gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylated Tau Protein Is Integrated into Paired Helical Filaments in Alzheimer's Disease1 (1986)

Antisera to paired helical filaments (PHF) were found to contain a significant amount of tau antibodies specific for a phosphorylated form, but only a negligible amount of those specific for a non-phosphorylated form. Also, the phosphorylated tau-specific antibodies, but not the non-phosphorylated tau-specific ones, labeled neurofibrillary tangles isolated in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and stained both tangles and senile plaque neuritis in fixed tissue sections in a very similar way to as the whole antiserum did. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that a major antigenic determinant of PHF is phosphorylated tau itself.
Characteristics of Gas-Fluidized Beds in Different Flow Regimes (1999)

Hydrodynamic characteristics among different flow regimes of gas fluidized beds are compared on the basis of experiments with fluidized catalytic cracking particles in a 76.2 mm diameter riser. Pressure and local voidage fluctuations were analyzed using both statistical and chaotic tools. The standard deviations of local voidage fluctuations are much lower in a high-density circulating fluidized-bed riser than in the bubbling and turbulent flow regimes, even for identical local time-mean voidages. A chaotic time series analysis can distinguish flow structures of the various flow regimes. Bifractal structures, characterized by two Hurst exponents, two correlation dimensions, and two Kolmogorov entropies, characterize the motions of the dilute and emulsion phases in the bubbling and turbulent flow regimes. The two-phase structure becomes less distinguishable with increasing gas velocity, eventually disappearing on reaching dilute phase transport. However, for high solids concentrations, the bifractal character persists, suggesting that particles may travel in two different forms. Radial profiles of chaotic parameters are relatively flat in the bubbling and turbulent flow regimes, but significantly nonuniform in dense suspension upflow. Flow behavior in the high-density riser and in the dense bottom region of a low-density riser operated in the fast fluidization regime differ from the bubbling and turbulent flow regimes, even when compared where there are equal local voidages.
Neurotrophic Factors (1985)

In addition to nerve growth factor (NGF), many proteins present in soluble tissue extracts and in the extracellular matrix influence the survival and development of cultured neurons. The structure, synthesis, and mechanism of action of NGF as a neurotrophic factor are considered along with the experiments on the new putative trophic molecules.
Progress towards practical quantum variational algorithms (2015)

The preparation of quantum states using short quantum circuits is one of the most promising near-term applications of small quantum computers, especially if the circuit is short enough and the fidelity of gates high enough that it can be executed without quantum error correction. Such quantum state preparation can be used in variational approaches, optimizing parameters in the circuit to minimize the energy of the constructed quantum state for a given problem Hamiltonian. For this purpose we propose a simple-to-implement class of quantum states motivated by adiabatic state preparation. We test its accuracy and determine the required circuit depth for a Hubbard model on ladders with up to 12 sites (24 spin orbitals), and for small molecules. We find that this ansatz converges faster than previously proposed schemes based on unitary coupled clusters. While the required number of measurements is astronomically large for quantum chemistry applications to molecules, applying the variational approach to the Hubbard model (and related models) is found to be far less demanding and potentially practical on small quantum computers. We also discuss another application of quantum state preparation using short quantum circuits, to prepare trial ground states of models faster than using adiabatic state preparation.
The 5' and 3' untranslated regions of satellite tobacco necrosis virus RNA affect translational efficiency and dependence on a 5' cap structure (1993)

Satellite tobacco necrosis virus RNA (STNV RNA) is a naturally uncapped viral RNA that contains 1239 nucleotides: 29 in the 5' untranslated region (UTR), 591 in the coding region and 619 in the 3' UTR. Mutations were made in the 5' and 3' UTRs, and the effects of these mutations on translational efficiency and cap independence were measured in an in vitro translation system from wheat germ. Removal of the first 12 nucleotides or 10 changes in the nucleotide sequence of the 5' UTR reduced translational efficiency approximately 3-fold; capping of these 5' mutant mRNAs restored their translational efficiencies. Truncation of the 3' UTR to nucleotide 627 or 700, or deletion of nucleotides 627-737, reduced translational efficiency more than 20-fold; capping of these 3' mutant mRNAs restored their translational efficiencies. These modifications in the 3' UTR increased the concentration of initiation factor 4F required for translation. Chimeric mRNAs were constructed which contained the coding region of rabbit alpha-globin mRNA and either the 5' UTR, 3' UTR, or both the 5' and 3' UTRs of STNV RNA. Both the 5' and 3' UTRs of STNV RNA were necessary to obtain cap-independent translation. These findings indicate that interaction between 5' UTR and the region between nucleotides 627 and 737 in the 3' UTR are required for cap-independent translation.
Microalgae as food and supplement (1991)

The microalgae Chlorella spp., Dunaliella spp., and Scenedesmus spp., and the cyanobacteria Spirulina spp., and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, are being used as nutrient-dense foods and sources of fine chemicals. They have significant amounts of lipid, protein, chlorophyll, carotenoids, vitamins, minerals, and unique pigments. They may also have potent probiotic compounds that enhance health. Their historical and current use are reviewed in this article.
Glucocorticoids Inhibit the Autoregulatory Induction of lnterleukin-1 in Monocytes after Endotoxin Stimulation (1996)

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is an important mediator in the mechanisms underlying the immune and inflammatory responses. It has pleiotropic effects in host defense and, when present in high concentrations, participates in the development of pathological processes. IL-1 is the most potent cytokine in the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis during infection and therefore leads to a glucocorticoid increase. Glucocorticoids in a feedback loop inhibit the production of IL-1 induced by endotoxin. IL-1 also induces its own synthesis. In this report, we examine the role of glucocorticoids in the regulation of IL-1 autoregulatory induction in human monocytes at the level of IL-1 protein production and mRNA accumulation. Using recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist we established that endogenously produced IL-1 affects induction of IL-1beta protein by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at the level of mRNA expression. The inhibition of LPS-stimulated IL-1beta production and mRNA expression by glucocorticoids (dexamethasone and cortisol) reaches the same level with glucocorticoids alone or in combination with rIL-1ra. IL-1beta mRNA induced by exogenously added IL-1beta was also inhibited by glucocorticoids. These results indicate that glucocorticoids inhibit the autoregulatory loop of IL-1 in LPS-stimulated monocytes and constitute a mechanism for controlling IL-1 feedback stimulation.
The infrared and ultraviolet absorption spectra of laboratory-produced carbon dust: evidence for the presence of the C60 molecule (1990)

In carbon smoke samples prepared from vaporized graphite at elevated quenching gas pressures (e.g. > 100 Torr He) new absorption features have been observed in the infrared (the strongest at 1429, 1183, 577, and 528 cm−1). Broader features also have been observed in the ultraviolet (the strongest at 340, 270, and 220 nm). By studying 13C-enriched samples we have shown that the infrared absorptions are produced by large, pure carbon molecules. The evidence supports the idea that the features are produced by the icosahedral C60 molecule.
Generation of gold carbenes in water: efficient intermolecular trapping of the α-oxo gold carbenoids by indoles and anilines (2014)

The efficient intermolecular reaction of gold carbene intermediates, generated <italic>via</italic> gold-catalyzed alkyne oxidation, with indoles and anilines has been realized in aqueous media.
Nuclear receptors modulate the interaction of Sp1 and GC-rich DNA via ternary complex formation (2000)

Binding sites for transcription factor Sp1 have been implicated in the transcriptional regulation of several genes by hormones or vitamins, and here we show that a GC-rich element contributes to the retinoic acid response of the interleukin 1beta promoter. To explain such observations, it has been proposed that nuclear receptors can interact with Sp1 bound to GC-rich DNA. However, evidence supporting this model has remained indirect. So far, nuclear receptors have not been detected in a complex with Sp1 and GC-rich DNA, and the expected ternary complexes in non-denaturing gels were not seen. In search for these missing links we found that nuclear receptors [retinoic acid receptor (RAR), thyroid hormone receptor (TR), vitamin D(3) receptor, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor and retinoic X receptor] induce an electrophoretic mobility increase of Sp1-GC-rich DNA complexes. Concomitantly, binding of Sp1 to the GC-box is enhanced. It is proposed that nuclear receptors may partially replace Sp1 in homo-oligomers at the GC-box. RARs and Sp1 can also combine into a complex with a retinoic acid-response element. The presence of RAR and Sp1 in complexes with either cognate site was revealed in supershift experiments. The C-terminus of Sp1 interacts with nuclear receptors. Both the ligand- and DNA-binding domains of the receptor are important for complex formation with Sp1 and GC-rich DNA. In spite of similar capacity to form ternary complexes, RAR but not TR up-regulated an Sp1-driven reporter in a ligand-dependent way. Thus additional factors limit the transcriptional response mediated by nuclear receptors and Sp1.
Membrane interleukin 1 induction on human endothelial cells and dermal fibroblasts. (1987)

Human endothelial cells and dermal fibroblasts both expressed a membrane-associated interleukin 1 (IL-1) activity when stimulated with either recombinant tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or recombinant lymphotoxin but stimulated endothelial cells expressed significantly more membrane IL-1 per cell than did fibroblasts. Lipopolysaccharide induced membrane IL-1 activity on endothelial cells but not fibroblasts. Interferon-gamma treatment of endothelial cells and fibroblasts had no direct effect on membrane IL-1 expression and little effect when used as a pretreatment for TNF or lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Endothelial cell membrane IL-1 activity was induced within 24 hr of culture with TNF or lipopolysaccharide, and increased up to 72 hr of incubation. Antibodies raised against human monocyte-derived IL-1 species neutralized the membrane IL-1 activity of TNF-stimulated endothelial cells. Both absorption studies and neutralization with specific sera indicated that endothelial cell membrane IL-1 is structurally related to IL-1 alpha. Endothelial cells expressed both IL-1 beta mRNA in response to TNF, lymphotoxin, and recombinant IL-1 species, as detected by Northern blot analysis. These studies demonstrate that endothelial cells can be activated to express a cell-surface IL-1 activity which is structurally, as well as functionally, related to the secreted form of IL-1.
Stereospecific Homopolymerization of Cyclopentene (1964)

Abstract The polymerization of cyclo‐olefins, like that of olefins with an internal double bond, is sterically hindered. Within recent years it has become possible to prepare copolymers of these compounds with ethylene, with the aid of anionic coordination Ziegler catalysts. This copolymerization always results in cis‐opening of the double bond. Despite the steric hindrance, cyclobutene and cyclopropene have also been homopolymerized, with opening of the double bond. – Rather surprisingly, the best catalysts for homopolymerization of cyclopentene are those which exhibit low activity in the polymerization of ethylene. Ring cleavage occurs with MoCl 5 /Al(C 2 H 5 ) 3 to give the cis‐polypentenamer, whereas WCl 6 /Al(C 2 H 5 ) 3 gives the trans‐polypentenamer. Both polypentenamers exhibit elastomeric properties. – Evidence from infrared spectra and oxidative degradation indicates that the monomer units in the trans‐polypentenamer are linked head‐to‐tail. It is presumably the single bond adjacent to the double bond that is broken. Using X‐ray methods at −50 °C, it was possible to determine the crystal structure of the crystalline trans‐polypentenamer at about 400% elongation.
Hearing-aid users’ voices: A factor that could affect directional benefit (2013)

In the original experiment, hearing aids were affected by listeners' voices such that Back-DIR was not always activated when the target speech was presented. In the follow-up experiment, listeners' voice effects were eliminated by the carrier phrase activating Back-DIR before the sentences were presented. The results suggest that the effect of hearing-aid technologies is highly dependent on the characteristics of listening conditions.
In vitro and in vivo assessment of functional capacity of flow cytometrically sorted ram spermatozoa after freezing and thawing (2003)

The effect of sex sorting and freeze-thawing on the viability and fertility of ram spermatozoa was investigated in the present study. Non-sorted (control) frozen-thawed spermatozoa had a higher motility and forwards progressive motility (FPM) than sorted frozen-thawed spermatozoa (60.9 +/- 2.9% v. 57.0 +/- 3.3% and 4.0 +/- 0.1 v. 3.5 +/- 0.1 FPM, respectively; P < 0.001) after incubation (6 h at 37 degrees C). Sorted and non-sorted (control) frozen-thawed spermatozoa had similar acrosome integrity (73.7 +/- 1.8% v. 75.2 +/- 2.1%, respectively) after thawing and incubation. A greater proportion of sorted spermatozoa displayed chlortetracycline staining patterns that were characteristic of capacitation (22.0 +/- 2.8%; P < 0.05) than non-sorted (control) spermatozoa (15.4 +/- 2.6% B pattern) before freezing. Overall, more sorted frozen-thawed spermatozoa showed patterns characteristic of being acrosome reacted (12.8 +/- 0.7%; P < 0.01) and less were uncapacitated (35.5 +/- 0.6%; P < 0.05) than non-sorted (control) frozen-thawed spermatozoa (7.7 +/- 0.8%; and 38.6 +/- 0.6% for AR and F pattern, respectively). Similar numbers of non-sorted (control) and sorted frozen-thawed spermatozoa migrated through artificial cervical mucus after 1 h (76.4 +/- 11.9 v. 73.9 +/- 11.9 spermatozoa, respectively). The distance travelled by the vanguard spermatozoon was also similar (56.9 +/- 7.8 v. 38.6 +/- 5.8 mm for control and sorted spermatozoa, respectively). Sorted and control frozen-thawed spermatozoa displayed a similar pattern of binding to, and release from, an oviduct epithelial cell monolayer (OECM), but sorted frozen-thawed spermatozoa were released more rapidly (P < 0.05) than non-sorted (control) frozen-thawed spermatozoa. The pregnancy rate was higher for ewes inseminated with 100 x 10(6) (commercial control) frozen-thawed spermatozoa (59%) than for 5, 10, 20 and 40 x 10(6) total sorted frozen-thawed spermatozoa (41% overall; P < 0.001). Insemination of 16 x 10(6) resulted in a higher pregnancy rate (31%) than 10(6) (17%; P < 0.05), but was similar to ewes that received 4 x 10(6) sorted frozen-thawed spermatozoa (24%). Time of insemination (54, 58 and 62 h after sponge removal) had no effect on pregnancy rate. Pregnancy in gonadotrophin-releasing hormone-treated ewes was affected by insemination dose (P < 0.05) but not sperm type (sorted and non-sorted) or ram. Pregnancy was higher after insemination of 40 x 10(6) than 5 or 20 x 10(6) non-sorted (control) or sorted frozen-thawed spermatozoa (70%, 33% and 35%, respectively; P < 0.05). Sorted frozen-thawed spermatozoa may have a shorter viability within the female tract than non-sorted frozen-thawed spermatozoa.
A novel nonsense mutation in the PKD1 gene (C3817T) is associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) in a large three-generation Italian family (1995)

We have looked for disease-causing mutations in the PKD1 gene in 20 unrelated ADPKD probands from northern Italy, all members of families in which our previous studies had indicated linkage to PKD1. Using PCR with primer pairs located in the 3' unique region of the gene and heteroduplex DNA analysis, we have detected novel aberrant bands in five affected individuals from the same family, which were absent in 13 other unaffected family members. Cloning and automated DNA sequencing revealed a C to T transition at nucleotide position 3817 of the published cDNA sequence, which created a premature stop codon. The mutation destroyed a MspA1I restriction site, and the abnormal restriction pattern was observed on genomic DNA from all the affected family members. RT-PCR and restriction analysis performed on peripheral white blood cell mRNA showed that in the affected members, both the mutant and the normal transcript are represented. This mutation was not found in the probands of the other families studied. To our knowledge, this is the first nonsense mutation described in the PKD1 gene.
TR4 nuclear receptor functions as a fatty acid sensor to modulate CD36 expression and foam cell formation (2009)

Testicular orphan nuclear receptor 4 (TR4) is an orphan member of the nuclear receptor superfamily with diverse physiological functions. Using TR4 knockout (TR4(-/-)) mice to study its function in cardiovascular diseases, we found reduced cluster of differentiation (CD)36 expression with reduced foam cell formation in TR4(-/-) mice. Mechanistic dissection suggests that TR4 induces CD36 protein and mRNA expression via a transcriptional regulation. Interestingly, we found this TR4-mediated CD36 transactivation can be further enhanced by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as omega-3 and -6 fatty acids, and their metabolites such as 15-hydroxyeico-satetraonic acid (15-HETE) and 13-hydroxy octa-deca dieonic acid (13-HODE) and thiazolidinedione (TZD)-rosiglitazone. Both electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays demonstrate that TR4 binds to the TR4 response element located on the CD36 5'-promoter region for the induction of CD36 expression. Stably transfected TR4-siRNA or functional TR4 cDNA in the RAW264.7 macrophage cells resulted in either decreased or increased CD36 expression with decreased or increased foam cell formation. Restoring functional CD36 cDNA in the TR4 knockdown macrophage cells reversed the decreased foam cell formation. Together, these results reveal an important signaling pathway controlling CD36-mediated foam cell formation/cardiovascular diseases, and findings that TR4 transactivation can be activated via its ligands/activators, such as PUFA metabolites and TZD, may provide a platform to screen new drug(s) to battle the metabolism syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.
Pest management plan (2003)

This environmental assessment (EA) aims at developing a systematic process for assessing potential environmental, and social impacts due to the implementation of the Support to Economic Expansion and Diversification (SEED) Project, and, at ensuring full compliance with Zambia's environmental legislation, and the Bank's operational directives. While by and large, the project will generate positive impacts, this EA has identified potential adversity, proposing the following mitigation measures. The creation of an integrated, and coordinated institutional framework is critical to ensure in project areas that stakeholders' interests be considered in the planning, implementation, and management of the project, which includes as well appropriate institutional arrangements, and resources allocation. Social issues address the need for capacity building and training assistance, to sensitize communities, and promote new employment opportunities, through the private sector participation. Public consultation should further ensure the due process, and opportunities for stakeholders to express their views. An environmental screening, and assessment procedures are recommended, to address each project component, i.e., tourism, agribusiness, gemstone processing, and small and medium scale enterprise development. To prevent soil erosion, adversity on natural habitats, wildlife, and on cultural and traditional sites, it is suggested that a) technical specifications, and environmental guidelines be specified for contractors to comply with; b) firebreaks along corridors, or in critical habitats be minimized as possible; and, c) an archaeological survey be conducted prior to construction works, and heritage sites be avoided, or, as needed, the Archaeological authorities be notified. To prevent deforestation, tree harvesting permits should be strictly enforced. Yet, the traditional means of obtaining honey is an issue, and it is suggested to promote the use of hives built from boards. Solid waste disposal requires the provision of facilities, to be monitored regularly, discouraging inappropriate disposal or burning. Several other measures further address issues concerning noise abatement, cattle grazing, wildlife disruption, access to water, and rivers, loss of riparian vegetation, vegetative propagation, in addition to impacts on groundwater, soil, and irrigation systems, among others. The second volume specifically addresses pest management practices.
A 16/spl times/16 nonvolatile programmable analog vector-matrix multiplier (1998)

In this paper, we present a 16/spl times/16 analog vector-matrix multiplier with analog electrically erasable and programmable read-only memories (EEPROMs) used as nonvolatile storage for the weight matrix values. Each weight matrix value is stored in an EEPROM transistor as a change of the threshold voltage, and the same EEPROM transistor is used for the multiplication by utilizing the square-law characteristic of the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor. This allows a very simple circuit for the multiplier array with a size of about 1/spl times/1 mm/sup 2/. The vector-matrix multiplier has been fabricated in a 1,5-/spl mu/m single-poly complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor/EEPROM technology and successfully tested.
RETRACTED: Treatment with Panax Ginseng Antagonizes the Estrogen Decline in Ovariectomized Mice (2014)

Ginseng is a popular herb for alleviating menopausal symptoms; however, no conclusive scientific data has shown ginseng as being efficient in such therapies. The present study was designed to evaluate the estrogenic efficacy of ginseng on reproductive target tissues of ovariectomized (OVX) mice. The OVX mice were treated with ginseng at doses of 12.0, 18.0 and 24.0 g/kg per day for four weeks. Ginseng treatments restored the estrus cycle and demonstrated significant estrogenic activity, as indicated by the reversal of the atrophy of the uterus and vagina, upregulation of estrogen receptor (ER) α and ER β expression at the protein and mRNA level in the reproductive tissues, where ER α upregulation was stronger than that of ER β. Meanwhile, treatment with ginseng significantly increased adrenal gland weight and serum estradiol and clearly decreased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in circulation. Notably, the largest changes in these parameters were found at the highest dose of 24.0 g/kg. Moreover, ginseng at 18.0 g/kg resulted in the greatest decrease in weight gain caused by ovariectomy. The data suggest that ginseng estrogenic responses show tissue variation that reflects different affinities of ERs for ginseng components. This study demonstrates that ginseng activity is mediated through estrogenic components and provides further evidence for ginseng treatment of postmenopausal symptoms.