gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human milk containing specific secretory IgA inhibits binding of Giardia lamblia to nylon and glass surfaces. (1991)

The effects of human milk, containing specific secretory IgA, on the adherence of Giardia lamblia trophozoites in the presence and in the absence of intestinal mucus in vitro were studied. It was found that the trophozoites treated with breast milk, containing specific secretory IgA to G. lamblia, showed a significant decrease (p less than 0.01) in adherence to nylon fibre columns and glass surfaces than did trophozoites treated with milk containing no SIgA antibodies. The adherence to glass surfaces was significantly more (p less than 0.01) in the presence of intestinal mucus than when the mucus was absent. Milk that did not contain specific secretory SIgA to G. lamblia did not decrease the adherence to glass surfaces either in the presence or in the absence of mucus. The fluorescence study revealed the binding of specific secretory IgA on the trophozoite surface. The results suggest that binding of SIgA antibodies in milk to G. lamblia trophozoites inhibits parasite adherence, thus protecting against this infection in breast-fed babies.
Homeostasis of T cell diversity. (2005)

T cell homeostasis commonly refers to the maintenance of relatively stable T cell numbers in the peripheral lymphoid organs. Among the large numbers of T cells in the periphery, T cells exhibit structural diversity, i.e., the expression of a diverse repertoire of T cell receptors (TCRs), and functional diversity, i.e., the presence of T cells at naive, effector, and memory developmental stages. Although the homeostasis of T cell numbers has been extensively studied, investigation of the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of structural and functional diversity of T cells is still at an early stage. The fundamental feature throughout T cell development is the interaction between the TCR and either self or foreign peptides in association with MHC molecules. In this review, we present evidence showing that homeostasis of T cell number and diversity is mediated through competition for limiting resources. The number of T cells is maintained through competition for limiting cytokines, whereas the diversity of T cells is maintained by competition for self-peptide-MHC complexes. In other words, diversity of the self-peptide repertoire limits the structural (TCR) diversity of a T cell population. We speculate that cognate low affinity self-peptides, acting as weak agonists and antagonists, regulate the homeostasis of T cell diversity whereas non-cognate or null peptides which are extremely abundant for any given TCR, may contribute to the homeostasis of T cell number by providing survival signals. Moreover, self-peptides and cytokines may form specialized niches for the regulation of T cell homeostasis.
Expanding the Substrate Scope for C−H Amination Reactions:  Oxidative Cyclization of Urea and Guanidine Derivatives (2006)

[reaction: see text] Oxidative C-H amination of N-trichloroethoxysulfonyl-protected ureas and guanidines is demonstrated to proceed in high yield for tertiary and benzylic-derived substrates. The success of these reactions is predicated on the choice of the electron-withdrawn 2,2,2-trichloroethoxysulfonyl (Tces) protecting group, the commercial catalyst Rh(2)(esp)(2) (1-2 mol %), and toluene as solvent. The frequency with which the heterocyclic imidazolidin-2-ones and 2-aminoimidazolines appear as structural elements in both natural products and therapeutically designed molecules confers these methods with a large number of potential applications.
In Vivo Nasal Potential Difference: Techniques and Protocols for Assessing Efficacy of Gene Transfer in Cystic Fibrosis (1995)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenetic disease that is associated with chronic airways disease and early death. The pulmonary disease reflects mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, and associated abnormal epithelial ion transport, including defective cAMP-mediated (CFTR) Cl- secretion and an accelerated rate of basal Na+ transport. With the development of vectors for gene therapy, the airway epithelium of CF patients has been targeted for studies of gene transfer. The biological efficacy of gene transfer of the normal CFTR cDNA into CF respiratory epithelia can be assessed by in vivo measurements of the transepithelial potential difference (PD), a parameter of ion transport that reflects the expression and function of CFTR. This paper describes techniques that can be used to discriminate in vivo between the ion transport phenotype of normal subjects and patients with cystic fibrosis. Protocols are outlined to allow assessment of individual components of the electrolyte transport phenotype, i.e., the magnitude of the basal and cAMP-mediated (CFTR) Cl- secretion, and the rate of Na+ transport. The physiologic basis of the protocols and important technical features of these measurements are defined. If performed properly, the in vivo nasal PD technique clearly discriminates between normal subjects and cystic fibrosis patients, and can yield estimates of the biological efficacy of gene transfer to achieve correction of the electrolyte transport defects in CF patients.
Current-sensing techniques for DC-DC converters (2003)

Current sensing is one of the most important functions on a smart power chip. Conventional current-sensing methods insert a resistor in the path of the current to be sensed. This method incurs significant power losses, especially when the current to be sensed is high. Lossless current-sensing methods address this issue by sensing the current without dissipating the power that passive resistors do. Six available lossless current sensing techniques are reviewed. A new scheme for increasing the accuracy of current sensing when the discrete elements are not known is introduced. The new scheme measures the inductor value during the DC-DC controller startup.
Low‐Voltage Interface Technology for CGS TFT‐LCD with Low Power Consumption (1999)

Abstract A low‐voltage interface is essential for AMLCDs with integrated drivers in order to achieve a simple, low‐power interface between the panel and the peripherals. In this paper, we propose an architecture for a low‐voltage interface together with circuit embodiments which are well suited to implementation in CGS technology. The new circuitry has much lower power consumption than conventional methods.
The Composition of Coronary-Artery Plaques (1997)

Smoking, elevated levels of plasma lipids, and hypertension are known to increase the number of atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta and coronary arteries.1,2 The influence of these cardiovascular risk factors on the structure and composition of individual plaques has been less well studied.The common factor precipitating acute cardiac events in patients with coronary artery disease is thrombosis. Thrombosis develops on a plaque either because the overlying endothelium undergoes denudation (erosion) or because the plaque tears open (rupture), exposing the highly thrombogenic core to blood in the arterial lumen.3 The two processes differ in that after endothelial erosion the . . .
Degradation and Wear of Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene (1985)

A ten-station joint simulator was used to examine the wear properties of 18 total hip prostheses. The wear rates of polyethylene acetabular cups bearing against titanium alloy femoral components were compared to those with either Type 316 stainless steel or cobalt-chrome alloy controls. Three titanium alloy prostheses and three controls were tested from three different manufacturers. Wear was determined by weighing the acetabular cups, using soak-controls to correct for fluid absorption. One million cycles were run under physiological loading, with bovine serum lubrication. For two of the three sets of prostheses, the titanium alloy generated higher mean polyethylene wear rates than the controls. However, the difference was not statistically significant (p &amp;gt; 0.05). The titanium alloy components showed more extensive surface abrasion than either the stainless steel or cobalt-chrome components. This appeared to be an artifact of joint simulator testing, since such extensive surface abrasion was not observed on numerous prostheses removed from patients after several years of use. The third set of titanium alloy prostheses, which had been subjected to a special surface hardening process, showed virtually no surface abrasion, and the mean polyethylene wear rate was identical to that with the cobaltchrome controls. All of the polyethylene wear rates were in the range generally reported for total hip prostheses in clinical use.
Functional test using behavior models (2003)

The authors present a test synthesis system called TDX which uses functional information extracted from behavior models to generate high quality test vectors. TDX is designed to operate in a functional test mode or a fault-directed mode. In either of these two modes, fault simulation is performed on the resulting test sequences in order to compute the quality of the resulting test sequences. The main difference between these two modes of operation lies in the fact that functional test depends strictly on the behavioral model. TDX has been run on circuits ranging in size up to 80000 gates. Some benchmarks are dominated by large state machines and/or counters that did not receive any DFT (design-for-testability) attention. In general, these benchmarks tended to be designs that companies have found to be difficult, if not impossible, for commercial gate-oriented ATPG (automatic test pattern generation) programs to handle. TDX has been quite successful on these benchmark circuits, achieving fault coverage of as much as 98% on circuits where conventional gate-level ATPGs did very poorly, and TDX has even outperformed engineers writing manual test programs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Adult Risk Factors for Age-Related Disease (2009)

Children exposed to adverse psychosocial experiences have enduring emotional, immune, and metabolic abnormalities that contribute to explaining their elevated risk for age-related disease. The promotion of healthy psychosocial experiences for children is a necessary and potentially cost-effective target for the prevention of age-related disease.
Melting and freezing behavior of indium metal in porous glasses (1993)

The size-dependent melting and freezing behavior of In metal in porous silica glasses with mean pore diameters between 6 and 141 nm has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The melting and freezing temperatures of the pore In were always less than the corresponding bulk values, and varied in inverse proportion to the diameter of the confining silica pores. In the smallest pores the latent heat of fusion was also determined, and found to be about one-third of its bulk value. The observed size dependence of the melting temperature was in good agreement with the predictions of thermodynamic treatments of melting in finite systems, and allowed the solid-liquid interfacial free energy to be estimated for several different geometrical models. The measured latent heat, however, was smaller than expected based on thermodynamic considerations. No evidence for an energy barrier separating the solid from the liquid was found.
Detection of hemoglobin variants in erythrocytes by flow cytometry (1999)

This procedure is easy, reproducible, and gives accurate F cell results. It can be used to measure a wide range of F cell percentages and may also be used to dual-stain Hb F along with other hemoglobin variants and erythrocyte surface antigens.
Cancer therapy with chemically modified enzymes. I. Antitumor properties of polyethylene glycol-asparaginase conjugates. (1984)

The covalent attachment of monomethoxypolyethylene glycol (PEG) to asparaginases from Escherichia coli and Vibrio succinogenes by new coupling methodology produced conjugates that are active, stable, without significant immune response, and with greatly extended plasma half-lives in mice. Therapeutic efficacies were greater for the PEG-asparaginases than for the unmodified asparaginases in mice infected with the L5178Y lymphosarcoma or the 6C3HED tumor. Large single doses of native or modified enzymes were more effective against tumors than the same amount of enzyme given in smaller doses over several days.
Markerless deletions of pil genes in Myxococcus xanthus generated by counterselection with the Bacillus subtilis sacB gene (1996)

In-frame deletions of pilA and pilS were constructed in Myxococcus xanthus with a plasmid integration-excision strategy facilitated by sacB. sacB conferred sucrose sensitivity upon its M. xanthus host only when it lay in the same orientation as adjacent M. xanthus genes. Gene orientation also affected the efficiency of sucrose counterselection in the sucrose-sensitive strains. The deltapilA mutant lacked pili and social motility, while the deltapilS mutant showed no defect in either phenotype.
Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Medical Personnel After Needlestick Accident (1992)

Hepatitis C virus infections in medical personnel after needlestick accidents have been documented generally by detection of seroconversion to a hepatitis C virus nonstructural region antigen, c100-3 (a marker of infection). We tested for hepatitis C virus core-derived antibodies and genomic RNA in addition to c100-3 antibody in 159 cases of needlestick exposure that did not involve patients positive for HBsAg. Of these we found 68 cases with index patients positive for both hepatitis C virus RNA and antibodies and members negative for antibodies to HCV core or c100-3 before the needlestick accidents. Seven of these medical personnel became infected with hepatitis C virus after the accidents. Their hepatitis was generally subclinical or self-limited and transient, except for one patient in whom liver enzyme elevation persisted along with the antibodies. In our study, the risk of hepatitis C virus transmission from a single needlestick accident with hepatitis C virus RNA-positive blood was 10%, considerably higher than the 4% estimated in a previous study. We found that donor blood with antibody to an hepatitis C virus core-derived peptide with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay optical densities greater than 2.0 carried a significant risk of transmitting hepatitis C virus to needlestick victims. No hepatitis C virus seroconversions occurred in medical personnel exposed to hepatitis C virus antibody-negative or hepatitis C virus RNA-negative blood; however, one such exposure resulted in a very mild non-A, non-B, non-C hepatitis.
High-Concentration PV using III-V Solar Cells (2006)

Recently, high-concentration PV using III-V solar cells becomes more attractive and several companies were founded. In the first part of this paper we present examples of III-V based high-concentration systems. The second part of the paper is devoted to experimental results obtained for a CPV system using FLATCONreg-type modules. An averaged system efficiency of 19.1% and a maximum system efficiency of 22.2% were determined. FLATCONreg test modules using triple-junction solar cells achieved outdoor measured efficiencies of 26.8%
Telomere length is a prognostic factor for overall survival in colorectal cancer (2010)

Telomere length ratio is an independent prognostic factor for survival in colorectal cancer patients, and the telomere lengths in the normal and tumour mucosa of the same patient present with parallel behaviour.
CD20-selective inhibition of CD47-SIRPα “don't eat me” signaling with a bispecific antibody-derivative enhances the anticancer activity of daratumumab, alemtuzumab and obinutuzumab (2017)

Here, we report on a novel bispecific antibody-derivative, designated RTX-CD47, with unique capacity for CD20-directed inhibition of CD47-SIRPα "don't eat me" signaling. RTX-CD47 comprises a CD20-targeting scFv antibody fragment derived from rituximab fused in tandem to a CD47-blocking scFv. Single agent treatment with RTX-CD47 triggered significant phagocytic removal of CD20<sup>pos</sup>/CD47<sup>pos</sup> malignant B-cells, but not of CD20<sup>neg</sup>/CD47<sup>pos</sup> cells, and required no pro-phagocytic FcR-mediated signaling. Importantly, treatment with RTX-CD47 synergistically enhanced the phagocytic elimination of primary malignant B cells by autologous phagocytic effector cells as induced by therapeutic anticancer antibodies daratumumab (anti-CD38), alemtuzumab (anti-CD52) and obinutuzumab (anti-CD20). In conclusion, RTX-CD47 blocks CD47 "don't eat me" signaling by cancer cells in a CD20-directed manner with essentially no activity towards CD20<sup>neg</sup>/CD47<sup>pos</sup> cells and enhances the activity of therapeutic anticancer antibodies directed to B-cell malignancies.
(E)-4-{2-[[3-(Indol-5-yl)-1-oxo-2-butenyl]amino]phenoxy}butyric Acid Derivatives: A New Class of Steroid 5.alpha.-Reductase Inhibitors in the Rat Prostate. 1 (1995)

A series of (E)-4-(2-[[3-(indol-5-yl)-1-oxo-2-butenyl]amino]phenoxy)butyric acid derivatives was prepared, and the derivatives were demonstrated to be potent inhibitors of steroid 5 alpha-reductase in the rat prostate. The structure-activity relationships were as follows. An alpha-branched alkyl or benzyl substituent of proper size at position 1 of the indole is crucial for optimal enzyme inhibitory activity. N-Methylation of the amide NH resulted in complete loss of activity. Thus, coplanarity of the benzene ring and amide moiety is essential for such activity. Among the compounds prepared, (E)-4-(2-[[3-[1-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]indol-5-yl]-1-oxo-2- butenyl]-amino]phenoxy)butyric acid (57, KF18678) was one of the most potent compounds (rat prostate 5 alpha-reductase IC50 = 3.3 nM).
IGFBP3 impedes aggressive growth of pediatric liver cancer and is epigenetically silenced in vascular invasive and metastatic tumors (2012)

This study provides the first direct evidence that the reactivation of IGFBP3 decreases aggressive properties of pediatric liver cancer cells and that IGFBP3 promoter methylation might be used as an indicator for vessel-invasive tumor growth in HB patients.
Functional analysis of human ornithine decarboxylase alleles. (2000)

It has been known for > 10 years that there are two alleles of the human ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) gene, defined by a polymorphic PstI RFLP in intron 1. We have sequenced a large portion of each of the two alleles, including some of the 5' promoter region, exon 1, intron 1, and exon 2, and determined that a single nucleotide polymorphism at base +317 (relative to transcription start site) is responsible for the presence or absence of the PstI restriction site. We have developed two genotyping assays, a PCR-RFLP assay and a high-throughput TaqMan-based method, and determined the ODC genotype distribution in >900 North American DNA samples. On the basis of its location between two closely spaced Myc/Max binding sites (E-boxes), we speculated that the single nucleotide polymorphism at base +317 could have functional significance. Results of transfection assays with allele-specific reporter constructs support this hypothesis. The promoter/regulatory region derived from the minor ODC allele (A allele) was more effective in driving luciferase expression in these assays than the identical region from the major allele (G allele). Our results suggest that individuals homozygous for the A allele may be capable of greater ODC expression after environmental exposures, especially those that up-regulate c-MYC expression.
The role of magnesium in stabilising amorphous calcium carbonate and controlling calcite morphologies (2003)

Calcium carbonate has been precipitated from aqueous solutions containing magnesium under conditions of high supersaturation. The precipitates were analysed over time using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), and it was demonstrated that in all cases amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) was the first phase formed. The magnesium content of the ACC was defined by the Mg:Ca ratio in the solution, and increased systematically with increasing Mg:Ca. In turn, ACC occluding higher magnesium concentrations was significantly more stable than low magnesium ACC. The crystalline phase produced on transformation of ACC depended on the Mg:Ca ratio, and ACC precipitated from solutions containing higher Mg concentrations crystallised to yield high-Mg calcites (occluding up to 47 mol% Mg), together with CaCO3.H2O and/or CaCO3.6H2O. The magnesium content of the ACC phase also directly affected the final morphology of the precipitates, such that continuous sheets of CaCO3 were produced at the air/solution interface at solution ratios of 3:1 Mg:Ca and above. Previously, this effect has only been observed for ACC stabilised with organic additives. These results have relevance to the mechanism of formation of biological magnesian calcites, and suggest that the stabilisation of ACC by magnesium may provide organisms with a mechanism for controlling crystal morphologies.
Highly Phosphorescence Iridium Complexes and Their Application in Organic Light-Emitting Devices (2003)

A new series of iridium(III) mixed ligand complexes TBA[Ir(ppy)(2)(CN)(2)] (1), TBA[Ir(ppy)(2)(NCS)(2)] (2), TBA[Ir(ppy)(2)(NCO)(2)] (3), and [Ir(ppy)(2)(acac)] (4) (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine; acac = acetoylacetonate, TBA = tetrabutylammonium cation) have been developed and fully characterized by UV-vis, emission, IR, NMR, and cyclic voltammetric studies. The lowest energy MLCT transitions are tuned from 463 to 494 nm by tuning the energy of the HOMO levels. These complexes show emission maxima in the blue, green, and yellow region of the visible spectrum and exhibit unprecedented phosphorescence quantum yields, 97 +/- 3% with an excited-state lifetimes of 1-3 micros in dichloromethane solution at 298 K. The near-unity quantum yields of these complexes are related to an increased energy gap between the triplet emitting state and the deactivating e(g) level that have been achieved by meticulous selection of ligands having strong ligand field strength. Organic light-emitting devices were fabricated using the complex 4 doped into a purified 4,4'-bis(carbazol-9-yl)biphenyl host exhibiting a maximum of the external quantum efficiencies of 13.2% and a power efficiency of 37 lm/W for the 9 mol % doped system.
Efficient parallel data mining for association rules (1995)

In this paper, we develop an algorithm, called PDM, to conduct parallel data mining for association rules. Consider