gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure and Moisture Permeability of Film-Forming Polymers (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure and Moisture Permeability of Film-Forming PolymersP. W. MorganCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1953, 45, 10, 2296–2306Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50526a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50526a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views425Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Approaches to designing thermally stable Schottky contacts to n-GaN (1999)

The barrier heights of PdIn, Ni/Ga/Ni and Re Schottky contacts to n-GaN were investigated by current-voltage and capacitance-voltage measurements. Elemental Pd and Ni contacts were also investigated for comparison. In each case, the barrier heights were determined as a function of annealing temperature. It was shown that stoichiometric PdIn contacts were more stable than Pd-only contacts. Similarly, Ni/Ga/Ni diodes were found to be more stable than Ni diodes. Both the Ni/Ga/Ni contact and the elemental Re contact were stable on short-term annealing up to 700 °C.
Beta-adrenergic pathways in nonfailing and failing human ventricular myocardium. (1990)

beta-Adrenergic pathways in the human ventricular myocardium mediate the powerful positive inotropic effects of released neurotransmitters (norepinephrine) and circulating hormones (epinephrine) and the response to therapeutically administered beta-agonists. Two genetically and pharmacologically distinct receptors, beta 1 and beta 2, mediate the contractile effects of catecholamines in a similar manner. The biologic signal produced by the occupancy of beta-adrenergic receptors by catecholamine agonists is transduced, amplified, and regulated by a family of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), which serve both stimulatory and inhibitory functions. Although the major biochemical effector of beta-adrenergic receptors is the enzyme protein--coupled directly to ion channels that regulate inotropic and electrophysiological effects. In human ventricular myocardium, heart failure produces changes in the beta-adrenergic receptor pathways that have the collective effect of reducing the degree of inotropic stimulation that may be produced by a given amount of beta-agonist. These changes include downregulation of beta 1-adrenergic receptors, uncoupling of beta 2-adrenergic receptors, and an increase in the functional activity of the inhibitory G protein. These effects in turn are probably caused by exposure to increased amounts of neurotransmitter resulting from a complex series of changes in the cardiac sympathetic nervous system. Finally, the components of the beta-receptor-G protein system may be both acutely and chronically modulated by certain kinds of pharmacological therapy. These observations underscore the importance of the adrenergic nervous system in heart failure, and they create the potential for the development of new interventional strategies designed to alter the natural history of heart muscle disease and heart failure.
The Solution Precursor Plasma Spray Process for Making Durable Thermal Barrier Coatings (2005)

The Solution Precursor Plasma Spray (SPPS) process involves the injection of atomized droplets of precursor into the plasma plume, instead of powder that is used in conventional plasma spray. The resultant thermal barrier coating (TBC) microstructure consists of (1) through-coating-thickness cracks, (2) ultra-fine splats, and (3) nanometer and micrometer-sized dispersed pores. These unique SPPS microstructural features provide highly durable TBCs. The SPPS TBCs in 1121°C /1 hour cyclic furnace tests exhibit a significantly improved spallation life compared to APS, DVC, and EB-PVD/Pt-Al TBCs. Extensive process diagnostic and modeling studies have been conducted to provide a foundation for understanding and control of the process. Process/microstructure/property relationships have been defined. Extension of the process for making thick coatings (&gt; 3mm) and low thermal conductivity coatings are described.
Accounting-Based Stock Price Anomalies: Separating Market Inefficiencies from Risk (1996)

We examine six accounting-based stock price anomalies using two sets of tests to determine the extent to which the anomalies (a) represent market mispricing, or (b) reflect premia for unidentified risks. Market mispricing is indicated if the anomalous returns are concentrated around subsequent earnings announcements, in patterns suggesting that the earnings information causes traders to reexamine their prior (incorrect) beliefs. Mispricing is also indicated if anomalous returns on zero investment portfolios are positive, period after period. Our results indicate that an anomaly based on earnings momentum probably reflects market mispricing, but that two value/glamour anomalies (based on the book/market ratio and the earnings/price ratio), and two anomalies based on computerized fundamental analyses (from Ou and Penman 1989 and Holthausen and Larcker 1992) are more likely to reflect risk premia than indicated by prior research. Evidence on a sixth anomaly, based on price momentum, is mixed.
Analysis of multithreaded microprocessors under multiprogramming (1992)

We examine multithreading to improve uniprocessor cost/performance on multiple processes. Processor utilization and cache behavior are studied analytically and under simulation by interleaving reference traces to model timesharing and multithreading. Multithreading a small number of threads is superior with large on-chip caches and significant memory latency. The switch need not be extremely fast. Surprisingly, miss ratios under multithreading may be lower than under timesharing, because switch-on-miss multithreading favors processes with better cache behavior.
Spreading of RNA Targeting and DNA Methylation in RNA Silencing Requires Transcription of the Target Gene and a Putative RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (2002)

RNA silencing is a sequence-specific RNA degradation process that follows the recognition of double-stranded RNA. Here, we show that virus vectors carrying parts of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgene targeted RNA silencing in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis against the entire GFP RNA. These results indicate that there was spreading of RNA targeting from the initiator region into the adjacent 5' and 3' regions of the target gene. Spreading was accompanied by methylation of the corresponding GFP DNA. It also was dependent on transcription of the transgene and on the putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, SDE1/SGS2. These findings indicate that SDE1/SGS2 produces double-stranded RNA using the target RNA as a template. RNA silencing of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and phytoene desaturase was not associated with the spreading of RNA targeting or DNA methylation, indicating that these endogenous RNAs are not templates for SDE1/SGS2.
Aberrantly resolved RAG-mediated DNA breaks in Atm-deficient lymphocytes target chromosomal breakpoints incis (2009)

Canonical chromosomal translocations juxtaposing antigen receptor genes and oncogenes are a hallmark of many lymphoid malignancies. These translocations frequently form through the joining of DNA ends from double-strand breaks (DSBs) generated by the recombinase activating gene (RAG)-1 and -2 proteins at lymphocyte antigen receptor loci and breakpoint targets near oncogenes. Our understanding of chromosomal breakpoint target selection comes primarily from the analyses of these lesions, which are selected based on their transforming properties. RAG DSBs are rarely resolved aberrantly in wild-type developing lymphocytes. However, in ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-deficient lymphocytes, RAG breaks are frequently joined aberrantly, forming chromosomal lesions such as translocations that predispose (ATM)-deficient mice and humans to the development of lymphoid malignancies. Here, an approach that minimizes selection biases is used to isolate a large cohort of breakpoint targets of aberrantly resolved RAG DSBs in Atm-deficient lymphocytes. Analyses of this cohort revealed that frequently, the breakpoint targets for aberrantly resolved RAG breaks are other DSBs. Moreover, these nonselected lesions exhibit a bias for using breakpoints in cis, forming small chromosomal deletions, rather than breakpoints in trans, forming chromosomal translocations.
Inflammatory mechanisms in ischemic stroke: role of inflammatory cells (2010)

Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke and other forms of ischemic brain injury. Experimentally and clinically, the brain responds to ischemic injury with an acute and prolonged inflammatory process, characterized by rapid activation of resident cells (mainly microglia), production of proinflammatory mediators, and infiltration of various types of inflammatory cells (including neutrophils, different subtypes of T cells, monocyte/macrophages, and other cells) into the ischemic brain tissue. These cellular events collaboratively contribute to ischemic brain injury. Despite intense investigation, there are still numerous controversies concerning the time course of the recruitment of inflammatory cells in the brain and their pathogenic roles in ischemic brain injury. In this review, we provide an overview of the time-dependent recruitment of different inflammatory cells following focal cerebral I/R. We discuss how these cells contribute to ischemic brain injury and highlight certain recent findings and currently unanswered questions about inflammatory cells in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke.
Regulated expression of a foreign gene targeted to the ischaemic myocardium (1997)

Hypoxia responsive regulatory elements, in combination with weak tissue-restricted promoters incorporated into an appropriate vector system may allow controlled expression of a therapeutic gene in ischaemic myocardium.
Mycobacteria Target DC-SIGN to Suppress Dendritic Cell Function (2002)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis represents a world-wide health risk and immunosuppression is a particular problem in M. tuberculosis infections. Although macrophages are primarily infected, dendritic cells (DCs) are important in inducing cellular immune responses against M. tuberculosis. We hypothesized that DCs represent a target for M. tuberculosis and that the observed immuno-suppression results from modulation of DC functions. We demonstrate that the DC-specific C-type lectin DC-SIGN is an important receptor on DCs that captures and internalizes intact Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) through the mycobacterial cell wall component ManLAM. Antibodies against DC-SIGN block M. bovis BCG infection of DCs. ManLAM is also secreted by M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages and has been implicated as a virulence factor. Strikingly, ManLAM binding to DC-SIGN prevents mycobacteria- or LPS-induced DC maturation. Both mycobacteria and LPS induce DC maturation through Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, suggesting that DC-SIGN, upon binding of ManLAM, interferes with TLR-mediated signals. Blocking antibodies against DC-SIGN reverse the ManLAM-mediated immunosuppressive effects. Our results suggest that M. tuberculosis targets DC-SIGN both to infect DCs and to down-regulate DC-mediated immune responses. Moreover, we demonstrate that DC-SIGN has a broader pathogen recognition profile than previously shown, suggesting that DC-SIGN may represent a molecular target for clinical intervention in infections other than HIV-1.
Complete cDNA sequence coding for the MHC class II RT1.B α chain of the LEWIS rat (1989)

Journal Article Complete cDNA sequence coding for the MHC class II RT1.B α chain of the LEWIS rat Get access Jessica Syha, Jessica Syha Institut fur Immunologie, Universitat MainzObere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, D-6500 Mainz, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Wolfgang Henkes, Wolfgang Henkes Institut fur Immunologie, Universitat MainzObere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, D-6500 Mainz, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Konrad Reske Konrad Reske Institut fur Immunologie, Universitat MainzObere Zahlbacher Strasse 67, D-6500 Mainz, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 17, Issue 10, 25 May 1989, Page 3985, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/17.10.3985 Published: 25 May 1989 Article history Received: 11 April 1989 Published: 25 May 1989
Missense mutations but not allelic variants alter the function of ATM by dominant interference in patients with breast cancer (2002)

The human genetic disorder ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is characterized by hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation and an elevated risk of malignancy. Epidemiological data support an increased risk for breast and other cancers in A-T heterozygotes. However, screening breast cancer cases for truncating mutations in the ATM (A-T mutated) gene has failed largely to reveal an increased incidence in these patients. It has been hypothesized that ATM missense mutations are implicated in breast cancer, and there is some evidence to support this. The presence of a large variety of rare missense variants in addition to common polymorphisms in ATM makes it difficult to establish such a relationship by association studies. To investigate the functional significance of these changes we have introduced missense substitutions, identified in either A-T or breast cancer patients, into ATM cDNA before establishing stable cell lines to determine their effect on ATM function. Pathogenic missense mutations and neutral missense variants were distinguished initially by their capacity to correct the radiosensitive phenotype in A-T cells. Furthermore missense mutations abolished the radiation-induced kinase activity of ATM in normal control cells, caused chromosome instability, and reduced cell viability in irradiated control cells, whereas neutral variants failed to do so. Mutant ATM was expressed at the same level as endogenous protein, and interference with normal ATM function seemed to be by multimerization. This approach represents a means of identifying genuine ATM mutations and addressing the significance of missense changes in the ATM gene in a variety of cancers including breast cancer.
The effects of a four-fold increased orthodontic force magnitude on tooth movement and root resorptions. An intra-individual study in adolescents (1996)

This clinical and histological study was designed as an intra-individual study to investigate the effect on tooth movements and adverse tissue reactions (root resorption) when a fixed orthodontic appliance was activated with a controlled, continuous force of 50 cN (approximately equal to 50 g) or with a four-fold larger force (200 cN approximately equal to 200 g). The first premolar on both sides of the maxilla in eight individuals, six boys and two girls (mean age 13.0 years), was moved buccally during 7 weeks with 50 cN and 200 cN alternately on the right or left size. During the first week a force reduction of 18 and 28 per cent (on average) was registered in the 50 cN and 200 cN group respectively. Tooth movements were studied by means of dental casts using a coordinate measuring machine. The magnitude of the mean horizontal crown movement increased 50 per cent when a force of 200 cN was applied compared with a 50 cN force (3.4-5.1 mm on average) and the difference was significant. Root resorptions were registered in histological sections of the extracted test teeth with no significant difference in frequency or severity between the two forces used. Individual variations were large regarding both tooth movement and root resorption. Possible reasons to explain the results as well as the clinical implications of the findings are discussed.
Design, Construction, and In Vitro Analyses of Multivalent Antibodies (2003)

Some Abs are more efficacious after being cross-linked to form dimers or multimers, presumably as a result of binding to and clustering more surface target to either amplify or diversify cellular signaling. To improve the therapeutic potency of these types of Abs, we designed and generated Abs that express tandem Fab repeats with the aim of mimicking cross-linked Abs. The versatile design of the system enables the creation of a series of multivalent human IgG Ab forms including tetravalent IgG1, tetravalent F(ab')2, and linear Fab multimers with either three or four consecutively linked Fabs. The multimerized Abs target the cell surface receptors HER2, death receptor 5, and CD20, and are more efficacious than their parent mAbs in triggering antitumor cellular responses, indicating they could be useful both as reagents for study as well as novel therapeutics.
Methane production and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in children living in a slum (2012)

Children who live in inadequate environmental conditions are at risk of bacterial overgrowth and methane production. Hydrogen is a substrate for methane production in the colon.
Antibodies against MERS Coronavirus in Dromedary Camels, United Arab Emirates, 2003 and 2013 (2014)

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has caused an ongoing outbreak of severe acute respiratory tract infection in humans in the Arabian Peninsula since 2012. Dromedary camels have been implicated as possible viral reservoirs. We used serologic assays to analyze 651 dromedary camel serum samples from the United Arab Emirates; 151 of 651 samples were obtained in 2003, well before onset of the current epidemic, and 500 serum samples were obtained in 2013. Recombinant spike protein-specific immunofluorescence and virus neutralization tests enabled clear discrimination between MERS-CoV and bovine CoV infections. Most (632/651, 97.1%) camels had antibodies against MERS-CoV. This result included all 151 serum samples obtained in 2003. Most (389/651, 59.8%) serum samples had MERS-CoV-neutralizing antibody titers >1,280. Dromedary camels from the United Arab Emirates were infected at high rates with MERS-CoV or a closely related, probably conspecific, virus long before the first human MERS cases.
A Salmonella typhimurium htrA live vaccine expressing multiple copies of a peptide comprising amino acids 8–23 of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D as a genetic fusion to tetanus toxin fragment C protects mice from herpes simplex virus infection (1996)

Multiple tandem copies of an immunogenic epitope comprising amino acids 8–23 of glycoprotein D of herpes simplex virus (HSV) were expressed as C‐terminal fusions to tetanus toxin fragment C (TetC) in different Salmonella typhimurium live vaccine strains. Expression of the longer fusions was best in strains harbouring a lesion in htrA , a stress protein gene. SL3261, an aroA strain, did not effectively express the longer fusions. Mice immunised with an S. typhimurium C5 htrA mutant expressing fusions with two or four copies of the peptide made an antibody response to both the peptide and TetC, whereas constructs expressing one copy of the peptide only elicited antibody to TetC. A non‐immunogenic octameric fusion underwent rearrangements in vivo resulting in a predominantly monomeric fusion. In contrast, the S. typhimurium SL3261 aroA vaccine expressing the TetC‐tetrameric fusion did not elicit antibody to the peptide. Sera from mice immunised with a single dose of the dimer and tetramer fusions in the htrA strain neutralised HSV in vitro , and the mice were protected from HSV infection as measured by a reduction in virus load in the ear pinna. We have previously shown that mice vaccinated with salmonella expressing TetC are protected against tetanus toxin and virulent salmonella challenge. These results suggest that it may be possible to develop a multivalent vaccine against salmonellosis, tetanus and HSV.
Broadly protective human antibodies that target the active site of influenza virus neuraminidase (2019)

Better vaccines against influenza virus are urgently needed to provide broader protection against diverse strains, subtypes, and types. Such efforts are assisted by the identification of novel broadly neutralizing epitopes targeted by protective antibodies. Influenza vaccine development has largely focused on the hemagglutinin, but the other major surface antigen, the neuraminidase, has reemerged as a potential target for universal vaccines. We describe three human monoclonal antibodies isolated from an H3N2-infected donor that bind with exceptional breadth to multiple different influenza A and B virus neuraminidases. These antibodies neutralize the virus, mediate effector functions, are broadly protective in vivo, and inhibit neuraminidase activity by directly binding to the active site. Structural and functional characterization of these antibodies will inform the development of neuraminidase-based universal vaccines against influenza virus.
Mechanical Detachable Platinum Coil: Report of the European Phase II Clinical Trial in 60 Patients (2001)

The detachment system was safe and reliable. This is a useful system for coil embolization in neurovascular diseases.
The structural characterization and bilirubin‐binding properties of albumin Herborn, a [Lys240→Glu] albumin mutant (1993)

We report the molecular defect of albumin Herborn, a new genetic variant of human serum albumin which has been found in Germany. Isoelectric focusing analysis of CNBr fragments from the purified variant allowed us to localize the mutation in fragment CNBr 3 (residues 124-298). This fragment was isolated on a preparative scale and subjected to tryptic and V8 protease digestion. Sequence determination of the abnormal tryptic and V8 peptides revealed that the variant arises from the substitution Lys240-->Glu. The -2 charge change of albumin Herborn, which is probably due to a A-->G transition in the first position of the corresponding codon in the structural gene, has no significant effect on its electrophoretic mobility under non-denaturating conditions. Therefore we have assumed that residue 240, which has been implicated in the bilirubin primary binding site (Jacobsen, C. (1978) Biochem. J. 171, 453-459), is buried. The binding of bilirubin and biliverdin by albumin Herborn was quantified using the fluorescence quenching method. The apparent equilibrium association constants (Ka +/- SD) and the number of high-affinity binding sites (n) of the defatted variant for bilirubin and biliverdin were Ka = 1.03 +/- 0.18 x 10(8) M-1, n = 1.07; and Ka = 7.48 +/- 1.10 x 10(6) M-1, n = 1.01, respectively. The Ka values are about 93.3% and 99.1% of the values found for the normal protein under the same conditions. These results strongly suggest that Lys240 of human serum albumin is not the basic residue involved in ion pairing with one of the carboxylate groups of bilirubin at its high-affinity site.