gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neu and its ligands: From an oncogene to neural factors (1993)

Transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases that bind to peptide factors transmit essential growth and differentiation signals. A growing list of orphan receptors, of which some are oncogenic, holds the promise that many unknown ligands may be discovered by tracking the corresponding surface molecules. The neu gene (also called erbB-2 and HER-2) encodes such a receptor tyrosine kinase whose oncogenic potential is released in the developing rodent nervous system through a point mutation. Amplification and overexpression of neu are thought to contribute to malignancy of certain human adenocarcinomas. The search for soluble factors that interact with the Neu receptor led to the discovery of a 44 kDa glycoprotein that induces phenotypic differentiation of cultured mammary tumor cells to growth-arrested and milk-producing cells. The Neu differentiation factor (NDF or heregulin), however, also acts as a mitogen for epithelial, Schwann and glial cells. Multiple forms of the factor are produced by alternative splicing and their expression is confined predominantly to the central and to the peripheral nervous systems. One identified neuronal function of this family of polypeptides is to control the formation of neuromuscular junctions, but their physiological role in secretory epithelia is still unknown. Other open questions relate to the transmembrane topology of various precursors, the identity of a putative coreceptor, the possible existence of additional ligands of Neu and the functional significance of the interaction between Neu and at least three highly related receptor tyrosine kinases.
IGF‐Binding proteins in human prostate tumor cells: Expression and regulation by 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1995)

The expression of the six known insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) and their corresponding messenger RNAs has been examined in three cell lines established from surgical and biopsy specimens of human prostate carcinoma. All three cell lines produced both IGFBP-4 and IGFBP-6 and the respective mRNAs; expression of IGFBP-6 has not been previously demonstrated in human prostate tumor cells. No other binding proteins were detected. The levels of IGFBP mRNAs were not regulated by androgens or IGF-1, but the level of IGFBP-6 mRNA was sharply increased by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)D3). The stimulation was dose-dependent with a maximum effect at 10 nM 1,25(OH)D3 and a clearly discernible effect at 0.1 nM. The results support a role for vitamin D in the control of prostate tumor growth, mediated at least in part by interaction with IGFs and specific IGFBPs.
Use of antihistamine drugs in early pregnancy and delivery outcome (2002)

Objective: To study the impact of antihistamine use in early pregnancy on delivery outcome. Methods: Using prospectively collected information on drug use in early pregnancy, delivery outcome was studied among 17 266 women with 17 776 deliveries and 18 197 infants. The analysis was performed according to the main reason for antihistamine use: nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and allergy. Results: In the nausea and vomiting in pregnancy group, we found a significant increase in twin births and a significant reduction in preterm births, low birth weight and being small-for-gestational age among singletons. The perinatal death rate was reduced and the rate of congenital malformations was normal. A reduction was seen in the occurrence of congenital cardiovascular defects after the use of antihistamines. The odds ratio for specified cardiac defects, with the exception of ventricular and atrium septal defects, after the use of antihistamines for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (0.54) was significantly lower than that for non-cardiovascular congenital malformations (0.95). No statistically significant effects on delivery outcome were seen after the use of antihistamine drugs for allergy. However, there was a non-significant tendency for a reduced risk for cardiovascular defects (odds ratio 0.71). Conclusions: The beneficial effects on delivery outcome observed are most probably related to the underlying nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. There is no clear teratogenic effect of the antihistamines studied.
An 8 Gb/s QPSK optical homodyne detection experiment using external-cavity laser diodes (1992)

A quadrature-phase-shift-keying optical homodyne detection experiment was conducted at a bit rate of 8 Gb/s. External-cavity laser diodes and a single-body QPSK phase modulator were used. The optical carrier was recovered by a decision-directed phase-locked loop. The first reported measurement of bit-error-rate performance is given. A receiver sensitivity of -27.8 dBm was achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Heparin−Paclitaxel Conjugates as Drug Delivery System: Synthesis, Self-Assembly Property, Drug Release, and Antitumor Activity (2009)

