gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel DNA-Binding Protein Bound to the Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Restores the Null Mutation of Mitochondrial Histone Abf2p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1998)

The yeast mitochondrial HMG-box protein, Abf2p, is essential for maintenance of the mitochondrial genome. To better understand the role of Abf2p in the maintenance of the mitochondrial chromosome, we have isolated a multicopy suppressor (YHM2) of the temperature-sensitive defect associated with an abf2 null mutation. The function of Yhm2p was characterized at the molecular level. Yhm2p has 314 amino acid residues, and the deduced amino acid sequence is similar to that of a family of mitochondrial carrier proteins. Yhm2p is localized in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is also associated with mitochondrial DNA in vivo. Yhm2p exhibits general DNA-binding activity in vitro. Thus, Yhm2p appears to be novel in that it is a membrane-bound DNA-binding protein. A sequence that is similar to the HMG DNA-binding domain is important for the DNA-binding activity of Yhm2p, and a mutation in this region abolishes the ability of YHM2 to suppress the temperature-sensitive defect of respiration of the abf2 null mutant. Disruption of YHM2 causes a significant growth defect in the presence of nonfermentable carbon sources such as glycerol and ethanol, and the cells have defects in respiration as determined by 2,3,5,-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Yhm2p may function as a member of the protein machinery for the mitochondrial inner membrane attachment site of mitochondrial DNA during replication and segregation of mitochondrial genomes.
Inflammation, stress, and diabetes (2005)

Over the last decade, an abundance of evidence has emerged demonstrating a close link between metabolism and immunity. It is now clear that obesity is associated with a state of chronic low-level inflammation. In this article, we discuss the molecular and cellular underpinnings of obesity-induced inflammation and the signaling pathways at the intersection of metabolism and inflammation that contribute to diabetes. We also consider mechanisms through which the inflammatory response may be initiated and discuss the reasons for the inflammatory response in obesity. We put forth for consideration some hypotheses regarding important unanswered questions in the field and suggest a model for the integration of inflammatory and metabolic pathways in metabolic disease.
Electronic Separation of Biological Cells by Volume (1965)

A device capable of separating biological cells (suspended in a conducting medium) according to volume has been developed. Cell volume is measured in a Coulter aperture, and the cells are subsequently isolated in droplets of the medium which are charged according to the sensed volume. The charged droplets then enter an electrostatic field and are deflected into a collection vessel. Mixtures of mouse and human erythrocytes and a large volume component of mouse lymphoma cells were separated successfully. In tests with Chinese hamster ovary cells essentially all cells survived separation and grew at their normal rate.
Two-dimensional, hybrid model of low-pressure glow discharges (1994)

A self-consistent, two-dimensional hybrid fluid-particle model is presented and used to describe the electrical behavior of dc low-pressure discharges in the current range ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}7}$--${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$ A in argon for products of the gas pressure and the gap spacing (pd) from 1 to 3.3 cm torr. The two-dimensional distributions of the potential, charged particle densities and ionization source term at steady state are shown to illustrate the discharge behavior during the transition from the normal to the abnormal regimes. For the larger values of pd, a positive column region as well as the cathode regions are clearly apparent. The model used here consists of Poisson's equation for the electric field coupled to the continuity equations for the electrons and ions with the important feature that the ionization source term appearing in the continuity equations is nonlocal and determined from a Monte Carlo simulation. This description yields a unified physical picture of discharge behavior in the cathode fall, negative glow, and positive column regions over a wide range of discharge currents.
Dopamine Receptor Gene (DRD1-DRD5) Expression Changes as Stress Factors Associated with Breast Cancer (2015)

