gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Involvement of gicerin, a cell adhesion molecule, in tracheal development and regeneration. (1996)

Gicerin is a novel cell adhesion protein that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Gicerin protein adheres to neurite outgrowth factor, an extracellular matrix protein in the laminin family, and also exhibits homophilic adhesion. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of gicerin and neurite outgrowth factor in tracheal development and regeneration. In an early embryonic stage, gicerin protein was highly expressed in tracheal epithelial cells, but not in loosely arranged mesenchymal cells. During development, mesenchymal cells become condensed around the tracheal epithelium and then differentiate into muscle and cartilage; high levels of gicerin expression were observed in these cells. In the later embryonic and posthatching stages, no gicerin expression was detected in tracheal epithelium or cartilage. In addition, expression of gicerin increased transiently in the tracheal epithelium during the regeneration after tracheitis induced by the infectious bronchitis virus. Furthermore, a polyclonal antibody against gicerin inhibited the epithelial regeneration in tracheal organ cultures. These findings suggest that glcerin plays an important role in both tracheal development and regeneration.
[The rising of first aid efficiency to the rural population]. (1997)

Latest research revealed a high prevalence of diseases of the ENT organs among the rural population, though grave outcomes of such diseases were not recorded. Studies of the numbers of ENT specialists in the Urals, chernozem area, and the Northern Caucasus showed their inadequate number: 70% of ENT patients were treated at central regional hospitals by physicians of other specialization. Half of applications for ENT diseases occurs in the evening, night, and morning hours. The majority of patients with ENT diseases apply for medical care rather late. The number of specialists in ENT diseases should be increased by all means in order to render adequate medical care to patients at all stages.
A thermally-aware performance analysis of vertically integrated (3-D) processor-memory hierarchy (2006)

Three-dimensional (3-D) integrated circuits have emerged as promising candidates to overcome the interconnect bottlenecks of nanometer scale designs. While they offer several other advantages, it is expected that the benefits from this technology can potentially be off-set by thermal considerations which impact chip performance and reliability. The work presented in this paper is the first attempt to study the performance benefits of 3-D technology under the influence of such thermal constraints. Using a processor-cache-memory system and carefully chosen applications encompassing different memory behaviors, the performance of 3-D architecture is compared with a conventional planar (2-D) design. It is found that the substantial increase in memory bus frequency and bus width contribute to a significant reduction in execution time with a 3-D design. It is also found that increasing the clock frequency translates into larger gains in system performance with 3-D designs than for planar 2-D designs in memory intensive applications. The thermal profile of the vertically stacked chip is generated taking into account the highly temperature sensitive leakage power dissipation. The maximum allowed operating frequency imposed by temperature constraint is shown to be lower for 3-D than for 2-D designs. In spite of these constraints, it is shown that the 3-D system registers large performance improvement for memory intensive applications.
Hyperfibrinolysis at admission is an uncommon but highly lethal event associated with shock and prehospital fluid administration (2012)

Although uncommon immediately after injury, HF is associated with prehospital crystalloid administration and shock at admission and is highly lethal. Our in vitro model confirms that tissue injury and significant crystalloid hemodilution result in severe and immediate HF.
Computation and Evaluation of Features of Surface Electromyogram to Identify the Force of Muscle Contraction and Muscle Fatigue (2014)

The relationship between force of muscle contraction and muscle fatigue with six different features of surface electromyogram (sEMG) was determined by conducting experiments on thirty-five volunteers. The participants performed isometric contractions at 50%, 75%, and 100% of their maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). Six features were considered in this study: normalised spectral index (NSM5), median frequency, root mean square, waveform length, normalised root mean square (NRMS), and increase in synchronization (IIS) index. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and linear regression analysis were performed to determine the significance of the feature with respect to the three factors: muscle force, muscle fatigue, and subject. The results show that IIS index of sEMG had the highest correlation with muscle fatigue and the relationship was statistically significant (P < 0.01), while NSM5 associated best with level of muscle contraction (%MVC) (P < 0.01). Both of these features were not affected by the intersubject variations (P > 0.05).
Direct-coupling of FT-NMR to high performance liquid chromatography. (1978)

Concerning the qualitative detectors for high performance ligiud chromatography (HPLC) , only a small number of papers reporting the LC-MS coupling have been published.1 6) Until now, so far as we can know, there is not a paper about the direct coupling of HPLC with NMR which has potential ability in qualitative analysis. As one reason, it is pointed out that the consideration that the sensitivity of NMR is rather low is accepted too prevalently.
The morphology of Chlamydia pneumoniae (1993)

The morphology of a recently isolated strain of Chlamydia pneumoniae, YK-41, was compared by electronmicroscopy with C. pneumoniae TWAR, Chlamydia trachomatis L2/434/Bu and Chlamydia psittaci Cal 10. The results showed that "pear-shaped" morphology was not typical of C. pneumoniae. Basic morphological features, such as surface projections and hexagonally arrayed, regular structures in the inside layer of the outer membrane of elementary bodies, were very similar in these strains. The structure of strain YK-41 was identical with that of C. trachomatis and C. psittaci, but the profiles of elementary bodies were different from those of C. pneumoniae TWAR strains.
Morphometric study of rat lung cells. I. Numerical and dimensional characteristics of parenchymal cell population. (1981)

Four normal rat lungs were positive-pressure inflated (7 mm Hg downslope) and perfusion-fixed for electron microscopy. Morphometric analysis yielded estimates for compartmental volume densities in alveolar septal lung tissue excluding capillaries: type I cells, 0.126; type II cells, 0.097; endothelium, 0.264; interstitial cells, 0.358; interstitial space, 0.116; macrophages, 0.039. Numerically, the largest cell population of the parenchymal tissue was the endothelial cells (43%) followed by interstitial (31.8%), type II (14.5%), and type I (7.5%) epithelial cells; 3.2% were macrophages. Individual type I cells possessed the largest cell volume (915 micron3) as well as th largest luminal surface (4,518 micron3), covering 97.5% of the alveolar surface. Type II cells (volume, 366 micron3; surface, 62 micron2) line only 2.5% of the alveolus. Total endothelial surface is 16% larger than the alveolar surface, although individual endothelial cells are much smaller (volume, 336 micron3; luminal surface, 946 micron 2) than type I cells. Macrophages and interstitial cells (cell volume, 665 and 615 micron3, respectively) are of an intermediate size. By restricting the reference frame to alveolar septal tissue, surface and volume estimates agree well in most cases with instillation-fixed lungs. Caution is nevertheless indicated in interpreting such comparisons because differing fixation/inflation techniques generate unequal osmotic and oncotic pressure gradients.
A Targeted Approach to Reducing Overutilization: Use of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Stable Coronary Artery Disease (2012)

Overutilization, defined as use of unnecessary care when alternatives may produce similar outcomes, results in higher cost without increased value. Overutilization can be understood by focusing on settings where overuse is obvious. One example is percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in chronic stable angina. PCI is a potentially lifesaving procedure in an acute setting, but current practice guidelines indicate low-risk patients with chronic stable angina should be treated initially with optimal medical therapy (OMT) and lifestyle modification. A decision to move from this approach to PCI should be based on severity of symptoms and degree of risk. Over the last 30 years, advances in equipment, adjunctive medical treatments, and safety have made PCI more common. Recent evidence questions the benefit of PCI in stable coronary artery disease demonstrating no reduction in overall mortality or major cardiac events compared to OMT. Despite these findings, some continue to favor aggressive PCI interventions over conservative management in low-risk situations. Patients who undergo PCI without understanding the evidence may be inappropriately reassured that PCI will reduce the need for OMT and the risk of heart attack and death. Research shows shared decision-making can result in more conservative care, particularly when patients are assessed for health literacy and counseled on clinical evidence. Overutilization of PCI can be addressed by promoting active participation in an evidence-based decision-making process, allowing the opportunity to understand the expected value of invasive procedures over OMT alone through processes that encourage physicians to incorporate shared decision making prior to PCI in non-acute situations.
Session 6: Spoken Language Systems. (1994)

In the way that this community uses the term, a spoken language system (SLS) is one that incorporates both speech recognition and a large amount of language understanding, generally in the context of a specific task that is being carried out by the user. A simple voice command system would not qualify as an SLS, since little or no language processing is needed to translate the recognized word(s) into the appropriate action(s).
Ökosystemforschung im Schleswig‐Holsteinischen Wattenmeer (2004)

Die Ökosystemforschung im schleswig‐holsteinischen Wattenmeer ist ein Verbundvorhaben, das aus zwei Teilen mit Laufzeiten von jeweils sechs Jahren besteht, die in engem inhaltlichen und thematischen Zusammenhang stehen: Anwendungsbezogene (Teil A) und grundlagenorientierte (Teil B) Forschung. Sie folgt einem interdisziplinären Ansatz, der naturwissenschaftliche und gesellschaftswissenschaftliche Fragestellungen in einem gemeinsamen Vorhaben Ökosystemforschung integriert. Ziel des Vorhabens ist die Erlangung eines grundlegenden Verständnisses der Strukturen und Funktionen des Systems Natur – Mensch im Wattenmeer, um für die Lösung oder Entschärfung aktueller und künftiger Umweltprobleme und Konflikte gerüstet zu sein, und die Erarbeitung von Bewertungskriterien und Instrumentarien, die zur Verwirklichung der langfristigen Schutz‐ und Überwachungsaufgaben im Wattenmeer erforderlich sind. Die Forschungsergebnisse und Syntheseprodukte wurden in Abschlussberichten, Broschüren und zahlreichen Publikationen dokumentiert. Die Forschungsdaten und ‐berichte der Teile A und B werden für die Aufgaben des Naturschutzes im Nationalparkamt in Tönning u.a. für die Erarbeitung von Konzepten für die zukünftige Entwicklung des Nationalparks aufbereitet.
Implication of cyclin-dependent kinases and glycogen synthase kinase 3 in the phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein 1B in developing neuronal cells (1998)

Phosphorylation at certain proline-directed sites on the microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) is a characteristic feature of mitotic neuronal precursor cells and developing neurons and is particularly abundant within growing axons. This mode of MAP1B phosphorylation disappears from mature neurons, except in those neurons that have a high regenerative potential, and is aberrantly up-regulated in degenerating neurons within the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. Here, we report that this type of MAP1B phosphorylation is practically abolished in proliferating neuroblastoma cells that are treated with chemical inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases. In contrast, these drugs have no significant effect on MAP1B phosphorylation in either differentiated neuroblastoma cells or cerebellar granule neurons. Interestingly, lithium, which is a potent inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3, suppresses this mode of MAP1B phosphorylation in differentiated neuroblastoma cells and cerebellar granule neurons. This is consistent with a major role of cyclin-dependent kinases in catalyzing this type of MAP1B phosphorylation in proliferating neural cells, whereas glycogen synthase kinase 3 would be largely responsible for this mode of MAP1B phosphorylation in postmitotic neurons that are extending axons. Both cyclin-dependent kinases and glycogen synthase kinase 3 might contribute to the aberrant MAP1B phosphorylation observed in Alzheimer's disease.
Sequence and structure of the coding region of the human H-ras-1 gene from T24 bladder carcinoma cells. (1983)

We have molecularly cloned and sequenced cDNA to the transcript of H-ras-1, the transforming gene of the T24 human bladder carcinoma cell line. The transcript derives from at least five exons in the H-ras-1 gene, and RNA splicing occurs at sites typical of exon-intron junctions. T24 H-ras-1 RNA has an AUG-initiated open reading frame of 567 nucleotides, which can encode a protein of mass comparable to the apparent molecular weight of the T24 H-ras-1 gene product. The T24 H-ras-1 gene product is nearly identical to v-H-ras p21, the transforming protein encoded by the genome of Harvey sarcoma virus. We discuss the implications of this sequence conservation in the structure-function relationships of ras proteins.
Rheumatoid cachexia: cytokine-driven hypermetabolism accompanying reduced body cell mass in chronic inflammation. (1994)

The cytokines IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha cause cachexia and hypermetabolism in animal models, but their role in human inflammation remains controversial. The relationship between in vitro cytokine production and metabolism was examined in 23 adults with RA and 23 healthy control subjects matched on age, sex, race, and weight. Body composition was measured by multicompartmental analysis of body cell mass, water, fat, and bone mass. Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured by indirect calorimetry. Cytokine production by PBMC was measured by radioimmunoassay. Usual energy intake, physical activity, disability scores, medication use, and other confounders were also measured. Body cell mass was 13% lower (P < 0.00001), REE was 12% higher (P < 0.008), and physical activity was much lower (P < 0.001) in subjects with RA. Production of TNF-alpha was higher in RA than controls, both before and after stimulation with endotoxin (P < 0.05), while production of IL-1 beta was higher with endotoxin stimulation (P < 0.01). In multivariate analysis, cytokine production was directly associated with REE (P < 0.001) in patients but not in controls. While energy and protein intake were similar in the two groups and exceeded the Recommended Dietary Allowances, energy intake in subjects with RA was inversely associated with IL-1 beta production (P < 0.005). In this study we conclude that: loss of body cell mass is common in RA; cytokine production in RA is associated with altered energy metabolism and intake, despite a theoretically adequate diet; and TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta modulate energy metabolism and body composition in RA.
Thymidine rescue of high-dose methotrexate in humans. (1978)

Thymidine rescue was administered following 63 courses of high-dose methotrexate in 20 patients. In the first part of this study, the methotrexate was given as a 24-hr infusion and the dose was escalated from 0.14 to 8.54 g/sq m; in the second part, methotrexate was infused to maintain a serum concentration of 15 micrometer for 30, 36, or 40 hr. Thymidine rescue was started immediately after the end of the methotrexate infusions, and consisted of 8 g/sq m/day for 3 days or until serum methotrexate was below a toxic level. Mucositis and myelosuppression were the major toxicities. Neither was dose related. Serum methotrexate levels were proportional to the logarithm of the methotrexate dose. There was a mean 6-fold increase in thymidine concentration during rescue. However, thymidine levels prior to and during rescue were not related to the incidence of subsequent toxicity. Recovery of DNA synthesis in bone marrow cells was evident by nucleoside precursor incorporation at 24 hr after the start of rescue. Two of 16 evaluable patients achieved partial responses. This study indicates that thymidine is an effective rescue agent for high-dose methotrexate in humans.
In vivo co-localisation of MBNL protein with DMPK expanded-repeat transcripts (2001)

Myotonic dystrophy (DM1) is the most common form of adult muscular dystrophy and is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. The genetic basis of DM1 is the expansion of a CTG repeat in the 3' untranslated region of a protein kinase gene (DMPK). The molecular mechanism by which this expanded repeat produces the pathophysiology of DM1 remains unknown. Transcripts from the expanded allele accumulate as foci in the nucleus of DM1 cells and it has been suggested that these transcript foci sequester cellular proteins that are required for normal nuclear function. We have investigated the role of three RNA-binding proteins, CUG-BP, hnRNP C and MBNL, as possible sequestered factors. Using a combination of indirect immunofluorescence to detect endogenous proteins and overexpression of proteins with green fluorescent protein (GFP) tags we have shown that CUG-BP and hnRNP C do not co-localise with expanded repeat foci in DM1 cell lines. However, GFP-tagged MBNL does itself form foci in DM1 cell lines and co-localises with the foci of expanded repeat transcripts. GFP-tagged MBNL does not appear as foci in non-DM1 cell lines. This work provides further support for the involvement of MBNL in DM1.
Novel Isoprene Sensor for a Flu Virus Breath Monitor (2017)

A common feature of the inflammatory response in patients who have actually contracted influenza is the generation of a number of volatile products of the alveolar and airway epithelium. These products include a number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitric oxide (NO). These may be used as biomarkers to detect the disease. A portable 3-sensor array microsystem-based tool that can potentially detect flu infection biomarkers is described here. Whether used in connection with in-vitro cell culture studies or as a single exhale breathalyzer, this device may be used to provide a rapid and non-invasive screening method for flu and other virus-based epidemics.
Antitumor activity of the selective epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR‐TKI) Iressa® (ZD1839) in an EGFR‐expressing multidrug‐resistant cell line in vitro and in vivo (2001)

Selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors are regarded as promising antitumor agents for cancer treatment. Iressa (ZD1839) is an orally active, selective EGFR-TKI (epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor) that blocks signal transduction pathways implicated in cancer cell proliferation, survival and other host-dependent processes promoting cancer growth. The cellular mechanisms of ZD1839 action against human malignant cells and drug-resistant cells were evaluated in vitro. Among the cell lines tested, ZD1839 showed a strong growth-inhibitory effect in vitro on human leukemic cells resistant to phorbol ester. This cell line, K562/TPA, shows a non-P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug-resistant phenotype. The IC50 value of ZD1839 on K562/TPA was approximately 400-fold lower than that on the parental K562 cell (K562 = 12 +/- 2 microM; K562/TPA = 0.025 +/- 0.002 microM) in vitro as determined by a dye formation assay. The expression of EGFR and EGFR mRNA was clearly present in K562/TPA but not in parental K562 cells as determined by Western blotting and RT-PCR. EGFR was autophosphorylated in K562/TPA detected by the antiphosphotyrosine antibody. The in vivo antitumor effects of ZD1839 on K562 and K562/TPA cells were also investigated in BALB/c nude mice. K562/TPA cells transplanted subcutaneously into mice disappeared completely with ZD1839 treatment (20 mg/kg/day, days 3-9). This was not the case in K562 cells. These results suggest that ZD1839 is highly active against tumor cells with non-P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance that express EGFR. Iressa is a trademark of AstraZeneca (Cheshire, UK).
Novel Inhibitory Activity for Serine Protease Inhibitor Kazal Type-3 (Spink3) on Human Recombinant Kallikreins (2013)

Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) are trypsin-like and chymotrypsin-like serine proteases which are expressed in several tissues. Their activity is tightly controlled by inhibitors including members of the serine protease Kazal-type (SPINK) family. These enzymes are promising targets for the treatment of skin desquamation, inflammation and cancer. Spink3 or caltrin I is expressed in mouse pancreas and males accessory glands and the resulting mature protein has been associated with different activities such as an inhibitor of trypsin and acrosin activity, calcium transport inhibitor in sperm and inhibitor of cell proliferation during embryogenesis. In this study, we produced a soluble recombinant Spink3 from mouse seminal vesicle (rmSpink3) that inhibited the activity of human KLKs. Using FRET substrates, rmSpink3 exhibited a potent inhibitory activity against human KLK2, KLK3, KLK5 (Ki ranging from 260 to 1500 nM), and to a lesser extent against KLK6, KLK1 and KLK7 (Ki around 3000 nM). As shown by mass spectrometry analysis of rmSpink3 incubated with trypsin, the inhibitor was not truncated by the target enzyme. Based on the in silico analysis of the expression of Spink3/SPINK1 and KLKs it is speculated that some KLKs may be natural targets of Spink3/SPINK1, however experimental confirmation using both proteins from mouse or human origin is needed. This work shows that rmSpink3 is a potent inhibitor of various human KLK members suggesting the potential of this molecule in the diagnosis/prevention of several human diseases.