gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Host B cells produce IL-10 following TBI and attenuate acute GVHD after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (2006)

Host antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are known to be critical for the induction of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT), but the relative contribution of specific APC subsets remains unclear. We have studied the role of host B cells in GVHD by using B-cell-deficient microMT mice as BMT recipients in a model of CD4-dependent GVHD to major histocompatibility complex antigens. We demonstrate that acute GVHD is initially augmented in microMT recipients relative to wild-type recipients (mortality: 85% vs 44%, P < .01), and this is the result of an increase in donor T-cell proliferation, expansion, and inflammatory cytokine production early after BMT. Recipient B cells were depleted 28-fold at the time of BMT by total body irradiation (TBI) administered 24 hours earlier, and we demonstrate that TBI rapidly induces sustained interleukin-10 (IL-10) generation from B cells but not dendritic cells (DCs) or other cellular populations within the spleen. Finally, recipient mice in which B cells are unable to produce IL-10 due to homologous gene deletion develop more severe acute GVHD than recipient mice in which B cells are wild type. Thus, the induction of IL-10 in host B cells during conditioning attenuates experimental acute GVHD.
A Hemoperfusion Column Based on Activated Carbon Granules Coated with an Ultrathin Membrane of Cellulose Acetate (1979)

A hemoperfusion system has been developed which makes use of activated carbon encapsulated with cellulose acetate. Studies have revealed that there are no stagnant flow regions in the column, there is minimal particle release and the coating is 30 A thick. The relationships between pore size, pore volume and surface area have been examined. Twenty-five patients in grade IV coma have been treated with the column for treatment of drug overdose or agricultural chemical poisoning; the clinical course of one meprobamate-poisoned patient is described in detail.
High-throughput stem-loop RT-qPCR miRNA expression profiling using minute amounts of input RNA (2008)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an emerging class of small non-coding RNAs implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes. Research in this field is accelerating, and the growing number of miRNAs emphasizes the need for high-throughput and sensitive detection methods. Here we present the successful evaluation of the Megaplex reverse transcription format of the stem-loop primer-based real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) approach to quantify miRNA expression. The Megaplex reaction provides simultaneous reverse transcription of 450 mature miRNAs, ensuring high-throughput detection. Further, the introduction of a complementary DNA pre-amplification step significantly reduces the amount of input RNA needed, even down to single-cell level. To evaluate possible pre-amplification bias, we compared the expression of 384 miRNAs in three different cancer cell lines with Megaplex RT, with or without an additional pre-amplification step. The normalized Cq values of all three sample pairs showed a good correlation with maintenance of differential miRNA expression between the cell lines. Moreover, pre-amplification using 10 ng of input RNA enabled the detection of miRNAs that were undetectable when using Megaplex alone with 400 ng of input RNA. The high specificity of RT-qPCR together with a superior sensitivity makes this approach the method of choice for high-throughput miRNA expression profiling.
Toxic Effect and Action of Dead Sperm on Diluted Bovine Semen (1972)

The toxic effect of dead sperm on diluted bovine semen and the modifying effect of certain compounds on this toxicity were investigated.
Intravitreal sustained-release dexamethasone device in the treatment of experimental uveitis. (1995)

The intravitreal sustained-release dexamethasone device is highly effective in suppressing inflammation and preventing complications after two episodes of experimental uveitis in a rabbit model for at least 3 1/2 months. This device may be useful in the management of patients with severe chronic posterior uveitis who cannot tolerate systemic or periocular therapy.
Regio- and enantiofacial selectivity of epoxyeicosatrienoic acid hydration by cytosolic epoxide hydrolase. (1993)

