gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Short-chain fatty acid derivatives stimulate cell proliferation and induce STAT-5 activation (2001)

Current chemotherapeutic and butyrate therapeutics that induce fetal hemoglobin expression generally also suppress erythropoiesis, limiting the production of cells containing fetal hemoglobin (F cells). Recently, selected short-chain fatty acid derivatives (SCFADs) were identified that induce endogenous gamma-globin expression in K562 cells and human burst-forming units-erythroid and that increase proliferation of human erythroid progenitors and a multilineage interleukin-3-dependent hematopoietic cell line. In this report, gamma-globin inducibility by these SCFADs was further demonstrated in mice transgenic for the locus control region and the entire beta-globin gene locus in a yeast artificial chromosome and in 2 globin promoter-reporter assays. Conditioned media experiments strongly suggest that their proliferative activity is a direct effect of the test compounds. Investigation of potential mechanisms of action of these SCFADs demonstrates that these compounds induce prolonged expression of the growth-promoting genes c-myb and c-myc. Both butyrate and specific growth-stimulatory SCFADs induced prolonged signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-5 phosphorylation and activation, and c-cis expression, persisting for more than 120 minutes, whereas with IL-3 alone phosphorylation disappeared within minutes. In contrast to butyrate treatment, the growth-stimulating SCFADs did not result in bulk histone H4 hyperacetylation or induction of p21(Waf/Cip), which mediates the suppression of cellular growth by butyrate. These findings suggest that the absence of bulk histone hyperacetylation and p21 induction, but prolonged induction of cis, myb, myc, and STAT-5 activation, contribute to the cellular proliferation induced by selected SCFADs.
Transcript Regulation of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase by c-myc and mad1 (2005)

Telomerase activity is highly positive correlated to most malignant neoplasms. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is the rate-limiting factor of telomerase activity. Recent studies have shown that the expression of hTERT is mainly determined by its transcript regulation. Among the transcript regulation factors of hTERT, c-myc and mad1 are well known. Here, we constructed c-myc and mad1 eukaryotic expression vectors, then co-transfected them with the wild-type (Tw) or mutant hTERT promoter (Td) luciferase reporter plasmid, which were double-mutated in the E-box sequences from CACGTG to CACCTG of Tw. The change of luciferase activity in different cells was detected. The results showed that Tw was obviously activated in T24 and EJ bladder cancer cells, but not in normal fibrocytes. c-myc and mad1 had positive and negative effects respectively on the Tw transcript in a dose-dependent manner, while the roles of c-myc and mad1 in regulating the Td transcript were reversed. c-myc combined with mad1 can down-regulate Tw but not Td. These observations indicate that c-myc and mad1 can regulate the hTERT transcript in a different manner in hTERT positive cells, but not in normal cells. This may provide an insight into some telomerase-related carcinogenesis mechanisms.
Glomerular Ultrafiltration in Normal and Preeclamptic Pregnancy (2003)

GFR and renal plasma flow (RPF) decrease in preeclampsia, a serious hypertensive complication of pregnancy. Serial data derived in late pregnancy (LP) and >5 mo postpartum (PP) in 13 healthy controls and 10 preeclamptic women (13 and 5, respectively) returning PP for theoretical analysis of neutral dextran sieving curves (theta(D)), are presented and are used to calculate the key determinants of glomerular ultrafiltration. Normal LP hyperfiltration was associated with increases in RPF and the ultrafiltration coefficient (K(f)), as well as in the nondiscriminatory shunt pathway (omega(0)) and the SD of pore size (S). Preeclamptic LP showed the largest omega(0) and S values, indicating a loss of size-selectivity, accompanying reduced K(f) and RPF, both of which are implicated in the relative hypofiltration. Despite a 100-fold increase in urinary albumin excretion (UAE), LP preeclamptic theta(D) values were reduced for the equivalent neutral dextran (36A), providing indirect evidence for a loss of glomerular barrier charge-selectivity. All the determinants of GFR and all modeled parameters were comparable across both groups PP, strong evidence that preeclamptic glomerular dysfunction resolves.
A Double-blind, Crossover Comparison of Methylphenidate and Placebo in Adults With Childhood-Onset Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (1995)

