gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thrombospondin: a modular adhesive glycoprotein of platelets and nucleated cells. (1987)

Platelet adhesion to the subendothelial matrix and the subsequent aggregation of the activated platelets is a special case of intercellular adhesion that is highly regulated and for which multiple, possibly redundant systems exist. The large adhesive such as fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, and fibronectin and their receptors, which participate in platelet adhesion and aggregation, are not unique to platelets, and probably serve analogous functions in a variety of cell types and locations. Thrombospondin (TS)/the most abundant protein of platelet alpha-granules, has been recognized as a new member of this class of glycoproteins. Whereas other glycoproteins are contained within alpha-granules and secreted upon platelet activation, they also exist in plasma at high concentrations. Hence TS is the only member of the group that is unique to alpha-granules and whose expression in quantity at sites of platelet aggregation is absolutely dependent on
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent formation of hydrogen peroxide by brain nitric oxide synthase (1992)

L-Arginine-derived nitric oxide (NO) acts as an inter- and intra-cellular signal molecule in many mammalian tissues including brain, where it is formed by a flavin-containing Ca2+/calmodulin-requiring NO synthase with NADPH, tetrahydrobiopterin (H4biopterin) and molecular oxygen as cofactors. We found that purified brain NO synthase acted as a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase, catalysing the formation of hydrogen peroxide at suboptimal concentrations of L-arginine or H4biopterin, which inhibited the hydrogen peroxide formation with half-maximal effects at 11 microM and 0.3 microM respectively. Half-maximal rates of L-citrulline formation were observed at closely similar concentrations of these compounds, indicating that the NO synthase-catalysed oxygen activation was coupled to the synthesis of L-citrulline and NO in the presence of L-arginine and H4biopterin. N omega-Nitro-L-arginine, its methyl ester and N omega-monomethyl-L-arginine inhibited the synthesis of L-citrulline from L-arginine (100 microM) with half-maximal effects at 0.74 microM, 2.8 microM and 15 microM respectively. The N omega-nitro compounds also blocked the substrate-independent generation of hydrogen peroxide, whereas N omega-monomethyl-L-arginine did not affect this reaction. According to these results, activation of brain NO synthase by Ca2+ at subphysiological levels of intracellular L-arginine or H4biopterin may result in the formation of reactive oxygen species instead of NO, and N omega-nitro-substituted L-arginine analogues represent useful tools to effectively block NO synthase-catalysed oxygen activation.
Holocarboxylase synthetase is an obligate participant in biotin-mediated regulation of its own expression and of biotin-dependent carboxylases mRNA levels in human cells (2002)

Holocarboxylase synthetase (HCS) catalyzes the covalent attachment of biotin to five biotin-dependent carboxylases in human cells. Multiple carboxylase deficiency (MCD) is a life-threatening disease characterized by the lack of carboxylase activities because of deficiency of HCS activity. Here, we report the obligatory participation of HCS in the biotin-dependent stimulation of the level of HCS mRNA and those of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and the alpha subunit of propionyl-CoA carboxylase in human cells. Fibroblasts from patients with MCD are unable to increase HCS mRNA in response to biotin unless the vitamin concentration is raised 100-fold, in keeping with mutations that cause a reduced affinity for biotin by the mutant enzyme. The outcome is deficient synthesis of biotinyl-5'-AMP, the active form of the vitamin in the biotinylation reaction. HCS and carboxylase mRNA levels in normal and MCD fibroblasts and HepG2 cells can be restored by the addition of the cGMP analogue, 8-Br-cGMP, and can be abolished by the addition of inhibitors of the soluble form of guanylate cyclase. We propose a regulatory role for biotin in the control of HCS and carboxylase mRNA levels through a signaling cascade that requires HCS, guanylate cyclase, and cGMP-dependent protein kinase.
[Serum osteocalcin and diabetes mellitus. A study of 98 patients]. (1992)

