gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Convex Programming-Based Phase Retrieval: Theory and Applications (2016)

Phase retrieval is the problem of recovering a signal from its Fourier magnitude. This inverse problem arises in many areas of engineering and applied physics, and has been studied for nearly a century. Due to the absence of Fourier phase, the available information is incomplete in general. Classic identifiability results state that phase retrieval of one-dimensional signals is impossible, and that phase retrieval of higher-dimensional signals is almost surely possible under mild conditions. However, there are no efficient recovery algorithms with theoretical guarantees. Classic algorithms are based on the method of alternating projections. These algorithms do not have theoretical guarantees, and have limited recovery abilities due to the issue of convergence to local optima. Recently, there has been a renewed interest in phase retrieval due to technological advances in measurement systems and theoretical developments in structured signal recovery. In particular, it is now possible to obtain specific kinds of additional magnitude-only information about the signal, depending on the application. The premise is that, by carefully redesigning the measurement process, one could potentially overcome the issues of phase retrieval. To this end, another approach could be to impose certain kinds of prior on the signal, depending on the application. On the algorithmic side, convex programming based approaches have played a key role in modern phase retrieval, inspired by their success in provably solving several quadratic constrained problems. In this work, we study several variants of phase retrieval using modern tools, with focus on applications like X-ray crystallography, diffraction imaging, optics, astronomy and radar. In the one-dimensional setup, we first develop conditions, which when satisfied, allow unique reconstruction. Then, we develop efficient recovery algorithms based on convex programming, and provide theoretical guarantees. The theory and algorithms we develop are independent of the dimension of the signal, and hence can be used in all the aforementioned applications. We also perform a comparative numerical study of the convex programming and the alternating projection based algorithms. Numerical simulations clearly demonstrate the superior ability of the convex programming based methods, both in terms of successful recovery in the noiseless setting and stable reconstruction in the noisy setting.
The asialoglycoprotein receptor: a model for endocytic transport receptors (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe asialoglycoprotein receptor: a model for endocytic transport receptorsMartin SpiessCite this: Biochemistry 1990, 29, 43, 10009–10018Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00495a001https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00495a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1618Altmetric-Citations381LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Virtual Metrology Modeling for Plasma Etch Operations (2009)

The objective of this paper is to present the utilization of information produced during plasma etching for the prediction of etch bias. A plasma etching process typically relies on the concentration of electrically activated chemical species in a reaction chambers over time, depending on chamber pressure, gas flow rate, power level, and other chamber and wafer properties. Plasma properties, as well as equipment factors, are complex and vary over time. In this paper, we will use various statistical techniques to address challenges due to the nature of plasma data: high dimensionality, colinearity, parameter interactions and nonlinearities, variation of data structure due to equipment condition changing over time, etc. The emphasis will be data integrity, variable selection, accommodation for process dynamics, and model-building methods. Different techniques will be evaluated with an industrial dataset.
Smooth muscle cell proliferation. Expression and kinase activities of p34cdc2 and mitogen-activated protein kinase homologues. (1993)

Rat vascular smooth muscle cells were synchronized to the quiescent state (G0) by serum deprivation and then stimulated to enter the cell cycle by serum refeeding. At various times of the cell cycle, cells were analyzed for the expression of p34cdc2 and mitogen-activated protein kinase homologues by immunoblotting and for kinase activity toward histone H1, myelin basic protein, and caldesmon. A small amount of p34cdc2 was expressed in the G0/G1 phase (0 to 8 hours). At the G1/S transition (12 hours), the level of p34cdc2 started to accumulate and increased by 60-fold at G2/M (18 hours), accompanied by a more slowly migrating band. Histone H1 kinase activity was undetectable in anti-p34cdc2 immunoprecipitates in the G0/G1 cells but appeared around the G1/S boundary and peaked at G2/M (18 hours). The caldesmon kinase activity exhibited two distinct phases: the first appeared at G0/G1 (0 to 8 hours), and the second appeared at G1/S and continued through G2/M. Two mitogen-activated protein kinase isoforms were expressed throughout the cell cycle. Anti-mitogen-activated protein kinase immunoprecipitates possessed kinase activities toward myelin basic protein and caldesmon, which were activated within 15 minutes after serum stimulation and declined within a few hours. These findings suggest that p34cdc2 and mitogen-activated protein kinase homologues may play significant roles in regulating the progression of the cell cycle of smooth muscle cells, the former at the G2/M transition and the latter at the G0/G1 transition.
A specification of Java loading and bytecode verification (1998)

