gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antenna Engineering Handbook, Fourth Edition (2007)

The most widely used and recognized book on antennas - massively updated to reflect the latest developments in engineering and design. Led by John Volakis, renowned antenna expert, more than 50 of the leading names in the field have completely updated this classic to ensure it remains the most authoritative antenna sourcebook available anywhere.You will find all the expertise you need to solve anyengineering problem that may arise in the design and application of the very latest types of antenna.
A dual-quantization multi-bit sigma delta analog/digital converter (2002)

The usual steps taken to enhance the performance of /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ A/D converters are increasing the order of the loop, or increasing the resolution of the internal quantizer. In this paper, a dual-quantization technique is employed to increase both the order and the resolution of the internal quantizer. Using dual-quantization technique, the sensitivity of the overall resolution to the nonlinearity of the multibit DAC is reduced. The monolithic realization of a third-order 5-bit modulator demonstrated the capabilities of the dual-quantization architecture.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Advanced infrared detectors for multimode active and passive imaging applications (2008)

Active systems, using a near-infrared pulse laser and a fast, gated detector, are now adopted for most long range imaging applications. This concept is often called laser-gated imaging (LGI) or burst-illumination LIDAR (BIL). The SELEX solid state detector is based on an array of HgCdTe avalanche photodiodes, and a custom-designed CMOS multiplexer to perform the fast gating and photon signal capture. This paper describes two recent developments. The first is aimed at reducing the size, weight, power and cost of steerable platforms which often have to contain a large number of electrooptic tools such as lasers, range finders, BIL, thermal imaging and visible cameras. A dual-mode infrared detector has been developed with the aim of shrinking the system to one camera. The detector can be switched to operate as a passive thermal imager, a laser-gated imager or a solar flux imager. The detector produces a sensitivity in the MW thermal band of 16-18mK and a sensitivity in the BIL mode as low as 10 photons rms, in other words close to the performance of dedicated imagers. A second development was to extend the current BIL capability to 3D. In complex scenes, with camouflage and concealment, the ability to generate 3D images provides a signal-to-clutter advantage. Also in airborne applications, especially, it is useful to have 3D information to provide agile, feedback control of the range gating in a dynamic environment. This report describes the development of the 3D detector and camera, and the results of field trials using a prototype system.
The Functions of MicroRNAs and Long Non-Coding RNAs in Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2013)

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold immense promise for regenerative medicine due to their abilities to self-renew and to differentiate into all cell types. This unique property is controlled by a complex interplay between transcriptional factors and epigenetic regulators. Recent research indicates that the epigenetic role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) is an integral component of this regulatory network. This report will summarize findings that focus on two classes of regulatory ncRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), in the induction, maintenance and directed differentiation of ESCs and iPSCs. Manipulating these two important types of ncRNAs would be crucial to unlock the therapeutic and research potential of pluripotent stem cells.
The golden age of retinal cell culture. (1999)

In the late 1950s, the study of retinal cells in vitro was in its infancy. Today, retinal cell and tissue culture is routinely used for studies of cell growth, differentiation, cytotoxicity, gene expression, and cell death. This review discusses the major classifications of retinal cell and tissue culture, including primary cell/explant models, retinoblastoma cell lines, and genetically engineered cell lines. These topics are addressed in an historical perspective, coupled with present-day applications for this continually-developing technology.
Efficacy and safety results of ABT-414 in combination with radiation and temozolomide in newly diagnosed glioblastoma (2016)

ABT-414 plus chemoradiation demonstrated an acceptable safety and pharmacokinetic profile in newly diagnosed glioblastoma. Randomized studies are ongoing to determine efficacy in newly diagnosed (NCT02573324) and recurrent glioblastoma (NCT02343406).
Anti-integrin monoclonal antibody CNTO 95 enhances the therapeutic efficacy of fractionated radiation therapy in vivo (2008)

Selective targeting of up-regulated integrins on tumor cells is a novel antiangiogenesis strategy for treating solid tumors. CNTO 95 is a fully human anti-alpha(v) integrin monoclonal antibody and has shown antitumor activity when used as a single agent in preclinical studies. We previously showed that radiation combined with an integrin alpha(v)beta(3) antagonist cRGD peptide increased the therapeutic efficacy of radiation in preclinical tumor models. We hypothesized that the combination of radiation and CNTO 95 would synergistically enhance the efficacy of radiation therapy. The in vitro studies showed that CNTO 95 radiosensitized and induced apoptosis in M21 cells in vitronectin-coated dishes. In mice bearing established human cancer xenograft tumors, CNTO 95 alone had only a moderate effect on tumor growth. The combined therapy of CNTO 95 and fractionated radiation significantly inhibited tumor growth and produced the longer tumor growth delay time in multiple tumor models. Maintenance dosing of CNTO 95 following irradiation contributed to efficacy and was important for continued inhibition of tumor regrowth. Immunohistochemistry studies showed that the combined use of CNTO 95 and radiation reduced the alpha(v) integrin and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor expression and the microvessel density and increased apoptosis in tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment. CNTO 95 alone and in combination with radiation did not produce any obvious signs of systemic toxicity. These results show that CNTO 95 can potentiate the efficacy of fractionated radiation therapy in a variety of human cancer xenograft tumor types in nude mice. These findings are very promising and may have high translational relevance for the treatment of patients with solid tumors.
Optimisation of DNA and RNA extraction from archival formalin-fixed tissue (1999)

Archival, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue is an invaluable resource for molecular genetic studies but the extraction of high quality nucleic acid may be problematic. We have optimised DNA extraction by comparing 10 protocols, including a commercially available kit and a novel method that utilises a thermal cycler. The thermal cycler and Chelex-100 extraction method yielded DNA capable of amplification by PCR from every block and 61% of sections versus 54% using microwave and Chelex-100, 15% with classical xylene-based extraction and 60% of sections using the kit. Successful RNA extraction was observed, by beta-actin amplification, in 83.7% sections for samples treated by the thermal cycler and Chelex-100 method. Thermal cycler and Chelex-100 extraction of nucleic acid is reliable, quick and inexpensive.
Inhibition of translation and bacterial growth by peptide nucleic acid targeted to ribosomal RNA (1998)

Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is a DNA mimic that has shown considerable promise as a lead compound for developing gene therapeutic drugs. We report that PNAs targeted to functional and accessible sites in ribosomal RNA can inhibit translation in an Escherichia coli cell-free transcription/translation system, with 50% reductions caused by nanomolar PNA concentrations. The effect in vitro is quantitatively similar to that of the known translation inhibitor and antibiotic tetracycline. Also, the targeted PNAs inhibited bacterial growth on agar plates and in liquid culture. A strain of E. coli (AS19) that is more permeable to antibiotics was approximately 10-fold more sensitive to the active PNAs, suggesting that the effect on growth indeed was caused by PNAs that entered cells. Inhibition was not observed when using control PNAs of similar composition but with an unrelated or mismatched sequence. The results demonstrate that ribosomal RNA is a possible target for sequence-designed novel antibiotics based on DNA analogues or mimics.
An adaptation architecture to improve user-perceived QoS of multimedia services for enterprise remote desktop protocols (2005)

Limitations in the contemporary best effort WAN combined with an increase in demand of the business users for multimedia are the main challenges for remote desktop solutions. Thin client remote desktop protocols are now mature enough to work efficiently over low bandwidth and low quality links for normal office applications. However, they face significant challenges when working with more demanding data flows such as multimedia streams. This paper introduces the server-side component of the architecture for remote desktop environment aiming at improving user perception of the more demanding and network sensitive multimedia applications and services. Our component maps of user-perceived quality of service (QoS) onto network-level performance parameters in order to improve overall end-to-end QoS. The set of perception rules defined for each application and type of user triggers the adaptation mechanisms to change the transmission parameters in order to meet end user expectations. The adaptation mechanisms can optimize the usage of the available network resources within a dedicated network link both for different flows within single client connection and for all clients connected to the same server module. The result of such an optimization is a new set of connection parameters adjusted to network state changes and user perception of remote desktop. In the paper we discuss requirements of such QoS control mechanisms and respective adaptation mechanisms, followed by the detailed description of the proposed component architecture.
Amyloid-beta peptide induced inflammatory reaction is mediated by the cytokines tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1. (1999)

