gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c is a major mediator of insulin action on the hepatic expression of glucokinase and lipogenesis-related genes (1999)

Hepatic glucokinase plays a key role in glucose metabolism as underlined by the anomalies associated with glucokinase mutations and the consequences of tissue-specific knock-out. In the liver, glucokinase transcription is absolutely dependent on the presence of insulin. The cis-elements and trans-acting factors that mediate the insulin effect are presently unknown; this is also the case for most insulin-responsive genes. We have shown previously that the hepatic expression of the transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) is activated by insulin. We show here in primary cultures of hepatocytes that the adenovirus-mediated transduction of a dominant negative form of SREBP-1c inhibits the insulin effect on endogenous glucokinase expression. Conversely, in the absence of insulin, the adenovirus-mediated transduction of a dominant positive form of SREBP-1c overcomes the insulin dependency of glucokinase expression. Hepatic fatty acid synthase and Spot-14 are insulin/glucose-dependent genes. For this latter class of genes, the dominant positive form of SREBP-1c obviates the necessity for the presence of insulin, whereas glucose potentiates the effect of SREBP-1c on their expression. In addition, the insulin dependency of lipid accumulation in cultured hepatocytes is overcome by the dominant positive form of SREBP-1c. We propose that SREBP-1c is a major mediator of insulin action on hepatic gene expression and a key regulator of hepatic glucose/lipid metabolism.
Radiolabeled Peptides: Valuable Tools for the Detection and Treatment of Cancer (2012)

Human cancer cells overexpress many peptide receptors as molecular targets. Radiolabeled peptides that bind with high affinity and specificity to the receptors on tumor cells hold great potential for both diagnostic imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy. The advantage of solid-phase peptide synthesis, the availability of different chelating agents and prosthetic groups and bioconjugation techniques permit the facile preparation of a wide variety of peptide-based targeting molecules with diverse biological and tumor targeting properties. Some of these peptides, including somatostatin, bombesin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, gastrin, neurotensin, exendin and RGD are currently under investigation. It is anticipated that in the near future many of these peptides may find applications in nuclear oncology. This article presents recent developments in the field of small peptides, and their applications in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
Brn-3.0: a POU-domain protein expressed in the sensory, immune, and endocrine systems that functions on elements distinct from known octamer motifs. (1993)

Characterization of Brn-3.0 and identification of a highly related member (Brn-3.1) of the class IV POU-domain family suggest potential roles of Brn-3.0 in the development of retinal ganglion cells and sensory neurons, as well as potential roles in the pituitary gland and the immune system. Brn-3.0 is expressed in the pituitary gland and in a corticotroph cell line. A functional DNA response element has been identified in the proopiomelanocortin promoter. In contrast to previously described mammalian POU-domain proteins, Brn-3.0 binds relatively ineffectively to known octamer DNA motifs, but instead binds with high affinity to a distinct set of DNA elements, functioning as a transcriptional activator. Brn-3.0, Brn-3.1, and the Drosophila tI-POU share an N-terminal region of homology, referred to as the "POU-IV box," which is similar to a conserved functional domain in the c-myc gene family.
Progression of multiple sclerosis is associated with exon 1 CTLA-4 gene polymorphism (2004)

The results of our study indicate that CTLA-4 (A49G) exon 1 polymorphism is associated with MS progression.
Modified fast climbing search auto-focus algorithm with adaptive step size searching technique for digital camera (2003)

A practical real-time auto-focus algorithm for a digital camera is presented, and it improves the reliability and speed of the auto-focus process, especially suitable for a mega-pixel high definition camera. The proposed algorithm adopts threshold gradient and edge point count technique besides focus value function, instead of the traditional two-stage climbing search algorithm that uses the focus value function only. Additionally, a relative difference ratio circuit is also proposed, which can implement adaptive step size searching to increase the searching speed. By adopting the modified algorithm on the prototype of our mega-pixel digital camera, the real-time auto-focus function is verified. The proposed algorithm is implemented in a test camera chip that has been manufactured in 0.25/spl mu/m CMOS digital process.
Ambient Mass Spectrometry Imaging with Picosecond Infrared Laser Ablation Electrospray Ionization (PIR-LAESI) (2015)

