gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-camera traffic light recognition using a classifying Labeled Multi-Bernoulli filter (2017)

The correct handling of complex traffic-light-controlled intersections is still a challenge for automated vehicles. While a number of image-based approaches tackle close-range recognitions, an early traffic light detection at high distances is of great importance in the area of energy-efficient driving. For this reason, a traffic light detection system consisting of multiple on-board cameras is presented in this work, enabling the detection of traffic lights even from a distance of more than 200m. Furthermore, the presented system is based on tracking techniques using a Labeled Multi-Bernoulli filter in combination with the fusion of classifications based on the Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence. The system was tested on a real world data set collected in Germany and an increase in performance was demonstrated by a multi-camera approach.
Engraftment and migration of human bone marrow stromal cells implanted in the brains of albino rats—similarities to astrocyte grafts (1998)

Neurotransplantation has been used to explore the development of the central nervous system and for repair of diseased tissue in conditions such as Parkinson's disease. Here, we examine the effects of direct injection into rat brain of human marrow stromal cells (MSCs), a subset of cells from bone marrow that include stem-like precursors for nonhematopoietic tissues. Human MSCs isolated by their adherence to plastic were infused into the corpus striatum. Five to 72 days later, brain sections were examined for the presence of the donor cells. About 20% of the infused cells had engrafted. There was no evidence of an inflammatory response or rejection. The cells had migrated from the injection site along known pathways for migration of neural stem cells to successive layers of the brain. After infusion into the brain, the human MSCs lost their immunoreactivity to antibodies for collagen I. Initially, the human cells continued to stain with antibodies to fibronectin but the region of staining with fibronectin was significantly decreased at 30 and 72 days. The results suggest that MSCs may be useful vehicles for autotransplantation in both cell and gene therapy for a variety of diseases of the central nervous system.
Tunable Active Vibration Absorber: The Delayed Resonator (1995)

This paper elaborates upon a novel concept, the Delayed Resonator, a tunable active vibration absorber. This technique uses a control which has a time delayed feedback of the absorber mass displacement. The substance of this process is in that the absorber completely removes oscillations from the primary structure. Two very strong features that should be mentioned are: (a) the excitation frequency range can vary over a semi-infinite interval, and (b) the absorber can be tuned in real time. These are the unique characteristics of the technique distinguishing it from the others. Stability issues of the primary system combined with the Delayed Resonator are addressed following Nyquist and root locus methods. In particular, the absorption performance for cases with time varying excitation frequency is studied. The primary focus of this paper is on the analysis of transient absorption behavior of the Delayed Resonator during its tuning. An example case is provided which considers a step change in the excitation frequency. A well-pronounced manifestation of the tunability feature of the Delayed Resonator is observed. The superiority of the Delayed Resonator absorber over the conventional a priori tuned absorbers is also demonstrated.
Development of Mass Spectrometry Based Techniques for the Identification and Determination of Compositional Variability in Recombinant Polyclonal Antibody Products (2010)

Recombinant polyclonal antibodies are a new class of protein biologics, combining a defined number of target-specific antibodies, developed for therapeutic use across various indications. Development, manufacture, and release of recombinant polyclonal antibodies as well characterized biological products have required development of new chemistry, manufacturing, and control (CMC) technologies. Sym001 is a recombinant polyclonal antibody product containing 25 unique antibodies specific for the Rhesus D antigen. Sym001 drug substance is manufactured using a single batch technology, Sympress. Here, we describe the development of two novel mass spectrometry based methods that allows identification of individual antibodies in the Sym001 drug substance, through the determination of unique marker peptides or antibody light chains. The two methods provide an unambiguous identification of the 25 unique antibodies comprised in the Sym001 drug substance. Furthermore, the light chain liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method has been developed to allow the determination of the relative distribution of the 25 antibodies. The light chain LC-MS method has demonstrated linearity, specificity, precision, and accuracy, thus qualifying it for use in the quality control of recombinant polyclonal antibodies for human use. The development of such quantitative methods is central for the development and quality control of additional therapeutic recombinant polyclonal antibody products.
A synthetic human Agouti‐related protein‐(83–132)‐NH2 fragment is a potent inhibitor of melanocortin receptor function (1998)

Chemical synthesis of Agouti proteins - Agouti and Agouti-related proteins - is complicated by their large size and by multiple cysteine residues located in the carboxyl terminal regions. Three human Agouti-related protein (AGRP) fragments, two of which correspond to a proposed endoprotease cleavage site between amino acids 82 and 83, were synthesized and tested for anti-melanotropic activity using Xenopus laevis dermal melanophores. Amino-terminal fragments AGRP(25-51) and (54-82) were devoid of significant antagonist activity, whereas the amidated carboxyl-terminal AGRP fragment (83-132)-NH2 was potently active with an inhibitory equilibrium dissociation constant (Ki) of 0.7 nM. The ability to synthesize functionally active AGRP should help unravel its role in the central nervous system and its unusual properties with respect to interaction with the melanocortin family of G-protein coupled receptors.
Controlling the Catalyst During Carbon Nanotube Growth (2008)

We have recently been able to grow single-walled carbon nanotubes by purely thermal chemical vapour deposition (CVD) at temperatures as low as 400 degrees C. This has been achieved by separating the catalyst pre-treatment step from the growth step. In the pre-treatment step, a thin film catalyst is re-arranged into a series of nano-droplets, which are then the active catalysts. Both steps have been studied by in-situ environmental transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. We have also studied the catalyst yield, the weight of nanotubes grown per weight of transition metal catalyst. Using very thin layers of Fe on Al2O3 support in a remote plasma-assisted CVD, we have achieved yields of order 100,000. This may be due to control of catalyst poisoning by ensuring an etching path.
Nucleotide sequence of the cDNA encoding the precursor for mitochondrial serine: pyruvate aminotransferase of rat liver (1987)

The nucleotide sequence of the mRNA coding for the precursor of mitochondrial serine:pyruvate aminotransferase of rat liver was determined from those of cDNA clones. The mRNA comprises at least 1533 nucleotides, except the poly(A) tail, and encodes a polypeptide consisting of 414 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 45,834 Da. Comparison of the N-terminal amino acid sequence of mitochondrial serine:pyruvate aminotransferase with the nucleotide sequence of the mRNA showed that the mature form of the mitochondrial enzyme consisted of 390 amino acid residues of 43,210 Da. The amino acid composition of mitochondrial serine:pyruvate aminotransferase deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA showed good agreement with the composition determined on acid hydrolysis of the purified protein. The extra 24 amino acid residues correspond to the N-terminal extension peptide (pre-sequence) that is indispensable for the specific import of the precursor protein into mitochondria. In the extension peptide there are four basic amino acids distributed among hydrophobic amino acids and, as revealed on helical wheel analysis, the putative alpha-helical structure of the peptide was amphiphilic in nature. The secondary structures of the mature serine:pyruvate aminotransferase and three other aminotransferases of rat liver were predicted from their amino acid sequences. Their secondary structures exhibited a common feature and so we propose the specific lysine residue which binds pyridoxal phosphate as the active site of serine:pyruvate aminotransferase.
What have we learned from brucellosis in the mouse model? (2012)

Brucellosis is a zoonosis caused by Brucella species. Brucellosis research in natural hosts is often precluded by practical, economical and ethical reasons and mice are widely used. However, mice are not natural Brucella hosts and the course of murine brucellosis depends on bacterial strain virulence, dose and inoculation route as well as breed, genetic background, age, sex and physiological statu of mice. Therefore, meaningful experiments require a definition of these variables. Brucella spleen replication profiles are highly reproducible and course in four phases: i), onset or spleen colonization (first 48 h); ii), acute phase, from the third day to the time when bacteria reach maximal numbers; iii), chronic steady phase, where bacterial numbers plateaus; and iv), chronic declining phase, during which brucellae are eliminated. This pattern displays clear physiopathological signs and is sensitive to small virulence variations, making possible to assess attenuation when fully virulent bacteria are used as controls. Similarly, immunity studies using mice with known defects are possible. Mutations affecting INF-γ, TLR9, Myd88, Tγδ and TNF-β favor Brucella replication; whereas IL-1β, IL-18, TLR4, TLR5, TLR2, NOD1, NOD2, GM-CSF, IL/17r, Rip2, TRIF, NK or Nramp1 deficiencies have no noticeable effects. Splenomegaly development is also useful: it correlates with IFN-γ and IL-12 levels and with Brucella strain virulence. The genetic background is also important: Brucella-resistant mice (C57BL) yield lower splenic bacterial replication and less splenomegaly than susceptible breeds. When inoculum is increased, a saturating dose above which bacterial numbers per organ do not augment, is reached. Unlike many gram-negative bacteria, lethal doses are large (≥ 108 bacteria/mouse) and normally higher than the saturating dose. Persistence is a useful virulence/attenuation index and is used in vaccine (Residual Virulence) quality control. Vaccine candidates are also often tested in mice by determining splenic Brucella numbers after challenging with appropriate virulent brucellae doses at precise post-vaccination times. Since most live or killed Brucella vaccines provide some protection in mice, controls immunized with reference vaccines (S19 or Rev1) are critical. Finally, mice have been successfully used to evaluate brucellosis therapies. It is concluded that, when used properly, the mouse is a valuable brucellosis model.
Structure-Based Design and Biological Evaluation of Triphenyl Scaffold-Based Hybrid Compounds as Hydrolytically Stable Modulators of a LuxR-Type Quorum Sensing Receptor (2015)

Many common bacterial pathogens utilize quorum sensing to coordinate group behaviors and initiate virulence at high cell densities. The use of small molecules to block quorum sensing provides a means of abrogating pathogenic phenotypes, but many known quorum sensing modulators have limitations, including hydrolytic instability and displaying non-monotonic dose curves (indicative of additional targets and/or modes of action). To address these issues, we undertook a structure-based scaffold-hopping approach to develop new chemical modulators of the LasR quorum sensing receptor in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. We combined components from a triphenyl derivative known to strongly agonize LasR with chemical moieties known for LasR antagonism and generated potent LasR antagonists that are hydrolytically stable across a range of pH values. Additionally, many of these antagonists do not exhibit non-monotonic dose effects, delivering probes that inhibit LasR across a wider range of assay conditions relative to known lactone-based ligands.
X-splines (1995)

This paper presents a new model of spline curves and surfaces. The main characteristic of this model is that it has been created from scratch by using a kind of mathematical engineering process. In a first step, a list of specifications was established. This list groups all the properties that a spline model should contain in order to appear intuitive to a non-mathematician end-user. In a second step, a new family of blending functions was derived, trying to fulfill as many items as possible of the previous list. Finally, the degrees of freedom offered by the model have been reduced to provide only shape parameters that have a visual interpretation on the screen. The resulting model includes many classical properties such as affine and perspective invariance, convex hull, variation diminution, local controlandC2=G2 orC2=G0 continuity. But it also includesoriginal features such as a continuum between B-splines and Catmull-Rom splines, or the ability to define approximation zones and interpolation zones in the same curve or surface.
ConsensusClusterPlus: a class discovery tool with confidence assessments and item tracking (2010)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Zonal Fractionation of Mammalian Metaphase Chromosomes and Determination of Their DNA Content (1973)

Abstract Chinese hamster cells in culture were synchronized, collected at metaphase, homogenized to release the chromosomes, and the chromosomes fractionated in a sucrose gradient using a zonal centrifuge with an A12 zonal rotor. Chromosomes in the separated fractions as well as in control metaphase spreads were quantitatively classified into five easily distinguished groups, according to individual measurements of length and centromeric index. For each zonal fraction, chemical determinations were made of the amount of DNA per average chromosome. Using the group compositional data for each fraction, the amount of DNA per average chromosome in each of the groups was then calculated to be: Group I (chromosomes 1, 2)= 1.00 ± 0.14 pgm/chromatid; Group II (chromosomes 4, X, 5) -0.39 ± 0.05 pgm/chromatid; Group III (chromosomes Y, 6, 7, 8)=0.24 ± 0.04 pgm/chromatid; Group IV (chromosomes 9, 10, 11)=0.13 ± 0.004 pgm/ chromatid; and Group V (a small marker in this cell line)=0.06 pgm/ chromatid. These values are in good agreement with the literature values for relative chromosomal DNA content derived from cytospectrophotometric measurements of fuelgen stained hamster metaphase spreads. They indicate that unlike the case for human chromatids the amount of DNA found in hamster chromatids is not directly proportional to the chromatid length. The larger chromosomes contain more DNA per unit length than smaller chromosomes. The magnitude of this effect is considerably greater than that which may be ascribable to centromeric constriction.
Production and characterization of mouse monoclonal antibodies to human bladder tumor-associated antigens. (1985)

Monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) to human bladder carcinoma were generated by fusion of NS-1 mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with either cultured human bladder cancer cells or cells obtained from a fresh surgically removed bladder tumor. Four hybridomas which reacted strongly with bladder tumor cells and not to normal skin fibroblasts or urothelial cells were identified and cloned by limiting dilution to obtain monoclonality. One McAb, 3G2-C6, raised with cultured tumor bladder cells MGH-U1 (EJ) as the immunogen reacted more strongly to the bladder tumor lines tested than any of the other McAbs resulting from various fusion experiments. Hybridoma 3G2-C6 was found to secrete murine immunoglobulin G1 and to produce high titer ascites fluid when grown in BALB/c mice. Results from quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays on a panel of more than 35 cell lines demonstrated that McAb 3G2-C6 reacted with several bladder tumor cell lines 50 to 90 times more than with normal transitional urothelium. Two kidney and two testicular tumor lines also bound 10 times more 3G2-C6 than with normal cells. The 3G2-C6 antigen was only marginally detected on a number of other cancer and noncancerous cells tested such as breast and lung tumor cells, melanoma, fetal cells, and peripheral blood lymphocytes. To identify the antigen 125I-labeled membrane components from MGH-U1 cells were extracted with detergent, immunoprecipitated with Protein-A bound 3G2-C6, and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis. This revealed that McAb 3G2-C6 binds to a Mr 90,000 cell surface component. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy with fluorescein isothiocyanate-anti-mouse immunoglobulin G also identified the antigen on the surface of cultured and fresh tumor cells and detected the antigen on 16 of 17 Grade 3 bladder tumor specimens as well as on some kidney and testicular tumor cells. This study confirms the potential of the hybridoma technique for producing McAbs capable of identifying tumor associated antigens which may be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer.
Reduction of fertility and alteration of uterine pH in heifers fed excess ruminally degradable protein1 (1993)

The objective of these studies was to elucidate the causes underlying the reduction of fertility associated with feeding of excess ruminally degradable protein to cattle. Holstein heifers were fed total mixed rations that either met (Normal) or exceeded (High) ruminally degradable protein requirements. In Exp. 1 heifers (n = 80) were inseminated at estrus after being fed the experimental diets for 4 wk. First-service conception rates were 82 and 61% for the Normal and High groups, respectively (P < .05). Plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) levels were elevated (10.2 +/- .17 vs 14.8 +/- .19 mg/dL) in the High group throughout the experiment (P < .05). In Exp. 2, heifers (n = 32) receiving the same diets as in Exp. 1 were fitted with catheters in a jugular vein, in the bladder, and in the uterus on either the day before expected estrus or d 6 after estrus. On estrus or d 7, plasma and urinary NH4 and urea nitrogen and uterine pH were determined at 4-h intervals for 24 h beginning just before feeding. Plasma NH4 was variable and did not differ between treatments or days of the estrous cycle. During the 24-h period, urinary urea nitrogen and PUN were elevated (P < .05) in the High groups and did not differ between days of the cycle. Urinary NH4 excretion was elevated (P < .05) during the 24-h period only in the High group on d 7. Uterine pH did not change over time after feeding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
cDNA structure of the mouse and rat subtilisin/kexin-like PC5: a candidate proprotein convertase expressed in endocrine and nonendocrine cells. (1993)

By using reverse transcriptase/PCR and oligonucleotide sequences derived from conserved segments (including the conserved RRGDL sequence) of the known proprotein convertases (PCs) PC1, PC2, furin, and PC4, we identified a subtilisin/kexin-like PC called PC5 in both mouse and rat tissues. The composite structure (2.85 kb) was deduced from the analysis of the reverse transcription/PCR products combined with the sequence from a clone isolated from a cDNA library made from corticotropin-activated mouse adrenocortical Y1 cells. The deduced cDNA structures of mouse PC5 and rat PC5 showed that the closest homologue is PACE4. Furthermore, like furin, Drosophila melanogaster (d) dfurin2, and PACE4, PC5 shows the presence of a C-terminal Cys-rich domain containing either 5 (PC5 and PACE4) or 10 (dfurin2) repeats of the consensus motif Cys-Xaa2-Cys-Xaa3-Cys-Xaa(5-7)-Cys-Xaa2-Cys-Xaa (8-15)-Cys-Xaa3-Cys-Xaa(9-16). The richest sources of rat PC5 mRNA (3.8 kb) are the adrenal and gut, but it can also be detected in many endocrine and nonendocrine tissues. Corticotropin-stimulated adrenocortical Y1 cells showed an increased expression of PC5 mRNA, suggesting an upregulation by cAMP. In situ hybridization of rat brain sections demonstrated a unique distribution of PC5 compared to PC1, PC2, and furin.
Chronic inflammation that facilitates tumor progression creates local immune suppression by inducing indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (2008)

Topical application of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) elicits intense local inflammation that facilitates outgrowth of premalignant lesions in skin after carcinogen exposure. The inflammatory response to PMA treatment activates immune stimulatory mechanisms. However, we show here that PMA exposure also induces plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in local draining lymph nodes (dLNs) to express indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO), which confers T cell suppressor activity on pDCs. The induced IDO-mediated inhibitory activity in this subset of pDCs was potent, dominantly suppressing the T cell stimulatory activity of other DCs that comprise the major fraction of dLN DCs. IDO induction in pDCs depended on inflammatory signaling by means of IFN type I and II receptors, the TLR/IL-1 signaling adaptor MyD88, and on cellular stress responses to amino acid withdrawal by means of the integrated stress response kinase GCN2. Consistent with the hypothesis that T cell suppressive, IDO(+) pDCs elicited by PMA exposure create local immune privilege that favors tumor development, IDO-deficient mice exhibited a robust tumor-resistant phenotype in the standard DMBA/PMA 2-stage carcinogenesis model of skin papilloma formation. Thus, IDO is a key immunosuppressive factor that facilitates tumor progression in this setting of chronic inflammation driven by repeated topical PMA exposure.
Cancer-testis antigens: promising targets for antigen directed antineoplastic immunotherapy (2002)

During the last decade, the aberrant expression of normal testicular proteins in neoplastically transformed cells became common knowledge. Cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) represent a novel family of immunogenic proteins. The genes MAGE, BAGE, GAGE, LAGE and NY-ESO-1 code for antigens that are recognised on various neoplastically transformed cells by autologous, cytolytic CD8 ( + ) T lymphocytes. The MAGE genes were initially analysed from melanomas and turned out to have an almost exclusively neoplasm specific expression pattern. In normal adult tissues, most 23 human MAGE genes are expressed only in the testis, with expression patterns suggesting that this gene family is involved in germ cell development. The SSX (synovial sarcoma on X chromosome) gene family, located on the X chromosome, encode a family of highly homologous nuclear proteins. A number of observations confirmed that all five SSX genes were expressed in normal testis. The newly detected CTA, NY-ESO-1, is regarded as one of the most immunogenic antigens ever isolated, inducing spontaneous host immune responses in 50% of patients with NY-ESO-1-expressing neoplasms. The identification of neoplasm-associated markers recognised by cellular or humoral effectors of the immune system has opened new perspectives for antigen directed, individualised antineoplastic immunotherapy. In preparation for this new era of targeted immunotherapy, a number of neoplasm-associated antigen families have been identified as targets for CD8+, cytolytic T lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo : (1) CTAs expressed in various neoplasms and in normal testis, restricted to male germ cells; (2) melanocyte differentiation antigens; (3) point mutations of normal genes; (4) antigens overexpressed in neoplastic tissues; and (5) viral antigens. Immunotherapeutic protocols directed against the CTAs have already been initiated to analyse the induction of antigen-specific cellular and humoral immune responses in vivo.