gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deep Exemplar 2D-3D Detection by Adapting from Real to Rendered Views (2016)

This paper presents an end-to-end convolutional neural network (CNN) for 2D-3D exemplar detection. We demonstrate that the ability to adapt the features of natural images to better align with those of CAD rendered views is critical to the success of our technique. We show that the adaptation can be learned by compositing rendered views of textured object models on natural images. Our approach can be naturally incorporated into a CNN detection pipeline and extends the accuracy and speed benefits from recent advances in deep learning to 2D-3D exemplar detection. We applied our method to two tasks: instance detection, where we evaluated on the IKEA dataset [36], and object category detection, where we out-perform Aubry et al. [3] for "chair" detection on a subset of the Pascal VOC dataset.
Biomarker-Based Targeting of the Androgen-Androgen Receptor Axis in Advanced Prostate Cancer (2012)

Recent therapeutic advances for managing advanced prostate cancer include the successful targeting of the androgen-AR axis with several new drugs in castrate resistant prostate cancer including abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide (MDV3100). This translational progress from "bench to bed-side" has resulted in an enlarging repertoire of novel and traditional drug choices now available for use in advanced prostate cancer therapeutics, which has had a positive clinical impact in prolonging longevity and quality of life of advanced prostate cancer patients. In order to further the clinical utility of these drugs, development of predictive biomarkers guiding individual therapeutic choices remains an ongoing challenge. This paper will summarize the potential in developing predictive biomarkers based on the pathophysiology of the androgen-AR axis in tumor tissue from patients with advanced prostate cancer as well as inherited variation in the patient's genome. Specific examples of rational clinical trial designs incorporating potential predictive biomarkers from these pathways will illustrate several aspects of pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic predictive biomarker development in advanced prostate cancer therapeutics.
Adaptive bubble router: a design to improve performance in torus networks (2003)

A router design for torus networks that significantly reduces message latency over traditional wormhole routers is presented in this paper. This new router implements virtual cut-through switching and fully-adaptive minimal routing. Packet deadlock is avoided by providing escape ways governed by Bubble flow control, a mechanism that guarantees enough free buffer space in the network to allow continuous packet movement. Both deterministic and adaptive Bubble routers have been designed in VLSI using VHDL synthesis tools. Adopting a fair quantitative comparison, we demonstrate that Bubble routers exhibit a reduction in base latency values over 40% with respect to the corresponding wormhole routers, without any penalty in network throughput. With much lower VLSI costs than adaptive wormhole routers, the adaptive Bubble router is even faster than deterministic wormhole routers based on virtual channels.
Substantial reduction in the depinning field of vortex domain walls triggered by spin-transfer induced resonance (2007)

An influence of spin-transfer-induced resonant excitation of a vortex magnetic domain wall on magnetization reversal process was investigated in Permalloy nanowires. Sizable reduction of the depinning field was observed under an application of radio frequency current when the frequency coincided with resonance of the vortex core. The resonant frequency was found to increase by shrinking the wire width. These results lead the authors to conclude that the spin-transfer-induced resonant excitation assists the depinning of the vortex domain walls. This provides an important insight for the realization of novel magnetic memory and logic devices based on current-driven domain wall manipulation.
Establishing Criteria for Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Potency (2015)

Abstract This study sought to identify critical determinants of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) potency using in vitro and in vivo attributes of cells isolated from the bone marrow of age- and sex-matched donors. Adherence to plastic was not indicative of potency, yet capacity for long-term expansion in vitro varied considerably between donors, allowing the grouping of MSCs from the donors into either those with high-growth capacity or low-growth capacity. Using this grouping strategy, high-growth capacity MSCs were smaller in size, had greater colony-forming efficiency, and had longer telomeres. Cell-surface biomarker analysis revealed that the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) criteria did not distinguish between high-growth capacity and low-growth capacity MSCs, whereas STRO-1 and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha were preferentially expressed on high-growth capacity MSCs. These cells also had the highest mean expression of the mRNA transcripts TWIST-1 and DERMO-1. Irrespective of these differences, both groups of donor MSCs produced similar levels of key growth factors and cytokines involved in tissue regeneration and were capable of multilineage differentiation. However, high-growth capacity MSCs produced approximately double the volume of mineralized tissue compared to low-growth capacity MSCs when assessed for ectopic bone-forming ability. The additional phenotypic criteria presented in this study when combined with the existing ISCT minimum criteria and working proposal will permit an improved assessment of MSC potency and provide a basis for establishing the quality of MSCs prior to their therapeutic application. Stem Cells 2015;33:1878–1891
Multiple delay capture probability and performance of DS-SS slotted ALOHA packet radio system (2005)

