gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phosphate Pools, Phosphate Transport, and Phosphate Availability (1973)

(gIucose-6- phosphate ) and similar abbreviations for specific esters, P-lipid (phospholipid), P-choline (phosphatyl choline). 2 Throughout this article, solution concentrations will be given as molarities. The tissue content will usually be expressed as miIIimoles (mmoles), micromoles (I'moles) or nano­ moles (nmoles) per gram fresh weight (g fr wt); or else in terms of molarities, where the tissue is taken to be an equivalent volume of water. This should help in comparing solu­ tion and tissue concentrations and the results of different studies. I have made the neces­ sary conversions from other authors' data. Where values have been quoted in terms of dry weight alone, I have made the conversions by assuming dry wt/fresh wt ratios of 0.12, 0.14, and 0.17 for fleshy, normal, and woody tissues. They are sufficiently accurate for my comparisons. Unfortunately, authors do not always make clear the basis of their calculations. Calculations in terms of moles and molarities are free from ambiguity.
Th17-Associated Cytokines as a Therapeutic Target for Steroid-Insensitive Asthma (2013)

Steroid-insensitive asthma is an infrequent but problematic airway disease that presents with persistent symptoms, airflow limitation, or recurrent exacerbations even when treated with steroid-based therapies. Because of unsatisfactory results obtained from currently available therapies for steroid-insensitive asthma, a better understanding of its pathogenesis and the development of new targeted molecular therapies are warranted. Recent studies indicated that levels of interleukin (IL)-17 are increased and both eosinophils and neutrophils infiltrate the airways of severe asthmatics. IL-17 is a proinflammatory cytokine mainly secreted from helper T (Th) 17 cells and is important for the induction of neutrophil recruitment and migration at sites of inflammation. This review focuses on the pathogenetic role of Th17 cells and their associated cytokines in steroid-insensitive asthma and discusses the prospects of novel therapeutic options targeting the Th17 signaling pathway.
A Comparison of Various Surface Finishes and the Effects on the Early Stages of Pore Formation during High Field Etching of SiC (2006)

The effects of initial surface morphology on the early stages of porous SiC formation under highly biased photoelectrochemical etching conditions are discussed. We etched both Si-face and C-face polished n-type 6H SiC with different surface finishes prepared either by mechanical polishing or by chemical mechanical polishing at NOVASiC. For both Si-face and C-face porous SiC samples, a variety of surface and cross sectional porous morphologies, due to different surface finishes, are observed. The proposed explanation is based on the spatial distribution of holes at the interface of the SiC and electrolyte inside the semiconductor.
A review of the randomized controlled trials of tacrine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: methodologic considerations. (1998)

This review examines the features of the 16 randomized controlled trials that have been published on the use of oral tacrine for treating probable Alzheimer's disease and explores the methodologic problems associated with these studies. Patient selection using the standard National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke/Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS/ADRDA) criteria is now a feature of all studies; however, the specificity of the diagnosis, the severity of the dementia, the heterogeneity of the dementia with respect to disease and patient genotype, and the health status of the patients all are factors that may affect responsiveness to therapy. Most studies use crossover designs; however, because of the progressive nature of the disease and the variability in the rate of decline, parallel group studies over a length of time sufficient to produce worsening in disease severity in a placebo group appear to be most suited to detecting clinically relevant therapeutic effects. The close relation between dose, efficacy, and serious adverse events has been a problem in the tacrine trials, since many studies, titrating to maximum tolerated doses, have used clinically ineffective doses. This problem can be circumvented by the use of fixed-dose regimens. Three broad classes of outcome measures have been used to assess treatment efficacy: 1) performance-based tests of cognitive function, 2) global impressions of change on the part of the clinician or care giver, and 3) functional measures of daily living. Including a limited number of each type of measure provides strong evidence of clinically relevant therapeutic benefit; however, more widely accepted and better validated instruments need to be developed for all three areas.
NEOVASCULAR GROWTH FOLLOWING PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY FOR CHOROIDAL HEMANGIOMA AND NEOVASCULAR REGRESSION AFTER INTRAVITREOUS INJECTION OF TRIAMCINOLONE (2006)

LEYS, ANITA M. MD*; SILVA, RUFINO MD, MSC†; INHOFFEN, WERNER PHD‡; TATAR, OLCAY MD‡ Author Information
Increased EEG Current-Source Density in the High Beta Frequency Band Induced by Levetiracetam Adjunctive Therapy in Refractory Partial Epilepsy (2009)

To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the changes in CSD induced by LEV adjunctive therapy in RPE patients. The CSD changes and NPT results suggest that LEV enhances the activities of the neuronal networks in the prefrontal cortex and left hippocampus.
Nucleation and Growth of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes:  A Molecular Dynamics Study (2004)

