gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epicardial Atrial Ablation Using a Novel Articulated Robotic Medical Probe via a Percutaneous Subxiphoid Approach (2006)

OBJECTIVE: Minimally invasive epicardial atrial ablation to cure atrial fibrillation through the use of a percutaneous subxiphoid approach currently has a lack of dedicated technology for intrapericardial navigation around the beating heart. We have developed a novel articulated robotic medical probe and performed preliminary experiments in a porcine preparation. METHODS: In five large, healthy pigs, the teleoperated robotic system was introduced inside the pericardial space through a percutaneous subxiphoid approach. Secondary visualization of the left atrium and left atrial appendage was achieved with the use of a 5-mm scope inserted through a left thoracic port. The operator actively controlled the path of the robot by using a master manipulator. The catheter, with an irrigated radiofrequency tip, was guided through the working port of the robot to achieve epicardial ablation of the left atrium. RESULTS: Access to the pericardial space and progression around the left atrium was successful in all cases, with no interference with the beating heart such as a fatal arrhythmia, unexpected bleeding, and hypotension. Epicardial ablation was successfully performed in all five cases. No adverse hemodynamic or electrophysiological events were noted during the trials. When the animals were killed, there was no visually detected injury on the surrounding mediastinal structures caused by ablation. Transmural ablation was confirmed by histopathology of the left atrium. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a dedicated articulated robotic medical probe and successfully performed epicardial left atrial radiofrequency ablation. Based on the feedback from these preliminary experiments, the radius of curvature and proper visualization of the device are being improved in the next generation prototype.
The serum‐ and glucocorticoid‐induced kinase SGK inhibits mutant huntingtin‐induced toxicity by phosphorylating serine 421 of huntingtin (2004)

Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by abnormal polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion in the protein huntingtin. We have previously demonstrated the importance of the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1)/Akt pathway in HD. Indeed, upon IGF-1 activation, Akt phosphorylates polyQ-huntingtin at serine 421 and abrogates its toxicity. In addition, we have demonstrated that Akt is altered in the brain of HD patients. Here, we investigate the role of the serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase (SGK) in HD. We show that SGK phosphorylates huntingtin at serine 421 and that phosphorylation can protect striatal neurons against polyQ-huntingtin-induced toxicity. We find that SGK levels are increased in the brain of HD patients. Using a cellular model of HD, we demonstrate that the SGK dysregulation induced by polyQ-huntingtin occurs via the p38/MAPK pathway. Collectively, our results strongly suggest the involvement of SGK in HD and further imply that IGF-1 downstream signalling is a key transduction pathway that regulates the toxicity of huntingtin.
Enhanced electron-phonon coupling at the Mo and W(110) surfaces induced by adsorbed hydrogen (1995)

The possible occurrence of either a charge-density-wave or a Kohn anomaly is governed by the presence of Fermi-surface nesting and the subtle interaction of electrons and phonons. Recent experimental and theoretical investigations suggest such an effect for the hydrogen covered Mo and W(110) surfaces. Using density-functional theory we examine the electronic structure and the electron-phonon coupling of these systems. Besides good agreement with the experimental phonon frequencies our study provides a characterization and quantitative analysis of an unusual scenario determining the electronic, vibrational, and structural properties of these surfaces.
Partitioning Histopathological Images: An Integrated Framework for Supervised Color-Texture Segmentation and Cell Splitting (2011)

