gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Facing Reality Together Discussion: With Culture in Mind: The Social Third (2011)

Like the papers it speaks to, Jessica Benjamin's deft discussion works at once on 3 different levels: the clinical moment where mind and society meet, the critique of social and psychoanalytic theory, and the assessment of social forces. It aims to “highlight what is gained or lost or made more troublesome by admitting the intensity of interpellation, which our psychoanalyst authors allow themselves to experience.” Following the “thread of mourning” marking each essay, Benjamin weaves the essayists’ diverse voices to lay out a series of queries about clinical work, mind, and culture. Unfolding in a matrix of psychoanalytic concepts, social thought, and feminist theory, this discussion agrees with some of the ideas found herein and demurs about others, thereby complicating the already intricate stories these authors tell.
Measurement and purification of human chromosomes by flow cytometry and sorting. (1979)

The 24 human chromosome types of normal diploid fibroblast cell strain were classified into 15 groups by high-resolution flow cytometry on the basis of 33258 Hoechst fluorescence. Chromosomes associated with each group were flow sorted onto microscope slides and identified by quinacrine banding analysis. DNA cytophotometry of metaphase chromosomes from the same cell strain supported and extended this identification. Four of the groups purified were due to chromosomes of a single type--namely, chromosomes 5, 6, 13, and 17. Eight additional groups were also separated and found to contain the following chromosomes: 1 and 2; 3 and 4; 7, 8, and X; 9--12; 14 and 15; 16 and 18; 20 and Y; and 19, 21, and 22. The average purity for the 12 sorted fractions was 78%.
Stepping stones in DNA sequencing (2012)

In recent years there have been tremendous advances in our ability to rapidly and cost-effectively sequence DNA. This has revolutionized the fields of genetics and biology, leading to a deeper understanding of the molecular events in life processes. The rapid technological advances have enormously expanded sequencing opportunities and applications, but also imposed strains and challenges on steps prior to sequencing and in the downstream process of handling and analysis of these massive amounts of sequence data. Traditionally, sequencing has been limited to small DNA fragments of approximately one thousand bases (derived from the organism's genome) due to issues in maintaining a high sequence quality and accuracy for longer read lengths. Although many technological breakthroughs have been made, currently the commercially available massively parallel sequencing methods have not been able to resolve this issue. However, recent announcements in nanopore sequencing hold the promise of removing this read-length limitation, enabling sequencing of larger intact DNA fragments. The ability to sequence longer intact DNA with high accuracy is a major stepping stone towards greatly simplifying the downstream analysis and increasing the power of sequencing compared to today. This review covers some of the technical advances in sequencing that have opened up new frontiers in genomics.
Drug-excipient interaction and its importance in dosage form development (2011)

Excipients are included in dosage forms to aid manufacture, administration or absorption. Although considered pharmacologically inert, excipients can initiate, propagate or participate in chemical or physical interactions with drug compounds, which may compromise the effectiveness of a medication. Exicipients are not exquisitely pure. Even for the most commonly used excipients, it is necessary to understand the context of their manufacture in order to identify potential active pharmaceutical ingredients interactions with trace components. Chemical interactions can lead to degradation of the active ingredient, thereby reducing the amount available for therapeutic effect. Physical interactions can affect rate of dissolution, uniformity of dose or ease of administration.
Transmandibular K-Wire in the Management of Airway Obstruction in Pierre Robin Sequence (2004)

The Pierre Robin sequence was first described by Pierre Robin in 1923 as a triad of micrognathia, U-shaped cleft palate, and glossoptosis. Although the problems associated with Pierre Robin sequence may be numerous, the most acute problem in affected newborns is upper airway obstruction. The causes of upper airway obstruction are heterogeneous, and treatment is controversial and may include a long stay in an intensive care setting. Most patients could be treated conservatively with prone/lateral positioning and close clinical observation. A more aggressive approach is to hold the tongue forward surgically by a lip-tongue adhesion (glossopexy) technique, and if all else fails, it might be necessary to perform a tracheostomy. The purpose of this article is to report an unconventional technique for the management of airway obstruction in Pierre Robin sequence. A transmandibular K-wire was used in two patients with Pierre Robin sequence to prevent airway obstruction. The author was not the surgeon who placed the K-wire, and in one of the patients, the K-wire was retained for 4 years before being removed by the author. Both patients had surgical intervention to manage the airway problem in the form of lip-tongue adhesion in addition to the transmandibular K-wire. In conclusion, the value of using a transmandibular K-wire in the two cases presented here could not be determined and was questionable.
CD8+CD122+ regulatory T cells recognize activated T cells via conventional MHC class I–αβTCR interaction and become IL-10-producing active regulatory cells (2008)

