gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Putative pheromone receptors related to the Ca 2+ -sensing receptor in Fugu (1998)

By a combination of PCR with degenerate primers and low stringency probing, we have isolated a large family of genes related to the Ca2+-sensing receptor from the genome of Fugu rubripes. One of the genes (type I) is the Fugu homologue of the Ca2+-sensing receptor. The remaining genes can be divided into five classes (type II-VI) on the bases of gene structure. In several types, the genes occur in clusters as tandem arrays. These genes appear to be the homologues of the vomeronasal pheromone receptors recently described in rodents. The Fugu genes are expressed in the tissues of the nose, suggesting that they may have a similar physiological role.
Dual-Energy CT of the Heart (2012)

Compared with dynamic CT approaches, DECT has advantages regarding radiation dose and clinical applicability. In this review, the literature on DECT of the heart is discussed.
A Phase II Study of Lonafarnib (SCH66336) in Patients With Chemorefractory, Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (2009)

Lonafarnib at a dose of 200 mg b.i.d. was well-tolerated. However, there were no objective responses observed in the first 15 patients enrolled in this study, and the study was closed to further accrual, as per predefined criteria. Further evaluation of lonafarnib in platinum-refractory SCCHN is not planned.
Channel Coding Rate in the Finite Blocklength Regime (2010)

This paper investigates the maximal channel coding rate achievable at a given blocklength and error probability. For general classes of channels new achievability and converse bounds are given, which are tighter than existing bounds for wide ranges of parameters of interest, and lead to tight approximations of the maximal achievable rate for blocklengths <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> as short as 100. It is also shown analytically that the maximal rate achievable with error probability <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">¿</i> isclosely approximated by C - ¿(V/n) Q <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> (¿) where C is the capacity, V is a characteristic of the channel referred to as channel dispersion , and Q is the complementary Gaussian cumulative distribution function.
Genetic characterization of a pentatricopeptide repeat protein gene, orf687, that restores fertility in the cytoplasmic male‐sterile Kosena radish (2003)

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in plants is a maternally inherited inability to produce functional pollen, and is often associated with mitochondrial DNA abnormalities. Specific nuclear loci that suppress CMS, termed as restorers of fertility (Rf), have been identified. Previously, we identified an Rf for the CMS Kosena radish and used genetic analysis to identify the locus and create a contig covering the critical interval. To identify the Rf gene, we introduced each of the lambda and cosmid clones into the CMS Brassica napus and scored for fertility restoration. Fertility restoration was observed when one of the lambda clones was introduced into the CMS B. napus. Furthermore, introduction of a 4.7-kb BamHI/HpaI fragment of the lambda clone is enough to restore male fertility. A cDNA strand isolated from a positive fragment contained a predicted protein (ORF687) of 687 amino acids comprising 16 repeats of the 35-amino acid pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) motif. Kosena CMS radish plants were found to express an allele of this gene possessing four substituted amino acids in the second and third repeats of the PPR suggesting that the domains formed by these repeats in ORF687 are essential for fertility restoration. Protein levels of the Kosena CMS-associated mitochondrial protein ORF125 were considerably reduced in plants in which fertility was restored, although mRNA expression was normal. Regarding the possible role for PPR-containing proteins in the regulation of the mitochondrial gene, we propose that ORF687 functions either directly or indirectly to lower the levels of ORF125, resulting in the restoration of fertility in CMS plants.
Liposome suppression of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Rabbit model using antimetabolite encapsulated liposomes. (1991)

The effects of the antimetabolites, cytarabine (Ara-C) and 5-fluorouridine 5'-monophosphate (FUMP), encapsulated in multivesicular liposomes on formation of vitreous fibroproliferative membranes in New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits were studied. In pharmacokinetic studies, the drug half-life in the vitreous cavity was 124 hr after intravitreal administration of 1.0 mg of FUMP in liposomes. By contrast, the drug half-life after a single injection in nonliposome-treated controls was only 4.5 hr. In a heterologous dermal fibroblast model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), there was a 92% decrease in frequency of tractional retinal detachments in rabbits receiving a single intravitreal injection of liposome-encapsulated 0.1 mg of FUMP compared with controls receiving liposomes without drug. A dose of 1 mg of Ara-C in liposome-treated rabbits was associated with only a 46% reduction in tractional detachment compared with controls. Multivesicular liposome-encapsulated FUMP may be useful for inhibiting formation of fibroproliferative membranes in the vitreous after vitreoretinal surgery.
Interaction between endothelial cells and the secreted cytokine drives the fate of an IL4‐ or an IL5‐transduced tumour (1998)

