gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermoelectric Converters of Human Warmth for Self-Powered Wireless Sensor Nodes (2007)

Solar cells are the most commonly used devices in customer products to achieve power autonomy. This paper discusses a complementary approach to provide power autonomy to devices on a human body, i.e., thermoelectric conversion of human heat. In indoor applications, thermoelectric converters on the skin can provide more power per square centimeter than solar cells, particularly in adverse illumination conditions. Moreover, they work day and night. The first sensor nodes powered by human heat have been demonstrated and tested on people in 2004-2005. They used the state-of-the-art 100-muW watch-size thermoelectric wrist generators fabricated at IMEC and based on custom-design small-size BiTe thermopiles. The sensor node is completed with a power conditioning module, a microcontroller, and a wireless transceiver mounted on a watchstrap
Data warehouse for EIS: some issues and impacts (1996)

The data warehouse is one of the most rapidly growing areas in management information systems. With this approach, data for EIS and DSS applications is separated from operational data and stored in a separate database called a data warehouse. Some of the advantages of this approach are improved performance, better data quality, and the ability to consolidate and summarize data from heterogeneous legacy systems. A data warehouse is part of a larger infrastructure that includes legacy data sources, external data sources, a repository, data acquisition software, and user interface and related analytical tools. A powerful form of data analysis, called multidimensional data analysis, is often performed by users of a data warehouse. Data warehouses can be organized into two-tier or three-tier client/server systems. Despite the complexity of the data warehouse environment little academic research has been performed in this area. This paper identifies a number of issues that arise in the context of developing and using a data warehouse. It develops a proposed research model to determine the impact of factors such as organizational factors, warehouse infrastructure, and management support on user satisfaction and development characteristics of a data warehouse.
Synthesis of New Photoactivatable Phenylalanine Analogues and Their Incorporation into a Model Peptide − Phenylseleno Derivatives as Precursors of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones in Peptide Synthesis (2002)

The asymmetric synthesis of (S)-Boc-p-(propanoyl)phenylalanine (10) was performed by alkylation of sultam N-(diphenylmethylene)glycinate (4). Different pathways for the introduction of a phenylseleno moiety α to the ketone function were investigated. (S)-Boc-p-[2′-(phenylselenenyl)propanoyl]phenylalanine (11) was easily obtained from (S)-Boc-p-(propanoyl)phenylalanine (10). However, the phenylseleno moiety α to the carbonyl group was found to be unstable to the conditions required for solid-phase peptide synthesis. Therefore, (2S)-Boc-p-[2′-(phenylselenenyl)propanoyl]phenylalanine (11) was transformed into Boc-p-[3′-(phenylselenenyl)propanoyl]phenylalanine (13), which was successfully incorporated into the sequence of a model peptide. The corresponding enone function generated under mild acidic conditions was found to be stable in aqueous solution at pH = 7, but suitably reactive upon irradiation. Thus, these phenylalanine analogs bearing an unsaturated ketone represent new photoreactive probes. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002)
Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction (2014)

Age-related diastolic dysfunction is a major factor in the epidemic of heart failure. In patients hospitalized with heart failure, HFpEF is now as common as heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. We now have many successful treatments for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, while specific treatment options for HFpEF patients remain elusive. The lack of treatments for HFpEF reflects our very incomplete understanding of this constellation of diseases. There are many pathophysiological factors in HFpEF, but aging appears to play an important role. Here, we propose that aging of the myocardium is itself a specific pathophysiological process. New insights into the aging heart, including hormonal controls and specific molecular pathways, such as microRNAs, are pointing to myocardial aging as a potentially reversible process. While the overall process of aging remains mysterious, understanding the molecular pathways of myocardial aging has never been more important. Unraveling these pathways could lead to new therapies for the enormous and growing problem of HFpEF.
Prevention of antibiotic‐associated diarrhea in children by Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI (2003)

Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI is effective for both the treatment and the prophylaxis of AAD in children, as it normalizes the intestinal flora disturbed by antibiotics.
Regulation of peptide antibiotic production in Bacillus (1993)