We address the throughput and delay performance of a direct sequence spread spectrum (DS-SS) slotted ALOHA packet radio system, where all users use a common spreading code to communicate with a central station. Unlike in previous works where packets are constrained to arrive on a finite set of discrete times, we consider in this paper that packet arrivals are continuously and uniformly distributed over an arbitrary uncertainty interval. We derive a closed form multi-packet capture probability and obtain the throughput and delay expressions for the DS-SS slotted ALOHA packet radio system. We use simulations to validate our analysis.
Molecular Evidence for Natural Selection (1995)

Species distribution models (SDMs) are numerical tools that combine observations of species occurrence or abundance with environmental estimates. They are used to gain ecological and evolutionary insights and to predict distributions across landscapes, ...Read More
Glucocorticoid receptors mediate mineralocorticoid-like effects in cultured collecting duct cells (1990)

To investigate the direct epithelial effects of corticosteroids on renal ion transport, we studied the influence of the pure glucocorticoid agonist RU 28362 and aldosterone on Na+ and K+ transport in primary cultures of immunodissected rabbit cortical collecting duct (CCD) cells. When grown on permeable supports in a steroid-free medium, CCD monolayers exhibited a lumen-negative transepithelial potential difference (PD) of 5.2 +/- 1.07 mV and a short-circuit current (SCC) of 8.54 +/- 2.2 microA/cm2. Transepithelial resistance averaged 660 +/- 49 omega/cm2. The cultures actively reabsorbed Na+ and secreted K+. Both aldosterone and RU 28362 significantly increased PD and SCC; the effects were time and dose dependent. The effect of RU 28362 was completely prevented by the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU 486, whereas ZK 91587, a specific mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, did not block its effect. Both aldosterone and RU 28362 increased the bath-to-lumen concentration ratio of Na+ while lowering that of K+, indicating an increased Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion. The number of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase units was significantly enhanced (approximately 2-fold) by both RU 28362 and aldosterone. These results demonstrate that, in cultured CCD cells, not only aldosterone but also a pure glucocorticoid is able to exert mineralocorticoid-like effects, and this latter effect is mediated by glucocorticoid receptors. Because all parameters studied responded similarly to aldosterone and RU 28362, we speculate that in CCD cells glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids might act by regulating the same gene(s).
Stabilization and Destabilization of Suspensions Using Polymeric Surfactants and the Theory of Steric Stabilization (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Interaction between Particles Containing Adsorbed Polymeric Surfactant Layers (Steric Stabilization) Flocculation of Sterically Stabilized Dispersions Bridging Flocculation by Polymers and Polyelectrolytes Examples for Suspension Stabilization Using Polymeric Surfactants Polymeric Surfactants for Stabilization of Preformed Latex Dispersions References
26.8 A 236nW −56.5dBm-sensitivity bluetooth low-energy wakeup receiver with energy harvesting in 65nm CMOS (2016)

Batteryless operation and ultra-low-power (ULP) wireless communication will be two key enabling technologies as the IC industry races to keep pace with the IoE projections of 1T-connected sensors by 2025. Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE) is used in many consumer IoE devices now because it offers the lowest average power for a radio that can communicate directly to a mobile device [1]. The BLE standard requires that the IoE device continuously advertises, which initiates the connection to a mobile device. Sub-1s advertisement intervals are common to minimize latency. However, this continuous advertising results in a typical minimum average power of 10's of μW at low duty-cycles. This leads to the quoted 1-year lifetimes of event-driven IoE devices (e.g. tracking tags, ibeacons) that operate from coin-cell batteries. This minimum power is too high for robust, batteryless operation in a small form-factor.
Self-organizing high-density single-walled carbon nanotube arrays from surfactant suspensions (2004)

