gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM)‐1 ICAM‐2 and ICAM‐3 function as counter‐receptors for lymphocyte function‐associated molecule 1 in human immunodeficiency virus‐mediated syncytia formation (1994)

It has been previously demonstrated that lymphocyte function-associated molecule 1 (LFA-1) plays a major role in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-mediated syncytia formation. In the present study we investigated the involvement of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), ICAM-2 and ICAM-3 in the process. The ability of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) directed against ICAM-1, ICAM-2 and ICAM-3 to block syncytia was analyzed either in phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-activated lymphocytes infected in vitro with primary or laboratory strains of HIV or by coculturing a T cell line stably expressing HIV envelope with PHA-activated lymphocytes. Complete inhibition of syncytia formation was observed only by the simultaneous addition to the cell cultures of all (i.e. anti-ICAM-1, anti-ICAM-2 and anti-ICAM-3) mAb. These results indicate that the interaction between LFA-1 and ICAM is a critical step in HIV-mediated syncytia formation, and that ICAM-1, ICAM-2 and ICAM-3 are the receptor molecules for the LFA-1-dependent syncytia formation.
Mutagenesis using trinucleotide beta-cyanoethyl phosphoramidites. (1995)

There is no easy way to selectively introduce mixtures of codon triplets into mutagenesis libraries. Solid-phase-supported DNA synthesis using successive coupling of mixtures of mononucleotides can be made to supply 32 codons, which gives redundancies in coding for 20 natural amino acids, as well as an often unwanted stop codon. Resin-splitting methods have been described, but the representation of all permutations is limited by mechanical factors for a large library, and the method is experimentally cumbersome. To demonstrate a third, improved method, the 3'-cyanoethyl phosphoramidite codon triplets dATA, dCTT, dATC, dATG and dAGC were made by solution-phase methods, with protecting groups fully compatible with modern automated phosphoramidite DNA synthesis chemistry. The reagents were then used to synthesize a 54-mer DNA fragment, wherein 15 internal base pairs were randomized by coupling a mixture of the five codons five times. The fragment was amplified as a cDNA pool, which was subcloned into a phagemid vector, and 16 randomly selected recombinants from this mini-library were sequenced. These clones showed random incorporation of the proper transcribed codon sequences at the correct location. Other functional tests involving the trinucleotide phosphoramidites showed modest (ca. 70%) coupling efficiencies and structural integrity of the DNA produced.
Epidemiological correlation between levels of antibodies promoting merozoite phagocytosis of Plasmodium falciparum and malaria-immune status (1987)

A phagocytosis assay was used to measure the prevalence of cytophilic antibodies directed against Plasmodium falciparum merozoites in three groups of subjects from Africa: preimmune (individuals aged 2 to 15 years), immune (adults), and postimmune (African adults residing out of the endemic area). Results show that levels of antibodies promoting merozoite phagocytosis (APMP) increase slowly and gradually with age. The production of high levels of APMP requires about 15 years of continuous exposure to malaria and concurs with the ability of exposed individuals to control a high parasitemia and its pathological consequences, such as spleen enlargement. In the absence of antigenic restimulation for more than 1 year (postimmune subjects), APMP titers decrease abruptly. No correlation was found between APMP levels and levels of antimalarial antibodies detected by fluorescence and precipitation assays. Low levels of APMP in subjects susceptible to clinical manifestations of the disease and high levels in subjects in a state of premunition suggest that the results of the merozoite phagocytosis assay more closely reflect clinical immunity than do other markers of antimalarial humoral immunity.
Ricin and Ricinus communis agglutinin subunits are all derived from a single‐size polypeptide precursor (1983)

Antibodies have been raised in rabbits against the individually purified A and B subunits of the toxic castor bean lectin, ricin, and against the A' and B' subunits of Ricinus communis agglutinin type I. Each of the antisera recognised a single polypeptide species of Mr 60 500 when maturing castor bean endosperm mRNA was translated in vitro in a rabbit-reticulocyte-derived system. When dog pancreatic microsomal vesicles were included in the translational system, each subunit antiserum precipitated a group of 66 000-68 000-Mr core-glycosylated polypeptides which had been translocated into the lumen of the vesicles. The 60 500-Mr polypeptide appeared to be a common precursor to all four individual lectin subunits since (a) its glycosylated (66 000-68 000-Mr) forms were readily detected in the endoplasmic reticulum fraction isolated from maturing castor bean endosperm and (b) pulse-chase studies showed that the glycosylated precursors disappeared from the endoplasmic reticulum fraction with the concomittant appearance of authentic lectin subunits in a soluble protein fraction which included protein body matrix components. Antiserum prepared against whole R. communis agglutinin, type I, also precipitated the 65 000-Mr precursor in vitro and in vivo, but in addition precipitated a non-glycosylated 34 000-Mr polypeptide. This smaller protein is not a lectin subunit precursor, contradicting an earlier suggestion. It is most probably a precursor to the 2-S albumin storage proteins found in castor bean endosperm protein bodies.
Detecting visually similar Web pages (2010)

