gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of Proteins Using Semliki Forest Virus Vectors (1995)

Semliki Forest virus (SFV) vectors have been developed to provide a convenient system to express protein-encoding sequences in virtually any animal cell. This unit presents two strategies for protein expression using SFV vectors. In both cases the protein-coding sequence of interest is cloned into a plasmid vector, which is subsequently used to produce recombinant RNA in vitro. This RNA, which is of positive polarity, is transfected into cells and there is amplified by virtue of its self-encoded RNA replicase. The same replicase also produces a shorter RNA species that encodes the protein of interest. In the first protocol, cells are transfected (either by electroporation or liposome-mediated transfection) and directly analyzed for expression of the heterologous protein. Accompanying support protocols provide methods for checking expression and transfection through galactosidase assays of transfected cells and cell lysates. The other strategy employs in vivo packaging of the RNA into SFV particles; recombinant RNA is cotransfected with a special helper RNA that codes for the structural proteins needed for virus assembly. SFV particles carrying only recombinant RNA are formed and are used to infect cells for analysis of protein expression. Accompanying support protocols describe methods for titrating and purifying recombinant virus stocks. Although the protocols presented here are designed for use with BHK (baby hamster kidney) cells, the virus has a very broad host range and can be used with many different cell types.
Embodied hands (2017)

Humans move their hands and bodies together to communicate and solve tasks. Capturing and replicating such coordinated activity is critical for virtual characters that behave realistically. Surprisingly, most methods treat the 3D modeling and tracking of bodies and hands separately. Here we formulate a model of hands and bodies interacting together and fit it to full-body 4D sequences. When scanning or capturing the full body in 3D, hands are small and often partially occluded, making their shape and pose hard to recover. To cope with low-resolution, occlusion, and noise, we develop a new model called MANO ( hand Model with Articulated and Non-rigid defOrmations ). MANO is learned from around 1000 high-resolution 3D scans of hands of 31 subjects in a wide variety of hand poses. The model is realistic, low-dimensional, captures non-rigid shape changes with pose, is compatible with standard graphics packages, and can fit any human hand. MANO provides a compact mapping from hand poses to pose blend shape corrections and a linear manifold of pose synergies. We attach MANO to a standard parameterized 3D body shape model (SMPL), resulting in a fully articulated body and hand model (SMPL+H). We illustrate SMPL+H by fitting complex, natural, activities of subjects captured with a 4D scanner. The fitting is fully automatic and results in full body models that move naturally with detailed hand motions and a realism not seen before in full body performance capture. The models and data are freely available for research purposes at http://mano.is.tue.mpg.de.
Epilepsy, Migraine, and EEG Abnormalities in Children: A Review and Hypothesis (1982)

SYNOPSIS The relationship between migraine and epilepsy is reviewed. Recurrent paroxysmal episodes in children and their relationship to electroencephalographic abnormalities is discussed. Relevant literature concerning the 14 and 6/second positive spike pattern is also surveyed. The electroencephalographic data from a group of 116 pediatric headache patients was conpared to a group of 93 children previously diagnosed with seizure disorders. In the headache group, the 14 and 6/second positive spike abnormality was seen in 40.7% of the abnormal recordings, either by itself or with other abnormalities, and in 12.2% of all EEGs performed. This pattern was found in 6.5% of all abnormal EEGs and in 4.3% of all EEGs performed in the seizure group. It is hypothesized that the 14 and 6/second positive spike pattern is a marker for autonomic hyper‐reactivity and is most readily found in children under 16 years of age. The use of the electroencephalogram in the pediatric headache work‐up is emphasized to differentiate the “Seizure Equivalent” headache disorder from migraine. Anticonvulsant medication is the appropriate treatment for the “Seizure Equivalent” headache disorder.
Cyclin-dependent Kinase 5 Promotes Insulin Exocytosis (2001)

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is widely expressed although kinase activity has been described preferentially in neuronal systems. Cdk5 has an impact on actin polymerization during neuronal migration and neurite outgrowth and deregulation of the kinase has been implicated in the promotion of neurodegeneration. Recently it was shown that Cdk5 modulates dopamine signaling in neurons by regulating DARPP-32 function. In addition, Cdk5 phosphorylates munc-18 and synapsin I, two essential components of the exocytotic machinery. We have shown by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, immunocytochemistry, and Western blotting that Cdk5 is present in the insulin-secreting pancreatic beta-cell. Subcellular fractionation of isolated beta-cells revealed a glucose-induced translocation of membrane-bound Cdk5 protein to lower density fractions. Inhibition of Cdk5 with roscovitine reduced insulin secretion with approximately 35% compared with control after glucose stimulation and with approximately 65% after depolarization with glucose and KCl. Capacitance measurements performed on single beta-cells that expressed a dominant-negative Cdk5 mutant showed impaired exocytosis. The effect on exocytosis by Cdk5 appeared to be independent of changes in free cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentration. Taken together these results show that Cdk5 is present in beta-cells and acts as a positive regulator of insulin exocytosis.
The design and synthesis of the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitor Cilazapril and related bicyclic compounds (1986)

