gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the xylose-transporting properties of yeast hexose transporters and their influence on xylose utilization (2002)

For an economically feasible production of ethanol from plant biomass by microbial cells, the fermentation of xylose is important. As xylose uptake might be a limiting step for xylose fermentation by recombinant xylose-utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells a study of xylose uptake was performed. After deletion of all of the 18 hexose-transporter genes, the ability of the cells to take up and to grow on xylose was lost. Reintroduction of individual hexose-transporter genes in this strain revealed that at intermediate xylose concentrations the yeast high- and intermediate-affinity transporters Hxt4, Hxt5, Hxt7 and Gal2 are important xylose-transporting proteins. Several heterologous monosaccharide transporters from bacteria and plant cells did not confer sufficient uptake activity to restore growth on xylose. Overexpression of the xylose-transporting proteins in a xylose-utilizing PUA yeast strain did not result in faster growth on xylose under aerobic conditions nor did it enhance the xylose fermentation rate under anaerobic conditions. The results of this study suggest that xylose uptake does not determine the xylose flux under the conditions and in the yeast strains investigated.
Oligodendrocyte PTEN is required for myelin and axonal integrity, not remyelination (2010)

These studies indicate adverse effects of chronic Pten inactivation (and by extension, activation PI-3K signaling) on myelinating oligodendrocytes and their axonal targets. We conclude that PTEN function in oligodendrocytes is required to regulate myelin thickness and preserve axon integrity. In contrast, PTEN is dispensable during myelin repair, and its inactivation confers no detectable benefit.
The myelodysplastic syndromes: biology and implications for management. (1990)

Since the initial efforts to characterize the myelodysplastic syndromes in 1976, an extensive body of information has accumulated defining biologic features and the relation to clinical aspects of disease. While the pathogenesis of these disorders remains incompletely understood, laboratory investigations indicate that they are clonal disorders affecting hematopoietic stem cells characterized by a progressive imbalance between self-renewal and differentiation. Despite karyotypic resemblance to acute myeloid leukemia, fundamental biologic differences may underly the disappointing results achieved to date with intensive chemotherapy. The recent availability of recombinant hematopoietic growth factors for use in clinical trials has shown that the maturation defect in many instances can be overcome with administration of lineage-restricted recombinant hematopoietins. Routine use of these promising agents must await results of randomized clinical trials to determine the impact of prolonged treatment on leukemic evolution and disease-related morbidity.
Therapeutic effect and toxicity of adriamycin in patients with neoplastic disease (1971)

Adriamycin is a hydroxymethyl analog of daunorubicin with antitumor effect in man. We have studied 86 patients: 44 with acute leukemia (27 children and 17 adults), and 42 solid tumors (20 children and 22 adults). Objective response was seen in 1 of 1 Wilms' tumor, 5 of 8 neuroblastomas, 2 of 3 Ewing's sarcomas, 4 of 5 reticulum cell sarcomas; 3 of 9 osteogenic sarcomas, 3 of 6 bronchogenic carcinomas, and 1 of 1 lymphosarcoma. Complete remission (M-1 marrow) was seen in 1 of 14 acute myelocytic leukemias. Of 30 acute lymphocytic leukemias, 5 had complete and 1 had partial remission. Responses lasted from 0.25 months to 10+ months with a median of 3 months. Except for patients with osteogenic sarcomas and bronchogenic carcinomas, all received prior chemotherapy. Major toxicity of adriamycin included granulocytopenia, lymphocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, marrow hypoplasia, stomatitis, vomiting, and alopecia. Activity of adriamycin in these patients with advanced disease supports its exploration in patients earlier in their therapeutic course.
Expression of c‐KIT and Its Ligand, Stem Cell Factor, in Normal and Subfertile Human Testicular Tissue (1996)

The c-KIT proto-oncogene encodes for a transmembrane receptor and is associated with maturation of several cell types, including germ cells. The ligand of the receptor has been identified as stem cell factor (SCF). Loss or alteration of the expression of either of these factors leads to anemia, albinism, and/or sterility in mice. We examined the expression of c-KIT and SCF by immunohistochemistry in specimens from normal and infertile human testis. All specimens were obtained in the evaluation of male subfertility. We were able to demonstrate staining for c-KIT in Leydig cells in all specimens. Normal testis stained for c-KIT in the cytoplasm of early spermatogenic cells, as well as the acrosomal granules of the round spermatids and the acrosome of testicular spermatozoa. However, staining in testis demonstrating maturation arrest failed to demonstrate acrosomal staining, and Sertoli-only specimens demonstrated staining for c-KIT in Leydig cells only. The results for SCF demonstrated an overall uniform staining of Leydig cells in all specimens. The intensity of staining of Sertoli cells increased from normal to maturation arrest to Sertoli-only specimens. Germ cell staining was consistently negative. We hypothesize that these staining patterns for SCF are due to either lack of staining of the receptor-ligand complex or overexpression of the kit ligand in tissue that does not express the kit receptor. It appears that the c-kit receptor is expressed in the acrosome of developing germ cells, as well as in Leydig cells and early spermatogenic cells, suggesting a role in the acrosome reaction, as well as germ cell maturation and differentiation.
Ad Hoc Table Retrieval using Semantic Similarity (2018)

We introduce and address the problem of ad hoc table retrieval: answering a keyword query with a ranked list of tables. This task is not only interesting on its own account, but is also being used as a core component in many other table-based information access scenarios, such as table completion or table mining. The main novel contribution of this work is a method for performing semantic matching between queries and tables. Specifically, we (i) represent queries and tables in multiple semantic spaces (both discrete sparse and continuous dense vector representations) and (ii) introduce various similarity measures for matching those semantic representations. We consider all possible combinations of semantic representations and similarity measures and use these as features in a supervised learning model. Using a purpose-built test collection based on Wikipedia tables, we demonstrate significant and substantial improvements over a state-of-the-art baseline.
Inhibiting aberrant Stat3 function with molecular therapeutics (2010)

Aberrantly activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) protein plays a master regulatory role in the progression and survival of human cancers through the upregulation of target protooncogenes. Numerous human cancers, including breast, ovarian, prostate, leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and brain cancers have been shown to harbor constitutively active Stat3 protein resulting in the expression of protooncogenes. The transcriptionally active Stat3-Stat3 protein homodimer has been extensively targeted as a means to suppress the aberrant Stat3 function in human cancer. This review will outline the recent progress made toward identifying drug-like compounds capable of effectively inhibiting aberrant Stat3 signaling through the disruption of Stat3 protein-protein interactions.
EWOD actuation with electrode-free cover plate (2005)

A new configuration of electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) actuations with electrode-free cover plates is presented. By removing electrodes from one plate, the device becomes more flexible for system development, broadening the choice of sensing mechanisms. Simple devices with various coplanar electrodes on a single side are used to measure contact angles and assess droplet movements. Contact angle changes with respect to applied voltages are in good agreement with our simple analytical model. Droplet moving devices demonstrate successful actuation of droplets (/spl sim/0.1 /spl mu/l) in the gap between the plates with coplanar electrodes and the other with no electrode. Droplet cutting and merging are demonstrated to establish the fundamental fluidic operations with this new configuration. EWOD actuation on an open surface with removed top plate is also demonstrated.
Development of dementing illnesses in an 80‐year‐old volunteer cohort (1989)

We have prospectively followed over a 5-year period 434 volunteers who were at intake ambulatory, functional, presumably nondemented, and between 75 and 85 years of age. Fifty-six (an incidence of 3.53 per 100 person-years at risk) developed a progressive dementia: 32 met diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease (AD) (an incidence of 2.0 per 100 person-years at risk), 15 had vascular or mixed dementia, and 9 had other disorders or remain undiagnosed. New cases of dementia were as common as myocardial infarction and twice as common as stroke. Risk factors for both dementia and AD were age (over 80) and gender (female); other reported risk factors such as family history, prior head injury, thyroid disease, maternal age, and smoking were not risk factors for AD in this elderly cohort. Prior stroke was the major risk factor for vascular or mixed dementia; diabetes and left ventricular hypertrophy but not a history of hypertension per se were also risk factors for vascular dementia. The major predictor of the development of AD was the mental status score on entry. The 58.5% of the cohort who made zero to two errors on a 33-item mental status test had a less than 0.6% per year chance of developing AD, whereas the 16% of the cohort with five to eight errors on this test developed AD at a rate of over 12% per year. Thus, it is possible to identify a large cohort of 80-year-olds who are at low risk for AD and a smaller cohort at very high risk.
Sequential phosphorylation of Nedd1 by Cdk1 and Plk1 is required for targeting of the γTuRC to the centrosome (2009)

Nedd1 is a new member of the gamma-tubulin ring complex (gammaTuRC) and targets the gammaTuRC to the centrosomes for microtubule nucleation and spindle assembly in mitosis. Although its role is known, its functional regulation mechanism remains unclear. Here we report that the function of Nedd1 is regulated by Cdk1 and Plk1. During mitosis, Nedd1 is firstly phosphorylated at T550 by Cdk1, which creates a binding site for the polo-box domain of Plk1. Then, Nedd1 is further phosphorylated by Plk1 at four sites: T382, S397, S637 and S426. The sequential phosphorylation of Nedd1 by Cdk1 and Plk1 promotes its interaction with gamma-tubulin for targeting the gammaTuRC to the centrosome and is important for spindle formation. Knockdown of Plk1 by RNAi decreases Nedd1 phosphorylation and attenuates Nedd1 accumulation at the spindle pole and subsequent gamma-tubulin recruitment at the spindle pole for microtubule nucleation. Taken together, we propose that the sequential phosphorylation of Nedd1 by Cdk1 and Plk1 plays a pivotal role in targeting gammaTuRC to the centrosome by promoting the interaction of Nedd1 with the gammaTuRC component gamma-tubulin, during mitosis.
Reversible unfolding of fibronectin type III and immunoglobulin domains provides the structural basis for stretch and elasticity of titin and fibronectin. (1994)

The elastic protein titin comprises a tandem array of fibronectin type III and immunoglobulin domains, which are structurally similar 7-strand beta-sandwiches. A proposed mechanism for stretching titin, by sequential denaturation of individual fibronectin type III-immunoglobulin domains in response to applied tension, is analyzed here quantitatively. The folded domain is approximately 4 nm long, and the unraveled polypeptide can extend to 29 nm, providing a 7-fold stretch over the relaxed length. Elastic recoil is achieved by refolding of the denatured domains when the force is released. The critical force required to denature a domain is calculated to be 3.5-5 pN, based on a net free energy for denaturation of 7-14 kcal/mol, plus 5 kcal/mol to extend the polypeptide (1 cal = 4.184 J). This force is comparable to the 2- to 7-pN force generated by single myosin or kinesin molecules. The force needed to pull apart a noncovalent protein-protein interface is estimated here to be 10-30 pN, implying that titin will stretch internally before the molecule is pulled from its attachment at the Z band. Many extracellular matrix and cell adhesion molecules, such as fibronectin, contain tandem arrays of fibronectin type III domains. Both single molecules and matrix fibers should have elastic properties similar to titin.
Responsive DNA‐Based Hydrogels and Their Applications (2013)

