gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust speech/non-speech detection using LDA applied to MFCC (2002)

In speech recognition, speech/non-speech detection must be robust to,noise. In the paper, a method for speech/non-speech detection using a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) applied to mel frequency cepstrum coefficients (MFCC) is presented. The energy is the most discriminant parameter between noise and speech. But with this single parameter, the speech/non-speech detection system detects too many noise segments. The LDA applied to MFCC and the associated test reduces the detection of noise segments. This new algorithm is compared to the one based on signal to noise ratio (Mauuary and Monne, 1993).
Emerging drugs for premature ejaculation (2006)

Lifelong premature ejaculation (PE) is a frequent male sexual dysfunction and is thought to be mediated in part by disturbances of serotonergic (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) neurotransmission and ejaculation-mediating 5-HT receptors in the CNS. The aetiology of the dysfunction is unclear, but probably includes neurobiological and environmental factors. Lifelong PE is a syndrome characterised by a cluster of symptoms. Rapid ejaculations become manifest around the first sexual encounters in puberty or adolescence. Intravaginal ejaculation latency time usually occurs within 30-60 s, or maximally within 2 min after vaginal penetration, is present with nearly every sexual partner, and remains similar throughout life or may aggravate during ageing. The syndrome may lead to secondary psychological, sexual and relationship problems. Daily treatment with some selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) leads to strong ejaculation delay, but may be accompanied by side effects. New treatment with SSRIs with a short half-life (if approved) for on-demand use 1-2 h prior to coitus exerts less ejaculation-delaying effects than daily SSRI strategies. Animal studies have shown that strong, immediate ejaculation delay may be induced by the combination of an SSRI with a 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist. The combination of an SSRI and any other compound that immediately strongly raises 5-HT neurotransmission may form the basis for the development of new on-demand drugs to treat PE.
Site-Directed Spin-Labeling of Transmembrane Domain VII and the 4B1 Antibody Epitope in the Lactose Permease of Escherichia coli (1997)

Functional lactose permease mutants containing single Cys residues at positions 233-255 and a biotin acceptor domain at the C terminus were solubilized in dodecyl beta-d-maltopyranoside and purified by avidin affinity chromatography. Each mutant protein was derivatized with a thiol-selective nitroxide reagent and examined by conventional and power saturation electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). The EPR spectral line shapes and the influence of nonpolar O2 or polar potassium chromium oxalate relaxation agents on the saturation behavior of the spin-labeled proteins were measured in order to obtain information on the mobility of the spin-labeled side chains and their accessibility to the relaxation agents, respectively. The results provide evidence that residues Ser233-Asn246 are within the hydrophobic core of the membrane and that Phe247 is at the lipid headgroup-solvent interface. Along with Phe247, Phe250 and Gly254 are also surface-exposed, as indicated by studies on the epitope for monoclonal antibody 4B1 [Sun, J., Wu, J., Carasco, N., and Kaback, H. R. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 990-998]. Furthermore, the nitroxide-labeled intramembrane Cys replacements exhibit variations in mobility and accessibility that are consistent with the conclusion that TM VII is an alpha-helix in contact with surrounding helices in the tertiary structure of the permease.
An overview of serum antibody responses to influenza virus antigens. (2003)

Serum antibody responses after exposure to influenza virus antigens follow expected patterns for protein antigens. Induction of primary responses occurs in organized lymphoid tissues while secondary responses may occur in the periphery; in primary responses, IgM antibody is initially dominant whereas IgG antibody is dominant in secondary responses. Serum antibody responses have been ascribed to the HA, NA, M2, NP, and M1 proteins. Only the HA and NA antibodies have been shown to provide immunity in humans. Anti-HA antibody mediates neutralization and serum IgG anti-HA antibody is the dominant antibody in the lower respiratory tract. Since evidence indicates that most infections are acquired by the airborne route with deposition of virus in the lower respiratory tract, serum IgG anti-HA antibody is the primary mediator of immunity to influenza. Homotypic immunity is high for decades. Both antigenic drift and shift of the surface antigens reduce the effectiveness of antibody to the HA and NA and lead to renewed susceptibility to infection. Nevertheless, heterotypic antibody can convey substantial immunity with the degree dependent upon the extent of cross-reactivity for the infecting virus antigens. While serum anti-HA antibody is the major need for optimal immunity to influenza, a full complement of immune modalities is desirable to ensure maximum immunity.
EDS1 , an essential component of R gene-mediated disease resistance in Arabidopsis has homology to eukaryotic lipases (1999)

A major class of plant disease resistance (R) genes encodes leucine-rich-repeat proteins that possess a nucleotide binding site and amino-terminal similarity to the cytoplasmic domains of the Drosophila Toll and human IL-1 receptors. In Arabidopsis thaliana, EDS1 is indispensable for the function of these R genes. The EDS1 gene was cloned by targeted transposon tagging and found to encode a protein that has similarity in its amino-terminal portion to the catalytic site of eukaryotic lipases. Thus, hydrolase activity, possibly on a lipid-based substrate, is anticipated to be central to EDS1 function. The predicted EDS1 carboxyl terminus has no significant sequence homologies, although analysis of eight defective eds1 alleles reveals it to be essential for EDS1 function. Two plant defense pathways have been defined previously that depend on salicylic acid, a phenolic compound, or jasmonic acid, a lipid-derived molecule. We examined the expression of EDS1 mRNA and marker mRNAs (PR1 and PDF1.2, respectively) for these two pathways in wild-type and eds1 mutant plants after different challenges. The results suggest that EDS1 functions upstream of salicylic acid-dependent PR1 mRNA accumulation and is not required for jasmonic acid-induced PDF1.2 mRNA expression.
A multi-center quality control study of different CA15-3 immunoassays. (2005)

A long-term multi-center quality control study of CA15-3 determinations based on measurements of liquid BIOREF CA15-3 control sera was conducted in 17 participating laboratories. Seven different CA15-3 assays were applied using the appropriate automatic immunoanalyzers. CA15-3 means were determined for BIOREF low, medium and high level control sera. Values were 19.3 +/- 2.7 kU/l, 75.2 +/- 11.4 kU/l and 162.9 +/- 37.1 kU/l, respectively. Inter-assay imprecisions were calculated for each of the controls for each laboratory and for each of the methods, with coefficients of variation (CV) ranging from 2.9-15.5%. As a means of evaluation of assay linearity concentration ratios (high/medium, medium/low, high/low) were calculated and found to be in good agreement with reference values throughout the study. Individual long-term time courses of CA15-3 control measurements provided evidence for variability of test results due to changes in assay calibration. Comparisons with CV data obtained with BIOREF controls 17 years ago demonstrate significant improvements of CA15-3 assay precision in recent years. In conclusion, test-independent reference material can be used for CA15-3 quality control and in particular enables applicants to check for long-term stability of CA15-3 assay performance.
Intrathyroidal lymphocyte subsets, including unusual CD4+CD8+ cells and CD3loTCRαβ1o/-CD4−CD8−cells, in autoimmune thyroid disease (1993)

Intrathyroidal lymphocyte subsets were analysed in 13 euthyroid patients with autoimmune thyroid disease by two-colour flow cytometry and compared with subsets in peripheral blood. In both Graves' and Hashimoto's diseases, proportions of intrathyroidal CD5- B cells were higher than in peripheral blood. The numbers of such cells were correlated with serum levels of anti-thyroid microsomal antibodies. Proportions of T cells bearing alpha beta chains of T cell receptors (TCR alpha beta+ T; T alpha beta) and CD16+CD57+ natural killer (NK) cells were lower in the thyroid, but proportions of CD3hiTCR alpha beta-TCR gamma delta+ (T gamma delta) cells were not different. Proportions of CD4+Leu-8- helper T cells and CD4+CD57+ germinal centre T cells were higher and proportions of CD4+Leu-8+ suppressor-inducer T cells and CD8+CD57+ or CD8+CD11b+ suppressor T cells were lower than in the blood in both diseases. Proportions of CD5+ B cells were high in Graves' disease, and proportions of CD8+CD11b- cytotoxic T cells were high in Hashimoto's disease. Unexpectedly, CD4+CD8+ cells and CD3loTCR alpha beta lo/-CD4-CD8- cells were present in thyroid tissues of both diseases. These findings suggest that: (i) an imbalance in the numbers of regulatory T cells and of NK cells that had appeared in the thyroid resulted in the proliferation of CD5- B cells, which were related to thyroid autoantibody production; (ii) CD5+ B cells and cytotoxic T cells are important for the different pathological features in Graves' and Hashimoto's diseases, respectively; and (iii) intrathyroidal CD4+CD8+ cells and CD3loTCR alpha beta lo/-CD4-CD8- cells may be related to the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease.
Evolution of an Escherichia coli Protein with Increased Resistance to Oxidative Stress (1998)

L-1,2-Propanediol:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase of Escherichia coli is encoded by the fucO gene, a member of the regulon specifying dissimilation of L-fucose. The enzyme normally functions during fermentative growth to regenerate NAD from NADH by reducing the metabolic intermediate L-lactaldehyde to propanediol which is excreted. During aerobic growth L-lactaldehyde is converted to L-lactate and thence to the central metabolite pyruvate. The wasteful excretion of propanediol is minimized by oxidative inactivation of the oxidoreductase, an Fe2+-dependent enzyme which is subject to metal-catalyzed oxidation (MCO). Mutants acquiring the ability to grow aerobically on propanediol as sole carbon and energy source can be readily selected. These mutants express the fucO gene constitutively, as a result of an IS5 insertion in the promoter region. In this study we show that continued selection for aerobic growth on propanediol resulted in mutations in the oxidoreductase conferring increased resistance to MCO. In two independent mutants, the resistance of the protein was respectively conferred by an Ile7 --> Leu and a Leu8 --> Val substitution near the NAD-binding consensus amino acid sequence. A site-directed mutant protein with both substitutions showed an MCO resistance greater than either mutant protein with a single amino acid change.
Deep Temporal Linear Encoding Networks (2017)

The CNN-encoding of features from entire videos for the representation of human actions has rarely been addressed. Instead, CNN work has focused on approaches to fuse spatial and temporal networks, but these were typically limited to processing shorter sequences. We present a new video representation, called temporal linear encoding (TLE) and embedded inside of CNNs as a new layer, which captures the appearance and motion throughout entire videos. It encodes this aggregated information into a robust video feature representation, via end-to-end learning. Advantages of TLEs are: (a) they encode the entire video into a compact feature representation, learning the semantics and a discriminative feature space, (b) they are applicable to all kinds of networks like 2D and 3D CNNs for video classification, and (c) they model feature interactions in a more expressive way and without loss of information. We conduct experiments on two challenging human action datasets: HMDB51 and UCF101. The experiments show that TLE outperforms current state-of-the-art methods on both datasets.
The use of a laboratory school protocol to evaluate concepts about efficacy and side effects of new formulations of stimulant medications (2002)

