gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation, Properties, and Applications of Carbohydrate Conjugates of Proteins and Lipid (1981)

As a result of the growing awareness of the involvement of the oligosaccharide moieties of glycoproteins and glycolipids in cell surface recognition and binding phenomena, a wide variety of methods have been developed, many quite recently, for preparing glycoconjugates. The chemical methods used for the attachment of sugars and certain hydrophilic polymers (e.g., polyethylene glycol) are discussed, as are the effects of such modifications on various properties of the protein (immune response, thermal stability and resistance to proteolysis, clearance, and specific binding to cell surface receptors). Enzymatic approaches to glycoconjugate preparation are also considered, and several examples are given of the preparation of model glycolipids, useful in studying cell surface phenomena. In a final section, three areas are considered in which rapid advances seem likely to occur: improved methods for the preparation of glycoconjugates; direct modification of cell surface glycoconjugates; and modification for the purpose of studying location and environment of membrane glycoconjugates.
Gene targeting to the ROSA26 locus directed by engineered zinc finger nucleases (2011)

Targeted gene addition to mammalian genomes is central to biotechnology, basic research and gene therapy. For example, gene targeting to the ROSA26 locus by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells is commonly used for mouse transgenesis to achieve ubiquitous and persistent transgene expression. However, conventional methods are not readily adaptable to gene targeting in other cell types. The emerging zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) technology facilitates gene targeting in diverse species and cell types, but an optimal strategy for engineering highly active ZFNs is still unclear. We used a modular assembly approach to build ZFNs that target the ROSA26 locus. ZFN activity was dependent on the number of modules in each zinc finger array. The ZFNs were active in a variety of cell types in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The ZFNs directed gene addition to the ROSA26 locus, which enhanced the level of sustained gene expression, the uniformity of gene expression within clonal cell populations and the reproducibility of gene expression between clones. These ZFNs are a promising resource for cell engineering, mouse transgenesis and pre-clinical gene therapy studies. Furthermore, this characterization of the modular assembly method provides general insights into the implementation of the ZFN technology.
The Protein Kinase C Family for Neuronal Signaling (1994)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
Urinary Excretion of Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide in Males with Hot Flushes after Castration for Carcinoma of the Prostate (2001)

Even though we did not observe any significant changes in 24-h urine excretion of the potent vasodilator CGRP after castration it is possible that serum levels of CGRP increase during hot flushes, without having an effect on the 24-h urine excretion of the peptide.
Medium voltage power conversion technology for efficient windpark power collection grids (2010)

Renewables are playing an increasing role for the future electrical energy production. As the respective windparks are growing in size, the efficiency in the power collection network gets of increasing interest. To improve the power collection efficiency in high power windparks, it is proposed to move higher voltage levels closer to the single wind turbines. Especially the medium voltage - high voltage step-up transformers are moved close to multiple smaller wind turbine clusters within the windpark. This concept allows placing each wind turbine cluster optimally in the geographical landscape. Another substantial energy saving can be achieved in case medium voltage power conversion equipment is used at the generator level. This is the prerequisite to allow further efficiency improvements, i.e. the total elimination of the wind turbine transformers. With reasonably high medium voltage levels combined with local DC grids within the wind turbine clusters the highest energy efficiency in the windpark power collection grids can be achieved. A detailed analysis for a close-to-shore 90 MW windpark is shown. With the discussed improvements energy savings in the windpark power collection grid of more than 1.5% are achievable.
Practical dosimetry of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with (90)Y-labeled somatostatin analogs. (2005)

The challenge for internal therapy is to deliver the highest possible dose to the tumor while sparing normal organs from damage. Currently, the potential risk of kidney and red marrow toxicity limits the amount of radioactivity that may be administered. An accurate dosimetry method that would provide reliable dose estimates to these critical organs and to tumors before therapy would allow the clinician to plan a specific therapeutic regimen and also select those patients who would benefit the most from treatment. The dosimetry for (90)Y-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid-d-Phe(1)-Tyr(3)-octreotide is usually based on quantitative imaging at different time points that provides information on activity retention in organs over time and on stylized models representing average individuals. Because the therapeutic agent labeled with (90)Y is not suitable for quantitative imaging, the peptide surrogate labeled with the positron emitter (86)Y can be considered the most appropriate tracer for measuring distribution and retention of the radiopharmaceutical over time. Dose calculations in target organs are generally performed using the MIRDOSE program, in which S values from source to target are integrated. Significant improvement of dose estimates may be achieved by introducing patient-specific adjustments to the standard models. The use of individual kidney volumes assessed by CT instead of the use of a fixed volume for males and females may significantly improve the determination of kidney radiation doses. The use of actual CT-derived tumor volumes has also shown a dose-efficacy relationship. Additional improvements in this field include the validation and use of an (111)In surrogate to avoid the complexity of (86)Y use and the consideration of radiobiologic parameters, such as fractionation effects and the specific biologic efficacy of internally deposited radiation, which are probably underestimated using currently available methods.
Independent component analysis in statistical shape models (2003)

Statistical shape models generally use Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to describe the main directions of shape variation in a training set of example shapes. However, PCA assumes a number of restrictions on the data that do not always hold. In this paper we explore the use of an alternative shape decomposition, Independent Component Analysis (ICA), which does not assume a Gaussian distribution of the input data. Several different methods for performing ICA are available. Three most frequently used methods were tested in order to evaluate their effect on the resulting vectors. In statistical shape models, generally not all the eigenvectors that result from the PCA are used. Vectors describing noise are discarded to obtain a compact description of the data set. The selection of these vectors is based on the natural ordering of the vectors according to the variance in that direction which is inherent to PCA. With ICA, however, there is no natural ordering of the vectors. Four methods for sorting the ICA vectors are investigated. The different ICA-methods yielded highly similar yet not identical results. Vectors obtained with ICA showed localized shape variations, whereas eigenvectors obtained with PCA show global shape variations. From the results of the ordering methods can be seen that PCA is better suited for dimensionality reduction. Of the ordering methods that were tested, the best results were obtained with the ordering according to the locality of the shape variations.
Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome: underestimated and undertreated (2004)

The obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) was first identified only 40 years ago and its clinical importance is increasingly recognized. Although now acknowledged as a worldwide problem, which in Western countries affects 2-4% of middle-aged men and 1-2% of middle-aged women, the majority of affected individuals remain undiagnosed. OSAS is strongly associated with obesity but is also increasingly identified in the less obese, in whom a particular craniofacial structure is an important contributory factor. The prevalence of OSAS is likely to be increasing in parallel with the epidemic of obesity currently occurring in many countries. The common presenting complaints are excessive daytime sleepiness and loud snoring. The sleepiness impairs social functioning, work performance and driving ability, and accounts for a large socio-economic burden on the community. Hypertension is an important independent association. The treatment of choice is nocturnal continuous positive airway pressure which is highly effective and is also cost effective.
Novel alignment system for imprint lithography (2000)

A novel alignment system for imprint lithography in the deep sub-hundred nanometer realm is proposed. The new system is inherently more precise than the alignment systems used in conventional projection lithography because alignment marks on an imprint mold (the functional equivalent of a photomask in projection lithography) are directly compared to alignment marks on a wafer with no intermediate optics or reference points. If the measured misalignment is so severe that all marks cannot be brought into registration simultaneously by the usual x–y translations and rotations, the mold is deliberately deformed with a system of piezoelectric actuators in such a way that its induced distortions precisely match those on the wafer and all of the alignment marks at each chip site can be pulled into registration simultaneously. Finite-element analysis indicates that using actuators to distort the mold is superior to distorting the wafer.
Structure and regulation of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase genes from the deep-sea bacterium Photobacterium profundum strain SS9 The GenBank accession numbers for the sequences reported in this paper are AF409100 and AF467805. (2002)

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3; EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3; DHA) have been shown to be of major importance in the promotion of cardiovascular health, proper human development and the prevention of some cancers. A high proportion of bacterial isolates from low-temperature and high-pressure marine environments produce EPA or DHA. This paper presents the sequence of a 33 kbp locus from the deep-sea bacterium Photobacterium profundum strain SS9 which includes four of the five genes required for EPA biosynthesis. As with other bacterial pfa (polyunsaturated fatty acid) genes, the deduced amino acid sequences encoded by the SS9 genes reveal large multidomain proteins that are likely to catalyse EPA biosynthesis by a novel polyketide synthesis mechanism. RNase protection experiments separated the SS9 pfa genes into two transcriptional units, pfaA-C and pfaD. The pfaA transcriptional start site was identified. Cultivation at elevated hydrostatic pressure or reduced temperature did not increase pfa gene expression despite the resulting increase in percentage composition of EPA under these conditions. However, a regulatory mutant was characterized which showed both increased expression of pfaA-D and elevated EPA percentage composition. This result suggests that a regulatory factor exists which coordinates pfaA-D transcription. Additional consideration regarding the activities required for PUFA synthesis is provided together with comparative analyses of bacterial pfa genes and gene products.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Lithium Phosphorus Oxynitride (2015)

An atomic layer deposition (ALD) process is successfully developed for fabricating high-quality lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON) thin films for a potential use as a conformal solid-state electrolyte coating in 3D Li-ion microbattery technology. In our ALD process the challenge of simultaneously incorporating phosphorus and nitrogen in the films is overcome by using a novel nitrogen-containing phosphorus precursor, diethyl phosphoramidate, together with lithium hexamethyldisilazide as the lithium precursor. A temperature window is found around 270–310 °C, where homogeneous films are realized and the film growth is controlled in a digital manner by the number of ALD cycles at a rate of ∼0.7 Å/cycle. The process allows for a high N-to-P ratio in the films, which is beneficial for achieving the required high ionic conductivity. For a film deposited at 330 °C with a composition of Li0.95PO3.00N0.60 according to RBS/NRA analysis, an ionic conductivity value as high as 6.6 × 10–7 S cm–1 is measured at 25 °C.
Herpes Simplex Virus Vectors for Gene Delivery to a Variety of Different Cell Types (2002)

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) has a number of advantages as a gene delivery vector, particularly for the nervous system. Thus, it naturally establishes asymptomatic latent infections of neuronal cells. Moreover, it is readily grown in culture to high titre and has a large genome so allowing it to be used to deliver multiple or very large genes. Considerable progress has been made in effectively disabling the virus so that it does not damage the cells it infects but can still deliver an inserted gene effectively. In addition, it is now possible to obtain long-term expression of the transgene in the nervous system, using regulatory elements derived from the latency-associated transcript of the virus. As well as its use in the nervous system, the virus has also been used to successfully deliver genes to a variety of other cell types, including peripheral blood mononuclear cells and cardiac myocytes within the intact heart. In particular, its ability to deliver genes effectively to replicating cancer cells and to dendritic cells offers considerable potential for the use of this virus in cancer therapy.
A Review of Internet Pornography Use Research: Methodology and Content from the Past 10 Years (2011)

Internet pornography (IP) use has increased over the past 10 years. The effects of IP use are widespread and are both negative (e.g., relationship and interpersonal distress) and positive (e.g., increases in sexual knowledge and attitudes toward sex). Given the possible negative effects of IP use, understanding the definition of IP, the types of IP used, and reasons for IP use is important. The present study reviews the methodology and content of available literature regarding IP use in nondeviant adult populations. The study seeks to determine how the studies defined IP, utilized validated measures of pornography use, examined variables related to IP, and addressed form and function of IP use. Overall, studies were inconsistent in their definitions of IP, measurement, and their assessment of the form and function of IP use. Discussion regarding how methodological differences between studies may impact the results and the ability to generalize findings is provided, and suggestions for future studies are offered.
The diploid genome sequence of an Asian individual (2008)

Here we present the first diploid genome sequence of an Asian individual. The genome was sequenced to 36-fold average coverage using massively parallel sequencing technology. We aligned the short reads onto the NCBI human reference genome to 99.97% coverage, and guided by the reference genome, we used uniquely mapped reads to assemble a high-quality consensus sequence for 92% of the Asian individual's genome. We identified approximately 3 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) inside this region, of which 13.6% were not in the dbSNP database. Genotyping analysis showed that SNP identification had high accuracy and consistency, indicating the high sequence quality of this assembly. We also carried out heterozygote phasing and haplotype prediction against HapMap CHB and JPT haplotypes (Chinese and Japanese, respectively), sequence comparison with the two available individual genomes (J. D. Watson and J. C. Venter), and structural variation identification. These variations were considered for their potential biological impact. Our sequence data and analyses demonstrate the potential usefulness of next-generation sequencing technologies for personal genomics.
Inactivation of Food Microorganisms by High-pressure Carbon Dioxide Treatment with or without Explosive Decompression (1997)

In order to elucidate the sterilization mechanism underlying the explosive decompression system, baker's yeast was pressurized with CO2, N2O, N2, or Ar gas at 40 atm and 40 degrees C for 4h, and then explosively discharged. The survival ratio was markedly decreased only by the treatments with CO2 and N2O, which are relatively soluble gases in water, suggesting that the microorganisms' death may be highly correlated with gas absorption by the cells. Lower decompression rates to atmospheric pressure, however, led to neither any lower reduction of remaining cells nor any smaller release of total cellular proteins. Furthermore, operating with a longer treatment time and smaller number of repetitions was usually more lethal than with a shorter time and more frequent repetition. From these results, most of the yeast cells appear to have been sterilized during the pressurization process. The spore cells of B. megaterium are considered to have been killed in a somewhat different manner, because of their distinct sensitivity to the applied gases.
Self-assembled hyaluronic acid nanoparticles as a potential drug carrier for cancer therapy: synthesis, characterization, and in vivo biodistribution (2009)

To develop a nano-sized drug delivery system for cancer therapy, amphiphilic hyaluronic acid conjugates were synthesized by chemical conjugation of hydrophobic 5β-cholanic acid to the backbone of hyaluronic acid (HA). The HA conjugates could form nano-sized self-aggregates under physiological conditions (PBS, pH = 7.4, 37 °C) via the hydrophobic interaction among 5β-cholanic acids. The HA nanoparticles were spherical in shape and their sizes were in the range of 350–400 nm, depending on the degree of substitution of 5β-cholanic acid. From a cellular experiment using Cy5.5-labeled HA nanoparticles, it was demonstrated that they are efficiently taken up by SCC7 cancer cells which over-express CD44, the receptor for HA. When the Cy5.5-labeled HA nanoparticles were systemically administrated into the tail vein of tumor-bearing mice, most of the nanoparticles were found in tumor and liver sites. In particular, the fluorescence intensity of nanoparticles at the tumor site was 4-fold higher than that of pure HA polymer, which was confirmed by a non-invasive near-infrared fluorescence imaging system. The high tumor targeting ability of HA nanoparticles might result from both their prolonged circulation in blood and high affinity to tumor cells. These results reveal the promising potential of HA nanoparticles as a stable and effective nano-sized drug delivery system for cancer treatment.
A free electron laser driven by a long pulse induction linac (1983)

An overview of Free Electron Laser (FEL) research is presented, and a high-current, long pulse FEL experiment is described. The overview consists of a description of the FEL mechanism and operating regimes and a historical survey of experimental research. Preliminary results are presented from an FEL experiment using both linear and diffusive magnetic wigglers with a long pulse induction linac (less than or approx. 800 kV, less than or approx. 800 A, 2 microsec). Mode identification of the approx. 100 kW output radiation pulse indicates that both FEL and cyclotron emission is present. (Author)
Technetium Complexes for the Quantitation of Brain Amyloid (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTTechnetium Complexes for the Quantitation of Brain AmyloidHogyu Han, Cheon-Gyu Cho, and Peter T. LansburyView Author Information Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 18, 4506–4507Publication Date (Web):May 8, 1996Publication History Received22 January 1996Published online8 May 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja960207lhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja960207lrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views524Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Bipyridine,Central nervous system,Ligands,Nanofibers,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Randomized Multitopology Logic Against Differential Power Analysis (2014)

Side channel attacks have become one of the most significant problems in modern digital systems. In particular, differential power analysis (DPA) has emerged as a powerful technique because it does not require any assumptions regarding the hardware implementation of a crypto-chip. In this paper, a new randomized multitopology logic (RMTL) is proposed to enhance immunity to DPA. RMTL refers to a family of dedicated security-oriented gates whose power profile cannot be predicted by external observers. Specifically, each gate of this logic can be configured in real time to operate in a different circuit topology, where each topology induces a different power profile. Immunity to DPA attacks is obtained by randomly changing each gate's topology on run time. The suggested approach can coexist with common existing countermeasures. Theoretical analysis and simulation results, conducted in a standard 40-nm technology, clearly show higher immunity to DPA attacks when using the proposed approach compared with standard CMOS implementation.
Acquiring Strategies for the Board Game Geister by Regret Minimization (2019)

Counterfactual Regret Minimization (CFR) is proposed to be an effective method to find approximate Nash Equilibrium for large zero-sum imperfect information games. Deep neural networks make it possible for CFR to be applied in large games by extending tabular CFR to Deep CFR. While there is little research on applying CFR to board games, in this paper, we propose a variant of Deep CFR for board games and apply it to the game Geister. We show that our proposed method can train agents with an appropriate strategy.