gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tracking Complex Modulation Waveforms - How to Avoid Receiver Bias (2006)

Analysis of the open service modulation waveforms proposed for the Galileo signal on L1 shows that the combined binary coded symbol (BCS) and BOC(1,1) waveforms, as proposed at GNSS ION 2005, may induce tracking bias in a receiver designed to receive only the BOC(1,1) waveform. Navigation using a mixed constellation of modernised GPS satellite broadcasting a BOC(1,1) component and Galileo with one of the possible additive mixtures of BCS and BOC(1,1) - would lead to potential location errors if no corrective measures are taken. The bias depends upon the correlator spacing in the code tracking detector. There are several ways to calibrate the bias. One of these uses a stored table of corrections for use with Galileo signals whose entries depend upon the receiver parameters. Another method uses additional satellite signals and establishes a filter state in a Kalman navigation processor. In this case, the presence of multi-path propagation makes such calibration difficult for users with a finite observation time. An alternative solution uses phase alternation of the BCS component at the chip rate to eliminate the measurement bias for correlator spacings smaller than 0.4 chips. The trend is indeed to use smaller and smaller correlator spacings in the near future. The paper illustrates the tracking bias with examples from the current Galileo signal proposals. The paper establishes an effective method of removing or avoiding the bias corresponding to changes in the satellite signal. We show that the tracking bias is sensitive to the choice of the BCS waveform and to its use in a receiver adapted for BOC(1,1) reception. The main contribution of the paper is to show that there are BCS sequences which lead to bias-free pseudo-range estimates through appropriate design rules. These belong to a set known as anti-symmetric sequences. The resulting set of allowed BCS sequences is very limited in number. There are none of sequence length 10, as proposed originally for Galileo. The spectral properties of the best sequence is shown. There are consequential changes to the performance of the composite spreading symbol sequences in the presence of multi- path propagation and these effects are also shown and may be compared to previous Galileo signal proposals.
Mechanisms limiting the coherence time of spontaneous magnetic oscillations driven by dc spin-polarized currents (2005)

The spin-transfer torque from a dc spin-polarized current can generate highly coherent magnetic precession in nanoscale magnetic-multilayer devices. By measuring linewidths of spectra from the resulting resistance oscillations, we argue that the coherence time can be limited at low temperature by thermal deflections about the equilibrium magnetic trajectory and at high temperature by thermally activated transitions between dynamical modes. Surprisingly, the coherence time can be longer than predicted by simple macrospin simulations.
Gap Domains Responsible for Ras P21-Dependent Inhibition of Muscarinic Atrial K + Channel Currents (1992)

The interaction between the low molecular weight G protein ras p21 and a guanosine triphosphatase activating protein (GAP) uncouples a heterotrimeric G protein (Gk) from muscarinic receptors. Through the use of isolated atrial cell membranes and genetically engineered GAP deletion mutants, the src homology regions (SH2-SH3) at the amino terminus of GAP have been identified as the domains responsible for this effect. Deletion of the domain required to stimulate the guanosine triphosphatase activity of ras p21 relieves the requirement for ras p21 in this system. A model is presented that suggests that ras p21 induces a conformational change in GAP, which allows the SH2-SH3 regions of GAP to function.
Antibodies Affecting Ion Channel Function in Acquired Neuromyotonia, in Seropositive and Seronegative Myasthenia Gravis, and in Antibody‐mediated Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita (1998)

A new autoimmune disease affecting the neuromuscular junction has been defined. Acquired neuromyotonia is associated with antibodies to voltage-gated potassium channels that act, at least in part, by reducing potassium channel function with resulting neuronal hyperactivity. This condition is quite frequently associated with thymoma and, in many cases, antibodies to acetylcholine receptors are present as well as antibodies to VGKC. Improvements in techniques and the availability of cloned DNA and recombinant forms of the AChR subunits have led to new observations concerning the specificity and roles of antibodies in myasthenia gravis. The transfection of a cell line with the epsilon subunit means that we can now accurately compare antibodies reactive with adult and fetal human AChR. This may help to determine the relationship between AChR subunit expression in different tissues and the induction of antibodies that bind specifically to the two forms, as well as to clarify the role of antibodies to fetal or adult AChR in causing ocular muscle symptoms. Serum antibodies from a few mothers with obstetric histories of recurrent arthrogryposis multiplex congenita in their babies specifically inhibit the function of fetal AChR. These observations not only explain the cause of some cases of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, but also suggest that other fetal-specific antibodies might be responsible for other fetal or neonatal conditions. An animal model has been established to enable us to investigate the role of maternal serum factors in causing such disorders. Seronegative MG has been the subject of many studies from our laboratory over the last ten years. The transience of the effects of SNMG plasmas on AChR function strongly suggests that the plasma antibodies do not bind directly to the AChR, but inhibit function by some indirect mechanism. They do not appear to act via the cAMP-dependent protein kinase pathway, and studies are in progress to investigate the involvement of other second messenger systems.
Selective and Persistent Deposition and Gradual Drainage of Iodized Oil, Lipiodol in the Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Injection into the Feeding Hepatic Artery (1988)

The selective and long-term deposition of iodized oil in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its gradual drainage were clinicopathologically analyzed in 13 cases. All patients were Japanese and had an intrahepatic arterial injection of Lipiodol (LIP) mixed with Mitomycin C. The comparison among the follow-up computerized tomography (CT) findings, the observation of the soft x-ray radiogram, and histopathologic studies of the surgical or autopsy materials revealed that the selective deposition of LIP in HCC lasted for a long term, particularly in cases treated by LIP combined with transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE). Also revealed was an extremely gradual decrease of LIP from the HCC. It was thus postulated that, mainly, the accumulated macrophages surrounding LIP around the necrotic cancer tissue and, partially, the intrahepatic lymphatic system itself contributed to this drainage. Further, in histologic sections with lipid staining, x-ray microanalysis proved that the lipid droplets in the cancer tissue included highly concentrated iodine, as a deposition of LIP.
Noradrenergic mechanisms in stress and anxiety: II. Clinical studies (1996)

Studies in animals have shown a relationship between alterations in noradrenergic brain system function and behaviors of anxiety and fear. These findings have generated the hypothesis that the symptoms seen in patients with anxiety disorders may be related to alterations in noradrenergic function. A number of clinical studies have tested this hypothesis, utilizing measures of catecholaminergic function such as heart rate and blood pressure, measurement of norepinephrine and its metabolites in urine and plasma and adrenergic receptor binding in platelets, as well as pharmacological challenge to the noradrenergic system. Acute stressors, such as public speaking, have been associated with an increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and norepinephrine and its metabolites in urine and plasma. Findings in patients with panic disorder at baseline related to heart rate, blood pressure, baseline norepinephrine and its metabolites, and platelet adrenergic receptors have been mixed, while the most consistent findings have been blunted growth hormone response to clonidine and increased 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylethylene-glucol (MHPG) and anxiety following stimulation of the noradrenergic system with yohimbine. Baseline measures of noradrenergic function in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have also been mixed, while an increased heart, blood pressure and norepinephrine response to traumatic reminders, as well as increased behavioral (as well as different brain metabolic) response to yohimbine, have been found in PTSD. There are fewer studies of noradrenergic function in the other anxiety disorders, and the findings there have not been consistent. These studies provide evidence for increased noradrenergic responsiveness in panic disorder and PTSD, although there does not appear to be an alteration in baseline noradrenergic function in these patients. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Ion pairing and reactivity of enolate anions. 5. Thermodynamics of ionization of .beta.-di- and tricarbonyl compounds in dimethyl sulfoxide solution and ion pairing of their alkali salts (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIon pairing and reactivity of enolate anions. 5. Thermodynamics of ionization of .beta.-di- and tricarbonyl compounds in dimethyl sulfoxide solution and ion pairing of their alkali saltsEdward M. Arnett, Stephen G. Maroldo, Steven L. Schilling, and John A. HarrelsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 22, 6759–6767Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00334a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00334a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1058Altmetric-Citations109LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Antibody constructs in cancer therapy (2006)

Whereas over 85% of human cancers are solid tumors, of the 8 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) currently approved for cancer therapy, 25% are directed at solid tumor surface antigens (Ags). This shortfall may be due to barriers to achieving adequate exposure in solid tumors. Advancements in tumor biology, protein engineering, and theoretical modeling of macromolecular transport are currently enabling identification of critical physical properties for antitumor Abs. It is now possible to structurally modify Abs or even replace full Abs with a plethora of Ab constructs. These constructs include Fab and Fab'(2) fragments, scFvs, multivalent scFvs (e.g., diabodies and tribodies), minibodies (e.g., scFv-CH3 dimers), bispecific Abs, and camel variable functional heavy chain domains. The purpose of the article is to provide investigators with a conceptual framework for exploiting the recent scientific advancements. The focus is on 2 properties that govern tumor exposure: 1) physical properties that enable penetration of and retention by tumors, and 2) favorable plasma pharmacokinetics. It is demonstrated that manipulating molecular size, charge, valence, and binding affinity can optimize these properties. These manipulations hold the key to promoting tumor exposure and to ultimately creating successful Ab therapies for solid tumors.
Active and intelligent sensing of road obstacles: Application to the European Eureka-PROMETHEUS project (2002)

The authors address the problem of road obstacle detection. A sensor composed of an eyesafe laser range finder coupled with a charge coupled device (CCD) camera is proposed. This sensor is mounted in front of a vehicle. The basic idea is to first determine 2-D visual targets in intensity images of the camera. The range finder is then used not only to confirm or reject the real existence of the detected visual targets but also to acquire 3-D information of the confirmed visual targets. The central problem of this strategy is the method of detection of 2-D visual targets from intensity images of a road scene. In the method, line segments are considered as significant features. The concept of a line segment of interest and the concept of a dominant line segment are used. Two-imensional visual targets can be effectively determined with the help of the identification of the dominant line segments in an image. The range finder was used to confirm or reject a 2-D visual target.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Structures of a CRISPR-Cas9 R-loop complex primed for DNA cleavage (2016)

Bacterial adaptive immunity and genome engineering involving the CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-associated (Cas) protein Cas9 begin with RNA-guided DNA unwinding to form an RNA-DNA hybrid and a displaced DNA strand inside the protein. The role of this R-loop structure in positioning each DNA strand for cleavage by the two Cas9 nuclease domains is unknown. We determine molecular structures of the catalytically active Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 R-loop that show the displaced DNA strand located near the RuvC nuclease domain active site. These protein-DNA interactions, in turn, position the HNH nuclease domain adjacent to the target DNA strand cleavage site in a conformation essential for concerted DNA cutting. Cas9 bends the DNA helix by 30°, providing the structural distortion needed for R-loop formation.
Marihuana: Studies on the Disposition and Metabolism of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Man (1970)

Delta(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol (the major active component of marihuana) administered intravenously to normal human volunteers persists in plasma for more than 3 days (t(1/2) = 56 hours). Its metabolites appear in plasma within 10 minutes after administration and persist along with the precursor compound. Delta(9)-Tetrahydrocannabinol is completely metabolized in man, and the radioactive metabolites are excreted in urine and feces for more than 8 days.
Ns Simulator Tests for Random Early Detection (RED) Queue Management (1997)

this document are in the format used by our old simulator, tcpsim. All of these tests can be run in our new simulator ns with the command &amp;quot;test-all-red&amp;quot;, and the input files are available in &amp;quot;test-suite-red.tcl&amp;quot;. On each page, the graph shows the results of the simulation. For each graph, the x-axis shows the time in seconds. The y-axis shows the packet number mod 90. There is a mark on the graph for each packet as it arrives and departs from the congested gateway, and a &amp;quot;x&amp;quot; for each packet dropped by the gateway. Some of the graphs show more that one active connection. In this case, packets numbered 1 to 90 on the y-axis belong to the first connection, packets numbered 101 to 190 on the y-axis belong to the second connection, and so on. Below the graph is the input file for the simulator. The first part of the input file gives the simulator parameters that differ from the default parameters given in the standard input file. The second part of the input file defines the simulation network. The input file shows the edges in the network, with the queue parameters for the output buffers for the forward and/or backward direction for each link (if the output buffer does not use the default queue, which is an unbounded queue). Following the convention in our new simulator, the output buffer size includes a buffer for the packet currently being transmitted on the output link. The third part of the file contains a line for each active connection, specifying the application (e.g., ftp, telnet), the
Prevention of Cisplatin-Induced Emesis by the Oral Neurokinin-1 Antagonist, MK-869, in Combination With Granisetron and Dexamethasone or With Dexamethasone Alone (2001)

Once daily oral administration of MK-869 was effective in reducing delayed emesis and nausea after high-dose cisplatin. However, the combination of the 5HT3 antagonist plus dexamethasone was numerically superior to MK-869 plus dexamethasone in reducing acute emesis. Confirming and extending previous findings, the triple combination of a 5HT(3) antagonist, MK-869, and dexamethasone provided the best control of acute emesis.
N-Linked Glycosylation of Antibody Fragments in Escherichia coli (2011)

Glycosylation is the predominant protein modification to diversify the functionality of proteins. In particular, N-linked protein glycosylation can increase the biophysical and pharmacokinetic properties of therapeutic proteins. However, the major challenges in studying the consequences of protein glycosylation on a molecular level are caused by glycan heterogeneities of currently used eukaryotic expression systems, but the discovery of the N-linked protein glycosylation system in the ε-proteobacterium Campylobacter jejuni and its functional transfer to Escherichia coli opened up the possibility to produce glycoproteins in bacteria. Toward this goal, we elucidated whether antibody fragments, a potential class of therapeutic proteins, are amenable to bacterial N-linked glycosylation, thereby improving their biophysical properties. We describe a new strategy for glycoengineering and production of quantitative amounts of glycosylated scFv 3D5 at high purity. The analysis revealed the presence of a homogeneous N-glycan that significantly increased the stability and the solubility of the 3D5 antibody fragment. The process of bacterial N-linked glycosylation offers the possibility to specifically address and alter the biophysical properties of proteins.
Increased Whole Blood Viscosity during Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (1990)

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that soluble fibrin complexes resulting from the trauma of surgery could produce elevated blood viscosity, to characterize the soluble fibrin polymers, and to evaluate in vitro the effect of a new hemorheologic agent, poloxamer 188, on viscosity in these abnormal situations. Ten patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery were studied before and at various times after surgery. By 6 h after surgery, the mean hematocrit decreased by 23%, fibrinogen decreased 48%, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate decreased 33%, whole blood viscosity at a low shear rate rose on average of 69% and soluble fibrin rose 118%. Over the 6-day observation period, the concentrations of soluble fibrin paralleled the changes in viscosity, whereas the concentrations of fibrinogen varied nearly inversely with viscosity. The effects of various forms of fibrinogen and fibrin were tested by additions to normal blood. Soluble fibrin polymers, but not fibrin monomers, increased blood viscosity two to three fold. Poloxamer 188 reduced the viscosity of all patient samples to the normal range. These data support the hypothesis that increased whole blood viscosity at low shear rates is caused by hydrophobic adhesion of fibrin polymers to red cells and that poloxamer 188 normalizes viscosity by effectively disrupting the weak hydrophobic bonds.
The Physiology of Cellular Liporegulation (2003)

Here we explore the physiologic role of leptin as a liporegulatory hormone responsible for maintaining intracellular homeostasis in the face of wide variations in caloric intake. Normally, rats can tolerate a 60% fat diet because 96% of the surplus fat is deposited in adipocytes. In contrast, when leptin is congenitally absent or inactive, even on a normal diet, unutilized dietary fat is deposited in nonadipose tissues, causing dysfunction (lipotoxicity) and possible cell death (lipoapoptosis). We theorize that in diet-induced obesity, acquired leptin resistance may also develop as the result of increase in certain leptin resistance factors. Acquired leptin resistance occurs in aging, obesity, Cushing's syndrome, and acquired lipodystrophy, and preliminary evidence suggests that ectopic lipid deposition is increased. We speculate that the metabolic syndrome may be the human equivalent of the lipotoxic syndrome of rodents.
Neuropharmacological mechanisms of emesis. I. Effects of antiemetic drugs on motion- and apomorphine-induced pica in rats. (1995)

The effects of diphenhydramine, domperidone, ondansetron, and diphenidol on motion- and apomorphine-induced pica (i.e., kaolin ingestion) in rats as the measure analogous to emesis in other species were examined. Diphenhydramine (10 and 20 mg/kg) and diphenidol (30 mg/kg) inhibited kaolin intake induced by 60-min double rotation, while domperidone and ondansetron did not. Kaolin intake induced by apomorphine (10 mg/kg) was inhibited by domperidone (2 mg/kg) and diphenidol (30 mg/kg), but not by diphenhydramine or ondansetron. These findings suggest that the emetic pathways through the inner ear (double rotation) and the chemoreceptor trigger zone (apomorphine) are pharmacologically independent and are mediated by histamine H1 receptors and dopamine D2 receptors, respectively. Diphenidol may inhibit a common locus of emesis.
Targeting c-erbB2 and Other Receptors of the C-ErbB Family: Rationale and Clinical Applications (2004)

The c-erbB family of receptors includes four distinct receptors, namely c-erb B1, 2, 3 and 4 (HER1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively). Trastuzumab (T) is a recombinant humanized anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody that binds the extracellular domain of the receptor and blocks intracellular signalling. In clinical studies of T, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy, in HER2 overexpressing metastatic breast cancer patients, a significant benefit was obtained--improved response rates and survival, when T was combined with chemotherapy. Several trials of adjuvant T, either singly or in combination with chemotherapy, are in progress in early breast cancer patients. Pertuzumab defines a new class of HER2 inhibitors, "dimerization inhibitors" that block both homo- and hetero-dimerization of HER2. In preclinical studies pertuzumab is inhibitory to breast, prostate and non small cell lung cancer cell lines, both over and non overexpressing HER2. In phase I clinical trials pertuzumab has shown activity in a number of human cancers. A phase II program is in progress.
ADSL, VDSL, and Multicarrier Modulation (2001)

Network architectures and protocols the DSL as a medium for high-speed data capacity, duplexing, and spectral management fundamentals of multicarrier modulation theory of DFT-based MCM (DMT) theories of general MCM implementation of DMT: ADSL co-existence of ADSL with voice-band and ISDN services implementation of DMT: VDSL future improvements - equalization, RFI cancellation.
RF and microwave building blocks in a standard BiCMOS technology (1996)

This paper reviews some of the RF IC design activities being undertaken by our group at IBM T.J. Watson Research Center. Hardware results for fully monolithic 2.4 and 4-GHz oscillators, 0.9-2.4 GHz microwave switches and 900-MHz power amplifiers are discussed. The technology employed is a commercially available 0.8-/spl mu/m BiCMOS fabrication process without any modification.