gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Therapy of chronic graft-v-host disease in a rat model (1989)

Abstract Chronic graft-v-host disease (GVHD) is the most frequent late complication of allogeneic bone marrow (BM) transplant. To test different treatments, we used a rat model of chronic GVHD which clinically, histologically, and immunologically resembles the disease occurring after human marrow transplant. The following treatments were administered: azathioprine 50 mg/kg/day plus prednisone 1 mg/kg/every other day; Cyclosporine (CsA) 30 mg/kg/day; CsA 30 mg/kg/day plus prednisone 1 mg/kg/every other day; thalidomide 50 mg/kg/day; thalidomide 10 mg/kg/day; CsA 10 mg/kg/day; and thalidomide 10 mg/kg/day plus CsA 10 mg/kg/day. All drugs were administered by gavage. Half of the animals (six of 12) treated with azathioprine plus prednisone every other day responded to treatment. The majority of animals (seven of 12) treated with CsA died early. The addition of prednisone every other day did not improve survival. The surviving animals treated with CsA (with or without prednisone) responded to treatment. Half of the animals treated with each of the above regimens had recurrent or progressive disease after therapy was discontinued. Thalidomide treatment was successful in the majority of animals (16 of 18). The addition of low-dose CsA to low-dose thalidomide resulted in a faster rate of response (12.1 +/- 1.8 v 28.2 +/- 1.6 days). We conclude that both thalidomide and thalidomide plus CsA appear promising in this model as treatment for chronic GVHD.
Vocal fold paresis (2000)

Vocal fold paresis (VFP) is a relatively common and often overlooked condition that can be difficult to diagnose based on the laryngeal examination alone. A retrospective review of the records of 50 consecutive adult patients with VFP was performed. In each case, the diagnosis of VFP was confirmed by laryngeal electromyography. The presenting symptoms were dysphonia (100%), vocal fatigue (76%), diplophonia (40%), and odynophonia (12%), and the findings were unilateral vocal fold hypomobility (50%), unilateral bowing (36%), and bilateral bowing (22%). Laryngoplasty and/or lipoinjection was performed in 54% of the subjects, and significant vocal improvement was achieved in 85%. VFP appears to be underdiagnosed because many VFP patients have compensatory hyperkinetic disorders at presentation. Although the diagnosis of VFP may be suspected based on the patient's symptoms and findings, the diagnostic sine qua non is laryngeal electromyography. In addition, surgical treatment for VFP appears to be safe and effective.
Clinical Trial Results of a HER2/neu (E75) Vaccine to Prevent Recurrence in High-Risk Breast Cancer Patients (2005)

This HER2/neu (E75) vaccine is safe and effective in eliciting a peptide-specific immune response in vivo. Induced HER2/neu immunity seems to reduce the recurrence rate in patients with NPBC.
The Quality of Life Scale: An Instrument for Rating the Schizophrenic Deficit Syndrome (1984)

There is growing interest in deficit symptoms in studies of the course and treatment response of schizophrenia. However, existing clinical assessment instruments focus primarily on productive symptoms. The authors describe the Quality of Life Scale (QLS), a 21-item scale based on a semistructured interview designed to assess deficit symptoms and thereby fill an important gap in the range of instruments now available. Data regarding reliability and training in the use of the QLS are presented. A factor analysis of the items yields results compatible with the conceptual model on which the scale is based. The factor analysis was also performed separately by sex and was fundamentally similar for men and women.
Δn89β-Catenin Induces Precocious Development, Differentiation, and Neoplasia in Mammary Gland (2001)

To investigate the role of beta-catenin in mammary gland development and neoplasia, we expressed a stabilized, transcriptionally active form of beta-catenin lacking the NH(2)-terminal 89 amino acids (Delta N 89 beta-catenin) under the control of the mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat. Our results show that Delta N 89 beta-catenin induces precocious lobuloalveolar development and differentiation in the mammary glands of both male and female mice. Virgin Delta N 89 beta-catenin mammary glands resemble those found in wild-type (wt) pregnant mice and inappropriately express cyclin D1 mRNA. In contrast to wt mammary glands, which resume a virgin appearance after cessation of lactation, transgenic mammary glands involute to a midpregnant status. All transgenic females develop multiple aggressive adenocarcinomas early in life. Surprisingly, the Delta N89 beta-catenin phenotype differs from those elicited by overexpression of Wnt genes in this gland. In particular, Delta N 89 beta-catenin has no effect on ductal side branching. This suggests that Wnt induction of ductal branching involves additional downstream effectors or modulators.
Polymer-based sensitizers for photooxidations. II (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymer-based sensitizers for photooxidations. IIA. Paul Schaap, Arthur L. Thayer, Erich C. Blossey, and Douglas C. NeckersCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 13, 3741–3745Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1975https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00846a030RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views680Altmetric-Citations193LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (566 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A simple strategy for obtaining both enantiomers from an aldolase reaction: preparation of L- and D-4-hydroxy-2-ketoglutarate (1992)

Both L-(>95% e.e.) and D-(60% e.e.)4-hydroxy-2-ketoglutarate 3 have been prepared on a mmol scale using 4-hydroxy-2-ketoglutarate (HKG) aldolase. Substrate specificity studies indicate that HKG aldolase isolated from different sources (Escherichia coli, bovine liver and rat liver) is highly specific for both pyruvate and glyoxylate.
Interleukin‐4 and ‐5 as modulators of nerve growth factor synthesis/secretion in astrocytes (1993)

To examine the regulation of nerve growth factor (NGF) gene expression with respect to neural trauma, we examined the effects of T cell-derived lymphokines on NGF synthesis/secretion in cultured mouse astrocytes. Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 significantly increased the amount of NGF secreted by astrocytes, whereas IL-2, IL-3, and IL-6 had no significant effect. IL-4 and IL-5 produced marked increases in NGF mRNA levels in astrocytes as demonstrated by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. The effect of IL-4 and IL-5 was greater in quiescent astrocytes than in growing cells. Neither increase in thymidine incorporation nor any morphological change was observed during the treatment with IL-4 and IL-5. The stimulatory effect of IL-4 and IL-5 on NGF synthesis was completely inhibited by the addition of anti-IL-4 monoclonal antibody and anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody, respectively. The results indicate that IL-4 and IL-5 specifically trigger a cascade of events to regulate NGF synthesis in astrocytes, independent of cell growth.
Activated platelets express IL-1 activity. (1989)

Suspensions of washed human platelets express IL-1 activity after activation with agents such as thrombin, collagen, ADP, or epinephrine as judged by the ability of the platelet suspensions to support the growth of a T cell line, D10.G4.1, which exhibits a growth requirement for IL-1. Unactivated platelets express little IL-1 activity. The IL-1 activity expressed by activated platelets appears to be entirely associated with the platelet surface. No IL-1 activity was detected in supernatants derived from suspensions of activated platelets. A mAb specific for IL-1 beta inhibited 90% of the activity expressed by thrombin-activated platelets, whereas a mAb specific for IL-1 alpha inhibited approximately 20% of the activity. A control mAb was without an effect. These results indicate that activated platelets express surface-associated IL-1 activity. Platelet surface IL-1 may provide a mechanism for altering in an extremely localized and rapid manner the properties of IL-1 responsive cells with which platelets come in direct contact during processes of inflammation and vessel wall damage.
Gas dynamic virtual nozzle for generation of microscopic droplet streams (2008)

As shown by Ganan-Calvo and co-workers, a free liquid jet can be compressed in iameter through gas-dynamic forces exerted by a co-flowing gas, obviating the need for a solid nozzle to form a microscopic liquid jet and thereby alleviating the clogging problems that plague conventional droplet sources of small diameter. We describe in this paper a novel form of droplet beam source based on this principle. The source is miniature, robust, dependable, easily fabricated, and eminently suitable for delivery of microscopic liquid droplets, including hydrated biological samples, into vacuum for analysis using vacuum instrumentation. Monodisperse, single file droplet streams are generated by triggering the device with a piezoelectric actuator. The device is essentially immune to clogging.
Design, synthesis and characterization of antimicrobial pseudopeptides corresponding to membrane‐active peptide (1999)

To obtain active and metabolically stable analogues, peptide backbone modifications have been incorporated into many biologically active peptides. In this study, we designed and synthesized pseudopeptides corresponding to the antimicrobial peptide that acted on the lipid membrane of the pathogen. Most pseudopeptides exhibited a longer half-life than the peptide in the presence of serum as well as a considerable activity against test bacteria and fungi. Circular dichroism spectra and retention times of the pseudopeptides helped us to elucidate the effect of the incorporation of backbone modifications on the structural parameters necessary for the activity, indicating that alpha-helical structure was the most important factor for the activity and hydrophobicity had a considerable effect on the activity. Backbone modifications employed in this study can be a useful tool for structure-activity relationship studies and the development of therapeutic agents from membrane-active antimicrobial peptides.
1-Aminoacridine-4-carboxylic Acid1 (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1-Aminoacridine-4-carboxylic Acid1Konomu MatsumuraCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1938, 60, 3, 591–593Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1938https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01270a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01270a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views77Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
异化、哲学人本学和“马克思批判” (1980)

