gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effective Absorption Cross-Sections in Porphyridium cruentum (1984)

Effective absorption cross-sections for O(2) production by Porphyridium cruentum were measured at 546 and 596 nanometers. Although all photosystem II reaction centers are energetically coupled to phycobilisomes, any single phycobilisome acts as antenna for several photosystem II reaction centers. The cross-section measured in state I was 50% larger than that measured in state II.
Ions derived from dianthrylethane species. How the mode of linking affects the intramolecular electron transfer (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIons derived from dianthrylethane species. How the mode of linking affects the intramolecular electron transferBardo Becker, Angelika Bohnen, Marianne Ehrenfreund, Werner Wohlfarth, Yoshiteru Sakata, Walter Huber, and Klaus MuellenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 4, 1121–1127Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00004a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00004a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views296Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Quantitative Confirmation of Simple Theoretical Models for Diffusion-Limited Oxidation (1991)

Theoretical modelling of diffusion-limited oxidation leads to oxidation profile shapes governed by two parameters α and β plus a simple relationship relating these parameters to the oxygen permeability coefficient and the oxygen consumption rate underlying the oxidation conditions. To quantitatively test the predicted profile shapes and the governing theoretical relationship, a commercial EPDM rubber material of two thicknesses was radiation-aged (Co-60) in air. Experimental oxidation profiles were obtained by monitoring the density changes caused by oxidation. The experimental profile shapes and their dependence on sample thickness could be accurately fit with the theory, yielding values for α and β. Comparison of these results with the independently measured oxygen permeability coefficient and the oxygen consumption rate allowed a quantitative confirmation of the theoretical relationship.
Single-Molecule Kinetics and Super-Resolution Microscopy by Fluorescence Imaging of Transient Binding on DNA Origami (2010)

DNA origami is a powerful method for the programmable assembly of nanoscale molecular structures. For applications of these structures as functional biomaterials, the study of reaction kinetics and dynamic processes in real time and with high spatial resolution becomes increasingly important. We present a single-molecule assay for the study of binding and unbinding kinetics on DNA origami. We find that the kinetics of hybridization to single-stranded extensions on DNA origami is similar to isolated substrate-immobilized DNA with a slight position dependence on the origami. On the basis of the knowledge of the kinetics, we exploit reversible specific binding of labeled oligonucleotides to DNA nanostructures for PAINT (points accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography) imaging with <30 nm resolution. The method is demonstrated for flat monomeric DNA structures as well as multimeric, ribbon-like DNA structures.
The density difference between tissue and neural probes is a key factor for glial scarring (2013)

A key to successful chronic neural interfacing is to achieve minimal glial scarring surrounding the implants, as the astrocytes and microglia may functionally insulate the interface. A possible explanation for the development of these reactions is mechanical forces arising between the implants and the brain. Here, we show that the difference between the density of neural probes and that of the tissue, and the resulting inertial forces, are key factors for the development of the glial scar. Two probes of similar size, shape, surface structure and elastic modulus but differing greatly in density were implanted into the rat brain. After six weeks, significantly lower astrocytic and microglial reactions were found surrounding the low-density probes, approaching no reaction at all. This provides a major key to design fully biocompatible neural interfaces and a new platform for in vivo assays of tissue reactions to probes with differing materials, surface structures, and shapes.
Use of Multiple Assay Endpoints to Investigate the Effects of Incubation Time, Dose of Toxin, and Plating Density in Cell-Based Cytotoxicity Assays (2004)

Here we show the results of comparing cell viability, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis assays for measuring the time- and dose-dependent toxic effects of tamoxifen on HepG2 cells. The quantitation of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), 5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4,5- dimethylthiazolyl)-3-(4-sulfophenyl) tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS) tetrazolium reduction, and resazurin reduction methods used to estimate the number of viable cells all showed a similar trend of decreased cell viability after longer periods of tamoxifen exposure to HepG2 cells. The release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as a marker for cells with a compromised membrane and the increase in caspase-3/7 activity as a marker for apoptosis were both shown to increase using the same tamoxifen exposure conditions that caused a decrease in HepG2 cell viability. The longer the duration of exposure of tamoxifen, the lower the concentration required to kill or induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells. In contrast, there was no change in LDH release from HL-60 cells using conditions of vinblastine treatment that caused an increase in caspase activity and a decrease in ATP content, suggesting a difference in the mechanism of cell death between the two model systems. Both the density of parent stock cultures used as a source of cells to prepare assay plates and the density of cells per well in the assay plates were demonstrated to be factors than can influence the apparent potency of a toxin in viability, toxicity, and apoptosis assays. These results illustrate the importance of understanding the kinetics and mechanism of cell death of each in vitro model system as prerequisites for choosing the most appropriate assay method.
Invasion of the CAG Triplet Repeats by a Complementary Peptide Nucleic Acid Inhibits Transcription of the Androgen Receptor and TATA-binding Protein Genes and Correlates with Refolding of an Active Nucleosome Containing a Unique AR Gene Sequence (1996)

