gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Test of the Double-Strand-Break Repair Model of Recombination in Xenopus laevis Oocytes (1992)

A direct test was made of predictions of the double-strand-break repair (DSBR) model of recombination in Xenopus laevis oocytes. The DNA substrate injected into oocytes had two directly repeated copies of a 1.25-kb sequence and was cleaved within one of them. Different products were expected to result from concerted, conservative events, as predicted by the DSBR model, and from nonconservative events. Only very low levels of recombination products, both conservative and nonconservative, were observed. When individual, apparent DSBR products were cloned and characterized, it emerged that the majority of them had arisen by nonconservative recombination through short, terminal homologies and not from the gene conversion events predicted for DSBR. Two cloned products among 44 tested corresponded to the predications of the DSBR model, but these could also have been generated by other processes. The most efficient recombination events in oocytes are nonconservative and are based on long, terminal homologous overlaps; when these are not available, short, imperfect overlaps support a lower level of nonconservative recombination; genuine, conservative DSBR events occur rarely, if at all.
The relationship between achievement on the test of cognitive skills and the Stanford-Binet intelligence scale : fourth edition for elementary school students (1989)

For many school psychologists the constraints of time create a need to identify an instrument that can be used to screen students referred for comprehensive psychoeducational evaluations. This study examined the relationship between scores students obtained on the group-administered Test of Cognitive Skills (TCS) and those they obtained on the individually administered Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition (SB:FE). Comparisons were made between the Cognitive Skills Index (CSI) and Sattler's Factor scores from the SB:FE, and between the CSI and the SB:FE Composite score.The subjects were 75 elementary public school students who were enrolled in regular education classes at least 50% of their school day. The students were referred for comprehensive evaluations because of concern about their academic progress. Archival data from tests administered during the 1987-1988 school year were gathered from the students' cumulative school files.Pearson product moment correlations indicate that (in the sample studied) there was a significant positive correlation between the CSI scores and each of the Factor scores and the Composite scores. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedures were used to test mean differences. The data indicate that there was no statistically significant difference between the mean score of the CSI and the Verbal Comprehension Factor score, nor between the CSI and Memory Factor. However, the Nonverbal Reasoning/Visualization and Composite means differed significantly from the CSI mean.The results of this study suggest that the CSI can make a worthwhile contribution to referral information. Correlational and mean difference data derived from this study demonstrate the need for caution when interpreting and applying statistical findings. Additional research is needed to clarify further the relationship among group-administered and individually administered intelligence tests, and between the SB:FE and other individually administered intelligence tests.
CD44H Participates in the Intrahepatic Growth of Murine Colon 26 Adenocarcinoma Cells (1998)

The purpose of this study was to determine if CD44, a metastasis-associated cell adhesion molecule, is involved in the hepatic colonization by murine colon 26 adenocarcinoma cells. Indirect membrane immunofluorescence and FACS analysis showed strong expressions of CD44 and integrin beta 1 on colon 26 cells. Injection of 1 x 10(5) colon 26 cells into the superior mesenteric vein of syngeneic BALB/c mice produced macroscopic hepatic nodules in 92% (22/24) of the mice 14 days after inoculation. When colon 26 cells were pretreated with an anti-CD44 monoclonal antibody (mAb), IM7, only 30% (3/10) of the mice produced minute nodules in the liver on day 14 (P < 0.001), though IM7 did not inhibit growth of the cells in vitro. Pretreatment of colon 26 cells with an anti-integrin beta 1 mAb did not significantly block the hepatic metastasis. Histologically, microcolonies of tumor cells were detected in all of the livers on day 14 including the IM7-pretreatment mice that were free of gross nodules. However, percentages of tumor-occupied areas in the liver were consistently lower in IM7-pretreatment mice than in control mice (0.82% vs. 5.0% on day 14; P < 0.005). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification of mRNA revealed that colon 26 cells and splenocytes only expressed the hematopoietic isoform of CD44 (CD44H), which had no insertion of variant exons, while normal colonocytes expressed possible variant isoforms. These data suggest that malignant transformation of murine colonic epithelium altered the expression pattern of CD44 isoforms and that CD44H participates in the intrahepatic growth of colon 26 cells.
Development of a Questionnaire to Assess Vision Problems under Low Luminance in Age-Related Maculopathy (2006)

The 32-item LLQ, derived from the content of focus group comments by persons with ARM, has good construct validity, subscale scores related to rod-mediated visual function, and good test-retest reliability for five of six subscales. The LLQ may ultimately be useful in patient-centered evaluation of the outcome of interventions to prevent ARM or to arrest progression of early disease.
Glycolysis as a metabolic marker in orthotopic breast cancer, monitored by in vivo 13C MRS (2002)

Enhanced glycolysis represents a striking feature of cancers and can therefore serve to indicate a malignant transformation. We have developed a noninvasive, quantitative method to characterize tumor glycolysis by monitoring (13)C-labeled glucose and lactate with magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This method was applied in MCF7 human breast cancer implanted in the mammary gland of female CD1-NU mice and was further employed to assess tumor response to hormonal manipulation with the antiestrogen tamoxifen. Analysis of the kinetic data based on a unique physiological-metabolic model yielded the rate parameters of glycolysis, glucose perfusion, and lactate clearance in the tumor, as well as glucose pharmacokinetics in the plasma. Treatment with tamoxifen induced a twofold reduction in the rate of glycolysis and of lactate clearance but did not affect the other parameters. This metabolic monitoring can thus serve to evaluate the efficacy of new selective estrogen receptor modulators and may be further extended to improve diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer.
Trefoil factor 3 is overexpressed in human prostate cancer (2004)

The trefoil factors are secreted peptides produced by normal intestinal mucosa. Members of the trefoil family are overexpressed in a variety of cancers and are associated with tumor invasion, resistance to apoptosis, and metastasis. Recent cDNA array analyses suggest that human intestinal trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) may be overexpressed in human prostate cancer. Immunohistochemistry was performed on a prostate cancer tissue microarray containing tumor tissue samples from 246 primary radical retropubic prostatectomy cases with antibodies specific for TFF3. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and morphologically normal prostatic epithelium were represented on this array. Additionally, 18 metastatic lesions were also stained. Two independent pathologists scored the tissue arrays, with positive cases defined as those containing TFF3 staining in a majority of target cells within any spots representing the appropriate designated histology. Forty-two percent of 236 cases containing prostate cancer stained positive for TFF3, while only 10% of 145 cases containing normal tissue and 18% of 91 cases containing BPH, stained positive. Seven of 18 (39%) metastatic lesions analyzed stained positive. Although TFF3 expression correlates significantly with prostate cancer, TFF3 expression did not correlate with Gleason grade, tumor stage, or rate of recurrence. These studies validate that TFF3 is overexpressed in a subset of primary and metastic prostate cancers.
MicroUnity software development environment (2002)

To achieve its objectives, the MicroUnity mediaprocessor requires a software development environment which allows development at high levels of abstraction, yet provides access to the high-performance processor resources where necessary. The components of this environment include a symbolic development front-end for mathematical algorithms, an optimizing C compiler, a fast, cycle-accurate simulator source debugger, performance analysis tools, operating systems, and libraries. In this paper, we describe these components, as well as some of our future plans for them.
Arres: computer assisted post anesthesia care unit monitoring system (2003)

A prototype system is being designed to provide advance warning of adverse respiratory and circulatory conditions in postanesthesia patients. The system is designed to minimize artifacts in the database, validate data for epidemiologic studies, and identify variables that predict adverse events through the application of artificial intelligence techniques and statistical models. The system is of modular design. The modules include the patient database, statistical model, interface to monitoring devices, rules for evaluating the monitor data, clinical knowledge, and advice. >
Giant conductance oscillations in a normal mesoscopic ring induced by an SNS Josephson current (1994)

A theoretical explanation of giant conductance oscillations observed in normal mesoscopic rings with superconducting ``mirrors" is proposed. The effect is due to resonant tuning of Andreev levels to the Fermi level, which enhances the transparency of the system to the normal current. The mechanism is demonstrated for a one-dimensional model system.
The leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LIRs): a new family of immune regulators (1999)

Identification of a counterstructure for the human cytomegalovirus-encoded major histocompatibility complex class I-related gene product, UL18, has led to the discovery of a novel family of immunoreceptors, termed leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LIRs). The LIRs are differentially expressed in cells of the dendritic cell, monocytic and lymphocytic lineages, and appear to mediate diverse roles in immune regulation. This review summarizes the expression, distribution, and signaling capacities of the LIRs and discusses possible roles of the LIRs in both inhibition and activation of the cellular responses.
The nucleotide sequence and transcript map of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene (1980)

This paper presents the nucleotide sequence of the Herpes Simplex Virus thymidine kinase (tk) gene. The position on the DNA sequence corresponding to the 5' and 3' termini of tk messenger RNA have been mapped. The mRNA termini are separated by slightly more than 1,300 nucleotides. The same 2,300 nucleotide segment of tk coding strand DNA is fully protected from S1 nuclease digestion when hybridized to tk mRNA. The location and size of the mRNA-coding segment corresponds to a region of the viral DNA that is essential for tk gene expression in microinjected frog oocytes. The nucleotide sequence of the HSV tk gene exhibits an open translational reading frame of 376 codons that extends from the methionine codon most proximal to the 5' terminus of tk mRNA to a UGA stop codon approximately 70 nucleotides from the poly-A addition site. The results of these experiments indicate that the tk gene is not interrupted by intervening DNA sequences, and that certain oligonucleotide sequences adjacent to the termini of the tk gene are homologous to similarly positioned sequences common to structural genes of eukaryotic cells.
2-Bromophenanthridone (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2-BromophenanthridoneW. L. MosbyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 3, 936–937Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01632a103https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01632a103research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views348Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lymphotoxin β Receptor Triggering Induces Activation of the Nuclear Factor κB Transcription Factor in Some Cell Types (1996)

NFkappaB is a pleiotropic transcription factor capable of activating the expression of a great variety of genes critical for the immunoinflammatory response. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and lymphotoxin alpha (LTalpha, originally TNFbeta) are potent nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) activators in various cell types. The LTalpha molecule, in addition to being secreted as a soluble trimer, can also form membrane-anchored heterotrimers with the LTbeta chain, another member of the TNF family. The LTalpha1beta2 heterotrimer binds a specific receptor, called the LTbeta receptor (LTbeta-R), which is also a member of the TNF receptor family. Here, we show that engagement of LTbeta-R with a soluble form of LTalpha1beta2 or with a specific anti-LTbeta-R agonistic monoclonal antibody CBE11 quickly induces activation of NFkappaB in HT-29 and WiDr human adenocarcinomas. LTbeta-R triggering activates NFkappaB and induces proliferation in WI-38 human lung fibroblasts. No NFkappaB activation is observed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, correlating with the inability of LTbeta-R activation to induce expression of NFkappaB-dependent cell surface adhesion molecules. Thus, like several other members of the TNF receptor family, the LTbeta-R can activate NFkappaB following receptor ligation in some but not all LTbeta-R-positive cells.
Dressing conformability and silver- containing wound dressings (2010)

Background: All wounds have unique and irregular topographies, including cavities where fluids and bacteria may collect and increase the risk of wound infection. Aims: To qualitatively and quantitatively investigate the relationship between the physical structure of antiseptic wound dressings and their ability to manage bioburden in models that simulate clinical conditions. Methods: In vitro models were utilised to enable both visualisation of the conformability of silver-containing dressings with a simulated wound tissue surface, and measure the corresponding antimicrobial effect that these dressings had on a shallow wound microbial model. Results: Tissue contact and antimicrobial activity was shown with a silvercontaining Hydrofiber ® dressing (HF-Ag) over a 48-hour contact period. In contrast, the silver-containing foam dressings tested demonstrated areas of non-conformability which were associated with reduced antimicrobial activity. Conclusions: These in vitro studies confirm that both dressing conformability and silver availability to bacteria at the wound surface are critical to the optimum functioning of silver-containing dressings. Conflict of interest: The study was sponsored by ConvaTec.
In vivo radioprotective effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony- stimulating factor in lethally irradiated mice (1990)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vivo radioprotective effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) in lethally irradiated BALB/c mice. We initially analyzed the effects of increasing doses of rhG-CSF on survival of mice receiving 700 cGy (LD100/30) single dose total body irradiation (TBI). While 1 microgram/kg to 100 micrograms/kg doses of rhG-CSF were not radioprotective, a dose-dependent radioprotection was observed at 200 micrograms/kg to 4,000 micrograms/kg rhG-CSF. We next compared four different rhG-CSF treatment regimens side by side for their radioprotective effects in LD100/30 irradiated mice. One hundred percent of control mice receiving phosphate buffered saline died within 21 days after TBI with a median survival of 14 days. The median survival was prolonged to 20 days and the actuarial 60-day survival rate was increased to 27% when mice received 2,000 micrograms/kg rhG- CSF 24 hours before TBI (P = .0002; Mantel-Peto-Cox). Similarly, the median survival time was prolonged to 24 days and the actuarial 60-day survival rate was increased to 33%, when mice were given 2,000 micrograms/kg rhG-CSF 30 minutes before TBI. Optimal radioprotection was achieved when 2,000 micrograms/kg rhG-CSF was administered in two divided doses of 1,000 micrograms/kg given 24 hours before and 1,000 micrograms/kg given 30 minutes before TBI. This regimen prolonged the median survival time of LD100/30 irradiated mice to more than 60 days and increased the actuarial 60-day survival rate to 62% (P = .0001; Mantel-Peto-Cox). By comparison, no survival advantage was observed when mice received rhG-CSF 24 hours post-TBI. Similar radioprotective effects were observed when mice were irradiated with 650 cGy (LD80/30). The presented findings provide conclusive evidence that rhG-CSF has significant in vivo radioprotective effects for mice receiving LD100/30 or LD80/30 TBI.
Expression of H-ras correlates with metastatic potential: evidence for direct regulation of the metastatic phenotype in 10T1/2 and NIH 3T3 cells. (1987)

