gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient context-sensitive pointer analysis for C programs (1995)

This paper proposes an efficient technique for context-sensitive pointer analysis that is applicable to real C programs. For efficiency, we summarize the effects of procedures using partial transfer functions . A partial transfer function (PTF) describes the behavior of a procedure assuming that certain alias relationships hold when it is called. We can reuse a PTF in many calling contexts as long as the aliases among the inputs to the procedure are the same. Our empirical results demonstrate that this technique is successful—a single PTF per procedure is usually sufficient to obtain completely context-sensitive results. Because many C programs use features such as type casts and pointer arithmetic to circumvent the high-level type system, our algorithm is based on a low-level representation of memory locations that safely handles all the features of C. We have implemented our algorithm in the SUIF compiler system and we show that it runs efficiently for a set of C benchmarks.
The Reactions of Lignins with High Temperature Hydrogen Peroxide Part 2. The Oxidation of Kraft Lignin (1999)

Summary A technical pine kraft lignin was subjected to alkaline hydrogen peroxide oxidation in the presence of DTMPA and molecular oxygen at various temperatures. In the presence of DTMPA the lignin was found to undergo increasing levels of oxidation and degradation with increasing temperature. At 110°C over 80% of the kraft lignin was degraded. Analyses of the degraded lignins indicated that both phenolic and nonphenolic lignin moieties were degraded. At 90°C the addition of molecular oxygen resulted in further lignin demethoxylation, but did not decrease the amount of phenolic hydroxyl groups or hydrogen peroxide consumed. In the absence of DTMPA the hydrogen peroxide was rapidly degraded, and accompanied by only minimal lignin oxidation.
Photochemical reactions of (.eta.5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)dicarbonyliron alkyl and silyl complexes: reversible ethylene insertion into an iron-silicon bond and implications for the mechanism of transition-metal-catalyzed hydrosilation of alkenes (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemical reactions of (.eta.5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)dicarbonyliron alkyl and silyl complexes: reversible ethylene insertion into an iron-silicon bond and implications for the mechanism of transition-metal-catalyzed hydrosilation of alkenesClaudia L. Randolph and Mark S. WrightonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 12, 3366–3374Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00272a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00272a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1138Altmetric-Citations148LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
gene and inhibits invasion in human hepatoma cell line HepG2 cells (2010)

Background: PCBP1 (or alpha CP1 or hnRNP E1), a member of the PCBP family, is widely expressed in many human tissues and involved in regulation of transcription, transportation process, and function of RNA molecules. However, the role of PCBP1 in CD44 variants splicing still remains elusive. Results: We found that enforced PCBP1 expression inhibited CD44 variants expression including v3, v5, v6, v8, and v10 in HepG2 cells, and knockdown of endogenous PCBP1 induced these variants splicing. Invasion assay suggested that PCBP1 played a negative role in tumor invasion and re-expression of v6 partly reversed the inhibition effect by PCBP1. A correlation of PCBP1 down-regulation and v6 up-regulation was detected in primary HCC tissues.
Lipostabil The effect of phosphatidylcholine on subcutaneous fat (2003)

Lipostabil, advertised as an injectable product for eliminating fat, has been available for 3 decades in Europe, South America, and South Africa for the treatment of numerous medical conditions. The author outlines what is known about the aesthetic applications of Lipostabil and explores the important questions that remain unanswered.
A herpesvirus maturational proteinase, assemblin: identification of its gene, putative active site domain, and cleavage site. (1991)

A herpesvirus proteinase activity has been identified and partially characterized by using the cloned enzyme and substrate genes in transient transfection assays. Evidence is presented that the proteinase gene of cytomegalovirus strain Colburn encodes a 590-amino acid protein whose N-terminal 249 residues contain the proteolytic activity and two domains that are highly conserved in the homologous protein of other herpesviruses. Insertion of a short amino acid sequence between these domains abolished proteinase activity, suggesting that this region constitutes part or all of the enzyme active site. Plasma desorption mass spectrometry was used to identify the C terminus of the mature assembly protein as alanine, enabling the recognition of a consensus proteinase cleavage sequence of V/L-X-A decreases S/V, near the C-terminal end of all herpesvirus assembly protein homologs. Interestingly, the proteinase and its substrate, the assembly protein precursor, are encoded by opposite halves of the same open reading frame.
Distributed Key Generation for the Internet (2009)

Although distributed key generation (DKG) has been studied for some time, it has never been examined outside of the synchronous setting. We present the first realistic DKG architecture for use over the Internet. We propose a practical system model and define an efficient verifiable secret sharing scheme in it. We observe the necessity of Byzantine agreement for asynchronous DKG and analyze the difficulty of using a randomized protocol for it. Using our verifiable secret sharing scheme and a leader-based agreement protocol, we then design a DKG protocol for public-key cryptography. Finally, along with traditional proactive security, we also introduce group modification primitives in our system.
Frequency response characteristics of MIMO GPC† (1992)

This paper is concerned with the frequency response properties of MIMO generalized predictive control. A number of frequency response indicators (characteristic loci, principal gains and Gershgorin bands) are used to evaluate stability and the performance of the closed-loop. This is done via three realistic examples which demonstrate the effect of the predictive controller tuning parameters on the measures of robust stability and performance in the frequency domain. A series of heuristic tuning rules is compiled for methodical tuning of this type of controller in multivariable environments
Factors Affecting the Collagen Binding Capacity of Staphylococcus aureus (1998)

To determine whether the ability of Staphylococcus aureus to bind collagen involves an adhesin other than the collagen adhesin encoded by cna, we examined the collagen binding capacity (CBC) of 32 strains of S. aureus. With only two exceptions, a high CBC corresponded with the presence of cna. Both exceptions involved cna-positive strains with a low CBC. The first was a single strain (ACH5) that encoded but did not express cna. The second were the mucoid strains Smith diffuse and M, both of which encoded and expressed cna but bound only minimal amounts of collagen. Analysis of capsule mutants suggests that the reduced CBC observed in the mucoid strains was due to masking of the collagen adhesin on the cell surface and that this masking effect is restricted to heavily encapsulated strains. Differences in the CBC of the remaining cna-positive strains were correlated to variations in the level of cna transcription and were independent of the number of B domain repeats in the cna gene. In all cna-positive strains other than ACH5, cna transcription was temporally regulated, with cna mRNA levels being highest in cells taken from exponentially growing cultures and falling to almost undetectable levels as cultures entered the post-exponential growth phase. The CBC was also highest with cells taken from exponentially growing cultures. Mutation of agr resulted in a slight increase in cna transcription and a corresponding increase in CBC during the exponential growth phase but did not affect the temporal pattern of cna transcription. Mutation of sar resulted in a more dramatic increase in CBC and a delay in the post-exponential-phase repression of cna transcription. Mutation of both sar and agr had an additive effect on both CBC and cna transcription. We conclude that (i) cna encodes the primary collagen-binding adhesin in S. aureus, (ii) sar is the primary regulatory element controlling expression of cna, and (iii) the regulatory effects of sar and agr on cna transcription are independent of the interaction between sar and agr.
Transfer and Stable Transgene Expression of a Mammalian Artificial Chromosome into Bone Marrow‐Derived Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2004)

Mammalian artificial chromosomes (ACEs) transferred to autologous adult stem cells (SCs) provide a novel strategy for the ex vivo gene therapy of a variety of clinical indications. Unlike retroviral vectors, ACEs are stably maintained, autonomous, and nonintegrating. In this report we assessed the delivery efficiency of ACEs and evaluated the subsequent differentiation potential of ACE-transfected bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). For this, an ACE carrying multiple copies of the red fluorescent protein (RFP) reporter gene was transferred under optimized conditions into hMSCs using standard cationic transfection reagents. RFP expression was detectable in 11% of the cells 4-5 days post-transfection. The RFP-expressing hMSCs were enriched by high-speed flow cytometry and maintained their potential to differentiate along adipogenic or osteogenic lineages. Fluorescent in situ hybridization and fluorescent microscopy demonstrated that the ACEs were stably maintained as single chromosomes and expressed the RFP transgenes in both differentiated cultures. These findings demonstrate the potential utility of ACEs for human adult SC ex vivo gene therapy.
Rapid detection of urinary tract pathogens using microcalorimetry: principle, technique and first results (2012)

IMC allows rapid detection of bacteriuria, much faster than conventional culture. Urinary tract pathogen detection after only 3.1 h is realistic. Clearly different heat flow patterns enable accurate pathogen differentiation. Due to expeditious identification of urine samples that contain only low colony counts (i.e. less than 10(3) CFU/mL), IMC may become a valuable screening tool for detecting the presence of significant bacteriuria.
PROGRESS IN THE MITSUNOBU REACTION. A REVIEW (1996)

