gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Container-based network function virtualization for software-defined networks (2015)

Today's enterprise networks almost ubiquitously deploy middlebox services to improve in-network security and performance. Although virtualization of middleboxes attracts a significant attention, studies show that such implementations are still proprietary and deployed in a static manner at the boundaries of organisations, hindering open innovation. In this paper, we present an open framework to create, deploy and manage virtual network functions (NF)s in OpenFlow-enabled networks. We exploit container-based NFs to achieve low performance overhead, fast deployment and high reusability missing from today's NFV deployments. Through an SDN northbound API, NFs can be instantiated, traffic can be steered through the desired policy chain and applications can raise notifications. We demonstrate the systems operation through the development of exemplar NFs from common Operating System utility binaries, and we show that container-based NFV improves function instantiation time by up to 68% over existing hypervisor-based alternatives, and scales to one hundred co-located NFs while incurring sub-millisecond latency.
A chemical assay for saxitoxin. Improvements and modifications (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA chemical assay for saxitoxin. Improvements and modificationsHans A. Bates, Richard Kostriken, and Henry RapoportCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1978, 26, 1, 252–254Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60215a060https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60215a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views235Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reviews of the progress of Dairy Science: Mastitis control – progress and prospects (1984)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Immunization against NaturalHelicobacter pyloriInfection in Nonhuman Primates (1998)

Helicobacter pylori infection is widespread in some breeding groups of a rhesus monkey colony (71% H. pylori positive by 1 year), and the rate of seroconversion is also high. As a result, these groups can be used to test the safety and efficacy of an anti-H. pylori vaccine. Nine-month-old female animals were randomized to receive either 8 mg of recombinant urease (rUre) plus 25 microg of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) (n = 26) or placebo plus LT (n = 29), given four times at 1-week intervals followed by a booster 1 month later. Ten months after the start of the immunization, the animals were subjected to endoscopy and biopsy samples were obtained. H. pylori negativity was defined as no H. pylori growth by culture and no H. pylori observed at histology. By this criterion, 2 (7%) of 29 animals receiving placebo and 8 (31%) of 26 immunized animals were H. pylori negative (P < 0.035). In addition, antral gastritis score was significantly less in H. pylori-negative immunized monkeys than in H. pylori-positive animals, whether they were given rUre plus LT or placebo plus LT (P < 0.02 or P < 0.01, respectively). Interestingly, antral gastritis was also significantly less in H. pylori-positive animals given rUre plus LT than in H. pylori-positive animals given placebo plus LT (P < 0.02). However, quantitative cultures did not demonstrate significant differences between the two latter groups. It is concluded that oral administration of rUre vaccine plus LT significantly protects nonhuman primates against H. pylori infection while not causing undesirable side effects.
Paper-Based Microfluidic Devices by Plasma Treatment (2008)

Paper-based microfluidic patterns have been demonstrated in recent literature to have a significant potential in developing low-cost analytical devices for telemedicine and general health monitoring. This study reports a new method for making microfluidic patterns on a paper surface using plasma treatment. Paper was first hydrophobized and then treated using plasma in conjunction with a mask. This formed well defined hydrophilic channels on the paper. Paper-based microfluidic systems produced in this way retained the flexibility of paper and a variety of patterns could be formed. A major advantage of this system is that simple functional elements such as switches and filters can be built into the patterns. Examples of these elements are given in this study.
Chemical and Physical Pathways for the Preparation of Superoleophobic Surfaces and Related Wetting Theories (2014)

International audience
Role of Acetylglutamate in Ureotelism (1971)

