gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using CD40-activated B Cells to Efficiently Identify Epitopes of Tumor Antigens (2009)

The rapid development of genomics and proteomics has accelerated the discovery of antigens that play a role in host-tumor interaction and can be potentially targeted in tumor immunotherapy. Several independent approaches to characterize such antigens and identify the relevant epitopes have been developed. However, the detection, expansion, and characterization of antigen-specific T cells are essential steps common to all strategies. Efficient identification of epitopes, in particular in a preclinical setting, is often hampered by lack of significant numbers of antigen presenting cells at sufficient purity that readily expand low-frequency T-cell precursors. Using the cylins as a model family of self-tumor antigens, we show that CD40-activated primary human B cells can be used very efficiently to identify novel epitopes and characterize such tumor antigen-specific T cells.
Oxidative stress targets in pulmonary emphysema: focus on the Nrf2 pathway (2010)

The current literature suggests that among oxidative stress targets, Nrf2 is a valuable therapeutic target in pulmonary emphysema.
Differences in Interleukin-8 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha in Induced Sputum From Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or Asthma (1996)

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are characterized by chronic airway inflammation. Studies using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) have shown an increased proportion of eosinophils in the BAL fluid from asthmatics compared with that from normal subjects, whereas studies of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have shown increased numbers of neutrophils. Induced sputum allows sampling of respiratory tract secretions from patients and control subjects, providing a noninvasive method of studying airway secretions and allowing characterization of cells and measurement of soluble markers. We investigated whether induced sputum was a useful method of studying airway fluid from patients with moderate to severe COPD and whether it could be used to compare inflammation in this condition with that in asthma. An initial reproducibility study was undertaken. Sputum was induced twice in 13 patients with severe COPD at a 14-d interval. Total and differential cell counts were carried out and were found to be reproducible over this period. Sputum was then induced in 14 patients with COPD, 23 patients with asthma, 12 healthy cigarette smokers, and 16 normal nonsmoking control subjects. We found a significant increase in neutrophils and increased concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in the patients with COPD compared with the smoking and nonsmoking control subjects. Interleukin-8, but not TNF alpha, was significantly higher in the COPD group than in the asthmatic group. We conclude that the cytokines TNF alpha and IL-8 may be involved in the inflammation in COPD.
Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis — The End of the Beginning? (2011)

Over the past four decades, implementation of therapies directed entirely at symptoms have improved the quality of life in patients with cystic fibrosis and have increased the median survival age from 11 years to 37 years. Now, in this issue of the Journal, Ramsey et al.1 provide the first proof that a treatment, ivacaftor, that is directed at the basic defect in G551D-CFTR produces sustained improvement in signs and symptoms of cystic fibrosis in patients 12 years of age or older who have at least one G551D allele.This report is the destination of a long journey that began with . . .
Rho Kinase Regulates Schwann Cell Myelination and Formation of Associated Axonal Domains (2004)

The myelin sheath forms by the spiral wrapping of a glial membrane around an axon. The mechanisms involved are poorly understood but are likely to involve coordinated changes in the glial cell cytoskeleton. Because of its key role as a regulator of the cytoskeleton, we investigated the role of Rho kinase (ROCK), a major downstream effector of Rho, in Schwann cell morphology, differentiation, and myelination. Pharmacologic inhibition of ROCK activity results in loss of microvilli and stress fibers in Schwann cell cultures and strikingly aberrant myelination in Schwann cell-neuron cocultures; there was no effect on Schwann cell proliferation or differentiation. Treated Schwann cells branch aberrantly and form multiple, small, independent myelin segments along the length of axons, each with associated nodes and paranodes. This organization partially resembles myelin formed by oligodendrocytes rather than the single long myelin sheath characteristic of Schwann cells. ROCK regulates myosin light chain phosphorylation, which is robustly, but transiently, activated at the onset of myelination. These results support a key role of Rho through its effector ROCK in coordinating the movement of the glial membrane around the axon at the onset of myelination via regulation of myosin phosphorylation and actomyosin assembly. They also indicate that the molecular machinery that promotes the wrapping of the glial membrane sheath around the axon is distributed along the entire length of the internode.
Deletional switch recombination occurs in interleukin-4-induced isotype switching to IgE expression by human B cells. (1991)

There is controversy as to whether deletional rearrangement occurs between the IgM and IgE switch regions (S mu and S epsilon, respectively) during switching to the IgE isotype. We have addressed the issue by stimulating normal human B cells, sorted for lack of expression of surface IgE, to produce IgE by infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the presence of interleukin 4 (IL-4). Genomic DNA was amplified for S mu/S epsilon switch junction fragments by utilizing the nested-primer polymerase chain reaction. Switch junction fragments were amplified from B cells infected with EBV in the presence of IL-4 but not from B cells infected with EBV alone. The DNA sequence of these "switch fragments" revealed direct joining of S mu to S epsilon in each case. The recombination sites within S mu were clustered within 900 base pairs at the 5' end of the switch region, suggesting that there are "hot spots" for recombination within S mu. The S epsilon recombination sites were scattered throughout the S epsilon region. These findings indicate that IL-4-induced isotype switching to IgE production in human B cells is accompanied by DNA rearrangements with joining of S mu to S epsilon.
DGAT2 Is a New Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Gene Family (2001)

Acyl CoA:diacylgycerol acyltransferase (EC; DGAT) catalyzes the final step in the production of triacylglycerol. Two polypeptides, which co-purified with DGAT activity, were isolated from the lipid bodies of the oleaginous fungus Mortierella ramanniana with a procedure consisting of dye affinity, hydroxyapatite affinity, and heparin chromatography. The two enzymes had molecular masses of 36 and 36.5 kDa, as estimated by gel electrophoresis, and showed a broad activity maximum between pH 6 and 8. Based on partial peptide sequence information, polymerase chain reaction techniques were used to obtain full-length cDNA sequences encoding the purified proteins. Expression of the cDNAs in insect cells conferred high levels of DGAT activity on the membranes isolated from these cells. The two proteins share 54% homology with each other but are unrelated to the previously identified DGAT gene family (designated DGAT1), which is related to the acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase gene family, or to any other gene family with ascribed function. This report identifies a new gene family, including members in fungi, plants and animals, which encode enzymes with DGAT function. To distinguish the two unrelated families we designate this new class DGAT2 and refer to the M. ramanniana genes as MrDGAT2A and MrDGAT2B.
Influence of tempering on the feeding value of rolled corn in finishing diets for feedlot cattle. (1998)

Crossbred yearling steers (n = 125; 372 kg) were used in a 109-d finishing trial. Steers were fed an 88% concentrate diet containing 65% corn (DM basis) as 1) dry rolled corn (DRC); 2) tempered rolled corn (TRC), 43 mg surfactant (SarTemp)/kg corn; 3) TRC, 172 mg surfactant/kg corn; 4) TRC, 430 mg surfactant/kg corn; and 5) steam-flaked corn (SFC). Corn moisture was greater (3.5%, P < .01) for TRC than for DRC but less (10%, P < .05) than for SFC. Starch enzymatic reactivity was less for TRC than for either DRC (18%, P < .05) or SFC (42%, P < .01). Tempering increased the integrity of rolled corn and reduced the amount of particles less than 2 mm in diameter by 54% (P < .01). Steam flaking corn increased (P < .01) proportion (78%) of the grain having a particle size distribution of greater than 8 mm, as compared with TRC (25%) and DRC (3%). Compared with DRC, tempering enhanced (P < .10) ADG (9%), feed efficiency (5%), and dietary NE (3%). Daily weight gain was similar (P > .10) for TRC and SFC. Feed efficiency (P < .10) and dietary NE (P < .01) were greater (6%) for SFC than for TRC. There were no differences (P > .10) between DRC and TRC in ruminal and total tract digestion of OM, N, and starch, and in ruminal microbial efficiency. Ruminal digestion of OM decreased (linear effect, P < .05) and ruminal microbial efficiency increased (linear effect, P < .05) with increasing surfactant concentration. Ruminal digestion of OM and starch, and flow of nonammonia N to the small intestine were greater (31, 56, and 14%, respectively, P < .01) for SFC than for TRC. Postruminal and total tract digestion of OM, N, and starch, and dietary DE were greater (P < .01) for SFC than for TRC. We concluded that tempering corn will enhance animal performance. Increasing the concentration of surfactant used in tempering may enhance ruminal microbial efficiency and lean tissue growth.
Autolytic Activity and Butanol Tolerance of Clostridium acetobutylicum (1982)