CD8(+)CD122(+) regulatory T cells (CD8(+)CD122(+) Treg) are naturally occurring Treg that effectively suppress the proliferation and IFN-gamma production of both CD8(+) and CD4(+) target cells. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms of the recognition of target cells by CD8(+)CD122(+) Treg using an in vitro culture system that reconstitutes the regulatory action of these cells. Naive CD8(+)CD122(+) Treg co-cultured with pre-activated T cells became active Treg that produced IL-10 and suppressed IFN-gamma production from the target T cells. CD8(+)CD122(+) Treg effectively suppressed the IFN-gamma production of the target cells of syngeneic mouse strains but not of allogeneic mouse strains with incompatible MHC. By using MHC-congeneic mouse strains, MHC-restricted suppression by CD8(+)CD122(+) Treg was further confirmed. The blockade of cell surface molecules either on the Treg or on the target cells by specific blocking antibodies indicated that H-2K, H-2D, alphabetaTCR and CD8 were involved in the regulatory action but I-A and Qa-1 were not. These results indicate that CD8(+)CD122(+) Treg recognize already-activated T cells via the interaction of conventional MHC class I-alphabetaTCR and become active regulatory cells that produce IL-10 and suppress the target cells.
A highly conserved lysine residue on the head domain of type II keratins is essential for the attachment of keratin intermediate filaments to the cornified cell envelope through isopeptide crosslinking by transglutaminases (1998)

We have addressed the question of how keratin intermediate filaments are associated with the cell envelope at the periphery of cornified epidermal cells. Many peptides from human epidermal cell envelopes containing isopeptide crosslinks inserted by transglutaminases in vivo have been characterized. A major subset involves the type II keratin chains keratin 1, 2e, 5, or 6 crosslinked to several protein partners through a lysine residue located in a conserved region of the V1 subdomain of their head domains. This sequence specificity was confirmed in in vitro crosslinking experiments. Previously the causative mutation in a family with diffuse nonepidermolytic palmar-plantar keratoderma was shown to be the loss in one allele of the same lysine residue of the keratin 1 chain. Ultrastructural studies of affected palm epidermis have revealed abnormalities in the organization of keratin filaments subjacent to the cell envelope and in the shape of the cornified cells. Together, these data suggest a mechanism for the coordination of cornified cell structure by permanent covalent attachment of the keratin intermediate filament cytoskeleton to the cell envelope by transglutaminase crosslinking. Furthermore, these studies identify the essential role of a conserved lysine residue on the head domains of type II keratins in the supramolecular organization of keratin filaments in cells.
Visual-Textual Joint Relevance Learning for Tag-Based Social Image Search (2012)

Due to the popularity of social media websites, extensive research efforts have been dedicated to tag-based social image search. Both visual information and tags have been investigated in the research field. However, most existing methods use tags and visual characteristics either separately or sequentially in order to estimate the relevance of images. In this paper, we propose an approach that simultaneously utilizes both visual and textual information to estimate the relevance of user tagged images. The relevance estimation is determined with a hypergraph learning approach. In this method, a social image hypergraph is constructed, where vertices represent images and hyperedges represent visual or textual terms. Learning is achieved with use of a set of pseudo-positive images, where the weights of hyperedges are updated throughout the learning process. In this way, the impact of different tags and visual words can be automatically modulated. Comparative results of the experiments conducted on a dataset including 370+images are presented, which demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Virologic and Neurohistologic Findings in Dairy Goats Affected with Natural Scrapie (1980)

Virologic and neurohistologic findings in three dairy goats that became affected with scrapie while living with naturally infected Suffolk sheep were essentially like those in affected sheep. Virus, detected by mouse inoculation, was widespread in non-neural sites, particularly in lymphatic tissues and intestine. Im most sites, titers of virus ranged from 3.0 to 3.5 log10 mouse intracerebral LD50/30 mg of tissue. Virus was in nervous tissue in much higher titer. Ranging from 5.1 to 5.8 log10, the highest mean titers were in the diencephalon, midbrain, medulla oblongata and cerebellar cortex--sites of the most severe histologic changes. Although these changes were like those in naturally affected Suffolk sheep, they differed somewhat from those in goats affected with the experimental disease. Spongiform alteration of neuropil was minimal, and the more rostral parts of the brain, such as corpus striatum, globus pallidus and septal area, had few changes. Concentrations and distribution of virus in non-neural tissues were consistent with the conclusion that scrapie virus no doubt can be maintained by contagion in a herd of goats living apart from infected sheep.
CD28 of T lymphocytes associates with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (1994)

