gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High capacity double-layer surface modified Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2 cathode with improved rate capability (2009)

Layered Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2, which is a solid solution between layered Li[Li1/3Mn2/3]O2 and Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3]O2, has been surface modified by single-layer coating with 2–5 wt.% AlPO4, CoPO4, and Al2O3 and double-layer coating with 2 wt.% AlPO4 or 2 wt.% CoPO4 inner layer and 2–3.5 wt.% Al2O3 outer layer. The samples have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical measurements in lithium cells. The double-layer coated samples are found to exhibit lower irreversible capacity loss (Cirr) and higher discharge capacity values than both the pristine and the single-layer coated samples, which are due to the retention of a higher number of oxide ion vacancies in the layered lattice after the first charge. The double-layer coated composite cathodes exhibit Cirr values as low as 26 mAh g−1 with a high discharge capacity of ∼300 mAh g−1, which is two times higher than that achieved with layered LiCoO2. Moreover, the double-layer coated samples exhibit higher rate capabilities than the pristine and single-layer coated samples, which are attributed to the suppression of undesired SEI layers and the fast charge transfer reaction kinetics as indicated by the EIS data.
Template-Engaged Replacement Reaction:  A One-Step Approach to the Large-Scale Synthesis of Metal Nanostructures with Hollow Interiors (2002)

This paper describes a general approach that generates nanoscale hollow structures of metals by reacting solutions of appropriate salt solutions with solid templates of a more reactive metal. Typical examples include Au3+, Pt2+, and Pd2+ salts and nanoparticles or nanowires of silver. The morphology, void space, and wall thickness of these hollow structures are all determined by the solid templates, which are completely converted into soluble species during the replacement reaction. Both electron microscopy and diffraction studies indicate that single crystalline hollow structures of metals can also be obtained when the templates are single crystals. These metallic hollow structures, having well-controlled sizes and shapes, are expected to find use in a number of applications that involve nanoscale encapsulation, drug delivery, plasmon photonics, and calorimetric sensing.
Expression from the adeno-associated virus p5 and p19 promoters is negatively regulated in trans by the rep protein (1989)

The leftward two promoters of the adeno-associated virus (AAV) 2 genome were fused to reporter genes, and the constructs were used to transfect HeLa cells. The promoters functioned constitutively but were repressed in trans by the AAV rep gene product(s). The repression was relieved by adenovirus infection. Evidence which indicated an enhancer function for the inverted terminal repeat of the AAV-2 genome was also obtained.
Matrix metalloproteinase 1, 3 and 12 polymorphisms and esophageal adenocarcinoma risk and prognosis (2009)

The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family degrade extracellular matrix and mediate pathways including apoptosis, angiogenesis and immunity. We studied the association between four MMP polymorphisms within three MMP genes and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) risk and prognosis. A total of 313 EA cases and 455 age and gender frequency-matched controls were genotyped for MMP1 1G/2G, MMP3 6A/5A, MMP12 -82A/G and MMP12 1082A/G. The association between individual MMP polymorphisms and EA risk was evaluated using regression models and adjusted for age, gender, adult body mass index and smoking status. Haplotype analysis was performed to investigate the combined effect of all four linked MMP polymorphisms and EA risk. The MMP1 and MMP3 polymorphisms were associated with increased EA risk: MMP1 1G/2G and 2G/2G had adjusted odds ratios of 1.46 [95% confidence interval 1.0-2.1; P = 0.04] and adjusted odds ratio 1.83 (1.2-2.8; P = 0.005), respectively, whereas MMP3 6A/5A had adjusted odds ratio 1.40 (95% confidence interval 1.0-2.1; P = 0.09) and MMP3 5A/5A had 1.61 (95% confidence interval 1.0-2.5; P = 0.03). Two MMP haplotypes [MMP1-MMP3-MMP12 (-82) 2G-5A-A (adjusted odds ratio 1.36, 95% confidence interval 1.0-1.8; P = 0.03) and 2G-5A-G (adjusted odds ratio 1.70, 95% confidence interval 1.1-2.6; P = 0.01)] were also associated with increased EA risk. The relationship between BE cases with the same set of controls was similar. No association was identified between the MMP polymorphisms and overall survival or progression free survival of patients with EA. MMP1, MMP3 and possibly MMP12 -82A/G polymorphisms and their haplotypes are associated with increased EA risk.
Doppler Winds Lidar Technology Development and Demonstration (2005)

