gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Poly(2'-O-methylcytidylate).oligodeoxyguanylate as a template for the ribonucleic acid directed deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase in ribonucleic acid tumor virus particles and a specific probe for the ribonucleic acid directed enzyme in transformed murine cells (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly(2'-O-methylcytidylate).oligodeoxyguanylate as a template for the ribonucleic acid directed deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase in ribonucleic acid tumor virus particles and a specific probe for the ribonucleic acid directed enzyme in transformed murine cellsGary F. Gerard, Fritz Rottman, and Maurice GreenCite this: Biochemistry 1974, 13, 8, 1632–1641Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1974https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00705a012RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views28Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Complete nucleotide sequence of the human corticotropin-β-lipotropin precursor gene (1983)

The nucleotide sequence of an 8658-base-pair human genomic DNA segment containing the entire corticotropin-beta-lipotropin precursor gene has been determined, and some sequence features of the gene and its flanking regions have been analysed. The gene is composed of 7665 base pairs including two introns of 3708 and 2886 base pairs. Comparison of the 5'-flanking sequences of the human, bovine and mouse corticotropin-beta-lipotropin precursor genes reveals the presence of a highly conserved region, which contains sequences of 14-15 base pairs homologous with sequences located upstream of the mRNA start site of other glucocorticoid-regulated genes.
Strategic management of family planning programs (1992)

Program management has received insufficient attention among family planning leaders, possibly because of medical or demographic background of many leaders, a focus on other program priorities (such as sheer survival), the pressure to expand programs rapidly, and limited donor interest in the subject. As programs grow in complexity, the problems resulting from weak management systems become more obvious, and organizations are compelled to introduce rational systems. The more successful family planning programs have paid close attention to key aspects of management and have striven to continually improve their systems. According to the principles of strategic management, there is no single"best"solution to the various problems organizations face. Each organization must work out a response appropriate to a given situation. But managers should know more about possible options and their effectiveness in other settings. In family planning, a dearth of research on options - compounded by the fact that many programs do not collect basic information about program inputs and outputs - makes it difficult to analyze which programs work and why. Logistics management is the Achilles heel of family planning programs. Many programs experience depleted supplies of contraceptives in demand and oversupplies of others. Lack of contraceptives not only leads to pregnancies but erodes client trust in the service provider and undermines staff morale. Measures to improve logistics management are readily accessible. What is lacking is a commitment from high-level managers to introduce the needed changes. Staff development also merits more attention from managers, as high-caliber staff can make a big difference in program performance. Managers do not always have flexibility about staff recruitment, promotion, and retention, but they should strive for as much leverage as possible. Little research has been done on the impact of training, so managers should assess the relative effectiveness and costs of different approaches. The key factor seems to the relevance to the training content to the individual's job responsibilities.
Real-Time Phase-Stamp Range Finder Using Correlation Image Sensor (2009)

This paper proposes the phase-stamp range finder (PSRF) for real-time three-dimensional (3-D) imaging. The PSRF consists of a time-domain correlation image sensor (CIS) proposed by us, a scanning sheet of light (SOL), and three-phase reference signals supplied to the CIS. After the SOL was scanned over the object during a frame period, the CIS records the ldquophase stamprdquo of the reference signals at the moment when the SOL reflected on the object arrived at each pixel. The range image is then reconstructed at the frame rate by converting the phase stamp image from the CIS pixel-wise to the projection angle of the SOL and then applying triangulation. An experimental system is constructed with a 200 times 200-pixel CIS camera and a light-sectioning laser projection system. Experimental results confirm that the constructed system outputs range images at 12.5 frames/s, achieves measurement accuracy of less than 1 mm in standard deviation for imaging distance of 300-500 mm, and is robust to time-varying, spatially nonuniform ambient illumination and fine surface texture of objects.
Failure recovery: when the cure is worse than the disease (2013)

Cloud services inevitably fail: machines lose power, networks become disconnected, pesky software bugs cause sporadic crashes, and so on. Unfortunately, failure recovery itself is often faulty; e.g. recovery can accidentally recursively replicate small failures to other machines until the entire cloud service fails in a catastrophic outage, amplifying a small cold into a contagious deadly plague! We propose that failure recovery should be engineered foremost according to the maxim of primum non nocere, that it “does no harm. ” Accordingly, we must consider the system holistically when failure occurs and recover only when observed activity safely allows for it.
Conserved long noncoding RNAs transcriptionally regulated by Oct4 and Nanog modulate pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells (2009)

