gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Delayed rectifier outward K+ current is composed of two currents in guinea pig atrial cells (1991)

The delayed rectifier outward K+ current (IK) was studied in isolated guinea pig atrial myocytes using the whole cell voltage-clamp technique. Similar to previous findings in ventricular cells, IK of atrial cells is the composite of two distinct components: IK,r, a rapidly activating current that exhibits strong inward rectification and IK,s, a slowly activating current with only modest rectification. IK,r was defined by its sensitivity to block by Co2+ and the class III antiarrhythmic agent, E-4031. IK,r underlies the prominent outward "hump" (between -30 and +40 mV) in the steady-state current-voltage relationship. Activation of IK,r was not dependent on transient changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Block of Ca2+ current by nisoldipine or nitrendipine did not prevent activation of IK,r. Peak IK,r was not decreased in cells when intracellular Ca2+ was strongly buffered with 1,2-bis(aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid. The activation curve for IK,r in atrial cells had a threshold of -40 mV, a half-point of -19 mV, and a slope factor of 5.2 mV. The activation curve for IK,s had a half-point of +24 mV and a slope factor of 15.7 mV. The peak tail currents of fully activated IK,s (21.1 pA/pF) and IK,r (2.53 pA/pF) are about two times that previously measured in guinea pig ventricular cells. This difference in current density may partly explain why action potentials of atrial cells are shorter than those of ventricular cells in guinea pig hearts.
Top-k Query Processing in Uncertain Databases (2007)

Top-k processing in uncertain databases is semantically and computationally different from traditional top-k processing. The interplay between score and uncertainty makes traditional techniques inapplicable. We introduce new probabilistic formulations for top-k queries. Our formulations are based on "marriage" of traditional top-k semantics and possible worlds semantics. In the light of these formulations, we construct a framework that encapsulates a state space model and efficient query processing techniques to tackle the challenges of uncertain data settings. We prove that our techniques are optimal in terms of the number of accessed tuples and materialized search states. Our experiments show the efficiency of our techniques under different data distributions with orders of magnitude improvement over naive materialization of possible worlds.
Overexpression of the EGFR/FKBP12/HIF-2alpha pathway identified in childhood astrocytomas by angiogenesis gene profiling. (2003)

Intense angiogenesis proliferation, a histopathological hallmark distinguishing malignant from benign astrocytoma, is vital for tumor progression. Thus, identifying and targeting specific pathways that promote malignant astrocytoma-induced angiogenesis could have substantial therapeutic benefit. Expression profiling of 13 childhood astrocytomas to determine the expression pattern of 133 angiogenesis-related genes revealed that 44 (33%) genes were differentially expressed (17 were overexpressed, and 27 were underexpressed) between malignant high-grade astrocytomas (HGAs) and benign low-grade astrocytomas. Hierarchical clustering and principal components analysis using only the 133 angiogenesis-related genes distinguished HGA from low-grade astrocytoma in 100% of the samples analyzed, as did unsupervised analyses using the entire set of 9198 expressed genes represented on the array, indicating that the angiogenesis-related genes were reliable markers of pathological grade. A striking new finding was significant overexpression of hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF)-2alpha as well as high-level expression of FK506-binding protein (FKBP) 12 by HGA. Furthermore, 9 of 21 (43%) genes overexpressed by HGA were HIF/FKBP-associated genes. This group included the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which promotes HIF synthesis, as well as insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 (IGFBP2), a target gene of HIF activity. Differential protein expression of HIF-2alpha was validated in an independent group of 16 astrocytomas (P = 0.02). We conclude that the EGFR/FKBP12/HIF-2alpha pathway is important in childhood HGA and represents a potential new therapeutic target.
G protein mutations in endocrine diseases (2001)

