gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A recombinant triplebody with specificity for CD19 and HLA-DR mediates  preferential binding to antigen double-positive cells by dual-targeting (2012)

To test the hypothesis that dual-targeting confers the novel ability of selective binding to antigen double-positive over antigen single-positive cells, a single-chain triplebody (sctb), HLA-ds16-hu19, was produced and characterized. The molecule carries three single-chain Fv (scFv) antibody fragments in a single polypeptide chain, the two distal ones specific for the human histocompatibility protein HLA-DR and the B-lymphoid cell surface protein CD19, the central one for CD16, the human low affinity Fc-receptor FcγRIII. For comparison, the bispecific scFvs (bsscFv) hu19-ds16 and HLA-ds16 were also produced. All CD16 binding modules are disulfide-stabilized (ds). The sctb bound simultaneously to both CD19 and HLA-DR on the same cancer cell and, thus, showed functional dual-targeting. In a mixing-experiment with HLA-DR single-positive HUT-78 cells and (HLA-DR plus CD19) double-positive SEM cells, the triplebody showed preferential binding to the double-positive cells, even when the single-positive cells were present in a numerical excess of up to 20-fold. In antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity experiments with mononuclear cells as effector cells, the sctb promoted equal lysis of Raji cells, an antigen double-positive cell line, at 130-fold lower concentrations than the bsscFv hu19-ds16, indicating that both distal scFvs of the sctb contributed to tumor cell lysis. A panel of stably-transfected HEK293 cell lines was generated that included CD19- and HLA-DR single-positive and (HLA-DR plus CD19) double-positive lines with antigen-surface densities varying over a broad range. Using a pair of cell lines with matching densities, the sctb eliminated double-positive target cells preferentially single-positive cells. This ability of preferential or selective targeting of antigen double-positive over single-positive cells opens attractive new perspectives for the use of dual-targeting sctbs in cancer therapy.
Pertussis toxin promoter sequences involved in modulation (1989)

Previous analysis of the pertussis toxin (PT) promoter has shown that expression of PT requires a trans-activating factor encoded by the vir locus and a 170-base-pair DNA sequence upstream from the transcription start site containing a 21-base-pair direct repeat sequence crucial trans-activation (R. Gross and R. Rappuoli, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:3913-3917, 1988). In this paper we extend the analysis to the modulative response to environmental stimuli. We show that modulation acts at the transcriptional level and occurs only in phase I bacteria. Modulation also requires a functional vir locus and the same promoter region of 170 base pairs. We show that, in addition to the previously identified direct repeat, even the sequences downstream from position -117 are required for trans-activation and modulation and that the deletion of four cytosine residues at position -31 causes the inactivation of the promoter. The kinetics of the change in transcription show that the PT promoter can be shut off very rapidly by adding 50 mM MgSO4 to the medium, whereas resumption of transcription after removal of the modulative agents from the medium is slow.
Magnetic targeting for site-specific drug delivery: applications and clinical potential (2009)

Background: Magnetic vehicles are very attractive for delivery of therapeutic agents as they can be targeted to specific locations in the body through the application of a magnetic field gradient. The magnetic localization of a therapeutic agent results in the concentration of the therapy at the target site consequently reducing or eliminating the systemic drug side effects. Objective: The aim of this review is to provide an update on the progress made in the development of the magnetic targeting technique addressing characteristics of the magnetic carriers and limitations of the current targeting magnet systems. Methods: This review discusses fundamental requirements for the optimal formulation of the magnetic carrier, current applications and potentially new approaches for the magnetically mediated, site-specific localization of therapeutic agents, including drugs, genes and cells. Results/conclusion: More efficient targeting magnetic systems in combination with prolonged circulation lifespan and carriers' surface recognition properties will improve the targeting efficiency of magnetic nanocarriers and enhance therapeutic agent availability at the molecular site of agent action. The main future magnetic targeting applications were categorized emphasizing the most promising directions and possible strategies for improving the magnetic targeting technique.
Holographic switching between single-mode fibers based on electrically addressed nematic liquid-crystal gratings with high deflection accuracy (1998)

Liquid crystals (LC) are frequently used as active holographic elements for beam deflection applications. Thanks to their small response time, ferroelectric liquid crystals are mostly studied for telecommunication applications [ 1 ,2] .However, nematic liquid crystals (NLCs) have a very good technological maturity and easily allow multi-phase level diffractive structures with high diffraction efficiencies [3,5]. Thus, NLCs constitute an attractive option for applications like routing where relatively slow (tens of milliseconds) reconfiguration times are sufficient. Previously, we reported devices operating in the 1.5 tm window, with a diffraction efficiency of 70% for deflection angles up to 4° [61. This communication deals with the design of N x N reconfigurable interconnects using this type of devices. The proposed solution satisfies the two major constraints such system has to fulfill, namely the accurate control of the deflection angle needed when connecting single mode fibres, and the finite precision achievable with electrically addressed holograms. Even though the highest interconnection capacity will be afforded by using two-dimensional deflection, our analysis will mainly focus on onedimensional deflection because the key elements of the systems (arrays of single mode fibres and high resolution NLC spatial light modulator SLM ) are presently easier to realise.
Algorithms for approximate FSM traversal (1993)

Article Algorithms for approximate FSM traversal Share on Authors: Hyunwoo Cho View Profile , Gary D. Hachtel View Profile , Enrico Macii View Profile , Bernard Plessier View Profile , Fabio Somenzi View Profile Authors Info & Claims DAC '93: Proceedings of the 30th international Design Automation ConferenceJuly 1993 Pages 25–30https://doi.org/10.1145/157485.164555Online:01 July 1993Publication History 72citation370DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations72Total Downloads370Last 12 Months3Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Pharmacokinetic Study of Biliary Excretion. II. Comparison of Excretion Behavior in Triphenylmethane Dyes (1971)

In the previous paper, the authors reported the kinetic studies on the factors affecting the biliary excretion with azo dyes and indigoid dye. The further investigation was tried with triphenylmethane dyes in rat. Six triphenylmethane dyes, i.e., Brilliant Blue FCF, Light Green SF, Fast Green FCF, Guinea Green B, Acid Violet 6B and Acid Violet 5B were used. (1) The excretion behaviors were similar to those of azo dyes which had the dose dependency. And the excretion ratios were generally larger than those of azo dyes except Light Green SF and Acid Violet 5B. (2) It was concluded that a sulfonate group beyond other groups had a remarkable effect on the biliary excretion ratio and pattern, and that the position of a sulfonate group as well as the number was important to determine its effect. (3) The possibility of the compartmental analysis for the biliary excretion process was suggested in the excretion pattern of Brilliant Blue FCF.
Chemical nucleases (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical nucleasesDavid S. SigmanCite this: Biochemistry 1990, 29, 39, 9097–9105Publication Date (Print):October 2, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 2 October 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00491a001https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00491a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views480Altmetric-Citations232LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Defining early lineage specification of human embryonic stem cells by the orchestrated balance of canonical Wnt/β-catenin, Activin/Nodal and BMP signaling (2008)

The canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling has remarkably diverse roles in embryonic development, stem cell self-renewal and cancer progression. Here, we show that stabilized expression of beta-catenin perturbed human embryonic stem (hES)-cell self-renewal, such that up to 80% of the hES cells developed into the primitive streak (PS)/mesoderm progenitors, reminiscent of early mammalian embryogenesis. The formation of the PS/mesoderm progenitors essentially depended on the cooperative action of beta-catenin together with Activin/Nodal and BMP signaling pathways. Intriguingly, blockade of BMP signaling completely abolished mesoderm generation, and induced a cell fate change towards the anterior PS progenitors. The PI3-kinase/Akt, but not MAPK, signaling pathway had a crucial role in the anterior PS specification, at least in part, by enhancing beta-catenin stability. In addition, Activin/Nodal and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling synergistically induced the generation and specification of the anterior PS/endoderm. Taken together, our findings clearly demonstrate that the orchestrated balance of Activin/Nodal and BMP signaling defines the cell fate of the nascent PS induced by canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in hES cells.
Frequency-Domain Photon Migration (FDPM) Measurements of Normal and Malignant Cell and Tissue Optical Properties (2006)

A 1 GHz multi-frequency, multi-wavelength FDPM instrument is used to quantitatively measure optical properties of normal and malignant cells and tissues in vitro and in vivo, respectively. A spherical cuvette is developed for characterizing cell suspensions in small-volumes (0.45 mL). Absorption parameters are used to calculate hemoglobin concentration (oxy-, deoxy-, total-) and oxygen saturation in vivo. Scattering parameters are used to compare normal and malignant cells in vitro and evaluate the impact of cell size on the reduced scattering cross-section. Our results show that normal and malignant tissues have clearly resolvable optical and physiological property differences which may be useful in identifying tumors.
Robust guidewire tracking in fluoroscopy (2009)