Robust doses of methylphenidate are effective in the treatment of adult ADHD.
A LIFETIME INDIVIDUAL SAMPLING MODEL (ISM) FOR HEROIN USE AND TREATMENT EVALUATION IN AUSTRALIA (2014)

Illicit drug use has created an enormous burden at societal, family and personal levels. Every year a significant amount of resources is allocated for treatment and the consequences of illicit drug use in Australia and around the world. Heroin is one of the major forms of illicit drugs that are used illegally. Several independent heroin treatment strategies or interventions exist and state-of-the-art research demonstrates their efficacy and relative cost-effectiveness. However, assessing total potential gains and burden from providing all treatment interventions or varying the mix of heroin treatments has never been attempted. Furthermore, the need to include multiple treatments, multiple important outcomes, and the chaotic nature of drug dependence means cost-effectiveness studies are not able to provide evidence on net benefit of providing heroin treatments over the lifetime. Evaluations of the current mix of treatment provision remain very limited. Thus, this paper will discuss an individual level model which addresses net social benefit over a lifetime, also known as individual sampling model (ISM), that can accommodate the complexity of individuals going in and out of multiple treatments and their corresponding costs and benefits arising from different treatments during the life-course of heroin users in the context of New South Wales (NSW) Australia. This model is intended to serve as an effective tool for economic evaluation and policy making in illicit drug area in Australia.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐(3‐Azido‐2,3‐dideoxy‐4‐C‐hydroxymethyl‐α‐L‐threo‐ pentofuranosyl)thymine, 1‐(2,3‐Dideoxy‐4‐C‐hydroxymethyl‐α‐L‐ glycero‐pentofuranosyl)thymine and 1‐(2,3‐Dideoxy‐4‐C‐hydroxymethyl‐. alpha.‐L‐glycero‐pent‐2‐enofuranosyl)thymine. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Direct use of inorganic colloidal iron by marine mixotrophic phytoplankton (2001)

Three species of photosynthetic flagellates capable of phagotrophy (mixotrophic species) were tested for their abilities to use inorganic iron colloids for growth. Ochromonas sp., Chrysochromulina ericina (a coastal strain), and C. ericina (an oceanic strain) were grown in iron‐free seawater supplemented with 1 µM Fe‐ferrihydrite (amorphous hydrous ferric oxide), magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 )/maghemite ( gamma‐Fe 2 O 3 ), hematite ( a‐Fe 2 O 3 ), or goethite ( a‐FeOOH). Desferrioxamine B, an iron‐binding siderophore, was used to reduce the concentration of dissolved iron in the colloid‐amended media, and none of the flagellates were able to use its iron complex as an iron source under the conditions of the experiments. Both strains of Chrysochromulina grew at 35%–70% of their maximum rates with goethite, hematite, and magnetite/maghemite but were unable to use ferrihydrite. Ochromonas grew well with ferrihydrite but could not use any of the other forms. Thalassiosira oceanica (clone 1003) and Thalassiosira pseudonana (clone 3H), diatoms that could only take up dissolved forms of iron, were unable to use any of the colloids tested. The mechanism of iron acquisition by the flagellates appeared to involve ingestion of the iron colloids, because bacteria resident in the cultures were too iron poor to be a significant source of iron and were unable to use the iron contained in the colloids themselves. Variations in the sizes of the colloids were hypothesized to account for differences in their availability, independent of colloid chemical stability. The results provide the first strong evidence for direct use (i.e., without prior dissolution) of colloidal iron by mixotrophic phytoplankton and document a new pathway of iron acquisition that may be important for their survival in low‐iron waters of the sea.
Light-Addressable Potentiometric Sensor for Biochemical Systems (1988)

Numerous biochemical reactions can be measured potentiometrically through changes in p H, redox potential, or transmembrane potential. An alternating photocurrent through an electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor interface provides a highly sensitive means to measure such potential changes. A spatially selectable photoresponse permits the determination of a multiplicity of chemical events with a single semiconductor device.
SINGLE-MOLECULE SPECTROSCOPY (1997)

Recent experimental and theoretical studies concerning single-molecule spectroscopy in solids are discussed. Pure quantum effects--such as photon bunching, antibunching, and spectral jumps--and more classical phenomena--such as near-field excitation, saturation, ac/dc Stark shifts, spectral diffusion, two-photon excitation, and customary spectroscopic analysis--are considered. The emphasis of this review is on physical results and their interpretation. This is preceded by a general introduction, where fundamentals of single-molecule spectroscopy are explained.
Local anesthesia for endodontic pain (2002)

The purpose of the following paper is to discuss problems with mandibular anesthesia, the success of intraosseous anesthesia, and the clinical management of endodontic anesthesia.
Palette-based photo recoloring (2015)

Image editing applications offer a wide array of tools for color manipulation. Some of these tools are easy to understand but offer a limited range of expressiveness. Other more powerful tools are time consuming for experts and inscrutable to novices. Researchers have described a variety of more sophisticated methods but these are typically not interactive, which is crucial for creative exploration. This paper introduces a simple, intuitive and interactive tool that allows non-experts to recolor an image by editing a color palette. This system is comprised of several components: a GUI that is easy to learn and understand, an efficient algorithm for creating a color palette from an image, and a novel color transfer algorithm that recolors the image based on a user-modified palette. We evaluate our approach via a user study, showing that it is faster and easier to use than two alternatives, and allows untrained users to achieve results comparable to those of experts using professional software.
Granulins: the structure and function of an emerging family of growth factors (1998)

The granulin/epithelin motif defines a family of structurally unique proteins, of great evolutionary antiquity, which have been implicated as regulators of cell growth. Recurrent in granulin research are the surprising parallels between the granulin and EGF systems. Both are cysteinerich peptides of approximately 6 kDa that can modify cell growth. They show similar, but not identical, biological activities, although granulin/epithelin peptides do not bind EGF receptors; the three-dimensional folds of granulin and EGF are partially superimposible; and the precursors for mammalian granulin/epithelins and EGF are both organized as multiple repeats of conserved cysteine modules. Given the dissimilarity between amino acid sequences of members of the granulin/epithelin family and EGF-related peptides, the parallelism between the two systems probably represents convergent evolution towards related solutions to common biological problems. The granulin/epithelin precursor gene is expressed throughout the body, but its expression is predominantly in epithelial and haematopoietic cells. There is a great deal of versatility in the means by which cells process and handle the granulin/epithelin precursor. In some instances, the precursor is secreted intact (Zhou et al. 1993), and in others it is stored in a vesicular organelle, such as the sperm acrosome (Baba et al. 1993a). It may be processed into small 6-kDa peptides, which, in the neutrophil, can also be stored in vesicles (Bateman et al. 1990, Couto et al. 1992). The 6-kDa peptide forms, the intact precursor, and related proteins such as TGFe, regulate the growth of epithelial and mesenchymal cells. Epithelial cells express putative receptors for granulin/epithelin peptides and TGFe (Culouscou et al. 1993, Parnell et al. 1995). Thus, although much remains to be clarified, granulin/epithelin polypeptides and related proteins are emerging as widely distributed potential autocrine and paracrine growth modulating factors for epithelial and mesenchymal cells.
Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor, ERBB2 and KIT in adult soft tissue sarcomas (2005)

EGFR overexpression was found to be a negative prognostic factor of adult STS, which is strongly associated with histologic grade. STS patients with EGFR overexpression may benefit from treatment with currently available biospecific inhibitors for EGFR.
Effect of Intravenously Administered Lipoxygenase Metabolites on Rat Tracheal Mucous Gel Layer Thickness (1989)

The effect of intravenous injections of 5-, 12- and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE), leukotrienes D4 and E4 (LTD4, LTE4) on tracheal mucous gel layer (TMGL) thickness was assessed in rats. When administered in doses ranging from 0.03 pg to 33 ng per rat, the lipoxygenase metabolites produced significant increases in TMGL thickness. The order of potency of the metabolites was 15-HETE greater than 12-HETE greater than or equal to 5-HETE greater than LTD4 greater than or equal to LTE4. Imidazole (31.6 mg/kg), intravenously, significantly decreased this response. These findings suggest that the mono-HETEs, especially 15-HETE, may be important modulators of airway mucus in the rat.
ADAM 12 Cleaves Extracellular Matrix Proteins and Correlates with Cancer Status and Stage (2004)

ADAM 12 is a member of a family of disintegrin-containing metalloproteases that have been implicated in a variety of diseases including Alzheimer's disease, arthritis, and cancer. We purified ADAM 12 from the urine of breast cancer patients via Q-Sepharose anion exchange and gelatin-Sepharose affinity chromatography followed by protein identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Four peptides were identified that spanned the amino acid sequence of ADAM 12. Immunoblot analysis using ADAM 12-specific antibodies detected an approximately 68-kDa band identified as the mature form of ADAM 12. To characterize catalytic properties of ADAM 12, full-length ADAM 12-S was expressed in COS-7 cells and purified. Substrate specificity studies demonstrated that ADAM 12-S degrades gelatin, type IV collagen, and fibronectin but not type I collagen or casein. Gelatinase activity of ADAM 12 was completely abrogated by zinc chelators 1,10-phenanthroline and EDTA and was partially inhibited by the hydroxamate inhibitor Marimastat. Endogenous matrix metalloprotease inhibitor TIMP-3 inhibited activity. To validate our initial identification of this enzyme in human urine, 117 urine samples from breast cancer patients and controls were analyzed by immunoblot. The majority of samples from cancer patients were positive for ADAM 12 (67 of 71, sensitivity 0.94) compared with urine from controls in which ADAM 12 was detected with significantly lower frequency. Densitometric analyses of immunoblots demonstrated that ADAM 12 protein levels were higher in urine from breast cancer patients than in control urine. In addition, median levels of ADAM 12 in urine significantly increased with disease progression. These data demonstrate for the first time that ADAM 12 is a gelatinase, that it can be detected in breast cancer patient urine, and that increased urinary levels of this protein correlate with breast cancer progression. They further support the possibility that detection of urinary ADAM 12 may prove useful in the development of noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic tests for breast and perhaps other cancers.
Lebanon,CivilWar, 1975–1990 (2009)

The Lebanese Civil War went through various phases (approximately nine) of shifting alliances and changing issues. Two broad coalitions – the Lebanese Front and the Lebanese National Movement – opposed each other during the initial phase. The Lebanese Front was made up of mainly Christian Maronite groups, such as the Tigers of Camille Chamoun and Pierre Gemayel's Phalangist Party. The Phalange or Lebanese Kataeb Social Democratic Party was established in 1936 by Pierre Gemayel, a Maronite Christian, who very much symbolized the pro‐western stance and anti‐pan‐Arab sentiments. Its goal was to drive out the Palestinians and maintain political dominance over the state. The Lebanese National Movement blended various parties ranging from centrist to extreme left, comprised of Kamal Jumblatt's PSP (Parti Socialist Populaire), the Lebanese Communist Party, the Syrian National Social Party, the Murabitun (Sunni Nationalist Party), and later the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).
Unconventional Secretory Routes: Direct Protein Export Across the Plasma Membrane of Mammalian Cells (2005)

The vast majority of extracellular proteins are exported from mammalian cells by the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi-dependent secretory pathway. For poorly understood reasons, however, a heterogenous group of extracellular proteins has been discovered that does not make use of signal peptide-dependent secretory transport. Both the release mechanisms and the molecular identity of the secretory machines involved have remained elusive. Recent studies now have established a subgroup of unconventional secretory proteins capable of translocating from the cytoplasm directly across the plasma membrane to get access to the exterior of eukaryotic cells. This review aims to focus on a detailed comparison of the subcellular site of membrane translocation of various unconventional secretory proteins such as the proangiogenic molecule fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and Leishmania hydrophilic acylated surface protein B (HASP B). A potential link between membrane translocation and quality control as an integral part of unconventional secretory processes is discussed.
Compositional differences within and between eukaryotic genomes (1997)

Eukaryotic genome similarity relationships are inferred using sequence information derived from large aggregates of genomic sequences. Comparisons within and between species sample sequences are based on the profile of dinucleotide relative abundance values (The profile is ρ* XY = f * XY / f * X f * Y for all XY , where f * X denotes the frequency of the nucleotide X and f * XY denotes the frequency of the dinucleotide XY , both computed from the sequence concatenated with its inverted complement). Previous studies with respect to prokaryotes and this study document that profiles of different DNA sequence samples (sample size ≥50 kb) from the same organism are generally much more similar to each other than they are to profiles from other organisms, and that closely related organisms generally have more similar profiles than do distantly related organisms. On this basis we refer to the collection {ρ* XY } as the genome signature . This paper identifies ρ* XY extremes and compares genome signature differences for a diverse range of eukaryotic species. Interpretations on the mechanisms maintaining these profile differences center on genome-wide replication, repair, DNA structures, and context-dependent mutational biases. It is also observed that mitochondrial genome signature differences between species parallel the corresponding nuclear genome signature differences despite large differences between corresponding mitochondrial and nuclear signatures. The genome signature differences also have implications for contrasts between rodents and other mammals, and between monocot and dicot plants, as well as providing evidence for similarities among fungi and the diversity of protists.
Progression of Atherosclerosis Is Associated With Variation in the α 1 -Antitrypsin Gene (2003)

Disease progression is associated with variation in AAT, and low AAT levels promote atherogenesis.
Site-specific insertion of DNA into a pseudorabies virus vector. (1987)

A simple, efficient method for introducing recombinant DNA into a herpesvirus vector and retrieving it at a later time has been developed. By using the Cre-lox site-specific recombination system of coliphage P1, DNA can be readily inserted in vitro into a pseudorabies virus (PRV) vector containing the lox recombination site. The vector PRV42 contains a lox site within the nonessential gIII gene, which encodes a virion envelope glycoprotein. Incubation in vitro of PRV42 DNA with Cre protein and a circular plasmid containing a lox site generates approximately 5% recombinant molecules having the plasmid integrated into the PRV genome at the lox site. Transfection of the reaction mixture into cultured cells allows recovery of the infectious recombinant virus, which is readily identified by a nondestructive "black-plaque assay" using a gIII-specific monoclonal antibody. PRV42 plaques stain black when treated with the gIII monoclonal antibody and a peroxidase-linked second anti-antibody because the lox site placed within the gIII gene of PRV42 does not destroy the gIII epitope. However, Cre-mediated integration of heterologous DNA at the lox site disrupts the gIII epitope so that the resulting recombinant virus produces white plaques. The recombinant virus is infectious, stable, and grows as well as the parental PRV42 vector. The inserted plasmid can be efficiently excised (greater than 50%) from viral DNA by Cre and recovered by transformation of Escherichia coli.
Paraoxonase-2 Modulates Stress Response of Endothelial Cells to Oxidized Phospholipids and a Bacterial Quorum–Sensing Molecule (2011)

3OC12-HSL and Ox-PAPC influence similar inflammatory and UPR pathways. Quorum sensing molecules, such as 3OC12-HSL, contribute to the proatherogenic effects of chronic infection. The antiatherogenic effects of PON2 include destruction of quorum sensing molecules.