gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Purification and Detailed Characterization of Perlecan Isolated from the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm Tumor for Use in an Animal Model of Fibrillar A Amyloid Persistence in Brain (1996)

Co-infusion of the specific heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), perlecan, and beta-amyloid protein (A beta) into rodent hippocampus leads to a consistent animal model to study the effects of fibrillar A beta amyloid in brain [Snow, A.D. et al. (1994) Neuron 12, 219-234]. In the present study, we describe our rapid novel method of perlecan isolation. The isolation method does not require cesium chloride centrifugation and exploits a newly discovered aggregating property of a approximately 220 kDa PG observed during gel filtration chromatography, which allowed it to be affectively separated from non-aggregating perlecan. Fifty or 100 g of EHS tumor were routinely extracted using 4 M guanidine-HCl, followed by anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. SDS-PAGE (before and after digestion with heparitinase/heparinase or nitrous acid) followed by staining with silver demonstrated no other contaminating proteins in the perlecan preparations. Western blots using a specific perlecan core protein antibody (HK-102) following heparitinase digestion showed a characteristic doublet at 400 and 360 kDa indicative of intact perlecan core protein. Absence of contamination by other basement membrane components produced by the EHS tumor was confirmed by absence of immunoreactive bands on Western blots using antibodies against laminin, fibronectin, or type IV collagen. One week continuous co-infusion of perlecan obtained from this methodology, with A beta (1-40) into rodent hippocampus, led to deposition of fibrillar A beta amyloid in 100% (10 of 10) of animals. The detailed protocol for isolation and characterization of perlecan from EHS tumor ensures perlecan of the highest quality, and maximizes the potential effects of A beta amyloid deposition/persistence in brain using the animal model. High quality perlecan obtained from this novel isolation method will also allow future studies utilizing in vitro assays to determine the potential interactions of this specific HSPG with other macromolecules.
Hetero-bimetallic Complexes of Titanatranes with Aluminum Alkyls: Synthesis, Structural Analysis, and Their Use in Catalysis for Ethylene Polymerization (2010)

Hetero-bimetallic Ti−Al complexes containing tris(aryloxo)amine ligands of type [TiR′{(μ2-O-2,4-R2C6H2-6-CH2)(O-2,4-R2C6H2-6-CH2)2N}][R′2Al(μ2-OiPr)] [3a,b and 4a; R = Me (3), tBu (4); R′ = Me (a), Et (b)] have been prepared by reacting Ti(OiPr)[(O-2,4-R2C6H2-6-CH2)3N] [R = Me (1), tBu (2)] with 1.0 equiv of AlR′3 in toluene. Crystallographic analyses of 3a,b and 4a reveal that these complexes have a distorted octahedral geometry around Ti and a distorted tetrahedral geometry around Al. Complexes 3a,b and 4a exhibited moderate catalytic activities for ethylene polymerization in toluene in the presence of methylaluminoxane (MAO) at 80−120 °C, and 4a showed higher activity than 3a,b. The tert-butyl analogue (4a) itself polymerizes ethylene without cocatalysts to afford high molecular weight polymer with a uniform distribution, clearly suggesting a hypothesis that cleavage of Ti−O bonds would generate the catalytically active cationic species in this catalysis.
p160ROCK, a Rho‐associated coiled‐coil forming protein kinase, works downstream of Rho and induces focal adhesions (1997)

© 1997 Federation of European Biochemical Societies.
Performance comparison of optically pumped type-II midinfrared lasers (2005)

We report a comparative study on the performance of three optically pumped, type-II quantum well lasers with differing quantum well (QW) confinement. One of the active regions emphasized hole confinement, another emphasized electron confinement, while the third incorporated both electron and hole confinements. In all cases the wells were inserted in a thick InxGa1−xAsySb1−y waveguide/absorber region. The lasing wavelengths at 84K were 2.26, 3.44, and 2.37μm, respectively. The maximum peak output powers and differential quantum efficiencies η at 84K were similar for the hole well and W lasers (≈13W,η≈0.55), but significantly reduced in the electron-well-only laser (2.3W,η=0.14). Waveguide loss measurements via the traditional quantum efficiency versus cavity length method and by a Hakki-Paoli method revealed that all three lasers had low waveguide loss that either increased slowly or not at all with increasing temperature. However, the laser’s internal efficiency, ηi, showed a linear decline with increasing temperature, with the ηi of the electron-well-only laser significantly less than the other two. The data suggest that for antimonide-based type-II designs, strong hole confinement is essential for improved performance. The data further suggest that it is hole leakage from the QW and/or hole dilution that is largely responsible for the degradation in laser performance.
Marine controlled‐source electromagnetic sounding: 2. The PEGASUS experiment (1996)