This review summarizes the pathogenetic role of naturally occurring mutations of G protein genes in endocrine diseases. Although in vitro mutagenesis and transfection assays indicate that several G proteins have mitogenic potential, to date only two G proteins have been identified which harbor naturally occurring mutations, Gsalpha, the activator of adenylyl cyclase and Gi2alpha, which is involved in several functions, including adenylyl cyclase inhibition and ion channel modulation. The gene encoding Gsalpha (GNAS1) may be altered by loss or gain of function mutations. Indeed, heterozygous inactivating germ line mutations in this gene cause pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ia, in which physical features of Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) are associated with resistance to several hormones, i.e. PTH, TSH and gonadotropins, that activate Gs-coupled receptors or pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism in which AHO is the only clinical manifestation. Evidence suggests that the variable and tissue-specific hormone resistance observed in PHP Ia may result from tissue-specific imprinting of the GNAS1 gene, although the Gsalpha knockout model only in part reproduces the human AHO phenotype. Activating somatic Gsalpha mutations leading to cell proliferation have been identified in endocrine tumors constituted by cells in which cAMP is a mitogenic signal, i.e. GH-secreting pituitary adenomas, hyperfunctioning thyroid adenomas and Leydig cell tumors. When the same mutations occur very early in embryogenesis they cause McCune-Albright syndrome. Although these mutations would in principle confer growth advantage, studies failed to detect differences in the clinical and hormonal phenotypes, suggesting the existence of mechanisms able to counteract the activation of the cAMP pathway. Activating mutations of Gi2alpha have been identified in a subset of ovarian, adrenal and pituitary tumors, but their prevalence and significance are still controversial. Finally, although Galpha subunits are the only components of the heterotrimeric GTP binding proteins which harbor known mutations, beta/gamma subunits should be considered possible targets of genetic alterations as suggested by the frequent presence of beta3 subunit variants in patients with essential hypertension.
Cell lines and Salmonella (2001)

In human gastrointestinal disease caused by Salmonella, transepithelial migration of neutrophils follows the attachment of bacteria to epithelial tissue. This migration of neutrophils is stimulated by the release of chemokines, including interleukin-8 (Il -8), from the epithelial cells. We have developed an in vitro model system (human epithelial monolayers, among which Caco-2 cells grown on microtiter multiwell plates) for studying host-pathogen interactions. After infection with different pathogens we measured Il-8 production during time. Results showed that Il-8 release was time related and varied with the pathogen. Salmonella enteritidis (Se) did induce the highest response. Subsequently, three doses of this Se strain were used and the Il-8 response was measured at different time points. Caco-2 cells remained intact over a period of 24h, the production of Il-8 increased in time and was found to be Se dose-dependent. Other tested epithelial monolayers, such as HT29 colon cancer cells, gave similar results.
SURGICAL INTERVENTION ON THE CILIARY BODY (1950)

The idea of acting on the ciliary body to reduce the aqueous output and consequently to lower the intraocular tension is not a recent therapeutic advance. From the cyclotomy of Hancock<sup>1</sup>and Abadie,<sup>2</sup>the sclerocyclotomy with thermocautery of Fiore<sup>3</sup>and the cyclectomy of Verhoeff<sup>4</sup>developed. Other clinical or experimental attempts to reduce eye tension by means of cauterizations of the pericorneal or ciliary region were performed by Hamburger<sup>5</sup>(silver nitrate cauterizations), by L. Weekers,<sup>6</sup>by Puscariu and Cerkez,<sup>7</sup>by Favaloro<sup>8</sup>(following the technic of Schoeler<sup>9</sup>), by Preziosi<sup>10</sup>and by Curran.<sup>11</sup>The two latter aimed also at a good filtration by perforating the sclera with galvanocautery. All these procedures had, however, only a restricted number of followers because of the fear that excessive damage to the ciliary body might arise. A new epoch in this field was opened by the
Effects of the Ornithine Decarboxylase Inhibitors Dl-α-Difluoromethylornithine and α-Monofluoromethyldehydroornithine Methyl Ester Alone and in Combination with Suramin against Trypanosoma brucei brucei Central Nervous System Models (1987)

