gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experiments on a multichannel holographic optical switch with the use of a liquid-crystal display (1992)

A new configuration of holographic switches is proposed and verified for multichannel optical switching. Experimental 1 x 64 and 2 x 32 switching is achieved by using real-time binary phase-only holograms generated by a twisted nematic liquid-crystal display. This holographic free-space switching is applicable to photonic switching systems and optical interconnections.
Conservative surgery to preserve ovarian function in patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (2000)

The surgical approach in young patients with MOGCT confined to a single ovary should aim to preserve fertility. Advanced disease is not usually accompanied by contralateral ovarian disease and should not necessarily contraindicate conservative surgery. The majority of these patients who have received combination chemotherapy resume normal ovarian function and can expect a normal fertility rate and healthy offspring.
Effects of stimulation site and stimulation parameters on bladder inhibition by electrical nerve stimulation (2012)

There was no significant difference in the maximum degree to which the respective optimum parameters inhibited bladder contractions or increased cystometric capacity by location. The range of amplitudes and frequencies that caused maximum inhibition was larger for DNP stimulation than for PN or S1 stimulation. These findings have implications on the selection of anatomical target and device programming for clinical neuromodulation for treatment of the symptoms of overactive bladder.
Risks of aluminium exposure during pregnancy (2000)

Es ben conegut que l'alumini es potencialment neurotoxic. En els darrers anys s'ha plantejat si l'exposicio dietetica i mediambiental a l'alumini podia causar toxicitat en el desenvolupament dels mamifers. Mentre que esta ben establert que l'alumini pot ser un toxic per al desenvolupament quan s'administra parenteralment, fins fa poc no hi havia gaire inquietud per les consequencies embrio/fetals derivades de la ingesta d'alumini, ja que la seva biodisponibilitat era considerada baixa. Aquest article resumeix els resultats obtinguts en investigacions recents sobre la toxicitat embrio/fetal de l'alumini, la potencial toxicologia reproductiva d'aquest element, aixi com els efectes sobre el neurodesenvolupament i el comportament derivats de l'exposicio a l'alumini durant la gestacio. Finalment, tambe es revisen les terapies potencials per protegir-se de la toxicitat causada per l'alumini en el desenvolupament.
High‐Throughput Printing via Microvascular Multinozzle Arrays (2012)

Microvascular multinozzle arrays are designed and fabricated for high-throughput printing of functional materials. Ink-flow uniformity within these multigeneration, bifurcating microchannel arrays is characterized by computer modeling and microscopic particle image velocimetry (micro-PIV) measurements. Both single and dual multinozzle printheads are produced to enable rapid printing of multilayered periodic structures over large areas (≈1 m(2)).
Carbohydrate Wheels: Cucurbituril‐Based Carbohydrate Clusters (2007)

Steering wheels: Cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) can be used as a scaffold to synthesize carbohydrate clusters in which about 11 carbohydrate moieties are attached to the periphery of the rigid macrocycle like a wheel (see picture). The clusters show enhanced selectivity and affinity in binding to specific proteins through multivalent interactions. The CB[6] cavity allows formation of host–guest complexes that can be delivered to specific cells.
Abstract 5506: Novel toxin library for the discovery of oncology therapeutics (2010)

Abstract The A subunit of Shiga-like Toxin 1 (SLT1) is a ribosome-inactivating protein that works by catalyzing the depurination of the 28 S rRNA. The A subunit lacks the ability to bind and internalize into cells, and is normally dependent on the B subunit of SLT1 for this function. A toxin variant library has been created by inserting random amino acid stretches into an exposed loop structure of the A subunit. The inserts can confer binding and internalization properties to the SLT1 A variants but do not inhibit the A subunit's ability to intoxicate. This toxin library has been expressed in a phage display system that can be rapidly screened for variants with specific cell kill activity and predictable PK/PD properties. The library is being used to develop novel therapeutics for oncology. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5506.
Is Pain Fatiguing? A Structured Evidence-Based Review (2003)

