gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CARDIOPULMONARY CONSEQUENCES OF PYROGEN-INDUCED HYPERPYREXIA IN MAN* (1963)

The physiologic consequences of hyperpyrexia attracted considerable interest when artificially-induced fever was a popular therapeutic maneuver (1-10). Although induced hyperpyrexia has lapsed from therapeutic favor, the effects of body temperature elevation in response to infection, en-vironmental factors, or pyrogenic drugs remain a source of concern, especially in patients with cardiac or pulmonary dysfunction. Prior investigations have indicated that fever, whether induced by external heating or pyrogen injection, is accompanied by significant cardiac and peripheral hemodynamic alterations in both animals and man (1-4, 10, 11). However, data concerning respiratory gas exchange, pulmonary hemodynamics, and arterial blood gas composition in hyperpyrexia are rather fragmentary and incon-clusive (7-9, 12-17). The purpose of this study was to evaluate si-multaneously the changes in body temperature, pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics, respira-tory gas exchange, and arterial blood gas com-position that occur in normal subjects after the intravenous injection of a pyrogenic lipopolysac-charide extract of gram-negative bacilli. Since prior studies in man have not included cardiac catheterization and detailed measurement of re-spiratory function, it was felt that an investigation using the techniques now available would shed further light upon the cardiopulmonary conse-quences of the pyrogenic reaction in man. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten male subj ects ranging from 33 to 74 years of age (mean 45.6) were studied. All were free of cardiac and pulmonary disease by clinical and routine laboratory criteria. All subjects were studied in the morning after
Incremental reconfiguration for pipelined applications (2002)

This paper examines the implementation of pipelined applications using run-time reconfiguration. Throughput and latency of pipelined applications can be significantly improved when reconfiguration is performed at the level of individual pipeline stages, as opposed to configuration of the entire FPGA. If reconfiguration and execution can be performed simultaneously, the performance of a pipelined application approaches its theoretical maximum. This paper proposes a new FPGA configuration mechanism, called striping, that supports pipeline stage reconfiguration and simultaneous configuration and execution. Additionally, the use of the pipeline stage as the atomic unit of reconfiguration introduces a design abstraction that enables the development families of upwardly-compatible FPGAs and virtual hardware design.
Linear and Branched Bicin Linkers for Releasable PEGylation of Macromolecules:  Controlled Release in Vivo and in Vitro from Mono- and Multi-PEGylated Proteins (2006)

The utility of PEGylation for improving therapeutic protein pharmacology would be substantially expanded if the authentic protein drugs could be regenerated in vivo. Diminution of kinetic constants of both enzymes and protein ligands are commonly encountered following permanent bioconjugation with poly(ethylene glycol) polymers. In further development of releasable linker technology, we investigated an amino PEG anchimeric prodrug system, based on either the linear or branched bicin3 (BCN3) linkage, one promising representative of several aliphatic ester structures synthesized from N-modifed bis-2-hydroxyethylglycinamide (bicin). Protein models included an enzyme, lysozyme, and a receptor ligand, interferon-beta-1b, for preparation of linear or branched mono- and multi-PEGylated conjugates as inactive PEG-BCN3 prodrugs. The kinetics of protein release, both in plasma (in vitro) and in mice (in vivo), correlated with the number of PEG attachments, and the plasma half-lives of PEG release spanned a duration of hours to days within the therapeutically relevant window. Capillary electrophoresis, SDS-PAGE, mass determination, and enzymatic and antiviral activity determinations demonstrated regeneration of equivalent native proteins from the inactive PEG-BCN3 conjugates. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the PEGylated interferon-beta-1b administered subcutaneously in mice demonstrated an over 20-fold expansion of the area under the curve exposure of bioactive protein when compared to native protein.
Replication of baculovirus DNA (1995)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Anodic Coupling Reactions: The Use of N,O‐Ketene Acetal Coupling Partners. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Tenzing a SQL implementation on the MapReduce framework (2011)

Tenzing is a query engine built on top of MapReduce [9] for ad hoc analysis of Google data. Tenzing supports a mostly complete SQL implementation (with several extensions) combined with several key characteristics such as heterogeneity, high performance, scalability, reliability, metadata awareness, low latency, support for columnar storage and structured data, and easy extensibility. Tenzing is currently used internally at Google by 1000+ employees and serves 10000+ queries per day over 1.5 petabytes of compressed data. In this paper, we describe the architecture and implementation of Tenzing, and present benchmarks of typical analytical queries.
Content-Based Book Recommending Using Learning for Text Categorization (1999)

Recommender systems improve access to relevant products and information by making personalized suggestions based on previous examples of a user's likes and dislikes. Most existing recommender systems use social filtering methods that base recommendations on other users' preferences. By contrast, content-based methods use information about an item itself to make suggestions. This approach has the advantage of being able to recommended previously unrated items to users with unique interests and to provide explanations for its recommendations. We describe a content-based book recommending system that utilizes information extraction and a machine-learning algorithm for text categorization. Initial experimental results demonstrate that this approach can produce accurate recommendations.
Deletion mapping of a locus on human chromosome 22 involved in the oncogenesis of meningioma. (1987)

The genotypes were analyzed at 11 polymorphic DNA loci (restriction fragment length alleles) on chromosome 22 in tumor and normal tissue from 35 unrelated patients with meningiomas. Sixteen tumors retained the constitutional genotype along chromosome 22, while 14 tumors (40%) showed loss of one constitutional allele at all informative loci, consistent with monosomy 22 in the tumor DNA. The remaining 5 tumors (14%) showed loss of heterozygosity in the tumor DNA at one or more chromosome 22 loci and retained heterozygosity at other loci, consistent with variable terminal deletions of one chromosome 22 in the tumor DNA. The results suggest that a meningioma locus is located distal to the myoglobin locus, within 22q12.3-qter. Multiple loci on other chromosomes also were studied, and 12 of the 19 tumors with losses of chromosome 22 alleles showed additional losses of heterozygosity at loci on one to three other chromosomes. All tumors that retained the constitutional genotype on chromosome 22 also retained heterozygosity at all informative loci on other chromosomes analyzed, suggesting that the rearrangement of chromosome 22 is a primary event in the tumorigenesis of meningioma.
The dipeptide permease of Escherichia coli closely resembles other bacterial transport systems and shows growth‐phase‐dependent expression (1994)

The dipeptide permease (Dpp) of Escherichia coli transports peptides consisting of two or three L-amino acids. The periplasmic dipeptide-binding protein (DBP), encoded by the dppA gene, also serves as a chemoreceptor. We sequenced the dpp locus, which comprises an operon of five genes, dppABCDE. Its organization is the same as the oligopeptide permease (opp) operon of Salmonella typhimurium and the spo0K operon of Bacillus subtilis. The dpp genes are also closely related to the hbpA gene, which encodes a haem-binding lipoprotein, and four other genes in an unlinked operon of unknown function in Haemophilus influenzae. Each Dpp protein has an Opp, Spo0K and H. influenzae homologue. Transcription of the dpp operon initiates 165 bases upstream of the predicted dppA start codon. The start site for transcription is preceded by potential -35 and -10 regions of a sigma 70 promoter. During exponential growth in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth, the level of dpp mRNA increases in two steps, one between A590 0.2 and 0.4 and one between A590 0.7 and 1.0. The 310 nucleotides between dppA and dppB include a RIP (repetitive IHF-binding palindromic) element, whose deletion from a multi-copy plasmid causes fivefold and 10-fold reductions in the levels of upstream and downstream dpp mRNA, respectively.
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF FLUOXETINE, SERTRALINE AND CLOMIPRAMINE IN PATIENTS WITH PREMATURE EJACULATION: A DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO CONTROLLED STUDY (1998)

In men with premature ejaculation clomipramine was the most useful drug in terms of efficacy. Treatment with sertraline was nearly as effective and had a lower incidence of side effects.
Enteroendocrine-derived glucagon-like peptide-2 controls intestinal amino acid transport (2017)

These findings reveal an important role for GLP-2R signaling in the physiological and pharmacological control of enteral amino acid sensing and assimilation, defining an enteroendocrine cell-enterocyte axis for optimal energy absorption.
Genistein treatment protects mice from ionizing radiation injury (2003)

The radioprotective and behavioral effects of an acute administration of the isoflavone genistein (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone) were investigated in adult CD2F1 male mice. Mice were administered a single subcutaneous (s.c.) dose of genistein either 24 h or 1 h before a lethal dose of gamma radiation (9.5-Gy of cobalt-60 at 0.6 Gy min(-1)). Mice received saline, PEG-400 vehicle or genistein at 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, or 400 mg kg(-1) body weight. For mice treated 24 h before irradiation there was a significant increase in 30-day survival for animals receiving genistein doses of 25 to 400 mg kg(-1) (p<0.001). In contrast, the 30-day survival rates of mice treated with genistein 1 h before irradiation were not significantly different from those of the vehicle control group. Additionally, the acute toxicity of genistein was evaluated in non-irradiated male mice administered a single s.c. injection of saline, vehicle, or genistein at 100, 200 or 400 mg kg(-1). At these genistein doses there were no adverse effects, compared with controls, on locomotor activity, grip strength, motor coordination, body weight, testes weight, or histopathology. These results demonstrate that a single s.c. administration of the flavonoid genistein at non-toxic doses provides protection against acute radiation injury.
Increased soluble guanylate cyclase activity in the red blood cells of sickle cell patients (2004)

Activation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) has been reported to up-regulate gamma-globin gene transcription in erythroid cell lines and primary erythroblasts. sGC is activated by nitric oxide (NO), subsequently catalysing the conversion of guanosine triphosphate to cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which mediates various physiological responses. To study the importance of this mechanism in the erythroid cells of sickle cell patients, cGMP levels were measured in the red blood cells (RBC) of normal individuals, steady-state sickle cell patients (SS) and SS patients on hydroxyurea (HU) therapy (SS + HU). cGMP levels were found to be significantly higher in RBC of SS patients (SS RBC) than in RBC of normal individuals, and were further increased in RBC of SS + HU patients. cGMP levels correlated with fetal haemoglobin (HbF) levels in SS/SS + HU patients, but not with reticulocyte count. Furthermore, NO-stimulated sGC activity, following incubation of cells with a NO donor, was significantly greater in SS RBC than in normal RBC. These results demonstrate, for the first time, an increased metabolism of NO mediated by sGC in the SS RBC, which is further increased by hydroxyurea. Augmentation of cGMP levels by NO in erythroid cells may constitute a mechanism for induction of HbF and other erythrocyte functions and represent a possible therapeutic target for treatment of sickle cell disease.
Invasive pneumococcal pneumonia is the major cause of paediatric haemolytic‐uraemic syndrome in Taiwan (2011)

ABSTRACT: Aim: Streptococcus pneumoniae ‐associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome (SP‐HUS) is a major concern of paediatric acute renal failure in Taiwan; it leads to significant morbidity and mortality during the acute phase and to long‐term morbidity after an acute episode. Methods: Twenty children diagnosed with HUS between 1 May 1995, and 31 December 2008 was enrolled. Clinical variables related to laboratory data, organ involved, and outcomes were examined between patients with and without SP‐HUS. Results: Thirteen of the 20 (13/20, 65%) patients required dialysis, nine (9/20, 45.0%) developed hepatic dysfunction, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), gastrointestinal bleeding, and hypertension, respectively. They were the second most common extrarenal complication except empyema (11/20, 55%). Two (10%) died and seven (35%) of the survivors developed long‐term renal morbidity. Twelve of the 20 patients (60%) were diagnosed with SP‐HUS. Younger age, female children, higher white blood cell count, higher alanine transaminase, higher lactate dehydrogenase and high incidence of DIC were significantly common in SP‐HUS cases. All SP‐HUS cases were complicated with pleural effusion, empyema, or both. Positive Thomsen‐Freidenreich antigen (T‐Ag) activation was 83% sensitive and 100% specific for SP‐HUS, and a positive direct Coombs' test was 58% sensitive and 100% specific. Conclusion: Invasive pneumococcal infection is the most common cause of HUS in Taiwan. Positive T‐Ag activation and a direct Coombs' test are rapid predictors of SP‐HUS in children with invasive pneumonia.
Phoscorites and Carbonatites from Mantle to Mine: the Key Example of the Kola Alkaline Province.: Edited by F. Wall and A.N. Zaitsev. The Mineralogical Society Book Series, Volume 10. 2004. 89 (price for member of the Society: 62). ISBN 0 903956 22 4. (2005)

The first reaction of many who come across this book will be “so what’s a phoscorite?” The name does not spring readily to the lips even of those who study alkaline rocks, whereas others might dismiss it as yet another of those obscure type-locality names for some rare rock-type and of little
Identification of functional domains on human interleukin 10 (1997)

Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a recently described natural endogenous immunosuppressive cytokine that has been identified in human, murine, and other organisms. Human IL-10 (hIL-10) has high homology with murine IL-10 (mIL-10) as well as with an Epstein-Barr virus genome product BCRFI. This viral IL-10 (vIL-10) shares a number of activities with hIL-10. IL-10 significantly affects chemokine biology, because human IL-10 inhibits chemokine production and is a specific chemotactic factor for CD8+ T cells. It suppresses the ability of CD4+ T cells, but not CD8+ T cells, to migrate in response to IL-8. A nonapeptide (IT9302) with complete homology to a sequence of hIL-10 located in the C-terminal portion (residues 152-160) of the cytokine was found to possess activities that mimic some of those of hIL-10. These are: (i) inhibition of IL-1beta-induced IL-8 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cell, (ii) inhibition of spontaneous IL-8 production by cultured human monocytes, (iii) induction of IL-1 receptor antagonistic protein production by human monocytes, (iv) induction of chemotactic migration of CD8+ human T lymphocytes in vitro, (v) desensitization of human CD8+ T cells resulting in an unresponsiveness toward rhIL-10-induced chemotaxis, (vi) suppression of the chemotactic response of CD4+ T human lymphocytes toward IL-8, (vii) induction of IL-4 production by cultured normal human CD4+ T cells, (viii) down-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by CD8+ T cells, and (ix) inhibition of class II major histocompatibility complex antigen expression on IFN-gamma-stimulated human monocytes. Another nonapeptide (IT9403) close to the NH2-terminal part of hIL-10 did not reveal cytokine synthesis inhibitory properties, but proved to be a regulator of mast cell proliferation. In conclusion, we have identified two functional domains of IL-10 exerting different IL-10 like activities, an observation that suggests that relatively small segments of these signal proteins are responsible for particular biological functions.
Does liver transplantation affect growth pattern in alagille syndrome? (2000)

Alagille syndrome (AGS) is frequently associated with growth failure, which has been attributed to concurrent congenital anomalies, cholestasis, and malabsorption and/or malnutrition. However, the underlying cause of the growth failure is not well understood. Our objective is to analyze the growth pattern in 26 patients with AGS and the possible effect that orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) may have on this pattern. The standardized height, weight, and growth velocity of 26 pair-matched patients with AGS were compared. Thirteen patients underwent OLT. Repeated-measure ANOVA methods were used for the statistical analysis. The overall mean standardized height (z score) was -2.92 in the OLT group versus -1.88 in the non-OLT group (P =.03). The overall mean standardized weight was -1. 21 in the non-OLT group and -1.67 in the OLT group (P =.23). In 15 patients, birth weight was 2.82 +/- 0.4 kg, for a mean standardized weight of -0.95, and weight at diagnosis was 4.53 +/- 2.12 kg, for a mean standardized weight of -1.56. Bone age was delayed in the 9 patients who underwent bone-age analysis. Growth hormone therapy administered to 2 patients did not improve growth. Patients with AGS had growth failure secondary to other factors in addition to liver disease. Growth failure beginning in the prenatal period supports a genetic basis for this feature. Growth improvement up to normal levels should not be expected as a benefit of OLT in these patients. Growth failure as a primary indication for OLT should be cautiously examined in patients with AGS.
Transduction of human embryonic stem cells by ecotropic retroviral vectors (2006)

The steadily increasing availability of human embryonic stem (hES) cell lines has created strong interest in applying available tools for gene transfer in murine cells to human systems. Here we present a method for the transduction of hES cells with ecotropic retroviral vectors. hES cells were transiently transfected with a construct carrying the murine retrovirus receptor mCAT1. Subsequently, the cells were exposed to replication-deficient Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMuLV) derivatives or pseudotyped lentiviral vectors. With oncoretroviral vectors, this procedure yields overall transduction efficiencies of up to 20% and permits selection of permanently transduced clones with high frequency. Selected clones maintained expression of pluripotency-associated markers and exhibited multi-germ layer differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. HES cell-derived somatic cells including neural progeny maintained high levels of transgene expression. Lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with the MoMuLV envelope could be introduced in the same manner with efficiencies of up to 33%. Transgene expression of lentivirally transduced hES cells remained permanent after differentiation even without selection pressure. Bypassing the regulatory issues associated with the use of amphotropic retroviral systems and exploiting the large pool of existing murine vectors, this method provides a safe and versatile tool for gene transfer and lineage analysis in hES cells and their progeny.
Immaturity of the human splenic marginal zone in infancy. Possible contribution to the deficient infant immune response. (1989)

The immune response to polysaccharide Ag as present in the capsule of certain virulent bacteria has been demonstrated to be related to a functionally intact spleen. This immune response is almost completely defective in infancy. Because of this the development of cellular compartments in the human spleen was studied immunohistologically in frozen and paraffin tissue sections of 32 infant spleens (less than 2 y of age) and 6 spleens from children. Six cases of sudden infant death syndrome and 7 cases of infection or sepsis which were included showed no significant differences compared to the other cases. Whereas all other cellular compartments have completed their maturation to an adult-type immunophenotype and morphology within the first 5 mo, the infant marginal zone B cells show essentially different features compared to the adult situation. The main characteristics of the infant marginal zone B cells are the absence of CD21-(C3d/EBV-R) expression and the high percentage of cells strongly coexpressing IgM and IgD. As the marginal zone is supposed to be the site of the initiation of the immune response to polysaccharide Ag, there is a remarkable coincidence between the first appearance of MZ B cells with adult features, and the time of acquisition of the ability to mount an immune response to polysaccharides, including encapsulated bacteria.
Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension in the Community (2013)

STATEMENTOF PURPOSE: These guidelines have been written to provide a straightforward approach to managing hypertension in the community. We have intended that this brief curriculum and set of recommendations be useful not only for primary care physicians and medical students, but for all professionals who work as hands-on practitioners. We are aware that there is a great variability in access to medical care among communities. Even in so-called wealthy countries, there are sizable communities in which economic, logistic, and geographic issues put constraints on medical care. And, at the same time, we are been reminded that even in countries with highly limited resources, medical leaders have assigned the highest priority to supporting their colleagues in confronting the growing toll of devastating strokes, cardiovascular events, and kidney failure caused by hypertension. Our goal has been to give sufficient information to enable healthcare practitioners, wherever they are located, to provide professional care for people with hypertension. All the same, we recognize that it will often not be possible to carry out all of our suggestions for clinical evaluation, tests, and therapies. Indeed, there are situations in which the most simple and empirical care for hypertension-simply distributing whatever antihypertensive drugs might be available to people with high blood pressure-is better than doing nothing at all. We hope that we have allowed sufficient flexibility in this statement to enable responsible clinicians to devise workable plans for providing the best possible care of hypertension in their communities. We have divided this brief document into the following sections: 1. General introduction, 2. Epidemiology, 3. Special issues with black patients (African ancestry), 4. How is hypertension defined?, 5. How is hypertension classified?, 6. Causes of hypertension, 7. Making the diagnosis of hypertension, 8. Evaluating the patient, 9. Physical examination, 10. Tests, 11. Goals of treating hypertension, 12. Nonpharmacologic treatment of hypertension, 13. Drug treatment of hypertension, 14. Brief comments on drug classes, 15. Treatment-resistant hypertension.