gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biomimetic Compliant System for Smart Actuator-Driven Aquatic Propulsion: Preliminary Results (2003)

Biomimetic design takes principles from nature to employ in engineering problems. Such designs are hoped to be quiet, efficient, robust, and versatile, having taken advantage of optimization via natural selection. However, the emulation of specific biological devices poses a great challenge because of complicated, arbitrary, and over-redundant designs. Compliant mechanisms are of immediate appeal in addressing the problem of complex, biomimetic deformation because of their inherent flexibility and distributed compliance. The goal of this research is to develop a biologically-inspired hydrofoil for aquatic propulsion, by assembling planar compliant mechanism building blocks to generate complex 3-D deformations. The building block is a rib structure generated from topology optimization. An ADAMS model is then created to quickly visualize motion and estimate system characteristics. System refinement is achieved through further size and shape optimization of individual ribs. Testing of a single-rib and dual-actuator system is currently in progress. The preliminary results have demonstrated the potential of this combined approach to quickly identify and evaluate new applications that may result from building blocks.
Carbonaceous Nanofiber Membranes for Selective Filtration and Separation of Nanoparticles (2010)

A new type of free-standing membrane composed of highly uniform carbonaceous nanofibers has been fabricated on a large scale. The membrane with a controllable cut-off size exhibits high flux and excellent size-selective rejection properties, and can be used to filter and separate nanoparticles with different sizes from solution by a simple filtration process.
Absorption and scattering microscopy of single metal nanoparticles (2006)

Several recently developed detection techniques opened studies of individual metal nanoparticles (1-100 nm in diameter) in the optical far field. Eliminating averaging over the broad size and shape distributions produced by even the best of current synthesis methods, these studies hold great promise for gaining a deeper insight into many of the properties of metal nanoparticles, notably electronic and vibrational relaxation. All methods are based on detection of a scattered wave emitted either by the particle itself, or by its close environment. Direct absorption and interference techniques rely on the particle's scattering and have similar limits in signal-to-noise ratio. The photothermal method uses a photo-induced change in the refractive index of the environment as an additional step to scatter a wave with a different wavelength. This leads to a considerable improvement in signal-to-background ratio, and thus to a much higher sensitivity. We briefly discuss and compare these various techniques, review the new results they generated so far, and conclude on their great potential for nanoscience and for single-molecule labelling in biological assays and live cells.
Estrogen Receptors α and β Have Similar Activities in Multiple Endothelial Cell Pathways (2002)

The presence of both estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and ERbeta in vascular cells has greatly increased the complexity of potential estrogen regulatory pathways in the cardiovascular system. Here, human umbilical vein endothelial cells were engineered using adenovirus vectors to express either ERalpha or ERbeta. The activities of ERalpha and ERbeta were compared in three distinct gene regulatory pathways, including inhibition of IL-1beta induction of E-selectin expression, inhibition of basal endothelin-1 production, and the ability to induce two matrix-stabilizing enzymes: tissue transglutaminase and a novel member of the lysyl oxidase family. Both ERs were active on these end points, although ERbeta was typically less efficacious than ERalpha. As no class of gene regulation could differentiate ERalpha from ERbeta activity, we characterized a novel steroid (7alpha-thiophenyl-E2) that bound with similar affinities to ERalpha and ERbeta, but functioned as an ERalpha agonist and ERbeta antagonist for all of these endothelial responses. This pattern of receptor subtype-selective activity was not unique to endothelial cells, but was also seen in metabolically active HepG2 cells, suggesting potential in vivo utility. The panel of endothelial responses coupled with a selective modulator should provide a means to characterize the roles of ERalpha and ERbeta in endothelial cells in vivo.
A demand-assign optical frequency-division-multiple-access star network (1993)

This paper describes a demand-assign optical frequency-division-multiaccess (DA-OFDMA) star network that achieves efficient frequency utilization while offering an efficient assign control protocol. First, two OFDMA star networks are compared. One employs a frequency routing multiplexer and the other uses an optical mixer. Next, the efficient access control protocol for DA-OFDMA is discussed and it is clarified that the pre-assign TDMA protocol is most effective when applied to metropolitan area networks. The maximum network size of a DA-OFDMA star network is determined. Finally, a preliminary experiment confirms the feasibility of DA-OFDMA star networks.
Protein synthesis and proteolysis in immobilized cells of the cyanobacterium Nostoc commune UTEX 584 exposed to matric water stress (1985)

