gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A combined SLM and closed-loop QO-STBC for PAPR mitigation in MIMO-OFDM transmission (2008)

A closed-loop quasi-orthogonal space time block coding scheme developed by Toker, Lambothoran and Chambers has much attraction due to its full diversity and full rate. This scheme exploits feedback from the receiver to the transmitter and rotation of certain antenna transmitted symbols by a particular phase value to achieve an effectively orthogonal code matrix. This technique however ignores the effect of increased peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) introduced by the phase rotations, and the associated demands on the range of linearity of transmission power amplifiers. This work focuses on jointly achieving full diversity and full rate whilst minimizing PAPR. Two symbols within an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) frame are therefore either used for transmitting selected mapping side information or for PAPR mitigation thereby retaining the diversity gain of the multiple antennas whilst being able to perform the PAPR mitigation. For an OFDM system with 128 subcarriers and QPSK data symbols, the new scheme shows that the multiple antenna PAPR can be effectively reduced.
Inverse Problem Theory and Methods for Model Parameter Estimation (2005)

1. The general discrete inverse problem 2. Monte Carol methods 3. The least-squares criterion 4. Least-absolute values criterion and minimax criterion 5. Functional inverse problems 6. Appendices 7. Problems References Index.
Fast contact force computation for nonpenetrating rigid bodies (1994)

A new algorithm for computing contact forces between solid objects with friction is presented. The algorithm allows a mix of contact points with static and dynamic friction. In contrast to previous approaches, the problem of computing contact forces is not transformed into an optimization problem. Because of this, the need for sophisticated optimization software packages is eliminated. For both systems with and without friction, the algorithm has proven to be considerably faster, simple, and more reliable than previous approaches to the problem. In particular, implementation of the algorithm by nonspecialists in numerical programming is quite feasible.
An indispensable role of type-1 IFNs for inducing CTL-mediated complete eradication of established tumor tissue by CpG-liposome co-encapsulated with model tumor antigen (2006)

We have evaluated the capacity of a novel, nanoparticle-based tumor vaccine to eradicate established tumors in mice. C57BL/6 mice were intradermally (i.d.) inoculated with ovalbumin (OVA)-expressing EG-7 tumor cells. When the tumor size reached 7-8 mm, the tumor-bearing mice were i.d. injected near the tumor-draining lymph node (DLN) with liposomes encapsulated with unmethylated cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) (CpG-liposomes) co-encapsulated with OVA. This vaccination protocol markedly prevented the growth of the established tumor mass and approximately 50% of tumor-bearing mice became completely cured. Tumor eradication correlated with the generation of OVA/H-2K(b)-tetramer(+) CTLs in the tumor DLN and at the tumor site with specific cytotoxicity toward EG-7 cells. Interestingly, tetramer(+) CTLs failed to be induced in lymph node-deficient Aly/Aly mice. Thus, tetramer(+) CTLs appeared to be generated in the tumor DLN and subsequently migrated into the tumor site. In vivo antibody blocking experiments revealed that CD8(+) T cells, but not CD4(+) T, NK or NKT cells, were the major effector cells mediating tumor eradication. CTL induction was also inhibited when vaccinated tumor-bearing mice were treated with both anti-IFN-alpha and anti-IFN-beta mAbs but not with anti-IFN-alpha or anti-IFN-beta mAb alone. Neither IFN-gamma(-/-) nor IL-12(-/-) mice showed impaired induction of tetramer(+) CTLs. Thus, these findings revealed that CpG-ODN-induced IFN-alpha/beta, but not IL-12 or IFN-gamma, is critical for the generation of tumor-specific CTLs in response to vaccination. These results highlight the potential utility of CpG-liposomes co-encapsulated with protein tumor antigens as therapeutic vaccines in cancer patients.
A New Theory of Broad-band Matching (1964)

This paper solves the problem of designing an optimum, passive, reactive two-port equalizer to match out a dissipative frequency sensitive load to a resistive generator. The method is simple and elementary and completely avoids any recourse to the Darlington equivalent of the load. Moreover the technique is also applicable to the design of active equalizers.
Loss of structure in freeze‐dried carbohydrates solutions: Effect of temperature, moisture content and composition (1976)

Abstract During processing and storage, dehydrated food materials are subject to changes in their structure. Terms used to describe these changes, which are due to the same basic phenomena, vary from process to process. Thus, during freeze‐drying, loss of structure is called “collapse”, while during storage, phenomena related to viscous flow of the dried powder matrix are termed “stickiness”. This loss of initial structure often results in the loss of desirable product qualities, though in some cases controlled manipulation of these changes is used to produce improved products. In freeze‐drying, collapse of capillaries in the dry layer results in puffing and loss of desirable structure. In dehydrated powders “stickiness” leading to caking and other defects is also a result of collapse phenomena. The collapse temperature of freeze‐dried orange juice and carbohydrate solutions was investigated as a function of moisture content and sample composition. It was observed that collapse temperatures decreased as the sample moisture content increased. Mixtures of materials collapsed at a temperature intermediate to that of the individual components. The consequences of these observations to a number of food processes are discussed.
JAKS AND STATS: Biological Implications (1998)

Cytokines and interferons are molecules that play central roles in the regulation of a wide array of cellular functions in the lympho-hematopoietic system. These factors stimulate proliferation, differentiation, and survival signals, as well as specialized functions in host resistance to pathogens. Although cytokines are known to activate multiple signaling pathways that together mediate these important functions, one of these pathways, the Jak-STAT pathway, is the focus of this chapter. This pathway is triggered by both cytokines and interferons, and it very rapidly allows the transduction of an extracellular signal into the nucleus. The pathway uses a novel mechanism in which cytosolic latent transcription factors, known as signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs), are tyrosine phosphorylated by Janus family tyrosine kinases (Jaks), allowing STAT protein dimerization and nuclear translocation. STATs then can modulate the expression of target genes. The basic biology of this system, including the range of known Jaks and STATs, is discussed, as are the defects in animals and humans lacking some of these signaling molecules.
Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Factor IX Gene Therapy in Hemophilia B (2014)

In 10 patients with severe hemophilia B, the infusion of a single dose of AAV8 vector resulted in long-term therapeutic factor IX expression associated with clinical improvement. With a follow-up period of up to 3 years, no late toxic effects from the therapy were reported. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00979238.).
Noninvasive Assessment of Angiogenesis by Ultrasound and Microbubbles Targeted to α v -Integrins (2003)

CEU with microbubbles targeted for alpha(v)-integrins may provide a noninvasive method for assessing therapeutic angiogenesis.
Roles of Vascular Oxidative Stress and Nitric Oxide in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis (2017)

Major reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing systems in vascular wall include NADPH (reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase, xanthine oxidase, the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase. ROS at moderate concentrations have important signaling roles under physiological conditions. Excessive or sustained ROS production, however, when exceeding the available antioxidant defense systems, leads to oxidative stress. Animal studies have provided compelling evidence demonstrating the roles of vascular oxidative stress and NO in atherosclerosis. All established cardiovascular risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking enhance ROS generation and decrease endothelial NO production. Key molecular events in atherogenesis such as oxidative modification of lipoproteins and phospholipids, endothelial cell activation, and macrophage infiltration/activation are facilitated by vascular oxidative stress and inhibited by endothelial NO. Atherosclerosis develops preferentially in vascular regions with disturbed blood flow (arches, branches, and bifurcations). The fact that these sites are associated with enhanced oxidative stress and reduced endothelial NO production is a further indication for the roles of ROS and NO in atherosclerosis. Therefore, prevention of vascular oxidative stress and improvement of endothelial NO production represent reasonable therapeutic strategies in addition to the treatment of established risk factors (hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus).
Quantification of Plasmid DNA Expression in Vivo (1998)

Gene therapy can be generally defined as the delivery of polynucleotides into specific cells for the benefit of the organism. The aim of delivery is to target functional polynucleotides to specific tissues or cells. The polynucleotides may be DNA or RNA, sense or antisense, single-, double-, or triple stranded, and can be packaged within viral vectors, formulated together with protein, lipid, carbohydrate, or synthetic molecules, or administered in purified form. Potential benefits of gene therapy include the generation of immune responses against infectious pathogens or cancer cells, production of therapeutic proteins, and correction of defective or deficient gene expression.
Müllerian Inhibiting Substance Inhibits Ovarian Cell Growth through an Rb-independent Mechanism (2000)

Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS), a transforming growth factor-beta family member, causes regression of the Müllerian duct in male embryos. MIS overexpression in transgenic mice ablates the ovary, and MIS inhibits the growth of ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro, suggesting a key role for this hormone in postnatal development of the ovary. This report describes a mechanism for MIS-mediated growth inhibition in both a human epithelial ovarian cancer cell line and a cell line derived from normal ovarian surface epithelium, which is the origin of human epithelial ovarian cancers. MIS-treated cells accumulated in the G(1) phase of the cell cycle and subsequently underwent apoptosis. MIS up-regulated the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16 through an MIS type II receptor-mediated mechanism and inhibited growth in the absence of detectable or inactive Rb protein. Prolonged treatment with MIS down-regulated the Rb-related protein p130 and increased the Rb family-regulated transcription factor E2F1, overexpression of which inhibited growth. These findings demonstrate that p16 is required for MIS-mediated growth inhibition in ovarian epithelial cells and tumor cells and suggest that up-regulation of E2F1 also plays a role in this process.
Origin of electric-field-induced modification of magnetocrystalline anisotropy at Fe(001) surfaces: Mechanism of dipole formation from first principles (2009)

First-principles full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave studies reveal that a surface magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) modification by an external electric field arises from a dipole formation mechanism. The precise calculations demonstrate that the formation of dipoles on Fe(001) surface atoms, which counteract the electric-field-induced charge in the vacuum region, changes the surface states around the Fermi level in the minority-spin $d$ bands, and yields a modification of the surface MCA. These findings greatly advance our understanding of the electric-field-induced MCA modifications in itinerant ferromagnetic surfaces.
Meiotic Transmission Rates Correlate With Physical Features of Rearranged Centromeres in Maize (1998)

The centromere of the maize B chromosome was used as a model to study the physical features of a functional centromere. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was previously used to determine the organization of a repetitive sequence (referred to as the B-specific repeat) localized in the centromeric region of the maize B chromosome. The centromere is composed mostly of this repeat. In this report, a collection of 25 B chromosome derivatives that suffered from misdivision of the centromere was examined for the content and organization of the B repeat. Meiotic transmission of these derivatives was also determined and compared with rearrangements within the centromere. This analysis revealed that there is a strong correlation between the size of the centromere and meiotic transmission. In addition, the loss of a particular PmeI fragment of 370 kb considerably reduced meiotic transmission. This sequence contains a 55-kb EcoRI fragment that is also present in all but four derivatives. Because the centromere of the maize B chromosome can be divided by successive misdivisions to derivatives with centromeres of <300 kb, it should be possible for artificial chromosomes to be produced in maize.
The combined status of ATM and p53 link tumor development with therapeutic response (2009)

While the contribution of specific tumor suppressor networks to cancer development has been the subject of considerable recent study, it remains unclear how alterations in these networks are integrated to influence the response of tumors to anti-cancer treatments. Here, we show that mechanisms commonly used by tumors to bypass early neoplastic checkpoints ultimately determine chemotherapeutic response and generate tumor-specific vulnerabilities that can be exploited with targeted therapies. Specifically, evaluation of the combined status of ATM and p53, two commonly mutated tumor suppressor genes, can help to predict the clinical response to genotoxic chemotherapies. We show that in p53-deficient settings, suppression of ATM dramatically sensitizes tumors to DNA-damaging chemotherapy, whereas, conversely, in the presence of functional p53, suppression of ATM or its downstream target Chk2 actually protects tumors from being killed by genotoxic agents. Furthermore, ATM-deficient cancer cells display strong nononcogene addiction to DNA-PKcs for survival after DNA damage, such that suppression of DNA-PKcs in vivo resensitizes inherently chemoresistant ATM-deficient tumors to genotoxic chemotherapy. Thus, the specific set of alterations induced during tumor development plays a dominant role in determining both the tumor response to conventional chemotherapy and specific susceptibilities to targeted therapies in a given malignancy.
Refractive error in cataract surgery after previous refractive surgery (2000)

Bilateral cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation was performed in a patient after previous photorefractive keratectomy, radial keratotomy (RK) combined with astigmatic keratotomy, and retreatment of RK. Significant hyperopic error was observed after cataract surgery, and the IOLs were eventually exchanged in both eyes. A review of this case found that the refractive error was smaller when a refraction-derived keratometric value was selected for IOL power calculation. Nevertheless, hyperopic error still occurred.
Measurement of the Electrical Bio-Impedance of Breast Tumors (1990)

A new impedance analytical system was developed, and measurements were performed over a frequency range of 0-200 kHz by the three-electrode method. The three electrodes consist of a coaxial needle electrode inserted into the tumor and a large reference electrode on the upper abdominal wall. The electrical bio-impedance was measured in 54 patients with breast tumors. The biological tissue can be regarded electrically as an equivalent consisting of extracellular resistance (Re), intracellular resistance (Ri), and electrical capacitance of the cell membrane (Cm). These three parameters were calculated from the measured values of electrical bio-impedance by the curve-fitting technique using a computer program. It was found that Re and Ri of breast cancers were significantly higher than those of benign tumors (p less than 0.01), and that Cm of breast cancers was significantly lower than that of benign tumors (p less than 0.01). Measurement of the electrical bio-impedance of breast tumors may have value in the differential diagnosis of breast lesions.
The role of the hydroxy amino acid in the triplet sequence Asn-Xaa-Thr(Ser) for the N-glycosylation step during glycoprotein biosynthesis (1981)

The catalytical role of the hydroxy amino acid in the "marker sequence" Asn-Xaa-Thr(Ser) for the N-glycosylation step of glycoprotein formation was investigated by using a series of hexapeptides derived from Tyr-Asn-Gly-Xaa-Ser-Val by substituting threonine, serine, cysteine, valine and O-methylthreonine respectively for Xaa. The results, which were obtained with calf liver microsomal fractions as enzyme source and dolichyl diphosphate di-N-acetyl [14C] chitobiose as glycosyl donor showed that the threonine-, serine- and cysteine-containing derivatives could be glycosylated, although at very different rates, whereas the valine and O-methylthreonine analogues did not work as glycosyl acceptors. Replacement of threonine by serine resulted in a 4-fold decrease in Vmax, and about a 10-fold increase in Km for glycosyl transfer. Replacement of serine by cysteine again decreased acceptor activity 2-3-fold. The various results, taken together, indicate an absolute requirement for a hydrogen-bond-donor function in the side chain of the hydroxy amino acid of the "marker sequence" and furthermore, point to a considerable influence of the structure of this amino acid on binding as well as on the glycosyl transfer itself. In order to explain the observed differences in the glycosyl-transfer rates, a model is proposed with a hydrogen-bond interaction between the amide of asparagine as the hydrogen-bond donor and the oxygen of the hydroxy group of the hydroxy amino acid as the hydrogen-bond acceptor. The participation of the hydroxy group in the catalytic mechanism of glycosyl transfer in the kind of proton-relay system is discussed.
Heteroduplex mobility assay-guided sequence discovery: Elucidation of the small subunit (18S) rDNA sequences of Pfiesteria piscicida and related dinoflagellates from complex algal culture and environmental sample DNA pools (2000)

The newly described heterotrophic estuarine dinoflagellate Pfiesteria piscicida has been linked with fish kills in field and laboratory settings, and with a novel clinical syndrome of impaired cognition and memory disturbance among humans after presumptive toxin exposure. As a result, there is a pressing need to better characterize the organism and these associations. Advances in Pfiesteria research have been hampered, however, by the absence of genomic sequence data. We employed a sequencing strategy directed by heteroduplex mobility assay to detect Pfiesteria piscicida 18S rDNA "signature" sequences in complex pools of DNA and used those data as the basis for determination of the complete P. piscicida 18S rDNA sequence. Specific PCR assays for P. piscicida and other estuarine heterotrophic dinoflagellates were developed, permitting their detection in algal cultures and in estuarine water samples collected during fish kill and fish lesion events. These tools should enhance efforts to characterize these organisms and their ecological relationships. Heteroduplex mobility assay-directed sequence discovery is broadly applicable, and may be adapted for the detection of genomic sequence data of other novel or nonculturable organisms in complex assemblages.
Insoluble and Flexible Silk Films Containing Glycerol (2009)

We directly prepared insoluble silk films by blending with glycerol and avoiding the use of organic solvents. The ability to blend a plasticizer like glycerol with a hydrophobic protein like silk and achieve stable material systems above a critical threshold of glycerol is an important new finding with importance for green chemistry approaches to new and more flexible silk-based biomaterials. The aqueous solubility, biocompatibility, and well-documented use of glycerol as a plasticizer with other biopolymers prompted its inclusion in silk fibroin solutions to assess impact on silk film behavior. Processing was performed in water rather than organic solvents to enhance the potential biocompatibility of these biomaterials. The films exhibited modified morphologies that could be controlled on the basis of the blend composition and also exhibited altered mechanical properties, such as improved elongation at break, when compared with pure silk fibroin films. Mechanistically, glycerol appears to replace water in silk fibroin chain hydration, resulting in the initial stabilization of helical structures in the films, as opposed to random coil or beta-sheet structures. The use of glycerol in combination with silk fibroin in materials processing expands the functional features attainable with this fibrous protein, and in particular, in the formation of more flexible films with potential utility in a range of biomaterial and device applications.
Arterial blood pressure. Correlation with erythrocyte count, hematocrit, and hemoglobin concentration. (1991)

The relationship between arterial blood pressure and red blood cell variables was investigated in 1013 unselected persons with a blood pressure range of 90 to 225 mm Hg systolic and 50 to 145 mm Hg diastolic. Statistically significant correlations were demonstrated between mean (as well as systolic and diastolic) arterial blood pressure and red blood cell count (r = 0.27; P less than .0001), hematocrit (r = 0.28; P less than .0001), and hemoglobin concentration (r = 0.29; P less than .0001). Average arterial blood pressure was higher in men than in women (133 +/- 16/83 +/- 10 v 124 +/- 16/79 +/- 9 mm Hg, P less than .0001) and this was associated with higher values for erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit in men as compared to women. The significant correlation of blood pressure and hematocrit, which represents one important determinant of blood viscosity, points to a role for rheological factors in the long-term control of blood pressure. Moreover, it might be speculated that the sex difference in blood pressure as observed in the present study may be due, at least in part, to stimulated erythropoiesis in men as compared to women.