The genetic networks controlling stem cell identity are the focus of intense interest, due to their obvious therapeutic potential as well as exceptional relevance to models of early development. Genome-wide mapping of transcriptional networks in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) reveals that many endogenous noncoding RNA molecules, including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), may play a role in controlling the pluripotent state. We performed a genome-wide screen that combined full-length mESC transcriptome genomic mapping data with chromatin immunoprecipitation genomic location maps of the key mESC transcription factors Oct4 and Nanog. We henceforth identified four mESC-expressed, conserved lncRNA-encoding genes residing proximally to active genomic binding sites of Oct4 and Nanog. Accordingly, these four genes have potential roles in pluripotency. We show that two of these lncRNAs, AK028326 (Oct4-activated) and AK141205 (Nanog-repressed), are direct targets of Oct4 and Nanog. Most importantly, we demonstrate that these lncRNAs are not merely controlled by mESC transcription factors, but that they themselves regulate developmental state: knockdown and overexpression of these transcripts lead to robust changes in Oct4 and Nanog mRNA levels, in addition to alterations in cellular lineage-specific gene expression and in the pluripotency of mESCs. We further characterize AK028326 as a co-activator of Oct4 in a regulatory feedback loop. These results for the first time implicate lncRNAs in the modulation of mESC pluripotency and expand the established mESC regulatory network model to include functional lncRNAs directly controlled by key mESC transcription factors.
Orally Bioavailable Antagonists of Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins Based on an Azabicyclooctane Scaffold (2009)

A series of IAP antagonists based on an azabicyclooctane scaffold was designed and synthesized. The most potent of these compounds, 14b, binds to the XIAP BIR3 domain, the BIR domain of ML-IAP, and the BIR3 domain of c-IAP1 with K(i) values of 140, 38, and 33 nM, respectively. These compounds promote degradation of c-IAP1, activate caspases, and lead to decreased viability of breast cancer cells without affecting normal mammary epithelial cells. Finally, compound 14b inhibits tumor growth when dosed orally in a breast cancer xenograft model.
Pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: role of IL-6 in airway epithelial cell dysfunction (2020)

The up-regulated epithelial cell proliferation observed in polyps could be induced by IL-6 in the case of prior epithelial damage. IL-6 could be a major cytokine in NP physiopathology.
A new approach to the arcing faults detection for fast autoreclosure in transmission systems (1995)

To avoid automatic reclosing on permanent faults, a new numerical algorithm for power transmission network arcing faults detection has been developed. Some important features of a long arc in air are investigated and used as a basis in the algorithm design. The fact that the nonlinear arc behavior influences other voltages and currents distorting them, offered an opportunity to detect the arc by measuring and processing the transmission line terminal voltage and current. A series of simulation studies have shown that the algorithm can be used as an effective tool for arcing faults detection.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
From nanostructures to porous silicon: sensors and photocatalytic reactors (2004)

A rapid, reversible, and sensitive porous silicon (PS) gas sensor, based upon a uniquely formed highly efficient electrical contact to a nanopore covered microporous array, is modified to introduce selectivity and for the purpose of a novel heterogeneous photocatalytic reactor. Utilizing photoluminescence induced electroless metallization as a means of obtaining a highly efficient electrical contact we demonstrate the detection of HC1, NH3, CO and NO at the ppm level. The response of this device, which operates with limited sensitivity at a bias voltage of 1–10 mV, is rapid and reversible. The form of metallization used to establish a low resistance, 20 Ω, contact also provides the basis for more efficient electroluminescent devices. After an electroless gold treatment, the impedance response of the device to ammonia increases by 2.5 times, while the CO and NO responses are unchanged. With an electroless tin coating, the room temperature responses to NH3, NO, and CO are all amplified. With an FFT analysis, a gas response can now be acquired and filtered on a drifting baseline, further increasing sensitivity. These sensor suites are now being extended to develop microreactors in which nanoscale quantum dot (QD) photocatalysts will be placed within the pores of PS and excited using PS electroluminescence or photoluminescence to excite visible light absorbing QDs. Visible light absorbing titania-based QDs have been developed. Using a nanoscale exclusive synthesis route, we directly treat TiO2 nanocolloids and, in seconds, at room temperature, we produce nitrogen doped, stable, and environmentally benign TiO2–xNx photocatalysts whose optical response, now not limited to the ultraviolet, can be tuned across the entire visible region. This synthesis, which can be simultaneously accompanied by metal atom seeding, can be accomplished through the direct nitration of anatase TiO2 nanostructures with alkyl ammonium salts. Tunability throughout the visible depends on the degree of TiO2 nanoparticle agglomeration and the influence of metal seeding. No organics are incorporated into the final TiO2–xNx products. These visible light absorbing photocatalysts readily photodegrade methylene blue and gaseous ethylene. They can be transformed from liquids to gels and placed on the surfaces of sensor and microreactor based configurations 1) to produce an improved photocatalytically induced solar based sensor response, and 2) with a goal to facilitate catalytically induced disinfection of airborne pathogens. In contrast to a nitridation process which is facile at the nanoscale, we find little or no direct nitridation of micrometer sized anatase or rutile TiO2 powders at room temperature. Thus, we demonstrate an example of how a traversal to the nanoscale can vastly improve the efficiency for producing important submicron particles. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Activates Calcium Channels in Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes (1995)

