gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of Intracellular, Extracellular and Production of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Lipopolysaccharide- Stimulated Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (2014)

Purpose: To determine the detailed time course of intracellular, extracellular and production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-ƒα, IL-1β, IL-1&amp;#945, IL-6 and IL-8) in normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).Methods: PBMC were isolated from human whole blood, stimulated by 0.1 µ/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and incubated at 37oC, 5% CO2. Samples were harvested at different time intervals (4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 h) after stimulation. ELISA was employed for the measurement of the extracellular and intracellular cytokine levels of the samples.Results: The release of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 on LPS-stimulated PBMC were significantly higher with concentrations in the range of 3161 ± 162.5 to 4027 ± 361.5 pg/ml (p &lt; 0.001), 3921.5 ± 879.3 to 11628.3 ± 2647.3 pg/ml (p ≤ 0.030), and 4122.0 ± 382.9 to 5898.6±115.8 pg/ml (p ≤ 0.049), respectively compared to intracellular levels that were very low (TNF-α, 23.5 #177; 5.0 to 69.5 ± 13.8 pg/ml; IL-6, 22.5 ± 16.5 to 96.5 ± 9.6 pg/ml; and IL-8, 501.1 ± 221.0 to 1452.5 #177 415.7 pg/ml) and remained unchanged during 24 h. In contrast, both IL-1α and IL-1β 3946;were secreted gradually. Secretion and production of IL-6 was significantly higher at 8 h (9394.4 ± 846.3 pg/ml; p = 0.002) and at 20 h (11628.3 ± 2647.3 pg/ml; p = 0.014) than other cytokines.Conclusion: The differences in the characteristic kinetics of cytokines may be caused by different mechanisms of secretion and function. IL-1, TNF-945; and IL-8 play a role as proinflammatory cytokines, whereas IL-6 consecutively plays a dual role as pro-inflammatory cytokine and anti-inflammatory.Keywords: Pro-inflammatory cytokine, Tumor necrosis factor-α, Interleukin-1α, Interleukin-1β, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-8.
Treatment of hepatitis D (2005)

Delta virus related chronic hepatitis is difficult to treat. The response to alpha-interferon (IFN), which still represents the only therapy for chronic hepatitis D, varies widely and occurs at different times from the beginning of treatment. The rate of response is proportional to the dose of IFN, with 9 million units (MU) three times a week being more effective than 3 MU thrice weekly. Sustained responses are unusual and are accompanied by the clearance of serum hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), seroconversion to anti-HBs and improvement of liver histology. Although disease of a short-standing may respond better to therapy, clear predictors of response are still unidentified. Besides IFN, other therapeutic approaches such as immunosuppressive drugs, acyclovir, ribavirin and thymosin, have been unhelpful. Available evidence does not support the use of deoxynucleotide analogues. Famciclovir has no effect on disease activity and hepatitis D virus (HDV)-RNA levels. Twelve- or 24-month lamivudine treatment does not significantly affect biochemical, virological or histological parameters. Pegylated-IFN could represent a reasonable therapeutic option in the long-term treatment required for chronic hepatitis D. Antisense oligonucleotides and prenylation inhibitors hold promise as therapeutic agents of the future. Liver transplantation provides a valid option for end-stage HDV liver disease; the risk of re-infection is lower for HDV than for HBV under long-term administration of hyperimmune serum against HBsAg. Molecularly tailored drugs capable of interfering with crucial viral replicative processes of HDV appear to be the best prospect in the treatment of hepatitis D.
Microscope-integrated intraoperative optical coherence tomography-guided small-incision lenticule extraction: New surgical technique (2017)

We describe the surgical technique of microscope-integrated intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT)-guided small-incision lenticule extraction. The technique enables manual tracking of surgical instruments and identification of the desired dissection plane. It also helps discern the relation between the dissector and the intrastromal lenticule. The dissection plane becomes hyperreflective on dissection, ensuring complete separation of the intrastromal lenticule from the overlying and underlying stroma. Inadvertent posterior plane entry, cap-lenticule adhesion, incomplete separation of the lenticule, creation of a false plane, and lenticule remnants may be recognized intraoperatively so corrective steps can be taken immediately. In cases with a hazy overlying cap, microscope-integrated intraoperative OCT enables localization and extraction of the lenticule. The technique is helpful for inexperienced surgeons, especially in cases with low amplitudes of refractive errors, ie, thin lenticules.
The mood stabiliser lithium suppresses PIP3 signalling in Dictyostelium and human cells (2009)

Bipolar mood disorder (manic depression) is a major psychiatric disorder whose molecular origins are unknown. Mood stabilisers offer patients both acute and prophylactic treatment, and experimentally, they provide a means to probe the underlying biology of the disorder. Lithium and other mood stabilisers deplete intracellular inositol and it has been proposed that bipolar mood disorder arises from aberrant inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate [IP(3), also known as Ins(1,4,5)P(3)] signalling. However, there is no definitive evidence to support this or any other proposed target; a problem exacerbated by a lack of good cellular models. Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate [PIP(3), also known as PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3)] is a prominent intracellular signal molecule within the central nervous system (CNS) that regulates neuronal survival, connectivity and synaptic function. By using the genetically tractable organism Dictyostelium, we show that lithium suppresses PIP(3)-mediated signalling. These effects extend to the human neutrophil cell line HL60. Mechanistically, we show that lithium attenuates phosphoinositide synthesis and that its effects can be reversed by overexpression of inositol monophosphatase (IMPase), consistent with the inositol-depletion hypothesis. These results demonstrate a lithium target that is compatible with our current knowledge of the genetic predisposition for bipolar disorder. They also suggest that lithium therapy might be beneficial for other diseases caused by elevated PIP(3) signalling.
Continuous Fabrication of Hierarchical and Asymmetric Bijel Microparticles, Fibers, and Membranes by Solvent Transfer‐Induced Phase Separation (STRIPS) (2015)

Continuous generation of hierarchical and asymmetric bijels based on solvent-transfer-induced phase separation (STRIPS) is demo­nstrated. In STRIPS, phase separation is induced by solvent extraction from an initially homogeneous ternary mixture, and bicontinuous morphology is stabilized by inter­facial attachment of nano­particles, which are functionalized in situ. STRIPS allows stable bijel formation from a wide variety of liquids and particles. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
High Electromechanical Coupling Factor and Electrostrictive Strain over Broad Frequency Range in Electrostrictive Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) Copolymer Films (2001)

Electromechanical coupling factor is one of the most important parameters for measuring the performance of materials for electromechanical transduction applications. In this paper, we will show that a transverse electromechanical coupling factor k 31 of more than 0.45 can be achieved in poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] copolymer under certain electron irradiation treatment conditions. In addition, the effective piezoelectric coefficients of the irradiated copolymer have been found to increase markedly in comparison to non-irradiated copolymers. Experimental evidences also indicate that the improved electrostrictive strains in irradiated copolymer films can be maintained over a broad frequency and temperature range.
Vapor Phase Fabrication of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Asymmetric Polymer Membranes (2016)

The fabrication of asymmetric polymer membranes via vapor phase deposition is demonstrated. In this solventless process, the dense layer is deposited first and then the porous layer is subsequently deposited onto the dense layer. A variety of functional polymer membranes can be produced by varying the precursor molecules. The functionality of the dense and porous layers can be independently tailored to be either hydrophobic or hydrophilic, resulting in membranes that are fully hydrophilic, fully hydrophobic, or asymmetric in both structure and chemical functionality. The thickness of both the porous and dense layers can be separately tuned by controlling the deposition time. image
White Cell Telomere Length and Risk of Premature Myocardial Infarction (2003)

The findings support the concept that biological age may play a role in the etiology of coronary heart disease and have potentially important implications for our understanding of its genetic etiology, pathogenesis, and variable age of onset.
Biological and physical factors influencing the successful engraftment of a cultured human skin substitute (1996)

Skin tissue may be engineered in a variety of ways. Our cultured skin substitute (Graftskin, living skin equivalent or G-LSE), Apligraf™, is an organotypic culture of skin, containing both a “dermis” and “epidermis.” The epidermis is an important functional component of skin, responsible for biologic wound closure. The epidermis possesses a stratum corneum which develops with time in culture. The stratum corneum provides barrier function properties and gives the LSE improved strength and handling characteristics. Clinical experience indicated that the stratum corneum might play an important role in improving the clinical utility of the LSE. Handling and physical characteristics improved with time in culture. We examined the LSE at different stages of epidermal maturation for barrier function and ability to persist as a graft. LSE grafted onto athymic mice before significant development of barrier function did not withstand bandage removal at 7 days postgraft. LSE grafted after barrier function had been established in vitro were able to withstand bandage removal at day 7. Corneum lipid composition and structure are critical components for barrier function. Media modifications were used in an attempt to improve the fatty acid composition of the stratum corneum. The barrier developed more rapidly and was improved in a serum-free, lipid-supplemented condition. Lipid lamellar structure was improved with 10% of the stratum corneum exhibiting broad-narrow-broad lipid lamellar arrangements similar to human skin. Fatty acid metabolism was not appreciably altered. Barrier function in vitro was 4- to 10-fold more permeable than human skin. Epidermal differentiation does not compromise engraftment or the wound healing ability of the epidermis. The stratum corneum provides features beneficial for engraftment and clinical use. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Long-term Protection From Myocardial Ischemic Events in a Randomized Trial of Brief Integrin β3 Blockade With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (1997)

<h3>Context.</h3> —Avciximab,lonal antibody fragment against the platelet receptor α<sub>llb</sub>β<sub>3</sub>integrin, prevents platelet aggregation. A randomized, placebo-controlled study showed that abciximab improves outcomes for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary angioplasty at 30 days and at 6 months. <h3>Objective.</h3> —to determine whether abciximab improves outcomes 3 years after coronary angioplasty. <h3>Design.</h3> —Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. <h3>Setting.</h3> —A total of 56 academic and community hospitals in the United States. <h3>Patients.</h3> —A total of 2099 high-risk patients undergoing coronary angioplasty were randomized. Sufficient time elapsed for 2.5 years of follow-up among 2001 patients and for 3 years of follow-up among 1599 patients. <h3>Intervention.</h3> —Abciximab bolus of 0.25 mg/kg followed by infusion at 10 μg/min for 12 hours; abciximab bolus of 0.25 mg/kg followed by placebo infusion; or placebo bolus followed by placebo infusion. <h3>Main Outcomes Measures.</h3> —The primary outcome was the composite of death, myocardial infarction, or coronary revascularization. Secondary outcomes were death, myocardial infarction, or coronary revascularization individually. Subgroups having refractory unstable angina or evolving myocardial infarction and having different elevations of creatine kinase during initial angioplasty were analyzed. <h3>Results.</h3> —At 3 years, composite end points occurred in 41.1% of those receiving abciximab bolus plus infusion; 47.4% of those receiving abciximab bolus only; and 47.2% of those receiving placebo only (for abciximab bolus plus infusion vs placebo,<i>P</i>=.009). Death occurred in 6.8%, 8.0%, and 8.6%, respectively (for abciximab bolus plus infusion vs placebo,<i>P</i>=.20); myocardial infarction in 10.7%, 12.2%, and 13.6%, respectively (for abciximab bolus plus infusion vs placebo,<i>P</i>=.08); and revascularization in 34.8%, 38.6%, and 40.1%, respectively (for abciximab bolus plus infusion vs placebo,<i>P</i>=.02). Among those with refractory unstable angina or evolving myocardial infarction, death occurred in 5.1%, 9.2%, and 12.7%, respectively (for abciximab bolus plus infusion vs placebo,<i>P</i>=.01). Death rates increased as periprocedural creatine kinase levels increased. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Adciximab bolus with infusion given at the time of coronary angioplasty improves outcomes as long as 3 years after the procedure.
Transportation by Pipelines in Space Colonies (1988)

The use of pipelines in space colonies to transport liquid, gas, solids and even passengers is not only feasible but also desirable. For many applications, pipelines offer a number of advantages over other modes of transportation on the moon and Mars which have lower gravity and a more hostile environment than that on the Earth. Low gravity facilitates the transportation of solid materials and people by pipelines. Pipelines also provide the greatest safety to transporting people in a hostile and dangerous environment. This paper explores various factors in space colonies that affect the use of pipelines, and how to design pipelines with these factors taken into account. Some important applications of pipelines in space colonies are also discussed.
Field trials of monovalent Ogawa and Inaba cholera vaccines in rural Bangladesh--three years of observation. (1973)

A controlled cholera vaccine field trial was carried out to test the efficacy of monovalent whole-cell Inaba and Ogawa cholera vaccines and a purified Inaba antigen. This study was designed particularly to study the level of protection produced by these vaccines against homologous and heterologous serotypes and to correlate the results with mouse protection tests and human serological response to the vaccines. A cohort of 45 000 children, aged 0-14 years, was divided into a control group and three vaccine groups. Inoculations were given annually for 2 years just before the start of the cholera season, and follow-up was continued for one additional year. Essentially, all cholera cases were due to the Inaba serotype, so that protection could be studied only against that serotype. Two annual injections of the whole-cell Inaba vaccine gave the highest level of protection, averaging 84% over the 3 years of follow-up; a single injection of the purified Inaba vaccine gave less protection (51%). Two annual injections of the whole-cell Ogawa vaccine failed to protect children under the age of 5 but did produce 48% protection for children aged 5-14 against Inaba cholera. Serological surveys correlated poorly with protection; specifically, the Ogawa vaccine produced high anti-Inaba titres in young children but no protection. The cross-protection against Inaba cholera produced by Ogawa vaccine in the older children is assumed to be due to boosting of naturally acquired immunity in this population. Monovalent vaccine cannot be recommended for general public health use because of the serotype specificity of protection that this study has demonstrated.
(Xeno)estrogen Sensitivity of Smooth Muscle BK Channels Conferred by the Regulatory β1 Subunit (2001)

Estrogen and xenoestrogens (i.e. agents that are not steroids but possess estrogenic activity) increase the open probability (P(o)) of large conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK) channels in smooth muscle. The mechanism of action may involve the regulatory beta1 subunit. We used beta1 subunit knockout (beta1-/-) mice to test the hypothesis that the regulatory beta1 subunit is essential for the activation of BK channels by tamoxifen, 4-OH tamoxifen (a major biologically active metabolite), and 17beta-estradiol in native myocytes. Patch clamp recordings demonstrate BK channels from beta1-/- mice were similar to wild type with the exception of markedly reduced Ca(2+)/voltage sensitivity and faster activation kinetics. In wild type myocytes, (xeno)estrogens increased NP(o) (P(o) x the number of channels, N), shifted the voltage of half-activation (V(12)) to more negative potentials, and decreased unitary conductance. These effects were non-genomic and direct, because they were rapid, reversible, and observed in cell-free patches. None of the (xeno)estrogens increased the NP(o) of BK channels from beta1-/- mice, but all three agents decreased single channel conductance. Thus, (xeno)estrogens increase BK NP(o) through a mechanism involving the beta1 subunit. The decrease in conductance did not require the beta1 subunit and probably reflects an interaction with the pore-forming alpha subunit. We demonstrate regulation of smooth muscle BK channels by physiological (steroid hormones) and pharmacological (chemotherapeutic) agents and reveal the critical role of the beta1 subunit in these responses in native myocytes.
Resolution of .alpha.-substituted mandelic acids via chiral oxazolines using pressurized chromatography (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTResolution of .alpha.-substituted mandelic acids via chiral oxazolines using pressurized chromatographyA. I. Meyers and Joel SladeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 14, 2912–2914Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1980https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01302a033RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views90Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (440 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Development of surface micromachining techniques compatible with on-chip electronics (1996)

Silicon has long been known to have excellent mechanical properties although the full potential of the material was not realized until micromachining techniques enabled the fabrication of true mechanical structures. The first types of structure were fabricated using bulk micromachining techniques, where the silicon wafer is etched to leave free-standing mechanical structures. More recently surface micromachining techniques have received considerable attention. In this case the mechanical structures are fabricated in thin films deposited on the silicon wafer surface. This development has yielded structures considerably smaller than those fabricated in bulk micromachining. In this paper the development of surface micromachining techniques is reviewed. This includes the modifications required to achieve compatibility with standard electronic circuitry.
Modular multilevel converters for battery electric vehicles: variable dc voltage control to optimize battery lifetime (2020)

Nowadays, battery electric vehicles are spreading and the customer expectation is increasing not only in terms of performances and vehicle range but also in terms of reliability and lifetime of the battery onboard. In recent years, several innovative solutions for the traction drives have been proposed with the aim to increase the efficiency and the performance. Particularly interesting is the solution based on the double star chopper cell converter integrating the battery in the converter modules and implementing also the battery management system functionalities. For this converter, different modulation techniques have been proposed but all of them keeps the dc bus voltage constant implying the use of all the battery modules in any working moment. In this paper, the possibility to reduce the battery usage, and, therefore, their ageing, by controlling the dc bus voltage as function of the vehicle speed is analyzed. The proposed control technique is implemented in a numerical model and the obtained results show the possibility to increase, in a significant way, the battery lifetime with positive effects also on the vehicle range.
Generation of a mutant form of protein synthesis initiation factor eIF-2 lacking the site of phosphorylation by eIF-2 kinases. (1988)

The phosphorylation of the alpha-subunit of initiation factor eIF-2 leads to an inhibition of protein synthesis in mammalian cells. We have performed site-directed mutagenesis on a cDNA encoding the alpha-subunit of human eIF-2 and have replaced the candidate sites of phosphorylation, Ser-48 and Ser-51, with alanines. The cDNAs were expressed in vitro by SP6 polymerase transcription and rabbit reticulocyte lysate translation, and the radiolabeled protein products were analyzed by high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The wild-type and Ser-48 mutant proteins became extensively phosphorylated by eIF-2 kinases present in the reticulocyte lysate, and when additional heme-controlled repressor or double-stranded RNA-activated kinase was present, phosphorylation of the proteins was enhanced. The Ser-51 mutant showed little covalent modification by the endogenous enzymes and showed no increase in the acidic variant with additional eIF-2 kinases, thereby suggesting that Ser-51 is the site of phosphorylation leading to repression of protein synthesis.