gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective Growth of Polysilicon (1986)

A chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique for selective growth of polysilicon has been developed. This technique makes it possible to grow polysilicon only on the exposed silicon without a Si nucleus on the or mask. Perfect selectivity over the whole wafer surface was obtained in a system in the temperature range of 900°–1000°C under a pressure of 100 Pa at a significantly high line velocity. These conditions provide a perfectly selective silicon epitaxy technique, while addition of trichloroethylene as a gas that causes extreme deterioration of the crystallinity produced the selective polysilicon technique without a degradation of selectivity. A SEM observation showed that the grain size of the grown film was about 0.3 μm. SIMS analysis indicated that the concentration of carbon atoms incorporated in the film was on the order of 1020 cm−3. X‐ray rocking curve analysis derived a smaller lattice parameter of 5.425A, due to incorporated carbon atoms.
Defined Apolipoprotein A-I Conformations in Reconstituted High Density Lipoprotein Discs (1989)

We prepared and isolated defined, reconstituted high density lipoprotein (r-HDL) particles containing apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine, and cholesterol. The initial r-HDL were prepared by the sodium cholate method, then part of the preparation was depleted of phospholipid by exposure to LDL, and the resulting, stable r-HDL species were isolated by gel filtration. The isolated r-HDL were characterized in terms of their size, alpha-helix content, and the conformation of apoA-I as reported by the fluorescence properties of the tryptophan residues. Then the relative reactivity of the r-HDL with lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase was assessed. The isolated, discoidal r-HDL contained 2 and 3 apoA-I molecules/particle, and had 77 and 109 A diameters, respectively. Their spectral properties were essentially identical and were distinct from the larger particles in the class of r-HDL with 2 apoA-I molecules/particle (particles with diameters of 86 and 96 A). In addition, the reactivity of the 77 and 109 A particles with pure lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase was similar and about 10-fold lower than for the 86 and 96 A particles. We conclude that the stable, limiting r-HDL particles in each class (77 and 109 A) can arise from the larger particles of the same class by depletion of phospholipids. These limiting particles have very similar apoA-I conformations, with decreased alpha-helix contents and compact protein regions, that are very poor in activating lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase. Based on these results, we propose a model to explain the origin of the different classes and subclasses of the discoidal r-HDL particles.
The Role of Backbone Flexibility in the Accommodation of Variants That Repack the Core of T4 Lysozyme (1993)

To understand better how the packing of side chains within the core influences protein structure and stability, the crystal structures were determined for eight variants of T4 lysozyme, each of which contains three to five substitutions at adjacent interior sites. Concerted main-chain and side-chain displacements, with movements of helical segments as large as 0.8 angstrom, were observed. In contrast, the angular conformations of the mutated side chains tended to remain unchanged, with torsion angles within 20 degrees of those in the wild-type structure. These observations suggest that not only the rotation of side chains but also movements of the main chain must be considered in the evaluation of which amino acid sequences are compatible with a given protein fold.
Molecular cloning of a novel protein antigen of Leishmania major that elicits a potent immune response in experimental murine leishmaniasis (1996)

BALB/c mice are highly susceptible to infection with the protozoan parasite Leishmania major. This susceptibility has been attributed, in part, to the expansion of parasite-specific CD4+ Th2 cells that antagonize Th1 responses and promote humoral immunity. In the present study, we have utilized sera from L. major-infected BALB/c mice to screen an L. major amastigote cDNA expression library. One of the clones detected encodes a novel Ag designated as L. major stress-inducible 1 (LmSTI1). LmSTI1 contains six copies of the tetratricopeptide consensus motif and is highly related to a family of stress-inducible proteins that is conserved from yeast to humans. Sera from L. major-infected BALB/c mice have LmSTI1-specific Ab titers in excess of 1:200,000, comprised predominantly of IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B isotypes. Recombinant LmSTI1 protein elicited strong proliferative responses from draining lymph node cells of L. major-infected BALB/c mice at both early (10 days) and late (28 days) stages of infection and elicited production of high levels of IFN-gamma and low levels of IL-4. In contrast, soluble leishmanial lysate elicited high levels of IL-4 and low IFN-gamma production. Thus, we have identified an Ag of Leishmania capable of eliciting a mixed cellular response that is skewed toward a Th1 phenotype in susceptible BALB/c mice with advanced infections. In addition, analyses of sera from human patients with cutaneous, visceral, and post-kala azar visceral leishmaniasis indicated that a majority of individuals from all three clinical groups mounted strong humoral responses against LmSTI1.
Impact of surrounding gate transistor (SGT) for ultra-high-density LSI's (1991)

