gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of hybridoma growth factor by human monocytes (1987)

Human mononuclear leukocytes produce a growth factor (HGF) for hybridoma and plasmacytoma cells. HGF has recently been proven to be identical to IFN-beta 2, 26-kDa protein and BSF-2. HGF can be quantitated in a proliferation assay with the HGF-dependent hybridoma cell line B13.29. By selection of an extremely sensitive variant of this cell line, we were able to measure HGF production of single cells. Limiting dilution analysis of the producing cells in combination with size, density and adherence characteristics showed that HGF is produced by monocytes and not by lymphocytes. There was no need for the monocytes to be stimulated but the cells did require the presence of serum. This serum requirement could be met by purified bovine serum albumin, but not by other proteins like ovalbumin or human gamma-globulin. HGF production in vitro by monocytes starts after 2 h of incubation and is completed within 24 h.
Expression of L‐type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) as a prognostic and therapeutic indicator in multiple myeloma (2014)

L-type amino-acid transporter 1 (LAT1) plays a key role in cell growth and survival. To determine the prognostic significance of LAT1 in multiple myeloma (MM), we investigated the expression of LAT1 and its functional subunit, 4Fc heavy chain (CD98), on myeloma cells by immunohistochemistry in 100 newly diagnosed MM patients. High expression (moderate or strong staining intensity) of LAT1 and CD98 was detected in 56% and 45% of patients, respectively. The LAT1 expression score was positively correlated with Ki-67 index (r = 0.631, P < 0.001), and there was a statistically significant difference in Durie-Salmon stage between patients with high and low LAT1 expression (P = 0.03). In 43 patients treated with melphalan and prednisolone, the overall response rate was significantly higher in the high LAT1 expression group (60.0%) than in the low LAT1 expression group (17.6%) (P = 0.03). Multivariate analysis confirmed that high expression of LAT1 was a significant prognostic factor for predicting poor overall survival independently from the International Staging System (both P = 0.01). Here, we show that the overexpression of LAT1 is significantly associated with high proliferation and poor prognosis in newly diagnosed MM patients. Thus, LAT1 may be a promising pathological marker for identifying high-risk MM.
Endodontic status of mandibular premolars and molars in Swedish adults. A repeated cross‐sectional study in 1974 and in 1985 (1993)

Abstract The purpose of the study was to find out whether the prevalence of endodontically treated teeth and teeth with apical periodontitis, as observed in the mandibular premolar and molar region., was lower in 1985 compared with 1974 in the adult Swedish population. Another purpose was to determine whether the technical quality of the root fillings had improved between 1974 and 1985. The material examined consisted of periapical radiographs of the mandibular premolar and molar region in 861 of 1;502 people sampled in 1974 and in 586 of 726 people sampled in 1985 both representing an adult Swedish population. The observations in this study of the prevalence of endodontically treated teeth and teeth with apical periodontitis in 1985 and in 1974 indicated a markedly improved endodontic health in the adult Swedish population in the age‐groups under 40 years in 1985 compared with 1974. These findings were in line with observations on the number of intact and restored teeth in the same cross‐sectional samples. Another finding was an improved technical quality of the root fillings in 1985 compared with in 1974. Favourable periapical conditions were observed in teeth with adequately obturated root canals in 1985 as well as in 1974.
Production of β-Defensin Antimicrobial Peptides by the Oral Mucosa and Salivary Glands (1999)

beta-Defensins are cationic peptides with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity that are produced by epithelia at mucosal surfaces. Two human beta-defensins, HBD-1 and HBD-2, were discovered in 1995 and 1997, respectively. However, little is known about the expression of HBD-1 or HBD-2 in tissues of the oral cavity and whether these proteins are secreted. In this study, we characterized the expression of HBD-1 and HBD-2 mRNAs within the major salivary glands, tongue, gingiva, and buccal mucosa and detected beta-defensin peptides in salivary secretions. Defensin mRNA expression was quantitated by RNase protection assays. HBD-1 mRNA expression was detected in the gingiva, parotid gland, buccal mucosa, and tongue. Expression of HBD-2 mRNA was detected only in the gingival mucosa and was most abundant in tissues with associated inflammation. To test whether beta-defensin expression was inducible, gingival keratinocyte cell cultures were treated with interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h. HBD-2 expression increased approximately 16-fold with IL-1beta treatment and approximately 5-fold in the presence of LPS. Western immunoblotting, liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry were used to identify the HBD-1 and HBD-2 peptides in human saliva. Human beta-defensins are expressed in oral tissues, and the proteins are secreted in saliva; HBD-1 expression was constitutive, while HBD-2 expression was induced by IL-1beta and LPS. Human beta-defensins may play an important role in the innate defenses against oral microorganisms.
A Novel Tetanus Neurotoxin-insensitive Vesicle-associated Membrane Protein in SNARE Complexes of the Apical Plasma Membrane of Epithelial Cells (1998)

The importance of soluble N-ethyl maleimide (NEM)-sensitive fusion protein (NSF) attachment protein (SNAP) receptors (SNAREs) in synaptic vesicle exocytosis is well established because it has been demonstrated that clostridial neurotoxins (NTs) proteolyze the vesicle SNAREs (v-SNAREs) vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)/brevins and their partners, the target SNAREs (t-SNAREs) syntaxin 1 and SNAP25. Yet, several exocytotic events, including apical exocytosis in epithelial cells, are insensitive to numerous clostridial NTs, suggesting the presence of SNARE-independent mechanisms of exocytosis. In this study we found that syntaxin 3, SNAP23, and a newly identified VAMP/brevin, tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT)-insensitive VAMP (TI-VAMP), are insensitive to clostridial NTs. In epithelial cells, TI-VAMP-containing vesicles were concentrated in the apical domain, and the protein was detected at the apical plasma membrane by immunogold labeling on ultrathin cryosections. Syntaxin 3 and SNAP23 were codistributed at the apical plasma membrane where they formed NEM-dependent SNARE complexes with TI-VAMP and cellubrevin. We suggest that TI-VAMP, SNAP23, and syntaxin 3 can participate in exocytotic processes at the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells and, more generally, domain-specific exocytosis in clostridial NT-resistant pathways.
Bandwidth Extension for Hierarchical Speech and Audio Coding in ITU-T Rec. G.729.1 (2007)

Recommendation G.729.1 is a new ITU-T standard which was approved in May 2006. This recommendation describes a hierarchical speech and audio coding algorithm built on top of a narrowband core codec. One challenge in the codec design is the generation of a wideband signal with a very limited additional bit rate (less than 2 kb/s). In this paper, we describe the respective codec layer, which extends the transmitted acoustic bandwidth from the narrowband frequency range (50 Hz-4 kHz) to the wideband frequency range (50 Hz-7 kHz). The underlying algorithm uses a fairly coarse parametric description of the temporal and spectral energy envelopes of the high frequency band (4-7 kHz). This parameter set is quantized with a bit rate of 1.65 kb/s. At the decoder side, the high-frequency components are regenerated by appropriately shaping a synthetically generated ldquoexcitation signal.rdquo Apart from the algorithmic description and a discussion, we state a complexity evaluation as well as some listening test results.
C5a structural requirements for neutrophil receptor interaction. (1991)

A number of C5a modifications were tested to determine effects on receptor binding to polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) membrane receptors and triggering of PMNL chemokinesis and myeloperoxidase (MPO) release. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to probe relationships of key C-terminal residues, and suggested a role for additional sites, particularly Lys19-20. A synthetic peptide based on C5a 19-30, weakly inhibited C5a binding. Potency of the C-terminal octapeptide, a full agonist, was markedly improved by a single Phe substitution for His67, and a Phe point mutation at this site was shown to enhance activity of the full recombinant protein.
The structure, biosynthesis and function of glycosylated phosphatidylinositols in the parasitic protozoa and higher eukaryotes (1993)

Research Article| September 01 1993 The structure, biosynthesis and function of glycosylated phosphatidylinositols in the parasitic protozoa and higher eukaryotes M J McConville; M J McConville 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar M A J Ferguson M A J Ferguson 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1993) 294 (2): 305–324. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2940305 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation M J McConville, M A J Ferguson; The structure, biosynthesis and function of glycosylated phosphatidylinositols in the parasitic protozoa and higher eukaryotes. Biochem J 1 September 1993; 294 (2): 305–324. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2940305 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1993 The Biochemical Society, London1993 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Albumin-based drug carriers (1999)

Albumin-based drug carrier systems have been developed in the field of chemotherapy to improve the passive tumor targeting properties of anti-cancer drugs. Usually, serum albumins of different species are used as carrier proteins, mostly of bovine (BSA), human (HSA) or rat (RSA) origin. The resulting albumin conjugates are often tested for anticancer activity in heterologous tumor models. No data is available whether the choice of the albumin species might influence the pharmacokinetics or the tumor uptake rates of the conjugates in vivo. Residualizingly ([111In]DTPA) radiolabeled RSA, BSA or HSA were administered to Walker-256 carcinoma-bearing rats. No significant difference was found in the absolute or the weight-adjusted tumor uptake rates of the three albumin tracers. The tumors were the major catabolic sites accumulating 14-18% of the injected dose (ID). Low hepatic uptake rates were determined for all albumins (below 100% ID). Minor differences were found for hepatic uptake in favor of the autologous RSA (5.8% ID) versus HSA (6.9%) and BSA (8.0%). These differences might have occurred during the commercial preparation or the radiolabeling of the different batches. In addition, there are structural differences between the three albumins, which might have contributed, despite high sequence homologies above 70% for RSA, HSA and BSA. These minor differences in the distribution patterns of RSA, HSA or BSA might not decisively influence the results of drug targeting experiments in rats. For further studies with albumin conjugates, HSA was chosen as drug carrier in rodent animal models when considering later human use. In rats or nude mice multiple injections of various HSA-drug conjugates were well tolerated without signs of allergy or anaphylaxis.
Phylogeography of mitochondrial DNA in western Europe (1998)

For most of the past century, prehistorians have had to rely on the fossil and archaeological records in order to reconstruct the past. In the last few decades, this evidence has been substantially supplemented from classical human genetics. More recently, phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences that incorporate geographical information have provided a high-resolution tool for the investigation of prehistoric demographic events, such as founder effects and population expansions. These events can be dated using a molecular clock when the mutation rate and founder haplotypes are known. We have previously applied such methods to sequence data from the mitochondrial DNA control region, to suggest that most extant mitochondrial sequences in western Europe have a local ancestry in the Early Upper Palaeolithic, with a smaller proportion arriving from the Near East in the Neolithic. Here, we describe a cladistic notation for mitochondrial variation and expand upon our earlier analysis to present a more detailed portrait of the European mitochondrial record.
Performance Characteristics of the BDProbeTec System for Direct Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Respiratory Specimens (1999)

Strand displacement amplification (SDA) technology has been established in a fully automated system known as BDProbeTec. Target sequences of the insertion sequence IS6110 and the 16S rRNA gene are simultaneously amplified, which thus allows the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and, as an additional option, of most Mycobacterium species. Detection occurs via a chemiluminescent microwell assay that employs the simultaneous hybridization and capture of SDA products with a biotinylated capture probe and an alkaline phosphatase detector probe. We have evaluated the performance of the BDProbeTec system in detecting M. tuberculosis complex by testing 799 respiratory specimens and comparing the results to those obtained by conventional diagnostic techniques, i.e. , microscopy and culture (solid and radiometric media). M. tuberculosis was cultivated from 41 specimens, of which 28 (68.4%) were smear positive and 13 (31.6%) were smear negative. The overall sensitivity of the SDA assay was 97.6% (for smear-positive specimens, 100%; for smear-negative specimens, 92.3%), and specificity was 95. 0%. After resolution of the discrepancies by studying the patients' clinical data, sensitivity and specificity were 97.9 and 96.5%, respectively, and positive and negative predictive values were 63.9 and 99.9%, respectively. These preliminary data demonstrate that the BDProbeTec system has promising performance characteristics with respiratory specimens and that it allows the detection of M. tuberculosis complex within hours.
Immunogenicity and Immune-Modulating Properties of Human Stem Cells (2011)

The future use of stem cell-based therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine is regarded as promising. In addition to autologous and allogeneic transplantation procedures, various innovative methods have been designed to generate patient-histocompatible stem cells from which lineage-specific cell progenies could be obtained (reviewed in Nehlin & Barington, 2009). Immunological aspects of the transplanted cells as well as the recipient need to be considered in order to predict the outcome of clinical cell therapies. Undifferentiated stem cells show initially a low degree of immunogenicity leading to weak immune responses when introduced into non-histocompatible hosts. In addition, stem cells possess immune-modulating properties that confer the capacity to withstand a cytotoxic response in a foreign host. The nature and significance of these strategies will be described in detail along this chapter. Many valuable contributions dealing with immunogenicity and immunological tolerance have been possible by means of mouse embryonic and multipotent stem cells. However, this overview will explore in-depth the immunological features and clinical uses of two types of human stem cells, embryonic stem cells (Figure 1) and multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (Figure 2 & 3) that allow them to be considered in transplantation procedures.
The Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide and Formic Acid on Tin and Indium Electrodes (1983)

