gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
7-Aminodesacetoxycephalosporanic Acid and Its Derivatives (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT7-Aminodesacetoxycephalosporanic Acid and Its DerivativesR. J. Stedman, K. Swered, and J. R. E. HooverCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1964, 7, 1, 117–119Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1964https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00331a029Request reuse permissions Article Views150Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (463 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
SOME STUDIES ON THE RELEASE OF HISTAMINE FROM MAST CELLS STIMULATED WITH POLYLYSINE (1980)

1 Polylysine is an extremely potent releaser of histamine from rat peritoneal mast cells. Isolated mesenteric mast cells of the rat also respond to the secretagogue but guinea-pig mesenteric cells are unreactive. 2 The release does not require the presence of extracellular calcium ions but shows some dependence on internal stores of the cation. 3 The effect of polylysine is blocked by extremes of temperature and by metabolic inhibitors. 4 The release is very rapid and is virtually complete within 10 s of adding the inducer. 5 The release is unaffected by the anti-allergic drug, doxantrazole, but is inhibited by theophylline and disodium cromoglycate. The latter compounds are effective in both the presence and absence of added calcium. This result is discussed in terms of the postulated effect of the drugs on calcium transport.
Rapid Sequential Changeover of Expressed p44 Genes during the Acute Phase of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infection in Horses (2004)

Anaplasma phagocytophilum immunodominant polymorphic major surface protein P44s have been hypothesized to go through antigenic variation, but the within-host dynamics of p44 expression has not been demonstrated. In the present study we investigated the composition and changes of p44 transcripts in the blood during the acute phase of well-defined laboratory A. phagocytophilum infections in naive equine hosts. Three traveling waves of sequential population changeovers of the p44 transcript species were observed within a single peak of rickettsemia of less than 1 month. During the logarithmic increase, the rapid switch-off of the initial dominant transcript p44-18 occurred regardless of whether the bacterium was transmitted by ticks or by intravenous inoculation. Each of the subsequently dominant p44 transcript species was phylogenetically dissimilar from p44-18. Development of antibody to the hypervariable region of P44-18 during the rickettsemia suggests the suppression of dominance of immuno-cross-reactive p44 populations. When A. phagocytophilum was preincubated with plasma from the infected horse and then coincubated with HL-60 cells, the dominance of the p44-18 transcript was rapidly suppressed in vitro and most of the newly emerged p44 transcript species were previously undetected in this horse. This work provides experimental evidence of within-host p44 antigenic variation. Results suggest that the rapid and synchronized switch of expression is an intrinsic property of p44s reinitiated after transmission to naive mammalian hosts and shaped upon exposure to immune plasma.
Identification and synthesis of new ferulic acid dehydrodimers present in grass cell walls (1994)

Seven isomeric dehydrodimers of ferulic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid) have been synthesized and identified in extracts of saponified cell walls of cocksfoot, switchgrass, and suspension-cultured corn. Dehydrodimers (E,E)-4,4′-dihydroxy-5,5′-dimethoxy-3,3′-bicinnamic acid, trans-5-[(E)-2-carboxyvinyl]-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3-carboxylic acid, (Z)-β-{4-[(E)-2-carboxyvinyl]-2-methoxyphenoxy}-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid, (E)-3-{4-[(E)-2-carboxyvinyl]-2-methoxyphenoxy}-4-hydroxy-5-methoxycinnamic acid, (E,E)-4,4′-dihydroxy-3,5′-dimethoxy-β,3′-bicinnamic acid, 4,4′-dihydroxy-3,3′-dimethoxy-β,β′-bicinnamic acid, and trans-7-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, all arise from oxidative coupling of ferulate esters in cell walls and represent products of 8–5, 8–8, 8–O–4, 4–O–5, and 5–5 radical coupling. Prior literature has acknowledged only the presence of the 5–5-coupled dehydrodimer (E,E)-4,4′-dihydroxy-5,5′-dimethoxy-3,3′-bicinnamic acid. Consequently, by measuring only a single dehydrodimer and assuming inappropriate response factors, ferulate dehydrodimers have been underestimated by factors of up to 20. Synthetic routes to all seven isomers have been developed to provide structural authentication and determination of GC response factors.
Interactive fluid-particle simulation using translating Eulerian grids. (2010)

