gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Attracts Regulatory T Cells into the Fetal-Maternal Interface during Early Human Pregnancy (2009)

Regulatory T cells (Treg) expand during pregnancy and are present at the fetal-maternal interface at very early stages in pregnancy. The migration mechanisms of Treg to the pregnant uterus are still unclear. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is secreted by the blastocyst immediately after fertilization and has chemoattractant properties. Therefore, we sought to analyze whether hCG secreted by early trophoblasts attracts Treg to the uterus and hence contributes to maternal tolerance toward the fetus. Decidua and placenta tissue samples from patients having spontaneous abortions or ectopic pregnancies were employed to evaluate Treg and hCG levels. Age-matched samples from normal pregnant women served as controls. We further performed in vitro studies with primary first trimester trophoblast cells and a choriocarcinoma cell line (JEG-3) aiming to evaluate the ability of secreted hCG to attract Treg. Patients having miscarriages or ectopic pregnancy presented significantly decreased hCG mRNA and protein levels associated with decreased Foxp3, neuropilin-1, IL-10, and TGF-beta mRNA levels as compared with normal pregnant women. Using migration assays we demonstrated that Treg were attracted by hCG-producing trophoblasts or choriocarcinoma cells. Treg migration toward cells transfected with hCG expression vectors confirmed the chemoattractant ability of hCG. Our data clearly show that hCG produced by trophoblasts attracts Treg to the fetal-maternal interface. High hCG levels at very early pregnancy stages ensure Treg to migrate to the site of contact between paternal Ags and maternal immune cells and to orchestrate immune tolerance toward the fetus.
A Population-Based Assessment of Invasive Disease Due to Group B Streptococcus in Nonpregnant Adults (1993)

Invasive group B streptococcal infection is a major problem not only in pregnant women and neonates but also in nonpregnant adults, especially those who are elderly and those who have chronic diseases.
Nonmalignant late effects after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (2003)

Large numbers of patients now survive long term following stem cell transplantation (SCT). The late clinical effects of SCT are thus of major concern in the 21st century. Secondary malignant diseases are of particular clinical concern as more patients survive the early phase after transplantation
Chirped-pulse amplification of 100-fsec pulses (1989)

Chirped-pulse amplification is used to generate 2-mJ pulses of 106-fsec duration in an alexandrite amplifier. Compression of the optical pulse is achieved by using a sequence of intracavity prisms in conjunction with diffraction gratings. This allows for the compensation of both linear and quadratic contributions to the dispersion from the amplifier.
Paraquat tolerance of transgenic Nicotiana tabacum with enhanced activities of glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase. (1995)

Transgenic tobacco with enhanced cytosolic activities of glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase were generated by cross-fertilization. Leaves of the hybrids exhibited further increased tolerance to a O2-.-generating herbicide paraquat than those of their parents. This result indicates the efficiency of manipulating more than one gene in improving resistance of plants to photooxidative stress.
A stereospecific total synthesis of (.+-.)-biotin (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA stereospecific total synthesis of (.+-.)-biotinMichael Marx, Franz Marti, Josef Reisdorff, Rudolf Sandmeier, and Stephen ClarkCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 20, 6754–6756Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00462a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00462a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views333Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lipid droplets: a classic organelle with new outfits (2008)

Lipid droplets are depots of neutral lipids that exist virtually in any kind of cell. Recent studies have revealed that the lipid droplet is not a mere lipid blob, but a major contributor not only to lipid homeostasis but also to diverse cellular functions. Because of the unique structure as well as the functional importance in relation to obesity, steatosis, and other prevailing diseases, the lipid droplet is now reborn as a brand new organelle, attracting interests from researchers of many disciplines.
Action mechanism of a novel herbicide, fenoxasulfone (2011)

