gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
REDUCTION OF THE INCIDENCE OF REJECTION BY ADJUNCT IMMUNOSUPPRESSION WITH PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY AFTER HEART TRANSPLANTATION (1994)

In this study, photochemotherapy (PCT) was used for adjunct immunosuppression in the first six months after heart transplantation (HTx). Fifteen patients after orthotopic HTx were included in the study; all received standard triple-drug immunosuppression including cyclosporine, azathioprine and glucocorticoids, but no adjunct therapy with mono- or polyclonal antibodies. The patients were divided into three groups: group I served as control with no additional treatment; group II received adjunct treatment with 10 courses of PCT (single-day treatments); and group III received 20 PCT courses since it was given each time on two consecutive days. PCT was started in both groups on day one after HTx; it was applied with a higher frequency in the early postoperative period and thereafter continued at four-week intervals for a total of 6 months. The photopheresis method for PCT included extracorporeal UVA irradiation of mononuclear cells that were treated with the photosensitive drug 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and subsequently retransfused to the patient. A new liquid form of 8-MOP was added directly to the buffy coat, resulting in reliable and sufficient drug levels in the cell suspension during the irradiation period; problems caused by oral application due to unpredictable variations in gastrointestinal absorption were thus prevented. Analysis of the total numbers of acute rejection episodes (AREs) within the first four weeks after HTx revealed a more impressive decrease by double PCT (group III, 3 AREs) than by single PCT (group II, 5 AREs) in comparison with the control (group I, 6 AREs). Over the total observation time (mean: 9.6 months), however, both PCT schedules reduced the total number of AREs observed in the control group (20 AREs) equally by more than 50% (9 AREs each in groups II and III) (P = 0.007). Furthermore, PCT treated patients had significantly fewer infections (6 infections in each group) than control group patients (15 infections) (P = 0.026); this, however, may be accounted for by the higher number of acute rejections in the control group and consequent increase in unspecific immunosuppression treatment. Our results suggest that PCT is a safe and effective method of adjunct immunosuppression that can be applied early in the postoperative period; it reduces the number of rejection episodes and does not increase the risk of infections.
Structural changes and conductance thresholds in metal-free intrinsic SiOx resistive random access memory (2015)

We present an investigation of structural changes in silicon-rich silicon oxide metal-insulator-metal resistive RAM devices. The observed unipolar switching, which is intrinsic to the bulk oxide material and does not involve movement of metal ions, correlates with changes in the structure of the oxide. We use atomic force microscopy, conductive atomic force microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and secondary ion mass spectroscopy to examine the structural changes occurring as a result of switching. We confirm that protrusions formed at the surface of samples during switching are bubbles, which are likely to be related to the outdiffusion of oxygen. This supports existing models for valence-change based resistive switching in oxides. In addition, we describe parallel linear and nonlinear conduction pathways and suggest that the conductance quantum, G0, is a natural boundary between the high and low resistance states of our devices.
The emerging storage management paradigm (2002)

The authors present a summary of important challenges in managing and addressing the data of large commercial and governmental installations and the solutions that are arising from industry, national laboratories, and standards organizations. These issues are viewed from the perspective of a shift away from the paradigm of centralized, sequential storage systems toward a new paradigm of distributed, network-based, parallel storage systems. The challenges of technology discussed include high-speed storage devices, communications, and parallel computing. The relationship between managing data and managing storage is considered, with emphasis on scientific data objects. The challenge of integrating components from many vendors is also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Compliant Micromanipulator Design for Scaled Bilateral Telemanipulation of Small-Scale Environments (1998)

