gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autoimmune anti-androgen-receptor antibodies in human serum. (1985)

Circulating autoantibodies to human and rat androgen receptors are present at high titers in the blood sera of some patients with prostate diseases. The antibodies from some serum samples were associated with a purified IgG fraction and interacted with the 3.8S cytosolic androgen-receptor complexes of rat ventral prostate to form 9- to 12S units. Other serum samples, however, formed 14- to 19S units, suggesting that other immunoglobulins might be involved. In the presence of an anti-human immunoglobulin as a second antibody, the androgen-receptor-antibody complexes could be immunoprecipitated. The antibodies interacted with the nuclear and the cytosolic androgen-receptor complexes, either the DNA-binding or the nonbinding form, but not with receptors for estradiol, progestin, or dexamethasone from a variety of sources. Human testosterone/estradiol-binding globulin, rat epididymal androgen-binding protein, or rat prostate alpha-protein (a nonreceptor steroid-binding protein) also did not interact with the antibodies to form immunoprecipitates. About 37% of male and 3% of female serum samples screened had significant antibody titer. The chance of finding serum with a high titer is much better in males older than 66 years than in the younger males or females at all ages. The presence of the high-titer antibodies may make it possible to prepare monoclonal antibodies to androgen receptors without purification of the receptors for immunization.
Rapidly Progressive Pulmonary Fibrosis in a Patient Treated with Danazol for Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (2004)

The case of a patient that developed pulmonary fibrosis two months after initiation of danazol for treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is described. Bilateral pneumothoraxes and pneumomediastinum complicated the rapidly fatal pulmonary fibrosis. An association between danazol therapy and the development of pulmonary fibrosis is suspected. There is only one other case report with this connection in the literature.
Antimicrobial 3-methylene flavanones (1981)

The antimicrobial activity previously attributed to flavanone Mannich bases was found to be due to their breakdown products, 3-methyleneflavanones. Among the latter compounds, highest potency was observed when the flavanone phenyl ring contained bromine or chlorine substituents. 3-Methylene-2-phenylflavanone (8) was synthesized and shown to be equal to hexachlorophene in tests against representative Gram-positive microorganisms.
Exogenous matrix precursors promote functional nerve regeneration across a 15‐mm gap within a silicone chamber in the rat (1987)

Abstract When silicone regeneration chambers are implanted empty, axonal regeneration fails if the interstump gap length is greater than 10 mm. Previous experiments using the 10‐mm gap model demonstrated that regeneration success correlated with the dimension and/or consistency of the naturally formed acellular fibrin matrix. Both spatial and temporal parameters of regeneration could be stimulated through modifications of the fibrin matrix by prefilling the chambers at the time of implantation either with phosphate‐buffered saline or plasma dialyzed against phosphate‐buffered saline. In the present experiments, similar modification of matrix formation was found to promote successful regeneration across 15‐mm and 20‐mm interstump gap lengths. In addition, prefilling 15‐mm‐gap chambers with dialyzed plasma resulted in a 3.5‐fold increase in the incidence of functional restitution detected at 8 weeks after implantation over the outcome with chambers prefilled with phosphate‐buffered saline.
Characterization of cis-acting elements regulating transcription of the human DF3 breast carcinoma-associated antigen (MUC1) gene. (1993)

The present studies have examined the sequences responsible for regulating transcription of the human DF3 breast carcinoma-associated antigen (MUC1) gene. A region 1656 base pairs upstream to the DF3 transcription initiation site was fused to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene. Transient expression assays using a series of deleted constructs demonstrated that the region from position -618 contains the regulatory sequences necessary for DF3 transcription in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Further analysis with internal deletion vectors and heterologous promoter constructs indicated the involvement of cis-acting elements in the fragment extending from positions -598 to -485. By gel retardation and DNA footprinting, we have identified a protein in MCF-7 cells that recognizes sequences between positions -505 and -485. The results of Southwestern studies demonstrate that this protein has an apparent molecular mass of 45 kDa. Taken together, these results suggest that DF3 gene transcription is regulated by a previously undescribed transacting factor.
A graph-based algorithm for multi-target tracking with occlusion (2013)

