gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Wound Healing Process: An Overview of the Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms (2009)

Wound healing remains a challenging clinical problem and correct, efficient wound management is essential. Much effort has been focused on wound care with an emphasis on new therapeutic approaches and the development of technologies for acute and chronic wound management. Wound healing involves multiple cell populations, the extracellular matrix and the action of soluble mediators such as growth factors and cytokines. Although the process of healing is continuous, it may be arbitrarily divided into four phases: (i) coagulation and haemostasis; (ii) inflammation; (iii) proliferation; and (iv) wound remodelling with scar tissue formation. The correct approach to wound management may effectively influence the clinical outcome. This review discusses wound classification, the physiology of the wound healing process and the methods used in wound management.
Pyruvate Protects the Brain Against Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury by Activating the Erythropoietin Signaling Pathway (2012)

Pyruvate activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α-EPO signaling cascade in neurons and glia could protect the brain from ischemia-reperfusion injury.
In vitro antibacterial activity of SM-7338, a carbapenem antibiotic with stability to dehydropeptidase I (1989)

SM-7338, a new carbapenem antibiotic, was demonstrated to have potent antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of aerobes, including Staphylococcus aureus, beta-hemolytic streptococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria spp., members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp., and gram-positive and gram-negative anaerobes in a collection of 1,102 unselected clinical isolates. At a concentration of 0.5 micrograms/ml, SM-7338 inhibited 90% of these strains. The spectrum of activity of ceftazidime and cefotaxime was more limited, and many of the Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp. were resistant to these agents, piperacillin, or gentamicin. A collection of ofloxacin-resistant strains was inhibited by SM-7338 or imipenem at 4 micrograms/ml. SM-7338 was more active than metronidazole and clindamycin against anaerobes. Of the carbapenems, imipenem had greater activity against staphylococci but SM-7338 was much more active against Haemophilus, Branhamella, and Neisseria spp. and all genera of Enterobacteriaceae tested. The MIC of SM-7338 for 90% of these strains ranged from less than or equal to 0.008 to 0.13 micrograms/ml. When tested against 124 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, SM-7338 inhibited 76% at 0.5 microgram/ml but imipenem inhibited only 15% at this concentration. Both carbapenems exhibited similar activities against Bacteroides spp., but SM-7338 was more active than imipenem against Clostridium spp. The MBC of SM-7338 was most commonly the same as or twice the MIC. SM-7338 and imipenem showed excellent activities against bacteria elaborating chromosome- or plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases, including those conferring resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins. The activity of SM-7338 was generally unaffected by the culture medium used, pH, 25% human serum, and inoculum size, but the susceptibility of Xanthomonas maltophilia was medium dependent.
A Comparative Study of the Generation of Dendritic Cells from Mobilized Peripheral Blood Progenitor Cells of Patients Undergoing High-Dose Chemotherapy (1999)

Immunization with ex vivo-generated, tumor antigen-loaded dendritic cells (DC) has been proposed as a strategy for reducing relapses following high-dose chemotherapy, but the ideal time and method for obtaining DC progenitors are unknown. We determined the percentage yield, phenotype, and function of DC generated over 7 days in GM-CSF and IL-4-supplemented, serum-free medium from PBMC obtained from breast cancer and lymphoma patients at the time of their initial presentation for transplant, cytokine or chemotherapy plus cytokine-mobilized leukapheresis, and following granulocyte recovery from high-dose chemotherapy. The median yield of large dendritic-like cells as a percentage of the starting number of PBMC was similar for all the mobilization strategies (11.6%-13.8%) studied and at all time points (9.9%-12.7%), except the yield was lower from the pretherapy, unmobilized peripheral blood (6.3%). The phenotype of the generated cells was similar for the various mobilization procedures, and there were no differences in allostimulatory function of the DC from any of the groups. We conclude that functional DC may be generated equally well from mobilized PBPC and PBPC obtained after high-dose chemotherapy.
Applications of toral automorphisms in image watermarking (2002)

Digital watermarking methods have been proposed for various purposes and especially for copyright protection of multimedia data. The digital watermark is embedded in a digital signal or an image and must be unrecognizable by unauthorized persons and detectable only by the legal copyright owner. We use toral automorphisms as chaotic 2-D integer vector generators in order to manipulate digital image watermarking. We propose also an embedding algorithm which provides robustness under filtering and compression.
Influence of Neighboring Base Pairs on the Stability of Single Base Bulges and Base Pairs in a DNA Fragment (1995)

Temperature-gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) was used to determine the relative thermal stabilities of 32 DNA fragments that differ by a single unpaired base (base bulge) and 17 DNAs differing by a base pair. Homologus 373 and 372 bp DNA fragments differing by a single base pair substitution or deletion were employed. Heteroduplexes containing a single base bulge were formed by melting and reannealing pairs of 372 and 373 bp DNAs. Product DNAs were separated on the basis of their thermal stability by parallel and perpendicular TGGE. The order of stability was determined for all single unpaired bases in four different nearest neighbor environments: (GXT).(AYC), (GXG).(CYC), (CXA).(TYG), and (TXT).(AYA) with X = A, T, G, or C, and Y = no base, or visa versa. DNA fragments containing a base bulge were destabilized by 2-3.6 degrees C (+/- 0.2 degrees C) with respect to homologous DNAs with complete Watson-Crick base pairing. Both the identity of the unpaired base and the sequence of the flanking base pairs influenced the degree of destabilization. The range of temperature shift correspond to estimated unfavorable free energies from 2.5 to 4.6 kcal/mol. Purine base bulges were generally not as destabilizing as pyrimidine base bulges. An unpaired base which was identical to one of its adjacent bases generally caused less destabilization than an unpaired base with an identity differing from its nearest neighbors. This implies that positional degeneracy of an unpaired base within a run of two or more identical bases is an important factor effecting stability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors preserve oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and adenosine 5'-triphosphate pools in DNA-damaged cells: mechanism of stimulation of unscheduled DNA synthesis (1983)

Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase stimulated the level of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis in DNA-damaged L1210 cells but had negligible effects in undamaged L1210 cells. The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors stimulated DNA repair synthesis after cells were exposed to high concentrations of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (68 and 136 microM) but not after exposure to low concentrations (13.6 and 34 microM). When the L1210 cells were exposed to 136 microM N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, the activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase resulted in the rapid depletion of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels and subsequent depletion of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) pools. After low doses of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (13.6 microM), there were only small decreases in NAD+ and ATP. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors prevented the rapid fall in NAD+ and ATP pools. This preservation of the ATP pool has a permissive effect on energy-dependent functions and accounts for the apparent stimulation of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. Thus, the mechanism by which poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors stimulate DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis in DNA-damaged cells appears to be mediated by their ability to prevent the drastic depletion of NAD+ pools that occurs in heavily damaged cells, thereby preserving the cells' ability to generate ATP and maintain energy-dependent processes.
Ephrin A4 expression in osteosarcoma, impact on prognosis, and patient outcome (2010)

The cytoplasmic pattern of ephrin A4 could identify a subgroup of primary osteosarcoma patients with a high liability for progression, poor prognosis, and inferior response to chemotherapy.
Molecular Genetics of Plant Disease Resistance (1995)

Plant breeders have used disease resistance genes (R genes) to control plant disease since the turn of the century. Molecular cloning of R genes that enable plants to resist a diverse range of pathogens has revealed that the proteins encoded by these genes have several features in common. These findings suggest that plants may have evolved common signal transduction mechanisms for the expression of resistance to a wide range of unrelated pathogens. Characterization of the molecular signals involved in pathogen recognition and of the molecular events that specify the expression of resistance may lead to novel strategies for plant disease control.
Efficient Differentiation of Functional Hepatocytes from Human Embryonic Stem Cells (2008)

Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to specific functional cell types can be achieved using methods that mimic in vivo embryonic developmental programs. Current protocols for generating hepatocytes from hESCs are hampered by inefficient differentiation procedures that lead to low yields and large cellular heterogeneity. We report here a robust and highly efficient process for the generation of high-purity (70%) hepatocyte cultures from hESCs that parallels sequential hepatic development in vivo. Highly enriched populations of definitive endoderm were generated from hESCs and then induced to differentiate along the hepatic lineage by the sequential addition of inducing factors implicated in physiological hepatogenesis. The differentiation process was largely uniform, with cell cultures progressively expressing increasing numbers of hepatic lineage markers, including GATA4, HNF4alpha, alpha-fetoprotein, CD26, albumin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, Cyp7A1, and Cyp3A4. The hepatocytes exhibited functional hepatic characteristics, such as glycogen storage, indocyanine green uptake and release, and albumin secretion. In a mouse model of acute liver injury, the hESC-derived definitive endoderm differentiated into hepatocytes and repopulated the damaged liver. The methodology described here represents a significant step toward the efficient generation of hepatocytes for use in regenerative medicine and drug discovery.
LOCOMOTION IN THE PRIMITIVE PULMONATE SNAILMELAMPUS BIDENTATUS: FOOT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION (1979)

