gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Secretion of apolipoproteins A-I and B by HepG2 cells: regulation by substrates and metabolic inhibitors. (1995)

It was the aim of this study to i) compare the effects of glucose and other hexoses with that of oleate on secretion of apolipoproteins (apos) A-I and B by HepG2 cells, and ii) document the effect of various metabolic inhibitors on the secretion of these apos in the absence or presence of extra glucose/oleate. i) The addition of 10 mM glucose increased secretion of apoA-I and apoB, as measured by enzyme immunoassay, by about 60% when cells were incubated for 48 h in DMEM + 10% fetal calf serum. The addition of extra glucose also increased the mRNA levels for these apos. Increased radioactivity was also found in these apolipoproteins by immunoprecipitation after metabolic labeling with [35S]methionine for 48 h. However, in a pulse-chase experiment (15 min labeling, 2 h chase), glucose was found to increase apoA-I synthesis but not apoB synthesis. More labeled apoB appeared in the medium during the chase because glucose inhibited its intracellular degradation. The effect of glucose on secretion of these apos could be mimicked by fructose and mannose but not by 6-deoxyglucose, showing that the hexoses must enter the cells and be phosphorylated. In contrast, the addition of 0.5 mM oleate had a weak inhibitory effect on secretion of apoA-I whereas it increased the secretion of apoB by more than twofold. The combination of 10 mM glucose and 0.5 mM oleate had no greater effect than glucose alone on apoA-I secretion but increased apoB secretion by fourfold. ii) Inhibiting glycolysis (by glucosamine) lowered secretion of both apoA-I and apoB, while inhibiting lipogenesis (using 8-Br-cyclic AMP or 5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furancarboxylic acid (TOFA)) did not affect apoA-I secretion but clearly decreased that of apoB. However, the inhibitory effect of TOFA on apoB secretion was much smaller in the presence of 0.5 mM oleate instead of extra glucose. Actinomycin-D and cycloheximide strongly suppressed the stimulatory effect of glucose on secretion of both apolipoproteins. Actinomycin-D also suppressed basal secretion of apoA-I but surprisingly stimulated that of apoB. These observations indicate that in HepG2 cells secretion of apoA-I is strongly dependent on ongoing protein synthesis and can be boosted by glucose, whereas that of apoB is primarily driven by internal (via lipogenesis from glucose) or external supply of fatty acyl-residues.
Quantification of Hepatic Steatosis with 3-T MR Imaging: Validation inob/obMice (2009)

MR imaging can be used to accurately quantify fat in vivo in an animal model of hepatic steatosis and may serve as a quantitative biomarker of hepatic steatosis.
2-Lithiated-2-phenyloxetane: a new attractive synthon for the preparation of oxetane derivatives (2011)

A valuable and direct method to access 2-substituted-2-phenyloxetanes by electrophilic quenching of the corresponding 2-lithiated derivative has, for the first time, been described. 2-Lithiated-2-phenyloxetane was found to be configurationally unstable. Evidence is presented to show that electron-transfer processes are also operative in the coupling reactions with electrophiles.
Entanglement-Seeded-Dual Optical Parametric Amplification: Applications to Quantum Communication, Imaging, and Metrology (2008)

We theoretically investigate an optical scheme consisting of two optical parametric amplifiers seeded with a maximally path entangled input state. The resulting output contains a variety of entangled states that have applications to quantum cryptography, lithography, and metrology. We also find that the maximum likely output state may be shifted away from the vacuum for various optical parametric amplifier gain values.
Changes with Age in Levels of Serum Gonadotropins, Prolactin, and Gonadal Steroids in Prepubertal Male and Female Rats (1975)

