gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biodegradable poly(lactic acid) polymers (1971)

Abstract The synthesis of poly(lactic acids) from the cyclic lactides and properties of the polymers prepared have been described. Degradation rates in vitro under homogeous and heterogeneous conditions have been measured. The kinetics of deesterification under homogeneous conditions is second order and an activation energy of 11 Kcal/mol has been calculated. This is comparable to the value found for the hydrolysis of alkyl acetates. A biological in vitro method for determining the degradation of poly(lactic acids) has been described. The method indicates, in accordance with expectations, that poly( dl ‐lactic acid) degrades at a faster rate than L (+) lactic acid. Initial results of medical evaluation of the polymers in suture, rod, and film form are presented.
Improved single-chain transactivators of the Tet-On gene expression system (2007)

We developed an improved sc-rtTA variant that may replace regular rtTA in applications where multiple TetR-based regulatory systems are used.
Structure preserving embedding (2009)

Structure Preserving Embedding (SPE) is an algorithm for embedding graphs in Euclidean space such that the embedding is low-dimensional and preserves the global topological properties of the input graph. Topology is preserved if a connectivity algorithm, such as k-nearest neighbors, can easily recover the edges of the input graph from only the coordinates of the nodes after embedding. SPE is formulated as a semidefinite program that learns a low-rank kernel matrix constrained by a set of linear inequalities which captures the connectivity structure of the input graph. Traditional graph embedding algorithms do not preserve structure according to our definition, and thus the resulting visualizations can be misleading or less informative. SPE provides significant improvements in terms of visualization and lossless compression of graphs, outperforming popular methods such as spectral embedding and Laplacian eigen-maps. We find that many classical graphs and networks can be properly embedded using only a few dimensions. Furthermore, introducing structure preserving constraints into dimensionality reduction algorithms produces more accurate representations of high-dimensional data.
Enhancement of oral insulin bioavailability:in vitroandin vivoassessment of nanoporous stimuli-responsive hydrogel microparticles (2016)

These findings suggest that BC-g-P(AA) MPs are promising biomaterials to overcome the barriers of oral insulin delivery and enhancing its bioavailability.
Treatment of Comatose Survivors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest with Induced Hypothermia (2002)

Our preliminary observations suggest that treatment with moderate hypothermia appears to improve outcomes in patients with coma after resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
Bioactive compounds in cranberries and their role in prevention of urinary tract infections (2007)

Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) ingestion has long been associated with prevention of urinary tract infections. The beneficial mechanism was historically thought to be due to the fruit acids causing a bacteriostatic effect in the urine. However, recently, a group of proanthocyanidins (PACs) with A-type linkages were isolated from cranberry which exhibit bacterial antiadhesion activity against both antibiotic susceptible and resistant strains of uropathogenic P-fimbriated Escherichia coli bacteria. The link between cranberry ingestion and maintenance of urinary tract health as well as the structural diversity, pharmacokinetics, quantification, and bacterial antiadhesion bioactivity of the A-linked cranberry PACs are reviewed.
시베리아와 극동의 개발(발전): APEC 국가들과의 협력방안 (2011)

러시아 동부지역의 발전은 항상 지정학적, 지경제학적 문제점을 야기했고 현재도 그러하다. 이런 문제점은 역사적으로 다양한 시대에 러시아란 국가를 하나로 통합하고 보존하기위해 국방과 정치, 경제적 시의성을 바탕으로 풀어야만 하는 것이었다.
최근의 역사에서도 예외는 아니다. 시베리아와 극동의 천연자원과 영토라는 전략적 의미를 포함해 2006년 푸틴은 이 지역의 역할과 위치, 의미를 라는 이름으로 천명했다. 그러나 ‘창고’라는 것은 살아가는 것이나 활동, 발전에 있어 절대적으로 좋은 것일 수 없기에 거주민의 사회, 경제적 현실성을 배제한 발언이라고 할 수 있다. 바로 이것이 중앙과-극동이라는 관계 속에서 러시아가 통합되지 못하는 원인으로 나타나고 있다.
유럽지역과 인접한 중국과 한국, 일본의 상업과 경제, 재정의 중심지와 러시아 동부지역들의 삶의 사회경제적 지표의 차이는 연방수준에서 와 같은 대대적인 프로그램의 비준과 현실화가 반드시 필요하다는 점을 재인식시켜준다. 동 프로그램의 구체화에 대한 주요 방향은 두가지 방향성을 가지고 있다: 민족-경제 부문, 대외경제 부문.
바이칼 인접지역(프리바이칼리예)와 극동지역 개발의 기본경향은 해당 지역들의 경제부문에서의 대외경제의 확대와 모든 방향의 활동에 있어 대외경제 관계의 중요성의 상승이다. 국제경제 및 사회적 협력의 주요 파트너(프리바이칼리예와 극동 지역도 예외없이)는 APEC 국가들이며 특히 중국과 한국, 일본이 가장 주요 파트너이다.
극동과 바이칼지역의 개발전략의 구체화는 러시아 생산자들의 아시아태평양 지역 시장에서의 위치를 강화하기 위한 조건을 형성하는 것과 상품 및 고부부가치 서비스 시장으로의 진출, 원자재수출 비율의 감소, 대외경제협력관계의 다양화를 전제조건으로 한다.
극동 프로그램은 시베리아와 극동지역에서 접경지대 및 지역간 협력의 주요 방향을 결정한다: 러시아 천연자원 수출의 축소와 고부가가치 상품시장으로의 수출 확대, 주변국가와 아시아태평양 지역 시장에서의 효율성을 높이기 위한 목표를 가지고 있는 러시아 기업들의 활동의 일관성의 향상, 아시아태평양 지역의 통합과정에 러시아의 최대치의 참여를 확고히 한다는 목적을 가지고 주변인접지역들과의 경제다변화, 동북아시아국가들의 영토에 대한 지리적 범위의 확대가 가능한 인접국가들과 러시아 연방의 접경지대 사이에 농업 및 문화, 인문적 관계의 발전과 강화, 국경지역들과 경제적, 교통, 에너지, 공공부문, 생태, 인구사회, 인도주의 등의 다양한 분야의 문제점 공동 결정, 중소기업의 발전, 러시아 연방의 국경지역을 통과하는 수출입 상품의 통과속도 높이기.
시베리아와 극동지역에서 국경지대 및 지역간 협력관계의 주요 방향에는 행정분야와 통상분야에서는 이미 유명한 러시아 지방의 대외경제활동과 일반적 경제활동의 고착화된 문제점들을 구체적으로 포함시키지 않고 있다. 그러나 한편으로는, 러연방의 중앙지역은 지방의 대외경제활동의 운영을 위해 자결권의 수준을 높여줘야하고, 다른 한편으로는 APEC국가들과 프리바이칼리예의 대외경제활동 실행에 있어 중개와 보증의 역할을 동시에 수행해야한다.
연방 프로그램 은 무엇보다 프리바이칼리예와 극동에서 러시아의 내부문제를 해결하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이 내부문제는 러시아와 각 지방 그리고 해외파트너들과의 이해관계의 상충에서 오는 것이다.
러시아 천연자원의 수출감소와 APEC지역으로의 고부가가치 상품수출의 비율을 향상시키는 것은 러시아 국내기술을 국제수준으로 개혁한 뒤에야 가능한 것이다. 이러한 경제분야에서의 기술의 형성과 안정화는 많은 해외투자를 요구하며 중국과 한국, 일본과 같은 이웃국가들이 어떤 수준으로 참여하느냐에 따라 달라질 것이다.
이러한 하이퀄리티 기술과 고부가가치 상품 없이는 천연자원이 대외무역의 주요수입원이 될 수밖에 없다. 천연자원 수출 조정(제한)업무를 담당하는 국가조정기관들이 지방에 대한 자금지원을 지속적으로 감축하고 있어 오히려 지방의 산업구조는 대외무역업무 분야에서 비법률적(비공식적) 방법을 필요로 하는 지경에 이르고 있다.
고부가가치 상품의 수출을 늘리는 것은 중국정부의 수입관련 입장에는 반하는 것이다. 중국은 원자재의 수입을 더 선호하기 때문에 고부가가치 상품과 하이 퀄리티 기술을 필요로 하는 상품에는 투자를 하지 않을 것이며 이 분야에 대한 중국 수입관세는 계속해서 상승하고 있는 추세이다.
한국과 일본과의 기술협력에 대한 전망은 발전전략이란 부분에 있어서 보다 긍정적인 안이 될 것이다. 현재 지방의 투자리스크는 현실로 존재한다. 예를 들어, 이르쿠츠크 주는 러시아의 다른 지역들 가운데에서 투자유치 지역으로 8위를 차지한다(주로 천연자원 잠재력으로 인한 것이다). 동시에 이르쿠츠크는 투자리스크 30위권에 든다. 이는 한국과 일본의 투자가 미미하고 외국자본이 참여한 기업의 수가 제한되어 있다는 점에서 설명된다.
프리바이칼리예와 극동지역의 APEC국가들과의 대외경제협력 문제와 국내문제들의 해결에 있어 중앙정부의 참여는 APEC국가들의 해외투자의 투자리스크 수준에 영향을 끼친다: 즉, 중앙정부의 지방에 대한 정치적, 법률적, 경제적, 사회적 참여가 필요하다.
바로 이러한 방법만이 극동과 바이칼지역에서의 해외의 강력한 국제규격 수준과 대규모 연구기관들에 맞는 하이 테크놀러지 생산품의 수출을 가능하게 할 것이며, 이러한 활동의 결과는 러시아와 APEC 국가들 모두에게 이익이 될 것이다.
시베리아 및 극동지역과 중국의 동북지역 접경지대 협력의 자유화, 일본 및 한국, 다른 APEC 국가들과의 경제협력을 의미한다.
현재 교통시스템은 극동과 바이칼지역의 잠재력을 완전히 활용할 수 없는 수준이기 때문에 대외무역과 운송을 안정화할 수 있도록 아태지역의 교통시스템과 운송시스템을 통합해야 한다.
- 러시아 국경지역에서의 통신서비스의 위임에 관한 공동프로젝트의 현실화에는 보다 높은 안정성과 신뢰성이라는 목적하에 국, 중국, 일본과의 국제고속도로망의 건설이 요구된다.
- 연료, 에너지 공급의 안정성 확보(한국, 일본, 중국, 몽골)는 아펙 국가들의 연료 및 전력, 에너지설비시장의 다변화를 기반으로 가능하다.
- 하이 테크놀러지 분야의 협력
APEC 국가들의 채굴산업 분야, 산림, 농업, 어업, 관광산업분야에 대한 투자참여
The potential of theragnostic 124I-8H9 convection-enhanced delivery in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (2014)

The safety and feasibility of (124)I dosimetry following CED via PET is demonstrated, establishing a preclinical framework for a trial evaluating CED of (124)I-8H9 for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma.
Processing and Characterization of Protein Polymers (1997)

High molecular weight synthetic poly(peptides) of precisely controlled amino acid composition and sequence can be produced by the genetic engineering of Escherichia coli bacteria. By this route, novel protein polymers can be synthesized with combinations of amino acid sequences not found in any known natural polypeptide. Such well-defined biomaterials are of interest for a number of applications including cellular adhesion promoters, biosensors, and suture materials (Capperauld, 1989; Hubbell, 1993; Cappello et al., 1990; Cappello and Crissman, 1990; Cappello et al., 1990a, 1990b; Tirrell et al., 1991). By changing the composition of the protein, it is possible to control its biological activity and degradability. The ability to manipulate the three-dimensional structure of biopolymers may have significant implications for tissue engineering (Hubbell and Langer, 1995; Langer and Vacanti, 1993). To be successful in these applications, it will be necessary to determine how to process protein polymers into assemblies with desirable microstructural arrangements. Although the general feasibility of the genetic approach to protein molecular design and expression is now fairly well established, a fundamental understanding of appropriate processing methods, microstructural evolution, and the macroscopic properties of protein materials is only just beginning to emerge.
Innovative In-situ Natural Gas Huff "n" Puff in the Same Wellbore for Cost-effective Development: A Case Study in Sudan (2011)

Abstract This paper illustrates the natural gas in-situ huff and puff pilot test applied in Jake field in Sudan. B pool of Jake field is a medium GOR (100 scf/bbl) pool with medium well productivity, averaging at 500 BOPD by PCP testing. Operator intended to increase well output to reduce operational and safety hazards. Substantial high pressure natural gas below B pool could be utilized and injected into B pool to boost recovery factor. This process undergoes injection, soaking, production, similar to steam huff and puff. Pilot test of in-situ huff and puff has been planned by following methodology: 1) driving mechanisms investigation of huff and puff and confirm applicability in B pool; 2) gas production from tubing and injection into B pool through casing without using gas compressors; 3) injection and production parameters optimization by nodal analysis; Pilot test on two wells JS-4 and JS-1 began in Aug. 2010 and flowed naturally after 20 days injection and gained 20 fold well rate increase compared with PCP wells, amounting to 10000-13000 BOPD, setting the highest well rate record in Sudan. Conclusions drawn from pilot tests were as follows:1) in-situ natural gas huff and puff was feasible; 2) gas injection could boost reservoir pressure and reduce in-situ viscosity and enhance recovery factor; 3) gas from tubing into casing was proved simple, efficient and cost-effective 4) production rates could be optimized using nodal analysis. Sudan is abundant in layered pools with lower gas and upper light oil, natural gas in-situ huff and puff has wide applications for similar pools in Sudan. Successful natural gas huff and puff pilot test in this paper highlighted huge oil rate gain, innovative well bore structure, cost-effective operation, paving the way for future full field implementation.
Stimulation of CD28 triggers an association between CD28 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in Jurkat T cells. (1994)

The T cell surface molecule CD28 can provide costimulatory signals that permit the full activation of T cells. Here we demonstrate that stimulation of CD28, either by B7, its natural ligand, or by the anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody 9.3, induces an association between CD28 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) in Jurkat T cells, raising the possibility that an interaction with PI3-K contributes to CD28-mediated signaling. To examine the mechanism of the association, we synthesized tyrosine-phosphorylated oligopeptides corresponding to each of the four tyrosines in the CD28 cytoplasmic domain. When added to lysates of B7-stimulated Jurkat cells, the oligopeptide corresponding to Tyr 173 inhibits the coimmunoprecipitation of PI3-K with CD28; the other oligopeptides have no effect. Tyr 173 is contained within the sequence YMNM, a motif that is also found in the platelet-derived growth factor receptor and that, when phosphorylated, forms a high affinity binding site for the p85 subunit of PI3-K. These observations suggest that phosphorylation of Tyr 173 may mediate the interaction between CD28 and PI3-K. However, because CD28 is not known to be phosphorylated, it remains possible that CD28 interacts with PI3-K through a mechanism independent of tyrosine phosphorylation.
Exercise characteristics and the blood pressure response to dynamic physical training (2001)

Training from three to five times per week during 30--60 min per session at an intensity of about 40--50% of net maximal exercise performance appears to be effective with regard to blood pressure reduction. The evidence that higher intensity exercise would be less effective is at present inconsistent.
A PUF-FSM Binding Scheme for FPGA IP Protection and Pay-Per-Device Licensing (2015)

With its reprogrammability, low design cost, and increasing capacity, field-programmable gate array (FPGA) has become a popular design platform and a target for intellectual property (IP) infringement. Currently available IP protection solutions are usually limited to protect single FPGA configurations and require permanent secret key storage in the FPGA. In addition, they cannot provide a commercially popular pay-per-device licensing solution. In this paper, we propose a novel IP protection mechanism to restrict IP's execution only on specific FPGA devices in order to efficiently protect IPs from being cloned, copied, or used with unauthorized integration. This mechanism can also enforce the pay-per-device licensing, which enables the system developers to purchase IPs from the core vendors at the low price based on usage instead of paying the expensive unlimited IP license fees. In our proposed binding-based mechanism, FPGA vendors embed into each enrolled FPGA device with a physical unclonable function (PUF) customized for FPGAs; IP vendors embed augmented finite-state machines (FSM) into the original IPs such that the FSM can be activated by the PUF responses from the FPGA device. We propose protocols to lock and unlock FPGA IPs, demonstrate how PUF can be embedded onto FPGA devices, and analyze the security vulnerabilities of our PUF-FSM binding method. We implement a 128-bit delay-based PUF on 28-nm FPGAs with only 258 RAM-lookup tables and 256 flipflops. The PUF responses are unique and reliable against environment changes. We also synthesize a variety of FSM benchmark circuits. On large benchmarks, the average timing overhead is 0.64% and power overhead in 0.01%.
Psychedelics and the Human Receptorome (2010)

We currently understand the mental effects of psychedelics to be caused by agonism or partial agonism of 5-HT(2A) (and possibly 5-HT(2C)) receptors, and we understand that psychedelic drugs, especially phenylalkylamines, are fairly selective for these two receptors. This manuscript is a reference work on the receptor affinity pharmacology of psychedelic drugs. New data is presented on the affinity of twenty-five psychedelic drugs at fifty-one receptors, transporters, and ion channels, assayed by the National Institute of Mental Health-Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (NIMH-PDSP). In addition, comparable data gathered from the literature on ten additional drugs is also presented (mostly assayed by the NIMH-PDSP). A new method is introduced for normalizing affinity (K(i)) data that factors out potency so that the multi-receptor affinity profiles of different drugs can be directly compared and contrasted. The method is then used to compare the thirty-five drugs in graphical and tabular form. It is shown that psychedelic drugs, especially phenylalkylamines, are not as selective as generally believed, interacting with forty-two of forty-nine broadly assayed sites. The thirty-five drugs of the study have very diverse patterns of interaction with different classes of receptors, emphasizing eighteen different receptors. This diversity of receptor interaction may underlie the qualitative diversity of these drugs. It should be possible to use this diverse set of drugs as probes into the roles played by the various receptor systems in the human mind.
A new CAD method and associated architectures for linear controllers (1988)

A computer-aided design (CAD) method and associated architectures are proposed for linear controllers. The design method and architecture are based on recent results that parameterize all controllers that stabilize a given plant. With this architecture, the design of controllers is a convex programming problem that can be solved numerically. Constraints on the closed-loop system, such as asymptotic tracking, decoupling, limits on peak excursions of variables, step response, settling time, and overshoot, as well as frequency-domain inequalities, are readily incorporated in the design. The minimization objective is quite general, with LQG (linear quadratic Gaussian) H/sub infinity / and new l/sub 1/ types as special cases. The constraints and objective are specified in a control specification language which is natural for the control engineer, referring directly to step responses, noise powers, transfer functions, and so on.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An Exploratory Look at the Relationship Between Materialistic Values and Goals and Type A Behaviour (2008)

Previous research in Australia has inferred that materialism and its possession-defined ‘Success’ subtheme described by Richins and Dawson (1992) has characteristics in common with specific Type A behaviour including competitiveness and aggression. Given that Australian materialists appear to have similar inclinations to their North American counterparts, assumptions by the latter that materialism and Type A behaviour fall under the same cultural value of work and wealth might also be applicable in Australia. Hence, the present study aims to explore the relationship between materialism and Type A behaviour, with psychometric measures of each administered to 193 Australian participants. Scores on Materialism were positively correlated with Type A behaviours, while the Success subscale was only significantly correlated with the second Type A item, assessing competitiveness. However, while materialistic pursuits might provide a culturally sanctioned outlet for competitive behaviours deriving from existing Type A personalities, it could also be argued that contemporary consumer society encourages such behaviours.
Secure network-wide clock synchronization in wireless sensor networks (2010)

Clock synchronization is of critical importance for several applications in wireless and mobile sensor networks; for example to determine the order and time of events. Although several protocols to achieve clock synchronization have been developed, they may not be secure. For instance, a link controlled by an attacker could delay packets it forwards in ways which would cause the nodes sharing that link to obtain faulty time estimates. In this paper, we propose a secure network-wide clock synchronization protocol. It also allows nodes to securely discover the network topology by detecting and isolating links that behave inconsistently. This network-wide clock synchronization protocol is built on ideas in [1] where inconsistent attacks are detected using timing information alone under certain conditions. The proposed protocol has been implemented and the results of experimentation on a twenty-five node network are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: AGENTS ACTING ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: PART XXXIII. SYNTHESIS OF 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,12C‐OCTAHYDROPYRAZINO(2′,1′:2,1)PYRIDO(4,3‐B)INDOLE AND SOME 2‐SUBSTITUTED AMINOALKYLINDOLES (1980)

Abstract Durch Kondensation der Titelverbindung (IV) mit den entsprechenden Vinylderivaten werden die Verbindungen (Va) und (Vb) und durch geeignete Substitutionsreaktionen (Vc) und das 2‐Acetyl‐Derivat (Ausb. 79%) dargestellt.
High-Frequency EEG Activity at the Start of Seizures (1992)

Frequencies above 35-40 Hz are poorly visualized on conventional EEG scalp recordings. We investigated frequency components up to 150 Hz in digitally recorded EEGs of seizures in five patients with implanted subdural grids, as part of their evaluation for epilepsy surgery. Amplifier bandpass was set from 0.1 to 300 Hz, and EEG was digitized at 2,000 samples per second. Seizures with electrodecremental patterns at the start showed a significant increase in spectral power above 35 Hz, with a twofold increase in the 40-50-Hz range, and up to a fivefold increase in the 80-120-Hz portion of the spectrum. Activity above 40 Hz could represent summed action potentials, harmonics of synaptic potentials or transient sharp components of synaptic potentials. High-frequency increases were largely localized to the region of the seizure focus. Grid sites remote from the focus did not show significant energy in the EEG band above 40 Hz at baseline, nor at time of seizure onset. Our findings suggest that high-frequency recordings may be of use in localizing seizure foci.
Mixed cuprate reagents of type R1R2CuLi which allow selective group transfer (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMixed cuprate reagents of type R1R2CuLi which allow selective group transferE. J. Corey and David J. BeamesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 20, 7210–7211Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00775a089https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00775a089research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2009Altmetric-Citations263LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New concepts in reactive oxygen species and cardiovascular reperfusion physiology (2003)

Increasingly complex behavior of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are noted within biological systems. Classically free radicals and ROS were considered injurious, however current mechanisms describe both protective and deleterious effects. A burst of ROS has been well described with the first moments of reperfusion and is associated with injury. However ROS can also be protective as signal preconditioning protection and induce stress responses that lead to survival. ROS generation is appreciated to occur during ischemia despite the low oxygen tension, from a likely mitochondria source, and ROS-induced ROS release may amplify its signal. The burst of ROS seen during reperfusion may originate from a different cellular source than during ischemia and is not yet fully identified. ROS and cellular redox conditions regulate a large number of vital pathways (energy metabolism, survival/stress responses, apoptosis, inflammatory response, oxygen sensing, etc). While cellular systems may demonstrate reperfusion injury, whole organ and animal models continue to report contradictory results on reperfusion injury and the role of antioxidants as a therapy. Collectively, these data may offer insight into why clinical trials of antioxidants have had such mixed and mostly negative results. Future antioxidant therapies are likely to be effective but they must become: more specific for site of action, not have deleterious effects on other signaling pathways, be targeted to a specific reactive oxygen species or cellular compartment, and be "time sensitive" so they deliver the correct therapy at precisely the correct time in ischemia and reperfusion.