gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autoantibodies to the extracellular domain of the calcium sensing receptor in patients with acquired hypoparathyroidism. (1996)

Acquired hypoparathyroidism (AH) has been considered to result from an autoimmune process but the self-antigens have not been identified. We studied 25 patients with AH, of which 17 had type I autoimmune polyglandular syndrome and 8 had AH associated with autoimmune hypothyroidism. Five of 25 (20%) AH sera reacted to a membrane-associated antigen of 120-140 kD in human parathyroid gland extracts using immunoblot analysis. This is the exact size of the calcium sensing receptor (Ca-SR). The AH sera were then tested by immunoblot using a membrane fraction of HEK-293 cells transfected with Ca-SR cDNA. Eight of 25 (32%) AH sera reacted to a 120-140-kD protein, which closely matched that recognized by the anti-Ca-SR IgG raised in rabbits. The Ca-SR cDNA was translated in vitro into two parts in order to identify the antigenic epitopes. By using this technique, 14 of 25 (56%) AH sera were positive to the extracellular domain of the Ca-SR, whereas none of the AH patients sera reacted to the intracellular domain. The reactivity of the positive sera was completely removed after pre-absorption with the Ca-SR containing membranes. Sera from 50 patients with various other autoimmune diseases as well as 22 normal controls were also tested, and none of them was positive. In conclusion, the Ca-SR has been identified as an autoantigen in AH.
Inhibitory Effect of Cordyceps sinensis on Spontaneous Liver Metastasis of Lewis Lung Carcinoma and B16 Melanoma Cells in Syngeneic Mice (1999)

We investigated the effect of the water extract of Cordyceps sinensis (WECS) on liver metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and B16 melanoma (B16) cells in mice. C57BL/6 mice were given a s.c. injection of LLC and B16 cells and sacrificed 20 and 26 days after tumor inoculation, respectively. WECS was daily administered p.o. to the mice in a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight (wt.) in the experiment of LLC and in a dose of 100 or 200 mg/kg body wt. in the experiment of B16 from one week before tumor inoculation to one day before the date of sacrifice. The tumor cells increased in the thigh in LLC-inoculated mice and in the footpad in B16-inoculated mice. The relative liver wt. of the tumor-inoculated mice significantly increased as compared to that of the normal mice due to the tumor metastasis, as verified by the hematoxylin-eosin staining pathological study in the LLC experiment. The relative liver wt. of the WECS-administered mice significantly decreased relative to that of the control mice in both the LLC and B16 experiments. WECS showed a strong cytotoxicity against LLC and B16 cells, while cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine), an active component of WECS, was not cytotoxic against these cells. These findings suggest that WECS has an anti-metastatic activity that is probably due to components other than cordycepin.
The Many Facets of SDF-1α, CXCR4 Agonists and Antagonists on Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells (2007)

Stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha) has pleiotropic effects on hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). We have monitored podia formation, migration, proliferation, and cell-cell adhesion of human HPC under the influence of SDF-1alpha, a peptide agonist of CXCR4 (CTCE-0214), a peptide antagonist (CTCE-9908), and a nonpeptide antagonist (AMD3100). Whereas SDF-1alpha induced migration of CD34(+) cells in a dose-dependent manner, CTCE-0214, CTCE-9908, and AMD3100 did not induce chemotaxis in this concentration range albeit the peptides CTCE-0214 and CTCE-9908 increased podia formation. Cell-cell adhesion of HPC to human mesenchymal stromal cells was impaired by the addition of SDF-1alpha, CTCE-0214, and AMD3100. Proliferation was not affected by SDF-1alpha or its analogs. Surface antigen detection of CXCR4 was reduced upon treatment with SDF-1alpha or AMD3100 and it was enhanced by CTCE-9908. Despite the fact that all these molecules target the same CXCR4 receptor, CXCR4 agonists and antagonists have selective effects on different functions of the natural molecule.
Computer Generated Spatial Filters for Coherent Optical Data Processing (1968)

The setup used in many optical data processing schemes is a coherent optical image forming system. The most important lement in this setup is the complex spatial filter. It can perform a large variety of linear operations upon the object or input. In general, it is difficult to produce complex filters, since both amplitude transmission and phase delay may vary across the filter plane in a complicated manner. Our own filters which are very similar to binary holograms, consist of many little transparent rectangles on opaque background. They can easily be drawn on a large scale by a computer-guided plotter, and then photographically reduced in size. We show that our filters, despite containing only amplitude values zero and one, can perform any data processing operation which could be performed by any complex filter. After explaining the principle, we present three groups of applications. First, we describe new versions of some classical methods: schlieren observation and phase contrast. Next, we report on spatial which perform differential operations upon the object in order to enhance gradients or corners. Finally, we use our binary filters for signal detection.
Mechanism of interferon action: autoregulation of RNA-dependent P1/eIF-2 alpha protein kinase (PKR) expression in transfected mammalian cells. (1992)

The expression of a molecular cDNA clone (P1 KIN) of the human RNA-dependent P1/eIF-2 alpha protein kinase (PKR) was examined in transfected monkey cells and in cell-free protein-synthesizing systems. Expression of the wild-type (wt) P1 KIN cDNA, which encodes an active protein kinase, was compared with that of the phosphotransfer catalytic domain II Lys-296-->Arg (K296R) mutant cDNA, which does not encode an active kinase. wt and K296R mutant P1 mRNAs prepared by transcription in vitro with T7 RNA polymerase programmed the cell-free synthesis of P1 ribosome-associated protein with comparable efficiency in the rabbit reticulocyte system. The K296R mutant P1 protein was also efficiently synthesized in vivo in transfected COS monkey cells. However, synthesis of the wt P1 protein was reduced about 30-fold in transfected COS cells as compared with the K296R mutant P1 protein. Cotransfection of wt P1 KIN cDNA with either K296R mutant P1 KIN cDNA or reovirus S4 cDNA greatly reduced the synthesis of K296R mutant P1 protein and reovirus sigma 3 protein, respectively. Although the wt and K296R mutant P1 KIN plasmid expression vectors replicated with comparable efficiencies in COS cells, the steady-state amount of P1 mRNA was about 3-fold less in COS cells transfected with the wt as compared with the K296R mutant P1 KIN cDNA. These results suggest that RNA-dependent P1 protein kinase expression is autoregulated in vivo in transfected mammalian cells primarily at the level of translation by a mechanism that is likely dependent upon catalytically active P1 kinase.
Review of recent advances in nucleophilic C–F bond-forming reactions at sp3 centers (2014)

Because of the broad utility of organofluorine compounds, efficient nucleophilic fluorination reactions are of high synthetic value. This is because fluoride is generally less costly, more readily available as its positron-emitting isotope (18F−), and has a higher specific activity than its ‘F+’ counterparts. New reactions for the construction of CF bonds, that make use of contemporary chemical methods, have only lately begun to emerge. This review provides a brief summary of some of the recent disclosures in transition metal-catalyzed fluorination reactions at sp3-hybridized carbon centers with nucleophilic fluoride sources.
Purified Human Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor: Direct Action on Neutrophils (1984)

Neutrophil migration inhibition factor from T lymphocytes (NIF-T) is a lymphokine that acts to localize granulocytes. Medium conditioned by the Mo human T-lymphoblast cell line was used to purify NIF-T, a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 22,000. The NIF-T was found to potently stimulate the growth of granulocyte and macrophage colonies from human bone marrow and colony formation by the KG-1 myeloid leukemia cell line. Thus a human lymphokine (NIF-T) that modulates the activities of mature neutrophilic granulocytes is also a colony-stimulating factor acting on precursors to induce growth and differentiation of new effector cells.
Genetic Association Between a Lymphoid Tyrosine Phosphatase (PTPN22) and Type 1 Diabetes (2005)

The lymphoid-specific phosphatase (LYP) encoded by PTPN22 is involved in preventing spontaneous T-cell activation by dephosphorylating and inactivating T-cell receptor-associated Csk kinase. We have genotyped 396 type 1 diabetic patients and 1,178 control subjects of Caucasian descent from north central Florida and report a strong association between type 1 diabetes and a polymorphism (R620W) in the PTPN22 gene. The homozygous genotype for the T allele encoding the 620W residue is associated with an increased risk for developing type 1 diabetes (odds ratio [OR] = 3.4, P < 0.008), and the heterozygous genotype C/T had an OR of 1.7 (P = 6 x 10(-6)). The C/C homozygous genotype is protective against type 1 diabetes (OR = 0.5, P = 6 x 10(-6)). Furthermore, transmission disequilibrium analysis of 410 affected sibpair and simplex families of Caucasian descent indicated that the type 1 diabetes-associated T allele is transmitted more often (57.2%) than randomly expected (P < 0.003). Together with previous reports of the association between PTPN22 and type 1 diabetes, as well as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, these results provide compelling evidence that LYP is a critical player in multiple autoimmune disorders.
Building compressed database systems (2002)

Over the last decades, improvements in CPU speed have outpaced improvements in disk access rates by orders of magnitude, motivating the use of data compression techniques in database systems to trade reduced disk I/O against additional CPU overhead for compression and decompression of data. In this thesis, we study how to build compressed database systems that achieve better performance than conventional database systems. We address the following four issues. 
First, we study how to compress string data stored in database systems. Despite the abundance of string-valued attributes in relational schemas, there is little work on compression for string attributes in a database context. We propose a Hierarchical Dictionary Encoding strategy that intelligently selects the most effective compression method for string-valued attributes, and achieves significant performance improvement over standard compression techniques such as Lempel-Ziv. 
Second, we examine how to run queries efficiently on compressed data. None of the previous work suitably addresses the role of the query optimizer: during query execution, data are either eagerly decompressed when they are read into main memory, or data lazily stay compressed in main memory and are decompressed only on demand. We introduce the compression-aware query optimization problem and propose two algorithms: a provably optimal algorithm and a fast algorithm that almost always generates optimal execution strategies. Experiments using TPC-H data demonstrate that our approach results in up to an order speed-up over existing approaches. 
Third, we study the problem of automatically selecting compression methods based on a query workload, which is crucial for the performance and usability of compressed database systems. We examine the complexity of the problem and propose a solution that conducts a cost-based search on possible compression configurations. Our experiments using both real and TPC-H data demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. 
Finally, we examine how to compress results shipped to clients that have limited bandwidth connections or severe storage restrictions. We choose a combination of compression methods that use statistical and semantic information of the query results to enhance the effect of compression.
Monolithic IGBT gate driver in a conventional low-voltage BiCMOS process (1998)

de reproduction sur papier ou sur format lectronique.L'auteur conserve la proprit du droit d'auteur qui protge cette thse.Ni la thse ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci ne doivent tre imprims ou autrement reproduits sans son autorisation.
<title>Embedded data glyph technology for hardcopy digital documents</title> (1994)

Bitmap printing from digital sources is commonly termed "digital printing"; however, machine retrieval of information content from printed images is typically inaccurate and unreliable in terms of digital information systems standards. For example, good optical character recognition systems provide error rates on the order of 1%. In another example, digital color copying, the loss of information compared to the original digital print file is much higher. Fundamentally, hardcopy printed for the needs of human readers does not provide a reliable digital data channel. In this sense these hardcopies are analog rather than digital documents. Embedded data technologies provide the means for encoding and retrieving digital information marked on hardcopy documents; they enable reliable information exchange between paper and electronic domains. A distinctive embedded data technology called self-clocking glyph codes has been developed by Xerox. Glyph codes provide digital data recording on hardcopy documents with high data density, robustness, pleasing appearance, and allowance for natural graphical integration with other printing. A good example of this code is composed of a rectangular lattice of mark centers with a linear or elliptical mark on each center oriented in one of two directions for recording one bit pei mark or one of four directions for recording two bits per mark. This code has the property of uniform visual texture and appears as a uniform gray or uniform color when printed at suitable scale compared to the viewing distance; for example, 5x5 pixel glyph cells at 300 dpi. Two-dimensional codes for data, synchronization, error correction, and other functions proide remarkable digital system robustness and functionality. Arbitrary digital data may be encoded to represent a vast variety of information. Examples include data representing visible printed content such as text files or color information and nonprinted document aspects such as formatting, revision histories, mathematical relations in spread sheets, and network file references. Thus, glyph codes provide high capacity digital data channels enabling document systems to bridge electronic and hardcopy domains with the functionality and reliability that users have come to expect of digital technologies. The format and appearance of glyph codes facilitate their graphical integration in documents. Together these features enable truly digital hardcopy documents that combine excellence in appearance and function.
Vigorous Response of Human Innate Functioning IgM Memory B Cells upon Infection by Neisseria gonorrhoeae (2012)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the cause of the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea, elicits low levels of specific Ig that decline rapidly after the bacteria are cleared. Reinfection with the same serovar can occur, and prior gonococcal infection does not alter the Ig response upon subsequent exposure, suggesting that protective immunity is not induced. The mucosal Ig response apparent during gonorrhea does not correlate with that observed systemically, leading to a suggestion that it is locally generated. In considering whether N. gonorrhoeae directly influences B cells, we observed that gonococcal infection prolonged viability of primary human B cells in vitro and elicited robust activation and vigorous proliferative responses in the absence of T cells. Furthermore, we observed the specific expansion of IgD(+)CD27(+) B cells in response to gonococcal infection. These cells are innate in function, conferring protection against diverse microbes by producing low-affinity, broadly reactive IgM without inducing classical immunologic memory. Although gonococcal infection of B cells produced small amounts of gonococcal-specific IgM, IgM specific for irrelevant Ags were also produced, suggesting a broad, polyspecific Ig response. The gonococci were effectively bound and engulfed by B cells. TLR9-inhibitory CpGs blocked B cell responses, indicating that intracellular bacterial degradation allows for innate immune detection within the phagolysosome. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a bacterial pathogen having specific affinity for the human IgM memory B cells, driving their potent activation and polyclonal Ig response. This unfocused T-independent response explains the localized Ig response that occurs, despite an absence of immunologic memory elicited during gonorrhea.
Copper tolerant yeasts isolated from polluted area of Argentina (2005)

Eleven yeasts were isolated from wastewater sediment samples collected from a copper filter mine plant, located in the province of Tucumán, Argentina, and tested for their heavy metal tolerance. Two isolates were selected based on their multiple tolerance to different heavy metals and their copper biosorption capacity was studied. Analysis of the 26S rDNA D1/D2 domain sequences indicates that isolate RCL-3 showed similarity with Candida sp. and RCL-11 with Rhodotorula mucilaginosa . Growth performance and copper toxicity of both yeasts were evaluated using YNB-glucose medium supplemented with 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1 mM of Cu2+ solutions. Candida sp. RCL-3 was able to grow up to 7 mg ml(-1) biomass in the presence of either 0.1 or 0.2 mM Cu2+, and at 0.5 mM Cu2+ growth reached 5.5 mg ml(-1). R. mucilaginosa RCL-11 reached 8 mg ml(-1) in the presence of 0.1 mM Cu2+, and values of 6.5 and 5.5 mg ml(-1) biomass were obtained at 0.2 and 0.5 mM Cu2+, respectively. Copper accumulation profiles were different: the metal was librated from the intact cells by Candida sp. whereas R. mucilaginosa did not show release from the cells indicating intracellular storage. Specific biosorption of copper by both isolated yeasts showed increase with the initial copper supplied with the medium (up to 11.5 and 8.0 mg Cu g(-1) biomass for Candida sp. and R. mucilaginosa , respectively). However, specific biosorption decreased with time.
Highlights in Food Allergy (1996)

Food allergy: problems, fiction and hard facts, A.L. de Weck The maturation of the immune system, L.A. Hanson Immunological interaction between the mother and her infant in relation to the development of food allergy, B. Bjoksten Nutrition in infancy and childhood, M. Giovannini, et al Prophylaxis of cow's milk allergy, L. Businco et al Diseases of the gastro-intestinal tract of children caused by immune reactions to foods, H.A. Sampson Optimization, standardization and control of food allergens, N. Niemeijer et al Cross-reacting allergens in clinical syndromes, E.A. Pastorello et al Characterization of Mal d 1, the 18-kD major apple allergen, at the molecular level, S. Vieths, B. Schoning Identification of allergens in apple, pear, celery, carrot and potato: cross-reactivity with pollen allergens, C. Ebner et al Allergies to wheat, yeast and royal jelly: a connection between ingestion and inhalation? B.A. Baldo Reinvestigation of the major peanut allergen Ara h 1 on the molecular level, L. Buschmann et al Chemical composition and structure of food constituents: defining allergenic potential, K. Miller et al Allergenicity of foods derived from transgenic plants, J.D. Astwood, R.L. Fuchs T-cell response to milk proteins in atopic and nonatopic donors, P. Parronchi et al Food allergy in patients with gastrointestinal disease, S.C. Bischoff et al Food allergy in adults with atopic dermatitis, F. de Maat-Bleeker, C. Bruijnzeel-Koomen The pork/cat syndrome or crossed reactivity between cat epithelia and pork meat, M. Drouet, A. Sabbah IgE-binding proteins in fish and fish steam, C.Y. Pacual et al Comparison of the results of skin prick tests, CAP system and ENEA system in the diagnosis of food allergy, M. Ispano et al Serous otitis media and food allergy, J.A. Bellanti et al Otitis serosa: a food allergy?, A. Host Celiac disease: a food allergy? contra! J. Hed Some limitations in the use of specific Ige in the diagnosis of food hypersensitivity, C. Bindslev-Jensen, L.K. Poulsen Specific IgG antibodies as markers of adverse reactions to foods, V. Marinkovich Specific antibodies markers of adverse reactions to foods, contra! B. Wuthrich What do we at present know about the ALCAT test and what is lacking?, C. Bindslev-Jensen, L.K. Poulsen Oral desensitization with cow's milk in IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy, contra! S.L. Bahna Oral desensitization with cow's milk in cow's milk allergy, pro!, B. Wuthrich Treatment of food allergy with low-dose vaccination, I.J. Ansotegui et al Prophylaxis and treatment of food allergy with disodium cromoglycate, R. Paganelli et al. (Part contents).
Robotic control in hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy in humans - a pilot study (2005)

Computer-assisted surgical devices, including laparoscopic surgical robotic arms, can be used in urologic surgery to minimize trauma. In this study, we explored the feasibility and applicability of using a robotic arm, AESOP (Computer Motion Inc, Goleta, CA), as a substitute for surgical assistants during hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomies in humans. Four patients (3 men and 1 woman, mean age 66 years) underwent robotic-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy. The hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy was completed successfully in all patients. The average operative time, estimated blood loss, and time to hospital discharge was 252.5 minutes, 0.57 ml, and 4.5 days, respectively. Postoperative satisfactory function was confirmed through laboratory tests, imaging exams and biochemical tests. No complications were reported for any of the patients. Parameters, such as the operative time, are expected to be further reduced when more experience with the use of the robot has been acquired. In conclusion, robotic-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy is feasible and safe, and can be performed without complications. The potential long-term cost effectiveness of using robotic surgical assistants in laparoscopic surgery highlights the economic impact of this research and warrants further investigation.
Natural trans - splicing in carnitine octanoyltransferase pre-mRNAs in rat liver (1998)

Carnitine octanoyltransferase (COT) transports medium-chain fatty acids through the peroxisome. During isolation of a COT clone from a rat liver library, a cDNA in which exon 2 was repeated, was characterized. Reverse transcription-PCR amplifications of total RNAs from rat liver showed a three-band pattern. Sequencing of the fragments revealed that, in addition to the canonical exon organization, previously reported [Choi, S. J. et al. (1995) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1264, 215-222], there were two other forms in which exon 2 or exons 2 and 3 were repeated. The possibility of this exonic repetition in the COT gene was ruled out by genomic Southern blot. To study the gene expression, we analyzed RNA transcripts by Northern blot after RNase H digestion of total RNA. Three different transcripts were observed. Splicing experiments also were carried out in vitro with different constructs that contain exon 2 plus the 5' or the 3' adjacent intron sequences. Our results indicate that accurate joining of two exons 2 occurs by a trans-splicing mechanism, confirming the potential of these structures for this process in nature. The trans-splicing can be explained by the presence of three exon-enhancer sequences in exon 2. Analysis by Western blot of the COT proteins by using specific antibodies showed that two proteins corresponding to the expected Mr are present in rat peroxisomes. This is the first time that a natural trans-splicing reaction has been demonstrated in mammalian cells.