gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Starvation in Man (1970)

ALTHOUGH it has been known for over a century that fat is the principal storage form of energy, only in the past two decades have the physiologic mechanisms for its deposition and mobilization been partially clarified. Benedict,1 in his classic study on Mr. L., a normal man who over 50 years ago fasted experimentally for 30 days, noted that fat provided more than 75 per cent of the calories utilized after the first few days of food deprivation. He also observed a progressive decrease in daily urinary nitrogen excretion that suggested an increasing conservation of body protein. In this review . . .
Comparison of the triboluminescent properties for europium tetrakis and ZnS:Mn powders (2012)

In this study, effects of the variation in the dielectric barrier discharge's (DBD) gap distance and the nature of dielectric layers which cover both of the reactor electrodes on the electron density, mass fraction of excited argon atoms across the discharge gap, mean electron energy, ion and electron current density, and electron temperature are investigated at atmospheric pressure.In order to find the optimal reactor gap, the DBD's average power consumption is studied.The achievements show that when the value of dielectric constant is increased from 7.6 to 10, discharge gap of 1 mm still demonstrates the maximum power consumption, which can be considered as the optimum discharge gap.To optimize the characteristics of one-dimensional modeling of DBD system for material treatment, various types of materials with different values of the permittivity [aluminum, glass (quartz) and silicon] are embedded in the discharge gap between the two electrodes.In this case, the reactor gap is changed from 0.5 mm to 2 mm, while the dielectric constant of the dielectric layers which cover both of the metallic electrodes is assumed to be 10.Compared to the other examined materials, our numerical results illustrate that the treated material with higher value of the relative permittivity (silicon) has greater influences on the variations in the electron density, argon ion density and also total plasma current density than in the values of excited argon atom density, mass fraction of excited argon atoms and also average power consumption.
Recombinant hirustasin: Production in yeast, crystallization, and interaction with serine proteases (1997)

A synthetic gene coding for the 55-amino acid protein hirustasin, a novel tissue kallikrein inhibitor from the leech Hirudo medicinalis, was generated by polymerase chain reaction using overlapping oligonucleotides, fused to the yeast alpha-factor leader sequence and expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Recombinant hirustasin was secreted mainly as incompletely processed fusion protein, but could be processed in vitro using a soluble variant of the yeast yscF protease. The processed hirustasin was purified to better than 97% purity. N-terminal sequence analysis and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry confirmed a correctly processed N-terminus and the expected amino acid sequence and molecular mass. The biological activity of recombinant hirustasin was identical to that of the authentic leech protein. Crystallized hirustasin alone and in complex with tissue kallikrein diffracted beyond 1.4 A and 2.4 A, respectively. In order to define the reactive site of the inhibitor, the interaction of hirustasin with kallikrein, chymotrypsin, and trypsin was investigated by monitoring complex formation in solution as well as proteolytic cleavage of the inhibitor. During incubation with high, nearly equimolar concentration of tissue kallikrein, hirustasin was cleaved mainly at the peptide bond between Arg 30 and Ile 31, the putative reactive site, to yield a modified inhibitor. In the corresponding complex with chymotrypsin, mainly uncleaved hirustasin was found and cleaved hirustasin species accumulated only slowly. Incubation with trypsin led to several proteolytic cleavages in hirustasin with the primary scissile peptide bond located between Arg 30 and Ile 31. Hirustasin appears to fall into the class of protease inhibitors displaying temporary inhibition.
Cancer Anti-angiogenic Therapy (2004)