Article Free Access Share on A specification of Java loading and bytecode verification Author: Allen Goldberg Kestrel Institute, 3260 Hillview Av., Palo Alto, CA Kestrel Institute, 3260 Hillview Av., Palo Alto, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims CCS '98: Proceedings of the 5th ACM conference on Computer and communications securityNovember 1998 Pages 49–58https://doi.org/10.1145/288090.288104Published:01 November 1998Publication History 49citation691DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations49Total Downloads691Last 12 Months18Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Quantifying driver stress: developing a system for collecting and processing bio-metric signals in natural situations. (1999)

A system for quantifying the physiological features of emotional stress is being developed for use during a driving task. Two prototypes, using sensors that measure the driver's skin conductance, respiration, muscle activity, and heart activity are presented. The first system allows sampling rates of 200 Hz on two fast channels and 20 Hz on six additional channels. It uses a wearable computer to do real-time processing on the signals and has an attached digital camera which was used to capture images of the driver's facial expression once every minute. The second system uses a car-based computer that allows a sampling rate of 1984 samples per second on eight channels. This system uses multiple video cameras to continuously capture the driver's facial expression and road conditions. The data is then synchronized with the physiological signals using a video quad-splitter. The methods for extracting physiological features in the driving environment are discussed, including measurement of the skin conductance orienting response, muscle activity, pulse, and respiration patterns. Preliminary studies show how using multiple modalities of sensors can help discriminate reactions to driving events and how individual's response to similar driving conditions can vary from day to day.
The Cotton ACTIN1 Gene Is Functionally Expressed in Fibers and Participates in Fiber Elongation (2005)

Single-celled cotton fiber (Gossypium hirsutum) provides a unique experimental system to study cell elongation. To investigate the role of the actin cytoskeleton during fiber development, 15 G. hirsutum ACTIN (GhACT) cDNA clones were characterized. RNA gel blot and real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed that GhACT genes are differentially expressed in different tissues and can be classified into four groups. One group, represented by GhACT1, is expressed predominantly in fiber cells and was studied in detail. A 0.8-kb GhACT1 promoter sufficient to confirm its fiber-specific expression was identified. RNA interference of GhACT1 caused significant reduction of its mRNA and protein levels and disrupted the actin cytoskeleton network in fibers. No defined actin network was observed in these fibers and, consequently, fiber elongation was inhibited. Our results suggested that GhACT1 plays an important role in fiber elongation but not fiber initiation.
miR-15 and miR-16 induce apoptosis by targeting BCL2 (2005)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common human leukemia and is characterized by predominantly nondividing malignant B cells overexpressing the antiapoptotic B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) protein. miR-15a and miR-16-1 are deleted or down-regulated in the majority of CLLs. Here, we demonstrate that miR-15a and miR-16-1 expression is inversely correlated to Bcl2 expression in CLL and that both microRNAs negatively regulate Bcl2 at a posttranscriptional level. BCL2 repression by these microRNAs induces apoptopsis in a leukemic cell line model. Therefore, miR-15 and miR-16 are natural antisense Bcl2 interactors that could be used for therapy of Bcl2-overexpressing tumors.
Endothelial Interleukin-8: A Novel Inhibitor of Leukocyte-Endothelial Interactions (1989)

Certain inflammatory stimuli render cultured human vascular endothelial cells hyperadhesive for neutrophils. This state is transient and reversible, in part because activated endothelial cells secrete a leukocyte adhesion inhibitor (LAI). LAI was identified as endothelial interleukin-8 (IL-8), the predominant species of which is an extended amino-terminal IL-8 variant. At nanomolar concentrations, purified endothelial IL-8 and recombinant human IL-8 inhibit neutrophil adhesion to cytokine-activated endothelial monolayers and protect these monolayers from neutrophil-mediated damage. These findings suggest that endothelial-derived IL-8 may function to attenuate inflammatory events at the interface between vessel wall and blood.
Fundamentals of Breath Malodour (2001)

Breath malodour is a condition that has health and social implications. The origin of breath malodour problems are related to both systemic and oral conditions. The advice of dental professionals for treatment of this condition occurs with regularity since 90% of breath odor problems emanate from the oral cavity. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the etiology of breath odor, its prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for the condition.
Alterations in Liver ATP Homeostasis in Human Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (1999)

These data suggest that recovery from hepatic ATP depletion becomes progressively less efficient as body mass increases in healthy controls and is severely impaired in patients with obesity-related nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
A Microscale Electrospray Interface for Online, Capillary Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry of Complex Peptide Mixtures (1995)

A microcapillary liquid chromatography (HPLC) system designed for the gradient elution of peptide and protein samples at flow rates < 1 microL/min has been coupled to a triple-sector quadrupole mass spectrometer via a simple sheathless electrospray interface (microspray). The microspray interface used a flame-drawn, uncoated, fused silica needle with tip outer diameters in the range of 15-20 microm and an opening less than 5 microm in diameter. Online sample filtration to prevent clogging of the drawn needle was accomplished by using a hydrophilic PVDF membrane filter integrated into the needle assembly. The spray potential (0.5-1 kV) was applied directly to the sample stream through the capillary union. Stable electrospray conditions were obtained over the full range of the gradient (0-90% acetonitrile in water) and was generally independent of flow rate. Both off-line and online analyses of proteins and peptide digest mixtures were performed at sample levels less than 10 fmol. HPLC parameters could be optimized for either rapid LC/MS analysis or enhanced performance in LC/MS/MS experiments by modulation of the eluting peak widths. Additionally, flow could be greatly reduced as selected components pass through the interface to prolong the time available to collect mass spectral data. The reduced spectral background and peak width manipulation facilitated the acquisition of peptide production spectra (MS/MS) using real-time, automated instrument control procedures.
Autistic disorder and gastrointestinal disease (2002)

Autistic disorder is a pervasive developmental disorder manifested in the first 3 years of life by dysfunction in social interaction and communication. Many efforts have been made to explore the biologic basis of this disorder, but the etiology remains unknown. Recent publications describing upper gastrointestinal abnormalities and ileocolitis have focused attention on gastrointestinal function and morphology in these children. High prevalence of histologic abnormalities in the esophagus, stomach, small intestine and colon, and dysfunction of liver conjugation capacity and intestinal permeability were reported. Three surveys conducted in the United States described high prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in children with autistic disorder. Treatment of the digestive problems may have positive effects on their behavior.
Effects of processing and storage on chlorophyll derivatives in commercially extracted canola oil (1994)

Abstract This study characterizes the chlorophyll pigments present in canola oil immediately after commercial extraction and following oil storage to determine the best storage conditions for analytical samples and to examine the changes that chlorophyll derivatives undergo during oil processing and storage. Samples of pressed, solvent‐extracted, crude and degummed canola oils, obtained from a commercial crushing plant, were stored for one month under four different conditions—in the freezer, in a refrigerator and at room temperature both in the light and in the dark. Chlorophyll derivatives (chlorophylls, pheophytins, pyropheophytins) were measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography immediately after sampling and then on a weekly basis. The main pigments present in commercially extracted canola oil were pheophytin a, pyropheophytin a, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. The “a” derivatives comprised 81 to 100% of total chlorophyll pigments in the fresh oil samples. During degumming, the remaining chlorophylls were converted to pheophytins and pyropheophytins. During oil storage, exposure to light at room temperature affected the composition of chlorophyll derivatives as chlorophyll b was converted to pheophytin b and chlorophyll a was converted first to pheophytin a, then to pyropheophytin a.
Audio-Based Navigation Using Virtual Environments: Combining Technology and Neuroscience (2009)

For individuals who are blind, navigation requires the construction of a cognitive spatial map of one’s surrounding environment. Novel technological approaches are being developed to teach and enhance this cognitive skill. Here, we discuss user-centered, audio-based methods of virtual navigation implemented through computer gaming. The immersive, engaging, and heavily interactive nature of the software allows for the generation of mental spatial representations that can be transferred to real-world navigation tasks and, furthermore, promotes creativity and problem-solving skills. Navigation with virtual environments also represents a tractable testing platform to collect quantifiable metrics and monitor learning. Combining this technology with neuroscience research can be used to investigate brain mechanisms related to sensory processing in the absence of vision.
The Interaction of Botrocetin with Normal or Variant von Willebrand Factor (Types IIA and IIB) and Its Inhibition by Monoclonal Antibodies that Block Receptor Binding (1992)