In Bacillus species, starvation leads to the activation of a number of processes that affect the ability to survive during periods of nutritional stress. Activities that are induced include the development of genetic competence, sporulation, the synthesis of degradative enzymes, motility, and antibiotic production. The genes that function in these processes are activated during the transition from exponential to stationary phase and are controlled by mechanisms that operate primarily at the level of transcription initiation. One class of genes functions in the synthesis of special metabolites such as the peptide antibiotics tyrocidine and gramicidin S as well as the cyclic lipopeptide surfactin. These genes include the grs and tyc operons in Bacillus brevis, which encode gramicidin S synthetase and tyrocidine synthetase, respectively, and the srfA operon of Bacillus subtilis which encodes the enzymes of the surfactin synthetase complex. Peptide antibiotic biosynthesis genes are regulated by factors as diverse as the early sporulation gene product Spo0A, the transition-state regulator AbrB, and gene products (ComA, ComP, and ComQ) required for the initiation of the competence developmental pathway.
Compound Cytotoxicity Profiling Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening (2007)

The generation of high-quality cytotoxicity data on this large library of known compounds using qHTS demonstrates the potential of this methodology to profile a much broader array of assays and compounds, which, in aggregate, may be valuable for prioritizing compounds for further toxicologic evaluation, identifying compounds with particular mechanisms of action, and potentially predicting in vivo biological response.
Monterey Formation porcelanite reservoirs of the Elk Hills field, Kern County, California (2001)

Oil and gas production from Monterey Formation porcelanite at the Elk Hills field in California's San Joaquin basin occurs from intervals that have quartz-phase mineralogy. However, characteristics differ from chert and porcelanite reservoirs of the coastal California Monterey Formation in that matrix porosity is more typical of the opal-CT phase, petroleum storage is mostly in the matrix, and natural fracture patterns are dominantly small scale. Several Elk Hills reservoirs located on two large anticlines produce from porcelanite. The 29R AB and 31S D are the most productive porcelanite reservoirs, each having cumulative oil production of about 40 million bbl. Although interbedded with siliceous shale, sandstone, and dolomite, most of the porous reservoir rock is laminated porcelanite. Porosity averages between 20 and 25% and is evenly distributed throughout the porcelanite as extremely small pores ranging in size from 1 to 10 µm. Matrix permeability averages 0.8 md, but flow of oil and gas is enhanced through fractures parallel with and perpendicular to bedding. Higher than anticipated porosity may be in part due to migration of hydrocarbons into the porcelanite reservoirs while still in opal-CT-phase mineralogy. The dissolution of opal-CT and precipitation of quartz occurs in place, and the resulting quartz-phase mineral structure mimicks the porous opal-CT framework.
microRNAs exhibit high frequency genomic alterations in human cancer (2006)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous noncoding RNAs, which negatively regulate gene expression. To determine genomewide miRNA DNA copy number abnormalities in cancer, 283 known human miRNA genes were analyzed by high-resolution array-based comparative genomic hybridization in 227 human ovarian cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma specimens. A high proportion of genomic loci containing miRNA genes exhibited DNA copy number alterations in ovarian cancer (37.1%), breast cancer (72.8%), and melanoma (85.9%), where copy number alterations observed in >15% tumors were considered significant for each miRNA gene. We identified 41 miRNA genes with gene copy number changes that were shared among the three cancer types (26 with gains and 15 with losses) as well as miRNA genes with copy number changes that were unique to each tumor type. Importantly, we show that miRNA copy changes correlate with miRNA expression. Finally, we identified high frequency copy number abnormalities of Dicer1, Argonaute2, and other miRNA-associated genes in breast and ovarian cancer as well as melanoma. These findings support the notion that copy number alterations of miRNAs and their regulatory genes are highly prevalent in cancer and may account partly for the frequent miRNA gene deregulation reported in several tumor types.
Aromatische Diazoniumsalze, X. Durchführung der Jacobsonschen Indazolsynthese im Eintopfverfahren (1980)