The term hydrogel describes a type of soft and wet material formed by cross-linked hydrophilic polymers. The distinct feature of hydrogels is their ability to absorb a large amount of water and swell. The properties of a hydrogel are usually determined by the chemical properties of their constituent polymer(s). However, a group of hydrogels, called "smart hydrogels," changes properties in response to environmental changes or external stimuli. Recently, DNA or DNA-inspired responsive hydrogels have attracted considerable attention in construction of smart hydrogels because of the intrinsic advantages of DNA. As a biological polymer, DNA is hydrophilic, biocompatible, and highly programmable by Watson-Crick base pairing. DNA can form a hydrogel by itself under certain conditions, and it can also be incorporated into synthetic polymers to form DNA-hybrid hydrogels. Functional DNAs, such as aptamers and DNAzymes, provide additional molecular recognition capabilities and versatility. In this Review, DNA-based hydrogels are discussed in terms of their stimulus response, as well as their applications.
Negative-tone resist system using vinyl cyclic acetal crosslinker (1996)

Most high performance negative tone resists are chemically amplified systems. The chemistry involves a creation of acid during photo-exposure and subsequent crosslinking of the polymer matrix during post-exposure bake. The commonly used crosslinkers are epoxies, melamines, benzyl alcohol and benzyl acetates. In light of the high reactivity of vinyl group on vinyl ether type compounds, literature has suggested that photochemical addition reaction of a polymer- bearing pendant vinyl ether with various thiol compounds can potentially be highly sensitive negative-type photoresists. Recently, bis-dihydropyrane derivative has been used for the first time to develop high performance negative tone resists for DUV, E-beam and x-ray applications. A cyclic acetal system based on acetal blocked aromatic aldehyde has also been demonstrated to be a good crosslinker for negative DUV resist. In order to take advantage of the above chemistries, we have investigated a crosslinker, 3,9-divinylspirobi(M-dioxane) (DVSDO), which contains both cyclic acetal groups and vinyl groups. Different loadings of DVSDO from 8% to 17% were formulated in combination with triphenyl sulfonyl triflate and N-sulfonyl triflate derivatives in polyhydroxystyrene matrix. One composition contains 8% N- sulfonyloxy derivative, 12% DVSDO in 20% solid of polyhydroxystyrene has shown resolution to 0.35 micrometer from Canon 0.37 NA DUV stepper. It also shows promising resolution in E-beam lithography. Varying the post apply bake (PAB) temperatures and post exposure bake temperatures (PEB) demonstrate a great dependency of sensitivity to baking temperature. The sensitivity increases with decreasing PAB, while decreases with decreasing PEB. Insufficient baking time (less than 4 - 5 minutes) at lower PEB temperature 90 degrees Celsius causes significant film loss after development in 0.14N TMAH for 60 - 75s. On the other hand, when the PEB temperature is too high (greater than 120 degrees Celsius), the resist's resolution is degraded. Recent literature report has shown that high resolution can be achieved on negative resist system by raising PAB temperature. However, most of the known resist systems cannot tolerate high temperature, due to background crosslinking. The crosslinker, DVSDO, introduced in this paper seems to have higher heat resistance toward thermal induced background crosslinking. The resist formulated here can tolerate 140 degrees Celsius bake without seeing residues on the unexposed area. In this paper, we also discuss some IR studies on the crosslinking mechanism in addition to the lithographic evaluation.
Sampled dynamic holographic memory (1992)

We report the experimental demonstration of a photorefractive dynamic holographic memory that has a simple feedback architecture stabilized through a novel spatial sampling technique. By using dynamic copying to compensate for photorefractive decay, this memory provides nondestructive readout, selective erasure and rewriting, and real-time adaptation of holograms through an arbitrarily large number of exposures.
Comparative Study of Structural Changes Caused by Different Substitutions at the Same Residue on α-Galactosidase A (2013)

Missense mutations in the α-galactosidase A (GLA) gene comprising the majority of mutations responsible for Fabry disease result in heterogeneous phenotypes ranging from the early onset severe "classic" form to the "later-onset" milder form. To elucidate the molecular basis of Fabry disease from the viewpoint of structural biology, we comprehensively examined the effects of different substitutions at the same residue in the amino acid sequence of GLA on the structural change in the enzyme molecule and the clinical phenotype by calculating the number of atoms affected and the root-mean-square-distance value, and by coloring of the atoms influenced by the amino acid replacements. The results revealed that the severity of the structural change influences the disease progression, i.e., a small structural change tends to lead to the later-onset form and a large one to the classic form. Furthermore, the study revealed the residues important for expression of the GLA activity, i.e., residues involved in construction of the active site, a disulfide bond or a dimer. Structural study from such a viewpoint is useful for elucidating the basis of Fabry disease.
cis-Diazenes. Viscosity effects, one-bond scission, and cis-trans isomerization (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTcis-Diazenes. Viscosity effects, one-bond scission, and cis-trans isomerizationRobert C. Neuman Jr., Richard H. Grow, Glen A. Binegar, and Howard J. GundersonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 9, 2682–2688Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00296a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00296a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views578Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Active Inference for Collective Classification (2010)

Labeling nodes in a network is an important problem that has seen a growing interest. A number of methods that exploit both local and relational information have been developed for this task. Acquiring the labels for a few nodes at inference time can greatly improve the accuracy, however the question of figuring out which node labels to acquire is challenging. Previous approaches have been based on simple structural properties. Here, we present a novel technique, which we refer to as reflect and correct,that can learn and predict when the underlying classification system is likely to make mistakes and it suggests acquisitions to correct those mistakes.
An iridium-iridium oxide electrode forin vivomonitoring of blood pH changes (1981)

An iridium-iridium oxide electrode for in vivo monitoring of blood pH changes is described. Because of its small size, sensitivity, flexibility, strength and fast response, this electrode is suitable for acute implantation even in the small vessels of animals such as rats or guinea pigs, allowing continuous pH monitoring anywhere in the central arteries or veins. Excellent noise-free records have been obtained in the in vivo experiments in animals.
Toward Homogeneous Erythropoietin: Fine Tuning of the C-Terminal Acyl Donor in the Chemical Synthesis of the Cys29−Gly77 Glycopeptide Domain (2009)

Described herein is the chemical synthesis of the Cys(29)-Gly(77) glycopeptide domain (22) of erythropoietin. Our initial ligation strategy targeted a C --> N termini condensation between glycopeptide 3 and peptide 4. However, the reaction was hindered by the "unattainable" reactivity, mismatched polarity, and severe aggregation of the (glyco)peptide substrates. In contrast, by tuning the C-terminal acyl donor and using smaller peptide fragments, the Cys(29)-Gly(77) glycopeptide domain of erythropoietin was prepared through unconventional N --> C termini condensation reactions. The use of a p-cyanonitrophenyl ester and the development of a masked thiophenyl ester as acyl donors enabled us to promptly access glycopeptides bearing complex carbohydrates and offer potential synthetic applications beyond our current work.
Effects of the organophosphate insecticides diazinon and parathion on bobwhite quail embryos: Skeletal defects and acetylcholinesterase activity (1989)

Bobwhite quail eggs were injected at 48 or 72 hr of incubation with various doses of the organophosphate (OP) insecticides diazinon or parathion and the embryos were examined after an additional 48 hr of incubation by both histological and cartilage-staining methods. Bobwhite embryos did not display the notochordal folding or vascular enlargement reported for OP-injected chicken embryos. Cartilage staining of embryos injected with insecticide at 72 hr of incubation and recovered at day 12 of incubation revealed severe shortening and contortion of the vertebral axis, as well as tibiotarsal, rib, and sternum defects. Parathion was more potent in causing skeletal defects than diazinon. No type I defects (micromelia, parrot beak) were detected. Radiometric acetylcholinesterase (AChE) assays of whole embryo homogenates were performed for day 6, 9, and 12 diazinon-injected and control embryos. Diazinon effected drastic reductions in AChE activity. Although the AChE and axial skeletal responses of bobwhite embryos to OP injection are similar to those reported in the literature for other species, some major differences in the bobwhite response were noted: namely, the absence of notochordal folding in the young bobwhite embryo and the absence of type I defects at day 12. These differences suggest that further studies with the bobwhite quail would be useful in clarifying the mechanisms involved in OP-induced teratogenesis.