Injection of interleukin-4 (IL4) gene-transduced tumour cells into syngeneic immunocompetent mice resulted in tumour rejection in which a key role for eosinophils was suggested. To evaluate whether IL5 inhibits tumour growth by selectively inducing eosinophil recruitment and activation, a poorly differentiated mammary adenocarcinoma cell line (TSA) was transfected with the IL5 gene and the cells secreting IL5 (TSA-IL5) were injected subcutaneously (s.c.) in syngeneic mice. The oncogenicity of TSA-IL5 was compared with that exhibited by TSA cells transfected with the IL4 gene (TSA-IL4) and with the neomycin resistance gene only (TSA-neo). At progressive times after subcutaneous challenge, tumour growth areas were studied histologically, ultrastructurally, and immunohistochemically to identify the reactive cells, visualize tumour vessels, and detect the cytokines and chemokines involved in the anti-tumour reaction. Both the morphological and the functional data showed that TSA-IL5, despite the large eosinophil infiltrate, grew progressively like TSA-neo, suggesting that eosinophils per se do not play a crucial role in TSA tumour rejection. Furthermore, our data indicate that the rejection of TSA-IL4 depends on the IL4-induced expression of VCAM-1 and MCP-1 by endothelial cells. MCP-1 together with VCAM-1 results in recruitment and activation of basophils, mast cells, and macrophages, and hence a pro-inflammatory cytokine cascade that initially favours the influx and activation of neutrophils and finally tumour rejection. In this context, the rejection of TSA-IL4 seems to involve a variety of reactive cells and rests on a continuous cross-talk between basophils, mast cells, macrophages, CD8-positive lymphocytes, and granulocyte subsets, mostly neutrophils. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlled deposition of nanotubes on opposing electrodes (2005)

We report a method of depositing individual &amp;apos;templated carbon nanotubes&amp;apos; (T-CNTs) on opposing electrodes so that they are suspended across 100 mu m deep trenches, and in separate experiments across low profile (70 nm thick) opposing electrodes. The geometry of the electrodes with deep trenches was chosen to be essentially identical to that in a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) testing stage used for mechanical loading of nanostructures. An electric field was used to attract the T-CNTs dispersed in a solvent and critical point drying was employed to protect them from breaking or deforming. The real-time potential change in the circuit was monitored as a means of characterizing the deposition of an individual T-CNT across this deep trench. For the case of sequential deposition on electrodes that are 70 nm above the substrate surface, a method was developed for counting the number of sequentially deposited T-CNTs. Simultaneous video recording of the deposition of T-CNTs confirmed the measured real-time potential changes for both cases. It was found that the resistance of the circuit changed as each new T-CNT was deposited for the sequential deposition; up to five T-CNTs were sequentially detected. This approach allows for controlled deposition of one-dimensional nanostructures for their potential use in NEMS devices, and may be useful for large-scale integration.
Hycones: a hybrid approach to designing decision support systems. (1996)

Hycones II is a tool that facilitates the construction of hybrid connectionist expert systems to solve problems in classification. Hycones II provides a hybrid system that integrates frames with three types of neural network: the "combinatorial" neural model (CNM), the "Fuzzy ARTMAP" model, and the "Semantic ART" (SMART) model, a combination of the CNM and Fuzzy ART-MAP. We will compare the ability of these three models to solve diagnostic problems in two medical domains.
Sound attenuation as a function of depth in the sea floor (1976)

Recently published data on the attenuation of compressional (sound) waves in marine sediments and sedimentary rocks as a function of frequency and sediment porosity have been added to previously published figures. The revised figure illustrating attenuation as a function of frequency (5 Hz–1 MHz), and attendant discussion, continue to support the conclusion that attenuation is approximately related to the first power of frequency in sands, muds, and sedimentary rocks. The revised figure illustrating sediment porosity versus attenuation affirms that sediment porosity is an important index property which can be used to predict sound attenuation in surficial sediments. Data were collected and illustrated on sound attenuation as a function of depth in the sea floor. It is concluded that attenuation decreases with about the −1/6 power of depth in sands. As a silt–clay sediment (mud), or turbidite, is placed under increasing overburden pressure, there may be a progressive increase in attenuation due to reduction in sediment porosity, and a progressive decrease in attenuation due to increasing pressure on the sediment mineral frame. At about 200-m depth a null point may be reached. Thereafter, pressure is the dominant effect, and attenuation decreases smoothly with depth and overburden pressure. The figure can be used to aid prediction of sound attenuation in sediment and rock layers in the sea floor. Subject Classification: [43]30.20.
Directional cues for growing axons forming the retinotectal projection (1987)

