gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imprinted X-inactivation in extra-embryonic endoderm cell lines from mouse blastocysts (2005)

The extra-embryonic endoderm lineage plays a major role in the nutritive support of the embryo and is required for several inductive events, such as anterior patterning and blood island formation. Blastocyst-derived embryonic stem (ES) and trophoblast stem (TS) cell lines provide good models with which to study the development of the epiblast and trophoblast lineages, respectively. We describe the derivation and characterization of cell lines that are representative of the third lineage of the blastocyst -extra-embryonic endoderm. Extra-embryonic endoderm (XEN) cell lines can be reproducibly derived from mouse blastocysts and passaged without any evidence of senescence. XEN cells express markers typical of extra-embryonic endoderm derivatives, but not those of the epiblast or trophoblast. Chimeras generated by injection of XEN cells into blastocysts showed exclusive contribution to extra-embryonic endoderm cell types. We used female XEN cells to investigate the mechanism of X chromosome inactivation in this lineage. We observed paternally imprinted X-inactivation, consistent with observations in vivo. Based on gene expression analysis, chimera studies and imprinted X-inactivation, XEN cell lines are representative of extra-embryonic endoderm and provide a new cell culture model of an early mammalian lineage.
PWM as a Low Cost Method for the Analog Control of MEMS Devices (2018)

In this paper we discuss the use of pulse width modulation (PWM) to control analog MEMS devices. We achieve precise linear analog control of MEMS by applying a PWM signal with a frequency well above the system's mechanical natural frequency. We first demonstrate this using a parallel plate actuator and comb-drive, then extend the technique to control a commerical deformable mirror. Such an approach allows the system designer to replace expensive drive electronics such as high precision DACs and high voltage, linear amplifiers with a simple on-off switch. Advancements in the electronics industry tend to make precise timing cheaper and faster; our approach exploits these long term trends to create low cost control circuits. We also show how PWM control can linearize the positional response of devices where typically the position would depend quadratically on the applied, analog voltage.
Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis using M13-derived vectors: an efficient and general procedure for the production of point mutations in any fragment of DNA (1982)

This paper presents a versatile and efficient procedure for the construction of oligodeoxyribonucleotide directed site-specific mutations in DNA fragments cloned into M13 derived vectors. As an example, production of a transition mutation in a clone of the yeast MATa1 gene is described. The oligonucleotide is hybridized to the template DNA and covalently closed closed double stranded molecules are generated by extension of the oligonucleotide primer with E. coli DNA polymerase (large fragment) and ligation with T4 DNA ligase. The resulting double stranded closed circular DNA (CC-DNA) is separated from unligated and incompletely extended molecules by alkaline sucrose gradient centrifugation. This purification is essential for production of mutants at high efficiency. Competent E. coli JM101 cells are transformed with the CC-DNA fraction and single stranded DNA is isolated from individual plaques. The recombinants are screened for mutant molecules by 1) restriction endonuclease screening for the loss of the Hinf I site in the target region, and 2) by dot blot hybridization using the mutagenic oligonucleotide as probe. Double stranded DNA is isolated from the sequencing. Efficiency of mutant production is in the range of 10-45% and no precautions to prevent mismatch repair are required.
Chemical synthesis of oligoribonucleotides containing 2-aminopurine: substrates for the investigation of ribozyme function (1990)

The chemical synthesis of a fully protected ribonucleoside phosphoramidite, containing 2-aminopurine as the base component, and its incorporation into short oligoribonucleotides as substrates for an engineered ribozyme from Tetrahymena is described.
Cytomegalovirus, angiomatosis, and Kaposi's sarcoma: new observations of a debated relationship. (1992)

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) encompasses a broad spectrum of lesions ranging from foci of muco-cutaneous angiomatosis to tumor masses of internal organs. Its strong association with immune deficiency and the marked differences in incidence between the various populations at risk are suggestive of an infectious etiology. The agent most often suspected of being implicated in the etiology of KS is cytomegalovirus (CMV); however, despite sustained research on this subject, its role remains controversial. The present work includes six cases of KS with a broad variety of lesions in which, with the use of light and electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization, we investigated the presence of CMV and examined its relationship with KS. CMV was present in all six cases and showed a remarkable propensity for the KS lesions where both intranuclear and intracytoplasmic forms were not only next to but frequently within KS cells. Areas of angiomatosis, hemorrhage, and KS had usually an abundance of CMV. Herpes-like virus particles inside KS nuclei were documented by light and electron microscopy and identified as CMV by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. The selective morphologic presence of this virus within the tumor cells, not previously demonstrated, indicates a strong association between CMV and KS, the significance of which remains to be established.
Wideband speech coding using ADPCM and a new spectral replication method based on parametric stereo coding (2011)

A spectral replication coding scheme based on parametric stereo is introduced in this paper. Parametric stereo technique was initiated to encode both the left and right stereo channels more efficiently by extracting redundancy between these channels. A mono downmix signal plus small side information (some parameters) are transmitted instead of two channels. In the decoder both channels are reconstructed from the mono downmix signal and the received parameters. We have borrowed this technique to create a new spectral replication coding. In the proposed method, the signal is divided into two low and high frequency parts. We deal, then, with these parts as left and right channels in the stereo signal to acquire the parameters where the low part signal plays the role of the downmix signal which is coded using ADPCM technique. The results show that we can achieve 16.6-21.5% reduction in bit rate, in comparison with G.722 standard, bearing little degradation in quality.
Potential anticancer agents. 5-(N-Substituted-aminocarbonyl)- and 5-(N-substituted-aminothiocarbonyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acids (1988)

5-[[N-[(Ethoxycarbonyl)alkyl]amino]carbonyl] (6-9) and the corresponding aminothiocarbonyl (12-15) derivatives of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid were prepared as multisubstrate analogues of the substrate--cofactor adduct in the reactions catalyzed by the folate-mediated one-carbon transfer reactions. Evaluation in vitro showed that 7 (alkyl = hexyl) was cytotoxic to H.Ep.-2 cells (ED50, 4 microM) but noncytotoxic to proliferating L1210 cells. No activity was observed for 7 against the P388 leukemia in mice.
Controlled drug delivery in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. (1985)

Diabetes not only requires correction of an insulin deficiency but it also demands adequate insulin delivery. A short historical review is given over the first 60 years of insulin treatment, where emphasis was mainly on the correction of insulin deficiency. Despite concerted efforts, metabolic results were often poor, and there was a high incidence of late complications, which will be described briefly. A major aim of new treatment approaches, which emphasizes better routes of insulin delivery, is the prevention or reversal of these late complications. Closed-loop systems are infusion systems located outside the body which deliver insulin according to glucose values that are measured continuously. The state of the art for such systems will be described with examples of clinical applications and results. These systems aid and stimulate research, but offer no long-term application for treatment. Open-loop systems are portable, both external and implantable, and lack an accurate glucose sensor so that the loop can be closed. A number of insulin delivery systems have been developed in this category ranging from highly complex, fully implantable units, programable from outside, to simple basal-rate infusion pumps. Various pumps are designed to be used with varying delivery routes, and the evaluation of different routes will be a vital topic in this article. Pros and cons of the intravenous, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous routes will be discussed, with supporting research referenced. Clinical experience will be cited for both the complex and the simple infusion systems. Other topics to be covered include feasibility of long-term treatment, complications of this new treatment approach, guidelines for patient instruction and supervision, requirements for treatment of large patient groups with pumps in a modern diabetes center, requirements for the physician, the influence of improved metabolic control on late complications (prevention or regression), the possibility for a portable closed-loop system, and future outlook. The primary author is the founder of an international study group on diabetes treatment with implantable insulin delivery devices. The common goals of this study group will also be presented. Special emphasis will be placed on a differentiated approach to treatment of Type I and Type II diabetes with a family of devices. Clinical work and results from a large patient group will be included throughout.
Optimization of a 100 MHz fiber optic hydrophone for medical ultrasound applications using nanometer scale gold coating. (2010)

This work describes a novel numerical model developed to optimize the design of a broadband, spatial averaging free fiber optic hydrophone probe (FOHP) for characterization of ultrasound fields in the frequency range 1–100 MHz. The design included minimization of the active sensor dimensions, so its cross-section is comparable with the half acoustic wavelength at the highest frequency of interest and improvement of voltage-to-pressure sensitivity of the probe measured in V/Pa. Initial simulations based on the assumption that bulk refractive index of sputtered material could be used indicated that a thin film gold coating (1–35 nm) could indeed enhance the voltage sensitivity of the FOHP by 16–30 dB; however, a follow up analysis revealed that determination of the coating thickness influence on the FOHP performance would require an introduction of the complex (as opposed to bulk) index of refraction of the sputtered film. The input parameters to the model, their selection criteria, and implementation of the coupled acousto-optic interaction of gold layer will be discussed. The measured prototypes produced unprecedented voltage sensitivity between −234 and −245 dB re 1 V per uPa or 2 and 560 mV/MPa, respectively. [The authors wish to acknowledge support of the NIH R01EB007117 grant.]
TERTIARY STRUCTURES, RECEPTOR BINDING, AND ANTIGENICITY OF INSULINLIKE GROWTH FACTORS (1982)

Three-dimensional models for human insulinlike growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) have been constructed by using interactive molecular graphics. It is suggested that the two growth factors have structures in which the A and B chains and the hydrophobic cores are identical to those of insulin. The conformations of the connecting peptides and COOH-terminal extensions are predicted by statistical methods but the structures are limited by the constraints implied by the insulinlike part. The models explain the nonsuppressibility by anti-insulin antibodies of the IGFs and show that part of the insulin receptor-binding region is conserved, which explains the growth factors' ability to bind insulin receptors.
Interaction between Synthetic ATP Analogues and Actomyosin Systems. IV* (1967)

Journal Article Interaction between Synthetic ATP Analogues and Actomyosin Systems. IV Get access YUJI TONOMURA, YUJI TONOMURA †From the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Osaka UniversityToyonaka, Osaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar KIICHI IMAMURA, KIICHI IMAMURA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MORIO IKEHARA, MORIO IKEHARA Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences ††Hokkaido UniversitySapporo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar HITOSHI UNO, HITOSHI UNO Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar FUMIO HARADA FUMIO HARADA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 61, Issue 4, April 1967, Pages 460–472, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a128569 Published: 01 April 1967 Article history Received: 24 September 1966 Published: 01 April 1967
Endocyclic α,β-Unsaturated Ketones. VI.1 Ultraviolet and Infrared Absorption Spectra and Resonance Stabilizations (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEndocyclic α,β-Unsaturated Ketones. VI.1 Ultraviolet and Infrared Absorption Spectra and Resonance StabilizationsRichard D. Campbell and Norman H. CromwellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 13, 3456–3463Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01570a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01570a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views103Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Preliminary Clinical Study of Cyclophosphamide with Reduced Glutathione Asc Uroprotector (1989)

Reduced glutathione (GSH) has been reported to be an effective protector against cyclophosphamide-induced urotoxicity in experimental models, providing protection comparable to that of mesna. This paper describes our preliminary results of the clinical use of GSH in combination with cyclophosphamide. GSH was administered i.v. in two divided doses of 2.5 g, 15 min before and 30 min after escalating doses of cyclophosphamide ranging from 1.2 up to 1.6 g/m2 (1-h infusion). GSH was well tolerated and did not produce unexpected toxicity. The lack of bladder damage, including microscopic hematuria, supports the protective role of this thiol compound.
Enhanced ubiquitinylation of heat shock protein 90 as a potential mechanism for mitotic cell death in cancer cells induced with hypericin. (2003)

A unique property of the photodynamic signal transduction inhibitor hypericin is functionality in the dark. We show in tumor cells that hypericin targets the heat shock protein (Hsp) 90 chaperone but not Hsp70 (Hsc70) to enhanced ubiquitinylation. As a consequence Hsp90 chaperone functionality is abrogated and the client proteins, mutant p53, Cdk4, Raf-1, and Plk, are displaced from complexes with Hsp90, destabilized, and degraded via a proteasome-independent pathway. Decline in Raf-1 prevents downstream activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 kinases, the Ras/Raf pathway is inhibited, and tumor cell proliferation is arrested. The cells exhibit multiple aberrations including retardation at G(2)-M, increased cell volume, and multinucleation, all of which are hallmarks of mitotic cell death. The studies demonstrate that ubiquitinylation of Hsp90 inactivates the chaperone, destabilizes the plethora of client proteins, and creates deficiencies in multiple unrelated cellular functions. This combination constitutes a mechanism by which hypericin generates mitotic cell death in cancer cells.
First description of somatic mosaicism in MYH9 disorders (2005)

MYH9 disorders are characterized by giant platelets, thrombocytopenia, and Dohle body-like cytoplasmic granulocyte inclusion bodies that result from mutations in MYH9, which encodes non-muscle myosin heavy chain-A (NMMHCA). These disorders are known to be transmitted in an autosomal dominant manner, although about 20% of cases are considered to be sporadic. We report here the first case of a MYH9 disorder because of somatic mosaicism. The patient was the father of a male with typical May-Hegglin anomaly. The father had normal platelet counts, however, both normal-sized and giant platelets were observed on his peripheral blood smears. In addition, 14% of neutrophils contained inclusion bodies and the rest showed a normal morphology. Quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that only 6% of DNA from peripheral blood leucocytes harboured the mutation. The mosaicism was demonstrated at a similar rate in different tissues, buccal mucosa cells and hair bulb cells, implying that the mutation had occurred before gastrulation. Mosaicism might account for some de novo mutations in MYH9 disorders.
Analysis of Protein Phosphorylation by Capillary Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Element Mass Spectrometry with 31P Detection and to Electrospray Mass Spectrometry (2000)

A method for phosphopeptide identification by capillary liquid chromatography (muLC) interfaced alternatively to element mass spectrometry (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICPMS) and to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is described. ICPMS is used for 31P detection and ESI-MS provides the corresponding molecular weight information. Alignment of the two separate muLC runs is performed using the baseline distortion at the elution front, which shows up in both muLC-ICPMS and muLC-ESI-MS. Both a quadrupole and a magnetic sector field mass analyzer were used in combination with ICP. The detection limit achieved for the muLC-ICP-HRMS runs is approximately 0.1 pmol of phosphopeptide injected. Without any further precautions, contamination by phosphate-containing compounds at this level was found to be uncritical. The method is demonstrated for the analysis of a complex mixture of synthetic phosphopeptides and a set of tryptic digests of three phosphoproteins. These include beta-casein, activated human MAP kinase ERK1, and protein kinase A catalytic subunit. The tryptic phosphopeptides of these proteins could all be detected and identified by our new strategy. Analysis of three fractions of protein kinase A catalytic subunit with different phosphorylation status gives direct access to the order in which the phosphorylation of the four phosphorylation sites occurs. The two most important aspects of using muLC-ICPMS with 31P detection for phosphopeptide identification are (i) that a high selectivity is achieved and (ii) that the signal intensity is independent of the chemical form of phosphorus and directly proportional to the molar amount of 31P in the muLC eluate. Thus, muLC-ICPMS with 31P detection is introduced as a new, robust, and specific method in phosphoproteomics.
Human Cytotoxic T Cells Specific for Autologous Melanoma Cells: Successful Generation From Lymph Node Cells in Seven Consecutive Cases (1988)

Human T-cell populations specifically cytotoxic for autologous melanoma cells have been successfully generated from lymph node cells obtained from seven consecutive patients. The lymph node cells were stimulated in vitro with autologous irradiated melanoma cells; stimulation was repeated every 10-15 days at a tumor cell-to-lymphocyte ratio of approximately 1:20. Cytotoxic activity was assessed by a 4-hour 51Cr release assay. Mean lysis of autologous tumor cells was 47% at an effector-to-target cell ratio of 20:1, while mean lyses of the human myeloid leukemia cell line K562, allogeneic melanoma cells, and an osteosarcoma cell were 20%, 13%, and 11%, respectively. There was no lysis of autologous fibroblasts, fresh lymphocytes, or phytohemagglutinin-stimulated blasts. Three grades of specificity developed sequentially. In grade I, lysis of autologous tumor cells exceeded lysis of allogeneic tumor cells but did not exceed lysis of K562 cells. In grade II, lysis of autologous tumor cells exceeded lysis of K562 cells and all allogeneic tumor cells tested. In grade III, potent lysis of autologous tumor cells (greater than 40%) exceeded lysis of K562 cells and of all allogeneic tumor cells tested. All seven lymphocyte populations reached or exceeded grade I. Six reached or exceeded grade II. Two progressed to grade III. The generated cells were T cells, as determined by phenotypic analysis with flow cytometry. CD4+ cells and CD8+ cells accounted for 83%-100% of the cells. CD8+ T cells were separated from CD4+ T cells by panning with OKT8 and OKT4 antibodies. The resulting CD8-enriched and CD4-enriched populations were compared as effectors in cytotoxicity assays. The results suggest that the cell responsible for lysis of autologous tumor cells is CD8+. The methods used in this study have repeatedly resulted in the successful generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes specifically cytotoxic for autologous melanoma cells; it is suggested that these cells have potential application for adoptive immunotherapy of melanoma.
Short-range wireless technologies with mobile payments systems (2004)

Mobile devices and wireless technologies seem destined to make a large and continuing impact on our lives. Mobile devices especially have been widely used in the last few years, and recent developments in wireless technologies have provided some new solutions to problems of connectivity. Wireless technologies provide a new channel for implementation of mobile payments systems. The potential of short-range wireless technologies in commercial markets is enormous. Mobile payments is one such exciting application presently in development. Mobile payments systems offer great potential for both mobile and non-mobile products and services. However, in this early stage, mobile payments systems are facing some challenges. There are several available technologies for the applications and the mobile payments world is still waiting for standardization.This paper examines several available short-range wireless technologies for mobile payments systems. The ways in which short-range wireless technologies support mobile payments systems are explored. This paper also evaluates the advantages and issues involved with using these technologies. Finally, this paper will discuss the future developments of mobile payments with wireless technologies and the challenges faced by the mobile payments industry.
Suicide attempts, plans, and ideation in culturally diverse sites: the WHO SUPRE-MISS community survey (2005)

The idea of the suicidal process as a continuous and smooth evolution from thoughts to plans and attempts of suicide needs to be further investigated as it seems to be dependent on the cultural setting. There are indications, that the burden of undetected attempted suicide is high in different cultures; an improved response from the health sector on how to identify and support these individuals is needed.