gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simple 3D localization of tag-free moving targets by UWB radar (2014)

In this paper we are focused on localization and tracking of uncooperative human beings moving in a height-diverse environment. The aim is not to visualize the target shape or its contours as it is in the case of target imaging, but to estimate person positions in 3-dimesional (3D) space. For that purpose we will introduce a simple 3D localization approach developed for ultra wideband (UWB) radar equipped with 1 transmitting and 4 receiving antennas. The proposed method is based on the approximation of 3D localization problem by two 2D localization problems. The decreasing of a computational complexity as well as opportunity to use existing procedures and methodologies developed for 2D target localization belong to its main benefits. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by signal processing results obtained by the experimental measurement intent on localization and tracking a person walking along a staircase in the shape of “L” bordered by a metal rail.
Thermal redistribution reactions of Blackglas™ ceramic (2001)

Abstract Silicon oxycarbides undergo SiO and SiC bond redistribution when heated in an inert atmosphere above 900°C. This redistribution has a great influence on the mechanical, thermal, and oxidative stability properties of Blackglas™ ceramic. Based on a statistical method, three independent thermal redistribution reactions were chosen to describe the redistribution reactions between 900 and 1350°C. Over this temperature range, only SiO and SiC bond redistribution is involved, and the char yield is constant. The equilibrium constants of each independent reaction and their temperature dependence are calculated directly by using 29 Si‐NMR experimental data for temperatures of 900, 1000, and 1100°C and fitted to a cubic polynomial. A redistribution reaction model (RRM) is proposed to describe how the microcompositions of silicon oxycarbide change with respect to temperature. The model is based on 29 Si‐NMR data from 900 to 1100°C. It enables one to extrapolate results to 1400°C and indicates that the silicon oxycarbide can survive above 1400°C and that the microcomposition is very sensitive to the ratio O/Si in the polymer precursor. This prediction is in a good agreement with the experimental results observed by Belot et al., Corriu et al., Bois et al., and F. Babonneau et al. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 143–152, 2001
Unified login with pluggable authentication modules (PAM) (1996)

Since authentication mechanisms constantly evolve, it is important to shield the system-entry services and users from such changes.With the Pluggable Authentication Module (PAM) framework, we can provide pluggability for a variety of systementry services -not just system authentication per se, but also for account, session and password management. PAM's ability to stack authentication modules can be used to integrate login with different authentication mechanisms such as RSA, DCE, and Kerberos, and thus unify login mechanisms. The PAM framework can also provide easy integration of smart cards into the system.
Heart rate variability biofeedback: how and why does it work? (2014)

In recent years there has been substantial support for heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) as a treatment for a variety of disorders and for performance enhancement (Gevirtz, 2013). Since conditions as widely varied as asthma and depression seem to respond to this form of cardiorespiratory feedback training, the issue of possible mechanisms becomes more salient. The most supported possible mechanism is the strengthening of homeostasis in the baroreceptor (Vaschillo et al., 2002; Lehrer et al., 2003). Recently, the effect on the vagal afferent pathway to the frontal cortical areas has been proposed. In this article, we review these and other possible mechanisms that might explain the positive effects of HRVB.
Fokker-Planck Equation for an Inverse-Square Force (1957)

The contribution to the Fokker-Planck equation for the distribution function for gases, due to particle-particle interactions in which the fundamental two-body force obeys an inverse square law, is investigated. The coefficients in the equation, $〈\ensuremath{\Delta}\mathrm{v}〉$ (the average change in velocity in a short time) and $〈\ensuremath{\Delta}\mathrm{v}\ensuremath{\Delta}\mathrm{v}〉$, are obtained in terms of two fundamental integrals which are dependent on the distribution function itself. The transformation of the equation to polar coordinates in a case of axial symmetry is carried out. By expanding the distribution function in Legendre functions of the angle, the equation is cast into the form of an infinite set of one-dimensional coupled nonlinear integro-differential equations. If the distribution function is approximated by a finite series, the resultant Fokker-Planck equations may be treated numerically using a computing machine. Keeping only one or two terms in the series corresponds to the approximations of Chandrasekhar, and Cohen, Spitzer and McRoutly, respectively.
Role of Adenylate Cyclase-Hemolysin in Alveolar Macrophage Apoptosis duringBordetella pertussisInfection In Vivo (1998)

Bordetella pertussis induces in vitro apoptosis of murine alveolar macrophages by a mechanism that is dependent on expression of bacterial adenylate cyclase-hemolysin. Using a murine respiratory model, we found in this study that intranasal infection with a parental B. pertussis strain, but not with an isogenic variant deficient in the expression of all toxins and adhesins, induced a marked neutrophil accumulation in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and an early decrease in macrophage numbers. These phenomena paralleled a time-dependent rise in the proportion of apoptotic nuclei, as detected by flow cytometry, and of macrophages which had engulfed apoptotic bodies. Apoptotic death of bronchopulmonary cells was observed exclusively following intranasal infection with bacteria reisolated from lungs of infected animals and not with B. pertussis collected after in vitro subculture. Using the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling technique coupled to fluorescence microscopy and morphological analysis, we established that the apoptotic cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids were neutrophils and macrophages. Histological analysis of the lung tissues from B. pertussis-infected mice showed increased numbers of apoptotic cells in the alveolar compartments. Cellular accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and apoptosis of alveolar macrophages were significantly attenuated in mice infected with a mutant deficient in the expression of adenylate cyclase-hemolysin, indicating a role of this enzyme in these processes.
Selective αvβ3 integrin blockade potently limits neointimal hyperplasia and lumen stenosis following deep coronary arterial stent injury1: (1997)

Selective alpha v beta 3 blockade is an effective anti-restenosis strategy that potently limits neointimal growth and lumen stenosis following deep arterial injury. The co-ordinate spatial and temporal upregulation of alpha v beta 3 expression following vessel wall injury, and the high affinity and specificity of XJ 735 for alpha v beta 3, confirms the importance of this integrin in adhesive and migratory cell-matrix events underlying coronary restenosis.
CC-1065 and the duocarmycins: unraveling the keys to a new class of naturally derived DNA alkylating agents. (1995)

Key studies defining the DNA alkylation properties and selectivity of a new class of exceptionally potent, naturally occurring antitumor antibiotics including CC-1065, duocarmycin A, and duocarmycin SA are reviewed. Recent studies conducted with synthetic agents containing deep-seated structural changes and the unnatural enantiomers of the natural products and related analogs have defined the structural basis for the sequence-selective alkylation of duplex DNA and fundamental relationships between chemical structure, functional reactivity, and biological properties. The agents undergo a reversible, stereoelectronically controlled adenine-N3 addition to the least substituted carbon of the activated cyclopropane within selected AT-rich sites. The preferential AT-rich non-covalent binding selectivity of the agents within the narrower, deeper AT-rich minor groove and the steric accessibility to the alkylation site that accompanies deep AT-rich minor groove penetration control the sequence-selective DNA alkylation reaction and stabilize the resulting adduct. For the agents that possess sufficient reactivity to alkylate DNA, a direct relationship between chemical or functional stability and biological potency has been defined.
Selective Bond Dissociation and Rearrangement with Optimally Tailored, Strong-Field Laser Pulses (2001)

We used strong-field laser pulses that were tailored with closed-loop optimal control to govern specified chemical dissociation and reactivity channels in a series of organic molecules. Selective cleavage and rearrangement of chemical bonds having dissociation energies up to approximately 100 kilocalories per mole (about 4 electron volts) are reported for polyatomic molecules, including (CH3)2CO (acetone), CH3COCF3 (trifluoroacetone), and C6H5COCH3 (acetophenone). Control over the formation of CH(3)CO from (CH3)2CO, CF3 (or CH3) from CH3COCF3, and C6H5CH3 (toluene) from C6H5COCH3 was observed with high selectivity. Strong-field control appears to have generic applicability for manipulating molecular reactivity because the tailored intense laser fields (about 10(13) watts per square centimeter) can dynamically Stark shift many excited states into resonance, and consequently, the method is not confined by resonant spectral restrictions found in the perturbative (weak-field) regime.
Computer technologies for 3D video delivery for home entertainment (2008)

The paper overviews the state-of-the-art in the area of 3D video content creation, coding, transmission, and display. Computer technologies for 3D video capture, format conversion and compression, as well as network technologies for 3D video delivery are briefly described. Standardization activities in the area are reviewed as well. As of 3D displays, special attention is driven to the most mature technology in that field --- the so-called auto-stereoscopic displays delivering 3D visual sensations to single or multiple users without any special glasses. Conclusions about the open questions before the 3D technology reaches the users homes are drawn.
Celecoxib attenuates cachectic events in mice by modulating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (2014)

