gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MiR-21 promotes intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma proliferation and growth in vitro and in vivo by targeting PTPN14 and PTEN (2015)

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) constitutes the second-most common primary hepatic malignancy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the pathogenesis of ICC. However, the clinical significance of miR-21 levels in ICC remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of miR-21 in ICC and found that its expression was significantly upregulated in serum of ICC patients. Serum miR-21 levels robustly distinguished ICC patients from control subjects. Further experiments showed that inhibition of miR-21 suppressed ICC cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Specifically, inhibition of miR-21 induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Moreover, PTPN14 and PTEN were identified as direct and functional targets of miR-21. Finally, we showed high expression levels of miR-21 were closely related to adverse clinical features, diminished survival, and poor prognosis in ICC patients. This study revealed functional and mechanistic links between miR-21 and tumor suppressor genes, PTPN14 and PTEN, in the pathogenesis of ICC. MiR-21 not only plays important roles in the regulation of cell proliferation and tumor growth in ICC, but is also a diagnostic and prognostic marker, and a potential therapeutic target for ICC.
Interleukin-7 is a growth factor of precursor B and T acute lymphoblastic leukemia (1990)

We investigated the proliferation-inducing effects of human recombinant interleukin-7 (IL-7) on acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells. It is shown that IL-7 stimulates DNA synthesis in ALL cells of B-cell precursor (n = 5) as well as immature T-cell origin (n = 2). Cytogenetic analysis of the cells of four patients proliferating in IL7- supplemented cultures established the leukemic descendence of the IL-7- responsive cells. 125I-IL-7 binding experiments with the cells of one patient and with two ALL cell lines showed the presence of two types of IL-7 receptors: one with a high affinity (kd 29 to 51 pmol/L) and one with a low affinity (kd 2.3 to 76 nmol/L) for the ligand. We conclude that IL-7 is one of the cytokines involved in the complex regulation of ALL cell proliferation.
Synthesis and properties of some β-diketimines derived from acetylacetone, and their metal complexes (1968)

The synthesis of a number of diketimine ligands of structure 1 is reported. These give bis-bidentate chelates of type 2 with Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II). Optical spectra, magnetic moments and, in a number of instances, solution molecular weights are recorded for these complexes. On the basis of these, it is concluded that the complexes unsubstituted on nitrogen, adopt a square planar stereochemistry in contrast to the others which are all pseudotetrahedral.
Raman Spectroscopy Employed for the Determination of the Intermediate Phase in Polyethylene (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRaman Spectroscopy Employed for the Determination of the Intermediate Phase in PolyethyleneChristopher C. Naylor, Robert J. Meier, Bert J. Kip, Kenneth P. J. Williams, Simon M. Mason, Niamh Conroy, and Don L. GerrardCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 8, 2969–2978Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00112a050RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views920Altmetric-Citations101LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Regulation of Abscisic Acid-Induced Stomatal Closure and Anion Channels by Guard Cell AAPK Kinase (2000)

Abscisic acid (ABA) stimulates stomatal closure and thus supports water conservation by plants during drought. Mass spectrometry-generated peptide sequence information was used to clone a Vicia faba complementary DNA, AAPK, encoding a guard cell-specific ABA-activated serine-threonine protein kinase (AAPK). Expression in transformed guard cells of AAPK altered by one amino acid (lysine 43 to alanine 43) renders stomata insensitive to ABA-induced closure by eliminating ABA activation of plasma membrane anion channels. This information should allow cell-specific, targeted biotechnological manipulation of crop water status.
New human transforming genes detected by a tumorigenicity assay. (1984)

We have developed a sensitive bioassay for transforming genes based on the tumorigenicity of cotransfected NIH3T3 cells in nude mice. The assay differs substantially from the NIH3T3 focus assay. Using it, we have detected the transfer of three transforming genes from the DNA of MCF-7, a human mammary carcinoma cell line. One of these is N-ras, which is amplified in MCF-7 DNA. The other two, which we have called mcf2 and mcf3, do not appear to be related to known oncogenes. We cannot detect their transfer by using the NIH3T3 focus assay. We do not yet know whether either mcf2 or mcf3 is associated with genetic abnormalities in MCF-7 cells.
Nasal T/NK Cell Lymphoma Associated with Virus Infection in Two Cases of lethal Midline Granuloma (2000)