A chronic inflammatory response possibly mediated by amyloid-beta (A beta) is believed to be a major factor in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, we demonstrated that in vivo administration of A beta produces an inflammatory response and vascular disruption as seen in the brains of AD patients. In an inflammatory response, leukocyte activation and extravasation involves cytokine production. Previous studies have indicated that immune interactions exist between the central nervous system and the peripheral immune mechanisms in AD. Increased levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) have been detected in brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood/serum from AD patients. In addition, A beta stimulated the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in brain astrocytes and murine monocytes. Using an animal model we investigated the role of the cytokines, TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta, in the A beta-induced inflammatory response. Adult male rats were perfused via an intra-aortic cannula with either A beta alone, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 ra) plus A beta, tumor necrosis factor-binding protein (TNF-bp) plus A beta or sterile saline. Serum analysis for TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, A beta and NO showed a significant increase in TNF-alpha and A beta but not in IL-1 beta or NO after the injection of A beta. Control values for serum A beta averaged 1.6 ng/ml and in rats injected with A beta, 99.6% of this peptide was removed from the blood within 30 min. The mesenteric arterioles and venules were video recorded for 1-2 h and then processed for electron microscopy (EM). In rats given A beta alone there was extensive vascular disruption, including endothelial and smooth muscle damage with leukocyte adhesion and migration. Animals receiving either IL-1 ra or TNF-bp before A beta showed no in vivo leukocyte extravasation or vascular damage under EM. Therefore, the cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta seem to mediate the vascular disruption and inflammatory response initiated by A beta. Antagonism of these pro-inflammatory cytokines may offer new avenues for AD therapy.
Selective induction of peroxisomal enzymes by the hypolipidemic drug bezafibrate. Detection of modulations by automatic image analysis in conjunction with immunoelectron microscopy and immunoblotting. (1988)

Quantitative immunoelectron microscopy in conjunction with quantitative analysis of immunoblots have been used to study the effects of bezafibrate (BF), a peroxisome-proliferating hypolipidemic drug, upon six different enzyme proteins in rat liver peroxisomes (Po). Antibodies against following peroxisomal enzymes: catalase, urate oxidase, alpha-hydroxy acid oxidase, acyl-CoA oxidase, bifunctional enzyme (hydratase-dehydrogenase) and thiolase, were raised in rabbits, and their monospecificities were confirmed by immunoblotting. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated for 7 days with 250 mg/kg/day bezafibrate and liver sections were incubated with the appropriate antibodies followed by the protein A-gold complex. The labeling density for each enzyme was estimated by automatic image analysis. In parallel experiments immunoblots prepared from highly purified peroxisome fractions of normal and BF-treated rats were incubated with the same antibodies. The antigens were visualized by an improved protein A-gold method including an anti-protein A step and silver amplification. The immunoblots were also quantitated by an image analyzer. The results revealed a selective induction of beta-oxidation enzymes by bezafibrate with thiolase showing the most increase followed by bifunctional protein and acyl-CoA oxidase. The labeling density for catalase and alpha-hydroxy acid oxidase was reduced, confirming fully the quantitative analysis of immunoblots which in addition revealed reduction of uricase. These observations demonstrate that hypolipidemic drugs induce selectively the beta-oxidation enzymes while other peroxisomal enzymes are reduced. The quantitative immunoelectron microscopy with automatic image analysis provides a versatile, highly sensitive and efficient method for rapid detection of modulations of individual proteins in peroxisomes.
A Functional IFN-γ-Inducible Protein-10/CXCL10-Specific Receptor Expressed by Epithelial and Endothelial Cells That Is Neither CXCR3 Nor Glycosaminoglycan (2001)

Interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP-10)/CXCL10 is a CXC chemokine that attracts T lymphocytes and NK cells through activation of CXCR3, the only chemokine receptor identified to date that binds IP-10/CXCL10. We have found that several nonhemopoietic cell types, including epithelial and endothelial cells, have abundant levels of a receptor that binds IP-10/CXCL10 with a Kd of 1-6 nM. Surprisingly, these cells expressed no detectable CXCR3 mRNA. Furthermore, no cell surface expression of CXCR3 was detectable by flow cytometry, and the binding of 125I-labeled IP-10/CXCL10 to these cells was not competed by the other high affinity ligands for CXCR3, monokine induced by IFN-gamma/CXCL9, and I-TAC/CXCL11. Although IP-10/CXCL10 binds to cell surface heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan (GAG), the receptor expressed by these cells is not GAG, since the affinity of IP-10/CXCL10 for this receptor is much higher than it is for GAG, its binding is not competed by platelet factor 4/CXCL4, and it is present on cells that are genetically incapable of synthesizing GAG. Furthermore, in contrast to IP-10/CXCL10 binding to GAG, IP-10/CXCL10 binding to these cells induces new gene expression and chemotaxis, indicating the ability of this receptor to transduce a signal. These high affinity IP-10/CXCL10-specific receptors on epithelial cells may be involved in cell migration and, perhaps, in the spread of metastatic cells as they exit from the vasculature. (All of the lung cancer cells we examined also expressed CXCR4, which has been shown to play a role in breast cancer metastasis.) CXCR3-negative endothelial cells may also use this receptor to mediate the angiostatic activity of IP-10/CXCL10, which is also expressed by these cells in an autocrine manner.
Trace Detection of Tetrahydrocannabinol in Body Fluid via Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering and Principal Component Analysis (2019)

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main active component in marijuana and the rapid detection of THC in human body fluid plays a critical role in forensic analysis and public health. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensing has been increasingly used to detect illicit drugs; however, only limited SERS sensing results of THC in methanol solution have been reported, while its presence in body fluids, such as saliva or plasma, has yet to be investigated. In this article, we demonstrate the trace detection of THC in human plasma and saliva solution using a SERS-active substrate formed by in situ growth of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on diatom frustules. THC at extremely low concentration of 1 pM in plasma and purified saliva solutions were adequately distinguished with good reproducibility. The SERS peak at 1603 cm<sup>-1</sup> with standard deviation of 3.4 cm<sup>-1</sup> was used for the evaluation of THC concentration in a methanol solution. Our SERS measurement also shows that this signature peak experiences a noticeable wavenumber shift and a slightly wider variation in the plasma and saliva solution. Additionally, we observed that THC in plasma or saliva samples produces a strong SERS peak at 1621 cm<sup>-1</sup> due to the stretching mode of O-C═O, which is related to the metabolic change of THC structures in body fluid. To conduct a quantitative analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to analyze the SERS spectra of 1 pM THC in methanol solution, plasma, and purified saliva samples. The maximum variability of the first three principal components was achieved at 71%, which clearly denotes the impact of different biological background signals. Similarly, the SERS spectra of THC in raw saliva solution under various metabolic times were studied using PCA and 98% of the variability is accounted for in the first three principal components. The clear separation of samples measured at different THC resident times can provide time-dependent information on the THC metabolic process in body fluids. A linear regression model was used to estimate the metabolic rate of THC in raw saliva and the predicted metabolic time in the testing data set matched well with the training data set. In summary, the hybrid plasmonic-biosilica SERS substrate can achieve ultrasensitive, near-quantitative detection of trace levels of THC in complex body fluids, which can potentially transform forensic sensing techniques to detect marijuana abuse.
Intracellular Ca2+ signaling in endothelial cells by the angiogenesis inhibitors endostatin and angiostatin (2001)

Intracellular signaling mechanisms by the angiogenesis inhibitors endostatin and angiostatin remain poorly understood. We have found that endostatin (2 microg/ml) and angiostatin (5 microg/ml) elicited transient, approximately threefold increases in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)). Acute exposure to angiostatin or endostatin nearly abolished subsequent endothelial [Ca(2+)](i) responses to carbachol or to thapsigargin; conversely, thapsigargin attenuated the Ca(2+) signal elicited by endostatin. The phospholipase C inhibitor U-73122 and the inositol trisphosphate (IP(3)) receptor inhibitor xestospongin C both inhibited endostatin-induced elevation in [Ca(2+)](i), and endostatin rapidly elevated endothelial cell IP(3) levels. Pertussis toxin and SB-220025 modestly inhibited the endostatin-induced Ca(2+) signal. Removal of extracellular Ca(2+) inhibited the endostatin-induced rise in [Ca(2+)](i), as did a subset of Ca(2+)-entry inhibitors. Peak Ca(2+) responses to endostatin and angiostatin in endothelial cells exceeded those in epithelial cells and were minimal in NIH/3T3 cells. Overnight pretreatment of endothelial cells with endostatin reduced the subsequent acute elevation in [Ca(2+)](i) in response to vascular endothelial growth factor or to fibroblast growth factor by approximately 70%. Intracellular Ca(2+) signaling may initiate or mediate some of the cellular actions of endostatin and angiostatin.
Collaborative Decision Making framework for multi-agent system (2008)

Highly complex problems are usually solved by a team of experts and decision making that involves uncertain data is challenging for human decision makers. Collaborative Decision Making (CDM) is an important human activity and it has many practical applications in society, economy, management and engineering, etc. Researchers are faced with new challenges in research on theory and methods of Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) with the rapid advent of internet and information technology. Also, the existing groupware do not have tools to effectively analyze and provide support for social facets of group work. One of the challenges in collaborative work is social decision making in a computer mediated environment. Trust is a basic feature of social situations and plays a critical role in problem solving. Social Trust models like Recommender system, Trust management for pervasive computing, are becoming invaluable part of distributed systems. In this paper we have proposed a multi-agent based collaborative decision making framework for distributed environment in which a group of agents collaborate for decision making based on social issues. The proposed framework is capable of making good decision based on social parameters. Geographical Information System (GIS) is a well suited example for Multi Agent System (MAS) and GIS application is considered for our experimental work.
Distamycin A-induced fragility on chromosome 16, fra(16)(q22), in a Japanese population. (1985)

Two cases of Distamycin A-induced fragile site, fra (16) (q22), found in a Japanese population are first described. The incidence was 1.9%.
[Analysis of differentially expressed lung metastasis-associated proteins in adenoid cystic carcinoma cell lines]. (2004)

The proteins may be involved in the adenoid cystic carcinoma lung metastasis through different mechanisms. Our work may contribute to discover diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.
Chemokines and drug discovery. (2004)

Chemokines and Drug Discovery was a one-day meeting organized by the Society for Medicines Research, held at the Novartis Horsham Research Centre in Horsham, United Kingdom, on March 11, 2004. More than 100 scientists, mostly from industry, attended this meeting.
The Hemopoietic Colony-stimulating Factors (1995)

The colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) are the major regulators in the body of the production and activity of two types of white blood cells - granulocytes and macrophages. This book provides a detailed account of the discovery of the CSFs, their structure, molecular biology and cellular receptors, the biology of the CSFs in vivo and in vitro and their present and future clinical applications. Written by two of the pioneers in the discovery of CSFs, it is a clear and well-illustrated survey of the history, knowledge and future directions of this exciting field of investigation, and serves also as a guide to the more general areas of growth factor and cytokine research. It will prove an invaluable review for cell biologists interested in how growth factors act on the body, as well as for clinicians applying the fruits of modern biotechnology to improved patient care.