High resolution (both spatial and temporal) and accurate tropospheric wind profiling from spaceborne platforms has been one of the most wanted capability by both DOD and civilian user communities to support weather forecasting, national defense and homeland security applications. This capability is still only a dream after decades of research and development due to a variety of reasons. With the recent rapid advancement of diode-pumped solid-state lasers and advanced detectors, space-based Doppler winds lidar missions are much more feasible and promising than ever before. In this paper, we will first discuss the strong needs for space- based Doppler winds lidar. We will then present a brief overview of the GroundWinds and BalloonWinds projects in Section II and III, which are intended as direct detection Doppler wind lidar (D3WL) technology development and demonstration test-bed sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). In Section IV, we will discuss the design and fabrication of a high energy laser transmitter prototype for space-based Doppler winds lidar supported by Raytheon's internal research and development (IRAD) program. This laser transmitter prototype is intended to enhance the technology readiness level (TRL) and reduce the risk of future space-based Doppler winds lidar development.
Probabilistic methods in spoken–dialogue systems (2000)

This paper presents a probabilistic framework for modelling spoken–dialogue systems. On the assumption that the overall system behaviour can be represented as a Markov decision process, the optimization of dialogue–management strategy using reinforcement learning is reviewed. Examples of learning behaviour are presented for both dynamic programming and sampling methods, but the latter are preferred. The paper concludes by noting the importance of user simulation models for the practical application of these techniques and the need for developing methods of mapping system features in order to achieve sufficiently compact state spaces.
Local and spatial factors determining HIV-1 protease substrate recognition (2001)

Insertional mutagenesis of the Escherichia coli thymidylate synthase (TS) was used to address substrate recognition of HIV-1 protease in a well characterized structural context. By modifying the TS conformation while maintaining its enzymic activity, we investigated the influence of protein folding on protease–substrate recognition. A slight destabilization of the TS structure permitted the cleavage of a target site, which was resistant in the native TS. This result supports a dynamic interpretation of HIV-1 protease specificity. Exposure time of the potential cleavage site, which depends on the stability of the global conformation, must be compatible with the cleavage kinetics, which are determined by the local sequence. Cleavage specificity has been described as the consequence of cumulative interactions, globally favourable, between at least six amino acids around the cleavage site. To investigate influence of local sequence, we introduced insertions of variable lengths in two exposed loops of the TS. In both environments, insertion of only two amino acids could determine specific cleavage. We then inserted libraries of dipeptides naturally cleaved by the HIV-1 protease in order to assess the limitations of established classifications of substrates in different conformational contexts.
Safety, tolerability, efficacy and pharmacodynamics of the selective JAK1 inhibitor GSK2586184 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (2016)

We aimed to evaluate the pharmacodynamics, efficacy, safety and tolerability of the JAK1 inhibitor GSK2586184 in adults with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this adaptive, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, patients received oral GSK2586184 50-400 mg, or placebo twice daily for 12 weeks. Primary endpoints included interferon-mediated messenger RNA transcription over time, changes in Safety of Estrogen in Lupus National Assessment-SLE Disease Activity Index score, and number/severity of adverse events. A pre-specified interim analysis was performed when ≥ 5 patients per group completed 2 weeks of treatment. In total, 84-92% of patients were high baseline expressors of the interferon transcriptional biomarkers evaluated. At interim analysis, GSK2586184 showed no significant effect on mean interferon transcriptional biomarker expression (all panels). The study was declared futile and recruitment was halted at 50 patients. Shortly thereafter, significant safety data were identified, including elevated liver enzymes in six patients (one confirmed and one suspected case of Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms), leading to immediate dosing cessation. Safety of Estrogen in Lupus National Assessment-SLE Disease Activity Index scores were not analysed due to the small number of patients completing the study. The study futility and safety data described for GSK2586184 do not support further evaluation in patients with SLE. Study identifiers: GSK Study JAK115919; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01777256.
Escherichia coli K12 arabinose‐binding protein mutants with altered transport properties (1992)

