gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Status Report on EIA Broadband Modem Standards (1980)

Interest in the distribution of data via two-way CATV cable networks has been a topic at NCTA conventions for over ten years. However, only a very limited amount of hardware and associated application software has actually been implemented on CATV systems over this period of time. The technology has, nevertheless, undergone extens-ive development and practical utilization. This activity has taken place primarily in the industrial environment rather th.an within the CATV industry which originally developed the- broadband cable technology. Large scale production plants (in the order of one to two million square feet) recognized the need for an economical medium which. would permit the distribution of high speed data throughout the plant without the need for running individual twisted pairs in conduit. There was also a need for audio and television distribution but to a lesser degree. Various manufact ueers responded to this requirement by developing and marketing data modems to thie industrial and commercial world. In this process each modem vendor and user was utilizing the cable bandwidth in a different manner. The potential conflicts and incompatibilities were becoming evident to the growing number of users and modem vendors. As a result, the Broadband Committee of the EIA (Electronic Industry Association) established in May 1978 a technical committee TR 40.1 to develop standard for industrial and commerical modems which interface to the broadband CATV coax.
Thermoresponsive Polypeptides from Pegylated Poly-l-glutamates (2011)

The synthesis and characterization of new thermoresponsive pegylated poly-L-glutamate (poly-L-EG(x)Glu) are described. The obtained polypeptides display low critical solution temperature (LCST) behaviors in water, and the LCST can be tuned via copolymerization of different amino acid monomers at varied molar ratio. This is the first example of thermoresponsive polypeptide made from ring-opening polymerization of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs). Circular dichroism characterizations reveal that the secondary structure of poly-L-EG(x)Glu depended on the chain length of the side chain.
<title>Markets for marking systems</title> (1991)

Just a word of definition before we begin. This sounds a little bit esoteric and maybe it's marketing lingo but what I'd like to do is separate the markers by technology rather than by wavelength. Soiaeone said to me once there's two kinds of people in this world, those that divide things into two categories and those that don't. Well, I'm apparently in the first category. And the way I'd like to do that is divide the products by what we call focussed spot markers and image masked markers. In the past we've just simply said YAG and C02, but lately there's been a lot of crossover in the technology. It appears that it will continue.
Human lysosomal sphingomyelinase: substrate efficacy of apolipoprotein/sphingomyelin complexes (1986)

Human apolipoprotein stimulation of sphingomyelin (SM) hydrolysis by sphingomyelinase from human skin fibroblasts has been studied. Apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, B, C-I, and E do not enhance sphingomyelin hydrolysis above control levels. In contrast, apoC-II stimulates sphingomyelin hydrolysis by approximately 2.5-fold. ApoC-III, the most potent apoprotein activator, stimulates hydrolysis by 3-4-fold. ApoC-III stimulation is not significantly different for the three different isoforms which carry 0, 1, or 2 sialic acid residues. The amino-terminal half of this apoprotein, C-III(1-40), which does not bind to phospholipid surfaces, does not activate sphingomyelinase. In contrast, the carboxyl-terminal half, C-III(41-79), which strongly binds to phospholipid surfaces, stimulates sphingomyelin hydrolysis to the same level as that produced by the intact, full-length apoprotein. Incubation of sphingomyelin vesicles with increasing proportions of apoC-III results in the formation of complexes of increasing apoC-III:SM ratio and decreasing radius. The hydrolysis of sphingomyelin in the 1:50 (mol/mol) complex was more than 2-fold greater than that of the 1:200 (mol/mol) complex. The rate of hydrolysis of egg yolk sphingomyelin in the 1:50 complex was maximal [0.9 mumol h-1 (mg of protein)-1] at the gel----liquid-crystalline phase transition temperature (Tm) of the complex (40 degrees C). The rate of hydrolysis fell markedly at either higher or lower temperature. Determination of the apparent Km and Vmax values below, at, and above Tm indicated that the temperature dependence of sphingomyelin hydrolysis was attributable primarily to changes in Vmax.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Biologically active Arg-Gly-Asp oligopeptides assume a type II .beta.-turn in solution (1993)

