gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
How to efficiently capture on-chip inductance effects: introducing a new circuit element K (2000)

On-chip inductance extraction and analysis is becoming increasing critical. Inductance extraction can be difficult, cumbersome and impractical on large designs as inductance depends on the current return path -- which is typically unknown prior to extracting and simulating the circuit model. In this paper, we propose a new circuit element, K, to model inductance effects, at the same time being easier to extract and analyze. K is defined as inverse of partial inductance matrix L, and has locality and sparsity normally associated with a capacitance matrix. We propose to capture inductance effects by directly extracting and simulating K, instead of partial inductance, leading to much more efficient procedure which is amenable to full chip extraction. This proposed approach has been verified through several simulation results.
Design of Potent, Orally Available Antagonists of the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1. Structure−Activity Relationships of 2-Piperazin-1-yl-1H-benzimidazoles (2006)

The vanilloid receptor-1 (VR1 or TRPV1) is a membrane-bound, nonselective cation channel that is predominantly expressed by peripheral neurons sensing painful stimuli. TRPV1 antagonists produce antihyperalgesic effects in animal models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Herein, we describe the synthesis and the structure-activity relationships of a series of 2-(4-pyridin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazoles as novel TRPV1 antagonists. Compound 46ad was among the most potent analogues in this series. This compound was orally bioavailable in rats and was efficacious in blocking capsaicin-induced flinch in rats in a dose-dependent manner. Compound 46ad also reversed thermal hyperalgesia in a model of inflammatory pain, which was induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA).
β‐Thymosins (2007)

The development of thymosin beta(4) from a thymic hormone to an actin-sequestering peptide and back to a cytokine supporting wound healing will be outlined. Thymosin fraction 5 consists of a mixture of polypeptides and improves immune response. Starting with fraction 5, several main peptides (thymosin alpha(1), polypeptide beta(1), and thymosin beta(4)) were isolated and tested for biological activity. However, none of the isolated peptides were really thymic hormones. They are all biological important peptides with diverse functions. Polypeptide beta(1) is identical to ubiquitin truncated by two C-terminal glycine residues. Several peptides related to thymosin beta(4) were isolated and sequenced from various species. Large amounts of thymosin beta(4) were found in many cells. It was postulated that the beta-thymosins might have a general function. The identification of a biological function of thymosin beta(4) was tedious. In 1990, Dan Safer and his colleagues recognized that thymosin beta(4) sequesters G-actin. The dissociation constant of the complex in the micromolar range allows for fast binding and release of G-actin. beta-Thymosins are the main intracellular G-actin-sequestering peptides in most vertebrate cells. Thymosin beta(4) is unstructured but folds into a stable conformation on binding to G-actin. It is present in the nucleus as well as the cytoplasm and might be responsible for sequestering nuclear actin. Several biological effects are attributed to thymosin beta(4), oxidized thymosin beta(4), or to ac-SDKP possibly generated from thymosin beta(4). However, very little is known about molecular mechanisms mediating the effects attributed to extracellular beta-thymosins.
Strain-tunable magnetocrystalline anisotropy in epitaxialY3Fe5O12thin films (2014)

We demonstrate strain-tuning of magnetocrystalline anisotropy over a range of more than one thousand Gauss in epitaxial Y3Fe5O12 films of excellent crystalline quality grown on lattice-mismatched Y3Al5O12 substrates. Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements reveal a linear dependence of both out-of-plane and in-plane uniaxial anisotropy on the strain-induced tetragonal distortion of Y3Fe5O12. Importantly, we find the spin mixing conductance G_r determined from inverse spin Hall effect and FMR linewidth broadening remains large: G_r = 3.33 x 10^14 Ohm^-1m^-2 in Pt/Y3Fe5O12/Y3Al5O12 heterostructures, quite comparable to the value found in Pt/Y3Fe5O12 grown on lattice-matched Gd3Ga5O12 substrates.
Airavat: security and privacy for MapReduce (2010)

We present Airavat, a MapReduce-based system which provides strong security and privacy guarantees for distributed computations on sensitive data. Airavat is a novel integration of mandatory access control and differential privacy. Data providers control the security policy for their sensitive data, including a mathematical bound on potential privacy violations. Users without security expertise can perform computations on the data, but Airavat confines these computations, preventing information leakage beyond the data provider's policy.Our prototype implementation demonstrates the flexibility of Airavat on several case studies. The prototype is efficient, with run times on Amazon's cloud computing infrastructure within 32% of a MapReduce system with no security.
Microfluidic high-throughput encapsulation and hydrodynamic self-sorting of single cells (2008)

