gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microbial synthesis and characterization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicrobial synthesis and characterization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate)Shigeo Nakamura, Yoshiharu Doi, and Mariastella ScandolaCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 17, 4237–4241Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00043a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00043a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views672Altmetric-Citations139LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Resistive switching in silicon suboxide films (2012)

We report a study of resistive switching in a silicon-based memristor/resistive RAM (RRAM) device in which the active layer is silicon-rich silica. The resistive switching phenomenon is an intrinsic property of the silicon-rich oxide layer and does not depend on the diffusion of metallic ions to form conductive paths. In contrast to other work in the literature, switching occurs in ambient conditions, and is not limited to the surface of the active material. We propose a switching mechanism driven by competing field-driven formation and current-driven destruction of filamentary conductive pathways. We demonstrate that conduction is dominated by trap assisted tunneling through noncontinuous conduction paths consisting of silicon nanoinclusions in a highly nonstoichiometric suboxide phase. We hypothesize that such nanoinclusions nucleate preferentially at internal grain boundaries in nanostructured films. Switching exhibits the pinched hysteresis I/V loop characteristic of memristive systems, and on/off resistance ratios of 104:1 or higher can be easily achieved. Scanning tunneling microscopy suggests that switchable conductive pathways are 10 nm in diameter or smaller. Programming currents can be as low as 2 μA, and transition times are on the nanosecond scale.
Coherent Raman Scattering Microscopy in Biology and Medicine (2015)

Advancements in coherent Raman scattering (CRS) microscopy have enabled label-free visualization and analysis of functional, endogenous biomolecules in living systems. When compared with spontaneous Raman microscopy, a key advantage of CRS microscopy is the dramatic improvement in imaging speed, which gives rise to real-time vibrational imaging of live biological samples. Using molecular vibrational signatures, recently developed hyperspectral CRS microscopy has improved the readout of chemical information available from CRS images. In this article, we review recent achievements in CRS microscopy, focusing on the theory of the CRS signal-to-noise ratio, imaging speed, technical developments, and applications of CRS imaging in bioscience and clinical settings. In addition, we present possible future directions that the use of this technology may take.
Electrophysiological characterization of voltage-gated Na+ current expressed in the highly metastatic Mat-LyLu cell line of rat prostate cancer (1998)

Voltage-gated Na+ channels, classically associated with impulse conduction in excitable tissues, are also found in a variety of epithelial cell types where their possible functions are not known so well. We have previously reported expression of a voltage-gated Na+ channel specifically in the highly metastatic Mat-LyLu rat prostate cancer cell line; blockage of the current with tetrodotoxin (TTX) significantly reduced the invasiveness of the cells in vitro, suggesting that the channel may have a functional role in metastasis. The aim of the present study was to characterize this current using the whole-cell patch clamp recording technique, and compare it to Na+ currents found in various other tissues. The inward current of the Mat-LyLu cells was abolished completely, but reversibly, in Na+-free solution, confirming that Na+ was indeed the permeant ion. Activation occurred at -40 mV and currents reached a maximal amplitude at around 6 mV. Boltzmann fits to current activation and steady-state inactivation revealed that the currents were half activated at about -15 mV and half inactivated at -80 mV. Both current inactivation and recovery from inactivation followed a double-exponential time course with fast and slow components. The Na+ currents were highly sensitive to block by TTX (IC50 approximately 18 nM), whilst 1 microM mu-conotoxin GIIIA mostly had no effect. 100 microM Cd2+ also had no effect on the current, whilst 2.5 mM Cd2+, Mn2+, and Co2+ each caused a depolarizing shift in activation and a reduction in peak conductance of around 20%. In conclusion, the Na+ channel expressed in the highly metastatic Mat-LyLu cell line appeared to have electrophysiological and pharmacological properties of TTX-sensitive channels. Further work is needed, however, to elucidate the exact nature of the channel protein and the mechanism(s) of its involvement in cellular invasiveness.
ETV6 Gene Rearrangements Characterize a Morphologically Distinct Subset of Sinonasal Low-grade Non–intestinal-type Adenocarcinoma (2017)

Low-grade sinonasal adenocarcinomas (low-grade SNACs) of the sinonasal tract comprise a poorly characterized and histologically heterogeneous group of tumors. We describe three cases of a histologically distinct variant of low-grade SNAC characterized by ETV6 gene rearrangements. The patients included 2 women (aged 32 and 88 y) and a man (aged 75 y); all were initially treated with surgery alone. Follow-up ranged from 9 to 170 months with one patient having 2 local recurrences and none experiencing distant or regional metastases. Tumors were composed of cytologically bland columnar and cuboidal eosinophilic tumor cells with basally located nuclei arranged in tubular and tubulotrabecular patterns. Immunohistochemically, CK7, DOG1, GCDFP-15, and SOX10 were positive in all cases, and vimentin was positive in 2 cases. Scattered single cells or small groups of tumor cells were S-100 positive. Only one case had weak, focal expression of GATA3, and mammaglobin was consistently negative. Two cases had ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusions, whereas ETV6 had an unknown fusion partner gene in one case. The highly similar morphology, immunohistochemical profile, and genetics of the presented cases are suggestive of a specific disease. Although translocation-associated adenocarcinomas in the sinonasal tract have previously been described exclusively as salivary-type carcinomas, we present the first type of carcinoma characterized by recurrent genetic rearrangements and distinct phenotype occurring exclusively in the sinonasal tract with no known major salivary gland counterpart. We provisionally designate this tumor ETV6-rearranged low-grade SNAC. Identification of additional cases is necessary to fully appreciate the morphologic and biological spectrum of this disease.
MYST Family Histone Acetyltransferases in the Protozoan Parasite Toxoplasma gondii (2005)

The restructuring of chromatin precedes tightly regulated events such as DNA transcription, replication, and repair. One type of chromatin remodeling involves the covalent modification of nucleosomes by histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes. The observation that apicidin exerts antiprotozoal activity by targeting a histone deacetyltransferase has prompted our search for more components of the histone modifying machinery in parasitic protozoa. We have previously identified GNAT family HATs in the opportunistic pathogen Toxoplasma gondii and now describe the first MYST (named for members MOZ, Ybf2/Sas3, Sas2, and Tip60) family HATs in apicomplexa (TgMYST-A and -B). The TgMYST-A genomic locus is singular and generates a approximately 3.5-kb transcript that can encode two proteins of 411 or 471 amino acids. TgMYST-B mRNA is approximately 7.0 kb and encodes a second MYST homologue. In addition to the canonical MYST HAT catalytic domain, both TgMYST-A and -B possess an atypical C2HC zinc finger and a chromodomain. Recombinant TgMYST-A exhibits a predilection to acetylate histone H4 in vitro at lysines 5, 8, 12, and 16. Antibody generated to TgMYST-A reveals that both the long and short (predominant) versions are present in the nucleus and are also plentiful in the cytoplasm. Moreover, both TgMYST-A forms are far more abundant in rapidly replicating parasites (tachyzoites) than encysted parasites (bradyzoites). A bioinformatics survey of the Toxoplasma genome reveals numerous homologues known to operate in native MYST complexes. The characterization of TgMYST HATs represents another important step toward understanding the regulation of gene expression in pathogenic protozoa and provides evolutionary insight into how these processes operate in eukaryotic cells in general.
A Predominant-F0 Estimation Method for Real-world Musical Audio Signals: MAP Estimation for Incorporating Prior Knowledge about F0s and Tone Models (2001)

In this paper we describe a robust method, called PreFEst, for estimating the fundamental frequency (F0) of melody and bass lines in monaural audio signals containing sounds of various instruments. Most previous F0-estimation methods have difficulty dealing with such complex audio signals because they are designed for mixtures of only a few sounds. Without assuming the number of sound sources, PreFEst can obtain the most predominant F0 --- corresponding to the melody or bass line --- supported by harmonics within an intentionally-limited frequency range. It estimates the relative dominance of every possible F0 (represented as a probability density function of the F0) and the shape of harmonic-structure tone models by using the MAP (Maximum A Posteriori Probability) estimation considering their prior distribution. Experimental results showed that a real-time system implementing this method is robust enough to detect the melody and bass lines in compact-disc recordings.
Gender classification using selected independent-features based on Genetic Algorithm (2009)

The Gender of a face is almost its most salient feature, and realizing automatic gender classification according to the face image will boost the performance of face retrieval and face recognition in large face database. This paper proposed a new gender classification method combining independent component features selected based on genetic algorithm and support vector machine (SVM). First, the FastICA algorithm is used to derive independent basis image vectors out of the training face images. Each image is represented as a feature vector projected in the low-dimensional space spanned by the basis vectors. Then, A Genetic Algorithm is used to select a subset of features which seem to encode important information about gender from the low-dimensional representation. Finally, the SVM classifier is trained to perform gender classification using the selected independent-features subset. The experiment results show that the method gets a better classifier performance.
Cartilage repair in a rat model of osteoarthritis through intraarticular transplantation of muscle‐derived stem cells expressing bone morphogenetic protein 4 and soluble flt‐1 (2009)

Our results demonstrate that MDSC-based therapy involving sFlt-1 and BMP-4 repairs articular cartilage in OA mainly by having a beneficial effect on chondrogenesis by the donor and host cells as well as by preventing angiogenesis, which eventually prevents cartilage resorption, resulting in persistent cartilage regeneration and repair.
Characterization of the IL-15 niche in primary and secondary lymphoid organs in vivo (2014)

Significance IL-15 is a cytokine critical for development and maintenance of T lymphoid cells. However, the identity and distribution of IL-15–expressing cells in lymphoid organs are not well understood. The present study reveals, by using IL-15–CFP knock-in mice that IL-15 was expressed in subsets of thymic epithelial cells, bone marrow stromal cells, lymph node stromal cells, and blood endothelial cells, a unique perspective of IL-15 niche in immune microenvironment. Taken together with our previous observation on IL-7–producing cells, this study suggests that some stromal cells express IL-7 and IL-15 differentially. Thus, the immune microenvironment appears to be consisted of functionally distinct subsets of stromal cells, expressing different cytokines.
A Parametric Study Delineating Irreversible Electroporation from Thermal Damage Based on a Minimally Invasive Intracranial Procedure (2011)

The parametric study evaluated the influence of pulse frequency and applied voltage on treatment volumes, and refined a proposed method to delineate IRE from thermal damage. We confirm that determining an IRE treatment protocol requires incorporating all the physical effects of electroporation, and that these effects may have significant implications in treatment planning and outcome assessment. The goal of the manuscript is to provide the reader with the numerical methods to assess multiple-pulse electroporation treatment protocols in order to isolate IRE from thermal damage and capitalize on the benefits of a non-thermal mode of tissue ablation.
Self‐Organized Buffer Layers in Organic Solar Cells (2008)

A fullerene derivative with a fluorocarbon chain is applied in bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells (see figure). When a small amount of F-PCBM is mixed in, it spontaneously migrates to the surface of the organic layer during spin-casting owing to the low surface energy of the fluorocarbon. A very thin buffer layer between the polymer and the metal electrode is formed in one step, resulting in improved photovoltaic performance.
Status and Prospects of Association Mapping in Plants (2008)

There is tremendous interest in using association mapping to identify genes responsible for quantitative variation of complex traits with agricultural and evolutionary importance. Recent advances in genomic technology, impetus to exploit natural diversity, and development of robust statistical analysis methods make association mapping appealing and affordable to plant research programs. Association mapping identifies quantitative trait loci (QTLs) by examining the marker‐trait associations that can be attributed to the strength of linkage disequilibrium between markers and functional polymorphisms across a set of diverse germplasm. General understanding of association mapping has increased significantly since its debut in plants. We have seen a more concerted effort in assembling various association‐mapping populations and initiating experiments through either candidate‐gene or genome‐wide approaches in different plant species. In this review, we describe the current status of association mapping in plants and outline opportunities and challenges in complex trait dissection and genomics‐assisted crop improvement.
The stabilization of L‐ascorbic acid in aqueous solution and water‐in‐oil‐in‐water double emulsion by controlling pH and electrolyte concentration (2004)

This study presents a new approach that can stabilize effectively L-ascorbic acid in water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) double emulsions. Basically, the behavior of L-ascorbic acid in the aqueous phase was observed, considering its molecular deformation. Then, it was found that the stability determined in the aqueous phase by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that the collapse of ionization of L-ascorbic acid played a crucial role in protecting the molecular deformation. Then, the stable aqueous system was incorporated into the internal aqueous phase of the double emulsions. From the HPLC analysis, it was observed that the L-ascorbic acid in an appropriate system showed high molecular stability for a long time. Moreover, in the measurement of in vitro skin permeation, the L-ascorbic acid stabilized in this study showed considerable skin permeation ability, indicating its potential applicability in pharmaceutics and cosmetics.
<title>Comparison of stream merging algorithms for media-on-demand</title> (2001)

Stream merging is a technique for efficiently delivering popular media-on-demand using multicast and client buffers. The basic idea is that clients may simultaneously receive more data than they need for playback and store parts of the transmission in their buffers to be played back later. It was shown that with these additional capabilities, the bandwidth requirements for servers are dramatically reduced compared with traditional unicast systems and multicast systems that use only batching. Recently, several algorithms for stream merging have been proposed, and we perform a comprehensive comparison in this paper. We present the differences in philosophy and mechanics among the various algorithms, and illustrate the trade-offs between their system complexity and performance. We measure performance in average, maximum, and time-varying server bandwidth usage under different assumptions for the client request patterns. The result of this study is a deeper understanding of the system complexity and performance trade-offs for the various algorithms.
Biochemical and biomechanical characterization of porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS): a mini review. (2013)

Porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS [Oasis(®)]) is an acellular, biological extracellular matrix (ECM) that has been found to significantly improve the healing of difficult-to-heal or chronic wounds in humans. Like dermal ECM, SIS contains collagen, elastin, glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and growth factors that play important roles in healing. Preclinical studies have shown that numerous cell types attach to SIS, proliferate and migrate into the matrix, and differentiate. In addition, SIS can reduce the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-endogenous proteolytic enzymes whose levels and activities are increased in chronic wounds. Compared to the original single-layer SIS, multi-layer SIS has stronger mechanical properties and is more slowly degraded in wounds. Together, these SIS products provide flexibility in the selection of biologically-active ECMs that may be useful for the repair of diverse wound types.
Review of management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (1998)

There was evidence of over-utilization of metformin and glibenclamide in type 2 diabetes patients most at risk of adverse reactions. Insulin therapy could be a safer and more effective management strategy in many of these patients.
Lateral diffusion of inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor type 1 in Purkinje cells is regulated by calcium and actin filaments (2010)

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 (IP(3) R1) is an intracellular Ca(2+) release channel that plays crucial roles in the functions of Purkinje cells. The dynamics of IP(3) R1 on the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and the distribution of IP(3) R1 in neurons are thought to be important for the spatial regulation of Ca(2+) release. In this study, we analyzed the lateral diffusion of IP(3) R1 in Purkinje cells in cerebellar slice cultures using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. In the dendrites of Purkinje cells, IP(3) R1 showed lateral diffusion with an effective diffusion constant of approximately 0.30 μm(2) /s, and the diffusion of IP(3) R1 was negatively regulated by actin filaments. We found that actin filaments were also involved in the regulation of IP(3) R1 diffusion in the spine of Purkinje cells. Glutamate or quisqualic acid stimulation, which activates glutamate receptors and leads to a Ca(2+) transient in Purkinje cells, decreased the diffusion of IP(3) R1 and increased the density of actin in spines. These findings indicate that the neuronal activity-dependent augmentation of actin contributes to the stabilization of IP(3) R1 in spines.
Sensitization of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells to recombinant immunotoxin by immunostimulatory phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (2002)

A recombinant anti-CD25 immunotoxin, LMB-2, has shown clinical efficacy in hairy cell leukemia and T-cell neoplasms. Its activity in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is inferior but might be improved if B-CLL cells expressed higher numbers of CD25 binding sites. It was recently reported that DSP30, a phosphorothioate CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) induces immunogenicity of B-CLL cells by up-regulation of CD25 and other antigens. The present study investigated the antitumor activity of LMB-2 in the presence of DSP30. To this end, B-CLL cells from peripheral blood of patients were isolated immunomagnetically to more than 98% purity. Incubation with DSP30 for 48 hours augmented CD25 expression in 14 of 15 B-CLL samples, as assessed by flow cytometry. DSP30 increased LMB-2 cytotoxicity dose dependently whereas a control ODN with no CpG motif did not. LMB-2 displayed no antitumor cell activity in the absence of CpG-ODN as determined colorimetrically with an (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS) assay. In contrast, B-CLL growth was inhibited in 12 of 13 samples with 50% inhibition concentrations (IC(50)) in the range of LMB-2 plasma levels achieved in clinical studies. Two samples were not evaluable because of spontaneous B-CLL cell death in the presence of DSP30. Control experiments with an immunotoxin that does not recognize hematopoietic cells, and an anti-CD22 immunotoxin, confirmed that sensitization to LMB-2 was specifically due to up-regulation of CD25. LMB-2 was much less toxic to normal B and T lymphocytes compared with B-CLL cells. In summary, immunostimulatory CpG-ODNs efficiently sensitize B-CLL cells to a recombinant immunotoxin by modulation of its target. This new treatment strategy deserves further attention.