Multi-target tracking plays a key role in many computer vision applications including robotics, human-computer interaction, event recognition, etc., and has received increasing attention in past several years. Starting with an object detector is one of many approaches used by existing multi-target tracking methods to create initial short tracks called tracklets. These tracklets are then gradually grouped into longer final tracks in a heirarchical framework. Although object detectors have greatly improved in recent years, these detectors are far from perfect and can fail to detect the object of interest or identify a false positive as the desired object. Due to the presence of false positives or mis-detections from the object detector, these tracking methods can suffer from track fragmentations and identity switches. To address this problem, we formulate multi-target tracking as a min-cost flow graph problem which we call the average shortest path. This average shortest path is designed to be less biased towards the track length. In our average shortest path framework, object misdetection is treated as an occlusion and is represented by the edges between track-let nodes across non consecutive frames. We evaluate our method on the publicly available ETH dataset. Camera motion and long occlusions in a busy street scene make ETH a challenging dataset. We achieve competitive results with lower identity switches on this dataset as compared to the state of the art methods.
The effect of crystallization conditions on radiation-induced cross-link formation in polyethylene (1964)

Abstract The early preliminary conclusions concerning the differences in the radiation-induced gelation behaviour between bulk and single crystals and the effect of lamellar packing in various single crystal preparations of polyethylene have been substantiated by an extensive systematic examination. Smaller but analogous differences in behaviour were also found between specimens melt crystallized under different conditions. The effect of primary crystallization conditions, and that of annealing on gelation, as well as of existing cross-links on subsequent annealing were also examined. The solubility measurements were supplemented by measurements of intrinsic viscosity, of the amount of hydrogen evolved and to a greater extent by electron spin resonance examination of radical concentrations and decay rates. It emerged that the folds are preferred sites of reaction, cross-linking occurring either between the folds belonging to different lamellae or within the folds in the same lamellae dependent on the quality of interlamellar contact. Attention is drawn to the fact that radiation-induced gelation could potentially be used for characterizing molecular coordination in polymers.
The effect of different glucose endovenous administrations on amylin and insulin blood concentration in healthy subjects. (1996)

Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) or amylin is a 37 amino-acid peptide involved in carbohydrate metabolism. It is a hormone secreted from the pancreatic cells which is reported to be co-secreted with insulin. Its function and secretion is not well known. A paracrine inhibition of insulin secretion could be the main function of this hormone. Different hypotheses are considered regarding IAPP co-localization with insulin in the secretory granules and its subsequent secretion. In the attempt to clarify these controversial findings we evaluated the plasma concentrations of IAPP and insulin during different intravenous glucose administrations in healthy patients. Twenty normoglycemic patients (10 females, 10 males, age +/- SD 37 +/- 9 years) underwent two different endovenous glucose administrations: a) "long duration" infusion, in which 500 ml of 33% glucose solution was administered in 60 minutes, b) a standard intra-venous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) characterized by an infusion of 0.33 g/Kg of glucose in 4 minutes. Blood samples were collected at fixed times (from 0 to 180 minutes) to assay IAPP, insulin and glucose concentration. The IAPP secretion seemed to be related more to the glycemic variation than to the insulin secretion. A proportional behavior of IAPP and insulin was observed only in the first 90 minutes of the long duration infusion. The highest increases of IAPP concentrations were found when there was a rapid glucose decrease in the blood. These findings suggest a significant role of IAPP in regulating the rapid decreases of glycemia.
Proposal for an optomechanical traveling wave phonon–photon translator (2011)