Cells of the cyanobacterium Nostoc commune UTEX 584 in exponential growth were subjected to acute water stress by immobilizing them on solid supports and drying them at a matric water potential (psi m) of -99.5 MPa. Cells which had been grown in the presence of Na235SO4 before immobilization and rapid drying continued to incorporate 35S into protein for 90 min. This incorporation was inhibited by chloramphenicol. No unique proteins appeared to be synthesized during this time. Upon further drying, the level of incorporation of 35S in protein began to decrease. In contrast, there was an apparent increase in the level of certain phycobiliprotein subunits in solubilized protein extracts of these cells. Extensive proteolysis was detected after prolonged desiccation (17 days) of the cells in the light, although they still remained intact. Phycobilisomes became dissociated in both light- and dark-stored desiccated material.
A highlight scene detection and video summarization system using 'audio' feature for a personal video recorder (2005)

The personal video recorder such as recordable-DVD recorder, Blu-ray disc recorder and/or hard disc recorder has become popular for a large volume storage device for video/audio content data and a browsing function that would quickly provide a desired scene to the user is required as an essential part of such a large capacity recording/playback system. We propose a highlight scene detection function by using only 'audio' features and realize a browsing function for the recorder that enables completely automatic detection of sports highlights.
Phase-shifting masks gain an edge (1993)

The potential, working principles, and approaches in phase shifting masks for optical lithography are discussed. The tradeoffs of each approach, and fabrication, inspection, repair, and tolerances are considered. It is feasible to use the phase shifting technology to improve optical lithography to 0.18- mu m feature size with k/sub 1/=0.35, lambda =248 nm, and NA=0.5. Further resolution improvements are still possible, but much development is required for making phase shifting masks a manufacturing reality.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Antigen-specific CD4 T-cell help rescues exhausted CD8 T cells during chronic viral infection (2011)

CD4 T cells play a critical role in regulating CD8 T-cell responses during chronic viral infection. Several studies in animal models and humans have shown that the absence of CD4 T-cell help results in severe dysfunction of virus-specific CD8 T cells. However, whether function can be restored in already exhausted CD8 T cells by providing CD4 T-cell help at a later time remains unexplored. In this study, we used a mouse model of chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection to address this question. Adoptive transfer of LCMV-specific CD4 T cells into chronically infected mice restored proliferation and cytokine production by exhausted virus-specific CD8 T cells and reduced viral burden. Although the transferred CD4 T cells were able to enhance function in exhausted CD8 T cells, these CD4 T cells expressed high levels of the programmed cell death (PD)-1 inhibitory receptor. Blockade of the PD-1 pathway increased the ability of transferred LCMV-specific CD4 T cells to produce effector cytokines, improved rescue of exhausted CD8 T cells, and resulted in a striking reduction in viral load. These results suggest that CD4 T-cell immunotherapy alone or in conjunction with blockade of inhibitory receptors may be a promising approach for treating CD8 T-cell dysfunction in chronic infections and cancer.
Electronic and atomic structure of arsenic terminated Si(100) (1986)

A comparison between angle resolved photoemission data and ab initio pseudopotential calculations for a structural model of the As covered Si(100) surface is presented. After a coverage of one monolayer the Si(100):As surface shows a 2×1 low energy electron diffraction pattern. The arsenic acts as an effective passivating layer and the adsorption of further arsenic is highly reduced. We propose a symmetric As–As dimer model for the Si(100):As 2×1 surface derived from energy minimization calculations. The major feature of the electronic structure of this model is the occurrence of occupied π and π* surface state bands derived from bonding and antibonding combinations of the dangling hybrids on the As atoms. The calculated dispersions for the π and π* bands are found to be in very good agreement with the experimental surface state dispersions. The results discussed provide an example of how angle resolved photoemission in combination with ab initio pseudopotential calculations can lead to a conclusive determination of the electronic and atomic structure of surfaces.
Nonlinear analysis tools for the optimized design of harmonic-injection dividers (2003)

New nonlinear analysis tools for harmonic-injection dividers are presented based on bifurcation concepts. The advantage of these tools is their application simplicity and efficiency, which has enabled their use for actual circuit design and optimization. The tools allow control over the divided frequency and output power and predict the variation of the synchronization bands versus the circuit element values, which facilitates design correction. They have been extended to the analysis and optimization of phase-locked harmonic-injection dividers, which contain a low-frequency feedback loop. The use of this loop, together with the accuracy of the analysis, has enabled the implementation of novel frequency-division functions, such as the division of variable order, versus a circuit parameter, or the division by fractional order. The output noise of the frequency dividers is analyzed through the conversion-matrix approach, studying the noise variation along the division bands. The new techniques have been applied to the design of a frequency divider by order 4 and 5, with 18-GHz input frequency, and excellent agreement with experimental results has been obtained.
Upregulation of Tim-3 and PD-1 expression is associated with tumor antigen–specific CD8+ T cell dysfunction in melanoma patients (2010)

