gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling Heavily Faulted Reservoirs (1998)

Abstract The gap between a geological reservoir model and its numerical simulation model increased rapidly in the last decade. Due to 3D seismic and other highly sophisticated techniques the geological model can now account for normal and reverse slanted faults, high permeability channels, discontinuities, etc. down to a resolution of 10x10x1 feet. The reservoir can be represented by 100 million grid points and include accurate positioning of 3D faults and other surfaces. In a simulation grid the faults are conventionally represented by the Cartesian, corner point or curvilinear grid block boundaries. In this way only few faults can be handled and even then, they are inaccurately modeled. It is therefore not possible to model a heavily faulted reservoir with conventional methods. The paper presents a new concept and a fully developed solution to this problem. The fundamental difference between this method and all previous ones is that the faults are regarded as inner boundaries and the flow equation will not be used to calculate the fluid transfer through these surfaces but instead it will be handled by boundary conditions. The concept allows the automatic alignment of the grid in a heavily faulted reservoir. The location of the grid points is not changed and only the shape of grid blocks along the fault traces is modified. The method is applicable for Cartesian as well as kPEBI (perpendicular bisection grid with full permeability tensor) grids. The mathematical basis of the gridding and the fault construction methods were already published1,2,3. This paper presents the implementation in industrially used simulator(s) and shows the advantages of the new method. The practical applicability is demonstrated by 2 case studies. The first one is the 2000 km2 Aderklaa conglomerate containing several oil and gas fields. The second is a slanted well traversing several reverse faults.
STD2P: RGBD Semantic Segmentation Using Spatio-Temporal Data-Driven Pooling (2017)

We propose a novel superpixel-based multi-view convolutional neural network for semantic image segmentation. The proposed network produces a high quality segmentation of a single image by leveraging information from additional views of the same scene. Particularly in indoor videos such as captured by robotic platforms or handheld and bodyworn RGBD cameras, nearby video frames provide diverse viewpoints and additional context of objects and scenes. To leverage such information, we first compute region correspondences by optical flow and image boundary-based superpixels. Given these region correspondences, we propose a novel spatio-temporal pooling layer to aggregate information over space and time. We evaluate our approach on the NYU-Depth-V2 and the SUN3D datasets and compare it to various state-of-the-art single-view and multi-view approaches. Besides a general improvement over the state-of-the-art, we also show the benefits of making use of unlabeled frames during training for multi-view as well as single-view prediction.
β‐Catenin expression and mutational analysis in renal cell carcinomas (2000)

beta-Catenin acts as a downstream transcriptional activator of the Wingless-Wnt signaling pathway. The beta-catenin-Tcf complex transactivates the downstream genes that regulate cell proliferation or inhibit apoptosis. The activation of this pathway through stabilization of beta-catenin is caused either by inactivating mutations of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor gene or by activating mutations in beta-catenin exon 3. To determine whether the abnormal expression and activating mutations in exon 3 of the beta-catenin gene are implicated in renal cell carcinogenesis, 52 renal cell carcinomas (RCC) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis (PCR-SSCP), and direct DNA sequencing. Immunohistochemically, all cases, as well as normal kidneys, showed membranous and/or cytoplasmic staining patterns without nuclear localization. However, the cytoplasmic accumulations of beta-catenin were observed in five (22.7%) of 22 cases of conventional (clear cell) renal carcinoma, but not in papillary or chromophobe renal carcinomas. The beta-catenin mutation was identified in only one case of conventional renal carcinoma and was a single-base missense mutation on codon 61, leading to substitution of glutamine by arginine. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that beta-catenin mutations are a relatively rare event in RCC and that cytoplasmic accumulations of beta-catenin protein are found only in conventional (clear cell) renal carcinomas. These data suggest that the activation of the beta-catenin signaling pathway may partly play a role in the development of conventional RCC.
Characterization of a curvature sensor using a solid polymer electrolyte (2009)

This paper describes a development of a curvature sensor using a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) film. The sensor has a basic structure that an SPE film is sandwiched between thin carbon films. Each carbon is coated with Ag paste and they are covered with polymer films. The SPE film has good flexibility, and can be used in air. In previous research, we clarified output response to deformation of the SPE sensor and the relationship between sensor output and sensor curvature. In this paper, in order to obtain the output characteristics of the curvature sensor, the influence of the position of partial deformation on the sensor output and the relationship between the sensor output and the area size of the deformed part in the SPE film were investigated. As a result, it is found that the sensor output is independent of the position where deformation is applied and that the sensor output has a proportional relation with the area size of the deformation part. Moreover these findings suggest that the sensor output is related to the average of the curvature of the measured surface.
Predicting Bacteremia (1991)

Letters15 April 1991Predicting BacteremiaLeonard Leibovici, MDLeonard Leibovici, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-8-703_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editors:Two points in the article by Bates and colleagues (1) merit reconsideration. First, rapidly fatal disease was included in the final model as a significant and independent predictor of true bacteremia. However, "true bacteremia" was defined by reviewers who were not blinded to the outcome of the episode (whether or not the patient "had done well"). If the original assessment of a rapidly fatal disease was accurate, than "true bacteremia" was defined with foreknowledge of a factor (outcome of the patient) closely related to one of the independent variables. Thus, a strong bias may have been introduced...References1. BatesCookGoldmanLee DELT. Predicting bacteremia in hospitalized patients. A prospectively validated model. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:495-500. LinkGoogle Scholar2. McCabeJackson WG. Gram-negative bacteremia. I. Etiology and ecology. Arch Intern Med. 1962;110:845-55. CrossrefGoogle Scholar1. BatesCookGoldmanLee DELT. Predicting bacteremia in hospitalized patients. A prospectively validated model. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:495-500. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Tel Aviv University Petah Tiqva 49100 Israel PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPredictive model for bacteremia in adult patients with blood cultures performed at the emergency department: A preliminary reportClinical practice of obtaining blood cultures from patients with a central venous catheter in place: an international surveyWho Needs a Blood Culture? A Prospectively Derived and Validated Prediction RuleBlood Cultures in the Critical Care Unit 15 April 1991Volume 114, Issue 8Page: 703-703KeywordsBacteremia Issue Published: 15 April 1991 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Influenza virus gene expression: control mechanisms at early and late times of infection and nuclear-cytoplasmic transport of virus-specific RNAs (1987)

Single-stranded M13 DNAs specific for various influenza virus genomic segments were used to analyze the synthesis of virus-specific RNAs in infected cells. The results show that influenza virus infection is divided into two distinct phases. During the early phase, the syntheses of specific virion RNAs, viral mRNAs, and viral proteins were coupled. Thus, the NS (nonstructural) virion RNA was preferentially synthesized early, leading to the preferential synthesis of NS1 viral mRNA and NS1 protein; in contrast, M (matrix) RNA synthesis was delayed, leading to the delayed synthesis of M1 viral mRNA and M1 protein. This phase lasted for 2.5 h in BHK-21 cells, the time at which the rate of synthesis of all the viral mRNAs was maximal. During the second phase, the synthesis of all the virion RNAs remained at or near maximum until at least 5.5 h postinfection, whereas the rate of synthesis of all the viral mRNAs declined dramatically. By 4.5 h, the rate of synthesis of all the viral mRNAs was 5% of the maximum rate. Viral mRNA and protein syntheses were also not coupled, as the synthesis of all the viral proteins continued at maximum levels, indicating that protein synthesis during this phase was directed principally by previously synthesized viral mRNAs. Short pulses (3 min) with [3H]uridine and nonaqueous fractionation of cells were used to show that influenza virion RNA synthesis occurred in the nucleus, demonstrating that all virus-specific RNA synthesis was nuclear. Virion RNAs, like viral mRNAs, were efficiently transported to the cytoplasm at both early and late times of infection. In contrast, the full-length transcripts of the virion RNAs, which are the templates for virion RNA synthesis, were sequestered in the nucleus. Thus, the template RNAs, which were synthesized only at early times, remained in the nucleus to direct virion RNA synthesis throughout infection. These results enabled us to present an overall scheme for the control of influenza virus gene expression.
Going non-viral: theSleeping Beautytransposon system breaks on through to the clinical side (2017)

Molecular medicine has entered a high-tech age that provides curative treatments of complex genetic diseases through genetically engineered cellular medicinal products. Their clinical implementation requires the ability to stably integrate genetic information through gene transfer vectors in a safe, effective and economically viable manner. The latest generation of Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon vectors fulfills these requirements, and may overcome limitations associated with viral gene transfer vectors and transient non-viral gene delivery approaches that are prevalent in ongoing pre-clinical and translational research. The SB system enables high-level stable gene transfer and sustained transgene expression in multiple primary human somatic cell types, thereby representing a highly attractive gene transfer strategy for clinical use. Here we review several recent refinements of the system, including the development of optimized transposons and hyperactive SB variants, the vectorization of transposase and transposon as mRNA and DNA minicircles (MCs) to enhance performance and facilitate vector production, as well as a detailed understanding of SB's genomic integration and biosafety features. This review also provides a perspective on the regulatory framework for clinical trials of gene delivery with SB, and illustrates the path to successful clinical implementation by using, as examples, gene therapy for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and the engineering of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells in cancer immunotherapy.
向未来发展的“宙斯盾”系统 (2001)

“宙斯盾”(Aegis)作战系统是冷战时期美国为海军舰队实现蓝色水域防御屏障而构想的。斯考特·C·特鲁佛在过去25年里报道了“宙斯盾”系统的发展演变。又调查了该系统现在所进行的改进设计。经过改进，这一系统将作为多任务作战系统服务于美国海军，满足其到21世纪中期的需要。
Tabu Search Detection for MIMO Systems (2007)

In this paper, tabu search (TS) is applied to the detection algorithm of MIMO system, which is originally designed to find the approximate solution of combinatorial optimization problems. Resorting to an original two embedded cubes stereograph, we give a simple illustration of TS process. As a simple add-on to traditional suboptimal detectors, TS provides the potential of moving toward the best ML solution. The method of skipping out of the search under a certain condition in advance is proposed, leading to the flexible tradeoff between the performance and the complexity. Simulation results show that the advantage of TS detection on performance comparing with the traditional detection is great, especially when the system has more transmit-antennas.
The combination of chemotherapy and systemic immunotherapy with soluble B7–immunoglobulin G leads to cure of murine leukemia and lymphoma and demonstration of tumor-specific memory responses (2001)

Major mechanisms underlying poor immune responses to autologous tumor-associated antigens are overwhelming tumor kinetics and the absence of effective T-cell costimulation by antigen-presenting cells. To address these issues, leukemia and lymphoma mice were treated with the combination of chemotherapy and systemic immunotherapy with recombinant soluble murine B7-immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules. In this report, 3 murine models were used, a radiation-induced SJL acute myeloid leukemia, a transplantable spontaneous SJL lymphoma, and the C57BL/6 EL-4 thymic lymphoma. Various treatment modalities were evaluated: single treatments with either B7-IgG or chemotherapy as well as combination therapies. The results demonstrate the following: (1) in all tumor models, the combination of chemotherapy and soluble B7-IgGs is more potent than either therapy alone, leading to cure of tumor-bearing animals; (2) the therapeutic responses are T-cell-dependent, because combined therapy is not efficacious in severe combined immunodeficient mice; (3) the rejection of tumor cells leads to the development of tumor-specific immunity, because cured mice are immune to the rejected tumor but not to a different syngeneic tumor; and (4) (51)Cr release assays show that rejection of tumor cells leads to the development of very potent tumor-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity. On the basis of these results, it is proposed that chemotherapy-mediated tumor reduction, together with consequent augmented tumor-antigen presentation to activated T cells, are primary mechanisms leading to curative responses. The safety profile of the B7-IgG fusion proteins and their synergy with chemotherapy strongly suggest that the combination regimen is a promising strategy in cancer treatment.
Infarct Remodeling After Intracoronary Progenitor Cell Treatment in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction (TOPCARE-AMI) (2003)

Analysis of serial contrast-enhanced MRI suggests that intracoronary infusion of adult progenitor cells in patients with AMI beneficially affects postinfarction remodeling processes. The migratory capacity of the infused cells is a major determinant of infarct remodeling, disclosing a causal effect of progenitor cell therapy on regeneration enhancement.
Sulfobacins A and B, Novel von Willebrand Factor Receptor Antagonists. I. Production, Isolation, Characterization and Biological Activities. (1995)

Sulfobacins A and B, novel von Willebrand factor (vWF) receptor antagonists, have been isolated from the culture broth of Chryseobacterium sp. (Flavobacterium sp.) NR 2993 by ethyl acetate extraction, and by Sephadex LH-20 and silica gel column chromatographies. The physico-chemical properties of the sulfobacins indicate that their structures are completely different from that of aurintricarboxylic acid, the one known vWF receptor antagonist. Sulfobacins A and B inhibit the binding of vWF to its receptor with IC50S of 0.47 and 2.2 microM, respectively. Sulfobacin A also inhibits ristocetin-induced agglutination in human platelets fixed with paraformaldehyde with an IC50 of 0.58 microM.
Urinary Biomarkers in the Early Detection of Acute Kidney Injury after Cardiac Surgery (2009)

The results of this study support that a combination of urinary biomarkers may allow for early detection of postoperative AKI after cardiac surgery before a rise in Scr.
Biotype E Greenbug Resistance in Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus‐Resistant Wheat Germplasm Lines1 (1985)

A new source of biotype E greenbug [ Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) l resistance was identified in greenhouse screening tests from a group (CI 17881–17886) of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm lines previously released as resistant to wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV). The germplasm release statement from the South Dakota Agric. Exp. Stn. identified the pedigree of these lines as CI 15092/ T. speltoides //‘Fletcher’ (CI 13985) /3/ 5*‘Centurk’ (CI 15075). Our objective was to determine the parental source of the greenbug resistance and to quantify the components of resistance. The particular T. speltoides accession used in the cross was unknown; however, it appeared to be the donor of the greenbug resistance, because the other parents of the cross were susceptible to biotype E in greenhouse tests. CI 17882 and CI 17885 exhibited the highest levels of resistance. The resistance in these lines is a new source that can be exploited in the development of greenbug‐resistant wheat germplasm. New sources of greenbug resistance are needed because of the periodic occurrence of new biotypes.
Intramural distribution of regulatory peptides in the sigmoid-recto-anal region of the human gut. (1988)

The distribution of regulatory peptides was studied in the separated mucosa, submucosa and muscularis externa taken at 10 sampling sites encompassing the whole human sigmoid colon (five sites), rectum (two sites), and anal canal (three sites). Consistently high concentrations of VIP were measured in the muscle layer at most sites (proximal sigmoid: 286 (16) pmol/g, upper rectum: 269 (17), a moderate decrease being found in the distal smooth sphincter (151 (30) pmol/g). Values are expressed as mean (SE). Conversely, substance P concentrations showed an obvious decline in the recto-anal muscle (mid sigmoid: 19 (2.0) pmol/g, distal rectum: 7.1 (1.3), upper anal canal: 1.6 (0.6)). Somatostatin was mainly present in the sigmoid mucosa and submucosa (37 (9.3) and 15 (3.5) pmol/g, respectively) and showed low, but consistent concentrations in the muscle (mid sigmoid: 2.2 (0.7) pmol/g, upper anal canal: 1.5 (0.8]. Starting in the distal sigmoid colon, a distinct peak of tissue NPY was revealed, which was most striking in the muscle (of mid sigmoid: 16 (3.9) pmol/g, upper rectum: 47 (7.8), anal sphincter: 58 (14)). Peptide YY was confined to the mucosa and showed an earlier peak (upper sigmoid: 709 (186) pmol/g, mid-distal sigmoid: 1965 (484)). A clear differential distribution of regulatory peptides was thus shown in the region studied. A possible role is suggested for NPY and VIP containing nerves in the effector control of the human internal anal sphincter.
Drug repurposing as an alternative for the treatment of recalcitrant bacterial infections (2015)

Bacterial infection remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and the options for treating such infections are decreasing, due the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The pharmaceutical industry has produced few new types of antibiotics in more than a decade. Researchers are taking several approaches toward developing new classes of antibiotics, including (1) focusing on new targets and processes, such as bacterial cell-cell communication that upregulates virulence; (2) designing inhibitors of bacterial resistance, such as blockers of multidrug eﬄux pumps; and (3) using alternative antimicrobials such as bacteriophages. In addition, the strategy of finding new uses for existing drugs is beginning to produce results: antibacterial properties have been discovered for existing anticancer, antifungal, anthelmintic, and anti-inflammatory drugs. In this review, we discuss the antimicrobial properties of gallium compounds, 5-fluorouracil, ciclopirox, diflunisal, and some other FDA-approved drugs and argue that their repurposing for the treatment of bacterial infections, including those that are multidrug resistant, is a feasible strategy.
QoS mapping and adaptation control for multi-user sessions over heterogeneous wireless networks (2007)

The Quality of Service (QoS) support for multimedia multi-user sessions is essential to the success of fourth generation mobile networks. However, it requires the QoS control for those sessions independently of the movement of users, QoS model, and link capacity supported by wired and wireless networks in the end-to-end session path. This paper presents the Multi-user Session Control (MUSC) mechanism to provide QoS mapping and QoS adaptation of multi-user sessions over heterogeneous and mobile networks. The coordination of the QoS mapping and QoS adaptation controllers allows the adaptation of the session to the current network conditions and the dynamic selection of the most suitable network service class to map the session. The MUSC control is based on the session requirements, existing services class and their available bandwidth. Performance evaluation shows the impact of the MUSC proposal by analysing its convergence time, as well as the one-way delay and throughput of multi-user sessions in a QoS-aware mobile scenario.
Near‐IR surface‐enhanced Raman spectrum of lignin (2009)

Abstract Compacted powders of commercially available nano‐ and microparticles of silver were used to successfully induce the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect in spruce milled‐wood lignin (MWL). For the two silver particle sizes used in this investigation, the spectra were mostly similar. Some general characteristics of the lignin SERS spectrum are described. The SERS technique was found to be sensitive for detecting lignin. Significant spectral changes were present between the SERS and normal Raman spectra of MWL. The SERS spectrum was assigned on the basis of literature‐reported vibrational assignments of lignin and its models. Based on significant changes in Raman features, we propose that the lignin is strongly adsorbed on silver. To determine whether SERS of lignin can be obtained directly from wood without its isolation, Wiley‐milled spruce wood (WMW) adsorbed on silver was studied. The results indicated that not only the surface‐enhancement effect was successfully induced in the WMW, but that its spectrum was similar to MWL SERS. Moreover, for WMW, no signals from the carbohydrate components were observed, and therefore, lignin was detected selectively. This nano‐ and microparticle‐based molecularly specific method is expected to make a significant contribution in identifying and investigating lignin in various lignin‐containing materials. Published in 2009 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Dental OCT (1998)

We present here the first in vivo optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of human dental tissue. A novel dental optical coherence tomography system has been developed. This system incorporates the interferometer sample arm and transverse scanning optics into a handpiece that can be used intraorally to image human dental tissues. The average imaging depth of this system varied from 3 mm in hard tissues to 1.5 mm in soft tissues. We discuss the application of this imaging system for dentistry and illustrate the potential of our dental OCT system for diagnosis of periodontal disease, detection of caries, and evaluation of dental restorations.