gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive noise cancelling: Principles and applications (1975)

This paper describes the concept of adaptive noise cancelling, an alternative method of estimating signals corrupted by additive noise or interference. The method uses a "primary" input containing the corrupted signal and a "reference" input containing noise correlated in some unknown way with the primary noise. The reference input is adaptively filtered and subtracted from the primary input to obtain the signal estimate. Adaptive filtering before subtraction allows the treatment of inputs that are deterministic or stochastic, stationary or time variable. Wiener solutions are developed to describe asymptotic adaptive performance and output signal-to-noise ratio for stationary stochastic inputs, including single and multiple reference inputs. These solutions show that when the reference input is free of signal and certain other conditions are met noise in the primary input can be essentiany eliminated without signal distortion. It is further shown that in treating periodic interference the adaptive noise canceller acts as a notch filter with narrow bandwidth, infinite null, and the capability of tracking the exact frequency of the interference; in this case the canceller behaves as a linear, time-invariant system, with the adaptive filter converging on a dynamic rather than a static solution. Experimental results are presented that illustrate the usefulness of the adaptive noise cancelling technique in a variety of practical applications. These applications include the cancelling of various forms of periodic interference in electrocardiography, the cancelling of periodic interference in speech signals, and the cancelling of broad-band interference in the side-lobes of an antenna array. In further experiments it is shown that a sine wave and Gaussian noise can be separated by using a reference input that is a delayed version of the primary input. Suggested applications include the elimination of tape hum or turntable rumble during the playback of recorded broad-band signals and the automatic detection of very-low-level periodic signals masked by broad-band noise.
Concentration of Extracellular l-Glutamate Released from Cultured Nerve Cells Measured with a Small-Volume Online Sensor (1996)

An online sensor with a low detection limit for L-glutamate was developed in order to monitor the change in the extracellular L-glutamate concentration as a result of stimulated release from cultured nerve cells. The sensor consisted of a microdialysis (MD) probe fixed at the manipulator, a small-volume L-glutamate oxidase enzymatic reactor (0.75 mm i.d. and 2.5 cm long), and an electrochemical detector in a thin-layer radial flow cell with an active volume of 70-340 nL. Glassy carbon bulk or carbon film ring-disk electrodes were used as detectors by modifying them with Os poly(vinylpyridine) mediator containing horseradish peroxidase. The overall efficiency of L-glutamate detection with the sensor is 94% under optimum conditions, due to an efficient enzymatic reaction in the reactor and a high conversion efficiency in the radial flow cell. As a result, we achieved a sensitivity of 24.3 nA/muM and a detection limit of 7.2 nM (S/N = 3). The effect of interferents such as L-ascorbic acid can be minimized effectively by applying a low potential to the electrode for hydrogen peroxide detection (O mV) and via the ring-disk electrode geometry by using the disk for preoxidation. In the in vitro experiment, an MD probe for sampling was connected to a manipulator that controls distance between the probe and the stimulated cells. The cells were stimulated by KCl in a glass capillary or electrically with microarray film electrodes fabricated on a substrate. By using the sensor, we can monitor L-glutamate concentration changes at the submicromolar level caused by KCl stimulation of a single nerve cell and micromolar L-glutamate concentration increases caused by electrical stimulation of a brain slice. An increase in L-glutamate concentration can also be measured by positioning the probe near the cell that is connected synaptically to the stimulated cell.
Next-generation RF circuits and systems (2002)

This paper describes developments foreseen to occur in the near future in the RF industry. Applications such as wireless local loops, wireless local area networks, RF identification devices, multi-standard transceivers, and cable modems are considered. The choice of IC technologies and CAD tools is also discussed.
Cross-cultural analysis of blogs and forums with mixed-collection topic models (2009)

