gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bone marrow homing: the players, the playfield, and their evolving roles (2003)

Although homing of hematopoietic cells to the bone marrow was described as a functional concept several decades ago, the analysis of its components and the molecular pathways involved remains an ongoing challenge. Because of the biologic and clinical significance of homing, a resurgence of studies delving into the mechanistic and molecular aspects of homing is appearing. These recent studies, highlighted in this brief review, emphasize newly appreciated roles of some known regulators and their interacting partners in homing, although some novel regulators also seem to enter the scene. The homing field still has disparities in experimental design and evaluation of data; however, the ever-expanding search for new information, together with the application of novel technologies, especially when combinations of approaches are used, will certainly bring our understanding of homing to a new level.
Microencapsulation Technology and Applications (2009)

Microencapsulation technology allows a compound to be encapsulated inside a tiny sphere known as microsphere/microcapsule, having an average diameter as small as 1 mm to several hundred micro meters. Many different active materials like drugs, enzymes, vitamins, pesticides, flavours and catalysts have been successfully encapsulated inside microballoons or microcapsules made from a variety of polymeric and non polymeric materials including poly(ethylene glycol)s, poly(methacrylate)s, poly(styrene)s, cellulose, poly(lactide)s, poly(lactide-co-glycolide)s, gelatin and acacia, etc. These microcapsules release their contents at appropriate time by using different release mechanisms, depending on the end use of encapsulated products. This technology has been used in several fields including pharmaceutical, agriculture, food, printing, cosmetic, textile and defence. In defence sector this technology has introduced the concept of self-healing composites as well as chemical decontaminating fabrics. This review paper highlights the major reasons behind microencapsulation, important techniques of microencapsulation and application of microencapsulated products in different areas of science and technology.Defence Science Journal, 2009, 59(1), pp.82-95, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.59.1489
In Vitro Determination of Disintegration Time of Quick-Dissolve Tablets Using a New Method (2000)

In the pharmaceutical market, several new oral formulations with fast disintegration times are emerging [1][2][3][4][5][6]. A significant segment of the population, particularly aged persons and ch...
Hybridization arrest of globin synthesis in rabbit reticulocyte lysates and cells by oligodeoxyribonucleoside methylphosphonates (1985)

Oligodeoxyribonucleoside methylphosphonates which are complementary to the 5' end, the initiation codon regions, or the coding regions of rabbit globin mRNA were synthesized. These oligomers were shown to interact with their complementary mRNA binding sites by their ability to serve as primers for reverse transcriptase. In several cases, the priming efficiency of the oligomers was enhanced when the oligomer was preannealed with the mRNA. This behavior correlates with the predicted secondary structure of the mRNA and suggests that some oligomer binding sites occur in hydrogen-bonded stem regions of the mRNA. Methylphosphonate oligomers inhibit translation of globin mRNA in reticulocyte lysates. Inhibition is due to the interaction of the oligomers with mRNA. The extent of inhibition is affected by the sequence and chain length of the oligomer, the location of the oligomer binding site on the mRNA, and the secondary structure of the binding site. Oligomers which bind to the 5' end and initiation codon regions of beta-globin mRNA inhibit both alpha- and beta-globin synthesis whereas oligomers which bind to the coding region of alpha-globin mRNA or the coding region of beta-globin mRNA inhibit translation of their target mRNA in a specific manner. Oligodeoxyribonucleoside methylphosphonates inhibit globin synthesis in rabbit reticulocytes. The effects of various oligomers on cellular globin synthesis are similar to those in the lysate system and suggest that the conformation of globin mRNA is the same in both systems during translation.
Low voltage electrocardiogram after acute myocardial infarction. (1975)

In a retrospective study of patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted to a coronary monitoring unit in 1971 12 per cent (39 patients) had low voltage electrocardiograms within 72 hours of admission. Of these, 7 patients (18%) died while in hospital and a further 9 (23%) died within one year of their infarction. Of the 23 patients who survived, 16 were severely incapacitated by their symptoms at the one-year follow-up. A low voltage electrocardiogram in association with acute myocardial infarction appears to imply a poor prognosis in terms of both mortality and morbidity, independently of other prognostic indices.
Weighted line fitting algorithms for mobile robot map building and efficient data representation (2004)

This paper presents an algorithm to find the line-based map that best fits sets of two-dimensional range scan data. To construct the map, we first provide an accurate means to fit a line segment to a set of uncertain points via maximum likelihood formalism. This scheme weights each point's influence on the fit according to its uncertainty, which is derived from sensor noise models. We also provide closed-form formulas for the covariance of the line fit, along with methods to transform line coordinates and covariances across robot poses. A Chi-squared based criterion for "knitting" together sufficiently similar lines can be used to merge lines directly (as we demonstrate) or as part of the framework for a line-based SLAM implementation. Experiments using a Sick LMS-200 laser scanner and a Nomad 200 mobile robot illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Naratriptan in the Preventive Treatment of Refractory Transformed Migraine: A Prospective Pilot Study (2005)