We have synthesized a series of novel prodrugs consisting of amphiphilic heparin-paclitaxel conjugates. Each prodrug in the series consists of a succinylated-heparin carrier conjugated to paclitaxel via a single amino acid spacer, either valine, leucine, or phenylalanine (prodrug1, prodrug2, and prodrug3, respectively). Unlike physically encapsulated drugs, these prodrugs can self-assemble to form nanoparticles in aqueous solution while still maintaining structural integrity for loading parent drug due to the dual hydrophilic/hydrophobic nature of the carrier and drug compound. The structure of prodrugs has been characterized by 1H NMR, FT-IR, and GPC. Their morphology has been investigated by SEM. Our results show that these self-assembled nanoparticles have a narrow size distribution (140-180 nm) and form an approximately spherical shape composed of a paclitaxel core and carrier shell. The anticoagulant activity of all the prodrugs is sharply decreased compared to that of heparin, as measured by activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thereby reducing the risk of severe hemorrhagic complication during systemic administration. Furthermore, the prodrugs exhibit better in vitro cell inhibition for MCF-7 cells than free paclitaxel. Flow cytometric analyses (FCM) have shown that MCF-7 cells treated with prodrugs are arrested in the G(2)/M phase of the cell cycle. Meanwhile, these three prodrugs each exhibit unique hydrolysis properties under various physiological or plasma conditions. In particular, prodrug2 with leucine spacer may result in favorable hydrolysis of the ester bond between the amino acid and paclitaxel under physiological conditions. In mice, prodrug2 shows a similar ovarian tumor growth inhibition as paclitaxel and induces no obvious body weight loss. Hence, the prepared nanoscale prodrugs are expected not only to render structural integrity to the parent drug, but also enhance targeting capacity to solid tumors.
How long do nosocomial pathogens persist on inanimate surfaces? A systematic review (2006)

The most common nosocomial pathogens may well survive or persist on surfaces for months and can thereby be a continuous source of transmission if no regular preventive surface disinfection is performed.
Localization of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase to the postsynaptic densities by A-kinase anchoring proteins. Characterization of AKAP 79. (1992)

Postsynaptic densities (PSD) are a network of proteins located on the internal surface of excitatory synapses just inside the postsynaptic membrane. Enzymes associated with the PSD are optimally positioned to respond to signals transduced across the postsynaptic membrane resulting from excitatory synaptic transmission or neurotransmitter release. We present evidence suggesting that type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is anchored to the PSD through interaction of its regulatory subunit (RII) with an A-Kinase Anchor Protein (AKAPs). A cDNA for the human RII-anchoring protein, AKAP 79, was isolated by screening an expression library with radiolabeled RII. This cDNA (2621 base pairs) encodes a protein of 427 amino acids with 76% identity to bovine brain AKAP 75 and 93% identity to a carboxyl-terminal RII-binding fragment of murine brain AKAP 150. A bacterially expressed 92-amino acid fragment, AKAP 79 (335-427) was able to bind RII alpha. Disruption of secondary structure by site-directed mutagenesis at selected residues within a putative acidic amphipathic helix located between residues 392 and 408 prevented RII binding. Immunological studies demonstrate that AKAP 79 is predominantly expressed in the cerebral cortex and is a component of fractions enriched for postsynaptic densities. AKAP antisera strongly cross-react with a 150-kDa protein in murine PSD believed to be AKAP 150. Co-localization of the type II PKA in purified PSD fractions was confirmed immunologically by detection of RII and enzymologically by measuring cAMP-stimulated phosphorylation of the heptapeptide substrate Kemptide. Approximately 30% of the PSD kinase activity was specifically inhibited by PKI 5-24 peptide, a highly specific inhibitor of PKA. We propose that AKAP 79 and AKAP 150 function to anchor the type II PKA to the PSD, presumably for a role in the regulation of postsynaptic events.
Boron neutron capture therapy of a murine melanoma. (1988)

