gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards utility‐optimal random access without message passing (2009)

Abstract It has been recently suggested by Jiang and Walrand that adaptive carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) can achieve optimal utility without any message passing in wireless networks. In this paper, after a survey of recent work on random access, a generalization of this algorithm is considered. In the continuous‐time model, a proof is presented of the convergence of these adaptive CSMA algorithms to be arbitrarily close to utility optimality, without assuming that the network dynamics converge to an equilibrium in between consecutive CSMA parameter updates. In the more realistic, slotted‐time model, the impact of collisions on the utility achieved is characterized, and the tradeoff between optimality and short‐term fairness is quantified. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Formation of Fructose 2,6‐Bisphosphate from Fructose 1,6‐Bisphosphate by Intramolecular Cyclisation followed by Alkaline Hydrolysis (1981)

The method described by Pontis and Fischer [Pontis, H. G. and Fischer, C. L. (1963) Biochem. J. 89 , 452–459] for the conversion of fructose 1‐phosphate into fructose 2‐phosphate has been applied to fructose 1,6‐bisphosphate. This procedure allowed us to prepare fructose 2,6‐bisphosphate in millimolar amounts. This ester had all the chemical and biological properties previously described for the natural stimulator of phosphofructokinase extracted from rat liver [Van Schaftingen, E., Hue, L., and Hers, H. G. (1980) Biochem. J. 192 , 897–901].
Inhibition of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase-1B with Antisense Oligonucleotides Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Increases Adiponectin Concentrations in Monkeys (2009)

Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-1B antagonizes insulin signaling and is a potential therapeutic target for insulin resistance associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. To date, studies of PTP-1B have been limited by the availability of specific antagonists; however, treatment of rodents with antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) directed against PTP-1B improves insulin sensitivity, inhibits lipogenic gene expression, and reduces triglyceride accumulation in liver and adipose tissue. Here we investigated ASO-mediated PTP-1B inhibition in primates. First, PTP-1B ASO (ISIS 113715) dose-dependently inhibited PTP-1B mRNA and protein expression in cultured monkey hepatocytes. Subcutaneous administration of ISIS 113715 reduced PTP-1B mRNA expression in liver and adipose tissue of normal-weight monkeys by 40-50% and improved insulin sensitivity during an iv glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). In obese, insulin-resistant rhesus monkeys, treatment with 20 mg/kg ISIS 113715 for 4 wk reduced fasting concentrations of insulin and glucose and reduced insulin responses during an IVGTT. In these animals, adiponectin concentrations were also increased by 70%, most of which was an increase of high-molecular-weight oligomers. These effects were not observed in monkeys on a lower, dose-escalation regimen (1-10 mg/kg over 9 wk). Overall, the increase of adiponectin concentrations during ISIS 113715 treatment was correlated with the lowering of insulin responses during IVGTT (r = -0.47, P = 0.042). These results indicate that inhibition of PTP-1B with ASOs such as ISIS 113715 may be a viable approach for the treatment and prevention of obesity-associated insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes because they potently increase adiponectin concentrations in addition to improving insulin sensitivity.
High ε gate dielectrics Gd2O3 and Y2O3 for silicon (2000)

We report on growth and characterization of both epitaxial and amorphous films Gd2O3 of (ε=14) and Y2O3(ε=18) as the gate dielectrics for Si prepared by ultrahigh vacuum vapor deposition. The use of vicinal Si (100) substrates is key to the growth of (110) oriented, single-domain films in the Mn2O3 structure. Typical electrical leakage results are 10−3 A/cm2 at 1 V for single domain epitaxial Gd2O3 and Y2O3 films with an equivalent SiO2 thickness, teq of 15 Å, and 10−6 A/cm2 at 1 V for smooth amorphous Y2O3 films (ε=18) with a teq of only 10 Å. For all the Gd2O3 films, the absence of SiO2 segregation at the interface is established from infrared absorption measurements.
A Double-Blind Randomized Trial of Mood Stabilizer Augmentation Using Lamotrigine and Valproate for Patients With Schizophrenia Who Are Stabilized and Partially Responsive (2009)

Augmenting antipsychotics with the mood stabilizers of lamotrigine or divalproex sodium for most partially responsive patients with chronic schizophrenia did not seem to be a useful treatment strategy for improving the residual symptoms. The small sample size limits firm conclusions.
Ethanol May Suppress Wnt/β-catenin Signaling on Human Bone Marrow Stroma Cells (2008)

