gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monoclonal antibodies to the thyrotropin receptor: stimulating and blocking antibodies derived from the lymphocytes of patients with Graves disease. (1982)

Human monoclonal antibodies have been generated from heterohybridomas obtained by fusing mouse myeloma cells with peripheral lymphocytes from patients with active Graves disease. This report characterizes four antibodies as presumptive thyrotropin receptor antibodies because they specifically inhibit thyrotropin binding and competitively inhibit thyrotropin-induced cAMP levels in human thyroid cells. Two of these antibodies, 208F7 and 206H3, are representative of autoimmune stimulators in Graves disease sera because they stimulate thyroid function in all assays, including the mouse bioassay; their ability to inhibit thyrotropin-induced cAMP increases in thyroid cells competitively is complemented by more than additive agonism at low (10 pM) thyrotropin concentrations. These stimulating antibodies interact more potently with human thyroid ganglioside preparations than with bovine thyroid or brain gangliosides; in contrast, they are poor inhibitors of 125I-labeled thyrotropin binding to liposomes containing the glycoprotein component of the human thyrotropin receptor. Antibodies 129H8 and 122G3 appear to be representative of inhibiting or "blocking" antibodies in Graves disease sera. Thus they have no intrinsic stimulatory action in assays of thyroid function but rather inhibit thyrotropin activity in the assays tested. These two antibodies do not react with human thyroid gangliosides but are strong inhibitors of thyrotropin binding to liposomes containing the high-affinity glycoprotein component from human, bovine, and rat thyroid membranes. The data unequivocally establish the pluritopic nature of the immunoglobulins in Graves disease and relate individual components or determinants of the thyrotropin receptor structure with specific autoimmune immunoglobulins.
On navigating between friends and foes (1991)

The problem of determining the optimal straight path between a planar set of points is considered. Each point contributes to the cost of a path a value that depends on the distance between the path and the point. The cost function, quantifying this dependence, can be arbitrary and may be different for different points. An algorithm to solve this problem using an extension of the Hough transform is described. The range of applications includes straight-line fitting to a set of points in the presence of outliers, navigation, and path planning. The proposed extended Hough transform can be tuned to equivalent to well-known robust least-squares techniques, and allows efficient, approximate M-estimation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Skeletal tissue and transforming growth factor β (1988)

Normal skeletal growth results from a balance between the processes of bone matrix synthesis and resorption. These activities are regulated by both systemic and local factors. Bone turnover is dynamic, and skeletal growth must be maintained throughout life. Although many growth promoters are associated with bone matrix, it is enriched particularly with transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) activity. Experimental evidence indicates that TGF-beta regulates replication and differentiation of mesenchymal precursor cells, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. Recent studies further suggest that TGF-beta activity in skeletal tissue may be controlled at multiple levels by other local and systemic agents. Consequently, the intricate mechanisms by which TGF-beta regulates bone formation are likely to be fundamental to understanding the processes of skeletal growth during development, maintenance of bone mass in adult life, and healing subsequent to bone fracture.
Real-time process monitoring and temperature mapping of a 3D polymer printing process (2013)

An extended-range IR camera was used to make temperature measurements of samples as they are being manufactured. The objective is to quantify the temperature variation of the parts as they are being fabricated. The IR camera was also used to map the temperature within the build volume of the oven. The development of the temperature map of the oven provides insight into the global temperature variation within the oven that may lead to understanding variations in the properties of parts as a function of build location within the oven. The observation of the temperature variation of a part during construction provides insight into how the deposition process itself creates temperature distributions, which can lead to failure.
Electrical conductivity of tissue at frequencies below 1 MHz (2009)

A two-pronged approach, review and measurement, has been adopted to characterize the conductivity of tissues at frequencies below 1 MHz. The review covers data published in the last decade and earlier data not included in recent reviews. The measurements were carried out on pig tissue, in vivo, and pig body fluids in vitro. Conductivity data have been obtained for skeletal and myocardial muscle, liver, skull, fat, lung and body fluids (blood, bile, CSF and urine). A critical analysis of the data highlights their usefulness and limitations and enables suggestions to be made for measuring the electrical properties of tissues.
Impaired subendocardial contractile myofiber function in asymptomatic aged humans, as detected using MRI (2006)

With aging, structural and functional changes occur in the myocardium without obvious impairment of systolic left ventricular (LV) function. Transmural differences in myocardial vulnerability for these changes may result in increase of transmural inhomogeneity in contractile myofiber function. Subendocardial fibrosis and impairment of subendocardial perfusion due to hypertension might change the transmural distribution of contractile myofiber function. The ratio of LV torsion to endocardial circumferential shortening (torsion-to-shortening ratio; TSR) during systole reflects the transmural distribution of contractile myofiber function. We investigated whether the transmural distribution of systolic contractile myofiber function changes with age. Magnetic resonance tissue tagging was performed to derive LV torsion and endocardial circumferential shortening. TSR was quantified in asymptomatic young [age 23.2 (SD 2.6) yr, n = 15] and aged volunteers [age 68.8 (SD 4.4) yr, n = 16]. TSR and its standard deviation were significantly elevated in the aged group [0.47 (SD 0.12) aged vs. 0.34 (SD 0.05) young; P = 0.0004]. In the aged group, blood pressure and the ratio of LV wall mass to end-diastolic volume were mildly elevated but could not be correlated to the increase in TSR. There were no significant differences in other indexes of systolic LV function such as end-systolic volume and ejection fraction. The elevated systolic TSR in the asymptomatic aged subjects suggests that aging is associated with local loss of contractile myofiber function in the subendocardium relative to the subepicardium potentially caused by subclinical pathological incidents.
복지의존(Welfare Dependency)의 개념 고찰 (2003)

복지의존(welfare dependency)은 공공부조수급을 둘러싼 공공부조수급자의 다차원적 특성을 나타내는 용어이다. 복지의존은 역사적으로 그 시대의 중심가치에 크게 영향을 받아오면서 형성되어 왔으며, 특히 미국의 자본주의적 가치관, 프로테스탄트 윤리, 개인주의적 가치관에 영향을 받은 개념이다. 그러나 본 용어는 학문적 차원, 정책적 차원, 이념적 차원에서 사용되는 맥락에 따라 상이한 의미로 논의되고 있으며, 개념자체가 가지고 있는 순환적 인과관계와 논리적 모호성에 대한 비판이 제기되고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 복지의존은 공공부조 정책에 있어 강력한 영향을 미치고 있으며 이는 다시 공공부조수급자에게 영향을 미치게 되는 것으로 이에 대한 체계적 개념정립이 요구된다. 본 연구는 미국을 중심으로 발전되어온 복지의존의 개념을 광범위하게 고찰하고, 선행연구에서 나타난 복지의존의 특성을 수급기간 측면, 복지급여 측면, 태도 및 가치 측면, 심리적 측면으로 구분하여 각 측면에서 강조하고 있는 개념과 측정방법, 주요 연구결과들을 정리하였다. 연구결과를 통해 복지의존은 공공부조수급자에게서 나타날 수 있는 다면적인 특성이며, 이는 공공부조수급자의 다양한 개인적 특성과 가구요인 특성, 사회경제적 특성, 제도적 특성을 동시에 고려하여 이해해야 한다는 것이다. 이는 복지의존을 무조건 '문제'로서 인식하기 보다는 객관적 요인을 포괄적으로 고려한 판단이어야 하며 동시에 사실을 근거로 하지 않은 이념적, 정치적 용어로 사용되는 것을 경계하는 것이다. 복지의존의 개념고찰은 우리나라에서도 복지의존과 관련된 논의가 일어날 가능성을 예견하며 공공부조제도와 관련된 학문적, 제도적 차원에서의 새로운 시각을 제시할 수 있으리라 본다.
Inhibition of Cancer Cell Invasion by Cannabinoids via Increased Expression of Tissue Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinases-1 (2007)

Increased expression of TIMP-1 mediates an anti-invasive effect of cannabinoids. Cannabinoids may therefore offer a therapeutic option in the treatment of highly invasive cancers.
Induction of Antigen-Specific Tolerance by Oral Administration of Lactococcus lactis Delivered Immunodominant DQ8-Restricted Gliadin Peptide in Sensitized Nonobese Diabetic Ab° Dq8 Transgenic Mice (2009)

Active delivery of recombinant autoantigens or allergens at the intestinal mucosa by genetically modified Lactococcus lactis (LL) provides a novel therapeutic approach for the induction of tolerance. Celiac disease is associated with either HLA-DQ2- or HLA-DQ8-restricted responses to specific antigenic epitopes of gliadin, and may be treated by induction of Ag-specific tolerance. We investigated whether oral administration of LL-delivered DQ8-specific gliadin epitope induces Ag-specific tolerance. LL was engineered to secrete a deamidated DQ8 gliadin epitope (LL-eDQ8d) and the induction of Ag-specific tolerance was studied in NOD AB degrees DQ8 transgenic mice. Tolerance was assessed by delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, cytokine measurements, eDQ8d-specific proliferation, and regulatory T cell analysis. Oral administration of LL-eDQ8d induced suppression of local and systemic DQ8-restricted T cell responses in NOD AB degrees DQ8 transgenic mice. Treatment resulted in an Ag-specific decrease of the proliferative capacity of inguinal lymph node (ILN) cells and lamina propria cells. Production of IL-10 and TGF-beta and a significant induction of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells were associated with the eDQ8d-specific suppression induced by LL-eDQ8d. These data provide support for the development of effective therapeutic approaches for gluten-sensitive disorders using orally administered Ag-secreting LL. Such treatments may be effective even in the setting of established hypersensitivity.
Information Flow Monitor Inlining (2010)

In recent years it has been shown that dynamic monitoring can be used to soundly enforce information flow policies. For programs distributed in source or bytecode form, the use of just-in-time (JIT) compilation makes it difficult to implement monitoring by modifying the language runtime system. An inliner avoids this problem and also serves to provide monitoring for more than one runtime. We show how to inline an information flow monitor, specifically a flow sensitive one previously proved to enforce termination insensitive noninterference. We prove that the inlined version is observationally equivalent to the original.
A 1.6pJ/bit 96% Stable Chip-ID Generating Circuit using Process Variations (2007)

A 128b 6.3pJ/b, 96%-stable chip-ID generation circuit using process variation is designed in a 0.13mum CMOS technology. The circuit consumes 162nW from a 1V supply at low readout frequencies and 6.34muW at 1 Mb/s. Two layout techniques are designed and fabricated to provide a performance comparison of power consumption and ID reliability
A large-scale analysis of mRNA polyadenylation of human and mouse genes (2005)

mRNA polyadenylation is a critical cellular process in eukaryotes. It involves 3' end cleavage of nascent mRNAs and addition of the poly(A) tail, which plays important roles in many aspects of the cellular metabolism of mRNA. The process is controlled by various cis-acting elements surrounding the cleavage site, and their binding factors. In this study, we surveyed genome regions containing cleavage sites [herein called poly(A) sites], for 13,942 human and 11,155 mouse genes. We found that a great proportion of human and mouse genes have alternative polyadenylation ( approximately 54 and 32%, respectively). The conservation of alternative polyadenylation type or polyadenylation configuration between human and mouse orthologs is statistically significant, indicating that alternative polyadenylation is widely employed by these two species to produce alternative gene transcripts. Genes belonging to several functional groups, indicated by their Gene Ontology annotations, are biased with respect to polyadenylation configuration. Many poly(A) sites harbor multiple cleavage sites (51.25% human and 46.97% mouse sites), leading to heterogeneous 3' end formation for transcripts. This implies that the cleavage process of polyadenylation is largely imprecise. Different types of poly(A) sites, with regard to their relative locations in a gene, are found to have distinct nucleotide composition in surrounding genomic regions. This large-scale study provides important insights into the mechanism of polyadenylation in mammalian species and represents a genomic view of the regulation of gene expression by alternative polyadenylation.
A Chemically Functionalized Magnetic Nanoplatform for Rapid and Specific Biomolecular Recognition and Separation (2012)

We have developed a target-molecule-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-based method to facilitate the study of biomolecular recognition and separation. The superparamagnetic property of MNPs allows the corresponding biomolecules to be rapidly separated from crude biofluids with a significant improvement in recovery yield and specificity. Various MNPs functionalized with tag molecules (chitin, heparin, and amylose) were synthesized for recombinant protein purification, and several probe-functionalized MNPs, such as nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA)@MNP and Pk@MNP, exhibited excellent extraction efficiency for proteins. In a cell recognition study, mannose-functionalized MNPs allowed specific purification of Escherichia coli with FimH adhesin on the surface. In an immunoprecipitation assay, the antibody-conjugated MNPs reduced the incubation time from 12 to 1 h while maintaining a comparable efficiency. The functionalized MNPs were also used in a membrane proteomic study that utilized the interaction between streptavidin-functionalized MNPs and biotinylated cell membrane proteins. Overall, the functionalized MNPs were demonstrated to be promising probes for the specific separation of targets from proteins to cells and proteomics.
The Transplantation of an Autogeneic Osteochondral Fragment for Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Knee (1985)

Osteochondritis dissecans in two adults with a large osteochondral defect on the weight-bearing surface was treated by transplantation of an autogeneic osteochondral fragment. The graft was transplanted from the normal portion of the medial femoral condyle, which in extension was in contact with neither patella nor meniscus. The donor site was repaired with an iliac bone fragment. After curettage of the crater, the osteochondral fragment was transfixed with AO mini-cancellous screw(s). Six months after the operation, the grafted cartilage of one patient looked the same as normal cartilage when macroscopically observed and showed no sign of histologic degeneration. At the follow-up examination, the patients were asymptomatic. One patient had a full range of motion two years and three months later; the other three years later. Roentgenographic examinations revealed slight irregularities at the grafted site. There was no significant change in the patellofemoral joint except the concavity of the donor site.
Enhancement of radiation-induced downstaging of rectal cancer by fluorouracil and high-dose leucovorin chemotherapy. (1992)

Despite the fact that patients who received chemotherapy (group 1) had more advanced disease compared with those with resectable disease (group 3), the addition of LV/5-FU increased the resectability and downstaging rates. The ultimate impact of a complete response as well as a decrease in the incidence of pelvic nodes on local control and survival remains to be determined. However, given the enhancement of down-staging in patients with unresectable rectal cancer, we are encouraged by the combined modality approach.
Selective Activation of the B Natriuretic Peptide Receptor by C-Type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP) (1991)

The natriuretic peptides are hormones that can stimulate natriuretic, diuretic, and vasorelaxant activity in vivo, presumably through the activation of two known cell surface receptor guanylyl cyclases (ANPR-A and ANPR-B). Although atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and, to a lesser extent, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) are efficient activators of the ANPR-A guanylyl cyclase, neither hormone can significantly stimulate ANPR-B. A member of this hormone family, C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), potently and selectively activated the human ANPR-B guanylyl cyclase. CNP does not increase guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate accumulation in cells expressing human ANPR-A. The affinity of CNP for ANPR-B is 50- or 500-fold higher than ANP or BNP, respectively. This ligand-receptor pair may be involved in the regulation of fluid homeostasis by the central nervous system.
A comparison between atomic hydrogen abundance as measured by the SCIAMACHY/ENVISAT and SABER/TIMED instruments (2011)

SCIAMACHY (Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric CHartographY) aboard ESA's satellite Envisat and SABER (Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry) on NASA's TIMED satellite both measure atomic hydrogen abundance in the upper mesosphere / lower thermosphere.Both datasets are derived from the measurement of vibrationally excited OH.Differences between the two datasets are discussed with respect to instrument characteristics, spectral ranges, rate constants within the forward model, and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the two measurements.
Catalyst-Assisted Formation of Nanocantilever Arrays on ZnS Nanoribbons by Post-Annealing Treatment (2006)

Nanocantilever arrays were formed on the edges of the +/- (0001) planes of pre-synthesized ZnS nanoribbons via catalyst-assisted post-annealing treatment on Si substrate at 600 degrees C. Similar nanostructures could also be generated when ZnS nanoribbons were annealed by mixing with Si or SiO powder. The formation of nanocantilever arrays is associated with orientation-dependent chemical etching of the +/- (0001) polar surfaces of ZnS nanoribbons. The ability of increasing structural complexity beyond the one-step "thermal evaporation and condensation" synthesis provides a new dimension to the rational design of building blocks for nanodevices.
Constitutive and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-induced LPA production: role of phospholipase D and phospholipase A2. (2000)

Ascitic fluid and plasma from ovarian cancer patients, but not from patients with nongynecological tumors, contain elevated levels of the bioactive phospholipid lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). We show that ovarian cancer cells constitutively produce increased amounts of LPA as compared with normal ovarian epithelium, the precursor of ovarian epithelial cancer, or breast cancer cells. In addition, LPA, but not other growth factors, increases LPA production by the OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cell line but not by normal ovarian epithelium or breast cancer cell lines. We show that phospholipase D activity contributes to both constitutive and LPA-induced LPA production by ovarian cancer cells. Constitutive and LPA-induced LPA synthesis by ovarian cancer cells is differentially regulated with respect to the requirement of specific phospholipase A2 (PLA2) subgroups. Group IB (pancreatic) secretory PLA2 plays a critical role in both constitutive and LPA-induced LPA formation, whereas group IIA (synovial) secretory PLA2 contributes to LPA-induced LPA production only. Calcium-dependent and/or -independent cytosolic PLA2s are required for constitutive LPA synthesis but do not play a role in LPA-induced LPA formation. LPA increases the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells, decreases sensitivity to cisplatin, the most commonly used drug in ovarian cancer, decreases apoptosis and anoikis, increases protease production, and increases production of neovascularization mediators. Thus, an understanding of the source and regulation of LPA production in ovarian cancer patients could identify novel targets for therapy.
Improved xylose and arabinose utilization by an industrial recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain using evolutionary engineering (2010)

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that characterizes the molecular mechanisms for improved mixed-pentose utilization obtained by evolutionary engineering of a recombinant S. cerevisiae strain. Increased transport of pentoses and increased activities of xylose converting enzymes contributed to the improved phenotype.
NASA light emitting diode medical applications from deep space to deep sea (2001)

This work is supported and managed through the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center-SBIR Program. LED-technology developed for NASA plant growth experiments in space shows promise for delivering light deep into tissues of the body to promote wound healing and human tissue growth. We present the results of LED-treatment of cells grown in culture and the effects of LEDs on patients’ chronic and acute wounds. LED-technology is also biologically optimal for photodynamic therapy of cancer and we discuss our successes using LEDs in conjunction with light-activated chemotherapeutic drugs.
Real-time global motion blur detection (2012)

Most video exploitation algorithms operate on individual frames. To effect good results in such applications, the algorithms require good frames with which to work. However, videos may contain artifacts such as blur which inhibit the extraction of inherent and useful information. This paper proposes an algorithm that detects poor video frames induced by global motion blur. The proposed algorithm is divided into two steps: the first of which creates a single image blur metric, and the second of which adds temporal information. The blur metric is derived from a linear least squares fit to the log distribution of the highest subbands in a wavelet-based Haar filters. The second part of the algorithm correlates adjacent frames to boost performance. The ideas presented in this paper are low in complexity yet high in performance. Additionally, the proposed algorithm has been tested on natural video data as well as synthesized blur, and comparisons to state of the art show an advantage in using wavelet-based thresholding.