This paper presents preliminary results on the detection of cultural differences from people's experiences in various countries from two perspectives: tourists and locals. Our approach is to develop probabilistic models that would provide a good framework for such studies. Thus, we propose here a new model, ccLDA, which extends over the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) (Blei et al., 2003) and cross-collection mixture (ccMix) (Zhai et al., 2004) models on blogs and forums. We also provide a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the model on the cross-cultural data.
A cluster of genes that affects nucleoid segregation in Salmonella typhimurium. (1991)

Thirteen conditional lethal mutations in genes of Salmonella typhimurium map at the clmF locus and affect both viability and the faithful partitioning of daughter nucleoids. These mutations have now been divided into three complementation groups by using cloned fragments of S. typhimurium DNA and renamed parC, parE, and parF. The proteins produced from the cloned fragments predict that ParC is an 85-kD protein, ParE is 75 kD in size, and ParF, 27 kD. The parE gene is about 5 kb upstream of the parC gene, and parC is just upstream of parF. Genes situated between parC and parE produce at least two proteins of unknown function. The DNA sequence of the S. typhimurium parC gene was determined and has 56% homology with the first 1400 base pairs of the Escherichia coli gryA gene, which encodes the A subunit of DNA gyrase, and 85% homology with the E. coli parC gene. Despite the strong homology between gryA and parC, these two genes cannot substitute for one another. The DNA sequence of the S. typhimurium parF gene was determined and predicts a protein with a hydrophobic N terminus. The ParF protein may interact with ParC and ParE to anchor these proteins to the membrane. These results raise questions about the relative roles of gyrase and ParCEF in nucleoid decatenation. In addition, the parC and gyrA genes provide an example of the evolution of essential functions by gene duplication.
Multimedia handling scheme in a groupware system for B-ISDN (2003)

A synchronous groupware system, PMTC (personal multimedia-multipoint teleconference system), that creates sophisticated communication environments over an ATM-based broadband ISDN (B-ISDN) system is described. It realizes higher communication capabilities as well as groupware facilities. PMTC supports desktop multimedia teleconferences with full-motion video, high-quality voice, and graphics such as character code documents, bit map images, handwritten images, and pointers. Multimedia handling mechanisms for video/audio information and graphics, multimedia multiplexing and transmission techniques, and multimedia user interfaces such as the multimedia windowing technique used by PMTC are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Characterization of Drug Transport by the Human Multidrug Resistance Protein 3 (ABCC3) (2001)

We have characterized the substrate specificity and mechanism of transport of the human multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 (MRP3). A murine fibroblast-like cell line generated from the kidneys of mice that lack Mdr1a/b and Mrp1 was retrovirally transduced with MRP3 cDNA. Stable clones overproducing MRP3 were resistant to the epipodophyllotoxins etoposide and teniposide but not to vincristine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin, drugs suggested to be MRP3 substrates by others. The resistance to etoposide was associated with reduced cellular accumulation and enhanced efflux of this drug and was not affected by depleting cells of glutathione but was inhibited by several common organic anion transport inhibitors. Membrane vesicles from infected insect cells expressing MRP3 mediated ATP-dependent transport of estradiol 17-beta-D-glucuronide, leukotriene C(4), dinitrophenyl S-glutathione but not glutathione itself, and etoposide glucuronide, a major metabolite of etoposide in vivo. The transport of estradiol 17-beta-D-glucuronide by MRP3 was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by both etoposide and methotrexate. Even though etoposide glucuronide is an excellent substrate for MRP3, this compound is not involved in the etoposide resistance of our MRP3 cells, as these cells extrude unmodified etoposide rather than etoposide glucuronide.
Monolayer graphene saturable absorbers with strongly enhanced evanescent-field interaction for ultrafast fiber laser mode-locking (2015)

We demonstrate an efficient all-fiber saturable absorber (SA) that evanescently interacts with a graphene monolayer. Strong nonlinear interaction between the graphene sheet and evanescent wave was realized in both experiments and numerical calculations by employing an over-cladding structure on high-quality monolayer graphene that uniformly covered the side-polished fiber. A passively mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser was built, including our in-line graphene SA, which stably generated ultrashort pulses with pulse duration of 377 fs at a repetition rate of 37.7 MHz. The corresponding 3-dB spectral bandwidth of the laser was measured to be 8.6 nm at the central wavelength of 1607.7 nm. We also experimentally observed that the spectral bandwidth and pulse duration of the laser output could be controlled by proper selection of the refractive index of the over-cladding material on the monolayer-graphene SA.
The effects of seizures on the connectivity and circuitry of the developing brain (2004)

Recurring seizures in infants and children are often associated with cognitive deficits, but the reason for the learning difficulties is unclear. Recent studies in several animal models suggest that seizures themselves may contribute in important ways to these deficits. Other studies in animals have shown that recurring seizures result in dendritic spine loss. This change, coupled with a down-regulation in NMDA receptor subunit expression, suggests that repetitive seizures may interrupt the normal development of glutamatergic synaptic transmission. We hypothesize that homeostatic, neuroprotective processes are induced by recurring early-life seizures. These processes, by diminishing glutamatergic synaptic transmission, are aimed at preventing the continuation of seizures. However, by preventing the normal development of glutamatergic synapses, and particularly NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission, such homeostatic processes also reduce synaptic plasticity and diminish the ability of neuronal circuits to learn and store memories.
Design and Generation of DVD-Ig™ Molecules for Dual-Specific Targeting (2012)

The dual variable domain immunoglobulin (DVD-IgTM) protein is a new type of dual-specific IgG. As a novel therapeutic class, the great potential of the DVD-Ig protein is to simultaneously target two mediators of disease by a single pharmaceutical entity. The molecule contains an Fc region and constant regions in a configuration similar to a conventional IgG; however, the DVD-Ig protein is unique in that each arm of the molecule contains two variable domains (VDs). The VDs within an arm are linked in tandem and can possess different binding specificities. Here, we discuss critical design features of the DVD-Ig protein and describe a methodology for cloning, expressing, and purifying the molecules.
Formation of 4-hydroxybenzoate in Escherichia coli: characterization of the ubiC gene and its encoded enzyme chorismate pyruvate-lyase (1994)

Chorismate pyruvate-lyase from Escherichia coli converts chorismate to 4-hydroxybenzoate. The enzyme was enriched 3000-fold by overexpression and chromatographic purification. It has an apparent Km value for chorismate of 6.1 microM and an isoelectric point of pH 6.45. The enzyme activity did not require metal cofactors. Promoter sequences in the 5' flanking sequences of the ubiCA operon were localized by transcription and translation of active chorismate pyruvate-lyase in vitro from different PCR fragments. Sequencing of the ubiC gene of the mutant strain AN244 revealed a G-->A transition resulting in a change from glutamic acid to lysine. A feeding experiment with [1,7-13C2]shikimate confirmed the chorismate pyruvate-lyase as the sole enzymic source of 4-hydroxybenzoate in vivo.
Single‐chain antibody variable region‐targeted interleukin‐2 stimulates T cell killing of human colorectal carcinoma cells (1994)

Recombinant DNA techniques were used to clone, construct and express the bifunctional molecule FV/IL-2. The FV/IL-2 is a single-chain 37 kDa fusion protein expressed in Escherichia coli under control of the strong T7 bacteriophage promoter in the expression vector pT7-7-FV-IL-2. The fused gene fragment FV-IL-2 contains a single-chain anti-TAG72 FV gene fragment and the human recombinant cDNA fragment of the IL-2 molecule. The renatured soluble form of FV/IL-2 was purified from E. coli inclusion bodies using hydroxylapatite chromatography. The yield of this fusion protein was estimated at 2.0 mg/L. Our data showed that the FV/IL-2 molecule retained the TAG72 antigen-binding specificity and the IL-2 activity as measured in the standard T cell proliferation as well as cytotoxicity assays. Therefore, it may prove to be useful in targeting the biological effect of IL-2 to tumour cells and stimulating its immune destruction.
Steroid 21‐hydroxylase is a major autoantigen involved in adult onset autoimmune Addison's disease (1992)

An adrenal-specific protein reacting with autoantibodies in the sera of patients with adult onset Addison's disease has been purified from human adrenal glands. The protein, mol.wt. 55K, has the biochemical characteristics of steroid 21-hydroxylase and reacts on Western blots with rabbit antibodies to recombinant 21-hydroxylase. Absorption of the native human 55K adrenal protein with human adrenal autoantibodies prevented the subsequent reaction of the 55K protein with rabbit antibodies to 21-hydroxylase in Western blot analysis. In addition, human adrenal autoantibodies reacted with recombinant 21-hydroxylase expressed in yeast. These data indicate that the adrenal specific enzyme steroid 21-hydroxylase is a major autoantigen involved in adult onset autoimmune Addison's disease.
Positron-emission tomography in tardive dyskinesia (1995)

Cerebral glucose metabolic rates were determined in normal control subjects (n = 26) and schizophrenic patients with tardive dyskinesia (n = 14). Globus pallidus and primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus) metabolic values divided by those of the cerebral hemispheres were significantly increased in the patient group. A similar metabolic pattern has not been reported for schizophrenic patients without tardive dyskinesia, and the abnormalities were demonstrated despite the normal appearance of the basal ganglia on X-ray CT. The findings differed markedly from the reduced metabolic rates of the basal ganglia previously identified in other choreiform disorders, including Huntington's and Wilson's diseases. The findings suggest that tardive dyskinesia is characterized by increased pallidal synaptic activity resulting from either altered striatopallidal input or increased pallidal interneuron firing.
Olde England unter dem Hammer (1990)

Lord Bingham veröffentliche seinen zweiunddreißigsten Roman, hatte es in dem Brief geheißen — ob er den Schweizer Literaturkritiker zu einem Mittagessen erwarten dürfe? Ich nahm an. Und so kam es, daß ich — vor Jahren — zum erstenmal bei einem richtigen englischen Lord zu Gast war. Bei Lord Mauro Bingham. Und so kommt es, daß mir heute zum erstenmal eine Lüge aus meinem Tagebuch entgegenstarrt. Der Lord hieß natürlich nicht wirklich Mauro Bingham. Aber ähnlich. Warum also die Lüge? Weil es immerhin sein kann, daß zufällig mir nicht bekannte Menschen mein Tagebuch lesen. Und einen wirklichen Lord will ich Unbekannten nicht preisgeben.
Mutational Heterogeneity in Human Cancers: Origin and Consequences (2009)

Cancer recapitulates Darwinian evolution. Mutations acquired during life that provide cells with a growth or survival advantage will preferentially multiply to form a tumor. As a result of The Cancer Genome Atlas Project, we have gathered detailed information on the nucleotide sequence changes in a number of human cancers. The sources of mutations in cancer are diverse, and the complexity of those found to be clonally present in tumors has increasingly made it difficult to identify key rate-limiting genes for tumor growth that could serve as potential targets for directed therapies. The impact of DNA sequencing on future cancer research and personalized therapy is likely to be profound and merits critical evaluation.
N-linked Glycosylation of the Thyroid Na+/I− Symporter (NIS) (1998)

The Na+/I- symporter (NIS), a 618-amino acid membrane glycoprotein that catalyzes the active accumulation of I- into thyroid cells, was identified and characterized at the molecular level in our laboratory (Dai, G., Levy, O., and Carrasco, N. (1996) Nature 379, 458-460). Because mature NIS is highly glycosylated, it migrates in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a broad polypeptide of higher molecular mass (approximately 90-110 kDa) than nonglycosylated NIS (approximately 50 kDa). Using site-directed mutagenesis, we substituted both separately and simultaneously the asparagine residues in all three putative N-linked glycosylation consensus sequences of NIS with glutamine and assessed the effects of the mutations on function and stability of NIS in COS cells. All mutants were active and displayed 50-90% of wild-type NIS activity, including the completely nonglycosylated triple mutant. This demonstrates that to a considerable extent, function and stability of NIS are preserved in the partial or even total absence of N-linked glycosylation. We also found that Asn225 is glycosylated, thus proving that the hydrophilic loop that contains this amino acid residue faces the extracellular milieu rather than the cytosol as previously suggested. We demonstrated that the NH2 terminus faces extracellularly as well. A new secondary structure model consistent with these findings is proposed.
Angiostatin Formation Involves Disulfide Bond Reduction and Proteolysis in Kringle 5 of Plasmin (1999)

Plasmin is processed in the conditioned medium of HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells producing fragments with the domain structures of the angiogenesis inhibitor, angiostatin, and microplasmin. Angiostatin consists of kringle domains 1-4 and part of kringle 5, while microplasmin consists of the remainder of kringle 5 and the serine proteinase domain. Our findings indicate that formation of angiostatin/microplasmin involves reduction of plasmin by a plasmin reductase followed by proteolysis of the reduced enzyme. We present evidence that the Cys461-Cys540 and Cys511-Cys535 disulfide bonds in kringle 5 of plasmin were reduced by plasmin reductase. Plasmin reductase activity was secreted by HT1080 and Chinese hamster ovary cells and the human mammary carcinoma cell lines MCF-7, MDA231, and BT20 but not by the monocyte/macrophage cell line THP-1. Neither primary foreskin fibroblasts, blood monocyte/macrophages, nor macrovascular or microvascular endothelial cells secreted detectable plasmin reductase. In contrast, cultured bovine and rat vascular smooth muscle cells secreted small but reproducible levels of plasmin reductase. Reduction of the kringle 5 disulfide bonds triggered cleavage at either Arg529-Lys530 or two other positions C-terminal of Cys461 in kringle 5 by a serine proteinase. Plasmin autoproteolysis could account for the cleavage, although another proteinase was mostly responsible in HT1080 conditioned medium. Three serine proteinases with apparent Mr of 70, 50, and 39 were purified from HT1080 conditioned medium, one or more of which could contribute to proteolysis of reduced plasmin.
Biomineralization : Chemical and Biochemical Perspectives (1989)

The functional forms of biominerals, R.J.P.Williams crystallochemical strategies in biomineralization, S.Mann carbonate calcification in algae - initiation and control, M.A.Borowitzka matrix-crystal interactions in CaCO(3) Biomineralization, A.P.Wheeler and C.S.Sikes stereochemical and structural relations between macromolecules and crystals in biomineralization, L.Addidi and S.Weiner in vitro studies of calcium phosphate crystallization, G.H.Nancollas biochemical studies of vertyebrate tooth mineralization, A.Veis chemical studies of biogenic silica, C.C.Perry ferritin - function and structural design of an iron-storage protein, P.M.Harrison et al ferritin and hemosiderin - structural and magnetic studies of the iron core, T.G.St Pierre and J.Webb biomineralization of iron in molluscan teeth, J.Webb et al magnetite biomineralization in unicellular microorganisms, S.Mann and R.B.Frankel structural and analytical studies on metal ion-containing granules, M.G.Taylor and K.Simkiss proton beam analysis in studies of composite biominerals, J.Webb and C.C.Perry the importance of the study of biominerals to materials technology, J.D.Birchall.
Synthesis and characterization of surface-modified colloidal cadmium telluride quantum dots (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and characterization of surface-modified colloidal cadmium telluride quantum dotsTijana Rajh, Olga I. Micic, and Arthur J. NozikCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 46, 11999–12003Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/j100148a026RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views4737Altmetric-Citations324LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (633 KB) Get e-Alerts
Sepsis causes neuroinflammation and concomitant decrease of cerebral metabolism (2008)

Together, the present study highlights the complexity of sepsis induced early impairment of neuronal metabolism and activity. Since our model uses techniques that determine parameters relevant to the clinical setting, it might be a useful tool to develop brain specific therapeutic strategies for human septic encephalopathy.