gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Topical application of Acheflan on rat skin injury accelerates wound healing: a histopathological, immunohistochemical and biochemical study (2015)

The phytomedicine Acheflan® (oil of Cordia verbenacea) and TC possess higher therapeutic properties for wound healing compared with TF. These ointments seem to accelerate wound healing, probably due to their involvement with the increase of angiogenesis and dermal remodeling.
Regeneration of the Gastric Mucosa and its Glands from Stem Cells (2008)

Mucous epithelia and their glands represent vital surfaces of the body which are topologically in direct contact and communicate with the environment. These highly specialized epithelia are protected by several lines of defence, such as mucous gels, regeneration and repair mechanisms, and acute inflammatory processes. Pathologically, chronic inflammation is associated with cancer. There are two different regeneration and repair mechanisms of mucous epithelia known which also cover different time scales. First, rapid repair of superficial lesions via cell migration - a process called restitution - starts within minutes. Second, continuous regeneration via differentiation and proliferation of stem and progenitor cells is responsible for self-renewal within days to months. This article reviews molecular mechanisms responsible for the regeneration of various mucous epithelia with a special emphasis on the complex situation in the gastric mucosa and its glands. For example, the two gross types of gastric units, i.e., the fundic and the antral types, respectively, differ largely by their histology, regeneration rates and regeneration profiles. Currently, a rough picture is emerging on the molecular mechanisms behind including the characterization of different somatic stem cell types and stem cell signaling pathways. Furthermore, dysregulated regeneration is well known now as a cause of various metaplasias (reversible remodeling of epithelia) and cancer, with chronic inflammation playing a key role. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of regeneration and their dysregulation is essential for the development of new strategies for cancer prevention and therapy and it will also promote the emerging field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
Trends in Pertussis Among Infants in the United States, 1980-1999 (2003)

The incidence of reported cases of pertussis among infants increased in the 1990s compared with the 1980s. The limited age group affected, the increased rate of bacteriologic confirmation, and the unchanged severity of illness suggest that an increase in infant pertussis has occurred apart from any change in reporting. Strategies are needed to prevent the morbidity and mortality from pertussis among infants too young to be fully vaccinated, according to the current recommended schedules of vaccination in the United States.
Fetal fibronectin as a predictor of term labor: (2000)

Objective. Accurately predicting the onset of delivery continues to be problematic notwithstanding the clinical relevance of this capability, especially with regard to the elective induction of labor. While the assessment of the cervix according to Bishop, to date, constitutes the single generally recognized method, the determination of fetal fibronectin (FFN) cervicovaginal secretions promises greater precision in this context. Design. English‐language medical literature was analyzed using the search parameter ‘fetal fibronectin’, ‘term delivery’, ‘induction of labor’, ‘labor’, and ‘birth’, respectively. All those original reports examining cervicovaginal FFN that were originally published in English and followed a prospective design were subsequently included in the study at hand. These reports were evaluated in regard to their findings on the predictive value of FFN for spontaneous delivery and induction of labor. Results. A total of eight reports were included in the present study: five of these, covering a total of 480 patients, discussed the relationship between FFN and the spontaneous onset of labor; the other three addressed the subject of FFN and the induction of labor (300 patients). All reports clearly related the presence of FFN in cervicovaginal secretions to the imminent onset of delivery; three studies, furthermore, demonstrated a correlation with the spontaneous onset of labor, with a sensitivity greater than 90%. In case of the studies concerning induction of labor, a positive FFN result was accompanied by a significantly shorter interval until delivery than a negative FFN result. Conclusion. Determining the presence of FFN in cervicovaginal secretions promises to provide an indicator relating to the prediction of term labor, as well as to the prediction of successful labor induction.
Outcome Measures for Clinical Drug Trials in Autism (2004)

This paper identifies instruments and measures that may be appropriate for randomized clinical trials in participants with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The Clinical Global Impressions scale was recommended for all randomized clinical trials. At this point, however, there is no "perfect" choice of outcome measure for core features of autism, although we will discuss five measures of potential utility. Several communication instruments are recommended, based in part on suitability across the age range. In trials where the intention is to alter core features of ASDs, adaptive behavior scales are also worthy of consideration. Several "behavior complexes" common to ASDs are identified, and instruments are recommended for assessment of these. Given the prevalence of cognitive impairment in ASDs, it is important to assess any cognitive effects, although cognitive data from ASD randomized clinical trials, thus far, are minimal. Guidance from trials in related pharmacologic areas and behavioral pharmacology may be helpful. We recommend routine elicitation of side effects, height and weight, vital signs, and (in the case of antipsychotics) extrapyramidal side-effects assessment. It is often appropriate to include laboratory tests and assessments for continence and sleep pattern.
Reconstruction of the 204 Mb human DMD-gene bhy homologous YAC recombination (1992)

The human dystrophin gene, mutations of which cause Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy, measures 2.4 Mb. This size seriously limits its cloning as a single DNA fragment and subsequent in-vitro expression studies. We have used stepwise in-vivo recombination between overlapping yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) to reconstruct the dystrophin gene. The recombinant YACs are mitotically stable upon propagation in haploid yeast cells. In contrast, specific combinations of YACs display a remarkable mitotic and meiotic instability in diploid cells. Non-disjunction is rare for overlapping YACs, but increases upon sporulation of diploid cells containing non-overlapping molecules. We have exploited this feature in a three-point recombination to bridge a 280 kb gap between two non-overlapping YACs for which no YAC of proper polarity existed. Our largest recombinant YAC measures 2.3 Mb and contains the entire muscle specific DMD-gene with the exception of a 100 kb region containing the in-frame exon 60. The latter segment has a high tendency to undergo deletions in multi-molecular interactions, probably due to the presence of as yet unidentified instability-enhancing sequences. Fluorescent in situ hybridizations confirmed that the 2.3 Mb DMD YAC contained Xp21-sequences only and indicated a compact tertiary structure of the DMD-gene in interphase lymphocyte nuclei. We conclude that the yeast system is a flexible, efficient and generally applicable tool to reconstruct or build genomic regions from overlapping YAC constituents. Its application to the human dystrophin gene has provided many possibilities for future studies.
Glutamate in plants: metabolism, regulation, and signalling (2007)

Glutamate occupies a central position in amino acid metabolism in plants. The acidic amino acid is formed by the action of glutamate synthase, utilizing glutamine and 2-oxoglutarate. However, glutamate is also the substrate for the synthesis of glutamine from ammonia, catalysed by glutamine synthetase. The alpha-amino group of glutamate may be transferred to other amino acids by the action of a wide range of multispecific aminotransferases. In addition, both the carbon skeleton and alpha-amino group of glutamate form the basis for the synthesis of gamma-aminobutyric acid, arginine, and proline. Finally, glutamate may be deaminated by glutamate dehydrogenase to form ammonia and 2-oxoglutarate. The possibility that the cellular concentrations of glutamate within the plant are homeostatically regulated by the combined action of these pathways is examined. Evidence that the well-known signalling properties of glutamate in animals may also extend to the plant kingdom is reviewed. The existence in plants of glutamate-activated ion channels and their possible relationship to the GLR gene family that is homologous to ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) in animals are discussed. Glutamate signalling is examined from an evolutionary perspective, and the roles it might play in plants, both in endogenous signalling pathways and in determining the capacity of the root to respond to sources of organic N in the soil, are considered.
New Neurons: Extraordinary Evidence or Extraordinary Conclusion? (2000)

Gould et al . ([1][1]) reported that in the adult primate new neurons may be added to some neocortical association areas. This remarkable finding explicitly challenges previous work indicating that the production of new neurons in the primate neocortex is limited to the fetal period ([2][2]), and,
VEGF Protects Brain against Focal Ischemia without Increasing Blood–Brain Permeability When Administered Intracerebroventricularly (2005)

