gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Global Perspective on Avian Influenza (2008)

Global public health security is both a collective aspiration and a mutual responsibility that demands cooperative action at all levels. The expansion of the current H5N1 avian influenza enzootic and its incursion into human health presents a real and significant threat of an influenza pandemic. The world has for the first time an unprecedented opportunity for pandemic preparation. Current global efforts to tackle the H5N1 pandemic threat are centred around the framework of the International Health Regulations (2005) that requires countries to openly share disease intelligence including clinical samples, viruses and epidemiological information. Present international initiatives also seek to establish more equitable allocation and sharing mechanisms for developing countries, of therapeutic resources, public health interventions and other broad-based support in the event of a pandemic. To be sustainable, country preparatory efforts need to be integrated within wider national emergency preparedness frameworks and emphasise the strengthening of basic capacities in disease surveillance, outbreak response and health systems that can respond to a range of public health emergencies. Such capacity building represents permanent investments in health that will have enduring benefits beyond a pandemic. Preparations must also go beyond the health sector; greater promotion of intersectoral cooperation and an adoption of a whole-of-society approach to preparation is recommended. Broad collaboration is vital in addressing the complex challenge posed by influenza to our collective security.
Parallel coprocessors speed graphics system (1983)

Up to five parallel coprocessors, a pipelined architecture and display-list data structures combine to create Ramtek Corporation's fast, modular/raster graphics system, which is upgradable with software. It is stated that the system meets the needs of most CAD/CAM and simulation graphics applications. A 32-bit Vmebus structure is used.
Conformation and interactions of elastin. Proton magnetic resonance of the repeating pentapeptide (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConformation and interactions of elastin. Proton magnetic resonance of the repeating pentapeptideD. W. Urry, W. D. Cunningham, and T. OhnishiCite this: Biochemistry 1974, 13, 3, 609–616Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00700a032https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00700a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views155Altmetric-Citations75LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Heparin binding properties of human histidine-rich glycoprotein. Mechanism and role in the neutralization of heparin in plasma. (1983)

Human histidine-rich glycoprotein was found to interact strongly with heparin both in purified systems and in plasma, resulting in neutralization of the anti-coagulant activity of heparin. In purified systems, histidine-rich glycoprotein and heparin react with apparent 1:1 stoichiometry to form a complex with a dissociation constant of 7 nM. Covalent heparin-antithrombin complex still reacts with histidine-rich glycoprotein to form a complex with a dissociation constant of 29 nM. The interaction between a Mr = 4300-heparin fragment and histidine-rich glycoprotein appeared to be more complex. The mechanism of the interaction between histidine-rich glycoprotein and heparin appeared to be different from that between antithrombin III and heparin, since the former is abolished by EDTA and occurs both with heparin molecules having a high affinity or a low affinity for antithrombin III. In plasma, histidine-rich glycoprotein efficiently counteracts the anticoagulant activity of heparin. Both the thrombin times and the activated factor X inhibition following addition of heparin are markedly prolonged in the absence of histidine-rich glycoprotein and shortened by addition of purified histidine-rich glycoprotein. Low affinity heparin was found to efficiently compete with high affinity heparin for binding to histidine-rich glycoprotein but not to antithrombin III. This results in an increased anticoagulant activity of high affinity heparin in the presence of low affinity heparin. Since the effect of histidine-rich glycoprotein on the anticoagulant properties of heparin is clearly demonstrated in normal plasma, it may be of clinical significance.
Bonding by atomic rearrangement of InP/InGaAsP 1.5 μm wavelength lasers on GaAs substrates (1991)

A technique, namely bonding by atomic rearrangement has been invented to realize high quality heteroepitaxy for lasers and optoelectronics. High performance lasers of 1.5 μm wavelength have been fabricated on GaAs substrates using this method. The laser has the same threshold current and quantum efficiency as lasers on InP substrates. No performance degradation has been observed. The transmission electron microscopic results show that the heteroepitaxy is excellent, without a single threading dislocation or stacking fault.
G PROTEINS: TRANSDUCERS OF RECEPTOR-GENERATED SIGNALS (1987)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
First in-vivo studies of presbyopia treatment with ultrashort laser pulses (2003)

The most probable reason for presbyopia, the age-related loss of the accomodation-ability of the eye, is an age-related loss of the elasticity of the lens. To increase the elasticity, resp. regain elasticity we performed different fs-laser-induced cuts with an near-infrared 5 kHz femtosecond laser inside ex-vivo and in-vivo rabbit lenses. Sagittal and annulus cutting patterns in the lens were produced by focusing the laser beam through the cornea inside the lens and creating a laser induced optical breakdown. The cutting results were recorded with light microscopy and finally, after euthanization, changes in the optical fibers of the lens tissue were described.
A novel microparticulate vaccine for melanoma cancer using transdermal delivery (2011)

