gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Muscular subaortic stenosis: the initial left ventricular inflow tract pressure as evidence of outflow tract obstruction. (1966)

Two types of intraventricular pressure differences within the left ventricle of man are described. The first is encountered in cases of muscular (or fibrous) subaortic stenosis, in which the outflow tract pressure distal to the stenosis (and proximal to the aortic valve) is low, whereas all pressures recorded in the left ventricle proximal to the stenosis, including that just inside the mitral valve (the initial inflow tract pressure) are high.The second type of intraventricular pressure difference may be recorded in patients without muscular subaortic stenosis when a heart catheter is advanced to the left ventricular wall in such a manner that it becomes imbedded or entrapped by cardiac muscle in systole. Such an entrapped catheter records a high intraventricular pressure that is believed to reflect intramyocardial tissue pressure, which normally exceeds intracavitary pressure. In such cases the initial inflow tract pressure is not high and is precisely equal to the outflow tract systolic pressure, i.e. both are recording intracavity pressure. This type of intramyocardial to intracavitary pressure difference may also be encountered in the left ventricle of dogs.The recent suggestion that intraventricular pressure differences in the left ventricle of cases of muscular subaortic stenosis are due to catheter entrapment by cardiac muscle is refuted by using the initial inflow tract pressure as the means of differentiation between the two types of intraventricular pressure differences outlined.
Detecting binocular half-occlusions: empirical comparisons of five approaches (2002)

Binocular half-occlusion points are those that are visible in one of the two views provided by a binocular imaging system. Due to their importance in binocular matching as well as, subsequent interpretation tasks, a number of approaches have been developed for dealing with such points. In the current paper, we consider five methods that explicitly detect half-occlusions and report on a more uniform comparison than has previously been performed. Taking a disparity image and its associated match goodness image as input, we generate images that show the half-occluded points in the underlying scene. We quantitatively and qualitatively compare these methods under a variety of conditions.
Expression of HRF20, a regulatory molecule of complement activation, on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (1990)

HRF20 is a homologous restriction factor of 20,000 MW that prevents cells from membrane attack by homologous complement. HRF20 has been identified by a monoclonal antibody (mAb), 1F5, and is one of the phosphatidylinositol(PI)-anchored cell-surface glycoproteins. We analysed the distribution of HRF20 expressed on subsets of peripheral blood lymphocytes using 1F5. HRF20 is expressed in relatively large amounts on T cells. In contrast, adherent cells possess smaller amounts of HRF20 while having large quantities of decay-accelerating factor (DAF). Although DAF was shown to be deficient or present at rather low levels on NK cells, HRF20 was detected in 95% of large granular lymphocytes (LGL), as described by FACS analysis. We also determined the effect of 1F5 on both mononuclear leucocytes and T cells in terms of their growth response. The results show that 1F5 induces T-cell proliferation when cells are stimulated with interleukin-2 (IL-2). In addition, induction of proliferation is facilitated by cross-linking 1F5 with a second antibody. These results suggest that HRF20 expressed on T cells not only protects them from cytotoxic attack by homologous complement, but also may initiate intracellular signals leading to cell activation when they happen to be cross-linked.
Adaptive complex interpolator for channel estimation in pilot-aided OFDM system (2013)

In an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system, conventional interpolation techniques cannot correctly balance performance and overhead when estimating dynamic long-delay channels in single frequency networks (SFNs). In this study, classical filter analysis and design methods are employed to derive a complex interpolator for maximizing the resistible echo delay in a channel estimator on the basis of the correlation between frequency domain interpolating and time domain windowing. The coefficient computation of the complex interpolator requires a key parameter, i.e., channel length, which is obtained in the frequency domain with a tentative estimation scheme having low implementation complexity. The proposed complex adaptive interpolator is verified in a simulated digital video broadcasting for terrestrial/handheld receiver. The simulation results indicate that the designed channel estimator can not only handle SFN echoes with more than 200 μs delay but also achieve a bit-error rate performance close to the optimum minimum mean square error method, which significantly outperforms conventional channel estimation methods, while preserving a low implementation cost in a short-delay channel.
Id2 and Id3 Define the Potency of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation Responses to Transforming Growth Factor β and Bone Morphogenetic Protein (2004)