Ethanol and glucocorticoids are risk factors associated with osteonecrosis. Previous reports suggest ethanol and glucocorticoids induce adipogenesis, decrease osteogenesis in bone marrow stroma cells, and produce intracellular lipid deposits resulting in death of osteocytes. The Wnt/beta-catenin signal pathway is involved in the regulation of homeostasis of bone and we presume glucocorticoids and ethanol may induce osteonecrosis in humans through a similar mechanism as in rodents. We hypothesized (1) ethanol, like glucocorticoids, decreases osteogenesis and increases adipogenesis through the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in human bone marrow stromal cells; and (2) ethanol decreases intranuclear translocation of beta-catenin. We found both dexamethasone and ethanol decrease the gene and protein expression of osteogenesis and increase that of adipogenesis through Wnt signaling-related genes by semiquantitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Ethanol hampered intranuclear translocation of beta-catenin by immunofluorescence analysis. The data suggest the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway may be associated with ethanol-induced osteonecrosis.
The LightTyper TM : High-Throughput Genotyping Using Fluorescent Melting Curve Analysis (2003)

Instrumentation, chemistry, and software for high-throughput genotyping using fluorescent melting curves are described. The LightTyperTM system provides post-amplification genotyping within 10 min using samples in 96- or 384-well microplate formats. The system is homogenous because all reagents are added at the beginning of the reaction and there is no sample manipulation between amplification and genotyping. High-resolution melting curves are achieved by slow and steady heating. As samples are heated, panels of blue light-emitting diodes excite the probes, and fluorescence emission is acquired with a cooled charge-coupled device camera. A variety of probe chemistries are compatible for genotyping on the LightTyper, including dsDNA dyes, single-labeled probes, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer systems. Genotyping is performed automatically, and each sample is given a score reflecting the similarity of the genotype to the standards provided. Standard genotypes can be selected from within the run or imported from other files. Samples and genotypes can be grouped to allow multiple-allele detection on one or many samples. The utility of the LightTyper is illustrated by genotyping samples for the Factor V Leiden mutation and for mutations in the CFTR gene.
Amelioration of lupus-like autoimmune disease in NZB/WF1 mice after treatment with a blocking monoclonal antibody specific for complement component C5. (1996)

New Zealand black x New Zealand white (NZB/W) F1 mice spontaneously develop an autoimmune syndrome with notable similarities to human systemic lupus erythematosus. Female NZB/WF1 mice produce high titers of antinuclear antibodies and invariably succumb to severe glomerulonephritis by 12 months of age. Although the development of the immune-complex nephritis is accompanied by abundant local and systemic complement activation, the role of proinflammatory complement components in disease progression has not been established. In this study we have examined the contribution of activated terminal complement proteins to the pathogenesis of the lupus-like autoimmune disease. Female NZB/W F1 mice were treated with a monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for the C5 component of complement that blocks the cleavage of C5 and thus prevents the generation of the potent proinflammatory factors C5a and C5b-9. Continuous therapy with anti-C5 mAb for 6 months resulted in significant amelioration of the course of glomerulonephritis and in markedly increased survival. These findings demonstrate an important role for the terminal complement cascade in the progression of renal disease in NZB/W F1 mice, and suggest that mAb-mediated C5 inhibition may be a useful approach to the therapy of immune-complex glomerulonephritis in humans.
Transient expression of photosynthetic genes in transfected albinoid petunia protoplasts and correct processing of newly synthesized chloroplast‐destined polypeptides (1993)

Protoplasts prepared from cultured albinoid cells of petunia do not express photosynthetic genes, such as those coding for chlorophyll a/b ‐binding (Cab) proteins or ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). They therefore provide a convenient system for expressing recombinant photosynthetic genes, without background interference. Transfection of petunia protoplasts with vectors bearing the Lhcbl *1 Cab gene under the control of the 35S promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) resulted in the appearance of significant amounts of the specific transcripts, but not of the corresponding polypeptides, as inferred from northern and western blot analysis, respectively. The use of an expression vector carrying the translational enhancer Ω of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) strongly enhanced the appearance of transfected gene products: western blot analysis of transfected protoplasts clearly revealed the appearance of Lemna gibba Lhcbl*1 and Lhcb2*1, tomato Lhcb2*1 and psaD, and pea rbcS gene products. Molecular weight estimations of the newly synthesized polypeptides indicated that each was promptly processed into its mature‐cleaved form within the transfected albinoid protoplasts. This occurred despite a lack of chlorophyll and the absence of a thylakoid network.
Silicon-on-Insulator Polarization Rotator Based on a Symmetry Breaking Silicon Overlay (2012)

We demonstrate a polarization rotator fabricated using a 4 etch-step complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible process including layer depositions on a silicon-on-insulator wafer. The measured polarization rotation efficiency is over a wavelength range of 80 nm. A robustness investigation shows that the design is compatible with CMOS fabrication capabilities.
Preparation and phosphate ion-exchange properties of a hydrotalcite-like compound (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and phosphate ion-exchange properties of a hydrotalcite-like compoundAkira Ookubo, Kenta Ooi, and Hiromu HayashiCite this: Langmuir 1993, 9, 5, 1418–1422Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00029a042https://doi.org/10.1021/la00029a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1158Altmetric-Citations158LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Racemization of Amino Acid Residues Fused in Thiazoline, Oxazoline, and Imidazoline Rings (1975)

