gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Memory T CELL S Elicit Decreased Cytotoxicity Against Allogeneic Targets (2009)

Several groups have independently demonstrated that memory T cells do not induce graft-versus-host disease in several different animal models. To test whether the same concept applies to humans, we compared the ability of memory T cells to respond to alloantigens with that of naive T cells. Purified T cells were first obtained from peripheral blood from healthy donors and then separated into memory and naive T cell subsets based on the expression of CD45RA (memory: CD45RA-, naive: CD45RA+). Memory T cells were then tested for their ability to respond to alloantigens by using several standard in vitro assays. In contrast to the mouse data, memory T cells proliferated equally well as naive T cells did in mixed lymphocyte culture. Despite the similar proliferative responses against alloantigens as those mediated by naive T cells, these same memory T cells failed to kill the allogeneic targets. Limiting dilution assay demonstrated that the frequency of allospecific cytotoxicity T cells was 6–68.5 fold less in memory T cells than that in naive T cells. Interleukin 2 was unable to restore the cytotoxicity against alloantigens. The results from skin explant assay further suggested that, in contrast to naive T cells, memory T cells might not be able to induce graft-versus-host disease. These data suggest that human memory T cells contain less alloantigen-specific cytotoxicity T cells and may not cause graft-versus-host disease upon in vivo transfer. Since clinical grade antibody is now available, this approach will soon be tested in humans for the prevention of graft-versus-host disease.
Morbidity in nocturnal asthma: sleep quality and daytime cognitive performance. (1991)

Most patients with asthma waken with nocturnal asthma from time to time. To assess morbidity in patients with nocturnal asthma nocturnal sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and daytime cognitive performance were measured prospectively in 12 patients with nocturnal asthma (median age 43 years) and 12 age and intellect matched normal subjects. The median (range) percentage overnight fall in peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) was 22 (15 to 50) in the patients with nocturnal asthma and 4 (-4 to 7) in the normal subjects. The patients with asthma had poorer average scores for subjective sleep quality than the normal subjects (median paired difference 1.1 (95% confidence limits 0.1, 2.3)). Objective overnight sleep quality was also worse in the asthmatic patients, who spent more time awake at night (median difference 51 (95% CL 8.1, 74) minutes), had a longer sleep onset latency (12 (10, 30) minutes), and tended to have less stage 4 (deep) sleep (-33 (-58, 4) minutes). Daytime cognitive performance was worse in the patients with nocturnal asthma, who took a longer time to complete the trail making tests (median difference 62 (22, 75) seconds) and achieved a lower score on the paced serial addition tests (-10 (-24, -3)). Mean daytime sleep latency did not differ significantly between the two groups (2 (-3, 7) minutes). It is concluded that hospital outpatients with stable nocturnal asthma have impaired sleep quality and daytime cognitive performance even when having their usual maintenance asthma treatment.
Heat Shock Proteins and Cancer Immunotherapy (2000)

Vaccination with heat shock proteins from tumor have been shown to elicit an anti-tumor response. Current studies indicate that the immunogenicity of HSPs is derived from the antigenic peptides which they associate with. Mechanisms by which the HSP-peptide complexes induce an immune response and the possible role of HSPs in antigen presentation is discussed in this article. The use of HSP-peptide complexes can be used as tumor vaccines for cancer immunotherapy is reviewed.
A Persona-Based Multi-turn Conversation Model in an Adversarial Learning Framework (2018)

In this paper, we extend the persona-based sequence-to-sequence (Seq2Seq) neural network conversation model to multi-turn dialogue by modifying the state-of-the-art hredGAN architecture. To achieve this, we introduce an additional input modality into the encoder and decoder of hredGAN to capture other attributes such as speaker identity, location, sub-topics, and other external attributes that might be available from the corpus of human-to-human interactions. The resulting persona hredGAN (phredGAN) shows better performance than both the existing persona-based Seq2Seq and hredGAN models when those external attributes are available in a multi-turn dialogue corpus. This superiority is demonstrated on TV drama series with character consistency (such as Big Bang Theory and Friends) and customer service interaction datasets such as Ubuntu dialogue corpus in terms of perplexity, BLEU, ROUGE, and Distinct n-gram scores.
Dopamine-Regulated MicroRNA MiR-181a Controls GluA2 Surface Expression in Hippocampal Neurons (2011)

