gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low Complexity Real-time Video Encoding for Soft Set-Top Box Platforms (2000)

This paper presents a very low-complexity wavelet-based video codec, the Wavelet ZCodec (WZD), implemented in real-time on a programmable media chip, the Media Accelerated Processor (MAP-1000). The WZD algorithm is carefully designed to require only adds and shifts. Temporal wavelet transforms are used in place of motion estimation and compensation. With block processing and intermediate coding, WZD is 15 to 20 times less complex than MPEG2. An entire encoder requires only 50K gates and 128KB of memory and can be implemented for a couple of dollars as a chip macro. Experimental results have shown that it achieves similar performance to MPEG2 for typical bitrates and content.
The Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy (AIRE) Study (1991)

The rationale, design, organization, and outcome definitions of the Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy (AIRE) Study are described prospectively. A total of 2,000 patients (1,000 per treatment group) will be recruited to this multicenter, multinational, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study investigating the effect of oral treatment with ramipril (2.5 or 5 mg twice daily) on the total mortality of survivors of an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with early clinical evidence of heart failure. Secondary outcomes of the study include progression to severe/resistant heart failure (at which time the patient will be withdrawn from the study treatment), reinfarction, and stroke. Treatment will be initiated in hospital between day 3 and day 10 following AMI, and follow-up continued for an average of 15 months and a minimum of 6 months. The study data will be analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis: a single formal interim analysis will be conducted after 175 deaths. An Independent Adjudicating Panel will act as the overall ethical supervisory body for the study and will retain the randomization code. An International Steering Committee will be responsible for the clinical definitions of the secondary study outcomes, and will regularly review progress of the study. We believe that early treatment with ramipril may reduce the total mortality of patients surviving an AMI with clinical evidence of heart failure.
Structure and expression of a pea nuclear gene encoding a chlorophyll a/b-binding polypeptide (1984)

A nuclear gene AB80 has been isolated from a phage lambda Charon 4 library of pea DNA. The sequence of the gene has been determined and it has been shown to contain an uninterrupted reading frame of 269 amino acids, corresponding to a precursor to a constituent polypeptide of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complex. Primer extension and S1 nuclease studies defined a cap site for AB80. The first methionine codon 3' from this site is 69 nucleotides away and is the initiating codon of the open reading frame. A "TATA" sequence occurs 31 nucleotides 5' from the cap site. A second TATA sequence is found 7 nucleotides on the 5' side of the initiating methionine codon and the sequences surrounding this TATA sequence are strikingly similar to those surrounding the first TATA sequence. The mature polypeptide encoded by AB80 differs by 5 amino acids from the polypeptide corresponding to a previously characterized cDNA sequence pAB96. This result is indicative of heterogeneity within the constituent polypeptides of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complex. The sequence Arg-Lys-Ser-Ala-Thr-Thr-Lys-Lys occurs at, or near, the NH(2)-terminus of the mature polypeptide encoded by AB80. This basic peptide is of interest because of its apparent involvement in changes in excitation-energy distribution in chloroplast membranes. Some general similarities, but no extensive sequence homology, is found on comparing the transit sequence for the precursor to the chlorophyll a/b-binding polypeptide with the transit sequences previously determined for the precursors to the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase.
SpyTag/SpyCatcher Cyclization Confers Resilience to Boiling on a Mesophilic Enzyme (2014)

SpyTag is a peptide that spontaneously forms an amide bond with its protein partner SpyCatcher. SpyTag was fused at the N terminus of β-lactamase and SpyCatcher at the C terminus so that the partners could react to lock together the termini of the enzyme. The wild-type enzyme aggregates above 37 °C, with irreversible loss of activity. Cyclized β-lactamase was soluble even after heating at 100 °C; after cooling, the catalytic activity was restored. SpyTag/SpyCatcher cyclization led to a much larger increase in stability than that achieved through point mutation or alternative approaches to cyclization. Cyclized dihydrofolate reductase was similarly resilient. Analyzing unfolding through calorimetry indicated that cyclization did not increase the unfolding temperature but rather facilitated refolding after thermal stress. SpyTag/SpyCatcher sandwiching represents a simple and efficient route to enzyme cyclization, with potential to greatly enhance the robustness of biocatalysts.
Latent Fluorophores Based on a Self-Immolative Linker Strategy and Suitable for Protease Sensing (2008)

The self-immolative spacer para-aminobenzyl alcohol (PABA) was used as a key component in the design of new protease-sensitive fluorogenic probes whose parent phenol-based fluorophore is released through an enzyme-initiated domino reaction. First, the conjugation of the phenylacetyl moiety to 7-hydroxycoumarin (umbelliferone) and 7-hydroxy-9 H-(9,9-dimethylacridin-2-one) (DAO) by means of the heterobifunctional PABA linker has led to pro-fluorophores 6a and 6d whose enzyme activation by penicillin amidase was demonstrated. The second part of this study was devoted to the extension of this latent fluorophore strategy to the caspase-3 protease, a key mediator of apoptosis in mammalian cells. Fluorogenic caspase-3 substrates 11 and 13 derived from umbelliferone and DAO, respectively, were prepared. It was demonstrated that pro-fluorophore 11 is a sensitive fluorimetric reagent for the detection of this cysteine protease. Furthermore, in vitro assays with fluorogenic probe 13 showed a deleterious effect of biological thiols on fluorescence of the released acridinone fluorophore DAO that, to our knowledge, had not been reported until now.
Precision-cut intestinal slices: alternative model for drug transport, metabolism, and toxicology research (2015)

PCIS are a simple, fast, and reliable ex vivo model for drug ADME-tox research. Therefore, PCIS are expected to become an indispensable link in the in vitro-ex vivo-in vivo extrapolation, and a bridge in translation of animal data to the human situation. In the future, this model may be helpful to study the effects of interorgan interactions, intestinal bacteria, excipients and drug formulations on the ADME-tox properties of drugs. The optimization of culture medium and the development of a (cryo)preservation technique require more research.
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DETECTION OF RIBONUCLEOTIDE REDUCTASE IN HUMAN BREAST-TUMORS (1995)

Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) consists of two non-identical subunits, R1 and R2 and is one of the key enzymes involved in DNA biosynthesis. RNR activity is considerably higher in malignant tumors than in normal tissues in the rat suggesting that RNR may play an important role in the pathogenesis of human tumors. In order to obtain immunological reagents to study the localization and level of expression of RNR in various human tissues, a synthetic peptide containing sequences corresponding to the COOH-terminal region of the human R2 subunit was used to generate rat monoclonal antibodies. The generated rat monoclonal antibodies (IgG) inhibited RNR enzymatic activity purified from murine P388 leukemia cells. These antibodies were used to immunohistochemically examine the distribution of RNR in a small panel of 8 malignant and 4 benign human breast tumors. Positive immunostaining for RNR was observed in the cytoplasm of human breast carcinoma cells in which a specific 44 kDa specific band of R2 subunit was also detected by Western blot analysis. The immunostaining was blocked by preabsorption of the antibody with an excess amount of the synthetic peptide immunogen. In 8 of 8 breast carcinomas, positive immunostaining for the R2 subunit was observed whereas noninvolved, adjacent breast tissue showed no staining with this antibody. In addition, few of the benign breast lesions exhibited staining with this antibody. These data indicate that these antibodies can immunohistochemically detect RNR in frozen or formalin-fixed, paraffin- embedded tissues and that there is a differential expression of RNR between breast tumors and non-involved breast tissue. Immunohistochemical detection of RNR using these antibodies may therefore be useful for the diagnosis of human breast tumors.
Peripheral distribution of dermatan sulfate proteoglycans (decorin) in amyloid-containing plaques and their presence in neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer's disease. (1992)

We used a polyclonal antibody and a mixture of three monoclonal antibodies (MAb), all recognizing the protein core of the small dermatan sulfate proteoglycan (DSPG) (known as PG-II or decorin) derived from human skin fibroblasts, to immunolocalize this molecule in the characteristic lesions in Alzheimer's brain. All antibodies demonstrated positive decorin immunostaining in both the amyloid deposits of neuritic plaques (NPs) and the filamentous structures within neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Unlike heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), which tend to be evenly distributed throughout NPs containing amyloid fibrils, decorin was primarily localized to the periphery of the spherically shaped amyloid plaques and to the edges of amyloid fibril bundles within the plaque periphery. Decorin was also immunolocalized to the paired helical and straight filaments within NFTs and to collagen fibrils surrounding blood vessels. The unusual distribution of decorin confined to the periphery of amyloid plaques in AD brain suggests that this particular PG may play an important role in the development of the amyloid plaque.
<title>Deformable mirror development at Stanford University</title> (2002)

High power lasers often suffer from phase aberrations due to spatially non-uniform temperature distributions in optical elements. Adaptive optics has been established to provide engineering control over phase aberrations, but it has been mostly applied to astronomy and has been too costly to use in commercial lasers. The goal of our research has been to develop low-cost adaptive optics systems and components for laser aberration compensation. We present here a summary of our adaptive optics work and our vision of the future of adaptive optics.
Sialic Acids -- Essentials of Glycobiology (2009)

Strain H7 presented efficient capacities for simultaneous NH<sub>4</sub> <sup>+</sup>-N, NO<sub>3</sub> <sup>-</sup>-N, or NO<sub>2</sub> <sup>-</sup>-N removal with As(III) oxidation during aerobic cultivation. Strikingly, the bacterial ability to remove nitrogen and oxidize As(III) has remained high across a wide range of pH values, and shaking speeds, exceeding that of the most commonly reported HNAD bacteria. Additionally, the previous HNAD strains exhibited a high denitrification efficiency, but a suboptimal concentration of nitrogen remained in the wastewater. Here, strain H7 combined with FeCl3 efficiently removed 96.14% of NH<sub>4</sub> <sup>+</sup>-N, 99.08% of NO<sub>3</sub> <sup>-</sup>-N, and 94.68% of total nitrogen (TN), and it oxidized 100% of As(III), even at a low nitrogen concentration (35 mg/L). The residues in the wastewater still met the V of Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard of China after five continuous wastewater treatment cycles. Furthermore, genome and proteomic analyses led us to propose that the shortcut nitrification-denitrification pathway and As(III) oxidase AioBA are the key pathways that participate in simultaneous nitrogen removal and As(III) oxidation.
New approaches to modify glomerular inflammation. (1999)

Glomerulonephritis remains the leading cause of end-stage renal failure and treatments for these conditions remain non-specific and with significant side effects. The cellular and molecular basis of acute and chronic inflammation is increasingly understood and the work in a number of animal models of nephritis demonstrates the potential of specific molecular interventions. These include preventing the migration of inflammatory cells by inhibiting the effects of chemokines or blocking endothelial/leucocyte adhesion interactions. Within damaged tissue it is possible to decrease the activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) by using their natural antagonists, namely interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) and soluble TNF receptors. In addition the behaviour of macrophages can be altered by the effects of anti-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-13 (IL-13), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). By deactivating the inflammatory response of macrophages these cytokines can favour resolution of disease. The ability to use these approaches in clinical practice remains elusive, however the prospect of using gene transfer technology to deliver anti-inflammatory factors directly to the site of inflammation and our increasing understanding of the complexity of the control of inflammation bring such therapies closer.
Biosynthese von 6‐Methylsalicylsäure (1970)

An extract was prepared from Penicillium patulum grown in submerged culture, which converted acetyl‐CoA and malonyl‐CoA into 6‐methylsalicylic acid in the presence of NADPH. The enzyme was very labile in the crude extract, but appeared stable after acetone precipitation. A 100‐fold purification was achieved by ammonium sulfate fractionation, sedimentation in the ultracentrifuge, and sucrose‐density gradient centrifugation. The enzyme was a single particle with a molecular weight of 1.1–1.5 × 10 6 as determined by gradient centrifugation with catalase and fatty acid synthetase as standards. In the first steps of purification, fatty acid synthetase from Penicillium patulum migrated with the methylsalicylic acid synthetase complex. A separation of the two enzyme systems was accomplished by sucrose‐density gradient centrifugation. The purified enzyme represents a new multienzyme complex which shares several common properties with fatty acid synthetase. Methylsalicylic acid synthetase is inhibited by iodoacetamide and N ‐ethylmaleinimide. The incubation of enzyme with acetyl‐CoA and malonyl‐CoA in the absence of NADPH led to triacetic acid lacton. This indicates that in 6‐methylsalicylic acid synthesis reduction occurs at the triacetic acid level before the final condensation with malonyl‐CoA. Triacetic acid lacton was produced by the enzyme at 10% of the rate of 6‐methylsalicylic acid synthesis in the complete system. This rate of lacton synthesis, however, is an order of magnitude greater than that catalysed by fatty acid synthetase. A possible explanation for this difference in behavior is given. Covalent linkage of substrates and intermediates to SH‐groups of the protein during the synthesis of 6‐methylsalicyslic acid is suggested. A reaction scheme leading to 6‐methylsalicylic acid is proposed and the partial reactions of this synthesis are discussed with respect to similar reactions of fatty acid biosynthesis.
Factors associated with injection omission/non‐adherence in the Global Attitudes of Patients and Physicians in Insulin Therapy study (2012)

The results of this large-scale study suggest that insulin omission/non-adherence is common and associated with several modifiable risk factors (including practical barriers, injection difficulties, lifestyle burden and regimen inflexibility). Additional efforts to address these risk factors might reduce the frequency of insulin omission/non-adherence and lead to improved clinical outcomes.
NEW LEASE ON LIFE FOR PLANT SITES (2001)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTNEW LEASE ON LIFE FOR PLANT SITESBig European complexes find opportunity, not despair, following loss of major tenantsPATRICIA L. SHORTView Author Information C&EN LONDONCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2001, 79, 38, 17–21Publication Date (Print):September 17, 2001Publication History Published online16 November 2010Published inissue 17 September 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v079n038.p017https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v079n038.p017newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views10Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Manufacturing Get e-Alerts
Genomic and expression profiling identifies the B‐cell associated tyrosine kinase Syk as a possible therapeutic target in mantle cell lymphoma (2005)

Among B-cell lymphomas mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) has the worst prognosis. By using a combination of genomic and expression profiling (Affymetrix GeneChip Mapping 10k Xba131 and U133 set), we analysed 26 MCL samples to identify genes relevant to MCL pathogenesis and that could represent new therapeutic targets. Recurrent genomic deletions and gains were detected. Genes were identified as overexpressed in regions of DNA gain on 3q, 6p, 8q, 9q, 16p and 18q, including the cancer genes BCL2 and MYC. Among the transcripts with high correlation between DNA and RNA, we identified SYK, a tyrosine kinase involved in B-cell receptor signalling. SYK was amplified at DNA level, as validated by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) analysis, and overexpressed at both RNA and protein levels in the JeKo-1 cell line. Low-level amplification, with protein overexpression of Syk was demonstrated by FISH in a small subset of clinical samples. After treatment with low doses of the Syk inhibitor piceatannol, cell proliferation arrest and apoptosis were induced in the cell line overexpressing Syk, while cells expressing low levels of Syk were much less sensitive. A combination of genomic and expression profiling suggested Syk inhibition as a new therapeutic strategy to be explored in lymphomas.
Array-based architecture for FET-based, nanoscale electronics (2003)

Advances in our basic scientific understanding at the molecular and atomic level place us on the verge of engineering designer structures with key features at the single nanometer scale. This offers us the opportunity to design computing systems at what may be the ultimate limits on device size. At this scale, we are faced with new challenges and a new cost structure which motivates different computing architectures than we found efficient and appropriate in conventional very large scale integration (VLSI). We sketch a basic architecture for nanoscale electronics based on carbon nanotubes, silicon nanowires, and nano-scale FETs. This architecture can provide universal logic functionality with all logic and signal restoration operating at the nanoscale. The key properties of this architecture are its minimalism, defect tolerance, and compatibility with emerging bottom-up nanoscale fabrication techniques. The architecture further supports micro-to-nanoscale interfacing for communication with conventional integrated circuits and bootstrap loading.
Spectroscopic differences between human cancer and normal lung and breast tissues (1989)

Steady-state spectra, time-resolved spectroscopic, and excitation spectra from human cancer and normal tissues have been measured. Spectroscopic differences between normal and cancerous tissues have been found that could be used as a basis for an instrument for the early detection of cancer.
Corn Growth Following Cover Crops: Influence of Cereal Cultivar, Cereal Removal, and Nitrogen Rate (1993)

Abstract Rye ( Secale cereale L.) cover crops often delay development and reduce yield of corn ( Zea mays L.). A 3‐yr study (1982‐1984) conducted to investigate the influence of four rye cultivars and one wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar, rate of N application in the spring, and removal of above‐ground cereal phytomass on growth and development of corn. Experiments were carried out at the Elora Research Station, Ontario, in a split‐plot design, with two N levels (145 and 220 kg ha ‐1 ) and five cereal cultivars as main plots, and cereal phytomass removal or retention as sub‐plots. Cereal cultivars were planted in September after corn harvest and corn was planted in the spring. Corn leaf number and height were monitored during early corn development and whole‐plant dry matter and moisture of corn were measured in September. The response of corn dry matter accumulation to cereal cover crop cultivar, N rate, and above‐ground cereal phytomass varied among the 3 yr the study was conducted. Cereal phytomass was largest in 1983 and the impact of the cereal cover crop on corn growth and development was largest during this year. In contrast, the impact of cereal cultivar on corn was not associated with phytomass production among the five cereal cultivars. The effects of cereal cultivar cover crop on corn growth and development were largest for the rye cu|tivar Kodiak and the wheat cultivar Gordon, but these cultivars ranked third and fifth, respectively, in above‐ground phytomass production in the spring. Increased N application could partially overcome the reduction in corn growth and development due to the cereal cultivars Kodiak and Gordon, but this was not the case for the other cereal cultivars. Removal of above‐ground cereal phytomass before corn planting generally did not influence the delay in development and reduction in yield of the subsequent corn crop. In conclusion, the reduction in corn dry matter accumulation in response to cereal cover crops is a complex phenomenon, involving quantity of cereal residue, cereal cultivar and, occasionally, N application.
Model driven security: unification of authorization models for fine-grain access control (2004)

The research vision of the Unified Component Meta Model Framework (Uniframe) is to develop infrastructure for components that enables a plug and play component environment where the security contracts are a part of the component description and the security aware middleware is generated by the component integration toolkits. That is, the component providers will define security contracts in addition to the functional contracts. These security contracts will be used to analyze the ability of a service to meet the security constraints when used in a composition of components. A difficulty in progressing the security related aspects of this infrastructure is the lack of a unified access control model that can be leveraged to identify protected resources and access control points at the model level. Existing component technologies utilize various mechanisms for specifying security constraints. This paper will explore issues related to expressing access control requirements of components and the resources they manage. It proposes a platform independent model (PIM) for the access control that can be leveraged to parameterize domain models. It also outlines the analysis necessary to progress a standard transformation from this PIM to three existing platform specific models (PSMs).