gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human papillomavirus type 16 transformation of primary human embryonic fibroblasts requires expression of open reading frames E6 and E7 (1989)

Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV-16) early genes were tested for their ability to transform primary human embryonic fibroblasts (WI38) or to extend the life span of the fibroblasts. The expression plasmids containing the transcriptional unit for the HPV-16 subgenomic DNA fragments controlled by the simian virus 40 promoter were introduced into WI38 cells with the aid of neomycin selection, and the drug-resistant cells that survived long-term culture were characterized. The fragments containing E6E7 open reading frames (ORFs) intact were found to be capable of extending the life span of WI38 cells. From the results obtained with frameshift mutations in either ORF and from those obtained by cotransfection with the separate plasmids containing E6 and E7 ORFs, it was concluded that HPV-16 transformation (extension of the life span) of human fibroblasts requires expression of genes E6 and E7.
Inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis by orlistat, a fatty acid synthase inhibitor (2006)

Orlistat, an antiobesity drug, is cytostatic and cytotoxic to tumor cells. The antitumor activity of orlistat can be attributed to its ability to inhibit the thioesterase domain of fatty acid synthase (FAS). The objective of the present study was to test the effect of orlistat on endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Orlistat inhibits endothelial cell FAS, blocks the synthesis of fatty acids, and prevents endothelial cell proliferation. More significantly, orlistat inhibits human neovascularization in an ex vivo assay, which suggests that it may be useful as an antiangiogenic drug. The mechanism of these effects can be traced to the fact that orlistat prevents the display of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor (VEGFR2/KDR/Flk1) on the endothelial cell surface. Thus, orlistat is an antiangiogenic agent with a novel mechanism of action.
Glycosylation of CD44 negatively regulates its recognition of hyaluronan. (1995)

Although CD44 is expressed on a wide variety of cell types, few of them use it to recognize the ligand hyaluronan (HA). A glycosylation-defective clone of Chinese hamster ovary cells (Lec 8) bound HA, demonstrating that complete processing of glycoproteins with addition of a full complement of sialic acid is not required. On the contrary, subsequent findings revealed that complex sugars on CD44 can actually inhibit ligand recognition. Two subclones of wild-type Chinese hamster ovary cells with similar amounts of surface CD44 were isolated on the basis of HA binding and found to differ with respect to CD44 size as well as staining with fluorescent lectins. Treatment of the nonbinding clone with tunicamycin reduced the size of the protein and allowed the cells to recognize HA via CD44. This function was also induced by treatment with deglycosylating enzymes (either a mixture of endoglycosidase F and N-glycosidase F or neuraminidase alone). A possible role for glycosylation in regulation of adhesion was then sought with a series of normal and transformed murine cells. Disruption of glycosylation or treatment with deglycosylating enzymes did not induce ligand binding in an interleukin 7-dependent pre-B cell line, and splenic B cells also appeared to be in an inactive state. Some normal B cells acquired the ability to recognize HA after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide or interleukin 5 and had distinctive surface characteristics (loss of immunoglobulin D and acquisition of CD43). An additional subset of activated cells might have been in a transitional state, because the cells bound ligand after neuraminidase treatment. The ligand-binding ability of a purified CD44-immunoglobulin fusion protein dramatically increased after neuraminidase treatment. Thus, differential glycosylation of this molecule is sufficient to influence its recognition function. Cell adhesion involving HA can be regulated by multiple mechanisms, one of which involves variable glycosylation of CD44.
Synthesis of Complex Image Appearance from Limited Exemplars (2015)

Editing materials in photos opens up numerous opportunities like turning an unappealing dirt ground into luscious grass and creating a comfortable wool sweater in place of a cheap t-shirt. However, such edits are challenging. Approaches such as 3D rendering and BTF rendering can represent virtually everything, but they are also data intensive and computationally expensive, which makes user interaction difficult. Leaner methods such as texture synthesis are more easily controllable by artists, but also more limited in the range of materials that they handle, for example, grass and wool are typically problematic because of their non-Lambertian reflectance and numerous self-occlusions. We propose a new approach for editing of complex materials in photographs. We extend the texture-by-numbers approach with ideas from texture interpolation. The inputs to our method are coarse user annotation maps that specify the desired output, such as the local scale of the material and the illumination direction. Our algorithm then synthesizes the output from a discrete set of annotated exemplars. A key component of our method is that it can cope with missing data, interpolating information from the available exemplars when needed. This enables production of satisfying results involving materials with complex appearance variations such as foliage, carpet, and fabric from only one or a couple of exemplar photographs.
Cost of Hospitalization for Preterm and Low Birth Weight Infants in the United States (2007)

Costs per infant hospitalization were highest for extremely preterm infants, although the larger number of moderately preterm/low birth weight infants contributed more to the overall costs. Preterm/low birth weight infants in the United States account for half of infant hospitalization costs and one quarter of pediatric costs, suggesting that major infant and pediatric cost savings could be realized by preventing preterm birth.
Dynamic effects in SOI MOSFET's (2002)

The use of SOI (silicon-on-insulator) and conventional bulk MOSFETs by circuit designers is similar in a wide range of functions for logic purposes. Differences may appear when asynchronous design is used, due to floating body effects. The consequences of direct coupling between drain and source of a MOSFET in the OFF-state are discussed, and the characterization of this effect for various SOI technologies is presented. Two mechanisms are proposed to explain the results: a capacitive coupling between drain and floating body, which corresponds to a drain to source coupling when the floating body follows the source potential; and a dynamic bipolar effect in which the base current is constituted by the gate oxide charge in accumulated mode. This effect leads to a parasitic drain to source discharge, which can result in an upset in a SRAM memory cell or in a dynamic latch. It is found that a careful design must be done if functions like dynamic or static latch are needed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synthesis of Branched Polyolefins Using a Combination of Homogeneous Metallocene Mimics (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSynthesis of Branched Polyolefins Using a Combination of Homogeneous Metallocene MimicsRichard W. Barnhart, Guillermo C. Bazan, and Thomas MoureyView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester Rochester, New York 14627-0216 Eastman Kodak Company Research Laboratories, B-82 Rochester, New York 14650-2136 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 5, 1082–1083Publication Date (Web):January 22, 1998Publication History Received15 October 1997Published online22 January 1998Published inissue 1 February 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9735867https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9735867rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views718Altmetric-Citations123LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Hydrocarbons,Polyethylene,Polymers,Reactivity Get e-Alerts
A quantitative assessment of plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease. Probable benefits of increasing folic acid intakes (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the risk of elevated total homocysteine (tHcy) levels for arteriosclerotic vascular disease, estimate the reduction of tHcy by folic acid, and calculate the potential reduction of coronary artery disease (CAD) mortality by increasing folic acid intake. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —MEDLINE search for meta-analysis of 27 studies relating homocysteine to arteriosclerotic vascular disease and 11 studies of folic acid effects on tHcy levels. <h3>Study Selection and Data Extraction.</h3> —Studies dealing with CAD, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial vascular disease were selected. Three prospective and six population-based case-control studies were considered of high quality. Five cross-sectional and 13 other case-control studies were also included. Causality of tHcy's role in the pathogenesis of vascular disease was inferred because of consistency across studies by different investigators using different methods in different populations. <h3>Data Synthesis.</h3> —Elevations in tHcy were considered an independent graded risk factor for arteriosclerotic vascular diseases. The odds ratio (OR) for CAD of a 5-μmol/L tHcy increment is 1.6(95% confidence interval [Cl], 1.4 to 1.7) for men and 1.8 (95% Cl, 1.3 to 1.9) for women. A total of 10% of the population's CAD risk appears attributable to tHcy. The OR for cerebrovascular disease (5-μmol/L tHcy increment) is 1.5 (95% Cl, 1.3 to 1.9). Peripheral arterial disease also showed a strong association. Increased folic acid intake (approximately 200 μg/d) reduces tHcy levels by approximately 4 μmol/L. Assuming that lower tHcy levels decrease CAD mortality, we calculated the effect of (1) increased dietary folate, (2) supplementation by tablets, and (3) grain fortification. Under different assumptions, 13 500 to 50 000 CAD deaths annually could be avoided; fortification of food had the largest impact. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —A 5-μmol/L tHcy increment elevates CAD risk by as much as cholesterol increases of 0.5 mmol/L (20 mg/dL). Higher folic acid intake by reducing tHcy levels promises to prevent arteriosclerotic vascular disease. Clinical trials are urgently needed. Concerns about masking cobalamin deficiency by folic acid could be lessened by adding 1 mg of cobalamin to folic acid supplements. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:1049-1057)
Proteasome inhibition for antibody-mediated rejection (2009)

Proteasome inhibition induces a complex series of biochemical events that results in pleiotropic effects on multiple cell populations, and plasma cells in particular. Initial clinical results have provided evidence that bortezomib effectively treats antibody-mediated rejection and acute cellular rejection and reduces or eliminates donor-specific anti-human leukocyte antigen antibody. Carefully designed clinical trials are needed to accurately define the role of proteasome inhibition in transplant recipients.
Phenotypic associations of Crohnʼs disease with antibodies to flagellins A4-Fla2 and Fla-X, ASCA, p-ANCA, PAB, and NOD2 mutations in a swiss cohort (2009)

Anti-flagellin antibodies and ASCA are strongly associated with complicated CD phenotypes. CD patients with serum reactivity against multiple microbes have the greatest frequency of strictures, perforations, and small bowel surgery. Further prospective longitudinal studies are needed to show that antibody-based risk stratification improves the clinical outcome of CD patients.
Small molecule inhibitors of Late SV40 Factor (LSF) abrogate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): Evaluation using an endogenous HCC model (2015)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a lethal malignancy with high mortality and poor prognosis. Oncogenic transcription factor Late SV40 Factor (LSF) plays an important role in promoting HCC. A small molecule inhibitor of LSF, Factor Quinolinone Inhibitor 1 (FQI1), significantly inhibited human HCC xenografts in nude mice without harming normal cells. Here we evaluated the efficacy of FQI1 and another inhibitor, FQI2, in inhibiting endogenous hepatocarcinogenesis. HCC was induced in a transgenic mouse with hepatocyte-specific overexpression of c-myc (Alb/c-myc) by injecting N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) followed by FQI1 or FQI2 treatment after tumor development. LSF inhibitors markedly decreased tumor burden in Alb/c-myc mice with a corresponding decrease in proliferation and angiogenesis. Interestingly, in vitro treatment of human HCC cells with LSF inhibitors resulted in mitotic arrest with an accompanying increase in CyclinB1. Inhibition of CyclinB1 induction by Cycloheximide or CDK1 activity by Roscovitine significantly prevented FQI-induced mitotic arrest. A significant induction of apoptosis was also observed upon treatment with FQI. These effects of LSF inhibition, mitotic arrest and induction of apoptosis by FQI1s provide multiple avenues by which these inhibitors eliminate HCC cells. LSF inhibitors might be highly potent and effective therapeutics for HCC either alone or in combination with currently existing therapies.
The effect of class distribution on classifier learning: an empirical study (2001)

In this article we analyze the effect of class distribution on classifier learning. We begin by describing the different ways in which class distribution affects learning and how it affects the evaluation of learned classifiers. We then present the results of two comprehensive experimental studies. The first study compares the performance of classifiers generated from unbalanced data sets with the performance of classifiers generated from balanced versions of the same data sets. This comparison allows us to isolate and quantify the effect that the training set's class distribution has on learning and contrast the performance of the classifiers on the minority and majority classes. The second study assesses what distribution is "best" for training, with respect to two performance measures: classification accuracy and the area under the ROC curve (AUC). A tacit assumption behind much research on classifier induction is that the class distribution of the training data should match the "natural" distribution of the data. This study shows that the naturally occurring class distribution often is not best for learning, and often substantially better performance can be obtained by using a different class distribution. Understanding how classifier performance is affected by class distribution can help practitioners to choose training data--in real-world situations the number of training examples often must be limited due to computational costs or the costs associated with procuring and preparing the data.
The Tinnitus Functional Index (2011)

The TFI should be useful in both clinical and research settings because of its responsiveness to treatment-related change, validity for scaling the overall severity of tinnitus, and comprehensive coverage of multiple domains of tinnitus severity.
Randomized, Controlled, Dose-Range Study of Ro 25-8315 Given Before and After a High-Dose Combination Chemotherapy Regimen in Patients With Metastatic or Recurrent Breast Cancer Patients (2002)

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of three different dose levels of pegylated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (Ro 25-8315) on progenitor cell mobilization and hematologic recovery in cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Breast cancer patients (n = 36) were randomly assigned to receive before (part I) and after (part II) chemotherapy either a single-dose injection of Ro 25-8315 (20 μg/kg, n = 9; 60 μg/kg, n = 9; 100 μg/kg, n = 10) or a standard daily dose of filgrastim (part I, 10 μg/kg/d; part II, 5 μg/kg/d) (control group, n = 8). RESULTS: Overall, Ro 25-8315 was well tolerated. In part I, more progenitor cell mobilization was observed with Ro 25-8315 100 μg/kg. The peak of circulating CD34 + cells was obtained at day +5 in the four groups, and the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) returned to less than 20 × 10 9 /L by day +15. In part II, high levels of circulating CD34 + cells (&gt; 20 cells/μL) were obtained in all four groups. The chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (&lt; 1 × 10 9 /L) was similar in the four groups. Ro 25-8315 100 μg/kg was more effective than filgrastim in reducing the number of patients with an ANC less than 0.5 × 10 9 /L on day +12 after chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: A single injection of Ro 25-8315 100 μg/kg might be the optimal dose for steady-state peripheral-blood progenitor cell mobilization. A single injection of 20, 60, or 100 μg/kg could be as efficient as daily administration of filgrastim to correct chemotherapy-induced cytopenia. The optimal dose of Ro 25-8315 should be determined according to the planned chemotherapy regimen.
Assessment of a disc stack centrifuge for use in mammalian cell separation (1995)

A prototype disc stack centrifuge was tested for the separation of mammalian cell cultures from 80- and 2000-L fermentations. The clarification capacity for mammalian cells was excellent, but some smaller particles remained in the supernatant and reduced its usefulness for downstream processing. In order to identify the source of such particle formation, several parameters were assessed and minimum particle size for separation was calculated. An analysis of particle distribution was performed. Temperature and pressure effects inside the centrifuge bowl were measured. Some modifications of mechanical engineering can be suggested for the improvement of the use of standard disc stack centrifuges for mammalian cells. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Negative Regulation of Expression and Function of FcγRIII by CD3ζ in Murine NK Cells (2001)

Fc gamma RIII is involved in Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and cytokine production by NK cells. Signaling and expression of Fc gamma RIII are dependent on FcR gamma. Although NK cells express not only FcR gamma but also CD3 zeta, the role of CD3 zeta in NK cell function remains unclear. Here, we found that the expression of Fc gamma RIII on NK cells from CD3 zeta-deficient mice is unexpectedly up-regulated compared with that on cells from normal mice. Furthermore, ADCC and IFN-gamma production upon Fc gamma RIII-cross-linking by NK cells from CD3 zeta-deficient mice were also up-regulated. Up-regulation of the surface expression of Fc gamma RIII on CD3 zeta-deficient NK cells is not mediated by transcriptional augmentation of either Fc gamma RIII or FcR gamma gene because there was no significant difference in the expression of mRNA for Fc gamma RIII and FcR gamma. Transfection of CD3 zeta into a cell line expressing Fc gamma RIII and FcR gamma induced a decrease in the cell surface expression of Fc gamma RIII. These findings reveal a negative regulatory role of CD3 zeta in Fc gamma RIII-mediated function of murine NK cells.
Co-labeling Using In Situ PCR (2001)

In situ amplification permits the histological localization of low-copy DNA and RNA targets. However, in many instances it would be useful to know the specific phenotype of the target-containing cell or to ascertain the distribution of a different nucleic acid sequence in the same tissue section. This review describes a methodology that allows co-in situ localization of two nucleic acid targets or a DNA/RNA sequence and a protein in paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed tissue. The key variable for detection of low-copy RNA targets by RT in situ PCR is optimal protease digestion to permit cDNA target-specific incorporation of the reporter nucleotide. This is achieved via inactivation of nonspecific DNA synthesis by overnight DNase digestion. The key variable for immunohistochemical localization of proteins is to determine the effect of protease digestion on the antigen-based signal intensity. Background for DNA targets by in situ hybridization or, for targets present in 1-10 copies per cell, PCR ISH is dependent primarily on probe concentration and the stringency of the post-hybridization wash. Radioactive 3H-labeled nucleotides permit an excellent distinction with colorimetric signals for co-localization, although two distinct chromogens can in many instances allow successful localization of two different targets.
Trastuzumab for early breast cancer: current status and future directions. (2007)

The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed/amplified in up to 25% of breast cancer patients, and this feature is associated with an aggressive phenotype, a high recurrence rate, and reduced survival. Until recently, combination chemotherapy was the most effective and only adjuvant treatment for HER2-positive patients. Trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against the HER2 extracellular domain, has recently demonstrated highly reproducible and astonishing benefit in halving the recurrence rate and reducing mortality in five adjuvant breast cancer trials. But such unfettered success has come at a cost, both in terms of cardiotoxic risk and substantial financial burden. Though trastuzumab has been able to significantly improve clinical outcomes of many patients with early breast cancer, the reality is that an unacceptable proportion will still relapse. Beyond trastuzumab, what is the next step for these HER2-positive breast cancers? This review first discusses the individual results of the five adjuvant trastuzumab studies in terms of efficacy and safety, highlighting their similarities and differences. It also evaluates the current status of trastuzumab as a result of these studies and explores the possible future direction for HER2-positive breast cancers in light of recent advances in translational oncology.
Handbook of Fluorous Chemistry (2004)

Preface.1. Fluorous Chemistry: Scope and Definition (I. Horvath, et al.).2. A Personal View of the History of Fluorous Chemistry (I. Horvath).3. Fluorous Solvents and Related Media (J. Gladysz & C. Emnet).4. Strategies for the Recovery of Fluorous Catalysts and Reagents: Design and Evaluation (J. Gladysz & R. Correa de Costa).5. Ponytails: Structural and Electronic Considerations (J. Gladysz).6. Partition Coefficients Involving Fluorous Solvents (J. Gladysz, et al.).7. Separations with Fluorous Silica Gel and Related Materials (D. Curran).8. Light Fluorous Chemistry-A User-s Guide (D. Curran).9. Getting Started in Synthesis: A Tabular Guide to Selected Monofunctional Fluorous Compounds (J. Rabai).10. Highlights of Applications in Synthesis and Catalysis.11. Preparations.12. Applications of Fluorous Compounds in Materials Chemistry.13. Fluorous Materials for Biomedical Uses (J. Riess).14. Fun and Games with Fluorous Chemistry (J. Rabai).Index.