gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vertor Fidelity Assessment From 4C Seismic Data Recorded on the Seafloor (2002)

Abstract Vector fidelity is essential for all processing methods dealing with multi-component data and based on elastic wave propagation. However, fidelity cannot be simply assumed: lack of fidelity can introduce severe errors at the early stage of processing the horizontal components. The position of this paper is that there is enough redundancy in the acquired seismic data in order to control the vector fidelity, and when needed, correct for possible departures. The paper analyzes the various causes of vector infidelity and describes practical methods to correct for it. Introduction Vector fidelity refers to the ability of the seismic system to reproduce in a faithful manner the particle movement at a precise place and under the excitation of a well-known source. Because vector fidelity is not easy to achieve (especially for the horizontal components) its impact on the final seismic images and results should not be underestimated. Vector fidelity QC is therefore a mandatory step of the processing flow. Vector fidelity depends on many factors related to source, receivers and the experimental conditions. Likewise, measurement and possible departures from fidelity can be corrected in various ways. A check of the required source symmetrical radiation pattern is among the first steps of the QC flow. While it can be assumed that errors in the source position are negligible, an important task is to check the positioning of the recording geophones and to ensure that the three components are along the desired vertical and horizontal directions. Under the hypothesis of a mechanical isotropic device, a fundamental QC step is to verify that the seismic response of one of the horizontal components is not biased with respect to the other. Indeed, poor receiver coupling to the sea floor affects the accuracy of the recorded data and induces differences between the inline and cross line responses of the horizontal components. It is common practice in our industry to use the seismic data themselves to control the various parameters of the seismic measurement. Indeed, the redundancy contained in the seismic data is so high that it is sometimes possible to compensate for even severe departures from vector fidelity. This paper describes our understanding of the behavior of the various systems deployed on the sea floor and the methods we have developed and that we routinely use in the first steps of the processing flow. Source directivity It is well known that the source arrays used in standard streamer acquisition are in general non isotropic and compensating for a possible asymmetry of its directivity pattern is not an easy task. When such a source is used in 4C operations the possible asymmetry in the directivity pattern affects mostly the acoustic direct arrival. The main consequence is the possible impact on the various steps that involve that arrival. However, a possible asymmetry affects mostly the spatial distribution of the direct arrival.
Isolation and characterization of a recombinant lambda gt11 bacteriophage which expresses an immunoreactive Mycobacterium intracellulare protein in Escherichia coli (1988)

Disseminated Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare (M. avium complex) disease is a prevalent opportunistic infection in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Because of the increasing importance of this disease, an M. avium complex lambda gt11 expression library was prepared. We screened the library with an absorbed anti-M. intracellulare serum and identified a recombinant phage which expressed a 190-kilodalton beta-galactosidase-M. intracellulare fusion protein. Lysates containing the 190-kilodalton fusion protein evoked strong humoral and cell-mediated responses. The immunoreactivity of the M. intracellulare recombinant protein suggests that antigens isolated from the expression library may be useful as skin test, serodiagnostic, or immunoprophylactic reagents for M. avium complex disease.
High-Resolution 1H NMR in Solid-Phase Organic Synthesis (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh-Resolution 1H NMR in Solid-Phase Organic SynthesisWilliam L. Fitch, George Detre, Christopher P. Holmes, James N. Shoolery, and Paul A. KeiferCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 26, 7955–7956Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00105a006RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views836Altmetric-Citations189LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (914 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The Reduction of Cytochrome c by Milk Xanthine Oxidase (1968)

The reduction of cytochrome c by xanthine oxidase and the competitive inhibition of this process by carbonic anhydrase and by myoglobin have been studied by kinetic and by equilibrium binding methods. Carbonic anhydrases isolated from bovine and from human erythrocytes differed strikingly in their ability to inhibit competitively the reduction of cytochrome c. The Ks for cytochrome c was a function of the concentration of xanthine oxidase, as were Ki for carbonic anhydrase and Ki for myoglobin, whereas Ks for xanthine was invariant under the same conditions. Binding studies performed by a variety of methods indicated that carbonic anhydrase does not bind to xanthine oxidase. Carbonic anhydrase was found to be a potent inhibitor of the sulfite-oxygen chain reaction initiated either by the reduction of oxygen at an electrode or by xanthine oxidase plus xanthine. The data are consistent with the conclusion that xanthine oxidase, when catalyzing the aerobic oxidation of xanthine, generates an unstable reduced form of oxygen, presumably the superoxide anion, and that this radical is the agent which directly reduces cytochrome c and initiates the sulfite-oxygen chain reaction. Carbonic anhydrase and myoglobin appear to inhibit the reduction of cytochrome c and the initiation of sulfite oxidation by reducing the steady state concentration of the superoxide anion. It is proposed that they accomplish this end by catalyzing the following dismutation reaction: O2·− + O2·− + 2H+ → O2 + H2O2
The induction and inhibition of differentiation in normal and leukaemic cells (1990)

For granulocytic-macrophage progenitor populations and their progeny, five glycoproteins have been identified: GM-CSF, G-CSF, multi-CSF, M-CSF and IL-6 that can regulate their proliferative activity, maturation and functional activities. The same glycoproteins also have a capacity to induce irreversible differentiation commitment in normal bipotential granulocyte-macrophage progenitors and in some myeloid leukaemic cell lines, which suggests that common cellular processes exist in both situations. The leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a glycoprotein, with intriguing properties, which can either induce differentiation in some myeloid leukaemic cell lines or prevent differentiation in normal totipotential embryonic stem cells. The data from the LIF studies suggest a genetic mechanism controlling self-generation that is relatively simple and may be common to all cells. However, the actual cellular response observed appears to depend on the nature of the responding cell.
Molecular Signature of Smoking in Human Lung Tissues (2012)

Cigarette smoking is the leading risk factor for lung cancer. To identify genes deregulated by smoking and to distinguish gene expression changes that are reversible and persistent following smoking cessation, we carried out genome-wide gene expression profiling on nontumor lung tissue from 853 patients with lung cancer. Gene expression levels were compared between never and current smokers, and time-dependent changes in gene expression were studied in former smokers. A total of 3,223 transcripts were differentially expressed between smoking groups in the discovery set (n = 344, P < 1.29 × 10(-6)). A substantial number of smoking-induced genes also were validated in two replication sets (n = 285 and 224), and a gene expression signature of 599 transcripts consistently segregated never from current smokers across all three sets. The expression of the majority of these genes reverted to never-smoker levels following smoking cessation, although the time course of normalization differed widely among transcripts. Moreover, some genes showed very slow or no reversibility in expression, including SERPIND1, which was found to be the most consistent gene permanently altered by smoking in the three sets. Our findings therefore indicate that smoking deregulates many genes, many of which reverse to normal following smoking cessation. However, a subset of genes remains altered even decades following smoking cessation and may account, at least in part, for the residual risk of lung cancer among former smokers. Cancer Res; 72(15); 3753-63. ©2012 AACR.
Lactic Acid and Proteoglycans as Metabolic Markers for Discogenic Back Pain (2008)

Our results suggest that spectroscopic markers of proteoglycan, collagen, and lactate may serve as metabolic markers of discogenic back pain. These results provide a further basis of the potential to develop in vivo MR spectroscopy for the investigation of discogenic back pain.
Sialic acid utilization by bacterial pathogens (2007)

Sialic acid occupies the terminal position within glycan molecules on the surfaces of many vertebrate cells, where it functions in diverse cellular processes such as intercellular adhesion and cell signalling. Pathogenic bacteria have evolved to use this molecule beneficially in at least two different ways: they can coat themselves in sialic acid, providing resistance to components of the host's innate immune response, or they can use it as a nutrient. Sialic acid itself is either synthesized de novo by these bacteria or scavenged directly from the host. In this mini-review we will summarize recent findings relating to sialic acid transport, modification of sialic acid by O-acetylation, and the mechanisms of sialic acid-mediated complement resistance.
Large area multitransverse-mode VCSELs for modal noise reduction in multimode fibre systems (1993)

The first operation is reported of large area multitransversemode vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) to reduce the effect of modal noise in multimode fibre systems. A BER &lt; 10−13 is measured with a 25 μm VCSEL operated at 1 Gbit/s in a multimode optical link with 10 dB of mode selective loss at 16 m. The reduction in modal noise is from a decrease in the coherence of the large VCSELs with multitransverse-mode operation.
Implications of Accurate Pathologic Margins in the Treatment of Primary Breast Cancer (1989)

Eighty-seven patients who underwent mastectomy or reexcision following a previous segmental resection with pathologic margins evaluated at that time were restudied following their definitive therapy. Of these, 40 (46.0%) had involved margins, 28 (32.2%) had close margins, and 19 (21.8%) had clear margins. Residual tumor was subsequently found in 21 (52.5%) of 40, nine (32.1%) of 28, and five (26.3%) of 19, respectively. Analysis of specimens for quadrant of residual tumor showed 27 (31.0%) of 87 patients in the same quadrant, and 11 (14.7%) of 75 present in a different quadrant. The assessment of microscopic margins may be misleading since 29.8% (14/47) of patients with clear or close margins subsequently had residual tumor, and 47.5% (19/40) of those with involved margins had no residual tumor found. Further studies are essential to define the optimum guidelines for tumor excision at the time of segmental resection.
RhoA/Rho-Kinase Cascade Is Involved in Oxytocin-Induced Rat Uterine Contraction (2002)

The RhoA/Rho-kinase cascade is involved in various cellular functions, including migration, proliferation, and smooth muscle contraction. We examined the potential role of this pathway in oxytocin-induced uterine contraction. The specific Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 inhibited oxytocin-induced rat uterine contraction on d 21 of pregnancy in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas the extent of this inhibition was reduced in the nonpregnant uterus. Y-27632 had no effect on oxytocin-induced intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization in myometrial cells. Immunoblot analysis showed that oxytocin increased the level of myosin light chain phosphorylation, and this increase was attenuated by Y-27632. Oxytocin increased the phosphorylation of myosin-binding subunit of myosin phosphatase, one of the major substrates of Rho-kinase, and this increase was reduced by Y-27632. The expression of Rho-kinase protein was shown to increase in the uterus during pregnancy compared with the nonpregnant uterus, whereas the expression of RhoA protein remained at the same level during pregnancy. RT-PCR and Northern blot analysis showed that the expression of Rho-kinase was up-regulated at the transcriptional level during pregnancy. These results suggest that the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway may have an important role in oxytocin-induced uterine contraction, and that up-regulation of Rho-kinase is involved in the mechanism underlying the increased contractility of the pregnant myometrium.
Calcium and collagen binding properties of osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, and bone acidic glycoprotein-75 from bone. (1992)

Calcium binding properties of bone acidic glycoprotein-75, osteopontin, and bone sialoprotein were determined in 10 mM imidazole buffer (pH 6.8), containing either 60 mM KCl or 150 mM NaCl. Proteins assayed were first bound to nitrocellulose to mimic substrate-bound forms in vivo; retention of phosphoproteins was determined through use of radioiodinated tracers. Binding studies were carried out both as a function of calcium concentration and the amount of phosphoprotein. In the presence of 60 mM KCl, bone acidic glycoprotein-75 exhibited the largest calcium binding capacity (139 atoms/molecule at saturation), with bone sialoprotein intermediary (83 atoms/molecule) and osteopontin lowest (50 atoms/molecule). Sites detected for each phosphoprotein exhibited overall binding constants in the 0.5-1.0 mM extracellular range. In 150 mM NaCl and 1-2 mM total calcium, phosphoproteins bound between 72 and 19 mol of calcium/mol with the same relative order. Binding was proportional to amount of phosphoprotein in either salt condition. The presence of 5 mM calcium had a different effect on concentration-dependent binding to type I collagen for each phosphoprotein. Bone acidic glycoprotein-75 alone was found to undergo an unusual calcium-enhanced polymerization reaction, confirmed by light scattering measurements, wherein collagen binding was greatest with polymeric forms. These findings demonstrate that acidic phosphoproteins from bone bind calcium atoms with a range of capacities. Calcium appears to induce conformational changes in bone acidic glycoprotein-75 which influences its self-association and binding to different substrata.
Nucleic acid-based biomarkers in body fluids of patients with urologic malignancies (2014)

This review focuses on the promising potential of nucleic acids in body fluids such as blood and urine as diagnostic, prognostic, predictive and monitoring biomarkers in urologic malignancies. The tremendous progress in the basic knowledge of molecular processes in cancer, as shown in the companion review on nucleic acid-based biomarkers in tissue of urologic tumors, provides a strong rationale for using these molecular changes as non-invasive markers in body fluids. The changes observed in body fluids are an integrative result, reflecting both tissue changes and processes occurring in the body fluids. The availability of sensitive methods has only recently made possible detailed studies of DNA- and RNA-based markers in body fluids. In addition to these biological aspects, methodological aspects of the determination of nucleic acids in body fluids, i.e. pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical issues, are particularly emphasized. The characteristic changes of RNA (differential mRNA and miRNA expression) and DNA (concentrations, integrity index, mutations, microsatellite and methylation alterations) in serum/plasma and urine samples of patients suffering from the essential urologic cancers of the prostate, bladder, kidney and testis are summarized and critically discussed below. To translate the promising results into clinical practice, laboratory scientists and clinicians have to collaborate to resolve the challenges of harmonized and feasible pre-analytical and analytical conditions for the selected markers and to validate these markers in well-designed and sufficiently powered multi-center studies.
Resorbing bone stimulates tumor cell growth. A role for the host microenvironment in bone metastasis. (1986)

Demineralized extracts of bone matrix and conditioned media from cultured fetal rat calvaria have been reported to contain growth stimulatory activity for bone cells. To investigate the potential role of these local bone growth factors in the development of bone metastases, we chose the Walker 256 carcinosarcoma, a rat mammary tumor which causes osteolytic bone metastases and hypercalcemia. 45Ca-labeled, 19-day fetal Sprague-Dawley rat calvaria were cultured for 96 hours in BGJb medium. Walker cells from ascites tumors or cultures were grown in unconditioned media or in conditioned media harvested from the bone cultures, in the presence of 10% fetal calf serum. Media were changed every 2 days, cells were counted daily for 5 days, and 3H-thymidine uptake into acid insoluble residues was measured. The growth of tumor cells was 5-6-fold greater in conditioned media than in unconditioned media and the effect was dose dependent. Cells cultured in conditioned media demonstrated a approximately 3-fold enhancement of 3H-thymidine incorporation. Generation of growth stimulatory activity correlated with the extent of bone resorption, measured by release of 45Ca from the fetal parietal bones (r = 0.85; P less than 0.001). Conditioned media from bones cultured with 10(-7) M prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) contained greater amounts of growth stimulatory activity than untreated conditioned media, but PGE2 itself did not stimulate tumor cell growth. Addition of 3.5 mM PO4 to bone cultures blocked bone resorption and the generation of growth factors. Growth stimulatory activity was stable to heat (56 C for 30 minutes) and trypsin digestion, with an apparent molecular weight of less than 17,000 daltons by high-performance liquid chromatography. Conditioned medium also stimulated the growth of 13762 rat mammary adenocarcinoma cells, MB-MDA-231 human breast carcinoma cells, TE-85 osteosarcoma cells, a murine fibrosarcoma and rat embryonic fibroblasts, with the most potent effects noted for Walker tumor cells, the TE-85 osteosarcoma, and human breast carcinoma lines. These results suggest a mechanism by which bone resorption could promote the development of skeletal metastasis.
Mechanisms linking nutrition and reproduction in postpartum cows. (2003)

The reproductive physiology of postpartum cows is different from that of heifers because of the combined effects of the past pregnancy and lactation. Neither lactation nor pregnancy has a major effect on postpartum fertility when calving is free from disease and lactation is moderate. Postpartum beef cows in good body condition have conception rates nearly equivalent to those of virgin heifers once their uteri are involuted and they initiate ovarian cycles. However, cows will experience infertility when nutrient requirements for maintenance and lactation exceed nutrient intake (postpartum beef cows) or when nutrients are specifically partitioned toward lactation (postpartum dairy cows). The subsequent loss of body fat that occurs in either case has effects on a variety of reproductive processes and reproduction becomes less efficient. The mechanisms that lead to abnormal reproduction in nutritionally compromised postpartum cattle have been investigated intensively. Much of the effort has focused on the nature of the signal (endocrine or otherwise) that controls pituitary secretion of LH and FSH, the response of the ovary to LH and FSH, and other ovarian effects that are independent of gonadotrophins. Reproductive studies in ruminants have tended toward studies of follicular development and this focus relates back to solving the problem of anoestrus. Less work has been done on the effects of nutrition on the early embryo, the health of which may be predetermined by factors affecting the oocyte within the preovulatory follicle. Few studies have examined the effect of nutrition on uterine function in postpartum cattle. Solutions to postpartum reproduction will probably arise from a variety of approaches that include traditional physiology as well as more modern genomic and proteomic technologies.
A study on speaker normalization using vocal tract normalization and speaker adaptive training (2002)

Although speaker normalization is attempted in very different manners, vocal tract normalization (VTN) and speaker adaptive training (SAT) share many common properties. We show that both lead to more compact representations of the phonetically relevant variations of the training data and that both achieve improved error rate performance only if a complementary normalization or adaptation operation is conducted on the test data. Algorithms for fast test speaker enrolment are presented for both normalization methods: in the framework of SAT, a pre-transformation step is proposed, which alone, i.e. without subsequent unsupervised MLLR adaptation, reduces the error rate by almost 10% on the WSJ 5k test sets. For VTN, the use of a Gaussian mixture model makes obsolete a first recognition pass to obtain a preliminary transcription of the test utterance at hardly any loss in performance.
An application of input‐output analysis to the administration of a police department (1996)

The identification and description of the main components of a police department and the interrelations among these components are used to construct an input‐output model similar to those used to analyze the interdependence among sectors in an economy. This model makes it possible to forecast the personnel requirements for each component generated by changes in public demands for police services. The method presented and the results obtained are of interest to researchers in the theory of organization, to managers in general, and particularly to administrators of police departments.
New Insights on “Capacitorless” Floating-Body DRAM Cells (2007)

The notion of a "potential well" for charge storage in the floating body of the "capacitorless" DRAM cell is shown to be inadequate and misleading. The basic operation of the floating-body MOSFET cell (FBC) is physically overviewed, with supportive numerical device simulations and analytical modeling. New insights are revealed, including identification of the intrinsic dynamic capacitors that actually store the body charge. Multiple roles of an accumulation layer that is needed in fully depleted FBCs are physically defined for the first time. Optimal FBC designs are implied