gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interleukin 2 receptor (Tac antigen) expression in HTLV-I-associated adult T-cell leukemia. (1985)

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a lymphokine synthesized by some T-cells following activation. Resting T-cells do not express IL-2 receptors, but receptors are rapidly expressed on T-cells following interaction of antigens, mitogens, or monoclonal antibodies with the antigen-specific T-cell receptor complex. Using anti-Tac, a monoclonal antibody that recognizes the IL-2 receptor, the receptor has been purified and shown to be a Mr 33,000 peptide that is posttranslationally glycosylated to a Mr 55,000 mature form. Normal resting T-cells and most leukemic T-cell populations do not express IL-2 receptors; however, the leukemic cells of the 11 patients examined who had human T-cell lymphotropic virus-associated adult T-cell leukemia expressed the Tac antigen. In human T-cell lymphotropic virus-I infected cells, the Mr 42,000 long open reading frame protein encoded in part by the pX region of this virus may act as a transacting transcriptional activator that induces IL-2 receptor gene transcription, thus providing an explanation for the constant association of IL-2 receptor expression with adult T-cell lymphotropic virus-I infection of lymphoid cells. The constant expression of large numbers of IL-2 receptors which may be aberrant may play a role in the uncontrolled growth of adult T-cell leukemia cells. Two patients with Tac-positive adult T-cell leukemia have been treated with the anti-Tac. One of the patients had 6- and 3-mo remissions of his leukemia following two courses of therapy with this monoclonal antibody directed toward this growth factor receptor.
Targeted Therapy for Advanced Basal-Cell Carcinoma: Vismodegib and Beyond (2013)

Basal-cell carcinoma is a commonly occurring skin malignancy that has the potential to progress into locally invasive or resistant disease, as well as spread distantly. Due to advances in the molecular understanding of the disease over the last two decades, it has been discovered that the Hedgehog pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease and can be exploited as a treatment target. Several agents that inhibit the Hedgehog pathway have reached clinical studies and one drug, vismodegib, has recently been US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved based on clinical activity and tolerability in patients with advanced basal-cell carcinoma. This review will describe the clinical development of vismodegib, as well as the proper application of the drug in clinical practice. Other important clinical questions, such as mechanisms of resistance to vismodegib and the role of other Hedgehog pathway inhibitors currently in development will also be discussed.
Renal medullary hypoxia during experimental cardiopulmonary bypass: a pilot study (2005)

Our findings indicate that renal medullary hypoxia is extreme during CPB and may persist following CPB. These data suggest a basis for the vulnerability of the kidney to injury during cardiac surgery. Renal pelvis urine PO2 appears to correlate closely with medullary PO2 and may be a useful tool for studying medullary oxygenation during CPB in humans.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induce Functionally Active T-Regulatory Lymphocytes in a Paracrine Fashion and Ameliorate Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis (2012)

The authors demonstrated that MSCs can inhibit EAU and that their immunomodulatory function is due at least in part to the induction of antigen-specific Treg in a paracrine fashion by secreting TGFβ.
The Cell Adhesion Domain of Type XVII Collagen Promotes Integrin-mediated Cell Spreading by a Novel Mechanism (2001)

Type XVII collagen (BP180) is a keratinocyte transmembrane protein that exists as the full-length protein in hemidesmosomes and as a 120-kDa shed ectodomain in the extracellular matrix. The largest collagenous domain of type XVII collagen, COL15, has been described previously as a cell adhesion domain (Tasanen, K., Eble, J. A., Aumailley, M., Schumann, H., Baetge, J, Tu, H., Bruckner, P., and Bruckner-Tuderman, L. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 3093-3099). In the present work, the integrin binding of triple helical, human recombinant COL15 was tested. Solid phase binding assays using recombinant integrin alpha(1)I, alpha(2)I, and alpha(10)I domains and cell spreading assays with alpha(1)beta(1)- and alpha(2)beta(1)-expressing Chinese hamster ovary cells showed that, unlike other collagens, COL15 was not recognized by the collagen receptors. Denaturation of the COL15 domain increased the spreading of human HaCaT keratinocytes, which could migrate on the denatured COL15 domain as effectively as on fibronectin. Spreading of HaCaT cells on the COL15 domain was mediated by alpha(5)beta(1) and alpha(V)beta(1) integrins, and it could be blocked by RGD peptides. The collagen alpha-chains in the COL15 domain do not contain RGD motifs but, instead, contain 12 closely related KGD motifs, four in each of the three alpha-chains. Twenty-two overlapping, synthetic peptides corresponding to the entire COL15 domain were tested; three peptides, all containing the KGD motif, inhibited the spreading of HaCaT cells on denatured COL15 domain. Furthermore, this effect was lost by mutation from D to E (KGE instead of KGD). We suggest that the COL15 domain of type XVII collagen represents a specific collagenous structure, unable to interact with the cellular receptors for other collagens. After being shed from the cell surface, it may support keratinocyte spreading and migration.
Smart visible sets for networked virtual environments (2003)

