gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasmapheresis in Severe Sepsis or Septic Shock (1996)

During sepsis, there is release of various endotoxins from microorganisms which more or less activates cascade systems including release of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 and complement components. This causes impairment of vascular integrity and permeability which may progress into septic shock and a disseminated intravascular coagulation which progresses into multiorgan failure, including acute renal failure and subsequent death. Although most endotoxins and cytokines have a molecular size < 50 kD, there is little efficacy in removal of them by hemofiltration filters used for acute dialysis. The use of antibodies against different endotoxins has not been successful. The use of plasma exchange procedures (including blood exchange) to remove such toxins and cell debris, as free myoglobin and hemoglobin, has been successfully tried in smaller not controlled studies since 1984. Once when more than three organs are involved in a progressive manner, the risk of death is at least 80%. In contrast, these studies showed a survival rate of about 75% by addition of such therapeutic interventions to the conventional intensive care unit treatment. The substitution of the removed plasma products must be considered to include products important for the host defense and coagulation process and to avoid infections, bleeding, or increased coagulation. This type of removal is unselective and probably in the future will include addition of absorption techniques which may add further benefit to the outcome.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (1990)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme exists in two isozymic forms that are encoded by two mRNAs. Recently, the complete primary structures of the testicular isozymes from rabbit and human and of the pulmonary isozymes from mouse and human have been determined. We report here the cloning of a portion of the cDNA for the rabbit pulmonary isozyme by using the polymerase chain reaction. The sequence of this cDNA was identical to the sequence of the corresponding portion of rabbit testicular cDNA. This observation suggests that the two mRNAs are transcribed from the same gene. Comparison of the structures of the enzyme isolated from different species is useful for identifying the functional constraints on the evolutionary changes of its structure.
Surface plasmon mediated energy transfer of electrically-pumped excitons (2010)

We report strong surface plasmon polariton mediated transfer of energy between molecular excitons across the metallic cathode of an electrically-pumped organic heterostructure. The donor molecular excitons at the organic heterojunction resonantly excite surface plasmon modes on both sides of the optically thick metal electrode, which evanescently couple to dye molecules near the electrode's exterior surface. Dye fluorescence in the capping layer on the exterior of the device shows a 6.5-fold increase in intensity due to this effect, far exceeding any enhancement attributable to Purcell or optical microcavity effects. Demonstration of this energy transfer mechanism for electrically-pumped excitons suggests new sensing and imaging applications with high signal to noise ratio and new routes for performance improvement in energy harvesting devices, plasmonic devices, and organic LEDs (including white light emission).
Differential Diagnosis of AH109A Tumor and Inflammation by Radioscintigrap with l‐[Methyl‐11C]methionine (1989)

For the evaluation of tumor imaging with L-[methyl-11C]methionine (11C-Met), a basic study on the differentiation of tumor from inflammation with 11C-Met and a comparison of the diagnostic value of the image with that obtained using 67Ga citrate, a conventional scintigraphic agent, are important. 11C-Met accumulations into inflammatory lesions, AH109A tumor and normal tissues of rats were examined by means of a tissue distribution study. Aseptic inflammatory lesions on the back of Donryu rats induced by croton oil and 1.5% carrageenan showed significantly lower accumulations of 11C-Met than the AH109A tumor. Histologically, croton oil induced granulomatous inflammation and carrageenan, acute exudative inflammation. Whole-body autoradiography with 14C-Met, a substitute for 11C-Met, was negative in the carrageenan lesion and showed a slightly increased activity at the periphery of the croton oil lesion, in contrast with the high tumor activity. Whole-body autoradiography with 67Ga citrate was performed to compare the imaging ability with that of 14C-Met; it showed high activities in the tumor, bone, and intestine, and a broad increased activity at the periphery of the croton oil lesion, but was negative in the carrageenan lesion. 11C-Met accumulations in the inflammations were very low and clinical application with positron emission tomography, should be useful for the differential diagnosis of tumor from inflammation.
Total-Reflection Liquid-Crystal Electrooptic Device (1973)