Delayed administration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes functional recovery after focal cerebral ischemia. However, early intravenous injection of VEGF increases blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage, hemorrhagic transformation and infarct volume whereas its application to cortical surface is neuroprotective. We have investigated whether or not early intracerebroventricular administration of VEGF could replicate the neuroprotective effect observed with topical application and the mechanism of action of this protection. Mice were subjected to 90 mins middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion and 24 h of reperfusion. Vascular endothelial growth factor (8 ng, intracerebroventricular) was administered 1 or 3 h after reperfusion. Compared with the vehicle-treated (intracerebroventricular) group, VEGF decreased the infarct volume along with BBB leakage in both treatment groups. Neurologic disability scores improved in parallel to the changes in infarct volume. Independently of the decrease in infarct size, VEGF also reduced the number of TUNEL-positive apoptotic neurons. Phospo-Akt levels were significantly higher in ischemic hemispheres of the VEGF-treated mice. Contrary to intracerebroventricular route, intravenous administration of VEGF (15 microg/kg) enhanced the infarct volume as previously reported for the rat. In conclusion, single intracerebroventricular injection of VEGF protects brain against ischemia without adversely affecting BBB permeability, and has a relatively long therapeutic time window. This early neuroprotective action, observed well before recovery-promoting actions such as angiogenesis, possibly involves activation of the PI-3-Akt pathway.
Regulation of Smad degradation and activity by Smurf2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase (2001)

Smad proteins are key intracellular signaling effectors for the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily of peptide growth factors. Following receptor-induced activation, Smads move into the nucleus to activate transcription of a select set of target genes. The activity of Smad proteins must be tightly regulated to exert the biological effects of different ligands in a timely manner. Here, we report the identification of Smurf2, a new member of the Hect family of E3 ubiquitin ligases. Smurf2 selectively interacts with receptor-regulated Smads and preferentially targets Smad1 for ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation. At higher expression levels, Smurf2 also decreases the protein levels of Smad2, but not Smad3. In Xenopus embryos, ectopic Smurf2 expression specifically inhibits Smad1 responses and thereby affects embryonic patterning by bone morphogenetic protein signals. These findings suggest that Smurf2 may regulate the competence of a cell to respond to transforming growth factor-beta/bone morphogenetic protein signaling through a distinct degradation pathway that is similar to, yet independent of, Smurf1.
Efficient extraction of ontologies from domain specific text corpora (2012)

Extracting ontological relationships (e.g., ISA and HASA) from free-text repositories (e.g., engineering documents and instruction manuals) can improve users' queries, as well as benefit applications built for these domains.
Retinotopic organization of areas 18 and 19 in the cat (1979)

Abstract The location and retinotopic organization of areas 18 and 19 in cat cortex were determined using electrophysiological mapping techniques. These two areas each contain a single representation of the visual hemifield and each has a distinctive cytoarchitecture. The visual hemifield representations in these two areas are nearly mirror images of each other. Compared to area 17, areas 18 and 19 have less cortical surface area, have a lower cortical magnification factor, contain less of the visual field and contain second order instead of first order transformations of the visual hemifield. An unusual asymmetry was found between the representations of the upper and lower visual quadrants not seen before in maps of other areas of cat or other species. A considerable amount of variability in the retinotopic organization of these two areas was found among cats.
Second-order statistics blind MIMO-FIR channel equalization for antenna array-based wireless communications systems (2002)

A theoretic framework on blind MIMO-FlR channel equalization by use of SOS (second-order statistics) is established. First, a sufficient condition is given on the autocorrelations of source signals. Under this condition, it is guaranteed that an MIMO-FIR channel is equalized up to some scalar factors and some delays if, and only if, some SOS of the composite output signals are the same as that of the source signals. Subsequently, the concept of pre-filters are introduced to convert white sources, which do not satisfy this sufficient condition, into color ones that do satisfy it. Based on the sufficient condition and the pre-filters, a set of theorems are developed for blind MIMO-FIR channel equalization, which only use the SOS of the received signals. Finally, a computer simulation is conducted to verify this theory. The theory and methods can be applied to antenna array-based wireless communications systems for high bandwidth efficiency.
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Protocols (2002)

The ability to highly purify and characterize hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) from mice and humans has opened up an exceedingly rich field of basic science research with enormous clinical potential. Ma
Configurable hardware: a new paradigm for computation (1989)

