gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Survey results: radiology information systems and personal computing. (1986)

The AHRA statistical Resource Committee reports on the prevalence of radiology information systems and personal computers, the major applications run in radiology departments, the use of mainframe versus standalone systems, and other important findings from its recent computer survey.
<title>Colt: an experiment in wormhole run-time reconfiguration</title> (1996)

Wormhole run-time reconfiguration (RTR) is an attempt to create a refined computing paradigm for high performance computational tasks. By combining concepts from field programmable gate array (FPGA) technologies with data flow computing, the Colt/Stallion architecture achieves high utilization of hardware resources, and facilitates rapid run-time reconfiguration. Targeted mainly at DSP-type operations, the Colt integrated circuit -- a prototype wormhole RTR device -- compares favorably to contemporary DSP alternatives in terms of silicon area consumed per unit computation and in computing performance. Although emphasis has been placed on signal processing applications, general purpose computation has not been overlooked. Colt is a prototype that defines an architecture not only at the chip level but also in terms of an overall system design. As this system is realized, the concept of wormhole RTR will be applied to numerical computation and DSP applications including those common to image processing, communications systems, digital filters, acoustic processing, real-time control systems and simulation acceleration.
Further evidence that the radioprotective aminothiol, WR-1065, catalytically inactivates mammalian topoisomerase II. (2000)

It has recently been proposed that the thiol form of the cytoprotective drug amifostine that is designated WR-1065 [2-((aminopropyl)amino)ethanethiol] exerts its cytoprotective effects in part via a catalytic inhibition of DNA topoisomerase II (topo II)alpha. This in turn leads to the subsequent accumulation of cells in G2 phase and a prolongation of the cell cycle. We have used a Chinese hamster V79 cell-based micronucleus assay to further evaluate this hypothesis. It is demonstrated that WR-1065 strongly inhibits the clastogenesis of the topo II poisons etoposide and clinafloxacin at clinically attained exposure levels while having no effect on clastogenesis induced by topo II-noninteractive chemicals. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that WR-1065 is a catalytic inhibitor of topo II in mammalian cells. These studies also suggest that WR-1065 might be expected to reduce the toxicity and clastogenicity in clinical applications of etoposide or quinolone antibiotics in dose-limiting normal tissues.
Local delivery of basic fibroblast growth factor increases both angiogenesis and engraftment of hepatocytes in tissue-engineered polymer devices1 (2002)

Background. We investigated heterotopic hepatocyte transplantation on biodegradable polymers as a potential treatment for end-stage liver disease. The primary problem has been insufficient engraftment of transplanted cells partly because of insufficient vascularization. Increasing vascularization through locally delivered angiogenic factors may increase angiogenesis and hepatocyte engraftment. Methods. We studied the effect of local delivery of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on angiogenesis and hepatocyte engraftment within tissue-engineered liver constructs. Poly-l-lactic acid discs were fabricated and coated with either a mixture of saline, sucralfate, and Hydron (control group) or bFGF, sucralfate, and Hydron (bFGF group). bFGF release from polymers in vitro was tested using an ELISA. Hepatocytes were isolated from Lewis rats, seeded on control (n=9) or bFGF (n=11) polymers, and implanted into the small bowel mesentery of syngeneic animals. Specimens were harvested after 2 weeks and analyzed for hepatocyte engraftment. Microvascular density was compared between control (n=6) and bFGF groups (n=5). Results. Three hundred twenty-three thousandths of a microgram of bFGF were incorporated per polymer. Greater than 99% of the bFGF was released into solution by 72 hr in vitro. Two weeks after implantation, microvascular density, as measured by capillaries per high-powered field (c/hpf), was significantly greater in the bFGF group (43.8 c/hpf), compared with the control group (30.5 c/hpf;P <0.005). Specimens from the bFGF group (mean engraftment, 61,355 μm2) showed a 2.5-fold increase in hepatocyte engraftment as compared with control (24,197 μm2;P <0.002). Conclusions. The angiogenic growth factor bFGF can be incorporated into degradable polymers used as delivery devices for hepatocyte transplantation. Implantation of these devices increases angiogenesis into the device and increases hepatocyte engraftment.
Nanoscopic Medicine: The Next Frontier (2006)

The extraordinary progress that has taken place in cell science and optical nanoscale microscopy has led recently to the concept of medical nanoscopy. Here, we lay out a concept for developing live cell nanoscopy into a comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic scheme referred to as nanoscopic medicine, which integrates live cell nanoscopy with the structural and functional studies of nanoscopic protein machines (NPMs), the systems biology of NPMs, fluorescent labeling, nanoscopic analysis, and nanoscopic intervention, in order to advance the medical frontier toward the nanoscopic fundament of the cell. It aims at the diagnosis and therapy of diseases by directly visualizing, analyzing, and modifying NPMs and their networks in living cells and tissues.
Postprandial Hypotension: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Management (1995)

All physicians caring for elderly patients should be aware of the hypotensive effects of food intake and should consider postprandial hypotension in the evaluation of syncope, falls, dizziness, and other cerebral ischemic symptoms.
The rhythms of human sleep propensity and core body temperature (1996)

Evidence from human free-running studies has suggested a close relationship between the timing of the circadian rhythm of core body temperature and the rhythm of sleep propensity. However, this relationship may be questioned by variations of sleep and wakeful activity which could have masked the endogenous temperature rhythm. A constant routine was used here to 'unmask' the endogenous temperature rhythm in addition to frequent sleep trials across a 24-h period to confirm the relationship between temperature and sleep propensity rhythms. Of the 14 healthy, good sleeping subjects 13 had significant 24-h cosine rhythms of sleep propensity. Eight of these also had a significant 12-h cosine rhythm. The eight subjects with both 24-h and 12-h rhythms showed a minor peak of sleep propensity in the early afternoon followed by a though in the early evening (20.00 hours). Sleep propensity then rose rapidly at about midnight to a major peak in the early morning. This was followed by a second trough of sleep propensity in the late morning. The average times of the sleep propensity phases relative to the circadian temperature rhythm were very similar to the earlier free-running studies. Furthermore, the times of the sleep propensity phases were highly correlated with the body temperature minimum. These results suggested the possibility that a common oscillator determines the timing of both the body temperature rhythm and the phases of the sleep propensity rhythm.
The contribution of cone responses to rat electroretinograms (2001)

The contribution of rods and cones to the scotopic electroretinogram (ERG) of small animals is unclear, with a recent report suggesting that the mouse has no cone a-wave. The present study considered the contribution of cones to the ERG of the rat. Dark-adapted Long Evans rats (n = 4) had ERG signals collected following a single flash, which stimulated rods and cones (mixed response), or a twin-fash paradigm (short interstimulus interval, 1 s), which isolated cone responses. Rod signals were derived by digital subtraction of the cone signal from the mixed rod/cone ERG. The rat a-wave was found to be dominated by rod responses but cone responses contributed substantially (45%) to post-receptoral waveforms (b-wave) at higher light levels.
Strong Coupling between Surface Plasmons and Excitons in an Organic Semiconductor (2004)

We report on the observation of a strong coupling between a surface plasmon and an exciton. Reflectometry experiments are performed on an organic semiconductor, namely, cyanide dye J aggregates, deposited on a silver film. The dispersion lines present an anticrossing that is the signature of a strong plasmon-exciton coupling. Mixed states are formed in a similar way as microcavities polaritons. The Rabi splitting characteristic of this coupling reaches 180 meV at room temperature. The emission of the low energy plasmon-exciton mixed state has been observed and is largely shifted from the uncoupled emission.
α-Smooth-muscle Actin in and Contraction of Porcine Dental Pulp Cells (2002)

The finding of expression of a muscle actin isoform, α-smooth-muscle actin (SMA), by the stromal cells of several tissues prompted this study of SMA expression by cells derived from the porcine dental pulp. The SMA content of the cells increased with time in culture. These SMA-containing cells were found to have the capability to contract a collagen-glycosaminoglycan analog of extracellular matrix in vitro.
Arrest of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice impairs single- but not multiple-trial contextual fear conditioning. (2010)

The role of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in contextual fear conditioning (CFC) is debated. Several studies demonstrated that blocking adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents impairs CFC, while several other studies failed to observe an impairment. We sought to determine whether different CFC methods vary in their sensitivity to the arrest of adult neurogenesis. Adult neurogenesis was arrested in mice using low-dose, targeted x-irradiation, and the effects of irradiation were assayed in conditioning procedures that varied in the use of a discrete conditioned stimulus, the number of trials administered, and the final level of conditioning produced. We demonstrate that irradiation impairs CFC in mice when a single-trial CFC procedure is used but not when multiple-trial procedures are used, regardless of the final level of contextual fear produced. In addition, we show that the irradiation-induced deficit in single-trial CFC can be rescued by providing preexposure to the conditioning context. These results indicate that adult hippocampal neurogenesis is required for CFC in mice only when brief training is provided.
Hybrid normal-reverse prism coupler for light-emitting diode backlight systems (2006)

For the first time to our knowledge, a hybrid normal-reverse prism coupler was formed on the bottom surface of a light guide in a LED backlight system to achieve a thin, lightweight, LED backlight system. The hybrid prism coupler (HPC) simultaneously exhibits two functions: extraction of guided light from the light guide and focusing the radiated light from the light guide, corresponding to the optical functions of the prism and diffusive sheets used in conventional LED backlight systems. Therefore, using a HPC eliminates the prism and diffusive sheets that have been indispensable optical elements in conventional LED backlight systems, which consequently reduces the thickness of the LED backlight system by 40% compared with conventional systems.
CMOS Circuit Performance Enhancement by Surface Orientation Optimization (2004)

With the advent of novel device structures that can be easily fabricated outside of the traditional (100) plane, it may be advantageous to change the crystal orientation to optimize CMOS circuit performance. The use of alternative surface orientations such as [110] and (111) enhances hole mobility while degrading electron mobility, thus allowing for adjustment of the ratio between nMOS and pMOS transistor drive currents. By optimizing the surface orientation, up to a 15% improvement in gate delay can be expected. This value depends upon the type of logic gate, the off-state leakage specification, and technology scaling trends. The introduction of high-/spl kappa/ dielectrics may provide an added incentive for the use of non-(100) orientations as this method of circuit performance enhancement may be used to compensate for mobility degradation from the high-/spl kappa/ interface. Additional concerns including layout area and device reliability are discussed.
Proteolytic conversion of proinsulin into insulin. Identification of a Ca2+-dependent acidic endopeptidase in isolated insulin-secretory granules (1987)

The nature of the endoproteolytic activity involved in the post-translational processing of proinsulin has been investigated in rat insulinoma tissue. 125I-proinsulin was converted by lysed insulin-secretory granules into insulin via an intermediate form identified as des-dibasic-proinsulin. This activity co-localized with immunoreactive (endogenous) insulin and carboxypeptidase H upon subcellular fractionation of the tissue, indicating a secretory-granular location. Under optimized conditions, conversion was quantitative. Inhibitor studies demonstrated that processing occurred by a reaction sequence involving cleavage on the C-terminal side of the pairs of basic amino acids, with subsequent removal of the newly exposed basic residues by carboxypeptidase H. Endoproteolytic activity was abolished by EDTA and CDTA (1,2-cyclohexanediaminetetra-acetic acid), but not by 1,10-phenanthroline or by group-specific inhibitors of serine, thiol or acidic proteinases. Inhibition by EDTA and CDTA could be reversed by both Ca2+ and Zn2+, although the former appeared to be the ion of physiological importance. Addition of Ca2+ in the absence of chelators stimulated endoproteinase activity, with a maximal effect at 5 mM, a concentration consistent with the intragranular environment. Similarly the pH optimum of 5.5 coincides with the prevailing intragranular pH. Together these properties suggest that the Ca2+-dependent endopeptidase described here is involved in vivo in the proteolytic processing of proinsulin.
The viability of DNA vaccines--marcus evans conference. 3-5 February 2004, London, UK. (2004)

This DNA vaccines conference was aimed at examining the viability of DNA vaccines as a credible prophylactic/therapeutic technology rather than simply as an effective research tool. Presentations and panel discussion sessions focused on many of the issues facing the sector, including efficacy, manufacturing costs and public acceptability of the technology. Clinical trial data were presented for DNA vaccines in development for both human and veterinary use, including cancer, HIV infection and malaria. Presentations also covered delivery technologies (microparticles, electroporation and epidermal 'tattooing'), and the manufacturing industry reported on the latest production advances. Issues concerning human vaccine development are covered in this review.
Distance Element Improvements - A Case Study (2008)

In August 1999, a thunderstorm and lightning strike caused relay misoperations and a two-minute outage at a petrochemical plant. The outage led to an exhaustive root-cause analysis and subsequent litigation. This paper shares details about the event and its root cause, contrasts distance and fault identification algorithms, demonstrates methodical analysis techniques, and proposes solutions. This paper also highlights that engineers face the challenge of always staying current with their experience and understanding of the "state-of-the-art." The paper challenges engineers to do the right thing, find root cause, and solve problems.
Total skin electron irradiation treatment for mycosis fungoides with a new alternate daily treatment schedule to minimize radiation-associated toxicity: a preliminary experience (2009)

Conventional total skin electron irradiation (TSEI) for mycosis fungoides (MF) causes radiation toxicity, requiring treatment interruptions that prolong the treatment period, making patient compliance poor. We evaluated an alternate daily treatment schedule of TSEI, using a high dose rate (HDR) to minimize radiation toxicity and shorten the treatment duration. Four patients (aged 45-73 years with MF duration of 7-22 months) were treated by TSEI using HDR. The treatment was given on 5 days/week for 2 weeks followed by treatment on alternate days to deliver a total dose of 36 Gy. All the patients completed treatment in 10 weeks and had complete remission. Radiation toxicity was much less common with this schedule, requiring no treatment interruption. All the patients were until in remission after 60-84 months of follow-up. This schedule of TSEI treatment caused minimal radiation toxicity and allowed completion of treatment over a shorter period, giving good clinical remission and prolonged disease-free survival.
The PIM architecture for wide-area multicast routing (1996)

The purpose of multicast routing is to reduce the communication costs for applications that send the same data to multiple recipients. Existing multicast routing mechanisms were intended for use within regions where a group is widely represented or bandwidth is universally plentiful. When group members, and senders to those group members, are distributed sparsely across a wide area, these schemes are not efficient; data packets or membership report information are occasionally sent over many links that do not lead to receivers or senders, respectively. We have developed a multicast routing architecture that efficiently establishes distribution trees across wide area internets, where many groups will be sparsely represented. Efficiency is measured in terms of the router state, control message processing, and data packet processing, required across the entire network in order to deliver data packets to the members of the group. Our protocol independent multicast (PIM) architecture: (a) maintains the traditional IP multicast service model of receiver-initiated membership, (b) supports both shared and source-specific (shortest-path) distribution trees, (c) is not dependent on a specific unicast routing protocol, and (d) uses soft-state mechanisms to adapt to underlying network conditions and group dynamics. The robustness, flexibility, and scaling properties of this architecture make it well-suited to large heterogeneous internetworks.
Treament of complications of penetrating ocular injury with intravitreal adriamycin and vancomycin in-jection in a rabbit model (2011)

Objective To investigate the inhibiting effect of intravitreal adriamycin and vancomvcin injection on traumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR) and infectious endophthalmitis. Methods All of the right eyes of 40 New Zealand albino rabbits were taken as experiental rabbit model eyes of hemonrrhagic penetrating ocular injury and all the left eyes were intact as control.The rabbits were divided into four groups randomlY and 10 rabbits in each group.In phosphate buffered saline group,0.1 ml phosphate bufrered saline was injected in vitreous;adriamycin group which were injected with 2.5μg(0.1ml)adriamycin in vitreous:Vancomycin group which were injected with 1.0 mg(0.1 ml)vancomycin in vitreous;adriamycin combination with vancomycin group which were injected with 2.5μg(0.1 ml)adriamycin and 1.0 mg(0.1 ml)vancomycin in vitreous respectively.The inflammation in anterior segment of eye was estimatedby slit-lamp microscope examination.Microbiology culture of vitreous cavity puncture material must be taken upon those eyes that the inflammation had lasted over two weeks in anterior segment.Degree of PVR in vitreous was estimated by direct fundscopy examination.Results The degree of PVR in adriamycin combination with vancomycin group was lowerthan both phosphate buffered saline group (P=0.023) and vancomycin group(P=0.034);There were 2 eyes(20%)suffered endophthalmitis in phosphate buffered saline group and adriamycin group respectively;There was no eye suffered endophthalmitis in vancomycin group or adriamycin combined with vancomycin group-Conclusions The therapeutics of intravitreal adriamycin can decrease the degree of PVR While vancomycin might reduce the occurrence of bacterial endophthalmitis in rabbit model of hemorrhagic pentrating eye injury.

Key words: 
penetrating eye injury; complication; adriamycin; vancomycin; animal experiment
Metyrapone Administration Reduces the Strength of an Emotional Memory Trace in a Long-Lasting Manner (2011)

These results show that decreasing GC levels via metyrapone administration is an efficient way to reduce the strength of an emotional memory in a long-lasting manner.
Einleitung: Die Markenartikel-Konzeption (1986)

Konsumenten haben gelernt, mit der Nennung von Namen oder Produktbezeichnungen ganz bestimmter Art, eine Reihe produktbezogener Informationen hinsichtlich möglicher Verwendungen, wesentlicher Gebrauchs- und anderer Eigenschaften, erwarteter Produkterlebnisse, auch emotionaler Art, Herkunft und Preiserwartungen zu assoziieren; dieses jeweils bezogen auf eine ganz spezifische Erscheinungsform eines bestimmten Produktes. In einem solchen Fall sprechen wir in aller Regel von Marken bzw. Markenartikeln.
Short bowel syndrome: A nutritional and medical approach (2003)

There are short‐term and long‐term problems with malabsorption as a result of short bowel syndrome, leading to disruptions in fluid balance, weight loss, anemia, and vitamin deficiencies. A better understanding of the relative sites of absorption for different nutrients can help determine the deficiencies that occur with malabsorption and explain the stepwise therapeutic nutritional management approach outlined in this article.
Increased Power Generation in a Continuous Flow MFC with Advective Flow through the Porous Anode and Reduced Electrode Spacing (2006)

The maximum power generated in a single-chamber air-cathode microbial fuel cell (MFC) has previously been shown to increase when the spacing between the electrodes is decreased from 4 to 2 cm. However, the maximum power from a MFC with glucose (500 mg/L) decreased from 811 mW/ m2 (R(ex) = 200 omega, Coulombic efficiency of CE = 28%) to 423 mW/m2 (R(ex) = 500 omega, CE = 18%) when the electrode spacing was decreased from 2 to 1 cm (batch mode operation, power normalized by cathode projected area). This decrease in power was unexpected as the internal resistance decreased from 35 omega (2-cm spacing) to 16 omega (1-cm spacing). However, providing advective flow through the porous anode toward the cathode substantially increased power, resulting in the highest maximum power densities yet achieved in an air-cathode system using glucose or domestic wastewater as substrates. For glucose, with a 1-cm electrode spacing and flow through the anode with continuous flow operation of the MFC, the maximum power increased to 1540 mW/m2 (51 W/m3) and the CE increased to 60%. Using domestic wastewater (255 +/- 10 mg of COD/L), the maximum power density was 464 mW/m2 (15.5 W/m3; CE = 27%). Although flow through the anode could lead to plugging, especially for particulate substrates such as domestic wastewater, the system was operated using glucose for over 42 days without clogging. These results show that power output in this air-cathode single-chamber MFC can be increased by reducing the electrode spacing if the reactors are operated in continuous flow mode with advective flow through the anode toward the cathode.
Inhibition of Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein in Familial Hypercholesterolemia (2007)

Inhibition of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein by BMS-201038 resulted in the reduction of LDL cholesterol levels in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, owing to reduced production of apolipoprotein B. However, the therapy was associated with elevated liver aminotransferase levels and hepatic fat accumulation.
Emerging new pathways of pathogenesis and targets for treatment in systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren's syndrome (2009)

Discovery of novel genes and signaling pathways in lupus pathogenesis offers novel biomarker-targeted approaches for treatment of SLE and Sjogren's syndrome.