gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An In Situ Gel-Forming Heparin-Conjugated PLGA-PEG-PLGA Copolymer (2008)

Novel heparin-conjugated PLGA-PEG-PLGA hydrogels were prepared via Michael-type addition between thiolated heparin and PLGA-PEG-PLGA diacrylate. The thiolated heparin (HP-SH) was conjugated with thiolacid dihydrazide followed by reduction. The structure and the thiol determination of obtained HP-SH were characterized by 1 H NMR and the Ellman method. Anticoagulant activity and pK a of the HP-SH were determined by aPTT test and UV absorbance measurement which were 79.3% and 10.5, respectively. The PLGA-PEG-PLGA diacrylate was synthesized by bulk ring-opening polymerization of D,L-lactide (DLLA) and glycolide (GA) with PEG and stannous 2-ethylhexanoate, followed by the acrylation of the terminal groups. HP—SH was then conjugated to PLGA-PEG-PLGA diacrylate by Michael addition. Phase diagrams of the hydrogels were obtained by vial tilting; the release of heparin from the hydrogels exhibited temperature dependent sol—gel transition behavior. These in situ-forming heparin-conjugated hydrogels are novel as injectable and tissue-compatible scaffold formation, thermo-sensitivity, and growth factor binding.
Overexpression of arginine decarboxylase in transgenic plants (1997)

The activity of arginine decarboxylase (ADC), a key enzyme in plant polyamine biosynthesis, was manipulated in two generations of transgenic tobacco plants. Second-generation transgenic plants overexpressing an oat ADC cDNA contained high levels of oat ADC transcript relative to tobacco ADC, possessed elevated ADC enzyme activity and accumulated 10-20-fold more agmatine, the direct product of ADC. In the presence of high levels of the precursor agmatine, no increase in the levels of the polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine was detected in the transgenic plants. Similarly, the activities of ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase were unchanged. No diversion of polyamine metabolism into the hydroxycinnamic acid-polyamine conjugate pool or into the tobacco alkaloid nicotine was detected. Activity of the catabolic enzyme diamine oxidase was the same in transgenic and control plants. The elevated ADC activity and agmatine production were subjected to a metabolic/physical block preventing increased, i.e. deregulated, polyamine accumulation. Overaccumulation of agmatine in the transgenic plants did not affect morphological development.
Environmental triggers of multiple sclerosis (2011)

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system that develops in young adults with a complex genetic predisposition. Similar to other autoimmune disease, HLA-DR and -DQ alleles within the HLA class II region on chromosome 6p21 are by far the strongest risk-conferring genes. Less robust susceptibility effects have been reported for non-MHC related genetic variants. Improvements in the design of epidemiological studies helped to identify consistent environmental risk-associations such as the increased susceptibility for MS in individuals with a history of infectious mononucleosis, a symptomatic primary infection with the human γ-herpesvirus Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Sun exposure and serum vitamin D levels are emerging non-infectious environmental risk factors that may have independent roles. The analysis of environmental effects will likely expand in the next few years and will allow for the generation of testable hypotheses as to how environmental insults interact with genetic factors to jointly determine the susceptibility to MS. Insights gained from these studies might facilitate the development of prevention strategies and more effective treatments for MS.
Alteration of Heart Rate Variability in Patients of Depression (2016)

HRV recordings showed significant changes in frequency domain parameters in the patients suffering from depression. Thus, it could be said from our study that autonomic imbalance reflecting enhanced sympathetic activation relative to parasympathetic component is associated with depression.
Deuteration of methyl linoleate with nickel, palladium, platinum and copper‐chromite catalysts (1973)

