gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Caveolin-1 and Cancer Metabolism in the Tumor Microenvironment: Markers, Models, and Mechanisms (2011)

Caveolins are a family of membrane-bound scaffolding proteins that compartmentalize and negatively regulate signal transduction. Recent studies have implicated a loss of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) expression in the pathogenesis of human cancers. Loss of Cav-1 expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts results in an activated tumor microenvironment, thereby driving early tumor recurrence, metastasis, and poor clinical outcome in breast and prostate cancers. We describe various paracrine signaling mechanism(s) by which the loss of stromal Cav-1 promotes tumor progression, including fibrosis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and the metabolic/catabolic reprogramming of cancer-associated fibroblast, to fuel the growth of adjacent tumor cells. It appears that oxidative stress is the root cause of initiation of the loss of stromal Cav-1 via autophagy, which provides further impetus for the use of antioxidants in anticancer therapy. Finally, we discuss the functional role of Cav-1 in epithelial cancer cells.
Remote sensing of water vapor in the near IR from EOS/MODIS (1992)

The LOWTRAN-7 code was used to simulate remote sensing of water vapor over 20 different surface covers. The simulation was used to optimize the water vapor channel selection and to test the accuracy of the remote sensing method. The channel selection minimizes the uncertainty in the derived water vapor due to variations in the spectral dependence of the surface reflectance. The selection also minimizes the sensitivity of the selected channels to possible drift in the channel position. The use of additional MODIS channels reduces the errors due to the effect of haze, subpixel clouds and uncertainties in the temperature profile. Remote sensing of the variation of water vapor from day to day will be more accurate, because the surface reflectances vary slowly with time. The method was applied to Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Influence of K and Ca on Quality and Yield of Watermelon (1983)

Abstract Fertilizer K supplied as KC1, and Ca supplied as gypsum, interacted in their effect on yield and tissue composition of ‘Calhoun Gray’ watermelon [ Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. &amp; Nakai]. Increased rates of K significantly affected yield in a curvilinear manner. Response for K at varying levels of Ca had linear and either cubic and/or quadratic relationships. Increased rates of Ca reduced K uptake and yield. There was a highly significant inverse relationship between tissue K and tissue Ca. Although there was a significant K x Ca interaction on yield, individual element correlation coefficients with yield also were significant. Increased rates of fertilizer K increased rind thickness at watermelon equator, which was found to be related to watermelon rupture pressure. Ca and blossomend rind thickness had no influence on rupture pressure. K and Ca did not influence blossom-end rot, redness of flesh, or soluble solids of watermelon.
Identification of the aspartic proteinases from human erythrocyte membranes and gastric mucosa (slow-moving proteinase) as catalytically equivalent to cathepsin E (1988)

Three aspartic proteinases with similar Mr values (approx. 80,000) but from distinct sources (human gastric mucosa, human erythrocyte membranes and rat spleen) were shown to have immunological cross-reactivity and comparable mobilities when subjected to polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis under non-denaturing conditions. Kinetic parameters (kcat, Km and Ki) were determined for the interactions of the three enzymes with two synthetic chromogenic substrates and five inhibitors (naturally occurring and synthetic). On this basis it would appear that all of the enzymes should be considered equivalent to cathepsin E. pH-activity measurements indicated that the aspartic proteinase that originated from the erythrocyte membranes retained activity at a higher pH value than either of its readily soluble counterparts.
Stem cells isolated from adipose tissue of obese patients show changes in their transcriptomic profile that indicate loss in stemcellness and increased commitment to an adipocyte-like phenotype (2013)

The transcriptomic profile of the stem cells reservoir in obese subcutaneous WAT is highly modified with significant changes in genes regulating stemcellness, lineage commitment and inflammation. In addition to body mass index, cardiovascular risk factor clustering further affect the ASC transcriptomic profile inducing loss of multipotency and, hence, capacity for tissue repair. In summary, the stem cells in the subcutaneous WAT niche of obese patients are already committed to adipocyte differentiation and show an upregulated inflammatory gene expression associated to their loss of stemcellness.
A QUASI-PASSIVE LEG EXOSKELETON FOR LOAD-CARRYING AUGMENTATION (2007)

A quasi-passive leg exoskeleton is presented for load-carrying augmentation during walking. The exoskeleton has no actuators, only ankle and hip springs and a knee variable-damper. Without a payload, the exoskeleton weighs 11.7 kg and requires only 2 Watts of electrical power during loaded walking. For a 36 kg payload, we demonstrate that the quasi-passive exoskeleton transfers on average 80% of the load to the ground during the single support phase of walking. By measuring the rate of oxygen consumption on a study participant walking at a self-selected speed, we find that the exoskeleton slightly increases the walking metabolic cost of transport (COT) as compared to a standard loaded backpack (10% increase). However, a similar exoskeleton without joint springs or damping control (zero-impedance exoskeleton) is found to increase COT by 23% compared to the loaded backpack, highlighting the benefits of passive and quasi-passive joint mechanisms in the design of efficient, low-mass leg exoskeletons.
MicroRNA Biogenesis and Cancer (2005)

MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a recently discovered family of short non-protein-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression. Recent studies of miRNAs highlight a requirement for cell viability. Posttranscriptional silencing of target genes by miRNAs occurs either by targeting specific cleavage of homologous mRNAs, or by targeting specific inhibition of protein synthesis. We recently identified a multisubunit protein complex termed Microprocessor that is necessary and sufficient for processing miRNA precursor RNAs. Microprocessor contains Drosha, an RNase III endonuclease, and DGCR8, a gene deleted in DiGeorge syndrome. We consider recent findings that link miRNA perturbation to cancer.
Ueber die Einwirkung von Dichloressigsäure auf Anilin und Homologe. (Zweite Mittheilung.) (1908)

Die Reaction erfolgt wahrscheinlich bei o-Toluidin und m-Xylidin-l,2,3.
Disentangling Neighbors and Extended Range Density Oscillations in Monatomic Amorphous Semiconductors (2012)

High energy x-ray diffraction measurements of pure amorphous Ge were made and its radial distribution function (RDF) was determined at high resolution, revealing new information on the atomic structure of amorphous semiconductors. Fine structure in the second peak in the RDF provides evidence that a fraction of third neighbors are closer than some second neighbors; taking this into account leads to a narrow distribution of tetrahedral bond angles, (8.5 ± 0.1)°. A small peak which appears near 5 Å upon thermal annealing shows that some ordering in the dihedral bond-angle distribution takes place during structural relaxation. Extended range order is detected (in both a-Ge and a-Si) which persists to beyond 20 Å, and both the periodicity and its decay length increase upon thermal annealing. Previously, the effect of structural relaxation was only detected at intermediate range, involving reduced tetrahedral bond-angle distortions. These results enhance our understanding of the atomic order in continuous random networks and place significantly more stringent requirements on computer models intending to describe these networks, or their alternatives which attempt to describe the structure in terms of an arrangement of paracrystals.
A rapid, efficient and facile solution for dental hypersensitivity: The tannin–iron complex (2015)

Dental hypersensitivity due to exposure of dentinal tubules under the enamel layer to saliva is a very popular and highly elusive technology priority in dentistry. Blocking water flow within exposed dentinal tubules is a key principle for curing dental hypersensitivity. Some salts used in "at home" solutions remineralize the tubules inside by concentrating saliva ingredients. An "in-office" option of applying dense resin sealants on the tubule entrance has only localized effects on well-defined sore spots. We report a self-assembled film that was formed by facile, rapid (4 min), and efficient (approximately 0.5 g/L concentration) dip-coating of teeth in an aqueous solution containing a tannic acid-iron(III) complex. It quickly and effectively occluded the dentinal tubules of human teeth. It withstood intense tooth brushing and induced hydroxyapatite remineralisation within the dentinal tubules. This strategy holds great promise for future applications as an effective and user-friendly desensitizer for managing dental hypersensitivity.
The Transport of a Drug to the Cerebrospinal Fluid Directly from the Nasal Cavity: The Relation to the Lipophilicity of the Drug. (1991)

The objective of the present study was to clarify the relation between drug transport to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the nasal cavity and the lipophilicity of the drug using hydrophilic sulfonamides as model drugs. The nasal cavity of the rat was perfused in a single pass system and the concentrations of sulfonamides in plasma and CSF were measured. The drug concentrations in CSF and plasma after nasal perfusion were compared with those after intravenous (i.v.) administration. The drug concentrations in the CSF were remarkably high after nasal perfusion in comparison with those after i.v. administration, though the time course of the plasma concentration was not much different from that after i.v. administration. These results suggested the existence of a direct transport pathway of the sulfonamides from the nose to the CSF. In addition, the drug concentrations in the CSF increased with increasing the lipophilicity of the drugs (the partition coefficient (Pc) of the drugs between isoamyl alcohol and pH 7.4 phosphate buffer). A significant correlation was observed between the drug concentrations in CSF and Pc. In conclusion, the direct transport pathway of the sulfonamides from the nose to the CSF was confirmed and, with regard to drugs with comparatively low lipophilicity, the degree of the transport depended on its Pc.
Effects of Aprotinin Dosage on Renal Function (2008)

In the current analysis, aprotinin dosage was not associated with increased adverse renal outcome. In regard to renal outcome, this analysis did not demonstrate an essential detrimental influence of aprotinin dosage on renal function.
Early TCR Expression and Aberrant T Cell Development in Mice with Endogenous Prerearranged T Cell Receptor Genes (2007)

The factors that regulate the rate of production of T cells by the thymus remain incompletely defined. To test whether generation of functional T cell receptors limits the rate of thymic T cell export, we made use of a line of mice, LN3alphabeta, that have endogenously prerearranged TCR genes. The prerearranged TCR genes were expressed abnormally early in hemopoietic development, indicating that RAG-mediated recombination, rather than transcription factor expression, is the key determinant of the initiation of robust TCR transcription. Thymic T cell export rates were similar between wild-type (wt) and LN3alphabeta mice, indicating that T cell maturation rates in these mice are determined by factors other than TCR gene rearrangement. In competitive bone marrow chimeras, however, LN3alphabeta thymocytes were out-competed by wt cells and failed to develop beyond the double-negative 4 stage. Furthermore, wt progenitors transplanted intrathymically into LN3alphabeta mice proliferated excessively, suggesting that increased proliferative signals in the LN3alphabeta thymus compensate for faulty T cell development driven by early TCR expression.
New Strategies for Fluorescent Probe Design in Medical Diagnostic Imaging (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTNew Strategies for Fluorescent Probe Design in Medical Diagnostic ImagingHisataka Kobayashi*†, Mikako Ogawa†, Raphael Alford†, Peter L. Choyke†, and Yasuteru Urano‡View Author Information Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1088, and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: 301-451-4220. Fax: 301-402-3191. E-mail: [email protected]†National Institutes of Health.‡The University of Tokyo.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 5, 2620–2640Publication Date (Web):December 15, 2009Publication History Received2 August 2009Published online15 December 2009Published inissue 12 May 2010https://doi.org/10.1021/cr900263jCopyright © 2009 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views30703Altmetric-Citations1749LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (4 MB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Biological imaging,Fluorescence,Imaging probes,Peptides and proteins,Probes Get e-Alerts
Micro inspection robot for 1-in pipes (1999)

A micro inspection robot for 1-in pipes has been developed. The robot is 23 mm in diameter and 110 mm in length and is equipped with a high-quality micro charge-coupled device (CCD) camera and a dual hand for manipulating small objects in pipes. It can travel through both vertical pipes and curved sections, making possible inspections that would be difficult with conventional endoscopes. Its rate of travel is 6 mm/s and it has a load-pulling power of 1 N. To realize this microrobot, the authors have specially designed and developed several micro devices and micromechanisms: a novel micromechanism called a planetary wheel mechanism for robot drive; a micro electromagnetic motor with a micro planetary reduction gear to drive the planetary wheel mechanism; a micro pneumatic rubber actuator that acts as a hand; a micro CCD camera with high resolution; and a pneumatic wobble motor for rotating the camera and hands. In the paper, the design and performance of these micro devices are reported, the performance of the robot as a whole is described, and an application example is given.
[Usefulness of left ventricular opacification with intravenous contrast echocardiography in patients with asymptomatic negative T waves on electrocardiography]. (2002)

LVO is useful for identifying abnormal findings, especially in the apex in asymptomatic patients with negative T waves on ECG.
Effect of proteases from Porphyromonas gingivalis on adhesion molecules of human periodontal ligament fibroblast cells. (1997)

Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) has been implicated as an important pathogen in periodontal diseases, and its protease (Arg-gingipain) is one of the most important disease-causing factors. We have examined the effect of Arg-gingipain on the cell adhesion molecules of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLF). The Arg-gingipain was purified from the culture supernatant of P. gingivalis. Confluent monolayer cultures of HPLF were incubated for up to 24 hr with Arg-gingipain. As for the morphological changes, HPLF detached from the dish at 16 hr. The growth rate as evaluated by the MTT assay increased at 12 hr, and then the rate decreased. The cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1; CD54, VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; CD106, and VLA-4, very late antigen-4; CD49d/cd29) were constitutively expressed on HPLF by flow cytometric analysis. The amounts of fibronectin were increased at 12 hr and then, its production was decreased. The levels of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and VLA-4 expressions were increased; however, after 16 hr, the levels of expression of all cell adhesion molecules were decreased. Our experiments showed that adhesion decreases as a result of destruction of the extracellular matrix when bacterial protease brings about rapid cell destruction. This may suggest that the increase of expression of cell adhesion molecules is due to a mechanism that compensates for the decreased cellular-extracellular matrix. Alternatively, it may suggest that after the expression is activated, cell adhesion molecules help to increase bacterial adhesion to cells.
Fibroblast Variants Nonresponsive to Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 Are Defective in Its Nuclear Translocation (1998)

Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) elicit biological effects by binding to high affinity cell-surface receptors and activation of receptor tyrosine kinase. We previously reported that two NIH/3T3 derivatives, NR31 and NR33 (NR cells), express high levels of full-length FGF-1 and exhibit a complete spectrum of transformed phenotype. In the present study, we report that NR cells respond to the mitogenic stimulation of truncated FGF-1 but not to the full-length FGF-1. Incubation of the NR cells with either form of FGF-1 resulted in its binding to cell-surface FGF receptors, activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, and induction of c-fos and c-myc. These data demonstrate that the FGF receptor-mediated, MAP kinase-dependent signaling pathway is not defective in the NR cells. Our data further suggest that the activation of MAP kinase in response to full-length FGF-1 is not sufficient for mitogenesis. Subcellular distribution of exogenously added FGF-1 demonstrated that full-length FGF-1 fails to translocate to the nuclei of NR31 cells. Although the full-length FGF-1 was detected in the nuclear fractions of both NIH/3T3 and NR33 cells, its half-life is much shortened in NR33 than in NIH/3T3 cells. These observations suggest that non-responsiveness of the two NR cell lines may be due to defectiveness at different steps of nuclear translocation mechanism of FGF-1.
Isolation of Cultured Cervical Carcinoma Cells Mixed with Peripheral Blood Cells on a Bioelectronic Chip (1998)

The separation and subsequent isolation of the metastatic human cervical carcinoma cell line (HeLa cells) from normal human peripheral blood cells has been achieved by exploiting their differential dielectric properties. The isolation process is carried out on a silicon chip containing a five-by-five array of microlocations. These microlocations contain underlying circular platinum electrodes with 80-micron diameters and center-to-center spacing of 200 microns. The surfaces of the electrodes and nonmetallized areas have been coated with a permeation layer to prevent the direct contact of cells with the electrode and also to minimize the nonspecific adhesion of the cells to the chip surface. An inhomogenous ac field is applied to the electrodes to create the conditions for dielectrophoretic separation of cells. Cell separation using dielectrophoresis as well as electronic lysis on a silicon chip would provide essential sample-processing steps which may be combined with a later multiplex electronic hybridization step in an integrated assay system.
High Dose-Intense Chemotherapy Alone or in Combination with Interleukin-2 for Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Pilot Study (1994)

Given the antitumor activity of interleukin-2 (IL-2) against some drug-resistant cancer cells, 17 previously untreated patients with small cell lung cancer entered a pilot study to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and immunological effects of combining 12-week high dose-intense chemotherapy based on a modified Evans regimen (CAV/PE) with different IL-2 schedules (6-12 MU/m2 week as a 48-72-h infusion using the same cumulative dose, 72 MU/m2). Despite significant myelotoxicity, up to 70% of the intended dose intensity was delivered, showing no differences with regard to the IL-2 schedule used. Immunotherapy-induced toxicity was usually mild and manageable. No limiting effects were observed in patients receiving immunotherapy except for a very poor compliance to the 12-week IL-2 regimen. The low-dose 72-h infusion was the optimal IL-2 schedule. As given in this study, neither of the alternating CAV/PE regimens abrogated the effects of IL-2 on T-cell and NK-cell subsets, showing typical kinetics with rebound in lymphocytes following each discontinuation of the IL-2. While immunological changes cannot predict the antitumor effect of IL-2, they are consistent with those described for IL-2 alone, suggesting its compatibility with high dose-intense chemotherapy. Although no definite advantages have been demonstrated in this small pilot study with significant unbalanced prognostic factors (12% 2-year survival), both the preserved immunostimulatory effects and the lack of limiting overlapping toxicity make this combined approach promising and worthy of further clinical investigation.
Impaired Lymphocyte Function in Untreated Hodgkin's Disease (1974)

To provide a rapid and quantitative in vitro method for assessing cellular immunoresponsiveness in Hodgkin's disease, we measured protein synthesis by lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin. The function of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 44 untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease was investigated and compared with that of lymphocytes from 37 normal persons. A phytohemagglutinin dose-dependent defect in lymphocyte stimulation was detectable in Hodgkin's disease, even in patients with limited disease (Stages I and II). The defect was more pronounced in patients with more extensive disease (Stages III and IV). The lymphocytes of patients in continuous remission for two to eight years after intensive megavoltage radiotherapy also exhibited severely impaired responses. (N Engl J Med 290:181–186, 1974)
Reduce Costs with Dividing-Wall Columns (2002)

This article will review recent developments in dividing-wall column technology and provide guidelines for the design of these columns. Finally, two applications will be discussed to illustrate the design process.
EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS-INDUCED POSTTRANSPLANT LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS (1999)

Epstein-Barr virus-induced posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (EBV-PTLD) continues to be a major complication after solid organ transplantation in high-risk patients. Despite the identification of risk factors that predispose patients to develop EBV-PTLD, limitations in our knowledge of its pathogenesis, variable criteria for establishing the diagnosis, and lack of randomized studies addressing the prevention and treatment of EBV-PTLD hamper the optimal management of this transplant complication. This review summarizes the current knowledge of EBV-PTLD and, as a result of two separate international meetings on this topic, and provides recommendations for future areas of study.