gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[A rare cause of stroke in a patient with a cardiac pacemaker]. (2002)

The authors report the case of a 78 year old woman admitted to hospital for recurrent cerebrovascular accidents, the initial investigation of which was normal. This pacemaker patient had a displacement of the definitive ventricular pacing catheter which was positioned in the left ventricle through a patent foramen ovale. The diagnosis was suspected on clinical and echocardiographic examination and confirmed by transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography. In view of the risk of systemic embolism, the pacing catheter was repositioned by an endovascular approach in the right ventricle.
Immunohistochemical distribution of type IV collagenase in normal, benign, and malignant breast tissue. (1990)

Production of type IV collagenase by tumor cells has been linked to their metastatic potential in several experimental models. A possible role for this enzyme in basement membrane type IV collagen turnover has also been suggested. Two recently developed affinity-purified, monospecific antibodies directed against the amino terminus (H1), or an internal active site domain (metal binding region [MBR]) of human type IV collagenase, were employed in the avidin-biotin-immunoperoxidase technique in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded breast tissue samples from 55 patients. Intense cytoplasmic immunostaining of myoepithelial cells was found in normal and hyperplastic tissue, and discontinuous staining was noted in intraductal carcinomas. Luminal epithelial cells were negative or weakly positive in large- or medium-sized ducts but reacted frequently in normal terminal ducts and hyperplastic lesions. Epithelial cells in intraductal carcinomas exhibited immunoreactivity in 20 of 23 cases. Invasive carcinomas were positive in 36 of 40 cases, and metastatic cells in lymph nodes stained in 10 of 12 cases. These results support a role for type IV collagenase in the basement membrane remodeling of normal breast. Our findings suggest that myoepithelial cells play a pivotal role in this enzymatic activity. The high percentage of positive cells in invasive carcinomas and the strong immunoreactivity of lymph node metastases support the role of the enzyme in tumor invasion and metastasis and suggest that tumor cells are the essential source of the enzyme in these processes.
Transcription inhibition by flavopiridol: mechanism of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell death (2005)

Flavopiridol is active against chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells in vitro and in the treatment of advanced stage disease, but the mechanisms of these actions remain unclear. Originally developed as a general cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, flavopiridol is a potent transcriptional suppressor through the inhibition of positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb; CDK9/cyclin T). P-TEFb phosphorylates the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II to promote transcriptional elongation. Because most CLL cells are not actively cycling, and their viability is dependent upon the continuous expression of antiapoptotic proteins, we hypothesized that flavopiridol induces apoptosis in CLL cells through the transcriptional down-regulation of such proteins. This study demonstrated that flavopiridol inhibited the phosphorylation of the CTD of RNA polymerase II in primary CLL cells and reduced RNA synthesis. This was associated with a decline of the transcripts and the levels of short-lived antiapoptotic proteins such as myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1), and resulted in the induction of apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein level remained stable, although its mRNA was consistently reduced, suggesting that the outcome of transcriptional inhibition by flavopiridol is governed by the intrinsic stability of the individual transcripts and proteins. The dependence of CLL-cell survival on short-lived oncoproteins may provide the biochemical basis for the therapeutic index in response to flavopiridol.
SustainedIn VivoInhibition of Protein Domains Using Single-Chain Fv Recombinant Antibodies and Its Application to Dissect RGMa Activity on Axonal Outgrowth (2009)

Antibodies are powerful tools for delineating the specific function of protein domains, yet several limitations restrict their in vivo applicability. Here we present a new method to obtain sustained in vivo inhibition of specific protein domains using recombinant antibodies. We show that long term in vivo expression of single-chain Fv (scFv) fragments in the developing CNS can be achieved through retroviral transduction. Moreover, specific scFvs generated against the N- and C-terminal domains of the repulsive guidance molecule, RGMa, prevent proper axon targeting in the visual system. This work reveals a previously unappreciated role for the RGMa N-terminal domain in axon guidance, and provides a novel, broadly applicable and rapid procedure to functionally antagonize any protein domain in vivo.
Band Neutrophil Counts are Unnecessary for the Diagnosis of Infection in Patients with Normal Total Leukocyte Counts (1994)

The authors have assessed the clinical value of an "accurate" band count as a correlate to infection in 33 patients with a culture proven bacterial infection and a normal total leukocyte count. Thirty hematologically normal outpatients, presumably with no infections, were selected for the control group. Manual 500 cell differentials were performed on each subject in both groups. The absolute and percent band count, the absolute and percent total neutrophil count, and the presence of neutrophils more immature than bands were analyzed for their ability to identify the patients with an infection. The presence of neutrophils more immature than bands and the absolute neutrophil count are the two values that best separated the infected patients from the outpatients, even though the selected patients had a normal total leukocyte count. The band count had minimal value for identifying infected patients. Other studies were reviewed regarding the utility of band counts. The authors conclude that manual band counts are unnecessary because when accompanied by a clinical assessment of the patient, automated instruments accurately provide the appropriate hematologic data that may aid in the diagnosis of infection.
Analysis of extended human leukocyte antigen haplotype association with Addison's disease in three populations (2007)

HLA-DRB1*0403 was identified as a novel susceptibility allele for Addison's disease. Additionally, we found no evidence of a non-class II HLA disease susceptibility locus; however, the HLA-DR3-DQ2 haplotype appeared more conserved in patient groups with high DR-DQ2 frequencies.
SRAM with c-axis aligned crystalline oxide semiconductor: Power leakage reduction technique for microprocessor caches (2014)

SRAM with backup circuits using a crystalline oxide semiconductor (OS) (e.g., a c-axis aligned crystalline oxide semiconductor (CAAC-OS) typified by CAAC In-Ga-Zn oxide (CAAC-IGZO)) is reported. Results of cell-level simulation based on 45-nm Si/100-nm OS process technology show backup time of 3.9 ns, recovery time of 2.0 ns, and break-even time of 21.7 ns. The OS-SRAM cell can replace a standard-SRAM cell without area overhead, which does not significantly affect normal operation. A 32-bit microprocessor test chip (350-nm Si/180-nm OS technology) with cache memory including the OS-SRAM was fabricated to demonstrate the intended normal and power-gating operations. The test chip demonstrated 97.6% standby power saving.
STUDIES ON POLYMERIZATION AND RING FORMATION. V. GLYCOL ESTERS OF OXALIC ACID (1930)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSTUDIES ON POLYMERIZATION AND RING FORMATION. V. GLYCOL ESTERS OF OXALIC ACIDWallace H. Carothers, J. A. Arvin, and G. L. DoroughCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1930, 52, 8, 3292–3300Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1930Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1930https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01371a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01371a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views522Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sequence2Vec: a novel embedding approach for modeling transcription factor binding affinity landscape (2017)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Short-Term Intensive Treatment for Donors with Hepatic Steatosis in Living-Donor Liver Transplantation (2005)

The results of this study indicate that our short-term treatment effectively reduced steatosis and contributed to safer LDLT. Our findings also suggest that even severely steatotic livers can be used for LDLT grafting subsequent to our short-term treatment regimen.
Photolithographic fabrication method of computer-generated holographic interferograms (1989)

We consider the fabrication of high-quality interferogram-type diffractive optical elements with conventional photolithographic techniques and compare the results with those achievable with electron-beam lithography. The fringes associated with the phase transfer function of the binary phase holographic interferogram are approximated with rectangles, which can be realized at submicron accuracy using a pattern generator and step-and-repeat camera. The effects of the rectangle quantization are analyzed both numerically and experimentally with the aid of diffraction patterns produced by simple focusing elements. Both resolution and diffraction efficiency of the best holograms approach their theoretical values.
Delivery of the p53 tumor suppressor gene into lung cancer cells by an adenovirus/DNA complex. (1997)

An adenovirus/DNA complex was constructed by chemically linking poly-L-lysine to the capsid of the replication-defective adenovirus dl312, allowing for coupling with plasmid DNA by an ionic interaction. We have previously demonstrated that this adenovirus/DNA complex can efficiently transduce malignant cells with a plasmid expressing the beta-galactosidase gene both in vitro and in vivo. In this report, we show that this system can deliver a therapeutic gene that encodes for the tumor suppressor protein p53 to lung cancer cells, both in vitro and in vivo, leading to significant biological effects. Transfection of the p53-negative human lung cancer cell line H1299 with the adenovirus/DNA complex carrying a plasmid expressing the p53 gene resulted in high levels of p53 protein and induction of apoptosis. Injection of the complex carrying the p53 gene to subcutaneous tumor sites 5 days after tumor cell implantation resulted in a significant inhibition of tumorigenicity as measured by the number and size of tumors that developed 21 days after treatment. Three and six injections of the complex carrying the p53 gene into H1299 subcutaneous tumor nodules led to significant dose-related tumor growth suppression 18 days after the first injection compared with control-treated tumors. This adenovirus/DNA complex, therefore, is capable of efficiently delivering the p53 gene into malignant cells in vitro and in vivo and now provides a general gene delivery vector that is simple to construct and capable of testing therapeutic genes in malignant cells.
Relationship of glutathione depletion and inhibition of glutathione-S-transferase activity to the antimitotic properties of estramustine. (1986)

A depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH) is accompanied by a subsequent inhibition of GSH-S-transferase activity in a DU145 human prostatic carcinoma cell line treated with cytotoxic concentrations of estramustine. When GSH depletion reached approximately 50% of normal (approximately 2 hours after 10 microM estramustine), the mitotic index of logarithmically dividing cultures began to increase. A linear increase from 3.14% to 22.5% occurred during the period of 2-24 hours following 10 microM estramustine. Morphological studies showed that mitotic figures accumulated in metaphase and had abnormalities consistent with spindle malformation. Nocodazole and cytochalasin B also possess anticytoskeletal properties, but had little effect upon the intracellular levels of GSH or its associated transferase enzymes. The constituent moieties of estramustine, estradiol, and nor-mechlorethamine had effects on thiol metabolism which were dissimilar from estramustine, confirming previous findings that the unmetabolized parent drug is responsible for pharmacological activity. Estramustine had no effect upon GSH reductase activity, suggesting that drug toxicity was not a general thiol phenomenon. Buthionine sulfoximine decreased intracellular GSH in DU145 cells and enhanced the cytotoxic potential of estramustine in this cell line. The anticytoskeletal and antimitotic properties of estramustine may be enhanced by the drug-induced GSH imbalance and subsequent effects on GSH-S-transferase enzymes.
Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy against cholera challenge in humans of a typhoid-cholera hybrid vaccine derived from Salmonella typhi Ty21a (1990)

A live oral vaccine consisting of attenuated Salmonella typhi Ty21a expressing Vibrio cholerae O1 Inaba lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O antigen was constructed and tested in volunteers for safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy. Fourteen adults ingested three doses of 10(10) viable organisms with buffer. One month later, 8 vaccinees and 13 unimmunized controls were challenged with 10(6) pathogenic V. cholerae O1 E1 T or Inaba organisms. No significant adverse reactions to vaccination were observed. All volunteers had significant rises in serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody to S. typhi LPS. Only 2 (14%) of 14 had significant rises in serum IgA or IgG antibody to Inaba LPS, and 5 (36%) of 14 had fourfold rises in vibriocidal antibody. In the challenge study, diarrhea occurred in 13 of 13 controls and 6 of 8 vaccinees (vaccine efficacy, 25%; P = 0.13). The vaccine significantly reduced the severity of the clinical illness (P less than 0.05) and caused decreased excretion of challenge vibrios (P less than 0.05). Although the typhoid-cholera hybrid vaccine did not provide significant protection overall against experimental cholera, this study demonstrates the importance of antibody to V. cholerae O antigen in ameliorating clinical illness and illustrates the use of an S. typhi carrier vaccine strain expressing a foreign antigen.
Prediction of the structure of human Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) comprising JAK homology domains 1 through 7 (2002)

A theoretical model of human Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) comprising all seven Janus homology domains is presented. The model was generated by application of homology modelling approaches. The three-dimensional structure contains, starting from the N-terminus, FERM (4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin), SH2 (Src homology region 2), tyrosine kinase-like, and tyrosine kinase domains. The predicted inter-domain orientation in JAK2 is discussed and the currently existing mutational data for Janus kinases are evaluated. Structural details of the SH2 and the FERM domains are presented. The predictions indicate that the SH2 domain is not fully functional. A number of hydrophobic amino acids of the FERM domain that are predicted to be involved in the constitutive association with the cytokine receptors are highlighted. The model gives new insights into the structure-function relationship of this important protein, and areas that could be investigated by mutation studies are highlighted.
Inhibition of glutathione synthesis augments lysis of murine tumor cells by sulfhydryl-reactive antineoplastics. (1983)

GSH plays an important role in cellular defense against a wide variety of toxic electrophiles via the formation of thioether conjugates. We studied the role of GSH in murine tumor cell defense against a novel class of sulfhydryl-reactive antineoplastics, the sesquiterpene lactones (SL). Incubation of P815 mastocytoma cells with any of the four SL tested (vernolepin, helenalin, elephantopin, and eriofertopin) for 1 h resulted in 70-97% depletion of GSH. The importance of GSH resynthesis upon exposure of tumor cells to SL was evaluated with the use of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a selective, nontoxic inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of GSH synthesis with 0.2 mM BSO markedly enhanced SL-mediated cytolysis of four murine tumor cell lines. A 6- to 34-fold reduction in the amount of SL causing 50% lysis was obtained with BSO. Addition of BSO to P815cells either during or immediately after a 1-h pulse with 10 micrograms/ml of vernolepin increased cytolysis from less than 3% to 78-82%. However, a 1.5-h delay in the addition of BSO to such cells, which allowed for substantial resynthesis of GSH, reduced cytolysis to 30%. Recovery of GSH synthetic capacity after BSO treatment correlated with loss of the synergistic effect of BSO on lysis by vernolepin. BSO did not augment cytolysis by six other antineoplastics (doxorubicin, mitomycin C, vinblastine, cytosine arabinoside, maytansine, and 1,3-bis-[2-chloroethyl]-1-nitrosourea [BCNU]). Of these, only BCNU depleted cellular GSH. Lysis by jatrophone, another GSH-depleting antitumor agent, was increased 21-fold by BSO. Since prolonged incubation with BSO alone results in near-complete GSH depletion without loss of cell viability, SL-mediated cytolysis is probably not a result of GSH depletion. We have demonstrated, however, a critical role for GSH synthetic capacity as a determinant of tumor cell susceptibility to cytolysis by SL. GSH also plays an important role in cellular defense against oxidative injury. Vernolepin, acting as a GSH-depleting agent, markedly sensitized tumor cells to lysis by H2O2 (greater than 6.5-fold increase with 20 micrograms/ml of vernolepin). These findings suggest the possibility that the coordinated deployment of sulfhydryl-reactive antitumor agents, BSO, and oxidative injury might constitute an effective chemotherapeutic strategy.
Molecular species of glycerophospholipids and sphingomyelins of human plasma: Comparison to red blood cells (1989)

In addition to diacyl glycerophosphocholine and sphingomyelin, human plasma also contains small amounts of other glycerophospholipids, which may have special metabolic function. The structure and origin of these minor plasma lipids has not been determined. Knowledge of the detailed composition of the phospholipids of red blood cells (Myher et al., Lipids 24, 1989) permits evaluation of one of the possible sources. This study reports the detailed analyses of plasma glycerophospholipids made in parallel to those of the erythrocyte lipids obtained from the same blood using HPLC and GLC methods. The proportions of the major phospholipid classes in the plasma and erythrocytes were similar to published values, including the essential absence of diradyl glycerophosphoserine from plasma. Plasma diradyl glycerophosphocholine contained 93.0% diacyl, 3.4% alkylkacyl and 3.6% alkenylacyl, whereas the diradyl glycerophosphoethanolamine consisted of 71.8% alkenylacyl, 19.9% diacyl and 8.3% alkylacyl subclasses. The diradyl glycerophosphoinositol was 100% diacyl. The content of the minor subclasses of plasma diradyl glycerophosphocholine is similar to that of the red cells, but the ether content of the diradyl glycerophosphoethanolamine is higher in plasma than in cells. The lipid ether subclasses of plasma glycerophospholipids also contained a higher proportion of the C20, C22 and C24 alkyl and alkenyl chains than those of the cells. Furthermore, the C16 and C18-containing species in diradyl glycerophosphoethanolamine subclasses varied with the nature of the polyunsaturated acid, whereas in diradyl glycerophosphocholine subclasses the polyunsaturated acids were combined with the C16 and C18 acids in equal proportions. The significant differences in the molecular species of glycerophospholipids and sphingomyelin between plasma and red cells would appear to limit any direct transfer or equilibration of their lipid components.
Differential and tissue-specific expression of a gene family for tyrosine/dopa decarboxylase in opium poppy. (1994)

Two early and potential rate-limiting steps in the biosynthesis of isoquinoline alkaloids, such as morphine and codeine, in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) involve decarboxylation of L-tyrosine and L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) to yield tyramine and dopamine, respectively. A DNA fragment was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using degenerate primers designed to two highly conserved domains found in other aromatic amino acid decarboxylases. A poppy seedling cDNA library was screened with this PCR product and a cDNA (cTYDC1) for tyrosine/dopa decarboxylase (TYDC/DODC) was isolated. Two other independent cDNAs (cTYDC2 and cTYDC3) encoding TYDC/DODC were isolated by heterologous screening with a plant tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) cDNA as probe. A poppy genomic library was screened with cTYDC1 and two intronless genomic clones (gTYDC1 and gTYDC4) were isolated. The deduced amino acid sequences of all poppy clones share extensive identity with other reported pyridoxal phosphate-dependent decarboxylases from both plants and animals. Based on sequence homology, members of the gene family were divided into two subsets (cTYDC1 and gTYDC4; cTYDC2 and cTYDC3) of proteins with predicted M(r) = 56,983 and 59,323, respectively. Within each subset the clones exhibit greater than 90% identity, whereas clones between subsets share less than 75% identity. Expression of gTYDC1 and cTYDC2 as beta-galactosidase fusion proteins in Escherichia coli resulted in catalytically active enzymes immunodetectable with TDC-specific polyclonal antibodies. Each enzyme showed marginally higher substrate specificity for L-dopa over L-tyrosine, but did not accept L-tryptophan and L-phenylalanine as substrates. Genomic DNA blot-hybridization analysis revealed 6 to 8 genes homologous to cTYDC1 and 4 to 6 genes homologous to cTYDC2 in the tetraploid poppy genome. A premature translation stop codon was found in the gTYDC4 clone suggesting that it may not encode a functional protein. RNA blot-hybridization with probes specific to the gTYDC1- or cTYDC2-like subsets showed that members of the TYDC gene family are differentially expressed in various plant tissues.
A Nuclear Localization Signal Is Essential for Stress-induced Dimer-to-Trimer Transition of Heat Shock Transcription Factor 3 (2000)

Expression of heat shock genes is regulated mainly at the level of transcription by heat shock transcription factors (HSFs). In avian, HSF1 and HSF3 are maintained in a cryptic monomer and dimer form, respectively, in the cytoplasm in the absence of stress. Upon heat stress, they undergo conformational change associated with the formation of a trimer and nuclear translocation. In this study, we identified regions that are necessary for the dimer-to-trimer transition of chicken HSF3 (cHSF3) upon stress conditions. One of these regions coincides with a functional nuclear localization signal (NLS) of cHSF3 that was recognized by a nuclear transport receptor importin alpha. Point mutations of basic amino acids in the NLS inhibit both nuclear translocation and trimer formation of cHSF3. These results demonstrate that the NLS acts positively on the trimer formation of cHSF3 upon stress conditions.