Two ornithine decarboxylase inhibitors, DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (eflornithine; DFMO) and a-monofluoromethyldehydroornithine methyl ester (delta MFMO X CH3) were compared in their ability to cure two distinct Trypanosoma brucei brucei central nervous system murine model infections. Both inhibitors cured the TREU 667 and LUMP 1001 isolates if used in combination with a single (20 mg/kg) injection of suramin, a trypanocide in current clinical use. The curative dose of delta MFMO X CH3 in combination with suramin was 1.09 g/kg/day, administered in the drinking water for 14 days; used with suramin, the curative dose of DFMO was 5.3 g/kg/day for 14 days (5 times the delta MFMO X CH3 dose required). In host animals, delta MFMO X CH3 was not toxic and was accumulated by trypanosomes 6-8 times faster than DFMO. Since DFMO by itself has been highly effective against T. b. gambiense infections in humans (12-15 g/day for 6 weeks) the present data suggest that delta MFMO X CH3 might be effective in a shorter regimen and at lower doses.
The property of servo-control and drive system for 1.2 m Alt-Az telescope. Mechanics characteristics of single and multi-point friction drives (1) (2005)

According to the special requirement we have made the Laser Ranging for satellites on the low orbit of the Earth using the 1.2m Alt-Az telescope.This article discusses the mechanics characteristics of single and multi-point friction drives of the telescope.When friction drives are fulfilled with two moment electromotors,the telescope can reach 10°/s~2 of maximum azimuth angle acceleration and 5°/s of maximum azimuth angle velocity.This can meet the demand of tracking satellites near the Earth.
μ2 Binding Directs the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator to the Clathrin-mediated Endocytic Pathway (2001)

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) contains a conserved tyrosine-based internalization motif, (1424)YDSI, which interacts with the endocytic clathrin adaptor complex, AP-2, and is required for its efficient endocytosis. Although direct interactions between several endocytic sequences and the medium chain and endocytic clathrin adaptor complexes have been shown by protein-protein interaction assays, whether all these interactions occur in vivo or are physiologically important has not always been addressed. Here we show, using both in vitro and in vivo assays, a physiologically relevant interaction between CFTR and the mu subunit of AP-2. Cross-linking experiments were performed using photoreactive peptides containing the YDSI motif and purified adaptor complexes. CFTR peptides cross-linked a 50-kDa subunit of purified AP-2 complexes, the apparent molecular mass of mu 2. Furthermore, isolated mu 2 bound to the sorting motif, YDSI, both in cross-linking experiments and glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments, confirming that mu 2 mediates the interaction between CFTR and AP-2 complexes. Inducible overexpression of dominant-negative mu 2 in HeLa cells results in AP-2 complexes that fail to interact with CFTR. Moreover, internalization of CFTR in mutant cells is greatly reduced compared with wild type HeLa cells. These results indicate that the AP-2 endocytic complex selectively interacts with the conserved tyrosine-based internalization signal in the carboxyl terminus of CFTR, YDSI. Furthermore, this interaction is mediated by the mu 2 subunit of AP-2 and mutations in mu 2 that block its interaction with YDSI inhibit the incorporation of CFTR into the clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway.
One‐Armed Artificial Receptors for the Binding of Polar Tetrapeptides in Water: Probing the Substrate Selectivity of a Combinatorial Receptor Library (2005)

We have recently developed a new class of one-armed artificial receptors 1 for the binding of the polar tetrapeptide N-Ac-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala-OH (EKAA) 2 in water using a combined combinatorial and statistical approach. We have now further probed the substrate selectivity of this receptor library 1 by screening a second tetrapeptide substrate (3) with the inverse sequence N-Ac-D-Ala-D-Ala-L-Lys-D-Glu-OH (AAKE). This "inverse" substrate is also efficiently bound by our receptors, with K(ass) approximately 6000 M(-1) for the best receptors, as determined both by a quantitative on-bead binding assay and by UV and fluorescence titration studies in free solution. Hence, the inverse tetrapeptide 3 is in general bound two to three times less efficiently than the "normal" peptide 2 (K(ass) approximately 17,000 M(-1)), even though the complexation mainly involves long-range electrostatic interactions and both the receptor and substrate are rather flexible. Molecular modeling and ab initio calculations have been used to rationalize the observed substrate selectivity and to analyze the various binding interactions within the complex.
Time‐resolved angiography: Past, present, and future (2012)

The introduction of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in 1980 provided a method for real time 2D subtraction imaging. Later, 4D magnetic resonance (MR) angiography emerged beginning with techniques like Keyhole and time-resolved imaging of contrast kinetics (TRICKS) that provided frame rates of one every 5 seconds with limited spatial resolution. Undersampled radial acquisition was subsequently developed. The 3D vastly undersampled isotropic projection (VIPR) technique allowed undersampling factors of 30-40. Its combination with phase contrast displays time-resolved flow dynamics within the cardiac cycle and has enabled the measurement of pressure gradients in small vessels. Meanwhile similar accelerations were achieved using Cartesian acquisition with projection reconstruction (CAPR), a Cartesian acquisition with 2D parallel imaging. Further acceleration is provided by constrained reconstruction techniques such as highly constrained back-projection reconstruction (HYPR) and its derivatives, which permit acceleration factors approaching 1000. Hybrid MRA combines a separate phase contrast, time-of flight, or contrast-enhanced acquisition to constrain the reconstruction of contrast-enhanced time frames providing exceptional spatial and temporal resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This can be extended to x-ray imaging where a 3D DSA examination can be used to constrain the reconstruction of time-resolved 3D volumes. Each 4D DSA (time-resolved 3D DSA) frame provides spatial resolution and SNR comparable to 3D DSA, thus removing a major limitation of intravenous DSA. Similar techniques have provided the ability to do 4D fluoroscopy.
Skyport - Container-Based Execution Environment Management for Multi-cloud Scientific Workflows (2014)

Recently, Linux container technology has been gaining attention as it promises to transform the way software is developed and deployed. The portability and ease of deployment makes Linux containers an ideal technology to be used in scientific workflow platforms. Skyport utilizes Docker Linux containers to solve software deployment problems and resource utilization inefficiencies inherent to all existing scientific workflow platforms. As an extension to AWE/Shock, our data analysis platform that provides scalable workflow execution environments for scientific data in the cloud, Skyport greatly reduces the complexity associated with providing the environment necessary to execute complex workflows.
Primary and Revision Total Hip Replacement Using the Robodoc?? System (1998)

The ROBODOC system was designed to address potential human errors in performing cementless total hip replacement. The system consists of a preoperative planning computer workstation (called ORTHODOC) and a five-axis robotic arm with a high speed milling device as an end effector. The combined experience of the United States Food and Drug Administration multicenter trial and the German postmarket use of the system are reported. The United States study is controlled and randomized with 136 hip replacements performed at three centers (65 ROBODOC and 62 control). Followup was 1 year on 127 hip replacements and 2 years on 93 hip replacements. No differences were found in the Harris hip scores or the Short Form Health Survey outcomes questionnaire. Length of stay also was not different, but the surgical time and blood loss were greater in the ROBODOC group. This was attributed to a learning curve at each center. Radiographs were evaluated by an independent bone radiologist and showed statistically better fit and positioning of the femoral component in the ROBODOC group. Complications were not different, except for three cases of intraoperative femoral fracture in the control group and none in the ROBODOC group. The German study reports on 858 patients, 42 with bilateral hip replacements and this includes 30 revision cases for a total of 900 hip replacements. The Harris hip score rose from 43.7 to 91.5. In these cases the surgical time declined quickly from 240 minutes for the first case to 90 minutes. No intraoperative femoral fractures occurred in 900 cases. Other complications were comparable with total hip replacements performed using conventional techniques. The ROBODOC system is thought to be safe and effective in producing radiographically superior implant fit and positioning while eliminating femoral fractures.
Natural History of Streptococcus sanguinis in the Oral Cavity of Infants: Evidence for a Discrete Window of Infectivity (2000)

The heterogeneous group of oral bacteria within the sanguinis (sanguis) streptococci comprise members of the indigenous biota of the human oral cavity. While the association of Streptococcus sanguinis with bacterial endocarditis is well described in the literature, S. sanguinis is thought to play a benign, if not a beneficial, role in the oral cavity. Little is known, however, about the natural history of S. sanguinis and its specific relationship with other oral bacteria. As part of a longitudinal study concerning the transmission and acquisition of oral bacteria within mother-infant pairs, we examined the initial acquisition of S. sanguinis and described its colonization relative to tooth emergence and its proportions in plaque and saliva as a function of other biological events, including subsequent colonization with mutans streptococci. A second cohort of infants was recruited to define the taxonomic affiliation of S. sanguinis. We found that the colonization of the S. sanguinis occurs during a discrete "window of infectivity" at a median age of 9 months in the infants. Its colonization is tooth dependent and correlated to the time of tooth emergence; its proportions in saliva increase as new teeth emerge. In addition, early colonization of S. sanguinis and its elevated levels in the oral cavity were correlated to a significant delay in the colonization of mutans streptococci. Underpinning this apparent antagonism between S. sanguinis and mutans streptococci is the observation that after mutans streptococci colonize the infant, the levels of S. sanguinis decrease. Children who do not harbor detectable levels of mutans streptococci have significantly higher levels of S. sanguinis in their saliva than do children colonized with mutans streptococci. Collectively, these findings suggest that the colonization of S. sanguinis may influence the subsequent colonization of mutans streptococci, and this in turn may suggest several ecological approaches toward controlling dental caries.
The Impact of N-Glycosylation on the Functions of Polysialyltransferases (2001)

Poly-alpha-2,8-sialic acid (polysialic acid) is a post-translational modification of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and an important regulator of neuronal cell-cell interactions. The synthesis of polysialic acid depends on the two polysialyltransferases ST8SiaII and ST8SiaIV. Understanding the catalytic mechanisms of the polysialyltransferases is critical toward the aim of influencing physiological and pathophysiological functions mediated by polysialic acid. We recently demonstrated that polysialyltransferases are bifunctional enzymes exhibiting auto- and NCAM polysialylation activity. Autopolysialylation occurs on N-glycans of the enzymes, and glycosylation variants lacking sialic acid and galactose were found to be inactive for both auto- and NCAM polysialylation. In the present study, we have analyzed the number and functional importance of N-linked oligosaccharides present on polysialyltransferases. We demonstrate that autopolysialylation depends on specific N-glycans attached to Asn(74) in ST8SiaIV and Asn(89) and Asn(219) in ST8SiaII. Deletion of polysialic acid acceptor sites by site-directed mutagenesis rendered the polysialyltransferases inactive in vitro and in vivo. The inactivity of autopolysialylation-negative polysialyltransferases in vivo was not caused by the absence or default targeting of the enzymes. The data presented in this study clearly show that active polysialyltransferases are competent to perform autopolysialylation and provide strong evidence for a tight functional link between the two catalytic functions.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering from sputter-deposited silver surfaces (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSurface-enhanced Raman scattering from sputter-deposited silver surfacesJ. P. Davies, S. J. Pachuta, R. G. Cooks, and M. J. WeaverCite this: Anal. Chem. 1986, 58, 7, 1290–1294Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00298a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00298a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views249Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Temporal changes in cytokine/chemokine profiles and pulmonary involvement in severe acute respiratory syndrome (2006)

The early induction of IP-10 and IL-2, as well as the subsequent over-production of IL-6 and lack of IL-10 production, probably contribute to the main immuno-pathological processes involved in lung injury in SARS. These changes in cytokine/chemokine profile are remarkably different from those observed in CAP patients.