gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of chimeric tRNA-driven antisense transcripts renders NIH 3T3 cells highly resistant to Moloney murine leukemia virus replication. (1990)

NIH 3T3 cells infected with Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV) express high levels of virus-specific RNA. To inhibit replication of the virus, we stably introduced chimeric tRNA genes encoding antisense templates into NIH 3T3 cells via a retroviral vector. Efficient expression of hybrid tRNA-MoMLV antisense transcripts and inhibition of MoMLV replication were dependent on the use of a particular type of retroviral vector, the double-copy vector, in which the chimeric tRNA gene was inserted in the 3' long terminal repeat. MoMLV replication was inhibited up to 97% in cells expressing antisense RNA corresponding to the gag gene and less than twofold in cells expressing antisense RNA corresponding to the pol gene. RNA and protein analyses suggest that inhibition was exerted at the level of translation. These results suggest that RNA polymerase III-based antisense inhibition systems can be used to inhibit highly expressed viral genes and render cells resistant to viral replication via intracellular immunization strategies.
STAT3 Ubiquitylation and Degradation by Mumps Virus Suppress Cytokine and Oncogene Signaling (2003)

Mumps virus is a common infectious agent of humans, causing parotitis, meningitis, encephalitis, and orchitis. Like other paramyxoviruses in the genus Rubulavirus, mumps virus catalyzes the proteasomal degradation of cellular STAT1 protein, a means for escaping antiviral responses initiated by alpha/beta and gamma interferons. We demonstrate that mumps virus also eliminates cellular STAT3, a protein that mediates transcriptional responses to cytokines, growth factors, nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, and a variety of oncogenic stimuli. STAT1 and STAT3 are independently targeted by a single mumps virus protein, called V, that assembles STAT-directed ubiquitylation complexes from cellular components, including STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, DDB1, and Cullin4A. Consequently, mumps virus V protein prevents responses to interleukin-6 and v-Src signals and can induce apoptosis in STAT3-dependent multiple myeloma cells and transformed murine fibroblasts. These findings demonstrate a unique cytokine and oncogene evasion property of mumps virus that provides a molecular basis for its observed oncolytic properties.
Efficiency of Protection of Guinea Pigs against Infection with Bacillus anthracis Spores by Passive Immunization (2002)

The efficacy of passive immunization as a postexposure prophylactic measure for treatment of guinea pigs intranasally infected with Bacillus anthracis spores was evaluated. Antisera directed either against the lethal toxin components (PA or LF) or against a toxinogenic strain (Sterne) were used for this evaluation. All antisera exhibited high enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers against the corresponding antigens, high titers of neutralization of cytotoxicity activity in an in vitro mouse macrophages cell line (J774A.1), as well as in vivo neutralization of toxicity when administered either directly to Fisher rats prior to challenge with the lethal toxin or after incubation with the lethal toxin. In these tests, anti-LF antiserum exhibited the highest neutralization efficiency, followed by anti-Sterne and anti-PA. The time dependence and antibody dose necessary for conferring postexposure protection by the various antibodies of guinea pigs infected with 25 50% lethal doses of Vollum spores was examined. Rabbit anti-PA serum was found to be the most effective. Intraperitoneal injections of anti-PA serum given 24 h postinfection protected 90% of the infected animals, whereas anti-Sterne and anti-LF were less effective. These results further emphasizes the importance of anti-PA antibodies in conferring protection against B. anthracis infection and demonstrated the ability of such antibodies to be effectively applied as an efficient postexposure treatment against anthrax disease.
Infection With Chlamydia pneumoniae Accelerates the Development of Atherosclerosis and Treatment With Azithromycin Prevents It in a Rabbit Model (1998)

Intranasal C pneumoniae infection accelerates intimal thickening in rabbits given a modestly cholesterol-enhanced diet. In addition, weekly treatment with azithromycin after infectious exposure prevents accelerated intimal thickening. These findings strengthen the etiologic link between C pneumoniae and atherosclerosis and should stimulate additional animal and human studies, including clinical antibiotic trials.
IL-1 and TNF Antagonists Inhibit the Inflammatory Response and Bone Loss in Experimental Periodontitis (1998)

Periodontal disease is the most frequent cause of tooth loss in humans and is the most prevalent disease associated with bone loss, including osteoporosis. Periodontal destruction is initiated by bacteria that colonize the tooth surface, leading to inflammation and bone resorption. To assess the roles of IL-1 and TNF in this process, studies were conducted in a Macaca fascicularis primate model of experimental periodontitis. Function-blocking soluble receptors to IL-1 and TNF were applied by local injection to sites with induced periodontal destruction and compared with similar sites injected with vehicle alone. The results indicate that injection of soluble receptors to IL-1 and TNF inhibited by approximately 80% the recruitment of inflammatory cells in close proximity to bone. The formation of osteoclasts was reduced by 67% at the experimental sites compared with that at the control sites, and the amount of bone loss was reduced by 60%. All results were statistically significant (p < 0.01). These findings indicate that a significant component of the pathologic process of periodontitis is due to IL-1/TNF activity, since inhibiting IL-1/TNF reduces both inflammatory cell recruitment and bone loss. The data also suggest that inflammation associated with gingivitis is actively protective, since blocking further up-regulation of the host response with IL-1/TNF inhibitors does not cause periodontal damage. Furthermore, these results coupled with recent evidence that IL-1 and TNF participate in endocrine-associated osteoporosis suggest that multiple pathologies involving excessive loss of bone may operate through a common mechanism involving IL-1 and/or TNF.
The Sulfonylurea Receptor 1 (Sur1)-Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 4 (Trpm4) Channel (2012)

The sulfonylurea receptor 1 (Sur1)-NC(Ca-ATP) channel plays a central role in necrotic cell death in central nervous system (CNS) injury, including ischemic stroke, and traumatic brain and spinal cord injury. Here, we show that Sur1-NC(Ca-ATP) channels are formed by co-assembly of Sur1 and transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (Trpm4). Co-expression of Sur1 and Trpm4 yielded Sur1-Trpm4 heteromers, as shown in experiments with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and co-immunoprecipitation. Co-expression of Sur1 and Trpm4 also yielded functional Sur1-Trpm4 channels with biophysical properties of Trpm4 and pharmacological properties of Sur1. Co-assembly with Sur1 doubled the affinity of Trpm4 for calmodulin and doubled its sensitivity to intracellular calcium. Experiments with FRET and co-immunoprecipitation showed de novo appearance of Sur1-Trpm4 heteromers after spinal cord injury in rats. Our findings depart from the long-held view of an exclusive association between Sur1 and K(ATP) channels and reveal an unexpected molecular partnership with far-ranging implications for CNS injury.
CMOS/SIMOX-RF-Frontend for 1.7GHz (1996)

: The cointegration of high-speed NMOS devices and inductive elements by means of a SIMOX-technology with high-resistive substrates enables operating frequencies which meet the needs of modern communication systems. This paper describes a RF frontend operating in the frequency range 1.4 to 1.9GHz. The performance of the presented circuit proves the capability of this technology to realize complete RF-systems on a single chip. Introduction The large expected growth of telecommunication market states a challenge to all basic technologies. Considering the lower microwave range 1 to 3GHz a lot of systems like GSM, DECT and UMTS were defined to meet the needs of a communicating society. Further research had to be provided for improving the high speed capabilities. Especially CMOS-technologies according to their wide experiences in digital signal processing offer in combination with high-speed devices the integration of complete RF-systems at once [1]. Introducing additional process steps t...
Pretargeted Immuno–Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Carcinoembryonic Antigen–Expressing Tumors with a Bispecific Antibody and a 68Ga- and 18F-Labeled Hapten Peptide in Mice with Human Tumor Xenografts (2010)

