gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional Analyses of Glycyl-tRNA Synthetase Mutations Suggest a Key Role for tRNA-Charging Enzymes in Peripheral Axons (2006)

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2D (CMT2D) and distal spinal muscular atrophy type V (dSMA-V) are axonal neuropathies characterized by a phenotype that is more severe in the upper extremities. We previously implicated mutations in the gene encoding glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GARS) as the cause of CMT2D and dSMA-V. GARS is a member of the family of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases responsible for charging tRNA with cognate amino acids; GARS ligates glycine to tRNA(Gly). Here, we present functional analyses of disease-associated GARS mutations and show that there are not any significant mutation-associated changes in GARS expression levels; that the majority of identified GARS mutations modeled in yeast severely impair viability; and that, in most cases, mutant GARS protein mislocalizes in neuronal cells. Indeed, four of the five mutations studied show loss-of-function features in at least one assay, suggesting that tRNA-charging deficits play a role in disease pathogenesis. Finally, we detected endogenous GARS-associated granules in the neurite projections of cultured neurons and in the peripheral nerve axons of normal human tissue. These data are particularly important in light of the recent identification of CMT-associated mutations in another tRNA synthetase gene [YARS (tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase gene)]. Together, these findings suggest that tRNA-charging enzymes play a key role in maintaining peripheral axons.
Tissue-specific induction patterns of cancer-protective enzymes in mice by tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and related substituted phenols. (1985)

Some of the anticarcinogenic effects of 2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) are attributable to the induction of detoxifying enzymes in the liver and peripheral tissues. This study was designed to determine if the tissue specificity of enzyme induction could be manipulated by structural modification of BHA. The induction of glutathione S-transferases and quinone reductase (EC 1.6.99.2) by the component isomers of commercial BHA (major isomer, 3-BHA and minor isomer, 2-BHA), the methyl ether of BHA, tert-butylhydroquinone, and 4-hydroxyanisole was examined in the cytosols of liver, four regions of the gastrointestinal tract, lung, and kidney of female CD-1 mice. Induction patterns showed specificity with respect to chemical nature of inducer, target tissue, and enzymes elevated. Thus, 3-BHA and methyl-BHA induced both enzymes primarily in liver and upper small intestine but were inactive in forestomach; 2-BHA was a much less potent inducer than were 3-BHA and methyl-BHA in the liver and inactive in upper small intestine, but it produced a 2-fold elevation of enzymes in the forestomach, as did tert-butylhydroquinone and 4-hydroxyanisole. Only tert-butylhydroquinone raised transferases in the glandular stomach where all other compounds were ineffective. No compound examined raised enzymes significantly in the colon. 3-BHA and methyl-BHA induced quinone reductase of lung and kidney, where the other compounds were relatively less effective. The marked hepatomegaly associated with administration of 3-BHA and methyl-BHA was characterized by elevations of total DNA, RNA, and protein content suggesting a combination of hypertrophy and hyperplasia.
Flat lens antenna concept using aperture coupledmicrostrip patches (1996)

A planar lens antenna based on aperture coupled microstrip patch elements with stripline delay lines is described. Features of this design are discussed, and results for transmission coefficient magnitude against frequency are presented. The background for the development of this lens configuration is discussed in terms of a natural progression from frequency selective surfaces, and the inadequacies of simpler geometries are explained.
Immunization with recombinant beta‐tubulin from Trypanosoma evansi induced protection against T. evansi, T. equiperdum and T. b. brucei infection in mice (2007)

The beta-tubulin gene of Trypanosoma evansi (STIB 806) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The predicted amino acid sequence of T. evansi beta-tubulin shows 100%, 99.8%, 99.1%, and 98.6% homology with T. equiperdum, T. b. brucei, T. cruzi and T. danilewskyi, respectively, but is diverse from that of T. cyclops, showing only 51.6% of homology. Recombinant beta-tubulin was expressed as inclusion bodies in E. coli. It was purified and renatured for immunological studies. Mice immunized with the renatured recombinant beta-tubulin were protected from lethal challenge with T. evansi STIB 806, T. equiperdum STIB 818 and T. b. brucei STIB 940, showing 83.3%, 70% and 76.7% protection, respectively. Serum collected from the rabbit immunized with recombinant beta-tubulin inhibited the growth of T. evansi, T. equiperdum and T. b. brucei in vitro. Serum from mice and rabbits immunized with recombinant beta-tubulin recognized only T. evansi beta-tubulin and not mouse beta-tubulin. The results of this study demonstrated that the recombinant T. evansi beta-tubulin is a potential candidate for the development of a vaccine to prevent animal trypanosomiasis caused by these three trypanosome species.
An Improved Method for Digital SSB-FDM Modulation and Demodulation (1978)

