gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
More about the polymerization of lactides in the presence of stannous octoate (1997)

The ring-opening polymerization of lactide cyclic monomers in the bulk in the presence of tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (stannous octoate or SnOct2) was reexamined under conditions allowing for the end group characterization of growing chains by high-resolution 1H-NMR. Data collected for low values of the monomer/initiator (M/I) ratio showed that the DL-lactide ring was opened to yield lactyl octoate-terminated short chains. A cationic-type mechanism involving co-initiation by octanoic acid was proposed to account for experimental findings. The formation of a side product, hydroxytin(II) lactate (HTL), was found which appeared able to initiate lactide polymerization and to yield a high molecular weight PLA50 polymer. However the polymerization with stannous octoate was faster than the HTL one. Anyhow, data suggested that both SnOct2 and HTL are likely to act simultaneously as initiators during the polymerization of lactides in the presence of SnOct2. A complete reaction scheme was proposed to account for the presence of the various compounds likely to be formed under these conditions. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 3431–3440, 1997
A CMOS Image Sensor With On-Chip Image Compression Based on Predictive Boundary Adaptation and Memoryless QTD Algorithm (2010)

This paper presents the architecture, algorithm, and VLSI hardware of image acquisition, storage, and compression on a single-chip CMOS image sensor. The image array is based on time domain digital pixel sensor technology equipped with nondestructive storage capability using 8-bit Static-RAM device embedded at the pixel level. The pixel-level memory is used to store the uncompressed illumination data during the integration mode as well as the compressed illumination data obtained after the compression stage. An adaptive quantization scheme based on fast boundary adaptation rule (FBAR) and differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) procedure followed by an online, least storage quadrant tree decomposition (QTD) processing is proposed enabling a robust and compact image compression processor. A prototype chip including 64×64 pixels, read-out and control circuitry as well as an on-chip compression processor was implemented in 0.35 μm CMOS technology with a silicon area of 3.2×3.0 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and an overall power of 17 mW. Simulation and measurements results show compression figures corresponding to 0.6-1 bit-per-pixel (BPP), while maintaining reasonable peak signal-to-noise ratio levels.
Selective mono-facial modification of graphene oxide nanosheets in suspension (2015)

Graphene oxide (GO) is selectively functionalized on one face to prepare Janus platelets which are characterized by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. With this methodology, Janus GO platelets can be prepared without the use of a solid substrate and the two platelet faces can be orthogonally modified in a one-pot reaction.
Search Result Clustering Using Label Language Model (2008)

Search results clustering helps users to browse the search results and locate what they are looking for. In the search result clustering, the label selection which annotates a meaningful phrase for each cluster becomes the most fundamental issue. In this paper, we present a new method of using the language modeling approach over Dmoz for label selection, namely label language model. Experimental results show that our method is helpful to obtain meaningful clustering labels of search results. 1
Design of Heteroleptic Ir Complexes with Horizontal Emitting Dipoles for Highly Efficient Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with an External Quantum Efficiency of 38% (2016)

Orientation of emitting dipoles is one of the most important material properties influencing the efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Recently, even globular-shaped Ir complexes, especially heteroleptic Ir complexes, have been reported to have horizontal emitting dipole orientation (EDO) to improve the external quantum efficiency (EQE) over 30%. Still the relationship between molecular structure of Ir complexes and their EDO has not been fully understood yet. Here, we report that substituents at the para-position of the pyridine in the main ligands of Ir complexes play a pivotal role inducing the orientation of heteroleptic Ir complexes. Substitution of aliphatic and aromatic functional moieties at the position leads to high horizontal emitting dipole orientation with the horizontal dipole ratio up to 86.5% to realize unprecedentedly high-efficiency yellow and green OLEDs, with EQEs of 38% and 36%, respectively. Elongated and planar substituents with high electrostatic potential enlarge the interacting surface region between Ir complex and host molecules, resulting in stacking Ir complexes parallel to the film surface.
Gene Discovery through Expressed Sequence Tag Sequencing inTrypanosoma cruzi (1998)

Analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) constitutes a useful approach for gene identification that, in the case of human pathogens, might result in the identification of new targets for chemotherapy and vaccine development. As part of the Trypanosoma cruzi genome project, we have partially sequenced the 5' ends of 1, 949 clones to generate ESTs. The clones were randomly selected from a normalized CL Brener epimastigote cDNA library. A total of 14.6% of the clones were homologous to previously identified T. cruzi genes, while 18.4% had significant matches to genes from other organisms in the database. A total of 67% of the ESTs had no matches in the database, and thus, some of them might be T. cruzi-specific genes. Functional groups of those sequences with matches in the database were constructed according to their putative biological functions. The two largest categories were protein synthesis (23.3%) and cell surface molecules (10.8%). The information reported in this paper should be useful for researchers in the field to analyze genes and proteins of their own interest.
Effects of crystalline morphology on the tensile properties of electrospun polymer nanofibers (2008)

Crystalline morphology of electrospun polymeric nanofibers strongly influences the mechanical properties. In this study, electrospun polycaprolactone nanofibers with smaller diameters that are produced from dilute polymer solutions have a higher degree of molecular orientation, crystallinity, stiffness, and strength, but lower ductility. Nanofiber diameter and the resulting crystalline morphology is influenced by whether complete crystallization of polymer chains took place before or after the electrospinning jet has reached the collector. The former would result in the formation of smaller fibers with fibrillar structure and aligned lamellae, whereas, the latter would result in the formation of a misaligned lamellar structure.
Marked improvement of tardive dystonia after replacing haloperidol with risperidone in a schizophrenic patient. (1998)

We report on a schizophrenic patient whose tardive dystonia, delusions, and auditory hallucinations showed remarkable concurrent improvement after replacing haloperidol with risperidone. The present finding suggests that the 5-hydroxytryptamine-2 (5-HT2) antagonistic action of risperidone has brought about the improvement in tardive dystonia. The 5-HT2 antagonistic action of risperidone, in addition to its dopamine antagonistic action, may have also lessened psychotic symptoms in the current case.
Interactions of Polycations of Aluminum and Iron with Clays (1984)

Abstract Polycations of limited molecular size were prepared from 0.1 M solutions of Fe(III)(NO 3 ) 3 and A1(NO 3 ) 3 by ultrafiltration. Various amounts of the polycations were added to Na-kaolinite, Na-mont-morillonite, and a Na-soil clay and the effect on the flocculation of the clay and electrophoretic mobility compared. Flocculation occurred just before zero net charge was obtained. Addition of further polycation resulted in the dispersion of clay with a net positive charge. The Al polycations possessed a high positive charge (0.49 per gram atom of Al), and their interaction with the clays indicated a planar shape. Adsorption of Al polycations decreased markedly the cation-exchange capacities of the kaolinite and the soil clay but had little effect on surface areas determined by low-temperature N 2 adsorption. The Fe polycations were spheres 10–100 Å in diameter with a positive charge of 0.2 per gram atom. The surface areas of the kaolinite and the soil clay were substantially increased by the addition of the Fe polycations but their cation-exchange capacities were reduced by one fifth. Al polycations increased the surface areas of the montmorillonite (to 300 m 2 ) presumably by propping open the interlamellar spaces and rendering the a-b planes accessible for nitrogen adsorption. The Al polycations in interlamellar spaces prevented collapse to 14 Å on heating to 150°C. There was no evidence of regular interlayer Fe as might be anticipated from the size of the spheres.
New strategies to tackle diabetic kidney disease (2016)

DKD remains an area of active preclinical and clinical investigation. Positive results with some of the more promising agents should lead to strategies to reverse, attenuate or prevent DKD.
Syntheses and activities of antioxidant derivatives of retinoic acid (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses and activities of antioxidant derivatives of retinoic acidSteven C. Welch, John M. Gruber, and A. S. C. Prakasa RaoCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1982, 25, 1, 81–84Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00343a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00343a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views163Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Novel PTB-PDZ Domain Interaction Mediates Isoform-specific Ubiquitylation of Mammalian Numb (2004)

LNX was originally cloned as a Numb PTB-binding molecule, and it was subsequently found to act as a RING finger-type E3 ubiquitin ligase for the ubiquitylation and degradation of mNumb. Numb is a PTB domain-containing protein that functions as an intrinsic determinant of cell fate in asymmetric cell division. In mammals, four protein isoforms arise from alternative mRNA splicing. Here we report that while all four protein isoforms bind to LNX, only p72 and p66 Numb isoforms are ubiquitylated and degraded. The p72 and p66 Numb proteins differ from the other two isoforms by the presence of an 11-amino acid sequence insert in the PTB domain (PTBi). We demonstrate that the isoform-specific ubiquitylation of mNumb is due to a novel interaction between the first PDZ domain (PDZ1) of LNX and the PTBi variant. Deletion of LNX PDZ1 domain resulted in loss of ubiquitylation and subsequent degradation of the PTBi form of Numb. Interestingly efficient PTBi ubiquitylation not only depends on association with the LNX PDZ1 domain but also requires binding to the canonical PTB-binding motif NPAY in LNX. Thus two distinct modes of PTBi-mediated interaction with LNX work in concert to allow the effective and specific degradation of the p72 and p66 isoforms of mNumb.
An overview of current status of carbon dioxide capture and storage technologies (2014)