Transforming growth factors beta (TGF-betas) inhibit growth of epithelial cells and induce differentiation changes, such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). On the other hand, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) weakly affect epithelial cell growth and do not induce EMT. Smad4 transmits signals from both TGF-beta and BMP pathways. Stimulation of Smad4-deficient epithelial cells with TGF-beta 1 or BMP-7 in the absence or presence of exogenous Smad4, followed by cDNA microarray analysis, revealed 173 mostly Smad4-dependent, TGF-beta-, or BMP-responsive genes. Among 25 genes coregulated by both factors, inhibitors of differentiation Id2 and Id3 showed long-term repression by TGF-beta and sustained induction by BMP. The opposing regulation of Id genes is critical for proliferative and differentiation responses. Hence, ectopic Id2 or Id3 expression renders epithelial cells refractory to growth inhibition and EMT induced by TGF-beta, phenocopying the BMP response. Knockdown of endogenous Id2 or Id3 sensitizes epithelial cells to BMP, leading to robust growth inhibition and induction of transdifferentiation. Thus, Id genes sense Smad signals and create a permissive or refractory nuclear environment that defines decisions of cell fate and proliferation.
Coexpression of the c-kit receptor and the stem cell factor in gynecological tumors. (1994)

The protooncogene c-kit encodes a transmembrane receptor-type tyrosine kinase which belongs to the beta-PDGER/CSF-1 receptor tyrosine kinase family. The interaction between c-kit receptor and its corresponding ligand, stem cell factor (SCF), has been suggested to be involved in embryogenesis as well as carcinogenesis via the autocrine/paracrine system. In the present study, cancer cell lines and normal/benign/malignant tissues of the human female genital tract were examined for the expression of both c-kit and SCF by Northern blot and immunohistochemical analyses. Two of 16 cell lines showed mRNA expression of both c-kit and SCF, while 2 and 12 cell lines expressed c-kit and SCF, respectively. In tissues, several cases of malignant tumors, including three cervical cancers, one ovarian cancer, and one ovarian immature teratoma, expressed mRNA of both c-kit and SCF. In normal tissues, squamous epithelium expressed SCF immunohistochemically, while c-kit protein was detected only in melanocytes. Some tissues of malignant tumors, one squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, two small cell carcinomas of the cervix, two serous adenocarcinomas of the ovary, and two immature teratomas of the ovary, expressed both c-kit and SCF proteins immunohistochemically. It is also notable that c-kit protein was expressed only in malignant germ cells of dysgerminomas, while SCF was expressed in the connective tissues surrounding germ cells. The present study suggests that the c-kit/SCF system may play an important role in the carcinogenesis of the female genital tract.
GeoMechanics Field Characterization of the Two Prolific U.S. Mid-West Gas Plays With Advanced Wire-Line Logging Tools (2009)

Abstract Woodford shale has recently emerged as a potential gas play in the U.S. Mid-continent, following in the footsteps of the Barnett shale. Profitable production from these formations relies on the success of horizontal well drilling and hydraulic fracturing design, which in turn depends greatly on knowledge about rock formation anisotropic elastic properties and pore pressure coefficients (poroelastic properties). In this paper, a suite of recently developed wire-line logs such as the Element Capture Spectroscopy (ECS) log, Sonic Scanner log, and porosity logs, were run on the Woodford and Barnett formations. The results were utilized to estimate the anisotropic elastic and poroelastic properties of these gas shale formations using the GeoGenome™ model, a theoretical upscaling model backed up with unique laboratory testing on field retrieved preserved shale samples at a scale that has never before been investigated; that is, observing mechanics from displacements as small as 100 nm to 100 μm, and maximum applied forces not even reaching 1000 μN. Comparison between laboratory Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity measured data, Sonic Scanner log data, and simulated data has shown excellent agreement, and thus confirmed the reliability of the GeoGenome upscaling model in obtaining shale anisotropic mechanical properties of which some parameters cannot be obtained even with the most advanced sonic log. In addition, a new technique was developed using nano-indentation to extract the Woodford shale mechanical and strength properties from drill-cuttings. The measured stiffnesses and compressibility on Woodford shale drill-cuttings-size chips have shown great potential for full mechanical characterization of rocks from just the drill-cuttings, which until recently were regarded as having little value for rock mechanical characterization besides some existing simple empirical correlations. This new shale testing technique will undoubtedly help the industry to significantly reduce the overhead associated with full core retrievals at great depths.
A single amino acid near the C terminus of the synaptosomeassociated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) is essential for exocytosis in chromaffin cells (1999)