ABSTRACT In the formation of projections that map one area of the nervous system onto another, guidance of axonal growth cones by directional cues encoded in target tissues is well established by observations on misrouted fibres, though other mechanisms contribute to the precision of connectivity patterns. General physical principles indicate that, if there is directional guidance of normally as well as misrouted axons, leading them toward their appropriate target positions, the inference for a role of graded distributions of molecules is a strong one. As explained in this paper, curving, meandering, branching and shifting connections are fully consistent with a crucial role of directional cues encoded by graded molecular distributions. A model is proposed according to which slight directional cues are strongly enhanced within the axonal growth cone; if the proximal part of the growth cone is activated indicating that the growth cone points in an entirely wrong direction, then a discontinuous directional change such as branching is elicited. Pathways are corrected in this way, and near the appropriate target position the terminal arbour is formed because from there all routes point towards less optimal positions, leading to multiple branching.
The Dictyostelium discoideum family of Rho-related proteins (2001)

Taking advantage of the ongoing Dictyostelium genome sequencing project, we have assembled >73 kb of genomic DNA in 15 contigs harbouring 15 genes and one pseudogene of Rho-related proteins. Comparison with EST sequences revealed that every gene is interrupted by at least one and up to four introns. For racC extensive alternative splicing was identified. Northern blot analysis showed that mRNAs for racA, racE, racG, racH and racI were present at all stages of development, whereas racJ and racL were expressed only at late stages. Amino acid sequences have been analysed in the context of Rho-related proteins of other organisms. Rac1a/1b/1c, RacF1/F2 and to a lesser extent RacB and the GTPase domain of RacA can be grouped in the Rac subfamily. None of the additional Dictyostelium Rho-related proteins belongs to any of the well-defined subfamilies, like Rac, Cdc42 or Rho. RacD and RacA are unique in that they lack the prenylation motif characteristic of Rho proteins. RacD possesses a 50 residue C-terminal extension and RacA a 400 residue C-terminal extension that contains a proline-rich region, two BTB domains and a novel C-terminal domain. We have also identified homologues for RacA in Drosophila and mammals, thus defining a new subfamily of Rho proteins, RhoBTB.
Multiple Sclerosis and Its Treatment (1999)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common neurological disorder responsible for substantial neurological morbidity. Although it is considered to be an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), mediated by antigen-specific CD4+ T helper (Th1) T-cells, therapeutic strategies aimed at generalised immunosuppression have been disappointing. Recently, immunomodulatory therapies like interferon (IFN)-beta and glatiramer acetate have proved more effective. They reduce the rate and severity of clinical relapses and, in the case of IFN-beta, delay the rate of disease progression. Symptomatic therapies and rehabilitation, however, remain the mainstay of treatment for the majority of patients with MS. The immunopathogenesis of MS and its treatments, both disease modifying and symptomatic, are reviewed below.
c-MET as a potential therapeutic target and biomarker in cancer (2011)

The receptor tyrosine kinase c-MET and its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), regulate multiple cellular processes that stimulate cell proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis. This review provides an overview of the evidence to support c-MET or the HGF/c-MET signaling pathway as relevant targets for personalized cancer treatment based on high frequencies of c-MET and/or HGF overexpression, activation, amplification in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), gastric, ovarian, pancreatic, thyroid, breast, head and neck, colon and kidney carcinomas. Additionally, the current knowledge of small molecule inhibitors (tivantinib [ARQ 197]), c-MET/HGF antibodies (rilotumumab and MetMAb) and mechanisms of resistance to c-MET-targeted therapies are discussed.
Imaging in breast cancer: Single-photon computed tomography and positron-emission tomography (2005)

Although mammography remains a key imaging method for the early detection and screening of breast cancer, the overall accuracy of this test remains low. Several radiopharmaceuticals have been proposed as adjunct imaging methods to characterize breast masses by single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron-emission tomography (PET). Useful in characterizing indeterminate palpable masses and in the detection of axillary metastases, these techniques are insufficiently sensitive to detect subcentimetric tumor deposits. Their role in staging nodal involvement of the axillary areas therefore currently remains limited. Several enzymes and receptors have been targeted for imaging breast cancers with PET. [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose is particularly useful in the detection and staging of recurrent breast cancer and in assessing the response to chemotherapy. Several other ligands targeting proliferative activity, protein synthesis, and hormone and cell-membrane receptors may complement this approach by providing unique information about biological characteristics of breast cancer across primary and metastatic tumor sites.
Resilient multicast using overlays (2003)

We introduce PRM (Probabilistic Resilient Multicast): a multicast data recovery scheme that improves data delivery ratios while maintaining low end-to-end latencies. PRM has both a proactive and a reactive component; in this paper we describe how PRM can be used to improve the performance of application-layer multicast protocols, especially when there are high packet losses and host failures. Further, using analytic techniques, we show that PRM can guarantee arbitrarily high data delivery ratios and low latency bounds. As a detailed case study, we show how PRM can be applied to the NICE application-layer multicast protocol. We present detailed simulations of the PRM-enhanced NICE protocol for 10,000 node Internet-like topologies. Simulations show that PRM achieves a high delivery ratio (> 97%) with a low latency bound (600 ms) for environments with high end-to-end network losses (1-5%) and high topology change rates (5 changes per second) while incurring very low overheads (< 5%).
SOI technology performance and modelling (2003)

