gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alterations in the Expression of Chemokine Mrna Levels in Fibrosis-Resistant and -Sensitive Mice After Thoracic Irradiation (1998)

Fibrosis, characterized by the accumulation of collagen, is a consequence of a chronic inflammatory response. The purpose of this study was to determine if the mRNA expression of the chemokines, lymphotactin (Ltn), RANTES, eotaxin, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 alpha, -1 beta, and -2, interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), are altered during the development of radiation-induced pneumonitis and fibrosis. Further, we wished to determine if these changes differ between two strains of mice that vary in their sensitivity to radiation fibrosis. Fibrosis-sensitive (C57BL/6) and fibrosis-resistant (C3H/HeJ) mice were irradiated with a single dose of 12.5 Gy to the thorax. Total lung RNA was prepared and hybridized utilizing RNase protection assays. Data were quantified by phosphorimaging and results normalized to a constituitively expressed mRNA L32. 8 weeks post-irradiation most chemokines measured were elevated to varying degrees. The degree of elevation of each chemokine was identical in both strains. This suggested that chemotactic activity for neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes were occurring during pneumonitis. By 26 weeks post-irradiation, messages encoding Ltn, RANTES, IP-10, and MCP-1 were elevated only in fibrosis sensitive (C57BL/6) mice. In situ hybridization demonstrated that MCP-1 and RANTES transcripts were produced predominantly from macrophages and lymphocytes. These studies suggest that lymphocytic recruitment and activation are key components of radiation-induced fibrosis.
Electrochemical applications of the bending beam method. 1. Mass transport and volume changes in polypyrrole during redox (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical applications of the bending beam method. 1. Mass transport and volume changes in polypyrrole during redoxQibing Pei and Olle InganaesCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 25, 10507–10514Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100204a071https://doi.org/10.1021/j100204a071research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1238Altmetric-Citations346LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
EFFECT OF pH AND TEMPERATURE ON CONFORMATIONAL CHANGES OF A HUMANIZED MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY (2002)

Maintenance of the structural integrity of a therapeutic protein is essential for its efficacy in relation to physiological and pharmacological activity. Therefore, a major challenge confronting the pharmaceutical scientist working with protein formulation is the instability of the protein during processing, handling, storage, and use. Hence well-defined preformulation studies for proteins need to be performed to understand the stability issues relevant to their production, formulation, and use. Vast numbers of drugs available in the market are rnicromolecular dugs, which have molecular weight less than 1000 D. There is a good reason to believe that polypeptides and proteins offer different challenges from conventional molecules. Protein drugs are probably the wave of the future. Fluorescence spectroscopy has found wide use in studying denaturation of proteins by monitoring its folding-unfolding pattern. Protein conformational changes are usually accompanied by changes in the fluorescence ermss1on spectrum. Fluorescence spectroscopy is not a normal component of preformulation scan of new substances. However, it may have the potential for that purpose, particularly for polypeptides and proteins. The conformational changes of a humanized monoclonal antibody have been characterized by intrinsic and extrinsic fluorescence measurements m aqueous solutions of pH 3 to 8 in the temperature range of 5 °C to 70 °C. 1- anilinonapthalene 8-sulfonate (ANS) was employed as a polarity-sensitive extrinsic probe. ANS is a compound that fluoresces strongly in hydrophobic non- aqueous environments, but is almost non-fluorescent in water. Because of these characteristics, it has proved to be a very useful probe of accessible protein interior. Changes in the fluorescence spectrum of the protein are observed with increasing temperature. The intensity of the trytophan peak decreased linearly with temperature. Additionally, the tryptophan emission peak displayed a red shift from 335 nm to about 345 nm over the temperature range studied. The onsets of temperature of transition for the protein were estimated at each pH. The protein at pH 6, 7 and 8 was characterized by an onset of transition of about 60 °C, which was higher than at pH 3 to 5. Since higher onset of transition temperature reflects greater thermal stability, the preformulation studies suggest the protein is likely to be most thermally stable in an aqueous solution formulated at pH 6, 7, and 8.
Multielectrode distributed feedback laser for pure frequency modulation and chirping suppressed amplitude modulation (1987)