Chronic inflammation is one of the main symptoms of cancer cachexia, and cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors, such as celecoxib, may be beneficial in counteracting the major symptoms of this syndrome. In the current study, celecoxib was orally administered to BALB/c male mice with colon 26 adenocarcinoma. Tumor growth, survival rate, body weight and food intake of the mice with cancer cachexia were recorded during the experiments. The host inflammatory response was assessed by morphological observations and hematoxylin-eosin staining. The serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in mice with cancer cachexia were measured by ELISA. Celecoxib administration attenuated the decline in body weight and food intake of mice with cancer cachexia, and improved the survival rate of cachectic mice. Erythrocyte counts and hemoglobin concentration significantly increased in cachectic mice receiving celecoxib compared with control cachectic mice. Notably, celecoxib administration significantly reduced the serum level of VEGF in mice with colon 26 adenocarcinoma, and the cachectic events were also relieved by treatment with a VEGF antibody. The cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor celecoxib produced positive therapeutic effects in mice with cancer cachexia. This function was regulated at least partly by downregulation of serum levels of VEGF.
Compact transformer power combiners for millimeter-wave wireless applications (2010)

Two current-summing transformer combiners for 60GHz-band power amplification in millimeter-wave wireless applications are characterized. The parasitic-compensated balun and fully-differential combiners mitigate imbalances caused by interwinding capacitance, while self-shielded output windings inhibit substrate coupling. Excellent agreement is seen between measurement and electromagnetic simulation. Power loss for both prototypes at 60GHz is <;1.0dB and chip area is <;0.015mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Reflected impedance uniformity between ports at 60GHz for the balun and fully-differential combiners is better than 2.4% and 4.5%, respectively. A lumped-element model for large-signal circuit design with <;5.0% error in power loss and reflected port impedance across the 55-65GHz band is also described.
Feline Infectious Peritonitis (2014)

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is one of the most important fatal infectious diseases of cats, the pathogenesis of which has not yet been fully revealed. The present review focuses on the biology of feline coronavirus (FCoV) infection and the pathogenesis and pathological features of FIP. Recent studies have revealed functions of many viral proteins, differing receptor specificity for type I and type II FCoV, and genomic differences between feline enteric coronaviruses (FECVs) and FIP viruses (FIPVs). FECV and FIP also exhibit functional differences, since FECVs replicate mainly in intestinal epithelium and are shed in feces, and FIPVs replicate efficiently in monocytes and induce systemic disease. Thus, key events in the pathogenesis of FIP are systemic infection with FIPV, effective and sustainable viral replication in monocytes, and activation of infected monocytes. The host's genetics and immune system also play important roles. It is the activation of monocytes and macrophages that directly leads to the pathologic features of FIP, including vasculitis, body cavity effusions, and fibrinous and granulomatous inflammatory lesions. Advances have been made in the clinical diagnosis of FIP, based on the clinical pathologic findings, serologic testing, and detection of virus using molecular (polymerase chain reaction) or antibody-based methods. Nevertheless, the clinical diagnosis remains challenging in particular in the dry form of FIP, which is partly due to the incomplete understanding of infection biology and pathogenesis in FIP. So, while much progress has been made, many aspects of FIP pathogenesis still remain an enigma.
Cross-Protective Peptide Vaccine against Influenza A Viruses Developed in HLA-A*2402 Human Immunity Model (2011)

This CTL epitope peptide selection system can be used as an effective tool for the development of a cross-protective human influenza vaccine. Furthermore this vaccine strategy can be applicable to the development of all intracellular pathogens vaccines to induce epitope-specific CTL that effectively eliminate infected cells.
Neue Methode zur Synthese von Isocyanaten unter milden Bedingungen (1995)

Nicht die Amin‐ N ‐Boc‐Derivate, sondern die Isocyanate entstehen bei der Reaktion von Alkyl‐ oder Arylaminen mit Di‐ tert ‐butyldicarbonat ((Boc) 2 O) in Gegenwart katalytischer Mengen 4‐Dimethylaminopyridin (DMAP) gemäß Gleichung (a). Das Verfahren ermöglicht eine einfache phosgenfreie Erzeugung sterisch gehinderter Alkyl‐ und Arylisocyanate im Labor. magnified image
Top-Down Proteomics of a Drop of Blood for Diabetes Monitoring (2014)

The most common markers for monitoring patients with diabetes are glucose and HbA1c, but additional markers such as glycated human serum albumin (HSA) have been identified that could address the glycation gap and bridge the time scales of glycemia between transient and 2-3 months. However, there is currently no technical platform that could measure these markers concurrently in a cost-effective manner. We have developed a new assay that is able to measure glucose, HbA1c, glycated HSA, and glycated apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) for monitoring of individual blood glycemia, as well as cysteinylated HSA, S-nitrosylated HbA, and methionine-oxidized apoA-I for gauging oxidative stress and cardiovascular risks, all in 5 μL of blood. The assay utilizes our proprietary multinozzle emitter array chip technology to enable the analysis of small volumes of blood, without complex sample preparation prior to the online and on-chip liquid chromatography-nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Importantly, the assay employs top-down proteomics for more accurate quantitation of protein levels and for identification of post-translational modifications. Further, the assay provides multimarker, multitime-scale, and multicompartment monitoring of blood glycemia. Our assay readily segregates healthy controls from Type 2 diabetes patients and may have the potential to enable better long-term monitoring and disease management of diabetes.
POSITIVE EFFECT OF PROPHYLACTIC TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION ON LONG-TERM OUTCOME OF BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION1 (1987)

In a randomized trial we studied the impact of providing total parenteral nutrition (TPN) to bone marrow transplant (BMT) patients during their cytoreductive therapy, and for 4 weeks following BMT, on 8 parameters of outcome. A total of 137 patients over 1 year of age and with normal nutritional status were randomized either to receive TPN starting one week prior to transplant or to receive hydration with a 5% dextrose solution containing electrolytes, minerals, trace elements, and vitamins. TPN was ultimately required by 40 of the 66 control patients when nutritional depletion was documented. Average total calorie and protein intake was significantly higher for the TPN group than for the control group. Minimum follow-up was 1 year and median was 2 years. Overall survival, time to relapse, and disease-free survival were significantly improved in the TPN group. Engraftment, duration of hospitalization, and incidences of acute and chronic graft-vs.-host disease and bacteremia were not different. Thus TPN during BMT had a positive effect on long-term outcome. Prophylactic nutritional therapy appears to be indicated even for well-nourished individuals during cytoreduction and BMT.
Thrombolysis with Alteplase 3 to 4.5 Hours after Acute Ischemic Stroke (2008)

As compared with placebo, intravenous alteplase administered between 3 and 4.5 hours after the onset of symptoms significantly improved clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke; alteplase was more frequently associated with symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00153036.)
Comparison of strategies for the construction of libraries of artificial antibodies (1997)

Construction of libraries of artificial antibodies has been reported by several groups of investigators. Various forms of antibody fused to surface protein, cpII, are expressed on the surface of filamentous phage. Since phages that encode desired antibodies can be easily grown in Escherichia coli after selection with target antigens, the phage-display antibody system appears to be very useful for various biological purposes. In this brief review, recent progress in research into the production of artificial antibodies is summarized and the strategies used for the construction of libraries of artificial antibodies are compared.
Structural Changes in the Brain in Depression and Relationship to Symptom Recurrence (2002)

Depression is an important public health problem affecting about 15% of the general population; however, little is known about possible changes in the brain that might underlie the disorder. Neuroimaging has been a powerful tool to map actual changes in the brain structure of depressed patients that might be directly related to their symptoms of depression. Some imaging studies of brain structure have shown smaller hippocampal volume with the chronicity of depression correlating to a reduction in volume. Although the meaning of these findings is unclear, other studies have shown increased amygdala volume. Studies have found reductions in volume of the frontal cortex, with some studies showing specific reductions in subregions of the frontal cortex, including the orbitofrontal cortex. Findings of an increase in white matter lesions in elderly patients with depression have been replicated and correlated with late-onset depression, as well as impairments in social and cognitive function. These findings point to alterations in a circuit of brain regions hypothesized to include the frontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, striatum, and thalamus, that underlie symptoms of depression.
Techniques in Therapeutic Endoscopy. (1987)

Presents therapeutic applications of the endoscope for gastrointestinal disorders. The authors are among the world's leading practioners of the techniques described, from laser treatment to polypectomy to sphincterotomy. Clear, full-color schematics and endoscopic views take the reader step-by-step through gastrointestinal bleeding, esophageal variceal sclerotherapy, esophageal and other GI cancers, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, and more.
Isoenzyme (lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity changes in blood plasma likely indicative of organ involvement due to arterial hypertension. (1991)

The plasma activities of LDH and ASAT isoenzymes as well as of DP IV were studied in patients with essential hypertension and related to blood pressure, haemodynamic indicators of latent heart failure and to ischaemic heart risk indicators. Patients with elevated systolic or diastolic blood pressure showed significantly increased activities of ASAT m. In hypertensives with elevated pulmonary artery pressure markedly increased activities of ASAT, ASAT m, LDH M and DP IV could be observed. Distinctly increased activities of ASAT, ASAT m, LDH M and DP IV were also found in patients with elevated plasma cholesterol. The results obtained suggest that changes of LDH and ASAT isoenzymes as well as of DP IV indirectly reflecting alterations in organ metabolism might provide useful additional information with respect to uncovering hypertension-linked complications.