gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anisotropic polygonal remeshing (2003)

In this paper, we propose a novel polygonal remeshing technique that exploits a key aspect of surfaces: the intrinsic anisotropy of natural or man-made geometry. In particular, we use curvature directions to drive the remeshing process, mimicking the lines that artists themselves would use when creating 3D models from scratch. After extracting and smoothing the curvature tensor field of an input genus-0 surface patch, lines of minimum and maximum curvatures are used to determine appropriate edges for the remeshed version in anisotropic regions, while spherical regions are simply point sampled since there is no natural direction of symmetry locally. As a result our technique generates polygon meshes mainly composed of quads in anisotropic regions, and of triangles in spherical regions. Our approach provides the flexibility to produce meshes ranging from isotropic to anisotropic, from coarse to dense, and from uniform to curvature adapted.
Genome Editing in Human Cells Using CRISPR/Cas Nucleases (2015)

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) system has been broadly adopted for highly efficient genome editing in a variety of model organisms and human cell types. Unlike previous genome editing technologies such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), CRISPR/Cas technology does not require complex protein engineering and can be utilized by any researcher proficient in basic molecular biology and cell culture techniques. This unit describes protocols for design and cloning of vectors expressing single or multiplex gRNAs, for transient transfection of human cell lines, and for quantitation of mutation frequencies by T7 endonuclease I assay. These protocols also include guidance for using two improvements that increase the specificity of CRISPR/Cas nucleases: truncated gRNAs and dimeric RNA-guided FokI nucleases.
Anhydrates and Hydrates of Olanzapine:  Crystallization, Solid-State Characterization, and Structural Relationships (2003)

Olanzapine, a novel benzodiazepine agent used in the treatment of schizophrenia and related psychoses, crystallizes in 25+ crystal forms, seven of which are pharmaceutically relevant: three anhydrates (I−III), three dihydrates (B, D, and E), and a higher hydrate. X-ray crystal structures of the thermodynamically stable anhydrous form (I), two dihydrates (B and D), a higher hydrate, and a Rietveld-refined structure of dihydrate E have permitted a detailed analysis of the conformational, hydrogen bonding, and crystal packing preferences of olanzapine. The symmetry and hydrogen-bonding interactions in the crystal forms have also been characterized by 13C and 15N CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy. Using the crystallographic and spectroscopic data, significant structural relationships have been identified between the crystal forms of olanzapine. The present study demonstrates the utility of integrating crystallography, spectroscopy, and crystal modeling in detailed structural investigations of polymorphism (and solvate formation) and for rationalizing crystallization outcomes. This study also shows that polymorphism and hydrate formation can be used to optimize the physical presentation of pharmaceutical solids.
Change in plasma tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 levels in the first week after myeloablative allogeneic transplantation correlates with severity and incidence of GVHD and survival (2008)

Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a significant cause of mortality after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) mediates GVHD by amplifying donor immune responses to host tissues and by direct toxicity to target organs. We measured TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) as a surrogate marker for TNF-alpha in 438 recipients of myeloablative HCT before transplantation and at day 7 after transplantation. Increases in TNFR1 levels more than or equal to 2.5 baseline correlated with eventual development of GVHD grade 2 to 4 (58% vs 32%, P < .001) and with treatment-related mortality (39% vs 17%, P < .001). In a multivariate analysis including age, degree of HLA match, donor type, recipient and donor sex, disease, and status at HCT, the increase in TNFR1 level at day 7 remained a significant predictor for outcome. Measurement of TNFR1 levels early after transplantation provides independent information in advance of important clinical outcomes, such as GVHD and death.
Use and misuse of the term potency with respect to oral contraceptives. (1986)

