gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conversion of Radiolabeled Human Growth Hormone into Higher Molecular Weight Moieties in Human Plasmain Vivoandin Vitro (1977)

Purified human growth hormone (hGH) was iodinated with 131I ([131I]iodo-hGH) and purified on Sephadex G-100. The monomeric [131I]iodo-hGH (mol wt about 20,000 daltons) was injected as a bolus iv in healthy volunteers and plasma obtained at 10,20, and 40 min. Then continuous infusion with [13II]- iodo-hGH was started and further plasma samples obtained after 120 min when a plateau of immunoreactive hGH (IR-hGH) had been attained. In one individual the bolus injection was followed further to 60 and 120 min. Fresh plasma was immediately chromatographed on Sephadex G-100 and the IR-hGH profiles evaluated. In all instances following iv injection, larger and occasionally smaller immunoreactive moieties than the injected [131I]iodo-hGH appeared. When [131I]iodo-hGH was incubated at 37 C with fresh human plasma from 4 different individuals from 10 to 120 min, the larger molecular weight forms, noted in the in vivo studies, were again demonstrable. Only the monomeric [13lI]iodo-hGH was found when [131I]iodo-hGH was incubated at 37 C for 120 min with human serum albumin or gamma globulin.
Making sure the male always gets through (1998)

Male students, as a rule, are excluded from gynaecological wards when placements are chosen. Male students are restricted from attending some theatres during gynaecological operations, even though most gynaecologists and theatre staff in the hospital are male.
Single-cell contraction assay for human ciliary muscle cells. Effect of carbachol (1993)

A simple method was established to study the functional changes of human ciliary muscle cells.
Gradual typing with unification-based inference (2008)

Static and dynamic type systems have well-known strengths and weaknesses. Gradual typing provides the benefits of both in a single language by giving the programmer control over which portions of the program are statically checked based on the presence or absence of type annotations. This paper studies the combination of gradual typing and unification-based type inference with the goal of developing a system that helps programmers increase the amount of static checking in their program. The key question in combining gradual typing and type inference is how should the dynamic type of a gradual system interact with the type variables of a type inference system. This paper explores the design space and shows why three straightforward approaches fail to meet our design goals. This paper presents a new type system based on the idea that a solution for a type variable should be as informative as any type that constrains the variable. The paper also develops an efficient inference algorithm and proves it sound and complete with respect to the type system.
Synthese und Struktur von 3‐Isochinolinolen (1974)

Abstract (2‐Cyanphenyl)acetylchloride 1 cyclisieren in Gegenwart wasserfreier Halogenwasserstoffsäuren zu I‐Halogen‐3‐isochinolinolen 2 – 4 . Durch katalytische Hydrierung erhält man aus diesen die 3‐Isochinolinole 8 . Die Lactam‐Lactim‐Tautomerie dieser Verbindungsklassen wird untersucht.
[DMSO in patients with active gonarthrosis. A double-blind placebo controlled phase III study]. (1995)

In comparison with the gel base used as placebo, percutaneous treatment with DMSO proved to have a clinically relevant analgesic effect on the intensity of loading pain during everyday activities (p = 0.019). A positive effect of DMSO was also seen for pain intensity at rest (p = 0.015) and pressure pain (p = 0.029). The pain diary also reflected these observations. No serious adverse events or changes in laboratory values were observed.
Combination therapy with naproxen and aspirin in rheumatoid arthritis (1976)

Thirty-six patients with rheumatoid arthritis were studied to determine the effectiveness and safety of combined therapy with naproxen and aspirin. An 8-week double-blind crossover trial was performed in which naproxen and placebo were administered on a background of constant-dose aspirin. Combination therapy was demonstrated to be more effective than aspirin alone. Tolerance of the two regimens was comparable.
Paracoccus denitrificans cytochrome c1 gene replacement mutants (1990)

We describe the construction and characterization of gene replacement mutants for the respiratory chain component cytochrome c1 in the bacterium Paracoccus denitrificans. Its structural gene (fbcC) was inactivated by insertion of the kanamycin resistance gene, introduced into a suicide vector, and conjugated into Paracoccus; chromosomal mutants obtained by homologous recombination were selected by antibiotic resistance screening and further characterized biochemically. They showed the complete spectral, enzymatic, and immunological loss of the fbcC gene product together with a serious defect in the assembly of the two other gene products of the fbc operon, cytochrome b and the FeS protein. A possible role of the cytochrome c1 in the assembly process for the enzyme complex is discussed. A functional restoration to wild-type phenotype was achieved by complementing in trans with a newly constructed broad-host-range vector carrying the fbcC gene cassette. When the complete fbc operon was present on this vector, overexpression of complex III subunits was observed. Apart from their physiological significance, such mutants are a prerequisite for probing structure-function relationships by site-directed mutagenesis in order to understand molecular details of electron transport and energy transduction processes of this respiratory enzyme in bacteria and in mitochondria.
Micro Pixel Chamber with resistive electrodes for spark reduction (2013)

The Micro Pixel Chamber (µ-PIC) using resistive electrodes has been developed and tested. The surface cathodes are made from resistive material, by which the electrical field is reduced when large current is flowed. Two-dimensional readouts are achieved by anodes and pickup electrodes, on which signals are induced. High gas gain (&amp;gt; 6 × 104) was measured using 55Fe (5.9 keV) source, and very intensive spark reduction was attained under fast neutron. The spark rate of resistive µ-PIC was only 10−4 times less than that of conventional µ-PIC at the gain of 104. With these developments, a new MPGD with no floating structure is achieved, with enough properties of both high gain and good stability to detect MIP particles. In addition, µ-PIC can be operated with no HV applied on anodes by using resistive cathodes. Neither AC coupling capacitors nor HV pull up resisters are needed for any anode electrode. Signal readout is drastically simplified by that configuration.
THE ELUCIDATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF HYOCHOLIC ACID (1956)

Hyocholic acid, a new bile acid isolated from hog bile, was identified as 3(α), 6(α),7(α)-trihydroxycholanic acid.
Radiosensitization of human solid tumor cell lines with gemcitabine. (1996)

Gemcitabine has high clinical activity in several solid tumors that are treated with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. The mode of action of gemcitabine involves a number of intracellular changes that are shared by other radiation sensitizing anticancer drugs. There is therefore a clear rationale for investigating the interaction between gemcitabine and radiation in human cancer cell lines in vitro. Gemcitabine has been shown to be a potent radiosensitizer in human colorectal, pancreatic, and other solid tumor cell lines. Gemcitabine produces radiation enhancement ratios that are higher than those of other established radio-sensitizing agents, and this radiation enhancement occurs at low noncytotoxic concentrations. Radiosensitization increases with dose and with duration of exposure to gemcitabine, and is greatest when exposure to gemcitabine precedes radiation. The primary radiosensitizing effect of gemcitabine seems to be associated with depletion of endogenous nucleotide pools; deoxyadenosine triphosphate reduction is particularly striking, even at the lowest concentrations of gemcitabine. These studies suggest a number of approaches that are relevant to the clinical use of gemcitabine in patients with solid tumors.
Bio-distribution and in vivo antioxidant properties of cerium oxide nanoparticles (87.26) (2010)

Abstract Cerium oxide nanoparticles have oxygen defects in their lattice structure that enable them to scavenge oxygen radicals. Recent reports have shown nanoceria to act a regenerative free radical scavenger in a physiological environment. The goal of our study was to perform a comprehensive analysis of the biological distribution and in vivo antioxidant capabilities of nanoceria. We examined three peroral (PO), intravenous (IV), and intraperitoneal (IP) administration routes along with deposition, clearance, histology and WBC counts in nanoceria administered mice. We also examined if nanoceria would decrease ROS production in mice treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). As determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), nanoceria organ deposition for IV and IP mice was greatest in the spleen followed by the liver, lungs, and kidneys. Elimination for all administration routes was through feces. Nanoceria distribution was confirmed with IVIS in vivo imaging, and deposition was confirmed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Nanoceria administration did not induce histopathology, however it did raise WBC counts. Nanoceria administration to mice with induced liver toxicity reduced liver 8-isoprostane, urine 8-OHdG, and plasma MDA levels markers of oxidative stress. Our studies show that nanoceria remains deposited in tissues and decreases ROS, suggesting that cerium oxide nanoparticles may be a useful antioxidant treatment for oxidative stress.
Transformation of Lactococcus by Electroporation (2003)

Lactococcus lactis strains are the principal organisms used in cheese-making, and their performance is of vital importance to the quality of the cheese. A goal for the dairy industry has always been to improve strains of L. lactis and to stabilize beneficial traits. In recent years, genetic engineering has become a useful tool for manipulating L. lactis. A critical step in this work is the introduction of DNA into the cells. The first successful transformations of L. lactis employed protoplast transformation in the presence of polyethylene glycol (1). This method was not very reproducible and worked only for a few strains. More recently, electroporation proved to be an alternative to protoplast transformation in L. lactis. Harlander (2) was the first to employ electroporation in this species. Later work indicated that the cell wall is a physical barrier to the entering DNA not only during protoplast transformation, but also during electroporation. Powell et al. (3) used lysozyme treatment to obtain an increase in transformation efficiency, and van der Lelie et al. (4) obtained cells competent for electrotransformation by growing them in the presence of high concentrations of threonine to weaken their cell walls. However, the methods were not very efficient, and a number of strains could not be transformed.
Abnormal magnetic-resonance scans of the lumbar spine in asymptomatic subjects. A prospective investigation. (1990)

We performed magnetic resonance imaging on sixty-seven individuals who had never had low-back pain, sciatica, or neurogenic claudication. The scans were interpreted independently by three neuro-radiologists who had no knowledge about the presence or absence of clinical symptoms in the subjects. About one-third of the subjects were found to have a substantial abnormality. Of those who were less than sixty years old, 20 per cent had a herniated nucleus pulposus and one had spinal stenosis. In the group that was sixty years old or older, the findings were abnormal on about 57 per cent of the scans: 36 per cent of the subjects had a herniated nucleus pulposus and 21 per cent had spinal stenosis. There was degeneration or bulging of a disc at at least one lumbar level in 35 per cent of the subjects between twenty and thirty-nine years old and in all but one of the sixty to eighty-year-old subjects. In view of these findings in asymptomatic subjects, we concluded that abnormalities on magnetic resonance images must be strictly correlated with age and any clinical signs and symptoms before operative treatment is contemplated.
Triiodothyronine Augmentation in the Treatment of Refractory Depression (1996)

Triiodothyronine augmentation may be an effective empirical method of increasing response rates and decreasing depression severity scores in a subgroup of patients with depression refractory to tricyclic antidepressant therapy, but the total number of patients randomized was small, and additional placebo-controlled data are required for a definitive verdict. Since therapeutic trends now favor other drugs, future trials might usefully examine triiodothyronine augmentation with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or compare potentiation strategies, eg, lithium vs triiodothyronine, for managing refractory depression. Such trials would benefit from much larger sample sizes than those reviewed here.
Amniotic Fluid and Amniotic Membrane Stem Cells: Marker Discovery (2012)

Amniotic fluid (AF) and amniotic membrane (AM) have been recently characterized as promising sources of stem or progenitor cells. Both not only contain subpopulations with stem cell characteristics resembling to adult stem cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells, but also exhibit some embryonic stem cell properties like (i) expression of pluripotency markers, (ii) high expansion in vitro, or (iii) multilineage differentiation capacity. Recent efforts have been focused on the isolation and the detailed characterization of these stem cell types. However, variations in their phenotype, their heterogeneity described by different groups, and the absence of a single marker expressed only in these cells may prevent the isolation of a pure homogeneous stem cell population from these sources and their potential use of these cells in therapeutic applications. In this paper, we aim to summarize the recent progress in marker discovery for stem cells derived from fetal sources such as AF and AM, using novel methodologies based on transcriptomics, proteomics, or secretome analyses.
T Cell Repertoire Development in Humans with SCID After Nonablative Allogeneic Marrow Transplantation (2003)

Transplantation of HLA-identical or haploidentical T cell-depleted allogeneic bone marrow (BM) into SCID infants results in thymus-dependent T cell development in the recipients. Immunoscope analysis of the TCR V beta repertoire was performed on 15 SCID patients given BM transplants. Before and within the first 100 days after bone marrow transplantation (BMT), patients' PBMC displayed an oligoclonal or skewed T cell repertoire, low TCR excision circles (TREC) values, and a predominance of CD45RO(+) T cells. In contrast, the presence of high numbers of CD45RA(+) cells in the circulation of SCID patients >100 days post-BMT correlated with active T cell output by the thymus as revealed by high TREC values and a polyclonal T cell repertoire demonstrated by a Gaussian distribution of V beta-specific peaks. Ten years after BMT, we observed a decrease of the normal polyclonal T cell repertoire and an increase of a more skewed T cell repertoire. A decline of TREC levels and a decrease in the number of CD45RA(+) cells beyond 10 years after BMT was concomitant with the detection of oligoclonal CD3(+)CD8(+)CD45RO(+) cells. The switch from a polyclonal to a more skewed repertoire, observed in the CD3(+)CD8(+)CD45RO(+) T cell subset, is a phenomenon that occurs normally with decreased thymic output during aging, but not as rapidly as in this patient population. We conclude that a normal T cell repertoire develops in SCID patients as a result of thymic output and the repertoire remains highly diverse for the first 10 years after BMT. The TCR diversity positively correlates in these patients with TREC levels.
Targeting Targeted Therapy (2004)

The emergence of effective cancer chemotherapy is one of the major medical advances of the second half of the 20th century. In certain neoplasms — such as gestational choriocarcinoma, childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and subgroups of Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma — chemotherapy is often curative, and the promise of long-term survival makes therapy well worth the risk of adverse effects and the financial costs. Moreover, adjuvant chemotherapy for breast, colon, or lung cancer can augment the survival benefit afforded by surgical management. Even in patients with advanced solid tumors or recurrences despite surgery, chemotherapy can offer lengthened survival of . . .
Optimized concatenated LDPC codes for joint source-channel coding (2009)

In this paper a scheme for joint source-channel coding based on low-density-parity-check (LDPC) codes is investigated. Two concatenated independent LDPC codes are used in the transmitter: one for source coding and the other for channel coding, with a joint belief propagation decoder. The asymptotic behavior is analyzed using EXtrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) charts and this approximation is corroborated with illustrative experiments. The optimization of the degree distributions for our sparse code to maximize the information transmission rate is also considered.
Amplification and rearrangement of c-erb B proto-oncogenes in cancer of human female genital tract. (1989)

There are two genes related to the v-erb B oncogene in the human genome. The c-erb B-1 gene encodes the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-r), and the c-erb B-2/neu gene encodes a receptor-like protein very similar to, but distinct from the EGF-r. Southern blot analysis of DNAs from 15 fresh human ovarian carcinomas showed that the c-erb B-2/neu gene was amplified in 3 tumors. The c-erb B-1/EGF-r gene was not amplified. However, in one case of adenocarcinoma of uterine endometrium, the c-erb B-1/EGF-r was found to be rearranged in the 5' region of this gene. The genomic structure of the rearranged c-erb B-1/EGF-r gene is similar to those found in the chicken v-erb B oncogene, which produces a truncated form of the EGF-r. The results suggest that amplification of the c-erb B-2/neu gene may play a role in the pathogenesis of ovarian carcinoma. Further, the human c-erb B-1/EGF-r gene in adenocarcinoma of uterine endometrium may be activated by a similar mechanism as that in the chicken v-erb B oncogene.
Effect of pH value on performance of FePO_4·xH_2O and LiFePO_4 in synthesis process (2008)

FePO4·xH2O precursor was synthesized from FeSO4·7H2O, H3PO4, H2O2 and NH3·H2O under various pH value. LiFePO4 cathode material was then synthesized by low temperature sintering of the homogeneous mixture of Li2CO3, acetylene black and FePO4·xH2O. The effect of the solution pH on the performance of FePO4·xH2O was characterized. The structures of FePO4·xH2O and LiFePO4 were characterized by XRD and SEM. The effect of the solution pH on the electrochemical performance of LiFePO4 was discussed. The results show that no impurities exist in the FePO4·xH2O synthesized at pH value ranging in 2 and 5. LiFePO4 made from FePO4·xH2O precursor synthesized under the condition that the solution pH is about 2 show excellent electrochemical performance, and the tap density reaches 1.11 g/cm 3 .
Mullerian Inhibiting Substance Inhibits Growth of a Human Ovarian Cancer in Nude Mice (1981)

Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) was investigated for its ability to inhibit growth of a human ovarian cancer in nude mice. Biologically active preparations from newborn calf testes, obtained after sequential ion exchange chromatography, delayed or prevented growth of a human ovarian cancer (HOC-21) when 2 X 10(6) cells were preincubated with them prior to subcutaneous injection of the tumor cells into Balb/C homozygous nude mice. Preincubation of a human colon carcinoma cells (SW-48) with similar preparations of MIS failed to inhibit growth of the tumor cells in nude mice. Human serous carcinomas are thought to arise from the ovarian surface epithelium, a derivative of the coelomic epithelium of the urogenital ridge, which invaginates to form the mullerian duct early in embryonic life. The neoplastic cells of serous tumors simulate morphologically the lining cells of the fallopian tube, which are derivatives of mullerian duct epithelium. This study provides physiologic confirmation of the mullerian nature of this type of tumor and suggests that MIS may ultimately prove to be effective in its therapy.
What is the Role of Nitric Oxide in Murine and Human Host Defense against Tuberculosis? (2001)

The production of reactive oxygen intermediates and reactive nitrogen intermediates by innate immune cells is considered to be an effective host-defense mechanism against microbial pathogens. In the murine model of tuberculosis (TB), nitric oxide (NO) plays an essential role in the killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by mononuclear phagocytes. For example, in the mouse strain with a genetic disruption for inducible NO synthase (iNOS-/-), infection with M. tuberculosis is associated with a significantly higher risk of dissemination and mortality. Although more controversial in humans, there is a growing body of evidence that NO produced by TB-infected macrophages and by epithelial cells also has antimycobacterial effects against M. tuberculosis. The precise mechanism(s) by which NO and other reactive nitrogen species antagonize M. tuberculosis is not known, but may involve disruption of bacterial DNA, proteins, signaling, and/or induction of apoptosis of macrophages that harbor mycobacteria. In addition to cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 1-beta, mycobacterial cell wall components such as lipoarabinomannan and 19 kD lipoprotein, along with the T-cell-derived interferon-gamma, may also induce NO expression. In a Darwinian fashion, it also appears that certain strains of M. tuberculosis have evolved strategies to combat the toxic effects of NO.
Orthotic survey. Preliminary results (1993)

A nationwide survey of patient satisfaction and effectiveness with prescription foot orthoses was conducted. Five hundred twenty patients were fitted with foot orthoses and evaluated for 14 weeks. The survey was not confined to a single medical condition. The level of patient satisfaction and the final fit of the custom-fitted orthoses were excellent. Effectiveness of the orthoses in the patient population ranged from 62.5% of the cases having the chief complaint completely resolved to 4.7% unresolved. Orthoses reduced or delayed the need for surgery in general and for hallux valgus and hammer toe specifically. Although several conclusions can be drawn on the basis of these survey results, this study highlights the need for a more detailed study and research into the prescription of orthoses to improve clinical practice, patient quality of life, cost effectiveness, and the design and manufacture of orthoses.