The goal of this study was to evaluate in 98 diabetic patients the serum levels of osteocalcin (OC) and their relationship with glycosylated hemoglobin levels and with the duration, calculated in years, of the disease. Patients were divided in 3 groups: 17 IDDM patients, 62 NIDDM patients treated with oral hypoglycaemic agents, and 19 NIDDM patients treated with insulin. Results were compared to 2 different control groups. In IDDM patients OC serum levels were significantly lower if compared either to control group and to NIDDM patients. The 2 groups of NIDDM patients showed significantly higher OC values than controls. No significant relationship resulted between OC levels, the duration of diabetes and the glycosylated hemoglobin values. The results of the study indicate a direct correlation between pancreatic function and osteoblastic activity: insulin lack is associated with reduced OC serum levels.
An electrohydrodynamic micropump (1990)

A micromachined electrohydrodynamic (EHD) injection pump is presented. The pump consists mainly of two opposed grids, which are micromachined from single crystal silicon and bonded together anodically. Pumping and static pressure generation is achieved with different polar fluids such as ethanol, propanol, or acetone, but most organic solvents can be pumped. With ethanol a maximum static pressure of 2.5 kPa (32 cm pumping head) and a pumping rate of 14 ml/min at a pressure of 420 Pa are achieved. For the realized pump the grid area measures 3 mm*3 mm and the grid distance 350 mu m. Pumping starts at DC voltages as low as 40 V, whereas 700 V are needed for maximum throughput. Pumping is also observed with an AC driving voltage. To increase pressure several of the devices can be stacked. The maximum flow rate and pressure head can be varied in a wide range by adjusting the dimensions of the pump. By further reducing the grid distance the driving voltages can be reduced.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A new image compression scheme using repeat reduction and arithmetic coding (2009)

Based on some simple arithmetic operation, an efficient lossless image compression technique is proposed. We use repeat reduction and arithmetic coding to improve the results of compression. We get better results than log-exp based compression and arithmetic modulo based compression. From the experimental results, it can be seen that the performance of proposed method is better for all standard images. The complexity of our proposed method with respect to compression ratio has also been analyzed. The proposed method is most applicable for those images where lossy compression is to be avoided.
Evidence of Brain Overgrowth in the First Year of Life in Autism (2003)

The clinical onset of autism appears to be preceded by 2 phases of brain growth abnormality: a reduced head size at birth and a sudden and excessive increase in head size between 1 to 2 months and 6 to 14 months. Abnormally accelerated rate of growth may serve as an early warning signal of risk for autism.
FPGA Based Implementation of Decoder for Array Low-Density Parity-Check Codes (2006)

Low density parity check (LDPC) codes have received much attention for their excellent performance, and the inherent parallelism involved in decoding them. We consider a type of structured binary LDPC codes, known as array LDPC codes, which have low encoding complexity and good performance, for implementation on a Xilinx field programmable gate array (FPGA) device.
Calcium-activated potassium channels in resting and activated human T lymphocytes. Expression levels, calcium dependence, ion selectivity, and pharmacology. (1993)

Ca(2+)-activated K+[K(Ca)] channels in resting and activated human peripheral blood T lymphocytes were characterized using simultaneous patch-clamp recording and fura-2 monitoring of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]i. Whole-cell experiments, using EGTA-buffered pipette solutions to raise [Ca2+]i to 1 microM, revealed a 25-fold increase in the number of conducting K(Ca) channels per cell, from an average of 20 in resting T cells to > 500 channels per cell in T cell blasts after mitogenic activation. The opening of K(Ca) channels in both whole-cell and inside-out patch experiments was highly sensitive to [Ca2+]i (Hill coefficient of 4, with a midpoint of approximately 300 nM). At optimal [Ca2+]i, the open probability of a K(Ca) channel was 0.3-0.5. K(Ca) channels showed little or no voltage dependence from -100 to 0 mV. Single-channel I-V curves were linear with a unitary conductance of 11 pS in normal Ringer and exhibited modest inward rectification with a unitary conductance of approximately 35 pS in symmetrical 160 mM K+. Permeability ratios, relative to K+, determined from reversal potential measurements were: K+ (1.0) > Rb+ (0.96) > NH4+ (0.17) > Cs+ (0.07). Slope conductance ratios were: NH4+ (1.2) > K+ (1.0) > Rb+ (0.6) > Cs+ (0.10). Extracellular Cs+ or Ba2+ each induced voltage-dependent block of K(Ca) channels, with block increasing at hyperpolarizing potentials in a manner suggesting a site of block 75% across the membrane field from the outside. K(Ca) channels were blocked by tetraethylammonium (TEA) applied externally (Kd = 40 mM), but were unaffected by 10 mM TEA applied inside by pipette perfusion. K(Ca) channels were blocked by charybdotoxin (CTX) with a half-blocking dose of 3-4 nM, but were resistant to block by noxiustoxin (NTX) at 1-100 nM. Unlike K(Ca) channels in Jurkat T cells, the K(Ca) channels of normal resting or activated T cells were not blocked by apamin. We conclude that while K(Ca) and voltage-gated K+ channels in the same cells share similarities in ion permeation, Cs+ and Ba2+ block, and sensitivity to CTX, the underlying proteins differ in structural characteristics that determine channel gating and block by NTX and TEA.
The p110delta catalytic isoform of PI3K is a key player in NK-cell development and cytokine secretion (2007)