The arabinose-binding protein (ABP) of Escherichia coli binds L-arabinose in the periplasm and delivers it to a cytoplasmic membrane complex consisting of the AraG and AraH proteins, for uptake into the cell. To study the interaction between the soluble and membrane components of this periplasmic transport system, regions of the ABP surface containing the opening of the arabinose-binding cleft were subjected to site-directed mutagenesis. Thirty-eight ABP variants containing one to three amino acid substitutions were recovered. ABP variants were expressed with wild-type AraG and AraH from a plasmid, in a strain lacking the chromosomal araFGH operon, and the whole cell uptake parameters, Ven (maximum initial velocity of arabinose entry) and K(en) (concentration of arabinose yielding half-maximal entry) were determined. Twenty-four mutants had normal Ven values, 3 mutants had Ven and K(en) values twice wild type, and 11 mutants had Ven and K(en) values 20-50% of wild type. Binding proteins that had altered uptake properties were each expressed, processed, and localized to the periplasm at levels equivalent to wild type. The mutant binding proteins behaved the same as wild type during purification, and each had a Kd (dissociation constant for bound arabinose) comparable to that of wild-type ABP. Mutations that resulted in altered uptake identified nine amino acids surrounding the arabinose-binding cleft, all of which are charged in the wild-type protein, and all of whose side chains project outward from the cleft. The evidence suggests that this surface of the binding protein and these nine charged loci play a major role in ABP interactions with the membrane complex.
Scheduling of dependent tasks application using random search technique (2014)

Since beginning of Grid computing, scheduling of dependent tasks application has attracted attention of researchers due to NP-Complete nature of it. In Grid environment, scheduling is deciding about assignment of tasks to available resources. Scheduling in Grid is challenging when the tasks have dependencies and resources are heterogeneous. The main objective in scheduling of dependent tasks is minimizing make-span. Due to NP-complete nature of scheduling problem, exact solutions cannot generate schedule efficiently. Therefore, researchers apply heuristic or random search techniques to get optimal or near to optimal solution of such problems. In this paper, we show how Genetic Algorithm can be used to solve dependent task scheduling problem. We describe how initial population can be generated using random assignment and height based approach. We also present design of crossover and mutation operators to enable scheduling of dependent tasks application without violating dependency constraints. For implementation of GA based scheduling, we explore and analyze SimGrid and GridSim simulation toolkits. From results, we found that SimGrid is suitable, as it has support of SimDag API for DAG applications. We found that GA based approach can generate schedule for dependent tasks application in reasonable time while trying to minimize make-span.
Chemical Synthesis and Biological Studies on Mutated Gene-control Regions (1983)