Abstract To elucidate the possible role of N-acetyl-l-glutamate known as the natural activator of the ammonia-dependent carbamyl phosphate synthetase in regulation of urea biosynthesis, studies were undertaken on mouse and rat. 1. Acetylglutamate was found to occur in livers of mouse and rat at a level of about 30 nmoles per g of tissue. Of the other abdominal organs of mouse tested, the compound was detected in the small intestine at a level of about 10 nmoles per g of tissue but practically none was found in kidney, spleen, and heart. It was further shown that the compound is localized in the mitochondrial fraction in liver cells. The intramitochondrial concentration of acetylglutamate is estimated to be of the order of 10-4 m, which is close to the activation constant of the carbamyl phosphate synthetase for the compound. The tissue distribution and the subcellular localization of acetylglutamate approximately coincide with those of the enzyme thus far reported. 2. The acetylglutamate content in mouse liver increased from 15 to 40 nmoles per g of tissue in response to the increment of dietary protein content from 0 to 60% and a positive correlation was observed between the changes in acetylglutamate and urea content in liver. 3. The biosynthesis of acetylglutamate in mouse and rat tissues was shown both in vivo and in vitro with [14C]glutamate or [14C]acetate as tracer. Combined use of Dowex 1 column chromatography and paper chromatography permitted a complete separation of acetyl[14C]glutamate from other radioactive products formed from the labeled precursors. The experiments in vivo on acetylglutamate synthesis in mouse liver showed that the compound is subject to metabolic turnover with a half-life of a few hours. In experiments in vitro the synthetic activity was shown in liver slices and sectioned small intestine but not in slices of kidney and spleen. Of the activity in liver homogenate, a major part was recovered in the mitochondrial fraction. The localization of the activity coincided with that of acetylglutamate as observed. 4. The mitochondrial synthesis of acetylglutamate required the presence of both glutamate and acetate (or pyruvate) as substrates. The apparent Km for glutamate was estimated to be 1 mm or less and the maximal synthetic rate obtained at a saturating concentration of glutamate was about 7 nmoles per g of tissue per hour. It is suggested that the intracellular concentration of glutamate may be a critical factor which can affect the tissue level of acetylglutamate. The results are consistent with and support the postulated role of acetylglutamate in the regulation of urea biosynthesis mediated through its activating effect on carbamyl phosphate synthetase.
Phase-Transfer Catalysis in the Ullmann Synthesis of Substituted Triphenylamines (1987)

A variety of substituted triphenylamine derivatives were prepared in nearly quantitative yields by the use of 18-crown-6 as a phase transfer catalyst under the Ullmann reaction conditions.
A Novel Approach of Direct Ex Vivo Epitope Mapping Identifies Dominant and Subdominant CD4 and CD8 T Cell Epitopes from Listeria monocytogenes (2001)

We used a novel approach for the direct ex vivo identification and characterization of T cell epitopes based on the screening of peptide spot libraries with freshly isolated splenocytes in a sensitive enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay. This technique was applied for the analysis of splenocytes from Listeria monocytogenes-infected BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. The screening of peptide spot libraries covering the whole listeriolysin O and p60 of L. monocytogenes confirmed all known CD4 and CD8 T cell epitopes of these proteins and additionally revealed six new H-2(d) and six new H-2(b)-restricted T cell epitopes. New epitopes were categorized into CD4 and CD8 T cell epitopes by ex vivo ELISPOT analysis with separated T cell populations. The quantitative analysis of cells reactive with these CD4 and CD8 T cell epitopes revealed the existence of dominant and subdominant CD4 and CD8 T cell populations during L. monocytogenes infection. As a consequence of these data we suggest that ELISPOT-based screening of peptide spot libraries could be a general approach for the rapid identification and characterization of pathogen-specific T cell populations during various infectious diseases.
LLT-PolyU: Identifying Sentiment Intensity in Ironic Tweets (2015)

In this paper, we describe the system we built for Task 11 of SemEval2015, which aims at identifying the sentiment intensity of figurative language in tweets. We use various features, including those specially concerned with the identification of irony and sarcasm. The features are evaluated through a decision tree regression model and a support vector regression model. The experiment result of the fivecross validation on the training data shows that the tree regression model outperforms the support vector regression model. The former is therefore used for the final evaluation of the task. The results show that our model performs especially well in predicting the sentiment intensity of tweets involving irony and sarcasm.
Antagonistic antibody prevents toll-like receptor 2–driven lethal shock-like syndromes (2004)

