gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diversity in fine specificity and T cell receptor usage of the human CD4+ cytotoxic T cell response specific for the immunodominant myelin basic protein peptide 87-106 (1992)

Multiple sclerosis (MS), a human demyelinating disease, is thought to be caused by an autoimmunologic process, and myelin basic protein (MBP) is considered a likely autoantigen. Studies of T cell lines (TCL) responding to different parts of the MBP molecule have indicated that amino acids 87 through 106 contain an immunodominant epitope of MBP. We have demonstrated previously that amino acids 89 through 99 represent the core of this 87-106 peptide epitope. Importantly, this epitope is not only encephalitogenic in SJL/J mice and Lewis rats but also has been shown to be recognized by human cytotoxic TCL in the context of four HLA-DR molecules that are associated with MS in different geographic areas. If the immune response to MBP peptide 87-106 was homogeneous with respect to epitope specificity and TCR usage, specific immunotherapies targeting the interaction of peptide, MHC, and TCR might be possible. In this study, the fine specificity of 29 CD4+ cytotoxic, long term, and limiting dilution TCL that had been generated against whole MBP and were derived from four MS patients and two healthy relatives was dissected using truncated and alanine-substituted peptides for the 87-106 peptide. In addition, the TCR alpha and beta chain usage of 15 CD4+ TCL was determined. Using truncated peptides, the presence of several nested immunogenic epitopes within amino acids 87 to 106 was demonstrated. TCL with identical restriction elements and similar responses to truncated peptides could be differentiated further using alanine-substituted peptides. Finally, heterogeneity of TCR usage was shown not only for those lines that differed in their peptide specificity but also for some that showed identical responses and were restricted by the same HLA-DR antigen. In conclusion, the CD4+ cytotoxic T cell response to the immunodominant MBP peptide 87-106 demonstrates a high degree of heterogeneity at the level of fine specificity and TCR usage. These findings indicate that specific immunotherapies aimed at TCR in MS will probably be more complicated than previously anticipated.
Determination of neutral carbohydrates by CZE with direct UV detection (2007)

A new CZE method relying on in-capillary reaction and direct UV detection at the wavelength 270 nm is presented for the simultaneous separation of the neutral carbohydrates xylitol, D-(-)-mannitol, sucrose, D-(+)-fucose, D-(+)-cellobiose, D-(+)-galactose, D-(+)-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-(+)-mannose, D-(-)-arabinose, D-(+)-xylose, and D-(-)-ribose. The alkaline electrolyte solution was prepared of 130 mM sodium hydroxide and 36 mM disodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate. Separation of the sample mixture was achieved within 35 min. Calibration plots were linear in the range of 0.05-3 mM. Reproducibility of migration times was between 0.3 and 1.1%, and the detection limits for the analytes were 0.02 and 0.05 mM. The optimized method was applied for the determination of neutral monosaccharides in lemon, pineapple, and orange juices and a cognac sample. The methodology is fast since no other sample preparation except dilution is required.
Noise properties of multilayered Co-alloy magnetic recording media (1990)

The results of the medium-noise characterization of multilayered magnetic recording films having thin nonmagnetic isolation layers are presented. A substantial reduction of all types of medium noise was found for several Co alloys when multilayered. This reduction in noise power is approximately proportional to 1/(number of magnetic layers) but also depends on film thickness and other factors. The primary cause of the reduction is evidently the breaking of exchange between magnetic layers. It is also found that the intrinsic noise power per unit varies with film thickness, more in some alloys than in others, altering the noise reduction for multilayers. Evidence also suggests that magnetostatic interactions between layers further reduce the noise power. A phenomenological model explaining the observed effects is presented. The evidence suggests that a similar effect would be observed in any metal-film recording medium.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Transition Metal-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylation and Benzylation Reactions (2011)

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in&#13;\nChemical Reviews, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher.&#13;\nTo access the final edited and published work see http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/cr1002744
High-speed optical frequency-domain imaging (2003)