Many biochemically important processes are dependent on the interaction of various proteins with defined sequences of DNA. Some examples are replication, transcription, certain forms of recombination, positive and negative control of gene expression, and host restriction-modification enzymes. However, the mechanisms whereby these proteins recognize and bind to unique polynucleotide sequences are poorly understood. A major emphasis of our research is to understand these recognition processes. Our approach is to manipulate and modify specifically a gene-control region by chemical synthesis and then to study how these sequence-altered DNAs interact with the appropriate proteins. In the past, our research has focused on the lac repressor-lac operator (Caruthers 1980) and the cI repressor-λ operator (Kawashima et al. 1977) systems. Currently, we are also examining the interaction of SV40 T antigen, Escherichia coli RNA polymerase, cAMP receptor protein (CRP), and cro repressor with appropriate gene-control regions. In this paper we outline our recent results...
Nitric oxide production by tumor targets in response to TNF: paradoxical correlation with susceptibility to TNF-mediated cytotoxicity without direct involvement in the cytotoxic mechanism (1992)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is selectively cytotoxic for some tumor cells in vivo and in vitro. We determined whether TNF-mediated cytotoxicity for TNF-sensitive tumor targets was related to TNF-stimulated production of NO by the tumor cell itself. We found that a cell line that was sensitive to TNF-mediated cytotoxicity produced NO in response to TNF as measured by the accumulation of nitrite in the supernatants of TNF-stimulated cells. Production of NO in response to TNF was inhibited by the competitive substrate inhibitor, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMMA). The kinetics of NO production in response to TNF indicated that most of the NO was produced during the first 24 h and peaked after 48 h of culture and that TNF-stimulated NO production was dose dependent. TNF-resistant cell lines produced less NO than a TNF-sensitive cell line, and the amount of nitrite produced correlated with the relative sensitivity of each cell line to TNF-mediated cytotoxicity. In addition, recombinant interferon-gamma augmented the amount of NO produced in response to TNF by both sensitive and resistant cells and correspondingly enhanced the susceptibility of resistant cells to TNF cytotoxicity. Both sensitive and resistant cells were sensitive to NO, however, in that NO generated exogenously by culture in the presence of sodium nitroprusside was cytotoxic for both sensitive and resistant cells in a dose-dependent manner. We were unable, however, to demonstrate directly a role for NO in TNF-mediated cytotoxicity as NMMA- and arginine-free media provided little protection from TNF-mediated cytotoxicity. We tentatively conclude that the ability of adherent murine tumor cells to produce nitric oxide in response to TNF correlates directly with their level of sensitivity to TNF-mediated cytotoxicity, although NO thus produced appears not to be directly involved in the cytotoxic mechanism.
Catalytic Hydrogenolysis at Low Temperature and Pressure of Polyethylene and Polypropylene to Diesels or Lower Alkanes by a Zirconium Hydride Supported on Silica-Alumina: A Step Toward Polyolefin Degradation by the Microscopic Reverse of Ziegler-Natta Polymerization (1998)

Cleavage and polymerization with the same catalyst: The catalyst system named in the title, which cleaves polyethylene and polypropylene under a hydrogen atmosphere, is also capable of polymerizing ethylene or propylene. This shows the close relationship between olefin insertion and β-alkyl elimination [Eq. (a), (P)=polymer chain(P)].
Selecting tests and identifying test coverage requirements for modified software (1994)

Article Selecting tests and identifying test coverage requirements for modified software Share on Authors: Gregg Rothermel Department of Computer Science, Clemson University, Clemson, SC Department of Computer Science, Clemson University, Clemson, SCView Profile , Mary Jean Harrold Department of Computer Science, Clemson University, Clemson, SC Department of Computer Science, Clemson University, Clemson, SCView Profile Authors Info & Claims ISSTA '94: Proceedings of the 1994 ACM SIGSOFT international symposium on Software testing and analysisAugust 1994 Pages 169–184https://doi.org/10.1145/186258.187171Online:01 August 1994Publication History 82citation929DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations82Total Downloads929Last 12 Months32Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Site-specific alteration of murine hepatitis virus type 4 peplomer glycoprotein E2 results in reduced neurovirulence (1986)

Strains of the murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus type 4 (MHV-4) which contained a mutation in the E2 peplomer glycoprotein were obtained by selection for resistance to neutralization by monoclonal antibodies. Characterization of six variants representing two independent epitopes on E2, E2B and E2C, by in vitro neutralization and antibody-binding assays demonstrated that selection for an alteration in epitope E2B also resulted in changes in epitope E2C and vice versa. We observed a mutation frequency of approximately 10(-4.3) to 10(-4.6), which is consistent with the expected occurrence of single point mutations. The variant virus strains were attenuated with respect to neurovirulence when compared with wild-type MHV-4. Mice normally develop encephalomyelitis and die after wild-type MHV-4 infection. Mice receiving 2- to 3-log-higher doses of the variant strains survived and developed demyelinating disease. As the disease progressed, evidence of remyelination and ongoing demyelination was observed up to 65 days after infection. Virus reisolated 15 days after infection retained the variant phenotype. The data indicate that the E2 glycoprotein plays a central role in determining the cellular tropism and virulence of MHV-4 in the mouse.
Colloidal Dispersions: Suspensions, Emulsions, and Foams (2002)

Preface. Acknowledgements. Introduction. 1. Optical Properties: Light Scattering. 2. Rheology. 3. Kinetic and Statistical Properties. 4. Particle Sizing. 5. Processing Methods for Making Emulsions and Suspensions. 6. Liquid Surfaces and Interfaces. 7. Liquid/Solid Interfaces. 8. Theories of Surface and Interfacial Energies. 9. Experimental Methods of Capillarity. 10. Wetting of Irregular Surfaces. 11. Surface--Active Solutes. 12. Physical Properties of Insoluble Monolayers. 13. Aqueous Solutions of Surface--Active Solutes. 14. Surface Activity in Nonpolar Media. 15. Thermodynamics of Adsorption from Solution. 16. The Relation of Capillarity to Phase Diagrams. 17. Electrical Charges in Dispersions. 18. Forces of Attraction Between Particles. 19. Forces of Repulsion. 20. Dispersion Stability. 21. Polymeric Stabilization. 22. Emulsions. 23. Foams. 24. Technology of Suspensions. 25. Special Systems. Appendices. Bibliography. Index.
Serologic diagnosis of human monocytic ehrlichiosis by immunoblot analysis (1994)

Human monocytic ehrlichiosis is caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis, an intracellular bacterium probably transmitted by the tick Amblyomma americanum in the United States. Despite its lack of specificity in discriminating among infections by closely related Ehrlichia spp., immunofluorescence assay (IFA) is the most frequently used serological diagnostic method. To improve the specificity of the serological diagnosis, we compared antigenic profile of E. canis and E. chaffeensis antigen with homologous and heterologous sera, searching for the specificity of the presence of low-molecular-weight proteins. Western immunoblot analysis of IFA-positive human sera revealed 27- and 29-kDa proteins which are not found in E. canis IFA-positive sera from dogs. IFA-positive sera from dogs revealed a low-molecular-weight group of proteins (20 to 28 kDa) which were not found in human E. chaffeensis-positive sera except for a weak band at 22 kDa. The presence o antibodies directed against the 27- and 29-kDa proteins on Western blots is specific for E. chaffeensis infection, and we suggest that the Western blot might complete IFA in cases with low positive predictive value.
Deep Complex Networks (2017)

At present, the vast majority of building blocks, techniques, and architectures for deep learning are based on real-valued operations and representations. However, recent work on recurrent neural networks and older fundamental theoretical analysis suggests that complex numbers could have a richer representational capacity and could also facilitate noise-robust memory retrieval mechanisms. Despite their attractive properties and potential for opening up entirely new neural architectures, complex-valued deep neural networks have been marginalized due to the absence of the building blocks required to design such models. In this work, we provide the key atomic components for complex-valued deep neural networks and apply them to convolutional feed-forward networks and convolutional LSTMs. More precisely, we rely on complex convolutions and present algorithms for complex batch-normalization, complex weight initialization strategies for complex-valued neural nets and we use them in experiments with end-to-end training schemes. We demonstrate that such complex-valued models are competitive with their real-valued counterparts. We test deep complex models on several computer vision tasks, on music transcription using the MusicNet dataset and on Speech Spectrum Prediction using the TIMIT dataset. We achieve state-of-the-art performance on these audio-related tasks.
Scanning acoustic microscopy visualizes cytomechanical responses to cytochalasin D (1987)

The reactions of XTH-2 cells (line derived from Xenopus laevis tadpole hearts) to cytochalasin D (CD) were followed using scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) at 0.9 GHz, fluorescence and electron microscopy. The first reaction to CD which can be detected by SAM is a loss of image contrast, indicating a decrease in acoustic impedance of about 30%. Based on structural changes revealed by staining of actin with TRITC-phalloidin, and taking theoretical considerations into account, a relationship between impedance decrease and tension in the actin fibrillar system is deduced.