gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human resource management and the politics of knowledge: (1995)

Explores the question of how specialist expertise is related to the organizational decision‐making process. This relationship is seen as an important issue in the integration of HRM with corporate strategy, and as having implications for HRM concerns with organizational and career structure, employee development, flexibility and culture. The relationship is seen as political in that it affects the extent to which technical experts are enabled to influence strategic decisions. It is also therefore of strategic significance in facilitating (or otherwise) the development and use of the knowledge base. Suggests that the HRM function needs to confront the challenges posed by expertise in the organization′s social process. The importance of identifying and developing the knowledge base across the technical as well as the social system is advocated as having an impact on competitive position. The discussion is illustrated with examples drawn from seven companies in which the relationship of scientific knowledge to the decision‐making process was being studied.
Ticagrelor Versus Clopidogrel in Patients With ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes Intended for Reperfusion With Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (2010)

URL: http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00391872.
Steroidogenesis inhibitors. 1. Adrenal inhibitory and interceptive activity of trilostane and related compounds (1984)

Several methylated derivatives of trilostane were prepared. Methylation of C-4 or C-4 and C-17 changes this relatively selective adrenal inhibitor to compounds with increased ovarian/placental inhibitory activity with decreased adrenal inhibitory activity.
VEGF as a Key Mediator of Angiogenesis in Cancer (2005)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a homodimeric glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 45 kDa. It is the key mediator of angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels), and binds two VEGF receptors (VEGF receptor-1 and VEGF receptor-2), which are expressed on vascular endothelial cells. In healthy humans, VEGF promotes angiogenesis in embryonic development and is important in wound healing in adults. VEGF is the key mediator of angiogenesis in cancer, in which it is up-regulated by oncogene expression, a variety of growth factors and also hypoxia. Angiogenesis is essential for cancer development and growth: before a tumor can grow beyond 1-2 mm, it requires blood vessels for nutrients and oxygen. The production of VEGF and other growth factors by the tumor results in the 'angiogenic switch', where new vasculature is formed in and around the tumor, allowing it to grow exponentially. Tumor vasculature formed under the influence of VEGF is structurally and functionally abnormal. Blood vessels are irregularly shaped, tortuous, have dead ends and are not organized into venules, arterioles and capillaries. They are also leaky and hemorrhagic, which leads to high interstitial pressure. These characteristics mean that tumor blood flow is suboptimal, resulting in hypoxia and further VEGF production. This central role of VEGF in the production of tumor vasculature makes it a rational target for anticancer therapy.
Probe and Adapt: Rate Adaptation for HTTP Video Streaming At Scale (2014)

Today, the technology for video streaming over the Internet is converging towards a paradigm named HTTP-based adaptive streaming (HAS), which brings two new features. First, by using HTTP/TCP, it leverages network-friendly TCP to achieve both firewall/NAT traversal and bandwidth sharing. Second, by pre-encoding and storing the video in a number of discrete rate levels, it introduces video bitrate adaptivity in a scalable way so that the video encoding is excluded from the closed-loop adaptation. A conventional wisdom in HAS design is that since the TCP throughput observed by a client would indicate the available network bandwidth, it could be used as a reliable reference for video bitrate selection. We argue that this is no longer true when HAS becomes a substantial fraction of the total network traffic. We show that when multiple HAS clients compete at a network bottleneck, the discrete nature of the video bitrates results in difficulty for a client to correctly perceive its fair-share bandwidth. Through analysis and test bed experiments, we demonstrate that this fundamental limitation leads to video bitrate oscillation and other undesirable behaviors that negatively impact the video viewing experience. We therefore argue that it is necessary to design at the application layer using a "probe and adapt" principle for video bitrate adaptation (where "probe" refers to trial increment of the data rate, instead of sending auxiliary piggybacking traffic), which is akin, but also orthogonal to the transport-layer TCP congestion control. We present PANDA - a client-side rate adaptation algorithm for HAS - as a practical embodiment of this principle. Our test bed results show that compared to conventional algorithms, PANDA is able to reduce the instability of video bitrate selection by over 75% without increasing the risk of buffer underrun.
Gut Microbiome Imbalance and Neuroinflammation: Impact of COVID‐19 on Parkinson's Disease (2020)

