gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autonomous Vehicle Navigation in Rural Environments Without Detailed Prior Maps (2018)

State-of-the-art autonomous driving systems rely heavily on detailed and highly accurate prior maps. However, outside of small urban areas, it is very challenging to build, store, and transmit detailed maps since the spatial scales are so large. Furthermore, maintaining detailed maps of large rural areas can be impracticable due to the rapid rate at which these environments can change. This is a significant limitation for the widespread applicability of autonomous driving technology, which has the potential for an incredibly positive societal impact. In this paper, we address the problem of autonomous navigation in rural environments through a novel mapless driving framework that combines sparse topological maps for global navigation with a sensor-based perception system for local navigation. First, a local navigation goal within the sensor view of the vehicle is chosen as a waypoint leading towards the global goal. Next, the local perception system generates a feasible trajectory in the vehicle frame to reach the waypoint while abiding by the rules of the road for the segment being traversed. These trajectories are updated to remain in the local frame using the vehicle's odometry and the associated uncertainty based on the least-squares residual and a recursive filtering approach, which allows the vehicle to navigate road networks reliably, and at high speed, without detailed prior maps. We demonstrate the performance of the system on a full-scale autonomous vehicle navigating in a challenging rural environment and benchmark the system on a large amount of collected data.
Design of three-dimensional photonic crystals at submicron lengthscales (1994)

We present a new class of periodic dielectric structures designed specifically to be amenable for fabrication at submicron lengthscales. The structures give rise to a sizable 3D photonic band gap and can be fabricated with materials widely used today in optoelectronic devices. They are made of three materials and consist essentially of a layered structure in which a series of cylindrical air holes are etched at normal incidence through the top surface of the structure. Our results demonstrate the existence of a gap as large as 14% of the midgap frequency using Si, SiO2, and air; and 23% using Si and air.
Transgenic DNA integrated into the oat genome is frequently interspersed by host DNA (1998)

Integration of transgenic DNA into the plant genome was investigated in 13 transgenic oat (Avena sativa L.) lines produced using microprojectile bombardment with one or two cotransformed plasmids. In all transformation events, the transgenic DNA integrated into the plant genome consisted of intact transgene copies that were accompanied by multiple, rearranged, and/or truncated transgene fragments. All fragments of transgenic DNA cosegregated, indicating that they were integrated at single gene loci. Analysis of the structure of the transgenic loci indicated that the transgenic DNA was interspersed by the host genomic DNA. The number of insertions of transgenic DNA within the transgene loci varied from 2 to 12 among the 13 lines. Restriction endonucleases that do not cleave the introduced plasmids produced restriction fragments ranging from 3.6 to about 60 kb in length hybridizing to a probe comprising the introduced plasmids. Although the size of the interspersing host DNA within the transgene locus is unknown, the sizes of the transgene-hybridizing restriction fragments indicated that the entire transgene locus must be at least from 35-280 kb. The observation that all transgenic lines analyzed exhibited genomic interspersion of multiple clustered transgenes suggests a predominating integration mechanism. We propose that transgene integration at multiple clustered DNA replication forks could account for the observed interspersion of transgenic DNA with host genomic DNA within transgenic loci.
Estimation of respiration rate from ECG, BP and PPG signals using empirical mode decomposition (2011)

Estimation of respiration rates from electrocardiogram (ECG), blood pressure (BP) and photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals would be an alternative approach for obtaining respiration related information. This process is useful in situations when, ECG, BP and PPG but not respiration is routinely monitored or in cases where, the cardiac arrhythmias are to be studied in correlation with respiratory information and is extremely important. There have been several efforts on ECG-Derived Respiration (EDR), BP-Derived Respiration (BDR) and PPG Derived Respiration (PDR). These methods are based on different signal processing techniques like filtering, wavelets and other statistical methods, which work by extraction of respiratory trend embedded into various physiological signals, as an additive component, or an amplitude modulated (AM) component or frequency modulated (FM) component. The proposed method is a robust, yet simple and makes use of derived Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMF) using Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). Test results on ECG, BP and PPG signals of the well known MIMIC database from Physiobank archive reveal that the proposed EMD method has efficiently extracted respiratory information from ECG, BP and PPG signals. The evaluated similarity parameters in both time and frequency domains for original and estimated respiratory rates have shown the superiority of the method.
Protein Kinase C-α Phosphorylation of Specific Serines in the Connecting Segment of the β4 Integrin Regulates the Dynamics of Type II Hemidesmosomes (2004)

Although the regulation of hemidesmosome dynamics during processes such as epithelial migration, wound healing, and carcinoma invasion is important, the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. The integrin alpha 6 beta 4 is an essential component of the hemidesmosome and a target of such regulation. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) can induce hemidesmosome disassembly by a mechanism that involves serine phosphorylation of the beta 4 integrin subunit. Using a combination of biochemical and mutational analyses, we demonstrate that EGF induces the phosphorylation of three specific serine residues (S(1356), S(1360), and S(1364)) located within the connecting segment of the beta 4 subunit and that phosphorylation on these residues accounts for the bulk of beta 4 phosphorylation stimulated by EGF. Importantly, phosphorylation of these serines is critical for the ability of EGF to disrupt hemidesmosomes. Using COS-7 cells, which assemble hemidesmosomes type II upon exogenous expression of the alpha 6 beta 4 integrin, we observed that expression of a beta 4 construct containing Ser-->Ala mutations of S(1356), S(1360), and S(1364) reduced the ability of EGF to disrupt hemidesmosomes and that this effect appears to involve cooperation among these phosphorylation sites. Moreover, expression of Ser-->Asp mutants that mimic constitutive phosphorylation reduced hemidesmosome formation. Protein kinase C-alpha (PKC-alpha) is the kinase responsible for phosphorylating at least two of these serines, based on in vitro kinase assays, peptide mapping, and mutational analysis. Together, these results highlight the importance of serine phosphorylation in regulating type II hemidesmosome disassembly, implicate a cluster of serine residues within the connecting segment of beta 4, and argue for a key role for PKC-alpha in regulating these structures.
Anti‐hyperalgesic effect of octreotide in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (2003)

Octreotide effectively increased discomfort thresholds in irritable bowel syndrome patients, but not in controls, at baseline and during experimentally induced rectal hyperalgesia. These findings suggest that octreotide exerts primarily an anti-hyperalgesic rather than analgesic effect on visceral perception.
Acetoacetate as fuel of respiration in the perfused rat heart (1961)

Research Article| September 01 1961 Acetoacetate as fuel of respiration in the perfused rat heart JR WILLIAMSON; JR WILLIAMSON Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar HA KREBS HA KREBS Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1961) 80 (3): 540–547. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0800540 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation JR WILLIAMSON, HA KREBS; Acetoacetate as fuel of respiration in the perfused rat heart. Biochem J 1 September 1961; 80 (3): 540–547. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0800540 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1961 The Biochemical Society1961 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Teletext in the USA (1981)

This paper describes the current status of teletext in the USA, covering: (1) the standardization activities of the Teletext Subcommittee of the EIA/BTS Committee, (2) the CBS petition to the FCC, and (3) the local network on-air experiments being conducted to evaluate various systems.
The 3D interconnection-an enhanced densification approach with bare chips (2002)

The author proposes interconnecting the bare chips along the Z axis rather than in the XY plane, thereby enabling a large enhancement of densification (by a factor of five to eight). This technique also substantially improves the high-frequency behavior of ICs. Inductances are very low, for example, since the longest conductor will not exceed 4.8 mm in length. In addition, the capacitances of the conductors, compared with those of the chips' silicon lateral areas, are 10 to 100 times less than they would be with an on-polyimide thin-film interconnection. An application consisting of a cube of eight stacked 256-kb SRAMs is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effect of small inhomogeneities on dose in a cobalt‐60 beam (1981)

The effect of small ring-shaped cavities on the dose delivered by a cobalt-60 beam to a homogeneous medium was studied experimentally and theoretically. Changes as small as 1 x 10(-4) of the total dose were measured. Experimental results show that, depending on the position of the cavity, replacing water with a small cavity can either increase or decrease scatter dose to a point in the medium. The increase in scatter dose was not anticipated and to our knowledge is not predicted by any of the presently available inhomogeneity dose correction algorithms used in treatment planning. Calculations were based on the perturbations of first and second scatter dose contributions and show that the presence of a cavity in the medium introduces three processes that decrease scatter dose and five that increase it. The calculated net effect is in good agreement with experiment. Additional calculations show that the effect of a single small inhomogeneity cannot be easily extrapolated to larger inhomogeneities and that multiple inhomogeneities do not act independently. Results from this study demonstrate two constraints that must be satisfied by future dose calculation algorithms: (i) they must correctly determine dose in a homogeneous non-unit density material, and (ii) they must account for the change in dose due to small inhomogeneities in the medium.
A 2.4 GOPS data-driven reconfigurable multiprocessor IC for DSP (2002)

