gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New density-independent calibration function for microwave sensing of moisture content in particulate materials (1998)

Microwave techniques have been considered for a long time for moisture sensing in many food processing and agriculture-related industries. They are suitable for on-line real-time monitoring and control. However, with particulate materials, bulk density fluctuations cause significant errors in moisture content determination. To overcome this shortcoming, density-independent calibration functions are needed. In this paper, a new approach is presented in which both bulk density and moisture content are determined directly from measured microwave dielectric properties. A simple relationship between bulk density and the dielectric properties is identified, and a new density-independent function for moisture content prediction, exclusively dependent on the dielectric properties of the material under test (/spl epsiv/', /spl epsiv/"), is proposed. The validity and applicability of this function are demonstrated with an extensive data set obtained from measurements on a granular material (wheat), over wide ranges of frequency (11-18 GHz), temperature (-1/spl deg/C-42/spl deg/C), moisture content (10.6%-19.2%, wet basis), and bulk density (0.72-0.88 g/cm/sup 3/). Explicit calibration equations for moisture prediction at different frequencies and temperatures are provided. Although data obtained by a transmission microwave measurement technique were used, this new approach remains valid in general for other techniques, provided that /spl epsiv/' and /spl epsiv/" are determined accurately.
Human SAK related to the PLK/polo family of cell cycle kinases shows high mRNA expression in testis (1997)

We identified the nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding a polypeptide with a kinase domain that is related to the catalytic region of Drosophila melanogaster polo, Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC5 as well as human FNK and PLK. The novel gene seems to represent the human counterpart of the mouse gene sak. The sequence of SAK predicts a serine/threonine kinase of 970 aa. The distribution of SAK mRNA in adult organs is restricted to certain tissues such as testis and thymus. Northern analyses of tumor tissues (lung, breast, brain) and corresponding normal tissues from the same patient did not reveal SAK expression. Comparing the mRNA distribution of the proliferation-associated polo-like kinase (PLK) with the expression of SAK we observed distinct differences. Thus, we suggest that these kinases have unique physiological roles in different cells or in response to different signals.
Genomic structure, induction, and production of TNF-alpha. (1992)

The TNF gene is located in close proximity to the HLA-B locus in both humans and mouse. TNF has a high degree of sequence observation across species, and this is reflected in its relatively high cross-species activity. The 5' flanking region of the TNF gene contains multiple potential regulatory sites, including consensus sequences for the AP-1 and AP-2 sites, the cAMP-responsive element, and sequences similar to the kappa B sequences found in immunoglobulin and cytokine regulatory elements. This sequence has been demonstrated to be responsive to LPS and TNF stimulation. The 3' untranslated region contains a sequence element affecting posttranslational control of TNF through mRNA stability and translation efficiency. The functional importance and interactions of these regulatory elements remain undefined. TNF is widely expressed in granulocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells. Induction of TNF can occur through a variety of stimuli, including LPS, TPA, cytokines, calcium flux, and oxygen free-radical mechanisms. A common pathway for these diverse agents remains unknown. In human monocytes, the regulation of TNF expression is regulated at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Experimental evidence suggests that phospholipase A2 and the lipoxygenase pathway may be central in the process of TNF induction in leukocytes. Down-regulation of TNF expression is better understood. The inhibition of expression appears to result from high levels of cAMP, frequently induced through the action of PGE2. TNF secretion is separately regulated and may involve the action of G binding proteins.
Assessing New Bone Formation in Neonatal Calvarial Organ Cultures (2008)

Bone formation is a complex process, and testing anabolic effects on the skeleton of agents is slow and expensive in animals. Neonatal mouse calvariae cultured ex vivo show strong anabolic or catabolic bone responses to 1-week treatments and can be analyzed by quantitative histomorphometry. Changes in new bone area and osteoblast number caused by added proteins, drugs, or transfected genes can be quantified and analyzed for statistical significance. The organ cultures preserve much of the skeletal architecture and cellular diversity present in vivo and offer greater physiological relevance than cell lines studied in vitro.
High CD99 expression in memory T and B cells in reactive lymph nodes (1999)