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) manifest great potential for treatment of Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), an aggressive B-cell lymphoma. Epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8 (EPS8) is confirmed overexpressed and associated with poor prognosis in solid tumors and leukemia. However, EPS8 expression and the relationship between EPS8 and HDACi on BL remains obscure. Here, we hypothesized that trichostatin A (TSA), a pan-HDACi, could inhibit BL cells by downregulating EPS8. We demonstrated that TSA reduced cell viability, induced apoptosis and cell arrest at G0/G1. Mechanismly, TSA attenuated EPS8 and downstream Phospho-Erk1/2 pathway. Knockdown of EPS8 resulted in a significant reduction in cellular proliferation and suppressed Phospho-Erk1/2 pathway activity, particularly when combined with TSA. Conversely, overexpression of EPS8 rescued this phenomenon. Then we showed that the combination of TSA and Epirubicin had a more significant effect when compared with TSA or Epirubicin alone. Finally, knockdown of EPS8 and TSA had a synergistic suppression effect on BALB/c nude mice. In conclusion, this study reveals that TSA affects BL cells by suppressing Phospho-Erk1/2 pathway through downregulating EPS8.
Vaccine Adjuvants and Delivery Systems (2006)

Contributors. Preface. Chapter 1. Development of vaccine adjuvants - a historical perspective (Gary Ott and Gary Van Nest). Chapter 2. Antigen-Processing and Presentation (Subash Sad). Chapter 3. Mechanisms of Adjuvant Action (Nils Lycke). Chapter 4. Aluminum-containing Adjuvants: Properties, Formulation and Use (Stanley L. Hem and Harm HogenEsch). Chapter 5. MF59: A Safe and Potent Oil in Water Emulsion Adjuvant (D.T. O'Hagan). Chapter 6. TLR4 agonists as vaccine adjuvants (David A. Johnson and Jory R. Baldridge). Chapter 7. Immunostimulatory CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides as Vaccine Adjuvants (Dennis M. Klinman, Debbie Currie and Hidekazu Shirota). Chapter 8. Small Molecule Immunopotentiators as Vaccine Adjuvants (Fengfeng Xu, Nicholas M. Valiante, and Jeffrey B. Ulmer). Chapter 9. New ISCOMs Meet Unsettled Vaccine Demands (Bror Morein, Kefei Hu, Karin Lovgren, and Erik Dhondt). Chapter 10. Surface Charged Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) Microparticles as Novel Antigen Delivery Systems (Manmohan Singh, James Chesko, Jina Kazzaz and Derek T. O'Hagan). Chapter 11. Liposomal Cytokines and Liposomes Targeted to Costimulatory Molecules as Adjuvants for HIV Subunit Vaccines (Bulent Ozpolat and Lawrence B. Lachman). Chapter 12. Archaeosomes Vaccine Adjuvants for Cross-priming CD8+ T Cell Immunity (Lakshmi Krishnan and G. Dennis Sprott). Chapter 13 Mucosal Adjuvants and Delivery Systems (Michael Vajdy). Chapter 14. Cytokines as Vaccine Adjuvants (Nejat Egilmez). Chapter 15. Polyphosphazenes as vaccine adjuvants (Alexander K. Andrianov). Chapter 16. Vaccine Delivery by Transdermal Electroporation (Amit Misra). Chapter 17. Nonclinical Safety Assessment of Vaccines, and the Evaluation of Novel Adjuvants and Delivery Systems (Jose A. Lebron, Jayanthi J. Wolf, Catherine V. Kaplanski, and Brian J. Ledwith). Chapter 18. Safety Evaluation of Vaccine Adjuvants (Erik B. Lindblad).
Subpopulations of Mouse Blood Monocytes Differ in Maturation Stage and Inflammatory Response (2004)

