gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isoleucyl-tRNA Synthetase Mutations in Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates and In Vitro Selection of Low-Level Mupirocin-Resistant Strains (2003)

Additionally, a low-level resistance to mupirocin (LLR-Mup) in S. aureus emerged as the result of independent, spontaneous mutational events within the usual chromosomal isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (ileS) gene, with the mutations occurring only with unsuitable usage of mupirocin (5).Hence, we compared the ileS gene sequences obtained from mupirocin-susceptible MRSA (SA-7S) and those obtained from mupirocin-resistant MRSA (SA-7R) (4) where the resistance was acquired by in vitro selection from the original strain (SA-7S).In recent studies using isolates from Europe and North America, ileS gene mutation points correlating with LLR-Mup were reported (1).In this study, we report on ileS gene fulllength sequences from LLR-Mup MRSA strains, which were isolated in Japan and compared with those of the reported ileS gene mutation for molecular heterogeneity in isolates (1).A total of 258 MRSA isolates from different patients in 15 hospitals at the Tohoku area, Japan, were investigated.The MIC of mupirocin was determined by E-test (AB Biodisk, Solna, Sweden) (9).By the results of this susceptibility test, six strains (SA-1 to -6) were LLR-Mup (Table 1).The SA-7R strain was initially a mupirocin-susceptible strain (SA-7S; MIC, 0.025 g/ml) but developed LLR-Mup (MIC, 16 g/ml) following seven cycles of serial passage while being exposed to one-half the MIC of mupirocin by the agar dilution method (4).Genomic DNAs of these eight strains (SA-1 to SA-6, 7S, and 7R) were extracted by a method described elsewhere (6).The entire ileS gene was amplified by PCR as previously described (1).IleS-1 (5Ј-TACCGCGAGCAATCGTCCCT-3Ј) and IleS-2 (5Ј-TGTTGGCATCGTGGGCATAG-3Ј) were de-
Microencapsulation of antigens using biodegradable polyesters: facts and phantasies. (1997)

New vaccination approaches and new delivery systems have been subject of intensive research activities recently. Controlled release vaccine delivery systems depend on the microencapsulation of antigens into biodegradable polymers, yielding small spherical polymeric particles, in the size range of 1-100 microns. By manipulating the micromorphology of the microparticles and degradation properties of the polymer either continuous or pulsatile release patterns can be adjusted. As biodegradable polymers mainly copolymers of lactic- and glycolic acid have been utilized, since these materials are known to be biocompatible and non-toxic. Apart from modulation of antigen release, an improvement of the adjuvant effect and an increase of in vitro (shelf-life) and in vivo stability of the antigen are issues of general interest with respect to parenteral vaccine delivery systems. Using different microparticles that release antigens in a pulsatile pattern at predetermined timepoints one hopes to induce protective immunity by a single administration of the vaccine delivery system. Using tetanus toxoid (TT) as a model antigen we have examined the stability during preparation, in vitro release and storage of TT microparticles. TT is a complex protein mixture sensitive to changes in pH conditions (pH < 5) and to thermal stress. TT microparticles can be prepared by a W/O/W double emulsion technique with satisfactory encapsulation efficiencies in good yields. In accordance with other investigators we observe an adjuvant effect of TT microspheres in mice upon sc administration leading to a long-lasting antibody response. In challenge experiments we could demonstrate a protective effect. The issue of an ideal release pattern remains open, since a boosting of the antibody titers during the bioerosion of the TT microspheres was not observed, possibly due to desactivation of TT in the degrading microspheres.
Efficient checkpointing on MIMD architectures (1993)

Presented here are efficient algorithms for checkpointing on MIMD architectures. These algorithms have been implemented on two representative machines: a shared-memory multiprocessor, and a message-passing multicomputer. The algorithms and implementations are evaluated according to three speed metrics: checkpoint time, overhead, and latency.
Checkpointing is important as a general means of software fault-tolerance. It is also the backbone of certain program control utilities, such as job-swapping, process migration, and playback debugging. We employ several techniques to minimize the invasiveness of the checkpointer on the target program. Such techniques are main memory checkpointing, copy-on-write, buffering, compression, and the elimination of bottlenecks and extra control messages.
The major result of this dissertation is that we can implement efficient checkpointing on MIMD architectures, thereby enhancing the usability of such machines.
The expansion of the metazoan microRNA repertoire (2006)

