gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensitization and desensitization to lethal effects of tumor necrosis factor and IL-1. (1988)

BALB/c mice were sensitized to lethal effects of human rTNF-alpha and of human rIL-1 alpha by simultaneous treatment with sublethal doses of actinomycin D (Act D) or D-galactosamine (GalN). In contrast, treatment with sublethal doses of TNF or IL-1 themselves resulted in desensitization of the mice to the lethal effect of these cytokines: mice injected with TNF or IL-1 in the absence of Act D or GalN responded to a second injection of TNF or IL-1, this time together with Act D or GalN, by a significantly delayed death, or even survived. Desensitization developed rapidly (0.5-1.0 h) and abated 24 to 48 h postinjection. Each of the two cytokines induced hyporesponsiveness to its own lethal effect as well as to that of the other. Injection of TNF or IL-1 at sublethal doses resulted also in hyporesponsiveness to the lethal effect of LPS on mice primed with bacillus Calmette-Guérin, an effect which most likely is mediated by TNF and IL-1 produced in those mice in response to the LPS. TNF and IL-1 in combination had an additive effect both in lethality and in desensitization of the mice. These findings suggest that some of the deleterious effects of TNF and IL-1 are modulated by antagonistic mechanisms; mechanisms which can be suppressed by sensitizing agents, specifically by agents inhibiting the synthesis of RNA or protein; but which, in the absence of such agents, are found to be augmented in response to TNF and IL-1, thus resulting in desensitization.
Non-invasive detection of hypovolemia or fluid responsiveness in spontaneously breathing subjects (2013)

Functional hemodynamic monitoring with slow patterned breathing to control spontaneous respiration may be worthy for further study in different populations for the assessment of hypovolemia and the prediction of volume responsiveness.
Activation of silicon wafer by excimer laser (2010)

The application of lasers for annealing wafer-based and thin-film microelectronic devices is steadily increasing. Excellent control of material characteristics such as the dopant activation profile are achieved through proper selection of the laser parameters which directly influence the laser material interaction; these include wavelength, pulse duration and fluency. Nanosecond pulses at short UV wavelengths, as emitted by excimer lasers, are particularly beneficial for shallow activation and the increasing demand to keep the overall temperature budget low during the anneal. The short wavelength of e.g. 308nm or 248nm leads to an absorption depth of less than 10 nm in crystalline silicon that enables the deposition of the laser energy in a small confined volume. In this paper, we look at lasers, optics and annealing systems that have proved themselves in the annealing of semiconductor wafers. The application of a system for the uniform shallow activation of Back-Side-Illuminated (BSI) CMOS image sensors will be discussed in detail. This annealing system is based on a proven industrial excimer laser and yields a high uniformity of sheet resistance that is better than 0.5% (sigma). A unique optics system has been developed to provide a highly uniform thin line beam of 300 mm length. The wafer is covered in a single scan so that the process time for a 12" wafer is reduced to only 20 seconds. Results from recent application work involving dopant activation for silicon wafers will also be presented.
Evaluation of the carbohydrate recognition domain of the bacterial adhesin FimH: design, synthesis and binding properties of mannoside ligands (2006)

Fimbriae are proteinogeneous appendages on the surface of bacteria, which mediate bacterial adhesion to the host cell glycocalyx. The so-called type 1 fimbriae exhibit specificity for alpha-d-mannosides and, therefore, they are assumed to mediate bacterial adhesion via the interaction of a fimbrial lectin and alpha-d-mannosyl residues exposed on the host cell surface. This carbohydrate-specific adhesive protein subunit of type 1 fimbriae has been identified as a protein called FimH. The crystal structure of this lectin is known and, based on this information, the molecular details of the interaction of mannoside ligands and FimH are addressed in this paper. Computer-based docking methods were used to evaluate known ligands as well as to design new ones. Then, a series of new mannosides with extended aglycon was synthesized and tested as inhibitors of type 1 fimbriae-mediated bacterial adhesion in an ELISA. The results obtained were compared to the predictions and findings as delivered by molecular modeling. This study led to an improved understanding of the ligand-receptor interactions under investigation.
Leukocyte rolling in venules of striated muscle and skin is mediated by P-selectin, not by L-selectin (1994)

