gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-resolution depth electrode localization and imaging in patients with pharmacologically intractable epilepsy (2008)

Localization and targeting of depth electrodes in specific regions of the human brain is critical for accurate clinical diagnoses and treatment as well as for neuroscientific electrophysiological research. By using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging combined with 2D computational unfolding, the authors present a method that improves electrode localization in the medial temporal lobe. This method permits visualization of electrode placements in subregions of the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus, allowing for greater specificity in relating electrophysiological and anatomical features in the human medial temporal lobe. Such methods may be extended to therapeutic procedures targeting specific neuronal circuitry in subfields of structures deep in the human brain.
PCR amplification of streptococcal DNA using crude cell lysates (1992)

Gram-positive organisms such as streptococci and enterococci are often difficult to lyse. Obtaining DNA for procedures such as PCR amplification usually requires a large scale isolation for each strain under investigation. We describe a simple procedure for small volumes of whole cells, involving pretreatment with detergent and proteinase that allows for efficient release of DNA for PCR amplification. This procedure is fast, reproducible, can be used with a large number of samples, and has been successfully applied to a variety of streptococcal and enterococcal strains.
Serum concentrations of complement anaphylatoxins and proinflammatory mediators in patients with 2009 H1N1 influenza (2011)

Anaphylatoxins (C5a, C4a, and C3a) are fragments of activated complement and are leading mediators of the inflammatory response for controlling viral infection. However, an excessive response may increase the severity of infectious diseases. Serum concentrations of proinflammatory mediators, including cytokines, high-mobility group box 1 and anaphylatoxins, were measured in pediatric 2009 H1N1 influenza patients in order to investigate the pathology of this new influenza. The concentrations of all three anaphylatoxins were significantly enhanced by 2009 H1N1 influenza infection. However, there were no significant differences in anaphylatoxin concentrations between 2009 H1N1 influenza patients with and without severe complications during the early stages of the disease. C3a concentrations dropped significantly during the recovery phase, whereas there were no significant differences between the acute and recovery phases in C5a and C4a concentrations. There was a correlation between C5a and IL-2. C4a was associated with IL-1ra, eotaxin, MCP-1, PDGFbb, and VEGF. C3a was correlated with IL-2 and IFN-γ. Taken together, these findings indicate that complement activation occurs in patients infected with 2009 H1N1 influenza virus and demonstrate that anaphylatoxins are involved in increased production of proinflammatory mediators in this new influenza.
Overview of the results of recent beta blocker trials (2001)

Results of the studies published or reported within the last 2 years provide convincing evidence that beta-blockers can decrease mortality in patients with chronic symptomatic heart failure because of left ventricular systolic dysfunction. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study (CIBIS)-II and Metoprolol CR/XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT-HF) trials showed a 34% reduction in all-cause death with bisoprolol and metoprolol therapy in patients with class II-III heart failure. Data from Carvedilol Prospective Randomized Cumulative Survival (COPERNICUS), with a 35% mortality reduction, extended this benefit to class IV patients treated with carvedilol who do not require intravenous diuretics or positive inotropes. Ongoing beta-blocker studies address new topics, such as treatment of older patients, in whom diastolic heart failure may be more common, and direct comparison of different drugs. Although the use of beta-blockers for heart failure tends to increase, implementation of the knowledge from the trials in clinical practice still remains a challenge.
γ-Secretase inhibitors repress thymocyte development (2001)

A major therapeutic target in the search for a cure to the devastating Alzheimer's disease is γ-secretase. This activity resides in a multiprotein enzyme complex responsible for the generation of Aβ42 peptides, precipitates of which are thought to cause the disease. γ-Secretase is also a critical component of the Notch signal transduction pathway; Notch signals regulate development and differentiation of adult self-renewing cells. This has led to the hypothesis that therapeutic inhibition of γ-secretase may interfere with Notch-related processes in adults, most alarmingly in hematopoiesis. Here, we show that application of γ-secretase inhibitors to fetal thymus organ cultures interferes with T cell development in a manner consistent with loss or reduction of Notch1 function. Progression from an immature CD4 − /CD8 − state to an intermediate CD4 + /CD8 + double-positive state was repressed. Furthermore, treatment beginning later at the double-positive stage specifically inhibited CD8 + single-positive maturation but did not affect CD4 + single-positive cells. These results demonstrate that pharmacological γ-secretase inhibition recapitulates Notch1 loss in a vertebrate tissue and present a system in which rapid evaluation of γ-secretase-targeted pharmaceuticals for their ability to inhibit Notch activity can be performed in a relevant context.
Preeclampsia is associated with abnormal expression of adhesion molecules by invasive cytotrophoblasts. (1993)

In normal human pregnancy, invasion of the uterus and its arterial system by cytotrophoblasts extends through the entire decidua and the adjacent third of the myometrium. Our previous work showed that during the first trimester of pregnancy, invasion is accompanied by a marked change in the expression of cell adhesion molecules by invasive cytotrophoblasts. In the pregnancy disorder preeclampsia, cytotrophoblast invasion is limited to the superficial decidua, and few arterioles are breached. The purpose of this study was to determine whether cytotrophoblast expression of adhesion molecules in this disorder is also abnormal. Placental bed biopsy specimens from normal pregnancies and those complicated by preeclampsia were stained with anti-integrin antibodies. The results showed that adhesion molecule switching by invasive cytotrophoblasts is abnormal in preeclampsia, which suggests that this subpopulation of trophoblast cells fails to differentiate properly. A likely result is that the delicate balance of adhesive interactions that normally permit cytotrophoblast invasion is tipped in favor of those which restrain this process, with the net effect of shallow uterine invasion.
In vivo measurement of regional brain metabolic response to hyperventilation using magnetic resonance: Proton echo planar spectroscopic imaging (PEPSI) (1997)

A new rapid spectroscopic imaging technique with improved sensitivity and lipid suppression, referred to as Proton Echo Planar Spectroscopic Imaging (PEPSI), has been developed to measure the 2-dimensional distribution of brain lactate increases during hyperventilation on a conventional clinical scanner equipped with a head surface coil phased array. PEPSI images (nominal voxel size: 1.125 cm3) in five healthy subjects from an axial section approximately 20 mm inferior to the intercommissural line were obtained during an 8.5-min baseline period of normocapnia and during the final 8.5 min of a 10-min period of capnometry-controlled hyperventilation (end-tidal PCO2 of 20 mmHg). The lactate/N-acetyl aspartate signal increased significantly from baseline during hyperventilation for the insular cortex, temporal cortex, and occipital regions of both the right and left hemisphere, but not in the basal ganglia. Regional or hemispheric right-to-left differences were not found. The study extends previous work using single-voxel MR spectroscopy to dynamically study hyperventilation effects on brain metabolism.
Adsorption of Clostridium thermocellum cellulases onto pretreated mixed hardwood, avicel, and lignin (1993)

Adsorption of Avicel-hydrolyzing activity was examined with respect to: mixed hardwood flour pretreated with 1% sulfuric acid for 9 s at 220 degrees C (PTW220), lignin prepared from PTW220 by either acid or enzymatic hydrolysis, and Avicel. Experiments were conducted at 60 degrees C for all materials, and also at 25 degrees C for PTW220. Based on transient adsorption results and reaction rates, times were selected at which to characterize adsorption at 60 degrees C as follows: PTW220, 1 min; lignin, 30 min; and Avicel, 45 min. Similar results were obtained for adsorption of cellulase activity to PTW220 at 25 and 60 degrees C, and for lignin prepared by enzymatic and acid hydrolysis. For all materials, adsorption was described well by a Langmuir equation, although the reversibility of adsorption was not investigated. Langmuir affinity constants (L/g) were: PTW220, 109; lignin, 17.9; Avicel, 4.3; cellulose from PTW220, > or =187. Langmuir capacity constants were 760 for PTW220 and 42 for Avicel; the cellulase binding capacity of lignin appeared to be very high under the conditions examined, and could not be determined. At low and moderate cellulase loadings at least, the majority of cellulase activity adsorbed to PTW220 is bound to the cellulosic component. The results indicate that PTW220, and its cellulose component in particular, differ radically from Avicel with respect to adsorption. Avicel-hydrolyzing activity and CMC-hydrolyzing activities were found to bind to Avicel with a constant ratio of essentially one, consistent with adsorption of a multi-activity complex.
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Efficacy of CPX-1 Liposome Injection in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors (2009)

Outpatient CPX-1 was well tolerated and antitumor activity was shown in patients with advanced solid tumors. The recommended dose for future studies is 210 units/m(2). This is the first clinical evaluation of fixed drug ratio dosing designed to maintain synergistic molar ratios for enhanced therapeutic benefit.
Identification of a Chemical Tool for the Orphan Nuclear Receptor FXR (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUELetterNEXTIdentification of a Chemical Tool for the Orphan Nuclear Receptor FXRPatrick R. Maloney, Derek J. Parks, Curt D. Haffner, Adam M. Fivush, Gyan Chandra, Kelli D. Plunket, Katrina L. Creech, Linda B. Moore, Joan G. Wilson, Michael C. Lewis, Stacey A. Jones, and Timothy M. WillsonView Author Information Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Biochemistry, Molecular Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases, Glaxo Wellcome Research & Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2000, 43, 16, 2971–2974Publication Date (Web):July 22, 2000Publication History Received18 May 2000Published online22 July 2000Published inissue 1 August 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm0002127https://doi.org/10.1021/jm0002127rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3529Altmetric-Citations437LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Agonists,Anatomy,Aromatic compounds,Monomers,Receptors Get e-Alerts
The efficacy of HPV 16/18 vaccines on sexually active 18–23 year old women and the impact of HPV vaccination on organized cervical cancer screening (2008)

Catch-up vaccination of younger women should be considered in the context of sexual practices and the effects of prevalent disease on observed vaccine efficacy. Current data do not support a change in the lower age limit or screening intervals for women.
Radioiodination of proteins in single polyacrylamide gel slices. Tryptic peptide analysis of all the major members of complex multicomponent systems using microgram quantities of total protein. (1977)

A method is described for radioiodination to high specific activity of fixed and stained proteins within sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, without elution of the proteins from the gel. Following radioiodination, the proteins can be removed from the gel by trypsin treatment and the peptides analyzed. This procedure offers a means to structurally compare the proteins of multicomponent systems when purification of each component to homogeneity is unfeasible. Using this technique, we have compared the tryptic peptides of all the major protein components of Moloney and Rauscher leukemia viruses using only 50 to 100 microgram of total protein from each virus. Additionally, we have analyzed the membrane proteins of Dictyostelium discoideum at various stages in development. The validity of the technique and its value as a tool for comparative studies and identification of precursor-product relationships is discussed.
Increased prevalence of iron‐overload associated endocrinopathy in thalassaemia versus sickle‐cell disease (2006)

Iron-overload associated endocrinopathy is the most frequently reported complication of chronic transfusion therapy in patients with thalassaemia (Thal). This study compared iron-overloaded subjects with Thal (n = 142; 54%M; age 25.8 +/- 8.1 years) and transfused sickle-cell disease (Tx-SCD; n = 199; 43%M, 24.9 +/- 13.2 years) to non-transfused SCD subjects (non-Tx-SCD; n = 64, 50%M, 25.3 +/- 11.3 years), to explore whether the underlying haemoglobinopathy influences the development of endocrinopathy. Subjects were recruited from 31 centres in the USA, Canada and the UK. Subjects with Thal had more evidence of diabetes (13% vs. 2%, P < 0.001), hypogonadism (40% vs. 4%, P < 0.001), hypothyroidism (10% vs. 2%, P = <0.001) and growth failure (33% vs. 7%, P < 0.001), versus Tx-SCD. Fifty-six per cent of Thal had more than one endocrinopathy compared with only 13% of Tx-SCD (P < 0.001). In contrast, Tx-SCD was not different from non-Tx-SCD. Multivariate analysis indicated that endocrinopathy was more likely in Thal than SCD [Odds Ratio (OR) = 9.4, P < 0.001], with duration of chronic transfusion a significant predictor (OR = 1.4 per 10 years of transfusion, P = 0.04). Despite iron overload, endocrinopathy was not increased in Tx-SCD versus non-Tx-SCD, suggesting that the underlying disease may modulate iron-related endocrine injury. However, because transfusion duration remained a significant predictor of endocrinopathy, these data should be confirmed in SCD subjects that have been chronically transfused for longer periods of time.
ESkine, a Novel β-Chemokine, Is Differentially Spliced to Produce Secretable and Nuclear Targeted Isoforms (1999)

Using the murine embryonal stem cell system, we have identified a novel gene encoding a highly divergent member of the beta-chemokine family of proinflammatory mediators and have called this protein ESkine. Much of the coding sequence for ESkine overlaps with the 3'-end of a novel interleukin 11 receptor alpha-like sequence on murine chromosome 4. ESkine is produced as two splice variants. One of these variants encodes a classical chemokine with an associated signal peptide, while the other variant (PESKY) possesses the main body of the chemokine but has replaced the signal peptide with an alternative stretch of amino acids that allows for nuclear targeting of this isoform. This differential splicing arises as a result of alternative 5' exon usage. These differentially spliced forms are expressed at discrete tissue loci. Thus, while ESkine is highly expressed in the placenta, PESKY is mainly expressed in the Testes and brain and weakly in the developing embryo. Studies on the proinflammatory properties of ESkine reveal it to be active in inducing polarization of CD4(+) T cells but to be inactive on other hemopoietic cellular populations.
PORCINE AND BOVINE CARTILAGE TRANSPLANTS IN CYNOMOLGUS MONKEY (1997)

Transplantation of discordant xenograft tissues usually results in antibody-mediated hyperacute rejection response. It has been speculated that because cartilage has a limited vascular, neural, and lymphatic supply, it might be immunologically privileged and may not undergo hyperacute or chronic rejection. Moreover, porcine and bovine cartilage were found to express very low amounts of alpha-galactosyl epitopes (Gal alpha1-3Gal beta1-4GlcNAc-R). To evaluate animal cartilage for possible human transplantation, xenograft meniscal cartilage was transplanted from pigs and cows into the suprapatellar pouches of six cynomolgus monkeys (group 1). In a second group of six monkeys (group 2), porcine meniscal cartilage and porcine articular cartilage plugs were evaluated. During the 2-month evaluation period in group 1, all monkeys displayed an extensive humoral response to the xenograft, as indicated by the increase in production of antibodies against bovine and porcine cartilage. Upon explant, all meniscal cartilage samples in this group demonstrated histological evidence of chronic rejection, including fibroplasia, encapsulation, mononuclear infiltrates, foreign body giant cells, and eosinophilic infiltrates. There was no difference between the response seen in untreated tissues and that seen in tissues treated with UV irradiation or ozone oxidation. In group 2, the menisci explanted after 1 month displayed extensive infiltration of eosinophils alone or eosinophils mixed with mononuclear cells. The mononuclear infiltrates consisted primarily of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and of macrophages. The articular cartilage plugs demonstrated only a small area of fibrous encapsulation and leukocyte infiltration at the periphery. This study suggests that xenograft cartilage tissue does not appear to be immunoprivileged and is unsuitable for human implantation due to a chronic rejection mechanism, which is evident already within 1 month after transplantation. In addition, this study may serve as a general model for the primate immune response against xenografts in the absence of hyperacute rejection.
Antigenic and molecular characterization of bat rabies virus in Europe (1992)

The predominant role of Eptesicus serotinus in the epizootic of bat rabies in Europe was further outlined by the first isolation of the rabies virus from this species in France. The distribution of the virus was studied in naturally infected E. serotinus bats at the time of death and suggested that the papillae of the tongue and the respiratory mucosa may play a role in virus production and excretion. The analysis of 501 French rabies virus isolates from various animal species by antinucleocapsid monoclonal antibodies indicated that transmission of the disease from bats to terrestrial animals is unlikely. The antigenic profile of two isolates from French bats corresponded to that of European bat lyssavirus type 1 (EBL1). Comparisons of 12 different isolates from bats with antinucleocapsid and antiglycoprotein monoclonal antibodies and by direct sequencing of the polymerase chain reaction amplification product of the N gene indicated that EBL1, EBL2, Duvenhage virus (serotype 4 of lyssavirus), and the European fox rabies virus (serotype 1) are phylogenetically distant. They formed four tight genetic clusters named genotypes. EBL1 was shown to be antigenically and genetically more closely related to Duvenhage virus than to EBL2. We propose that EBL1 and EBL2 constitute two distinct genotypes which further serologic characterization will probably classify as new serotypes. We also report a simple method for the rapid characterization of EBL based on the digestion of the polymerase chain reaction product of the N gene by three restriction endonucleases.
High-speed multilayer film assembly by alternate adsorption of silica nanoparticles and linear polycation (1998)

QCM showed that SiO2/poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) film assembly could be achieved in 2 s for 45 nm silica nanoparticle monolayers and 20 s for PDDA monolayers, with film integrity demonstrated by SEM and spectroscopic ellipsometry.
Crustal Structure Beneath Korea Seismic Stations (Inchon, Wonju and Pohang) Using Receiver function (2004)

The broadband receiver functions are developed from teleseismic P waveforms recorded at Wonju(KSRS), Inchon(IRIS), and Pohang(PHN), and are analyzed to examine the crustal structure beneath these stations. The teleseismic receiver functions are inverted in the time domain of the vertical P wave velocity structures beneath the stations. Clear P-to-S converted phases from the Moho interface are observed in teleseismic seismograms recorded at these stations. The crustal velocity structures beneath the stations are estimated by using the receiver function inversion method(Ammon et al., 1990). The general features of inversion results are as follows: (1) For the Inchon station, the Conrad discontinuity exists at 17.5 Km(SW) deep and the Moho discontinuity exists at 29.5 Km(NW) and 30.5 Km(SE, SW) deep. (2) The shallow crustal structure beneath Wonju station may be covered with a sedimentary rock of a 3 Km thickness. The average Moho depth is assumed about 33.0 Km, and the Conrad discontinuity may exist at 17.0 Km(NE) and 21.0 Km(NW) deep. (3) For Pohang station, the thickness of shallow sedimentary layer is a 3.0 Km in the direction of NE and NW. The Moho depth is 28.0 Km in the direction of the NE and NW. The Conrad discontinuity can be estimated to be existed at 21.0 Km deep for the NE and NW directions.
A novel type of antioxidant isolated from leaf wax of Eucalyptus leaves. (1981)

As a search for natural antioxidants from plant materials, strong antioxidative activity was observed in leaf waxes extracted from Eucalyptus species. A novel type of antioxidant was isolated from the leaf wax of Eucalyptus globulus and identified as n-tritriacontan-16, 18-dione. Antioxidative activities were determined by different methods; a thiocyanate method, a thiobarbituric acid method, a total carbonyl value method and a weighing test. The antioxidant showed remarkable antioxidative activity in a water/alcohol system and was more effective than α-tocopherol and BHA; however, it has no antioxidative activity in an oil system.
A SINGLE IMMEDIATE POSTOPERATIVE INSTILLATION OF CHEMOTHERAPY DECREASES THE RISK OF RECURRENCE IN PATIENTS WITH STAGE Ta T1 BLADDER CANCER: A META-ANALYSIS OF PUBLISHED RESULTS OF RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS (2004)

One immediate intravesical instillation of chemotherapy significantly decreases the risk of recurrence after TUR in patients with stage Ta T1 single and multiple bladder cancer. It is the treatment of choice in patients with a single, low risk papillary tumor and is recommended as the initial treatment after TUR in patients with higher risk tumors.
Wärmeströme in thermischen Isolierungen (1992)

Abstract Thermische Superisolierungen wie hochreflektierende Metallfolien erfordern Vakua unter 10 −2 Pa. Sind hocheffiziente Wärmeisolierungen auch ohne Vakuum möglich? Welche Entwicklungen zu immer besseren Wärmeisolationen gibt es? Diesen Fragen wollen wir hier nachgehen.