This paper describes a simple electrooptic effect that can be achieved by placing. a thin nematic liquid crystal layer between two glass prisms of appropriate refractive index. For a range of angles of incidence on the prism-liquid crystal interface, light is partially transmitted or totally reflected, depending upon the electric-field-controlled orientation of the optic axis in the nematic layer.
Effectiveness of Preemptive Analgesia Using a Frequency Rhythmic Electrical Modulation System in Patients Having Instrumented Fusion for Lumbar Stenosis (2014)

Application of Phyback therapy reduced postoperative opioid consumption and analgesic demand, and it contributed to reducing patients' level of pain and increased patient satisfaction. Moreover, the application of preemptive Phyback therapy contributed to reducing preoperative pain which may have reduced patient anxiety.
Stress Analysis of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 System Glass-ceramic with Different Thickness (2005)

In order to study the relationship between thickness and residual stress in CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramics. The residual stress was measured in CaO-Al2 O3-SiO2 system glass-ceramic with different thickness, and the formation mechanism and characterization of residual stress in CAS system Glass-ceramic were analyzed by the X-ray diffraction analysis. The experimental results show the compressive residual stress increases with thickness of glass-ceramic increasing
Electron-beam lithography for microcircuit fabrication (1976)

Electron beams are being used to make new generations of solid-state devices with critical dimensions that are less than 1 μm. Using the technique, device designers are able to overcome many of the performance limits that have been set by the conventional methods of fabrication where ultraviolet light is shone through a mask to define a pattern on photosensitive resist. The minimum practical dimension in light-exposure systems is usually greater than 1 μm although the fundamental limit set by the diffraction of light is somewhat less. In comparison the limit using electron-beam techniques is much less than 1 μm, so that one can expect substantial improvements in the specifications of surface-acoustic-wave devices, microwave transistors, narrow-gate field-effect transistor and high-density large-scale-integration devices once the techniques of electron-beam lithography are fully established
Colesevelam improves insulin resistance in a diet-induced obesity (F-DIO) rat model by increasing the release of GLP-1 (2010)

Bile acid sequestrants have been shown to lower glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. To investigate how colesevelam (CL) HCl improves hyperglycemia, studies were conducted in diet-induced obesity (F-DIO) rats, which develop insulin resistance when fed a high-energy (high fat/high sucrose) diet (HE). The rats were fed HE; HE + 2% CL; HE + 0.02% SC-435 (SC), an apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter inhibitor; and regular chow (controls). After 4 wk of treatment, both in the HE group and the SC + HE group, plasma glucose and insulin levels remained elevated compared with baseline values throughout an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In contrast, in the CL + HE group, plasma glucose levels returned to baseline by the end of the test, and insulin peaked in 15-30 min and then returned to baseline. CL induced release of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) because the area under the curve of plasma total GLP-1 in the CL + HE group was significantly greater than in the HE group during the OGTT. Bile acid concentrations in the portal blood did not decrease in the HE group but declined significantly both in the CL + HE and SC + HE groups with reduced farnesoid X receptor activation compared with controls. We concluded that CL reduces plasma glucose levels by improving insulin resistance in this rat model. It is unlikely that the improvement is attributable to decreased bile acid flux to the liver but is likely secondary to induced GLP-1 secretion, which improves insulin release.
Innovation funds for higher education: a users' guide for World Bank funded projects (2006)

An innovation fund is a pool of discretionary funds that are earmarked for one or more uses. Sometimes these have been called Competitive Funds or Quality Improvement Grants. Funds are normally accessed on a phased or competitive basis using a transparent process of proposal submission, peer review and management approval. They are usually implemented through performance agreements that include previously defined measurable outcome indicators. In higher education, innovation funds have been used to improve the quality of teaching, research and community service activities, as well as to strengthen university linkages with regional and national development efforts. They have also been used to build management capacities, stimulate research, encourage cross-disciplinary or inter-institutional collaboration, and to focus institutional attention on new or emerging issues of policy importance.
LWIR 128*128 GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well hybrid focal plane array (1991)

The authors describe the fabrication and performance of a new type of hybrid focal plane array (FPA). The hybrid consists of a 128*128 GaAs/AlGaAs superlattice multiple-quantum-well detector array with peak response at 7.7 mu m mated to a high-performance CMOS readout with direct injection input. The quantum-well infrared photodetector (QWIP) array was fabricated by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE). Optical gratings were excluded to facilitate evaluation of the basic detector-technology. The mean D* at 78 K was 5.76*10/sup 9/ cm- square root Hz/W. Total FPA 1/f noise was negligible, as corroborated by imagery having minimum resolvable temperature (MRT) of 30 mK at 0.07 cycles/mrad. No gain nonuniformity correction was used in the imaging demonstration.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A High Accuracy Position Ring System (2004)

This paper recounts the component methods of high accuracy position ring system briefly,and recounts the applied principles of the photoelectric coder and the modified methods of the velocity in the position ring detailed,then give a brief account of the application of the single chip microcomputer and serial D/A switching.
<title>Waveguide excimer laser fabrication of 3D microstructures</title> (1994)

Waveguide excimer lasers in combination with high-resolution imaging and precision motion control systems are capable of direct-write shaping of many polymers, ceramics, glasses, and metal films. Three-dimensional structures can be produced by scanning the worksurface under the focused beam and varying the energy delivered to the worksurface through use of various exposure algorithms. Using this technique, we have produced 3-D structures in polyimide and diamond that demonstrate high spatial resolution and good surface finish.
Functional screening of five PYPAF family members identifies PYPAF5 as a novel regulator of NF‐κB and caspase‐1 (2002)

PYRIN-containing Apaf-1-like proteins (PYPAFs) are a recently identified family of proteins thought to function in apoptotic and inflammatory signaling pathways. PYPAF1 and PYPAF7 proteins have been found to assemble with the PYRIN-CARD protein ASC and coordinate the activation of NF-kappaB and pro-caspase-1. To determine if other PYPAF family members function in pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, we screened five other PYPAF proteins (PYPAF2, PYPAF3, PYPAF4, PYPAF5 and PYPAF6) for their ability to activate NF-kappaB and pro-caspase-1. Co-expression of PYPAF5 with ASC results in a synergistic activation of NF-kappaB and the recruitment of PYPAF5 to punctate structures in the cytoplasm. The expression of PYPAF5 is highly restricted to granulocytes and T-cells, indicating a role for this protein in inflammatory signaling. In contrast, PYPAF2, PYPAF3, PYPAF4 and PYPAF6 failed to colocalize with ASC and activate NF-kappaB. PYPAF5 also synergistically activated caspase-1-dependent cytokine processing when co-expressed with ASC. These findings suggest that PYPAF5 functions in immune cells to coordinate the transduction of pro-inflammatory signals to the activation of NF-kappaB and pro-caspase-1.
Expression of biologically active recombinant keratinocyte growth factor. Structure/function analysis of amino-terminal truncation mutants. (1993)

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is a newly identified member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family (FGF-7). KGF is expressed by stromal fibroblasts and acts on epithelial cells in a paracrine mode. To facilitate structure/function studies, we utilized the T7 prokaryotic expression system to synthesize this growth factor. Recombinant KGF (rKGF) was mitogenic with a specific activity around 10-fold higher than native KGF. By in vitro mutagenesis, we generated a series of KGF mutants with sequential deletions of the amino-terminal domain, the most divergent region among different FGF members. Mutant proteins, produced in bacteria, were tested for their ability to bind heparin, bind and activate the KGF receptor, and induce DNA synthesis. Heparin binding properties were preserved with deletion of up to 28 amino-terminal residues of the mature KGF but lost by the deletion of an additional 10 residues. Biological activity of mutants with deletions of up to 10 residues was comparable to that of rKGF. However, deletion of 29 residues resulted in significantly reduced ability to stimulate KGF receptor tyrosine-kinase activity and DNA synthesis, although this mutant bound the receptor at high affinity. These characteristics of a partial agonist may be useful in the development of competitive antagonists of KGF action.
[Effects of total flavones of Hippophae rhamnoides L on cultured rat heart cells and on cAMP level and adenylate cyclase in myocardium]. (1988)

When total flavones of Hippophae rhamnoides L (TFH) 100 ug/ml were added to the medium. the spontaneous arrhythmias of the cell clusters disappeared in 14/19 experiments. TFH 100 ug/ml significantly counteracted the positive chronotropic effects of CaC12 and isoproterenol. with the maximal response being markedly decreased in the cultured rat heart cells. TFH 100 ug/ml reduced the level of cAMP in both ischemic and nonischemic myocardium in the isolated perfused rat heart. TFH 100 and 400 ug/ml inhibited adenylate cyclase of the rat ventricular myocardium. These results suggest that the antiarrhythmic effects of TFH are exerted on the heart cells directly. and that the calcium antagonizing action and inhibition of adenylate cyclase with a reduction in the cAMP level may be an important mechanism related to the antiarrhythmic effects.
Structure of the MDM2 Oncoprotein Bound to the p53 Tumor Suppressor Transactivation Domain (1996)

The MDM2 oncoprotein is a cellular inhibitor of the p53 tumor suppressor in that it can bind the transactivation domain of p53 and downregulate its ability to activate transcription. In certain cancers, MDM2 amplification is a common event and contributes to the inactivation of p53. The crystal structure of the 109-residue amino-terminal domain of MDM2 bound to a 15-residue transactivation domain peptide of p53 revealed that MDM2 has a deep hydrophobic cleft on which the p53 peptide binds as an amphipathic alpha helix. The interface relies on the steric complementarity between the MDM2 cleft and the hydrophobic face of the p53 alpha helix and, in particular, on a triad of p53 amino acids-Phe19, Trp23, and Leu26-which insert deep into the MDM2 cleft. These same p53 residues are also involved in transactivation, supporting the hypothesis that MDM2 inactivates p53 by concealing its transactivation domain. The structure also suggests that the amphipathic alpha helix may be a common structural motif in the binding of a diverse family of transactivation factors to the TATA-binding protein-associated factors.
Emerging Applications of Carbon Nanotubes (2010)

On the basis of their unique electrical and mechanical properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted great attention in recent years. A diverse array of methods has been developed to modify CNTs and to assemble them into devices. On the basis of these innovations, many applications that include the use of CNTs have been demonstrated. Transparent electrodes for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and CNT-based electronic components such as field-effect transistors (FETs) have been demonstrated. Furthermore, CNTs have been employed in catalysis and sensing as well as filters and mechanical and biomedical applications. This review highlights illustrative examples from these areas to give an overview of applications of CNTs.
Synthesis and Photoluminescence of Cd1-xMnxS (x ≤ 5) Nanocrystals (1998)

We report the synthesis of Cd1-xMnxS nanocrystals with x ≤ 5%. Special care is taken to determine the final manganese concentration in the nanoparticles. The variation of the photoluminescence spectrum of Cd1-xMnxS colloidal solutions as a function of manganese concentration is studied. Characteristic luminescence features such as emission maximum wavelength and lifetime are analyzed. We find that it is possible to isolate contributions from particles containing no, one, or more Mn2+ ions. Dopant distribution among the crystallites is random and obeys to a binomial law. The agreement with this simple statistical model allows to use simple photoluminescence experiments to determine Mn2+ mean concentration and dispersion in Cd1-xMnxS nanocrystals.
Gene Expression Signature Associated with Clinical Outcome in ALK-Positive Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (2021)

Anaplastic large cell lymphomas associated with ALK translocation have a good outcome after CHOP treatment; however, the 2-year relapse rate remains at 30%. Microarray gene-expression profiling of 48 samples obtained at diagnosis was used to identify 47 genes that were differentially expressed between patients with early relapse/progression and no relapse. In the relapsing group, the most significant overrepresented genes were related to the regulation of the immune response and T-cell activation while those in the non-relapsing group were involved in the extracellular matrix. Fluidigm technology gave concordant results for 29 genes, of which FN1, FAM179A, and SLC40A1 had the strongest predictive power after logistic regression and two classification algorithms. In parallel with 39 samples, we used a Kallisto/Sleuth pipeline to analyze RNA sequencing data and identified 20 genes common to the 28 genes validated by Fluidigm technology-notably, the <i>FAM179A</i> and <i>FN1</i> genes. Interestingly, FN1 also belongs to the gene signature predicting longer survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas treated with CHOP. Thus, our molecular signatures indicate that the FN1 gene, a matrix key regulator, might also be involved in the prognosis and the therapeutic response in anaplastic lymphomas.
Lentiviral Vectors and Antiretroviral Intrinsic Immunity (2005)

Multicellular organisms have evolved under relentless attacks from pathogens, and as a consequence have spiked their genomes with numerous genes that serve to thwart these threats, notably through the building of the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. The innate immune system is by far the most ancient, being found as widely as in plants and Drosophila, while adaptive immunity arose with the emergence of cartilaginous fishes. Innate immunity enters rapidly into the game during the course of an infection and generally involves the recognition by specific cellular receptors of common pathogen-associated patterns to elicit broad defensive responses, mediated in humans by interferons, macrophages, and natural killer cells, amongst others. When innate immunity fails to eradicate the infection quickly, adaptive immune responses enter into play, to generate exquisitely specific defenses to virtually any pathogen, thanks to a quasi-infinite repertoire of nonself receptors and effectors. A specific form of innate immunity, coined "intrinsic immunity," completes this protection by providing a constant, always-on, line of defense, generally through intracellular obstacles to the replication of pathogens. This component of the immune system has gained much attention as it was discovered that it is a cornerstone of the resistance of mammals against retroviruses. One of these newly discovered intracellular molecular weapons, the APOBEC family of proteins, is active against several classes of retroelements. We present here the current state of knowledge on this rapidly evolving field and discuss implications for gene therapy.
Gene Therapy of Bone Morphogenetic Protein for Periodontal Tissue Engineering (2003)

These results demonstrate the first successful evidence of periodontal tissue engineering using ex vivo gene transfer of BMPs and offers a new approach for repairing periodontal defects.
Synthesis of Tungsten Oxo Alkylidene Complexes (2012)

Reaction of W(O)2(CH2-t-Bu)2(bipy) with a mixture of ZnCl2(dioxane), PMe2Ph, and trimethylsilyl chloride in toluene at 100 °C produced the known tungsten oxo alkylidene complex W(O)(CH-t-Bu)Cl2(PMe2Ph)2 (1a) in 45% isolated yield. The neophylidene analogue W(O)(CHCMe2Ph)Cl2(PMe2Ph)2 was prepared similarly in 39% yield. The reaction between 1a and LiOR (LiOR = LiOHIPT, LiOHMT) in benzene at 22 °C led to formation of the off-white W(O)(CH-t-Bu)Cl(OR)(PMe2Ph) complexes 4a (OR = OHMT = 2,6-dimesitylphenoxide) and 4b (OR = OHIPT = 2,6-(2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl)2phenoxide). Compound 4a serves as a starting material for the synthesis of W(O)(CH-t-Bu)(OHMT)(2,6-diphenylpyrrolide) (6), W(O)(CH-t-Bu)[N(C6F5)2](OHMT)(PMe2Ph) (7), W(O)(CH-t-Bu)[OSi(t-Bu)3](OHMT) (8), and W(O)(CH-t-Bu)(OHMT)2 (10). The reaction between 8 and ethylene was found to yield the square-pyramidal metallacyclobutane complex W(O)(C3H6)[OSi(t-Bu)3](OHMT) (9), while the reaction between 10 and ethylene was found to yield the square-pyramidal metallacyclobutane complex W(O)(C3H6)(OHMT)2 (11). Compound 11 loses ethylene to yield isolable W(O)(CH2)(OHMT)2 (12). X-ray structures were determined for 6, 7, 9, and 12.
Pulmonary drug delivery. Part I: Physiological factors affecting therapeutic effectiveness of aerosolized medications (2003)

As the end organ for the treatment of local diseases or as the route of administration for systemic therapies, the lung is a very attractive target for drug delivery. It provides direct access to disease in the treatment of respiratory diseases, while providing an enormous surface area and a relatively low enzymatic, controlled environment for systemic absorption of medications. As a major port of entry, the lung has evolved to prevent the invasion of unwanted airborne particles from entering into the body. Airway geometry, humidity, mucociliary clearance and alveolar macrophages play a vital role in maintaining the sterility of the lung and consequently are barriers to the therapeutic effectiveness of inhaled medications. In addition, a drug's efficacy may be affected by where in the respiratory tract it is deposited, its delivered dose and the disease it may be trying to treat.