gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory effects of osteoblasts and increased bone formation on myeloma in novel culture systems and a myelomatous mouse model. (2006)

MM PC from the majority of patients are susceptible to growth inhibition by osteoblasts; however, growth of MM PC from certain patients is accelerated by osteoblasts. In vivo, increased bone formation is associated with reduced myeloma burden.
Liposomal clodronate eliminates synovial macrophages, reduces inflammation and ameliorates joint destruction in antigen-induced arthritis (1999)

SUVc is more efficient than MLVc in reducing the severity of inflammation and joint destruction in rat AIA, and is associated with the specific elimination of macrophage subpopulations from the SM.
Novel RET mutations in macedonian patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma: genotype-phenotype correlations. (2015)

Medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTCs) are rare neoplasms comprising 2-10% of all thyroid malignnancies. More than 75% are sporadic tumors and the remainder is familial and MEN2 related. Both sporadic and syndromic MTCs frequently show mutations in the RET proto-oncogene. It has been noted that some MTC cases present an indolent, and some an aggressive clinical course. Ki-67 expression is generally low, with documented exceptions, whereas high expression of Bcl-2 has been reported in majority of the cases. Some studies have shown that Ki-67 and Bcl-2 expressions have prognostic value, as well as RET mutational status. We analyzed 20 unrelated MTC cases for Ki-67, Bcl-2 expression and RET mutations and tested their intercorrelations, correlations to the morphologic features and stage of the tumors, as well as their influence on survival. In 13 of the 20 analyzed cases we found 23 sequence changes distributed in exons 8, 10-13 and 16. There were 11 different missense mutations, single nucleotide deletion with frameshift, and 8 different synonymous mutations. Only 4 of the sequence changes have been previously published. Twelve patients (60%) had tumors expressing one or more missense mutations or single nucleotide deletion and 7 of them (35%) had at least one damaging or possibly damaging RET mutation. Most of the tumors had low Ki-67 expression (mean 6.48% of cells) and high Bcl-2 expression (mean 68.3%). Significantly better survival was observed in cases with low Ki-67 (< 6.5%; p < 0.05), high Bcl-2 expression (> 68.3%; p < 0.01) and younger age at diagnosis (< 51 years; p < 0.05).
Vehicle detection at night using image processing and pattern recognition (2002)

We present a methodology to detect vehicles at night using image processing and pattern recognition. The using of mathematical morphology, the techniques of pattern recognition and the studying of perspective influences are the major innovations of our method. First, we present an initialisation phase that involves a road modelling. Afterwards, we present methodologies to detect vehicles on highways. We also discuss the results and give perspectives and conclusions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Biomedical applications of biodegradable polymers (2011)

Utilization of polymers as biomaterials has greatly impacted the advancement of modern medicine. Specifically, polymeric biomaterials that are biodegradable provide the significant advantage of being able to be broken down and removed after they have served their function. Applications are wide ranging with degradable polymers being used clinically as surgical sutures and implants. In order to fit functional demand, materials with desired physical, chemical, biological, biomechanical and degradation properties must be selected. Fortunately, a wide range of natural and synthetic degradable polymers has been investigated for biomedical applications with novel materials constantly being developed to meet new challenges. This review summarizes the most recent advances in the field over the past 4 years, specifically highlighting new and interesting discoveries in tissue engineering and drug delivery applications.
Amplification of the proto-neu oncogene facilitates oncogenic activation by a single point mutation. (1989)

To determine whether the amplification of the proto-neu oncogene (also called c-erbB-2) plays a role in tumorigenicity, we previously generated an NIH 3T3 transfectant (DHFR/G-8) that carried the amplified proto-neu gene. The DHFR/G-8 cells exhibited normal morphology. Their growth curve was similar to that of NIH 3T3 cells but was different from that of the B104-1 cell, and NIH 3T3 transfectant that carries the activated neu oncogene. When injected into nude mice, B104-1 cells produced tumors within 2 weeks, whereas the DHFR/G-8 cells did not produce tumors until 3 months after injection, and the NIH 3T3 cells did not produce any tumors even after 3 months. The tumors produced by the injection of the DHFR/G-8 cells were excised and grown in culture. The cells derived from the tumors were of transformed morphology and highly tumorigenic. The DNAs from the tumor cells were transfected into NIH 3T3 cells. The transfection resulted in foci on the NIH 3T3 monolayer. Southern analysis indicated that the foci derived from the transfection contained the neu gene. Using oligonucleotides as probes, the neu gene in the foci was found to carry a single-point mutation identical to the one previously found in the rat neuroblastoma and glioblastoma induced by the ethylnitrosourea. We conclude that the DNA region encoding the transmembrane domain of neu is a hot spot for converting the proto-neu gene into an activated oncogene and that amplification of the proto-neu gene facilitates mutation of the hot spot.
Painful Heel: MR Imaging Findings (2000)

Heel pain is a common and frequently disabling clinical complaint that may be caused by a broad spectrum of osseous or soft-tissue disorders. These disorders are classified on the basis of anatomic origin and predominant location of heel pain to foster a better understanding of this complaint. The disorders include plantar fascial lesions (fasciitis, rupture, fibromatosis, xanthoma), tendinous lesions (tendinitis, tenosynovitis), osseous lesions (fractures, bone bruises, osteomyelitis, tumors), bursal lesions (retrocalcaneal bursitis, retroachilleal bursitis), tarsal tunnel syndrome, and heel plantar fat pad abnormalities. With its superior soft-tissue contrast resolution and multiplanar capability, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can help determine the cause of heel pain and help assess the extent and severity of the disease in ambiguous or clinically equivocal cases. Careful analysis of MR imaging findings and correlation of these findings with patient history and findings at physical examination can suggest a specific diagnosis in most cases. The majority of patients with heel pain can be successfully treated conservatively, but in cases requiring surgery (eg, plantar fascia rupture in competitive athletes, deeply infiltrating plantar fibromatosis, masses causing tarsal tunnel syndrome), MR imaging is especially useful in planning surgical treatment by showing the exact location and extent of the lesion.
Genetics of adeno-associated virus: isolation and preliminary characterization of adeno-associated virus type 2 mutants (1984)

We constructed insertion and deletion mutants with mutations within the adeno-associated virus (AAV) sequences of the infectious recombinant plasmid pSM620. Studies of these mutants revealed at least three AAV phenotypes. Mutants with mutations between 11 and 42 map units were partially or completely defective for rescue and replication of the AAV sequences from the recombinant plasmids (rep mutants). The mutants could be complemented by mutants with replication-positive phenotypes. The protein(s) that is affected in rep mutants has not been identified, but the existence of the rep mutants proves that at least one AAV-coded protein is required for viral DNA replication. Also, the fact that one of the rep mutant mutations maps within the AAV intron suggests that the intron sequences code for part of a functional AAV protein. Mutants with mutations between 63 and 91 map units synthesized normal amounts of AAV duplex DNA but could not generate single-stranded virion DNA (cap mutants). The cap phenotype could be complemented by rep mutants and is probably due to a defect in the major AAV capsid protein, VP3. This suggests that a preformed capsid or precursor is required for the accumulation of single-stranded AAV progeny DNA. Mutants with mutations between 48 and 55 map units synthesized normal amounts of AAV single-stranded and duplex DNA but produced substantially lower yields of infectious virus particles than wild-type AAV (lip mutants). The lip phenotype is probably due to a defect in the minor capsid protein, VPI, and suggests the existence of an additional (as yet undiscovered) AAV mRNA. Evidence is also presented for recombination between mutant AAV genomes during lytic growth.
Nondestructive measurement of the inhibition of demineralization on smooth surfaces using polarization‐sensitive optical coherence tomography (2007)

Abstract Background and Objective The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the inhibition of demineralization in an in vitro simulated caries model by different fluoride agents could be monitored nondestructively using polarization‐sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS‐OCT) on smooth enamel surfaces peripheral to orthodontic brackets. Materials and Methods Sixty human molar samples used for this in vitro study were divided into four groups of fifteen. The groups consisted of a control, a fluoride releasing glass ionomer cement, an adhesive fluoride sealant, and fluoride in solution (2‐ppm fluoride). The reflectivity from tooth surfaces was monitored using a PS‐OCT system at different time points after exposure to a pH cycling demin/remin model at 3‐day intervals for 15 days. Polarized light microscopy (PLM) was used to examine lesion depth after day 15. Results PS‐OCT was effective at measuring significant differences in the integrated reflectivity in depth between the control and fluoride groups ( P &lt;0.001). The fluoride sealant demonstrated a greater protective effect than the fluoride in solution and the glass ionomer cement. Conclusions These results suggest that PS‐OCT is well suited for the nondestructive assessment of caries inhibition by anti‐caries agents. Lasers Surg. Med. 39:422–427, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A human transferrin-vascular endothelial growth factor (hnTf-VEGF) fusion protein containing an integrated binding site for (111)In for imaging tumor angiogenesis. (2005)

(111)In-hnTf-VEGF is a promising radiopharmaceutical for imaging tumor angiogenesis and represents a prototypic protein harboring the metal-binding site of transferrin for labeling with (111)In without introducing DTPA metal chelators.
The world economy [June 2006] (2006)

Global growth is forecast to slow to 4.2 per cent in 2008 (from 4.7 per cent in 2007) but this better than expected and performance is driven largely by the Asian economies. US growth is forecast to slow to 1.3 per cent this year (compared to 2.2 per cent last year) while in the Euro Area, growth is forecast to be only 1.5 per cent in 2008 after growth of 2.6 per cent in 2007. China and India are forecast to continue to grow rapidly in 2008 (10.4 per cent in China). Japan and the rest of Asia are also doing well mainly due to the stimulus of Chinese demand and trade.
A dual-targeting PDGFRβ/VEGF-A molecule assembled from stable antibody fragments demonstrates anti-angiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo (2010)

Targeting angiogenesis is a promising approach to the treatment of solid tumors and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Inhibition of vascularization has been validated by the successful marketing of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target specific growth factors or their receptors, but there is considerable room for improvement in existing therapies. Combination of mAbs targeting both the VEGF and PDGF pathways has the potential to increase the efficacy of anti-angiogenic therapy without the accompanying toxicities of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and the inability to combine efficiently with traditional chemotherapeutics. However, development costs and regulatory issues have limited the use of combinatorial approaches for the generation of more efficacious treatments. The concept of mediating disease pathology by targeting two antigens with one therapeutic was proposed over two decades ago. While mAbs are particularly suitable candidates for a dual-targeting approach, engineering bispecificity into one molecule can be difficult due to issues with expression and stability, which play a significant role in manufacturability. Here, we address these issues upstream in the process of developing a bispecific antibody (bsAb). Single-chain antibody fragments (scFvs) targeting PDGFRbeta and VEGF-A were selected for superior stability. The scFvs were fused to both termini of human Fc to generate a bispecific, tetravalent molecule. The resulting molecule displays potent activity, binds both targets simultaneously, and is stable in serum. The assembly of a bsAb using stable monomeric units allowed development of an anti-PDGFRB/VEGF-A antibody capable of attenuating angiogenesis through two distinct pathways and represents an efficient method for rapid engineering of dual-targeting molecules.
Microbiology and Immunology (1998)

This intensive subject review was developed and written by a specialist in microbiology, immunology and parasitology. It features a section of must-know topics that will probably appear on licensing exams. The book provides topic overviews and point-by-point exam coaching, and contains over 200 questions in exam format, with explained answers and textbook citations.
CD44 antibody against In(Lu)-related p80, lymphocyte-homing receptor molecule inhibits the binding of human erythrocytes to T cells. (1989)

The cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) Ag system, originally described in brain and mature T cells, has been subsequently shown to be identical with the human lymphocyte homing-receptor defined by the Hermes-1 antibody and to be involved in T cell/endothelial cell interactions in synovium, mucosa, and lymph node. CD44 is also present on human E. On E, CD44 has been shown to be regulated by the In(Lu) dominant inhibitor gene and to express the Ina and Inb blood group Ag. Because human E have been shown to interact with human T cells via CD2 on T cells and LFA-3 on human E, we have studied the ability of human E and T lymphocyte CD44 Ag to participate in CD2/LFA-3 interactions between human E and T cells. In this study, we demonstrate that a mAb (A3D8) against the CD44, In(Lu)-related p80, lymphocyte homing-receptor molecule inhibited the binding of human E to human T cells. Whereas whole CD44 antibody molecules inhibited human E binding to T cells, saturating amounts of CD44 Fab fragments did not inhibit human E to T cell binding. Our data demonstrated that anti-CD44 antibody A3D8 acted at the level of the E to inhibit CD2/LFA-3 interactions between human E and T cells.
Exceptionally Stable Nucleic Acid Hairpins (1995)

Hairpins represent the dominant secondary structure element in RNA. Certain sequences are found with exceptional frequency in many RNAs and are characterized by exceptionally high thermodynamic stability. Stable RNA hairpins define nucleation sites for folding, determine tertiary interactions in RNA enzymes, protect mRNAs from degradation, and are recognized by RNA-binding proteins. The structures of several stable DNA and RNA hairpins have revealed networks of stabilizing interactions within the hairpin loop: non-Watson-Crick base pairs and base-phosphate and base-sugar contacts. The unusual stability of these structural elements can be used to stabilize RNA and DNA structures and to protect antisense oligonucleotides and mRNAs against exonucleolytic degradation.
Atomistic Simulations of Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (DWCNTs) as Rotational Bearings (2004)

Atomistic simulations of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) as rotational bearings were performed. Molecular mechanics (MM) calculations show that the interlayer energy surface of the bearings is nearly flat. Thermal effects on the bearings were studied with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations at finite temperature. These simulations show that the interlayer corrugation against rotation, and hence the interlayer friction coefficient, is extremely small, suggesting the possible application of DWCNTs as wearless bearings. Extreme operational conditions of the bearings for which the bearings disintegrate are also reported.
Upregulation of SOX9 in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Its Involvement in the Regulation of Cell Growth and Tumorigenicity (2010)

Our data suggest that SOX9 is a new hallmark of lung adenocarcinoma, in which SOX9 might contribute to gain of tumor growth potential, possibly acting through affecting the expression of cell cycle regulators p21 and CDK4.
Biosynthesis of 1-Deoxy-1-imino-d-erythrose 4-Phosphate:  A Defining Metabolite in the Aminoshikimate Pathway (2002)

With respect to the source of the nitrogen atom incorporated into the aminoshikimate pathway, d-erythrose 4-phosphate has been proposed to undergo a transamination reaction resulting in formation of 1-deoxy-1-imino-d-erythrose 4-phosphate. Condensation of this metabolite with phosphoenolpyruvate catalyzed by aminoDAHP synthase would then hypothetically form the 4-amino-3,4-dideoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonic acid 7-phosphate (aminoDAHP), which is the first committed intermediate of the aminoshikimate pathway. However, in vitro formation of aminoDAHP has not been observed. In this account, the possibility is examined that 3-amino-3-deoxy-d-fructose 6-phosphate is the source of the nitrogen atom of the aminoshikimate pathway. Transketolase-catalyzed ketol transfer from 3-amino-3-deoxy-d-fructose 6-phosphate to d-ribose 5-phosphate would hypothetically release 1-deoxy-1-imino-d-erythrose 4-phosphate. Along these lines, a chemoenzymatic synthesis of 3-amino-3-deoxy-d-fructose 6-phosphate was elaborated. Incubation of 3-amino-3-deoxy-d-fructose 6-phosphate in Amycolatopsis mediterranei crude cell lysate with d-ribose 5-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate resulted in the formation of aminoDAHP and 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid. 3-[15N]-Amino-3-deoxy-d-6,6-[2H2]-fructose 6-phosphate was also synthesized and similarly incubated in A. mediterranei crude cell lysate. Retention of both 15N and 2H2 labeling in product aminoDAHP indicates that 3-amino-3-deoxy-d-fructose 6-phosphate is serving as a sequestered form of 1-deoxy-1-imino-d-erythrose 4-phosphate.
First direct observation of the simultaneous presence and of the interconversion of chain-propagating metal-carbene and metallacyclobutane complexes in a catalytic olefin metathesis reaction: the ring-opening polymerization of norbornene (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFirst direct observation of the simultaneous presence and of the interconversion of chain-propagating metal-carbene and metallacyclobutane complexes in a catalytic olefin metathesis reaction: the ring-opening polymerization of norborneneJ. Kress, J. A. Osborn, R. M. E. Greene, K. J. Ivin, and J. J. RooneyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 3, 899–901Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00237a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00237a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views344Altmetric-Citations101LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Expression of Leishmania antigen on the surface membrane of infected human macrophages in vitro. (1981)

Resolution of leishmaniasis is associated with host immunological responsiveness to parasite antigens. In clinical disease, leishmania are found as amastigotes contained with macrophages. We investigated the possibility that Leishmania antigens are expressed on the infected macrophage surface by reacting infected macrophages with antibody to Leishmania. In vitro-infected human monocyte-derived macrophages were labelled with antibody to amastigotes when examined with immunofluorescent or immunoelectron microscopic techniques. Infected macrophages were poorly labelled by antibody to promastigotes (insect forms of Leishmania). Certain antisera that reacted with the surface membranes of amastigotes did not label the infected macrophage surface. These results indicate that human macrophages infected in vitro express Leishmania amastigote antigen(s) on their surface membranes, that such antigen(s) may not be present in large quantities in promastigotes, and that certain antigen(s) on the amastigote surface are not expressed on the surface membranes of infected macrophages.
Probing single nanometer-scale pores with polymeric molecular rulers (2010)

We previously demonstrated that individual molecules of single-stranded DNA can be driven electrophoretically through a single Staphylococcus aureus alpha-hemolysin ion channel. Polynucleotides thread through the channel as extended chains and the polymer-induced ionic current blockades exhibit stable modes during the interactions. We show here that polynucleotides can be used to probe structural features of the alpha-hemolysin channel itself. Specifically, both the pore length and channel aperture profile can be estimated. The results are consistent with the channel crystal structure and suggest that polymer-based "molecular rulers" may prove useful in deducing the structures of nanometer-scale pores in general.
Studies of Platelet Concentrates Stored at 22 C and 4 C (1973)

As measured by stability of p H, aggregability, and structure, concentrated platelets are better preserved for 72 hours at 4 C than at 22 C. While survival in vivo , as determined with 51 Cr, of platelets stored at room temperature is extremely variable, survival of platelets stored at 4 C is invariably shortened to two to three days. In the treatment of bleeding in thrombocytopenic patients, however, platelets kept at 4 C for 24 to 72 hours are superior to those kept at 22 C with respect to their capacity to shorten the bleeding time and effect hemostasis. The relative ineffectiveness of platelets kept at 22 C for 72 hours appears to be the result of a functional defect which develops during storage at ambient temperature. We suggest that until a means is found to prevent the functional abnormality which develops during storage at 22 C., platelet concentrates should be refrigerated if they are to be stored for 24 hours or longer prior to being transfused.