Neurological manifestations in some coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and the neuroinvasive potential of its causative agent, the newly discovered severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have increasingly attracted the attention of the neuroscience community. Less obvious from a neurologic perspective is the impact of the gastrointestinal (GI) abnormalities caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, notably an imbalance of the gut microbiome (dysbiosis) and intestinal inflammation, on gut-brain axis FIG. Viral infection might promote gut dysbiosis and intestinal inflammation, which can lead to impaired mucosal integrity and release of LPS that, in turn, might stimulate the formation of deposits of aSyn in enteric nerves and neuroinflammation via microglial activation. Viral infection may also induce an increase in aSyn expression in enteric neurons as part of the immune response to the infection, contributing to the formation of aSyn aggregates that eventually may migrate from the intestine to the brain via the vagal nerve.
Characterization and derivation of the gene coding for mitochondrial carbamyl phosphate synthetase I of rat. (1985)

The nucleotide sequence of rat carbamyl phosphate synthetase I mRNA has been determined from the complementary DNA. The mRNA comprises minimally 5,645 nucleotides and codes for a polypeptide of 164,564 Da corresponding to the precursor form of the rat liver enzyme. The primary sequence of mature rat carbamyl phosphate synthetase I indicates that the precursor is cleaved at one of two leucines at residues 38 or 39. The derived amino acid sequence of carbamyl phosphate synthetase I is homologous to the sequences of carbamyl phosphate synthetase of Escherichia coli and yeast. The sequence homology extends along the entire length of the rat polypeptide and encompasses the entire sequences of both the small and large subunits of the E. coli and yeast enzymes. The protein sequence data provide strong evidence that the carbamyl phosphate synthetase I gene of rat, the carAB gene of E. coli, and the CPA1 and CPA2 genes of yeast were derived from common ancestral genes. Part of the rat carbamyl phosphate synthetase I gene has been characterized with two nonoverlapping phage clones spanning 28.7 kilobases of rat chromosomal DNA. This region contains 13 exons ranging in size from 68 to 195 base pairs and encodes the 453 carboxyl-terminal amino acids of the rat protein. Southern hybridization analysis of rat genomic DNA indicates the carbamyl phosphate synthetase I gene to be present in single copy.
Protection against HIV-1 infection in hu-PBL-SCID mice by passive immunization with a neutralizing human monoclonal antibody against the gp120 CD4-binding site (1995)

This study demonstrates for the first time that complete protection against HIV-1 infection can be achieved in the hu-PBL-SCID model by passive immunization with physiologically relevant doses of a human gp120 CD4-binding site antibody derived from natural infection.
<title>Applications of semiconducting diamond and related materials</title> (1994)

Diamond and related materials have rather unique properties rendering them not only with commensurately unique applications, but also with unique synthesis and processing requirements. The unique properties, when properly exploited, can lead to enabling new applications. The special processing requirements and the unique applications are addressed.
Potentiation of anti-cancer drug activity at low intratumoral pH induced by the mitochondrial inhibitor m-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) and its analogue benzylguanidine (BG) (1999)