The action mechanism of fenoxasulfone was studied by examining the inhibitory effects of this herbicide on the biosynthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). Fenoxasulfone treatment decreased VLCFAs, such as C20:0, C20:1, C22:0, C24:0, C24:1 and C26:0 fatty acids, in barnyard millet cultured cells, and increased long-chain-fatty acids and medium-chain-fatty acids, such as C18:0 and C15:0, which are precursors of VLCFAs. Fenoxasulfone potently inhibited activities of VLCFA elongase (VLCFAE) in the microsomal fraction of etiolated barnyard millet seedlings, which catalyzed the elongation steps from C22:0 to C24:0 and C24:0 to C26:0, respectively. These results strongly suggested that fenoxasulfone is a potent inhibitor of plant VLCFAEs and should be categorized within the K3 group of the Herbicide Resistance Action Committee. VLCFAE activity of recombinant Fatty Acid Elongation 1 (FAE1) of Arabidopsis that catalyzes the elongation step from C18:1 to C20:1, was inhibited by fenoxasulfone in a time-dependent manner, which has been shown in the inhibition of VLCFAEs by other well-known VLCFAE-inhibiting herbicides. On the other hand, VLCFAE activity of the microsomal fraction of etiolated barnyard millet seedlings, which catalyzes the elongation step from C24:0 to C26:0, was inhibited by fenoxasulfone in a time-independent manner. This time-independent inhibition raised a new inhibition mechanism of VLCFAE by fenoxasulfone likely with pyroxasulfone, which is classified in the same chemical class as fenoxasulfone.
[An analysis on thickness effect of lithium fluoride detector in proton measurement]. (2000)

Thin detectors should be used in low energy proton measurements to avoid thickness effect of the detector.
One-Dimensionally Periodic Dielectric Reflectors from Self-Assembled Block Copolymer−Homopolymer Blends (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorOne-Dimensionally Periodic Dielectric Reflectors from Self-Assembled Block Copolymer−Homopolymer BlendsAugustine Urbas, Yoel Fink, and Edwin L. ThomasView Author Information Department of Materials Science and Engineering, M.I.T., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Cite this: Macromolecules 1999, 32, 14, 4748–4750Publication Date (Web):June 19, 1999Publication History Received2 March 1999Revised27 April 1999Published online19 June 1999Published inissue 1 July 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma9903207https://doi.org/10.1021/ma9903207rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1324Altmetric-Citations124LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Copolymers,Light,Photonics,Quantum mechanics,Thickness Get e-Alerts
Induction and differentiation of the zebrafish heart requires fibroblast growth factor 8 (fgf8/acerebellar) (2000)

Vertebrate heart development is initiated from bilateral lateral plate mesoderm that expresses the Nkx2.5 and GATA4 transcription factors, but the extracellular signals specifying heart precursor gene expression are not known. We describe here that the secreted signaling factor Fgf8 is expressed in and required for development of the zebrafish heart precursors, particularly during initiation of cardiac gene expression. fgf8 is mutated in acerebellar (ace) mutants, and homozygous mutant embryos do not establish normal circulation, although vessel formation is only mildly affected. In contrast, heart development, in particular of the ventricle, is severely abnormal in acerebellar mutants. Several findings argue that Fgf8 has a direct function in development of cardiac precursor cells: fgf8 is expressed in cardiac precursors and later in the heart ventricle. Fgf8 is required for the earliest stages of nkx2.5 and gata4, but not gata6, expression in cardiac precursors. Cardiac gene expression is restored in acerebellar mutant embryos by injecting fgf8 RNA, or by implanting a Fgf8-coated bead into the heart primordium. Pharmacological inhibition of Fgf signalling during formation of the heart primordium phenocopies the acerebellar heart phenotype, confirming that Fgf signaling is required independently of earlier functions during gastrulation. These findings show that fgf8/acerebellar is required for induction and patterning of myocardial precursors.
Intraoperative facial nerve monitoring. (1985)

Intraoperative evoked electromyography is an effective tool for use in locating the position of a normal facial nerve or the site of a nerve conduction block in acute facial paralysis. The technique of intraoperative evoked electromyography is described. Intraoperative stimulation of the facial nerve is a more accurate method of identifying a nerve conduction block than the site-of-lesion Schirmer's test.
Autoimmunity to two forms of glutamate decarboxylase in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (1992)

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is thought to result from the autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas. Years before IDDM symptoms appear, we can detect autoantibodies to one or both forms of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65 and GAD67), synthesized from their respective cDNAs in a bacterial expression system. Individual IDDM sera show distinctive profiles of epitope recognition, suggesting different humoral immune responses. Although the level of GAD autoantibodies generally decline after IDDM onset, patients with IDDM-associated neuropathies have high levels of antibodies to GAD, years after the appearance of clinical IDDM. We note a striking sequence similarity between the two GADs and Coxsackievirus, a virus that has been associated with IDDM both in humans and in experimental animals. This similarity suggests that molecular mimicry may play a role in the pathogenesis of IDDM.
Subcutaneous administration of biotherapeutics: current experience in animal models. (2010)

