gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perlecan and Basement Membrane-Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan (Bamacan) Are Two Basement Membrane Chondroitin/Dermatan Sulfate Proteoglycans in the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm Tumor Matrix (1996)

The presence of proteoglycans bearing galactosaminoglycan chains has been reported, but none has been identified previously in the matrix of the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm tumor, which is a source of several basement membrane components. This tumor matrix contains perlecan, a large, low buoyant density heparan sulfate proteoglycan, widespread in many basement membranes and connective tissues. We now identify two distinct proteoglycan species from this tumor source, which are substituted with galactosaminoglycans and which show basement membrane localization by immunohistochemistry. One species is perlecan but, in addition to being present as a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, it is also present as a hybrid molecule, with dermatan sulfate chains. A minor population of perlecan apparently lacks heparan sulfate chains totally, and some of this is substituted with chondroitin sulfate. The second species is immunologically related to basement membrane-chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (BM-CSPG) and bears chondroitin sulfate chains. No BM-CSPG was detectable which was substituted with heparan sulfate chains. A combination of immunological and molecular approaches, including cDNA cloning, showed that perlecan and BM-CSPG are distinct in core protein structure. Both are, however, basement membrane components, although there are tissue-specific differences in their distribution.
Convergence of Wnt, ß-Catenin, and Cadherin Pathways (2004)

The specification and proper arrangements of new cell types during tissue differentiation require the coordinated regulation of gene expression and precise interactions between neighboring cells. Of the many growth factors involved in these events, Wnts are particularly interesting regulators, because a key component of their signaling pathway, beta-catenin, also functions as a component of the cadherin complex, which controls cell-cell adhesion and influences cell migration. Here, we assemble evidence of possible interrelations between Wnt and other growth factor signaling, beta-catenin functions, and cadherin-mediated adhesion.
Biological potency evaluation and physicochemical characterization of unfractionated heparins (2009)

Unfractionated heparins are used clinically as anticoagulants. The biological potency of thirteen samples of raw material and pharmaceutical formulations were assessed utilizing the 5th International Standard of heparin using the sheep plasma coagulation inhibition assay, activated partial thromboplastin time, anti-factor Xa assay, and anti-factor IIa assay, resulting in mean potencies of 101.15%, 96.15%, 98.15% and 99.37%, respectively. The samples were also evaluated by the protamine neutralization test giving results within the range of 92 - 138 IU/mg. The anti-factor IIa assay was performed showing reproducibility and significant correlation with the pharmacopoeial assays, thus demonstrating it to be a feasible alternative to the sheep plasma coagulation inhibition assay. Moreover, an analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance and capillary electrophoresis showed some peaks attributable to oversulfated chondroitin sulfate. The results show that batch-to-batch variations and the quality of samples contributed to improvements in the quality control of pharmaceutical products and to assure the safe use and clinical efficacy of this biological medicine.
Measurement of aspartate aminotransferase activity: effects of oxamate. (1979)

Oxamate, a potent inhibitor of lactate dehydrogenase, is shown also to inhibit aspartate aminotransferase activity, both in human serum and in purified isoenzymes of human origin. The inhibition was competitive with respect to 2-oxoglutarate for both isoenzymes. The apparent Ki was 29 mmol/L for the cytoplasmic enzyme and 17 mmol/L for the mitochondrial enzyme. Noncompetitive inhibition was found between oxamate and aspartate. At saturating concentrations of substrate (2-oxoglutarate greater than or equal to 15 mmol/L, L-aspartate greater than or equal 150 mmol/L) oxamate inhibited the mitochondrial enzyme but had less effect on the cytoplasmic isoenzyme. Oxamate at 40 mmol/L inhibited the enzyme in serum by 11 and 9% in assays containing 2-oxoglutarate at 6.7 and 15 mmol/L, respectively. This concentration of oxamate inhibited enzyme activity in serum by 5% more than did the same concentration of Cl- (itself an inhibitor). Oxamate (less than or equal to 30 mmol/L) had no measurable effect on the stability or activity of porcine malate dehydrogenase. Until the effects of its inhibitory properties are considered, addition of oxamate to suppress lactate dehydrogenase-mediated side reactions in the assay of aspartate aminotransferase cannot be recommended.
90nm 4.7ps-Resolution 0.7-LSB Single-Shot Precision and 19pJ-per-Shot Local Passive Interpolation Time-to-Digital Converter with On-Chip Characterization (2008)

Time-to-digital converters (TDC) support the industry wide trend of replacing mixed-signal functionality by digital realizations. High-resolution TDCs become increasingly popular for time-of-flight measurements, full-speed testing, e.g., jitter measurement, clock and data recovery, measurement and instrumentation, and digital PLLs. As the speed leverage of technology scaling decreases below 100nm, robust TDCs with sub-gate-delay resolution are essential. The Vernier TDC requires long delay lines, thus suffers from large latency, area and power consumption. Latency and a resolution limited by the inherent variation-related pulse-width modification are the drawbacks of the pulse-shrinking approach. Parallel gradual-delay elements are particularly susceptible to process variations. The same holds for analog operations on time intervals like delay amplification. Ultra high-resolution TDCs achieve sub-ps resolution but require iterative conversion.
CD13 is dispensable for normal hematopoiesis and myeloid cell functions in the mouse (2010)

The robust and consistent expression of the CD13 cell surface marker on very early as well as differentiated myeloid hematopoietic cells has prompted numerous investigations seeking to define roles for CD13 in myeloid cells. To address the function of myeloid CD13 directly, we created a CD13 null mouse and assessed the responses of purified primary macrophages or DCs from WT and CD13 null animals in cell assays and inflammatory disease models, where CD13 has been implicated previously. We find that mice lacking CD13 develop normally with normal hematopoietic profiles except for an increase in thymic but not peripheral T cell numbers. Moreover, in in vitro assays, CD13 appears to be largely dispensable for the aspects of phagocytosis, proliferation, and antigen presentation that we tested, although we observed a slight decrease in actin-independent erythrocyte uptake. However, in agreement with our published studies, we show that lack of monocytic CD13 completely ablates anti-CD13-dependent monocyte adhesion to WT endothelial cells. In vivo assessment of four inflammatory disease models showed that lack of CD13 has little effect on disease onset or progression. Nominal alterations in gene expression levels between CD13 WT and null macrophages argue against compensatory mechanisms. Therefore, although CD13 is highly expressed on myeloid cells and is a reliable marker of the myeloid lineage of normal and leukemic cells, it is not a critical regulator of hematopoietic development, hemostasis, or myeloid cell function.
Broadband infrared metamaterial absorber with visible transparency using ITO as ground plane (2014)

Metamaterials that have broadband absorption at MIR frequencies, and yet, are transmitive at visible frequencies are fabricated using a semi-conducting Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) film as ground plane. The metamaterial absorber consists of an array of uniform aluminum disks separated by a Zinc Sulphide (ZnS) dielectric spacer layer from the ITO ground plane. The metamaterial was fabricated by a simple, cost-effective vapor deposition through a shadow mask. Compared with the usual metal/dielectric/metal tri-layer absorbers, the metal/dielectric/ITO absorber shows a peak absorbance of 98% and >70% over the mid-infrared regime from 4 to 7 μm. The broadband nature arises due to smaller dispersion in the dielectric permittivity of ITO compared to that of plasmonic metals at mid-infrared frequencies.
Combined Guard Channel and Mobile-Assisted Handoff for Cellular Networks (2008)

For cellular communication systems, mobility and limited radio coverage of a cell require calls to be handed over from one base station system (BSS) to another. Due to the limited bandwidth available in various cells, there is a finite probability that an ongoing call, while being handed off, may get dropped. Minimizing the dropping of ongoing calls during handoff is an important design criterion. Some digital cellular systems, e.g., the global system for mobile communications and the IS-136, use mobile-assisted handoff (MAHO), in which a mobile terminal (MT) assists its BSS, and a mobile switching center in making handoff decisions. MAHO requires an MT to regularly report, back to its serving BSS, its current radio-link state [defined in terms of the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and the bit error rate (BER)] of transmissions received from neighboring BSSs. Some researchers have suggested that a base station needs to give priority to the handoff calls over the new calls. This requires each cell to reserve a number of guard channels (GCs) to be used exclusively for processing of the handoff calls. Since MAHO makes handoff decisions based solely on RSSI/BER measurements, there is a finite probability that some handoff calls may get dropped due to the nonavailability of free channels in the neighboring cell to which the call is being handed off. Conversely, if a handoff decision is based solely on the availability of a free channel, without regard to the signal quality, it may result in some of the handed-off calls being dropped due to poor signal quality. In this paper, we propose a new handoff technique by combining the MAHO and GC techniques. In the proposed technique, the MT reports back not only the RSSI and the BER but the number of free channels that are available for the handoff traffic as well. This will ensure that a handed-off call has acceptable signal quality as well as a free available channel. The performance of this handoff technique is analyzed using an analytical model whose solution gives the desired performance measures in terms of blocking and dropping probabilities.
Real-time B-mode ultrasonography for better specificity in the noninvasive diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis. (1986)

In order to evaluate the usefulness of B-mode ultrasonography in the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis, a prospective study was performed on 145 patients. Each patient was examined with occlusive venous plethysmography, continuous wave Doppler, real-time B-mode ultrasonography, and radiographic contrast phlebography. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity versus phlebography were 91 and 82.1 per cent, respectively, for plethysmography, 92 and 86.6 per cent for Doppler, and 94 and 100 per cent for B-mode sonographic scanning. The combined noninvasive approach reached a 96 per cent sensitivity. B-mode ultrasonography demonstrated a mass in eight cases, and showed a superficial venous thrombosis in four cases, among the 45 patients without deep vein thrombosis. B-mode ultrasonography, therefore, appears to be very useful in obtaining a better specificity and differential diagnosis.
Electronic Effects in the Pt-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Propargylic Esters:  Synthesis of 2,3-Disubstituted Indolizines as a Mechanistic Probe (2007)

The initial 5-exo versus 6-endo cyclization of the acyl group onto the activated alkyne of propargylic esters has been found to be dependent on electronic effects of the acyl, alkyne, and propargylic carbon substituents. These electronic effects control the ratio of 2,3-disubstituted versus 1,3-disubstituted indolizine products formed when substrates bearing pyridines at the alkyne terminus are used.
Optical imaging of metabolic dynamics in animals (2018)

Direct visualization of metabolic dynamics in living animals with high spatial and temporal resolution is essential to understanding many biological processes. Here we introduce a platform that combines deuterium oxide (D<sub>2</sub>O) probing with stimulated Raman scattering (DO-SRS) microscopy to image in situ metabolic activities. Enzymatic incorporation of D<sub>2</sub>O-derived deuterium into macromolecules generates carbon-deuterium (C-D) bonds, which track biosynthesis in tissues and can be imaged by SRS in situ. Within the broad vibrational spectra of C-D bonds, we discover lipid-, protein-, and DNA-specific Raman shifts and develop spectral unmixing methods to obtain C-D signals with macromolecular selectivity. DO-SRS microscopy enables us to probe de novo lipogenesis in animals, image protein biosynthesis without tissue bias, and simultaneously visualize lipid and protein metabolism and reveal their different dynamics. DO-SRS microscopy, being noninvasive, universally applicable, and cost-effective, can be adapted to a broad range of biological systems to study development, tissue homeostasis, aging, and tumor heterogeneity.
Natural Variation in HIV-1 Protease, Gag p7 and p6, and Protease Cleavage Sites within Gag/Pol Polyproteins: Amino Acid Substitutions in the Absence of Protease Inhibitors in Mothers and Children Infected by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (1996)

Reduced sensitivity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) to protease inhibitors is associated with multiple amino acid substitutions in the virus-encoded protease. The combination of changes that contribute to drug resistance is dependent in part upon the amino acid residues comprising protease alleles prior to drug therapy. We analyzed within peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-1-infected mothers and their children viral gag/pol regions, which included p7, transframe p6/p6*, and protease coding sequences, as well as six protease cleavage sites. Sixty protease alleles from 12 individuals differed by at least 3 to as many as 10 amino acids from proteases encoded by molecular clones of HIV-1, indicating that there is no prototype or consensus wild-type HIV-1 protease sequence. Protease variants with a proline at position 63, a substitution associated with resistance to protease inhibitors, appeared in the absence of antiprotease therapy in 7 patients and were transmitted by 2 mothers to their infants. Gag p7 p6 regions were significantly more variable than protease. The p6/p6* region contained length variants and amino acid repeats in both reading frames. Five protease cleavage sites (B, D', D, E, and F) contained highly conserved amino acid sequences in individuals infected by epidemiologically distinct viruses. In contrast, C cleavage sites, localized between Gag p2 and Gag p7, displayed considerable amino acid variability, were unique among groups of infected individuals, and appeared to be related to particular protease alleles. Genetic variability in vivo in protease, in cleavage sites, and in proteins upstream of protease provides the potential to modulate enzyme activity and susceptibility to protease inhibitors.
Increased expression of endothelial lipase in rat models of hypertension (2005)

EL expression is increased in rat models of hypertension. Thus, EL might have a role in the local pathophysiology of vascular diseases.
Structurally Distinct Collagen Types (1980)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Computing Mineral Compositions of Sedimentary Rocks from Chemical Analyses (1962)

Other| June 01, 1962 Computing mineral compositions of sedimentary rocks from chemical analyses A. T. Miesch A. T. Miesch Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information A. T. Miesch Publisher: SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology First Online: 03 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1938-3681 Print ISSN: 1527-1404 GeoRef, Copyright 2008, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data from Bibliography and Index of North American Geology, U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, United States Journal of Sedimentary Research (1962) 32 (2): 217–225. https://doi.org/10.1306/74D70C81-2B21-11D7-8648000102C1865D Article history First Online: 03 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation A. T. Miesch; Computing mineral compositions of sedimentary rocks from chemical analyses. Journal of Sedimentary Research 1962;; 32 (2): 217–225. doi: https://doi.org/10.1306/74D70C81-2B21-11D7-8648000102C1865D Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyJournal of Sedimentary Research Search Advanced Search Abstract Methods are given for computing the gross mineral compositions of sedimentary rocks. The methods are based on the use of simultaneous equations which are written to express the distribution of Al 2 O 3 and K 2 O among various mineral constituents, principally clay and potassium feldspar. This approach has been used in studies of sedimentary rocks and sandstone-type U ores on the Colorado Plateau in which clay and potassium feldspar are the principal aluminous and potassic constituents. The methods may be modified for use in studying sedimentary materials in which other aluminous and potassic constituents are present. If the composition of the clay in the rocks which are being studied is largely unknown, the mineral compositions of the rocks may not be computed precisely. However, if the composition of the clay is known within limits it is possible to compute ranges of concentration for each mineral constituent. The ranges are broad where the rocks contain abundant clay of little-known composition, but are less broad where the rock is clay-poor or where the approximate composition of the clay can be presumed. It is not necessary to consider the complete composition of the clay to compute the gross mineral composition of the rock. The methods may also be used to interpret some chemical characteristics of the clay in the rocks being studied from certain aspects of their known mineral and chemical composition. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
Hepatitis C virus core protein induces hepatic steatosis in transgenic mice. (1997)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic hepatitis worldwide, which finally leads to development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Chronic hepatitis C is characterized by several histological features in the liver which discriminate it from other forms of hepatitis: bile duct damage, lymphoid follicles and steatosis (fatty change). Little is known, however, about the role of HCV or its viral proteins in the pathogenesis of hepatitis. Recently, the core protein of HCV has been suggested to have a transcriptional regulatory function, and thereby to be involved in inducing phenotypic changes in hepatocytes. To clarify whether or not the HCV core protein has an effect on pathological phenotypes in the liver, two independent transgenic mouse lines carrying the HCV core gene were established. These mice developed progressive hepatic steatosis, indicating that the HCV core protein plays a direct role in the development of hepatic steatosis, which characterizes hepatitis C. This transgenic mouse system would be a good animal model for the study of pathogenesis in human HCV infection.
Assessing a Novel Depot Delivery Strategy for Noninvasive Administration of VEGF/PDGF RTK Inhibitors for Ocular Neovascular Disease (2013)

Uveal retention of drugs such as pazopanib can be used to create a sustained-release depot. Topical GW771806 regressed CNV. These data indicate that topical or infrequent oral loading dose treatment with VEGF/PDGF RTKI retained in the choroid/RPE might allow noninvasive treatments for ocular neovascular disease.
“Agroinfection,” an alternative route for viral infection of plants by using the Ti plasmid (1986)

Most plant viruses are transmitted by insect vectors. We present an alternative method for the introduction of infectious viral DNA that uses the ability of Agrobacterium to transfer DNA from bacterial cells to plants. Cauliflower mosaic virus was chosen to develop this method because it is the best characterized plant DNA virus and can be introduced into plants via aphids, virus particles, viral DNA, or suitably treated cloned DNA. We show that systemic infection of turnips results from wounding and inoculation with strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in which more than one genome of cauliflower mosaic virus have been placed tandemly in the T-DNA of the tumor-inducing plasmid. Thus such constructions allow escape of the viral genome from the T-DNA once inside the plants. The combined use of the tumor-inducing plasmid and viral DNA opens the way to molecular biological approaches that are not possible with either system alone.
Structural and chemical evolution of methylammonium lead halide perovskites during thermal processing from solution (2016)

Perovskites are processed from solution; understanding the influence of solution composition on crystallization and degradation is critical to their success.
Marker-less motion capture of skinned models in a four camera set-up using optical flow and silhouettes (2008)

We explore a new approach to marker-less motion tracking of a priori known skinned meshes using both optical flow and silhouette information. We present a formulation which considers in a unified way both these two kinds of information and accounts for the non-rigid deformations of the object skin modeling them using the Skeletal Subspace Deformation (SSD). We then demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique showing its performance in a four camera set-up tracking a subject modeled by a skeleton with 46 degrees of freedom.