gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Milia during treatment of mycosis fungoides: follicular mycosis fungoides? (1994)

In the present study, an analysis was made of the expression pattern of thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) and its receptor (CD36) in skin biopsies obtained from healthy volunteers and from patients with lichen planus, lupus erythematosus, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and psoriasis vulgaris. Using monoclonal antibodies against TSP1 in biopsies from the healthy volunteers and from both clinically involved and uninvolved skin of the patients, a specific peroxidase-positive reaction was detected around the sweat glands in the dermis. In all cases investigated, the CD36-positive lesional keratinocytes remained TSP1-negative. These findings favour the hypothesis that CD36-positive keratinocytes might have some functional relevance via oxidized low-density lipoprotein and/or collagen fibrils, without any connection with TSP1.
Optimizing iterative decoding of low-density parity check codes on programmable pipelined parallel architectures (2002)

This paper investigates the problem of minimizing the latency of iterative decoding of low-density parity check codes using the sum-product algorithm on a proposed low-complexity programmable pipelined parallel architecture. We present heuristic techniques for solving the NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems of mapping and scheduling the processing tasks of decoding an arbitrary LDPC code on n parallel pipelined processing units so as to minimize the total number of clock cycles required to complete a single decoding iteration. We compare the quality of result and running time of the proposed techniques to those of simple randomized techniques. We also investigate the effect of using local buffering at the pipelined processing units. In the case of zero local buffering, the proposed mapping and ordering techniques offer an improvement of 75.1% over randomized alternatives for the case of n=16. The proposed mapping technique always leads to an improvement of at least 11% over randomized mapping even if infinite local buffering is used. It is shown that a speedup factor of 1.12n-0.024n/sup 2/ can be achieved using a local buffer size of only 32 words.
In vivo expansion of T reg cells with IL-2–mAb complexes: induction of resistance to EAE and long-term acceptance of islet allografts without immunosuppression (2009)

Via a transcription factor, Foxp3, immunoregulatory CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells (T reg cells) play an important role in suppressing the function of other T cells. Adoptively transferring high numbers of T reg cells can reduce the intensity of the immune response, thereby providing an attractive prospect for inducing tolerance. Extending our previous findings, we describe an in vivo approach for inducing rapid expansion of T reg cells by injecting mice with interleukin (IL)-2 mixed with a particular IL-2 monoclonal antibody (mAb). Injection of these IL-2-IL-2 mAb complexes for a short period of 3 d induces a marked (>10-fold) increase in T reg cell numbers in many organs, including the liver and gut as well as the spleen and lymph nodes, and a modest increase in the thymus. The expanded T reg cells survive for 1-2 wk and are highly activated and display superior suppressive function. Pretreating with the IL-2-IL-2 mAb complexes renders the mice resistant to induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; combined with rapamycin, the complexes can also be used to treat ongoing disease. In addition, pretreating mice with the complexes induces tolerance to fully major histocompatibility complex-incompatible pancreatic islets in the absence of immunosuppression. Tolerance is robust and the majority of grafts are accepted indefinitely. The approach described for T reg cell expansion has clinical potential for treating autoimmune disease and promoting organ transplantation.
Petri net modeling and one-wafer scheduling of single-arm multi-cluster tools (2013)

It is very challenging to schedule a multi-cluster tool for it needs to coordinate the activities of multiple robots. This paper studies one-wafer cyclic scheduling for multi-cluster tools whose bottleneck cluster tool is process-bound. A Petri net model is developed to describe the system. Based on the model, it is shown that, for any multi-cluster tool whose bottleneck cluster tool is process-bound, there is always a one-wafer cyclic schedule. Then, a method is presented to find the minimal cycle time and the optimal one-wafer cyclic schedule. The method requires only simple calculation. An example illustrates the application and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Endothelin: Potential Role in Hypertension and Vascular Hypertrophy (1995)

