gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of two high affinity human interleukin-8 receptors. (1992)

Interleukin 8 (IL-8) and melanocyte growth-stimulatory activity/gro (MGSA) are structurally related proinflammatory cytokines that are chemoattractants and activators of neutrophils. Recently, cDNA clones encoding a high affinity IL-8 receptor (IL-8R-A) and a "low affinity" IL-8 receptor (IL-8R-B) have been isolated from human cDNA libraries. These two receptors have 77% amino acid identity and are members of the G protein-coupled superfamily of receptors with seven transmembrane domains. We have expressed these two receptors in mammalian cells and find that in this system both receptors bind IL-8 with high affinity (Kd approximately 2 nM). The receptor affinities differ for MGSA, however. IL-8R-A binds MGSA with low affinity (Kd approximately 450 nM); IL-8R-B binds MGSA with high affinity (Kd approximately 2 nM). The transfected cells respond to ligand binding with a transient increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. A Ca2+ response is found for IL-8R-A following the binding of IL-8; no response is found for MGSA. A Ca2+ response for IL-8R-B follows the binding of both ligands. Blot hybridization with oligonucleotide probes specific for the two receptors shows that mRNA for both receptors is present in human neutrophils. Analysis of IL-8 and MGSA binding data on neutrophils as well as Ca2+ response and desensitization data shows that the presence of these two IL-8 receptors on the cell surface can account for the profile of these two ligands on neutrophils.
Additive Proofs of Knowledge - A New Notion For Non-Interactive Proofs (2007)

In this paper, we study the opacity property of verifiably encrypted signatures (VES) of Boneh et al. (proposed in Eurocrypt 2003). Informally, opacity implies that although some given aggregate signatures can verified, no useful information about the individual signatures is leaked. However, the very fact that an aggregate signature can be verified leaks certain information- that the individual signature is indeed well-formed. Apart from this, is there any other information leaked? In this paper, we show that there is absolutely no other information leaked about the individual signatures when the aggregation contains only two signatures. In more formal terms, we show that VES are Zero-Knowledge (ZK). We then extend the ZK property of VES to propose efficient Additive Non-Interactive Witness-Indistinguishable (A-NIWI) proofs. Intuitively an A-NIWI proof can be considered as a Proof of Knowledge (PoK) of another A-NIWI proof. 1
A 2.4 GHz CMOS transceiver for Bluetooth (2002)

A fully integrated CMOS transceiver tuned to 2.1 GHz consumes 46 mA in receive-mode and 47 mA in transmit-mode from a 2.7 V supply. The receiver achieves a sensitivity of -80 dBm at 0.1% BER, and an IIP3 of -7 dBm. The transmitter delivers a GFSK modulated spectrum at an output power of 5 dBm.
Efficient broadcasting protocols for video on demand (2002)

Broadcasting protocols can improve the efficiency of video on demand services by reducing the bandwidth required to transmit videos that are simultaneously watched by many viewers. We present two broadcasting protocols that achieve nearly the same low bandwidth as the best extant broadcasting protocol while guaranteeing a lower maximum access time. Our first protocol, cautious harmonic broadcasting, requires somewhat more bandwidth than our second protocol, quasi-harmonic broadcasting, but is also much simpler to implement.
[Chemical structure and anti-inflammatory activity in the group of substituted indole-3-acetic acids (author's transl)]. (1980)

The chemical structure of the indometacin molecule was systematically modified with the aim of producing a substance with increased anti-inflammatory activity and improved tolerance. In addition to the variations of the methylene group of the indole-3-acetic acid and substituents on the indole nucleus of indometacin, particular attention was paid to the modification of the carboxyl group of the acetic acid side chain. Among the indometacin esters, one derivative, the [1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole-3-acetoxy] acetic acid (54), showed an activity approximately twice that of indometacin in the kaolin edema test in the rat paw. Chemical modification of the new compound 54 did not further improve the activity. These studies suggest that specific substitutions on the indole nucleus, in combination with the acetic acid side chain as in 1, and especially the acetoxy acetic acid side chain in 54 are responsible for the high anti-inflammatory activity of this class of substances. Several methods for the synthesis of acemetacin are described.
Caspase-1-dependent pore formation during pyroptosis leads to osmotic lysis of infected host macrophages (2006)

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium invades host macrophages and induces a unique caspase-1-dependent pathway of cell death termed pyroptosis, which is activated during bacterial infection in vivo. We demonstrate DNA cleavage during pyroptosis results from caspase-1-stimulated nuclease activity. Although poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation by fragmented DNA depletes cellular ATP to cause lysis during oncosis, the rapid lysis characteristic of Salmonella-infected macrophages does not require PARP activity or DNA fragmentation. Membrane pores between 1.1 and 2.4 nm in diameter form during pyroptosis of host cells and cause swelling and osmotic lysis. Pore formation requires host cell actin cytoskeleton rearrangements and caspase-1 activity, as well as the bacterial type III secretion system (TTSS); however, insertion of functional TTSS translocons into the host membrane is not sufficient to directly evoke pore formation. Concurrent with pore formation, inflammatory cytokines are released from infected macrophages. This mechanism of caspase-1-mediated cell death provides additional experimental evidence supporting pyroptosis as a novel pathway of inflammatory programmed cell death.
Fibrinogen Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Alzheimer Disease and Vascular Dementia (2005)

High fibrinogen levels were associated with an increased risk of both Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia, but levels of C-reactive protein were not. This suggests that the increased risk of dementia associated with fibrinogen is because of the hemostatic rather than the inflammatory properties of fibrinogen.
Effect of a Polyphenol-Rich Extract from Aloe vera Gel on Experimentally Induced Insulin Resistance in Mice (2007)

Insulin resistance, which precedes type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is a widespread pathology associated with the metabolic syndrome, myocardial ischemia, and hypertension. Finding an adequate treatment for this pathology is an important goal in medicine. The purpose of the present research was to investigate the effect of an extract from Aloe vera gel containing a high concentration of polyphenols on experimentally induced insulin resistance in mice. A polyphenol-rich Aloe vera extract (350 mg/kg) with known concentrations of aloin (181.7 mg/g) and aloe-emodin (3.6 mg/g) was administered orally for a period of 4 weeks to insulin resistant ICR mice. Pioglitazone (50 mg/kg) and bi-distilled water were used as positive and negative controls respectively. Body weight, food intake, and plasma concentrations of insulin and glucose were measured and insulin tolerance tests were performed. The insulin resistance value was calculated using the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) formula. Results showed that the polyphenol-rich extract from Aloe vera was able to decrease significantly both body weight (p < 0.008) and blood glucose levels (p < 0.005) and to protect animals against unfavorable results on HOMA-IR, which was observed in the negative control group. The highest glucose levels during the insulin tolerance curve test were in the negative control group when compared to the Aloe vera extract and pioglitazone treated mice (p < 0.05). In conclusion, Aloe vera gel could be effective for the control of insulin resistance.
Enzymatic properties of a proteolytically nicked RNA polymerase of bacteriophage T7. (1987)

The RNA polymerase of bacteriophage T7 is sensitive to cleavage by a protease associated with the membrane fraction of many strains of Escherichia coli. A major degradation product is a T7 RNA polymerase that is proteolytically cleaved between amino acids 172 (lysine) and 173 (arginine) (Tabor, S., and Richardson, C.C. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82, 1074-1078). The cleavage splits the enzyme into a large fragment (Mr approximately 75,000) and a small fragment (Mr approximately 23,000) which remain tightly associated during the purification of nicked RNA polymerase. The protein retains RNA polymerase activity, but specific activity is reduced 3.5-fold. The proteolytic cleavage also reduces the Mg2+ requirements, increases the apparent Michaelis-Menten constants for the utilization of the ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphates, increases the temperature sensitivity, increases the sensitivity to inhibition by heparin, and increases the probability that a transcript will not be removed from the template. The reduced activity of nicked T7 RNA polymerase is apparently a consequence of inefficient initiation and premature termination. Nicked T7 RNA polymerase successfully initiates at the phi 10 promoter at half the efficiency of native T7 RNA polymerase. Transcripts synthesized by the nicked enzyme are also significantly shorter than transcripts synthesized by the native enzyme. In contrast, nicked T7 RNA polymerase and T7 RNA polymerase exhibit equivalent poly(dI).poly(dC)-dependent activity and equivalent polymerization velocities (60 bases/s at 25 degrees C).
Effects of Testosterone and Resistance Training in Men with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2004)

Dysfunction of the muscles of ambulation contributes to exercise intolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Men with COPD have high prevalence of low testosterone levels, which may contribute to muscle weakness. We determined effects of testosterone supplementation (100 mg of testosterone enanthate injected weekly) with or without resistance training (45 minutes three times weekly) on body composition and muscle function in 47 men with COPD (mean FEV(1) = 40% predicted) and low testosterone levels (mean = 320 ng/dl). Subjects were randomized to 10 weeks of placebo injections + no training, testosterone injections + no training, placebo injections + resistance training, or testosterone injections + resistance training. Testosterone injections yielded a mean increase of 271 ng/dl in the nadir serum testosterone concentration (to the middle of the normal range for young men). The lean body mass (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) increase averaged 2.3 kg with testosterone alone and 3.3 kg with combined testosterone and resistance training (p < 0.001). Increase in one-repetition maximum leg press strength averaged 17.2% with testosterone alone, 17.4% with resistance training alone, and 26.8% with testosterone + resistance training (p < 0.001). Interventions were well tolerated with no abnormalities in safety measures. Further studies are required to determine long-term benefits of adding testosterone supplementation and resistance training to rehabilitative programs for carefully screened men with COPD and low testosterone levels.
System Applications Of A New 32-Bit Floating-point DSP Processor (2005)

Embodiment of DSP tasks requires an optimal blend of reg- ularly structured array processing and scalar oriented decisions making. The ZR34325 represents the first full IEEE floating- point integrated array processor on silicon, supplemented with the pertinent scalar and control flow capabilities. In order to meet the stringent processing requirements, found today in modern signal and image processing applications, the ZR34325 directly executes embedded DSP and array processing primitives on multidiniensional arrays. Furthermore, an integrated development environment which includes system software simulator, vectorized and parametric DSP, arithmetic and matrix library, C based assembler/linker and hardware development tools, facilitates top-down complete application development . To achieve performance bounds higher than plausible by a single device (45 MFLOPs peak), one must resort to a Multi- Processor Multi-Tasking (MPMT) schemes. The ZR34325 en- ables very efficient MPMT schemes for tasks where: (i) Execution- time is data independent (e.g. FFT); or (ii) Execution-time is data dependent (e.g. SVD algorithm).
Vehicle Re-identification for Automatic Video Traffic Surveillance (2016)

This paper proposes an approach to the vehicle reidentification problem in a multiple camera system. We focused on the re-identification itself assuming that the vehicle detection problem is already solved including extraction of a full-fledged 3D bounding box. The re-identification problem is solved by using color histograms and histograms of oriented gradients by a linear regressor. The features are used in separate models in order to get the best results in the shortest CPU computation time. The proposed method works with a high accuracy (60% true positives retrieved with 10% false positive rate on a challenging subset of the test data) in 85 milliseconds of the CPU (Core i7) computation time per one vehicle re-identification assuming the fullHD resolution video input. The applications of this work include finding important parameters such as travel time, traffic flow, or traffic information in a distributed traffic surveillance and monitoring system.
Disintegration of water drops in an electric field (1964)

Abstract The disintegration of drops in strong electric fields is believed to play an important part in the formation of thunderstorms, at least in those parts of them where no ice crystals are present. Zeleny showed experimentally that disintegration begins as a hydrodynamical instability, but his ideas about the mechanics of the situation rest on the implicit assumption that instability occurs when the internal pressure is the same as that outside the drop. It is shown that this assumption is false and that instability of an elongated drop would not occur unless a pressure difference existed. When this error is corrected it is found that a drop, elongated by an electric field, becomes unstable when its length is 1.9 times its equatorial diameter, and the calculated critical electric field agrees with laboratory experiments to within 1 %. When the drop becomes unstable the ends develop obtuse-angled conical points from which axial jets are projected but the stability calculations give no indication of the mechanics of this process. It is shown theoretically that a conical interface between two fluids can exist in equilibrium in an electric field, but only when the cone has a semi-vertical angle 49.3°. Apparatus was constructed for producing the necessary field, and photographs show that conical oil/water interfaces and soap films can be produced at the calculated voltage and that their semi-vertical angles are very close to 49.3°. The photographs give an indication of how the axial jets are produced but no complete analytical description of the process is attempted.
Feature Selection and Composition using PyOracle (2013)

A system is described which uses the Audio Oracle algorithm for music analysis and machine improvisation. Some improvements on previous Factor Oracle-based systems are presented, including automatic model calibration based on measures from Music Information Dynamics, facilities for compositional structuring and automation, and an audio-based query mode which uses the input signal to influence the output of the generative system. the ideal AO model. IR can also be used to determine the most relevant or informative audio feature at a given time. PyOracle Improviser provides some unique features for enabling composition and structured improvisations. Constraints, probabilities, and other parameters can be modified in real-time or according to a predefined script. We will discuss the use of PyOracle Improviser in a compositional context, and suggest some directions for further work in this direction.
Digital Compensation for Timing Mismatches in Interleaved ADCs (2013)

This paper describes a digital method of reducing timing mismatch effects in time-interleaved ADCs used in ATE systems: we use cross-correlation among channel ADC outputs to detect channel timing skew, and make successive-approximation adjustments to our proposed linear-phase-digital delay filter to compensate for the timing skew. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. We found that using multitone input signals with cross-correlation of outputs provided a more robust way of detecting timing skew than using a singletone input signal. Since our proposed approach is fully digital, it is reliable, and suitable for fine CMOS implementation.
Thermal Design Considerations for Surface Mount Power ICs (2007)

The focus of this paper is to present the techniques that are effective in removing the heat from the surface mounted power ICs and transferring it to the cooler surroundings. In the past the thermal design was as simple as adding the theta values (°C/W) of the power component, the thermal pad and the heat sink together and multiplying by the power dissipated in that component to arrive at the temperature rise between the ambient and the junction of the IC. Today, with surface mount technology and ICs with power pads the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) has become an integral part for removing the heat. The basic concepts of what makes a good thermally conductive PCB, some first order modeling examples and evaluations of an existing evaluation module (EVM) will help the designer understand the techniques in producing a good thermally conductive PCB.
Synthesis and Preliminary Evaluation of 18F-Labeled Pyridaben Analogues for Myocardial Perfusion Imaging with PET (2012)

The (18)F-labeled pyridaben analogs reported in this study have high heart uptake and low background uptake in both the mouse model and the Chinese mini swine model. The tracer with the shorter radiolabeling side chain ((18)F-FP1OP) has better stability, faster clearance from the major organs, and a higher heart-to-liver ratio than the other tracer ((18)F-FP3OP). On the basis of the promising biologic properties, this mitochondrial complex I-targeted tracer ((18)F-FP1OP) is worthy to be developed as an MPI agent and to be compared with the other PET MPI agents in the future.
A Zero-Voltage Switching Technique for Minimizing the Current-Source Power of Implanted Stimulators (2013)

