gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF)/NK1 Is a Naturally Occurring HGF/Scatter Factor Variant with Partial Agonist/Antagonist Activity (1996)

Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) stimulates cell proliferation, motility, and morphogenesis by activation of its receptor, the c-Met tyrosine kinase. HGF/SF is structurally related to plasminogen, including an amino-terminal hairpin loop, four kringle domains, and a serine protease-like region. A truncated HGF/SF isoform, designated HGF/NK2, which extends through the second kringle domain and behaves as a competitive HGF/SF antagonist, was previously shown to be encoded by an alternative HGF/SF transcript. In this study, we describe a second naturally occurring HGF/SF variant, HGF/NK1, consisting of the HGF/SF amino-terminal sequence and first kringle domain. This product is encoded by a 2-kilobase alternative transcript containing intronic sequence that was contiguous with exon K1b. Analysis of baculovirus-expressed HGF/NK1 revealed that this isoform possesses the heparin binding properties of HGF/SF and modest mitogenic and scattering activity relative to HGF/SF. However, at a 40-fold molar excess, HGF/NK1 inhibited HGF/SF-dependent DNA synthesis. HGF/NK1 stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of Met, and covalent affinity cross-linking demonstrated a direct HGF/NK1-receptor interaction. These findings establish that the HGF/SF gene encodes multiple alternative products, which include not only a mitogenic agonist (HGF/SF) and a pure antagonist (HGF/NK2) but also a molecule with partial agonist/antagonist properties.
<title>Wavelet-packet-based multiple-access communication</title> (1994)

We explore the role that the wavelet packet transforms can play an increasing multiple access communication throughput via waveform design and receiver design. Wavelet packets offer a flexible framework which allows us to select and refine signature waveforms at intermediate time-frequency levels leading to the development of efficient methods for near optimal receiver implementation. The optimal receiver will jointly demodulate all of the received waveforms and has a complexity which is exponential in the number of users, while a suboptimal version will attempt to do the same with a greatly reduced computational complexity. We believe that our wavelet packet recursive joint detection system described in this paper offers a good alternative approach to existing comparable methods. Specifically, our preliminary analysis and simulation results indicate the potential for a marked computational improvement over the optimal detector and additional flexibility and efficiency over other proposed joint detection schemes for multiple access communication.
Neutrophil plasma membranes. I. High-yield purification of human neutrophil plasma membrane vesicles by nitrogen cavitation and differential centrifugation. (1980)

Neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and oxygen-dependent microbicidal activity are initiated by interactions of stimuli with the plasma membrane. However, difficulties in neutrophil plasma membrane isolation have precluded studies on the precise structure or function of this cellular component. In this paper, a method is described for the isolation of representative human neutrophil plasma membrane vesicles, using nitrogen cavitation for cell disruption and a combination of differential centrifugation and equilibrium ultracentrifugation in Dextran gradients for membrane fractionation. Multiple biochemical markers and galactose oxidase-tritiated sodium borohydride surface labeling were employed to follow the yield, purity, and distribution of plasma membranes, nuclei, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and cytosol. According to these markers, neutrophil plasma membranes were exposed to minimal lysosomal hydrolytic enzymes and could be isolated free of other subcellular organelles. In contrast, disruption of neutrophils by mechanical homogenization resulted in > 20% lysosomal rupture and significant plasma membrane proteolysis. Electron microscopy demonstrated that plasma membranes isolated after nitrogen cavitation appeared to be sealed vesicles with striking homogeneity.
Luminescence technology in preservation and transplantation for rat islet (2011)

The development of organ preservation solutions and associated technology has been a major effort in tissue transplantation recently. However, this research takes a great deal of time and resources. In this study, a novel method for the evaluation of preservation solutions was established by using islet cells. Primary islets were obtained by hand-picking method from the luciferase transgenic (Luc-Tg) rat pancreas. The viability rate and living condition of islets preserved with several solutions were evaluated by relative photon intensity. Preserved islets were transplanted to the renal capsule of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic NOD-scid mouse, and the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and histology were analyzed. The Luc-Tg rat islet viability was increased in a relative photon intensity-dependent manner. In the recipients of ET-Kyoto (ET-K) or University of Wisconsin (UW) solution preserved Luc-Tg rat islet at 1 day, hyperglycemia induced by glucose injection declined to the normal range. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the ET-K preservation method allowed tissue ATP synthesis and amelioration of cold ischemic tissues damage during extended 24 h isolated-islet preservation. This simple method will be adapted easily to the clinical setting and used to maximize the utilization of islet transplantation as well as for pancreas sharing with remote centers.
Generic sentences with indefinite and bare subjects in Brazilian Portuguese (2003)

