gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the discrimination of speaker independent hidden Markov models with corrective training (2003)

Corrective training is a recently proposed method of improving hidden Markov model parameters. Corrective training and related algorithms are applied to the domain of small-vocabulary, speaker-independent recognition. The contribution of each parameter of the algorithm is examined. Results confirm that corrective training can improve on the recognition rate achieved by maximum-likelihood training. However, the algorithm is sensitive to selection of parameters. A heuristic quantity is proposed to monitor the progress of the corrective training algorithm, and this quantity is used to adapt a parameter of corrective training. An alternative training algorithm is discussed and compared to corrective training. It yielded open test recognition rates comparable to those of maximum-likelihood training, but inferior to those of corrective training.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Isolation of salmonellas by immunomagnetic separation (1992)

Magnetisable particles, coated with anti-salmonella serum, were used to isolate Salmonella livingstone from pure cultures, mixed cultures and food samples. Beads (10(7] were generally incubated with 10(4) Salm. livingstone cells/ml for 60 min at room temperature. The incubation and washing medium (0.01 mol/l phosphate-buffered saline; PBS) contained 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 0.1% Tween 20, respectively. This method gave a recovery for Salm. livingstone of 51.0 +/- 7.8%. However, other micro-organisms such as Aeromonas hydrophila interfered with this test because of non-specific reactions (recovery 50.9 +/- 12.7%). These non-specific reactions could be decreased by using 4% skim milk instead of 0.1% BSA in the incubation medium. The ratio of the recovery of Salm. livingstone relative to the recovery of Aer. hydrophila changed from 0.9 when PBS with 0.1% BSA was used, to 13.4 when PBS with 4% skim milk was used. Immunomagnetic separation of Salmonella spp. from food samples offers good prospects for concentrating salmonella cells from heterogeneous bacterial suspensions, such as enrichment broths.
Clinically Relevant Anatomy of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (2011)

This study found that superior to C7-T1, both RLNs had similar anatomic courses and received similar protection via surrounding soft-tissue structures. From an anatomic perspective, the authors did not appreciate a side-to-side difference superior to this level that could place either nerve under greater risk for injury.
Photoluminescence studies of molecular interactions. I. Synthesis of some indolyl ketones and tryptophan analogues. (1974)

A number of indolyl ketones and an amino-acid have been prepared by Fischer indolisation of cyclic diketones and of their monoethylene acetals: the difficultly accessible 1,2,4,9-tetrahydrocarbazol-3-one (1) and the novel amino-acid 3-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole-3-carboxylic acid (5) were obtained in good yield in this way. The direction of indolisation of decalin-2,6-dione monoethylene acetal and of 5α- and 5β-androstane-3,17-diones was established by mass spectrometry and shown to give linearly fused tetrahydrocarbazole derivatives.
Development of New Wall Materials (2010)

Refers to the new wall materials,other than the various types of solid clay brick wall materials,is a new energy-saving building materials,through advanced processing methods,made with a lightweight,high strength,multi-functional and so suitable for modern construction requirements building materials.In recent years,with a emphasis on building energy conservation and construction industry itself requirements of sustainable development,new wall materials to be paid more attention.This paper describes the status of the development of new wall materials,and analyzes the prospects for development..
Salivary lipid profiles of the leech (Hirudo medicinalis) (1996)

Saliva was collected from sixteen leeches (Hirudo medicinalis). The saliva was analyzed for its total lipid content (3.26 +/- 0.31 mg of total lipids per 100 mL saliva). The lipids were separated into polar and nonpolar by chromatographic techniques. The neutral fraction was approximately 2/3 of the total, and the polar fraction was approximately 1/3 of the total lipids. Thin-layer chromatography was used to obtain the individual profiles of the polar and nonpolar lipids. Of the identified lipids, phosphatidic acids and free fatty acids represented the largest percentage. These results suggest that the leech contains a unique lipid distribution, and that some of these components may be potent phospholipases and lipases that probably are present in its saliva for the purpose of preventing plugging or healing of the wound in the attacked organism.
Discovery and Preclinical Characterization of Novel Small Molecule TRK and ROS1 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Cancer and Inflammation (2013)

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), in response to their growth factor ligands, phosphorylate and activate downstream signals important for physiological development and pathological transformation. Increased expression, activating mutations and rearrangement fusions of RTKs lead to cancer, inflammation, pain, neurodegenerative diseases, and other disorders. Activation or over-expression of ALK, ROS1, TRK (A, B, and C), and RET are associated with oncogenic phenotypes of their respective tissues, making them attractive therapeutic targets. Cancer cDNA array studies demonstrated over-expression of TRK-A and ROS1 in a variety of cancers, compared to their respective normal tissue controls. We synthesized a library of small molecules that inhibit the above indicated RTKs with picomolar to nanomolar potency. The lead molecule GTx-186 inhibited RTK-dependent cancer cell and tumor growth. In vitro and in vivo growth of TRK-A-dependent IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells and ROS1-overexpressing NIH3T3 cells were inhibited by GTx-186. GTx-186 also inhibited inflammatory signals mediated by NFκB, AP-1, and TRK-A and potently reduced atopic dermatitis and air-pouch inflammation in mice and rats. Moreover, GTx-186 effectively inhibited ALK phosphorylation and ALK-dependent cancer cell growth. Collectively, the RTK inhibitor GTx-186 has a unique kinase profile with potential to treat cancer, inflammation, and neuropathic pain.
Double-chirped semiconductor mirror for dispersion compensation in femtosecond lasers (1999)

A double-chirped mirror structure with broadband negative dispersion was realized with semiconductor technology. The necessary high precision of the fabrication was achieved by using special calibration structures. A single reflection on the obtained low-loss mirror produces sufficient negative dispersion for dispersion compensation in a femtosecond laser cavity. In this way we demonstrate 200 fs pulses from a compact Nd:glass laser without any additional dispersion compensation.
Pyrosequencing?: An accurate detection platform for single nucleotide polymorphisms (2002)

Pyrosequencing, a non-electrophoretic method for DNA sequencing, is emerging as a popular platform for analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This technology has the advantage of accuracy, ease-of-use, and high flexibility for different applications. Here, we review the methodology and the use of this technique for SNP genotyping, SNP discovery, haplotyping, and allelic frequency studies. In addition, we describe new schemes for template preparation and multiplexing as an effort for cost reduction in large-scale studies.
Water soluble conducting polymers (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWater soluble conducting polymersA. O. Patil, Y. Ikenoue, Fred Wudl, and A. J. HeegerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 6, 1858–1859Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00240a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00240a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3413Altmetric-Citations430LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Algal Turf Scrubbing: Cleaning Surface Waters with Solar Energy while Producing a Biofuel (2011)

As human populations have expanded, Earth's atmosphere and natural waters have become dumps for agricultural and industrial wastes. Remediation methods of the last half century have been largely unsuccessful. In many US watersheds, surface waters are eutrophic, and coastal water bodies, such as the Chesapeake Bay and the Gulf of Mexico, have become increasingly hypoxic. The algal turf scrubber (ATS) is an engineered system for flowing pulsed wastewaters over sloping surfaces with attached, naturally seeded filamentous algae. This treatment has been demonstrated for tertiary sewage, farm wastes, streams, and large aquaculture systems; rates as large as 40 million to 80 million liters per day (lpd) are routine. Whole-river-cleaning systems of 12 billion lpd are in development. The algal biomass, produced at rates 5 to 10 times those of other types of land-based agriculture, can be fermented, and significant research and development efforts to produce ethanol, butanol, and methane are under way. Unlike with algal photobioreactor systems, the cost of producing biofuels from the cleaning of wastewaters by ATS can be quite low.
Regulation of Cytokinin Oxidase Activity in Callus Tissues of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv Great Northern (1986)

The regulation of cytokinin oxidase activity in callus tissues of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv Great Northern has been examined using an assay based on the oxidation of N(6)-(Delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenine-8-(14)C (i(6) Ade-8-(14)C) to adenine. Solutions of exogenous cytokinins applied directly to the surface of the callus tissues induced relatively rapid increases in cytokinin oxidase activity. The increase in activity was detectable after 1 hour and continued for about 8 hours, reaching values two- to three-fold higher than the controls. The cytokinin-induced increase in cytokinin oxidase activity was inhibited in tissues pretreated with cordycepin or cycloheximide, suggesting that RNA and protein synthesis may be required for the response. Rifampicin and chloramphenicol, at concentrations that inhibited the growth of Great Northern callus tissues, were ineffective in inhibiting the increase in activity. All cytokinin-active compounds tested, including both substrates and nonsubstrates of cytokinin oxidase, were effective in inducing elevated levels of the enzyme in Great Northern callus tissue. The cytokinin-active urea derivative, Thidiazuron, was as effective as any adenine derivative in inducing this response. The addition of Thidiazuron to the reaction volumes used to assay cytokinin oxidase activity resulted in a marked inhibition of the degradation of the labeled i(6) Ade-8-(14)C substrate. On the basis of this result, it is possible that Thidiazuron may serve as a substrate for cytokinin oxidase, but other mechanisms of inhibition have not yet been excluded.
Effect of linagliptin monotherapy on glycaemic control and markers of β ‐cell function in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial (2010)

Monotherapy with linagliptin produced a significant, clinically meaningful and sustained improvement in glycaemic control, accompanied by enhanced parameters of β-cell function. The safety profile of linagliptin was comparable with that of placebo.
User profile identification in future mobile telecommunications systems (1994)

A UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) user profile denotes in which domains and under which conditions a specific service is available to a user. As the research work on UMTS is still in progress, new requirements for the user profile and its management are likely to be set. This article discusses the UMTS user profile identification issues. The authors introduce first the concept of user profile and the UMTS entities related to it. Then, the user profile is described and its management requirements are discussed followed by the description of two scenarios proposed for the user profile identification. Finally, the authors give a comparison of the two scenarios and their concluding remarks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The uptake kinetics of chimeric oligodeoxynucleotide analogues in human leukaemia MOLT-4 cells. (1992)

Chimeric oligodeoxynucleotides with terminal nonionic methylphosphonate analogue sections and internal phosphodiester regions offer several advantages as antisense effectors over either structure alone. These include enhanced biological stability relative to all-phosphodiester molecules, increased activity in directing ribonuclease H mediated destruction of target RNA, increased specificity and reduced non-specific toxicity. However, another important parameter, the ability of these molecules to enter intact mammalian cells, has not previously been investigated. Therefore, oligodeoxynucleotides were tagged at their 5'-termini with fluorescein reporter groups and a detailed study of uptake kinetics in human leukaemia MOLT-4 cells undertaken by calibrated flow cytometry. Baseline measurements with all-phosphodiester and all-methylphosphonate molecules confirmed that uptake of oligodeoxynucleotides by intact cells is a highly inefficient process. The kinetic data were in agreement with previous reports of mechanisms of cell uptake involving receptor mediated endocytosis in the case of phosphodiester molecules and simple diffusion for methylphosphonates. Chimeric oligodeoxynucleotides exhibited saturable cell uptake kinetics similar to all-phosphodiester oligodeoxynucleotides, suggesting that uptake was receptor-mediated and distinct from concentration-dependent uptake of all-methylphosphonate molecules. Similarly, chimeric molecules were apparently confined to the endosomal compartment within cells. These results imply that reversible masking of the negative charges of the phosphodiester sections of chimeric oligodeoxynucleotides may be required to change the uptake mechanism back to simple diffusion and allow intracellular delivery to the site of the target RNA.
Analysis of high-affinity binding determinants in the receptor binding epitope of basic fibroblast growth factor (1997)

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is implicated in the pathogenesis of several vascular and connective diseases. A key step in the discovery of bFGF receptor antagonists to mitigate these actions is to define the functional epitope required for receptor binding of the growth factor. In previous studies, we identified Glu96 as an essential residue in this epitope using site-directed mutagenesis. Here we examined the role of solvent accessible neighboring residues of Glu96 of bFGF on receptor binding affinity. Wild-type bFGF and its muteins were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli and evaluated for FGF receptor binding affinity. Replacement of Asn104 of bFGF by alanine reduced receptor binding affinity over 400-fold compared with wild-type bFGF. We next explored the effect of neighboring residues of Asn104 on receptor binding affinity-Muteins in which Arg97, Leu98, Glu99, Asn101, Asn102, Thr105 and Pro141 were individually replaced by alanine exhibited receptor binding similar to wild-type bFGF. By contrast, substitution of Tyr103 or Leu140 by alanine reduced receptor binding affinity about 400- and 150-fold, respectively, in accord with a previous report. We conclude that at least six solvent-accessible residues in bFGF are crucial for high-affinity receptor binding, as evidenced by at least a 10-fold diminution in the affinity of the corresponding alanine muteins. The polar residues Glu96 and Asn104 appear to form an area important for facilitating the initial contact between ligand and receptor, whereas Tyr24, Tyr103, Leu140 and Met142 form a hydrophobic patch that may stabilize the complex. The detailed structure of this functional epitope can be employed in the discovery and design of bFGF antagonists using computational methods.
Paclitaxel Balloon Coating, a Novel Method for Prevention and Therapy of Restenosis (2004)

Paclitaxel balloon coating is safe, and it effectively inhibits restenosis after coronary angioplasty with stent implantation in the porcine model. The degree of reduction in neointimal formation was comparable to that achieved with drug-eluting stents.
<title>Microflow devices for miniaturized chemical analysis systems</title> (1998)

In the development of chemical analysis systems a clear trend exists towards miniaturization using silicon micromachining. This paper reports on microflow devices such as microvalves, micropumps and bioreactors developed for the application to analytical chemistry. As examples, the design and performance of integrated enzyme-based analysis systems for the determination of gas-phase ethanol will be described.
Non-invasive exhaled volatile organic biomarker analysis to detect inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (2015)

This confirms the utility of exhaled VOC analysis to distinguish IBD from healthy controls, and UC from CD. It conforms to other studies using different technology, whilst affirming exhaled VOCs as biomarkers for diagnosing IBD.
The RAG Proteins and V(D)J Recombination: Complexes, Ends, and Transposition (2000)

V(D)J recombination proceeds through a series of protein:DNA complexes mediated in part by the RAG1 and RAG2 proteins. These proteins are responsible for sequence-specific DNA recognition and DNA cleavage, and they appear to perform multiple postcleavage roles in the reaction as well. Here we review the interaction of the RAG proteins with DNA, the chemistry of the cleavage reaction, and the higher order complexes in which these events take place. We also discuss postcleavage functions of the RAG proteins, including recent evidence indicating that they initiate the process of coding end processing by nicking hairpin DNA termini. Finally, we discuss the evolutionary and functional implications of the finding that RAG1 and RAG2 constitute a transposase, and we consider RAG protein biochemistry in the context of several bacterial transposition systems. This suggests a model of the RAG protein active site in which two divalent metal ions serve alternating and opposite roles as activators of attacking hydroxyl groups and stabilizers of oxyanion leaving groups.
Costimulatory and coinhibitory receptors in anti‐tumor immunity (2009)

Despite the expression of antigens by tumor cells, spontaneous immune-mediated rejection of cancer seems to be a rare event. T-cell receptor engagement by peptide/major histocompatibility complexes constitutes the main signal for the activation of naive T cells but is not sufficient to initiate a productive generation and maintenance of effector cells. Full activation of T cells requires additional signals driven by costimulatory molecules present on activated antigen-presenting cells but rarely on tumors. Following the discovery of B7-1 (CD80), several other costimulatory molecules have been shown to contribute to T-cell activation and have relevance for improving anti-tumor immunity. Moreover, increasing the understanding of coinhibitory receptors has highlighted key additional pathways that can dominantly inhibit anti-tumor T-cell function. Improving positive costimulation, and interfering with negative regulation, continues to represent an attractive immunotherapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer. This review focuses upon those pathways with the highest potential for clinical application in human cancer patients.
A "patient-like" nude mouse model of parietal pleural human lung adenocarcinoma. (1994)

Histologically intact human adenocarcinoma of the lung maintained in nude mice by serial subcutaneous transplantations (4 generations) was harvested and transplanted to the parietal pleura of 11 other nude mice via a novel thoracotomy procedure. Local and regional tumor growth of transplanted tumors occurred in all cases within 31 days, resulting in weight loss, decreased physical activity and death. This rapid-growth "patient-like" model of direct transplantation of a human neoplasm to the parietal pleura may facilitate basic research of pleural malignancies, and stimulate studies of pleural tumor response to cytotoxic treatment, biologic modifiers, and other modalities of treatment. and other modalities of treatment.
Primate models for cardiovascular drug research and development. (2010)

One of the primary impediments to successful drug R&D is the frequent failure of successfully translating positive results obtained in animal models to human disease. To a large degree, this discrepancy is secondary to the substantial biological differences between species. Non-human primate models have the advantage of significant physiological, metabolic, biochemical and genetic similarity to humans. Despite this advantage, there has been a relative paucity of non-human primate models used in the study of disease states that currently underlie the most common causes of morbidity and mortality, such as chronic myocardial ischemia leading to heart failure. This review describes a primate model of heart failure that closely mimics the cardiomyopathic process observed in humans. The primary advantage of this non-human primate model is that, unlike existing heart failure models, it allows for continuous study during progressive stages of heart failure, including myocardial ischemia, progressive left ventricular remodeling and end-stage congestive heart failure. In addition to this model of heart failure, other non-human primate models for cardiovascular drug R&D are also reviewed.
Advanced inorganic chemistry (1999)

For more than a quarter century, Cotton and Wilkinson's Advanced Inorganic Chemistry has been the source that students and professional chemists have turned to for the background needed to understand current research literature in inorganic chemistry and aspects of organometallic chemistry. Like its predecessors, this updated Sixth Edition is organized around the periodic table of elements and provides a systematic treatment of the chemistry of all chemical elements and their compounds. It incorporates important recent developments with an emphasis on advances in the interpretation of structure, bonding, and reactivity.From the reviews of the Fifth Edition:* The first place to go when seeking general information about the chemistry of a particular element, especially when up-to-date, authoritative information is desired. -Journal of the American Chemical Society.* Every student with a serious interest in inorganic chemistry should have [this book]. -Journal of Chemical Education.* A mine of information . . . an invaluable guide. -Nature.* The standard by which all other inorganic chemistry books are judged.-Nouveau Journal de Chimie.* A masterly overview of the chemistry of the elements.-The Times of London Higher Education Supplement.* A bonanza of information on important results and developments which could otherwise easily be overlooked in the general deluge of publications. -Angewandte Chemie.