Abstract Indazol und substituierte 1 H ‐Indazole 3 lassen sich aus o ‐Toluidinen 1 , Alkylnitrit oder nitrosen Gasen, Kaliumacetat und Acetanhydrid in Benzol mit guten Ausbeuten (Tabelle 1) im Eintopfverfahren darstellen. Die spektroskopischen Eigenschaften (Tabellen 2–4) der dargestellten Indazolderivate werden diskutiert. — Nach dem gleichen Verfahren wurde 4‐Phenylcinnolin ( 18 ) aus o ‐(α‐Methylenbenzyl)anilin ( 17 ) gewonnen.
In Vitro Activities of DA-7867, a Novel Oxazolidinone, against Recent Clinical Isolates of Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria (2003)

In vitro activities of DA-7867, a novel oxazolidinone, were compared to those of linezolid and commonly used antimicrobials. DA-7867 had the lowest MIC for 90% of the aerobic gram-positive bacterial strains tested, </=0.25 micro g/ml, and it was more potent than linezolid.
InternetExpress: an inter-desktop multimedia data-transfer service (1991)

An integrated desktop data-transfer service called InternetExpress, which was designed to overcome the shortcomings in existing network-based transfer tools with respect to heterogeneity, seamlessness, user-interface simplicity, timeliness and security, is presented. This service allows users to share data conforming to any data standard across heterogeneous environments on the Internet, assuming the environments follow the general principles of the desktop metaphor. InternetExpress is selection-based. A prototype of InternetExpress has been implemented in the Intermedia desktop environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Improved Solid Supports and Spacer/Linker Systems for the Synthesis of Spatially Addressable PNA-Libraries (1999)

Abstract Recently, consequential technologies1–3 in molecular biology were developed using ordered arrays of DNA- and PNA-oligomers, which serve as analytic and diagnostic tools for DNA analyses We want to present our developments towards new spacer/linker systems for improved synthesis, cleavage and analysis of PNA-arrays, using new porous materials as solid support.
52.3: An Improved Polarizing Beamsplitter LCOS Projection Display Based on Wire‐Grid Polarizers (2001)

Abstract MOXTEK has developed a new polarizer technology for the visible spectrum based on the technology of nanometer‐scale wire‐grids. They have named their technology ProFlux(tm) Polarizers. These polarizers are extremely durable in the LCOS and transmissive light valve projector environment. They also offer very attractive optical performance characteristics as beam splitters in the imaging path, especially for an LCOS‐type system. However, since they are plate beamsplitters, they are not a direct replacement for current cube beamsplitters. The proper optical system architecture based on the MOXTEK ProFlux(tm) technology will exhibit significant improvements in image contrast, contrast uniformity, brightness uniformity, and color uniformity. This paper compares performance of conventional beamsplitter cubes with the ProFlux™ beamsplitter. It suggests optical architectures that favor the characteristics of this new beamsplitter while avoiding the problems characteristic of a plate beamsplitter. Test data on polarizers and example system performance will be presented.
Mutual coupling in multi-element array antennas and its influence on MIMO channel capacity (2003)

The effects of mutual coupling between receive elements in a multi-element antenna on multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system capacity are reported. The results are based upon analysis of mutual coupling calculated for a measured linear array of five printed dipole elements with 0.56 of a wavelength spacing. It is shown that the presence of mutual coupling at the receive array antenna leads to additional correlation between spatial channels and results in a loss of MIMO system capacity.
Alternatively spliced cyclin C mRNA is widely expressed, cell cycle regulated, and encodes a truncated cyclin box. (1996)

The cyclin C protein has recently been shown to associate with a unique cyclin dependent protein kinase (cdk8) and it has been proposed that this complex may regulate RNA transcription during the cell cycle. In addition, the human cyclin C gene has been localized to human chromosome 6q21 and it was found to be frequently deleted in a subset of acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL's). Screening of an avian T-cell cDNA library resulted in the isolation of a cyclin C homologue as well as an abundant, yet distinct, cyclin C-related cDNA. The predicted open reading frame (ORF) of the cyclin C cDNA predicted a 283 amino acid protein that was > 99% identical to the human protein and 72% identical to the Drosophila melanogaster protein. However, the predicted ORF of the cyclin C-related cDNA predicted a much smaller 105 amino acid protein that was identical to cyclin C well into the cyclin-box region (amino acid residue 98), where it abruptly diverges and then terminates. Using PCR analysis of cDNA derived from a range of cell lines and tissues, alternative splicing of the avian cyclin C gene has been demonstrated. Furthermore, a smaller approximately 19 kDa protein that co-migrates with the in vitro transcribed and translated truncated cyclin C protein was detected in normal and virally-transformed avian cells with a cyclin C-specific antibody. Expression of alternatively spliced cyclin C mRNA and protein is regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner reminiscent of cyclin B2. The function of this truncated cyclin C protein is not known, but its expression in avian cells suggest that this truncated cyclin C protein may participate as an early endogenously encoded cyclin C inhibitor.
Rate responses of auditory nerve fibers to tones in noise near masked threshold (1986)

The rate responses of auditory nerve fibers were measured for best frequency (BF) tone bursts in the presence of continuous background noise. Rate functions for BF tones were constructed over a 32-dB range of levels, centered on the behavioral masked thresholds of cats. The tone level at which noticeable rate changes are evoked by the tones corresponds closely to behavioral masked threshold at all noise levels used (-10- to 30-dB spectrum level). As the noise level increases, the response rate to the background noise approaches saturation, and the incremental rate response to tones decreases. At high noise levels, the rate responses to tones of low and medium spontaneous rate fibers are larger than those of high spontaneous rate fibers. Empirical statistics of auditory nerve fiber spike counts are reported; these differ from those expected of a Poisson process in that the variance is smaller than the mean. A new measure of discharge rate is described that allows rate changes to be expressed in units of a standard deviation. This measure allows tone-evoked responses to be interpreted in terms of their detectability in a signal detection task. Rate responses of low and medium spontaneous rate fibers are more detectable than those of high spontaneous rate fibers, especially at high noise levels. There appears to be sufficient information in the rate response of a small number of auditory nerve fibers to support behaviorally observed levels of detection performance.
Ortho-Substituted Catechol Derivatives:  The Effect of Intramolecular Hydrogen-Bonding Pathways on Chloride Anion Recognition (2007)

This paper reports a series of chloride anion receptors containing two catechol head groups connected through their ortho-positions via a spacer chain. The linking group chosen to attach the spacer chain to the catechol units has a major impact on the anion-binding potential of the receptor. Linking groups that are capable of forming stable six-membered intramolecular hydrogen-bonded rings with the catechol O-H groups significantly inhibit the ability of the catechol units to hydrogen bond to chloride anions. However, where the linking groups are only capable of forming five- or seven-membered intramolecular hydrogen-bonded rings, then anion binding via hydrogen bonding through the catechol O-H groups becomes a possibility. This process is solvent dependent; the presence of competitive solvent (e.g., DMSO-d6) disrupts the intramolecular hydrogen-bonding pattern and enhances anion binding relative to simple unfunctionalized catechol. The most effective receptor is that in which the hydrogen-bonding linker (-CH2CONH-) is most distant from the catechol units and can only form a seven-membered intramolecular hydrogen-bonded ring. In this case, the receptor, which contains two catechol units, is a more effective chloride anion binder than simple unfunctionalized catechol, demonstrating that the two head groups, in combination with the N-H groups in the linker, act cooperatively and enhance the degree of anion binding. In summary, this paper provides insight into the hydrogen-bonding patterns in ortho-functionalized catechols and the impact these have on the potential of the catechol O-H groups to hydrogen bond to a chloride anion.
Coordinate Suppression of ERBB2 and ERBB3 by Enforced Expression of Micro-RNA miR-125a or miR-125b (2006)

Deregulation of micro-RNAs (miRNAs) is emerging as a major aspect of cancer etiology because their capacity to direct the translation and stability of targeted transcripts can dramatically influence cellular physiology. To explore the potential of exogenously applied miRNAs to suppress oncogenic proteins, the ERBB oncogene family was chosen with a bioinformatics search identifying targeting seed sequences for miR-125a and miR-125b within the 3'-untranslated regions of both ERBB2 and ERBB3. Using the human breast cancer cell line SKBR3 as a model for ERBB2 and ERBB3 dependence, infection of these cells with retroviral constructs expressing either miR-125a or miR-125b resulted in suppression of ERBB2 and ERBB3 at both the transcript and protein level. Luciferase constructs containing the 3' 3'-untranslated regions of ERBB2 and ERBB3 demonstrated approximately 35% less activity in miR-125a- and miR-125b-expressing cells relative to controls. Additionally, phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and AKT was suppressed in SKBR3 cells overexpressing either miR-125a or miR-125b. Consistent with suppression of both ERBB2 and ERBB3 signaling, miR-125a-or miR-125b-overexpressing SKBR3 cells were impaired in their anchorage-dependent growth and exhibited reduced migration and invasion capacities. Parallel studies performed on MCF10A cells demonstrated that miR-125a or miR-125b overexpression produced only marginal influences on the growth and migration of these non-transformed human mammary epithelial cells. These results illustrate the feasibility of using miRNAs as a therapeutic strategy to suppress oncogene expression and function.
Targeting Serine / Threonine Protein Kinase B / Akt and Cell-cycle Checkpoint Kinases for Treating Cancer (2002)

Over the past decade, protein kinases have emerged as a group of molecular targets with the potential to be "cancer-specific", allowing the selective targeting of cancer cells versus normal cells. These selective anticancer drugs would eliminate the cytotoxic side effects that are associated with conventional cancer chemotherapy. This article will focus on two emerging and less-explored protein serine/threonine kinase targets: PKB/Akt and checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1). Protein kinase B/Akts are a group of serine/threonine kinases that are overexpressed in a variety of human tumors. An Akt inhibitor would target the imbalance of pro-versus anti-apoptosis regulation in cancerous as compared to healthy cells. Thus, a greater therapeutic window than conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy is expected. Cell-cycle checkpoints have become attractive targets since some of them, such as the G1/S checkpoint, are defective in most tumor cells. Inhibition of one or more of the remaining checkpoint(s) could make cancerous cells more sensitive than healthy cells toward DNA damaging agents or radiation therapy. Among the checkpoint kinases, Chk1 appears to be an attractive molecular target. Chk1 blocks the activation of the Cdc2-cyclin B kinase complex, and hence entry into mitosis, by disrupting the translocation of the phosphatase Cdc25C from the cyotoplasm to the nucleus. A limited number of small molecule inhibitors in this emerging field and their mode of action will be reviewed.
Effects of aclidinium bromide on exercise endurance, dynamic hyperinflation, physical activity and exertional dyspnoea in patients with moderate to severe COPD (2013)

INTRODUCTION: Lung hyperinflation is related to exertional dyspnoea, exercise intolerance and reduced physical activity in COPD patients. AIMS: To investigate the effects of aclidinium on dynamic hyperinflation, exercise endurance time, physical activity and dyspnoea in COPD patients . METHODS: This double-blind, randomized, crossover study compared aclidinium bromide 400 µg BID (metered dose; equivalent to aclidinium 322 µg delivered dose) with placebo, each for 3 weeks, in 112 patients with moderate to severe stable COPD (FEV 1 1.50 L, 56.7% pred). Patients performed constant load exercise at 75% of peak incremental exercise work rate. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in endurance time at Week 3. Other assessments were dyspnoea (Borg scale), dynamic inspiratory capacity (dIC) and parameters of physical activity (SenseWear® accelerometer). RESULTS: see table Change from baseline Aclidinium 400 µg BID Placebo Δ Adjusted LS mean (95% CI), Week 3 Endurance time, s 68.3 (31.1, 105.6) 9.8 (-27.8, 47.4) 58.5* (9.0, 108.0) Dyspnoea, units -0.48 (-0.87, -0.09) 0.15 (-0.25, 0.54) -0.63* (-1.11, -0.14) dIC, mL At rest 140 (78, 202) -36 (-98, 26) 176‡ (92, 260) Isotime 117 (58, 0.176) -38 (-97, 21) 155† (76, 234) Peak 119 (62, 175) -42 (-98, 14) 161‡ (87, 235) Mean over 1 week Daily physical activity Active energy consumption, kcal 22 -33 55* Step count, steps 296 -163 459 Moderate activity, mins 4.2 -5.9 10.0* p&lt;0.05, †p&lt;0.001, ‡p&lt;0.0001 CONCLUSIONS: Aclidinium significantly improved dynamic hyperinflation, exercise tolerance, physical activity and dyspnoea compared with placebo in COPD patients.