gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
True monolayer cell culture in a confined 3D microenvironment enables lineage informatics (2006)

The gap chamber allows cells to be cultured, imaged, and tracked in true monolayers permitting detailed informatics analysis of cell lineage, phenotype, and fate determinants. The chamber is biomimetic and straightforward to build and use, and should find many applications in long-term cell imaging.
Scene-based nonuniformity corrections for optical and SWIR pushbroom sensors (2005)

We propose and evaluate several scene-based methods for computing nonuniformity corrections for visible or near-infrared pushbroom sensors. These methods can be used to compute new nonuniformity correction values or to repair or refine existing radiometric calibrations. For a given data set, the preferred method depends on the quality of the data, the type of scenes being imaged, and the existence and quality of a laboratory calibration. We demonstrate our methods with data from several different sensor systems and provide a generalized approach to be taken for any new data set.
THE EFFECT OF HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE IN MAN (1959)

The effect of human growth hormone prepared according to Li & Papkoff (1956) was examined in metabolic studies in four adults, one of which had been hypophysectomized previously. Ten mg of human GH daily had a prompt effect in all cases, consisting in an anabolic action on protein metabolism, increase in calcuria in all patients and a negative calcium balance in all but one subject, expansion of the extracellular fluid volume, decreased glucose tolerance and increase in ketonuria.
Influence of a Cell-Wall-Associated Protease on Production of α-Amylase by Bacillus subtilis (1998)

AmyL, an extracellular alpha-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis, is resistant to extracellular proteases secreted by Bacillus subtilis during growth. Nevertheless, when AmyL is produced and secreted by B. subtilis, it is subject to considerable cell-associated proteolysis. Cell-wall-bound proteins CWBP52 and CWBP23 are the processed products of the B. subtilis wprA gene. Although no activity has been ascribed to CWBP23, CWBP52 exhibits serine protease activity. Using a strain encoding an inducible wprA gene, we show that a product of wprA, most likely CWBP52, is involved in the posttranslocational stability of AmyL. A construct in which wprA is not expressed exhibits an increased yield of alpha-amylase. The potential role of wprA in protein secretion is discussed, together with implications for the use of B. subtilis and related bacteria as hosts for the secretion of heterologous proteins.
Notch signaling and its role in breast cancer (2007)

The Notch signaling plays a key role in cell differentiation, survival, and proliferation through diverse mechanisms. Thus, alterations of the Notch signaling can lead to a variety of disorders including human malignancies. In this review, we will focus on recent advancements in identification of aberrant Notch signaling in cancer, and the possible underlying mechanisms in breast cancer. We will also highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting Notch for cancer treatment.
Consumption of milk with added casein phosphopeptide‐amorphous calcium phosphate remineralizes enamel subsurface lesions in situ (2009)

The remineralizing effect of CPP-ACP in milk was dose-dependent with milk containing 0.2% CPP-ACP and 0.3% CPP-ACP producing an increase in mineral content of 81% and 164%, respectively, relative to the control milk.
The intrinsic random functions and their applications (1973)

The intrinsic random functions (IRF) are a particular case of the Guelfand generalized processes with stationary increments. They constitute a much wider class than the stationary RF, and are used in practical applications for representing non-stationary phenomena. The most important topics are: existence of a generalized covariance (GC) for which statistical inference is possible from a unique realization; theory of the best linear intrinsic estimator (BLIE) used for contouring and estimating problems; the turning bands method for simulating IRF; and the models with polynomial GC, for which statistical inference may be performed by automatic procedures.
Dynamic Gadolinium Uptake in Thermally Treated Canine Brain Tissue and Experimental Cerebral Tumors (2003)

Reactive thermal changes in otherwise normal brain tissue can be distinguished from residual tumor after cerebral thermal therapy using CE-dynamic MRI.
Coding tools investigation for next generation video coding based on HEVC (2015)

The new state-of-the-art video coding standard, H.265/HEVC, has been finalized in 2013 and it achieves roughly 50% bit rate saving compared to its predecessor, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC. This paper provides the evidence that there is still potential for further coding efficiency improvements. A brief overview of HEVC is firstly given in the paper. Then, our improvements on each main module of HEVC are presented. For instance, the recursive quadtree block structure is extended to support larger coding unit and transform unit. The motion information prediction scheme is improved by advanced temporal motion vector prediction, which inherits the motion information of each small block within a large block from a temporal reference picture. Cross component prediction with linear prediction model improves intra prediction and overlapped block motion compensation improves the efficiency of inter prediction. Furthermore, coding of both intra and inter prediction residual is improved by adaptive multiple transform technique. Finally, in addition to deblocking filter and SAO, adaptive loop filter is applied to further enhance the reconstructed picture quality. This paper describes above-mentioned techniques in detail and evaluates their coding performance benefits based on the common test condition during HEVC development. The simulation results show that significant performance improvement over HEVC standard can be achieved, especially for the high resolution video materials.
Off-Label Dermatologic Uses of Anti-TNF-a Therapies (2005)

Background: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays an immunomodulatory role in a variety of systemic and dermatologic diseases. Currently, three anti-TNF-a drugs are available in North America— infliximab (approved in the U.S. for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, ankylosing spondylitis, ulcerative colitis, and psoriatic arthritis), etanercept (approved in the U.S. for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriasis), and adalimumab (approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis). Objective: To review the current literature supporting alternative (and currently off-label) dermatologic uses of TNF-a antagonists. Methods: A MEDLINE search (1966-March 2005) was conducted using the keywords “infliximab,” “etanercept,” “adalimumab,” “TNF inhibitors,” and “off-label” to identify published reports of off-label dermatologic uses of TNF-a inhibitors. Results: Anti-TNF-a therapies have been reported in the following dermatologic diseases: sarcoidosis, hidradenitis suppuritiva, cicatricial pemphigoid, Behçet's disease, pyoderma gangrenosum, multicentric reticulohistiocytosis, apthous stomatitis, Sneddon-Wilkinson disease, SAPHO syndrome, pityriasis rubra pilaris, eosinophilic fasciitis, Panniculitis, Crohn's disease, necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, dermatomyositis, and scleroderma. The vast majority of these reports are in the form of individual case reports and small case series. Only two published randomized controlled trials involving the off-label use of a TNF inhibitor were found. Conclusions: A growing number of published reports suggest that anti-TNF-a therapies may be effective in the treatment of numerous inflammatory skin diseases outside their currently approved indications.
Isolation and characterization of an antifreeze protein from the longhorn sculpin, Myoxocephalus octodecimspinosis (1998)

A new type of antifreeze protein was isolated from the serum of the longhorn sculpin, Myoxocephalus octodecimspinosis, by gel filtration and high-performance liquid chromatography. This protein (LS-12) exhibits freezing point depression activity (thermal hysteresis) and ice crystal modification properties similar to those seen for other types of fish antifreeze polypeptide, except that ice crystals grow as hexagonal trapezohedra in the presence of LS-12, rather than hexagonal bipyramids usually seen. Ice crystal etching studies demonstrate that LS-12 does not bind to the hexagonal bipyramidal or secondary prism surfaces reported for the antifreeze polypeptides from winter flounder and shorthorn sculpin, respectively. Circular dichroism studies indicate that LS-12 has an alpha-helix content of about 60% at 1 degreesC, which is in good agreement with a value of about 70% predicted from the amino acid sequence. Limited proteolysis studies and further analysis of the amino acid sequence suggest that LS-12 consists of four amphipathic alpha-helices of similar length which are folded into a four-helix bundle. Based on its size (Mr=12299) and predicted tertiary structure, LS-12 can be regarded as the first example of a new class (type IV) of fish antifreeze protein.
Evaluating the effects of cache redundancy on profit (2008)