T lymphocyte activation requires recognition of antigen by the antigen specific TCR as well as second co-stimulatory signals. This recognition event results in the activation of non-TCR linked protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs). The mechanism of co-stimulation of T cells is unknown except for the involvement of PTKs. The T cell surface molecule CD28 is effective in delivering co-stimulatory signals and prevents T cell anergy by inducing T cell proliferation in TCR stimulated T cells, primarily due to an increase in IL-2 production. The mechanism by which CD28 mediates this effect is currently unknown. Some conventional receptor molecules possess intrinsic tyrosine kinase and as a consequence of cross-linking or ligand binding, phosphorylate numerous tyrosines within their cytoplasmic tail, leading these tyrosines to become 'activated' and bind cytoplasmic effector molecules possessing Src homology 2 domains which specifically recognize phosphorylated tyrosines. One such cytoplasmic effector molecule is the phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate kinase (PI3 kinase) which recognizes the motif phosphotyrosine-methione/valine-X-methionine (X being any amino acid) within the cytoplasmic tails of numerous receptor tyrosine kinases. As CD28 contains a copy of the PI3 kinase binding motif within its cytoplasmic tail, we investigated CD28 signaling and PI3 kinase activation. Here we demonstrate using the Jurkat cell line that CD28 becomes tyrosine phosphorylated following CD28 cross-linking and associates with PI3 kinase. Furthermore, a synthetic peptide representing the YM/VXM motif within the cytoplasmic tail of CD28 also interacts with PI3 kinase only when the tyrosine is phosphorylated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Long-Lived Oxidants Generated by Human Neutrophils: Characterization and Bioactivity (1983)

Human neutrophils were found to generate an unusual class of oxidants with a half-life of approximately 18 hours and with characteristics similar to, if not identical with, those of N-chloroamines. These neutrophil-derived N-chloroamines have sufficient oxidizing potential to attack sulfhydryl- or thioether-containing compounds and can react with both a methionine-containing chemotactic peptide and a plasma protease inhibitor. As judged by their stability and selective reactivity, the N-chloroamines generated by stimulated neutrophils may play an important role in the local and systemic regulation of inflammatory events in vivo.
The chemistry of an electron-deficient 5-deazaflavin. 8-Cyano-10-methyl-5-deazaisoalloxazine (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe chemistry of an electron-deficient 5-deazaflavin. 8-Cyano-10-methyl-5-deazaisoalloxazineRebecca L. Chan and Thomas C. BruiceCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 20, 6721–6730Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1977https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00462a041RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views340Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Mechanism of the Anti-inflammatory Effect of Curcumin: PPAR-γActivation (2007)

Curcumin, the phytochemical component in turmeric, is used as a dietary spice and a topical ointment for the treatment of inflammation in India for centuries. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is relatively insoluble in water, but dissolves in acetone, dimethylsulphoxide, and ethanol. Commercial grade curcumin contains 10-20% curcuminoids, desmethoxycurcumin, and bisdesmethoxycurcumin and they are as effective as pure curcumin. Based on a number of clinical studies in carcinogenesis, a daily oral dose of 3.6 g curcumin has been efficacious for colorectal cancer and advocates its advancement into Phase II clinical studies. In addition to the anticancer effects, curcumin has been effective against a variety of disease conditions in both in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies. The present review highlights the importance of curcumin as an anti-inflammatory agent and suggests that the beneficial effect of curcumin is mediated by the upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) activation.
Antisense Intergenic Transcription Precedes Igh D-to-J Recombination and Is Controlled by the Intronic Enhancer E μ (2007)

V(D)J recombination is believed to be regulated by alterations in chromatin accessibility to the recombinase machinery, but the mechanisms responsible remain unclear. We previously proposed that antisense intergenic transcription, activated throughout the mouse Igh VH region in pro-B cells, remodels chromatin for VH-to-DJH recombination. Using RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization, we now show that antisense intergenic transcription occurs throughout the Igh DHJH region before D-to-J recombination, indicating that this is a widespread process in V(D)J recombination. Transcription initiates near the Igh intronic enhancer Emu and is abrogated in mice lacking this enhancer, indicating that Emu regulates DH antisense transcription. Emu was recently demonstrated to regulate DH-to-JH recombination of the Igh locus. Together, these data suggest that Emu controls DH-to-JH recombination by activating this form of germ line Igh transcription, thus providing a long-range, processive mechanism by which Emu can regulate chromatin accessibility throughout the DH region. In contrast, Emu deletion has no effect on VH antisense intergenic transcription, which is rarely associated with DH antisense transcription, suggesting differential regulation and separate roles for these processes at sequential stages of V(D)J recombination. These results support a directive role for antisense intergenic transcription in enabling access to the recombination machinery.
MicroRNA Expression Is Down-Regulated and Reorganized in Prefrontal Cortex of Depressed Suicide Subjects (2012)