The effects of acetone and butanol on the growth of vegetative cells and the stability of swollen-phase bright-stationary-phase cells (clostridial forms) of Clostridium acetobutylicum P262 and an autolytic deficient mutant (lyt-1) were investigated. There was little difference in the sensitivity of strain P262 and the lyt-1 mutant vegetative cells and clostridial forms to acetone. The stability of the different morphological stages was unaffected by acetone concentrations far in excess of those encountered in factory fermentations. Butanol concentrations between 7 and 16 g/liter, which are within the range obtained in industrial fermentations, increased the degeneration of strain P262 clostridial forms but had no effect on the stability of lyt-1 clostridial forms which never underwent autolysis. Vegetative cells of the lyt-1 mutant were able to grow in higher concentrations of butanol than strain P262 vegetative cells. It was concluded that there is a relationship between butanol tolerance and autolytic activity.
Railway Fastener Inspection by Real-Time Machine Vision (2015)

In this paper, a real-time railway fastener detection system using a high-speed laser range finder camera is presented. First, an extensive analysis of various methods based on pixel-wise and histogram similarities are conducted on a specific railway route. Then, a fusing stage is introduced which combines least correlated approaches also considering the performance upgrade after fusing. Then, the resulting method is tested on a larger database collected from a different railway route. After observing repeated successes, the method is implemented on NI LabVIEW and run real-time with a high-speed 3-D camera placed under a railway carriage designed for railway quality inspection.
The Effects of Outdoor Air Supply Rate in an Office on Perceived Air Quality, Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) Symptoms and Productivity (2000)

Perceived air quality, Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) symptoms and productivity were studied in a normally furnished office space (108 m3) ventilated with an outdoor airflow of 3, 10 or 30 L/s per person, corresponding to an air change rate of 0.6, 2 or 6 h-1. The temperature of 22 degrees C, the relative humidity of 40% and all other environmental parameters remained unchanged. Five groups of six female subjects were each exposed to the three ventilation rates, one group and one ventilation rate at a time. Each exposure lasted 4.6 h and took place in the afternoon. Subjects were unaware of the intervention and remained thermally neutral by adjusting their clothing. They assessed perceived air quality and SBS symptoms at intervals, and performed simulated normal office work. Increasing ventilation decreased the percentage of subjects dissatisfied with the air quality (P < 0.002) and the intensity of odour (P < 0.02), and increased the perceived freshness of air (P < 0.05). It also decreased the sensation of dryness of mouth and throat (P < 0.0006), eased difficulty in thinking clearly (P < 0.001) and made subjects feel generally better (P < 0.0001). The performance of four simulated office tasks improved monotonically with increasing ventilation rates, and the effect reached formal significance in the case of text-typing (P < 0.03). For each two-fold increase in ventilation rate, performance improved on average by 1.7%. This study shows the benefits for health, comfort and productivity of ventilation at rates well above the minimum levels prescribed in existing standards and guidelines. It confirms the results of a previous study in the same office when the indoor air quality was improved by decreasing the pollution load while the ventilation remained unchanged.
Light field compression using disparity-compensated lifting (2004)

We propose a novel approach for light field compression that incorporates disparity compensation into 4D wavelet coding using disparity-compensated lifting. With this approach, we obtain the benefits of wavelet coding, including compression efficiency and scalability in all dimensions. Additionally, our proposed approach solves the irreversibility limitations of previous wavelet coding approaches. Experimental results show that the compression efficiency of the proposed technique outperforms current state-of-the-art wavelet coding techniques by a wide margin.
A phase and frequency controlled femtosecond laser for metrology and single-cycle nonlinear optics (2000)

We stabilize the spacing and position of the frequency-domain modes of a femtosecond laser to 2.5 mHz and 2 kHz (in 1 s), respectively.
Updated results from a phase I trial of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor MS-275 in patients with refractory solid tumors (2004)

3026 Background: Inhibition of HDACs in vitro has resulted in tumor cell growth arrest, differentiation and/or tumor apoptosis. This report evaluates the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of MS-275, an orally active synthetic benzamide derivative HDAC inhibitor, and presents updated clinical data from this phase I trial. Methods: MS-275 was given orally to 3–6 fasting patients per dose level with refractory/relapsed solid tumors or lymphoma. The plasma PK profile of MS-275 was analyzed using a validated, quantitative method. Histone H3 and H4 acetylation was analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by immunohistochemical detection. Results: Seventeen pts have been enrolled on 3 schedules (Schs): 2–6 mg/m2 biweekly (n=10, Sch A); 2 mg/m2 twice weekly for 3 weeks with 1 week rest (n=6, Sch B); 4 mg/m2 weekly for 3 weeks with 1 week rest (n=1, Sch C). Eighty cycles have been administered on Sch A and 13 on Sch B. No drug related grade (gr) 4 adverse events (AEs) have been reported. The most common drug related AEs were gr 1–3 hypophosphatemia, asthenia, nausea and anorexia. The maximum tolerated dose was not reached on Sch A. Dose escalation of Sch B was not pursued due to laboratory abnormalities resulting in dose delays/omissions. The plasma profile of MS-275 demonstrates rapid absorption, with a Tmax of 0.5–2.0 h, and a dose-dependent increase in systemic exposure over the dose range 2–6 mg/m2. A biphasic elimination was noted, with an estimated T1/2 of 100 hours. Preliminary PD analyses indicate an increase in histone H3 and H4 acetylation in PBMCs, compared with pretreatment. One pt with melanoma continued to exhibit a partial response (Sch A), and 1 pt each with Ewing's sarcoma (Sch A), rectal carcinoma (Sch A) and melanoma (Sch B) had stable disease after 60+, 38+ and 20+ weeks of therapy, respectively. Conclusions: PK analyses indicate that MS-275 is rapidly absorbed, with a T1/2 of 100 h, and preliminary evidence of increased H3 and H4 histone acetylation has been observed. Potential antitumor activity has been noted in 4 pts and enrollment on MS-275 4 mg/m2 weekly for 3 weeks with 1 week rest is ongoing. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Berlex; Schering AG Schering AG
Plant Growth Regulators (2006)

This document discusses the meaning of the term “plant growth regulator,” patterns of use and provides a listing of plant growth regulators registered for use in Florida.
cis-Bis(2-phenylpyridine)platinum(II) (CBPPP): a simple molecular platinum compound (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTcis-Bis(2-phenylpyridine)platinum(II) (CBPPP): a simple molecular platinum compoundLaurent Chassot, Edgar Mueller, and Alexander Von ZelewskyCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1984, 23, 25, 4249–4253Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00193a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00193a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1743Altmetric-Citations214LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Plant Growth Regulator Regimens Reduce Poa annua Populations in Creeping Bentgrass (2005)

Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are commonly applied for annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) suppression but various PGR regimens may be more applicable in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) management than exclusive applications. Two field experiments in Riverton, NJ investigated various regimens of paclobutrazol ((⁺/-)-(R*,R*)-b-[(4-chlorophenyl) methyl]-a-(1, 1-dimethyl)-1H-1,2,4,-triazole-1-ethanol) (PB) and trinexapac-ethyl ([4-(cyclopropyl-[a]-hydroxymethylene)-3,5-dioxo-cyclohexane carboxylic acid ethyl ester]) (TE) for Poa annua control in creeping bentgrass golf course fairways. Over four years, Poa annua coverage was greater in the spring compared to summer and fall. In the first experiment, Poa annua reductions from initial populations were 22 and 30% in untreated turf and turf treated only with TE, respectively. Reductions in Poa annua were ≈ 55% for turf receiving PB with and without TE applications. In the second experiment, PB reduced Poa annua populations to approximately half those of the untreated plots but combinations with TE did not enhance turf quality or Poa annua suppression. Routinely applying PB at 0.14 kg/ha every 3 weeks provided similar Poa annua control to single applications of 0.56 kg/ha while both regimens gave better control than PB at 0.28 kg/ha applied in the spring and fall. Overall, PB will be an effective tool for suppressing Poa annua in creeping bentgrass fairways for northeastern golf courses; however, tank mixing TE with PB will likely not enhance these effects.
Tissue distribution of messenger ribonucleic acid encoding the rat glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor. (1996)

The incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an important regulator of postprandial insulin secretion. In addition to its insulinotropic actions on pancreatic beta-cells, GLP-1 enhances glucose disposal by insulin-independent mechanisms, suggesting that GLP-1 receptors are located on extrapancreatic tissues. In this study, we examined the tissue distribution of GLP-1 receptor (GLP-lR) messenger RNA (mRNA) in rat by RNAse protection, RT-PCR, and in situ hybridization. We identified GLP-1R mRNA in the lung, pancreatic islets, stomach, and kidney by the RNAse protection assay. RT-PCR analysis also detected GLP-1R mRNA in the hypothalamus and heart. In situ hybridization experiments identified receptor mRNA in the gastric pits of the stomach, large nucleated cells in the lung, crypts of the duodenum, and pancreatic islets. No localized specific grains were found in kidney, skeletal muscle, heart, liver, or adipocytes. These results indicate that sequences corresponding to the cloned rat islet GLP-1 receptor are expressed in the pancreatic islets, lung, hypothalamus, stomach, heart, and kidney but not in adipose, liver, and skeletal muscle. Further, the GLP-1 receptor expressed in the kidney and heart may be structural variants of the known receptor. Therefore, the observed extrapancreatic actions of GLP-1 may not be strictly confined to interactions with the defined GLP-1 receptor.
Endogenous Retroviruses in Xenografts (1993)

To the Editor: Pressed by the increasing shortage of human organs, we are rapidly moving toward the use of xenografts from pigs or nonhuman primates. We must ask whether endogenous animal retroviruses pose any public health risk when transplanted into a human host. Endogenous porcine retroviruses are not believed to undergo acute transformation; however, the expression of retroviruses has been associated with the development of leukemia and lymphoma in pigs1. Little is known about their structure, their similarities to other retroviruses, or the mechanism of their association with malignant diseases. Since these viral genomes are coded in the genomic . . .
Cloning and functional characterisation of an enzyme involved in the elongation of Δ6‐polyunsaturated fatty acids from the moss Physcomitrella patens (2002)

The moss Physcomitrella patens contains high proportions of polyunsaturated very-long-chain fatty acids with up to 20 carbon atoms. Starting from preformed C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids, their biosynthesis involves a sequence of Delta6-desaturation, Delta6-elongation and Delta5-desaturation. In this report we describe for the first time the characterisation of a cDNA (PSE1) of plant origin with homology to the ELO-genes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, encoding a component of the Delta6-elongase. Functional expression of PSE1 in S. cerevisiae led to the elongation of exogenously supplied Delta6-polyunsaturated fatty acids. By feeding experiments with different trienoic fatty acids of natural and synthetic origin, both substrate specificity and substrate selectivity of the enzyme were investigated. The activity of Pse1, when expressed in yeast, was not sensitive to the antibiotic cerulenin, which is an effective inhibitor of fatty acid synthesis and elongation. Furthermore, the PSE1 gene was disrupted in the moss by homologous recombination. This led to a complete loss of all C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids providing additional evidence for the function of the cDNA as coding for a component of the Delta6-elongase. The elimination of the elongase was not accompanied by a visible alteration in the phenotype, indicating that C20-PUFAs are not essential for viability of the moss under phytotron conditions.