Abstract Compliant mechanism design enables the development of revolute joint manipulators without the backlash or Coulomb friction that impede precision position and especially force control. Conventional approaches to compliant mechanism design impose several limitations, however, such as severely limited ranges of motion, poor kinematic behavior, and significant deformation under multi-axis loading. The authors have developed a new type of compliant mechanism that enables the implementation of spatially-loaded revolute joint manipulators with well-behaved kinematic characteristics and without the backlash and stick-slip behavior that would otherwise impede precision control. The design, which is based upon a unique flexure joint, has been incorporated into a small-scale three degree-of-freedom manipulator with an approximately spherical workspace two centimeters in diameter. Data from the small-scale manipulator demonstrates that positioning resolution is limited by digital quantization and sensor noise, and not by more fundamental physical limitations, such as backlash or Coulomb friction.
The thrombotic microangiopathies (2007)

The term thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) encompasses a group of conditions that are defined by, or result from, a similar histopathological lesion. Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), and several other conditions are associated with TMA. Distinguishing HUS from TTP is not always possible unless there are specific causes, such as Shiga toxin, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or a specific molecular defect such as factor H or ADAMTS13 deficiency. This review describes the forms of HUS/TTP that are not related to Shiga toxin, pneumococcal infection, genetic causes, or ADAMTS13 deficiency. Conditions include HUS/TTP associated with autoimmune disorders, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, transplantation, malignancy, and medications.
Treatment of Binge-Eating Disorder With Topiramate (2000)

Topiramate may be an effective treatment for binge-eating disorder. Controlled studies of topiramate in binge-eating disorder appear warranted.
Integrated-Circuit and Packet-Switching Applications to a Loop System for Local Area Networks (1985)

The Universal Link System belongs to the "loop subsystem" of a local area network (LAN). This system has circuit-switching facilities and packet-switching facilities, and uses a local area network as an integrated switching system. The Universal Link System is well suited for a very wide range of uses, with the merits of both circuit switching and packet switching. The Outline of this system is described below.
Doping Metal–Organic Frameworks for Water Oxidation, Carbon Dioxide Reduction, and Organic Photocatalysis (2011)

Catalytically competent Ir, Re, and Ru complexes H(2)L(1)-H(2)L(6) with dicarboxylic acid functionalities were incorporated into a highly stable and porous Zr(6)O(4)(OH)(4)(bpdc)(6) (UiO-67, bpdc = para-biphenyldicarboxylic acid) framework using a mix-and-match synthetic strategy. The matching ligand lengths between bpdc and L(1)-L(6) ligands allowed the construction of highly crystalline UiO-67 frameworks (metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) 1-6) that were doped with L(1)-L(6) ligands. MOFs 1-6 were isostructural to the parent UiO-67 framework as shown by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and exhibited high surface areas ranging from 1092 to 1497 m(2)/g. MOFs 1-6 were stable in air up to 400 °C and active catalysts in a range of reactions that are relevant to solar energy utilization. MOFs 1-3 containing [Cp*Ir(III)(dcppy)Cl] (H(2)L(1)), [Cp*Ir(III)(dcbpy)Cl]Cl (H(2)L(2)), and [Ir(III)(dcppy)(2)(H(2)O)(2)]OTf (H(2)L(3)) (where Cp* is pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, dcppy is 2-phenylpyridine-5,4'-dicarboxylic acid, and dcbpy is 2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-dicarboxylic acid) were effective water oxidation catalysts (WOCs), with turnover frequencies (TOFs) of up to 4.8 h(-1). The [Re(I)(CO)(3)(dcbpy)Cl] (H(2)L(4)) derivatized MOF 4 served as an active catalyst for photocatalytic CO(2) reduction with a total turnover number (TON) of 10.9, three times higher than that of the homogeneous complex H(2)L(4). MOFs 5 and 6 contained phosphorescent [Ir(III)(ppy)(2)(dcbpy)]Cl (H(2)L(5)) and [Ru(II)(bpy)(2)(dcbpy)]Cl(2) (H(2)L(6)) (where ppy is 2-phenylpyridine and bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine) and were used in three photocatalytic organic transformations (aza-Henry reaction, aerobic amine coupling, and aerobic oxidation of thioanisole) with very high activities. The inactivity of the parent UiO-67 framework and the reaction supernatants in catalytic water oxidation, CO(2) reduction, and organic transformations indicate both the molecular origin and heterogeneous nature of these catalytic processes. The stability of the doped UiO-67 catalysts under catalytic conditions was also demonstrated by comparing PXRD patterns before and after catalysis. This work illustrates the potential of combining molecular catalysts and MOF structures in developing highly active heterogeneous catalysts for solar energy utilization.
Complement: Terminal Pathway (2001)

Abstract Terminal pathway of complement refers to the sequence of interactions between components C5b, C6, C7, C8 and C9 which lead to the production of a ‘membrane attack complex’ that has the ability to disrupt cell membranes.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapies for Skin Repair and Regeneration (2017)

In the clinic, partial to full-thickness skin defects are generally treated through debridement and patching with autologous skin grafts. Autologous skin grafts are in severely limited supply, especially for ill patients lacking healthy tissue to donate to themselves. Stem cells have come into interest as a novel, viable way to heal skin wounds. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are of particular interest due to its common mesoderm germ layer origins as skin tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells are primarily derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue and umbilical cord. Bone marrow MSCs have been widely applied to chronic wounds in non-diabetic and diabetic subjects with positive results for wound healing and closure. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are a more recent application to skin healing. It has been found that ASCs secrete growth factors positive for augmenting wound healing, such as TGF-. ASCs are also a more attractive cell source for clinical use due their great abundance and ease of procurement from discarded tissues from cosmetic surgery procedures. Most recently, umbilical cord MSCs have been tested for its effects on wound healing, showing that the cells' paracrine effects can accelerate skin wound healing. Overall, mesenchymal stem cells show great promise to progress skin wound treatments, especially for chronic wounds. However, more clinical research is needed prior to patient application.
Late-stage [18F]fluorination: new solutions to old problems (2014)

The last 2-3 years have seen numerous relationships develop between organometallic chemists, fluorine chemists and PET Centers around the world. These collaborations have led to the development of many new strategies for the late-stage introduction of fluorine-18 into complex bioactive molecules. In this perspective we highlight recent developments and key milestones since 2011.
Acute Flaccid Myelitis: Something Old and Something New (2019)

Since 2014, acute flaccid myelitis (AFM), a long-recognized condition associated with polioviruses, nonpolio enteroviruses, and various other viral and nonviral causes, has been reemerging globally in epidemic form. This unanticipated reemergence is ironic, given that polioviruses, once the major causes of AFM, are now at the very threshold of global eradication and cannot therefore explain any aspect of AFM reemergence. Instead, the new AFM epidemic has been temporally associated with reemergences of nonpolio enteroviruses such as EV-D68, until recently thought to be an obscure virus of extremely low endemicity. This perspective reviews the enigmatic epidemiologic, virologic, and diagnostic aspects of epidemic AFM reemergence; examines current options for clinical management; discusses future research needs; and suggests that the AFM epidemic offers important clues to mechanisms of viral disease emergence.
Neural network control of a pneumatic robot arm (1994)

A neural map algorithm has been employed to control a five-joint pneumatic robot arm and gripper through feedback from two video cameras. The pneumatically driven robot arm (SoftArm) employed in this investigation shares essential mechanical characteristics with skeletal muscle systems. To control the position of the arm, 200 neurons formed a network representing the three-dimensional workspace embedded in a four-dimensional system of coordinates from the two cameras, and learned a three-dimensional set of pressures corresponding to the end effector positions, as well as a set of 3/spl times/4 Jacobian matrices for interpolating between these positions. The gripper orientation was achieved through adaptation of a 1/spl times/4 Jacobian matrix for a fourth joint. Because of the properties of the rubber-tube actuators of the SoftArm, the position as a function of supplied pressure is nonlinear, nonseparable, and exhibits hysteresis. Nevertheless, through the neural network learning algorithm the position could be controlled to an accuracy of about one pixel (/spl sim/3 mm) after 200 learning steps and the orientation could be controlled to two pixels after 800 learning steps. This was achieved through employment of a linear correction algorithm using the Jacobian matrices mentioned above. Applications of repeated corrections in each positioning and grasping step leads to a very robust control algorithm since the Jacobians learned by the network have to satisfy the weak requirement that the Jacobian yields a reduction of the distance between gripper and target. The neural network employed in the control of the SoftArm bears close analogies to a network which successfully models visual brain maps. It is concluded, therefore, from this fact and from the close analogy between the SoftArm and natural muscle systems that the successful solution of the control problem has implications for biological visuo-motor control.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Increased Sclerostin Serum Levels Associated with Bone Formation and Resorption Markers in Patients with Immobilization-Induced Bone Loss (2010)

