gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dendritic Cells Strongly Boost the Antitumor Activity of Adoptively Transferred T Cells In vivo (2004)

Dendritic cells (DCs) have been well characterized for their ability to initiate cell-mediated immune responses by stimulating naive T cells. However, the use of DCs to stimulate antigen-activated T cells in vivo has not been investigated. In this study, we determined whether DC vaccination could improve the efficacy of activated, adoptively transferred T cells to induce an enhanced antitumor immune response. Mice bearing B16 melanoma tumors expressing the gp100 tumor antigen were treated with cultured, activated T cells transgenic for a T-cell receptor specifically recognizing gp100, with or without concurrent peptide-pulsed DC vaccination. In this model, antigen-specific DC vaccination induced cytokine production, enhanced proliferation, and increased tumor infiltration of adoptively transferred T cells. Furthermore, the combination of DC vaccination and adoptive T-cell transfer led to a more robust antitumor response than the use of each treatment individually. Collectively, these findings illuminate a new potential application for DCs in the in vivo stimulation of adoptively transferred T cells and may be a useful approach for the immunotherapy of cancer.
Thirty-Day Results of the SAPIEN Aortic Bioprosthesis European Outcome (SOURCE) Registry (2010)

Technical proficiency can be learned and adapted readily as demonstrated by the short-term procedural success rate and low 30-day mortality rates reported in the SOURCE Registry. Specific complication management and refinement of patient selection are needed to further improve outcomes.
Establishment and characterization of a human non-small cell lung cancer cell line (2005)

Lung cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer death worldwide. Although many efforts have been made to explore the mechanisms involved in the development of lung cancer, the genetic events involved in the pathogenesis of lung cancer are still unclear. For a better mechanistic scope of study, a well-established cellular model is essential. We report the establishment of a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell line of human lung, SCC-37. Chromosomal abnormalities and global genomic alterations of SCC-37 were studied by spectral karyotyping (SKY) and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), respectively. Results showed that SCC-37 was a hypodiploid with complex chromosomal rearrangements. Some of the alterations, such as the gain of 1q25-qter in SCC-37, have been correlated to the tumor recurrence of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Other interesting findings include the amplification of 3q25-qter and 12q13, suggesting the existence of important oncogenes in the amplicons. This cell line may thus provide a useful cellular resource for studying the pathogenesis of SCC of the lung in the future.
Lyme disease is a spirochetosis (1983)

Fourteen patients with Lyme disease showed typical clinical features of erythema chronicum migrans. Eighteen biopsy specimens in all were obtained from the cutaneous lesions of these patients. The predominant histologic finding was a superficial and deep perivascular and interstitial infiltrate composed mostly of lymphocytes, or lymphocytes and either plasma cells and eosinophils or both. The plasma cells were found most frequently in biopsy specimens taken from the peripheries of the lesions, whereas eosinophils were found mostly in the centers of lesions. With the Warthin-Starry silver stain, spirochetes were found mostly at the borders of the lesions an in biopsy specimens containing plasma cells. Spirochetes were subsequently cultured from a typical skin lesion of erythema chronicum migrans. These findings corroborate previous indirect evidence that a spirochete might be the cause of Lyme disease.
Fundamental Electrochemical Properties of Carbon Nanotube Electrodes (2005)

Abstract We report on the fundamental electrochemical properties of inherently hydrophobic Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes MWNT electrodes and acid treated MWNTs. The electrochemical response of the electrodes was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and ac impedance spectroscopy using the redox probe of (Fe(CN)6 3−/Fe(CN)6 4−, which has well‐known kinetic behaviour on carbon surfaces. Comparisons were made between the electrochemical behaviour observed at MWNT electrodes and electrochemically polished glassy carbon, GCE. Confirmation of carbon oxygen functionalities on the surface of acid treated nanotubes was accomplished by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Slow electron transfer kinetics with a peak separation larger than 200 eV, and an electron transfer resistance of approximately 370 Ω were observed on pristine MWNTs. However acid treatment was found to significantly improve the electron transfer kinetics of Fe(CN)6 −3/−4 redox couple, approaching almost reversible ET kinetics. Acid treatment modifies the charge carrier density at the surface by introducing surface states and serves to facilitate electron transfer. The better wetting properties of functionalised carbon nanotubes and the higher local density of states as compared to untreated MWNT could be responsible for favouring faster ET kinetics.
An Efficient Synthesis of Naphthyl Alkyl and Aryl Sulfides by the Reaction of Naphthols with Alkane- and Arenethiols (1989)

The reaction of 1- and 2-naphthols 1 and 2 with a variety of thiols 3 in the presence of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid afforded naphthyl alkyl and aryl sulfides 4 and 5, respectively, in good yields. Similarly naphthyl bis(alkyl) or bis(aryl) sulfides 10-13 were prepared from the corresponding dihydroynaphthalenes 6-9.
Embryonic stem cells form an organized, functional cardiac conduction system in vitro (2004)

A functional pacemaking-conduction system is essential for maintaining normal cardiac function. However, no reproducible model system exists for studying the specialized cardiac pacemaking-conduction system in vitro. Although several molecular markers have been shown to delineate components of the cardiac conduction system in vivo, the functional characteristics of the cells expressing these markers remain unknown. The ability to accurately identify cells that function as cardiac pacemaking cells is crucial for being able to study their molecular phenotype. In differentiating murine embryonic stem cells, we demonstrate the development of an organized cardiac pacemaking-conduction system in vitro using the coexpression of the minK-lacZ transgene and the chicken GATA6 (cGATA6) enhancer. These markers identify clusters of pacemaking "nodes" that are functionally coupled with adjacent contracting regions. cGATA6-positive cell clusters spontaneously depolarize, emitting calcium signals to surrounding contracting regions. Physically separating cGATA6-positive cells from nearby contracting regions reduces the rate of spontaneous contraction or abolishes them altogether. cGATA6/minK copositive cells isolated from embryoid cells display characteristics of specialized pacemaking-conducting cardiac myocytes with regard to morphology, action potential waveform, and expression of a hyperpolarization-activated depolarizing current. Using the cGATA6 enhancer, we have isolated cells that exhibit electrophysiological and genetic properties of cardiac pacemaking myocytes. Using molecular markers, we have generated a novel model system that can be used to study the functional properties of an organized pacemaking-conducting contracting system in vitro. Moreover, we have used a molecular marker to isolate a renewable population of cells that exhibit characteristics of cardiac pacemaking myocytes.
Design of the Authoring tool for producing of Multimedia Learning Objects (2006)

In this paper, we propose multimedia authoring tool which enables to produce multimedia learning object with synchronizinglecture slides, voice, writing including underlining for efficient lecturing, and enables to interact between learner and learning object by using embedded instant messenger like MSN and function of quiz and hyperlink. This authoring tool enables to integrate various resources such as texts, voices, videos, writings including underlining, web-based contents, Flash animations, and existing lecture materials. Especially, our tool has imbedded instant messenger that support real-time audio/video internet communication for collaboration learning and face to face interaction between learners. In analytical results, it has been shown that proposed multimedia authoring tool is useful for producing of multimedia open learning objects. It enables to integrate and synchronize to various multimedia resources and to interact with face to face between learners or instructor by using embedded instant messenger. Since this instant messenger can operate in environment of virtual IP and firewall installed network by using server switching, it is useful for collaborative learning. And it enables to save video object, text and audio objects separately for considering of learner’s traffic and access device.
Induction of Antibodies in Rhesus Macaques That Recognize a Fusion-Intermediate Conformation of HIV-1 gp41 (2011)

A component to the problem of inducing broad neutralizing HIV-1 gp41 membrane proximal external region (MPER) antibodies is the need to focus the antibody response to the transiently exposed MPER pre-hairpin intermediate neutralization epitope. Here we describe a HIV-1 envelope (Env) gp140 oligomer prime followed by MPER peptide-liposomes boost strategy for eliciting serum antibody responses in rhesus macaques that bind to a gp41 fusion intermediate protein. This Env-liposome immunization strategy induced antibodies to the 2F5 neutralizing epitope ⁶⁶⁴DKW residues, and these antibodies preferentially bound to a gp41 fusion intermediate construct as well as to MPER scaffolds stabilized in the 2F5-bound conformation. However, no serum lipid binding activity was observed nor was serum neutralizing activity for HIV-1 pseudoviruses present. Nonetheless, the Env-liposome prime-boost immunization strategy induced antibodies that recognized a gp41 fusion intermediate protein and was successful in focusing the antibody response to the desired epitope.
Strongly Enhanced Phosphor Efficiency in GaInN White Light-Emitting Diodes Using Remote Phosphor Configuration and Diffuse Reflector Cup (2005)

Enhancement of phosphor efficiency is reported for GaInN-based white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) employing a large separation between the primary LED emitter and the wavelength converter, and a diffuse reflector cup. Ray-tracing simulations show that extraction efficiency of wavelength-converted light is enhanced by 75%. The experimental improvement in phosphor efficiency of blue-pumped yellow phosphor is 15.4% compared with conventional phosphor-based white LEDs. The improvement is attributed to reduced re-absorption of wavelength-converted light by the LED chip.
Anti-L-Selectin Aptamers: Binding Characteristics, Pharmacokinetic Parameters, and Activity Against an Intravascular Target In Vivo (2000)

Therapeutic and diagnostic applications have been envisioned for aptamers, a class of oligonucleotide ligands that bind their target molecules with high affinity and specificity (Gold, J. Biol. Chem. 270, 13581-13584, 1995). To identify parameters that are important for the in vivo activity of aptamers acting on intravascular targets, we have studied binding characteristics in vitro, pharmacokinetic parameters in Sprague-Dawley rats, and inhibitory activity in a SCID mouse/human lymphocyte model of lymphocyte trafficking for both 2'F pyrimidine 2'OH purine RNA and ssDNA anti-human L-selectin aptamers. The data indicate that aptamers with low nanomolar affinity are suitable candidates for use as in vivo reagents and that nonspecific binding to vascular cells is not an issue for efficacy. As is often observed for other reagents, plasma clearance is biphasic. Both the distribution phase and the clearance rate strongly affect in vivo activity. Pharmacokinetic parameters and in vivo activity are significantly improved by conjugating aptamers to a carrier molecule, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG). Most active in vivo is 1d40, a 2'F pyrimidine 2'OH purine aptamer conjugated to 40 kDa PEG. At a dose of 5.4 nmol/kg body weight, its duration of effect (time to 50% inhibition) is 11.2 hours, and at 1 mg or 90 nmol/kg, its plasma clearance rate (CL) is 0.4 ml/min/kg. Its ED50 is estimated to be 80 pmol/kg in preinjection dose-response experiments, compared with 4 pmol/kg for the dimeric anti-L-selectin antibody DREG56. Further improvement of in vivo activity is expected from nucleotide modifications that increase resistance to nuclease digestion for aptamers where mass is not rate limiting for clearance. Because the relationship of clearance to conjugate molecular weight (MW) is not the same for all aptamers, it is advisable to determine the relationship at the outset of in vivo studies. In summary, the data suggest that properly formulated aptamers have the capacity to be effective therapeutic agents against intravascular targets.
Electromagnetic Orbital Angular Momentum in Remote Sensing (2009)

The orbital angular of electromagnetic wave beam and radiation flelds has been discussed. The representation of multipole radiation flelds is deduced. Besides, measuring meth- ods of OAM and a few phenomena and results obtained are cited to elucidate flrstly the feasibility of applying of remote sensing. It is shown that remote sensing applications of the orbital angular momentum of electromagnetic waves has come to fore in recent years, but have apparently never been attempted.
Monitoring the response of patients with locally advanced breast carcinoma to neoadjuvant chemotherapy using [technetium 99m]-sestamibi scintimammography (1999)

MIBI imaging accurately assessed the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with LABC. Further studies are needed to determine the role of MIBI in this group of patients.
Electrolytes for solid-state lithium rechargeable batteries: recent advances and perspectives (2011)

This critical review presents an overview of the various classes of Li(+) conductors for use as electrolytes in lithium polymer batteries and all-solid state microbatteries. Initially, we recall the main models for ion transport and the structure-transport relationships at the basis of the observed conductivity behaviours. Emphasis is then placed on the physico-chemical and functional parameters relevant for optimal electrolytes preparation, as well as on the techniques of choice for their evaluation. Finally, the state of the art of polymer and ceramic electrolytes is reported, and the most interesting strategies for the future developments are described (121 references).
Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in vitro by anticarbohydrate monoclonal antibodies: peripheral glycosylation of HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120 may be a target for virus neutralization (1990)

Carbohydrate structures are often involved in the initial adhesion of pathogens to target cells. In the present study, a panel of anticarbohydrate monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) was tested for their ability to inhibit in vitro human immunodeficiency virus infectivity. MAbs against three different N- and O-linked carbohydrate epitopes (LeY, A1, and sialyl-Tn) were able to block infection by cell-free virus as well as inhibit syncytium formation. Inhibition of virus infectivity was independent of virus strain (HTLVIIIB or patient isolate SSI-002), the cell line used for virus propagation (H9 or MT4), and the cell type used as the infection target (MT4, PMC, or selected T4 lymphocytes). Inhibition was observed when viruses were preincubated with MAbs but not when cells were preincubated with MAbs before inoculation, and the MAbs were shown to precipitate 125I-labeled gp120. The MAbs therefore define carbohydrate structures expressed by the viral envelope glycoprotein gp120, indicating that glycans of the viral envelope are possible targets for immunotherapy or vaccine development or both.
Tumor refractoriness to anti-VEGF treatment mediated by CD11b+Gr1+ myeloid cells (2007)

A34 We investigated cellular and molecular events mediating refractoriness to anti-angiogenic therapy with an anti- VEGF monoclonal antibody (Mab) in murine tumors showing low or high response to such treatment. We found that refractoriness to anti-VEGF therapy is associated with infiltration of CD11b+Gr1+ myeloid cells in the tumors. Admixing experiments indicated that CD11b+Gr1+ cells isolated from bone marrow or tumors of mice bearing refractory tumors, but not sensitive ones, are sufficient to confer refractoriness. A combination therapy including agents targeting myeloid cells resulted in greater efficacy in refractory tumors compared to anti-VEGF alone. Gene expression analysis in bone marrow CD11b+Gr1+ cells isolated from mice bearing refractory tumors revealed higher expression of distinct set of genes known to be implicated in active mobilization and recruitment of myeloid cells. These findings indicate that, in our models, refractoriness to anti-VEGF treatment is determined by the ability of tumors to prime and recruit CD11b+Gr1+ cells.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANIC FLUORINE IN SOME TOXIC TROPICAL PLANTS (1972)

S ummary The tissues of numerous species of toxic plants from Africa, Australia and South America have been analysed for organic and inorganic fluorine. The presence of organically combined fluorine was established in most of the species but was very variable in concentration. The stems and roots of the African Dichapetalaceae generally contained much more fluorine than did the leaves and the reversed situation was found in the same tissues of the Australian Gastrolobium and Oxylobium species and in the Brazilian Palicourea marcgravii. The seeds of most of the specimens analysed contained large amounts of organic fluorine but was absent in those of Acacia georginae. None of the plant species examined grew in soils which were high in fluorominerals; on the contrary some of the plants grew in soils containing exceptionally low levels of fluorine. A waxy exudate on the outside of the toxic leaves of A. georginae contained significant amounts of organic fluorine and is believed to be part of an excretory mechanism. Only a small proportion of the exudate was identified as fluoroacetate and there appear to be other fluorinated organic compounds present. A crystal formation which contains fluorine was observed in the bark of the roots and stems of Dichapetalaceae and is thought to be also associated with a detoxication process. The crystals appear to be a complex mixture containing calcium oxalate, chloride, fluorine, magnesium and silica. The analytical findings suggest that in the plants in which carbon‐fluorine compounds have been established, the site of the synthesis of organic fluorine may vary with the species and that metabolism to inorganic fluoride may take place continuously and simultaneously with the organic bio‐synthesis.
Quantification of myelin basic protein in the human fetal spinal cord during the midtrimester of gestation (1996)

The amount of myelin basic protein (MBP) was quantified in human fetal spinal cords from 12 to 24 gestational weeks (GW). MBP expression was determined by Northern blot, quantitative immunoblot, and immunocytochemistry. The development of compact myelin was analyzed by electron microscopy. Thirty-eight human fetal spinal cords were obtained after elective termination of intrauterine pregnancies from healthy women. Northern blot analysis showed a 15.8-fold increase in MBP mRNA between 12 and 18 GW. From 18 to 24 GW, MBP mRNA increased by 2.2-fold. The mRNA data paralleled immunoblot results that showed a 90.5-fold increase in MBP (0.147 ng/mg to 13.3 ng/mg tissue) between 12 and 18 GW and an approximately 11.5-fold increase between 18 and 24 GW (13.3 ng/mg to 154 ng/mg tissue). Immunocytochemical analysis also showed increased staining for MBP with advancing gestational age. At 12 GW, MBP immunoreactivity was observed in all three spinal cord funiculi. By 18 GW, MBP was expressed throughout the spinal cord white matter with the exception of the lateral corticospinal tracts and in the rostral levels of the fasciculus gracilis. With respect to myelin, at 12 GW, rare, noncompacted myelin lamellae were observed by electron microscopy. By 18 GW, discrete areas of compact myelin were observed in areas that showed MBP immunoreactivity, and at 24 GW, compact myelin was prominent throughout the white matter of the spinal cord. This study demonstrates a quantitative increase in MBP expression that is associated with myelin formation during the second trimester of human gestation. This information may provide normative data that can aid in the diagnosis of myelin disorders of the preterm, neonatal, and pediatric spinal cord.
Prolines and Aamyloidogenicity in Fragments of the Alzheimer's Peptide .beta./A4 (1995)

Although it is well accepted that the structure of amyloid fibrils is dominated by some form of antiparallel beta-sheet, there are few details on the secondary structural arrangements of the constituent peptides and how these peptides pack together in the fibril. We describe here the use of scanning proline mutagenesis to map the secondary structural roles of each residue in amyloidogenic peptide fragments of the Alzheimer's amyloid peptide beta/A4. In two series of fragments related to residues 15-23 and 12-26 of beta/A4, we show that Pro replacement of any residue in the amyloidogenic sequence LVFFAED, corresponding to residues 17-23, leads to essentially complete loss of fibril formation and to excellent peptide solubility. Since peptidyl-prolyl bonds are incapable of forming standard extended chain conformations, the results suggest that residues 17-23 make up the beta-sheet core of the fibrils formed by these fragments. In contrast to the proline replacements, alanine substitutions at residues 17, 18, and 20 have no effect on fibril formation, while replacement of Phe19 reduces fibril formation to 15% of the level found for the wild type sequence. Scanning proline mutagenesis should play a useful role in mapping the secondary structural features of larger amyloidogenic peptide sequences, including longer, physiologically relevant forms of beta/A4. In addition, these results suggest explanations for some amyloidogenic effects observed in disease-related peptides and also suggest a possible role for aggregation-inhibiting insertion of prolines in protein evolution and protein design.
Structure of the quinone antibiotic EM5519 and the behavior of quinones in fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. (1985)

Fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass and MS/MS spectra of a novel quinone antibiotic are presented. Their interpretation is based upon the examination of reductive behavior of model quinones in FAB solvents.
T Helper Cell Subsets in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes (1995)

It has been proposed that the development of insulin-dependent diabetes is controlled by the T helper 1 (TH1) versus TH2 phenotype of autoreactive TH cells: TH1 cells would promote diabetes, whereas TH2 cells would actually protect from disease. This proposition was tested by establishing cultures of TH1 and TH2 cells that express an identical diabetogenic T cell receptor and comparing their ability to initiate disease in neonatal nonobese diabetic mice. TH1-like cells actively promoted diabetes; TH2-like cells invaded the islets but did not provoke disease--neither did they provide substantial protection.