gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amphiphilic Thermosensitive N-Isopropylacrylamide Terpolymer Hydrogels Prepared by Micellar Polymerization in Aqueous Media (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmphiphilic Thermosensitive N-Isopropylacrylamide Terpolymer Hydrogels Prepared by Micellar Polymerization in Aqueous MediaHua Yu and David W. GraingerCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 16, 4554–4560Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00094a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00094a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views832Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The emerging roles of topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents in ophthalmology. (1996)

The emerging roles of topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents in ophthalmology Peter Koay Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a het- erogeneous group of compounds which in chemical terms belong to different structural classes. By definition, NSAIDs do not include a steroid nucleus derived biosynthetically from cholesterol in their chemical structures. Although the term NSAIDs can be expanded to include other classes of compounds such as immunosuppressives and cytokine modulators,' this discussion will be limited to commercially available topical ophthalmic drugs generally regarded as NSAIDs. Topical ophthalmic drugs under discussion are of the following chemical classes: indoles, phenylalkanoic acids, phenylacetic acids, and pyrazolons. The main topical ophthalmic drug of the indole chemical class is indomethacin. This was the first topically administered NSAID to be used widely in ophthalmic clinical studies. Phenylalkanoic acids are water soluble and are readily for- mulated as topical ophthalmic solutions such as flurbiprofen 003% (Ocufen), ketorolac tromethamine 05% (Acular), and suprofen 1% (Profenal). The main topical ophthalmic phenylacetic acid derivative is diclofenac 1% (Voltarol) (Table NSAIDs are also known as cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors based on their mode of action, and are important mediators or modulators of ocular inflammatory reactions.2 Arachidonic acid metabolites in ocular inflammation Activation of phospholipase A2, following tissue insults, breaks down cell membrane phospholipids to arachidonic acid. This forms the substrate for further reactions mainly by the cyclo-oxygenase and the lipoxygenase pathways (Fig on August 16, 2023 by guest.
Porcine Arterivirus Infection of Alveolar Macrophages Is Mediated by Sialic Acid on the Virus (2004)

Recently, we showed that porcine sialoadhesin (pSn) mediates internalization of the arterivirus porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in alveolar macrophages (Vanderheijden et al., J. Virol. 77:8207-8215, 2003). In rodents and humans, sialoadhesin, or Siglec-1, has been described as a macrophage-restricted molecule and to specifically bind sialic acid moieties. In the current study, we investigated whether pSn is a sialic acid binding protein and, whether so, whether this property is important for its function as a PRRSV receptor. Using untreated and neuraminidase-treated sheep erythrocytes, we showed that pSn binds sialic acid. Furthermore, pSn-specific monoclonal antibody 41D3, which blocks PRRSV infection, inhibited this interaction. PRRSV attachment to and infection of porcine alveolar macrophages (PAM) were both shown to be dependent on the presence of sialic acid on the virus: neuraminidase treatment of virus but not of PAM blocked infection and reduced attachment. Enzymatic removal of all N-linked glycans on the virus with N-glycosidase F reduced PRRSV infection, while exclusive removal of nonsialylated N-linked glycans of the high-mannose type with endoglycosidase H had no significant effect. Free sialyllactose and sialic acid containing (neo)glycoproteins reduced infection, while lactose and (neo)glycoproteins devoid of sialic acids had no significant effect. Studies with linkage-specific neuraminidases and lectins indicated that alpha2-3- and alpha2-6-linked sialic acids on the virion are important for PRRSV infection of PAM. From these results, we conclude that pSn is a sialic acid binding lectin and that interactions between sialic acid on the PRRS virion and pSn are essential for PRRSV infection of PAM.
Engineered In Vitro Feed-Forward Networks (2013)

Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are a promising new method for high throughput neuronal assays. These arrays permit non-invasive, detailed optical and multichannel electrophysiological interrogation of functional neuronal networks for drug development or neurotoxicity assessment. There has also been an effort by a number of groups to develop in vitro analogues of in vivo brain circuitry or physiological systems to serve as well defined models of in vivo tissue. However, a key hurdle in these efforts has been the ability to define and constrain the directionality of pathways within these systems. This issue is particularly relevant during the recreation of in vivo brain architectures that communicate through defined pathways, often with specific directionality. In this paper, we demonstrate a line/ gap topology that promotes the growth of axonal directionally between neurons that have been engineered into a living analogue of a feed-forward neural architecture. The effective connectivity of this architecture was estimated from neural activity measured by a multichannel microelectrode array and quantified using conditional Granger causality analysis. Plasticity was then induced to determine whether 1) LTP/LTD was supported in this novel architecture and 2) whether plasticity differed from random network controls. We show that this method promotes unidirectional feed-forward relative to opposing feedback pathways in spontaneously active networks. This study also represents the first attempt to use the Granger causality metric for the assessment of the activity of a biological neuronal network in which connectivity is highly defined.
Information for targeting to the chloroplastic inner envelope membrane is contained in the mature region of the maize Bt1-encoded protein. (1992)

Based on the protein sequence deduced from a cDNA clone, it has been proposed that the maize bt1 locus encodes an amyloplast membrane metabolite translocator protein (Sullivan, T. D., Strelow, L. I., Illingworth, C. A., Phillips, R. L., and Nelson, O. E., Jr. (1991) Plant Cell 3, 1337-1348). The present work provides further evidence for this hypothesis by showing that the gene product of Bt1 could be imported into chloroplasts in vitro and processed to lower molecular weight mature proteins. More importantly, the imported mature proteins were localized to the inner envelope membrane, where metabolite translocators are located in plastids. In addition, the location of information for targeting to the inner membrane was investigated by constructing and analyzing the import of chimeric precursor proteins. A chimeric protein with the transit peptide of the precursor to the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase fused to the mature region of the Bt1-encoded protein was targeted to the inner envelope membrane of chloroplasts. Moreover, a chimeric protein with the transit peptide of the Bt1-encoded protein fused to the mature protein of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein was targeted to the thylakoid. These results indicate that the transit peptide of the Bt1-encoded protein functions primarily as a stromal targeting sequence. The information for targeting to the chloroplastic inner envelope membrane is contained in the mature region of the protein.
Vertical Restraints, Efficiency, and the Real World (1993)

In this Article, Professor Burns addresses the rise of economic efficiency in antitrust jurisprudence. She argues that the theory is incomplete in that it fails to address “noneconomic” concerns, such as dealer fairness, intraband competition, and business ethics, which society wishes addressed. Societal concern, she argues, is evidenced by the rise of dealer fairness remedies outside the realm of antitrust law. In addition, she argues that the public regards the economic efficiency theory as out of touch with reality as evidenced by the vocal opposition of sophisticated consumer groups to modern Chicago-School-influenced antitrust jurisprudence. She concludes by voicing support for a more fact-specific antitrust jurisprudence--a trend exemplified by the recent Eastman-Kodak decision--for legislation returning antitrust to the pre-Chicago status quo ante, and for the retention of dealer remedies outside of antitrust as an outlet for fairness concerns.
Imidacloprid actions on insect neuronal acetylcholine receptors (1997)

The neonicotinoid insecticide Imidacloprid acts at three pharmacologically distinct acetylcholine receptor (AChR) subtypes in the cockroach (Periplaneta americana) nervous system, but is ineffective on muscarinic receptors. Imidacloprid (3-100&micro;moll-1) induced dose-dependent depolarizations at cockroach cercal afferent/giant interneurone synapses. These responses were insensitive to 20&micro;moll-1 atropine but were completely blocked by the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine (50&micro;moll-1). Similarly, Imidacloprid-induced depolarizations of cultured cockroach dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurones dissociated from the same (terminal abdominal) ganglion were also completely blocked by 100&micro;moll-1 mecamylamine. However, two components of the response could be distinguished on the basis of their differential sensitivities to 0.1&micro;moll-1-bungarotoxin (-BTX), which selectively blocks AChRs with 'mixed' nicotinic/muscarinic pharmacology in this preparation. This indicates that Imidacloprid affects both AChRs sensitive to -BTX and -BTX-insensitive nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Thus, in the cockroach, Imidacloprid activates -BTX-sensitive synaptic nAChRs in giant interneurones, -BTX-insensitive extrasynaptic nAChRs in DUM neurones, and a recently characterized DUM neurone 'mixed' AChR that is sensitive to both nicotinic and muscarinic ligands. Imidacloprid does not act on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) present on DUM neurone cell bodies and at the cercal afferent/giant interneurone synapses. This study shows that Imidacloprid can act on pharmacologically diverse nAChR subtypes.
Peptide derivatives specific for a Plasmodium falciparum proteinase inhibit the human erythrocyte invasion by merozoites (1991)

A specific proteinase of P. falciparum merozoites has been detected by using hydrosoluble fluorogenic peptidic substrates synthesized by classical peptide chemistry; their N-terminal end was acylated by a gluconoyl group that protects them from aminopeptidase degradation and increases their hydrosolubility, and their carboxylic end was substituted by a 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole group. The sequence Val-Leu-Gly-Lys was found to be the most specific substrate. On this basis, reversible peptidic inhibitors were synthesized by substituting the C-terminal lysyl residue, at the proteolytic site, by different alkylamines and amino alcohols. The activity of these compounds, studied on the P. falciparum proteinase and in in vitro cultures, strongly suggests a specific effect of this peptidic sequence on the reinvasion process. The peptidic inhibitors do not impair the release of merozoites from schizonts, but selectively inhibit the invasion step leading to the formation of rings. Although the natural target of this enzyme is not yet known, these specific peptide inhibitors could lead to a new antimalarial approach.
Human factors of journal usage and design of electronic texts (1989)

The paper reports on a study of journal usage amongst human factors researchers. The aim of the study was to shed light on how journals are used with a view to making recommendations about the development of a full-text, searchable database that would support such usage. The results indicate that levels of usage vary over time, the range of journals covered is small and readers overlook a large proportion of the contents of articles. Furthermore, three reading strategies are observed which indicate that the presentation of journal articles is not ideally suited to their uses. The implications of these findings for developing suitable computer-based applications are discussed.
Using yeast surface display to engineer a soluble and crystallizable construct of hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1) (2020)

Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1) is an intracellular kinase that plays an important role in modulating tumor immune response and thus is an attractive target for drug discovery. Crystallization of the wild-type HPK1 kinase domain has been hampered by poor expression in recombinant systems and poor solubility. In this study, yeast surface display was applied to a library of HPK1 kinase-domain variants in order to select variants with an improved expression level and solubility. The HPK1 variant with the most improved properties contained two mutations, crystallized readily in complex with several small-molecule inhibitors and provided valuable insight to guide structure-based drug design. This work exemplifies the benefit of yeast surface display towards engineering crystallizable proteins and thus enabling structure-based drug discovery.
Nanoindentation and picoindentation measurements using a capacitive transducer system in atomic force microscopy (1996)

Abstract An indentation system is developed to directly apply loads ranging from 1μN to 10 mN and to make load–displacement measurements with subnanometre indentation depth capability. This system is used here in conjunction with a commercial atomic force microscope to provide in-situ imaging. A three-sided pyramidal (Berkovich) diamond tip has been used to obtain a load–displacement curve with residual depths of the order of 1 nm. The load–displacement data have been used to obtain indentation hardness and Young's modulus of elasticity for singlecrystal silicon and GaAs. Hardness on the nanoscales is found to be higher than that on the microscale. Ceramics exhibit significant plasticity and creep on the nanoscale.
Gesture VR (1998)

It% dwctibe u nouel malti-dimensionalhand ges-Pdre inier~ace system and iti use in interactive spatial erpplications. The system squires input Jtrtafrom ttto cameras that look at user's hand, ~ecogrrizes three gesti~res and tracks the hand in SD space. at the rate of 60 Rz. Five spatial parameters (position and orientation in 3D) are compatedjor indu finger and the thumb, which gives the user a simultaneous control of up to ten parameters of an application.
A 2.4 GHz monolithic mixer for wireless LAN applications (2002)

A class AB downconversion mixer for 2.4 GHz wireless LAN applications is presented. The circuit is implemented in a 13 GHz f/sub T/ BiCMOS process, and consumes 7.9 mA total current from a 3 V supply. A single-balanced design using bond-wire degeneration in the common-emitter driver stage is optimal for power consumption and noise figure. The design has a power gain of 4.5 dB, a single-side band noise figure of 10 dB, an input third-order intercept point of 1 dBm, and an input 1 dB compression point of -7.5 dBm.
Nanoliter high throughput quantitative PCR (2006)

Understanding biological complexity arising from patterns of gene expression requires accurate and precise measurement of RNA levels across large numbers of genes simultaneously. Real time PCR (RT-PCR) in a microtiter plate is the preferred method for quantitative transcriptional analysis but scaling RT-PCR to higher throughputs in this fluidic format is intrinsically limited by cost and logistic considerations. Hybridization microarrays measure the transcription of many thousands of genes simultaneously yet are limited by low sensitivity, dynamic range, accuracy and sample throughput. The hybrid approach described here combines the superior accuracy, precision and dynamic range of RT-PCR with the parallelism of a microarray in an array of 3072 real time, 33 nl polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCRs) the size of a microscope slide. RT-PCR is demonstrated with an accuracy and precision equivalent to the same assay in a 384-well microplate but in a 64-fold smaller reaction volume, a 24-fold higher analytical throughput and a workflow compatible with standard microplate protocols.
The ability by different preparations of porcine parvovirus to enhance humoral immunity in swine and guinea pigs. (1988)

The capacity of different preparations of inactivated porcine parvovirus to stimulate antibody response was studied. The adjuvants chosen were aluminium hydroxide gel [Al(OH)3, 30-50%], water-in-mineral-oil emulsion (w/Mo, 50%) alone or combined with Al(OH)3, and two synthetic products known as dimethyldioctadecylammoniumbromide (DDA, 0.16%) and an acrylic acid polymer resin (Carbopol 934P, 0.02%) respectively. For each preparation, swine and guinea pigs devoid of antibody to porcine parvovirus were inoculated. Among all the preparations tested, two of them i.e. emulsified Al(OH)3 adsorbed antigen and Carbopol 934P emulsified virus, gave the most significant antibody response in animals, without any difference being noted in the behaviour of the two animal species.
Analysis, Design, and Implementation of Integrated Charge Pumps with High Performance (2011)

This thesis presents the design of new integrated charge pumps with high performance. An analysis method is determined to evaluate the voltage gain, the output resistance and the conversion efficiency parameters of integrated charge pumps. An optimization method is developed to improve the performance through capacitor sizing based on area constraints. Several charge pumps structures are optimized and compared including the losses due to devices parasitics. Results show that the Dickson charge pump (voltage doubler) is the best structure for integration. Therefore, techniques to improve per- formance and conversion efficiency of integrated voltage doubler are proposed. Switch bootstrapping technique prevents short-circuit losses, improves driving capability, and enhances the overall efficiency. The application of charge reuse technique reduces the dynamic power losses of integrated voltage doublers and double charge pumps. A pro- totype of the integrated voltage doublers was fabricated in a 0.18-μm CMOS process with the proposed techniques. Measured results have been presented, demonstrating the improvements in performance and conversion efficiency, with a good correlation between measured and predicted results.
Experiments on additional heating of FRC plasmas (2001)

Experiments on additional heating by neutral beam injection and application of a low frequency wave to a plasma with an extremely high averaged beta value of about 90% - a field reversed configuration (FRC) plasma - are carried out using the FRC Injection Experiment (FIX) apparatus. These experiments are made possible by translating the FRC plasma produced in a formation region of a theta pinch to a confinement region in order to secure better accessibility to heating facilities and to control plasma density. By determining the appropriate injection geometry and the mirror ratio of the confinement region, it became possible to inject a neutral beam with an energy of 14 keV and a current of 23 A into the FRC in a solenoidal confining field of only 0.04-0.05 T. Plasma confinement is improved in this experiment. Ion heating is observed to result from the application of a low frequency (80 kHz, about 1/4 of the ion gyrofrequency) compressional wave. A shear wave, probably mode converted from the compressional wave, is observed to propagate axially.
El informe psicológico en las adopciones internacionales (1999)

These results confirm the feasibility of agroinfiltration for transient gene expression of viral epitopes in monocot plants which naturally resist stable transformation by <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>. Practical implications of this finding are discussed in detail and some recommendations for future studies are proposed.
Percutaneous administration of progesterone: blood levels and endometrial protection (2005)

There is controversy about the beneficial effects of topical progesterone creams used by postmenopausal women. A major concern is that serum progesterone levels achieved with progesterone creams are too low to have a secretory effect on the endometrium. However, antiproliferative effects on the endometrium have been demonstrated with progesterone creams when circulating levels of progesterone are low. Thus, effects of topical progesterone creams on the endometrium should not be based on serum progesterone levels, but on histologic examination of the endometrium. Despite the low serum progesterone levels achieved with the creams, salivary progesterone levels are very high, indicating that progesterone levels in serum do not necessarily reflect those in tissues. The mechanism by which the serum progesterone levels remain low is not known. However, one explanation is that after absorption through the skin, the lipophilic ingredients of creams, including progesterone, may have a preference for saturating the fatty layer below the dermis. Because there appears to be rapid uptake and release of steroids by red blood cells passing through capillaries, these cells may play an important role in transporting progesterone to salivary glands and other tissues. In contrast to progesterone creams, progesterone gels are water-soluble and appear to enter the microcirculation rapidly, thus giving rise to elevated serum progesterone levels with progesterone doses comparable to those used in creams.
The effect of embedded carbon nanotubes on the morphological evolution during the carbonization of poly(acrylonitrile) nanofibers (2008)

Hybrid nanofibers with different concentrations of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were fabricated using the electrospinning technique and subsequently carbonized. The morphology of the fabricated carbon nanofibers (CNFs) at different stages of the carbonization process was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The polycrystalline nature of the CNFs was shown, with increasing content of ordered crystalline regions having enhanced orientation with increasing content of MWCNTs. The results indicate that embedded MWCNTs in the PAN nanofibers nucleate the growth of carbon crystals during PAN carbonization.
Optical spin polarization and state-sensitive detection of a cesium atomic beam (1993)

A cesium atomic beam having a high degree of polarization is prepared by optical pumping with two circularly polarized diode lasers, and a technique for state-sensitive atomic detection involving laser-induced fluorescence in a magnetic field (LIFB) is introduced. An atomic-beam polarization of 93% is measured using the LIFB technique, and the combined use of optical-state preparation and LIFB detection in an atomic-recoil experiment to study spin-changing electron-atom collisions is demonstrated.