gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Light-Triggered Eradication of Acinetobacter baumannii by Means of NO Delivery from a Porous Material with an Entrapped Metal Nitrosyl (2012)

A photoactive manganese nitrosyl, namely [Mn(PaPy(3))(NO)](ClO(4)) ({Mn-NO}), has been loaded into the columnar pores of an MCM-41 host. Strong interaction between the polar nitrosyl and the -OH groups on the host wall leads to excellent entrapment of the NO donor within the porous host. With the aluminosilicate-based host (Al-MCM-41), the loading is further enhanced due to electrostatic interaction of the cationic species with the aluminum sites. The extent of loading has been determined via analytical techniques including N(2) adsorption/desorption isometry. Powder X-ray diffraction studies on the loaded materials afford patterns typical of an ordered mesoporous silicate consisting of a hexagonal array of unidimensional channels (with slight loss of crystallinity). Elemental mapping of the loaded particles confirms the incorporation of {Mn-NO} into the porous MCM-41 structure and attests to the homogeneity of the guest molecule distribution throughout individual particles. When suspensions of the loaded materials in saline solution are exposed to low-power (10-100 mW) visible light, rapid release of NO is observed. With continuous exposure, a steady release of 50-80 μM of NO is attained with 5 mg of material/mL buffer within 5 min, and the NO flux is maintained for a period of ~60 min. Rapid bursts of 5-10 μM NO are noted with short light pulses. Loss of either the nitrosyl or its photoproduct(s) from these materials in biological media is minimal over long periods of time. The NO release profiles suggest potential use of these powdery biocompatible materials as NO donors where the delivery of NO (a strong antibiotic) could be controlled via the exposure of light. Such prediction has been confirmed with the successful eradication of both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a soft-tissue infection model through light-triggered NO delivery.
Synergistic Binding of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A and Its Receptors to Heparin Selectively Modulates Complex Affinity (2015)

Angiogenesis is a highly regulated process orchestrated by the VEGF system. Heparin/heparan sulfate proteoglycans and neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) have been identified as co-receptors, yet the mechanisms of action have not been fully defined. In the present study, we characterized molecular interactions between receptors and co-receptors, using surface plasmon resonance and in vitro binding assays. Additionally, we demonstrate that these binding events are relevant to VEGF activity within endothelial cells. We defined interactions and structural requirements for heparin/HS interactions with VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-1, NRP-1, and VEGF165 in complex with VEGFR-2 and NRP-1. We demonstrate that these structural requirements are distinct for each interaction. We further show that VEGF165, VEGFR-2, and monomeric NRP-1 bind weakly to heparin alone yet show synergistic binding to heparin when presented together in various combinations. This synergistic binding appears to translate to alterations in VEGF signaling in endothelial cells. We found that soluble NRP-1 increases VEGF binding and activation of VEGFR-2 and ERK1/2 in endothelial cells and that these effects require sulfated HS. These data suggest that the presence of HS/heparin and NRP-1 may dictate the specific receptor type activated by VEGF and ultimately determine the biological output of the system. The ability of co-receptors to fine-tune VEGF responsiveness suggests the possibility that VEGF-mediated angiogenesis can be selectively stimulated or inhibited by targeting HS/heparin and NRP-1.
Bright blue electroluminescence from an oxadiazole‐containing copolymer (1995)

Blue electroluminescence from a copolymer containing oxadiazole units is reported. The copolymer is separated in the light emitting diode device from the ITO anode by an additional layer of polyaniline in order to increase the quantum efficiency, resulting an external quantum efficiencies of 0.1%, and an intensity of the blue emitted light of 40 cm/m 2 .
Aggregative adherence fimbria I expression in enteroaggregative Escherichia coli requires two unlinked plasmid regions (1993)

Adherence to HEp-2 cells by many enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAggEC) strains is associated with the expression of flexible, bundle-forming fimbriae 2 to 3 nm in diameter, designated aggregative adherence fimbriae I (AAF/I). We have previously reported the molecular cloning and TnphoA mutagenesis of AAF/I genes from the large plasmid of prototype EAggEC strain 17-2 (J. P. Nataro, Y. Deng, D. R. Maneval, A. L. German, W. C. Martin, and M. M. Levine, Infect. Immun. 60:2297-2304, 1992). Here, we report that further mapping and subcloning of AAF/I regions suggest that expression of the fimbriae requires two separate plasmid regions (designated regions 1 and 2). Approximately 9 kb of DNA unnecessary for fimbrial expression separates the two regions; this intervening segment encodes the EAggEC heat-stable enterotoxin (EAST1). Neither region was capable of conferring aggregative HEp-2 adherence (AA) when cloned individually; when the two regions were cloned as a single fragment or when each was cloned into a different vector and introduced into the same E. coli HB101 cell, AA was restored. AA-positive constructs also expressed human erythrocyte hemagglutination, autoagglutination in broth cultures, and the production of AAF/I as detected by immunogold electron microscopy.
Chemotherapy Targeted to Cancer Tissue Potentiates Antigen-specific Immune Response Induced by Vaccine for In Vivo Antigen Loading and Activation of Dendritic Cells (2008)

Our laboratory has created an Ad-sig-TAA/ecdCD40L vaccine platform designed to activate dendritic cells (DCs). Two subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of the TAA/ecdCD40L protein following the s.c. injection of the Ad-sig-TAA/ecdCD40L vector (TAA/ecdCD40L VPP vaccine) further increases the levels of the tumor-associated antigen (TAA)-specific CD8 effector T cells induced by the vector. We tested the combined effect of chemotherapy-induced destruction of tumor cells and TAA/ecdCD40L VPP vaccine which further increases the levels of TAA available to the DCs at the time of vaccination. The chemotherapy was delivered selectively to the tumor cells using intratumoral (i.t.) injection of the AdCDIRESE1A vector followed by intraperitoneal (i.p.) 5-fluorocytosine (5FC). The 5-fluorouracil (5FU) produced in the vector infected the tumor cells, destroys them and releases the TAA for processing and presentation by the DCs. This mode of delivery spares the TAA CD8 effector T cells from the destructive effect of the 5FU when their proliferation is induced by the vaccine. Test mice treated with both the s.c. administered TAA/ecdCD40L VPP vaccine and the AdCDIRESE1A/5FC chemosensitization vector had the smallest tumor volumes and survived longer than mice treated with either of these agents alone (P < 0.001).
A gene expression signature of emphysema-related lung destruction and its reversal by the tripeptide GHK (2012)

These results demonstrate that gene-expression changes associated with regional emphysema severity within an individual's lung can provide insights into emphysema pathogenesis and identify novel therapeutic opportunities for this deadly disease. They also suggest the need for additional studies to examine the mechanisms by which TGFβ and GHK each reverse the gene-expression signature of emphysematous destruction and the effects of this reversal on disease progression.
Insulin U-500 in severe insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (2009)

Some patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are profoundly insulin resistant and require large insulin doses to achieve optimal glycaemic control. However, large volumes of subcutaneous conventional U-100 insulin can cause discomfort at the injection site, resulting in poor concordance with insulin therapy. One therapeutic option is the use of U-500 insulin, thus reducing the insulin volume by 80%. This review will address the practical issues associated with the use of U-500, clinical efficacy and safety aspects of this concentrated insulin, which has an important role in a subgroup of patients with T2DM.
Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 and use of a monoclonal antibody in a rapid, one-step enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of picogram quantities of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (1987)

Twenty-six hybridoma cell lines that produced monoclonal antibodies to toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) were generated by immunizing mice with a highly purified preparation of TSST-1 and fusing their splenic lymphocytes with SP2/0-Ag-14 cells. One monoclonal antibody of the immunoglobulin G1 isotype, designated as PEC-1 10-2SCH, was selected for extensive study. The specificity of this antibody was determined by testing spent culture fluid filtrates of TSST-1- and non-TSST-1-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot techniques. Monoclonal antibody PEC-1-10-2SCH was specific for TSST-1-producing strains of S. aureus, reacting with TSST-1 and two other proteins which appear to be unique to S. aureus strains that produce TSST-1. Monoclonal antibody PEC-1-10-2SCH was used in conjunction with polyclonal rabbit antibodies to TSST-1 in a rapid, one-step, sensitive, specific, and quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. This assay was shown to be more sensitive, faster, and simpler to perform than previously described isoelectric focusing, immunodiffusion, and solid-phase radioimmunoassays for TSST-1. Monoclonal antibody PEC-1-10-2SCH was not reactive with Staphylococcus protein A under the conditions of the test.
Role of passenger leukocytes in allograft rejection: effect of depletion of donor alveolar macrophages on the local production of TNF-alpha, T helper 1/T helper 2 cytokines, IgG subclasses, and pathology in a rat model of lung transplantation (1997)

Acute lung allograft rejection is believed to be initiated by passenger leukocytes, such as alveolar macrophages (AM), in the donor organ, which release TNF-alpha, and present alloantigens to host lymphocytes, to up-regulated Th1 cellular and humoral immunity. However, the role of donor AM in local TNF-alpha synthesis, and their ability to induce local Th1 cellular and humoral immunity have not been evaluated. By depleting Brown Norway (BN, RT1n) rat lung allografts of AM before transplantation into Lewis rat (LEW, RT1(1)) recipients, the current study determined the role of donor AM in including the production of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma (Th1 cytokine), IL-4 (Th2 cytokine), IgG subtypes, and rejection pathology in the allograft. The data show that compared with untreated BN allografts, pretransplant depletion of donor lung AM resulted in significantly less TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma production in allograft bronchoalveolar lavage fluid with variable effects on local IL-4 production. Depletion of AM in the donor lung before transplantation affected the local production of several IgG subclasses. However, pretransplant depletion of donor AM had no effect on the development of the pathology of severe acute rejection. These data show that donor AM have a central role in the local synthesis of TNF-alpha and induce the production of IFN-gamma and IgG subtypes, locally, during acute lung allograft rejection. However, depletion of AM before transplantation does not prevent the development of severe acute rejection in BN rat lungs, transplanted into LEW recipients.
Synthesis of 1,3,5-tris[4-(diarylamino)phenyl]benzene and 1,3,5-tris(diarylamino)benzene derivatives (2000)

The title compounds were prepared by the copper catalysed Ullmann coupling of aromatic amines with aromatic aryl iodides. Full spectroscopic details are reported. Solutions of 1,3,5-tris(diarylamino)benzene derivatives in deuterated chloroform undergo hydrogen–deuterium exchange on the central ring and readily turn green owing to partial oxidation by traces of dissolved oxygen. The green colour is quenched by the addition of ascorbic acid. The solutions are more stable in chloroform that has been filtered through basic alumina to remove traces of acid. N-Arylbenzenesulfonamides can be converted to diarylamines by treatment with the sodium salt of an aniline.
A Mesoporous Iron‐Based Fluoride Cathode of Tunnel Structure for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries (2011)

Abstract A fluoride‐based cathode (FeF 3 ·0.33H 2 O) for lithium batteries, the synthesis of which has been reported recently (C. L. Li et al. Adv. Mater. 2010 , 22 , 3650), is described in terms of structure, morphology, and performance. A self‐assembled mesoporous morphology connected with a high specific surface area is obtained through the soft template role of the ionic liquid. The fluoride exhibits a one‐dimensional tunnel structure produced by continuous hexagonal cavities, in which hydration water molecules are located. The high Li‐intercalation activity of carbon‐free FeF 3 ·0.33H 2 O is expected to be associated with various factors, including electrolyte‐infiltratable mesoporosity, wide Li + ‐insertable channels, and medium conductivities. A single solid‐solution reaction mechanism is indicated by potentiostatic intermittent titration technique and ex situ X‐ray diffraction at different reactive potentials.
Intracellular processing of the gp160 HIV-1 envelope precursor. Endoproteolytic cleavage occurs in a cis or medial compartment of the Golgi complex. (1990)

The intracellular processing of the gp160 HIV-1 envelope precursor was characterized in acutely infected CD4+ T cells. Our data show that gp160 undergoes endoproteolytic cleavage by a nonacid dependent protease(s) in the rough endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi complex, within cis or medial cisternae, and is not transported to the cell surface. Two-dimensional electrophoretic pulse-chase analysis indicates that it takes greater than 2 h for gp160 to be transported from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the site of action of sialyltransferases in the trans Golgi. Evidence is presented that gp160 is subject to mannose trimming in the Golgi complex, which is inhibited by 1-deoxymannojirimycin (a specific Golgi alpha-mannosidase I inhibitor). Preliminary data also suggest that gp120 is post-translationally modified by sialylated O-linked oligosaccharides.
Biogenesis of actin-like bacterial cytoskeletal filaments destined for positioning prokaryotic magnetic organelles (2006)

Magnetosomes comprise a magnetic nanocrystal surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. These unique prokaryotic organelles align inside magnetotactic bacterial cells and serve as an intracellular compass allowing the bacteria to navigate along the geomagnetic field in aquatic environments. Cryoelectron tomography of Magnetospirillum strains has revealed that the magnetosome chain is surrounded by a network of filaments that may be composed of MamK given that the filaments are absent in the mamK mutant cells. The process of the MamK filament assembly is unknown. Here we prove the authenticity of the MamK filaments and show that MamK exhibits linear distribution inside Magnetospirillum sp. cells even in the area without magnetosomes. The mamK gene alone is sufficient to direct the synthesis of straight filaments in Escherichia coli, and one extremity of the MamK filaments is located at the cellular pole. By using dual fluorescent labeling of MamK, we found that MamK nucleates at multiple sites and assembles into mosaic filaments. Time-lapse experiments reveal that the assembly of the MamK filaments is a highly dynamic and kinetically asymmetrical process. MamK bundles might initiate the formation of a new filament or associate to one preexistent filament. Our results demonstrate the mechanism of biogenesis of prokaryotic cytoskeletal filaments that are structurally and functionally distinct from the known MreB and ParM filaments. In addition to positioning magnetosomes, other hypothetical functions of the MamK filaments in magnetotaxis might include anchoring magnetosomes and being involved in magnetic reception.
Statines : effets adverses prouvés et suggérés (2014)

Cet article a ete publie en anglais dans le numero 89 (avril-mai 2014) de la Therapeutics letter1, publication independante du departement de pharmacologie et therapeutique de l’Universite de Colombie britannique (Canada), sous le titre : Statins proven and associated harms. Comme le soulignent nos confreres canadiens, les nombreuses incertitudes sur l’action de ces medicaments continuent a poser question(s), et il reste essentiel de peser pour chaque prescription la balance benefices attendus/risques potentiels. Comme pour tous les exemplaires de la Therapeutics letter, cette synthese a fait l’objet de la relecture de 60 experts et generalistes afin de corriger d’eventuelles incoherences et de verifier que l’information – fond et forme – correspondait bien a l’approche clinique du probleme.
On the interaction of bovine seminal RNase with actin in vitro (1987)

Ribonuclease from bovine seminal plasma (RNase BS) interacts with skeletal muscle actin in the following way: it binds to actin with an apparent binding constant of 9.2 X 10(4) M-1 in 0.1 M KCl, induces the polymerization of actin below the critical concentration in depolymerization buffer, accelerates the salt-induced polymerization of actin even at a molar ratio of RNase to actin lower than 1/100, and bundles F-actin filaments. In the bundles the molar ratio of RNase to actin is about 0.66. Actin inhibits the enzymatic activity of RNase BS. RNase A from bovine pancreas, which is structurally almost identical to the subunits of RNase BS as well as a monomeric form of RNase BS, do not cross-link actin filaments and have a much smaller effect on the polymerization of actin. We conclude that the dimeric structure of the RNase BS, which consists of two identical subunits cross-linked by interchain disulfide bridges, is probably responsible for the bundling activity and the accelerating effect on the polymerization of actin.
Identification of measles virus-specific hemolysis-inihibiting antibodies separate from hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies (1975)

The occurrence of antibodies giving hemolysis inhibition (HLI) but not hemagglutination inhibition (HI) was examined in human convalescent and rabbit hyperimmune sera. HI antibodies, which through their interaction with hemagglutinin components display HLI activity, were removed by absorption with Tween 80-ether (TE)-treated measles virus material. This absorption did not change the titer of non-HI HLI antibodies. After removal of HI antibodies from 16 late measles convalescent sera and three batches of gamma globulin. HLI antibody titers showed a two- to eightfold reduction. The titers of neutralizing antibodies were reduced from 1/4 to 1/20 of the original titers. There was a good correlation between the titers of neutralizing and HLI antibodies both in sera from which HI antibodies had been removed by absorption and in sera spontaneously showing markedly higher HLI than HI antibody titers. HLI antibodies with these characteristics could be identified in HI tests when whole virus instead of TE-treated material was used an antigen and anti-antiserum was added to the tests. In contrast to the situation in human sera, antibodies remaining after removal of HI antibodies from rabbit hyperimmune sera against purified virus particles were detectable in neutralization and HLI tests only in the presence of anti-antiserum. However, virus particles from which the major fraction of all envelope projections had been removed by treatment with 0.004% trypsin induced the production of non-HI HLI antibodies active also in the absence of anti-antiserum. TE and formalin treatment destroyed the hemolytic activity of virus preparations and also their capacity to induce a production of non-HI HLI antibodies.
Temperature-controlled Primer Limit for Multiplexing of Rapid, Quantitative Reverse Transcription-PCR Assays: Application to Intraoperative Cancer Diagnostics (2002)

Internally controlled, rapid QRT-PCR assays can be performed in an intraoperative time frame and with sufficient sensitivity to detect histologically identified metastases to lymph nodes.
Cell-free nucleic acids in plasma, serum and urine: a new tool in molecular diagnosis (2003)

There has recently been an upsurge of interest in the analysis of circulating nucleic acids (DNA and/or RNA) in blood plasma or serum as a clinical diagnostic tool. Occasional earlier reports suggested the existence of circulating nucleic acids, but the potential clinical implication was not realized until 1996, when DNA with tumour-specific characteristics was demonstrated in the plasma/serum of cancer patients. This finding opened up possibilities for non-invasive cancer diagnosis. Potential applications have been reported in cancer diagnosis, prenatal diagnosis, transplantation and traumatology. Some of the findings are on the verge of being translated into clinical use. DNA is also now being sought in other body fluids such as urine.
Enhancer trapping in zebrafish using the Sleeping Beauty transposon (2004)

This genomics tool offers the opportunity for large-scale biological approaches combining both expression and genomic-level sequence analysis using as a template an entire vertebrate genome.
Memory wars : the politics of remembering the Asia-Pacific war (1995)

For more about the East-West Center, see <a href="http://www.eastwestcenter.org/">http://www.eastwestcenter.org/</a>
The ncl-1 gene and genetic mosaics of Caenorhabditis elegans. (1995)

A ncl-1 mutation results in enlarged nucleoli, which can be detected in nearly all cells of living animals by Nomarski microscopy. Spontaneous mitotic loss of a ncl-1(+)-containing free duplication in an otherwise homozygous ncl-1 mutant animal results in mosaicism for ncl-1 expression, and the patterns of mosaicism lead us to conclude that ncl-1 acts cell autonomously. The probability of mitotic loss of the duplication sDp3 is approximately constant over many cell divisions. About 60% of the losses of sDp3 at the first embryonic cell division involve nondisjunction. Frequencies of mitotic loss of different ncl-1(+)-bearing free duplications varied over a 200-fold range. The frequencies of mitotic loss were enhanced by a chromosomal him-10 mutation. We have used ncl-1 as a cell autonomous marker in the mosaic analysis of dpy-1 and lin-37. The focus of action of dpy-1 is in hypodermis. A mutation in lin-37 combined with a mutation in another gene results in a synthetic multivulva phenotype. We show that lin-37 acts cell nonautonomously and propose that it plays a role, along with the previously studied gene lin-15, in the generation of an intercellular signal by hyp7 that represses vulval development.