality and stroke appear to be reduced.
Efficacy of Fibrin Sealant in the Management of Complex Anal Fistula (2003)

The success rate of fibrin glue application for complex anorectal fistulas without extension is 14 percent. Magnetic resonance imaging predicts outcome at an earlier stage than clinical examination.