gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Waterborne coatings and additives (1995)

Part 1 Applications and Performance: Waterborne Polymers: Design for Performance, J.B. Clarke and E. Alston The Preparation and Application of Alkyd Emulsions, G.H. Dekker Structure/Property Relationships in Waterborne Epoxy Resin Emulsions, A. Wegmann Aqueous Polymeric Coatings for Textiles, T. Matthews Waterborne Maintenance Systems for Concrete and Metal Structures, G.A. Howarth. Part 2 Crosslinkers: An Overview of Crosslinking in Waterborne Coatings, J. W. Nicholson Development and Application of Waterborne Radiation Curable Coatings, W.D. Dawes and L. Hutchinson Chemistry of Amino Resins and Their Cross-linking Mechanisms, R. M. Barreu Waterborne Two-pack Polyurethane Coatings for Industrial Applications, A. Bittner and P. Ziegler. Part 3 Coatings and Pollution Legislation: Coatings and the Development of Air Pollution Legislation, S.T. Smith. Part 4 Additives: Foam Control Agents for Waterborne Coatings, E.C.L. van Laere An Additives Approach to Defect Elimination in Thermoplastic Waterborne Industrial Maintenance Coatings, J. Schwartz, S.V. Bogar, and W.R. Dougherty Metallic Pigments for Waterbased Coatings, W. Reiber, A. Fetz, and E. Roth Polymeric Surfactants and Their Application in Resin Emulsification, A. Bouvy and A. Opstaele Microbiological Protection of Waterborne Paint Formulations, J.W. Gillatt Synthetic Clay Rheology Modifiers for Water Based Coatings, P.K. Jenness The Effect of Driers in Waterborne, Oxidatively Drying Surface Coatings, J.H. Bieleman A Silver Lining for Paints and Coatings - A Revolutionary Preservative System, K.D. Brunt.
Oligomerization State-dependent Activation of NF-κB Signaling Pathway by Adipocyte Complement-related Protein of 30 kDa (Acrp30) (2002)

Adipocyte complement-related protein of 30 kDa (Acrp30)/adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that affects lipid and glucose metabolism in muscle and liver, but its physical and biochemical properties are poorly characterized. Here we have used several approaches to show that Acrp30 expressed in and purified from Escherichia coli and human embryonic kidney 293T cells forms trimers and hexamers; 293T cells also produce a higher molecular weight species. Similar Acrp30 oligomers were found in mouse serum as well as in 3T3-L1 adipocyte-conditioned medium, although in different proportions. In parallel, we assessed whether Acrp30 is a signaling molecule by searching for promoter or enhancer elements that respond to Acrp30 or its isolated trimeric globular C-terminal domain, gAcrp30. Acrp30 addition to C2C12 myocytes or myotubes led to activation of NF-kappa B transcription factor in a manner dependent upon phosphorylation and degradation of I kappa B-alpha. Importantly, only hexameric and larger isoforms of Acrp30 activated NF-kappa B; trimeric Acrp30 or gAcrp30 could not activate NF-kappa B. Our data indicate that oligomerization of Acrp30 is important for at least some of its biological activities, and changes in the relative abundance of each oligomeric isoform in plasma may regulate Acrp30 activity.
Protein-protein interaction between cytoglobin and metallothionein II (2007)

Objective:To elucidate the molecular mechanism of protective effect of cytoglobin(CGB) against oxidative injury of cells through a study of interactions between CGB and those known.Methods:The yeast two-hybrid system was used to screen the fetal brain cDNA library and to obtain the positive clones interacting with CGB.Then the cDNAs obtained were sequenced and identified by the BLAST program.After that,the protein-protein interaction was further studied by yeast backcross technique and immunofluorescence co-localization and co-immunoprecipitation assay.Results:Metallothionein Ⅱ(MT2) was a candidate protein interacting with CGB.The interaction of CGB with MT2 could be detected both in vitro and in vivo.Conclusion: Since MT2 is expressed in almost each kind of tissues and is considered as a stress-related protein capable of clearing oxidative free radicals and protecting cells against oxidative insult,CGB may combine with MT2 to regulate cellular redox homeostasis and can be used as a means of protecting cells from oxidative injury.
Accumulation of Myeloperoxidase-Positive Neutrophils in Atherosclerotic Lesions in LDLR −/− Mice (2007)

We here demonstrate for the first time the presence of neutrophils and myeloperoxidase in murine atherosclerotic lesions. As a major cell type in inflammatory responses the neutrophil may also be an important mediator in the development of atherosclerosis.
Characterization of regions of fibronectin besides the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid sequence required for adhesive function of the cell-binding domain using site-directed mutagenesis (1991)

Previous studies of adhesion mediated by the central cell-binding domain of fibronectin suggest that additional polypeptide information besides the Arg-Gly-Asp sequence is required for full activity. We analyzed this putative second, synergistic region of fibronectin more extensively by deletion analysis and oligonucleotide-based site-directed mutagenesis. Resulting mutated fusion proteins expressed using lambda gt11 were assayed for baby hamster kidney fibroblast cell spreading activity. Deletion mutants truncating from the amino terminus showed a decrease of activity in two apparently discrete steps. Complementary studies using a series of overlapped internal deletions designed to retain the repetitive fibronectin structure also indicated that two distinct peptide regions besides the RGD sequence were necessary for full activity. Removal of the carboxyl-terminal region resulted in the greatest loss of activity (greater than or equal to 20- versus 3-5-fold). Very similar results were obtained with HT-1080 cells dependent on the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin receptor for adhesion to fibronectin. An anti-fibronectin monoclonal antibody that inhibits cell adhesion was found to bind to the carboxyl-terminal functional region, and a point mutation caused specific loss of its epitope. These studies reveal unexpected complexity in the organization of these functional regions, which contrasts with adhesion models based only on simple, short peptide recognition sequences.
Development of a DNA Barcode Tagging Method for Monitoring Dynamic Changes in Gene Expression by using an Ultra High-Throughput Sequencer (2008)

CAGE (cap analysis of gene expression) is a method for identifying transcription start sites by sequencing the first 20 or 21 nucleotides from the 5' end of capped transcripts, allowing genome-wide promoter analyses to be performed. The potential of the CAGE as a form of expression profiling was limited previously by sequencing technology and the labor-intensive protocol. Here we describe an improved CAGE method for use with a next generation sequencer. This modified method allows the identification of the RNA source of each CAGE tag within a pooled library by introducing DNA tags (barcodes). The method not only drastically improves the sequencing capacity, but also contributes to savings in both time and budget. Additionally, this pooled CAGE tag method enables the dynamic changes in promoter usage and gene expression to be monitored.
Magnetic nanowires for acoustic sensors (invited) (2006)

Tiny hairlike sensors or cilia play a very important role in detection for many biological species, including humans. This research took inspiration from the packaging and transduction processes of the inner ear’s cochlea and cilia to design acoustic sensors. Specifically, this work uses nanowires of magnetostrictive materials as artificial cilia to sense acoustic signals. Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates with hexagonal spacings were fabricated using a two-step anodization process as well as nanoimprint assisted self-assembly and were characterized using atomic force microscopy. Patterned microelectrodes were also fabricated at the backside of several templates using photolithography. Ni, Co, and Galfenol (Fe1−xGax0.1⩽x⩽0.25at.%) nanowires were fabricated using electrochemical deposition into nanoporous AAO templates where the pores had various geometries and some had large-area ordering as dictated by nanoimprinting. High aspect ratio nanowires with diameters varying from 10 to 200 nm and lengths up to 60μm were fabricated in arrays and were collectively and individually characterized using scanning electron microscopy. Galfenol thin films, fabricated electrochemically using a Hull cell, were characterized using x-ray diffraction and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy to determine the optimum current density for deposition. The magnetic response of millimeter-scale cantilevered beams to dynamic bending loads was also measured and compared to constitutive and free-energy models. A giant magnetoresistive sensor behind the beam measured the magnetic response of mechanical excitation applied to the tip of each rod and validated the models. Potenial applications of these nanowire cilia include sonar arrays, underwater cameras, and medical devices.
Effect of Recombinant Human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor on Hematopoietic Reconstitution after High-Dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation (1988)

Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rHuGM-CSF) has been reported to increase the leukocyte count in subhuman primates subjected to total-body irradiation and in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. We administered this substance to 19 patients with breast cancer or melanoma treated with high-dose combination chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow support. Groups of three or four patients were treated with 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 16.0, or 32.0 micrograms per kilogram of body weight per day of glycosylated rHuGM-CSF by continuous intravenous infusion for 14 days, beginning three hours after bone marrow infusion. Total leukocyte and granulocyte recovery was accelerated in these patients as compared with 24 historical controls matched for age, diagnosis, and treatment. Leukocyte counts (mean +/- SD) obtained 14 days after transplantation were 1511 +/- 1003 per microliter in patients given 2 to 8 micrograms per kilogram per day, 2575 +/- 2304 in those given 16 micrograms, and 3120 +/- 1744 in those given 32 micrograms, as compared with 863 +/- 645 per microliter in the controls. No consistent effect on platelet counts was noted. Toxic effects were generally mild and not clearly dose-related in patients given 2 to 16 micrograms per kilogram per day. Edema, weight gain, or myalgias occurred in all patients given 32 micrograms per kilogram; marked weight gain, generalized edema, pleural effusions, and hypotension developed in two patients, one of whom also had acute renal failure. Our results indicate that rHuGM-CSF can accelerate myeloid recovery after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation, over a range of doses that can be tolerated. In this setting the ability to increase the dose is limited by the development of myalgias and fluid retention.
Microrobots for Minimally Invasive Medicine (2010)

Microrobots have the potential to revolutionize many aspects of medicine. These untethered, wirelessly controlled and powered devices will make existing therapeutic and diagnostic procedures less invasive and will enable new procedures never before possible. The aim of this review is threefold: first, to provide a comprehensive survey of the technological state of the art in medical microrobots; second, to explore the potential impact of medical microrobots and inspire future research in this field; and third, to provide a collection of valuable information and engineering tools for the design of medical microrobots.
Bromodomains as therapeutic targets (2011)

Acetylation of lysine residues is a post-translational modification with broad relevance to cellular signalling and disease biology. Enzymes that 'write' (histone acetyltransferases, HATs) and 'erase' (histone deacetylases, HDACs) acetylation sites are an area of extensive research in current drug development, but very few potent inhibitors that modulate the 'reading process' mediated by acetyl lysines have been described. The principal readers of ɛ-N-acetyl lysine (K(ac)) marks are bromodomains (BRDs), which are a diverse family of evolutionary conserved protein-interaction modules. The conserved BRD fold contains a deep, largely hydrophobic acetyl lysine binding site, which represents an attractive pocket for the development of small, pharmaceutically active molecules. Proteins that contain BRDs have been implicated in the development of a large variety of diseases. Recently, two highly potent and selective inhibitors that target BRDs of the BET (bromodomains and extra-terminal) family provided compelling data supporting targeting of these BRDs in inflammation and in an aggressive type of squamous cell carcinoma. It is likely that BRDs will emerge alongside HATs and HDACs as interesting targets for drug development for the large number of diseases that are caused by aberrant acetylation of lysine residues.
Hemodialysis Arteriovenous Fistula Maturity: US Evaluation (2002)

US measurements of AVF at 2-4 months in patients undergoing hemodialysis are highly predictive of fistula maturation and adequacy for dialysis.
Beware of the commercialization of human cells and tissues: situation in the European Union (2012)