We propose a novel approach for detecting visual similarity between two Web pages. The proposed approach applies Gestalt theory and considers a Web page as a single indivisible entity. The concept of supersignals, as a realization of Gestalt principles, supports our contention that Web pages must be treated as indivisible entities. We objectify, and directly compare, these indivisible supersignals using algorithmic complexity theory. We illustrate our approach by applying it to the problem of detecting phishing scams. Via a large-scale, real-world case study, we demonstrate that 1) our approach effectively detects similar Web pages; and 2) it accuractely distinguishes legitimate and phishing pages.
Protein crystallography using a multilayer monochromator (1998)

A multilayer monochromator was installed on a bending-magnet beamline at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) and was used to provide an unfocused pseudo-monochromatic X-ray beam for protein crystallography experiments. Datasets were collected from lysozyme at room temperature and human methylthioadenosine phosphorylase at 100 K. The wide energy bandpass of the multilayer allowed short exposure times, typically only a few times longer than on a focused multipole wiggler beamline. The diffraction images were processed using unmodified monochromatic data-processing software to yield datasets of good quality. These first measurements demonstrate that multilayer monochromators can be readily applied to the rapid structure determination of many typical-sized macromolecules.
In situ vaccination with defined factors overcomes T cell exhaustion in distant tumors (2019)

Irreversible T cell exhaustion limits the efficacy of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blockade. We observed that dual CD40-TLR4 stimulation within a single tumor restored PD-1 sensitivity and that this regimen triggered a systemic tumor-specific CD8+ T cell response. This approach effectively treated established tumors in diverse syngeneic cancer models, and the systemic effect was dependent on the injected tumor, indicating that treated tumors were converted into necessary components of this therapy. Strikingly, this approach was associated with the absence of exhausted PD-1hi T cells in treated and distant tumors, while sparing the intervening draining lymph node and spleen. Furthermore, patients with transcription changes like those induced by this therapy experienced improved progression-free survival with anti-PD-1 treatment. Dual CD40-TLR4 activation within a single tumor is thus an approach for overcoming resistance to PD-1 blockade that is unique in its ability to cause the loss of exhausted T cells within tumors while sparing nonmalignant tissues.
Pleiotropic Effects of Statins: Lipid Reduction and Beyond (2002)

There is accumulating evidence that statins have beneficial effects that are independent of their classical actions on lipoproteins. These effects include reductions in inflammation in the vasculature, kidney, and bone. Potential beneficial effects of these agents include enhancement of nitric oxide production in vasculature and the kidney. These agents appear to reduce bone fractures and may improve insulin sensitivity and reduce the likelihood of persons progressing from impaired glucose tolerance to type II diabetes. Potential beneficial pleiotropic effects of statins are covered in this review.
The gene for an inherited form of deafness maps to chromosome 5q31. (1992)

Primary--i.e., nonsyndromal-postlingual deafness is inherited as an autosomal dominant phenotype in a large kindred in Costa Rica. Genetically susceptible individuals begin to lose hearing at low frequencies at about age 10 years, after language and speaking are learned. Deafness inevitably progresses by age 30 years to bilateral hearing loss of all frequencies. Intelligence, fertility, and life expectancy are normal. The family traces its ancestry to an affected founder born in Costa Rica in 1754. We have mapped the gene for deafness in this kindred to chromosome 5q31, between the markers IL9 and GRL, by linkage analysis involving 99 informative relatives.
Cord blood cancer therapy (1995)

Transplanting umbilical-cord blood-stem cells might provide an improved alternative to bone-marrow transplants in childhood cancer patients, according to research conducted at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas. Some 40 umbilical-cord blood-stem cell transplants have been performed worldwide since 1989, including Southwestern Medical Center9s first procedure, performed last November, by Eric Sandler, M.D., FAAP. Dr. Sandler is co-director of the hospital9s Umbilical Stem Cell Project. The project aims to procure, test and store human umbilical-cord and placental blood for use as an alternative to bone-marrow transplants. Cord blood is banked by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types. Southwestern is one of five umbilical-cord blood banks in the United States, Dr. Sandler said.
Spatial/Spectral filtering with linearly constrained minimum variance beamformers (1987)

In this paper, orthogonal low-dimension models for broad-band sources, as observed by an array/delay-line structure, are developed. The models are termed broad-band source representation spaces, and are subspaces of the observation space. They are generated from eigenstructures of source sample covariance matrices and represent sources efficiently in the 2nd-order statistical sense. For a single broad-band source, propagating in a pure delay environment and observed with an isotropic array, an accurate indication of the model dimension is derived which is independent on the array configuration, being a function of the observed source time-bandwidth product only. Using these representations, procedures are described for controlling the spatial and spectral response of linearly constrained minimum variance broad-band array/beamformers. The procedures employ linear constraints to control complex gain characteristics, over selected bands of frequency, for multiple points of 3-D regions of source locations and do not require the use of steering delays. The constraints are derived from source representation spaces and are termed eigenvector constraints. Simulations are presented which illustrate the effectiveness of the new linear constraints.
Differential gene expression profiles of gastric cancer cells established from primary tumour and malignant ascites (2002)

Advanced gastric cancer is often accompanied by metastasis to the peritoneum, resulting in a high mortality rate. Mechanisms involved in gastric cancer metastasis have not been fully clarified because metastasis involves multiple steps and requires a combination of altered expressions of many different genes. Thus, independent analysis of any single gene would be insufficient to understand all of the aspects of gastric cancer peritoneal dissemination. In this study, we performed a global analysis of the differential gene expression of a gastric cancer cell line established from a primary main tumour (SNU-1) and of other cell lines established from the metastasis to the peritoneal cavity (SNU-5, SNU-16, SNU-620, KATO-III and GT3TKB). The application of a high-density cDNA microarray method made it possible to analyse the expression of approximately 21 168 genes. Our examinations of SNU-5, SNU-16, SNU-620, KATO-III and GT3TKB showed that 24 genes were up-regulated and 17 genes down-regulated besides expression sequence tags. The analysis revealed the following altered expression such as: (a) up-regulation of CD44 (cell adhesion), keratins 7, 8, and 14 (epitherial marker), aldehyde dehydrogenase (drug metabolism), CD9 and IP3 receptor type3 (signal transduction); (b) down-regulation of IL2 receptor gamma, IL4-Stat (immune response), p27 (cell cycle) and integrin beta4 (adhesion) in gastric cancer cells from malignant ascites. We then analysed eight gastric cancer cell lines with Northern blot and observed preferential up-regulation and down-regulation of these selected genes in cells prone to peritoneal dissemination. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction confirmed that several genes selected by DNA microarray were also overexpressed in clinical samples of malignant ascites. It is therefore considered that these genes may be related to the peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancers. The results of this global gene expression analysis of gastric cancer cells with peritoneal dissemination, promise to provide a new insight into the study of human gastric cancer peritoneal dissemination.
An investigation into the dosimetry of a nine-field tomotherapy irradiation using BANG-gel dosimetry (1998)

BANG-gel dosimetry offers the potential for measuring the dose delivered by a radiotherapy treatment technique, in three dimensions, with high spatial resolution and good accuracy. The ability to measure comprehensively a 3D dose distribution is a major advantage of the gel dosimeter over conventional planar and point-based dosimeter devices, particularly when applied to the verification of complex dose distributions characteristic of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). In this paper an in-house manufactured BANG-gel dosimeter was applied to study the dose distributions of two irradiation experiments for which the distributions were known: (i) a dosimetrically simple parallel-opposed irradiation, and (ii) a more complex nine-field 'static tomotherapy' intensity-modulated irradiation delivered with the Nomos MIMiC. The uniform distribution in (i) allowed a study of the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging parameters to achieve an optimal trade-off between noise and image resolution (optimum image resolution for the Siemens 1.5T Vision system was determined to be approximately 0.8 mm2 with a slice thickness of 2 mm). The spatial uniformity of gel sensitivity to radiation was found to depend strongly on the presence of oxygen, which must be eliminated for the gel dosimeter to be of use. The gel dosimeter was found to agree well with predicted dose distributions and accurately measured the steep penumbral fall-off of dose, even after many days, proving its potential for the verification of IMRT distributions. In the nine-field IMRT delivery (ii) the predicted dose was computed by both an in-house 'component-delivery' dose algorithm and the Peacock planning-system dose algorithm. Good agreement was found between the two algorithms despite the latter's omission of the change in penumbral characteristics with aperture-size during delivery, lack of inhomogeneity correction and approximate modelling of leaf leakage. These effects were found to be small for the problem studied. The predicted distribution agreed well with the gel-measured distribution at medium and high doses (50-90% isodose lines) although differences of up to 10% were observed at lower doses (30% isodose line). The gel dosimeter was found to have the potential to verify IMRT distributions but required considerable care to achieve accurate results. Attention was required to achieve uniformity of gel sensitivity (to prevent oxygen contamination), and in the calibration process.
Proofs of retrievability (2009)

A proof of retrievability (POR) is a compact proof by a file system (prover) to a client (verifier) that a target file F is intact, in the sense that the client can fully recover it. As PORs incur lower communication complexity than transmission of F itself, they are an attractive building block for high-assurance remote storage systems.
Organometallic synthesis of gallium-arsenide crystallites, exhibiting quantum confinement (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganometallic synthesis of gallium-arsenide crystallites, exhibiting quantum confinementM. A. Olshavsky, A. N. Goldstein, and A. P. AlivisatosCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 25, 9438–9439Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00181a080https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00181a080research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1155Altmetric-Citations226LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optimal design for the Josephson mixer (2015)

We present an optimal design in terms of gain, bandwidth and dynamical range for the Josephson mixer, the superconducting circuit performing three-wave mixing at microwave frequencies. In a compact all lumped-element based circuit with galvanically coupled ports, we demonstrate non degenerate amplification for microwave signals over a bandwidth up to 50 MHz for a power gain of 20 dB. The quantum efficiency of the mixer is shown to be about 70$\%$ and its dynamical range reaches 5 quanta per inverse dynamical bandwidth.
DSP-based multiple peak power tracking for expandable power system (2003)

A DSP-based improved maximum power point tracking (MPPT) approach for multiple solar array application is presented. It incorporates a "shared bus" current sharing method that can regulate many paralleled current mode DC/DC converters. The modular architecture eases the expansion of system power. The current sharing and MPPT performance of the proposed system is validated and evaluated by a 500 W prototype with two solar arrays.
Allotypic Markers on Fab Fragments of Mouse Immunoglobulins (1974)

Abstract Allotypic determinants were detected on the Fab fragments of mouse IgG by guinea pig antisera prepared against polymerized Fab fragments of IgG from the C57BL and AKR strains. Different markers were detected by the two antisera. Indirect precipitation, with 125I-labeled Fab as ligand, was used for the assay. Each of the two markers was present on 20 to 25% of the Fab population. With one antiserum it was shown that this was due to restriction of the marker to one IgG subclass (IgG2a); it was inferred that a subclass restriction applies to the other antiserum as well. This, and the absence of markers on free light chains, suggest that the determinant(s) are present in the CH1 domain. Among various strains there is a close correlation between the possession of a Fab marker and the linkage group, based on Fc determinants, to which a strain belongs. With antiserum to C57BL Fab all strains in a given linkage group were the same with respect to the presence or absence of the Fab marker; strains carrying the Ig-1b allele were positive whereas all other strains tested were negative. Strains with a given allele also behaved similarly with respect to the anti-AKR Fab antiserum, except that this reagent divided the Ig-1a allelic group of strains into two subgroups.
Expanding the Scope of Electrophiles Capable of Targeting K-Ras Oncogenes (2017)

There is growing interest in reversible and irreversible covalent inhibitors that target noncatalytic amino acids in target proteins. With a goal of targeting oncogenic K-Ras variants (e.g., G12D) by expanding the types of amino acids that can be targeted by covalent inhibitors, we survey a set of electrophiles for their ability to label carboxylates. We functionalized an optimized ligand for the K-Ras switch II pocket with a set of electrophiles previously reported to react with carboxylates and characterized the ability of these compounds to react with model nucleophiles and oncogenic K-Ras proteins. Here, we report that aziridines and stabilized diazo groups preferentially react with free carboxylates over thiols. Although we did not identify a warhead that potently labels K-Ras G12D, we were able to study the interactions of many electrophiles with K-Ras, as most of the electrophiles rapidly label K-Ras G12C. We characterized the resulting complexes by crystallography, hydrogen/deuterium exchange, and differential scanning fluorimetry. Our results both demonstrate the ability of a noncatalytic cysteine to react with a diverse set of electrophiles and emphasize the importance of proper spatial arrangements between a covalent inhibitor and its intended nucleophile. We hope that these results can expand the range of electrophiles and nucleophiles of use in covalent protein modulation.