gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Review Critical advances in septicemia and septic shock (2000)

Recent advances suggest that toll-like receptors, various cytokines, cicosanoids, free radicals and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) play an important role in the pathobiology of septicemia and septic shock. Anti-MIF antibodies can decrease the plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), lower bacterial circulating counts and enhance survival of animals with septicemia and septic shock. Monocyte expression of MHC-class II antigens, neutrophil expression of the integrin CD11b/CD18 and neutrophil activation can be related to the development of, and/or recovery from, post-operative sepsis. Thus, biological variations in the response of an individual to a given stimulus, appears to determine his/her ability or inability to develop and also recover from sepsis and septic shock. This suggests that it may be possible to predict the development of septicemia and septic shock in a given individual and take appropriate action both to prevent and treat them adequately.
High photovoltage multiple-heterojunction organic solar cells incorporating interfacial metallic nanoclusters (2002)

We demonstrate high open circuit voltage (Voc) organic photovoltaic (PV) cells that incorporate two, three, or five stacked, thin heterojunctions (HJs) consisting of Cu-phthalocyanine as a donor, and 3,4,9,10 perylenetetracarboxylic bis-benzimidazole as an acceptor. Ultrathin (∼5 Å average thickness) layers of Ag clusters are placed between each HJ to serve as recombination centers for unpaired charges that are photogenerated in the device’s interior. High power conversion efficiencies with high Voc have been demonstrated in cells containing up to five optically active HJs and four interstitial metallic recombination regions. The power conversion efficiencies of the two and three HJ cells under one sun, AM 1.5 illumination are ηp=2.5±0.1% and ηp 2.3±0.1%, with Voc=0.93±0.05 and 1.20±0.05 V, respectively. These values of ηp are more than twice that of a comparable single-junction cell based on the same materials, where ηp=1.1±0.1%.
Research and Development Prototype for Machine Augmentation of Human Strength and Endurance. Hardiman I Project (1971)

Abstract : The implementation of the Hardiman powered exoskeleton concept was carried to the point where a prototype unit, consisting of 30 hydraulically powered, servo-controlled joints were fabricated and mechanically assembled. One of the arm assemblies was previously operated and has met basic design objectives under test. The Leg and Girdle System was also completed and has gone through partial testing of its twelve servo-controlled joints.
Protein splicing elements: inteins and exteins — a definition of terms and recommended nomenclature (1994)

Journal Article Protein splicing elements: inteins and exteins — a definition of terms and recommended nomenclature Get access Francine B. Perler, Francine B. Perler * *To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Elaine O. Davis, Elaine O. Davis 1National Institute for Medical ResearchMill Hill, London, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gary E. Dean, Gary E. Dean 2University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnati, OH 45267-0524 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Frederick S. Gimble, Frederick S. Gimble 3Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A & M UniversityHouston, TX 77030-3303 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William E. Jack, William E. Jack Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Norma Neff, Norma Neff 4Sloan-Kettering, Molecular Biology ProgramNew York, NY 10021 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Christopher J. Noren, Christopher J. Noren Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jeremy Thorner, Jeremy Thorner 5University of CaliforniaBerkeley, CA 94720 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Marlene Belfort Marlene Belfort 6Wadsworth Center for Laboratories and Research, NY State Department of HealthAlbany, NY 12201-0509, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 22, Issue 7, 11 April 1994, Pages 1125–1127, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/22.7.1125 Published: 11 April 1994 Article history Received: 24 November 1993 Revision received: 28 February 1994 Accepted: 28 February 1994 Published: 11 April 1994
Solvent Processable Tetraalkylammonium-Functionalized Polyethylene for Use as an Alkaline Anion Exchange Membrane (2010)

We report the synthesis of a solvent processable, tetraalkylammonium-functionalized polyethylene for use as an alkaline anion exchange membrane (AAEM). The membranes are insoluble in both pure water and aqueous methanol (50 vol % water) at 50 °C but exhibit excellent solubility in a variety of other aqueous alcohols (e.g., 5 wt % AAEM in aqueous n-propanol, 50 vol % water). These solubility characteristics extend the potential utility of this system for use as both an AAEM and ionomer electrode material from a single polymer composition. The AAEMs generated are mechanically strong and exhibit high hydroxide and carbonate conductivities.
Detection of MecA Gene in Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus by Multiplex-PCR, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of MRSA (2003)

Multiplex-PCR protocols were designed in order to make a rapid identification of MRSA. MecA, femB, and 16S rRNA genes were amplified for making a detection of MRSA. The incidence of MRSA in the clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus was examined by using a multiplex-PCR assay. The mecA gene was detected in 266 strains out of 336 clinical isolates of S. aureus, thus the incidence of MRSA was approximately 76.5%. The MRSAs of 247 strains (96.1%) showed resistance to more than eight species of the antimicrobial agents tested. The isolates of MRSA showed 27 different antimicrobial-resistant patterns. The results indicate that many different MRSA strains having high multidrug resistance are actually prevalent in Korea. Also, VISA was screened from the MRSA. Two strains were grown on the BHI agar plate supplemented with 8 μg/ml of vancomycin at a frequency of 1/10 8 colony forming units or higher.
Advanced Hemostatic Dressing Development Program: Animal Model Selection Criteria and Results of a Study of Nine Hemostatic Dressings in a Model of Severe Large Venous Hemorrhage and Hepatic Injury in Swine (2003)

The hemorrhage model allowed differentiation among topical hemostatic agents for severe hemorrhage. The American Red Cross hemostatic dressing was effective and warrants further development.
Learning to Communicate with Deep Multi−Agent Reinforcement Learning (2016)

We consider the problem of multiple agents sensing and acting in environments with the goal of maximising their shared utility. In these environments, agents must learn communication protocols in order to share information that is needed to solve the tasks. By embracing deep neural networks, we are able to demonstrate end-to-end learning of protocols in complex environments inspired by communication riddles and multi-agent computer vision problems with partial observability. We propose two approaches for learning in these domains: Reinforced Inter-Agent Learning (RIAL) and Differentiable Inter-Agent Learning (DIAL). The former uses deep Q-learning, while the latter exploits the fact that, during learning, agents can backpropagate error derivatives through (noisy) communication channels. Hence, this approach uses centralised learning but decentralised execution. Our experiments introduce new environments for studying the learning of communication protocols and present a set of engineering innovations that are essential for success in these domains.
Ability of Minor Elevations of Troponins I and T to Predict Benefit From an Early Invasive Strategy in Patients With Unstable Angina and Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction<SUBTITLE>Results From a Randomized Trial</SUBTITLE> (2001)

In patients with clinically documented acute coronary syndrome who are treated with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, even small elevations in cTnI and cTnT identify high-risk patients who derive a large clinical benefit from an early invasive strategy.
Compact all-fibre wavelength drop and insert filter (1994)

A compact all-fibre design, comprising two identical Bragg gratings written on to the arms of a fused fibre Mach-Zehnder interferometer, has been used to produce a low-loss wavelength drop and insert filter for wavelength division multiplexing/demultiplexing applications in optical fibre communication systems. A prototype device has been produced which can multiplex/demultiplex a signal centred on 1558.7 nm with any other wavelength in the 1550 nm transmission window with a maximum insertion loss of 1.0 dB.
p53 mutations increase resistance to ionizing radiation. (1993)

Mouse and human tumors of diverse origin frequently have somatically acquired mutations or rearrangements of the p53 gene, or they have lost one or both copies of the gene. Although wild-type p53 protein is believed to function as a tumor-suppressor gene, it is as yet unclear how p53 mutations lead to neoplastic development. Wild-type p53 has been postulated to play a role in DNA repair, suggesting that expression of mutant forms of p53 might alter cellular resistance to the DNA damage caused by gamma radiation. Moreover, p53 is thought to function as a cell cycle checkpoint after irradiation, also suggesting that mutant p53 might change the cellular proliferative response to radiation. We have used transgenic mice expressing one of two mutant alleles of p53 to test this prediction. Our results show that expression of both mutant variants of the mouse p53 gene significantly increases the cellular resistance of a variety of hematopoietic cell lineages to gamma radiation. These observations provide direct evidence that p53 mutations affect the cellular response to DNA damage, either by increasing DNA repair processes or, possibly, by increasing cellular tolerance to DNA damage. The association of p53 mutations with increased radioresistance suggests possible mechanisms through which alterations in the p53 gene might lead to oncogenic transformation.
Rat growth hormone gene introns stimulate nucleosome alignment in vitro and in transgenic mice. (1995)

Average hepatic expression (mRNA per cell per gene) of a metallothionein-rat growth hormone (rGH) gene with its natural introns was about 15-fold higher than an intronless version when tested in transgenic mice. We examined the idea that intron removal leads to an alteration in chromatin structure that might be responsible for this effect. Using an in vitro chromatin assembly system, we observed that nucleosomes were aligned in a characteristic ordered array over the gene and promoter when all introns were present. Linker histones were necessary for this alignment to occur. In contrast, nucleosome alignment was perturbed in constructs lacking some or all of the introns. A similar disruption of nucleosome alignment was observed when comparing chromatin from livers of transgenic mice carrying rGH transgenes with or without introns. In vitro, sequences at the 3' end of the rGH gene position nucleosomes and facilitate nucleosome alignment upstream; however, nucleosome alignment does not occur on the approximately 3 kb of downstream flanking rat sequence. These observations suggest that signals present in genomic rGH DNA may serve to establish appropriate nucleosome alignment during development and, possibly, to restore nucleosome alignment to the transcribed region after disruption incurred by the passage of an RNA polymerase molecule, thereby facilitating subsequent rounds of transcription.
Transplantation of autologous adipose-derived stem cells ameliorates cardiac function in rabbits with myocardial infarction (2007)

ADSCs transplanted into the myocardial scar tissue formed cardiac islands and vessel-like structures, induced angiogenesis and improved cardiac function. 5-Azacytidine pretreatment before implantation is desirable for augmenting myogenesis. Transplantation of 5-azacytidine-treated ADSCs into the myocardial scar was more efficient than that of untreated ADSCs in preservation of cardiac function.
Interactions between Plasma Membrane Aquaporins Modulate Their Water Channel Activity (2003)

Plant plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) cluster in two evolutionary subgroups, PIP1 and PIP2, with different aquaporin activities when expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Maize ZmPIP1;1 and ZmPIP1;2 do not increase the osmotic water permeability coefficient (Pf), whereas ZmPIP2;1, ZmPIP2;4, and ZmPIP2;5 do. Here, we show that coexpression of the nonfunctional ZmPIP1;2 and the functional ZmPIP2;1, ZmPIP2;4, or ZmPIP2;5 resulted in an increase in Pf that was dependent on the amount of injected ZmPIP1;2 complementary RNA. Confocal analysis of oocytes expressing ZmPIP1;2-green fluorescent protein (GFP) alone or ZmPIP1;2-GFP plus ZmPIP2;5 showed that the amount of ZmPIP1;2-GFP present in the plasma membrane was significantly greater in coexpressing cells. Nickel affinity chromatography purification of ZmPIP2;1 fused to a His tag coeluted with ZmPIP1;2-GFP demonstrated physical interaction and heteromerization of both isoforms. Interestingly, coexpression of ZmPIP1;1 and ZmPIP2;5 did not result in a greater increase in Pf than did the expression of ZmPIP2;5 alone, but coexpression of the ZmPIP1;1 and ZmPIP1;2 isoforms induced a Pf increase, indicating that PIP1 isoform heteromerization is required for both of them to act as functional water channels. Mutational analysis demonstrated the important role of the C-terminal part of loop E in PIP interaction and water channel activity induction. This study has revealed a new mechanism of plant aquaporin regulation that might be important in plant water relations.
On the secretory activity of single varicosities in the sympathetic nerves innervating the rat tail artery. (1989)

1. Nerve terminal impulses (NTIs) and spontaneous or stimulus-evoked excitatory junction currents (SEJCs or EJCs), reflecting secretion of transmitter quanta from release sites in the sympathetic nerves of rat tail artery, were recorded by extracellular electrodes. 2. The release of transmitter quanta from single varicosities was analysed on a pulse-by-pulse basis. 3. Since the SEJCs were tetrodotoxin-resistant, and hence probably caused by single quanta, they were employed to analyse the quantal content of EJCs. 4. In the majority of recordings, EJCs were large compared to SEJCs from the same attachment, and preceded by prominent NTIs. This type of activity appeared to reflect simultaneous activation of several nerve fibres and numerous varicosities. 5. By focal stimulation, it was usually possible to improve the resolution by examining spots in which a large proportion of the suprathreshold stimuli failed to cause EJCs. Here, averaged NTIs preceding large EJCs were indistinguishable from averaged NTIs not followed by EJCs. Thus, failure of invasion by the nerve impulse was not a cause of the frequent secretory failure. 6. In these attachments the amplitude distribution of nerve stimulus-evoked EJCs was similar to that of the SEJCs and many individual EJCs could be matched in amplitude and time course by SEJCs. Thus, transmitter secretion from these sympathetic nerve varicosities seems to be basically monoquantal. 7. Under conditions when all EJCs were smaller than or equal to the largest SEJCs some characteristic EJC profiles appeared only a few times in response to several hundred suprathreshold stimuli at low frequency (0.5-1 Hz). Using tentatively these EJCs as 'fingerprints' of single quanta from particular release sites, the probability for activation of individual release sites ranges from 0.002 to 0.02.
투자개발형 플랜트사업의 PP 업무절차서 표준 모델 개발에 관한 연구 (2016)

본 연구에서는 플랜트 사업의 4가지 유형(단순도급형, EPC 금융주선형, 사업주 금융주선형, 투자개발형) 중 사업 규모가 가장 크고, 최근 발주 트랜드로 각광을 받고 있는 수의계약 형태의 투자개발형 사업에 대한 PP(Project Process) 업무절차서 표준 모델을 처음으로 개발하여 제시하였다. 그 개발 절차는 ① 투자개발형 사업을 직접 수행하여...
Molecular cloning, characterization, and expression of a cDNA encoding the "80- to 87-kDa" myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate: a major cellular substrate for protein kinase C. (1989)

We isolated and sequenced a cDNA clone encoding the bovine "80- to 87-kDa" protein, a major cellular substrate for protein kinase C. An open reading frame of 1005 base pairs predicted a protein of 335 amino acids (Mr, 31,949). Despite this predicted size, the protein migrated on SDS/polyacrylamide gels with an apparent molecular weight of 80-87,000 after expression of the cDNA in cells lacking the protein. It was highly enriched in alanine (28.4 mol %), contained an amino-terminal myristoylation consensus sequence, and included a 25-residue basic domain containing the known protein kinase C phosphorylation sites. Two mRNA species (2.6 and 4.4 kilobases) were most highly expressed in brain, spinal cord, spleen, and lung, in parallel with the distribution of immuno-reactive protein. Genomic blot analysis indicated the likelihood of a single gene coding for this mRNA. We propose the name myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) for this protein.
The Effect of Occlusal Discrepancies on Periodontitis. I. Relationship of Initial Occlusal Discrepancies to Initial Clinical Parameters (2001)

This study indicates that there is a strong association between initial occlusal discrepancies and various clinical parameters indicative of periodontal disease. Based on adjustments made for other known risk factors for periodontal disease, such as smoking, poor oral hygiene, etc., this study provides some evidence that occlusal discrepancy is an independent risk factor contributing to periodontal disease.
Glare points (1991)

Glare points are the intensity maxima seen when a water drop illuminated by a wide beam is viewed from a certain direction and imaged. We show that good resolution in both the scattering angle and the glare point position can be achieved only if the size parameter x = 2pia/lambda is >>1 and that the positions of the glare points can be computed by a Fourier transform from the familiar Lorenz-Mie scattering function. Sample computations made with x = 10,000 and x = 20,000 are presented. Glare points corresponding to rays that have suffered as many as 15 internal reflections can be identified, in agreement with experimental findings.
Pathogenesis of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection in Gnotobiotic Pigs (1995)

The pathogenesis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was determined in gnotobiotic pigs by studying the sequential development of microscopic lesions and sites of virus distribution and replication. Thirty-two pigs (three pigs/infected group and one pig/control group) were inoculated by nasal instillation of either PRRSV isolate ATCC VR-2332 (total dose 10(2.6) TCID50) or uninfected cell culture supernatant. Infected and control pigs were euthanized at 12 hours, and 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21 days postexposure (PE). Gnotobiotic pigs experimentally infected with PRRSV were viremic by 12 hours PE and subsequently developed pneumonia, lymphadenopathy, vasculitis, myocarditis and encephalitis. Lung lesions developed by day 3 PE, persisted through day 21 PE and were characterized by alveolar septa thickened by macrophages, alveolar proteinaceous and karyorrhectic debris, alveolar syncytial cells, and multifocal type II pneumocyte hypertrophy. Lymph node lesions varied in distribution and severity and were characterized by germinal center hypertrophy and hyperplasia, lymphocyte necrosis, multiple cystic spaces, and polykaryocytes within the cystic spaces. Heart lesions were a late feature of infection and all infected pigs had heart lesions on day 21 PE characterized by subendocardial, myocardial, and perivascular foci of lymphocytes. Vasculitis also varied in distribution and severity and affected all sizes of vessels. Results of this experiment indicate that PRRSV is a multisystem disease characterized initially by viremia with subsequent virus distribution and replication in multiple organs causing interstitial pneumonia, vasculitis, lymphadenopathy, myocarditis, and encephalitis.
Energy-efficient asynchronous delay element with wide controllability (2010)

This paper proposes an energy-efficient asynchronous tunable delay element architecture, appropriate for low-to high-speed digital applications. The delay is made controllable via control currents. The presented delay cell improves upon the efficient thyristor-like-based circuits in prior art by reusing the charge supplied on one edge of the input during the next edge of the input. Over 50% energy reduction is achieved.
Chiral and steric effects in the efficient binding of -anomeric deoxyoligonucleoside N-alkylphosphoramidates to ssDNA and RNA (1999)

We report hybridization properties of new phosphate-modified alpha-oligonucleoside analogs with non-ionic or cationic internucleotide linkages such as methoxy-ethylphosphoramidate (PNHME), phosphoromorpholi-date (PMOR) and dimethylaminopropylphosphor-amidate (PNHDMAP). First we evaluated the chirality effect of the phosphorus atom on the affinity of alpha- or beta-dodecanucleoside phosphodiesters containing one chirally enriched N -alkylphosphoramidate linkage located in the middle of the sequence d(TCTT-AA*CCCACA). As for P-substituted beta-oligonucleo-tides, a difference in binding behavior between the two diastereoisomers (difference in Delta T (m)) exists in the hybridization properties of alpha-analogs when DNA was the target but this effect was not detrimental to duplex stability. This effect was considerably reduced when RNA was the target. Secondly we studied the effect of steric hindrance around phosphorus on the affinity of fully modified beta- and alpha-oligonucleoside N -alkylphosphoramidates for their DNA and RNA targets. This effect was very weak with alpha-analogs whereas it was more pronounced with beta-oligos. PNHME-modified alpha-oligonucleosides formed more stable duplexes with DNA (Delta T (m)+9.6 degrees C) and RNA (Delta T (m)+1.4 degrees C) targets than the 'parent' phosphodiester. Finally, base pairing specificity of these alpha-oligonucleo-side N -alkylphosphoramidates for their targets was found to be as high as for natural oligonucleoside phosphodiesters.
Fast and memory-efficient regular expression matching for deep packet inspection (2006)

Packet content scanning at high speed has become extremely important due to its applications in network security, network monitoring, HTTP load balancing, etc. In content scanning, the packet payload is compared against a set of patterns specified as regular expressions. In this paper, we first show that memory requirements using traditional methods are prohibitively high for many patterns used in packet scanning applications. We then propose regular expression rewrite techniques that can effectively reduce memory usage. Further, we develop a grouping scheme that can strategically compile a set of regular expressions into several engines, resulting in remarkable improvement of regular expression matching speed without much increase in memory usage. We implement a new DFA-based packet scanner using the above techniques. Our experimental results using real-world traffic and patterns show that our implementation achieves a factor of 12 to 42 performance improvement over a commonly used DFA-based scanner. Compared to the state-of-art NFA-based implementation, our DFA-based packet scanner achieves 50 to 700 times speedup.
난화상호이야기법을 활용한 부모 갈등으로 인한 틱장애 아동의 치료 사례 (2005)

난화상호이야기법이 부부 갈등으로 인한 틱장애 아동의 틱반응과 짜증행동에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 한 사례 연구이다. 본 사례 연구의 대상은 틱장애로 진단을 받은 초등학교 2학년 여아로, 빈도법을 사용하여 매회기마다 틱반응 횟수를 측정하였으며, 짜증행동은 부모 관찰 보고를 통해 측정하였다. 난화상호이야기법이 아동의 틱반응과 짜증행동에 미친 영향은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 난화상호이야기법의 실시가 아동의 틱반응 소거에 긍정적 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 난화상호이야기법의 실시가 아동의 짜증행동의 감소에 긍정적 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구의 난화상호이야기법은 틱장애 아동의 틱반응과 짜증행동에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.