gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of gamma irradiation on the human immunodeficiency virus. A study in frozen human bone-patellar ligament-bone grafts obtained from infected cadavera. (1994)

We studied the effects of several different doses of gamma radiation, ranging from 20,000 to 40,000 gray (2.0 to 4.0 megarad), with respect to the inactivation of the human immunodeficiency virus in fresh-frozen, whole bone-patellar ligament-bone grafts. Although the International Atomic Energy Agency has recommended the use of 25,000 gray of gamma radiation for the sterilization of medical products, the dose required for the inactivation of the human immunodeficiency virus in frozen allografts has not been established. Using one of the most sensitive and specific tests for the detection of the human immunodeficiency virus, the polymerase-chain-reaction test, we found that doses of 20,000 or 25,000 gray of gamma radiation did not destroy the genes of the human immunodeficiency virus effectively; DNA of the virus was detectable in the DNA of bone-marrow tissue obtained from grafts treated with these doses. However, DNA of the human immunodeficiency virus was not detectable in the grafts treated with 30,000 or 40,000 gray of gamma radiation. We conclude that a dose of 30,000 gray of gamma radiation or more is necessary for the sterilization of a fresh-frozen bone-patellar ligament-bone allograft, so that it can be used for reconstructive procedures without the risk of transmission of the virus to the recipient.
Arthroscopic Hip Revision Surgery for Residual Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI) (2014)

Arthroscopic hip revision surgery for residual FAI yielded significantly improved outcome measures, but these were inferior to those after primary arthroscopic FAI corrective surgery. Improved femoral head-neck offset after cam decompression, identification and treatment of subspine/AIIS impingement, labral preservation/reconstruction, and capsular preservation/plication may be paramount to achieve satisfactory outcomes.
1‐Deoxy‐d‐xylulose 5‐phosphate reductoisomerase and plastid isoprenoid biosynthesis during tomato fruit ripening (2001)

The recently discovered 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway for the biosynthesis of plastid isoprenoids (including carotenoids) is not fully elucidated yet despite its central importance for plant life. It is known, however, that the first reaction completely specific to the pathway is the conversion of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (DXP) into MEP by the enzyme DXP reductoisomerase (DXR). We have identified a tomato cDNA encoding a protein with homology to DXR and in vivo activity, and show that the levels of the corresponding DXR mRNA and encoded protein in fruit tissues are similar before and during the massive accumulation of carotenoids characteristic of fruit ripening. The results are consistent with a non-limiting role of DXR, and support previous work proposing DXP synthase (DXS) as the first regulatory enzyme for plastid isoprenoid biosynthesis in tomato fruit. Inhibition of DXR activity by fosmidomycin showed that plastid isoprenoid biosynthesis is required for tomato fruit carotenogenesis but not for other ripening processes. In addition, dormancy was reduced in seeds from fosmidomycin-treated fruit but not in seeds from the tomato yellow ripe mutant (defective in phytoene synthase-1, PSY1), suggesting that the isoform PSY2 might channel the production of carotenoids for abscisic acid biosynthesis. Furthermore, the complete arrest of tomato seedling development using fosmidomycin confirms a key role of the MEP pathway in plant development.
Phase-transfer synthesis of monoalkyl ethers of oligoethylene glycols (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhase-transfer synthesis of monoalkyl ethers of oligoethylene glycolsThomas GibsonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 6, 1095–1098Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01294a034https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01294a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1020Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Increased vanilloid receptor VR1 innervation in vulvodynia (2003)

Vulvodynia is characterised by painful burning sensation, allodynia and hyperalgesia in the region of the vulval vestibulus. While in many patients the cause of vulvodynia remains uncertain, we and others have previously shown increased intraepithelial and papillary innervation in vulvodynia. The vanilloid receptor VR1 (TRPV1) is expressed by nociceptors, and is triggered by capsaicin, noxious heat, protons, and chemicals produced during inflammation. In the present study we show increased papillary VR1 fibres by immunostaining and image analysis in vulvodynia tissues compared to controls (p<0.002). VR1 expression was found to be significantly increased when the percentage area immunostained was expressed as a ratio of VR1 to PGP 9.5, a pan-neuronal marker (P=0.01). VR1-positive fine epidermal fibres also appeared to be increased in vulvodynia tissues, by inspection. Fibres immunoreactive to the voltage-gated sodium channel SNS1/PN3 (Nav1.8), also expressed by nociceptors, were relatively scarce in both vulvodynia and control tissues. We hypothesize that increased expression of VR1 by nociceptors could mediate some of the symptoms in vulvodynia, for which systemic or topical specific VR1 antagonists may provide novel treatment.
Behavioral pharmacology of olanzapine: a novel antipsychotic drug. (1997)