The sequence Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) has been found to be the consensus sequence of matrix proteins for binding cell surface receptors (integrins). Studies with synthetic peptides containing the RGD sequence show that the biological activity of these oligopeptides is removed upon a conservative substitution of Glu for Asp in the RGD sequence. Two-dimensional 1H NMR methods were used to investigate the secondary structures in aqueous solution for two such oligopeptides of differing biological activity. The sequence Tyr-Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro, which binds to selected integrins, is found to assume a type II beta-turn at both pH 4 and 7. In contrast, the sequence Tyr-Gly-Arg-Gly-Glu-Ser-Pro, which does not interfere with integrin-mediated cell attachment, is found to assume a type I or III beta-turn at both pH 4 and 7. This comparison confirms not only that oligopeptides can assume a secondary structure in aqueous solution, but also that these structures may be important to biological functions.
Heteroaromatic Rings of the Future (2009)

Small aromatic ring systems are of central importance in the development of novel synthetic protein ligands. Here we generate a complete list of 24,847 such ring systems. We call this list and associated annotations VEHICLe, which stands for virtual exploratory heterocyclic library. Searches of literature and compound databases, using this list as substructure queries, identified only 1701 as synthesized. Using a carefully validated machine learning approach, we were able to estimate that the number of unpublished, but synthetically tractable, VEHICLe rings could be over 3000. However, analysis also shows that the rate of publication of novel examples to be as low as 5-10 per year. With this work, we aim to provide fresh stimulus to creative organic chemists by highlighting a small set of apparently simple ring systems that are predicted to be tractable but are, to the best of our knowledge, unconquered.
Inhibition of spontaneous breast cancer formation in female C3H(Avy/a) mice by long-term treatment with dehydroepiandrosterone. (1979)

Long-term p.o. treatment with dehydroepiandrosterone, an adrenal steroid found in subnormal plasma concentrations in women predisposed to develop breast cancer, inhibits the formation of spontaneous mammary cancer in female C3H(Avy/a) mice.
Peptide Controls on Calcite Mineralization:  Polyaspartate Chain Length Affects Growth Kinetics and Acts as a Stereochemical Switch on Morphology (2005)

Polyaspartate domains are a prominent feature of proteins associated with biogenic carbonates and have been implicated in modifying crystal morphology through specific interactions with step edges. Here, we show that the morphology and growth kinetics of calcite are modified in a systematic way when a series of poly-l-aspartates, Asp1-6, are introduced into solution. In-situ measurements of step propagation rates by atomic force microscopy reveal these effects are strongly chain-length dependent and specific to the crystallographically distinct, obtuse and acute step types. Direct observations of differential roughening and rounding of the step edges demonstrate that, while Asp1 and Asp2 have stronger effects on acute step edges, a crossover occurs for the longer Asp4,5,6 peptides that preferentially affect obtuse steps. Independent analysis of Aspn−step edge interactions by semiempirical quantum mechanical modeling gives estimates of aspartate−step edge binding energies and predicts that the crossover should occur at n = 2. The switch occurs because, upon Aspn binding, the energy required to dehydrate acute steps is greater than that at the obtuse steps when n = 3−6. Step velocity measurements show that the concentration of Aspn needed to stop growth scales exponentially and inversely with the calculated binding energies. A simple model of Aspn adsorption to the steps is derived from these results. These findings suggest a process by which small fluctuations in primary structure in proteins can control calcite shape.
Washcoat Technology and Precious Metal Loading Study Targeting the California LEV MDV2 Standard (1996)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Meeting the California Medium-Duty truck emissions standards presents a significant challenge to automotive engineers due to the combination of sustained high temperature exhaust conditions, high flow rates and relatively high engine out emissions. A successful catalyst for an exhaust treatment system must be resistant to high temperature deactivation, maintain cold start performance and display high three-way conversion efficiencies under most operating conditions. This paper describes a catalyst technology and precious metal loading study targeting a California Medium-Duty truck LEV (MDV2) application. At the same time a direction is presented for optimizing toward the Federal Tier 1 standard through reduction of precious metal use. The paper identifies catalytic formulations for a twin substrate, 1.23 L medium-coupled converter. Two are used per vehicle, mounted 45 cm downstream of each manifold on a 5.7 L V8 engine.&lt;/div&gt;
A pilot study with vincristine sulfate liposome infusion in patients with metastatic melanoma (2008)

Vincristine sulfate liposome infusion (VSLI) is a sphingomyelin/cholesterol liposome encapsulated formulation of vincristine that results in an extended drug circulation time and the potential for enhanced malignancy targeting, exposure, and anticancer activity. We assessed the safety and activity of VSLI in patients with metastatic melanoma. VSLI, to provide VCR 2.0 mg/m without dose capping, was infused over 1 h every 2 weeks (one cycle). Safety, tumor response, and survival were determined. Twenty-seven patients with metastatic melanoma of cutaneous (n=19), uveal (n=4), mucosal (n=1), and unknown (n=3) primary were treated. Twenty-five (93%) patients had received one or more prior lines of chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy; 14 (48%) had received a vinblastine-containing regimen. Hematologic adverse events (AEs) primarily manifested as grade 1/2 neutropenia. Nonhematologic AEs primarily consisted of gastrointestinal and constitutional symptoms of grade 1/2 severity. Grade 3 AEs included one case of paresthesia and four cases of constipation. The disease control rate in 26 evaluable patients was 31%. One complete (uveal melanoma metastatic to lung) and two partial responses (previously untreated cutaneous melanoma metastatic to the bone, brain, spleen and lung, and another with melanoma of unknown primary involving the lung, liver, and lymph node) were found. Five patients had stable disease. The median time to progression was 1.9 months. The median survival was 9.6 months with 30% of the patients alive at 1 year. VSLI was generally well tolerated and showed promising antitumor activity against metastatic melanoma and uveal melanoma in particular. A phase 2 trial to further elucidate the efficacy and safety of VSLI in metastatic uveal melanoma is ongoing.
Ex Vivo Expanded Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Bone Marrow Transplantation Improved Osteogenesis in Infants with Severe Hypophosphatasia (2015)

Patients with severe hypophosphatasia (HPP) develop osteogenic impairment with extremely low alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, resulting in a fatal course during infancy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate into various mesenchymal lineages, including bone and cartilage. The efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for congenital skeletal and storage disorders is limited, and therefore we focused on MSCs for the treatment of HPP. To determine the effect of MSCs on osteogenesis, we performed multiple infusions of ex vivo expanded allogeneic MSCs for two patients with severe HPP who had undergone bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from asymptomatic relatives harboring the heterozygous mutation. There were improvements in not only bone mineralization but also muscle mass, respiratory function, and mental development, resulting in the patients being alive at the age of 3. After the infusion of MSCs, chimerism analysis of the mesenchymal cell fraction isolated from bone marrow in the patients demonstrated that donor-derived DNA sequences existed. Adverse events of BMT were tolerated, whereas those of MSC infusion did not occur. However, restoration of ALP activity was limited, and normal bony architecture could not be achieved. Our data suggest that multiple MSC infusions, following BMT, were effective and brought about clinical benefits for patients with lethal HPP. Allogeneic MSC-based therapy would be useful for patients with other congenital bone diseases and tissue disorders if the curative strategy to restore clinically normal features, including bony architecture, can be established.
Molecular mechanisms underlying the differential expression of maize pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase genes. (1991)

I describe here the organization of maize C4 chloroplast and non-C4 cytosolic pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) genes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their differential expression. The maize C4 chloroplast PPDK gene (C4ppdkZm1) appears to have been created by the addition of an exon encoding the chloroplast transit peptide at a site upstream of a cytosolic PPDK gene (cyppdkZm1). A splice acceptor sequence located in the first exon of cyppdkZm1 allows the fusion of the transit peptide to the cyppdkZm1 sequences. A second cyPPDK gene (cyppdkZm2) shares extensive homology with cyppdkZm1 in the coding region and in the 5' flanking region up to the TATA box. By a novel protoplast transient expression method, I show that the light-inducible expression of C4ppdkZm1 is controlled by two expression programs mediated through separate upstream regulatory elements that are active in leaf, but inactive in root and stem. Light-mediated C4ppdkZm1 expression in maize is apparently uncoupled from leaf development and partially associated with chloroplast development. For cyppdkZm1 expression, distinct upstream elements and a specific TATA promoter element, located in the first intron of C4ppdkZm1, are required. The low expression of cyppdkZm2 can be attributed to an absence of upstream positive elements and weak activity of the TATA promoter element.
Spread-spectrum nonlinear-optical interactions: quasi-phase matching with pseudorandom polarity reversals (1987)

Optical nonlinear interactions may be made broadband while maintaining a high conversion efficiency by applying spread-spectrum pseudorandom spatial modulation.
Spatial noise phenomena of longitudinal magnetic recording media (1992)

The authors have studied the spatial noise characteristics of uniformly magnetized media and implemented a synchronous magnetic pulse detection technique to measure waveforms from precise radial and azimuthal locations on a magnetically recorded disk. They introduce a correlation analysis which includes measuring noise waveforms from the same position on the disk under different remanent magnetic states. Results from this analysis demonstrate that at remanence only minor changes occur in the output waveform and its (presumed) corresponding magnetic structure from write to write, while at DC demagnetization large variations are seen for successive writes. This sensitive correlation technique is used to analyze the random and deterministic components of media and head noise.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
How Carbon Monoxide Adsorbs in Different Sites (2000)

The interplay between the electronic and the geometric structure of adsorbates is of fundamental importance for the understanding of many surface phenomena. Using x-ray emission spectroscopy and ab initio cluster calculations, this issue has been investigated in unprecedented detail for CO adsorption in different adsorption sites. The investigation establishes pi bonding and sigma repulsion, both increasing with the number of coordinated metal atoms. The two contributions partly compensate each other, leading to only small differences in adsorption energies for the different adsorption sites despite very large variations in the electronic structure.
Fractal, Multifractal, and Lacunarity Analysis of Microglia in Tissue Engineering (2015)

Tissue engineering is currently one of the most exciting fields in biology (Grayson et al., 2009). Fractal analysis is equally exciting (Di Ieva et al., 2013), as is the study of microglia, the brain's immuno-inflammatory cell, recently shown to be of considerably more importance than previously imagined in both healthy and diseased brain (Tremblay et al., 2011). Each of these fields is developing at a pace far outstripping our capacity to integrate and translate the information gained into clinical use (Karperien et al., 2008b, 2013; Jelinek et al., 2011, 2013), and the excitement more than trebles where these fields intersect. Three elements of fractal analysis ' monofractal, multifractal, and lacunarity analysis ' applied to microglia may contribute significantly to the next steps forward in engineered tissues and 3D models in neuroscience.
Security in Distributed, Grid, Mobile, and Pervasive Computing (2007)

Despite recent dramatic advances in computer security regarding the proliferation of services and applications, security threats are still major impediments in the deployment of these services. Paying serious attention to these issues, Security in Distributed, Grid, Mobile, and Pervasive Computing focuses on the increasing demand to guarantee privacy, integrity, and availability of resources in networks and distributed systems. A rich and useful presentation of strategies for security issues, the book covers each computing area in separate sections. It first reviews security issues and challenges in content distribution networks, describes key agreement protocols based on the Diffie-Hellman key exchange and key management protocols for complex distributed systems like the Internet, and discusses securing design patterns for distributed systems. The next section focuses on security in mobile computing and wireless networks, covering wireless authentication methods, secure data aggregation, and anonymous routing protocol. After a section on grid computing security, the book presents an overview of security solutions for pervasive healthcare systems and surveys wireless sensor network security. With more and more vital information stored on computers, security professionals need to know how to combat threats and complications. Offering strategies to tackle these issues, this book provides essential security information for researchers, practitioners, educators, and graduate students in the field.
Nanotechnology‐Enabled Energy Harvesting for Self‐Powered Micro‐/Nanosystems (2012)

Abstract Health, infrastructure, and environmental monitoring as well as networking and defense technologies are only some of the potential areas of application of micro‐/nanosystems (MNSs). It is highly desirable that these MNSs operate without an external electricity source and instead draw the energy they require from the environment in which they are used. This Review covers various approaches for energy harvesting to meet the future demand for self‐powered MNSs.
The gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptor: structural determinants and regulatory control (1995)

Journal Article The gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptor: structural determinants and regulatory control Get access Stuart C. Sealfon, Stuart C. Sealfon 1 1Fishberg Research Center for Neurobiology and Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of MedicineNew York, NY 10029, USA To whom correspondence should be addressed. Telephone: (212) 241 7075; Fax: (212)996 9785 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert P. Millar Robert P. Millar Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Reproduction Update, Volume 1, Issue 3, 1 January 1995, Pages 216–230, https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/1.3.216 Published: 01 May 1995
Peripheral Autoantigen Induces Regulatory T Cells that Prevent Autoimmunity (1999)

Previous studies have shown that autoimmune thyroiditis can be induced in normal laboratory rats after thymectomy and split dose gamma-irradiation. Development of disease can be prevented by reconstitution of PVG rats shortly after their final irradiation with either peripheral CD4(+)CD45RC- T cells or CD4(+)CD8(-) thymocytes from syngeneic donors. Although the activity of both populations is known to depend on the activities of endogenously produced interleukin 4 and transforming growth factor beta, implying a common mechanism, the issue of antigen specificity of the cells involved has not yet been addressed. In this study, we show that the regulatory T cells that prevent autoimmune thyroiditis are generated in vivo only when the relevant autoantigen is also present. Peripheral CD4(+) T cells, from rats whose thyroids were ablated in utero by treatment with 131I, were unable to prevent disease development upon adoptive transfer into thymectomized and irradiated recipients. This regulatory deficit is specific for thyroid autoimmunity, since CD4(+) T cells from 131I-treated PVG.RT1(u) rats were as effective as those from normal donors at preventing diabetes in thymectomized and irradiated PVG.RT1(u) rats. Significantly, in contrast to the peripheral CD4(+) T cells, CD4(+)CD8(-) thymocytes from 131I-treated PVG donors were still able to prevent thyroiditis upon adoptive transfer. Taken together, these data indicate that it is the peripheral autoantigen itself that stimulates the generation of the appropriate regulatory cells from thymic emigrant precursors.
Pindel: a pattern growth approach to detect break points of large deletions and medium sized insertions from paired-end short reads (2009)

k.ye@lumc.nl; zn1@sanger.ac.uk.
Bone development in the femoral epiphysis of mice: The role of cartilage canals and the fate of resting chondrocytes (2007)

Abstract In mammals, the exact role of cartilage canals is still under discussion. Therefore, we studied their development in the distal femoral epiphysis of mice to define the importance of these canals. Various approaches were performed to examine the histological, cellular, and molecular events leading to bone formation. Cartilage canals started off as invaginations of the perichondrium at day (D) 5 after birth. At D 10, several small ossification nuclei originated around the canal branched endings. Finally, these nuclei coalesced and at D 18 a large secondary ossification centre (SOC) occupied the whole epiphysis. Cartilage canal cells expressed type I collagen, a major bone‐relevant protein. During canal formation, several resting chondrocytes immediately around the canals were active caspase 3 positive but others were freed into the canal cavity and appeared to remain viable. We suggest that cartilage canal cells belong to the bone lineage and, hence, they contribute to the formation of the bony epiphysis. Several resting chondrocytes are assigned to die but others, after freeing into the canal cavity, may differentiate into osteoblasts. Developmental Dynamics 236:2077–2088, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.