gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
O6‐methylguanine DNA methyltransferase and p53 status predict temozolomide sensitivity in human malignant glioma cells (2006)

Temozolomide (TMZ) is a methylating agent which prolongs survival when administered during and after radiotherapy in the first-line treatment of glioblastoma and which also has significant activity in recurrent disease. O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is a DNA repair enzyme attributed a role in cancer cell resistance to O6-alkylating agent-based chemotherapy. Using a panel of 12 human glioma cell lines, we here defined the sensitivity to TMZ in acute cytotoxicity and clonogenic survival assays in relation to MGMT, mismatch repair and p53 status and its modulation by dexamethasone, irradiation and BCL-X(L). We found that the levels of MGMT expression were a major predictor of TMZ sensitivity in human glioma cells. MGMT activity and clonogenic survival after TMZ exposure are highly correlated (p < 0.0001, r2 = 0.92). In contrast, clonogenic survival after TMZ exposure does not correlate with the expression levels of the mismatch repair proteins mutS homologue 2, mutS homologue 6 or post-meiotic segregation increased 2. The MGMT inhibitor O6-benzylguanine sensitizes MGMT-positive glioma cells to TMZ whereas MGMT gene transfer into MGMT-negative cells confers protection. The antiapoptotic BCL-X(L) protein attenuates TMZ cytotoxicity in MGMT-negative LNT-229 but not in MGMT-positive LN-18 cells. Neither ionizing radiation (4 Gy) nor clinically relevant concentrations of dexamethasone modulate MGMT activity or TMZ sensitivity. Abrogation of p53 wild-type function strongly attenuates TMZ cytotoxicity. Conversely, p53 mimetic agents designed to stabilize the wild-type conformation of p53 sensitize glioma cells for TMZ cytotoxicity. Collectively, these results suggest that the determination of MGMT expression and p53 status will help to identify glioma patients who will or will not respond to TMZ.
Calcium‐induced Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum of pigs susceptible to malignant hyperthermia (1983)

Calcium-induced calcium release and halothane-induced calcium release from pig sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) were studied. The SR prepared from pigs susceptible to malignant hyperthermia (MH) was shown to release calcium at a much lower level of calcium content than in normal pig SR. The concentration above which halothane can release calcium is 40 microM for both MH-SR and normal SR, although the latter required a high calcium content to demonstrate the calcium release. Dantrolene was shown to inhibit the halothane-induced calcium release. Results suggest that SR plays an important role in pathogenesis of MH.
Influence of Genetic Background on Genetically Engineered Mouse Phenotypes (2009)

The history of mouse genetics, which involves the study of strain-dependent phenotype variability, makes it clear that the genetic background onto which a gene-targeted allele is placed can cause considerable variation in genetically engineered mouse (GEM) phenotype. This variation can present itself as completely different phenotypes, as variations in penetrance of phenotype, or as variable expressivity of phenotype. In this chapter we provide examples from gene-targeting literature showing each of these types of phenotype variation. We discuss ways in which modifier genes can affect the phenotype of a mouse with a mutant gene, and we give examples of modifier locus identification. We also review approaches to minimize gene polymorphism and flanking gene differences between experimental animals, and between them and their controls. In addition, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of performing the first analysis of a knockout mouse on a mixed genetic background. We conclude that a mixed background provides the quickest preview of possible strain-dependent phenotypes (1 , 2). Finally, we review recent approaches to improving genetic diversity by generating new inbred strains that encompass a broader range of alleles within the mouse species.
Vibrational Anharmonicities Revealed by Coherent Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy (2001)

Two-dimensional infrared photon echo spectroscopy has been used to describe the anharmonic nuclear potential of two coupled molecular vibrations. The two-dimensional spectrum shows diagonal and off-diagonal features, each composed of two peaks. The splitting between these peaks is directly related to the anharmonicity, while the relative amplitude of the diagonal and off-diagonal features describes the projection angle between interacting dipoles.
Interleukin‐1 lymphocyte chemotactic activity in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid (1986)

