gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combination of two matrices results in improved performance of MALDI MS for peptide mass mapping and protein analysis (2003)

A new sample preparation method for MALDI based on the use of a mixture of the two commonly used matrices, DHB and CHCA, is described. The matrix mixture preparation results in increased sequence coverage and spot-to-spot reproducibility for peptide mass mapping compared to the use of the single matrix components. This results in more reliable protein identification in proteomics studies and facilitates automated data acquisition. This method shows better tolerance towards salts and impurities, eliminating the need for pre-purification of the samples. It has also been found to be advantageous for the analysis of intact proteins, and especially for glycoproteins. The mixture allows the presence of rather high concentrations of urea in the sample solutions.
Novel Family of Thermogelling Materials via C−C Bonding between Poly(acrylic acid) and Poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (1998)

Pluronic poly(ethylene oxide)−poly(propylene oxide)−poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO−PPO−PEO) block copolymers are copolymerized with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) by a one-step free-radical polymerization of acrylic acid with the chain transfer to the Pluronic dissolved in the acrylic acid. Exponential increase of branching and cross-linking in the resulting Pluronic−PAA copolymers is observed at high degrees of conversion of acrylic acid. The solutions show reversible gelation within a narrow temperature range, with a gelled state resembling that of permanently cross-linked gels. Onset of thermogelation in Pluronic−PAA solution coincides with augmentation of light-scattering intensity of large scatterers and approaches the critical micellization temperature of the parent Pluronic. Effects of the overall PEO content and the length of the PPO segment in the parent Pluronic on the properties of copolymers are revealed.
Organic Light-Emitting Diodes: Principles, Characteristics & Processes (2004)

Organic Light Emitting Diodes: Principles, Characteristics, and Processes presents recent developments in organic electroluminescence and their application to light emitting diodes. In six chapters and complete with an extensive set of references, it describes and illustrates the physical principles of organic LEDs and their electrical and optical characteristics with a wide range of examples and practical studies. The author presents a unified approach to the description and functioning of organic LEDs, based on a comprehensive background of relevant physical processes and provides a clear foundation for the prediction and design of new improved electroluminescent devices.
Nuclear expression of YB-1 protein correlates with P-glycoprotein expression in human osteosarcoma. (1998)

The Y-box-binding protein, YB-1, is a member of the DNA-binding protein family. It binds to the Y-box, an inverted CCAAT box, in the promoter region of the human multidrug resistance 1 gene, which encodes P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Nuclear localization of YB-1 protein has been reported to be associated with the intrinsic expression of P-gp in human breast cancer. We studied the immunohistochemical expression of YB-1 protein in 69 untreated biopsy specimens of conventional osteosarcomas and compared it with the expression of P-gp. Furthermore, cell proliferation, as determined by the MIB-1-labeling index (MIB-1-LI), was measured by immunohistochemistry. In all 69 untreated osteosarcomas, YB-1 protein was expressed in the cytoplasm. In 32 of 69 (46%) cases, YB-1 was also localized in the nucleus. The expression of P-gp was evident in 23 of these 32 cases, and there was a significant correlation between the nuclear expression of YB-1 and P-gp expression (P < 0.0001). Chondroblastic osteosarcoma expressed YB-1 in the nucleus more frequently (eight of nine cases) than did other types of osteosarcoma, whereas P-gp was also frequently expressed in chondroblastic subtype. There was no correlation between the nuclear expression of YB-1 and histological grade. The MIB-1-LI was significantly higher in cases showing the nuclear expression of YB-1 (MIB-1-LI averaged 22.56 in cases with only cytoplasmic expression of YB-1 but averaged 28.20 in cases with cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of YB-1; P = 0.0477). In human osteosarcoma, nuclear localization of YB-1 protein was associated with the expression of P-gp, suggesting that YB-1 could be a prognostic marker for multidrug resistance in osteosarcoma.
Accurate and Efficient Method for Predicting Thermochemistry of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons − Bond-Centered Group Additivity (2004)