The DNA sequence of the genes for the androgen receptor (AR) and TATA-binding protein (TBP), like many other genes encoding transcription factors, contains a series of tandem CAG repeats. Here we explore the capacity of complementary peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) to invade the CAG triplets of the AR and TBP genes in human prostatic cancer cells and show that the PNAs readily entered the nuclei of lysolecithin-permeabilized cells and effectively inhibited sense transcription of unique AR and TBP DNA sequences downstream of the site of PNA.DNA hybridization, but not upstream of that site. These PNAs had little or no effect on transcription of the c-myc gene, which lacks a CAG triplet domain. Conversely, a PNA complementary to a unique sequence of the c-myc gene did not inhibit transcription of the AR or TBP genes but did inhibit c-myc transcription. Comparisons of PNA effects on sense and antisense transcription of the AR, TBP, and c-myc genes confirm that progression of the RNA polymerase complex beyond the site of PNA.DNA hybridization is impaired in both directions. Suppression of the AR gene results in refolding of a transcriptionally active nucleosome containing a unique 17-mer AR DNA sequence.
The Combined Dexamethasone/CRH Test (DEX/CRH Test) and Prediction of Acute Treatment Response in Major Depression (2009)

Taken together, performance of a single DEX/CRH test does not predict the therapeutic response. The best predictor for response seems to be an early attenuation of HPA axis activity within 1 or 2 weeks. However, early improvement of HPA system dysfunction is not a sufficient condition for a favourable response. Since a substantial part of depressive patients display a persistence of HPA axis hyperactivity at discharge, downregulation of HPA system function is not a necessary condition for acute clinical improvement either. Our data underline the importance of HPA axis dysregulation for treatment outcome in major depression, although restoration of HPA system dysfunction seems to be neither a necessary nor a sufficient determinant for acute treatment response.
Esophageal Eosinophilia In Children With Dysphagia (2003)

Children with dysphagia who have esophageal eosinophilia are unlikely to have pathologic gastroesophageal reflux.
Durable responses to imatinib in patients with PDGFRB fusion gene–positive and BCR-ABL–negative chronic myeloproliferative disorders (2006)

Fusion genes derived from the platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRB) or alpha (PDGFRA) play an important role in the pathogenesis of BCR-ABL-negative chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMPDs). These fusion genes encode constitutively activated receptor tyrosine kinases that can be inhibited by imatinib. Twelve patients with BCR-ABL-negative CMPDs and reciprocal translocations involving PDGFRB received imatinib for a median of 47 months (range, 0.1-60 months). Eleven had prompt responses with normalization of peripheral-blood cell counts and disappearance of eosinophilia; 10 had complete resolution of cytogenetic abnormalities and decrease or disappearance of fusion transcripts as measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Updates were sought from 8 further patients previously described in the literature; prompt responses were described in 7 and persist in 6. Our data show that durable hematologic and cytogenetic responses are achieved with imatinib in patients with PDGFRB fusion-positive, BCR-ABL-negative CMPDs.
Superconducting Microresonators: Physics and Applications (2011)

Interest in superconducting microresonators has grown dramatically over the past decade. Resonator performance has improved substantially through the use of improved geometries and materials as well as a better understanding of the underlying physics. These advances have led to the adoption of superconducting microresonators in a large number of low-temperature experiments and applications. This review outlines these developments, with particular attention given to the use of superconducting microresonators as detectors.
Object mobility in a distributed object-oriented system (1990)

This dissertation studies the movement of objects both large and small within a locally distributed system. We propose that object mobility at a fine granularity can be a powerful tool for simplifying the construction of distributed applications. The unit of mobility in previous systems has typically been an address space. We propose using data of any size as the unit of mobility. Our study of fine-grained mobility is based on a new programming language called Emerald for which we have implemented a run-time kernel. Emerald supports a single model of computation: the object. All objects are described using a uniform semantic model. They can move freely within the system to take advantage of distribution and respond to dynamically changing requirements. We say that Emerald has fine-grained mobility because all objects can move regardless of size. Process migration is supported; light-weight processes that are executing within a migrating object are also migrated on-the-fly.
Our design of Emerald emphasizes efficiency, in particular, efficient communication between potentially distributed objects located on the same machine. By integrating distribution concepts into the programming language, the compiler is able to generate more efficient code for objects that do not require full generality. Emerald supports call-by-reference semantics--even for remote procedure calls. We introduce a special parameter passing mode, call-by-move which can be used to move parameters for efficiency reasons.
We present a design for a distributed on-the-fly garbage collector. The design includes a novel faulting mechanism that allows user processes to proceed during collection.
This dissertation discusses aspects of language design related to mobility and the design and implementation of an efficient Emerald kernel. Measurements of the system and of several small applications are presented.
A cystic fibrosis patient homozygous for the nonsense mutation R553X. (1991)

A cystic fibrosis patient homozygous for the nonsense mutation R553X was identified by mutation screening and the genotype confirmed by DNA sequencing. This patient, the only one described to date who is homozygous for this stop codon in exon 11 of the CFTR gene, is moderately severely affected. Clinical and molecular findings are presented.
Evaluation of the HER2/neu‐derived peptide GP2 for use in a peptide‐based breast cancer vaccine trial (2006)

GP2 is a clinically relevant HER2/neu-derived peptide with immunogenicity comparable to that of E75. Importantly, GP2-specific effectors recognize 2VGP2-expressing targets; therefore, a GP2 vaccine should be effective in patients carrying this polymorphism. GP2 may be most beneficial used in a multiepitope vaccine.
PHO5 Upstream sequences confer phosphate control on the constitutive PHO3 gene (1987)

To identify the sequences involved in the regulation of the yeast acid phosphatase gene (PHO5) we constructed a series of hybrid promoters. Increasing lengths of 5'-flanking sequences of the PHO5 gene were placed in front of the TATA-box of constitutively expressed acid phosphatase gene (PHO3). The PHO5/PHO3 promoter constructions were used to replace the entire PHO5, PHO3 gene cluster on chromosome II. Depending on the length of PHO5 5'-flanking sequences present the PHO3 gene driven by the hybrid promoter could now be derepressed in response to inorganic phosphate (low Pi) exactly as the PHO5 wild type gene. A critical regulatory element was located between position -402 to -351 (upstream from ATG) and sequences further downstream (from -351 to -300) could increase transcriptional activation. The transcription levels of PHO3 were determined by northern blot analysis, under repressed (high Pi) and derepressed (low Pi) conditions which was paralleled by an increase in extra-cellular acid phosphatase activity. Fully regulated promoter hybrids showed a 40-fold induction of mRNA levels, comparable to wild type PHO5 promoter. Sl-nuclease protection experiments revealed that the PHO5 5'-flanking sequences, placed in front of PHO3, did not change the PHO3 transcription initiation site/s.
Short‐term hydropower planning coordinated with wind power in areas with congestion problems (2007)

Abstract In this paper, a day‐ahead planning algorithm for a multi‐reservoir hydropower system coordinated with wind power is developed. Coordination applies to real situations, where wind power and hydropower are owned by different utilities, sharing the same transmission lines, although hydropower has priority for transmission capacity. Coordination is thus necessary to minimize wind energy curtailments during congestion situations. The planning algorithm accounts for the uncertainty of wind power forecast. Only planning for the spot market is considered. Once the production bid is placed on the market, it cannot be changed. The solution of the stochastic optimization problem should, therefore, fulfill the transmission constraints for all wind power production scenarios. An evaluation algorithm is also developed to quantify the impact from the coordinated planning in the long run. The developed planning algorithm and the evaluation algorithm are applied in a case study. The results are compared with uncoordinated operation. The results of the case study show that coordination with wind power brings additional income to the hydropower utility and leads to significant reduction of wind energy curtailments. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Site-specific recombination mediated by an adenovirus vector expressing the Cre recombinase protein: a molecular switch for control of gene expression (1995)

We have constructed replication-defective human adenovirus (Ad) type 5 vectors containing the gene for the Cre recombinase from bacteriophage P1 under control of the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter (AdCre). Expression of the protein was detected in replication-permissive (293) and in nonpermissive (MRC5) cell lines, and its biochemical activity was demonstrated in a cell-free recombination assay using a plasmid containing two loxP sites. To study Cre-mediated recombination in an intracellular system, we constructed an Ad vector (AdMA19) containing the luciferase cDNA under control of the human cytomegalovirus promoter but separated from it by an extraneous spacer sequence flanked by loxP sites which blocked luciferase expression. Upon coinfection of 293 or MRC5 cells with AdMA19 and AdCre, luciferase expression was specifically induced by Cre-mediated excision of the intervening sequence. The use of Ad vectors combined with the Cre-loxP system for regulation of gene expression and other possible applications is discussed.
Development of a Tumor-Targeting MR Contrast Agent Using the High-Affinity Folate Receptor (2000)

