gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced metering infrastructure for smart grid applications (2012)

The existing power grid may not support future growing electric demand. Advanced technologies can be used to improve efficiencies and moderate electric usage by avoiding the need for new generation, transmission and distribution plants. To meet the needs of the future and to fix the problems of the past, smart grid technology harnesses the most advanced digital computing technologies to monitor and adjust the usage. Smart grid also aids in optimizing the amount of energy generated. This technology assures better usage of resources and accurate billing to customers based on actual consumption rather than estimates. Smart grid implementation demands developments in the technologies like Advanced Metering Infrastructure, Two-Way communications , Smart meters / Smart sensors, Load control , interoperability, security, Information Technology, web connectivity and Renewable Energy & Storage Systems. This paper details the Advanced Metering Infrastructure development particularly the Power Quality Analysis. The paper also briefs National scenario of Advanced Metering Infrastructure to meet smart grid applications and its development.
The Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in San Francisco -- A Population-Based Study Using Conventional and Molecular Methods (1994)

Despite an efficient tuberculosis-control program, nearly a third of new cases of tuberculosis in San Francisco are the result of recent infection. Few of these instances of transmission are identified by conventional contact tracing.
k-ANONYMITY: A MODEL FOR PROTECTING PRIVACY (2002)

Consider a data holder, such as a hospital or a bank, that has a privately held collection of person-specific, field structured data. Suppose the data holder wants to share a version of the data with researchers. How can a data holder release a version of its private data with scientific guarantees that the individuals who are the subjects of the data cannot be re-identified while the data remain practically useful? The solution provided in this paper includes a formal protection model named k-anonymity and a set of accompanying policies for deployment. A release provides k-anonymity protection if the information for each person contained in the release cannot be distinguished from at least k-1 individuals whose information also appears in the release. This paper also examines re-identification attacks that can be realized on releases that adhere to k-anonymity unless accompanying policies are respected. The k-anonymity protection model is important because it forms the basis on which the real-world systems known as Datafly, μ-Argus and k-Similar provide guarantees of privacy protection.
The Importance of CD44 as a Stem Cell Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Cancer (2016)

CD44 is a cell surface HA-binding glycoprotein that is overexpressed to some extent by almost all tumors of epithelial origin and plays an important role in tumor initiation and metastasis. CD44 is a compelling marker for cancer stem cells of many solid malignancies. In addition, interaction of HA and CD44 promotes EGFR-mediated pathways, consequently leading to tumor cell growth, tumor cell migration, and chemotherapy resistance in solid cancers. Accumulating evidence indicates that major HA-CD44 signaling pathways involve a specific variant of CD44 isoforms; however, the particular variant almost certainly depends on the type of tumor cell and the stage of the cancer progression. Research to date suggests use of monoclonal antibodies against different CD44 variant isoforms and targeted inhibition of HA/CD44-mediated signaling combined with conventional radio/chemotherapy may be the most favorable therapeutic strategy for future treatments of advanced stage malignancies. Thus, this paper briefly focuses on the association of the major CD44 variant isoforms in cancer progression, the role of HA-CD44 interaction in oncogenic pathways, and strategies to target CD44-overexpressed tumor cells.
Alterations of the PPP2R1B Gene in Human Lung and Colon Cancer (1998)

The PPP2R1B gene, which encodes the beta isoform of the A subunit of the serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), was identified as a putative human tumor suppressor gene. Sequencing of the PPP2R1B gene, located on human chromosome 11q22-24, revealed somatic alterations in 15% (5 out of 33) of primary lung tumors, 6% (4 out of 70) of lung tumor-derived cell lines, and 15% (2 out of 13) of primary colon tumors. One deletion mutation generated a truncated PP2A-Abeta protein that was unable to bind to the catalytic subunit of the PP2A holoenzyme. The PP2R1B gene product may suppress tumor development through its role in cell cycle regulation and cellular growth control.
Sphingomyelin Synthase, a Potential Regulator of Intracellular Levels of Ceramide and Diacylglycerol during SV40 Transformation (1998)

Sphingomyelin synthase (SMS), an enzyme involved in sphingomyelin (SM) and ceramide metabolism, can potentially regulate, in opposite directions, the levels of ceramide and diacylglycerol. In this study SMS activity was investigated in normal and SV40-transformed human lung fibroblasts (WI38). The addition of [3H]C2-ceramide to cells resulted in a time-dependent formation of [3H]C2-SM. At 24 h after treatment, normal WI38 cells cleared 17% of [3H]C2-ceramide producing [3H]C2-SM, which accounted for 13% of total radioactivity. On the other hand, SV40-transformed cells cleared 45% of [3H]C2-ceramide and produced C2-SM, which accounted for 24% of total radioactivity. This enhanced production of C2-SM was also supported by an increase in the total SMS activity of cells (measured in vitro), such that SV40-transformed cells had SMS activity of 222 pmol/mg of protein/h, whereas wild type cells had 78 pmol/mg of protein/h of activity. Additional studies aimed at examining the SMS activity directed at ceramide produced in the plasma membrane. Treatment of cells with exogenous bacterial sphingomyelinase (SMase) for 25 min resulted in cleavage of 90-95% of total SM and the concomitant generation of ceramide. After bacterial SMase treatment, wild type WI38 cells cleared ceramide very slowly (19.2 pmol of ceramide/nmol of phosholipid Pi after 6 h of incubation) and hardly regenerated any SM. On the other hand, SV40-transformed cells cleared ceramide much faster (41.1 pmol/nmol of Pi after 6 h of incubation) and regenerated approximately 80% of the original SM. These results show that the enhanced SMS activity of transformed cells is particularly pronounced when ceramide is produced in the plasma membrane. Finally, several observations led us to consider the relationship of SMS to the "putative" phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC). We, therefore, tested the effects of D609, a purported PC-PLC-specific inhibitor on the activity of SMS. D609 inhibited SMS activity in vitro. In addition, cellular studies showed that SMS activity was dramatically inhibited by concentrations of D609 used previously to study PC-PLC (10-50 microg/ml). These results suggest SMS as an important biochemical target for D609, and they raise the distinct possibility that many of the roles of PC-PLC, especially in cell transformation, may be attributable to SMS.
Noncollinear acousto-optic filter with large angular aperture (1974)

A new type of noncollinear acousto-optic filter with large angular aperture is described. By an appropriate choice of acoustic wave propagation direction, the momentum mismatch caused by the angular deviation of the incident light from the matching condition in a noncollinear interaction can be compensated by the angular change of optical birefringence. A TeO2 noncollinear acousto-optic filter was constructed that had a half-power bandwidth of 40 Å at an f/4 (±7°) aperture. Tuning from 700 to 450 nm is obtained by changing the acoustic frequency from about 100 to 180 MHz. About 95% maximum transmission is obtained with an electrical power density of 1 W/cm2 applied to the transducer.
Minimum detectable displacement in near-field scanning optical microscopy (1994)

The probe-to-sample separation in near-field scanning optical microscopes can be regulated by a noncontact atomic shear force sensing scheme that allows simultaneous acquisition of optical and shear force images. We have measured the minimum detectable displacement that can be achieved with a scheme based on diffracting a focused laser beam from the vibrating probe. The minimum detectable displacement determines the smallest resolvable change in force acting on the probe. The measured shot-noise-limited value is 2.8×10−3 Årms/√Hz, and the practical sensitivity is limited by thermal vibration noise to 7×10−3 Årms/√Hz. These values compare well with those calculated theoretically.
Patch clamping on plane glass—fabrication of hourglass aperture and high-yield ion channel recording (2009)

Planar patch-clamp has revolutionized ion-channel measurement by eliminating laborious manipulation from the traditional micropipette approach and enabling high throughput. However, low yield in gigaseal formation and/or relatively high cost due to microfabricated processes are two main drawbacks. This paper presents patch clamping on glass substrate-an economical solution without sacrificing gigaseal yield rate. Two-stage CO(2) laser drilling methodology was used to generate an hourglass, funnel-like aperture of a specified diameter with smooth and debris-free surfaces on 150 microm borosilicate cover glass. For 1-3 microm apertures as patch-clamp chips, seal resistance was tested on human embryonic kidney, Chinese hamster ovary, and Jurkat T lymphoma cells with a gigaseal success rate of 62.5%, 43.6% and 66.7% respectively. Results also demonstrated both whole-cell and single channel recording on endogenously expressed ion channels to confirm the capability of different patch configurations.
Electronegativity of aromatic amines as a basis for the development of ground state inhibitors of lysyl oxidase. (1987)

Benzylamine derivatives containing para substituents of differing electronegativity as well as isomers of aminomethylpyridine have been assessed for their substrate and inhibitor potentials toward lysyl oxidase. Substituted benzylamines with increasingly electronegative para substituents had the lowest KI values and thus were the most effective inhibitors of the oxidation of elastin by lysyl oxidase. The kcat values for these compounds as substrates of lysyl oxidase were also reduced with increasingly electronegative para substituents. Both the Dkcat and D(kcat/Km) kinetic isotope effects decreased with increasingly electronegative p-substituents in [alpha, alpha'-2H]benzylamines. In contrast, there was no Dkcat solvent isotope effect with [2H] H2O while the D(kcat/Km) solvent isotope effect tended to increase with increasingly electronegative p-substituents. These results are consistent with the stabilization of an enzyme-generated substrate carbanion and thus the retardation of substrate oxidation by electronegative substituents. Such ground state stabilization thus can result in compounds with increased potential for the inhibition of the oxidation of protein substrates of lysyl oxidase.
Production and Characterization of Highly Specific Anti-Methotrexate Monoclonal Antibodies (1987)

