gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using 3D Laser Scanning Technology to Create Digital Models of Hailstones (2016)

Abstract The emergence of 3D scanning technologies has provided a new opportunity to explore the shape characteristics of hailstones in great detail. The ability to effectively map the shape of hailstones will improve assessments of hailstone aerodynamic properties, how their density relates to their strength, and how radar energy is scattered. Ultimately, 3D scanning of hailstones will contribute toward research in hail detection, forecasting, and damage mitigation of severe hail, which accounts for well over $1 billion in annual insured losses. The use of a handheld 3D laser scanner in a field setting was explored during field campaigns in 2015 and 2016. Hailstones were collected following thunderstorm passages and were measured, weighed, and scanned. The system was successful in capturing 3D models of more than 40 hailstones. A full scan takes approximately 3 minutes to complete, and data can be captured at a resolution of 0.008 cm. It is believed this is the first time such a system has been used to produce 3D digital hailstone models. Analysis of the model data has shown that hailstones depart from spherical shapes as they increase in diameter, and that bulk density and strength show little correlation. While the dataset presented here is small, the use of 3D scanners in the field is a practical method to obtain detailed datasets on hailstone characteristics. In addition, these data could be used to 3D-print hailstones to explore their aerodynamics, to produce cavity molds for ice impact tests, and for modeling radar scattering properties of natural hailstone shapes.
Data Loss Prevention Based on Data-Driven Usage Control (2012)

Inadvertent data disclosure by insiders is considered as one of the biggest threats for corporate information security. Data loss prevention systems typically try to cope with this problem by monitoring access to confidential data and preventing their leakage or improper handling. Current solutions in this area, however, often provide limited means to enforce more complex security policies that for instance specify temporal or cardinal constraints on the execution of events. This paper presents UC4Win, a data loss prevention solution for Microsoft Windows operating systems that is based on the concept of data-driven usage control to allow such a fine-grained policy-based protection. UC4Win is capable of detecting and controlling data-loss related events at the level of individual function calls. This is done with function call interposition techniques to intercept application calls to the Windows API in combination with methods to track the flows of confidential data through the system.
Detecting Privileged Side-Channel Attacks in Shielded Execution with Déjà Vu (2017)

Intel Software Guard Extension (SGX) protects the confidentiality and integrity of an unprivileged program running inside a secure enclave from a privileged attacker who has full control of the entire operating system (OS). Program execution inside this enclave is therefore referred to as shielded. Unfortunately, shielded execution does not protect programs from side-channel attacks by a privileged attacker. For instance, it has been shown that by changing page table entries of memory pages used by shielded execution, a malicious OS kernel could observe memory page accesses from the execution and hence infer a wide range of sensitive information about it. In fact, this page-fault side channel is only an instance of a category of side-channel attacks, here called privileged side-channel attacks, in which privileged attackers frequently preempt the shielded execution to obtain fine-grained side-channel observations. In this paper, we present Deja Vu, a software framework that enables a shielded execution to detect such privileged side-channel attacks. Specifically, we build into shielded execution the ability to check program execution time at the granularity of paths in its control-flow graph. To provide a trustworthy source of time measurement, Deja Vu implements a novel software reference clock that is protected by Intel Transactional Synchronization Extensions (TSX), a hardware implementation of transactional memory. Evaluations show that Deja Vu effectively detects side-channel attacks against shielded execution and against the reference clock itself.
Physiological and Molecular Basis of Thyroid Hormone Action (2001)

Thyroid hormones (THs) play critical roles in the differentiation, growth, metabolism, and physiological function of virtually all tissues. TH binds to receptors that are ligand-regulatable transcription factors belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Tremendous progress has been made recently in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie TH action. In this review, we present the major advances in our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of TH action and their implications for TH action in specific tissues, resistance to thyroid hormone syndrome, and genetically engineered mouse models.
Expression of targeting protein for xklp2 associated with both malignant transformation of respiratory epithelium and progression of squamous cell lung cancer. (2006)

Aberrant expression of TPX2 may play important role(s) in both malignant transformation of respiratory epithelium and progression of squamous cell lung cancer and could serve as a prognostic predictor for the disease.
Don't settle for eventual (2011)

Geo-replicated, distributed data stores that support complex online applications, such as social networks, must provide an "always-on" experience where operations always complete with low latency. Today's systems often sacrifice strong consistency to achieve these goals, exposing inconsistencies to their clients and necessitating complex application logic. In this paper, we identify and define a consistency model---causal consistency with convergent conflict handling, or causal+---that is the strongest achieved under these constraints.
Further demonstration of the diversity of chromosomal changes involving 2p23 in ALK-positive lymphoma: 2 cases expressing ALK kinase fused to CLTCL (clathrin chain polypeptide-like) (2000)

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive lymphomas are characterized by expression of a hybrid protein, comprising the cytoplasmic portion of the ALK tyrosine kinase fused to a partner protein. This hybrid kinase is often encoded by the nucleophosmin (NPM) NPM-ALK fusion gene resulting from the (2;5)(p23;q35) chromosomal translocation. However, the ALK gene at 2p23 may also be involved in 2 variant translocations, namely t(1;2)(q25;p23) and t(2;3)(p23;q21), which create the TPM3-ALK and TFG-ALK fusion genes, respectively. We report here 2 lymphomas with an unusual finely granular cytoplasmic ALK staining pattern, clearly different from the pattern observed in ALK-positive lymphomas carrying NPM-ALK or its variants. A cloned complementary DNA sequence from 1 of these 2 lymphomas contained the ALK gene fused to the second clathrin heavy chain gene (also referred to as clathrin heavy polypeptide-like gene) (CLTCL). The distinctive granular cytoplasmic staining pattern for ALK was likely to be due to binding of the fusion protein to clathrin-coated vesicles. The CLTCL gene is constitutively expressed in lymphoid cells and therefore presumably contributes an active promoter for the CLTCL-ALK gene. The fusion protein had a molecular weight (250 kd) that differs from all known ALK products, and it was autophosphorylated in an in vitro kinase assay, confirming that it is constitutively active and hence capable of contributing to malignant transformation. These 2 cases, therefore, represent a hitherto undescribed mechanism of ALK activation in lymphoma and further illustrate the diversity of fusion partners for the ALK gene.
MON: on-demand overlays for distributed system management (2005)

This paper presents the management overlay network (MON) system that we are building and running on the PlanetLab testbed. MON is a distributed system designed to facilitate the management of large distributed applications. Toward this goal, MON builds on-demand overlay structures that allow users to execute instant management commands, such as query the current status of the application, or push software updates to all the nodes. The on-demand approach enables MON to be light-weight, requiring minimum amount of resources when no commands are executed. It also frees MON from complex failure repair mechanisms, since no overlay structure is maintained for a prolonged time. MON is currently running on more than 300 nodes on the Planet-Lab. Our initial experiments on the PlanetLab show that MON has good performance, both in terms of command response time and achieved bandwidth for software push.
Modern Delivery Strategies: Physiological Considerations for Orally Administered Medications (2003)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The Targets Upper Gastrointestinal Tract: Mouth and Esophagus Swallowing the Bitter Pill ... Mid-gastrointestinal Tract: Stomach and Intestine Gastric Inhomogeneity Modulation of Transit to Prolong the Absorption Phase Ileocecal Movement Fat and the Small Intestine Absorption Enhancement Alteration of Flux across the Small Intestine Lower Gastrointestinal Tract: The Colon Colonic Transit Time of Dosing Colonic Water Pathophysiological Effects on Transit Pathophysiological Effects on Permeability pH Conclusions
Primary Structure of Neuromedin U from the Rat (1988)

The primary structure of neuromedin U from the rat ileum was established as: Tyr-Lys-Val-Asn-Glu5-Tyr-Gln-Gly-Pro-Val10-Ala-Pro-Ser-Gly-+ ++Gly15-Phe-Phe-Leu- Phe-Arg20-Pro-Arg-Asn.NH2. There was no evidence for microheterogeneity. This amino acid sequence contains two deletions and nine substitutions compared with the neuromedin U-25 from the pig. In particular, the replacement of the Arg16-Arg17 processing site in the porcine peptide by Gly14-Gly15 in the rat means that a peptide corresponding to neuromedin U-8 was not found in the rat intestine.
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF)-dependent, Pluripotent Stem Cells Established from Inner Cell Mass of Porcine Embryos (2011)

The pig is important for agriculture and as an animal model in human and veterinary medicine, yet despite over 20 years of effort, there has been a failure to generate pluripotent stem cells analogous to those derived from mouse embryos. Here we report the production of leukemia inhibitory factor-dependent, so-called naive type, pluripotent stem cells from the inner cell mass of porcine blastocysts by up-regulating expression of KLF4 and POU5F1. The alkaline phosphatase-positive colonies resulting from reprogramming resemble mouse embryonic stem cells in colony morphology, cell cycle interval, transcriptome profile, and expression of pluripotent markers, such as POU5F1, SOX2, and surface marker SSEA1. They are dependent on leukemia inhibitory factor signaling for maintenance of pluripotency, can be cultured over extended passage, and have the ability to form teratomas. These cells derived from the inner cell mass of pig blastocysts are clearly distinct from the FGF2-dependent “primed” induced pluripotent stem cells described recently from porcine mesenchymal cells. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the up-regulation of KLF4, as well as POU5F1, is required to create and stabilize the naive pluripotent state and may explain why the derivation of embryonic stem cells from pigs and other ungulates has proved so difficult.
Effect of Statin Therapy on Remnant Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Patients With Combined Hyperlipidemia (2001)

Clinical trials with statins have demonstrated significant reductions in cardiovascular events. Remnant lipoproteins are independent predictors of cardiovascular events. Because of the paucity of data on the effect of statins on remnant lipoproteins, we tested the effect of pravastatin, simvastatin, and atorvastatin on remnant lipoprotein cholesterol (RLP-C) levels in a randomized crossover study in patients with combined hyperlipidemia. After a 6-week diet phase, patients (n=22) were randomized to pravastatin (40 mg/d), simvastatin (20 mg/d), or atorvastatin (10 mg/d) for 6 weeks, with a 3-week washout between each drug. All 3 drugs significantly decreased total and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P<0.001). Mean reduction in LDL cholesterol with pravastatin, simvastatin, and atorvastatin was 21%, 29%, and 32%, respectively. None of the drugs affected high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Median levels of triglycerides were significantly reduced with simvastatin (26%, P=0.001) and atorvastatin (24%, P=0.0001) but not with pravastatin (9%, P=0.18). Non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased significantly with all 3 statins (20%, 29%, and 32% with pravastatin, simvastatin, and atorvastatin, respectively; P<0.001). Median RLP-C levels were significantly reduced with simvastatin (6%, P<0.05) and atorvastatin (25.9%, P<0.001) but not with pravastatin (2.9%, P=0.58). Thus, atorvastatin and simvastatin, in addition to reducing LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels, significantly reduced RLP-C levels. This could be another potential mechanism to explain their cardiovascular benefits.
Overview of BioCreative II gene normalization (2008)

Major advances for the BioCreative II gene normalization task include broader participation (20 versus 8 teams) and a pooled system performance comparable to human experts, at over 90% agreement. These results show promise as tools to link the literature with biological databases.
Mesenchymal stem cells induce dendritic cell immune tolerance via paracrine hepatocyte growth factor to alleviate acute lung injury (2019)

MSCs alleviate early ALI via paracrine HGF by inducing mDCs to differentiate into regulatory DCs. Furthermore, the mechanism of HGF-induced differentiation of mDCs into DCregs is related to the activation of the Akt pathway.
Postoperative Incomplete Reduction of the Sesamoids as a Risk Factor for Recurrence of Hallux Valgus (2009)

Postoperative incomplete reduction of the sesamoids can be a risk factor for the recurrence of hallux valgus. The identification of incomplete reduction of the sesamoids intraoperatively may allow modification of surgical procedures and improvement of the surgical results.
CALCULATIONS OF ENTANGLEMENT COUPLING SPACINGS IN LINEAR POLYMERS (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleCALCULATIONS OF ENTANGLEMENT COUPLING SPACINGS IN LINEAR POLYMERSHershel Markovitz, Thomas G Fox, and John D. FerryCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1962, 66, 8, 1567–1568Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100814a521https://doi.org/10.1021/j100814a521research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views101Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Blind separation of voice modulated single-side-band using the multi-target variable modulus algorithm (2002)

This paper introduces a blind algorithm for adaptive array processing, the multi-target variable modulus algorithm (MT-VMA), which can blindly separate multiple voice-modulated single-side-band (SSB) signals in the presence of strong co-channel interference. This algorithm does not require estimation of direction of arrival (DOA) or receiver calibration data to separate the signals-of-interest (SOIs). The paper presents simulations results demonstrating the use of the MT-VMA to blindly separate six overlapped SSB voice signals received by a six-element antenna array in the HF frequency band.
Transcription factors Sox8 and Sox10 perform non-equivalent roles during oligodendrocyte development despite functional redundancy (2004)

Development of myelin-forming oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system is dependent on at least two members of the Sox family of high-mobility-group-containing transcription factors. Sox9 is involved in oligodendrocyte specification, whereas Sox10 is required for terminal differentiation. We show that oligodendrocytes in the spinal cord additionally express the highly related Sox8. In Sox8-deficient mice, oligodendrocyte development proceeded normally until birth. However, terminal differentiation of oligodendrocytes was transiently delayed at early postnatal times. Sox8-deficient mice thus exhibited a similar, but less severe phenotype than did Sox10-deficient mice. Terminal oligodendrocyte differentiation was dramatically delayed in Sox8-deficient mice with only a single functional Sox10 allele hinting at redundancy between both Sox proteins. This redundancy was also evident from the fact that Sox8 bound to naturally occurring Sox10 response elements, was able to form DNA-dependent heterodimers with Sox10 and activated Sox10-specific oligodendrocytic target genes in a manner similar to Sox10. However, Sox8 expression levels were significantly lower than those for Sox10. Resulting differences in protein amounts might be a main reason for the weaker impact of Sox8 on oligodendrocyte development and for unidirectional compensation of the Sox8 loss by Sox10.
Mosaic structure in epitaxial thin films having large lattice mismatch (1997)

Epitaxial films having a large lattice mismatch with their substrate invariably form a mosaic structure of slightly misoriented sub-grains. The mosaic structure is usually characterized by its x-ray rocking curve on a surface normal reflection but this is limited to the out-of-plane component unless off-axis or transmission experiments are performed. A method is presented by which the in-plane component of the mosaic misorientation can be determined from the rocking curves of substrate normal and off-axis reflections. Results are presented for two crystallographically distinct heteroepitaxial systems, ZnO, AlN, and GaN (wurtzite crystal structure) on c-plane sapphire and MgO (rock salt crystal structure) on (001) GaAs. The differences in the mosaic structure of these films are attributed to the crystallographic nature of their lattice dislocations.
Michael Addition of Imidazole to α, β -Unsaturated Carbonyl/Cyano Compound (2018)

Introduction: Aza-Michael addition is an important reaction for carbon-nitrogen bond formation in synthetic organic chemistry. Expalantion: Conjugate addition of imidazole to α,β -unsaturated carbonyl/cyano compounds provides significant numbers of the biologically and synthetically interesting products, such as β -amino acids and β -lactams, which have attracted great attention for their use as key intermediates of anticancer agents, antibiotics and other drugs. Conclusion: This review addresses most significant method for the synthesis of N-substituted imidazole derivatives following Michael addition reaction of imidazole to α,β -unsaturated carbonyl/cyano compounds using ionic liquid/base/acid/enzyme as catalysts from year 2007-2017.
In vitro characterization of binding and stability of single-chain Fv Ni-NTA-liposomes (2006)

Recently, we presented a new method for the generation of single-chain Fv (scFv) immunoliposomes, which circumvents the necessity to introduce additional reactive groups in the protein. This method is based on immobilizing scFv fragments via their C-terminal hexahistidyl-tag on liposomes containing nickel-complexed dioleoyl-glycero-succinyl-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA-DOGS) as an anchor lipid within the lipid bilayer. Here, we have extended this approach to various other scFv fragments and further demonstrate strong and selective binding of these liposomes to target cells in vitro. In order to evaluate suitability for in vivo applications, we investigated the influence of human plasma on stability and binding behaviour of scFv Ni-NTA-liposomes in vitro using scFv A5 directed against human endoglin (CD105) as a model antibody. We could show that the binding activity to target cells is rapidly lost in the presence of human plasma. Incorporation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains into the lipid bilayer did not protect against loss of binding capability. Further studies showed that loss of binding is mainly due to displacement of Ni-NTA-bound scFv fragments caused by plasma proteins. In conclusion, the system allows for a rapid and flexible generation of target cell specific immunoliposomes for in vitro applications but lacks stability for in vivo applications.
Membrane folding to achieve three-dimensional nanostructures: Nanopatterned silicon nitride folded with stressed chromium hinges (2006)

Silicon nitride membranes were nanopatterned and then folded into three-dimensional (3D) configurations. The out-of-plane folding was achieved using stressed metal hinges. The concept of folding nanopatterned membranes into 3D shapes is referred to as nanostructured origami because of the similarity to the Japanese paper-art of origami, in which two-dimensional surfaces are folded into volumetric shapes. The stressed metal hinges were modeled analytically and compared to experiment. Experimental results demonstrated controllable folding of nanopatterned silicon nitride membranes.
Intratumoral Dendritic Cell Vaccination Elicits Potent Tumoricidal Immunity Against Malignant Glioma in Rats (2003)

Dendritic cells (DC) are attractive candidates for innovative cancer immunotherapy by virtue of their ability to function as powerful antigen presenting cells and elicit potent antitumor cytotoxic immune responses. With the aim of generating antitumor immunity, the authors sought to enhance in vivo tumor antigen presentation by using an intratumoral DC vaccination strategy in the setting of partially irradiated intracranial brain tumors. Fisher rats, implanted with 9L gliomas in the right corpus striatum, were treated with freshly cultured, unpulsed syngeneic DC inoculated directly into the tumor bed. Intracranially inoculated DCs were found to drain to ipsilateral deep cervical lymph nodes. This was associated with increased local and systemic antitumor cytoxicity, as evidenced by robust infiltration of treated tumors with CD4 and CD8 T cells as well as by increased IFN-gamma protein and message levels in in vitro restimulated splenic lymphocytes. DC therapy resulted in prolonged survival and immunity to subsequent intracranial tumor re-challenge. These results demonstrate the viability of intratumoral DC vaccination as an effective therapeutic strategy for intracranial glioma.