gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Classification of the cardiomyopathies: a position statement from the european society of cardiology working group on myocardial and pericardial diseases (2007)

In biology, classification systems are used to promote understanding and systematic discussion through the use of logical groups and hierarchies. In clinical medicine, similar principles are used to standardise the nomenclature of disease. For more than three decades, heart muscle diseases have been classified into primary or idiopathic myocardial diseases (cardiomyopathies) and secondary disorders that have similar morphological appearances, but which are caused by an identifiable pathology such as coronary artery disease or myocardial infiltration (specific heart muscle diseases). In this document, The European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases presents an update of the existing classification scheme. The aim is to help clinicians look beyond generic diagnostic labels in order to reach more specific diagnoses.
Hierarchical Role of Fetuin-A and Acidic Serum Proteins in the Formation and Stabilization of Calcium Phosphate Particles (2008)

The serum protein fetuin-A is a potent systemic inhibitor of soft tissue calcification. Fetuin-A is highly effective in the formation and stabilization of protein-mineral colloids, referred to as calciprotein particles (CPPs). These particles ripen in vitro in a two-step process, indicated by a morphological conversion from spheres to larger prolate ellipsoids. Using a combined light scattering and electron microscopic imaging approach we determined that the second-stage particles resulted from a highly anisotropic outgrowth of the first-stage particles. Electron microscopy of ascites fluid from a patient with calcifying peritonitis revealed particles reminiscent of secondary CPPs. Thus, CPPs form in the body and undergo the two-step ripening at least in pathological conditions. Unlike in vitro generated CPPs, ascites-derived CPPs contained little fetuin-A but large amounts of albumin. This prompted us to study the role of fetuin-A combined with other serum proteins in CPP formation. Fetuin-A was indispensable for primary CPP formation. Albumin and acidic proteins in general greatly enhanced the fetuin-A triggered formation of secondary CPPs and, thus, substituted substantial amounts of fetuin-A without loss of inhibition of calcium phosphate precipitation. Thus, direct mineral deposition from solute in the body is unlikely even at low fetuin-A serum levels as long as sufficient bulk acidic protein is available. Collectively fetuin-A and other acidic bulk plasma proteins may be considered as mineral chaperones mediating the stabilization, safe transport, and clearance in the body of calcium and phosphate as colloidal complexes, thus, preventing ectopic calcification.
MR imaging: clinical use of the inversion recovery sequence. (1985)

The properties of the inversion recovery (IR) sequence are considered and its use in clinical practice is illustrated. The effect of changing repetition time, inversion time (TI), and echo time; the method of data encoding; the type of data collection; and the method of image processing are analysed. Normal appearances and clinical examples in the central nervous system and the remainder of the body are used to illustrate the many options available with this sequence. The short TI IR sequence has advantages in magnetic resonance imaging of the body, and medium TI sequences are of value in localisation in the brain and in demonstrating contrast enhancement. Long TI sequences can be used in pediatrics and for separating tumour and oedema. Suppression or partial suppression of fat and fluid signals are two useful options with IR sequences.
A method for the assay of penicillin (1944)

Research Article| January 01 1944 A method for the assay of penicillin N. G. Heatley N. G. Heatley 1Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1944) 38 (1): 61–65. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0380061 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation N. G. Heatley; A method for the assay of penicillin. Biochem J 1 January 1944; 38 (1): 61–65. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0380061 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1944 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1944 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Tilted $c$-Axis Thin-Film Bulk Wave Resonant Pressure Sensors With Improved Sensitivity (2012)

Aluminum nitride thin-film bulk wave resonant pressure sensors employing <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</i> - and tilted <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</i> -axis texture, have been fabricated and tested for their pressure sensitivities. The <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</i> -axis tilted film bulk acoustic resonators pressure sensors demonstrate substantially higher-pressure sensitivity compared to its <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</i> -axis oriented counterpart. More specifically, the thickness plate quasi-shear resonance has demonstrated the highest pressure sensitivity while further being able to preserve its performance in liquid environment.
Regulation of competence for genetic transformation in Streptococcus pneumoniae by an auto‐induced peptide pheromone and a two‐component regulatory system (1996)

The regulation of competence for genetic transformation in Streptococcus pneumoniae depends on a quorum-sensing system, but the only molecular elements of the system whose specific role have been identified are an extracellular peptide signal and an ABC-transporter required for its export. Here we show that transcription of comC, the gene encoding a predicted 41-residue precursor peptide that is thought to be processed and secreted as the 17-residue mature competence activator, increased approximately 40-fold above its basal level of expression in response to exogenous synthetic activator, consistent with earlier experiments indicating that the activator acts autocatalytically. We also describe two new genes, comD and comE, that encode members of histidine protein kinase and response-regulator families and are linked to comC. Disruption of comE abolished both response to synthetic activator peptide and endogenous competence induction.
Domain Interaction Between NMDA Receptor Subunits and the Postsynaptic Density Protein PSD-95 (1995)