Tumor angiogenesis affords new targets for cancer therapy, since inhibition of angiogenesis suppresses tumor growth by cutting out the supply of oxygen and nutrients. Anti-angiogenic therapy is thought to be free of the severe side effects that are usually seen with cytotoxic anticancer drugs. Furthermore, anti-angiogenic therapy is thought not only to eradicate primary tumor tissues, but also to suppress tumor metastases. However, it is uncertain whether this therapy causes tumor regression because it inhibits only angiogenic events. Recently, a novel anti-angiogenic therapy called anti-neovascular therapy (ANET) has become notable. This therapy inflicts indirect lethal damage on tumor cells by damaging newly formed blood vessels using anti-cancer drugs targeting the angiogenic vasculature, since cytotoxic anti-cancer drugs cause damage to proliferating neovascular endothelial cells as well as tumor cells. Moreover, neovascular endothelial cells would not be expected to acquire drug-resistance. Traditional chemotherapy, which directly targets tumor cells, has potential problems such as low specificity and severe side effects. On the contrary, in ANET, severe side effects may be suppressed, since traditional anti-cancer agents are delivered to the neovessels by DDS technology. Besides the usage of DDS technology, anti-neovascular scheduling of chemotherapy, or metronomic-dosing chemotherapy, has also been attempted in which anti-cancer drugs are administered on a schedule to damage neovessels. In this review, we describe traditional anti-angiogenic therapy and ANET. We also discuss anti-angiogenic cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT), since PDT is clinically applied to treat age-related macular degeneration (AMD), in which uncontrolled angiogenesis occurs.
A Laboratory Study of Cement and Resin Plugs Placed With Thru-Tubing Dump Bailers (1992)

Laboratory experiments were conducted to study the factors that influence the successful placement of cement and resin plugs using thru-tubing dump bailers. The five-phase study included: (1) cement slurry design, (2) full-scale visual tests, (3) full-scale cured plug tests, (4) shear bond tests, and (5) gravel pack penetration tests. This paper presents results from the test program and provides data on commonly used dump bailer practices and equipment. Recommendations are made for placing cement and resin plugs utilizing dump bailers. This information should be useful to operators in planning and completing successful thru-tubing plugbacks.
Vibrations: Their Signal Function for a Spider Kleptoparasite (1979)

The stealing behavior of Argyrodes elevatus suggests that this kleptoparasitic spider monitors the movements and the hunting success of its web-building host. Wrapping of prey by the host regularly elicits raids from the kleptoparasite. The prey-catching activities of the host generate vibrations that were recorded with a position-sensing photodiode. The recordings indicated that wrapping movements produce a characteristic pattern of vibrations.
Effect of stress on transformation and prediction of residual stresses (1998)

AbstractAbstractThe effect of stress on transformation is studied through a series of dilation experiments. The results obtained are used to modify models of transformation kinetics, transformation plasticity, and elastoplastic constitutive relations so as to predict residual stresses after quenching. Results of the simulation show that the modified models are fit to predict residual stresses after quenching, which agree well with experimental results if both transformation plasticity and stress induced transformation are taken into account.
Adenovirus 3 fiber polypeptide gene: implications for the structure of the fiber protein (1985)

The nucleotide sequence of a 1,330-base-pair-long DNA segment located between map coordinates 88.5 and 92.3 in the adenovirus type 3 (Ad3) genome was determined. Transcripts from the r-strand of the region were mapped by S1 nuclease analysis and by in vitro translation of RNA, selected by filter hybridization. The results revealed that the sequenced region encodes the Ad3 fiber polypeptide with a molecular weight of 34,800. A comparison between the predicted amino acid sequences of the Ad3 and the Ad2 fiber polypeptides revealed that they have almost identical secondary structures, consisting of a tail, a shaft, and a knob. A striking difference between Ad2 and Ad3 fibers was that the shaft of the Ad3 fiber was significantly shorter, containing only 6 repeat units compared with 22 in the Ad2 fiber. The secondary structure suggests that the fiber is a dimeric structure, as proposed earlier (N.M. Green, N.G. Wrigley, W.C. Russell, S.R. Martin, and A.D. McLachlan, EMBO J. 2:1357-1365, 1983), with the size of the polypeptide determining the length of the fiber protein.
Enhanced water permeability and tunable ion selectivity in subnanometer carbon nanotube porins (2017)

Fast water transport through carbon nanotube pores has raised the possibility to use them in the next generation of water treatment technologies. We report that water permeability in 0.8-nanometer-diameter carbon nanotube porins (CNTPs), which confine water down to a single-file chain, exceeds that of biological water transporters and of wider CNT pores by an order of magnitude. Intermolecular hydrogen-bond rearrangement, required for entry into the nanotube, dominates the energy barrier and can be manipulated to enhance water transport rates. CNTPs block anion transport, even at salinities that exceed seawater levels, and their ion selectivity can be tuned to configure them into switchable ionic diodes. These properties make CNTPs a promising material for developing membrane separation technologies.
Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNAs) Containing Thymine Monomers Derived from Chiral Amino Acids: Hybridization and Solubility Properties of D‐Lysine PNA (1996)

Functionalized chiral D- and L-amino acids in peptide nucleic acids (PNAs; backbone of a PNA shown on the right) affect their solubility properties as well as their hybridization with DNA and RNA. Mismatched base pairs are discriminated by these new PNAs better than by glycine PNAs. Monomers may find application in amide-based combinatorial chemistry, PNAs in the pharmokinetic field and in the synthesis of DNA conjugates.
Analysis of RIM11, a yeast protein kinase that phosphorylates the meiotic activator IME1. (1994)

Many yeast genes that are essential for meiosis are expressed only in meiotic cells. Known regulators of early meiotic genes include IME1, which is required for their expression, and SIN3 and UME6, which prevent their expression in nonmeiotic cells. We report here the molecular characterization of the RIM11 gene, which we find is required for expression of several early meiotic genes. A close functional relationship between RIM11 and IME1 is supported by two observations. First, sin3 and ume6 mutations are epistatic to rim11 mutations; prior studies have demonstrated their epistasis to ime1 mutations. Second, overexpression of RIM11 can suppress an ime1 missense mutation (ime1-L321F) but not an ime1 deletion. Sequence analysis indicates that RIM11 specifies a protein kinase related to rat glycogen synthase kinase 3 and the Drosophila shaggy/zw3 gene product. Three partially defective rim11 mutations alter residues involved in ATP binding or catalysis, and a completely defective rim11 mutation alters a tyrosine residue that corresponds to the site of an essential phosphorylation for glycogen synthase kinase 3. Immune complexes containing a hemagglutinin (HA) epitope-tagged RIM11 derivative, HA-RIM11, phosphorylate two proteins, p58 and p60, whose biological function is undetermined. In addition, HA-RIM11 immune complexes phosphorylate a functional IME1 derivative but not the corresponding ime1-L321F derivative. We propose that RIM11 stimulates meiotic gene expression through phosphorylation of IME1.
l‐Arginine supplementation or arginase inhibition augments reflex cutaneous vasodilatation in aged human skin (2006)

Full expression of reflex cutaneous vasodilatation is dependent on nitric oxide (NO) and vasodilatation is attenuated in healthy older humans. NO bioavailability in aged skin may be decreased by an age-related upregulation of arginase, which reciprocally regulates the NO-synthase (NOS) substrate L-arginine (L-Arg). We hypothesized that increased arginase activity contributes to attenuated vasodilatation in aged skin by limiting L-Arg for NOS-mediated NO synthesis. Five microdialysis fibres were placed in forearm skin of 10 young (Y, 23 +/- 1 years) and 9 older (O, 68 +/- 1 years) human subjects, serving as control (C, Ringer solution), NOS-inhibited (10.0 mM NG-nitro-L-arginine), arginase-inhibited (5.0 mM (S)-(2-boronoethyl)-L-cysteine + 5.0 mM Nomega-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine), L-arg supplemented (L-Arg; 10.0 mM L-arginine) and combined arginase-inhibited + L-Arg sites. After 20 min thermoneutral baseline, cutaneous vasodilatation was induced by passive whole-body heating to increase oral temperature (Tor) by 1.0 degrees C. Red blood cell flux was measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry over each microdialysis site. Cutaneous vascular conductance was calculated (CVC = flux/mean arterial pressure) and normalized to maximal CVC (CVCmax, 28.0 mM sodium nitroprusside + local heating to 43 degrees C). Cutaneous vasodilatation during heating was attenuated in O (Y, 42 +/- 1, versus O, 30 +/- 1%CVCmax, P < 0.001) at control sites. NOS inhibition decreased vasodilatation in both age groups compared to C (Y, 22 +/- 2; O, 18 +/- 2%CVCmax; P < 0.001). Arginase inhibition, L-Arg supplementation, and arginase inhibition + L-Arg supplementation augmented vasodilatation in O (arginase-inhibited, 46 +/- 4; L-Arg, 44 +/- 4; arginase-inhibited + L-arg, 46 +/- 5%CVCmax; P < 0.001 versus C) but not in Y (arginase-inhibited, 46 +/- 4; L-Arg, 38 +/- 4; arginase-inhibited + L-Arg, 44 +/- 4%CVCmax; P > 0.05 versus C). Increasing L-Arg for NO synthesis by either arginase inhibition or direct L-Arg supplementation restores the age-related deficit in reflex cutaneous vasodilatation.
Organization of the Human and Mouse Low-affinity FcγR Genes: Duplication and Recombination (1990)

Receptors for immunoglobulin G immune complexes (Fc gamma RII and Fc gamma RIII) are expressed on most hematopoietic cells and show much structural and functional diversity. In order to determine the genetic basis for this diversity, a family of genes encoding the human and mouse receptors was isolated and characterized. Humans have five distinct genes for low-affinity Fc gamma Rs, in contrast to two in the mouse. With the use of yeast artificial chromosomes, the genes encoding the human receptors were oriented and linked, which established the structure of this complex locus. Comparison of the human and mouse genes generated a model for the evolutionary amplification of this locus.
Mantle-cell lymphoma genotypes identified with CGH to BAC microarrays define a leukemic subgroup of disease and predict patient outcome (2005)

To identify recurrent genomic changes in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), we used high-resolution comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) microarrays in 68 patients and 9 MCL-derived cell lines. Array CGH defined an MCL genomic signature distinct from other B-cell lymphomas, including deletions of 1p21 and 11q22.3-ATM gene with coincident 10p12-BMI1 gene amplification and 10p14 deletion, along with a previously unidentified loss within 9q21-q22. Specific genomic alterations were associated with different subgroups of disease. Notably, 11 patients with leukemic MCL showed a different genomic profile than nodal cases, including 8p21.3 deletion at tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor gene cluster (55% versus 19%; P = .01) and gain of 8q24.1 at MYC locus (46% versus 14%; P = .015). Additionally, leukemic MCL exhibited frequent IGVH mutation (64% versus 21%; P = .009) with preferential VH4-39 use (36% versus 4%; P = .005) and followed a more indolent clinical course. Blastoid variants, increased number of genomic gains, and deletions of P16/INK4a and TP53 genes correlated with poorer outcomes, while 1p21 loss was associated with prolonged survival (P = .02). In multivariate analysis, deletion of 9q21-q22 was the strongest predictor for inferior survival (hazard ratio [HR], 6; confidence interval [CI], 2.3 to 15.7). Our study highlights the genomic profile as a predictor for clinical outcome and suggests that "genome scanning" of chromosomes 1p21, 9q21-q22, 9p21.3-P16/INK4a, and 17p13.1-TP53 may be clinically useful in MCL.
The fabrication of scalable multi-sensor arrays using standard CMOS technology (2003)

This paper describes an approach for fabricating MOSFET-based scalable multi-sensor arrays in ?n unmodified standard CMOS process. The circuit design uses novel multiplexing to make a differential potentiometric measurement in each cell of the array. All signal processing is performed in-situ and all readout circuitry is located onchip. Various chemical sensors can he formed with minimal post-processing using standard photolithographic techniques. An implementation of a single-chip 2x2 array is presented along with initial results and discussion of the device characteristics.
Human-murine chimeras of ICAM-1 identify amino acid residues critical for rhinovirus and antibody binding (1991)

Human ICAM-1 is the cellular receptor for the major group of human rhinoviruses (HRVs). Previous studies have suggested that the N-terminal domain of ICAM-1 is critical for binding of the major group rhinoviruses. To further define the residues within domain 1 that are involved in virus binding, we constructed an extensive series of ICAM-1 cDNAs containing single and multiple amino acid residue substitutions. In each case, substitutions involved replacement of the human amino acids with those found in murine ICAM-1 to minimize conformational effects. To facilitate the mutagenesis process, a synthetic gene encompassing the first two domains of ICAM-1 was constructed which incorporated 27 additional restriction sites to allow mutagenesis by oligonucleotide replacement. Each of the new constructs was placed into a Rous sarcoma virus vector and expressed in primary chicken embryo fibroblast cells. Binding assays were performed with six major group HRVs, including one high-affinity binding mutant of HRV-14, and two monoclonal antibodies. Results indicated that different serotypes displayed a range of sensitivities to various amino acid substitutions. Amino acid residues of ICAM-1 showing the greatest effect on virus and antibody binding included Pro-28, Lys-29, Leu-30, Leu-37, Lys-40, Ser-67, and Pro-70.
Plasmon-based spectral filtering with metallic nanostructures for CMOS image sensors (2015)

Les capteurs d'image connaissent un regain d'intérêt grâce à la croissance remarquable du secteur de la communication sans fil, et leurs fonctionnalités tendent à se diversifier. Plus particulièrement, une application récente connue sous le nom de capteur de luminosité ambiante (ALS de l'acronyme anglais) est apparue dans le but de proposer un ajustement intelligent du rétro-éclairage dans les appareils mobiles pourvus d'écrans. Les avancées technologiques ont permis la fabrication de smartphones toujours plus fins, ce qui impose une contrainte importante sur la hauteur des capteurs de lumière. Cette réduction d'épaisseur peut être réalisée grâce à l'utilisation de filtres spectraux innovants, plus fins et entièrement sur puce. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons l'étude et la démonstration de filtres plasmoniques adaptés à une intégration dans des produits ALS commerciaux. Les structures de filtrage les plus performantes sont identifiées avec une importance particulière accordée à la stabilité des filtres par rapport à l'angle d'incidence de la lumière et à son état de polarisation. Des schémas d'intégration compatibles CMOS et respectant les contraintes d'une fabrication à l'échelle du wafer sont proposés. Les résonances de plasmon sont étudiées afin d'atteindre des propriétés optiques optimales et une méthodologie spécifique à partir d'un véritable cahier des charges client a été utilisée pour obtenir des performances ALS optimisées. La robustesse des filtres plasmoniques aux dispersions de procédé est analysée à travers l'identification et la modélisation des imprécisions et des défauts typiques d'une fabrication sur wafer 300 mm. A la lumière de ces travaux, une démonstration expérimentale de filtres ALS plasmoniques est réalisée avec le développement d'une intégration à l'échelle du wafer et avec la caractérisation et l'évaluation des performances des structures fabriquées afin de valider la solution plasmonique.
Simian Adenoviruses As Vaccine Vectors (2016)

Replication incompetent human adenovirus serotype 5 (HAdV-C5) has been extensively used as a delivery vehicle for gene therapy proteins and infectious disease antigens. These vectors infect replicating and nonreplicating cells, have a broad tissue tropism, elicit high immune responses and are easily purified to high titers. However, the utility of HAdV-C5 vectors as potential vaccines is limited due to pre-existing immunity within the human population that significantly reduces the immunogenicity of HAdV-C5 vaccines. In recent years, adenovirus vaccine development has focused on simian-derived adenoviral vectors, which have the desirable vector characteristics of HAdV-C5 but with negligible seroprevalence in the human population. Here, we discuss recent advances in simian adenovirus vaccine vector development and evaluate current research specifically focusing on clinical trial data.
Distilled beverage flavour: recent developments (1989)

Current issues in flavour research taints - causes and prevention sensory analysis of alcoholic beverages consumer free-choice profiling of whisky remotivating an industrial sensory panel computerised collection and statistical analysis of descriptive sensory profiling data chromatography with supercritical fluids measurement of food and beverage colour role of the continuous distillation process on the quality of Armagnac a scientific approach to quality control for Cognac spirits fruit distillate flavours the influence of the quanity of yeast in wine on the volatiles of grape wine brandies the contributions of the process to flavour in Scotch malt whisky formation and extraction of cis - and trans - beta-methyl-gamma-octalactone from Quercus alba the distribution of lignin breakdown products through new and used cask staves GC profiles and malt whisky flavour influence of lactic acid bacteria on aldehyde, ester and higher alcohol formation during Scotch whisky fermentations odour intensities of whisky compounds a peak matching technique for capillary GC data and its use in Scotch whisky flavour studies flavour from speciality malts opportunities for product development marketing aspects of new product development consumer optimization of blended whiskies using the Simplex approach legislative aspects of flavour use factors influencing yeast performance during ethanol production manipulation of flavour production by yeast, physiological and genetic approaches selection and breeding of yeast suitable for high temperature fermentation supercritical fluids for extract preparation summing up - recent developments in the flavour of distilled beverages.