The postulated binding functions for the active site of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (A.C.E.), derived in an earlier study, have made possible the design of improved inhibitors. Consequently, (1S,9S)-9-[(1S)-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3-phenylpropylamino]octahydro-10-oxo-6H-pyridazo[1,2-a][1,2]diazepine-1-carboxylic acid (Cilazapril), and related compounds, have been synthesized. They are very active inhibitors of A.C.E. and are highly potent antihypertensives in vivo.
A self-powered electrochromic device driven by a nanogenerator (2012)

Electrochromic (EC) devices are capable of reversibly changing optical properties upon charge injection and extraction driven by an externally applied voltage. A nanogenerator (NG) is a device that converts mechanical energy into electricity. This paper demonstrates a self-powered EC device driven by an NG. An average visible optical modulation (ΔTvis) as large as 15.3% was obtained, with electrochromic response time (ERT) and coloration efficiency (CE) of 10 seconds and 58.7 cm2 C−1, respectively. Such a performance is comparable to an EC when powered by a hardwired DC power. This study indicates that the self-powered electrochromic system can be a candidate for monochrome displays or electronic billboards.
Identification and characterization of X-ray-induced proteins in human cells. (1989)

In order to investigate the biochemical events involved in potentially lethal DNA damage repair (PLDR), we have identified a pleiotropic protein expression response that is activated upon X-irradiation of confluence-arrested human malignant melanoma (U1-Mel) cells. Plateau-phase U1-Mel cells were selected because of their extraordinary capacity for PLDR. Eight major X-ray-induced polypeptides (XIPs) of Mr 126,000-275,000 (i.e., XIP126 through XIP275) were detected by resolving L-[35S]methionine-labeled whole cell extracts using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. XIPs were found in unirradiated, proliferating U1-Mel cells, shut off under plateau-phase conditions and resynthesized in response to X-irradiation. The expression of three classes of proteins was affected by X-irradiation. Class I proteins, XIP145 and XIP269, were induced linearly with increasing X-ray doses. The rate of synthesis of class II proteins, XIP126, XIP135, XIP138, XIP141, XIP147, and XIP275, increased linearly with low X-irradiation doses, but plateaued at doses of 150-250 cGy. In contrast, the expression of class III proteins, 47,000 and 254,000 Mr proteins, decreased with increasing X-ray doses. Tumor, cancer-prone, and normal human cells, which represent a wide range of cells with varied repair capacities, were investigated to better understand the role of XIPs in DNA damage responses. X-irradiated normal and tumor cells induced the synthesis of XIP145 and XIP269. A strong correlation between the induction of XIP269 and PLDR capacity, as measured by delayed plating of plateau-phase cells, was noted. XIP269 was present in six of seven normal and tumor cells types, but was completely absent in cells from patients with Bloom's syndrome and ataxia telangiectasia. X-irradiated Fanconi's anemia and xeroderma pigmentosum cells synthesized low levels of XIP269. The majority of XIPs synthesized by X-irradiated cells from cancer-prone patients were of low molecular weights. A number of XIP expression characteristics suggest their role in either gross chromosomal PLDR and/or in X-ray adaptivity responses: (a) XIP expression was inhibited by 1 microgram/ml cycloheximide, a dose which decreased survival 6-fold during PLDR holding and resulted in greater than 80% inhibition of protein synthesis; (b) XIP expression was specific for ionizing radiation damage, since heat shock, hypoxia, and alkylating agents failed to induce their synthesis; (c) the time course of expression was long, with the first appearance of XIPs at 3 h and maximal expression at 4 h.
Nickel-catalyzed Arbuzov reaction: mechanistic observations (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNickel-catalyzed Arbuzov reaction: mechanistic observationsTerry M. Balthazor and Raymond C. GrabiakCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 26, 5425–5426Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01314a059https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01314a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1355Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characterization of immunoglobulin heavy chain knockout rats (2010)

The rat is a species frequently used in immunological studies but, until now, there were no models with introduced gene-specific mutations. In a recent study, we described for the first time the generation of novel rat lines with targeted mutations using zinc-finger nucleases. In this study, we compare immune development in two Ig heavy-chain KO lines; one with truncated Cμ and a new line with removed JH segments. Rats homozygous for IgM mutation generate truncated Cμ mRNA with a de novo stop codon and no Cγ mRNA. JH-deletion rats showed undetectable mRNA for all H-chain transcripts. No serum IgM, IgG, IgA and IgE were detected in these rat lines. In both lines, lymphoid B-cell numbers were reduced >95% versus WT animals. In rats homozygous for IgM mutation, no Ab-mediated hyperacute allograft rejection was encountered. Similarities in B-cell differentiation seen in Ig KO rats and ES cell-derived Ig KO mice are discussed. These Ig and B-cell-deficient rats obtained using zinc-finger nucleases-technology should be useful as biomedical research models and a powerful platform for transgenic animals expressing a human Ab repertoire.
Blockade of the interleukin‐21/interleukin‐21 receptor pathway ameliorates disease in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis (2007)

These findings demonstrate a pathogenic role for IL-21 in animal models of RA, and support consideration of IL-21 as a therapeutic target in human RA.
Heterocyclic Amplifiers of Phleomycin. VI. Some Phenylpurines, Phenylpteridines, Phenylquinazolines and Related Compounds (1985)

Synthetic routes are described to a series of 2-, 6- and 8- phenylpurines , each with an appropriate S-or NH-linked side chain elsewhere in the molecule; to 2- and 4-phenylpteridines, each with a similar side chain and some with two additional C-methyl groups, to 2- and 4-phenylquinazolines, each equipped with an analogous side chain; and to two pyridinyl analogues of the above. Three of the above components are shown to have considerable activity as amplifiers of phleomycin -G in an in vitro bacterial system.
Role of MicroRNAs in Parkinson’s Disease (2019)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a disabling neurodegenerative disease that manifests with resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity and postural instability. Since the discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) in 1993, miRNAs have been shown to be important biological molecules involved in diverse processes to maintain normal cellular functions. Over the past decade, many studies have reported dysregulation of miRNA expressions in PD. Here, we identified 15 miRNAs from 34 reported screening studies that demonstrated dysregulation in the brain and/or neuronal models, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. Specific miRNAs-of-interest that have been implicated in PD pathogenesis include miR-30, miR-29, let-7, miR-485 and miR-26. However, there are several challenges and limitations in drawing definitive conclusions due to the small sample size in clinical studies, varied laboratory techniques and methodologies and their incomplete penetrance of the blood-brain barrier. Developing an optimal delivery system and unravelling druggable targets of miRNAs in both experimental and human models and clinical validation of the results may pave way for novel therapeutics in PD.
Digital Rights Protection - a Great Challenge of the New Millennium (2006)

The digital era is a blessing and a curse at the same time. The huge benefits of digital contents leading to the explosion of multimedia industries are also responsible for the huge piracy. The weapons against this piracy are technology and legislation, defining digital rights management (DRM), able to protect and enforce the rights associated to the digital content. The paper discusses the necessity of intellectual rights protection generally and the concepts of DRM in today's life. It also presents the state of art concerning encryption and watermarking, the main technical solutions for DRM, and discusses the challenges and new directions for this topic.
Importance of the ATP-Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway in the Degradation of Soluble and Myofibrillar Proteins in Rabbit Muscle Extracts (1996)

Recent studies have suggested that activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is primarily responsible for the rapid loss of muscle proteins in various types of atrophy. The present studies were undertaken to test if different classes of muscle proteins are degraded by this pathway. In extracts of rabbit psoas muscle, the complete degradation of soluble proteins to amino acids was stimulated up to 6-fold by ATP. Peptide aldehyde inhibitors of the proteasome or the removal of proteasomes markedly inhibited only the ATP-dependent process. Addition of purified myosin, actin, troponin, or tropomyosin to these extracts showed that these proteins served as substrates for the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. By contrast, degradation of myoglobin did not require ATP, proteasomes, or any known proteases in muscles. When myosin, actin, and troponin were added as actomyosin complexes or as intact myofibrils to these extracts, they were not hydrolyzed at a significant rate, probably because in these multicomponent complexes, these proteins are protected from degradation. Accordingly, actin (but not albumin or troponin) inhibited the degradation of 125I-myosin, and actin was found to selectively inhibit ubiquitin conjugation to 125I-myosin. Also, the presence of tropomyosin inhibited the degradation of 125I-troponin. However, neither actin nor tropomyosin inhibited the degradation of 125I-lysozyme or soluble muscle proteins. Thus, specific interactions between the myofibrillar proteins appear to protect them from ubiquitin-dependent degradation, and the rate-limiting step in their degradation is probably their dissociation from the myofibril.
Combretastatin A-4 phosphate as a tumor vascular-targeting agent: early effects in tumors and normal tissues. (1999)

