gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection/re-infection: development of a protective HCMV vaccine. (2019)

In recent years, one of the main objectives in the field of medical virology has been the development of a human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) vaccine that can prevent congenital HCMV infection in the offspring of pregnant women as well as systemic and end-organ disease in immunocompromised (AIDS and transplanted) patients. Major obstacles to the development of an efficacious HCMV vaccine are lack of protection provided by immune memory cells against HCMV re-activation (replication relapse of a latent strain following primary infection) and HCMV re-infection (infection of a seropositive individual by a new virus strain). Thus, while initial efforts were directed at the development of a vaccine for the prevention of primary infection, in the last decade the primary vaccine development endpoint was the prevention of primary HCMV infection, as well as HCMV re-activation and re-infection. Along this line of research, both HCMV live (including Towne, AD169 and its derivatives, Towne/Toledo chimeras, Viral-Vectored vaccines, and Virus Replicon Particles) and non-living vaccines (including the recombinant gB subunit, DNA- and RNA-based vaccines, Virus-like particles, Dense bodies, Peptide vaccines, and the Pentamer Complex) have been developed. To date, Phase I, II, and III clinical trials have been variably conducted in humans, and experimental inoculation in different animal models has been performed with different vaccine formulations. Notwithstanding the variable research conditions, clinical and experimental results achieved thus far predict that the ideal HCMV vaccine should be able to elicit both robust humoral (both neutralizing and binding) and HCMV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses. This vaccine should hypothetically contain: 1) gB, inducing both humoral and T-cell responses; 2) the pentameric complex (PC), inducing the most potent neutralizing antibody response; 3) pp65, inducing the most potent HCMV-specific T-cell response. Although the protective role of cell-mediated immunity has been repeatedly documented, while the protective effect of (mostly neutralizing) antibodies remains partly to be documented, a vaccine stimulating both arms of the immune response would likely confer the highest level of protection against HCMV infection/disease in both HCMV-seronegative and -seropositive individuals.
Authenticated hash tables (2008)

Hash tables are fundamental data structures that optimally answer membership queries. Suppose a client stores n elements in a hash table that is outsourced at a remote server so that the client can save space or achieve load balancing. Authenticating the hash table functionality, i.e., verifying the correctness of queries answered by the server and ensuring the integrity of the stored data, is crucial because the server, lying outside the administrative control of the client, can be malicious.
In Vivo Diagnostic and Therapeutic Uses of Monoclonal Antibodies in Cardiology (1986)

Antibodies, long used as discriminating tools in immunoassay, are now being used in vivo, both in diagnosis and therapy. In cardiovascular medicine, applications that have reached the stage of clinical trial include the reversal of digitalis intoxication by digoxin-specific antibodies and the imaging of cardiac necrosis with monoclonal myosin-specific antibodies. An exciting future prospect, still in an early experimental stage, is the application of fibrin-specific monoclonal antibodies to both the visualization of thrombi and emboli and the targeting of fibrinolytic agents.
Detection of 11q13 rearrangements in hematologic neoplasias by double- color fluorescence in situ hybridization (1996)

Rearrangements within the chromosome 11q13 region are frequent in hematologic malignancies. 50% of 75% of mantle cell lymphomas (MCLs) carry a translocation t(11;14) (q13;q32). Using Southern blot analysis, a BCL1 breakpoint can be detected in approximately 50% of MCLs. It is not known whether other MCLs harbor also breakpoints at 11q13. Breakpoints in this region not involved in t(11;14), are detected in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia. To detect and localize breakpoints at 11q13 more accurately, we have developed fluorescence in situ hybridization using two probe sets of differently labeled cosmids, symmetrically localized at either side of the major translocation cluster of BCL1. These probes span a region of 450 to 750 kb. We applied this assay to a series of hematologic malignancies with 11q13 abnormalities identified by classical cytogenetics. All four samples with a t(11;14) (q13;q32) showed dissociation of the differently colored signals in metaphase and interphase cells, thereby indicating a chromosomal break in the region defined by the probe sets. The frequency of abnormal metaphase and interphase cells was comparable with that observed in any of the 13 malignancies with other chromosomal 11q13 abnormalities, indicating that these chromosomal breaks occurred outside the 450- to 750-kb region covered by the probes. One patient showed triplication and one patient showed monoallelic loss of this region. The current data show that double-color fluorescence in situ hybridization is a simple and reliable method for detection of the t(11;14)(q13;q32) in interphase cell nuclei and that is can be used to distinguish this translocation from other 11q13 rearrangements in hematologic malignancies.
Non-Invasive Continuous Glucose Monitoring with Multi-Sensor Systems: A Monte Carlo-Based Methodology for Assessing Calibration Robustness (2013)

In diabetes research, non-invasive continuous glucose monitoring (NI-CGM) devices represent a new and appealing frontier. In the last years, some multi-sensor devices for NI-CGM have been proposed, which exploit several sensors measuring phenomena of different nature, not only for measuring glucose related signals, but also signals reflecting some possible perturbing processes (temperature, blood perfusion). Estimation of glucose levels is then obtained combining these signals through a mathematical model which requires an initial calibration step exploiting one reference blood glucose (RBG) sample. Even if promising results have been obtained, especially in hospitalized volunteers, at present the temporal accuracy of NI-CGM sensors may suffer because of environmental and physiological interferences. The aim of this work is to develop a general methodology, based on Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, to assess the robustness of the calibration step used by NI-CGM devices against these disturbances. The proposed methodology is illustrated considering two examples: the first concerns the possible detrimental influence of sweat events, while the second deals with calibration scheduling. For implementing both examples, 45 datasets collected by the Solianis Multisensor system are considered. In the first example, the MC methodology suggests that no further calibration adjustments are needed after the occurrence of sweat events, because the "Multisensor+model" system is able to deal with the disturbance. The second case study shows how to identify the best time interval to update the model's calibration for improving the accuracy of the estimated glucose. The methodology proposed in this work is of general applicability and can be helpful in making those incremental steps in NI-CGM devices development needed to further improve their performance.
Myc stimulates B lymphocyte differentiation and amplifies calcium signaling (2007)

Deregulated expression of the Myc family of transcription factors (c-, N-, and L-myc) contributes to the development of many cancers by a mechanism believed to involve the stimulation of cell proliferation and inhibition of differentiation. However, using B cell-specific c-/N-myc double-knockout mice and E(mu)-myc transgenic mice bred onto genetic backgrounds (recombinase-activating gene 2-/- and Btk-/- Tec-/-) whereby B cell development is arrested, we show that Myc is necessary to stimulate both proliferation and differentiation in primary B cells. Moreover, Myc expression results in sustained increases in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i), which is required for Myc to stimulate B cell proliferation and differentiation. The increase in [Ca2+]i correlates with constitutive nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) nuclear translocation, reduced Ca2+ efflux, and decreased expression of the plasma membrane Ca2+-adenosine triphosphatase (PMCA) efflux pump. Our findings demonstrate a revised model whereby Myc promotes both proliferation and differentiation, in part by a remarkable mechanism whereby Myc amplifies Ca2+ signals, thereby enabling the concurrent expression of Myc- and Ca2+-regulated target genes.
Biochemical principle of Limulus test for detecting bacterial endotoxins (2007)

A hemocyte lysate from horseshoe crab (Limulus) produced a gel, when exposed to Gram-negative bacterial endotoxins, lipopolysaccharides (LPS). This gelation reaction of the lysate, so-called Limulus test, has been widely employed as a simple and very sensitive assay method for endotoxins. Recent biochemical studies on the principle of Limulus test indicate that the hemocytes contain several serine protease zymogens, which constitute a coagulation cascade triggered by endotoxins, and that there is a (1,3)-β-D-glucan-mediated coagulation pathway which also results in the formation of gel. Up to now, six protein components, designated coagulogen, proclotting enzyme, factor B, factor C, and factor G, all of which are closely associated with the endotoxin-mediated coagulation pathway, have been purified and biochemically characterized. The molecular structures of these proteins have also been elucidated. Moreover, the reconstitution experiments using the isolated clotting factors, factor C, factor B, proclotting enzyme and coagulogen in the presence of endotoxin, leads to the formation of coagulin gel. Here, I will focus on the biochemical principle of Limulus test for detecting bacterial endotoxins, and its activation and regulation mechanism on the LPS-mediated coagulation cascade.
Synthesis of 4-cyano-4'-halobiphenyls (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 4-cyano-4'-halobiphenylsJ. M. McNamara and W. B. GleasonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 6, 1071Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00868a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00868a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views325Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Direct Observation of a Long-Lived Single-Atom Catalyst Chiseling Atomic Structures in Graphene (2014)

Fabricating stable functional devices at the atomic scale is an ultimate goal of nanotechnology. In biological processes, such high-precision operations are accomplished by enzymes. A counterpart molecular catalyst that binds to a solid-state substrate would be highly desirable. Here, we report the direct observation of single Si adatoms catalyzing the dissociation of carbon atoms from graphene in an aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). The single Si atom provides a catalytic wedge for energetic electrons to chisel off the graphene lattice, atom by atom, while the Si atom itself is not consumed. The products of the chiseling process are atomic-scale features including graphene pores and clean edges. Our experimental observations and first-principles calculations demonstrated the dynamics, stability, and selectivity of such a single-atom chisel, which opens up the possibility of fabricating certain stable molecular devices by precise modification of materials at the atomic scale.
L-Selectin Serves as an E-Selectin Ligand on Cultured Human T Lymphoblasts (2002)

Previous studies reported that L-selectin (CD62L) on human peripheral blood neutrophils serves as an E-selectin ligand. This study shows that CD62L acquired E-selectin-binding activity following phorbol ester (PMA) treatment of the Jurkat T cell line and anti-CD3/IL-2-driven proliferation of human T lymphocytes in vitro. The recombinant porcine E-selectin/human Ig chimera P11.4 showed neuraminidase-sensitive and calcium-dependent attachment to PMA-stimulated human Jurkat T cells in a flow cytometry assay. The anti-CD62L mAb (DREG 56) blocked this binding interaction by approximately 60% and P11.4 precipitated CD62L from detergent lysates of PMA-activated Jurkat cells. In contrast, P11.4 precipitated minimal amounts of CD62L from detergent lysates of nonactivated human PBL. As reported previously, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 and a distinct 130-kDa glycoprotein were the major species in these precipitates. However, T cell activation on plate-immobilized anti-CD3 and growth in low-dose IL-2 increased the percentage of CD62L molecules with E-selectin-binding activity. After two cycles of activation and culture, approximately 60-70% of the CD62L was precipitated with the P11.4 chimera. These cultured T lymphoblasts rolled avidly on both E-selectin and P-selectin at physiologic levels of linear shear stress. The DREG 56 Ab partially blocked rolling on the E-selectin substrate, whereas no effect was seen on P-selectin. Thus, CD62L on human cultured T lymphoblasts is one of several glycoproteins that interacts directly with E-selectin and contributes to rolling under flow.
Angiogenesis Assays: A Critical Overview (2003)

Abstract Background: Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is an integral part of both normal developmental processes and numerous pathologies, ranging from tumor growth and metastasis to inflammation and ocular disease. Angiogenesis assays are used to test efficacy of both pro- and antiangiogenic agents. Methods: Most studies of angiogenesis inducers and inhibitors rely on various models, both in vitro and in vivo, as indicators of efficacy. In this report we describe the principal methods now in use: the in vivo Matrigel plug and corneal neovascularization assays, the in vivo/in vitro chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, and the in vitro cellular (proliferation, migration, tube formation) and organotypic (aortic ring) assays. We include description of two new methods, the chick aortic arch and the Matrigel sponge assays. Conclusions: In vitro tests are valuable, can be carried out expeditiously, and lend themselves to quantification, but must be interpreted with extreme caution. In vitro tests are best viewed as providing initial information, subject to confirmation by in vivo assays. Multiple tests should be used to obtain maximum benefit from in vitro tests. In vivo tests are more difficult and time-consuming to perform, thereby limiting the number of tests that can run at any one time. Quantification is generally more difficult as well. However, in vivo assays are essential because of the complex nature of vascular responses to test reagents, responses that no in vitro model can fully achieve.
Correlation of EGFR and COX-2 and their application in tumor (2008)

Cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)over-express in many tumor cells and correlate in some degree. Studies show that COX-2 and EGFR can be activated by each other. The effect is better to combine COX-2 inhibitor with EGFR inhibitor in tumor therapy.

Key words: 
Receptor,epidermal growth factor;  Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase;  Neoplasms
Growth of human bronchial epithelial cells at an air-liquid interface alters the response to particle exposure (2013)

We conclude that growth of NHBE cells at ALI is associated with a diminished biological effect following particle exposure relative to cells submerged in media. This decreased response showed an association with increased oxygen availability.
Analysis of Fuel Cell Operation Characteristics Using Equivalent Models (1995)

Fuel cell system generates DC power by electrochemical reaction. For the system design and analysis, it is necessary to obtain equivalent models. Several electrical models are proposed for the modelling of the stack. Then using the electrical model of the stack, the fuel cell system whose power is boosted by the step up chopper is analyzed for the operation of the system and design of the interface circuit. The analysis results indicate that the linear model can be used for the simulation with reasonable accuracy.
Generation of a highly stable, internalizing anti‐CD22 single‐chain Fv fragment for targeting non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (2003)