Abstract Samples taken during deuteration of methyl linoleate with the title catalysts were separated into saturate, monoene and diene fractions. Monoenes were further separated into cis and trans fractions. A comparison of the double bond distribution in monoenes with those from hydrogenation of alkaliconjugated linoleate indicated that up to 59% of the linoleate was reduced through a conjugated intermediate with nickel catalyst. The respective percentages for palladium and platinum catalysts were 51 and 23. Copper catalysts have previously been shown to reduce linoleate solely through conjugated intermediates. Copper‐chromite catalyst showed infinite selectivity for the reduction of linoleate, because stearate did not form. The decreasing order of various catalysts for the selective reduction was copper‐chromite&gt;&gt;&gt;Ni at 195 C&gt;Pd&gt;Ni at 100 C&gt;Pt. Computer simulation of platinum reduction indicated that ca. 20% of the linoleate was directly reduced to stearate through a shunt. Geometrical isomers of linoleate were formed during reduction with all catalysts except copper‐chromite. Nickel catalyst formed both trans,trans ‐ and cis,trans ‐isomers, as well as nonconjugatable dienes. These isomers were favored at the higher temperature and deuterium was incorporated into them. Palladium and platinum did not isomerize linoleate to nonconjugatable dienes. Because conjugated dienes are more reactive than linoleate, they were not found in appreciable amounts during reduction. Conjugated dienes were the only isomers formed with copper‐chromite catalyst. Deuterium was found in these conjugated dienes, which were also extensively isomerized. As a result of isomerization and exchange during reduction of linoleate‐as well as further exchange between deuterium and monoenes‐a wide distribution of isotopic isomers in monoenes was found with nickel, palladium and platinum catalysts. Since isomerization of monoenes with copper‐chromite is negligible, the isotopic distribution of monoenes must be due to exchange of intermediate conjugated dienes followed by addition.
The WM computer architecture (1988)

article Free Access Share on The WM computer architecture Author: Wm. A. Wulf Pittsburgh, Pa. Pittsburgh, Pa.View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture NewsVolume 16Issue 1March, 1988 pp 70–84https://doi.org/10.1145/44571.44577Online:01 March 1988Publication History 30citation149DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations30Total Downloads149Last 12 Months5Last 6 weeks3 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Cloning of a human cDNA encoding a CDC2-related kinase by complementation of a budding yeast cdc28 mutation. (1991)

We have cloned two different human cDNAs that can complement cdc28 mutations of budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. One corresponds to a gene encoding human p34CDC2 kinase, and the other to a gene (CDK2; cell division kinase) that has not been characterized previously. The CDK2 protein is highly homologous to p34CDC2 kinase (65% identical) and more significantly is homologous to Xenopus Eg1 kinase (89% identical), suggesting that CDK2 is the human homolog of Eg1. The human CDC2 and CDK2 genes were both able to complement the inviability of a null allele of S. cerevisiae CDC28. This result indicates that the CDK2 protein has a biological activity closely related to the CDC28 and p34CDC2 kinases. However, CDK2 was unable to complement cdc2 mutants in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe under the condition where the human CDC2 gene could complement them. CDK2 mRNA appeared late in G1 or in early S phase, slightly before CDC2 mRNA, after growth stimulation in normal human fibroblast cells. These results suggest that in human cells, two different CDC2-like kinases may regulate the cell cycle at distinct stages.
Abstract 15450: Ets Related Protein 71 Regulates Cardiac Morphogenesis (2010)

To decipher the Nkx2-5 mediated transcriptional networks that govern fate decisions in multipotent cardiac progenitor cells, a transcriptome analysis revealed that Ets related protein 71 (ER71) was a downstream target of Nkx2.5 in the developing mouse heart. We further demonstrated that ER71 was essential for development of primitive hematopoiesis, the endothelial/endocardial lineages and cardiac development resulting in early (E8.0-E9.0) embryonic lethality of the ER71 null embryo. Transcriptome analysis of the ER71 null and WT littermate embryos support the hypothesis that lineage specific gene expression associated with the hematopoietic, endothelial/endocardial and cardiovascular lineages are absent or significantly dysregulated in the ER71 null embryo. To examine whether ER71 is a novel marker of a common mesangioblast progenitor population, a 3.9 kb ER71-Cre transgenic animal was engineered and mated with the Rosa lox-stop-lox-LacZ reporter mouse model. We observed that ER71 expressing cells daughter the hematopoietic, endothelial/endocardial and a subset of the myocardial lineages early during development (E9-E11). To complement these fate mapping studies, we generated the 3.9 kb ER71-EYFP transgenic mouse model and utilized FACS analysis to define the population or populations of cells in which ER71 is expressed (E7.5-E9.5). We further crossed the ER71-EYFP reporter into the ER71 null background to determine the stage at which the development of the affected lineages is aborted. Together, these studies support the conclusion that ER71 functions in uncommitted progenitor cells to affect embryonic heart development as well as endothelial and hematopoietic lineage commitments.
Electron-Transfer Kinetics of Singly Labeled Ruthenium(II) Polypyridine Cytochrome c Derivatives (1989)

