gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemically Regulated Zinc Finger Transcription Factors (2000)

Ligand-dependent transcriptional regulators were generated by fusion of designed Cys(2)-His(2) zinc finger proteins and steroid hormone receptor ligand binding domains. To produce novel DNA binding domains, three-finger proteins binding specific 9-base pair sequences were constructed from modular building blocks. Fusion of these zinc finger proteins to a transcriptional activation domain and to modified ligand binding domains derived from either the estrogen or progesterone receptors yielded potent ligand-dependent transcriptional regulators. Together with optimized minimal promoters, these regulators provide 4-hydroxytamoxifen- or RU486-inducible expression systems with induction ratios of up to 3 orders of magnitude. These inducible expression systems are functionally independent, and each can be selectively switched on within the same cell. The potential use of zinc finger-steroid receptor fusion proteins for the regulation of natural promoters was also explored. A gene-specific six-finger protein binding an 18-base pair target sequence was converted into a ligand-dependent regulator by fusion with either two estrogen receptor ligand binding domains or one ecdysone receptor and one retinoid X receptor ligand binding domain. These single-chain receptor proteins undergo an intramolecular rearrangement, rather than intermolecular dimerization and are functional as monomers. Thus, the ability to engineer DNA binding specificities of zinc finger proteins enables the construction of ligand-dependent transcriptional regulators with potential for the regulation of virtually any desired artificial or natural promoter. It is anticipated that the novel chemically regulated gene switches described herein will find many applications in applied and basic research, where the specific modulation of gene expression can be exploited.
Potassium Compounds (2000)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 1.1. Occurrence 1.2. History 2. Potash Salt Deposits 2.1. Minerals 2.2. Geology of Potash Deposits 3. Mining of Potash Salts 3.1. Shaft Mining 3.2. Extraction, Conveying, and Haulage 3.3. Solution Mining 4. Treatment of Potash Ores 4.1. Intergrowth and Degree of Liberation 4.2. Grinding 5. Potassium Chloride 5.1. Properties 5.2. Production by Crystallization from Solution 5.2.1. Phase Theory 5.2.2. Hot Leaching Process 5.2.3. Processing of Carnallite 5.2.4. Equipment 5.3. Flotation 5.3.1. Potash Ores Suitable for Flotation 5.3.2. Carrier Solutions 5.3.3. Flotation Agents 5.3.4. Theory 5.3.5. Flotation Equipment 5.3.6. Processes 5.4. Electrostatic Separation 5.4.1. Theoretical Basis 5.4.2. Equipment and Processes 5.5. Heavy‐Media Separation 5.6. Debrining and Drying 5.7. Process Measurement and Control 5.8. Waste Disposal and Environmental Aspects 5.9. Granulation 5.10. Quality Specifications 5.11. Toxicology and Occupational Health 5.12. Economic Aspects and Uses 6. Potassium Sulfate 6.1. Properties 6.2. Raw Materials 6.3. Production 6.3.1. From Potassium Chloride and Sulfuric Acid (Mannheim Process) 6.3.2. From Potassium Chloride and Magnesium Sulfate 6.3.3. From Potassium Chloride and Langbeinite 6.3.4. From Potassium Chloride and Kainite 6.3.5. From Potassium Chloride and Sodium Sulfate 6.3.6. From Potassium Chloride and Calcium Sulfate 6.3.7. From Alunite 6.3.8. From Natural Brines and Bitterns 6.4. Granulation 6.5. Quality Specifications 6.6. Toxicology and Occupational Health 6.7. Economic Aspects and Uses 7. Potash ‐ Magnesia 8. Production of Potassium Salts from Other Raw Materials 8.1. The Dead Sea 8.2. The
Importance des lactones dans les arômes alimentaires : structure, distribution, propriétés sensorielles et biosynthèse (1994)

International audience
Effects of modified bioactive pectins on colon cancer cells in vitro (2014)

Pectin is a complex structural polysaccharide present in the cell walls of terrestrial plants, fruit and vegetables. Modified pectin (MP), pectin treated with pH, heat or enzymes, has been shown to have anti-cancer activity in several cancer cell lines. The galactan chains of MP are postulated to be essential for bioactivity due to their ability to bind and inhibit the pro-metastatic protein galectin-3 (Gal3) on cancer cells. However, the structural requirements for bioactive MP, as well as interactions with Gal3 in vitro, have rarely been addressed. In this study several pectins from citrus, sugar beet and potato were screened for their biological effects on colon cancer cells, their structures characterised in detail to assess the structure-function relationship and the molecular mechanisms of action investigated. Alkali-treated sugar beet pectin (SSBA) reduced viability of HT29 cells via induction&#13;\nof apoptosis. The enzymatic removal of galactan side chains abolished activity indicating their importance for anti-proliferative action. Additionally, potato rhamnogalacturonan I (P-RGI) reduced viability of DLD1 cells and the homogalacturonan backbone, not the galactan side chains, was shown to be essential for bioactivity. siRNA-mediated knockdown of Gal3 expression in cells showed that bioactivities of SSBA and P-RGI are independent of Gal3, prompting an investigation into alternative mechanisms of action. Expression of the adhesion molecule ICAM1 was shown to be significantly reduced by P-RGI, suggesting a novel potential mode of action. Results presented in this thesis suggest that MPs of varying structures can exert anti-proliferative activity in colon cancer cells via Gal3-independent mechanisms and in a cell-specific manner. This study is also the first to report the anti-cancer activity of sugar beet pectin. The structural complexity of pectin makes it a potential multi-functional therapeutic agent, and results highlight the need for extensive structural characterisation of bioactive pectins as well as further exploration of Gal3-independent mechanisms of action.
Optical spectroscopy for tissue diagnostics and treatment control (2006)

Biomedical Optics as an interdisciplinary field of science has been developed during many years and is experiencing tremendous growth, to cover a wide range of optical techniques and methods, utilized for medical therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Biomedical optics contributes by introducing methods and creation of devices used in healthcare of various specialties, such as ophthalmology, cardiology, surgery, dermatology, oncology, radiology, etc. Each of these specialities might take advantages of different optical techniques and methods such as: laser surgery, optical thermotherapy, optical tomography and imaging, optical biopsies, photodynamic therapy, in vitro diffuse spectroscopy, etc1. Among all of the mentioned methods and techniques; photodynamic therapy, medical applications of in vitro diffuse spectroscopy, and optical biopsies, are the main topics covered by the projects presented in this book. This thesis is presented in two parts. Part one, consists of seven chapters as an introduction to the scientific works that are presented in five original papers in part two. Part one, covers areas that might not have been explicitly apparent in the papers, but have formed a basis needed to interpret data, and to understand the background for the various studied phenomena.
Serum interleukin-6 levels and joint involvement in polyarticular and pauciarticular juvenile chronic arthritis. (1993)

We measured serum and synovial fluid interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels in patients with polyarticular-onset and pauciarticular-onset juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA), using the hybridoma cell line B9. During active disease, but not during remission, serum IL-6 levels were significantly elevated in patients with polyarticular (p < 0.0001 vs controls) and in patients with pauciarticular JCA (p < 0.01 vs controls). In patients with active polyarticular disease (polyarticular and extended pauciarticular) serum IL-6 levels correlated with the extent and severity of joint involvement (p < 0.05), with erythrocyte sedimentation rate values (p < 0.005) and with C reactive protein concentrations (p < 0.05). In patients with persistent pauciarticular JCA, serum IL-6 levels correlated with the joint swelling score (p < 0.05). Synovial fluid IL-6 levels, measured in 5 patients with pauciarticular JCA, were markedly elevated (range 600-24,000 HGF U/ml). In conclusion, our data suggest that IL-6 is an important pathogenic mediator in polyarticular and pauciarticular JCA.
Frequent p15 promoter methylation in tumor and peripheral blood from hepatocellular carcinoma patients. (2000)

We prospectively analyzed p15 methylation patterns in 25 surgically resected tumors and 130 plasma, serum, and buffy coat samples from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, controls with chronic hepatitis/cirrhosis, and healthy subjects. Using methylation-specific PCR, we demonstrated for the first time p15 promoter methylation in 64% of tumors and 25% (4 of 16) of patients' plasma and serum samples. Concurrent p15 and p16 methylation was shown in 48% of tumors, and p15/p16 methylation was detected in the plasma/serum of 92% (11 of 12) of patients. Of note, 75% of 12 patients with concurrent tumor methylation developed clinical metastasis/recurrence (P = 0.027). In buffy coat samples, p15 methylation was detected in all eight patients with tumor p15 methylation, suggesting the presence of circulating tumor cells. None of the control samples were methylation positive. Our data underscore the important role(s) of p15 and p16 methylation in hepatocarcinogenesis and tumor progression. Among 92% (23 of 25) of patients with tumor p15/p16 methylation, circulating tumor DNA and HCC cells were detected in the peripheral blood of 87% (20 of 23) of patients. The combination of these epigenetic markers may prove valuable for noninvasive HCC diagnosis and disease monitoring.
Scintillation detectors for x-rays (2006)

Recent research in the field of phosphor and scintillator materials and related detectors is reviewed. After a historical introduction the fundamental issues are explained regarding the interaction of x-ray radiation with a solid state. Crucial parameters and characteristics important for the performance of these materials in applications, including the employed measurement methods, are described. Extended description of the materials currently in use or under intense study is given. Scintillation detector configurations are further briefly overviewed and selected applications are mentioned in more detail to provide an illustration.
Supervised Risk Predictor of Breast Cancer Based on Intrinsic Subtypes (2009)

The intrinsic subtypes as discrete entities showed prognostic significance (P = 2.26E-12) and remained significant in multivariable analyses that incorporated standard parameters (estrogen receptor status, histologic grade, tumor size, and node status). A prognostic model for node-negative breast cancer was built using intrinsic subtype and clinical information. The C-index estimate for the combined model (subtype and tumor size) was a significant improvement on either the clinicopathologic model or subtype model alone. The intrinsic subtype model predicted neoadjuvant chemotherapy efficacy with a negative predictive value for pCR of 97%. CONCLUSION Diagnosis by intrinsic subtype adds significant prognostic and predictive information to standard parameters for patients with breast cancer. The prognostic properties of the continuous risk score will be of value for the management of node-negative breast cancers. The subtypes and risk score can also be used to assess the likelihood of efficacy from neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN): Relay Extensions to Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) (2010)

If a host is located behind a NAT, then in certain situations it can be impossible for that host to communicate directly with other hosts (peers).In these situations, it is necessary for the host to use the services of an intermediate node that acts as a communication relay.This specification defines a protocol, called TURN (Traversal Using Relays around NAT), that allows the host to control the operation of the relay and to exchange packets with its peers using the relay.TURN differs from some other relay control protocols in that it allows a client to communicate with multiple peers using a single relay address.The TURN protocol was designed to be used as part of the ICE (Interactive Connectivity Establishment) approach to NAT traversal, though it also can be used without ICE.
Nuclear Targeting of Gold Nanoparticles in Cancer Cells Induces DNA Damage, Causing Cytokinesis Arrest and Apoptosis (2010)

By properly conjugating gold nanoparticles with specific peptides, we were successful in selectively transporting them to the nuclei of cancer cells. Confocal microscopy images of DNA double-strand breaks showed that localization of gold nanoparticles at the nucleus of a cancer cell damages the DNA. Gold nanoparticle dark-field imaging of live cells in real time revealed that the nuclear targeting of gold nanoparticles specifically induces cytokinesis arrest in cancer cells, where binucleate cell formation occurs after mitosis takes place. Flow cytometry results indicated that the failure to complete cell division led to programmed cell death (apoptosis) in cancer cells. These results show that gold nanoparticles localized at the nuclei of cancer cells have important implications in understanding the interaction between nanomaterials and living systems.
The synthesis and antilipidperoxidation activity of 4,4-diarylbutylamines and 4,4-diarylbutanamides. (1990)

A series of 4,4-diarylbutylamine and 4,4-diarylbutanamide derivatives has been synthesized and evaluated for their antilipidperoxidation (ALP) activity and acute toxicity (LD50). Some of them were found to have significant ALP activity.
Chimeric mouse-human anti-carcinoma antibodies that mediate different anti-tumor cell biological activities (1991)

Two chimeric mouse-human antibodies, ING-1 (IgG1, kappa) and ING-2 (IgG1, lambda), have been constructed starting from anticarcinoma mouse hybridomas. These antibodies bind to different tumor-associated antigens which are present on human breast carcinoma cell lines at 10(5)-10(6) antigens/cell; ING-1 binds to a 40-kD membrane glycoprotein, while ING-2 binds to a glycoprotein of greater than 300 kD. In competitive binding experiments, both chimeric antibodies have identical binding activity to the parental mouse antibodies. The antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytolysis (CDC) activities of these antibodies were studied on carcinoma target cell lines. ING-1 mediates potent ADCC, but ING-2 had undetectable or very weak ADCC activity. ING-2 ADCC activity was significantly reduced by the addition of human serum, but ING-1 ADCC was unaffected. Neither ING-1 nor ING-2 mediated CDC of breast carcinoma cell lines, but ING-1 mediated CDC of a colon carcinoma cell line. ING-1 antibody-antigen complexes are stable on the target cell surface for at least 2 hours, while much of bound ING-2 is lost from the surface of cells due to internalization or shedding. The activities of these antibodies confirm that the target antigen plays an important role in the biological effector functions triggered by cell-surface-bound antibodies. Both of these chimeric antibodies are candidates for further study as immunoconjugates for cancer diagnosis or therapy, and the unconjugated ING-1 antibody has promise for cancer therapy due to its potent activation of ADCC.
Selective Turn-On Ammonia Sensing Enabled by High-Temperature Fluorescence in Metal–Organic Frameworks with Open Metal Sites (2013)

We show that fluorescent molecules incorporated as ligands in rigid, porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) maintain their fluorescence response to a much higher temperature than in molecular crystals. The remarkable high-temperature ligand-based fluorescence, demonstrated here with tetraphenylethylene- and dihydroxyterephthalate-based linkers, is essential for enabling selective and rapid detection of analytes in the gas phase. Both Zn2(TCPE) (TCPE = tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)ethylene) and Mg(H2DHBDC) (H2DHBDC(2-) = 2,5-dihydroxybenzene-1,4-dicarboxylate) function as selective sensors for ammonia at 100 °C, although neither shows NH3 selectivity at room temperature. Variable-temperature diffuse-reflectance infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography are coupled with density-functional calculations to interrogate the temperature-dependent guest-framework interactions and the preferential analyte binding in each material. These results describe a heretofore unrecognized, yet potentially general property of many rigid, fluorescent MOFs and portend new applications for these materials in selective sensors, with selectivity profiles that can be tuned as a function of temperature.
Adaptive forward differencing for rendering curves and surfaces (1987)

An adaptive forward differencing algorithm is presented for rapid rendering of cubic curves and bicubic surfaces. This method adjusts the forward difference step size so that approximately one pixel is generated along an ordinary or rational cubic curve for each forward difference step. The adjustment involves a simple linear transformation on the coefficients of the curve which can be accomplished with shifts and adds. This technique combines the advantages of traditional forward differencing and adaptive subdivision. A hardware implementation approach is described including the adaptive control of a forward difference engine. Surfaces are rendered by drawing many curves spaced closely enough together so that no pixels are left unpainted. A simple curve anti-aliasing algorithm is also presented in this paper. Anti-aliasing cubic curves is supported via tangent vector output at each forward difference step. The adaptive forward differencing algorithm is also suitable for software implementation.
Density Functionals for Inorganometallic and Organometallic Chemistry (2005)

We present a database of 21 bond dissociation energies for breaking metal-ligand bonds. The molecules in the metal-ligand bond energy database are AgH, CoH, CoO+, CoOH+, CrCH3+, CuOH2+, FeH, Fe(CO)5, FeO, FeS, LiCl, LiO, MgO, MnCH3NiCH2+, Ni(CO)4, RhC, VCO+, VO, and VS. We have also created databases of metal-ligand bond lengths and atomic ionization potentials. The molecules used for bond lengths are AgH, BeO, CoH, CoO+, FeH, FeO, FeS, LiCl, LiO, MgO, RhC, VO, and VS and the ionization potentials are for the following atoms: C, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, O, and V. The data were chosen based on their diversity and expected reliability, and they are used along with three previously developed databases (transition metal dimer bond energies and bond lengths and main-group molecular atomization energies) for assessing the accuracy of several kinds of density functionals. In particular, we report tests for 42 previously defined functionals: 2 local spin density approximation (LSDA) functionals, 14 generalized gradient approximation (GGA) methods, 13 hybrid GGA methods, 7 meta GGA methods, and 8 hybrid meta GGA methods. In addition to these functionals, we also examine the effectiveness of scaling the correlation energy by testing 13 functionals with scaled or no gradient-corrected correlation energy, and we find that functionals of this kind are more accurate for metal-metal and metal-ligand bonds than any of the functionals already in the literature. We also present a readjusted GGA and a hybrid GGA with parameters adjusted for metals. When we consider these 57 functionals for metal-ligand and metal-metal bond energies simultaneously with main-group atomization energies, atomic ionization potentials, and bond lengths we find that the most accurate functional is G96LYP, followed closely by MPWLYP1M (new in this article), XLYP, BLYP, and MOHLYP (also new in this article). Four of these five functionals have no Hartree-Fock exchange, and the other has only 5%. As a byproduct of this work we introduce a convenient diagnostic, called the B1 diagnostic, for ascertaining the multireference character in a bond.
Enhanced adenovirus transgene expression in malignant cells treated with the histone deacetylase inhibitor FR901228. (2001)

The presence of coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) and alpha(v) integrin on cell surfaces is required for efficient adenovirus infection. Treatment of cells with the histone deacetylase inhibitor FR901228 (depsipeptide) increased CAR and alpha(v) integrin RNA levels in six cancer cell lines. Sodium butyrate and trichostatin A, other histone deacetylase inhibitors, caused similar increases. Cells treated with FR901228 prior to infection had a 4-10-fold increase in transgene expression from a beta-galactosidase-expressing adenoviral vector. These studies suggest that FR901228 increases the efficiency of adenoviral transgene expression and may be useful in cancer gene therapy.
Physical and chemical properties of singlet molecular oxygen (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhysical and chemical properties of singlet molecular oxygenDavid R. KearnsCite this: Chem. Rev. 1971, 71, 4, 395–427Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60272a004https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60272a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4717Altmetric-Citations789LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor on bone formation in vitro. (1988)

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was studied for its effects on bone formation in cultured rat calvariae. bFGF at 0.1-100 ng/ml stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA by up to 4.4-fold. bFGF also increased the number of colcemid-induced metaphase arrested cells and the DNA content. Transient (24 h) treatment with bFGF enhanced [3H]-proline incorporation into collagen 24-48 h after the factor was removed; this effect was DNA synthesis dependent and blocked by hydroxyurea. The collagen stimulated by bFGF was type I, and this effect was observed primarily in the periosteum-free bone. In contrast, continuous treatment with bFGF for 24-96 h inhibited [3H]proline incorporation into type I collagen. bFGF did not alter collagen degradation. In conclusion, bFGF stimulates calvarial DNA synthesis, which causes an increased number of collagen-synthesizing cells, but bFGF has a direct inhibitory effect on collagen synthesis.