gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smooth muscle myosin heavy chain exclusively marks the smooth muscle lineage during mouse embryogenesis. (1994)

We cloned a portion of the mouse smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC) cDNA and analyzed its mRNA expression in adult tissues, several cell lines, and developing mouse embryos to determine the suitability of the SM-MHC promoter as a tool for identifying smooth muscle-specific transcription factors and to define the spatial and temporal pattern of smooth muscle differentiation during mouse development. RNase protection assays showed SM-MHC mRNA in adult aorta, intestine, lung, stomach, and uterus, with little or no signal in brain, heart, kidney, liver, skeletal muscle, spleen, and testes. From an analysis of 14 different cell lines, including endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and rhabdomyosarcomas, we failed to detect any SM-MHC mRNA; all of the cell lines induced to differentiate also showed no detectable SM-MHC. In situ hybridization of staged mouse embryos first revealed SM-MHC transcripts in the early developing aorta at 10.5 days post coitum (dpc). No hybridization signal was demonstrated beyond the aorta and its arches until 12.5 to 13.5 dpc, when SM-MHC mRNA appeared in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the developing gut and lungs as well as peripheral blood vessels. By 17.5 dpc, SM-MHC transcripts had accumulated in esophagus, bladder, and ureters. Except for blood vessels, no SM-MHC transcripts were ever observed in developing brain, heart, or skeletal muscle. These results indicate that smooth muscle myogenesis begins by 10.5 days of embryonic development in the mouse and establish SM-MHC as a highly specific marker for the SMC lineage. The SM-MHC promoter should therefore serve as a useful model for defining the mechanisms that govern SMC transcription during development and disease.
Mass Spectrometric Characterization of a Discontinuous Epitope of the HIV Envelope Protein HIV-gp120 Recognized by the Human Monoclonal Antibody 1331A (2000)

The characterization of a discontinuous epitope in the C5 region of the HIV envelope protein HIV-gp120, recognized by 1331A, a human mAb, is reported. Regions involved in affinity binding in the HIV-gp120 molecule were identified by epitope excision/extraction methods followed by matrix assisted laser desorption-time of flight mass spectrometry. In epitope excision, the protein is bound in its native conformation to an immobilized Ab and then digested with proteolytic enzymes. In epitope extraction, the protein is first digested and subsequently allowed to react with the Ab. A series of proteolytic digestions of the 1331A/HIV-gp120 complex allowed the identification of protected amino acids in two noncontinuous regions of the C5 region of HIV-gp120. Interaction of the Ab with amino acids I487 and E507 of HIV-gp120 is essential for efficient binding. This is the first application of this approach for the identification and characterization of a discontinuous epitope. The results are consistent with molecular modeling results, indicating that these amino acids are located on opposite sides of a hydrophobic pocket. This pocket is thought to be of importance for the interaction of HIV-gp120 with the transmembrane protein HIV-gp41.
A polymorphism in a let‐7 microRNA binding site of KRAS in women with endometriosis (2012)

Endometriosis is found in 5-15% of women of reproductive age and is more frequent in relatives of women with the disease. Activation of KRAS results in de novo endometriosis in mice, however, activating KRAS mutations have not been identified in women. We screened 150 women with endometriosis for a polymorphism in a let-7 microRNA (miRNA) binding site in the 3'-UTR of KRAS and detected a KRAS variant allele in 31% of women with endometriosis as opposed to 5% of a large diverse control population. KRAS mRNA and protein expression were increased in cultured endometrial stromal cells of women with the KRAS variant. Increased KRAS protein was due to altered miRNA binding as demonstrated in reporter assays. Endometrial stromal cells from women with the KRAS variant showed increased proliferation and invasion. In a murine model, endometrial xenografts containing the KRAS variant demonstrated increased proliferation and decreased progesterone receptor levels. These findings suggest that an inherited polymorphism of a let-7 miRNA binding site in KRAS leads to abnormal endometrial growth and endometriosis. The LCS6 polymorphism is the first described genetic marker of endometriosis risk.
Direct graphene growth on MgO: origin of the band gap (2011)

A 2.5 monolayer (ML) thick graphene film grown by chemical vapor deposition of thermally dissociated C(2)H(4) on MgO(111), displays a significant band gap. The apparent six-fold low energy electron diffraction (LEED) pattern actually consists of two three-fold patterns with different 'A' and 'B' site diffraction intensities. Similar effects are observed for the LEED patterns of a 1 ML carbon film derived from annealing adventitious carbon on MgO(111), and for a 1.5 ML thick graphene film grown by sputter deposition on the 1 ML film. The LEED data indicate different electron densities at the A and B sites of the graphene lattice, suggesting that the observed band gap results from lifting the graphene HOMO/LUMO degeneracy at the Dirac point. The data also indicate that disparities in A site/B site LEED intensities decrease with increasing carbon overlayer thickness, suggesting that the graphene band gap size decreases with increasing number of graphene layers on MgO(111).
High Capacity, Reversible Silicon Thin-Film Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2003)