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among females worldwide and a most prevalent malignancy in Iranian women. Chronic stress may make an important contribution to cancer, especially in the breast. Numerous studies showed roles of neurotransmitters in the occurrence and progression of cancers which are mediated by their various types of receptors. This study was conducted to evaluate alterations in the expression profile of dopamine receptor genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as stress factors in breast cancer patients and the human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 30 patients and 30 healthy individuals. Total mRNA was extracted from PBMC and MCF-7 cells and RT-PCR was performed to confirm the presence of five dopamine receptors (DRD1-DRD5). Expression changes of dopamine receptor genes were evaluated by real time PCR. We observed that DRD2-DRD4 in PBMCs of breast cancer patients were increased compared to healthy individuals. In addition, all dopamine receptor subtypes but DRD1 were expressed in MCF-7 cells. Therefore, alterations of these receptors as stress factorsshould be assessed for selecting appropriate drugs such as D2-like agonists for treatment of breast cancer after performing complimentary tests. Determining the expression profile of dopamine receptor genes thus seems promising.
Vaccinia Virus Expression Vectors (1987)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More
Inhibition of dendritic Ca2+ spikes by GABAB receptors in cortical pyramidal neurons is mediated by a direct Gi/o‐βγ‐subunit interaction with Cav1 channels (2012)

Voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) serve a wide range of physiological functions and their activity is modulated by different neurotransmitter systems. GABAergic inhibition of VDCCs in neurons has an important impact in controlling transmitter release, neuronal plasticity, gene expression and neuronal excitability. We investigated the molecular signalling mechanisms by which GABA(B) receptors inhibit calcium-mediated electrogenesis (Ca(2+) spikes) in the distal apical dendrite of cortical layer 5 pyramidal neurons. Ca(2+) spikes are the basis of coincidence detection and signal amplification of distal tuft synaptic inputs characteristic for the computational function of cortical pyramidal neurons. By combining dendritic whole-cell recordings with two-photon fluorescence Ca(2+) imaging we found that all subtypes of VDCCs were present in the Ca(2+) spike initiation zone, but that they contribute differently to the initiation and sustaining of dendritic Ca(2+) spikes. Particularly, Ca(v)1 VDCCs are the most abundant VDCC present in this dendritic compartment and they generated the sustained plateau potential characteristic for the Ca(2+) spike. Activation of GABA(B) receptors specifically inhibited Ca(v)1 channels. This inhibition of L-type Ca(2+) currents was transiently relieved by strong depolarization but did not depend on protein kinase activity. Therefore, our findings suggest a novel membrane-delimited interaction of the G(i/o)-βγ-subunit with Ca(v)1 channels identifying this mechanism as the general pathway of GABA(B) receptor-mediated inhibition of VDCCs. Furthermore, the characterization of the contribution of the different VDCCs to the generation of the Ca(2+) spike provides new insights into the molecular mechanism of dendritic computation.
Effect of low-carbohydrate-ketogenic diet on metabolic and hormonal responses to graded exercise in men. (1996)

Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) and lactate threshold (LT) were measured during graded, incremental exercise in 8 healthy, untrained volunteers (aged 22 +/- 0.9 yrs) following 3 days on a control, mixed diet, or a ketogenic (50% fat, 45% protein and 5% carbohydrates) diet of equal energy content. Before and after exercise tests acid base balance, plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta-HB), free fatty acid (FFA), and some hormone concentrations were determined. In comparison with the normal diet, the ketogenic diet resulted in: an increased VO2 max, decreased respiratory exchange ratio an a shift of LT towards higher exercise loads. Blood LA concentrations were lower before, during and after exercise. Post exercise blood pH, as well as pre-and post exercise base excess and bicarbonates were reduced. Resting beta-HB concentration was elevated to approx. 2.0 mM, and FFA to approx. 1.0 mM. During a 1 h recovery period beta-HB decreased to 0.85 mM (p < 0.01) after the ketogenic diet, while plasma FFA did not change after exercise under either conditions. Both the pre-and post-exercise levels of adrenaline, noradrenaline, and cortisol were enhanced, whilst plasma insulin concentration was decreased on the ketogenic diet. It is concluded that the short-term ketogenic diet does not impair aerobic exercise capacity, as indicated by elevated VO2 max and LT. This may be due to increased utilization of beta-HB and FFA when carbohydrate stores are diminished. Stimulation of the sympatho-adrenal system, and cortisol secretion with reduced plasma insulin concentration seem to be of importance for preservation of working capacity.
Polymethylated γ-Carbolines with Potent Anti-Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) Activity (2009)

