gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using instruction block signatures to counter code injection attacks (2005)

With more computing platforms connected to the Internet each day, computer system security has become a critical issue. One of the major security problems is execution of malicious injected code. In this paper we propose new processor extensions that allow execution of trusted instructions only. The proposed extensions verify instruction block signatures in run-time. Signatures are generated during a trusted installation process, using a multiple input signature register (MISR), and stored in an encrypted form. The coefficients of the MISR and the key used for signature encryption are based on a hidden processor key. Signature verification is done in the background, concurrently with program execution, thus reducing negative impact on performance. The preliminary results indicate that the proposed processor extensions will prevent execution of any unauthorized code at a relatively small increase in system complexity and execution time.
The naloxone test for opiate dependence (1980)

Naloxone tests for opiate dependence were given to 296 applicants for treatment with the surrogate opiate levomethadyl acetate (LAAM, levo-alpha-acetylmethadol) and to 103 applicants for treatment with the opiate antagonist naltrexone. Thirty-five of the 296 LAAM applicants applied first for LAAM, then following detoxification, for naltrexone. There was a dramatic decrease in withdrawal signs and symptoms when the subject went from opiate-dependent to a nondependent state. From our experience, we devised a scoring guide and testing procedure based on objective signs. We propose a 2-step test, with an initial intramuscular dose, then (if necessary) an intravenous dose, to determine an applicant's eligibility for surrogate opiate or narcotic antagonist treatment.
Prognostic Significance of, and Gene and MicroRNA Expression Signatures Associated With, CEBPA Mutations in Cytogenetically Normal Acute Myeloid Leukemia With High-Risk Molecular Features: A Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study (2008)

Pretreatment testing for CEBPA mutations identifies CN-AML patients with different outcomes, particularly in the molecular high-risk group, thus improving molecular risk-based classification of this large cytogenetic subset of AML. The gene and miRNA expression profiling provided insights into leukemogenesis of the CN-AML molecular high-risk group, indicating that CEBPA mutations are associated with partial erythroid differentiation.
Post-cardiac transplant reactivation of Chagas' disease diagnosed by skin biopsy. (1991)

Reactivation of Chagas' disease in immuno-compromised hosts may represent a recognizable clinical syndrome that can be diagnosed by examination of skin biopsy specimens of characteristic lesions resembling ordinary bacterial cellulitis. This syndrome appears to result in significant morbidity, which can be avoided with the institution of prophylactic therapy for Chagas' disease. An awareness of this complication of immunosuppression is of paramount importance for the thousands of asymptomatic persons infected with Chagas' disease currently living in the United States and abroad.
Concurrent expression of erythroid and renal aquaporin CHIP and appearance of water channel activity in perinatal rats. (1993)

Major phenotypic changes occur in red cell membranes during the perinatal period, but the underlying molecular explanations remain poorly defined. Aquaporin CHIP, the major erythroid and renal water channel, was studied in perinatal rats using affinity-purified anti-CHIP IgG for immunoblotting, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence microscopy. CHIP was not detected in prenatal red cells but was first identified in circulating red cells on the third postnatal day. Most circulating red cells were positive for CHIP by the seventh postnatal day, and this proportion rose to nearly 100% by the 14th day. The ontogeny of red cell CHIP correlated directly with acquisition of osmotic water permeability and inversely with Arrhenius activation energy. Only minor alterations in the composition of red cell membrane lipids occurred at this time. Immunohistochemical analysis of perinatal kidneys demonstrated a major induction of CHIP in renal proximal tubules and descending thin limbs at birth, coincident with the development of renal concentration mechanisms. Therefore, water channels are unnecessary for oxygen delivery or survival in the prenatal circulation, however CHIP may confer red cells with the ability to rehydrate rapidly after traversing the renal medulla, which becomes hypertonic after birth.
Heavy-chain variable-region sequence from an inulin-binding myeloma protein (1977)

The entire variable-region sequence of the heavy chain from ABE-47N, a BALB/c inulin-binding myeloma protein, has been determined. This protein is unusual in that the third complementarity region (H3) is extremely short, consisting of at the most three and probably only one amino acid. A comparison of the heavy-chain hypervariable regions from mouse, human, and rabbit proteins shows that the variability in length of H3 is greater than that seen in the first or second hypervariable regions. This variability in H3 length suggests a specialized function for this region.
Dose-Controlled, Floating Evaporative Self-assembly and Alignment of Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes from Organic Solvents (2014)

Arrays of aligned semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) with exceptional electronic-type purity were deposited at high deposition velocity of 5 mm min(-1) by a novel "dose-controlled, floating evaporative self-assembly" process with excellent control over the placement of stripes and quantity of s-SWCNTs deposited. This approach uses the diffusion of organic solvent on the water-air interface to deposit aligned s-SWCNT (99.9%) tubes on a partially submerged hydrophobic substrate, which is withdrawn vertically from the surface of water. By decoupling the s-SWCNT stripe formation from the evaporation of the bulk solution and by iteratively applying the s-SWCNTs in controlled "doses", we show through polarized Raman studies that the s-SWCNTs are aligned within ±14°, are packed at a density of ∼50 s-SWCNTs μm(-1), and constitute primarily a well-ordered monodispersed layer. The resulting field-effect transistor devices show high performance with a mobility of 38 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) and on/off ratio of 2.2 × 10(6) at 9 μm channel length.
Requirement of Human Renal Water Channel Aquaporin-2 for Vasopressin-dependent Concentration of Urine (1994)

Concentration of urine in mammals is regulated by the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin. Binding of vasopressin to its V2 receptor leads to the insertion of water channels in apical membranes of principal cells in collecting ducts. In nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI), the kidney fails to concentrate urine in response to vasopressin. A male patient with an autosomal recessive form of NDI was found to be a compound heterozygote for two mutations in the gene encoding aquaporin-2, a water channel. Functional expression studies in Xenopus oocytes revealed that each mutation resulted in nonfunctional water channel proteins. Thus, aquaporin-2 is essential for vasopressin-dependent concentration of urine.
Advances in Pattern Recognition Systems Using Neural Network Technologies (1994)

A connectionist approach to speech recognition, Y. Bengio signature verification with a Siamese TDNN, J. Bromley et al boosting performance in neural networks, H. Drucker et al an integrated architecture for recognition of totally unconstrained hand-written numerals, A. Gupta et al time warping network - a neural approach to hidden Markov model-based speech recognition, E. Levin et al computing optical flow with a recurrent neural network, H. Li and J. Wang integrated segmentation and recognition through exhaustive scans or learned Saccadic jumps, G. Martin et al experimental comparison of the effect of order in recurrent neural networks, C.B. Miller and C.L. Giles adaptive classification by neural net based prototype populations, K. Peleg and U. Ben Hanan a neural system for the recognition of partially occluded objects in cluttered scenes - a pilot study, L. Wiskott and C. von der Malsburg. (Part contents).
Re-identify people in wide area camera network (2012)

Tracking individuals within a wide area camera network is a tough problem. Obtaining information across uncovered areas is an open issue that person re-identification methods deal with. A novel appearance-based method for person re-identification is proposed. The approach computes a novel discriminative signature by exploiting multiple local features. A novel signature distance measure is given by exploiting a body part division approach. The method has been compared to state-of-the-art methods using a re-identification benchmark dataset. A new dataset acquired from non-overlapping cameras has been built to validate the method against a real wide area camera network scenario. The method has proven to be robust against low resolution images, viewpoint and illumination changes, occlusions and pose variations. Results show that the proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods used for comparison.
Extending Extraterritorial Abduction Beyond Its Limit: United States v. Alvarez-Machain (1994)

As the sun sets over the Getco Publishing Building, a gray haired man puts his coat on in anticipation of the long train ride home to his wife and four children.Suddenly, three men dressed in black carrying sub-machine guns burst into his office and tackle the man to the ground.As they hold a gun to the man's head they inform him that he is under arrest by the Iranian government for publishing books that criticize the Islamic religion.'The three Iranian nationals tie the bewildered man up and beat him with the shafts of their guns.Bloodied and semi-conscious, the man is told he will be brought back to Iran and tried for his "crimes."Sixteen hours later he is smuggled into Iran, taken into custody, tried for his "crimes" and sentenced to death.In response, the United States State Department protests the abduction as a violation of United States sovereignty.However, their protests are of no use.Iran cites United States law to justify the extraterritorial abduction.At 6:00 A.M., one day after his trial, the man is taken to a courtyard and shot by a firing squad.At home his wife and four children can only ask why. 2 t The author would like to dedicate this article to his parents Joseph and Mary Miller, for twenty-five years of constant support and inspiration.1 The Iranian government recently passed a law
Review Human Th1 and Th2 Cells: Functional Properties, Regulation of Development and Role in Autoimmunity (1994)

Evidence has accumulated suggesting the existence in humans of polarized T helper (Th) cell subsets, coded as Th1 and Th2, with defined cytokine secretion profiles. Immune responses to intracellular bacteria and viruses result in the preferential development of the Th1 cell subset. Th1 cells express cytolytic activity against antigen-presenting cells and provide helper function for IgM, IgG and IgA synthesis only at low T/B cell ratios. In contrast, Th2 cells develop in response to allergens or helminth antigens, provide help for all immunoglobulin classes, including IgE, and lack cytolytic potential. The cytokine milieu in the microenvironment plays a fundamental role in determining the functional phenotype of the subsequent antigen-specific Th1 or Th2 responses. In recent years it has become clear that Th1 and Th2 cells play different roles not only in protection against exogenous offending agents, but also immunopathology. Th2 cells are involved in immunopathology induced by helminths and are responsible for the initiation and maintenance of allergic disorders. Th1 cells seem to be involved in contact dermatitis, acute allograft rejection and organ-specific autoimmunity, such as thyroid autoimmune disorders, diabetes mellitus or multiple sclerosis, whereas less polarized patterns of Th cells are detectable in target organs of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Sjogren's syndrome or systemic lupus erythematosus.
The compact genetic algorithm (2002)

This paper introduces the "compact genetic algorithm" (cGA). The cGA represents the population as a probability distribution over the set of solutions, and is operationally equivalent to the order-one behavior of the simple GA with uniform crossover. It processes each gene independently and requires less memory than the simple GA.
A sorting classification of parallel rendering (1994)

We describe a classification scheme that we believe provides a more structured framework for reasoning about parallel rendering. The scheme is based on where the sort from object coordinates to screen coordinates occurs, which we believe is fundamental whenever both geometry processing and rasterization are performed in parallel. This classification scheme supports the analysis of computational and communication costs, and encompasses the bulk of current and proposed highly parallel renderers - both hardware and software. We begin by reviewing the standard feed-forward rendering pipeline, showing how different ways of parallelizing it lead to three classes of rendering algorithms. Next, we consider each of these classes in detail, analyzing their aggregate processing and communication costs, possible variations, and constraints they may impose on rendering applications. Finally, we use these analyses to compare the classes and identify when each is likely to be preferable.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Electronic States on a Twin Boundary of ad-Wave Superconductor (1997)

We show that an induced $s$-wave harmonic in the superconducting gap of an orthorhombic ${d}_{{x}^{2}{\ensuremath{-}y}^{2}}$ superconductor strongly affects the excitation spectrum near a twinning plane. In particular, it yields bound states of zero energy with areal density proportional to the relative weight of the $s$-wave component. An unusual scattering process responsible for the thermal conductivity across the twin boundary at low temperatures is also identified.
Guided Molecular Missiles for Tumor-Targeting Chemotherapy—Case Studies Using the Second-Generation Taxoids as Warheads (2007)