Hyperactivation of immune cells by bacterial products through toll-like receptors (TLRs) is thought of as a causative mechanism of septic shock pathology. Infections with Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria provide TLR2-specific agonists and are the major cause of severe sepsis. In order to intervene in TLR2-driven toxemia, we raised mAb's against the extracellular domain of TLR2. Surface plasmon resonance analysis showed direct and specific interaction of TLR2 and immunostimulatory lipopeptide, which was blocked by T2.5 in a dose-dependent manner. Application of mAb T2.5 inhibited cell activation in experimental murine models of infection. T2.5 also antagonized TLR2-specific activation of primary human macrophages. TLR2 surface expression by murine macrophages was surprisingly weak, while both intra- and extracellular expression increased upon systemic microbial challenge. Systemic application of T2.5 upon lipopeptide challenge inhibited release of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-alpha and prevented lethal shock-like syndrome in mice. Twenty milligrams per kilogram of T2.5 was sufficient to protect mice, and administration of 40 mg/kg of T2.5 was protective even 3 hours after the start of otherwise lethal challenge with Bacillus subtilis. These results indicate that epitope-specific binding of exogenous ligands precedes specific TLR signaling and suggest therapeutic application of a neutralizing anti-TLR2 antibody in acute infection.
Site-selective depurination by a periodate-dependent deoxyribozyme (2007)

A deoxyribozyme is identified that mediates the site-selective depurination of its 5'-terminal guanosine nucleotide using periodate (IO(4)-) as an obligatory cofactor.
[Cloning and nucleotide sequence determination of the aadB gene from a Salmonella oranienburg strain]. (1993)

Cloning and nucleotide sequence determination of the aadB gene and boundary DNA fragments from a high molecular weight plasmid of Salmonella oranienburg were performed. The data on the restriction mapping showed that the aadB gene was located within the integrone. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the cloned fragment revealed a high level conservative nature of the aadB gene and boundary DNA areas.
Role of the Distal sarA Promoters in SarA Expression in Staphylococcus aureus (2005)

The global regulatory locus sarA comprises a 375-bp open reading frame that is driven by three promoters, the proximal P1 and distal P3 and P2 promoters. We mutated the weaker P3 and P2 promoters to ascertain the effect of the change on SarA protein and target gene expression. Our results indicated that the solely active P1 promoter led to a lower SarA protein level, which has an effect on agr transcription and subsequently had corresponding effects on hla, sspA, and spa transcription, probably in both agr-independent and agr-dependent manners.
Novel Role for Glutathione S-Transferase π (2008)

Glutathione S-transferase Pi (GSTpi) is a marker protein in many cancers and high levels are linked to drug resistance, even when the selecting drug is not a substrate. S-Glutathionylation of proteins is critical to cellular stress response, but characteristics of the forward reaction are not known. Our results show that GSTpi potentiates S-glutathionylation reactions following oxidative and nitrosative stress in vitro and in vivo. Mutational analysis indicated that the catalytic activity of GST is required. GSTpi is itself redox-regulated. S-Glutathionylation on Cys47 and Cys101 autoregulates GSTpi, breaks ligand binding interactions with c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and causes GSTpi multimer formation, all critical to stress response. Catalysis of S-glutathionylation at low pK cysteines in proteins is a novel property for GSTpi and may be a cause for its abundance in tumors and cells resistant to a range of mechanistically unrelated anticancer drugs.
Mechanisms of Cell-surface Rerouting of an Endoplasmic Reticulum-retained Mutant of the Vasopressin V1b/V3 Receptor by a Pharmacological Chaperone (2005)

