gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Generative Model of Human Hair for Hair Sketching (2005)

Human hair is a very complex visual pattern whose representation is rarely studied in the vision literature despite its important role in human recognition. In this paper, we propose a generative model for hair representation and hair sketching, which is far more compact than the physically based models in graphics. We decompose a color hair image into three bands: a color band (a) (by Luv transform), a low frequency band (b) for lighting variations, and a high frequency band (c) for the hair pattern. Then we propose a three level generative model for the hair image (c). In this model, image (c) is generated by a vector field (d) that represents hair orientation, gradient strength, and directions; and this vector field is in turn generated by a hair sketch layer (e). We identify five types of primitives for the hair sketch each specifying the orientations of the vector field on the two sides of the sketch. With the five-layer representation (a-e) computed, we can reconstruct vivid hair images and generate hair sketches. We test our algorithm on a large data set of hairs and some results are reported in the experiments.
Tumor and Host-Mediated Pathways of Resistance and Disease Progression in Response to Antiangiogenic Therapy (2009)

Despite early benefits seen in cancer patients treated with antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway-targeted drugs, the clinical benefits obtained in terms of progression-free or overall survival have been more modest than expected. This outcome is, at least in part, due to antiangiogenic drug resistance mechanisms that involve pathways mediated largely by the tumor, whether intrinsic or acquired in response to therapy, or by the host, which is either responding directly to therapy or indirectly to tumoral cues. The focus of this review is to distinguish, where possible, between such host and tumor-mediated pathways of resistance and discuss key challenges facing the preclinical and clinical development of antiangiogenic agents, including potential differences in drug efficacies when treating primary tumors or various stages of metastatic disease.
Green Tea <i>(Camellia sinensis)</i> Protects against Selenite-Induced Oxidative Stress in Experimental Cataractogenesis (2002)

Cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. It is a multifactorial disease primarily associated with oxidative stress produced by free radicals. The protection offered by various antioxidants in cataract development is well established. Polyphenolic compounds present in green tea (Camellia sinensis) are reported to possess antioxidant property in various pathological conditions. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anticataract potential of green tea leaf (GTL) extract in the development of lens opacification. Enucleated rat lenses were randomly divided into normal, control and treated groups and incubated for 24 h at 37 degrees C. Oxidative stress was induced by sodium selenite in the culture medium of the two groups (except the normal group). The medium of the treated group was additionally supplemented with GTL extract. After incubation, lenses were subjected to glutathione and malondialdehyde estimation. Enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase was also measured in different sets of the experiment. In vivo cataract was induced in 9-day-old rat pups of both control and treated groups by a single subcutaneous injection of sodium selenite. The treated pups were injected GTL extract intraperitoneally prior to selenite challenge and continued for 2 consecutive days thereafter. Cataract incidence was evaluated on 16th postnatal day by slit lamp examination. There was positive modulation of biochemical parameters in the organ culture study. Green tea was also found to reduce the incidence of selenite cataract in vivo. The results suggest that green tea possesses significant anticataract potential and acts primarily by preserving the antioxidant defense system.
Inhibition of Pyrimidine Biosynthesis Pathway Suppresses Viral Growth through Innate Immunity (2013)

Searching for stimulators of the innate antiviral response is an appealing approach to develop novel therapeutics against viral infections. Here, we established a cell-based reporter assay to identify compounds stimulating expression of interferon-inducible antiviral genes. DD264 was selected out of 41,353 compounds for both its immuno-stimulatory and antiviral properties. While searching for its mode of action, we identified DD264 as an inhibitor of pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. This metabolic pathway was recently identified as a prime target of broad-spectrum antiviral molecules, but our data unraveled a yet unsuspected link with innate immunity. Indeed, we showed that DD264 or brequinar, a well-known inhibitor of pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway, both enhanced the expression of antiviral genes in human cells. Furthermore, antiviral activity of DD264 or brequinar was found strictly dependent on cellular gene transcription, nuclear export machinery, and required IRF1 transcription factor. In conclusion, the antiviral property of pyrimidine biosynthesis inhibitors is not a direct consequence of pyrimidine deprivation on the virus machinery, but rather involves the induction of cellular immune response.
The Dynamics of Singlet Fission in Crystalline Tetracene and Covalent Analogs (2013)

Singlet fission (SF) is a spin-allowed process in which an excited singlet state spontaneously splits into a pair of triplet excitons. This relaxation pathway is of interest as a mechanism for increasing the efficiency of photovoltaic solar cells, since ionization of the triplets could produce two charge carriers per absorbed photon. In this Account, we summarize our recent work on trying to understand how SF occurs using both covalent and noncovalent assemblies of tetracene. We first give a brief overview of the SF process and discuss why tetracene, where the singlet and triplet pair energies are nearly degenerate, is a particularly useful molecule for studying this process. Then we describe our experiments, beginning with the study of phenylene-linked tetracene dimers as covalent analogs for the crystal form, where SF is known to be very efficient. We found that only 2-3% of the initially excited singlets underwent SF in these dimers. These results motivated us to study crystalline tetracene in more detail. Transient absorption and photoluminescence experiments on polycrystalline thin films provided evidence for a delocalized singlet exciton that decays with a complicated temperature-dependence, but we were unable to unambiguously identify the signature of the triplet pair formed by SF. Then, using ultrathin single crystals, we observed quantum beats in the delayed fluorescence arising from recombination of spin-coherent triplet pairs. Analyzing these quantum beats revealed that SF proceeds through a direct one-step process occurring within 200 ps at room temperature. The product of this reaction is a pair of unperturbed triplets that have negligible interaction with each other. Looking at the overall SF process in tetracene, remaining issues that need to be clarified include the role of exciton diffusion, the temperature dependence of the SF rate, and how to use insights gained from the solid-state studies to generate design principles for high-efficiency covalent systems. Our experiments provide a good illustration of why the polyacenes, and tetracene in particular, play an important role as systems for the study of SF.
Aminocyclopropenium ion (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAminocyclopropenium ionZenichi Yoshida and Yoshiyuki TawaraCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 10, 2573–2574Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00739a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00739a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1600Altmetric-Citations114LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Plasma Spray Deposition of Hydroxyapatite Coatings from Sol Precursors (2007)

Plasma spray deposition of hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings is a well established commercial process. When deposited on metallic substrates, these coatings have been shown to promote bone fixation and osteconductivity. A concern with current coatings is the formation of relatively large debris particles during resorption. The size of the debris is related to the particle size of the powder injected into the plasma during the deposition process. The use of solution precursors or dispersions of fine particle size powders as the feedstock for plasma spraying has been shown to produce submicron/nanocrystalline structured coatings from relatively inexpensive precursors. Nanocrystalline HA coatings may improve the resorption of the coating in the body, avoiding the irritant effect of large particles which may be seen in current thermal sprayed HA coatings. We have explored the use of sols prepared from several different precursors as the feedstock for the plasma spray deposition of HA coatings on Ti6Al4V substrates, employing statistical design of experiments to establish optimal deposition conditions. We report on the formation and the characteristics of the coatings as a function of the deposition parameters. The presence of different Ca-P crystalline and amorphous phases was assessed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The coating microstructure was characterized by scanning/transmission electron microscopy. The suitability of the technique to coat biomedical implants is discussed.
Working With Courts, Judges, and Lawyers (2006)

Chapter 6 provides an analysis of the mental healthexpert witness role. It considers the law of expert witnesses, the nature of expertise, and the role of mental health experts in the legal system. It also considers inappropriate roles that mental healthexperts sometimes assume in child forensic assessment and makes suggestions for comporting professional practices with recognized legal standards.
Application of commercial wireless LAN technology to forward area mobile communications (2002)

Two applications have been identified for wireless local area network (LAN) technology in the forward area of the battlefield: a soldier radio and distributed command posts. The Army's soldier radio/soldier computer initiative is characterized by low to medium data rate requirements (10 kbps or higher), optimization for low cost and light weight, and fully-mobile operation. It utilizes the UHF or low SHF bands, and has a range to 2 km. The distributed command posts application is characterized by high data rate requirements (1 to 10 Mbps), optimization for low probability of intercept (LPI) or detection (LPD), and quasi-mobile operation (rapid setup after a move). It utilizes the EHF band, and has a range to 10 km. The authors survey requirements and architectural alternatives for both applications. The issues which make current commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) technology unsuitable for a tactical environment are examined, and modifications which may be made to COTS equipment to deal with these issues are proposed. These issues include operation on the move, high-loss propagation path, frequency band, security requirements, and interference rejection. Technologies which are common to the two applications are identified. Current COTS technology appears to be a good match to the soldier radio application. Suggestions are made for how COTS technology may be applied to the distributed command post application.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A 49-Residue Peptide from Adhesin F1 of Streptococcus pyogenes Inhibits Fibronectin Matrix Assembly (2001)

F1 is an adhesin of Streptococcus pyogenes which binds the N-terminal 70-kDa region of fibronectin with high affinity. The fibronectin binding region of F1 is comprised of a 43-residue upstream domain and a repeat domain comprised of five tandem 37-residue sequences. We investigated the effects of these domains on the assembly of fibronectin matrix by human dermal fibroblasts, MG63 osteosarcoma cells, or fibroblasts derived from fibronectin-null stem cells. Subequimolar or equimolar concentrations of recombinant proteins containing both the upstream and repeat domains or just the repeat domain enhanced binding of fibronectin or its N-terminal 70-kDa fragment to cell layers; higher concentrations of these recombinant proteins inhibited binding. The enhanced binding did not result in greater matrix assembly and was caused by increased ligand binding to substratum. In contrast, recombinant or synthetic protein containing the 43 residues of the upstream domain and the first 6 residues from the repeat domain exhibited monophasic inhibition with an IC(50) of approximately 10 nm. Truncation of the 49-residue sequence at its N or C terminus caused loss of inhibitory activity. The 49-residue upstream sequence blocked incorporation of both endogenous cellular fibronectin and exogenous plasma fibronectin into extracellular matrix and inhibited binding of 70-kDa fragment to fibronectin-null cells in a fibronectin-free system. Inhibition of matrix assembly by the 49-mer had no effect on cell adhesion to substratum, cell growth, formation of focal contacts, or formation of stress fibers. These results indicate that the 49-residue upstream sequence of F1 binds in an inhibitory mode to N-terminal parts of exogenous and endogenous fibronectin which are critical for fibronectin fibrillogenesis.
Meet a Member (2003)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Patti Johnson; Meet a Member. Journal of the Association for Vascular Access 1 December 2003; 8 (4): 53. doi: https://doi.org/10.2309/1552-8855-8.4.53 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest Search
Principles and practice of genitourinary oncology (1997)

Principles of oncology bladder cancer prostate cancer testis cancer renal cancer cancer of the penis adrenal cancer genitourinary sarcomas paediatric rhabdomyosarcomas and soft tissue sarcomas neuroblastoma Wilms tumour nephroblastoma patient support.
Introduction, fundamentals, geometry and basic boundary value problems (1989)

Preface to the English edition Preface to the German edition 1. Introduction 2. Curves and Surfaces 3. Conformal mapping and minimal surfaces 4. Results from analysis 5. Plateau's problem Appendix References Name Index Subject Index.
A Structured Variational Auto-encoder for Learning Deep Hierarchies of Sparse Features (2016)

In this note we present a generative model of natural images consisting of a deep hierarchy of layers of latent random variables, each of which follows a new type of distribution that we call rectified Gaussian. These rectified Gaussian units allow spike-and-slab type sparsity, while retaining the differentiability necessary for efficient stochastic gradient variational inference. To learn the parameters of the new model, we approximate the posterior of the latent variables with a variational auto-encoder. Rather than making the usual mean-field assumption however, the encoder parameterizes a new type of structured variational approximation that retains the prior dependencies of the generative model. Using this structured posterior approximation, we are able to perform joint training of deep models with many layers of latent random variables, without having to resort to stacking or other layerwise training procedures.
Purification and Characterization of Human Neutrophil Peptide 4, a Novel Member of the Defensin Family (1989)

Primary (azurophil) granules of neutrophils contain proteins which play a major role in the killing and digestion of bacteria in the phagolysosome. We have isolated and characterized a novel antimicrobial peptide from the azurophil granule fraction of discontinuous Percoll gradients. We have named this peptide human neutrophil peptide 4 (HNP-4) based on its structural similarity to a group of antimicrobial polypeptides known as defensins (HNP 1-3). Using size exclusion and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography, HNP-4 was purified to homogeneity as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and amino-terminal sequence analysis. The amino acid sequence determined from isolated HNP-4 and from tryptic fragments of reduced and alkylated peptide is: NH2-Val-Cys-Ser-Cys-Arg-Leu-Val-Phe-Cys-Arg-Arg-Thr-Glu- Leu-Arg-Val-Gly-Asn-Cys-Leu-Ile-Gly-Gly-Val-Ser-Phe-Thr-Tyr-Cys-Cys-Thr- Arg-Val - COOH. Based on this sequence, HNP-4 has a calculated molecular weight of 3715 and a theoretical pI of 8.61. HNP-4 shows structural similarity to the family of three human defensins. HNP-4 and the defensins have identical cysteine backbones and, like the defensins, HNP-4 is rich in arginine (15.2 mol %). However, the amino acids at 22 of the 33 positions differ between HNP-4 and human defensins. Further, HNP-4 is significantly more hydrophobic than the defensins, as determined by its retention time on reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. In vitro, purified HNP-4 was shown to kill Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans. Compared to a mixture of the other human defensins, HNP-4 was found to be approximately 100 times more potent against E. coli and four times more potent against both S. faecalis and C. albicans.
MRI Evaluation of Inflammatory Activity in Crohn's Disease (2005)

MRI is able to detect pathologic bowel segments in CD, as it allows the measurement of significant variations in wall thickness and contrast enhancement on changing from the active phase of the disease to remission.
A Fundamental Understanding of the Dependence of the Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Signal Strength on the Complex Focusing Dynamics of Femtosecond Laser Pulses on Either Side of the Focus (2014)

We correlate the focusing dynamics of 50 femtosecond (fs) laser radiation as it interacts with a silicon sample to laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) signal strength. Presented are concentric ring-shaped variations in the electric field in the prefocus region due to lens aberrations and nonsymmetry between the prefocus and post-focus beam profile as a result of continuum generation, occurring around the focus. Experimental results show different signal trends for both atmospheric and vacuum conditions, attributed to the existence of a continuum for the former. Lens aberrations effects on the LIBS signal strength are investigated using a plano-convex spherical lens and an aspherized achromatic lens. High-resolution scanning electron micrographs of the silicon surface after ablation, along with theoretical simulations, reveal the electric field patterns near the focus. The research results contribute to fundamental understanding of the basic physics of ultrashort, femtosecond laser radiation interacting with materials.
Prognostic significance of cyclin E overexpression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas. (2000)

Cyclin E plays a pivotal role in the regulation of G1-S transition and relates to malignant transformation of cells. However, the clinical significance of cyclin E in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) remains unknown. We examined the expression of cyclin E in 102 patients with LSCC and analyzed its relation to clinicopathological parameters, cell proliferation, and clinical outcome. Cyclin E overexpression was observed in 54 cases (52.94%) of LSCC and was significantly correlated with the tumor site (P = 0.012), tumor size (P = 0.006), poor differentiation (P = 0.026), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.012), and advanced stage (P = 0.002). A positive correlation between the cyclin E expression and proliferative activity of tumor cells was found (r = 0.896; P < 0.0001). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that shorter disease-free and overall survival was significantly associated with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) overexpression and cyclin E overexpression. When PCNA and cyclin E are combined, the patients with both PCNA overexpression and cyclin E overexpression had the poorest prognoses when compared with the other cases. Additionally, in early stage (I-II) cases, cyclin E was also revealed to possess a significant prognostic role. By multivariate analysis, lymph node metastasis and cyclin E overexpression were independent prognostic factors for disease-free survival, and tumor size, lymph node metastasis, advanced stage, as well as cyclin E overexpression were independent prognostic factors for overall survival. These findings indicate that cyclin E overexpression is associated with unfavorable clinicopathological parameters and represents an independent marker for cell proliferation and prognosis of LSCC.
Monoclonal antibody PHF‐1 recognizes tau protein phosphorylated at serine residues 396 and 404 (1994)

The microtubule-associated protein tau is hyperphosphorylated in the paired helical filaments (PHFs) of Alzheimer's disease. Immunological and direct chemical studies have identified Ser396 and Ser404 as two of the phosphorylated sites. Previously, we have demonstrated, using synthetic tau peptides containing phosphorylated Ser396, that this site is recognized by the monoclonal antibody PHF-1. The present study extends this observation by showing that PHF-1 recognizes tau peptides containing either individually phosphorylated Ser396 or Ser404, but that there is a > 10-fold increase in the sensitivity of detection of tau peptides by PHF-1 when both serines are phosphorylated. The recognition of singly or doubly phosphorylated Ser396 and Ser404 in tau by PHF-1 can also be demonstrated in Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with full-length wild-type tau constructs or mutant constructs with Ala substituted for Ser396 or Ser404. We conclude that the PHF-1 epitope contains both phosphorylated Ser396 and Ser404.
An Approach for IRIS Plant Classification Using Neural Network (2012)

Classification is a machine learning technique used to predict group membership for data instances. To simplify the problem of classification neural networks are being introduced. This paper focuses on IRIS plant classification using Neural Network. The problem concerns the identification of IRIS plant species on the basis of plant attribute measurements. Classification of IRIS data set would be discovering patterns from examining petal and sepal size of the IRIS plant and how the prediction was made from analyzing the pattern to form the class of IRIS plant. By using this pattern and classification, in future upcoming years the unknown data can be predicted more precisely. Artificial neural networks have been successfully applied to problems in pattern classification, function approximations, optimization, and associative memories. In this work, Multilayer feed-forward networks are trained using back propagation learning algorithm.