Radioimmunological determination of serum LH, FSH, and estradiol concentrations in prepubertal female rats demonstrates the temporal coincidence of increased serum levels of these hormones between days 9 and 21. Serum FSH and estradiol levels are continuously high during that time, whereas interindividual fluctuations in LH levels were enormous. No high LH, FSH, and estradiol levels were observed between day 21 and puberty, during which time serum prolactin and progesterone gradually increased. Serum testosterone in the female immature rats stayed uniformly low. It is suggested that increased serum estradiol levels in the presence of low prolactin levels (between day 10 and 20) act in a positive feedback fashion on the CNS-pituitary axis. The resulting increased gonadotropin levels are later (between day 20 and puberty) decreased by an inhibitory action of prolactin and/or progesterone on pituitary gonadotropin release. In male rats serum FSH and prolactin, which were low during the first 3 weeks, increased later to reach high levels during puberty. Serum LH was slightly elevated during the 2nd and 3rd week of life at which time serum progesterone also increased to reach the highest levels in the prepubertal period. Serum testosterone was higher in male than in female rats for the first 3 weeks of life; the difference between both sexes was significant but not striking. Between day 21 and the prepubertal period the testosterone levels were relatively low, but they increased again during puberty. Sex differences in androgen levels (measured with a less specific antibody) were more pronounced whereas estradiol levels in males showed the same pattern between birth and puberty as in the female littermates. These results suggest that not only testosterone but also other, not yet identified, androgens may be involved in the masculinzation of the brain.
99mTc- and 111In-labeled alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone peptides as imaging probes for primary and pulmonary metastatic melanoma detection. (2007)

The favorable tumor imaging properties of (99m)Tc-(Arg(11))CCMSH and (111)In-DOTA-Re(Arg(11))CCMSH highlighted their potential as novel probes for primary and metastatic melanoma detection.
HEMOCHROMATOSIS AND FATTY LIVER DISEASE: BUILDING EVIDENCE FOR INSULIN RESISTANCE IN BOTTLENOSE DOLPHINS (TURSIOPS TRUNCATUS) (2012)

Bottlenose dolphin, fatty liver disease, hemochromatosis, hemosiderosis, hepatic lipidosis, hepatitis, Tursiops truncatus.
Activation of the Unfolded Protein Response Occurs at All Stages of Atherosclerotic Lesion Development in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice (2005)

UPR activation occurs at all stages of atherosclerotic lesion development. The additional finding that macrophage apoptosis did not correlate with UPR activation and FC accumulation in early-lesion-resident macrophages suggests that activation of other cellular mediators and/or pathways are required for apoptotic cell death.
Tandem duplication of the proviral DNA in an avian sarcoma virus-transformed quail clone (1981)

Previous study has shown that an avian sarcoma virus-transformed quail clone, Q-B77-11, apparently contains full-size proviral DNA and releases virus particles which contain polymerase activity, but are unable to form foci. Recently, we have found that after extended tissue culture of Q-B77-11, the predominant cell type changed from one in which there was a single copy of the integrated viral DNA to one with two copies in tandem. There was approximately one copy of the large terminal redundancy between these two tandem proviruses. Polyadenylic acid-containing RNA species of twice the size of the viral genome were detected in these cells and are interpreted as transcripts of the tandem provirus.
Polar and Nonpolar Interactions in Adhesion (1973)

Abstract Equations for polar and nonpolar interactions across the interface are developed by using energy additivity concept in a semi-continuum model. Interfacial and surface tensions of molten polymers are measured directly and used to test the resulting equations: The first expression may be called the harmonic-mean equation preferred for low energy systems such as organic liquids, water, polymers, and organic pigments. The second may be called the geometric-harmonic-mean equation preferred for high energy systems such as mercury, glass, metal oxides and graphite. The third may be called the geometric mean equation which is found unsatisfactory. The harmonic-mean equation is used to obtain the “optimum” wettability condition for adhesion. The importance of polar interactions and matching of the polarity are analyzed and emphasized.
Sacral neuromodulation: long-term outcome and quality of life in patients with faecal incontinence (2010)

Initial improvement in continence with SNM was sustained in the majority of patients, with an overall success rate of 80% after a permanent implant at 7 years.
Predictive and Prognostic Analysis of PIK3CA Mutation in Stage III Colon Cancer Intergroup Trial (2013)

Overall tumor PIK3CA mutation status is not associated with stage III colon cancer prognosis. PIK3CA mutation does not appear to serve as a predictive tumor molecular biomarker for response to irinotecan-based adjuvant chemotherapy.
Functional entry of dengue virus into Aedes albopictus mosquito cells is dependent on clathrin-mediated endocytosis (2008)

Entry of dengue virus 2 (DENV-2) into Aedes albopictus mosquito C6/36 cells was analysed using biochemical and molecular inhibitors, together with confocal and electron microscopy observations. Treatment with monodansylcadaverine, chlorpromazine, sucrose and ammonium chloride inhibited DENV-2 virus yield and protein expression, whereas nystatin, a blocker of caveolae-mediated endocytosis, did not have any effect. Using confocal microscopy, co-localization of DENV-2 E glycoprotein and the marker protein transferrin was observed at the periphery of the cytoplasm. To support the requirement of clathrin function for DENV-2 entry, overexpression of a dominant-negative mutant of Eps15 in C6/36 cells was shown to impair virus entry. The disruption of actin microfilaments by cytochalasin D also significantly affected DENV-2 replication. In contrast, microtubule disruption by colchicine treatment did not impair DENV-2 infectivity, suggesting that DENV-2 does not require transport from early to late endosomes for successful infection of mosquito cells. Furthermore, using transmission electron microscopy, DENV-2 particles of approximately 44-52 nm were found attached within electron-dense invaginations of the plasma membrane and in coated vesicles that resembled those of clathrin-coated pits and vesicles, respectively. Together, these results demonstrate for the first time that DENV-2 enters insect cells by receptor-mediated, clathrin-dependent endocytosis, requiring traffic through an acidic pH compartment for subsequent uncoating and completion of a productive infection.
General approach to the synthesis of short .alpha.-helical peptides (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGeneral approach to the synthesis of short .alpha.-helical peptidesDavid Y. Jackson, David S. King, Jean Chmielewski, Sunil Singh, and Peter G. SchultzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 24, 9391–9392Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00024a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00024a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2127Altmetric-Citations278LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Computer-Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery (2003)

Summary Orthopaedic surgery has benefited from significant progress in surgical techniques and implants through advances in technology and science. Recent developments integrating medical imaging and spatial tracking technologies open an entirely new field. A virtual reality image allows the surgeon to plan and simulate the entire procedure before the actual case; follow in real-time the position of surgical tools, implants, and bone in different planes simultaneously; and obtain a precise digital record of the operation performed. These enhancing systems promise to empower the surgeon as the accuracy and safety in the operating room can dramatically be improved. A myriad of applications is currently under development, embracing every orthopaedic surgery subspecialty. Sound clinical trials, cost, availability, and practicality are the challenges these new technologies face, but it is very likely that they will soon prove their benefits for the patient and surgeon.
Comparative analysis of B7-1 and B7-2 costimulatory ligands: expression and function. (1994)

Antigen-specific T cell activation requires the engagement of the T cell receptor (TCR) with antigen as well as the engagement of appropriate costimulatory molecules. The most extensively characterized pathway of costimulation has been that involving the interaction of CD28 and CTLA4 on the T cell with B7 (now termed B7-1) on antigen presenting cells. Recently, B7-2 a second costimulatory ligand for CTLA4, was described, demonstrating the potential complexity of costimulatory interactions. This report examines and compares the expression and function of B7-1 and B7-2. Overall these results indicate that (a) B7-1 and B7-2 can be expressed by multiple cell types, including B cells, T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, all of which are therefore candidate populations for delivering costimulatory signals mediated by these molecules; (b) stimulating B cells with either LPS or anti-IgD-dextran induced expression of both B7-1 and B7-2, and peak expression of both costimulatory molecules occurred after 18-42 h of culture. Expression of B7-2 on these B cell populations was significantly higher than expression of B7-1 at all times assayed after stimulation; (c) blocking of B7-2 costimulatory activity inhibited TCR-dependent T cell proliferation and cytokine production, without affecting early consequences of TCR signaling such as induction of CD69 or interleukin 2 receptor alpha (IL-2R alpha); and (d) expression of B7-1 and of B7-2 can be regulated by a variety of stimuli. Moreover, expression of B7-1 and B7-2 can be independently regulated by the same stimulus, providing an additional complexity in the mechanisms available for regulating costimulation and hence immune response.
Measurement of Cyclin E Genomic Copy Number and Strand Length in Cell-Free DNA Distinguish Malignant versus Benign Effusions (2007)

The above findings indicate that measurement of the DNA copy number and strand length of the cyclin E locus is a useful cancer diagnostic tool.
Efficacy of pregabalin and venlafaxine-XR in generalized anxiety disorder: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled 8-week trial (2009)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the anxiolytic efficacy, and speed of onset of efficacy, of pregabalin (PGB) and venlafaxine-XR (VXR) in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). In this double-blind trial, outpatients, ages 18-65 years, who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, criteria for GAD were randomized to 8 weeks of flexible-dose treatment with PGB (300-600 mg/day), VXR (75-225 mg/day), or placebo (PBO). The intent-to-treat sample consisted of 121 patients on PGB [least square (LS) mean ± SE baseline Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), 27.6 ± 0.4], 125 patients on VXR (baseline HAM-A, 27.4 ± 0.4), and 128 patients on PBO (baseline HAM-A, 26.8 ± 0.4). Treatment with PGB was associated with a significantly greater LS mean change in the HAM-A total score at last observation carried forward endpoint versus PBO (-14.5 ± 0.9 vs. -11.7 ± 0.9; P = 0.028). Treatment with VXR was not significant versus PBO at endpoint (-12.0 ± 0.9; -11.7 ± 0.9; P =0.968). Treatment with PGB showed an early onset of improvement, with significantly greater LS mean change in the HAM-A by day 4 versus both PBO (-5.3 ± 0.5 vs. -3.4± 0.5; P = 0.008) and VXR (-2.9 ± 0.5; P = 0.0012). The proportion of patients reporting a severe adverse event was similar for PGB (9.1%) and PBO (7.8%), but higher for VXR (20.0%; P < 0.05). In conclusion, PGB was a safe and effective treatment of GAD, with a significantly earlier onset of anxiolytic activity than VXR.
Seamless distributed mobility management(dmm) solution in cloud based lte systems (2013)

Distributed Mobility Management (DMM) refers to a set of solutions developed to overcome the
limitations posed by currently deployed centralized mobility management schemes. DMM offers to
operators a more efficient network deployment driven by a distributed placement of core network
entities close to the edge (access) of the network.
The huge appreciation received by Cloud Computing technologies in latest years pushed mobile network
operators to plan the adoption of virtualization in their future network aiming at the possibility
to share a common infrastructure among them. Innovative DMM solutions can exploit the natural
distribution of users and mobility information within these shared virtualized networks envisioning
the support of cross-operator mobility management.
This research focuses on the design, implementation and evaluation of three DMM solutions in cloud
based LTE systems. A novel architecture has been defined to support DMM by means of redirecting
the traffic to the relocated mobility anchor point in order to allow IP address continuity to flows
kept active by the UEs upon movement. Traffic redirection occurs in the transport network above
the Evolved Packet System (EPS) via encapsulation-free forwarding schemes based on two different
technologies: NAT and OpenFlow.
Whereas all proposed solutions have been proven to offer seamless mobility management to UEs
which handovers trigger the relocation of their distributed mobility anchor points, the results confirmed
the inborn versatility and efficiency of the OpenFlow protocol.
Furthermore, being migration of virtualized entities and functions a prominent feature of cloud based
networks, DMM can be also used to support traffic redirection when a virtualized P-GW entity, running
on a virtualization platform, is migrated to another virtualization platform and the ongoing sessions
supported by this P-GW need to be maintained. Indeed, solutions like mobility prediction systems
have been proven to be required to provide seamless mobility to UEs moving to a location where
their virtualized mobility anchor has to be migrated.
Handbook of Vascular Brachytherapy (1998)

1. Brachytherapy 2. Isotopes For Use in Vascular Brachytherapy 3. Principles of Radiation Physics 4. Principles of Radiation Biology 5. Principles of Remote Afterloader 6. The 192Ir Radioactive Seed Ribbon 7. The AngioradTM Gamma System 8. Nucletron Peripheral System 9. The Beta CathTM System 10. The Guidant Galileo System 11. The Boston Scientific / SCIMED System 12. The CVRT SOREQTM System 13. The Radioactive Stent 14. Liquid-Filled Balloon 15. Liquid-Filled Balloon RadiantTM 16. Xena-Cath System 17. IrradiatorTM 18. The Radioactive Balloon Catheter 19. RadianceTM 20. Brachytherapy Guided by Ultrasound 21. Soft X-Ray 22. PDT System 23. The CL Illuminator 24. European Clinical Trials 25. US Clinical Trials 26. Radiation Safety Tips
The Complement System: An Overview (2003)

The complement (C) system consists of a group of 12 soluble plasma proteins that interact with one another in two distinct enzymatic activation cascades (the classical and alternative pathways) and in the nonenzymatic assembly of a cytolytic complex (the membrane attack pathway) (Fig. 1; Table 1). A third activation pathway, termed the lectin pathway, has recently been described (,). Control of these enzymatic cascades, essential to prevent rapid consumption of C in vivo, is provided by 10 or more plasma and membrane -bound inhibitory proteins acting at multiple stages of the system. C plays a central role in innate immune defense, which provides a system for the rapid destruction of a wide range of invading microorganisms. Open image in new window Fig. 1. The complement system and its control. The constituent pathways of the C system and the component proteins are shown. Enzymatic cleavages are represented by thick arrows. The lectin pathway differs from the CP only in that the MBP-MASP complex replaces the Cl complex. Regulators act to inhibit either the enzymes of the activation pathways (activated Cl, C3 convertases, C5 convertases) or assembly of the MAC. Table 1 The Component Proteins of the Complement System Component Structure Plasma conc (mg/L) Classical Pathway C1 Complicated molecule, composed of 3 subunits, C1q (460 kDa), C1r (80 kDa), C1s (80 kDa) in a complex (C1qr2s2) 180 C4 3 chains (α, 97 kDa; β, 75 kDa, γ, 33 kDa); from a single precursor 600 C2 single chain, 102 kDa 20 Alternative Pathway fB single chain, 93 kDa 210 fD single chain, 24 kDa 2 Properdin Common: oligomers of identical 53 kDa chains 5 C3 2 chains: α, 110 kDa, β, 75 kDa 1300 Terminal Pathway C5 2 chains: 115 kDa, 75 kDa 70 C6 single chain, 120 kDa 65 C7 single chain, 110 kDa 55 C8 3 chains: α, 65 kDa, β, 65 kDa γ, 22 kDa 55 C9 single chain, 69kDa 60 The proteins that constitute the classical, alternative, and membrane attack pathways are listed together with their approximate concentration in plasma. Modified from: Morgan, B.P. and Harris, C. L. (1999) Complement Regulatory Proteins.Academic, London.
The input/output formula: A theoretical approach to the fitting of personal amplification devices (1995)

There is a growing trend for hearing aids to incorporate wide dynamic range compression. The input/output (I/O) hearing aid formula, presented in this report, is a general frequency-specific mathematical approach which describes the relationship between the input level of a signal delivered to a hearing aid and the output level produced by the hearing aid. The I/O formula relates basic psychoacoustic parameters, including hearing threshold level and uncomfortable listening level, to the electroacoustic characteristics of hearing aids. The main design goal of the I/O formula was to fit the acoustic region corresponding to the "extended" normal auditory dynamic range into the hearing-impaired individual's residual auditory dynamic range. The I/O approach can be used to fit hearing aids utilizing linear gain, linear compression or curvilinear compression to a hearing-impaired individual's residual auditory area.