gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of phospholipase C-γ1augments the decrease in cardiomyocyte viability by H2O2 (2006)

The present study was conducted to examine the role of a major cardiac phospholipase C (PLC) isozyme, PLC-gamma 1, in cardiomyocytes during oxidative stress. Left ventricular cardiomyocytes were isolated by collagenase digestion from adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g) and treated with 20, 50, and 100 microM H2O2 for 15 min. A concentration-dependent (up to 50 microM) increase in the mRNA level and membrane protein content of PLC-gamma 1 was observed with H2O2 treatment. Furthermore, PLC-gamma 1 was activated in response to H2O2, as revealed by an increase in the phosphorylation of its tyrosine residues. There was a marked increase in the phosphorylation of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 by H2O2; this change was attenuated by a PLC inhibitor, U-73122. Although both protein kinase C (PKC)-delta and -epsilon protein contents were increased in the cardiomyocyte membrane fraction in response to H2O2, PKC-epsilon activation, unlike PKC-delta, was attenuated by U-73122 (2 microM). Inhibition of PKC-epsilon with inhibitory peptide (0.1 microM) prevented Bcl-2 phosphorylation. Moreover, different concentrations (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 microM) of this peptide augmented the decrease in cardiomyocyte viability in response to H2O2. In addition, a decrease in cardiomyocyte viability, as assessed by trypan blue exclusion, due to H2O2 was also seen when cells were pretreated with U-73122 and was as a result of increased apoptosis. It is therefore suggested that PLC-gamma 1 may play a role in cardiomyocyte survival during oxidative stress via PKC-epsilon and phosphorylation of Bcl-2.
Characterization of structural defects in semipolar GaN layers grown on patterned sapphire substrates (2014)

We present the transmission electron microscopy characterization of GaN layers grown by metal–organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) and hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) on patterned sapphire substrates (PSSs). We determined that the predominant I 1 -type basal stacking faults (BSFs) propagated toward the surface without an annihilation reaction, even when the layer thickness was increased by HVPE, whereas some threading dislocations were annihilated through their coalescence. It is revealed that BSFs were generated owing to the growth on the − c plane facet at the initial stage of MOVPE growth. One way to improve the crystalline quality is to use PSSs with wide terraces to expand the defect-free region.
Food glorious food (2007)

I am a fully paid up member of the dietary police. Walter Willet’s excellent book Eat, Drink and be Healthy: The Harvard Medical School Guide to Healthy Eating is my bible. Five (or more) portions of fruit and vegetables a day can maintain and improve your health; it is shocking how many people never eat an apple, let alone broccoli. Stirring stuff, and a call for results-based action; language we hear each day in the NHS. But as with all goals and targets we can sometimes lose sight of the big …
Transfer of plasmid RSF1010 by conjugation from Escherichia coli to Streptomyces lividans and Mycobacterium smegmatis (1991)

The plasmid RSF1010 belongs to a class of plasmids (IncQ) that replicate in a range of bacterial hosts. Although non-self-transmissible, it can be mobilized at high frequency between different gram-negative bacterial species if transfer functions are supplied in trans. We report the transfer of RSF1010 by conjugation from Escherichia coli to the gram-positive actinomycetes Streptomyces lividans and Mycobacterium smegmatis. In its new hosts, the plasmid was stable with respect to structure and inheritance and conferred high-level resistance to streptomycin and sulfonamide. This is the first reported case of conjugative transfer of a naturally occurring plasmid between gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.
Gene transfer and cell transplant: an experimental approach to repair a 'broken heart' (1997)

Time for primary review 22 days.

Despite significant progress in prevention and therapy of ischemic heart disease, treating patients with heart failure after myocardial infarction remains a major therapeutic challenge. Adult cardiomyocytes cannot regenerate after injury. Therefore, cardiomyocyte loss due to myocardial infarction is irreversible. Currently, congestive heart failure is the only major cardiovascular disorder that is increasing in incidence and mortality [1]. Thus, there is still a need to develop alternative therapeutic strategies to prevent, arrest or reverse congestive heart failure after myocardial infarction.

Recent insights into the pathogenesis of myocardial disease and advances in molecular biology have opened up a new era of molecular and cellular therapies that target genes, molecules and peptides. Gene transfer as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure has been suggested as a new treatment strategy for these serious disorders [2, 3]. The introduction, into injured myocardium, of recombinant transgenes that encode growth factors, could stimulate new vessel formation with increased collateral blood flow, accelerate healing and enhance myocardial performance. Today it is even possible to consider genetic manipulation leading to regeneration of myocytes within the infarcted myocardium.

An alternative experimental strategy to increase viability and augment ventricular function after myocardial infarction is cell transplantation [4]. Engrafted fetal cells might increase the number of functional myocytes in the infarcted myocardium, could serve as a potential source of growth factors and could be programmed for myocyte-based gene transfer.