On the basis of these findings, we predict that olanzapine will be an efficacious antipsychotic, active against both positive and negative symptoms, while producing fewer extrapyramidal symptoms than existing treatments.
Fabrication of 0.5 nm electrode gaps using self-breaking technique (2008)

Control of electrode gap size formed by a self-breaking method is explored by statistically investigating electric field dependence of the gap distance using nanofabricated mechanically controllable break junctions. We obtained narrow distributions of the electrode gap size around 0.5 nm at biases below a threshold field. The self-breaking technique has thus been demonstrated to be a reliable tool for fabricating electrodes with subnanometer size gaps.
Essay: ADR as an Alternative to Our Culture of Confrontation (1995)

After discovery of insulin, diabetes mellitus from mainly metabolic disease was changed in mainly cardiovascular disease. That is why its vascular complications became the chief problem because of their clinical significance. An epidemiological study was carried out on the causes of death of the patients with diabetes in 10 hospitals in Sofia for the period 1979-1983. The sources of information used were the medical death certificates. The total number of the decreased diabetics in those hospitals, during the above period, is 1810, out of them 855 males and 965 females. Our study revealed that various cardiovascular diseases were established in 96.52% of all diabetics deceased. Atherosclerosis proved to be with the highest incidence--80.88%, followed by that of arterial hypertension--37.5%. They are the main cause for cerebral stroke and myocardial infarctions among the diabetics. The cerebral strokes are the most frequent direct cause for the death--the lethal end in 29.72% of the cases in due to them. Myocardial infarction comes second as a cause for the death of diabetics--21.99% of the subjects had died of it. Diabetic gangrene is also an often cause for the death of the diabetics (5.58% of the cases). The age and sex distribution of all those diseases are discussed in the paper.
Requirement of Specific Intrahelical Interactions for Stabilizing the Inactive Conformation of Glycoprotein Hormone Receptors (2000)

Systematic analysis of structural changes induced by activating mutations has been frequently utilized to study activation mechanisms of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). In the thyrotropin receptor and the lutropin receptor (LHR), a large number of naturally occurring mutations leading to constitutive receptor activation were identified. Saturating mutagenesis studies of a highly conserved Asp in the junction of the third intracellular loop and transmembrane domain 6 suggested a participation of this anionic residue in a salt bridge stabilizing the inactive receptor conformation. However, substitution of all conserved cationic residues at the cytoplasmic receptor surface did not support this hypothesis. Asp/Glu residues are a common motif at the N-terminal ends of alpha-helices terminating and stabilizing the helical structure (helix capping). Since Asp/Glu residues in the third intracellular loop/transmembrane domain 6 junction are not only preserved in glycoprotein hormone receptors but also in other GPCRs we speculated that this residue probably participates in an N-terminal helix-capping structure. Poly-Ala stretches are known to form and stabilize alpha-helices. Herein, we show that the function of the highly conserved Asp can be mimicked by poly-Ala substitutions in the LHR and thyrotropin receptor. CD and NMR studies of peptides derived from the juxtamembrane portion of the LHR confirmed the helix extension by the poly-Ala substitution and provided further evidence for an involvement of Asp in a helix-capping structure. Our data implicate that in addition to well established interhelical interactions the inactive conformation of GPCRs is also stabilized by specific intrahelical structures.
A quantitative analysis of unqualified Dublin Core Metadata Element Set usage within data providers registered with the Open Archives Initiative (2003)

This research describes an empirical study of how the unqualified Dublin Core Metadata Element Set (DC or DCMES) is used by 100 Data Providers (DPs) registered with the Open Archives Initiative (OAI). The research was conducted to determine whether or not the DCMES is used to its full capabilities. Eighty-two of 100 DPs have metadata records available for analysis. DCMES usage varies by type of DP. The average number of Dublin Core elements per record is eight, with an average of 91, 785 Dublin Core elements in each DP. Five of the 15 elements of the DCMES are used 71% of the time. The results show the unqualified DCMES is not used to its fullest extent within DPs registered with the OAI.
Treatment of human metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in a murine model with the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody DC101 and paclitaxel. (2000)

Vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) regulates angiogenesis and metastasis of bladder cancer (transitional cell carcinoma, TCC) through binding to VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). In this study, we evaluated whether the anti-VEGFR monoclonal antibody (Mab) DC101 in combination with paclitaxel inhibited tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and metastasis of human TCC growing within the bladder of athymic nude mice. In vivo therapy with Mab DC101 and paclitaxel induced significant regression of bladder tumors compared with either agent alone. Median bladder weights were reduced from 601 mg in untreated controls, 422 mg in mice treated with paclitaxel alone (P < 0.005), 361 mg in mice treated with DC101 alone (P < 0.005), and 113 mg in mice that received combination therapy (P < 0.0005). Only one of nine mice developed spontaneous lymph node metastasis after combined treatment, compared with seven of seven untreated controls (P < 0.0005), six of eight after DC101 (P < 0.01), and five of eight mice after paclitaxel (P < 0.05). Combined treatment with both paclitaxel and DC101 inhibited tumor-induced neovascularity compared with all other groups (P < 0.005), without altering the expression of VEGF or flk1. Mab DC101 and paclitaxel combined enhanced apoptosis in the tumor and endothelial cells compared with other treatment (P < 0.005). These studies indicate that Mab DC101, which blocks VEGFR-2 function, has significant efficacy against human TCC, especially when combined with the chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel. The antitumor effect was mediated by inhibition of angiogenesis and induction of both tumor cell and endothelial cell apoptosis.
Movement templates for learning of hitting and batting (2010)

Hitting and batting tasks, such as tennis forehands, ping-pong strokes, or baseball batting, depend on predictions where the ball can be intercepted and how it can properly be returned to the opponent. These predictions get more accurate over time, hence the behaviors need to be continuously modified. As a result, movement templates with a learned global shape need to be adapted during the execution so that the racket reaches a target position and velocity that will return the ball over to the other side of the net or court. It requires altering learned movements to hit a varying target with the necessary velocity at a specific instant in time. Such a task cannot be incorporated straightforwardly in most movement representations suitable for learning. For example, the standard formulation of the dynamical system based motor primitives (introduced by Ijspeert et al. [1]) does not satisfy this property despite their flexibility which has allowed learning tasks ranging from locomotion to kendama. In order to fulfill this requirement, we reformulate the Ijspeert framework to incorporate the possibility of specifying a desired hitting point and a desired hitting velocity while maintaining all advantages of the original formulation. We show that the proposed movement template formulation works well in two scenarios, i.e., for hitting a ball on a string with a table tennis racket at a specified velocity and for returning balls launched by a ball gun successfully over the net using forehand movements. All experiments were carried out on a Barrett WAM using a four camera vision system.
PN acquisition and tracking performance in DS/CDMA systems with symbol-length spreading sequences (1997)

Direct sequence spread spectrum code-division multiple-access (DS/CDMA) is receiving increasing attention for cellular communications systems. When the users are synchronized and special symbol-length sequences, such as Gold codes, are used, the mutual interference can be substantially reduced relative to a system with very long or purely random spreading sequences. It is shown that this approach degrades the performance of the code phase acquisition and tracking, however. This effect prevents the system from acquiring and tracking long before the data detection is affected by the multiuser interference.
Activation of TRPV1 by the Satiety Factor Oleoylethanolamide (2003)

The fatty acid oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is a satiety factor that excites peripheral vagal sensory nerves, but the mechanism by which this occurs and the molecular targets of OEA are unclear. In this study the ability of OEA to modulate the capsaicin receptor (TRPV1) was explored. OEA alone did not activate TRPV1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes under control conditions, but produced a differential modulation of agonist-evoked responses. OEA enhanced proton-gated TRPV1 currents, inhibited anandamide-evoked currents and had no effect on capsaicin-evoked responses. Following stimulation of protein kinase C (PKC), OEA alone directly activated TRPV1 channel with an EC50 of approximately 2 microm at room temperature. This effect was due to direct phosphorylation of TRPV1 because no responses to OEA were observed with mutant channels lacking critical PKC phosphorylation sites, S502A/S800A. In sensory neurons, OEA-induced Ca2+ rises that were selective for capsaicin-sensitive cells, inhibited by the TRPV1 blocker, capsazepine, and occurred in a PKC-dependent manner. Further, after PKC stimulation, OEA activated TRPV1 channels in cell-free patches suggesting a direct mode of action. Thus, TRPV1 represents a potential target for OEA and may contribute to the excitatory action of OEA on sensory nerves.
Immunidad innata y nuevos adyuvantes (2007)

Vaccination remains the most cost-effective biomedical approach to the control of infectious diseases in livestock. Vaccines based on killed pathogens or subunit antigens are safer but are often ineffective and require coadministration with adjuvants to achieve efficacy. Unfortunately, most conventional adjuvants are poorly defined, complex substances that fail to meet the stringent criteria for safety and efficacy desired in new generation vaccines. A new generation of adjuvants that work by activating innate immunity presents exciting opportunities to develop safer, more potent vaccines. In this review the authors highlight the role of innate immunity in protection against infectious disease and provide some examples of promising new adjuvants that activate innate immunity. They do not review the conventional adjuvants present in many vaccines since they have been reviewed extensively previously.
A Fully-Integrated Quad-Band GSM/GPRS CMOS Power Amplifier (2008)

