gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ARS Component B: structural characterization, tissue expression and regulation of the gene and protein (SLURP-1) associated with Mal de Meleda. (2004)

The ARS Component B gene (EMBL ID: HSARS81S, AC: X99977) encodes a 9 kD non-glycosylated polypeptide (also known as SLURP-1, SwissProt/TrEMBL: P55000), a soluble member of the human Ly6/uPAR superfamily. ARS Component B gene mutations have been implicated in Mal de Meleda. In this study we show by immunohistochemistry that SLURP-1 (secreted Ly-6/uPAR related protein, the protein product of the ARS Component B gene) is localized to human skin, exocervix, gums, stomach and esophagus. In the epidermis, keratinocytes underlying the stratum corneum are highly positive for SLURP1 immunostaining and cultured keratinocytes secrete the expected 9 kD protein. Circulating SLURP1 is detected in human plasma and urine. In the mouse, expression is evident in skin, eye, whole lung, trachea, esophagus and stomach. Human ARS Component B mRNA expression is regulated by retinoic acid, epidermal growth factor and interferon-gamma. The tissue localization and the association with Mal de Meleda suggest that ARS Component B and its protein product SLURP1 are implicated in maintaining the physiological and structural integrity of the keratinocyte layers of the skin.
TOWARD A SATURATED LINKAGE MAP IN TOMATO BASED ON ISOZYMES AND RANDOM cDNA SEQUENCES (1986)

A linkage map in tomato has been developed based on isozyme and random cDNA clones derived from mRNA. Interspecific backcross and F(2) populations of Lycopersicon esculentum and L. pennellii were employed in the linkage analysis. Allelic differences in cDNA markers were based on restriction fragment length polymorphisms detected through Southern analysis. A total of 57 unique cDNA clones have been analyzed. The majority of cDNA markers correspond to single loci and are dispersed throughtout the genome. Of those clones that hybridize to two or more loci, most show genetic independence (ie., they are unlinked). The combination of isozyme, cDNA and previously mapped DNA markers total 112 loci. It is estimated that approximately 92% of the genome can be monitored during segregation with these markers. Molecular maps, such as the one being constructed in tomato, may allow genetic and breeding experiments that previously were not possible.
An Annotated Review of Past Papers on Attack Graphs (2005)

Abstract : This report reviews past research papers that describe how to construct attack graphs, how to use them to improve security of computer networks, and how to use them to analyze alerts from intrusion detection systems. Two commercial systems are described 1, 2, and a summary table compares important characteristics of past research studies. For each study, information is provided on the number of attacker goals, how graphs are constructed, sizes of networks analyzed, how well the approach scales to larger networks, and the general approach. Although research has made significant progress in the past few years, no system has analyzed networks with more than 20 hosts, and computation for most approaches scales poorly and would be impractical for networks with more than even a few hundred hosts. Current approaches also are limited because many require extensive and difficult-to-obtain details on attacks, many assume that host-to-host reachability information between all hosts is already available, and many produce an attack graph but do not automatically generate recommendations from that graph. Researchers have suggested promising approaches to alleviate some of these limitations, including grouping hosts to improve scaling, using worst-case default values for unknown attack details, and symbolically analyzing attack graphs to generate recommendations that improve security for critical hosts. Future research should explore these and other approaches to develop attack graph construction and analysis algorithms that can be applied to large enterprise networks.
Conformational mimicry. 1. 1,5-Disubstituted tetrazole ring as a surrogate for the cis amide bond (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConformational mimicry. 1. 1,5-Disubstituted tetrazole ring as a surrogate for the cis amide bondJanusz. Zabrocki, G. David. Smith, James B. Dunbar, Hiroshi. Iijima, and Garland R. MarshallCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 17, 5875–5880Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00225a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00225a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views690Altmetric-Citations171LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Induction of nuclear accumulation of the tumor-suppressor protein p53 by DNA-damaging agents. (1993)

