gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Place-dependent Cell Adhesion, Process Retraction, and Spatial Signaling in Neural Morphogenesis (1990)

The establishment of a functioning neuroanatomy during development is obviously a multistage process. In its early stages, it calls upon cellular driving forces, neurite extension and retraction, and various interactions with cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and substrate adhesion molecules (SAMs). These early events result in the formation of particular neuroanatomical structures (Edelman 1986, 1987a). Later, during synapse formation and the establishment of refined neural maps, activity-dependent effects of correlated signals drive the formation of specific synaptic contacts (Constantine-Paton et al. 1990). The combined results of early and late events is an intricate but specifically mapped neural structure able to respond appropriately to different inputs.
Smart antenna spatial sweeping for combined directionality and transmit diversity (2000)

In this paper, we present a novel application for antenna arrays in wireless communication systems. Here, antenna arrays at the base station are used to create 1) directionality which supports spatial multiplexing and 2) a scanning beam pattern, allowing receivers at the mobile unit to subdivide the symbol time into L partitions, each with independent fades. Combining the signals received in different symbol time partitions (at the mobile unit) results in diversity gains. In this way, diversity benefits (due to an antenna array) are achieved at the mobile unit with the smart antenna array located at the base station (rather than in the mobile itself), a significant cost saving for wireless communication systems.
EFFECT OF PERMETHRIN-TREATED BED NETS ON THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF MALARIA VECTORS IN WESTERN KENYA (2003)

The effect of insecticide (permethrin)-treated bed nets (ITNs) on the spatial distribution of malaria vectors in neighboring villages lacking ITNs was studied during a randomized controlled trial of ITNs in western Kenya. There was a trend of decreased abundance of Anopheles gambiae with decreasing distance from intervention villages both before (P = 0.027) and after (P = 0.002) introduction of ITNs, but this trend was significantly stronger after ITNs were introduced (P = 0.05). For An. funestus, no pre-intervention trend was observed (P = 0.373), but after the intervention, a trend of decreased abundance with closer proximity to intervention compounds developed (P = 0.027). Reduction in mosquito populations in villages lacking ITNs was most apparent in compounds located within 600 meters of intervention villages. Sporozoite infection rates decreased in control areas following the introduction of ITNs (P < 0.001 for both species), but no spatial association was detected between sporozoite rates and distance to nearest intervention village. We conclude that high coverage of ITNs is associated with a community-wide suppression of mosquito populations that is detectable in neighboring villages lacking ITNs, thereby affording individuals residing in these villages some protection against malaria.
Polymer-Stabilized Perfluorobutane Nanodroplets for Ultrasound Imaging Agents (2016)

In this paper, we describe a method for the stabilization of low-boiling point (low-bp) perfluorocarbons (PFCs) at physiological temperatures by an amphiphilic triblock copolymer which can emulsify PFCs and be cross-linked. After UV-induced thiol-ene cross-linking, the core of the PFC emulsion remains in liquid form even at temperatures exceeding their boiling points. Critically, the formulation permits vaporization at rarefactional pressures relevant for clinical ultrasound.
Truncated tau deregulates synaptic markers in rat model for human tauopathy (2015)

Synaptic failure and neurofibrillary degeneration are two major neuropathological substrates of cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Only a few studies have demonstrated a direct relationship between these two AD hallmarks. To investigate tau mediated synaptic injury we used rat model of tauopathy that develops extensive neurofibrillary pathology in the cortex. Using fractionation of cortical synapses, we identified an increase in endogenous rat tau isoforms in presynaptic compartment, and their mis-sorting to the postsynaptic density (PSD). Truncated transgenic tau was distributed in both compartments exhibiting specific phospho-pattern that was characteristic for each synaptic compartment. In the presynaptic compartment, truncated tau was associated with impairment of dynamic stability of microtubules which could be responsible for reduction of synaptic vesicles. In the PSD, truncated tau lowered the levels of neurofilaments. Truncated tau also significantly decreased the synaptic levels of Aβ40 but not Aβ42. These data show that truncated tau differentially deregulates synaptic proteome in pre- and postsynaptic compartments. Importantly, we show that alteration of Aβ can arise downstream of truncated tau pathology.
Ultrasound imaging findings of femoral veins in patients with renal failure and its impact on vascular access (2005)

Bilateral anatomical variations of femoral veins were relatively rare. However, ultrasound surveys should be performed in obese patients or when the femoral artery is not palpable.
Poster: Evolution and usability of ubiquitous immersive 3D interfaces (2013)

Immersive virtual reality applications have historically been associated with cumbersome technical components that require substantial infrastructure and support. Recent developments have pointed towards a far more accessible and exponentially less expensive generation of immersive virtual reality systems through creative repurposing of the products of the entertainment and mobile communications industry. We present a practical design of such a system; which provides the core interaction affordances of immersive virtual reality, but in a portable, lightweight, untethered configuration. In addition, an immersive virtual experience was developed for the system as an experimental test-bed. User feedback and performance data obtained from a pilot study with this experience is reported that provides insight into the acceptability of the system and experience design under ad-hoc deployment situations.
Approximation of SNR degradation due to carrier frequency offset for OFDM in shadowed multipath channels (2003)

We derive an approximate expression for signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) degradation of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing due to carrier frequency offset over a shadowed multipath channel, to explicitly show the effects of system and channel parameters on the degradation of the received SNR. The results show that, for small frequency offset, the SNR degradation is proportional to the square of the frequency offset and the square of the number of subcarriers. It is also shown that, if E/sub s//N/sub 0/ is reasonably large, the SNR degradation becomes insensitive to E/sub s//N/sub 0/, which is contrary to the case of the additive white Gaussian noise channel.
Corona and Insulation (1982)

The aim of this paper is to review our present knowledge of the physics of electrical coronas and their interaction with surfaces, with some emphasis on phenomena which seem of importance for high voltage insulation. We will concentrate on fundamental and general subjects, in order to limit the scope of the paper and to make it serve as an introduction to the more specialized papers that follow.
Lighting protection for petroleum storage facilities (2004)

We have innumerable precedents of the devastating damages occurred during lightning menace in almost all facets; be it human beings, buildings, sensitive electronic installations, power sector, flammable storage facilities and many more other. However data relating to the destructions caused in flammable storage facilities around the world due to lightning related phenomena is alone sufficient enough to enhance our concern over it. The data shows that lightning caused 150 out of 480 tank fires between years 1951 to 2003 (1). This amounts to 31.25%, which is single largest cause for tank fires. Such concerns have resurfaced over the recent fire incident in a petroleum product storage terminal in eastern part of India.(1) Henry Persson, Anders Lonnermark, Tank Fire Review of Fire incidents 1951–2003, SP REPORT 2004: 14, SP Swedish National Testing and Research Institute.
Vaccination‐induced changes in human B‐cell repertoire and pneumococcal IgM and IgA antibody at different ages (2011)

It is well known that older people are more susceptible to morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases, particularly from pulmonary diseases such as pneumococcal pneumonia where vaccines do not provide efficient protection as in younger populations. We have previously shown that the B-cell repertoire in the old is reduced and hypothesise that this may contribute to the impaired humoral responses of the elderly. Here, we investigated the repertoire and antibody responses to winter vaccination in two age groups, aged 18-49 and 65-89. We found that the serum IgM and IgA pneumococcal responses were significantly impaired in the older group, with no difference in IgG levels. IGHM spectratype analysis seems to be the most promising in terms of its predictive ability for vaccine responses. Spectratypes showed a clear change in the repertoire at day 7 after vaccination, with a return to the baseline levels at day 28. The changes at day 7 reflected expansion of IGH sequences that have smaller, more hydrophilic, CDR3 regions, and these changes were attenuated in the older group. The older group was more likely to have spectratypes indicative of a reduced diversity at day 0 and day 28. On average, the baseline repertoire in the older group was comprised of larger CDR3 regions than in the younger group. In conclusion, IgA and IgM responses are significantly impaired in the elderly pneumococcal response and are likely key mediators of protection. Hydrophilicity and/or small size of the IGH CDR3 appear to be important in these responses.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determination of antibodies to the envelope glycoprotein of rabies virus (1989)

The envelope glycoprotein G of rabies virus induces neutralizing antibodies, which are important in protection against rabies. This protein was solubilized from purified virus and isolated by differential and sucrose density gradient centrifugation followed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Conditions for solubilization and purification of G were optimized by using immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. The reaction with conventional antisera and monoclonal antibodies indicated that purified G protein was essentially devoid of internal viral proteins. Microdilution plates were coated with purified G protein, and sera from humans vaccinated against rabies were tested for the presence of antibodies. Results were compared with those of the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition assay, which is the standard neutralization assay for antibodies to rabies virus. The results of this comparison indicate that the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for G is a reliable and simple alternative to the neutralization test.
Biochemical nature and mapping of PSMA epitopes recognized by human antibodies induced after immunization with gene-based vaccines. (2006)

These data demonstrate that multiple gene-based vaccinations induce an anti-PSMA humoral immune response. The antibodies are predominantly specific for the PSMA protein core.
Two-slab all-optical spring (2007)

It is demonstrated that a waveguide consisting of two dielectric slabs may become an all-optical spring when guiding a superposition of two transverse evanescent modes. Both slabs are transversally trapped in stable equilibrium due to the optical forces developed. A condition for stable equilibrium on the wavenumbers of the two modes is expressed analytically. The spring constant characterizing the system is shown to have a maximal value as a function of the equilibrium distance between the slabs and their width.
Elevated plasma levels of high mobility group box protein 1 in patients with HIV-1 infection (2007)

High mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) is a potent proinflammatory mediator. It has a dichotomic effect on HIV-1 replication in vitro but its role in vivo is unknown. Here we report the novel finding that plasma HMGB1 levels are elevated in HIV-1-infected patients, with the highest concentrations in patients with clinical complications. HMGB1 is likely to contribute to immunoactivation in HIV-1 infection in vivo.
Functional connectivity estimation in fMRI data: Influence of preprocessing and time course selection (2007)

A number of techniques have been used to provide functional connectivity estimates for a given fMRI data set. In this study we compared two methods: a 'rest-like' method where the functional connectivity was estimated for the whitened residuals after regressing out the task-induced effects, and a within-condition method where the functional connectivity was estimated separately for each experimental condition. In both cases four pre-processing strategies were used: 1) time courses extracted from standard pre-processed data (standard); 2) adjusted time courses extracted using the volume of interest routines in SPM2 from standard pre-processed data (spm); 3) time courses extracted from ICA denoised data (standard denoised); and 4) adjusted time courses extracted from ICA denoised data (spm denoised). The temporal correlation between time series extracted from two cortical regions were statistically compared with the temporal correlation between a time series extracted from a cortical region and a time series extracted form a region placed in CSF. Since the later correlation is due to physiological noise and other artifacts, we used this comparison to investigate whether rest-like and task modulated connectivity could be estimated from the same data set. The pre-processing strategy had a significant effect on the connectivity estimates with the standard time courses providing larger connectivity values than the spm time courses for both estimation methods. The CSF comparison indicated that for our data set only rest-like connectivity could be estimated. The rest-like connectivity values were similar with connectivity estimated from resting state data.
Hydrodynamic Fractionation of Macromolecules. I. A Simple Theory (1970)

Abstract A new mechanism for separation in gel permeation chromatography (CPC) or gel filtration has been developed based upon the postulate that flow occurs through the gel phase. On the basis of the hydrodynamic nature of the separation mechanism, the new name Hydrodynamic Fractionation is proposed. A theory has been formulated for the case of equal pore size in the gel phase and equal sized spaces between the beads. This theory predicts the elution volume vs molecular weight curve. The flow-rate dependence of the separation peaks is investigated. The theoretically predicted relationship between molecular weight and elution volume compares very well with the gel permeation experiments using glass beads as packing probably because these packings correspond most closely to the assumptions in the theory. In the cross-linked polymer packing where a large distribution of pore sizes exists the theory does not fit well; however, it does predict the general shape of the curve. The flow-rate dependence of the separation peaks is experimentally the same as qualitatively predicted. Also the experimental findings of equilibrium experiments were correlated with the corresponding GPC data using the present theory.
Engineering a mini-herpesvirus as a general strategy to transduce up to 180 kb of functional self-replicating human mini-chromosomes. (1996)

The engineering of therapeutic human artificial episomal chromosomes, HAECs, requires the development of strategies to deliver large functional self-replicating extrachromosomal DNA in target cells. Members of the herpesviral family are among the largest episomal double-stranded DNA viruses. As model systems of this family of endemic infectious agents, vectors derived from the human herpes 4 Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were constructed which transferred up to 180 kb of DNA packaged as infectious virions. Such a transduction strategy was based on a non-oncogenic helper-dependent mini-EBV carrying minimal cis elements for latent replication and virus production. After exposure of human B lymphoma and lymphoblastoid cells to mini-EBVs transducing lacZ and human HPRT minigenes, stable cell transformants were selected which carried the delivered multimeric linear DNAs as circular episomes up to 160-180 kb in size. Following transduction of Lesch-Nyhan disease cells with a mini-EBV/HPRT, normal human HPRT function was restored in cells carrying large episomal HPRT minigenes. Direct visualization of the therapeutic mini-EBV by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) on metaphase and interphase nuclei indicated that 99% (556/563) of the transduced mini-EBV DNA was episomal with an average copy number of one to two per nucleus. This system should allow the delivery of large genes in common diseases such as hemophilia A and codelivery of multiple genes in cells from polygenic diseases such as cancer. The extrachromosomal mini-EBV-based strategy offers an alternative to integrative or non-replicating gene therapy infectious vectors, which may be generally applicable to other herpesviruses characterized by different tropisms.
Characterization of the integrin specificities of disintegrins isolated from American pit viper venoms. (1993)

A new series of homologous disintegrins was isolated from the venoms of new world pit viper genus Bothrops, Crotalus, and Lachesis. The relative activities of each disintegrin in blocking adhesive protein binding activities of GPIIb-IIIa, alpha v beta 3, and alpha 5 beta 1 were determined and correlated with their primary amino acid sequences. Four disintegrins contained the RGDW sequence and were found to be approximately twice as effective in blocking the binding of fibrinogen to GPIIb-IIIa than inhibiting the binding of vitronectin to alpha v beta 3 in solid-phase ligand binding assays (IC50 = 7.3 and 17.2 nM, respectively). A second group of seven disintegrins contained the RGDNP sequence and were found to be more potent inhibitors of vitronectin binding to alpha v beta 3 than fibrinogen binding to GPIIb-IIIa (IC50 = 4.3 and 19 nM, respectively). The RGDNP containing disintegrins were also greater than 10-fold more potent than RGDW containing disintegrins in blocking the adhesion of cells mediated by alpha 5 beta 1. These data illustrate that amino acid sequences immediately adjacent to the RGD site of disintegrins can create an extended RGD locus which coupled with conformational display of the RGD sequence may be involved in determining integrin selectivity and affinity. This information has been used in separate studies to design conformationally constrained integrin antagonists with high affinity for platelet GPIIb-IIIa.
Molecular Genetics of Development Studied in the Transgenic Mouse (1989)

Cells organize many of their biochemical reactions in non-membrane compartments. Recent evidence has shown that many of these compartments are liquids that form by phase separation from the cytoplasm. Here we discuss the basic physical concepts necessary ...Read More
Iron incorporation into apoferritin. The role of apoferritin as a ferroxidase. (1986)

Apoferritin catalyzes the oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III). Ferroxidase activity is assayed and characterized by coupling the oxidation with the binding of Fe(III) to transferrin. The initial rate of Fe(II) oxidation is dependent on apoferritin and initial Fe(II) concentration but independent of transferrin concentration. The ferroxidase activity is inhibited by Zn(II). Ferritins with varying loads of iron have the same ferroxidase activity level. It is suggested that the described oxidation process represents the initial step of iron deposition in apoferritin. Since transferrin can intercept Fe(III) before it is deposited in apoferritin, active sites for Fe(II) oxidation must be on or near the surface of apoferritin. This finding is contrary to the current view of apoferritin-catalyzed oxidation of Fe(II) which places active sites in the channels to the core or inside the central core.
Opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore by uncoupling or inorganic phosphate in the presence of Ca2+ is dependent on mitochondrial‐generated reactive oxygen species (1996)

In this study, we show that mitochondrial membrane permeability transition in Ca(2+)-loaded mitochondria treated with carbonyl cyanide p-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP) or inorganic phosphate (P(i)) is preceded by enhanced production of H2O2. This production is inhibited either by ethylene glycobis(b-aminoethyl ether)N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) or Mg2+, but not by cyclosporin A. Permeability transition is prevented either by EGTA, catalase or dithiothreitol, suggesting the involvement of Ca2+, H2O2 and oxidation of membrane protein thiols in this mechanism. When mitochondria are incubated under anaerobiosis, no permeabilization or H2O2 production occurs. Based on these results we conclude that mitochondrial permeability transition induced by P(i) or FCCP-uncoupling is dependent on mitochondrial-generated reactive oxygen species.
Simultaneous transfection of COS-1 cells with mitochondrial and microsomal steroid hydroxylases: incorporation of a steroidogenic pathway into nonsteroidogenic cells. (1988)

Transfected, nonsteroidogenic COS-1 cells derived from monkey kidney are found to be capable of supporting the initial and rate-limiting step common to all steroidogenic pathways, the side-chain cleavage of cholesterol to produce pregnenolone. Endogenous COS-1 kidney cell renodoxin reductase and renodoxin are able to sustain low levels of this activity catalyzed by bovine cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450 (P450scc) whose synthesis is directed by a transfected plasmid containing P450scc cDNA. Double transfection with both P450scc and adrenodoxin plasmids leads to greater pregnenolone production and indicates that adrenodoxin plays a role as a substrate for this reaction or that bovine adrenodoxin serves as a better electron donor than the endogenous iron-sulfur protein renodoxin. Also it is found that both the bovine adrenodoxin and P450scc precursor proteins are proteolytically processed upon their uptake by COS-1 cell mitochondria to forms having the same electrophoretic mobility as mature bovine adrenodoxin and P450scc. Following triple transfection of COS-1 cells with P450scc, adrenodoxin, and 17 alpha-hydroxylase cytochrome P450 plasmids, pregnenolone produced in mitochondria by the side-chain cleavage reaction can be further metabolized in the endoplasmic reticulum to 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone. Although this functional steroidogenic pathway can be incorporated into this nonsteroidogenic cell type, it is found to be nonresponsive to cAMP, a potent activator of steroid hormone biosynthesis in adrenal cortex, testis, and ovary. Thus the cellular mechanisms necessary to support both microsomal and mitochondrial steroid hydroxylase activities appear not to be tissue specific, whereas the acute cAMP-dependent regulation of steroidogenesis is not present in transformed kidney (COS-1) cells.