Leukocyte rolling in post-capillary venules is mediated by adhesion molecules of the selectin family expressed on both leukocytes (L-selectin) and endothelial cells (E- and P-selectin). With the use of intravital fluorescence microscopy, the effects of antibodies against these selectins were analyzed in the skinfold chamber model of BALB/c mice and the ear model of homozygous hairless mice (hr/hr) that permit chronic observation of striated muscle and skin microcirculation in awake animals, respectively. Mice were injected intravenously with monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to murine L-selectin and E-selectin and affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies to P-selectin. The antibodies, which are known to block cell adhesion, were tested by immunoprecipitation to selectively bind to L-, E-, or P-selectin. Leukocyte rolling was a constant finding in both microcirculation models in the absence of inflammatory stimuli. In both models, injection of anti-P-selectin antibodies completely prevented baseline leukocyte rolling over an observation period of 2 h (P < 0.01 vs. baseline), while no effects were seen after administration of either anti-L-selectin or anti-E-selectin MAb. Treatment with the isotype-matched control antibodies did not affect leukocyte rolling in either model. We conclude that leukocyte rolling in postcapillary venules of murine striated muscle and skin is a physiological process mediated via P-selectin, whereas L- and E-selectin appear not to play a significant role under these circumstances.
TypeCastor (2011)

Dynamic typing is a barrier for JavaScript applications to achieve high performance. Compared with statically typed languages, the major overhead of dynamic typing comes from runtime type resolution and runtime property lookup. Common folks' belief is that the traditional static compilation techniques are no longer effective for dynamic languages. The best known JavaScript engines such as Mozilla TraceMonkey and Chrome V8 have developed non-traditional techniques to reduce the runtime overhead. This paper describes TypeCastor, a new JavaScript engine that tries to investigate where and how much the dynamism really is in JavaScript applications, thus to demystify their dynamic typing behavior. To verify our findings, we evaluate TypeCastor with SunSpider benchmark. For type resolution, we find 99% of all the primitive type instances can be statically identified before the program execution. For object property lookup, more than 97% of all runtime property accesses can be satisfied by inline cache. These data mean that the representative JavaScript applications are not that dynamic as people expect, although the language provides the flexible dynamism supports. Though not developed for pure performance, TypeCastor achieves 5.6% and 12.7% higher scores compared to current Chrome V8 and Mozilla TraceMonkey engines respectively.
Only sphingolipid activator protein B (SAP‐B or saposin B) stimulates the degradation of globotriaosylceramide by recombinant human lysosomal α‐galactosidase in a detergent‐free liposomal system (1996)

The degradation of globotriaosylceramide (GbO-se3Cer) by insect-cell derived recombinant human alpha-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22) was carried out in a detergent-free liposomal system in order to mimic intralysosomal conditions. GbOse3Cer incorporated into unilamellar liposomes was used as the substrate, and naturally occurring sphingolipid activator proteins, rather than detergents, were used to stimulate the enzyme reaction. The degradation of GbOse3Cer was dependent on the presence of both alpha-galactosidase and sphingolipid activator protein B (SAP-B or saposin B). It proceeded optimally at pH 4.6, and was enhanced by increasing amounts of both alpha-galactosidase (0.24-24 mU/50 microliters assay) and SAP-B (0-5 micrograms/50 microliters assay). The enzyme reaction was not affected by SAP-A, SAP-C, or SAP-D. Therefore, our results indicate that only SAP-B is essential for the degradation of GbOse3Cer by alpha-galactosidase.
3rd European Evidence-based Consensus on the Diagnosis and Management of Crohn’s Disease 2016: Part 1: Diagnosis and Medical Management (2016)