Recently, new long-acting formulations of racemic methylphenidate (MPH: Ritalin LA, Metadate CD and Concerta) and amphetamine (AMP: Adderall XR) were developed and are now approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In addition, dexmethylphenidate (Focalin), the pharmacologically active d-threo enantiomer of MPH, also was approved by the FDA. In the initial phases of development, prototypes of these five new formulations were evaluated using the University of California, Irvine (UCI) Laboratory School Protocol (LSP), in which surrogate measures of efficacy are collected in highly controlled settings rather than clinical measures of effectiveness in the less-controlled, natural environments of home or school. The LSP studies were followed by large effectiveness and safety studies required for gaining FDA approval. These initial efficacy and side effect studies in the LSP provided missing information about the basic pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of MPH and AMP and produced some new discoveries (i.e., acute tolerance) that were used to help design the final products. The final once-a-day formulations used different drug delivery systems to achieve long-acting efficacy (Ritalin LA, Metadate CD, Concerta, Adderall XR). All four drug delivery systems were based on two processes: first, a bolus delivery (BD) process to achieve rapid onset of efficacy (mg), and second, a controlled delivery (CD) process to achieve rates of delivery (mg/hr) or a delayed bolus (mg) to maintain efficacy. A theoretical approach was used to compare and contrast the new once-a day formulations of MPH by selecting total daily doses (mg/d) that would equate drug delivery by the first process (mg of the initial bolus) and the second process (mg/hr over specified time period). In addition to efficacy, applications of the LSP to measure common side effects related to eating and sleeping were described and discussed.
Effective Population Size and Population Subdivision in Demographically Structured Populations (2002)

A fast-timescale approximation is applied to the coalescent process in a single population, which is demographically structured by sex and/or age. This provides a general expression for the probability that a pair of alleles sampled from the population coalesce in the previous time interval. The effective population size is defined as the reciprocal of twice the product of generation time and the coalescence probability. Biologically explicit formulas for effective population size with discrete generations and separate sexes are derived for a variety of different modes of inheritance. The method is also applied to a nuclear gene in a population of partially self-fertilizing hermaphrodites. The effects of population subdivision on a demographically structured population are analyzed, using a matrix of net rates of movement of genes between different local populations. This involves weighting the migration probabilities of individuals of a given age/sex class by the contribution of this class to the leading left eigenvector of the matrix describing the movements of genes between age/sex classes. The effects of sex-specific migration and nonrandom distributions of offspring number on levels of genetic variability and among-population differentiation are described for different modes of inheritance in an island model. Data on DNA sequence variability in human and plant populations are discussed in the light of the results.
Cardiac-Allograft Vasculopathy (2003)

Vasculopathy of cardiac allografts is a major therapeutic challenge, occurring in 50 percent or more of heart-transplant recipients in the first several years after surgery. Improving survival for these patients will require the use of new strategies to prevent this relentlessly progressive complication. Allograft vasculopathy involves diffuse narrowing and occlusion of the coronary arteries, rather than the more focal lesions of conventional atherosclerosis (see Figure).1 The addition of intravascular ultrasonography to standard coronary angiography increases the sensitivity of the procedure for diagnosis and provides a concentric view of the vessel under study.Events during the first year after transplantation appear . . .
Nicotine‐free and salt‐tolerant tobacco plants obtained by grafting to salinity‐resistant rootstocks of tomato (2005)

In this work we present the first study of the behaviour of tobacco plants, under saline conditions, grafted to salinity‐resistant rootstocks of tomato cultivars. To test the viability and efficiency of this grafting technique in tobacco plants subjected to salinity, we analyse the production of foliar biomass and different quality parameters in this crop. With this aim, Nicotiana tabacum cv. Sevilla (scion) was grafted to two cultivars of Lycopersicum esculentum (rootstocks): cv. Jaguar (Sevilla/Jaguar) and cv. Brillante (Sevilla/Brillante). Furthermore, as controls, tobacco plants of cv. Sevilla were used grafted to themselves (Sevilla/Sevilla) and non‐grafted plants of cv. Sevilla. Plants were grafted by needle graft following the procedure described by Rivero RM, Ruiz JM, Romero L (2002) Role of grafting in horticultural plants, pp 229–254. In the present work, we demonstrate that the graft of tobacco scions with tomato rootstocks is an effective agricultural approach to improve production and quality in tobacco leaves under conditions of saline stress. Our results show that the rootstock of the cv. Brillante best induced salt resistance in tobacco cv. Sevilla, registering the lowest foliar concentrations of Na + and Cl – , the lowest lipid peroxidation and the highest proline and sugar concentrations. Overall, this is reflected in better biomass production of the aerial part of the plant. Finally, it is noteworthy that grafting in tobacco plants to tomato rootstocks essentially eliminates foliar nicotine levels (reduced to 1%). These results are of great importance, as this technique implies a rapid, efficient and natural alternative in increasing tobacco‐leaf quality and thus reducing harmful effects of this alkaloid on the health of smokers.
Robust video signature based on ordinal measure (2005)

