gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Company Law Statutes 2011-2012 (2012)

‘Focused content, layout and price - Routledge competes and wins in relation to all of these factors’ - Craig Lind, University of Sussex, UK ‘The best value and best format books on the market.’ - Ed Bates, Southampton University, UK Routledge Student Statutes present all the legislation students need in one easy-to-use volume. Developed in response to feedback from lecturers and students, this book offer a fully up-to-date, comprehensive, and clearly presented collection of legislation - ideal for LLB and GDL course and exam use. Routledge Student Statutes are: Exam Friendly: un-annotated and conforming to exam regulations Tailored to fit your course: 80% of lecturers we surveyed agree that Routledge Student Statutes match their course and cover the relevant legislation Trustworthy: Routledge Student Statutes are compiled by subject experts, updated annually and have been developed to meet student needs through extensive market research Easy to use: a clear text design, comprehensive table of contents, multiple indexes and highlighted amendments to the law make these books the more student-friendly Statutes on the market Competitively Priced: Routledge Student Statutes offer content and usability rated as good or better than our major competitor, but at a more competitive price Supported by a Companion Website: presenting scenario questions for interpreting Statutes, annotated web links, and multiple-choice questions, these resources are designed to help students to be confident and prepared.
Identification of a previously undescribed divergent virus from the Flaviviridae family in an outbreak of equine serum hepatitis (2013)

Theiler's disease is an acute hepatitis in horses that is associated with the administration of equine blood products; its etiologic agent has remained unknown for nearly a century. Here, we used massively parallel sequencing to explore samples from a recent Theiler's disease outbreak. Metatranscriptomic analysis of the short sequence reads identified a 10.5-kb sequence from a previously undescribed virus of the Flaviviridae family, which we designate "Theiler's disease-associated virus" (TDAV). Phylogenetic analysis clusters TDAV with GB viruses of the recently proposed Pegivirus genus, although it shares only 35.3% amino acid identity with its closest relative, GB virus D. An epidemiological survey of additional horses from three separate locations supports an association between TDAV infection and acute serum hepatitis. Experimental inoculation of horses with TDAV-positive plasma provides evidence that several weeks of viremia preceded liver injury and that liver disease may not be directly related to the level of viremia. Like hepatitis C virus, the best characterized Flaviviridae species known to cause hepatitis, we find TDAV is capable of efficient parenteral transmission, engendering acute and chronic infections associated with a diversity of clinical presentations ranging from subclinical infection to clinical hepatitis.
High-Resolution Representations for Labeling Pixels and Regions (2019)

High-resolution representation learning plays an essential role in many vision problems, e.g., pose estimation and semantic segmentation. The high-resolution network (HRNet)~\cite{SunXLW19}, recently developed for human pose estimation, maintains high-resolution representations through the whole process by connecting high-to-low resolution convolutions in \emph{parallel} and produces strong high-resolution representations by repeatedly conducting fusions across parallel convolutions. In this paper, we conduct a further study on high-resolution representations by introducing a simple yet effective modification and apply it to a wide range of vision tasks. We augment the high-resolution representation by aggregating the (upsampled) representations from all the parallel convolutions rather than only the representation from the high-resolution convolution as done in~\cite{SunXLW19}. This simple modification leads to stronger representations, evidenced by superior results. We show top results in semantic segmentation on Cityscapes, LIP, and PASCAL Context, and facial landmark detection on AFLW, COFW, $300$W, and WFLW. In addition, we build a multi-level representation from the high-resolution representation and apply it to the Faster R-CNN object detection framework and the extended frameworks. The proposed approach achieves superior results to existing single-model networks on COCO object detection. The code and models have been publicly available at \url{https://github.com/HRNet}.
Chirospecific synthesis of (+)-pilocarpine (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChirospecific synthesis of (+)-pilocarpineReinaldo S. Compagnone and Henry RapoportCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 10, 1713–1719Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00360a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00360a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1854Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Amplification and expression of human alpha-globin genes in Chinese hamster ovary cells. (1984)

We studied the effects of gene amplification on human globin gene expression in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The normal human alpha-globin gene (N alpha 2) and a hybrid gene (M alpha G) containing the 5' promoter-regulator region of the mouse metallothionein gene and the human structural alpha 2-globin gene were linked to a modular SV2-cDNA dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene. The recombinant DNA molecules were introduced into Chinese hamster ovary cells by calcium phosphate precipitation. After initial selection to retain the DHFR and linked sequences, the cells were cultured in increasing concentrations of methotrexate up to 0.2 mM. Southern blot analysis of total cellular DNA showed an approximately 500- to 1,000-fold increase in the number of copies of DHFR and human alpha-globin genes. The transcription of the alpha-globin and DHFR genes increased as their copy number within the cells increased. The transcription of the amplified hybrid M alpha G gene was also inducible with cadmium treatments. Both mature mRNA and "read-through" transcripts were observed. DHFR constituted approximately 10% of pulse-labeled cellular proteins in these cells, but no human alpha-globin was detected. In vitro translation of polyadenylated RNA from these cells showed that alpha-globin mRNA transcribed from the amplified alpha-globin genes was functional and directed alpha-globin chain synthesis. In situ hybridization of 3H-labeled alpha-globin and DHFR DNA probes in chromosome preparations from the two cell lines indicated that both genes were coamplified in the same chromosomal locations in each cell type. These results indicate that gene amplification enhances human globin gene expression in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells.
Single portal pressure measurement predicts survival in cirrhotic patients with recent bleeding (1999)

Indirectly measured portal pressure is an independent predictor of survival in patients with both alcoholic and non-alcoholic cirrhosis. In patients with a previous variceal bleeding episode this predictive value seems to be better if the measurement is taken within the first two weeks from the bleeding episode. A greater use of this technique is recommended for the prognostic assessment and management of patients with chronic liver disease.
Viability of Lolium endophyte fungus in seed stored at different moisture contents and temperatures (1986)

Abstract The effect of storage on viability of the Lolium endophyte fungus ( Acremonium loliae Latch, Christensen and Samuels) in seed of perennial ryegrass was studied. Treatments included four initial seed moistures (13.8, 12.1, 10.0, and 8.6%); different storage bags (calico, polyethylene film (9, 35, or 70 μm thickness), and laminated aluminium foil‐polyethylene); and four storage conditions (ambient 5–25°C, 5°C/70% RH; 0°C/30% RH; ‐15°C/90% RH). After 12 months of ambient temperature storage, seeds with final moisture contents &gt; 11.3% had a rapid linear decline in endophyte viability from an initial 84% to &lt; 15% at 13.0% seed moisture. Samples in 70 μm thick polyethylene and aluminium foil laminated packets had the highest endophyte viability (70–78%) at ambient temperatures. Seed stored at 5, 0, or ‐15°C had high endophyte viability with no effect of seed moisture. Seed germination was not affected by any treatments. Cool or low humidity environments (&lt; 60% RH) are required to maintain viability of Lolium endophyte fungus in stored seed.
Vectorial Growth of Metallic and Semiconducting Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (2002)

A new approach for vectorial growth of single-wall carbon nanotube arrays is presented. The origin of growth is defined by patterning the catalyst nanoparticles, while the direction of growth is defined by a local electric field parallel to the substrate. Statistical analysis of the nanotube angular distribution indicates that field-directed growth can discriminate between metallic and semiconducting nanotubes during their formation. Vectorial growth could be used to produce nanotube-based circuitry for molecular electronics.
Galectin-1 Promotes Lung Cancer Progression and Chemoresistance by Upregulating p38 MAPK, ERK, and Cyclooxygenase-2 (2012)

p38 MAPK, ERK, and COX-2 activation are novel mediators for the galectin-1-promoted tumor progression and chemoresistance in lung cancer. Galectin-1 may be an innovative target for combined modality therapy for lung cancer.
Testosterone Gel Supplementation for Men With Refractory Depression: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial (2002)

These preliminary findings suggest that testosterone gel may produce antidepressant effects in the large and probably underrecognized population of depressed men with low testosterone levels.
CD8+ T Cells Resistant to Costimulatory Blockade Are Controlled by an Antagonist Interleukin-15/Fc Protein (2006)

In this study, we determined the efficacy and potential therapeutic benefit of the IL-15 antagonist on CD4-independent CD8(+) T-cell responses to alloantigens. Targeting the IL-15/IL-15R pathway represents a potent strategy to prevent rejection driven by CD8(+) T cells resistant to costimulation blockade.
Simultaneous Strain and Temperature Measurements With Fiber Bragg Grating Written in Novel Hi-Bi Optical Fiber (2004)

A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) was written in a novel "quasi-rectangle" high birefringence fiber by the phase-mask method. Two Bragg wavelengths corresponding to the fast-axis mode and slow-axis mode are observed in this grating, and a wavelength splitting as large as 0.765 nm was obtained. The wavelength splitting changes proportionally to the temperature, but remains the same as the strain increases. This novel FBG can be used to measure temperature and strain simultaneously.
Protective effect of L-ascorbic acid in lindane intoxicated rats. (1982)

Administration of lindane at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight/day for 15 days to male rats brought about marked growth retardation. Succinic dehydrogenase, Mg2+-ATPase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities were inhibited in different fractions of liver tissues. Mg2+-ATPase, alkaline phosphatase and NADH-dehydrogenase activities were also inhibited in the liver plasma membranes of the lindane treated animals. Stimulation of 5'-nucleotidase activity in liver plasma membrane was observed under lindane intoxication. Supplementation of L-ascorbic acid by separate oral administration to the lindane intoxicated rats neutralized the growth retardation and maintained almost normal values of all the enzymes studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNA): Synthesis, Properties, and Potential Applications (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
FGF‐10 and specific structural elements of dermatan sulfate size and sulfation promote maximal keratinocyte migration and cellular proliferation (2009)

Fibroblast growth factor-10 (FGF-10) is essential for epithelial development, while other members of this family, such as FGF-7, are not. FGF-10 is abundantly released into wounds following injury, and likely an essential growth factor required for this process. To evaluate how activation of this growth factor is controlled, multiple glycosaminoglycans were combined with FGF-10 assayed by measurement of the proliferation of cell lines expressing FGF receptor-2-IIIb, or keratinocyte migration in an in vitro wound repair assay. Dermatan sulfate (DS) exhibited greater potency than heparan sulfate or other chondroitin sulfates found in wounds. Structural variants of DS between 10 and 20 disaccharides containing iduronic acid showed maximal capacity to enable FGF-10 receptor stimulation. Furthermore, FGF-10 and DS markedly enhanced migration of keratinocytes in an in vitro wound scratch assay, while FGF-7 or other glycosaminoglycans did not. These data strongly suggest that FGF-10 activity is uniquely important in wound repair and that specific DS structural properties are necessary to promote FGF-10 function. These observations identify a novel interplay between DS and FGF-10 in mediating wound repair.
Mining frequent labeled and partially labeled graph patterns (2004)

Whereas data mining in structured data focuses on frequent data values, in semistructured and graph data the emphasis is on frequent labels and common topologies. Here, the structure of the data is just as important as its content. When data contains large amount of different labels, both fully labeled and partially labeled data may be useful. More informative patterns can be found in the database if some of the pattern nodes can be regarded as 'unlabeled'. We study the problem of discovering typical fully and partially labeled patterns of graph data. Discovered patterns are useful in many applications, including: compact representation of source information and a road-map for browsing and querying information sources.
The Imagine Stream Processor (2003)

The Imagine Stream Processor is a single-chip programmable media processor with 48 parallel ALUs. At 400 MHz, this translates to a peak arithmetic rate of 16 GFLOPS on single-precision data and 32 GOPS on 16 bit fixed-point data. The scalability of Imagine's programming model and architecture enable it to achieve such high arithmetic rates. Imagine executes applications that have been mapped to the stream programming model. The stream model decomposes applications into a set of computation kernels that operate on data streams. This mapping exposes the inherent locality and parallelism in the application, and Imagine exploits the locality and parallelism to provide a scalable architecture that supports 48 ALUs on a single chip. This paper presents the Imagine architecture and programming model in the first half and explores the scalability of the Imagine architecture in the second half.
Ontogeny of the vascular bundles and contiguous tissues in the maize leaf blade (1994)

The patterns of initiation and early development of the minor and major veins in the flat portion of the leaf blade of maize ( Zea mays L.) follow similar patterns. The veins and their associated bundle sheath cells commonly arise from cell assemblages derived from a single cell lineage, or longitudinal file of cells, rather than from two “half vein units” derived from different cell lineages. In addition, apparently, none of the vascular cells derived from the procambium is directly related ontogenetically to a bundle sheath cell. In veins derived from larger cell assemblages, the lateral bundle sheath cells are more closely related ontogenetically to the mesophyll cells, which are derived from the ground meristem, than to the vascular cells, which are derived from procambium. The bundle sheath cells, accordingly, are interpreted as being ground meristem in origin.
Cryo-EM Model of the Bullet-Shaped Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (2010)

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a bullet-shaped rhabdovirus and a model system of negative-strand RNA viruses. Through direct visualization by means of cryo-electron microscopy, we show that each virion contains two nested, left-handed helices: an outer helix of matrix protein M and an inner helix of nucleoprotein N and RNA. M has a hub domain with four contact sites that link to neighboring M and N subunits, providing rigidity by clamping adjacent turns of the nucleocapsid. Side-by-side interactions between neighboring N subunits are critical for the nucleocapsid to form a bullet shape, and structure-based mutagenesis results support this description. Together, our data suggest a mechanism of VSV assembly in which the nucleocapsid spirals from the tip to become the helical trunk, both subsequently framed and rigidified by the M layer.
Selective assay for herpes simplex viruses expressing thymidine kinase (1979)

A technique for selecting herpes simplex viruses expressing the viral thymidine kinase (TK+) from a population of predominantly TK- viruses was developed. This was accomplished by infecting TK- cells and incubating the cultures under a liquid overlay medium containing methotrexate. Since the TK- cells survive in this medium for only a limited period of time, it was necessary to add fresh uninfected TK- cells 48 h after infection. The technique allowed the detection and quantitation of the TK+ virus fraction in mixtures of TK+ and TK- viruses where the TK+ fraction was present in frequencies as low as 10(-5). It was also used to estimate reversion frequencies and to obtain and analyze TK+ revertants from TK- mutant strains of herpes simplex virus type 1.
Molecular Transporters: Synthesis of Oligoguanidinium Transporters and Their Application to Drug Delivery and Real‐Time Imaging (2006)

Crossing borders. Methods to enhance or control selective passage of therapeutics or probes into or through biological barriers are a key to the future of drug therapy and many fundamental advances in science. One bioinspired strategy for crossing biological barriers is based on the use of molecular transporters, the focus of this minireview and our studies Stanford.
Curcuminoids enhance amyloid-β uptake by macrophages of Alzheimer's disease patients (2006)

Treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is difficult due to ignorance of its pathogenesis. AD patients have defects in phagocytosis of amyloid-beta (1-42) (Abeta) in vitro by the innate immune cells, monocyte/macrophages and in clearance of Abeta plaques [5]. The natural product curcuminoids enhanced brain clearance of Abeta in animal models. We, therefore, treated macrophages of six AD patients and 3 controls by curcuminoids in vitro and measured Abeta uptake using fluorescence and confocal microscopy. At baseline, the intensity of Abeta uptake by AD macrophages was significantly lower in comparison to control macrophages and involved surface binding but no intracellular uptake. After treatment of macrophages with curcuminoids, Abeta uptake by macrophages of three of the six AD patients was significantly (P<0.001 to 0.081) increased. Confocal microscopy of AD macrophages responsive to curcuminoids showed surface binding in untreated macrophages but co-localization with phalloidin in an intracellular compartment after treatment. Immunomodulation of the innate immune system by curcuminoids might be a safe approach to immune clearance of amyloidosis in AD brain.
Establishment and gene analysis of an oxaliplatin-resistant colon cancer cell line THC8307/L-OHP (2007)

Oxaliplatin is widely used for chemotherapy of several malignancies, especially of colon cancer. As the mechanism of resistance to oxaliplatin is unclear, we established an oxaliplatin-resistant cell line, THC8307/L-OHP, from an oxaliplatin-sensitive colonic cancer cell line, THC8307. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium assay indicated that THC8307/L-OHP has 30.99-fold greater resistance to oxaliplatin than THC8307. Analyzing its gene expression profile using an in-house oligomicroarray, a number of genes were differentially expressed in the THC8307/L-OHP cells, compared with parental cells (THC8307). Proapoptotic genes such as STK17A and BNIP3 were significantly downregulated, whereas the genes PSAP and GDIA1, which were involved in antiapoptosis, were overexpressed. Moreover, the THC8307/L-OHP cells are also resistant to the other anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil, and the expression levels of the differentially regulated genes such as S100P, CAeta, STA15, TCF8 are constantly maintained. These results provide clues for understanding the oxaliplatin-resistant mechanisms and imply markers to predict drug sensitivities for 'personalized chemotherapy'.
Adverse Selection vs. Opportunistic Savings in Dark Aggregators (2009)

Dark aggregators provide access to liquidity opportunities at multiple venues—yet the prevalence of high-frequency trading operations has raised concerns that these benefits may be lost to adverse selection. This article provides a methodology to separately measure opportunistic savings and adverse selection costs. These measures are far more accurate and less subject to selection bias than implementation shortfall. The authors find that in the case of dark aggregators and broker algorithms, most of the benefits of dark liquidity are counterbalanced by adverse selection costs. They analyze results from random marketneutral basket trade experiments conducted with Pipeline’s Algorithm Switching Engine to measure implementation shortfall without selection bias. The Engine uses a nonlinear model to predict participation rates and reduce adverse selection by switching into algorithms that are expected to perform well in the current market conditions. Predictive switching eliminates two-thirds of adverse selection costs relative to the continuous use of dark aggregators with only a small loss in opportunistic savings, resulting in a 40% reduction in the implementation shortfall. The authors show that a modified aggregator that blends traditional dark pools with displayed-market access to enforce minimum and maximum participation rates was able to provide full access to the benefits of dark liquidity while reducing adverse selection by 37%, contributing to a substantial improvement in trade performance for the desk. <b>TOPICS:</b>Statistical methods, factor-based models, exchanges/markets/clearinghouses
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (2013)

Artículo digital.