一可以毫不夸张地说,现代资产阶级哲学对于马克思所做的批判,是围绕着异化概念做文章。自从马克思的《经济学-哲学手稿》于1932年发表以来,以及在马克思主义形成的历史中,还没有任何其他概念,被马列主义的敌人——资产阶级分子和修正主义者,进行过如此详尽的“研究”。这个事实清楚地告诉人们,首先必须联系到当代社会主义和帝国主义之间所展开的深刻斗争来看待关于异化概念的任何解释。因此,异化概念所涉及的,不是狭义上的语言-历史问题,即马克思在《经济学-哲学手稿》中,在多大程度上还受费尔巴哈或黑格尔的影响,或者摆脱了他们的影响的问题,而首先是阶级的意识形态斗争问题。
HBV X Protein Alters the DNA Binding Specificity of CREB and ATF-2 by Protein-Protein Interactions (1991)

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) X gene product trans-activates viral and cellular genes. The X protein (pX) does not bind independently to nucleic acids. The data presented here demonstrate that pX entered into a protein-protein complex with the cellular transcriptional factors CREB and ATF-2 and altered their DNA binding specificities. Although CREB and ATF-2 alone did not bind to the HBV enhancer element, a pX-CREB or pX-ATF-2 complex did bind to the HBV enhancer. Thus, the ability of pX to interact with cellular factors broadened the DNA binding specificity of these regulatory proteins and provides a mechanism for pX to participate in transcriptional regulation. This strategy of altered binding specificity may modify the repertoire of genes that can be regulated by transcriptional factors during viral infection.
Membrane Cofactor Protein (CD46) Is a Basolateral Protein That Is Not Endocytosed (1997)

Membrane cofactor protein (MCP) is a widely distributed complement regulatory protein that is expressed on the basolateral surface of polarized epithelial cells. The basolateral targeting of the BC1 isoform of MCP was analyzed by generating deletion mutants and point mutants within the cytoplasmic tail of 16 amino acids. A sequence of four amino acids, FTSL, was found to be indispensable for the basolateral transport of MCP. This tetrapeptide has two unique features compared with the targeting motifs of other basolateral proteins: (i) it contains a phenylalanine rather than a tyrosine at position 1; (ii) it is located at the very COOH-terminal end. Replacement of the phenylalanine or the leucine by an alanine resulted in a nonpolarized delivery to the cell surface. On the other hand, substitution of a tyrosine for the phenylalanine did not affect the basolateral transport of MCP. The latter mutant, however, was efficiently internalized, whereas the wild type protein was not subject to endocytosis. Our results indicate that the targeting signal YXX-large aliphatic that is involved in various sorting events has been modulated in MCP in such a way that it allows basolateral transport but not endocytosis.
Methylation profile of circulating plasma DNA in patients with pancreatic cancer (2008)

Differential methylation profiling of plasma DNA can detect ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas with significant accuracy and should be explored further. While additional improvement of biomarkers is necessary, the blood-based biomarker may be already useful as a first-line detection tool.
Bioluminescence Imaging Study of Spatial and Temporal Persistence of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactococcus lactis in Living Mice (2012)

Lactic acid bacteria, especially lactobacilli, are common inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract of mammals, for which they have received considerable attention due to their putative health-promoting properties. In this study, we describe the development and application of luciferase-expressing Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactococcus lactis strains for noninvasive in vivo monitoring in the digestive tract of mice. We report for the first time the functional in vitro expression in Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB8826 and in Lactococcus lactis MG1363 of the click beetle luciferase (CBluc), as well as Gaussia and bacterial luciferases, using a combination of vectors, promoters, and codon-optimized genes. We demonstrate that a CBluc construction is the best-performing luciferase system for the noninvasive in vivo detection of lactic acid bacteria after oral administration. The persistence and viability of both strains was studied by bioluminescence imaging in anesthetized mice and in mouse feces. In vivo bioluminescence imaging confirmed that after a single or multiple oral administrations, L. lactis has shorter survival times in the mouse gastrointestinal tract than L. plantarum, and it also revealed the precise gut compartments where both strains persisted. The application of luciferase-labeled bacteria has significant potential to allow the in vivo and ex vivo study of the interactions of lactic acid bacteria with their mammalian host.
Upstream U3 sequences in simian immunodeficiency virus are selectively deleted in vivo in the absence of an intact nef gene (1994)

