gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Meningococcal lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-derived oligosaccharide-protein conjugates evoke outer membrane protein- but not LPS-specific bactericidal antibodies in mice: influence of adjuvants (1993)

Meningococcal lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-derived oligosaccharides (OS) were coupled to tetanus toxoid (TT) and purified P1.7,16 outer membrane proteins (OMP). The immunogenicities of the conjugates with and without the addition of the adjuvant Quil A or the nonionic block polymer L121 were studied in mice. Immunotype L2 and L3,7,9 OS-TT conjugates induced immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses that were strongly augmented by Quil A and L121. These adjuvants not only enhanced the amount of IgG evoked but also shifted the IgG subclass distribution from mainly IgG1 toward the complement-activating subclasses IgG2a and IgG2b. The antibodies induced were directed against the OS part of meningococcal LPS. They were not bactericidal for group B meningococci. Both the L3,7,9 OS-P1.7,16 OMP conjugate and purified P1.7,16 OMP evoked a strong IgG response against the P1.7,16 OMP but not against the L3,7,9 LPS. These anti-OMP IgG responses were comparable to the IgG OMP-specific responses induced by the H44/76 or HIII-5 outer membrane vesicles but still did not lyse group B meningococcal strains. The IgG response evoked with OS-OMP or purified OMP consisted mainly of the IgG1 subclass, whereas the H44/76 or HIII-5 outer membrane vesicles induced high amounts of bactericidal IgG2a and IgG2b antibodies next to the IgG1 antibodies. The addition of the adjuvant Quil A or L121 to OS-OMP or OMP resulted in the induction of high levels of bactericidal anti-P1.7,16-specific OMP antibodies, as reflected by the presence of substantial amounts of IgG2a and IgG2b antibodies. These results indicate that (i) mouse anti-LPS antibodies evoked by LPS-derived OS-protein conjugates are not bactericidal for group B meningococci, (ii) extensive purification of P1.7,16 OMP can lead to the loss of the intrinsic adjuvant properties of outer membrane vesicle preparations, and (iii) the addition of suitable adjuvants restores the ability of these purified P1.7,16 OMP to induce bactericidal antibodies.
Investigation of Structural and Functional Motifs within the Vaccinia Virus A14 Phosphoprotein, an Essential Component of the Virion Membrane (2003)

We have previously reported the construction and characterization of an inducible recombinant virus in which expression of the vaccinia virus membrane protein A14 is experimentally regulated using the tetracycline operator-repressor system. Repression of A14, which results in a 1,000-fold reduction in viral yield, leads to an early block in viral morphogenesis characterized by the accumulation of large virosomes, empty "crescents" that fail to contact these virosomes, and, most strikingly, large numbers of aberrant 25-nm vesicles. Here we report the establishment of a transient-complementation system for the structure-function analysis of A14. We have constructed numerous mutant alleles of A14 designed to identify and test the importance of key structural and sequence motifs within A14, including sites of posttranslational modification, such as glycosylation, phosphorylation, and dimerization. From these studies we have determined that robust complementation ability requires an intact N terminus and two regions flanking the first membrane-spanning domain of A14. We show that A14 is modified by N-linked glycosylation both in vitro and in vivo. However, only a minority of A14 molecules are glycosylated in vivo and these are not encapsidated. In this report we also identify the sole phosphorylated serine residue of A14 as lying within the NHS(85) motif that undergoes glycosylation. Additionally, we show that the Cys(71) residue is required for intermolecular disulfide bond formation and describe the properties of a virus expressing an allele of A14 that cannot form disulfide-linked dimers.
Recent progress in multiple sequence alignment: a survey (2002)

The assembly of a multiple sequence alignment (MSA) has become one of the most common tasks when dealing with sequence analysis. Unfortunately, the wide range of available methods and the differences in the results given by these methods makes it hard for a non-specialist to decide which program is best suited for a given purpose. In this review we briefly describe existing techniques and expose the potential strengths and weaknesses of the most widely used multiple alignment packages.
Solution Dynamics and Stability of Lanthanide(III) (S)-2-(p-Nitrobenzyl)DOTA Complexes (2004)