Based on the above results, it was concluded that there is an association between fatigue and pain and that there may be an etiological relationship between pain and fatigue. Pain physicians and other pain treatment professionals should be aware of the high prevalence of fatigue in pain patients. In addition, future research might investigate possible mechanisms for the relationship between pain and fatigue.
Detection of Transforming Growth Factor-α in the Serum of Gastric Carcinoma Patients (1999)

Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) is a ligand for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and it is overexpressed in various malignancies including lung, esophageal, colorectal, ovarian and gastric carcinomas. In patients with gastric carcinoma, its overexpression may be associated with advanced stage or poor prognosis. We have recently demonstrated that the mean serum level for EGFR in gastric carcinoma patients was significantly elevated compared with that of healthy controls. Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the levels of TGF-alpha were determined in serum from 40 patients with gastric carcinoma (5 patients with stage I, 2 stage II, 4 stage III, and 29 stage IV patients) and 33 healthy controls. The mean serum level for TGF-alpha in the gastric carcinoma patients was significantly elevated as compared with that of healthy controls (104 +/- 235 vs. 22 +/- 16 pg/ml; p = 0.03). Eleven patients with gastric carcinoma (27.5%) showed elevated serum TGF-alpha levels above the cutoff value of 54 pg/ml (defined as 2 standard deviations above the mean of the control group). No significant association was noted between the positivity of TGF-alpha and clinicopathologic characteristics including gender, age and stage. However, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma showed a higher positivity of serum TGF-alpha (43.8%) compared with other histologic types, which was marginally significant (p = 0.06). These results suggest that serum TGF-alpha could be useful as a tumor marker of gastric carcinoma for predicting prognosis and follow-up after surgery in patients whose initial serum TGF-alpha levels are elevated.
Cerebral Oxygen Metabolism in Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy during and after Therapeutic Hypothermia (2013)

Pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) are associated with complex changes of blood flow and metabolism. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is effective in reducing the extent of brain injury, but it remains uncertain how TH affects cerebral blood flow (CBF) and metabolism. Ten neonates undergoing TH for HIE and seventeen healthy controls were recruited from the NICU and the well baby nursery, respectively. A combination of frequency domain near infrared spectroscopy (FDNIRS) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) systems was used to non-invasively measure cerebral hemodynamic and metabolic variables at the bedside. Results showed that cerebral oxygen metabolism (CMRO2i) and CBF indices (CBFi) in neonates with HIE during TH were significantly lower than post-TH and age-matched control values. Also, cerebral blood volume (CBV) and hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SO2) were significantly higher in neonates with HIE during TH compared with age-matched control neonates. Post-TH CBV was significantly decreased compared with values during TH whereas SO2 remained unchanged after the therapy. Thus, FDNIRS-DCS can provide information complimentary to SO2 and can assess individual cerebral metabolic responses to TH. Combined FDNIRS-DCS parameters improve the understanding of the underlying physiology and have the potential to serve as bedside biomarkers of treatment response and optimization.
Continuous hydrophoretic separation and sizing of microparticles using slanted obstacles in a microchannel (2007)

We report a microfluidic separation and sizing method of microparticles with hydrophoresis--the movement of suspended particles under the influence of a microstructure-induced pressure field. By exploiting slanted obstacles in a microchannel, we can generate a lateral pressure gradient so that microparticles can be deflected and arranged along the lateral flows induced by the gradient. Using such movements of particles, we completely separated polystyrene microbeads with 9 and 12 microm diameters. Also, we discriminated polystyrene microbeads with diameter differences of approximately 7.3%. Additionally, we measured the diameter of 10.4 microm beads with high coefficient of variation and compared the result with a conventional laser diffraction method. The slanted obstacle as a microfluidic control element in a microchannel is analogous to the electric, magnetic, optical, or acoustic counterparts in that their function is to generate a field gradient. Since our method is based on intrinsic pressure fields, we could eliminate the need for external potential fields to induce the movement of particles. Therefore, our hydrophoretic method will offer a new opportunity for power-free and biocompatible particle control within integrated microfluidic devices.
Cascaded-cladding-pumped cascaded Raman fiber amplifier (2015)

