gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large-area achromatic interferometric lithography for 100 nm period gratings and grids (1996)

Achromatic interferometric lithography is the preferred approach for producing large-area, spatially coherent 100 nm period gratings and grids. We report on improvements to processes which have enabled exposure areas of ≊10 cm2. In addition, we report on the fabrication of 100 nm period free-standing gold gratings.
T cell adhesion to endothelial cells and extracellular matrix is modulated upon transendothelial cell migration. (1997)

During inflammation, T cells transmigrate from the bloodstream into perivascular tissues. As T cells transmigrate, they undergo a series of attachments to and detachments from the endothelium and then extravasate into the extracellular matrix (ECM). T cell migration into the ECM involves a number of mechanisms that influence cell-ECM interactions. The modulation of integrin expression and affinity are two such mechanisms in which cells can alter their ability to interact with other cells and ECM. We show in vitro that transmigrated T cells exhibit down-regulation of very late activation antigen-4 and leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 integrin surface expression and a decrease in binding to recombinant vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and recombinant intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Also, transmigrated T cells displayed an increase in binding to collagens I and IV and fibronectin. Further, brain sections of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice demonstrated that as T cells migrated farther into the tissue, very late activation antigen-4 expression was lost while CD4 expression remained unchanged. The significance of these findings in the modulation of the inflammatory response is discussed.
The synergistic anti-proliferative effect of gamma-interferon and human lymphotoxin. (1984)

Highly purified preparations of rHuIFN-gamma and HLT synergistically inhibit the in vitro proliferation of WI38VA13 cells, a SV40 virus-transformed derivative of the human cell line W138. The growth of nontumorigenic WI38 cells, established from normal diploid embryonic lung tissue, was not inhibited under identical incubation conditions; rMuIFN-gamma and HLT have the same in vitro effects on the murine melanoma B16. Thus, the combination of rMuIFN-gamma and HLT synergistically inhibits the growth of B16 cells, although incubation with either lymphokine alone has no significant anti-proliferative effect. Flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle of asynchronous cells indicates that when B16 melanoma cells are treated with rMuIFN-gamma and HLT in combination, more cells accumulate in the G0/G1 phase than when the cells are treated with rMuIFN-gamma alone. It appears that populations of rapidly proliferating tumor cells, which normally contain a large percentage in the S+G2+M phases of the cell cycle, become arrested in the quiescent G0/G1 phase by the combination of IFN-gamma and HLT, resulting in the inhibition of cell growth.
Molecular cloning of the human T-lymphocyte surface CD2(T11) antigen (1986)

Conference Article| December 01 1986 Molecular cloning of the human T-lymphocyte surface CD2(T11) antigen WILLIAM A. SEWELL; WILLIAM A. SEWELL *Imperial Cancer Research Fund, P.O. Box 123, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar MARION H. BROWN; MARION H. BROWN *Imperial Cancer Research Fund, P.O. Box 123, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar MICHAEL J. OWEN; MICHAEL J. OWEN †Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Tumour Immunology Unit, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar MICHAEL J. CRUMPTON MICHAEL J. CRUMPTON *Imperial Cancer Research Fund, P.O. Box 123, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1986) 14 (6): 1009. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0141009 Article history Received: June 12 1986 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation WILLIAM A. SEWELL, MARION H. BROWN, MICHAEL J. OWEN, MICHAEL J. CRUMPTON; Molecular cloning of the human T-lymphocyte surface CD2(T11) antigen. Biochem Soc Trans 1 December 1986; 14 (6): 1009. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0141009 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: kb, kilobases This content is only available as a PDF. © 1986 Biochemical Society1986 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Modulation of murine natural killer cell activity in vitro and in vivo by recombinant human interferons. (1984)

The ability of two subtypes of recombinant human alpha interferons (IFN), rIFN-alpha A and rIFN-alpha D, and two intramolecular hybrids, rIFN-alpha A/D and rIFN-alpha D/A, to modulate murine natural killer (NK) cell activity in vitro and in vivo was examined. The cytotoxic activity of murine spleen cells was markedly augmented by rIFN-alpha A/D following in vitro incubation, while the other IFN had little or no effect. The augmentation observed was dose dependent and inhibited by monoclonal antibody to rIFN-alpha A/D. Mice treated by one of several routes with rIFN-alpha A/D had elevated levels of NK activity in their spleen, peritoneal cavity, and peripheral blood following one to three daily injections. Augmentation of cytotoxicity was dose dependent in vivo and was less efficient or absent following treatment with the other recombinant IFN. When treatment was extended to ten or 12 daily i.p. injections, marked differences in NK levels resulted, depending upon the location from which cells were obtained. Following prolonged administration of rIFN-alpha A/D, a significant decrease in NK activity was seen with peripheral blood lymphocytes, while peritoneal cells retained elevated levels of activity; in spleen, NK activity was less than in mice treated for 3 days with rIFN-alpha A/D but greater than in control mice. Treatment of mice in vivo with IFN can either increase or decrease NK levels dependent upon both the length of treatment and the site at which the NK activity is measured. The use of rIFN-alpha A/D with murine cells is an excellent model to study the regulation of NK activity by IFN.
Targeting Glioblastoma Stem Cells: Cell Surface Markers (2012)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor and among the most lethal cancers. There is increasing evidence that cancer stem cells within GBMs, which are often referred to as glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), play a critical role in tumor initiation and maintenance. Identification of novel markers for GSCs will lead to better targeting of GSCs which could have tremendous impact on treatment of GBMs. Cell surface markers are particularly suitable as therapeutic targets. Although several promising cell surface markers have successfully been used for enrichment of GSCs, their functional roles in maintenance of GSC properties as well as in GBM formation and development remain to be characterized. In this review, we primarily summarize recent advances in identification of GSC markers, with a particular focus on cell surface markers.
Structured Data Extraction from the Web Based on Partial Tree Alignment (2006)

This paper studies the problem of structured data extraction from arbitrary Web pages. The objective of the proposed research is to automatically segment data records in a page, extract data items/fields from these records, and store the extracted data in a database. Existing methods addressing the problem can be classified into three categories. Methods in the first category provide some languages to facilitate the construction of data extraction systems. Methods in the second category use machine learning techniques to learn wrappers (which are data extraction programs) from human labeled examples. Manual labeling is time-consuming and is hard to scale to a large number of sites on the Web. Methods in the third category are based on the idea of automatic pattern discovery. However, multiple pages that conform to a common schema are usually needed as the input. In this paper, we propose a novel and effective technique (called DEPTA) to perform the task of Web data extraction automatically. The method consists of two steps: 1) identifying individual records in a page and 2) aligning and extracting data items from the identified records. For step 1, a method based on visual information and tree matching is used to segment data records. For step 2, a novel partial alignment technique is proposed. This method aligns only those data items in a pair of records that can be aligned with certainty, making no commitment on the rest of the items. Experimental results obtained using a large number of Web pages from diverse domains show that the proposed two-step technique is highly effective.
Photometric Method For Determining Surface Orientation From Multiple Images (1980)

A novel technique called photometric stereo is introduced. The idea of photometric stereo is to vary the direction of incident illumination between successive images, while holding the viewing direction constant. It is shown that this provides sufficient information to determine surface orientation at each image point. Since the imaging geometry is not changed, the correspondence between image points is known a priori. The technique is photometric because it uses the radiance values recorded at a single image location, in successive views, rather than the relative positions of displaced features. Photometric stereo is used in computer-based image understanding. It can be applied in two ways. First, it is a general technique for deter-mining surface orientation at each image point. Second, it is a technique for determining object points that have a particular surface orientation. These applications are illustrated using synthesized examples.
Fluorescent Porous Polymer Films as TNT Chemosensors:  Electronic and Structural Effects (1998)

The synthesis, spectroscopy, and fluorescence quenching behavior of pentiptycene-derived phenyleneethynylene polymers, 1−3, are reported. The incorporation of rigid three-dimensional pentiptycene moieties into conjugated polymer backbones offers several design advantages for solid-state (thin film) fluorescent sensory materials. First, they prevent π-stacking of the polymer backbones and thereby maintain high fluorescence quantum yields and spectroscopic stability in thin films. Second, reduced interpolymer interactions dramatically enhance the solubility of polymers 1−3 relative to other poly(phenyleneethynylenes). Third, the cavities generated between adjacent polymers are sufficiently large to allow diffusion of small organic molecules into the films. These advantages are apparent from comparisons of the spectroscopic and fluorescence quenching behavior of 1−3 to a related planar electron-rich polymer 4. The fluorescence attenuation (quenching) of polymer films upon exposure to analytes depends on several factors, including the exergonicity of electron transfer from excited polymer to analytes, the binding strength (polymer-analyte interactions), the vapor pressure of the analyte, and the rates of diffusion of the analytes in the polymer films. Films of 1−3 are particularly selective toward nitro-aromatic compounds. The dependence of fluorescence quenching on film thickness provides an additional criterion for the differentiation of nitro-aromatic compounds from other species, such as quinones. In short, thinner films show a larger response to nitro-aromatic compounds, but show a lower response to quinones. Such differences are explained in terms of polymer−analyte interactions, which appear to be electrostatic in nature. The rapid fluorescence response (quenching) of the spin-cast films of 1−3 to nitro-containing compounds qualifies these materials as promising TNT chemosensory materials.
CDR-GRAFTED OKT4A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY IN CYNOMOLGUS RENAL ALLOGRAFT RECIPIENTS1,2 (1994)

In an attempt to improve therapeutic efficacy and limit antimurine responses to the IgG2a monoclonal antibody OKT4A, humanized complementarity determining region (CDR)-grafted OKT4A mAbs (IgG1 and IgG4 isotypes) were developed from the murine molecule. Preclinical evaluation was undertaken in 12 cynomolgus renal allograft recipients (IgG1, n = 7; IgG4, n = 5). Control animals received either no therapy (n = 2) or OKT3 (n = 2). The mAbs were given as a single 10-mg/kg bolus on the day of transplantation or as multiple 1-mg/kg doses. Mean allograft survival (+/- SEM) was 9 +/- 0.7 days in control animals; 45.2 +/- 6.0 days, P = 0.002 (single dose, n = 5), and 39 +/- 5.0 days, P = 0.053, (multiple doses, n = 2) in IgG1-treated animals; and 35.3 +/- 7.2 days, P = 0.034, (single dose, n = 3) and 15.5 +/- 6.5 days, P = .251 (multiple doses, n = 2) in IgG4-treated animals. Whereas IgG4-treated animals showed coating of peripheral blood CD4+ T cells, significant CD4+ T cell depletion was observed in IgG1-treated animals. These results confirm the retained immunosuppressive efficacy of humanized OKT4A antibodies. In contrast to murine mAbs, the use of these agents would not preclude sequential treatment with mAbs directed against different epitopes. The fact that rejection can occur despite peripheral blood CD4+ cell depletion suggests that indefinite control of allograft rejection in primates may require more intensive therapy than has proved effective in rodent models.
Poly(T) Adaptor RT-PCR (2011)

Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) is one of the most important techniques for analyzing RNA abundance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of 20- to 24-nucleotide regulatory small RNAs which play an important role in plants and animals. However, the small size of miRNAs makes them difficult to be detected and quantified by conventional RT-PCR techniques. Here, we describe a poly(T) adaptor RT-PCR method specifically designed for quantifying miRNAs. In this method, total RNAs, including miRNAs, are extended by a poly(A) tailing reaction using poly(A) polymerase and ATP. The miRNA with a poly(A) tail is converted into cDNA through reverse transcription primed by a poly(T) adaptor, and then PCR-amplified using a miRNA-specific forward primer and a universal poly(T) adaptor reverse primer. The RT-PCR amplification can be monitored by real-time detection or by end-point detection for quantifying the miRNA transcript level. The PCR amplicons can be sequenced for validating the expression of the specific miRNA gene.
First update of the International Xenotransplantation Association consensus statement on conditions for undertaking clinical trials of porcine islet products in type 1 diabetes—Chapter 2a: source pigs—preventing xenozoonoses (2016)

Chapter 2 of the original consensus statement published in 2009 by IXA represents an excellent basis for the production of safe donor pigs and pig-derived materials for porcine islet xenotransplantation. It was intended that the consensus statement was to be reviewed at interval to remain relevant. Indeed, many of the original salient points remain relevant today, especially when porcine islet xenotransplantation is performed in conjunction with immunosuppressants. However, progress in the field including demonstrated safe clinical porcine xenograft studies, increased understanding of risks including those posed by PERV, and advancement of diagnostic capabilities now allow for further consideration. Agents of known and unknown pathogenic significance continue to be identified and should be considered on a geographic, risk-based, dynamic, and product-specific basis, where appropriate using validated, advanced diagnostic techniques. PERV risk can be sufficiently reduced via multicomponent profiling including subtype expression levels in combination with infectivity assays. Barrier facilities built and operated against the AAALAC Ag Guide or suitable alternative criteria should be considered for source animal production as long as cGMPs and SOPs are followed. Bovine material-free feed for source animals should be considered appropriate instead of mammalian free materials to sufficiently reduce TSE risks. Finally, the sponsor retention period for archival samples of donor materials was deemed sufficient until the death of the recipient if conclusively determined to be of unrelated and non-infectious cause or for a reasonable period, that is, five to 10 yrs. In summary, the safe and economical production of suitable pigs and porcine islet xenograft materials, under appropriate guidance and regulatory control, is believed to be a viable means of addressing the unmet need for clinical islet replacement materials.
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 increases epidermal growth factor receptors and transforming growth factor beta-like activity in a bone-derived cell line. (1987)

To investigate possible mechanisms through which 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) affects cell proliferation and differentiation, we have studied the effects of 1,25-(OH)2D3 on the binding and mitogenic activity of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in RCJ 1.20 cells, an established, non-tumorigenic cell line derived from 21-day-old fetal rat calvaria. 1,25-(OH)2D3 caused a dose- and time-dependent 2- to 3-fold increase in the number of receptors for EGF. The 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 metabolites of vitamin D3 were ineffective in eliciting changes in EGF binding. Saturation and Scatchard analyses indicated that an increase in available unoccupied high affinity EGF binding sites was responsible for the 1,25-(OH)2D3-induced EGF binding. In addition, 1,25-(OH)2D3 enhanced EGF-dependent growth of RCJ 1.20 cells in soft agar. The potentiation of EGF effects on RCJ 1.20 cell growth by 1,25-(OH)2D3 may be related to the 1,25-(OH)2D3 regulation of EGF binding. However, the induction of anchorage-independent growth by 1,25-(OH)2D3 appears to be due to the stimulation of transforming growth factor beta-like activity. These results provide a possible explanation for the mechanism whereby the effects of 1,25-(OH)2D3 on cell proliferation and bone metabolism may be mediated.
Osteoblasts Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells form Calcified Structures in Scaffolds Both In Vitro and In Vivo (2010)