The foot of Melampus is subdivided into an anterior propodium and a posterior metapodium by a permanent transverse groove. Locomotion in Melampus consists of repetition of a cycle of events that pass from posterior to anterior; this cycle has been named a crawl-step. Three stages in the crawl-step have been identified: Metapodial shortening is produced by the action of columellar muscles and this action forces blood anteriorly to extend the propodium. Metapodial lengthening is produced by muscle action within the metapodium and extends the metapodial region forward at the expense of the propodium. Propodial elevation is produced by columellar muscles and prepares the propodium to "step" forward while fluid invasion occurs in the first stage.
Inflammatory Response in Airway Epithelial Cells Isolated from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis (2002)

The concept that inflammatory gene expression is dysregulated in airway epithelial cells from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is controversial. To examine this possibility systematically, responses to inflammatory stimuli were compared in CF airway epithelial cell lines without versus with wild-type CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) complementation and in tracheobronchial epithelial cells from patients with versus without CF. Epithelial cell expression of the leukocyte adhesion glycoprotein intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and release of the neutrophil chemoattractant interleukin (IL)-8 were determined under basal conditions or after exposure to stimuli important in CF airway inflammatory responses. We found that uncorrected CF airway epithelial cell lines inconsistently expressed higher ICAM-1 and IL-8 levels. Human CF tracheobronchial epithelial cells in primary culture released moderately increased IL-8 only after exposure to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In CF cells with higher IL-8 release, transient expression of wild-type CFTR using an adenoviral vector did not specifically affect cytokine levels. The results indicate that there is considerable variability in airway epithelial cell responses to inflammatory stimuli among different individuals and cell models systems. Although increased ICAM-1 and IL-8 expression are observed in some CF airway epithelial cell models, many CF cells do not exhibit significant dysregulation of these important inflammatory genes.
Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the Mycoplasma hominis tuf gene and its flanking region (1991)

A gene from Mycoplasma horninis PG21 similar to the tuf gene encoding the elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) of Escherichia coli was cloned and sequenced, The 1193-bp open reading frame flanked by a putative promoter and a potential stem-andloop structure encoded a 44-kDa polypeptide. The tuf gene of M. hominis PG21 has the lowest G + C content seen in prokaryotes (38.2%). A gene (mhlmpl) encoding a variable surface exposed membrane protein (LMP1) was found downstream the 3' end of the tuf gene. It was found that the highly conserved tuf gene was linked to the highly variable mhlmpl gene in 26 different M. hominis strains. 2.
Four monoclonal antibodies inhibit the recognition of arylsulphatase A by the lysosomal enzyme phosphotransferase (1994)

The critical step in the sorting of lysosomal enzymes is their recognition by a phosphotransferase in the Golgi apparatus. The topogenic sequences responsible for the recognition by this enzyme have so far only been defined for the lysosomal protease cathepsin D. We have generated four monoclonal antibodies directed against lysosomal arylsulphatase A (ASA). These antibodies inhibit the recognition of ASA by the phosphotransferase in vitro and thus define a region of topogenic sequences in the ASA polypeptide. The antibodies do not interfere with the enzymic activity nor with pH-dependent dimerization of ASA. The epitopes recognized by the antibodies have been located in the second quarter of the ASA polypeptide using chimeric mouse-human ASA molecules. Three of the monoclonal antibodies bind to identical or closely adjacent epitopes, which are formed by the interaction of amino acid residues 165-184 and 202-240. The fourth antibody recognizes a different epitope within amino acids 256-265.
Characterization of dexamethasone-induced reactivation of latent bovine herpesvirus 1 (1992)

Synchronous reactivation of bovine herpesvirus type 1 in all latently infected rabbits was achieved following a single intravenous dose of dexamethasone. Reactivated latent virus was first present in ocular secretions between 48 and 72 h post-dexamethasone treatment (PT). Cell-free infectious virus, viral-antigen-containing neurons, and pathologic changes were detectable in trigeminal ganglia (TG) by 48 h PT. A shift from the viral transcriptional pattern characteristic of the latent state (latency-related RNA [LR RNA]) to one typical of that seen during acute infection was detected in a small number of neurons in latently infected TG between 15 and 18 h PT, with viral DNA first detectable by in situ hybridization at 18 to 21 h PT. The number of LR RNA-containing neurons in latently infected TG decreased significantly at 24 and 48 h PT but returned to near-normal levels by 72 h PT. Correlation of this decrease with viral reactivation suggests that altered regulation of LR RNA transcription is a significant event in the process of viral reactivation.
How can biochemical reactions within cells differ from those in test tubes? (2006)