(1) Daily use of naratriptan provided good preventive efficacy in an important subset of subjects with TM refractory to other preventive treatments. (2) The tolerability of this treatment was excellent. (3) Over a short period of time (3 months), no serious adverse events were reported, nor significant changes were found in the ECG or ophthalmologic evaluation.
Brain stem excitatory and inhibitory signaling pathways regulating bronchoconstrictive responses (2005)

This review summarizes recent work on two basic processes of central nervous system (CNS) control of cholinergic outflow to the airways: 1) transmission of bronchoconstrictive signals from the airways to the airway-related vagal preganglionic neurons (AVPNs) and 2) regulation of AVPN responses to excitatory inputs by central GABAergic inhibitory pathways. In addition, the autocrine-paracrine modulation of AVPNs is briefly discussed. CNS influences on the tracheobronchopulmonary system are transmitted via AVPNs, whose discharge depends on the balance between excitatory and inhibitory impulses that they receive. Alterations in this equilibrium may lead to dramatic functional changes. Recent findings indicate that excitatory signals arising from bronchopulmonary afferents and/or the peripheral chemosensory system activate second-order neurons within the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), via a glutamate-AMPA signaling pathway. These neurons, using the same neurotransmitter-receptor unit, transmit information to the AVPNs, which in turn convey the central command to airway effector organs: smooth muscle, submucosal secretory glands, and the vasculature, through intramural ganglionic neurons. The strength and duration of reflex-induced bronchoconstriction is modulated by GABAergic-inhibitory inputs and autocrine-paracrine controlling mechanisms. Downregulation of GABAergic inhibitory influences may result in a shift from inhibitory to excitatory drive that may lead to increased excitability of AVPNs, heightened airway responsiveness, and sustained narrowing of the airways. Hence a better understanding of these normal and altered central neural circuits and mechanisms could potentially improve the design of therapeutic interventions and the treatment of airway obstructive diseases.
Molecular Cloning and Expression of Feline Interleukin-16 (1998)

Human IL-16 (hIL-16) is a homotetrameric cytokine with chemotactic properties towards cells expressing the CD4 receptor. This chemotactic cytokine plays an important role in attracting cells of the immune system to the site where CD8+ T-cells were activated for example by a foreign antigen. In addition to the chemotactic activity, hIL-16 also induces expression of IL-2 receptor, increasing the responsiveness to IL-2 and therefore implying a role for specific expansion of the CD4+ T-cell population in an area of induced inflammation. In this report we describe the cloning, sequencing and the expression of feline IL-16 (fIL-16). At the nucleotide level, fIL-16 shows 84.6 and 84.5%, on the amino acid level 93 and 91.5% identity to the human and African green monkey (agm) IL-16, respectively.
Rapidly swept, ultra-widely-tunable 1060 nm MEMS-VCSELs (2012)

Demonstrated are 1060 nm microelectromechanical-systems-based tunable vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (MEMS-VCSELs) with a 100 nm continuous tuning range under repetitively scanned operation at rates beyond 500 kHz and a 90 nm continuous tuning range under static operation. These devices employ a thin strained InGaAs multiple quantum well active region integrated with a fully oxidised GaAs/Al<sub>x</sub>O<sub>y</sub> bottom mirror and a suspended dielectric top mirror. The devices are optically pumped via 850 nm light. These ultra-widely tunable lasers represent the first MEMS-VCSELs reported in this wavelength range, and are ideally suited for application in ophthalmic swept-source optical coherence tomography.
Towards coal based continuous steelmaking Part 2 – Low carbon to ultralow carbon steel (2003)

Low carbon steel produced continuously from powdered coal and iron ore fines in a circuit employing three melt circulation loops is subjected to countercurrent contacting with argon in a packed bed at 100 mbar pressure. New generalised correlations are developed for both gas and liquid phase mass transfer in liquid metal irrigated packed beds. Consideration is next given to the likely rate controlling mechanisms. Data reported in the literature are reassessed to demonstrate that liquid phase transfer predominates and interfacial chemical kinetics is unlikely to exert a major influence on the process for producing ultralow carbon (ULC) steel. Although liquid phase diffusion of oxygen is clearly more important, gas phase mass transfer at 100 mbar must still be taken into account. Calculations indicate that 2 000 000 tpa Fe requires a ULC tower with an internal diameter of 2·6 m packed with 6·5 m of 150 mm ceramic balls, for example.
Alternative Approach to Computing Transport Coefficients: Application to Conductivity and Hall Coefficient of Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon (2010)

We introduce a theoretical framework for computing transport coefficients for complex materials with extended states, and defect or band-tail states originating from static topological disorder. As a first example, we resolve long-standing inconsistencies between experiment and theory pertaining to the conductivity and Hall mobility for amorphous silicon and show that the Hall sign anomaly is a consequence of localized states. Next, we compute the ac conductivity of amorphous polyaniline. The method may be readily integrated with current ab initio methods.
Vascular permeability factor (vascular endothelial growth factor) gene is expressed differentially in normal tissues, macrophages, and tumors. (1992)

Vascular permeability factor (VPF), also known as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), increases microvascular permeability and is a specific mitogen for endothelial cells. Expression of VPF/VEGF previously was demonstrated in a variety of tumor cells, in cultures of pituitary-derived cells, and in corpus luteum. Here we present evidence, by Northern analysis and in situ hybridization, that the VPF/VEGF gene is expressed in many adult organs, including lung, kidney, adrenal gland, heart, liver, and stomach mucosa, as well as in elicited peritoneal macrophages. The highest levels of VPF/VEGF transcripts were found in epithelial cells of lung alveoli, renal glomeruli and adrenal cortex, and in cardiac myocytes. The prominence of VPF/VEGF mRNA in these tissues suggests a possible role for VPF/VEGF in regulating baseline microvascular permeability, which is essential for tissue nutrition and waste removal. We also demonstrate particularly high VPF/VEGF mRNA levels in several human tumors, where it may be involved in promoting tumor angiogenesis and stroma generation, both as an endothelial cell mitogen and indirectly by its permeability enhancing effect that leads to the deposition of a provisional fibrin gel matrix.
Lipid and Calculus Matrix Calcification In Vitro (1973)

Lipid is necessary for calcification of a calculus matrix. Matrix was prepared by decalcification of dental calculus. The matrix calcified when it was exposed to a metastable calcium phosphate solution. After extraction with chloroform-methanol, the matrix lost the capacity to calcify. The lipid extract was calcifiable.
Potential Anticancer Agents.1 VIII. Synthesis of Nucleosides Derived from L-Talofuranose (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotential Anticancer Agents.1 VIII. Synthesis of Nucleosides Derived from L-TalofuranoseElmer J. Reist, Leon Goodman, and B. R. BakerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 21, 5775–5779Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1958https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01554a046RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views103Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (683 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Penetration Enhancers and the Percutaneous Absorption of Drugs: An Update (1986)

AbstractDermatological preparations may be formulated for optimal bioavailability by ensuring that the drug has maximum tendency to leave the vehicle and pass into the skin. Alternatively, compounds (penetration enhancers, accelerants, or sorption promoters) may be included in the formulation that themselves pass into the skin and in so doing reversibly decrease its resistance to drug passage. The literature on penetration enhancers to 1981 was comprehensively reviewed by Barry. This paper discusses work performed since that time, with special reference to glycols, sulfoxides, amides and amines, pyrrolidones, and Azone. These and other compounds continue to be investigated as penetration enhancers for both local and systemic delivery of drugs. An important future role lies in their incorporation into transdermal delivery systems.
Fabrication and Characterization of Porous Membranes with Highly Ordered Three-Dimensional Periodic Structures (1999)

This paper describes a procedure that uses opaline arrays of spherical particles (with diameters ≥100 nm) as templates to fabricate porous membranes having three-dimensional interconnected networks of air balls. An aqueous dispersion of monodispersed polystyrene (or silica) beads was injected into a specially designed cell and assembled into an opaline array under external gas pressure and sonication. After drying, the void spaces among the spheres were filled with a liquid precursor such as a UV-curable (or thermally cross-linkable) prepolymer or a sol−gel solution. Subsequent solidification of the precursor and dissolution of the particles produced a well-defined porous membrane having a complex, three-dimensional architecture of air balls interconnected by a number of small circular “windows”. The porous structure of this kind of membrane can be easily tailored by using colloidal particles with different sizes: when spherical particles of diameter D are used, the dimension of air balls in the bulk is ∼D, the size of circular windows interconnecting these air balls is ∼D/4, and the diameter of circular holes on the surfaces of the membrane is ∼D/2. We have demonstrated the fabrication procedure using a variety of materials, including a UV-curable poly(acrylate−methacrylate) copolymer (PAMC), UV-curable polyurethanes, and sol−gel precursors to oxide ceramics such as SiO2 or TiO2. The permeabilities of these porous membrane films for a number of commonly used solvents were tested with a PAMC membrane as the example. Our measurements indicate that the liquid permeability of this porous membrane strongly depends on the properties of the liquid. In addition to their uses in filtration, separation, and tissue engineering, the porous membranes described in this paper should also find applications in fabricating diffractive sensors and photonic band gap (PBG) materials due to their three-dimensional periodic structures.
Nanotube Nanotweezers (1999)

Nanoscale electromechanical systems-nanotweezers-based on carbon nanotubes have been developed for manipulation and interrogation of nanostructures. Electrically conducting and mechanically robust carbon nanotubes were attached to independent electrodes fabricated on pulled glass micropipettes. Voltages applied to the electrodes closed and opened the free ends of the nanotubes, and this electromechanical response was simulated quantitatively using known nanotweezer structure and nanotube properties. The mechanical capabilities of the nanotweezers were demonstrated by grabbing and manipulating submicron clusters and nanowires. The conducting nanotube arms of the tweezers were also used for measuring the electrical properties of silicon carbide nanoclusters and gallium arsenide nanowires.
Gastrointestinal Absorption of Insulinlike Growth Factor-I in Neonatal Pigs (1996)

To determine if milk-borne insulinlike growth factor-I (IGF-I) is absorbed in neonatal piglets, recombinant human IGF-I was iodinated and then administered via an oral-gastric tube to newborn and 3-day-old piglets together with fluorescent isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-D70s, a macromolecular marker for assessment of gut closure). Results showed that total radioactivity and trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-precipitable radioactivity rose significantly in the plasma of both newborn and 3-day-old piglets 1 hour after oral-gastric administration of 125I-IGF-I, although the magnitude of increase was greater in newborns than in 3-day-old piglets. In contrast, significant absorption of FITC-D70s was observed only in newborn piglets but not in 3-day-old piglets. Chromatographic analysis revealed that 125I-IGF-I represented up to 20% of total plasma radioactivity in the newborns and up to 10% in the 3-day-old piglets. The 125I-IGF-I found in the plasma was mostly bound to IGF-binding proteins. These results indicate that milk-borne IGF-I can be absorbed in neonatal piglets and the absorption is independent of gut closure.
Structural basis of HIV-1 capsid recognition by PF74 and CPSF6 (2014)

Upon infection of susceptible cells by HIV-1, the conical capsid formed by ∼250 hexamers and 12 pentamers of the CA protein is delivered to the cytoplasm. The capsid shields the RNA genome and proteins required for reverse transcription. In addition, the surface of the capsid mediates numerous host-virus interactions, which either promote infection or enable viral restriction by innate immune responses. In the intact capsid, there is an intermolecular interface between the N-terminal domain (NTD) of one subunit and the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the adjacent subunit within the same hexameric ring. The NTD-CTD interface is critical for capsid assembly, both as an architectural element of the CA hexamer and pentamer and as a mechanistic element for generating lattice curvature. Here we report biochemical experiments showing that PF-3450074 (PF74), a drug that inhibits HIV-1 infection, as well as host proteins cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor 6 (CPSF6) and nucleoporin 153 kDa (NUP153), bind to the CA hexamer with at least 10-fold higher affinities compared with nonassembled CA or isolated CA domains. The crystal structure of PF74 in complex with the CA hexamer reveals that PF74 binds in a preformed pocket encompassing the NTD-CTD interface, suggesting that the principal inhibitory target of PF74 is the assembled capsid. Likewise, CPSF6 binds in the same pocket. Given that the NTD-CTD interface is a specific molecular signature of assembled hexamers in the capsid, binding of NUP153 at this site suggests that key features of capsid architecture remain intact upon delivery of the preintegration complex to the nucleus.
Mycoplasmal Infections Prevent Apoptosis and Induce Malignant Transformation of Interleukin-3-Dependent 32D Hematopoietic Cells (1999)

32D cells, a murine myeloid cell line, rapidly undergo apoptosis upon withdrawal of interleukin-3 (IL-3) supplement in culture. We found that 32D cells, if infected by several species of human mycoplasmas that rapidly activated NF-kappaB, would live and continue to grow in IL-3-depleted culture. Mycoplasma-infected cells showed no evidence of autocrine production of IL-3. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) blocked activation of NF-kappaB and led to prominent cell death. Heat-killed mycoplasmas or mycoplasmal membrane preparations alone could support continued growth of 32D cells in culture without IL-3 supplement for a substantial period of time. However, upon removal of heat-inactivated mycoplasmas, 32D cells quickly became apoptotic. In comparison, live Mycoplasma fermentans or M. penetrans infection for 4 to 5 weeks induced malignant transformation of 32D cells. Transformed 32D cells grew autonomously and no longer required support of growth-stimulating factors including IL-3 and mycoplasmas. The transformed 32D cells quickly formed tumors when injected into nude mice. Karyotyping showed that development of chromosomal changes and trisomy 19 was often associated with malignant transformation and tumorigenicity of 32D cells. Mycoplasmal infections apparently affected the fidelity of genomic transmission in cell division as well as checkpoints coordinating the progression of cell cycle events.