gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The tool positioning tutor: a target-pose tracking and display system for learning correct placement of a medical device. (2011)

Safe and successful performance of medical procedures often requires the correct manual positioning of a tool. For example, during endotracheal intubation a laryngoscope is used to open a passage in the airway through which a breathing tube is inserted. During training it can be challenging for an experienced practitioner to effectively communicate to a novice the correct placement and orientation of a tool. We have implemented a real-time tracking and position display system to enhance learning correct laryngoscope placement. The system displays a 3D model of the laryngoscope. A clinical teacher can correctly position the laryngoscope to open the airway of a full-body simulator, then set this tool pose as the target position. The system displays to the learner the fixed, target pose and a real-time display of the current, "live" laryngoscope position. Positional error metrics are displayed as color-coded visual cues to guide the user toward successful targeting of the reference position. This technique provides quantitative assessment of the degree to which a learner has matched a specified "expert" position with a tool, and is potentially applicable to a wide variety of tools and procedures.
Prevention of experimental colitis by parenteral administration of a pathogen-derived immunomodulatory molecule (2006)

Our finding shows that FHA suppresses type 1 T helper and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and ameliorates disease activity in a chronic T cell-dependent model of colitis, an effect that was not dependent on IL10 production by T cells, but was associated with induction of anti-inflammatory cytokines in vivo. Having already been used as a pertussis vaccine component in children, FHA is a promising candidate for clinical testing in patients with Crohn's disease.
Synthesis of L-Thiocitrulline, L-Homothiocitrulline, and S-Methyl-L-thiocitrulline: A New Class of Potent Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of L-Thiocitrulline, L-Homothiocitrulline, and S-Methyl-L-thiocitrulline: A New Class of Potent Nitric Oxide Synthase InhibitorsKrishnaswamy Narayanan and Owen W. GriffithCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1994, 37, 7, 885–887Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00033a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00033a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views393Altmetric-Citations95LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Determination of protein-derived epitopes by mass spectrometry (2005)

Mass spectrometry has evolved as a technique suitable for the characterization of peptides and proteins beyond their linear sequence. The advantages of mass spectrometric sample analysis are high sensitivity, high mass accuracy, rapid analysis time and low sample consumption. In epitope mapping, the molecular structure of an antigen (the epitope or antigenic determinant) that interacts with the paratope (recognition surface) of the antibody is identified. To obtain information on linear, conformational and/or discontinuous epitopes, various approaches have been developed in conjunction with mass spectrometry. These methods include limited proteolysis and epitope footprinting, epitope excision and epitope extraction for linear epitopes and probing the surface accessibility of residues by differential chemical modifications of specific amino acid side chains or by differential hydrogen/deuterium exchange of the protein backbone amides for conformational and discontinuous epitopes. Epitope mapping by mass spectrometry is applicable in basic biochemical research and, with increasing robustness, should soon find its implementation in routine clinical diagnosis.
Modeling noise and modulation performance of fiber grating external cavity lasers (1997)

A detailed model is developed for analyzing fiber grating external cavity lasers for both static and small-signal modulation conditions. The chip and package parasitics and leakage current induced distortion are included. The composite system is solved analytically in the small-signal regime using a Volterra functional series expansion method. As an application of the model, a thorough analysis of the appearance of nulls close to the harmonics of the cavity resonance frequency in the noise and modulation spectra is given. We show that the appearance of these nulls can be explained using the interplay of amplitude and phase coupling between laser diode and external resonant cavity. A signal flow graph approach is introduced which identifies methods of minimizing the nulls.
Polyphosphonium Polymers for siRNA Delivery: An Efficient and Nontoxic Alternative to Polyammonium Carriers (2012)

A water-soluble polyphosphonium polymer was synthesized and directly compared with its ammonium analog in terms of siRNA delivery. The triethylphosphonium polymer shows transfection efficiency up to 65% with 100% cell viability, whereas the best result obtained for the ammonium analog reaches only 25% transfection with 85% cell viability. Moreover, the nature of the alkyl substituents on the phosphonium cations is shown to have an important influence on the transfection efficiency and toxicity of the polyplexes. The present results show that the use of positively charged phosphonium groups is a worthy choice to achieve a good balance between toxicity and transfection efficiency in gene delivery systems.
Selective Toxicity of NSC73306 in MDR1-Positive Cells as a New Strategy to Circumvent Multidrug Resistance in Cancer (2006)

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins include the best known mediators of resistance to anticancer drugs. In particular, ABCB1 [MDR1/P-glycoprotein (P-gp)] extrudes many types of drugs from cancer cells, thereby conferring resistance to those agents. Attempts to overcome P-gp-mediated drug resistance using specific inhibitors of P-gp has had limited success and has faced many therapeutic challenges. As an alternative approach to using P-gp inhibitors, we characterize a thiosemicarbazone derivative (NSC73306) identified in a generic screen as a compound that exploits, rather than suppresses, P-gp function to induce cytotoxicity. Cytotoxic activity of NSC73306 was evaluated in vitro using human epidermoid, ovarian, and colon cancer cell lines expressing various levels of P-gp. Our findings suggest that cells become hypersensitive to NSC73306 in proportion to the increased P-gp function and multidrug resistance (MDR). Abrogation of both sensitivity to NSC73306 and resistance to P-gp substrate anticancer agents occurred with specific inhibition of P-gp function using either a P-gp inhibitor (PSC833, XR9576) or RNA interference, suggesting that cytotoxicity was linked to MDR1 function, not to other, nonspecific factors arising during the generation of resistant or transfected cells. Molecular characterization of cells selected for resistance to NSC73306 revealed loss of P-gp expression and consequent loss of the MDR phenotype. Although hypersensitivity to NSC73306 required functional expression of P-gp, biochemical assays revealed no direct interaction between NSC73306 and P-gp. This article shows that NSC73306 kills cells with intrinsic or acquired P-gp-induced MDR and indirectly acts to eliminate resistance to MDR1 substrates.
Short Peptide-Based Tolerogens Without Self-Antigenic or Pathogenic Activity Reverse Autoimmune Disease (1998)

An immunodominant epitope of myelin basic protein (MBP), VHFFKNIVTPRTP (p87-99), is a major target of T cells in brain lesions of multiple sclerosis (MS), and this peptide can trigger experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We designed truncated peptides based on this pathogenic 13-mer that are not antigenic. These short peptides reduced production of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in vivo. Moreover, paraplegic rats given the 7-mer FKNIVTP in soluble form showed total reversal of paralysis in 24 h. Truncated peptides that are too small to stimulate antigenic responses to pathogenic regions of myelin basic protein are nevertheless effective tolerogens and are able to anergize autoreactive T cells. Short peptide-based tolerogens, devoid of immunogenic and pathogenic potential, may be attractive for therapy of autoimmune diseases.
A conjugated polymer/redox polymer hybrid with electronic communication between metal centres (1997)

Enhanced electrochemical charge transport rates in a conjugated metallopolymer formed by complexation of [Ru(2,2′-bpy) 2 ] 2+ moieties to donor N-atoms in the backbone of a benzimidazole-based polymer provide strong evidence for electronic communication between metal centres.
Reconfigurable Displays Used as Primary Automotive Instrumentation (1989)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Application guidelines were established to structure the driver interface required for a reconfigurable automotive primary display. An advanced driver information system incorporating these guidelines was integrated into a concept car. This paper describes the design, integration, implementation, and ongoing evaluation of this system.&lt;/div&gt;
Antidepressants and neuroplasticity (2002)

These results suggest that depression maybe associated with a disruption of mechanisms that govern cell survival and neural plasticity in the brain. Antidepressants could mediate their effects by increasing neurogenesis and modulating the signaling pathways involved in plasticity and survival.
A human breast tissue-associated antigen detected by a monoclonal antibody. (1983)

Two monoclonal antibodies were produced in mice immunized with the human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7. One antibody (24-17.1) reacted with MCF-7 and other breast tumor cell lines and detected an antigen of Mr 95,000. This antigen was not breast-specific because other tumor cell lines were also reactive. The second antibody (24-17.2) detected an antigen of Mr 100,000 (initially appearing to be specific for breast tissue and possibly for breast carcinomas) which was present on 10 of 10 malignant breast lines and absent from 41 of 43 other cell lines of differing origins. The antigen could not be detected by absorption or a direct test on normal tissues (liver, kidney, heart, spleen) or on lymphocytes. In addition, the 24-17.2 antibody reacted absorptively with 12 of 13 fresh breast carcinoma samples but not with fresh colon carcinoma samples. The 100,000-Mr antigen detected by the 24-17.2 antibody appeared to be distinct from the other components of normal breast, such as casein, lactalbumin, or milk fat globulin protein. This evidence indicated that the 24-17.2 antibody detected a human breast carcinoma-associated antigen (HBCAA). However, further histologic studies were used to determine the cellular distribution of the HBCAA, which was found on malignant breast epithelium, the epithelium of gynecomastia, and in lesser amounts and differently distributed on normal breast epithelium. The antigen was also found in several other tissues; nonetheless, the anti-HBCAA could be detected in increased amounts in the sera of patients with breast cancer.
Dialogue Act Classification, Higher Order Dialogue Structure, and Instance-Based Learning (2013)

The main goal of this paper is to explore the predictive power of dialogue context on Dialogue Act classification, both as concerns the linear context provided by previous dialogue acts, and the hierarchical context specified by conversational games. As our learning approach, we extend Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) as Feature LSA (FLSA), and combine FLSA with the k-Nearest Neighbor algorithm. FLSA adds richer linguistic features to LSA, which only uses words. The k-Nearest Neighbor algorithm obtains its best results when applied to the reduced semantic spaces generated by FLSA. Empirically, our results are better than previously published results on two different corpora, MapTask and CallHome Spanish. Linguistically, we confirm and extend previous observations that the hierarchical dialogue structure encoded via the notion of game is of primary importance for dialogue act recognition.
Drier Catalyst Activity of 1,10-Phenanthroline in Organic Coatings (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDrier Catalyst Activity of 1,10-Phenanthroline in Organic CoatingsW. H. Canty, G. K. Wheeler, and R. R. MyersCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1960, 52, 1, 67–70Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50601a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50601a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views68Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Reticular Chemistry:  Occurrence and Taxonomy of Nets and Grammar for the Design of Frameworks (2005)

The structures of all 1127 three-periodic extended metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) reported in the Cambridge Structure Database have been analyzed, and their underlying topology has been determined. It is remarkable that among the almost infinite number of net topologies that are available for MOFs to adopt, only a handful of nets are actually observed. The discovery of this inversion between expected and observed nets led us to deduce a system of classification "taxonomy" for interpreting and rationalizing known MOF structures, as well as those that will be made in future. The origin of this inversion is attributed to the different modes with which MOF synthesis has been approached. Specifically, three levels of complexity are defined that embody rules "grammar" for the design of MOFs and other extended structures. This system accounts for the present proliferation of MOF structures of high symmetry nets, but more importantly, it provides the basis for designing a building block that "codes" for a specific structure and, indeed, only that structure.
A novel human-derived antibody against NY-ESO-1 improves the efficacy of chemotherapy (2013)

We investigated whether antibodies against intracellular tumor-associated antigens support tumor-specific immunity when administered together with a treatment that destroys the tumor. We propose that released antigens form immune complexes with the antibodies, which are then efficiently taken up by dendritic cells. We cloned the first human monoclonal antibodies against the Cancer/Testis (CT) antigen, NY-ESO-1. We tested whether the monoclonal anti-NY-ESO-1 antibody (12D7) facilitates cross-presentation of a NY-ESO-1-derived epitope by dendritic cells to human CD8+ T cells, and whether this results in the maturation of dendritic cells in vitro. We investigated the efficacy of 12D7 in combination with chemotherapy using BALB/c mice bearing syngeneic CT26 tumors that express intracellular NY-ESO-1. Human dendritic cells that were incubated with NY-ESO-1:12D7 immune complexes efficiently stimulated NY-ESO-1(157-165)/HLA-A2-specific human CD8+ T cells to produce interferon-γ, whereas NY-ESO-1 alone did not. Furthermore, the incubation of dendritic cells with NY-ESO-1:12D7 immune complexes resulted in the maturation of dendritic cells. Treatment of BALB/c mice that bear CT26/NY-ESO-1 tumors with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) plus 12D7 was significantly more effective than chemotherapy alone. We propose systemic injection of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against tumor-associated antigens plus a treatment that promotes the local release of those antigens resulting in immune complex formation as a novel therapeutic modality for cancer.
Synergistic Effects between Conventional Antibiotics and 2-Aminoimidazole-Derived Antibiofilm Agents (2010)

2-aminoimidazoles are an emerging class of small molecules that possess the ability to inhibit and disperse biofilms across bacterial order, class, and phylum. Herein, we report the synergistic effect between a 2-aminoimidazole/triazole conjugate and antibiotics toward dispersing preestablished biofilms, culminating with a 3-orders-of-magnitude increase of biofilm dispersion toward Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Furthermore, we document that the 2-aminoimidazole/triazole conjugate will also resensitize multidrug-resistant strains of bacteria to the effects of conventional antibiotics, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.
THE THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF METHYL HYDROPEROXIDE (1965)

The thermal decomposition of methyl hydroperoxide has been studied in solution and in the gas phase. The decomposition was found to be partly heterogeneous in solution in dimethyl phthalate and no reliable rate constants were obtained. Use of the toluene carrier method for the gas phase work enabled measurement of the rate constant for the homogeneous decomposition. The first order rate constants obtained range from 0.19 s −1 at 292 °C to 1.5 s −1 at 378 °C, leading to log A, 11± 2, and activation energy, 32 ± 5 kcal/mole. These results are compared with the expected values of log A, 13–14, and activation energy, 42 kcal/mole. The significance of these findings is discussed.
Direct Link between Microwave and Optical Frequencies with a 300 THz Femtosecond Laser Comb (2000)

We demonstrate a great simplification in the long-standing problem of measuring optical frequencies in terms of the cesium primary standard. An air-silica microstructure optical fiber broadens the frequency comb of a femtosecond laser to span the optical octave from 1064 to 532 nm, enabling us to measure the 282 THz frequency of an iodine-stabilized Nd:YAG laser directly in terms of the microwave frequency that controls the comb spacing. Additional measurements of established optical frequencies at 633 and 778 nm using the same femtosecond comb confirm the accepted uncertainties for these standards.
Evaluating the Specificity of Antisense Oligonucleotide Conjugates (2002)

Antisense oligonucleotides are potentially powerful tools for selective control of cellular and viral gene expression. Crucial to successful application of this approach is the specificity of the oligonucleotide for the chosen RNA target. Here we apply DNA array technology to examine the specificity of antisense oligonucleotide treatments. The molecules used in these studies consisted of phosphorothioate oligomers linked to the Antennapedia (Ant) delivery peptide. The antisense oligonucleotide component was complementary to a site flanking the AUG of the MDR1 message, which codes for P-glycoprotein, a membrane ATPase associated with multidrug resistance in tumor cells. Using a DNA array of 2059 genes, we analyzed cellular responses to molecules comprised of Ant peptide-oligonucleotide conjugates, as well as to the Ant peptide alone. Besides the expected reduction in MDR1 message level, 37 other genes (approximately 2% of those tested) showed changes of comparable magnitude. The validity of the array results was confirmed for selected genes using Northern blots to assess messenger RNA levels. These results suggest that studies using antisense oligonucleotide technology to modulate gene expression need to be interpreted with caution.
Influence of growth factors on poultry myogenic satellite cells (1999)

Skeletal muscle development in avian and mammalian embryos depends on the proliferation, differentiation, and fusion of embryonic myoblasts. During the late fetal period and following birth or hatching, myogenic satellite cells are responsible for this developmental function. Satellite cells, which are found adjacent to existing skeletal muscle fibers fuse with these fibers and their nuclei direct the synthesis of new protein and function in the maturation of muscle. These events are controlled by specific growth factors that are produced locally by satellite cells and other cells in the muscle. Progress in our understanding of the early events in myogenesis has been made possible by the development of satellite cell cultures and media formulations that allow the assessment of the role of growth factors in skeletal muscle growth and development. Because of the key role that satellite cells play in skeletal muscle growth, development, and regeneration, many scientists in both the agricultural and medical communities have focused their research on understanding the physiology of this cell. From an agricultural perspective, a better understanding of the mechanisms regulating satellite cell activity may lead to procedures to increase the deposition and efficiency of lean muscle (meat) accretion and, perhaps, improve the nutrient composition of meat products.