gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New faster Kernighan-Lin-type graph-partitioning algorithms (1993)

In this paper we present a very efficient graph partitioning scheme QuickCut that uses the basic strategy of the Kernighan-Lin (K-L) algorithm to swap pairs of nodes to improve an existing partition of a graph G. The main feature of QuickCut is a neighborhood strategy that is based on the result (obtained in this paper) that it is not necessary to search more than a certain subset of d/sup 2/ node pairs to find the node pair with the maximum swap gain. Here d is the maximum node degree of G. We also use an improved data structure, viz., balanced trees, to store the nodes in the two partitions. Due to the new search strategy and data structure, QuickCut has a worst-case time complexity of /spl Theta/(max(ed, e log n)), and an average-case complexity of /spl Theta/(e log n), where e is the number of edges of G. The K-L algorithm, on the other hand, has a time complexity of /spl Theta/(n/sup 2/ log n), where n is the number of nodes of G. Another contribution of this paper is the presentation of efficient node-pair scanning methods for obtaining the best node pair to swap in the K-L algorithm. We have implemented QuickCut, K-L, and its various enhancements suggested here. The results obtained from using these different algorithms to partition a number of random and other well-defined graphs show that QuickCut is the fastest, and that it is faster than the K-L algorithm by factors of 5 to 50. Thus QuickCut can serve as the basis for very fast VLSI partitioning and layout tools.
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein‐1 Plays a Dominant Role in the Chronic Inflammation Observed in Alzheimer's Disease (2008)

Chronic neuroinflammation correlates with cognitive decline and brain atrophy in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and cytokines and chemokines mediate the inflammatory response. However, quantitation of cytokines and chemokines in AD brain tissue has only been carried out for a small number of mediators with variable results. We simultaneously quantified 17 cytokines and chemokines in brain tissue extracts from controls (n = 10) and from patients with and without genetic forms of AD (n = 12). Group comparisons accounting for multiple testing revealed that monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were consistently upregulated in AD brain tissue. Immunohistochemistry for MCP-1, IL-6 and IL-8 confirmed this increase and determined localization of these factors in neurons (MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8), astrocytes (MCP-1, IL-6) and plaque pathology (MCP-1, IL-8). Logistic linear regression modeling determined that MCP-1 was the most reliable predictor of disease. Our data support previous work on significant increases in IL-6 and IL-8 in AD but indicate that MCP-1 may play a more dominant role in chronic inflammation in AD.
An Interleukin-4-Induced Transcription Factor: IL-4 Stat (1994)

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is an immunomodulatory cytokine secreted by activated T lymphocytes, basophils, and mast cells. It plays an important role in modulating the balance of T helper (Th) cell subsets, favoring expansion of the Th2 lineage relative to Th1. Imbalance of these T lymphocyte subsets has been implicated in immunological diseases including allergy, inflammation, and autoimmune disease. IL-4 may mediate its biological effects, at least in part, by activating a tyrosine-phosphorylated DNA binding protein. This protein has now been purified and its encoding gene cloned. Examination of the primary amino acid sequence of this protein indicates that it is a member of the signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stat) family of DNA binding proteins, hereby designated IL-4 Stat. Study of the inhibitory activities of phosphotyrosine-containing peptides derived from the intracellular domain of the IL-4 receptor provided evidence for direct coupling of receptor and transcription factor during the IL-4 Stat activation cycle. Such observations indicate that IL-4 Stat has the same functional domain for both receptor coupling and dimerization.
The adsorption and diffusion of electrolytic hydrogen in palladium (1962)

Abstract A sensitive electrochemical technique, which permits the recording of the instantaneous rate of permeation of electrolytic hydrogen through palladium, is described. Results were obtained under conditions required by theory for the diffusion of hydrogen with the use of electronic potentiostats. Analysis of the results shows the validity of the equations previously deduced for the diffusion of hydrogen. No anomalies in the diffusion have been found under these conditions. Thus the diffusion constant is found to be independent of thickness in the range 0·0035 to 0·054 cm. The permeation has been found to be inversely proportional to thickness as required by theory. The diffusion constant for a hydrogen poor α-palladium has been found to be 1·30 ± 0·20 x 10-7 cm2 s-1 at room temperature. Reasons for permeation anomalies reported in the literature for diffusion of hydrogen from the gas phase are discussed. Attention is drawn to errors in the classical time lag determination which unless corrected, can give rise to spurious thickness and temperature dependence of the diffusion constant.
Analysis of the p53 Tumor Suppressor Gene by Pyrosequencing (2000)

