gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of Liquid Matrices for Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization of Polyglycols and Poly(dimethylsiloxanes) (1996)

Liquid matrices were developed and studied for application in the MALDI analysis of polyglycols and poly(dimethylsiloxane). Characteristic positive ion MALDI-TOF mass spectra were obtained from over 20 liquid matrices. These systems are characterized by rapid and simple preparation and exhibited good vacuum stability. The spot-to-spot and point-to-point reproducibility of signal intensity and molecular weight values are indicative of the homogeneous environment created by liquid matrices. The best performance was achieved when the chromophore, 2-cyano-5-phenyl-2,4-pentadienoic acid, was used in the analyte or analyte/mediator systems (mediator = nonabsorbing liquid) at or near saturation concentrations. Internal standards, including silver and low molecular weight polyglycols, have been successfully employed for mass calibration. Comparison of MALDI molecular weight data with those obtained from SIMS and GPC shows some systematic disparities. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed. Excellent agreement is seen between molecular weight values obtained with liquid and solid MALDI matrices. However, conventional solid MALDI matrices generally exhibit better resolution and can be applied for analysis of higher molecular weight materials. This may be related to the higher laser intensity required to produce ions from liquid matrices.
GaN grown on Si(111) substrate: From two-dimensional growth to quantum well assessment (1999)

We report on the epitaxial growth of high quality GaN films on Si(111) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy using ammonia. The surface morphology and crystallinity of thick undoped GaN films are characterized by reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED), scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction. Films having compact morphologies and flat surfaces are obtained and RHEED intensity oscillations are demonstrated for GaN and (Al, Ga)N alloys indicating two-dimensional growth. This has been applied to the growth of AlGaN/GaN quantum well (QW) structures. Low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra of GaN are dominated by a strong and narrow (full width at half maximum=5 meV) band edge luminescence intensity at 3.471 eV assigned to donor bound exciton recombination. PL properties of AlGaN/GaN QW are also very similar to those obtained on equivalent structures grown on sapphire.
Accurate Identification of Experimental Pulmonary Metastases2 (1966)

The accurate counting and sizing of small, lightly pigmented tumor metastases in the lungs of experimental mice have been facilitated by the development of a method whereby the lungs were insufflated with a 15 percent solution of India ink. After being washed with Fekete's solution, which is a bleach preservative, these tiny implants, not detected in the unstained fresh lung, became discretely visible. The accuracy and time-saving features of this method aid in the verification of lung metastases and permit a much wider range of spontaneous and induced animal tumors in studies of experimental tumor metastases.
Syntheses and characterizations of poly(pentafluorosulfur diacetylenes) (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses and characterizations of poly(pentafluorosulfur diacetylenes)T. A. Kovacina, R. A. De Marco, and A. W. SnowCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1983, 22, 2, 170–172Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i300010a003https://doi.org/10.1021/i300010a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views47Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Spatial Audio Feature Discovery with Convolutional Neural Networks (2018)

The advent of mixed reality consumer products brings about a pressing need to develop and improve spatial sound rendering techniques for a broad user base. Despite a large body of prior work, the precise nature and importance of various sound localization cues and how they should be personalized for an individual user to improve localization performance is still an open research problem. Here we propose training a convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify the elevation angle of spatially rendered sounds and employing Layer-wise Relevance Propagation (LRP) on the trained CNN model. LRP provides saliency maps that can be used to identify spectral features used by the network for classification. These maps, in addition to the convolution filters learned by the CNN, are discussed in the context of listening tests reported in the literature. The proposed approach could potentially provide an avenue for future studies on modeling and personalization of head-related transfer functions (HRTFs).
Inflammation's stop signals (2015)

Inflammation doesn't just peter out. The body actively shuts it down, using signals that researchers hope to transform into therapies.
Novel Functional Interaction between the Plasma Membrane Ca2+ Pump 4b and the Proapoptotic Tumor Suppressor Ras-associated Factor 1 (RASSF1) (2004)