This paper addresses the semantics of two types of generic sentences in Brazilian Portuguese (BPg): generic sentences with Indefinite Subjects (IS); and generic sentences with Bare Numberless (BN) subjects. The two types of sentences are both instances of generic quantification. Nonetheless, they differ in their semantics: IS sentences are more normative, whereas BN sentences are more descriptive. I show that Greenberg’s 2002 approach for IS and Bare Plural English generic sentences holds for IS and BN generic sentences in BPg, and that the differences between the two sentences should be attributed to the fact that they express different kinds of modalities. The paper claims that the ability to induce different modalities is related to the different denotations of their subject nominals. IS subjects have atomic denotations and generalizations based on atoms are much more restricted than generalizations based on the number-neutral denotations of BN subjects.
Effect of Dietary Stearic Acid on Plasma Cholesterol and Lipoprotein Levels (1988)

We studied the metabolic effects of stearic acid (18:0) on plasma lipoprotein levels in 11 subjects during three dietary periods of three weeks each. The three liquid-formula diets, which were used in random order, were high in palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid, and oleic acid (18:1), respectively. Caloric intakes were the same during the three periods. As compared with the values observed when the subjects were on the high-palmitic-acid diet, plasma total cholesterol decreased by an average of 14 percent during consumption of the high-stearic-acid diet (P less than 0.005) and by 10 percent during consumption of the high-oleic-acid diet (P less than 0.02). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels fell by 21 percent in subjects on the high-stearic-acid diet (P less than 0.005) and by 15 percent in subjects on the high-oleic-acid diet (P less than 0.005). No significant differences were observed in the plasma levels of triglycerides or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol among the three diets. Measurements of the intestinal absorption of palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids revealed essentially complete absorption of each during the three dietary periods. The oleic acid content of plasma triglycerides and cholesteryl esters increased significantly during the high-stearic-acid period, suggesting that stearic acid is rapidly converted to oleic acid. We conclude that stearic acid appears to be as effective as oleic acid in lowering plasma cholesterol levels when either replaces palmitic acid in the diet.
Development of Toyota in-vehicle equipments for the VICS demonstration test (2002)

This paper presents Toyota's new design concept, features, and evaluation results of 3-types in-vehicle equipment which were developed for the VICS demonstration test (1993): Type 1 is a navigation system with dynamic route guidance; Type 2 is a pictorial map display system; and Type 3 is a text display system. We introduce some examples of these displays and describe their detailed features. The Type 1 system has been developed on the basis of our current navigation system with additions of FM-multiplex, microwave-beacon and infrared-beacon receivers. Drivers can get in advance not only the traffic information such as congestion, accidents and so on, but also an optimum route on the full color map display with voice guidance. The Type 2 system can display a simple deformed pictorial map instead of a digital map; it features voice recognition operation and synthesized voice announcement of text data. The Type 3 system has been developed as a part of the audio system; it features a 30-character display and synthesized voice announcement of text data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Characterization of ameboid microglia isolated from developing mammalian brain (1986)

Ameboid microglia are isolated from the cerebral tissue of neonatal rat by selective cell adhesion to plastic. Histochemical markers show that the microglial preparations are homogeneous (95 +/- 3%) and represent a 10% yield from starting cultures. Isolated ameboid microglia contain nonspecific esterase activity, the macrophage surface antigens MAC-1 and MAC-3, and acetylated low-density lipoprotein receptors. Ameboid cells have functional properties similar to those of macrophages, including the ability to engulf 5 micron latex beads, to secrete Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and to release superoxide anion. Unlike monocytes and adherent spleen cells, ameboid microglia do not show peroxidase activity by histochemical stain. Unlike resident peritoneal macrophages, ameboid microglia proliferate in vitro. Scanning electron microscopy shows that ameboid cells have short, spinous processes that can be distinguished from the ruffled surfaces of body macrophages. Our observations suggest that ameboid microglia are a distinct class of mononuclear phagocytic cells. Retinoic acid and dimethyl sulfoxide, agents known to accelerate differentiation in vitro, stimulate ameboid cells to develop thin processes several hundred microns in length. These "process-bearing" microglia eventually lose the capacity to engulf latex beads and to proliferate. They also show reductions in nonspecific esterase activity and in the binding of acetylated low-density lipoprotein. We suggest that in vitro ameboid microglia differentiate into nonphagocytic cells similar to ramified microglia found in normal adult brain. The isolation techniques described here provide the opportunity to study the composition and function of different microglial subpopulations during the development of the CNS.
Mapping the major human T helper epitopes of tetanus toxin. The emerging picture. (1993)

Progress on the mapping of Th epitopes of tetanus toxin (tt) has been slow due to reliance on studies of clones. In this paper, human Th cell epitopes of tt were mapped using proliferation tests on PBMC in response to synthetic peptides. PBMC from nine donors were tested over the entire set of tt homologous overlapping dodecapeptides. The 1304 peptides were initially tested as 66 pools, each containing an average of 20 peptides. PBMC from individual donors responded to as few as 1 and as many as 17 of the 66 peptide pools. The sequences responsible for proliferation were identified for the two most frequently recognized pools, and for another two pools within a major immunodominant region. Three new epitope sequences were mapped in detail and based on their recognition by most individuals are likely to be promiscuous. A cocktail of peptides including the newly identified Th cell epitopes was able to induce proliferation in PBMC from 24 of 31 tetanus toxoid (TT)-responsive donors. This cocktail is a chemically defined reagent that can be used to quantitate in vitro Ag-specific Th cells in PBMC from most subjects, and may thus be useful for serial measurements of specific immunity such as in subjects undergoing immunotherapy or immunosuppressive treatment.
65.1: Invited Paper : Image/Video Compression — A Display Centric Viewpoint (2008)

Abstract Image and video compression schemes have generally been developed from a storage or transmission viewpoint. When a display subsystem is incorporated into the overall framework, the compression scheme needs to be adapted further. This paper addresses some of the display related aspects that can be included in the compression framework.
Nucleotide sequences of dnaE, the gene for the polymerase subunit of DNA polymerase III in Salmonella typhimurium, and a variant that facilitates growth in the absence of another polymerase subunit (1989)

The dnaE gene of Salmonella typhimurium, like that of Escherichia coli, encodes the alpha subunit containing the polymerase activity of the principal replicative enzyme, DNA polymerase III. This gene, or one nearby, has been identified as the locus of suppressor mutations that promote growth by cells deleted for dnaQ, the gene for the editing subunit of this enzyme complex. Using a combination of nucleotide sequencing and marker rescue experiments, the alteration in one such suppressor was identified as a valine-to-glycine substitution at amino acid 832 of the 1,160-amino-acid alpha polypeptide. The alpha polypeptides of E. coli and S. typhimurium are identical in size and in 97% of their amino acid residues. Their identity includes the valine residue that was changed in the suppressor allele of S. typhimurium. We also localized a temperature-sensitive dnaE mutation to the 3' half of dnaE.
Genetic polymorphisms detectable in human urine: their application to forensic individualization. (1997)

This review describes several types of genetic polymorphism, which have recently been identified in human urine in our laboratory, and have also been found in other human body fluids such as blood, saliva and semen. These include uropepsinogen, ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I), deoxyribonuclease II (DNase II), 43-kDa glycoprotein, alpha-L-fucosidase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein, transferrin and vitamin D-binding protein. Several substances can be detected more easily in urine than in plasma. The concentrations of uropepsinogen, DNase I and DNase II in blood plasma are too low for analysis, whereas those in urine are high enough for easy typing. In practice, DNase I-polymorphism is one of the most useful genetic markers for practical purposes, because of its higher content in various body fluids including urine, a well-balanced gene frequency, and its easy and accurate detectability. Furthermore, several genetic markers previously identified in blood and/or other forensic samples can be phenotyped reproducibly and easily from the corresponding urine samples. Thus, urine, in addition to the convenience and non-invasive nature of its collection, is by no means inferior to blood as a sample source for typing in the field of forensic science. Biochemical and serological typing of genetic polymorphisms present in human urine could offer useful information to practising forensic biologists for forensic individualization of urine samples.
An input-training neural network based nonlinear principal component analysis approach for fault diagnosis (2003)

In this paper some existing problems in the linear principal component analysis methodology are discussed first. A nonlinear principal component analysis methodology based upon input-training neural network is presented for process fault diagnosis. The learning algorithm of input-training neural network is modified to improve its learning speed and avoid oscillation during learning. Then, input-training neural network and BP neural network are used to estimate the nonlinear principal component scores. Fault detection and diagnosis is performed by means of statistical methods like Hotelling's T/sup 2/ and Q. Finally, the simulation research to continuous stirred tank reactor is performed to show its advantages in extracting the nonlinear features compared with the linear principal component analysis methodology.
Polymeric Nanogels Produced via Inverse Microemulsion Polymerization as Potential Gene and Antisense Delivery Agents (2002)

Polymeric nanogel vectors were developed for cellular gene and antisense delivery. Inverse microemulsion polymerization was utilized to synthesize biocompatible nanogels with controlled size, morphology, and composition. The chemical composition, size, polydispersity, stability, and swelling behavior of the nanogels were investigated by NMR, light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The cell viability, uptake, and physical stability of nanogel-DNA complexes were evaluated under physiological conditions. Monodisperse nonionic and cationic nanogels were produced with controllable sizes ranging from 40 to 200 nm in diameter. The nanogels demonstrated extended stability in aqueous media and exhibited low toxicity in cell culture. Cationic nanogels formed monodisperse complexes with oligonucleotides and showed enhanced oligonucleotide uptake in cell culture. The nanogels synthesized in this study demonstrate potential utility as carriers of oligonucleotides and DNA for antisense and gene delivery.
Effect design. Part 1: Reverberator and other filters (1997)

The paper is a tutorial intended to serve as a reference in the field of digital audio effects in the electronic music industry for those who are new to this specialization of digital signal processing. The effects presented are those that are demanded most often, hence they will serve as a good toolbox. The algorithms chosen are of such a fundamental nature that they will find application ubiquitously and often.
Engineered topographic determinants with alpha beta, beta alpha beta, and beta alpha beta alpha topologies show high affinity binding to native protein antigen (lactate dehydrogenase-C4). (1993)

The use of peptides has attracted much interest in the development of synthetic vaccines. Although our current understanding of peptide antigens as immunogens has been greatly advanced recently, there still remain many obstacles. The B cell response elicited by a peptide antigen is governed by a number of poorly understood events such as epitope structure, T cell dependency and major histocompatibility complex restriction, adjuvancy, route of immunization, and immunogen stability. In this paper, we extend our previous studies on the problem of the topographical nature of antigenic sites on native protein antigens, in terms of how much molecular mimicry must be maintained in an antigenic determinant for the induction of high affinity antibodies specific for native protein. We show here that an antigenic epitope from the model contraceptive vaccine candidate lactate dehydrogenase (LDH-C4) can be rationally engineered into a highly structured conformation that mimics the corresponding site in the native three-dimensional protein. Our strategy is based on the selection of an antigenic segment which exhibits certain secondary structural properties and by design principles is fixed in three dimensions by appropriate grafting onto a supersecondary structural motif such as alpha beta, beta alpha beta, or beta alpha beta alpha. The biophysical data are consistent with the proposed secondary structures, and antibodies raised to the various construct show high affinity for the native protein. These studies lend further credence to the conformational nature of peptide epitopes and provide a basis for the rational design of peptide vaccines.
Cytosolic PLA2 genes possibly contribute to the etiology of schizophrenia (2005)

The present study detected three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), BanISNP at the PLA2G4A locus, rs1648833 at the PLA2G4B locus, and rs1549637 at the PLA2G4C locus, to investigate a genetic association between the cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) genes and schizophrenia. A total of 240 Chinese parent–offspring trios of Han descent were recruited for the genetic analysis. The transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) showed allelic association for rs1549637 (χ2 = 5.68, uncorrected P = 0.017), but not for BanISNP and rs1648833. The conditioning on genotype (COG) test revealed a disease association for the BanISNP–rs1648833 combination (χ2 = 12.54, df = 3, P = 0.0057) and for the BanISNP–rs1549637 combination (χ2 = 9.72, df = 2, P = 0.021), but the conditioning on allele (COA) test did not show such an association for the above two combinations. Neither the COA test nor the COG showed a disease association for the rs1648833–rs1549637 combination. In the combination of all three SNPs, the COG test, but not the COA test, showed a strong association (χ2 = 22.93, df = 6, P = 0.0008). These findings suggest that these three cPLA2 genes may all be involved in contributing to the etiology of schizophrenia although their effect size appears to be relatively small. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Structure and growth of thin films (1982)

The field of thin films continues to be a dynamic, rapidly changing area of research. It involves the formation of solid materials on an atom -by-atom basis. The complexities of the interaction processes involved in film formation are enormous, but the potential for constructing new and more useful materials is just as great. The purpose in this article is to provide an up-to-date review of the most fundamental aspects of this field. No attempt is made to present a comprehensive review of the many varied and interesting types of films and their applications. Rather the discussion is limited to films formed by vacuum evaporation and the fundamental processes involved in film growth. A discussion of why particular growth modes occur is followed by a review of the most common methods used in their detection. The basic theory and experimental observations of the three main modes of growth, Volmer-Weber, Frank and Van der Merwe, and Stranski-Krastanov, are then discussed. Epitaxial growth is considered in the context of each particular growth mode. Th,e article concludes with some selected examples of epitaxial polycrystalline growth.
Expedient Total Syntheses of WIN 64745 and WIN 64821 (2008)

Bispyrrolidinoindoline diketopiperazine alkaloids were synthesized from a common intermediate in seven steps from commercially available amino acids. This versatile synthetic strategy has led to the accomplishment of the first total synthesis of heterodimeric WIN 64745 and a novel approach to homodimeric WIN 64821.