Amperometry in chromaffin cells expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) have been used to test the involvement of single amino acids in exocytotic function, overcoming some of the limitations of studies based on Botulinum neurotoxin cleavage, as this occurs at defined sites of the protein. Constructs containing either the whole SNAP-25 polypeptide or several deleted forms lacking its C-terminal domain were heavily overexpressed in transfected cells. All GFP-fusions were located in both the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane. Although a construct containing complete SNAP-25 sustained normal secretion, removal of four or more amino acids of its C terminus greatly altered the overall rate and extent of exocytosis. Further mutational analysis proved that Leu203, the fourth residue from the C terminus, is critical for secretion. Kinetics of single granule fusions from cells expressing truncated forms showed slow onset and decay times when compared with control cells expressing full SNAP-25. Thus, these data provide direct evidence for the involvement of a specific residue of SNAP-25 in exocytosis and show that overexpression of GFP-SNAP contructs combined with single vesicle fusion measurements constitutes a powerful approach to dissect the structural elements playing a role in individual steps of the exocytotic cascade.
Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension Among United States Adults 1999–2004 (2006)

Detection of hypertension and blood pressure control are critically important for reducing the risk of heart attacks and strokes. We analyzed the trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the United States in the period 1999-2004. We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004 database. Blood pressure information on 14 653 individuals (4749 in 1999-2000, 5032 in 2001-2002, and 4872 in 2003-2004) aged >or=18 years was used. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure >or=140/90 mm Hg or taking antihypertensive medications. The prevalence of hypertension in 2003-2004 was 7.3+/-0.9%, 32.6+/-2.0%, and 66.3+/-1.8% in the 18 to 39, 40 to 59, and >or=60 age groups, respectively. The overall prevalence was 29.3%. When compared with 1999-2000, there were nonsignificant increases in the overall prevalence, awareness, and treatment rates of hypertension. The blood pressure control rate was 29.2+/-2.3% in 1999-2000 and 36.8+/-2.3% in 2003-2004. The age-adjusted increase in control rate was 8.1% (95% CI: 2.4 to 13.8%; P=0.006). The control rates increased significantly in both sexes, non-Hispanic blacks, and Mexican Americans. Among the >or=60 age group, the awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension had all increased significantly (P<or=0.01). The improvement in blood pressure control is encouraging, although the prevalence of hypertension has not declined.
<title>Quantitative phase imaging using hard x rays</title> (1997)

The quantitative imaging of phase object using 16 keV x-rays is reported. The theoretical basis of the techniques is presented along with its implementation using a synchrotron x-ray source. We find that our phase image is in quantitative agreement with independent measurements of the object.
Dynamic single-molecule force spectroscopy: bond rupture analysis with variable spacer length (2003)

Dynamic force spectroscopy is a valuable technique to explore the energy landscape of molecular interactions. Polymer spacers are typically used to couple the binding partners to the surfaces. To illustrate the impact of polymer spacers on the measured rupture force and loading rate distributions we used a Monte Carlo simulation, which was adjusted step by step towards realistic experimental conditions. We found that the introduction of a polymer spacer with a discrete length had only a marginal effect. However, a distribution of polymer spacers with different lengths may induce drastic changes on the distributions.
Enculturation into Engineering Professional Practice (2012)

The importance of communication skills for engineering professionals is widely acknowledged. Research in the authors’ group indicates that along with other cognitive and behavioral skills, employers of new engineering graduates place high value on communication skills. Here, the authors argue that becoming a professional engineer means entering in to a particular community of practice, one that communicates in a way that is specific to that community of practice. Engineers employ, consciously or sub-consciously, a variety of Vygotskyian psychological tools, and becoming an engineer necessitates new graduates understanding the nature and use of such tools within that community. Recent research in the authors’ group suggests students that engage in experiential learning as part of a work-integrated learning program in engineering are rapidly enculturated into the community of practice that forms the engineering community. This, it appears, occurs by means of legitimate peripheral participation in the community as these ‘newcomers’ work alongside practicing engineers in a form of cognitive apprenticeship. In doing so they gradually adopt mores of communication, eventually becoming legitimate, fully-participating members of the engineering community, and they developed a sense of belonging that is not easily achieved in conventional programs of study in higher education.
Device quality In0.4Ga0.6As grown on GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy (1990)

A novel approach to growing device quality In0.4Ga0.6As epilayers on GaAs is reported which involves the controlled propagation of dislocations via a carefully designed multistage strain-relief buffer system. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed the In0.4Ga0.6As epilayers to be threading dislocation free in contrast to the heavily dislocated material obtained by growing In0.4Ga0.6As directly on GaAs. Hall effect measurements performed on unintentionally doped buffered In0.4Ga0.6As epilayers indicated the room-temperature electron concentrations in the epilayers to be around 1×1015 cm−3 while electron mobilities were around 4700 cm2 V−1 s−1. In addition, strong band-edge photoluminescence was recorded from the buffered epilayers, the luminescence peak occurring at 1304 nm having a linewidth around 7 meV at 13 K.
Direct identification of palmitic acid as the lipid attached to p21ras. (1986)

p21v-H-ras, the transforming protein of Harvey murine sarcoma virus, contains a covalently attached lipid. Using thin-layer chromatography, we identified the acyl group as the 16-carbon saturated fatty acid palmitic acid. No myristic acid was detected in fatty acids released from in vivo-labeled p21v-H-ras. The p21v-K-ras protein encoded by Kirsten sarcoma virus was also palmitylated. The processing and acylation of p21v-K-ras however differed from that of p21v-H-ras. Three forms of [3H]palmitic acid-labeled p21ras proteins were detected in Kirsten sarcoma virus-transformed cells. This contrasted with Harvey sarcoma virus, in which two forms of p21v-H-ras contained palmitic acid. Analysis by partial proteolysis of p21v-H-ras labeled with [3H]palmitic acid suggested that all of the lipid found in intact p21v-H-ras was located in the C-terminal region. On sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, p21v-H-ras labeled with [3H]palmitic acid migrated slightly ahead of the majority of p21v-H-ras. Of the mature forms of p21v-H-ras, apparently only a subpopulation contains palmitic acid.
Ectopic Production of Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin by Neoplasms (1973)

The ectopic production of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) by nontrophoblastic neoplasms was investigated by a sensitive radioimmunoassay that specifically measures hCG in the presence of human luteinizing hormone. Of 828 patients with nontesticular neoplasms, 60 had detectable hCG. A high frequency of positive responses was found in patients with carcinomas of the stomach, liver, pancreas, and breast and with multiple myeloma and melanoma. The hCG secreted by tumors and hCG normally secreted by the human placenta were studied for similarity. Immunologic similarity was shown by parallel inhibition curves in the radioimmunoassay. Both native hCG and the hCG in plasma samples from patients with neoplasms had similar Sephadex G-100 elution patterns. In addition to similar immunologic and physical behavior, the hCG in plasma samples was biologically active. The frequency and types of tumors associated with hCG production are greater than has been previously appreciated.
A stable and efficient approach of Q reverse time migration (2018)

Amplitude energy attenuation and phase distortion of seismic waves caused by formation viscoelasticity reduce the resolution of reverse time migration (RTM) images. Q-RTM often is used to compensate the attenuation effects and improve the resolution of seismic imaging. However, serious high-frequency noise and tremendous amplitude will be produced during the wavefield extrapolation of Q-RTM, resulting in its inability to be imaged. Many Q-RTM algorithms solve the problem of instability through low-pass filtering in the wavenumber domain, but the method is less efficient in computation and has a truncation effect in the wavefield. We have developed a stable and efficient Q-RTM method, in which a regularization term was introduced into the viscoacoustic wave equation to suppress the high-frequency noise, and the finite-difference method was used to solve the viscoacoustic wave equation with a regularization term. We used the model example to visually demonstrate the instability of wavefield extrapolation in Q-RTM and compared the effect and computational efficiency of the two stabilization processing methods, low-pass filtering and regularization. Meanwhile, our method is not involved in solving the fractional derivatives by using the pseudo-spectral method, the computational efficiency also can be improved. We tested the Q-RTM approach on a simple layered model, Marmousi model, and real seismic data. The results of numerical examples demonstrated that the Q-RTM method can solve the problem of instability effectively and obtain a higher resolution image with lower computational cost.
Dopant electrical activity and majority-carrier mobility in B- and Sb-δ-doped Si thin films (1993)

The electrical characteristics of Si films grown by low-temperature molecular-beam epitaxy and doped with Sb or B in single or multiple \ensuremath{\delta}-like doping profiles have been investigated. Two-dimensional concentrations ranging from \ensuremath{\approxeq}${10}^{13}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$ to 5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{14}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$ have been realized. For single doping spikes Hall measurements indicate an apparent reduction in electrical activity to about 50%. This is linked to the confinement of the carriers in the potential well of the doping spike. The reduced electrical activity is not due to growth imperfections. The effect of the confinement on the Hall measurements can be reduced in \ensuremath{\delta}-doping superlattices, provided the distance between doping spikes is sufficiently small. For ${\mathit{N}}_{\mathrm{Sb}}^{2\mathrm{D}}$=${10}^{13}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$ the mobility in a \ensuremath{\delta}-doping superlattice drops exponentially as a function of inverse spike spacing until, at about 5 nm, a value close to the mobility in an equivalent, uniformly doped film (${\mathit{N}}_{\mathrm{Sb}}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{19}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$) is reached. Carrier mobilities in \ensuremath{\delta}-doped layers far exceed those of uniformly doped layers of equivalent concentration. Electron mobilities reach 400 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/V s for a sheet concentration of 1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{13}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$ and are still at \ensuremath{\approxeq}40 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/V s at ${\mathit{N}}_{\mathrm{Sb}}^{2\mathrm{D}}$=5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{14}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$. For p-type doping these numbers are 180 and 20 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/V s, respectively.
Chronic arthritis induced in rats by cell wall fragments of Eubacterium species from the human intestinal flora (1990)

To investigate arthritis-inducing properties of Eubacterium species, which are major residents of the human intestinal flora, cell wall fragments (CWF) of several Eubacterium strains were prepared and tested in an animal model. After a single intraperitoneal injection in the rat, CWF of E. aerofaciens, E. contortum, and E. lentum induced a chronic polyarthritis. E. limosum and E. tortuosum CWF induced an acute self-limiting joint inflammation, whereas E. rectale CWF failed to do so. The rhamnose contents of the isolated CWF were not related to their arthritis-inducing properties. Paradoxically, the sensitivity of CWF to lysozyme digestion, which is regarded as a parameter for the clearance of CWF in tissues, appeared to be positively correlated with the ability of Eubacterium CWF to induce chronic joint inflammation. Our findings show the diversity in arthritis-inducing properties among different species of the anaerobic genus Eubacterium and underline the importance of the anaerobic intestinal flora in the induction of joint inflammation.