In this study, we formulated a microparticulate melanoma cancer vaccine via the transdermal route. The vaccine was delivered using microneedle-based Dermaroller® which is available for cosmetic purposes. Unlike subcutaneous injections, administration using microneedles is painless and in general can increase the permeability of many compounds ranging in size from small molecules to proteins and microparticles that do not normally penetrate the skin. The vaccine microparticles were taken up by the antigen presenting cells which demonstrated a strong IgG titre level of 930 ug/mL in serum samples. The formulation increased the immunogenicity of the vaccine by incorporating the antigen into an albumin matrix having a size range of around 0.63-1.4 µm which acted as a synthetic adjuvant. The animals were vaccinated with 1 prime and 4 booster doses administered every 14 days over 8 weeks duration, followed by challenge with live tumour cells which showed protection after transdermal vaccination.
Molecular weight and amino acid composition of the exocellular dd-carboxypeptidase–transpeptidase of Streptomyces R61 (1973)

A procedure allowing the purification of milligram amounts of the exocellular dd-carboxypeptidase-transpeptidase from Streptomyces R61 to protein homogeneity (95% purity) is described. The isolated protein has a molecular weight of about 38000 and consists of one polypeptide chain. Its amino acid composition is presented.
A portable digital seismic recorder with event recording capability (1976)

A portable digital recorder with event-triggering capability has been designed, and four have been constructed and field tested. The design was based on that used for over 2 years in ocean bottom seismic capsules. The outputs of as many as four seismometers are amplified, filtered, and digitized continuously at 64, 128, 256, or 512 total samples per second. The digital data are mixed with a time code, identification and synchronization patterns, serialized, and passed through a 512, 1024, or 1536 sample shift register which acts as a delay line. Data are then recorded on an unmodified Sony TC800B tape recorder which is turned on when a seismic event occurs. The event is triggered when the analog/digital converter output jumps above a preset threshold. Data are recovered using the same or a similar recorder for playback. A decoder provides an analog output for field interpretation or a digital output for computer compatible input. The tape recorder capacity is 1.4 million samples, or 3 hr of recording of a single channel at 128 samples per second.
Valuation of Reserve Services (2008)

Spinning reserve is idle capacity connected to the system with the purpose of balancing power demand and supply in real-time and ensuring reliable system operations in the case of equipment outages. The reserve has an economic value since it reduces the load shedding costs. This value is impacted by the reliability and dynamic characteristics of system components, the variability of the load from its forecast, the system operation policies, and economic aspects such as the risk preferences of the demand. In this paper, we take into account all these aspects to estimate the reserve value. The results require little computational effort, and are useful in the development of reserve demand functions and optimal reserve requirements.
Support for the Prion Hypothesis for Inheritance of a Phenotypic Trait in Yeast (1996)

A cytoplasmically inherited genetic element in yeast, [PSI+], was confirmed to be a prionlike aggregate of the cellular protein Sup35 by differential centrifugation analysis and microscopic localization of a Sup35-green fluorescent protein fusion. Aggregation depended on the intracellular concentration and functional state of the chaperone protein Hsp104 in the same manner as did [PSI+] inheritance. The amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal domains of Sup35 contributed to the unusual behavior of [PSI+]. [PSI+] altered the conformational state of newly synthesized prion proteins, inducing them to aggregate as well, thus fulfilling a major tenet of the prion hypothesis.
Multi-camera multi-object tracking by robust hough-based homography projections (2011)

Recently, several approaches have been introduced for incorporating the information from multiple cameras to increase the robustness of tracking. This allows to handle problems of mutually occluding objects - a reasonable scenario for many tasks such as visual surveillance or sports analysis. However, these methods often ignore problems such as inaccurate geometric constraints and violated geometric assumptions, requiring complex methods to resolve the resulting errors. In this paper, we introduce a new multiple camera tracking approach that inherently avoids these problems. We build on the ideas of generalized Hough voting and extend it to the multiple camera domain. This offers the following advantages: we reduce the amount of data in voting and are robust to projection errors. Moreover, we show that using additional geometric information can help to train more specific classifiers drastically improving the tracking performance. We confirm these findings by comparing our approach to existing (multi-camera) tracking methods.
Stem Cell-Like Properties of the Endometrial Side Population: Implication in Endometrial Regeneration (2010)