We investigated the expression of CD99 in 35 hyperplastic perigastric lymph nodes, which were resected for gastric carcinoma or chronic peptic ulcer. Essentially, all lymphocytes in lymph nodes expressed CD99, but there were two populations with respect to the intensity of CD99 expression--CD99high and CD99low cells. We showed CD99high cells were distributed in paracortical and medullary cords by immunohistochemical study while germinal center cells were CD99low. Using three-color flow cytometric analysis with CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD23, CD45RA, CD45RO, CD69, CD138, IgM, IgD, and IgG, most of CD99high cells were shown to be activated/memory T cells. CD4+CD45RO+ T cells were the subset revealing the highest intensity of CD99 expression while CD4+CD45RA+ T cells were CD99low. Among B cells, IgG+ B cells revealed a higher level of CD99 molecules than IgM+ B cells. These results suggest that CD99 is one of activation-related molecules which are upregulated in recently activated lymphocytes.
Coupling of the TCR to Integrin Activation by SLAP-130/Fyb (2001)

SLAP-130/Fyb (SLP-76-associated phosphoprotein or Fyn-binding protein; also known as Fyb/Slap) is a hematopoietic-specific adapter, which associates with and modulates function of SH2-containing leukocyte phosphoprotein of 76 kilodaltons (SLP-76). T cells from mice lacking SLAP-130/Fyb show markedly impaired proliferation following CD3 engagement. In addition, the T cell receptor (TCR) in SLAP-130/Fyb mutant cells fails to enhance integrin-dependent adhesion. Although TCR-induced actin polymerization is normal, TCR-stimulated clustering of the integrin LFA-1 is defective in SLAP-130/Fyb-deficient cells. These data indicate that SLAP-130/Fyb is important for coupling TCR-mediated actin cytoskeletal rearrangement with activation of integrin function, and for T cells to respond fully to activating signals.
Frequency-selective surfaces with dumbbell shaped elements (2002)

One possible application of band-pass frequency-selective surfaces (FSS) is the frequency-selective radome. Usually, band-pass FSS appear as metallic screens, perforated periodically with apertures. The holes in the screen, resonating at pass-band central frequency f/sub 0/, may take various forms. The required frequency f/sub 0/ is provided by the selection of aperture dimensions, and the pass bandwidth is determined by the spacing between apertures. However, unwanted passbands appear at high frequencies, multiple of frequency f/sub 0/. A shift of unwanted pass-bands into a "not dangerous" frequency region or damping of the FSS transparency in these frequency bands is a problem of practical interest. One way to solve the problem is in the rational selection of hole geometry. For example, a positive result may be expected in the case of holes with locally separated inductance and capacity (e.g., holes in the form of a dumbbell). This work presents a theoretical and experimental study of dumbbell FSS performance. Broadband measurements of transmission coefficients for different incident wave angles through a band-pass FSS with dumbbell aperture elements demonstrate positive features. For these FSS, the unwanted transmission bands may be shifted sufficiently far to a high-frequency region.
Characterization of Photoinduced Isomerization and Back-Isomerization of the Cyanine Dye Cy5 by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (2000)

Cy5 is one of a few commercially available dyes in the near-infrared wavelength range. In this study, the fluorescence fluctuations of Cy5 have been investigated under steady-state excitation conditions by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). The fluctuations in fluorescence are compatible with and can be used to characterize the photoinduced isomerization and back-isomerization, as well as the transitions between the singlet and triplet states of the dye. By employing a simple kinetic model, the rate constants of these processes can be determined. The model was used over a broad range of experimental conditions, where the influence on the isomerization properties of solvent viscosity, polarity, and temperature, excitation intensity and wavelength, and the presence of different side groups was investigated. We propose FCS as a useful and simple complementary approach to study isomerization processes of cyanine dyes yielding information about the rates of both the photoinduced isomerization and the back-isomerization, as well as of the kinetic properties of the triplet states. Our data show that for most excitation conditions relevant for ultrasensitive fluorescence spectroscopy a photostationary equilibrium is established between the isomeric forms, where approximately 50% of the Cy5 dye molecules can be expected to be in their weakly fluorescent cis states. The fluorophores therefore lose about half of their fluorescence capacity. This is of relevance for the performance of the dye in all applications of fluorescence spectroscopy where a high sensitivity or a fast readout is required, such as in single-molecule detection experiments and in many applications of confocal laser scanning microscopy.
High-speed ultrasound volumetric imaging system. II. Parallel processing and image display (1991)

For pt.I see ibid., vol.38, no.2, p.100-8 (1991). The authors describe the design, application, and evaluation of parallel processing to the high-speed volumetric ultrasound imaging system. The scanner produces images analogous to an optical camera or the human eye and supplies more information than conventional sonograms. Potential medical applications include improved anatomic visualization, tumor localization, and better assessment of cardiac function. The system uses pulse-echo phased array principles to steer a 2-D array transducer of 289 elements in a pyramidal scan format. Parallel processing in the receive mode produces 4992 scan lines at a rate of approximately 8 frames/s. Echo data for the scanned volume is presented online as projection images with depth perspective, stereoscopic pairs, or multiple tomographic images. The authors also describe the techniques developed for the online display of volumetric images on a conventional CRT oscilloscope and show preliminary volumetric images for each display mode.
Ru(II) Complexes of Tetradentate Ligands Related to 2,9-Di(pyrid-2‘-yl)-1,10-phenanthroline (2008)

A series of 1,10-phenanthrolines were prepared having additional ligating substituents at the 2,9-positions. These substituents were either a 4-substituted pyrid-2-yl, quinolin-2-yl, 1,8-naphthyrid-2-yl, N-methyl imidazo-2-yl, or N-methyl benzimidazo-2-yl group. Additionally, 3,6-di-(pyrid-2'-yl)-dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine was prepared. All but two of these ligands coordinated Ru(II) in a tetradentate equatorial fashion with two 4-methylpyridines bound in the axial sites. An X-ray structure analysis of the diimidazoyl system indicates considerable distortion from square planar geometry in the equatorial plane. Previously reported variations in the axial ligand for such complexes appear to have a stronger effect on the electronic absorption and redox properties of the system than similar changes in the equatorial ligand. In the presence of excess Ce(IV) as a sacrificial oxidant at pH 1, all the systems examined catalyze the decomposition of water to generate oxygen. Turnover numbers are modest, ranging from 146 to 416.
Ordering of microwrinkle patterns by compressive strain (2004)

We describe a reversible response of complex wrinkle patterns on Pt-coated elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane to lateral compressive strain. The complex wrinkle stripe patterns composed of convex and concave parts with an almost constant wavelength of 1.1 \ensuremath{\mu}m are ordered in the strain direction and return to the original ordering with hysteresis when the strain is relaxed. The ordered domains grow via the rearrangement of the stripe orientation of neighbors, merge with each other, and finally cover a large area of the surface as strain increases.
Pertussis toxin‐insensitive effects of mastoparan, a wasp venom peptide, in PC 12 cells (1996)

Recent studies have shown that mastoparan, an amphiphilic peptide derived from wasp venom, modifies the secretion of neurotransmitters and hormones from a variety of cell types. Mastoparan interacts with heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) such as Gi and Go, which are ADP-ribosylated by pertussis toxin (PTX) and thereby uncoupled from receptors. Previously, some of the effects of mastoparan including secretion were reported to be modified selectively by PTX but not by cholera toxin (CTX). In the present study, we examined the influence of bacterial toxins on the effects of mastoparan in PC12 cells. Mastoparan stimulated [3H]noradrenaline (NA) release from prelabeled PC12 cells in the absence of CaCl2, although high K+ or ATP stimulated the release in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Pretreatment with CTX, not PTX, for 24 h inhibited mastoparan-stimulated [3H]NA release. Mastoparan inhibited forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in a dose-dependent manner, although mastoparan had no effect by itself. Pretreatment with PTX completely abolished the inhibitory effect of carbachol via Gi on cyclic AMP accumulation and partially reduced the effect of mastoparan. However, the inhibitory effect of 20 μM mastoparan was not modified by pretreatment with PTX. Thus, we investigated the effect of mastoparan on CTX-catalyzed [32P]ADP-ribosylation of proteins in PC12 cells. A subunit of CTX (CTX-A) catalyzed [32P]ADP-ribosylation of many proteins in the cytosolic fraction of PC12 cells. One of these was a 20 kDa protein, named ADP-ribosylating factor (ARF). The addition of mastoparan to assay mixtures inhibited ADP-ribosylation of many proteins including ARF and CTX-A in the presence of the cytosolic fraction. In the absence of the cytosolic fraction, however, mastoparan slightly enhanced ADP-ribosylation of bovine serum albumin and auto-ADP-ribosylation by CTX-A. Mastoparan did not inhibit ADP-ribosylation of the α subunit of Gs in the membrane fraction. These findings suggest that (1) mastoparan interacts with PTX-insensitive and CTX-sensitive factor(s) to stimulate NA release, and (2) mastoparan interacts with ARF inhibiting its activity to enhance the ADP-ribosylation reaction by CTX. ARF may be an exocytosis-linked G protein. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Protection of mice and swine from pseudorabies virus-induced mortality by administration of pseudorabies virus-specific mouse monoclonal antibodies (1988)

Hybridomas were selected for secretion of monoclonal antibodies directed against pseudorabies virus (PRV) glycoproteins. Each monoclonal antibody was capable of neutralizing PRV in vitro in the presence of complement. This panel of antibodies was used in passive immunization studies to protect mice and swine from PRV-induced mortality. The most protective antibody in mice was 3A4, specific for PRV glycoprotein gp50, which afforded as high as 100% protection. Although antibody 3A4 was partially protective in swine, antibody 3D11, which is specific for PRV glycoprotein glll, afforded greater protection--83% protection when ascitic fluid was used and 100% protection when immunoglobulin concentrated from cell cultures was used at a dose of 150 mg/pig. These studies demonstrated that monoclonal antibodies may be useful for short-term prophylaxis against PRV-induced disease and that antibody directed against either PRV glycoprotein glll or gp50 is sufficient to protect animals from PRV-induced mortality.
Antitumor activity of paclitaxel against human breast carcinoma xenografts serially transplanted into nude mice (1997)

Since no significant differences were observed in the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel in sensitive and resistant tumor cell lines, the efficacy of this agent seemed to depend on the sensitivity of tumor cells rather than the intratumoral concentration of agent.
Single Molecule Electrochemistry (1996)

By using specially constructed nanometer tips of sharpened Pt-Ir wire in a wax sheath, small numbers of molecules (1−10) can be trapped between the tip and a substrate. Repeated electron transfers of an electroactive molecule as it shuttles by diffusion between tip and substrate produce a current (∼0.6 pA/molecule) that can be used to detect the trapped molecules. The tip electrode size and shape can be found from the electrode approach curves (current vs tip-to-substrate distance) based on approximate equations and digital simulations. Analysis of the observed fluctuating currents by autocorrelation, spectral density, and probability density functions is also described.
RP105 Is Associated With MD-1 and Transmits an Activation Signal in Human B Cells (1998)

RP105 was originally discovered as a mouse B-cell surface molecule that transmits an activation signal. The signal leads to resistance against irradiation-induced apoptosis and massive B-cell proliferation. Recently, we found that mouse RP105 is associated with another molecule, MD-1. We have isolated here the human MD-1 cDNA. We show that human MD-1 is also associated with human RP105 and has an important role in cell surface expression of RP105. We also describe a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) that recognizes human RP105. Expression of RP105 is restricted to CD19(+) B cells. Histological studies showed that RP105 is expressed mainly on mature B cells in mantle zones. Germinal center cells are either dull or negative. RP105 is thus a novel human B-cell marker that is preferentially expressed on mature B cells. Moreover, the anti-RP105 MoAb activates B cells, leading to increases in cell size, expression of a costimulatory molecule CD80, and DNA synthesis. The B-cell activation pathway using RP105 is conserved in humans.
Differential A*: an adaptive search method illustrated with robot path planning for moving obstacles and goals, and an uncertain environment (2003)

Differential A* is presented. It is a method that builds on the A*/configuration-space approach to adapt quickly to changes in the space by determining and updating the localized regions affected by those changes rather than regenerating the entire space. This is particularly effective with moving obstacles or goals and in an uncertain environment because only small parts of the space are affected at a time. This technique can provide significant speed improvements over, with the same desired results, as complete space regeneration. The A* search algorithm and its relationship to the configuration space method of path planning are presented. The connection of A* to wave propagation in configuration space for path planning is described. The differential A* method is outlined, with the focus on path planning. Examples of moving obstacles and goals and planning in an uncertain environment are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Organophosphorus Compounds. II. Preparation of Phosphonic Acid Esters using the Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide Reagent (1963)

Mono- and diesters of phosphonic acids are conveniently prepared by reaction of a phosphonic acid with appropriate quantities of NN'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and an alcohol or phenol in pyridine solution.
Characterization of B-cell epitopes on IpaB, an invasion-associated antigen of Shigella flexneri: identification of an immunodominant domain recognized during natural infection (1993)

The invasion plasmid antigen B (IpaB), a 62-kDa plasmid-encoded protein associated with the ability of shigellae to invade epithelial cells, is the bacterial antigen most strongly and consistently recognized by the host during infection. The strong systemic and mucosal immune responses observed against this invasin prompted us to map its B-cell epitopes. For this purpose, IpaB was first overexpressed in Shigella flexneri and used to raise rabbit polyclonal antiserum and murine monoclonal antibodies, which were subsequently used to screen a lambda gt11 ipaB library. Inserts of recombinant DNA clones that were specifically recognized by the antisera and antibodies were sequenced, and three distinct determinants were identified. Further characterization of these determinants showed that they were recognized by sera from patients convalescent from shigellosis, suggesting that they are relevant to the humoral response during natural infection. Moreover, the IpaB region comprising the three determinants was systematically recognized by all sera from infected patients that we tested, whereas other regions of the protein were not. These data suggest that this region, located between amino acid residues 147 and 258, is the major immunogenic domain of the invasin in the course of natural infection.
A Dispersion Compensating Fiber with a Factor 5 Improvement in Figure of Merit and a Factor 4.5 Improvement in Effective Area (2011)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text L. Grüner-Nielsen, K. G. Jespersen, D. Jakobsen, and K. S. Feder, "A Dispersion Compensating Fiber with a Factor 5 Improvement in Figure of Merit and a Factor 4.5 Improvement in Effective Area," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference 2011, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2011), paper OWA1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Micellization and Gelation of Aqueous Solutions of Star-Shaped PLLA−PEO Block Copolymers (2003)

Nontoxic and biodegradable star-shaped poly(l-lactide-b-ethylene oxide) (star PLLA−PEO) block copolymers were synthesized by the coupling reaction of two reactive precursors, a hydroxy-terminated 3-armed poly(l-lactide) (star PLLA) and α-monocarboxy-ω-monomethoxypoly(ethylene oxide) (CMPEO). The chemical structure and physical properties of the resulting star-block copolymers were characterized. In the dilute aqueous solutions of star-block copolymers, micellization behavior was investigated, and over specific concentration and specific temperature, the unimer to micelle transition occurred. 1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) was solubilized in the micelle core, and the absorbance of DPH at 356 nm increased when micelle was formed. In addition, the effective diameter was highly affected by temperature. With increasing temperature, micelle size decreased dramatically. In high-concentration solution, star-block copolymer showed temperature-sensitive sol−gel transition behavior. Over specific concentration, the whole system cannot flow by the packing of micelles. However, with increasing temperature, packing structure was destroyed by the decrease of the micelle volume due to the dehydration and contraction of the PEO chain, and the system flew. In the sol−gel transition phase diagram obtained by the vial tilting method, the critical gel concentration decreased, the boundary curve shifted to the left, and the gel regions were expanded with increasing the molecular weight of PLLA block and PEO block.