Reprogramming somatic cells into an ESC-like state, or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, has emerged as a promising new venue for customized cell therapies. In this study, we performed directed differentiation to assess the ability of murine iPS cells to differentiate into bone, cartilage, and fat in vitro and to maintain an osteoblast phenotype on a scaffold in vitro and in vivo. Embryoid bodies derived from murine iPS cells were cultured in differentiation medium for 8–12 weeks. Differentiation was assessed by lineage-specific morphology, gene expression, histological stain, and immunostaining to detect matrix deposition. After 12 weeks of expansion, iPS-derived osteoblasts were seeded in a gelfoam matrix followed by subcutaneous implantation in syngenic imprinting control region (ICR) mice. Implants were harvested at 12 weeks, histological analyses of cell and mineral and matrix content were performed. Differentiation of iPS cells into mesenchymal lineages of bone, cartilage, and fat was confirmed by morphology and expression of lineage-specific genes. Isolated implants of iPS cell-derived osteoblasts expressed matrices characteristic of bone, including osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein. Implants were also stained with alizarin red and von Kossa, demonstrating mineralization and persistence of an osteoblast phenotype. Recruitment of vasculature and microvascularization of the implant was also detected. Taken together, these data demonstrate functional osteoblast differentiation from iPS cells both in vitro and in vivo and reveal a source of cells, which merit evaluation for their potential uses in orthopedic medicine and understanding of molecular mechanisms of orthopedic disease.
Ibrutinib as Initial Therapy for Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2015)

Ibrutinib was superior to chlorambucil in previously untreated patients with CLL or small lymphocytic lymphoma, as assessed by progression-free survival, overall survival, response rate, and improvement in hematologic variables. (Funded by Pharmacyclics and others; RESONATE-2 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01722487.).
Clinical potential of in vitro measured red cell deformability, a myth? (1999)

For many years the study of Red Blood Cell (RBC) deformability has been limited to specialised hematological research institutes and this has hampered a widespread clinical testing of this dynamic RBC property. Consequently, the clinical relevance of such in vitro measurements has remained questionable now for a considerable time. The recent availability of the LORCA, a routinely applicable and computer assisted instrument for this purpose, opens now the possibility to evaluate RBC deformability on a large scale in various pathological situations associated with impaired microcirculatory flow. In this communication we present our clinical experience obtained thusfar with this instrument. Besides the effect of physiological aging of normal RBC, the results of a clinical study on malaria tropica, case studies of hereditary elliptocytosis, Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (a cholesterol biosynthesis defect), the treatment of sickle cell crisis with hydroxy-urea as well as the clinical intervention with Cyclosporin, are collected. In conclusion, it can be stated that the limited clinical experience with the LORCA as is reported here, yields sufficient evidence about the clinical potential of this technique.
Dofetilide, a New Class III Antiarrhythmic Agent (2000)

Dofetilide is a new antiarrhythmic agent recently approved for conversion and maintenance of sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFl). It is a class III antiarrhythmic that works by selectively blocking the rapid component of the delayed rectifier outward potassium current. Dofetilide prolongs the effective refractory period in accessory pathways, both anterograde and retrograde. This can be seen on the electrocardiogram through a dose-dependent prolongation of the QT and QTc intervals, with parallel increases in ventricular refractoriness. Approximately 80% of drug is excreted in urine, so dosing must be based on creatinine clearance. The elimination half-life is approximately 10 hours. In clinical trials dofetilide was superior to flecainide in converting patients with AFl to normal sinus rhythm (NSR; 70% vs 9%, p<0.01). It also was more effective than sotalol in converting patients with both AF and AFl to NSR (29% vs 6%, p<0.05) and maintaining them in NSR for up to 1 year. Most patients converted within 24-36 hours. Dofetilide has a favorable risk:benefit profile. Torsades de pointes is the most serious side effect; it occurs in 0.3-10.5% of patients and is dose related. To minimize the risk of induced arrhythmia, patients who start or restart the drug should be hospitalized a minimum of 3 days for creatinine clearance measurements, continuous electrocardiographic monitoring, and cardiac resuscitation, if necessary.