A picosecond infrared laser (PIRL) is capable of cutting through biological tissues in the absence of significant thermal damage. As such, PIRL is a standalone surgical scalpel with the added bonus of minimal postoperative scar tissue formation. In this work, a tandem of PIRL ablation with electrospray ionization (PIR-LAESI) mass spectrometry is demonstrated and characterized for tissue molecular imaging, with a limit of detection in the range of 100 nM for reserpine or better than 5 nM for verapamil in aqueous solution. We characterized PIRL crater size using agar films containing Rhodamine. PIR-LAESI offers a 20-30 μm vertical resolution (∼3 μm removal per pulse) and a lateral resolution of ∼100 μm. We were able to detect 25 fmol of Rhodamine in agar ablation experiments. PIR-LAESI was used to map the distribution of endogenous methoxykaempferol glucoronide in zebra plant (Aphelandra squarrosa) leaves producing a localization map that is corroborated by the literature. PIR-LAESI was further used to image the distribution inside mouse kidneys of gadoteridol, an exogenous magnetic resonance contrast agent intravenously injected. Parallel mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) using desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) were performed to corroborate PIR-LAESI images of the exogenous agent. We further show that PIR-LAESI is capable of desorption ionization of proteins as well as phospholipids. This comparative study illustrates that PIR-LAESI is an ion source for ambient mass spectrometry applications. As such, a future PIRL scalpel combined with secondary ionization such as ESI and mass spectrometry has the potential to provide molecular feedback to guide PIRL surgery.
Cellulose Synthesis in Higher Plants (2006)

Cellulose microfibrils play essential roles in the organization of plant cell walls, thereby allowing a growth habit based on turgor. The fibrils are made by 30 nm diameter plasma membrane complexes composed of approximately 36 subunits representing at least three types of related CESA proteins. The complexes assemble in the Golgi, where they are inactive, and move to the plasma membrane, where they become activated. The complexes move through the plasma membrane during cellulose synthesis in directions that coincide with the orientation of microtubules. Recent, simultaneous, live-cell imaging of cellulose synthase and microtubules indicates that the microtubules exert a direct influence on the orientation of cellulose deposition. Genetic studies in Arabidopsis have identified a number of genes that contribute to the overall process of cellulose synthesis, but the role of these proteins is not yet known.
Synthesis and properties of oligonucleotides containing 4-thiothyniidine, 5-methyl-2-pyrunidinone-1-β-D(2'-dexoyriboside) and 2-thiothvmidine (1989)

Methods are given for the synthesis of derivatives of 4-thiothymidine (4ST), 5-methyl-2-pyrimidinone-1-beta-D(2'-deoxyriboside) (4HT) and 2-thiothymidine (2ST) suitable for incorporation into oligodeoxynucleotides by the cyanoethyl phosphoramidite method. 4HT and 2ST are incorporated with no base protection but the sulphur atom in 4ST is protected with an S-sulphenylmethyl (-SCH3) function. This can be removed with dithiothreitol after synthesis. These T analogues have been incorporated into GACGATATCGTC, a self-complementary dodecamer containing the Eco RV recognition site (underlined), in place of the two T residues within this site. Although pure dodecamers are obtained in each case the syntheses are not as efficient as those seen when normal unmodified bases are used mainly due to the chemical reactivity of 4ST, 4HT and 2ST. Some of the chemical properties of oligonucleotides containing these bases (reactivity towards NH3) as well as their physical properties (melting temperatures, U.V., fluorescence and circular dichroism spectra) have been determined and are discussed.
Oxidative Decarboxylation of Peptides Catalyzed by Flavoprotein EpiD (1995)

The flavoprotein EpiD catalyzes the COOH-terminal oxidative decarboxylation of the lantibiotic precursor peptide EpiA. Variations of the COOH-terminal heptapeptide S1FNSYCC7 of EpiA were used for determining the substrate specificity of EpiD. When Cys7 was replaced by serine, cysteine-amide, homocysteine, or a thioether amino acid residue, no reaction with EpiD was observed. Heptapeptide libraries with one variable amino acid residue at positions 1-7 of the peptide substrate S1FNSYCC7 were incubated with EpiD, and the reaction products were identified by neutral loss mass spectrometry. When the penultimate cysteine residue Cys6 of the substrate peptide was replaced with Ser, Thr, Ala, or Val, the reaction still occurred. Tyr5 could be replaced with other hydrophobic amino acid residues. Mass spectrometry was used to compare the kinetics of the reaction of EpiD with various peptides. Peptide sequencing of the reaction products was performed by tandem mass spectrometry, confirming that the last cysteine residue was modified. The removal of the acid COOH-terminal carboxyl group was confirmed by determination of the isoelectric points of the reaction products. To study the interaction between EpiA and EpiD, EpiA was coupled to N-hydroxysuccinimide-activated Sepharose HiTrap material; EpiD was only retarded under reducing conditions.
Data Retrieval and Security Using Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (2009)

In the present world of communication and information interchange where more and more users are bound to use the same services and data with different access levels, the need for providing protection against potential breach of secured data has gained profound importance. Some of the common services are virtual private network (VPN), remote access server (RAS), Web server, mail server etc. In the following paper we present the technique of providing customized user level access and security through the use of LDAP for above mentioned services. The profiles of all users are maintained under LDAP directory information tree (DIT) from which information about any particular user, willing to login or retrieve data, can be used to provide successful authentication.
Cloning and analysis of cDNA encoding a major airway glycoprotein, human tracheobronchial mucin (MUC5). (1994)

Two unique nucleotide probes for human tracheobronchial mucin glycoprotein (TBM) were generated via polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers deduced from the TBM:TR-3A tryptic peptide sequence and were used to isolate a 3.6 kilobase cDNA, clone NP3a, from a human nasal polyp cDNA library. Clone NP3a was localized to chromosome 11 and contained a 3168 nucleotide open reading frame which encoded three TBM peptide fragments, thus confirming that clone NP3a partially encodes TBM. TBM also contains five tandem repeats of TTVGP/S and an octapeptide GQCGTCTN, which is conserved in human intestinal mucin MUC2 and rat intestinal mucin-like protein (MLP) suggesting that this sequence has a functional significance for secreted mucins. TBM has amino acid similarity to the cysteine-rich domains at the carboxyl termini of MUC2, rat MLP, bovine and porcine submaxillary mucins, and human von Willebrand factor. Strikingly, a large percentage of the cysteine residues in the overlaps are highly conserved: 90% in MUC2 and von Willebrand factor, 80% of bovine submaxillary mucin, 70% in porcine submaxillary mucin, and 64% in rat MLP, suggesting that conserved cysteines may be important for the tertiary structure of secreted glycoproteins. These studies demonstrate that clone NP3a is a candidate for MUC5, making it the only human mucin gene reported to date whose gene product has been isolated from airway secretions.
Optische Wirbel (2013)

Abstract Wirbel sind ein bekanntes natürliches Phänomen, bei dem Masse in eine stabile Rotationsbewegung versetzt wird. Weniger bekannt ist, dass auch Lichtstrahlen in einen Zustand versetzt werden können, der in vielen Eigenschaften mit einem Wirbel vergleichbar ist. Unser Experiment hat gezeigt, dass sich solche optischen Verwirbelungen über einen großen Teil des elektromagnetischen Spektrums verpflanzen lassen, ohne dass sie dabei zusammenbrechen. Man kann diese Wirbel also im langwelligeren Bereich an starken Laserpulsen erzeugen und sie mit deren Hilfe theoretisch bis in den Röntgenbereich hoch transformieren. Gelungen ist dies bislang bis ins extreme Ultraviolette. Damit werden die Lichtwirbel für die Spektroskopie bestimmter Elektronenzustände, die Dunkelzustände, hochinteressant.
Involvement of wound-associated factors in rat brain astrocyte migratory response to axonal injury: in vitro simulation. (1996)

The poor ability of mammalian central nervous system (CNS) axons to regenerate has been attributed, in part, to astrocyte behavior after axonal injury. This behavior is manifested by the limited ability of astrocytes to migrate and thus repopulate the injury site. Here, the migratory behavior of astrocytes in response to injury of CNS axons in vivo was simulated in vitro using a scratch-wounded astrocytic monolayer and soluble substances derived from injured rat optic nerves. The soluble substances, applied to the scratch-wounded astrocytes, blocked their migration whereas some known wound-associated factors such as transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor in combination with insulin-like growth factor-1 (HB-EGF + IGF-1) stimulated intensive migration with consequent closure of the wound. Migration was not dominated by proliferating cells. Both bFGF and HB-EGF + IGF-1, but not TGF-beta 1, could overcome the blocking effect of the optic nerve-derived substances on astrocyte migration. The induced migration appeared to involve proteoglycans. It is suggestive that appropriate choice of growth factors at the appropriate postinjury period may compensate for the endogenous deficiency in glial supportive factors and/or presence of glial inhibitory factors in the CNS.
Recruitment of Cytoskeletal and Signaling Proteins to Enteropathogenic and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Pedestals (2001)

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a human pathogen that attaches to intestinal epithelial cells and causes chronic watery diarrhea. A close relative, enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), causes severe bloody diarrhea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Both pathogens insert a protein, Tir, into the host cell plasma membrane where it binds intimin, the outer membrane ligand of EPEC and EHEC. This interaction triggers a cascade of signaling events within the host cell and ultimately leads to the formation of an actin-rich pedestal upon which the pathogen resides. Pedestal formation is critical in mediating EPEC- and EHEC-induced diarrhea, yet very little is known about its composition and organization. In EPEC, pedestal formation requires Tir tyrosine 474 phosphorylation. In EHEC Tir is not tyrosine phosphorylated, yet the pedestals appear similar. The composition of the EPEC and EHEC pedestals was analyzed by examining numerous cytoskeletal, signaling, and adapter proteins. Of the 25 proteins examined, only two, calpactin and CD44, were recruited to the site of bacterial attachment independently of Tir. Several others, including ezrin, talin, gelsolin, and tropomyosin, were recruited to the site of EPEC attachment independently of Tir tyrosine 474 phosphorylation but required Tir in the host membrane. The remaining proteins were recruited to the pedestal in a manner dependent on Tir tyrosine phosphorylation or were not recruited at all. Differences were also found between the EPEC and EHEC pedestals: the adapter proteins Grb2 and CrkII were recruited to the EPEC pedestal but were absent in the EHEC pedestal. These results demonstrate that although EPEC and EHEC recruit similar cytoskeletal proteins, there are also significant differences in pedestal composition.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) produced by a human T cell hybridoma clone. (1991)

A macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was purified to homogeneity from the serum-free culture supernatant of a human T cell hybridoma clone called F5. This clone was established by means of somatic fusion, using the emetine-actinomycin D selection method, and produced a large amount of MIF. The MIF activity in the culture supernatant of F5 cells was not due to contaminating interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), which is known to possess MIF activity. Furthermore, other known cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), were also revealed to have MIF activity, but our MIF was different from these known factors. F5 cells produced two species of MIF that could be separated on a phenyl-Sepharose column. MIF-1 (the more hydrophilic species of the two) was purified to homogeneity by sequential hydrophobic chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, dye ligand affinity chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on ion-exchange and reverse-phase columns. Finally, 4600-fold enrichment, as to specific activity, of MIF-1 was achieved. The purified MIF-1 was digested with endoproteinase Lys-C into some peptide fragments and the amino acid sequences of the peptides obtained were determined. No sequence identity between our MIF-1 and other proteins was observed. Then, antibodies were raised against a peptide synthesized according to the determined amino acid sequence. They specifically reacted with MIF-1 and reduced its migration inhibitory activity. Based on these results, we conclude that the determined amino acid sequence was certainly that of MIF-1.
Major Facilitator Superfamily (1998)

The major facilitator superfamily (MFS) is one of the two largest families of membrane transporters found on Earth. It is present ubiquitously in bacteria, archaea, and eukarya and includes members that can function by solute uniport, solute/cation symport, solute/cation antiport and/or solute/solute antiport with inwardly and/or outwardly directed polarity. All homologous MFS protein sequences in the public databases as of January 1997 were identified on the basis of sequence similarity and shown to be homologous. Phylogenetic analyses revealed the occurrence of 17 distinct families within the MFS, each of which generally transports a single class of compounds. Compounds transported by MFS permeases include simple sugars, oligosaccharides, inositols, drugs, amino acids, nucleosides, organophosphate esters, Krebs cycle metabolites, and a large variety of organic and inorganic anions and cations. Protein members of some MFS families are found exclusively in bacteria or in eukaryotes, but others are found in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. All permeases of the MFS possess either 12 or 14 putative or established transmembrane alpha-helical spanners, and evidence is presented substantiating the proposal that an internal tandem gene duplication event gave rise to a primordial MFS protein prior to divergence of the family members. All 17 families are shown to exhibit the common feature of a well-conserved motif present between transmembrane spanners 2 and 3. The analyses reported serve to characterize one of the largest and most diverse families of transport proteins found in living organisms.
2 x 2 optical waveguide switch with bow-tie electrode based on carrier-injection total internal reflection in SiGe alloy (2001)

Based on the total internal reflection and the plasma dispersion effect of SiGe alloy, a 2×2 intersectional rib optical waveguide switch with bow-tie electrode has been proposed and fabricated for the wavelength of 1.3-μm operation. The thickness of the SiGe layer is 2.6 μm and the width is 9 μm. The branch angle of the switch is 2/spl deg/ and the bow-tie angle is 1.5/spl deg/. The on-state crosstalk is -19.6 dB, the off-state extinction ratio is 38.5 dB and the off-state insertion loss is less than 1.70 dB. The switching time is about 180 ns.
Preparation of 5-Substituted 2-Methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles from 5-Substituted Tetrazoles and Acetic Anhydride (1994)

Abstract Readily available tetrazoles can be transformed into the corresponding 2-methyl-1,3,4-oxazodiazoles by heating their acetic anhydride solution. The procedure is simple, short, gives high yields, and is applicable to large scale syntheses.
Antibodies to the extracellular receptor domain restore the hormone-insensitive kinase and conformation of the mutant insulin receptor valine 382 (1993)

A mutation substituting a valine for phenylalanine at residue 382 in the insulin receptor alpha-subunit has been found in two sisters with a genetic form of extreme insulin resistance. This receptor mutation impairs the ability of the hormone to activate autophosphorylation of solubilized receptors and phosphorylation of substrates (Accili, D., Mosthaf, L., Ullrich, A., and Taylor, S. I. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 434-439). We have previously demonstrated that in native receptors insulin induces a conformational change in the receptor beta-subunit, which is thought to be necessary for receptor activation (Baron, V., Gautier, N., Komoriya, A., Hainaut, P., Scimeca, J. C., Mervic, M., Lavielle, S., Dolais-Kitabgi, J., and Van Obberghen, E. (1990) Biochemistry 29, 4634-4641). Hence, it was thought that a defect in this conformational change might explain the functional defect of the mutant receptor. This appears to be the case, as we demonstrate here that the mutant receptor is locked in its inactive configuration. However, we found two monoclonal antibodies, directed to the extracellular domain, which are capable of restoring the mutant receptor kinase activity. The activation of the mutant receptor was accompanied by restoration of conformational changes in the beta-subunit C terminus. From these data, we draw the two following conclusions. (i) A causal link exists between receptor kinase activation and the occurrence of conformational changes. (ii) Ligands other than insulin, such as antibodies, which perturb the extracellular domain, can function as alternative ways to restore the mutant receptor kinase.