A new concept for operation of distributed feedback lasers with multielectrodes is proposed and its capability for amplitude or frequency modulation is demonstrated. The device has electrically separated electrodes so that carrier density distribution along the laser cavity can be controlled artificially by adjusting the current distribution for each electrode. The lasing frequency can be controlled by changing the current ratio applied to the electrodes. Frequency modulation experiments disclose that neither frequency modulation efficiency nor phase delay depend on modulation frequency. It turned out that the frequency shift under modulation showed blue shift or red shift depending on bias current distribution and the position of the modulation applied electrode. Using these characteristics, chirping suppressed amplitude modulation and frequency modulation with constant output power are realized.
Combinatorial DNA Assembly Using Golden Gate Cloning (2013)

A basic requirement for synthetic biology is the availability of efficient DNA assembly methods. We have previously reported the development of Golden Gate cloning, a method that allows parallel assembly of multiple DNA fragments in a one-tube reaction. Golden Gate cloning can be used for different levels of construct assembly: from gene fragments to complete gene coding sequences, from basic genetic elements to full transcription units, and finally from transcription units to multigene constructs. We provide here a protocol for DNA assembly using Golden Gate cloning, taking as an example the level of assembly of gene fragments to complete coding sequences, a level of cloning that can be used to perform DNA shuffling. Such protocol requires the following steps: (1) selecting fusion sites within parental sequences (sites at which parental sequences will be recombined), (2) amplifying all DNA fragments by PCR to add flanking restriction sites, (3) cloning the amplified fragments in intermediate constructs, and (4) assembling all or selected sets of intermediate constructs in a compatible recipient vector using a one-pot restriction-ligation.
Lomofungin as an inhibitor of nucleic acid synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1974)

1. The antibiotic lomofungin was found to be a potent inhibitor of both DNA and RNA synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Under selected growth conditions inhibition of DNA synthesis by the drug preceded inhibition of RNA synthesis. 2. Although in general lomofungin inhibited synthesis of ribosomal RNA and polydisperse RNA more effectively than that of low-molecular-weight RNA, under certain conditions the drug inhibited almost completely synthesis of both 4S and 5S RNA. 3. Inhibition of both RNA and DNA synthesis may be explained if RNA synthesis is required for DNA synthesis in yeast. Alternatively, lomofungin, in addition to interacting with DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, might interfere with a component(s) of the DNA-synthetic apparatus. The drug may thus prove to be of considerable value in studies of DNA synthesis in eukaryotes.
Low-cost alternate EVM test for wireless receiver systems (2005)

In digital radio applications, error-vector-magnitude (EVM) is the primary specification which quantifies the performance of digital modulation implemented in silicon. Production testing of EVM incurs high cost of test instrumentation in automated test equipment (ATE). For EVM testing of wireless receivers, the ATE must include an RF transmitter having (1) the required digital modulation capability, (2) transmitter parameter configurability via test automation software and (3) higher performance and accuracy compared to the receiver-under-test. In this paper, an alternate test methodology for the EVM specification is proposed that eliminates the need for high cost RF sources with digital modulation capability. A sequence of multi-tones generated using low-cost RF sources is used as test stimuli. The EVM specification is computed (predicted) by analyzing the degradation of the test signal by the receiver modules (e.g. LNAs, mixers, filters) by means of the observed waveforms in the baseband. Simulation results are presented.
Radio frequency-based personnel location systems (2002)

This paper presents the technologies available to locate the origin of radio frequency transmissions for Personnel Location Systems. The development and application of these systems will be discussed. A new class of signal strength location systems will be introduced that sets the standard for locating accuracy in indoor and campus environments. Many technologies have been applied to locating radio signals. Early radio frequency location systems used mechanically-rotated directional antennas or pseudo-Doppler array techniques. They were developed for outdoor use over relatively long ranges. The reliability and accuracy fall short of today's personnel location requirements that demand both indoor and outdoor coverage of large building campuses. Ubiquitous Global Positioning System (G.P.S.) service delivers reliable radio frequency location in outdoor areas. Differential G.P.S. provides sufficient accuracy for most outdoor personnel tracking applications. Recent cost reductions in OEM-grade G.P.S. receiver printed circuit assemblies have made G.P.S. solutions economically feasible for outdoor personnel location. Bi-directional LEOs-based satellite location systems are under development that also can be applied to personnel location. Various users have attempted to locate transmitters using relative time of arrival (TOA) algorithms, with mixed results. Ultrawideband (UWB) technology, offers the potential for accurate RF location indoors and out but FCC concerns with potential interference to GPS services are preventing approval. The most accurate radio frequency location systems operational within the security industry today employ relative signal strength to calculate position. Recent advances in signal strength modeling software and search algorithms have extended the accuracy of signal strength locating systems. These advances have been incorporated into the FLARE/sup TM/ system developed by Dominion Wireless. Originally designed to meet specifications developed by Correctional Service Canada, the FLARE signal strength locating system has now been adopted by other corrections authorities in the United States and Canada. The theory of operation of FLARE will be presented. Current implementations will be discussed and the capabilities and limitations of actual deployed systems will be reviewed. Finally, the future plans for the refinement and advancement of FLARE will be presented and projections of enhanced performance will be supplied.
Bupivacaine and Ventricular Fibrillation (2004)

To the Editor: Weinberg et al. (1) have provided valuable information about the ability of bupivacaine to attenuate tissue acidosis and changes in PmO2 and PmCO2 in the myocardial tissue of dogs during ventricular fibrillation. I question their assumption that the explanation of these results was that bupivacaine inhibits cellular metabolism. As the authors noted, one of the known effects of bupivacaine is to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation, which would increase cellular metabolism, and would conflict with the observed results. I would suggest an alternative explanation: bupivacaine may preserve capillary bed perfusion in the presence of ventricular fibrillation. Like all amide local anesthetics, Marcaine exhibits both systemic anesthetic and anticoagulant properties (2). Lidocaine increases capillary blood flow when applied to capillary beds (3), and both lidocaine and bupivacaine attenuate bronchoconstriction (4), which may be due to improved capillary blood flow. Research literature is replete with reports of fibrin “cuffs” and deposits in capillaries of various models of stress and trauma (5). This may offer a simpler explanation than the hypothesis of decreased metabolism. Lewis S. Coleman, MD Bakersfield, CA [email protected]
Expression levels of multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (MRP4) in human leukemia and lymphoma cell lines, and the inhibitory effects of the MRP-specific inhibitor MK-571 on methotrexate distribution in rats (2012)

In the development of anti-blood cancer drugs, the chronic myelocytic leukemia (KU812), acute myelocytic leukemia (KG-1) and lymphoma (U937) cell lines are commonly used in preclinical pharmacology studies as human cancer xenograft models in mice. In the present study, mRNA expression levels of typical human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in these human blood cancer cell lines were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Based on the results, the expression level of multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (MRP4) was found to be extremely high in KU812 cells compared with those of other transporters. Additionally, MRP4 expression levels were found to be relatively high in U937, KG-1 and a blood cell line derived from a healthy subject (RPMI 1788). In addition, to elucidate the contribution of MRP4 to the methotrexate (MTX) distribution in normal blood cells and tissues, [(3)H]MTX was intravenously (i.v.) administered to two groups of rats. Animals in one group received [(3)H]MTX only; the other group was concomitantly administered i.v. MK-571, a typical inhibitor of MRP transporters. No marked difference was observed between the two groups; the Kp values (tissue concentration/plasma concentration) of the concomitant group showed slightly higher values compared with those of the MTX alone group in erythrocytes (1.4 times, P<0.001), spleen (1.3 times, P<0.05) and thymus (1.2 times, P<0.05), respectively. Although in the present study we could not evaluate the direct involvement of MRP4 in blood cancer cells in which MRP4 expression was excessively high, these results suggest a possible functional role of MRP4 in blood cancer cells and albeit only slightly in normal blood cells/tissues.
Effects of Bacterial Microflora of the Lower Digestive Tract of Free-Range Waterfowl on Influenza Virus Activation (2011)

Proteolytic cleavage activation of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA0) is required for cell entry via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Despite numerous studies describing bacterial protease-mediated influenza A viral activation in mammals, very little is known about the role of intestinal bacterial flora of birds in hemagglutinin cleavage/activation. Therefore, the cloaca of wild waterfowl was examined for (i) representative bacterial types and (ii) their ability to cleave in a "trypsin-like" manner the precursor viral hemagglutinin molecule (HA0). Using radiolabeled HA0, bacterial secretion-mediated trypsin-like conversion of HA0 to HA1 and HA2 peptide products was observed to various degrees in 42 of 44 bacterial isolates suggestive of influenza virus activation in the cloaca of wild waterfowl. However, treatment of uncleaved virus with all bacterial isolates gave rise to substantially reduced emergent virus progeny compared with what was expected. Examination of two isolates exhibiting pronounced trypsin-like conversion of HA0 to HA1 and HA2 peptide products and low infectivity revealed lipase activity to be present. Because influenza virus possesses a complex lipid envelope, the presence of lipid hydrolase activity could in part account for the observed less-than-expected level of viable progeny. A thorough characterization of respective isolate protease HA0 hydrolysis products as well as other resident activities (i.e., lipase) is ongoing such that the role of these respective contributors in virus activation/inactivation can be firmly established.
Hydroxymethyl-Glutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibition Limits Cytomegalovirus Infection in Human Endothelial Cells (2004)

HMG-CoA inhibition by fluvastatin restrains CMV replication in HUVECs by inhibiting viral antigen expression, DNA synthesis, and viral particle production, conceivably by involving a reduction of nuclear factor-kappaB binding activity.
DNA alterations in cells from hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer patients. (1994)

To determine if the MCC, DCC or p53 gene is associated with susceptibility to hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), these genes in normal cells from 12 HNPCC patients were analysed by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis. No changes which may alter the amino acid sequences of these genes were detected, suggesting that these genes are not associated with the susceptibility to HNPCC. Only one of nine HNPCC cancers showed mutations in the MCC and p53 genes on the same analysis. Loss of heterozygosity in chromosomes 5q, 17p, 18q and 22 was detected in four of the nine cancers, all of them being positive as to metastasis to lymph nodes. Abnormalities of the (CA)n repeat were found in six cancers, including all four without metastasis. These data indicate that tumor suppressor genes in chromosomes 5q, 17p, 18q and 22 are associated with the late stage of colorectal tumorigenesis in HNPCC, whereas the (CA)n repeat abnormalities are an early event of tumorigenesis and more essential to HNPCC.
Single-Molecule Study of Transcriptional Pausing and Arrest by E. coli RNA Polymerase (2000)

Using an optical-trap/flow-control video microscopy technique, we followed transcription by single molecules of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase in real time over long template distances. These studies reveal that RNA polymerase molecules possess different intrinsic transcription rates and different propensities to pause and stop. The data also show that reversible pausing is a kinetic intermediate between normal elongation and the arrested state. The conformational metastability of RNA polymerase revealed by this single-molecule study of transcription has direct implications for the mechanisms of gene regulation in both bacteria and eukaryotes.
Neural conversion of ES cells by an inductive activity on human amniotic membrane matrix (2006)

Here we report a human-derived material with potent inductive activity that selectively converts ES cells into neural tissues. Both mouse and human ES cells efficiently differentiate into neural precursors when cultured on the matrix components of the human amniotic membrane in serum-free medium [amniotic membrane matrix-based ES cell differentiation (AMED)]. AMED-induced neural tissues have regional characteristics (brainstem) similar to those induced by coculture with mouse PA6 stromal cells [a common method called stromal cell-derived inducing activity (SDIA) culture]. Like the SDIA culture, the AMED system is applicable to the in vitro generation of various CNS tissues, including dopaminergic neurons, motor neurons, and retinal pigment epithelium. In contrast to the SDIA method, which uses animal cells, the AMED culture uses a noncellular inductive material derived from an easily available human tissue; therefore, AMED should provide a more suitable and versatile system for generating a variety of neural tissues for clinical applications.
In vitro concatemerization of bacteriophage T7 DNA: Role of DNA synthesis and gene 6 exonuclease (1985)

The replication of bacteriophage T7 DNA in vivo proceeds via the synthesis of complex concatemeric intermediates which are joined via the 160 base pair terminal redundancies at either end of the phage chromosome. To gain some insight into the mode of generation of these structures, we have examined the role of DNA synthesis in the formation of concatemeric bacteriophage T7 DNA in vitro. Incubation of mature T7 DNA with T7-infected cell extracts and a deoxynucleoside [32P]triphosphate resulted in the incorporation of significant radioactivity into the DNA. Highest levels of incorporation were at the termini of the DNA and decreased toward the middle of the molecule. Incorporation was dependent upon the presence of the activity of the gene 6 exonuclease and correlated with the generation of concatemeric DNA. A model explaining the role of exonucleolytic degradation and DNA synthesis in the generation of concatemeric DNA is presented.