gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Layer by Layer Three-dimensional Tissue Epitaxy by Cell-Laden Hydrogel Droplets (2009)

The ability to bioengineer three-dimensional (3D) tissues is a potentially powerful approach to treat diverse diseases such as cancer, loss of tissue function, or organ failure. Traditional tissue engineering methods, however, face challenges in fabricating 3D tissue constructs that resemble the native tissue microvasculature and microarchitectures. We have developed a bioprinter that can be used to print 3D patches of smooth muscle cells (5 mm x 5 mm x 81 microm) encapsulated within collagen. Current inkjet printing systems suffer from loss of cell viability and clogging. To overcome these limitations, we developed a system that uses mechanical valves to print high viscosity hydrogel precursors containing cells. The bioprinting platform that we developed enables (i) printing of multilayered 3D cell-laden hydrogel structures (16.2 microm thick per layer) with controlled spatial resolution (proximal axis: 18.0 +/- 7.0 microm and distal axis: 0.5 +/- 4.9 microm), (ii) high-throughput droplet generation (1 s per layer, 160 droplets/s), (iii) cell seeding uniformity (26 +/- 2 cells/mm(2) at 1 million cells/mL, 122 +/- 20 cells/mm(2) at 5 million cells/mL, and 216 +/- 38 cells/mm(2) at 10 million cells/mL), and (iv) long-term viability in culture (>90%, 14 days). This platform to print 3D tissue constructs may be beneficial for regenerative medicine applications by enabling the fabrication of printed replacement tissues.
Improved Orange and Red Ca2+ Indicators and Photophysical Considerations for Optogenetic Applications (2013)

We have used protein engineering to expand the palette of genetically encoded calcium ion (Ca(2+)) indicators to include orange and improved red fluorescent variants, and validated the latter for combined use with optogenetic activation by channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2). These indicators feature intensiometric signal changes that are 1.7- to 9.7-fold improved relatively to the progenitor Ca(2+) indicator, R-GECO1. In the course of this work, we discovered a photoactivation phenomenon in red fluorescent Ca(2+) indicators that, if not appreciated and accounted for, can cause false-positive artifacts in Ca(2+) imaging traces during optogenetic activation with ChR2. We demonstrate, in both a beta cell line and slice culture of developing mouse neocortex, that these artifacts can be avoided by using an appropriately low intensity of blue light for ChR2 activation.
Synthesis and mass spectrometry of some structurally related nicotinoids (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and mass spectrometry of some structurally related nicotinoidsDavid F. Glenn and William B. Edwards IIICite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 14, 2860–2870Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00408a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00408a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views304Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Novel Cytokine-independent Induction of Endothelial Adhesion Molecules Regulated by Platelet/Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (CD31) (1997)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1, and endotoxin stimulate the expression of vascular endothelial cell (EC) adhesion molecules. Here we describe a novel pathway of adhesion molecule induction that is independent of exogenous factors, but which is dependent on integrin signaling and cell-cell interactions. Cells plated onto gelatin, fibronectin, collagen or fibrinogen, or anti-integrin antibodies, expressed increased amounts of E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1. In contrast, ECs failed to express E-selectin when plated on poly-L-lysine or when plated on fibrinogen in the presence of attachment-inhibiting, cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp peptides. The duration and magnitude of adhesion molecule expression was dependent on EC density. Induction of E-selectin on ECs plated at confluent density was transient and returned to basal levels by 15 h after plating when only 7 +/- 2% (n = 5) of cells were positive. In contrast, cells plated at low density displayed a 17-fold greater expression of E-selectin than did high density ECs with 57 +/- 4% (n = 5) positive for E-selectin expression 15 h after plating, and significant expression still evident 72 h after plating. The confluency-dependent inhibition of expression of E-selectin was at least partly mediated through the cell junctional protein, platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1). Antibodies against PECAM-1, but not against VE-cadherin, increased E-selectin expression on confluent ECs. Co- culture of subconfluent ECs with PECAM-1- coated beads or with L cells transfected with full-length PECAM-1 or with a cytoplasmic truncation PECAM-1 mutant, inhibited E-selectin expression. In contrast, untransfected L cells or L cells transfected with an adhesion-defective domain 2 deletion PECAM-1 mutant failed to regulate E-selectin expression. In an in vitro model of wounding the wound front displayed an increase in the number of E-selectin-expressing cells, and also an increase in the intensity of expression of E-selectin positive cells compared to the nonwounded monolayer. Thus we propose that the EC junction, and in particular, the junctional molecule PECAM-1, is a powerful regulator of endothelial adhesiveness.
3′5′-Diiodothyronine to 3′-Monoiodothyronine Conversion in the Fed and Fasted Rat: Enzyme Characteristics and Evidence for Two Distinct 5′-Deiodinases* (1981)

The present study investigated the 5′-monodeiodination of 3′5′-diiodothyronine (3′,5′T2) to 3′-monoiodothyronine (3′T1), a reaction involving deiodination at the same position as is needed for T4 to T3 and for rT3 to 3,3′-diiodothyronine (3,3′T2) conversion. 3′5′T2 to 3′T1 conversion appears to be enzymatic in nature, being dependent on temperature and pH. Consistent with previous observations for T4 and rT3, 3′5′T2 5′-deiodination occurred primarily in the liver and kidney, but, unlike these other iodothyronines, 3′5′T2 to 3′T1 conversion was active in cytosol as well as in microsomes. Characteristics of the microsomal enzymatic activity included heat inactivation (56 C), a broad pH plateau (pH 4.9–7.6), and an apparent Km of 8.6 × 10-9 M. Cytosolic activity occurred with a narrower pH peak (pH 5–6.5), and had a different apparent Km of 2.4 × 10-7 M. The activity of both subcellular enzymes was inhibited by iopanoic acid and propylthiouracil. Dithiothreitol, while stimulating a 5-to 7-fold increase in microsomal 3′5′T2 5′-deiodination, produced less than a 2-fold increase in cytosol activity. Fasting, a condition known to inhibit both T4 and rT3 5′-deiodination, produced a 68% decrease (1.16 ± 0.29 vs. 3.61 ± 0.97 ng/mg protein; mean ± SE) in hepatic T4 to T3 conversion, yet had no effect on 3′,5′T2 to 3′T1 conversion in rat liver or kidney homogenates. Cellular fractionation studies indicated that liver microsomal 3′,5′T2 deiodination was diminished by 46% (71.6 ± 19.8 vs. 131.6 ± 14.4 pg/mg protein; P < 0.025) after a 3-day fast, whereas cytosol activity was unchanged (23.7 ± 10.2 vs. 22.8 ± 4.9 pg/mg protein). Treatment with T4 (0.8 μg/100 g BW·day) failed to correct the reduced 3′,5′T2 5′-deiodinase activity in microsomes from fasted rats [79.7 ± 17.4 (fasted) vs. 311.9 ± 33.8 (control) pg/mg protein P < 0.001]. However, the addition of 5 mM dithiothreitol to the incubation medium increased hepatic microsomal 5′-deiodinase activity for 3′5′T2 7- and 12-fold in the fed and fasted animals, respectively. These results indicate that: 1) 3′5′T2 to 3′T1 conversion proceeds enzymatically in liver and kidney, 2) enzyme activities having different kinetics exist in both microsomes and cytosol, 3) fasting inhibits 3′5′T2 deiodination in microsomes but not in homogenates or cytosol, and 4) microsomal activity is restored by a sulfhydryl group-reducing agent, but not by physiological doses of T4. The data strongly suggest the existence of more than one 3′5′T2 5′-deiodinase in rat liver and kidney.
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF NEW REDOX POLYMERS BASED ON COPPER CONTAINING UNITS; EVIDENCE FOR THE PARTICIPATION OF COPPER IN Tl;i!E ELECTRON TRANSFER MECHANISM (1991)

New electroactive polymers based on copper(ll) containing units have been prepared by electrooxida­ tion of mononuclear copper(ll) complexes and found to exhibit the electrochemical features of the Cu(II)/Cu(lll) system included.
Testosterone Control of Serum Levels of C4-Binding Protein in Mice (1978)

Summary Sex hormones control variations in the serum levels of C4-binding protein (C4-bp) in mice. The levels of C4-bp in castrated males are decreased as compared to the sham-operated controls. Castrated females injected with testosterone have higher levels of C4-bp than those injected with the vehicle alone. Effective “masculinization” of castrated females, with respect to C4-bp levels, was achieved by periodic inoculations of testosterone, and “feminization” of males was obtained by orchidectomy. In this regard, C4-bp behaves like other C components (C4, C5, C6) whose serum levels are strongly influenced by sex hormones.
Protein kinase inhibitor prevents pulmonary edema in response to H2O2 (1989)

We investigated the effect of H2O2 (92 microM) in isolated guinea pig lungs perfused with a buffered Ringer solution. Pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa), pulmonary capillary pressure (Ppc), and change in lung weight (delta W) were recorded at 0 min and at 15, 30, and 60 min after the H2O2. The capillary filtration coefficient (Kfc) was measured at 0 and 30 min. The perfusion of H2O2 increased the Ppa, Ppc, delta W, and Kfc. The thromboxane synthetase inhibitor Dazoxiben, or the vasodilator papaverine, prevented the increases in Ppa and Ppc. The protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor H7 [1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride] prevented the increases in Ppa, Ppc, delta W, and Kfc, whereas the inactive isoquinoline HA1004 [N-(2-guanidinoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide hydrochloride] had little effect on the H2O2 response. H2O2 increased the number of stress fibers and disrupted the peripheral band of cultured confluent endothelial cells, changes that were prevented with pretreatment with H7. PKC may mediate the increases in vascular permeability and pulmonary edema that occur in response to H2O2.
Analysis of Chemical Vapor Deposition of Boron (1984)

A one‐dimensional model has been developed which describes the interactions among hydrodynamics, multicomponent heat and mass transfer, and reaction kinetics for chemical vapor deposition of boron from boron trichloride using an impinging jet apparatus. The analysis includes variable physical properties and finite interfacial velocity and has provision for simultaneous homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions. Comparison of theoretical predictions with experimental data suggests that decomposition of on the surface can control the deposition rate. The model also indicates that homogeneous production of has a significant effect on the process.
Quantization distortion in block transform-compressed data (1995)

Summary form only given, as follows. The JPEG image compression standard is an example of a block transform-based compression scheme; the image is systematically subdivided into blocks that are individually transformed, quantized, and encoded. The compression is achieved by quantizing the transformed data, reducing the data entropy and thus facilitating efficient encoding. Block transform compression schemes exhibit sharp discontinuities at data block boundaries: this phenomenon is a visible manifestation of the compression quantization distortion. For example, in compression algorithms such as JPEG these blocking effects manifest themselves visually as discontinuities between adjacent 8×8 pixel image blocks. In general the distortion characteristics of block transform-based compression techniques are understandable in terms of the properties of the transform basis functions and the transform coefficient quantization error. In particular, the blocking effects exhibited by JPEG are explained by two simple observations demonstrated in this work: a disproportionate fraction of the total quantization error accumulates on block edge pixels; and the quantization errors among pixels within a compression block are highly correlated, while the quantization errors between pixels in separate blocks are uncorrelated. A generic model of block transform compression quantization noise is introduced, applied to synthesized and real one and two dimensional data using the DCT as the transform basis, and results of the model are shown to predict distortion patterns observed in data compressed with JPEG.
Serum interleukin-2 and soluble interleukin-2 receptor in renal transplant recipients. (1992)

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), released during T-lymphocyte activation, were measured in serial samples of serum from 32 patients with renal allografts and other uremic patients. Patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis had elevated sIL-2R levels (1,801.93 +/- 753.23 U/mL) which dropped after stable renal transplantation (822 +/- 438 u/mL). However, these values were higher than those of a normal control group (397.3 +/- 84.5 u/mL, p < 0.01). Marked elevation of sIL-2R (1,503.78 +/- 640 u/mL) was noted in patients with acute rejection episodes compared to those in a stable allograft condition (p < 0.02) and those with cyclosporine nephrotoxicity (793.2 +/- 245.2 u/mL, p < 0.01), but returned to a stable level after successful anti-rejection treatment (745.91 +/- 345.8 u/mL, p < 0.01). Acute tubular necrosis and infection also showed a comparable rise in the sIL-2R level. The increase in sIL-2R with rejection was found one to four days earlier than the clinical diagnosis of acute rejection. There was a marked rise in the serum IL-2 level of uremic and post-transplant patients when compared to normal subjects (34.76 +/- 32.16 u/mL and 9.3 +/- 12.7 u/mL vs 4.38 +/- 3.38 u/mL, p < 0.001), but no significant differences were found between the IL-2 level of patients with acute rejection and cyclosporine nephrotoxicity or acute tubular necrosis (3.74 +/- 4.51 u/mL, 1.57 +/- 1.25 u/mL and 6.73 +/- 6.3 u/mL, p > 0.05). The diagnostic value of sIL-2R assay was more meaningful than that of IL-2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cloning, sequencing and bacterial expression of human glycine tRNA synthetase (1995)

The human glycine tRNA synthetase gene (GlyRS) has been cloned and sequenced. The 2462 bp cDNA for this gene contains a large open reading frame (ORF) encoding 685 amino acids with predicted M(r) = 77,507 Da. The protein sequence has approximately 60% identity with B. mori GlyRS and 45% identity with S. cerevisiae GlyRS and contains motifs 2 and 3 characteristic of Class II tRNA synthetases. A second ORF encoding 47 amino acids is found upstream of the large ORF. Translation of this ORF may precede the expression of GlyRS as a possible regulatory mechanism. The enzyme was expressed in E. coli as a fusion protein with a 13 kDa biotinylated tag with an apparent M(r) = 90 kDa. The fusion protein was immunoprecipitated from crude bacterial extract with human EJ serum, which contains autoantibodies directed against GlyRS, and with rabbit polyclonal serum raised against a synthetic peptide derived from the predicted amino acid sequence of human GlyRS. Bacterial extract containing the fusion protein catalyses the aminoacylation of bovine tRNA with [14C]-gly at 10-fold increased level above normal bacterial extract and confirms that the cDNA encodes human GlyRS.
Efficient Computation of the Minimum Hausdorff Distance for Visual Recognition (1994)

We have developed a method, using the minimum Hausdorff distance, for visually locating an object in an image. This method is very reliable, and fast enough for real-world applications.
A visual recognition system takes an image and a model of an object which may occur in that image; these images and models are composed of features (points, line segments, etc.). The system locates instances of the model in the image by determining transformations of the model which bring a large number of model features close to image features. One of the unique strengths of the Hausdorff distance is the reverse distance which reduces the frequency of erroneous matching between a model and a cluttered portion of the image.
The Hausdorff distance is a measure defined between two point sets representing a model and an image. Its properties make it attractive for model-based recognition; one of these properties is that the Hausdorff distance is a metric. The minimum Hausdorff distance is used to find a transformation of the model which brings it into closest correspondence with the image. This can be done by searching over a space of allowable transformations. In some cases, the minimum Hausdorff distance is also a metric. The Hausdorff distance can be modified so that it is reliable even when the image contains multiple objects, noise, spurious features, and occlusions.
We construct lower bounds which show that finding the exact transformation that minimises the Hausdorff distance may be quite expensive. We develop a rasterised approach to the search and a number of techniques which allow this search to be performed efficiently. The principal search technique used is transformation space subdivision. The space of transformations is searched in a tree-like fashion: a large region is examined as a unit, and if the results of this examination are good, it is subdivided and each of the subregions examined in turn; if the results are not good, then the region is discarded.
We discuss some implementations of this approach, together with their applications to practical problems such as motion tracking and mobile robot navigation.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor and Its Receptor Are Expressed in Cardiac Myocytes During Early Cardiogenesis (1996)

In the mouse, the heart primordium arises when mesoderm is set aside during gastrulation, is induced by pharyngeal endoderm, migrates ventrally to the midline of the embryo, forms a tube, and begins beating. Little is known of the molecular mechanisms that mediate the determination, mitosis, differentiation, and migration that lead to the beating heart. Transcripts for hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF) and its receptor are coexpressed transiently and dynamically in the premyocardium but not in other heart progenitor cells. Transcripts the HGF ligand and receptor are first detected before cardiac function and looping and persist through the first looping stage, when heart morphology begins to elaborate. HGF ligand and receptor mRNA are detectable after the putative heart transcription factor, Csx/Nkx2-5, and concomitantly with the heart structural gene, cardiac actin. HGF receptor mRNA is detected in the mesoderm of the headfold stage and persists in myocardial precursors of the ventricles and atria (but not in the outflow-tract smooth muscle cells) through the 14-somite stage at approximately 8.75 days after fertilization (day E8.75). At the headfold stage, between E7.5 and E8.0, HGF receptor mRNA was detected in myocardial cells before fusion at the ventral midline. HGF ligand and receptor mRNA transcripts are coexpressed in the embryo, except in the headfold state (when only the HGF receptor can be detected) and in the heart at the 14- to 18-somite stage (when only HGF ligand can be detected). The dynamic pattern of coexpression suggests an autoregulatory role for HGF and its receptor in early heart development.
A challenge to managers: five ways to improve employee morale. Вызов менеджерам: пять способов улучшения морали служащего (1995)

Обсуждается проблема повышения моральных качеств и трудовой мотивации работников. Предлагается пять способов улучшения морали служащего: социальные мероприятия - пикники и вечеринки; признание служащего, которое включает вознаграждения, продвижение по службе и выражение благодарности; продолжение образования, например, симпозиумы и конференции; встречи служащих, такие, как форумы обсуждения, мозговой штурм и др., а также наделение полномочиями, основанное на механизме максимального вовлечения в рабочий процесс путем повышения ответственности служащего.
Clostridium sticklandii, a specialist in amino acid degradation:revisiting its metabolism through its genome sequence (2010)

Analysis of the C. sticklandii genome and additional experimental procedures have improved our understanding of anaerobic amino acid degradation. Several specific metabolic features have been detected, some of which are very unusual for anaerobic fermenting bacteria. Comparative genomics has provided the opportunity to study the lifestyle of pathogenic and non-pathogenic clostridial species as well as to elucidate the difference in metabolic features between clostridia and other anaerobes.
Quantitative planar imaging method for measurement of renal activity by using a conjugate‐emission image and transmission data (2000)

We are proposing a method to accurately measure renal activity in renography using Tc-99m labeled tracers. This method uses a conjugate-view image and transmission data for attenuation correction, the triple energy window (TEW) method for scatter correction, and background correction techniques that consider the source volume for accurate background activity correction. To examine this method in planar imaging, we performed two renal phantom studies with various uniform background activity concentrations. One study used two ideal box-shaped kidney phantoms with a thickness of 2 or 4 cm in a water tank and the other study employed two real kidney-shaped phantoms in a fillable abdominal cavity. For these studies the kidney phantom-to-background activity concentration ratio (S) was changed from 5 to infinity. The transmission data were obtained with an external Tc-99m line array source. The anterior- and posterior-view emission images were acquired with a dual-headed gamma camera simultaneously and the TEW method was used to correct scatter for the emission and transmission images. The results showed that this method with both the accurate background correction and scatter correction could give depth-independent count rates and could estimate the true count rate with errors of less than 5% for all S values. However, if either accurate background correction or scatter correction was performed alone, the absolute error increased to about 50% for the smaller S values. Our proposed method allows one to accurately and simply measure the renal radioactivity by planar imaging using the conjugate-emission image and transmission data.