We examined the role of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the chemotactic activity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fluid (SF). Crude RA SF was found to be chemotactic for B cells and T cells. After AcA 54 gel filtration, the principal peaks of chemotactic activity were found in the 5-kd, 16-kd, and 60-kd fractions. The majority of the chemotactic activity for both the B cells (74-85%) and the T cells (69-78%) was removed from these fractions by treatment with anti-IL-1 antibody. However, in crude SF, approximately 60% of the chemotactic activity for B cells and 40% of that for T cells was removed, indicating the presence of additional chemotactic factors in RA SF. IL-1 activity, measured by the thymocyte proliferation assay, was demonstrated in RA SF AcA 54 Ultrogel fractions after separation from inhibitors of thymocyte proliferation that are present in crude SF. On chromatofocusing of the 16-kd fraction, the principal peaks of both thymocyte proliferation activity and chemotactic activity were present in the same fractions with pI values of 6.8, 5.7, and 5.2, which are characteristic of IL-1. The demonstration of IL-1-associated chemotactic activity in RA SF may reflect the presence in the RA synovial membrane (including both the lining layer and the subsynovial layer) of activated macrophages, interstitial histiocytic cells, and other IL-1-producing cells, such as endothelial cells. These findings suggest that such cells may attract lymphocytes to their environment by secretion of IL-1.
Ultra-Low Bending Loss Single-Mode Fiber for FTTH (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A new ultra-low bending loss single-mode fiber with ring comprising nanometer sized features is designed and manufactured. Bending loss less than 0.1 dB/turn at 1550 nm and a bend radius of 5 mm is demonstrated. Other optical parameters of the fiber are fully compatible the standard telecommunications grade single-mode fibers. </para>
Recombinant human stem cell factor (kit ligand) promotes human mast cell and melanocyte hyperplasia and functional activation in vivo. (1996)

Stem cell factor (SCF), also known as mast cell growth factor, kit ligand, and steel factor, is the ligand for the tyrosine kinase receptor (SCFR) that is encoded by the c-kit proto-oncogene. We analyzed the effects of recombinant human SCF (r-hSCF, 5-50 micrograms/kg/day, injected subcutaneously) on mast cells and melanocytes in a phase I study of 10 patients with advanced breast carcinoma. A wheal and flare reaction developed at each r-hSCF injection site; by electron microscopy, most dermal mast cells at these sites exhibited extensive, anaphylactic-type degranulation. A 14-d course of r-hSCF significantly increased dermal mast cell density at sites distant to those injected with the cytokine and also increased both urinary levels of the major histamine metabolite, methyl-histamine, and serum levels of mast cell alpha-tryptase. Five subjects developed areas of persistent hyperpigmentation at r-hSCF injection sites; by light microscopy, these sites exhibited markedly increased epidermal melanization and increased numbers of melanocytes. The demonstration that r-hSCF can promote both the hyperplasia and the functional activation of human mast cells and melanocytes in vivo has implications for our understanding of the role of endogenous SCF in health and disease. These findings also indicate that the interaction between SCF and its receptor represents a potential therapeutic target for regulating the numbers and functional activity of both mast cells and cutaneous melanocytes.
PLANO CRUZADO, INFLAÇÃO 100% INERCIAL: UM TESTE DE AJUSTAMENTO DE MODELOS ARIMA (1998)

O artigo e um exercicio de estimacao Modelos Arima, que repete o teste sobre a hipotese de inflacao 100% inercial adotada pelos formuladores do Plano Cruzado e criticada por economistas como Barbosa e Pereira (1989), Simonsen (1998), entre outros. O modelo que melhor se ajustou aos dados mensais de inflacao - periodo de janeiro de 1979 a fevereiro de 1986 - foi o Arima(1,1,1), o que corrobora as criticas impingidas ao referido plano economico. Palavras-chaves: inflacao 100% inercial, Plano Cruzado, modelos Arima.
Improving empiric antibiotic selection using computer decision support (1994)

<h3>Background:</h3> Physicians frequently need to start antibiotic therapy before the results of bacterial cultures and antibiotic susceptibility tests are available. We developed and evaluated a computerized antibiotic consultant to assist physicians in the selection of appropriate empiric antibiotics. <h3>Methods:</h3> We used a two-stage random-selection study to compare antibiotics suggested by the antibiotic consultant with 482 associated antibiotic susceptibility results and the concurrent antibiotics ordered by physicians. The antibiotics ordered by randomized physicians were then compared between crossover periods of antibiotic consultant use. <h3>Results:</h3> The antibiotic consultant suggested an antibiotic regimen to which all isolated pathogens were shown to be susceptible for 453 (94%) of 482 culture results, while physicians ordered an antibiotic regimen to which all isolated pathogens were susceptible for 369 culture results (77%) (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). The physicians who prescribed antibiotics to which all pathogens were susceptible did so a mean of 21 hours after the culture specimens were collected. Physicians ordered appropriate antibiotics within 12 hours of the culture collection significantly more often when they had use of the antibiotic consultant than during the period before use (<i>P</i>&lt;.035). Moreover, 88% of the physicians stated they would recommend the program to other physicians, 85% said the program improved their antibiotic selection, and 81% said they felt use of the program improved patient care. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Information from computer-based medical records can be used to help improve physicians' selection of empiric antibiotics for infections. (Arch Intern Med. 1994;154:878-884)
Angiogenesis Inhibitors Endostatin or TNP-470 Reduce Intimal Neovascularization and Plaque Growth in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice (1999)

Prolonged treatment with either angiogenesis inhibitor reduced plaque growth and intimal neovascularization in apoE -/- mice. Although the mechanism of plaque inhibition induced by these agents is not established, these results suggest that intimal neovascularization may promote plaque development.
Distance on a Hexagonal Grid (1976)

A simple formula is derived for the distance between two points on a hexagonal grid, in terms of coordinates with respect to a pair of oblique axes.
Copper‐Mediated CH/CH Biaryl Coupling of Benzoic Acid Derivatives and 1,3‐Azoles (2013)

Hot couple: A precious-metal-free copper-mediated intermolecular direct biaryl coupling of benzoic acid derivatives and 1,3-azoles has been developed. The key to success is the installation of an amide-based bidentate coordinating group, which is easily removed and transformed into the parent ester groups after the coupling reaction. Kinetic studies indicate that the rate-limiting step is the aromatic CH bond cleavage of benzoic acid derivatives. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Si IC development for high efficiency envelope tracking power amplifiers (2012)

Envelope tracking provides the potential for achieving high efficiency in power amplifiers for next generation wireless systems with high peak-to-average ratio signals such as LTE. Envelope modulators with low cost, high efficiency and wide bandwidth are critical enablers for the widespread application of ET. This presentation reviews the development of various Si ICs for ET applications in basestation PAs and in handset PAs. Requirements of voltage swing, bandwidth, and accuracy are first described. BCD technology-based Si ICs for envelope modulators achieving voltages as high as 50V are presented, for operation in basestations with LDMOS and GaN RF power transistors. CMOS-based Si envelope modulator ICs for operation in wireless handsets are also discussed. ET amplifiers that achieve overall efficiency as high as 45% in 20MHz LTE handset applications are presented.
Epigenetic Down-Regulation and Suppressive Role of DCBLD2 in Gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation and Invasion (2008)

The promoter region of Discoidin, CUB and LCCL domain containing 2 (DCBLD2) was found to be aberrantly methylated in gastric cancer cell lines and in primary gastric cancers, as determined by restriction landmark genomic scanning. DCBLD2 expression was inversely correlated with DCBLD2 methylation in gastric cancer cell lines. Treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and trichostatin A partially reversed DCBLD2 methylation and restored gene expression in DCBLD2-silenced cell lines. In an independent series of 82 paired gastric cancers and adjacent normal tissues, DCBLD2 expression was down-regulated in 79% of gastric cancers as compared with normal tissues as measured by real-time reverse transcription-PCR. Pyrosequencing analysis of the DCBLD2 promoter region revealed abnormal hypermethylation in gastric cancers, and this hypermethylation was significantly correlated with down-regulation of DCBLD2 expression. Furthermore, ectopic expression of DCBLD2 in gastric cancer cell lines inhibited colony formation in both anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent cultures and also inhibited invasion through the collagen matrix. These data suggest that down-regulation of DCBLD2, often associated with promoter hypermethylation, is a frequent event that may be related to the development of gastric cancer.
Genomic Islands in the Pathogenic Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus fumigatus (2008)

We present the genome sequences of a new clinical isolate of the important human pathogen, Aspergillus fumigatus, A1163, and two closely related but rarely pathogenic species, Neosartorya fischeri NRRL181 and Aspergillus clavatus NRRL1. Comparative genomic analysis of A1163 with the recently sequenced A. fumigatus isolate Af293 has identified core, variable and up to 2% unique genes in each genome. While the core genes are 99.8% identical at the nucleotide level, identity for variable genes can be as low 40%. The most divergent loci appear to contain heterokaryon incompatibility (het) genes associated with fungal programmed cell death such as developmental regulator rosA. Cross-species comparison has revealed that 8.5%, 13.5% and 12.6%, respectively, of A. fumigatus, N. fischeri and A. clavatus genes are species-specific. These genes are significantly smaller in size than core genes, contain fewer exons and exhibit a subtelomeric bias. Most of them cluster together in 13 chromosomal islands, which are enriched for pseudogenes, transposons and other repetitive elements. At least 20% of A. fumigatus-specific genes appear to be functional and involved in carbohydrate and chitin catabolism, transport, detoxification, secondary metabolism and other functions that may facilitate the adaptation to heterogeneous environments such as soil or a mammalian host. Contrary to what was suggested previously, their origin cannot be attributed to horizontal gene transfer (HGT), but instead is likely to involve duplication, diversification and differential gene loss (DDL). The role of duplication in the origin of lineage-specific genes is further underlined by the discovery of genomic islands that seem to function as designated "gene dumps" and, perhaps, simultaneously, as "gene factories".
Theory of the linewidth of semiconductor lasers (1982)

A theory of the spectral width of a single-mode semiconductor laser is presented and used to explain the recent measurements of Fleming and Mooradian on AlGaAs lasers. They found the linewidth to be inversely proportional to power and to have a value of 114 MHz at 1 mW per facet. This value is 30 times greater than can be explained by existing theories. The enhanced linewidth is attributed to the variation of the real refractive index <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n'</tex> with carrier density. Spontaneous emission induces phase and intensity changes in the laser field. The restoration of the laser to its steady-state intensity results in changes in the imaginary part of the refractive index <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\Delta n"</tex> . These changes are accompanied by changes in the real part of the refractive index <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\Delta n'</tex> , which cause additional phase fluctuations and line broadening. The linewidth enhancement is shown to be <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1 + \alpha^{2}</tex> , where <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\alpha = \Delta n'/\Delta n"</tex> . A value of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\alpha \approx 5.4</tex> , needed to explain the observed linewidth, is close to the experimental values of a of 4.6 and 6.2.
Botulinum neurotoxin to treat chronic anal fissure: results of a randomized ‘Botox vs. Dysport’ controlled trial (2004)

Botulinum neurotoxin may be considered an effective treatment in patients with chronic anal fissure. The efficacy and tolerability of the two different formulations of botulinum neurotoxin were indistinguishable.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for AIDS-related malignancies (2010)

The potential future applications of autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation are the cure of the malignancy as well as the underlying HIV infection by either transplantation of naturally resistant or genetically modified stem cells.
Liquid-chromatographic estimation of saturated phospholipid palmitate in amniotic fluid compared with a thin-layer chromatographic method for acetone-precipitated lecithin. (1982)

The "high-performance" liquid-chromatographic method we report for measuring palmitate derived from saturated phospholipids in amniotic fluid is sensitive and precise and possesses a wide dynamic range. Palmitate from nonsurfactant sources is largely excluded. The procedure involves oxidation of the chloroform/methanol-extracted lipids with osmium tetroxide, precipitation of the resulting phosphatides with cold acetone, mild alkaline hydrolysis, derivatization of the liberated fatty acids to phenacyl esters, and reversed-phase chromatography. The method is no less convenient or more time-consuming than measurement of the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio by thin-layer chromatography. The clinical usefulness of the procedure is indicated by results of a correlative study of 26 amniotic fluids evaluated by "lung profile" tests in a second laboratory. A value for dipalmitoyl lecithin of 13 mg/L or greater indicates fetal lung maturity.
Microinductor for flip-chip micropower source (2003)

The rapid reduction of line width of large-scale integration (LSI) processes to a width of under 100 nm and the lowering of voltage to below 1 V to drive LSI, in addition to the sharp market growth of personal IT devices using lithium batteries, have seriously raised energy consumption around the world, necessitating the adoption of energy-saving technology using distributed small dc-dc convertors. In light of these demands, using new power microelectromechanical system technology and continuous deposition technology, we have developed a new microinductor with a thickness of 300 /spl mu/m. The magnetic core, consisting of CoFeSiB-Ti-SiO/sub 2/ multilayer film on a polyimide sheet, is applicable to a microinductor using a helical coil. In comparison with a mono-layer core such as a ferrite core, due to the magnetic shielding effect of each magnetic layers, a composite multilayer magnetic core is very effective in maintaining inductance up to a high dc current over 1 A. This paper proposes the use of microinductors characterized by high quality, superior dc-biased properties and low height as flip-chip sized micropower sources.
RNase L: Its biological roles and regulation (2006)

2'-5'oligoadenylate-dependent ribonuclease L (RNase L) is one of the key enzymes involved in the function of interferons (IFNs), a family of cytokines participating in innate immunity against viruses and other microbial pathogens. Upon binding with its activator, 5'-phosphorylated, 2'-5' linked oligoadenylates (2-5A), RNase L degrades single-stranded viral and cellular RNAs and thus plays an important role in the antiviral and antiproliferative functions of IFNs. In recent years, evidence has revealed that RNase L displays a broad range of biological roles which are summarized in this review.
Unexpectedly Facile Hydrolysis of Digoxin Esters. The Importance of Appropriate Controls in Lipase-Mediated Hydrolysis (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUnexpectedly Facile Hydrolysis of Digoxin Esters. The Importance of Appropriate Controls in Lipase-Mediated HydrolysisMaciej Adamczyk, John C. Gebler, and Jonathan GroteCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 11, 3557–3560Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00116a053https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00116a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views134Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts