gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Dipeptides Having a C-Terminal Lysine on the Cholesterol 7α-Hydroxylase mRNA Level in HepG2 Cells (2007)

Inducing expression of the cholesterol-catabolizing enzyme cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) in the liver can be an effective strategy in preventing hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. We used HepG2 cells to investigate the effects of 1 mM dipeptides having a C-terminal lysine group on the CYP7A1 mRNA level. We found that the dipeptides Asp-Lys, Glu-Lys, and Trp-Lys significantly increased the CYP7A1 mRNA level.
Blood stem cell transplants come of age. (1992)

In this report we review meeting highlights. Clearly there has been substantial progress in the laboratory and clinic with regard to blood stem cells. Having proven that these transplants work, it is now time to investigate biologic features in greater detail. Also needed are randomized trials evaluating several of the issues we raise such as whether the better results of blood cell autotransplants are due to more effective treatment or subject selection and whether in vitro removal of tumor cells is necessary or effective.
Hyperammonemic Encephalopathy After Chemotherapy (1997)

A 16-year-old boy had hyperammonemia and encephalopathy develop after high-dose chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. He was treated successfully with the ammonia-trapping agents sodium benzoate and sodium phenylacetate.
The induction of cell-mediated immunity and tolerance with protein antigens coupled to syngeneic lymphoid cells. (1979)

A mouse model of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and tolerance to protein antigens horse gamma globulin (HoGG) and cytochrome (Cyt C) was investigated. A reliable CMI response as measured in vivo by ear swelling or by an in vitro T-cell proliferation assay could be induced by one of two methods: (a) sensitization by antigen-complete Freund's adjuvant in the base of the tail, or (b) sensitization by s.c. injection of antigen coupled to syngeneic lymphoid cells. The in vivo response exhibited characteristic CMI parameters, delayed kinetics, and transfer by viable T cells. Prior i.v. injection of HoGG-modified lymphoid cells (HoGG-LC) or Cyt C-LC before sensitization resulted in a rapidly induced, dose-dependent, antigen-specific suppression of both in vivo and in vitro manifestations of the CMI response. In addition, tolerance in this system was transferrable by an antigen-specific suppressor T cell (Ts). The Ts were found to diminish the in vivo ear swelling reaction in recipient animals, but had no effect on the in vitro T-cell proliferative response of the recipients. In contrast to the rapid development of tolerance in donor mice (phenotypic tolerance), transferrable Ts were first demonstrable 4--7 d posttolerization. This latter result indicates that at least two mechanisms of tolerance are operative in this system: the rapid induction of clone inhibition of reactive T cells and the slower induction of Ts. These results indicate again that the mode of antigen presentation is crucial in determining the immunologic outcome. In these experiments, cell-bound proteins injected subcutaneously led to delayed hypersensitivity while the same antigens injected intravenously led to tolerance. These results are considered in the light of recent experiments which show that T cells recognize antigens on cells in association with major histocompatibility complex products. We believe the following pathways are involved. In sensitization via subcutaneous injection of HoGG-LC, antigen reaches the lymph node via lymphatic pathways which lead to immunogenic macrophage-associated presentation and the activation of delayed hypersensitivity T cells (TDH). In tolerization via intravenous injection of HoGG-LC, antigen (a) reaches the lymph node via the blood, probably directly meeting the TDH, preventing its subsequent activation by immunogenic HoGG (clone inhibition) and (b) reaches the spleen, also via the blood, activating suppressor T cells.
Secondary‐ion generation from large keV molecular primary ions incident on a stainless‐steel dynode (1992)

Abstract Positive and negative secondary ions from large (up to 40 KDa) peptide and protein primary ions incident at 5–40 keV collisional energies on a stainless‐steel (mesh) conversion dynode have been investigated in a tandem (reflectron) time‐of‐flight arrangement. Negative secondary‐ion spectra consisted mainly of H − and C 2 H − , C 2 H ions; positive secondary‐ion spectra were more complex and contained prominent signals due to H + , Na + and K + , and further signals at m / z . 28, 41, 43, 45, 73 up to m / z 326. The secondary mass spectra were qualitatively very similar amongst the various peptide primaries and not different from those of other organic projectiles such as, for example, coronene or cyclodextrin. With increasing mass of the primary ion, ratios of the secondary‐ion abundances changed drastically in the negative secondary‐ion spectra (increase of higher m / z signals, decrease of H − ). Since most of the positive secondary ions could be attributed to a silicon‐organic surface contamination of the dynode (vacuum grease), it is concluded that the formation of such secondary ions is due to sputtering rather than surface‐induced dissociation.
Enhanced Efficacy of Tumor Cell Vaccines Transfected with Secretable hsp70 (2004)

Tumor immunotherapy has exploited the ability of heat shock proteins to chaperone precursors of antigenic peptides to antigen-presenting cells and to activate efficiently an immune response against tumor-associated antigens. The most common strategy is based on the purification of heat shock protein-peptide complexes from tumor cell lines or from tumor surgical samples for in vivo administration. In this article, we have modified the murine-inducible hsp70 into a secreted protein and engineered tumor cells to secrete constitutively their antigenic repertoire associated with the hsp70 protein. In vitro studies showed that the relocalization of hsp70 from the cytoplasm to the secretory pathway did not modify the ability of hsp70 to interact with peptides derived either from natural tumor-associated antigens or model antigens, and that antigen-presenting cells specifically took up the secreted hsp70 and presented the chaperoned epitopes to T cells. In vivo studies showed that tumors secreting hsp70 displayed increased immunogenicity, with induction of a strong and specific CTL response. Mice injected with hsp70-secreting tumors showed increased survival and impaired tumor take compared with mice bearing parental tumors. More than 70% of mice rejected tumor cells secreting hsp70 through mechanisms that involve T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, with the induction of a memory response in the case of T lymphocytes. Moreover, hsp70 secretion increased the immunogenic potential of tumor cell vaccines.
High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Detection A Split-Sample Comparison of Hybrid Capture and Chromogenic In Situ Hybridization (2004)

The American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP) has proposed high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) testing as the "preferred" triage for women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance. We studied 401 atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance liquid-based cervicovaginal cytology split samples for HPV by chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) and by Hybrid Capture (HC) II (Digene, Gaithersburg, MD); 202 underwent HC II followed by CISH, and 199 underwent CISH followed by HC II. Of 401 vials, 101 (25.2%) were positive for HPV by 1 or more methods. HC II labeled 83 of 401 (20.7%) samples as positive, while 38 of 401 (9.5%) were positive by CISH. Positive attributes of CISH include the provision of a cytomorphologic link in assessing HPV positivity and comparative ease of use in laboratories without trained molecular diagnosticians. Greater efficacy and quantitative design are advantages of HC II. Comparing data by sequence of testing showed a lower likelihood of positive test results on the second ancillary test than on the first ancillary test, regardless of age or testing method (odds ratio, second/first = 0.58; P = .003). This finding suggests that liquid-based cervicovaginal cytology samples are not homogeneous throughout. Correlative studies with histology and polymerase chain reaction may clarify predictive values for both methods.
Bioorthogonal Profiling of Protein Methylation Using Azido Derivative of S -Adenosyl- l -methionine (2012)

Protein methyltransferases (PMTs) play critical roles in multiple biological processes. Because PMTs often function in vivo through forming multimeric protein complexes, dissecting their activities in the native contexts is challenging but relevant. To address such a need, we envisioned a Bioorthogonal Profiling of Protein Methylation (BPPM) technology, in which a SAM analogue cofactor can be utilized by multiple rationally engineered PMTs to label substrates of the corresponding native PMTs. Here, 4-azidobut-2-enyl derivative of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (Ab-SAM) was reported as a suitable BPPM cofactor. The resultant cofactor-enzyme pairs were implemented to label specifically the substrates of closely related PMTs (e.g., EuHMT1 and EuHMT2) in a complex cellular mixture. The BPPM approach, coupled with mass spectrometric analysis, enables the identification of the nonhistone targets of EuHMT1/2. Comparison of EuHMT1/2's methylomes indicates that the two human PMTs, although similar in terms of their primary sequences, can act on the distinct sets of nonhistone targets. Given the conserved active sites of PMTs, Ab-SAM and its use in BPPM are expected to be transferable to other PMTs for target identification.
Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy and Long-Term Survival in Patients With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2008)