Boron neutron capture therapy has been carried out on BALB/c mice carrying the Harding-Passey melanoma s.c. on the thigh. p-Boronophenylalanine (BPA), a boronated analogue of natural melanin precursors, was used to target boron selectively to melanoma. BPA was administered to the mice either via i.p. injection or p.o. by intubation. 10B concentrations in tumor ranged from 15 to 40 ppm depending on the route and timing of administration. Irradiations with a predominantly thermal neutron beam were performed at the Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor. In the absence of BPA, only transient tumor growth delays were observed at low neutron fluences. At 5 x 10(16) n/m2, 4 of 22 tumors irradiated in the absence of BPA underwent long-term tumor growth control; after p.o. administration of BPA (40 ppm 10B in the tumor), the fraction of tumors controlled increased to 11 of 19. The average dose to the tumor in the latter group was 17.8 Gy, of which 14.8 Gy were due to the 10B neutron capture reaction. The biological effectiveness of the absorbed dose from the neutron capture reaction, at the 50% tumor control level, was found to be twice that of 100 kVp X-rays.
ChemInform Abstract: Modern Methods of the Suzuki Cross‐Coupling: The Long Expected General Synthetic Routes Using Aryl Chlorides (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cationic d0/f0 metallocene catalysts. properties of binuclear organoborane Lewis acid cocatalysts and weakly coordinating counteranions derived therefrom (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCationic d0/f0 metallocene catalysts. properties of binuclear organoborane Lewis acid cocatalysts and weakly coordinating counteranions derived therefromLi Jia, Xinmin Yang, Charlotte Stern, and Tobin J. MarksCite this: Organometallics 1994, 13, 10, 3755–3757Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/om00022a003Request reuse permissions Article Views344Altmetric-Citations110LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (355 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Electrodeposited Co-Fe and Co-Fe-Ni alloy films for magnetic recording write heads (2000)

The electrodeposition of Co-Fe and Co-Fe-Ni alloys from electrolytes without any organic additives is explored. For Co-Fe alloys, the effect of the ratio of Co and Fe concentrations in the electrolyte on the composition and magnetic properties of the deposits is examined. A maximum saturation magnetization of 20.4 kG is obtained, however the films showed high coercivity (20 to 30 Oe). The addition of Ni to the solution leads to much improved soft magnetic properties. A Fe-rich alloy, Co/sub 19/Fe/sub 52/Ni/sub 29/ showed a saturation magnetization of 20.5 kG, a coercivity of about 1 Oe and saturation magnetostriction /spl lambda//sub s/, about 10/sup -6/. Best soft magnetic properties are obtained when BCC and FCC phases are seen to coexist. The films show good stability of magnetic properties upon easy axis annealing up to 200/spl deg/C. Magnetic force microscopy showed the domain pattern to be a ripple structure for films with positive magnetostriction, changing to a stripe domain structure with increasing Ni content. This corresponds to a change in sign of the magnetostriction.
Segmenting skin lesions with partial differential equations based image processing algorithms (2002)

A PDE-based system for detecting the boundary of skin lesions in digital clinical skin images is presented. The image is first pre-processed via contrast-enhancement and anisotropic diffusion. If the lesion is covered by hairs, a PDE-based continuous morphological filter that removes them is used as an additional pre-processing step. Following these steps, the skin lesion is segmented either by the geodesic active contours model or the geodesic edge tracing approach. These techniques are based on computing, again via PDE's, a geodesic curve in a space defined by the image content. Examples showing the performance of the algorithm are given.
Epstein-Barr virus receptor of human B lymphocytes is the C3d receptor CR2. (1984)

Identity of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) receptor with the complement receptor type 2 (CR2) was established in three sets of experiments using the monoclonal antibodies, HB-5 and anti-B2, which recognize a Mr 145,000 B-lymphocyte membrane protein that is CR2. First, the rank order for binding of fluoresceinated EBV to four lymphoblastoid cell lines (SB, JY, Raji, and Molt-4) was identical to the rank order for binding of HB-5 and anti-B2 by analytical flow cytometry. Second, pretreatment of cells with HB-5 followed by treatment with goat F(ab')2 fragments to mouse IgG blocked binding of fluoresceinated EBV on SB, a B-lymphoblastoid cell line. Virus attachment was not inhibited by HB-5 alone, second antibody alone, rabbit anti-C3b receptor, or UPC10 (an irrelevant monoclonal antibody). Third, transfer of CR2 from SB to protein A-bearing Staphylococcus aureus particles, to which HB-5 had been absorbed, conferred on them the specific ability to bind 125I-labeled EBV. We conclude that CR2 is the EBV receptor of human B lymphocytes.
Kinetochore structure, duplication, and distribution in mammalian cells: analysis by human autoantibodies from scleroderma patients. (1981)

The specificity of the staining of CREST scleroderma patient serum was investigated by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. The serum was found to stain the centromere region of mitotic chromosomes in many mammalian cell types by immunofluorescence. It also localized discrete spots in interphase nuclei which we have termed "presumptive kinetochores." The number of presumptive kinetochores per cell corresponds to the chromosome number in the cell lines observed. Use of the immunoperoxidase technique to localize the antisera on PtK2 cells at the electron microscopic level revealed the specificity of the sera for the trilaminar kinetochore disks on metaphase and anaphase chromosomes. Presumptive kinetochores in the interphase nuclei were also visible in the electron microscope as randomly arranged, darkly stained spheres averaging 0.22 micrometers in diameter. Preabsorption of the antisera was attended using microtubule protein, purified tubulin, actin, and microtubule-associated proteins. None of these proteins diminished the immunofluorescence staining of the sera, indicating that the antibody-specific antigen(s) is a previously unrecognized component of the kinetochore region. In some interphase cells observed by both immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy, the presumptive kinetochores appeared as double rather than single spots. Analysis of results obtained using a microspectrophotometer to quantify DNA in individual cells double stained with scleroderma serum and the DNA fluorescent dye, propidium iodide, led to the conclusion that the presumptive kinetochores duplicate in G2 of the cell cycle.
Interferon alfa-2b adjuvant therapy of high-risk resected cutaneous melanoma: the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Trial EST 1684. (1996)

IFN alpha-2b prolongs the relapse-free interval and overall survival of high-risk resected melanoma patients. The increment in median disease-free survival (from 1 to 1.7 years) and overall survival (from 2.8 to 3.8 years) that results from this therapy is associated with a 42% improvement in the fraction of patients who are continuously disease-free after treatment with IFN (from 26% to 37%) in comparison to observation. IFN alpha-2b is the first agent to show a significant benefit in relapse-free and overall survival of high-risk melanoma patients in a randomized controlled trial.
Inhibition by CTLA4Ig of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (1996)

B7-1 and B7-2 are well characterized costimulatory ligands on Ag presentation cells for the CD28 and CTLA4 receptors on T cells. The fusion protein CTLA4Ig can block this interaction and prevent specific T cell activation. The development of fatal CD4+ T cell-mediated experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in susceptible female Lewis rats was optimized by immunization with 20 mg of guinea pig spinal cord homogenate in CFA on day 0 with three doses of 1 microgram pertussis toxin given i.v. on days 0, 3, and 7. This immunization regimen uniformly resulted in the development of severe clinical neurologic signs of EAE with 100% mortality by day 17 postimmunization. Treatment with 0.5 mg/dose of rhCTLA4-Ig on days - 2, 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 significantly decreased the incidence, delayed the onset, and reduced the severity of clinical EAE (p = 0.0002 vs control by the Mann-Whitney U test) enough to completely prevent fatal EAE, whereas treatment with control human IgG had no effect. Histologically, perivascular neutrophilic infiltrates were also dramatically decreased in the spinal cords of animals treated with CTLA4 but not in those treated with control human IgG. The proliferative response to encephalitogenic Ags (guinea pig myelin basic protein and proteolipid protein) by lymph node cells from animals immunized with guinea pig spinal cord 10 days before was also significantly suppressed in vitro by CTLA4Ig (1 microg/ml). However, the protective effect of CTLA4Ig could be completely prevented by the daily i.p. administration, from day 0 to 10, of exogenous human rIL-2 (180,000 IU). These results indicate a critical requirement of the costimulatory B7/CD28 pathway early in the development of CD4+ T cell-mediated EAE in the rat.
Electronic beam steering using switched parasiticpatch elements (1997)

A new technique is presented demonstrating the use of switched parasitic elements in electronic beam steering applications. Experimental and theoretical results are presented for a linearly polarised five element steerable patch antenna array operating at 1.55 GHz. Shorted parasitic elements have been used to steer the beam in two directions for tracking polar orbiting satellites. The minimum gain of the system for elevation angles &gt;20° above the horizon is -1.5 dBi in the forward direction.
Transfection of human endothelial cells (1997)

Gene expression is detectable in a high percentage of human endothelial cells after liposome-mediated transfection when expression is controlled by a strong promoter. Particle-mediated transfection is less efficient under these conditions, but more effective than liposomes when expression is driven by a relatively weak promoter. Calcium phosphate and DEAE-dextran are less useful.
CUE-101, a Novel E7-pHLA-IL2-Fc Fusion Protein, Enhances Tumor Antigen-Specific T-Cell Activation for the Treatment of HPV16-Driven Malignancies (2020)

Consistent with its design, CUE-101 demonstrates selective expansion of an HPV16 E7<sub>11-20</sub>-specific population of cytotoxic CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, a favorable safety profile, and <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> evidence supporting its potential for clinical efficacy in an ongoing phase I trial (NCT03978689).
Increased oxidized low‐density lipoprotein causes blood‐brain barrier disruption in early‐onset preeclampsia through LOX‐1 (2012)

Early-onset preeclampsia (EPE) is a severe form of preeclampsia that involves life-threatening neurological complications. However, the underlying mechanism by which EPE affects the maternal brain is not known. We hypothesized that plasma from women with EPE increases blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability vs. plasma from women with late-onset preeclampsia (LPE) or normal pregnancy (NP) and investigated its underlying mechanism by perfusing cerebral veins from nonpregnant rats (n=6-7/group) with human plasma from women with EPE, LPE, or NP and measuring permeability. We show that plasma from women with EPE significantly increased BBB permeability vs. plasma from women with LPE or NP (P<0.001). BBB disruption in response to EPE plasma was due to a 260% increase of circulating oxidized LDL (oxLDL) binding to its receptor, LOX-1, and subsequent generation of peroxynitrite (P<0.001). A rat model with pathologically high lipid levels in pregnancy showed symptoms of preeclampsia, including elevated blood pressure, growth-restricted fetuses, and LOX-1-dependent BBB disruption, similar to EPE (P<0.05). Thus, we have identified LOX-1 activation by oxLDL and subsequent peroxynitrite generation as a novel mechanism by which disruption of the BBB occurs in EPE. As increased BBB permeability is a primary means by which seizure and other neurological symptoms ensue, our findings highlight oxLDL, LOX-1, and peroxynitrite as important therapeutic targets in EPE.
The prevalence of frontotemporal dementia (2002)

Frontotemporal dementia is a more common cause of early-onset dementia than previously recognized and appears to be more common in men.
Coherent Structural Dynamics and Electronic Correlations during an Ultrafast Insulator-to-Metal Phase Transition inVO2 (2007)

We directly trace the multi-THz conductivity of VO2 during an insulator-metal transition triggered by a 12-fs light pulse. The femtosecond dynamics of lattice and electronic degrees of freedom are spectrally discriminated. A coherent wave packet motion of V-V dimers at 6 THz modulates the lattice polarizability for approximately 1 ps. In contrast, the electronic conductivity settles to a constant value already after one V-V oscillation cycle. Based on our findings, we propose a qualitative model for the nonthermal phase transition.