Nasal or nasal-type T/NK cell lymphoma often follows an aggressive course and has a poor prognosis. Radiation therapy may provide good local control of the disease in an early stage, while the disease is always resistant to chemotherapy. Failure to recognize this disease often leads to inappropriate management. We report two cases of nasal T/NK cell lymphoma with the unique feature of a crusted necrotic ulcer surrounded by erythematous infiltrative rim at midfacial region, clinically presented as so-called lethal midline granuloma. Histopathologically, the atypical lymphoid cells infiltrated diffusely and displayed angiocentricity. CD56 and latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) were identified by immunohistochemistry. The presence of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in the lesional skin was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction.
Proof of Stake Velocity: Building the Social Currency of the Digital Age (2014)

Proof of Stake Velocity (PoSV) is proposed as an alternative to Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS) to secure the peer-to-peer network and conrm transactions of Reddcoin, a cryptocurrency created specically to facilitate social interactions in the digital age. PoSV is designed to encourage both ownership (Stake) and activity (Velocity) which directly correspond to the two main functions of Reddcoin as a real currency: store of value and medium of exchange. Reddcoin can also function as the unit of account in heterogeneous social context. The technological aspects of PoSV are presented after a detailed review of existing designs. The economic aspects of Reddcoin are then analysed. Finally the unique position of Reddcoin as a digital social currency in the competitive landscape of cryptocurrencies is discussed.
Characteristics of periodically domain-inverted LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 waveguides for second harmonic generation (1991)

Characteristics of waveguides with periodically domain-inverted regions in LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 for quasi-phase-matched (QPM) second harmonic generation are investigated. The domain-inverted regions in LiNbO3 are formed by heat treatment using selective SiO2 mask and those in LiTaO3 are formed by heat treatment using selective proton exchange. The domain-inverted region in LiTaO3 is fabricated up to 2.7 μm depth, which is twice as deep as that in LiNbO3. The channel waveguides incorporating the regions are fabricated using proton exchange by pyrophosphoric acid. The propagation loss (0.9 dB/cm) of LiTaO3 waveguide is much lower than that of LiNbO3 waveguide (2.9 dB/cm). The second harmonic power generated in LiTaO3 waveguide by third-order QPM consequently has three time higher conversion efficiency, compared to that in LiNbO3 waveguide. In domain-inverted LiNbO3 waveguide, we have observed optical damage. On the other hand, in domain-inverted LiTaO3 waveguide, stable blue light (421 nm) has been obtained without optical damage.
The dictionary of financial risk management (1997)

This updated dictionary gives the recent financial vocabulary with regards to derivatives and financial risk. Risk management terminology comes from a number of different markets, including: cash; forwards/futures; swaps; options; and many disciplines such as - economics, tax and financial accounting; probability and statistics; and the law. Each entry is clearly defined and illustrated for clarity.
Robust and Highly-Efficient Differentiation of Functional Monocytic Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells under Serum- and Feeder Cell-Free Conditions (2013)

Monocytic lineage cells (monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells) play important roles in immune responses and are involved in various pathological conditions. The development of monocytic cells from human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is of particular interest because it provides an unlimited cell source for clinical application and basic research on disease pathology. Although the methods for monocytic cell differentiation from ESCs/iPSCs using embryonic body or feeder co-culture systems have already been established, these methods depend on the use of xenogeneic materials and, therefore, have a relatively poor-reproducibility. Here, we established a robust and highly-efficient method to differentiate functional monocytic cells from ESCs/iPSCs under serum- and feeder cell-free conditions. This method produced 1.3 × 10(6) ± 0.3 × 10(6) floating monocytes from approximately 30 clusters of ESCs/iPSCs 5-6 times per course of differentiation. Such monocytes could be differentiated into functional macrophages and dendritic cells. This method should be useful for regenerative medicine, disease-specific iPSC studies and drug discovery.
Respiratory syncytial virus assembly occurs in GM1-rich regions of the host-cell membrane and alters the cellular distribution of tyrosine phosphorylated caveolin-1 (2002)

We have previously shown that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) assembly occurs within regions of the host-cell surface membrane that are enriched in the protein caveolin-1 (cav-1). In this report, we have employed immunofluorescence microscopy to further examine the RSV assembly process. Our results show that RSV matures at regions of the cell surface that, in addition to cav-1, are enriched in the lipid-raft ganglioside GM1. Furthermore, a comparison of mock-infected and RSV-infected cells by confocal microscopy revealed a significant change in the cellular distribution of phosphocaveolin-1 (pcav-1). In mock-infected cells, pcav-1 was located at regions of the cell that interact with the extracellular matrix, termed focal adhesions (FA). In contrast, RSV-infected cells showed both a decrease in the levels of pcav-1 associated with FA and the appearance of pcav-1-containing cytoplasmic vesicles, the latter being absent in mock-infected cells. These cytoplasmic vesicles were clearly visible between 9 and 18 h post-infection and coincided with the formation of RSV filaments, although we did not observe a direct association of pcav-1 with mature virus. In addition, we noted a strong colocalization between pcav-1 and growth hormone receptor binding protein-7 (Grb7), within these cytoplasmic vesicles, which was not observed in mock-infected cells. Collectively, these findings show that the RSV assembly process occurs within specialized lipid-raft structures on the host-cell plasma membrane, induces the cellular redistribution of pcav-1 and results in the formation of cytoplasmic vesicles that contain both pcav-1 and Grb7.
Interleukin-4 Alters Epithelial Cell Differentiation and Surfactant Homeostasis in the Postnatal Mouse Lung (1997)

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a pleotrophic cytokine which is increased during lung injury and inflammation. Epithelial cell morphology and surfactant homeostasis were assessed in 4-52-wk-old transgenic mice in which IL-4 was expressed in the bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells under the control of the Clara cell secretory protein promoter (CCSP-IL-4 mice). IL-4 caused progressive pulmonary infiltration with macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils. Epithelial cell hypertrophy and mucus cell metaplasia were observed in the lungs of CCSP-IL-4 mice at all ages. Airway epithelial cells contained increased neutral glycoproteins and expressed gastric mucin, normally absent in the bronchiolar epithelium of the mouse. Immunohistochemical and biochemical studies demonstrated increased surfactant proteins A and B in lung sections and lung homogenates of CCSP-IL-4 transgenic mice. Increased immunostaining for surfactant proprotein C was also detected in type II epithelial cells of the transgenic mice. In contrast, surfactant protein B and CCSP expression was decreased or was absent in hypertrophic epithelial cells lining the conducting airways of transgenic mice. Lung-specific increase in T-cell proliferative responses to mitogenic stimulation and antibody secretion were detected in CCSP-IL-4 mice. Differentiated characteristics of respiratory epithelial cells were dramatically influenced by the chronic production of IL-4 in the conducting airways. Alterations in lung morphology in the CCSP-IL-4 mice are similar to some of those induced by antigenic stimulation or associated with chronic airway inflammation.
Designing, Testing, and Validating a Focused Stem Cell Microarray for Characterization of Neural Stem Cells and Progenitor Cells (2003)

Fetal neural stem cells (NSCs) have received great attention not only for their roles in normal development but also for their potential use in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. To develop a robust method of assessing the state of stem cells, we have designed, tested, and validated a rodent NSC array. This array consists of 260 genes that include cell type-specific markers for embryonic stem (ES) cells and neural progenitor cells as well as growth factors, cell cycle-related genes, and extracellular matrix molecules known to regulate NSC biology. The 500-bp polymerase chain reaction products amplified and validated by using gene-specific primers were arrayed along with positive controls. Blanks were included for quality control, and some genes were arrayed in duplicate. No cross-hybridization was detected. The quality of the arrays and their sensitivity were also examined by using probes prepared by conventional reverse transcriptase or by using amplified probes prepared by linear polymerase replication (LPR). Both methods showed good reproducibility, and probes prepared by LPR labeling appeared to detect expression of a larger proportion of expressed genes. Expression detected by either method could be verified by RT-PCR with high reproducibility. Using these stem cell chips, we have profiled liver, ES, and neural cells. The cell types could be readily distinguished from each other. Nine markers specific to mouse ES cells and 17 markers found in neural cells were verified as robust markers of the stem cell state. Thus, this focused neural stem array provides a convenient and useful tool for detection and assessment of NSCs and progenitor cells and can reliably distinguish them from other cell populations.
Efflux Pumps of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Play a Significant Role in Antituberculosis Activity of Potential Drug Candidates (2012)

Active efflux of drugs mediated by efflux pumps that confer drug resistance is one of the mechanisms developed by bacteria to counter the adverse effects of antibiotics and chemicals. To understand these efflux mechanisms in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we generated knockout (KO) mutants of four efflux pumps of the pathogen belonging to different classes. We measured the MICs and kill values of two different compound classes on the wild type (WT) and the efflux pump (EP) KO mutants in the presence and absence of the efflux inhibitors verapamil and l-phenylalanyl-l-arginyl-β-naphthylamide (PAβN). Among the pumps studied, the efflux pumps belonging to the ABC (ATP-binding cassette) class, encoded by Rv1218c, and the SMR (small multidrug resistance) class, encoded by Rv3065, appear to play important roles in mediating the efflux of different chemical classes and antibiotics. Efflux pumps encoded by Rv0849 and Rv1258c also mediate the efflux of these compounds, but to a lesser extent. Increased killing is observed in WT M. tuberculosis cells by these compounds in the presence of either verapamil or PAβN. The efflux pump KO mutants were more susceptible to these compounds in the presence of efflux inhibitors. We have shown that these four efflux pumps of M. tuberculosis play a vital role in mediating efflux of different chemical scaffolds. Inhibitors of one or several of these efflux pumps could have a significant impact in the treatment of tuberculosis. The identification and characterization of Rv0849, a new efflux pump belonging to the MFS (major facilitator superfamily) class, are reported.
Some thermoluminescence properties of an α-Al2O3 sample. Sensitization effects (1988)

The thermoluminescence (TL) properties of an α-Al2O3 sample are studied from 77 to 1000 K after X-irradiation and UV-excitation. Nine trapping centres and three emission centres, namely F, F+, and Cr3+, are detected. The UV-253.7 nm TL response is sensitized by previous X-irradiations followed by various thermal annealings. All TL properties of the virgin crystal are found again by heating up to 910 K, i.e. after the annealing of the TL peak at 910 K. Charge transfers, by UV-excitation (PITL) or in darkness (“dark transfer”), are involved in α-Al2O3. Les propriétés de thermoluminescence (TL) d'une alumine α sont étudiées de 77 à 1000 K après irradiation X et excitation UV. Neuf centres de piégeage sont mis en évidence ainsi que trois centres d'émission: F, F+ et Cr3+. La réponse aux UV-253,7 nm est sensibilisée par des irradiations préalables suivies par divers recuits thermiques. Toutes les propriétes du cristal vierge sont retrouvées après recuit de l'échantillon au delà de 910 K, c'est-à-dire après vidage du pic de TL à 910 K. Des processus de transfert de charges, soit par excitation UV (PITL), soit à l'obscurité (“dark transfer”) sont impliqués.
Interleukin-6 activity in wounds (1994)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine with local and systemic effects during immunological and inflammatory reactions. The IL-6 activity in wound fluids and serum from wounded animals, its release by wound cells in culture, and its role in the regulation of wound fibroblast proliferation were determined. IL-6 activity in wound fluid and serum peaked within 12 h after wounding. Wound-derived polymorphonuclear leukocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts released IL-6 in culture. Wound macrophages harvested 5 days after injury produced more IL-6 than those taken at 3 or 10 days. An anti-IL-6 antibody partially reversed the suppression of wound fibroblast proliferation by wound fluid and wound macrophage culture supernatants. Finally, human wound fluids exhibited a temporal pattern of IL-6 activity similar to that found in rat wounds. The early wound, then, and more specifically the polymorphonuclear leukocytes of the immediate inflammatory response appear to be the source of circulating IL-6 after injury. In the later wound, IL-6 may provide signals to suppress fibroblast proliferation.
Tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase enhance the binding of plasminogen to thrombospondin. (1986)

Thrombospondin (TSP) is a multifunctional platelet alpha-granule and extracellular matrix glycoprotein that binds specifically to plasminogen (Plg) via that protein's lysine-binding site and modulates activation by tissue activator (TPA). In this study we report that the plasminogen activators, TPA and urokinase, greatly influence the binding of Plg to TSP. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a TSP-Sepharose affinity bead-binding assay we have found that Plg-TSP complex formation was markedly enhanced (up to 5-fold) when catalytic concentrations of Plg activators were included in the reaction mixtures. The enhancement was dependent upon the generation of small amounts of active plasmin and was duplicated by pretreatment of the immobilized TSP with plasmin prior to addition of the Plg. The enhancement effect was associated with selective proteolysis of the immobilized TSP. Purified Lys-Plg (the plasmin modified form of native Glu-Plg) bound to TSP to a greater extent than Glu-Plg, and binding of both forms was augmented by Plg activators. The apparent KD values of complex formation were unchanged in the presence of Plg activators suggesting that the enhancement effect was due to the generation of additional binding sites. The increased amount of bound Plg was demonstrated to result in a similar increase in the amount of plasmin generated from the complexes by TPA. Plg activators did not influence binding of Plg to histidine-rich glycoprotein or of histidine-rich glycoprotein to TSP, demonstrating specificity. In addition when TSP was treated with other proteases (human thrombin or human leukocyte elastase) no augmentation of Plg binding was seen. Thus, the initial production of small amounts of plasmin from Plg immobilized on TSP in fibrin-free microenvironments could generate a positive feedback loop by enzymatically modifying both TSP and Plg, resulting in an increase in TSP-Plg complex formation leading to the localized production of substantially more plasmin.
Link protein as an enhancer of cumulus cell–oocyte complex expansion (2002)

To investigate the specific components involved in regulating cumulus cell-oocyte complex (COC) expansion in an in vitro mouse experiment, freshly-isolated COC were cultured in the presence of various combinations of FSH (1.0 microg/ml), proteins of the inter-alpha-inhibitor (I alpha I) family (a light chain, also known as bikunin, heavy chains [HC1 + HC2] and I alpha I [0.01-2.0 microg/ml]) and link protein (LP) (0.016-10 microg/ml) for 24 h and were observed for expansion of their cumulus cells (percent of COC with + 3 and + 4 expansion and average projected area). The COC were videotaped in real time at the initiation of culture and after 24 h of culture. FSH alone did not stimulate cumulus expansion under serum-free conditions; however, treatment with I alpha I (0.1-2.0 microg/ml) or heavy chains (10 microg/ml), but not bikunin (10 micro g/ml), in the presence of FSH significantly increased COC expansion, with maximal promotion occurring at 1.0 microg/ ml of I alpha I. Addition of LP (2.0 micro g/ml) to the medium containing I alpha I (1.0 microg/ml) and FSH resulted in significantly higher expansion levels than were observed in response to I alpha I alone, although LP alone (10 microg/ml) had no or very little effect by itself. Anti-I alpha I or anti-LP polyclonal antibody, which inhibits binding of I alpha I and LP, respectively, to hyaluronic acid (HA), markedly reduced expansion of the surrounding cumulus cell extracellular matrices. Therefore, in vitro, LP might serve, in part, to enhance the COC expansion possibly by stabilizing HA-I alpha I (or heavy chains) complex on the surrounding cumulus cell matrices.