Several anti-BVDV agents with a polymethylated γ-carboline skeleton were synthesized, and their anti-BVDV activity was evaluated.The most potent antiviral agent, SK3M4M5M (20), was synthesized by Pd-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig amination reaction followed by annulation reaction as key steps.The structure-activity relationship was analyzed.
Painless nonorthogonal expansions (1986)

In a Hilbert space ℋ, discrete families of vectors {hj} with the property that f=∑j〈hj‖ f〉hj for every f in ℋ are considered. This expansion formula is obviously true if the family is an orthonormal basis of ℋ, but also can hold in situations where the hj are not mutually orthogonal and are ‘‘overcomplete.’’ The two classes of examples studied here are (i) appropriate sets of Weyl–Heisenberg coherent states, based on certain (non-Gaussian) fiducial vectors, and (ii) analogous families of affine coherent states. It is believed, that such ‘‘quasiorthogonal expansions’’ will be a useful tool in many areas of theoretical physics and applied mathematics.
All‐Solid Lithium Electrodes with Mixed‐Conductor Matrix (1981)

The concept of a novel all‐solid composite electrode is presented. One example of such a composite contains a finely dispersed reactant, , in a solid mixed‐conducting matrix, . Repeated charging and discharging of such electrodes without appreciable loss of capacity has been demonstrated. The polarization is found to be comparable to values typical of highly porous electrode systems in molten salt electrolytes.
Transduction of LacZ gene into leukemia cells using viral vectors of retrovirus and adenovirus. (1995)

Recent developments in gene therapy techniques enable us to introduce new genetic information into hematopoietic cells. Among the various techniques, we focused on two viral vector systems, one using a retrovirus and the other an adenovirus. By using an adenoviral vector we could transduce and highly express bacterial beta-galactosidase (LacZ) gene under the control of the CAG (cytomegalovirus enhancer with chicken beta-actin promoter) promoter in various hematopoietic cells, although the expression persisted for only two weeks. The retroviral vector (MFG) could transduce the LacZ gene into hematopoietic cells almost as well as the adenoviral vector using the repetitive infection protocol. The retroviral system could maintain the expression of transduced cells quite longer than the adenoviral system. Differential use of these two vector systems may be helpful for the gene transduction into various kinds of hematopoietic cells (Lin et al., manuscript in preparation).
New directions in the management of advanced pancreatic cancer: a review (2008)

Complete surgical resection is the only potentially curative option for pancreatic cancer. However, most patients have advanced/metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis, or will relapse after surgery. Systemic chemotherapy is only palliative. Gemcitabine-based therapy is an acceptable standard for unresectable locally advanced/metastatic pancreatic cancer, but average median survival is only 6 months. The addition of other chemotherapies (including other antimetabolites, platinum, and topoisomerase I inhibitors) or targeted therapies (farnesyl transferase inhibitors, metalloproteinase inhibitors, cetuximab and bevacizumab) to gemcitabine has failed to improve outcome. The combination of gemcitabine and erlotinib, a small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the human epidermal growth factor receptor, was recently approved by the US/European authorities for use in advanced disease. In a phase III trial, the combination demonstrated a significant improvement in overall survival compared with gemcitabine monotherapy. Positive efficacy results have also been observed in a phase III trial, favoring the addition of capecitabine to gemcitabine compared with gemcitabine alone. This review focuses on the recent developments in systemic treatment, and discusses how novel agents might be incorporated into future treatment strategies for pancreatic cancer.
Construction, expression, and biologic activity of murine/human chimeric antibodies with specificity for the human alpha/beta T cell receptor (1991)

Murine/human chimeric antibodies with specificity for the human TCR-alpha/beta have been produced by genetic engineering. The L and H chain V region exons encoding the murine mAb BMA 031 were isolated and inserted into mammalian expression vectors containing the human kappa and gamma 1 or gamma 4 C region exons. The chimeric genes were transfected into murine Sp2/O hybridoma cells by electroporation and transfectomas secreting chimeric antibody were isolated. Secretion levels ranged from 1 to 7 pg/cell/24 h. The chimeric antibodies bound specifically to T cells and competed effectively with the parental murine mAb for binding to these sites. The ability to promote antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytolysis was significantly enhanced in the chimeric antibodies as compared with murine BMA 031. C-dependent cytolysis, however, was not detectable with any of the antibodies. Chimeric BMA 031 is a clinically relevant, genetically engineered antibody with potential uses in transplantation, graft-vs-host disease, autoimmune diseases and other T cell-related disorders.
Thickness‐Dependent Strain Effect on the Deformation of the Graphene‐Encapsulated Au Nanoparticles (2014)

