gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nucleosomes in Serum as a Marker for Cell Death (2001)

The concentration of nucleosomes is elevated in blood of patients with diseases which are associated with enhanced cell death. In order to detect these circulating nucleosomes, we used the Cell Death Detection-ELISAplus (CDDE) from Roche Diagnostics (Mannheim, Germany) (details at http:\\biochem.roche.com). For its application in liquid materials we performed various modifications: we introduced a standard curve with nucleosome-rich material, which enabled direct quantification and improved comparability of the values within (CVintraassay:3.0-4.11%) and between several runs (CVinterassay:8.6-13.5%), and tested the analytical specificity of the ELISA. Because of the fast elimination of nucleosomes from circulation and their limited stability, we compared plasma and serum matrix and investigated in detail the pre-analytical handling of serum samples which can considerably influence the test results. Careless venipuncture producing hemolysis, delayed centrifugation and bacterial contamination of the blood samples led to false-positive results; delayed stabilization with EDTA and insufficient storage conditions resulted in false-negative values. At temperatures of -20 degrees C, serum samples which were treated with 10 mM EDTA were stable for at least 6 months. In order to avoid possible interfering factors, we recommend a schedule for the pre-analytical handling of the samples. As the first stage, the possible clinical application was investigated in the sera of 310 persons. Patients with solid tumors (n=220; mean=361 Arbitrary Units (AU)) had considerably higher values than healthy persons (n=50; mean=30 AU; p=0.0001) and patients with inflammatory diseases (n=40; mean= 296 AU; p=0.096). Within the group of patients with tumors, those in advanced stages (UICC 4) showed significantly higher values than those in early stages (UICC 1-3) (p=0.0004).
Improved Left Ventricular Mechanics From Acute VDD Pacing in Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Ventricular Conduction Delay (1999)

VDD pacing acutely enhances contractile function in heart failure patients with intraventricular conduction delay. Single-site pacing at the site of greatest delay achieves similar or greater benefits to biventricular pacing in such patients. These data clarify pacing-effect mechanisms and should help in candidate identification for future studies.
Self-aggregates of hydrophobized polysaccharides in water. Formation and characteristics of nanoparticles (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelf-aggregates of hydrophobized polysaccharides in water. Formation and characteristics of nanoparticlesKazunari Akiyoshi, Shigeru Deguchi, Nobuhiro Moriguchi, Shigehiko Yamaguchi, and Junzo SunamotoCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 12, 3062–3068Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00064a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00064a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4288Altmetric-Citations535LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Relaying access points and related business models for low cost mobile systems. (2004)

In this paper we consider provisioning of high bit rate mobile services without the need of complex user terminals or deployment of a full coverage network with a very large number of traditional cellular base stations (access points) Existing broadband, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and cellular solutions are combined with novel technologies such as ad-hoc network and Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna systems in order to obtain high capacity links, highly flexible solutions and support for mobilityt. In the proposed solution we introduce an intermediate access point, or relay, that connects the end-user terminals to either a wireless or fixed network. Thus, a direct high bit rate connection between base stations and user terminals is not required, which would be beneficial both technically and cost wise. The proposed solution enables flexible rollout strategies and small-scale deployment for both traditional mobile operators and local access providers. The new type of equipment can also be owned and deployed by local actors like facility owners, hotels and private persons that imply possibilities for more flexible business models.
Pathogenicity of Live, Attenuated SIV After Mucosal Infection of Neonatal Macaques (1995)

Adult macaques do not develop disease after infection with a nef deletion mutant of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and are protected against challenge with pathogenic virus. This finding led to the proposal to use nef-deleted viruses as live, attenuated vaccines to prevent human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In contrast, neonatal macaques developed persistently high levels of viremia after oral exposure to and SIV nef, vpr, and negative regulatory element (NRE) deletion mutant. Severe hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and CD4+ T cell depletion were observed, indicating that neither nef nor vpr determine pathogenicity in neonates. Because such constructs have retained their pathogenic potential, they should not be used as candidate live, attenuated virus vaccines against human AIDS.
Narrowband position-tuned multilayer interference filter for use in single-mode-fibre systems (1985)

The design and construction of a position-tuned multilayer dielectric interference filter for use in the 1.25–1.30 μm wavelength range is described. Results showing a significant improvement in performance over currently available devices are reported. The performance of this filter in a single-mode to single-mode fibre component is also described with peak efficiencies &gt;80% and Δλ½(FWHM)&lt;13 nm.
c-FLIP, a master anti-apoptotic regulator. (2012)

Cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) is a master anti-apoptotic regulator and resistance factor that suppresses tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Fas-L, and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis, as well as apoptosis triggered by chemotherapy agents in malignant cells. c-FLIP is expressed as long (c-FLIP(L)), short (c-FLIP(S)), and c-FLIP(R) splice variants in human cells. c-FLIP binds to FADD and/or caspase-8 or -10 and TRAIL receptor 5 (DR5) in a ligand-dependent and -independent fashion and forms an apoptosis inhibitory complex (AIC). This interaction in turn prevents death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) formation and subsequent activation of the caspase cascade. c-FLIP(L) and c-FLIP(S) are also known to have multifunctional roles in various signaling pathways, as well as activating and/or upregulating several cytoprotective and pro-survival signaling proteins including Akt, ERK, and NF-kB. Upregulation of c-FLIP has been found in various tumor types, and its silencing has been shown to restore apoptosis triggered by cytokines and various chemotherapeutic agents. Hence, c-FLIP is an important target for cancer therapy. For example, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that specifically knockdown the expression of c-FLIP(L) in diverse human cancer cell lines augmented TRAIL-induced DISC recruitment and increased the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents, thereby enhancing effector caspase stimulation and apoptosis. Moreover, small molecules causing degradation of c-FLIP as well as decreasing mRNA and protein levels of c-FLIP(L) and c-FLIP(S) splice variants have been found, and much effort is focused on developing other c-FLIP-targeted cancer therapies. This review focuses on (1) the anti-apoptotic role of c-FLIP splice variants in preventing apoptosis and inducing cytokine and chemotherapy drug resistance, (2) the molecular mechanisms and factors that regulate c-FLIP expression, and (3) modulation of c-FLIP expression and function to eliminate cancer cells or increase the efficacy of anticancer agents. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Apoptosis: Four Decades Later".
Neurotoxicity of antineoplastic drugs. (1982)

EUROLOGIC SYMPTOMS and signs arise at some point during the treatment of many, perhaps most, patients with malignancies. These may be inconsequential and of obvious cause or debilitating and of obscure mechanism. Major diagnostic dilemmas occur because of the multiplicity of potential neurologic problems: impingement on a nerve or root by the primary tumor, metastasis to the central or peripheral nervous system, meningeal invasion, epidural block, radiation injury, remote effect of malignancy, metabolic or electrolyte imbalance, nutritional deficits, psychologic phenomena, infectious complications, and toxic effects of drugs. Familiarity with neurotoxicity attributable to chemotherapy is thus required for the management of many patients. In the enlarging arsenal of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents, many are occasionally neurotoxic and a few are regularly so. Several agents were exhaustively reviewed in 1974,’ but experience has augmented our understanding of the toxicities of some of these, particularly methotrexate. Moreover, other neurotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs have reached clinical practice since. In this article we will attempt to bring together up-to-date information on the neurotoxicity of those agents that are either commercially available or likely to be used in clinical protocols in the near future. Tables l-7 outline the several types of neurologic effects and responsible agents.
Epoxidation of unsaturated fatty acids by a soluble cytochrome P-450-dependent system from Bacillus megaterium. (1981)

In previous publications from this laboratory we have described a soluble, partially purified cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase complex that, in the presence of NADPH and O2, catalyzes the monohydroxylation of long chain fatty acids, alcohols, and amides at the omega -1, omega -2, and omega -3 positions. We have now found that this preparation catalyzes the epoxidation as well as the hydroxylation of palmitoleic acid and a variety of other monounsaturated fatty acids. The experimental results reported here strongly support the concept that both hydroxylation and epoxidation are catalyzed by an identical cytochrome P-450 complex utilizing the same active and binding sites. Furthermore, for saturating levels of these substrates, the rate-limiting step in oxygenation does not appear to involve substrate structure. Thus, although the position and geometry of the double bond may dramatically affect the rate of epoxidation relative to hydroxylation, the combined rate of substrate oxygenation is essentially a constant independent of this ratio. Finally, we propose and present evidence for an enzyme-substrate binding model that involves polar binding of the carboxyl terminus and strong hydrophobic binding and sequestering of the terminal methyl group of the fatty acid. The three methylene carbons adjacent to the methyl group are positioned in a set geometry around the active site but the midchain region of a monounsaturated fatty acid is relatively free to interact or bind loosely with the enzyme surface in a variety of conformations. Depending on fatty acid structure, one or more of these conformations can bring the unsaturated center close enough to the active site to permit epoxidation of the double bond.
Optically controlled contraction of photosensitive skeletal muscle cells (2011)

As the skeletal muscle cell is an efficient force transducer, it has been incorporated in bio-microdevices using electrical field stimulation for generating contractile patterns. To improve both the spatial and temporal resolutions, we made photosensitive skeletal muscle cells from murine C2C12 myoblasts, which express channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), one of archaea-type rhodopsins derived from green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The cloned ChR2-expressing C2C12 myoblasts were made and fused with untransfected C2C12 to form multinucleated myotubes. The maturation of myotubes was facilitated by electrical field stimulation. Blue LED light pulse depolarized the membrane potential of a ChR2-expressing myotube and eventually evoked an action potential. It also induced a twitch-like contraction in a concurrent manner. A contraction pattern was thus made with a given pattern of LED pulses. This technique would have many applications in the bioengineering field, such as wireless drive of muscle-powered actuators/microdevices.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide generates CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in vivo (2005)

CD4+CD25+ regulatory T (Treg) cells control the immune response to a variety of antigens, including self-antigens, and several models support the idea of the peripheral expansion of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells. Although hormones such as estrogen and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone have been recently reported to expand the CD4+CD25+ Foxp3-expressing Treg cell compartment, little is known about the endogenous factors and mechanisms controlling the peripheral expansion of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells. In this study, we report on the capacity of the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), an immunosuppressive neuropeptide, to induce functional Treg cells in vivo. The administration of VIP together with specific antigen to T cell receptor (TCR)-transgenic (Tg) mice results in the expansion of the CD4+CD25+, Foxp-3/neuropilin 1-expressing T cells, which inhibit responder T cell proliferation through direct cellular contact. In addition to the increase in the number of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells, VIP induces more efficient suppressors on a per-cell basis. The VIP-generated CD4+CD25+ Treg cells transfer suppression, inhibit delayed-type hypersensitivity in TCR-Tg hosts, and prevent graft-versus-host disease in irradiated hosts reconstituted with allogeneic bone marrow.
Deciding when to forget in the Elephant file system (1999)

Modern file systems associate the deletion of a file with the immediate release of storage, and file writes with the irrevocable change of file contents. We argue that this behavior is a relic of the past, when disk storage was a scarce resource. Today, large cheap disks make it possible for the file system to protect valuable data from accidental delete or overwrite.This paper describes the design, implementation, and performance of the Elephant file system, which automatically retains all important versions of user files. Users name previous file versions by combining a traditional pathname with a time when the desired version of a file or directory existed. Storage in Elephant is managed by the system using file-grain user-specified retention policies. This approach contrasts with checkpointing file systems such as Plan-9, AFS, and WAFL that periodically generate efficient checkpoints of entire file systems and thus restrict retention to be guided by a single policy for all files within that file system.Elephant is implemented as a new Virtual File System in the FreeBSD kernel.
Imaging of polarization properties of human retina in vivo with phase resolved transversal PS-OCT (2004)

Recently, we developed a phase resolved polarization sensitive OCT system based on transversal scanning. This system was now improved and adapted for retinal imaging in vivo. We accelerated the image acquisition speed by a factor of 10 and adapted the system for light sources emitting at 820nm. The improved instrument records 1000 transversal lines per second. Two different scanning modes enable either the acquisition of high resolution B-scan images containing 1600x500 pixels in 500ms or the recording of 3D data sets by C-scan mode imaging. This allows acquiring a 3D-data set containing 1000x100x100 pixels in 10 seconds. We present polarization sensitive B-scan images and to the best of our knowledge, the first 3D-data sets of retardation and fast axis orientation of fovea and optic nerve head region in vivo. The polarizing and birefringence properties of different retinal layers: retinal pigment epithelium, Henle's fiber layer, and retinal nerve fiber layer are studied.
Prospective Multicenter Evaluation of the Beckman Coulter Prostate Health Index Using WHO Calibration (2012)

The Prostate Health Index can be calculated using Hybritech or WHO standardized assays. It significantly improved prediction of the biopsy outcome over that of percent free or prostate specific antigen alone.
Regional mapping of prion proteins in brain. (1992)

Scrapie is characterized by the accumulation of a protease-resistant isoform of the prion protein PrPSc. Limited proteolysis and chaotropes were used to map the distribution of PrPSc in cryostat sections of scrapie-infected brain blotted onto nitrocellulose membranes, designated histoblots. Proteolysis was omitted in order to map the cellular isoform of the prion protein (PrPC) in uninfected brains. Compared with immunohistochemistry, histoblots increased the sensitivity for PrPSc detection and showed different patterns of PrPSc accumulation. In Syrian hamsters with Sc237 scrapie, the most intense PrPSc signals occurred in sites with relatively little PrPC, suggesting that aberrant localization of prion protein may be an important feature in the pathogenesis of prion diseases. Immunostaining of PrPSc in white-matter tracts suggested that prions spread along neuroanatomical pathways. PrPSc immunostaining in histoblots was quantitated by densitometry, permitting assessment of the extent of PrPSc accumulation within specific structures. Histoblots were also useful in localizing PrPCJD and beta/A4-amyloid peptide in the brains of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and Alzheimer disease, respectively.
Photoinduced Release of Zn2+ with ZinCleav-1: a Nitrobenzyl-Based Caged Complex (2009)

Caged complexes are metal ion chelators that release analytes when exposed to light of a specific wavelength. The synthesis and properties of ZinCleav-1, a cage for Zn(2+) that fragments upon photolysis, is reported. The general uncaging strategy involves integrating a nitrobenzyl group on the backbone of the ligand so that a carbon-heteroatom bond is cleaved by the photoreaction. The caged complex was obtained using a new synthetic strategy involving a Strecker synthesis to prepare a key aldehyde intermediate. ZinCleav-1 has a K(d) of 0.23 pM for Zn(2+) as measured by competitive titration with [Zn(PAR)(2)] (PAR = 4-(2-pyridyl-2-azo) resorcinol). The quantum yield for ZinCleav-1 is 2.4% and 0.55% for the apo and Zn(2+) complex, respectively. The ability of ZinCleav-1 to increase free [Zn(2+)] is calculated theoretically using the binding constants for the uncaged photoproducts, and demonstrated practically by using a fluorescent sensor to image the liberated Zn(2+). Free Zn(2+) may function as a neurotransmitter and have a role in the pathology of several neurological diseases. Studying these physiological functions remains challenging because Zn(2+) is silent to most common spectroscopic techniques. We expect ZinCleav-1 to be the first in a class of caged complexes that will facilitate biological investigations.
Automated mosaicing with super-resolution zoom (2002)

We describe mosaicing for a sequence of images acquired by a camera rotating about its centre. The novel contributions are in two areas. First, in the automation and estimation of image registration: images
Recovery, Persistence, and Sequelae in Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Perspective on Long-Term Outcome (2000)

Hepatitis C has emerged in recent years as the most common basis for liver disease in the United States, having infected an estimated 3.9 million people in this country and an estimated 170 million worldwide. Currently, it is the predominant reason for undergoing liver transplantation. The disease it causes is characterized by silent onset in most infected individuals, a high rate of viral persistence, and the potential for development of ever-worsening chronic liver disease, ranging from chronic hepatitis to cirrhosis and occasionally to hepatocellular carcinoma. Such progression, when it occurs, is also most commonly a silent process that may take 20-40, and occasionally even more, years to reach its end point. Because of these characteristics, it has been exceedingly difficult to accurately assess the natural history. Efforts to accomplish this have consisted of retrospective, prospective, and cohort studies. The most concerning data have derived from the retrospective study approach, generally performed at tertiary referral centers. Because these centers commonly attract persons with existing chronic liver disease, they have tended to describe a high rate of progression to cirrhosis and cancer. This "referral bias" is avoided in the prospective and cohort study approach, and data derived from these studies indicate a lower rate of progression and a correspondingly higher rate of either recovery or minimal liver disease. In this review, we briefly describe potential mechanisms of viral persistence; present detailed information on outcomes that have derived from retrospective, prospective, and cohort studies, involving both adults and children; examine the data regarding progression of fibrosis and of progression to hepatocellular carcinoma; consider cofactors that might enhance liver disease progression; and report the emerging data that suggest that spontaneous viral clearance may be higher than is currently believed. We conclude with the view that severe, life-threatening, progressive liver disease clearly occurs in a sizable minority (perhaps 30%) of chronically infected persons but speculate that fibrosis progression is neither linear or inevitable and hence that most hepatitis C virus carriers will have either a stable nonprogressive course or such indolent progression that they will die from an unrelated disease before the severe sequelae of hepatitis C become manifest or will have a sustained "curative" response to therapy. Although this view provides reasonable hope to the hepatitis C virus-infected individual, it does not deny the enormous burden this infection presents as the result of its high prevalence and global distribution. The sheer magnitude of the infected population will result in a large number with severe life-threatening liver disease even if the proportion of infected individuals that develop progressive disease is relatively small.