gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of new nanoporous carbon materials using nanostructured silica materials as templates (2004)

In this review, we summarize recent reports on the synthesis of various nanoporous carbon materials. Many nanoporous carbon materials having variable pore sizes and pore structures have been synthesized using appropriate nanostructured silica materials as templates. Nanoporous carbons with high pore volumes and uniform pore sizes have been produced using silica sol and silica gel as templates. Mesoporous carbons with several different pore structures have been synthesized using mesoporous silica materials such as MCM-48, HMS, SBA-15, MSU, and MCF as templates. Some of these nanoporous carbon materials were successfully used as adsorbents for bulky pollutants and electrodes for supercapacitors and fuel cells.
The Cytotoxicity and Microdosimetry of Astatine-211-Labeled Chimeric Monoclonal Antibodies in Human Glioma and Melanoma Cells In Vitro (1998)

The cytotoxicity of alpha-particle-emitting endoradiotherapeutic compounds is of increasing interest because clinical evaluation of these potential therapeutic agents is commencing. Astatine-211 is a radionuclide with a 7.2-h half-life that emits 5.87 and 7.45 MeV alpha particles. In the present work, we have investigated the in vitro cytotoxicity of 211At-labeled chimeric monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in monolayers of D-247 MG human glioma cells and SK-MEL-28 human melanoma cells. The mAbs studied were 81C6, reactive with the extracellular matrix antigen tenascin, Mel-14, directed against the cell membrane antigen proteoglycan chondroitin sulfate, and a nonspecific control mAb, TPS3.2. Cell uptake increased as a function of activity concentration after a 1-h exposure to the 211At-labeled mAbs. The retention of activity was also measured to calculate cumulative activity associated with the cells and the medium. The clonogenic survival as a function of activity concentration was linear in all cases with no detectable shoulder. Microdosimetric analyses were performed based on measured cell geometry, cumulative activity and Monte Carlo transport of alpha particles. Using 18 kBq/ml activity concentration and 1 h of incubation, a two to five times higher activity bound to the microcolonies was found for the specific mAbs compared to the nonspecific mAb. These calculations indicated that a survival fraction of 0.37 was achieved with 0.24-0.28 Gy for D-247 MG cells and 0.27-0.29 Gy for SK-MEL-28 cells. The microdosimetric cell sensitivity, z0, for D-247 MG cells was significantly lower than for SK-MEL-28 cells (0.08 compared to 0.15 Gy). For both cell lines, reduction in survival to 0.37 required an average of only 1-2 alpha-particle hits to the cell nucleus.
Standard Free Energy for the Hydrolysis of Adenylylated T4 DNA Ligase and the Apparent pK of Lysine 159 (1999)

Equilibrium constants for the adenylylation of T4 DNA ligase have been measured at 10 pH values. The values, when plotted against pH, fit a titration curve corresponding to a pKa of 8.4 +/- 0.1. The simplest interpretation is that the apparent pKa is that of the 6-amino group of the AMP-accepting residue Lys159. Based on the pH dependence of the equilibrium constants, the value at pH 7.0 is 0. 0213 at 25 degrees C, corresponding to DeltaG'o = +2.3 kcal mol-1. From this value and the standard free energy change of -10.9 kcal mol-1 for the hydrolysis of ATP to AMP and PPi, we calculate that DeltaG'o for the hydrolysis of the adenylyl-DNA ligase is -13.2 kcal mol-1. The presence of conserved basic amino acid residues in the catalytic domain, which are proximal to the active site in the homologous catalytic domain of T7 DNA ligase, suggests that the pKa of Lys159 is perturbed downward by the electrostatic effects of nearby positively charged amino acid side chains. The lower than normal pKa 8.4 compared with 10.5 for the 6-amino group of lysine and the high energy of the alpha,beta-phosphoanhydride linkage in ATP significantly facilitate adenylylation of the enzyme.
Hormone- and DNA-binding mechanism of the recombinant human estrogen receptor (1993)

We have investigated the hormone- and DNA-binding mechanisms of the wild-type human estrogen receptor (hER) overproduced in insect cells using a baculovirus expression system. The recombinant hER was indistinguishable in size (67 kDa) and immunogenically from the native human estrogen receptor in MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells. The recombinant hER was purified to 70-80% homogeneity with a two-step procedure that included ammonium sulfate precipitation and oligonucleotide affinity chromatography using a unique Teflon affinity matrix. The recombinant hER bound estradiol with a positively cooperative mechanism. At hER concentrations in excess of 13 nM the Hill coefficient reached a maximal value of 1.6, whereas, at lower hER concentrations, the Hill coefficient approached 1.0, suggesting that the hER was dissociated to the monomeric species and site-site interactions were diminished. The hER specifically bound an estrogen responsive element (ERE) from chicken vitellogenin II gene as measured by the gel mobility assay, ethylation, and thymine interference footprinting. Specific interference patterns suggest a two-fold symmetry of the hER binding to the ERE with each monomer of the hER bound in the major groove of the DNA. These data indicate that the recombinant hER is valuable to define the biochemical and structural properties of the native estrogen receptor.
The potential use of laser capture microdissection to selectively obtain distinct populations of cells for proteomic analysis — Preliminary findings (1999)

Proteomics-based studies offer a powerful complementary approach to DNA/RNA-based investigations and are now being applied to investigate aspects of many diseases including cancer. However, the heterogeneous nature of tissue samples often makes interpretation difficult. We have undertaken a study into the potential use of a novel laser capture microdissection (LCM) system to isolate cells of interest for subsequent proteomic analysis. Retrieval of selected cells is achieved by activation of a transfer film placed in contact with a tissue section, by a laser beam (30 or 60 microm diameter) which is focused on a selected area of tissue using an inverted microscope. The precise area of film targeted by the laser bonds to the tissue beneath it and these cells are then lifted free of surrounding tissue. Although the technique has been shown to be readily compatible with subsequent analysis of nucleic acids, little information is yet available regarding the application of protein-based analyses to the captured tissue. We report here preliminary data regarding the potential use of the LCM system in combination with two-dimensional electrophoresis to examine protein profiles of selected tissue areas. Electrophoretic profiles of proteins from normal and malignant renal tissue samples showed little change following LCM, nine selected proteins showed identical mass spectrometric sequencing profiles, and two selected proteins retained antigenicity. Dissection of epithelial tissue from a sample of normal human cervix resulted in enrichment of some proteins compared with analysis of the whole tissue. LCM will be a valuable adjunct to proteomic studies although further detailed validation is necessary.
Modern Genetic Analysis (1998)

Genetics and the organism the structure of genes and genomes gene function the inheritance of genes recombination genes gene interaction gene mutations chromosome mutations the genetics of bacteria and phages recombinant DNA technology applications of recombinant DNA technology genomics transposable genetic elements regulation of gene transcription cancer as a genetic disease pathways of differentiation population genetics quantitative genetics.
Purification of the calcium antagonist receptor of the voltage-sensitive calcium channel from skeletal muscle transverse tubules (1984)

[3H]Nitrendipine binds with high affinity to a calcium antagonist receptor preferentially localized to the transverse tubule membrane of skeletal muscle. Digitonin was used to solubilize a [3H]nitrendipine-receptor complex from transverse tubule membranes. The digitonin-[3H]nitrendipine-receptor complex was purified 330-fold by a combination of wheat germ agglutinin chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, and sedimentation through sucrose gradients to yield a preparation estimated to be 41% homogeneous on the basis of specific activity. Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis demonstrated that three polypeptides termed alpha [molecular weight (Mr) 130 000], beta (Mr 50 000), and gamma (Mr 33 000) quantitatively comigrated with the [3H]nitrendipine-receptor complex on sucrose gradients and represented 62% of the total protein staining. These three polypeptides are associated noncovalently. However, the apparent molecular weight of the alpha polypeptide is reduced from 160 000 to 130 000 upon reduction, consistent with the presence of an internal disulfide bond. Our results suggest that these three polypeptides are the subunits of the calcium antagonist receptor and are major components of the transverse tubule voltage-sensitive calcium channel.
A review of spinal cord stimulation systems for chronic pain (2016)

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) applications and technologies are fast advancing. New SCS technologies are being used increasingly in the clinical environment, but often there is a lag period between the clinical application and the publishing of high-quality evidence on safety and efficacy. Recent developments will undoubtedly expand the applicability of SCS, allowing more effective and individualized treatment for patients, and may have the potential to salvage patients who have previously failed neuromodulation. Already, high-level evidence exists for the safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness (Level I-II) of traditional SCS therapies in the treatment of chronic refractory low back with predominant limb pain (regardless of surgical history). More than half of all patients with chronic painful conditions experience sustained and significant levels of pain reduction following SCS treatment. Although only limited evidence exists for burst stimulation, there is now Level I evidence for both dorsal root ganglion SCS and high-frequency SCS that demonstrates compelling results compared with traditional therapies. The body of evidence built on traditional SCS research may be redundant, with newer iterations of SCS therapies such as dorsal root ganglion SCS, high-frequency SCS, and burst SCS. A number of variables have been identified that can affect SCS efficacy: implanter experience, appropriate patient selection, etiologies of patient pain, existence of comorbidities, including psychiatric illness, smoking status, and delay to SCS implant following pain onset. Overall, scientific literature demonstrates SCS to be a safe, effective, and drug-free treatment option for many chronic pain etiologies.
Lipoatrophy in GH deficient patients treated with a long-acting pegylated GH (2009)

The unpredictable occurrence of injection-site lipoatrophy with weekly long-acting pegylated GH molecules may be a limiting factor for their development.
Steerable catheters in minimally invasive vascular surgery (2009)

Steerable catheters are rapidly evolving and still require technological refinements to extend current capabilities.
Adducts of Oxylipin Electrophiles to Glutathione Reflect a 13 Specificity of the Downstream Lipoxygenase Pathway in the Tobacco Hypersensitive Response (2006)

The response to reactive electrophile species (RES) is now considered as part of the plant response to pathogen and insect attacks. Thanks to a previously established high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry methodology, we have investigated the production of oxylipin RES adducts to glutathione (GSH) during the hypersensitive response (HR) of plants. We have observed that RES conjugation to GSH in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaves is facile and nonspecific. In cryptogein-elicited tobacco leaves, we show that the oxylipin RES adducts to GSH are produced in correlation with GSH consumption, increase in glutathione S-transferase activity, and the appearance of the cell death symptoms. In this model, the adducts arise mainly from the downstream 13 lipoxygenase (LOX) metabolism, although the induced 9 LOX pathway leads massively to the accumulation of upstream metabolites. The main adducts were obtained from 2-hexenal and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid. They accumulate transiently as 1-hexanol-3-GSH, a reduced adduct, and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid-GSH, respectively. RES conjugation does not initiate cell death but explains part of the GSH depletion that accompanies HR cell death. The nature of these GSH conjugates shows the key role played by the 13 LOX pathway in RES signaling in the tobacco HR.
Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in ovarian cancer (2015)

The accumulation of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in ovarian cancer is prognostic for increased survival while increases in immunosuppressive regulatory T-cells (Tregs) are associated with poor outcomes. Approaches that bolster tumor-reactive TILs may limit tumor progression. However, identifying tumor-reactive TILs in ovarian cancer has been challenging, though adoptive TIL therapy in patients has been encouraging. Other forms of TIL immunomodulation remain under investigation including Treg depletion, antibody-based checkpoint modification, activation and amplification using dendritic cells, antigen presenting cells or IL-2 cytokine culture, adjuvant cytokine injections, and gene-engineered T-cells. Many approaches to TIL manipulation inhibit ovarian cancer progression in preclinical or clinical studies as monotherapy. Here, we review the impact of TILs in ovarian cancer and attempts to mobilize TILs to halt tumor progression. We conclude that effective TIL therapy for ovarian cancer is at the brink of translation and optimal TIL activity may require combined methodologies to deliver clinically-relevant treatment.
Context Sensing using Speech and Common Sense (2004)

We present a method of inferring aspects of a person’s context by capturing conversation topics and using prior knowledge of human behavior. This paper claims that topic-spotting performance can be improved by using a large database of common sense knowledge. We describe two systems we built to infer context from noisy transcriptions of spoken conversations using common sense, and detail some preliminary results. The GISTER system uses OMCSNet, a commonsense semantic network, to infer the most likely topics under discussion in a conversation stream. The OVERHEAR system is built on top of GISTER, and distinguishes between aspects of the conversation that refer to past, present, and future events by using LifeNet, a probabilistic graphical model of human behavior, to help infer the events that occurred in each of those three time periods. We conclude by discussing some of the future directions we may take this work.
Chelation of 2-substituted 1-lithoxides: structural and energetic factors of relevance to synthetic organic chemistry (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChelation of 2-substituted 1-lithoxides: structural and energetic factors of relevance to synthetic organic chemistryMichael A. Nichols, Andrew T. McPhail, and Edward M. ArnettCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 16, 6222–6233Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00016a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00016a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views315Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Immunomodulation of natural killer activity by polyribonucleotides. (1985)

Several synthetic polyribonucleotides have been examined for the ability to augment natural killer (NK) activity and induce interferon (IFN) production. The results demonstrate that the complex of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid and poly-L-lysine, which has been stabilized in carboxymethylcellulose [poly(I,C)-LC], polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid [poly(A).poly(U)], and a labile poly (I,C) compound with mismatched bases, designated poly(I).poly(C12U), all augment NK activity. However, poly(A).poly(U) and poly(I).poly(C12U) are less efficient augmentors of NK activity on a milligram per kilogram basis, than is poly(I,C)-LC. Similarly, poly(I,C)-LC induces more serum IFN following administration of 1, 10, or 100 micrograms/mouse (1,000-10,000 U/ml) than does either poly(A).poly(U) (0-25 U/ml) or poly(I).poly(C12U) (0-250 U/ml) at the same doses. Further studies with poly(I,C)-LC demonstrated that this molecule is an excellent augmentor of liver-associated NK activity. In fact, administration of poly(I,C)-LC resulted in higher NK levels in lever (63% lysis) than in spleen (44%) or blood (36%), and the augmented NK response was maintained in the liver for up to 13 days, whereas levels of NK activity in both blood and spleen returned to normal by days 3-6.
Active paths through multimedia documents (1988)

Abstract: The Etherphone ™ system integrates live and recorded voice into an office workstation environment. It supports a wide range of applications, including telephony, voice mail, voice annotation and editing, audio user interfaces, audio meeting services, and narrated hypermedia documents. This report brings together a group of previously · published papers that describe these applications and the distributed voice system architecture on which they are built. It includes an overview of the Etherphone system; a vision of the role that workstation-based telephones can play in an office environment; a discussion of, the voice manager that provides facilities for recording, editing, and playing stored voice; an outline of the systems support required to permit flexible, extensible multimedia applications; and a description of a
Simulation of Oxy-Coal Combustion in a 100 kWth Test Facility Using RANS and LES: A Validation Study (2012)

Oxy-fuel combustion of solid fuels, often performed in a mixture of oxygen and wet or dry recycled carbon dioxide, has gained significant interest in the last two decades as one of the leading carbon capture technologies in power generation. This paper presents a numerical study on oxy-fuel combustion of lignite coal in a 100 kWth test facility using Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) approaches, along with radiation and char combustion submodels properly modified for the CO2-rich environment. The performance of different turbulence models is investigated by comparing their predictions with experimental measurements of velocity and species concentrations as well as gas and particle temperatures. Results show that although agreeing reasonably with the measured mean axial and tangential velocity, all the RANS turbulence models used in this study underestimate the internal recirculation zone size and the turbulence mixing intensity in the char combustion zone. The standard k–ε and RNG k–ε models with default model constants fail to predict accurately the flow and mixing process associated with the staging stream and perform poorly on the oxygen concentration prediction. The SST k–ω model captures most of the flow regimes and improves the prediction of oxygen diffusion than other turbulent-viscosity models. LES can resolve some of the large-scale turbulent structures of the swirling flow in the burner quarl and of the staging stream downstream of the burner, better matching the measured internal recirculation zone size, the entrainment of oxygen from the staging stream, and the overall flame length than the RANS approaches. The unsteady LES approach captures the dynamic characteristics of oxy-coal combustion, such as the attached volatiles flame and the mixing between the recirculated hot gases and the unburned burner streams as well as the stable coal particle devolatilization and ignition in the quarl, which indicates good flame stability. The simulation shows that oxidation reactions dominate char consumption in oxy-fuel combustion. However, gasification reactions can be important locally in the fuel-rich zone of the volatiles-flame and the char-combustion regions, where the temperature is high and the oxygen concentration is low.
Cardiac flow component analysis (2009)

In a chamber of the heart, large-scale vortices are shown to exist as the result of the dynamic blood flow and unique morphological changes of the chamber wall. As the cardiovascular flow varies over a cardiac cycle, there is a need for a robust quantification method to analyze its vorticity and circulation. We attempt to measure vortex characteristics by means of two-dimensional vorticity maps and vortex circulation. First, we develop vortex component analysis by segmenting the vortices using an data clustering algorithm before histograms of their vorticity distribution are generated. The next stage is to generate the statistics of the vorticity maps for each phase of the cardiac cycle to allow analysis of the flow. This is followed by evaluating the circulation of each segmented vortex. The proposed approach is dedicated to examining vortices within the human heart chamber. The vorticity field can indicate the strength and number of large-scale vortices in the chamber. We provide the results of the flow analysis after vorticity map segmentation and the statistical properties that characterize the vorticity components. The success of the cardiac measurement and analysis is illustrated by a case study of the right atrium. Our investigation shows that it is possible to utilize a data clustering algorithm to segment vortices after vorticity mapping, and that the vorticity and circulation analysis of a chamber vorticity can provide new insights into the blood flow within the cardiovascular structure.