gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An alternative preparation of the 2‐dimethylaminomethylene‐1,3‐bis(dimethylimmonio)propane salt from phosphonoacetic acids and some applications in heterocyclic synthesis (1991)

Abstract An alternative preparation of a 2‐iminovinamidinium salt from phosphonoacetic acids is described along with its application to the synthesis of 5‐formylpyrimidines and masked 4‐formylpyrazoles.
Bioconjugates of CdTe Nanowires and Au Nanoparticles:  Plasmon−Exciton Interactions, Luminescence Enhancement, and Collective Effects (2004)

Nanoscale superstructures made from CdTe nanowires (NWs) and metal nanoparticles (NPs) are prepared via bioconjugation reactions. Prototypical biomolecules, such as d-biotin and streptavidin pair, were utilized to connect NPs and NWs in solution. It was found that Au NPs form a dense shell around a CdTe NW. The superstructure demonstrated unusual optical effects related to the long-distance interaction of the semiconductor and noble metal nanocolloids. The NW−NP complex showed 5-fold enhancement of luminescence intensity and a blue shift of the emission peak as compared to unconjugated NW. The system was theoretically examined in a simple model of CdTe NW coaxially surrounded by an Au shell, which gives excellent agreement with experimental data. The combination of time-resolved luminescence and calculations demonstrated that increase of fluorescence intensity occurs due to stimulation of photon emission by an electromagnetic field generated around the Au NP. The process is reminiscent of SERS, although displaying smaller enhancement factors. Importantly, the luminescence enhancement should be treated as a collective response of Au−NPs, rather than a result of isolated NP−NW interactions.
Schizoaffective mania reconsidered (1987)

Schizoaffective mania refers to a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by mixtures of schizophrenic and manic (or bipolar) symptoms. Of the proposed diagnostic criteria, the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) most clearly distinguish relevant subgroups. Family, clinical, and treatment studies suggest that the RDC's mainly affective subtype of schizoaffective mania is a variant of psychotic bipolar disorder. Limited available data suggest that the mainly schizophrenic subtype has a poorer prognosis and includes cases more closely related to schizophrenia. Schizoaffective mania also overlaps with proposed categories such as reactive and cycloid psychosis. It is premature to assume that all schizoaffective manic disorder represents a bipolar variant. Further studies that differentiate patients according to subtype, drug response, and course are needed.
Karnofsky Memorial Lecture. The immunotherapy and gene therapy of cancer. (1992)

Article Tools Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1992.10.2.180 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 1732421 Karnofsky Memorial Lecture. The immunotherapy and gene therapy of cancer. S A RosenbergxS A RosenbergSearch for articles by this author Show More National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1992.10.2.180 First Page PDF © 1992 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
In vitro assembly of 30S and 70S bacterial ribosomes from 16S RNA containing single base substitutions, insertions, and deletions around the decoding site (C1400) (1989)

An in vitro system developed for the site-specific mutagenesis of 16S RNA of Escherichia coli ribosomes [Krzyzosiak et al. (1987) Biochemistry 26, 2353-2364] was used to make 10 single base changes around C1400, a residue known to be at the decoding site. C1400 was replaced by U, A, or G, five single base deletions at and to either side of C1400 were made, and C or U was inserted next to C1400. Another mutant possessed seven additional nucleotides at the 3' end of the 16S RNA such that a stem and loop involving the anti-Shine-Dalgarno sequence could form. Each of the mutant RNAs was reconstituted with a complete mixture of 30S proteins to yield 30S ribosomes. Modified in vitro reconstitution conditions were required to obtain assembly of all of the synthetic ribosomes. Quantitative HPLC analysis of the protein content of each mutant showed that all of the proteins were present. The ability of synthetic 30S to form 70S particles under functional assay conditions was about 75% that of natural 30S and was unchanged by any of the mutations except for the deletion of G1401, which decreased the association activity under the standard conditions to 35-40% of synthetic 30S. That part of the ribosomal P site which interacts with the anticodon loop of tRNA was investigated by near-UV (greater than 300 nm) induced cross-linking of AcVal-tRNA. Cross-linking depended on both 30S subunits and the correct codon. The cross-linking yield of all mutants with a pyrimidine at position 1400 was equal to control isolated 30S, and the first-order rate constants for cross-linking of those mutants tested were like reconstituted natural 30S. The site of cross-linking for mutants with a C or U insertion between C1400 and G1401 was shifted to the inserted residue. Cross-linking to the base 5' to G1401 rather than to the residue 3' to C1399 indicates that G1401 is an important structural determinant of the P site.
Conformational and topographical considerations in the design of biologically active peptides (1993)