Global warming and climate change concerns have triggered global efforts to reduce the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) is considered a crucial strategy for meeting CO2 emission reduction targets. In this paper, various aspects of CCS are reviewed and discussed including the state of the art technologies for CO2 capture, separation, transport, storage, leakage, monitoring, and life cycle analysis. The selection of specific CO2 capture technology heavily depends on the type of CO2 generating plant and fuel used. Among those CO2 separation processes, absorption is the most mature and commonly adopted due to its higher efficiency and lower cost. Pipeline is considered to be the most viable solution for large volume of CO2 transport. Among those geological formations for CO2 storage, enhanced oil recovery is mature and has been practiced for many years but its economical viability for anthropogenic sources needs to be demonstrated. There are growing interests in CO2 storage in saline aquifers due to their enormous potential storage capacity and several projects are in the pipeline for demonstration of its viability. There are multiple hurdles to CCS deployment including the absence of a clear business case for CCS investment and the absence of robust economic incentives to support the additional high capital and operating costs of the whole CCS process.
Adjacent, cooperative elements form a strong, constitutive enhancer in the human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene [published erratum appears in Blood 1996 Oct 1;88(7):2818] (1996)

Both copies of a repeated sequence CATT(A/T), located between bp -53 and -39 in the upstream region of the human GM-CSF gene, are required for mitogen-inducible promoter activity in T lymphocytes. However, the proteins that recognize this region of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) promoter, and are responsible for its transcriptional regulatory activity, have not been clearly identified. Using transient transfection assays, we demonstrate that a 19-bp oligonucleotide containing the CATT(A/T) repeats has strong constitutive enhancer activity in both T cell and non-T-cell lines, even though GM-CSF is not normally constitutively expressed by these cells. A 12-bp oligonucleotide, containing only the sequence CATTAATCATTT, lacks enhancer activity indicating that the nucleotides surrounding these sequences are critical for this enhancer activity. The sequence TTTCCT, which can bind members of the ets family of transcription factors, is located just 3' of these CATT(A/T) repeats, and mutagenesis of the CCT sequence abolishes (1) the constitutive (and mitogen inducible) enhancer activity of the 19-bp GM-CSF sequences, (2) the responsiveness to transactivation by ets-1, and (3) the ability to specifically bind ets-1 and elf-1 in electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). We demonstrate that although T cells contain nuclear proteins capable of independently recognizing the ets binding site and the CATT(A/T) repeats in EMSAs, both of these regulatory elements are required for enhancer function. The strong constitutive activity of this 19-bp region suggests that negative regulation of the GM-CSF promoter is critical for the restricted expression pattern of GM-CSF mRNA.
Heteroepitaxial growth of InP/In0.52Ga0.48As structures on GaAs (100) by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy (1993)

High quality In0.52Ga0.48As, InP, and In0.52Ga0.48As/InP single quantum wells were grown on GaAs (100) by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy (GSMBE) with a 2-μm thick InxGa1−xAs buffer layer where x was linearly graded from 0 to 0.52. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction patterns and specular beam intensity oscillations showed that the growth mode of In0.52Ga0.48As and InP were layer by layer despite the lattice mismatch (Δa/a=3.8%) between InP and GaAs. Photoluminescence line widths at 10 K of a 1-μm thick InP and a 5-nm wide In0.52Ga0.48As/InP single quantum well are 4.9 and 10 meV, respectively, which are comparable to the values measured from similar structures grown lattice matched on an InP substrate (3.5 and 7 meV, respectively) by the same GSMBE system. The quantum-well luminescence intensity is also comparable to lattice-matched samples.
Generation of Transgenic Mice Expressing High Levels of Activated Murine Coagulation Factor VII. (2004)

Abstract Treatment of acute bleeding episodes in hemophilic patients with inhibitors can be successfully managed by the infusion of recombinant human factor VIIa (rhFVII, NovoSeven“). We have recently shown the efficacy of a gene transfer approach to treat hemophilia B (HB) mice by adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing activated murine FVII (mFVIIa) (J Clin Invest. 2004 Apr; 113(7): 1025–31). To assess the consequences of long-term expression of different levels of mFVIIa, we generated transgenic mice expressing mFVIIa driven by a liver-restricted (transthyretin) promoter. Results from four founders have been analyzed. The levels of mFVII antigen in both founders and their offspring were 3.5–7.5 microgram/ml, about 2.5–5 fold the baseline compared to their non-transgenic littermates. Moreover, the expressed protein retains its coagulation activity in the extrinsic pathway as demonstrated by shortening of the prothrombin time (PT) from 22.3±0.6 sec in the non-transgenic mice to 12.3±1.6 sec in the transgenic littermates. We found two male HB mice that were also transgenic for mFVIIa, resulting from the breeding of one male founder and an HB heterozygote female. The high levels of mFVII antigen (7.5 and 5.5 microgram/ml) were accompanied by significantly shorter PTs (9.8 and 12.3, respectively) compared to wild-type baseline of 22 sec, and most importantly, by a shorter activated partial thromboblastin time (aPTT) compared to their two HB littermates (36.3 and 28.8 versus 61.3 and 61.8 sec, respectively), i.e., mice transgenic for mFVIIa show aPTT similar to their wild type littermates. Additionally, kinetics and general characteristics of in vivo clot formation after laser-induced injuries to the arteries of the cremaster muscle were similar in an HB-mFVIIa transgenic mouse (the only one tested) and in normal mice, while clots were absent in HB control mice. On the other hand, thrombin anti-thrombin (TAT) levels in the transgenic mice were comparable to their HB and wild type littermates. These findings support the efficacy and safety of a gene therapy approach for the expression of mFVIIa and should further allow us to assess the risk of continuous expression of elevated levels of mFVIIa in mouse plasma.
Semi-Supervised Self-Training of Object Detection Models (2005)

The construction of appearance-based object detection systems is time-consuming and difficult because a large number of training examples must be collected and manually labeled in order to capture variations in object appearance. Semi-supervised training is a means for reducing the effort needed to prepare the training set by training the model with a small number of fully labeled examples and an additional set of unlabeled or weakly labeled examples. In this work we present a semi-supervised approach to training object detection systems based on self-training. We implement our approach as a wrapper around the training process of an existing object detector and present empirical results. The key contributions of this empirical study is to demonstrate that a model trained in this manner can achieve results comparable to a model trained in the traditional manner using a much larger set of fully labeled data, and that a training data selection metric that is defined independently of the detector greatly outperforms a selection metric based on the detection confidence generated by the detector.
The Uses of Nuclear Disintegration in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Brain Tumor (1951)

IN THE utilization of isotopes to aid in the clinical management of intracranial tumors that has been developed at this hospital in the past few years, we have been aided by many workers. The time at which an elaborate addition to the hospital's investigative facilities is brought into action is perhaps a suitable time to draw attention to the diversity of talents that has been required for making some headway in such a limited field as that of brain tumors.About four years ago, when Dr. Selverstone and I were receiving our first education in the use of radioactive isotopes . . .
Innate Immune Activation Through Nalp3 Inflammasome Sensing of Asbestos and Silica (2008)

The inhalation of airborne pollutants, such as asbestos or silica, is linked to inflammation of the lung, fibrosis, and lung cancer. How the presence of pathogenic dust is recognized and how chronic inflammatory diseases are triggered are poorly understood. Here, we show that asbestos and silica are sensed by the Nalp3 inflammasome, whose subsequent activation leads to interleukin-1beta secretion. Inflammasome activation is triggered by reactive oxygen species, which are generated by a NADPH oxidase upon particle phagocytosis. (NADPH is the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate.) In a model of asbestos inhalation, Nalp3-/- mice showed diminished recruitment of inflammatory cells to the lungs, paralleled by lower cytokine production. Our findings implicate the Nalp3 inflammasome in particulate matter-related pulmonary diseases and support its role as a major proinflammatory "danger" receptor.
Role of alphabeta and gammadelta T cells in the host response to Salmonella infection as demonstrated in T-cell-receptor-deficient mice of defined Ity genotypes (1997)

Salmonella spp. are facultative intracellular bacteria which enter the body through the intestinal tract. We studied the roles of T cells expressing either the alpha and beta chains or the gamma and delta chains of the T-cell receptor (alphabeta T cells or gammadelta T cells, respectively) in the host defense against Salmonella using mice genetically deficient in either alphabeta T cells, gammadelta T cells, or both T-cell subsets. These mutant strains of mice were infected orally or intraperitoneally with Salmonella dublin, and the progression of the disease was monitored by determining bacterial numbers in the feces, gut wall, Peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, and liver. Since susceptibility to Salmonella infection in mice is strongly affected by the alleles at the Ity locus, T-cell-mutant mice with either the Ity-sensitive or Ity-resistant phenotype were tested for resistance to S. dublin infection. We found that even though large numbers of intraepithelial and mucosal alphabeta and gammadelta T cells populate the normal intestine, they have no role in controlling the invasion of S. dublin into the intestine or the subsequent bacterial replication in the Peyer's patches or gut wall. Furthermore, systemic infections were equally severe for the first 6 days in normal, alphabeta T-cell-deficient, and gammadelta T-cell-deficient mice, and alphabeta but not gammadelta T cells were required for clearance of S. dublin, regardless of the Ity phenotype. However, mice that lacked both T-cell subsets had higher bacterial counts in their livers 15 to 18 days after infection than did alphabeta T-cell-deficient mice, suggesting that gammadelta T cells can contribute to acquired immunity to S. dublin.