The real-time visualization of complex virtual environments across a network is a challenging problem in computer graphics. The use of pre-computed visibility associated to regions in space, such as in the potentially visible sets (PVS) approach, may reduce the amount of data sent across the network. However, PVS for a region may still be complex, and further partitions are necessary. In this paper we introduce the concept of a smart visible set (SVS), which corresponds to (1) a partition of PVS information into dynamic subsets that take into account client position, and (2) an ordering mechanism that enumerates these dynamic sets using a visual importance metric. Results comparing the SVS and PVS approach are presented.
Isolation of human monoclonal antibodies by mammalian cell display (2008)

Due to their low immunogenicity in patients, humanized or fully human mAbs are becoming increasingly important for the treatment of a growing number of diseases, including cancer, infections, and immune disorders. Here, we describe a technology allowing for the rapid isolation of fully human mAbs. In contrast to previously described methods, B cells specific for an antigen of interest are directly isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of human donors. Recombinant, antigen-specific single-chain Fv (scFv) libraries are generated from this pool of B cells and screened by mammalian cell surface display by using a Sindbis virus expression system. This method allows isolating antigen-specific antibodies by a single round of FACS. The variable regions (VRs) of the heavy chains (HCs) and light chains (LCs) are isolated from positive clones and recombinant fully human antibodies produced as whole IgG or Fab fragments. In this manner, several hypermutated high-affinity antibodies binding the Qbeta virus like particle (VLP), a model viral antigen, as well as antibodies specific for nicotine were isolated. All antibodies showed high expression levels in cell culture. The human nicotine-specific mAbs were validated preclinically in a mouse model. Thus, the technology presented here allows for rapid isolation of high-affinity, fully human antibodies with therapeutic potential from human volunteers.
Hand gesture recognition with 3D convolutional neural networks (2015)

Touchless hand gesture recognition systems are becoming important in automotive user interfaces as they improve safety and comfort. Various computer vision algorithms have employed color and depth cameras for hand gesture recognition, but robust classification of gestures from different subjects performed under widely varying lighting conditions is still challenging. We propose an algorithm for drivers' hand gesture recognition from challenging depth and intensity data using 3D convolutional neural networks. Our solution combines information from multiple spatial scales for the final prediction. It also employs spatio-temporal data augmentation for more effective training and to reduce potential overfitting. Our method achieves a correct classification rate of 77.5% on the VIVA challenge dataset.
Comparison of I‐125 sources used for permanent interstitial implants (2001)

The increase in the number of manufacturers of 125I sources used in prostate brachytherapy has generated many questions in the radiation oncology community. In this investigation, the physical and dosimetric characteristics were evaluated for the following sources listed by marketing company and source model: Nycomed-Amersham 6711 (OncoSeed), Nycomed-Amersham 6702, Mentor IoGold, UroMed Symmetra, Imagyn IsoSTAR, UroCor, (PSA, Mallincrkrodt) ProstaSeed, Syncor PharmaSeed, SourceTech Medical, (BARD) 125Implant (BrachySource), Med-Tec I-Plant, Best Medical Model 2301, DraxImage BrachySeed, and International Brachytherapy, Inc. (IBT) InterSource125. The investigation examined the differences in design, construction, and the dosimetric characteristics created from each source. The dosimetric characteristics of the new sources were compared to that of the Amersham 6711 source. Parameter studies have led to the development of a simple equation that can be used to clinically convert the standard 6711 source strength to an equivalent strength of a new source.
Active site dynamics of toluene hydroxylation by cytochrome P-450 (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTActive site dynamics of toluene hydroxylation by cytochrome P-450Robert P. Hanzlik and Kah Hiing John LingCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 13, 3992–3997Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00300a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00300a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views215Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gold Nanorods as Novel Nonbleaching Plasmon-Based Orientation Sensors for Polarized Single-Particle Microscopy (2004)

By monitoring the polarized light scattering from individual gold nanorods in a darkfield microscope, we are able to determine their orientation as a function of time. We demonstrate time resolution of milliseconds and observation times of hours by observing the two-dimensional rotational diffusion of gold rods attached to a glass surface. The observed orientational diffusion shows a fast component of about 60 ms and "sticky times" of seconds. The large signal-to-noise ratio, chemical and photochemical stability, fast time response, and small size of these gold nanorods make them an ideal probe for orientation sensing in material science and molecular biology.
TiO2-Coated Nanoporous SnO2 Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2002)

This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of a core−shell nanoporous electrode consisting of an inner SnO2 matrix and a thin shell of TiO2. The coating is characterized as a very thin rutile TiO2 layer whose conduction band level is located between the levels of bare SnO2 and TiO2. The TiO2 shell acts as an energy barrier at the electrode−electrolyte interface, thus slowing the interaction between the electrons in the electrode and the electrolyte ions. When applied in a dye-sensitized solar cell, the coated electrode is significantly superior to a bare SnO2 electrode. The increase of all cell parameters improves the conversion efficiency by a factor of 2.2. The combination of improved electron collection efficiency with respect to bare SnO2 and a more positive conduction band with respect to bare TiO2 should make dyes having a relatively positive excited-state potential usable in dye-sensitized systems.
Do cytokines really sing the blues? (2013)

The World Health Organization predicts that depression, which already affects about 10 percent of the population in the United States, will be the world’s leading medical condition by 2030. Evidence suggests several causes for depression, including traumatic life events, disease, poison, and nutritional deficiencies. Many of these causes are associated with elevated levels of inflammatory biomarkers in the blood, which may in turn lead to inflammatory changes in the brain. Our authors examine what the latest research reveals about link between inflammation in the brain and depression, and how a better understanding of that link can play a critical first step in the personalization of care.
A control-theoretic approach to flow control (1991)

This paper presents a control-theoretic approach to reactive flow control in networks that do not reserve bandwidth.We assume a round-robin-like queue service discipline in the output queues of the network's switches, and propose deterministic and stochastic models for a single conversation in a network of such switches.These models motivate the Packet-Pair rate probing technique, and a provably stable rate-based flow control scheme.A Kalman state estimator is derived from d~crete-time state space analysis, but there are difficulties in using the estimator in practice.These difficulties are overcome by a novel estimation scheme based on fuzzy logic.We then present a technique to extract and use additional information horn the system to develop a continuous-time system model.This is used to design a wuisnt of the control law that is also provably stable, and, in addition, takes control action as rapidly as possible.Finally, practical issues such as correcting parameter drift and cmmlination with window flow control are described.
Site specific control of crystallographic grain orientation through electron beam additive manufacturing (2014)

Site specific control of the crystallographic orientation of grains within metal components has been unachievable before the advent of metals additive manufacturing (AM) technologies. To demonstrate the capability, the growth of highly misoriented micron scale grains outlining the letters D, O and E, through the thickness of a 25·4 mm tall bulk block comprised of primarily columnar [001] oriented grains made of the nickel base superalloy Inconel 718 was promoted. To accomplish this, electron beam scan strategies were developed based on principles of columnar to equiaxed transitions during solidification. Through changes in scan strategy, the electron beam heat source can rapidly change between point and line heat source modes to promote steady state and/or transient thermal gradients and liquid/solid interface velocity. With this approach, an equiaxed solidification in the regions bounding the letters D, O and E was achieved. The through thickness existence of the equiaxed grain structure outlining the letters within a highly columnar [001] oriented bulk was confirmed through characterizing the bulk specimen with energy selective neutron radiography and confirming with an electron backscatter detection. Ultimately, this demonstration promotes the ability to build metal components with site specific control on crystallographic orientation of grains using the electron beam melting process.
Targeted gene evolution in Escherichia coli using a highly error-prone DNA polymerase I (2003)

We present a system for random mutagenesis in Escherichia coli for the evolution of targeted genes. To increase error rates of DNA polymerase I (Pol I) replication, we introduced point mutations in three structural domains that govern Pol I fidelity. Expression of error-prone Pol I in vivo results in strong mutagenesis of a target sequence encoded in a Pol I-dependent plasmid (8.1 x 10-4 mutations per bp, an 80,000-fold increase), with a preference for plasmid relative to chromosome sequence. Mutagenesis is maximal in cultures maintained at stationary phase. Mutations are evenly distributed and show a variety of base pair substitutions, predominantly transitions. Mutagenesis extends at least 3 kb beyond the 400-500 nt reportedly synthesized by Pol I. We demonstrate that our error-prone Pol I can be used to generate enzymes with distinct properties by generating TEM-1 beta-lactamase mutants able to hydrolyze a third-generation lactam antibiotic, aztreonam. Three different mutations contribute to aztreonam resistance. Two are found in the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases most frequently identified in clinical isolates, and the third (G276R) has not been previously described. Our system of targeted mutagenesis in E. coli should have an impact on enzyme-based applications in areas such as synthetic chemistry, gene therapy, and molecular biology. Given the structural conservation between polymerases, this work should also provide a reference for altering the fidelity of other polymerases.
4-Hydroxyphenyl Retinamide Is a Highly Selective Activator of Retinoid Receptors (1996)

Retinoids have shown promise as anti-cancer and cancer preventative agents. All-trans-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4HPR) belongs to a new group of retinoids that not only inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells but also can induce apoptosis in certain cancer cells. Because of its increased efficacy against cancer cells and its low toxicity it has been entered into a number of clinical trials. However, its mechanism of action is not known, and it had been assumed that it is not a true retinoid. Here we analyze its ability to function as an activator of nuclear retinoid receptors (RARs and RXRs). We observe that, in transactivation assays, 4HPR is a potent transactivator with RARgamma and a moderate activator with RARbeta but is not an activator with RARalpha and RXRalpha. Furthermore, RARgamma-selective transactivation by 4HPR is enhanced on some response elements and reduced on others when compared to natural retinoids. In contrast to transactivation, 4HPR in transrepression assays functions mostly with RARalpha, RARbeta, and RXRalpha. Optimal receptor activation is seen at 4HPR concentrations at which it is a potent growth inhibitor and inducer of apoptosis. We conclude that 4HPR is a highly selective activator of retinoid receptors. We propose that this selective activation of the nuclear receptors is likely to be the basis for its specific biological activities and its favorable pharmaceutical properties.
Calcium ionophore-treated peripheral blood monocytes and dendritic cells rapidly display characteristics of activated dendritic cells (1997)

Human peripheral blood contains a small subpopulation of immature dendritic cells (iDC) distinguished from circulating monocytes by their low expression of CD14. We utilized leukapheresis and countercurrent centrifugal elutriation to obtain myeloid origin mononuclear cell (MOMC) fractions of monocytes and iDC for study. These subpopulations were ultrastructurally and immunophenotypically similar before culture. After a 20- to 96-h culture either alone, with recombinant human granulocyte-monocyte CSF, or with endotoxin, greater up-regulation of costimulatory molecule expression was observed among iDC than among monocytes, and only iDC expressed the activation molecule CD83. Treatment with rhIL-4 caused many MOMC to develop morphologic properties of dendritic cells within 96 h, but costimulatory molecule up-regulation and CD14 down-regulation were heterogeneous, and CD83 expression was infrequent. In contrast, calcium ionophore (CI) treatment induced rapid and consistent effects in MOMC from both healthy volunteers and cancer patients, including down-regulated CD14 expression, acquisition of dendritic cell morphologic properties, up-regulated MHC and costimulatory molecule expression, and de novo CD83 expression. Many such effects occurred within 20 h of treatment. CI treatment activated purified CD14+ monocytes and also enhanced the spontaneous activation of purified CD14-/dim iDC in culture. Unfractionated MOMC, purified monocytes, and purified iDC displayed equivalently enhanced T cell-sensitizing efficiency following CI treatment. CD4+ T cell sensitization to keyhole limpet hemocyanin and CD8+ T cell sensitization to MART-1 melanoma-associated peptide were achieved in a single culture stimulation. Therefore, circulating monocytes and iDC can be induced by CI to manifest properties of activated DC, providing large numbers of efficient, nontransformed autologous APC for T cell sensitization strategies.
A computational model of the cochlea used with cochlear prosthesis patients (2005)

This paper describes a computational model of the cochlea with the appropriate interface for a cochlear prosthesis. This interface consists of two parts. First neural activity is mapped to electrical current density at the neurons. Then the optimal stimulation pattern is derived through a least squares fit, given the current spread function between the electrodes and the nerve endings. Practical limitations which limit the usage of this scheme, as well as the first tests performed with our patients, are described.
Hybrid low bitrate audio coding using adaptive gain shape vector quantization (2008)

Audio coding at low bitrates typically suffers from artifacts caused by bandwidth truncation. In this paper we present a novel scheme to code audio signals at low bitrates which uses a traditional scalar quantization followed by entropy coding to code some portions of the spectrum (typically the lower portion). The other portions (typically the higher portions) of the spectrum are coded at a low bitrate using an adaptive gain shape vector quantizer where the codebook for vector quantization is formed by unmodified or modified versions of the portions of the spectrum which have already been coded. Fixed pre-trained codebooks are also available for use in certain cases. The use of such a scheme results in an audio codec which has been shown to be among the best audio codecs available at low bitrates. In addition, the decoder complexity of this audio codec is significantly lower than any other codec of equal quality at low bitrates.