Using three independent approaches, we studied the effects of H-ras on metastasis formation. Analysis of five in vitro-ras-transfected 10T1/2 clones with either flat or refractile morphologies revealed a relationship between metastatic potential, H-ras expression, and anchorage-independent growth. Four metastatic variants derived from a poorly metastatic, low-H-ras-expressing line all expressed high levels of H-ras RNA and grew efficiently in soft agar. Activation of H-ras expression in the metastatic tumors had occurred through amplification and rearrangement of H-ras sequences. In addition, preinduction of p21 synthesis in NIH 3T3 line 433, which contains v-H-ras under transcriptional control of the glucocorticoid-sensitive mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat, significantly increased metastatic efficiency. Glucocorticoid treatment of normal or pEJ-transformed NIH 3T3 cells did not affect metastatic potential. These data reveal a direct relationship between ras expression and metastasis formation and suggest that metastatic and transformed phenotypes may be coregulated in ras-transformed 10T1/2 and NIH 3T3 cells.
Ragged N-termini and other variants of class A β-lactamases analysed by chromatofocusing (1991)

Four beta-lactamases excreted by Gram-positive bacteria exhibited microheterogeneity when analysed by chromatofocusing or ion-exchange chromatography. Ragged N-termini were in part responsible for the charge variants, but deamidation of an asparagine residue was also involved, at least for the Bacillus licheniformis enzyme. The activity of a contaminating proteinase could also be demonstrated in the case of Actinomadura R39 beta-lactamase. With that enzyme, proteolysis resulted in partial inactivation, but the inactivated fragments were easily separated from the active forms. With these, as with the other enzymes, the kinetic parameters of the major variants were identical with those of the mixture within the limits of experimental error, so that the catalytic properties of these enzymes can be determined with the 'heterogeneous' preparations.
Indexing for complex queries on a query-by-content image database (2002)

We describe how the QBIC (Query By Image Content) system handles "multi-*" queries-queries on large image collections involving multifeatures of each image as a whole and of multiple objects within each image. The queries are based on properties of image content-such as colors, textures, shapes, and edges. The system computes a set of features to describe the above properties, uses distance-like measures on the features to provide similarity based retrieval, and has a graphical interface that enable users pose queries visually. In this paper, we present QBIC indexing algorithms that allow these "multi-*" queries to run efficiently.
Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy Is Required for Tumor Growth (2011)

The cellular process of autophagy (literally "self-eating") is important for maintaining the homeostasis and bioenergetics of mammalian cells. Two of the best-studied mechanisms of autophagy are macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). Changes in macroautophagy activity have been described in cancer cells and in solid tumors, and inhibition of macroautophagy promotes tumorigenesis. Because normal cells respond to inhibition of macroautophagy by up-regulation of the CMA pathway, we aimed to characterize the CMA status in different cancer cells and to determine the contribution of changes in CMA to tumorigenesis. Here, we show consistent up-regulation of CMA in different types of cancer cells regardless of the status of macroautophagy. We also demonstrate an increase in CMA components in human cancers of different types and origins. CMA is required for cancer cell proliferation in vitro because it contributes to the maintenance of the metabolic alterations characteristic of malignant cells. Using human lung cancer xenografts in mice, we confirmed the CMA dependence of cancer cells in vivo. Inhibition of CMA delays xenograft tumor growth, reduces the number of cancer metastases, and induces regression of existing human lung cancer xenografts in mice. The fact that similar manipulations of CMA also reduce tumor growth of two different melanoma cell lines suggests that targeting this autophagic pathway may have broad antitumorigenic potential.
Genetic aspects of early chiidhood scoliosis (1987)

Eighty-seven families with early onset scoliosis were evaluated. These were divided into 3 groups: resolving infantile idiopathic scoliosis (15 families), progressive infantile idiopathic scoliosis (21 families), and congenital scoliosis due to vertebral malformations (51 families). The children with congenital scoliosis were subdivided into those who had closed neural arch defects (19 families) and those who did not (32 families). Resolving infantile idiopathic scoliosis was usually associated with plagiocephaly, and both deformations tended to show spontaneous recovery. These children were otherwise normal. Seven (33%) of the children with progressive infantile idiopathic scoliosis were mentally retarded, but only 2 had a congenital malformation. In contrast, 18 (33%) of the children with congenital scoliosis had other malformations, but only 2 were mentally retarded. The recurrence risk for scoliosis was low in each group studied. However, there was an increased risk (4% for sibs) of neural tube defects in the families with congenital scoliosis (with or without neural arch defects). This sib risk was apparent for probands with only a single hemivertebrum in addition to probands with more extensive vertebral defects and would support an etiological relationship between neural tube defects and other vertebral malformations.