Tumour-selective acidification is of potential interest for enhanced therapeutic gain of pH sensitive drugs. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of a tumour-selective reduction of the extracellular and intracellular pH and their effect on the tumour response of selected anti-cancer drugs. In an in vitro L1210 leukaemic cell model, we confirmed enhanced cytotoxicity of chlorambucil at low extracellular pH conditions. In contrast, the alkylating drugs melphalan and cisplatin, and bioreductive agents mitomycin C and its derivative EO9, required low intracellular pH conditions for enhanced activation. Furthermore, a strong and pH-independent synergism was observed between the pH-equilibrating drug nigericin and melphalan, of which the mechanism is unclear. In radiation-induced fibrosarcoma (RIF-1) tumour-bearing mice, the extracellular pH was reduced by the mitochondrial inhibitor m-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) or its analogue benzylguanidine (BG) plus glucose. To simultaneously reduce the intracellular pH, MIBG plus glucose were combined with the ionophore nigericin or the Na+/H+ exchanger inhibitor amiloride and the Na+-dependent HCO3-/Cl- exchanger inhibitor 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid (DIDS). Biochemical studies confirmed an effective reduction of the extracellular pH to approximately 6.2, and anti-tumour responses to the interventions indicated a simultaneous reduction of the intracellular pH below 6.6 for at least 3 h. Combined reduction of extra- and intracellular tumour pH with melphalan increased the tumour regrowth time to 200% of the pretreatment volume from 5.7 +/- 0.6 days for melphalan alone to 8.1 +/- 0.7 days with pH manipulation (P < 0.05). Mitomycin C related tumour growth delay was enhanced by the combined interventions from 3.8 +/- 0.5 to 5.2 +/- 0.5 days (P < 0.05), but only in tumours of relatively large sizes. The interventions were non-toxic alone or in combination with the anti-cancer drugs and did not affect melphalan biodistribution. In conclusion, we have developed non-toxic interventions for sustained and selective reduction of extra- and intracellular tumour pH which potentiated the tumour responses to selected anti-cancer drugs.
On the origin of the bilateral filter and ways to improve it (2002)

Additive noise removal from a given signal is an important problem in signal processing. Among the most appealing aspects of this field are the ability to refer it to a well-established theory, and the fact that the proposed algorithms in this field are efficient and practical. Adaptive methods based on anisotropic diffusion (AD), weighted least squares (WLS), and robust estimation (RE) were proposed as iterative locally adaptive machines for noise removal. Tomasi and Manduchi (see Proc. 6th Int. Conf. Computer Vision, New Delhi, India, p.839-46, 1998) proposed an alternative noniterative bilateral filter for removing noise from images. This filter was shown to give similar and possibly better results to the ones obtained by iterative approaches. However, the bilateral filter was proposed as an intuitive tool without theoretical connection to the classical approaches. We propose such a bridge, and show that the bilateral filter also emerges from the Bayesian approach, as a single iteration of some well-known iterative algorithm. Based on this observation, we also show how the bilateral filter can be improved and extended to treat more general reconstruction problems.
Successful medical treatment of a severe reaction to red tattoo pigment. (2014)

Tattoo allergies are often eczematous skin rashes that can be complicated by ulceration and infection. These allergies are difficult to resolve, sometimes requiring surgical or laser intervention, with varying success. Here we present a case of a 29-year-old woman with a serious skin allergic reaction to red tattoo ink that ulcerated and became secondarily infected. The patient expressed a desire to have the tattoo allergic reaction treated while preserving the cosmetic appearance of her tattoo for sentimental reasons. This case is being presented to provide an effective treatment algorithm for managing allergic tattoo reactions with ulceration and co-infection, while preserving the aesthetic integrity of the tattoo.
Energy Transfer between Biological Membranes (2006)

The crystal structures of two transport proteins associated with a fragment of the TonB protein have been reported for the first time in two recent papers. TonB is implicated in transferring energy from the cytoplasmic membrane to the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The very similar structures of the protein complexes define the mode of interactions of TonB with active transport proteins.
0.5-V input digital LDO with 98.7% current efficiency and 2.7-&#x00B5;A quiescent current in 65nm CMOS (2010)

Digital LDO is proposed to provide the low noise and tunable power supply voltage to the 0.5-V near-threshold logic circuits. Because the conventional LDO feedback-controlled by the operational amplifier fail to operate at 0.5V, the digital LDO eliminates all analog circuits and is controlled by digital circuits, which enables the 0.5-V operation. The developed digital LDO in 65nm CMOS achieved the 0.5-V input voltage and 0.45-V output voltage with 98.7% current efficiency and 2.7-μA quiescent current at 200-μA load current. Both the input voltage and the quiescent current are the lowest values in the published LDO's, which indicates the good energy efficiency of the digital LDO at 0.5-V operation.
Mechanism of Photostimulated Luminescence Process in BaFBr:Eu2+Phosphors (1994)