Cytochrome c was labeled at specific lysine groups with Ru(bi-pyridine)2(dicarboxybipyridine) [Ru(bpy)2(dcbpy)]. Singly labeled derivatives at lysines 7, 8, 13, 25, 72, 86, and 87 were isolated. Laser flash photolysis experiments showed that the excited state of the ruthenium complex undergoes an electron-transfer reaction with the heme in some of the derivatives. The first-order rate constants are 16 x 106 and 26 X 106 s-1 for the forward and backward electron- transfer reactions, respectively, in the derivative labeled at lysine 13. Derivatives also were prepared by allowing Ru(bpy)2CO3 to react with cytochrome c at pH 7, followed by reaction with imidazole. Purified derivatives containing Ru(bpy)2(imidazole)2+ linked to his- tidines 26 and 33 were obtained.
CD73: A Novel Target for Cancer Immunotherapy (2010)

The promise of cancer immunotherapy has not been translated into clinical successes, in large part because of tumor-associated immune suppression that blocks effective antitumor immunity. Recent findings show a tumor-induced immunosuppressive mechanism, whereby tumor-derived CD73 functions as an ecto-enzyme to produce extracellular adenosine, which promotes tumor growth by limiting antitumor T-cell immunity via adenosine receptor signaling. Results with small molecule inhibitors, or monoclonal antibodies targeting CD73 in murine tumor models, suggest that targeted CD73 therapy is an important alternative and realistic approach to effective control of tumor growth. In particular, it helps T-cell-based therapy by enhancing the adaptive immune response machinery, which may increase the function of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes, and subsequently lead to improved survival in cancer patients.
GaInNAs: A Novel Material for Long-Wavelength-Range Laser Diodes with Excellent High-Temperature Performance (1996)

We propose a novel material, GaInNAs, that can be formed on GaAs to drastically improve the temperature characteristics ( T 0 ) in long-wavelength-range laser diodes. The feasibility of our proposal is demonstrated experimentally.
A simple local-control approximation algorithm for multicommodity flow (2002)

In this paper, we describe a very simple (1+/spl epsi/)-approximation algorithm for the multicommodity flow problem. The algorithm runs in time that is polynomial in N (the number of nodes in the network) and /spl epsiv//sup -1/ (the closeness of the approximation to optimal). The algorithm is remarkable in that it is much simpler than all known polynomial time flow algorithms (including algorithms for the special case of one-commodity flow). In particular, the algorithm does not rely on augmenting paths, shortest paths, min-cost paths, or similar techniques to push flow through a network. In fact, no explicit attempt is ever made to push flow towards a sink during the algorithm. Because the algorithm is so simple, it can be applied to a variety of problems for which centralized decision making and flow planning is not possible. For example, the algorithm can be easily implemented with local control in a distributed network and it can be made tolerant to link failures. In addition, the algorithm appears to perform well in practice. Initial experiments using the DIMACS generator of test problems indicate that the algorithm performs as well as or better than previously known algorithms, at least for certain test problems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A heterogeneous nonlinear attenuating full- wave model of ultrasound (2009)

A full-wave equation that describes nonlinear propagation in a heterogeneous attenuating medium is solved numerically with finite differences in the time domain (FDTD). Three-dimensional solutions of the equation are verified with water tank measurements of a commercial diagnostic ultrasound transducer and are shown to be in excellent agreement in terms of the fundamental and harmonic acoustic fields and the power spectrum at the focus. The linear and nonlinear components of the algorithm are also verified independently. In the linear nonattenuating regime solutions match results from Field II, a well established software package used in transducer modeling, to within 0.3 dB. Nonlinear plane wave propagation is shown to closely match results from the Galerkin method up to 4 times the fundamental frequency. In addition to thermoviscous attenuation we present a numerical solution of the relaxation attenuation laws that allows modeling of arbitrary frequency dependent attenuation, such as that observed in tissue. A perfectly matched layer (PML) is implemented at the boundaries with a numerical implementation that allows the PML to be used with high-order discretizations. A -78 dB reduction in the reflected amplitude is demonstrated. The numerical algorithm is used to simulate a diagnostic ultrasound pulse propagating through a histologically measured representation of human abdominal wall with spatial variation in the speed of sound, attenuation, nonlinearity, and density. An ultrasound image is created in silico using the same physical and algorithmic process used in an ultrasound scanner: a series of pulses are transmitted through heterogeneous scattering tissue and the received echoes are used in a delay-and-sum beam-forming algorithm to generate a images. The resulting harmonic image exhibits characteristic improvement in lesion boundary definition and contrast when compared with the fundamental image. We demonstrate a mechanism of harmonic image quality improvement by showing that the harmonic point spread function is less sensitive to reverberation clutter.
路易斯安,利文斯顿油田，威尔科克斯——砂组储层特性的沉积和成岩控制作用 (1989)

利文斯顿油田是路易斯安那州南东的一个大型油田。该油田的厂商产自早始新世威尔科克斯－砂组，该砂组厚度为40－50英尺（12－16米），系沿岸沙州沉积，位于海平面以下9917－10146英尺（3023－3092米）。储层的物性直接受成岩作用的控制，而沉积环境则强烈地影响着成岩作用。由于粘土矿物和石英的生长，碳酸盐胶结物的作用，原生孔隙大量减少。碳酸盐胶结的的溶解，长石的淋滤及其它不稳定矿物的变化将孔隙恢复至原来的65．75％，在原生孔隙发育的相带－风成环境，海滩环境，浪击带上部产生了大量的次生孔隙，但是在浪击带中下部原生孔隙不发育地区基本上没有次生孔隙，晚成岩阶段形成的粘土矿物通过减少或堵塞孔隙喉道使渗透率降低。
HIV-Infected Cells Are Killed by rCD4-Ricin A Chain (1988)

The gp120 envelope glycoprotein of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which is expressed on the surface of many HIV-infected cells, binds to the cell surface molecule CD4. Soluble derivatives of recombinant CD4 (rCD4) that bind gp120 with high affinity are attractive vehicles for targeting a cytotoxic reagent to HIV-infected cells. Soluble rCD4 was conjugated to the active subunit of the toxin ricin. This conjugate killed HIV-infected H9 cells but was 1/1000 as toxic to uninfected H9 cells (which do not express gp120) and was not toxic to Daudi cells (which express major histocompatibility class II antigens, the putative natural ligand for cell surface CD4). Specific killing of infected cells can be blocked by rgp120, rCD4, or a monoclonal antibody to the gp120 binding site on CD4.
Clustering of phosphorylated amino acid residues in neurofilament proteins as revealed by phosphorus-31 NMR (1986)

The state of phosphorylation in neurofilament (NF) proteins is studied by the 31P NMR technique. The 31P NMR spectrum of intact NF proteins at pH 7.0 is comprised of a major resonance at 4.18 ppm and a minor resonance at 3.53 ppm. The chemical shifts of the major and minor resonances are strongly dependent on pH and have pKa values for phosphoserine of 5.85 and for phosphothreonine of 6.00, respectively. 31P NMR spectra of isolated NF polypeptides show nonequivalent phosphoserine clusters in NF150 and in NF200. Their chemical shifts are very similar in both polypeptides, but the intensities of homologous resonances are different. NF68 has no detectable 31P resonance signal. Phosphate-specific monoclonal antibodies to NF200 can distinguish phosphates of various clusters. Microtubule proteins can also produce specific alteration of the 31P resonances of NF200. NF proteins digested by calcium-activated neutral protease (CANP) show relatively little change in 31P resonances.
Microfabrication of Multilayer, Asymmetric, Polymeric Devices for Drug Delivery (2005)

Multilayered, asymmetric vehicles have been constructed with 3D features that may provide the capacity to target cells, promote unidirectional controlled release, and enhance permeation across the intestinal epithelial barrier. The Figure shows microfabricated PMMA devices and their specific interactions (postchemical surface modification) with a human colonic cell line expressing enterocytic differentiation.
Methods for Staining Amyloid in Tissues: A Review (1988)