The dynamic expression of AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPA-R) at synapses is a key determinant of synaptic plasticity, including neuroadaptations to drugs of abuse. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important posttranscriptional regulators of synaptic plasticity, but whether they target glutamate receptors to mediate this effect is not known. Here we used microarray screening to identify miRNAs that regulate synaptic plasticity within the nucleus accumbens, a brain region critical to forming drug-seeking habits. One of the miRNAs that showed a robust enrichment at medium spiny neuron synapses was miR-181a. Using bioinformatics tools, we detected a highly conserved miR-181a binding site within the mRNA encoding the GluA2 subunit of AMPA-Rs. Overexpression and knockdown of miR-181a in primary neurons demonstrated that this miRNA is a negative posttranscriptional regulator of GluA2 expression. Additionally, miR-181a overexpression reduced GluA2 surface expression, spine formation, and miniature excitatory postsynaptic current (mEPSC) frequency in hippocampal neurons, suggesting that miR-181a could regulate synaptic function. Moreover, miR-181a expression was induced by dopamine signaling in primary neurons, as well as by cocaine and amphetamines, in a mouse model of chronic drug treatment. Taken together, our results identify miR-181a as a key regulator of mammalian AMPA-type glutamate receptors, with potential implications for the regulation of drug-induced synaptic plasticity.
STATE SURFACES FOR PARTIALLY SATURATED SOILS. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ELEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOIL MECHANICS AND FOUNDATION ENGINEERING, SAN FRANCISCO, 12-16 AUGUST 1985 (1985)

A number of analytical simple models to describe state surfaces for volume and degree of saturation change of partially saturated soils subjected to confined or isotropic compression are proposed on the basis of observed qualitative behaviour. The results of a number of tests performed and others taken from published results are then used to find, through the appropriate optimization techniques, the optimum analytical expressions. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 287689. (Author/TRRL)
Endocannabinoid and ceramide levels are altered in patients with colorectal cancer (2015)

Endocannabinoids and ceramides have demonstrated growth inhibition, cell death induction and pro-apoptotic activity in cancer research. In the present study, we describe the profiles of two major endocannabinoids, ceramides, free fatty acids and relevant metabolic enzymes in 47 pairs of human colorectal cancer tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues. Among them, anandamide (AEA) and its metabolite, arachidonic acid (AA), were markedly upregulated in cancer tissues particularly in those with lymphatic metastasis. The levels of C16 and C24 ceramides were significantly elevated in the colorectal tumor tissues, while levels of C18 and C20 ceramides showed opposite trends. Levels of two enzymes participating in the biosynthesis and degradation of AEA, N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D (NPLD) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), together with the most abundant ceramide synthases (CerS1, CerS2, CerS5 and CerS6) in the colon were also determined. Quantitative-PCR analysis indicated that the mRNA levels of these enzymes were overexpressed in the tumor tissues. The activities of NPLD and FAAH were also upregulated. In addition, both gene and protein expression levels of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) were elevated but not of CB2. Elevation of AEA and alteration of ceramides (C16, C24, C18, C20) may qualify as potential endogenous biomarkers and novel drug targets for colorectal cancer.
Polymerization of acrylates by atom transfer radical polymerization. Homopolymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (1998)

The application of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) to the homopolymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, a functional monomer, is reported. The polymerizations exhibit first-order kinetics, and molecular weights increase linearly with conversion. Polydispersities remain low throughout the polymerization (Mw/Mn ≈ 1.2). Reactions were conducted in bulk and in 1 : 1 (by volume) aqueous solution; the latter demonstrates the resilience of ATRP to protic media. Analysis of poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) by MALDI-MS and 1H-NMR shows Mn,exp to be much closer to Mn,th than those observed by SEC using polystyrene standards. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 1417–1424, 1998
THE NEUTRAL AMMONIUM SALTS OF SOME SUBSTITUTED BENZOIC ACIDS.: [FIFTH COMMUNICATION.1] (1915)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE NEUTRAL AMMONIUM SALTS OF SOME SUBSTITUTED BENZOIC ACIDS.: [FIFTH COMMUNICATION.1]Leroy McMaster and I. H. GodloveCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1915, 37, 9, 2181–2188Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1915Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1915https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02174a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02174a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Covalent coupling of 4-thiouridine in the initiator methionine tRNA to specific lysine residues in Escherichia coli methionyl-tRNA synthetase (1987)

A new method has been developed to couple a lysine-reactive cross-linker to the 4-thiouridine residue at position 8 in the primary structure of the Escherichia coli initiator methionine tRNA (tRNAfMet). Incubation of the affinity-labeling tRNAfMet derivative with E. coli methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS) yielded a covalent complex of the protein and nucleic acid and resulted in loss of amino acid acceptor activity of the enzyme. A stoichiometric relationship (1:1) was observed between the amount of cross-linked tRNA and the amount of enzyme inactivated. Cross-linking was effectively inhibited by unmodified tRNAfMet, but not by noncognate tRNAPhe. The covalent complex was digested with trypsin, and the resulting tRNA-bound peptides were purified from excess free peptides by anion-exchange chromatography. The tRNA was then degraded with T1 ribonuclease, and the peptides bound to the 4-thiouridine-containing dinucleotide were purified by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Two major peptide products were isolated plus several minor peptides. N-Terminal sequencing of the peptides obtained in highest yield revealed that the 4-thiouridine was cross-linked to lysine residues 402 and 439 in the primary sequence of MetRS. Since many prokaryotic tRNAs contain 4-thiouridine, the procedures described here should prove useful for identification of peptide sequences near this modified base when a variety of tRNAs are bound to specific proteins.
Characterization of a human ovarian adenocarcinoma line, IGROV1, in tissue culture and in nude mice. (1985)

A cell line, IGROV1, originating from an ovarian carcinoma of a 47-year-old woman was established in tissue culture and in nude mice. Maintained in monolayer cultures, IGROV1 cells exhibited a 20-h doubling time and highly tumorigenic properties. The s.c. injection of 2 X 10(6) cultured cells into nude mice gave rise to fast growing tumors, while the i.p. route induced a peritoneal carcinomatosis with ascites which killed the animals in 2 months. The epithelial morphology of IGROV1 cells was retained during in vitro and in vivo passages, as judged by both the light and the electron microscopes. Two cytogenetic markers characterize IGROV1 cells: a paracentric inversion of chromosome 3, and a translocation between chromosomes 2 and 5. The constitutional karyotype of the patient was normal. These characteristics make the IGROV1 cell line a suitable experimental model for the treatment of human ovarian carcinomas and for biological studies of human solid tumors.
A prospective, single-blind randomised study on the effect of intercostal nerve protection on early post-thoracotomy pain relief☆ (2009)

The combination of intracostal suture with intercostal muscle flap may not necessarily achieve better post-thoracotomy pain control than using intracostal suture alone.
More Modular Exponential (MODP) Diffie-Hellman groups for Internet Key Exchange (IKE) (2003)

This document defines new Modular Exponential (MODP) Groups for the Internet Key Exchange (IKE) protocol.It documents the well known and used 1536 bit group 5, and also defines new 2048, 3072, 4096, 6144, and 8192 bit Diffie-Hellman groups numbered starting at 14.The selection of the primes for theses groups follows the criteria established by Richard Schroeppel.
Effect of octreotide on gastric and small bowel motility in patients with gastroparesis (1998)

We conclude that octreotide's marked inhibitory effect on antral contractility may serve to worsen clinical symptoms in patients with gastroparesis and therefore this agent should not be given in the periprandial period. Those gastroparetic patients with associated small bowel dysmotility and diarrhoea from bacterial overgrowth may benefit from the nocturnal administration of octreotide because of its stimulatory effect of phase III MMC activity as well as its known inhibitory effect on small bowel secretions.
Macrophage accumulation in mice is inhibited by low molecular weight products from murine leukemia viruses. (1980)

Low m.w. extracts from three known oncogenic viruses, Friend, Moloney, and Rauscher, inhibited the accumulation of macrophages at sites of delayed inflammatory reactions in mice. The potential biologic significance of these proteins is suggested by their potency: as little as 1.2 ng of viral protein inhibited (p less than 0.02) macrophage accumulation when injected at a site distant to the inflammatory reaction. A virus envelope protein fraction of 15,000 daltons (p15E) was likewise found to inhibit macrophage accumulation and may in part represent the active factor of the virus extracts. Certain oncogenic viruses may thus exert their immunosuppressive activity by release of potent inhibitors of systemic macrophage function.
Image compression with a hierarchical neural network (1996)

A neural network data compression method is presented. This network accepts a large amount of image or text data, compresses it for storage or transmission, and subsequently restores it when desired. A new training method, referred to as the Nested Training Algorithm (NTA), that reduces the training time considerably is presented. Analytical results are provided for the specification of the optimal learning rates and the size of the training data for a given image of specified dimensions. Performance of the network has been evaluated using both synthetic and real-world data. It is shown that the developed architecture and training algorithm provide high compression ratio and low distortion while maintaining the ability to generalize, and is very robust as well.
Experimental and theoretical studies of protein transport in hollow-fibre bioreactors for mammalian cell culture (2009)

Cultivation of marnrnalian cells in the extracapillary space (ECS) of hollow-fibre bioreactors (HFBRs) is increasingly used for the production of useful proteins such as monoclonal antibodies. One of the greatest challenges associated with the operation of HFBRs is the maintenance of a uniform cell growth environment. In particular, the distributions of growth-factor proteins can be highly heterogeneous, leading to poor performance or even failure of the culture. Another important aspect of HFBR operation is the harvesting of product proteins from the ECS. Considering the high costs of the product and media proteins, there is a strong motivation for carrying out studies that will provide a better understanding of protein behaviour in HFBRs. The main focus of this thesis was the development of mathematical models describing different aspects of protein transport in HFBRs. The models were validated using protein concentration data collected during cell-free HFBR experiments. A one-dimensional Krogh cylinder model was employed to analyse hindered transmembrane transport relevant to the leakage of smaller proteins from the ECS. A two-dimensional porous medium model (PMM) was used to simulate open-shell operations such as harvesting. An advanced, three-dimensional PMM formulation permitted an extensive analysis of gravity-influenced free-convective ECS protein transport at different HFBR orientations. The dynamics of protein leakage in HFBRs was found to depend on many factors, including initial protein placement, perfusion flow rate, and the addition of a nonleaking protein to the ECS. An open-shell ECS shunt was predicted to be a viable alternative to the traditional closed-shell HFBR configuration, while cocurrent harvesting was found more efficient than countercurrent harvesting. Most studies revealed that the protein transfer between the fibre bundle and the manifolds played a significant role in ECS protein redistribution. Numerous model simulations confirmed the occurrence of forced-convective downstream polarisation of ECS proteins under typical operating conditions. The heterogeneity of protein distribution was greatly reduced by directing the perfusion flow upward, in which case strong free-convective flows mixed the contents of the ECS. These effects were most pronounced in cartridges oriented vertical-up, which might be a nonstandard but nonetheless promising configuration for use in future HFBR cell culture.
Variation in Transcription Factor Binding Among Humans (2010)

Differences in gene expression may play a major role in speciation and phenotypic diversity. We examined genome-wide differences in transcription factor (TF) binding in several humans and a single chimpanzee by using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing. The binding sites of RNA polymerase II (PolII) and a key regulator of immune responses, nuclear factor kappaB (p65), were mapped in 10 lymphoblastoid cell lines, and 25 and 7.5% of the respective binding regions were found to differ between individuals. Binding differences were frequently associated with single-nucleotide polymorphisms and genomic structural variants, and these differences were often correlated with differences in gene expression, suggesting functional consequences of binding variation. Furthermore, comparing PolII binding between humans and chimpanzee suggests extensive divergence in TF binding. Our results indicate that many differences in individuals and species occur at the level of TF binding, and they provide insight into the genetic events responsible for these differences.
Clozapine in the treatment of psychotic mood disorders, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. (1991)

Clozapine may be a useful drug in the treatment of patients with schizoaffective disorder or psychotic mood disorders who are treatment resistant or intolerant of side effects.
An effective hybrid transactional memory system with strong isolation guarantees (2007)

We propose signature-accelerated transactional memory (SigTM), ahybrid TM system that reduces the overhead of software transactions. SigTM uses hardware signatures to track the read-set and write-set forpending transactions and perform conflict detection between concurrent threads. All other transactional functionality, including dataversioning, is implemented in software. Unlike previously proposed hybrid TM systems, SigTM requires no modifications to the hardware caches, which reduces hardware cost and simplifies support for nested transactions and multithreaded processor cores. SigTM is also the first hybrid TM system to provide strong isolation guarantees between transactional blocks and non-transactional accesses without additional read and write barriers in non-transactional code. Using a set of parallel programs that make frequent use of coarse-grain transactions, we show that SigTM accelerates software transactions by 30% to 280%. For certain workloads, SigTM can match the performance of a full-featured hardware TM system, while for workloads with large read-sets it can be up to two times slower. Overall, we show that SigTM combines the performance characteristics and strong isolation guarantees of hardware TM implementations with the low cost and flexibility of software TM systems.
Cellular and Humoral Autoreactivity in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2007)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a morbid, refractory lung disorder with an unknown pathogenesis. To investigate potential adaptive immune mechanisms in IPF, we compared phenotypes and effector functions of peripheral CD4 T cells, autoantibody production, and proliferative responses of pulmonary hilar lymph node CD4 T cells to autologous lung extracts from afflicted patients and normals. Our results show that greater proportions of peripheral CD4 T lymphocytes in IPF subjects expressed MHC class II and CD154 (CD40L), and they more frequently elaborated TGF-beta1, IL-10, and TNF-alpha. Abnormal CD4 T cell clonal expansions were found in all IPF patients, and 82% of these subjects also had IgG autoantibodies against cellular Ags. IPF lung extracts stimulated proliferations of autologous CD4 T cells, unlike preparations from normals or those with other lung diseases, and the IPF proliferative responses were enhanced by repeated cycles of stimulation. Thus, CD4 T cells from IPF patients have characteristics typical of cell-mediated pathologic responses, including augmented effector functions, provision of facultative help for autoantibody production, oligoclonal expansions, and proliferations driven by an Ag present in diseased tissues. Recognition that an autoreactive immune process is present in IPF can productively focus efforts toward identifying the responsible Ag, and implementing more effective therapies.