An outline of the basic considerations that are under development for the rational design of biologically active peptides and peptidomimetics is given. The necessary interplay of biophysical, chemical, and biological considerations is emphasized. The importance of properly designed biological assays to provide chemical information analogous to that from biophysical studies is discussed. The development of asymmetric synthesis in conjunction with conformational considerations for the preparation of specialized amino acids and amino acid mimetics is a critical aspect of the approach. The overall approach is illustrated with three examples from our laboratory: (1) the redesign of somatostatin to a highly potent and selective mu-opioid receptor antagonist using conformational and topographical considerations in design and for obtaining insights into the pharmacophor; (2) the use of topographical considerations for obtaining oxytocin antagonists; and (3) the application of designer amino acids prepared by asymmetric synthesis to obtain insight into the topographical requirements at delta-opioid receptors.
Real-time humanoid motion generation through ZMP manipulation based on inverted pendulum control (2003)

A humanoid robot is expected to be a rational form of machine to act in the real human environment and support people through interaction with them. Current humanoid robots, however, lack in adaptability, agility, or high-mobility enough to meet the expectations. In order to enhance high-mobility, the humanoid motion should be generated in real-time in accordance with the dynamics, which commonly requires a large amount of computation and has not been implemented so far. We have developed a real-time motion generation method that controls the center of gravity (COG) by indirect manipulation of the zero moment point (ZMP). The real-time response of the method provides humanoid robots with high-mobility. In the paper, the algorithm is presented. It consists of four parts, namely, the referential ZMP planning, the ZMP manipulation, the COG velocity decomposition to joint angles, and local control of joint angles. An advantage of the algorithm lies in its applicability to humanoids with a lot of degrees of freedom. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by computer simulations.
A safe and convenient pseudovirus-based inhibition assay to detect neutralizing antibodies and screen for viral entry inhibitors against the novel human coronavirus MERS-CoV (2013)

Taken together, the established MERS-CoV inhibition assay is a safe and convenient pseudovirus-based alternative to BSL-3 live-virus restrictions and can be used to rapidly screen MERS-CoV entry inhibitors, as well as evaluate vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies against the highly pathogenic MERS-CoV.
Targeted Disruption of SPI3/Serpinb6 Does Not Result in Developmental or Growth Defects, Leukocyte Dysfunction, or Susceptibility to Stroke (2004)

Protease inhibitor 6 (PI-6/SERPINB6) is a widely expressed nucleocytoplasmic serpin. It inhibits granulocyte cathepsin G and neuronal neuropsin, and it is thought to protect cells from death caused by ectopic release or internalization of protease during stress such as infection or cerebral ischemia. To probe the biological functions of PI-6, we generated mice lacking its ortholog (SPI3/Serpinb6). SPI3-deficient mice developed normally and were fertile, and no abnormal pathology or increased sensitivity to cerebral ischemia was observed. There were no perturbations in leukocyte development or numbers, and recruitment of leukocytes to the peritoneal cavity was normal. SPI3-deficient mice were equally susceptible as wild-type mice to systemic Candida albicans infection, although there was a slight decrease in the ability of neutrophils from SPI3-deficient mice to kill C. albicans in vitro. Increased levels of a related inhibitor Serpinb1 (monocyte/neutrophil elastase inhibitor) in the tissues of targeted mice suggests that compensation by other serpins reduces the impact of SPI3 deficiency in these animals and may explain the lack of a more obvious phenotype.
Bulk Quantities of Single-Crystal Silicon Micro-/Nanoribbons Generated from Bulk Wafers (2006)

