gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visualization task performance with 2D, 3D, and combination displays (2006)

We describe a series of experiments that compare 2D displays, 3D displays, and combined 2D/3D displays (orientation icon, ExoVis, and clip planes) for relative position estimation, orientation, and volume of interest tasks. Our results indicate that 3D displays can be very effective for approximate navigation and relative positioning when appropriate cues, such as shadows, are present. However, 3D displays are not effective for precise navigation and positioning except possibly in specific circumstances, for instance, when good viewing angles or measurement tools are available. For precise tasks in other situations, orientation icon and ExoVis displays were better than strict 2D or 3D displays (displays consisting exclusively of 2D or 3D views). The combined displays had as good or better performance, inspired higher confidence, and allowed natural, integrated navigation. Clip plane displays were not effective for 3D orientation because users could not easily view more than one 2D slice at a time and had to frequently change the visibility of individual slices. Major factors contributing to display preference and usability were task characteristics, orientation cues, occlusion, and spatial proximity of views that were used together.
Development of a Two-part Strategy to Identify a Therapeutic Human Bispecific Antibody That Inhibits IgE Receptor Signaling (2010)

The development of bispecific antibodies as therapeutic agents for human diseases has great clinical potential, but broad application has been hindered by the difficulty of identifying bispecific antibody formats that exhibit favorable pharmacokinetic properties and ease of large-scale manufacturing. Previously, the development of an antibody technology utilizing heavy chain knobs-into-holes mutations and a single common light chain enabled the small-scale generation of human full-length bispecific antibodies. Here we have extended the technology by developing a two-part bispecific antibody discovery strategy that facilitates proof-of-concept studies and clinical candidate antibody generation. Our scheme consists of the efficient small-scale generation of bispecific antibodies lacking a common light chain and the hinge disulfides for proof-of-concept studies coupled with the identification of a common light chain bispecific antibody for large-scale production with high purity and yield. We have applied this technology to generate a bispecific antibody suitable for development as a human therapeutic. This antibody directly inhibits the activation of the high affinity IgE receptor FcepsilonRI on mast cells and basophils by cross-linking FcepsilonRI with the inhibitory receptor FcgammaRIIb, an approach that has strong therapeutic potential for asthma and other allergic diseases. Our approach for producing human bispecific full-length antibodies enables the clinical application of bispecific antibodies to a validated therapeutic pathway in asthma.
Pulmonary surfactant proteins and lipids as modulators of inflammation and innate immunity (2006)

These findings reveal that both the lipids and proteins of pulmonary surfactant play a role in regulating the host response to invading microorganisms.
The Shape of Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is altered in Stroke Patients (2005)

The shape of the Power Spectral Density Function (PSD) of the Electrical Field Distribution exhibit abnormalities in the brain structure when comparing chronic stroke patients with healthy volunteers. We built a System that can deliver White Noise currents in the 0-25kHz band to any electrode pair. The System is also capable of measuring potentials with a high-dynamic range (24 Bits) from eight pairs of shielded electrodes placed on the subject's head and lying on an axial plane approximately 3 cm above inion. In the stroke patients, the asymmetry in the CSF distribution in the brain modifies the spatial components of the scalp potentials with respect to healthy volunteers.
Subband filters using allpass structures (1991)

A novel design technique for multichannel power complementary filters using a minimum number of allpass sections is investigated and new results are reported in this context. In particular, specific power complementary design procedures are given for the three-band case using two allpass sections and for the four-band case using two as well as three allpass sections. In both cases a free variable allows the extra freedom to shape the filters to have the desired bandpass characteristics. This idea is illustrated in the three-band case by generating a lowpass, a bandpass, and a highpass power complementary filter combination using two allpass sections. These digital power complementary structures are attractive for VLSI design, since the actual number of filters to be implemented is smaller than that in a conventional design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Enhanced flow cytometric method for counting very low numbers of white cells in platelet products (1996)

This method has good linearity and reproducibility from 10-5,000 WBC/mL for platelets. It is suited for research and development work, and may be a useful adjunct method for quality assurance in the blood center.
Repeat array in Epstein-Barr virus DNA is related to cell DNA sequences interspersed on human chromosomes. (1982)

The third internal repeat (IR3) simple repeat array in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA has a high degree of homology to a reiterated component of cell DNAs. 32P-Labeled human or mouse DNAs hybridize to the IR3 sequence on Southern blots of viral DNA. EBV IR3 probe identifies many restriction enzyme fragments on Southern blots of human and mouse DNAs that have extensive homology to IR3. Cytological hybridization shows that IR3 is homologous to at least one region on each human chromosome except the Y chromosome.
Identification of an antigenic epitope for helper T lymphocytes from carcinoembryonic antigen. (2002)