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a potent mitogen for many cell lineages including fetal cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, bFGF has been shown to modify gene expression, in vitro, in adult nonproliferative ventricular myocytes. This effect is suspected to be partly responsible for the genetic modifications that occur in vivo under pathophysiological conditions such as ischemia or pressure overload and that lead to myocardial hypertrophy. However, little is known about the first steps of the molecular mechanisms that take place soon after cell activation by bFGF. In this study, using biochemical and electrophysiological approaches, we have established, on cardiomyocytes cultured from neonatal rat ventricles, that (i) differentiated beating cells express at least two classes of bFGF-receptors having high and low affinity (Kd = 10 +/- 2 pM and 1 +/- 0.5 nM); (ii) the stimulation of these bFGF receptors promotes an increase in the beating frequencies of cultured cardiomyocytes (40 +/- 10%); (iii) bFGF provokes the activation of poorly specific and voltage-independent calcium channels (12pS); (iv) inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate enhances similar bFGF-induced Ca2+ currents and is therefore suspected to be a second messenger triggering this activation. These results support the presence, in cultured cardiomyocytes, of new calcium channels whose activation after bFGF binding may be partly responsible for the cell response to this growth factor.
Diagnostic use of recombinant human thyrotropin in patients with thyroid carcinoma (phase I/II study). (1994)

Current diagnostic studies [radioiodine uptake and serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels] for residual or metastatic thyroid tissue in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma require a hypothyroid status necessary for adequate endogenous TSH stimulation. However, almost all patients have symptoms of clinical hypothyroidism during this period. As shown in the present study, recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) allows stimulation of 131I uptake and Tg release from residual thyroid tissue in euthyroid patients. To assess safety, dosage, and preliminary efficacy, comparison was made of the stimulation of 131I uptake and Tg release after rhTSH administration and after T3 withdrawal in 19 patients after a recent thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Various doses (10-40 U) of rhTSH were injected im for 1-3 days in patients receiving suppressive doses of T3. Twenty-four hours after the last dose of rhTSH, 1-2 mCi 131I were administered, followed by a neck and whole body scan 48 h later. After discontinuing T3 for a median period of 19 days (range, 15-28), endogenous serum TSH levels were markedly elevated, and the patients were given a second dose of 131I and rescanned 48 h later. The injections of rhTSH were tolerated well. No major adverse effects were reported; nausea was reported in 3 (16%) and vomiting in 1 of the patients treated with high doses. The quality of life, as measured by two psychometric scales, was far better during rhTSH treatment than after T3 withdrawal. The peak levels of serum TSH (mean +/- SD) after a single dose of 10, 20, or 30 U were 127 +/- 19, 309 +/- 156, and 510 +/- 156 mU/L, respectively, and occurred 2-8 h after injection. Twenty-four hours after the injection, TSH levels decreased to 83 +/- 31, 173 +/- 73, and 463 +/- 148 mU/L in these treatment groups, respectively. The quality of the thyroid scans and the number of sites of abnormal 131I uptake were similar after rhTSH treatment and in the hypothyroid scans in 12 (63%) patients. Two additional sites of uptake in the chest and one in the thyroid bed, not visible on the hypothyroid scans, were identified in 3 (16%) patients after rhTSH. In 1 patient a focus of uptake was better visualized after rhTSH than after withdrawal. In 3 (16%) other patients, 1 lesion in the chest and 2 in the neck were seen only after T3 withdrawal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Synthesis and testing of chromogenic phenoxazinone substrates for β-alanyl aminopeptidase (2008)

Novel 7-N-(beta-alanyl)aminophenoxazin-3-one salts 27a-d have been synthesized and tested as chromogenic substrates for beta-alanyl aminopeptidase, which is present in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the most common respiratory pathogen in patients with cystic fibrosis. The biological results show that 7-N-(beta-alanyl)amino-1-pentylphenoxazin-3-one trifluoroacetate salt 27a is a chromogenic substrate for this bacterium, with a low degree of diffusion in nutrient media for growing bacterial cultures and a bright red colour, making it easily distinguishable from the agar background.
An instruction-level fine-grained recovery approach for soft errors (2013)

With the continuously progress of integrated circuits, the dependability of computing, caused by soft errors, has become a growing design concern. For mitigating the effects of soft errors, software-based fault tolerance techniques are attractive because of their low costs and flexibility. But current researches mostly focus on error detection, and available error recovery methods generally provoke significant memory overhead and performance degradation, which will be prohibitively high for low-end systems. In this paper, we present an instruction-level fine-grained recovery approach named FASER, to detect and correct soft errors with minimal costs. The liveness of registers are firstly analyzed through the assembly code of the target program. Based on SWIFT, an instruction-level error detecting method, FASER presents the concrete implementation of checkpoint and recovery process at the granularity of storeless basic blocks. And we also propose several optimization measures for improving performance. The experimental results indicate that averagely 99.41% detected errors are successfully recovered by FASER. And on the basis of error detection, only additional 5.38% performance overhead is introduced, which is very low comparing with available methods.
PLANAR INTERCHANGEABLE 2-TERMINAL ROUTING (1995)

this paper, we unify these different problems as instances of the Planar Interchangeable 2-Terminal Routing (PI2TR) problem. We formulate the problem as flows in a routing network. Secondly, we show that PI2TR is NP-complete by reduction from satisfiability. Finally, we show experimental evidence that a simple min-cost flow heuristic considering only the most important cuts in the design can quickly produce routable results in most practical cases. The flow formulation can be generalized to multiple layers with no additional vias. Keywords: package routing, planar routing, routability, network flow, exchangeable pins 1. Introduction 1 Figure 1: An unrouted example of routing with exchangeable pins. Each pad in the center must be connected to one pad on the edge connector. 1 Introduction In this paper we explore the problem of routing with the freedom of exchangeable pins. For example, in Ball Grid Array (BGA) or Pin Grid Array (PGA) package design, we often wish to connect each chip pad to a single package pin, but we may not always care which pad is connected to which pin. This same type of problem also occurs in the design of test fixtures, footprint escape patterns, and to some extent in routing signals inside an ASIC to one of the available pads on the periphery. Figure 1 shows a typical problem instance before routing. We want to connect all pads in set A to set B while avoiding all obstacles. We do not care which pin in B a pad is connected as long as there is some pin. Conventional routers cannot address these problems because they require the user to generate 2 1. Introduction
Reversal of multidrug resistance by synthetic isoprenoids in the KB human cancer cell line. (1986)

A colchicine resistant clone, Chr-24, derived from the human carcinoma KB cell line is extensively resistant to multiple drugs including vinblastine, vincristine, Adriamycin, actinomycin D, and daunomycin. In comparison with KB cells, very low accumulation of daunomycin or vincristine is observed in multidrug-resistant cells. Two isoprenoids with 9 to 10 isoprene chains (polyprenoids), N-(p-methylbenzyl)decaprenylamine and N-solanesyl-N,N'-bis(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)ethylenediamine overcame the multidrug resistance almost completely in cultured Chr-24, whereas they only slightly sensitized the parental KB cells to anticancer agents. Both isoprenoids enhance the accumulation of vincristine or daunomycin in Chr-24, possibly by inhibiting efflux and also by enhancing influx of anticancer agents. A verapamil-like structure of N-solanesyl-N,N'-bis(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)ethylenediamine is discussed in relation to its ability to overcome drug resistance.
Selective enrichment of hypericin in malignant glioma: Pioneering in vivo results (2011)

Malignant gliomas are diffuse infiltrative growing tumors with a poor prognosis despite treatment with a combination of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. It has been shown recently that complete tumor resection improves the survival time significantly. Hypericin, a component of St. Johns Wort, is one of the most powerful photosensitizers in nature. The aim of the present study was to investigate accumulation of hypericin in intracerebral implanted malignant glioma in vivo. Rats underwent stereotactic implantation of C6 glioma cells. After intravenous administration of hypericin (5 mg per kg body weight), accumulation of the compound was studied in tumor, the infiltration zone surrounding the tumor and healthy brain (contralateral hemisphere) by fluorescence microscopy between 0 and 48 h after injection. Results were compared by one-way analysis of variance. For post hoc pair-wise comparison the Tukey-Kramer HSD test was used. Accumulation of hypericin was significantly higher in C6 glioma as compared to normal tissue. Maximum hypericin uptake was achieved at 24 h after injection. Ratios of fluorescence intensity between tumor and normal tissue as well as infiltration zone and normal tissue of about 6.1:1 and 1.4:1 were found. Considering tissue auto-fluorescence, fluorescence ratios of about 19.8:1 and 2.5:1 were calculated, respectively. Therefore, hypericin seems to be quite an effective fluorescence marker for the detection of glioma in vivo. To the best of our knowledge, the present study demonstrates for the first time that hypericin accumulates selectively in intracerebral implanted C6 glioma in vivo after systemic (intravenous) administration.