gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An improved method for double-sided moulding of PDMS (2008)

We describe a special moulding technology of PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane), referred to here as double-sided moulding of PDMS. This technology enables the moulding of PDMS between two master structures and with it the possibility of generating coplanar surfaces. Moreover, it allows the moulding of PDMS with a defined intermediate membrane layer thickness. This makes double-sided moulding of PDMS an advantageous technology applicable in the fields of microtechnology, particularly in microfluidics and microoptics. Depending on the application, the master structures used in this process can be patterned or non-patterned. Furthermore, we present a post-process step that enables the removal of PDMS residues, which still remain after demoulding due to capillary forces. This step is able to provide through-hole structures in a single PDMS layer. Eventually we show some application possibilities.
You Can't Take it with You: An Examination of Employee Benefit Portability and its Relationship to Job Lock and the New Psychological Contract (2001)

Increasingly, scholars have been calling for new employment policies and benefit delivery systems that are more in sync with our modern economy and employment relationships. This article explores the regime of employer-sponsored benefits and investigates those areas where benefit portability stands as a barrier to worker mobility, thus leading many workers to become “job-locked.” Beginning with an explanation of the changing terms of the psychological contract in the American workplace, this article explores its implications for employee benefit portability and the problem of job lock. Partly in response to, and partly independent of the job lock problem, legislators and employers have implemented changes over the last several decades that have had the overall effect of increasing employee benefit portability. This article probes the extent of those accomplishments, and identifies those areas that still remain to be adequately addressed. Finally, this article discusses possible solutions to the job lock problem, along with their associated costs and implications for the broader system of benefits.
Selectin of encephalitogenic rat T‐Lymphocyte clones recognizing an immunodominant epitope on myelin basic protein (1989)

Using the soft agar-cloning technique, we isolated 13 T-cell clones from guinea pig basic protein (GP-BP)-specific T-cell lines derived from Lewis rats. The clonal frequency was approximately 2.5 x 10(-5). Each of these clones had a similar but not identical pattern of response to a battery of synthetic peptides representing overlapping epitopes in the encephalitogenic region for Lewis rats (69-89 sequence). All clones responded to the minimal encephalitogenic sequence (residues 72-84) restricted by I-A but not I-E molecules, and all transferred clinical experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction to naive rats. Phenotypically, the clones were W3/13+ (total T), W3/25+ (T helper), and OX-22+ (DTH associated). This report demonstrates for the first time the applicability of the soft agar-cloning technique for obtaining encephalitogenic T-cell clones. The exclusive recovery of 72-84-specific T-cell clones after only two rounds of stimulation with GP-BP indicates the immunodominance of this epitope and the power of the line selection technique for obtaining encephalitogenic T-cell specificities.
Cloning of mouse integrin alphaV cDNA and role of the alphaV-related matrix receptors in metanephric development. (1996)

Metanephrogenesis has been a long-standing model to study cell-matrix interactions. A number of adhesion molecules, including matrix receptors (i.e., integrins), are believed to be involved in such interactions. The integrins contain alpha and beta s ubunits and are present in various tissues in different heterodimeric forms. In this study, one of the members of the integrin superfamily, alphaV, was characterized, and its relevance in murine nephrogenesis was investigated. Mouse embryonic renal cDNA libraries were prepared and screened for alphaV, and multiple clones were isolated and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence of the alpha-v cDNA clones and hydropathic analysis revealed that it has a typical signal sequence and extracellular, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic domains, with multiple Ca2+ binding sites. No A(U)nA mRNA instability motifs were present. Conformational analysis revealed no rigid long-range-ordered structure in murine alphaV. The alphaV was expressed in the embryonic kidney at day 13 of the gestation, with a transcript size of approximately 7 kb. Its expression increased progressively during the later gestational stages and in the neonatal period. It was distributed in the epithelial elements of developing nephrons and was absent in the uninduced mesenchyme. In mature metanephroi, the expression was relatively high in the glomeruli and blood vessels, as compared to the tubules. Various heterodimeric associations of alphaV, i.e., with beta1, beta3, beta5, and beta6, were observed in metanephric tissues. Inclusion of alphaV-antisense-oligodeoxynucleotide or -antibody in metanephric culture induced dysmorphogenesis of the kidney with reduced population of the nephrons, disorganization of the ureteric bud branches, and reduction of mRNA and protein expressions of alphaV. The expressions of integrin beta3, beta5, and beta6 were unaltered. These findings suggest that the integrin alphaV is developmentally regulated, has a distinct spatio-temporal expression, and is relevant in the mammalian organogenesis.
PRECOG: PREdiction Conditioned on Goals in Visual Multi-Agent Settings (2019)

For autonomous vehicles (AVs) to behave appropriately on roads populated by human-driven vehicles, they must be able to reason about the uncertain intentions and decisions of other drivers from rich perceptual information. Towards these capabilities, we present a probabilistic forecasting model of future interactions between a variable number of agents. We perform both standard forecasting and the novel task of conditional forecasting, which reasons about how all agents will likely respond to the goal of a controlled agent (here, the AV). We train models on real and simulated data to forecast vehicle trajectories given past positions and LIDAR. Our evaluation shows that our model is substantially more accurate in multi-agent driving scenarios compared to existing state-of-the-art. Beyond its general ability to perform conditional forecasting queries, we show that our model's predictions of all agents improve when conditioned on knowledge of the AV's goal, further illustrating its capability to model agent interactions.
Massively parallel detection of gene expression in single cells using subnanolitre wells (2010)

The relationship between the expression of particular genes in cells and their impact on phenotypic characteristics is important for understanding how cells regulate responses to their environment. We have developed a microwell-based method to detect copies of mRNA transcripts directly from individual cells by one-step, single-cell, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Our approach permits the detection of mRNA transcripts of interest for more than 6000 single cells in parallel per assay with high sensitivity and specificity for constitutively active genes. This simple method was also combined with microengraving and image-based cytometry to examine the relationships between gene expression and cellular secretion of antibodies in a clonal population. We observed that most individual human B cell hybridomas transcribed a requisite gene for their antibodies, but only a subset of those cells secreted the antibody. The technique should also allow the detection of replicating intracellular pathogens such as retroviruses.
Ligand-regulated Internalization, Trafficking, and Down-regulation of Guanylyl Cyclase/Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Receptor-A in Human Embryonic Kidney 293 Cells (2002)

We examined the kinetics of internalization, trafficking, and down-regulation of recombinant guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPRA) utilizing stably transfected 293 cells expressing a very high density of receptors. After atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) binding to NPRA, ligand-receptor complexes are internalized, processed intracellularly, and sequestered into subcellular compartments, which provided an approach to examining directly the dynamics of metabolic turnover of NPRA in intact cells. The translocation of ligand-receptor complexes from cell surface to intracellular compartments seems to be linked to ANP-dependent down-regulation of NPRA. Using tryptic proteolysis of cell surface receptors, it was found that approximately 40-50% of internalized ligand-receptor complexes recycled back to the plasma membrane with an apparent t(12) = 8 min. The recycling of NPRA was blocked by the lysosomotropic agent chloroquine, the energy depleter dinitrophenol, and also by low temperature, suggesting that recycling of the receptor is an energy- and temperature-dependent process. Data suggest that approximately 70-80% of internalized (125)I-ANP is processed through a lysosomal degradative pathway; however, 20-25% of internalized ligand is released intact into the cell exterior through an alternative mechanism involving an chloroquine-insensitive pathway. It is implied that internalization and processing of bound ANP-NPRA complexes may play an important role in mediating the biological action of hormone and the receptor protein. In retrospect, this could occur at the level of receptor regulation or through the initiation of ANP mediated signals. It is envisioned that the endocytotic pathway of ligand-receptor complexes of ANP-NPRA would lead to termination and/or diminished responsiveness of ANP in target cells.
The Synthesis and Proton Resonance Study of the Solution Equilibria of Bis(β-ketoamino) nickel(II) Complexes (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis and Proton Resonance Study of the Solution Equilibria of Bis(β-ketoamino) nickel(II) ComplexesG. W. Everett Jr. and R. H. HolmCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 10, 2117–2127Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01088a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01088a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views550Altmetric-Citations75LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Determinants of Lesion Size During Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation: The Role of Electrode‐Tissue Contact Pressure and Duration of Energy Delivery (1991)

Determinants of Radiofrequency Lesion Size. Introduction: Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation is a promising modality in the management of cardiac arrhythmias, but the optimum protocol for energy delivery has not yet been determined. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of varying electrode‐tissue contact pressure and varying duration of RF energy delivery on the size of the resultant lesion in an in vitro model of isolated perfused and superfused canine myocardium. Methods and Results: RF power (500 kHz) was delivered through the tip of a specially‐designed thermistor‐tipped 1.6‐mm diameter electrode mounted on an adjustable fulcrum so that contact force could be varied. RF power was adjusted to maintain a constant electrode‐tissue interface temperature of 80°C during lesion production. Seventy‐nine lesions were created with a 90‐second RF energy delivery, and a contact force that was varied between 0 and 400 newtons (N) (0‐41 g). Lesions produced with a small contact force (10 N) were significantly larger than those with a contact force of zero (width 5.5 mm vs 3.8 mm, P &lt;0.0002), but not significantly different from those produced with the maximum contact force of 400 N (width 6.5 mm, P = NS). However, the greater contact force significantly decreased the power required to maintain a constant electrode‐tissue interface temperature. Ninety‐six lesions were then created using a constant contact force, but duration of energy delivery was varied from 10 to 600 seconds. Lesion size grew monoexponentially with time. The t 1/2 of lesion growth was 7.6 and 9.6 seconds for depth and width, respectively. Conclusion: Thus, close electrode‐tissue contact is essential for adequate lesion formation during RF ablation of myocardium, but increasing contact force does not significantly increase lesion size if power is adjusted to maintain a constant electrode‐tissue interface temperature. In order to approach steady‐state and maximize lesion size, duration of RF energy delivery should be at least 40 seconds.
Molecular events associated with trisomy of chromosome 7 in mouse skin chemical carcinogenesis (1991)

The primary objective of this study has been to investigate the effects at the molecular level of trisomy of mouse chromosome 7 in chemically induced skin tumors. It was previously proposed that the initiation event in the mouse skin carcinogenesis model is a heterozygous mutation of the Ha-ras-1 gene, mapped to chromosome 7. Previous studies in this laboratory identified trisomy 7 as one of the primary nonrandom cytogenetic abnormalities found in the majority of severely dysplastic papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas induced in SENCAR mice by an initiation-promotion protocol. Therefore, the first hypothesis tested was that trisomy 7 occurs by specific duplication of the chromosome carrying a mutated Ha-ras-1 allele. Results of a quantitative analysis of normal/mutated allelic ratios of the Ha-ras-1 gene confirmed this hypothesis, showing that most of the tumors exhibited overrepresentation of the mutated allele in the form of 1/2, 0/3, and 0/2 (normal/mutated) ratios. In addition, histopathological analysis of the tumors showed an apparent association between the degree of malignancy and the dosage of the mutated Ha-ras-1 allele. To determine the mechanism for loss of the normal Ha-ras-1 allele, found in 30% of the tumors, a comparison of constitutional and tumor genotypes was performed at different informative loci of chromosome 7. By combining Southern blot and polymerase chain reaction fragment length polymorphism analyses of DNAs extracted from squamous cell carcinomas, complete loss of heterozygosity was detected in 15 of 20 tumors at the Hbb locus, and in 5 of 5 tumors at the int-2 locus, both distal to Ha-ras-1. In addition, polymerase chain reaction analysis of DNA extracted from papillomas indicated that loss of heterozygosity occurs in late-stage lesions exhibiting a high degree of dysplasia and areas of microinvasion, suggesting that this event may be associated to the acquisition of the malignant phenotype. Allelic dosage analysis of tumors that had become homozygous at Hbb but retained heterozygosis at Ha-ras-1, indicated that loss of heterozygosity on mouse chromosome 7 occurs by a mitotic recombination mechanism. Overall, these findings suggest the presence of a putative tumor suppressor locus on the 7F1-ter region of mouse chromosome 7. Thus, loss of function by homozygosis at this putative suppressor locus may complement activation of the Ha-ras-1 gene during tumor progression, and might be associated with the malignant conversion stage of mouse skin carcinogenesis.
The validity of the clinical signs and symptoms used to identify localized chronic wound infection (2001)

It is uncertain how accurately classic signs of acute infection identify infection in chronic wounds, or if the signs of infection specific to secondary wounds are better indicators of infection in these wounds. The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of the "classic" signs (i.e., pain, erythema, edema, heat, and purulence) and the signs specific to secondary wounds (i.e., serous exudate, delayed healing, discoloration of granulation tissue, friable granulation tissue, pocketing at the base of the wound, foul odor, and wound breakdown). Thirty-six chronic wounds were assessed for these signs and symptoms of infection with interobserver reliability ranging from 0.53 to 1.00. The wounds were then quantitatively cultured, and 11 (31%) were found to be infected. Increasing pain, friable granulation tissue, foul odor, and wound breakdown showed validity based on sensitivity, specificity, discriminatory power, and positive predictive values. The signs specific to secondary wounds were better indicators of chronic wound infection than the classic signs with a mean sensitivity of 0.62 and 0.38, respectively. None of the signs or symptoms was a necessary indicator of infection, but increasing pain and wound breakdown were both sufficient indicators with specificity of 100%.
Solvent resistant nanofiltration: separating on a molecular level (2007)

Over the past decade, solvent resistant nanofiltration (SRNF) has gained a lot of attention, as it is a promising energy- and waste-efficient unit process to separate mixtures down to a molecular level. This critical review focuses on all aspects related to this new burgeoning technology, occasionally also including literature obtained on aqueous applications or related membrane processes, if of relevance to understand SRNF better. An overview of the different membrane materials and the methods to turn them into suitable SRNF-membranes will be given first. The membrane transport mechanism and its modelling will receive attention in order to understand the process and the reported membrane performances better. Finally, all SRNF-applications reported so far - in food chemistry, petrochemistry, catalysis, pharmaceutical manufacturing - will be reviewed exhaustively (324 references).
A 25 kDa α2‐microglobulin‐related protein is a component of the 125 kDa form of human gelatinase (1992)

Besides the monomeric mammalian 95 kDa progelatinase, two additional forms, a disulfide-bridged 220 kDa dimer and a 125 kDa form were isolated from human PMN leukocytes. The 125 kDa progelatinase was identified as a covalently linked, disulfide-bridged heterodimer formed of the monomer with a 25 kDa protein. This 25 kDa protein was isolated from gelatinase bound to the affinity support of gelatin-Sepharose and eluted by DTE-containing buffer. The amino acid sequence of tryptic peptides of this protein revealed homology with an alpha 2-microglobulin-related protein from rats, a protein so far unknown in humans.
Basic-Zipper-Type Transcription Factor FlbB Controls Asexual Development in Aspergillus nidulans (2007)

The fungal colony is a complex multicellular unit consisting of various cell types and functions. Asexual spore formation (conidiation) is integrated through sensory and regulatory elements into the general morphogenetic plan, in which the activation of the transcription factor BrlA is the first determining step. A number of early regulatory elements acting upstream of BrlA (fluG and flbA-E) have been identified, but their functional relations remain to be further investigated. In this report we describe FlbB as a putative basic-zipper-type transcription factor restricted to filamentous fungi. FlbB accumulates at the hyphal apex during early vegetative growth but is later found in apical nuclei, suggesting that an activating modification triggers nuclear import. Moreover, proper temporal and quantitative expression of FlbB is a prerequisite for brlA transcription, and misscheduled overexpression inhibits conidiation. We also present evidence that FlbB activation results in the production of a second diffusible signal, acting downstream from the FluG factor, to induce conidiation.
?-Catenin and BMP-2 synergize to promote osteoblast differentiation and new bone formation (2004)

Mutations of critical components of the Wnt pathway profoundly affect skeletal development and maintenance, probably via modulation of beta-catenin signaling. We tested the hypothesis that beta-catenin is involved in mesenchymal lineage allocation to osteogenic cells using a beta-catenin mutant with constitutive transcriptional activity (DeltaN151). Although this stable beta-catenin had no effects by itself on osteogenic differentiation of multipotent embryonic cell lines, it synergized with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) resulting in dramatic stimulation of alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin gene expression, and matrix mineralization. Likewise, DeltaN151 and BMP-2 synergistically stimulated new bone formation after subperiosteal injection in mouse calvaria in vivo. Conversely, DeltaN151 prevented adipogenic differentiation from pre-adipocytic or uncommitted mesenchymal cells in vitro. Intriguingly, the synergism with BMP-2 on gene transcription occurred without altering expression of Cbfa1/Runx2, suggesting actions independent or downstream of this osteoblast-specific transcription factor. Thus, beta-catenin directs osteogenic lineage allocation by enhancing mesenchymal cell responsiveness to osteogenic factors, such as BMP-2, in part via Tcf/Lef dependent mechanisms. In vivo, this synergism leads to increased new bone formation.
A Conserved Dileucine-Containing Motif in p6 gag Governs the Particle Association of Vpx and Vpr of Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses SIV mac and SIV agm (1999)

Vpr is a small accessory protein of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV) that is specifically incorporated into virions. Members of the HIV-2/SIV(sm)/SIV(mac) lineage of primate lentiviruses also incorporate a related protein designated Vpx. We previously identified a highly conserved L-X-X-L-F sequence near the C terminus of the p6 domain of the Gag precursor as the major virion association motif for HIV-1 Vpr. In the present study, we show that a different leucine-containing motif (D-X-A-X-X-L-L) in the N-terminal half of p6(gag) is required for the incorporation of SIV(mac) Vpx. Similarly, the uptake of SIV(mac) Vpr depended primarily on the D-X-A-X-X-L-L motif. SIV(mac) Vpr was unstable when expressed alone, but its intracellular steady-state levels increased significantly in the presence of wild-type Gag or of the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin. Collectively, our results indicate that the interaction with the Gag precursor via the D-X-A-X-X-L-L motif diverts SIV(mac) Vpr away from the proteasome-degradative pathway. While absent from HIV-1 p6(gag), the D-X-A-X-X-L-L motif is conserved in both the HIV-2/SIV(sm)/SIV(mac) and SIV(agm) lineages of primate lentiviruses. We found that the incorporation of SIV(agm) Vpr, like that of SIV(mac) Vpx, is absolutely dependent on the D-X-A-X-X-L-L motif, while the L-X-X-L-F motif used by HIV-1 Vpr is dispensable. The similar requirements for the incorporation of SIV(mac) Vpx and SIV(agm) Vpr provide support for their proposed common ancestry.