(1996). PROGRESS IN THE MITSUNOBU REACTION. A REVIEW. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 127-164.
Taxol and taxotere: discovery, chemistry, and structure-activity relationships (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTaxol and taxotere: discovery, chemistry, and structure-activity relationshipsDaniel Guenard, Francoise Gueritte-Voegelein, and Pierre PotierCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1993, 26, 4, 160–167Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00028a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00028a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2817Altmetric-Citations375LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New lipases and proteases (2006)

Enzymatic processing of lipids and oils is becoming an important area of research. Hydrolytic enzymes, such as lipases and proteases are being sought after as the biocatalysts of the future. Synthetic reactions to create new compounds that have novel properties may be achieved through biocatalysis. Some of these compounds can improve or even replace on existing products that were produced by inorganic catalysis or being fractionated from un-renewable resources, such as petroleum. The authors focused on lipases and proteases as the most critical enzymes. Proteases are already widely used in industry and there is always the possibility for new enzymes to be used in existing and new applications. Lipases have an exciting potential for advancing the bioprocessing industry, in particular oleochemicals. Thermostable enzymes are always sought by the industries. Whereas solvent tolerant enzymes are becoming the vogue in view of their ability to function in a low aqueous medium, suitable for synthetic reactions. 
The research in this book involves a broad range of the biotechnology scope. However, the focus of this book is on the search and acquisition, isolation and purification and the characterization of these enzymes. However, derivatised enzymes must also be taken into consideration. The authors' laboratory is involved in the development and application of immobilized and modified enzymes. These designer enzymes may prove to be the new enzymes that would really expand the potential applications of enzymes in industries.
SELENIUM IN HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASE: A REVIEW (2012)

Selenium is an essential trace element for humans and animals, and selenium deficiency is associated withseveral disease conditions such as immune impairment. Free radicals are produced in the body as a resultof many biochemical processes in the body. All aerobic organisms possess antioxidant defense system tocombat oxidative stress. Selenium is an important constituent of antioxidant enzymes, especially,glutathione peroxidase and some other selenoproteins that participate in various physiological activitiesand protects the cell against the deleterious effects of free radicals by modulating the cell response.However, their exact role is still unknown. Moreover, many human diseases are related to the cell cycleregulation. Selenium intakes, greater than the recommended daily allowance (RDA), appear to protectagainst certain types of cancers by finding its role in regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Therole of selenium has been explored in normal thyroid functioning, enhancing immune function,carcinogenesis, cardiovascular diseases, in the prevention of pre-eclampsia, diabetes mellitus and male reproductionetc. This article reviews introductory aspects of selenium as an essential micronutrient, differentsources of selenium, Pharmacokinetics and its role in various pathologies and aims to provide an updateon selenium profile.
Multicellular Computing Using Conjugation for Wiring (2013)

Recent efforts in synthetic biology have focussed on the implementation of logical functions within living cells. One aim is to facilitate both internal "re-programming" and external control of cells, with potential applications in a wide range of domains. However, fundamental limitations on the degree to which single cells may be re-engineered have led to a growth of interest in multicellular systems, in which a "computation" is distributed over a number of different cell types, in a manner analogous to modern computer networks. Within this model, individual cell type perform specific sub-tasks, the results of which are then communicated to other cell types for further processing. The manner in which outputs are communicated is therefore of great significance to the overall success of such a scheme. Previous experiments in distributed cellular computation have used global communication schemes, such as quorum sensing (QS), to implement the "wiring" between cell types. While useful, this method lacks specificity, and limits the amount of information that may be transferred at any one time. We propose an alternative scheme, based on specific cell-cell conjugation. This mechanism allows for the direct transfer of genetic information between bacteria, via circular DNA strands known as plasmids. We design a multi-cellular population that is able to compute, in a distributed fashion, a Boolean XOR function. Through this, we describe a general scheme for distributed logic that works by mixing different strains in a single population; this constitutes an important advantage of our novel approach. Importantly, the amount of genetic information exchanged through conjugation is significantly higher than the amount possible through QS-based communication. We provide full computational modelling and simulation results, using deterministic, stochastic and spatially-explicit methods. These simulations explore the behaviour of one possible conjugation-wired cellular computing system under different conditions, and provide baseline information for future laboratory implementations.
Structure of prothrombin in the closed form reveals new details on the mechanism of activation (2018)

The clotting factor prothrombin exists in equilibrium between closed and open conformations, but the physiological role of these forms remains unclear. As for other allosteric proteins, elucidation of the linkage between molecular transitions and function is facilitated by reagents stabilized in each of the alternative conformations. The open form of prothrombin has been characterized structurally, but little is known about the architecture of the closed form that predominates in solution under physiological conditions. Using X-ray crystallography and single-molecule FRET, we characterize a prothrombin construct locked in the closed conformation through an engineered disulfide bond. The construct: (i) provides structural validation of the intramolecular collapse of kringle-1 onto the protease domain reported recently; (ii) documents the critical role of the linker connecting kringle-1 to kringle-2 in stabilizing the closed form; and (iii) reveals novel mechanisms to shift the equilibrium toward the open conformation. Together with functional studies, our findings define the role of closed and open conformations in the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin and establish a molecular framework for prothrombin activation that rationalizes existing phenotypes associated with prothrombin mutations and points to new strategies for therapeutic intervention.
Analysis of E1A-mediated growth regulation functions: binding of the 300-kilodalton cellular product correlates with E1A enhancer repression function and DNA synthesis-inducing activity (1990)

Adenovirus E1A transforming function requires two distinct regions of the protein. Transforming activity is closely linked with the presence of a region designated conserved domain 2 and the ability of this region to bind the product of the cellular retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene. We have investigated the biological properties of the second transforming region of E1A, which is located near the N terminus. Transformation-defective mutants containing deletions in the N terminus (deletion of residues between amino acids 2 and 36) were deficient in the ability to induce DNA synthesis and repress insulin enhancer-stimulated activity. The function of the N-terminal region correlated closely with binding of the 300-kilodalton E1A-associated protein and not with binding of the retinoblastoma protein. These results indicate that transformation by E1A is mediated by two functionally independent regions of the protein which interact with different specific cellular proteins and suggest that the 300-kilodalton E1A-associated protein plays a major role in E1A-mediated cell growth control mechanisms.
Rapid cycle allele-specific amplification: studies with the cystic fibrosis delta F508 locus (1993)

Rapid cycle DNA amplification is a polymerase chain reaction technique with improved product specificity and cycle times of 20-60 s, allowing complete 30-cycle reactions in 10-30 min. The presence or absence of the delta F508 deletion and wild-type allele was determined in 104 cystic fibrosis patients by rapid cycle DNA amplification. In separate allele-specific assays, sequences on both sides of the delta F508 locus were amplified with the 3' end of a discriminating primer at the delta F508 locus, with either a 3-bp or a 1-bp mismatch. With rapid cycling (35-s cycles), single-base discrimination was achieved over a broad range of annealing temperatures (50 degrees C or lower); with conventional cycling and "hot starts" (160-s cycles), only annealing temperatures of 61-62 degrees C sufficiently discriminated between alleles. With rapid cycling, genotype could still be assessed with annealing temperatures as low as 25 degrees C. We conclude that faster temperature cycling can improve the results of allele-specific amplification.
Neurite outgrowth in peripherin-depleted PC12 cells (1992)

Peripherin is the major neuronal intermediate filament (IF) protein in PC12 cells and both its synthesis and amount increase during nerve growth factor (NGF) promoted neuronal differentiation. To address the question of the biological function of peripherin in neurite initiation we have used an antisense oligonucleotide complementary to the 5' region of peripherin mRNA to specifically inhibit its transcription. The oligonucleotide blocks both the synthesis of peripherin and its increase in response to NGF. Peripherin was found to be a stable protein with a cellular half-life of approximately 7 d. 6 wk of incubation with the oligonucleotide decreases peripherin to 11% of the level in naive control cells and to 3% of that in NGF-treated control cells. Despite the depletion, NGF elicits apparently normal neurite outgrowth from the oligonucleotide-treated cells. As evaluated by EM, there are few IFs in these cells, either in the cell bodies or neurites. There is no compensatory increase in NF-M, NF-L, or vimentin levels as a result of the inhibition of peripherin synthesis. These findings suggest that peripherin is not required for neurite formation, but is necessary for the formation of a cellular IF network which could be involved in process stability. They also demonstrate the utility of antisense oligonucleotides for the study of proteins with long half-lives.