Tumor suppressor genes are implicated in cell cycle progression. Inactivation of these genes predominantly occurs through mutations and/or allelic loss that involves both alleles. With inactivation by multiple mutations in a single gene, cloning of the amplified gene is necessary to determine whether the mutations reside on one or both alleles. Using pyrosequencing, a recently developed approach based on sequencing-by-synthesis, we studied genetic variability in the p53 tumor suppressor gene and could quantify the ratio between the mutated and wild-type amplified fragments. Furthermore, this sequencing technique also allows allelic determination of adjacent mutations with no cloning of amplified fragments.
Immunological and Biological Activity of HCG Following Progressive Desialylation (1971)

The effects of progressive removal of sialic acid (desialylation) on the immunological and biological activity of HCG, as measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA), ovarian ascorbic acid depletion assay (OAAD) and ventral prostate weight assay (VPW), have been evaluated. Two highly purified HCG preparations with potencies of about 12,000 IU/mg (bioassay, 2nd Int. Std. HCG) and about 5000 IU/mg (immunoassay, 2nd Int. Std. HCG), were used in these studies. Progressive desialylation was achieved by treating the HCG with varying amounts of Clostridium perfringens neuraminidase. Desialylation did not affect immunological activity. Progressive desialylation up to 25 % reduced biological activity by approximately 75% as measured by OAAD and VPW. Desialylation from 25 to 62% reduced biological activity further, the reduction being much more pronounced when measured by VPW than by OAAD, resulting in a considerable increase in the index of discrimination OAAD /VPW. Desialylation from 62 to 100% did not affect biological activity further, giving preparations with a low but significant biological potency with an index of discrimination OAAD /VPW of around 50. (Endocrinology88: 456, 1971)
A New Generation of Specific Trypanosoma cruzi trans‐Sialidase Inhibitors (2008)

A substitution for inhibition: The incorporation of an aryl substituent at C9 of 3-fluorosialyl fluorides provides specificity and dramatically slows the reactivation of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored surface protein Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase (TcTS) by transglycosylation (see picture). X-ray crystallographic analysis of the trapped intermediate has provided a structural rationale for this behavior.
Striational Antibodies in Myasthenia Gravis (2005)

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease caused, in most cases, by antibodies attaching to the acetylcholine receptor. Some myasthenia gravis patients have antibodies that bind in a cross-striational pattern to skeletal and heart muscle tissue sections (striational antibodies). These antibodies react with epitopes on the muscle proteins titin and ryanodine receptor, are found mainly in sera of patients with thymoma and late-onset myasthenia gravis, and may correlate with myasthenia gravis severity. Their presence may predict an unsatisfactory outcome after thymectomy. The detection of titin and ryanodine receptor antibodies provides more specific clinical information than the immunofluorescent demonstration of striational antibodies.
Location of the Bombyx mori specificity domain on a Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin protein. (1989)

Bacillus thuringiensis produces different types of insecticidal crystal proteins (ICPs) or delta-endotoxins. In an effort to identify the insect specificity of ICP toxins, two icp genes were cloned into the Escherichia coli expression vector pKK223-3, and bioassays were performed with purified crystals. The type A protein [from an icpA1, or 4.5-kilobase (kb) gene, from B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-1] was found to be 400 times more active against Bombyx mori than type C protein (from an icpC73, or 6.6-kb gene, from B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-244). The type C protein was 9 times more active against Trichoplusia ni than the type A protein, while both have similar activity against Manduca sexta. To locate the specificity domain of the type A protein for B. mori, site-directed mutagenesis was used to introduce or remove restriction enzyme sites, facilitating the exchange of regions of the two genes. The hybrid genes were overexpressed, and purified ICP was used in bioassays. The B. mori specificity domain for the ICP A toxin is located in the amino-terminal portion of the hypervariable region between amino acids 332 and 450.
Mitochondrial Markers for Cancer: Relevance to Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis and General Understanding of Malignant Disease Mechanisms (2012)

Cancer cells display changes that aid them to escape from cell death, sustain their proliferative powers, and shift their metabolism toward glycolytic energy production. Mitochondria are key organelles in many metabolic and biosynthetic pathways, and the adaptation of mitochondrial function has been recognized as crucial to the changes that occur in cancer cells. This paper zooms in on the pathologic evaluation of mitochondrial markers for diagnosing and staging of human cancer and determining the patients’ prognoses.
Experimental performance investigation and case study of combined desalination and power generation (2015)

