gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computer-Assisted Mechanistic Evaluation of Organic Reactions. 25. Structure Diagram Positioning (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComputer-Assisted Mechanistic Evaluation of Organic Reactions. 25. Structure Diagram PositioningHarold E. Helson and William L. JorgensenCite this: J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1994, 34, 4, 962–971Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ci00020a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ci00020a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views38Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Nicotine and attention in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). (1996)

Nicotine, like the psychostimulants methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine, acts as an indirect dopamine agonist and improves attention and arousal. Adults and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) smoke much more frequently than normal individuals or those with other psychiatric conditions, perhaps as a form of self-medication for ADHD symptoms. Nicotine might therefore have some value as a treatment for ADHD. The present study is an acute double-blind crossover administration of nicotine and placebo with smokers (n = 6) and nonsmokers (n = 11) diagnosed with adult ADHD. The drug was delivered via a transdermal patch at a dosage of 7 mg/day for nonsmokers and 21 mg/day for smokers. Results indicate significant clinician-rated global improvement, self-rated vigor and concentration, and improved performance on chronometric measures of attention and timing accuracy. Side effects were minimal. These acute results indicate the need for a longer clinical trial and a comparison with other stimulants in adult ADHD treatment.
User experience research group (1998)

article Free Access Share on User experience research group: understanding the complete user interaction Author: Daniel M. Russell View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGCHI BulletinVolume 30Issue 2April 1998 pp 90–94https://doi.org/10.1145/279044.279166Published:01 April 1998Publication History 0citation190DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads190Last 12 Months17Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
High-resolution OCDR in dispersive waveguides (1990)

In the analysis of integrated optical waveguide structures by coherence-domain reflectometry, spatial resolution may be seriously impaired by second order dispersion of the waveguides under test and by the presence of structures in the source spectrum. An algorithm for evaluation of measured interferograms is presented to correct for these effects. It is based on Fourier and wavenumber scale transformations.
Activating and inhibitory heparin sequences for FGF-2 (basic FGF). Distinct requirements for FGF-1, FGF-2, and FGF-4. (1993)

Chlorate-treated Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts, with impaired synthesis of heparan sulfate proteoglycan, were used as target cells in assessing the ability of exogenous heparin-derived saccharides to promote the mitogenic activity of basic fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2). Full-size native heparin (carrying iduronosyl 2-O-sulfate and glucosaminyl 6-O-sulfate groups), as well as a dodecasaccharide fraction isolated after limited deaminative cleavage of heparin, were efficient promoters, whereas the corresponding decasaccharides, or smaller oligosaccharides, were inactive. Neither selectively 2-O-desulfated nor preferentially 6-O-desulfated heparin were active. However, the latter derivative competed with native heparin for binding to FGF-2 and thus blocked the ability of native heparin to promote the mitogenic activity of FGF-2. The 6-O-desulfated heparin also prevented the ability of FGF-2 to suppress myogenic differentiation in MM14 mouse myoblasts. The binding region for FGF-2 has been identified as a pentasaccharide sequence containing a single essential O-sulfate group, at C2 of iduronic acid (1). It is proposed that the dodecasaccharide sequence required to promote receptor signaling by FGF-2 encompasses this pentasaccharide region, which binds the growth factor, and a site interacting with the receptor that contains essential 2-O- and 6-O-sulfate groups. Similar studies involving the related growth factors, FGF-1 and FGF-4, revealed differential effects of saccharides. The mitogenic effect induced by FGF-1 thus was not blocked by either the 2-O- or the 6-O-desulfated heparins. However, both of these derivatives, at high concentrations, promote mitogenic activity of FGF-4. It is concluded that specific saccharide sequences within heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan chains favor the signaling by distinct members of the FGF family.
Surface Structures of SrTiO3 (001):  A TiO2-rich Reconstruction with a c(4 × 2) Unit Cell (2003)

We report the solution of the c(4 x 2) reconstruction of SrTiO(3) (001), obtained through a combination of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, direct methods analysis, and density functional theory. The structure is characterized by a single overlayer of TiO(2) stoichiometry in which TiO(5) polyhedra are arranged into edge-shared structures, in contrast to the corner-shared TiO(6) polyhedra in bulk. This structural pattern is similar to that reported by us earlier for the (2 x 1) reconstruction of the same crystal face formed at higher temperature. We discuss probable mechanisms of surface stabilization as revealed by these two solutions which are likely to apply to other reconstructions of SrTiO(3) (001) and, possibly, other perovskites in general.
Thermodynamic model for water and high-pressure ices up to 2.2GPa and down to the metastable domain (2007)

We propose a thermodynamic model of the properties of liquid water and ices I, III, V, and VI that can be used in the ranges of 0-2200 MPa and 180-360 K. This model is the first to be applicable to all H(2)O phases in these wide ranges, which exceed the stability domain of all phases. Developing empirical or semiempirical expressions for the specific volumes of liquid water or ices has been necessary. The model has been tested on available experimental data sets. The specific volume of liquid water is reproduced with an accuracy better than 1%. The error on the specific volume of ices remains within 2%. The model has also been used to describe the melting curves of high-pressure ice polymorphs and compared with new Simon equations fitting available data. Our calculations suggest a slight revision of the triple point positions in the H(2)O phase diagram. We have ensured the reliability of our model up to 1.5 GPa, and we have shown that it can be used with good confidence up to 2.2 GPa. In order to show the validity of this model in the low-temperature domains, the melting curve of ice Ih in the water-ammonia system has been modeled. This curve is reproduced with good accuracy down to 180 K, at a 1 bar pressure. It shows that this model can be used in further studies for modeling equilibriums involving liquid or solid phases of H(2)O under pressure and for investigating the effect of inhibitors in complex water-rich systems.
Polarity of the mouse embryo is established at blastocyst and is not prepatterned (2005)

Polarity formation in mammalian preimplantation embryos has long been a subject of controversy. Mammalian embryos are highly regulative, which has led to the conclusion that polarity specification does not exist until the blastocyst stage; however, some recent reports have now suggested polarity predetermination in the egg. Our recent time-lapse recordings have demonstrated that the first cleavage plane is not predetermined in the mouse egg. Here we show that, in contrast to previous claims, two-cell blastomeres do not differ and their precise future contribution to the inner cell mass and/or the trophectoderm cannot be anticipated. Thus, all evidence so far strongly suggests the absence of predetermined axes in the mouse egg. We observe that the ellipsoidal zona pellucida exerts mechanical pressure and space constraints as the coalescing multiple cavities are restricted to one end of the long axis of the blastocyst. We propose that these mechanical cues, in conjunction with the epithelial seal in the outer cell layer, lead to specification of the embryonic-abembryonic axis, thus establishing first polarity in the mouse embryo.
Wetting and Protein Adsorption on Self-Assembled Monolayers of Alkanethiolates Supported on Transparent Films of Gold (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWetting and Protein Adsorption on Self-Assembled Monolayers of Alkanethiolates Supported on Transparent Films of GoldPaul A. DiMilla, John P. Folkers, Hans A. Biebuyck, Ralph Haerter, Gabriel P. Lopez, and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 5, 2225–2226Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00084a105https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00084a105research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views811Altmetric-Citations146LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A prospective, multicentre study of moxifloxacin concentrations in the sinus mucosa tissue of patients undergoing elective surgery of the sinus (2002)

A pharmacokinetic study was carried out to determine moxifloxacin concentrations in sinus tissue, after oral moxifloxacin 400 mg once daily for 5 days to patients with chronic sinusitis, undergoing elective sinus surgery. Patients were randomly allocated to one of seven treatment groups, in which tissues were sampled 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 24 or 36 h post-dose. A control group with non-infected nasal polyps was also included. Forty-eight patients (13 female, 35 male, mean age 47.1 years) were allocated to one of each active treatment group (n = 42) or to the control group (n = 6). Tissue and plasma samples were taken simultaneously and stored frozen until assayed by HPLC. Thirty-nine patients were fully valid for pharmacokinetic analysis. The geometric mean moxifloxacin plasma concentration increased from 2.32 mg/L at 2 h to a maximum of 3.37 mg/L at 4 h post-dose, decreasing to 0.37 mg/L at 36 h post-dose. The moxifloxacin concentration in sinus mucosa was consistently greater than that in plasma being 4.56-5.73 mg/kg from 2 to 6 h and 2.81-1.25 mg/kg from 12 to 36 h post-dose. The elimination rates in plasma and sinus tissues were similar. The tissue/plasma ratio was c. 200% between 2 and 6 h, and up to 328.9% at 36 h. Results were similar whatever the site of tissue sampling (maxillary sinus, anterior ethmoid sinus or nasal polyps). Tissue levels exceeded the MIC(90) of all pathogens commonly causing acute sinusitis (e.g. 5-30 x MIC for Streptococcus pneumoniae: 0.25 mg/L). These results sup-port the use of moxifloxacin 400 mg once daily as a regimen for the treatment of sinus infections.
Synthesis and properties of polyesters containing naphthalenetetracarboxylic imide (1997)

Abstract Poly(ethylene naphthalates) containing small contents of N, N'‐ bis (ω‐hydroxypropyl)naphthalene‐1, 4, 5, 8‐tetracarboxylic imide(HPNTI) unit as the photostabilizing component, which are stable to ultraviolet lights, were synthesized from dimethyl naphthalate, ethylene glycol, and HPNTI. The polyesters obtained were characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy and measurements of molecular weights and thermal properties.
Polymorphism in immunoglobulin heavy chains suggesting gene conversion. (1982)

Complete heavy (H) chain variable region (V region; amino acids 1-118) sequences have been determined for three phosphocholine (PCho)-binding monoclonal antibodies of CBA mouse strain origin. Two of these were found to differ from the sequence of the BALB/c T15 germline VH segment (segment of the V region that includes amino acids 1-95) at four positions but were identical to the allelic form of T15 (C3) found in C57BL. The third VH segment, HP101.6G6 (6G6), was clearly the product of a second, related VH gene, probably the allele of the BALB/c V11 gene, a second member of the P-Cho VH gene family. Thus, more than one VH gene is capable of encoding heavy chains of PCho-binding antibodies. The 6G6 VH segment differs from VII at seven positions; four of these distinguishing amino acids are encoded in other membranes of the PCho VH gene family. We postulate that the origin of the 6G6 VH sequence can most easily be explained by a process of gene conversion occurring between the least three members of the PCho VH family.
Dynamical Current Redistribution and Non-Gaussian 1/fNoise (1996)

Dynamical current redistribution (DCR) in noisy resistors is discussed. Contrary to a common assumption in many theories and in the interpretation of many experiments, DCR can cause large-amplitude non-Gaussian (NG) noise for statistically independent fluctuators. NG effects are predicted to be large near the percolation threshold and near the metal-insulator transition. We report the first observations of NG noise in semiconductor superlattices and attribute this to DCR. We also show that DCR is the most likely explanation of NG noise in several other systems.
Inhibitory action of chlorpromazine, dibucaine, and other phospholipid-interacting drugs on calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase. (1980)

Ca2+-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase recently found in mammalian tissues (Takai, Y., Kishimoto, A., Iwasa, Y., Kawahara, Y., Mori, T., and Nishizuka, Y. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 3692-3695) is inhibited by various phospholipid-interacting drugs such as chlorpromazine, imipramine, phentolamine, dibucaine, verapamil, and tetracaine. This effect is attributed to the inhibition of the activation process but not to the interaction with the active site of enzyme. This is supported by the fact that a catalytic fragment of this enzyme, which is obtained by limited proteolysis with Ca2+-dependent neutral protease, is fully active without without Ca2+ and phospholipid and is not susceptible to any of these drugs. Kinetic analysis suggests that these drugs cause such inhibition competitively with phospholipid. None of these drugs appears to compete with Ca2+ or to counteract the unique effect of unsaturated diacylglycerol. Unsaturated diacylglycerol has been shown previously to increase markedly the affinity of enzyme for Ca2+ as well as for phospholipid and thereby serve as an initiator for the activation of this protein kinase. Neither cyclic AMP-dependent nor cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase is susceptible to these phospholipid-interacting drugs.
More than One Way to Measure: Masculinity in the Zurkaneh of Safavid Iran (2016)

The zurkhaneh of early modern Safavid Iran was an institution where men undertook physical training, in some ways reminiscent of a modern-day gymn. This paper attempts to theorize the zurkhaneh as a public space in which primarily non-elite men participated in the social economy of early modern Safavid Iran based upon their pursuit of the ideal of javanmardi, or young manliness. To accomplish this, this paper will combine the themes of publicity, the social utility of the body, and the authority of textuality with an examination of the physical culture of the zurkhaneh to theorize the utility, representation, and experience of non-elite male bodies in early modern Safavid Iran. Insights gleaned from this will be applied to theories about the subjectivity of male commoners in early modern Indo-Persianate society and juxtaposed against scholars like who take masculine modes of comportment primarily as a construction of the imperial court for managing the nobility. Thus it will be argued that it is possible to observe through the zurkhaneh one way that the construction of Persian masculinity occurred non-hierarchically.
Treatment-Induced Changes in Tumor Oxygenation Predict Photodynamic Therapy Outcome (2004)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) requires oxygen to cause tumor damage, yet therapy itself can deplete or enhance tumor oxygenation. In the present work we measured the PDT-induced change in tumor oxygenation and explored its utility for predicting long-term response to treatment. The tissue hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SO(2)) of murine tumors was noninvasively measured by broadband diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. In initial validation studies, the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve for mouse blood was accurately recreated based on measurements during deoxygenation of a tissue phantom of mouse erythrocytes. In vivo studies exhibited excellent correlation between carbogen-induced changes in SO(2) and pO(2) of radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors measured by reflectance spectroscopy and the Eppendorf pO(2) histograph, respectively. In PDT studies radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumor SO(2) was measured immediately before and after Photofrin-PDT (135 J/cm(2), 38 mW/cm(2)). Animals were subsequently followed for tumor growth to a volume of 400 mm(3) (time-to-400 mm(3)) or the presence of tumor cure (no tumor growth at 90 days after treatment). In animals that recurred, the PDT-induced change in tumor SO(2), i.e., relative-SO(2) (SO(2) after PDT/SO(2) before PDT) was positively correlated with treatment durability (time-to-400 mm(3)). The predictive value of relative-SO(2) was confirmed in a second group of animals with enhanced pre-PDT oxygenation due to carbogen breathing. Furthermore, when all of the animals were considered (those that recurred and those that were cured) a highly significant association was found between increasing relative-SO(2) and increasing probability of survival, i.e., absence of recurrence. As independent variables, the SO(2) after PDT, the pre-PDT tumor volume, and light penetration depth all failed to predict response. As an independent variable, the SO(2) before PDT demonstrated a weak negative association with treatment durability; this association was driven by a correlation between decreasing pre-PDT SO(2) and increasing relative-SO(2). These data suggest that monitoring of PDT-induced changes in tumor oxygenation may be a valuable prognostic indicator.
<title>Microdispenser array for highly parallel and accurate liquid handling</title> (2001)

Liquid handling of volumes down to a few nanoliters is a key issue for modern bioanalytical and pharmaceutical research and industry. In this paper we present a modular dispensing device for the highly accurate delivery of liquids in the range of 10 nL - 500 nL at a precision of better than 5 % and a dosage rate up to 1000 nL/s. The reported dispensing technology is based on a fast mechanical displacement of liquid within a micromachined silicon chip (termed dosage chip). It overcomes limitations known from piezo-drop-on-demand dispensers or syringe-solenoid systems presently used in laboratory automation. The accurate and very robust multi channel system which is modularly built out of individual dispensers is able to handle a variety of different liquids simultaneously. A wide range of liquids with different physical properties can be handled with an up to now unequalled precision in that volume range. The working principle of the device as well as newest characterization results are presented.