As a result of studies suggesting an association between oral contraceptive (OC) use and breast cancer and cardiovascular events, there has been considerable discussion of the estrogenic and progestogenic potency of OC formulations. This article seeks to portray the state of the art and the validity of current potency estimates. The relative potency of 2 drugs is the ratio of doses have an equivalent effect when the dose/response curves are parallel. In such assessments, all OC constituents must be specified, standardized, and replicated. Tests measuring control of cyclic uterine bleeding and efficiency of ovulation inhibition are of primary importance for the clinical assessment of an OC. The synergism and antagonism of estrogens and progestogens have been demonstrated in animal studies. Progestational compounds may have estrogenic, antiestrogenic, androgenic, antiandrogenic, and corticoid activities as well as progestational activity. Moreover, the assay of such activity may have no clinical correlate. Even when a clinical endpoint such as the delay of menses is used, the results are difficult to interpret. In short, none of the indices proposed to assess progestational potency in humans has led to the development of even remotely satisfactory bioassay systems, for both technical and practical reasons. It appears that reliable data will become available only through sound epidemiologic studies of substantial magnitude.
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Synthesis and Magnetic Characterization of MnFe2O4/Polystyrene Core/Shell Nanoparticles (2002)

An atom transfer radical polymerization route is developed for the coating of MnFe2O4 nanoparticles with polystyrene yielding the core-shell nanoparticles with size <15 nm. Magnetic studies show a decrease in coercivity after the formation of polystyrene shell, which is considered due to the reduction of magnetic surface anisotropy upon polymer coating. The MnFe2O4 nanoparticles as the magnetic core were separately prepared by a reverse micelle microemulsion method. Polymerization initiators are chemically attached onto the surface of nanoparticles. The modified nanoparticles are then used as macro-initiators in the subsequent polymerization reaction. This approach provides great flexibility in the selection of magnetic core. Consequently, magnetic tunability is able to be introduced into these core/shell nanoparticulate systems to achieve the desired superparamagnetic response.
Audiologic Phenotype and Progression in GJB2 (Connexin 26) Hearing Loss (2010)

Hearing loss owing to GJB2 mutations ranges from mild to profound and is usually congenital. More than 50% of patients will experience some hearing loss progression, generally gradually but occasionally precipitously. Hearing loss severity may be influenced by genetic factors, such as the degree of preserved protein function in nontruncating mutations, whereas hearing loss progression may be dependent on factors other than the connexin 26 protein. Genetic counseling for patients with GJB2 mutations should include the variable audiologic phenotype and the possibility of progression.
Cervical Human Vertebrae Quantitative Three-Dimensional Anatomy of the Middle and Lower Regions (1991)

In this study, the three-dimensional quantitative anatomy of middle and lower cervical vertebrae was determined. The three-dimensional coordinates of various marked points on the surface of the vertebra were measured with a specially designed morphometer instrument. From these coordinates, linear dimensions, angulations, and areas of surfaces and cross-sections of most vertebral components were calculated. The results showed two distinct transition regions: 1) toward the thoracic spine by the wider C7 vertebra but narrower spinal canal; and 2) toward the upper cervical region with the larger pedicle and spinous process of C2. Based on the study of 72 human cervical vertebrae, mean and standard error of the mean values of some clinically important dimensions of vertebral body, spinal canal, pedicles, transverse processes, spinous process, and uncovertebral joints are given for C2-C7 vertebrae. The areas of the end plates, spinal canal, and pedicles were modeled by elliptical and triangular shapes, and results were compared with the actual measurements.
Circulating IgA immune complexes in head and neck cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, lung cancer, and colon cancer (1987)