The traditional way of identifying amyloid in tissue sections has been staining with Congo red and demonstration of green birefringence under crossed polarizers. The original method of Congo red staining, described by Bennhold in 1922, has undergone several modifications to improve its sensitivity, specificity, and reliability. The most common modification is the alkaline Congo red method described by Puchtler and co-workers in 1962. Specificity is improved by using freshly prepared stain and a staining solution fully saturated with sodium chloride. Amyloid proteins can be further distinguished by autoclaving or by treating the tissue with potassium permanganate or alkaline guanidine. Autoclaving the tissues at 120 C for 30 min causes protein AA to lose its affinity for Congo red. Prolongation of autoclaving to 120 min abolishes the Congophilia of protein AL, but prealbumin-related amyloid shows little or no change. Treatment of the tissue with potassium permanganate causes protein AA and B2-microglobulin amyloid to lose their affinity to Congo red. Protein AA fails to stain with Congo red after treatment with alkaline guanidine for 1 min and protein AL and systemic senile amyloid protein (SSA) after 2 hr. Familial amyloid protein (FAP), prealbumin type, can stand 2 hr of alkaline guanidine treatment without losing its ability to stain with Congo red. Other methods of detection of amyloid include fluorescent stains, e.g., thioflavin T or S, and metachromatic stains such as crystal violet. Immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase methods are used to identify and classify amyloid proteins in tissues. Antibodies against the P component, proteins AA and AL and FAP have been used with great precision. Due to cross-reactivity, these methods do not differentiate between some types of familial and senile systemic amyloidosis.
Purification, properties and identification of a serum DNA binding protein (64DP) and its microheterogeneity. (1982)

A DNA binding protein with a molecular weight of 64,000, designated 64DP, has been purified and characterized. This protein was isolated from adult human pooled serum by DEAE Sephadex column Chromatography, DNA cellulose affinity column chromatography, ammonium sulfate fractionation and Sephadex G-150 gel filtration. The final preparation of 64DP was homogeneous, as judged from polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with or without sodium dodecyl sulfate and sedimentation experiments. Physicochemical and immunochemical properties of this protein were very similar or identical to those of alpha-1-antichymotrypsin with some differences in electric mobility and th pattern of isoelectric focusing. Furthermore, the general properties of 64DP from various sera were practically similar with the exception that isolectric focusing analysis showed microheterogeneity among 64DP purified from various sera.
DNA Immunization for Influenza Virus: Studies Using Hemagglutinin‐ and Nucleoprotein‐Expressing DNAs (1997)

DNA-based immunizations have been used to analyze the ability of DNA-expressed hemagglutinin (HA) and nucleoprotein (NP) to protect BALB/c mice against a homologous influenza virus, A/PR/8/34 (H1N1), challenge. The HA DNA, but not the NP DNA, protected mice against the lethal viral challenge. For the HA DNA, single gene gun inoculations of 0.04 microg and boosted inoculations of 0.004 microg of DNA raised complete protection. For the NP DNA, boosted gene gun immunizations of 0.4 microg of DNA and boosted intradermal or intramuscular injections of 50 microg of DNA failed to protect. The protection elicited by the HA DNA vaccine correlated with the titers of neutralizing antibody.
INDEFINITE SURVIVAL OF MHC CLASS I-DEFICIENT MURINE PANCREATIC ISLET ALLOGRAFTS (1992)

To examine the immune response to class I-deficient allogeneic tissue, we used beta 2-microglobulin-deficient mice as graft donors. These mice lack cell surface class I major histocompatibility complex antigen expression. Pancreatic islet allografts from class I-deficient donors survived indefinitely in a majority of fully allogeneic BALB/c recipients. In contrast, host recognition of graft class I antigen was unnecessary for prompt destruction of skin allografts of for autoimmune damage of transplanted pancreatic islet grafts in nonobese diabetic mice. These studies provide evidence that intentional genetic elimination of immunologically relevant donor antigens may prove an effective strategy for preventing allograft rejection.