For quantitative analysis of histopathological images, such as the lymphoma grading systems, quantification of features is usually carried out on single cells before categorizing them by classification algorithms. To this end, we propose an integrated framework consisting of a novel supervised cell-image segmentation algorithm and a new touching-cell splitting method. For the segmentation part, we segment the cell regions from the other areas by classifying the image pixels into either cell or extra-cellular category. Instead of using pixel color intensities, the color-texture extracted at the local neighborhood of each pixel is utilized as the input to our classification algorithm. The color-texture at each pixel is extracted by local Fourier transform (LFT) from a new color space, the most discriminant color space (MDC). The MDC color space is optimized to be a linear combination of the original RGB color space so that the extracted LFT texture features in the MDC color space can achieve most discrimination in terms of classification (segmentation) performance. To speed up the texture feature extraction process, we develop an efficient LFT extraction algorithm based on image shifting and image integral. For the splitting part, given a connected component of the segmentation map, we initially differentiate whether it is a touching-cell clump or a single nontouching cell. The differentiation is mainly based on the distance between the most likely radial-symmetry center and the geometrical center of the connected component. The boundaries of touching-cell clumps are smoothed out by Fourier shape descriptor before carrying out an iterative, concave-point and radial-symmetry based splitting algorithm. To test the validity, effectiveness and efficiency of the framework, it is applied to follicular lymphoma pathological images, which exhibit complex background and extracellular texture with nonuniform illumination condition. For comparison purposes, the results of the proposed segmentation algorithm are evaluated against the outputs of superpixel, graph-cut, mean-shift, and two state-of-the-art pathological image segmentation methods using ground-truth that was established by manual segmentation of cells in the original images. Our segmentation algorithm achieves better results than the other compared methods. The results of splitting are evaluated in terms of under-splitting, over-splitting, and encroachment errors. By summing up the three types of errors, we achieve a total error rate of 5.25% per image.
Estrogen receptor (ER)β knockout mice reveal a role for ERβ in migration of cortical neurons in the developing brain (2003)

The present study stems from our previous observations that the brains of adult estrogen receptor beta knockout (ERbeta-/-) mice show regional neuronal hypocellularity especially in the cerebral cortex. We now show that ERbeta is necessary for late embryonic development of the brain and is involved in both neuronal migration and apoptosis. At embryonic day (E)18.5, ERbeta-/- mouse brains were smaller than those of the wild-type (WT) littermates, and there were fewer neurons in the cortex. There were no differences in size or cellularity at E14.5. When proliferating cells were labeled with 5'-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) on E12.5, a time when cortical neurogenesis in mice begins, and examined on E14.5, there was no difference between WT and ERbeta-/- mice in the number of labeled cells in the cortex. However, when BrdUrd was administered between E14.5 and E16.5, a time when postmitotic neurons migrate to layers of the cortex, there were fewer BrdUrd-labeled cells in the superficial cortical layers by E18.5 and postnatal day 14 in mice lacking ERbeta. At E18.5, there were more apoptotic cells in the ventricular zone of mice lacking ERbeta. In addition, the processes of the cortical radial glia, which are essential for guiding the migrating neurons, were fragmented. These findings suggest that by influencing migration and neuronal survival, ERbeta has an important role in brain development.
Determination of branching distributions in polyethylene and ethylene copolymers (1982)

Abstract A description is given of an analytical temperature‐rising elution fractionation (TREF) system for the purpose of determining short‐chain branching (SCB) or copolymer distributions in poly‐ethylenes and ethylene copolymers. The system achieves fractionation on the basis of crystallizability and is shown to be very little influenced by molecular weight in the normal high polymer range. Sample preparation by slow cooling from relatively dilute solution followed by continuous elution with a simultaneous and fairly rapid rate of temperature rise proves to be an efficient fractionation process. An on‐line detector and data system allows application of a calibration curve to give realistic SCB distribution data in a convenient manner. The potential value of the TREF technique for providing structural information is illustrated by examples which include low‐density high‐pressure resins made by both tubular and autoclave reactors, high‐ and low‐density resins made by low‐pressure processes, and copolymers of ethylene with vinyl acetate and ethyl acrylate.
Programmable cesium Rydberg wave packets (1995)

We have used amplified, programmable, shaped optical pulses to engineer Rydberg wave packets in cesium. Our apparatus employs a computer-controlled liquid-crystal pulse shaper which could control either the phase or the magnitude of the pulse's spectrum. The shaped optical field was analyzed via cross correlation and frequency-resolved optical gating. The wave-packet evolution was analyzed by monitoring temporal interference via the optical Ramsey method to obtain both auto- and cross-interferograms of the engineered wave packet.
Nitric Oxide Synthase Plays a Signaling Role in TCR-Triggered Apoptotic Death (1998)

A functional role for stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production was tested in the TCR-triggered death of mature T lymphocytes. In purified peripheral human T cell blasts or the 2B4 murine T cell hybridoma, apoptotic cell death induced by immobilized anti-CD3 was blocked by inhibitors of NO synthase (NOS) in a stereospecific and concentration-dependent manner. This effect appeared to be selective since apoptotic death induced by anti-Fas Ab or the steroid dexamethasone was not affected by NOS inhibitors. TCR-stimulated expression of functional Fas ligand was attenuated in a stereospecific manner by NOS inhibitors, but these compounds did not inhibit TCR-stimulated IL-2 secretion or CD69 surface expression. Nitrosylated tyrosines, a stable marker for NO generation, were immunochemically detected in T cells using flow cytometry. TCR signals induced NO production, as measured by an increase in nitrotyrosine-specific staining. NOS enzymatic activity was detected in lysates of 2B4 cells, and Western blot analysis suggests that the activity is due to expression of the neuronal isoform of NOS. Thus, T cells have the capacity to generate NO upon Ag signaling, which may affect signal transduction, Fas ligand surface expression, and apoptotic cell death of mature T lymphocytes.
Fatty acids in cystic fibrosis (2000)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated with deficiencies in certain essential fatty acids. These deficiencies have been studied in plasma, red blood cells, and mucus and were previously thought to be a result of malnutrition or malabsorption. More recent studies have indicated that these deficiencies are independent of nutritional status. However, these studies examined fatty acids in plasma but not in CF-regulated tissues. In the pancreas, lungs, and ileum of CF knock-out mice, membrane-bound arachidonic acid levels have been shown to be increased while docosahexaenoic acid levels are decreased. This lipid abnormality is reversed following oral administration of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In addition, DHA therapy reverses the increased neutrophil infiltration in the lungs of CF knock-out mice. Further studies are required to determine the mechanism by which CF gene mutations lead to this lipid abnormality.
CO2 Hydrogenation to Hydrocarbons over Iron-based Catalyst: Effects of Physicochemical Properties of Al2O3 Supports (2014)

The effects of surface hydroxyl groups and SiO2 content of alumina supports for FeK/Al2O3 catalysts on their activity and product selectivity for CO2 hydrogenation to hydrocarbons reaction were investigated. A series of iron-based catalysts supported on six commercial Al2O3 supports were prepared and tested for hydrocarbons production in a fixed-bed reactor. Surface acidic–basic hydroxyls distribution of the supports were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and point of zero charge (PZC) measurement. It was found that the PZC of Al2O3 supports strongly affects the dispersion as well as particle size of the Fe-based catalysts. Increasing PZC value of Al2O3, the iron dispersion increased and particle size decreased. The highest CO2 conversion (54.4%) and C5+ hydrocarbons selectivity (31.1%) were achieved when the PZC was 8.0. CO2 conversion and the long-chain products selectivity decreased when PZC declined. Moreover, SiO2-doping of alumina strongly affected the surface acidic–basic hydroxyls distribution of the supports, while a desired SiO2 content improved the catalyst activity by adjusting CO adsorption and the reduction behavior of the iron-based catalysts.
Zement: Grundlagen der Herstellung und Verwendung (2000)

Nach einer Einfuehrung in die Einteilung und die Bestandteile der in Europa ueblichen Zemente und der an sie gestellten Anforderungen folgt ein kurzer Ueberblick in die Geschichte des Zementes. Ausfuehrlich behandelt wird die mineralogische Zusammensetzung und Herstellung des Zementklinkers und der anderen Hauptbestandteile. Dabei werden sowohl die Verfahrenstechniken des Brennens und Kuehlens der Klinker, als auch deren Einfluesse auf die Klinkereigenschaften und den Energiebedarf dieser Prozesse beschrieben. Nach Ausfuehrungen ueber verschiedene Moeglichkeiten des Mahlens wird auf Fragen des Umweltschutzes bei der Zementherstellung eingegangen, wobei zwischen staub- und gasfoermigen Luftverunreinigungen und den Moeglichkeiten ihrer Reduzierung differenziert wird. Weitere Kapitel befassen sich mit chemisch-mineralogischen Fragen der Zementerhaertung und dem Aufbau und den Eigenschaften des Zementsteins. Behandelt werden neben den physikalischen Groessen Porositaet, Festigkeit, Formaenderung und Durchlaessigkeit auch die in den chemischen Bereich fallenden Themen der Korrosion von Metallen beziehungsweise der durch das Zement bewirkte Korrosionsschutz insbesondere der Stahlbewehrung, sowie Fragen der Widerstandsfaehigkeit gegen chemische Angriffe. Gesondert wird auf Ursachen und moegliche Gegenmassnahmen bei Alkali-Zuschlag-Reaktion und Mechanismen eines Frost- beziehungsweise Frost-Tausalz-Angriffes auf Beton eingegangen. Die beiden abschliessenden Kapitel behandeln Normzemente mit besonderen Eigenschaften, wobei neben Schnell-, Quell-, Tiefbohr- und hydrophobierten Zementen besonders ausfuehrlich auf Zemente mit hohem Sulfatwiderstand und Tonerdezemente hingewiesen wird, und Fragen der Umweltvertraeglichkeit von Zement und Beton.
Oligodeoxynucleotides stabilize Helios-expressing Foxp3+ human T regulatory cells during in vitro expansion (2012)

Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) maintain self-tolerance and adoptive therapy, and using Foxp3(+) Tregs has been proposed as treatment for autoimmune diseases. The clinical use of Tregs will require large numbers of cells and methods for in vitro expansion of Tregs are being developed. Foxp3(+) Tregs can be divided into 2 subpopulations based on expression of the transcription factor, Helios. Foxp3(+)Helios(+) Tregs (70%) are thymic-derived, whereas Foxp3(+)Helios(-) Tregs (30%) are induced in the periphery. Foxp3(+)Helios(+) Tregs differ from Foxp3(+)Helios(-) Tregs in terms of epigenetic changes at the Foxp3 locus, their capacity to produce effector cytokines, and their stability of Foxp3 expression on days to weeks of expansion in vitro. Addition of a 25 mer DNA oligonucleotide of random composition for a short period during the expansion of Foxp3(+) Tregs in vitro results in prolonged stabilization of the Foxp3(+)Helios(+) subpopulation and yields an optimal population for use in cellular biotherapy.
A new parenteral vehicle for the administration of some poorly water soluble anti-cancer drugs. (1987)

A new parenteral vehicle was developed for three poorly water soluble anti-cancer drugs using pluronic L64. A ternary cosolvent system containing pluronic L64 (60%), ethanol (30%), and polysorbate 80 (10%) was formulated. All three drugs tested were stable in this vehicle. Methods of administration usually involve a simple dilution of one part formulation with 2 parts water. The water-diluted formulation of the three drugs studied is physically stable for three days prior to crystallization.
The data warehouse method: integrated data warehouse support environments (1999)

1. The Data Warehouse Method. Quality Data Warehouses Processes. Data Warehouse Methodology. Technical Architectures. Data Warehouse Administration. Performance Management. 2. The Managed Query Environment. Interaction with the MQE Environment. Data Mining Tools. Implementing the Discovery into the Strategy. 3. Methodology. Data Warehouse Method Introduction. Team Roles in the IDSE. Preparation for Data Warehouse Methods. The Guiding Principals of the Data Warehouse Method. 4. Strategy. Strategy and the Data Warehouse. CASE and Strategic Analysis. Quality in a DWM Strategy. MQE Tools. Strategy Quality Risks. Strategy Deliverables. 5. Analysis. Analysis Phase Use Case Analysis. Analysis Planning. Business Rules Analysis. Business Rules, Terms and Objectives. Analysis Data Elements. Candidate Semantic Cubes. Acquisition Classes. Quality Risks, Quality Improvements. Analysis Functional Documentation and Deliverable. 6. Design. Design Use Case Analysis. Planning for Design. Acquisition Module Design. Data Object Construction. Quality Risks/Quality Improvements in the Design Process. Design Conclusion. 7. Construction. Construction Use Case. Planning for Construction. Constructing the Process Monitor. Construction Project Example. Quality Risks, Quality Improvements for the Construction Phase. Construction Conclusion. 8. The Quality DW Technical Architecture. Fading Client Server Architectures. Logical Architecture. Physical Architecture. Subsystem Requirements. Summary. 9. Administration of the IDSE. The Mission of the Database Administrator. The Roles of the DBA. Managing Memory and I/O Resources. Optimizing Star Queries. Parallel Query Tuning. Tablespaces. Partitioning and the Parallel Load. Partitions in Oracle. Fragmentation. Process Management. Oracle's Cost Based Analyzer. Backup and Recovery. Conclusion. 10. Managing Dimension and Event Data. Degrees of Freedom and the Aggregate. Aggregate Management Process Overview. Components of the Solution. Aggregate Creation. Conclusion. 11. Conclusion. The Need for a New Repository. Business Knowledge Method. Components of the BRR Architecture. Object Transport Components. Business Rules Data Schema. Operational Data Store. Enterprise Architecture. Summary. Appendix A: IDSE Sample Object Naming Convention. Naming Conventions and Guidelines. CASE Abbreviations. Appendix B: Aggregate Wizard Setup. Steps for Installation. Aggregate Forms. Appendix C: Aggregate Wizard Package Listing. Repository Utilities. Repository Integration Utilities. Aggregate Generation Utilities. Task Broker. Aggregate Wizard, Remote Agent. References. Index.
Cardiac Surgery in Germany during 2007: A Report on Behalf of the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (2008)

All cardiac surgical procedures performed in 80 German cardiac surgical units throughout the year 2007 are presented in this report, based on a voluntary registry which is organized by the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. In 2007 a total of 99,990 cardiac surgical procedures (ICD and pacemaker procedures excluded) have been collected in this registry. More than 9.8% of the patients were older than 80 years compared to 9.6% in 2006. Hospital mortality in 49,788 isolated CABG procedures (10.1% off-pump) was 2.7%. In 21,312 isolated valve procedures a mortality of 5.1% has been observed. This voluntary registry of the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery will continue to be an important tool enabling quality control and illustrating the development of cardiac surgery in Germany.
Theoretical investigation of graphene-based photonic modulators (2013)

Integration of electronics and photonics for future applications requires an efficient conversion of electrical to optical signals. The excellent electronic and photonic properties of graphene make it a suitable material for integrated systems with extremely wide operational bandwidth. In this paper, we analyze the novel geometry of modulator based on the rib photonic waveguide configuration with a double-layer graphene placed between a slab and ridge. The theoretical analysis of graphene-based electro-absorption modulator was performed showing that a 3 dB modulation with ~ 600 nm-long waveguide is possible resulting in energy per bit below 1 fJ/bit. The optical bandwidth of such modulators exceeds 12 THz with an operation speed ranging from 160 GHz to 850 GHz and limited only by graphene resistance. The performances of modulators were evaluated based on the figure of merit defined as the ratio between extinction ratio and insertion losses where it was found to exceed 220.
5-Dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonic acid 7-phosphate. An intermediate in the 3-dehydroquinate synthase reaction (1978)

3-Dehydroquinate synthase was purified to homogeneity from Escherichia coli. It was found to be a single polypeptide chain of Mr = approximately 57,000. Reaction mixtures of pure enzyme and the substrate, 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonic acid 7-phosphate, were incubated for short times and treated with NaB3H4. The resulting 3-deoxyheptonic acid 7-phosphate was degraded with sodium periodate, and formic acid representing C-5 of the substrate was isolated. The presence of 3H in the formate corresponding to 15% of the enzyme was interpreted as indicating a 5-dehydro derivative of the substrate as an intermediate of the reaction. Quinic acid, resulting from reduction of 3-dehydroquinate with NaB3H4, was also isolated and degraded with periodate. The formate from C-4 of the quinate was unlabeled, indicating that 3,4-bisdehydroquinate is not an intermediate.
IMGT®, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system® 25 years on (2014)

IMGT(®), the international ImMunoGeneTics information system(®)(http://www.imgt.org) is the global reference in immunogenetics and immunoinformatics. By its creation in 1989 by Marie-Paule Lefranc (Université de Montpellier and CNRS), IMGT(®) marked the advent of immunoinformatics, which emerged at the interface between immunogenetics and bioinformatics. IMGT(®) is specialized in the immunoglobulins (IG) or antibodies, T cell receptors (TR), major histocompatibility (MH) and proteins of the IgSF and MhSF superfamilies. IMGT(®) is built on the IMGT-ONTOLOGY axioms and concepts, which bridged the gap between genes, sequences and 3D structures. The concepts include the IMGT(®) standardized keywords (identification), IMGT(®) standardized labels (description), IMGT(®) standardized nomenclature (classification), IMGT unique numbering and IMGT Colliers de Perles (numerotation). IMGT(®) comprises 7 databases, 17 online tools and 15,000 pages of web resources, and provides a high-quality and integrated system for analysis of the genomic and expressed IG and TR repertoire of the adaptive immune responses, including NGS high-throughput data. Tools and databases are used in basic, veterinary and medical research, in clinical applications (mutation analysis in leukemia and lymphoma) and in antibody engineering and humanization. The IMGT/mAb-DB interface was developed for therapeutic antibodies and fusion proteins for immunological applications (FPIA). IMGT(®) is freely available at http://www.imgt.org.