The formation of photostimulated luminescence (PSL) centers in BaFBr:Eu 2+ single-crystal phosphors is studied in the 5–9 eV vacuum ultraviolet region. The centers are efficiently formed by the Eu 2+ photoionization absorption at 6.6 eV. The PSL excitation spectrum after the photoionization excitation is almost the same as that after X-ray excitation. Photoconductivity is generated in the PSL process after the photoionization excitation. These results present further confirmation of the PSL mechanism of Takahashi et al. . [J. Lumin. 31 &amp; 32 (1984) 266]. The numerical analysis of the dependence of the PSL intensity on X-ray excitation intensity, assuming bimolecular kinetics in accord with this mechanism, gives the linear dependence over a very wide range of X-ray intensity under the practical conditions in the PSL applications. Thus the mechanism of Takahashi et al. . is definitely established.
Water-stress-induced changes in the abscisic acid content of guard cells and other cells of Vicia faba L. leaves as determined by enzyme-amplified immunoassay (1988)

A highly sensitive, solid-phase, enzyme-amplified immunoassay for the plant growth regulator (+)-abscisic acid (ABA) was developed. The assay sensitivity (0.2-10 fmol) was sufficient for analyzing free ABA in homogeneous tissue samples dissected from Vicia faba L. leaves. Eight hours after detached leaves had been desiccated to 10% loss of fresh weight, the bulk leaf ABA content increased from </=0.2 to 6.2 ng.(mg dry weight)(-1). Epidermal tissue, spongy parenchyma cells, and palisade parenchyma cells from this water-stressed leaf had the following ABA contents, respectively: 4.8, 9.4, and 9.0 ng.(mg dry weight)(-1). Guard cells, which respond to exogenous ABA by losing solutes and volume, were also assayed. When they were dissected from control (fully hydrated) leaves, their ABA content was approximately 0.7 fg.(cell pair)(-1) [[unk]0.2 ng.(mg dry weight)(-1)]. In contrast, the ABA content of guard cells of water-stressed leaves was approximately 17.7 fg.(cell pair)(-1). These results indicate that ABA accumulation in a highly stressed V. faba leaflet is generalized; guard cells contain only 0.15% of bulk leaf ABA. The time course for loss of ABA from guard cells of a floating epidermal peel was studied. There was little loss within 30 min, but after 4 hr, the ABA content was only 17% of the original value. These results indicate that the bulk of guard cell ABA is not readily diffusible (i.e., probably not apoplastic). The results also indicate that common laboratory procedures results in lowered guard cell ABA content.
Kinetics and mechanism of cyclic esters polymerization initiated with tin(II) octoate, 1. Polymerization ofη-caprolactone (1998)

Kinetics of polymerization of ε-caprolactone (CL) initiated with tin(II) octoate (Sn(Oct)2) in THF as a solvent at 80°C was studied. The results strongly indicate that polymerization initiated with Sn(Oct)2 proceeds on the tin(II)-alkoxide bond and are not compatible with a mechanism in which propagation was proposed to proceed by a nucleophilic attack of the …OH ended macromolecules on the monomer-Sn(Oct)2 complex.
Task independent wordspotting using decision tree based allophone clustering (1993)

Two areas of research have been addressed. The first area is the potential viability of task-independent (TIND) training in wordspotting. It has been demonstrated that good task independent performance can be obtained using large, phonetically rich speech corpora for training triphone subword acoustic models. The effect of TIND training corpus size on task-dependent (TDEP) performance has been demonstrated. The second area of research was motivated by the fundamental limitation of TIND performance that exists when using fixed acoustic units. It was found that for even very large TIND corpora, the coverage of TDEP triphones will always be limited, thus demonstrating the need for a technique for learning a suitable acoustic subword unit for the particular task. The use of allophone decision trees for identifying acoustic units in a TIND wordspotter training scenario has been investigated. Preliminary experiments have demonstrated that, by expanding keywords using allophones obtained from a TIND allophone clustering procedure, significant improvement in TDEP wordspotting performance can be obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
One-Step Purification of Enterocytozoon bieneusi Spores from Human Stools by Immunoaffinity Expanded-Bed Adsorption (2001)

