gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The NLRP3 and NLRP1 inflammasomes are activated in Alzheimer’s disease (2016)

The activation of at least two different inflammasome complexes explains AD-associated neuroinflammation. Strategies targeting inflammasome activation could be useful in the therapy of AD.
Tat-associated Kinase (P-TEFb): a Component of Transcription Preinitiation and Elongation Complexes (1999)

Human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1) Tat protein activates transcription from the HIV-1 long terminal repeat. Tat interacts with TFIIH and Tat-associated kinase (a transcription elongation factor P-TEFb) and requires the carboxyl-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (pol II) for transactivation. We developed a stepwise RNA pol II walking approach and used Western blotting to determine the role of TFIIH and P-TEFb in HIV-1 transcription elongation. Our results demonstrate the new findings that P-TEFb is a component of the preinitiation complex and travels with the elongating RNA pol II, whereas TFIIH is released from the elongation complexes before the trans-activation responsive region RNA is synthesized. Our results suggest that TFIIH and P-TEFb are involved in the clearance of promoter-proximal pausing of RNA pol II on the HIV-1 long terminal repeat at different stages.
Enterococcal Sepsis and Lung Microvascular Injury in Sheep (1990)

In a common bile duct contamination model, we studied the effect of Streptococcus faecalis compared with Escherichia coli in sheep with chronic lymph fistulas to investigate the role of enterococcus in acute lung injury and acute sepsis. Early pulmonary hypertension in the E coli group was not expressed in the S faecalis group, probably due to a failure of S faecalis to illicit a thromboxane A2 response. In the late period, E coli was associated with significantly greater lung microvascular damage compared with S faecalis. The lack of difference between groups with respect to complement activation suggests the action of chemotactic factors, in addition to complement, mediating granulocyte aggregation, and neutropenia. In this model, S faecalis demonstrated limited pathogenicity as expressed in lung microvascular injury compared with E coli.
Ultrasound-modulated optical tomography of absorbing objects buried in dense tissue-simulating turbid media (1997)

Continuous-wave ultrasonic modulation of scattered laser light was used to image objects buried in tissue-simulating turbid media. The buried object had an absorption coefficient greater than the background turbid medium. The ultrasonic wave that was focused into the turbid media modulated the laser light that passed through the ultrasonic field. The modulated laser light that was collected by a photomultiplier tube reflected the local mechanical and optical properties in the zone of ultrasonic modulation. Objects buried in the middle plane of 5-cm-thick dense turbid media were imaged with millimeter resolution through the scanning and detecting alterations of the ultrasound-modulated optical signal. The optical properties of the dense turbid media included an absorption coefficient of 0.1 cm(-1) and a reduced scattering coefficient of 10 cm(-1) and were comparable with those of biological tissues in the visible and near-IR ranges. The dependence of the ultrasound-modulated optical signal on the off-axis distance of the detector from the optic axis and the area of the detector was studied as well.
Scaling Memcache at Facebook (2013)

Memcached is a well known, simple, in-memory caching solution. This paper describes how Facebook leverages memcached as a building block to construct and scale a distributed key-value store that supports the world's largest social network. Our system handles billions of requests per second and holds trillions of items to deliver a rich experience for over a billion users around the world.
SoundWave (2012)

Gesture is becoming an increasingly popular means of interacting with computers. However, it is still relatively costly to deploy robust gesture recognition sensors in existing mobile platforms. We present SoundWave, a technique that leverages the speaker and microphone already embedded in most commodity devices to sense in-air gestures around the device. To do this, we generate an inaudible tone, which gets frequency-shifted when it reflects off moving objects like the hand. We measure this shift with the microphone to infer various gestures. In this note, we describe the phenomena and detection algorithm, demonstrate a variety of gestures, and present an informal evaluation on the robustness of this approach across different devices and people.
Guidelines for the Management of Pediatric and Adult Tumor Lysis Syndrome: An Evidence-Based Review (2008)

The potential severity of complications resulting from TLS requires measures for prevention in high-risk patients and prompts treatment in the event that symptoms arise. Recognition of risk factors, monitoring of at-risk patients, and appropriate interventions are the key to preventing or managing TLS. These guidelines should assist in the prevention of TLS and improve the management of patients with established TLS.
Melting of Cross-Linked DNA: I. Model and Theoretical Methods (1997)

Covalent and strong coordination binding to DNA of a large number of antitumour drugs and other compounds leads to interstrand cross-link formation. To investigate cross-link influence on double helix stability, two methods are developed for the calculation of melting curves. The first method is based on Poland's approach. It requires computer time proportional to u.N, where u is the average distance (in base pairs) between neighboring cross-links and N is the number of base pairs in the DNA chain. The method is more suitable when u is not large, and small loops formed by interstrand cross-links in melted regions strongly affect DNA melting. The computer time for the second method, based on the Fixman-Freire approach, does not depend on the number of cross-links and is proportional to I.N (I is the number of exponential functions used for a decomposition of the loop entropy factor). It is more appropriate when N and u are large, and therefore particular values of the entropy factors of small loops do not influence DNA melting behavior.
Application of Amine-Tethered Solid Sorbents for Direct CO2 Capture from the Ambient Air (2011)

While current carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technologies for large point sources can help address the impact of CO(2) buildup on global climate change, these technologies can at best slow the rate of increase of the atmospheric CO(2) concentration. In contrast, the direct CO(2) capture from ambient air offers the potential to be a truly carbon negative technology. We propose here that amine-based solid adsorbents have significant promise as key components of a hypothetical air capture process. Specifically, the CO(2) capture characteristics of hyperbranched aminosilica (HAS) materials are evaluated here using CO(2) mixtures that simulate ambient atmospheric concentrations (400 ppm CO(2) = "air capture") as well as more traditional conditions simulating flue gas (10% CO(2)). The air capture experiments demonstrate that the adsorption capacity of HAS adsorbents are only marginally influenced even with a significant dilution of the CO(2) concentration by a factor of 250, while capturing CO(2) reversibly without significant degradation of performance in multicyclic operation. These results suggest that solid amine-based air capture processes have the potential to be an effective approach to extracting CO(2) from the ambient air.
Transfer of proteins across membranes. I. Presence of proteolytically processed and unprocessed nascent immunoglobulin light chains on membrane-bound ribosomes of murine myeloma. (1975)

Fractionation of MOPC 41 DL-1 tumors revealed that the mRNA for the light chain of immunoglobulin is localized exclusively in membrane-bound ribosomes. It was shown that the translation product of isolated light chain mRNA in a heterologous protein-synthesizing system in vitro is larger than the authentic secreted light chain; this confirms similar results from several laboratories. The synthesis in vitro of a precursor protein of the light chain is not an artifact of translation in a heterologous system, because it was shown that detached polysomes, isolated from detergent-treated rough microsomes, not only contain nascent light chains which have already been proteolytically processed in vivo but also contain unprocessed nascent light chains. In vitro completion of these nascent light chains thus resulted in the synthesis of some chains having the same mol wt as the authentic secreted light chains, because of completion of in vivo proteolytically processed chains and of other chains which, due to the completion of unprocessed chains, have the same mol wt as the precursor of the light chain. In contrast, completion of the nascent light chains contained in rough microsomes resulted in the synthesis of only processed light chains. Taken together, these results indicate that the processing activity is present in isolated rough microsomes, that it is localized in the membrane moiety of rough microsomes, and, therefore, that it was most likely solubilized during detergent treatment used for the isolation of detached polysomes. Furthermore, these results established that processing in vivo takes place before completion of the nascent chain. The data also indicate that in vitro processing of nascent chains by rough microsomes is dependent on ribosome binding to the membrane. If the latter process is interfered with by aurintricarboxylic acid, rough microsomes also synthesize some unprocessed chains. The data presented in this paper have been interpreted in the light of a recently proposed hypothesis. This hypothesis, referred to as the signal hypothesis, is described in greater detail in the Discussion section.
Promoter Specificity Elements in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum-Sensing-Controlled Genes (2001)

The LasR-dependent and RhlR-dependent quorum-sensing systems are global regulators of gene expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Previous studies have demonstrated that promoter elements of the quorum-sensing-controlled genes lasB and hcnABC are important in density-dependent regulation. We have identified LasR- and RhlR-dependent determinants in promoters of quorum-sensing-controlled genes qsc102, qsc117 (acpP), and qsc131 (phzA to -G) by in silico, deletion, point-mutational, and primer extension analyses. Each of these genes (in addition to lasI and rsaL) is activated by LasR, and qsc117 and qsc131 also respond to RhlR. Point mutations in the promoters of the LasR-specific gene, qsc102, relax specificity so that this promoter can respond to RhlR in addition to LasR. Our findings indicate that quorum-sensing-controlled promoters in P. aeruginosa are either specific for LasR or respond to both LasR and RhlR and that critical bases in the promoter elements determine specificity.
Double‐blind therapeutic trial in Angelman syndrome using betaine and folic acid (2010)

Angelman syndrome (AS) is caused by reduced or absent expression of the maternally inherited ubiquitin protein ligase 3A gene (UBE3A), which maps to chromosome 15q11-q13. UBE3A is subject to genomic imprinting in neurons in most regions of the brain. Expression of UBE3A from the maternal chromosome is essential to prevent AS, because the paternally inherited gene is not expressed, probably mediated by antisense UBE3A RNA. We hypothesized that increasing methylation might reduce expression of the antisense UBE3A RNA, thereby increasing UBE3A expression from the paternal gene and ameliorating the clinical phenotype. We conducted a trial using two dietary supplements, betaine and folic acid to promote global levels of methylation and attempt to activate the paternally inherited UBE3A gene. We performed a number of investigations at regular intervals including general clinical and developmental evaluations, biochemical determinations on blood and urine, and electroencephalographic studies. We report herein the data on 48 children with AS who were enrolled in a double-blind placebo-controlled protocol using betaine and folic acid for 1 year. There were no statistically significant changes between treated and untreated children; however, in a small subset of patients we observed some positive trends.
Decoding the Patterns of Self and Nonself by the Innate Immune System (2002)

The innate immune system evolved several strategies of self/nonself discrimination that are based on the recognition of molecular patterns demarcating infectious nonself, as well as normal and abnormal self. These patterns are deciphered by receptors that either induce or inhibit an immune response, depending on the meaning of these signals.
On choosing the right ether for peptide precipitation after acid cleavage (2007)

Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and diethyl ether (DEE) tend to be regarded as interchangeable for the 'cold ether' workup concluding the final acidolytic cleavage and deprotection step of solid-phase peptide syntheses. However, the use of MTBE to precipitate peptides from strong acid solutions is shown to give rise to t-butyl alkylation byproducts, readily detectable by MALDI-TOF MS. The problem can attain undesirable dimensions in the cleavage of peptide resins containing high proportions of aromatic residues, particularly in peptide nucleic acid (PNA) syntheses. In those cases, DEE workup is advisable, as it consistently leads to cleaner products.
Vector quantization of image subbands: a survey (1996)

Subband and wavelet decompositions are powerful tools in image coding because of their decorrelating effects on image pixels, the concentration of energy in a few coefficients, their multirate/multiresolution framework, and their frequency splitting, which allows for efficient coding matched to the statistics of each frequency band and to the characteristics of the human visual system. Vector quantization (VQ) provides a means of converting the decomposed signal into bits in a manner that takes advantage of remaining inter and intraband correlation as well as of the more flexible partitions of higher dimensional vector spaces. Since 1988, a growing body of research has examined the use of VQ for subband/wavelet transform coefficients. We present a survey of these methods.
Control of Lyme borreliosis and other Ixodes ricinus-borne diseases (2018)

Lyme borreliosis (LB) and other Ixodes ricinus-borne diseases (TBDs) are diseases that emerge from interactions of humans and domestic animals with infected ticks in nature. Nature, environmental and health policies at (inter)national and local levels affect the risk, disease burden and costs of TBDs. Knowledge on ticks, their pathogens and the diseases they cause have been increasing, and resulted in the discovery of a diversity of control options, which often are not highly effective on their own. Control strategies involving concerted actions from human and animal health sectors as well as from nature managers have not been formulated, let alone implemented. Control of TBDs asks for a "health in all policies" approach, both at the (inter)national level, but also at local levels. For example, wildlife protection and creating urban green spaces are important for animal and human well-being, but may increase the risk of TBDs. In contrast, culling or fencing out deer decreases the risk for TBDs under specific conditions, but may have adverse effects on biodiversity or may be societally unacceptable. Therefore, in the end, nature and health workers together must carry out tailor-made control options for the control of TBDs for humans and animals, with minimal effects on the environment. In that regard, multidisciplinary approaches in environmental, but also medical settings are needed. To facilitate this, communication and collaboration between experts from different fields, which may include patient representatives, should be promoted.
Photoimmunotherapy: Comparative effectiveness of two monoclonal antibodies targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (2014)

Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is a new cancer treatment that combines the specificity of antibodies for targeting tumors with the toxicity induced by photosensitizers after exposure to near infrared (NIR) light. Herein we compare two commonly available anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies, cetuximab and panitumumab, for their effectiveness as PIT agents in EGFR positive tumor models. A photosensitizer, IR-700, conjugated to either cetuximab (cet-IR700) or panitumumab (pan-IR700), was evaluated using EGFR-expressing A431 and MDAMB468-luc cells in 2D- and 3D-culture. PIT was conducted with irradiation of NIR light after exposure of the sample or animal to each conjugate. In vivo PIT was performed with fractionated exposure of NIR light after injection of each agent into A431 xenografts or a MDAMB468-luc orthotopic tumor bearing model. Cet-IR700 and pan-IR700 bound with equal affinity to the cells in 2D-culture and penetrated equally into the 3D-spheroid, resulting in identical PIT cytotoxic effects in vitro. In contrast, in vivo anti-tumor effects of PIT with cet-IR700 were inferior to that of pan-IR700. Assessment of the biodistribution showed lower accumulation into the tumors and more rapid hepatic catabolism of cet-IR700 compared to pan-IR700. Although cet-IR700 and pan-IR700 showed identical in vitro characteristics, pan-IR700 showed better therapeutic tumor responses than cet-IR700 in in vivo mice models due to the prolonged retention of the conjugate in the circulation, suggesting that retention in the circulation is advantageous for tumor responses to PIT. These results suggest that the choice of monoclonal antibody in photosensitizer conjugates may influence the effectiveness of PIT.
On Synthesizing Solid Polyelectrolyte Microspheres from Evaporating Liquid Marbles (2010)

We report a simple evaporation process using liquid marbles as precursors to produce high sphericity, precisely diameter controlled polyelectrolyte microspheres. We use poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) as the test polyelectrolyte for this experimental study. We present measurements of the rate of mass loss during evaporation to demonstrate evidence of two limiting physical processes. At short times, the rate of mass loss is well described by the "D(2) law" regime, which is vapor diffusion limited. At long times, the rate of water diffusion inside the nearly solid polyelectrolyte microsphere becomes the rate-limiting step. The transition between these two limiting processes is accompanied by changes in the physical morphology inside the microsphere. We compare the estimated values of the water diffusion coefficients with the values reported in the literature to demonstrate good agreement.
Quantum Computation with Ions in Thermal Motion (1999)

We propose an implementation of quantum logic gates via virtual vibrational excitations in an ion-trap quantum computer. Transition paths involving unpopulated vibrational states interfere destructively to eliminate the dependence of rates and revolution frequencies on vibrational quantum numbers. As a consequence, quantum computation becomes feasible with ions whose vibrations are strongly coupled to a thermal reservoir.
Using Least Variance for Robust Extraction of Systolic Time Intervals (2014)

Systolic time intervals (STI) are clinically used as non-invasive predictor of cardiovascular disease. However, algorithm accuracy generally suffers across subjects and physiological states, requiring parameter tuning for robust STI extraction. To address this challenge, an automated methodology of processing with varying tuning parameters was explored. In this work, two STIs were examined: the R-wave pulse transit time to the PPG foot at the ear (rPTT) and the left ventricular ejection time (LVET).\nHistoric feature detection algorithms were used with a range of tuning parameters over a 60 second interval, with least variance used to select the optimal parameter for robust extraction. These least variance algorithms were quantitatively compared to historic, single parameter algorithms using a positive predictive value metric. In order to decrease the runtime of the algorithms, the least variance algorithms were written such that they could run on a GPU using CUDA.\nOverall, the least variance algorithms were able to extract the features better than the historic algorithms, without sacrificing runtime. In addition to providing this robust and reliable STI extraction, the least variance algorithms can be adapted to extract features from any period data stream.
Oxidation of Steroidal α-Ketols to Glyoxals with Cupric Acetate1 (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidation of Steroidal α-Ketols to Glyoxals with Cupric Acetate1Marvin L. Lewbart and Vernon R. MattoxCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 8, 2001–2006Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01043a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01043a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views302Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Long Isoform of Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase Enters the Nucleus And, Rather than Catalyzing Nontemplated Nucleotide Addition, Modulates the Catalytic Activity of the Short Isoform (2001)

During variable/diversity/joining (V[D]J) recombination, the enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (Tdt) adds random nucleotides at the junctions of the rearranging gene segments, increasing diversity of the antibody (Ab) and T cell receptor repertoires. Two splice variants of Tdt have been described, but only one (short isoform of Tdt [TdtS]) has been convincingly demonstrated to catalyze nontemplated (N) addition in vitro. We have expressed each splice variant of Tdt in transgenic (Tg) mice and found that the TdtS transgene catalyzes N addition on the endogenous Tdt(-/)- background and in fetal liver, but that the long isoform of Tdt (TdtL) transgene does neither. In contrast to previous in vitro results, both TdtS and TdtL are translocated to the nucleus in our model. Furthermore, TdtL/TdtS double Tg mice exhibit less N addition in fetal liver than do TdtS Tg mice. Whereas the TdtS transgene was shown to have functional consequences on the antiphosphorylcholine (PC) B cell repertoire, TdtL Tg mice exhibit a normal PC response, and Tdt(-/)- mice actually exhibit an increase in the PC response and in TEPC 15 idiotype(+) Ab production. We conclude that TdtL localizes to the nucleus in vivo where it serves to modulate TdtS function.