The endothelins are a family of 21-amino acid peptides that are powerful vasoconstrictors. They may also induce vascular hypertrophy. These peptides may participate through these two mechanisms in the pathogenesis of the elevation of blood pressure and/or in the maintenance of hypertension in both experimental animal models and human essential hypertension. This review presents evidence both in favor and against the involvement of endothelins in hypertension. Plasma levels of endothelin-1 are either normal or slightly elevated in experimental and human essential hypertension. Responses of blood vessels to endothelin-1 may be normal or depressed in many models of experimental hypertension and also in essential hypertension in humans. It has recently been demonstrated that endothelin content and mRNA are increased in blood vessels of deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertensive rats. When endothelin receptor antagonists are administered chronically, elevation of blood pressure and development of vascular hypertrophy are blunted in this experimental model of hypertension. In contrast, spontaneously hypertensive rats do not exhibit any increase in either endothelin-1 mRNA or immunoreactive endothelin in blood vessels and fail to respond with lowering of blood pressure to longterm treatment with endothelin receptor antagonists. Blood pressure development in young spontaneously hypertensive rats is also unaffected by long-term administration of endothelin antagonists. Molecular genetic studies appear to support a genetic role of components of the endothelin system in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. In human essential hypertension, there is some evidence of activation of the endothelin system despite depressed responses of small arteries to endothelin-1 and normal circulating levels of endothelin-1 in plasma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dashboard by-example: A hypergraph-based approach to on-demand data warehousing systems (2012)

The usefulness and ease of use of dashboards are essential elements in supporting interactive queries in data warehousing systems, as they provide the analysts the view of critical business metrics that reflect the business performance. However, on-demand dashboard development presents a challenging task for linking semantic equivalent data facts, discovering structural dependencies between and within data sources. In this paper, we introduce an improved approach for dashboard development that is supported by by-example framework and semantic-based data linkage management. In this Dashboard-by-example (DBE) framework, hypergraph-based techniques are adopted to acquire knowledge from heterogeneous and disparate data into homogeneous ontological clusters and partitions. Moreover, the use of hypergraph-guided data linkage provides multiple perspectives on the knowledge space, supporting interaction model to explore, contextualize and aggregate the data depending on the application needs. The applicability of our approach is discussed in a case study scenario, highlight the flexibility and efficiency in handling on-demand requirements in data warehousing systems.
The Role of Hepatocyte Growth Factor and its Receptor C-Met in Multiple Myeloma and Other Blood Malignancies (1999)

The cytokine hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor c-Met are a ligand-receptor pair with important functions in a communicative interplay between HGF-producing, mesenchymal cells and c-Met-expressing target cells. HGF is cytoprotective and causes regeneration of parenchyma after tissue damage in several organs. The receptor c-Met was first characterized as an oncogene product being responsible for the transformation of an osteosarcoma cell line. HGF or c-Met is overexpressed in several human cancers, including various carcinomas. Some cells of hematopoietic origin also seem to be capable of c-Met expression, but the precise role of HGF in normal hematopoiesis is yet to be determined. In blood malignancies like acute myelogenous leukemia and, notably, multiple myeloma, HGF is overproduced and has implications for the prognosis of the patients. Biological significance of HGF overexpression in multiple myeloma is discussed and is likely to include effects on bone turnover and angiogenesis.
Recombinant latent transforming growth factor beta 1 has a longer plasma half-life in rats than active transforming growth factor beta 1, and a different tissue distribution. (1990)

Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) is a key regulator of cell growth and differentiation. Under normal physiological conditions, it is made as a biologically latent complex whose significance is unknown. Previous work has indicated that active TGF-beta 1 has a very short plasma half-life in rats (Coffey, R. J., L. J. Kost, R. M. Lyons, H. L. Moses, and N. F. La-Russo. 1987. J. Clin. Invest. 80:750-757). We have investigated the possibility that latent complex formation may extend the plasma half-life of TGF-beta 1 and alter its organ distribution. Radiolabeled latent TGF-beta 1 was formed by noncovalent association of 125I-TGF-beta 1 with the TGF-beta 1 precursor "pro" region from recombinant sources. TGF-beta 1 in this latent complex had a greatly extended plasma half-life (greater than 100 min) in rats compared with active TGF-beta 1 (2-3 min). Whereas active TGF-beta 1 was rapidly taken up by the liver, kidneys, lungs, and spleen and degraded, TGF-beta 1 in the latent complex was largely confined to the circulation, and was less than 5% degraded after 90 min. The pharmacokinetics of TGF-beta 1 in the latent complex were shown to be critically dependent on the degree of sialylation of the complex. The results suggest that formation of latent complexes may switch endogenous TGF-beta 1 from an autocrine/paracrine mode of action to a more endocrine mode involving target organs distant from the site of synthesis.
Effect of Low-Dose Aspirin on Vascular Inflammation, Plaque Stability, and Atherogenesis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor–Deficient Mice (2002)

Our results suggest that in murine atherosclerosis, low-dose aspirin suppresses vascular inflammation and increases the stability of atherosclerotic plaques, both of which, together with its antiplatelet activity, contribute to its antiatherogenic effect. We conclude that low-dose aspirin might be rationally evaluated in the progression and evolution of human atherosclerotic plaque.
β-Lactamase: An Ideal Reporter System for Monitoring Gene Expression in live Eukaryotic Cells (2007)

To gain insightful information about the mechanisms through which genes are activated and repressed requires gene reporter systems that are sensitive, robust, and cost-effective. Although numerous reporter gene technologies are commercially available, none are as sophisticated and user-friendly as beta-lactamase (BLA) when it comes to studying gene expression in live cells. This article presents an overview of the BLA technology and describes how it can be exploited for studying rare events such as homologous recombination in somatic cells and be used to deliver any DNA sequence of choice anywhere within the genome.
Organization, distribution, and stability of endogenous ecotropic murine leukemia virus DNA sequences in chromosomes of Mus musculus (1982)

The endogenous ecotropic murine leukemia virus DNA content and integration sites were characterized for 54 inbred strains and substrains of mice by restriction enzyme digestion, Southern blotting, and hybridization with an ecotropic murine leukemia virus DNA-specific probe. More than 75% of these strains carried endogenous ecotropic proviruses which were located in at least 29 distinct integration sites in chromosomes of Mus musculus. Fourteen of these proviruses have been assigned specific locus designations. Most, but not all, of the endogenous ecotropic proviruses were structurally indistinguishable by this analysis from the prototype AKR ecotropic virus, and the distribution of these proviruses followed known relationships among the inbred strains and substrains of mice. These results suggest that, in general, viral DNA integration preceded the establishment of inbred mouse strains and that these integrations are relatively stable.
Advancement in high dose therapy and autologous stem cell rescue in lymphoma. (2015)

Although advanced stage aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease are thought to be chemotherapy-responsive cancers, a considerable number of patients either relapse or never attain a remission. High-dose therapy (HDT) followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is often the only possibility of cure for most of these patients. However, many controversial issues still remain with respect to HDT/ASCT for lymphomas, including its role for, the optimal timing of transplantation, the best conditioning regimen and the potential use of localized radiotherapy or immunologic methods to decrease post-transplant recurrence. Recently, mainly due to the unavailability of carmustine, several novel conditioning protocols have been clinically developed, with the aim of improving the overall outcome by enhancing the anti-lymphoma effect and, at the same time, by reducing short and long-term toxicity. Furthermore, the better safety profiles of novel approaches would definitively allow patients aged more than 65-70 years to benefit from this therapeutic option. In this review, we will briefly discuss the most relevant and recent data available regarding HDT/ASCT in lymphomas.
Fibroblast Activation Protein: A Cell Surface Dipeptidyl Peptidase and Gelatinase Expressed by Stellate Cells At the Tissue Remodelling Interface in Human Cirrhosis (1999)

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a cell surface-bound protease of the prolyl oligopeptidase gene family expressed at sites of tissue remodelling. This study aimed to delineate the expression of FAP in cirrhotic human liver and examine its biochemical activities. Seventeen cirrhotic and 8 normal liver samples were examined by immunohistochemistry and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) were isolated and immunostained. Recombinant FAP and immunopurified, natural FAP were analyzed for protease activities and similarities to dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), a structurally related enzyme. FAP-specific messenger RNA and immunoreactivity were detected in cirrhotic, but not normal, livers. FAP immunoreactivity was most intense on perisinusoidal cells of the periseptal regions within regenerative nodules (15 of 15 cases); this pattern coincides with the tissue remodelling interface. In addition, human FAP was expressed by cells within the fibrous septa (10 of 15 cases). Cell morphology, location, and colocalization with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) indicated that FAP is present on HSC in vivo. Similarly, isolated HSC expressed FAP in vitro. Both natural FAP from cirrhotic liver and recombinant FAP were shown to have gelatinase and dipeptidyl peptidase activities. FAP is a cell-bound, dual-specificity dipeptidyl peptidase and gelatinase expressed by activated HSC at the tissue remodelling interface in human cirrhosis. FAP may contribute to the HSC-induced extracellular matrix (ECM) changes of cirrhosis.
Fibrinolysis--a review. (1985)

The function of fibrinolysis is to dissolve fibrin clots. The agent of fibrinolysis is plasmin, a glycoprotein with gram molecular weight (GMW) of 90,000. Under natural conditions, plasminogen is converted to plasmin by tissue plasminogen activator (TPA). Activation occurs on the fibrin surface, thus confining proteolytic activity to the appropriate site. Tissue plasminogen activator, produced by monoclonal methods, has recently been made available for limited therapeutic use. Currently streptokinase and urokinase are widely used therapeutically to activate plasminogen. These agents cause plasmin to be formed which is free in the circulation as well as bound to fibrin, resulting in proteolysis of circulating plasminogen and clotting factors. Fibrinolytic therapy has proven to be more beneficial than anticoagulation alone for deep vein thrombi and for pulmonary emboli. During therapy, laboratory studies demonstrate reduced concentrations of plasminogen, fibrinogen, and of alpha-2 plasmin inhibitor, and prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time. Laboratory findings must be correlated with the clinical course. Demonstration of circulating plasmin-antiplasmin complex may be a useful indicator of active fibrinolysis.
RefineNet: Multi-path Refinement Networks for High-Resolution Semantic Segmentation (2017)

Recently, very deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown outstanding performance in object recognition and have also been the first choice for dense classification problems such as semantic segmentation. However, repeated subsampling operations like pooling or convolution striding in deep CNNs lead to a significant decrease in the initial image resolution. Here, we present RefineNet, a generic multi-path refinement network that explicitly exploits all the information available along the down-sampling process to enable high-resolution prediction using long-range residual connections. In this way, the deeper layers that capture high-level semantic features can be directly refined using fine-grained features from earlier convolutions. The individual components of RefineNet employ residual connections following the identity mapping mindset, which allows for effective end-to-end training. Further, we introduce chained residual pooling, which captures rich background context in an efficient manner. We carry out comprehensive experiments and set new state-of-the-art results on seven public datasets. In particular, we achieve an intersection-over-union score of 83.4 on the challenging PASCAL VOC 2012 dataset, which is the best reported result to date.
Novel chirped fiber grating utilizing a thermally diffused taper-core fiber (1996)

Summary form only given. The usual fabrication method of the chirped grating is the phase-mask method using an expensive chirped phase mask. In this paper, we propose a novel fabrication technique of chirped gratings by using a standard unchirped phase mask.
Epidemiological studies of inflammatory airway disease in horses (2002)

Studies of respiratory disease in different populations of horses were undertaken, including a case control study, using clinically apparent respiratory disease in Thoroughbred racehorses as the case definition. Controls were matched on date and training yard and data were analysed using conditional logistic regression. Disease was statistically associated with several infectious and non-infectious risk factors. Younger horses, those entering training within the last 3 months and those with <i>Actinobacillus/Pasteurella</i> spp. or <i>Mycoplasma felis</i> isolated from the trachea were at increased risk of clinical disease. When all controls with sub-clinical disease were excluded, tracheal <i>Streptococcus zooepidemicus</i> infection was significantly associated with disease. <br><br>An experimental bacterial vaccine against <i>S. zooepidemicus</i> and <i>Actinobacillus</i> spp. was evaluated for its effect on natural respiratory disease in Welsh Mountain pony foals using a blinded, randomised, controlled trial. Weekly examinations were conducted in 29 ponies, of which 12 received vaccine, 12 received placebo and 5 were untreated. Data were analysed using a multilevel modeling approach, with autoregressive variables to adjust for significant effects of disease in previous time periods. Tracheal infection with <i>S. zooepidemicus</i> was a significant risk factor for aggregated clinical scores and clinical signs of nasal discharge, cough and dyspnoea. There was evidence for a significant dose response between <i>S. zooepidemicus</i> infection and dyspnoea and inflammatory airway disease. Both pony-level and observation-level analyses demonstrated significant variation in clinical scores between ponies with transferrin haplotypes D or F2. <br><br>Tracheal and nasopharyngeal isolates of <i>S. zooepidemicus</i> from the ponies in the vaccination study were typed by polymerase chain reaction of the hypervariable region of the M-protein (5 possible types) and the 16S-23S RNA gene intergenic spacer (8 possible types). More <i>S. zooepidemicus</i> types were isolated from the trachea than the nasopharynx. There was evidence for clonal succession of types over time and novel <i>S. zooepidemicus</i> types were identified. There were apparent differences in the strength of association of different <i>S. zooepidemicus</i> types with respiratory disease in these ponies during the study period.
Simultaneous WDM and broadcast transmission using a single multiwavelength waveguide-grating-router laser (1996)

We have demonstrated a new technique for simultaneously transmitting multiple WDM channels and broad-band broadcast services using a single multiwavelength waveguide-grating-router laser. Four 150 Mb/s WDM channels, spaced by 1.6 nm, were formed by modulating four gain sections on an 8-wavelength waveguide-grating-router laser. A broadcast service, consisting of 79 MPEG video channels multiplexed into 16 QPSK subcarriers, was simultaneously added to each WDM carrier by modulating the laser's common gain section. To eliminate degradations in video quality due to clipping distortion during baseband zeros, baseband extinction ratios for the four WDM channels were kept in the 55% to 58% range.