gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of the somatotropic axis by testosterone in adult males: evidence for the role of aromatization. (1993)

To determine whether testosterone modulates the somatotropic axis in adult males, we compared 24-h GH secretion (from 20-min sampling, using Cluster analysis) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels of five hypogonadal men (aged 20-32 yr) with those of six normal men (aged 21-27 yr), and examined the effects of testosterone replacement (testosterone enanthate 250 mg im monthly). To elucidate whether the action of testosterone on the somatotropic axis is direct, or requires the aromatization of testosterone to estradiol, we also examined the effects of the nonsteroidal antiestrogen, tamoxifen (20 mg/day for 3 weeks), on 24-h GH secretion and IGF-I levels in the normal men and in four of the hypogonadal men during concurrent testosterone treatment. Compared to the normal men, the hypogonadal men had significantly reduced mean GH pulse amplitude (3.1 +/- 0.6 vs. 8.4 +/- 1.7 micrograms/L, P < 0.05), but not pulse frequency. Testosterone treatment resulted in a significant increase in 24-h mean serum GH (0.7 +/- 0.2 to 1.4 +/- 0.2 micrograms/L, P < 0.05), mean GH pulse amplitude (3.1 +/- 0.6 to 5.2 +/- 0.8 micrograms/L, P < 0.01) and serum IGF-I (0.9 +/- 0.1 to 1.1 +/- 0.1 U/mL, P < 0.05). In the normal men, tamoxifen significantly reduced 24-h mean serum GH (1.1 +/- 0.3 to 0.5 +/- 0.1 micrograms/L, P < 0.05), mean GH pulse amplitude (8.4 +/- 1.7 to 4.7 +/- 0.4 micrograms/L, P < 0.05), and serum IGF-I (1.0 +/- 0.1 to 0.7 +/- 0.1 U/mL, P < 0.001). In the hypogonadal men on testosterone replacement, tamoxifen lowered 24-h mean serum GH (1.3 +/- 0.2 to 0.6 +/- 0.2 micrograms/L, P < 0.01), mean GH pulse amplitude (5.5 +/- 1.0 to 2.4 +/- 0.8 micrograms/L, P < 0.01), and serum IGF-I (1.2 +/- 0.1 to 0.8 +/- 0.1 U/mL, P < 0.05). We conclude that testosterone plays an important role in the modulation of the male somatotropic axis in adulthood, as appears to be the case in puberty, and that this effect is partly dependent on the aromatization of testosterone to estradiol.
Transdermal Optical Communications (2004)

Active medical implants (AMIs) are electronic medicators and monitors that inject controlled currents to the heart, spine, brain, or other organs or control electromechanical medical devices such as medication dispensers. Imagine an AMI with molecular in vivo sensors for biological assay that uses these data to monitor a patient's condition and its own performance as well as diagnose, indicate status to health care providers, and automatically adjust its operation. In this scenario the AMI provides rapid, bidirectional through-skin (transdermal) data/information transfer and programming, relying on high-capacity memory storage. Future AMI communications will require a significantly increased data rate to/from an external reader-programmer in addition to improved operational aspects. This article presents early efforts to develop a high-data-rate (>1 Mbps) optical link to achieve these future requirements.
Scaling of Electrode-Electrolyte Interface Model Parameters In Phosphate Buffered Saline (2014)

We report how the impedance presented by a platinum electrode scales with the concentration of phosphate buffered saline (PBS). We measure the response in various dilutions of PBS with an electrode array as is commonly used in spinal cord stimulator (SCS) implants. We match the parameters of a non-linear electrode-electrolyte interface model to these measurements. We find that the constant phase element of the model scales with approximately the log of concentration, whereas the resistivity is inversely proportional. Using a novel DC measurement technique we show that the onset of Faradaic conduction for a platinum electrode, and thus the safe exposure limit, does not scale with concentration. We compare objective measurements made in saline to those made in the spinal cavity of live sheep. We comment upon the appropriateness of using PBS as a substitute for in-vivo measurements.
Development of a Sensitive Gene Expression Reporter System and an Inducible Promoter-Repressor System for Clostridium acetobutylicum (2003)

A sensitive gene expression reporter system was developed for Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 by using a customized gusA expression cassette. In discontinuous cultures, time course profiles of beta-glucuronidase specific activity reflected adequately in vivo dynamic up- and down-regulation of acidogenesis- and/or solventogenesis-associated promoter expression in C. acetobutylicum. Furthermore, a new inducible gene expression system was developed in C. acetobutylicum, based on the Staphylococcus xylosus xylose operon promoter-repressor regulatory system.
Pore scale study of flow in porous media: Scale dependency, REV, and statistical REV (2000)

Flow in porous media is studied at the pore‐scale with lattice Boltzmann simulations on pore geometries reconstructed from computed microtomographic images. Pore scale results are analyzed to give quantities such as permeability, porosity and specific surface area at various scales and at various locations. With this, some fundamental issues such as scale dependency and medium variability can be assessed quantitatively. More specifically, the existence and size of the well known concept, representative elementary volume (REV), can be quantified. It is found that the size of an REV varies spatially and depends on the quantity being represented. For heterogeneous media, a better measure may be the so called “statistical REV”, which has weaker requirements than does the deterministic REV.
A prospective study of folate and vitamin B6 and risk of myocardial infarction in US physicians. (1996)

Although not statistically significant, these prospective data are compatible with the hypothesis that low dietary intake of folate and/or vitamin B6 contribute to risk of MI.
Low‐level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) for treatment of hair loss (2013)

LLLT for hair growth in both men and women appears to be both safe and effective. The optimum wavelength, coherence and dosimetric parameters remain to be determined.
Photophysical properties of C70 (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotophysical properties of C70James W. Arbogast and Christopher S. FooteCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 23, 8886–8889Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00023a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00023a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1985Altmetric-Citations404LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DNA sequence homology between the terminal inverted repeats of Shope fibroma virus and an endogenous cellular plasmid species. (1986)

DNA hybridization experiments indicate that the genome of a tumorigenic poxvirus. Shope fibroma virus (SFV), possesses sequence homology with DNA isolated from uninfected rabbit cells. Southern blotting experiments, either with high-complexity rabbit DNA as probe and SFV restriction fragments as targets or with high-specific activity, 32P-labeled, cloned SFV sequences as probes and rabbit DNA as target, indicate that the homologous sequences map at two locations within the viral genome, one in each copy of the terminal inverted repeat sequences. Unexpectedly, Southern blots revealed that the homologous host sequences reside in a rabbit extrachromosomal DNA element. This autonomous low-molecular-weight DNA species could be specifically amplified by cycloheximide treatment and was shown by isopycnic centrifugation in cesium chloride-ethidium bromide to consist predominantly of covalently closed circular DNA molecules. DNA sequencing of pSIC-9, a cloned 1.9-kilobase fragment of the rabbit plasmid species, indicated extensive homology at the nucleotide level over a 1.5-kilobase stretch of the viral terminal inverted repeat. Analysis of open reading frames in both the plasmid and SFV DNA revealed that (i) the N-terminal 157-amino acid sequence of a potential 514-amino acid SFV polypeptide is identical to the N-terminal 157 amino acids of one pSIC-9 open reading frame, and (ii) a second long pSIC-9 open reading frame of 361 amino acids, although significantly diverged from the comparable nucleotide sequence in the virus, possessed considerable homology to a family of cellular protease inhibitors, including alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and antithrombin III. The potential role of such cellular plasmid-like DNA species as a mediator in the exchange of genetic information between the host cell and a cytoplasmically replicating poxvirus is discussed.
CT perfusion for stroke: Should you use it? (2010)

CT perfusion for stroke leaped from clinical discussion forums to the front pages in the last 13 months.
Structural variation in copper(i) complexes with pyridylmethylamide ligands: structural analysis with a new four-coordinate geometry index, τ4 (2007)

Four Cu(I) complexes were synthesized with a family of pyridylmethylamide ligands, HL(R) [HL(R) = N-(2-pyridylmethyl)acetamide, R = null; 2,2-dimethyl-N-(2-pyridylmethyl)propionamide, R = Me(3); 2,2,2-triphenyl-N-(2-pyridylmethyl)acetamide, R = Ph(3))]. Complexes 1-3 were synthesized from the respective ligand and [Cu(CH(3)CN)(4)]PF(6) in a 2 : 1 molar ratio: [Cu(HL)(2)]PF(6) (1), [Cu(2)(HL(Me3))(4)](PF(6))(2) (2), [Cu(HL(Ph3))(2)]PF(6) (3). Complex 4, [Cu(HL)(CH(3)CN)(PPh(3))]PF(6), was synthesized from the reaction of HL with [Cu(CH(3)CN)(4)]PF(6) and PPh(3) in a 1 : 1 : 1 molar ratio. X-Ray crystal structures reveal that complexes 1, 3 and 4 are mononuclear Cu(I) species, while complex 2 is a Cu(I) dimer. The copper ions are four-coordinate with geometries ranging from distorted tetrahedral to seesaw in 1, 2, and 4. Complexes 1 and 2 are very air sensitive and they display similar electrochemical properties. The coordination geometry of complex 3 is nearly linear, two-coordinate. Complex 3 is exceptionally stable with respect to oxidation in the air, and its cyclic voltammetry shows no oxidation wave in the range of 0-1.5 V. The unusual inertness of complex 3 towards oxidation is attributed to the protection from bulky triphenyl substituent of the HL(Ph3) ligand. A new geometric parameter for four-coordinate compounds, tau(4), is proposed as an improved, simple metric for quantitatively evaluating the geometry of four-coordinate complexes and compounds.
The Complexity of Protective Immunity Against Liver-Stage Malaria (2000)

Sterile protective immunity against challenge with Plasmodium spp. sporozoites can be induced in multiple model systems and humans by immunization with radiation-attenuated Plasmodium spp. sporozoites. The infected hepatocyte has been established as the primary target of this protection, but the underlying mechanisms have not been completely defined. Abs, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, cytokines (including IFN-gamma and IL-12), and NO have all been implicated as critical effectors. Here, we have investigated the mechanisms of protective immunity induced by immunization with different vaccine delivery systems (irradiated sporozoites, plasmid DNA, synthetic peptide/adjuvant, and multiple Ag peptide) in genetically distinct inbred strains, genetically modified mice, and outbred mice. We establish that there is a marked diversity of T cell-dependent immune responses that mediate sterile protective immunity against liver-stage malaria. Furthermore, we demonstrate that distinct mechanisms of protection are induced in different strains of inbred mice by a single method of immunization, and in the same strain by different methods of immunization. These data underscore the complexity of the murine host response to a parasitic infection and suggest that an outbred human population may behave similarly. Data nevertheless suggest that a pre-erythrocytic-stage vaccine should be designed to induce CD8+ T cell- and IFN-gamma-mediated immune responses and that IFN-gamma responses may represent an in vitro correlate of pre-erythrocytic-stage protective immunity.
Corticosteroid-insensitive asthma: molecular mechanisms (2003)

Corticosteroids are the most potent anti-inflammatory agents used to treat chronic inflammatory diseases such as bronchial asthma. However, there are a small number (<5%) of asthmatic patients who do not respond well, or at all, to corticosteroid therapy - the corticosteroid-resistant and corticosteroid-dependent patients. Although this phenomenon is relatively uncommon, it poses a difficult therapeutic problem because few alternative therapies are available and these patients account for >50% of the health care costs of asthma. If the mechanisms for corticosteroid insensitivity are understood they may, in turn, provide insight into the key mechanism of corticosteroid action and allow a rational way to treat these individuals whose disease tends to be severe. Corticosteroid insensitivity is not limited to asthma and is a feature of other inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, elucidation of the cause for the relative lack of corticosteroid response in this subgroup of asthmatic individuals may have important implications for other diseases.
The impact of whole blood processing and freezing conditions on the quality of therapeutic plasma prepared from whole blood (2014)

Twenty-four-hour hold at RT and SF both reduce FVIII levels below 70 U/dL in many plasma units. PS activity is affected substantially by storage temperature and SF, but free PS is not. With regard to plasma quality, freezing to below -30°C within 1 hour is superior to SF at -20°C.
Evaluation of ricin A chain-containing immunotoxins directed against CD19 and CD22 antigens on normal and malignant human B-cells as potential reagents for in vivo therapy. (1988)

Ricin A chain-containing immunotoxins (IT-As) specific for the human B-cell antigens, CD22 and CD19, were constructed using the monoclonal antibodies, HD6 and HD37, respectively. IT-As were prepared by coupling intact antibodies, F(ab')2, or Fab' fragments to native or chemically deglycosylated ricin A chain. The IT-As were then evaluated for cytotoxicity to normal and neoplastic human B-cells in vitro with the major objective of appraising their suitability for in vivo therapy of human B-cell tumors. The IT-As prepared with both the HD6 and HD37 antibodies were specifically toxic to normal B-cells and to most of the neoplastic B-cell lines tested. However, the IT-As prepared from HD6 were generally more potent than those prepared from HD37. On Daudi cells, to which the two antibodies bound in similar numbers and with similar affinities, IT-As prepared with intact HD6 antibody or its Fab' fragment were 10-fold and 1.5- to 4-fold more potent, respectively, than the corresponding HD37 IT-As. The IT-As constructed from intact HD6 antibody and native or deglycosylated A chain reduced protein synthesis in Daudi cells by 50% at a concentration of 1.2 X 10(-11) M indicating that they were only 5-fold less toxic to the cells than ricin itself. Intact HD37 IT-As produced equivalent inhibition of protein synthesis at 1.5 X 10(-10) M. With both antibodies, IT-As constructed from the Fab' fragments were 10- to 20-fold less potent than their intact antibody counterparts. Different neoplastic B-cell lines varied in sensitivity to the IT-As. In most cases, their sensitivity correlated with the levels of CD19 and CD22 antigens expressed. Neither HD6 nor HD37 IT-As affected the ability of normal human bone marrow cells to form granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units in soft agar, suggesting that both antigens are absent from these progenitor cells. Examination of sections of frozen human tissues using immunoperoxidase staining procedures indicated that the antibodies did not bind to a panel of normal tissues lacking B-lymphocytes. These results suggest that HD6 and HD37 IT-As are candidates for in vivo therapy in humans with certain B-cell tumors. However, HD6 IT-As are more potent, reduce protein synthesis more completely, and hence appear to be the ITs of choice for treating tumors expressing the CD22 antigen.
Isolation of Chinese hamster ovary cell lines expressing human acyl-coenzyme A/cholesterol acyltransferase activity. (1989)

We have previously reported the isolation of Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants deficient in acylcoenzyme A/cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity (Cadigan, K. M., J. G. Heider, and T. Y. Chang. 1988, J. Biol. Chem. 263:274-282). We now describe a procedure for isolating cells from these mutants that have regained the ability to synthesize cholesterol esters. The protocol uses the fluorescent stain Nile red, which is specific for neutral lipids such as cholesterol ester. After ACAT mutant populations were subjected to chemical mutagenesis or transfected with human fibroblast whole genomic DNA, two revertants and one primary transformant were isolated by virtue of their higher fluorescent intensities using flow cytofluorimetry. Both the revertants and transformant have regained large amounts of intracellular cholesterol ester and ACAT activity. However, heat inactivation experiments revealed that the enzyme activity of the transformant had heat stability properties identical to that of human fibroblasts, while the ACAT activities of the revertants were similar to that of other Chinese hamster ovary cell lines. These results suggest that the molecular lesion in the ACAT mutants resides in the structural gene for the enzyme, and the transformant has corrected this defect by acquiring and stably expressing a human gene encoding the ACAT polypeptide. Secondary transformants were isolated by transfection of ACAT mutant cells with primary transformant genomic DNA. Genomic Southern analysis of the secondary transformants using a probe specific for human DNA revealed several distinct restriction fragments common to all the transformants which most likely comprise part or all of the human ACAT gene. The cell lines described here should facilitate the cloning of the gene encoding the human ACAT enzyme.
Vitamin C Promotes Widespread Yet Specific DNA Demethylation of the Epigenome in Human Embryonic Stem Cells (2010)

Vitamin C (ascorbate) is a widely used medium supplement in embryonic stem cell culture. Here, we show that ascorbate causes widespread, consistent, and remarkably specific DNA demethylation of 1,847 genes in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), including important stem cell genes, with a clear bias toward demethylation at CpG island boundaries. We show that a subset of these DNA demethylated genes displays concomitant gene expression changes and that the position of the demethylated CpGs relative to the transcription start site is correlated to such changes. We further show that the ascorbate-demethylated gene set not only overlaps with gene sets that have bivalent marks, but also with the gene sets that are demethylated during differentiation of hESCs and during reprogramming of fibroblasts to induced pluritotent stem cells (iPSCs). Our data thus identify a novel link between ascorbate-mediated signaling and specific epigenetic changes in hESCs that might impact on pluripotency and reprogramming pathways.
Structure and mechanisms (1990)

The purpose of this edition, like that of the earlier ones, is to provide the basis for a deeper understanding of the structures of organic compounds and the mechanisms of organic reactions. The level is aimed at advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students. Our goals are to solidify the student's understanding of basic concepts provided by an introduction to organic chemistry and to present more information and detail, including quantitative information, than can be presented in the first course in organic chemistry. The first three chapters consider the fundamental topi s of bonding theory, stereochemistry, and conformation. Chapter 4 discusses the techniques that are used to study and characterize reaction mechanisms. Chapter 9 focuses on aromaticity and the structural basis of aromatic stabilization. The remaining chapters consider basic reaction types, including substituent effects and stereochemistry. As compared to the earlier editions, there has been a modest degree of reorganization. The emergence of free-radical reactions in synthesis has led to the inclusion of certain aspects of free-radical chemistry in Part B. The revised chapter, Chapter 12, empha sizes the distinctive mechanistic and kinetic aspects of free-radical reactions. The synthetic applications will be considered in Part B. We have also split the topics of aromaticity and the reactions of aromatic compounds into two separate chapters, Chapters 9 and 10. This may facilitate use of Chapter 9, which deals with the nature of aromaticity, at an earlier stage if an instructor so desires.
Identification of double-stranded RNA-binding domains in the interferon-induced double-stranded RNA-activated p68 kinase. (1992)

The double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-binding domain of the human p68 kinase has been localized to the N-terminal half of the enzyme by using progressive deletion analysis and in vitro binding assays. To further define the domains responsible for binding to dsRNA, we cloned the mouse dsRNA-activated p65 kinase and used sequence alignment to identify conserved domains in the N-terminal region. Deletions in either of two 12-amino-acid-long and arginine- or lysine-rich regions abrogated binding to dsRNA. Moreover, in an in vivo growth inhibition assay in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, these mutants failed to exhibit a slow-growth phenotype.
Probing the Environment of Signal−Anchor Sequences during Topogenesis in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (2005)

Signal sequences for insertion of protein into the mammalian endoplasmic reticulum orient themselves in the translocon on the basis of their flanking charges. It has recently been shown that hydrophobic N-terminal signals initially insert head-on before they invert their orientation to translocate the C-terminus. The rate of inversion is reduced with the increasing hydrophobicity of the signal due to an increased affinity for the initial bound state at the translocon. To probe the environment of the signal while its orientation is determined, different hydrophobic residues were inserted at various positions throughout a uniform oligoleucine signal sequence and the constructs were expressed in transfected COS-7 cells. The resulting topologies revealed a strikingly symmetric position dependence specifically for bulky aromatic amino acids, reflecting the structure of a lipid bilayer. Maximal N-translocation was observed when the guest residues were placed at the N- or C-terminus of the hydrophobic sequence or in the very center, corresponding to the positions of highest expected affinity of the signal sequence as a membrane-spanning helix for the bilayer. The results support the model that during topogenesis in vivo the signal sequence is exposed to the lipid membrane.