gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Von Willebrand factor accelerates platelet adhesion and thrombus formation on a collagen surface in platelet-reduced blood under flow conditions (2005)

Plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) has been identified as an indispensable factor for platelet adhesion and thrombus formation on a collagen surface under flow conditions. VWF binds to collagen and then tethers platelets to the collagen surface through interaction with platelet glycoprotein Ib and also contributes to the thrombus formation on the collagen surface. In the present study, we demonstrated that the addition of VWF/factor VIII complex or purified VWF (> 2 ristocetin cofactor activity units/mL) increased platelet adhesion to the collagen surface in platelet-reduced blood ( approximately 5 x 10(4) platelets/microL) to the normal level. VWF had no stimulatory effect when it was allowed to bind to the collagen surface before blood flow was initiated. Addition of an excess of FITC (fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate)-labeled VWF to platelet-reduced blood under these flow conditions demonstrated that the VWF was mainly incorporated into the platelet aggregates. These results indicated that the supplemented VWF stimulates the platelet adhesion onto the collagen surface by enhancing platelet aggregation in the platelet-reduced condition. This also suggests a possibility that supplementation of VWF to individuals with thrombocytopenia might be effective for increasing their hemostatic potential.
DNA Library Design for Molecular Computation (2003)

A novel approach to designing a DNA library for molecular computation is presented. The method is employed for encoding binary information in DNA molecules. It aims to achieve a practical discrimination between perfectly matched DNA oligomers and those with mismatches in a large pool of different molecules. The approach takes into account the ability of DNA strands to hybridize in complex structures like hairpins, internal loops, or bulge loops and computes the stability of the hybrids formed based on thermodynamic data. A dynamic programming algorithm is applied to calculate the partition function for the ensemble of structures, which play a role in the hybridization reaction. The applicability of the method is demonstrated by the design of a twelve-bit DNA library. The library is constructed and experimentally tested using molecular biology tools. The results show a high level of specific hybridization achieved for all library words under identical conditions. The method is also applicable for the design of primers for PCR, DNA sequences for isothermal amplification reactions, and capture probes in DNA-chip arrays. The library could be applied for integrated DNA computing of twelve-bit instances of NP-complete combinatorial problems by multi-step DNA selection in microflow reactors.
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor as a target for estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer chemotherapy (2009)

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and the relatively non-toxic selective aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) modulator 6-methyl-1,3,8-trichlorodibenzo-furan (MCDF) induced CYP1A1-dependent ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity and inhibited proliferation of seven estrogen receptor (ER) negative breast cancer cell lines. MCDF, TCDD and structurally related 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran, 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran, and 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl induced CYP1A1 and inhibited proliferation of BT-474 and MDA-MB-468 cells. In BT474 and MDA-MB-468 cells transfected with a small inhibitory RNA for the AhR, the antiproliferative activity of the chlorinated aromatic compounds was reversed, whereas for MCDF, only partial reversal was observed, suggesting that this compound acts through both AhR-dependent and AhR-independent pathways in these two cell lines. MCDF also inhibited tumor growth in athymic nude mice in which MDA-MB-468 cells were injected directly into the mammary fat pad. These results suggest that the AhR is a potential drug target for treatment of ER-negative breast cancer.
Adrenaline Mediates A Positive Feedback Loop in Noradrenergic Transmission: Its Possible Role in Development of Hypertension (1984)

Adrenaline activates prejunctional beta-adrenoceptors of the beta 2-subtype on sympathetic nerve terminals and enhances noradrenergic transmission. Adrenaline can be incorporated in transmitter stores of noradrenergic nerves and, when released as a cotransmitter, activates the prejunctional beta 2-adrenoceptors, thereby mediating autofacilitation of noradrenergic transmission. Adrenaline released from the adrenal medulla in stress may be incorporated in noradrenergic transmitter stores and reach a sufficient concentration as a cotransmitter to activate the autofacilitatory feedback loop involving prejunctional beta 2-adrenoceptors, resulting in prolongation of the increases in vasomotor tone and cardiac activity that occur acutely: with frequent repetition of stress, there may be progression into a hypertensive state. In accord with this hypothesis, adrenaline administration produces persistent increases in blood pressure in rats, and plasma levels of adrenaline are elevated in a proportion of hypertensive patients; furthermore, repeated stress produces prolonged increases in blood pressure in animals and man.
A comparison of the size distribution of collagen fibrils in connective tissues as a function of age and a possible relation between fibril size distribution and mechanical properties (1978)

Abstract Data on the distribution of collagen fibril diameters in various connective tissues have been collected and analysed for common features. The diameter distributions of the collagen fibrils at birth and in the foetal stages of development are unimodal, whereas at maturity the mass-average diameter of the collagen fibrils is generally larger than at birth and the distributions of fibril sizes may be either unimodal or bimodal depending on the tissue. At senescence, few data are available but in most instances both the mean and mass-average diameters of the collagen fibrils are smaller than those at maturity and the fibril distributions are mainly bimodal. The division between tissues showing unimodal or bimodal fibril distributions at maturity does not simply relate to the type I collagen/type II collagen classification, to the distinction between orientated and unorientated material or indeed directly to the levels of stress and strain encountered by the tissue. However, there may prove to be a relation between a bimodal fibril diameter distribution at maturity and the maintenance over long periods of time of either high stress in stretched tissues or low stress in compressed tissues. It has also been noted that the width of the collagen fibril diameter distribution at birth differs between altricious and precocious animals. The ultimate tensile strength of a connective tissue and the mass-average diameter of the constituent collagen fibrils have been shown to have a positive correlation. Further, the form of the collagen fibril diameter distribution can be directly related to the mechanical properties of the tissue. In particular, it is postulated that the size distribution of the collagen fibrils is largely determined by two factors. First, if the tissue is primarily designed to have high tensile strength, then an increase in the diameter of the collagen fibrils will parallel an increase in the potential density of intrafibrillar covalent crosslinks. Consequently large collagen fibrils are predicted to have a greater tensile strength than small fibrils. Secondly, if the tissue is designed to be elastic and hence withstand creep, then a reduction in the diameter of the collagen fibrils will effectively increase the surface area per unit mass of the fibrils thus enhancing the probability of interfibrillar non-covalent crosslinks between the collagen fibrils and the components of the matrix. The idealized description given may indicate how the mechanical properties of a tissue may be interpreted in terms of the collagen fibril diameter distribution.
Flexible image acquisition using reconfigurable hardware (2002)

We describe the use of a reconfigurable interface board based on FPGAs in a high bandwidth image acquisition system. We show that a generic interface board can be readily adapted to three quite different CCD image sensors. Our guiding philosophy is to implement the entire interface in programmable logic. We depart from this principle only for electrical adaptation which is performed by relatively simple daughter boards. The CCDs we describe are used for data collection and telescope control at the Swedish Vacuum Solar Telescope located at the Rogue de los Muchachos, La Palma, Canary Islands, where various versions of our interface have been in use since May 1993. Reconfigurable solutions are particularly well suited to this application which is inherently low volume and requires many minor variants in response to changing experimental conditions. The CCDs used deliver image data at 10-30 MB/s. Our interfaces cope comfortably with multiple CCDs operating continuously at this rate on a single host, while also performing low bandwidth servo control tasks. We present the structure of the CCD interface configurations and the design issues that arose during their development. Reconfigurability allows the interface configurations and supporting software to be developed together leading to efficient, tightly coupled, total system solutions.
Complex-bilinear recurrent neural network for equalization of a digital satellite channel (2002)

Equalization of satellite communication using complex-bilinear recurrent neural network (C-BLRNN) is proposed. Since the BLRNN is based on the bilinear polynomial, it can be used in modeling highly nonlinear systems with time-series characteristics more effectively than multilayer perceptron type neural networks (MLPNN). The BLRNN is first expanded to its complex value version (C-BLRNN) for dealing with the complex input values in the paper. C-BLRNN is then applied to equalization of a digital satellite communication channel for M-PSK and QAM, which has severe nonlinearity with memory due to traveling wave tube amplifier (TWTA). The proposed C-BLRNN equalizer for a channel model is compared with the currently used Volterra filter equalizer or decision feedback equalizer (DFE), and conventional complex-MLPNN equalizer. The results show that the proposed C-BLRNN equalizer gives very favorable results in both the MSE and BER criteria over Volterra filter equalizer, DFE, and complex-MLPNN equalizer.
Theory of crystallization in copolymers (1955)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Risk factors for age-related macular degeneration: an update (2002)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss in the United States and other western nations. Limited treatment is available, and there are no established means of prevention. The detection of modifiable risk factors is important to suggest preventive behaviors that can reduce disease occurrence or prevent the progression to the late stages of AMD. Results of recent studies suggest that the etiology and pathogenesis of AMD are a complex interaction of genetic and external factors. Although a number of factors seem promising, only age and cigarette smoking are confirmed as increasing AMD risk. Other factors that most likely play a significant role in AMD are nutritional factors, e.g., antioxidants, and hypertension or other underlying atherosclerotic disease processes. The results of the Age-Related Eye Disease Study suggest a moderate beneficial effect of antioxidant, vitamin, and zinc supplementation in reducing progression to severe AMD.
Human corneal interleukin-8. IL-1 and TNF-induced gene expression and secretion. (1991)

Corneal leukocytic infiltration is an important component of numerous ocular diseases, but specific corneal-derived leukocyte chemotaxins have not been identified. In this study, the authors identified interleukin-8 (IL-8), a known neutrophil and lymphocyte chemotaxin, to be an important chemotaxin produced by human corneal tissue. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry of corneas exposed to human recombinant (r) interleukin-1-beta (rIL-1 beta) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rTNF-alpha) revealed significant increases in corneal endothelial and stromal cell IL-8 mRNA (P less than 0.001) and marked increases in cell-associated immunoreactive IL-8 compared with unstimulated controls. ELISA assays revealed four- to eight-fold increases in corneal IL-8 secretion after 24-hour exposures to either cytokine over that obtained with unstimulated corneas (P = 0.01). In neutrophil chemotactic bioassays, significant increases in functional IL-8 were detected in media conditioned by corneas exposed to rIL-1 beta or rTNF-alpha for 24 hours (P less than 0.001). Preincubation of these corneal media with anti-IL-8 antibody significantly reduced neutrophil chemotaxis by more than 80%. These results suggest that the cornea is an active participant in ocular inflammation and raise the possibility that agents used in experimental corneal pocket models may produce indirect effects by inducing corneal secretion of other factors, such as IL-8.
Down-regulation of glucocorticoid receptors in mouse lymphoma cell variants. (1984)

The mouse thymoma-derived cell line W7 is sensitive to the cytolytic action of glucocorticoids. We have isolated a novel class of cell variant that apparently overcomes its inherent sensitivity to glucocorticoids by reversibly down-regulating the level of glucocorticoid receptors. This phenotype is stable during subcloning in the presence and in the absence of glucocorticoids and is dominant in somatic cell hybrids with wild-type cells. Fusion of this variant with wild-type cells produces hybrids that down-regulate and are less sensitive to glucocorticoids than hybrids of receptor-negative and wild-type cells. This is the first demonstration of a phenotypic change which correlates with down-regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor.
Accelerometer-based atrioventricular synchronous pacing with a ventricular leadless pacemaker: Results from the Micra atrioventricular feasibility studies (2018)

Accelerometer-based atrial sensing is feasible and significantly improves AVS in patients with AV block and a single-chamber leadless pacemaker implanted in the right ventricle.
Toll-like Receptor Ligands Energize Peptide Vaccines through Multiple Paths (2007)

The potential of vaccines for cancer therapy or prevention has yet to be realized. Recently, we showed that using an immunologic adjuvant composed of a Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligand can increase the production of antitumor CTLs produced by a peptide vaccine in a mouse model of breast cancer. By increasing the cross talk between the innate and adaptive immune systems, TLR ligands can drive expansion and memory of CTLs that can destroy cancer cells.
Expression, Localization, and Signaling of Prostaglandin F2αReceptor in Human Endometrial Adenocarcinoma: Regulation of Proliferation by Activation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways (2004)

Prostaglandin F(2 alpha)(PGF(2 alpha)) is a bioactive lipid biosynthesized by cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes and mediates its biological activity via the heptahelical G(q)-coupled PGF(2 alpha)receptor (FP receptor). This study investigated the expression and molecular signaling of the FP receptor in human endometrial adenocarcinomas. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis confirmed FP receptor expression in endometrial adenocarcinoma of all grades and differentiation. The expression of FP receptor was up-regulated in all endometrial adenocarcinomas compared with normal endometrium. The site of FP receptor expression was localized by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to the neoplastic epithelial cells in all adenocarcinomas. Treatment of endometrial adenocarcinoma explants with PGF(2 alpha) resulted in mobilization of inositol phosphate signaling, indicating functional FP receptor expression. We investigated whether PGF(2 alpha) could trans-activate the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and trigger the MAPK signaling pathway. Treatment of adenocarcinoma explants and endometrial adenocarcinoma cells (Ishikawa) with PGF(2 alpha)-phosphorylated EGFR, triggered MAPK signaling and enhanced the proliferation of Ishikawa cells. Inactivation of phospholipase C, EGFR kinase, and MAPK kinase with specific inhibitors abolished PGF(2 alpha)-induced trans-activation of EGFR, MAPK signaling, and Ishikawa cell proliferation. These data suggest that PGF(2 alpha)-FP receptor promote endometrial tumorigenesis via a phospholipase C-mediated phosphorylation of the EGFR and MAPK signaling pathways.
The metabolism of carbohydrates by extremely halophilic bacteria: glucose metabolism via a modified Entner-Doudoroff pathway (1974)

Crude extracts prepared from the extremely halophilic bacterium M 6 catalyzed the conversion of glucose to gluconic acid. The latter compound was dehydrated to 2-keto-3-deoxygluconic acid, which in the presence of ATP, was converted to equimolar amounts of pyruvate and 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde, presumably through the intermediate compound 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconic acid. Additional enzymes catalyzing the conversion of 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde to pyruvic acid were also present. These data are consistent with the operation of a modified Entner-Doudoroff pathway in this organism.
Evolutionary Algorithms in Management Applications (1997)

From the Publisher:
The book is concerned with applications of Evolutionary Algorithms (EA) in the domain of management. EA are powerful and broadly applicable search and optimisation techniques based on principles from evolution theory, with Genetic Alogarithms being the most well-known class. The first part of this volume introduces to the field, and contains a discussion of the current state of EA regarding management applications, with many useful references. The other parts present papers on innovative management applications of EA. They range from examples in industry, financial services, trade, and traffic management to planning in education, demonstrating the versatility and power of EA. The reader will gain an understanding of the field, be able to appreciate the application potential of EA, and discover many stimulations for own work.
Emerging Infectious Diseases: Public Health Issues for the 21st Century (1999)

Infectious diseases are the third leading cause of death in the United States and the leading cause worldwide. As the new millennium approaches, the public health community must replenish capacity depleted during years of inadequate funding while simultaneously incorporating new technologies and planning for the longer term. Among the challenges facing the public health community is the need for coordinated, global, multisectoral approaches to preventing and controlling complex infectious disease problems.
Towards sophisticated wrapping of web-based information repositories (1997)

Access to on-line information via the Web is exploding. Index and retrieval engines already start to integrate a huge variety of heterogeneous repositories. However, the heterogeneity issue remains, both in terms of the search formats and the formats of the result pages. In this paper we focus on html-based search and result presentations. We discuss our experience in the design, the development and the maintenance of wrappers (in the context of the Knowledge Broker project). We outline different ways to write wrappers, illustrate some of the lessons learned, and conclude by describing a semi-automatic approach for an efficient wrapping of Web-based information repositories. Throughout the paper, we give illustrating examples for hands-on readers. KeyWords World Wide Web; heterogeneous repositories; wrapping; information extraction; rule-based parsing. 1 Introduction The continuous growth of documents available on the Internet, especially via the World Wide Web, creates the need for ...
Complete response to donor lymphocyte infusion in multiple myeloma is associated with antibody responses to highly expressed antigens (2003)

The ability of donor lymphocyte infusions (DLIs) to induce complete responses (CRs) in patients with relapsed myeloma after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) provides clear evidence of an effective graft-versus-myeloma (GVM) response. To identify target antigens of the GVM response, we screened a myeloma cDNA expression library with post-DLI serum from 4 patients with myeloma who achieved CR after DLI and 1 patient who was in CR before DLI. We identified a panel of 13 gene products reactive with post-DLI serum but negative with pre-DLI and pre-BMT serum. Antibodies to these proteins were not detected in the sera of 10 patients who underwent allogeneic BMT without DLI and 5 patients with acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Minimal reactivity with these proteins was detected in the sera of 20 healthy donors and 20 patients with chronic GVHD. In contrast, 5 of these proteins were recognized by more than 1 myeloma DLI responder. Testing of serial serum samples showed an association between antibody response and time of best response after DLI. The expression of these genes was evaluated in primary myeloma cells and in normal plasma cells. This study demonstrates that the GVM response is associated with antibody responses to highly expressed myeloma-associated antigens.
10th Spiers Memorial Lecture. Transfer mechanisms of electronic excitation (1959)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
High speed switch scheduling for local area networks (1992)

Current technology trends make it possible to build communication networks that can support high performance distributed computing. This paper describes issues in the design of a prototype switch for an arbitrary topology point-to-point network with link speeds of up to one gigabit per second. The switch deals in fixed-length ATM-style cells, which it can process at a rate of 37 million cells per second. It provides high bandwidth and low latency for datagram traffic. In addition, it supports real-time traffic by providing bandwidth reservations with guaranteed latency bounds. The key to the switch''s operation is a technique called iterative matching, which can quickly identify a set of conflict-free cells for transmission in a time slot. Bandwidth reservations are accommodated in the switch by building a fixed schedule for transporting cells from reserved flows across the switch; parallel iterative matching can fill unused slots with datagram traffic. Finally, we note that parallel iterative matching may not allocate bandwidth fairly among flows of datagram traffic. We describe a technique called statistical matching, which can be used to ensure fairness at the switch and to support applications with rapidly changing needs for guaranteed bandwidth.
BAD Ser-155 Phosphorylation Regulates BAD/Bcl-XL Interaction and Cell Survival (2000)

The BH3 domain of BAD mediates its death-promoting activities via heterodimerization to the Bcl-XL family of death regulators. Growth and survival factors inhibit the death-promoting activity of BAD by stimulating phosphorylation at multiple sites including Ser-112 and Ser-136. Phosphorylation at these sites promotes binding of BAD to 14-3-3 proteins, sequestering BAD away from the mitochondrial membrane where it dimerizes with Bcl-XL to exert its killing effects. We report here that the phosphorylation of BAD at Ser-155 within the BH3 domain is a second phosphorylation-dependent mechanism that inhibits the death-promoting activity of BAD. Protein kinase A, RSK1, and survival factor signaling stimulate phosphorylation of BAD at Ser-155, blocking the binding of BAD to Bcl-XL. RSK1 phosphorylates BAD at both Ser-112 and Ser-155 and rescues BAD-mediated cell death in a manner dependent upon phosphorylation at both sites.