An original, reliable, and reproducible method for the purification of Enterocytozoon bieneusi spores from human stools is described. We recently reported the production of a species-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) 6E52D9 immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) raised against the exospore of E. bieneusi spore walls. The MAb was used as a ligand to develop an immunoaffinity matrix. The mouse IgG2a MAb was bound directly to a Streamline rProtein A adsorbent, used for expanded-bed adsorption of immunoglobulins, for optimal spatial orientation of the antibody and maximum binding efficiency of the antigen. The complex was then cross-linked covalently using dimethyl pimelimidate dihydrochloride. After incubation of the immunoaffinity matrix with filtered stool samples containing numerous E. bieneusi spores and before elution with 6 M guanidine HCl, the expansion of the adsorbent bed eliminated all the fecal contaminants. The presence of spores in the elution fractions was determined by an indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). E. bieneusi spores were found in the elution fraction in all four experiments and were still highly antigenic as indicated by IFAT. Smears examined by light microscopy contained very clean spores with no fecal debris or background bacterial and fungal contaminants. However, spore recovery rates were relatively low: an average of 10(7) spores were purified per run. This technique for isolating E. bieneusi spores directly from human stool samples with a high degree of purity opens up new approaches for studying this parasite.
Fabrication and Characterization of Porous Metal Emitters for Electrospray Thrusters (2007)

A repeatable method based on conventional micro fabrication techniques for creating sharpened emitters from porous tungsten has been explored. A laboratory demonstration thruster comprised of 49 of these porous tungsten emitters has been built and tested. The demonstration device operates on the electrostatic field evaporation of ions from ionic liquids. The emitters are contained in three linear emitter arrays which have been shown to support an increase in current of over an order of magnitude when compared to solid cylindrical emitters. Time-of-flight mass spectrometry has be used to show that the emitted beam is purely ionic and is comprised of two species of ions in both positive and negative modes of operation. In addition, thrust measurements conducted on a torsional balance show that the demonstration device is capable of thrusts as high as 5.6 µN at a current of 48 µA and a voltage of 2437 volts for a specific impulse of above 3500 s.
A Phase II trial of docetaxel and estramustine in patients with refractory metastatic breast carcinoma (2003)

The combination of docetaxel and estramustine produced responses in heavily pretreated women with MBC while maintaining quality of life.
Interleukin-1β and Tumor Necrosis Factor- Stimulate DNA Binding of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 (1999)

Abstract The rate of transcription of several genes encoding proteins involved in O2 and energy homeostasis is controlled by hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), a heterodimeric DNA binding complex composed of  and β subunits. HIF-1 is considered the primarytrans-acting factor for the erythropoietin (EPO) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) genes. Since EPO gene expression is inhibited by the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-), while no such effect has been reported with respect to the VEGF gene, we investigated the effects of IL-1β and TNF- on the activation of the HIF-1 DNA-binding complex and the amount of HIF-1 protein in human hepatoma cells in culture. Under normoxic conditions, both cytokines caused a moderate activation of HIF-1 DNA binding. In hypoxia, cytokines strongly increased HIF-1 activity compared with the effect of hypoxia alone. Only IL-1β increased HIF-1 protein levels. In transient transfection experiments, HIF-1–driven reporter gene expression was augmented by cytokines only under hypoxic conditions. In contrast to their effect on EPO synthesis, neither IL-1β nor TNF- decreased VEGF production. The mRNA levels of HIF-1 and VEGF were unaffected. Thus, cytokine-induced inhibition of EPO production is not mediated by impairment of HIF-1 function. We propose that HIF-1 may be involved in modulating gene expression during inflammation.