Cell-surface expression and biological functions of several intracellular-retained G protein-coupled receptors are restored by membrane-permeable ligands called pharmacological chaperones. We have previously demonstrated that a mutation of the hydrophobic motif 341FNX2LLX3L350 in the C terminus of the human pituitary vasopressin V3 receptor (MUT V3R) led to it being retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, we establish the precise role of this motif and investigate whether SSR149415, a non-peptide V3R antagonist, behaves as a pharmacological chaperone for the ER-retained MUT V3R. The absence of the mutated receptor in the plasma membrane is linked to its prolonged association with the molecular chaperone calnexin in the ER and to its intensive degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasomal machinery. However, this is not because of a lack of oligomerization, as demonstrated by the presence of MUT V3R homodimers in the ER. Treatment with SSR149415 restores expression of the mutated receptor on the cell surface and its correct maturation, resulting into the functional recovery of its signaling properties. SSR149415 acts by stabilizing a native-like conformation of the V3R, reducing its association with calnexin and, thus, favoring a secretory pathway rather than the proteasomal degradation pathway. In conclusion, the FN(X)2LL(X)3L sequence is an important motif for the V3R conformation, and the misfolding resulting from its mutation alters the receptor export but can be reverted by SSR149415.
Single Coriolis Inertial Rate and Acceleration Sensor (1988)

The Single Coriolis Inertial Rate and Acceleration Sensor (SCIRAS™)* measures both angular rotation and linear acceleration. By detecting Coriolis acceleration of a dithered accelerometer, it is possible to measure a direct rotation rate. Patented processing techniques have been developed which can separate Coriolis components of these signals from components due to linear acceleration with sufficient precision to achieve a few nmi/h sensor package. The sensor assembly (without electronics) weighs under 0.5 lb and fits within an 8 in3 package. The system costs substantially less than comparable RLG systems and uses about half as much power. There is no wear-out since this is an all-flexure device. The sensor is substantially rugged, being able to survive 1000 g shocks and 30 g vibration. Wide temperature applications are possible and shelf life is indefinite, since there are no exotic fluids or gases required for operation. This represents a marked reduction in life-cycle costs.
Mouse models of allergic asthma: acute and chronic allergen challenge (2008)

Asthma is defined as a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways; however, the underlying physiological and immunological processes are not fully understood. Animal models have been used to elucidate asthma pathophysiology, and to identify and evaluate novel therapeutic targets. Several recent review articles (Epstein, 2004; Lloyd, 2007; Boyce and Austen, 2005; Zosky and Sly, 2007) have discussed the potential value of these models. Allergen challenge models reproduce many features of clinical asthma and have been widely used by investigators; however, the majority involve acute allergen challenge procedures. It is recognised that asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease resulting from continued or intermittent allergen exposure, usually via inhalation, and there has been a recent focus on developing chronic allergen exposure models, predominantly in mice. Here, we review the acute and chronic exposure mouse models, and consider their potential role and impact in the field of asthma research.
Mechanisms of p53-Mediated Apoptosis (1998)

p53-mediated apoptosis of cells with DNA damage or oncogene overexpression is a major mechanism for its function as a tumor suppressor. Both transcriptionally dependent and transcriptionally independent activities of p53 can play a role in mediating cell death. It appears that p53 can induce apoptosis by multiple pathways in a manner which is regulated in a cell type and signal-specific fashion. Understanding the biochemical mechanisms of p53-dependent apoptosis holds a promise of manipulating these pathways in cancer therapy.
Cannabidiol Is a Potent Inhibitor of the Catalytic Activity of Cytochrome P450 2C19 (2013)

The present study investigated the inhibitory effect of cannabidiol (CBD), a major constituent of marijuana, on the catalytic activity of cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19). (S)-Mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylase activities of human liver microsomes (HLMs) and recombinant CYP2C19 were inhibited by CBD in a concentration-dependent manner (IC₅₀ = 8.70 and 2.51 µM, respectively). Omeprazole 5-hydroxylase and 3-O-methylfluorescein O-demethylase activities in recombinant CYP2C19 were also strongly inhibited by CBD (IC₅₀ = 1.55 and 1.79 µM, respectively). Kinetic analysis for inhibition revealed that CBD showed a mixed-type inhibition against (S)-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylation by recombinant CYP2C19. To clarify the structural requirements for CBD-mediated CYP2C19 inhibition, the effects of CBD-related compounds on CYP2C19 activity were examined. Olivetol inhibited the (S)-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylase activity of recombinant CYP2C19 with the IC₅₀ value of 15.3 µM, whereas d-limonene slightly inhibited the activity (IC₅₀ > 50 µM). The inhibitory effect of CBD-2'-monomethyl ether (IC₅₀ = 1.88 µM) on CYP2C19 was comparable to that of CBD, although the inhibitory potency of CBD-2',6'-dimethyl ether (IC₅₀ = 14.8 µM) was lower than that of CBD. Cannabidivarin, possessing a propyl side chain, showed slightly less potent inhibition (IC₅₀ = 3.45 µM) as compared with CBD, whereas orcinol and resorcinol did not inhibit CYP2C19 activity at all. These results indicate that CBD caused potent CYP2C19 inhibition, in which one free phenolic hydroxyl group and the pentyl side chain of CBD may play important roles.
CORE: Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation (2000)

Can different therapists, motivated by different theories and working in different settings, find a single measure - a 'core' - for monitoring their work? This paper introduces the Clinical Outcome...
Interactions Between Commensal Bacteria and Gut Sensorimotor Function in Health and Disease (2005)

Commensal bacteria inhabiting the human intestine (i.e., intestinal microflora) participate in the development and maintenance of gut sensory and motor functions, including the promotion of intestinal propulsive activity. On the other hand, intestinal motility represents one of the major control systems of gut microflora, through the sweeping of excessive bacteria from the lumen. There is emerging evidence indicating that changes in this bidirectional interplay contribute to the pathogenesis of gut diseases, such as small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Recent interest has also been directed to the potential role of intestinal microflora in the pathogenesis of the irritable bowel syndrome. Although the status of intestinal microflora in the irritable bowel syndrome remains unsettled, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (as detected with breath testing) and increased fermentation of foods with gas production, provide indirect evidence that microflora may contribute to symptom generation in irritable bowel syndrome. The potential benefit of antibiotic and probiotic therapy is currently under investigation and opens new perspectives in irritable bowel syndrome treatment.
Cardiolipin prevents rate-dependent uncoupling and provides osmotic stability in yeast mitochondria (2002)

The role of cardiolipin in mitochondrial function was studied by comparing the energy-transforming and osmotic properties of mitochondria isolated from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cardiolipin synthase-null mutant crd1Delta, which has no cardiolipin, and the isogenic wild type. The results indicated that the importance of cardiolipin for energetic coupling strongly depends on the rate of oxidative phosphorylation, which was set by using NADH (maximal rate limited by coupling mechanism) or ethanol (moderate rate limited by electron supply) as a respiratory substrate, or by modulating the steady-state rate of NADH supply. The absence of cardiolipin resulted in only a small effect on oxidative phosphorylation proceeding at a moderate rate, but led to significant uncoupling (decreased ADP/O and increased state 4 respiration) at the maximal rate of respiration. This indicates that cardiolipin prevents rate-dependent uncoupling in the energy-transforming apparatus. This role of cardiolipin may derive from its strong interaction with, and modulation of the function of, respiratory complexes, and from its effects on the physical properties of the membrane. The importance of cardiolipin for mitochondrial osmotic properties was determined by comparing oxidative phosphorylation, release of matrix enzyme, shrinking ability and volume dynamics upon hypotonically induced swelling in crd1Delta and wild-type mitochondria. Opening of the yeast mitochondrial unspecific channel (YMUC) in the wild-type and mutant mitochondria was also tested. It was found that the lack of cardiolipin strongly undermines the osmotic stability of the mitochondrial membrane.