Existing hardware prototyping platforms, often based on commercial processors or FPGAs, cannot cope with the high computation requirements of complex DSP algorithms, especially those with high sampling rate and heterogeneous data-now patterns. The multiprocessor IC presented here is designed to handle these types of algorithms. The chip presented here contains 48 16 b PEs interconnected by a 2-level high bandwidth communication network.
Targeted Therapy in Breast Cancer: Current Status and Future Directions (2010)

Targeted drugs against breast cancer are being developed centering around ones targeting HER2. In addition to trastuzumab and lapatinib that were already approved in Japan, promising drugs are being developed one after another. Basic mechanisms of their action and resistance emergence are being clarified step by step. In consideration of extraordinarily high medical expenditures of targeted drugs compared with conventional cytotoxic anticancer agents, it is critical to choose a targeted drug from a standpoint that it has definitely different features besides high efficacy and it has predictive factors which enable accurate anticipation of effects or adverse events. It will be confusing for the time being how each targeted drug is used properly in terms of the prescription order or combinations with chemotherapy. Over the middle- or long-term, clinical trials comparing these drugs will be conducted until clinically effective and easy-to-use targeted drugs in a true sense survive. Clinical handling of targeted drugs is not easy if conducted in the conventional way. Whereas conventional cytotoxic anticancer agents have major adverse events like nausea/vomiting or myelosuppression in common, such a variety of side effects occur in the use of targeted drugs as vary greatly according to different mechanisms of action of individual drugs. Oncologists will be required to master appropriate initial therapy to treat them; on the other hand, oncologists need to cooperate with specialists in other fields more than they used to.
Granzyme B-induced loss of mitochondrial inner membrane potential (Delta Psi m) and cytochrome c release are caspase independent. (1999)

CTLs kill targets by inducing them to die through apoptosis. A number of morphological and biochemical events are now recognized as characteristic features of the apoptotic program. Among these, the disruption of the inner mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Delta Psi m) and the release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm appear to be early events in many systems, leading to the activation of caspase-3 and, subsequently, nuclear apoptosis. We show here that, in Jurkat targets treated in vitro with purified granzyme B and perforin or granzyme B and adenovirus, Delta Psi m collapse, reactive oxygen species production, and cytochrome c release from mitochondria were observed. Loss of Delta Psi m was also detected in an in vivo system where green fluorescent protein-expressing targets were attacked by a cytotoxic T cell line that kills predominantly through the granzyme pathway. DNA fragmentation, phosphatidylserine externalization, and reactive oxygen species production were inhibited in the presence of the caspase inhibitors benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone (zVAD-fmk) and benzyloxycarbonyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone (zDEVD-fmk) in our in vitro system. Importantly, in either the in vitro or in vivo systems, these inhibitors at concentrations up to 100 microM did not prevent Delta Psi m collapse. In addition, cytochrome c release was observed in the in vitro system in the absence or presence of zVAD-fmk. Thus the granzyme B-dependent killing pathway in Jurkat targets involves mitochondrial alterations that occur independently of caspases.
In Vivo Chemistry for Pretargeted Tumor Imaging in Live Mice (2010)

Mice and men: An antibody conjugate with trans-cyclooctene was administered to tumor-bearing mice, and the resulting chemically tagged tumors were subsequently treated with an 111In-labeled tetrazine probe in an inverse-electron-demand Diels–Alder reaction. The adduct was formed in a remarkable 52–57 % yield in vivo and used for non-invasive pretargeted tumor imaging in mice (see picture). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Epidemiological Evidence of Relationships between Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Mortality in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (1992)

This evaluation of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial database investigated the effects of dietary PUFA on disease outcomes that may relate to polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) biochemistry. The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial was a randomized clinical trial in coronary heart disease (CHD) primary prevention involving 12,866 middle-aged men determined to be at high risk of CHD. They were assigned to either a special intervention group or a usual care group and returned to clinics on an annual basis for assessment of risk factor status. Only data on the usual care men (n = 6,250) are presented, since the multi-intervention effects on the special intervention group introduce considerable analytic complexities. Mean PUFA intake estimates were calculated from four dietary recall interviews at baseline and follow-up Years 1, 2, and 3 and estimates for PUFA were established using absolute grams, percentage of total kilocalories, and ratios. Proportional hazards regression analysis controlling for age, race and baseline diastolic blood pressure, smoking, high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and alcohol was used to analyze dietary PUFA intakes on 10.5-year mortality rates. Results were more significant when PUFA were expressed as percentage of total kilocalories. No significant associations with mortality were detected for linoleic acid (18:2n-6), the predominant dietary PUFA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Complete Chemical Modification of Amine and Acid Functional Groups of Peptides and Small Proteins (2011)

The chemical modification of protein thiols by reduction and alkylation is common in the preparation of proteomic samples for analysis by mass spectrometry (MS). Modification at other functional groups has received less attention in MS-based proteomics. Amine modification (Lys, N-termini) by reductive dimethylation or by acylation (e.g., iTRAQ labeling) has recently gained some popularity in peptide-based approaches (bottom-up MS). Modification at acidic groups (Asp, Glu, C-termini) has been explored very minimally. Here, we describe a sequential labeling strategy that enables complete modification of thiols, amines, and acids on peptides or small intact proteins. This method includes (1) the reduction and alkylation of thiols, (2) the reductive dimethylation of amines, and (3) the amidation of acids with any of several amines. This chemical modification scheme offers several options both for the incorporation of stable isotopes for relative quantification and for improving peptides or proteins as MS analytes.
Defective cystathionine beta-synthase regulation by S-adenosylmethionine in a partially pyridoxine responsive homocystinuria patient. (1996)

We determined the molecular basis of cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) deficiency in a partially pyridoxine-responsive homocystinuria patient. Direct sequencing of the entire CBS cDNA revealed the presence of a homozygous G1330A transition. This mutation causes an amino acid change from aspartic acid to asparagine (D444N) in the regulatory domain of the protein and abolishes a TaqI restriction site at DNA level. Despite the homozygous mutation, CBS activities in extracts of cultured fibroblasts of this patient were not in the homozygous but in the heterozygous range. Furthermore, we observed no stimulation of CBS activity by S-adenosylmethionine, contrary to a threefold stimulation in control fibroblast extract. The mutation was introduced in an E. coli expression system and CBS activities were measured after addition of different S-adenosylmethionine concentrations (0-200 microM). Again, we observed a defective stimulation of CBS activity by S-adenosylmethionine in the mutated construct, whereas the normal construct showed a threefold stimulation in activity. These data suggest that this D444N mutation interferes in S-adenosylmethionine regulation of CBS. Furthermore, it indicates the importance of S-adenosylmethionine regulation of the transsulfuration pathway in homocysteine homeostasis in humans.
Tracking lung tissue motion and expansion/compression with inverse consistent image registration and spirometry (2007)

Breathing motion is one of the major limiting factors for reducing dose and irradiation of normal tissue for conventional conformal radiotherapy. This paper describes a relationship between tracking lung motion using spirometry data and image registration of consecutive CT image volumes collected from a multislice CT scanner over multiple breathing periods. Temporal CT sequences from 5 individuals were analyzed in this study. The couch was moved from 11 to 14 different positions to image the entire lung. At each couch position, 15 image volumes were collected over approximately 3 breathing periods. It is assumed that the expansion and contraction of lung tissue can be modeled as an elastic material. Furthermore, it is assumed that the deformation of the lung is small over one-fifth of a breathing period and therefore the motion of the lung can be adequately modeled using a small deformation linear elastic model. The small deformation inverse consistent linear elastic image registration algorithm is therefore well suited for this problem and was used to register consecutive image scans. The pointwise expansion and compression of lung tissue was measured by computing the Jacobian of the transformations used to register the images. The logarithm of the Jacobian was computed so that expansion and compression of the lung were scaled equally. The log-Jacobian was computed at each voxel in the volume to produce a map of the local expansion and compression of the lung during the breathing period. These log-Jacobian images demonstrate that the lung does not expand uniformly during the breathing period, but rather expands and contracts locally at different rates during inhalation and exhalation. The log-Jacobian numbers were averaged over a cross section of the lung to produce an estimate of the average expansion or compression from one time point to the next and compared to the air flow rate measured by spirometry. In four out of five individuals, the average log-Jacobian value and the air flow rate correlated well (R2 = 0.858 on average for the entire lung). The correlation for the fifth individual was not as good (R2 = 0.377 on average for the entire lung) and can be explained by the small variation in tidal volume for this individual. The correlation of the average log-Jacobian value and the air flow rate for images near the diaphragm correlated well in all five individuals (R2 = 0.943 on average). These preliminary results indicate a strong correlation between the expansion/compression of the lung measured by image registration and the air flow rate measured by spirometry. Predicting the location, motion, and compression/expansion of the tumor and normal tissue using image registration and spirometry could have many important benefits for radiotherapy treatment. These benefits include reducing radiation dose to normal tissue, maximizing dose to the tumor, improving patient care, reducing treatment cost, and increasing patient throughput.