The strain effect on graphene‐encapsulated Au nanoparticles is investigated. A finite‐element calculation is performed to simulate the strain distribution and morphology of the monolayer and multilayer graphene‐encapsulated Au nanoparticles, respectively. It can be found that the inhomogeneous strain and deformation are enhanced with the increasing shrinkage of the graphene shell. Moreover, the strain distribution and deformation are very sensitive to the layer number of the graphene shell. Especially, the inhomogeneous strain at the interface between the graphene shell and encapsulated Au nanoparticles is strongly tuned by the graphene thickness. For the mono‐ and bilayer graphene‐encapsulated Au nanoparticles, the dramatic shape transformation can be observed. However, with increasing the graphene thickness further, there is hardly deformation for the encapsulated Au nanoparticles. These simulated results indicate that the strain and deformation can be designed by the graphene layer thickness, which provides an opportunity to engineer the structure and morphology of the graphene‐encapsulated nanoparticles.
A Novel Architecture to Build Ideal-linearity Neuromorphic Synapses on a Pure Logic FinFET Platform Featuring 2.5ns PGM-time and 1012 Endurance (2019)

In this work, we will explore pure logic FinFET devices to realize the functionality of linear weight tuning capability as electric synapses. The unit cell of this new FinFET synapse is composed of two identical FinFETs in series; one serves as control and the other one as storage. This new FinFET synapse exhibits ideal linearity with nearly infinity training cycles (>10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> ), much lower programming voltage, 0.85V, and faster speed, 2.5ns. It can also analogically increase or decrease the transistor's V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> to vary the drain conductance. As far as the analog performance is concerned, it performs excellent linearity and a wide tuning-window (20×) of weight-tuning capability. 1kb synaptic array has also been designed. The spice-simulated results have shown that new FinFET synaptic array can expand the array-size to 64×64, exhibiting 300× of SNR, w.r.t. that of RRAM array. Finally, the training of the neural network based on the proposed FinFET synapse can achieve 97.43% accuracy as high as the GPU one does.
A radiation hybrid map of the human genome (1996)

We have developed a panel of whole-genome radiation hybrids by fusing irradiated diploid human fibroblasts with recipient hamster cells. This panel of 168 cell lines has been typed with microsatellite markers of known genetic location. Of 711 AFM genetic markers 404 were selected to construct a robust framework map that spans all the autosomes and the X chromosome. To demonstrate the utility of the panel, 374 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) previously assigned to chromosomes 1, 2, 14 and 16 were localized on this map. All of these ESTs could be positioned by pairwise linkage to one of the framework markers with a LOD score of greater than 8. The whole genome radiation hybrid panel described here has been used as the starting material for the Genebridge4 panel that is being made widely available for genome mapping projects.
Development of a glove-type interface for data manipulation of the virtual environment in the operating room (2002)

The purpose of this study was to develop a new glove interface that can manipulate many kinds of objects in virtual space by real hand movements. This glove has the same form and material as a surgical glove, and the user's movements are unrestricted. Thus, while performing operations on a real human body, the user can control many kinds of data that are displayed in virtual space. During operations, the surgeon can handle many kinds of data, for example, synchopexia, MRI images, 3DCT images, and time sequential 3D images by using this glove.
Collagen Integrin Receptors Regulate Early Osteoblast Differentiation Induced by BMP-2 (1999)