Spleen cells of a Biozzi HR mouse immunized with a bovine serum albumin-methotrexate conjugate were fused with P3-X63-Ag8.653 mouse myeloma cells. Twenty-three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), selected by indirect ELISA, were produced and partially characterized. Using methotrexate (MTX) and eight structurally related compounds, binding specificities of the MAbs were assessed by inhibition enzyme immunoassay. All the MAbs had very low affinity for folic acid and its analogs and for the major MTX metabolite 7-hydroxymethotrexate. Using a computer cluster analysis program based on the binding specificities, the MAbs were divided into three groups. The thirteen MAbs in group I recognized primarily the pteridine portion of the MTX molecule; the eight group II MAbs recognized the benzene ring as well as the pteridine structure. The two MAbs in group III poorly distinguished between the different parts of the MTX molecule. The apparent equilibrium association constants of the anti-MTX MAbs in groups I, II, and III ranged from 7 x 10(9) to 3 x 10(8) M-1 (except for 1 MAb), from 5 x 10(7) to 6 x 10(6) M-1 (except for 2 MAbs), and from 1 x 10(6) to 3.5 x 10(5) M-1, respectively.
Disruption of Hsp90 Function Results in Degradation of the Death Domain Kinase, Receptor-interacting Protein (RIP), and Blockage of Tumor Necrosis Factor-induced Nuclear Factor-κB Activation (2000)

The death domain kinase, receptor interacting protein (RIP), is one of the major components of the tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) complex and plays an essential role in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation. The activation of NF-kappaB protects cells against TNF-induced apoptosis. Heat-shock proteins (Hsps) are chaperone molecules that confer protein stability and help to restore protein native folding following heat shock and other stresses. The most abundant Hsp, Hsp90, is also involved in regulating the stability and function of a number of cell-signaling molecules. Here we report that RIP is a novel Hsp90-associated kinase and that disruption of Hsp90 function by its specific inhibitor, geldanamycin (GA), selectively causes RIP degradation and the subsequent inhibition of TNF-mediated IkappaB kinase and NF-kappaB activation. MG-132, a specific proteasome inhibitor, abrogated GA-induced degradation of RIP but failed to restore the activation of IkappaB kinase by TNF, perhaps because, in the presence of GA and MG-132, RIP accumulated in a detergent-insoluble subcellular fraction. Most importantly, the degradation of RIP sensitizes cells to TNF-induced apoptosis. These data indicate that Hsp90 plays an important role in TNF-mediated NF-kappaB activation by modulating the stability and solubility of RIP. Thus, inhibition of NF-kappaB activation by GA may be a critical component of the anti-tumor activity of this drug.
Design considerations for computer-telephony application programming interfaces and related components (1996)

Discusses computer telephony integration (CTI) architecture, including the application programming interface (API) and underlying operating system components and the benefits they can bring to all segments of the computer telephone industry. Although CTI APIs have existed in various forms for more than two decades, the work of crafting the ideal interface continues. As operating systems and telecommunications network technology evolves, so do the APIs and system components that bring together the computing and communications worlds. The author presents some of the considerations that have gone into the design of the Windows telephony application programming interface (TAPI) and which will continue to guide the further evolution of the interface.
Enhanced ELISA: how to measure less than 10 picograms of a specific protein (immunoglobulin) in less than 8 hours (1988)

In this paper we outline a flexible and rapid method to measure picogram quantities of isotype-specific immunoglobulin (Ig), including IgE. Only readily or commercially available reagents are required: isotype-specific, anti-human Ig murine monoclonal antibodies (Mab) to coat microtiter plates, polyclonal alkaline phosphatase-coupled isotype-specific F(ab)'2 or Fab' fragments as second antibodies, and an enhanced developing system that amplifies the signal-to-noise ratio of the quantitatively bound second antibody. The procedure is detailed in the appendix to enable easy application, even if one has no previous experience with ELISAs. This system can be used to detect less than 10 picograms of Ig in cultures supernatants of cells that contain mixtures of various Igs and it can be used to detect the product of a single cell producing Ig. This method also will be applicable to measurement of the minute quantities of lymphokines and other biologically active molecules produced in vitro and found in various fluids in vivo.
LRP6 Mutation in a Family with Early Coronary Disease and Metabolic Risk Factors (2007)

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and is commonly caused by a constellation of risk factors called the metabolic syndrome. We characterized a family with autosomal dominant early CAD, features of the metabolic syndrome (hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes), and osteoporosis. These traits showed genetic linkage to a short segment of chromosome 12p, in which we identified a missense mutation in LRP6, which encodes a co-receptor in the Wnt signaling pathway. The mutation, which substitutes cysteine for arginine at a highly conserved residue of an epidermal growth factor-like domain, impairs Wnt signaling in vitro. These results link a single gene defect in Wnt signaling to CAD and multiple cardiovascular risk factors.
Ultrahigh-Intensity Lasers: Physics of the Extreme on a Tabletop (1998)

Over the past ten years, laser intensities have increased by more than four orders of magnitude to reach enormous intensities of 1020 W/cm2. The field strength at these intensities is on the order of a teravolt per centimeter, or a hundred times the Coulombic field binding the ground state electron in the hydrogen atom. The electrons driven by such a field are relativistic, with an oscillatory energy of 10 MeV. At these intensities, the light pressure, P = I/c, is extreme, on the order of giga- to terabars. The laser interacting with matter—solid, gas, plasma—generates high-order harmonics of the incident beam up to the 3 nm wavelength range, energetic ions or electrons with mega-electron-volt energies (figure 1), gigagauss magnetic fields and violent accelerations of 1021 g (g is Earth's gravity). Finally, the interaction of an ultraintense beam with superrelativistic particles can produce fields approaching the critical field in which an electron gains in one Compton wavelength an energy equal to twice its rest mass. Under these conditions, one observes nonlinear quantum electrody-namical effects. In many ways, this physical environment of extreme electric fields, magnetic fields, pressure, temperature and acceleration can be found only in stellar interiors or close to the horizon of a black hole. It is fascinating to think that an astrophysical environment governed by hydrodynamics, radiation transport and gravitational interaction can be re-created in university laboratories for extremely short times, switching the role of the scientist from voyeur to actor.
Adaptive antennas in IS-136 systems (2002)

Performance of an IS-136 cellular system is evaluated to determine the capacity enhancement and the communication quality improvement that can be achieved with base station multibeam adaptive antennas. Using adaptive antennas to receive and transmit in narrow beams, improves the C/I in both uplink and downlink, since interference is rejected in the uplink and less downlink interference is spread. System performance is evaluated by means of system level simulations focused on the downlink C/I distribution. Beamforming on a carrier basis and on a time slot basis are studied corresponding to IS-136 Rev. A and potential Rev. B mobile stations, respectively. The main conclusion is that introducing low complexity adaptive antenna systems can give gains sufficient for a 4/12 re-use within the existing IS-136 specification. In comparison, a 7/21 frequency re-use plan is required for acceptable quality with conventional sector antenna technology. If the beamforming gain is utilized to maximize the amount of served traffic, system capacity can be enhanced by more than 100% with preserved or increased communication quality.
TheC-kit receptor and its possible signaling transduction pathway in mouse spermatozoa (1998)

The presence and role of the c-kit protein was investigated in the mature sperm of the mouse. The c-kit monoclonal antibody (mAb) ACK2 reacted specifically with the acrosomal region and the principal piece of fixed noncapacitated sperm but did not react with the acrosome region in acrosome-reacted sperm. ACK2 significantly inhibited the acrosome reaction; this inhibition was relieved by the calcium ionophore A23187. The kit ligand stem cell factor (SCF) significantly increased the percentage of sperm undergoing acrosome reaction. This increase was partially inhibited by the calcium channel inhibitor (verapamil), the PI3k inhibitor (wortmannin), and the PLC inhibitor (U-73122). ACK2 predominantly recognized c-kit proteins of 33, 48, and 150 kDa by Western blotting of mouse sperm extracts. The 48- and 150-kDa protein bands were released into the media and tyrosine autophosphorylated at low basal levels during acrosome reaction. On stimulation with SCF, the level of c-kit phosphorylation increased significantly. These findings suggest that c-kit is present in mature sperm, and its binding to SCF may result in the activation of PLC gamma 1 and PI3K, leading to receptor autophosphorylation, and ultimately may play a role in capacitation and/or the acrosome reaction.
Generalized additive models in plant ecology (1991)

Abstract. Generalized additive models (GAMs) are a non‐parametric extension of generalized linear models (GLMs). They are introduced here as an exploratory tool in the analysis of species distributions with respect to climate. An important result is that the long‐debated question of whether a response curve, in one dimension, is actually symmetric and bell‐shaped or not, can be tested using GAMs. GAMs and GLMs are discussed and are illustrated by three examples using binary data. A grey‐scale plot of one of the fits is constructed to indicate which areas on a map seem climatically suitable for that species. This is useful for species introductions. Further applications are mentioned.
Interaction between life cycle events and the education process: an analysis of spanish data (2010)

The document was exposed at the International Conference "Education and Demography", organized by the Vienna Institute of Demography and International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis-IIASA. Vienna (Austria), November 30 and December 1, 2009.