The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide and formic acid has been studied in aqueous solutions on tin and indium electrodes using a‐c impedance and photoemission techniques. Carbon dioxide reduction to formic acid (or the formate ion) proceeds with high current efficiencies (about 95%) although the overall power efficiency is low due to the high overpotential of the reaction. The reaction mechanism on tin and indium is similar to that postulated on mercury cathodes (17). The reaction rates are higher than on mercury and are affected by adsorption of intermediates and kinetics complications due to side reactions. Reduction of formic acid was only observed on tin cathodes at low current densities. The poor efficiency of this reaction is related to the formation of organometallic complexes on the electrode surface that accelerate the rate of hydrogen evolution.
Hydrogen Bond Acidic Polymers for Surface Acoustic Wave Vapor Sensors and Arrays (1999)

Four hydrogen bond acidic polymers are examined as sorbent layers on acoustic wave devices for the detection of basic vapors. A polysiloxane polymer with pendant hexafluoro-2-propanol groups and polymers with hexafluorobisphenol groups linked by oligosiloxane spacers yield sensors that respond more rapidly and with greater sensitivity than fluoropolyol, a material used in previous SAW sensor studies. Sensors coated with the new materials all reach 90% of full response within 6 s of the first indication of a response. Unsupervised learning techniques applied to pattern-normalized sensor array data were used to examine the spread of vapor data in feature space when the array does or does not contain hydrogen bond acidic polymers. The radial distance in degrees between pattern-normalized data points was utilized to obtain quantifiable distances that could be compared as the number and chemical diversity of the polymers in the array were varied. The hydrogen bond acidic polymers significantly increase the distances between basic vapors and nonpolar vapors when included in the array.
Remarkable Stabilization of M12L24 Spherical Frameworks through the Cooperation of 48 Pd(II)−Pyridine Interactions (2009)

Kinetic studies on the ligand exchange of self-assembled M(12)L(24) spherical complexes demonstrate that the multicomponent self-assembly roughly undergoes three stages. Initially, (i) there are very rapid equilibrations (ms(-1)) among the many components; (ii) as more stable structures are formed, the system equilibrates quickly (s(-1) to min(-1)) among the completed and uncompleted self-assemblies; misassembled structures are presumably corrected at this stage; and finally (iii) very slow equilibration (hours to days) at the final stage after the self-assembly completes, producing the kinetic stability of the whole. The half-lives of the ligand exchange processes in the M(12)L(24) complexes are much longer than those for comparable monodentate Pd(II)-pyridine complexes by a factor of approximately 10(5), suggesting that, once formed, the 36-component molecular spheres behave like covalent componds.
Conformational parameters for amino acids in helical, β-sheet, and random coil regions calculated from proteins (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConformational parameters for amino acids in helical, β-sheet, and random coil regions calculated from proteinsPeter Y. Chou and Gerald D. FasmanCite this: Biochemistry 1974, 13, 2, 211–222Publication Date (Print):January 15, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 January 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00699a001https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00699a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4453Altmetric-Citations1718LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Interaction Between Photodynamic Therapy and BCG Immunotherapy Responsible for the Reduced Recurrence of Treated Mouse Tumors¶ (2001)

Subcutaneous mouse EMT6 tumors were treated by individual or combined regimens of a single Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine administration and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Six clinically relevant photosensitizers characterized by different action mechanisms were used: Photofrin, benzoporphyrin derivative, tetra(m-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (foscan), mono-L-aspartylchlorin e6, lutetium texaphyrin or zinc phthalocyanine. Irrespective of the type of photosensitizer used, the optimized BCG protocols improved the cure rate of PDT-treated tumors. This indicates that the interaction does not take place during the early phase of tumor ablation but at later events involved in preventing tumor recurrence. Beneficial effects on tumor cure were observed even when the BCG injection was delayed to 7 days after PDT. The accumulation of activated myeloid cells that markedly increases in tumors treated by Photofrin-based PDT was not additionally affected by BCG treatment. However, the incidence of immune memory T cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes that almost doubled at 6 days after Photofrin-PDT further increased close to three-fold with adjuvant BCG. This suggests that BCG immunotherapy amplifies the T-lymphocyte-mediated immune response against PDT-treated tumors. Since both these modalities are established for the treatment of superficial bladder carcinomas, use of their combination for this condition should be clinically tested.