We propose a video signature based on an ordinal measure of resampled video frames, which is robust to changing compression formats, compression ratios, frame sizes and frame rates. For effective localization of a short query video clip in a long target video through the proposed video signature, we developed a coarse-to-fine signature comparison scheme. In the coarse searching step, roughly matched positions are determined based on sequence shape similarity, while in the fine searching step, dynamic programming is applied to handle similarity matching in the case of losing frames, and temporal editing processes are employed on the target video. Experiments show that the proposed video signature has good robustness and uniqueness, which are the two essential properties of video signatures.
Optical charge-pumping: A universal trap characterization technique for nanoscale floating body devices (2011)

A universal trap characterization technique for nanoscale floating body devices is demonstrated. It overcomes the limits of conventional charge pumping. Exploiting optically generated carriers, the interface trap density, the energy distribution of interface traps, and the bulk region trap density are extracted directly without additional fabrication techniques or the use of extra test patterns. The proposed technique can provide a trap analysis tool for a study of device reliability regardless of the device structure, material, or dimension.
p53lyn and p56lyn: a new signaling pathway in human endometrium and endometrial adenocarcinomas. (1997)

Our data demonstrate that human cDNA libraries created from different phases of the menstrual cycle can be screened successfully using anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies to identify differentially expressed protein tyrosine kinases. Although p53lyn and p56lyn expression has been thought of as a predominantly lymphoid-specific tyrosine kinase, we show prominent expression of lyn protein and mRNA by normal and malignant epithelium of the human endometrium, suggesting a role in endometrial signaling and human reproduction.
Role of Molecular Architecture in Polymer Diffusion: A PGSE-NMR Study of Linear and Cyclic Poly(ethylene oxide) (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRole of Molecular Architecture in Polymer Diffusion: A PGSE-NMR Study of Linear and Cyclic Poly(ethylene oxide)P. C. Griffiths, P. Stilbs, G. E. Yu, and C. BoothCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 45, 16752–16756Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100045a041https://doi.org/10.1021/j100045a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views412Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene vascular prostheses seeded with enzymatically derived and cultured canine endothelial cells. (1982)

Thirteen adult dogs underwent thoracoabdominal bypass operations with 6 or 10 mm expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts 25 to 30 cm long. Eight experimental grafts were seeded with cultured autologous endothelial cells prior to implantation. Five unseeded grafts served as controls. Endothelial cells, derived from external jugular vein segments using 0.1% trypsin and 0.5% collagenase solutions, were cultivated for 14 days prior to seeding. Grafts were studied at 2 and 4 weeks after implantation. Endothelial linings in control grafts were restricted to limited anastomotic pannus ingrowths, never exceeding 10% of the graft surface. Experimental grafts demonstrated an endothelial surface coverage averaging 64% and 91% at 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. Generation of an early lining of endothelium in expanded PTFE grafts is possible in a canine model using cultured autologous cells.
Electrochemical Enol Ether/Olefin Cross‐Metathesis in a Lithium Perchlorate/Nitromethane Electrolyte Solution (2006)

Electrolytically generated four-membered-ring radical-cation intermediates are involved in the anodic olefin cross-metathesis of enol ethers and olefins in a lithium perchlorate/nitromethane electrolyte solution (see scheme). The reaction mechanism was investigated through deuterium-labeling studies. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z503656_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.