The generation of a single chain Fv (scFv) fragment derived from the anti-CD22 monoclonal antibody LL2 resulted in a molecule with good antigen binding but very poor stability properties, thus hampering its clinical applicability. Here we report on the construction of an engineered LL2 scFv fragment by rational mutagenesis. The contribution of uncommon wild-type sequence residues for providing stability to the conserved common core structure of immunoglobulins was examined. Aided by computer homology modeling, 3 destabilizing residues within the core of the wild-type VH domain were identified. Owing to the conserved nature of the buried core structure, mutagenesis of these sites to respective consensus residues markedly stabilized the molecule but did not influence its antigen binding properties: the engineered scFv MJ-7 exhibited exceptional biophysical stability with a half-life not reached after 6 days of incubation in human serum at 37 degrees C, while fully retaining the epitope specificity of the monoclonal antibody, and antigen binding affinity of the wild-type scFv. Furthermore, both the monoclonal antibody LL2 and the engineered scFv fragment became fully internalized after only 30 min of incubation at 37 degrees C with CD22+ tumor cells. These properties predict scFv MJ-7 could become a novel powerful tool to selectively deliver cytotoxic agents to malignant CD22+ cells.
A Concise and Flexible Synthesis of the Potent Anti‐Influenza Agents Tamiflu and Tamiphosphor (2008)

Tamiflu and the highly potent neuraminidase inhibitor tamiphosphor have been synthesized in 11 steps and greater than 20 % overall yields from an haloarene (1S,2S)-cis-diol. The key transformations include a regio- and stereoselective bromoamidation, and a palladium-catalyzed carbonylation or phosphonylation reaction (see scheme; tamiflu: A=CO2Et, B=NH3+H2PO4−, tamiphosphor: A=PO(ONH4)2, B=NH2).
Four-port integrated polarizing beam splitter (2014)

In this Letter, we report on the first integrated four-port polarizing beam splitter. The device operates on the principle of mode evolution and was implemented in a silicon-on-insulator silicon photonics platform and fabricated on a 300 mm CMOS line using 193 nm optical immersion lithography. The adiabatic transition forming of the structure enabled over a 150 nm bandwidth from λ~1350 to λ~1500 nm, achieving a cross-talk level below -10 dB over the entire band.
High Resolution Capillary Electrophoresis of Carbon Nanotubes (2002)

Purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes by capillary electrophoresis (CE) is demonstrated. Real-time Raman spectroscopy of the separation process and single-wavelength UV/vis detection show the ability of CE to provide high-resolution separations of nanotube fractions with baseline separation. AFM images of collected fractions demonstrate that separations are based on tube length. The separation method is suggested to be based on alignment of the nanotubes along the separation field.
Ethylene and Wound-Induced Gene Expression in the Preclimacteric Phase of Ripening Avocado Fruit and Mesocarp Discs (1993)

Whereas intact postharvest avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruit may take 1 or more weeks to ripen, ripening is hastened by pulsing fruit for 24 h with ethylene or propylene and is initiated promptly by cutting slices, or discs, of mesocarp tissue. Because the preclimacteric lag period constitutes the extended and variable component of the ripening syndrome, we postulated that selective gene expression during the lag period leads to the triggering of the climacteric. Accordingly, we sought to identify genes that are expressed gradually in the course of the lag period in intact fruit, are turned on sooner in response to a pulse, and are induced promptly in response to wounding (i.e. slicing). To this end, a mixed cDNA library was constructed from mRNA from untreated fruit, pulsed fruit, and aged slices, and the library was screened for genes induced by wounding or by pulsing and/or wounding. The time course of induction of genes encoding selected clones was established by probing northern blots of mRNA from tissues variously treated over a period of time. Four previously identified ripening-associated genes encoding cellulase, polygalacturonase (PG), cytochrome P-450 oxidase (P-450), and ethylene-forming enzyme (EFE, or 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase), respectively, were studied in the same way. Whereas cellulase, PG, and EFE were ruled out as having a role in the initiation of the climacteric, the time course of P-450 induction, as well as the response of same to pulsing and wounding met the criteria[mdash]together with several clones from the mixed library[mdash]for a gene potentially involved in preclimacteric events leading to the onset of the climacteric. Further, it was established that the continuous presence of ethylene is required for persisting induction, and it is suggested that in selected cases wounding may exert a synergistic effect on ethylene action.