This paper presents experimental performance data of a total flow combined desalination and power generation system. A twophase flow simple reaction turbine has been used in this system which operates on the trilateral flash cycle. Hot saline water is used as the working fluid. The hot water supply temperature is varied from 80ºC to 95ºC, while the condenser is maintained at about 35ºC to 45ºC. This paper examines the concept of using the trilateral flash cycle for combined desalination and power generation from saline water in the salt affected areas using geothermal energy. The basic working principle of the combined desalination and power generation system is presented followed by discussions of the governing equations and the thermodynamics of the proposed system. Experimental setup and the test results are briefly explained to give an idea of the performance of the proposed system in a laboratory scale. Later it is shown how a combined desalination and power generation system can be coupled with conventional solar water heaters to boost the fluid temperature when the geothermal resource is at low temperature. Following the introduction of this concept the preliminary design is presented for combined desalination and power generation plant that would use saline water from hot water springs in the western coast of India and provide drinking water for a small coastal village with 20 houses (i.e. approximately 80 people with drinking water need of around 3 L/day/person). Most of the hot water springs along the western coast of India have temperature of around 60ºC and hence possibility of boosting the temperature using bio mass or solar thermal energy will also be explored. Attempts are also made to provide some information on the basic economics of such a system.
Two Distinct Intracytoplasmic Regions of the T-cell Adhesion Molecule CD28 Participate in Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Association (1996)

Through the interaction with its ligands, CD80/B7-1 and CD86/B7-2 or B70, the human CD28 molecule plays a major functional role as a costimulator of T cells along with the CD3-TcR complex. We and others have previously reported that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inducibly associates with CD28. This association is mediated by the SH2 domains of the p85 adaptor subunit interacting with a cytoplasmic YMNM consensus motif present in CD28 at position 173-176. Disruption of this binding site by site-directed mutagenesis abolishes CD28-induced activation events in a murine T-cell hybridoma transfected with human CD28 gene. Here we show that the last 10 residues of the intracytoplasmic domain of CD28 (residues 193-202) are required for its costimulatory function. These residues are involved in interleukin-2 secretion, p85 binding, and CD28-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity. In contrast, the CD28/CD8O interaction is unaffected by this deletion, as is the induction of other second messengers such as the rise in intracellular calcium and tyrosine phosphorylation of CD28-specific substrates. Furthermore, we also demonstrate that, within these residues, the tyrosine at position 200 is involved in p85 binding, probably together with the short proline-rich motif present between residues 190 and 194 (PYAPP).
Enzymatic properties of isozymes and variants of glucose dehydrogenase from Bacillus megaterium (1989)

Three glucose dehydrogenases (GlcDH) from Bacillus megaterium, GlcDH-I, GlcDH-II and GlcDH-IWG3, were purified from Escherichia coli cells harboring one of the hybrid plasmids, pGDK1, pGDK2 and pGDA3, respectively, pGDK1 and pGDK2 contain two isozyme genes, gdhI and gdhII, respectively, from B. megaterium IAM 1030 and pGDA3 contains an isozyme gene from B. megaterium IWG3; GlcDH-IWG3 is a variant of GlcDH-I. GlcDH-I and GlcDH-II have similar pH/activity profiles and the profile for GlcDH-IWG3 is identical to that of GlcDH-I. The pH/stability profiles of these enzymes show that GlcDH-IWG3 is the most stable enzyme in the acidic region, while GlcDH-II is the most stable in the alkaline region, and GlcDH-I is the most unstable throughout the entire pH range examined. As for thermostability, GlcDH-II is the most resistant against heat inactivation at pH 6.5. The values of the first-order rate constant for heat inactivation at 50 degrees C are 0.27 min-1, 0.05 min-1 and 0.11 min-1 for GlcDH-I, GlcDH-II and GlcDH-IWG3, respectively. Kinetic studies show that these enzymes have similar kinetic constant values except that there are some differences in Kia for NAD(P) and Ka (the limiting Michaelis constant) for NAD; the values of the ratio of Kia for NAD and NADP are 11,340 and 8.7 for GlcDH-I, GlcDH-II and GlcDH-IWG3, respectively. GlcDH-I and GlcDH-IWG3 have very similar substrate specificities and GlcDH-II has a slightly higher specificity for D-glucose and 2-deoxy-D-glucose than the others. The results are discussed on the basis of the amino acid substitutions between the enzymes.
Phase Separation of Lipid Microdomains Controlled by Polymerized Lipid Bilayer Matrices (2009)

