gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A fully electrical startup batteryless boost converter with 50mV input voltage for thermoelectric energy harvesting (2012)

A fully electrical startup boost converter is presented in this paper. With a three-stage stepping-up architecture, the proposed circuit is capable of performing thermoelectric energy harvesting at an input voltage as low as 50 mV. Due to the zero-current-switching (ZCS) operation of the boost converter and automatic shutdown of the low-voltage starter and the auxiliary converter, conversion efficiency up to 73% is demonstrated. The boost converter does not require bulky transformers or mechanical switches for kick-start, making it very attractive for body area sensor network applications.
Targeting pancreatic and ovarian carcinomas using the auristatin-based anti-CD70 antibody–drug conjugate SGN-75 (2010)

Development of murine mAbs for robust and extensive screening of FFPE samples coupled with the detection of anti-tumour activity in novel indications provide rationale for expanding the application of SGN-75 for the treatment of multiple CD70 expressing cancers.
Intra-articular Radiation Synovectomy (1984)

Fifty-three knees in 44 patients with severe, chronic rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were treated by the instillation of an intra-articular radionuclide (dysprosium-165; 165Dy) coupled with a large, relatively inert carrier (ferric hydroxide macroaggregate). The extremely low leakage rates found in earlier animal experiments were confirmed in the human, with a mean leakage rate of 0.3% of the injected dose. This leakage corresponds to a total body dose of 0.4 rad and a liver dose of 2.5 rad, equivalent to a lumbosacral series of diagnostic radiographs. Eighty percent of the treated knees showed improvement, which was maintained as long as one year after treatment. There was a direct correlation between the preoperative radiographic stage and the response to treatment, with patients in Stages I and II more likely to have a good or excellent response at one year. There was also good correlation between clinical improvement and improvement in technetium-99m (99mTc)-pertechnetate flow scintigraphy. Chemical synovectomy by the instillation of appropriate radionuclides can be recommended as an effective means of reducing inflammation, effusion, and pain in patients with RA. The duration of favorable results cannot be predicted, but the results to date suggest that longevity should be comparable with that of surgical synovectomy. Like surgical synovectomy, radiation synovectomy is most effective in the early stages of the disease process, before there is extensive destruction of cartilage and bone.
Riluzole Series. Synthesis and in Vivo “Antiglutamate” Activity of 6-Substituted-2-benzothiazolamines and 3-Substituted-2-imino-benzothiazolines (1999)

Two series of analogues of riluzole, a blocker of excitatory amino acid mediated neurotransmission, have been synthesized: monosubstituted 2-benzothiazolamines and 3-substituted derivatives. Of all the compounds prepared in the first series, only 2-benzothiazolamines bearing alkyl, polyfluoroalkyl, or polyfluoroalkoxy substituents in the 6-position showed potent anticonvulsant activity against administration of glutamic acid in rats. The most active compounds displaying in vivo "antiglutamate" activity were the 6-OCF(3) (riluzole), 6-OCF(2)CF(3), 6-CF(3), and 6-CF(2)CF(3) substituted derivatives with ED(50) values between 2.5 and 3.2 mg/kg i.p. Among the second series of variously substituted benzothiazolines, compounds as active as riluzole or up to 3 times more potent were identified in two series: benzothiazolines bearing a beta-dialkylaminoethyl moiety and compounds with an alkylthioalkyl chain and their corresponding sulfoxides and sulfones. The most potent derivatives were 2-imino-3-(2-methylthio)- and 2-imino-3-(2-methylsulfinyl)-ethyl-6-trifluoromethoxybenzothiazolines (61 and 64, ED(50) = 1.0 and 1.1 mg/kg i.p., respectively). In addition, intraperitoneal administration of some of the best benzothiazolines protected mice from mortality produced by hypobaric hypoxia.
Cell-free assembly of the herpes simplex virus capsid (1994)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) capsids were found to assemble spontaneously in a cell-free system consisting of extracts prepared from insect cells that had been infected with recombinant baculoviruses coding for HSV-1 capsid proteins. The capsids formed in this system resembled native HSV-1 capsids in morphology as judged by electron microscopy, in sedimentation rate on sucrose density gradients, in protein composition, and in their ability to react with antibodies specific for the HSV-1 major capsid protein, VP5. Optimal capsid assembly required the presence of extracts containing capsid proteins VP5, VP19, VP23, VP22a, and the maturational protease (product of the UL26 gene). Assembly was more efficient at 27 degrees C than at 4 degrees C. The availability of a cell-free assay for HSV-1 capsid formation will be of help in identifying the morphogenetic steps that occur during capsid assembly in vivo and in evaluating candidate antiherpes therapeutics directed at capsid assembly.
Novel pluripotential neural progenitor lines exhibiting rapid controlled differentiation to neurotransmitter receptor‐expressing neurons and glia (1998)

The immortalization of progenitor cells from embryonic murine hippocampus using oncogene-carrying retroviral vectors is described. Use of a vector encoding the oncogene v-myc results in lines of nestin-positive progenitor cells. Limited differentiation ensues if the cells are cultured in the presence of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate. In contrast, use of a vector in which the extracellular portion of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor is fused to the neu tyrosine kinase generates lines of pluripotential nestin-positive progenitor cells, which differentiate upon withdrawal of EGF into neurons and glia. Differentiated neurons expressing action potentials and neurotransmitter receptors make up a high proportion of the cells. These cell lines are useful tools to investigate the characteristics of differentiating neurons and glia, as well as to screen neuroactive drugs. This work has been reported in preliminary form as an abstract (1996 Society for Neuroscience Abstract, #606.20, p. 1537).
Identification of a novel telomerase repressor that interacts with the human papillomavirus type-16 E6/E6-AP complex (2004)

The critical immortalizing activity of the human papillomavirus (HPV) type-16 E6 oncoprotein is to induce expression of hTERT, the catalytic and rate-limiting subunit of telomerase. Additionally, E6 binds to a cellular protein called E6-associated protein (E6-AP) to form an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets p53 for proteasome-dependent degradation. Although telomerase induction and p53 degradation are separable and distinct functions of E6, binding of E6 to E6-AP strongly correlated with the induction of hTERT. Here, we demonstrate using shRNAs to reduce E6-AP expression that E6-AP is required for E6-mediated telomerase induction. A yeast two-hybrid screen to find new targets of the E6/E6-AP E3 ubiquitin ligase complex identified NFX1. Two isoforms of NFX1 were found: NFX1-123, which coactivated with c-Myc at the hTERT promoter, and NFX1-91, which repressed the hTERT promoter. NFX1-91 was highly ubiquitinated and destabilized in epithelial cells expressing E6. Furthermore, knockdown of NFX1-91 by shRNA resulted in derepression of the endogenous hTERT promoter and elevated levels of telomerase activity. We propose that the induction of telomerase by the HPV-16 E6/E6-AP complex involves targeting of NFX1-91, a newly identified repressor of telomerase, for ubiquitination and degradation.
Inverse relationship between GLUT-4 phosphorylation and its intrinsic activity. (1993)

In this study, we examined the effect of phosphorylation on GLUT-4 function in isolated rat adipocytes. Adipocytes labeled with 32P for 2 h were incubated with parathyroid hormone (PTH) (20 ng/ml) for 60 min and then exposed to insulin (25 ng/ml) for an additional 30 min. 32P-GLUT-4 was immunoprecipitated from the plasma membrane and low density microsomal fractions, and its degree of phosphorylation was determined by autoradiography and densitometry. Results were expressed as 32P-GLUT-4 specific activity (phosphorylation/unit of protein). GLUT-4 intrinsic activity was measured using [14C]2-deoxyglucose uptake in plasma membrane vesicles. PTH significantly increased GLUT-4 phosphorylation and eliminated the insulin-stimulated dephosphorylation of GLUT-4. Western blotting revealed normal distribution of GLUT-4 before and after insulin stimulation in control and PTH-treated cells, suggesting that phosphorylation of GLUT-4 does not interfere with its recruitment to the plasma membrane. In contrast, intrinsic activity of phosphorylated GLUT-4 was significantly reduced (p < 0.01). Preincubation of adipocytes with calcium channel blocker (nitrendipine) and cyclic AMP antagonist (RpcAMP) restored GLUT-4 intrinsic activity in the PTH-treated cells. In several experiments, GLUT-4 was phosphorylated in vitro in plasma membrane vesicles isolated from normal adipocytes exposed to insulin. This in vitro phosphorylation reduced GLUT-4 intrinsic activity by approximately 35% (p < 0.01). We conclude that phosphorylation of GLUT-4 significantly impairs the ability of insulin to stimulate its intrinsic activity.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-based nonlinear optics (2003)

Highly purified deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was isolated from salmon and scallop sperm by an enzymatic isolation process. Characterization of the optical and electromagnetic properties of DNA suggested suitability for optical waveguide applications. One of the characteristic features of DNA we discovered was an intercalation of aromatic compounds into stacked layers within the double helix of DNA molecules. We found that various optical dyes inserted into the double helix of DNA molecules render optical waveguide films of dye-intercalated DNA suitable for active photonic devices. Our investigation includes intercalation of fluorescent dyes, photochromic dyes, nonlinear optic chromophores, two photon dyes and rare earth compounds into DNA comparing results with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) based materials.
An Insertion in the Human Thyrotropin Receptor Critical for High Affinity Hormone Binding (1990)

Thyrotropin (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and chorionic gonadotropin (CG) are structurally related glycoprotein hormones, which bind to receptors that share a high degree of sequence similarity. However, comparison of the primary amino acid sequences of the TSH and LH-CG receptors reveals two unique insertions of 8 and 50 amino acids in the extracellular domain of the TSH receptor. The functional significance of these insertions were determined by site-directed mutagenesis. Deletion of the 50-amino acid tract (residues 317 to 366) had no effect on TSH binding or on TSH and thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) biological activities. In contrast, either deletion or substitution of the eight-amino acid region (residues 38 to 45) abolished these activities. This eight-amino acid tract near the amino terminus of the TSH receptor appears to be an important site of interaction for both TSH and TSI.
Viral vector-targeted antiangiogenic gene therapy utilizing an angiostatin complementary DNA. (1998)

Despite recent advances in neurosurgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, the prognosis of patients with malignant gliomas remains dismal. Based on the observation that solid tumor growth is angiogenic dependent, and gliomas are among the most angiogenic of all tumors, therapeutic strategies aimed at inhibiting angiogenesis are theoretically attractive. Angiostatin, an internal peptide fragment of plasminogen, has recently been shown to potently inhibit endothelial proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Long-term systemic delivery of proteins, however, poses a number of difficult logistic and pharmacological problems and may not be necessary or optimal for treating locally aggressive tumors such as gliomas. We now demonstrate that retroviral and adenoviral vectors that transduce the angiostatin cDNA can be used to inhibit endothelial cell growth in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo. Vector-mediated inhibition of tumor-associated angiogenesis results in increased apoptotic tumor cell death, leading to inhibition of tumor growth. These studies support a potential role of vector-mediated transduction of the cDNA encoding angiostatin as a potential novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of malignant brain tumors and confirm the antitumor activity of angiostatin and the concept of dormancy therapy.
Nomenclature for liquid-liquid distribution (solvent extraction) (IUPAC Recommendations 1993) (1993)

Abstract
Precise interprocedural chopping (1995)

article Precise interprocedural chopping Share on Authors: Thomas Reps Computer Sciences Department, Univ. of Wisconsin, 1210 W. Dayton St., Madison, WI Computer Sciences Department, Univ. of Wisconsin, 1210 W. Dayton St., Madison, WIView Profile , Genevieve Rosay Computer Sciences Department, Univ. of Wisconsin, 1210 W. Dayton St., Madison, WI Computer Sciences Department, Univ. of Wisconsin, 1210 W. Dayton St., Madison, WIView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering NotesVolume 20Issue 4Oct. 1995 pp 41–52https://doi.org/10.1145/222132.222138Online:01 October 1995Publication History 84citation549DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations84Total Downloads549Last 12 Months6Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Update in Cystic Fibrosis 2005 (2006)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a complex, hereditary disease involving several organ systems (1).CF is caused by mutations in the gene that codes for the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a membrane glycoprotein that contributes to regulation of ion flux at certain epithelial surfaces.Lung disease results in most of the morbidity and mortality in CF.Advances in CF over the past several decades have recently been reviewed with an emphasis on the development and importance of CF care centers and on opportunities for new treatments (2).The many threads of CF research in 2005 can be appreciated in Figure 1, showing the general headings (1 ) Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genetics, (2 ) Pathophysiology, and (3 ) Clinical Care and Treatment, along with several subheadings.This brief update reviews representative, significant articles in 2005.
Towards a rational development of anti‐endotoxin agents: novel approaches to sequestration of bacterial endotoxins with small molecules (2001)

Endotoxins, or lipopolysaccharides (LPS), present on the surface of Gram-negative bacteria, play a key role in the pathogenesis of septic shock, a common clinical problem and a leading cause of mortality in critically ill patients, for which no specific therapeutic modalities are available at the present time. The toxic moiety of LPS is a glycolipid called 'lipid A', which is composed of a bisphosphorylated diglucosamine backbone bearing up to seven acyl chains in ester and amide linkages. Lipid A is structurally highly conserved in Gram-negative bacteria, and is therefore an attractive target for developing anti-endotoxin molecules designed to sequester, and thereby neutralize, the deleterious effects of endotoxins. The anionic and amphipathic nature of lipid A enables the interaction of a wide variety of cationic amphiphiles with the toxin. This review describes the systematic evaluation of several structural classes of cationic amphiphiles, both peptides and non-peptidic small molecules, in the broader context of recent efforts aimed at developing novel anti-endotoxin strategies. The derivation of a pharmacophore for LPS recognition has led to the identification of novel, nontoxic, structurally simple small molecules, the lipopolyamines. The lipopolyamines bind and neutralize LPS in in vitro experiments as well as in animal models of endotoxicity, and thus present novel and exciting leads for rational, structure-based development of LPS-sequestering agents of potential clinical value.
Murine Cytomegalovirus Abortively Infects Human Dendritic Cells, Leading to Expression and Presentation of Virally Vectored Genes (2003)

Dendritic cells (DC) are potent antigen-presenting cells that play a crucial role in antigen-specific immune responses. Thus, the targeting of exogenous antigens to DC has become a popular approach for cancer immunotherapy and vaccine development. In this report, we studied the interplay between murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) and human monocyte-derived DC. The results showed that an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-encoding, replication-competent MCMV vector underwent abortive infection in human DC; this was accompanied by the efficient expression of EGFP. Infection of human DC by this vector resulted in a modest increase in the expression of cell surface proteins associated with DC maturation and has no significant effect on the immunostimulatory function of the cells, as reflected by their ability to support T-cell proliferation in a mixed-lymphocyte reaction. Finally, an MCMV vector encoding the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 envelope glycoprotein was constructed and used to infect cultured human DC. The infected DC were shown to be capable of stimulating the expansion of autologous, gp120-specific, class I-restricted T lymphocytes from an HIV-1-negative donor, as determined by tetramer staining and enzyme-linked immunospot analysis. Taken together, these results suggest that MCMV may have potential utility as a vector for human vaccine development.
Forward Voltage—Current Characteristics of Metal—Silicon Schottky Barriers (1967)

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Development and Application of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Antibody Based on ErnsGlycoprotein Expressed in a Baculovirus System (2007)

The BVDV envelope glycoprotein E(rns)/gp48 and the C terminal 79 amino acids of the capsid protein coding region were expressed in a baculovirus system and antigenically characterized. Western blot assay was used to detect recombinant E(rns) (r-E(rns)) in infected insect cells using specific monoclonal antibodies. The r-E(rns) was then used in an indirect ELISA to detect BVDV specific antibodies in a panel of 540 well-characterized sera. Results of the r-E(rns) ELISA were compared to those obtained with a commercially available competitive ELISA targeting anti-NS2/3 antibodies. A good correlation was observed between the 2 ELISA (kappa = 0.916, 95% C.I.: 0.876, 0.956). Using the commercial NS2/3 ELISA as the reference test, the relative sensitivity of r-E(rns) ELISA was 97.5% (95% C.I.: 94.3%, 99.1%) and the relative specificity was 93.9% (95% C.I.: 89.4%, 96.9%), while relative specificity was 100% (95% C.I.: 97%, 100%) using true negative sera (derived from a negative herd). All but 1 antigen positive animals (n = 36) tested negative in the r-E(rns) ELISA; among them all 22 confirmed PI animals were negative by r-E(rns) ELISA. The ability of r-E(rns) ELISA to identify cattle immunized with inactivated vaccine was also demonstrated in a small group of cattle, compared to an NS2/3 antibody ELISA. Results suggest that r-E(rns) ELISA represents an alternative test for antibody generated by natural infection or BVDV vaccination.
Response of hypercholesterolemic subjects to administration of tocotrienols (1995)

The cholesterol-suppressive actions of Palmvitee and gamma-tocotrienol were assessed in hypercholesterolemic subjects after acclimation to the American Heart Association Step 1 dietary regimen for four and eight weeks, respectively. The four-week dietary regimen alone elicited a 5% decrease (P < 0.05) in the cholesterol level of the 36 subjects. Subjects continuing on the dietary regimen for a second four-week period experienced an additional 2% decrease in their cholesterol levels. Dietary assessments based on unanticipated recalls of 24-h food intake records suggest that significant reductions in energy and fat, predominantly in saturated fat, intakes are responsible. The subjects experienced significant Palmvitee- and gamma-tocotrienol-mediated decreases in cholesterol. The group of subjects acclimated to the dietary regimen for four weeks responded to Palmvitee (a blend of tocols providing 40 mg alpha-tocopherol, 48 mg alpha-tocotrienol, 112 mg gamma-tocotrienol, and 60 mg delta-to-cotrienol/day for four weeks) with a 10% decrease in cholesterol (P < 0.05). Dietary assessments showed no further change in energy and fat intakes. alpha-Tocopherol attenuated the cholesterol-suppressive action of the tocotrienols. The second group of subjects, acclimated to the dietary regimen for eight weeks, received 200 mg gamma-tocotrienol/d for four weeks. The cholesterol-suppressive potency of this alpha-tocopherol-free preparation was calculated to be equivalent to that of the mixture of tocotrienols (220 mg) used in the prior study. Cholesterol levels of the 16 subjects in the second group decreased 13% (P < 0.05) during the four-week trial. Plasma apolipoprotein B and ex vivo generation of thromboxane B2 were similarly responsive to the tocotrienol preparations, whereas neither preparation had an impact on high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-1 levels.
Barley BLZ2, a Seed-specific bZIP Protein That Interacts with BLZ1 in Vivo and Activates Transcription from the GCN4-like motif of B-hordein Promoters in Barley Endosperm (1999)

A barley endosperm cDNA, encoding a DNA-binding protein of the bZIP class of transcription factors, BLZ2, has been characterized. The Blz2 mRNA expression is restricted to the endosperm, where it precedes that of the hordein genes. BLZ2, expressed in bacteria, binds specifically to the GCN4-like motif (GLM; 5'-GTGAGTCAT-3') in a 43-base pair oligonucleotide derived from the promoter region of a Hor-2 gene (B1-hordein). This oligonucleotide also includes the prolamin box (PB; 5'-TGTAAAG-3'). Binding by BLZ2 is prevented when the GLM is mutated to 5'-GTGctTCtc-3' but not when mutations affect the PB. The BLZ2 protein is a potent transcriptional activator in a yeast two-hybrid system where it dimerizes with BLZ1, a barley bZIP protein encoded by the ubiquitously expressed Blz1 gene. Transient expression experiments in co-bombarded developing barley endosperms demonstrate that BLZ2 transactivates transcription from the GLM of the Hor-2 gene promoter and that this activation is also partially dependent on the presence of an intact PB. A drastic decrease in GUS activity is observed in co-bombarded barley endosperms when using as effectors equimolar mixtures of Blz2 and Blz1 in antisense constructs. These results strongly implicate the endosperm-specific BLZ2 protein from barley, either as a homodimer or as a heterodimer with BLZ1, as an important transcriptional activator of seed storage protein genes containing the GLM in their promoters.