(18)F-Fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) is the most common molecular imaging agent in oncology, with a high sensitivity and specificity for detecting several cancers. Antibodies could enhance specificity; therefore, procedures were developed for radiolabeling a small ( approximately 1451 Da) hapten peptide with (68)Ga or (18)F to compare their specificity with (18)F-FDG for detecting tumors using a pretargeting procedure. Mice were implanted with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA; CEACAM5)-expressing LS174T human colonic tumors and a CEA-negative tumor, or an inflammation was induced in thigh muscle. A bispecific monoclonal anti-CEA x anti-hapten antibody was given to mice, and 16 hours later, 5 MBq of (68)Ga- or (18)F-labeled hapten peptides were administered intravenously. Within 1 hour, tissues showed high and specific targeting of (68)Ga-IMP-288, with 10.7 +/- 3.6% ID/g uptake in the tumor and very low uptake in normal tissues (e.g., tumor-to-blood ratio of 69.9 +/- 32.3), in a CEA-negative tumor (0.35 +/- 0.35% ID/g), and inflamed muscle (0.72 +/- 0.20% ID/g). (18)F-FDG localized efficiently in the tumor (7.42 +/- 0.20% ID/g) but also in the inflamed muscle (4.07 +/- 1.13% ID/g) and in several normal tissues; thus, pretargeted (68)Ga-IMP-288 provided better specificity and sensitivity. Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography images reinforced the improved specificity of the pretargeting method. (18)F-labeled IMP-449 distributed similarly in the tumor and normal tissues as the (68)Ga-labeled IMP-288, indicating that either radiolabeled hapten peptide could be used. Thus, pretargeted immuno-PET does exceptionally well with short-lived radionuclides and is a highly sensitive procedure that is more specific than (18)F-FDG-PET. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(4); 1019-27. (c)2010 AACR.
Processing of CuInSe2-Based Solar Cells: Characterization of Deposition Processes in Terms of Chemical Reaction Analyses. Final Report, 6 May 1995 - 31 December 1998 (2001)

This project describes a novel rotating-disc reactor has been designed and built to enable modulated flux deposition of CuInSe2 and its related binary compounds. The reactor incorporates both a thermally activated source and a novel plasma-activated source of selenium vapor, which have been used for the growth of epitaxial and polycrystalline thin-film layers of CuInSe2. A comparison of the different selenium reactant sources has shown evidence of increases in its incorporation when using the plasma source, but no measurable change when the thermally activated source was used. We concluded that the chemical reactivity of selenium vapor from the plasma source is significantly greater than that provided by the other sources studied. Epitaxially grown CuInSe2 layers on GaAs, ZnTe, and SrF2 demonstrate the importance of nucleation effects on the morphology and crystallographic structure of the resulting materials. These studies have resulted in the first reported growth of the CuAu type-I crystallographic polytype of CuInSe2, and the first reported epitaxial growth of CuInSe2 on ZnTe. Polycrystalline binary (Cu,Se) and (In,Se) thin films have been grown, and the molar flux ratio of selenium to metals was varied. It is shown that all of the reported binary compounds in each of the corresponding binary phase fields can be synthesized by the modulated flux deposition technique implemented in the reactor by controlling this ratio and the substrate temperature. These results were employed to deposit bilayer thin films of specific (Cu,Se) and (In,Se) compounds with low melting-point temperature, which were used to verify the feasibility of synthesizing CuInSe2 by subsequent rapid-thermal processing. The studies of the influence of sodium during the initial stages of epitaxy have led to a new model to explain its influences based on the hypothesis that it behaves as a surfactant in the Cu-In-Se material system. This represents the first unified theory on the role of sodium that explains all of sodium's principal effects on the growth and properties of CuInSe2 that have been reported in the prior scientific literature. Comprehensive statistical mechanical calculations have been combined with published phase diagrams and results of ab-initio quantum mechanical calculations of defect formation enthalpies from the literature to develop the first free-energy defect model for CuInSe2 that includes the effects of defect associates (complexes). This model correctly predicts the ?/? ternary phase boundary.
Calcitonin: discovery, development, and clinical application. (1994)

In 1954, when I gave a talk on calcium homeostasis at the first Gordon Conference on Bones and Teeth, it was recognized that the level of ionic calcium in the plasma and body fluids must be maintained with precision, since it is critically important for a number of vital processes. However, very little was known of the mechanisms involved and I decided to make this the focus of my research career. With the assistance of a number of first-year medical students working during the summer, we developed a precise method for measuring calcium, demonstrated the remarkable constancy of plasma calcium in normal human subjects, and found that normal calcium levels were restored quickly after being artificially raised or lowered. We focussed on parathyroid hormone (PTH), which plays a key role in controlling hypocalcemia by stimulating osteolysis. While studying the control of its secretion in 1961, we discovered a second calcium-regulating hormone (calcitonin) which was released by hypercalcemia and lowered plasma calcium by inhibiting osteolysis. It is a straight-chain peptide with 32 amino acids and a 7-membered disulfide ring at the N terminal. It is produced by C cells which arise from the neural crest and is considered a neuropeptide hormone. It is produced in the thyroid of mammals and the ultimobranchial glands of lower vertebrates. We were involved in the isolation of salmon calcitonin, which is the form most widely used in therapy because of its high potency. In addition to inhibiting bone resorption, it is a powerful analgesic agent with a potency in certain circumstances which is 30-50 times that of morphine. It is widely used clinically for the treatment of Paget's disease, hypercalcemia, osteoporosis, and relief of bone pain. World sales in 1992 exceeded US$900 million, of which 85% was for osteoporosis.
The Two Membrane Isoforms of Human IgE Assemble into Functionally Distinct B Cell Antigen Receptors (1996)

The human C epsilon gene expresses two membrane IgE heavy chain mRNAs which differ in the sequence that encodes their extracellular membrane-proximal domain. In the long IgE isoform (mLIgE), this domain contains a stretch of 52 amino acids which are absent in the short variant (mSIgE). We have now generated B cell transfectoma cell lines that express these two isoforms and show that both types of mIgE form functional B cell antigen receptors (BCR). Both receptors associate with the Ig-alpha/Ig-beta heterodimer, as well as with protein kinases that are capable of phosphorylating this complex. Upon their cross-linking, both receptors can activate protein tyrosine kinases that phosphorylate the same substrate proteins. Both IgE receptors also associate with two novel proteins that do not bind to mIgM. Apart from these similarities, the two IgE-BCRs show several differences of which some are analogous to the differences between the IgM- and IgD-BCRs. First, the mSIgE is transported to the cell surface at a higher rate than the mLIgE. Second, the two IgE-BCRs associate with differently glycosylated Ig-alpha proteins, the mLIgE associates with the completely glycosylated form, whereas the mSIgE associates with an Ig-alpha glycoform that is partially sensitive to endoglycosidase H. Third, the kinetics of protein tyrosine phosphorylation induced by receptor cross-linking is significantly different for the two IgE-BCRs. Finally, cross-linking of the mSIgE-BCR leads to growth inhibition of the B cell transfectoma, whereas signaling through the mLIgE-BCR does not affect the cellular proliferation. These data show that the two human membrane IgE isoforms assemble into functionally distinct antigen receptors which can induce different cellular responses.
Isolation and properties of Moloney murine leukemia virus mutants: use of a rapid assay for release of virion reverse transcriptase (1981)

A rapid assay for retroviral reverse transcriptase activity released into the culture medium by infected cells was developed. With the assay, 4,000 clonally infected cell lines could be tested in a few hours. We have adapted the assay for use as a screen for the detection of spontaneous viral mutants. Mutants of Moloney murine leukemia virus have been isolated which (i) produce a thermolabile reverse transcriptase, (ii) are temperature sensitive for release of enzyme activity, or (iii) can only productively infect cells already producing gag-related polypeptides. The assay has also been useful for the isolation of nonproducer cells infected with various replication-defective transforming viruses.
Identification of intracellular receptor proteins for activated protein kinase C. (1991)

Protein kinase C (PKC) translocates from the cytosol to the particulate fraction on activation. This activation-induced translocation of PKC is thought to reflect PKC binding to the membrane lipids. However, immunological and biochemical data suggest that PKC may bind to proteins in the cytoskeletal elements in the particulate fraction and in the nuclei. Here we describe evidence for the presence of intracellular receptor proteins that bind activated PKC. Several proteins from the detergent-insoluble material of the particulate fraction bound PKC in the presence of phosphatidylserine and calcium; binding was further increased with the addition of diacylglycerol. Binding of PKC to two of these proteins was concentration-dependent, saturable, and specific, suggesting that these binding proteins are receptors for activated C-kinase, termed here "RACKs." PKC binds to RACKs via a site on PKC distinct from the substrate binding site. We suggest that binding to RACKs may play a role in activation-induced translocation of PKC.
A neuron nets based procedure for identifying domestic appliances pattern-of-use from energy recordings at meter panel (2003)

The paper illustrates an artificial neural network (ANN) based procedure for the identification of pattern-of-use of some main domestic electric appliances from daily profiles of energy recordings taken at household's meter panel at 15 minute steps. The paper describes the architecture used which is structured into multiple subsequent stages based on ANNs. The application of the procedure to some real daily load diagrams as recorded at few household meters demonstrates the efficiency of the proposed approach. The utility of ANNs for extracting further useful information concerning energy usage from data bases typically available for electric companies is finally discussed.
Add-on Cu/SiLK/sup TM/ module for high Q inductors (2002)

Thick Cu single damascene inductors are integrated on top of a standard aluminum three-levels-of-metal (3LM) back-end of line (BEOL) silicon process. The obtained Q factors are more than four times higher than Q factors of the inductors of the same geometry processed in the Al 3LM BEOL. For an inductor of 3 nH designed for 2-GHz frequency applications and fabricated in thick Cu/SiLK/sup TM1/ as an add-on module, a Q factor of /spl sim/24 is reached. A compact two-section lumped element SPICE model is proposed and validated for both inductors in thick Cu/SiLK/sup TM/ and inductors in standard aluminum 3LM BEOL.
Model of Anti-Stokes Fluorescence Cooling in a Single-Mode Optical Fiber (2018)

We report a comprehensive model that quantifies analytically and numerically the heat that can be extracted by anti-Stokes fluorescence (ASF) from a fiber doped with a quasi-two-level laser ion. This model is used to investigate the effects on cooling of all relevant fiber and pump parameters, as well as amplified spontaneous emission. Simulations of a typical Yb-doped ZBLANP single-mode fiber show that for short enough fibers the heat extraction is relatively uniform along the fiber length. There is an optimum pump wavelength and power that maximizes the heat extracted per unit length. At this power, the coolest point is at the fiber input end. At higher powers, the coolest spot moves further down the fiber. The total heat extracted from a fiber, important for payload cooling, depends on the fiber absorptive loss, the pump wavelength, and the pump power. Simple expressions are derived to predict the optimum dopant concentration that maximizes heat extraction and the maximum tolerable absorptive fiber loss above which cooling is unobtainable. In a fiber with negligible residual absorption, the cooling efficiency is predicted to be 3.7%. In the modeled fiber, it is reduced to 1.7% in part by concentration quenching, but mainly due to the fiber absorptive loss (~15 dB/km). Since the total extracted heat increases linearly with core radius and dopant concentration (up to a limit determined by concentration quenching), highly doped multimode fibers are strong candidates for payload cooling. This model can be straightforwardly expanded to design and optimize fiber lasers and amplifiers that utilize ASF for cooling.
Panretinal, High-Resolution Color Photography of the Mouse Fundus (2007)

TEFI is a small, low-cost system that allows high-resolution color fundus imaging and fluorescein angiography in conscious mice. Panretinal imaging is facilitated by the presence of the large rounded lens. TEFI significantly improves the quality of in vivo photography of retina and ciliary process of mice. Resolution is, however, affected by chromatic aberration, and should be improved by monochromatic imaging.
American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP) guidelines for responsible opioid prescribing in chronic non-cancer pain: Part 2--guidance. (2012)

The guidelines are based on the best available evidence and do not constitute inflexible treatment recommendations. Due to the changing body of evidence, this document is not intended to be a "standard of care."
Attenuated Free Cortisol Response to Psychosocial Stress in Children with Atopic Dermatitis (1997)

These findings suggest that the adrenocortical response to stress is attenuated in atopic children. A hyporesponsive hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis might explain in part the stress-induced eruptions of AD symptoms.
Enhancing Creativity of Elementary Science Teachers - a preliminary study (2001)

This study presents a program for developing the creativity of teachers in designing hands-on science activities with the use of everyday resources. The design of this program is based on creativity theories in mainstream psychology. It aims at fostering the creative attitudes (i.e. confidence, interests and values) and the divergent thinking abilities (i.e. fluency, flexibility, unusualness and elaboration) of teachers in self-developing science experiments with simple everyday items. Strategies adopted in the program include --- hands-on inquiry, breaking of perceptual and cognitive sets, generation of multiple answers, suspension of judgment in brainstorming, attribute listing, usage of checklist, morphological synthesis, modeling and providing creative examples, thought-provoking questioning, cultivation of playful environment and