Patients with TNBC have increased pCR rates compared with non-TNBC, and those with pCR have excellent survival. However, patients with RD after neoadjuvant chemotherapy have significantly worse survival if they have TNBC compared with non-TNBC, particularly in the first 3 years.
Microfactory—Concept, History, and Developments (2004)

This paper reviews the new concept “microfactory” and related developments. Machined parts are becoming progressively smaller, so production machinery that remains a conventional size is often inappropriate for such products. The term “microfactory” represents an entirely new approach to design and manufacture that minimizes production systems to match the size of the parts they produce. It leads to conservation of space and energy, and the reduction of investment and operational costs, as well as the reduction of emissions and the load on operators. Furthermore, it provides a system with dynamic reconfigurability, aiming at a light and agile manufacturing system optimized for current manufacturing needs in a borderless and highly competitive market. In Japan, research institutes, research consortia, and the private sector have carried out targeted research and development aimed at this concept for over a decade. Some systems are past the research stage and in daily use. Outside Japan, the philosophy and advantages of microfactory have reached an appreciative audience in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Microfactory is at the cutting edge of competitive manufacturing in the 21st century, ushering in a multidimensional paradigm shift. Here we also briefly examine some future tasks.
Mechanistic aspects of group transfer polymerization (1993)

Abstract The experimental evidence supporting the involvement of enolate anions in group transfer polymerization(GTP) is reviewed. The results of silyl group exchange studies between living silyl ketene acetal‐ended oligomers under typical GTP conditions are discussed. It is concluded that the observations of significant amounts of silyl group exchange in the presence of polymerizing monomer are not consistent with the originally proposed “associative mechanism” based on the GTP Criterion which precludes intermolecular silyl group exchange.
Molecular cloning of a cDNA coding biliary glycoprotein I: primary structure of a glycoprotein immunologically crossreactive with carcinoembryonic antigen. (1988)

We have isolated and sequenced four overlapping cDNA clones from a normal adult human colon library, which together gave the entire nucleotide sequence for biliary glycoprotein I (BGP I). BGP I is a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family, which is a subfamily in the immunoglobulin gene superfamily. The deduced amino acid sequence of the combined clones for BGP I revealed a 34-residue leader sequence followed by a 108-residue N-terminal domain, a 178-residue immunoglobulin-like domain, a 108-residue region specific to BGP I, a 24-residue transmembrane domain, and a 35-residue cytoplasmic domain. The nucleotide sequence of BGP I exhibited greater than 80% identity with CEA and nonspecific crossreacting antigen (NCA) in the leader peptide, N-terminal domain, and immunoglobulin-like domain. The BGP I-specific domain, designated A', was 56.7% and 55.8% identical at the nucleotide level and 42.6% and 39.6% identical at the amino acid level to the immunoglobulin-like domain of NCA and the first immunoglobulin-like domain of CEA, respectively. Beyond nucleotide position 1375 the 3' region of the BGP I cDNA was found to be specific for BGP I. Hybridization of a probe from this region to electrophoretic blots of RNAs from different human tissues showed a predominant 2.8-kilobase (kb) message accompanied by weaker bands 4.1 and 2.1 kb in size. The same probe gave a single band in Southern blot analysis of restricted total human DNA. Using a coding region probe from the BGP I domain A', we observed 4.1- and 2.1-kb messages. Lack of the 2.8-kb band suggested that different forms of BGP I may be generated by posttranscriptional modification of the same gene. We propose that BGP I diverged from NCA by acquiring an immunoglobulin-like domain substantially different from the domains found in NCA or CEA and also a new cytoplasmic domain. The latter feature should result in a substantially different membrane anchorage mechanism of BGP I compared to CEA, which lacks the cytoplasmic domain and is anchored via a phosphatidylinositol-glycan structure. Protein structural analysis of BGP I isolated from human bile revealed a blocked N terminus, 129 amino acids of internal sequence that are in agreement with the translated cDNA sequence, and five glycosylation sites in the peptides sequenced.
Single lesion subpolar lepromatous leprosy and its possible mode of origin. (1989)