Very thin films of oriented and densely packed single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) can be self-assembled on substrates from surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-) coated SWNT suspensions at ambient conditions. The evaporation of water causes a concentration of the SDS-coated nanotubes above critical micelle concentrations for SDS, and it is believed that self-organization of the SDS molecules serves as a driving force for the oriented and dense assembly of the nanotubes. The high degree of alignment in the SWNT thin films was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and polarized Raman spectroscopy.
Downregulation of Ca2+ and Mg2+ Transport Proteins in the Kidney Explains Tacrolimus (FK506)-Induced Hypercalciuria and Hypomagnesemia (2004)

FK506 (tacrolimus) and dexamethasone are potent immunosuppressants known to induce significant side effects on mineral homeostasis, including hypercalciuria and hypomagnesemia. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. The present study investigated the effects of FK506 and dexamethasone on the expression of proteins involved in active Ca(2+) reabsorption: the epithelial Ca(2+) channel TRPV5 and the cytosolic Ca(2+)-binding protein calbindin-D(28K). In addition, the renal expression of the putative Mg(2+) channel TRPM6, suggested to be involved in transcellular Mg(2+) reabsorption, was determined. Administration of FK506 to rats by daily oral gavage during 7 d significantly enhanced the urinary excretion of Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) and induced a significant hypomagnesemia. FK506 significantly decreased the renal mRNA expression of TRPV5 (62 +/- 7% relative to controls), calbindin-D(28K) (9 +/- 1%), and TRPM6 (52 +/- 8%), as determined by real-time quantitative PCR analysis. Furthermore, semiquantitative immunohistochemistry showed reduced renal protein abundance of TRPV5 (24 +/- 5%) and calbindin-D(28K) (29 +/- 4%), altogether suggesting that downregulation of these transport proteins is responsible for the FK506-induced Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) wasting. In contrast, dexamethasone significantly enhanced renal TRPV5 (150 +/- 15%), calbindin-D(28K) (177 +/- 23%), and TRPM6 (156 +/- 20%) mRNA levels along with TRPV5 (211 +/- 8%) and calbindin-D(28K) (176 +/- 5%) protein abundance in the presence of significantly increased Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) excretion. This indicated that these proteins are directly or indirectly regulated by dexamethasone. In conclusion, FK506 and dexamethasone induce renal Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) wasting, albeit by different mechanisms. Downregulation of specific Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) transport proteins provides a molecular mechanism for FK506-induced hypercalciuria and hypomagnesemia, whereas dexamethasone positively regulates these proteins.
Progress toward a Rationally Designed Molecular Motor (2001)

A retrospective overview of the work in the author's laboratory leading to a prototype (43a) of a chemically powered molecular motor is provided. Beginning with a molecular brake (23) and then proceeding through a molecular "ratchet" (31), the development of a rationally designed molecular motor is described. The thermodynamic underpinnings of the concept are outlined, the synthetic routes to 23, 31, and 43a, are summarized, and the data documenting the function of 23, 31, and 43a are presented.
High-speed short-wavelength silicon photodetectors fabricated in 130-nm CMOS process (2003)

We have integrated several optoelectronic devices into deep-submicron silicon fabrication process. The main results for monolithic integration of silicon planar interdigitated P-I-N photodiodes with transimpedance amplifiers and waveguide grating couplers will be reviewed. The integration process was carried out in an unmodified 130nm CMOS process flow, on SOI substrates. Photodetectors that were fabricated on 200nm-thick SOI exhibited a 3dB electrical bandwidth of 10GHz for -5V bias while the photodetectors fabricated on 2000nm-thick SOI had 8GHz 3dB electrical bandwidth for -28V bias. The external quantum efficiency of the 2000nm-thick photodetectors at 835nm was 14%. The 200nm-thick photodetectors were integrated with waveguide grating couplers. For 835nm, the external quantum efficiency of the photodetector improved from 3% to 12% when a diffraction grating with 265nm period was integrated on top of the photodiode. The 3dB electrical bandwidth of these photodetectors was 4.1GHz (RC limited). The dark current for these devices was 10pA at -3V bias for an area of 2500mm2. The photodetectors fabricated on 2000nm-thick SOI substrates were wire-bonded to SiGe transimpedance amplifiers with 184W transimpedance gain. When the photodiode was used in avalanche operation mode the sensitivity of -7dBm (BER<10-9) was achieved at 10Gb/s. The multiplication gain for the avalanche photodetector was in this case M=4. This is the highest speed reported for an all-silicon optical receiver.
Migration of highly aggressive melanoma cells on hyaluronic acid is associated with functional changes, increased turnover and shedding of CD44 receptors (1996)

Recent evidence indicates that CD44, a multifunctional adhesion receptor involved in cell-cell as well as in cell-matrix interactions, plays an important role in local progression and metastasis of malignant tumors. We have studied a set of human melanoma cell lines differing in their metastatic potential in nude mice as well as in normal melanocytes for changes in CD44 expression and function. All melanocytes and melanoma cell lines tested highly expressed the CD44 standard form (CD44s, 85 kDa) but variants at low levels only. With respect to one of the CD44-associated functions primarily involved in tumor progression we found that two highly metastatic tumor cell lines, MV3 and BLM, showed fivefold higher migration rates towards hyaluronate than melanomas with low metastatic potential and normal melanocytes. Moreover, the highly metastatic cell lines expressed four- to sixfold higher levels of the CD44 epitope involved in hyaluronic acid-binding (monoclonal antibody Hermes-1) than less aggressive melanomas and melanocytes. Hermes-1 efficiently blocked haptotaxis to hyaluronate, supporting the functional relevance of this epitope. In contrast, expression levels of other CD44s epitopes recognized by seven different anti-CD44 monoclonal antibodies were unchanged, suggesting that the migratory behaviour of the cells depends on the formation of the hyaluronate-binding Hermes-1 epitope rather than on the overall CD44s surface expression, which was virtually identical in all melanoma and melanocyte cell lines tested. Differences in the accessibility of the hyaluronate-binding epitope defined by Hermes-1 correlated with the phosphorylation state of CD44s, probably reflecting different activation states of the receptor. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation and pulse/chase studies revealed a three- to fivefold increase in CD44 synthesis in the highly aggressive melanoma cells as compared to the other cell lines and the melanocytes, indicating a reduction of CD44 half-life and up-regulation of turnover. Moreover, highly aggressive melanoma cell lines were found to shed significant amounts of CD44 from the cell surface and to secrete its ligand hyaluronic acid, which may refer to an "autocrine' mechanism mediating melanoma cell motility.
Heterotopic ossification: A review (2005)

Heterotopic ossification is defined as the presence of lamellar bone at locations where bone normally does not exist. The condition must be distinguished from metastatic calcifications, which mainly occur in hypercalcaemia, and dystrophic calcifications in tumours. It is a frequent complication following central nervous system disorders (brain injuries, tumours, encephalitis, spinal cord lesions), multiple injuries, hip surgery and burns. In addition to this acquired form, hereditary causes also exist, such as fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, progressive osseous heteroplasia and Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy. Although these conditions are extremely rare, they can provide useful information on the physiopathology of heterotopic ossification, and thus lead to novel and causal treatment modalities. Heterotopic ossification is no trivial complication. A limitation of the range of joint motion may have serious consequences for the daily functioning of people who are already severely incapacitated because of their original lesion. Increased contractures and spasticity, pressure ulcers and increasing pain further compromise the patient's capabilities. Consequently, we feel that attention should be paid to the pathogenesis and particularly the prevention and treatment of this disorder.
Wavelength-adaptable optical phased array in SiO/sub 2/-Si (1995)

An optical phased array in the silica-on-silicon material system (SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -Si) with 8-nm channel spacing in the 1.5-μm wavelength region is reported. The device exhibits quasi-polarization independent operation with insertion losses of 2.5-3 dB and crosstalk attenuations of >20 dB. It can be adapted to the specified center wavelength simultaneously with the adjustment of the input fiber.
Associations of Plasma Phospholipid Omega-6 and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels and MRI Measures of Cardiovascular Structure and Function: The Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (2011)

Background. The association between plasma omega-6 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is unclear, and discrepancy remains concerning the cardiovascular benefit of the omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid. Methods. Associations of plasma phospholipid fatty acid levels (arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and alpha-linolenic acid) with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging measures of left ventricular (LV) mass, LV volume, ejection fraction, stroke volume, and aortic distensibility were investigated in 1,274 adults. Results. Results of multivariate analysis showed no statistically significant associations of plasma omega-6 or omega-3 levels with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging measures. Stratification by gender revealed a positive association between DHA and LV mass in women (β = 1.89, P = 0.02; P interaction = 0.003) and a trend for a positive association between DHA and ejection fraction in men (β = 0.009, P = 0.05; P interaction = 0.03). Conclusion. Additional research is warranted to clarify the effects of plasma DHA on cardiac structure and function in women versus men.
In vitro neurogenesis by neuronal precursor cells derived from the adult songbird brain (1992)

The vocal control nucleus of the adult songbird forebrain, HVc, exhibits de novo neurogenesis in adulthood, with the production of new neurons from precursor cells located in the overlying ventricular zone (Goldman and Nottebohm, 1983). We previously established that explants derived from neurogenic regions of the adult canary forebrain could be maintained in vitro, under conditions that permitted the migration and differentiation of those new neurons previously generated in vivo (Goldman, 1990). However, we found no evidence for continued neuronal mitogenesis in these cultures, which were raised in high concentrations of serum. In the present study, we investigated the permissive conditions for in vitro neurogenesis by these adult forebrain-derived ventricular zone explants. When HVc explants derived from adult zebra finches were maintained in low-serum medium, in vitro neurogenesis could be demonstrated by 3H-thymidine uptake as long as 5 days after explantation. Immunocytochemistry for microtubule-associated protein-2 followed by autoradiography confirmed the neuronal identity of these 3H-thymidine-incorporating cells. In vitro neuronal production occurred in an inverse relation to the serum concentration: Over the range of 2.5-25% fetal bovine serum, neuronal 3H-thymidine labeling was most frequent in those cultures exposed to the lowest serum levels. This facilitation of in vitro neuronal mitogenesis by serum depletion suggests that fetal serum may contain factors that inhibit the division of adult-derived neuronal precursor cells, either directly or by agents released by serum-stimulated glial or ependymal cells.
Secure stand alone positive personnel identity verification system (SSA-PPIV) (1979)

The properties of a secure stand-alone positive personnel identity verification system are detailed. The system is designed to operate without the aid of a central computing facility and the verification function is performed in the absence of security personnel. Security is primarily achieved by means of data encryption on a magnetic stripe badge. Several operational configurations are discussed. Advantages and disadvantages of this system compared to a central computer driven system are detailed.
Hepoxilin Analogs, Potential New Therapeutics in Disease (2006)

We have chemically synthesized several stable analogs of the naturally occurring hepoxilins, 12-LO products derived from arachidonic acid, which we found to have promising actions in a variety of test systems of disease. The analogs, PBTs, afford chemical and biological stability to the hepoxilin molecule. This article reviews some of our latest observations with the PBTs in the areas of inflammation (inhibition of the bleomycin-evoked lung fibrosis in mice in vivo), platelet aggregation (antagonism of the thromboxane receptor in human platelets in vitro) and thrombosis (inhibitors in vivo), and cancer (apoptosis of the human leukemia cell line, K562 in vitro and in vivo). The demonstration that the PBTs are active in vivo suggests that they can serve as a platform for their further development as novel therapeutics in disease.