Major transcriptional control elements are located within the U3 region of the long terminal repeats (LTRs) of lentivirus and other retroviral genomes. The nef auxiliary gene of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and human immunodeficiency virus overlaps about 70% of the 450- to 560-bp-long U3 region present in these primate lentiviruses. We analyzed viral DNA sequences present in rhesus monkeys infected with a mutant of SIVmac containing a 182-bp deletion in the region of nef that does not overlap the LTR. Between 50 and 100% of the viral DNA molecules in eight of nine monkeys infected for 16 or more months contained additional deletions of 111 to 302 bp within the 517-bp U3 region. These deletions were contained within a 334-bp region of U3 that is overlapped by the nef reading frame, and they did not affect the polypurine tract, the NF-kappa B binding site, or other sequence elements in this same region that are important for transcription and replication. Such deletions were not detected in any of 41 PCR amplifications from 8 rhesus monkeys infected with wild-type SIV for 8 to 26 months, nor were they detected in 10 animals infected with vpr, vpx or vpr-vpx deletion mutants. These results indicate that, in the absence of an intact nef gene, these upstream U3 sequences are not advantageous for the virus.
The Effect of Gasoline Volatility on Exhaust Emissions (1972)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;For many years, the primary consideration for determining motor gasoline volatility specifications has been good car performance, i.e., fast start-ups, freedom from vapor lock, and good driveability. Now, for late-model cars, there is a new consideration for volatility control. This is exhaust emissions. Fuel volatility has been found to have a significant effect on the exhaust emissions of many late-model vehicles. A decrease of 5 psi RVP from current levels increased exhaust CO an average of 28% at 70°F and 22% at 30°F in a group of eleven cars. Exhaust hydrocarbons were increased an average of about 5% at both temperatures. Now, before lowering fuel volatility, it is important to consider the effect the change will have on exhaust emissions as well as car performance.&lt;/div&gt;
p-Alkoxybenzyl alcohol resin and p-alkoxybenzyloxycarbonylhydrazide resin for solid phase synthesis of protected peptide fragments (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTp-Alkoxybenzyl alcohol resin and p-alkoxybenzyloxycarbonylhydrazide resin for solid phase synthesis of protected peptide fragmentsSu-Sun WangCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 4, 1328–1333Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1973Publication History Published online28 September 2008Published inissue 1 February 1973https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00785a052RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1621Altmetric-Citations132LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (718 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Whither Immunization Against Viral Infections? (1984)

Economic and social considerations with respect to the infectious diseases demand increased application of preventive measures. Vaccines provide high benefit at low cost and low risk. Past vaccines have emphasized use of live attenuated, or killed whole, or fractionated organisms. Future vaccines will involve recombinant and synthetic antigens, with emphasis on control of many different infections with single polyvalent vaccines directed against individual epitopes rather than complex antigens. Heightened interest in preventive medicine is evident among physicians, aided by the activities of the World Health Organization and governments, and individual academic and public health initiatives. An overview of the past, present, and future with respect to technological possibilities and other practical considerations for vaccines is presented.
Law, Power and Justice: What Legalism Fails to Address in the Functioning of Rwanda's Gacaca Courts (2010)

In this article, we untangle the relationships among law, power and justice as they impact on the lives of ordinary Rwandans brought into contact with the state and local officials through the gacaca process. Drawing on 37 life-history interviews conducted in 2006, we find that gacaca reinforces a particular version of postgenocide justice that renders the average Rwandan citizen largely powerless over individual processes of reconciliation while serving to maintain a climate of fear and insecurity in their everyday lives. Locating the Rwandan case more broadly, we caution that a preoccupation with harmonizing traditional justice with international standards must look beyond forms of legality. While gacaca may be legally acceptable in a harmonized way, it is both a product and a producer of relations of state power that operate to impact negatively on conflict-affected individuals who bear the brunt of government-led initiatives to promote justice and reconciliation.