The properties of amorphous 250 nm and 1 μm silicon films deposited by radio-frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering on copper foil are investigated using -ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical methods. Galvanostatic half-cell electrochemical measurements conducted between 0.02 and 1.2 V using a lithium counter electrode have shown that the 250 nm Si thin films exhibit an excellent reversible specific capacity of nearly 3500 mAh/g when tested for 30 cycles. The high reversible capacity and excellent cyclability of the 250 nm sputtered silicon thin films suggest excellent adhesion between Si and Cu leading to high capacity retention. SEM analysis conducted on the 250 nm Si films after the 30th charge suggests the good adhesion of the diam "plates" of silicon to the copper substrate. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Polycrystalline silicon field emitters (1996)

Field emission of electrons from polycrystalline silicon micropoint emitters has been investigated. Two process routes, wet and dry etching, were used to form emitters, and their morphologies were compared using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). TEM micrographs of the wet-etched polysilicon structures show the presence of many individual grains at the tip. Arrays were easily manufactured, using the wet-etch process, to form sharp conical micropoints. However, the dry-etch process did not allow the formation of sharp tips. Field emission current–voltage data was collected from the wet-etched polycrystalline emitters immediately after etching and showed their emission characteristics to be similar to single crystal silicon emitters. Oxidation sharpening had little effect on the field emission characteristics.
Pulsed light sintering characteristics of inkjet-printed nanosilver films on a polymer substrate (2011)

In this work, the microstructures of inkjet-printed nanosilver films sintered by intense pulsed light (IPL) were systematically analyzed and correlated with the electrical properties. Nanosilver films with various dimensions were inkjet-printed and sintered at different light intensities to investigate the effects of the film dimension and light intensity on the sintering characteristics. For comparison purposes, the same inkjet-printed films were also thermally sintered at 210 °C for 1 h. Consecutive light pulses from a xenon lamp induced film swelling and the corresponding hollow microstructures of the inkjet nanosilver films. The resistance of IPL-sintered films was inversely proportional to the light intensity, and the resultant conductivity comparable to the thermally sintered one was achieved within just a few tens of ms, without damaging a polymer substrate. While all the thermally sintered patterns experienced shrinkage during the sintering process, the IPL-sintered ones could keep their initial dimension at a certain light intensity.
Dual-frequency Brillouin fiber laser for optical generation of tunable low-noise radio frequency/microwave frequency (2007)

We demonstrate a new approach, i.e., a cw dual-frequency Brillouin fiber laser pumped by two independent single-frequency Er-doped fiber lasers, for the generation of tunable low-noise rf/microwave optical signals. Its inherent features of both linewidth narrowing effect in a Brillouin fiber cavity and common mode noise cancellation between two laser modes sharing a common cavity allow us to achieve high frequency stability without using a supercavity. Beat frequency of the dual-frequency Brillouin fiber laser can be tuned from tens of megahertz up to 100 GHz by thermally tuning the wavelengths of the two pump lasers with tuning sensitivity of approximately 1.4 GHz/ degrees C. Allan variance measurements show the beat signals have the hertz-level frequency stability.
A Technique for Retinal Pigment Epithelium Transplantation for Age-Related Macular Degeneration Secondary to Extensive Subfoveal Scarring (1991)

We describe the surgical excision of submacular scar in end-stage age-related macular degeneration and transplantation of autologous and homologous retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. The technique involves the preparation of a large retinal flap encompassing the macula and the arcades, removal of the submacular scar, and replacement of the RPE cells, using either an autologous pedicle graft or homologous RPE cells and Bruch's membrane. Fourteen months following the procedure, visual acuity in a patient with a pedicle graft had improved from counts fingers to 20/400 and the patient fixated over the transplanted RPE cells. After 10 months, a homologous graft in a second patient had become encapsulated with a fine subretinal membrane without neovascular tissue; visual acuity had not improved. No intraoperative or postoperative complications resulting from the surgery occurred in either patient.
Distributed Measurement of Strain using Optical‐fibre Backscatter Polarimetry (2000)

Abstract: Fully‐distributed optical‐fibre sensing (FDOFS) systems are developing rapidly and are offering significant advantages for measurement functions in a variety of structural applications, especially in the oil industry, the power supply industry, the aerospace industries and civil engineering construction. Polarization techniques are well established in FDOFS, and in the analysis of polarization‐mode dispersion (PMD) for optical‐fibre telecommunications. However, a major problem has been that of determining, from one end of the fibre, the distribution of the full polarization properties of a monomode optical fibre, along its length, with some specific spatial resolution. This paper will present a new technique for providing this full information, and thus for measuring the distribution of any parameter, external to the fibre, which can modify its polarization behaviour. As a result, for example, it becomes possible to measure simultaneously the distributions of temperature and of a strain field comprising, in the latter case, the longitudinal and the two transverse components of direct strain, plus the transverse shear strain. The technique comprises an extension of polarization‐optical time domain reflectometry (POTDR) [16], and necessitates on‐line processing. Details of the physical principles, the algorithms and the polarimetry will be presented, together with results illustrating the measurement accuracies which can be achieved.
Statistical methods for network surveillance (2018)

