gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fetal‐Type Phosphorylation of the τ in Paired Helical Filaments (1992)

To determine the phosphorylation sites of the tau in paired helical filaments (PHF), two types of PHF antisera with different specificities were used: One was a conventional anti-PHF, and the other was an antiserum to formic acid-denatured PHF (anti-HFoPHF). Phosphorylated tau-specific antibodies, anti-ptau 1 and anti-ptau 2, were prepared from anti-PHF and anti-HFoPHF, respectively. We found that both anti-ptau 1 and anti-ptau 2 labeled fetal or juvenile tau but not adult tau. The anti-ptau 1- and anti-ptau 2-recognition sites were immunochemically localized to the fragment Asp313 to Ile328 in the most COOH-terminal portion of tau. Furthermore, Ser315 was determined as the anti-ptau 2 recognition site. The sequence surrounding Ser315 was not found in the canonical sequences phosphorylated with known kinases.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOPENTANONES. XVII‐ PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHESIS INVOLVING THE LITHIUM‐LIQUID AMMONIA REDUCTION OF 3‐ALKYL‐4‐HYDROXY‐2‐(1′‐OCTYNYL)‐2‐CYCLOPENTENONES (1976)

Abstract Li/NaH‐Reduktion des Cyclopentenons (Ia) in Gegenwart von Na‐äthylat liefert als Hauptprodukt das Desoxy‐8‐epi‐PGF,a (IIa), während bei der Reduktion von (Ia) in Gegenwart von Phenol hauptsächlich das Desoxy‐PGFlß (IIIa) (geringe Ausbeute) entsteht; neben (IIa) bzw. (IIIa) werden jeweils die entsprechenden Isomeren (IIIa) bzw. (IIa), verschiedene weitere Isomere sowie gesättigte Verbindungen gebildet.
DNA vaccines prime CD8+ T cell responses to epitopes of viral antigens produced from overlapping reading frames of a single coding sequence (2004)

A hepatitis B virus (HBV)-derived sequence that encodes the 832-residue polymerase (Pol) protein of HBV in the primary open reading frame (ORF), and the three (large, middle and small) hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) variants in an alternative ORF was used. This sequence was cloned into expression vectors in which Pol was expressed under heterologous (HCMV, SV40 or metallothionin) promoter control. Some Pol-encoding vectors coexpressed Pol as well as readily detectable amounts of HBsAg. Efficient HBsAg expression depended on endogenous HBV promoter sequences but was apparently also facilitated by heterologous promoter sequences located upstream of the HBV Pol sequence. DNA immunization of mice efficiently coprimed CD8(+) T cell responses to epitopes of Pol and HBsAg. Over expression of Pol (using an hsp73-facilitated expression system) did not correlate with the immunogenicity of the K(d)/Pol(140-148) epitope. Immunodominant L(d)-restricted CD8(+) T cell responses to HBsAg down-modulated priming of CD8(+) T cell responses to other HBsAg epitopes but not to the K(d)/Pol(140-148) epitope. Different antigens transcribed from alternative reading frames of a single sequence in a DNA vaccine can thus efficiently prime multispecific T cell responses.
Altered nucleoside transporters in mammalian cells selected for resistance to the physiological effects of inhibitors of nucleoside transport. (1985)

From a mutagenized population of wild type S49 T lymphoma cells, clones were generated that were resistant to the physiological effects of the potent inhibitor of nucleoside transport, 4-nitrobenzyl-6-thioinosine (NBMPR). These cells were selected for their ability to survive in semisolid medium containing 0.5 mM hypoxanthine, 0.4 microM methotrexate, 30 microM thymidine, 30 microM deoxycytidine, in the presence of 30 microM NBMPR. NBMPR protected wild type cells from the effects of a spectrum of cytotoxic nucleosides, whereas two mutant clones, KAB1 and KAB5, were still sensitive to nucleoside-mediated cytotoxicity in the presence of NBMPR. Comparisons of the abilities of wild type cells and mutant cells to incorporate exogenous nucleoside to the corresponding nucleoside triphosphate indicated that the KAB1 and KAB5 mutant cells were refractory to normal inhibition by NBMPR. Moreover, rapid transport studies indicated that mutant cells, unlike wild type parental cells, had acquired a substantial NBMPR-insensitive nucleoside transport component. Binding studies with [3H]NBMPR indicated that KAB5 cells were 70-75% deficient in the number of NBMPR binding sites, whereas KAB1 cells possessed a wild type complement of NBMPR binding sites. These data suggest that the NBMPR binding site in wild type S49 cells is genetically distinguishable from the nucleoside carrier site.
Demonstration of an erbium doped microdisk laser on a silicon chip (2006)