We describe an interactive system featuring fluid-driven animation that responds to moving objects. Our system includes a GPUaccelerated Eulerian fluid solver that is suited for real-time use because it is unconditionally stable, takes constant calculation time per frame, and provides good visual fidelity. We dynamically translate the fluid simulation domain to track a user-controlled object. The fluid motion is visualized via its effects on particles which respond to the calculated fluid velocity field, but which are not constrained to stay within the bounds of the simulation domain. As particles leave the simulation domain, they seamlessly transition to purely particle-based motion, obscuring the point at which the fluid simulation ends. We additionally describe a hardware-accelerated volume rendering system that treats the particles as participating media and can render effects such as smoke, dust, or mist. Taken together, these components can be used to add fluid-driven effects to an interactive system without enforcing constraints on user motion, and without visual artifacts resulting from the finite extents of Eulerian fluid simulation methods.
Efficient Context-aware Service Discovery in Multi-Protocol Pervasive Environments (2006)

Service discovery is a critical functionality of emerging pervasive computing environments. In such environments, service discovery mechanisms need to (i) overcome the heterogeneity of hardware devices, software platforms, and networking infrastructures; and (ii) provide users with an accurate selection of services that meet their current requirements. To address these issues, we have developed the Multi- Protocol Service Discovery and Access (MSDA) middleware platform^2, which provides context-aware service discovery and access in pervasive environments. This paper primarily focuses on the design and implementation of the context-awareness support of MSDA. Context-awareness not only provides a more accurate service selection, but also enables a more efficient dissemination of service requests across heterogeneous pervasive environments. We present the design and prototype implementation of MSDA, along with experimental results that demonstrate the advantages derived by introducing context awareness.
Cloning and expression of cDNA for a human low-Km, rolipram-sensitive cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. (1990)

We have isolated cDNA clones representing cyclic AMP (cAMP)-specific phosphodiesterases (PDEases) from a human monocyte cDNA library. One cDNA clone (hPDE-1) defines a large open reading frame of ca. 2.1 kilobases, predicting a 686-amino-acid, ca. 77-kilodalton protein which contains significant homology to both rat brain and Drosophila cAMP PDEases, especially within an internal conserved domain of ca. 270 residues. Amino acid sequence divergence exists at the NH2 terminus and also within a 40- to 100-residue domain near the COOH-terminal end. hPDE-1 hybridizes to a major 4.8-kilobase mRNA transcript from both human monocytes and placenta. The coding region of hPDE-1 was engineered for expression in COS-1 cells, resulting in the overproduction of cAMP PDEase activity. The hPDE-1 recombinant gene product was identified as a low-Km cAMP phosphodiesterase on the basis of several biochemical properties including selective inhibition by the antidepressant drug rolipram. Known inhibitors of other PDEases (cGMP-specific PDEase, cGMP-inhibited PDEase) had little or no effect on the hPDE-1 recombinant gene product. Human genomic Southern blot analysis suggests that this enzyme is likely to be encoded by a single gene. The presence of the enzyme in monocytes may be important for cell function in inflammation. Rolipram sensitivity, coupled with homology to the Drosophila cAMP PDEase, which is required for learning and memory in flies, suggests an additional function for this enzyme in neurobiochemistry.
Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide Type I Receptor (1999)

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide type I receptor (PACAPr) belongs to the novel subfamily of the G-protein coupled receptors with a long extracellular N-terminus, which functions as a major binding site for the PACAP. Three different N-terminal fragments of rat PACAPr were overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified using His-tags or maltose-binding protein as anchors for affinity chromatography. The purified and refolded proteins were used for the production and screening of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to PACAPr. Fifteen hybridoma cell lines producing MAbs specific to PACAPr were generated and characterized. Epitope analysis by competitive enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) indicated the presence of two groups of overlapping epitopes in the N-terminal fragment of PACAPr. Reactivity of MAbs with SDS-denaturated and native rat PACAPr was demonstrated by immunoblotting and flow cytometric analysis using transiently transfected COS cells and stably transfected CHO cells expressing rat PACAPr. Each antibody was examined by immunoblotting for the ability to cross react with the human PACAPr in human neuroblastoma NB-OK cells and most of them were shown to recognize human PACAPr as effectively as rat PACAPr. MAbs against the N-terminal extracellular domain of PACAPr can be used for the immunochemical study of the receptor-ligand interaction and for the investigation of PACAPr distribution in normal and tumor tissues.
Specificity of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Assays: Cross-Reactivity with Different BNP, NT-proBNP, and proBNP Peptides (2016)

BNP or NT-proBNP results are not transferable among the current existing immunoassays owing to their differences in cross-reactivity and ability to detect various glycosylated forms of proBNP-derived fragments. Opportunities remain to standardize and harmonize BNP and NT-proBNP assays, as well as to develop specific proBNP assays, to widen their clinical scope of use.
A weakest-adversary security metric for network configuration security analysis (2006)

A security metric measures or assesses the extent to which a system meets its security objectives. Since meaningful quantitative security metrics are largely unavailable, the security community primarily uses qualitative metrics for security. In this paper, we present a novel quantitative metric for the security of computer networks that is based on an analysis of attack graphs. The metric measures the security strength of a network in terms of the strength of the weakest adversary who can successfully penetrate the network. We present an algorithm that computes the minimal sets of required initial attributes for the weakest adversary to possess in order to successfully compromise a network; given a specific network configuration, set of known exploits, a specific goal state, and an attacker class (represented by a set of all initial attacker attributes). We also demonstrate, by example, that diverse network configurations are not always beneficial for network security in terms of penetrability.
Numbers of Ovarian Follicles and Testing Germ Line Renewal in the Postnatal Ovary: Facts and Fallacies (2007)

Not available.
Sequential Patient Recruitment and Allocation for Adaptive Clinical Trials (2018)

Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for comparing the effectiveness of a new treatment to the current one (the control). Most RCTs allocate the patients to the treatment group and the control group by uniform randomization. We show that this procedure can be highly sub-optimal (in terms of learning) if -- as is often the case -- patients can be recruited in cohorts (rather than all at once), the effects on each cohort can be observed before recruiting the next cohort, and the effects are heterogeneous across identifiable subgroups of patients. We formulate the patient allocation problem as a finite stage Markov Decision Process in which the objective is to minimize a given weighted combination of type-I and type-II errors. Because finding the exact solution to this Markov Decision Process is computationally intractable, we propose an algorithm Knowledge Gradient for Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT-KG) -- that yields an approximate solution. Our experiment on a synthetic dataset with Bernoulli outcomes shows that for a given size of trial our method achieves significant reduction in error, and to achieve a prescribed level of confidence (in identifying whether the treatment is superior to the control), our method requires many fewer patients.
Two-stage motion compensation using adaptive global MC and local affine MC (1997)

This paper describes a high-efficiency video coding method based on ITU-T H.263. To improve the coding efficiency of H.263, a two-stage motion compensation (MC) method is proposed, consisting of global MC (GMC) for predicting camera motion and local MC (LMC) for macroblock prediction. First, global motion such as panning, tilting, and zooming is estimated, and the global-motion-compensated image is produced for use as a reference in LMC. Next, LMC is performed both for the global-motion-compensated reference image and for the image without GMC. LMC employs an affine motion model in the context of H.263's overlapped block motion compensation. Using the overlapped block affine MC, rotation and scaling of small objects can be predicted, in addition to translational motion. In the proposed method, GMC is adaptively turned on/off for each macroblock since GMC cannot be used for prediction in all regions in a frame. In addition, either an affine or a translational motion model is adaptively selected in LMC for each macroblock. Simulation results show that the proposed video coding technique using the two-stage MC significantly outperforms H.263 under identical conditions, especially for sequences with fast camera motion. The performance improvements in peak-to-peak SNR (PSNR) are about 3 dB over the original H.263, which does not use the two-stage MC.
Configurational studies in synthetic analgesics (1955)

A. H. Beckett and A. F. Casy, J. Chem. Soc., 1955, 900 DOI: 10.1039/JR9550000900
Phase II Study of the Antibody Drug Conjugate Trastuzumab-DM1 for the Treatment of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) –Positive Breast Cancer After Prior HER2-Directed Therapy (2010)

T-DM1 has robust single-agent activity in patients with heavily pretreated, HER2-positive MBC and is well tolerated at the recommended phase II dose.
T-Cell Replacing Factor Activity of Recombinant-Derived Interleukin-2 Requires Gamma-Interferon (1986)

In this study we show that recombinant-derived human interleukin-2 (rIL-2) has potent T-cell replacing activity in antigen-driven murine antibody responses of T-depleted spleen cells. This T-cell replacing factor (TRF) effect of rIL-2 is antigen specific. By the use of a variety of antibodies to gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma), including antibody from an interspecies hybridoma, we demonstrate that this TRF activity depends upon the production of IFN-gamma in the responding cell cultures, i.e., antibody to IFN-gamma blocks TRF activity. In addition, we show that the cell-to-cell allogeneic helper effect of T cells for antibody responses is similarly inhibited by antibodies to IFN-gamma. The inhibition of response produced by the antibodies is reversed by the addition of excess rIFN-gamma to the cultures. The results demonstrate that IFN-gamma is a necessary intermediate mediator for TRF activity mediated by IL-2 and also by T-cell-mediated help for B cells. Thus, even recombinant-derived lymphokines have complex secondary levels of action on responding cells. Antibodies to individual lymphokines are clearly a powerful resource to analyze the role of soluble factors in cellular responses.
Ion implantation during film growth and its effect on the superconducting properties of niobium (1975)

Low-energy (?500 eV) Kr+ ion bombardment during film growth and its consequences on superconducting properties of Nb are studied in a triode glow discharge sputtering configuration. Tc is depressed from the bulk value at a rate of −0.19 °C/at.% dissolved in the lattice. The residual resistivity shows an increase of 3.4 μΩ cm/at.% Kr. It is shown that radiation damage due to ion bombardment dominates the superconducting properties up to 0.2 at.% dissolved, whereas above this Kr concentration, up to ∼2 at.% Kr, the noble-gas content dominates the transport properties. All films show a dilated lattice which is mainly caused by energetic bombardment during film growth rather than subsequent trapping of the Kr gas.
Continuation-based multiprocessing (1980)

Any multiprocessing facility must include three features: elementary exclusion, data protection, and process saving. While elementary exclusion must rest on some hardware facility (e.g. a test-and-set instruction), the other two requirements are fulfilled by features already present in applicative languages. Data protection may be obtained through the use of procedures (closures or funargs),and process saving may be obtained through the use of the CATCH operator. The use of CATCH, in particular, allows an elegant treatment of process saving.
Adjusted dose continuous infusion of factor VIII in patients with haemophilia A (1992)

