gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Sensitized and In Vitro Activated B Cells Mediate Tumor Regression in Cancer Adoptive Immunotherapy (2009)

Adoptive cellular immunotherapy utilizing tumor-reactive T cells has proven to be a promising strategy for cancer treatment. However, we hypothesize that successful treatment strategies will have to appropriately stimulate not only cellular immunity, but also humoral immunity. We previously reported that B cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) may function as APCs. In this study, we identified TDLN B cells as effector cells in an adoptive immunotherapy model. In vivo primed and in vitro activated TDLN B cells alone mediated effective (p < 0.05) tumor regression after adoptive transfer into two histologically distinct murine pulmonary metastatic tumor models. Prior lymphodepletion of the host with either chemotherapy or whole-body irradiation augmented the therapeutic efficacy of the adoptively transferred TDLN B cells in the treatment of s.c. tumors as well as metastatic pulmonary tumors. Furthermore, B cell plus T cell transfers resulted in substantially more efficient antitumor responses than B cells or T cells alone (p < 0.05). Activated TDLN B cells conferred strong humoral responses to tumor. This was evident by the production of IgM, IgG, and IgG2b, which bound specifically to tumor cells and led to specific tumor cell lysis in the presence of complement. Collectively, these data indicate that in vivo primed and in vitro activated B cells can be employed as effector cells for cancer therapy. The synergistic antitumor efficacy of cotransferred activated B effector cells and T effector cells represents a novel approach for cancer adoptive immunotherapy.
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa Flagellar Cap Protein, FliD, Is Responsible for Mucin Adhesion (1998)

Mucin-specific adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa plays an important role in the initial colonization of this organism in the airways of cystic fibrosis patients. We report here that the flagellar cap protein, FliD, participates in this adhesion process. A polar chromosomal insertional mutation in the P. aeruginosa fliD gene made this organism nonadhesive to mucin in an in vitro mucin adhesion assay. The adhesive phenotype was restored by providing the fliD gene alone on a multicopy plasmid, suggesting involvement of this gene in mucin adhesion of P. aeruginosa. Further supporting this observation, the in vitro competition experiments demonstrated that purified FliD protein inhibited the mucin adhesion of nonpiliated P. aeruginosa PAK-NP, while the same concentrations of PilA and FlaG proteins of P. aeruginosa were ineffective in this function. The regulation of the fliD gene was studied and was found to be unique in that the transcription of the fliD gene was independent of the flagellar sigma factor sigma28. Consistent with this finding, no sigma28 binding sequence could be identified in the fliD promoter region. The results of the beta-galactosidase assays suggest that the fliD gene in P. aeruginosa is regulated by the newly described transcriptional regulator FleQ and the alternate sigma factor sigma54 (RpoN).
Wordspotter training using figure-of-merit back propagation (2002)

A new approach to wordspotter training is presented which directly maximizes the figure of merit (FOM) defined as the average detection rate over a specified range of false alarm rates. This systematic approach to discriminant training for wordspotters eliminates the necessity of ad hoc thresholds and tuning. It improves the FOM of wordspotters tested using cross-validation on the credit-card speech corpus training conversations by 4 to 5 percentage points to roughly 70%. This improved performance requires little extra complexity during wordspotting and only two extra passes through the training data during training. The FOM gradient is computed analytically for each putative hit, back-propagated through HMM word models using the Viterbi alignment, and used to adjust RBF hidden node centers and state-weights associated with every node in HMM keyword models.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Volatile and non-volatile memories in silicon with nano-crystal storage (2002)

A single transistor memory structure, with changes in threshold voltage exceeding /spl ap/0.25 V corresponding to single electron storage in individual nano-crystals, operating in the sub-3 V range, and exhibiting long term to non-volatile charge storage is reported. As a consequence of Coulombic effects, operation at 77 K shows a saturation in threshold voltage in a range of gate voltages with steps in the threshold voltage corresponding to single and multiple electron storage. The plateauing of threshold shift, operation at ultra-low power, low voltages, and single element implementation utilizing current sensing makes this an alternative memory at speeds lower than those of DRAMs and higher than those of E/sup 2/PROMs, but with potential for significantly higher density, lower power, and faster read.
Biophysical Approach toward Tumor Regression in Mice (1959)

An external electrical source of low magnitude was used in a series of experiments to alter inherent tumor potentials in mice. While no significant increase of tumor growth was noted in the acceleration group, total tumor regressions were obtained in the inhibition group. Preliminary studies with leukemia did not yield significant results.
Lutetium-177–PSMA-617 for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2021)

Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer remains fatal despite recent advances. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is highly expressed in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Lutetium-177 (177Lu)–PSMA-617 is a radioligand therapy that delivers beta-particle radiation to PSMA-expressing cells and the surrounding microenvironment.
Organizational behavior of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. (1982)

Culture conditions that favor rapid multiplication of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUV-EC) also support long-term serial propagation of the cells. This is routinely achieved when HUV-EC are grown in Medium 199 (M-199) supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS) and endothelial cell growth factor (ECGF), on a human fibronectin (HFN) matrix. The HUV-EC can shift from a proliferative to an organized state when the in vitro conditions are changed from those favoring low density proliferation to those supporting high density survival. When ECGF and HFN are omitted, cultures fail to achieve confluence beyond the first or second passage: the preconfluent cultures organize into tubular structures after 4-6 wk. Some tubes become grossly visible and float in the culture medium, remaining tethered to the plastic dish at either end of the tube. On an ultrastructural level, the tubes consist of cells, held together by junctional complexes, arranged so as to form a lumen. The smallest lumens are formed by one cell folding over to form a junction with itself. The cells contain Weibel-Palade bodies and factor VIII-related antigen. The lumens contain granular, fibrillar and amorphous debris. Predigesting the HFN matrix with trypsin (10 min, 37 degrees C) or plasmin significantly accelerates tube formation. Thrombin and plasminogen activator had no apparent effect. Disruption of the largest tubes with trypsin/EDTA permits the cells to revert to a proliferative state if plated on HFN, in M-199, FBS, and ECGF. These observations indicate that culture conditions that do not favor proliferation permit attainment of a state of nonterminal differentiation (organization) by the endothelial cell. Furthermore, proteolytic modification of the HFN matrix may play an important role in endothelial organization.
Proposal for an Infrared Maser Dependent on Vibrational Excitation (1961)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation J. C. Polanyi; Proposal for an Infrared Maser Dependent on Vibrational Excitation. J. Chem. Phys. 1 January 1961; 34 (1): 347–348. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1731608 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioThe Journal of Chemical Physics Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Inflammatory Mediated Chronic Anemia in Patients Supported with a Mechanical Circulatory Assist Device (2004)

It is widely accepted and clinically anticipated that the patient implanted with a mechanical circulatory assist device (MCAD) will develop a state of chronic anemia that will last throughout the duration of MCAD support. Large-scale hemolysis mediated by the high sheer stress transmitted to the erythrocytes (RBCs) from the mechanical action of most MCAD systems is the accustomed mechanism responsible for this anemic status. MCAD patients exhibiting chronic anemia require frequent blood transfusions placing the patients at a high infectious risk to maintain an acceptable hematocrit. It is also acknowledged that the biomaterial interaction of the MCAD with the immune system precipitates a chronic inflammatory state in this patient population. Taken together, we hypothesize that inflammatory mediation of the erythropoiesis pathway at multiple sites-limiting the replacement of lysed RBCs-dictates the extent of chronic anemia in MCAD patients more than mechanical trauma to the blood. Hematological parameters were retrospectively analyzed for 78 patients implanted with a mechanical circulatory assist device for greater than 30 days at the University of Arizona Health Sciences Center between the years 1996 to 2002. Analysis demonstrates that the rate of hemolysis slows after MCAD implantation, marked by a progressively decreasing plasma hemoglobin concentration. In addition, the absolute reticulocyte count, a marker of juvenile RBC production, increases and remains above maximum normal values after MCAD implantation. Furthermore, the mean cell hemoglobin concentration indicates sufficient substrate for RBC development and maturation. However, hematocrit, a conventional marker of anemia, drops and remains below minimum normal value throughout the measured time period. A state of anemia in the MCAD supported patient results initially from the effect of hemolysis associated with the mechanical action of the MCAD, then chronically persists as the result of another undetermined mechanism. Given the state of chronic inflammation in the patient population, immunological activation most likely limits the full production of RBCs to their mature state.
Operations for Atrial Fibrillation (1991)

Atrial fibrillation is the most common of all sustained cardiac arrhythmias, yet it has no effective medical or surgical therapy. During the past decade, multipoint computerized electrophysiological mapping systems were used to map both experimental and human atrial fibrillation. On the basis of these studies, a new surgical procedure was developed for atrial fibrillation. Between September 25, 1987, and May 1, 1991, this procedure was applied in 22 patients with either paroxysmal atrial flutter (n = 2), paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (n = 11), or chronic atrial fibrillation (n = 9) of 2 to 21 years' duration. All patients were refractory to all antiarrhythmic medications and each patient failed an average of 5.2 drugs preoperatively. There were no operative deaths and all perioperative morbidity resolved. All 22 patients have been cured of atrial fibrillation with surgery alone. One late isolated episode of atrial flutter occurred in a patient who is now receiving encainide. Preservation of atrial transport function has been documented in all of the patients postoperatively and all have experienced marked clinical improvement.
A Brassinosteroid-Insensitive Mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana Exhibits Multiple Defects in Growth and Development (1996)

Brassinosteroids are widely distributed plant compounds that modulate cell elongation and division, but little is known about the mechanism of action of these plant growth regulators. To investigate brassinosteroids as signals influencing plant growth and development, we identified a brassinosteroid-insensitive mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Henyh. ecotype Columbia. The mutant, termed bri1, did not respond to brassinosteroids in hypocotyl elongation and primary root inhibition assays, but it did retain sensitivity to auxins, cytokinins, ethylene, abscisic acid, and gibberellins. The bri1 mutant showed multiple deficiencies in developmental pathways that could not be rescued by brassinosteroid treatment including a severely dwarfed stature; dark green, thickened leaves; males sterility; reduced apical dominance; and de-etiolation of dark-grown seedlings. Genetic analysis suggests that the Bri1 phenotype is caused by a recessive mutation in a single gene with pleiotropic effects that maps 1.6 centimorgans from the cleaved, amplified, polymorphic sequence marker DHS1 on the bottom of chromosome IV. The multiple and dramatic effects of mutation of the BRI1 locus on development suggests that the BRI1 gene may play a critical role in brassinosteroid perception or signal transduction.
Grounded Language Learning in a Simulated 3D World (2017)

We are increasingly surrounded by artificially intelligent technology that takes decisions and executes actions on our behalf. This creates a pressing need for general means to communicate with, instruct and guide artificial agents, with human language the most compelling means for such communication. To achieve this in a scalable fashion, agents must be able to relate language to the world and to actions; that is, their understanding of language must be grounded and embodied. However, learning grounded language is a notoriously challenging problem in artificial intelligence research. Here we present an agent that learns to interpret language in a simulated 3D environment where it is rewarded for the successful execution of written instructions. Trained via a combination of reinforcement and unsupervised learning, and beginning with minimal prior knowledge, the agent learns to relate linguistic symbols to emergent perceptual representations of its physical surroundings and to pertinent sequences of actions. The agent's comprehension of language extends beyond its prior experience, enabling it to apply familiar language to unfamiliar situations and to interpret entirely novel instructions. Moreover, the speed with which this agent learns new words increases as its semantic knowledge grows. This facility for generalising and bootstrapping semantic knowledge indicates the potential of the present approach for reconciling ambiguous natural language with the complexity of the physical world.
Prevalence and Impact of Bacteriophages on the Presence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Feedlot Cattle and Their Environment (2009)

The relationship between endemic bacteriophages infecting E. coli O157:H7 (referred to as "phage") and levels of shedding of E. coli O157:H7 by cattle was investigated in two commercial feedlots in southern Alberta, Canada. Between May and November 2007, 10 pens of cattle were monitored by collection of pooled fecal pats, water with sediment from troughs, manure slurry from the pen floor, and rectal fecal samples from individual animals (20 per pen) at two separate times. Bacteriophages infecting E. coli O157:H7 were detected more frequently (P<0.001) after 18 to 20 h enrichment than by initial screening and were recovered in 239 of 855 samples (26.5% of 411 pooled fecal pats, 23.8% of 320 fecal grab samples, 21.8% of 87 water trough samples, and 94.6% of 37 pen floor slurry samples). Overall, prevalence of phage was highest (P<0.001) in slurry. Recovery of phage from pooled fecal pats was highest (P<0.05) in May. Overall recovery did not differ (P>0.10) between fecal grab samples and pooled fecal pats. A higher prevalence of phage in fecal pats or water trough samples was associated (P<0.01) with reduced prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in rectal fecal samples. There was a weak but significant negative correlation between isolation of phage and E. coli O157:H7 in fecal grab samples (r= -0.11; P<0.05). These data demonstrate that the prevalence of phage fluctuates in a manner similar to that described for E. coli O157:H7. Phage were more prevalent in manure slurry than other environmental sources. The likelihood of fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7 was reduced if cattle in the pen harbored phage.
The termini of VSV DI particle RNAs are sufficient to signal RNA encapsidation, replication, and budding to generate infectious particles (1995)

Infectious defective interfering (DI) particles of the negative-stranded RNA virus vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) have been recovered from negative-sense transcripts of a plasmid that contains a full-length cDNA derived from the DI-T particle genome. In order to determine the cis-acting sequences necessary for RNA replication, encapsidation, and budding and to approximate the minimal size of RNA that can be packaged into infectious particles, we constructed a series of internal deletions in the DI cDNA to generate plasmids that could be transcribed to yield RNAs which ranged in size from 2209 nucleotides down to 102 nucleotides. All the deletion plasmids retained at least 36 nucleotides from the 5'-terminus and 51 nucleotides from the 3'-terminus of the DI genome. In cells expressing the five VSV proteins, the deleted DI RNAs were examined for their ability to be encapsidated, to replicate, and to bud to produce infectious DI particles. An RNA as small as 191 nucleotides, which contained 46 nucleotides from the 5'-end and 145 nucleotides from the 3'-end of the DI genome was encapsidated, replicated, and budded at least as efficiently as the full-length wild-type DI RNA. In contrast, a 102-nucleotide RNA that contained only the 51 nucleotides from the 5'-end of the DI RNA and its perfect 51-nucleotide complement at the 3'-end replicated poorly and failed to bud infectious DI particles. However, an RNA with an insertion of 1499-nucleotide "stuffer" sequences of non-VSV origin between the two 51-nucleotide complementary termini not only replicated but also budded infectious particles. These data show that the signals necessary for RNA encapsidation, replication, and packaging into infectious DI particles are contained within the 5'-terminal 36 nucleotides and the 3'-terminal 51 nucleotides of the DI RNA genome. Furthermore, the results show that a heterologous sequence can be replicated and packaged into infectious particles if it is flanked by the DI RNA termini.
Unified functional decomposition via encoding for FPGA technology mapping (2001)

Functional decomposition has recently been adopted for look-up table (LUT)-based field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technology mapping with good results. In this paper we propose a novel method to unify functional single-output and multiple-output decomposition. We first address a compatible class encoding algorithm to minimize the number of compatible classes in the image function. After applying the encoding algorithm, we can therefore improve the decomposability in the subsequent decomposition of the image function. The above encoding algorithm is then extended to encode multiple-output functions through the construction of a hyperfunction. Common subexpressions among these multiple-output functions can be extracted during the decomposition of the hyperfunction. Consequently, we can handle multiple-output decomposition in the same manner as single-output decomposition. Experimental results show that our algorithms are promising.
Roles of Myofibroblasts in Prostaglandin E2–Stimulated Intestinal Epithelial Proliferation and Angiogenesis (2006)

Prostaglandins (PG) are produced throughout the gastrointestinal tract and are critical mediators for a complex array of physiologic and pathophysiologic processes in the intestine. Intestinal myofibroblasts, which express cyclooxygenase (COX) and generate PGE(2), play important roles in intestinal epithelial proliferation, differentiation, inflammation, and neoplasia through secreting growth factors and cytokines. Here, we show that PGE(2) activated human intestinal subepithelial myofibroblasts (18Co) through Gs protein-coupled E-prostanoid receptors and the cyclic AMP/protein kinase A pathway. 18Co cells and primary colonic myofibroblast isolates expressed a number of growth factors; several of them were dramatically regulated by PGE(2). An epidermal growth factor-like growth factor, amphiregulin (AR), which was not expressed by untreated cells, was strongly induced by PGE(2). Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) was rapidly increased by PGE(2) exposure. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was elevated in PGE(2)-treated myofibroblasts at both mRNA and protein levels. Thus, PGE(2)-activated myofibroblasts promoted the proliferation and migration of intestinal epithelial cells, which were attenuated by neutralizing antibodies to AR and HGF, respectively. Moreover, in the presence of PGE(2), myofibroblasts strongly stimulated the migration and tubular formation of vascular endothelial cells. Neutralizing antibody to VEGFA inhibited the observed stimulation of migration. These results suggest that myofibroblast-generated growth factors are important mediators for PGE(2)-induced intestinal epithelial proliferation and angiogenesis, which play critical roles in intestinal homeostasis, inflammation, and neoplasia.
Particle Size Distribution and Rate of Strength Development of Portland Cement (1989)

The fineness of a portland cement is a key factor in determining its strength development characteristics. A simple one‐parameter fineness characterization such as a Blaine value or a sieve residue is often inadequate for a precise evaluation of the influence of fineness on the strength development of cement, especially when comparing cements ground with different grinding equipment. Information on the whole particle size distribution (PSD) of the cement must be used. A mathematical model relating PSD to strength, based on comparison of cements made from the same basic materials (clinker and gypsum) but ground to different PSD, is presented. The model assumes that at a given time of hydration all particles have reacted to the same depth from the original surface. Integrating over the total PSD will give the degree of hydration for a specific size distribution. From a correlation between strength and degree of hydration, differences in degree of hydration can be converted into relative strengths. The applicability of the model is demonstrated by two examples. The first example compares two cements which are ground to different finenesses in the same mill. The second example compares two cements which are ground to the same specific surface area in two different mill systems, bringing about cements with PSDs of different shape. The depth of reaction values found to give the best description seems to be proportional to the square root of time of reaction, indicating a diffusion‐controlled hydration reaction.