Using ion beam implantation of erbium a silica micro-disk laser on silicon chip is demonstrated. A clear transition of spontaneous emission to stimulated emission is observed, with threshold powers of less than 40 micro-Watts.
Potential antitumor agents. 60. Relationships between structure and in vivo colon 38 activity for 5-substituted 9-oxoxanthene-4-acetic acids (1990)

9-Oxoxanthene-4-acetic acids are a class of antitumor agents effective against the mouse colon adenocarcinoma 38 in vivo. Within this class, 5-substituents on the xanthenone are known to enhance potency. To extend structure-activity relationships for the class, a series of derivatives bearing a wide variety of substituents at the 5-position have been prepared and evaluated. The results suggest that activity correlates better with the lipophilic properties of substituents rather than with their electronic properties. Generally, lipophilic substituents result in more active compounds, but there may be a size limitation on such substituents. The 5-methyl derivative is the most dose-potent of the analogues studied.
Structure of Chemisorbed Sulfur on a Pt(111) Electrode (1997)

Electron spectroscopic and diffraction results obtained in ultra-high-vacuum, combined with cyclic voltammetric data, are reported for sulfur adlayers deposited from aqueous sulfide and bisulfide media on Pt(111). The highest coverage obtained by Auger electron spectroscopy, 0.94 ± 0.05 monolayer, is very close to the coverage obtained from coulometry, and is associated with a (1×1) surface phase. This coverage is much higher than that obtained in previous electrochemical studies but is the same as found by other investigators using S2 beam dosing in vacuum. The near complete sulfur monolayer is characterized by a rapid and incomplete oxidation in a narrow potential range near 0.70 V vs a Ag/AgCl reference. Neither full sulfur monolayer coverage nor a sharp voltammetric transition could be obtained when traces of oxygen were present in the electrochemical cell. Oxidation of the (1×1) adlayer (at ≈1 monolayer) gave rise to a previously unreported (2×2) structure, at 1/2 monolayer. Further voltammetric stripping resulted in two more adlattices: (√3×√3)R30° at 1/3 monolayer and p(2×2) at 1/4 monolayer, as reported in previous gas phase studies. The selective stripping procedure provides unique electrochemical control at room temperature of surface structure and coverage, without any change in the long-range surface order of the substrate. When dosing was carried out from bisulfide solution, a (√3×√7) phase at 3/5 monolayer was formed, which once again was not reported previously. The results of the core-level electron energy loss spectroscopy studies suggest that sulfur adatoms retain some of the negative charge and that this charge plays a major role in controlling hydrogen adsorption coverage in the presence of coadsorbed sulfur on Pt(111).
Germanium Nanowire Growth Below the Eutectic Temperature (2007)

Nanowires are conventionally assumed to grow via the vapor-liquid-solid process, in which material from the vapor is incorporated into the growing nanowire via a liquid catalyst, commonly a low-melting point eutectic alloy. However, nanowires have been observed to grow below the eutectic temperature, and the state of the catalyst remains controversial. Using in situ microscopy, we showed that, for the classic Ge/Au system, nanowire growth can occur below the eutectic temperature with either liquid or solid catalysts at the same temperature. We found, unexpectedly, that the catalyst state depends on the growth pressure and thermal history. We suggest that these phenomena may be due to kinetic enrichment of the eutectic alloy composition and expect these results to be relevant for other nanowire systems.
Low-Temperature Solution-Phase Synthesis of Quantum Well Structured CdSe Nanoribbons (2006)

Quantum well structured CdSe nanoribbons with uniform and ultrathin thickness of 1.4 nm were synthesized from the low-temperature reaction of CdCl2 and ammonium selenocarbamate. The CdSe nanoribbons exhibited an extremely narrow photoluminescence band with fwhm of 70 meV.
Research on Advanced Materials for Li‐ion Batteries (2009)

Abstract In order to address power and energy demands of mobile electronics and electric cars, Li‐ion technology is urgently being optimized by using alternative materials. This article presents a review of our recent progress dedicated to the anode and cathode materials that have the potential to fulfil the crucial factors of cost, safety, lifetime, durability, power density, and energy density. Nanostructured inorganic compounds have been extensively investigated. Size effects revealed in the storage of lithium through micropores (hard carbon spheres), alloys (Si, SnSb), and conversion reactions (Cr 2 O 3 , MnO) are studied. The formation of nano/micro core–shell, dispersed composite, and surface pinning structures can improve their cycling performance. Surface coating on LiCoO 2 and LiMn 2 O 4 was found to be an effective way to enhance their thermal and chemical stability and the mechanisms are discussed. Theoretical simulations and experiments on LiFePO 4 reveal that alkali metal ions and nitrogen doping into the LiFePO 4 lattice are possible approaches to increase its electronic conductivity and does not block transport of lithium ion along the 1D channel.
Extraction with supercritical gases (1980)

The contents of this book derives from a symposium on the 5th and 6th of June 1978 in the ''Haus der Technik'' in Essen. Contributions were made to separation with supercritical gases, fluid extraction of hops, spices and tobacco, physicochemical principles of extraction, phase equilibria and critical curves of binary ammonia-hydrocarbon mixtures, a quick method for the microanalytical evaluation of the dissolving power of supercritical gases, chromatography with supercritical fluids, the separation of nonvolatile substances by means of compressed gases in countercurrent processes, large-scale industrial plant for extraction with supercritical gases, development and design of plant for high-pressure extraction of natural products.
[Abnormal expression of Thy-1 as a novel tumor marker in lung cancer and its prognostic significance]. (2005)

There is a significant overexpressed Thy-1 located in lung cancer cell nucleus as compared to the normal tissue or benign tumor cells of lung, and it is one of the factors effected on the prognosis of NSCLC patients. This finding suggests that Thy-1 maybe a novel latent malignant marker in the lung cancer pathology. The association between Thy-1 and p53 expression in nucleus suggests that p53 protein and Thy-1 may have some interaction.
Polymerase Chain Reaction in Miniaturized Systems: <I>Big Progress in Little Devices</I> (2006)

A critical need exists for advanced technologies that enable genomic-based DNA analysis to be performed with significantly higher throughput and at a significantly lower cost than is attainable with current hardware. Miniaturized polymerase chain reaction systems offer an attractive platform to address these needs, combining the ability to perform rapid thermocycling with a portable device format that can be inexpensively mass produced. We review recent efforts aimed at developing these next-generation systems and discuss some of the practical considerations involved in adapting this technology for routine laboratory use.
Extraction of Hydrogen Chloride from Aqueous Solutions (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExtraction of Hydrogen Chloride from Aqueous SolutionsEugene D. Crittenden and A. Norman HixsonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1954, 46, 2, 265–274Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1954https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50530a023RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views236Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts
IL-6 and Its Circadian Secretion in Humans (2005)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by numerous types of immune and nonimmune cells and is involved in many pathophysiologic mechanisms in humans. Many studies suggest that IL-6 is a putative 'sleep factor' and its circadian secretion correlates with sleep/sleepiness. IL-6 is elevated in disorders of excessive daytime sleepiness such as narcolepsy and obstructive sleep apnea. It correlates positively with body mass index and may be a mediator of sleepiness in obesity. Also the secretion of this cytokine is stimulated by total acute or partial short-term sleep loss reflecting the increased sleepiness experienced by sleep-deprived individuals. Studies that evaluated the 24-hour secretory pattern of IL-6 in healthy young adults suggest that IL-6 is secreted in a biphasic circadian pattern with two nadirs at about 08.00 and 21.00, and two zeniths at about 19.00 and 05.00 h. In contrast, following sleep deprivation or in disorders of sleep disturbance, e.g., insomnia, IL-6 peaks during the day and, based on the level of stress system activity, i.e., cortisol secretion, contributes to either sleepiness and deep sleep (low cortisol) or feelings of tiredness and fatigue and poor sleep (high cortisol). In order to address concerns about the potential impact of differences of IL-6 levels between the beginning and the end of the 24-hour blood-drawing experiment, we proceeded with a cosinor analysis of 'detrended' data in young and old healthy individuals. This new analysis did not affect the biphasic circadian pattern of IL-6 secretion in young adults, while it augmented the flattened circadian pattern in old individuals in whom the difference was greater. Finally, IL-6 appears to be somnogenic in rats and exhibits a diurnal rhythm that follows the sleep/wake cycle in these animals. We conclude that IL-6 is a mediator of sleepiness and its circadian pattern reflects the homeostatic drive for sleep.
Conformational properties and thermodynamics of the RNA duplex r(CGCAAAUUUGCG)2: comparison with the DNA analogue d(CGCAAATTTGCG)2 (1997)