The paradoxical coexistence of spontaneous tumor antigen-specific immune responses with progressive disease in cancer patients furthers the need to dissect the molecular pathways involved in tumor-induced T cell dysfunction. In patients with advanced melanoma, we have previously shown that the cancer-germline antigen NY-ESO-1 stimulates spontaneous NY-ESO-1-specific CD8(+) T cells that up-regulate PD-1 expression. We also observed that PD-1 regulates NY-ESO-1-specific CD8(+) T cell expansion upon chronic antigen stimulation. In the present study, we show that a fraction of PD-1(+) NY-ESO-1-specific CD8(+) T cells in patients with advanced melanoma up-regulates Tim-3 expression and that Tim-3(+)PD-1(+) NY-ESO-1-specific CD8(+) T cells are more dysfunctional than Tim-3(-)PD-1(+) and Tim-3(-)PD-1(-) NY-ESO-1-specific CD8(+) T cells, producing less IFN-γ, TNF, and IL-2. Tim-3-Tim-3L blockade enhanced cytokine production by NY-ESO-1-specific CD8(+) T cells upon short ex vivo stimulation with cognate peptide, thus enhancing their functional capacity. In addition, Tim-3-Tim-3L blockade enhanced cytokine production and proliferation of NY-ESO-1-specific CD8(+) T cells upon prolonged antigen stimulation and acted in synergy with PD-1-PD-L1 blockade. Collectively, our findings support the use of Tim-3-Tim-3L blockade together with PD-1-PD-L1 blockade to reverse tumor-induced T cell exhaustion/dysfunction in patients with advanced melanoma.
Inkjet-Printed Microfluidic Multianalyte Chemical Sensing Paper (2008)

This paper presents an inkjet printing method for the fabrication of entire microfluidic multianalyte chemical sensing devices made from paper suitable for quantitative analysis, requiring only a single printing apparatus. An inkjet printing device is used for the fabrication of three-dimensional hydrophilic microfluidic patterns (550-mum-wide flow channels) and sensing areas (1.5 mm x 1.5 mm squares) on filter paper, by inkjet etching, and thereby locally dissolving a hydrophobic poly(styrene) layer obtained by soaking of the filter paper in a 1 wt % solution of poly(styrene) in toluene. In a second step, the same inkjet printing device is used to print "chemical sensing inks", comprising the necessary reagents for colorimetric analytical assays, into well-defined areas of the patterned microfluidic paper devices. The arrangement of the patterns, printed inks, and sensing areas was optimized to obtain homogeneous color responses. The results are "all-inkjet-printed" chemical sensing devices for the simultaneous determination of pH, total protein, and glucose in clinically relevant concentration ranges for urine analysis (0.46-46 muM for human serum albumin, 2.8-28.0 mM for glucose, and pH 5-9). Quantitative data are obtained by digital color analysis in the L*a*b* color space by means of a color scanner and a simple computer program.
Neurologic Manifestations of Essential Thrombocythemia (1983)

Essential thrombocythemia is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder, characterized predominantly by a markedly elevated platelet count without known cause. We report a case that was recognized during investigation of a transient ischemic attack, and review the neurologic findings in 33 patients with unequivocal essential thrombocythemia under prospective study by the Polycythemia Vera Study Group. Twenty-one patients had neurologic manifestations at some point during their course, including headache (13 patients), paresthesiae (10), posterior cerebral circulatory ischemia (9), anterior cerebral circulatory ischemia (6), visual disturbances (6) and epileptic seizures (2). All patients with neurologic symptoms responded satisfactorily to treatment, although continuous or repeated treatment was often required. Therapeutic recommendations include plateletpheresis for major thrombo-hemorrhagic phenomena, or megakaryocyte suppression with radioactive phosphorus, alkylating agents (such as melphalan), or hydroxyurea; minor symptoms may respond to platelet antiaggregating agents.
Effects of Processing Conditions on Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding Process (VARTM) (2001)

The continued growth of vacuum-based processes has warranted the development of both models and experimental studies designed to capture the unique aspects associated with this manufacturing technique. To that end, this report summarizes an initial set of experiments that characterize both the process and the resulting mechanical properties of components fabricated under a variety of process conditions. Specifically resin flow studies are presented in part to demonstrate the relative influence of key parameters on the flow front developed during impregnation. The effect of the distribution medium, which is used in a commercial version of VARTM known as Seeman's Composite Resin Infusion Molding Process (SCRIMP), is explicitly characterized. In addition, the variation of part thickness is also examined, and potential mechanisms responsible for these variations are presented. A battery of mechanical tests designed to correlate the effect of various processing conditions are also presented. A major finding is that thickness variation can be significant and, to some degree, random; also, precompaction of the preform significantly influences the amount of consolidation pressure needed during impregnation. Dimensional variations due to gradients in the pressure distribution of the vacuum affect permeability (and hence resin flow), as well as dimensional tolerances in manufactured parts.
Vertically Aligned ZnO Nanorod Sensor on Flexible Substrate for Ethanol Gas Monitoring (2010)

Vertically aligned ZnO nanorods were grown on flexible polyimide films by a thermolysis assisted chemical solution method to fabricate an ethanol sensing material. Flexible ZnO nanorod sensors were examined to monitor ethanol gas by varying the working temperature from 300 to and by changing the ethanol concentration in a range from 100 to 10 ppm in synthetic air. A flexible ZnO nanorod sensor can detect 100 ppm of ethanol gas with a sensitivity of 3.11 at . When compared with ZnO nanorod sensors fabricated on a silicon dioxide hard substrate, its sensing performance exhibited competitive sensitivity.
CCN1/Cyr61 Is Regulated by the Canonical Wnt Signal and Plays an Important Role in Wnt3A-Induced Osteoblast Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2006)

Marrow mesenchymal stem cells are pluripotent progenitors that can differentiate into bone, cartilage, muscle, and fat cells. Wnt signaling has been implicated in regulating osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Here, we analyzed the gene expression profile of mesenchymal stem cells that were stimulated with Wnt3A. Among the 220 genes whose expression was significantly changed by 2.5-fold, we found that three members of the CCN family, CCN1/Cyr61, CCN2/connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and CCN5/WISP2, were among the most significantly up-regulated genes. We further investigated the role of CCN1/Cyr61 in Wnt3A-regulated osteogenic differentiation. We confirmed that CCN1/Cyr61 was up-regulated at the early stage of Wnt3A stimulation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis indicates that CCN1/Cyr61 is a direct target of canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of CCN1/Cyr61 expression diminished Wnt3A-induced osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, exogenously expressed CCN1/Cyr61 was shown to effectively promote mesenchymal stem cell migration. These findings suggest that tightly regulated CCN1/Cyr61 expression may play an important role in Wnt3A-induced osteoblast differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.
Myocardial Injury and Bacterial Pneumonia Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Fatal Influenza B Virus Infection (2012)

Our findings suggest that bacterial pneumonia and cardiac injury contribute to fatal outcomes after infection with influenza B virus and that the frequency of these manifestations may be age related.
Volatile components of Acacia sp. blossoms (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVolatile components of Acacia sp. blossomsRobert A. Flath, T. Richard Mon, Gabrielle Lorenz, C. James Whitten, and James W. MackleyCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1983, 31, 6, 1167–1170Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00120a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00120a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views192Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Isoform-specific binding of apolipoprotein E to beta-amyloid. (1994)

Apolipoprotein E (apoE), particularly the e4 allele, is genetically linked to the incidence of Alzheimer's disease. ApoE is present in the extracellular senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles associated with Alzheimer's disease. In vitro, apoE has been shown to bind beta-amyloid (A beta), an amyloidogenic proteolytic product of amyloid precursor protein. To analyze the interaction of A beta and apoE, we used Western immunoblotting of human A beta-(1-40)-peptide incubated with conditioned medium from HEK-293 cells transfected with either human apoE3 or apoE4 (products of the e3 and e4 alleles, respectively) cDNA. Nonreducing SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of an approximately 45-kDa complex with both A beta and apoE immunoreactivity. The level of the apoE3.A beta complex was approximately 20-fold greater than that of the apoE4.A beta complex. This apoE isoform-specific binding pattern was maintained from pH 5.0 to 9.0, from 2 min to 24 h of peptide incubation, and at concentrations of apoE from 5 to 100 micrograms/ml and of A beta from 10 microM to 1 mM. The higher level of apoE3 binding to A beta is in contrast to previously published data using purified apoE (Strittmatter, W. J., Weisgraber, K.H., Huang, D. Y., Dong, L.-M., Salvesen, G. S., Pericak-Vance, M., Schmechel, D., Saunders, A. M., Goldgaber, D., and Roses, A.D. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 90, 8098-8102). Factors responsible for the isoform-specific interactions between apoE and A beta will require further study before the apparent discrepancy between these data can be reconciled.
Novel actions of sclerostin on bone (2018)

The discovery that two rare autosomal recessive high bone mass conditions were caused by the loss of sclerostin expression prompted studies into its role in bone homeostasis. In this article, we aim to bring together the wealth of information relating to sclerostin in bone though discussion of rare human disorders in which sclerostin is reduced or absent, sclerostin manipulation via genetic approaches and treatment with antibodies that neutralise sclerostin in animal models and in human. Together, these findings demonstrate the importance of sclerostin as a regulator of bone homeostasis and provide valuable insights into its biological mechanism of action. We summarise the current state of knowledge in the field, including the current understanding of the direct effects of sclerostin on the canonical WNT signalling pathway and the actions of sclerostin as an inhibitor of bone formation. We review the effects of sclerostin, and its inhibition, on bone at the cellular and tissue level and discuss new findings that suggest that sclerostin may also regulate adipose tissue. Finally, we highlight areas in which future research is expected to yield additional insights into the biology of sclerostin.