The hydration of cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids to the corresponding vic-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids by cytosolic epoxide hydrolase demonstrates moderate regioselectivity with rates of hydration highest for the 14,15-epoxide and lower for the 11,12- and 8,9-epoxide (4.5, 1.6, and 1.5 mumol of product/mg of protein/min, respectively). Incubations of the 8,9- and 14,15-epoxides with cytosolic epoxide hydrolase show stereoselective formation of diols (7:3 and 4:1 ratio of antipodes, respectively) and concomitant chiral enrichment of the remaining unmetabolized substrate. In contrast, hydration of the 11,12-epoxide is nonenantioselective. The Km value of the enzyme for the 14(R),15(S)-epoxide is 3 microM. Incubations of the enantiomerically pure 8,9- and 14,15-epoxides with lung or liver cytosol, followed by chiral analysis of the resulting diols demonstrate selective cleavage of the oxirane ring at C9 and C15, respectively. On the other hand, cleavage of the 11,12- oxirane ring was less selective. The stereochemical preference of the cytosolic epoxide hydrolase, together with the known chiral composition of the endogenous arachidonate epoxide pools, suggests a functional role for this enzyme in the metabolism of these important compounds.
Effect of cyclosporin A on human lymphocyte responses in vitro. IV. Production of T cell stimulatory growth factors and development of responsiveness to these growth factors in CsA-treated primary MLR cultures. (1982)

Abstract Cyclosporin A (CsA) was assessed for its effect on the production of T lymphocyte stimulating growth factors and the development of responsiveness to these growth factors in primary MLR. CsA at tolerizing doses (2.5, 1.0, and 0.5 µg/ml) markedly reduced, but did not abolish, the production of T lymphocyte growth factors, which were found to be at highest concentration in day 2 supernatants from control and CsA treated MLR cultures. The reduced level of the growth factors was not due to the presence of a soluble inhibitor. In addition, CsA did not inhibit the response of primed lymphocytes from control cultures to these growth factors. The acquisition of responsiveness to the T lymphocyte stimulatory factors in CsA-treated cultures showed a clear dichotomy between lymphocyte subpopulations detected in functional assays. On the one hand, primed lymphocytes from CsA-tolerized cultures upon exposure to the growth factors exhibited a proliferative response that was associated with a two- to five-fold increase in suppressor cell activity. In contrast, no CML response to these stimulatory factors was detected in alloantigen-primed cells from CsA-tolerized cultures, whereas cells from control MLR cultures or MLR cultured with low levels of CsA exhibited a strong CML response. Removal of a nylon wool-adherent suppressor did not restore the ability of the CsA-tolerized cells to generate a CML response upon stimulation with the T lymphocyte stimulatory growth factors but reestablished the capacity to generate cytotoxic T cells when challenged with the sensitizing alloantigen. These results suggest that the precursor cytotoxic T cell in CsA-treated MLR cultures do not acquire the ability to respond to T cell growth factors, thus retaining their immunologic naivete, whereas suppressor cells in these cultures do become activated, and their activity is enhanced by these stimulatory growth factors.
Gene delivery to skeletal muscle results in sustained expression and systemic delivery of a therapeutic protein (1996)

Somatic gene therapy has been proposed as a means to achieve systemic delivery of therapeutic proteins. However, there is limited evidence that current methods of gene delivery can practically achieve this goal. In this study, we demonstrate that, following a single intramuscular administration of a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector containing the beta-galactosidase (AAV-lacZ) gene into adult BALB/c mice, protein expression was detected in myofibers for at least 32 weeks. A single intramuscular administration of an AAV vector containing a gene for human erythropoietin (AAV-Epo) into mice resulted in dose-dependent secretion of erythropoietin and corresponding increases in red blood cell production that persisted for up to 40 weeks. Primary human myotubes transduced in vitro with the AAV-Epo vector also showed dose-dependent production of Epo. These results demonstrate that rAAV vectors are able to transduce skeletal muscle and are capable of achieving sustained expression and systemic delivery of a therapeutic protein following a single intramuscular administration. Gene therapy using AAV vectors may provide a practical strategy for the treatment of inherited and acquired protein deficiencies.
Oral Pilocarpine for Post-Irradiation Xerostomia in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer (1993)

Pilocarpine improved saliva production and relieved symptoms of xerostomia after irradiation for cancer of the head and neck, with minor side effects that were predominantly limited to sweating.
Interleukin-6 as a paracrine and autocrine growth factor in human prostatic carcinoma cells in vitro. (1997)

Interleukin (IL)-6 plays a significant role in genitourinary carcinomas. The present study was conducted to define the role of IL-6 in the growth of prostatic carcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). An in vitro experiment was carried out using human prostatic carcinoma cell lines (LNCaP, which is androgen sensitive and slow growing, and DU145 and PC3, which are androgen insensitive and fast growing), and primary human epithelial and stromal cells derived from BPH. Cells were treated with recombinant human IL-6 or conditioned medium (CM) derived from the above cultured cells to identify possible paracrine and autocrine pathways. LNCaP was clearly responsive to exogenous IL-6 and to the CM derived from stromal cells, but not to the CM from LNCaP cells (P < 0.001). DU145 and PC3 were slightly stimulated to grow by exogenous IL-6 and the CM derived from both stromal and respective homologous cells (P < 0.01). In contrast, BPH-derived epithelial cells showed little or no response to IL-6. The stimulatory effect of CM on prostatic carcinoma cells was significantly reduced by the addition of anti-IL-6 antibody to the culture medium. Furthermore, the growth of DU145 and PC3 in serum-free medium was also inhibited by anti-IL-6 antibody (P < 0.001). All cell lines tested, except for LNCaP, secreted IL-6 into the culture medium. Results of reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis indicated that IL-6 receptor mRNA was present in all carcinoma cell lines but not in epithelial cells or stromal cells derived from BPH. These results suggest that IL-6 functions as a paracrine growth factor for LNCaP and as an autocrine growth factor for DU145 and PC3, but it has no stimulatory effect on epithelial cells derived from BPH.
Disabling Receptor Ensembles with Rationally Designed Interface Peptidomimetics (2002)

Members of the erbB family receptor tyrosine kinases (erbB1, erbB2, erbB3, and erbB4) are overexpressed in a variety of human cancers and represent important targets for the structure-based drug design. Homo- and heterodimerization (oligomerization) of the erbB receptors are known to be critical events for receptor signaling. To block receptor self-associations, we have designed a series of peptides derived from potential dimerization surfaces in the extracellular subdomain IV of the erbB receptors (erbB peptides). In surface plasmon resonance (BIAcore) studies, the designed peptides have been shown to selectively bind to the erbB receptor ectodomains and isolated subdomain IV of erbB2 with submicromolar affinities and to inhibit heregulin-induced interactions of erbB3 with different erbB receptors. A dose-dependent inhibition of native erbB receptor dimerization by the erbB peptides has been observed in 32D cell lines transfected with different combinations of erbB receptors. The peptides effectively inhibited growth of two types of transformed cells overexpressing different erbB receptors, T6-17 and 32D, in standard MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and cell viability assays. The study identifies distinct loops within the membrane-proximal part of the subdomain IV as potential receptor-receptor interaction sites for the erbB receptors and demonstrates the possibility of disabling receptor activity by structure-based targeting of the dimerization interfaces. Molecular models for possible arrangement of the erbB1.EGF complex, consistent with the involvement of subdomain IV in inter-receptor interactions, are proposed. Small dimerization inhibitors described herein can be useful as probes to elucidate different erbB signaling pathways and may be developed as therapeutic agents.
Neuronal Chemotaxis: Chick Dorsal-Root Axons Turn Toward High Concentrations of Nerve Growth Factor (1979)

Micropipettes containing 2 to 50 biological units of beta growth factor (NGF) were placed near growing axons of chick dorsal-root ganglion neurons in tissue culture. The axons turned and grew toward the NGF source within 21 minutes. This turning response to elevated concentrations of NGF appears to represent chemotactic guidance rather than a general enhancement of growth rate.
Multi-Touch: A New Tactile 2-D Gesture Interface for Human-Computer Interaction (2001)

The naturalness and variety of a touch-based hand gesture interface offers new opportunities for human-computer interaction. Using a new type of capacitive sensor array, a Multi-Touch Surface (MTS) can be created that is not limited in size, that can be presented in many configurations, that is robust under a variety of environmental operating conditions, and that is very thin. Typing and gesture recognition built into the Multi-Touch Surface allow users to type and perform bilateral gestures on the same surface area and in a smaller footprint than is required by current keyboard and mouse technologies. The present approach interprets asynchronous touches on the surface as conventional single-finger typing, while motions initiated by chords are interpreted as pointing, clicking, gesture commands, or hand resting. This approach requires learning only a few new chords for graphical manipulation, rather than a vocabulary of new chords for typing the whole alphabet. Graphical manipulation seems a better use of chords in today's computing environment.
Tri- and Pentanuclear Tungsten-(μ-S)-M Clusters (M = W, Cu, Ag) (2004)

The thiotungstate [Et4N]2[OW(WS4)2], [Et4N]2.1, containing the linear [[S2W(VI)(mu-S)2]2W(IV)=O] core, was prepared from [Et4N]2[WS4] in the presence of the sulfide scavenger Cd2+. Addition of 1,2-bis(o-diphenylphosphinophenyl)ethane (diphosphine) and Cu+ or Ag+ to solutions of 1 in MeCN/DMF led to coordination of the (diphosphine)Cu/Ag fragments to the terminal sulfido ligands of 1, yielding novel linear pentanuclear, heterometallic clusters [mu-[OW(IV)(DMF)(W(VI)S4)2][M(diphosphine)]2], 2 (M = Cu) and 3 (M = Ag). Along with 2, the trinuclear cluster [[mu-(W(VI)S4)[Cu(diphosphine)(2)]], 4, was also obtained. The molecular and crystal structures of [Et4N]2.1, 2.MeCN, 3.MeCN, and 4.2MeCN.CH2Cl2 have been determined.
α-type-1 polarized dendritic cell-based vaccination in recurrent high-grade glioma: a phase I clinical trial (2012)

Current non-randomized investigational trial UMIN-CTR UMIN ID: 000000914.
The EBV Transforming Protein, Latent Membrane Protein 1, Mimics and Cooperates with CD40 Signaling in B Lymphocytes (1999)

Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is required for EBV-induced immortalization of human B cells, and expression of the protein in the absence of other viral proteins leads to an activated phenotype in B cells. It has been well documented that LMP1 causes B cells to up-regulate adhesion molecules, such as LFA-1 and ICAM-1, and coactivation molecules, such as B7-1 and CD23, as well as to activate NF-kappaB. Ligation of the endogenous B cell CD40 molecule also induces these and other activated phenotypic changes. Here, we report that expression of LMP1 also activates B cells to secrete Ig and IL-6 and rescues them from B cell receptor-mediated growth arrest analogous to CD40 signaling. Furthermore, an HLA-A2LMP1 chimeric construct demonstrates that the oligomerization of the carboxyl-terminal 200 amino acids of LMP1 is sufficient for B cell signaling. Finally, we demonstrate that LMP1 and CD40 signaling pathways interact cooperatively in inducing B cell effector functions.
Compartmentalization of Gene Expression duringBacillus subtilisSpore Formation (2004)

Gene expression in members of the family Bacillaceae becomes compartmentalized after the distinctive, asymmetrically located sporulation division. It involves complete compartmentalization of the activities of sporulation-specific sigma factors, sigma(F) in the prespore and then sigma(E) in the mother cell, and then later, following engulfment, sigma(G) in the prespore and then sigma(K) in the mother cell. The coupling of the activation of sigma(F) to septation and sigma(G) to engulfment is clear; the mechanisms are not. The sigma factors provide the bare framework of compartment-specific gene expression. Within each sigma regulon are several temporal classes of genes, and for key regulators, timing is critical. There are also complex intercompartmental regulatory signals. The determinants for sigma(F) regulation are assembled before septation, but activation follows septation. Reversal of the anti-sigma(F) activity of SpoIIAB is critical. Only the origin-proximal 30% of a chromosome is present in the prespore when first formed; it takes approximately 15 min for the rest to be transferred. This transient genetic asymmetry is important for prespore-specific sigma(F) activation. Activation of sigma(E) requires sigma(F) activity and occurs by cleavage of a prosequence. It must occur rapidly to prevent the formation of a second septum. sigma(G) is formed only in the prespore. SpoIIAB can block sigma(G) activity, but SpoIIAB control does not explain why sigma(G) is activated only after engulfment. There is mother cell-specific excision of an insertion element in sigK and sigma(E)-directed transcription of sigK, which encodes pro-sigma(K). Activation requires removal of the prosequence following a sigma(G)-directed signal from the prespore.
Immunosensing Platforms Using Spontaneously Adsorbed Antibody Fragments on Gold (2000)

This paper describes the construction and characterization of miniaturized antigenic immunosurfaces composed of spontaneously adsorbed Fab'-SH fragments on gold. Rabbit Fab'-SH fragments contain a free sulfhydryl group that forms a thiolate bond with a gold substrate as detailed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This approach creates surfaces of higher epitope density, a factor critical to the early detection of disease, than surfaces composed of adsorbed whole molecule IgG on gold. The viability and specificity of antigenic Fab'-SH immunosurfaces is demonstrated using atomic force microscopy and confocal fluorescence microscopy, and possible explanations for the larger epitope density are discussed.
Changes in Gene Expression Associated with Developmental Arrest and Longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans (2001)

Gene expression in a developmentally arrested, long-lived dauer population of Caenorhabditis elegans was compared with a nondauer (mixed-stage) population by using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). Dauer (152,314) and nondauer (148,324) SAGE tags identified 11,130 of the predicted 19,100 C. elegans genes. Genes implicated previously in longevity were expressed abundantly in the dauer library, and new genes potentially important in dauer biology were discovered. Two thousand six hundred eighteen genes were detected only in the nondauer population, whereas 2016 genes were detected only in the dauer, showing that dauer larvae show a surprisingly complex gene expression profile. Evidence for differentially expressed gene transcript isoforms was obtained for 162 genes. H1 histones were differentially expressed, raising the possibility of alternative chromatin packaging. The most abundant tag from dauer larvae (20-fold more abundant than in the nondauer profile) corresponds to a new, unpredicted gene we have named tts-1 (transcribed telomere-like sequence), which may interact with telomeres or telomere-associated proteins. Abundant antisense mitochondrial transcripts (2% of all tags), suggest the existence of an antisense-mediated regulatory mechanism in C. elegans mitochondria. In addition to providing a robust tool for gene expression studies, the SAGE approach already has provided the advantage of new gene/transcript discovery in a metazoan.
Multiple Forms of Plant Cytochromes P-450 (1991)

Accumulating evidence indicates that there is a multiplicity of cytochrome P-450 enzymes in plants. These monooxygenases are implicated in the metabolism of sterols, terpenes, gibberellins, isoflavonoids, and xenobiotics. Evidence that cytochromes P-450 are involved in the detoxification of herbicides (chlorotoluron, primsulfuron, and diclofop) includes photoreversible CO inhibition of the reactions, and a requirement for O(2) and NADPH. Several cytochromes P-450, M(r) 45,000 to 65,000, have been isolated, including hydroxylases of cinnamic acid, 3,9-dihydroxypterocarpan, and digitoxin. In some cases the purified cytochrome P-450 has been successfully reconstituted with NADPH:cytochrome P-450 reductase (M(r) 72,000-84,000 protein). This reductase appears to be a nonspecific electron donor to different forms of cytochrome P-450. Immunological techniques and specific inhibitors (triazoles, imidazole derivatives) are being used to characterize plant cytochromes P-450 and the NADPH:cytochrome P-450 reductase. Specific cytochromes P-450 are induced by wounding or pathogens, others are expressed in specific cell types. Plant cytochromes P-450 are found in various subcellular locations, including endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membranes, glyoxysomes, and perhaps mitochondria. A cytochrome P-450 demethylase from avocado has recently been sequenced and found to have a hydrophobic N terminus similar to the membrane anchor of cytochromes P-450 from other organisms. The existence of cytochromes P-450 in different subcellular locations suggests that there are many genes for cytochromes P-450 in plants which have yet to be identified and classified.
A less resource-consumed security architecture on cloud platform (2016)

Traditional security framework in cloud platform usually brings self-vulnerability and considerable additional resource consumption. To solve these problems, we propose an external processes monitoring architecture for current popular cloud platform OpenStack with kernel-based virtual machine (KVM). With this architecture, we can monitor all active processes in online virtual machine (VMs) and scan them for their potential maliciousness in OpenStack with no agent, and can also detect hidden processes in offline VMs’ memory snapshots and notice the user to decide whether to kill them when VMs become active. Analysis and experimental results show that our architecture is able to reduce consumption of CPU, memory and bandwidth in cloud platform and can detect viruses and hidden processes effectively in VMs.