The marine controlled‐source electromagnetic sounding method developed over the past 15 years at Scripps Institution of Oceanography employs a towed seafloor electric dipole transmitter of moment 4 × 10 4 Am and multiple free‐vehicle seafloor electric field recorders. A survey of 40 Ma normal oceanic lithosphere in the northeast Pacific using frequencies of 0.25 to 24 Hz and synchronous stacking of 0.25‐ to 12‐hour‐duration detected signals at transmitter‐receiver ranges between 5 and 95 km. One‐dimensional electrical conductivity structure is recovered from the data using the Occam process of nonlinear regularized inversion. Repeated inversion of a model terminated with an essentially infinite conductor or resistor demonstrates that the maximum depth of inference for this experiment is about 30 km, well into the upper mantle, with bounds placed on conductivity to depths of 60 km. Structure shallower than about 1 km is comparable to that obtained by a similar experiment on the East Pacific Rise and by borehole logging, with a sharp increase in resistivity at depths of 600–800 m, although strictly our experiment is sensitive only to integrated square root of conductivity, or total attenuation, in the surface layers. The lower crust and upper mantle has a resistivity between 2 and 7 × 10 4 Ω m and a transverse resistance of at least 10 9 Ω m 2 , suggesting at most 0.3% volume fraction of free water in the lower crust and some form of conductivity enhancement over mineral conductivity in the uppermost mantle. Although resolution is weak, below 30 km our data are compatible with a dry olivine model of mantle conductivity‐temperature.
Enhancement of cellular immunity in melanoma patients immunized with a peptide from MART-1/Melan A. (1997)

In vivo administration of a melanoma-associated antigen peptide, emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant, could safely augment CTL reactivity against epitopes commonly expressed by melanoma cells. Although the enhancement of CTL reactivity did not achieve tumor regression, it is possible that the use of recombinant immunogens with increased immunomodulatory capabilities in future clinical trials could reach the threshold of CTL activation necessary for tumor regression.
Animal models of obesity & their usefulness in molecular approach to obesity. (1998)

Obesity, a multifactorial nutrition disorder, is no longer the problem of the affluent West; it has been slowly gaining entry in to developing countries as well. Ever since the first demonstration of an experimental hypothalamic obese rat model, laboratory animals have been in the forefront of basic research concerned with this important metabolic disease. Apart from nongenetic models, an array of genetic murine models of obesity is now available. Over the years the obese loci in these mutants were localised, and most of them have been cloned. Among them leptin and its receptor--the first gene products to be identified, have revolutionised the field, and the possibility of a 'lipostat' mechanism operating in the body is no longer in the realm of imagination. Studies are now on, to identify the murine obese genes in the human population with a view to understand the problem and intervene therapeutically. We have recently developed a new rat model of obesity in our animal facilities, which has several advantages over the existing Western models. It is hoped, that this new model will strengthen and expand our knowledge on obesity--an interesting but complex syndrome.
Rituximab modifies the cisplatin-mitochondrial signaling pathway, resulting in apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. (2002)

These findings show that the selective down-regulation of Bcl-2 by rituximab leading to apoptosis in ARL cells by cisplatin is through the mitochondria-dependent caspase pathway.
Polyamine Effects on Antibiotic Susceptibility in Bacteria (2007)