A long-standing problem in cancer chemotherapy is the lack of tumor-specific treatments. Traditional chemotherapy relies on the premise that rapidly proliferating cancer cells are more likely to be killed by a cytotoxic agent. In reality, however, cytotoxic agents have very little or no specificity, which leads to systemic toxicity, causing undesirable severe side effects. Therefore, the development of innovative and efficacious tumor-specific drug delivery protocols or systems is urgently needed. A rapidly growing tumor requires various nutrients and vitamins. Thus, tumor cells overexpress many tumor-specific receptors, which can be used as targets to deliver cytotoxic agents into tumors. This Account presents our research program on the discovery and development of novel and efficient drug delivery systems, possessing tumor-targeting ability and efficacy against various cancer types, especially multidrug-resistant tumors. In general, a tumor-targeting drug delivery system consists of a tumor recognition moiety and a cytotoxic warhead connected directly or through a suitable linker to form a conjugate. The conjugate, which can be regarded as a "guided molecular missile", should be systemically nontoxic, that is, the linker must be stable in blood circulation, but upon internalization into the cancer cell, the conjugate should be readily cleaved to regenerate the active cytotoxic warhead. These novel "guided molecular missiles" are conjugates of the highly potent second-generation taxoid anticancer agents with tumor-targeting molecules through mechanism-based cleavable linkers. These conjugates are specifically delivered to tumors and internalized into tumor cells, and the potent taxoid anticancer agents are released from the linker into the cytoplasm. We have successfully used omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, in particular DHA, and monoclonal antibodies (for EGFR) as tumor-targeting molecules for the conjugates, which exhibited remarkable efficacy against human tumor xenografts in animal models. We have developed self-immolative disulfide linkers wherein the glutathione-triggered cascade drug release takes place to generate the original anticancer agent. The use of disulfide linkers is attractive beacuse it takes into account the fact that the concentration of glutathione is much higher (>1000 times) in tumor cells than in blood plasma. In order to monitor and elucidate the mechanism of tumor-targeting, internalization, and drug release, several fluorescent and fluorogenic probes using biotin as the tumor-targeting module were developed and used. Then, the progressive occurrence of the designed receptor-mediated endocytosis, drug release, and drug binding to the target protein (microtubules) has been successfully observed and confirmed by means of confocal fluorescence microscopy. These "guided molecular missiles" provide bright prospects for the development of highly efficacious new generation drugs for cancer chemotherapy.
Discussion on the Strategic Thinking of Chinese Urban Construction (2002)

This paper presents the definition of both the strategic idea of urban construction and its meaning, and discusses the contents in details, which includes seven aspects. They are management and planning idea, environmental economy idea, comprehensive development idea, overall design idea, city decoration idea, people-based idea, city cultural idea and so on.
New Highly Conductive Inorganic Electrolytes: The Liquid Solvates of the Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Tetrachloroaluminates (1988)

The liquid solvates of the tetrachloroaluminate of lithium, sodium, calcium, strontium, and their mixtures, have been found to be very highly conductive inorganic electrolytes with low vapor pressure. The conductivity is as high as 10−1 Ω−1 cm−1 for some compositions. The addition of the solvate of , , or to has been found to lower the freezing point considerably. The lithium stability at elevated temperatures is best in electrolytes with higher content such as , or solvate electrolyte containing , than electrolyte containing pure .
Identification of novel molecular regulators of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells by RNAi screening (2014)

These data identify novel molecular regulators of TRAIL-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells and suggest strategies for the enhanced application of TRAIL as a therapy for breast cancer.
JMNet: A joint matting network for automatic human matting (2020)

We propose a novel end-to-end deep learning framework, the Joint Matting Network (JMNet), to automatically generate alpha mattes for human images. We utilize the intrinsic structures of the human body as seen in images by introducing a pose estimation module, which can provide both global structural guidance and a local attention focus for the matting task. Our network model includes a pose network, a trimap network, a matting network, and a shared encoder to extract features for the above three networks. We also append a trimap refinement module and utilize gradient loss to provide a sharper alpha matte. Extensive experiments have shown that our method outperforms state-of-theart human matting techniques; the shared encoder leads to better performance and lower memory costs. Our model can process real images downloaded from the Internet for use in composition applications.
Recombinant glycodelin carrying the same type of glycan structures as contraceptive glycodelin‐A can be produced in human kidney 293 cellsbut not in Chinese hamster ovary cells (2000)

We have produced human recombinant glycodelin in human kidney 293 cells and in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Structural analyses by lectin immunoassays and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry showed that recombinant human glycodelin produced in CHO cells contains only typical CHO-type glycans and is devoid of any of the N, N'-diacetyllactosediamine (lacdiNAc)-based chains previously identified in glycodelin-A (GdA). By contrast, human kidney 293 cells produced recombinant glycodelin with the same type of carbohydrate structures as GdA. The presence of a beta1-->4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase functioning in the synthesis of lacdiNAc-based glycans in human kidney 293 cells is concluded to be the cause of the occurrence of lacdiNAc-based glycans on glycodelin produced in these cells. Furthermore, human kidney 293 cells were found to be particularly suited for the production of recombinant glycodelin when they were cultured in high glucose media. Lowering the glucose concentration and the addition of glucosamine resulted in higher relative amounts of oligomannosidic-type glycans and complex glycans with truncated antennae. Human glycodelin is an attractive candidate for the development of a contraceptive agent, and this study gives valuable information for selecting the proper expression system and cell culture conditions for the production of a correctly glycosylated recombinant form.
Inhibition of Growth and Induction of Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cell Lines by an Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Shiitake Mushrooms (2006)

These data suggest that inhibition of growth in tumor cells by "mycochemicals" in shiitake mushrooms may result from induction of apoptosis.
Expression of the Bacillus subtilis ureABC operon is controlled by multiple regulatory factors including CodY, GlnR, TnrA, and Spo0H (1997)

Expression of urease, which is encoded by the ureABC operon, is regulated in response to nitrogen availability in Bacillus subtilis. Three ureABC promoters were identified in primer extension experiments and by examination of beta-galactosidase expression from ure-lacZ fusions. P1, a low-level constitutive promoter, lies immediately upstream of ureA. The P2 promoter is transcribed by the E sigmaH form of RNA polymerase and initiates transcription 270 bp upstream of the ureA start codon. The transcriptional start site for the sigmaA-dependent P3 promoter is located 839 bp upstream of the ureA start codon. To identify transcription factors that control ureABC expression, regulation of the P2 and P3 promoters was examined in wild-type and mutant strains. During rapid growth in minimal medium containing glucose and amino acids, CodY represses expression of the P2 and P3 promoters 30- and 60-fold, respectively. TnrA activates expression of the P3 promoter 10-fold in nitrogen-limited cells, while GlnR represses transcription from the P3 promoter 55-fold during growth on excess nitrogen. Expression of the ureABC operon increases 10-fold at the end of exponential growth in nutrient sporulation medium. This elevation in expression results from the relief of CodY-mediated repression during exponential growth and increased sigmaH-dependent transcription during stationary phase.
A Genetically Encoded Pore for the Stochastic Detection of a Protein Kinase (2006)

Stochastic sensing is an emerging approach for the detection of a wide variety of analytes at the level of individual molecules. Detection is accomplished by observing the modulation of the current that flows through a single protein pore that has been engineered to bind an analyte of interest. Previously, protein analytes have been detected by using pores to which ligands have been appended at specific sites by targeted chemical modification. Here, we report the first genetically encoded stochastic sensor element for detecting a protein. A protein kinase inhibitor peptide sequence was incorporated into the alpha-hemolysin polypeptide, which was used to form a heteroheptameric pore containing a single copy of the inhibitor sequence. With this pore, the successful detection of the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A was demonstrated. This development should greatly facilitate the detection of active kinase subunits by stochastic sensing and the rapid screening of kinase inhibitors by an approach that yields kinetic information.