Cancer therapy drugs, such as diamminedichloroplatinum (cisplatin), mitomycin C, etoposide and a number of other compounds, as well as energy-rich radiation, are known to act on cellular DNA. These agents are shown to induce nuclear accumulation of the so-called tumor-suppressor protein p53 in fibroblastoid cells, as well as in epithelioid normal and immortalized cells of murine, simian, and human origin. p53 accumulation starts a few hours after treatment and can remain detectable in surviving cells for at least 20 days. Accumulation occurs because of increased p53 protein stability and depends on ongoing translation. It is not the result of enhanced gene expression. A number of cell cycle inhibitors do not affect p53 protein accumulation, suggesting that the process may start from several points in the cell cycle. Since the increase in the nuclear p53 protein levels occurs within a few hours in most of the treated normal diploid cells, it is unlikely that the accumulated p53 protein is derived from a mutated p53 gene. The results obtained are in accordance with the view that the DNA damage-induced p53 accumulation may either inhibit cell growth, allowing DNA repair processes, or, in the case of severe damage, initiate apoptosis.
Correlation between NetFlow System and Network Views for Intrusion Detection (2004)

We present several ways to correlate security events from two applications that visualize the same underlying data with two distinct views: system and network. Correlation of security events provide Security Engineers a better understanding of what is happening for enhanced security situational awareness. Visualization leverages human cognitive abilities and promotes quick mental connections between events that otherwise may be obscured in the volume of IDS alert messages.
The tumor metabolome. (2003)

The tumor metabolome is characterized by high glycolytic and glutaminolytic capacities, high phosphometabolite levels and a high channelling of glucose carbons to synthetic processes. This allows tumor cells to proliferate under strong variations in oxygen and glucose supply (http://www.metabolic-database.com). One key regulator of the tumor metabolome is the glycolytic isoenzyme pyruvate kinase type M2 (M2-PK) that is generally over-expressed in all tumor cells. M2-PK can occur in a highly active tetrameric form and in a nearly inactive dimeric form. In tumor cells the dimeric form of M2-PK always predominates and has therefore been termed tumor M2-PK. The dimerization of M2-PK is caused by direct interaction of M2-PK with certain oncoproteins. When M2-PK is in its dimeric state energy is produced by glutaminolysis. The metabolic Achilles' heel of the tumor metabolome is its sensitivity to a reduction of NAD levels caused by activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase after DNA damage.
Senescent cells and osteoarthritis: a painful connection (2018)

Senescent cells (SnCs) are associated with age-related pathologies. Osteoarthritis is a chronic disease characterized by pain, loss of cartilage, and joint inflammation, and its incidence increases with age. For years, the presence of SnCs in cartilage isolated from patients undergoing total knee artificial implants has been noted, but these cells’ relevance to disease was unclear. In this Review, we summarize current knowledge of SnCs in the multiple tissues that constitute the articular joint. New evidence for the causative role of SnCs in the development of posttraumatic and age-related arthritis is reviewed along with the therapeutic benefit of SnC clearance. As part of their senescence-associated secretory phenotype, SnCs secrete cytokines that impact the immune system and its response to joint tissue trauma. We present concepts of the immune response to tissue trauma as well as the interactions with SnCs and the local tissue environment. Finally, we discuss therapeutic implications of targeting SnCs in treating osteoarthritis.
Enzyme replacement and enhancement therapies for lysosomal diseases (2004)

Although first suggested by de Duve in 1964, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for lysosomal storage diseases did not become a reality until the early 1990s when its safety and effectiveness were demonstrated in type 1 Gaucher disease. Today, ERT is a reality for Gaucher disease, Fabry disease and mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I), and clinical trials with recombinant human enzymes are ongoing in Pompe disease, MPS II and MPS VI, and are about to begin in Neimann-Pick B disease. In addition to ERT, enzyme enhancement therapy (EET) offers a novel therapeutic strategy to increase the residual function of mutant proteins. EET employs small molecules as 'pharmacological chaperones' to rescue misfolded and/or unstable mutant enzymes or proteins that have residual function. EET also offers the possibility of treating neurodegenerative lysosomal disorders since these small therapeutic molecules may cross the blood-brain barrier. The current status of ERT and the prospects for EET for lysosomal storage diseases are reviewed.
Creating Realistic Virtual Textures from Contact Acceleration Data (2011)

Modern haptic interfaces are adept at conveying the large-scale shape of virtual objects, but they often provide unrealistic or no feedback when it comes to the microscopic details of surface texture. Direct texture-rendering challenges the state of the art in haptics because it requires a finely detailed model of the surface's properties, real-time dynamic simulation of complex interactions, and high-bandwidth haptic output to enable the user to feel the resulting contacts. This paper presents a new, fully realized solution for creating realistic virtual textures. Our system employs a sensorized handheld tool to capture the feel of a given texture, recording three-dimensional tool acceleration, tool position, and contact force over time. We reduce the three-dimensional acceleration signals to a perceptually equivalent one-dimensional signal, and then we use linear predictive coding to distill this raw haptic information into a database of frequency-domain texture models. Finally, we render these texture models in real time on a Wacom tablet using a stylus augmented with small voice coil actuators. The resulting virtual textures provide a compelling simulation of contact with the real surfaces, which we verify through a human subject study.
Shiga Toxin, Shiga-like Toxin II Variant, and Ricin Are All Single-site RNA N-Glycosidases of 28 S RNA When Microinjected into Xenopus Oocytes (1989)

Ricin, Shiga toxin, and Shiga-like toxin II (SLT-II, Vero toxin 2) exhibit an RNA N-glycosidase activity which specifically removes a single base near the 3' end of 28 S rRNA in isolated rat liver ribosomes and deproteinized 28 S rRNA (Endo Y., Mitsui, K., Motizuki, M., & Tsurugi, K. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 5908-5912; Endo Y. & Tsurugi, K. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 8128-8130, Endo, Y., Tsurugi, K., Yutsudo, T., Takeda, Y., Ogasawara, K. & Igarashi, K. (1988) Eur. J. Biochem. 171, 45-50). These workers identified the single base removed, A-4324, by examining a 28 S rRNA degradation product which was generated by contaminating ribonucleases associated with the ribosomes. To determine whether this N-glycosidase activity applies in living cells, we microinjected ricin into Xenopus oocytes. We also microinjected Shiga toxin and a variant of Shiga-like toxin II (SLT-IIv). All three toxins specifically removed A-3732, located 378 nucleotides from the 3' end of 28 S rRNA. This base is analogous to the site observed in rat 28 S rRNA for ricin, Shiga toxin, and SLT-II. Purified, glycosylated, ricin A chain contains this RNA N-glycosidase activity in oocytes. We also demonstrated that the nonglycosylated A subunit of recombinant ricin exhibits this RNA N-glycosidase activity when injected into Xenopus oocytes. Ricin, Shiga toxin, and SLT-IIv also caused a rapid decline in oocyte protein synthesis for nonsecretory proteins.
Vaccination of calves with orally administered aromatic-dependent Salmonella dublin. (1993)

Genetically altered stable nonreverting aromatic-dependent (aro-) Salmonella dublin, strain SL5631, was administered orally to healthy colostrum-fed calves as vaccine. Twenty-six calves were allotted to 4 groups. There were 2 experiments, each with a vaccinated and nonvaccinated control group. Skin testing with 0.1 ml of sonicated S dublin was performed 3 days prior to challenge exposure. The IgG and IgM titers to S dublin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigen were determined by ELISA on sera before initial vaccination and at 1.5 to 2 weeks after each vaccination. In experiment 1, six calves received a dose of 1.7 x 10(10) colony-forming units (CFU) of aro-S dublin SL5631 orally at 2 and 4 weeks of age. After the first vaccination, 2 of 6 calves developed fever, but all 6 calves continued to have normal appetite and mental attitude. Adverse changes were not observed after the second vaccination. At the time of challenge exposure at 6 weeks of age, all 12 calves were seronegative for IgG and IgM LPS-specific antibodies, and the difference in percentage increase in skin test reaction at 48 hours was not significant. At 6 weeks of age, the 6 vaccinates and 6 controls were orally challenge-exposed with 1.5 x 10(11) CFU of virulent S dublin T2340. Protection from challenge was not evident, as 3 of 6 controls and 5 of 6 vaccinates died after challenge exposure. In experiment 2, eight calves received a dose of 5 x 10(11) CFU of aro-S dublin SL5631 orally at 2, 3.5, and 5 weeks of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Relative safety of peginesatide and epoetin alfa (2014)

Relative to administration of epoetin alfa, first administration of peginesatide in dialysis patients was acutely associated with higher risk of death or hospitalization as a result of cardiovascular morbidity or symptoms.
Leukocyte-Endothelial Cell Interactions Are Enhanced in Dermal Postcapillary Venules of MRL/ fas lpr (Lupus-Prone) Mice: Roles of P- and E-Selectin (2002)

MRL/fas(lpr) mice are affected by a systemic autoimmune disease that results in widespread leukocytic infiltration of the vasculature, including in the skin. The molecular pathways responsible for this leukocyte recruitment are poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of these experiments was to examine the mechanisms of leukocyte trafficking in the dermal microvasculature of MRL/fas(lpr) mice. Intravital microscopy was used to examine leukocyte rolling and adhesion in dermal postcapillary venules of MRL/fas(lpr) mice at 8, 12, and 16 wk of age. When compared with age-matched BALB/c and MRL(+/+) (nondiseased) mice, leukocyte rolling and adhesion in MRL/fas(lpr) mice were significantly enhanced at 12 wk of age, and remained elevated at 16 wk of age. At 8 and 12 wk, leukocyte rolling in all three strains was almost entirely inhibited by an anti-P-selectin mAb. In contrast, at 16 wk some (approximately 10%) leukocyte rolling persisted following P-selectin blockade. This residual rolling was predominantly inhibitable with an anti-E-selectin mAb; however, treatment with anti-E-selectin mAb alone had a minimal effect. P-selectin-deficient MRL/fas(lpr) mice also displayed leukocyte rolling that was significantly lower than in wild-type MRL/fas(lpr) mice. However, in these mice, leukocyte adhesion remained at the elevated levels observed in wild-type MRL/fas(lpr) mice. This adhesion was eliminated by chronic treatment with anti-E-selectin mAb. These findings indicate that leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions are enhanced in the dermal microvasculature of MRL/fas(lpr) mice above the age of 12 wk. Furthermore, the data suggest that the endothelial selectins share overlapping roles in mediating this enhanced leukocyte recruitment.
The Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase PTPMEG Interacts with Glutamate Receptor δ2 and ε Subunits (2000)

Glutamate receptor (GluR) delta2 is selectively expressed in cerebellar Purkinje cells and plays a crucial role in cerebellum-dependent motor learning. Although GluRdelta2 belongs to an ionotropic GluR family, little is known about its pharmacological features and downstream signaling cascade. To study molecular mechanisms underlying GluRdelta2-dependent motor learning, we employed yeast two-hybrid screening to isolate GluRdelta2-interacting molecules and identified protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTPMEG. PTPMEG is a family member of band 4.1 domain-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatases and is expressed prominently in brain. Here, we showed by in situ hybridization analysis that the PTPMEG mRNA was enriched in mouse thalamus and Purkinje cells. We also showed that PTPMEG interacted with GluRdelta2 as well as with N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor GluRepsilon1 in cultured cells and in brain. PTPMEG bound to the putative C-terminal PDZ target sequence of GluRdelta2 and GluRepsilon1 via its PDZ domain. Examination of the effect of PTPMEG on tyrosine phosphorylation of GluRepsilon1 unexpectedly revealed that PTPMEG enhanced Fyn-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of GluRepsilon1 in its PTPase activity-dependent manner. Thus, we conclude that PTPMEG associates directly with GluRdelta2 and GluRepsilon1. Moreover, our data suggest that PTPMEG plays a role in signaling downstream of the GluRs and/or in regulation of their activities through tyrosine dephosphorylation.
Expression of a Gibberellin 2-Oxidase Gene around the Shoot Apex Is Related to Phase Transition in Rice (2001)

A major catabolic pathway for gibberellin (GA) is initiated by 2beta-hydroxylation, a reaction catalyzed by GA 2-oxidase. We have isolated and characterized a cDNA, designated Oryza sativa GA 2-oxidase 1 (OsGA2ox1) from rice (Oryza sativa L. cv Nipponbare) that encodes a GA 2-oxidase. The encoded protein, produced by heterologous expression in Escherichia coli, converted GA(1), GA(4), GA(9), GA(20), and GA(44) to the corresponding 2beta-hydroxylated products GA(8), GA(34), GA(51), GA(29), and GA(98), respectively. Ectopic expression of the OsGA2ox1 cDNA in transgenic rice inhibited stem elongation and the development of reproductive organs. These transgenic plants were deficient in endogenous GA(1). These results indicate that OsGA2ox1 encodes a GA 2-oxidase, which is functional not only in vitro but also in vivo. OsGA2ox1 was expressed in shoot apex and roots but not in leaves and stems. In situ hybridization analysis revealed that OsGA2ox1 mRNA was localized in a ring at the basal region of leaf primordia and young leaves. This ring-shaped expression around the shoot apex was drastically decreased after the phase transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. It was absent in the floral meristem, but it was still present in the lateral meristem that remained in the vegetative phase. These observations suggest that OsGA2ox1 controls the level of bioactive GAs in the shoot apical meristem; therefore, reduction in its expression may contribute to the early development of the inflorescence meristem.
Fast Pulsed Magnet Systems (1998)

A Compilation of Formulae and Data for Kicker Magnet Design in High Energy Accelerators and Storage Rings.
Color gamut transform pairs (1978)

Digital control of color television monitors—in particular, via frame buffers—has added precise control of a large subset of human colorspace to the capabilities of computer graphics. This subset is the gamut of colors spanned by the red, green, and blue (RGB) electron guns exciting their respective phosphors. It is called the RGB monitor gamut . Full-blown color theory is a quite complex subject involving physics, psychology, and physiology, but restriction to the RGB monitor gamut simplifies matters substantially. It is linear, for example, and admits to familiar spatial representations. This paper presents a set of alternative models of the RGB monitor gamut based on the perceptual variables hue (H), saturation (S), and value (V) or brightness (L). Algorithms for transforming between these models are derived. Particular emphasis is placed on an RGB to HSV non-trigonometric pair of transforms which have been used successfully for about four years in frame buffer painting programs. These are fast, accurate, and adequate in many applications. Computationally more difficult transform pairs are sometimes necessary, however. Guidelines for choosing among the models are provided. Psychophysical corrections are described within the context of the definitions established by the NTSC (National Television Standards Committee).
The Internet of Things: The Next Technological Revolution (2013)

A wide range of researchers from academia and industry, as well as businesses, government agencies, and cities, are exploring the technologies comprising the Internet of Things from three main perspectives: scientific theory, engineering design, and the user experience.
Transmission of 80-GBd 16-QAM over 300 km and Kramers-Kronig Reception Using a Low-Complexity FIR Hilbert Filter Approximation (2018)

We demonstrate Kramers-Kronig reception at a net rate of 267 Gb/s using a single high-bandwidth photodiode. We propose a low complexity DSP implementation, analyze back-to-back performance, and show transmission over up to 300 km.
Serum Proteomic Patterns for Detection of Prostate Cancer (2002)

Pathologic states within the prostate may be reflected by changes in serum proteomic patterns. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed serum proteomic mass spectra with a bioinformatics tool to reveal the most fit pattern that discriminated the training set of sera of men with a histopathologic diagnosis of prostate cancer (serum prostate-specific antigen [PSA] > or =4 ng/mL) from those men without prostate cancer (serum PSA level <1 ng/mL). Mass spectra of blinded sera (N = 266) from a test set derived from men with prostate cancer or men without prostate cancer were matched against the discriminating pattern revealed by the training set. A predicted diagnosis of benign disease or cancer was rendered based on similarity to the discriminating pattern discovered from the training set. The proteomic pattern correctly predicted 36 (95%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 82% to 99%) of 38 patients with prostate cancer, while 177 (78%, 95% CI = 72% to 83%) of 228 patients were correctly classified as having benign conditions. For men with marginally elevated PSA levels (4-10 ng/mL; n = 137), the specificity was 71%. If validated in future series, serum proteomic pattern diagnostics may be of value in deciding whether to perform a biopsy on a man with an elevated PSA level.