We present a purely hydrodynamic method for the high-throughput encapsulation of single cells into picoliter droplets, and spontaneous self-sorting of these droplets. Encapsulation uses a cell-triggered Rayleigh-Plateau instability in a flow-focusing geometry, and self-sorting puts to work two extra hydrodynamic mechanisms: lateral drift of deformable objects in a shear flow, and sterically driven dispersion in a compressional flow. Encapsulation and sorting are achieved on-flight in continuous flow at a rate up to 160 cells per second. The whole process is robust and cost-effective, involving no optical or electrical discrimination, active sorting, flow switching, or moving parts. Successful encapsulation and sorting of 70-80% of the injected cell population into drops containing one and only one cell, with <1% contamination by empty droplets, is demonstrated. The system is also applied to the direct encapsulation and sorting of cancerous lymphocytes from a whole blood mixture, yielding individually encapsulated cancer cells with a >10,000-fold enrichment as compared with the initial mix. The method can be implemented in simple "soft lithography" chips, allowing for easy downstream coupling with microfluidic cell biology or molecular biology protocols.
Celecoxib sodium salt: engineering crystal forms for performance (2010)

Crystalline hydrates and propylene glycol solvates of celecoxib sodium salt (Cel-Na) were prepared and characterized with the aim of improving oral drug absorption by breaking up the H-bonding interactions present in crystals of the poorly soluble marketed form of the drug (Cel-III). The hydrate grows rapidly from aqueous alkaline solution, forming a thick slurry of thin plates. Thicker plates for structure determination were successfully grown by adding up to 1% benzyl alcohol to the solution. The structure of the pentahydrate of the sodium salt is comprised of a bilayer motif where three waters are coordinated to sodium ions in a discrete layer, while the other two waters reside in a one-dimensional channel. At a given temperature, the hydration state changes rapidly and reversibly as a function of relative humidity (RH). The hydrated salt is physically stable in a sealed vial, but reverts rapidly to the crystalline free base if exposed to ambient CO2 in air at 40% RH or higher. The propylene glycol (PG) solvate of Cel-Na exists in an anhydrous and trihydrate form. The trihydrated PG solvate of Cel-Na is physically stable above ∼15% RH and does not react measurably with CO2 at 66% RH over 4 days, making it the most suitable form for use in solid pharmaceutical formulations.
Bionic ankle–foot prosthesis normalizes walking gait for persons with leg amputation (2011)

Over time, leg prostheses have improved in design, but have been incapable of actively adapting to different walking velocities in a manner comparable to a biological limb. People with a leg amputation using such commercially available passive-elastic prostheses require significantly more metabolic energy to walk at the same velocities, prefer to walk slower and have abnormal biomechanics compared with non-amputees. A bionic prosthesis has been developed that emulates the function of a biological ankle during level-ground walking, specifically providing the net positive work required for a range of walking velocities. We compared metabolic energy costs, preferred velocities and biomechanical patterns of seven people with a unilateral transtibial amputation using the bionic prosthesis and using their own passive-elastic prosthesis to those of seven non-amputees during level-ground walking. Compared with using a passive-elastic prosthesis, using the bionic prosthesis decreased metabolic cost by 8 per cent, increased trailing prosthetic leg mechanical work by 57 per cent and decreased the leading biological leg mechanical work by 10 per cent, on average, across walking velocities of 0.75-1.75 m s(-1) and increased preferred walking velocity by 23 per cent. Using the bionic prosthesis resulted in metabolic energy costs, preferred walking velocities and biomechanical patterns that were not significantly different from people without an amputation.
Stabilization of neurotoxic Alzheimer amyloid-β oligomers by protein engineering (2010)

Soluble oligomeric aggregates of the amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the conformation adopted by Abeta within these aggregates is not known, a beta-hairpin conformation is known to be accessible to monomeric Abeta. Here we show that this beta-hairpin is a building block of toxic Abeta oligomers by engineering a double-cysteine mutant (called Abetacc) in which the beta-hairpin is stabilized by an intramolecular disulfide bond. Abeta(40)cc and Abeta(42)cc both spontaneously form stable oligomeric species with distinct molecular weights and secondary-structure content, but both are unable to convert into amyloid fibrils. Biochemical and biophysical experiments and assays with conformation-specific antibodies used to detect Abeta aggregates in vivo indicate that the wild-type oligomer structure is preserved and stabilized in Abetacc oligomers. Stable oligomers are expected to become highly toxic and, accordingly, we find that beta-sheet-containing Abeta(42)cc oligomers or protofibrillar species formed by these oligomers are 50 times more potent inducers of neuronal apoptosis than amyloid fibrils or samples of monomeric wild-type Abeta(42), in which toxic aggregates are only transiently formed. The possibility of obtaining completely stable and physiologically relevant neurotoxic Abeta oligomer preparations will facilitate studies of their structure and role in the pathogenesis of AD. For example, here we show how kinetic partitioning into different aggregation pathways can explain why Abeta(42) is more toxic than the shorter Abeta(40), and why certain inherited mutations are linked to protofibril formation and early-onset AD.
Modeling path diversity for multiple description video communication (2002)

The use of multiple description (MD) video coding and path diversity has been proposed to provide improved performance over lossy packet networks [1]. The goal of this work was to develop models to accurately and quickly predict and compare the distortion of MD video coding and path diversity against conventional single description (SD) video delivered over a single path. In the process, we developed (1) a model for the loss process of a two-path path diversity system, and (2) a distortion model that maps the loss model to MD distortion values. Given these models we present a number of comparisons between MD video coding and path diversity and conventional SD video over a single path. The proposed model for path diversity may also be useful in other applications not related to MD coding. Furthermore, other forms of MD coding may be analyzed using similar models for MD distortion.
Fabrication of artificial Lotus leaves and significance of hierarchical structure for superhydrophobicity and low adhesion (2009)

The superhydrophobic and self-cleaning leaves of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, Gaertn.) have been used as a model for the development of artificial biomimetic surfaces. The hierarchical structure of the Lotus leaf has been recreated to characterize the influence of hierarchical roughness on superhydrophobicity and adhesion. Hierarchical structures were fabricated by a fast and precise molding of the Lotus leaf microstructure, and self-assembly of the natural Lotus wax deposited by thermal evaporation to create the wax tubules nanostructures. Tubule formation was initiated by exposure of the specimens to a solvent vapor phase at a selected temperature. In order to study the influence of structures at different scale sizes on superhydrophobicity, a flat surface, microstructured Lotus leaf replica and a micropatterned Si replica, and a nanostructure were fabricated. Static contact angle, contact angle hysteresis, tilt angle and adhesive forces were measured. The data show that microstructures and nanostructures lead to superhydrophobicity, whereas hierarchical structures further improve this property and show low contact angle hysteresis, superior to that of the natural Lotus leaves.
Blast Injuries Linked to Neurodegeneration in Veterans (2012)

A study reported this week in Science Translational Medicine of autopsies of four veterans of recent conflicts has found features of the same neurodegenerative disease reported previously in athletes.
Patient-Specific Modeling and Quantification of the Aortic and Mitral Valves From 4-D Cardiac CT and TEE (2010)

As decisions in cardiology increasingly rely on noninvasive methods, fast and precise image processing tools have become a crucial component of the analysis workflow. To the best of our knowledge, we propose the first automatic system for patient-specific modeling and quantification of the left heart valves, which operates on cardiac computed tomography (CT) and transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) data. Robust algorithms, based on recent advances in discriminative learning, are used to estimate patient-specific parameters from sequences of volumes covering an entire cardiac cycle. A novel physiological model of the aortic and mitral valves is introduced, which captures complex morphologic, dynamic, and pathologic variations. This holistic representation is hierarchically defined on three abstraction levels: global location and rigid motion model, nonrigid landmark motion model, and comprehensive aortic-mitral model. First we compute the rough location and cardiac motion applying marginal space learning. The rapid and complex motion of the valves, represented by anatomical landmarks, is estimated using a novel trajectory spectrum learning algorithm. The obtained landmark model guides the fitting of the full physiological valve model, which is locally refined through learned boundary detectors. Measurements efficiently computed from the aortic-mitral representation support an effective morphological and functional clinical evaluation. Extensive experiments on a heterogeneous data set, cumulated to 1516 TEE volumes from 65 4-D TEE sequences and 690 cardiac CT volumes from 69 4-D CT sequences, demonstrated a speed of 4.8 seconds per volume and average accuracy of 1.45 mm with respect to expert defined ground-truth. Additional clinical validations prove the quantification precision to be in the range of inter-user variability. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time a patient-specific model of the aortic and mitral valves is automatically estimated from volumetric sequences.
Transesterification in situ of sunflower seed oil (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransesterification in situ of sunflower seed oilKevin J. Harrington and Catherine D'Arcy-EvansCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1985, 24, 2, 314–318Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i300018a027https://doi.org/10.1021/i300018a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views866Altmetric-Citations101LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Six important themes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) research, 1999 (2000)

My assignment was to identify the 6 most important ALS papers published in 1999 but, great to relate, there were too many excellent candidates. Rather than confining the search to individual papers, six major themes seemed appropriate for discussion: 1) The study of transgenic mice that carry a mutated human gene for superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) has led to many far-reaching advances in ALS research. The mice are regarded as the best test system to evaluate potential therapies, including creatine. Inconsistencies between efficacy in mice and people are noted, however. 2) Transgenic mice have also been used to evaluate the role of glutamate toxicity in the pathogenesis of ALS, a dominant theory. 3) The role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of ALS is gathering increasing attention. 4) The role of neurofilaments in the pathogenesis of ALS has provided new twists in mice and people. 5) Motor neuropathy is the most important differential diagnosis of ALS. 6) Gene therapy, as exemplified by the use of stem cells, has been applied successfully to animal models of other inherited diseases of the central nervous system.
Antigenic structure of poliovirus in inactivated vaccines (1993)

The reactivity of D antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies with infectious virus and inactivated virus in commercial poliovaccines from two manufacturers was examined in capture enzyme immunoassays. Epitopes on inactivated poliovirus types 2 and 3 in vaccines were modified by the inactivation process to such an extent that some monoclonal antibodies which bound to the homologous infectious virus strain failed to bind to the inactivated virus in the vaccine. This was especially the case for antibodies specific for site 1, which elicits the major immune response to these serotypes in mice. Other epitopes were partially destroyed resulting in a reduction in reactivity of monoclonal antibodies with inactivated virus in vaccines compared to infectious virus. These studies indicate that inactivated virus in vaccine differs antigenically from native virus so that measuring the potency of vaccine in assays in vitro may require careful selection of an appropriate antibody. In addition it is possible that some of the antibodies produced by recipients of formalin-inactivated polioviruses may not contribute to the protective immune response.
Conceptual Approaches to Modulating Antibody Effector Functions and Circulation Half-Life (2019)

Antibodies and Fc-fusion antibody-like proteins have become successful biologics developed for cancer treatment, passive immunity against infection, addiction, and autoimmune diseases. In general these biopharmaceuticals can be used for blocking protein:protein interactions, crosslinking host receptors to induce signaling, recruiting effector cells to targets, and fixing complement. With the vast capability of antibodies to affect infectious and genetic diseases much effort has been placed on improving and tailoring antibodies for specific functions. While antibody:antigen engagement is critical for an efficacious antibody biologic, equally as important are the hinge and constant domains of the heavy chain. It is the hinge and constant domains of the antibody that engage host receptors or complement protein to mediate a myriad of effector functions and regulate antibody circulation. Molecular and structural studies have provided insight into how the hinge and constant domains from antibodies across different species, isotypes, subclasses, and alleles are recognized by host cell receptors and complement protein C1q. The molecular details of these interactions have led to manipulation of the sequences and glycosylation of hinge and constant domains to enhance or reduce antibody effector functions and circulating half-life. This review will describe the concepts being applied to optimize the hinge and crystallizable fragment of antibodies, and it will detail how these interactions can be tuned up or down to mediate a biological function that confers a desired disease outcome.
Allelotype analysis of cervical carcinoma. (1994)

To identify the genetic events which may play a role in the development of cervical carcinoma, we performed a detailed allelotype analysis utilizing DNA from 53 primary tumors and corresponding normal cells and 57 polymorphic probes mapped to each of the chromosomal arms, excluding the short arms of the acrocentric chromosomes. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of > 25% was observed at sites on 11 chromosomal arms, which included 1q (26%), 3p (35%), 3q (31%), 4q (46%), 5p (53%), 5q (38%), 6p (28%), 10q (28%), 11p (42%), 18p (38%), and Xq (26%). The most frequent LOH was noted on 4q (ADH3) and 5p (D5S19), suggesting that loss of candidate tumor suppressor genes on these chromosomal arms may play a role in the development of cervical carcinoma. The two sites of deletions identified on 5p and Xq represent novel candidate tumor suppressor gene sites which have so far not been reported in any other tumor type. Human papilloma virus status did not correlate with any of the sites which showed frequent LOH. TP53 mutation analysis by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis was performed in 17 tumors that either showed 17p deletions (TP53, D17S5, or D17S28) or were human papilloma virus negative. One of the 7 human papilloma virus-negative tumors, which also showed LOH at the D17S28 locus, had a mutation in exon 5. This study represents the first comprehensive genetic analysis of this cancer and identifies several novel features of significance to genetic etiology of cervical carcinoma.
WSN06-3: Improving Two-Way Ranging Precision with Phase-offset Measurements (2006)

Two-way ranging (TWR) based on time-of-arrival (TOA) provides a viable ranging solution that does not necessitate clock synchronization among the devices in an ad-hoc network. However, the accuracy of TOA-based solutions suffer from the finite sampling clock-frequency resolution. This paper introduces a novel technique of improving the accuracy of TWR using additional phase-offset ranging measurements. These additional ranging measurements are performed at n/N, n = 1, ... , N - 1 clock-period phase-offsets introduced in the device that initiates the ranging measurement. It has been analytically shown that the appropriate use of the differences between the time of arrival (in clock cycles) estimated without and with n/N, n = 1, ... , N - 1 clock-period phase-offset reduces the sampling-clock uncertainty due to the finite resolution of the clock. The improved performance obtained is equivalent to the use of N times higher sampling clock frequency. Our analytical results are further corroborated by simulations.