gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel lysine-protecting procedure for continuous flow solid phase synthesis of branched peptides (1993)

A new amine protecting group which can be used orthogonally with both Fmoc and Boc protection is reported; by employing lysine protected appropriately as the branching motif, a 34 residue di-epitopic peptide has been constructed by continuous flow solid phase peptide synthesis.
Compression of two-dimensional data (1986)

Distortion-free compressibility of individual pictures, i.e., two-dimensional arrays of data, by finite-state encoders is investigated. For every individual infinite picture <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</tex> , a quantity <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\rho(I)</tex> is defined, called the compressibility of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</tex> , which is shown to be the asymptotically attainable lower bound on the compression ratio that can be achieved for <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</tex> by any finite-state information-lossless encoder. This is demonstrated by means of a constructive coding theorem and its converse that, apart from their asymptotic significance, might also provide useful criteria for finite and practical data-compression tasks. The proposed picture compressibility is also shown to possess the properties that one would expect and require of a suitably defined concept of two-dimensional entropy for arbitrary probabilistic ensembles of infinite pictures. While the definition of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\rho(I)</tex> allows the use of different machines for different pictures, the constructive coding theorem leads to a universal compression scheme that is asymptotically optimal for every picture. The results are readily extendable to data arrays of any finite dimension.
PARTIAL UNMIXING OF HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY: THEORY AND METHODS (2007)

The Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) data reduction transform and Mixture Tuned Matched Filtering (MTMF) partial unmixing classification algorithm are relatively new image processing techniques that have proven to be effective target detection tools. These techniques allow partial unmixing and subpixel target abundance estimation, products that cannot be simultaneously achieved using standard mixture modeling or spectral angle mapping algorithms. This paper presents a tangible description of the technical background of both algorithms, a resource that is currently unavailable in existing literature. A demonstration of the use of the MNF and MTMF techniques is presented in detail for application to leafy spurge infestations in the Swan Valley, Idaho. The use of these techniques on hyperspectral imagery generated a producer's accuracy of 63% for infestations with canopy cover averaging 40% for imagery with 3.5 m resolution. Ramifications of image noise estimation and classification endmember selection are discussed at length and should be used as a resource guide for application to other vegetation studies.
Lipoprotein lipase in diabetes (1987)

Lipoprotein lipase has a central role in the metabolism of both triglyceride-rich particles and high density lipoproteins, and it is one determinant of both serum triglyceride and HDL concentrations. In man the enzyme activity in both adipose tissue and skeletal muscle is insulin dependent, and therefore it varies in diabetes according to ambient insulin level and insulin sensitivity. In insulin deficiency (untreated Type 1 diabetes) the enzyme activity in both adipose tissue and muscle tissue is low but increases upon insulin therapy. In chronically insulin-treated patients with good control, the enzyme activity in postheparin plasma is increased. In untreated Type 2 diabetic patients, the average enzyme activity in adipose tissue and postheparin plasma is normal or subnormal. Therapy with oral agents or insulin, resulting in good glycemic control, is followed by an increase of LPL activity in both adipose tissue and postheparin plasma. In both Types 1 and 2 diabetes, changes of LPL activity are associated with relevant alterations in lipoprotein pattern. In insulin deficiency with low LPL, serum total and VLDL triglyceride levels are elevated, and HDL concentration is reduced. In chronically insulin-treated patients with high LPL activity, VLDL triglyceride concentrations are normal or subnormal, and HDL level is increased. In untreated Type 2 diabetic patients subnormal LPL activity may contribute to the elevation of serum triglycerides and to the reduction of HDL level.
Abnormality of Gait as a Predictor of Non-Alzheimer's Dementia (2002)

The presence of neurologic gait abnormalities in elderly persons without dementia at base line is a significant predictor of the risk of development of dementia, especially non-Alzheimer's dementia.
Behavior of Some Binary Lithium Alloys as Negative Electrodes in Organic Solvent‐Based Electrolytes (1986)

In an attempt to overcome problems associated with the reversible lithium electrode in organic solvent‐based electrolytes, the electrochemical characteristics of a number of binary and ternary lithium alloys in propylene carbonate have been studied. Thermodynamic and kinetic results for the Li‐Sn, Li‐Sb, and Li‐Bi systems are reported here. In each of these systems, one or more two‐phase regions with apparently rapid transformation kinetics at ambient temperature have been identified. Lithium chemical potentials and partial molar entropies for the alloys have been determined. Constant current charge‐discharge characteristics and diffusion coefficient data have also been obtained.
Regulation of Cutaneous Malignancy by γδ T Cells (2001)

The localization of gammadelta T cells within epithelia suggests that these cells may contribute to the down-regulation of epithelial malignancies. We report that mice lacking gammadelta cells are highly susceptible to multiple regimens of cutaneous carcinogenesis. After exposure to carcinogens, skin cells expressed Rae-1 and H60, major histocompatibility complex-related molecules structurally resembling human MICA. Each of these is a ligand for NKG2d, a receptor expressed by cytolytic T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. In vitro, skin-associated NKG2d+ gammadelta cells killed skin carcinoma cells by a mechanism that was sensitive to blocking NKG2d engagement. Thus, local T cells may use evolutionarily conserved proteins to negatively regulate malignancy.
Antiangiogenesis treatment combined with chemotherapy produces chondrosarcoma necrosis. (2003)

A combination therapy protocol using a marine chemotherapeutic and an antiangiogenic molecule was tested in a mouse tumor xenograft model for the ability to curtail the growth of a human chondrosarcoma (CHSA). Ecteinascidin-743 (ET-743), a marine-derived chemotherapeutic, was effective at slowing the growth of a primary CHSA. Plasminogen-related protein B, which antagonizes various endothelial cell activities, also elicited a significant inhibition of neoplastic growth, albeit with reduced effectiveness. The combination of the two agents resulted in only a modest further repression of tumor growth over that associated with ET-743 treatment alone, as measured by tumor volume (82% versus 76% inhibition, respectively). However, analysis of the extent of tumor necrosis and vascularization of the tumor revealed that the coadministration of the two compounds was clearly more effective, eliciting a 2.5-fold increase in tumor necrosis relative to single-agent treatment. The combination therapy also was most effective at antagonizing tumor-associated microvessel formation, as assessed by CD31 immunostaining, suggesting that combination therapy may hold promise for treating CHSA. Tumor necrosis produced by combination therapy of ET-743 and recombinant plasminogen-related protein B was also significantly greater than that produced by conventional doxorubicin treatment, further corroborating the efficacy of combination therapy.
Methodological advances in protein NMR (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMethodological advances in protein NMRAd Bax and Stephan GrzesiekCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1993, 26, 4, 131–138Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00028a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00028a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1506Altmetric-Citations664LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Triazolothienopyrimidine Inhibitors of Urea Transporter UT-B Reduce Urine Concentration (2012)

Urea transport (UT) proteins facilitate the concentration of urine by the kidney, suggesting that inhibition of these proteins could have therapeutic use as a diuretic strategy. We screened 100,000 compounds for UT-B inhibition using an optical assay based on the hypotonic lysis of acetamide-loaded mouse erythrocytes. We identified a class of triazolothienopyrimidine UT-B inhibitors; the most potent compound, UTB(inh)-14, fully and reversibly inhibited urea transport with IC(50) values of 10 nM and 25 nM for human and mouse UT-B, respectively. UTB(inh)-14 competed with urea binding at an intracellular site on the UT-B protein. UTB(inh)-14 exhibited low toxicity and high selectivity for UT-B over UT-A isoforms. After intraperitoneal administration of UTB(inh)-14 in mice to achieve predicted therapeutic concentrations in the kidney, urine osmolality after administration of 1-deamino-8-D-arginine-vasopressin was approximately 700 mosm/kg H(2)O lower in UTB(inh)-14-treated mice than vehicle-treated mice. UTB(inh)-14 also increased urine output and reduced urine osmolality in mice given free access to water. UTB(inh)-14 did not reduce urine osmolality in UT-B knockout mice. In summary, these data provide proof of concept for the potential utility of UT inhibitors to reduce urinary concentration in high-vasopressin, fluid-retaining conditions. The diuretic mechanism of UT inhibitors may complement the action of conventional diuretics, which target sodium transport.
The Vascular Endothelial-Cadherin Promoter Directs Endothelial-Specific Expression in Transgenic Mice (1999)

Vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin) is a calcium-dependent adhesive molecule, exclusively and constitutively expressed in endothelial cells. Analysis of the VE-cadherin promoter fused to a reporter gene in bovine aortic endothelial cells showed three major functional regions. The proximal region alone (-139, +24) promoted nonspecific transcription; the addition of the (-289, -140) and (-2226, -1190) domains abolished transcription in fibroblasts while expression in endothelial cells remained unchanged, suggesting that fragments (-2226, +24) and longer contain the full endogenous promoter activity. To study the transcriptional specificity of the promoter region in vivo, we generated transgenic mice carrying the chimeric construct containing the (-2486, +24) region. The promoter directed reporter expression in all examined organs of adult transgenic mice. During embryonic development, transgene expression was detected at the early steps of vasculogenesis. Later, the expression persisted during development of the vascular system and was restricted to the endothelial layer of the vessels. Together, these data provide evidence for specific regulatory regions within the VE-cadherin promoter. Furthermore, the identification of DNA sequences restricting gene expression to the endothelium has many potential applications for the development of animal models of cardiovascular or angiogenic diseases or for the delivery of therapeutic molecules.
New Approaches to Lipid Bilayer Fabrication: Microfluidic Solvent Extraction and Hydrogel Encapsulation (2006)

Membrane channel proteins play crucial roles in governing the transport of material and energy across every cellular membrane. Accordingly, they are the subjects of interest for science and medicine as well as major targets of drug discovery efforts. Recent work has also shown their potential as highly rapid and sensitive single molecule sensors. However, techniques conventionally used to measure the electrical transport through these proteins can be problematic to form and are extremely fragile, limiting the range and scope of possible studies. We have developed two new technologies which alleviate these shortcomings: in situ encapsulation of lipid membranes in hydrogels and automated microfluidic formation. The hydrogel encapsulated membranes are mechanically robust and long-lived as a result of the intimate contact between the hydrogel and the membrane, enabling measurements of single channel currents for a week or longer. The automated microfluidic formation apparatus enables the creation and manipulation of lipid membranes and the incorporation and measurement of channel proteins in these membranes through an entirely computer controlled process. We are working to apply these technologies toward DNA sequencing, drug discovery, and single molecule biophysics.
Being Together in Time: Musical Experience and the Mirror Neuron System (2009)

THE DISCOVERY OF INDIVIDUAL "MIRROR NEURONS" in the macaque brain that fire both when an action is executed and when that same action is observed or heard, and of a homologous system in humans, is leading to an extraordinary conceptual shift in our understanding of perception-action mechanisms, human communication, and empathy. In a recent model of emotional responses to music (Molnar-Szakacs &amp; Overy, 2006), we proposed that music is perceived not only as an auditory signal, but also as intentional, hierarchically organized sequences of expressive motor acts behind the signal; and that the human mirror neuron system allows for corepresentation and sharing of a musical experience between agent and listener. Here, we expand upon this model of Shared Affective Motion Experience (SAME) and discuss its implications for music therapy and special education.We hypothesize that imitation, synchronization, and shared experience may be key elements of successful work in these areas.
Analysis of Current/Voltage Curves at n ‐ Si / SiO2 / Pt Electrodes: Evidence for Hot Electron Reduction (1994)

Current voltage curves for reduction of iron ferricyanide at room temperature using thin Pt films on n‐Si (100)/25 Å electrodes are explained by the action of hot electrons and interface states. The exchange current for electron transfer was determined as a function of Pt film thickness in 0.3M each potassium pH 6.0. The current density‐thickness plots had maxima at 160 to 180 Å at overpotential. The energy loss, δ, defined as the difference between and the energy level of the electron at the metal/electrolyte interface surface varied from 0.05 at 25 Å to 0.84 eV at and remained constant to 400 Å signifying fully cooled electrons for such thicker films. The small magnitude of δ for the thinnest films indicates hot electron cooling occurs within the Pt film. The characteristic length for loss of 50% of the 0.84 eV excess energy was 140 Å. Interface states were deduced from Tafel slopes. These states were associated with possible Pt penetration into the film as indicated by an anomalously high tunneling probability.
Migraine Pain and Nociceptor Activation—Where Do We Stand? (2010)

The mechanisms underlying the genesis of migraine pain remain enigmatic largely because of the absence of any identifiable cephalic pathology. Based on numerous indirect lines of evidence, 2 nonmutually exclusive hypotheses have been put forward. The first theorizes that migraine pain originates in the periphery and requires the activation of primary afferent nociceptive neurons that innervate cephalic tissues, primarily the cranial meninges and their related blood vessels. The second maintains that nociceptor activation may not be required and that the headache is promoted primarily as a result of abnormal processing of sensory signals in the central nervous system. This paper reviews the evidence leading to these disparate theories while siding with the primacy of nociceptor activation in the genesis migraine headache. The paper further examines the potential future use of established human models of migraine for addressing the origin of migraine headache.
Comprehensive Analysis of Copy Number and Allele Status Identifies Multiple Chromosome Defects Underlying Follicular Lymphoma Pathogenesis (2007)

This comprehensive description of the pathologic anatomy of the FL genome uncovers novel genetic lesions and should aid with identification of genes relevant to FL biology and clinical behavior.
A shear and vertical stress sensor for physiological measurements using fibre Bragg gratings (2002)

In-shoe shear stress sensors are a required tool for the investigation of plantar ulcer development after the onset of diabetes. Recently, several transducers have been developed for measuring in-shoe shear stress. Common drawbacks are the relatively large size of the sensors and the difficulty in interrogating many sensors simultaneously in order to achieve distributed sensing. Fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs) are an attractive method for this application because of their small size, and their multiplexing capability, which enables quasi-distributed sensing of shear stress on the plantar surface by interrogating a large number of identical sensors. The authors have designed a novel sensor using 3 BBGs embedded in a 10/spl times/1093 mm block of elastic material. This sensor is capable of measuring vertical stress as well as the magnitude and the direction of shear stress on its top surface. The sensor design is based on the theory of elasticity of solid polymers. Application of stress produces axial strain on the embedded fibres, which can be calculated by measuring the Bragg wavelength shift of the reflected light from each FBG using a CCD spectrometer. Preliminary experimental results have shown linear response of the sensor, good repeatability, and high resolution (<5 kPa) in both vertical and shear stress measurements.
Spectral karyotyping combined with locus‐specific FISH simultaneously defines genes and chromosomes involved in chromosomal translocations (2000)

Genes that play roles in malignant transformation have often been found proximate to cancer-associated chromosomal breakpoints. Identifying genes that flank chromosomal reconfigurations is thus essential for cancer cytogenetics. To simplify and expedite this identification, we have developed a novel approach, based on simultaneous spectral karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) which, in a single step, can identify gross chromosomal aberrations as well as detect the involvement of specific loci in these rearrangements. Signals for specifically queried genes (FISH probe) were easily detectable in metaphase cells, together with the signals from painted chromosomes (spectral karyotyping probes). The concentration and size of the FISH probes could cover a wide range and still be used successfully. Some of the nucleotide-bound dyes used for the labeling, as Cy3, Spectrum Orange, Alexa 594, Texas Red, and Rhodamine 110, were particularly efficient. More than one gene can be queried in the same metaphase, because multiple FISH probes could be hybridized simultaneously. To demonstrate this technique, we applied it to the myeloma cell line Karpas 620, which has numerous chromosomal rearrangements. The approach that we present here will be particularly useful for the analysis of complex karyotypes and for testing hypotheses arising from cancer gene expression studies. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 27:418–423, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Severe outbreaks of respiratory disease in dairy herds caused by bovine respiratory syncytial virus (1991)

Blood samples were collected from 6 herds, 408 cows/herd in the acute phase of respiratory disease and 3-4 weeks later during the convalescence period. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus was shown to be the cause of outbreaks of severe respiratory illness in dairy herds throughout Sweden during 1988-89. The diagnosis was made by comparison of paired acute and convalescent serum antibody titres. An ELISA, applying a monoclonal antibody (MAb) to bovine immunoglobulin IgG was used. To screen for the prevalence of the infection on a herd basis, the indirect ELISA- test was also used for bulk milk samples. 21 milk samples from clinically ill and 15 milk samples from apparently healthy herds were tested. The mean absorbance values for positive herds were 0.94 whereas it was 0.02, for negative herds. It was concluded that this test was a highly sensitive and rapid method to screen for the prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus infection on a herd.
Content-based indexing and retrieval of visual information (1997)

The ease of capturing and encoding digital images has produced a massive amount of visual information online. As a consequence, grand challenges have emerged in the areas of storage, indexing, and retrieval of visual information in large archives. How does one find a photograph from a large archive that contains millions of pictures? How does a CNN video journalist find a specific clip from the myriad of video tapes, ranging from historical to contemporary, from sports to humanities? Efficient, real-time algorithms and systems are needed to address these needs of not only professionals but for users who want to find visual information online.
Construction of solid matrix-antibody-antigen complexes containing simian immunodeficiency virus p27 using tag-specific monoclonal antibody and tag-linked antigen (1992)

We have previously shown that immunization with solid matrix-antigen-antibody (SMAA) complexes induces both vigorous humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and have suggested that this method of vaccination may be developed for use in humans, and potentially as a vaccine against AIDS. Here we demonstrate that a small oligopeptide can act as a tag for the construction of SMAA complexes using a tag-specific monoclonal antibody and tag-linked antigens. We show that a 14-amino acid oligopeptide, present in the phospho (P) and V proteins of simian virus 5 (SV5), retains its antigenicity when attached to the C terminus of three 'foreign' proteins [p27 and gp110 of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and glutathione S-transferase] such that these proteins can be incorporated into SMAA complexes using a monoclonal antibody (MAb) that was originally raised against the native SV5 P and V proteins. Mice were immunized with SMAA complexes containing recombinant p27-TAG and MAbs have been isolated that recognized native SIV p27. The significance of these results in terms of the development of SMAA complexes as human vaccines is discussed.