gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection with Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis Complicated by Symptomatic Lactic Acidosis (2003)

Lactic acidosis has been reported as a complication associated with antiretroviral therapy; in particular, usually with use of nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors. We describe a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patient with a history of lipodystrophy who presented with hepatic insult associated with documented human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE). Despite a normal serum lactate level before the onset of acute coinfection, the patient developed symptomatic hyperlactatemia while receiving appropriate treatment for HGE. To date, this is the first presentation of symptomatic hyperlactatemia in a patient with HIV infection and HGE.
A New Group of Chromatin‐Associated Proteins with a High Content of Acidic and Basic Amino Acids (1973)

A new group of chromatin‐associated proteins having a high content of acidic and basic amino acids have been isolated from the 0.35 M NaCl‐extractable proteins from calf thymus. This new group, designated “high‐mobility group” proteins have been partially separated and some interesting new proteins identified. One such protein contains over 55% acidic and basic amino acids.
Sensor-based path-planning algorithms for a nonholonomic mobile robot (2002)

We propose sensor-based path-planning algorithms for a nonholonomic mobile robot. A car-like robot supervised by these algorithms always reaches its target point (position, and orientation) globally while sensing and avoiding uncertain neighbor obstacles locally in a 2-D environment. In general, all the classic sensor-based path-planning algorithms lead a robot to its destination (x,y) quickly in a 2-D unknown search space. Unfortunately, a nonholonomic mobile robot has three degrees-of-freedom (z,y,/spl theta/), and consequently its search space has three dimensions. In this paper, we propose two algorithms NH-I/spl middot/II. NH-I is designed by mixing modified versions of a famous model-based algorithm best-first and the classic sensor-based algorithm Class1. NH-II is designed by mixing modified versions of another famous model-based algorithm depth-first and Class1. BF and DF can investigate around an unknown obstacle whose dimensions are over two. As a result, by the mixture, we obtain three dimensional or more sensor-based path-planning algorithms NH-I/spl middot/II for a nonholonomic mobile robot. Finally, in order to check a real-time property of both algorithms, we compare their search costs with that of a model-based path-planning algorithm A/sub NH/* for a nonholonomic mobile robot.
Evaluation of RAD1901, a novel investigational, selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD), for the treatment of ER-positive (ER+) advanced breast cancer. (2017)

1014 Background: The treatment of advanced ER+ breast cancer remains a clinical challenge with the majority of patients eventually progressing due to resistance to endocrine therapy. RAD1901 is a novel, nonsteroidal, oral SERD that has demonstrated dose dependent degradation of ER, and ER regulated genes in preclinical studies. In multiple in vivo patient derived xenograft models of breast cancer, including those harboring ESR1 mutations, RAD1901 demonstrated significant antitumor activity. Methods: In a phase-1 Study RAD1901-005 (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02338349), patients with advanced ER+ breast cancer were enrolled in dose escalation cohorts, followed by a safety expansion cohort. Key inclusion criteria include postmenopausal women aged 18 years or older, with advanced ER+, HER2- breast cancer, who have received ≤ 2 prior chemotherapy regimens in the metastatic setting and &gt; 6 months of prior endocrine therapy. ESR1 mutation status was determined from circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) samples. Clinical outcomes were evaluated based on RECIST v1.1 criteria. Results: As of January 25, 2017, total of 39 patients were enrolled at the 400 mg qd dose. Patients were heavily pre-treated (median lines of prior therapy = 3), with 38% and 41% having previously received fulvestrant and palbociclib/CDK4/6 inhibitor, respectively. RAD1901 was generally well-tolerated, with the most common adverse events being low grade nausea (Grade 3/4 = 0%) and dyspepsia (Grade 3/4 = 0%). ESR1 mutations, including D538G, Y537S/N/C, L536H/P/R, S436P and E380Q, were detected at baseline in 44% of patients and dynamic changes in the allele frequency of ESR1 mutations were observed in response to treatment. Confirmed partial responses were observed in patients with ESR1 mutations, and those who had previously received fulvestrant and palbociclib. Conclusions: RAD1901 has demonstrated evidence of single agent activity, with confirmed partial responses in heavily pre-treated patients with advanced ER+ breast cancer, including those with ESR1 mutations, warranting additional clinical development. Clinical trial information: NCT02338349.
Cortistatins A, B, C, and D, Anti-angiogenic Steroidal Alkaloids, from the Marine Sponge Corticium simplex (2006)