Our results suggest that microRNA innovation is an ongoing process. Major expansions of the metazoan miRNA repertoire coincide with the advent of bilaterians, vertebrates, and (placental) mammals.
DAGchainer: a tool for mining segmental genome duplications and synteny (2004)

Given the positions of protein-coding genes along genomic sequence and probability values for protein alignments between genes, DAGchainer identifies chains of gene pairs sharing conserved order between genomic regions, by identifying paths through a directed acyclic graph (DAG). These chains of collinear gene pairs can represent segmentally duplicated regions and genes within a single genome or syntenic regions between related genomes. Automated mining of the Arabidopsis genome for segmental duplications illustrates the use of DAGchainer.
Ionic and Electronic Transport in Metal Fluoride Conversion Electrodes (2013)

Materials that undergo a lithium conversion reaction often accommodate more than one Li per transition metal, and are promising candidates for high-capacity electrodes for lithium batteries. However, little is known about the mechanisms involved in the conversion process, the origins of the large polarization during electrochemical cycling, and why some materials are reversible (e.g., FeF2) while others are not (e.g., CuF2). We investigated the conversion reaction of metal fluorides, FeF2 and CuF2, to better understand the mechanisms underlying their contrasting electrochemical behavior. Lithium conversion of FeF2 results in the formation of an interconnected network of small iron nanoparticles (&lt; 5nm), which may provide a pathway for electron transport and a high interfacial area between the Fe and LiF phases. Conversely, lithium conversion of CuF2 results in the formation of large isolated Cu particles, which may partially explain the poor reversibility in the CuF2 system.
Scarcity of IT workers is the mother of recruiter innovations (1999)

Companies are using new, high-tech techniques to find skilled IT workers more efficiently. For example, the Web has changed the way employers can screen candidates. Web-accessible databases enable employers to screen hundreds of resumes in seconds. Recruiting executives agree that the efficiencies generated by centralized databases generate huge savings per hire, in cash and time. Job seekers are also adapting their methods to make their availability and qualifications known. With the single click of a button, job seekers can post their resumes to one or more sites, and Internet service providers have a simple way to collect resumes and route them. Nonetheless, analysts and service providers agree that posting jobs or resumes on Web sites is just one of many avenues employers and workers can use. Companies still value career fairs, on-campus interviews, advertising, and promotional publications.
Use of transcriptional synergy to augment sensitivity of a splicing reporter assay (2006)

A primary limitation in the development and use of screens to identify factors that regulate mammalian pre-mRNA splicing has been the development of sensitive reporter assays. Alternative splicing typically involves relatively small (< 10-fold) changes in isoform ratios. Therefore, reporter constructs designed to allow direct analysis of isoform expression historically have at most a 10-fold window of discrimination between a positive signal and background. Here we describe the design and application of a reporter cell line that makes use of the phenomenon of transcriptional synergy to amplify the detection of changes in splicing, such that a three- to five-fold change in splicing pattern is observed as a 30- to 50-fold change in GFP expression. Using this cell line we have identified two small molecules, from a library of approximately 300 synthetic compounds, that can induce partial repression of a variable exon from the CD45 gene. We propose that the concept of transcription-based amplification of signal will allow the development of true high-throughput screening approaches to identify effectors of mammalian alternative splicing.
TOBACCO AS A POTENTIAL FOOD SOURCE AND SMOKE MATERIAL: NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF TOBACCO LEAF PROTEIN (1980)

ABSTRACT Tobacco leaf proteins are well balanced, containing high levels of essential amino acids. This communication reports the content of soluble leaf protein during different stages of development, and its quality as predicted by chemical analysis and confirmed by biological evaluation. Results show tobacco leaf protein are at the top of the plant protein range in nutritive quality and thus could provide viable food by‐products from the HLC process. Both Fl protein and soluble leaf proteins could be excellent supplements for cereal diets consumed by world populations.
Mobility in collaboration (1998)

Article Free Access Share on Mobility in collaboration Authors: Paul Luff WIT Research Group, King's College, Campden Hill Road, London, W8 7AH, UK WIT Research Group, King's College, Campden Hill Road, London, W8 7AH, UKView Profile , Christian Heath WIT Research Group, King's College, Campden Hill Road, London, W8 7AH, UK WIT Research Group, King's College, Campden Hill Road, London, W8 7AH, UKView Profile Authors Info & Claims CSCW '98: Proceedings of the 1998 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative workNovember 1998 Pages 305–314https://doi.org/10.1145/289444.289505Published:01 November 1998Publication History 311citation4,323DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations311Total Downloads4,323Last 12 Months174Last 6 weeks35 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Pathological findings in acute experimental spinal cord trauma (1971)

✓ This study shows that spinal cord pathology secondary to acute trauma in monkeys evolves with stepwise sequential changes. The acute damage is more central than peripheral. Depending on the amount of trauma, the subacute damage may be limited to central gray necrosis or may progress or evolve to include the neighboring white matter. These pathological changes may be taking place even in the presence of clinical improvement.
The Structure of Human Lipoprotein A-I (1999)

The two main competing models for the structure of discoidal lipoprotein A-I complexes both presume that the protein component is helical and situated around the perimeter of a lipid bilayer disc. However, the more popular "picket fence" model orients the protein helices perpendicular to the surface of the lipid bilayer, while the alternative "belt" model orients them parallel to the bilayer surface. To distinguish between these models, we have investigated the structure of human lipoprotein A-I using a novel form of polarized internal reflection infrared spectroscopy that can characterize the relative orientation of protein and lipid components in the lipoprotein complexes under native conditions. Our results verify lipid bilayer structure in the complexes and point unambiguously to the belt model.
A semantic tool to support navigation in a folksonomy (2007)

We propose a new approach to integrate the navigation interface of a folksonomy adding explicit semantics provided by an ontology. We describe a tool that uses WordNet to build a semantic hierarchy of related tags that helps users find related resources in del.icio.us. In this way it is possible to combine the advantages of the traditional approach to classification with the ones of the collaborative paradigm that is emerging on the Web, dealing with some of the main limitations to which folksonomies are prone.
Immunoglobulin-Like Transcript 3-Fc Suppresses T-Cell Responses to Allogeneic Human Islet Transplants in hu-NOD/SCID Mice (2008)

The data indicated that ILT3-Fc is a potent immunoregulatory agent that suppressed islet allograft rejection in humanized NOD/SCID mice.
Microfluidic device based on a micro-hydrocyclone for particle–liquid separation (2011)

This paper presents theoretical analysis, design, simulation, fabrication and test of a microfluidic device ('Micro-hydrocyclone') for separation of micron and submicron size solid particles from liquid in a particle liquid mixture. A theoretical analysis of the micro-hydrocyclone is performed to understand the physics and develop suitable design models. The structure of the proposed device is designed based on the Bradley model, as it offers lower cut-size thus making it suitable for microfluidics applications. The operational parameters are derived from the dimensional group model. The particle separation process inside the micro-hydrocyclone is simulated by solving fluid flows using Navier-Stokes equations and particle dynamics using a Lagrangian approach in a Eulerian fluid. The influence of inlet velocity and density on separation efficiency is investigated. The device is fabricated with SU-8 photoresist on a PMMA substrate using a combination of photolithography and micro-milling. Experiments are performed to demonstrate particle-liquid separation using polystyrene microbeads suspended in PBS as the feed sample. The influence of inlet velocity and particle size on particle separation efficiency is measured and compared with that obtained from simulations and a good match was found. The proposed device can be easily integrated with micro-environments thus it is suitable for lab-on-chip and microsystems development. The device may have applications in chemical analysis, materials research, point-of-care, blood sample preparation and other biomedical applications.
Quenched Phonon Drag in Silicon Microcontacts (1986)

The thermoelectric power of silicon decreases precipitously when the dimensions of a microcontact are reduced below a critical value. The critical dimension $L$ decreases with rising temperature $T$ and is a measure for an interaction length of electron-phonon coupling. The dimensional reduction inhibits the phonon-drag contribution to the thermoelectric power; the predicted scaling with ${L}^{\ensuremath{-}1}{T}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ is verified for the first time.
THE BIOCHEMISTRY OF AIDS (1991)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Detailed analysis of the portion of the herpes simplex virus type 1 genome encoding glycoprotein C (1983)

We previously showed that the right third of HindIII fragment L (0.59 to 0.65) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) encodes a family of mRNAs some members of which appear to be related by splicing. In the experiments described in this communication, we determined the nucleotide sequence of the DNA encoding this mRNA family and precisely located the mRNAs associated with this DNA sequence. The major mRNA species is unspliced and encoded by a 2.520-nucleotide region. Just upstream of the 5' end are TATA and CAT box sequences characteristic of HSV-1 promoters. The 3' end maps near a region containing a nominal polyadenylation signal. Three minor species (2,400, 2,200, and 1,900 bases, respectively) appear to share a very short leader sequence with the 5' end of the major mRNA and are then encoded by uninterrupted DNA sequences beginning about 100, 400, and 625 bases downstream of the 5' end of the major unspliced mRNA. These positions map at or very near positions which agree reasonably well with consensus splice acceptor sequences. The fourth mRNA is encoded by a contiguous 730-nucleotide sequence at the 3' end of the major unspliced mRNA and has its 5' end just downstream of recognizable TATA and CAT box sequences. We suggest that this mRNA is controlled by its own promoter. The nucleotide sequence data, in combination with the mRNA localization, demonstrate four potential polypeptides encoded by the region. The largest is 1,569 bases long and defines a 523-amino acid protein with sequence features characteristic of a glycoprotein. This was confirmed to be HSV-1 glycoprotein C by immune precipitation of the in vitro translation product of the major unspliced mRNA, performed with a polyspecific antibody to HSV-1 envelope glycoproteins (anti-env-1 serum), and by comparison of tryptic peptides of this translation product with those of authentic HSV-1 glycoprotein C. Polypeptides encoded by some of the minor species also were tentatively identified.
Rayleigh crosstalk in long cascades of distributedunsaturated Raman amplifiers (1999)

Rayleigh crosstalk caused by the double Rayleigh reflection of a signal is investigated in long systems consisting of distributed Raman amplifiers. A simple equation for the crosstalk-to-signal ratio is presented and it is shown that bidirectional pumping reduces crosstalk. Power penalties arising from the crosstalk are evaluated using a Gaussian crosstalk model.
Demonstration of a new antinuclear antibody (ANTI‐RA33) that is highly specific for rheumatoid arthritis (1989)

Using immunoblot analysis with soluble nuclear extracts from HeLa cells, we identified autoantibodies to an antigen with a molecular weight of approximately 33,000 in 36% of 95 sera from rheumatoid arthritis patients, but in only 1 of 170 controls. The antigen, termed RA33, was resistant to DNase and RNase digestion but sensitive to proteinase K treatment. There was no discernible relation to other autoantibodies. Thus, this newly described autoantibody appears to be highly specific for rheumatoid arthritis.
Blood–brain barrier impairment in Alzheimer disease (2007)

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment is a stable characteristic over 1 year and present in an important subgroup of patients with Alzheimer disease. Age, gender, APOE status, vascular risk factors, and baseline Mini-Mental State Examination score did not explain the variability in BBB integrity. A role for BBB impairment as a modifier of disease progression is suggested by correlations between CSF-albumin index and measures of disease progression over 1 year.
Control of Efficiency, Brightness, and Recombination Zone in Light‐Emitting Field Effect Transistors (2012)

The split-gate light emitting field effect transistors (SG-LEFETs) demonstrate a new strategy for ambipolar LEFETs to achieve high brightness and efficiency simultaneously. The SG architecture forces largest quantity of opposite charges on Gate 1 and Gate 2 area to meet in the center of the channel. By actively and independently controlling current injection from separated gate electrodes within transporting channel, high brightness can be obtained in the largest injection current regime with highest efficiency.
Utility of Topiramate for the Treatment of Patients with Chronic Migraine in the Presence or Absence of Acute Medication Overuse (2009)

Chronic migraine has been linked to the excessive use of acute headache medications. Medication overuse (MO) is commonly considered the most significant risk factor for the progression of migraine from an episodic to a chronic condition. Managing MO is a challenge. Discontinuation of the acute medication can result in withdrawal headache, nausea, vomiting and sleep disturbances. This review summarizes the results from two similarly designed, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicentre studies of chronic migraine conducted in the USA and European Union. Both studies demonstrate the efficacy and safety of the migraine preventive medication, topiramate, for the treatment of chronic migraine in patient populations both with and without MO. These studies may have important implications for the future of chronic migraine management, suggesting that detoxification prior to initiating prophylactic therapy may not be required in all patients if MO is present.
Regulatory Mechanism of the Factor IX Gene (1995)

Supported by National Institutes of Health grant HL38644 to K.K. and funds from the Hemophilia Foundation of Michigan, in addition to the University of Michigan Multipurpose Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Disease Center (NIH-5-P60-AR20557), the Geriatric Center (NIH-P30-AG08808), and the General Clinical Research Center (NIH-M01-RR00042).
The analytical calculation of absorption in multifaceted crystals (1995)

The exact analytic method of evaluating the absorption during scattering in multifaceted convex crystals is developed in a way that permits efficient computation. A fast and accurate algorithm is given for finding the Howells polyhedra whose determination is fundamental to the analytic method. The algorithm allows for the evaluation of cases when the sample is only partly illuminated, can be adapted to more general situations and can be used to generate an estimate of the error in the computation. In most cases this is to 1 part in 1014. Results of standard tests are given to greater accuracy than previously available and results for multifaceted approximations to a cylinder and a sphere are given to illustrate the power of the method.
An Effective Prodrug Strategy to Selectively Enhance Ocular Exposure of a Cannabinoid Receptor (CB1/2) Agonist (2013)

Glaucoma is a leading cause of vision loss and blindness, with increased intraocular pressure (IOP) a prominent risk factor. IOP can be efficaciously reduced by administration of topical agents. However, the repertoire of approved IOP-lowering drug classes is limited, and effective new alternatives are needed. Agonism of the cannabinoid receptors CB1/2 significantly reduces IOP clinically and experimentally. However, development of CB1/2 agonists has been complicated by the need to avoid cardiovascular and psychotropic side effects. 1 is a potent CB1/2 agonist that is highly excluded from the brain. In a phase I study, compound 1 eyedrops were well tolerated and generated an IOP-lowering trend but were limited in dose and exposure due to poor solubility and ocular absorption. Here we present an innovative strategy to rapidly identify compound 1 prodrugs that are efficiently metabolized to the parent compound for improved solubility and ocular permeability while maintaining low systemic exposures.
Role of cathepsin S-dependent epithelial cell apoptosis in IFN-γ-induced alveolar remodeling and pulmonary emphysema (2005)

Zheng T., M. J. Kang, K. Crothers, Z. Zhu, W. Liu, C. G. Lee, L. A. Rabach, H. A. Chapman, R. J. Homer, D. Aldous, G. DeSanctis, S. Underwood, M. Graupe, R. A. Flavell, J. A. Schmidt, and J. A. Elias. 2005. Role of cathepsin S-dependent epithelial cell apoptosis in IFN-γ-induced alveolar remodeling