Addition of a benzyl substituent to the macrocyclic ring of DOTA has a substantial impact on the conformational ring flipping motion of the macrocycle in the resulting LnDOTA complexes. The p-NO2-benzyl substituent in the Ln(p-NO2-Bn-DOTA)- complexes lies in an equatorial position and effectively "locks" the conformation of the ring into the deltadeltadeltadelta configuration. The presence of the p-NO2-benzyl group also increases the population of the square antiprismatic (SAP) coordination isomer for all Ln(p-NO2-Bn-DOTA)- complexes relative to that seen for the respective LnDOTA- complexes. Despite this increase in SAP isomer population, the rate of water exchange in these complexes remains comparatively fast. The kinetic and thermodynamic stabilities of the Ln(p-NO2-Bn-DOTA)- complexes are also slightly lower than the corresponding LnDOTA- complexes but appear to be sufficiently high for in vivo use.
Bacterial vaginosis and HIV acquisition: a meta-analysis of published studies (2008)

Bacterial vaginosis was consistently associated with an increased risk of HIV infection. High bacterial vaginosis prevalence may result in a high number of HIV infections being attributable to bacterial vaginosis. More prospective studies are needed to accurately evaluate the role of bacterial vaginosis in HIV acquisition in low-risk versus high-risk women. Furthermore, randomized clinical trials may be worth considering to determine the effect of bacterial vaginosis control measures on HIV acquisition.
Tissue eosinophilia correlates strongly with poor prognosis in nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease, allowing for known prognostic factors (2000)

Although eosinophilic granulocytes are frequently observed in lymphatic tissue of Hodgkin's patients, no substantial data reveal the prognostic role, if any, of tissue eosinophilia. Thus, eosinophilia was analyzed histologically in 1511 diagnostic biopsy specimens of patients treated under protocol therapy of the German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group between 1988 and 1994. Prominent eosinophilia was seen in 38% of cases, which differed among the histologic types of Hodgkin's disease (HD): none in lymphocyte predominant, 14% in lymphocyte rich classical, 40% in nodular sclerosis grade 1 (NS-1), 55% in nodular sclerosis grade 2, 43% in mixed cellularity (MC), and 54% in lymphocyte depleted. In a multivariate analysis, tissue eosinophilia proved to be the strongest prognostic factor for freedom from treatment failure (P <. 001) and overall survival (P <.001) in a stage-stratified model. Among NS-1 patients, the effect was highly significant. In MC, no significant effect of eosinophilia on survival could be demonstrated. Eosinophils secrete CD30 ligand that is capable of binding to CD30 positive HD cells. The activation of TRAF2, followed by NF-kappaB, which occurs on CD30L/CD30 binding, may explain the neoplastic proliferation and apoptosis protection of HD cells. TRAF2 is also activated by EBV-LMP expression, which is detectable in the majority of MC but not NS cases. In addition to the possibility that eosinophils are only passive indicators for other unknown prognostic determinants, it may be concluded that the positive clinical outcome of eosinophilia-negative NS cases could be due to lower NF-kappaB activity. (Blood. 2000;95:1207-1213)
Structures of three related biphenyl compounds: 4,4'-biphenyldiol, 3,3',5,5'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-biphenyldiol, and 3,3',5,5'-tetra-tert-butyl-1,1'-bicyclohexa-2,5-dienylidene-4,4'-dione (1990)

Biphenyldiol (I), C12H1002, Mr = 186-2, monoclinic, P2~/c, a = 10.5512 (9), b = 5-359 (2), c = 7-9939 (8)/~, fl = 95.736 (8) °, V= 449.7 (6)/~3, Z = 2, Dx = 1.375 g cm -3, A(Cu Kce) = 1-54184/~, tz = 7.13 cm-1, F(000) = 196, T= 299 (1)K, R =0-037 for 738 reflections with I> 3o,(1) (919 unique observations). This is a redeter- mination; the original study was based on visually estimated film data, with R = 0.20 for 240 observa- tions (Akhmed, Farag & Amin (1971). J. Struct. Chem. (USSR), 12, 676-677; Zh. Strukt. Khim. 12, 738-739). The molecule is centrosymmetric, and the biphenyl ring system is planar, with average devia- tion 0-002 (1)/~. The O atom lies 0.013 (1)/~ out of this plane, and the hydroxy H atom lies 0.26 (2)/~ out of the plane. The central C---C bond has length 1-4954 (11)/~, and the C---O bond 1-3845 (12)/~. Chains of hydrogen bonds along the b direction exist, with O.-.O 2.8940 (8)/~ and a 167 (2) ° angle at H. 3,3',5,5-Tetra-tert-butyl-4,4-biphenyldiol (II), C28H4202, M,=410-6, orthorhombic, Fdd2, a = 20.719(3), b= 19.905 (3), c= 12.836 (2) A, V = 5293.7 (14)/~3, Z = 8, Dx = 1.030 g cm -3, A(Cu Kce) = 1.54184/~, /z = 4.49 cm- 1, F(000) = 1808, T = 298 (1) K, R = 0.032 for 1031 reflections with I> 3tr(I) (1457 unique observations). The long axis of the molecule lies along a twofold axis. The two phenyl rings are twisted slightly with respect to each other, forming a dihedral angle of 159.4 (2) °. One of the rings exhibits out-of-plane deviations of 0-010 (2)/~ for its off-axis atoms, while these devia- * To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Chitosan Capsules for Colon-Specific Drug Delivery: Improvement of Insulin Absorption from the Rat Colon (1997)

The objective of this study was to estimate colon-specific insulin delivery with chitosan capsules. In vitro drug release experiments from chitosan capsules containing 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (CF) were carried out by the Japan Pharmacopoeia (J. P.) rotating basket method with some slight modifications. The intestinal absorption of insulin was evaluated by measuring the plasma insulin levels and its hypoglycemic effects after oral administration of the chitosan capsules containing insulin and additives. Little release of CF from the capsules was observed in liquid 1, an artificial gastric juice (pH 1), or in liquid 2, an artificial intestinal juice (pH 7). However, the release of CF was markedly increased in the presence of rat cecal contents. A marked absorption of insulin and a corresponding decrease in plasma glucose levels was observed following the oral administration of these capsules that contain 20 IU of insulin and sodium glycocholate (PA% = 3.49%), as compared with the capsules containing only lactose or only 20 IU of insulin (PA% = 1.62%). The hypoglycemic effect started from 8 h after the administration of chitosan capsules when the capsules entered the colon, as evaluated by the transit time experiments with chitosan capsules. These findings suggest that chitosan capsules may be useful carriers for the colon-specific delivery of peptides including insulin.
A Cytoplasmic RNA Vector Derived from Nontransmissible Sendai Virus with Efficient Gene Transfer and Expression (2000)

We have recovered a virion from defective cDNA of Sendai virus (SeV) that is capable of self-replication but incapable of transmissible-virion production. This virion delivers and expresses foreign genes in infected cells, and this is the first report of a gene expression vector derived from a defective viral genome of the Paramyxoviridae. First, functional ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) were recovered from SeV cloned cDNA defective in the F (envelope fusion protein) gene, in the presence of plasmids expressing nucleocapsid protein and viral RNA polymerase. Then the RNPs were transfected to the cells inducibly expressing F protein. Virion-like particles thus obtained had a titer of 0.5 x 10(8) to 1. 0 x 10(8) cell infectious units/ml and contained F-defective RNA genome. This defective vector amplified specifically in an F-expressing packaging cell line in a trypsin-dependent manner but did not spread to F-nonexpressing cells. This vector infected and expressed an enhanced green fluorescent protein reporter gene in various types of animal and human cells, including nondividing cells, with high efficiency. These results suggest that this vector has great potential for use in human gene therapy and vaccine delivery systems.
Interaction in vitro of the product of the c-Crk-II proto-oncogene with the insulin-like growth factor I receptor (1998)

The Crk proto-oncogene product is an SH2 and SH3 domain-containing adaptor protein. We have previously demonstrated that Crk-II becomes rapidly tyrosine-phosphorylated in response to stimulation with insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and might be involved in the IGF-I receptor signalling pathway. To determine whether this involvement includes the direct interaction of Crk-II with the cytoplasmic region of the receptor, studies were performed in vitro with glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins containing various domains of Crk-II. The kinase assay in vitro showed that activated IGF-I receptors efficiently phosphorylated the GST-Crk-II fusion protein. This phosphorylation was dependent on the presence of the SH2 domain and Tyr-221 located in the spacer region between the two SH3 domains. Mutation of Tyr-221 not only prevented phosphorylation of GST-Crk in vitro, but also significantly increased the ability of GST-Crk proteins to co-precipitate activated IGF-I receptors from total cell lysates. Additional binding experiments in vitro showed that Crk-II might interact with the phosphorylated IGF-I receptor through its SH2 domain. To elucidate which region of the IGF-I receptor interacts with Crk-II, a peptide association assay was used in vitro. Different domains of the IGF-I receptor were expressed as (His)6-tagged fusion peptides, phosphorylated with activated wheat germ agglutinin-purified IGF-I receptors and tested for association with GST-Crk-II fusion proteins. Using wild-type as well as mutated peptides, we showed that the SH2 domain of Crk-II preferentially binds the peptide encoding the juxtamembrane region of the IGF-I receptor. Phosphorylation of Tyr-950 and Tyr-943 of the receptor is important for this interaction. These findings allow us to propose a model of direct interaction of Crk-II and the IGF-I receptor in vivo. On activation of the IGF-I receptor, Crk-II binds to phosphorylated tyrosine residues, especially in the juxtamembrane region. As a result of this binding, the IGF-I receptor kinase phosphorylates Tyr-221 of Crk-II, resulting in a change in intramolecular folding and binding of the SH2 domain to the phosphorylated Tyr-221, which causes rapid disassociation of the Crk-II-IGF-I receptor complex.
Yeast selection for fuel ethanol production in Brazil (2008)

Brazil is one of the largest ethanol biofuel producers and exporters in the world and its production has increased steadily during the last three decades. The increasing efficiency of Brazilian ethanol plants has been evident due to the many technological contributions. As far as yeast is concerned, few publications are available regarding the industrial fermentation processes in Brazil. The present paper reports on a yeast selection program performed during the last 12 years aimed at selecting Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains suitable for fermentation of sugar cane substrates (cane juice and molasses) with cell recycle, as it is conducted in Brazilian bioethanol plants. As a result, some evidence is presented showing the positive impact of selected yeast strains in increasing ethanol yield and reducing production costs, due to their higher fermentation performance (high ethanol yield, reduced glycerol and foam formation, maintenance of high viability during recycling and very high implantation capability into industrial fermenters). Results also suggest that the great yeast biodiversity found in distillery environments could be an important source of strains. This is because during yeast cell recycling, selective pressure (an adaptive evolution) is imposed on cells, leading to strains with higher tolerance to the stressful conditions of the industrial fermentation.
Modstridende holdninger til patienter med alkoholmisbrug (2007)

Artiklen henvender sig til sygeplejersker, som interesserer sig for behandling af patienter med et alkoholmisbrug. Hovedbudskabet er, at sygeplejersker har et modsætningsfyldt forhold til denne patientgruppe. Artiklen udspringer af forfatterens masterprojekt i klinisk sygepleje.
SUPERIOR REGENERATION AND AGROBACTERIUM INFECTABILITY OF BROCCOLI AND CAULIFLOWER TISSUES AND THE IDENTIFICATION OF A PROCEDURE FOR THE GENERATION OF TRANSGENIC PLANTS. (1992)

Broccoli and cauliflower are among the most regeneratively intractable genotypes found in the brassicaceae. To develop a method for transfer of the gene encoding S-adenosylmethionine hydrolase (SAMase) into inbred broccoli and cauliflower germplasm, we investigated the morphogenic competence and Agrobacterium susceptibility of a wide range of tissues of varied source. Appropriately controlled expression of the SAMase gene should, theoretically, reduce the plant's capacity for ethylene biosynthesis and extend the post harvest shelf life of the flower head. Through examination of the in vitro response of a wide range of tissues we identified procedures which support caulogenesis from 100% of explants, each producing more than 30 shoots which readily convert to plantlets. Studies with several wild type and disarmed Agrobacterium strains, and utilization of the binary vector system and appropriate marker and reporter genes, led to the identification of methods for high frequency T-DNA transfer to explant tissues and the flow frequency of transgenic plants containing SAMase gene.
Contact Angle Hysteresis Generated by Strong Dilute Defects (2009)

Water on solid decorated with hydrophobic defects (such as micropillars) often stays at the top of the defects in a so-called fakir state, which explains the superhydrophobicity observed in such case, provided that the density of defects is small enough. Here we show that this situation provides an ideal frame for studying the contact angle hysteresis; the phase below the liquid is "perfect" and slippery (it is air), contrasting with pillars' tops whose edges form strong pining sites for the contact line. This model system thus allows us to study the hysteresis as a function of the density of defects and to compare it to the classical theory by Joanny and de Gennes, which is based on very similar hypothesis.
A Short Domain of the Plant Vacuolar Protein Phytohemagglutinin Targets Invertase to the Yeast Vacuole (1990)

Brian W. Tague, Craig D. Dickinson, Maarten J. Chrispeels, A Short Domain of the Plant Vacuolar Protein Phytohemagglutinin Targets Invertase to the Yeast Vacuole, The Plant Cell, Vol. 2, No. 6 (Jun., 1990), pp. 533-546
Self-Clocked Rate Adaptation for Multimedia (2017)

This memo describes a rate adaptation algorithm for conversational
media services such as interactive video. The solution conforms to the
packet conservation principle and uses a hybrid loss-and-delay- based
congestion control algorithm. The algorithm is evaluated over both
simulated Internet bottleneck scenarios as well as in a Long Term
Evolution (LTE) system simulator and is shown to achieve both low
latency and high video throughput in these scenarios.
Postarthroscopic Meniscus Repair Analgesia with Intraarticular Ketorolac or Morphine (1996)

Both ketorolac, a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, and morphine, an opioid agonist, provide enhanced patient analgesia after arthroscopic knee surgery when administered via the intraarticular route. This study was designed to determine whether ketorolac or morphine results in better patient analgesia and whether their combination would provide superior analgesia to either drug alone. Patients undergoing arthroscopic knee meniscus repair under local anesthesia with sedation were evaluated. Each of the study groups evaluated received ketorolac (either via the parenteral or intraarticular route) and morphine (via either the parenteral or intraarticular route). This study revealed a significant benefit from the individual intraarticular administration of both morphine and ketorolac. The combination of these drugs did not result in decreased postoperative pain or need for postoperative analgesics, and it did not result in an increased analgesic duration. We conclude that the use of either intraarticular ketorolac or intraarticular morphine improves the comfort in patients undergoing arthroscopic meniscus repair and that their combination offers no advantage over either drug alone.
Deoxynucleotide Triphosphate Binding Mode Conserved in Y Family DNA Polymerases (2003)

Although DNA polymerase eta (Pol eta) and other Y family polymerases differ in sequence and function from classical DNA polymerases, they all share a similar right-handed architecture with the palm, fingers, and thumb domains. Here, we examine the role in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pol eta of three conserved residues, tyrosine 64, arginine 67, and lysine 279, which come into close contact with the triphosphate moiety of the incoming nucleotide, in nucleotide incorporation. We find that mutational alteration of these residues reduces the efficiency of correct nucleotide incorporation very considerably. The high degree of conservation of these residues among the various Y family DNA polymerases suggests that these residues are also crucial for nucleotide incorporation in the other members of the family. Furthermore, we note that tyrosine 64 and arginine 67 are functionally equivalent to the deoxynucleotide triphosphate binding residues arginine 518 and histidine 506 in T7 DNA polymerase, respectively.
Sustained in vivo signaling by long-lived IL-2 induces prolonged increases of regulatory T cells (2014)

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) expressing FOXP3 are essential for the maintenance of self-tolerance and are deficient in many common autoimmune diseases. Immune tolerance is maintained in part by IL-2 and deficiencies in the IL-2 pathway cause reduced Treg function and an increased risk of autoimmunity. Recent studies expanding Tregs in vivo with low-dose IL-2 achieved major clinical successes highlighting the potential to optimize this pleiotropic cytokine for inflammatory and autoimmune disease indications. Here we compare the clinically approved IL-2 molecule, Proleukin, with two engineered IL-2 molecules with long half-lives owing to their fusion in monovalent and bivalent stoichiometry to a non-FcRγ binding human IgG1. Using nonhuman primates, we demonstrate that single ultra-low doses of IL-2 fusion proteins induce a prolonged state of in vivo activation that increases Tregs for an extended period of time similar to multiple-dose Proleukin. One of the common pleiotropic effects of high dose IL-2 treatment, eosinophilia, is eliminated at doses of the IL-2 fusion proteins that greatly expand Tregs. The long half-lives of the IL-2 fusion proteins facilitated a detailed characterization of an IL-2 dose response driving Treg expansion that correlates with increasingly sustained, suprathreshold pSTAT5a induction and subsequent sustained increases in the expression of CD25, FOXP3 and Ki-67 with retention of Treg-specific epigenetic signatures at FOXP3 and CTLA4.
Automated Identification of Minimal Myocardial Motion for Improved Image Quality on MR Angiography at 3 T (2007)

Quantitative analysis of the moving phantom showed that dimension measurements approached those obtained in the static phantom when using FREEZE. In vitro, vessel sharpness, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were significantly improved when coronary MRA was performed during the software-prescribed period of minimal myocardial motion (p < 0.05). Consistent with these objective findings, image quality assessments by consensus review also improved significantly when using the automated prescription of the period of minimal myocardial motion. The use of FREEZE improves image quality of coronary MRA. Simultaneously, operator dependence can be minimized while the ease of use is improved.