In this paper, we describe a general optomechanical system for converting photons to phonons in an efficient and reversible manner. We analyze classically and quantum mechanically the conversion process and proceed to a more concrete description of a phonon–photon translator (PPT) formed from coupled photonic and phononic crystal planar circuits. The application of the PPT to RF-microwave photonics and circuit QED, including proposals utilizing this system for optical wavelength conversion, long-lived quantum memory and state transfer from optical to superconducting qubits, is considered.
Molecular chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer using novel mutant bacterial cytosine deaminase gene (2008)

The combination of molecular chemotherapy with radiation therapy has the potential to become a powerful approach for treatment of pancreatic cancer. We have developed an adenoviral vector (AdbCD-D314A) encoding a mutant bacterial cytosine deaminase (bCD) gene, which converts the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) into the active drug 5-fluorouracil. The aim of this study was to investigate AdbCD-D314A/5-FC-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro and therapeutic efficacy in vivo alone and in combination with radiation against human pancreatic cancer cells and xenografts. AdbCD-D314A/5-FC-mediated cytotoxicity alone and in combination with radiation was analyzed using crystal violet inclusion and clonogenic survival assays. CD enzyme activity was determined by measuring conversion of [3H]5-FC to [3H]5-fluorouracil after adenoviral infection of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and pancreatic tumor xenografts by TLC. S.c. pancreatic tumor xenografts were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of AdbCD-D314A/5-FC molecular chemotherapy in combination with radiation therapy. AdbCD-D314A infection resulted in increased 5-FC-mediated pancreatic cancer cell killing that correlated with significantly enhanced CD enzyme activity compared with AdbCDwt encoding wild-type of bCD. Animal studies showed significant inhibition of growth of human pancreatic tumors treated with AdbCD-D314A/5-FC in comparison with AdbCDwt/5-FC. Also, a significantly greater inhibition of growth of Panc2.03 and MIA PaCA-2 tumor xenografts was produced by the combination of AdbCD-D314A/5-FC with radiation compared with either agent alone. The results indicate that the combination of AdbCD-D314A/5-FC molecular chemotherapy with radiation therapy significantly enhanced cytotoxicity of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and increased therapeutic efficacy against human pancreatic tumor xenografts.
Cellulose biosynthesis and function in bacteria (1991)

The current model of cellulose biogenesis in plants, as well as bacteria, holds that the membranous cellulose synthase complex polymerizes glucose moieties from UDP-Glc into beta-1,4-glucan chains which give rise to rigid crystalline fibrils upon extrusion at the outer surface of the cell. The distinct arrangement and degree of association of the polymerizing enzyme units presumably govern extracellular chain assembly in addition to the pattern and width of cellulose fibril deposition. Most evident for Acetobacter xylinum, polymerization and assembly appear to be tightly coupled. To date, only bacteria have been effectively studied at the biochemical and genetic levels. In A. xylinum, the cellulose synthase, composed of at least two structurally similar but functionally distinct subunits, is subject to a multicomponent regulatory system. Regulation is based on the novel nucleotide cyclic diguanylic acid, a positive allosteric effector, and the regulatory enzymes maintaining its intracellular turnover: diguanylate cyclase and Ca2(+)-sensitive bis-(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP) phosphodiesterase. Four genes have been isolated from A. xylinum which constitute the operon for cellulose synthesis. The second gene encodes the catalytic subunit of cellulose synthase; the functions of the other three gene products are still unknown. Exclusively an extracellular product, bacterial cellulose appears to fulfill diverse biological roles within the natural habitat, conferring mechanical, chemical, and physiological protection in A. xylinum and Sarcina ventriculi or facilitating cell adhesion during symbiotic or infectious interactions in Rhizobium and Agrobacterium species. A. xylinum is proving to be most amenable for industrial purposes, allowing the unique features of bacterial cellulose to be exploited for novel product applications.
Influence of Various Factors on Interferon-α Production in Cultures of Human Leukocytes (1994)

Inducer-specific gene loci and sex are known to play a role in the regulation of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) production in mice. Because little is known about the genetic control of the IFN-alpha system in man, we investigated the IFN-alpha production of 468 individuals by culturing peripheral blood with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) or Sendai virus (SDV). The IFN alpha release of different donors varied over a wide range. However, IFN-alpha production of 7 donors showed a donor-specific response over a period of 4 months, which led us to classify some donors as high and low responders. The amounts induced by NDV correlated positively to those induced by SDV. The donor's sex did not alter the IFN-alpha production significantly. The subjects were between 1 and 90 years in age. Highest IFN-alpha levels were obtained in children, followed by a gradual decline with age. Using a specific IFN-alpha-2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a bioassay, which detects all subtypes, our data showed that the net IFN-alpha production decreased with age. For further studies, we selected 17 low producers and 17 high producers. To analyze a possible influence of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on IFN-alpha production, the HLA genotypes of 13 low producers and 12 high producers were determined. Here, no correlation between high or low production and HLA genotype was detectable.
Recombinant soluble prostate-specific membrane antigen (rsPSMA) vaccine: Preliminary findings of a Phase I safety/immunogenicity trial (2004)

2584 Background: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is an ∼100 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein that is abundantly and preferentially expressed in prostate cancer, including recurrent and hormone-refractory cases. We have developed a subunit vaccine based on a novel rsPSMA protein that represents the entire extracellular domain of PSMA (Schulke et al., PNAS 100:12590, 2003). The vaccine comprises purified rsPSMA protein formulated with Alhydrogel® adjuvant. In preclinical studies, rsPSMA elicited high-titer antibodies that strongly cross-reacted with prostate cancer cells. Methods: The first-in-man trial was an ascending, multiple-dose, safety and tolerance study in cohorts of 6 patients each. Patients received four subcutaneous injections of rsPSMA vaccine at weeks 1, 2, 3 and 7. The study included assessments of PSMA-specific immune responses and serum PSA levels. Inclusion criteria included biochemically progressive prostate cancer following definitive local therapy with or without an adequate course of hormonal therapy. Patients with radiographic evidence of disease progression were excluded from the study. Results: The vaccine was well tolerated in this patient population, and no dose-limiting toxicities were observed. Whereas no patient had detectable levels of PSMA-reactive antibodies at baseline, vaccination elicited PSMA-reactive antibodies as measured by ELISA, and the anti-PSMA antibody titers increased with repeat immunizations. Conclusions: PSMA-specific sero-conversion has been observed without dose-limiting toxicity in patients treated to date. The results support further testing of rsPSMA vaccine alone and in heterologous prime-boost combinations with vaccines that elicit high-titer cellular immune responses to PSMA. A viral-vector vaccine (PSMA-VRP) based on the alphavirus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus is expected to enter Phase I testing in 2004. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Norwalk virus-like particles as vaccines (2010)

Noroviruses (NoV) cause the great majority of epidemic nonbacterial gastroenteritis in humans. Expression of the capsid protein in recombinant systems, including insect and plant cells, yields assembly of virus-like particles (VLPs) that mimic the antigenic structure of authentic virions, and are relatively acid- and heat-stable. Norwalk virus (NV), the prototype NoV, has been studied extensively, and Norwalk virus-like particles (NVLPs) produced in insect cells and plants are immunogenic in mice and humans when delivered orally, stimulating the production of systemic and mucosal anti-NV antibodies. NVLPs are also highly immunogenic when delivered intranasally, provoking antibodies at levels similar to orally delivered VLP at much lower doses. Oral and nasal delivery of NVLPs efficiently produces antibodies at distal mucosal sites, which suggests that NVLPs could be used to deliver heterologous peptide antigens by production of genetic fusion chimeric capsid proteins. Examination of norovirus VLP surface structures and receptor binding motifs facilitates identification of potential sites for insertion of foreign peptides that will minimally affect the efficiency of VLP assembly and receptor binding. Thus, there is strong potential to use norovirus VLPs as vaccine-delivery vehicles.
Rapid Amplification of Plasmid and Phage DNA Using Phi29 DNA Polymerase and Multiply-Primed Rolling Circle Amplification (2001)

We describe a simple method of using rolling circle amplification to amplify vector DNA such as M13 or plasmid DNA from single colonies or plaques. Using random primers and phi29 DNA polymerase, circular DNA templates can be amplified 10,000-fold in a few hours. This procedure removes the need for lengthy growth periods and traditional DNA isolation methods. Reaction products can be used directly for DNA sequencing after phosphatase treatment to inactivate unincorporated nucleotides. Amplified products can also be used for in vitro cloning, library construction, and other molecular biology applications.
Effect of joint detection and decoding in non-orthogonal multiple access (2014)

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) can share the same frequency band with multiple mobile devices. In the conventional NOMA scheme, the possible pairs of users are limited and this limitation restricts the amount of capacity improvement. This is because the receiver only for the near user cancels the signal of the other user and then detect the desired signal. In this paper, a joint detection and decoding scheme in the far user of the NOMA downlink is proposed and its constellation constrained capacity (CCC) is evaluated through numerical analysis. The proposed scheme allows the pairing of users with the difference of the propagation losses of less than 8dB. The possible number of user pairs in the NOMA system then increases and a larger total capacity may be achievable.
Polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography for quantifying the severity of natural caries lesions on occlusal surfaces (2007)

Previous studies have demonstrated that Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography (PS-OCT) can be used to image early dental caries. The purpose of this study was to compare the measured integrated reflectivity of natural caries lesions with the mineral loss measured using digital microradiography in order to determine if PS-OCT can be used as a nondestructive <i>in vivo</i> method to measure the severity of dental decay in the important occlusal surfaces. A PS-OCT system operating at 1310-nm was used to acquire polarization resolved images of natural caries lesions on the occlusal surfaces of extracted teeth. The integrated reflectivity from lesion areas was compared to the integrated mineral loss from the same lesion area measured using digital microradiography. There was a strong correlation between the integrated mineral loss of the caries lesion measured using high resolution digital microradiography and the integrated reflectivity in the perpendicular polarization axis of the PS-OCT system demonstrating the potential for this method to nondestructively monitor the severity of caries lesion in the occlusal pit and fissure where most new decay is found. Although we find these results encouraging, we desire a higher correlation between the integrated mineral loss and the integrated reflectivity and we believe a higher correlation is attainable with better matching of the PS-OCT scans and the histological thin sections.
The antileukemia effect of HLA-matched NK and NK-T cells in chronic myelogenous leukemia involves NKG2D–target-cell interactions (2005)

To study natural killer (NK) cell-mediated antileukemic activity in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), we investigated the ability of HLA-matched and mismatched CD56(+) cells to inhibit granulocyte macrophage-colony-forming unit (CFU-GM) formation by leukemic CD34(+) cells. In 14 HLA-identical donor-recipient pairs, donor CD56(+) cells inhibited CML CFU-GM comparably to effectors from 14 HLA-mismatched unrelated individuals (mean inhibition 42% +/- 9% vs 39.5% +/- 7% at a 10:1 effector-to-target (E/T) ratio), suggesting that killer inhibitory receptor (KIR) incompatibility was not essential for an antileukemic effect. Both CD56(+)CD3(-) (natural killer [NK]) and CD56(+)CD3(+)(NK-T) cells inhibited CFU-GM growth of CML but not normal CD34(+) cells. A mechanism for this leukemia-specific cytotoxicity was suggested by the abnormal overexpression of major histocompatibility class I chain-related gene A or gene B (MICA/B) on CML CD34 cells and their ability to bind the NK activation ligand NKG2D. However, in vivo, CML cells may avoid NK-cell-mediated immune destruction by immune escape, shedding MICA into the plasma, thereby down-regulating NKG2D on CML CD56(+) cells.