A guidewire is a medical device inserted into vessels during image guided interventions for balloon inflation. During interventions, the guidewire undergoes non-rigid deformation due to patients' breathing and cardiac motions, and such 3D motions are complicated when being projected onto the 2D fluoroscopy. Furthermore, in fluoroscopy there exist severe image artifacts and other wire-like structures. All these make robust guidewire tracking challenging. To address these challenges, this paper presents a probabilistic framework for robust guidewire tracking. We first introduce a semantic guidewire model that contains three parts, including a catheter tip, a guidewire tip and a guidewire body. Measurements of different parts are integrated into a Bayesian framework as measurements of a whole guidewire for robust guidewire tracking. Moreover, for each part, two types of measurements, one from learning-based detectors and the other from online appearance models, are applied and combined. A hierarchical and multi-resolution tracking scheme is then developed based on kernel-based measurement smoothing to track guidewires effectively and efficiently in a coarse-to-fine manner. The presented framework has been validated on a test set of 47 sequences, and achieves a mean tracking error of less than 2 pixels. This demonstrates the great potential of our method for clinical applications.
La investigación y la gestión cultural de las ciudades (2003)

Es una circunstancia alentadora. Porque si en America Latina ya resulta dificil convencer a las autoridades de los gobiernos centrales sobre la importancia de usar adecuadamente los instrumentos y hallazgos de la investigacion social para el diseno y ejecucion de politicas, mas dificil aun resulta hacerlo en una escala -la de los gobiernos locales y de las ciudadesque generalmente esta marcada por la brevedad de sus periodos de gestion, la fuerte rotacion o variacion de las autoridades y la reiterada discontinuidad entre gobiernos que en la mayoria de los casos se suceden sin lograr consolidar el seguimiento de estrategias y programas de largo plazo. La inclusion de esta mesa en el evento parece dar cuenta de cambios sustanciales en las preocupaciones y los habitos de gestion cultural que sin duda estan ocurriendo tanto en Espana, donde se ha acumulado ya una fuerte tradicion e innovacion en las areas culturales de los gobiernos locales, como en America Latina donde tambien se comienzan a acumular experiencias exitosas.
Anticoagulant sulfated glycosaminoglycans in the tissues of the primitive chordate Styela plicata (Tunicata) (2000)

We performed a biochemical and histochemical study of sulfated glycosaminoglycans in the tissues of the ascidian Styela plicata. A highly sulfated dermatan sulfate and a heparin-like polymer, identified by incubation with specific lyases, occur at different concentrations in intestine, heart, pharynx, and cloak. Dermatan sulfate prevails in the pharynx, whereas the heparin-like polymer abounds in the intestine. Staining of tissues sections with the cationic dye 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue before and after incubation with specific lyases revealed that the dermatan sulfate occurs in the extracellular matrix, while the heparin-like polymer is located within cytoplasmic granules of cells in the lumen of intestine and pharynx. The dermatan sulfate has a similar disaccharide composition in all tissues studied, whereas the heparin-like polymer differs in sulfate content. A direct relationship between sulfate content of the heparin-like polymer and antithrombin activity was observed. Analysis of the repeating disaccharide units of the heparin-like polymer indicates the presence of relatively high amounts of the disulfated disaccharide namely DeltaUA-1-->4-GlcN(SO(4))-(6SO(4)), which may suggest the occurrence in ascidians of regulatory biosynthetic mechanisms different from those observed for heparin in mammals.
Care Patterns and Outcomes for Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes in Nevada (2007)

This study demonstrates substantial differences between Nevada and the national average in patterns of hospital based care in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetic patients in Nevada are more likely to be hospitalized through the emergency department, and more likely to be admitted for a condition related to diabetes. Moreover, in Nevada, Medicaid and uninsured patients with diabetes are more likely to experience adverse outcomes then their privately insured counterparts. These differences may be primarily reflective of variances in access to ambulatory care, care seeking behavior, and availability of health services and facilities. Policies promoting expansion of health care benefits to include coverage for people at risk for type 2 diabetes and strengthening the ambulatory care services network, and system in the state, is necessary to reduce discrepancies in patterns of hospitalization and improve outcomes.
Expression of intermediate filaments in established human lung cancer cell lines. An indicator of differentiation and derivation. (1984)

A panel of established human pulmonary cancer cell lines, representing the major histopathologic groups according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification (WHO 1, squamous cell carcinoma; WHO 2, small cell carcinoma; WHO 3, adenocarcinoma; WHO 4, large cell carcinoma) were examined for their expression of various types of intermediate filaments in order to determine their phenotypic differences and to attempt to disclose their histogenetic origin. The cells were investigated with antibodies specific for cytokeratin, vimentin, and neurofilament polypeptides with both immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoblotting techniques. Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinomas expressed cytokeratin in accordance with the epithelial nature of these tumors but not neurofilament polypeptides. Small cell carcinomas, on the other hand, were positive for neurofilaments but negative for keratin. In contrast to small cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma, one cell line derived from large cell carcinoma appeared to express both neurofilaments and keratin. All cell lines studied also contained variable amounts of vimentin, a phenotypic characteristic obtained by many cells under in vitro conditions. The results demonstrate, in accordance with our earlier observations in vivo, a distinctly divergent expression of intermediate filament proteins in different types of lung cancers. The persistence of this phenotypic heterogeneity in vitro consolidates the use of cell cultures as useful models to study the biologic behavior and interrelationships of lung cancers. Based on the present studies, and taking into account the occurrence of mixed forms of lung cancers, we present a hypothetical scheme of the histogenetic derivation of different types of lung cancers.
File Format for Scalable Video Coding (2007)

This paper describes the file format defined for scalable video coding. Techniques in the file format enable rapid extraction of scalable data, corresponding to the desired operating point. Significant assistance to file readers can be provided, and there is also great flexibility in the ways that the techniques can be used and combined, corresponding to different usages and application scenarios.
Excipients for Oral Liquid Formulations (2006)

Compared to conventional tablets and capsules, oral liquid dosage forms including solutions, syrups, suspensions, elixirs, or concentrates offer unique advantages to many patients. For example, liquids may provide better patient compliance for those with swallowing difﬁculties and better dosage control versus a ﬁxed tablet dose. However, there are also a number of ‘‘challenges’’ surrounding the formulation and development of these forms. This chapter presents a brief description of some of the typical areas of challenges and opportunities for liquid formulations, the market justiﬁcation for overcoming these challenges, and some of the typical excipients used to develop solutions, syrups, and suspensions.
Functional Complementation of Pyran Ring Formation in Actinorhodin Biosynthesis in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) by Ketoreductase Genes for Granaticin Biosynthesis (2001)

A mutation in actVI-ORF1, which controls C-3 reduction in actinorhodin biosynthesis by Streptomyces coelicolor, was complemented by gra-ORF5 and -ORF6 from the granaticin biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces violaceoruber Tü22. It is hypothesized that, while gra-ORF5 alone is a ketoreductase for C-9, gra-ORF6 gives the enzyme regiospecificity also for C-3.
Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering: Summary (1997)

This article summarizes presentations and discussion at the workshop "Enabling Biomaterial Technology for Tissue Engineering," which was held during the Fifth World Biomaterials Congress in May 1996. Presentations covered the areas of material substrate architecture, barrier effects, and cellular response, including analysis of biomaterials challenges involved in producing specific tissue-engineered products.
An On-Board Calibration Scheme for Map-Based Combustion Phase Control of Spark-Ignition Engines (2017)

To improve the transient-state combustion phase control performance and adapt to the shift of engine dynamics, this paper presents an on-board calibration scheme to control the combustion phase of spark-ignition (SI) engines. First, taking a crank angle of 50% of the mass fraction burnt (CA50) as the combustion phase indicator, the relationship between CA50 and SA is studied, and the influences of two other important factors, engine speed and load, are regarded, as the parameters need calibration or update. Second, a bilinear interpolation algorithm is employed to depict the polynomial influence function of speed and load on CA50, which is also used for the CA50 control later. Then, the on-board calibration issue is converted to a parameters identification problem, and a stochastic gradient descent algorithm is utilized to identify model parameters by iterative updates, which reduces computational complexity and the use of memory space for the embedded control system. Finally, the proposed strategy is verified on a gasoline SI engine and is applied to the combustion phase control in the feedforward channel, which can significantly improve the performance at a transient-state operating condition.
Coherent Two-Dimensional Optical Spectroscopy (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCoherent Two-Dimensional Optical SpectroscopyMinhaeng ChoView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Center for Multidimensional Spectroscopy, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea, and Multidimensional Spectroscopy Laboratory, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 136-713, Korea Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 4, 1331–1418Publication Date (Web):March 26, 2008Publication History Received16 October 2007Published online26 March 2008Published inissue 1 April 2008https://doi.org/10.1021/cr078377bCopyright © 2008 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views9997Altmetric-Citations677LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (6 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Amides,Infrared light,Infrared spectroscopy,Molecular structure,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts