gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular cloning of a cDNA clone encoding a phosphoprotein component related to the Ig receptor-mediated signal transduction. (1995)

We have shown previously that a 52-kDa phosphoprotein (p52) co-precipitated with Ig receptor (IgR)-associated MB-1 protein was inducibly phosphorylated by the stimulation with 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate. By immunizing the 52-kDa protein co-precipitated with MB-1, we prepared a mAb (19-14), which can immunoprecipitate the p52 and the associated kinase molecule. Immune complex kinase assay with the 19-14 mAb showed that the p52 is associated with a novel kinase molecule and is involved in IgR-mediated signal transduction. Here we isolated a cDNA clone (alpha 4) from a murine bone marrow cDNA library in lambda gt-11 vector by the 19-14 mAb. The alpha 4 cDNA encodes a novel protein of 340 amino acids with multiple potential phosphorylation sites. The 1.4-kb alpha 4 mRNA is expressed in various cells including cell lines of B lineage, T lineage, monocytic, fibroblast, and normal organs such as liver, spleen, thymus, and brain. To study the molecule encoded by the alpha 4 cDNA, we produced a chimeric protein of the glutathione S transferase (GST)-alpha 4 in pGEX-3X expression vector. The 19-14 mAb binds to the GST-alpha 4 fusion protein. Rabbit anti-alpha 4 Ab prepared by immunizing the GST-alpha 4 fusion protein immunoprecipitated a 52-kDa phosphoprotein from WEHI-231 cells. The 52-kDa phosphoprotein immunoprecipitated by the anti-alpha 4 Ab is tightly associated with kinase activity that is similarly observed with the p52 protein reported previously. Moreover, the 52-kDa phosphoprotein immunoprecipitated with the anti-alpha 4 Ab is identical to the p52 by the protein comparison on non-equilibrium pH gradient gel electrophoresis/SDS-PAGE, isoelectric focusing/SDS-PAGE, and V8 protease mapping. The 52-kDa phosphoprotein is associated with functional components that are inducibly phosphorylated by anti-IgM stimulation. These results suggested that the alpha 4 gene-encoded molecule is functionally involved in the IgR-mediated signal transduction in B cells.
Formulations and related activities for the oral administration of poorly water-soluble compounds in early discovery animal studies: An overview of frequently applied approaches. Part 1 (2002)

An increasing number of compounds that are investigated in industrial drug discovery are characterized as having low aqueous solubility. Combined with other unfavorable physicochemical characteristics, poor solubility can lead to low oral bioavailability. Even though low systemic exposure may be overcome with suitable formulation principles, an increase in oral bioavailability in early animal experiments due to the co-administered dosing vehicle may not always be desirable. Since most animal experiments in drug discovery are performed in order to rank compounds according to their intrinsic pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, an impact of the formulation on these parameters should either be excluded or understood. This review summarizes common formulation approaches and related activities such as salt or prodrug screening, performed in order to orally administer these types of compounds to laboratory animals and, in some instances, to eventually increase their systemic exposure. In addition, the suitability of these approaches in different stages of the drug discovery process from lead identification up to clinical candidate selection is discussed.
Molecular and genetic analysis of the gene encoding the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strand exchange protein Sep1. (1991)

Vegetatively grown Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells contain an activity that promotes a number of homologous pairing reactions. A major portion of this activity is due to strand exchange protein 1 (Sep1), which was originally purified as a 132,000-Mr species (R. Kolodner, D. H. Evans, and P. T. Morrison, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:5560-5564, 1987). The gene encoding Sep1 was cloned, and analysis of the cloned gene revealed a 4,587-bp open reading frame capable of encoding a 175,000-Mr protein. The protein encoded by this open reading frame was overproduced and purified and had a relative molecular weight of approximately 160,000. The 160,000-Mr protein was at least as active in promoting homologous pairing as the original 132,000-Mr species, which has been shown to be a fragment of the intact 160,000-Mr Sep1 protein. The SEP1 gene mapped to chromosome VII within 20 kbp of RAD54. Three Tn10LUK insertion mutations in the SEP1 gene were characterized. sep1 mutants grew more slowly than wild-type cells, showed a two- to fivefold decrease in the rate of spontaneous mitotic recombination between his4 heteroalleles, and were delayed in their ability to return to growth after UV or gamma irradiation. Sporulation of sep1/sep1 diploids was defective, as indicated by both a 10- to 40-fold reduction in spore formation and reduced spore viability of approximately 50%. The majority of sep1/sep1 diploid cells arrested in meiosis after commitment to recombination but prior to the meiosis I cell division. Return-to-growth experiments showed that sep1/sep1 his4X/his4B diploids exhibited a five- to sixfold greater meiotic induction of His+ recombinants than did isogenic SEP1/SEP1 strains. sep1/sep1 mutants also showed an increased frequency of exchange between HIS4, LEU2, and MAT and a lack of positive interference between these markers compared with wild-type controls. The interaction between sep1, rad50, and spo13 mutations suggested that SEP1 acts in meiosis in a pathway that is parallel to the RAD50 pathway.
An adaptive antenna selection scheme for transmit diversity in OFDM systems (2002)

In wireless communication systems, as one of the effective techniques for combating fading, transmit diversity has attracted much attention, especially when receive diversity is expensive or impractical due to the constraint of terminal size. In this study we consider an adaptive carrier-by-carrier basis antenna selection scheme for transmit diversity in OFDM systems under the assumption that a transmitter has priori knowledge of the channel state information (CSI). In the proposed schemes transmit antennas are selected adaptively for each subcarrier according to CSI.
Assessment of Aggressive Behavior and Plasma Testosterone in a Young Criminal Population (1972)

Plasma testosterone, levels of fighting and verbal aggression in prison and past criminal behavior were studied in 21 young prisoners. In addition, several psychologic tests were administered. Analysis of plasma testosterone showed considerable stability of an individual's values over the 2-week study period, with highly significant differences observed between individuals. Plasma testosterone levels did not differ in fighting and nonfighting individuals. Although there were significant correlations between psychologic tests, the test scales did not correlate either with plasma testosterone or with fighting behavior. The 10 prisoners with histories of more violent and aggressive crimes in adolescence had a significantly higher level of testosterone than the 11 prisoners without such a history. An hypothesis is presented that within a population that is predisposed by virtue of social factors to develop antisocial behaviors, levels of testosterone may be an important additional factor in placing individuals at risk to commit more aggressive crimes in adolescence.
Controlling Gene Expression in Living Cells Through Small Molecule-RNA Interactions (1998)

Short RNA aptamers that specifically bind to a wide variety of ligands in vitro can be isolated from randomized pools of RNA. Here it is shown that small molecule aptamers also bound their ligand in vivo, enabling development of a method for controlling gene expression in living cells. Insertion of a small molecule aptamer into the 5' untranslated region of a messenger RNA allowed its translation to be repressible by ligand addition in vitro as well as in mammalian cells. The ability of small molecules to control expression of specific genes could facilitate studies in many areas of biology and medicine.
GPU-accelerated path rendering (2012)

For thirty years, resolution-independent 2D standards (e.g. PostScript, SVG) have depended on CPU-based algorithms for the filling and stroking of paths. Advances in graphics hardware have largely ignored accelerating resolution-independent 2D graphics rendered from paths. We introduce a two-step "Stencil, then Cover" (StC) programming interface. Our GPU-based approach builds upon existing techniques for curve rendering using the stencil buffer, but we explicitly decouple in our programming interface the stencil step to determine a path's filled or stroked coverage from the subsequent cover step to rasterize conservative geometry intended to test and reset the coverage determinations of the first step while shading color samples within the path. Our goals are completeness, correctness, quality, and performance---yet we go further to unify path rendering with OpenGL's established 3D and shading pipeline. We have built and productized our approach to accelerate path rendering as an OpenGL extension.
Genes encoding the candidate enzyme for anaerobic activation of n ‐alkanes in the denitrifying bacterium, strain HxN1 (2007)