Concentric distributed active transformers (DAT) are used to implement a fully-integrated quad-band power amplifier (PA) in a standard 130 nm CMOS process. The DAT enables the power amplifier to integrate the input and output matching networks on the same silicon die. The PA integrates on-chip closed- loop power control and operates under supply voltages from 2.9 V to 5.5 V in a standard micro-lead-frame package. It shows no oscillations, degradation, or failures for over 2000 hours of operation with a supply of 6 V at 135degC under a VSWR of 15:1 at all phase angles and has also been tested for more than 2 million device-hours (with ongoing reliability monitoring) without a single failure under nominal operation conditions. It produces up to +35 dBm of RF power with power-added efficiency of 51%.
Activation of Src Family Kinases by Hepatitis B Virus HBx Protein and Coupled Signaling to Ras (1997)

The HBx protein of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a small transcriptional transactivator that is essential for infection by the mammalian hepadnaviruses and is thought to be a cofactor in HBV-mediated liver cancer. HBx stimulates signal transduction pathways by acting in the cytoplasm, which accounts for many but not all of its transcriptional activities. Studies have shown that HBx protein activates Ras and downstream Ras signaling pathways including Raf, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase kinase (MEK), and MAP kinases. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of activation of Ras by HBx because it has been found to be central to the ability of HBx protein to stimulate transcription and to release growth arrest in quiescent cells. In contrast to the transient but strong stimulation of Ras typical of autocrine factors, activation of Ras by HBx protein was found to be constitutive but moderate. HBx induced the association of Ras upstream activating proteins Shc, Grb2, and Sos and stimulated GTP loading onto Ras, but without directly participating in complex formation. Instead, HBx is shown to stimulate Ras-activating proteins by functioning as an intracellular cytoplasmic activator of the Src family of tyrosine kinases, which can signal to Ras. HBx protein stimulated c-Src and Fyn kinases for a prolonged time. Activation of Src is shown to be indispensable for a number of HBx activities, including activation of Ras and the Ras-Raf-MAP kinase pathway and stimulation of transcription mediated by transcription factor AP-1. Importantly, HBx protein expressed in cultured cells during HBV replication is shown to activate the Ras signaling pathway. Mechanisms by which HBx protein might activate Src kinases are discussed.
Controlling growth of self-propagating molecular assemblies (2011)

A series of six self-propagating molecular assemblies (SPMAs) were generated by alternative solution-deposition of ruthenium polypyridyl complexes and d8palladium and platinum salts on glass and silicon substrates. The d6 polypyridyl complexes have three pyridine units available for forming networks by coordination to the metal salts. This two-step film growth process is fast (15 min/step) and can be carried out conveniently under ambient conditions in air. The reactivity of the common metal salts (ML2X2: M = Pd, X = Cl, L = PhCN, ½ 1,5-cyclooctadiene (COD), SMe2 and M = Pt, X = Cl, Br, I, L = PhCN) is a dominant factor in the film growth. Although the assembly structures are comparable, their exponential growth can be controlled by varying the metals salts. The co-ligands, halides, and metal centers can be used to control the film thicknesses and light absorption intensities of the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) bands by a factor of ∼3.5 for 13 deposition steps, whereas the surface morphologies and molecular densities of the SPMAs are similar. The surface-confined assemblies have been characterized using a combination of optical (UV/Vis, ellipsometry) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and synchrotron X-ray reflectivity (XRR).
Parallel and sequential mutual exclusions for petri net modeling of manufacturing systems with shared resources (1991)

A theoretical basis for Petri net synthesis methods is provided that can be used to model systems with shared resources, and to make the resulting nets bounded, live, and reversible. Two resource-sharing concepts, parallel mutual exclusion (PME) and sequential mutual exclusion (SME), are formulated in the context of the Petri net theory. A PME models a resource shared by distinct independent processes, and an SME is a sequential composition of PMEs, modeling a resource shared by sequentially related processes. The conditions under which a net containing such structures remains bounded, live, and reversible are derived.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Highly Selective and Sensitive Phosphane Sulfide Derivative for the Detection of Hg2+ in an Organoaqueous Medium (2007)

A new fluorescent molecular sensor for Hg2+ based on the phosphane sulfide derivative exhibits a very low detection limit in an aqueous medium (3.8 nM) with a very high selectivity over other interfering cations. The reversibility of the complexation process was also examined and was found to be successful. [structure: see text]