The signal transduction pathways that lead activated natural killer (NK) cells to produce cytokines, releases cytotoxic granules, or do both, are not clearly dissected. For example, phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are key players in the execution of both functions, but the relative contribution of each isoform is unknown. We show here that the catalytic isoform p110delta, not p110gamma, was required for interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) secretion, whereas neither was necessary for cytotoxicity. Yet, when both p110delta and p110gamma isoforms were inactivated by a combination of genetic and biochemical approaches, cytotoxicity was decreased. NK-cell numbers were also affected by the lack of p110delta but not p110gamma and more severely so in mice lacking both subunits. These results provide genetic evidence that p110delta is the dominant PI3K isoform for cytokine secretion by NK cells and suggest that PI3Ks cooperate during NK-cell development and cytotoxicity.
Pooling of Case Specimens to Create Standard Serum Sets for Screening Cancer Biomarkers (2007)

The potential value of standard serum sets for initial assessment of candidate biomarkers is illustrated. Sets are now available through the Early Detection Research Network to evaluate biomarkers for women's cancers.
Gelation of hyaluronic acid through annealing (2000)

The effect of annealing, at a temperature higher than that of the gel-sol transition, on the junction formation in the gelation process of sodium hyaluronate/water systems was investigated by the falling ball method (FBM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). FBM measurements were carried out for 1, 2 and 3 wt% solutions. Gel formation was not observed for 1 and 2 wt% solutions, but for 3 wt% solution, gel formation was observed for annealing temperature T = 60 °C and annealing time longer than 6 h. The gel-sol transition temperature measured by FBM was about 15 °C. Gel formation was not observed in measurements at T = 40 °C and 50 °C. However, the enthalpy of melting, ΔHm per 1 mg of water, (determined by DSC) changed in a complex manner during annealing at 60 °C, ie ΔHm increased in the initial stage and then decreased in the later stage. This indicates that the amount of non-freezing water decreased in the initial stage and then increased in the latter stage. The initial stage corresponds to processes of dissociation of the assemblies of hyaluronic acid molecules by desorbing water molecules and subsequent homogenization of the system. However in the later stage, a junction structure which enables the system to form gels was thought to be formed. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Live‐cell imaging of viral RNA genomes using a Pumilio‐based reporter (2008)

We describe a method for localizing plant viral RNAs in vivo using Pumilio, an RNA-binding protein, coupled to bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). Two Pumilio homology domain (PUMHD) polypeptides, fused to either the N- or C-terminal halves of split mCitrine, were engineered to recognize two closely adjacent eight-nucleotide sequences in the genomic RNA of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Binding of the PUMHDs to their target sites brought the split mCitrine halves into close proximity, allowing BiFC to occur and revealing the localization of viral RNA within infected cells. The bulk of the RNA was sequestered in characteristic inclusion bodies known as viral replication complexes (VRCs), with a second population of RNA localized in discrete particles distributed throughout the peripheral cytoplasm. Transfer of the TMV Pumilio recognition sequences into the genome of potato virus X (PVX) allowed the PVX RNA to be localized. Unlike TMV, the PVX RNA was concentrated in distinctive 'whorls' within the VRC. Optical sectioning of the PVX VRCs revealed that one of the viral movement proteins was localized to the centres of the RNA whorls, demonstrating significant partitioning of viral RNA and proteins within the VRC. The utility of Pumilio as a fluorescence-based reporter for viral RNA is discussed.
Hemodynamic and Renal Effects of ProANF31-67 in Hypertensive Rats (1999)

It has been demonstrated previously that the atrial natriuretic factor prohormone fragment 31–67 (ProANF31–67) circulates in animals and possesses natriuretic and vasodilating actions. Although the plasma levels of the peptide are reportedly elevated in patients with high blood pressure, its role and actions in hypertension are unknown. In the present study, synthetic human ProANF31–67 was infused intravenously at doses of 0, 10, 30, and 100 ng/kg/min into respective groups of anesthetized normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), urine flow rate (UV), and sodium excretion (UNaV) were measured during two consecutive 30-min periods. In both strains of rats, reductions in MAP with ProANF31–67 were similar in magnitude and dose-related. Sodium excretion responses to the peptide infusions also were remarkably similar in both normotensive and hypertensive rats, and the responses demonstrated 3- to 5-fold (P < 0.05) increments compared to control at the doses of 10 and 30 ng/kg/min. However, in the two strains of rats, attenuation of natriuresis occurred with the highest infusion dose of 100 ng/kg/min and was probably related to the large decreases in MAP of 17–23 mmHg at this dose of the peptide. The present results indicate the ProANF31–67 has important hemodynamic and renal effects in hypertension and may represent one compensatory mechanism involved in this disease.
Thirty minutes of low intensity electrical stimulation promotes nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve crush injury in a rat model. (2010)

We investigated whether electrical stimulation (ES) applied directly for 30 minutes after crushing injury to the sciatic nerves of rats could improve nerve regeneration. Two groups of animals were used in this study (n = 20 each): the ES group received 30 minutes of low intensity ES (20 Hz pulse rate, 2 uA amplitude) immediately after a standard crush injury, while the control group received no stimulation after injury. Both groups were followed up for three weeks. The sciatic function index (SFI) was calculated weekly. Mean conduction velocity (MCV) and peak voltage (PV) were calculated, and the sensory neurons in L4 and L5 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were traced with Fluorogold in retrograde fashion and quantified at the end of the follow up period. Histomorphometric studies were also carried out in both groups. The ES group showed improved functional and sensory recovery compared to the control group three weeks after injury. SFI, MCV and the number of retrogradely labeled sensory neurons were significantly higher in the ES group. Additionally, axon counts, myelin thicknesses and G-ratio values were also higher in the ES group. Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed an elevated expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in DRG sensory neurons of the ES group five days post-injury. Here, we present the first evidence that the application of ES for 30 minutes immediately following crush injury is effective to promote nerve regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve model.
Antiangiogenic Activity of Prostate-Specific Antigen (1999)

To our knowledge, this is the first report that PSA may function in tumors as an endogenous antiangiogenic protein. This function may explain, in part, the naturally slow progression of prostate cancer. Our findings call into question various strategies to inhibit the expression of PSA in the treatment of prostate cancer.
A dorsal root ganglia cell line derived from trisomy 16 fetal mice, a model for Down syndrome (2002)

We have established two immortalized cell lines from dorsal root ganglia of normal (G4b) and trisomy 16 mice (GT1), a model for Down syndrome. By immunohistochemistry, both cell lines exhibit neuronal traits and lack glial markers. GTl cells exhibited greater [3H]choline uptake than G4b cells. K+ and nicotine-mediated acetylcholine release was greater in GT1 cells. Basal intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was significantly lower in GTl cells. More GTl cells responded to neurotransmitters with a transient [Ca2+]i increase compared to G4b cells, but both cell types showed similar amplitudes of [Ca2+]i responses. The results show that both cell lines retain neuronal characteristics and respond to specific neurotransmitter stimuli. Altered GT1 cell responses could be related to neuronal pathophysiology in Down's syndrome.
The Effect of Recombinant Human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor on Neutropenia and Related Morbidity in Chronic Severe Neutropenia (1989)

Study Objective: To define the clinical and hematologic effects of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) on patients with chronic severe neutropenia. Design: Open-label, phase II study of rhGM-CSF. Setting: Inpatient hematology and surgery clinic at a university medical center. Patients: Four consecutive patients with chronic severe neutropenia, which in two cases was complicated by severe infection, in one case by perianal fistula, and in one case by complete rectal prolapse. Two patients had chronic idiopathic neutropenia; one patient had congenital neutropenia (myelokathexis); and one patient had autoimmune neutropenia. Interventions: The rhGM-CSF was given intravenously or subcutaneously at starting dosages of 150 to 1000 μg/m2 body surface area · d for 12 to 14 consecutive days. Two patients received a second course of daily rhGM-CSF treatment after a nontreatment interval of 14 to 20 days. Measurements and Main Results: In all four patients, the absolute neutrophil counts increased from less than 0.25 X 109/L to 3.2 to 19.2 X 109/L within 2 weeks of beginning rhGM-CSF therapy. Two patients had life-threatening infections that resolved during therapy. The two other patients had major ano-rectal surgery during rhGM-CSF treatment and had no postoperative infections. Conclusions: In patients with chronic neutropenia, rhGM-CSF may increase neutrophil counts. This therapy may be a useful adjunct to antibiotic therapy for patients with infection and perioperatively for patients having anorectal surgery.
Express photolithographic DNA microarray synthesis with optimized chemistry and high-efficiency photolabile groups (2016)

Highly optimized and microarray-specific phosphoramidite chemistry, along with the use of the very photosensitive thiophenyl-NPPOC protecting group allow for the synthesis of high-complexity DNA arrays using coupling times of 15 s and deprotection times of 9 s. The resulting overall cycle time (coupling to coupling) of about 50 s, results in a three-fold reduction in synthesis time.
Thermal ablation and high-temperature thermal therapy: Overview of technology and clinical implementation (2005)

High-temperature hyperthermia or thermal therapy is being applied for destruction of cancerous tissue, eradication or reduction of benign tumours and targeted tissue modification and remodelling. Many of these high-temperature technologies provide a minimally-invasive alternative with lower morbidities compared to the traditional surgical procedures. The effects of high-temperature thermal exposure on tissues, examples of heating technology and procedures of clinical practice related to high-temperature thermal therapy are reviewed. This brief review encompasses interstitial, endocavity, intraluminal and external applications of RF, microwave, ultrasound, laser and thermal conduction energy sources. The technology is prevalent and in various levels of advancement, with the move toward more spatially-accurate and controllable heating systems combined with image-guidance and treatment verification warranted, especially for the treatment of cancer.
Comparison of operation parameters between binary and analogue switching pixellated light valves (1998)

The paper describes operation parameters of light valves (or optically addressed spatial light modulators (OASLMs)) which incorporate the pixellated binary (SCE 13) and a pixellated analogue (Chisso 2004) switching liquid crystal effect devices. The four operation parameters, namely the spatial resolution at 50% modulation, switching speed (or frame rate), sensitivity, and contrast ratio for the SCE 13 device were 54 lines/mm, 3.5 kHz, 2.3 mW/cm2 and 17:1, respectively. Those of its Chisso 2004 counterpart were 52 lines/mm, 2.5 kHz, 2.5 mW/cm2 and 10.8:1. Modulated output images acquired by writing the United States Air Force (USAF) resolution chart and a slide on the photosensitive layer of the light valve are shown.
Physiology of the orexinergic/hypocretinergic system: a revisit in 2012 (2012)

The neuropeptides orexins and their G protein-coupled receptors, OX(1) and OX(2), were discovered in 1998, and since then, their role has been investigated in many functions mediated by the central nervous system, including sleep and wakefulness, appetite/metabolism, stress response, reward/addiction, and analgesia. Orexins also have peripheral actions of less clear physiological significance still. Cellular responses to the orexin receptor activity are highly diverse. The receptors couple to at least three families of heterotrimeric G proteins and other proteins that ultimately regulate entities such as phospholipases and kinases, which impact on neuronal excitation, synaptic plasticity, and cell death. This article is a 10-year update of my previous review on the physiology of the orexinergic/hypocretinergic system. I seek to provide a comprehensive update of orexin physiology that spans from the molecular players in orexin receptor signaling to the systemic responses yet emphasizing the cellular physiological aspects of this system.