This paper is the first in a series of two publications relating to the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation [ECCO] evidence-based consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn's disease and concerns the methodology of the consensus process, and the classification, diagnosis and medical management of active and quiescent Crohn's disease. Surgical management as well as special situations including management of perianal Crohn's disease of this ECCO Consensus are covered in a subsequent second paper [Gionchetti et al JCC 2016].
The type 5, acid phosphatase from spleen of humans with hairy cell leukemia. Purification, properties, immunological characterization, and comparison with porcine uteroferrin. (1985)

The spleens of patients with hairy cell leukemia contain high levels of a tartrate-insensitive, cationic, acid phosphatase (the human Type 5 isozyme). This phosphatase has been purified by a procedure which involves only two chromatographic steps: CM-cellulose chromatography and immunoaffinity chromatography on sheep antibodies generated against porcine uteroferrin. Uteroferrin is an abundant iron-containing acid phosphatase that can be recovered readily from porcine uterine secretions. Like uteroferrin, the purified human Type 5 phosphatase is a glycoprotein of molecular weight about 34,000. It contains two atoms of iron/molecule. The human phosphatase and uteroferrin also resemble each other closely in electrophoretic mobility, substrate specificity, and response to a variety of activators and inhibitors. Mouse monoclonal antibodies have been raised to uteroferrin and to the human Type 5 phosphatase. Three monoclonal antibodies which bind with high affinities to distinct sites on the uteroferrin molecule also recognize the human spleen enzyme, but bind to it with much lower affinity. These antibodies also recognize cationic acid phosphatases purified from bovine and rat spleens. A monoclonal antibody raised against the human enzyme, but selected for binding to uteroferrin, appears to recognize a relatively conserved site on all four phosphatases. We conclude that the human Type 5 isozyme belongs to a growing class of structurally related, iron-containing acid phosphatases which includes the iron-transport protein, uteroferrin.
Plasmon Resonant Cavities in Vertical Nanowire Arrays (2010)

We investigate tunable plasmon resonant cavity arrays in paired parallel nanowire waveguides. Resonances are observed when the waveguide length is an odd multiple of quarter plasmon wavelengths, consistent with boundary conditions of node and antinode at the ends. Two nanowire waveguides satisfy the dispersion relation of a planar metal-dielectric-metal waveguide of equivalent width equal to the square field average weighted gap. Confinement factors over 10(3) are possible due to plasmon focusing in the interwire space.
High-performance crystal oscillator circuits: theory and application (1988)

A general theory that allows the accurate linear and nonlinear analysis of any crystal oscillator circuit is presented. It is based on the high Q of the resonator and on a very few nonlimiting assumptions. The special case of the three-point oscillator, that includes Peirce and one-pin circuits, is analyzed in more detail. A clear insight into the linear behavior, including the effect of losses, is obtained by means of the circular locus of the circuit impedance. A basic condition for oscillation and simple analytic expressions are derived in the lossless case for frequency pulling, critical transconductance, and start-up time constant. The effects of nonlinearities on amplitude and on frequency stability are analyzed. As an application, a 2-MHz CMOS oscillator which uses amplitude stabilization to minimize power consumption and to eliminate the effects of nonlinearities on frequency is described. The chip, implemented in a 3- mu m p-well low-voltage process, includes a three-stage frequency divider and consumes 0.9 mu A at 1.5 V. The measured frequency stability is 0.05 p.p.m./V in the range 1.1-5 V of supply voltage. Temperature effect on the circuit itself is less than 0.1 p.p.m. from -10 to +60 degrees C.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Which T cells cause psoriasis? (1999)

Today, T cells appear to be the main protagonists in the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris. This article summarizes how T cells might contribute to the generation of psoriatic skin lesions. It discusses the preferential T cell receptor usage and the putative mode of T cell activation in psoriatic skin lesions, and how streptococcal throat infections could be involved in disease manifestations. The results are integrated into a pathogenetic concept which considers psoriasis as a T-cell mediated autoimmune disorder.
Urban goods movement (1978)