Studies in several cell types indicate that the actions of integrin receptors for extracellular matrix and receptors for growth factors are synergistic in regulating cellular differentiation and function. We studied the roles of the alpha1beta1 and alpha2beta1 integrin collagen receptors in regulating the differentiation of 2T3 osteoblastic cells in response to bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2. The immortalized 2T3 cell line was established from the calvaria of mice transgenic for a BMP-2 promoter driving SV40 T-antigen. These cells require exogenous BMP-2, as well as ascorbic acid and beta-glycerolphosphate, for expression of a mature osteoblast phenotype and formation of a mineralized matrix. To determine how integrin receptors for collagen-I affect BMP-2 signaling, function-perturbing anti-rat alpha1 and/or alpha2 integrin subunit, or anti-type I collagen (Col-I), antibodies were added to human recombinant (hr)BMP-2-treated 2T3 cultures at confluence (C0) or at 4 or 8 days postconfluence (C4, C8). After 4 days of exposure to the antibodies, cultures were assayed for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) mRNA levels and enzyme activity and for cAMP production in response to parathyroid hormone. Addition of anti-collagen-I or both anti-integrin-alpha1 and -alpha2 antibodies to C0 cultures blocked expression of these early osteoblast markers by more than 90%, and also blocked mineralization (0.5-1.8% control) of these cells. In all cases, adding anti-alpha1 or anti-alpha2 antibodies separately produced partial effects, while their combined effect approached that of anti-collagen-I. When antibodies were added to more differentiated 2T3 cells, the inhibitory effects decreased. 2T3 cells carrying constitutively active BMP receptor (caBMPR-IB) showed elevated ALP activity without hrBMP-2; this constitutive activity was also suppressed by alpha1 and alpha2 integrin antibodies and by anti-Col-I antibody. Together, our data suggest that a signal(s) from collagen integrin receptors regulates the response to BMP downstream of BMPR-IB and upstream of the regulation of ALP mRNA and other early markers of osteoblast differentiation.
Angiomatous Malformation of Placental Chronic Stem Vessels and Pseudo-Partial Molar Placentas: Report of Five Cases (1993)

Five placentas referred to the Michigan Placental Tissue Registry between 1982 and 1992 exhibited an unusual malformation of chorionic stem vessels. Multiple intestine-like tangles arising from umbilical vessels rested on and entered the chorionic plate. This anomaly appears similar to the "unusual vascular anomaly of the placenta" reported by Lee et al. (Am J Clin Pathol 1991; 95:48-51). In addition, amnionic-type bands were often adherent to the vascular complex. In three cases, clusters of macrocystic villi interspersed by normal placental parenchyma resulted in a partial molar appearance. Two of the infants were stillborn; three were liveborn. Congenital anomalies were not recognized in other organs. Flow cytometric analysis of placental tissue from four specimens disclosed a diploid chromosomal pattern. This rare anomaly complex appears to be a malformation involving the extraembryonic mesoderm rather than a cytogenetic error.
Poly(methylene sebacate): Synthesis and characterization (1992)

Abstract The synthesis of poly(methylene sebacate) was carried out via the reaction of cesium sebacate with bromochloromethane in N ‐methylpyrrolidone over a range of temperatures (55–130°C). A number of polymers having limiting viscosity numbers in the range of 0.29–0.94 dL g −1 (CHCl 3 ; 25°C) were characterized by elemental analyses, 1 H‐ and 13 C‐NMR, DSC, and GPC techniques. The polymerization was found to be very rapid at 100°C, being complete in ca. 15 min. and was relatively insensitive to the stoichiometric ratio of the monomers. As high molecular weight polymers were produced without the quantitative conversion of the reactants, the polymerization is considered to be occurring by an interfacial mechanism.
Alcoholic extraction of vegetable oils. V. Pilot plant extraction of cottonseed by aqueous ethanol (1958)

Summary Cottonseed flakes were extracted by aqueous ethanol in a countercurrent pilot plant unit to determine the effect of operating variables and the optimum operating conditions. This investigation has shown that direct extraction of cottonseed, using aqueous ethanol as a solvent, is a feasible process in the type of equipment developed previously in this laboratory. The optimum operating conditions for the ethanol extraction of cottonseed have been established. The pilot plant extractions have shown that in this process a prime quality of crude oil and lightcolored meal of good quality, with negligible free gossypol content, are obtained.