gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the efficacy of oral ivermectin in comparison with ivermectin–metronidazole combined therapy in the treatment of ocular and skin lesions of Demodex folliculorum (2013)

Combined therapy was superior in decreasing the D. folliculorum count in all groups and in reducing the mite count to the normal level in rosacea and in anterior blepharitis. On the other hand, the two regimens were comparable in reducing the mite count to the normal level in acne and peri-oral dermatitis lesions.
The use of membrane screen filters in the isolation of Plasmodium berghei sporozoites from mosquitos. (1979)

An improved procedure is presented for the isolation of Plasmodium berghei sporozoites from host mosquitos. The method employs filtration through a series of Nuclepore membranes followed by two consecutive centrifugations of the filtrate layered over Renografin-60 solutions of different densities. A Coulter Counter was used to compare isolations prepared by this technique with those prepared by a routinely employed discontinuous gradient method. When the sporozoite concentration in each preparation was standardized at 300 sporozoites per ml, isolations prepared by the new technique were significantly cleaner than isolations prepared by the discontinuous gradient method, containing an average of 1706 total particles per ml compared with 46 107 total particles per ml. The latter procedure was more effective, however, in removing viable microorganisms. Sporozoites isolated by both techniques were similar in immunogenicity and virulence.
Seismic Detection of Rigid Zones at the Top of the Core (2001)

Data from earthquakes in the Tonga-Fiji region recorded at a seismic array in northern Australia show evidence for rigid zones at the top of the outer core. The ScP waveforms can be modeled by thin (0.12 to 0.18 kilometer) zones of molten iron mixed with solid material with a small, but positive, S-wave velocity (0.6 to 0.8 kilometer per second) that enables the propagation of S-waves in the outermost core. The zones may be topographic highs of the core-mantle boundary filled by light core sediments and might be important for variation of Earth's nutation and for convection of the outer core.
Real-Time Monitoring of Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Using Silicon Photonic Microring Resonators: Implications for Combinatorial Screening of Polymer Brush Growth Conditions (2011)

We directly monitor in parallel and in real time the temporal profiles of polymer brushes simultaneously grown via multiple ATRP reaction conditions on a single substrate using arrays of silicon photonic microring resonators. In addition to probing relative polymerization rates, we show the ability to evaluate the dynamic properties of the in situ grown polymers. This presents a powerful new platform for studying modified interfaces that may allow for the combinatorial optimization of surface-initiated polymerization conditions.
Hydrophobicity changes in silicone rubbers (1999)

Water repellency, high surface resistivity, vandalism resistance, low density and good processability have made silicone rubbers based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) very attractive materials in housings for outdoor insulation. Their ability to recover hydrophobicity after oxida. tion or contamination is of paramount importance and this is the topic of this review. A critical evaluation of the chemical and physical mechanisms responsible for hydrophobicity loss and recovery is presented.
Sensitivity of Different Ecotypes and Mutants ofArabidopsis thaliana toward the Bacterial Elicitor Flagellin Correlates with the Presence of Receptor-binding Sites (2001)

Flagellin, the main building block of the bacterial flagellum, acts as potent elicitor of defense responses in different plant species. Genetic analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana identified two distinct loci, termed FLS1 and FLS2, that are essential for perception of flagellin-derived elicitors. FLS2 was found to encode a leucine-rich repeat transmembrane receptor-like kinase with similarities to Toll-like receptors involved in the innate immune system of mammals and insects. Here we used a radiolabeled derivative of flg22, a synthetic peptide representing the elicitor-active domain of flagellin, to probe the interaction of flagellin with its receptor in A. thaliana. The high affinity binding site detected in intact cells and membrane preparations exhibited specificity for flagellin-derived peptides with biological activity as agonists or antagonists of the elicitor responses. Specific binding activity was measurable in all ecotypes of A. thaliana that show sensitivity to flagellin but was barely detectable in the flagellin-insensitive ecotype Ws-0 affected in FLS1. A strongly impaired binding of flagellin was observed also in several independent flagellin-insensitive mutants isolated from the flagellin-sensitive ecotype La-er. In particular, no binding was found in plants carrying a mutation in the LRR domain of FLS2. These data indicate that the formation of functional receptor-binding sites depends on genes encoded by both loci, FLS1 and FLS2. The tight correlation between the presence of the binding site and elicitor response provides strong evidence that this binding site acts as the physiological receptor of flagellin.
Ultrasonic vs. Inductive Power Delivery for Miniature Biomedical Implants (2010)

In this paper we compare two methods of wireless power delivery to implanted microdevices: ultrasonically and via inductive coupling. We build models for both methods and compare them in terms of power transmission efficiency, for different separations and receiver sizes. The simulation results show that at small distances between source and receiver (1 cm) the inductive system outperforms the ultrasonic one (efficiency of 81% vs. 39% for a receiver of 10 mm diameter). At larger distances (10 cm) the efficiencies of both systems reduce significantly, but the ultrasonic system demonstrates much better performance (0.2% vs. 0.013% for a 10 mm receiver). As the receiver gets smaller this gap increases drastically (0.02% vs. 0.02·10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> % for a 2 mm receiver) while the distance after which the ultrasonic system outperforms the inductive one reduces (from 2.9 cm for a 10 mm receiver to 1.5 cm for a 5 mm receiver).
Selective attention affects human brain stem frequency-following response (2003)

Selective attention modifies long-latency cortical event-related potentials. Amplitudes are typically enhanced and/or latencies reduced when evoking stimuli are attended. However, there is controversy concerning the effects of selective attention on short-latency brain stem evoked potentials. The objective of the present study was to assess possible attention effects on the brain stem auditory frequency-following response (FFR) elicited by a periodic tone. Young adult subjects heard a repetitive auditory stimulus while detecting infrequent target stimuli in either an auditory or visual detection task. Five channels of high frequency electroencephalographic (EEG) activity were recorded along the scalp midline with the center electrode positioned at the vertex. The FFR was elicited by the repetitive tone during both tasks. There were significant individual differences in the electrode sites yielding maximum response amplitudes, but overall FFR amplitudes were significantly larger during the auditory attention task. These results suggest that selective attention in humans can modify signal processing in sensory (afferent) pathways at the level of the brain stem. This may reflect top-down perceptual preprocessing mediated by extensive descending (efferent) pathways that originate in the cortex. Overall, the FFR appears to be a robust indicator of early auditory neural processing and shows effects not seen in brain stem auditory evoked response studies employing transient (click) acoustic stimuli.
Thermal decomposition of alkyl monolayers covalently grafted on (111) silicon (2006)

Alkyl monolayers have been covalently grafted onto atomically flat (111) hydrogenated silicon surfaces through hydrosilylation of 1-alkenes. The thermal stability of the layers under oxidizing or reducing atmospheres has been investigated by quantitative in situ infrared spectroscopy, using a specially designed variable-temperature cell. The layers are thermally stable up to 250°C. In the range of 250–300°C, the main reaction is alkene desorption accompanied with silicon oxidation. The characteristic desorption temperature is not significantly affected by changing the atmosphere, the initial packing density of the layers, or the chain length from C18 to C6, but very short chains appear more stable.
Schism (2010)