Power consumption is now a major concern for high-performance digital systems and portable applications. The most efficient technological approach for reducing power consumption is power-supply voltage (V/sub dd/) scaling. Threshold voltage (V/sub t/) must consequently be reduced to maintain speed but its lowest value is set by the maximum tolerable off-current (I/sub off/). Various SOI device architectures (fully-depleted or FD, partially or non-fully depleted or PD) are suggested and used either for high-speed or low-power applications. Emergence of CMOS/SOI technologies was not possible in the past because of the lack of a reliable SOI substrate in large quantities. SIMOX substrate quality is improved, and SOI substrates are now available using different wafer-bonding techniques. From a technology point of view, SOI is now mature enough to be used in commercial products.
Neutron Radiotherapy for Malignant Gliomas (1989)

Neutron radiotherapy has been used for patients with malignant gliomas for over a decade; a substantial number of patients have been treated to date. Pathologic analysis of surgical specimens posttreatment and autopsy specimens have documented an increased antitumor effect of neutrons against malignant gliomas, compared with photon irradiation. However, results of neutron trials to date have not shown a survival advantage over conventional radiotherapy for these patients. This article reviews current surgical, radiotherapeutic, and chemotherapeutic approaches to these tumors, the rationale for neutron treatment, and the results of trials of neutron radiotherapy conducted to date for patients with malignant gliomas.
Pulmonary Clearance and Phagocytic Cell Response in a Murine Model of Branhamella catarrhalis Infection (1990)

C5-sufficient Swiss-Webster mice (C5+) and C5-deficient DBA/2J mice (C5-) when challenged endotracheally with 2 x 10(7) cfu of Branhamella catarrhalis rapidly clear the lungs of viable bacteria in 48 h. This rapid clearance correlates with a striking influx of polymorphonuclear neutrophils that is of equal magnitude in both C5+ and C5- animals. Supernatant from Todd-Hewitt broth culture of B. catarrhalis exhibits in vivo chemotactic activity in the murine lung and in vitro chemotactic activity in Boyden chambers. The ability of B. catarrhalis to recruit granulocytes, independent of complement, may suggest a role for this organism in promoting protease-mediated lung destruction.
Crystalline and thermal properties of bacterial copolyesters: poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystalline and thermal properties of bacterial copolyesters: poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate)Masao Kunioka, Akira Tamaki, and Yoshiharu DoiCite this: Macromolecules 1989, 22, 2, 694–697Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00192a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00192a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1443Altmetric-Citations327LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of Nanophase Iron Oxide in Lumazine Synthase Capsids (2001)

An enzyme-based bio-nanoreactor: By acting as a mineralization template, lumazine synthase, a 60-subunit enzyme complex which has a hollow porous shell, can fabricate nanocrystalline iron oxide. Fe ions can permeate the capsid through hydrophilic funnel-shaped channels lined with glutamic acid residues (see picture) and become encapsulated in the cavity as FeIII oxide. The capsid increases in size from 15 to 30 nm in diameter through formation of a higher order structure as the concentration of FeIII increases.
Excitability differences in lower‐limb motor axons during and after ischemia (2004)

Neuropathic diseases typically begin distally and spread proximally. Irrespective of the etiology, pathological investigations often indicate changes consistent with ischemia. In the present study, threshold tracking was used to investigate length-dependent differences in ischemic susceptibility of lower-limb axons in 6 healthy volunteers, with ischemia induced by a sphygmomanometer cuff inflated to 200 mm Hg and maintained for 13 minutes. Following stimulation of the peroneal nerve at the fibula neck, compound muscle action potentials were recorded proximally from tibialis anterior (TA) and distally from extensor digitorum brevis (EDB). During ischemia, excitability changes were consistent with nerve depolarization, with a greater reduction in threshold in EDB than TA. This reduction in threshold was associated with an increase in refractoriness, decrease in superexcitability, and prolongation of strength-duration time constant, consistent with axonal depolarization. With release of ischemia, reversal of these changes was associated with an increase in threshold, greater in EDB than TA, indicating axonal hyperpolarization. The rate of recovery of threshold was similar proximally and distally, arguing against a gradient in Na(+)/K(+) pump function along the peroneal nerve. The greater changes in threshold in EDB during and after ischemia suggest an increased susceptibility of more distal axons to ischemia and are likely to contribute to the length-dependent development of neuropathy.