A new method for digital implementation of SSB-FDM modulation and demodulation is presented, which utilizes the FFT algorithm to reduce the multiplication rate. The hardware realization of the presented method is shown to be the simplest; it consists of only an FFT processor and a set of complex bandpass filters which operate at the same rate as the input baseband sequences; no signal conversions are required prior to FFT processing. Simple and practical approaches are presented for design and implementation of the EFT processor and the set of complex bandpass filters. Design examples, which are made for implementation of a TDM-FDM translator at the supergroup level, show that the proposed method can attain the minimum multiplication rate among methods previously reported.
Adhesion and anisotropic friction enhancements of angled heterogeneous micro-fiber arrays with spherical and spatula tips (2007)

Angled polyurethane fiber arrays are modified by adding soft spherical and spatula shaped tips via dipping. These fibers are characterized for adhesion and friction and compared with unmodified fibers and flat material samples. Sphere and spatula tip fiber samples demonstrate increased adhesion, with 10 and 23 times the maximum adhesion of the unmodified fiber sample, respectively. The sphere and spatula tip fiber samples also show increased friction, with 1.6 and 4.7 times the maximum friction of the unmodified fiber sample, respectively. Friction and adhesion are simultaneously observed in a synthetic dry angled fibrillar adhesive sample (spatula tip fiber sample). The direction dependent friction of angled fibers is investigated. The adhesion and friction results reported in this paper suggest that fibers with negligible adhesion can be modified to exhibit both significant adhesion and friction enhancements by the proposed fiber tip modifications.
A Novel and Expedient Synthesis of 7‐Pyrimidinylpyrimido[4,5‐d]pyrimidinones (2010)

Abstract A novel and efficient procedure for the synthesis of new 7‐pyrimidinylpyrimido[4,5‐ d ]pyrimidinone derivatives was elaborated via the base‐promoted cyclodimerization reaction of 5‐[(dimethylamino)methylidene]‐6‐iminopyrimidine‐2,4(1 H ,3 H )‐dione hydrochlorides. In an analogous manner, a 2‐thioxo analog was prepared starting with the corresponding 2‐thioxopyrimidin‐4‐one.
Invariant Scattering Convolution Networks (2012)

A wavelet scattering network computes a translation invariant image representation, which is stable to deformations and preserves high frequency information for classification. It cascades wavelet transform convolutions with non-linear modulus and averaging operators. The first network layer outputs SIFT-type descriptors whereas the next layers provide complementary invariant information which improves classification. The mathematical analysis of wavelet scattering networks explains important properties of deep convolution networks for classification. A scattering representation of stationary processes incorporates higher order moments and can thus discriminate textures having the same Fourier power spectrum. State of the art classification results are obtained for handwritten digits and texture discrimination, using a Gaussian kernel SVM and a generative PCA classifier.
Differential Requirements for CD4 in TCR-Ligand Interactions (1999)

Abstract The coreceptor molecule, CD4, plays an integral part in T cell activation; it is involved in both extracellular Ag recognition and intracellular signaling. We wanted to examine the functional role of CD4 in the recognition of agonist and altered peptide ligands (APLs). We generated two CD4-deficient T cell lines expressing well-characterized TCRs specific for Hb(64–76)/I-Ek. Although the responsiveness of the T cell lines to the agonist peptide was differently affected by the loss of CD4 expression, the recognition of APLs was in both cases dramatically reduced. Nearly full responsiveness to the agonist peptide was achieved by expression of a CD4 variant that did not associate with p56lck; however, the stimulation by APLs was only partially restored. Importantly, the expression of a CD4 variant in which domains interacting with MHC class II molecules have been mutated failed to restore the reactivity to all ligands. CD4-deficient T cells were able to be antagonized by APLs, indicating that CD4 was not required for antagonism. Overall, these findings support the concepts that CD4 is an integral part of the initial formation of the immunological synapse, and that the requirement for different CD4 functions in T cell activation varies depending upon the potency of the ligand.
Methods employed by genitourinary medicine clinics in the United Kingdom to diagnose bacterial vaginosis (2005)

Most UK GUM clinics utilise the appearance of a Gram stained vaginal smear for the diagnosis of BV although there is little consensus at present about the type of scoring method employed. Adaptation of a uniform scoring method would have enormous benefits, including consistency and reproducibility of results and the development of quality assurance schemes for BV diagnosis on a national basis. There are important issues to be addressed regarding the initial training and ongoing support for nurses providing microscopy services within UK GUM clinics.
COVALENT DRUGS FORM LONG-LIVED TIES (2011)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTCOVALENT DRUGS FORM LONG-LIVED TIESIRREVERSIBLE INHIBITORS may provide unique benefits in drug developmentLILA GUTERMANView Author Information C&EN WASHINGTONCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2011, 89, 36, 19–26Publication Date (Print):September 5, 2011Publication History Published online9 March 2012Published inissue 5 September 2011https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v089n036.p019Copyright © 2011 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views70Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) SUBJECTS:Pharmaceuticals Get e-Alerts
Chemoselective modification of proteins: hitting the target (2008)

The use of synthetic molecules to modulate and track biological events is a central component of chemical biology. As a result, the precise, covalent modification of biomolecules is a key goal for this field. Several strategies have emerged that allow specific tailoring of polypeptides through either endogenous residues or introduced functionality. This tutorial review discusses these recent advances in the context of in vitro and in vivo applications.
Context-aware Battery Management for Mobile Phones (2008)

In this paper, we propose a system for context- aware battery management that warns the user when it detects that the phone battery can run out before the next charging opportunity is encountered. At the heart of this system, are algorithms that predict: (1) when the next charging opportunity will be available, (2) how much call-time will be required by the user in the interim, and (3) how long the battery will last if the current set of applications continue to execute. We propose algorithms that process user's location traces and call-logs for making some of these predictions. We also propose a technique to predict battery consumption of applications. We present the design of the system and demonstrate its feasibility by experimentally showing that each of the prediction algorithms can perform with fairly high accuracy.
A cellular model for Friedreich Ataxia reveals small-molecule glutathione peroxidase mimetics as novel treatment strategy (2002)

Friedreich Ataxia (FRDA), the most prevalent of the inherited ataxias, is a multi-systemic disease with loss of sensory neurons and life-threatening hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as its most severe manifestations. Reduced levels of the mitochondrial protein frataxin lead to cell-damaging oxidative stress and consequently FRDA is considered as a model for more common neurodegenerative disorders in which reactive radicals and oxidative stress are involved. We have developed a cellular assay system that discriminates between fibroblasts from FRDA patients and unaffected donors on the basis of their sensitivity to pharmacological inhibition of de novo synthesis of glutathione. With this assay we observed that supplementation with selenium effectively improved the viability of FRDA fibroblasts, indicating that basal selenium concentrations are not sufficient to allow an adequate increase in the activity of certain detoxification enzymes (such as GPX). Furthermore, we characterized potential drug candidates and found that idebenone, a mitochondrially localized antioxidant that ameliorates cardiomyopathy in FRDA patients, as well as other lipophilic antioxidants protected FRDA cells from cell death. Our results also demonstrate for the first time that small-molecule GPX mimetics have potential as a novel treatment strategy for Friedreich Ataxia and presumably also for other neurodegenerative diseases with mitochondrial impairment.
The major metabolite of doxorubicin is a potent inhibitor of membrane-associated ion pumps. A correlative study of cardiac muscle with isolated membrane fractions. (1987)

Doxorubicin (adriamycin) is a highly effective cancer chemotherapeutic drug but its clinical utility is limited by its cardiotoxicity. Doxorubicinol, the major metabolite of doxorubicin, is up to 10 times more potent than doxorubicin at inhibiting isometric contraction of the papillary muscle isolated from the right ventricle of rabbit heart. Doxorubicinol also increases resting tension of isolated cardiac muscle indicative of incomplete relaxation between contractions, a characteristic of doxorubicinol but not of doxorubicin. This study assesses the effect(s) of doxorubicinol on a variety of ion pumps which may explain, in part, the action of the metabolite in the intact muscle. We find the doxorubicinol is a potent inhibitor (IC50 less than 5 micrograms/ml) of calcium-stimulated ATPase activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum from canine heart and rabbit skeletal muscle. At comparable levels, doxorubicinol is also a potent inhibitor of (Na + K)-ATPase of cardiac sarcolemma and the Mg-dependent ATPase activity referable to the F0F1 proton pump of mitochondria. For each of these ion pumps, doxorubicinol is at least 80 times more potent an inhibitor than doxorubicin. Doxorubicinol, between 10 and 50 micrograms/ml, increases resting tension up to 4-fold in isolated papillary muscles cyclically contracting at 30 times/min. Resting stress is relatively insensitive to doxorubicin. Thus, doxorubicinol is a potent inhibitor of several key cationic pumps that directly or indirectly regulate cell calcium and inhibits relaxation in the isolated fiber preparation. These observations add a new dimension to understanding the cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin.
TRKing Down an Old Oncogene in a New Era of Targeted Therapy (2014)

Precision oncology approaches have accelerated recently due to advancements in our ability to detect oncogenic mutations in tumor samples. Oncogenic alterations, most commonly gene fusions, have now been detected for the genes encoding the TRKA, TRKB, and TRKC receptor tyrosine kinases across multiple tumor types. The scientific rationale for the targeting of the TRK oncogene family will be discussed here.
Reverse Osmosis of Glucose Syrups (1976)

Abstract The paper presents data on the osmotic pressure of glucose syrup fractions obtained by reverse osmosis fractionation of a 43% D.E. commercial glucose syrup and membrane performance at different starting solids contents. Details regarding the production of glucose syrup fractions in the range 15–80% D.E. are given. The fractions produced consist of a narrower spectrum of sugars than is found in a commercial syrup of the same D.E. and thus offer new types of syrup to the industrial user of glucose syrups. Reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration seem to offer the only feasible economic means for obtaining specialised sugars from glucose syrups.
Pseudomonas putida KF715 bphABCD operon encoding biphenyl and polychlorinated biphenyl degradation: cloning, analysis, and expression in soil bacteria (1990)

We cloned the entire bphABCD genes encoding degradation of biphenyl and polychlorinated biphenyls to benzoate and chlorobenzoates from the chromosomal DNA of Pseudomonas putida KF715. The nucleotide sequence revealed two open reading frames corresponding to the bphC gene encoding 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase and the bphD gene encoding 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoic acid (ring-meta-cleavage compound) hydrolase.
Cooling Tower Fill Fouling Control in a Geothermal Plant (1999)

Since its first introduction to the market in the 1970s, cooling tower film fill technology has significantly increased thermal performance and reduced the size of cooling towers. However, the narrow spaces between film fill sheets make them susceptible to fouling. Without proper chemical treatment, deposits can accumulate within the film fill resulting in reduced tower efficiency, increased fouling and plugging of the fill. These phenomena could eventually lead to collapse of the tower structure, This paper describes a new approach to remedy the high efficiency film fill fouling problem in a geothermal power plant. The plant has a long history of fill fouling problems due to a very complex make-up water chemistry and desert-related environmental conditions. In recent years, various biocide and biodispersant treatments have significantly improved fouling control by slowing down tower fill deposition rates. However, no program has been successful in reducing fill weights, especially during the summer months. Within six weeks after starting a new control program, the average weight of the tower fill deposits dropped 22% and thermal performance of the cooling tower increased 20%. The treatment resulted in significant improvements in cooling tower operation and power production efficiency.
Naturally occurring chronic gastritis and C pylori infection in the rhesus monkey: a potential model for gastritis in man. (1988)

Histological examination of the stomachs of Rhesus monkeys at autopsy showed chronic gastritis in a high proportion of all ages. Lesions consisted of mild to heavy infiltration of the lamina propria by lymphocytes, plasma cells, and histiocytes. The antrum was most consistently affected, but lesions were also present in the fundus and pylorus. Gastric Campylobacter-like organisms (GCLO) apparently identical to human C pylori were cultured and/or detected immunohistologically in several animals. Electron microscopy showed the spiral bacteria on the epithelial surface and in gastric pits. They did not penetrate the cells but were intimately attached to the apical plasma membrane and caused loss of microvilli. Antibodies to C pylori were detected in serum of the monkeys by ELISA. The immunospecificity of this antibody response was confirmed by Western blotting techniques. A small number of cynomolgus monkeys examined had gastritis, which may also be associated with the presence of C pylori. Baboons did not have gastritis, nor was C pylori cultured from their stomachs. The study indicates that the Rhesus monkey has a naturally occurring gastritis associated with C pylori infection and may therefore be a suitable experimental animal for the human disease.
Nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of cloned human and mouse preprocathepsin B cDNAs. (1986)

Cathepsin B is a lysosomal thiol proteinase that may have additional extralysosomal functions. To further our investigations on the structure, mode of biosynthesis, and intracellular sorting of this enzyme, we have determined the complete coding sequences for human and mouse preprocathepsin B by using cDNA clones isolated from human hepatoma and kidney phage libraries. The nucleotide sequences predict that the primary structure of preprocathepsin B contains 339 amino acids organized as follows: a 17-residue NH2-terminal prepeptide sequence followed by a 62-residue propeptide region, 254 residues in mature (single chain) cathepsin B, and a 6-residue extension at the COOH terminus. A comparison of procathepsin B sequences from three species (human, mouse, and rat) reveals that the homology between the propeptides is relatively conserved with a minimum of 68% sequence identity. In particular, two conserved sequences in the propeptide that may be functionally significant include a potential glycosylation site and the presence of a single cysteine at position 59. Comparative analysis of the three sequences also suggests that processing of procathepsin B is a multistep process, during which enzymatically active intermediate forms may be generated. The availability of the cDNA clones will facilitate the identification of possible active or inactive intermediate processive forms as well as studies on the transcriptional regulation of the cathepsin B gene.