gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peripheral Blood Proteins Predict Mortality in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2011)

Our results suggest that plasma proteins should be evaluated as a tool for prognosis determination in prioritization of patients for lung transplantation and stratification in drug studies.
Pilot symbol assisted modulation in frequency selective fading wireless channels (2000)

Frequency-selective fading channels are typically modeled either as a combination of Doppler components or as lowpass stochastic processes. In both cases, accurate parameter and/or Doppler frequency estimation is impeded by the fact that the Doppler frequencies are typically very low (compared with the data rate) and closely spaced. This problem is mitigated in pilot symbol assisted modulation (PSAM) systems that employ distributed training. Those systems can provide information about a time-undersampled version of the channel that may be easier to identify. We address the problem of estimating the fading channel's correlation matrices from the received data by exploiting the distributed training symbols. Multichannel autoregressive (AR) models are estimated to fit the channel's variations, and the Doppler frequencies are identified through the peaks of the AR spectrum. The performance of the proposed methods is studied through analytical and experimental results. Finally, Kalman filtering ideas are employed to track the time-varying channel taps based on the estimated AR model.
Functions of Sphingolipids and Sphingolipid Breakdown Products in Cellular Regulation (1989)

The discovery that breakdown products of cellular sphingolipids are biologically active has generated interest in the role of these molecules in cell physiology and pathology. Sphingolipid breakdown products, sphingosine and lysosphingolipids, inhibit protein kinase C, a pivotal enzyme in cell regulation and signal transduction. Sphingolipids and lysosphingolipids affect significant cellular responses and exhibit antitumor promoter activities in various mammalian cells. These molecules may function as endogenous modulators of cell function and possibly as second messengers.
von Willebrand factor mediates protection of factor VIII from activated protein C-catalyzed inactivation (1991)

Factor VIII, a cofactor of the intrinsic clotting pathway, is proteolytically inactivated by the vitamin K-dependent serine protease, activated protein C in a reaction requiring Ca2+ and a phospholipid surface. Factor VIII was inactivated 15 times faster than factor VIII in complex with either von Willebrand factor (vWf) or the large homodimeric fragment, SPIII (vWf residues 1-1365). Free factor VIII or factor VIII in complex with a smaller fragment, SPIII-T4 (vWf residues 1-272), were inactivated at the same rate, suggesting that this effect was dependent upon the size of factor VIII-vWf complex rather than changes in factor VIII brought about by occupancy of the vWf-binding site. Thrombin cleavage of the factor VIII light chain to remove the vWf-binding site eliminated the protective effects of vWf. In the absence of phospholipid, high levels of the protease inactivated both free and vWf-bound factor VIII at equivalent rates. Using the same conditions, isolated heavy chains and the heavy chains of factor VIII were proteolyzed at similar rates. Taken together, these results suggested that, in the absence of phospholipid, inactivation of factor VIII is independent of factor VIII light chain and further suggest that vWf did not mask susceptible cleavage sites in the cofactor. Solution studies employing fluorescence energy transfer using coumarin-labeled factor VIII (fluorescence donor) and synthetic phospholipid vesicles labeled with octadecyl rhodamine (fluorescence acceptor) indicated saturable binding and equivalent extents of donor fluorescence quenching for factor VIII alone or when complexed with SPIII-T4. However, complexing of factor VIII with either vWf or SPIII eliminated its binding to the phospholipid. Since a phospholipid surface is required for efficient catalysis by the protease, these results suggest that vWf protects factor VIII by inhibiting cofactor-phospholipid interactions.
The Role of PPARγ in Cardiovascular Diseases (2016)

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) belong to the nuclear superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. PPARgamma acts as a nutrient sensor that regulates several homeostatic functions. Its disruption can lead to vascular pathologies, disorders of fatty acid/lipid metabolism and insulin resistance. PPARgamma can modulate several signaling pathways connected with blood pressure regulation. Firstly, it affects the insulin signaling pathway and endothelial dysfunction by modulation of expression and/or phosphorylation of signaling molecules through the PI3K/Akt/eNOS or MAPK/ET-1 pathways. Secondly, it can modulate gene expression of the renin- angiotensin system - cascade proteins, which potentially slow down the progression of atherosclerosis and hypertension. Thirdly, it can modulate oxidative stress response either directly through PPAR or indirectly through Nrf2 activation. In this context, activation and functioning of PPARgamma is very important in the regulation of several disorders such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and/or metabolic syndrome.
Targeted insertion of a variable region gene into the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus (1993)

A mutant mouse strain has been generated in which a rearranged immunoglobulin heavy (H) chain variable (V) region gene is placed into the heavy chain locus in its natural position, replacing the JH elements. In homozygous mutant mice, essentially all B cells in the spleen express the transgenic VH region in their antibodies. The proper location of the transgene relative to the constant region genes allows it to participate in isotype switching and undergo somatic hypermutation. Immunoglobulin transgenic mice generated in this fashion by gene targeting should prove useful for the exploration of immunoregulatory mechanisms.
Immunization of calves against enterotoxigenic colibacillosis by vaccinating dams with purified K99 antigen and whole cell bacterins (1979)

Pregnant cattle were either vaccinated subcutaneously with (i) a suspension of purified Escherichia coli K99 pili, (ii) a Formalin-killed whole cell bacterin containing enterotoxigenic E. coli strain B44 (O9:K30;K99:H-), or (iii) a bacterin containing six different strains of bovine enterotoxigenic E. coli (multiple-strain bacterin), or were left as nonvaccinated controls. After birth, calves were allowed to nurse their dams and, at 12 to 14 h of age, were challenged orally with 10(11) cells of enterotoxigenic E. coli strain B44. Colostral antibody titers were determined against K99, K30, and O9 antigens of B44. In the nonvaccinated control group, 9 of 10 calves developed diarrhea and died within 24 to 72 h. Similarly, all six calves in the multiple-strain bacterin group developed diarrhea and four died. In contrast to calves in the two groups mentioned above, calves nursing cows vaccinated with either purified K99 or the homologous whole cell bacterin were protected against fatal diarrhea. There was a highly significant correlation (P less than 0.0005) between protection against fatal diarrhea and K99, but not K30 or O9 colostral antibody titers. Vaccination of cows with either purified pili or whole cell preparations containing sufficient K99 antigen may provide a means of preventing enterotoxigenic colibacillosis in calves.
The Epidemiology and Management of Seedborne Bacterial Diseases (2007)

Although seed production has been moved to semiarid regions to escape seedborne pathogens, seedborne bacterial diseases continue to be problematic and cause significant economic losses worldwide. Infested seeds are responsible for the re-emergence of diseases of the past, movement of pathogens across international borders, or the introduction of diseases into new areas. Considerable attention has been paid to improving the sensitivity and selectivity of seed health assays by using techniques such as flow cytometry and the polymerase chain reaction. There has also been progress in understanding infection thresholds and how they influence seed sample size determination and ultimately the reliability of seed health testing. Disease development and dissemination of pathogens from contaminated seedlots can be predicted using formulas that take into account inoculum density and environmental pressures. In general, seeds infested with bacterial pathogens are distributed within a Poisson distribution. In a subset of contaminated seeds, bacteria are distributed in non-Gaussian distributions, e.g., a lognormal distribution.
Error Detecting and Error Correcting Codes (1950)

The author was led to the study given in this paper from a consideration of large scale computing machines in which a large number of operations must be performed without a single error in the end result. This problem of “doing things right” on a large scale is not essentially new; in a telephone central office, for example, a very large number of operations are performed while the errors leading to wrong numbers are kept well under control, though they have not been completely eliminated. This has been achieved, in part, through the use of self-checking circuits. The occasional failure that escapes routine checking is still detected by the customer and will, if it persists, result in customer complaint, while if it is transient it will produce only occasional wrong numbers. At the same time the rest of the central office functions satisfactorily. In a digital computer, on the other hand, a single failure usually means the complete failure, in the sense that if it is detected no more computing can be done until the failure is located and corrected, while if it escapes detection then it invalidates all subsequent operations of the machine. Put in other words, in a telephone central office there are a number of parallel paths which are more or less independent of each other; in a digital machine there is usually a single long path which passes through the same piece of equipment many, many times before the answer is obtained.
The Non-geek's Guide to the DAE Platform (2012)

The Document Analysis and Exploitation platform is a sophisticated technical environment that consists of a repository containing document images, implementations of document analysis algorithms, and the results of these algorithms when applied to data in the repository. The use of a web services model makes it possible to set up document analysis pipelines that form the basis for reproducible protocols. Since the platform keeps track of all intermediate results, it becomes an information resource for the analysis of experimental data. This paper provides a tutorial on how to get started using the platform. It covers the technical details needed to overcome the initial hurdles and have a productive experience with DAE.
Effectiveness of ketamine in depressed patients resistant to ECT or rTMS therapy. (2014)

Our findings do not support the use of ketamine infusions as the monotherapy in the subgroup of patients with multimodal treatment resistant depression.
Pentacyclic Triterpene Distribution in Various Plants – Rich Sources for a New Group of Multi-Potent Plant Extracts (2009)

Pentacyclic triterpenes are secondary plant metabolites widespread in fruit peel, leaves and stem bark. In particular the lupane-, oleanane-, and ursane triterpenes display various pharmacological effects while being devoid of prominent toxicity. Therefore, these triterpenes are promising leading compounds for the development of new multi-targeting bioactive agents. Screening of 39 plant materials identified triterpene rich (> 0.1% dry matter) plant parts. Plant materials with high triterpene concentrations were then used to obtain dry extracts by accelerated solvent extraction resulting in a triterpene content of 50 - 90%. Depending on the plant material, betulin (birch bark), betulinic acid (plane bark), oleanolic acid (olive leaves, olive pomace, mistletoe sprouts, clove flowers), ursolic acid (apple pomace) or an equal mixture of the three triterpene acids (rosemary leaves) are the main components of these dry extracts. They are quantitatively characterised plant extracts supplying a high concentration of actives and therefore can be used for development of phytopharmaceutical formulations.
Biological Activities of Pyrrolidinoindoline Alkaloids fromCalycodendron milnei (1995)

Certain genera of the tribe Psychotrieae, specifically Calycodendron and Psychotria, found on Pacific Islands, synthesize a series of Nb-methyltryptamine-derived alkaloids made by linking together 2 to 8 pyrrolidinoindoline units. Nine alkaloids of this class have been isolated from the aerial parts and stem bark of Calycodendron milnei, a species endemic to the Vaté Islands (New Hebrides), and examined for potential application as anti-cancer and anti-infective agents. All members of the series exhibited readily detected cytotoxic activity against proliferating and non-proliferating Vero African green monkey kidney cells in culture, with the most potent activity being exhibited by vatamine and quadrigemine C. Only hodgkinsine A exhibited substantial antiviral activity against a DNA virus, herpes simplex type 1, and an RNA virus, vesicular stomatitis virus. All members of the series showed readily detected anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-candidal activities using both tube dilution and disc diffusion assay methods. The most potent anti-microbial alkaloids were hodgkinsine A and quadrigemine C, which exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values as low as 5 micrograms/ml.
Personalizing the Web using site descriptions (1999)

The information overload on the Web has created a great need for efficient filtering mechanisms. Many sites (e.g., CNN and Quicken) address this problem by allowing a user to create personalized pages that contain only information that is of interest to the user. We propose a new approach for personalization that improves on existing services in three significant ways: the user can create personalized pages with information from any site (without being restricted to sites that offer personalization), personalized pages may contain information from multiple Web sites (e.g., a user can create a personalized page that contains not only news categories from her favorite news sources, but also information about the prices of all stocks whose names appear in the headlines of selected news, and weather information for a particular city); and users have more privacy since they are not required to sign up for the service. In order to build a personalization service that is general and easy to maintain, we make use of site descriptions that facilitate access to the data stored in and generated by Web sites. Site descriptions encode information about the contents, structure, and services offered by a Web site, and they can be created semi-automatically.
Sickle erythrocytes, after sickling, regulate the expression of the endothelin-1 gene and protein in human endothelial cells in culture. (1995)

The molecular defect in sickle cell disease resides in the beta globin gene, with consequent defects in erythrocytes only, suggesting that the vascular occlusion and vasomotor instability which characterize this disease are the result of interactions between abnormal sickle erythrocytes and cells of the blood vessel wall. We explored whether sickle erythrocytes may have effects on vascular tone, exclusive of adhesion events. Exposure of human endothelial cells in culture to previously sickled sickle erythrocytes resulted in a four to eight-fold transcriptional induction of the gene encoding the potent vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 (ET-1). Unsickled sickle erythrocytes or normal erythrocytes exposed to "sickling" conditions had no effect on ET-1 gene induction. Contact of the sickled erythrocytes with the endothelium was not required. Elevations in the ET-1 transcript peaked at 3 h after exposure and persisted for up to 24 h. Four to sixfold increases in the amount of ET-1 peptide was released into the medium surrounding the endothelial cells after exposure to sickled sickle erythrocytes. This is the first demonstration of the regulation of gene expression in endothelial cells as a result of interaction with sickle cells, with induction of genes encoding vasoconstrictors. Furthermore, these findings suggest that sickle erythrocytes may have the capacity to affect local vasomotor tone directly.
Noncovalent Nonspecific Functionalization and Solubilization of Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes at High Concentrations with a Hyperbranched Polyethylene (2009)

Abstract A hyperbranched polyethylene (HBPE) is employed herein for noncovalent nonspecific functionalization and solubilization of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in organic solvents. Though constructed solely from ethylene without any specific functionality, this unique hyperbranched polymer has been found to effectively solubilize MWCNTs at surprisingly high concentrations (up to 1 235 mg · L −1 ) in organic solvents such as chloroform and THF. These solubilities are comparable to and even better than the reported best values obtained through noncovalent specific functionalization with conjugated polymers capable of forming specific π ‐ π interaction with nanotubes in organic solvents. TEM and XRD results confirm that the nanotubes are completely exfoliated and debundled/de‐entangled upon functionalization with HBPE. magnified image
Investigation of ZnS Passivated InP Nanocrystals by XPS (2001)

ZnS passivated InP nanoparticles prepared by the TOP/TOPO method have been investigated by photoelectron spectroscopy with tunable synchrotron radiation. Based on the energy dependence of the electron escape depth, we present a method to characterize the core−shell nature of the sample structure. Energy tuning indicates that In is confined to the core of the particles while Zn is located in a surrounding shell. Computer simulation allows us to quantify these results and to extract average layer thicknesses.
Paramagnetic Liposomes as Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents (1998)

The present study has demonstrated the influence of key liposomal physicochemical properties on the liver uptake and contrast efficacy of liposome-encapsulated Gd chelates, exemplified by Gd-HP-DO3A.
mTOR signalling pathway - A root cause for idiopathic autism? (2019)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental monogenic disorder with a strong genetic influence. Idiopathic autism could be defined as a type of autism that does not have a specific causative agent. Among signalling cascades, mTOR signalling pathway plays a pivotal role not only in cell cycle, but also in protein synthesis and regulation of brain homeostasis in ASD patients. The present review highlights, underlying mechanism of mTOR and its role in altered signalling cascades as a triggering factor in the onset of idiopathic autism. Further, this review discusses how distorted mTOR signalling pathway stimulates truncated translation in neuronal cells and leads to downregulation of protein synthesis at dendritic spines of the brain. This review concludes by suggesting downstream regulators such as p70S6K, eIF4B, eIF4E of mTOR signalling pathway as promising therapeutic targets for idiopathic autistic individuals. [BMB Reports 2019; 52(7): 424-433].
Cell-laden microfluidic microgels for tissue regeneration (2016)

Regeneration of diseased tissue is one of the foremost concerns for millions of patients who suffer from tissue damage each year. Local delivery of cell-laden hydrogels offers an attractive approach for tissue repair. However, due to the typical macroscopic size of these cell constructs, the encapsulated cells often suffer from poor nutrient exchange. These issues can be mitigated by incorporating cells into microscopic hydrogels, or microgels, whose large surface-to-volume ratio promotes efficient mass transport and enhanced cell-matrix interactions. Using microfluidic technology, monodisperse cell-laden microgels with tunable sizes can be generated in a high-throughput manner, making them useful building blocks that can be assembled into tissue constructs with spatially controlled physicochemical properties. In this review, we examine microfluidics-generated cell-laden microgels for tissue regeneration applications. We provide a brief overview of the common biomaterials, gelation mechanisms, and microfluidic device designs that are used to generate these microgels, and summarize the most recent works on how they are applied to tissue regeneration. Finally, we discuss future applications of microfluidic cell-laden microgels as well as existing challenges that should be resolved to stimulate their clinical application.
BDNF protects the neonatal brain from hypoxic-ischemic injury in vivo via the ERK pathway. (2000)

Neurotrophins activate several different intracellular signaling pathways that in some way exert neuroprotective effects. In vitro studies of sympathetic and cerebellar granule neurons have demonstrated that the survival effects of neurotrophins can be mediated via activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) pathway. Neurotrophin-mediated protection of other neuronal types in vitro can be mediated via the extracellular signal-related protein kinase (ERK) pathway. Whether either of these pathways contributes to the neuroprotective effects of neurotrophins in the brain in vivo has not been determined. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is markedly neuroprotective against neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (H-I) brain injury in vivo. We assessed the role of the ERK and PI3-kinase pathways in neonatal H-I brain injury in the presence and absence of BDNF. Intracerebroventricular administration of BDNF to postnatal day 7 rats resulted in phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and the PI3-kinase substrate AKT within minutes. Effects were greater on ERK activation and occurred in neurons. Pharmacological inhibition of ERK, but not the PI3-kinase pathway, inhibited the ability of BDNF to block H-I-induced caspase-3 activation and tissue loss. These findings suggest that neuronal ERK activation in the neonatal brain mediates neuroprotection against H-I brain injury, a model of cerebral palsy.
Polymer light-emitting devices: promises, prospects-and problems (2002)

Summary form only given. Light-emitting devices made from conducting polymers offer attractive advantages. These include the fabrication of uniform areas of light on flexible substrates, with a variety of colours, using thin films of semiconducting and luminescent polymers cast from solution. The status of the science and technology will be summarized with emphasis on recent progress using two different device configurations: tunneling injection light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs). The latter is a new device configuration for light emission film electroactive polymers. In these LECs, a p-n junction diode is created in-situ through simultaneous p-type and n-type electrochemical doping on opposite sides, respectively, of a film of conjugated polymer which contains added electrolyte to provide the necessary counterions for doping. LECs have been fabricated which operate by the proposed electrochemical oxidation-reduction mechanism; blue, green and orange emission are obtained with turn-on voltage close to the bandgap of the emissive material.