gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Catalytic antioxidants as novel pharmacologic approaches to treatment of ischemic brain injury (2002)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are increased following acute brain ischemia. These species have been associated with secondary injury that amplifies the magnitude of final neuronal damage. Work with both biochemical analyses and transgenic mice has shown that ROS/RNS production persists for many hours after the initial insult. This offers a potential therapeutic window for pharmacologic intervention of clinical relevance. Several classes of pharmacologic mimetics of superoxide dismutase/catalase have been synthesized. Evaluation of these catalytic antioxidants in laboratory models of acute brain injury has shown both robust neuroprotection and a prolonged therapeutic window at doses apparently devoid of neurotoxicity. (c) 2002 Prous Science. All rights reserved.
Risk Factors for Targeted Fungal and Mycobacterial Infections in Patients Taking Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors (2015)

Development of a targeted fungal or mycobacterial infection among patients taking a TNFi is rare. Concomitant use of prednisone predicted development of such infections.
CDK9/CYCLIN T1 expression during normal lymphoid differentiation and malignant transformation (2004)

CDK9 is a member of the CDC2-like family of kinases. Its cyclin partners are members of the CYCLIN T family (T1, T2a, and T2b) and CYCLIN K. The CDK9/CYCLIN T1 complex is very important in the differentiation programme of several cell types, controlling specific differentiation pathways. Limited data are available regarding the expression of CDK9/CYCLIN T1 in haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. The aim of this study was to analyse the expression of the CDK9/CYCLIN T1 complex in lymphoid tissue, in order to assess its role in B- and T-cell differentiation and lymphomagenesis. CDK9/CYCLIN T1 expression was found by immunohistochemistry in precursor B and T cells. In peripheral lymphoid tissues, germinal centre cells and scattered B- and T-cell blasts in interfollicular areas expressed CDK9/CYCLIN T1, while mantle cells, plasma cells, and small resting T-lymphocytes displayed no expression of either molecule. CDK9/CYCLIN T1 expression therefore appears to be related to particular stages of lymphoid differentiation/activation. CDK9 and CYCLIN T1 were highly expressed in lymphomas derived from precursor B and T cells, from germinal centre cells, such as follicular lymphomas, and from activated T cells (ie anaplastic large cell lymphomas). Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma also showed strong nuclear staining. Diffuse large B-cell, Burkitt's lymphomas, and peripheral T-cell lymphomas, among T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, showed a wide range of values. No expression of CDK9 or CYCLIN T1 was detected in mantle cell and marginal zone lymphomas. However, at the mRNA level, an imbalance in the CDK9/CYCLIN T1 ratio was found in follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas with germinal centre phenotype, and in the cell lines of classical Hodgkin's lymphomas, Burkitt's lymphomas, and anaplastic large cell lymphoma, in comparison with reactive lymph nodes. These results suggest that the CDK9/CYCLIN T1 complex may affect the activation and differentiation programme of lymphoid cells. The molecular mechanism through which the CDK9/CYCLIN T1 complex is altered in malignant transformation needs to be elucidated.
Preferential occurrence of diazotrophic endophytes, Azoarcus spp., in wild rice species and land races of Oryza sativa in comparison with modern races (2000)

Several diazotrophic species of Azoarcus spp. occur as endophytes in the pioneer plant Kallar grass. The purpose of this study was to screen Asian wild rice and cultivated Oryza sativa varieties for natural association with these endophytes. Populations of culturable diazotrophs in surface‐sterilized roots were characterized by 16S rDNA sequence analysis, and Azoarcus species were identified by genomic fingerprints. A. indigens and Azoarcus sp. group C were detected only rarely, whereas Azoarcus sp. group D occurred frequently in samples of flooded plants: in 75% of wild rice, 80% of land races of O. sativa from Nepal and 33% of modern cultivars from Nepal and Italy. The putatively endophytic populations of diazotrophs differed with the rice genotype. The diversity of cultured diazotrophs was significantly lower in wild rice species than in modern cultivars. In Oryza officinalis (from Nepal) and O. minuta (from the Philippines), Azoarcus sp. group D were the predominant diazotrophic putative endophytes in roots. In contrast, their number was significantly lower in modern cultivars of O. sativa , whereas numbers and diversity of other diazotrophs, such as Azospirillum spp., Klebsiella sp., Sphingomonas paucimobilis , Burkholderia sp. and Azorhizobium caulinodans , were increased. In land races of O. sativa , the diazotrophic diversity was equally high; however, Azoarcus sp. was found in high apparent numbers. Similar differences in populations were also observed in a culture‐independent approach comparing a wild rice ( O. officinalis ) and a modern‐type O. sativa plant: in clone libraries of root‐associated nitrogenase ( nifH ) gene fragments, the diazotrophic diversity was lower in the wild rice species. New lineages of nifH genes were detected, e.g. one deeply branching cluster within the anf (iron) nitrogenases. Our studies demonstrate that the natural host range of Azoarcus spp. extends to rice, wild rice species and old varieties being preferred over modern cultivars.
Complete Freund's adjuvant induces an earlier and more severe arthritis in MRL-lpr mice. (1993)

A study was performed on the effect of CFA on the spontaneous arthritis of MRL-lpr mice. The development of swelling and erythema was monitored for 1 mo after injecting 13- to 14-wk-old mice intradermally with CFA, at which time the histopathology of the joints and serologic responses to extracellular matrix proteins were investigated. In a series of six experiments, 67 to 82% of mice showed early clinical evidence of arthritis in contrast to the low percentage observed in control animals. Similarly, the histopathologic analyses on the CFA-injected mice indicated a significantly higher frequency of advanced histopathologic alterations, characterized by cartilage erosion and pannus formation. The serologic evaluation of the adjuvant-injected mice demonstrated a significant enhanced antibody production to type I and type II collagens, DNA, and the Mycobacterium tuberculosis-positive control. This reproducible adjuvant-enhanced model of murine arthritis will be extremely useful in evaluating experimental therapeutic regimes as the arthritis is initiated earlier and exhibits an enhanced frequency and severity compared with the spontaneous arthritis seen in MRL-lpr mice.
Passivation of CdTe Nanoparticles by Silane Coupling Agent Assisted Silica Encapsulation (2008)

Bright red emitting colloidal CdTe nanoparticles were prepared by a wet chemical method using thioglycolic acid as the stabilizing agent. Since these particles are susceptible to atmospheric attack, we encapsulated them in silica by previously functionalizing the nanoparticle surface using 3–aminopropyltrimethoxysilane to form nanocomposite. The nanocomposite, thus prepared, showed ca. 50% lower quantum efficiency than the colloidal particles. The luminescence is drastically enhanced by the irradiation of UV with a considerable blue shift. This is caused by the nanoparticle consumption due to photoinduced surface changes and subsequent photo-assisted surface passivation. The prepared nanocomposite is stable under ambient conditions.
The order of expression of transcription factors directs hierarchical specification of hematopoietic lineages (2006)

The mechanism of lineage specification in multipotent stem cells has not been fully understood. We recently isolated progenitors with the eosinophil, basophil, or mast cell lineage potential, all of which originate from granulocyte/monocyte progenitors (GMPs). By using these prospectively purified progenitors, we show here that the expression timing of GATA-2 and CCAAT enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha) can differentially control their lineage commitment. The expression of GATA-2 instructed C/EBPalpha-expressing GMPs to commit exclusively into the eosinophil lineage, while it induced basophil and/or mast cell lineage commitment if C/EBPalpha was suppressed at the GMP stage. Furthermore, simply by switching the order of C/EBPalpha and GATA-2 transduction, even lymphoid-committed progenitors recaptured these developmental processes to be reprogrammed into each of these lineages. We propose that the order of expression of key transcription factors is critical for their interplay to selectively drive lineage specification programs, by which stem cells could generate multiple lineage cells in a hierarchical manner.
Five genetic markers in the interleukin 1 family in relation to inflammatory bowel disease (1998)

UC is associated with carriage of both infrequent alleles of the Taq1 and Mwo1 RFLPs. However, it could not be confirmed whether the association reflects a pathogenic mechanism underlying UC.
Voltage calibration of the direct electrooptic sampling technique (1992)

A detailed study of various voltage calibration factors or the direct electrooptic sampling technique is presented. In reflection mode optical probing, the circuit substrate forms an etalon for the optical probe beam. Analytical expressions for the calibration factors due to etalon effects and decaying surface potentials are derived. on the length of the sampling pulse relative to the substrate transit time, the etalon will affect either the voltage calibration factor or the system bandwidth: For pulses that are long compared to the transient time, interference at the surface results in a probe wavelength dependent storage time effect. The resulting electrooptic signal shows a resonant behavior as a function of wavelength or substrate thickness. For pulses that are short compared to the substrate transit time, multiple reflections reduce the effective system bandwidth to a bandwidth less than that given by the single transit time or the sampling pulse width. Experimental verification of the theoretical results is presented. Various deembedding procedures for implementing the voltage calibration are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
In situ X-ray absorption fine structure studies of a manganese dioxide electrode in a rechargeable MnO{sub 2}/Zn alkaline battery environment (1996)

Electronic and structural aspects of a MnO{sub 2} electrode in a rechargeable MnO{sub 2}/Zn battery environment have been investigated by in situ Mn K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS). The relative amplitudes of the three major Fourier transform shells of the EXAFS (extended XAFS) function of the rechargeable MnO{sub 2} electrode in the undischarged state were found to be similar to those found for ramsdellite, a MnO{sub 2} polymorph with substantial corner-sharing linkages among the basic MnO{sub 6} octahedral units. The analyses of the background-subtracted pre-edge peaks and absorption edge regions for the nominally 1-e{sup {minus}} discharged electrode were consistent with Mn{sup 3+} as being the predominant constituent species, rather than a mixture of Mn{sup 4+} and Mn{sup 2+} sites. Furthermore, careful inspection of both the XANES (X-ray absorption near edge structure) and EXAFS indicated that the full recharge of MnO, which had been previously discharged either by a 1- or 2-equivalent corner-sharing linkages compared to the original undischarged MnO{sub 2}.
New instruments which facilitate rapid freezing at 83 K and 6 K (1982)

SUMMARY We have developed three instruments to freeze different biological specimens for various purposes in the easiest and most economical way: a punching device, a rapid immersion device and a device to freeze the specimens against a copper block cooled by liquid helium. Cooling rate measurements are made by a thin flat thermocouple. Freezing against a copper block cooled down to 4 K gives cooling rates 3–5 times higher than freezing by immersion into propane at 85 K.
The Decomposition of Hypochlorite-Hypobromite Mixtures in the pH Range 7 10 (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Decomposition of Hypochlorite-Hypobromite Mixtures in the pH Range 7 10Menachem Lewin and Menashe AvrahamiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 17, 4491–4498Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01622a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01622a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views242Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Transdifferentiation of Blood-Derived Human Adult Endothelial Progenitor Cells Into Functionally Active Cardiomyocytes (2003)

EPCs from healthy volunteers and CAD patients can transdifferentiate in vitro into functionally active cardiomyocytes when cocultivated with rat cardiomyocytes. Cell-to-cell contact but not cellular fusion mediates EPC transdifferentiation. The therapeutic use of autologous EPCs may aid cardiomyocyte regeneration in patients with ischemic heart disease.
Expression of STAT3 and its phosphorylated forms in mantle cell lymphoma cell lines and tumours (2002)

The pathogenesis of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is incompletely understood, although cyclin D1 overexpression leading to deregulated cell proliferation is probably important. Recent data suggest that interleukin (IL)-10 can increase the proliferative activity of MCL cells. STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) is the signal transducer of IL-10, and STAT3 is activated by phosphorylation. The hypothesis of this study is that STAT3 is activated in MCL. The expression of the two phosphorylated (i.e. active) forms of STAT3, pSTAT3-tyr (phosphorylated at the tyrosine(705) residue) and pSTAT3-ser (phosphorylated at the serine(727) residue), was assessed in four MCL cell lines and 12 MCL tumours using western blots and/or immunofluorescence staining techniques. All MCL cell lines expressed STAT3, but only one had detectable pSTAT3-tyr and none had pSTAT3-ser. Addition of IL-10 rapidly resulted in expression of pSTAT3-tyr but not pSTAT3-ser. All eight cases of frozen MCL tumours examined had detectable pSTAT3-tyr and pSTAT3-ser. Immunofluorescence studies using four formalin-fixed, paraffin wax-embedded MCL tumours demonstrated cytoplasmic localization of STAT3, as opposed to the nuclear localization of the pSTAT3 species. In conclusion, these findings provide evidence that STAT3 is constitutively activated in MCL, supporting the concept that STAT3 signalling may be important in the pathogenesis of these tumours.
Fact and Fiction (2009)

3... 2... 1... Liftoff! - Using the concepts of fact and fiction, students review what they learned about the International Space Station, the space shuttle and rockets.
Broadband ultrasonic attenuation in the os calcis and single photon absorptiometry in the distal forearm: a comparative study (1986)

The measurement of broadband ultrasonic attenuation (BUA) in the os calcis has been described recently but the method has not been compared with other non-invasive techniques for the assessment of bone mass. We have compared the measurement of BUA in the os calcis with single-photon absorptiometry of the distal forearm in 44 subjects. A highly significant positive correlation was found between these two measurements (r = 0.80, p less than 0.001). Day to day repeatability was assessed for both techniques, with coefficients of variation of 3.9% and 1.4%, respectively, being obtained. Broadband ultrasonic attenuation appears to be a potentially useful bone measurement in the appendicular skeleton.
Action and Emotion Recognition from Point Light Displays: An Investigation of Gender Differences (2011)

Folk psychology advocates the existence of gender differences in socio-cognitive functions such as 'reading' the mental states of others or discerning subtle differences in body-language. A female advantage has been demonstrated for emotion recognition from facial expressions, but virtually nothing is known about gender differences in recognizing bodily stimuli or body language. The aim of the present study was to investigate potential gender differences in a series of tasks, involving the recognition of distinct features from point light displays (PLDs) depicting bodily movements of a male and female actor. Although recognition scores were considerably high at the overall group level, female participants were more accurate than males in recognizing the depicted actions from PLDs. Response times were significantly higher for males compared to females on PLD recognition tasks involving (i) the general recognition of 'biological motion' versus 'non-biological' (or 'scrambled' motion); or (ii) the recognition of the 'emotional state' of the PLD-figures. No gender differences were revealed for a control test (involving the identification of a color change in one of the dots) and for recognizing the gender of the PLD-figure. In addition, previous findings of a female advantage on a facial emotion recognition test (the 'Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test' (Baron-Cohen, 2001)) were replicated in this study. Interestingly, a strong correlation was revealed between emotion recognition from bodily PLDs versus facial cues. This relationship indicates that inter-individual or gender-dependent differences in recognizing emotions are relatively generalized across facial and bodily emotion perception. Moreover, the tight correlation between a subject's ability to discern subtle emotional cues from PLDs and the subject's ability to basically discriminate biological from non-biological motion provides indications that differences in emotion recognition may - at least to some degree - be related to more basic differences in processing biological motion per se.
Ultrastructural changes produced by triparanol in Morris 5123 and Novikoff hepatomas. (1967)

Summary Force feeding of large amounts of triparanol to rats bearing transplanted hepatomas results in appearance of myeloid bodies in liver cells and in hepatoma cells. The myeloid bodies are most numerous in liver cells, less abundant in the cells of Morris 5123 hepatoma, and rare in the cells of Novikoff hepatoma. The quantity of myeloid bodies can be correlated with development of endoplasmic reticulum and with duration of treatment.
Compositional model studies: CO/sub 2/-oil displacement mechanisms (1979)

This study presents matches, using a fully compositional model, of the performances of 7 laboratory CO/sub 2/ displacements of a 10-component synthetic oil. The criteria for achieving a match of laboratory performance include comparisons of predicted and experimentally determined oil recovery and effluent compositional profiles, for each component, as functions of hydrocarbon pore volumes of CO/sub 2/ injected. An equation of state was tuned to predict single contact (PVT) phase equilibria for CO/sub 2/-synthetic oil mixtures. The model incorporates this equation of state to predict the multiple contact phase equilibria during a CO/sub 2/ displacement test. To confirm the mechanistic understanding obtained at 120 F, 3 additional laboratory displacements were conducted at 150 F. These encompassed, separately, pressures where the displacement was controlled by an immiscible, a multiple contact miscible, and a contact miscible mechanism. The model results at 150 F match the experimental data and confirm the mechanistic understanding. 11 references.
Distributed Secondary Control for Islanded Microgrids—A Novel Approach (2013)

This paper presents a novel approach to conceive the secondary control in droop-controlled microgrids (MGs). The conventional approach is based on restoring the frequency and amplitude deviations produced by the local droop controllers by using an MG central controller (MGCC). A distributed networked control system is used in order to implement a distributed secondary control (DSC), thus avoiding its implementation in MGCC. The proposed approach is not only able to restore frequency and voltage of the MG but also ensures reactive power sharing. The distributed secondary control does not rely on a central control, so that the failure of a single unit will not produce the fail down of the whole system. Experimental results are presented to show the feasibility of the DSC. The time latency and data drop-out limits of the communication systems are studied as well.
Scaling and Packing on a Chip Multiprocessor (2007)

Power management is critical in server and high-performance computing environments as well as in mobile computing. Many mechanisms have been developed over recent years to support a wide a variety of power management techniques. In particular, general purpose microprocessors now support dynamically modifying the power-performance state through voltage and frequency changes. This development spawned a very important area of this research in dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS). On the other hand, in a multiprocessor environment one can perform power management by offlining and idling processors when computational demand is low in a technique called CPU packing. This paper examines the effect of combining voltage and frequency scaling and CPU packing in a multiprocessor. Furthermore, it examines DVFS on a chip multiprocessor in which multiple processor cores are placed on a single die. This paper shows that in general one should use DVFS first, then CPU packing. Furthermore, we find that the effectiveness of CPU packing is application-dependent: commercial workloads (e.g. Apache) with periods of low utilization can reduce power by as much as 19% via packing, while the improvement to HPC workloads ranges from small to negligible.
Carbohydrate-induced hypertriglyceridemia: modifying factors and implications for cardiovascular risk (2002)

High-carbohydrate/low-fat, isocaloric diets have repeatedly been shown to increase plasma triglyceride concentrations. The present review addresses recent developments relevant to several important unresolved issues. These include the type of dietary carbohydrate that is most likely to induce hypertriglyceridemia, predictors of individual susceptibility, modifiable physiologic factors that may mitigate the plasma triglyceride response, underlying metabolic mechanisms that are responsible for increased plasma triglycerides, and implications of altered serum lipid profiles for atherogenic risk. Although some progress has been made in this field, the central public health issue - the net effect on cardiovascular risk - remains unresolved.