Four novel steroidal alkaloids named cortistatins A (1), B (2), C (3), and D (4) consisting of a 9(10-19)-abeo-androstane and isoquinoline skeleton have been isolated from the marine sponge Corticium simplex. The absolute stereostructures of 1-4 were elucidated by detailed 2D NMR, CD, and X-ray crystallographic analyses. Cortistatins A-D inhibited proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with high selectivity. Among the four substances, cortistatin A (1) showed the strongest anti-proliferative activity (IC50 = 0.0018 muM) against HUVECs, in which the selective index was more than 3000-fold in comparison with that of normal fibroblast or several tumor cell lines.
Cyanide Produced by Human Isolates ofPseudomonas aeruginosaContributes to Lethality inDrosophila melanogaster (2008)

Some Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains are cyanogenic, and cyanide may contribute to the bacterium's virulence. Using human isolates of P. aeruginosa, we have shown that Drosophila melanogaster suspended above cyanogenic strains become motionless and develop bradycardia and that flies injected with cyanogenic bacterial strains die more rapidly than those injected with noncyanogenic strains. Flies exposed to cyanogenic strains had high cyanide and low adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations in body extracts, and treatment with a cyanide antidote equalized survival of flies injected with cyanogenic and noncyanogenic strains. P. aeruginosa PAO1 strain with a mutation in the hydrogen cyanide synthase gene cluster was much less toxic to flies than the parental cyanogenic strain or 2 knock-in strains. Transgenic flies overexpressing rhodanese, which detoxifies cyanide by converting it to thiocyanate, were resistant to cyanide and the increased virulence of cyanogenic strains. We conclude that D. melanogaster is a good model for studying cyanide produced by P. aeruginosa.
Laboratory diagnosis of late-onset sepsis in newborns by multiplex real-time PCR (2009)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Cell-Specific Aptamer Probes for Membrane Protein Elucidation in Cancer Cells (2008)

Disease biomarkers play critical roles in the management of various pathological conditions of diseases. This involves diagnosing diseases, predicting disease progression and monitoring the efficacy of treatment modalities. While efforts to identify specific disease biomarkers using a variety of technologies has increased the number of biomarkers or augmented information about them, the effective use of disease-specific biomarkers is still scarce. Here, we report that a high expression of protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7), a transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase-like molecule, was discovered in a series of leukemia cell lines using whole cell aptamer selection. With the implementation of a two-step strategy (aptamer selection and biomarker discovery), combined with mass spectrometry, PTK7 was ultimately identified as a potential biomarker for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Specifically, the aptamers for T-ALL cells were selected using the cell-SELEX process, without any prior knowledge of the cell biomarker population, conjugated with magnetic beads and then used to capture and purify their binding targets on the leukemia cell surface. This demonstrates that a panel of molecular aptamers can be easily generated for a specific type of diseased cells. It further demonstrates that this two-step strategy, that is, first selecting cancer cell-specific aptamers and then identifying their binding target proteins, has major clinical implications in that the technique promises to substantially improve the overall effectiveness of biomarker discovery. Specifically, our strategy will enable efficient discovery of new malignancy-related biomarkers, facilitate the development of diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches to cancer, and markedly improve our understanding of cancer biology.
Magnetization Reversal by Spin-Polarized Current in Magnetic Tunnel Junctions with MgO Barriers (2006)

Co-Fe-B/MgO/Co-Fe-B magnetic tunnel junctions were fabricated using UHV magnetron sputtering. Magnetoresistance and spin-transfer switching properties were investigated as a function of Co-Fe-B free layer thickness, between 1.5 nm and 3 nm. The intrinsic switching current and the thermal stability were derived from the pulse duration dependence of the switching current, analyzed based on the thermally activated switching model. Both switching currents, corresponding to parallel (P) to antiparallel (AP) (Ic0 +) and AP to P (Ic0 –) magnetization reversal, were found to be roughly proportional to the free layer thickness. The averaged intrinsic switching current density Jc0 av = (Ic0 +–Ic0 –)/(2A) (where A is the cell area) was in the range of 1–2×107 A/cm2. The experimental values of Jc0 ± agreed with theoretical values, determined taking into account the spintransfer efficiency for the case of magnetic tunnel junction. The thermal stability of the P and AP states was different, but roughly proportional to the free layer thickness in both cases. We attribute this difference to a disparity in the net magnetic field acting on the free layer magnetization in the P and AP states. The average of the thermal stability in the two states varied from 30 to 60 when the free layer thickness was increased. According to our findings, to guarantee the non-volatility of an MRAM device for about 10 years, the Co-Fe-B free layer should be thicker than 2 nm.
Balancing load in stream processing with the cloud (2011)

Stream processing systems must handle stream data coming from real-time, high-throughput applications, for example in financial trading. Timely processing of streams is important and requires sufficient available resources to achieve high throughput and deliver accurate results. However, static allocation of stream processing resources in terms of machines is inefficient when input streams have significant rate variations-machines remain under-utilised for long periods of average load. We present a combined stream processing system that, as the input stream rate varies, adaptively balances workload between a dedicated local stream processor and a cloud stream processor. This approach only utilises cloud machines when the local stream processor becomes overloaded. We evaluate a prototype system with financial trading data. Our results show that it can adapt effectively to workload variations, while only discarding a small percentage of input data.
Synthesis and oxygen‐permeation properties of thin YSZ/Pd composite membranes (2000)

Abstract Thin dense yttria‐stabilized‐zirconia (YSZ)/Pd composite (dual‐phase) membranes were fabricated on porous YSZ membranes by a new approach that combines the reservoir method and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. A thin porous YSZ layer was coated on a porous alumina support by dip coating the YSZ suspension. A continuous Pd phase was formed inside pores of the YSZ layer by the reservoir method. The residual pores of the YSZ/Pd layer were plugged with yttria/zirconia by CVD to ensure the gas tightness of the membranes. The oxygen‐permeation fluxes through these composite (dual‐phase) membranes, measured in situ in the CVD reactor, are 2.0×10 −8 and 4.8×10 −8 mol/cm 2 ·s at 1,050°C when air and oxygen are used as the permeate gases, respectively. These oxygen‐permeation values are about 1 order of magnitude higher than those of pure YSZ membranes prepared under similar conditions. The apparent activation energies for oxygen permeation at 900–1,050°C are 193 kJ/mol for thin YSZ/Pd composite (dual‐phase) membranes and 124 kJ/mol for pure YSZ membranes. These results are explained in terms of relative importance of various mass‐transfer steps for oxygen permeation and microstructure of the YSZ/Pd composite membranes prepared by this technique.
Optimisation of the Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonation Process for Surfactant Manufacture (2003)

Sulfonation of linear alkylbenzenes by reaction with sulfur trioxide is the predominant route to anionic surfactants other than soap. In the case study presented here, alkylbenzenes are contacted with sulfur trioxide in a short residence time falling film reactor following which the liquid reaction product mixture is aged. This work reviews a computational chemistry study, supported by an experimental relative rate study, on the reaction pathways occurring in the falling film reactor. It is concluded that the commonly accepted mechanism for aromatic sulfonation by sulfur trioxide does not apply, at least to alkylbenzene sulfonation, and an alternative reaction pathway consistent with the computational and experimental findings is proposed. A kinetic study on the ageing reactions is presented, indicating that there are several distinct stages leading to increase in conversion of linear alkylbenzene to linear alkylbenzene sulfonate. On the basis of these findings, process modifications leading to conversion increases ranging from 0.5 to 1% have been achieved, and conversion losses of up to 1.5% during storage have been eliminated.
Role of P-selectin in microvascular leukocyte-endothelial interaction in splanchnic ischemia-reperfusion (1994)

The role of P-selectin in leukocyte-endothelial interaction after splanchnic arterial occlusion and reperfusion (SAO/R) in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats was investigated employing a P-selectin-neutralizing monoclonal antibody (i.e., MAb PB1.3). MAb PB1.3 (1 mg/kg) given intravenously to SAO/R rats just before reperfusion significantly attenuated leukocyte rolling and adherence in mesenteric postcapillary venules as observed via intravital microscopy. Likewise, ileal myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was decreased from 4.6 +/- 0.6 in nontreated ischemic rats to 2.0 +/- 0.2 U/100 mg (P < 0.01), indicating a lesser degree of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) accumulation. A significantly lower plasma free amino-nitrogen concentration was observed in MAb PB1.3-treated rats vs. untreated (P < 0.01), suggesting decreased tissue injury after reperfusion. Immunohistochemical localization demonstrated significant expression of P-selectin in endothelial cells lining ileal postcapillary venules 30 min after reperfusion of the ischemic splanchnic circulation. Thus P-selectin appears to plays an important role in leukocyte accumulation after splanchnic ischemia-reperfusion, and the MAb PB1.3 attenuates the accumulation of PMNs in the ischemic-reperfused small bowel, resulting in reduced tissue injury.
Virucidal activity of retinal (1979)

Herpes simplex virus type 2 and simian virus 40 were rapidly inactivated by retinal at micromolar concentrations. Other fat-soluble vitamins, particularly vitamin A derivatives, were also active against herpes simplex virus type 2 and several lipid-containing bacteriophages.
MutaGeneSys: estimating individual disease susceptibility based on genome-wide SNP array data (2007)

Our system is available as an online resource at http://magnet.c2b2.columbia.edu/mutagenesys/. Our findings have also been incorporated into the HapMap Genome Browser as the OMIM_Disease_Associations track.
1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate exerts exceptional chemopreventive activity in rat tongue carcinogenesis. (1997)

Among the organoselenium compounds, 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene) selenocyanate (p-XSC) is reported to exert the most effective chemopreventive effect on chemically induced carcinogenesis in the mammary glands, colon, and lung of laboratory animals. This study was designed to test the inhibitory effects of dietary p-XSC (5 and 15 ppm as selenium) during the initiation phase (1 week before, during, and up to 1 week after the carcinogen exposure) and the postinitiation phase (1 week after carcinogen administration until termination) on the formation of neoplasms of the tongue induced in male F344 rats by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO). The doses of p-XSC were 20% (5 ppm selenium) and 60% (15 ppm selenium) of maximum tolerated dose levels. At 6 weeks of age, all rats except those given p-XSC alone and those in untreated groups were treated with 4-NQO (20 ppm in the drinking water for 8 weeks). Dietary p-XSC, administered at selenium levels of 5 and 15 ppm during either the initiation or postinitiation phases, significantly reduced the incidence of carcinoma of the tongue. p-XSC was especially effective when it was administered at 15 ppm selenium during the postinitiation phase, in which case it completely inhibited the development of tongue carcinoma (from 47% in the dietary control to 0%). Glutathione S-transferase activities in the liver and tongue of rats treated with 4-NQO and p-XSC were significantly elevated compared to those in rats treated with 4-NQO alone. Similarly, quinone reductase activity was significantly elevated in the liver but decreased in the tongue (posterior portion). Such modulation by p-XSC in the phase II enzyme activities of the liver and tongue might be related to inhibition of the initiation. In addition, the expression of cell proliferation biomarkers, such as polyamine level, ornithine decarboxylase activity, 5-bromodeoxyuridin-labeling index, and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer's protein number, in the epithelium of the tongue was significantly reduced in rats that were fed thep-XSC diets compared to those who were fed the basal diet. Such alteration in cell proliferation through modulation of ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamine biosynthesis in the tongue epithelium might be related to inhibition occurring in the postinitiation phase of carcinogenesis. The dose levels of p-XSC used induced no toxicity or alteration in body weight gain. Although the precise mechanisms of p-XSC-induced inhibition of tongue carcinogenesis remains to be elucidated, it is evident that p-XSC has powerful chemopreventive efficacy against tongue carcinogenesis.
Regulation of Yeast Golgi Glycosylation. GUANOSINE DIPHOSPHATASE FUNCTIONS AS A HOMODIMER IN THE MEMBRANE (1995)

The Golgi lumenal GDPase plays an important role in the mannosylation of proteins and lipids of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by regulating the amount of GDP-mannose available in the Golgi lumen. The enzyme makes available GMP as an antiporter to be coupled with entry of GDP-mannose into the Golgi lumen from the cytosol. Using radiation inactivation and target analysis, we have now determined the functional molecular mass of the GDPase within the Golgi membrane and whether or not the enzyme has functional associations with other Golgi membrane proteins, including mannosyltransferases and the GDP-mannose transporter. The functional size of the GDPase was found to be approximately twice the estimated structural target size of the protein; this strongly suggests that the GDPase protein in situ functions as homodimer and does not require association with other membrane proteins for its function.
Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule-Stimulated Neurite Outgrowth Depends on Activation of Protein Kinase C and the Ras–Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway (2000)

The signal transduction pathways associated with neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM)-induced neuritogenesis are only partially characterized. We here demonstrate that NCAM-induced neurite outgrowth depends on activation of p59(fyn), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), phospholipase Cgamma (PLCgamma), protein kinase C (PKC), and the Ras-mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway. This was done using a coculture system consisting of PC12-E2 cells grown on fibroblasts, with or without NCAM expression, allowing NCAM-NCAM interactions resulting in neurite outgrowth. PC12-E2 cells were transiently transfected with expression plasmids encoding constitutively active forms of Ras, Raf, MAP kinase kinases MEK1 and 2, dominant negative forms of Ras and Raf, and the FAK-related nonkinase. Alternatively, PC12-E2 cells were submitted to treatment with antibodies to the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor, inhibitors of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase p59(fyn), PLC, PKC and MEK and an activator of PKC, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA). MEK2 transfection rescued cells treated with all inhibitors. The same was found for PMA treatment, except when cells concomitantly were treated with the MEK inhibitor. Arachidonic acid rescued cells treated with antibodies to the FGF receptor or the PLC inhibitor, but not cells in which the activity of PKC, p59(fyn), FAK, Ras, or MEK was inhibited. Interaction of NCAM with a synthetic NCAM peptide ligand, known to induce neurite outgrowth, was shown to stimulate phosphorylation of the MAP kinases extracellular signal-regulated kinases ERK1 and ERK2. The MAP kinase activation was sustained, because ERK1 and ERK2 were phosphorylated in PC12-E2 cells and primary hippocampal neurons even after 24 hr of cultivation on NCAM-expressing fibroblasts. Based on these results, we propose a model of NCAM signaling involving two pathways: NCAM-Ras-MAP kinase and NCAM-FGF receptor-PLCgamma-PKC, and we propose that PKC serves as the link between the two pathways activating Raf and thereby creating the sustained activity of the MAP kinases necessary for neuronal differentiation.
Continuing with the Fresnel database: experimental setup and improvements in 3D scattering measurements (2009)

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