The conversion efficiency of double-clad Raman fiber laser is limited by the cladding-to-core area ratio. To get high conversion efficiency, the inner-cladding-to-core area ratio has to be less than about 8, which limits the brightness enhancement. To overcome the problem, a cascaded-cladding-pumped cascaded Raman fiber laser with multiple-clad fiber as the Raman gain medium is proposed. A theoretical model of Raman fiber amplifier with multiple-clad fiber is developed, and numerical simulation proves that the proposed scheme can improve the conversion efficiency and brightness enhancement of cladding pumped Raman fiber laser.
Oral sodium phenylbutyrate therapy in homozygous beta thalassemia: a clinical trial (1995)

Butyrate analogues have been shown to increase fetal hemoglobin (HbF) production in vitro and in vivo. Sodium phenylbutyrate (SPB), an oral agent used to treat individuals with urea-cycle disorders, has been shown to increase HbF in nonanemic individuals and in individuals with sickle cell disease. We have treated eleven patients with homozygous beta thalassemia (three transfusion dependent) and one sickle-beta-thalassemia patient with 20 g/d (forty 500-mg tablets) of SPB for 41 to 460 days. All patients showed an increase in the percent of F reticulocytes associated with treatment, but only four patients responded by increasing their Hb levels by greater than 1 g/dL (mean increase, 2.1 g/dL; range, 1.2 to 2.8 g/dL). None of the transfusion-dependent thalassemia subjects responded. Increase in Hb was associated with an increase in red blood cell number (mean increase, 0.62 x 10(12)/L), and mean corpuscular volume (mean increase, 6 fL). Changes in percent HbF, absolute HbF levels, or alpha- to non-alpha-globin ratios as measured by levels of mRNA and globin protein in peripheral blood did not correlate with response to treatment. Response to treatment was not associated with the type of beta-globin mutation, but baseline erythropoietin levels of greater than 120 mU/mL was seen in all responders and only two of eight nonresponders to SPB. Compliance with treatment was greater than 90% as measured by pill counts. Side effects of the drug included weight gain and/or edema caused by increase salt load in 2/12, transient epigastric discomfort in 7/12, and abnormal body odor in 3/12 subjects. Two splenectomized patients who were not on prophylactic antibiotics developed sepsis while on treatment. We conclude that SPB increases Hb in some patients with thalassemia, but the precise mechanism of action is unknown.
Electroanatomical mapping and radiofrequency ablation of an accessory pathway associated with a large aneurysm of the coronary sinus (2004)

We report a case of a patient with a left posteroseptal accessory pathway associated with a coronary sinus (CS) aneurysm. The patient had undergone two previous failed ablation attempts at other institutions despite multiple radiofrequency applications delivered within and outside the CS aneurysm. Electroanatomical mapping was performed and allowed delineation of the three-dimensional anatomy of the aneurysm, so as to identify the ventricular insertion site, and to permit successful ablation of the pathway without any complications.
Medium-Chain Acyl CoA Dehydrogenase: Evidence for Phosphorylation (1997)

Mature medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase isolated from pig kidney (pkMCADH) and originating from mitochondria carries a phosphate group as demonstrated by 31P-NMR-spectroscopy and chemical analysis. Two broad resonances at -6.3 and -8 ppm are observed and are assigned to the pyrophosphate group of the cofactor FAD. A third, narrow resonance at 4.65 ppm indicates the presence of a phosphomonoester residue. Chemical analysis of intact pkMCADH shows the presence of 3 +/- 0.3 phosphates, those of FAD and of an additional covalently attached phosphate. With recombinant, human wild type MCADH expressed in and purified from E. coli only the two FAD phosphates (2 +/- 0.35) are found. Similarly, pkMCADH which has been converted to the apoenzyme and reconstituted to holoenzyme also contains 2 +/- 0.4 phosphates. The covalently bound phosphate can be hydrolyzed by phosphatase and subsequently removed by dialysis. The phosphate group has no detectable effect on the catalytic activity of the MCADH measured with artificial and natural electron acceptors such as pig electron transferring flavoprotein. However, phosphorylation has a marked effect on protein solubility which is +5-fold lower for the dephosphorylated protein.
Genomic Library Screens for Genes Involved in n-Butanol Tolerance in Escherichia coli (2011)