A double antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to quantitate circulating immune complexed IgA (IgA IC) in human serum. The serum panel for this study consisted of normal blood donors, benign surgery (BS), head and neck cancer (HN), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), lung cancer (LC), and colon cancer (CC) patients. Immune complexes (IC) were isolated from these sera by precipitation with 3.5% polyethylene glycol (PEG), washed and then redissolved in 0.1 M phosphate-buffered saline pH 7.2. The amount of IgA IC present were then quantified using the double antibody IgA ELISA. This assay was found to be both sensitive (26.0 ng/ml) and reproducible (intra-assay coefficient of variation 4.0%). The mean IgA IC for each cancer group tested (HN = 11.38 +/- 12.54 micrograms/ml; NPC = 13.36 +/- 17.56 micrograms/ml; LC = 17.39 +/- 13.04 micrograms/ml; CC = 26.50 +/- 4.60 micrograms/ml) were significantly elevated (P = 0.001) over both the normals (5.12 +/- 4.09 micrograms/ml) and the benign surgery controls (5.92 +/- 5.04 micrograms/ml). In addition to providing a new tumor marker the presence of high levels of IgA IC in cancer patients could provide a source of tumor-specific antibody as well as antigen and provide reagents to study immune regulation in cancer patients.
Oscillometry and applanation tonometry measurements in older individuals with elevated levels of arterial stiffness (2013)

Particularly in the elderly with elevated levels of arterial stiffness, measurements of aPWV obtained with oscillometry and applanation tonometry show poor agreement. Also, AIx, aortic SBP, and aortic PP show clearly less than optimal agreement.
Differential expression patterns of mRNAs for members of the fibroblast growth factor receptor family, FGFR‐1–FGFR‐4, in rat brain (1994)

We have examined the region-specific expression of mRNAs for four members of rat FGF receptor family, FGFR-1, FGFR-2 FGFR-3, and FGFR-4, in rat brain by in situ hybridization. The FGFR-1, FGFR-2, and FGFR-3 mRNAs were expressed widely but differentially in the brain. However, the FGFR-4 mRNA was not expressed in the brain. The FGFR-1 mRNA was strongly expressed in several regions including the hippocampus, cerebellum, and pedunculopotine tegmental nucleus. The FGFR-2 mRNA expression was high in the choroid plexus, and moderate in the fiber-rich regions (the corpus callosum, external capsule, and internal capsule) and the olfactory bulb. The FGFR-3 mRNA was expressed diffusely in the brain. We have also examined the cellular localization of these mRNAs in the brain. Although the FGFR-1 mRNA was expressed preferentially in neurons, the FGFR-2 and FGFR-3 mRNAs were expressed preferentially in glial cells. The present findings that the FGFR-1, FGFR-2, and FGFR-3 mRNAs were expressed widely but with region- and cell-specificity in the brain indicate that these receptors have different roles in the brain.
Real‐Time Automated Detection and Quantitative Analysis of Seizures and Short‐Term Prediction of Clinical Onset (1998)

This algorithm, which was implemented with a personal computer, represents a definitive step toward rapid and accurate detection and prediction of seizures. It may also enable development of intelligent devices for automated seizure warning and treatment and stimulate new study of the dynamics of seizures and of the epileptic brain.
Identification of New Snake Venom Metalloproteinase Inhibitors Using Compound Screening and Rational Peptide Design (2012)

The majority of snakebite envenomations in Central America are caused by the viperid species Bothrops asper, whose venom contains a high proportion of zinc-dependent metalloproteinases that play a relevant role in the pathogenesis of hemorrhage characteristic of these envenomations. Broad metalloproteinase inhibitors, such as the peptidomimetic hydroxamate Batimastat, have been shown to inhibit snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMP). However, the difficulty in having open public access to Batimastat and similar molecules highlights the need to design new inhibitors of SVMPs that could be applied in the treatment of snakebite envenomations. We have chosen the SVMP BaP1 as a model to search for new inhibitors using different strategies, that is, screening of the Prestwick Chemical Library and rational peptide design. Results from these approaches provide clues on the structural requirements for efficient BaP1 inhibition and pave the way for the design of new inhibitors of SVMP.
Devil’s lenses (2007)

In this paper we present a new kind of kinoform lenses in which the phase distribution is characterized by the "devil's staircase" function. The focusing properties of these fractal DOEs coined devil's lenses (DLs) are analytically studied and compared with conventional Fresnel kinoform lenses. It is shown that under monochromatic illumination a DL give rise a single fractal focus that axially replicates the self-similarity of the lens. Under broadband illumination the superposition of the different monochromatic foci produces an increase in the depth of focus and also a strong reduction in the chromaticity variation along the optical axis.
Positioning ethics and social responsibility as a strategic tool in employees’ affective commitment (2017)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of ethics and social responsibility on employees’ affective commitment in the context of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Design/methodology/approach This is a quantitative research. The authors employ multistage sampling technique, non-probability and judgmental sampling method. Data were collected through questionnaire survey to measure the respondents’ perceptions of the ethics and social responsibility, as well as internal corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices. The data obtained were analyzed through variance-based structural equation modeling (SEM), i.e., partial least square SEM. Findings The findings reveal that perceived role of ethics and social responsibility (PRESOR) and internal CSR are positively related to employees’ affective commitment. Job satisfaction is found to be mediating the relationship between PRESOR and affective commitment. The result also showed that internal CSR practices mediate the relationship between PRESOR and affective commitment. Research limitations/implications There are few limitations in the present research. First, present research merely investigates the practices of ethics and social responsibility by SMEs and did not perform a comparison with larger organizations. Second, the use of non-probability sampling method is unable to generalize results for the entire population. Future research could address the shortcoming of present research in order to further contribute to the academic and business world. Practical implications The findings provide insights to entrepreneurs and SMEs on the manifestation of ethics and social responsibility in enhancing employees’ affective commitment. In turn, it reduces employees’ turnover intention and enhances SMEs sustainability to strive in the competitive environment. Social implications These findings highlight the positive chain effects of enterprises in discharging their moral obligation as well as their social responsibility. The enterprises are benefited from the good reputation which may act as a magnet to attract talent-employees and also sustaining their enterprises through employees’ retention. Originality/value This research paper contributes to current knowledge by painting a better picture on the importance of ethics and social responsibility and internal CSR from the employees’ perception. As to date, employees’ perception of ethics and social responsibility and internal CSR practices are still under-investigated. Moreover, past research often focuses the impact of ethics and social responsibility in the larger corporation but scant research is conducted in the smaller organization such as SMEs.
Molecular Cloning and Expression of the Type 1 and Type 2 Murine Receptors for Tumor Necrosis Factor (1991)

Clones encoding the type 1 (p80) and type 2 (p60) forms of the murine receptors for tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were isolated by cross-hybridization using probes derived from the cloned human TNF receptors. Each of the murine receptors shows strong sequence homology to the corresponding human receptor (approximately 65% amino acid identity) throughout the molecule but only modest homology, limited to ligand-binding domains, between themselves. The ligand-binding characteristics of the recombinant murine receptors mirror those of the human homologs: both receptor types bind TNF-alpha and -beta with multiple affinity classes, and the ligands cross-compete. Analysis of the murine transcripts encoding these receptors revealed the presence of RNAs for one or both forms of the receptors in all cells examined. It was also demonstrated that for both types of human TNF receptor, variably sized transcripts are observed in different cells. The murine cDNAs were further used to determine the chromosomal locations of the TNF receptor genes. They are not linked, in contrast to the ligands, and map to chromosomes 4 (type 1) and 6 (type 2).
A modular approach to intensity-modulated arc therapy optimization with noncoplanar trajectories (2015)

Utilizing noncoplanar beam angles in volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) has the potential to combine the benefits of arc therapy, such as short treatment times, with the benefits of noncoplanar intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plans, such as improved organ sparing. Recently, vendors introduced treatment machines that allow for simultaneous couch and gantry motion during beam delivery to make noncoplanar VMAT treatments possible. Our aim is to provide a reliable optimization method for noncoplanar isocentric arc therapy plan optimization. The proposed solution is modular in the sense that it can incorporate different existing beam angle selection and coplanar arc therapy optimization methods. Treatment planning is performed in three steps. First, a number of promising noncoplanar beam directions are selected using an iterative beam selection heuristic; these beams serve as anchor points of the arc therapy trajectory. In the second step, continuous gantry/couch angle trajectories are optimized using a simple combinatorial optimization model to define a beam trajectory that efficiently visits each of the anchor points. Treatment time is controlled by limiting the time the beam needs to trace the prescribed trajectory. In the third and final step, an optimal arc therapy plan is found along the prescribed beam trajectory. In principle any existing arc therapy optimization method could be incorporated into this step; for this work we use a sliding window VMAT algorithm. The approach is demonstrated using two particularly challenging cases. The first one is a lung SBRT patient whose planning goals could not be satisfied with fewer than nine noncoplanar IMRT fields when the patient was treated in the clinic. The second one is a brain tumor patient, where the target volume overlaps with the optic nerves and the chiasm and it is directly adjacent to the brainstem. Both cases illustrate that the large number of angles utilized by isocentric noncoplanar VMAT plans can help improve dose conformity, homogeneity, and organ sparing simultaneously using the same beam trajectory length and delivery time as a coplanar VMAT plan.
Neuroendocrine transdifferentiation induced by VPA is mediated by PPARγ activation and confers resistance to antiblastic therapy in prostate carcinoma (2008)

Our data indicate that the use of VPA as monotherapy in PCa has to be considered with extreme caution, since it may induce an unfavorable NET. In order to counteract the VPA-induced NET, the inhibition of PPARgamma may represent a suitable adjuvant treatment strategy and awaits further experimental validation.
Immunoelectron Microscopic Study of the Location of Group-Specific and Protein Type-Specific Antigens of Group B Streptococci (1980)

The ultrastructural location of the group-specific polysaccharide and the type-specific protein antigens R and X of group B streptococci was studied by means of the direct immunoferritin technique. The group-specific antigen was located on the outer wall layer. The specificity of the reaction was proved by the inhibition of labelling after absorption of the antibody-ferritin conjugate with group B polysaccharide. On the other hand, the demonstration of the polysaccharide was not sterically hindered by protein type antigens. As with group A and C streptococci the group polysaccharide could be localized on both the outer and inner surfaces of isolated walls. The protein antigens R and X were also demonstrated on the wall surface. The specificity of the reaction was ensured by making use of the enzymic sensitivity of these antigens. The location of the R protein on long filaments protruding from the cell surface resembles that of M protein of group A streptococci. In contrast to the group polysaccharide both the R and X protein antigens are localized only on the outer surface of isolated walls.
An evaluation of potential correlations between pathophysiologic mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and management of rosacea. (2013)

This article discusses rosacea, a common facial dermatosis of uncertain etiology and recent investigations that have begun to shed considerable light on the sequence of events leading to clinical manifestations of rosacea. The article content is based on a dedicated meeting about rosacea sanctioned by the American Acne & Rosacea Society (AARS) and represents the consensus of the authors and AARS Board of Directors.
Dislocation-free Stranski-Krastanow growth of Ge on Si(100) (1990)

We show that the islands formed in Stranski-Krastanow (SK) growth of Ge on Si(100) are initially dislocation free. Island formation in true SK growth should be driven by strain relaxation in large, dislocated islands. Coherent SK growth is explained in terms of elastic deformation around the islands, which partially accommodates mismatch. The limiting critical thickness, ${\mathit{h}}_{\mathit{c}}$, of coherent SK islands is shown to be higher than that for 2D growth. We demonstrate growth of dislocation-free Ge islands on Si to a thickness of \ensuremath{\approxeq}500 \AA{}, 50\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}higher than ${\mathit{h}}_{\mathit{c}}$ for 2D Ge/Si epitaxy.
A breakthrough method for the accurate addition of reagents in multi-step segmented flow processing (2011)

In order to use segmented chemical flow processing in more complex reaction sequences, a method has been developed to precisely control the addition of reagent streams during multi-step operations. Using in-line infra-red monitoring with a new LabVIEW software application, it is possible to control additional pumps to dispense further reagents in real time based upon the concentration of reaction intermediates. This enables precise mixing with perfect timing thus greatly increasing product quality and enabling segmented chemical flow processing to be used in extended reaction sequences.