The movement of freight within and between our cities is a fundamental part of the complex economic structure of modern life. However, in most New Zealand transportations studies, and in most overseas studies to date, goods movement has not received treatment comensurate with its impact on the urban transport system. The first part of this paper is a description of international research work already undertaken into urban goods movement from 1970 to 1977. The second part gives a brief description of the factors and methods required for a tentative goods movement model, and presents preliminary results of analysis of data collected during the Second Christchurch Transportation Study.
Adaptive sub-carriers control scheme for OFDM cellular systems (2002)

This paper proposes a control scheme that can achieve high bit rate transmission and high system capacity in the OFDM cellular system. The proposed system controls a transmitting rate of each user by selecting the number of available OFDM sub-carriers according to the traffic conditions adaptively. When the traffic is low, the proposed system can achieve high bit rate transmission with larger number of sub-carriers. On the other hand, when traffic is high, the proposed system can prevent service quality degradation due to interference among users by using fewer sub-carriers and conducting TDM transmission. Computer simulation confirms that the proposed system can achieve high capacity without degrading service quality.
Deflation in multiblock PLS (2001)

Abstract This paper describes some of the deflation problems in multiblock PLS. Deflation of X using block scores leads to inferior prediction of Y . Deflation of X using super scores gives the same predictions as standard PLS with all variables in one large X ‐block, but the information of the separate blocks gets mixed up owing to the deflation of X . If Y is deflated using the super score instead, these problems disappear. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Therapeutic potential of the SARMs: revisiting the androgen receptor for drug discovery (2006)

Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMS) bind to the androgen receptor and demonstrate anabolic activity in a variety of tissues; however, unlike testosterone and other anabolic steroids, these nonsteroidal agents are able to induce bone and muscle growth, as well as shrinking the prostate. The potential of SARMS is to maximise the positive attributes of steroidal androgens as well as minimising negative effects, thus providing therapeutic opportunities in a variety of diseases, including muscle wasting associated with burns, cancer, end-stage renal disease, osteoporosis, frailty and hypogonadism. This review summarises androgen physiology, the current status of the R&D of SARMS and potential therapeutic indications for this emerging class of drugs.
Fumagillin Reduces Adipose Tissue Formation in Murine Models of Nutritionally Induced Obesity (2010)

The effect of fumagillin (a methionine aminopeptidase-type 2 (Met-AP2) inhibitor, with antiangiogenic properties) was investigated in murine models of diet-induced obesity. Eleven-week-old male C57Bl/6 mice (group 1) were given fumagillin by oral gavage at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day during 4 weeks while fed a high-fat diet (HFD) (20.1 kJ/g), and control mice (group 2) received solvent and were pair-fed. At the end of the experiment, body weights in group 1 were significantly lower as compared to group 2 (P < 0.0005). The subcutaneous (SC) and gonadal (GON) fat mass was also significantly lower in group 1 (P < 0.005 and P < 0.05, respectively). Adipocytes were smaller in adipose tissues of mice in group 1, associated with higher adipocyte density. Blood vessel density normalized to adipocyte density was lower in group 1 adipose tissues. However, in mice with established obesity monitored to maintain the same body weight and fat mass as controls, short-term fumagillin administration was also associated with adipocyte hypotrophy (P = 0.01) without affecting blood vessel size or density. Thus, treatment with fumagillin impaired diet-induced obesity in mice, associated with adipocyte hypotrophy but without marked effect on adipose tissue angiogenesis.
Optimizing INFORMIX applications (1995)

Acknowledgments. 1. About This Book. Intended Audience Benefits of Using This Book. How to Use This Book. How to Use the Examples. Setting Up An Optimization Test Environment. Steps to follow before testing. Steps to follow during testing. Steps to follow after testing. 2. Creating a Well-Designed Database. Introduction. Relational Database Design Concepts. Normalization. When not to normalize Constraints. Indexing Strategies. Introduction. Primary keys. Filter columns. Join columns. Unique versus non-unique. Character versus numeric. Composite index issues. Avoiding highly duplicate indexes. Clustered indexes. Sort columns. Excess indexing. Index fill factor. Index location. Differences in Database Design between OnLine and SE. Introduction. BLOBs. VARCHAR. Rowid. Understanding the Informix Optimizer. Introduction. What is an optimizer? Optimizer features and algorithms. Optimizer diagnostics. Update statistics. Programming considerations. 3. Optimizing Application Code. Introduction. SQL Tips. Numeric versus non-numeric joins and filters. Substring searches. Temporary tables. Subqueries. Cost of views. Using math inside SQL Unions. Sorting General Tips. Transactions. Error checking. Cursors. Reducing traffic between client process and server process. Concurrency. Miscellaneous tips. SQL Specific Tips. General language tips. Forms tips. Report writer tips. ESQL/C Specific Tips. Memory management. Informix string-handling functions. Dynamic SQL. Dynamic SQL without system descriptor area or SQLDA. Process control. Compilation hints. Stored procedures, triggers, and cascading deletes. Stored procedures. Client/Server Security. Triggers. Cascading deletes. Distributed system considerations. Assessing your network's capabilities. Minimizing network traffic. Tuning your network. 4. The Informix Engines. Introduction. Standard Engine. Specific Tips. Defragmenting database files. Transaction log. Moving tables to other devices. When to move to OnLine. Online Specific Tips. Conventions. Disk configuration. Shared memory configuration. Virtual processor configuration. Logging. Key-only reads. Setting SQL turbo priority. Parallel archiving and restoring. Advanced user monitoring. Data fragmentation and PDQ. Introduction. Fragmentation. How is fragmentation implemented? PDQ. 5. Case Studies. Introduction. Case study 1. Case study 2. Case study 3. Case study 4. Case study 5. Index.
Artistic QR Code Embellishment (2013)

Abstract A QR code is a two‐dimensional barcode that encodes information. A standard QR code contains only regular black and white squares, and thus is unattractive. This paper proposes a novel framework for embellishing a standard QR code, to make it both attractive and recognizable by any human while maintaining its scanability. The proposed method is inspired by artistic methods. A QR code is typically embellished by stylizing the squares and embedding images into it. In the proposed framework, the regular squares are reshaped using a binary examplar, to make their local appearances resemble the example shape. Additionally, an error‐aware warping technique for deforming the embedded image is proposed; it minimizes the error in the QR code that is generated by the embedding of the image to optimize the readability of the code. The proposed algorithm yields lower data error than previous global transformation techniques because the warping can locally deform the embedded image to conform to the squares that surround it. The proposed framework was examined by using it to embellish an extensive set of QR codes and to test the readability with various commercial QR code readers.
Use of the Saxon Test as a Measure of Saliva Production in a Reference Population of Schoolchildren (1990)

The Saxon test, a simple, reproducible, and low-cost technique to test for xerostomia in adults was applied to 347 schoolchildren who were free from any known disease. The values in children differed significantly from the values in adults and increased slightly with age. The test can easily be performed on samples kept for 8 days at 4 degrees C or at room temperature.
Comparison of amino acid sequence of bovine coagulation Factor IX (Christmas Factor) with that of other vitamin K-dependent plasma proteins. (1979)

The amino acid sequence of bovine blood coagulation Factor IX (Christmas Factor) is presented and compared with the sequences of other vitamin K-dependent plasma proteins and pancreatic trypsinogen. The 416-residue sequence of Factor IX was determined largely by automated Edman degradation of two large segments, containing 181 and 235 residues, isolated after activating Factor IX with a protease from Russell's viper venom. Subfragments of the two segments were produced by enzymatic digestion and by chemical cleavage of methionyl, tryptophyl, and asparaginyl-glycyl bonds. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of Factor IX, Factor X, and Protein C demonstrates that they are homologous throughout. Their homology with prothrombin, however, is restricted to the amino-terminal region, which is rich in gamma-carboxyglutamic acid, and the carboxyl-terminal region, which represents the catalytic domain of these proteins and corresponds to that of pancreatic serine proteases.