This new agent accumulates in tumors expressing hFR. These results do not differentiate between active and passive targeting mechanisms. Receptor-negative tumors suggest a mechanism other than a nonspecific blood pool effect.
New Transforms Tightly Bounded by DCT and KLT (2012)

It is well known that the discrete cosine transform (DCT) and Karhunen–Loève transform (KLT) are two good representatives in image and video coding: the first can be implemented very efficiently while the second offers the best R-D coding performance. In this work, we attempt to design some new transforms with two goals: i) approaching to the KLT's R-D performance and ii) maintaining the implementation cost no bigger than that of DCT. To this end, we follow a cascade structure of multiple butterflies to develop an iterative algorithm: two out of N nodes are selected at each stage to form a Givens rotation (which is equivalent to a butterfly); and the best rotation angle is then determined by maximizing the resulted coding gain. We give the closed-form solutions for the node-selection as well as the angle-determination, together with some design examples to demonstrate their superiority.
Biopharmaceutical Powders Particle Formation and Formulation Considerations (2000)

It is well known that protein/peptide-based drug formulations are more stable in the solid state than in the liquid state, thereby offering stability advantages in ambient temperature storage, product shipping/distribution, and long-term shelf life. Novel powder-based drug delivery systems recently emerging for applications in sustained release, inhalation, intradermal delivery, etc, add more value to protein solid dosage forms. Despite great research interests in understanding the drying effects on protein stability and a large collection of publications focusing on this area, systematic accounts of powder formation techniques are lacking. This review is to summarize a number of methods currently available for protein powder preparation. Some are common methods such as lyophilization, spray drying, pulverization, and precipitation, and some methods are more recently developed such as supercritical fluid precipitation, spray-freeze drying, fluidized-bed spray coating and emulsion precipitation. In addition to examining the individual process effect on protein stability that is always the focus of formulation scientists, this review also likes to evaluate each method from a more practical sense in terms of process versatility and scalability. The conclusion is that each method has its own advantages and the use of a method is formulation and application specific. With the understanding of the principles and advantages of these methods, it can benefit our choice on selecting appropriate techniques for preparing a desired protein powder formulation for specific applications.
Intravenous Immunoglobulin Mediates an Increase in Anti-Platelet Antibody Clearance via the FcRn Receptor (2002)

We have recently shown that intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy leads to an increased rate of anti-platelet antibody clearance in an animal model of immune thrombocytopenia. The present study was performed to confirm the importance of the FcRn receptor in mediating this effect of IVIG. The pharmacokinetics of an anti-platelet antibody, 7E3, were studied in mice lacking expression of FcRn and in control mice, both in the presence and absence of IVIG. IVIG increased the clearance of 7E3 in mice with functioning FcRn receptors, with an average clearance value of 14.4 +/- 1.4 ml/d/kg in IVIG treated mice vs. 5.2 +/- 0.3 ml/d/kg in controls (P <0.001). In mice lacking expression of FcRn, IVIG treatment did not increase 7E3 clearance (61.0 +/- 3.6 ml/d/kg vs. 71.5 +/- 4.0 ml/d/kg in controls). Thus, these data support the hypothesis that IVIG increases antibody elimination via saturation of FcRn.
Carbohydrates Oxidation by Pseudomonas albosesamae nov. sp. (1964)

On shaking culture of the newly isolated bacterium, Pseutdomonas albosesamae, 7) on glucose- or gluconate-containing medium, “a reducing acid” was produced in high yield. The product is produced specifically from glucose, gluconate and 2-ketogluconate, and not from other sugars. The product was isolated as a white to cream-colored, unstable, friable powder of calcium, barium or potassium satl by use of methanol precipitation technique. On manometric studies of glucose, gluconate and 2-ketogluconate oxidation by lyophilized cells, 1.38, 0.99 and 0.48 equimolar consumption of oxygen were observed, respectively, and a common product was detected in the reaction mixture by paper chromatography. Periodate oxidation of “a reducing acid” gives the formation of oxalic and glycolic acid as oxidation products. Hardly any formaton of formaldehyde was observed. Ruff's oxidation of the reduced fermentation product, prepared by sodium borohydrate or catalytic reduction using platinum oxide as catalyst, gave the formation of D-arabinose and lesser amounts of L-xylose. On catalytic reduction by Raney nickel as the catalyst, 2-ketogluconate was formed as the main product. 2-ketogulonic acid was detected paper chromatographically, but the identification was unsuccessful. The 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazone, analytically pure bis-2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of diketogluconate, m. p. 156_??_157°C, [α]24.5D+57.2°, pyridine, 1 dm., was obtained as yellow needle crystals. From the above results, “a reducing acid” was certified to be 2, 5-diketogluconic acid.