gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toward quantitative virtual angiography: Evaluation with in vitro studies (2008)

Medical imaging and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling have been combined to obtain detailed knowledge of local hemodynamics, known to play an important role in cardiovascular diseases. Given the absence of a "gold standard" to measure the blood velocities in vivo, simulation of X-ray angiograms was proposed as a method to indirectly validate the accuracy of image-based CFD analysis. This paper presents a method to simulate the contrast agent transport and the creation of virtual angiograms which takes into account the physics of the contrast agent injection and X-ray transmission. The simulated and acquired angiograms are compared by analyzing the spatial and temporal development of the contrast agent concentration represented by a flow map. This approach was tested with in vitro experiments.
Neuraminic acid is alpha 2-->3 linked in the lipooligosaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B strain 6275 (1993)

We have analyzed the sialylated lipooligosaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis 6275. Sialylated oligosaccharide released from strain 6275 lipooligosaccharide by mild hydrolysis was determined to contain N-acetylneuraminic acid linked alpha 2-->3 to terminal galactose as shown below. [formula: see text]
Native Thrombopoietin: Structure and Function (1998)

Thrombopoietin (TPO), the c-Mpl ligand, is produced constitutively in liver and other organs, circulates in the bloodstream, and is delivered to bone marrow, where it stimulates the early development of multiple hematopoietic lineages and megakaryocytopoiesis. The concentration of TPO in blood is regulated by c-Mpl mass on platelets and megakaryocytes. In addition to regulation by the number of TPO molecules, including the possible modulation of TPO mRNA abundance in bone marrow, megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet production may be regulated as a result of modulation of TPO activity by proteolytic processing that generates truncated forms of the molecule. Characterization of TPO partially purified from human plasma, however, revealed that the full-length molecule was the predominant form in the blood of both normal individuals and thrombocytopenic patients, although small amounts of truncated species were detected. Thus, truncation of TPO, at least that in the circulation examined, does not appear to contribute to the direct regulation of platelet production in response to increased demand. Given that native TPO isolated from the plasma of thrombocytopenic animals comprises truncated forms, the truncation of TPO is likely of physiological importance in the life history of this molecule.
"Pure" Human Hematopoietic Progenitors: Permissive Action of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (1990)

Methodology has been developed that enables virtually complete purification and abundant recovery of early hematopoietic progenitors from normal human adult peripheral blood. A fraction of the pure progenitors is multipotent (generates mixed colonies) and exhibits self-renewal capacity (gives rise to blast cell colonies). This methodology provides a fundamental tool for basic and clinical studies on hematopoiesis. Optimal in vitro cloning of virtually pure progenitors requires not only the stimulatory effect of interleukin-3, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and erythropoietin, but also the permissive action of basic fibroblast growth factor. These findings suggest a regulatory role for this growth factor in early hematopoiesis.
Direct Gene Transfer for Treatment of Human Cancer (1995)

Genetic instability within malignant cells gives rise to mutant proteins which can be recognized by the immune system. Recognition of tumor-associated antigens by T lymphocytes could thus contribute to the elimination of neoplastic cells. We have developed a molecular genetic intervention for the treatment of malignancies based upon the knowledge that foreign major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins expressed on the cell surface are efficient at stimulating an immune response. Expression of this foreign MHC gene within tumors induced a cytotoxic T cell response to the introduced gene. More importantly, the immune system recognized tumor-specific antigens on unmodified tumor cells as foreign. Growth of the tumors diminished, and in many cases, there was complete regression. This research provides evidence that direct gene transfer in vivo can induce cell-mediated immunity against specific gene products, and offers the potential for effective immunotherapy for the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases in man. Our laboratory conducted a phase I clinical trial to determine the safety and efficacy of this treatment in humans. These studies suggest that direct gene transfer provides a safe and feasible approach for the treatment of human cancer. More recent developments using combination gene therapy and the initiation of a second human trial with improvements on this technology have been implemented. Finally, we have begun to define mechanisms of resistance to immune recognition by established malignancies.
Chemical Process Control: An Introduction to Theory and Practice (1983)

1. The Control of a Chemical Process: Its Characteristics and Associated Problems. 2. Modeling the Dynamic and Static Behavior of Chemical Processes. 3. Analysis of the Dynamic Behavior of Chemical Processes. 4. Analysis and Design of Feedback Control Systems. 5. Analysis and Design of Advanced Control Systems. 6. Design of Control Systems for Multivariable Processes. 7. Process Control Using Digital Computers.
Association between tumor hypoxia and malignant progression in advanced cancer of the uterine cervix. (1996)

Experimental tumors contain a significant fraction of microregions that are chronically or transiently hypoxic. Experimental evidence showing that hypoxia (and subsequent reoxygenation) may have a profound impact on malignant progression and on responsiveness to therapy is growing. The clinical relevance of tumor oxygenation in human solid malignancies is under investigation. We have developed and validated a clinically applicable method for measurement of tumor oxygenation in locally advanced cancer of the uterine cervix using a computerized polarographic electrode system. Applying this procedure in patients with cervical cancers </= 3 cm in diameter, who gave informed consent, we have been studying the clinical relevance of tumor oxygenation prospectively since 1989. As of June 1995, 103 patients with advanced cancers of the uterine cervix [Federation Internationale des Gynaecologistes et Obstetristes (FIGO) stages Ib, bulky (n = 13), IIa and IIb (n = 51), IIIa and IIIb (n = 34), and IVa and IVb (n = 5)] had entered the study. Fifty % of the patients had carcinomas with median pO2 readings <10 mm Hg, referred to as hypoxic tumors. Tumor oxygenation was found to be independent of various patient demographics and also of pretreatment tumor characteristics, such as clinical tumor stage and size, histological type, and differentiation. However, histopathological examination of the surgical specimens following radical tumor resection in 47 patients showed that low-pO2 tumors exhibited larger tumor extensions and more frequent (occult) parametrial spread, as well as lymph-vascular space involvement, compared to well-oxygenated tumors of similar clinical stage and size. Forty-two patients completing primary radiation therapy and 47 patients who underwent radical surgery were analyzed for treatment outcome after a median observation period of 28 months (range, 3-76 months). Patients with hypoxic tumors had significantly worse disease-free and overall survival probabilities compared to patients with nonhypoxic tumors. Cox regression analysis identified tumor oxygenation and FIGO stage as the most important independent prognostic factors. The poorer outcome of the patients with hypoxic tumors was mainly due to locoregional failures with and without distant metastases, irrespective of whether surgery or radiation was applied as primary treatment. Tumor oxygenation as measured with a standardized polarographic method proved to be a powerful new pretherapeutic prognostic parameter providing important information on malignant progression in terms of extracervical tumor spread and radioresistance in advanced cervical cancers.
Base composition-independent hybridization in tetramethylammonium chloride: a method for oligonucleotide screening of highly complex gene libraries. (1985)

An oligonucleotide hybridization procedure has been developed that eliminates the preferential melting of A X T versus G X C base pairs, allowing the stringency of the hybridization to be controlled as a function of probe length only. This technique, which uses tetramethylammonium chloride, is especially helpful whenever a highly complex library is screened with a pool of oligonucleotide probes, which usually vary widely in base composition. The procedure can also be applied advantageously whenever an exact match to an oligonucleotide probe is desired, such as in screening for clones having as little as a single-base alteration generated by in vitro mutagenesis.
Image Fusion for Context Enhancement (2003)

Figure 1: Automatic context enhancement of a night time scene. (Embedded image is 1000x500 pixels, please zoom with your PDF browser). We present a class of image fusion techniques to automatically combine images of a scene captured under different illumination. Beyond providing digital tools for artists for creating surrealist images and videos, the methods can also be used for practical applications. For example, the non-realistic appearance can be used to enhance the context of nighttime traffic videos so that they are easier to understand. The context is automatically captured from a fixed camera and inserted from a day-time image (of the same scene). Our approach is based on a gradient domain technique that preserves important local perceptual cues while avoiding traditional problems such as aliasing, ghosting and haloing. We presents several results in generating surrealistic videos and in increasing the information density of low quality nighttime videos.
A Polynucleotide Segment Rich in Adenylic Acid in the Rapidly-Labeled Polyribosomal RNA Component of Mouse Sarcoma 180 Ascites Cells (1971)

The rapidly-labeled polyribosomal RNA component from mouse sarcoma 180 cells is retained on nitrocellulose (Millipore) membrane-filters at high ionic strength. This property is due to the presence of a polynucleotide sequence rich in adenylic acid that resists both T(1) and pancreatic RNase digestion. The resistant material shows sedimentation characteristics close to those of transfer RNA. The RNA molecules that contain this material can be separated from the rest of the polysomal RNA by differential phenol extraction with neutral and alkaline Tris buffers. Synthetic poly(A) exhibits the same behavior as the rapidly-labeled polysomal RNA with respect to Millipore binding and phenol fractionation. The characteristics of the rapidly-labeled polysomal RNA component permit its isolation free of ribosomal RNA.
Iodine-131-anti-B1 radioimmunotherapy for B-cell lymphoma. (1996)

Nonmyeloablative radioimmunotherapy with 131I-anti-B1 is associated with a high rate of durable remissions in patients with B-cell lymphoma refractory to chemotherapy.
The Impact of Layout on Stress-Enhanced Transistor Performance (2005)

This paper studies the sensitivity of stress-enhanced transistor performance to layout variations. Stress simulations and mobility models are calibrated and verified for test structures with SiGe source/drain as a stressor. The role of STI on the stress transfer is explored. The numerical results show that variations of 15% in drive currents and of 44% in hole mobility due to layout induced stress variations can occur in the cases studied. These deviations need to be taken into account in circuit design or to be compensated via layout modification.
Electrostatic Spray Deposition of Highly Transparent Silver Nanowire Electrode on Flexible Substrate (2012)

In this work, a modified polyol synthesis by adding KBr and by replacing the AgCl with NaCl seed was used to obtain high quality silver nanowires with long aspect ratios with an average length of 13.5 μm in length and 62.5 nm in diameter. The Ag nanowires suspended in methanol solution after removing any unwanted particles using a glass filter system were then deposited on a flexible polycarbonate substrate using an electrostatic spray system. Transmittance of 92.1% at wavelength of 550 nm with sheet resistance of 20 Ω/sq and haze of 4.9% were measured for the electrostatic sprayed Ag nanowire transparent electrode.
Steiner problem in networks: A survey (1987)

Abstract The problem of determining a minimum cost connected network (i.e., weighted graph) G that spans a given subset of vertices is known in the literature as the Steiner problem in networks. We survey exact algorithms and heuristics which appeared in the published literature. We also discuss problems related to the Steiner problem in networks.
'Stiction-friction' of total hip prostheses and its relationship to loosening (1975)

The static friction, or "stiction-friction", in McKee-Farrar and Charnley-Müller prostheses in a hip joint simulator was compared with dynamic friction determined while the prostheses were oscillated. Under physiological conditions stiction-friction differed little from dynamic friction in both metal-on-metal and metal-on-plastic prostheses, and was affected very little by the lubricant as long as some fluid was present. Stiction-friction increased significantly only after relatively long stationary periods and high loads. However, the frictional forces generated in total hip-replacement prostheses were at least forty times higher than those generated in normal joints and may well be enough to cause late loosening of acetabular components by fatigue failure.
The unscented Kalman filter for nonlinear estimation (2002)

This paper points out the flaws in using the extended Kalman filter (EKE) and introduces an improvement, the unscented Kalman filter (UKF), proposed by Julier and Uhlman (1997). A central and vital operation performed in the Kalman filter is the propagation of a Gaussian random variable (GRV) through the system dynamics. In the EKF the state distribution is approximated by a GRV, which is then propagated analytically through the first-order linearization of the nonlinear system. This can introduce large errors in the true posterior mean and covariance of the transformed GRV, which may lead to sub-optimal performance and sometimes divergence of the filter. The UKF addresses this problem by using a deterministic sampling approach. The state distribution is again approximated by a GRV, but is now represented using a minimal set of carefully chosen sample points. These sample points completely capture the true mean and covariance of the GRV, and when propagated through the true nonlinear system, captures the posterior mean and covariance accurately to the 3rd order (Taylor series expansion) for any nonlinearity. The EKF in contrast, only achieves first-order accuracy. Remarkably, the computational complexity of the UKF is the same order as that of the EKF. Julier and Uhlman demonstrated the substantial performance gains of the UKF in the context of state-estimation for nonlinear control. Machine learning problems were not considered. We extend the use of the UKF to a broader class of nonlinear estimation problems, including nonlinear system identification, training of neural networks, and dual estimation problems. In this paper, the algorithms are further developed and illustrated with a number of additional examples.
A Novel Encryption Algorithm Using Chaotic Lorenz Attractor and Knights Tour (2015)

A considerable amount of research has been carried out in harvesting the benefit of chaos theory in image encryption. However, there are not many schema that effectively maximize the advantages of Lorenz system. In this paper, we present one such image encryption algorithm that utilizes the Lorenz system for pixel manipulations. The schema employs a unique diffusion technique using Knight's tour and ensures a secure encryption with high key sensitivity. Various security checks such as histogram analysis, information entropy analysis and correlation analysis were carried out on the encrypted image. Simulation results prove that the algorithm gives excellent encryption parameters like information entropy and correlation coefficients along with the encrypted image being secure against commonly known attacks. The paper also compares the algorithm with other similar encryption methods.
Proteomics of human embryonic stem cells (2010)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) offer exciting potential in regenerative medicine for the treatment of a host of diseases including cancer, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. They also provide insight into human development and disease and can be used as models for drug discovery and toxicity analyses. The key properties of hESCs that make them so promising for medical use are that they have the ability to self-renew indefinitely in culture and they are pluripotent, which means that they can differentiate into any of more than 200 human cell types. Since proteins are the effectors of cellular processes, it is important to investigate hESC expression at the protein level as well as at the transcript level. In addition, post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, may influence the activity of pivotal proteins in hESCs, and this information can only be determined by studying the proteome. In this review, we summarize the results obtained from several proteomics analyses of hESCs that have been reported in the last few years.
Studies on the Biochemical Properties of Highly Purified HCG (1970)

By a combination of Sephadex gel filtration, CM-C and DEAE-C chromatography, 2 highly purified HCG fractions (dA: 18,000 IU/mg, dB: 20,000 IU/mg) were obtained from a crude preparation (2130 IU/mg) which was extracted from the urine of normal pregnant women in the first trimester. They were characterized by histological response of the ovary of hypophysectomized immature rats, bioassay (the Steelman-Pohley method and the OAAD method), amino acid analysis and determination of carbohydrate content, and their high homogeneity was proved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. The components confirmed were 17 amino acids, galactose, mannose, hexosamine and sialic acid. LH-like activity was dominant in fraction dA, and this fraction was richer in proline and valine than fraction dB and poorer in aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, lysine and histidine. Fraction dB had dominant FSH-like activity in its biological character and was richer in acidic amino acids and sialic acid. Biological potency was particularly well correlated between LH-like activity of dA and hexose, and between FSH-like activity of dB and acidic amino acids and sialic acid. These results suggested that HCG is composed of 2 components. One has LH-like activity and the other has FSH-like activity. The ratio of these activities in HCG preparations differs according to the stage of pregnancy and biological and physicochemical properties of this hormone change throughout pregnancy. (Endocrinology87: 233, 1970)
Widespread expression of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 gene (Insp3r1) in the mouse central nervous system. (1993)

The expression of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 (InsP3R1) in the mouse central nervous system (CNS) was studied by in situ hybridization. The receptor mRNAs were widely localized throughout the CNS, predominantly in the olfactory tubercle, cerebral cortex, CA1 pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus, caudate putamen, and cerebellar Purkinje cells, where phosphoinositide turnover is known to be stimulated by various neurotransmitter receptors. In the most abundantly expressing Purkinje cells, InsP3R1 mRNA appeared to be translocated to the distal dendrites, since a strong hybridization density was observed in the molecular layer of the cerebellum. InsP3R protein is known to form tetrameric receptor-channel complex. Our preliminary hybridization data using probes for three distinct InsP3R subtypes showed preferential expression of InsP3R1 in many parts of the CNS. The expression of other receptor subtypes (InsP3R2 and InsP3R3) is less efficient, suggesting that a homotetramer formed of InsP3R1 subtype may play a central part in InsP3/Ca2+ signalling in the neuronal function, whereas a homotetramer of other subtypes and a possible heterotetramer among subtypes may be involved in differential InsP3/Ca2+ signalling. The chromosomal localization of the gene coding for InsP3R1 was confirmed on chromosome 6 but was found to be genetically independent of the Lurcher (Lc) mutation.
A personal naming and directory service for mobile internet users (1999)

This paper proposes a new approach for the role of smartcards into distributed and mobile service environments. It is based on the naming and directory service architecture. We present a naming and directory service architecture which is based on a new component we named Personal Naming and Directory Service (PNDS), which is embedded on a smartcard. In section two, after a short introduction, we present PNDS concept and list advantages to have it stored on a smartcard. Section three gives an overview and limits of current smartcards applications for mobile users. Section four presents PNDS features more precisely, and shows how it has been integrated into a federated architecture of naming servers (PNDS has been prototyped using a GemXpresso JavaCard platform). To demonstrate the PNDS concept, an example of a PNDS-based application is presented in section five.
Scalable Variational Inference for Dynamical Systems (2017)

Gradient matching is a promising tool for learning parameters and state dynamics of ordinary differential equations. It is a grid free inference approach, which, for fully observable systems is at times competitive with numerical integration. However, for many real-world applications, only sparse observations are available or even unobserved variables are included in the model description. In these cases most gradient matching methods are difficult to apply or simply do not provide satisfactory results. That is why, despite the high computational cost, numerical integration is still the gold standard in many applications. Using an existing gradient matching approach, we propose a scalable variational inference framework which can infer states and parameters simultaneously, offers computational speedups, improved accuracy and works well even under model misspecifications in a partially observable system.