The thermodynamic stability of nine dodecamers (four DNA and five RNA) of the same base composition has been compared by UV-melting. TheDeltaG of stabilisation were in the order: r(GACUGAUCAGUC)2>r(CGCAAATTTGCG)2 approximately r(CGCAUAUAUGCG)2>d(CGCAAATTTGCG)2 approximately r(CGCAAAUUUGCG)2>d(CGCATATATGCG)2 approximately d(GACTGATCAGTC)2>r(CGCUUUAAAGCG)2 approximately d(CGCTTTAAAGCG)2. Compared with the mixed sequences, both r(AAAUUU) and r(UUUAAA) are greatly destablising in RNA, whereas in DNA, d(TTTAAA) is destabilising but d(AAATTT) is stabilising, which has been attributed to the formation of a special B'structure involving large propeller twists of the A-T base pairs. The solution structure of the RNA dodecamer r(CGCAAAUUUGCG)2has been determined using NMR and restrained molecular dynamics calculations to assess the conformational reasons for its stability in comparison with d(CGCAAATTTGCG)2. The structures refined to a mean pairwise r.m.s.d. of 0.89+/-0.29 A. The nucleotide conformations are typical of the A family of structures. However, although the helix axis displacement is approximately 4.6 A into the major groove, the rise (3.0 A) and base inclination ( approximately 6 degrees ) are different from standard A form RNA. The extensive base-stacking found in the AAATTT tract of the DNA homologue that is largely responsible for the higher thermodynamic stability of the DNA duplex is reduced in the RNA structure, which may account for its low relative stability.
Genetic Distance among Selected Cotton Genotypes and Its Relationship with F2 Performance (2002)

ABSTRACT Knowledge of genetic diversity and relationships among breeding materials has a significant impact on crop improvement. Association between parental divergence and progeny performance has not been well documented in cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.). The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic diversity among selected cotton genotypes on the basis of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, and to investigate the relationship between genetic diversity and F 2 ‐bulk population performance. Five U.S. and four Australian cultivars, and two day‐neutral converted lines of G. hirsutum were genotyped by means of 90 SSR primer pairs providing 69 polymorphic marker loci. Genetic distance (GD) between genotypes ranged from 0.06 to 0.34 for the 11 parental genotypes. The highest GD (0.34) was observed between ST474 and the day‐neutral converted line B1388. The lowest GD (0.06) was detected between cultivars FM832 and FM975. The GD between day‐neutral converted lines and cultivars ranged from 0.26 to 0.34. Among the Australian cultivars, GD ranged from 0.06 to 0.19 while GD among U.S. cultivars varied from 0.10 to 0.22, indicating a narrow genetic base. Significant correlations between agronomic and fiber traits of F 2 ‐bulk populations and GD ranged from negative to positive depending on the traits, genetic background, and environment. On the basis of SSR markers, GD revealed a lack of genetic diversity among all genotypes and it was a poor predictor of overall F 2 performance. However, when genotypes with maximum range of GD were present, it was a better predictor for some traits.
An efficient web page watermarking scheme (2009)

Nowadays, the security of Web pages becomes very important. Zhao and Lu had proposed a PCA-based watermarking scheme for Web pages; their scheme is an effective tool for tamper-proof of Web pages. However, the PCA algorithm is time-consuming, especially when the size of Web page is too large. Chia-Chi Wu et al. proposed a Web page watermarking scheme base on hash functions, claiming that their scheme is faster than the PCA algorithm. In this paper, we proposed a new Web page watermarking scheme. Experimental results show out that the proposed scheme is much faster than the PCA algorithm and hash functions, and, at the same time, our scheme makes some improvements on Zhao and Lu's scheme.
Deterioration of lyophilized pharmaceutical proteins. (1998)

The successful use of proteins in pharmaceutical and other commercial applications requires close examination of their relative fragility. Because of the resultant enhanced stability, proteins are often formulated in the solid state, even though dehydration tends to alter their structure. Even in the solid form, however, proteins may become inactivated due to various deleterious processes, e.g., aggregation. This review focuses on such mechanisms, with an emphasis on case studies conducted in our laboratory. Proteins which have both disulfide bonds and free thiols may aggregate via thiol-disulfide exchange, and this process may be facilitated by lyophilization-induced structural perturbations. For proteins possessing disulfides but not free thiols, aggregation also may occur when native disulfides are beta-eliminated, thus giving rise to thiol species which can catalyze disulfide scrambling. Other deleterious processes have also been uncovered, including a formaldehyde-mediated aggregation of formalinized vaccines. It is illustrated how knowledge of such deterioration pathways makes possible the rational development of stable solid protein formulations.
<title>Automated determination of CAD layout failures through focus: experiment and simulation</title> (1994)

This paper describes a software program that compares the simulated aerial image of a mask pattern with the original, desired, mask pattern. The program uses the Fast Aerial Image Model (FAIM) to simulate the aerial image. A specific intensity contour is chosen and the distance from the contour to the desired design is calculated. Regions where the distance exceeds a specified tolerance are deemed failures and flagged. Corner-rounding errors are handled differently to line edge position errors. The threshold intensity used can be specified by the user, alternatively a `critical feature' may be defined and the threshold set to the intensity value required to print it on size. In addition to describing the program, we also show examples of how the aerial image contour predictions compare with simulations of resist profiles and actual printed resist images for the case of a SRAM cell.
Inflammation as a Risk Factor for Atrial Fibrillation (2003)

CRP is not only associated with the presence of AF but may also predict patients at increased risk for future development of AF.
New Findings on the Congenital Transmission of Avian Leukosis Viruses (1984)

RAV-0, an endogenous avian leukosis virus, does not undergo congenital transmission in infected K28 chickens. In contrast, avian leukosis viruses of exogenous origin undergo highly efficient congenital transmission. The relative abilities of endogenous and exogenous viruses to undergo congenital transmission appear to be determined by the p27 capsid proteins of these viruses.
Distributed traffic flow prediction with label proportions: from in-network towards high performance computation with MPI (2015)

Modern traffic management should benefit from the diverse sensors, smart phones, and social networks data that offer the potential of enhanced services. In disaster scenarios, it is no longer guaranteed that a central server and reliable communication is always available. This motivates a distributed computing setting with restricted communication. Also in distributed High Performance Computing communication costs have to be reduced to the minimum and costly broadcast to all compute nodes hould be avoided. We want to learn local models with high communication efficiency. They still require the exchange of label information in a setting of supervised learning. The transmission of all labels among the nodes can be as costly as communicating all observations. Sophisticated methods are required to trade-off prediction performance against communication costs.

We hereby present an in-network algorithm based on local models that only sends label counts to neighboring nodes. Therefore the method is a novel approach that transfers no data about individual observations, but just aggregated label information. We outline its MPI implementation. And evaluate our approach on real world data in a traffic monitoring scenario. Tests reveal that in comparison to sending all labels, the algorithm is scalable.