Three case reports of patients with a single, nodular, subpolar lepromatous skin lesion, one on the left elbow, another on the posterior aspect of the left leg, and the third on the extensor ulnar aspect of the right forearm, are presented. The lesions, clinically and histopathologically, resemble lepromas which develop at the site of experimental inoculation of Mycobacterium leprae in armadillos. These are sites on the body which are likely to be traumatized. With the distinct possibility of the presence of viable M. leprae in the soil of Louisiana and Texas from wild armadillos with the natural disease, it is suggested that these three patients acquired the infection from the environment and had inoculation lepromas.
Management of Lone Star Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Recreational Areas with Acaricide Applications, Vegetative Management, and Exclusion of White-Tailed Deer (1990)

A project on management of lone star ticks, Amblyomma americanum (L.), at Land Between the Lakes, a Tennessee Valley Authority recreational area in Kentucky-Tennessee, during 1984-1988, demonstrated the effectiveness and economics of three control technologies. Acaricide applications (chlorpyrifos at 0.28 kg [AI]/ha), vegetative management (mowing and removal of 40% overstory and 90-100% of midstory, understory, and leaf litter), and host management (white-tailed deer exclusion from a 71-ha campground with a single-line fence) provided 75, 70, and 64% mean controls of all life stages of the lone star tick, respectively. Combinations of acaricide applications + vegetative management, acaricide applications + host management, and acaricide applications + vegetative management + host management produced 94, 89, and 96% mean control of all life stages, respectively. The costs of acaricide applications (two per year), vegetative management (two mowings per year), and white-tailed deer exclusion (single-line fence) were $45, $150, and $30/ha/yr, respectively. Results of this project are used to design management strategies that could be considered for use against lone star ticks in recreational areas.
Molecular cloning of the cDNA for an MDCK cell Na(+)- and Cl(-)-dependent taurine transporter that is regulated by hypertonicity. (1992)

Cells in the hypertonic renal medulla maintain their intracellular ion concentration at isotonic levels, despite much higher concentrations of extracellular electrolytes, by accumulating high concentrations of nonperturbing small organic solutes termed osmolytes. Taurine has been identified as a nonperturbing osmolyte in the renal medulla and Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. In hypertonic medium, the increased accumulation of taurine in MDCK cells is the result of increased activity of a Na(+)- and Cl(-)-dependent taurine transporter. We have isolated a cDNA encoding a Na(+)- and Cl(-)-dependent taurine transporter, whose sequence corresponds to a protein of 655 amino acids with significant amino acid sequence similarity to previously cloned Na(+)- and Cl(-)-dependent transporters, including the MDCK cell betaine/gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter and several brain neurotransmitter transporters. Northern hybridization indicates that mRNA for the taurine transporter is present in renal cortex and medulla, ileal mucosa, brain, liver, and heart. The abundance of mRNA for the taurine transporter is increased in MDCK cells cultured in hypertonic medium, suggesting that regulation of transport activity by medium hypertonicity occurs at the level of mRNA accumulation.
ABC of arterial and venous disease: Vascular complications of diabetes (2000)

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Ultra-fast electronic detection of antimicrobial resistance genes using isothermal amplification and Thin Film Transistor sensors (2017)

A low cost thin-film transistor (TFT) nanoribbon (NR) sensor has been developed for rapid real-time detection of DNA amplification using an isothermal Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) method. The semiconductor chip measures DNA amplification through a pH change, rather than via fluorescence. The utility of the method was demonstrated by amplifying CTX-M and NDM, two genes that confer bacterial resistance to cephalosporins and carbapenems, respectively. It is shown that this approach provides extremely fast and sensitive detection. It can detect <10 copies of the gene in genomic DNA extracted from E. coli or K. pneumoniae clinical isolates within a few minutes. A differential readout system was developed to minimize the effect of primer-dimer amplification on the assay. The simple device has the potential for low cost, portable and real-time nucleic acid analysis as a Point of Care device.
The diversity gain of transmit diversity in wireless systems with Rayleigh fading (2002)

Studies the ability of transmit diversity to provide diversity benefit to a receiver in a Rayleigh fading environment. With transmit diversity, multiple antennas transmit delayed versions of a signal to create frequency-selective fading at a single antenna at the receiver, which uses equalization to obtain diversity gain against fading. The author uses Monte Carlo simulation to study transmit diversity for the case of independent Rayleigh fading from each transmit antenna to the receive antenna and maximum likelihood sequence estimation for equalization at the receiver. Ther results show that transmit diversity with M transmit antennas provides a diversity gain within 0.1 dB of that with M receive antennas, for any number of antennas. Thus, one can obtain the same diversity benefit at the remotes and base stations using multiple base station antennas only.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
NY-ESO-1 TCR single edited stem and central memory T cells to treat multiple myeloma without graft-versus-host disease (2017)

Transfer of T-cell receptors (TCRs) specific for tumor-associated antigens is a promising approach for cancer immunotherapy. We developed the TCR gene editing technology that is based on the knockout of the endogenous TCR α and β genes, followed by the introduction of tumor-specific TCR genes, and that proved safer and more effective than conventional TCR gene transfer. Although successful, complete editing requires extensive cell manipulation and 4 transduction procedures. Here we propose a novel and clinically feasible TCR "single editing" (SE) approach, based on the disruption of the endogenous TCR α chain only, followed by the transfer of genes encoding for a tumor-specific TCR. We validated SE with the clinical grade HLA-A2 restricted NY-ESO-1<sub>157-165</sub>-specific TCR. SE allowed the rapid production of high numbers of tumor-specific T cells, with optimal TCR expression and preferential stem memory and central memory phenotype. Similarly to unedited T cells redirected by TCR gene transfer (TCR transferred [TR]), SE T cells efficiently killed NY-ESO-1<sup>pos</sup> targets; however, although TR cells proved highly alloreactive, SE cells showed a favorable safety profile. Accordingly, when infused in NSG mice previously engrafted with myeloma, SE cells mediated tumor rejection without inducing xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease, thus resulting in significantly higher survival than that observed in mice treated with TR cells. Overall, single TCR gene editing represents a clinically feasible approach that is able to increase the safety and efficacy of cancer adoptive immunotherapy.
Low-voltage blue electroluminescence in GaN (1975)

Blue electroluminescence has been obtained in GaN with the energy supplied to each electron lower than the energy of the emitted photons. This antistokes emission increased with the cube of the current. An external power efficiency of 3 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> was obtained. A tentative model of impact excitation by two hot electrons is proposed as the excitation mechanism. The prospects of practical applications of this phenomenon are discussed.
Hydration studies on scaly hand eczema (1987)

Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and electrical conductance by a high-frequency (3.5 MHz) method were measured in 20 patients with chronic scaly hand eczema. Eczematous skin was compared with uninvolved skin of the same anatomical region. TEWL of eczematous skin was increased in all patients. In contrast, the conductance was decreased in all patients except for one, who showed equal values in pathological and uninvolved skin. This indicates that the water-holding capacity of eczematous skin is reduced. There was no correlation between clinical grading of scaling, and TEWL and electrical conductance. TEWL and conductance were not correlated, and the 2 methods are therefore supplementary for assessment of eczema and scaling. TEWL may be useful for monitoring the primary effect of therapy, and conductance for the final documentation of healing.