We have recently shown the existence of two distinct forms of botrocetin (one-chain and two-chain), and demonstrated that the two-chain species is approximately 30 times more active than the one-chain in promoting von Willebrand factor (vWF) binding to platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib. The N-terminal sequence of two-chain botrocetin is highly homologous to sea-urchin Echinoidin and other Ca(2+)-dependent lectins (Fujimura et al., Biochemistry 1991; 30: 1957-64). Present data indicate that purified two-chain botrocetin binds to vWF from plasmas of patients with type IIA or IIB von Willebrand disease and its interaction is indistinguishable from that with vWF from normal individuals. However, an "activated complex" formed between botrocetin and IIB vWF expresses an enhanced biological activity for binding to GP Ib whereas the complex with IIA vWF has a decreased binding activity. Among several anti-vWF monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) which inhibit ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation and/or vWF binding to GP Ib, only two MoAbs (NMC-4 and RFF-VIII RAG:1) abolished direct binding between purified botrocetin and vWF. This suggests that they recognize an epitope(s) on the vWF molecule in close proximity to the botrocetin binding site.
Mouse models of breast cancer metastasis (2006)

Metastatic spread of cancer cells is the main cause of death of breast cancer patients, and elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying this process is a major focus in cancer research. The identification of appropriate therapeutic targets and proof-of-concept experimentation involves an increasing number of experimental mouse models, including spontaneous and chemically induced carcinogenesis, tumor transplantation, and transgenic and/or knockout mice. Here we give a progress report on how mouse models have contributed to our understanding of the molecular processes underlying breast cancer metastasis and on how such experimentation can open new avenues to the development of innovative cancer therapy.
Integrated medical-image system for cancer research and treatment (1996)

This paper describes a large, heterogeneous network of supercomputers, workstations, and personal computers for clinicians and researchers at the National Cancer Center in Tokyo. Intended uses of the system include a medical-image database, a patient-record database, visualization of 3D medical images, computer-assisted diagnosis, genome and protein databases, and proof-of-concept synthetic environments. An overview of the system is followed by detailed descriptions of two subsystems: the medical-image-database subsystem and the synthetic-environment subsystem. The medical-image-database subsystem integrates a large number of image-acquisition devices, such as X-ray computed tomography and ultrasound echography equipment. The image database is designed for a high image-data input rate by means of a storage hierarchy and high-speed network connections. The synthetic-environment subsystem includes two prototype applications (a neurosurgery simulator and an anatomy viewer) that explore the possibilities of synthetic-environment technology in medicine.
Danazol for the Treatment of Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (1983)

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is an autoimmune disorder, most common in young women. We treated 22 patients with this disorder (12 of whom were women) with danazol, an androgen with reduced virilizing capability, for two months or longer. Fifteen had undergone splenectomy, all were receiving glucocorticoids, and 18 had also been given other treatments. Fifteen of the patients were benefited, 11 with sustained normalization of their platelet counts. Six of eight patients tested had initial increases in circulating platelet-reactive IgG; in all six there was a marked decrease concomitant with danazol therapy. Danazol was effective in both men and women, irrespective of previous treatments. The duration of remissions ranged from 2 to 13 months. The drug was well tolerated and appears to be better suited than glucocorticoids for long-term management of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, but the exact indications for the use of danazol in this disorder remain to be determined.
Progress towards gene therapy for HIV infection. (1994)

The retroviral life cycle and genetic plasticity of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) present unprecedented therapeutic challenges. Twelve years into the HIV epidemic, satisfactory treatment remains elusive. Our current understanding of AIDS pathogenesis calls for early intervention with antiviral agents. Although still in its infancy, human gene therapy holds considerable potential for the long-term treatment of genetic disorders, cancer and chronic infectious diseases. Gene therapy for HIV infection is receiving particularly intensive study: approaches that are in development include both immunotherapy (e.g. therapeutic vaccines and adoptive transfer of CD8+ T-cell clones) and direct antiviral therapy (intracellular immunization). The latter strategies include transdominant modifications of HIV proteins, RNA decoys, antisense RNA, ribozymes and modifications of cellular proteins (e.g. intracellular antibodies, soluble CD4). Several of these strategies are now entering clinical trials. While significant conceptual and technical hurdles remain to be overcome before the promise of gene therapy for HIV infection can be fully realized, progress in this field is likely to be rapid and to contribute to the broader applicability of human gene therapy to the treatment of other disorders.