Plasma membrane calmodulin-dependent calcium ATPases (PMCAs) are enzymatic systems implicated in the extrusion of calcium from the cell. We and others have previously identified molecular interactions between the cytoplasmic COOH-terminal end of PMCA and PDZ domain-containing proteins. These interactions suggested a new role for PMCA as a modulator of signal transduction pathways. The existence of other intracellular regions in the PMCA molecule prompted us to investigate the possible participation of other domains in interactions with different partner proteins. A two-hybrid screen of a human fetal heart cDNA library, using the region 652-840 of human PMCA4b (located in the catalytic, second intracellular loop) as bait, revealed a novel interaction between PMCA4b and the tumor suppressor RASSF1, a Ras effector protein involved in H-Ras-mediated apoptosis. Immunofluorescence co-localization, immunoprecipitation, and glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments performed in mammalian cells provided further confirmation of the physical interaction between the two proteins. The interaction domain has been narrowed down to region 74-123 of RASSF1C (144-193 in RASSF1A) and 652-748 of human PMCA4b. The functionality of this interaction was demonstrated by the inhibition of the epidermal growth factor-dependent activation of the Erk pathway when PMCA4b and RASSF1 were co-expressed. This inhibition was abolished by blocking PMCA/RASSSF1 association with an excess of a green fluorescent protein fusion protein containing the region 50-123 of RASSF1C. This work describes a novel protein-protein interaction involving a domain of PMCA other than the COOH terminus. It suggests a function for PMCA4b as an organizer of macromolecular protein complexes, where PMCA4b could recruit diverse proteins through interaction with different domains. Furthermore, the functional association with RASSF1 indicates a role for PMCA4b in the modulation of Ras-mediated signaling.
The EKG Method for Positioning the Tips of PICCs: Results from Two Preliminary Studies (2008)

Abstract Two preliminary studies were conducted to determine feasibility of using the electrocardiography (EKG) method to determine terminal tip location when inserting a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). This method uses the guidewire inside the catheter (or a column of saline contained in the catheter) as an intracavitary electrode. The EKG monitor is then connected to the intracavitary electrode. The reading on the EKG monitor reflects the closeness of the intracavitary electrode (the catheter tip) to the superior vena cava (SVC). The studies revealed that the EKG method was extremely precise; all tips placed using the EKG method and confirmed using x-ray were located in the superior vena cava. In conclusion, the EKG method has clear advantages in terms of accuracy, cost-effectiveness, and feasibility in conditions where x-ray control may be difficult or expensive to obtain. The method is quite simple, easy to learn and to teach, non-invasive, easy to reproduce, safe, and apt to minimize malpositions due to failure of entering the SVC.
Measuring Memory Reactivation With Functional MRI (2013)

Environmental cues often remind us of earlier experiences by triggering the reactivation of memories of events past. Recent evidence suggests that memory reactivation can be observed using functional MRI and that distributed pattern analyses can even provide evidence of reactivation on individual trials. The ability to measure memory reactivation offers unique and powerful leverage on theoretical issues of long-standing interest in cognitive psychology, providing a means to address questions that have proven difficult to answer with behavioral data alone. In this article, we consider three instances. First, reactivation measures can indicate whether memory-based inferences (i.e., generalization) arise through the encoding of integrated cross-event representations or through the flexible expression of separable event memories. Second, online measures of memory reactivation may inform theories of forgetting by providing information about when competing memories are reactivated during competitive retrieval situations. Finally, neural reactivation may provide a window onto the role of replay in memory consolidation. The ability to track memory reactivation, including at the individual trial level, provides unique leverage that is not afforded by behavioral measures and thus promises to shed light on such varied topics as generalization, integration, forgetting, and consolidation.
Lipophilic Oligonucleotides Spontaneously Insert into Lipid Membranes, Bind Complementary DNA Strands, and Sequester into Lipid-Disordered Domains (2007)

For the development of surface functionalized bilayers, we have synthesized lipophilic oligonucleotides to combine the molecular recognition mechanism of nucleic acids and the self-assembly characteristics of lipids in planar membranes. A lipophilic oligonucleotide consisting of 21 thymidine units and two lipophilic nucleotides with an alpha-tocopherol moiety as a lipophilic anchor was synthesized using solid-phase methods with a phosphoramadite strategy. The interaction of the water soluble lipophilic oligonucleotide with vesicular lipid membranes and its capability to bind complementary DNA strands was studied using complementary methods such as NMR, EPR, DSC, fluorescence spectroscopy, and fluorescence microscopy. This oligonucleotide inserted stably into preformed membranes from the aqueous phase. Thereby, no significant perturbation of the lipid bilayer and its stability was observed. However, the non-lipidated end of the oligonucleotide is exposed to the aqueous environment, is relatively mobile, and is free to interact with complementary DNA strands. Binding of the complementary single-stranded DNA molecules is fast and accomplished by the formation of Watson-Crick base pairs, which was confirmed by 1H NMR chemical shift analysis and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. The molecular structure of the membrane bound DNA double helix is very similar to the free double-stranded DNA. Further, the membrane bound DNA double strands also undergo regular melting. Finally, in raft-like membrane mixtures, the lipophilic oligonucleotide was shown to preferentially sequester into liquid-disordered membrane domains.
Abnormalities in the expression of CD55 and CD59 surface molecules on peripheral blood cells are not specific to paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (2009)

The regulatory proteins CD55 and CD59 are glycolsylphosphatidylinositol-anchored, type I cell surface proteins, which inhibit formation of the C3 convertases and prevent the terminal polymerization of the membrane attack complexes, respectively. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a genetic disorder due to the impaired conformation of the glycolsylphosphatidylinositol anchor, which results in the deficient expression of CD55 and CD59 leading to excessive destruction of red cells and leukocytes. We have studied the expression of these two molecules in red blood cells, granulocytes and platelets in patients with PNH (two patients), autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) (seven patients), autoimmune thrombocytopenia (ATP) (22 patients), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (19 patients), aplastic anemia (AA) (eight patients), and Evans syndrome (ES) (two patients). A diminished expression of CD55 and CD59 was found in the three cell lines of the two patients with PNH. In the seven patients with AIHA two were found with CD59 diminished expression in red blood cells and one with CD59 diminished expression in granulocytes. In the patients with ATP one was found with CD55 diminished expression in red blood cells, one with CD59 diminished expression granulocytes and one with a CD59 diminished expression in the platelets. In the subset of patients with SLE only one was found with a CD55 diminished expression in the red blood cells. In the patients with AA, a diminished expression in red blood cells was not found; however, one patient was found with a diminished expression of CD59 in granulocytes, and one patient with a diminished expression of CD55 in the platelets. In the two patients with ES we did not found changes in the expression of CD55 and CD59. We conclude that the diminished expression of the glycolsylphosphatidylinositol-anchored type I cell surface proteins CD55 and CD59 is not specific to PNH and that it can be found in patients with a variety of autoimmune disorders. Additional studies are needed to define the role of the deficiencies of CD55 and CD59 in the pathogenesis of autoimmune hemocytopenias.
Split Cas9, Not Hairs − Advancing the Therapeutic Index of CRISPR Technology (2018)

The discovery that the bacterial CRISPR/Cas9 system can be translated into mammalian cells continues to have an unprecedented impact on the biomedical research community, as it largely facilitates efforts to experimentally interrogate or therapeutically modify the cellular genome. In particular, CRISPR promises the ability to correct disease-associated genetic defects, or to target and destroy invading foreign DNA, in a simple, efficient, and selective manner directly in affected human cells or tissues. Here, we highlight a set of exciting new strategies that aim at further increasing the therapeutic index of CRISPR technologies, by reducing the size of Cas9 expression cassettes and thus enhancing their compatibility with viral gene delivery vectors. Specifically, we discuss the concept of splitCas9 whereby the Cas9 holo-protein is segregated into two parts that are expressed individually and reunited in the cell by various means, including use of 1) the gRNA as a scaffold for Cas9 assembly; 2) the rapamycin-controlled FKBP/FRB system; 3) the light-regulated Magnet system; or 4) inteins. We describe how these avenues, despite pursuing the identical aim, differ in critical features comprising the extent of spatio-temporal control of CRISPR activity, and discuss additional improvements to their efficiency or specificity that should foster their clinical translation.
Combination Therapy for Neuropathic Pain — Which Drugs, Which Combination, Which Patients? (2005)

Neuropathic pain is a complex, costly condition resulting from a primary lesion or dysfunction in any part of the nervous system, from the peripheral receptor to the brain. Degenerative spine disease, diabetes, herpes zoster, compression and entrapment syndromes, AIDS, surgeries such as thoracotomies and mastectomies, amputation, spinal cord injury, and stroke are common causes of neuropathic pain. The aging of the population and the rising prevalence of many of these conditions forecast a probable increase in the number of patients who will have neuropathic pain. Persistent neuropathic pain usually alters a patient's quality of life by interfering with sleep, work, . . .
Increased expression of the secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor in Wegener's granulomatosis (2003)

The secretory leucocyte proteinase inhibitor (SLPI) is a low molecular weight, tissue-specific inhibitor of proteases, such as elastase and cathepsin G. It is the major local protease inhibitor in the upper airways. Proteinase 3, the main autoantigen in Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), can degrade SLPI proteolytically. In addition, SLPI is sensitive to oxidative inactivation by myeloperoxidase-generated free oxygen radicals. SLPI also has an antimicrobial capacity that can be of interest, as infection is considered to play a role in the pathogenesis of WG. This study focuses on SLPI expression in patients suffering from WG, something that to our knowledge has not been explored hitherto. Serum samples and nasal biopsies were obtained from 12 Swedish WG patients, while buffy coats were obtained from 33 American WG patients. SLPI levels in serum were measured by means of ELISA and the protein was detected by means of immunohistochemistry in nasal biopsies. mRNA expression was studied by means of in situ hybridization on nasal biopsies and RT-PCR on leucocytes. IL-6 or ESR were measured as markers of inflammatory activity. Cystatin C or creatinine was measured as a marker of renal filtration. White blood cell counts were registered. In serum, we found close to normal SLPI levels, without any correlation to IL-6. Two patients had greatly elevated values, both of them suffering from severe renal engagement. Strong SLPI mRNA expression was found in nasal biopsies. RT-PCR on leucocyte mRNA showed normal or greatly elevated expression of SLPI mRNA, correlating with disease activity. Leukocyte SLPI expression seems to be up-regulated in active WG. Serum levels were measured in a small number of patients and were found to be close to normal. Lack of correlation to the acute phase response indicates a specific regulation. This might be linked to an altered protease/antiprotease balance. These findings could indicate that SLPI locally participates in the anti-inflammatory and perhaps antimicrobial response in WG.
Ultrafast Rotational Anisotropy Measurements:  Unidirectional Detection (1999)

Unidirectional signal detection in time-resolved rotational anisotropy experiments has been known to affect the time zero and time infinity (persistent alignment) values because these measurements can overestimate the parallel or perpendicular components of the signal. Here we demonstrate that the well-known expression for obtaining the rotational anisotropy, a quantity that is typically calculated to measure the alignment, rotational energy, or rotational constants of molecules, is not applicable for some of the most common experimental configurations. We report new formulations that take into account different unidirectional detection schemes and the f-number of the collection optics. Femtosecond time-resolved anisotropy measurements on iodine vapor were obtained, with typical right-angle detection, to illustrate how the new expression corresponding to this configuration yields the expected time zero and time infinity values. Fits to the observed anisotropy are shown to provide quantitatively accurate results.
Activation of Dendritic Cells by Liposomes Prepared from Phosphatidylinositol Mannosides fromMycobacterium bovisBacillus Calmette-Guerin and Adjuvant Activity In Vivo (2004)

Liposome vesicles could be formed at 65 degrees C from the chloroform-soluble, total polar lipids (TPL) extracted from Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Mice immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) entrapped in TPL liposomes produced both anti-OVA antibody and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. Murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells were activated to secrete interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor upon exposure to antigen-free TPL liposomes. Three phosphoglycolipids and three phospholipids comprising 96% of TPL were identified as phosphatidylinositol dimannoside, palmitoyl-phosphatidylinositol dimannoside, dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylinositol dimannoside, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and cardiolipin. The activation of dendritic cells by liposomes prepared from each purified lipid component of TPL was evaluated in vitro. A basal activity of phosphatidylinositol liposomes to activate proinflammatory cytokine production appeared to be attributable to the tuberculosteric fatty acyl 19:0 chain characteristic of mycobacterial glycerolipids, as similar lipids lacking tuberculosteric chains showed little activity. Phosphatidylinositol dimannoside was identified as the primary lipid that activated dendritic cells to produce amounts of proinflammatory cytokines several times higher than the basal level, indicating the importance of mannose residues. Although the activity of phosphatidylinositol dimannoside was little influenced by palmitoylation of mannose at C-6, a further palmitoylation at inositol C-3 diminished the induction levels of IL-6 and IL-12. Further, OVA entrapped in palmitoyl-phosphatidylinositol dimannoside liposomes was delivered to dendritic cells for major histocompatibility complex class I presentation more effectively than TPL OVA-liposomes. BCG liposomes containing mannose lipids caused up-regulation of costimulatory molecules and CD40. Thus, the inclusion of pure phosphatidylinositol mannosides of BCG in lipid vesicle vaccines represents a simple and efficient option for targeting antigen delivery and providing immune stimulation.
The use of continuous non-invasive blood pressure recorder to study experimental stressors (2003)

A noninvasive continuous arterial blood pressure recording device, Finapres, developed by K.H. Wesseling et al. (1986) was used to investigate cardiovascular reactivity during several experimental stressors. Blood volume as recorded by an infrared plethysmograph is clamped to a set point value by adjusting cuff pressure in parallel with intra-arterial pressure by means of an electro-pneumatic servo-control system. Plotting pressure and heart rate parameters on a XY-vector scale made it possible to establish different autonomic nervous reactivity patterns for cognitive, emotional, and physical stressors. The usefulness of the Finapres for psychophysiological investigations was evaluated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
1-(α-Diazobenzyl)pyrene: A Reagent for Photolabile and Fluorescent Protection of Carboxyl Groups of Amino Acids and Peptides (1991)

1-(α-Diazobenzyl)pyrene (1c), red prisms stable at room temperature for more than three months, reacted with the p-toluenesulfonic acid salts of amino acids to give the corresponding highly fluorescent amino acid α-(1-pyrenyl)benzyl ester salts in moderate yield. The amino acids were recovered by irradiation at 340 nm in methanol. Application of this method to dipeptides is also described.