The term network surveillance is defined in general terms and illustrated with many examples. Statistical methodologies that can be used as tools for network surveillance are discussed. Details for 3 illustrative examples that address network security, surveillance for data network failures, and surveillance of email traffic flows are presented. Some open areas of research are identified.
Direct writing of submicron metallic features with a scanning tunneling microscope (1987)

We demonstrate for the first time that the scanning tunneling microscope can be used to write metallic features on a surface without further process steps. Using organometallic gases we have obtained features down to 20 nm in size.
Microfluidic continuous flow synthesis of rod-shaped gold and silver nanocrystals (2006)

We present a continuous flow synthesis of gold and silver nanorods allowing tailored design of particles with desired shapes and online monitoring of particle growth.
Measurement of two-photon excitation cross sections of molecular fluorophores with data from 690 to 1050 nm (1996)

Measurements of two-photon fluorescence excitation (TPE) spectra are presented for 11 common molecular fluorophores in the excitation wavelength range 690 nm < λ < 1050 nm. Results of excitation by ∼100-fs pulses of a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser are corroborated by single-mode cw Ti:sapphire excitation data in the range 710 nm < λ < 840 nm. Absolute values of the TPE cross section for Rhodamine B and Fluorescein are obtained by comparison with one-photon-excited fluorescence, assuming equal emission quantum efficiencies. TPE action cross sections for the other nine fluorophores are also determined. No differences between one-photon- and two-photon-excited fluorescence emission spectra are found. TPE emission spectra are independent of excitation wavelength. With both pulsed and cw excitation the fluorescence emission intensities are strictly proportional to the square of the excitation intensity to within ±4% for excitation intensities sufficiently below excited-state saturation.
Murine Model for Dengue Virus-Induced Lethal Disease with IncreasedVascular Permeability (2006)

Lack of an appropriate animal model for dengue virus (DEN), which causes dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS), has impeded characterization of the mechanisms underlying the disease pathogenesis. The cardinal feature of DHF/DSS, the severe form of DEN infection, is increased vascular permeability. To develop a murine model that is more relevant to DHF/DSS, a novel DEN strain, D2S10, was generated by alternately passaging a non-mouse-adapted DEN strain between mosquito cells and mice, thereby mimicking the natural transmission cycle of the virus between mosquitoes and humans. After infection with D2S10, mice lacking interferon receptors died early without manifesting signs of paralysis, carried infectious virus in both non-neuronal and neuronal tissues, and exhibited signs of increased vascular permeability. In contrast, mice infected with the parental DEN strain developed paralysis at late times after infection, contained detectable levels of virus only in the central nervous system, and displayed normal vascular permeability. In the mice infected with D2S10, but not the parental DEN strain, significant levels of serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) were produced, and the neutralization of TNF-alpha activity prevented early death of D2S10-infected mice. Sequence analysis comparing D2S10 to its parental strain implicated a conserved region of amino acid residues in the envelope protein as a possible source for the D2S10 phenotype. These results demonstrate that D2S10 causes a more relevant disease in mice and that TNF-alpha may be one of several key mediators of severe DEN-induced disease in mice. This report represents a significant advance in animal models for severe DEN disease, and it begins to provide mechanistic insights into DEN-induced disease in vivo.
Role of human and porcine MHC DRB1 alleles in determining the intensity of individual human anti‐pig T‐cell responses (2019)

Variability in human and porcine MHC determines the intensity of individual human anti-pig T-cell responses. MHC typing and cross-matching of prospective recipients of xenografts and donor pigs could be relevant to select for donor-recipient combinations with minimal anti-porcine immunity.
Coinfection with ThreeEhrlichiaSpecies in Dogs from Thailand and Venezuela with Emphasis on Consideration of 16S Ribosomal DNA Secondary Structure (2001)

As part of a larger study to investigate tick-borne infections in dogs from Thailand and Venezuela, documentation of coinfection with three Ehrlichia species in two dogs, one from each country, became the focus of the present study. Although neither dog had clinical signs attributable to ehrlichiosis, both dogs were anemic and neutropenic and the Thai dog was thrombocytopenic. Genus- and species-specific PCR targeting the 16S rRNA genes indicated that both dogs were coinfected with Ehrlichia canis, E. platys, and E. equi. To our knowledge, these results provide the first molecular documentation for the presence of E. equi in dogs from these countries. Using universal bacterial PCR primers, one nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene could be amplified from each dog. The sequences were identical to each other and almost identical to that of E. platys (AF156784), providing the first E. platys 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences reported from these two geographically divergent countries. To determine whether these sequence differences allow differentiation between these two strains and other published 16S rDNA E. platys sequences, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of the rRNA, incorporating the consideration of secondary structure.
Neurotrophin 3/TrkC‐regulated proteins in the human medulloblastoma cell line DAOY (2009)

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant childhood brain tumor and high neurotrophin (NP) receptor TrkC mRNA expression was identified as a powerful independent predictor of favorable survival outcome. In order to determine downstream effector proteins of TrkC signaling, the MB cell line DAOY was stably transfected with a vector containing the full-length TrkC cDNA sequence or an empty vector control. A proteomic approach was used to search for expressional changes by two mass spectrometric methods and immunoblotting for validation of significant results. Multiple time points for up to 48 h following NP-3-induced TrkC receptor activation were chosen. Thirteen proteins from several pathways (nucleoside diphosphate kinase A, stathmin, valosin-containing protein, annexin A1, dihydropyrimidinase-related protein-3, DJ-1 protein, glutathione S-transferase P, lamin A/C, fascin, cofilin, vimentin, vinculin, and moesin) were differentially expressed and most have been shown to play a role in differentiation, migration, invasion, proliferation, apoptosis, drug resistance, or oncogenesis. Knowledge on effectors of TrkC signaling may represent a first useful step for the identification of marker candidates or reflecting probable pharmacological targets for specific treatment of MB.
Age-related Changes in the Proteoglycans of Human Skin (2003)

Dramatic changes occur in skin as a function of age, including changes in morphology, physiology, and mechanical properties. Changes in extracellular matrix molecules also occur, and these changes likely contribute to the overall age-related changes in the physical properties of skin. The major proteoglycans detected in extracts of human skin are decorin and versican. In addition, adult human skin contains a truncated form of decorin, whereas fetal skin contains virtually undetectable levels of this truncated decorin. Analysis of this molecule, herein referred to as decorunt, indicates that it is a catabolic fragment of decorin rather than a splice variant. With antibody probes to the core protein, decorunt is found to lack the carboxyl-terminal portion of decorin. Further analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry shows that the carboxyl terminus of decorunt is at Phe(170) of decorin. This result indicates that decorunt represents the amino-terminal 43% of the mature decorin molecule. Such a structure is inconsistent with alternative splicing of decorin and suggests that decorunt is a catabolic fragment of decorin. A neoepitope antiserum, anti-VRKVTF, was generated against the carboxyl terminus of decorunt. This antiserum does not recognize intact decorin in any skin proteoglycan sample tested on immunoblots but recognizes every sample of decorunt tested. The results with anti-VRKVTF confirm the identification of the carboxyl terminus of decorunt. Analysis of collagen binding by surface plasmon resonance indicates that the affinity of decorunt for type I collagen is 100-fold less than that of decorin. This observation correlates with the structural analysis of decorunt, in that it lacks regions of decorin previously shown to be important for interaction with type I collagen. The detection of a catabolic fragment of decorin suggests the existence of a specific catabolic pathway for this proteoglycan. Because of the capacity of decorin to influence collagen fibrillogenesis, catabolism of decorin may have important functional implications with respect to the dermal collagen network.
Interactive cloning with the SH3 domain of N-src identifies a new brain specific ion channel protein, with homology to Eag and cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (1997)

We have isolated a novel cDNA, that appears to represent a new class of ion channels, by using the yeast two-hybrid system and the SH3 domain of the neural form of Src (N-src) as a bait. The encoded polypeptide, BCNG-1, is distantly related to cyclic nucleotide-gated channels and the voltage-gated channels, Eag and H-erg. BCNG-1 is expressed exclusively in the brain, as a glycosylated protein of approximately 132 kDa. Immunohistochemical analysis indicates that BCNG-1 is preferentially expressed in specific subsets of neurons in the neocortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum, in particular pyramidal neurons and basket cells. Within individual neurons, the BCNG-1 protein is localized to either the dendrites or the axon terminals depending on the cell type. Southern blot analysis shows that several other BCNG-related sequences are present in the mouse genome, indicating the emergence of an entire subfamily of ion channel coding genes. These findings suggest the existence of a new type of ion channel, which is potentially able to modulate membrane excitability in the brain and could respond to regulation by cyclic nucleotides.
Prevalence of Chronic Heart Failure in Southwestern Europe: The EPICA Study (2002)

The overall prevalence of CHF in Portugal was slightly higher than that of other European studies and increases sharply with age. The prevalence of CHF due to systolic dysfunction is very similar to that reported by other recent European studies. The differences found may correspond to differences in methodology rather than actual differences in the population.