The purpose of our review is to summarize recent advances in the attempts to develop molecular and cellular strategies for repairing a ‘broken heart’. The biological rationale for these new therapies and the potential limitations of gene therapy and cell transplant in treating myocardial infarction are discussed.

Left ventricular remodeling following myocardial infarction refers to the process … 

* Corresponding author. The Heart Institute, Good Samaritan Hospital, 1225 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90017, USA. Tel.: +1 (213) 977 4050; fax: +1 (213) 977 4107.
Single-chain antibodies against DNA aptamers for use as adapter molecules on DNA tile arrays in nanoscale materials organization (2006)

Complex DNA nanostructures have been developed as structural components for the construction of nanoscale objects. Recent advances have enabled self-assembly of organized DNA nanolattices and their use in patterning functional bio-macromolecules and other nanomaterials. Adapter molecules that bind specifically to both DNA lattices and nanomaterials would be useful components in a molecular construction kit for patterned nanodevices. Herein we describe the selection from phage display libraries of single-chain antibodies (scFv) for binding to a specific DNA aptamer and their development as adapter molecules for nanoscale construction. We demonstrate the decoration of various DNA tile structures with aptamers and show binding of the selected single-chain antibody as well as the self-assembly of mixed DNA-protein biomolecular lattices.
Persister cells and tolerance to antimicrobials (2003)

Bacterial populations produce persister cells that neither grow nor die in the presence of microbicidal antibiotics. Persisters are largely responsible for high levels of biofilm tolerance to antimicrobials, but virtually nothing was known about their biology. Tolerance of Escherichia coli to ampicillin and ofloxacin was tested at different growth stages to gain insight into the nature of persisters. The number of persisters did not change in lag or early exponential phase, and increased dramatically in mid-exponential phase. Similar dynamics were observed with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ofloxacin) and Staphylococcus aureus (ciprofloxacin and penicillin). This shows that production of persisters depends on growth stage. Maintaining a culture of E. coli at early exponential phase by reinoculation eliminated persisters. This suggests that persisters are not at a particular stage in the cell cycle, neither are they defective cells nor cells created in response to antibiotics. Our data indicate that persisters are specialized survivor cells.
A Digital Microfluidic Approach to Homogeneous Enzyme Assays (2008)

A digital microfluidic device was applied to a variety of enzymatic analyses. The digital approach to microfluidics manipulates samples and reagents in the form of discrete droplets, as opposed to the streams of fluid used in channel microfluidics. This approach is more easily reconfigured than a channel device, and the flexibility of these devices makes them suitable for a wide variety of applications. Alkaline phosphatase was chosen as a model enzyme and used to convert fluorescein diphosphate into fluorescein. Droplets of alkaline phosphatase and fluorescein diphosphate were merged and mixed on the device, resulting in a 140-nL, stopped-flow reaction chamber in which the fluorescent product was detected by a fluorescence plate reader. Substrate quantitation was achieved with a linear range of 2 orders of magnitude and a detection limit of approximately 7.0 x 10-20 mol. Addition of a small amount of a nonionic surfactant to the reaction buffer was shown to reduce the adsorption of enzyme to the device surface and extend the lifetime of the device without affecting the enzyme activity. Analyses of the enzyme kinetics and the effects of inhibition with inorganic phosphate were performed, and Km and kcat values of 1.35 microM and 120 s-1, respectively, agreed with those obtained in a conventional 384-well plate under the same conditions (1.85 microM and 155 s-1). A phototype device was also developed to perform multiplexed enzyme analyses. It was concluded that the digital microfluidic format is able to perform detailed and reproducible assays of substrate concentrations and enzyme activity in much smaller reaction volumes and with higher sensitivity than conventional methods.
Enhanced light emission from top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes by optimizing surface plasmon polariton losses (2015)

Increasing the external quantum efficiency is currently an important goal in organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) research. Utilizing an altered optical design that involves a low refractive index hole transport layer in a monochrome green top-emitting OLED, the authors have managed to shift the surface plasmon polariton dispersion relation, which in turn decreases the power dissipated into lost evanescent excitations, thus enhancing the external quantum efficiency.
Design of energy-efficient and robust ternary circuits for nanotechnology (2011)

Novel high-performance ternary circuits for nanotechnology are presented here. Each of these carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNFET)-based circuits implements all the possible kinds of ternary logic, including negative, positive and standard ternary logics, in one structure. The proposed designs have good driving capability and large noise margins and are robust. These circuits are designed based on the unique properties of CNFETs, such as the capability of setting the desired threshold voltage by changing the diameters of the nanotubes. This property of CNFETs makes them very suitable for the multiple-Vt design method. The proposed circuits are simulated exhaustively, using Synopsys HSPICE with 32 nm-CNFET technology in various test situations and different supply voltages. Simulation results demonstrate great improvements in terms of speed, power consumption and insusceptibility to process variations with respect to other conventional and state-of-the-art 32 nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor and CNFET-based ternary circuits. For instance at 0.9 V, the proposed ternary logic and arithmetic circuits consume on average 53 and 40% less energy, respectively, compared to the CNFET-based ternary logic and arithmetic circuits, recently proposed in the literature.
Peer Reviewed: Detecting Proteins Separated by 2-D Gel Electrophoresis. (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVFeaturesNEXTPeer Reviewed: Detecting Proteins Separated by 2-D Gel Electrophoresis.A guide to choosing the right stain, dye, and fluorescent or radioactive label.Thierry RabilloudCite this: Anal. Chem. 2000, 72, 1, 48 A–55 APublication Date (Web):January 1, 2000Publication History Published online1 January 2000Published inissue 1 January 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac002709uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ac002709unewsACS Publications. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views3677Altmetric-Citations99LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (6 MB) Get e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis Get e-Alerts
Production of recombinant products in yeasts: a review. (1991)

This paper reviews the use of yeasts to produce heterologous proteins via the development of transformation systems. The ability to genetically engineer yeast cells has many advantages over prokaryotic systems. Yeasts are already well established in fermentation procedures, are able to secrete glycosylated and modified proteins to render the proteins biologically active, and yeasts do not secrete toxic chemicals. With the techniques available it is possible to explore yeasts as hosts for the expression and secretion of commercially-useful proteins.
Digital Genomic Quantification of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (2013)

Infiltrating T lymphocytes are frequently found in malignant tumors and are suggestive of a host cancer immune response. Multiple independent studies have documented that the presence and quantity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are strongly correlated with increased survival. However, because of methodological factors, the exact effect of TILs on prognosis has remained enigmatic, and inclusion of TILs in standard prognostic panels has been limited. For example, some reports enumerate all CD3(+) cells, some count only cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells, and the criteria used to score tumors as TIL-positive or TIL-negative are inconsistent among studies. To address this limitation, we introduce a robust digital DNA-based assay, termed QuanTILfy, to count TILs and assess T cell clonality in tissue samples, including tumors. We demonstrate the clonal specificity of this approach by the diagnosis of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and the accurate, sensitive, and highly reproducible measurement of TILs in primary and metastatic ovarian cancer. Our experiments demonstrate an association between higher TIL counts and improved survival among women with ovarian cancer, and are consistent with previous observations that the immune response against ovarian cancer is a meaningful and independent prognostic factor. Surprisingly, the TIL repertoire is diverse for all tumors in the study with no notable oligoclonal expansions. Furthermore, because variability in the measurement and characterization of TILs has limited their clinical utility as biomarkers, these results highlight the significant translational potential of a robust, standardizable DNA-based assay to assess TILs in a variety of cancer types.
Cancer Screening by Systemic Administration of a Gene Delivery Vector Encoding Tumor-Selective Secretable Biomarker Expression (2011)

Cancer biomarkers facilitate screening and early detection but are known for only a few cancer types. We demonstrated the principle of inducing tumors to secrete a serum biomarker using a systemically administered gene delivery vector that targets tumors for selective expression of an engineered cassette. We exploited tumor-selective replication of a conditionally replicative Herpes simplex virus (HSV) combined with a replication-dependent late viral promoter to achieve tumor-selective biomarker expression as an example gene delivery vector. Virus replication, cytotoxicity and biomarker production were low in quiescent normal human foreskin keratinocytes and high in cancer cells in vitro. Following intravenous injection of virus >90% of tumor-bearing mice exhibited higher levels of biomarker than non-tumor-bearing mice and upon necropsy, we detected virus exclusively in tumors. Our strategy of forcing tumors to secrete a serum biomarker could be useful for cancer screening in high-risk patients, and possibly for monitoring response to therapy. In addition, because oncolytic vectors for tumor specific gene delivery are cytotoxic, they may supplement our screening strategy as a "theragnostic" agent. The cancer screening approach presented in this work introduces a paradigm shift in the utility of gene delivery which we foresee being improved by alternative vectors targeting gene delivery and expression to tumors. Refining this approach will usher a new era for clinical cancer screening that may be implemented in the developed and undeveloped world.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE PRIMARY CELL WALL OF SOFTWOOD FIBRES STUDIED USING DYNAMIC FT-IR SPECTROSCOPY (2008)

The primary cell wall is a complex multipolymer system whose composite structure has been mostly determined from chemical and biochemical studies. Although the primary cell wall serves a central ro ...
Metabolic Complications Associated With Parenteral Nutrition (2002)

Parenteral nutrition is an accepted medical therapy for individuals with gastrointestinal tract dysfunction. It also uses one of the most complex intravenous solutions, which contains all the nutrients needed for a patient's nutritional requirements. Metabolic complications may result from intolerance of glucose, overfeeding, electrolyte shifts, and fluid imbalances. This article describes how to anticipate, identify, and treat such complications so they do not become life threatening.
Electrical characteristics and suppressed boron penetration behavior of thermally stable HfTaO gate dielectrics with polycrystalline-silicon gate (2004)

The thermal stability and electrical characteristics of HfTaO gate dielectric with polycrystalline-silicon gate have been investigated. The incorporation of Ta into HfO2 enhances the crystallization temperature of film dramatically. Transmission electron microscopy micrographs confirm that HfTaO with 43% Ta film remains amorphous even after activation annealing at 950°C for 30s, and the formation of low-κ interfacial layer is observably reduced. The capacitance–voltage curve of metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitor using HfTaO gate dielectric fits well with simulated curve, indicating good interface property between HfTaO and substrate. In addition, the boron penetration behaviors of HfTaO films are sufficiently suppressed as manifested by the narrow flat-band voltage shift. The negligible flat-band voltage shift in HfTaO with 43% Ta film is observed and attributed to its amorphous structure after device fabrication.
Gastrointestinal adverse reactions following anthrax vaccination: an analysis of the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS) database. (2004)

The current anthrax vaccine may be acceptable in military populations in impending threat of anthrax exposure, the cost-benefits of vaccination in less high risk military populations may be more questionable. Civilian anthrax vaccination will require a less reactogenic vaccine. Civilian doctors should be aware of anthrax vaccine adverse reactions. Military and civilian doctors should also be diligent in their reporting to VAERS of cases of adverse reactions to anthrax vaccine.
Gene microarray analysis of the lncRNA expression profile in human urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. (2014)

Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is a complicated disease that involves the regulation of multiple genes and the participation of multiple chromosomes. Some of the differentially expressed lncRNAs that were upregulated, such as AK124776, lincRNA-RAB12-1, KRT8P25, RP11-474J18.4, AC000110.1, KRT8P13, KRT8P10, BC072678, and downregulated, such as nc-HOXB9-206, RP11-160A10.2, nc-HOXA11-86, nc-HOXD10-7, nc-HOXB9-205, CES4, nc-HOXD12-3, systematic research on these lncRNAs will help clarify the mechanisms of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and guide the early diagnosis and treatment of this cancer in the future.
Genetically engineered red cells expressing single domain camelid antibodies confer long-term protection against botulinum neurotoxin (2017)

A short half-life in the circulation limits the application of therapeutics such as single-domain antibodies (VHHs). We utilize red blood cells to prolong the circulatory half-life of VHHs. Here we present VHHs against botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) on the surface of red blood cells by expressing chimeric proteins of VHHs with Glycophorin A or Kell. Mice whose red blood cells carry the chimeric proteins exhibit resistance to 10,000 times the lethal dose (LD<sub>50</sub>) of BoNT/A, and transfusion of these red blood cells into naive mice affords protection for up to 28 days. We further utilize an improved CD34+ culture system to engineer human red blood cells that express these chimeric proteins. Mice transfused with these red blood cells are resistant to highly lethal doses of BoNT/A. We demonstrate that engineered red blood cells expressing VHHs can provide prolonged prophylactic protection against bacterial toxins without inducing inhibitory immune responses and illustrates the potentially broad translatability of our strategy for therapeutic applications.The therapeutic use of single-chain antibodies (VHHs) is limited by their short half-life in the circulation. Here the authors engineer mouse and human red blood cells to express VHHs against botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) on their surface and show that an infusion of these cells into mice confers long lasting protection against a high dose of BoNT/A.
Transcriptional photoregulation of cell-type-preferred expression of maize rbcS-m3: 3' and 5' sequences are involved. (1994)

In the C4 plant maize, members of the rbcS gene family, encoding the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, are not expressed in mesophyll cells (MC) but are expressed strongly in the adjacent bundle sheath cells (BSC). Expression of genes in an in situ transient expression assay indicates that the photostimulated expression seen in BSC during the first 24 h that leaves of dark-grown seedlings are illuminated requires rbcS-m3 sequences lying between -211 bp and +434 bp of the transcription start site. Photoregulated partial suppression of rbcS-m3 expression in MC, on the other hand, requires gene sequences that lie between -907 bp and -445 bp together with sequences that lie between +720 and +957 bp within the 3' transcribed region of the gene. Suppression in MC occurs during the second 24-h period that dark-grown seedlings have been illuminated, but not during the first 24 h. The 3' +720- to +957-bp region is also effective in lowering MC expression when it is relocated to a position > 2 kbp upstream of the transcription start site. Thus, suppression of rbcS-m3 expression in MC has, at the least, a substantial transcriptional component. As reported earlier, a converse pattern of suppression in BSC and stimulation of expression in MC is seen in the control of cab-m1 in maize leaves.