These results indicate that T helper lymphocytes are capable of recognizing CEA as a tumor antigen and that epitope CEA(653-667) could be used for immunotherapy against tumors expressing CEA.
A Performance Analysis on the Application of Commercial Standards for IP SATCOM Modems (2006)

The role of satellite communications (SATCOM) in support of the deployed warfighter has increased in recent years. With this increased reliance on SATCOM, the importance for a Department of Defense (DoD) wide strategy to efficiently procure and utilize the limited set of commercial DoD space assets has been emphasized. A step in the migration towards this strategy will be the development of a standard, multi-access, packet-based protocol that provides bandwidth on demand to the Joint warfighter. The digital video broadcast (DVB) standard chosen for this waveform leverages existing commercial modem technologies and offers a mature standard base which minimizes the development burden on the DoD. Of key interest for the tactical warfighter is the ability of the DVB family of standards to support certain functional capabilities: 1) to support robust communications while on-the-move (COTM), 2) to support a full mesh architecture, 3) to support a mix of non-real time, and real time traffic, and, 4) a capability to scale to large number of users and very efficiently share bandwidth. This paper provides a summary of a set of analyses that was performed to quantify the performance of the DVB standards to meet the four capabilities highlighted above. The analysis also inherently provides some insight on the challenges of applying commercial modem technologies to the battlefield
Protection against Recurrent Ocular Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Disease after Therapeutic Vaccination of Latently Infected Mice (2003)

The potential of therapeutic vaccination of animals latently infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) to enhance protective immunity to the virus and thereby reduce the incidence and severity of recurrent ocular disease was assessed in a mouse model. Mice latently infected with HSV-1 were vaccinated intranasally with a mixture of HSV-1 glycoproteins and recombinant Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (rEtxB) as an adjuvant. The systemic immune response induced was characterized by high levels of virus-specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) in serum and very low levels of IgG2a. Mucosal immunity was demonstrated by high levels of IgA in eye and vaginal secretions. Proliferating T cells from lymph nodes of vaccinated animals produced higher levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) than were produced by such cells from mock-vaccinated animals. This profile suggests that vaccination of latently infected mice modulates the Th1-dominated proinflammatory response usually induced upon infection. After reactivation of latent virus by UV irradiation, vaccinated mice showed reduced viral shedding in tears as well as a reduction in the incidence of recurrent herpetic corneal epithelial disease and stromal disease compared with mock-vaccinated mice. Moreover, vaccinated mice developing recurrent ocular disease showed less severe signs and a quicker recovery rate. Spread of virus to other areas close to the eye, such as the eyelid, was also significantly reduced. Encephalitis occurred in a small percentage (11%) of mock-vaccinated mice, but vaccinated animals were completely protected from such disease. The possible immune mechanisms involved in protection against recurrent ocular herpetic disease in therapeutically vaccinated animals are discussed.
MFU‐4 – A Metal‐Organic Framework for Highly Effective H2/D2 Separation (2012)

The metal-organic framework, MFU-4, possessing small cavities and apertures, is exploited for quantum sieving of hydrogen isotopes. Quantum mechanically, a molecule confined in a small cavity shows an increase in effective size depending on the particle mass, which leads to a faster deuterium adsorption from a H(2)/D(2) isotope mixture.
Curvy: An Interactive Design Tool for Varying Density Support Structures (2021)

We introduce Curvy-an interactive design tool to generate varying density support structures for 3D printing. Support structures are essential for printing models with extreme overhangs. Yet, they often cause defects on contact areas, resulting in poor surface quality. Low-level design of support structures may alleviate such negative effects. However, it is tedious and unintuitive for novice users as it is hard to predict the impact of changes to the support structure on the final printed part. Curvy allows users to define their high-level preferences on the surface quality directly on the target object rather than explicitly designing the supports. These preferences are then automatically translated into low-level design parameters to generate the support structure. Underlying novel curvy zigzag toolpathing algorithm uses these instructions to generate varying density supports by altering the spacing between individual paths in order to achieve prescribed quality. Combined with the build orientation optimization, Curvy provides a practical solution to the design of support structures with minimal perceptual or functional impact on the target part to be printed.
Synthesis of Possible Amoebacides, Part III (1978)

Department of Chemistry. University of Jammu. Jammu-180 001 Department of Chemistry. University of Kashmir. Srinagar-190 006 <em>Manuscript received </em> <em>7 May 1976</em>. <em>revised</em> <em>30 December 197</em>7. <em>accepted 1922 June 1978</em> Synthesis of Possible Amoebacides, Part III
(101)-Exposed Anatase TiO2 Nanosheets (2008)

A soft-chemical route based on an acido-basic approach is developed to grow high specific area anatase titania nanosheets with a preferential (101) exposed surface plane and excellent photocatalytic activity.
On Fuzzy Mapping and Control (1972)

A fuzzy mapping from X to Y is a fuzzy set on X × Y. The concept is extended to fuzzy mappings of fuzzy sets on X to Y, fuzzy function and its inverse, fuzzy parametric functions, fuzzy observation, and control. Set theoretical relations are obtained for fuzzy mappings, fuzzy functions, and fuzzy parametric functions. It is shown that under certain conditions a precise control goal can be attained with fuzzy observation and control as long as the observations become sufficiently precise when the goal is approached.
Effects of the 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Inhibitor Carbenoxolone on Insulin Sensitivity in Men with Type 2 Diabetes (2003)

11 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11 beta-HSD1) regenerates cortisol from inactive cortisone in liver and adipose tissue. Inhibition of 11 beta-HSD1 offers a novel potential therapy to lower intracellular cortisol concentrations and thereby enhance insulin sensitivity and hepatic lipid catabolism in type 2 diabetes, obesity, and hyperlipidemia. We evaluated this approach using the nonselective 11 beta-HSD inhibitor, carbenoxolone, in healthy men and lean male patients with type 2 diabetes. Six diet-controlled nonobese diabetic patients with hemoglobin A(1c) less than 8%, and six matched controls participated in a double-blind, cross-over comparison of carbenoxolone (100 mg every 8 h, orally, for 7 d) and placebo. They were admitted overnight for infusions of insulin (as required to maintain arterialized plasma glucose of 5.0 mM) and [13C6]glucose. Glucose kinetics were measured in the fasted state from 0700-0730 h, during a 3-h euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp (including somatostatin infusion and replacement of physiological GH and glucagon levels), and during a 2-h euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp with a 4-fold increase in glucagon levels. Data are the mean +/- SEM. Carbenoxolone had the expected effects of raising blood pressure and lowering plasma potassium. Carbenoxolone reduced total cholesterol in healthy subjects (5.25 +/- 0.34 vs. 4.78 +/- 0.40 mM; P < 0.01), but had no effect on other serum lipids or on cholesterol in diabetic patients. Carbenoxolone did not affect the rate of glucose disposal or the suppression of free fatty acids during hyperinsulinemia. However, carbenoxolone reduced the glucose production rate during hyperglucagonemia in diabetic patients (1.90 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.53 +/- 0.3 mg/kg x min; P < 0.05). This was attributable to reduced glycogenolysis (1.31 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.01 +/- 0.2 mg/kg x min; P < 0.005) rather than altered gluconeogenesis. These observations reinforce the potential metabolic benefits of inhibiting 11 beta-HSD1 in the liver of patients with type 2 diabetes. Further studies in obesity and hyperlipidemia are now warranted. However, clinically useful therapeutic effects will probably require selective 11 beta-HSD1 inhibitors that lower intraadipose cortisol levels and enhance peripheral glucose uptake.
The Reaction of 2,4,6-Trimethylstyrene Oxide with Phenol1 (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of 2,4,6-Trimethylstyrene Oxide with Phenol1Cyrus O. GussCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 13, 3177–3179Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01109a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01109a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views83Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Identification of naturally processed viral nonapeptides allows their quantification in infected cells and suggests an allele-specific T cell epitope forecast. (1991)

Virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) recognize virus-derived peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules on virus-infected cells. Such peptides have been isolated from infected cells and were compared to synthetic peptides. We found previously the Kd- or Db-restricted natural influenza nucleoprotein peptides to coelute on reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography columns with certain peptidic by-products present in synthetic peptide preparations. Here we show by extensive biochemical and immunological comparison that the natural peptides in all respects behave as the surmised synthetic nonapeptides, and thus, must be identical to them. The absolute amounts of these natural peptides contained in infected cells could be determined to be between 220 and 540 copies by comparing with defined amounts of pure synthetic nonapeptides. The comparison of the natural Kd-restricted peptide with published synthetic peptides known to contain other Kd-restricted CTL epitopes suggested a new MHC allele-specific T cell epitope forecast method, based on the defined length of nine amino acid residues and on critical amino acid residues at the second and the last position.
Organization of the Human Trichromatic Cone Mosaic (2005)