The findings show widespread changes in miRNA expression that are likely to participate in pathogenesis of major depression and/or suicide. Further studies are needed to identify whether the miRNA changes lead to altered expression of prefrontal cortex mRNAs, either directly (by acting as miRNA targets) or indirectly (e.g., by affecting transcription factors).
Methane concentration and isotopic composition measurements with a mid-infrared quantum-cascade laser (1999)

A quantum-cascade laser operating at a wavelength of 8.1 micrometers was used for high-sensitivity absorption spectroscopy of methane (CH4). The laser frequency was continuously scanned with current over more than 3 cm-1, and absorption spectra of the CH4 nu 4 P branch were recorded. The measured laser linewidth was 50 MHz. A CH4 concentration of 15.6 parts in 10(6) ( ppm) in 50 Torr of air was measured in a 43-cm path length with +/- 0.5-ppm accuracy when the signal was averaged over 400 scans. The minimum detectable absorption in such direct absorption measurements is estimated to be 1.1 x 10(-4). The content of 13CH4 and CH3D species in a CH4 sample was determined.
Adiponectin Stimulates Production of Nitric Oxide in Vascular Endothelial Cells (2003)

Adiponectin is secreted by adipose cells and mimics many metabolic actions of insulin. However, mechanisms by which adiponectin acts are poorly understood. The vascular action of insulin to stimulate endothelial production of nitric oxide (NO), leading to vasodilation and increased blood flow is an important component of insulin-stimulated whole body glucose utilization. Therefore, we hypothesized that adiponectin may also stimulate production of NO in endothelium. Bovine aortic endothelial cells in primary culture loaded with the NO-specific fluorescent dye 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate (DAF-2 DA) were treated with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) (a calcium-releasing agonist) or adiponectin (10 microg/ml bacterially produced full-length adiponectin). LPA treatment increased production of NO by approximately 4-fold. Interestingly, adiponectin treatment significantly increased production of NO by approximately 3-fold. Preincubation of cells with wortmannin (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor) blocked only adiponectin- but not LPA-mediated production of NO. Using phospho-specific antibodies, we observed that either adiponectin or insulin treatment (but not LPA treatment) caused phosphorylation of both Akt at Ser473 and endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) at Ser1179 that was inhibitable by wortmannin. We next transfected bovine aortic endothelial cells with dominant-inhibitory mutants of Akt (Akt-AAA) or AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) (AMPKK45R). Neither mutant affected production of NO in response to LPA treatment. Importantly, only AMPKK45R, but not Akt-AAA, caused a significant partial inhibition of NO production in response to adiponectin. Moreover, AMPK-K45R inhibited phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser1179 in response to adiponectin but not in response to insulin. We conclude that adiponectin has novel vascular actions to directly stimulate production of NO in endothelial cells using phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent pathways involving phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser1179 by AMPK. Thus, the effects of adiponectin to augment metabolic actions of insulin in vivo may be due, in part, to vasodilator actions of adiponectin.
Aggregation of Human Trophoblast Cells into Three-Dimensional Culture System Enhances Anti-Inflammatory Characteristics through Cytoskeleton Regulation (2018)

Cell dimensionality plays an essential role in governing the spatiotemporal cellular outcomes, including inflammatory cytokine production and its negative regulation associated with regnase-1.
Is Phage Display Technology on Target for Developing Peptide-Based Cancer Drugs? (2004)

New tumor targeting agents are required to advance cancer diagnosis and treatment. Bacteriophage (phage) display technology, a molecular genetic means of combinatorial drug discovery, is an emerging approach to identify and improve peptide molecules as pharmaceuticals. Peptides are thought to have clinically desirable benefits over currently used biomolecules, such as antibodies, because of their rapid blood clearance, increased diffusion and tissue penetration, non-immunogenic nature and ease of synthesis. Using phage display, one can rapidly and simultaneously survey billion-clone peptide libraries, resulting in large numbers of "hits". However, only a few lead compounds resulting from the hits historically reach the drug market. Hence determining which peptide may best translate into a useful drug is of particular importance. Examination of successfully marketed drugs has highlighted key features of a winning agent, including low molecular weight, high affinity, stability, solubility, lipophilicity and conformational rigidity. Although peptide modulators of tumor cell function and cancer targeting agents have been developed, the majority of peptide-based drugs reported thus far are immune and cardiac regulators. In this review, we will highlight how phage display has been employed to isolate peptides that target key steps in cancer progression--from tumor growth to metastasis--and how phage display technology can be harnessed to select a priori peptides with inherent features essential for anti-cancer drug efficacy. In 2003, phage display provided us with several novel peptides not only in clinical trials but approved by the FDA for use as therapeutics in a variety of diseases--suggesting that the future looks bright for phage display in anti-cancer drug development.