gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seismic-to-Simulation for Unconventional Reservoir Development (2011)

Abstract The completion strategy and hydraulic fracture stimulation are the keys to economic success in unconventional reservoirs. Therefore, reservoir engineering workflows in unconventional reservoirs need to focus on completion and stimulation optimization as much as they do well placement and spacing. This well-level focus requires the integration of hydraulic fracture modeling software and the ability to utilize measurements specific to unconventional reservoirs. This paper details a comprehensive integration of software, data, and specialized measurements specific to unconventional reservoirs that allows efficient full-cycle seismic-to-simulation evaluations. It is very important to properly model hydraulic fracture propagation and hydrocarbon production mechanisms in unconventional reservoirs, a significant departure from conventional reservoir simulation workflows. Seismic-to-simulation workflows in unconventional reservoirs require hydraulic fracture models that properly simulate complex fracture propagation which is common in many unconventional reservoirs, algorithms to automatically develop discrete reservoir simulation grids to rigorously model the hydrocarbon production from complex hydraulic fractures, and the ability to efficiently integrate microseismic measurements with geological and geophysical data. The introduction of complex hydraulic fracture propagation models now allows these work-flows to be implemented. This paper documents an efficient, yet rigorous, integration of geological and geophysical data with complex fracture models, single-well completion and stimulation focused reservoir simulation, and microseismic measurements. The implementation of a common software platform and the development of specialized gridding algorithms allow complex hydraulic fracture models to be calibrated using microseismic measurements in the context of local geology and structure. The complex hydraulic fracture geometry, including the distribution of proppant, is automatically gridded to a common Earth Model for single-well reservoir simulation. The software platform, newly developed complex hydraulic fracture models, and automated gridding algorithms are illustrated in a case history from the Barnett Shale unconventional gas play.
Single-Site Organozirconium Catalyst Embedded in a Metal–Organic Framework (2015)

A structurally well-defined mesoporous Hf-based metal-organic framework (Hf-NU-1000) is employed as a well-defined scaffold for a highly electrophilic single-site d(0) Zr-benzyl catalytic center. This new material Hf-NU-1000-ZrBn is fully characterized by a variety of spectroscopic techniques and DFT computation. Hf-NU-1000-ZrBn is found to be a promising single-component catalyst (i.e., not requiring a catalyst/activator) for ethylene and stereoregular 1-hexene polymerization.
Filled Skutterudite Antimonides: A New Class of Thermoelectric Materials (1996)

A class of thermoelectric materials has been synthesized with a thermoelectric figure of merit ZT (where T is temperature and Z is a function of thermopower, electrical resistivity, and thermal conductivity) near 1 at 800 kelvin. Although these materials have not been optimized, this value is comparable to the best ZT values obtained for any previously studied thermoelectric material. Calculations indicate that the optimized material should have ZT values of 1.4. These ternary semiconductors have the general formula RM4X12 (where R is lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, or europium; M is iron, ruthenium, or osmium; and X is phosphorus, arsenic, or antimony) and represent a new approach to creating improved thermoelectric materials. Several alloys in the composition range CeFe4-xCoxSb12 or LaFe4-xCoxSb12 (0 < x < 4) have large values of ZT.
Fabrication of a polymer-coated silver hollow optical fiber with high performance (2006)

The techniques for fabricating a hollow optical fiber with an inner silver layer and a cyclic olefin polymer (COP) layer have been improved to reduce the surface roughness of these two layers. The loss spectrum was thereby drastically reduced over a wide wavelength range, from visible to near infrared. Optimization of the COP layer thickness resulted in low loss simultaneously at several key laser wavelengths. Infrared hollow fiber with low loss was developed for Er:YAG and Nd:YAG lasers. It can also deliver green and red pilot beams with low loss. Use of this fiber in therapeutic and pilot lasers should prove useful for research and development in laser medicine.
ANTIBODY-ANTIGEN COMPLEXES (1990)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Soil-Structure Interaction in RC Frame Buildings from Strong-Motion Recordings (2011)

In this study, Soil-structure interaction (SSI) of Reinforced Concrete (RC) buildings which are instrumented by building monitoring systems is detected and identified. SSI can have a major influence on the seismic response of buildings constructed on soft soils. The dominant frequency recorded for a building subjected to SSI is always smaller than the dominant frequencies of the fixed-based building, and of the foundation when no building is present. The identification of SSI refers to extracting natural frequencies of the fixed-based building and the foundation from recordings of the foundation and upper stories. This interaction can be identified easily from the dynamic characteristics of the structure obtained by using seismic vibration records on the structures and if in addition to the records from the building, there are also free-field surface records available from nearby locations that are not influenced by building&amp;#039;s vibrations. Two examples are studied according to the mentioned method by using their recorded responses during the two strongest earthquakes nearby Antakya since 2006.
eIF2B: recent structural and functional insights into a key regulator of translation (2015)

The eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) eIF2B is a key regulator of mRNA translation, being the guanine nt exchange factor (GEF) responsible for the recycling of the heterotrimeric G-protein, eIF2, which is required to allow translation initiation to occur. Unusually for a GEF, eIF2B is a multi-subunit protein, comprising five different subunits termed α through ε in order of increasing size. eIF2B is subject to tight regulation in the cell and may also serve additional functions. Here we review recent insights into the subunit organization of the mammalian eIF2B complex, gained both from structural studies of the complex and from studies of mutations of eIF2B that result in the neurological disorder leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter (VWM). We will also discuss recent data from yeast demonstrating a novel function of the eIF2B complex key for translational regulation.
Drug-induced Senescence Generates Chemoresistant Stemlike Cells with Low Reactive Oxygen Species (2011)

Tumor recurrence after chemotherapy or radiation remains a major obstacle to successful cancer treatment. A subset of cancer cells, termed cancer stem cells, can elude conventional treatments and eventually regenerate a tumor that is more aggressive. Despite the large number of studies, molecular events that govern the emergence of aggressive therapy-resistant cells with stem cell properties after chemotherapy are poorly defined. The present study provides evidence for the rare escape of tumor cells from drug-induced cell death, after an intermediate stay in a non-cycling senescent stage followed by unstable multiplication characterized by spontaneous cell death. However, some cells appear to escape and generate stable colonies with an aggressive tumor stem cell-like phenotype. These cells displayed higher CD133 and Oct-4 expression. Notably, the drug-selected cells that contained low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) also showed an increase in antioxidant enzymes. Consistent with this in vitro experimental data, we observed lower levels of ROS in breast tumors obtained after neoadjuvant chemotherapy compared with samples that did not receive preoperative chemotherapy. These latter tissues also expressed enhanced levels of ROS defenses with enhanced expression of superoxide dismutase. Higher levels of Oct-4 and CD133 were also observed in tumors obtained after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Further studies provided evidence for the stabilization of Nrf2 due to reduced 26 S proteasome activity and increased p21 association as the driving signaling event that contributes to the transition from a high ROS quiescent state to a low ROS proliferating stage in drug-induced tumor stem cell enrichment.
Regulation of the C/EBP-related gene gadd153 by glucose deprivation. (1993)

gadd153 encodes a CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)-related protein that lacks a functional DNA-binding domain. Since the gadd153 protein is capable of heterodimerizing with other C/EBPs, gadd153 may function as a negative regulator of these transcription factors. Here we examined the role of glucose in regulating gadd153 expression. We found that glucose deprivation markedly induces gadd153 mRNA levels in both HeLa and 3T3-L1 cells and that addition of D-(+)-glucose resulted in a rapid decrease of gadd153 mRNA. Similar induction and reversal of gadd153 expression were observed at the protein level. Because C/EBP alpha appears to play an important role in regulating genes involved in adipogenesis and energy metabolism, we examined gadd153 expression during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and as a function of glucose utilization in differentiated adipocytes. Using a standard differentiation protocol that consisted of hormonal stimulation for 2 days followed by medium changes every 2 days thereafter, we observed that both C/EBP alpha and gadd153 mRNAs were elevated. However, C/EBP alpha induction occurred on day 3, while gadd153 expression was not seen until day 4, when the cells were fully differentiated. Frequent addition of fresh medium to the cells during the differentiation process, as well as supplementation of medium with glucose, reduced gadd153 expression without preventing C/EBP alpha expression or interfering with cellular differentiation. Thus, gadd153 expression is not essential for the process of adipocyte differentiation but is significantly influenced by the availability of glucose to the cell.
Real-world performance and utility of a noninvasive gene expression assay to evaluate melanoma risk in pigmented lesions (2018)

About 3 million surgical pigmented skin lesion biopsies are performed each year in the USA alone to diagnose fewer than 200 000 new cases of invasive melanoma and melanoma in situ using the current standard of care that includes visual assessment and histopathology. A recently described noninvasive adhesive patch-based gene expression rule-out test [pigmented lesion assay (PLA)] may be helpful in identifying high-risk pigmented skin lesions to aid with surgical biopsy decisions. The main objective of this utility study was to determine the real-world clinical performance of PLA use and assess how the PLA changes physician behavior in an observational cohort analysis of 381 patients assessed with the PLA. All (100%) of 51 PLA(+) test results were clinically managed with surgical biopsy. Of these, 19 (37%) were melanomas, corresponding to a number needed to biopsy of 2.7 and a biopsy ratio of 1.7. All melanomas were histopathologically classified as melanoma in situ or stage 1. Nearly all (99%) of 330 PLA(-) test results were clinically managed with surveillance. None of the three follow-up biopsies performed in the following 3-6 months, were diagnosed as melanoma histopathologically. The estimated sensitivity and specificity of the PLA from these data sets are 95 and 91%, respectively. Overall, 93% of PLA results positive for both LINC00518 and PRAME were diagnosed histopathologically as melanoma. PRAME-only and LINC00518-only lesions were melanomas histopathologically in 50 and 7%, respectively. The PLA alters clinical management of pigmented lesions and shows high clinical performance. The likelihood of positive histopathologic diagnosis of melanoma is higher in PLA results that are positive for both LINC00518 and PRAME.
Autologous fibrin tissue adhesive biodegration and systemic effects (1987)

A series of experiments was conducted to investigate the rate of Autologous Fibrin Tissue Adhesive (AFTA) degradation by the fibrinolysis inhibitor, epsilon amino caproic acid (EACA). The duration of AFTA clots in vitro, subcutaneous, and in the middle ear was prolonged for a time interval that was proportional to the concentration of EACA in Component II of the adhesive. No toxic reactions were observed in the middle or inner ear. Systemic pathology (thrombosis or emboli) could not be related to the presence of EACA applied in the middle ear or directly into the blood stream at concentrations (mg/kg body weight) up to 1,500 times that expected to occur during surgery on humans.
ESPGHAN 49th ANNUAL MEETING of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (2016)

Objectives and study:<br/>Nutrition in infants and preschool children has been suggested to influence the risk of later obesity. However, the evidence for this association is conflicting and few studies have investigated this prospectively or considered the role of energy and specific macronutrients. Here we report a systematic review and meta-analyis of studies that tested the hypothesis that nutrition in the preschool period, between the ages of 6 months and 3 years, is associated with later obesity risk.<br/><br/>Methods:<br/>MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL databases were searched from January 1988 to June 2015 for studies reporting nutritional intake in infants and preschool children aged 6-36 months and later measures of obesity. Bibliographies of included studies were hand searched and authors and other experts consulted to identify omissions. We included all studies that investigated dietary energy and/or macronutrient intake during 6-36 months in relation to later measures of obesity. Methodological quality was assessed using the Downs and Black checklist designed specifically to appraise both randomised and non-randomised studies. The checklist was adapted to include aspects of particular relevance to studies investigating nutritional exposures. Two reviewers independently scored studies against the 28 item checklist which included questions on study reporting, external validity, internal validity (bias and confounding), and statistical power. A statistician independently scored questions relating to statistical methods and their decision was final. Data from studies amenable to meta-analysis were analysed using STATA (StataCrop 12, Texas). For continuous outcomes, results were expressed as standardised mean difference (SMD) between the high and low protein intake groups. For dichotomous outcomes, results for each study were expressed as relative risk (RR). Both dichotomous and continuous outcomes were presented with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Between-study heterogeneity was assessed by the Q and I2 statistics.<br/><br/>Results:<br/>24 eligible articles (comprising 16 primary studies) were included in a narrative synthesis, and 13 studies in a random-effects meta-analysis. A higher protein intake was associated with later risk of obesity in 15 studies. In 13 studies included in the meta-analysis protein in the preschool period was associated with higher BMI z-score later in childhood (pooled effect size: 0.28 z-scores, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.35)(Figure 1). There was no significant hererogeneity between studies (I2 0.0%, p = 0.932). Associations of energy, fat and carbohydrate were inconclusive.<br/><br/>Conclusion:<br/>Our findings suggest that nutrition and particularly high protein intake in infants and preschool children is important for risk of later obesity. Although further experimental data are required to establish causality, these findings suggest that optimising the protein intake of these children could be important for their long term health.
Gastrin-Induced Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Barrett’s Carcinogenesis (2004)

COX-2 is up-regulated early in the Barrett's metaplasia sequence. During carcinogenesis, gastrin is a significant determinant of COX-2 activity levels via the CCK(2) receptor.
Integrin Expression and Osteopontin Regulation in Human Fetal Osteoblastic Cells Mediated by Substratum Surface Characteristics (2005)

Integrin-mediated adhesion of anchorage-dependent cells to scaffolds is a critical component of tissue engineering. We investigated integrin expression by the human fetal osteoblastic cell line, hFOB 1.19 (hFOB), as a function of substratum surface wettability. The influence of surface wettability on bone cell phenotype was also examined. Plasma-treated quartz (PTQ) and glass (PTG) (hydrophilic, contact angles of 0 degrees), octadecyltrichlorosilane-treated quartz (STQ) and glass (STG) (hydrophobic, contact angles above about 100 degrees), and tissue culture polystyrene were used for cell culture. hFOB cells cultured on hydrophilic substrata displayed well-developed actin stress fibers relative to cells on hydrophobic substrata. Western blot analysis revealed that hFOB cells cultured on hydrophobic substrata (STQ or STG) express lower levels of alphav and beta3 integrin subunits than do cells on hydrophilic substrata (PTQ or PTG). This effect was more pronounced in cells on STQ than on STG. These variations in integrin expression were lessened by extended culture time. Double- labeled integrin/actin immunofluorescence confirmed Western blot results, that is, cells cultured on PTQ displayed distinct, large plaques of alphav and beta3 subunits and integrin alphavbeta3, as well as their colocalization with actin stress fiber ends, whereas cells on STQ did not display integrin plaques after 24 h and displayed only minimal plaque formation after 3 days. Vinculin, a focal adhesion protein that mediates binding between the integrin and actin cytoskeleton, appeared in Western blots to mimic the variations of alphav and beta3 expression with respect to surface wettability. Interestingly, real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that hFOB cultured on hydrophobic substrata, which have downregulated alphav and beta3 integrin subunits, displayed greater steady state mRNA levels of osteopontin, an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein containing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) integrin recognition sequence, than did cells cultured on hydrophilic substrata. Our results imply that substratum surface wettability regulates integrin-mediated bone cell adhesion and further influences the expression of bone cell-ECM complexes.
Complex interactions between skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor and dihydropyridine receptor proteins (1998)

Evidence for functional interactions between the Ca2+ release channel in the skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum (the ryanodine receptor) and the L-type Ca2+ channel in the sarcolemma (the dihydropyridine receptor), leading to excitation-contraction coupling, is reviewed and experimental systems used to identify candidate sites of interaction are outlined.
A Prospective Study of Macrophage Inhibitory Cytokine-1 (MIC-1/GDF15) and Risk of Colorectal Cancer (2014)

Our results support an association between higher levels of circulating MIC-1 (GDF15) and CRC. Aspirin/NSAID use appeared to lower risk of PTGS2-positive cancers, particularly among individuals with high levels of circulating MIC-1.
MECHANISMS AND KINETICS OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE CADMIUM SORPTION BY PACKED BED OF CALCINED KAOLIN (2001)

Sorption experiments by passing CdCl2-carrying flue gas through the packed bed of calcined macro-porous kaolin particles were performed over a temperature range of 973-1173K and a CdCl2 partial pressure range of 8-16.1 Pa. The observed structural change of the sorbent mineral at the stage of sorption and the results of desorption tests revealed the characteristics of an irreversible chemical reaction as a major cadmium capturing mechanism. In the fully saturated kaolin sorbent, CdO x Al2O x 2SiO2 is present as a sorption reaction product together with a smaller amount of 2CdO x Al2O x 2SiO2. The increase in sorbent bed temperature resulted in an increase in the rate of sorption, but it had no effect on maximum cadmium uptake. The gas-phase CdCl2 diffusion into the macro pores of calcined kaolin had a negligible effect on the overall sorption rate. The reaction between gaseous CdCl2 and solid Al2O3 x 2SiO2 is very sensitive to the concentration of CdCl2 but relatively insensitive to the temperature of the sorbent bed. The order of reaction with respect to the CdCl2 vapor concentration was determined to be 3.26. The activation energy, Ea, was estimated as 5.56 kcal/mol according to the Arrhenius relationship.
Analysis of nonlinear systems with multiple inputs (1974)

Analytical modeling of communication receivers to account for their nonlinear response to multiple input signals is discussed. The method is based on the application of the Wiener-Volterra analysis of nonlinear functionals. The derived analytical relations were embodied in a computer program which provides nonlinear transfer functions of large circuits specified by their parameters. This method was applied to the prediction of behavior of communication receivers in the presence of interference. Examples illustrate the method and demonstrate its validity in the small-signal region.
Antiepileptic Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Patients with Cortical Malformations: An EEG and Clinical Study (2005)

This open study shows a significant antiepileptic effect of rTMS based on clinical and electrophysiological criteria and supports the therapeutic utility of rTMS for patients with well-localized epileptogenic cortical malformations.
Growth hormone induces insulin‐like growth factor‐I gene transcription by a synergistic action of STAT5 and HNF‐1α (1999)

Salmon insulin-like growth factor-I (sIGF-I) expression is, as in mammals, induced by growth hormone (GH). To elucidate the mechanism by which GH stimulates the transcription of the IGF-I gene, we transiently transfected Hep3B cells expressing the rat GH receptor with a sIGF-I promoter-luciferase reporter construct. Activation of the construct by GH added to the medium of the transfected cells was observed when two specific transcription factors, STAT5 and HNF-1alpha, were simultaneously overexpressed in these cells. This finding demonstrates for the first time a GH-dependent activation of an IGF-I promoter construct in an immortalized laboratory cell line.
Text Retrieval from Document Images based on N-Gram Algorithm. (2000)

. We propose a method of text retrieval from document images using a similarity measure based on an N-Gram algorithm. We directly extract image features instead of using optical character recognition. Character image objects are extracted from document images based on connected components first and then an unsupervised classifier is used to classify these objects. All objects are encoded according to one unified class set and each document image is represented by one stream of object codes. Next, we retrieve N-Gram slices from these streams and build document vectors. Lastly, we obtain the pair-wise similarity of document images by means of the scalar product of the document vectors. Tests using four corpora of news articles have confirmed the validity of our method. 1 Introduction The Singapore National Library archives the entire set of past issues of major newspapers in Singapore in microfilms [1]. It is proposed that the microfilm images be digitized to facilitate retri...