Surgical interventions in patients suffering from haemophilia A require infusions of large doses of factor VIII (F VIII) concentrates. These are expensive and may pose a burden on the immune system, which is already compromised in many haemophiliacs. F VIII is usually given as bolus injections, although there are reports on fixed dose continuous infusion. We have developed a continuous infusion programme with dosage adjusted according to daily calculation of the clearance of F VIII. Twenty-four haemophiliacs received a total of 205 d of continuous infusion with F VIII (168 d in hospital, 37 d home therapy). Eighteen patients underwent surgeries (11 elective, seven emergency) and six were treated for serious haemorrhages. We observed a significant, progressive decrease of the clearance of F VIII over the first 5 d from 3.2 (2.8-3.5) to 1.7 (1.3-1.9) ml/kg/h (median and interquartile range). The decrease of the clearance together with the fact that a continuous infusion requires less drug than bolus injections to keep the same minimal concentration, contributed to much lower doses of F VIII than reported in the literature or than required by historical controls, matched for the type of operation. Other advantages of our method are improved safety with stable activities of F VIII, lack of hazardous troughs below the haemostatic range, and the convenience, which permits ambulant therapy even when high doses of F VIII are required.
Monitoring and Analysis of Cardio Respiratory and Snoring Signals by using an Accelerometer (2007)

In this paper we present a system based on a sensor of acceleration for acquisition and monitoring of diverse physiological signals, by extracting respiratory, cardiac and snoring components inside the main source. Digital signal processing techniques used frequently in Biomedical Engineering have been used. The acceleration produced by the cardiac signals, the respiratory movements and the vibrations generated by the snores are detected with help of an accelerometer placed on the skin of the subject in not invasive way. The presented device allows the monitoring of several biomedical parameters: heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), Sympathetic, parasympathetic and baroreflex activity, respiratory rhythms and their variations (bradypnea - tachypnea), snoring and abdominal-thoracic efforts. A simple and effective method and device [1] is provided for helping to the diagnosis of Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (SAHS) and other breathing disorders.
Glycoprotein hormone structure-function and analog design. (1999)

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and thyrotropin (TSH) are hormones that share a common alpha subunit but differ in their beta subunits. Recombinant DNA techniques, valuable tools for structure-function analyses, provide an approach for designing therapeutic analogs. FSH is used clinically to stimulate the ovarian follicles for in vitro fertilization and to initiate follicular maturation in women with infertility problems. The CG beta subunit contains a carboxy-terminal extension (CTP) with four serine O-linked oligosaccharides, which is important for the long half-life of hCG. A clinical problem of FSH is its relatively short half-life in circulation. Fusing CTP to the FSH beta coding sequence increased the in vivo potency of the resulting FSH dimer over three-fold. Analogs of the other hormones containing CTP also increase their biologic half-life. Subunit assembly is vital to the function of these hormones. To address whether alpha and beta subunits can be synthesized as one chain and also maintain biological activity, a chimera comprised of the hCG beta subunit genetically fused to the alpha subunit was constructed. The resulting polypeptide was efficiently secreted and displayed an increased biologic activity in vitro and in vivo. Similarly, the single-chain form of FSH also retained in vivo activity. Since subunit dissociation inactivates the activity of the heterodimer, single-chain analogs should have longer biological half-lives. These analogs represent suitable substrates for engineering potent and stable agonists and antagonists.
Ephedrine versus Phenylephrine: Prevention of Hypotension during Spinal Block for Cesarean Section and Effects on the Fetus (2009)

Ephedrine was more effective than phenylephrine in the prevention of hypotension. Both drugs had similar incidence of side effects. Fetal repercussions were less frequent with phenylephrine and were transitory with the use of ephedrine.
Designer emulsions using microfluidics (2008)

We describe new developments for the controlled fabrication of monodisperse emulsions using microfluidics. We use glass capillary devices to generate single, double, and higher order emulsions with exceptional precision. These emulsions can serve as ideal templates for generating well-defined particles and functional vesicles. Polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic devices are also used to generate picoliter-scale water-in-oil emulsions at rates as high as 10 000 drops per second. These emulsions have great potential as individual microvessels in high-throughput screening applications, where each drop serves to encapsulate single cells, genes, or reactants.