gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a selective photoactivatable antagonist for corticotropin‐releasing factor receptor, type 2 (CRF2) (2002)

A novel photoactivatable analog of antisauvagine-30 (aSvg-30), a specific antagonist for corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor, type 2 (CRF2), has been synthesized and characterized. The N-terminal amino-acid d-Phe in aSvg-30 [d-Phe11,His12]Svg(11-40) was replaced by a phenyldiazirine, the 4-(1-azi-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)benzoyl (ATB) residue. The photoactivatable aSvg-30 analog ATB-[His12]Svg was tested for its ability to displace [125I-Tyr0]oCRF or [125I-Tyr0]Svg from membrane homogenates of human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells stably transfected with cDNA coding for rat CRF receptor, type 1 (rCRF1) or mouse CRF receptor, type 2beta (mCRF2beta). Furthermore, the ability of ATB-[His12]Svg(12-40) to inhibit oCRF- or Svg-stimulated cAMP production of transfected HEK 293 cells expressing either rCRF1 (HEK-rCRF1 cells) or mCRF2beta (HEK-mCRF2beta cells) was determined. Unlike astressin and photo astressin, ATB-[His12]Svg(12-40) showed high selective binding to mCRF2beta (Ki = 3.1 +/- 0.2 nm) but not the rCRF1 receptor (Ki = 142.5 +/- 22.3 nm) and decreased Svg-stimulated cAMP activity in mCRF2beta-expressing cells in a similar fashion as aSvg-30. A 66-kDa protein was identified by SDS/PAGE, when the radioactively iodinated analog of ATB-[His12]Svg(12-40) was covalently linked to mCRF2beta receptor. The specificity of the photoactivatable 125I-labeled CRF2beta antagonist was demonstrated with SDS/PAGE by the finding that this analog could be displaced from the receptor by antisauvagine-30, but not other unrelated peptides such as vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP).
Delayed administration of human inter-α inhibitor proteins reduces mortality in sepsis (2004)

Since delayed but repeated administration of human IalphaIp improves survival after CLP, this compound appears to be a useful agent for the treatment of severe sepsis.
Impact of Preparation and Handling on the Hydrogen Storage Properties of Zn4O(1,4-benzenedicarboxylate)3 (MOF-5) (2007)

The prototypical metal-organic framework Zn4O(BDC)3 (MOF-5, BDC2- = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) decomposes gradually in humid air to form a nonporous solid. Recognizing this, improved procedures for its synthesis and handling were developed, leading to significant increases in N2 and H2 gas adsorption capacities. Nitrogen adsorption isotherms measured at 77 K reveal an enhanced maximum N2 uptake of 44.5 mmol/g and a BET surface area of 3800 m2/g, compared to the 35.8 mmol/g and 3100 m2/g obtained for a sample prepared using previous methods. High-pressure H2 adsorption isotherms show improvements from 5.0 to 7.1 excess wt % at 77 K and 40 bar. The total H2 uptake was further observed to climb to 11.5 wt % at 170 bar, corresponding to a volumetric storage density of 77 g/L. Thus, the air-free compound exhibits the highest gravimetric and volumetric H2 uptake capacities yet demonstrated for a cryogenic hydrogen storage material. Moreover, no loss of capacity was apparent during 24 complete adsorption−desorption cycles, while kinetics measurements showed a loading time of 2 min with application of just 45 bar of pressure.
Iterative Filtered Backprojection Methods for Helical Cone-Beam CT (2009)

State-of-the-art reconstruction algorithms for medical helical cone-beam Computed Tomography (CT) are of type non-exact Filtered Backprojection (FBP). They are attractive because of their simplicity and low computational cost, but they produce sub-optimal images with respect to artifacts, resolution, and noise. This thesis deals with possibilities to improve the image quality by means of iterative techniques. The first algorithm, Regularized Iterative Weighted Filtered Backprojection (RIWFBP), is an iterative algorithm employing the non-exact Weighted FilteredBackprojection (WFBP) algorithm [Stierstorfer et al., Phys. Med. Biol. 49, 2209-2218, 2004] in the update step. We have measured and compared artifact reduction as well as resolution and noise properties for RIWFBP and WFBP. The results show that artifacts originating in the non-exactness of the WFBP algorithm are suppressed within five iterations without notable degradation in terms of resolution versus noise. Our experiments also indicate that the number of required iterations can be reduced by employing a technique known as ordered subsets. A small modification of RIWFBP leads to a new algorithm, the Weighted Least Squares Iterative Filtered Backprojection (WLS-IFBP). This algorithm has a slightly lower rate of convergence than RIWFBP, but in return it has the attractive property of converging to a solution of a certain least squares minimization problem. Hereby, theory and algorithms from optimization theory become applicable. Besides linear regularization, we have examined edge-preserving non-linear regularization.In this case, resolution becomes contrast dependent, a fact that can be utilized for improving high contrast resolution without degrading the signal-to-noise ratio in low contrast regions. Resolution measurements at different contrast levels and anthropomorphic phantom studies confirm this property. Furthermore, an even morepronounced suppression of artifacts is observed. Iterative reconstruction opens for more realistic modeling of the input data acquisition process than what is possible with FBP. We have examined the possibility to improve the forward projection model by (i) multiple ray models, and (ii) calculating strip integrals instead of line integrals. In both cases, for linearregularization, the experiments indicate a trade off: the resolution is improved atthe price of increased noise levels. With non-linear regularization on the other hand, the degraded signal-to-noise ratio in low contrast regions can be avoided. Huge input data sizes make experiments on real medical CT data very demanding. To alleviate this problem, we have implemented the most time consuming parts of the algorithms on a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). These implementations are described in some detail, and some specific problems regarding parallelism and memory access are discussed.
The role of hepatocyte growth factor (scatter factor) in epithelialmesenchymal transition and breast cancer (2002)

North American women have a one in eight lifetime risk of developing breast cancer, and approximately one in three women with breast cancer will die of metastases. We, and others, have recently shown that high levels of expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor Met are associated with invasive human breast cancer and may be causally linked to metastasis. This high level of HGF and Met expression has been considered as a possible indicator of earlier recurrence and shortened survival in breast cancer patients. In contrast, HGF expression (but not Met) is strongly suppressed in normal breast epithelial cells. HGF and Met are therefore candidate targets for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of breast cancer. We have recently demonstrated that sustained activation or hyper-activation of c-Src and Stat3, which occurs in invasive breast cancer, can stimulate strong expression of HGF in carcinoma cells. In contrast, transient induction of Stat3 occurs in normal epithelium and promotes mammary tubulogenesis. We hypothesize that increased autocrine HGF-Met signaling is a critical downstream function of c-Src-Stat3 activation in mammary tumorigenesis. Future studies will identify novel Stat3 consensus sites that regulate HGF promoter activity and HGF expression preferentially in carcinoma cells and could lead to novel therapeutic drugs that specifically block HGF expression in mammary carcinoma cells, and which could be used in combined treatments to abrogate metastasis.
High-frequency mutagenesis of human cells and characterization of a mutant unresponsive to both alpha and gamma interferons. (1991)

2fTGH is a human cell line containing the selectable marker guanine phosphoribosyltransferase regulated by alpha interferon (IFN-alpha). Two IFN-alpha-unresponsive mutants were isolated previously at a low frequency (ca. 10(-8)) by selecting mutagenized 2fTGH cells in selective medium containing 6-thioguanine and IFN-alpha. By using five rounds of mutagenesis, mutants can be isolated at an appreciably higher frequency, greater than 3 x 10(-7). Five new mutants have been isolated, and all are recessive, as are the two mutants we described previously. The seven mutants are in four complementation groups (U1-U4). Since several different types of mutants unresponsive to IFN-alpha have been isolated with high frequency, related approaches may succeed with other cytokines or growth factors. Mutants in the two new complementation groups U3 and U4 are unresponsive to IFN-alpha and, surprisingly, also unresponsive to IFN-gamma. They are also partially defective in response to double-stranded RNA. These results indicate that the signaling pathways for the two types of IFN and double-stranded RNA share common components or that their function depends on common enzymes or transcription factors. IFN receptors are unaffected in mutants U3A and U4A. A major defect appears to be in the synthesis or activation of E, the transcription factor mediating the primary response to type I (alpha/beta) IFNs. Band-shift complementation assays show that U3A contains the E gamma subunit but does not contain an active E alpha subunit after treatment with IFN-alpha.
A packet-switched multimedia conferencing system (1989)

article Free Access Share on A packet-switched multimedia conferencing system Authors: Eve Schooler View Profile , Stephen Casner View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGOIS BulletinVolume 10Issue 1January 1989 pp 12–22https://doi.org/10.1145/65734.65736Published:03 January 1989Publication History 11citation297DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations11Total Downloads297Last 12 Months7Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Effect of trace metals on ethanol production from synthesis gas by the ethanologenic acetogen, Clostridium ragsdalei (2010)

The effect of trace metal ions (Co²+, Cu²+, Fe²+, Mn²+, Mo⁶+, Ni²+, Zn²+, SeO₄⁻ and WO₄⁻) on growth and ethanol production by an ethanologenic acetogen, Clostridium ragsdalei was investigated in CO:CO₂-grown cells. A standard acetogen medium (ATCC medium no. 1754) was manipulated by varying the concentrations of trace metals in the media. Increasing the individual concentrations of Ni²+, Zn²+, SeO₄⁻ and WO₄⁻ from 0.84, 6.96, 1.06, and 0.68 μM in the standard trace metals solution to 8.4, 34.8, 5.3, and 6.8 μM, respectively, increased ethanol production from 35.73 mM under standard metals concentration to 176.5, 187.8, 54.4, and 72.3 mM, respectively. Nickel was necessary for growth of C. ragsdalei. Growth rate (μ) of C. ragsdalei improved from 0.34 to 0.49 (day⁻¹), and carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) and hydrogenase (H₂ase)-specific activities improved from 38.45 and 0.35 to 48.5 and 1.66 U/mg protein, respectively, at optimum concentration of Ni²+. At optimum concentrations of WO₄⁻ and SeO₄⁻, formate dehydrogenase (FDH) activity improved from 32.3 to 42.6 and 45.4 U/mg protein, respectively. Ethanol production and the activity of FDH reduced from 35 mM and 32.3 U/mg protein to 1.14 mM and 8.79 U/mg protein, respectively, upon elimination of WO₄⁻ from the medium. Although increased concentration of Zn²+ enhanced growth and ethanol production, the activities of CODH, FDH, H₂ase and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) were not affected by varying the Zn²+ concentration. Omitting Fe²+ from the medium decreased ethanol production from 35.7 to 6.30 mM and decreased activities of CODH, FDH, H₂ase and ADH from 38.5, 32.3, 0.35, and 0.68 U/mg protein to 9.07, 7.01, 0.10, and 0.24 U/mg protein, respectively. Ethanol production improved from 35 to 54 mM when Cu²+ was removed from the medium. The optimization of trace metals concentration in the fermentation medium improved enzyme activities (CODH, FDH, and H₂ase), growth and ethanol production by C. ragsdalei.
N-myc amplification in multiple homogeneously staining regions in two human neuroblastomas. (1985)

Molecular characterization of two human neuroblastoma cell lines has revealed that both contain multiple homogeneously staining regions (HSRs), each representing a chromosome site of N-myc amplification. The newly established cell line CHP-382/JK had two cytogenetically distinct populations with several identical chromosomal abnormalities, indicating a common progenitor cell. Each population had one HSR, one on chromosome 5 at q31-34 and the other on chromosome 2 at q31-32. Chromosomal in situ hybridization with the N-myc probe pNb-1 demonstrated that both HSRs contained amplified copies of N-myc. Southern blot analysis confirmed amplification of N-myc sequences in genomic DNA of CHP-382/JK. Chromosomal features of CHP-382/JK shared with other neuroblastoma cell lines were the deletion of 1p and the presence of extra 17q material. In addition, the cells were highly reactive to monoclonal antibody PI 153/3 used to identify human neuroblastoma. CHP-382/JK cells were further characterized as neuronal cells by the expression of neurotoxin-responsive Na+ channels. Another neuroblastoma cell line, CHP-134, contained a single cell population with three HSRs, one in the short arm of each chromosome 7 and one in the long arm of a chromosome 6. All three HSRs contained amplified copies of N-myc as shown by in situ hybridization with the N-myc probe pNb-1. One of the 7p HSRs was acquired during culture of CHP-134 cells, whereas the 2q HSR of CHP-382/JK was lost. Such findings highlight the continued process of N-myc amplification and transposition in vitro. To our knowledge, amplification of N-myc in multiple HSRs has not been documented previously in neuroblastoma cell lines.
ENDOTHELIN-1 IN DIABETIC AND NONDIABETIC MEN WITH ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION (1997)

Basal plasma concentration of endothelin-1 in the cubital vein was increased in nondiabetic (1.13 +/- 0.4 pg./ml.) and in diabetic (1.80 +/- 0.2 pg./ml.) patients with erectile dysfunction, compared to control men (0.64 +/- 0.1 pg./ml.) (p < 0.0005 and p < 0.0001, respectively), and in diabetic compared with nondiabetic patients (p < 0.002). No difference and close correlation were observed in the concentration of endothelin-1 in the cavernous body blood evaluated 5 minutes and 30 minutes after injection of prostaglandin E1 (r = 0.89, p < 0.0001, y = 0.98 x + -0.066). The concentration of endothelin-1 in the cavernous body blood evaluated 30 minutes after injection of prostaglandin E1 did not show any difference compared to peripheral venous concentration of the peptide in the 2 patient groups. Concentrations of endothelin-1 in the peripheral vein and the cavernous body blood were not different in patients with a full erection compared with incomplete penis erection after injection of prostaglandin E1 in the cavernous body.
Biochemical parameters of recovery in acute severe head injury (1993)

Levels of urinary catecholamines (noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine), plasma acetylcholinesterase, serum serotonin and plasma 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol were recorded in 38 adult subjects during the first 21 days after severe head injury. Levels of acetylcholinesterase, serotonin and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol differed significantly between survivors and those who died. For survivors, initially abnormal biochemical levels recovered toward the norm as time after injury progressed.
Inhibition of HIV replication by amino‐sugar derivatives (1988)

The plant alkaloids castanospermine, dihydroxymethyldihydroxypyrrolidine and deoxynojirimycin have recently been shown to have potential anti-HIV activity [(1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 8120-8124; (1987) Nature 330, 74-77; (1987) Lancet i, 1025-1026]. They are thought to act by inhibiting alpha-glucosidase I, an enzyme involved in the processing of N-linked oligosaccharides on glycoproteins. We report here the relative efficacy of a spectrum of amino-sugar derivatives as inhibition of HIV cytopathicity. Several alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and alpha-fucosidase inhibitors were found to be active at concentrations which were non-cytotoxic.
Regulation of IFN-alpha/beta, MxA, 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase, and HLA gene expression in influenza A-infected human lung epithelial cells (1997)

The epithelial cells of the respiratory tract are the primary sites of virus replication in influenza A virus infections. We infected human alveolar epithelium-like A549 cells and fibroblast-like human fetal lung (HFL1) cells with a pathogenic influenza A virus (A/Beijing/353/89), and studied the kinetics of infection and the expression of host IFN-alpha/beta, MxA, OAS (2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase), and HLA class I and II genes. Viral mRNA and protein synthesis was clearly seen in virus-infected lung cells. A549 and HFL1 cells produced only small amounts of IFN-alpha/beta, whereas virus-infected macrophages produced type I IFN very efficiently. The kinetics of IFN-beta gene expression in A549 cells was rapid, as shown by reverse-transcriptase PCR, and IFN-beta mRNA expression levels correlated well to the kinetics of nuclear factor-kappa B transcription factor activation. In influenza A virus-infected A549 and HFL1 cells, MxA gene induction was mediated by IFN-alpha/beta released into the cell culture supernatant, and was prevented by anti-type I IFN Abs. HLA class I Ag expression, which could be activated by IFN in noninfected A549 and HFL1 cells, was not induced in these cells by virus infection. The results suggest that type I IFN are essential for the activation of the antiviral response in lung epithelial cells.
A multi-standard efficient column-layered LDPC decoder for Software Defined Radio on GPUs (2013)

In this paper, we propose a multi-standard high-throughput column-layered (CL) low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoder for Software-Defined Radio (SDR) on a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) platform. Multiple columns in the sub-matrix of quasi-cyclic LDPC (QC-LDPC) code are parallel performed inside a block, while multiple codewords are simultaneously decoded among many blocks on the GPU. Several optimization methods are employed to enhance the throughput, such as the compressed matrix structure, memory optimization, codeword packing scheme, two-dimension thread configuration and asynchronous data transfer. The experiment shows that our decoder has low bit error ratio and the peak throughput is 712Mbps, which is about two orders of magnitude faster than that of CPU implementation and comparable to the dedicated hardware solutions. Compared to the existing fastest GPU-based implementation, the presented decoder can achieve a performance improvement of 3.0x times.
Crystal Chemistry of the Olivine-Type Li(Mn[sub y]Fe[sub 1−y])PO[sub 4] and (Mn[sub y]Fe[sub 1−y])PO[sub 4] as Possible 4 V Cathode Materials for Lithium Batteries (2001)

A potential 4 V cathode material for lithium batteries was investigated. The crystal chemistry of the olivine-type of (discharged state) and its delithiated form (charged state) were comparatively studied using X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and ab initio calculations. A strong oxidizer, nitronium tetrafluoroborate, was used for chemical delithiation of to obtain The strong electron/lattice interaction induced by the trivalent manganese in (charged state) is highlighted as the intrinsic obstacle to generating the full theoretical capacity (ca. 170 mAh/g) of the Mn-rich phase followed by an efficient cathode performance of the optimized © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Taking Advantage of Disorder: Amorphous Calcium Carbonate and Its Roles in Biomineralization (2003)

Abstract Amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) in its pure form is highly unstable, yet some organisms produce stable ACC, and cases are known in which ACC functions as a transient precursor of more stable crystalline aragonite or calcite. Studies of biogenic ACC show that there are significant structural differences, including the observation that the stable forms are hydrated whereas the transient forms are not. The many different ways in which ACC can be formed in vitro shed light on the possible mechanisms involved in stabilization, destabilization, and transformation of ACC into crystalline forms of calcium carbonate. We show here that ACC is a fascinating form of calcium carbonate that may well be of much interest to materials science and biomineralization.
Endobronchial secretion of interleukin-13 following local allergen challenge in atopic asthma: relationship to interleukin-4 and eosinophil counts (1996)

We investigated the secretion of interleukin (IL)-13 into the airways in 10 mild allergic asthmatics by employing local allergen challenge, and compared the data both to IL-4 levels and eosinophil numbers obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Appropriate allergen or saline were endoscopically instilled into different airway segments, which were lavaged 10 min and 18 h after allergen or sham challenge. IL-4 and IL-13 were measured in unconcentrated BAL fluid using a double sandwich enzymes-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Endobronchial allergen challenge induced a highly significant increase in the numbers of eosinophils after 18 h in the allergen exposed segment. Ten minutes following allergen exposure, low levels of IL-4 and IL-13 could be detected, whilst concentrations of both cytokines were significantly raised 18 h following local allergen exposure. In contrast to IL-4, the concentration of IL-13 strongly correlated with the eosinophil numbers found 18 h post-allergen challenge. The results suggest that interleukin-13 is actively secreted during the late asthmatic response in mild asthmatic subjects. In view of its action on eosinophils and other cell types, we conclude that interleukin-13, in addition to interleukin-4, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of eosinophil-related inflammation, such as bronchial asthma.
Ultrahigh Scanning Speed Optical Coherence Tomography Using Optical Frequency Comb Generators (2001)

A novel optical coherence tomography system without any moving parts for depth scanning was proposed and demonstrated. It was accomplished using two optical frequency comb generators, as broad-band spectrum generators, instead of moving parts for depth scanning. A high scanning speed of more than 12.5 km/s and also a high repetition rate of 500 kHz were achieved in a long scan range of 25 mm. The resolution was about 100 µm.