Nonspecific interactions between individual macro-molecules and their immediate surroundings ("background interactions") within a medium as heterogeneous and highly volume occupied as the interior of a living cell can greatly influence the equilibria and rates of reactions in which they participate. Background interactions may be either repulsive, leading to preferential size-and-shape-dependent exclusion from highly volume-occupied elements of volume, or attractive, leading to nonspecific associations or adsorption. Nonspecific interactions with different constituents of the cellular interior lead to three classes of phenomena: macromolecular crowding, confinement and adsorption. Theory and experiment have established that predominantly repulsive background interactions tend to enhance the rate and extent of macromolecular associations in solution, whereas predominantly attractive background interactions tend to enhance the tendency of macromolecules to associate on adsorbing surfaces. Greater than order-of-magnitude increases in association rate and equilibrium constants attributable to background interactions have been observed in simulated and actual intracellular environments.
2,4-(Hydroxyphenyl)-ethanol, an antioxidative agent produced by Candida spp., impairs neutrophilic yeast killing in vitro (1999)

Culture supernatants of Candida albicans were examined for factors with inhibitory activity against the chemiluminescence of human neutrophils. By high resolution gel chromatography, a low-molecular-mass chemiluminescence inhibitor was isolated. The compound was identified as 2,4-(hydroxyphenyl)-ethanol. Half-maximum inhibition (IC50) of the chemiluminescence response of neutrophils phagocytizing opsonized zymosan or C. albicans occurred at 38.1 +/- 2.3 microM and 19.9 +/- 8.3 microM, respectively. As shown by flow cytometry, the compound protected C. albicans against phagocytic killing (IC50 = 73.8 +/- 16.9 microM). Substantially higher concentrations of the inhibitor were produced by C. albicans and C. tropicalis than by C. parapsilosis and C. glabrata, suggesting a potential role in pathogenicity ranking.
Oncolytic Immunovirotherapy for Melanoma Using Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (2007)

Relatively little attention has been paid to the role of virotherapy in promoting antitumor immune responses. Here, we show that CD8+ T cells are critical for the efficacy of intratumoral vesicular stomatitis virus virotherapy and are induced against both virally encoded and tumor-associated immunodominant epitopes. We tested three separate immune interventions to increase the frequency/activity of activated antitumoral T cells. Depletion of Treg had a negative therapeutic effect because it relieved suppression of the antiviral immune response, leading to early viral clearance. In contrast, increasing the circulating levels of tumor antigen-specific T cells using adoptive T cell transfer therapy, in combination with intratumoral virotherapy, generated significantly improved therapy over either adoptive therapy or virotherapy alone. Moreover, the incorporation of a tumor-associated antigen within the oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus increased the levels of activation of naïve T cells against the antigen, which translated into increased antitumor therapy. Therefore, our results show that strategies which enhance immune activation against tumor-associated antigens can also be used to enhance the efficacy of virotherapy.
Penetrating Keratoplasty Using MK-Stored Corneas and Na Hyaluronate (Healon?? (1982)

This paper studies the clinical results of 150 cases of penetrating keratoplasties using corneas preserved in McCarey-Kaufman media and Na Hyaluronate (Healon®) at the time of surgery. The 150 transplants had been performed between July 1980 and January 1982 by the author. A series of 30 grafts done between 1978 and 1979 by the staff of a medical center in which the author was one of the surgeons, was used as a control for the use of Healon®; all grafts had been preserved in MK media. Results showed 96.6% clear grafts during the first postoperative week and 97.3% clear grafts at the end of 6 months. There were five cases of primary tissue failure, but no cases of infection related to the MK-stored corneas. The use of Healon® facilitated the surgical procedure and protected the endothelium of the graft. This was evident by the extreme transparency of the graft postoperatively and its rapid return to normal thickness when compared to control grafts. No instances of inflammatory reaction to Healon® were detected, but a tendency to increased intraocular pressure was noticed if large amounts of the substance were injected into the eye. It is concluded that MK-stored corneas protect the endothelium and expand the viability of graft endothelium. The additional use of Healon® at the time of surgery facilitates the surgical procedure and provides additional protection to the endothelium of the graft.
Metal–Organic Derivatives with Fluorinated Ligands as Precursors for Inorganic Nanomaterials (2015)

SSCI-VIDE+CDFA+SMR:SDA
Irreversible Protein Kinase Inhibitors: Balancing the Benefits and Risks (2012)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPerspectiveNEXTIrreversible Protein Kinase Inhibitors: Balancing the Benefits and RisksTjeerd Barf* and Allard KapteinView Author Information Drug Discovery Unit, Covalution Pharma BV, Ravenstein, The Netherlands*Phone: +31 618 193139. E-mail, [email protected]Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2012, 55, 14, 6243–6262Publication Date (Web):May 23, 2012Publication History Received7 March 2012Published online8 June 2012Published inissue 26 July 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm3003203https://doi.org/10.1021/jm3003203review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views13870Altmetric-Citations266LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Inhibition,Inhibitors,Kinase inhibitors,Monomers,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts