gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation and function of the atypical cadherin FAT1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (2014)

In human cancers, giant cadherin FAT1 may function both, as an oncogene and a tumor suppressor. Here, we investigated the expression and function of FAT1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). FAT1 expression was increased in human HCC cell lines and tissues compared with primary human hepatocytes and non-tumorous liver tissue as assessed by quantitative PCR and western blot analysis. Combined immunohistochemical and tissue microarray analysis showed a significant correlation of FAT1 expression with tumor stage and proliferation. Suppression of FAT1 expression by short hairpin RNA impaired proliferation and migration as well as apoptosis resistance of HCC cells in vitro. In nude mice, tumors formed by FAT1-suppressed HCC cells showed a delayed onset and more apoptosis compared with tumors of control cells. Both hepatocyte growth factor and hypoxia-mediated hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha activation were identified as strong inducers of FAT1 in HCC. Moreover, demethylating agents induced FAT1 expression in HCC cells. Hypoxia lead to reduced levels of the methyl group donor S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) and hypoxia-induced FAT1 expression was inhibited by SAM supplementation in HCC cells. Together, these findings indicate that FAT1 expression in HCC is regulated via promotor methylation. FAT1 appears as relevant mediator of hypoxia and growth receptor signaling to critical tumorigenic pathways in HCC. This knowledge may facilitate the rational design of novel therapeutics against this highly aggressive malignancy.
A VLSI architecture for ATM algorithm-agile encryption (2003)

In this paper a VLSI architecture is proposed for an algorithm-agile encryptor for ATM networks. The architecture is based on a circular sorting queue that buffers and switches incoming cells to the appropriate encryption pipelines. It also handles multicast cells that require different encryption algorithms for different destinations. Delay and loss priority are analyzed for multi-class traffic processed through the encryptor. The analysis results are necessary to size the buffer properly and to choose an appropriate priority scheme. An ASIC prototype of the sorting queue that supports an aggregate traffic rate of up to 21.2 Gbps is also presented.
Three-dimensional image of Bochdalek diaphragmatic hernia; a case report. (1994)

A 60-year-old man was found to have a mass shadow on the left posterior diaphragm by chest roentgenogram. He was examined by spiral computed tomography (CT) using the Somatom Plus-S. Transaxial, coronal, sagittal, and three-dimensional (3D) imagings were performed. Transaxial, coronal, and sagittal images of CT scans demonstrated not only a large defect of the posteromedial portion of the left diaphragm, but also two small defects on the right side. The spleen was identified through the left-side defect, and subdiaphragmatic fat through the right-side defects. He was diagnosed as having bilateral Bochdalek hernia. 3D Imaging was also useful for stereographic perception of Bochdalek hernia. Although Bochdalek hernia is not rare, to our knowledge, this is the first case of Bochdalek hernia observed by spiral CT 3D imaging.
Translation of DNA Signals into Polymer Assembly Instructions (2004)

We developed a DNA nanomechanical device that enables the positional synthesis of products whose sequences are determined by the state of the device. This machine emulates the translational capabilities of the ribosome. The device has been prototyped to make specific DNA sequences. The state of the device is established by the addition of DNA set strands. There is no transcriptional relationship between the set strands and the product strands. The device has potential applications that include designer polymer synthesis, encryption of information, and use as a variable-input device for DNA-based computation.
Advances in Human-Robot Interaction (2009)

Rapid advances in the field of robotics have made it possible to use robots not just in industrial automation but also in entertainment, rehabilitation, and home service. Since robots will likely affect many aspects of human existence, fundamental questions of human-robot interaction must be formulated and, if at all possible, resolved. Some of these questions are addressed in this collection of papers by leading HRI researchers.
Cloning of an Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis antigen: homology with adhesins from some oral streptococci (1995)

Serum from a patient with Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis was used to identify the gene efaA cloned in Lambda ZapII in Escherichia coli. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed a 924-bp open reading frame encoding a protein with a predicted molecular weight of 34,768. The amino acid sequence of EfaA shows 55 to 60% homology to a group of streptococcal proteins, FimA from Streptococcus parasanguis, SsaB from Streptococcus sanguis, ScaA from Streptococcus gordonii, and PsaA from Streptococcus pneumoniae. Members of this group have been shown to be adhesins, and we hypothesize that EfaA may function as an adhesin in endocarditis.
Leukocyte Depletion Attenuates Reperfusion Injury in Patients With Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (1996)

These results demonstrate that leukocyte-depleted reperfusion is potentially beneficial as an adjunct to terminal cardioplegia during cardiac surgery to attenuate reperfusion injury in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy.
Contrasting in vitro lymphocyte chemotactic activity of the hydroxyl enantiomers of 12‐hydroxy‐5,8,10,14‐eicosatetraenoic acid (1988)

1. The chemotactic activity of 12(R)-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (12(R)-HETE), 12(S)-HETE and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) for human mixed peripheral blood lymphocytes has been assessed in a 48-well microchemotaxis assay. Responses to the standard lymphocyte chemoattractants, zymosan-activated plasma, casein and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) were also measured. 2. 12(R)-HETE was shown to be chemotactic for lymphocytes over the range 5 x 10(-7) to 5 x 10(-5) M. In contrast, negligible chemotactic responses to 12(S)-HETE were obtained. 3. LTB4 was 200 times more potent than 12(R)-HETE as a lymphocyte chemoattractant, although maximal responses to the two agonists were similar. 4. 12(R)-HETE and LTB4, which are present in extracts of samples from the skin lesions of psoriasis, may be, at least in part, responsible for the lymphocyte infiltrate which is a characteristic feature of this disease.
Passionflower in the treatment of opiates withdrawal: a double-blind randomized controlled trial (2001)

Objective: Clonidine-based therapies have been utilized as the main protocol for opiate detoxification for several years. However, detoxification with clonidine has its limitations, including lack of efficacy for mental symptoms. Accumulating evidence shows the efficacy of Passiflora incarnata extract in the management of anxiety. In our continuing study of traditional medicines, which have neurotropic effects, this plant had an anxiolytic effect, which may be used as an adjuvant agent in the detoxification of opiates by clonidine. We present the results of a double-blind randomized controlled trial of clonidine plus passiflora extract vs. clonidine plus placebo in the outpatient detoxification of 65 opiates addicts. Methods: A total of 65 opiates addicts were assigned randomly to treatment with passiflora extract plus clonidine tablet or clonidine tablet plus placebo drop during a 14-day double-blind clinical trial. All patients met the DSM IV criteria for opioid dependence. The fixed daily dose was 60 drops of passiflora extract and a maximum daily dose of 0·8 mg of clonidine administered in three divided doses. The severity of the opiate withdrawal syndrome was measured on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 14 using the Short Opiate Withdrawal Scale (SOWS). Conclusion: Both protocols were equally effective in treating the physical symptoms of withdrawal syndromes. However, the passiflora plus clonidine group showed a significant superiority over clonidine alone in the management of mental symptoms. These results suggested that passiflora extract may be an effective adjuvant agent in the management of opiate withdrawal. However, a larger study to confirm our results is warranted.
Editorial Oncologic, Endocrine & Metabolic: The current status of tyrosine kinase inhibitors: Do the diarylamine inhibitors of the EGF receptor represent a new beginning? (1995)

In the two and a half years since the initial publication of a Zeneca patent application revealing anilinoquinazolines as potent inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase (TK), several papers and patents have appeared describing TK inhibitors based on aminopyrimidine moieties. Such inhibitors appear to be greatly superior in potency and selectivity to the previous generation of TK inhibitors and have led to agents which appear to work selectively through the proposed mechanism. This article will start with an update on progress in the determination of relevant structures and mechanisms in kinases. A survey of the current literature on TK inhibitors of the pyrimidine family, updating and partially overlapping the review of Spada and Myers in a recent issue of this journal follows. The overview will finish by considering whether the current generation of inhibitors have the potential to answer some of the therapeutic questions raised by signal transduction approaches to cancer chemotherapy.
All-epitaxial mode-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (2004)

A type of AlGaAs∕GaAs-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser is demonstrated that creates a strongly-confined optical mode in an all-epitaxial heterostructure. The mode-confining region in this monolithic device is due to a lithographically defined intracavity phase-shifting layer. Analysis shows that the optical loss in the device can be less than for oxide-confinement.
Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Hepatic Diseases: Therapeutic Possibilities of N-Acetylcysteine (2015)

Liver disease is highly prevalent in the world. Oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation are the most important pathogenetic events in liver diseases, regardless the different etiology and natural course. N-acetyl-l-cysteine (the active form) (NAC) is being studied in diseases characterized by increased OS or decreased glutathione (GSH) level. NAC acts mainly on the supply of cysteine for GSH synthesis. The objective of this review is to examine experimental and clinical studies that evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles of NAC in attenuating markers of inflammation and OS in hepatic damage. The results related to the supplementation of NAC in any form of administration and type of study are satisfactory in 85.5% (n = 59) of the cases evaluated (n = 69, 100%). Within this percentage, the dosage of NAC utilized in studies in vivo varied from 0.204 up to 2 g/kg/day. A standard experimental design of protection and treatment as well as the choice of the route of administration, with a broader evaluation of OS and inflammation markers in the serum or other biological matrixes, in animal models, are necessary. Clinical studies are urgently required, to have a clear view, so that, the professionals can be sure about the effectiveness and safety of NAC prescription.
A Low Band Gap, Solution Processable Oligothiophene with a Diketopyrrolopyrrole Core for Use in Organic Solar Cells (2008)

We synthesized a low band gap, solution processable oligothiophene derivative functionalized with a diketopyrrolopyrrole core, which is a highly absorbing chromophoric group. This design leads to optical absorption that extends to 720 nm in solution and to 820 nm in the film. Cyclic voltammetry shows quasireversible oxidation and reduction processes. Bulk heterojunction solar cells using [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as the electron acceptor were fabricated. The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) depend on the donor−acceptor ratio. A 70:30 donor/acceptor by weight mixture provided a PCE of 2.3% under simulated AM 1.5 solar irradiation of 100 mW/cm 2. To date, this is the highest efficiency reported for small molecule-based solution processed bulk heterojunction solar cells.
Pharmaceutical Salts and Co-crystals (2011)

From crystal structure prediction to totally empirical screening, the quest for new crystal forms has become one of the most challenging issues in the solid state science and particularly in the pharmaceutical world. In this context, multi-component crystalline materials like co-crystals have received renewed interest as they offer the prospect of optimized physical properties. As illustrated in this first book_ entirely dedicated to this emerging class of pharmaceutical compounds_ the outcome of such endeavours into crystal engineering have demonstrated clear impacts on production, marketing and intellectual property protection of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Indeed, co-crystallization influences relevant physico-chemical parameters (such as solubility, dissolution rate, chemical stability, melting point, hygroscopicity, à) and often offers solids with properties superior to those of the free drug. Combining both reports of the latest research and comprehensive overviews of basic principles, with contributions from selected experts in both academia and industry, this unique book is an essential reference, ideal for pharmaceutical development scientists and graduate students in pharmaceutical science.
Data Mining Techniques on the Evaluation of Wireless Churn (2004)

Abstract. This work focuses on one of the most critical issues to plague the wireless telecommunications industry today: the loss of a valuable subscriber to a competitor, also defined as churn. Analytical methods and models intrinsic to decision technology and machine learning are here evaluated, in an effort to provide the necessary intelligence to identify and understand troublesome customers in order to act upon them before they churn. Making use of a large real-world database, a thorough analysis is performed. First, due attention is given to data representation, with input selection methods being employed in the search of the most relevant attributes. Then, the predictive and explanatory power of four families of models is compared: neural networks, decision trees, genetic algorithms and neuro-fuzzy systems. To conclude, light is shed upon the possible savings and profits resulting from the application of the developed methodology in the retention strategies of wireless carriers. 1.
Fusionless Scoliosis Correction Using a Shape Memory Alloy Staple in the Anterior Thoracic Spine of the Immature Goat (2004)

The results of this study support the efficacy of an anterior thoracic staple in correcting moderately severe scoliosis and halting the progression of more malignant scoliosis without fusion in a goat model.
A 300 MIPS/W RISC core processor with variable supply-voltage scheme in variable threshold-voltage CMOS (2002)

A 300 MIPS/W RISC core processor with variable supply-voltage (VS) scheme in variable threshold-voltage CMOS (VTCMOS) is presented. Performance in MIPS/W can be improved by a factor of more than two with no modification in the RISC core except for substrate contacts for the VTCMOS. From a 3.3 V external power supply the VS scheme automatically generates minimum internal supply voltages which meet the demand on its operation frequency.
Spontaneous Formation of Quasi-Book-shelf Layer Structure in New Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals Derived from a Naphthalene Ring (1991)

Abstract We have studied ferroelectric liquid crystal mixtures of naphthalene and phenyl pyrimidine derivatives, and found that the layer structure can be controlled by changing mixture ratios. By decreasing temperature, a bookshelf layer structure with the optical tilt angle of 5° is realized spontaneously in a mixture containing 40 wt% naphthalene derivative.
Understanding Farmscapes and Their Potential for Improving IPM Programs (2014)

New pest management programs must strive to achieve sustained, improved crop production and profitable agriculture, while simultaneously conserving natural resources and protecting the environment. Redesigning farms to take advantage of natural biological control can improve the sustainability of integrated pest management programs. A technique common in this approach to pest management is farmscaping, which refers to the arrangement or configuration of plants that promote biological pest management by attracting and sustaining beneficial organisms. Farmscaping is an ecologically based, whole-farm approach to enhancing the efficacy and local abundance of arthropod natural enemies through modification of the environment. However, by adding these resources back to simplified agriculture systems, they provide numerous other ecosystem services such as erosion control, reduced runoff, esthetic benefits, increased revenue, nutrient management, pollination services, soil health, as well as improved pest suppression. Herein, we discuss the strategy of farmscaping, review the theory of how it can improve pest management, and discuss the practicalities and risks involved in incorporating farmscapes into integrated pest management programs.
Single Network Panoptic Segmentation for Street Scene Understanding (2019)

In this work, we propose a single deep neural network for panoptic segmentation, for which the goal is to provide each individual pixel of an input image with a class label, as in semantic segmentation, as well as a unique identifier for specific objects in an image, following instance segmentation. Our network makes joint semantic and instance segmentation predictions and combines these to form an output in the panoptic format. This has two main benefits: firstly, the entire panoptic prediction is made in one pass, reducing the required computation time and resources; secondly, by learning the tasks jointly, information is shared between the two tasks, thereby improving performance. Our network is evaluated on two street scene datasets: Cityscapes and Mapillary Vistas. By leveraging information exchange and improving the merging heuristics, we increase the performance of the single network, and achieve a score of 23.9 on the Panoptic Quality (PQ) metric on Mapillary Vistas validation, with an input resolution of 640 × 900 pixels. On Cityscapes validation, our method achieves a PQ score of 45.9 with an input resolution of 512 × 1024 pixels. Moreover, our method decreases the prediction time by a factor of 2 with respect to separate networks.
Recognition and generation of motion primitives with humanoid robots (2009)

Recently, interest in analysis and generation of human and human-like motion has increased in various areas. In robotics, in order to operate a humanoid robot, it is necessary to generate motions that have strictly dynamic consistency. Furthermore, human-like motion for robots will bring advantages such as energy optimization.
Immunosuppressant Use and Gout in the Prevalent Solid Organ Transplantation Population (2020)

Despite declining cyclosporine use, gout prevalence remains high, with the majority of patients with gout receiving tacrolimus rather than cyclosporine. In summary, gout remains a frequent comorbidity of solid organ transplantation.
Adaptive control of plants with unknown dead-zones (1994)

Model reference adaptive controllers are designed for plants with unknown dead-zones. Several control strategies are investigated in which two sets of adjustable parameters, one belonging to a dead-zone inverse and the other to a linear controller, are either kept fixed or adaptively updated. The developed adaptive control schemes ensure boundedness of all closed-loop signals and reduce the tracking error.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Long-chain alcohol production by yeasts. (1989)

Fourteen yeast strains from six genera were analysed for the presence of long-chain alcohols, the highest levels being found in Candida albicans. The major alcohols synthesized were saturated, primary alcohols with C14, C16 or C18 chain length with relative proportions of C16 greater than C18 greater than C14. In C. albicans synthesis of long-chain alcohols occurred only after the end of exponential growth. Long-chain alcohol contents were lower in organisms grown aerobically as compared with anaerobically and contents of all three classes increased as the concentration of glucose was raised from 1.0 to 30.0% (w/v). In anaerobic cultures greatest alcohol contents were obtained using medium containing 10% (w/v) glucose. Substituting glucose (10%, w/v) with the same concentration of galactose in aerobic cultures greatly decreased contents of long-chain alcohols, while inclusion of 10% (w/v) glycerol virtually abolished their synthesis. Supplementing anaerobic cultures with odd-chain fatty acids induced synthesis of odd-chain alcohols, Nitrogen limitation induced long-chain alcohol synthesis in aerobically grown Candida maltosa and quantities were increased with conditions of glucose excess and nitrogen limitation.
Light pulse atom interferometry at short interrogation times (2011)

The use of cold atoms in any sensor operating in a dynamic environment requires that the measurement cycle be conducted before the atom cloud escapes the interaction region. Under multiple-g accelerations it is desirable to complete measurements in millisecond time scales, particularly when laser beams are used to interrogate the atoms. In this paper, we demonstrate high-contrast atom interferometry in a vapor cell using stimulated Raman transitions at millisecond interrogation times. Laser-cooled cesium atoms are interrogated with a sequence of three Raman pulses and the interferometer phase is read out in the same region in which the atoms are trapped. Our system achieved over 70% contrast with a Doppler insensitive interferometer and over 30% contrast with a Doppler sensitive interferometer, in an environment normally considered adverse to high-contrast atom interferometry (e.g., no retroreflector stabilization and no magnetic shielding). Demonstration of an inertially sensitive atom interferometer in this environment supports the feasibility of a high-bandwidth inertial sensor using light pulse atom interferometry. Finally, we show that Raman pulse population transfer efficiency in our system is primarily limited by nonuniformity of the Raman laser intensity across the atom cloud.
Selective Amination of Polyhalopyridines Catalyzed by a Palladium−Xantphos Complex (2003)

[reaction: see text] Amination of 5-bromo-2-chloropyridine (1a) catalyzed by a palladium-Xantphos complex predominately gives 5-amino-2-chloropyridine product 3a in 96% isolated yield and excellent chemoselectivity (3a/4a = 97:3). Amination of 2,5-dibromopyridine (11) under the same conditions exclusively affords 2-amino-5-bromopyridine 4a.