gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zeolites (2012)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Nomenclature 3. History 4. Structure, Composition, and Properties 4.1. Framework Structure 4.2. Nonframework Cations 4.3. Chemical and Physical Properties 4.3.1. Physical Properties 4.3.2. Chemical Properties 5. Characterization 6. Occurrence, Mining, and Processing of Natural Zeolites 7. Production of Synthetic Zeolites 7.1. Chemistry of Zeolite Synthesis 7.2. Composition of Reaction Mixtures 7.3. Raw Materials 7.3.1. Synthesis Conditions 7.3.2. Examples of Industrial Zeolite Syntheses 7.3.3. Post Synthesis Treatments 7.3.4. Environmental Aspects 8. Commercial Applications and Importance 8.1. Natural Zeolites 8.2. Synthetic Zeolites 8.2.1. Adsorption 8.2.2. Membranes 8.2.3. Catalysis 8.2.4. Other Uses 9. Toxicology Zeolites are hydrated aluminosilicates with a three‐dimensional framework structure constructed of SiO 4 and AlO 4 tetrahedra linked through oxygen atoms. They contain regular channels or interlinked voids whose aperture diameters are in the micropore range. The regular nature of the channels and apertures, whose dimensions are of the same order of magnitude as molecular diameters, enables the zeolites to function as molecular sieves and gives them value as selective adsorbents for separating substances and as shape‐selective catalysts. This article gives an overview of history, structure, properties, occurrence, production, and applications of zeolites.
Development of functional macrophages from embryonal stem cells in vitro. (1995)

When cultured under appropriate in vitro conditions, embryonal stem cells (ESCs) form embryoid bodies (EBs) that contain mature hematopoietic cells, including cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage. A two-step in vitro culture system for generation of ESC-derived macrophages has been developed and optimized. Maximum numbers of macrophage-containing colonies developed in secondary hematopoietic cultures of cells from disrupted EBs after 9 to 12 days of differentiation when interleukin-3 (IL-3) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) were included in both primary and secondary cultures. Over 10(5) viable, phagocytically active macrophages were generated from cultures initiated by 7500 ESCs. The inclusion of stem cell factor (SCF) in primary cultures not only increased the frequency of progenitor cells but also the cellular heterogeneity of colonies. SCF in secondary cultures increased the cellularity, but not the frequency, of macrophage-containing colonies; although cellular heterogeneity was also increased, there was still an overall increase in yield of macrophages.
Ability of thrombocytes to acquire HLA specificity from plasma (1982)

Thrombocytes from HLA-A1 and HLA-A2 negative donors were incubated with plasma obtained from respective HLA-positive donors. The plasma-treated thrombocytes were shown to acquire HLA specificity of the plasma as demonstrated by their ability to absorb lymphocytotoxic activity of monospecific anti-HLA sera. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the expression of HLA antigens in cells of hematopoietic origin diminishes in the course of differentiation and maturation and that the expression of HLA antigens on thrombocytes is primarily due to absorption of these antigens from plasma.
Ruthenium‐based metathesis initiators: Development and use in ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (2002)

Abstract For many years, olefin metathesis has been a central topic of industrial and academic research because of its great synthetic utility. The employed initiators cover a wide range of compounds, from simple transition‐metal salts to highly sophisticated and well‐defined alkylidene complexes. Currently, ruthenium‐based catalysts are at the center of attention because of their remarkable tolerance toward oxygen, moisture, and numerous functionalities. This article focuses on recent developments in the field of ring‐opening metathesis polymerization using ruthenium‐based catalysts. ruthenium‐based initiators and their applications to the preparation of advanced polymeric materials are briefly reviewed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 2895–2916, 2002
The production of antimicrobial compounds by British marine algae I. Antibiotic-producing marine algae (1974)

Using five species of bacteria as the test organisms, 151 species of British marine algae have been screened for the production of antibiotics. Of these, Asparagopsis armata, Bonnemaisonia asparagoides, Bonnemaisonia hamifera, Chondrus crispus, Dilsea carnosa, Gloiosiphonia capillaris, Sphondylothamnion multifidum, Desmarestia aculeata, Desmarestia ligulata, Laminaria digitata, Dictyopteris membranacea, Dictyota dichotoma, Halidrys siliquosa and most members of the family Rhodomelaceae appear to possess outstanding antibacterial properties. Although the production of antibiotics would appear to be a characteristic of several families, it has not been possible to establish any major correlation between taxonomy and antibiotic production. In the case of two closely related and morphologically similar species, Chondrus crispus and Gigartina stellata, the former possesses considerable degrees of antimicrobial activity whilst the latter exhibits no such activity. The results also indicate that the production of antibiotics by the algae is affected by the season of the year.
A database of new zeolite-like materials (2011)

We here describe a database of computationally predicted zeolite-like materials. These crystals were discovered by a Monte Carlo search for zeolite-like materials. Positions of Si atoms as well as unit cell, space group, density, and number of crystallographically unique atoms were explored in the construction of this database. The database contains over 2.6 M unique structures. Roughly 15% of these are within +30 kJ mol(-1) Si of α-quartz, the band in which most of the known zeolites lie. These structures have topological, geometrical, and diffraction characteristics that are similar to those of known zeolites. The database is the result of refinement by two interatomic potentials that both satisfy the Pauli exclusion principle. The database has been deposited in the publicly available PCOD database and in www.hypotheticalzeolites.net/database/deem/.
Biochemical and Galvanic Skin Responses to Music Stimuli by College Students in Biology and Music (1992)

The purpose of this study was to examine biochemical and physiological responses to musical stimuli. Specifically, university music and biology students' plasma levels of norepinephrine, endorphin, and cortisol, and their galvanic skin responses were measured before and after listening to two different musical selections in an anechoic chamber and during controlled silence. The results indicated that biochemical variables changed significantly in both groups during listening to music but were not different during the controlled silence. These data suggest that music majors may listen more analytically to music. GSR responses were significantly higher for music majors than biology majors, and plasma cortisol increased in music students but decreased in biology students. Music which elicits specific emotions induces physiological changes which may be beneficial to relaxation and behavioral therapies.
Bacterial programmed cell death of cerebral endothelial cells involves dual death pathways (2005)

Major barriers separating the blood from tissue compartments in the body are composed of endothelial cells. Interaction of bacteria with such barriers defines the course of invasive infections, and meningitis has served as a model system to study endothelial cell injury. Here we report the impressive ability of Streptococcus pneumoniae, clinically one of the most important pathogens, to induce 2 morphologically distinct forms of programmed cell death (PCD) in brain-derived endothelial cells. Pneumococci and the major cytotoxins H2O2 and pneumolysin induce apoptosis-like PCD independent of TLR2 and TLR4. On the other hand, pneumococcal cell wall, a major proinflammatory component, causes caspase-driven classical apoptosis that is mediated through TLR2. These findings broaden the scope of bacterial-induced PCD, link these effects to innate immune TLRs, and provide insight into the acute and persistent phases of damage during meningitis.
Over-Expression of Bcl-2 Provides Protection in Septic Mice by a trans Effect (2003)

Transgenic mice that over-express B cell leukemia/lymphomas (Bcl)-2 in myeloid cells under control of the human MRP8 promoter (hMRP8-Bcl-2) or in T lymphocytes under the E micro promoter (E micro -Bcl-2) were compared with C57BL/6 control mice following cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). There was a significant difference in outcome between the hMRP8-Bcl-2 and control mice with 100% survival in the hMRP8-Bcl-2 mice vs 25% survival in the control mice. In separate experiments there was a significant difference between E micro -Bcl-2 and control mice with 87.5 and 22.2% survival, respectively. Adoptive transfer of CD11b-positive bone marrow cells from hMRP8-Bcl-2 or C57BL/6 mice to C57BL/6 mice subjected to CLP resulted in 100 and 0% survival, respectively. Adoptive transfer of CD11b-positive cells from either hMRP8-Bcl-2 or C57BL/6 mice to Rag-1(-/-) mice (no mature T or B cells) subjected to CLP resulted in survival of 87.5 and 12.5%, respectively. The hMRP8-Bcl-2 mice had significantly more neutrophils and fewer bacteria in the peritoneum compared with C57BL/6 mice 24 h after CLP. These experiments show that Bcl-2 over-expression is protective in CLP and that protection is independent of lymphocytes. We propose that over-expression of Bcl-2 in T cells or myeloid cells induce release of a molecule(s) that protects against death following CLP.
Identification of a region in the Sindbis virus nucleocapsid protein that is involved in specificity of RNA encapsidation (1996)

The specific encapsidation of genomic RNA by an alphavirus requires recognition of the viral RNA by the nucleocapsid protein. In an effort to identify individual residues of the Sindbis virus nucleocapsid protein which are essential for this recognition event, a molecular genetic analysis of a domain of the protein previously suggested to be involved in RNA binding in vitro was undertaken. The experiments presented describe the generation of a panel of viruses which contain mutations in residues 97 through 111 of the nucleocapsid protein. All of the viruses generated were viable, and the results suggest that, individually, the residues mutated do not play a critical role in encapsidation. However, one mutant which had lost the ability to specifically encapsidate the genomic RNA was identified. This mutant virus, which contained a deletion of residues 97 to 106, encapsidated both the genomic RNA and the subgenomic mRNA of the virus. It is proposed that the encapsidation of this second species of RNA, which is not present in wild-type virions, is the result of the loss of a domain of the nucleocapsid protein required for specific recognition of the genomic RNA packaging signal. The results suggest that this region of the protein is important in dictating specificity in the encapsidation reaction in vivo. The isolation and preliminary characterization of two independent second-site revertants to this deletion mutant are also described.
Monoclonal anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibodies which are inhibitors of epidermal growth factor binding and antagonists of epidermal growth factor binding and antagonists of epidermal growth factor-stimulated tyrosine protein kinase activity. (1984)

Four mouse monoclonal antibodies specific for human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors have been prepared using EGF receptor protein from human A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells as immunogen. We have determined the effect of these antibodies on two known functions of the EGF receptor: EGF binding and tyrosine kinase. Three of these antibodies (225, 528, and 579) are inhibitors of EGF binding, whereas the fourth (455) does not compete for binding but immunoprecipitates the EGF receptor. Inhibition is of the mixed competitive and noncompetitive type. The three competing monoclonal antibodies are antagonists of EGF-stimulated tyrosine protein kinase activity assayed both in intact cells and using an exogenous peptide substrate in solubilized membranes. These immunoglobulins are partial agonists in self-phosphorylation of the EGF receptor in solubilized membranes but exhibit only antagonist activity for this reaction in intact cells. The three competing monoclonal immunoglobulins recognize receptors in variant A431 cells with the same efficiency as in parental A431 cells. Such antagonist monoclonal antibodies can be used to control the concentration of receptors which can be activated by EGF.
Fabrication of a diamond field emitter array (1994)

A diamond field emitter array has been fabricated. by Chemical vapor deposition. Diamond was grown on an inverted pyramidal-shape Si substrate followed by removal of the substrate. The fabricated array was placed in a high vacuum pumping system with the pressure of ∼10−7 Torr and the emission current as a function of the anode voltage was measured. The distance between the tungsten anode and the diamond surface was held constant at 100 μm throughout the measurement. As a result, a current larger than 10−4 A was obtained for an anode voltage of 6 kV. A linear relationship in the Fowler–Nordheim plot indicated the existence of electron field emission from the fabricated diamond field emitter array.
Abstract 364: Nrf2-PPAR gamma Signaling Suppresses Exaggerated Renal Tubular AT1R Gene Expression and Function and Mitigates Hypertension During Oxidative Stress (2012)

