gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measles Virus Receptors and Tropism (2006)

Measles virus (MV) is a member of the Morbillivirus genus in the Paramyxoviridae family. Human signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) acts as a cellular receptor for MV. SLAM is expressed on immature thymocytes, activated lymphocytes, macrophages and mature dendritic cells. This distribution of SLAM is in accord with lymphotropism and immunosuppressive nature of MV. Canine distemper and rinderpest viruses, other members of the Morbillivirus genus, also use SLAM as receptors. Laboratory-adapted MV strains often use ubiquitously expressed CD46 as an alternative receptor through the amino acid change(s) in the receptor-binding hemagglutinin. Furthermore, MV can infect various cultured cells, albeit with very low efficiency, via SLAM- and CD46-independent pathway, which may also account for MV infection of SLAM(-) cells in vivo.
Oxygen precipitation in silicon (1995)

A review is presented of the recent advances in the study of oxygen precipitation and of the main properties of oxide precipitates in silicon. After a general overview of the system ‘‘oxygen in silicon,’’ the thermodynamics and the kinetics of the precipitate formation are treated in detail, with major emphasis on the phenomenology; subsequently, the most important techniques for the characterization of the precipitates are illustrated together with the most interesting and recent results. Finally, the possible influence of oxygen precipitation on technological applications is stressed, with particular attention to recent results regarding device yield. Actually, the essential novelty of this review rests on the attempt to give an extended picture of what has been recently clarified by means of highly sophisticated diagnostic methods and of the influence of precipitation on the properties of semiconductor devices.
MAGE-A1-, MAGE-A10-, and gp100-Derived Peptides Are Immunogenic When Combined with Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor and Montanide ISA-51 Adjuvant and Administered as Part of a Multipeptide Vaccine for Melanoma (2005)

Twelve peptides derived from melanocyte differentiation proteins and cancer-testis Ags were combined and administered in a single mixture to patients with resected stage IIB, III, or IV melanoma. Five of the 12 peptides included in this mixture had not previously been evaluated for their immunogenicity in vivo following vaccination. We report in this study that at least three of these five peptides (MAGE-A1(96-104), MAGE-A10(254-262), and gp100(614-622)) are immunogenic when administered with GM-CSF in Montanide ISA-51 adjuvant. T cells secreting IFN-gamma in response to peptide-pulsed target cells were detected in peripheral blood and in the sentinel immunized node, the node draining a vaccine site, after three weekly injections. The magnitude of response typically reached a maximum after two vaccines, and though sometimes diminished thereafter, those responses typically were still detectable 6 wks after the last vaccines. Most importantly, tumor cell lines expressing the appropriate HLA-A restriction element and MAGE-A1, MAGE-A10, or gp100 proteins were lysed by corresponding CTL. This report supports the continued use of the MAGE-A1(96-104), MAGE-A10(254-262), and gp100(614-622) epitopes in peptide-based melanoma vaccines and thus expands the list of immunogenic peptide Ags available for human use. Cancer-testis Ags are expressed in multiple types of cancer; thus the MAGE-A1(96-104) and MAGE-A10(254-262) peptides may be considered for inclusion in vaccines against cancers of other histologic types, in addition to melanoma.
Structural features of the cell surface receptor for transferrin that is recognized by the monoclonal antibody OKT9. (1982)

The monoclonal antibody OKT9 reacts specifically with the receptors for transferrin on human cells (Sutherland, D. R., Delia, D., Schneider, C., Newman, R. A., Kemshead, J., and Greaves, M. F. (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 78, 4515-4519; in Leukemia Markers (Knapp, W., ed) pp. 157-160, Academic Press, New York) and has been used to isolate and characterize this receptor. The receptor is a dimeric glycoprotein (Mr = 180,000) composed of two subunits (Mr = 90,000) and has a pI of approximately 5.2. The transferrin receptor appears to be a transmembrane molecule and is phosphorylated, the phosphate group being predominantly on serine residues. The cell surface form of the molecular possesses both complex and high mannose oligosaccharide chains, which do not appear to have a direct role in antibody (OKT9) binding. The molecule can be cleaved into a Mr = 70,000 fragment from the cell surface, suggesting that the major part of the receptor is exposed to the extracellular environment. The released Mr = 70,000 fragments are not disulfide-linked and possess the antibody (OKT9)- and transferrin-binding sites. Cross-linking studies using radiolabeled transferrin suggest that two molecules of transferrin are bound to each Mr = 180,000 receptor dimer.
Amylolysis of raw corn by Aspergillus niger for simultaneous ethanol fermentation (1987)

The novelty of this approach was hydrolysis of the raw starch in ground corn to fermentable sugars that are simultaneously fermented to ethanol by yeast in a non-sterile environment. Thus, the conventional cooking step can be eliminated for energy conservation. A koji of Aspergillus niger grown on whole corn for 3 days was the crude enzyme source. A ratio of 0.2 g dry koji/g total solids was found sufficient. Optimum pH was 4.2. Ethanol concentration was 7.7% (w/w) in the aqueous phase with 92% raw starch conversion. Agitation increased rate. Sacharification was the rate-limiting step. The initial ethanol concentration preventing fermentation was estimated to be 8.3% by weight.
Reaction of aminocarbene complexes of chromium with alkynes. 1. Formation and rearrangement of ketene and nitrogen ylide complexes (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of aminocarbene complexes of chromium with alkynes. 1. Formation and rearrangement of ketene and nitrogen ylide complexesEvelyne Chelain, Regis Goumont, Louis Hamon, Andree Parlier, Michele Rudler, Henri Rudler, Jean Claude Daran, and Jacqueline VaissermannCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 21, 8088–8098Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00047a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00047a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views298Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
THE DNA TRANSLOCATING VERTEX OF DSDNA BACTERIOPHAGE (1985)

Human coronavirus (HCoV) infection causes respiratory diseases with mild to severe outcomes. In the last 15 years, we have witnessed the emergence of two zoonotic, highly pathogenic HCoVs: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and ...Read More
Two adjacent E box elements and a M‐CAT box are involved in the muscle‐specific regulation of the rat acetylcholine receptor β subunit gene (1993)

We have isolated and analysed the 5' flanking region of the rat acetylcholine receptor (AChR) beta subunit gene and determined regulatory elements that confer muscle specificity. Deletion mapping revealed a minimal TATA-box-less promoter region containing an initiator motif. An 85-bp fragment has been shown to promote high muscle-specific expression of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter construct upon transfection in primary muscle cells. This sequence can be functionally dissected in a basal muscle-specific promoter element carrying a M-CAT box that is flanked at the 5' end by an enhancer element with two binding sites for myogenic factors. Point mutations in the M-CAT box cause the loss of transcriptional activity of the basal promoter fragment. The enhancer activity depends on the presence of both E boxes that cooperate in a synergistic fashion. We therefore conclude that the control of muscle-specific and developmental expression of the rat AChR beta subunit gene requires both regulatory elements, the M-CAT box and two adjacent E boxes, located in close proximity to each other. Cotransfection experiments in NIH3T3 cells demonstrate that the rat AChR beta subunit gene can be transactivated by myogenic factors displaying a preference for myogenin, as well as MRF4 and myf5 compared to a clearly weaker responsiveness to MyoD1.
DNA damage with liposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI) in pancreatic cancer xenografts: Multimodal analysis of deposition characteristics. (2018)

e16205 Background: nal-IRI facilitates intratumoral drug deposition through enhanced permeability and retention, with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analyses demonstrating an extended circulation of the liposome and its encapsulated payload. Here we investigate nal-IRI and non-liposomal irinotecan (IRI-HCl) in pancreatic tumor models. Methods: AsPC-1, BxPC-3 and CFPAC-1 tumors were grown in NOD-SCID mice, with animals dosed q7d with IRI-HCl (25‒50 mg/kg) or nal-IRI (5‒10 mg/kg) to evaluate efficacy under equivalent exposure. To assess PK/PD, samples were collected at multiple timepoints up to 72 h (IRI-HCl) and 168 h (nal-IRI) and evaluated for liposome localization, macrophage, tumor and vessel markers, DNA damage and apoptosis. Results: At equal dose levels, nal-IRI resulted in prolonged circulation and tumor exposure of IRI and active metabolite SN-38. Nal-IRI increased the duration of active metabolite above a hypothetical threshold compared with IRI-HCl, with an improved control of growth rates in pancreatic tumor models even at 5x lower doses. DNA damage in BxPC-3 tumors with IRI-HCl and nal-IRI was comparable, but maximal at 6 h after IRI-HCl (50 mg/kg) and 72 h after nal-IRI (10 mg/kg). Liposomes deposited in tumors heterogeneously around functional vessels. Accumulation peaked after 6–24 h, with similar deposition patterns in cell– or patient–derived xenografts. Liposomes were taken up by macrophages and to lesser extent by tumor or other stromal cells. Similar patterns were observed in a pancreatic PDX models. DNA damage was observed 24–72 h after treatment, mostly in tumor cells even without internalized liposomes. DNA damage and apoptosis were minimally seen in non-tumor cells. Induction of apoptosis was more prevalent in tumor cells even at lower liposomal uptake levels, while most non-tumor cells showing liposome uptake did not undergo apoptosis. Conclusions: Nal-IRI improved tumoral payload deposition in pancreatic models, with heterogeneous deposition restricted to perivascular areas. DNA damage patterns suggests sufficient intratumoral bioavailability of SN-38 outside of deposition areas. Effects of repeated dosing should be explored.
Synthesis and Characterization of 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane-Modified Superparamagnetic Magnetite Nanoparticles (2004)

Abstract The aminosilane-modified magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized by the coprecipitation and surface modification with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTTS). The superparamagnetic APTTS/Fe3O4 nanospheres with an average diameter of 10 nm were characterized significantly with functional group, well dispersion and stabilization in aqueous fluids, as well as a maximized saturation magnetization of 63.54 emu/g.
Crystallographic Etching Phenomenon during Plasma Etching of SiC (100) Thin Films in  SF 6 (1989)

Crystallographic faceting of unmasked monocrystalline (100) thin film surfaces during plasma etching in has been observed using scanning electron microscopy. Although the faceting produced a rough surface, Auger electron spectroscopy showed it to be very chemically clean, having less native oxide than unetched . The facets were determined to be {210} planes using a combination of selected area channeling and small angle tilt measurements. The facet nucleation appears to be surface sensitive and is caused by either crystal defects or compounds formed by reaction of with adsorbed gases on the sample and chamber wall. It is proposed that the subsequent facet growth is due to a surface reconstruction that causes the {210} planes to etch slower.
An analytical cache model (1989)

Trace-driven simulation and hardware measurement are the techniques most often used to obtain accurate performance figures for caches. The former requires a large amount of simulation time to evaluate each cache configuration while the latter is restricted to measurements of existing caches. An analytical cache model that uses parameters extracted from address traces of programs can efficiently provide estimates of cache performance and show the effects of varying cache parameters. By representing the factors that affect cache performance, we develop an analytical model that gives miss rates for a given trace as a function of cache size, degree of associativity, block size, subblock size, multiprogramming level, task switch interval, and observation interval. The predicted values closely approximate the results of trace-driven simulations, while requiring only a small fraction of the computation cost.
Axonal Degeneration Is Regulated by the Apoptotic Machinery or a NAD + -Sensitive Pathway in Insects and Mammals (2010)

Selective degeneration of neuronal projections and neurite pruning are critical for establishment and maintenance of functional neural circuits in both insects and mammals. However, the molecular mechanisms that govern developmental neurite pruning versus injury-induced neurite degeneration are still mostly unclear. Here, we show that the effector caspases 6 and 3 are both expressed within axons and that, on trophic deprivation, they exhibit distinct modes of activation. Surprisingly, inhibition of caspases is not sufficient for axonal protection and a parallel modulation of a NAD(+)-sensitive pathway is required. The proapoptotic protein BAX is a key element in both pathways as its genetic ablation protected sensory axons against developmental degeneration both in vitro and in vivo. Last, we demonstrate that both pathways are also involved in developmental dendritic pruning in Drosophila. More specifically, the mouse Wld(S) (Wallerian degeneration slow) protein, which is mainly composed of the full-length sequence of the NAD(+) biosynthetic Nmnat1 enzyme, can suppress dendritic pruning in C4da (class IV dendritic arborization) sensory neurons in parallel to the fly effector caspases. These findings indicate that two distinct autodestruction pathways act separately or in concert to regulate developmental neurite pruning.
High performance micropane electron beam window (2000)

A silicon disk etched so that it contains a multitude of microscopic and thin window panes (micropanes) can potentially transmit a larger average electron beam current density and absorb a smaller fraction of the beam energy than a common metal foil window. The enhanced performance is achieved by a combination of decreased power loss due to the extremely small window thickness (∼1 μm), and increased conductive cooling due to the small diameter (∼50 μm) of the micropanes and the large cross section of the honeycomb structure that supports the micropanes. Beam current densities up to 34 A/cm2 are permitted within each micropane. When integrated over many micropanes across the face of a window, average current densities up to 1 A/cm2 are permitted—at least three orders of magnitude larger than the &amp;lt;mA/cm2 typical of foil windows. The small mass thickness yields high transparency, even for low energy beams. The transmission efficiency for a 100 keV beam is 99.5.
Long-Range Surface Plasmon-Enhanced Fluorescence Spectroscopy Biosensor for Ultrasensitive Detection of E. coli O157:H7 (2011)

A new biosensor platform for the detection of bacterial pathogens based on long-range surface plasmon-enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy (LRSP-FS) is presented. The resonant excitation of LRSP modes provides an enhanced intensity of the electromagnetic field, which is directly translated to an increased strength of fluorescence signal measured upon the capture of target analyte at the sensor surface. LRSPs originate from a coupling of surface plasmons across a thin metallic film embedded in dielectrics with similar refractive indices. With respect to regular surface plasmon-enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy, the excitation of LRSPs offers the advantage of a larger enhancement of the evanescent field intensity and a micrometer probing depth that is comparable to the size of target bacterial pathogens. The potential of the developed sensor platform is demonstrated in an experiment in which the detection of E. coli O157:H7 was carried out using sandwich immunoassays. The limit of detection below 10 cfu mL−1 and detection time of 40 min were achieved.
Identification of a Novel Transcriptional Repressor Encoded by Human Cytomegalovirus (2001)

The expression of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) genes during viral replication is precisely regulated, with the interactions of both transcriptional activators and repressors determining the level of gene expression. One gene of HCMV, the US3 gene, is transcriptionally repressed early in infection. Repression of US3 expression requires viral infection and protein synthesis and is mediated through a DNA sequence, the transcriptional repressive element. In this report, we identify the protein that represses US3 transcription as the product of the HCMV UL34 open reading frame. The protein encoded by UL34 (pUL34) binds to the US3 transcriptional repressive element in yeast and in vitro. pUL34 localizes to the nucleus and alone is sufficient for repression of US3 expression. The data presented here, along with earlier data (B. J. Biegalke, J. Virol. 72:5457-5463, 1998), suggests that pUL34 binding of the transcriptional repressive element prevents transcription initiation complex formation.
Resveratrol as a Chemopreventive Agent: A Promising Molecule for Fighting Cancer (2006)

Resveratrol (3,4',5 tri-hydroxystilbene) is a phytoalexin produced in hudge amount in grapevine skin in response to infection by Bothrytis cinerea. This production of resveratrol blocks the proliferation of the pathogen, thereby acting as a natural antibiotic. Numerous studies have reported interesting properties of trans-resveratrol as a preventive agent against important pathologies i.e. vascular diseases, cancers, viral infection or neurodegenerative processes. Moreover, several epidemiological studies have revealed that resveratrol is probably one of the main microcomponents of wine responsible for its health benefits such as prevention of vaso-coronary diseases and cancer. Resveratrol acts on the process of carcinogenesis by affecting the three phases: tumor initiation, promotion and progression phases and suppresses the final steps of carcinogenesis, i.e. angiogenesis and metastasis. It is also able to activate apoptosis, to arrest the cell cycle or to inhibit kinase pathways. Interestingly, resveratrol does not present any cytotoxicity in animal models. Moreover, concentrations of resveratrol in blood seem to be sufficient for anti-invasive activity. The enterohepatic recirculation may contribute to a delayed elimination of the drug from the body and bring about a prolonged effect. By its binding to plasmatic proteins, resveratrol also exhibits a prolonged effect. Interestingly, low doses of resveratrol can sensitize to low doses of cytotoxic drugs and so provide an innovative strategy to enhance the efficacy of anticancer therapy in various human cancers. By these properties, resveratrol appears to be a good candidate in chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic strategies and is believed to be a novel weapon for new therapeutic strategies.
Changes in actin distribution during fertilization of the mouse egg (1984)

Unfertilized mouse oocytes and eggs 1-8 h after fertilization in vitro were examined at the light microscope level for structural changes, distribution of actin (as assessed by both antiactin antibodies and NBD-phallicidin), surface binding of concanavalin A (Con A) and chromosomal distribution and condensation. The influence of cytochalasin D on these events was also assessed. Changes in actin distribution were associated with rotation of the second anaphase spindle, formation of the second polar body, the events following incorporation of the sperm nucleus, and formation and migration of the pronuclei. Cytochalasin D prevented spindle rotation, polar body formation, pronuclear migration and the restoration of Con A binding over the site of sperm entry and the site of polar body formation, but did not affect sperm fusion and entry, the loss of Con A binding at the site of sperm entry and pronuclear formation.
Preneoplasia of the breast. (1997)

The present review emphasizes the pathology of premalignant ductal breast diseases, based on a three-cell concept of the breast. Immunohistochemical analyses using smooth-muscle actin, keratin 5/6, keratin 8/18/19 and MiB-1 proliferation antibodies demonstrated three different cell types in the normal breast: k 5/6 positive committed progenitor cells, k 8/18/19 positive glandular cells and smooth-muscle actin-positive myoepithelial cells. All hyperplastic lesions were shown to contain a mixture of those cells. According to their components, the hyperplastic lesions were subdivided into epithelial-myoepithelial, purely epithelial and myoepithelial lesions. All usual epithelial hyperplasias (= ductal hyperplasias) were composed of committed progenitor cells and glandular cells. On the contrary, ductal carcinoma in situ showed a monotonous cell pattern which, in the majority of cases, express k 8/18/19 and, in a minority (10-15%), k 5/6, signifying an unidirectional differentiation.