gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Search Method for Inhibitors of Staphyloxanthin Production by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (2012)

Staphyloxanthin, a yellow pigment produced by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), is a virulent factor escaping from the host immune system. A new screening method for inhibitors of staphyloxanthin production by MRSA was established using paper disks. By this screening method, inhibitors of staphyloxanthin production were selected from the natural product library (ca. 300) and from actinomycete culture broths (ca. 1000). From the natural product library, four known inhibitors of lipid metabolism, cerulenin, dihydrobisvertinol, xanthohumol and zaragozic acid, were found to inhibit staphyloxanthin production; however, typical antibiotics used clinically, including vancomycin, had no effect on staphyloxanthin production. From actinomycete culture broths, two known anthraquinones, 6-deoxy-8-O-methylrabelomycin and tetrangomycin, were found to inhibit staphyloxanthin production by MRSA in the paper disk assay. These results suggested that this screening method is useful and effective to find compounds targeting staphyloxanthin production, leading to a new type of chemotherapeutics against MRSA infection.
Canine Parvovirus Infection Potentiates Canine Distemper Encephalitis Attributable to Modified Live-Virus Vaccine (1982)

Twelve gnotobiotic dogs from 2 litters were allotted to 3 groups. Group A dogs received a modified-live polyvalent (canine distemper, adenovirus type 2, and parainfluenza virus and Leptospira -canicola-icterohemorrhagiae bacterin) vaccine 3 days prior to oral inoculation with canine parvovirus (CPV). Group B dogs received CPV alone. Group C dogs received 1 dose of vaccine only. In none of the 9 CPV-inoculated dogs did clinical signs of CPV infection develop, although high serum antibody titers for CPV developed in all of them. However, in 2 of the 5 CPV-inoculated vaccinates, canine distemper virus encephalomyelitis subsequently developed. The results suggested that CPV exerts an immunomodulating effect on canine immune responses and may be responsible for vaccination failures in dogs.
Validation of a first‐generation epstein‐barr virus vaccine preparation suitable for human use (1989)

The efficacy of a new vaccine preparation against Epstein-Barr (EB) virus was investigated in cotton-top tamarins. The vaccine consists of fast protein liquid chromatography-purified EB virus membrane antigen glycoprotein of 340 Kd (MA gp340) mixed with a synthetic muramyl dipeptide adjuvant emulsified in squalane containing a pluronic polymer; it is suitable for both scaled-up batch production and eventual administration to man. Vaccinated tamarins rapidly developed ELISA detectable high titre antibodies to MA gp340, and their sera became strongly EB virus-neutralising. After challenge with a massive 100% carcinogenic dose of EB virus, the vaccinated tamarins had a strikingly low level of circulating EB virus-carrying mononuclear cells, in contrast to a control animal, and remained entirely free of tumours. This first-generation vaccine has thus been validated in experimental animals and the way opened for a phase I human trial.
Iron and Chronic Viral Hepatitis: Emerging Evidence for an Important Interaction (1995)

Iron is an essential element for cell survival; it serves as a cofactor for essential enzymes in oxidative metabolism and (in the form of heme) as the major oxygen transporter in most forms of life on earth. Both deficiency and excess of iron often lead to disease. Iron is necessary for the proliferation of microorganisms and neoplastic cells. The presence of iron overload facilitates infection, as evidenced by the increased risk of persons with hemochromatosis to certain infections and by the fact that patients with lesser amounts of hepatic iron appear to respond better to interferon therapy for chronic viral hepatitis than those with larger amounts of hepatic iron. Viral hepatitis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality. Recent studies suggest that there is a key link between iron metabolism and the pathophysiology of viral hepatitis. The lobular and cellular distribution of iron in the liver may be as important as the total quantity of iron present. Whether iron removal will prove useful in the long-term management of chronic viral hepatitis is an issue in need of further well-designed, randomized, controlled trials.
Regulated expression and function of CD11c/CD18 integrin on human B lymphocytes. Relation between attachment to fibrinogen and triggering of proliferation through CD11c/CD18. (1991)

CD11c/CD18 (p150,95) is a beta 2 integrin expressed by myeloid, natural killer and certain lymphoid cells such as some cytotoxic T cell clones and B cell malignancies. We have studied the expression and function of CD11c on resting and activated B lymphocytes. Flow cytometry, immunoprecipitation, and mRNA analyses showed that cell activation with phorbol esters or with a variety of stimuli such as Staphylococcus aureus or anti-mu antibodies in combination with cytokines induced de novo CD11c/CD18 cell surface expression on most B cells while CD11b expression was not affected. Functional analysis of CD11c/CD18 on B cells revealed that it plays a dual role. First, CD11c/CD18 is implicated in B cell proliferation, as demonstrated by the ability of several anti-CD11c monoclonal antibodies to trigger comitogenic signals; and second, the newly expressed CD11c/CD18 mediates B cell binding to fibrinogen. Our data conclusively demonstrate the role of CD11c/CD18 on both B cell activation and adhesion processes.
20-epi-vitamin D3 analogues: a novel class of potent inhibitors of proliferation and inducers of differentiation of human breast cancer cell lines. (1995)

We have studied the in vitro biological activities and mechanism of action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) and four potent 1,25D3 analogues [20-epi-22oxa-24a,26a,27a-tri-homo-1,25(OH)2D3 (KH 1060); 20-epi-1,25(OH)2D3; 1,25(OH)2-16ene-D3; and 1,25(OH)2-16ene-23yne-D3] on proliferation and differentiation of estrogen receptor-negative (MDA-MB-436, BT-20, SK-BR-3, and MDA-MB-231), estrogen receptor-weakly positive (BT474), and estrogen receptor-positive (MCF-7) breast cancer cell lines. Dose-response studies showed that KH 1060 was the most potent analogue, because it was able to induce differentiation in all seven breast cancer cell lines (measured by lipid staining) and to suppress more than 50% clonal proliferation (ED50) at 10(-10) M in all cell lines, except MDA-MB-436 and BT-20. To explore how these compounds mediated antiproliferative actions, their effects on the cell cycle, on expression of bcl-2 and p53, and on apoptosis were assessed. Five of six cell lines have a mutant p53 gene, whereas MCF-7 has wild-type p53. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the p53 protein was predominantly localized in the nucleus in each of the breast cancer cell lines except for MCF-7, which expressed the protein predominantly in the cytoplasm. After incubation with KH 1060 (3 days; 10(-7) M), expression of bcl-2 protein as determined by immunohistochemical localization was markedly decreased in BT-474, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231; these same cells were profoundly inhibited in their clonal proliferation and arrested in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle when cultured with KH 1060. In contrast, BT-20 and MDA-MB-436 cells that were refractory to the antiproliferative effect of KH 1060 (ED50 < 10(-6) M) had no down-regulation of their bcl-2 expression and no cell cycle changes after exposure to KH 1060. MCF-7 showed morphological changes and DNA fragmentation, indicative of apoptosis after 48 h incubation with KH 1060 (10(-6) M), during which time p53 protein accumulated in the nucleus and decreased in the cytoplasm. In contrast, no apoptosis was detected in three other breast lines (MDA-MB-231, SK-BR-3, and BT-474) that had a mutated p53. In conclusion, the data indicate that KH 1060 is an extremely potent 1,25D3 analogue inducing differentiation of all six breast cancer lines and potently inhibiting clonal growth of four of them with concomitant decreased bcl-2 and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Long-Term Prognosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia According to the New Genetic Risk Classification of the European LeukemiaNet Recommendations: Evaluation of the Proposed Reporting System (2011)

In younger patients with AML, the ELN classification seems to be the best available framework for prognostic estimations to date. Caution is advised concerning its use for prospective treatment allocation before it has been prospectively validated. In elderly patients, alternative prognostic factors are desirable for further risk stratification of IR.
A novel type of utility-interactive inverter for photovoltaic system (2004)

A novel utility-interactive inverter for photovoltaic system is proposed. This inverter has no transformer to reduce the size but has a unique power processing system consisting of a dc-dc converter and a single-phase full-bridge inverter. The dc-dc converter is a two-quadrant type and performs boost/buck-mode operations to feed-forward/feed-back the instantaneous power to/from the utility. The feed-backing function is rarely utilized for such as controlling the power-factor in utility side to regulate the utility voltage. Although both the dc-dc converter and the inverter operate with high-frequency switching at all the time in the conventional scheme, only the dc-dc converter or the inverter operate with high-frequency switching in the proposed one. Thus, the switching losses are reduced significantly in the new system. Additionally, the dc-dc converter controls the input current so that the dc-inductor traps the ripple-power fed back from the utility. As a result, a large capacitor is not necessary to connect in the input of inverter in this new system. In the products, the efficiency marked very high value (i.e., 95.5 [%] and 95.1 [%] in the half load and the rated load condition of 4.5 kW, respectively) where the utility voltage is 240 [V/sub RMS/] and the solar-cells voltage is 200 [V]. On the other hand, total harmonic distortion of the utility current of the product marked very low value (i.e., 1.6 [%]) in the rated condition. The size of the power unit including the heat-sink is reduced to 2/3 of the conventional one.
Modeling subsurface drainage using steady-state and transient methods (2016)

<abstract> <b>Abstract.</b> Computer models have been widely used to simulate the hydrologic and environmental processes at work in subsurface-drained cropland. However, some models (e.g., RZWQM2) hold back tile drainage until rainfall and infiltration have ceased, resulting in predicted drainage being seriously delayed when rainfall events extend beyond 10 h. While the steady-state Hooghoudt equation (ssH) has been widely used in simulating daily drainage flow, transient methods such as the integrated Hooghoudt (inH) and van Schilfgaarde (vanS) equations have seldom been tested. In addition to testing whether allowing soil moisture redistribution and rainfall to occur simultaneously would improve drainage flow simulation, the performance of the ssH equation was compared to that of the transient inH and vanS equations in simulating daily and hourly tile drainage. Implementing the ssH equation by default, the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) served as a base model. Field data including drainage flow, weather, soil, and crop parameters were collected between 2006 and 2008 in a tile-drained field under a corn-soybean rotation situated in Iowa, U.S.A. Compared to maintaining drainage rate constant until rainfall ceased, allowing soil moisture redistribution to occur along with rainfall enhanced the performance of the base model (ssH equation): the percent of bias (PBIAS), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and Index of Agreement (IoA) improved from 11.6%, 0.39, and 0.69, respectively, to 6.5%, 0.71, 0.76. Under the same moisture redistribution alternative the inH and vanS transient drainage equations provided similar improvement in model accuracy compared to the ssH equation. Overall, the inH and vanS equations (PBIAS = 6.4%, NSE = 0.70 and IoA = 0.76) showed little difference from the ssH equation (PBIAS = 6.5%, NSE = 0.71, and IoA = 0.76) in predicting daily drainage flow occurring concurrently with rainfall. However, when tested against hourly drainage flow data, the inH and vanS transient equations showed slightly higher drainage peaks, closer to the observed peaks, than the ssH equation. Furthermore, results were similar when applying these equations to the original unmodified RZWQM. Allowing soil moisture redistribution to occur simultaneously with rainfall significantly improved model performance in simulating tile drainage, but the use of the transient inH and vanS equations (vs. the ssH) had no appreciable effect on model accuracy.
Chemical Composition of Bio-oils Produced by Fast Pyrolysis of Two Energy Crops (2008)

Bio-oils from the fast pyrolysis of switchgrass forage and two sets of alfalfa stems (from two stages of development—bud and full flower stages) have been analyzed by wet-chemical methods, GC-MS, and HPLC. The chemical composition of bio-oil is important because it may give insights into its quality, stability, or suitability for downstream upgrading. Pyrolysis experiments were conducted at 500 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere in 2.5 kg/h fluidized bed reactor. A total of 62 chemical species were positively identified in the liquids. Of the identified compounds, 27 have been quantified. The chemical compositions of the bio-oils are compared with what is known about the compositions of these feedstocks. While the compositions of the bio-oil from the two alfalfa stems were similar, there were numerous differences in the compositions of the alfalfa and switchgrass bio-oils. Noted are the higher levels of nitrogen, water, and aromatic hydrocarbons in bio-oils produced from alfalfa stems than from switchgrass and woody feedstocks that have been previously characterized. Also noted is a much lower concentration of levoglucosan and hydroxyacetaldehyde concentrations among bio-oils from alfalfa stems compared with bio-oil from switchgrass or woody biomass.
Dens Invaginatus Associated with Talon Cusp: A Case Report (2003)

Dens invaginatus and talon cusp are both developmental anomalies of the teeth. The prevalence rate of dens invaginatus in southern Chinese is 0.4%, and that of talon cusp is 2.5%. The dens invaginatus has an enamel-lined cavity intruding into the crown or root, or even into the root apex of the tooth. The talon cusp usually arises from the lingual surface of primary or permanent anterior teeth like an eagle's talon. This article presents a rare case of dentoalveolar abscess in the maxillary left central incisor that has a severe dens invaginatus associated with talon cusp malformation. Surgical extraction is indicated in this tooth because of its complexity of root canal systems in case of endodontic treatment. The extracted tooth was scanned through the use of computed tomography (CT) to examine the inner structure of the invagination and talon cusp. (Taiwan J Pediatr Dent 3(1): 40-45, 2003)
Current strategies for drug delivery to the inner ear (2013)

For many years, drug delivery to the inner ear has been a challenge to physicians in the treatment of inner ear disorders. In the past decade, the field of inner ear drug delivery has emerged with the development of new biomaterials and drug delivery technologies to improve the effectiveness of inner ear drug therapy. This paper reviews a number of inner ear drug delivery strategies including systemic, intratympanic, and intracochlear delivery. A focus of this review is the recent advances in intratympanic delivery of medications; approaches utilizing novel biomaterials as well as other recent developments are also discussed. Biotechnology-based approaches, such as gene and stem cell therapy methods are also reviewed. Among the various strategies, local drug delivery approaches including intratympanic and intracochlear drug delivery methods that limit systemic exposure are particularly promising. These inner ear drug delivery systems provide a new opportunity to improve the treatment of inner ear disorders.
Study of conduction mechanism and electroluminescence in CdSe/ZnS quantum dot composites (2003)

Charge transport and electroluminesence properties of colloidally synthesized CdSe/ZnS core–shell nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) were studied. Nanocrystals were prepared using the conventional technique of pyrolisis of organometallic reagents in a hot coordinating solvent medium. Thin film diodes were produced by depositing a layer of QDs on top of a layer of conducting polymer poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrenesulfonate followed by the deposition of a metal electrode. For all the metals used in this study only a small rectification could be observed upon reversing the bias. The efficiency of the light generation showed strong dependence on the work function and bias of the metal electrodes, indicating that light generation in these devices is a result of recombination of injected holes and electrons. Assuming that the charge transport is due mainly to electrons, the voltage dependence of the current in QD composites could be explained by space charge limited current (SCLC) in the presence of defects. At sufficiently high voltages the traps could be filled and a quadratic dependence of current on voltage, characteristic of trap free SCLC, could be observed. The mobility and the trap density were estimated to be μn=1.5×10−10 m2/V s and Nt=8×1023 m−3, respectively, and the characteristic trap depth was estimated to be around 0.15 eV.
Intradiscal Electrothermal Treatment for Chronic Discogenic Low Back Pain (2002)

Study Design. Prospective longitudinal study with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Objective. To assess the long-term outcome of a group of patients with chronic discogenic low back pain who had failed to improve with comprehensive nonoperative care and who were subsequently treated with intradiscal electrothermal therapy (IDET). Summary of Background Data. Previous reports of patient outcomes at 1 year after IDET have demonstrated statistically significant improvement. Methods. The study group comprised 58 patients with chronic symptoms of more than 6 months who failed to improve with nonoperative care and subsequently underwent IDET. VAS pain scores, SF-36 scores, and sitting tolerance times were collected pretreatment and at 6, 12, and 24 months. Results. Mean duration of pre-IDET symptoms was 60.7 months. The minimum follow-up at data collection was 24 months. The study group (n = 58) demonstrated a significant improvement in pain as demonstrated by statistically significant improvement in VAS scores and bodily pain SF-36 scores. The IDET-treated group demonstrated a significant improvement in physical function as noted by statistically significant improvement in sitting tolerance times and physical function SF-36 scores. Bodily pain and physical function scores demonstrated significant improvement between the 1- and 2-year observation points. Additionally, quality of life improvement was demonstrated by a statistically significant improvement in all the SF-36 subscales. Conclusions. A cohort of patients with chronic discogenic low back pain who had failed to improve with comprehensive nonoperative care demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in pain, physical function, and quality of life at 2 years after IDET.
Lyme Neuroborreliosis (2018)

Lyme neuroborreliosis has a favorable prognosis if treated early. The long-term administration of antibiotics over many weeks or even months for putative chronic Lyme neuroborreliosis with nonspecific symptoms yields no additional benefit and carries the risk of serious adverse effects.
Bit-Interleaved Coded OFDM With Signal Space Diversity: Subcarrier Grouping and Rotation Matrix Design (2007)

This paper investigates the application of bit-interleaved coded modulation and iterative decoding (BICM-ID) in orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing (OFDM) systems with signal space diversity (SSD) over frequency-selective Rayleigh-fading channels. Correlated fading over subcarriers is assumed. At first, a tight bound on the asymptotic error performance for the general case of precoding over all N subcarriers is derived and used to establish the best achievable asymptotic performance by SSD. It is then shown that precoding over subgroups of at least L subcarriers per group, where L is the number of channel taps, is sufficient to obtain this best asymptotic error performance, while significantly reducing the receiver complexity. The optimal joint subcarrier grouping and rotation matrix design is subsequently determined by solving the Vandermonde linear system. Illustrative examples show a good agreement between various analytical and simulation results
An introduction to millimeter-wave mobile broadband systems (2011)

Almost all mobile communication systems today use spectrum in the range of 300 MHz-3 GHz. In this article, we reason why the wireless community should start looking at the 3-300 GHz spectrum for mobile broadband applications. We discuss propagation and device technology challenges associated with this band as well as its unique advantages for mobile communication. We introduce a millimeter-wave mobile broadband (MMB) system as a candidate next generation mobile communication system. We demonstrate the feasibility for MMB to achieve gigabit-per-second data rates at a distance up to 1 km in an urban mobile environment. A few key concepts in MMB network architecture such as the MMB base station grid, MMB interBS backhaul link, and a hybrid MMB + 4G system are described. We also discuss beamforming techniques and the frame structure of the MMB air interface.
The sharon process: an innovative method for nitrogen removal from ammonium-rich waste water (1998)

A new biological process for ammonia removal from flows containing hundreds to thousands milligrams NH+4 per litre has been developed at the Delft University of Technology. The SHARON process operates at a high temperature (30–40 °C) and pH (7–8). The process is performed without sludge retention. This enables the prevention of nitrite oxidation, leading to lower operational costs. Denitrification is used to control the pH. A full scale plant was designed (1500 m3) based on kinetic and stoichiometric parameters determined at 1.5 1. scale and model predictions. Total costs are estimated at about $1.7 per kg removed NH4+-N. The first full scale SHARON plant will be operational at the Dokhaven waste water treatment plant in Rotterdam in the beginning of 1998. This contribution focuses on the principles of the process and evaluates conditions for which application seems feasible.
Parallel isoelectric focusing chip (2004)

Fast isoelectric focusing (IEF) is becoming a key method in modern protein analysis. We report here the theory and experimental results of new parallel isoelectric devices (PID) for fast IEF. The main separation tool of any PID is a dielectric membrane with conducting channels filled by immobiline gels of varying pH. The pH value of the surrounding aqueous solution is not equal to the pH of any of the channels. The membrane is held perpendicular to the applied electric field. Proteins are collected (trapped) in the channels whose pH values are equal to the pI of the proteins. The fast particle transport between different channels takes place due to convection in the aqueous solution. We developed a mathematical model for PID. Experiment duration is shown to be proportional to the number of different bands N (the peak capacity in standard IEF) in contrast with N(2) for usual IEF devices. This model was validated with experimental results. Parallel IEF accelerates the fractionation of proteins by their pI values (down to several minutes) allowing a more desirable collection efficiency to be achieved. The main theoretical limitation of PID resolution is the sensitivity of proteins to pH change due to the Coulomb blockade effect. The existence of a minimal pH change deltapH(min) for each type of protein is shown: deltapH(min) approximately r(-1) for globular molecules with radius r.