Strain HxN1, a member of the Betaproteobacteria, can grow anaerobically by denitrification with n-alkanes. n-Alkanes are apparently activated by subterminal carbon addition to fumarate yielding (1-methylalkyl)succinates, the postulated enzyme being (1-methylalkyl)succinate synthase (Mas). Genes encoding this enzyme (mas) were searched for via proteins that were specifically formed in n-hexane-grown cells (in comparison with caproate-grown cells), as revealed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Partial amino acid sequencing and subsequent probe development for hybridization of restricted DNA led to the identification of a gene cluster. Deduced proteins are similar to the subunits of benzylsuccinate synthase (Bss), the toluene-activating enzyme in other anaerobic bacteria and its activase. The tentative (1-methylalkyl)succinate synthase is presumably a heterotrimer (MasDEC) which, like benzylsuccinate synthase, contains a motif (in MasD, the large subunit) characteristic of glycyl radical-bearing sites. Based on amino acid sequence comparison, the tentative (1-methylalkyl)succinate synthase branches outside of the phylogenetic cluster of benzylsuccinate synthases from different organisms and represents a separate line of descent within glycyl radical enzymes. n-Hexane-induced co-transcription of the mas genes and additional genes of an apparent operon was demonstrated by Northern hybridization experiments.
New Efficient Three-Party Quantum Key Distribution Protocols (2009)

Most of the existing quantum key distribution protocols (QKDPs) assume that every communicating party is equipped with quantum devices (QDs), e.g., the qubit generating machine, or the quantum memory, or the qubit measuring machine. However, in the practical situation, these QDs are expensive, and a center may be the only party that affords to own these devices. Though Phoenix first realize the idea, their scheme only has 13% of qubit efficiency. This paper proposes two three-party QKDPs. The first QKDP with an honest center allows communicants to share a session key by only performing unitary operations. Moreover, considering the trustworthiness of the center, this paper further proposes the second QKDP without the assumption of a trusted center. Besides, the proposed three-party QKDPs provide better qubit efficiency than the other QKDPs due to the use of the quantum memory and the use of one-way hash function for the eavesdropping check, and the security of proposed QKDPs is shown in the ¿sequence-of-games approach¿.
A subfraction of B220+ cells in murine bone marrow and spleen does not belong to the B cell lineage but has dendritic cell characteristics (2002)

Although CD45R/B220 is commonly used as a pan-B cell marker in the mouse, not all B220(+) cells belong to the B cell lineage. Here we report the characterization of a subpopulation of B220(+)CD19(-) cells in murine bone marrow, which failed to express markers that are present in early CD19(--) B cell precursors. Instead, these cells expressed low levels of MHC class II and CD11c, which are typically found on dendritic cells (DC). Moreover, these B220(+)CD19(-)CD11c(+) cells expressed Gr-1, indicating that they are related to the recently identified murine plasmacytoid DC or their progenitors. Therefore, we evaluated surface marker expression of the B220(+)CD19(-)CD11c(+) cells in lymphoid tissues of C57BL/6 mice, recombinase activating gene-1 deficient mice, lacking mature B and T lymphocytes, and mice with a targeted disruption of the Ig H chain mu membrane exon (mu MT), lacking mature B lymphocytes. When comparing bone marrow and spleen, we found that the surface profiles of B220(+)CD19(-)CD11c(+) cells were remarkably similar, indicating that they are in a comparable maturation or activation stage in the two lymphoid compartments. In addition, the almost complete absence of peripheral B220(+) B-lineage cells in mu MT mice allowed the anatomical localization of the B220(+)CD19(-)CD11c(+) cells to the red pulp and the T cell areas in the spleen. Taken together, our findings indicate that the mouse bone marrow contains a recirculating population of B220(+)CD19(-) CD11c(+) plasmacytoid DC, the development of which is largely independent of the presence of mature T and B cells.
Detection of Morphine by Hemagglutination-Inhibition (1971)

Abstract The production of antibodies reactive with morphine and a radioimmunoassay sensitive to 0.5 ng of the drug has been recently described (1). This note confirms these findings and describes a rapid, simple and inexpensive hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test of equal or greater sensitivity which appears to be adaptable to the screening of large numbers of urine specimens with a minimum of effort and equipment. The immune serum used in the experiments to be described was obtained from a rabbit 4 weeks after a first injection with 1.0 mg of a conjugate of carboxymethylmorphine (CMM) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) in complete Freund's adjuvant and 1 week after a booster of another 1.0 mg. While the immunizing antigen was kindly donated by Dr. C. W. Parker, preparations of CMM and their conjugates used in the in vitro work and in the immunization of additional rabbits were prepared by us according to Spector and Parker and the references cited in their article (1).
In vitro effects of growth factors and dexamethasone on rat marrow stromal cells. (1995)

Bone marrow contains multipotential stromal stem cells that can differentiate into fibroblastic, osteogenic, adipocytic, and other cell lines. There is evidence for a considerable degree of plasticity in the differentiation of these different marrow stromal lines. Additional studies have been undertaken investigating the effects of basic fibroblastic growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta), and dexamethasone on the proliferation and differentiation of rat marrow stromal cells in in vitro cultures. Cell proliferation was stimulated by bFGF and inhibited by dexamethasone and TGF beta. Alkaline phosphatase activity was stimulated by TGF beta and dexamethasone, whereas the expression of the enzyme was inhibited by bFGF. Adipogenesis was induced in cultures containing dexamethasone, but this was depressed by the presence of TGF beta. These observations support the authors' previous hypothesis that there may be an inverse relationship between the differentiation of osteogenic and adipocytic cell lines. The results are relevant to osteoporosis and the aging skeleton, where excess marrow fat is a common feature, and have implications for the pathology of bone and marrow.
Novel Carbapenem-Hydrolyzing β-Lactamase, KPC-1, from a Carbapenem-Resistant Strain ofKlebsiella pneumoniae (2001)

A Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate showing moderate to high-level imipenem and meropenem resistance was investigated. The MICs of both drugs were 16 microg/ml. The beta-lactamase activity against imipenem and meropenem was inhibited in the presence of clavulanic acid. The strain was also resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam. Isoelectric focusing studies demonstrated three beta-lactamases, with pIs of 7.2 (SHV-29), 6.7 (KPC-1), and 5.4 (TEM-1). The presence of bla(SHV) and bla(TEM) genes was confirmed by specific PCRs and DNA sequence analysis. Transformation and conjugation studies with Escherichia coli showed that the beta-lactamase with a pI of 6.7, KPC-1 (K. pneumoniae carbapenemase-1), was encoded on an approximately 50-kb nonconjugative plasmid. The gene, bla(KPC-1), was cloned in E. coli and shown to confer resistance to imipenem, meropenem, extended-spectrum cephalosporins, and aztreonam. The amino acid sequence of the novel carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase, KPC-1, showed 45% identity to the pI 9.7 carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase, Sme-1, from Serratia marcescens S6. Hydrolysis studies showed that purified KPC-1 hydrolyzed not only carbapenems but also penicillins, cephalosporins, and monobactams. KPC-1 had the highest affinity for meropenem. The kinetic studies also revealed that clavulanic acid and tazobactam inhibited KPC-1. An examination of the outer membrane proteins of the parent K. pneumoniae strain demonstrated that the strain does not express detectable levels of OmpK35 and OmpK37, although OmpK36 is present. We concluded that carbapenem resistance in K. pneumoniae strain 1534 is mainly due to production of a novel Bush group 2f, class A, carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase, KPC-1, although alterations in porin expression may also play a role.
Direct analysis of 4-methylimidazole in foods using paper spray mass spectrometry (2013)

Rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of 4-methylimidazole (4-MEI) in caramel and beverage samples is demonstrated using the paper spray form of ambient ionization mass spectrometry. The minimum level of pure 4-MEI detectable using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in a triple quadrupole instrument was 3 pg μL⁻¹ in neat solvent and 5 pg μL⁻¹ in a matrix containing caramel. This method was used to analyze 11 caramel samples for 4-MEI. After implementing effective quality control protocols, average relative standard deviations for paper spray triple quadrupole MS were less than 15% and the linear dynamic range was three orders of magnitude. Results obtained on three different days by two different analyst groups agreed closely. An ion trap tandem MS method of approximate quantitative analysis is also described and it gave similar precision to the triple quadrupole experiment when fluctuations in ion currents were cancelled by simultaneously isolating the analyte and internal standard and fragmenting both in an ion trap simultaneous MRM experiment. As another alternative, a rapid qualitative screening method based on the use of high-resolution measurements instead of tandem mass spectrometry using an Orbitrap was also tested and found to give a detection limit of 100 pg μL⁻¹.
Surface, core, and X genes of hepatitis B virus in hepatocellular carcinoma (2002)

We found molecular evidence that HBV is an important contributing factor in the etiology of HCC in South India. In HCC, the S gene of the virus was the most prevalent followed by the X and C genes. Only integrated forms of the viral DNA were observed. Nonisotopic in situ hybridization using multiple regions of the viral genome is a good technique for studying this association. It has an added advantage over polymerase chain reaction, of localization of signals in a tumor cell. Cell blocks made from fine-needle aspirates are ideal for in situ hybridization.
Reactions of chloromethyl silanes with hydrated Aerosil silicas (1967)

Methyl chlorosilane vapours react with the surface hydroxyls of Aerosil silicas at temperatures above about 250°C. Infra-red spectroscopic studies on deuterium exchanged samples show that only the external hydroxyl-groups are affected. The trimethyl- and dimethyl-substituted chlorosilanes react selectively but completely with the isolated or single surface hydroxyls, whereas the monomethyl and tetrachloro compounds also react with some of the interacting hydrogen-bonded surface groups. Analyses of the solid reaction products from the dimethyl and trimethyl chlorosilane + silica reactions suggest that these compounds react largely 1 : 1 with the single surface hydroxyls although 1 : 2 bridging reactions occur on preheating the solid to temperatures of the order of 500°C. By comparing these results with those reported earlier1 it is suggested that the selectivity of reactions of this type is controlled largely by the stereochemistry of the activated transition-state structure of the organic molecule.
High Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion and Loss of High Avidity Cross-Reactive Cytotoxic T-Cells during the Course of Secondary Dengue Virus Infection (2007)

Dengue serotype cross-reactive CTL clones showing high avidity for antigen produce higher levels of inflammatory cytokines than serotype-specific clones. That such cells cannot be expanded from convalescent samples suggests that they may be depleted, perhaps as a consequence of activation-induced cell death. Such high avidity cross-reactive memory CTL may produce inflammatory cytokines during the course of secondary infection, contributing to the pathogenesis of vascular leak. These cells appear to be subsequently deleted leaving a more serotype-specific memory CTL pool. Further studies are needed to relate these cellular observations to disease phenotype in a large group of patients. If confirmed they have significant implications for understanding the role of virus-specific CTL in pathogenesis of dengue disease.
A Low Cost PON Transceiver using Single TO-CAN Type micro-BOSA (2006)

A novel low-cost small-form-factor (SFF) optical transceiver using a micro-compact bi-directional optical sub-assembly (micro-BOSA) for passive optical network (PON) application is proposed. In this micro-BOSA, optical transmitting and receiving functions are incorporated in a single TO-CAN package. The BOSA is compact and its pin assignment provides fine connection to printed circuit board and fit in transceiver housing. Bi-directional optical transmission at 1.25Gbit/s with the receiver minimum sensitivity of -28.2dBm is demonstrated for the fabricated transceiver with the proposed micro-BOSA
Sensing meets mobile social networks (2008)

We present the design, implementation, evaluation, and user ex periences of theCenceMe application, which represents the first system that combines the inference of the presence of individuals using off-the-shelf, sensor-enabled mobile phones with sharing of this information through social networking applications such as Facebook and MySpace. We discuss the system challenges for the development of software on the Nokia N95 mobile phone. We present the design and tradeoffs of split-level classification, whereby personal sensing presence (e.g., walking, in conversation, at the gym) is derived from classifiers which execute in part on the phones and in part on the backend servers to achieve scalable inference. We report performance measurements that characterize the computational requirements of the software and the energy consumption of the CenceMe phone client. We validate the system through a user study where twenty two people, including undergraduates, graduates and faculty, used CenceMe continuously over a three week period in a campus town. From this user study we learn how the system performs in a production environment and what uses people find for a personal sensing system.