gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome Analysis of Mouse Stem Cells and Early Embryos (2003)

Understanding and harnessing cellular potency are fundamental in biology and are also critical to the future therapeutic use of stem cells. Transcriptome analysis of these pluripotent cells is a first step towards such goals. Starting with sources that include oocytes, blastocysts, and embryonic and adult stem cells, we obtained 249,200 high-quality EST sequences and clustered them with public sequences to produce an index of approximately 30,000 total mouse genes that includes 977 previously unidentified genes. Analysis of gene expression levels by EST frequency identifies genes that characterize preimplantation embryos, embryonic stem cells, and adult stem cells, thus providing potential markers as well as clues to the functional features of these cells. Principal component analysis identified a set of 88 genes whose average expression levels decrease from oocytes to blastocysts, stem cells, postimplantation embryos, and finally to newborn tissues. This can be a first step towards a possible definition of a molecular scale of cellular potency. The sequences and cDNA clones recovered in this work provide a comprehensive resource for genes functioning in early mouse embryos and stem cells. The nonrestricted community access to the resource can accelerate a wide range of research, particularly in reproductive and regenerative medicine.
Highly-Integrated X-band Multi-function MMIC with Integrated LNA and Driver Amplifier (2002)

The design and performance of a highly integrated X-band multi-function MMIC with integrated LNA and high output power will be discussed. The MMIC integrates all the control functions of a transmit/receive module. The integration of a Low Noise Amplifier and Driver Amplifier makes this MMIC extremely suitable for a two chip T/R module solution. The MMIC is realised in the 0.25µm PHEMT (PH25) process of UMS.
The primary function of RNA binding by the influenza A virus NS1 protein in infected cells: Inhibiting the 2′-5′ oligo (A) synthetase/RNase L pathway (2006)

The NS1 protein of influenza A virus (NS1A protein) is a multifunctional protein that counters cellular antiviral activities and is a virulence factor. Its N-terminal RNA-binding domain binds dsRNA. The only amino acid absolutely required for dsRNA binding is the R at position 38. To identify the role of this dsRNA-binding activity during influenza A virus infection, we generated a recombinant influenza A/Udorn/72 virus expressing an NS1A protein containing an RNA-binding domain in which R38 is mutated to A. This R38A mutant virus is highly attenuated, and the mutant NS1A protein, like the WT protein, is localized in the nucleus. Using the R38A mutant virus, we establish that dsRNA binding by the NS1A protein does not inhibit production of IFN-beta mRNA. Rather, we demonstrate that the primary role of this dsRNA-binding activity is to protect the virus against the antiviral state induced by IFN-beta. Pretreatment of A549 cells with IFN-beta for 6 h did not inhibit replication of WT Udorn virus, whereas replication of R38A mutant virus was inhibited 1,000-fold. Using both RNA interference in A549 cells and mouse knockout cells, we show that this enhanced sensitivity to IFN-beta-induced antiviral activity is due predominantly to the activation of RNase L. Because activation of RNase L is totally dependent on dsRNA activation of 2'-5' oligo (A) synthetase (OAS), it is likely that the primary role of dsRNA binding by the NS1A protein in virus-infected cells is to sequester dsRNA away from 2'-5' OAS.
Leukocyte Entry into Sites of Inflammation Requires Overlapping Interactions Between the L-Selectin and ICAM-1 Pathways (1999)

Leukocyte interactions with vascular endothelium during inflammation depend on cascades of adhesion molecule engagement, particularly during selectin-mediated leukocyte rolling. Leukocyte rolling is also facilitated by members of the integrin and Ig families. Specifically, leukocyte rolling velocities during inflammation are significantly increased in ICAM-1-deficient mice, with ICAM-1 expression required for optimal P- and L-selectin-mediated rolling. Elimination of ICAM-1 expression in L-selectin-deficient mice significantly reduces leukocyte rolling. Whether disrupted leukocyte rolling in L-selectin and ICAM-1 double-deficient (L-selectin/ICAM-1-/-) mice affects leukocyte entry into sites of inflammation in vivo was assessed in the current study by using experimental models of inflammation; thioglycollate-induced peritonitis, chemokine-induced neutrophil migration to the skin, delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, rejection of allogeneic skin grafts, and septic shock. In many cases, the loss of both L-selectin and ICAM-1 expression dramatically reduced leukocyte migration into sites of inflammation beyond what was observed with loss of either receptor alone. In fact, the effects from loss of both L-selectin and ICAM-1 effectively eliminated multiple chronic inflammatory responses in L-selectin/ICAM-1-/- mice. By contrast, the combined loss of L-selectin and ICAM-1 expression had minimal effects on the generation of Ag-specific T cell responses or humoral immunity. Thus, members of the selectin and Ig families function synergistically to mediate optimal leukocyte rolling and entry into tissues, which is essential for the generation of effective inflammatory responses in vivo.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme and Genetic Hypertension: Cloning of Rat cDNAs and Characterization of the Enzyme (1994)

