gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of thermotolerance during fractionated hyperthermia in a solid tumor in vivo. (1982)

The effect of 43.5 degrees water bath heating on a C3H mammary carcinoma inoculated into the foot of BALB/c x DBA F1 (hereafter called CD2F1 mice was investigated. A single heat treatment resulted in a linear dose-response relationship between heating time and tumor growth time (i.e., the time for tumors to reach 5 times the initial volume of the first treatment day). Recovery from hyperthermic damage, demonstrated by two-dose fractionation experiments (30 min + 60 min at 43.5 degrees), increased with increasing fractionation interval and reached its maximum at a 16-hr interval. Preheating for 30 min at 43.5 degrees induced thermal resistance to a second heat treatment at 43.5 degrees (thermotolerance) which was evidenced by a decrease in the slope of the dose-response curves. This thermotolerance gradually increased with increasing interval and reached a maximum at a 16-hr interval with a thermotolerance ratio of 5.2. Subsequently, the thermotolerance gradually decayed and completely disappeared at a 120-hr interval. No detectable repair of hyperthermic damage was found in this tumor. In principle, there data confirm the observations on thermotolerance reported previously for cell cultures in vitro and for several normal tissues in vivo.
Semisupervised alignment of manifolds. (2005)

In this paper, we study a family of semisupervised learning algorithms for “aligning” different data sets that are characterized by the same underlying manifold. The optimizations of these algorithms are based on graphs that provide a discretized approximation to the manifold. Partial alignments of the data sets—obtained from prior knowledge of their manifold structure or from pairwise correspondences of subsets of labeled examples— are completed by integrating supervised signals with unsupervised frameworks for manifold learning. As an illustration of this semisupervised setting, we show how to learn mappings between different data sets of images that are parameterized by the same underlying modes of variability (e.g., pose and viewing angle). The curse of dimensionality in these problems is overcome by exploiting the low dimensional structure of image manifolds.
Relationship of prediagnostic serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate to the risk of developing premenopausal breast cancer. (1992)

Dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate are steroids which may be associated with the development of breast cancer. To examine the association between serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and the risk of developing premenopausal breast cancer, we measured hormone levels in 15 women who donated blood to a community-based serum bank in 1974 and who subsequently developed premenopausal breast cancer and in 29 matched controls from the same group of volunteers. The mean serum level of dehydroepiandrosterone among cases was 10% lower than among controls. The risk of developing breast cancer for women in the highest tertile compared with the lowest tertile of serum dehydroepiandrosterone was 0.40 with a suggestion of a dose-response trend with increasing levels. No consistent association between dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and the risk of premenopausal breast cancer was evident. In contrast to postmenopausal breast cancer, a protective effect of dehydroepiandrosterone against premenopausal breast cancer is suggested, but because of the small sample size, the results of this study need to be replicated by others.
An araC-controlled Bacterialcre Expression System to Produce DNA Minicircle Vectors for Nuclear and Mitochondrial Gene Therapy (2001)

The presence of CpG motifs and their associated sequences in bacterial DNA causes an immunotoxic response following the delivery of these plasmid vectors into mammalian hosts. We describe a biotechnological approach to the elimination of this problem by the creation of a bacterial cre recombinase expression system, tightly controlled by the arabinose regulon. This permits the Cre-mediated and -directed excision of the entire bacterial vector sequences from plasmid constructs to create supercoiled gene expression minicircles for gene therapy. Minicircle yields using standard culture volumes are sufficient for most in vitro and in vivo applications whereas minicircle expression in vitro is significantly increased over standard plasmid transfection. By the simple expedient of removing the bacterial DNA complement, we significantly reduce the size and CpG content of these expression vectors, which should also reduce DNA-induced inflammatory responses in a dose-dependent manner. We further describe the generation of minicircle expression vectors for mammalian mitochondrial gene therapy, for which no other vector systems currently exist. The removal of bacterial vector sequences should permit appropriate transcription and correct transcriptional cleavage from the mitochondrial minicircle constructs in a mitochondrial environment and brings the realization of mitochondrial gene therapy a step closer.
Oseltamivir Resistance — Disabling Our Influenza Defenses (2005)

The neuraminidase inhibitors provide valuable defenses against pandemic and seasonal influenza. Dr. Anne Moscona writes that misuse of oseltamivir could rob us of the advantages that neuraminidase inhibitors provide, by favoring the emergence of oseltamivir-resistant influenza virus.
Recurrent Respiratory Infections in Children – Definition, Diagnostic Approach, Treatment and Prevention (2011)

Definition of RRI is problematic and clear consensus does not exist. In case of otitis media, a reference standard for occurrence is three episodes within 6 months or four episodes within 12 months. Recurrent infectious rhinitis is usually defined as more than five episodes per year and recurrent pharyngitis or tonsillitis more than three episodes within 12 months www.intechopen.com
Different G protein-coupled receptor kinases govern G protein and β-arrestin-mediated signaling of V2 vasopressin receptor (2005)

Signaling through beta-arrestins is a recently appreciated mechanism used by seven-transmembrane receptors. Because G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) phosphorylation of such receptors is generally a prerequisite for beta-arrestin binding, we studied the roles of different GRKs in promoting beta-arrestin-mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation by a typical seven-transmembrane receptor, the Gs-coupled V2 vasopressin receptor. Gs- and beta-arrestin-mediated pathways to ERK activation could be distinguished with H89, an inhibitor of protein kinase A, and beta-arrestin 2 small interfering RNA, respectively. The roles of GRK2, -3, -5, and -6 were assessed by suppressing their expression with specific small interfering RNA sequences. By using this approach, we demonstrated that GRK2 and -3 are responsible for most of the agonist-dependent receptor phosphorylation, desensitization, and recruitment of beta-arrestins. In contrast, GRK5 and -6 mediated much less receptor phosphorylation and beta-arrestin recruitment, but yet appeared exclusively to support beta-arrestin 2-mediated ERK activation. GRK2 suppression actually increased beta-arrestin-stimulated ERK activation. These results suggest that beta-arrestin recruited in response to receptor phosphorylation by different GRKs has distinct functional potentials.
Millimeter-wave dielectric properties of epitaxial vanadium dioxide thin films (1991)

The dielectric properties of grain-oriented thin-film vanadium dioxide (VO2) on single-crystal sapphire have been measured as a function of temperature across the phase transformation at 68 °C. The properties of the low- and high-temperature phases were determined by measuring the millimeter-wave transmittance and phase shift through the samples. The real part of the dielectric constant in the high-temperature phase increases with increasing thickness from less than 1000 for a 40-nm-thick film (the resolvable limit of this measurement technique) to over 90 000 for a 580-nm-thick film. The strong thickness dependence in epitaxial VO2 thin films can be attributed to a dielectric mixture phenomenon and can be described by effective-medium theory. The large real dielectric constant and its thickness dependence is likely due to bonding distortions at the grain boundaries. Analysis of the experimental data shows the VO2 thin films used in this study have no secondary grain-boundary phases, but do have interfacial stresses which affect the dielectric properties of the grain-boundary regions that lie near the VO2-sapphire interface. This study concludes that the millimeter-wave properties of VO2 thin films are strongly influenced by microstructure, crystalline orientation, grain-boundary stress, and stoichiometry.
Treatment of a Specialty Paper Mill Wastewater Using a Pilot-scale Pulsed Electrocoagulation Unit (2007)

We used a pilot-scale pulsed electrocoagulation (EC) system capable of treating 0.5~1m^3 h^(-1), with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2.17~6.5 min, and consisting of a homogenizer tank, a pulsed EC reactor, an aerator, a flocculation tank, and a sedimentation tank to treat specialty paper mill wastewater from central Taiwan. The mill has a daily production of 5 t d^(-1), and discharges 1300m^3 d^(-1) of wastewater. It produces mainly filter papers for air conditioners and dehumidifiers, medical industrial paper, home decoration paper, special wrapping and packaging papers, and other specialty papers. A wastewater stream from making black-colored specialty paper was treated in this study. The wastewater was pumped to a 1-m^3 homogenizing tank to even out fluctuations in water quality before entering the treatment unit. The controlled parameters of the pulsed EC unit included the use of either iron or aluminum electrodes, current density, and HRT (flow rate). The wastewater quality variables examined before and after the treatment include electrical conductivity, suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and true color. The results indicated that electrical conductivity decreased with increasing current density and HRT; under all current densities, SS removal appeared to have no correlation with the flow rate, and a minimum of 85% SS removal was observed. Removal of COD was dependent on the electrode materials. When iron electrodes were used, due to the low COD of the original wastewater, the post-treatment effluent tended to have large amounts of ferric ions which interfered with the COD measurements. Aluminum electrodes, on the other hand, achieved at least a 40% COD removal at lower current densities. With both electrodes, the higher the current density and the longer the HRT, the greater the true color removal rates became. Under the best operational conditions (a current density of 106.7Am^(-2), and an HRT of 3.25 min) using aluminum electrodes achieved removals of 25.4, 97.14, 76.47 and 70.09% of electrical conductivity, SS, COD, and true color, respectively. The current dissolved air flotation unit costs NT$2.68 (US$0.0812) per ton of wastewater to operate, while the pulsed EC unit costs NT$2.42 (US$0.0733) per ton of wastewater. A proposed 5-stage mechanism of the EC system is also discussed.
Study on Cast Membranes and Electrospun Nanofibers Made from Keratin/Fibroin Blends (2008)

Keratin regenerated from wool and fibroin regenerated from silk were mixed in different proportions using formic acid as the common solvent. Both solutions were cast to obtain films and electrospun to produce nanofibers. Scanning electron microscopy investigation showed that, for all electrospun blends (except for 100% keratin where bead defects are present), the fiber diameter of the mats ranged from 900 (pure fibroin) to 160 nm (pure keratin). FTIR and DSC analysis showed that the secondary structure of the proteins was influenced by the blend ratios and the process used (casting or electrospinning). Prevalence of beta-sheet supramolecular structures was observed in the films, while proteins assembled in alpha-helix/random coil structures were observed in nanofibers. Higher solution viscosity, thinner filaments, and differences in the thermal and structural properties were observed for the 50/50 blend because of the enhanced interactions between the proteins.
Asthma: definitions and pathophysiology (2015)

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder arising from not fully understood heterogenic gene-environment interactions. It features variable airway obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Clinically, asthmatics exhibit recurrent episodes of wheeze, cough, chest tightness, and shortness of breath.
A mixed prototype waveform/CELP coder for sub 3kb/s (1993)

CELP Analysis-by-Synthesis speech coders do not make a distinction between voiced and unvoiced speech frames. For sub-3kb/s coding it is necessary to separate unvoiced and voiced frames and code voiced speech using an inherently periodic scheme. This paper addresses these problems by using a prototype waveform coder for voiced frames, while retaining a CELP algorithm for unvoiced frames.

For voiced speech a single 'residual prototype' is selected to represent a section of 25ms. Prototypes are interpolated across the frame to provide a smooth evolution of amplitude and harmonic content. Two coding schemes for the prototypes are discussed; a pitch harmonic scheme operating in the DFT domain, and an impulsive codebook time domain technique. Unvoiced frames are coded using a standard CELP architecture excluding the adaptive codebook search. The overall bit rate using either of the voiced frame coding algorithms is shown to be sub 3kb/s for good communications quality speech.
Fabrications of insulator-protected nanometer-sized electrode gaps (2014)

We developed SiO2-coated mechanically controllable break junctions for accurate tunneling current measurements in an ionic solution. By breaking the junction, we created dielectric-protected Au nanoprobes with nanometer separation. We demonstrated that the insulator protection was capable to suppress the ionic contribution to the charge transport through the electrode gap, thereby enabled reliable characterizations of liquid-mediated exponential decay of the tunneling conductance in an electrolyte solution. From this, we found distinct roles of charge points such as molecular dipoles and ion species on the tunneling decay constant, which was attributed to local structures of molecules and ions in the confined space between the sensing electrodes. The device described here would provide improved biomolecular sensing capability of tunneling current sensors.
Radioprotectors in Radiotherapy (2001)

Radioprotector /Radiotherapy /Free radical scavengers /Cytoprotectors
Interruption of OX40L signaling prevents costimulation blockade–resistant allograft rejection (2017)

The potential of costimulation blockade to serve as a novel transplant immunosuppression strategy has been explored for over 20 years, culminating in the recent clinical approval of belatacept for renal transplant patients. Despite improving long-term graft function and survival compared with calcineurin inhibitors, clinical acceptance of belatacept has been hindered by elevated rates of acute rejection. We examined the signaling pathways required to activate costimulation blockade-resistant alloreactive T cells and identified the OX40/OX40L secondary costimulatory pathway as a promising target. We next sought to improve the clinical efficacy of traditional costimulation blockade using belatacept by coupling it with anti-OX40L. Using a murine transplant model, we demonstrate that combined blockade enhances the suppression of alloreactive T cell proliferation and effector functions including both cytokine release and cytotoxic degranulation. We also show that anti-OX40L may be particularly useful in targeting alloreactive memory T cell responses that are relatively unaffected by traditional costimulation blockade regimens. Finally, we translated this therapy to a clinically relevant nonhuman primate renal transplant model, validating the efficacy of this regimen in a potentially novel steroid- and calcineurin inhibitor-free immunosuppression regimen.
Introduction (1999)

October 01 2019 Introduction Stanford Anderson Stanford Anderson Stanford Anderson was educated in architecture at the universities of Minnesota and California, and holds a PhD in History of Art from Columbia University. He is Professor of History and Architecture and Head of the MIT Department of Architecture. His research and writing concern architectural theory, early modern architecture in northern Europe, American architecture and urbanism, and epistemology and historiography. His book Peter Behrens: A New Architecture for the Twentieth Century will appear shortly from The MIT Press. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information Stanford Anderson Stanford Anderson was educated in architecture at the universities of Minnesota and California, and holds a PhD in History of Art from Columbia University. He is Professor of History and Architecture and Head of the MIT Department of Architecture. His research and writing concern architectural theory, early modern architecture in northern Europe, American architecture and urbanism, and epistemology and historiography. His book Peter Behrens: A New Architecture for the Twentieth Century will appear shortly from The MIT Press. Online Issn: 2572-7338 Print Issn: 1091-711X © 1999 Stanford Anderson1999Stanford Anderson Thresholds (1999) (19): 5–6. https://doi.org/10.1162/thld_e_00478 Cite Icon Cite Permissions Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Search Site Citation Stanford Anderson; Introduction. Thresholds 1999; (19): 5–6. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/thld_e_00478 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsThresholds Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1999 Stanford Anderson1999Stanford Anderson Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Biodiesel Fuel from Animal Fat. Ancillary Studies on Transesterification of Beef Tallow (1998)

Transesterification of beef tallow was investigated. The solubility of ethanol in beef tallow was much higher than that of methanol. At 100 °C the solubility of methanol was 19% (w/w). The solubility of ethanol in beef tallow reached 100% (w/w) at about 68 °C. For the distribution of methanol between beef tallow methyl esters (BTME) and glycerol, the percentage of total methanol in the glycerol phase was higher than that in the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) phase in a simulated system at room temperature. At 65−80 °C, however, the percentage of total methanol in FAME (60% (w/w)) was higher than that in glycerol (40% (w/w)) in a 90:10 (w/w) blend of FAME and glycerol. This coincided with the methanol distribution in the transesterified product. The process for making beef tallow methyl esters should recover methanol using vacuum distillation, separate the ester and glycerol phases, and then wash the beef tallow methyl esters with warm water. At neutral pH, the separation of ester and glycerol and water washing was easier because it reduced emulsion formation.
Sound Waves in Deformed Perfectly Elastic Materials. Acoustoelastic Effect (1961)

The general equations for a small displacement superimposed on a finite deformation of a perfectly elastic material of arbitrary symmetry are derived anew. These equations are the basis of an analysis of plane waves of small amplitude propagating in an initially deformed and stressed elastic material. Certain restrictions on the energy function of finite elasticity theory are determined. These restrictions, which provide necessary and sufficient conditions that a homogeneously deformed material admit plane waves, are then compared with other restrictions obtained from themostatic equilibrium considerations. Compatibility conditions, which are necessary and sufficient that data on sound wave propagation in elastic materials be compatible with classical elasticity theory upon suitable assignment of the material symmetry, are derived. Finally, it is shown how the variation of sound speeds with initial stress and the measured magnitude of the acoustoelastic effect can be used to determine the third-order elastic constants of an isotropic material and as a partial confirmation and experimental check of the theory.
Molecular heterogeneity in human osteosarcoma demonstrated by enriched mRNAs isolated by directional tag PCR subtraction cloning. (2003)

Directional tag PCR subtractive hybridization was applied to construct a cDNA library generated from three different human osteosarcoma (OS) target cell lines (OHS, SaOS-2 and KPDXM) from which normal osteoblast (NO) sequences were subtracted. After two consecutive subtractive steps more than 98% of the common mRNAs species were depleted, leading to effective enrichment of the remaining target sequences. After differential screening of 960 clones, 81 candidates were further studied by Northern blot analysis and 73 represented separate mRNA species. Fifty-three of these showed enriched mRNA levels, of which 36 represented known and 17 not previously published cDNAs or EST sequences. The mRNAs showed a 1.4- to 504-fold enrichment compared to the mRNA levels in NO cells. The known mRNAs are: Ribosomal protein S11, KSP-37, Tethering factor SEC34, FXYD6, Alpha enolase, G-s-alpha, GPR85, DAF, RPL35A, GIF, TAPA-1, ANAPC11, DCI, hsp27, MRPS7 homolog, eIF p110 subunit, DPH2L, HMG-14, FB1 protein, chondroitin-6-sulphonase, calgizzarin, RNA polymerase II subunit, RPL13A, DHS, gp96, HHP2, acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein P2, ANT-2, ARF1, AFG3L2, SKD3, phosphoglucoisomerase, GST pi, CKI gamma 2, DNA polymerase delta small subunit and TRAP delta. Sections of human osteosarcoma biopsies and a xenograft were studied by in situ analysis. Seven cDNAs highly expressed in Northern blot analysis were tested. Their in situ expression differed between the xenograft and human sections as did that of collagen I. In the xenograft made from one of the target cell lines (OHS), a fair to strong representation of 3 cloned mRNAs was observed while collagen I mRNA was not detectable. We conclude that the molecular heterogeneity of these tumors is considerable. These results ought to have implications for future work to describe phenotypic subtypes with the aim of improving the diagnosis of human osteosarcomas.
Mitogenic autoantibodies inHelicobacter pylori-associated stomach cancerogenesis (1999)

Colonization of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori of gastric mucosa plays an important role in stomach carcinogenesis, while the gastric mucosa and nearby lymphoid tissue are active sites of humoral immunity against both bacteria and tumor. In a broad study on the humoral immunity of stomach-cancer patients (5 patients with diffuse- and intestinal-type stomach carcinoma), we immortalized spleen cells by using human hybridoma technology and isolated 11 hybrid clones (9 IgM, 1 IgG and 1 IgA) which react with defined proteins on different stomach-cancer cells and, interestingly, also with distinct proteins on H. pylori; 4 of these antibodies are mitogenic and stimulate the proliferation of stomach-cancer cells in vitro. Furthermore, immunohistochemical studies define these 4 clearly as autoantibodies, in view of their reactivity to normal epithelial cells. Sequence analysis of the genes for the immunoglobulin heavy (V(H)) and light (V(L)) chain variable regions revealed that most of the human antibodies belong to the V(H)3, Vlambda I and III gene families (DP-49, DPL-5 and DPL-23) and are germ-line configured.