gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective hypometabolism in the inferior frontal lobe in depressed patients with Parkinson's disease (1990)

Depression is a frequent finding in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Regional cerebral glucose metabolism was measured in depressed and nondepressed patients with PD and in age-comparable normal control subjects using 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose and positron emission tomography (PET). Relative metabolic activity in the caudate and orbital-inferior region of the frontal lobe was significantly lower in the depressed patients with PD as compared to both nondepressed patients and control subjects. There was a significant inverse correlation between relative glucose metabolism in the orbital-inferior area of the frontal lobe and depression scores. This study suggests that depression in PD is associated with dysfunction in the caudate and orbital-inferior area of the frontal lobe. This metabolic pattern is unlike that seen in patients with PD who have other behavioral deficits such as dementia, and suggests that disruption of basal ganglia circuits involving the inferior region of the frontal lobe may affect the regulation of mood.
Liquid‐phase‐based separation systems for depletion, prefractionation and enrichment of proteins in biological fluids for in‐depth proteomics analysis (2008)

This review article is concerned with (i) proteomic sample preparation including among other things the depletion of high-abundance proteins and the concentration of low-abundance proteins and (ii) their subsequent prefractionation for further analysis. Subjects (i) and (ii) are essentials for in-depth proteomic analysis by multidimensional liquid-phase separation techniques (e.g. multidimensional electrophoresis and LC in various formats) followed by mass spectrometric identification and bioinformatic. More than 90 papers published in the period covering early 2000 to the present have been reviewed. It should be noted that this review article is by no means exhaustive, and the aim was to rather provide a concise description of the latest developments in the field.
Pyrogens (1956)

Pyrogens, which may contaminate improperly prepared drugs and cause fever on injection, are formed by certain microorganisms as they grow. These febrile agents are among the most physiologically active substances known, as even sub-microgram quantities can cause pronounced fever and blood and adrenal changes as well as other effects. The isolation and chemistry of purified pyrogens, the methods used in their prevention, removal, and destruction, and physical, chemical, and biologic test methods are reviewed. An extensive bibliography on biologic and clinical studies is included.
Correlation between conformation and antibody binding: NMR structure of cross‐reactive peptides from T. cruzi, human and L. braziliensis (2004)

The structure of peptides corresponding to the C-terminal residues from Trypanosoma cruzi (R13), human (H13) and Leishmania braziliensis (A13) ribosomal proteins were determined using nuclear magnetic resonance. Although there is only one amino acid difference between them, the peptides present distinct structures in solution: R13 adopts a random coil conformation while H13 and A13 form a bend. Interaction of these peptides with polyclonal antibodies from chronic Chagas' disease patients and a monoclonal antibody raised against T. cruzi ribosomal P2beta protein was probed by transferred NOE. The results show that the flexibility of R13 is fundamental for the binding to the antibody.
Endogenous apolipoprotein E suppresses LPS-stimulated microglial nitric oxide production (1998)

The human apolipoprotein (apo) E4 isoform is associated with an increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and poor prognosis after acute CNS injury. Addition of human apoE inhibits murine microglial activation in culture, suggesting that microglia might be an important physiological target of apoE. In the present study, we examined the role of endogenous murine apoE in modulating microglial nitric oxide (NO) production following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Brain cultures from apoE-deficient mouse pups showed enhanced NO production relative to cultures from wild-type mice and from transgenic mice expressing the human apoE3 isoform, demonstrating that endogenous apoE produced by glial cultures is capable of inhibiting microglial function. ApoE produced within the brain may suppress microglial reactivity and thus alter the CNS response to acute and chronic injury.
DAC-free Generation of M-QAM Signals with InP Segmented Mach-Zehnder Modulators (2017)

The concept of DAC-less generation of multi-level optical signals is discussed together with its latest InP-based results. A flexible transmitter sub-assembly enabling 32 GBd M-QAM operation up to 256-QAM is shown.
Sensitization of Slow Pressor Angiotensin II (Ang II)–Initiated Hypertension (2012)

Sensitization involving the central nervous system has been studied in many conditions but has received little attention in investigation of the pathogenesis of hypertension. Our experiments were initiated to determine whether angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertension can be sensitized by prior Ang II treatment and the role of the brain renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in this process. To demonstrate Ang II-induced sensitization, we used an experimental design of induction-delay-expression. Male rats were implanted for telemetered blood pressure (BP) recording. During induction (I), low doses of subcutaneous or intracerebroventricular Ang II were delivered for 1 week, and then the rats were rested for 1 week (delay [D]) to ensure that any exogenous Ang II was metabolized. After this, a second higher dose of Ang II was given subcutaneously for 2 weeks (expression [E]). During I and D, the low doses of Ang II had no sustained effects on BP. However, during E, the Ang II-induced BP increase was greater in the groups that had received low doses of Ang II during I in comparison to the group receiving saline during I. Central angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonist delivery blocked this sensitization. Brain tissue collected at the end of D and E showed increased mRNA expression of several RAAS components in key forebrain regions of sensitized rats. Fos-related antigen-like immunoreactivity was also increased at the end of E in the sensitized forebrain. These results indicate that subpressor doses of Ang II act on the brain to sensitize the hypertensive response to subsequent Ang II and that sensitization is associated with altered expression of RAAS components in forebrain cardiovascular control structures.
Geo-Location Database Techniques for Incumbent Protection in the TV White Space (2008)

The opening of the television bands in the United States presents an exciting opportunity for secondary spectrum utilization. Protecting licensed broadcast television viewers from harmful interference due to secondary spectrum usage is critical to the successful deployment of TV white space devices. A wide variety of secondary system operating scenarios must be considered in any potential interference analysis, as described below. Several different types of licensed television transmitters currently exist in the TV bands, along with secondary licensed services, such as wireless microphones. All licensed services must be adequately protected from harmful interference, which can readily and reliably be achieved with the described geo-location database methods. Specific implementation details of geo-location databases are discussed, including several complexity reduction techniques. Geo-location database techniques are also shown to more efficiently utilize available spectrum than other spectrum access techniques.
Aziridine‐2,3‐dicarboxylic Acid Derivatives as Inhibitors of Papain (1996)

Abstract Aziridine‐2,3‐dicarboxylates and N ‐acylated derivatives have been evaluated as potential irreversible inhibitors of the cysteine proteinase papain. Dependence of inhibition activity on stereo‐chemistry of the aziridine moiety has been analyzed. Whereas unsubstituted ( R , R )‐ and ( S , S )‐ diethyl aziridine‐2,3‐dicarboxylates ( 5 ) and ( 2 ) show no significant difference in inactivation the derivative acylated with BOC‐( S )‐Phe (BOC‐( S )‐Phe‐( S , S )‐Azi) ( 10 ) shows a 6 fold higher activity than the diastereomer BOC‐( S )‐Phe‐( R , R )‐Azi ( 11 ). Analogs acylated with Z‐ or BOC‐( S )‐Ala ( 9, 8 ) have lower second‐order rate constants, indicating binding of the amino acid moiety of the inhibitors to the S2 subsite of the enzyme.
The prediction of aquatic sediment‐associated trace element concentrations using selected geochemical factors (1989)

Abstract Multiple linear regression models calculated from readily obtainable chemical and physical parameters can explain a high percentage (70 per cent or greater) of observed sediment‐trace element variance for Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Ni, Co, As, Sb, Se, and Hg in a widely divergent suite of 61 sediment samples. The independent variables used in the models may be single parameters, principal component scores, or principal component scores combined with their cross‐products. The most useful type of variable must be determined on a case‐by‐case basis. The independent variables (geochemical parameters) incorporated in the models calculated during this study probably are applicable to many aquatic sediments; albeit, use of a larger data set (&gt;61) could alter the magnitude of the calculated coefficients. The geochemical parameters included in the models were of a physical (e.g. grain size, surface area) and a chemical (e.g. organic matter, amorphous iron oxides) nature. Comparison between actual and predicted trace element concentrations obtained from the models may provide a means of defining ‘average’ sediment‐trace element concentrations. In this context, the models may also help identify either naturally or anthropogenically impacted sites for additional study.
An Aptamer-Based Quartz Crystal Protein Biosensor (2002)

We developed a quartz crystal biosensor designed to detect concentrations and ligand affinity parameters of free unlabeled proteins in real time. Using a model system with human IgE as the analyte and single-stranded DNA aptamers or an anti-IgE antibody as immobilized ligands, we could demonstrate that aptamers were equivalent to antibodies in terms of specificity and sensitivity. Both receptor types selectively detected 0.5 nmol/L of IgE. In addition, the aptamer receptors tolerated repeated affine layer regeneration after ligand binding and recycling of the biosensor with little loss of sensitivity. Because of the small size and nonprotein nature of the aptamers, they were immobilized in a dense, well-oriented manner, thus extending the linear detection range to 10-fold higher concentrations of IgE. In addition to demonstrating for the first time that an aptamer-based biosensor can specifically and quantitatively detect an analyte in various complex protein mixes, the aptamer-ligand proved to be relatively heat resistant and stable over several weeks. Since aptamers consist of nucleic acids, well-established chemistry can be applied to produce optimized affine layers on biosensors that may be developed to specifically detect proteins in solution for analysis of proteomes.
Thermal Expansion of Amorphous Polymers at Atmospheric Pressure. I. Experimental (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermal Expansion of Amorphous Polymers at Atmospheric Pressure. I. ExperimentalPhillip S. Wilson and Robert SimhaCite this: Macromolecules 1973, 6, 6, 902–908Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60036a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60036a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views231Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Three‐dimensional tissue cytometer based on high‐speed multiphoton microscopy (2007)

Image cytometry technology has been extended to 3D based on high-speed multiphoton microscopy. This technique allows in situ study of tissue specimens preserving important cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. The imaging system was based on high-speed multiphoton microscopy (HSMPM) for 3D deep tissue imaging with minimal photodamage. Using appropriate fluorescent labels and a specimen translation stage, we could quantify cellular and biochemical states of tissues in a high throughput manner. This approach could assay tissue structures with subcellular resolution down to a few hundred micrometers deep. Its throughput could be quantified by the rate of volume imaging: 1.45 mm(3)/h with high resolution. For a tissue containing tightly packed, stratified cellular layers, this rate corresponded to sampling about 200 cells/s. We characterized the performance of 3D tissue cytometer by quantifying rare cell populations in 2D and 3D specimens in vitro. The measured population ratios, which were obtained by image analysis, agreed well with the expected ratios down to the ratio of 1/10(5). This technology was also applied to the detection of rare skin structures based on endogenous fluorophores. Sebaceous glands and a cell cluster at the base of a hair follicle were identified. Finally, the 3D tissue cytometer was applied to detect rare cells that had undergone homologous mitotic recombination in a novel transgenic mouse model, where recombination events could result in the expression of enhanced yellow fluorescent protein in the cells. 3D tissue cytometry based on HSMPM demonstrated its screening capability with high sensitivity and showed the possibility of studying cellular and biochemical states in tissues in situ. This technique will significantly expand the scope of cytometric studies to the biomedical problems where spatial and chemical relationships between cells and their tissue environments are important.
Kinetics of Formation and Dissolution of Weak Polyelectrolyte Multilayers:  Role of Salt and Free Polyions (2002)

The layer-by-layer deposition method to prepare multilayers of polyelectrolytes of alternating charge has been followed in situ by means of optical reflectometry experiments. It turns out that in solutions containing both polyelectrolyte and appropriate salts up to a certain concentration, the regular build up of multilayers is modified and becomes an adsorption/redissolution process. We explain this by taking into account (i) that during the regular multilayer formation process the macromolecules cannot equilibrate, (ii) that the added salt plasticizes the multilayer to a state where the molecules are sufficiently mobile to enable them to equilibrate between the layer and the surrounding solution, and (iii) that the presence of excess polyelectrolyte brings the system to a one-phase region of the polyelectrolyte complex phase diagram, implying that polyelectrolyte complexes must dissolve under these conditions.
Structural and functional determinants in adenovirus type 2 penton base recombinant protein (1997)

Discrete domains involved in structural and functional properties of adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) penton base were investigated with site-directed mutagenesis of the recombinant protein expressed in baculovirus-infected cells. Seventeen substitution mutants were generated and phenotyped for various functions in insect and human cells as follows. (i) Pentamerization of the penton base protein was found to be dependent on three amino acid side chains, the indole ring of Trp119, the hydroxylic group of Tyr553, and the basic group of Lys556. (ii) Arg254, Cys432, and Trp439, the stretch of basic residues at positions 547 to 556, and Arg340 of the RGD motif played a critical role in stable fiber-penton base interactions in vivo. (iii) Nuclear localization of penton base in Sf9 cells was negatively affected in mutants W119H or W165H, and, to a lesser extent, by substitutions in the consensus polybasic signal at positions 547 to 549. (iv) Penton base mutants were also assayed for HeLa cell binding, cell detachment, plasmid DNA internalization, and Ad-mediated gene delivery. The results obtained suggested that the previously identified integrin-binding motifs RGD340 and LDV287 were functionally and/or topologically related to other discrete regions which include Trp119, Trp165, Cys246, Cys432, and Trp439, all of which were involved in penton base-cell surface recognition, endocytosis, and postendocytotic steps of the virus life cycle.
Wavelet-Radon domain dealiasing and interpolation of seismic data (2007)

Abstract Spatial aliasing is unavoidable in some seismic data and has serious effects on the performance of multichannel data processing and migration. Antialias filtering produces distortion of the signal through the removal of high-frequency information. In contrast, dealiasing produces an unaliased estimate of the signal at all frequencies present in the original time series. A new dealiasing algorithm is developed by exploiting the properties of seismic wavefields in the wavelet-Radon transform domain, specifically the overlap of information between wavelet scales at the same frequency. The effectiveness of the wavelet-Radon dealiasing algorithm is demonstrated through the processing of both synthetic and field seismic data.
Low FOXA1 expression predicts good response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy resulting in good outcomes for luminal HER2-negative breast cancer cases (2014)

Our present study showed low FOXA1 expression to be associated with a good response to NAC in luminal HER2-negative breast cancer. Improved outcomes of these patients suggest that NAC should be recommended to patients with low FOXA1 tumours.
Muscarinic Receptors and Control of Airway Smooth Muscle (1998)

Contraction of airway smooth muscle is mediated by M3 muscarinic receptors on the airway smooth muscle. However, there is no evidence suggesting that hyperresponsiveness results from any alterations in function of these M3 muscarinic receptors. In contrast, there is clearly increased release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in animal models of hyperactivity and in asthma. Release of acetylcholine is controlled by inhibitory M2 muscarinic receptors, and it appears that it is these M2 receptors that are dysfunctional in animal models of hyperresponsiveness. Allergen-induced M2 receptor dysfunction is absolutely dependent upon an influx of eosinophils into the airways. Activated eosinophils release major basic protein, which binds to M2 receptors and prevents binding of acetylcholine. Thus, the normal negative feedback control of acetylcholine release is lost, and acetylcholine release is increased. In conclusion, loss of function of inhibitory M2 muscarinic receptors on the airway parasympathetic nerves causes vagally mediated bronchoconstriction and hyperresponsiveness following antigen challenge.
Unique acid catalysis of heteropoly compounds (heteropolyoxometalates) in the solid state (2001)

Fundamental and superior characteristics of heteropoly compounds (heteropolyoxometalates) in the solid state that make them suitable for catalyst design at the atomic/molecular levels are described, together with important principles required for the understanding and design of solid heteropoly catalysts. First, the molecular nature of heteropolyanions (metal oxide clusters), which can be preserved in the solid state, enables control of the acid and redox properties over a wide range. Second, the presence of hierarchical structures (primary, secondary and tertiary structures) can lead to three catalysis modes—surface-type, pseudoliquid (or bulk-type I) and bulk-type II. Precise control of pore size is possible through the understanding of the microstructure, which results in unique shape selectivity observed for various reactions. Heteropoly compounds are green catalysts functioning in a variety of reaction fields and efficient bifunctional catalysts when combined with other components. The elucidation of catalytic processes is also possible at the atomic/molecular level due to their molecular nature. The positions and dynamic nature of protons as well as organic reaction intermediates in the pseudo-liquid phase can be clarified by spectroscopic techniques. Various reactions promoted by solid heteropoly catalysts are collected from recent publications to illustrate the usefulness of the above ideas and of heteropoly catalysts themselves.
A Yeast Glycoprotein Shows High-Affinity Binding to the Broadly Neutralizing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Antibody 2G12 and Inhibits gp120 Interactions with 2G12 and DC-SIGN (2009)

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope (Env) protein contains numerous N-linked carbohydrates that shield conserved peptide epitopes and promote trans infection by dendritic cells via binding to cell surface lectins. The potent and broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody 2G12 binds a cluster of high-mannose-type oligosaccharides on the gp120 subunit of Env, revealing a conserved and highly exposed epitope on the glycan shield. To find an effective antigen for eliciting 2G12-like antibodies, we searched for endogenous yeast proteins that could bind to 2G12 in a panel of Saccharomyces cerevisiae glycosylation knockouts and discovered one protein that bound weakly in a Delta pmr1 strain deficient in hyperglycosylation. 2G12 binding to this protein, identified as Pst1, was enhanced by adding the Delta mnn1 deletion to the Delta pmr1 background, ensuring the exposure of terminal alpha1,2-linked mannose residues on the D1 and D3 arms of high-mannose glycans. However, optimum 2G12 antigenicity was found when Pst1, a heavily N-glycosylated protein, was expressed with homogenous Man(8)GlcNAc(2) structures in Delta och1 Delta mnn1 Delta mnn4 yeast. Surface plasmon resonance analysis of this form of Pst1 showed high affinity for 2G12, which translated into Pst1 efficiently inhibiting gp120 interactions with 2G12 and DC-SIGN and blocking 2G12-mediated neutralization of HIV-1 pseudoviruses. The high affinity of the yeast glycoprotein Pst1 for 2G12 highlights its potential as a novel antigen to induce 2G12-like antibodies.