Blood monocytes are well-characterized precursors for macrophages and dendritic cells. Subsets of human monocytes with differential representation in various disease states are well known. In contrast, mouse monocyte subsets have been characterized minimally. In this study we identify three subpopulations of mouse monocytes that can be distinguished by differential expression of Ly-6C, CD43, CD11c, MBR, and CD62L. The subsets share the characteristics of extensive phagocytosis, similar expression of M-CSF receptor (CD115), and development into macrophages upon M-CSF stimulation. By eliminating blood monocytes with dichloromethylene-bisphosphonate-loaded liposomes and monitoring their repopulation, we showed a developmental relationship between the subsets. Monocytes were maximally depleted 18 h after liposome application and subsequently reappeared in the circulation. These cells were exclusively of the Ly-6C(high) subset, resembling bone marrow monocytes. Serial flow cytometric analyses of newly released Ly-6C(high) monocytes showed that Ly-6C expression on these cells was down-regulated while in circulation. Under inflammatory conditions elicited either by acute infection with Listeria monocytogenes or chronic infection with Leishmania major, there was a significant increase in immature Ly-6C(high) monocytes, resembling the inflammatory left shift of granulocytes. In addition, acute peritoneal inflammation recruited preferentially Ly-6C(med-high) monocytes. Taken together, these data identify distinct subpopulations of mouse blood monocytes that differ in maturation stage and capacity to become recruited to inflammatory sites.
Monoclonal antibodies to the common γ-chain as cytokine receptor antagonists in vivo: effect on intrathymic and intestinal intraepithelial T lymphocyte development (1998)

Mice lacking a functional gamma c subunit of cytokine receptors exhibit profound defects in the development of multiple lymphoid lineages. To investigate the role of gamma c-dependent cytokines in T cell development, the phenotype of developing T cells was compared in interleukin (IL)-7Ralpha-deficient mice and anti-gamma c mAb-treated chimeric mice reconstituted with adult bone marrow cells or subsets of pro-T cells. These studies indicate that gamma c contributes to T cell development at multiple stages of pro-T cell maturation and that IL-7/IL-7R is the primary cytokine for thymic-dependent T cell development. However, our data also implicate other gamma c-dependent cytokines during thymic T cell development. By contrast, substantial intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) development was observed in the intestinal intraepithelium in both types of mice. Analysis of IL-7Ralpha-deficient mice indicates that the IL-7/IL-7R system is critical only for the development of TCR gammadelta+ IEL. However, the inhibitory activity of the anti-deltac mAb in the chimeric mouse model suggests that additional gamma cutilizing cytokines regulate the development of the remaining subsets of IEL.
Renal denervation: Not as easy as it looks (2015)

Renal sympathetic denervation with intravascular radiofrequency catheters in hypertensive patients is less effective than anticipated, owing to radio frequency energy being applied to a part of the renal artery where the nerves are at the greatest distance from the aortic lumen and to distortion of energy distribution and temperature gradients by regional tissue anatomical variations (Tzafriri et al., this issue).
Dynamic management of Internet telephony servers: a case study based on JavaBeans and JDMK (1999)

It is widely recognized that the scalable and efficient management of large, heterogeneous information technology infrastructures requires middleware that allows the extension of managed resources with new functionality at runtime. A recent and promising approach is the Java Dynamic Management Kit (JDMK) that relies on the JavaBeans component technology. Based on our experiences with a prototype implementation that provides an adaptable management instrumentation for an Internet Telephony Server, the paper analyses the suitability of JDMK for building scalable and flexible management systems. The results of our work allow us to evaluate JDMK regarding its suitability for the management of large-scale enterprise networks.
Monoclonal Antibodies for Dengue Virus prM Glycoprotein Protect Mice against Lethal Dengue Infection (1989)

Five murine monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) reactive against the prM glycoproteins of DEN-3 and -4 were used to passively protect mice in vivo against lethal challenge with homologous and heterologous dengue virus serotypes. Four of the 5 prM-reactive monoclonals cross-protected mice against heterologous challenge, whereas 1 protected against challenge with only the homologous serotype. Although in vitro binding to virions was readily demonstrated, only 2 of the prM Mabs had detectable neutralizing activity. The neutralizing activity could not be enhanced by anti-mouse immunoglobulin or complement. However, 4 of the 5 prM Mabs fixed complement. This is the first report of prM-specific Mabs that are protective in mice.