These results indicate that putative endometrial stem cells are highly enriched in the ESP cells. These unique characteristics suggest that ESP cells might drive physiological endometrial regeneration and be involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
Isolation of a contact-dependent haemolysin from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1997)

Contact-dependent haemolytic activity was observed with cells of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H(37)Rv and M. tuberculosis H(37)Ra, but not with those of M. bovis, M. bovis BCG and M. africanum. Culture filtrates of all these strains did not exhibit any haemolytic activity. M. tuberculosis H(37)Rv was subsequently used for the isolation of haemolysin. Haemolytic activity was retained in the cell debris even after sonication of the cells and treatment with Tween 80 and lysozyme. Solubilisation of haemolysin was possible only after the cell debris was washed with ethanol 70% and then treated with Tween 80 0.1%. The haemolysin thus obtained showed a micellar M(r) of >200000 by gel-filtration on Sephadex G-200 and a subunit M(r) of 66000 by SDS-PAGE. It was sensitive to trypsin but stable when heated at 60 degrees C for 10 min. Polyclonal serum raised in rabbits against the haemolysin neutralised the haemolytic activity. The N-terminal amino-acid sequence of the 66-kDa subunit of haemolysin showed identity with TB66, the 66-kDa secretory protein of M. tuberculosis, and 30% homology with the haemolysin A precursor of Vibrio cholerae. Phosphatidylglycerol inhibited lysis of sheep erythrocytes by the haemolysin and is probably the receptor for the haemolysin. Haemolysin not only lysed erythrocytes, but was also cytotoxic to human lung cells. It appears that, among the members of the M. tuberculosis complex, the cell-bound contact-dependent haemolysin/cytolysin is restricted to M. tuberculosis and it may be associated with the pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis.
The cost-effectiveness of topical negative pressure versus other wound-healing therapies (2003)

The high daily cost of topical negative pressure may partly explain why it is not widely used. However, an analysis of three case studies that assessed the financial and clinical effects of the therapy shows it is cost-effective in the long term.
Saccharomyces kluyveri FAD3 encodes an ω3 fatty acid desaturase (2004)

Fungi, like plants, are capable of producing the 18-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid. These fatty acids are synthesized by catalytic reactions of Delta12 and omega3 fatty acid desaturases. This paper describes the first cloning and functional characterization of a yeast omega3 fatty acid desaturase gene. The deduced protein encoded by the Saccharomyces kluyveri FAD3 gene (Sk-FAD3) consists of 419 amino acids, and shows 30-60 % identity with Delta12 fatty acid desaturases of several eukaryotic organisms and 29-31 % identity with omega3 fatty acid desaturases of animals and plants. During Sk-FAD3 expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, alpha-linolenic acid accumulated only when linoleic acid was added to the culture medium. The disruption of Sk-FAD3 led to the disappearance of alpha-linolenic acid in S. kluyveri. These findings suggest that Sk-FAD3 is the only omega3 fatty acid desaturase gene in this yeast. Furthermore, transcriptional expression of Sk-FAD3 appears to be regulated by low-temperature stress in a manner different from the other fatty acid desaturase genes in S. kluyveri.
Theory of a sequential addition competitive binding immunoassay based on high-performance immunoaffinity chromatography (1993)

This study examined the theory and behavior of a chromatographic competitive binding immunoassay with sequential injection of sample and a labeled analyte analog. Based on nonlinear chromatographic theory, an equation was derived to describe the calibration curve for this assay in a system with adsorption-limited kinetics and homogeneous binding sites. This equation related assay response (B/Bo) to the column's binding capacity, the moles of analyte and labeled analog injected, and the flow rate/adsorption kinetics of the system. There was good agreement between this equation and experimental data for the binding of human serum albumin (HSA) to an immobilized anti-HSA antibody column. It was found that the amount of labeled analog injected, when applied in excess vs binding sites in the column, had little or no effect on the relative response or position of the calibration curve. The position of the curve was determined mainly by the number of binding sites on the column; however, this position could be shifted over several orders of magnitude by varying the flow rate used for analyte injection. By varying both the injection flow rate and labeled analog load, this method could be designed for use as either a screening test or quantitative assay.
Guidelines for school location planning (1978)