Using genetic mapping approaches, a gene on chromosome 10, Bp1, has been identified in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) in the same region that contains the gene for angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). Since ACE plays an important role in blood pressure regulation, the ACE gene is a leading candidate for Bp1. To examine the possibility that a structural abnormality of ACE exists in the SHRSP, we cloned and characterized the cDNAs for the Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY) and SHRSP ACE. Both cDNAs encode a single polypeptide of 1,313 amino acid residues with an estimated molecular weight of 150.9 KDa. Five nucleotide differences were identified between the WKY and the SHRSP ACE cDNAs. One of these differences resulted in an amino acid substitution (Lys-207 in the WKY to Arg-207 in the SHRSP). But the enzymatic properties of partially purified ACE from the two strains were similar. Thus the data suggest that an alteration in the primary structure of rat ACE does not contribute to the hypertension in the SHRSP.
Ultra-sensitive FISH using peroxidase-mediated deposition of biotin- or fluorochrome tyramides (1995)

We describe a detection principle for indirect fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) methods that with only one or two antibody layers dramatically improves FISH signal intensities. The method uses as a first layer an anti-hapten immunoglobulin [or (strept)avidin] conjugated to peroxidase. The quintessence of the method is the use of fluorochrome- or biotin labelled tyramides as peroxidase substrates to generate and deposit many fluorochrome or biotin molecules close to the in situ bound peroxidase. These may either be directly evaluated under the fluorescence microscope or after another incubation with fluorochrome-labelled (strept)avidin.
Ultra-High-Pressure Balloon Angioplasty for Treatment of Resistant Stenoses Within or Adjacent to Previously Implanted Pulmonary Arterial Stents (2008)

UHP angioplasty was safe and effective for treatment of stent-related resistant PA stenosis in this series; the ability to fracture maximally expanded stents may extend the utility of stents in the pediatric population.
Über Orceinfarbstoffe, XII: Synthesen des α‐Oxy‐orceins (1961)

Abstract Die Konstitution des α‐Oxy‐orceins (I) wird durch mehrere Synthesen bestätigt. Die Isolierung des isomeren Ψ.α‐Oxy‐orceins (XVI) gibt einen Einblick in den Mechanismus bei der Kondensation des Hydroxy‐chinons IX mit Aminoorcin X.
Characterization of a Polyclonal Cytolytic T Lymphocyte Response to Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Persons without Clinical Progression (1997)

A total of 82 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-specific cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones were isolated and characterized from 5 HIV-infected subjects, utilizing multiple HLA class I alleles. B62-restricted, HIV-1 gag-specific CTL clones isolated from a single blood sample from 1 subject used four different Vbeta gene rearrangements. Multiple CTL clones could be isolated from the same time point directed against HIV-1 gag, nef, and env from 1 subject. A prospective analysis resulted in the isolation of CTL clones from 1 subject directed against multiple HIV-1 antigens, including the same highly conserved nef peptide, over a 1-year period, in the absence of detectable circulating viral plasma RNA. These data suggest that in some persons without clinical progression and low levels of circulating HIV-1, the CTL response is polyclonal, is directed against multiple HIV-1 proteins, including highly conserved peptides within these proteins, and is maintained over time.
Replication-defective herpes simplex virus vectors for gene transfer in vivo. (1996)

Understanding the biological basis of social anxiety disorder (SAD), one of the most disabling of the anxiety disorders, will allow for novel treatment strategies to be developed. Here, we show that gut microbiota may be such a target. Mice ...Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a crippling psychiatric disorder characterized by intense fear or anxiety in social situations and their avoidance. However, the underlying biology of SAD is unclear and better treatments are needed. Recently, the gut ...
Abstract 854: Long-term Effects of Telmisartan, an Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker in Hypertensive Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (2008)

Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is known as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study was designed to investigate endothelial function and long-term outcome of telmisartan, angiotensin II receptor blocker, in hypertensive patients with CKD. Seventy one untreated hypertensive patients with CKD (stage 3 or 4) were randomized to receive telmisartan ( Telmisartan group , n=35) or amlodipine ( Amlodipine group , n=36). Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and nitroglycerin-induced dilatation (NID) of brachial artery were measured by using ultrasound system. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured by using oscilometric technique. We also measured high sensitivity C-reactive peptide (hsCRP) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) as indexes of inflammation and oxidative stress. The primary outcome was death from CVD, or hospitalization for CVD during a follow-up period 4.2 to 4.7 years (median, 4.4 years). Blood pressure was significantly decreased in the both groups, and there was no difference between two groups at baseline and during study. FMD was significantly increased, and PWV, hsCRP, and TBARS were significantly decreased in the both groups after the treatment. However, these improvements were much better in the telmisartan group as compared with the amlodipine group. The 4.4-year cumulative primary-event rates were 12.6% in the telmisartan group and 37.4% in the amlodipine group (p=0.012 by long-lank test). Telmisartan improves not only endothelial function, PWV, hsCRP, or TBARS, but also long-term cardiovascular outcome in hypertensive patients with CKD.
BRG1, the ATPase subunit of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, interacts with HDAC2 to modulate telomerase expression in human cancer cells (2014)

Telomerase is often upregulated during initiation and/or progression of human tumors, suggesting that repression of telomerase might inhibit cancer growth or progression. Here, we report that BRG1, the ATPase subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, is a general suppressor of hTERT transcription in human cancer cells. While overexpression of BRG1 inhibits hTERT transcription, depletion of BRG1 stimulates transcription of hTERT, leading to higher telomerase activity and longer telomeres. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation assays revealed that BRG1 binds to the transcription start site (TSS) of the hTERT promoter and forms a ternary complex with histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2). BRG1 remodels chromatin structure to facilitate the action of HDAC2, leading to deacetylation of H3K9ac and H4ac at the TSS and suppression of hTERT transcription. On the other hand, β-catenin binds to the TSS and stimulates hTERT transcription. Thus, BRG1/HDAC2 and β-catenin constitute a manipulative apparatus at the TSS to play opposite but complementary roles in regulating hTERT expression. These results uncover a yin-yang mechanism in modulating hTERT transcription and provide explanation for limited transcription of hTERT in human cancer cells. BRG1/HDAC2 may have a potential as an anti-cancer therapeutic and/or for reactivating cellular proliferative capacity in the context of in vitro tissue engineering.
Nutrition and Infection (2009)

Though global (protein/calorie) malnutrition is rare in the United States outside of those with wasting illnesses (e.g., cancer), macro- and micro-nutrient deficiencies (i.e., specific vitamins or minerals) are common in older adults, particularly those with multiple comorbidities or who live in long-term care facilities.Simple screening tools, such as serial weight measures or the body mass index can rapidly identify older adults at risk for nutritional deficiency.Clinical studies often use different populations, methods and outcome measures leading to widely varying results. Overall, however, there are little data to support general use of multivitamin/mineral or other nutritional supplements to prevent infection in the general population of older adults. Specific micronutrient supplementation, particularly multivitamin/mineral supplements with zinc and selenium, may be of value in some older adults in the long-term care setting.Some data suggest nutritional supplements (i.e., commercial liquid formulations) may be of benefit during acute infectious illness and/or convalescence.Evidence of harm due to over-supplementation is significant for vitamin A (increased risk of fractures) and for vitamin E (overall mortality); thus, micronutrients should not be considered harmless and doses above the age-adjusted recommendations should be discouraged.
Discrimination between cholesterol and sitosterol for absorption in rats. (1988)

The intestinal absorption of cholesterol and sitosterol was compared in rats. The intragastric administration of a single emulsified lipid meal containing either 50 mg of [4-14C]cholesterol or [4-14C]sitosterol resulted in the lymphatic absorption of 18.2% and 0.42% of each sterol, respectively, in 6 hr. This difference was unaltered when the mucosal sterol load was equalized by reducing the cholesterol to 1 mg in the emulsified lipid meal while maintaining the same sitosterol load or when the physical state in the lumen was equalized by infusion of a micellar solution containing both sterols into bile-diverted intestine. Lymphatic cholesterol was 90% esterified compared to 12% for sitosterol. Both sterols were associated predominantly (greater than 70%) with the chylomicron fraction. Eighty percent of the chylomicron cholesterol was recovered as ester with the core lipids, while 77% of the sitosterol was recovered as free sterol with the chylomicron coat. In mucosal homogenates at 6 hr, sitosterol recovery was one-eleventh that of cholesterol. When [3H]cholesterol (10 mg) and [14C]sitosterol (10 mg) were co-administered in an emulsified intragastric lipid meal, sitosterol associated with the brush border isolated 2 hr later was one-fifth that of cholesterol. Similar differences were seen when brush border membranes were incubated in vitro with micellar solutions containing either 50 microM [3H]cholesterol or [14C]sitosterol and the relative uptake of each sterol was unaffected by micellar phospholipid type (egg yolk phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine, or phosphatidylethanolamine).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Signs and symptoms of urethritis and cervicitis among women with or without Mycoplasma genitalium or Chlamydia trachomatis infection (2005)

M genitalium is a common infection associated with cervicitis and with a high prevalence of infected sexual partners supporting its role as a cause of sexually transmitted infection.
Cloning and expression of human endothelin‐1 receptor cDNA (1991)

We isolated a human endothelin-1 (ET-1) receptor cDNA from a human placenta cDNA library. The cDNA encodes a 427-amino acid protein with seven putative transmembrane domains. The rank order of the binding to the receptor expressed in COS-7 cells was: ET-1 greater than or equal to ET-2 much greater than ET-3. The receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes showed a potent electrophysiological response to 1 x 10(-7) M ET-1 under voltage clamp at -60 mV, while a much weaker response was produced by 1 x 10(-7) M ET-3. Northern blot analysis with RNA from human tissues revealed a single band with a size of 4.3 kb in a wide variety of human tissues, especially highly in the blood vessel.
Biological and clinical advances in stem cell expansion. (1996)

One of the most exciting areas of hematological research is the ex vivo expansion of peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC). Several groups clearly demonstrated that the ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic progenitor cells is possible in the presence of various cytokine combination and/or different feeder layer models. This minireview summarizes recent developments in ex vivo expansion systems as well as first clinical applications.
Percutaneous Biopsy of Head and Neck Lesions with CT Guidance: Various Approaches and Relevant Anatomic and Technical Considerations (2007)

Deep-seated head and neck lesions, which traditionally were evaluated by surgical means, are now accessible with less invasive computed tomography-guided percutaneous needle biopsy techniques. Major vessels, the trachea, and osseous structures like the maxilla, mandible, and vertebrae often preclude direct access to these lesions. It is important to understand the anatomy relevant to safe access route planning and the techniques, advantages, and limitations associated with various approaches used for percutaneous biopsy of head and neck lesions. For biopsy of suprahyoid head and neck lesions, including those of the skull base and upper cervical vertebrae, various approaches such as the subzygomatic, retromandibular, paramaxillary, submastoid, transoral, and posterior approaches can be used. Lesions in the infrahyoid portion of the neck and lower cervical vertebrae can be accessed with the anterolateral approach (between the airways and the carotid sheath), posterolateral approach (posterior to the carotid sheath), and direct posterior approach. The location and extent of the lesions and their relationship to adjacent structures influence the choice of the trajectory to use. Careful planning of the procedure and considerable familiarity with head and neck anatomy are necessary for a biopsy that is both precise and safe.
Pharmacological treatment of nephropathic cystinosis with cysteamine (2004)

Cystinosis, clinically recognised since 1903, is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in CTNS. This gene codes for a lysosomal cystine transporter, whose absence leads to intracellular cystine crystals, widespread cellular destruction, renal Fanconi syndrome in infancy, renal glomerular failure in later childhood and other systemic complications. Before the availability of kidney transplantation, patients affected with cystinosis uniformly died during childhood. After solid organ transplantations became successful in the 1960s, cystinosis patients survived, but eventually developed life-threatening consequences of the disease (e.g., swallowing disorders). Since the introduction of cysteamine into the pharmacological management of cystinosis, well-treated adolescent and young adult patients have experienced normal growth and maintenance of renal glomerular function. Oral cysteamine therapy is given at doses of 60 - 90 mg/kg/day q.i.d. every 6 h, and generally achieves approximately 90% depletion of cellular cystine, as measured in circulating leucocytes. Cysteamine (and kidney transplantation) have commuted the death sentence of cystinosis into a nearly normal life with a chronic disease. Because treatment with oral cysteamine can prevent, or significantly delay, the complications of cystinosis, early and accurate diagnosis, as well as proper treatment, is critical.
Quantitation of Phosphotyrosine Signals in Human Prostate Cell Adhesion Sites (2000)

A simple method is described for the quantitation of phosphotyrosine signaling in human prostate cell cultures. The phosphotyrosine signals are observed by standard immunohistochemistry techniques, and the resulting digital images are analyzed using the Scion image software program. The signals within the cell adhesion sites are quantitated using the density slice and particle analysis features of the software. The immunohistochemistry results are compared with detection of phosphotyrosine signals using a standard Western blotting procedure with whole cell lysates. The resulting data is converted into graphs using the Sigma Plot Program. This method is illustrated using damage-induced signaling within cell adhesion sites after a low dose of ionizing radiation.
Coordinated Expression Domains in Mammalian Genomes (2010)

We demonstrate that coexpression domains exist across multiple scales. We identify potential mechanisms for short-range as well as long-range coexpression domains. We provide evidence that the three-dimensional architecture of the chromosomes may underlie long-range coexpression domains. Chromosome territory reorganization may play a role in common human diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and psoriasis.
An Analog CMOS Backward Error-propagation LSI (2005)

The design of a novel cascadable CMOS analog IC archi- tecture that implements the Backward Error Propagation algorithm is described, Forward and backward propagation signals coexist simultaneously in this unclocked system, and internal analog weights are stored as charges on capacitors. This IC will speed up convergence of this algo- rithm many orders of magnitude over conventional software implementations, allowing a variety of applications to be tested in layered learning experiments.