This study shows for the first time that long-term immobilized patients present hypersclerostinemia associated with reduced bone formation, and suggests that sclerostin could be a link between mechanical unloading and disuse osteoporosis in humans.
Interrelationship of Dietary Phosphorus, Aluminum and Iron on Performance and Tissue Mineral Composition in Lambs2 (1982)

A 76-d feeding trial was conducted with 24 wether lambs (31 kg, initially) to study the interrelationships among dietary P, Al and Fe. A 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments included two concentrations of supplemental P (0 or .25%) with added P as NaH2PO4, two levels of supplemental Fe (0 or 760 ppm) with Fe added as ferric citrate and two levels of supplemental Al (0 or 1,450 ppm) with Al added as AlCl3 . 6H2O. The basal diet contained .17% P, 40 ppm Fe and 168 ppm Al. Phosphorus increased (P less than .01) feed consumption, but Fe (P less than .01), with added P improving and Fe or Al depressing gain. Additional P improved gain (P less than .05) and intake (P less than .01) in the presence of high Al and intake (P less than .05) when dietary Fe was high. Serum P was increased (P less than .01) by high dietary Fe and reduced (P less than .01) by Al. High dietary P increased (P less than .05) serum MG. High dietary Fe increased (P less than .01) hemoglobin and hematocrit and increased (P less than .01) Fe storage in liver, kidney, spleen and muscle but decreased (P less than .01) kidney Zn concentration. High dietary Al increased (P less than .01) liver Fe and kidney Zn levels but decreased kidney P and Mg (P less than .05) and bone ash and Mg (P less than .01). Based on these studies, additional dietary P appeared beneficial in overcoming the adverse effects of high dietary Al or Fe.
Improving Neural Networks with Dropout (2013)

Deep neural nets with a huge number of parameters are very powerful machine learning systems. However, overfitting is a serious problem in such networks. Large networks are also slow to use, making it difficult to deal with overfitting by combining many different large neural nets at test time. Dropout is a technique for addressing this problem. The key idea is to randomly drop units (along with their connections) from a neural network during training. This prevents the units from co-adapting too much. Dropping units creates thinned networks during training. The number of possible thinned networks is exponential in the number of units in the network. At test time all possible thinned networks are combined using an approximate model averaging procedure. Dropout training followed by this approximate model combination significantly reduces overfitting and gives major improvements over other regularization methods. In this work, we describe models that improve the performance of neural networks using dropout, often obtaining state-of-the-art results on benchmark datasets.
Gamma irradiation of HIV‐1 (2001)

The potential for transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 has created serious concern for the continued clinical use of bone and soft-tissue allografts. Tissue banks have employed 1.5-2.5 Mrad for sterilization of bone and tendon allografts, which, according to the current literature, approaches the level at which the tissue quality is adversely affected for implantation. Our working hypothesis was that gamma irradiation at increasing doses can proportionately inactivate HIV type 1. The objective of this study was to inactivate HIV type 1 by irradiation, as determined by its capacity to infect human T-lymphocytes and established cell lines in vitro. The replicative competence of HIV type 1 was also assessed by the presence of reverse transcriptase activity, enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence assays for p24 viral core antigen, and the formation of syncytia induced by HIV type 1 in the cultures inoculated with irradiated virus. The results demonstrated the presence of active viral replication in previously noninfected cells in the supernatant samples that were exposed to as much as 5.0 Mrad. The data for the 10-Mrad sample were indeterminate due to cellular damage. These data suggest that gamma irradiation (1.5-2.5 Mrad) does not constitute a virucidal dose for HIV type 1. Current technologies for screening have greatly improved, and the surgeon should rely on tissue bank screening procedures and other methods of preparation rather than sterilization by gamma radiation techniques in choosing allograft material.
P53 Sensitizes Breast Cancer Stem Cells to Let-7 miRNAs Induced Repression (2014)

Background: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for the tumor recurrence and resistance to chemoradiotherapy. Let7 family of miRNAs functions in regulating cancer biology by repressing multiple downstream oncogenes. Objective: In this study, we examined the regulatory loop of suppressive let-7 miRNAs and p53 in the pathogenesis of breast cancer, and explored the mechanism through which this loop affects the growth patterns of breast cancer stem cells (BrCSCs), which has never been studied. Methods: The expressions of p53 and let-7 were detected by western blot and qRT-PCR. The tumor suppressive functions of p53 and let-7 were measured using cell viability, mammosphere formation assay, and FACS sorting. Results: Both p53 and let-7 inhibited breast cancer cell growth and self-renewal of stem cells, and formed the let-7/p53 negative feedback loop. The inhibitory effects of p53 on cell growth are synergistic with that of let-7. Conclusions: Both let-7 and p53 negatively regulate the growth of BrCSCs. In addition, their suppressive effects are additive. Our findings suggest that the existence of let-7/p53 negative feedback loop assists in regulating BrCSCs, and it may be used as a biomarker for the development of let-7 and p53, which is a targeted therapy in breast cancer. Furthermore, our data supports the dual targeting of let-7 and p53 in breast cancer development, and let7 miRNAs could help to predict the prognosis of a chemotherapy response.
Qué ocurrió con los sondeos políticos (1996)

The results showed at least moderate inter-rater and excellent intra-rater reliability for the ICF classification of physiotherapist's descriptions of problems, resources and goals in persons with multiple injuries. The ICF also proved to be applicable for use in clinical practice. Results from this study might contribute to development of core sets for use in rehabilitation of this patient group.
Politeness Effects in Directive Compliance: Effects with Power and Social Distance (2010)

We present a theory of perceived politeness and its sociological functions derived from the work of Brown and Levinson (1987) and then extend that theory toward a cognitive model of politeness and its effects on human decision making. We then report the results of an experiment in which participants' directive compliance behaviors and attitudes are examined under conditions varying the amount of politeness or rudeness used and the power or familiarity relationship between the participant and the directive giver. Results show significant impacts of politeness on a variety of directive compliance behaviors, and show accuracy for predicting the relationship of Social Distance on perceived politeness and directive compliance. Predictions about the role of Power relationships were generally not as effective.
Mechanisms that link the oncogenic epithelial–mesenchymal transition to suppression of anoikis (2013)

The oncogenic epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to tumor progression in various context-dependent ways, including increased metastatic potential, expansion of cancer stem cell subpopulations, chemo-resistance and disease recurrence. One of the hallmarks of EMT is resistance of tumor cells to anoikis. This resistance contributes to metastasis and is a defining property not only of EMT but also of cancer stem cells. Here, we review the mechanistic coupling between EMT and resistance to anoikis. The discussion focuses on several key aspects. First, we provide an update on new pathways that lead from the loss of E-cadherin to anoikis resistance. We then discuss the relevance of transcription factors that are crucial in wound healing in the context of oncogenic EMT. Next, we explore the consequences of the breakdown of cell-polarity complexes upon anoikis sensitivity, through the Hippo, Wnt and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathways, emphasizing points of crossregulation. Finally, we summarize the direct regulation of cell survival genes through EMT-inducing transcription factors, and the roles of the tyrosine kinases focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and TrkB neurotrophin receptor in EMT-related regulation of anoikis. Emerging from these studies are unifying principles that will lead to improvements in cancer therapy by reprogramming sensitivity of anoikis.