The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subserves synaptic glutamate-induced transmission and plasticity in central neurons. The yeast two-hybrid system was used to show that the cytoplasmic tails of NMDA receptor subunits interact with a prominent postsynaptic density protein PSD-95. The second PDZ domain in PSD-95 binds to the seven-amino acid, COOH-terminal domain containing the terminal tSXV motif (where S is serine, X is any amino acid, and V is valine) common to NR2 subunits and certain NR1 splice forms. Transcripts encoding PSD-95 are expressed in a pattern similar to that of NMDA receptors, and the NR2B subunit co-localizes with PSD-95 in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. The interaction of these proteins may affect the plasticity of excitatory synapses.
Cloning of a novel receptor expressed in rat prostate and ovary. (1996)

We have cloned a novel member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. The cDNA of clone 29 was isolated from a rat prostate cDNA library and it encodes a protein of 485 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight of 54.2 kDa. Clone 29 protein is unique in that it is highly homologous to the rat estrogen receptor (ER) protein, particularly in the DNA-binding domain (95%) and in the C-terminal ligand-binding domain (55%). Expression of clone 29 in rat tissues was investigated by in situ hybridization and prominent expression was found in prostate and ovary. In the prostate clone 29 is expressed in the epithelial cells of the secretory alveoli, whereas in the ovary the granuloma cells in primary, secondary, and mature follicles showed expression of clone 29. Saturation ligand-binding analysis of in vitro synthesized clone 29 protein revealed a single binding component for 17beta-estradiol (E2) with high affinity (Kd= 0.6 nM). In ligand-competition experiments the binding affinity decreased in the order E2 > diethylstilbestrol > estriol > estrone > 5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol >> testosterone = progesterone = corticosterone = 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol. In cotransfection experiments of Chinese hamster ovary cells with a clone 29 expression vector and an estrogen-regulated reporter gene, maximal stimulation (about 3-fold) of reporter gene activity was found during incubation with 10 nM of E2. Neither progesterone, testosterone, dexamethasone, thyroid hormone, all-trans-retinoic acid, nor 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,I7beta-diol could stimulate reporter gene activity, whereas estrone and 5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol did. We conclude that clone 29 cDNA encodes a novel rat ER, which we suggest be named rat ERbeta to distinguish it from the previously cloned ER (ERalpha) from rat uterus.
Qantifying The Impact of Electric Vehicles On The Electric Grid (2017)

As the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) increases, it is important to reliably characterize their recharging load on the electrical grid. Because the last-mile of the electrical grid was never envisioned for EV usage, we need to identify and localize demand-side hot spots due to EV charging. Also, it would be worthwhile to see how the EVs can be utilized for the benefit of the grid on activities such as peak reduction and ability to sustain local micro-grids. Quantifying the impacts of EVs on the grid requires an understanding of the spatio-temporal distribution of EVs in a city and the consumption patterns of the EV batteries. These, in turn, depend on the traffic load on the transport grid. In this paper, we attempt to understand these impacts of EV by creating a model of a popular EV (Tesla Model S) and integrating it with SUMO, a broad-based micro traffic simulator. Using this setup, we obtain the EV load on the distribution side of an electrical grid for a real-world traffic pattern dataset from the city of Luxembourg. We find that: (i) The city's aggregate peak demand can be managed within existing levels even when 25% of vehicles become electric. (ii) However, EV charging does overwhelm the distribution network creating hot spots and these hot spots can be clustered together spatially necessitating additional upstream investments. (iii) When EVs feed power back to the grid, simple algorithms can achieve reasonable aggregate peak shaving (≈7%) under low EV penetration levels. For higher EV penetration levels, sophisticated EV coordination algorithms are needed. (iv) Under a penetration level of 25%, EVs can potentially sustain micro-grids that serve the entire base load of 13% of the population for a duration of up to 30 minutes.
Towards molecular farming in the future: Pichia pastoris‐based production of single‐chain antibody fragments (1999)

This review article focuses on the use of the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris as a recombinant protein-expression system. P. pastoris is a useful system for the expression of milligram-to-gram quantities of a protein, which can be scaled up to fermentation to meet greater demands. Compared with mammalian cells, Pichia do not require a complex growth medium or culture conditions, they are as easy to manipulate genetically as Escherichia coli and have a eukaryotic protein-synthesis pathway. They seem suited to laboratory-scale production of recombinant proteins for in-house use or, in some cases, molecular farming of recombinant products. This review article focuses on the use of P. pastoris, describes a fermentation production run of a single-chain antibody fragment and includes a discussion of fermentation as a production strategy.
Evaluation of 600 V cascode GaN HEMT in device characterization and all-GaN-based LLC resonant converter (2013)

In recent years, Si power MOSFET is approaching its performance limits, and Gallium Nitride (GaN) HEMT is getting mature. This paper evaluates the 600 V cascode GaN HEMT performance, and compares it with the state-of-the-art Si CoolMOS in LLC resonant converter. First, the static characterization of 600 V cascode GaN HEMT is described in different temperatures. The switching performance is tested by a double pulse tester to provide the turn-off loss reference to the design of LLC resonant converter. Second, a 400 V-12 V/300 W/1 MHz all-GaN-based converter with the 600 V cascode GaN HEMT is compared with a Si-based converter with the 600 V Si CoolMOS. The device output capacitance is a key factor in the design and loss analysis of LLC resonant converter. The design results show that the total GaN device loss of the all-GaN-based converter can be improved by 42% compared with the total Si device loss. Finally, both 400 V-12 V/300 W/1 MHz Si-based and GaN-based LLC resonant converter prototypes are tested and compared with waveforms and efficiency curves.
[The identification of BmNPV gp64 envelope gene]. (2000)

gp64 glycoprotein, an abundant and the only membrane glycoprotein encoded by the baculovirus genome, contains a signal peptide sequence at N-terminus, a transmembrane anchor at c-terminus and a ectodomain between them. The efficient signal sequences and the transmembrane anchor sequences of AcMNPV gp64 gene have been exploited in baculovirus expression system. Using 1.3 kb AcMNPV gp64 gene coding sequence as the probe, the nucleotide sequence of BmNPV gp64 gene was determined, and a 1530 nucleotide open reading frame flanked by an AT-rich sequence was identified that could encode a polypeptide with 509 amino acid residues. Computer analysis indicated BmNPV gp64 gene is 84.3% identical to AcMNPV at the level of nucleotide sequence and 94.7% identical at the level of predicted amino acid sequence.
Development of recombinant Salmonellae expressing hybrid hepatitis B virus core particles as candidate oral vaccines. (1994)

This paper provides a review on the development of hepatitis core antigen as a vaccine carrier moiety and the use of recombinant Salmonella vaccine strains expressing hybrid HBcAg particles as live oral vaccines. Salmonella spp. can be attenuated by defined genetic means so that they become avirulent, yet preserve invasiveness after oral uptake. Oral immunization of mice with such avirulent candidate Salmonella typhimurium vaccine strains elicited serum antibody responses against a limited number of bacterial antigens. A highly immunogenic viral nucleocapsid antigen, hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) that can be expressed in prokaryotes was used as a carrier moiety for B-cell epitopes. Insertion sites with an enhanced immunogenicity for the carried epitopes were defined using HBV envelope protein virus neutralizing epitopes. An internal insertion site in HBcAg was found that drastically enhanced the immunogenicity of the foreign (pre-S1) epitope while reducing the immunogenicity of the carrier protein. Internally fused HBc/pre-S hybrid particles were expressed in Salmonella typhimurium and S. typhi vaccine strains. A single oral immunization of mice with such live recombinant S. typhimurium strains elicited a high titred serum anti-pre-S1 IgG response. Similarly, circumsporozoite repeat epitopes of three different malaria parasites were expressed as HBcAg/CS hybrids in recombinant S. spp. and were found to be highly immunogenic.
In situ retrieval and correction of aberrations in moldless lenses using Fourier ptychography (2018)

Liquid droplets cured at low temperatures or using ultraviolet light are primary approaches for fabricating refractive lenses without molds. Until now the performance of moldless lens fabrication process relied heavily on this step to precisely control the shape of each liquid droplet. Hence, a major hurdle in lenses fabricated from liquid droplets is the large variability of droplet shapes because they are sensitive to small amounts of interfacial forces. The shape of the final droplet critically affects the imaging performance of the lenses and cannot be reversed easily. Here, we aim to overcome this hurdle by performing in situ aberration correction using Fourier ptychography techniques. We demonstrate, for the first time, that computational optics can reverse high amounts of optical aberrations in moldless lenses and achieve high resolution imaging. In terms of imaging resolution, we successfully increased the resolving power of low powered moldless elastomer lenses by almost three-fold, from a numerical aperture of 0.035 to 0.099. The computational approach directly elucidates the spatially varying wavefront aberrations from each lens using the same imaging system. This provides direct feedback of droplet lens fabrication techniques without the need for advanced wavefront correction methods. The application of computational imaging onto moldless lenses, using consumer digital imaging systems, lends itself to the global efforts in decentralising high resolution image intensive scientific tools to the wider community.
Splitting Algorithms for the Sum of Two Nonlinear Operators (1979)

Splitting algorithms for the sum of two monotone operators. We study two splitting algorithms for (stationary and evolution) problems involving the sum of two monotone operators. These algorithms are well known in the linear case and are here extended to the case of multivalued monotone operators. We prove the convergence of these algorithms, we give some applications to the obstacle problem and to minimization problems; and finally we present numerical computations comparing these algorithms to some other classical methods.
Conceptually new deltanoids (vitamin D analogs) inhibit multistage skin tumorigenesis (2000)

Development of vitamin D analogs (deltanoids) as chemopreventive agents requires separation of desirable antiproliferative and pro-differentiating activities from the undesirable calcemic activity also found in the hormone calcitriol (1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)). Therefore, several conceptually new deltanoids were synthesized with modifications to the 1alpha- and/or 25-hydroxyl groups, positions traditionally considered essential for stimulating biological responses. In this study, 1 beta-hydroxymethyl-3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D(3), a non-calcemic CH(2) homolog of the natural hormone with antiproliferative activity in vitro, was ineffective as an inhibitor of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity in mouse epidermis. However, a hybrid analog incorporating not only the calcemia-ablating 1 beta-hydroxymethyl alteration, but potentiating C,D ring 16-unsaturation and side chain 24,24-fluorination and 26, 27-homologation was found to be as effective as calcitriol. Several non-calcemic 24- or 25-t-butyl sulfones, some containing side chain fluorination but all lacking the 25-hydroxyl group, were also shown to be active in this assay. Three sulfones and the 1 beta-hydroxymethyl hybrid were evaluated as inhibitors of multistage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. Female CD-1 mice were initiated with a single dose of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and then promoted twice weekly for 20 weeks with TPA. Deltanoids were applied topically 30 min before TPA. Unlike calcitriol, none of the atypical deltanoids affected body weight gain in these animals. Minimal effects on urinary calcium excretion were observed following chronic treatment with these analogs. All deltanoids inhibited the incidence and multiplicity of papilloma formation, with the hybrid analog showing the greatest efficacy. With this deltanoid, tumor incidence was significantly reduced by 28% and tumor multiplicity by 63%. These results, coupled with the rich chemical diversity available in side chain sulfur-containing deltanoids, particularly when combined with A ring modifications such as 1 beta-hydroxylalkyl groups, provide important new advances in the fundamental understanding of chemical structure-biological activity relationships as well as more potent and safe vitamin D analogs for cancer chemoprevention and other medicinal uses.
Grafted neural progenitors migrate and form neurons after experimental traumatic brain injury (2009)

Transplantation to the lateral ventricle, presumably for being a neurogenic region, provides a favorable environment improving the outcome for grafted NSPC both in term of their appearance at the cortical site of injury, and their acquisition of neural markers.
Primary Structure of Lep D I, the Main Lepidoglyphus Destructor Allergen (1994)

The most relevant allergen of the storage mite Lepidoglyphus destructor (Lep d I) has been characterized. Lep d I is a monomer protein of 13273 Da. The primary structure of Lep d I was determined by N-terminal Edman degradation and partially confirmed by cDNA sequencing. Sequence polymorphism was observed at six positions, with non-conservative substitutions in three of them. No potential N-glycosylation site was revealed by peptide sequencing. The 125-residue sequence of Lep d I shows approximately 40% identity (including the six cysteines) with the overlapping regions of group II allergens from the genus Dermatophagoides, which, however, do not share common allergenic epitopes with Lep d I.
Sophisticated speech processing middleware on microprocessor (1999)

This paper describes speech processing middleware which has been developed on RISC microprocessors for embedded speech applications. This middleware consists of a speech recognition module and a speech synthesis module, and especially the speech recognition middleware has advantages of robustness for environmental noise and speaker differences. The speech middleware provides sophisticated user interfaces to multimedia systems using microprocessors as CPUs, such as car navigation systems, mobile information equipment, and game machines.
Production of Free Light Chains of Immunoglobulin by a Hematopoietic Cell Line Derived from a Patient with Multiple Myeloma. (1967)

SummaryA cell line derived from a myeloma patient was found to produce only λ−type light chains of immunoglobulin which were secreted into the culture medium. There appears to be no formation of γ−, α−, or μ−heavy chains or of intact immunoglobulins. The light chains produced gave a reaction of identity with the Bence-Jones protein of the original patient's urine upon immunodiffusion and showed a similar molecular size upon gel filtration. The cells produced about 15 μg λ−chain per day per 106 cells (45 × 107 chain molecules per day per cell) under the culture conditions used.