gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of single- and double-layer microstrip square-ring antennas (1999)

A method for miniaturization of microstrip patch antennas without degrading radiation characteristics is investigated. It involves perforating the patch to form a microstrip square-ring antenna, which is investigated numerically and experimentally. The ring geometry introduces additional parameters to the antenna that can be used to control its impedance, resonance frequency, and bandwidth. For a single square ring increasing the size of perforation increases its input impedance, but decreases the resonance frequency and bandwidth. It has a small effect on directivity of the antenna. To match the antenna to a transmission line and also enhance its bandwidth, the ring is stacked by a square patch or another square ring. The computed results are compared with experimental data and again good agreement is obtained.
Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in central nervous system tumors: role of blood-brain barrier permeability. (1995)

Combined somatostatin receptor and 99mTc-DTPA scintigraphy may be helpful for noninvasive differentiation between meningiomas and other CNS tumors. False-negative scans were observed as a result of shielding by the intact blood-brain barrier. Interpretation of negative and positive somatostatin receptor scans in CNS tumors must therefore be done with caution.
A phase II study of picoplatin with docetaxel and prednisone in chemotherapy-naïve patients with metastatic hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) (2008)

5153 Background: Picoplatin(Pico) is a platinum therapy specifically designed to overcome platinum resistance and to improve safety and efficacy compared to other platinums. In HRPC, a PSA response rate of 25% was observed when picoplatin monotherapy was infused at 120 mg/m2 q3w (N = 20). A 34 pt Phase I study was performed to investigate the safety and efficacy of Pico in combination with docetaxel + prednisone (pred) in patients with metastatic HRPC. Picoplatin therapy was well-tolerated and19 of 32 evaluable pts (59%) achieved confirmed PSA responses. 120 mg/m2 Pico with docetaxel (D) 75 mg/m2 and pred, was determined to be the MTD and supported this dose level for the Phase II study to evaluate safety and efficacy of Pico with D and pred. Methods: Pts with HRPC with disease progression received Pico and D q3w with pred 5 mg po bid at dose levels of 75 mg/m2 D with 120 mg/m2 Pico for up to 10 cycles. PSA responses were evaluated in a manner consistent with the Bubley criteria. CT and bone scans are being evaluated. Results: 30 pts were enrolled and have received 1–10 cycles at this time. Of 22 pts currently evaluable for PSA response, 13 (59 %) achieved a PSA response, a >50% decrease in PSA maintained for at least 4 weeks. 9 pts have discontinued study treatment because of progressive disease and 2 due to SAEs unrelated to picoplatin. Combined safety data from Phase I and Phase II indicates the commonest adverse events are neutropenia, alopecia, thrombocytopenia, anemia and nausea. 12 pts have received >800 mg/m2. No neurotoxicity > grade 1 has been observed. Conclusions: Picoplatin at 120 mg/m2 can be safely administered with 75 mg/m2 docetaxel and prednisone. Preliminary PSA response data (59%) indicates potential improved efficacy of this novel combination in the treatment of patients with HRPC. Additional Phase II data is being evaluated in this study. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Poniard Pharmaceuticals Poniard Pharmaceuticals
Eggs of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, contain a prominent (11R) and (12R) lipoxygenase activity. (1987)

Recent work has shown that oocytes of the starfish synthesize (8R)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and that this eicosanoid has a potent and highly specific action in induction of oocyte maturation. These striking results prompted us to examine the lipoxygenase activity of eggs of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Four hydroxyeicosanoids were formed in homogenates of sea urchin eggs; their structures and stereochemistry were characterized by high pressure liquid chromatography, UV spectroscopy, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The compounds were identified as (11R)-hydroxy-5,8,12,14-ZZEZ-eicosatetraenoic acid and (12R)-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-ZZEZ-eicosatetraenoic acid (from arachidonic acid) and the corresponding (11R)- and (12R)-hydroxy analogs of eicosapentaenoic acid. The formation of these egg products was not blocked by a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin (10 microM), and their precise structures are consistent with their formation by a lipoxygenase reaction. Eicosapentaenoic acids with a prochiral tritium label in the 10-D or 10-L position were used to investigate the mechanism of biosynthesis. The formation of (12R)-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid proceeded with the stereoselective abstraction of the 10-D hydrogen from the substrate. This reaction was shown to be opposite to the (12S) oxygenation catalyzed by porcine leukocyte 12-lipoxygenase. These results with S. purpuratus eggs constitute the first demonstration of (11R)- or (12R)-lipoxygenase activity in any cell type or tissue.
Isoform-specific expression and function of neuregulin (1997)

Neuregulin (also known as NDF, heregulin, ARIA, GGF or SMDF), induces cell growth and differentiation. Biological effects of neuregulin are mediated by members of the erbB family of tyrosine kinase receptors. Three major neuregulin isoforms are produced from the gene, which differ substantially in sequence and in overall structure. Here we use in situ hybridization with isoform-specific probes to illustrate the spatially distinct patterns of expression of the isoforms during mouse development. Ablation of the neuregulin gene in the mouse has demonstrated multiple and independent functions of this factor in development of both the nervous system and the heart. We show here that targeted mutations that affect different isoforms result in distinct phenotypes, demonstrating that isoforms can take over specific functions in vivo. Type I neuregulin is required for generation of neural crest-derived neurons in cranial ganglia and for trabeculation of the heart ventricle, whereas type III neuregulin plays an important role in the early development of Schwann cells. The complexity of neuregulin functions in development is therefore due to independent roles played by distinct isoforms.
Lack of Fucose on Human IgG1 N-Linked Oligosaccharide Improves Binding to Human FcγRIII and Antibody-dependent Cellular Toxicity (2002)

Lec13 cells, a variant Chinese hamster ovary cell line, were used to produce human IgG1 that were deficient in fucose attached to the Asn<sup>297</sup>-linked carbohydrate but were otherwise similar to that found in IgG1 produced in normal Chinese hamster ovary cell lines and from human serum. Lack of fucose on the IgG1 had no effect on binding to human FcγRI, C1q, or the neonatal Fc receptor. Although no change in affinity was found for the His<sup>131</sup> polymorphic form of human FcγRIIA, a slight improvement in binding was evident for FcγRIIB and the Arg<sup>131</sup> FcγRIIA polymorphic form. In contrast, binding of the fucose-deficient IgG1 to human FcγRIIIA was improved up to 50-fold. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity assays using purified peripheral blood monocytes or natural killer cells from several donors showed enhanced cytotoxicity, especially evident at lower antibody concentrations. When combined with an IgG1 Fc protein variant that exhibited enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, the lack of fucose was synergistic.
Design, synthesis, and conformational analysis of azacycloalkane amino acids as conformationally constrained probes for mimicry of peptide secondary structures (2000)

Conformationally constrained amino acid and dipeptide units can serve in mimics of specific secondary structures for studying relationships between peptide conformation and biological activity. A variety of mimics are required to study systematically the structure-activity relationships in biologically relevant peptides. We present our efforts on the design, synthesis, and conformational analysis of a series of rigid surrogates of amino acid and dipeptide units for application within constrained peptide analogues, and for employment as inputs for combinatorial science. Conceived to be general and versatile, our methodology has delivered a variety of azacycloalkane and azabicycloalkane amino acids in enantiomerically pure form, via practical methods, from readily available and inexpensive starting materials.
Executive function in Parkinson's disease and subcortical disorders. (1999)

Changes in cognitive function that accompany the progression of subcortical disorders such as Parkinson's disease are often overlooked in the early stages because of a "context of discovery" that accompanies the diagnostic progress. This article discusses the nature of that context, a subcortical cognitive profile, and the contribution of executive function failure to that profile. The utility of using brief assessments of executive function and other measures, such as a brief screen for apathy, are shown with Parkinson's disease patients. Several suggestions are provided for means by which clinicians can help patients, caregivers, and families adjust to patients' impairments in executive function.
Molecular Cloning and Sequencing of the F and 22K Membrane Protein Genes of the RSS-2 Strain of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (1987)

The nucleotide sequences of the adjacent genes coding for the F protein and 22K protein of the RSS-2 strain of human respiratory syncytial (RS) virus were determined from cDNA clones of genomic RNA. Comparison of these sequences and the inferred amino acid sequences of the F and 22K proteins with the corresponding published sequences of another subgroup A virus, the A2 strain of RS virus, reveals extensive overall homology (greater than 95%) at both the nucleotide and amino acid levels, even though these two viruses were isolated 15 years apart in different continents. The intergenic region and the hydrophobic amino-terminal signal sequence of the F proteins of the two viruses, however, are much less conserved.
Cross-resistance of the diamondback moth indicates altered interactions with domain II of Bacillus thuringiensis toxins (1996)

We compared responses to six insecticidal crystal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis by a Cry1A-resistant strain (NO-QA) and a susceptible strain (LAB-P) of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. The resistant strain showed > 100-fold cross-resistance to Cry1J and to H04, a hybrid with domains I and II of Cry1Ab and domain III or Cry1C. Cross-resistance was sixfold to Cry1Bb and threefold to Cry1D. The potency of Cry1I did not differ significantly between the resistant and susceptible strains. Cry2B did not kill resistant or susceptible larvae. By combining these new data with previously published results, we classified responses to 14 insecticidal crystal proteins by strains NO-QA and LAB-P. NO-QA showed high levels of resistance to Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, and Cry1Ac and high levels of cross-resistance to Cry1F, Cry1J, and H04. Cross-resistance was low or nil to Cry1Ba, Cry1Bb, Cry1C, Cry1D, Cry1I, and Cry2A. Cry1E and Cry2B showed little or no toxicity to susceptible or resistant larvae. In dendrograms based on levels of amino acid sequence similarity among proteins, Cry1F and Cry1J clustered together with Cry1A proteins for domain II, but not for domain I or III. High levels of cross-resistance to Cry1Ab-Cry1C hybrid H04 show that although Cry1C is toxic to NO-QA, domain III or Cry1C is not sufficient to restore toxicity when it is combined with domains I and II of Cry1Ab. Thus, diamondback moth strain NO-QA cross-resistance extends beyond the Cry1A family of proteins to at least two other families that exhibit high levels of amino sequence similarity with Cry1A in domain II (Cry1F and Cry1J) and to a protein that is identical to Cry1Ab in domain II (H04). The results of this study imply that resistance to Cry1A alters interactions between the insect and domain II.
PIOUS: a scalable parallel I/O system for distributed computing environments (2002)

PIOUS is a parallel file system architecture that provides cost-effective, scalable bandwidth in a network computing environment. PIOUS employs data declustering, to exploit the combined file I/O and buffer cache capacities of networked computing resources, and transaction-based concurrency control, to guarantee access consistency without explicit synchronization. This paper presents preliminary results from a prototype PIOUS implementation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibited human liver cancer cell line SMMC7721 proliferation and tumorigenesis. (2007)

AKR1C2 RNAi could lead to alteration of SMMC7721 cell cycle and inhibit turmorigenesis in vivo and in vitro, which strongly suggests that AKR1C2 siRNA might play a critical role in blocking hepatocarcinogenesis.
Genome‐scale analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism and ethanol production in fed‐batch culture (2007)

A dynamic flux balance model based on a genome-scale metabolic network reconstruction is developed for in silico analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism and ethanol production in fed-batch culture. Metabolic engineering strategies previously identified for their enhanced steady-state biomass and/or ethanol yields are evaluated for fed-batch performance in glucose and glucose/xylose media. Dynamic analysis is shown to provide a single quantitative measure of fed-batch ethanol productivity that explicitly handles the possible tradeoff between the biomass and ethanol yields. Productivity optimization conducted to rank achievable fed-batch performance demonstrates that the genetic manipulation strategy and the fed-batch operating policy should be considered simultaneously. A library of candidate gene insertions is assembled and directly screened for their achievable ethanol productivity in fed-batch culture. A number of novel gene insertions with ethanol productivities identical to the best metabolic engineering strategies reported in previous studies are identified, thereby providing additional targets for experimental evaluation. The top performing gene insertions were substrate dependent, with the highest ranked insertions for glucose media yielding suboptimal performance in glucose/xylose media. The analysis results suggest that enhancements in biomass yield are most beneficial for the enhancement of fed-batch ethanol productivity by recombinant xylose utilizing yeast strains. We conclude that steady-state flux balance analysis is not sufficient to predict fed-batch performance and that the media, genetic manipulations, and fed-batch operating policy should be considered simultaneously to achieve optimal metabolite productivity.
Two different snoRNAs are encoded in introns of amphibian and human L1 ribosomal protein genes (1993)

We previously reported that the third intron of the X.laevis L1 ribosomal protein gene encodes for a snoRNA called U16. Here we show that four different introns of the same gene contain another previously uncharacterized snoRNA (U18) which is associated with fibrillarin in the nucleolus and which originates by processing of the pre-mRNA. The pathway of U18 RNA release from the pre-mRNA is the same as the one described for U16: primary endonucleolytic cleavages upstream and downstream of the U18 coding region produce a pre-U18 RNA which is subsequently trimmed to the mature form. Both the gene organization and processing of U18 are conserved in the corresponding genes of X.tropicalis and H.sapiens. The L1 gene thus has a composite structure, highly conserved in evolution, in which sequences coding for a ribosomal protein are intermingled with sequences coding for two different snoRNAs. The nucleolar localization of these different components suggests some common function on ribosome biosynthesis.
A Phase I Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Study of OGX-011, a 2′-Methoxyethyl Antisense Oligonucleotide to Clusterin, in Patients With Localized Prostate Cancer (2005)

OGX-011 is well tolerated and reduces clusterin expression in primary prostate tumors. The optimal biologic dose for OGX-011 at the schedule used is 640 mg.
Nanosecond infrared laser stimulation of luminescence in rare-earth doped sulfides (1982)

Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) from CaS:Eu,Sm and SrS:Eu,Sm phosphors, previously exposed to ionizing radiation, is shown to occur with response and decay times of less than 50-ns full width at half-maximum. This result indicates that fast high-resolution OSL imaging of spatial dose distributions is possible via stimulation of the dose proportional luminescence with a tightly focused scanning laser beam. The two phosphors investigated are efficiently stimulated with the beam from a Nd:yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) laser. The large dynamic dose range of these materials represents a distinct advantage of OSL imaging over conventional x-ray radiography. In addition, the laser scanning technique readily lends itself to image digitalization and processing. Real-time imaging appears feasible.
Indigogenic phosphodiesters as potential chromogenic cancer chemotherapeutic agents (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIndigogenic phosphodiesters as potential chromogenic cancer chemotherapeutic agentsK. C. Tsou, K. W. Lo, S. L. Ledis, and E. E. MillerCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1972, 15, 12, 1221–1225Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00282a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00282a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views80Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electrical Manipulation of Spin Precession in an InGaAs-Based 2DEG Due to the Rashba Spin-Orbit Interaction (2007)

The paper demonstrates a spin interference effect in small arrays of mesoscopic InGaAs rings, which is the time reversal Aharonov-Casher effect. Spin-orbit interaction parameters obtained from the spin interference are consistent with those estimated from Shubnikov-de Haas analysis. This result shows evidence for electrical manipulation of the spin precession angle in an InGaAs 2-D electron gas channel. The precession rate was controlled in a precise and predictable way with an electrostatic gate
Noninvasive monitoring of somatostatin receptor type 2 chimeric gene transfer. (2002)

With this method it may be possible to monitor transfer of a gene of interest directly and noninvasively.
Insulin‐Like Growth Factors (IGFs) and IGF Binding Proteins in Chronic Renal Failure: Evidence for Reduced Secretion of IGFs (1991)

To test the hypothesis that growth hormone (GH) insensitivity is responsible, amongst other mechanisms, for impaired growth in uraemic children, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), IGF-II, IGF binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 were measured by radioimmunoassay in normal control children, in patients with end-stage renal failure (n = 51) and in patients with preterminal chronic renal failure (n = 11) and the production rate of IGF was calculated. A unique pattern of normal IGF-I and IGF-II levels and markedly increased levels of all three IGFBPs was present in uraemia. Measurement of free IGF-II binding capacity, and affinity cross-linking experiments showed that the excess immunoreactive IGFBP was able to bind IGFs. To explain the excess of unoccupied IGF binding sites in uraemia, a mathematical model was developed which describes the production of IGFs and their interaction with IGFBP. Calculations of IGF secretion rates suggested that production of IGF is two orders of magnitude lower in uraemic children than in control children, despite normal GH secretion. It is concluded that in uraemia there is a relative GH insensitivity with respect to IGF production.
Practical doping principles (2003)

Theoretical investigations of doping of several wide-gap materials suggest a number of rather general, practical “doping principles” that may help guide experimental strategies for overcoming doping bottlenecks.
The Commelina yellow mottle virus promoter is a strong promoter in vascular and reproductive tissues. (1992)

Commelina yellow mottle virus (CoYMV) is a double-stranded DNA virus that infects the monocot Commelina diffusa. Although CoYMV and cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV; another double-stranded DNA virus) probably replicate by a similar mechanism, the particle morphology and host range of CoYMV place it in a distinct group. We present evidence that a prompter fragment isolated from CoYMV confers a tissue-specific pattern of expression that is different from that conferred by the CaMV 35S promoter. When the CoYMV promoter is used to drive expression of the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene in stably transformed tobacco plants, beta-glucuronidase activity occurs primarily in the phloem, the phloem-associated cells, and the axial parenchyma of roots, stems, leaves, and flowers. Activity is also detected throughout the anther, with highest activity in the tapetum. In contrast, the CaMV 35S promoter is active in most cell types. The CoYMV promoter is a strong promoter, and when the activity of the CoYMV promoter is compared with that of a duplicated CaMV 35S promoter, it is 30% as active in tobacco suspension cells and up to 25% as active in maize suspension cells. These properties of the CoYMV promoter make it potentially useful for high-level expression of engineered genes in vascular cells.
Inhibition of Protein Denaturation by Fatty Acids, Bile Salts and Other Natural Substances: A New Hypothesis for the Mechanism of Action of Fish Oil in Rheumatic Diseases (1999)

Natural hydrophobic substances like bile salts (cholate, deoxycholate, chenodeoxycholate, lithocholate and their conjugates with glycine and taurine), fatty acids (caprylic, capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid) were much more active (EC50 approximately 10(-4)-10(-5) M) than selected amino acids (EC50 > 10(-2) M) and inorganic salts (EC50 approximately 10(-1) M) in inhibiting heat-induced denaturation of human serum albumin in vitro. Fish oil, rich in n-3-polyunsaturated acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, administered p.o. (1 ml/kg) in the rat, protected ex vivo (after 2 hr) serum against heat-induced denaturation more than bendazac, a known antidenaturant drug. Thus, we speculated that the antidenaturant activity of fish oil may be partly (in addition to the known effect on endogenous eicosanoid composition) responsible for its beneficial effects in rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic conditions. In this connection, it is of note that the in vitro antidenaturant activity of fish oil fatty acids was higher than that of known antidenaturant drugs such as bendazac and bindarit and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like phenylbutazone and indomethacin which could exert beneficial effects in chronic inflammatory conditions by stabilizing endogenous proteins.