We present Schism, a novel workload-aware approach for database partitioning and replication designed to improve scalability of shared-nothing distributed databases. Because distributed transactions are expensive in OLTP settings (a fact we demonstrate through a series of experiments), our partitioner attempts to minimize the number of distributed transactions, while producing balanced partitions. Schism consists of two phases: i) a workload-driven, graph-based replication/partitioning phase and ii) an explanation and validation phase. The first phase creates a graph with a node per tuple (or group of tuples) and edges between nodes accessed by the same transaction, and then uses a graph partitioner to split the graph into k balanced partitions that minimize the number of cross-partition transactions. The second phase exploits machine learning techniques to find a predicate-based explanation of the partitioning strategy (i.e., a set of range predicates that represent the same replication/partitioning scheme produced by the partitioner). The strengths of Schism are: i) independence from the schema layout, ii) effectiveness on n-to-n relations, typical in social network databases, iii) a unified and fine-grained approach to replication and partitioning. We implemented and tested a prototype of Schism on a wide spectrum of test cases, ranging from classical OLTP workloads (e.g., TPC-C and TPC-E), to more complex scenarios derived from social network websites (e.g., Epinions.com), whose schema contains multiple n-to-n relationships, which are known to be hard to partition. Schism consistently outperforms simple partitioning schemes, and in some cases proves superior to the best known manual partitioning, reducing the cost of distributed transactions up to 30%.
Bacterial Cytological Profiling (BCP) as a Rapid and Accurate Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Method for Staphylococcus aureus (2016)

Successful treatment of bacterial infections requires the timely administration of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. The failure to initiate the correct therapy in a timely fashion results in poor clinical outcomes, longer hospital stays, and higher medical costs. Current approaches to antibiotic susceptibility testing of cultured pathogens have key limitations ranging from long run times to dependence on prior knowledge of genetic mechanisms of resistance. We have developed a rapid antimicrobial susceptibility assay for Staphylococcus aureus based on bacterial cytological profiling (BCP), which uses quantitative fluorescence microscopy to measure antibiotic induced changes in cellular architecture. BCP discriminated between methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and -resistant (MRSA) clinical isolates of S. aureus (n = 71) within 1-2 h with 100% accuracy. Similarly, BCP correctly distinguished daptomycin susceptible (DS) from daptomycin non-susceptible (DNS) S. aureus strains (n = 20) within 30 min. Among MRSA isolates, BCP further identified two classes of strains that differ in their susceptibility to specific combinations of beta-lactam antibiotics. BCP provides a rapid and flexible alternative to gene-based susceptibility testing methods for S. aureus, and should be readily adaptable to different antibiotics and bacterial species as new mechanisms of resistance or multidrug-resistant pathogens evolve and appear in mainstream clinical practice.
A synthetic surfactant based on a poly-Leu SP-C analog and phospholipids: effects on tidal volumes and lung gas volumes in ventilated immature newborn rabbits (2003)

Available surfactants for treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in newborn infants are derived from animal lungs, which limits supply and poses a danger of propagating infectious material. Poly-Val-->poly-Leu analogs of surfactant protein (SP)-C can be synthesized in large quantities and exhibit surface activity similar to SP-C. Here, activity of synthetic surfactants containing a poly-Leu SP-C analog (SP-C33) was evaluated in ventilated premature newborn rabbits. Treatment with 2.5 ml/kg body wt of 2% (wt/wt) SP-C33 in 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-3-glycero phosphoryl choline (DPPC)-1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-3-glycero phosphoryl choline (POPC)-1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-3-glycero phosphoryl glycerol (POPG), 68:0:31, 68:11:20, or 68:16:15 (wt/wt/wt) suspended at 80 mg/ml gave tidal volumes (Vt) of 20-25 ml/kg body wt, with an insufflation pressure of 25 cmH2O and no positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), comparable to the Vt for animals treated with the porcine surfactant Curosurf. Nontreated littermates had a Vt of approximately 2 ml/kg body wt. The Vt for SP-C33 in DPPC-egg phosphatidylglycerol-palmitic acid [68:22:9 (wt/wt/wt)], DPPC-POPG-palmitic acid [68:22:9 (wt/wt/wt)], and DPPC-POPC-POPG [6:2:2 (wt/wt/wt)] was 15-20 ml/kg body wt. Histological examination of lungs from animals treated with SP-C33-based surfactants showed incomplete, usually patchy air expansion of alveolar spaces associated with only mild airway epithelial damage. Lung gas volume after 30 min of mechanical ventilation were more than threefold larger in animals treated with Curosurf than in those receiving SP-C33 in DPPC-POPC-POPG, 68:11:20. This difference could be largely counterbalanced by ventilation with PEEP (3-4 cmH2O). An artificial surfactant based on SP-C33 improves Vt in immature newborn animals ventilated with standardized peak pressure but requires PEEP to build up adequate lung gas volumes.
Inhibition of mTOR Activates the MAPK Pathway in Glioblastoma Multiforme. (2010)

Tumorigenesis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive primary intracranial neoplasm, is associated with aberrant PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. Inhibitors of mTOR, such as rapamycin (RAPA) or its analogs, have provided limited benefit. Here, we aim to decipher the signaling pathways involved in RAPA resistance. We found that RAPA induced a time-dependent activation of MAPK (pERK1/2) and MEK1/2. Inhibition of upstream kinase MEK1/2 by U0126 partially suppressed RAPA-induced ERK1/2 activation. Small interfering RNA suppression of mTOR resulted in higher pERK1/2 levels and pre-treatment with RAPA potentiated PDGF-induced activation of ERK1/2. Furthermore, nuclear localization of pERK1/2 was evident following RAPA, which was MEK1/2-dependent. Cell proliferation was significantly suppressed by combined MEK1/2 and mTOR inhibition compared to mTOR inhibition alone. These results demonstrate activation of a mitogenic pathway involving a feedback mechanism between mTOR and PI3K/ERK1/2 and support the basis for combined inhibitors in GBM treatment.
Fortimicins A and B, new aminoglycoside antibiotics. II. Isolation, physico-chemical and chromatographic properties. (1977)

The aminoglycoside antibiotics fortimicins A and B produced by a naturally occurring strain Micromonospora sp. MK-70 were isolated from its fermentation beer. Fortimicins A and B were isolated as water-soluble, basic, white amorphous powders having molecular formula C17H35N5O6 and C15H32N4O5, respectively. Acid hydrolysis of fortimicin A indicatedthat it has one mole of glycine in its molecule while fortimicin B has not. Paper chromatography, silica-gel and carbon thin-layer chromatography revealed that fortimicins A and B are novel aminoglycoside antibiotics.
ChemInform Abstract: A SIMPLE NEW METHOD FOR PREPARATION OF 2‐SUBSTITUTED QUINAZOLINES (1978)

Abstract 2‐Dichlormethylphenylisocyanate (I) addieren Ammoniak zu den Hanrstoffen (II), die unter unterschiedlichen Bedingungen zu 2‐Oxo‐l ,2‐dihydrochinazolinen (III) cyclisieren.
Fibrin(ogen)-αMβ2Interactions Regulate Leukocyte Function and Innate Immunity In Vivo (2004)

In addition to its well-characterized role in hemostasis, fibrin(ogen) has been proposed to be a central regulator of the inflammatory response. Multiple in vitro studies have demonstrated that this hemostatic factor can alter leukocyte function, including cell adhesion, migration, cytokine and chemokine expression, degranulation, and other specialized processes. One important link between fibrin(ogen) and leukocyte biology appears to be the integrin receptor alpha(M)beta(2)/Mac-1, which binds to immobilized fibrin(ogen) and regulates leukocyte activities. Although it is well established that fibrin(ogen) is a ligand for alpha(M)beta(2), the precise molecular determinants that govern this interaction are only now becoming clear. A novel line of mice expressing a mutant form of fibrinogen (Fib gamma(390-396A)) has revealed that gamma chain residues 390-396 are important for the high-affinity engagement of fibrinogen by alpha(M)beta(2) and leukocyte function in vivo. Fibrinogen gamma(390-396A) failed to support alpha(M)beta(2)-mediated adhesion of primary neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages, and mice expressing this fibrinogen variant were found to exhibit a major defect in the host inflammatory response following acute challenges. Most notably, Fib gamma(390-396A) mice display a profound impediment in Staphylococcus aureus elimination by leukocytes following intraperitoneal inoculation. These findings have positively established the physiological importance of fibrin(ogen) as a ligand for alpha(M)beta(2) and illustrate that the fibrin(ogen) gamma chain residues 390-396 constitute a critical feature of the alpha(M)beta(2) binding motif. Finally, the Fib gamma(390-396A) mice represent a valuable system for better defining the contribution of fibrin(ogen) to the inflammatory response in the absence of any confounding alteration in clotting function.
A comparison between the axial flux and the radial flux structures for PM synchronous motors (2002)

The aim of the paper is the comparison of the axial flux (AF) structures versus the conventional radial flux (RF) structures for PM synchronous motors. The comparison procedure is based on simple thermal considerations. Two motor typologies are chosen and compared in terms of delivered electromagnetic torque. The comparison is developed for different motor dimensions and the pole number influence is put into evidence. The paper reports the complete comparison procedure and the related results analysis. The obtained results show that, when the axial length is very short and the pole number is high, axial flux motors can be an attractive alternative to conventional radial flux solutions.
Optical coherence computed tomography (2007)

A time-resolved optical tomography, optical coherence computed tomography, is proposed to bridge the gap between diffuse optical tomography and optical coherence tomography. Both ballistic and multiple-scattered photons are measured at multiple source-detection positions by low-coherence interferometry providing a temporal resolution smaller than 100fs. A light-tissue interaction model was established using the time-resolved Monte Carlo method. The optical properties were then reconstructed by solving the inverse transient radiative transport problem under the first Born approximation. Absorbing inclusions of 100μm diameter were imaged through a 2.6-mm-thick (∼30 scattering mean-free-paths) scattering medium.
The Mechanics of Sand Movement in Fracturing (1959)

Introduction Many factors influence the results of hydraulic fracturing to stimulate well productivity. Most of these factors have been studied and their effects discussed in the literature. However, the movement of sand through the crack during fracturing has received little consideration. Exactly where the sand goes in the fracture, how it gets there, and how this might influence results have not been studied, judging from published reports. To get an answer to some of these questions we have studied sand movement through a simulated crack segment in the laboratory. Although the work is preliminary, we have answered some questions about sand movement in a semiquantitative sense. We are reporting our results at this time in the hope of stimulating interest and further study in this important aspect of fracturing. Laboratory Experiments Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of equipment used in this study. A segment of a vertical crack 0.25-in. wide was formed between two Plexiglas plates, and movement of sand in fluid through the crack was observed under various conditions. Sand and fluid were injected into the crack at constant rates. The top and bottom of the crack were closed so that the fluid flowed horizontally. Because of gravity most of the sand settled to the bottom before moving very far through the crack. If the fluid velocity exceeded a certain critical value, then all the sand injected was washed on through the crack even though it had settled to the bottom. When the fluid velocity was less than this value when sand injection was started, most of the sand which settled in the crack remained in place until enough of the area open to fluid flow was blocked by the settled sand to increase the fluid velocity to the critical value. At this point all injected sand moved on through the crack even though it settled to the lower portion of the moving fluid section. All sand previously settled remained in place.
Implementation of a parallel transport subsystem on a multiprocessor architecture (2002)

Requirements of emerging applications together with rapid changes in networking technology towards gigabit speeds require new adequate transport systems. Integrated designs of transport services, protocol architecture, and implementation platforms are needed for the requirements of forthcoming applications in high-speed network environments. The transport subsystem PATROCLOS (Parallel Transport subsystem for cell based high speed networks) is designed with special emphasis on a high degree of inherent parallelism to allow efficient implementations on multiprocessor architectures combined with specialised hardware for very time critical functions. The paper presents transport system design guidelines based on experiences gained with parallel implementations of transport and network layer protocols on transputer networks, an implementation architecture for PATROCLOS based on transputer networks and results of a performance evaluation, which indicate promising throughput values.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>