gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prognosis of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (1989)

Information is incomplete about the rate of expansion of abdominal aortic aneurysms and the risk of rupture in relation to their size. To address these questions, we conducted a population-based study. Of the 370 residents of Rochester, Minn., with an aneurysm initially diagnosed from 1951 through 1984, 181 had the aneurysm documented by ultrasound examination. Among the 103 patients who underwent more than one ultrasound study, the diameter of the aneurysm increased by a median of 0.21 cm per year. Only 24 percent had a rate of expansion of 0.4 cm or more per year. Among the 176 patients who had an unruptured aneurysm at the time of the initial ultrasound study, the cumulative incidence of rupture was 6 percent after 5 years and 8 percent after 10 years. However, the risk of rupture over five years was 0 percent for the 130 patients with an aneurysm less than 5 cm in diameter and 25 percent for the 46 patients with an aneurysm 5 cm or more in diameter. All 16 patients who had ruptures had aneurysms that were 5 cm or more in diameter at the time of the rupture. These population-based data challenge the clinical perception that aneurysms typically expand at a rate of 0.4 to 0.5 cm per year. Our data also suggest that for aneurysms less than 5 cm in diameter the risk of rupture is considerably lower than has been reported previously. However, the risk of rupture is substantial for aneurysms 5 cm or more in diameter.
Pseudo-pacemaker syndrome in a young woman with first-degree atrio-ventricular block (2009)

First-degree atrio-ventricular (AV) block is defined as a PR interval longer than 200 ms. If too long, it can become clinically relevant and may mimic a pacemaker syndrome. We report the case of a young woman with a long PR interval, probably congenital, with episodes of syncope and dizziness since childhood. Pseudo-pacemaker syndrome is rare and is a Class IIa recommendation for a pacemaker implantation. A dual-chamber pacemaker was implanted and short AV delay was programmed, with rapid clinical improvement.
ATP synthase complex from bovine heart mitochondria. Subunit arrangement as revealed by nearest neighbor analysis and susceptibility to trypsin. (1990)

The nearest neighbor relationships of bovine mitochondrial H(+)-ATPase subunits were investigated by the chemical cross-linking approach using the homobifunctional cleavable reagents dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate) and disuccinimidyl tartrate. Cross-linked proteins were resolved by one- and two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Individual subunits were detected by silver staining or by Western blotting and staining with subunit-specific antisera. Products larger than 80,000 daltons were not analyzed. Interactions between F1 subunits included cross-links between gamma and delta as well as gamma and epsilon subunits. Among F0 subunit interactions were observed cross-links of (i) coupling factor 6 (F6) with 8-, 20-, and 24-kDa proteins, (ii) oligomycin sensitivity-conferring protein (OSCP) with 24-kDa protein, and (iii) 20-kDa protein with 24-kDa protein. In addition, several cross-links among subunits involving F1 and F0 sectors were detected. These included cross-links between F6 and alpha, F6 and gamma, OSCP and alpha/beta, and 24-kDa protein and alpha/beta. Thus, OSCP, F6, and the 24-kDa protein were found to form cross-links with both F1 and F0 subunits. The surface accessibility of F0 subunits was investigated by subjecting aliquots of F0 to trypsin treatment. Our data demonstrated that the rate of degradation was in the order OSCP greater than 24-kDa protein greater than or equal to F6 greater than subunit 6. The degradation of subunits of F0 was prevented in intact or reconstituted F1-F0. Based on our present and previously published observations, a model of H(+)-ATPase has been proposed wherein OSCP, F6, and the 24-kDa protein are placed in the stalk region and the alpha and beta subunits of F1-ATPase have been extended down to the membrane surface to enclose the stalk segment.
Plasmid-Driven Formation of Influenza Virus-Like Particles (2000)

We established a plasmid-based system for generating infectious influenza virus-like particles entirely from cloned cDNAs. Human embryonic kidney cells (293T) were transfected with plasmids encoding the influenza A virus structural proteins and with a plasmid encoding an influenza virus-like viral RNA (vRNA) which contained an antisense copy of the cDNA for green fluorescence protein (GFP) flanked by an RNA polymerase I promoter and terminator. Intracellular transcription of the latter construct by RNA polymerase I generated GFP vRNA that was packaged into influenza virus-like particles. This system, which produced more than 10(4) infectious particles per ml of supernatant, would be useful in studies of influenza virus replication and particle formation. It might also benefit efforts in vaccine production and in the development of improved gene therapy vectors.
Reaktionen mit Halogenwasserstoffaddukten der Nitrile, I. Eine neue Isochinolinsynthese (1969)

Abstract Die intramolekulare Acylierung von Halogenwasserstoffaddukten der 2‐Cyanmethyl‐benzoyl chloride ( 2 ) führt zu 3‐Halogen‐isochinolonen‐(1) ( 3 ).
Experimental Whooping Cough (1962)

MANY questions about the immunologic mechanism responsible for the permanence of immunity after an attack of whooping cough are still obscure, in spite of a large number of clinical and experimental studies. It was considered worthwhile, therefore, to reinvestigate the problem in animals under more uniform conditions. The following is a report on such studies in Taiwan monkeys in which paroxysmal cough developed after an inoculation of Haemophilus pertussis. Materials and MethodsThe animals used in the experiments were normal young Taiwan monkeys, Macaca cyclopsis, weighing from 550 to 1875 gm. All monkeys were kept under preliminary observation to . . .
Near-perfect-reconstruction pseudo-QMF banks (1994)

A novel approach to the design of M-channel pseudo-quadrature mirror filter (QMF) banks is presented. In this approach, the prototype filter is constrained to be a linear-phase spectral-factor of a 2Mth band filter. As a result, the overall transfer function of the analysis/synthesis system is a delay. Moreover, the aliasing cancellation (AC) constraint is derived such that all the significant aliasing terms are canceled. Consequently, the aliasing level at the output is comparable to the stopband attenuation of the prototype filter. In other words, the only error at the output of the analysis/synthesis system is the aliasing error which is at the level of stopband attenuation. Using this approach, it is possible to design a pseudo-QMF bank where the stopband attenuation of the analysis (and thus synthesis) filters is on the order of /spl minus/100 dB. Moreover, the resulting reconstruction error is also on the order of /spl minus/100 dB. Several examples are included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fibronectin and Its Fragments Increase With Degeneration in the Human Intervertebral Disc (2000)

Fibronectin is elevated in degenerated discs and frequently present as fragments. Elevated levels of fibronectin suggest that disc cells are responding to the altered environment. Fibronectin fragments resulting from normal or enhanced proteolytic activity could be a mechanism that induces the cell to degrade the matrix further.
Interactions, Structure, and Stability of Photoreactive Bolaform Amphiphile Multilayers (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInteractions, Structure, and Stability of Photoreactive Bolaform Amphiphile MultilayersGuangzhao Mao, Yi-hua Tsao, Matthew Tirrell, H. Ted Davis, Volker Hessel, and Helmut RingsdorfCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 3, 942–952Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00003a043https://doi.org/10.1021/la00003a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views193Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Human Papillomavirus Genotype 31 Does Not Express Detectable MicroRNA Levels during Latent or Productive Virus Replication (2006)

It has recently become clear that several pathogenic DNA viruses express virally encoded microRNAs in infected cells. In particular, numerous microRNAs have been identified in a range of human and animal herpesviruses, and individual microRNAs have also been identified in members of the polyoma- and adenovirus families. Although their functions remain largely unknown, it seems likely that these viral microRNAs play an important role in viral replication in vivo. Here we present an analysis of the microRNAs expressed in human cells during the latent and productive phases of the human papillomavirus genotype 31 (HPV31) replication cycle. Although over 500 cellular microRNAs were cloned and identified, not a single HPV31-specific microRNA was obtained. We therefore concluded that HPV31, and possibly human papillomaviruses in general, does not express viral microRNAs.
Genetic and morphological analysis of a maize-teosinte F2 population: implications for the origin of maize. (1990)

Genes controlling the dramatic morphological differences between maize and its presumed progenitor (teosinte) were investigated in a maize-teosinte F2 population through the use of molecular markers. Results indicate that the key traits differentiating maize and teosinte are each under multigenic control, although for some traits, such as the number of ranks of cupules, the data are consistent with a mode of inheritance that would involve a single major locus plus several modifiers. For other traits, such as the presence/absence of the pedicellate spikelet, the data indicate multigenic inheritance with no single locus having a dramatically larger effect than the others. Results also indicate that the tunicate locus (Tu) had no major role in the origin of maize, despite previous opinion that it was involved. The major loci affecting the morphological differences between maize and teosinte are located on the first four chromosomes. The data suggest that the differences between teosinte and maize involve, in part, developmental modifications that enable (i) primary lateral inflorescences, which are programmed to develop into tassels (male) in teosinte, to become ears (female) in maize, and (ii) the expression of male secondary sex traits on a female background in maize. Similar changes were likely involved in the origin of maize.
Dynamical system representation, generation, and recognition of basic oscillatory motion gestures (2002)

We present a system for generation and recognition of oscillatory gestures. Inspired by gestures used in two representative human-to-human control areas, we consider a set of oscillatory motions and refine from them a 24 gesture lexicon. Each gesture is modeled as a dynamical system with added geometric constraints to allow for real time gesture recognition using a small amount of processing time and memory. The gestures are used to control a pan-tilt camera neck. We propose extensions for use in areas such as mobile robot control and telerobotics.
Sequence organisation of the class II region of the human MHC (1999)

We present the genomic organisation of the extended class II region of the human MHC. This initial sequence, which is nearing completion, spans about 1.2 Mbp and is at present a composite of more than one haplotype. The sequencing of single haplotypes is planned for the future. The current sequence encompasses all of the known class II genes at the DP, DO, DM, DQ and DR loci as well as the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)/low molecular weight protein (LMP) antigen processing genes and the Tapasin locus, at the extended centromeric end.
Physical Characteristics of Vivostat<sup>®</sup> Patient-Derived Sealant (2001)

This study compared the physical characteristics of Vivostat patient-derived sealant with two conventional fibrin sealants, Tissucol and Beriplast. Vivostat sealant exhibited greater elasticity without compromising tensile strength. Vivostat sealant polymerised at low temperatures (4 and 25 degrees C) or at high temperature (70 degrees C) exhibited similar viscoelastic properties as when polymerised at normal physiological temperature (37 degrees C). Vivostat fibrin I solution can be stored at room temperature for up to 8 h without affecting the mechanical properties of the derived sealant. These physical characteristics of Vivostat patient-derived sealant suggest that it may have suitable stability and performance characteristics for use in a wide range of surgical procedures.
An engineered IN-1 Fab fragment with improved affinity for the Nogo-A axonal growth inhibitor permits immunochemical detection and shows enhanced neutralizing activity (2002)

The myelin axonal growth inhibitor NI-220/250 (Nogo-A) has attracted considerable attention in elucidating the mechanisms that account for the lack of plasticity in the adult central nervous system. The cognate monoclonal antibody IN-1, which was obtained prior to the molecular characterization of its Nogo-A antigen, has played a crucial role in this respect. However, this murine IgM/kappa antibody does not only provide an inappropriate format for in vivo studies, its low antigen affinity has also hampered the thorough structure-function analysis of its neutralizing effect toward the Nogo-A inhibitor on a molecular basis. We describe here the affinity maturation of a bacterially produced functional IN-1 F(ab) fragment via protein engineering. A soluble fragment of Nogo-A derived from the central exon 3 of its gene, which was prepared by secretion into the periplasm of Escherichia coli, served as a target in these experiments. After repeated cycles of site-directed random mutagenesis and screening, the mutant II.1.8 of the IN-1 F(ab) fragment was obtained, carrying five side chain substitutions within CDR-L3. Its dissociation constant for the complex with the recombinant Nogo-A fragment was determined in surface plasmon resonance measurements as approximately 1 microM. The affinity of the unmutated IN-1 F(ab) fragment was 8-fold lower. The engineered F(ab) fragment appeared to be well suited for the specific detection of Nogo-A in immunochemical assays and for the histochemical staining of myelin-rich tissue sections. Most importantly, its concentration-dependent neutralizing effect on the Nogo-A inhibitory activity was significantly enhanced in cell culture. This study confirms Nogo-A to be the antigen of the IN-1 antibody and it demonstrates increased potential of the engineered F(ab) fragment as a reagent for promoting axonal regeneration in vivo.
Derivation and characterization of putative pluripotential embryonic stem cells from preimplantation rabbit embryos (1993)

We have derived putative embryonic stem (ES) cell lines from preimplantation rabbit embryos and report here their initial characterization. Two principal cell types emerged following serial passage of explanted embryos, and each has subsequently given rise to immortalized cell lines. One cell type has morphology identical to primary outgrowths of trophectoderm, is strictly feeder-cell dependent, and spontaneously forms trophectodermal vesicles at high cell density. The second type appears to represent pluripotent ES cells derived from the inner cell mass as evidenced by 1) ability to grow in an undifferentiated state on feeder layers, 2) maintenance of a predominantly normal karyotype through serial passage (over 1 year), and 3) ability to form embryoid bodies, which form terminally differentiated cell types representative of ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. These ES cells may ultimately be suitable for introduction of germline mutations (via homologous recombination). The rabbit's size, reproductive capability, and well-characterized physiology make it suitable for a wide range of investigations, particularly for development of large animal models of human disease.
Strategies for Optimizing Adherence to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy: Lessons from Research and Clinical Practice (2001)

Successful treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) requires that patients maintain nearly perfect adherence to the prescribed regimen. Suboptimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy is clearly the most common cause of virologic failure of HAART regimens. Given the critical role of adherence in successful antiretroviral therapy, it is essential that providers of care for patients with HIV infection have a strategy that proactively assists and supports their patients' efforts to adhere to medication regimens. This review endeavors to provide a clinically focused approach to optimizing adherence of patients to HAART.
Evasion of innate immunity by vaccinia virus (2005)

Vaccinia virus, a member of the Poxviridae, expresses many proteins involved in immune evasion. In this review, we present a brief characterisation of the virus and its effects on host cells and discuss representative secreted and intracellular proteins expressed by vaccinia virus that are involved in modulation of innate immunity. These proteins target different aspects of the innate response by binding cytokines and interferons, inhibiting cytokine synthesis, opposing apoptosis or interfering with different signalling pathways, including those triggered by interferons and toll-like receptors.
Recording and processing aneurysmal vibration signals in dogs (1988)

A specially designed computerized acoustic aneurysm detection system has been developed and used for recording the acoustic signal produced by aneurysms in dogs. Two transducer types, a modified horn-coupled microphone and a microvascular intra-operative Doppler flowmeter have been used. The results show that the aneurysm signal is time-varying and that a stronger vibration signal can be obtained if a proximal stenosis presents. With direct contact recording, the acoustic signals from aneurysms and parent arteries show different characteristics that can be easily distinguished. The aneurysm signals are processed by spectrograms, and a smoothing technique for suppressing noise is introduced.
A Role for the Transmembrane Domain in the Trimerization of the MHC Class II-Associated Invariant Chain (1999)

MHC class II and invariant chain (Ii) associate early in biosynthesis to form a nonameric complex. Ii first assembles into a trimer and then associates with three class II alphabeta heterodimers. Although the membrane-proximal region of the Ii luminal domain is structurally disordered, the C-terminal segment of the luminal domain is largely alpha-helical and contains a major interaction site for the Ii trimer. In this study, we show that the Ii transmembrane domain plays an important role in the formation of Ii trimers. The Ii transmembrane domain contains an unusual patch of hydrophilic residues near the luminal interface. Substitution of these polar residues with nonpolar amino acids resulted in a decrease in the efficiency of Ii trimerization and subsequent class II association. Moreover, N-terminal fragments of Ii were found to trimerize independently of the luminal alpha-helical domain. Progressive C-terminal truncations mapped a homotypic association site to the first 80 aa of Ii. Together, these results implicate the Ii transmembrane domain as a site of trimer interaction that can play an important role in the initiation of trimer formation.
Recombinant Respiratory Syncytial Virus with the G and F Genes Shifted to the Promoter-Proximal Positions (2002)

The genome of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) encodes 10 mRNAs and 11 proteins in the order 3'-NS1-NS2-N-P-M-SH-G-F-M2-1/M2-2-L-5'. The G and F glycoproteins are the major RSV neutralization and protective antigens. It seems likely that a high level of expression of G and F would be desirable for a live RSV vaccine. For mononegaviruses, the gene order is a major factor controlling the level of mRNA and protein expression due to the polar gradient of sequential transcription. In order to increase the expression of G and F, recombinant RSVs based on strain A2 were constructed in which the G or F gene was shifted from the sixth or seventh position (in a genome lacking the SH gene), respectively, to the first position (rRSV-G1/DeltaSH and rRSV-F1/DeltaSH, respectively). Another virus was made in which G and F were shifted together to the first and second positions, respectively (rRSV-G1F2/DeltaSH). Shifting one or two genes to the promoter-proximal position resulted in increased mRNA and protein expression of the shifted genes, with G and F expression increased up to 2.4-and 7.8-fold, respectively, at the mRNA level and approximately 2.5-fold at the protein level, compared to the parental virus. Interestingly, the transcription of downstream genes was not greatly affected even though shifting G or F, or G and F together, had the consequence of moving the block of genes NS1-NS2-N-P-M-(G) one or two positions further from the promoter. The efficiency of replication of the gene shift viruses in vitro was increased up to 10-fold. However, their efficiency of replication in the lower respiratory tracts of mice was statistically indistinguishable from that of the parental virus. In the upper respiratory tract, replication was slightly reduced on some days for viruses in which G was in the first position. The magnitude of the G-specific antibody response to the gene shift viruses was similar to that to the parental virus, whereas the F-specific response was increased up to fourfold, although this was not reflected in an increase of the neutralizing activity. Thus, shifting the G and F genes to the promoter-proximal position increased virus replication in vitro, had little effect on replication in the mouse, and increased the antigen-specific immunogenicity of the virus beyond that of parental RSV.
Preclinical Activity Profile and Therapeutic Efficacy of the HSP90 Inhibitor Ganetespib in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2013)

The preclinical activity profile and clinical evidence of tumor regression suggest that ganetespib offers considerable promise as a new therapeutic candidate to target TNBC.
A Gray Zone Assigned to Inconclusive Results of Quantitative Diagnostic Tests: Application to the Use of Brain Natriuretic Peptide for Diagnosis of Heart Failure in Acute Dyspneic Patients (2006)

The gray zone approach applied to the diagnosis of heart failure by BNP might allow sensible cutoff values to be determined for clinical practice according to relevant subgroups of patients. The gray zone approach might be usefully applied to many other quantitative tests and clinical diagnostic or screening problems.