A self-consistent estimation method for the thermochemical properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) is presented. This method is based on enthalpies of formation (DeltaHf(degrees), entropies (S(degrees)298, and heat capacities (C(degrees)p obtained from B3LYP/6-31G(d) calculations of the total energies and frequencies for 139 PAHs, including C(60) and C(70) fullerenes. The enthalpies of formation were calculated using an optimized set of homodesmic reactions given the available experimental DeltaHf(degrees) of PAHs. The theoretical entropies were compared with the existing experimental entropies, and some inconsistencies in the experimental data were identified. The estimation method presented here is a systematic extension of the widely employed atom-centered group additivity method originally proposed by Benson. This new method is based on bond-centered groups that define bonds linking two atom-centered groups and specify the size of the rings to which they belong. In addition, a term to describe the resonance energy is included. The thermochemical properties of PAHs up to C(70) fullerene are estimated with a mean average deviation of 2.8 kcal mol(-1) in DeltaHf(degrees), 0.7 cal K(-1) mol(-1) in S(degrees)298, and about 0.5 cal K(-1) mol(-1) in the C(degrees)p. This bond-centered group additivity method for the thermochemical properties of PAHs significantly expands both the range of systems that can be estimated and the accuracy of the estimations. The results of this work also allow us to assess the quality of available experimental data. For example, there are strong indications that the literature DeltaHf(degrees)of benzo[k]fluoranthene is about 10 kcal mol(-1) too low.
Intestinal Bifidobacteria That Producetrans-9,trans-11 Conjugated Linoleic Acid: A Fatty Acid With Antiproliferative Activity Against Human Colon SW480 and HT-29 Cancer Cells (2006)

Bifidobacterium breve species of human intestinal origin have the ability to synthesize cis-9, trans-11 (c9, t11) conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) from free linoleic acid. In this study, the ability of Bifidobacterium species to isomerize C(18) polyunsaturated fatty acids was investigated, and the antiproliferative activities of the two main microbially produced CLA isomers were assessed. Linoleic acid was converted principally to c9, t11 CLA and lesser amounts of t9, t11 CLA, whereas c9, t11 CLA was converted mainly to t9, t11 CLA. Likewise, t10, c12 CLA was converted principally to t9, t11 CLA, which was incorporated into the bacterial cell membranes. To examine the antiproliferative effect of the two main CLA isomers formed, SW480 and HT-29 human colon cancer cells were cultured in the presence of c9, t11 CLA and t9, t11 CLA. The t9, t11 CLA had a more potent antiproliferative effect than c9, t11 CLA. It is tempting to suggest that the ability of Bifidobacterium to produce such bioactive metabolites may be associated with the beneficial effects of bifidobacteria present in the human gastrointestinal tract.
Hemorrhage into an Occult Spinal Ependymoma After Epidural Anesthesia (2008)

of Background Data: Five cases of hemorrhage into a spinal neoplasm after spinal or epidural anesthesia are reported in the literature. Presentation ranges from severe low back pain to acute cauda equina syndrome.
Maximum power point tracking: a cost saving necessity in solar energy systems (2002)

It is argued that a well-engineered renewable remote energy system utilizing the principal of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) can be cost effective, has a high reliability, and can improve the quality of life in remote areas. A highly efficient power electronic converter for converting the output voltage of a solar panel or wind generator to the required DC battery bus voltage has been realized. The converter is controlled to track the maximum power point of the nput source under varying input and output parameters. MPPT for relatively small systems is achieved by maximization of the output current in a battery charging regulator, using an optimized hill-climbing, inexpensive microprocessor-based algorithm. Through field measurements it is shown that a minimum input source saving of 15% on 3-5 kWh/day systems can easily be achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Isolation of plant-growth-promotingBacillusstrains from soybean root nodules (2002)

Endophytic bacteria reside within plant tissues and have often been found to promote plant growth. Fourteen strains of putative endophytic bacteria, not including endosymbiotic Bradyrhizobium strains, were isolated from surface-sterilized soybean (Glycine max. (L.) Merr.) root nodules. These isolates were designated as non-Bradyrhizobium endophytic bacteria (NEB). Three isolates (NEB4, NEB5, and NEB17) were found to increase soybean weight when plants were co-inoculated with one of the isolates and Bradyrhizobium japonicum under nitrogen-free conditions, compared with plants inoculated with B. japonicum alone. In the absence of B. japonicum, these isolates neither nodulated soybean, nor did they affect soybean growth. All three isolates were Gram-positive spore-forming rods. While Biolog tests indicated that the three isolates belonged to the genus Bacillus, it was not possible to determine the species. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene hypervariant region sequences demonstrated that both NEB4 and NEB5 are Bacillus subtilis strains, and that NEB17 is a Bacillus thuringiensis strain.
Heparin and cancer. (1998)

Heparin has been the subject of intensive investigation for decades by both basic and clinical scientists because of its usefulness as a therapeutic anticoagulant. In addition to its effects on coagulation, however, heparin exhibits many other activities which seem to have little to do with anticoagulation. Goerner first observed an effect on the natural history of malignancy in 1930 when he demonstrated that heparin inhibited tumor growth in experimental animals. A substantial body of literature on heparin and cancer has developed during the ensuing decades. A recent increase in interest has resulted from observations made during prospective, randomized clinical trials which com-pared unfractionated heparin (UH) with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Several studies have shown improvement in short to intermediate term survival in the subset of patients with cancer who received LMWH. This improved outcome has been emphasized in two published meta-analyses, and the trend is supported by the results of a more recent prospective study. The improved cancer outcome could not be attributed to prevention of VTE in any of the studies; therefore, it is reasonable to hypothesize that a beneficial effect of heparin may be mediated by mechanisms independent of anticoagulation....
A census of Tandem system availability between 1985 and 1990 (1990)

A census of customer outages reported to Tandem showing a clear improvement in the reliability of hardware and maintenance has been taken. It indicates that software is now the major source of reported outages (62%), followed by system operations (15%). This is a dramatic shift from the statistics for 1985. Even after discounting systematic underreporting of operations and environmental outages, the conclusion is clear: hardware faults and hardware maintenance are no longer a major source of outages. As the other components of the system become increasingly reliable, software necessarily becomes the dominant cause of outages. Achieving higher availability requires improvement in software quality and software fault tolerance, simpler operations, and tolerance of operational faults.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Evaluation of a Vessel Sealing System, Bipolar Electrosurgery, Harmonic Scalpel, Titanium Clips, Endoscopic Gastrointestinal Anastomosis Vascular Staples and Sutures for Arterial and Venous Ligation in a Porcine Model (2003)

In the porcine model the LigaSure system is a viable option for laparoscopic management of arteries up to 6 mm. and veins up to 12 mm. in diameter.
Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus replication by nonimmunosuppressive analogs of cyclosporin A. (1995)

Analogs of the immunosuppressive cyclic undecapeptide cyclosporin A (CsA) with substitutions in positions 1, 4, 6, and/or 11 were rationally designed to possess substantially diminished or no immunosuppressive activity. When these compounds were assayed for their capacity to interfere with the replication of human immunodeficiency virus, some displayed a potent antiviral activity in newly infected cells. However, only CsA could interfere with virus replication in persistently infected cells. One CsA analog with antiviral activity costimulated the phytohemagglutinin-induced production of interleukin 2 by human lymphocytes. Human immunodeficiency virus particles from drug-exposed cells showed lower infectivity than virions from untreated cells. Thus, these nonimmunosuppressive analogs of CsA constitute a promising class of lead compounds to develop drugs for effective treatment of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Role of Dietary Polyphenols and Inflammatory Processes on Disease Progression Mediated by the Gut Microbiota (2013)

Mendelsohn and Larrick have recently discussed in a recent article in Rejuvenation Research that dietary modifications of the gut microbiota affect the risk for cardiovascular disease. In this context, dietary patterns and single specific nutrients appear to produce singular consequences on the gut microbiota, subsequently impacting on maintenance of well-being and disease onset or evolution, whose intimate influences and mechanisms are now starting to be disentangled. Thus, the consumption of dietary fiber and particular polysaccharides affects colonic fermentation processes involving short-chain fatty acid production, accompanying changes in the environmental pH, inhibiting Bacteroides spp., and rising levels of butyrate-producing Gram-positive bacteria. This scenario may contribute to the design of novel therapeutic approaches to manipulate gut microbiota to treat cardiovascular diseases and obesity. Indeed, cardiovascular risk may be indirectly dependent on pathways associated with microbe-induced obesity or diabetes through inflammation. Diverse components of the diet, including bioactive molecules with bactericidal functions, such as polyphenols, may play a role on intestinal mucosa inflammation and permeability and contribute to explaining the mutual interactions between obesity, diabetes, and adverse cardiovascular events.
An efficient logic block interconnect architecture for user-reprogrammable gate array (2002)

A novel architecture for an SRAM-based user-reprogrammable gate array which consists of programmable logic elements (PLEs), switching stations (SSs), wirings, and input/output blocks (IOBs) is discussed. The SS is designed to connect its neighboring PLEs and/or IOBs through only one NMOS pass transistor to maintain a sufficient signal level and reduce the delay in signal propagation. Hidden interconnection networks which directly merge neighboring PLEs were adopted to expand the number of inputs and product terms of combinational logic, and allow the construction of a parallel-to-serial/serial-to-parallel converter without using SSs. A fabricated CMOS prototype chip includes an 8 Kbit 50 ns temporary storage memory which is programmable to the random access mode or the FIFO mode with a word length of 4 bit or 8 bit.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Loss of Microbicidal Activity and Increased Formation of Biofilm Due to Decreased Lactoferrin Activity in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis (2004)

Intractable formation of biofilm by and infection with the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa are hallmarks of cystic fibrosis (CF). Lactoferrin, an innate immunity protein, has recently been shown to inhibit the formation of P. aeruginosa biofilm. Partial cleavage of lactoferrin by the proteases neutrophil elastase and Pseudomonas elastase has previously been described in CF. Here, we show that cathepsins in CF secretions are responsible for complete and rapid cleavage of lactoferrin. We demonstrate that levels of lactoferrin in P. aeruginosa-positive sputum samples are decreased when corrected for inflammatory burden and that P. aeruginosa-positive sputum samples have significantly higher cathepsin activity and significantly reduced ability to inhibit formation of biofilm, compared with P. aeruginosa-negative sputum samples. We also show that cleavage of lactoferrin by cathepsin results in loss of both its microbicidal and antibiofilm activity. Loss of such a vital innate immunity protein clearly has important implications for the pathogenesis of chronic P. aeruginosa lung infection in patients with CF.
Recent trends in drug delivery systems: liposomal drug delivery system--preparation and characterisation. (1997)

Liposomes are potential drug carriers for variety of drugs, therapeutic proteins and diagnostic agents. Drug entrapment ability of liposomes makes it more useful in targetting of drugs to specific site within the body. Major components of liposomes include lipids, water, drugs, electrolytes, antioxidants, preservatives and viscosity inducing agents. Considering the widespread use of liposomes in drug therapy and problem of physico-chemical instabilities of liposomes, this article aims at giving an insight into various methods of preparation of different types of liposomes like, unilamellar and multilamellar vesicles, consideration of some critical aspects of manufacturing processes and the characterization of liposomal drug delivery system in reference to vesicle size distribution, determination of residual organic phase in the phospholipid bilayer system, per cent drug encapsulation and identification.
Sustained Delivery of Proteins for Novel Therapeutic Products (1998)

R ecent developments in biotechnology have resulted in a number of powerful new protein therapies for many heretofore untreatable conditions, including hepatitis C, multiple sclerosis, hormonal disorders, and different cancers. In spite of this, the use of most protein drugs is limited by the
Relapse Prevention by Acamprosate (1996)

Acamprosate proved to be a safe and effective aid in treating alcohol-dependent patients and in maintaining the abstinence of patients during 2 years.
Coronary-Artery Stents (2006)

At present, 90 to 95 percent of percutaneous coronary interventions involve the implantation of a stent, often a drug-eluting stent, though most published data originated in the era of bare-metal stents. This article reviews the indications for and biology of coronary-artery stents, focusing on recent advances in drug-eluting stents.
Protection against damaged DNA in the single cell by polyphenols. (2002)

The protective properties of seven polyphenols against hydrogen peroxide induced DNA damage in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were studied using single cell micro-gel electrophoresis. Hydrogen peroxide causes a concentration-dependent increase in single cell DNA strand breakage in human PBL. Quercetin and 7,8-dihydroxy-4-methyl coumarin exhibited the strongest protection, significantly inhibiting 50 microM H2O2-induced DNA damage at a range of concentrations of 3.1-25 microM. Curcumin, resveratrol and vanillin protected against DNA damage induced by 50 microM H2O2 at a range of concentrations of 6.25-25 microM, but rutin and 7-hydroxy-4-methyl coumarin failed to provide any protection even at concentrations up to 50 microM. Quercetin, 7,8-dihydroxy-4-methyl coumarin, curcumin, resveratrol and vanillin are therefore effective in protection of human single cell DNA from oxidative attack.
Improved antitumor effects of immunotoxins prepared with deglycosylated ricin A-chain and hindered disulfide linkages. (1988)

A monoclonal anti-Thy-1.1 antibody (OX7) was coupled to either native or chemically deglycosylated ricin A-chain (dgA) using one of two different cross-linking agents. One cross-linker, N-succinimidyloxycarbonyl-alpha-methyl-alpha-(2-pyridyldithio)tolu ene (SMPT), generates a sterically hindered disulfide bond which is relatively resistant to reduction, whereas the other, 2-iminothiolane hydrochloride, generates an unhindered disulfide bond with greater lability. A two-compartment pharmacokinetic model was used to analyze the blood levels of each immunotoxin and its breakdown product (free antibody) after i.v. injection into mice. Immunotoxins prepared with SMPT broke down in vivo 6.3-fold more slowly than those prepared with 2-iminothiolane hydrochloride, and immunotoxins containing native A-chain were cleared 2- to 3-fold more rapidly from the bloodstream than those containing dgA. As a result, 24 h after injection, 16% of the OX7-SMPT-dgA remained in the blood as compared with 0.4 to 2.5% of the other immunotoxins. Immunotoxins prepared with dgA were about 3-fold more toxic to mice than those prepared with native A-chain, whereas immunotoxins prepared with SMPT were only slightly more toxic than those prepared with 2-iminothiolane hydrochloride. When equivalent toxic doses of the immunotoxins were administered i.v. to mice which had been given injections of Thy-1.1+ AKR-A/2 lymphoma cells, the OX7-SMPT-dgA gave the best antitumor effect. A dose equivalent to one-seventh of the median lethal dose extended the survival time of the animals by the extent expected if 99.999% of the tumor cells had been eradicated. Furthermore, the tumors that did develop in the mice treated with OX7-SMPT-dgA were mutants which were resistant to all the immunotoxins. Some of the mutants were deficient in Thy-1.1 whereas others were not. In conclusion, both the use of the SMPT cross-linker and deglycosylation of the A-chain significantly improve the therapeutic index of the immunotoxins in AKR-A/2 tumor-bearing mice.