We demonstrate high-speed, high-sensitivity, high-resolution optical imaging based on optical frequency-domain interferometry using a rapidly-tuned wavelength-swept laser. We derive and show experimentally that frequency-domain ranging provides a superior signal-to-noise ratio compared with conventional time-domain ranging as used in optical coherence tomography. A high sensitivity of -110 dB was obtained with a 6 mW source at an axial resolution of 13.5 microm and an A-line rate of 15.7 kHz, representing more than an order-of-magnitude improvement compared with previous OCT and interferometric imaging methods.
Plasma Levels of Antidiuretic Hormone in Patients Receiving Prolonged Lithium Therapy (1977)

Among 18 patients receiving prophylactic, long-term lithium treatment for manic-depressive psychosis, a high incidence of increased thirst and frequency of micturition (60-70 per cent) was noted on direct questioning. Symptoms arose at varying times after the start of lithium therapy; in no patient did symptoms antedate the use of the drug. Plasma levels of antidiuretic hormone were found, on average, to be higher than in normal control subjects for a given level of plasma osmolality, although the scatter of results was wide. It is suggested that elevation of antidiuretic hormone occurs as a compensatory mechansims for the polyuria which is a common feature of long-term lithium treatment. The more florid form of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus occasionally seen in lithium takers seems likely to be due to a different mechanism from the more common mild polyuria.
Signal transduction pathway controlling synthesis of a class of degradative enzymes in Bacillus subtilis: expression of the regulatory genes and analysis of mutations in degS and degU (1990)

The rates of synthesis of a class of both secreted and intracellular degradative enzymes in Bacillus subtilis are controlled by a signal transduction pathway defined by at least four regulatory genes: degS, degU, degQ (formerly sacQ), and degR (formerly prtR). The DegS-DegU proteins show amino acid similarities with two-component procaryotic modulator-effector pairs such as NtrB-NtrC, CheA-CheY, and EnvZ-OmpR. By analogy with these systems, it is possible that DegS is a protein kinase which could catalyze the transfer of a phosphoryl moiety to DegU, which acts as a positive regulator. DegR and DegQ correspond to polypeptides of 60 and 46 amino acids, respectively, which also activate the synthesis of degradative enzymes. We show that the degS and degU genes are organized in an operon. The putative sigma A promoter of the operon was mapped upstream from degS. Mutations in degS and degU were characterized at the molecular level, and their effects on transformability and cell motility were studied. The expression of degQ was shown to be subject both to catabolite repression and DegS-DegU-mediated control, allowing an increase in the rate of synthesis of degQ under conditions of nitrogen starvation. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that this control system responds to an environmental signal such as limitations of nitrogen, carbon, or phosphate sources.
Human endogenous retrovirus expression and reverse transcriptase activity in the T47D mammary carcinoma cell line (1996)

We have examined the human mammary tumor cell line T47D and have found that these cells produce virus-like particles which band at the typical density for retroviral particles on a sucrose gradient, possess reverse transcriptase activity, and package HERV-K10-like sequences. Using this information and a bacterial expression system to identify long open reading frames, we have identified individual clones which have full-length open reading frames for reverse transcriptase and RNase H and which could encode the reverse transcriptase activity detected in these cells.
IgEs targeted on tumor cells: therapeutic activity and potential in the design of tumor vaccines. (2001)

Surface-bound IgE play a central role in antiparasite immunity; to exploit IgE-driven immune mechanisms in tumor prevention and control, monoclonal IgEs of irrelevant specificity were loaded through biotin-avidin bridging onto tumor cells, either by systemic administration to tumor-bearing mice or pre-loading of tumor cells before inoculation. Here we show that systemic administration of biotinylated IgEs to mice bearing tumors pre-targeted with biotinylated antibodies and avidin significantly decreased tumor growth rate. In addition, as compared with IgG-loaded control cells, inoculation of suboptimal doses of IgE-loaded tumor cells suppressed tumor formation in a fraction of animals and induced protective host immunity by eliciting tumor-specific T-cell responses. Similarly, tumor vaccination experiments showed that irradiated tumor cells (IgE loaded by biotin-avidin bridging) conferred protective immunity at doses 100-fold lower than the corresponding control cells without IgE. Finally, in vivo depletion of eosinophils or T cells abrogated IgE-driven tumor growth inhibition. These results demonstrate that IgEs targeted on tumor cells not only possess a curative potential but also confer long-term antitumor immunity and that IgE-driven antitumor activity is not restricted to the activation of innate immunity effector mechanisms but also results from eosinophil-dependent priming of a T-cell-mediated adaptive immune response. This suggests a potential role for IgEs in the design of new cell-based tumor vaccines.
Molecular Characterization of the Major Maize Embryo Globulin Encoded by the Glb1 Gene (1989)

One of the most abundant proteins in maize (Zea mays L.) embryos is the molecular weight 63,000 globulin encoded by the Glb1 gene. To obtain DNA clones corresponding to Glb1, a cDNA library corresponding to RNA from developing maize embryos was constructed in a lambda expression vector and screened with antibodies specific for Glb1-encoded proteins. Here we report the complete nucleotide sequence, as determined from two overlapping clones, of pcGlb 1S, a 2009 base pair clone containing the entire translated region of Glb1. The deduced amino acid sequence of pcGlb 1S shows similarities to 7S-type seed storage proteins of wheat and legumes. Southern blot analysis of maize DNA confirms previous genetic studies which had indicated the presence of a single copy of Glb1 per haploid genome. Northern blot analysis indicates that Glb1 transcripts are present throughout most of embryo development and that expression of this gene is limited to seed tissues. Embryos homozygous for a Glb1 null allele, in which Glb1-encoded proteins are not detectable, contain low levels of Glb1 transcripts which are a different size from those encoded by functional alleles. This suggests that the defect in the null allele is at the level of gene transcription or RNA processing.
Evidence of a Cyclooxygenase-related Prostaglandin Synthesis in Coral (1999)

Certain corals are rich natural sources of prostaglandins, the metabolic origin of which has remained undefined. By analogy with the lipoxygenase/allene oxide synthase pathway to jasmonic acid in plants, the presence of (8R)-lipoxygenase and allene oxide synthase in the coral Plexaura homomalla suggested a potential metabolic route to prostaglandins (Brash, A. R., Baertshi, S. W., Ingram, C.D., and Harris, T. M. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 15829-15839). Other evidence, from the Arctic coral Gersemia fruticosa, has indicated a cyclooxygenase intermediate in the biosynthesis (Varvas, K., Koljak, R., Järving, I., Pehk, T., and Samel, N. (1994) Tetrahedron Lett. 35, 8267-8270). In the present study, active preparations of G. fruticosa have been used to identify both types of arachidonic acid metabolism and specific inhibitors were used to establish the enzyme type involved in the prostaglandin biosynthesis. The synthesis of prostaglandins and (11R)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid was inhibited by mammalian cyclooxygenase inhibitors (indomethacin, aspirin, and tolfenamic acid), while the formation of the products of the 8-lipoxygenase/allene oxide pathway was not affected or was increased. The specific cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, nimesulide, did not inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins in coral. We conclude that coral uses two parallel routes for the initial oxidation of polyenoic acids: the cyclooxygenase route, which leads to optically active prostaglandins, and the lipoxygenase/allene oxide synthase metabolism, the role of which remains to be established. An enzyme related to mammalian cyclooxygenases is the key to prostaglandin synthesis in coral. Based on our inhibitor data, the catalytic site of this evolutionary early cyclooxygenase appears to differ significantly from both known mammalian cyclooxygenases.
Effect of monophosphoryl lipid A on antibody response to diphtheria toxin and its subunits (2005)

Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) was evaluated for its ability to enhance the antibody response to diphtheria toxin and its fragment A and fragment B subunits. BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously with 1 Lf of diphtheria toxoid in the presence of 25 microg of MPL on days 0 and 14. Two weeks after the second immunization, sera were obtained from the mice and analysed for antibody response to diphtheria toxin and its subunits. A new ELISA method, developed in our laboratory, was used to measure antibody levels against the toxin, fragment A, and fragment B. It was observed that MPL significantly enhanced antibody responses to diphtheria toxin and its subunits. However, there was no statistical difference between anti-A and anti-B responses. The results indicated that MPL seems to be a potential candidate as an adjuvant for future diphtheria vaccine formulation.
Resolution of underivatized amino acids by reversed-phase chromatography (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTResolution of underivatized amino acids by reversed-phase chromatographyE. Gil-Av, A. Tishbee, and P. E. HareCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 15, 5115–5117Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00535a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00535a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views554Altmetric-Citations168LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Epidermal growth factor receptor immunohistochemistry in different histological types of infiltrating breast carcinoma. (1993)

The very low incidence of EGF-R positive cases in the "special type" group of breast carcinomas with a good prognosis is in line with the absence of the homologous c-erbB-2 and p53 oncoproteins, and the rarity of highly proliferating and oestrogen/progesterone negative cases. EGF-R expression in infiltrating lobular carcinoma was in keeping with the intermediate behaviour of this kind of tumour. EGF-R expression in cases of pure medullary carcinoma is the same as that of high grade tumours.
Toward a Mechanistic Understanding of Exciton-Mediated Hydrosilylation on Nanocrystalline Silicon (2011)

White-light initiated hydrosilylation of nanocrystalline porous silicon was found to be far more efficient (in terms of both kinetics and yield) in the presence of electron-accepting molecules with suitably high reduction potentials, particularly halocarbons. It is known that absorption of visible light by nanocrystalline silicon results in the formation of excitons (electron/hole pairs) and that this exciton can be harnessed to drive a hydrosilylation reaction with an alkene; the Si-C bond forms as a result of attack of the π-electrons of the alkene on the positively charged holes. In order to better understand the white-light initiated mechanism through which this reaction takes place, and to compare with UV-mediated photoemission on Si(111)-H, a series of electron acceptors were screened for their effect on surface alkene hydrosilylation. A very strong correlation between reduction potentials (E(red)) of the oxidant and reaction efficiency was observed, with a minimum "turn-on" E(red) required for an increase to take place. The oxidant appears to accept, or remove, the electron from the nanocrystallite-bound exciton, favoring attack by the alkene on the positively charged Si nanocrystallite, leading to Si-C bond formation. Radical reactions were discounted for a number of reasons, including lack of effect of radical traps, no apparent Si-Cl bond formation, lack of oxidation of the surfaces, and others. Unlike with other oxidants such as nitro-aromatics, halocarbons do not cause additional surface reactions and promote very clean, fast, and selective hydrosilylation chemistry.
Bioluminescence of Renilla reniformis. XV. Renilla luciferin as the substrate for calcium induced photoprotein bioluminescence. Assignment of luciferin tautomers in aequorin and mnemiopsin (1975)

