gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transgenesis in nonmurine species. (1993)

Although the mouse remains the species of choice for most transgenic experimentation, it may be preferable or even necessary to use alternative species for certain applications. We review the strategies by which transgenic technology has been applied to other animals, specifically, the rat, rabbit, pig, sheep, goat, and cow. Additionally, we outline the potential applications of alternative transgenic species with reference to the field of hypertension and cardiovascular research.
Conductance of a Molecular Junction (1997)

Molecules of benzene-1,4-dithiol were self-assembled onto the two facing gold electrodes of a mechanically controllable break junction to form a statically stable gold-sulfur-aryl-sulfur-gold system, allowing for direct observation of charge transport through the molecules. Current-voltage measurements at room temperature demonstrated a highly reproducible apparent gap at about 0.7 volt, and the conductance-voltage curve showed two steps in both bias directions. This study provides a quantative measure of the conductance of a junction containing a single molecule, which is a fundamental step in the emerging area of molecular-scale electronics.
Boundary Effects in Superconductors (1964)

The properties of layered structures of superconducting (and non- superconducting) materials are studied, with emphasis on the related boundary- value problems. The experimental results are summarized, and theoretical interpretations are proposed for them. (T.F.H.)
Effects of Electrospinning and Solution Casting Protocols on the Secondary Structure of a Genetically Engineered Dragline Spider Silk Analogue Investigated via Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy (2005)

Micrometer and submicrometer diameter fibers of recombinant dragline spider silk analogues, synthesized via protein engineering strategies, have been electrospun from 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) and compared with cast films via Raman spectroscopy in order to assess changes in protein conformation that may result from the electrospinning process. Although the solvent casting process was shown to result in predominantly beta-sheet conformation similar to that observed in the bulk, the electrospinning process causes a major change in conformation from beta-sheet to alpha-helix. A possible mechanism involving electric field-induced stabilization of alpha-helical segments in HFIP solution during the electrospinning process is discussed.
A 3D reconstruction of vascular structures from two X-ray angiograms using an adapted simulated annealing algorithm (1994)

A three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the vessel lumen from two angiographic views, based on the reconstruction of a series of cross-sections, is proposed. Assuming uniform mixing of contrast medium and background subtraction, the cross-section of each vessel is reconstructed through a binary representation. A priori information about both the slice to be reconstructed and the relationships between adjacent slices are incorporated to lessen ambiguities on the reconstruction. Taking into account the knowledge of normal vessel geometry, an initial solution of each slice is created using an elliptic model-based method. This initial solution is then deformed to be made consistent with projection data while being constrained into a connected realistic shape. For that purpose, properties on the expected optimal solution are described through a Markov random field. To find an optimal solution, a specific optimization algorithm based on simulated annealing is used. The method performs well both on single vessels and on branching vessels possessing an additional inherent ambiguity when viewed at oblique angles. Results on 2D slice independent reconstruction and 3D reconstruction of a stack of spatially continuous 2D slices are presented for single vessels and bifurcations.
Cell Attachment to Hydrogel-Electrospun Fiber Mat Composite Materials (2012)

Hydrogels, electrospun fiber mats (EFMs), and their composites have been extensively studied for tissue engineering because of their physical and chemical similarity to native biological systems. However, while chemically similar, hydrogels and electrospun fiber mats display very different topographical features. Here, we examine the influence of surface topography and composition of hydrogels, EFMs, and hydrogel-EFM composites on cell behavior. Materials studied were composed of synthetic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEGPCL) hydrogels and electrospun poly(caprolactone) (PCL) and core/shell PCL/PEGPCL constituent materials. The number of adherent cells and cell circularity were most strongly influenced by the fibrous nature of materials (e.g., topography), whereas cell spreading was more strongly influenced by material composition (e.g., chemistry). These results suggest that cell attachment and proliferation to hydrogel-EFM composites can be tuned by varying these properties to provide important insights for the future design of such composite materials.
Dairy Foods, Calcium, and Colorectal Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of 10 Cohort Studies (2004)

Higher consumption of milk and calcium is associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer.
In Vivo Disposition Characteristics of Plasmid DNA Complexed with Cationic Liposomes (1995)

To control disposition and hence gene expression, we investigated the disposition characteristics of plasmid DNA complexed with the cationic liposomes Lipofectin and LipofectACE after intravenous injection in mice via the tail vein. The optimum ratios of DNA and liposome complexes were selected through in vitro cytotoxicity and transfection studies. The highest transfection was found at the DNA:liposome ratio of 1:5 w/w. Hence, this ratio was used for in vivo disposition studies, and the distribution patterns were compared with that of naked pCAT. Following intravenous injection of [32P] pCAT, radioactivity was rapidly eliminated from plasma and approximately 60% of the dose was taken up by the liver within 1.5 min. In the case of LipofectACE samples, radioactivity elimination from plasma was equally rapid, but its accumulation was observed in both the liver (35%) and the lung (45%). For Lipofectin samples, radioactivity was initially accumulated in both the liver (55%) and the lung (25%), but lung accumulation was not sustained beyond 5 min after administration. Both liposomal samples showed in vivo gene expression in the lung, heart, kidney and spleen, but not in the liver. Thus, the present study demonstrated that disposition and gene expression of pCAT can be controlled by complex formation with liposomes.
Biomimetic Approach to Cardiac Tissue Engineering: Oxygen Carriers and Channeled Scaffolds (2006)

We report that the functional assembly of engineered cardiac muscle can be enhanced by oxygen supply provided by mechanisms resembling those in normal vascularized tissues. To mimic the capillary network, cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts isolated from the neonatal rat hearts were cultured on a highly porous elastomer with a parallel array of channels that were perfused with culture medium. To mimic oxygen supply by hemoglobin, culture medium was supplemented with a perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsion; constructs perfused with unsupplemented culture medium served as controls. In PFC-supplemented medium, the decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen in the aqueous phase was only 50% of that in control medium (28 mmHg vs. 45 mmHg between the construct inlet and outlet at a flow rate of 0.1 mL/min). Consistently, constructs cultivated in the presence of PFC contained higher amounts of DNA and cardiac markers (troponin I, connexin-43) and had significantly better contractile properties as compared to control constructs. In both groups, electron microscopy revealed open channels and the presence of cells at the channel surfaces as well as within constructs. Improved properties of cardiac constructs could be correlated with the enhanced supply of oxygen to the cells, by a combined use of channeled scaffolds and PFC.
Coherent Oscillations inside a Quantum Manifold Stabilized by Dissipation (2018)

New experiments present experimental evidence for the dynamical quantum Zeno effect, in which a stabilizing friction leads to a continuous phase change among degenerate states in a quantum superposition.
Kinetics of the Baeyer-Villiger reaction of benzaldehydes with perbenzoic acid in aquo-organic solvents (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of the Baeyer-Villiger reaction of benzaldehydes with perbenzoic acid in aquo-organic solventsYoshiro Ogata and Yasuhiko SawakiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 12, 3985–3991Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01264a051https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01264a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views416Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
HIV-1 Tat Protein Induces PD-L1 (B7-H1) Expression on Dendritic Cells through Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha- and Toll-Like Receptor 4-Mediated Mechanisms (2014)

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat on the PD-1/PD-L1 coinhibitory pathway on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs). We found that treatment of MoDCs from either healthy or HIV-1-infected patients with HIV-1 Tat protein stimulated the expression of PD-L1. We demonstrate that this stimulation was mediated through an indirect mechanism, involving tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathways, and resulted in compromised ability of Tat-treated MoDCs to functionally stimulate T-cell proliferation.
A Case of Small Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosed by Serial Follow-up Studies Promptly by a Positive K-ras Point Mutation in Pure Pancreatic Juice (1998)

We report a 74-yr-old woman who was referred to our hospital because of abdominal fullness. ERP showed a questionable irregularity of the main pancreatic duct at the body. Examination of pure pancreatic juice was positive for K-ras point mutation at codon 12 and negative for cytology. Because neither US nor CT showed apparent lesions in the pancreas, we decided to follow up the patient with serial ERP and pure pancreatic juice studies at 3-month intervals. No changes had been seen up to 18 months later, when cytology was conclusive for malignancy with an apparent stenosis of the main pancreatic duct at the body. Distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy was performed. A round mass, 12 mm in diameter, was found in the body, which proved to be an adenocarcinoma at histological examination. No extrapancreatic extension and metastases were noted. Although positive K-ras point mutation has been reported in some cases of adenoma or mucinous cell hyperplasia of the pancreas and chronic pancreatitis, our case, along with previous reports, indicated the importance of testing K-ras point mutation in pure pancreatic juices for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer at an early stage.
The Indol-2-ylglyoxylamide Moiety:  A New Building Block for the Design and Self-Assembly of Hydrogen Bond Networks (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTThe Indol-2-ylglyoxylamide Moiety: A New Building Block for the Design and Self-Assembly of Hydrogen Bond NetworksDavid St. C. Black, Donald C. Craig, and Darryl B. McConnellView Author Information School of Chemistry The University of New South Wales Sydney 2052, AustraliaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 34, 8148–8149Publication Date (Web):August 28, 1996Publication History Received11 March 1996Published online28 August 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja960803fhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja960803frapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views195Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amides,Carbonyls,Noncovalent interactions,Oligomers,Oxygen Get e-Alerts
Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems* (1949)

THE problems of cryptography and secrecy systems furnish an interesting application of communication theory. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> In this paper a theory of secrecy systems is developed. The approach is on a theoretical level and is intended to complement the treatment found in standard works on cryptography. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> There, a detailed study is made of the many standard types of codes and ciphers, and of the ways of breaking them. We will be more concerned with the general mathematical structure and properties of secrecy systems.
Elevated Levels of Antibodies to Epstein-Barr Virus Antigens in Sera and Synovial Fluids of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (1981)

The frequencies and levels of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific antigens were determined in paired sera and synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in sera from patients with other connective tissue diseases; i.e., systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive systemic sclerosis, and osteoarthritis (OA). The specimens were also tested for the presence of antibodies to RA-associated nuclear antigen. Compared to healthy controls, the patients' sera showed increased frequencies of elevated antibody titers (>/=320) to Epstein-Barr viral capsid antigen, a correspondingly enhanced (twofold to threefold) geometric mean titer, and an increased frequency of antibodies at elevated titers (>/=10), usually to the restricted component and rarely the diffuse component of the early antigen complex. Levels of antibody to the EBV-associated nuclear antigen were within the normal range. Enhancement of antibody titers was more pronounced in seropositive RA patients (i.e., positive for rheumatoid factor) than in those who were not. Enhancement was also found in systemic lupus erythematosus and progressive systemic sclerosis. Antibody to RA-associated nuclear antigen was detected at an increased frequency only in the group of seropositive RA patients (90%), as compared to 8-15% in the other connective tissue diseases and 6-8% in healthy controls. The antibody titers in the synovial fluids equaled or were at most twofold higher or lower than those in the sera. In addition, levels of EBV-specific antibodies were studied serially over a period of 6-10 mo in patients with RA and OA. Parameters of disease activity were determined and compared to antibody levels. EBV-specific antibodies in sera of OA patients remained constant and within normal limits throughout the study. Although EBV-specific antibodies were often elevated in RA patients, they also remained constant, with the exception of three patients, who showed gradual increases in one of the four antibodies, which did not correlate with disease activity.
Interleukin 1‐induced maturation of progenitor thymocytes (1991)

Regulation of thymocyte development was assessed by culturing purified CD4-CD8- thymocytes with cytokines. Sorted CD3-CD4-CD8- adult thymocytes responded to the combination of interleukin (IL) 1 plus IL 2 without additional mitogens or co-mitogens with both cellular proliferation and cell surface expression of the T cell receptor (TcR)/CD3 complex. IL2 alone induced neither proliferation nor cell surface TcR/CD3 expression. IL1 alone was sufficient to induce cell surface TcR/CD3 without proliferation. Prior to stimulation with cytokines, the progenitor CD4-CD8- thymocytes accumulated TcR beta and CD3 gamma, delta, epsilon and zeta mRNA but TcR alpha mRNA was not detectable. Stimulation with IL 1 led to a dramatic induction of TcR alpha mRNA without an increase in the other transcripts. These studies suggest that IL 1 regulates the differentiation status of immature adult thymocytes. Nuclear run-on studies suggested that the increase in TcR alpha mRNA accumulation induced by cytokines might result from post-transcriptional accumulation.
Prevalence Of Perkinsus Spp. In Chesapeake Bay Soft-Shell Clams, Mya Arenaria Linnaeus, 1758 During 1990-1998 (2000)

Prevalence and intensity of Perkinsus spp. infections were determined in soft-shell clams Mya arenaria during 1990 to 1998 based upon incubation of rectal tissues in Ray's fluid thioglycollate medium. During the study, soft-shell clams were collected from 18 sites in the upper Chesapeake Bay in Maryland. Enlarged hypnospores were found in similar to 7% (114/1,705) of the soft-shell clams. Peak prevalences occurred in the fail of 1992 with similar to 53% (16/30) at Piney Point and 50% (15/30) at Eastern Neck, and in August 1995 with similar to 64%(18/28) and similar to 37% (11/30) at Cedar Point and Piney Point, respectively. This investigation provides evidence that Perkinsus spp. infections in soft-shell clams are more common than previously thought.
Neuropathologic Features of Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (2006)

The neuropathologic features of aMCI matched the clinical features and seemed to be intermediate between the neurofibrillary changes of aging and the pathologic features of very early AD.
A new approach to blind identification and equalization of multipath channels (2002)

A novel blind channel identification and equalization method is proposed by exploiting the cyclostationarity of communication signals. Identification and equalization of possibly nonminimum phase multipath channels are achieved without using training signals. Unlike most of the adaptive blind equalization methods for which the convergence properties are often problematic, the eigenstructure-based channel estimation algorithm proposed here is asymptotically exact. Based on the second-order properties, the proposed approach identifies nonminimum phase channels and achieves equalization with fewer samples than most techniques based on higher-order statistics. Simulations demonstrate the promising performance of the proposed algorithm in a blind equalization of a three-ray multipath channel.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Inhibition of cytokine production by methotrexate. Studies in healthy volunteers and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (2003)

Methotrexate turns out to be an efficient inhibitor of cytokine production induced by T-cell activation in freshly drawn blood. This is due to inhibition of the de novo synthesis of purines and pyrimidines. Cytokines produced by monocytes are hardly affected by methotrexate.
Condensation of unsymmetrical aliphatic ketones with formaldehyde in trifluoroacetic acid (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCondensation of unsymmetrical aliphatic ketones with formaldehyde in trifluoroacetic acidWilliam C. Lumma Jr. and O. H. MaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 7, 2391–2393Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00832a063https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00832a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views320Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cancer Immunotherapy Using Irradiated Tumor Cells Secreting Heat Shock Protein 70 (2007)

Ovarian cancer is responsible for the highest mortality rate among patients with gynecologic malignancies. Therefore, there is an emerging need for innovative therapies for the control of advanced ovarian cancer. Immunotherapy has emerged as a potentially plausible approach for the control of ovarian cancer. In the current study, we have generated heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70)-secreting murine ovarian cancer cells that express luciferase (MOSEC/luc). Hsp70 has been shown to target and concentrate antigenic peptides in dendritic cells and is also able to activate dendritic cells. We characterized the antigen-specific immune response and the antitumor effect of the MOSEC/luc cells expressing Hsp70 using noninvasive luminescence images to measure the amount of ovarian tumors in the peritoneal cavity of mice. We found that mice challenged with MOSEC/luc cells expressing Hsp70 generate significant antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell immune responses. Furthermore, we also found that mice vaccinated with irradiated MOSEC/luc cells expressing Hsp70 generate significant therapeutic effect against MOSEC/luc cells. In addition, we have shown that CD8+, natural killer, and CD4+ cells are important for protective antitumor effect generated by irradiated tumor cell-based vaccines expressing Hsp70. Moreover, we also found that CD40 receptor is most important, followed by Toll-like receptor 4 receptor, for inhibiting in vivo tumor growth of the viable MOSEC/luc expressing Hsp70. Thus, the use of Hsp70-secreting ovarian tumor cells represents a potentially effective therapy for the control of lethal ovarian cancer.