Using high-resolution adaptive-optics imaging combined with retinal densitometry, we characterized the arrangement of short- (S), middle- (M), and long- (L) wavelength-sensitive cones in eight human foveal mosaics. As suggested by previous studies, we found males with normal color vision that varied in the ratio of L to M cones (from 1.1:1 to 16.5:1). We also found a protan carrier with an even more extreme L:M ratio (0.37:1). All subjects had nearly identical S-cone densities, indicating independence of the developmental mechanism that governs the relative numerosity of L/M and S cones. L:M cone ratio estimates were correlated highly with those obtained in the same eyes using the flicker photometric electroretinogram (ERG), although the comparison indicates that the signal from each M cone makes a larger contribution to the ERG than each L cone. Although all subjects had highly disordered arrangements of L and M cones, three subjects showed evidence for departures from a strictly random rule for assigning the L and M cone photopigments. In two retinas, these departures corresponded to local clumping of cones of like type. In a third retina, the L:M cone ratio differed significantly at two retinal locations on opposite sides of the fovea. These results suggest that the assignment of L and M pigment, although highly irregular, is not a completely random process. Surprisingly, in the protan carrier, in which X-chromosome inactivation would favor L- or M-cone clumping, there was no evidence of clumping, perhaps as a result of cone migration during foveal development.
Electronic watchdogs (1985)

Enhanced by advances in microelectronics, the use of burglar-alarm systems for the home is on the rise in the United States. Home owners in suburbia and apartment dwellers in big cities are among the big users of burglar-alarm systems, and with electronic intelligence and control now offered at reasonable cost, other protective measures - like fire detection and “panic buttons” to summon medical help - have been added.
Predictive control estimating operator's intention for stepping-up motion by exo-skeleton type power assist system HAL (2002)

Generally, the operator's force signal is utilized in the case of the power assist. However, the operator must keep always providing the force in order to obtain the force signal. We have developed an exo-skeleton type power assist system, HAL (Hybrid Assistive Leg) for the walking aid. The purposes of this study are (1) to estimate the operator's action in the initial stage of the motion, (2) to propose the method for realizing the power assist corresponding to the operator's motion. We include the following mechanism into HAL system: (1) the mechanism which estimate the reference input of the bend angle of a joint by using myoelectricity, (2) the mechanism which autonomously generates the motion using phase sequence. For optional steps, experiments were performed to realize the stepping-up motion which reflects the intention of the operator. As the result, HAL started the autonomous motion immediately when the operator intended to start the motion, and stepping-up motion which reflected the intention of the operator was able to be achieved, even if the operator hardly generated the power.
Mathematical model of the human circadian system with two interacting oscillators (1982)

Human subjects during extended isolation from environmental time cues show complex variations in timing and duration of sleep with a progressive pattern, which eventually results in rest-activity and body temperature rhythms having different average periods. We present a model where temperature and rest-activity are each governed by an oscillator of the van der Pol type, denoted x and y, respectively. The oscillators affect one another through "velocity" type coupling, the effect of x on y being about four times greater than y on x. Periodic zeitgeber, z, is modeled as forcing only on y. We find that the entire pattern sequence can be realistically reproduced by causing only the intrinsic period of the y oscillator to increase while that of x remains stable. Desynchronization between x and y is the result of the intrinsic periods of the two oscillators becoming so disparate that the coupling is no longer able to enforce synchrony. Prior to desynchronization both human subjects and our model exhibit "phase trapping" wherein the relative phase of x and y is slowly modulated although the average x and y periods match. The model phase relations between temperature and both the timing and duration of sleep are, throughout, in good agreement with entrained and free-running human data. Most importantly, the model shows that the dramatic change in the length of the rest-activity cycle when desynchronization occurs is actually due to a relatively small variation in the governing variable, y.
Studying Attrition and Degree Completion Behavior among First-Generation College Students in the United States (2006)

This study investigated attrition and degree completion behavior of first-generation college students. Based on the findings, first-generation students were at the highest risk of departure during the second year, followed by the first year. These students were also 51% less likely to graduate within 4 years than students with college-educated parents were.
Diet, sunlight, and 25-hydroxy vitamin D in healthy children and adults. (1979)

In 110 white West Midlands children serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD) concentrations showed a pronounced seasonal variation, the values being highest in August and lowest in February. The concentrations correlated significantly both with recorded sunlight and with seasonal ultraviolet energy of the sunlight. Children who had had a seaside holiday the previous summer had a higher mean 25-OHD concentration than those who had not had a summer holiday away from home. Correlation between vitamin D intake and serum 25-OHD concentration was not significant.