We developed a micropatterned model biological membrane on a solid substrate that can induce phase separation of lipid microdomains in a designed geometry. Micropatterned lipid bilayers were generated by the photolithographic polymerization of a diacetylene phospholipid, 1,2-bis(10,12-tricosadiynoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DiynePC). By changing the UV dose for the photopolymerization, we could modulate the coverage of the surface by the polymeric bilayer domains. After removing nonpolymerized DiynePC, natural phospholipid membranes were incorporated into the micropatterned polymeric bilayer matrix by a self-assembly process (vesicle fusion). As we incorporated a ternary lipid mixture of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), sphingomyelin (SM), and cholesterol (Chol) (1:1:1), liquid ordered domains (Lo: rich in SM and Chol) were accumulated in the polymer free regions, whereas liquid disordered domains (Ld: rich in DOPC) preferentially participated into the partially polymeric bilayer regions. It was postulated that Ld domains preferentially came in contact with the polymeric bilayer boundaries because of their lower elastic moduli and a smaller thickness mismatch at the boundary. The effect of polymeric bilayer matrix to hinder the size growth of Lo domains should also be playing an important role. The controlled phase separation should open new possibilities to locally concentrate membrane proteins and other nanometer-sized materials on the substrate by associating them with the lipid microdomains.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Current Trends (2012)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder in which prevalence has been increasing steadily all over the world. As a result of this trend, it is fast becoming an epidemic in some countries of the world with the number of people affected expected to double in the next decade due to increase in ageing population, thereby adding to the already existing burden for healthcare providers, especially in poorly developed countries. This review is based on a search of Medline, the Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews, and citation lists of relevant publications. Subject heading and key words used include type 2 diabetes mellitus, prevalence, current diagnosis, and current treatment. Only articles in English were included. Screening and diagnosis is still based on World Health Organization (WHO) and American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria which include both clinical and laboratory parameters. No cure has yet been found for the disease; however, treatment modalities include lifestyle modifications, treatment of obesity, oral hypoglycemic agents, and insulin sensitizers like metformin, a biguanide that reduces insulin resistance, is still the recommended first line medication especially for obese patients. Other effective medications include non-sulfonylurea secretagogues, thiazolidinediones, alpha glucosidase inhibitors, and insulin. Recent research into the pathophysiology of type 2 DM has led to the introduction of new medications like glucagon-like peptide 1 analogoues: dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors, inhibitors of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 and 11ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1, insulin-releasing glucokinase activators and pancreatic-G-protein-coupled fatty-acid-receptor agonists, glucagon-receptor antagonists, metabolic inhibitors of hepatic glucose output and quick-release bromocriptine. Inhaled insulin was licensed for use in 2006 but has been withdrawn from the market because of low patronage.
Human CARD4 Protein Is a Novel CED-4/Apaf-1 Cell Death Family Member That Activates NF-κB (1999)

The nematode CED-4 protein and its human homolog Apaf-1 play a central role in apoptosis by functioning as direct activators of death-inducing caspases. A novel human CED-4/Apaf-1 family member called CARD4 was identified that has a domain structure strikingly similar to the cytoplasmic, receptor-like proteins that mediate disease resistance in plants. CARD4 interacted with the serine-threonine kinase RICK and potently induced NF-kappaB activity through TRAF-6 and NIK signaling molecules. In addition, coexpression of CARD4 augmented caspase-9-induced apoptosis. Thus, CARD4 coordinates downstream NF-kappaB and apoptotic signaling pathways and may be a component of the host innate immune response.
Intrinsic conformation of lipid A is responsible for agonistic and antagonistic activity (2000)

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS, endotoxin) represent a major virulence factor of Gram-negative bacteria, which can cause septic shock in mammals, including man. The lipid anchor of LPS to the bacterial outer membrane, lipid A, exhibits a peculiar chemical structure, harbours the 'endotoxic principle' of LPS and is also responsible for the expression of pathophysiological effects. Chemically modified lipid A can be endotoxically inactive, but may express strong antagonistic activity against endotoxically active LPS. By applying orientation measurements with attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy on hydrated lipid A samples, we show here that these different biological activities are directly correlated to the intrinsic conformation of lipid A. Bisphosphoryl-hexaacyl lipid A molecules with an asymmetric (4/2) distribution of the acyl chains linked to the diglucosamine backbone have a large tilt angle (> 45 degrees ) of the diglucosamine backbone with respect to the membrane surface, a conical molecular shape (larger cross-section of the hydrophobic than the hydrophilic moiety), and are endotoxically highly active. Monophosphoryl hexaacyl lipid A has a smaller tilt angle, and the conical shape is less expressed in favour of a more cylindrical shape. This correlates with decreasing endotoxic activity. Penta- and tetraacyl lipid A or hexaacyl lipid A with a symmetric acyl chain distribution (3/3) have a small tilt angle (< 25 degrees ) and a cylindrical shape and are endotoxically inactive, but may be antagonistic.
Depression and anxiety among geriatric patients during hospitalization (2013)

A descriptive study was conducted to assess the level of depression and anxiety among geriatric patients. A total of 30 samples were selected by non probability convenience sampling technique. The tool used to collect the data was Hospital Depression Anxiety Scale. Study results shown that there is a very high prevalence of depression and anxiety among hospitalized geriatric patients. Such high prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in this population needs to be addressed by appropriate mental health interventions.
Silanization of Solid Substrates: A Step Toward Reproducibility (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSilanization of Solid Substrates: A Step Toward ReproducibilityJ. B. Brzoska, I. Ben Azouz, and F. RondelezCite this: Langmuir 1994, 10, 11, 4367–4373Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00023a072https://doi.org/10.1021/la00023a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6344Altmetric-Citations495LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts