gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monoclonal antibody 44‐3A6 as an adjunct in cytodiagnosis of adenocarcinomas in body fluids (1993)

Monoclonal antibody (MCA) 44-3A6 detects a cell-surface transmembrane phosphoprotein frequently expressed by pulmonary adenocarcinoma (AC) and associated with glandular differentiation. This antibody has been found to have utility in assessing routine formalin fixed paraffin-embedded pulmonary neoplasms, as well as the cytopathological evaluation of sputum and bronchial brushings. Recently, it has been shown to be useful in cytological diagnosis of pleural effusions. This study is directed at evaluating its effectiveness in detecting immunoreactive neoplastic cells in body fluids (BF) arising in other tissues. A retrospective cohort of 57 cases was studied, consisting of 36 pleural, 19 ascitic, and 2 pericardial BF. After evaluation of Papanicolaou-stained slides, the BF specimens were immunostained with MCA 44-3A6 using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method. In 29 cases, tissue sections of the primary tumors, were also available for immunostaining with MCA 44-3A6. Results showed that 39/42 (93%) of AC BF cases were positive and 28/42 (66%) stained intensely (3-4+) with 75-100% of the AC cells staining in each case. All of the 18 benign and non-AC malignant BF were negative. The staining patterns in the tissue sections of the 29 cases that had corresponding BF samples were similar. We conclude from this study that the MCA 44-3A6 (1) is useful in detecting cells consistent with AC in BF; (2) does not stain inflammatory cells or reactive mesothelial cells, thus helping distinguish reactive from malignant BF; and (3) frequency and pattern of expression in BF parallels its expression in tissue specimens. This study confirms that this MCA is a useful adjunct tool in the cytopathological evaluation of BF.
Oxidative Stress and Lipid Peroxidation Products in Cancer Progression and Therapy (2012)

The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an altered redox status are common biochemical aspects in cancer cells. ROS can react with the polyunsaturated fatty acids of lipid membranes and induce lipid peroxidation. The end products of lipid peroxidation, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), have been considered to be a second messenger of oxidative stress. Beyond ROS involvement in carcinogenesis, increased ROS level can inhibit tumor cell growth. Indeed, in tumors in advanced stages, a further increase of oxidative stress, such as that occurs when using several anticancer drugs and radiation therapy, can overcome the antioxidant defenses of cancer cells and drive them to apoptosis. High concentrations of HNE can also induce apoptosis in cancer cells. However, some cells escape the apoptosis induced by chemical or radiation therapy through the adaptation to intrinsic oxidative stress which confers drug resistance. This paper is focused on recent advances in the studies of the relation between oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation products, and cancer progression with particular attention to the pro-oxidant anticancer agents and the drug-resistant mechanisms, which could be modulated to obtain a better response to cancer therapy.
Cloning and screening of sequences expressed in a mouse colon tumor. (1982)

Polyadenylic acid-containing cytoplasmic RNA was isolated from a dimethylhydrazine-induced mouse transplantable colon carcinoma. Double-stranded complementary DNA synthesized using these molecules was inserted into the HindIII site of pBR322 using HindIII linkers, and the recombinant molecules were cloned in Escherichia coli. Clones were screened with labeled complementary DNA synthesized from the polyadenylic acid-containing cytoplasmic RNA of the tumor or normal mouse colon, liver, or kidney. Of 378 clones screened with the normal colon and tumor probes, seven showed major increases in abundance in the tumor tissue as compared to normal, and one showed a major decrease. Twenty-five other sequences were found which showed smaller increases and 22 showed smaller decreases. Of 373 clones screened with tumor, colon, liver, and kidney probes, 79% exhibited little evidence of tissue specificity in expression. The data for those sequences which do show tissue-specific regulation of expression suggest that the tumor continues to express sequences characteristic of the colon but also shows a loss, or decrease, in other gene products, most of which (19 of 25) are characteristic of the colon. Finally, nine of 10 sequences which increase from low abundance in the normal colon to high abundance in the tumor are found at a moderate to high level in the liver and kidney. On the other hand, 23 of 36 sequences which show more modest increases in the tumor as compared to normal are scarce or absent in the liver and kidney.
Estimating image blur in the wavelet domain (2002)

In this paper, a wavelet based method is proposed to estimate the blur in an image using information contained in the image itself. We look at the sharpness of the sharpest edges in the blurred image, which contain information about the blurring. Specifically, a smoothness measure, the Lipschitz exponent, is computed for these sharpest edges. Its value is related to the variance of a gaussian point spread function. This value is only dependent on the blur in the image and not on the image contents. This allows us to estimate the variance of the blur directly from the image itself. With minor modifications, the method can be extended to other types of blur that are described by one parameter (airy disks, out-of-focus blur, …).
Interferon‐lambda as a new approach for treatment of allergic asthma? (2011)

Asthma is a heterogeneous inflammatory disorder of the lung caused principally by sensitization and exposure to an allergen, but also influenced by environmental factors such as cigarette smoking, stress, exercise, pollution, respiratory virus infection and certain respiratory bacteria. The cardinal features of asthma include wheeze, shortness of breath, variable and reversible airway obstruction, airway hyperresponsiveness, mucus production and airway inflammation. Allergic asthma is the most common form of asthma, caused by sensitization and exposure via the airways to a number of innocuous allergens including proteins from house dust mites, animals, moulds and tree and grass pollens. Sensitization and challenge elicits a response from Th2 helper T cells and, through the actions of interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐13, IgE production, airway eosinophilia, mast cell activation, mucus production and airway hyperreactivity ensues. Mild asthma can be well controlled by inhaled steroid therapies or inhaled steroid‐β2 agonist combinations. However, in moderate to severe asthma, adequate control frequently cannot be achieved with these therapies, and new and better treatments are therefore required.

Asthma exacerbations are acute attacks of asthma when an otherwise ‘stable’ asthmatic experiences a rapid increase in symptoms accompanied by decreased lung function, most often precipitated by a respiratory virus infection. Asthma exacerbations are responsible for the vast majority of the morbidity and mortality associated with asthma; and represent an area not well controlled by current therapy regimes. The search for new asthma therapies remains an intensive area of interest, and the last 10 years have seen a number of novel therapeutic strategies applied to both stable asthma and asthma exacerbations, including new formulations of steroids and β2 agonists, anti‐Th2 cytokine therapies, anti‐TNF‐α therapies, etc.

The work by Koltsida et al (Koltsida et al, 2011) in this issue of EMBO Molecular Medicine is of outstanding importance in this regard for …
Relationship Between Regional Cardiac Hyperinnervation and Ventricular Arrhythmia (2000)

There is an association between a history of spontaneous ventricular arrhythmia and an increased density of sympathetic nerves in patients with severe heart failure. These findings suggest that abnormally increased postinjury sympathetic nerve density may be in part responsible for the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death in these patients.
Hereditary breast cancer: an overview (2003)

Now that the Human Genome Project has mapped the entire sequence of human DNA, knowledge of which mutated genes are involved in which cancers is expected to accumulate at an unprecedented pace. It is already possible to test for genetic susceptibility to some cancers such as hereditary breast cancer. This article examines the genetics that underpin such testing, the clinical and psychological ramifications for families involved in testing and the role of the nurse in genetic testing.
Characterization of a cellular protease that cleaves Pseudomonas exotoxin (1992)

Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) is a 66-kDa bacterial toxin that is proteolytically cleaved by cells to produce an N-terminal fragment of 28 kDa and a C-terminal 37-kDa fragment which translocates to the cytosol and inhibits protein synthesis (M. Ogata, V.K. Chaudhary, I. Pastan, and D.J. FitzGerald, J. Biol. Chem. 265:20678-20685, 1990). When cells were broken by homogenization, the appropriate proteolytic activity was found associated with cellular membranes and not in a soluble fraction. Proteolysis of PE by crude membranes was stimulated by divalent cations, was ATP independent, and had a pH optimum of 5.5. When cells were disrupted by nitrogen cavitation and fractionated on Percoll gradients, proteolytic activity was present in fractions corresponding to the density of plasma membranes or endosomes but not in fractions containing lysosomes. Proteolytic activity was recovered in detergent extracts after crude membranes were treated with Nonidet P-40 or octylglucoside. Proteolysis of PE by either crude membranes or detergent extracts generated fragments of 28 and 37 kDa. The sizes of these fragments resembled those produced by intact cells. However, when the nontoxic mutant, PEgly276, which cannot be cleaved appropriately by intact cells, was incubated with membranes or extracts there was no production of the 28- and 37-kDa fragments.
Modulation of Innate Immune Responses with Synthetic Lipid A Derivatives (2007)

The lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) initiates innate immune responses by interacting with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which results in the production of a wide range of cytokines. Derivatives of lipid A show potential for use as immuno-modulators for the treatment of a wide range of diseases and as adjuvants for vaccinations. Development to these ends requires a detailed knowledge of patterns of cytokines induced by a wide range of derivatives. This information is difficult to obtain by using isolated compounds due to structural heterogeneity and possible contaminations with other inflammatory components. To address this problem, we have developed a synthetic approach that provides easy access to a wide range of lipid A's by employing a common disaccharide building block functionalized with a versatile set of protecting groups. The strategy was employed for the preparation of lipid A's derived from E. coli and S. typhimurium. Mouse macrophages were exposed to the synthetic compounds and E. coli 055:B5 LPS, and the resulting supernatants were examined for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon beta (IFN-beta), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), RANTES, and IL-1beta. It was found that for each compound, the potencies (EC50 values) for the various cytokines differed by as much as 100-fold. These differences did not follow a bias toward a MyD88- or TRIF-dependent response. Instead, it was established that the observed differences in potencies of secreted TNF-alpha and IL-1beta were due to differences in the processing of respective pro-proteins. Examination of the efficacies (maximum responses) of the various cytokines showed that each synthetic compound and E. coli 055:B5 LPS induced similar efficacies for the production of IFN-beta and IP-10. However, lipid A's 1-4 gave lower efficacies for the production of RANTES and IL-6 as compared to LPS. Collectively, the presented results demonstrate that cytokine secretion induced by LPS and lipid A is complex, which can be exploited for the development of immuno-modulating therapies.
The N-terminal SH4 Region of the Src Family Kinase Fyn Is Modified by Methylation and Heterogeneous Fatty Acylation (2004)

The N-terminal SH4 domain of Src family kinases is responsible for promoting membrane binding and plasma membrane targeting. Most Src family kinases contain an N-terminal Met-Gly-Cys consensus sequence that undergoes dual acylation with myristate and palmitate after removal of methionine. Previous studies of Src family kinase fatty acylation have relied on radiolabeling of cells with radioactive fatty acids. Although this method is useful for verifying that a given fatty acid is attached to a protein, it does not reveal whether other fatty acids or other modifying groups are attached to the protein. Here we use matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry to identify fatty acylated species of the Src family kinase Fyn. Our results reveal that Fyn is efficiently myristoylated and that some of the myristoylated proteins are also heterogeneously S-acylated with palmitate, palmitoleate, stearate, or oleate. Furthermore, we show for the first time that Fyn is trimethylated at lysine residues 7 and/or 9 within its N-terminal region. Both myristoylation and palmitoylation were required for methylation of Fyn. However, a general methylation inhibitor had no inhibitory effect on myristoylation and palmitoylation of Fyn, suggesting that methylation occurs after myristoylation and palmitoylation. Lysine mutants of Fyn that could not be methylated failed to promote cell adhesion and spreading, suggesting that methylation is important for Fyn function.
Ejecuciones hipotecarias y dación en pago, revisión jurisprudencial y problemas prácticos: dación en pago (2012)

A inicios del ano 2011 los medios de comunicacion se hicieron eco de la primera resolucion de la AP de Navarra (en una ejecucion hipotecaria) que confirmaba la del Juzgado de 1a Instancia de Estella avalando la figura de la dacion en pago. Varios juzgados en Valladolid, Barcelona, Ciudad Real, Lleida, Vinaroz, Torrejon de Ardoz, Mataro o Figueras y Audiencias Provinciales como Girona y Navarra han seguido analizando las circunstancias de los prestamos hipotecarios y las ventajas obtenidas tras la subasta por las entidades financieras y resolviendo a favor de la dacion en pago: este planteamiento, ?se debe a la crisis o acaso hemos tolerado un abuso historico?
New Efficient Synthesis of 2-Substituted 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-benzothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones (2003)

The carbodiimides 4, obtained from aza-Wittig reactions of iminophosphorane 3 with aromatic isocyanates, reacted with secondary amines to give 2-dialkylamino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-benzothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones 6 in presence of catalytic EtO-Na+. Reactions of 4 with phenols or ROH in presence of catalytic K2CO3 or RO-Na+ gave 2-aryl(alkyl)oxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-benzothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones 6 in satisfactory yields. The effects of the nucleophiles on cyclization have been investi­gated.
Keratinocyte Growth Factor Acts as a Mesenchymal Factor That Promotes Ovarian Primordial to Primary Follicle Transition (2005)

An important but poorly understood process in ovarian biology is the transition of the developmentally arrested primordial follicle to the developing primary follicle. Interactions between the epithelial and mesenchymal cells of the follicle are critical for the coordination of ovarian follicle development. The mesenchymal growth factor keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) (i.e., fibroblast growth factor-7) and the epithelial growth factor kit ligand (KITL) are known to interact to coordinate the growth of later-stage antral follicles. The hypothesis tested in the current study is that KGF acts as a mesenchymal factor to promote the primordial to primary follicle transition. A postnatal 4-day-old rat ovary organ culture system was used to investigate the actions of KGF. KGF treatment promoted 65% of follicles to undergo the primordial to primary follicle transition, but only 45% underwent development in control ovaries. Neutralizing antibody for KGF was found to attenuate the stimulatory action of KITL, but neutralizing antibody for KITL was not able to attenuate the stimulatory action of KGF. Further analysis demonstrated that KGF was found to stimulate the expression of KITL (i.e., mRNA levels) by granulosa cells. KITL in turn was found to stimulate the expression of KGF to create a positive feedback loop. Interestingly, KGF expression was localized to selected mesenchymal cells (i.e., precursor theca cells) surrounding the developing primordial follicle. Observations suggest that developing granulosa cells of the primordial follicles produce KITL, which helps recruit precursor theca cells to the follicle; the thecal cells then produce KGF, which acts on the granulosa to amplify KITL expression and support primordial follicle development. KGF appears to be a mesenchymal factor that promotes the primordial to primary follicle transitions.
Applying of refractive spatial beam shapers with scanning optics (2011)

Using of refractive beam shapers with laser scanning optics is often considered in realizing various industrial laser technologies as well as techniques used in scientific and medical applications. Today the galvo mirror scanners with F-theta, telecentric or other lenses as well as gantry systems are widely used in different applications like micromachining, solar cell manufacturing, microwelding, drilling holes, selective laser melting and others which performance can be improved by applying of beam shaping optics. And, due to unique features like low output beam divergence, high transmittance as well as extended depth of field and capability to generate various beam profiles, the refractive field mappers provide a freedom in building an optimum optical system. There will be considered some basic theoretical features of choosing an optimum refractive beam shaper and building systems on its base, as well as several optical layouts with beam shapers πShaper to generate laser spots of uniform intensity which sizes span from several tens of microns to millimetres. Examples of real implementations will be presented as well.
The effects of Eculizumab on the pathology of malignant atrophic papulosis (2013)

Complement activation and enhanced endothelial cell apoptosis play an important role in the thrombotic complications of MAP. However, the larger vessel proliferative intimal changes appear to be independent of complement activation and may be on the basis of other upstream mechanisms. Monitoring C5b-9 deposition in tissue is likely not of great value in assessing treatment response to eculizumab given the persistence of C5b-9 in tissue for several months despite clinically effective C5 blocking therapy. A more integrated approach addressing upstream and downstream pathways in addition to those attributable to complement activation are critical for the successful treatment of MAP. Eculizumab may be used as salvage therapy in critically ill patients with thrombotic microangiopathy.
Opposing efficacy of group III mGlu receptor activators, LSP1-2111 and AMN082, in animal models of positive symptoms of schizophrenia (2011)

Altogether, we propose that among group III mGlu receptors, mGlu4 receptor may be a promising target for the development of novel antipsychotic drugs.
Influence of Estrogen Plus Progestin on Breast Cancer and Mammography in Healthy Postmenopausal Women (2003)

Relatively short-term combined estrogen plus progestin use increases incident breast cancers, which are diagnosed at a more advanced stage compared with placebo use, and also substantially increases the percentage of women with abnormal mammograms. These results suggest estrogen plus progestin may stimulate breast cancer growth and hinder breast cancer diagnosis.
METALLOTHIONEIN: An Intracellular Protein to Protect Against Cadmium Toxicity (1999)

Metallothioneins (MT) are low-molecular-weight, cysteine-rich, metal-binding proteins. MT genes are readily induced by various physiologic and toxicologic stimuli. Because the cysteines in MT are absolutely conserved across species, it was suspected that the cysteines are necessary for function and MT is essential for life. In attempts to determine the function(s) of MT, studies have been performed using four different experimental paradigms: (a) animals injected with chemicals known to induce MT; (b) cells adapted to survive and grow in high concentrations of MT-inducing toxicants; (c) cells transfected with the MT gene; and (d) MT-transgenic and MT-null mice. Most often, results from studies using the first three approaches have indicated multiple functions of MT in cell biology: MT (a) is a "storehouse" for zinc, (b) is a free-radical scavenger, and (c) protects against cadmium (Cd) toxicity. However, studies using MT-transgenic and null mice have not strongly supported the first two proposed functions but strongly support its function in protecting against Cd toxicity. Repeated administration of Cd to MT-null mice results in nephrotoxicity at one tenth the dose that produces nephrotoxicity in control mice. Human studies indicate that 7% of the general population have renal dysfunction from Cd exposure. Therefore, if humans did not have MT, "normal" Cd exposure would be nephrotoxic to humans. Thus, it appears that during evolution, the ability of MT to protect against Cd toxicity might have taken a more pivotal role in the maintenance of life processes, as compared with its other proposed functions (i.e. storehouse for zinc and free radical scavenger).
Influenza Vaccination in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis (1976)

Vaccination was well tolerated by 93 patients with multiple sclerosis who received a total of 209 doses of influenza vaccine. In one patient, evidence of a new lesion developed after vaccination; the relapse rate was less than would be expected in the natural course of the illness. Toxic and allergic reactions appeared with 7% and 0.5% of the vaccinations, respectively--a rate no higher than that observed in the general population.
New attachment formation as the result of controlled tissue regeneration (1984)

The present study was designed to examine whether new attachment forms on root surfaces previously exposed to plaque by preventing the oral epithelium and the gingival connective tissue from participating in the process of healing following treatment. 4 roots in each of 3 monkeys were used as test units while the roots of contralateral teeth served as controls. A surgical procedure was first used to expose the coronal half of the buccal root surfaces. Plaque was allowed to accumulate on the exposed surfaces for a period of 6 months. Subsequently, soft tissue flaps were raised and the root surfaces were carefully scaled and planed. The crowns of the test and control teeth were resected and the mucosal flaps were repositioned and sutured in such a way that the roots were properly covered. Immediately prior to suturing, membranes (Millipore filter or Gore-tex membrane) were placed over the denuded root surfaces of the test teeth in order to prevent granulation tissue from the soft tissue flaps from reaching the roots during healing. The monkeys were sacrificed 3 months later. The jaws were removed and histological sections of test and control roots including their periodontal tissues were produced. New cementum with inserting collagen fibers was observed on the previously exposed surfaces of both test and control roots. However, the test surfaces exhibited considerably more new attachment than the control surfaces, indicating that the placement of the membrane favoured repopulation of the wound area adjacent to the roots by cells originating from the periodontal ligament.