gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Halogenated platinum porphyrins as sensing materials for luminescence-based oxygen sensors (1993)

Luminescent platinum porphyrins with halogen substituents on the meso-aryl and pyrrole rings Pt(TDCPP), Pt(TFMPP) and Pt(Br8TMP)[TDCPP =meso-tetra(2,6-dichlorophenyl)porphyrin, TFMPP =meso-tetra(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)porphyrin, Br8TMP =meso-tetramesityl-β-octabromoporphyrin] were immobilized inside silicone rubber films and tested as sensors for optical measurement of oxygen concentrations in the gas phase. The presence of halogenated substituents was found to increase the photostability of the metalloporphyrins. On the other hand, heavy halogen atoms such as bromine cause a decrease in the quantum yield and lifetime. The films have a moderately fast response towards changes in oxygen concentration and are immune to common gaseous interferents such as chlorine, sulfur dioxide and halothane at concentrations well above those normally encountered.
A 1.9-GHz GaAs chip set for the personal handyphone system (1995)

The Japanese Personal Handyphone System (PHS) is representative of the latest generation of digital portable communications systems currently being deployed. Enabling technologies for these systems include high performance Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC) chip sets. These chip sets allow all the RF transceiver functions to be included in low cost surface mount plastic packages. With the addition of filters and bypassing capacitors, the RF portion of the phone shares the same printed circuit board (PCB) as the DSP, CODEC, and logic ICs. The availability of such highly integrated 1.9-GHz RFICs requires the solution of many complex design, manufacturing, and test problems. This paper explains the critical issues relating to the air interface of the PHS system and how it affects the RFIC design. The chip partition, design, and performance of each subfunction is discussed relative to the requirements imposed by the air interface. The result is a highly integrated, cost effective solution that occupies the minimum board area.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Can Directly Protect the Heart Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury (2005)

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), a gut incretin hormone that stimulates insulin secretion, also activates antiapoptotic signaling pathways such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase in pancreatic and insulinoma cells. Since these kinases have been shown to protect against myocardial injury, we hypothesized that GLP-1 could directly protect the heart against such injury via these prosurvival signaling pathways. Both isolated perfused rat heart and whole animal models of ischemia/reperfusion were used, with infarct size measured as the end point of injury. In both studies, GLP-1 added before ischemia demonstrated a significant reduction in infarction compared with the valine pyrrolidide (an inhibitor of its breakdown) or saline groups. This protection was abolished in the in vitro hearts by the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin (9-39), the cAMP inhibitor Rp-cAMP, the PI3kinase inhibitor LY294002, and the p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor UO126. Western blot analysis demonstrated the phosphorylation of the proapoptotic peptide BAD in the GLP-1-treated groups. We show for the first time that GLP-1 protects against myocardial infarction in the isolated and intact rat heart. This protection appears to involve activating multiple prosurvival kinases. This finding may represent a new therapeutic potential for this class of drug currently undergoing clinical trials in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
β-Adrenergic Receptor Blockade in Chronic Heart Failure (2000)

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New Goals for the U.S. Human Genome Project: 1998-2003 (1998)

The Human Genome Project has successfully completed all the major goals in its current 5-year plan, covering the period 1993-98. A new plan, for 1998-2003, is presented, in which human DNA sequencing will be the major emphasis. An ambitious schedule has been set to complete the full sequence by the end of 2003, 2 years ahead of previous projections. In the course of completing the sequence, a "working draft" of the human sequence will be produced by the end of 2001. The plan also includes goals for sequencing technology development; for studying human genome sequence variation; for developing technology for functional genomics; for completing the sequence of Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster and starting the mouse genome; for studying the ethical, legal, and social implications of genome research; for bioinformatics and computational studies; and for training of genome scientists.
Tetramethylfluoroformamidinium Hexafluorophosphate: A Rapid-Acting Peptide Coupling Reagent for Solution and Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTetramethylfluoroformamidinium Hexafluorophosphate: A Rapid-Acting Peptide Coupling Reagent for Solution and Solid Phase Peptide SynthesisLouis A. Carpino and Ayman El-FahamCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 19, 5401–5402Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00124a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00124a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5100Altmetric-Citations231LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Bootstrap Methods for Standard Errors, Confidence Intervals, and Other Measures of Statistical Accuracy (1986)

This is a review of bootstrap methods, concentrating on basic ideas and applications rather than theoretical considerations. It begins with an exposition of the bootstrap estimate of standard error for one-sample situations. Several examples, some involving quite complicated statistical procedures, are given. The bootstrap is then extended to other measures of statistical accuracy such as bias and prediction error, and to complicated data structures such as time series, censored data, and regression models. Several more examples are presented illustrating these ideas. The last third of the paper deals mainly with bootstrap confidence intervals.
Congenital abnormalities in the offspring of pregnant women with type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes mellitus: A population‐based case‐control study (2010)

To estimate the risk of structural birth defects (i.e. congenital abnormalities [CA]) in the offspring of pregnant women with type 1 (DM-1), type 2 (DM-2) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to check the efficacy of recent specific care of diabetic pregnant women in the reduction of DM-related CA. Comparison was made of the occurrence of medically recorded types of diabetes mellitus in pregnant women who had malformed fetuses/newborns (cases) and who delivered healthy babies (controls) in the population-based Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance System of Congenital Abnormalities, 1980-1996. In the case group, which included 22 843 offspring, there were 79 (0.35%) pregnant women with DM-1, 77 (0.34%) pregnant women with DM-2 and 120 (0.53%) pregnant women with GDM. The control group comprised 38 151 newborns, and 88 (0.23%), 141 (0.37%) and 229 (0.60%) pregnant women with DM-1, DM-2 and GDM, respectively. The total rate of cases with CA was higher only in the DM-1 group (adjusted OR with 95% CI: 1.5, 1.1-2.0) and within four specific types/groups: isolated renal a/dysgenesis, obstructive CA of the urinary tract, cardiovascular CA and multiple CA; namely, caudal dysplasia sequence. The risk of total CA was lower in the present study compared to the risk in previous studies and the DM-1-related spectrum of CA was also different. There was no higher risk of total CA in the offspring of pregnant women with DM-2 and GDM. The certain part of maternal teratogenic effect of DM-1 is preventable with appropriate periconceptional and prenatal care of diabetic women.
Long Chain Enoyl Coenzyme A Hydratase from Pig Heart (1974)

Abstract A long chain enoyl-CoA hydratase, which in addition to crotonase is present in pig heart muscle, has been isolated and partially purified. This enzyme appears to be located in the mitochondria and is tighter membrane-bound than crotonase. It catalyzes the hydration of medium and long chain trans-Δ2,3-enoyl-CoA substrates to their corresponding l-3-hydroxy derivatives but it is nearly inactive toward crotonyl-CoA. The highest Vmax was observed with Δ2,3-octenoyl-CoA, while longer chain substrates gave progressively decreasing values. However, the same Km value of 24 µm was obtained for all even numbered Δ2,3-enoic acid derivatives containing 8 to 14 carbons. The pH optimum of this enzyme was found to be 8.5. Inhibition studies showed that this hydratase, in contrast to bovine liver crotonase, is not significantly inhibited by acetoacetyl-CoA but is strongly inhibited by long chain enoylCoA substrates. This inhibition can be at least partially prevented by the presence of bovine serum albumin. The enzyme is also inhibited by sulfhydryl inhibitors, as, for example, p-chloromercuribenzoate or N-methylmaleimide, which at concentrations of 1 mm inhibited the enzyme to the extent of 100% and 69%, respectively.
Overexpression of p53 in hepatocellular carcinomas: A clinicopathological and prognostic correlation (1995)

Overexpression of the p53 tumour suppressor gene is one of the most common abnormalities in primary human cancers and appears to be a result of point mutation within a highly conserved region of the gene with subsequent encoding for a mutant, more stable protein. In the study, 71 surgically resected hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) were examined to study the expression of the p53 gene, its relation with clinicopathological parameters and its prognostic significance. Using immunohistochemical detection for mutant p53 protein with monoclonal antibody PAb1801, p53 overexpression was found in 22 tumours (31%) but in none of the non-tumorous liver specimens. Overexpression of p53 was more frequent in tumours with poor cellular differentiation (P = 0.01), in tumours > 5 cm in diameter (P = 0.05), and in those with giant cells present (P = 0.03) and, less significantly, of massive type of Eggel's classification (P = 0.06). It did not have any significant correlation with hepatitis B or C status, background liver disease or serum alpha-fetoprotein levels, nor was it related to tumour invasiveness (venous permeation, direct liver invasion and tumour microsatellite formation). In addition, the presence of p53 mutant protein did not influence tumour recurrence or patients' survival rates. The data suggested that p53 mutation in HCC was associated with a later stage of oncogenesis. However, it was not apparently related to tumour invasiveness/aggressiveness and prognosis.
Discovery of Tetrahydroisoquinoline-Containing CXCR4 Antagonists with Improved in Vitro ADMET Properties (2018)

CXCR4 is a seven-transmembrane receptor expressed by hematopoietic stem cells and progeny, as well as by ≥48 different cancers types. CXCL12, the only chemokine ligand of CXCR4, is secreted within the tumor microenvironment, providing sanctuary for CXCR4<sup>+</sup> tumor cells from immune surveillance and chemotherapeutic elimination by (1) stimulating prosurvival signaling and (2) recruiting CXCR4<sup>+</sup> immunosuppressive leukocytes. Additionally, distant CXCL12-rich niches attract and support CXCR4<sup>+</sup> metastatic growths. Accordingly, CXCR4 antagonists can potentially obstruct CXCR4-mediated prosurvival signaling, recondition the CXCR4<sup>+</sup> leukocyte infiltrate from immunosuppressive to immunoreactive, and inhibit CXCR4<sup>+</sup> cancer cell metastasis. Current small molecule CXCR4 antagonists suffer from poor oral bioavailability and off-target liabilities. Herein, we report a series of novel tetrahydroisoquinoline-containing CXCR4 antagonists designed to improve intestinal absorption and off-target profiles. Structure-activity relationships regarding CXCR4 potency, intestinal permeability, metabolic stability, and cytochrome P450 inhibition are presented.
FlexAura (2012)

The availability of flexible capacitive sensors that can be fitted around mice, smartphones, and pens carries great potential in leveraging grasp as a new interaction modality. Unfortunately, most capacitive sensors only track interaction directly on the surface, making it harder to differentiate among grips and constraining user movements. We present a new optical range sensor design based on high power infrared LEDs and photo-transistors, which can be fabricat-ed on a flexible PCB and wrapped around a wide variety of graspable objects including pens, mice, smartphones, and slates. Our sensor offers a native resolution of 10 dpi with a sensing range of up to 30mm (1.2"") and sampling speed of 50Hz. Based on our prototype wrapped around the barrel of a pen, we present a summary of the characteristics of the sensor and describe the sensor output in several typical pen grips. Our design is versatile enough to apply not only to pens but to a wide variety of graspable objects including smartphones and slates.
Mechanochemical Delivery and Dynamic Tracking of Fluorescent Quantum Dots in the Cytoplasm and Nucleus of Living Cells (2009)

Studying molecular dynamics inside living cells is a major but highly rewarding challenge in cell biology. We present a nanoscale mechanochemical method to deliver fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) into living cells, using a membrane-penetrating nanoneedle. We demonstrate the selective delivery of monodispersed QDs into the cytoplasm and the nucleus of living cells and the tracking of the delivered QDs inside the cells. The ability to deliver and track QDs may invite unconventional strategies for studying biological processes and biophysical properties in living cells with spatial and temporal precision, potentially with molecular resolution.
We can make gout management more successful now (2008)

Recent publication of evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of gout and the impending availability of new urate-lowering agents suggest that this is an opportune time to initiate professional and patient education efforts toward improved management of this increasingly common disorder.
Long‐term treatment with empagliflozin, a novel, potent and selective SGLT‐2 inhibitor, improves glycaemic control and features of metabolic syndrome in diabetic rats (2011)

Empagliflozin is a potent, selective sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor that is in development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. This series of studies was conducted to assess the in vivo pharmacological effects of single or multiple doses of empagliflozin in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Single doses of empagliflozin resulted in dose-dependent increases in urinary glucose excretion and reductions in blood glucose levels. After multiple doses (5 weeks), fasting blood glucose levels were reduced by 26 and 39% with 1 and 3 mg/kg empagliflozin, respectively, relative to vehicle. After 5 weeks, HbA1c levels were reduced (from a baseline of 7.9%) by 0.3 and 1.1% with 1 and 3 mg/kg empagliflozin, respectively, versus an increase of 1.1% with vehicle. Hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp indicated improved insulin sensitivity with empagliflozin after multiple doses versus vehicle. These findings support the development of empagliflozin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Time-dependent induction of protective anti-influenza immune responses in human peripheral blood lymphocyte/SCID mice (1997)

The human (hu) PBL/SCID mouse model has the potential to provide a powerful tool for the study of human immune function. However, at peak engraftment (4-8 wk postinjection), recovered human T cells are largely unresponsive to foreign Ag and have converted to an activated/memory-type phenotype. Here we show that this conversion is not a prerequisite for engraftment because at early stages (2 wk) a substantial fraction of human T cells detected in SCID peripheral blood retains the unactivated/naive phenotype of donor PBL. This early stage is also associated with a TCR repertoire in both the CD4 and CD8 subsets that is similar to that in the donor. Importantly, we show that strong HLA class I allele- and peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte as well as humoral responses can be generated in this model when human cells encounter Ag (infection with influenza A) at early, but not late, stages in engraftment. This early human response was also functional, as partial protection against influenza-induced pathology and death in SCIDs was observed. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the huPBL/SCID model can support the generation of potent and specific CTL and humoral responses provided that Ag is introduced early, presumably before the time-dependent generalized xenoactivation of engrafted human cells.
Highly Conserved Upstream Regions of the α1-Antitrypsin Gene in Two Mouse Species Govern Liver-Specific Expression by Different Mechanisms (1990)

alpha 1-Antitrypsin (AT), the major elastase inhibitor in mammalian serum, is produced primarily in the liver. We have characterized AT gene structure and expression in the mouse species Mus caroli, which expresses high levels of AT in the kidneys as well as in the liver. Analysis of cDNA and genomic clones showed that the AT gene in M. caroli exhibits high sequence homology (greater than 90%) to the gene in laboratory mice (M. domesticus) throughout the coding and 5'-flanking regions. Despite this extensive sequence conservation, the functional organization of cis-acting regulatory elements governing liver-specific expression is strikingly different between these species. Transient-transfection assays showed that the proximal region of the M. caroli promoter (i.e., between -120 and -2 relative to the transcriptional start site) is 10-fold more active than the analogous region of M. domesticus in driving the expression of an indicator gene in cultured liver cells. The increased activity of the proximal region of the M. caroli AT promoter appears to be the result of one or both of the two base substitutions at positions -46 and -48. The weak proximal promoter in M. domesticus is compensated for by the presence of upstream, liver-specific enhancers between -199 and -520; the analogous region in M. caroli is inactive. Thus, during the course of evolution, the modest 7% sequence divergence that has occurred between the 5'-flanking regions of the AT genes in these two species has generated distinct, yet equally effective, modes of hepatocyte-specific expression.
The Sir2 protein family: A novel deacetylase for gene silencing and more (2000)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Visceral hypersensitivity and altered colonic motility after subsidence of inflammation in a rat model of colitis (2003)

These results concur largely with the characteristic features of IBS, visceral hypersensitivity and altered defecation pattern in the absence of detectable disease, suggesting that this animal model is a methodologically convenient and useful model for studying a subset of IBS.
Motion artifact reduction for wearable photoplethysmogram sensors using micro accelerometers and laguerre series adaptive filters (2008)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2008.
Gene therapy for arterial thrombosis (1997)

Conventional antithrombotic treatments with antiplatelet, anticoagulant or fibrinolytic drugs are not uniformly successful and are associated with hemorrhagic side effects. Thus, new approaches to the prevention and treatment of arterial thrombosis are desirable. The gene transfer approach is particularly attractive because of its unique ability to express an antithrombotic gene at selected sites of the vessel wall (where thrombosis is threatened) while avoiding systemic anticoagulation. Clinical conditions potentially amenable to antithrombotic gene therapy include coronary artery bypass grafting, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, peripheral artery angioplasty or thrombectomy, intravascular stenting, and vascular graft prostheses. Gene therapy may prove effective in preventing subacute thrombosis in these settings and, eventually, may play an adjuvant role to systemic thrombolysis in the treatment of acute arterial occlusion. The introduction of an antithrombotic gene into the arterial wall can be achieved either by direct in vivo gene transfer (e.g., by luminal administration of a viral vector) or by in vitro genetic manipulation of cells before their seeding onto vascular grafts, stents, or denuded arteries. The direct gene transfer approach has been used to deliver antithrombotic genes to animal arteries in vivo. Antithrombotic genes used to date include those encoding enzymes of the prostacyclin synthetic pathway, nitric oxide synthase, the thrombin inhibitor hirudin, and thrombomodulin. The in vitro gene transfer approach has been used to enhance the fibrinolytic activity of vascular grafts by overexpressing plasminogen activators. If the initial successes of gene therapy for thrombotic disease in animal models are confirmed by longer-term experiments, and if new vectors are developed which permit prolonged transgene expression without inflammation, human studies can be initiated.
A system for tissue-specific gene targeting: transgenic mice susceptible to subgroup A avian leukosis virus-based retroviral vectors. (1994)

Avian leukosis viruses (ALVs) have been used extensively as genetic vectors in avian systems, but their utility in mammals or mammalian cell lines is compromised by inefficient viral entry. We have overcome this limitation by generating transgenic mice that express the receptor for the subgroup A ALV under the control of the chicken alpha sk-actin promoter. The skeletal muscles of these transgenic animals are susceptible to efficient infection by subgroup A ALV. Because infection is restricted to cell lineages that express the transgene, the method has utility for studies of development and oncogenesis and will provide models for tissue-specific gene therapy.