In recent years, many peptide- and protein-based biotherapeutics have been approved for subcutaneous (SC) delivery. The mechanisms and factors affecting the uptake and distribution of such large molecules following SC administration are not well understood. This review outlines the factors influencing uptake, transport, distribution and species differences following the SC administration of biotherapeutics; improved understanding of these factors will facilitate the appropriate selection of animal models and improve predictivity for the bioavailability of drugs in humans. Morphological differences between species, such as the presence or absence of the panniculus carnosus muscle, may have significant effects on SC delivery. Following SC administration, small molecules, peptides and small proteins (< or = 16 kDa) primarily diffuse through the blood vessel walls directly into capillaries, whereas large molecules are taken up into the more porous lymphatics. Critical parameters that may impact the availability in blood of compounds administered SC, other than molecular weight, include host-related factors, such as animal motility, age and gender, structural and functional characteristics of the SC interstitium and the lymphatics, and extrinsic factors, such as anesthesia, injection technique, potential precipitation or degradation at the injection site, and the use of SC delivery technology. A review of regulatory approval information for SC administered biotherapeutics is provided for comparison. Careful control of parameters during SC administration will reduce inter-individual and inter-species variability.
Multi-Interval Discretization of Continuous-Valued Attributes for Classification Learning (1993)

Since most real-world applications of classification learning involve continuous-valued attributes, properly addressing the discretization process is an important problem. This paper addresses the use of the entropy minimization heuristic for discretizing the range of a continuous-valued attribute into multiple intervals.
Les archives de la composante d'archéologie orientale de l'UMR 7044 (2015)

L’UMR 7044 (ARCHIMEDE) regroupe une forte concentration d’archéologues, de philologues et d’historiens des mondes anciens dont la spécialité porte sur l’Europe moyenne et centrale, ainsi que sur la Méditerranée et ses voisins orientaux (Rome, Grèce, Byzance, Anatolie, Mésopotamie, Syro-Palestine, Égypte).
Bactericidal Efficacy of Nitric Oxide-Releasing Silica Nanoparticles (2008)

The utility of nitric oxide (NO)-releasing silica nanoparticles as novel antibacterial agents is demonstrated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nitric oxide-releasing nanoparticles were prepared via co-condensation of tetraalkoxysilane with aminoalkoxysilane modified with diazeniumdiolate NO donors, allowing for the storage of large NO payloads. Comparison of the bactericidal efficacy of the NO-releasing nanoparticles to 1-[2-(carboxylato)pyrrolidin-1-yl]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (PROLI/NO), a small molecule NO donor, demonstrated enhanced bactericidal efficacy of nanoparticle-derived NO and reduced cytotoxicity to healthy cells (mammalian fibroblasts). Confocal microscopy revealed that fluorescently labeled NO-releasing nanoparticles associated with the bacterial cells, providing rationale for the enhanced bactericidal efficacy of the nanoparticles. Intracellular NO concentrations were measurable when the NO was delivered from nanoparticles as opposed to PROLI/NO. Collectively, these results demonstrate the advantage of delivering NO via nanoparticles for antimicrobial applications.
Regulation of the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 Promoter and Intron I Enhancer by Sp1 Family Transcription Factors (1998)

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) has a complex spatial and temporal pattern of expression and is essential for the normal development of a diverse set of tissues. Recently, mutations have been identified in FGFR3 that result in constitutive tyrosine kinase activity and cause a number of different human skeletal disorders. To examine the regulatory mechanisms governing FGFR3 expression, the promoter for the FGFR3 gene was identified and characterized. It resides in a CpG island, which encompasses the 5' end of the FGFR3 gene and lacks classical cis-regulatory motifs. As little as 100 base pairs of sequence 5' to the initiation site can confer a 20-40-fold increase in transcriptional activity upon a promoter-less vector. The transcriptional activity of these cis-regulatory sequences is further stimulated by elements found within the first intron. Mapping of the enhancer activity found within intron I identified two purine-rich sequence motifs between +340 and +395. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that sequences within this region bind members of the Sp1 family of transcription factors. In a background lacking Sp1-like activity, we demonstrate that Sp1 can enhance transcription of the minimal promoter (which contains five classical Sp1 sites), whereas both Sp1 and Sp3 can enhance transcription through the elements found in intron I. Although these transcription factors are ubiquitously expressed, we demonstrate that the sequences between -220 and +609 of the FGFR3 gene are sufficient to promote the tissue-specific expression of a reporter gene in transgenic mice.
Ultrashort TE chemical shift imaging (UTE‐CSI) (2005)

A fundamental modification to the conventional chemical shift imaging (CSI) method is described that improves the imaging of species with short T2's (i.e., less than approximately 2 ms). This approach minimizes the delay before each k-space point is collected. This results in different time delays, T(d), for different free induction decay (FID) acquisitions in k-space. On a clinical 1.5 T system this yields an effective delay due to transmit/receive switching of 70 micros and an echo time (TE) from the center of the excitation pulse to the center of k-space of 170 micros, as compared with 1-2 ms for conventional CSI techniques. Using this method, the signal decay before acquisition is greatly reduced, thus enabling imaging of species with very short T2)(e.g., 200 micros) and increasing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of species with intermediate T2. Increases in the SNR of the short T2 components of 23Na in the heart, and 31P acquisitions of bone are about 27% and 400%, respectively, compared to an optimized conventional CSI approach. The imperfections of this approach are also described, and the magnitude of the resultant image artifacts is quantified for different practical imaging situations. These artifacts were not found to be significant in the described applications. This new method allows us to obtain information on short T2 components without degrading the image quality from long T2 components.
Advances in the Treatment of Chronic Granulomatous Disease by Gene Therapy (2007)

Gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells has been successfully used to correct immunodeficiencies affecting the lymphoid compartment. However, similar results have not been reported for diseases affecting myeloid cells, mainly due to low engraftment levels of gene-modified cells observed in unconditioned patients. Here we review the developments leading to a gene therapy approach for the treatment of Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD), a primary life threatening immunodeficiency caused by a defect in the oxidative antimicrobial activity of phagocytes. Although the disease can be cured by bone marrow transplantation, this treatment is only available to patients with HLA-identical sibling or matched unrelated donors. One therapeutic option for patients without suitable donor is the genetic modification of autologous hematopoietic stem cells. Although early attempts to correct CGD by gene therapy were unsuccessful, these studies demonstrated the safety and limitations of gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) of CGD patients using retroviral vectors. The recent development of advanced gene transduction protocols together with improved retroviral vectors, combined with low intensity chemotherapy conditioning, allowed partial correction of the granulocytic function with a significant clinical benefit in treated patients. These results may have important implications for future applications of gene therapy in myeloid disorders and inherited diseases using hematopoietic stem cells.
In-polar InN grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (2006)

We study the effect of different deposition conditions on the properties of In-polar InN grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. GaN buffer layers grown in the Ga-droplet regime prior to the InN deposition significantly improved the surface morphology of InN films grown with excess In flux. Using this approach, In-polar InN films have been realized with room temperature electron mobilities as high as 2250cm2∕Vs. We correlate electron concentrations in our InN films with the unintentionally incorporated impurities, oxygen and hydrogen. A surface electron accumulation layer of 5.11×1013cm−2 is measured for In-polar InN. Analysis of optical absorption data provides a band gap energy of ∼0.65eV for the thickest InN films.
Oligodendrocytes use lactate as a source of energy and as a precursor of lipids (2001)

Lactate is an important metabolic substrate for the brain during the postnatal period and also plays a crucial role in the traffic of metabolites between astrocytes and neurons. However, to date there are no clues with regard to lactate utilization by oligodendrocytes, the myelin-forming cells in the brain. In the present work, lactate utilization by oligodendrocytes in culture was investigated and compared with its utilization by cultured neurons, type 1 and type 2 astrocytes. Our results clearly indicate that oligodendrocytes readily use lactate both as a metabolic fuel and as a precursor to build carbon skeletons. Oligodendrocytes oxidize lactate at a higher rate than that observed for neurons and astrocytes, and their rate of lipid synthesis from lactate was at least 6-fold higher than that found in astrocytes or neurons. The rate of glucose utilization through different pathways was also investigated. The flux of glucose through the pentose phosphate pathway and the rate of lipid synthesis were at least 2-fold higher in oligodendrocytes than in astrocytes or neurons. These findings indicate that oligodendrocyte metabolism is designed specifically for the synthesis of lipids, presumably those of myelin.
Polycystic disease of kidney and liver presenting in childhood. (1971)

In congenital cystic malformations of the kidney, as in other groups of disorders, the accuracy of genetic counselling depends upon exact diagnosis. This requires the breakdown of the main heterogeneous group into specific entities, each of which is homogeneous from the genetic viewpoint and therefore carries a predictable recurrence risk within the family. It is particularly important to recog- nize the group of 'wholly genetically determined' conditions, those due to chromosomal and single gene mutations, since these may be associated with high risks for sibs or children of index patients.