gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metal–Organic Frameworks and Self-Assembled Supramolecular Coordination Complexes: Comparing and Contrasting the Design, Synthesis, and Functionality of Metal–Organic Materials (2012)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTMetal–Organic Frameworks and Self-Assembled Supramolecular Coordination Complexes: Comparing and Contrasting the Design, Synthesis, and Functionality of Metal–Organic MaterialsTimothy R. Cook*, Yao-Rong Zheng, and Peter J. Stang*View Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States*E-mail addresses: [email protected] (T.R.C.); [email protected] (P.J.S).Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2013, 113, 1, 734–777Publication Date (Web):November 2, 2012Publication History Received11 July 2012Published online2 November 2012Published inissue 9 January 2013https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr3002824https://doi.org/10.1021/cr3002824review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views49336Altmetric-Citations2581LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Ligands,Materials,Metal organic frameworks,Metals Get e-Alerts
Multiple Choices (2002)

The generation of memory T cells in immune responses has been extensively studied over recent years, yet the requirements for production and persistence of a functional memory pool are still unclear. For example, while there is compelling evidence that survival of memory cells does not require TCR–MHC engagements (1, 2), recent evidence indicates that such interactions may be needed to maintain functional activity of these cells (3, 4). Furthermore, there is growing evidence that cytokines play a major role in deciding the fate of CD8 memory cells, although the precise mechanisms by which these effects are mediated remain unknown.
Circular Ribozymes Generated in Escherichia coli Using Group I Self-splicing Permuted Intron-Exon Sequences (1996)

A circularly permuted self-splicing group I intron from Anabaena was used to generate covalently closed circular trans-acting ribozymes in Escherichia coli. The RNA component of Bacillus subtilis RNaseP and an artificial trans-acting hepatitis delta virus ribozyme were expressed as the exon portion of the permuted intron. RNA isolated from these cells contained circular forms of the ribozymes, indicating that circles were generated from precursors expressed in these cells. Total RNA isolated from cells producing the circular RNA contained ribozyme activity. In contrast, a linear form of the delta virus ribozyme expressed as part of an unprocessed transcript yielded no detectable activity. These data extend previous in vitro and in vivo studies on splicing-mediated RNA circularization by demonstrating the intracellular production of circular ribozymes. These results have implications for the development of systems expressing therapeutic forms of small RNAs such as ribozymes and decoy-type competitors. Circular RNAs generated by splicing are devoid of flanking sequences that could potentially interfere with function. Also, because circular RNAs are not primary substrates for exonucleases, they may have increased in vivo half-lives relative to linear molecules with similar sequences.
Biodegradable Thermogelling Poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate]-Based Block Copolymers: Micellization, Gelation, and Cytotoxicity and Cell Culture Studies (2009)

A series of biodegradable multiblock poly(ester urethane)s having poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] (PHB), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) segments was prepared. The critical micellization concentration (CMCs) of these water-soluble poly(ester urethane)s were determined at different temperatures in order to calculate the thermodynamic parameters for the process of micelle formation. The process for micelle formation was found to be entropy-driven. The thermogelling behavior of the aqueous polymer solution was studied by (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy at different temperatures. We obtained valuable molecular level information regarding the state of the copolymer in solution based on the variation of the peak widths. Cytotoxicity studies performed on the extracts of the copolymer gel indicate good cell compatibility. Cells attach on the surface of the gel much better than on the commercially available PEG-PPG-PEG triblock copolymer. These studies indicate a potential for the copolymer gel to be used for tissue engineering applications.
Chemoprevention of tobacco smoke-induced lung tumors in A/J strain mice with dietary myo-inositol and dexamethasone (1999)

Male A/J strain mice were fed AIN-76A diet supplemented with myo-inositol/dexamethasone (10 g and 0.5 mg/kg diet) or acetylsalicylic acid (300 mg/kg) and exposed for 5 months to a mixture of sidestream and mainstream cigarette smoke at a concentration of 132 mg total suspended particulates/m3. After tobacco smoke exposure, they were allowed to recover for another 4 months in filtered air. In the animals fed AIN-75A diet alone or acetylsalicylic acid, the average number of tumors/lung was 2.1, whereas in the animals given the myo-inositol/dexamethasone diet, the average lung tumor multiplicity was 1.0 (P < 0.05). In animals exposed to filtered air, lung tumor multiplicities were 0.6 for animals fed AIN-76A or myo-inositol/dexamethasone and 1.2 for animals fed acetylsalicylic acid. It was concluded that the combination of myo-inositol and dexamethasone constitutes an effective chemopreventive regimen against tobacco smoke-induced lung tumorigenesis.
Transient Response Harmonic Imaging (1998)

The present study demonstrates for the first time that TRsHI produces accurate contrast in different brain areas and represents an ultrasonic tool related to brain perfusion. Absolute values of quantitative parameters show high variations caused by different temporal bone thicknesses and a complex relationship between echo contrast concentrations and measurements of optic intensities. Ratios between different ROIs help to compare contrast enhancement in different brain areas. Furthermore, because of the fact that attenuation of contrast enhancement in TRsHI depends strictly on the insonation depth, harmonic imaging studies of brain perfusion cannot be compared directly with other imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography.
Identification and Characterization of Cells with Cancer Stem Cell Properties in Human Primary Lung Cancer Cell Lines (2013)

Lung cancer (LC) with its different subtypes is generally known as a therapy resistant cancer with the highest morbidity rate worldwide. Therapy resistance of a tumor is thought to be related to cancer stem cells (CSCs) within the tumors. There have been indications that the lung cancer is propagated and maintained by a small population of CSCs. To study this question we established a panel of 15 primary lung cancer cell lines (PLCCLs) from 20 fresh primary tumors using a robust serum-free culture system. We subsequently focused on identification of lung CSCs by studying these cell lines derived from 4 representative lung cancer subtypes such as small cell lung cancer (SCLC), large cell carcinoma (LCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC). We identified a small population of cells strongly positive for CD44 (CD44(high)) and a main population which was either weakly positive or negative for CD44 (CD44(low/-)). Co-expression of CD90 further narrowed down the putative stem cell population in PLCCLs from SCLC and LCC as spheroid-forming cells were mainly found within the CD44(high)CD90(+) sub-population. Moreover, these CD44(high)CD90(+) cells revealed mesenchymal morphology, increased expression of mesenchymal markers N-Cadherin and Vimentin, increased mRNA levels of the embryonic stem cell related genes Nanog and Oct4 and increased resistance to irradiation compared to other sub-populations studied, suggesting the CD44(high)CD90(+) population a good candidate for the lung CSCs. Both CD44(high)CD90(+) and CD44(high)CD90(-) cells in the PLCCL derived from SCC formed spheroids, whereas the CD44(low/-) cells were lacking this potential. These results indicate that CD44(high)CD90(+) sub-population may represent CSCs in SCLC and LCC, whereas in SCC lung cancer subtype, CSC potentials were found within the CD44(high) sub-population.
The Whole Structure of the 13-Subunit Oxidized Cytochrome c Oxidase at 2.8 Å (1996)

The crystal structure of bovine heart cytochrome c oxidase at 2.8 A resolution with an R value of 19.9 percent reveals 13 subunits, each different from the other, five phosphatidyl ethanolamines, three phosphatidyl glycerols and two cholates, two hemes A, and three copper, one magnesium, and one zinc. Of 3606 amino acid residues in the dimer, 3560 have been converged to a reasonable structure by refinement. A hydrogen-bonded system, including a propionate of a heme A (heme a), part of peptide backbone, and an imidazole ligand of CuA, could provide an electron transfer pathway between CuA and heme a. Two possible proton pathways for pumping, each spanning from the matrix to the cytosolic surfaces, were identified, including hydrogen bonds, internal cavities likely to contain water molecules, and structures that could form hydrogen bonds with small possible conformational change of amino acid side chains. Possible channels for chemical protons to produce H2O, for removing the produced water, and for O2, respectively, were identified.
Antioxidant activity ofBacopa monniera in rat frontal cortex, striatum and hippocampus (2000)

The effect of a standardized extract of Bacopa monniera Linn. was assessed on rat brain frontal cortical, striatal and hippocampal superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities, following administration for 7, 14 or 21 days. The effects induced by this extract (bacoside A content 82% +/- 0.5%), administered in doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg, orally, were compared with the effects induced by (-) deprenyl (2 mg/kg, p. o.) administered for the same time periods. Bacopa monniera (BM) induced a dose-related increase in SOD, CAT and GPX activities, in all the brain regions investigated, after 14 and 21 days of drug administration. On the contrary, deprenyl induced an increase in SOD, CAT and GPX activities in the frontal cortex and striatum, but not in the hippocampus, after treatment for 14 or 21 days. The results suggest that BM, like deprenyl, exhibits a significant antioxidant effect after subchronic administration which, unlike the latter, extends to the hippocampus as well. The results suggest that the increase in oxidative free radical scavenging activity by BM may explain, at least in part, the cognition- facilitating action of BM, recorded in Ayurvedic texts, and demonstrated experimentally and clinically.
Small peptides elicit anti-tumor effects in CT26 model through blocking PD-L1/PD-1 (TUM2P.900) (2014)

Abstract It is reported that PD-L1 plays an important role in the immune tolerance of tumor, which through its interaction with PD-1 to induce the T cell anergy and/or exhaustion. Blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction by monoclonal antibody has achieved great success during clinical trial against cancer. Thus, development of novel compounds targeting PD-1/PD-L1 is considered to be very useful. In the present study, a series of small peptides which could bind to PD-L1 were firstly screened out by using phage display peptide library. Several peptides showed potent binding affinity towards PD-L1 and could compete with PD-1 protein to bind PD-L1 expressed on 293T cell surface. In the mouse CT26 colon carcinoma model, these peptides elicited potent anti-tumor activity when injected intratumorly. They could also prolong the survival rate with less effect on bodyweight loss compared to chemotheraputic agent 5-FU. Whether these peptides elicit anti-tumor effects through restoring the T cell function are now being investigated. These peptides could be used as novel anti-tumor agents combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Alzheimer-Associated Neuronal Thread Protein-Induced Apoptosis and Impaired Mitochondrial Function in Human Central Nervous System-Derived Neuronal Cells (2001)

In Alzheimer Disease (AD), dementia is due to cell loss and impaired synaptic function. The cell loss is mediated by increased apoptosis, predisposition to apoptosis, and impaired mitochondrial function. Previous studies demonstrated that the AD7c-NTP neuronal thread protein gene is over-expressed in AD beginning early in the course of disease, and that in AD, AD7c-NTP protein accumulation in neurons co-localizes with phospho-tau-immunoreactivity. To determine the potential contribution of AD7c-NTP over-expression to cell loss in AD, we utilized an inducible mammalian expression system to regulate AD7c-NTP gene expression in human CNS-derived neuronal cells by stimulation with isopropyl-1-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). IPTG induction of AD7c-NTP gene expression resulted in increased cell death mediated by apoptosis, impaired mitochondrial function, and increased cellular levels of the p53 and CD95 pro-apoptosis gene products as occur in AD. In addition, over-expression of AD7c-NTP was associated with increased levels of phospho-tau, but not amyloid-beta immunoreactivity. These results suggest that AD7c-NTP over-expression may have a direct role in mediating some of the important cell death cascades associated with AD neurodegeneration, and further establish a link between AD7c-NTP overexpression and the accumulation of phospho-tau in preapoptotic CNS neuronal cells.
Mode-scalable fiber-based chirped pulse amplification systems (2001)

A new generation of compact and robust ultrashort pulse lasers is currently emerging based on rare-earth doped fiber gain media. This paper reviews the development of high-power fiber technology, which recently has led to millijoule energies and /spl sim/10 W average powers from various femtosecond fiber systems. These results indicate that fiber technology has a significant potential to replace conventional solid-state lasers and promises important advantages both for practical use and for achieving high powers and energies. Chirped pulse amplification and different mode-size scaling techniques compose the foundation of this ultrashort-pulse fiber technology. Mode-size scaling can be achieved either by using multimode core fibers, which can produce a diffraction-limited beam at the fiber amplifier output, or by "mode-cleaning" of multimode core fiber output through saturated optical parametric amplification.
Plastic Biliary Stent Occlusion: Factors Involved and Possible Preventive Approaches (2007)

Endoscopic biliary stenting is today the most common palliative treatment for patients suffering from obstructive jaundice associated with malignant hepatobiliary tumors or benign strictures. However, recurrent jaundice, with or without cholangitis, is a major complication of a biliary endoprosthesis insertion. Thus, stent removal and replacement with a new one frequently occurs as a consequence of device blockage caused by microbial biofilm growth and biliary sludge accumulation in the lumen. Factors and mechanisms involved in plastic stent clogging arising from epidemiological, clinical and experimental data, as well as the possible strategies to prevent biliary stent failure, will be reviewed and discussed.
Enhancing the activity of cannabidiol and other cannabinoids in vitro through modifications to drug combinations and treatment schedules. (2013)

Cannabinoids are the bioactive components of the Cannabis plant that display a diverse range of therapeutic qualities. We explored the activity of six cannabinoids, used both alone and in combination in leukaemic cells. Cannabinoids were cytostatic and caused a simultaneous arrest at all phases of the cell cycle. Re-culturing pre-treated cells in drug-free medium resulted in dramatic reductions in cell viability. Furthermore, combining cannabinoids was not antagonistic. We suggest that the activities of some cannabinoids are influenced by treatment schedules; therefore, it is important to carefully select the most appropriate strategy in order to maximise their efficacy.
Applications of Fibrin Sealant in Surgery (2005)

Fibrin sealant has been used with increasing frequency in a variety of surgical field for its unique hemostatic and adhesive abilities. Fibrin sealant mimics the last step of the coagulation cascade and takes place independently of the patient's coagulation status. With rapid advances in minimally invasive surgery, the potential uses for this type of biologic and synthetic material are expanding exponentially. This article reviews the data associated with the application of fibrin sealant in various surgical procedures. From reinforcing gastrointestinal anastomosis to repair perforated duodenal ulcers to mesh fixation in laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair, fibrin sealant is gaining increasing acceptance among surgeons. The applications of fibrin sealant are expanding, and new preparations of fibrin sealant are currently being evaluated.
Selection bias in gene extraction on the basis of microarray gene-expression data (2002)

In the context of cancer diagnosis and treatment, we consider the problem of constructing an accurate prediction rule on the basis of a relatively small number of tumor tissue samples of known type containing the expression data on very many (possibly thousands) genes. Recently, results have been presented in the literature suggesting that it is possible to construct a prediction rule from only a few genes such that it has a negligible prediction error rate. However, in these results the test error or the leave-one-out cross-validated error is calculated without allowance for the selection bias. There is no allowance because the rule is either tested on tissue samples that were used in the first instance to select the genes being used in the rule or because the cross-validation of the rule is not external to the selection process; that is, gene selection is not performed in training the rule at each stage of the cross-validation process. We describe how in practice the selection bias can be assessed and corrected for by either performing a cross-validation or applying the bootstrap external to the selection process. We recommend using 10-fold rather than leave-one-out cross-validation, and concerning the bootstrap, we suggest using the so-called .632+ bootstrap error estimate designed to handle overfitted prediction rules. Using two published data sets, we demonstrate that when correction is made for the selection bias, the cross-validated error is no longer zero for a subset of only a few genes.
Transcription factor AP-2 is expressed in neural crest cell lineages during mouse embryogenesis. (1991)

We have analyzed the expression pattern of transcription factor AP-2 in mouse embryos to evaluate the potential of AP-2 as a regulator during vertebrate development. A partial cDNA encoding AP-2 was isolated from a mouse embryo cDNA library and used to prepare probes to measure AP-2 mRNA levels by RNase protection and RNA in situ hybridization. Between 10.5 and 15.5 days of embryogenesis, the relative abundance of AP-2 mRNA is greatest at 11.5 days and declines steadily thereafter. RNA in situ hybridization analysis of embryos between 8.5 and 12.5 days of gestation identified a novel expression pattern for AP-2. The principle part of this expression occurs in neural crest cells and their major derivatives, including cranial and spinal sensory ganglia and facial mesenchyme. AP-2 is also expressed in surface ectoderm and in a longitudinal column of the spinal cord and hindbrain that is contacted by neural crest-derived sensory ganglia. Additional expression of AP-2 occurs in limb bud mesenchyme and in meso-metanephric regions. This embryonic expression pattern is spatially and temporally consistent with a role for AP-2 in regulating transcription of genes involved in the morphogenesis of the peripheral nervous system, face, limbs, skin, and nephric tissues.
A context modeling algorithm and its application in video compression (2004)

A new algorithm for context modeling of binary sources with application to video compression is presented. Our proposed method is based on a tree rearrangement and tree selection process for an optimized modeling of binary context trees. We demonstrate its use for adaptive context-based coding of selected syntax elements in a video coder. For that purpose we apply our proposed technique to the H.264/AVC standard and evaluate its performance for different sources and different quantization parameters. Experimental results show that by using our proposed algorithm coding gains similar or superior to those obtained with the H.264/AVC CABAC algorithm is achieved.
Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 25975 possesses at least two genes coding for primer-independent glucosyltransferases (1995)

Fractionation of the culture medium showed that Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 25975 secreted a glucosyltransferase (Gtf) that was primer independent. On the basis of this observation, a gene library of S. salivarius chromosomal DNA cloned into lambda L47.1 was screened for a gene(s) coding for such an activity. As a result of this screening process, two new gtf genes, gtfL and gtfM, both of which coded for primer-independent Gtf activities, were isolated. GtfL produced an insoluble glucan that was refractory to digestion by the endo-(1-->6)-alpha-D-glucanase. of Chaetonium gracile, while GtfM produced a soluble glucan that was readily degraded by the glucanase. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of gtfL and gtfM with 10 other available Gtf sequences allowed the relatedness of the conserved catalytic regions to be assessed. This analysis showed that the 12 enzymes did not form clusters based on their primer dependencies or on their product solubilities. Further analysis of the YG repeats in the C-terminal glucan-binding domains of GtfJ, GtfK, GtfL, and GtfM from S. salivarius showed that there was strong homology between a block of contiguous triplet YG repeats present in the four alleles. These blocks of YG repeats were coded for by a region of each gene that appeared to have arisen as a result of a recent duplication event(s).