gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In-process sensing in selective laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing (2016)

Additive manufacturing and specifically metal selective laser melting (SLM) processes are rapidly being industrialized. In order for this technology to see more widespread use as a production modality, especially in heavily regulated industries such as aerospace and medical device manufacturing, there is a need for robust process monitoring and control capabilities to be developed that reduce process variation and ensure quality. The current state of the art of such process monitoring technology is reviewed in this paper. The SLM process itself presents significant challenges as over 50 different process input variables impact the characteristics of the finished part. Understanding the impact of feed powder characteristics remains a challenge. Though many powder characterization techniques have been developed, there is a need for standardization of methods most relevant to additive manufacturing. In-process sensing technologies have primarily focused on monitoring melt pool signatures, either from a Lagrangian reference frame that follows the focal point of the laser or from a fixed Eulerian reference frame. Correlations between process measurements, process parameter settings, and quality metrics to date have been primarily qualitative. Some simple, first-generation process control strategies have also been demonstrated based on these measures. There remains a need for connecting process measurements to process models to enable robust model-based control.
Frequency of mutations in the gene encoding the alpha subunit of rod cGMP-phosphodiesterase in autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. (1999)

The PDE6A gene appears to account for roughly 3% to 4% of families with recessive RP in North America. A compilation of the pathogenic mutations in PDE6A and those reported in the homologous gene PDE6B encoding the beta subunit of rod cGMP-phosphodiesterase shows that the cGMP-binding and catalytic domains are frequently affected.
Expression of cellular oncogenes in the myocardium during the developmental stage and pressure-overloaded hypertrophy of the rat heart. (1988)

Proto-oncogenes have been revealed to participate in normal cell proliferation as well as in cell transformation. Since cardiac myocytes are terminally differentiated, they cannot divide except in the fetal period. To determine the role of cellular oncogenes in the growth of the heart, the expression pattern of eight cellular oncogenes during the developmental stage and pressure-overloaded hypertrophy of the rat hearts were examined in vivo. Northern blot analysis was performed with eight oncogene probes (myc, fos, Ha-ras, src, erbA, erbB, sis, myb). Pressure overload increased the levels of cellular (c-) fos, c-myc, and c-Ha-ras. An increase of c-fos and c-myc was detected at 30 minutes and 2 hours, respectively; the levels peaked at 8 hours, and they returned to baseline by 48 hours after aortic constriction. However, the level of c-Ha-ras showed a gradual increase. During the course of development, the expression of c-myc was detectable only in the embryonic stage, whereas the expression of c-fos was not detected in the fetal period, was increased after birth, and peaked in 200-day-old adults. The expression of c-Ha-ras was almost the same throughout the development. Cellular oncogenes were expressed in the heart in response to pressure overload and in a stage-specific manner. These results suggest that cellular oncogenes may participate in the normal developmental process and hypertrophy of hearts and that the cellular hypertrophy induced by pressure overload may share a similar mechanistic pathway with cell proliferation.
Use of Virtual Environments in Motor Learning and Rehabilitation (2002)

The purpose of this chapter is to describe how virtual environments (VEs) can be utilized
to facilitate motor learning in normal subjects and to enhance the rehabilitation of disabled
subjects.The chapter begins with a review of relevant literature on the use of VEs for training
sensorimotor tasks in normal populations in two main areas, spatial-motor and navigation
learning studies. Next, clinical literature on the potential and actual applications of VEs to the
field of rehabilitation is reviewed. Advantages and disadvantages for the use of VEs, discovered
through these studies, are identified and discussed.
Heparin Treatment of Deep Venous Thrombosis Without Venography (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1981Heparin Treatment of Deep Venous Thrombosis Without VenographyARMIN E. GOOD, M.D.ARMIN E. GOOD, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-95-4-515_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Moser and LeMoine (1) have found the combination of radiofibrinogen scanning and impedence plethysmography reliable in detecting and localizing deep venous thrombosis as proximal or distal. In their series, measured against the venogram, plethysmography missed no cases of proximal deep venous thrombosis and was dogged by no false-positive findings. The radiofibrinogen scanning likewise produced no false-negative but did show three positive readings for thrombosis associated with negative venograms. Noting mounting evidence that deep venous thrombosis limited to the calf is associated with very low danger for ensuing pulmonary embolism, they implied that clinicians may now be at...References1. MOSERLEMOINE KJ. Is embolic risk conditioned by location of deep venous thrombosis? Ann Intern Med. 1981;94(Part 1):439-44. LinkGoogle Scholar2. SIMPSONROBINSONBARKLOSOWSKY FPMM. Prospective study of thrombophlebitis and "pseudothrombophlebitis." Lancet. 1980;1:331-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. KAHNGANUZA MC. Ruptured popliteal cyst and thrombophlebitis. Arthritis Rheum. 1977;20:1560-1. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. GIBBONSPHILLIPSPROSSOR DMI. Ruptured popliteal cyst simulating deep vein thrombosis with false positive radiofibrinogen uptake. Postgrad Med J. 1975;51:735-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. RICHARDS A. Ruptured popliteal cyst and pyogenic arthritis. Br Med J. 1981;282:1120-1. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ARMIN E. GOOD, M.D.Affiliations: Veterans Administration Medical Center Ann Arbor, MI 48105. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1981Volume 95, Issue 4Page: 515-515KeywordsDeep vein thrombosisHeparinPulmonary embolism ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1981 PDF downloadLoading ...
Splanchnic Block at T11 Provides a Longer Relief than Celiac Plexus Block from Nonmalignant, Chronic Abdominal Pain (2019)

Improvement in pain scores was from 7.24 ± 1.0 to 4.1 ± 2.1 for celiac, and 7.8 ± 0.8 to 2.9 ± 2.1 for splanchnic at 4 weeks. Duration of the splanchnic nerve block was superior, median of 56 days versus only 21 days for celiac plexus block. Conclusion: T11 bilateral splanchnic block provided significantly longer relief from chronic nonmalignant abdominal pain, than celiac plexus block (p = 0.001). Reduction in pain severity was more with splanchnic compared with celiac block (p = 0.029).
Effects of power-supply parasitic components on substrate noise generation in large-scale digital circuits (2002)

Activity controllable noise source and arrayed substrate voltage detectors use a 0.25-/spl mu/m, 2.5-V CMOS technology and enable substrate noise measurements with controlled logic density/activity distributions. These circuits are used for exploring effects of power-supply parasitic components on substrate noise generation in practical large-scale CMOS digital circuits. Spatially distributed parasitic impedances on power-supply and return wirings cause the noise generation locally, and moreover, screen the effect of noise attenuation by parasitic capacitances of logic elements working as charge reservoirs.
Characterization of the Fc receptor for IgG on a human macrophage cell line, U937. (1980)

Since the U937 cell line expresses many characteristics of normal human monocytes and macrophages, we studied in detail its receptors for IgG by measuring direct binding and inhibition of binding of 16 radioiodinated human myeloma proteins representative of the 4 subclasses. As with normal monocytes, IgG1 and IgG3 bound most efficiently (17.3 and 15.7% bound), IgG4 less readily (7.1% bound), and IgG2 least readily (0.6% bound). Scatchard plots of IgG1 binding showed approximately 18,000 binding sites/cell with Ka approximately 10(8) liter/mol. IgG1 binding was inhibited equally well by IgG1 and IgG3 (50% inhibition with 0.26 +/- 0.03 and 0.26 +/- 0.09 microgram, respectively). IgG4 inhibited less readily (0.68 +/- 0.12 microgram). Three IgG2 proteins were not inhibitory (115 +/- 59) but one IgG2 myeloma inhibited well (0.89 +/- 0.47). IgG Fc fragments inhibited IgG1 binding 1000-fold more efficiently than Fab fragments, IgM, and IgA. Reciprocal inhibition experiments gave no indication of multiple receptor sites of differing specificities. In situ, the IgG1 receptor was resistant to proteases. The data suggest that the U937 Fc receptor may be a useful model of human macrophage structure and function.
Defining the impact of β-catenin/Tcf transactivation on epithelial stem cells (2005)

Wnt signaling has been implicated in stem cell (SC) biology, but little is known about how stabilized beta-catenin functions within native SC niches. We address this by defining the impact of beta-catenin stabilization on maintenance, proliferation, and lineage commitment of multipotent follicle SCs when in their native niche and in culture. We employ gain of function mutations and inducible loss of function mutations to demonstrate that beta-catenin stabilization is essential for promoting the transition between SC quiescence and conversion to proliferating transit amplifying (TA) progeny. We transcriptionally profile purified SCs isolated directly from wild-type and elevated beta-catenin follicles in both resting and activated states to uncover the discrete set of genes whose expression in native SCs is dependent upon beta-catenin stabilization. Finally, we address the underlying mechanism and show that in the SC niche, Wnt signaling and beta-catenin stabilization transiently activate Lef1/Tcf complexes and promote their binding to target genes that promote TA cell conversion and proliferation to form the activated cells of the newly developing hair follicle. We also show that these changes precede subsequent Wnt signals that impact on the TA progeny to specify the differentiation lineages of the follicle.
Equilibriums involved in prothrombin- and blood-clotting factor X-membrane binding (1977)

The study of prothrombin- and factor X-membrane interaction by light-scattering intensity measurements at 90 degrees is reported. This technique, which uses a fluorometer as a light-scattering photometer, can be applied to measurement of free and membrane-bound protein concentrations, from which equilibrium constants can be obtained. The following equilibria adequately describe the observed properties of prothrombin-membrane interaction (formula: see text) where P and PL are protein and phospholipid, PiCa and PLjCa are the calcium complexes, P'iCa is the protein after undergoing a calcium dependent transition, and P'-PLi+j+mCa is the protein-membrane complex. Several lines of evidence indicate that i, j, and m are interrelated and m decreases to 0 when i and j are saturated. In agreement with this, direct calcium binding measurements indicate m values of 3.2 +/- 1.5 and 1.1 +/- 1.5 at 0.5 and 1.2 mM calcium, respectively. The total number of functional calcium ions in the complex (i + j + m) is 6 to 9 based on Hill coefficients for the reactions and direct calcium binding measurements. In reaction 3, the maximum stoichiometry of calcium per acidic phospholipid is 1:2. While the details of factor X-membrane binding were not determined in quite as great detail, the equilibria (identified) appear the same but a major difference is the calcium concentration needed to initiate protein-membrane binding.
Practice parameters for treatment of fistula-in-ano (1996)

Diseases of the Colon & Rectum: December 1996 - Volume 39 - Issue 12 - p 1361-1372 doi: 10.1007/BF02054525
Physiological roles of matrix metalloproteinases: implications for tumor growth and metastasis (1999)

Physiological processes involving remodelling of the extracellular matrix, such as wound healing, embryogenesis, angiogenesis, and the female reproductive cycle, require the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). This group of proteases degrades basal membranes and connective tissues and plays an essential role in the homeostasis of the extracellular matrix. An imbalance in the expression or activity of MMPs can have important consequences in diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, or the development of cancers. Because of the pathophysiological importance of MMPs, their activity is highly controlled in order to confine them to specific areas. An activation cascade, initiated by the proteolysis of plasminogen, cleaves proMMPs, and every step is controlled by specific activators or inhibitors. MMPs destabilize the organization of the extracellular matrix and influence the development of cancer by contributing to cell migration, tumor cell proliferation, and angiogenesis. Accordingly, these proteases possess an important role in cell-matrix interactions by affecting fundamental processes such as cell differentiation and proliferation. Therefore, the characterization of MMPs involved in specific types and stages of tumors will significantly improve the diagnosis and treatment of these cancers in humans.
Effects of refractive-index mismatch on three-dimensional optical data-storage density in a two-photon bleaching polymer (1998)

Reported is an investigation into the effect of spherical aberration caused by the mismatch of the refractive indices between the recording material and its immersion medium on the three-dimensional optical data-storage density in a two-photon bleaching polymer. It is found both theoretically and experimentally that spherical aberration can be compensated for by a change in the tube length at which a microscope objective is operated in recording and reading processes. After compensation for the spherical aberration it is possible to achieve a three-dimensional recording density of 3.5 Tbits/cm(3) for a commercial objective with a numerical aperture of 1.4.
Combination of oxaliplatin and irinotecan on human colon cancer cell lines: activity in vitro and in vivo (2001)

The in vitro and in vivo combination of oxaliplatin and irinotecan was investigated in a panel of four human colon cancer cell lines and their counterpart xenografts. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated a synergistic or additive interaction in three cell lines (HCT-116, HCT-8 and HT-29) and an antagonism in SW-620 cells. Since there were clearly opposite interactions depending on the cell line, we further investigated cellular determinants possibly involved in the interaction between the two drugs in HCT-8 and SW-620 cells. Irinotecan slowed down the early platinum-DNA adducts repair (1 h after oxaliplatin exposure) in the presence of irinotecan only in HCT-8 cells (p=0.03, n=3). Moreover, a decrease of the expression of two proteins of the nucleotide excision repair (NER) system, ERCC1 and XPA, was observed. None of these effects was seen in SW-620 cells. Irinotecan induced apoptosis with an increase of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage in SW-620 cells (60 versus 7% basal level). Pretreatment of these cells with oxaliplatin abolished the increase in PARP cleavage induced by irinotecan (29%). In HCT-8 cells, a very little PARP cleavage was observed whatever the drug treatment. The persistence of platinum-DNA adducts in the presence of irinotecan could be due to a direct impact of irinotecan on NER gene expression or to an indirect effect on topoisomerase I activity. Complementary studies are required to determine if the cellular parameters identified in this study could be translated at the clinical level to predict clinical response after combined treatment with oxaliplatin and irinotecan in humans.
Nucleolin expressed at the cell surface is a marker of endothelial cells in angiogenic blood vessels (2003)

A tumor-homing peptide, F3, selectively binds to endothelial cells in tumor blood vessels and to tumor cells. Here, we show that the cell surface molecule recognized by F3 is nucleolin. Nucleolin specifically bound to an F3 peptide affinity matrix from extracts of cultured breast carcinoma cells. Antibodies and cell surface biotin labeling revealed nucleolin at the surface of actively growing cells, and these cells bound and internalized fluorescein-conjugated F3 peptide, transporting it into the nucleus. In contrast, nucleolin was exclusively nuclear in serum-starved cells, and F3 did not bind to these cells. The binding and subsequent internalization of F3 were blocked by an antinucleolin antibody. Like the F3 peptide, intravenously injected antinucleolin antibodies selectively accumulated in tumor vessels and in angiogenic vessels of implanted "matrigel" plugs. These results show that cell surface nucleolin is a specific marker of angiogenic endothelial cells within the vasculature. It may be a useful target molecule for diagnostic tests and drug delivery applications.
Structure of sulfated glucuronyl glycolipids in the nervous system reacting with HNK-1 antibody and some IgM paraproteins in neuropathy. (1986)

Novel sulfated glucuronic acid-containing glycolipids have been identified in the nervous system. These glycolipids are highly antigenic and share antigenic determinants with several nervous system glycoproteins, such as neural cell adhesion molecules, myelin-associated glycoprotein, and ependymins. The structure of the major antigenic glycolipid from human peripheral nerve was determined by chemical and enzymatic degradation, incorporation studies, sugar analysis after permethylation, pertrimethylsilylation, and gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques as well as fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry of the native antigen. The following structure was established for the major antigenic glycolipid. sulfate-3-GlcA beta(1---3)Gal beta(1----4)GlcNAc beta(1----3)Gal beta(1----4)Glc beta(1----1)-ceramide. The major fatty acids in the ceramide were 18:0, 18:1, 24:0, and 24:1, with C18-sphingenine as the long chain base.
A 32 kb Critical Region Excluding Y402H in CFH Mediates Risk for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2011)

Complement factor H shows very strong association with Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD), and recent data suggest that multiple causal variants are associated with disease. To refine the location of the disease associated variants, we characterized in detail the structural variation at CFH and its paralogs, including two copy number polymorphisms (CNP), CNP147 and CNP148, and several rare deletions and duplications. Examination of 34 AMD-enriched extended families (N = 293) and AMD cases (White N = 4210 Indian = 134; Malay = 140) and controls (White N = 3229; Indian = 117; Malay = 2390) demonstrated that deletion CNP148 was protective against AMD, independent of SNPs at CFH. Regression analysis of seven common haplotypes showed three haplotypes, H1, H6 and H7, as conferring risk for AMD development. Being the most common haplotype H1 confers the greatest risk by increasing the odds of AMD by 2.75-fold (95% CI = [2.51, 3.01]; p = 8.31×10(-109)); Caucasian (H6) and Indian-specific (H7) recombinant haplotypes increase the odds of AMD by 1.85-fold (p = 3.52×10(-9)) and by 15.57-fold (P = 0.007), respectively. We identified a 32-kb region downstream of Y402H (rs1061170), shared by all three risk haplotypes, suggesting that this region may be critical for AMD development. Further analysis showed that two SNPs within the 32 kb block, rs1329428 and rs203687, optimally explain disease association. rs1329428 resides in 20 kb unique sequence block, but rs203687 resides in a 12 kb block that is 89% similar to a noncoding region contained in ΔCNP148. We conclude that causal variation in this region potentially encompasses both regulatory effects at single markers and copy number.
Pediatric drug surveillance and the food and drug administration's adverse event reporting system: an overview of reports, 2003–2007 (2008)

This overview highlights the need for strengthening the passive drug surveillance system from a pediatric perspective, as well as investing in more active surveillance systems. Drug safety initiatives to better capture risk information in order to balance the risk/benefit of drug use in children.
Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions to Beta-Lactam Antibiotics (1987)

Allergic reactions to the beta-lactam antibiotics (penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and monobactams) are a major factor limiting their use. Immediate hypersensitivity reactions to penicillins depend on the presence of preformed allergic (IgE) antibodies to several penicillin determinants. These materials can be used in in-vivo skin testing to exclude those patients at risk for immediate or accelerated allergic reactions. The cephalosporins have not had their relevant determinants defined as related to allergic reactions. The results of in-vivo challenges of patients with IgE to penicillin suggest the incidence of reactivity of cephalosporins in patients allergic to penicillin is less than generally appreciated. The monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic, aztreonam (a monobactam), failed to show cross-reactivity with penicillin antibodies, because immune reactivity toward the monobactam was directed against side chain rather than nuclear determinants. On the other hand, the new bicyclic carbapenem beta-lactam drugs, represented by imipenem, showed extensive in-vivo cross-reactivity with penicillins.
The stomach, cholecystokinin, and satiety. (1986)

The stomach of the rhesus monkey empties liquids in a fashion that varies with the character of the solutions. Physiological saline empties exponentially. Glucose solutions empty biphasically--rapidly for the first minutes, then slowly and proportionately to glucose concentration to deliver glucose calories through the pylorus at a regulated rate (0.4 kcal/min). This prolonged and regulated second phase of gastric emptying depends on intestinal inhibition of the stomach. Cholecystokinin (CCK), a hormone released by food in the intestine, is an inhibitor of gastric emptying. In vitro receptor autoradiography demonstrates CCK receptors to be clustered on the circular muscle of the pylorus. Exogenous CCK, in doses that inhibit gastric emptying, will reduce food intake only if combined with an infusion of saline in the stomach. These observations indicate how gastric distension can be a means for provoking satiety. The variably sustained distension produced by the stomach's slow, calorically regulated emptying could prolong intermeal intervals and thus permit high-calorie meals to inhibit further caloric intake over time. CCK, by directly inhibiting gastric emptying during a meal, could promote gastric distension and so restrict the duration and size of individual meals.