Biogenic polyamines (e.g., spermidine and spermine) are a group of essential polycationic compounds found in all living cells. The effects of spermine and spermidine on antibiotic susceptibility were examined with gram-negative Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium bacteria and clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and with gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Exogenous spermine exerted a dose-dependent inhibition effect on the growth of E. coli, S. enterica serovar Typhimurium, and S. aureus but not P. aeruginosa, as depicted by MIC and growth curve measurements. While the MICs of polymyxin and ciprofloxacin were in general increased by exogenous spermine and spermidine in P. aeruginosa, this adverse effect was not observed in enteric bacteria and S. aureus. It was found that spermine and spermidine can decrease the MICs of beta-lactam antibiotics in all strains as well as other types of antibiotics in a strain-dependent manner. Significantly, the MICs of oxacillin for MRSA Mu50 and N315 were decreased more than 200-fold in the presence of spermine, and this effect of spermine was retained when assessed in the presence of divalent ions (magnesium or calcium; 3 mM) or sodium chloride (150 mM). The effect of spermine on the sensitization of P. aeruginosa and MRSA to antibiotics was further demonstrated by population analysis and time-killing assays. The results of checkerboard assays with E. coli and S. aureus indicated a strong synergistic effect of spermine in combination with beta-lactams and chloramphenicol. The decreased MICs of beta-lactams implied that the possible blockage of outer membrane porins by exogenous spermine or spermidine did not play a crucial role in most cases. In contrast, only the MIC of imipenem against P. aeruginosa was increased by exogenous spermine and spermidine, and this resistance effect was abolished in a mutant strain devoid of the outer membrane porin OprD. In E. coli, the MICs of carbenicillin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline were decreased in two acrA mutants devoid of a major efflux pump, AcrAB. However, retention of the spermine effect on antibiotic susceptibility in two acrA mutants of E. coli suggested that the AcrAB efflux pump was not the target for a synergistic effect by spermine and antibiotics and ruled out the hypothesis of spermine serving as an efflux pump inhibitor in this organism. In summary, this interesting finding of the effect of spermine on antibiotic susceptibility provides the basis for a new potential approach against drug-resistant pathogens by use of existing beta-lactam antibiotics.
Role of 2,6-Dideoxy-2,6-diaminoglucose in Activation of a Eukaryotic Phospholipase C by Aminoglycoside Antibiotics (1997)

Recent emergence of microbial resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics, and the documented cytotoxicity associated with their use, calls for sustained efforts at understanding the effects of the compounds on eukaryotic cells. Using a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-phospholipase C (GPI-PLC) from the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei, we demonstrate that a eukaryotic PLC can be activated 6-fold by aminoglycosides. Neomycin B protected GPI-PLC from a reduction in activity at pH 6.5, and increased the turnover number (kcat) of the enzyme. In structure-activity studies with the neomycin group, 2-deoxy-streptamine was mildly stimulatory; the concentration required to activate GPI-PLC 2-fold (SC200) was 310 microM. Neamine was 150-fold more active (SC200 = 2 microM) than 2-deoxy-streptamine, indicating that a 2,6-dideoxy-2, 6-diaminoglucose substituent at the 4-position of 2-deoxystreptamine plays an important role in activation of GPI-PLC. Ribostamycin and neomycin B also had SC200's of 2 microM, implying that the ribose group in ribostamycin is not involved in activation of GPI-PLC. These conclusions were affirmed in studies with Bacillus thuringiensis phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. A 2, 6-dideoxy-2,6-diaminoglucose substitution at the 4-OH of 2-deoxystreptamine activates the enzyme 17-fold, while a second 2, 6-dideoxy-2,6-diaminoglucose moiety on the ribose ring of ribostamycin provides an additional 3.5-fold stimulation. Possible implications of these observations for the effects of aminoglycosides on eukaryote cells are discussed.
Myofibroblasts. I. Paracrine cells important in health and disease (1999)

Myofibroblasts are a unique group of smooth-muscle-like fibroblasts that have a similar appearance and function regardless of their tissue of residence. Through the secretion of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, both lipid and gaseous inflammatory mediators, as well as extracellular matrix proteins and proteases, they play an important role in organogenesis and oncogenesis, inflammation, repair, and fibrosis in most organs and tissues. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and stem cell factor are two secreted proteins responsible for differentiating myofibroblasts from embryological stem cells. These and other growth factors cause proliferation of myofibroblasts, and myofibroblast secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules and various cytokines and growth factors causes mobility, proliferation, and differentiation of epithelial or parenchymal cells. Repeated cycles of injury and repair lead to organ or tissue fibrosis through secretion of ECM by the myofibroblasts. Transforming growth factor-beta and the PDGF family of growth factors are the key factors in the fibrotic response. Because of their ubiquitous presence in all tissues, myofibroblasts play important roles in various organ diseases and perhaps in multisystem diseases as well.
<title>Algorithm for dynamic object tracking</title> (1992)

The purpose of this paper is to present a hierarchic processor architecture for the tracking of moving objects. Two goals are envisaged: the definition of a moving window for the target tracking, and multiresolution segmentation needed for scale independent target recognition. Memory windows in single processor systems obtained by software methods are limited in speed for high complexity images. In a multiprocessor system the limitation arises in bus or memory bottleneck. Highly concurrent system architectures have been studied and implemented as crossbar bus systems, multiple buses systems, or hypercube structures. Because of the complexity of these architectures and considering the particularities of image signals we suggest a hierarchic architecture that reduces the number of connections preserving the flexibility and which is well adapted for multiresolution algorithm implementations. The hierarchy is a quadtree. The solution is in using switched bus and block memory partition (granular image memory organization). To organize such an architecture in the first stage, the moving objects are identified in the camera field and the adequate windows are defined. The system is reorganized such as the computing power is concentrated in these windows. Image segmentation and motion prediction are accomplished. Motion parameters are interpreted to adapt the windows and to dynamically reorganize the system. The estimation of the motion parameters is done over low resolution images (top of the pyramid). Multiresolution image representation has been introduced for picture transmission and for scene analysis. The pyramidal implementation was elaborated for the evaluation of the image details at various scales. The multiresolution pyramid is obtained by low pass filtering and subsampling the intermediate result. The technique is applied over a limited range of scale. The multiresolution representations, as a consequence, are close to scale invariance. In the mean time image representation by wavelets allow scale to be implicit, that is why the wavelet transform is well adapted to evaluate the self similarity of the signals. The self similarity is the common point of wavelets and fractal signals. It is assumed that an image (signal) has fractal behavior if at several scales its `features'' show deterministic or statistical self-similarity or self-affinity. Texture analysis can be accomplished by fractal transform: each pixel of the original image is substituted by the value of the fractal dimension in its neighborhood. To evaluate the fractal dimension several techniques have been developed. It is necessary to compute the dimension of the set of points in the neighborhood of interest for a given range of resolutions. The slope of the approximated straight line in log/log plot of these values versus the unit of each scale is in linear dependence to the fractal dimension. It has been proven that fractal dimension can be evaluated from the ratio of the energies of the detail images in a multiresolution pyramid obtained by wavelet transform.
The case for resilient overlay networks (2005)

This paper makes the case for Resilient Overlay Networks (RONs), an application-level routing and packet forwarding service that gives end-hosts and applications the ability to take advantage of network paths that traditional Internet routing cannot make use of, thereby improving their end-to-end reliability and performance. Using RON, nodes participating in a distributed Internet application configure themselves into an overlay network and cooperatively forward packets for each other. Each RON node monitors the quality of the links in the underlying Internet and propagates this information to the other nodes; this enables a RON to detect and react to path failures within several seconds rather than several minutes, and allows it to select application-specific paths based on performance. We argue that RON has the potential to substantially improve the resilience of distributed Internet applications to path outages and sustained overload.
Cigarette Smoke Impairs Clearance of Apoptotic Cells through Oxidant-dependent Activation of RhoA (2009)

These findings advance the hypothesis that impaired efferocytosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of COPD and suggest the therapeutic potential of drugs targeting the RhoA-Rho kinase pathway.
Twelve-Month Efficacy and Safety of 0.5 mg or 2.0 mg Ranibizumab in Patients with Subfoveal Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration (2013)

Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.
Zur Radiojodmarkierung von Tyramindrivaten Einiger Digitalisglykoside und Deren Aglyka. Radioiodination of hydroxyphenyl-ethylamine derivatives of some digitalisglycosides and their aglycones (1978)

A1s potentielle Radiopharmaka zur szintigraphischen Darstellung der Nebennieren sind Tyraminylderivate der Berzglykoside Digitoxin, Digoxin, Gitoxin und deren Aglyka Digitoxigenin, Digoxigenin und Gitoxigenin hergestellt und radioiodiert worden. Die Genine werden durch Oxidation zur jeweiligen Ketostufe dehydriert und regioselektiv mit Tyramin als Aminxomponente und NaBH3CN als Reduktionsmittel zu den Verbindungen 3-Tyraminyl-3-desoxy-digitoxigenin 7, 3-Tyraminyl-3-desoxy-digitoxigen-12-on 8 und 3-Tyraminyl-3-desoxy-gitoxigen-16-on 9 umgesetzt. Die Glykoside werden durch oxidative Aufspaltung der endständigen 3‴-Digitoxose zum 3‴,4‴-Dialdehyd und mit NaBB3CN/Tyramin zu den Monotyraminylderivaten, die unter Ringschluß 4-Oxa-perhydro-azepine bilden, und zu den Dityraminylderivaten reduktiv aminiert: 3‴-Monotyraminyldigitoxin 19, 3‴-Monotyraminyldigoxin 20, 3‴-Monotyraminylgitoxin 21, 3‴,4‴-Dityraminyldigitoxin 22, 3‴,4‴-Dityraminyldigoxin 23, 3‴,4‴-Dityraminylgitoxin 24. Der Einbau von Tyramin macht Glykosid- und Geninderivate einer schnellen Radiojodmarkierung zugänglich. Mit trägerfreiem Na131J (als Na131J in NaOH) konnte eine Aktivität von 250 bzw. 45OmCi jodmarkiertes Produkt / lmg Ausgangsmaterial erreicht werden. Radioiodination of hydroxyphenyl-ethylamine derivatives of some digitalisglycosides and their aglycones As potential adrenal gland imaging agents the tyraminyl-(p-hydroxyphenyl-ethylamine) derivatives of the heart-glycosides digitoxin, digoxin, gitoxin and their aglycones digitoxigenin, digoxigenin and gitoxigenin are synthetized and radioiodinated. The aglycones are dehydrated by oxidation to the corresponding ketone and reacted in a regioselective way with tyramine as aminocomponent and NaBH3CN as reducing agent to the compounds 3-tyraminyl-3-deoxy-digitoxigenin 7, 3-tyraminyl-3-deoxy-digoxigen-12-one 8 and 3-tyraminyl-3-deoxy-gitoxigen-16-one 9. After the oxidative fission of the terminal 3‴-digitoxose to the 3‴,4‴-dialdehyde the glycosides are aminated reductively with NaBH3CN/tyramine to the monotyramine derivatives, forming 4-oxa-perhydroazepine by cyclization, and to the dityramine derivatives: 3‴-monotyraminyldigitoxin 19, 3‴-monotyraminyldigoxin.
Retroviral-mediated gene transfer and expression of human phenylalanine hydroxylase in primary mouse hepatocytes. (1988)

Genetic therapy for phenylketonuria (severe phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency) may require introduction of a normal phenylalanine hydroxylase gene into hepatic cells of patients. We report development of a recombinant retrovirus based on the N2 vector for gene transfer and expression of human phenylalanine hydroxylase cDNA in primary mouse hepatocytes. This construct contains an internal promoter of the human alpha 1-antitrypsin gene driving transcription of the phenylalanine hydroxylase cDNA. Primary mouse hepatocytes were isolated from newborn mice, infected with the recombinant virus, and selected for expression of the neomycin-resistance gene. Hepatocytes transformed with the recombinant virus contained high levels of human phenylalanine hydroxylase mRNA transcripts originating form the retroviral and internal promoters. These results demonstrate that the transcriptional regulatory elements of the alpha 1-antitrypsin gene retain their tissue-specific function in the recombinant provirus and establish a method for efficient transfer and high-level expression of human phenylalanine hydroxylase in primary hepatocytes.
Impaired perfusion after myocardial infarction is due to reperfusion-induced δPKC-mediated myocardial damage (2006)

These data suggest that deltaPKC activation in the microvasculature impairs blood flow in the infarcted tissue after restoring flow in the occluded artery and that AMI patients with no-reflow may therefore benefit from treatment with a deltaPKC inhibitor given in conjunction with removal of the coronary occlusion.
Algorithms for large-scale genotyping microarrays (2003)

The algorithms will be available commercially in the Affymetrix software package.