Molecular dynamics simulations based on an empirical potential energy surface were used to study iron catalyzed nucleation and growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The simulations show that SWNTs grow from iron-carbide particles at temperatures between 800 and 1400 K, whereas graphene sheets encapsulate the particle at temperatures below 600 K and a three-dimensional soot-like structure is formed above 1600 K. Nucleation of these carbon (C) structures can be divided into three stages: (i) at short times the FeC particle is not saturated in C and all C atoms are dissolved in the particle; (ii) at intermediate times the FeC cluster is highly supersaturated in C and carbon strings, polygons and small graphitic islands nucleate on the cluster surface; (iii) at longer times the FeC cluster is supersaturated in C and, depending on the temperature, the graphene sheet, SWNT, or soot-like structure is grown. At low temperatures the kinetic energy is not sufficient to overcome the attractive forces between the particle and the graphitic islands (that are formed in stage ii) and, because these islands cannot lift off the particle, a complete graphene sheet grows around the cluster. At temperatures above 800 K the kinetic energy is sufficiently high to overcome these attractive forces so that the graphitic island lifts off the particle to form a cap. Between 800 and 1400 K theses caps grow into SWNTs, and at temperatures larger than 1600 K the large number of defects in the growing carbon structure produces a soot-like structure. The calculations also reveal that the growing SWNT maintains an open end on the cluster due to the strong bonding between the open nanotube end atoms and the cluster. The number of defects in the SWNT structure can be reduced by lowering the rate of carbon addition to the FeC cluster.
Parameter estimation for probabilistic finite-state transducers (2001)

Weighted finite-state transducers suffer from the lack of a training algorithm. Training is even harder for transducers that have been assembled via finite-state operations such as composition, minimization, union, concatenation, and closure, as this yields tricky parameter tying. We formulate a "parameterized FST" paradigm and give training algorithms for it, including a general bookkeeping trick ("expectation semirings") that cleanly and efficiently computes expectations and gradients.
Quinazolines and 1,4-benzodiazepines. 76. Reactions of some di-4-morpholinylphosphinyloxy imines (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuinazolines and 1,4-benzodiazepines. 76. Reactions of some di-4-morpholinylphosphinyloxy iminesRobert Y. Ning, R. Ian Fryer, Pradeep B. Madan, and Barbara C. SluboskiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 16, 2724–2727Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00878a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00878a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views194Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
PROMETHEUS and DRIVE: their implications for traffic managers (2003)

The European research and development initiatives cited share the common objectives of applying advanced technology to the reduction of road accident risk and improving traffic efficiency. The central theme of PROMETHEUS is the intelligent copilot; the program is focused on systems that aid the driver directly. DRIVE concentrates on the infrastructure of systems. The background on road throughput is discussed. It is concluded that the changes due to DRIVE will come mainly from the application of dynamic route guidance and information systems, and are likely to be evolutionary; those due to PROMETHEUS could increase the maximum effective throughput of roads by between twenty and several hundred percent. However, major problems remain to be solved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Studies on New Utilization of 2-Acetyl-&gamma;-butyrolactone. IV (1957)

Antibacterial activity against Shigella flexneri 2a and Salmonella typhi H 901 W was tested by the serial dilution method with 51 kinds of quinaldine series compounds (I) prepared from 2-acetyl-γ-butyrolactone, 2, 3-dihydro-4-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[3, 2-c]-quinoline series, 2, 3-dihydro-4-methylfuro[3, 2-c]quinoline series, and 2, 3-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]quinoline series. The compounds possessing strong activity against typhoid bacilli all possess hydroxyl in the 8-position of quinoline ring and the ability to form chelation, as oxine, was thought to be the main cause of antibacterial activity.
Results of a Phase 2, Randomized,Vehicle-Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy,Tolerability, and Safety of Daily or Twice Daily SB204 for the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris. (2016)

When compared to vehicle, SB204 2% and SB204 4% significantly decreased the absolute inflammatory lesion count and SB204 4% once daily also significantly decreased the absolute non-inflammatory lesion count in subjects with acne vulgaris treated for 12 weeks. Treatment with SB204 2% and 4% was found to be safe and well tolerated. J Drugs Dermatol. 2016;15(12):1496-1502.
Palmitoylation of Apolipoprotein B Is Required for Proper Intracellular Sorting and Transport of Cholesteroyl Esters and Triglycerides (2000)

Apolipoprotein B (apoB) is an essential component of chylomicrons, very low density lipoproteins, and low density lipoproteins. ApoB is a palmitoylated protein. To investigate the role of palmitoylation in lipoprotein function, a palmitoylation site was mapped to Cys-1085 and removed by mutagenesis. Secreted lipoprotein particles formed by nonpalmitoylated apoB were smaller and denser and failed to assemble a proper hydrophobic core. Indeed, the relative concentrations of nonpolar lipids were three to four times lower in lipoprotein particles containing mutant apoB compared with those containing wild-type apoB, whereas levels of polar lipids isolated from wild-type or mutant apoB lipoprotein particles appeared identical. Palmitoylation localized apoB to large vesicular structures corresponding to a subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum, where addition of neutral lipids was postulated to occur. In contrast, nonpalmitoylated apoB was concentrated in a dense perinuclear area corresponding to the Golgi compartment. The involvement of palmitoylation as a structural requirement for proper assembly of the hydrophobic core of the lipoprotein particle and its intracellular sorting represent novel roles for this posttranslational modification.
Modeling the load resistance in laser-assisted cornea transplantation (2019)

In femtosecond laser assisted keratoplasty different surgical wound profiles can be performed, such as mushroom, zigzag, anvil, Christmas tree, etc. The cut shape is chosen by the surgeon on the basis of patient’s morphology and pathology and on the gained experience. This work aims to qualitatively evaluate the biomechanical load resistance of the different configurations that are currently used in penetrating keratoplasty (PK), in order to support the surgeon’s choice. A 2D and a 3D finite-element biomechanical model of the human cornea was developed and different geometric configurations for PK were designed. The internal pressure was raised until the wound misaligned; wound prolapse then occurred. As a result, we evidenced a different wound resistance to internal loads in the different laser trephined profiles. The anvil profile was more resistant to the increasing internal pressure than was the mushroom or the zig zag pattern. This result is in accordance with the clinical results observed in previously treated patients. The anvil profile enabled the apposition of a restricted number of sutures and early suture removal, thanks to its greater mechanical load resistance. These advantages can contribute to a faster visual recovery in patients undergoing penetrating keratoplasty.
RF free ultrasonic positioning (2004)

All wearable centric location sensing technologies must address the issue of clock synchronisation between signal transmitting systems and signal receiving systems. GPS receivers, for example, compensate for synchronisation errors by incorporating a model of the receiver clock offset in the navigation solution. Drift between satellite clocks is also monitored to keep signal data in synch with GPS time. Most ultrasonic positioning systems solve the synchronisation problem by using a second medium for communication between transmitter and receiver devices. The transmitters in these systems emit RF signals (pings) to indicate the transmission of subsequent ultrasound signals (chirps). By subtracting the arrival time of the ping from that of the chirps, the receiver is able to compute the distance to each transmitter. In this paper, we describe an ultrasonic positioning system that does \emph{not} use RF signals to achieve synchronisation. Instead, it exploits a periodic chirp transmission pattern to model the receiver's position using chirp reception times exclusively. Not only does the system improve on the accuracy of previous technologies but it also eliminates bulky RF circuitry -- a definite advantage for wearable applications where component size and weight are critical for usability.
Wnt signaling in the intestinal epithelium: from endoderm to cancer (2005)

The Wnt pathway controls cell fate during embryonic development. It also persists as a key regulator of homeostasis in adult self-renewing tissues. In these tissues, mutational deregulation of the Wnt cascade is closely associated with malignant transformation. The intestinal epithelium represents the best-understood example for the closely linked roles of Wnt signaling in homeostatic self-renewal and malignant transformation. In this review, we outline current understanding of the physiological role of Wnt signaling in intestinal biology. From this perspective, we then describe how mutational subversion of the Wnt cascade leads to colorectal cancer.
Identity of the putative serine-proteinase fold in proteins of the complement system with nine relevant crystal structures (1993)

The serine-proteinase domain is responsible for the proteolytic events that occur during complement activation. The sequences of nine serine proteinases of known crystal structure were compared with the serine-proteinase sequences in the six complement proteins C1r, C1s, C2, factor B, factor I and factor D to assess the degree of structural homology of the latter with the crystal structures. All sequence insertions and deletions were readily located at the protein surface. The internal location of disulphide bridges and the surface location of putative glycosylation sites are compatible with this structure. Secondary-structure predictions for the sequences were fully consistent with the crystal structures. It is concluded that the double subdomain beta-sheet motif is retained in the complement sequences, but that localized differences are observed for factor I, C2 and factor B.
Selection of new HSF1 and HSF2 DNA-binding sites reveals difference in trimer cooperativity. (1994)

Multiple heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) have been discovered in several higher eukaryotes, raising questions about their respective functions in the cellular stress response. Previously, we had demonstrated that the two mouse HSFs (mHSF1 and mHSF2) interacted differently with the HSP70 heat shock element (HSE). To further address the issues of cooperativity and the interaction of multiple HSFs with the HSE, we selected new mHSF1 and mHSF2 DNA-binding sites through protein binding and PCR amplification. The selected sequences, isolated from a random population, were composed primarily of alternating inverted arrays of the pentameric consensus 5'-nGAAn-3', and the nucleotides flanking the core GAA motif were nonrandom. The average number of pentamers selected in each binding site was four to five for mHSF1 and two to three for mHSF2, suggesting differences in the potential for cooperative interactions between adjacent trimers. Our comparison of mHSF1 and mHSF2 binding to selected sequences further substantiated these differences in cooperativity as mHSF1, unlike mHSF2, was able to bind to extended HSE sequences, confirming previous observations on the HSP70 HSE. Certain selected sequences that exhibited preferential binding of mHSF1 or mHSF2 were mutagenized, and these studies demonstrated that the affinity of an HSE for a particular HSF and the extent of HSF interaction could be altered by single base substitutions. The domain of mHSF1 utilized for cooperative interactions was transferable, as chimeric mHSF1/mHSF2 proteins demonstrated that sequences within or adjacent to the mHSF1 DNA-binding domain were responsible. We have demonstrated that HSEs can have a greater affinity for a specific HSF and that in mice, mHSF1 utilizes a higher degree of cooperativity in DNA binding. This suggests two ways in which cells have developed to regulate the activity of closely related transcription factors: developing the ability to fully occupy the target binding site and alteration of the target site to favor interaction with a specific factor.
Intramuscular dexmedetomidine, a novel alpha2‐ adrenoceptor agonist, as premedication for minor gynaecological surgery (1991)

The effects of three different doses (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 micrograms/kg) of dexmedetomidine, a novel alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, on vigilance, anaesthetic requirements, haemodynamics, and plasma catecholamine levels were investigated in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in 20 healthy (ASA physical status I-II) women scheduled for uterine dilatation and curettage (UD&C). The drug was administered intramuscularly 60 min before induction of anaesthesia with thiopentone, N2O/O2 (70/30%) and thiopentone was used for maintenance. There were no significant differences between the groups in thiopentone requirements, plasma adrenaline concentrations, or subjective or objective assessment of sedation before anaesthesia and UD&C. Blood pressure, heart rate, and plasma noradrenaline levels were reduced after dexmedetomidine, with three patients receiving atropine for excessive bradycardia (less than 45 beats min-1). The haemodynamic as well as the sedative effects of dexmedetomidine after surgery lasted until the end of the observation period, 4 h after the injection of the drug, indicating that intramuscular administration of this premedication agent may result in a longer than optimal duration of pharmacological actions in connection with short surgical procedures.
WLAN Interface Management on Mobile Devices (2008)

The number of smartphones in use is overwhelmingly increasing every year.&#13;\nThese devices rely on connectivity to the Internet for the majority of&#13;\ntheir applications. The ever-increasing number of deployed 802.11 wireless&#13;\naccess points and the relatively high cost of other data services make the&#13;\ncase for opportunistic communication using free WiFi hot-spots. However,&#13;\nthis requires effective management of the WLAN interface, because by&#13;\ndesign the energy cost of WLAN scanning and interface idle operation is &#13;\nhigh and energy is a primary resource on mobile devices.&#13;\n&#13;\n&#13;\nThis thesis studies the WLAN interface management problem on mobile&#13;\ndevices. First, I consider the hypothetical scenario where future&#13;\nknowledge of wireless connectivity opportunities is available, and present&#13;\na dynamic programming algorithm that finds the optimal schedule for the&#13;\ninterface. In the absence of future knowledge, I propose several heuristic&#13;\nstrategies for interface management, and use real-world user traces to&#13;\nevaluate and compare their performance against the optimal algorithm.&#13;\nTrace-based simulations show that simple static scanning with a suitable&#13;\ninterval value is very effective for delay-tolerant, background&#13;\napplications. I attribute the good performance of static scanning to the&#13;\npower-law distribution of the length of the WiFi opportunities of&#13;\nmobile users, and provide guidelines for choosing the scanning interval&#13;\nbased on the statistical properties of the traces. I improve the&#13;\nperformance of static scanning, by 46% on average, using a local cache of&#13;\nprevious scan results that takes advantage of the location hints provided&#13;\nby the set of visible GSM cell towers.
Superlattices of silver nanoparticles passivated by mercaptan (2001)

Two- and three-dimensional superlattices of passivated silver nanoparticles were formed on amorphous carbon films by the self-assembly technique. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results demonstrated that the colloid system was composed of silver nanoparticles and, on the surface of the silver nanoparticles, the chemical bond was formed between the S of the 1-nonanethiol and the Ag of the particle. XRD and transmission electron microscopy also showed that the instability of the silver nanoparticles mainly resulted from the growth of the nanoparticles. Due to the relatively close-packed thiol layer on the surface of the nanoparticle, in the infrared spectra of the silver nanoparticles, absorption peaks of the terminal methyl group and methylene stretching modes were red shifted; meanwhile the transverse modes of the binding absorption disappeared.