Previous works in computer architecture have mostly neglected revenue and/or profit, key factors driving any design decision. In this paper, we evaluate architectural techniques to optimize for revenue/profit. The continual trend of technology scaling and sub-wavelength lithography has caused transistor feature sizes to shrink into the nanoscale range. As a result, the effects of process variations on critical path delay and chip yields have amplified. A common concept to remedy the effects of variations is speed-binning, by which chips from a single batch are rated by a discrete range of frequencies and sold at different prices. An efficient binning distribution thus decides the profitability of the chip manufacturer. We propose and evaluate a cache-redundancy scheme called substitute cache, which allows the chip manufacturers to modify the number of chips in different bins. Particularly, this technique introduces a small fully associative array associated with each cache way to replicate the data elements that will be stored in the high latency lines, and hence can be effectively used to boost up the overall chip yield and also shift the chip binning distribution towards higher frequencies. We also develop models based on linear regression and neural networks to accurately estimate the chip prices from their architectural configurations. Using these estimation models, we find that our substitute cache scheme can potentially increase the revenue for the batch of chips by as much as 13.1%.
<title>Compact video projection display utilizing RGB lasers</title> (2000)

This talk summarizes research being conducted on a `laser television' capable of successfully entering the consumer market. Using lasers for the RGB light source has the advantage of producing superior color (large color triangle, narrow spectral bandwidth) and high image resolution (large modulation bandwidth, small `pixel area'.) Unique challenges of this technology and progress to date in dealing with them are presented.
Catalytic hydrolysis of amides at neutral pH (1990)

A cis-diaqua copper(II) complex, (1), has been shown to be active in catalysing the hydrolysis of formamide, N-methylformamide, and N,N-dimethylformamide in neutral water at 100 °C; monoaqua copper(II) complexes are not active in catalysing the hydrolysis of the amides under the same conditions.
Effect of 5'UTR introns on gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana (2006)

Abstract Background The majority of introns in gene transcripts are found within the coding sequences (CDSs). A small but significant fraction of introns are also found to reside within the untranslated regions (5'UTRs and 3'UTRs) of expressed sequences. Alignment of the whole genome and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of the model plant <it>Arabidopsis thaliana </it>has identified introns residing in both coding and non-coding regions of the genome. Results A bioinformatic analysis revealed some interesting observations: (1) the density of introns in 5'UTRs is similar to that in CDSs but much higher than that in 3'UTRs; (2) the 5'UTR introns are preferentially located close to the initiating ATG codon; (3) introns in the 5'UTRs are, on average, longer than introns in the CDSs and 3'UTRs; and (4) 5'UTR introns have a different nucleotide composition to that of CDS and 3'UTR introns. Furthermore, we show that the 5'UTR intron of the <it>A. thaliana </it>EF1α-A3 gene affects the gene expression and the size of the 5'UTR intron influences the level of gene expression. Conclusion Introns within the 5'UTR show specific features that distinguish them from introns that reside within the coding sequence and the 3'UTR. In the EF1α-A3 gene, the presence of a long intron in the 5'UTR is sufficient to enhance gene expression in plants in a size dependent manner.
Monoclonal antibodies reactive with distinct domains of the neu oncogene-encoded p185 molecule exert synergistic anti-tumor effects in vivo. (1988)

The neu oncogene encodes a 185,000 dalton transmembrane glycoprotein, p185. The current study examined the effects of p185-specific monoclonal antibody administration on the tumorigenic growth of neu-transformed NIH3T3 cells implanted into nude mice. Treatment with anti-p185 monoclonal antibodies of the IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b subclasses was able to profoundly inhibit the growth of neu-transformed cells. Furthermore, while none of these antibodies individually was able to cause complete eradication of tumors, the administration of mixtures of antibodies reactive with two distinct regions on the p185 molecule resulted in synergistic anti-tumor effects and complete eradication of tumors in a substantial fraction of the treated animals. The effect was oncogene specific, since the growth of ras transformed cells was not influenced by anti p185 antibodies. These results demonstrate that antibodies reactive with multiple domains of a tumor antigen can exert synergistic anti-tumor effects, and suggest that therapy with monoclonal antibodies specific for the neu oncogene product may play a role in cancer treatment.
Introduction to Cuba's social services (2003)

Cuba has become internationally recognized for its achievements in the areas of education and health, with social service delivery outcomes that surpass most countries in the developing world and in some areas match first-world standards. Since the Cuban revolution in 1959, and the subsequent establishment of a communist one-party government, the country has created a social service system that guarantees universal access to education and health care provided by the state. This model has enabled Cuba to achieve near universal literacy, the eradication of certain diseases, widespread access to potable water and basic sanitation, and among the lowest infant mortality rates and longest life expectancies in the region.
ISM-Band and Short Range Device Regulatory Compliance Overview (2005)

This application report covers the requirements for regulatory compliance in United States and Europe. The FCC and ETSI regulations for ISM bands or SRD are covered in detail for both transmitters and receivers. A brief explanation of the test procedures is also included in this report.
Conclusions and Implications (2008)

Section 2.2 discusses Labov’s claim that large-scale vowel changes are largely structured by language internal principles (Labov 1994). In his second volume on language change, he suggests that, for the most part, “social and structural elements in language (are) segregated” (Labov 2001: 29). In short, he conceptualizes internal and external types of change as two very different creatures which rarely interact: … internal and external (factors) are effectively independent of each other. If an internal factor is dropped or changed, changes appear in other internal factors, but the external factors remain unchanged; if an external factor is dropped or changed, other external factors change but the internal factors remain as they were. These basic sociolinguistic findings provide the methodological rationale for … the separate discussion of internal and external factors. (Labov 1994: 3) Chapter 8 considered internal constraints on the fronting of the high and lower-high back vowels as well as the external motivations driving the allophonic leveling of diphthongal variant of /ai/ in the progressive pre-voiceless context.
Imperfect quarter-waveplate compensation in Sagnac interferometer-type current sensors (1998)

We analyze scale factor errors associated with integrating imperfect quarter-waveplates into loop and in-line Sagnac interferometer fiber-optic current sensors. We show that relatively large imperfections in the quarter-waveplates can be tolerated in the loop version when the birefringence axes of the two quarter-waveplates are oriented 45/spl deg/ with respect to each other. For the in-line version, we demonstrate an electronic signal processing scheme that desensitizes the scale factor to imperfections in the quarter-waveplate.
Expression of survivin and matrix metalloproteinases in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix (2003)

Cervical cancer can be classified into two histological types: squamous cell carcinoma (SCA) and adenocarcinoma (ACA). Reportedly ACA has poorer prognoses, metastasizes more easily to lymph nodes, and is more resistant to radiotherapy than SCA. To clarify the cause of characteristic differences between these histological types, we examined the expressions of apoptosis inhibiting and tumor-invasion related factors in both histological types. We reviewed the 34 cases of cervical cancer (17 ACA, 17 SCA) that had surgery as their initial treatment at Osaka City University Medical School Hospital between 1996 and 2001. The differences of survivin, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2, and MMP-7) expressions between both histological types were immunohistochemically assayed, and the correlation between the expression of each protein and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed. Survivin was expressed significantly stronger in ACA cases (p=0.035). The number of patients who expressed MMP-2 and MMP-7 simultaneously was significantly higher in SCA cases (p=0.039). MMP-2 and MMP-7 had tendencies to be expressed stronger in SCA (p=0.057 and p=0.084, respectively). These results suggest that the differences of the expression of survivin (an apoptosis inhibiting factor), MMP-2, and MMP-7 (tumor-invasion related factors) between ACA and SCA were causes of the characteristic differences between the two histological types.
Molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma: an international meta-analysis of transcriptome, genetic aberrations, and clinical data of WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4 medulloblastomas (2012)

Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in childhood. Molecular studies from several groups around the world demonstrated that medulloblastoma is not one disease but comprises a collection of distinct molecular subgroups. However, all these studies reported on different numbers of subgroups. The current consensus is that there are only four core subgroups, which should be termed WNT, SHH, Group 3 and Group 4. Based on this, we performed a meta-analysis of all molecular and clinical data of 550 medulloblastomas brought together from seven independent studies. All cases were analyzed by gene expression profiling and for most cases SNP or array-CGH data were available. Data are presented for all medulloblastomas together and for each subgroup separately. For validation purposes, we compared the results of this meta-analysis with another large medulloblastoma cohort (n = 402) for which subgroup information was obtained by immunohistochemistry. Results from both cohorts are highly similar and show how distinct the molecular subtypes are with respect to their transcriptome, DNA copy-number aberrations, demographics, and survival. Results from these analyses will form the basis for prospective multi-center studies and will have an impact on how the different subgroups of medulloblastoma will be treated in the future.
Interactions of ATP, oestradiol, genistein and the anti-oestrogens, faslodex (ICI 182780) and tamoxifen, with the human erythrocyte glucose transporter, GLUT1 (2002)

17 beta-Oestradiol (ED when subscript to K) and the phytoestrogen isoflavone genistein (GEN) inhibit glucose transport in human erythrocytes and erythrocyte ghosts. The selective oestrogen receptor modulators or anti-oestrogens, faslodex (ICI 182780) (FAS) and tamoxifen (TAM), competitively antagonize oestradiol inhibition of glucose exit from erythrocytes (K(i(ED/FAS))=2.84+/-0.16 microM and K(i(ED/TAM))=100+/-2 nM). Faslodex has no significant inhibitory effect on glucose exit, but tamoxifen alone inhibits glucose exit (K(i(TAM))=300+/-100 nM). In ghosts, ATP (1-4 mM) competitively antagonizes oestradiol, genistein and cytochalasin B (CB)-dependent inhibitions of glucose exit, (K(i(ATP/ED))=2.5+/-0.23 mM, K(i(ATP/GEN))=0.99+/-0.17 mM and K(i(ATP/CB))=0.76+/-0.08 mM). Tamoxifen and faslodex reverse oestradiol-dependent inhibition of glucose exit with ATP>1 mM (K(i(ED/TAM))=130+/-5 nM and K(i(ED/FAS))=2.7+/-0.9 microM). The cytoplasmic surface of the glucose transporter (GLUT)1 contains four sequences with close homologies to sequences in the ligand-binding domain of human oestrogen receptor beta (hesr-2). One homology is adjacent to the Walker ATP-binding motif II (GLUT1, residues 225-229) in the large cytoplasmic segment linking transmembrane helices 6 and 7; another GLUT (residues 421-423) contains the Walker ATP-binding motif III. Mapping of these regions on to a three-dimensional template of GLUT indicates that a possible oestrogen-binding site lies between His(337), Arg(349) and Glu(249) at the cytoplasmic entrance to the hydrophilic pore spanning GLUT, which have a similar topology to His(475), Glu(305) and Arg(346) in hesr-2 that anchor the head and tail hydroxy groups of oestradiol and genistein, and thus are suitably placed to provide an ATP-sensitive oestrogen binding site that could modulate glucose export.
Expression of tumour associated antigens in normal, benign and malignant human mammary epithelial tissue: a comparative immunohistochemical study. (1998)

Breast carcinoma cells may express a variety of clinically relevant epitopes, some of which are associated with aberrant glycosylation of MUC1 mucin molecules, as well as determinants which are commonly expressed on their normal molecular counterparts. The present investigation is primarily an immunochemical analysis of MUC1 epitopes and other tumour associated antigenic determinants, as defined by their reaction with monoclonal antibodies and expressed in normal, benign and malignant epithelia. It was determined that malignant tissues of the breast expressed MUC1 mucin, as well as the Le(y) hapten and CEA, at different intensities, cellular distribution and patterns and percentages of positively stained cells. Conversely, benign tissues expressed a low intensity of MUC1 which was restricted to apical cell surface membranes and lumen debris; a similar pattern was found in some normal breast sections. It was concluded that MUC1 mucin exhibits heterogeneous antigenicity (as defined by its reactivity with a panel of related anti-MUC1 monoclonal antibodies) which is predominantly related to the progression of malignant disease. Le(y) is a marker of breast neoplasia, while CEA was found on only a small proportion of tumours. These immunohistochemical findings are considered in the context of improving breast cancer diagnosis and therapy.