The potential for tumor vascular-targeting by using the tubulin destabilizing agent disodium combretastatin A-4 3-0-phosphate (CA-4-P) was assessed in a rat system. This approach aims to shut down the established tumor vasculature, leading to the development of extensive tumor cell necrosis. The early vascular effects of CA-4-P were assessed in the s.c. implanted P22 carcinosarcoma and in a range of normal tissues. Blood flow was measured by the uptake of radiolabeled iodoantipyrine, and quantitative autoradiography was used to measure spatial heterogeneity of blood flow in tumor sections. CA-4-P (100 mg/kg i.p.) caused a significant increase in mean arterial blood pressure at 1 and 6 h after treatment and a very large decrease in tumor blood flow, which-by 6 h-was reduced approximately 100-fold. The spleen was the most affected normal tissue with a 7-fold reduction in blood flow at 6 h. Calculations of vascular resistance revealed some vascular changes in the heart and kidney for which there were no significant changes in blood flow. Quantitative autoradiography showed that CA-4-P increased the spatial heterogeneity in tumor blood flow. The drug affected peripheral tumor regions less than central regions. Administration of CA-4-P (30 mg/kg) in the presence of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, potentiated the effect of CA-4-P in tumor tissue. The combination increased tumor vascular resistance 300-fold compared with less than 7-fold for any of the normal tissues. This shows that tissue production of nitric oxide protects against the damaging vascular effects of CA-4-P. Significant changes in tumor vascular resistance could also be obtained in isolated tumor perfusions using a cell-free perfusate, although the changes were much less than those observed in vivo. This shows that the action of CA-4-P includes mechanisms other than those involving red cell viscosity, intravascular coagulation, and neutrophil adhesion. The uptake of CA-4-P and combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) was more efficient in tumor than in skeletal muscle tissue and dephosphorylation of CA-4-P to CA-4 was faster in the former. These results are promising for the use of CA-4-P as a tumor vascular-targeting agent.
Hierarchical role of CD3 chains in thymocyte development (2009)

Assembly, expression, and signal transduction by the pre-T-cell receptor (pre-TCR) and TCR complexes are critical for normal thymocyte development. How environmental cues sensed by these two receptor complexes are translated into biological responses that result in the generation of functionally mature T cells is increasingly better understood. Invariant CD3gamma, delta, epsilon, and zeta polypeptides are central to the function of these two receptor complexes. CD3 chains ensure correct intracellular assembly, surface expression, and signal transduction via the receptors in ligand-independent and -dependent manners. In the present review, the roles of the CD3 chains, particularly CD3gamma, delta, and epsilon, in thymocyte differentiation in mice and humans are reviewed.
Consolidating, Consuming, and Annulling Identity in Jutta Brückner's Hungerjahre (1995)

Situated within German feminist practices of the 1970s, Jutta Brückner's Hungerjahre attempts not only to represent the director's youth during the years of the Economic Miracle, but also to find expressive forms to articulate experiences that evade language. While the voice-over searches for such a language, it is hindered, I argue, by its very embeddedness in the structures that produce such stunted subjectivities as Ursula's, the protagonist of the film. More compelling is the voice that Ursula herself constructs through the repressive mechanisms of socialization that shape her subjectivity. By examining how she speaks through the contradictions that characterize her socialization-the double bind of consumption and denial-I emphasize her ability to speak through such contradictions, to create her own language and unique voice through the very oppressive terms that otherwise deform her identity. Although her "language" is ultimately self-defeating and self-destructive, it still manifests the strands of a unique self emerging within the fabric of social, cultural, and historical conditions woven into her subjectivity. (MM)
Learning and reasoning about interruption (2003)

We present methods for inferring the cost of interrupting users based on multiple streams of events including information generated by interactions with computing devices, visual and acoustical analyses, and data drawn from online calendars. Following a review of prior work on techniques for deliberating about the cost of interruption associated with notifications, we introduce methods for learning models from data that can be used to compute the expected cost of interruption for a user. We describe the Interruption Workbench, a set of event-capture and modeling tools. Finally, we review experiments that characterize the accuracy of the models for predicting interruption cost and discuss research directions.
Time evolution of the free surface of ultrathin copolymer films (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTime evolution of the free surface of ultrathin copolymer filmsG. Coulon, J. Daillant, B. Collin, J. J. Benattar, and Y. GallotCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 7, 1582–1589Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00059a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00059a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views190Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts