gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of the actin cytoskeleton in angiotensin II signaling in human vascular smooth muscle cells (2005)

Angiotensin II (Ang II) regulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) function by activating signaling cascades that promote vasoconstriction, growth, and inflammation. Subcellular mechanisms coordinating these processes are unclear. In the present study, we questioned the role of the actin cytoskeleton in Ang II mediated signaling through mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in VSMCs. Human VSMCs were studied. Cells were exposed to Ang II (10-7 mol/L) in the absence and presence of cytochalasin B (10-6 mol/L, 60 min), which disrupts the actin cytoskeleton. Phosphorylation of p38MAP kinase, JNK, and ERK1/2 was assessed by immuno blotting. ROS generation was measured using the fluoroprobe chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (4 micromol/L). Interaction between the cytoskeleton and NADPH oxidase was determined by evaluating the presence of p47phox in the Triton X-100 insoluble membrane fraction. Ang II significantly increased phosphorylation of p38MAP kinase, JNK, and ERK1/2 (two- to threefold above control, p < 0.05). Cytochalasin B pretreatment attenuated p38MAP kinase and JNK effects (p < 0.05) without altering ERK1/2 phosphorylation. ROS formation, which was increased in Ang II stimulated cells, was significantly reduced by cytochalasin B (p < 0.01). p47phox, critically involved in NADPH oxidase activation, colocalized with the actin cytoskeleton in Ang II stimulated cells. Our data demonstrate that Ang II mediated ROS formation and activation of p38MAP kinase and JNK, but not ERK1/2, involves the actin cytoskeleton in VSMCs. In addition, Ang II promotes interaction between actin and p47phox. These data indicate that the cytoskeleton is involved in differential MAP kinase signaling and ROS generation by Ang II in VSMCs. Together, these studies suggest that the cytoskeleton may be a central point of crosstalk in growth- and redox-signaling pathways by Ang II, which may be important in the regulation of VSMC function.
The Role of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) in IL-15–Mediated T-Cell Responses (1997)

Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a potent T-cell stimulating factor, which has recently been used for pre-clinical in vivo immunotherapy. Here, the IL-15 effect on CD3-stimulated peripheral human T cells was investigated. IL-15 induced a significant T-cell proliferation and upregulated CD25 expression. IL-15 significantly enhanced T-cell production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and IL-10. Between 10- and 100-fold greater concentrations of IL-15 were necessary to reach a biological effect equivalent to that of IL-2. Blockade of IL-2 binding to the high-affinity IL-2 receptor did not affect the IL-15 effects, suggesting that IL-15 did not act by inducing endogenous IL-2. Exogenously administered IL-10 significantly reduced the IL-15 and IL-2-mediated IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha production, whereas T-cell proliferation and CD25 expression were not affected. The inhibitory effects of exogenously administered IL-10 on T-cell cytokine production appeared indirect, and are likely secondary to decreased IL-12 production by accessory cells. Inhibition of endogenous IL-10 binding to the IL-10 receptor significantly increased IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha release from T cells. These data suggest that endogenous IL-10 can regulate activated T-cell production of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha via a paracrine negative feedback loop. The observations of this study could be of relevance for the therapeutic use of IL-15 in vivo.
Parallel XTP-Implementation on transputers (1991)

High performance communication systems have to provide very high data rates of more than 100 Mbit/s to new applications such as multimedia applications. The bottleneck in communication systems is the protocol processing of the layers above media access control layer. Especially the transport and the network layer are very time consuming components of the protocol stack. To overcome this bottleneck light weight protocols such as XTP (Xpress Transfer Protocol) can be implemented on multiprocessor systems. XTP is a protocol with functionality of layers 3 and 4 and was designed for protocol processing in reliable high speed networks such as FDDI. XTP is based on several finite state machines to support an efficient implementation in VLSI. This paper presents a software implementation of XTP for a multiprocessor system. The implementation is based on these finite state machines, which are designed to run in parallel. The finite state machines are mapped onto processes, which can run in para...
Cardiovascular Autonomic Function Tests in Cluster Headache (2006)

While facial autonomic signs are prominent during cluster headache (CH) attacks, cardiovascular autonomic changes have been described in few CH patients. Cardiovascular autonomic function tests (AFT) can be used to assess general autonomic function in CH patients in different stages of the disease. We aimed to assess whether general autonomic function is changed in CH patients during a cluster period. AFT was performed both during a cluster period, but outside an actual attack, and outside a cluster period in 18 patients. Heart rate variability was studied at rest, during deep breathing, after standing up and during a Valsalva manoeuvre. Blood pressure (BP) changes were recorded at rest, during standing up and during sustained handgrip. Measurements during and outside the cluster period were compared using the paired t-test. AFT measurements revealed no significant differences between the two measurements, except for diastolic BP in rest, which was higher during the cluster period [80.3 (SD 12.2) vs. 74.8 (SD 9.0), P = 0.04]. Autonomic dysfunction during a cluster period, but outside an attack, does not include systemic cardiovascular control.
Primary central nervous system vasculitis presenting with intracranial hemorrhage (2011)

Our findings suggest that intracranial hemorrhage may not be an infrequent occurrence in early PCNSV. Necrotizing vasculitis may be a predominant histopathologic pattern.
High-Power, Low-Noise 1.5-μm Slab-Coupled Optical Waveguide (SCOW) Emitters: Physics, Devices, and Applications (2011)

We review the development of a new class of high-power, edge-emitting, semiconductor optical gain medium based on the slab-coupled optical waveguide (SCOW) concept. We restrict the scope to InP-based devices incorporating either InGaAsP or InGaAlAs quantum-well active regions and operating in the 1.5-μm-wavelength region. Key properties of the SCOW gain medium include large transverse optical mode dimensions (>;5 × 5 μm), ultralow optical confinement factor (Γ ~ 0.25-1%), and small internal loss coefficient (α <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> ~ 0.5 cm-1). These properties have enabled the realization of 1) packaged Watt-class semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) having low-noise figure (4-5 dB), 2) monolithic passively mode-locked lasers generating 0.25-W average output power, 3) external-cavity fiber-ring actively mode-locked lasers exhibiting residual timing jitter of <;10 fs (1Hz to Nyquist), and 4) single-frequency external-cavity lasers producing 0.37-W output power with Gaussian (Lorentzian) linewidth of 35 kHz (1.75 kHz) and relative intensity noise (RIN) <; -160 dB/Hz from 200 kHz to 10 GHz. We provide an overview the SCOW design principles, describe simulation results that quantify the performance limitations due to confinement factor, linear optical loss mechanisms, and nonlinear two-photon absorption (TPA) loss, and review the SCOW devices that have been demonstrated and applications that these devices are expected to enable.
[A research on serum, urine and tumor tissue hyaluronate assays for detecting malignant ovarian tumors]. (1995)

Hyaluronate contents were determined by radioimmunoassay in 91 samples of serum, 88 samples of urine and 32 samples of ovarian tumor tissue from patients with benign and malignant tumors and from healthy subjects. The mean serum hyaluronate level in patients with malignant ovarian tumors (mean, 155.99 micrograms/L, range, 20 to 680 micrograms/L) was significantly higher than that in patients with benign ovarian tumors (mean, 84.2 micrograms/L; range, 20 to 188 micrograms/L) and that in healthy subjects (mean, 57 micrograms/L; range, 2 to 110 micrograms/L). The mean urine hyaluronate level in the malignant group (mean, 307.83 micrograms/L; range 50 to 750 micrograms/L) also was significantly higher than that in the normal control group (mean, 146 micrograms/L; range, 40 to 242 micrograms/L). The results suggest that serum and urine hyaluronate determination in the detection of malignant ovarian tumors is of clinical value.
The Development of Seed Quality in Brassicas (1999)

Brassica crops have indeterminate growth and flower over an extended period of time. Harvested seed is therefore comprised of seed of varying degrees of physiological maturity and quality. Using population-based threshold models, broccoli ( Brassica oleracea L. Group Italica), brussels sprouts ( B. oleracea L. Group Gemmifera), red cabbage ( B. oleracea L. Group Capitata), and rapeseed ( B. napus L.) were characterized during seed development with respect to sensitivity to abiotic stress (reduced water potential) and shelf life. Using these models our data suggests that the physiological patterns of seed development are the same in all brassica crops we have tested to date. These population-based models can be used to provide a biological basis in which to evaluate cultural, postharvest and storage practices to ensure the production and maintenance of seed vigor.
The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I through VI (1988)

The concept of sun-reactive "skin typing" was created in 1975<sup>1</sup>for a specific need: to be able to classify persons<i>with white skin</i>in order to select the correct initial doses of ultraviolet A (UVA) (in joules per cubic centimeter) in the application of the then newly developed technique for the treatment of psoriasis—oral methoxsalen photochemotherapy (PUVA).<sup>2</sup>The need arose as a result of experience with several patients who were a "dark" phenotype (brown or even black hair, and some with brown eyes) but, to our surprise, developed severe phototoxic reactions following oral ingestion of 0.6 mg/kg of methoxsalen and then, two hours later, were exposed to 4 to 6 J/cm<sup>2</sup>. These initial doses were obviously too high, and it was then understood that the estimation of the white-skinned person's tolerance level to oral PUVA could not be based solely on the phenotype (hair and eye color).
Role of the basic domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 matrix in macrophage infection (1995)

The matrix domain of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag protein contains a highly basic region near its amino terminus. It has been proposed that this basic domain, in conjunction with the HIV-1 accessory protein Vpr, is responsible for the localization of the HIV-1 preintegration complex to the nucleus in nondividing cells. It has also been postulated that the matrix basic domain assists in the targeting of the HIV-1 Gag precursor Pr55Gag to the plasma membrane during virus assembly. To evaluate the role of this highly basic sequence during infection of primary human monocyte-derived macrophages, single- and double-amino-acid-substitution mutations were introduced, and the effects on virus particle production, Gag protein processing, envelope glycoprotein incorporation into virus particles, and virus infectivity in the CEM(12D-7) T-cell line, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and primary human monocyte-derived macrophages were analyzed. Although modest effects on virus particle production were observed with some of the mutants, none abolished infectivity in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages. In contrast with previously reported studies involving some of the same matrix basic domain mutants, infectivity in monocyte-derived macrophages was retained even when combined with a vpr mutation.
A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic comparison of Sinemet CR (50/200) and standard Sinemet (25/100). (1989)

Seventeen patients with advanced Parkinson's disease who had fluctuations in motor performance while taking standard Sinemet (STD) 25/100 underwent daylong pharmacokinetic and clinical observation studies while taking both STD and Sinemet CR, a new controlled-release formulation containing 50 mg carbidopa and 200 mg levodopa. During treatment with Sinemet CR, there was an increase in the interdose interval, a reduction in the number of medication doses taken each day, an increase in total "on" time, and a reduction in the number of "off" episodes. Total daily levodopa intake was greater with Sinemet CR, although the bioavailability of levodopa and carbidopa from the two preparations was equivalent. The variability in plasma levodopa levels was significantly less with Sinemet CR. The slower release of drug from Sinemet CR was reflected in a prolongation of the Tmax for levodopa and a prolongation of the interval from Tmax to the succeeding trough levodopa level. Clinically, peak antiparkinsonian effect occurred later and lasted longer with the CR preparation.
Neuroprotection in Transient Focal Brain Ischemia After Delayed Intravenous Administration of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Conjugated to a Blood-Brain Barrier Drug Targeting System (2001)

These studies demonstrate marked neuroprotection in focal, transient brain ischemia with a single, delayed intravenous injection of BDNF if the neurotrophin is conjugated to a BBB drug targeting system. The neuroprotection is long lasting and persists for at least 7 days after a 1-hour middle cerebral artery occlusion.
Synthesis of DOTA-Conjugated Multimeric [Tyr3]Octreotide Peptides via a Combination of Cu(I)-Catalyzed “Click” Cycloaddition and Thio Acid/Sulfonyl Azide “Sulfo-Click” Amidation and Their in Vivo Evaluation (2010)

Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of DOTA-conjugated monomeric, dimeric, and tetrameric [Tyr(3)]octreotide-based analogues as a tool for tumor imaging and/or radionuclide therapy. These compounds were synthesized using a Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition ("click" reaction) between peptidic azides and dendrimer-derived alkynes and a subsequent metal-free introduction of DOTA via the thio acid/sulfonyl azide amidation ("sulfo-click" reaction). In a competitive binding assay using rat pancreatic AR42J tumor cells, the monomeric [Tyr(3)]octreotide conjugate displayed the highest binding affinity (IC(50) = 1.32 nM) followed by dimeric [Tyr(3)]octreotide (2.45 nM), [DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]octreotide (2.45 nM), and tetrameric [Tyr(3)]octreotide (14.0 nM). Biodistribution studies with BALB/c nude mice with subcutaneous AR42J tumors showed that the (111)In-labeled monomeric [Tyr(3)]octreotide conjugate had the highest tumor uptake (42.3 +/- 2.8 %ID/g) at 2 h p.i., which was better than [(111)In-DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]octreotide (19.5 +/- 4.8 %ID/g). The (111)In-labeled dimeric [Tyr(3)]octreotide conjugate showed a long tumor retention (25.3 +/- 5.9 %ID/g at 2 h p.i. and 12.1 +/- 1.3 %ID/g at 24 h p.i.). These promising results can be exploited for therapeutic applications.
Hexamethylenebisacetamide selectively inhibits the proliferation of human and rat vascular smooth-muscle cells (1992)

Hexamethylenebisacetamide (HMBA) selectively and reversibly inhibited proliferation of human and rat vascular smooth-muscle cells (VSMCs) compared with endothelial cells, fibroblasts or lymphocytes. Half-maximal inhibition of VSMC proliferation occurred at 2-5 mM-HMBA, and at 30- greater than 50 mM for other cell types. HMBA also prevented de-differentiation, defined by the loss of smooth-muscle-specific myosin heavy chain, of primary rat VSMCs and caused partial re-differentiation of subcultured cells. Other inhibitors of ADP-ribosyltransferase were also selective inhibitors of VSMC proliferation.
Local therapy with soluble complement receptor 1 (sCR1) suppresses inflammation in rat mono-articular arthritis (1997)

Complement activation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of human rheumatoid arthritis. We sought to determine whether inhibition of complement (C) using sCR1 could influence the development and progression of antigen arthritis in the rat, a recognized model of human chronic synovitis. The effect of C inhibition, systemically and locally, on three different stages of disease was examined: (i) prophylaxis, (ii) treatment of established inflammation, and (iii) prevention of antigen-induced flares of disease. Arthritis was assessed by knee swelling and by histological examination. Our results show that intra-articular injection of sCR1 prior to disease onset reduced joint swelling and development of arthritis, whereas systemic administration was ineffective. Treatment of established arthritis with intraarticular sCR1 3 days after disease onset caused a transient reduction in swelling, but treatment 7 days after disease onset had no effect on disease. An intra-articular dose of sCR1 given at the time of disease flares had a small, yet significant effect on knee swelling. We conclude that complement activation is important in the initiation and maintenance of inflammation in antigen arthritis. The potent effect of local C inhibition suggests that C biosynthesis and activation within the joint contributes to inflammation in this model of arthritis.
Selective Cleavage of Human DNA: RecA-Assisted Restriction Endonuclease (RARE) Cleavage (1991)

Current methods for sequence-specific cleavage of large segments of DNA are severely limited because of the paucity of possible cleavage sites. A method is described whereby any Eco RI site can be targeted for specific cleavage. The technique is based on the ability of RecA protein from Escherichia coli to pair an oligonucleotide to its homologous sequence in duplex DNA and to form a three-stranded complex. This complex is protected from Eco RI methylase; after methylation and RecA protein removal, Eco RI restriction enzyme cleavage was limited to the site previously protected from methylation. When pairs of oligonucleotides are used, a specific fragment can be cleaved out of genomes. The method was tested on lambda phage, Escherichia coli, and human DNA. Fragments exceeding 500 kilobases in length and yields exceeding 80 percent could be obtained.
A 39-kDa protein on activated helper T cells binds CD40 and transduces the signal for cognate activation of B cells. (1992)

CD40 is a B-cell surface molecule that has been shown to induce B-cell growth upon ligation with monoclonal antibodies. This report shows that triggering via CD40 is essential for the activation of resting B cells by helper T cells (Th). A soluble fusion protein of CD40 and human immunoglobulin, CD40-Ig, inhibited the induction of B-cell cycle entry, proliferation, and differentiation by activated Th1 and Th2. The ligand for CD40 was identified as a 39-kDa membrane protein that was selectively expressed on activated Th. A monoclonal antibody specific for the 39-kDa protein inhibited CD40-Ig binding and also inhibited the activation of B cells by Th. These data indicate that the 39-kDa membrane protein expressed on activated Th is a binding protein for CD40 and functions to transduce the signal for Th-dependent B-cell activation.
Mechanism of thermal degradation of polyurethanes investigated by direct pyrolysis in the mass spectrometer (1980)

