gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Construction and characterization of a functional chimeric murine – human antibody directed against human fibrin fragment‐D dimer (1991)

Fibrin-directed monoclonal antibodies may be clinically useful for in vitro thrombus imaging and for the targeting of fibrinolytic agents to blood clots. One such murine monoclonal antibody, (mAb-15C5), raised against the fragment-D dimer epitope of cross-linked human fibrin, was previously characterized [Holvoet, P., Stassen, J. M., Hashimoto, Y., Spriggs, D., Devos, P. & Collen, D. (1989) Thromb. Haemostasis 61, 307-313] has recently been cloned and expressed [Vandamme, A.-M., Bulens, F., Bernar, H., Nelles, L., Lijnen, H. R. & Collen, D. (1990) Eur. J. Biochem. 192, 767-775]. In order to reduce the immunogenicity of the murine mAb-15C5 in man, we have now constructed a murine--human chimera of mAb-15C5, by substituting the cDNA sequences encoding the constant regions of the murine kappa light chain and gamma 1 heavy chain by the corresponding human genomic sequences. Both chimeric murine--human Ig chains were cloned into two separately selectable expression vectors, which were contransfected into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Murine--human chimeric mAb-15C5 (mAb-15C5Hu) was purified from the conditioned medium of selected cell lines by chromatography on Zn-chelating Sepharose, protein-A-Sepharose and on insolubilized antigen (fragment-D dimer), with a final yield of 29 micrograms/l and a recovery of 33%. SDS/PAGE without reduction revealed a homogeneous band with a mobility similar to that of natural mAb-15C5, whereas after reduction, both the heavy and the light chains had slightly slower mobilities than their natural counterparts. Expression in the presence of tunicamycin suggested that the differences in gamma 1-chain mobility were due to different N-glycosylation patterns. Immunoblotting of proteins from SDS gels showed immunological reactivity of recombinant mAb-15C5Hu with goat anti-(human IgG) IgG and of recombinant and natural murine mAb-15C5 with goat anti-(mouse IgG) IgG. Competitive binding revealed a comparable affinity of recombinant murine mAb-15C5, recombinant mAb-15C5Hu and natural mAb-15C5, for fragment-D dimer, indicating that recombinant mAb-15C5Hu was obtained in a functionally intact form. Thus, mAb-15C5Hu may constitute a useful alternative to mAb-15C5 for in vivo use in man.
Cerebral Intracellular Changes during Supercarbia: An in vivo 31P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study in Rats (1985)

31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used noninvasively to measure in vivo changes in intracellular pH and intracellular phosphate metabolites in the brains of rats during supercarbia (PaCO2 greater than or equal to 400 mm Hg). Five intubated rats were mechanically ventilated with inspired gas mixtures containing 70% CO2 and 30% O2. Supercarbia in the rat was observed to cause a greater reduction in cerebral intracellular pH (pHi) and increase in PCO2 than observed in other experiments with rats after 15 min of global ischemia. Complete neurologic and metabolic recovery was observed in these animals, despite and average decrease in pHi of 0.63 +/- 0.02 pH unit during supercarbia episodes that raised PaCO2 to 490 +/- 80 mm Hg. No change was observed in cerebral intracellular ATP and only a 25% decrease was detected in phosphocreatine. The concentration of free cerebral intracellular ADP, which can be calculated if one assumes that the creatine kinase reaction is in equilibrium, decreased to approximately one-third of its control value. The calculated threefold decrease in the concentration of free ADP and twofold increase in the cytosolic phosphorylation potential suggest that there is increased intracellular oxygenation during supercarbia. Because a more than fourfold increase in intracellular hydrogen ion concentration was tolerated without apparent clinical injury, we conclude that so long as adequate tissue oxygenation and perfusion are maintained, a severe decrease in intracellular pH need not induce or indicate brain injury.
Mechanisms of Dexmedetomidine-Induced Cerebrovascular Effects in Canine In Vivo Experiments (1995)