A transistor with compact structures for future MOS devices is discussed. This transistor, whose gate electrode surrounds the pillar silicon island, reduces the occupied area for all kinds of circuits. By using this transistor, the occupied area of the CMOS inverter can be shrunk to 50% of that using planar transistors. Other advantages, such as steep cutoff characteristics, very small substrate bias effects, and high reliability, are discussed. Its structure, which allows for the enlargement of gate-controllability to the channel and electric field relaxation at the drain edge, is described. The advantages of this SGT for large-scale integration (LSI) devices is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Physics of the guitar at the Helmholtz and first top-plate resonances (1977)

The action of the guitar has been studied in detail in the vicinity of the Helmholtz air resonance and the first resonance of the top plate. Measurements of the input mechanical admittance, the output sound pressure, and their phases suggest an analogous acoustical circuit for the guitar identical with that used to describe the action of a loudspeaker in a bass-reflex enclosure. Below the Helmholtz resonance sound radiated from the rose and from the top plate are out of phase. As a result sound radiated from the guitar is not enhanced by the rose. Above this resonance sound output from the rose and top plate are more nearly in phase with a resulting enhancement of radiated sound.
Multi-user interaction using handheld projectors (2007)

Recent research on handheld projector interaction has expanded the display and interaction space of handheld devices by projecting information onto the physical environment around the user, but has mainly focused on single-user scenarios. We extend this prior single-user research to co-located multi-user interaction using multiple handheld projectors. We present a set of interaction techniques for supporting co-located collaboration with multiple handheld projectors, and discuss application scenarios enabled by them.
Characterization of the Polymorphic Behavior of an Organic Compound Using a Dynamic Thermal and X-ray Powder Diffraction Technique (2007)

The crystalline polymorphic forms of several samples of an organic compound produced by Dowpharma were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD); combined, simultaneous, and dynamic differential scanning calorimetry/X-ray powder diffraction (DSC/XRPD); and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A total of 10 crystalline polymorphs were identified, six of which are anhydrous. Form l is a heptahydrate that reversibly converts to anhydrous Form I under dry conditions and also undergoes a reversible solid–solid phase transition at about 110 °C to convert to Form II. Form Il is anhydrous and melts at approximately 220 °C. Form III crystallizes as a hexahydrate, which reversibly converts to the monohydrate Form III and then to an anhydrous Form III above 120 °C. Anhydrous Form III melts at approximately 200 °C. Form IV crystallized as a hydrous material, which was converted to the anhydrous Form IV above approximately 60 °C, in a reversible process. Form IV appears to be unstable in high humidity conditions (e.g., 90% relative humidity at 25 °C) and slowly converts to Forms I and III. Form IV also undergoes a nonreversible solid–solid phase transition at approximately 180 °C, to form anhydrous Form V. Form V melts at approximately 245 °C. Form VI is observed only in the anhydrous state and melts at approximately 245 °C. The anhydrous nature of Form VI makes this material the most ideal crystalline material for subsequent formulation work.
Elimination of All Charged Residues in the Vicinity of the Active-site Helix of the Disulfide Oxidoreductase DsbA (1997)

Disulfide oxidoreductases are structurally related proteins that share the thioredoxin fold and a catalytic disulfide bond that is located at the N terminus of an alpha-helix. The different redox potentials of these enzymes varying from -270 mV for thioredoxin to -125 mV for DsbA have been attributed to the lowered pKa values of their nucleophilic, active-site cysteines and the difference in thermodynamic stability between their oxidized and reduced forms (DeltaDeltaGox/red). The lowered pKa of the nucleophilic cysteine thiols was proposed to result from favorable interactions with the helix dipole and charged residues in their vicinity. In this study, we have eliminated all charged residues in the neighborhood of the active-site disulfide of DsbA from Escherichia coli to analyze their contribution to the physicochemical properties of the protein. We show that the conserved charge network among residues Glu24, Glu37, and Lys58 stabilizes the oxidized form of DsbA and thus does not cause the high redox potential of the enzyme. The pKa values of the nucleophilic cysteine (Cys30) and the redox potentials of the DsbA variants E24Q, E37Q, K58M, E24Q/K58M, E37Q/K58M, E24Q/E37Q, E24Q/E37Q/K58M, and E24Q/E37Q/E38Q/K58M are similar to those of DsbA wild type. The redox potentials of the variants neither correlate with the Cys30 pKa values nor with the DeltaDeltaGox/red values, demonstrating that the relationship between these parameters is far more complex than previously thought.
Text Classification into Abstract Classes Based on Discourse Structure (2015)

The problem of classifying text with respect to belonging to a document or a meta-document is formulated and its application areas are proposed. An algorithm is proposed for document classification tasks where counts of words is insufficient do differentiate between such abstract classes of text as metalanguage and object-level. We extend the parse tree kernel method from the level of individual sentences towards the level of paragraphs, based on anaphora, rhetoric structure relations and communicative actions linking phrases in different sentences. Tree kernel learning technique is applied to these extended trees to leverage of additional discourse-related information. We evaluate our approach in the domain of action-plan documents.
A majority of mice show long-term expression of a human beta-globin gene after retrovirus transfer into hematopoietic stem cells. (1989)

Murine bone marrow was infected with a high-titer retrovirus vector containing the human beta-globin and neomycin phosphotransferase genes. Anemic W/Wv mice were transplanted with infected marrow which in some cases had been exposed to the selective agent G418. Human beta-globin expression was monitored in transplanted animals by using a monoclonal antibody specific for human beta-globin polypeptide, and hematopoietic reconstitution was monitored by using donor and recipient mice which differed in hemoglobin type. In some experiments all transplanted mice expressed the human beta-globin polypeptide for over 4 months, and up to 50% of peripheral erythrocytes contained detectable levels of polypeptide. DNA analysis of transplanted animals revealed that virtually every myeloid cell contained a provirus. Integration site analysis and reconstitution of secondary marrow recipients suggested that every mouse was reconstituted with at least one infected stem cell which had extensive repopulation capability. The ability to consistently transfer an active beta-globin gene into mouse hematopoietic cells improves the feasibility of using these techniques for somatic cell gene therapy in humans.
Purification of the precursor form of maltose-binding protein, a periplasmic protein of Escherichia coli. (1982)

Cells of Escherichia coli K12 strain MM18 accumulate precursors of various exported proteins when the synthesis of the malE-lacZ hybrid protein is induced by maltose. Starting from a soluble cell extract of this strain, the precursor form of the maltose-binding protein, a periplasmic protein, was purified to homogeneity. The procedure includes affinity chromatography on cross-linked amylose and chromatofocusing. The purified precursor has an intact signal sequence at the NH2 terminus. It is soluble in aqueous buffer probably in monomeric state and is proteolytically processed by the leader peptidase, which was previously purified by Wickner and co-workers as an enzyme that processes M13 phage procoat protein.
Neural Mechanisms of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation and Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia in Ambulatory Canines (2008)

Intermittent rapid left atrial pacing results in sympathetic hyperinnervation, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and paroxysmal atrial tachycardia. Simultaneous sympathovagal discharges are common triggers of these arrhythmias. Cryoablation of extrinsic sympathovagal nerves eliminated paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, which suggests that simultaneous sympathovagal discharges and these arrhythmias are causally related. Because cryoablation only delayed but did not prevent sustained atrial fibrillation, autonomic nerve activity is not the only factor that determines atrial fibrillation maintenance.
Evaluation of chemical oxidizers for hydrogen sulfide control (1988)

Theoretical hydrogen sulfide oxidation reactions are reviewed. Stoichiometric requirements were determined for typical waste water samples. To oxidize 1 g of sulfide in laboratory conditions 2.4, 4.2, and 11.8 g of hydrogen peroxide, chlorine, and potassium permanganate, respectively, were required. First-order kinetics with linear sulfide generation describe the hydrogen sulfide oxidation with hydrogen peroxide. The kinetic constants for sulfide oxidation and in vitro generation are 0.120 min/sup -1/ and 0.38 mg/L x h. Chlorine compound and potassium permanganate oxidation reactions are complete in less than 5 minutes contact time.
Virus-specific memory and effector T lymphocytes exhibit different cytokine responses to antigens during experimental murine respiratory syncytial virus infection (1997)

Mice sensitized to the G (attachment) or F (fusion) glycoproteins of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) expressed different patterns of cytokine production and lung pathology when challenged by intranasal infection with RSV. Five days after challenge, mice sensitized to G glycoprotein produced high levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-5 in the lungs and spleens and developed extensive pulmonary eosinophilia, while mice sensitized to F glycoprotein produced IL-2 and developed a mononuclear cell infiltration. Memory lymphocytes isolated 2 weeks after intranasal challenge of mice primed to the G or F glycoprotein secreted only IL-2 and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) when stimulated with RSV. IL-4 and IL-5 production characteristic of Th2-type effectors in the lung was observed only after multiple rounds of in vitro stimulation of RSV G-specific memory T lymphocytes with antigen. Also IFN-gamma production appeared to play only a minor role in the expression of pulmonary pathology characteristic of Th1 or Th2 T-lymphocyte responses, because mice genetically deficient in IFN-gamma production by gene disruption displayed the same pattern of pulmonary inflammation to RSV infection after priming to RSV F or G as conventional mice. These results suggest that effector T lymphocytes exhibit a different pattern of cytokine production than memory T-lymphocyte precursors precommitted to a Th1 or Th2 pattern of differentiation. Furthermore, these observations raise the possibility that the cytokine response of human memory T lymphocytes after a single exposure to antigen in vitro may not accurately reflect the cytokine response of differentiated effector T lymphocytes at the site of infection in vivo.
Fatty acid transport proteins and insulin resistance (2005)

Any role in the development of insulin resistance is likely to be different for each member of the FATP family. So far, both FATP1 and FATP4 have been associated with parameters related to insulin resistance. Whether increased FATP-mediated fatty acid uptake is beneficial or detrimental may be dependent on the tissue in question and on the subsequent fate of the fatty acids. These issues remain to be resolved.
Random walks for interactive alpha-matting (2005)

Interactive, efficient, methods of foreground extraction and alpha-matting are of increasing practical importance for digital image editing. Although several new approaches to this problem have recently been developed, many challenges remain. We propose a new technique based on random walks that has the following advantages: First, by leveraging a recent technique from manifold learning theory, we effectively use RGB values to set boundaries for the random walker, even in fuzzy or low-contrast images. Second, the algorithm is straightforward to implement, requires specification of only a single free parameter (set the same for all images), and performs the segmentation and alpha-matting in a single step. Third, the user may locally fine tune the results by interactively manipulating the foreground/background maps. Finally, the algorithm has an inherit parallelism that leads to a particularly efficient implementation via the graphics processing unit (GPU). Our method processes a 1024 × 1024 image at the interactive speed of 0.5 seconds and, most importantly, produces highquality results. We show that our algorithm can generate good segmentation and matting results at an interactive rate with minimal user interaction.
Inhibition of acute lung anaphylaxis by aerosolized azelastine in guinea pigs sensitized by three different procedures. (1987)

The influence of aerosolized azelastine on acute lung anaphylaxis in actively sensitized guinea pigs (experimental asthma model) was studied. Azelastine administered as an aerosol produced significant inhibition of acute lung anaphylactic responses, ie, the reduction in dynamic lung compliance and an increase in pulmonary airway resistance. These data showed that regardless of the method of sensitization and time of administration (immediately or 15 minutes before antigen challenge), aerosolized azelastine affords significant protection against acute lung anaphylaxis. The inhibition of acute lung anaphylaxis by aerosolized azelastine in the guinea pig asthma model may be due to (1) inhibition of the synthesis/release of chemical mediators, eg, histamine and leukotrienes, etc and/or (2) antagonism of the pharmacologic mediators at the receptor site in respiratory smooth muscles.
Forkhead Box M1B Transcriptional Activity Requires Binding of Cdk-Cyclin Complexes for Phosphorylation-Dependent Recruitment of p300/CBP Coactivators (2004)

Previous liver regeneration studies demonstrated that the mouse forkhead box M1B (FoxM1B) transcription factor regulates hepatocyte proliferation through expression of cell cycle genes that stimulate cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2) and Cdk1 activity. In this study, we demonstrated that disruption of the FoxM1B Cdk1/2 phosphorylation site at Thr residue 596 significantly reduced both FoxM1B transcriptional activity and Cdk phosphorylation of the FoxM1B T596A mutant protein in vivo. Retention of this FoxM1B 596 Cdk phosphorylation site was found to be essential for recruiting the histone acetyltransferase CREB binding protein (CBP) to the FoxM1B transcriptional activation domain. Consistent with these findings, dominant negative Cdk1 protein significantly reduced FoxM1B transcriptional activity and inhibited FoxM1B recruitment of the CBP coactivator protein. Likewise, Cdc25B-mediated stimulation of Cdk activity together with elevated levels of the CBP coactivator protein provided a 6.2-fold synergistic increase in FoxM1B transcriptional activity. Furthermore, mutation of the FoxM1B Leu 641 residue within an LXL motif (residues 639 to 641) inhibited recruitment of Cdk-cyclin complexes and caused significant reduction in both FoxM1B transcriptional activity and in vivo Cdk phosphorylation of the FoxM1B Thr 596 residue. We demonstrated that FoxM1B transcriptional activity requires binding of either S-phase or M-phase Cdk-cyclin complexes to mediate efficient Cdk phosphorylation of the FoxM1B Thr 596 residue, which is essential for recruitment of p300/CBP coactivator proteins.
The First Optically Active and Sterically Regular Poly(1,1‘-bi-2-naphthol)s:  Precursors to a New Generation of Polymeric Catalysts (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTThe First Optically Active and Sterically Regular Poly(1,1'-bi-2-naphthol)s: Precursors to a New Generation of Polymeric CatalystsQiao-Sheng Hu, Xiao-Fan Zheng, and Lin PuView Author Information Center for Main Group Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 16, 5200–5201Publication Date (Web):August 9, 1996Publication History Received13 May 1996Published online9 August 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9608634https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9608634rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views459Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aluminum,Anions,Catalysts,Catalytic activity,Polymers Get e-Alerts