gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stability and Self-Exchange in Alkanethiol Monolayers (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStability and Self-Exchange in Alkanethiol MonolayersJoseph B. Schlenoff, Ming Li, and Hiep LyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 50, 12528–12536Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00155a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00155a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4556Altmetric-Citations597LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cellular efflux of auxin catalyzed by the Arabidopsis MDR/PGP transporter AtPGP1 (2005)

Directional transport of the phytohormone auxin is required for the establishment and maintenance of plant polarity, but the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Plant homologs of human multiple drug resistance/P-glycoproteins (MDR/PGPs) have been implicated in auxin transport, as defects in MDR1 (AtPGP19) and AtPGP1 result in reductions of growth and auxin transport in Arabidopsis (atpgp1, atpgp19), maize (brachytic2) and sorghum (dwarf3). Here we examine the localization, activity, substrate specificity and inhibitor sensitivity of AtPGP1. AtPGP1 exhibits non-polar plasma membrane localization at the shoot and root apices, as well as polar localization above the root apex. Protoplasts from Arabidopsis pgp1 leaf mesophyll cells exhibit reduced efflux of natural and synthetic auxins with reduced sensitivity to auxin efflux inhibitors. Expression of AtPGP1 in yeast and in the standard mammalian expression system used to analyze human MDR-type proteins results in enhanced efflux of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and the synthetic auxin 1-naphthalene acetic acid (1-NAA), but not the inactive auxin 2-NAA. AtPGP1-mediated efflux is sensitive to auxin efflux and ABC transporter inhibitors. As is seen in planta, AtPGP1 also appears to mediate some efflux of IAA oxidative breakdown products associated with apical sites of high auxin accumulation. However, unlike what is seen in planta, some additional transport of the benzoic acid is observed in yeast and mammalian cells expressing AtPGP1, suggesting that other factors present in plant tissues confer enhanced auxin specificity to PGP-mediated transport.
The Impact of Sterilization Method on Wear in Knee Arthroplasty (1998)

Sterilization by gamma irradiation in air has been shown to have the potential to accelerate the oxidation of polyethylene components resulting in reduced mechanical properties. In the hip, it has been reported that the occurrence of delamination and cracking in retrieved bearings is significantly different when comparing components sterilized with gamma irradiation in air with components sterilized with ethylene oxide. Using a collection of 1635 retrieved polyethylene knee bearings, this study pursues a similar comparison of sterilization method with clinical wear in the knee. It confirms that retrieved polyethylene knee components that were gamma irradiated in air have a high incidence of delamination and cracking, leading at times to complete wear through of the bearing. Knee components sterilized with ethylene oxide showed no evidence of fatigue damage even after in vivo durations in excess of 15 years.
Central effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 on cold-restraint stress-induced gastric mucosal lesions. (2007)

We conclude that i.c.v GLP-1 inhibits the gastric mucosal damage induced by cold-restraint stress via the activation of its specific receptors, and CGRP, nitric oxide and prostaglandins, but not cholinergic muscarinic receptors, mediate this effect.
Connective tissue growth factor and cardiac fibrosis (2008)

Cardiac fibrosis is a major pathogenic factor in a variety of cardiovascular diseases and refers to an excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components in the heart, which leads to cardiac dysfunction and eventually overt heart failure. Evidence is accumulating for a crucial role of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in fibrotic processes in several tissues including the heart. CTGF orchestrates the actions of important local factors evoking cardiac fibrosis. The central role of CTGF as a matricellular protein modulating the fibrotic process in cardiac remodelling makes it a possible biomarker for cardiac fibrosis and a potential candidate for therapeutic intervention to mitigate fibrosis in the heart.
A comparison of cyclobenzaprine and placebo in the management of fibrositis (1988)

The efficacy of cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril), as compared with placebo, was tested in a 12-week, double-blind, controlled trial of 120 patients with fibrositis. Of the patients who received placebo, 52% dropped out due to lack of efficacy of the drug, compared with 16% of patients taking cyclobenzaprine. The dropout rate due to adverse reactions was similar in the 2 groups. Patients taking cyclobenzaprine experienced a significant decrease in the severity of pain and a significant increase in the quality of sleep. There was a trend toward improvement in the symptoms of fatigue, but morning stiffness was not alleviated. These improvements in symptoms were associated with a significant reduction in the total number of tender points and in muscle tightness. Our findings indicate that cyclobenzaprine is a useful adjunct in treating patients with the fibrositis syndrome.
5G Spectrum: is china ready? (2015)

With a considerable ratio of the world's mobile users, China has been actively promoting research on 5G, in which the spectrum issue is of great interest. New 5G characteristics put forward a lot of requirements for spectrum in terms of total amount, candidate bands, as well as new challenges for spectrum usage methods and management. Based on China's current situation, this article first discusses the 5G vision, spectrum demands, and potential candidate bands. Furthermore, it is indicated that spectrum sharing will bring many benefits for 5G systems, and different sharing scenarios are summarized. Finally, based on the current framework of spectrum management in China, potential services classification and spectrum assessment are proposed to accommodate new 5G requirements.
Candidate HIV/AIDS vaccines: lessons learned from the World's first phase III efficacy trials. (2003)

In 2003 the results of the first two efficacy trials of candidate HIV-1 vaccines will be available. The first the AIDSVAX B/B trial was started in 1998 in the USA Canada Puerto Rico and the Netherlands. The trial will conclude in late 2002 with initial efficacy results available in the first quarter of 2003. The second the AIDSVAX B/E trial was started in Bangkok Thailand in 1999 and will similarly have initial efficacy results available in late 2003. Each study is unique. The North American/European trial will determine the efficacy of AIDSVAX B/B a bivalent subtype B gp120 vaccine using MN and GNE8 antigens in preventing sexual transmission of HIV-1 in geographical areas where subtype B HIV is most prevalent. For this trial 5108 men who have sex with men (MSM) and 309 high-risk women have volunteered. The Thailand trial will determine the efficacy of AIDSVAX B/E a bivalent gp120 vaccine containing the MN and A244 envelope antigens from subtype B and subtype E viruses respectively against blood-borne infection (Fig. 1). This trial involves 2545 injecting drug users (IDU) mostly heroin addicts in Bangkok where both subtype B and subtype E HIV are prevalent. The road from initial pre-clinical and clinical results to phase III efficacy trials has been long and difficult. The purpose of this paper is to review the lessons that have been learned through the experience of conducting the first phase III HIV vaccine efficacy trials. (excerpt)
Mechanisms of Cortical Reorganization in Lower-Limb Amputees (1998)

The human motor system undergoes reorganization after amputation, but the site of motor reorganization and the mechanisms involved are unknown. We studied the site and mechanisms of motor reorganization in 16 subjects with traumatic lower-limb amputation. Stimulation at different levels in the CNS was used to determine the site of reorganization. The mechanisms involved were evaluated by measuring the thresholds for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and by testing intracortical inhibition and facilitation. With TMS, the threshold for muscle activation on the amputated side was lower than that of the intact side, but with transcranial electrical stimulation there was no difference in motor threshold between the two sides. TMS at the maximal output of the stimulator activated a higher percentage of the motor neuron pool (%MNP) on the amputated side than on the intact side. The %MNP activated by spinal electrical stimulation was similar on the two sides. Paired TMS study showed significantly less intracortical inhibition on the amputated side. Our findings suggest that motor reorganization after lower-limb amputation occurs predominately at the cortical level. The mechanisms involved are likely to include reduction of GABAergic inhibition.
The Neurochemical Circuitry of Schizophrenia (2006)

The aim of this paper is to describe the connectivity of some basic neuronal circuits assumed to be causally related to the generation of symptoms in schizophrenia. The role of various transmitter substances like dopamine, glutamate, serotonin and GABA can be explained by the circuitry of the respective pathways in the brain. Activating and inhibiting loops that are coupled can shift into an imbalance that might result in the generation of positive and negative symptoms. Finally, the paper draws attention to the hypothesis that extrasynaptic receptors might play an important role in schizophrenia. The paper shows that thinking in loops might be an efficient strategy for obtaining a functional understanding of the neuronal circuitry involved in the complex symptomatology of schizophrenia. Those models help us to understand the action of antipsychotic medications.
Microglia as liaisons between the immune and central nervous systems: Functional implications for multiple sclerosis (2002)

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). As the tissue macrophage of the CNS, microglia have the potential to regulate and be regulated by cells of the CNS and by CNS-infiltrating immune cells. The exquisite sensitivity of microglia to these signals, coupled with their ability to develop a broad range of effector functions, allows the CNS to tailor microglial function for specific physiological needs. However, the great plasticity of microglial responses can also predispose these cells to amplify disproportionately the irrelevant or dysfunctional signals provided by either the CNS or immune systems. The consequences of such an event could be the conversion of self-limiting inflammatory responses into chronic neurodegeneration and may explain in part the heterogeneous nature of multiple sclerosis.
Tumor necrosis factor–inhibiting therapy preferentially targets bone destruction but not synovial inflammation in a tumor necrosis factor–driven model of rheumatoid arthritis (2012)

Low-dose TNF-inhibiting therapy significantly reduces bone erosions by reducing the number of circulating and joint-invading osteoclast precursors. This effect is uncoupled from its antiinflammatory action.
Mechanistic and Morphological Origins of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Wear Debris in Total Joint Replacement Prostheses (1996)

The mechanistic and morphological origins of microscopic wear debris generated from UHMWPE articular surfaces in total joint replacement prostheses are investigated in this study. It was found experimentally that the molecular chain structure at the articulating surface of UHMWPE undergoes a re-organization process due to strain accumulation caused by surface traction. This molecular re-organization process creates a fibre-like surface texture that exhibits an anisotropic behaviour similar to a unidirectionally reinforced polymer composite. This composite responds to stresses favourably if loaded along the fibre axis but unfavourably if loaded off axis. Due to the very complex multi-axial motion/loading nature at the articular surfaces in total joint replacements, the stress tensors applied to each localized asperity contact area continuously change their directions and magnitudes. These changes in the localized stress field create an off-axis loading situation at each localized contact zone with respect to the orientation of the molecular chains. Depending on the off-axis angle, failure of the molecular structure occurs in three different ways: tensile rupture at very small off-axis angles, shear rupture at intermediate off-axis angles and transverse splitting at large off-axis angles. These failure mechanisms all produce similar fibre-like wear debris. However, the failure stresses differ significantly among the three modes. According to this molecular wear theory, the preferred polymer microstructure for optimal wear resistance would be a three-dimensionally strong network connected by covalent bonds between molecular chains. For UHMWPE, a three-dimensional molecular network can be created by radiation induced cross-linking. Experiments conducted on both gamma irradiated and unirradiated UHMWPE specimens using a linear wear machine and multi-axial joint simulators confirmed the validity of the molecular wear theory.
Structural analysis of repetitive DNA sequences in the bovine corticotropin-β-tipotropin precursor gene region (1982)

Repetitive DNA sequences in the bovine corticotropin-beta-lipotropin precursor gene region have been mapped and subjected to nucleotide sequence analysis. Two of the four repetitive DNA segments found are located in the 5'-flanking region, and one each within the intervening sequences. Each repetitive DNA segment contains one to three highly homologous unit sequences with an approximate length of 120 base pairs. All the unit sequences are flanked on the 3' side by tandem repeats. There are about 10(5) copies of the repetitive DNA in the bovine genome. Comparison of the bovine repetitive sequences with those of other mammalian species reveals the presence of a homologous segment of approximately 40 base pairs. This segment and the region preceding it in the bovine repetitive DNA exhibit sequence homology with the region encompassing the origin of DNA replication in papovaviruses.
A Microarray Immunoassay for Simultaneous Detection of Proteins and Bacteria (2002)

We report the development and characterization of an antibody microarray biosensor for the rapid detection of both protein and bacterial analytes under flow conditions. Using a noncontact microarray printer, biotinylated capture antibodies were immobilized at discrete locations on the surface of an avidin-coated glass microscope slide. Preservation of capture antibody function during the deposition process was accomplished with the use of a low-salt buffer containing sucrose and bovine serum albumin. The slide was fitted with a six-channel flow module that conducted analyte-containing solutions over the array of capture antibody microspots. Detection of bound analyte was subsequently achieved using fluorescent tracer antibodies. The pattern of fluorescent complexes was interrogated using a scanning confocal microscope equipped with a 635-nm laser. This microarray system was employed to detect protein and bacterial analytes both individually and in samples containing mixtures of analytes. Assays were completed in 15 min, and detection of cholera toxin, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, ricin, and Bacillus globigii was demonstrated at levels as low as 8 ng/mL, 4 ng/mL, 10 ng/mL, and 6.2 x 10(4) cfu/mL, respectively. The assays presented here are very fast, as compared to previously published methods for measuring antibody-antigen interactions using microarrays (minutes versus hours).
New gorilla adenovirus vaccine vectors induce potent immune responses and protection in a mouse malaria model (2017)

These data suggest that these gorilla-based adenovectors have key performance characteristics for an effective malaria vaccine. The superior performance of GC46 over HuAd5 highlights its potential for clinical development.
Seismic discrimination with artificial neural networks: Preliminary results with regional spectral data (1990)

An application of artificial neural networks (ANN) for discrimination between natural earthquakes and underground nuclear explosions has been studied using distance corrected spectral data of regional seismic phases. Pn , Pg , and Lg spectra have been analyzed from 83 western U.S. earthquakes and 87 Nevada Test Site explosions recorded at the four broadband seismic stations operated by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Distance corrections are applied to the raw spectra using existing frequency-dependent Q models for the Basin and Range. The spectra are sampled logarithmically at 41 points between 0.1 and 10 Hz for each phase and checked for adequate signal-to-noise ratios ( S/N > 2). The ANN was implemented on a SUN 4/110 workstation using a backpropagation-feedforward architecture. We find that, using even simple ANN architectures (82 input units, 1 hidden unit, and 2 output units), powerful discrimination systems can be designed. In order to regionalize the data characteristics, a separate neural network was assigned to each station. For this data set, the rate of correct recognition for untrained data is over 93 per cent for both earthquakes and explosions at any single station. Using a majority voting scheme with a network of four stations, the rate of correct recognition is over 97 per cent. Although the performance of the ANN is similar to that of the Fisher linear discriminant, the ANN exhibits a number of computational advantages over the conventional method. Finally, examination of the network weights suggests that, in addition to spectral shape, a criterion that the ANN utilized to discriminate between the two populations was the Lg/Pg spectral amplitude ratios.
IL-1 receptor accessory protein is essential for IL-33-induced activation of T lymphocytes and mast cells (2007)

Lack of the IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP) abrogates responses to IL-33 and IL-1 in the mouse thymoma clone EL-4 D6/76 cells. Reconstitution with full-length IL-1RAcP is sufficient to restore responsiveness to IL-33 and IL-1. IL-33 activates IL-1 receptor-associated kinase-1, cJun-N-terminal kinase, and the NF-kappaB pathway in an IL-1RAcP-dependent manner and results in IL-2 release. IL-33 is able to induce the release of proinflammatory cytokines in bone marrow-derived (BMD) mast cells, indicating that IL-33 may have a proinflammatory potential like its relatives IL-1 and IL-18, in addition to its Th2-skewing properties in the adaptive response described previously. Blocking of murine IL-1RAcP with the neutralizing antibody 4C5 inhibits response of mouse thymoma cells and BMD mast cells to IL-33. The interaction of either membrane-bound or soluble forms of IL-1RAcP and IL-33Ralpha-chain depends on the presence of IL-33, as demonstrated by coimmunoprecipitation assays. These data demonstrate that IL-1RAcP is indispensable for IL-33 signaling. Furthermore, they suggest that IL-1RAcP is used by more than one alpha-chain of the IL-1 receptor family and thus may resemble a common beta-chain of that family.
An Experimental Study of Urodynamic Effects of Epidural Morphine and of Naloxone Reversal (1983)

Urinary retention after epidural morphine is a distressing and troublesome complication. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of morphine (epidural, intramuscular, and intravenous) on urinary bladder function and possible reversal by naloxone. Thirty male volunteers (aged 20-28 years) were studied; the doses studied were 2, 4, and 10 mg of epidural morphine, 10 mg intramuscular morphine, and 10 mg intravenous morphine. The urodynamic study consisted of measurements of urine flow rate, strength of detrusor contraction, bladder capacity, and urethral pressure. Irrespective of dose, all subjects receiving epidural morphine showed marked relaxation of the detrusor shortly after injection. There was a corresponding increase in the maximal bladder capacity leading to urinary retention. These effects lasted an average of 14-16 h. Urethral pressures remained unchanged. Urodynamic changes after intramuscular and intravenous morphine were minimal. Treatment using a single intravenous injection of 0.8 mg naloxone promptly reversed the effects of epidural morphine on the bladder. Prevention of urinary retention was achieved with an intravenous infusion of naloxone started before administration of epidural morphine. The possible mechanisms of urinary retention following epidural opiates are discussed.
AKT1 Amplification Regulates Cisplatin Resistance in Human Lung Cancer Cells through the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin/p70S6K1 Pathway (2007)

Cisplatin [cis-diaminodichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP)] is one of the most widely used and effective therapeutic agents for many kinds of cancers. However, its efficiency is limited due to development of drug resistance. In this study, we showed that CDDP resistance was associated with AKT1 overexpression and gene amplification in human lung cancer cells that acquired the drug resistance. We showed that AKT1 forced expression in the cells was sufficient to render the cells CDDP resistant, and that AKT1 inhibition by its dominant negative mutant reversed the CDDP-resistant cells to be CDDP sensitive. These results show that AKT1 activity is essential for regulating CDDP resistance in cultured lung cancer cells. To study whether these results were correlated with human lung cancer tumors, we randomly selected tumor samples from human lung cancer patients to study the correlation of AKT activation and CDDP resistance in clinical tumor samples. We showed that AKT activation was highly related to CDDP chemosensitivity in human tumor tissues. Our results further showed that AKT1 induced lung cancer cells to become resistant to CDDP through the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. These studies conclude that AKT amplification and the mTOR pathway play an important role in human lung cancer cells acquiring CDDP resistance, which represents a new mechanism for acquiring CDDP resistance and a potential novel therapeutic target for overcoming CDDP resistance in human cancer in the future.