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of hypertension. Interestingly, angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) function, a major contributor to the etiology of hypertension, is positively regulated by oxidative stress. It is shown that antioxidant treatment can reduce blood pressure (BP) and redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2 could provide important clues for antihypertensive properties of antioxidants. Here in we investigated how induction of renal proximal tubular Nrf2 in response to antioxidants will activate PPAR gamma (a pleiotropic nuclear receptor whose ligands exhibit BP reducing effects) which in turn will normalize AT1R expression and reduce BP. Wild type (WT) and renal proximal tubular specific Nrf2 knockout (KO) mice were treated with 10 mM L-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO, a pro-oxidant) without and with sulforaphane (S, an antioxidant; 5 μM daily by gavage) for 5 wks. BSO-treatment increased oxidative stress, AT1R mRNA, AT1R expression and Ang II-induced activation of renal sodium transporters and these animals exhibited high BP (mm Hg, WT: 102±3, WT-BSO: 123±4, Nrf2 KO: 98±2). However, the onset and severity of hypertension (Nrf2-KO-BSO: 136±4) as well as oxidative stress and AT1R function was more robust in BSO-treated Nrf2 KO compared to WT mice. More importantly, sulforaphane activated Nrf2, reduced oxidative stress, normalized proximal tubular AT1R function and reduced BP (WT-S: 99±5, WT-BSO+S: 106±6) in BSO-treated WT mice but failed to mitigate AT1R function or reduce BP (Nrf2 KO-S: 97±4, Nrf2 KO-BSO+S: 130±3) in Nrf2 KO mice. Further studies showed that BSO-induced hypertension is also more severe in renal proximal tubular specific PPAR gamma KO mice and sulforaphane fails to protect PPAR gamma KO mice from hypertension. Experiments in human renal proximal tubular cells indicated that 1) sulforaphane, via Nrf2 activation, reduced oxidant-induced AT1R upregulation and 2) Nrf2 dependent PPAR gamma activation suppresses AT1R gene transcription. These findings suggest that antioxidants via Nrf2 activation reduce oxidative stress, normalize AT1R signaling and prevent hypertension during oxidative stress. More importantly, Nrf2 induction activates PPAR gamma which suppresses AT1R gene transcription.
Radiologic Contributions to the Investigation and Prosecution of Cases of Fatal Infant Abuse (1989)

In 1984 we started a two-year program in Worcester (Mass.) and Boston to provide additional radiologic data for the medical investigation of suspected fatal infant abuse. During that period the investigation of 12 cases of unexplained infant death included the review of complete radiographic skeletal surveys by a pediatric radiologist. Autopsies were supplemented with resection, high-detail radiography, and histologic study of all non-cranial sites of suspected osseous injury. Thirty-four bony injuries were noted, including 12 acute and 16 healing fractures of the long-bone metaphyses and posterior-rib arcs in patterns indicative of infant abuse. The investigations determined that there were eight cases of abuse, two accidental deaths, and two natural deaths (sudden infant death syndrome). At this writing, the radiologic and osseous histologic studies appear to have influenced the determination of the manner of death in six of the eight cases of abuse and the criminal prosecution in four of the five convictions. These findings suggest that a thorough postmortem radiologic evaluation followed by selected histologic studies can have an impact on the investigation and prosecution of cases of fatal infant abuse.
Involvement of integrin alphavbeta3 in cell adhesion, motility, and liver metastasis of murine RAW117 large cell lymphoma. (1996)

The molecules that mediate metastatic cell homing to specific organ sites remain largely unidentified. As a target organ for metastasis, the liver is a unique environment characterized by fenestrated sinusoidal endothelium, lack of a complete basement membrane, and production of serum components, including fibronectin and vitronectin. We examined a series of marine RAW117 large cell lymphoma variants selected in vivo for liver-colonizing properties (H10 >> L17 > P). Compared with L17 or P cells, the highly liver-colonizing H1O cells expressed much higher levels of surface integrin alphavbeta3, as shown by affinity chromatography, immunoprecipitation, and flow cytometry. H10 cells adhered at higher rates to vitronectin and fibronectin than to fibrinogen, fibrin, laminin, and type I collagen. Among the RGD peptides, H10 cells adhered at significantly higher rates to the polymeric RGD peptide (glycyl-arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine)4 than to monomeric RGD peptides. H10 cells were able to spread on immobilized vitronectin with highly polarized morphology but not on fibronectin. In contrast, the poorly liver-metastatic P and L17 cells did not adhere or spread well on vitronectin or fibronectin. H10 cells also migrated toward vitronectin concentration gradients. Blocking cell surface alphavbeta3 molecules with specific anti-beta3 monoclonal antibodies resulted in significant decreases in the adhesion of H10 cells to vitronectin and (glycyl-arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine)4 and significant inhibition of the formation of experimental liver metastases. These data suggest an important role of integrin alphavbeta3 in the metastasis of RAW117 cells to the liver.
Estrogen-Responsive Finger Protein as a New Potential Biomarker for Breast Cancer (2005)

Our data suggest that Efp immunoreactivity is a significant prognostic factor in breast cancer patients. These findings may account for an oncogenic role of Efp in the tumor progression of breast carcinoma.
High-resolution crystal structure of M-protease: phylogeny aided analysis of the high-alkaline adaptation mechanism (1997)

M-protease is a subtilisin-family serine protease produced by an alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. strain. Optimal enzymatic activity of the protein occurs at pH 12.3. The crystal structure of M-protease (space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), a = 62.3, b = 75.5, c = 47.2 A) has been refined to a crystallographic R-factor of 17.2% at 1.5 A resolution. The alkaline adaptation mechanism of the enzyme was analyzed. Molecular phylogeny construction was used to determine the amino acid substitutions that occurred during the high-alkaline adaptation process. This analysis revealed a decrease in the number of negatively charged amino acids (aspartic acid and glutamic acid) and lysine residues and an increase in arginine and neutral hydrophilic amino acids (histidine, asparagine and glutamine) residues during the course of adaptation. These substitutions increased the isoelectric point of M-protease. Some of the acquired arginine residues form hydrogen bonds or ion pairs to combine both N- and C-terminal regions of M-protease. The substituted residues are localized to a hemisphere of the globular protein molecule where positional shifts of peptide segments, relative to those of the less alkaliphilic subtilisin Carlsberg, are observed. The biased distribution and interactions caused by the substituted residues seem to be responsible for stabilization of the conformation in a high-alkaline condition.
A mutation in a novel ATP-dependent Lon protease gene in a kindred with mild mental retardation (2004)

A gene on chromosome 3p that is associated with mild mental retardation in a large kindred is reported. This finding implicates a role for the ATP-dependent degradation of proteins in memory and learning.
世界图景,世界秩序和冷战:神话制作的历史与联合国 (1996)

第二次世界大战以后的时代是“意识形态时代”,在此时期有三种社会神话逐鹿天下。这就是由美国人为首的西方精英们所提出的“十恶不赦的共产主义神话”,共产主义精英们所鼓吹的“世界社会主义革命神话”,以及第三世界精英们所信奉的“帝国主义和经济不发达神话”。三种神话都可以在客观现实中找到依据,虽然这些依据的可靠性是值得怀疑的。神话的倡导者相信各自的神话,神话对第二次世界大战以后时代的国际关系有强大影响。因为相互抗衡的神话妨碍达成有意义的国际协议,意识形态的抗衡破坏了国际合作。联合国是这一破坏行动的牺牲品,因此50年来的成绩令人失望。随着苏联的解体和马克思列宁主义在前苏联和东欧各国失去信誉,意识形态斗争在世界政治中的作用趋于缩小,这一情况对于世界各国在联合国开展合作大为有利。然而展望未来,还会有新的意识形态冷战冒出来。
Purification and regulatory properties of isocitrate lyase from Escherichia coli ML308 (1988)

Isocitrate lyase was purified to homogeneity from Escherichia coli ML308. Its subunit Mr and native Mr were 44,670 +/- 460 and 17,000-180,000 respectively. The kinetic mechanism of the enzyme was investigated by using product and dead-end inhibitors of the cleavage and condensation reactions. The data indicated a random-order equilibrium mechanism, with formation of a ternary enzyme-isocitrate-succinate complex. In an attempt to predict the properties of isocitrate lyase in intact cells, the effects of pH, inorganic anions and potential regulatory metabolites on the enzyme were studied. The Km of the enzyme for isocitrate was 63 microM at physiological pH and in the absence of competing anions. Chloride, phosphate and sulphate ions inhibited competitively with respect to isocitrate. Phosphoenolpyruvate inhibited non-competitively with respect to isocitrate, but the Ki value suggested that this effect was unlikely to be significant in intact cells. 3-Phosphoglycerate was a competitive inhibitor. At the concentration reported to occur in intact cells, this metabolite would have a significant effect on the activity of isocitrate lyase. The available data suggest that the Km of isocitrate lyase for isocitrate is similar to the concentration of isocitrate in E. coli cells growing on acetate, about one order of magnitude higher than the Km determined in vitro in the absence of competing anions.
Randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial on the safety and efficacy of continuous intratympanic dexamethasone delivered via a round window catheter for severe to profound sudden idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss after failure of systemic therapy (2009)

The tendency toward better hearing improvement in the treatment group, the rather conservative inclusion criteria, the limited placebo-controlled observation period and the absence of serious adverse events supports further investigation local inner ear drug delivery as a first or second line treatment option for ISSHL.