This Letter demonstrates a strategy for producing bulk quantities of high quality, dimensionally uniform single-crystal silicon micro- and nanoribbons from bulk silicon (111) wafers. The process uses etched trenches with controlled rippled structures defined on the sidewalls, together with angled evaporation of masking materials and anisotropic wet etching of the silicon, to produce multilayer stacks of ribbons with uniform thicknesses and lithographically defined lengths and widths, across the entire surface of the wafer. Ribbons with thicknesses between tens and hundreds of nanometers, widths in the micrometer range, and lengths of up to several centimeters, can be produced, in bulk quantities, using this approach. Printing processes enable the layer by layer transfer of organized arrays of such ribbons to a range of other substrates. Good electrical properties (mobilities approximately 190 cm(2)V(-1)s(-1), on/off >10(4)) can be achieved with these ribbons in thin film type transistors formed on plastic substrates, thereby demonstrating one potential area of application.
Multi-Cell MIMO Downlink With Cell Cooperation and Fair Scheduling: A Large-System Limit Analysis (2011)

We consider the downlink of a cellular network with multiple cells and multi-antenna base stations. Our model includes distance-dependent pathloss, arbitrary clusters of cooperating cells, and general “fairness” requirements. Beyond Monte Carlo simulation, no efficient computation method to evaluate the ergodic throughput of such systems has been presented, yet. Furthermore, for systems of practical size with tens of cells and hundreds of users per cell, even simulation becomes challenging. We develop an analytic framework based on the combination of results from large random matrix theory and convex optimization. This allows computationally efficient calculation of the system performance in the so-called “large system limit”, i.e., in the limit of a large number of antennas per base station and a large number of users per cell, while the ratio of antennas per user is kept constant. In particular, the system ergodic throughput, subject to per-base station power constraints and to general fairness criteria, is obtained via the iterative solution of a system of fixed-point equations. Comparisons with finite-dimensional simulation results show that the large-system analysis provides remarkably accurate approximations for the actual finite-dimensional systems, even for a small number of users and base station antennas.
Synaptic Activity in Chronically Injured, Epileptogenic Sensory-Motor Neocortex (2002)

We recorded spontaneous and evoked synaptic currents in pyramidal neurons of layer V in chronically injured, epileptogenic neocortex to assess changes in the efficacy of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission that might promote cortical hyperexcitability. Partial sensory-motor neocortical isolations with intact blood supply ("undercuts") were made in 20 rats on postnatal day 21-25 and examined 2-6 wk later in standard brain slice preparations using whole cell patch-clamp techniques. Age-matched, uninjured naive rats (n = 20) were used as controls. Spontaneous and miniature excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (s- and mEPSCs; s- and mIPSCs) were recorded using patch-clamp techniques. The average frequency of s- and mEPSCs was significantly higher, while that of s- and mIPSCs was significantly lower in neurons of undercuts versus controls. The increased frequency of excitatory events was due to an increase in both s- and mEPSC frequency, suggesting an increased number of excitatory contacts and/or increased release probability at excitatory terminals. No significant difference was observed in 10-90% rise time of these events. The input-output slopes of fast, short-latency, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid/kainate (AMPA/KA) receptor-mediated components of evoked EPSCs were steeper in undercuts than in controls. The peak amplitude of the AMPA/KA component of EPSCs evoked by supra-threshold stimuli was significantly greater in the partially isolated neocortex. In contrast, the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated component of evoked EPSCs was not significantly different in neurons of injured versus control cortex, suggesting that the increased AMPA/KA component was due to postsynaptic alterations. Results support the conclusion that layer V pyramidal neurons receive increased AMPA/KA receptor-mediated excitatory synaptic drive and decreased GABA(A) receptor-mediated inhibition in this chronically injured, epileptogenic cortex. This shift in the balance of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic activation of layer V pyramidal cells toward excitation might be maladaptive and play a critical role in epileptogenesis.
Use of Activated Soil to Bioaugment Degradation of Atrazine in Soils (2006)

Effectiveness of activated soil containing directly enriched atrazine-degrading soil microorganisms as an inoculant to bioaugment degradation of atrazine in soils was investigated. A Wooster silt loam (Typic Fragiudalf) was spiked with atrazine at a rate of 4 mg/kg soil three successive times to create activated soil. Atrazine degradation was significantly enhanced (p ) and moistened (water content above 15%). The results of this study indicate that microorganisms capable of degrading atrazine are relatively easily enriched in soil to create activated soil. Use of activated soil can be a practical option for bioremediation of contaminated soils.
An Examination of the Effect of Six Types of Error Perturbation on Fifteen Clustering Algorithms (1980)

An evaluation of several clustering methods was conducted. Artificial clusters which exhibited the properties of internal cohesion and external isolation were constructed. The true cluster structure was subsequently hidden by six types of error-perturbation. The results indicated that the hierarchical methods were differentially sensitive to the type of error perturbation. In addition, generally poor recovery performance was obtained when random seed points were used to start the K -means algorithms. However, two alternative starting procedures for the nonhierarchical methods produced greatly enhanced cluster recovery and were found to be robust with respect to all of the types of error examined.
Dengue 2 Virus Envelope Protein Expressed by a Recombinant Vaccinia Virus Fails to Protect Monkeys against Dengue (1988)

A cDNA copy of the dengue (DEN) 2 virus genome region encoding the virion capsid, membrane and envelope structural proteins has been inserted into vaccinia virus (VV) DNA under the control of its 11K late promoter. The DEN-2 envelope protein was expressed and processed in cells infected with the VV recombinant (VV/D2S). No DEN-2 virus antibody response was detected in mice, hamsters or monkeys vaccinated with VV/D2S. Furthermore, a viraemia was observed in recombinant-vaccinated monkeys after challenge with infectious DEN-2 virus.
Cationic Amphiphile with Shikimic Acid Headgroup Shows More Systemic Promise Than Its Mannosyl Analogue as DNA Vaccine Carrier in Dendritic Cell Based Genetic Immunization (2010)

Mannosylated cationic vectors have been previously used for delivering DNA vaccines to antigen presenting cells (APCs) via mannose receptors expressed on the cell surface of APCs. Here we show that cationic amphiphiles containing mannose-mimicking quinic acid and shikimic acid headgroups deliver genes to APCs via mannose receptor. Cationic amphiphile with shikimic acid headgroup was more efficacious than its mannosyl counterpart in combating mouse tumor growth by dendritic cell (the most professional APC) based genetic immunization.
Challenges in Engineering Microbes for Biofuels Production (2007)

Economic and geopolitical factors (high oil prices, environmental concerns, and supply instability) have been prompting policy-makers to put added emphasis on renewable energy sources. For the scientific community, recent advances, embodied in new insights into basic biology and technology that can be applied to metabolic engineering, are generating considerable excitement. There is justified optimism that the full potential of biofuel production from cellulosic biomass will be obtainable in the next 10 to 15 years.
The preterm parturition syndrome (2006)

The implicit paradigm that has governed the study and clinical management of preterm labour is that term and preterm parturition are the same processes, except for the gestational age at which they occur. Indeed, both share a common pathway composed of uterine contractility, cervical dilatation and activation of the membranes/decidua. This review explores the concept that while term labour results from physiological activation of the components of the common pathway, preterm labour arises from pathological signalling and activation of one or more components of the common pathway of parturition. The term "great obstetrical syndromes" has been coined to reframe the concept of obstetrical disease. Such syndromes are characterised by: (1) multiple aetiology; (2) long preclinical stage; (3) frequent fetal involvement; (4) clinical manifestations that are often adaptive in nature; and (5) gene-environment interactions that may predispose to the syndromes. This article reviews the evidence indicating that the pathological processes implicated in the preterm parturition syndrome include: (1) intrauterine infection/inflammation; (2) uterine ischaemia; (3) uterine overdistension; (4) abnormal allograft reaction; (5) allergy; (6) cervical insufficiency; and (7) hormonal disorders (progesterone related and corticotrophin-releasing factor related). The implications of this conceptual framework for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of preterm labour are discussed.
Characteristics of indium phosphide solar cells bonded on silicon (2002)

Indium phosphide solar cells were bonded on silicon substrates by applying a eutectic bonding method. The InP solar cell structure was first grown homoepitaxially on an InP substrate. Gold layers were deposited on top of the InP cell structure and on the Si substrate. These two samples were then put in contact with each other and the structure was heated to 400-500/spl deg/C so that eutectic alloys formed between Au and the semiconductor materials. When cooling the structure, these two samples stuck together. The InP substrate was then removed by selective etching. After the bonding process the solar cell devices were processed by using the standard photolithographic methods. These cells exhibited low leakage currents, quantum efficiencies almost identical to homoepitaxial InP solar cells and conversion efficiencies of 12.9% under AMO illumination and 16.5% under AM1.5 illumination, which are relatively high in comparison to heteroepitaxial InP solar cells.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
[Determination of erythrocyte immune functions and its significance in primary lung cancer patients.]. (1999)

Detection of erythrocyte immune state in the lung cancer patients might be helpful to make the diagnosis , judge the curative effects and monitor the prognosis.
Thermoplastic Elastomer Hydrogels via Self-Assembly of an Elastin-Mimetic Triblock Polypeptide (2002)

Protein-based analogues of conventional thermoplastic elastomers can be designed with enhanced properties as a consequence of the precise control of primary structure. Protein 1 undergoes a reversible sol–gel transition, which results in the formation of a well-defined elastomeric network above a lower critical solution temperature. The morphology of the network is consistent with selective microscopic phase separation of the endblock domains. This genetic engineering approach provides a method for specification of the critical architectural parameters, such as block length and sequence, which define macromolecular properties that are important for downstream applications.
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase and Phosphate and Risk of Mortality and Hospitalization (2010)

Higher levels of serum AlkPhos and phosphate were associated with increased mortality and cardiovascular-related hospitalization in an inner-city clinic population. Further studies are needed to elucidate mechanisms underlying these associations.
Structure and Dynamics of the Human Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Determined by NMR Spectroscopy. Loop Mobility in a Four-Helix-Bundle Protein (1994)

Recombinant 15N- and 13C-labeled human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rh-metG-CSF) has been studied by 2D and 3D NMR using uniformly labeled protein, as well as residue-specific 15N-labeled samples. Assignment of 90% of the backbone resonances and 85% of side-chain resonances has enabled the determination of both the secondary and tertiary structures of the protein. The fold is similar to those of the human growth hormone and other growth factors. Four stretches of helices were identified between residues 11 and 41 (helix A), 71 and 95 (helix B), 102 and 125 (helix C), and 145 and 170 (helix D), which form a left-handed four-helix bundle with helices A and B aligned parallel to one another (up-up) and antiparallel to helices C and D (down-down). An additional short fifth helix (E) is part of the AB loop connecting helices A and B. Examination of the protein's relaxation behavior, based on the model-free approach of Lipari and Szabo, shows that the G-CSF backbone has a well-defined structure of limited conformational flexibility in helices. In contrast, the long loop connecting helices C and D exhibits substantial fast internal motion compared to the overall rotational correlation time of the whole molecule, which is on the order of 13 ns.
Semiconductor manufacturing technology (2000)

1. Introduction to the Semiconductor Industry. 2. Characteristics of Semiconductor Materials. 3. Device Technologies. 4. Silicon and Wafer Preparation. 5. Chemicals in Semiconductor Fabrication. 6. Contamination Controls in Wafer Fabs. 7. Metrology and Defect Inspection. 8. Gas Control in Process Chambers. 9. IC Fabrication Process Overview. 10. Oxidation. 11. Deposition. 12. Metallization. 13. Photolithography: Vapor Prime to Soft Bake. 14. Photolithography: Alignment and Exposure. 15. Photolithography: Photoresist Development and Advanced Lithography. 16. Etch. 17. Ion Implant. 18. Chemical Mechanical Planarization. 19. Wafer Test. 20. Assembly and Packaging. Appendices. Glossary. Index.