Dexmedetomidine decreases cerebral blood flow without significantly affecting cerebral oxygen consumption in anesthetized dogs.To assess the direct cerebrovascular effects of dexmedetomidine, we investigated the responses of vasomotor tone to topical application of dexmedetomidine to pial vessels in vivo, using a parietal cranial window. Forty-one dogs were anesthetized with pentobarbital. In 20 dogs, we topically applied six concentrations of dexmedetomidine solution (10-8, 10-7, 10 (-6), 10-5, 10-4, 10-3 M) and directly measured pial arterial and venous diameters. In 10 dogs, the inhibitory effects of pretreatment of pial vessels with 10-5 M yohimbine were examined after the application of 10-5 M dexmedetomidine. In the remaining 11 dogs, the effects of 10-3 M dexmedetomidine were evaluated in the presence of Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), glibenclamide, or propranolol. Dexmedetomidine significantly constricted pial arteries and veins in a concentration-dependent manner (10-7 M to 10-4 M; P < 0.05). Yohimbine blocked dexmedetomidine-induced constriction of pial vessels (both large and small arteries and large veins P < 0.0001; small veins P < 0.005). However, when the highest concentration of dexmedetomidine (10-3 M) was administered under the window, pial vessel diameter was not significantly altered. In the presence of glibenclamide, 10-7 and 10-3 M dexmedetomidine induced a significant decrease in pial arterial diameter compared with 10-7 and 10-3 M dexmedetomidine solution alone, respectively (P < 0.05). L-NAME or propranolol did not affect the dexmedetomidine-induced constriction. Although yohimbine, glibenclamide, or propranolol did not change pial vascular diameter, L-NAME significantly constricted both pial arteries and veins (P < 0.05). Our study demonstrates that topical application of dexmedetomidine constricts both pial arterial and venous vessels in a concentration-dependent manner. The vasoconstrictor effects of dexmedetomidine appear to be mediated via activation of alpha2-adrenoceptors, although this action is accompanied by activation of adenosine triphosphate sensitive K+-channels as a counterbalancing vasodilatory effect. The present results also suggest that the resting tone of pial arteries and veins does not depend on alpha (2-and) beta-adrenergic control, but is influenced by nitric oxide. (Anesth Analg 1995;81:1208-15)
Bacteria Associated With Colitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2009)

Human gastrointestinal (GI) tract inhabits huge amount of microorganisms which contribute to the immune response in the gut. An immune system disorder disease inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was believed to be associated with several factors including gut bacteria, immunological responses, and genetic characteristic. Yet, the etiology of the IBD is not clear. Experiments on animal models and human samples had supported that commensal bacteria play an important role in the IBD pathogenesis. To better understand the pathogenesis of IBD, in this dissertation, bacteria rRNA gene populations were examined and associations related to the disease were analyzed in mouse model and human samples. Evidences showed that several bacteria inculding Lachnospiraceae and Clostridium Ramosum were significant related to the colitis. It was not sure that those bacteria were the causal agents of the disorder in the immune system or their populations changed were the result of being targeted by the immune response disorder. Predominant bacteria in human mucosal tissue were examined in the disease sample comparing the healthy controls to address that the bacteria shift in the mucosal layer related to the IBD. Ruminococcus, also a member of Lachnospiraceae, was significant in the mucosal sample reduce in the disease subjects. A mucin-degrading bacteria Akkermansia was first found in this study related to the IBD. Faecalibacterium was only reduced specifically in Crohn's disease while keep similar lever in healthy control and Ulcerative colitis. Bacteria community two mouse model with different genetic background were investigate and different bacteria were presented in fecal and tissue samples. Overall, consistent evidence in this study indicated bacteria levels of several species were reduced in the disease because of an immune response toward bacteria in this niche. This study provided a better clue to lead a greater understanding of the etiology of the IBD.
An internal RNA element in the P3 cistron of Wheat streak mosaic virus revealed by synonymous mutations that affect both movement and replication (2005)

Multiple synonymous substitution mutations in the Wheat streak mosaic virus P3 cistron did not affect translation in vitro but rendered the virus incapable of systemic infection. Multiple synonymous substitutions in the cylindrical inclusion cistron did not alter infectivity or in vitro translation. To assess replication and movement phenotypes, P3 mutations were placed in context with a GUS reporter gene. GUS activity measured in barley protoplasts 36 h post-transfection indicated that mutants with synonymous substitutions in P3 retained the ability to replicate at 22-80 % of wild-type levels. Almost no GUS activity was detected in protoplasts transfected with a P3 frame-shift mutant. Histochemical GUS assays conducted 3 days post-inoculation (p.i.) revealed genomes with multiple synonymous substitutions in P3, which were able to establish infection foci limited to small clusters of cells that increased in size only slightly by 5 days p.i. Infection foci produced by wild-type Wheat streak mosaic virus-expressing GUS were much larger at 3 days p.i. and had coalesced by 5 days p.i. No GUS activity was detected in plants inoculated with the frame-shift mutant bearing GUS. Three of four mutants, each with a single synonymous substitution in the 3'-proximal half of the P3 cistron, were wild-type with respect to systemic infectivity. A model RNA secondary structure obtained for the region was disrupted by the debilitating single mutation but not by the other three single mutations. Collectively, these results identify an internal RNA sequence element in the P3 cistron that affects both replication and movement of the viral genome.
Articulated distance fields for ultra-fast tracking of hands interacting (2017)

The state of the art in articulated hand tracking has been greatly advanced by hybrid methods that fit a generative hand model to depth data, leveraging both temporally and discriminatively predicted starting poses. In this paradigm, the generative model is used to define an energy function and a local iterative optimization is performed from these starting poses in order to find a "good local minimum" (i.e. a local minimum close to the true pose). Performing this optimization quickly is key to exploring more starting poses, performing more iterations and, crucially, exploiting high frame rates that ensure that temporally predicted starting poses are in the basin of convergence of a good local minimum. At the same time, a detailed and accurate generative model tends to deepen the good local minima and widen their basins of convergence. Recent work, however, has largely had to trade-off such a detailed hand model with one that facilitates such rapid optimization. We present a new implicit model of hand geometry that mostly avoids this compromise and leverage it to build an ultra-fast hybrid hand tracking system. Specifically, we construct an articulated signed distance function that, for any pose, yields a closed form calculation of both the distance to the detailed surface geometry and the necessary derivatives to perform gradient based optimization. There is no need to introduce or update any explicit "correspondences" yielding a simple algorithm that maps well to parallel hardware such as GPUs. As a result, our system can run at extremely high frame rates (e.g. up to 1000fps). Furthermore, we demonstrate how to detect, segment and optimize for two strongly interacting hands, recovering complex interactions at extremely high framerates. In the absence of publicly available datasets of sufficiently high frame rate, we leverage a multiview capture system to create a new 180fps dataset of one and two hands interacting together or with objects.
Indiscriminate degradation of RNAs in interferon-treated, vaccinia virus-infected mouse L cells (1984)

In this report we used Northern blot hybridization analysis to characterize the fate of several species of viral RNA transcribed from internal and terminal regions of vaccinia DNA in interferon-treated, infected mouse L cells grown in suspension. All species of viral RNAs were expressed but were reduced in amount. Larger-sized RNAs were reduced more than smaller-sized RNAs. This reduction appears to be related to the activation of the interferon-mediated double-stranded RNA-dependent 2-5A synthetase-endoribonuclease system, as the rRNA cleavage pattern characteristic of this system was observed early in infection and in cell extracts in response to exogenous 2-5A. Thus, in interferon-treated, vaccinia-infected mouse L cells in suspension, there is indiscriminate degradation of viral and cellular RNAs, and this RNA breakdown might play a role in the interferon-mediated inhibition of protein synthesis.
Dissolution rate and stability study of flavanone aglycones, naringenin and hesperetin, by drug delivery systems based on polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanodispersions (2009)

During accelerated degradation analysis, for 3 months at high temperature and moisture, PVP nanodispersion system showed enhanced chemical compatibility and physical stability. The physical evaluation (obtained from XRD analysis) of PVP/naringenin-hesperetin (80/20, w/w) in the selected storage conditions did not show any crystallization of flavanone aglycones in the PVP nanodispersion system or any change in their release profile.
Distinct p53/56lyn and p59fyn domains associate with nonphosphorylated and phosphorylated Ig-alpha. (1994)

Among the earliest detectable events in B-cell antigen receptor-mediated signal transduction are the activation of receptor-associated Src-family tyrosine kinases and the tyrosine phosphorylation of Ig-alpha and Ig-beta receptor subunits. These kinases appear to interact with resting B-cell antigen receptor complexes primarily through the Ig-alpha chain antigen receptor homology 1 (ARH1) motif. Recent studies showed a dramatic increase in the amount of Src-family kinase p59fyn bound to Ig-alpha when ARH1 motif tyrosines were phosphorylated. To explore the submolecular basis of these interactions, we conducted mutational analysis to localize sites in p53/56lyn and p59fyn that bind nonphosphorylated and phosphorylated Ig-alpha. Here we report that distinct regions within these kinases bind nonphosphorylated and phosphorylated Ig-alpha ARH1 motifs. The N-terminal 10 residues mediate binding to the nonphosphorylated Ig-alpha ARH1 motif. Association with the phosphorylated Ig-alpha ARH1 motif is mediated by Src homology 2 domains. These findings suggest a mechanism whereby ligand-induced Ig-alpha tyrosine phosphorylation initiates a change in the orientation of an associated kinase that may alter its activity and/or access to substrates and other effectors.
A New Approach for Mutual Information Analysis of Large Dimensional Multi-Antenna Channels (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper adresses the behavior of the mutual information of correlated multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) Rayleigh channels when the numbers of transmit and receive antennas converge to <emphasis><formula formulatype="inline"> <tex>$+\infty $</tex></formula></emphasis> at the same rate. Using a new and simple approach based on PoincarÉ–Nash inequality and on an integration by parts formula, it is rigorously established that the mutual information when properly centered and rescaled converges to a standard Gaussian random variable. Simple expressions for the centering and scaling parameters are provided. These results confirm previous evaluations based on the powerful but nonrigorous replica method. It is believed that the tools that are used in this paper are simple, robust, and of interest for the communications engineering community. </para>
Pneumatically driven peristaltic micropumps utilizing serpentine-shape channels (2006)

This study presents a novel pneumatic micropump featuring a serpentine-shape (S-shape) microchannel. Fluid is driven through the device by the hydrodynamic pressure generated by the peristaltic action of membranes located at the intersections of the fluidic microchannel and the S-shape microchannel. The pneumatic micropump is fabricated in PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) using MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical-systems)-based techniques. The micropump provides an improved pumping rate and is controlled using a single electromagnetic valve (EMV) switch. The experimental results reveal that the pumping rate can be increased by increasing the operational frequency of the EMV, the pressure of the externally supplied compressed air or the number of membranes. As the compressed air travels along the S-shape microchannel, it causes the membranes to deflect. The time-phased deflection of successive membranes along the microchannel length generates a peristaltic effect which drives the fluid along the microfluidic channel. The maximum attainable pumping rate is influenced by the time interval between the deflections of adjacent membranes, and is therefore affected by the geometric characteristics of the serpentine microchannel. The back pressure of the serpentine-shape micropump is measured at a fixed peak frequency to prove its ability to overcome the fluidic resistance. The optimum operating conditions and geometric parameters of the micropump are verified experimentally. It is found that the maximum pumping rate is 7.43 µl min−1 and is provided by a micropump with seven membranes actuated by 20 psi air pressure and 9 Hz operational frequency.
In vitro production of IgE by lymphocytes from a patient with hyperimmunoglobulinaemia E, eosinophilia and increased lymphocytes carrying surface IgE. (1975)

The peripheral blood lymphocytes of a patient with massive hyperimmunoglobulinaemia E were used for in vitro studies. The serum IgE ranged from 140,000-210,000 u/ml. Peripheral blood lymphocytes had approximately 7% of cells staining for surface IgE. When these cells were cultured in vitro, IgE was produced as measured by the double antibody radioimmunoassay technique. The total IgE produced ranged from 140 to 484 units per 24 hr in different cultures. IgE production was greatest in the first 24 hr of culture and declined progressively thereafter. Some cultures still had measurable IgE at 48 hr. If the lymphocytes staining for surface IgE were the cells producing the IgE, it was estimated that between 1-7 and 2-8 molecules per cell per second were produced. No definite effect of concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen or phytohaemagglutinin on in vitro IgE production could be demonstrated under the conditions of these experiments.
Oral delivery of insulin using pH‐responsive complexation gels (1999)

The goal of oral insulin delivery devices is to protect the sensitive drug from proteolytic degradation in the stomach and upper portion of the small intestine. In this work, we investigate the use of pH-responsive, poly(methacrylic-g-ethylene glycol) hydrogels as oral delivery vehicles for insulin. Insulin was loaded into polymeric microspheres and administered orally to healthy and diabetic Wistar rats. In the acidic environment of the stomach, the gels were unswollen due to the formation of intermolecular polymer complexes. The insulin remained in the gel and was protected from proteolytic degradation. In the basic and neutral environments of the intestine, the complexes dissociated which resulted in rapid gel swelling and insulin release. Within 2 h of administration of the insulin-containing polymers, strong dose-dependent hypoglycemic effects were observed in both healthy and diabetic rats. These effects lasted for up to 8 h following administration.
Prevention of adverse drug events through computerized surveillance. (1992)

Adverse drug events (ADEs) are a serious health problem and are the leading adverse event experienced by hospitalized patients. Numerous hospitals have used different methods to improve the reporting of ADEs but few have undertaken studies aimed at the prevention of ADEs. We found that computerized ADE surveillance identified significantly more ADEs than our previous voluntary reporting method. Moreover, the computerized ADE surveillance system created a database of ADEs which allowed us to analyze the ADEs and design methods for prevention. We found that computer alerts of previously known drug allergies generated when drugs were ordered significantly reduced the number of type B ADEs, 56 vs 8 (p < 0.001). In addition, we found that the timely surveillance of ADEs combined with physician notification reduced the number of severe ADEs, 41 vs 12 (p < 0.001). Initial analysis of the ADE database has shown that on average patients with type B ADEs are hospitalized longer (17 vs 14 days) and have larger hospitalization costs ($30,617 vs $23,256) than patients with type A ADEs. Patients with severe ADEs also are hospitalized longer (20 vs 13 days) and have larger hospitalization costs ($38,007 vs $22,474) than patients with moderate ADEs. This indicates that the prevention and early treatment of ADEs can reduce the length of hospitalization and result in a considerable cost savings to the hospital.
Sensitivity of human KB cells expressing platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor to pyrimidine antimetabolites. (1993)

Thymidine phosphorylase (dThdPase) is an enzyme involved in pyrimidine nucleoside metabolism. However, little is known about its physiological functions. We previously purified dThdPase from human placenta, isolated a complementary DNA clone for this enzyme, and sequenced it. There was complete sequence identity between 120 amino acids of human dThdPase and the sequence of platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF). Human KB epidermal carcinoma cells transfected with platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor complementary DNA expressed a 55-kDa protein that was detected with anti-dThdPase antibody and the cell lysate had dThdPase activity. The sensitivity of transfected cells to the antimetabolites was compared with that of untransfected KB cells. The sensitivity of the transfected cells to Doxifluridine (5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine) was higher than that of untransfected KB cells. Transfected cells were also more sensitive to Tegafur than untransfected KB cells. These results demonstrate that dThdPase is involved in the activation of these anticancer agents. Since many cancer tissues contain high dThdPase activity compared with normal tissues, these transfected and untransfected KB cells are useful for studying the role of dThdPase in the activation of pyrimidine antimetabolites and also in angiogenesis.