We identified and experimentally verified 14 genes that decreased the inhibitory effect of n-butanol tolerance on E. coli. From the data, we were able to expand the current knowledge on the genes involved in n-butanol tolerance; the results suggest that an increased iron transport and metabolism and decreased acid resistance may enhance n-butanol tolerance. The genes and mechanisms identified in this study will be helpful in the rational engineering of more robust biofuel producers.
Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated In Utero Gene Transfer Gives Therapeutic Transgene Expression in the Sheep (2010)

Somatic in utero gene therapy aims to treat congenital diseases where pathology develops in perinatal life, thereby preventing permanent damage. The aim of this study was to determine whether delivery of self-complementary (sc) adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector in utero would provide therapeutic long-term transgene expression in a large animal model. We performed ultrasound-guided intraperitoneal injection of scAAV2/8-LP1-human Factor IX (hFIX)co (1 × 10(12) vector genomes/kg) in early (n = 4) or late (n = 2) gestation fetal sheep. The highest mean hFIX levels were detected 3 weeks after injection in late gestation (2,055 and 1,687.5 ng/ml, n = 2) and 3 days after injection in early gestation (435 ng/ml, n = 1). Plasma hFIX levels then dropped as fetal liver and lamb weights increased, although low levels were detected 6 months after late gestation injection (75 and 52.5 ng/ml, n = 2). The highest vector levels were detected in the fetal liver and other peritoneal organs; no vector was present in fetal gonads. hFIX mRNA was detectable only in hepatic tissues after early and late gestation injection. Liver function tests and bile acid levels were normal up to a year postnatal; there was no evidence of liver pathology. No functional antibodies to hFIX protein or AAV vector were detectable, although lambs mounted an antibody response after injection of hFIX protein and Freund's adjuvant. In conclusion, hFIX expression is detectable up to 6 months after delivery of scAAV vector to the fetal sheep using a clinically applicable method. This is the first study to show therapeutic long-term hFIX transgene expression after in utero gene transfer in a large animal model.
Whole-genome sequencing and microarray analysis of ex vivo Plasmodium vivax reveal selective pressure on putative drug resistance genes (2010)

Plasmodium vivax causes 25-40% of malaria cases worldwide, yet research on this human malaria parasite has been neglected. Nevertheless, the recent publication of the P. vivax reference genome now allows genomics and systems biology approaches to be applied to this pathogen. We show here that whole-genome analysis of the parasite can be achieved directly from ex vivo-isolated parasites, without the need for in vitro propagation. A single isolate of P. vivax obtained from a febrile patient with clinical malaria from Peru was subjected to whole-genome sequencing (30× coverage). This analysis revealed over 18,261 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 6,257 of which were further validated using a tiling microarray. Within core chromosomal genes we find that one SNP per every 985 bases of coding sequence distinguishes this recent Peruvian isolate, designated IQ07, from the reference Salvador I strain obtained in 1972. This full-genome sequence of an uncultured P. vivax isolate shows that the same regions with low numbers of aligned sequencing reads are also highly variable by genomic microarray analysis. Finally, we show that the genes containing the largest ratio of nonsynonymous-to-synonymous SNPs include two AP2 transcription factors and the P. vivax multidrug resistance-associated protein (PvMRP1), an ABC transporter shown to be associated with quinoline and antifolate tolerance in Plasmodium falciparum. This analysis provides a data set for comparative analysis with important potential for identifying markers for global parasite diversity and drug resistance mapping studies.
Simple, Almost Anywhere, With Almost Anyone: Remote Low-Cost Telementored Resuscitative Lung Ultrasound (2011)

The emergent exclusion of APN-PTX can be immediately accomplished by a remote expert economically linked to almost any responder over cellular networks. Further work should explore the range of other physiologic functions and anatomy that could be so remotely assessed.
Stable Transformation of Plant Cells by Particle Bombardment/Biolistics (2004)

Particle bombardment, or biolistics, is a commonly used method for genetic transformation of plants and other organisms. Millions of DNA-coated metal particles are shot at target cells or tissues using a biolistic device or gene gun. The DNA elutes off the particles that lodge inside the cells, and a portion may be stably incorporated in the host chromosomes. A protocol for the generation of transgenic grapevines via biolistic transformation of embryogenic cell suspension cultures is detailed in this chapter. In a typical experiment, transient gene expression averaged nearly 8000 "hits" per bombarded plate. Five months after bombardment, there were nearly five putative transgenic embryos per bombarded plate. About half of the embryos were regenerated into confirmed transgenic plants. The basic bombardment procedures described are applicable to a wide range of plant genotypes, especially those for which embryogenic cell cultures are available. All users of particle bombardment technology will find numerous useful tips to maximize the success of transformation.
Picosecond Time-Resolved LADA Integrated with a Solid Immersion Lens on a Laser Scanning Microscope (2017)

Abstract We present an upgraded time-resolved LADA system, with a 25ps pulsed laser, integrated into a commercial laser scanning microscope used in failure analysis. We demonstrate the use of this system on 14nm/16nm finfet devices.
Analysis of plasma lipids by NMR spectroscopy: application to modifications induced by malignant tumors (1993)

Lipid extracts of plasma were studied by 31P and 1H NMR spectroscopy at 9.4 T. Signals recorded on lipid mixtures were assigned to different lipid classes using a data base built with two-dimensional 1H COSY spectra of seven standard lipids. Signals unique to glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and triacylglycerols were identified. 31P and 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to study qualitative and quantitative modifications induced in plasma by malignant tumors. The results show a significant increase in triglyceride/phospholipid ratio and a concomitant decrease of total phospholipids in patients with cancer. In order to check for the possible presence of particular lipids such as glycolipids in these patients, 1H COSY spectra were recorded on the intact plasma and on extracts of plasma lipids in patients with cancer and in healthy subjects. Only in one case of ovarian cancer, a cross-peak at 1.35 and 4.15 ppm, corresponding to fucose residue in glycolipids, was detected.
Affinities of amino acid side chains for solvent water (1981)

Equilibria of distribution of amino acid side chains, between their dilute aqueous solutions and the vapor phase at 25 degrees C, have been determined by dynamic vapor pressure measurements. After correction to pH 7, the resulting scale of "hydration potentials", or free energies of transfer from the vapor phase to neutral aqueous solution, spans a range of approximately 22 kcal/mol. The side chain of arginine is much more hydrophilic than those of the other common amino acids, with an equilibrium constant of approximately 10(15) for transfer from the vapor phase to neutral aqueous solution. Hydration potentials are more closely correlated with the relative tendencies of the various amino acids to appear at the surface of globular proteins than had been evident from earlier distribution studies on the free amino acids. Both properties are associated with a pronounced bias in the genetic code.
Customizing poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) particles for biomedical applications (2018)

Nanoparticles are increasingly important in the field of biomedicine. Particles made of polymers are in the spotlight, due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, versatility. In this review, we aim to discuss the range of formulation techniques, manipulations, and applications of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) particles, to enable a researcher to effectively select or design the optimal particles for their application. We describe the various techniques of PLGA particle synthesis and their impact on possible applications. We focus on recent developments in the field of PLGA particles, and new synthesis techniques that have emerged over the past years. Overall, we show how the chemistry of PLGA particles can be adapted to solve pressing biological needs.