Abstract Direct pyrolysis in the mass spectrometer (MS) yielded unequivocal evidence regarding the mechanism of thermal decomposition of N ‐monosubstituted and N ‐disubstituted polyurethanes. It was ascertained that direct pyrolysis in the MS detects the primary thermal fragments that originate from polyurethane pyrolysis. This is particularly useful when, as in the thermal decomposition illustrated in eq. (1), it is necessary to distinguish between primary and secondary thermal fragments in order to assess the thermal degradation mechanism. Our results indicate that N ‐monosubstituted polyurethane V undergoes a quantitative depolycondensation process. Instead, the thermal decomposition of the N ‐disubstituted polyurethane VI which occurs selectively in eq. (1) is demonstrated by the detection of thermal fragments that contain secondary amine and olefinic end groups. Finally, polyurethane VI shows a higher thermal stability with respect to polymer V because of the absence of the depolycondensation process, which accounts for the thermal degradation of the N ‐monosubstituted polyurethane V.
FREQUENCY ADDRESSABLE ACOUSTIC COLLECTION, SEPARATION AND MIXING IN A PZT DRIVEN GLASS CAPILLARY MICROFLUIDIC ACTUATOR (2010)

A PZT/glass capillary actuator for the manipulation of micro and nanoparticles and biological entities suspended in a microfluidic medium is presented. The PZT/glass capillary resonator enables bioanalytical capabilities such as collection, separation and mixing of analytes – which require different actuation mechanisms- on a single PZT/glass capillary platform at low voltage drives (1-20Vpp). Actuator mechanism presented here, enables production of cost efficient, battery operated, portable diagnostic tools and point-of-care devices. Use of acoustic impedance as a distinguishing quantity eliminates the dependence on the electrolytic, pH or magnetic parameters imposed by other manipulation mechanisms.
AT1 and glutamatergic receptors in paraventricular nucleus support blood pressure during water deprivation (2006)

Water deprivation activates sympathoexcitatory neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN); however, the neurotransmitters that mediate this activation are unknown. To test the hypothesis that ANG II and glutamate are involved, effects on blood pressure (BP) of bilateral PVN microinjections of ANG II type 1 receptor (AT1R) antagonists, candesartan and valsartan, or the ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonist, kynurenate, were determined in urethane-anesthetized water-deprived and water-replete male rats. Because PVN may activate sympathetic neurons via the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and because PVN disinhibition increases sympathetic activity in part via increased drive of AT1R in the RVLM, candesartan was also bilaterally microinjected into the RVLM. Total blockade of the PVN with bilateral microinjections of muscimol, a GABA(A) agonist, decreased BP more (P < 0.05) in water-deprived (-29 +/- 8 mmHg) than in water-replete (-7 +/- 2 mmHg) rats, verifying that the PVN is required for BP maintenance during water deprivation. PVN candesartan slowly lowered BP by 7 +/- 1 mmHg (P < 0.05). In water-replete rats, however, candesartan did not alter BP (1 +/- 1 mmHg). Valsartan also produced a slowly developing decrease in arterial pressure (-6 +/- 1 mmHg; P < 0.05) in water-deprived but not in water-replete (-1 +/- 1 mmHg) rats. In water-deprived rats, PVN kynurenate rapidly decreased BP (-19 +/- 3 mmHg), and the response was greater (P < 0.05) than in water-replete rats (-4 +/- 1 mmHg). Finally, as in PVN, candesartan in RVLM slowly decreased BP in water-deprived (-8 +/- 1 mmHg; P < 0.05) but not in water-replete (-3 +/- 1 mmHg) rats. These data suggest that activation of AT(1) and glutamate receptors in PVN, as well as of AT1R in RVLM, contributes to BP maintenance during water deprivation.
Conformation of 3′-Substituted 2′,3′-Dideoxyribonucleosides in Aqueous Solution; Nucleoside Analogues with Potential Antiviral Activity (1991)

Abstract Conformation of several 3′-substituted 2′,3′-di-deoxyribonucleosides has been studied by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy in 2H2O.