Guidelines provide a general methodology for School Location Planning, and are aimed particularly at improving the access of disadvantaged groups, e.g. the rural poor, and at the more efficient distribution and utilization of inputs, including teachers and learning materials, as well as the school buildings themselves. The main functions of National Ministries of Education in this process are: (a) in the setting of national norms on such variables as school and class size, pupil/teacher ratios, building requirements and costs; (b) in establishing the general relationship between the distribution of population and the schools and their catchment areas; and (c) in the identification of interregional variations in the quantity and quality of education and in planning to reduce or eliminate these variations. Within each major region several strategies for reaching areas currently beyond daily access to existing schools are identified, notably in the possibilities for flexibility in school sizes, as a result of the adoption of special measures, including multigrade teaching, biennial intakes, feeder schools, or double-shifting.
Controlling Degradation of Hydrogels via the Size of Crosslinked Junctions (2004)

The degradation rates of hydrogels are shown to be regulated by the modulation of the dissociation rates of the polymer chains via a size mismatch in the crosslinking zones. This method (used to control degradation) can be exploited in order to engineer cartilage tissue in vivo (see Figure).
Serial Changes in Coagulation and Viscosity during Sickle‐Cell Crisis (1979)

Coagulation activity and whole-blood viscosity were measured in the steady state, and serially during painful crisis, in eight patients with sickle-cell anaemia. Platelet and coagulation activation occurred in the steady state and became more pronounced early in crisis. Whole-blood viscosity increased during crisis in parallel with plasma fibrinogen. Similar changes were found in a parallel study of 20 patients with localized bacterial or viral infection who did not have sickle-cell anaemia. Reports of platelet activation, hypercoagulability, and hyperviscosity during painful crisis therefore reflect secondary changes arising from vascular stasis, precipitating infection, and an acute-phase protein reaction. Although secondary, these changes may contribute to vascular occlusion by an additive effect in vessels already partially occluded by sickled cells.
The Problem of Thrombocytopenia after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (1996)

Thrombocytopenia after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is associated with an increased risk of bleeding and utilization of significant resources. This review presents an analysis of risk factors associated with delayed platelet engraftment. The retrospective analysis included 1,468 recipients of autologous or allogeneic transplants treated between January 1, 1990 and July 1, 1995. Risk factors associated with delayed platelet engraftment after autologous HSCT included use of marrow rather than peripheral blood as the source of stem cells, being transplanted for acute myeloid leukemia rather than other diseases, positive patient serology for cytomegalovirus and the presence of infection post-transplant before engraftment. Risk factors associated with delayed platelet engraftment after allogeneic marrow transplantation included unrelated as opposed to related donor transplants, being transplanted for diseases other than chronic myelogenous leukemia, increased age, onset of acute graft-versus-host disease (AGVHD), male gender, the administration of methotrexate for GVHD prophylaxis and the presence of infection before engraftment. Delayed platelet recovery is associated with decreased survival after both autologous and allogeneic transplants. Management of delayed platelet recovery by transfusion of blood products requires significant medical resources and is of some risk to the patients. Further development of new strategies may safely reduce the need for blood products. These include peripheral blood stem cell transplants (allogeneic and autologous), new algorithms for administering routine platelet transfusions and investigative biological agents for stimulating megakaryocytopoiesis. Further studies may elucidate the cause of increased platelet consumption associated with infection and GVHD.
Process Research and Development of l-Alanyl-l-glutamine, a Component of Parenteral Nutrition (2000)

A large-scale manufacturing method of l-alanyl-l-glutamine used for a component of parenteral nutrition has been studied. The method consisted of a reaction of d-2-chloro- or d-2-bromopropionic acid with thionyl chloride and Schotten−Baumann reaction with l-glutamine followed by ammonolysis reaction. The intermediate d-2-chloropropionyl-l-glutamine was found to be more stable than its bromo analogue. In the ammonolysis reaction, the former intermediate needed a higher reaction temperature, but the by-products produced had little effect on the quality of the final product. The structures of the by-products were conjectured mainly by mass spectrometry and they were removed by anion resin treatment and recrystallization.
C-terminal glycine-histidine tagging of the outer membrane protein Iga β of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1995)

A glycine-histidine tag (Gly,His,)was added to the C-terminus of a fusion protein consisting of the cholera toxin B-subunit (CtxB) and the IgA protease P-domain (IgaP).The aim was to facilitate single-step purification and to create a suitable tool for kinetic and structural studies on IgaP-driven protein translocation across the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.We demonstrate that the glycine-histidine tag does not interfere with the assembly of IgaP in the outer membrane and that the translocator function of the modified Iga p is maintained.The applicability of the new construct for the dissection of the IgaP mediated translocation process and general aspects of C-terminal histidine tagging of outer membrane proteins are discussed.