A study was made of the effects of pH and protic and aprotic solvents on the spectral properties of Renilla (sea pansy) luciferin and a number of its analogs. The results have made possible the assignment of two tautomeric forms of Renilla luciferin, one which absorbs maximally at 435 nm and another which exhibits an absorption maximum at 454 nm. Furthermore the results provide an explanation for the visible absorption characteristics of the photoproteins aequorin (lambda-max 454 nm) and mnemiopsin (lambda-max 435 nm). In addition a Renilla-like luciferin can be extracted from both of these photoproteins. This luciferin produces light with Renilla luciferase, at a rate dependent upon the concentration of dissolved oxygen, and in other respects is indistinguishable from Renilla luciferin in this bioluminescent reaction. The results suggest that the native chromophore in both photoproteins is Renilla luciferin (or a nearly identical derivative). The results also suggest that a hydroperoxide intermediate probably exists in photoproteins, on energetic grounds, and to account for the oxygen concentration independency of the rate of photoprotein reactions. This hydroperoxide may be attached initially to an amino-acid side chain (possibly indolyl-OOH, imidazoyl-OOH, or -SOOH) rather than to the luciferin chromophore.
The Relationship Between Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression and Colorectal Cancer (1999)

Our data indicate that COX-2 expression in colorectal cancer may be related to survival. These data add to the growing epidemiological and experimental evidence that COX-2 may play a role in colorectal tumorigenesis.
Specific Sequence Homology and Three-Dimensional Structure of an Aminoacyl Transfer RNA Synthetase (1984)

Few and limited amino acid sequence homologies have been found among eight bacterial aminoacyl transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetases whose primary structures are known. The entire 939-amino acid primary structure of Escherichia coli isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase is now reported. In a sequence of 11 consecutive amino acids matching a sequence in E. coli methionyl-tRNA synthetase, there are ten identical residues and one conservative change. This is the strongest homology recorded between any two aminoacyl tRNA synthetases. This part of the methionine enzyme's three-dimensional structure has been determined, and it occurs in a mononucleotide binding fold; a close three-dimensional structural homology of this part of the enzyme with Bacillus stearothermophilus tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase has also been reported. The three synthetases probably fold identically in this region.
Selective High-Affinity Ligand Antibody Mimics for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy: Initial Application to Lymphoma/Leukemia (2007)

These results show that synthetic molecules less than 1/50th the mass of an antibody can be designed to exhibit strong binding to subtle structural features on cell surface proteins similar to those recognized by antibodies. This approach offers great potential for developing small molecule therapeutics that target other types of cancer and disease.
Tumour-specific expression of CYP2W1: its potential as a drug target in cancer therapy (2006)

Recently, a new cytochrome P450, designated CYP2W1, was identified. This enzyme is expressed in transformed tissues and during fetal life, whereas in human adult tissues only low levels of expression have been detected. CYP2W1 has been shown to metabolise arachidonic acid and benzfetamine, as well as being able to metabolically activate several procarcinogens, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon dihydrodiols, aflatoxin B1 and sterigmatocystin. The gene expression is governed by gene methylation. The selective expression in some forms of cancers and the low expression in normal tissues render CYP2W1 as a possible drug target during cancer therapy. Here, the authors review the data currently available for this enzyme and discuss its potential as a drug target.
The complementary role of glucocorticosteroids and long‐acting β‐adrenergic agonists (1998)

In summary, beta 2-adrenergic agonists and corticosteroids can interact to produce beneficial effects on airway function. The regular use of short-acting, beta 2-adrenergic agonists as relief therapy is safe and effective; however, some degree of caution may be required with the use of very high doses. Long-acting beta 2-adrenergic agonists provide further benefits in terms of asthma control in patients already established on inhaled corticosteroid therapy. The mechanism by which this interaction occurs remains to be elucidated, but may involve a protective effect of corticosteroids on dysfunctional beta-adrenergic receptor expression and function. In asthma, there may be a degree of uncoupling of the airway receptors, probably caused by cytokines such as IL-1 beta. However, this has not been established yet. Furthermore, beta-adrenergic receptor-mediated effects may be more quickly downregulated with beta-receptor stimulation, leading to a reduction in anti-inflammatory effects. The regular use of corticosteroids leads to an inhibition of cytokine production and prevents beta-adrenergic receptor downregulation, allowing beta 2-adrenergic agonists to be more effective. Further research, which may lead to a greater understanding of these mechanisms, may also lead to the development of more effective treatment regimens.