The current-source power of an implanted stimulator is reduced almost to the theoretical minimum by driving the electrodes directly from the secondary port of the inductive link with a dedicated zero-voltage switching power supply. A feedback loop confined to the secondary of the inductive link adjusts the timing and conduction angle of switching to provide just the right amount of supply voltage needed for keeping the current-source voltage constant at or slightly above the compliance limit. Since drive is based on current rather than voltage, and supply-voltage update is near real-time, the quality of the current pulses is high regardless of how the electrode impedance evolves during stimulation. By scaling the switching frequency according to power demand, the technique further improves overall power consumption of the stimulator. The technique is implemented with a very simple control circuitry comprising a comparator, a Schmitt trigger and a logic gate of seven devices in addition to an on-chip switch and an off-chip capacitor. The power consumed by the proposed supply circuit itself is no larger than what the linear regulator of a conventional supply typically consumes for the same stimulation current. Still, the sum of supply and current-source power is typically between 20% and 75% of the conventional source power alone. Functionality of the proposed driver is verified experimentally on a proof-of-concept prototype built with 3.3 V devices in a 0.18 μm CMOS technology.
Surveillance for asthma--United States, 1960-1995. (1998)

Both asthma prevalence rates and asthma death rates are increasing nationally. Available surveillance information are inadequate for fully assessing asthma trends at the state or local level. Implementation of better state and local surveillance can increase understanding of this disease and contribute to more effective treatment and prevention strategies.
CD8+ T cells control Th2‐driven pathology during pulmonary respiratory syncytial virus infection (1997)

BALB/c mice vaccinated with vaccinia virus expressing the major surface glycoprotein G of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) develop lung eosinophilia during RSV challenge. The G protein is remarkable in that it induces CD4+, but no CD8+ T cells in this mouse strain. Studies using passive T cell transfers show that co-injection of CD8+ T cells greatly reduces the Th2-driven lung eosinophilia caused by G-specific CD4+ T cells. By contrast, vaccination with the fusion protein (F) induces both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, but not lung eosinophilia during RSV infection. These observations suggest that CD8+ T cells play a crucial role in preventing Th2-driven pathology. We therefore depleted mice with anti-CD8 antibodies in vivo. This treatment allowed lung eosinophilia to develop in F-primed mice. Depletion of interferon (IFN)-gamma had a similar effect, suggesting that secretion of this cytokine is the mechanism by which CD8+ T cells exert their effect. To test whether similar effects occurred in other strains of mice, RSV-infected C57BL/6 mice (which do not develop eosinophilia after sensitization to G) were treated with anti-IFN-gamma. Again, these mice developed eosinophilia. In this strain, genetic deletion of CD8-alpha, beta2-microglobulin or genes coding for the transporter associated with antigen presentation (which in each case eliminates CD8+ T cells) caused lung eosinophilia during RSV infection. These studies show the critical roles that CD8+ T cells and IFN-gamma production play in regulating Th2-driven eosinophilia and provide a unifying explanation for previous studies of lung eosinophilia. We propose that vaccines designed to enhance CD8+ T cell recognition might avoid disease caused by CD4+ Th2 cells.
Pharmacological characterization of an unusual mGluR-evoked neuronal hyperpolarization mediated by activation of GIRK channels (1999)

The metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonist ACPD exerts an unusual inhibitory effect on a population of neurons of the song-control nucleus HVc of the zebra finch via activation of the GIRK channel. We report in the present study the pharmacology of this response. ACPD directly hyperpolarized the neurons by a mechanism independent of GABA(B) receptors. The group I mGluR agonist DHPG had no effect on membrane properties and the group I mGluR antagonist 4-CPG did not affect the ACPD-induced hyperpolarization. In contrast, the ACPD response was mimicked by the group II mGluR agonist LY314593 and the group II and III agonist L-CCG-I. The group II mGluR antagonist LY307452 fully antagonized the ACPD response and reduced the response induced by L-CCG-I. The group III mGluR agonist L-AP4 induced a small hyperpolarization, which was antagonized by the group III mGluR antagonist MAP-4. These data indicate that group II and group III mGluRs are present and functional in the postsynaptic membrane of these HVc neurons, and mediate the hyperpolarizing action of mGluR agonists. In contrast, group I mGluRs are absent from these neurons, nonfunctional, or coupled to different effector systems that do not influence membrane potential or input resistance.