With this analysis we would like to raise some issues that emerge as a result of recent evolutions in the burgeoning field of human cells, tissues, and cellular and tissue-based product (HCT/P) transplantation, and this in the light of the current EU regulatory framework. This paper is intended as an open letter addressed to the EU policy makers, who will be charged with the review and revision of the current legislation. We propose some urgent corrections or additions to cope with the rapid advances in biomedical science, an extensive commercialization of HCT/Ps, and the growing expectation of the general public regarding the ethical use of altruistically donated cells and tissues. Without a sound wake-up call, the diverging interests of this newly established 'healthcare' industry and the wellbeing of humanity will likely lead to totally unacceptable situations, like some of which we are reporting here.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of poly-.gamma.-glutamyl metabolites of 10-deazaaminopterin and 10-ethyl-10-deazaaminopterin (1988)

The chemical synthesis of a series of poly-gamma-glutamyl metabolites of the experimental anticancer drugs 10-deazaaminopterin (10-DAAM) and 10-ethyl-10-deazaaminopterin (10-EDAAM) has been carried out by the solid-phase procedure. The synthetic products were identical with the poly-gamma-glutamyl metabolites of radiolabeled 10-DAAM and 10-EDAAM produced by normal mouse tissues with regard to elution volume from [(diethylamino)ethyl]cellulose columns and susceptibility to hydrolysis by human plasma folylpolyglutamate hydrolase. Poly-gamma-glutamyl metabolites with a glutamate chain length of up to four glutamate residues were detected in the tissues. The antifolate activity was evaluated with methotrexate (MTX) sensitive and MTX-resistant strains of Lactobacillus casei and Streptococcus faecium. In general, inhibitory potency decreases with increasing Glu chain length. However there are two exceptions. Addition of one Glu residue to 10-DAAM enhances its potency for MTX-resistant L. casei and addition of one Glu residue to 10-EDAAM enhances its potency for the MTX-sensitive L. casei. As shown earlier for MTX polyglutamates, polyglutamylation greatly enhances the inhibitory potency of 10-DAAM and 10-EDAAM for L. casei thymidylate synthase. MTX polyglutamates are 15-30 times more inhibitory than the corresponding 10-DAAM derivatives and 30-60 times more inhibitory than the corresponding 10-EDAAM derivatives. Polyglutamylation of 10-DAAM had little influence on its ability to inhibit L. casei dihydrofolate reductase; however, with 10-EDAAM, addition of one or two Glu residues enhanced its inhibitory potency 2.3-fold.
Different Steady State Subcellular Distributions of the Three Splice Variants of Lysosome-associated Membrane Protein LAMP-2 Are Determined Largely by the COOH-terminal Amino Acid Residue (1997)

The extensively glycosylated lysosome-associated membrane proteins (LAMP)-2a, b, and c are derived from a single gene by alternative splicing that produces proteins with differences in the transmembrane and cytosolic domains. The lysosomal targeting signals reside in the cytosolic domain of these proteins. LAMPs are not restricted to lysosomes but can also be found in endosomes and at the cell surface. We investigated the subcellular distribution of chimeras comprised of the lumenal domain of avian LAMP-1 and the alternatively spliced domains of avian LAMP-2. Chimeras with the LAMP-2c cytosolic domain showed predominantly lysosomal distribution, while higher levels of chimeras with the LAMP-2a or b cytosolic domain were present at the cell surface. The increase in cell surface expression was due to differences in the recognition of the targeting signals and not saturation of intracellular trafficking machinery. Site-directed mutagenesis defined the COOH-terminal residue of the cytosolic tail as critical in governing the distributions of LAMP-2a, b, and c between intracellular compartments and the cell surface.
Using MetaScribe to prototype a UML to C++/Ada95 code generator (2002)

The use of program generation from graphical representations like UML is increasing in software projects. The notion of hypergenericity is being posited to improve program generators. This paper presents MetaScribe, a tool designed to build program generators, which provides guidelines to program generator designers and has enhanced facilities for reusability. An example illustrates the use of MetaScribe: the construction of program generators from UML class diagrams to C++ and Ada95.
Immobilized-metal affinity and hydroxyapatite chromatography of genetically engineered subtilisin (1989)

High-performance immobilized-metal affinity and hydroxyapatite chromatography were employed to investigate the engineered subtilisin S1 binding site microenvironment. Although these methods are classified as affinity techniques, unlike traditional affinity columns, both are capable of probing the entire surface of a molecule. The metal chelate study employed gradient elution to assemble retention maps for a wide range of mobile-phase pH. Resolution of single substitution variants was achieved at the optimum mobile-phase pH. A total of four metals were applied separately to the metal chelate column to investigate ligand specificity with respect to protein retention. Hydroxyapatite chromatography, albeit an established technique, has only recently been developed as a high-performance chromatographic method. Gradient elution separations were performed to determine selectivity. Immobilized-metal affinity chromatography was found to be the more effective method for the separation of site-specific variants.
Meningococcal lipopolysaccharides: virulence factor and potential vaccine component. (1993)

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are surface components of the outer membrane of Neisseria meningitidis. Today, 12 different types of meningococcal LPS (immunotypes) are known, of which 3 are prevalent in the western world. The differences between these immunotypes are in the oligosaccharide part of the LPS molecule and consist of small differences in the oligosaccharide structure, the amount and location of phosphoethanolamine groups, and the degree of O acetylation of individual monosaccharides. Although the differences between the various immunotypes are small, they have a profound influence on the immunochemical and immunological properties of these molecules. Furthermore, each individual strain synthesizes a number of different LPS molecules. The expression of the various components (protective epitopes) is influenced by growth conditions and growth phase. Meningococci can endogenously sialyate their LPS, which constitutes one of the mechanisms by which N. meningitidis can evade the response of the human host. Meningococcal LPS play a key role in the induction of septic shock and can probably enhance the invasiveness of meningococcal strains and shield protective epitopes. Therefore, incorporation of (detoxified) LPS or oligosaccharide components derived therefrom might be very beneficial for the efficacy of a vaccine against group B meningococci. An overview of the development of vaccines against group B meningococci is given, and the status and potential of meningococcal LPS-derived (synthetic) oligosaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines are discussed.
Local Allocation of End-to-End Quality-of-Service in High-Speed Networks (1993)

Quality-of-service (QOS) requirements for applications in high-speed networks are typically specified on an end-to-end basis. Mapping this end-to-end requirement to nodal requirements facilitates providing QOS guarantees and simplifies connection admission. In this paper, we evaluate strategies for local allocation of the end-to-end QOS. A QOS allocation policy is said to perform better than another when the maximum network load that it can support is greater. A major contribution of this work is the development of a nodal metric that predicts the relative performance of QOS allocation policies in a network setting. Computation of the nodal metric and direct evaluation of allocation policy performance for two simple network models yield valuable insight into the choice of allocation policies. It is found that with the packet loss probability as the QOS metric, there is little difference in the performance of allocation policies in the regime of applications with low loss requirements. ...
Postprandial Plasma-glucose and -insulin Responses to Different Complex Carbohydrates (1977)

We have studied the effects of dextrose, rice, potato, corn, and bread on postprandial plasma glucose and insulin responses in 16 subjects. All carbohydrate loads were calculated to contain 50 gm. of glucose. The data demonstrate (1) that dextrose and potato elicited similar plasma glucose responses whereas rice, corn, and bread elicited lower responses; (2) similarly, dextrose and potato elicited similar and greater plasma insulin responses than rice and corn, with the response to bread being intermediate; (3) when the study group was divided in half, on the basis of each subject's one-hour plasma glucose response to dextrose, the differences in the plasma glucose and insulin responses were greater in the subjects with the highest glucose response to dextrose than in the low responders. In conclusion, there is a range of plasma-glucose and insulin responses to different complex carbohydrates, with rice and corn producing the lowest response curves. Furthermore, these differences are accentuated in patients with reduced glucose tolerance.