Abstract For the purpose of study on racemization of exo methine carbon atom of thiazoline, oxazoline or imidazoline ring, the following four compounds were synthesized from amino acid imino ether: 2-(1-benzyloxycarbonylaminoethyl)-2-thiazoline (I), methyl 2-(1-benzyloxycarbonylaminoethyl)-2-thiazoline-4-carboxylate (II), methyl 2-(1-benzyloxycarbonylaminoethyl)-2-oxazoline-4-carboxylate (III), and 2-(1-benzyloxycarbonylaminoethyl)-2-imidazoline (IV). A racemization rate of the alanine residue was measured from an optical rotation of 2,4-dinitrophenyl derivative obtained from the acid hydrolyzate and from hydrogen-deuterium exchange reaction at α-carbon atom. All these compounds were found to be racemized very easily particularly in the presence of proton source. From the experimental results, a plausible mechanism for racemization peculiar to such heterocyclic compounds through protonation-deprotonation process was presented.
X-linked retinitis pigmentosa: mutation spectrum of the RPGR and RP2 genes and correlation with visual function. (2000)

Mutations in RPGR and RP2 genes together account for approximately 33% of cases of XLRP in North America. Patients with RPGR mutations have less overall retinal function on average than those with RP2 mutations, on the basis of measurements of visual field areas and full-field ERG amplitudes.
Anti‐human interleukin‐6 receptor antibody inhibits human myeloma growth in vivo (1992)

Myeloma is one of the interleukin (IL)-6-related diseases to which abnormal expression of IL-6 has been reported to be linked. We examined the in vivo inhibitory effect of anti-human IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) antibody on human myeloma cell growth in mice. SCID mice were subcutaneously inoculated with solid tumor of the myeloma cell line S6B45 in which human IL-6 was acting as an autocrine growth factor. Ten intraperitoneal administrations of 100 micrograms of the anti-human IL-6R antibody PM1 at 48-h intervals strongly inhibited the growth of S6B45 cells when the administration started 24 h after tumor inoculation. The tumor growth inhibition in vivo was also observed by administration of the anti-human IL-6 antibody MH166 using the same procedure as for PM1. The inhibitory effect of PM1 was not significant when the administration started 5 or more days after tumor inoculation. This work indicates that anti-human IL-6R antibody, as well as anti-human IL-6 antibody inhibits human myeloma growth in vivo, and provides an animal model for testing the therapeutic value of agents such as antibodies to human IL-6, IL-6R and gp130, an IL-6R-associated signal transducer, in the treatment of human myelomas.
Functional Arteries Grown in Vitro (1999)

A tissue engineering approach was developed to produce arbitrary lengths of vascular graft material from smooth muscle and endothelial cells that were derived from a biopsy of vascular tissue. Bovine vessels cultured under pulsatile conditions had rupture strengths greater than 2000 millimeters of mercury, suture retention strengths of up to 90 grams, and collagen contents of up to 50 percent. Cultured vessels also showed contractile responses to pharmacological agents and contained smooth muscle cells that displayed markers of differentiation such as calponin and myosin heavy chains. Tissue-engineered arteries were implanted in miniature swine, with patency documented up to 24 days by digital angiography.
Elimination of depth degeneracy in optical frequency-domain imaging through polarization-based optical demodulation (2006)

A novel optical frequency-domain imaging system is demonstrated that employs a passive optical demodulation circuit and a chirped digital acquisition clock derived from a voltage-controlled oscillator. The demodulation circuit allows the separation of signals from positive and negative depths to better than 50 dB, thereby eliminating depth degeneracy and doubling the imaging depth range. Our system design is compatible with dual-balanced and polarization-diverse detection, important techniques in the practical biomedical application of optical frequency-domain imaging.
Apolipoprotein distribution in human lipoproteins separated by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. (1988)

The heterogeneity of serum lipoproteins (excluding very low density (VLDL) and intermediate density (IDL) lipoproteins) and that of lipoproteins secreted by HepG2 cells has been studied by immunoblot analysis of the apolipoprotein composition of the particles separated by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis (GGE) under nondenaturing conditions. The reactions of antibodies to apoA-I, apoA-II, apoE, apoB, apoD, and apoA-IV have revealed discrete bands of particles which differ widely in size and apolipoprotein composition. GGE of native serum lipoproteins demonstrated that apoA-II is present in lipoproteins of limited size heterogeneity (apparent molecular mass 345,000 to 305,000) and that apoB is present in low density lipoproteins (LDL) and absent from all smaller or denser lipoproteins. In contrast, serum apoA-I, E, D, and A-IV are present in very heterogeneous particles. Serum apoA-I is present mainly in particles of 305 to 130 kDa where it is associated with apoA-II, and in decreasing order of immunoreactivity in particles of 130-90 kDa, 56 kDa, 815-345 kDa, and finally within the size range of LDL, all regions where there is little detectable apoA-II. Serum apoE is present in three defined fractions, one within the size range of LDL, one containing heterogeneous particles between 640 and 345 kDa, and one defined fraction at 96 kDa. Serum apoD is also present in three defined fractions, one comigrating with LDL, one containing heterogeneous particles between 390 and 150 kDa, and one band on the migration front. Most of serum apoA-IV is contained in a band comigrating with albumin. GGE of centrifugally prepared LDL shows the presence of apoB, apoE, and apoD, but not that of apoA-I. However, the particles containing apoA-I, which, in serum, migrated within the LDL size range and as bands of 815 to 345 kDa, were recovered upon centrifugation in the d greater than 1.21 g/ml fraction. GGE of high density lipoproteins (HDL) indicated that most of apoA-I, A-II, and A-IV were present in lipoproteins of the same apparent molecular mass (390-152 kDa). ApoD tended to be associated with large HDL, and this was also significant for HDL apoE, which is present in lipoproteins ranging from 640 to 275 kDa. GGE of very high density lipoproteins (VHDL) presented some striking features, one of which was the occurrence of apolipoproteins in very discrete bands of different molecular mass. ApoA-II was bimodally distributed at 250-175 kDa and 175-136 kDa, the latter fraction also containing apoA-I.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The Cytochrome P450 Engineering Database: integration of biochemical properties (2009)

Abstract Background Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) form a vast and diverse enzyme class of particular interest in drug development and a high biotechnological potential. Although very diverse in sequence, they share a common structural fold. For the comprehensive and systematic comparison of protein sequences and structures the Cytochrome P450 Engineering Database (CYPED) was established. It was built up based on an extensible data model that enables its functions readily enhanced. Description The new version of the CYPED contains information on sequences and structures of 8613 and 47 proteins, respectively, which strictly follow Nelson's classification rules for homologous families and superfamilies. To gain biochemical information on substrates and inhibitors, the CYPED was linked to the Cytochrome P450 Knowledgebase (CPK). To overcome differences in the data model and inconsistencies in the content of CYPED and CPK, a metric was established based on sequence similarity to link protein sequences as primary keys. In addition, the annotation of structurally and functionally relevant residues was extended by a reliable prediction of conserved secondary structure elements and by information on the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms. Conclusion The online accessible version of the CYPED at http://www.cyped.uni-stuttgart.de provides a valuable tool for the analysis of sequences, structures and their relationships to biochemical properties.
Spectral imaging: Principles and applications (2006)

Spectral imaging is a relatively new technique and its full potential is yet to be exploited. Nevertheless, several applications have already shown its potential.
4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal-mediated Impairment of Intracellular Proteolysis during Oxidative Stress (1999)

Oxidative stress is associated with important pathophysiological events in a variety of diseases. It has been postulated that free radicals and lipid peroxidation products generated during the process may be responsible for these effects because of their ability to damage cellular components such as membranes, proteins, and DNA. In the present study, we provide evidence that oxidative stress causes a transient impairment of intracellular proteolysis via covalent binding of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), a major end product of lipid peroxidation, to proteasomes. A single intraperitoneal treatment with the renal carcinogen, ferric nitrilotriacetate, caused oxidative stress, as monitored by accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, in the kidney of mice. In addition, transient accumulation of HNE-modified proteins in the kidney was also found by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemical analyses. This and the observation that the HNE-modified proteins were significantly ubiquitinated suggested a crucial role of proteasomes in the metabolism of HNE-modified proteins. In vitro incubation of the kidney homogenates with HNE indeed resulted in a transient accumulation of HNE-modified proteins, whereas the proteasome inhibitor significantly suppressed the time-dependent elimination of HNE-modified proteins. We found that, among three proteolytic activities (trypsin, chymotrypsin, and peptidylglutamyl peptide hydrolase activities) of proteasomes, both trypsin and peptidylglutamyl peptide hydrolase activities in the kidney were transiently diminished in accordance with the accumulation of HNE-modified proteins during oxidative stress. The loss of proteasome activities was partially ascribed to the direct attachment of HNE to the protein, based on the detection of HNE-proteasome conjugates by an immunoprecipitation technique. These results suggest that HNE may contribute to the enhanced accumulation of oxidatively modified proteins via an impairment of ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent intracellular proteolysis.