gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
k·pmodel for the energy dispersions and absorption spectra of InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices (2012)

We have fitted the $\mathbf{k}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathbf{p}$ model derived recently by one of the authors [Klipstein, Phys. Rev. B 81, 235314 (2010)] to experimentally measured photoabsorption spectra at 77 and 300 K for representative InAs/GaSb superlattices with band-gap wavelengths between 4.3 and 10.5 $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$. The model is able to reproduce the main features of the absorption spectra, including a strong peak from the zone boundary ${\mathrm{HH}}_{2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{E}_{1}$ transition. We have also used the same model to predict the band-gap wavelengths of over 30 more superlattices, measured by photoluminescence spectroscopy. The maximum error is 0.6 $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$, which corresponds to an uncertainty of less than 0.4 ML in layer width. This is comparable with the experimental uncertainty in layer widths, determined by in situ beam-flux measurements in the growth reactor. By eliminating all terms from the Hamiltonian, the energy contribution of which is less than the error due to the uncertainty in layer widths, the number of unknown fitting parameters has been reduced to six: two Luttinger parameters, three interface parameters, and the valence band offset. The remaining four Luttinger parameters are not independent and are determined from the two independent ones. Our set of Luttinger parameters is close to that reported by Lawaetz [Phys. Rev. B 4, 3460 (1971)], with a maximum deviation in any parameter of 0.6. The interface parameters are diagonal and have values of ${D}_{S}=3\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\AA{}$, ${D}_{X}=1.3\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\AA{}$, and ${D}_{Z}=1.1\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\AA{}$ at 77 K. The off-diagonal interface parameters $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ and $\ensuremath{\beta}$ are too small to be fitted with any accuracy and have negligible effect on the unpolarized photoabsorption spectra. We also propose values for the room-temperature Luttinger and interface parameters. The fitted unstrained InAs/GaSb band overlap is 0.142 eV.
Targeting the AMPK pathway for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes (2009)

Type 2 diabetes is one of the fastest growing public health problems worldwide, resulting from both genetic factors and inadequate adaptation to environmental changes. It is characterized by abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism due in part to resistance to the actions of insulin in skeletal muscle, liver and fat. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a phylogenetically conserved serine/threonine protein kinase, acts as an integrator of regulatory signals monitoring systemic and cellular energy status. The growing realization that AMPK regulates the coordination of anabolic and catabolic metabolic processes represents an attractive concept for type 2 diabetes therapy. Recent findings showing that pharmacological activation of AMPK improves blood glucose homeostasis, lipid profile and blood pressure in insulin-resistant rodents suggest that this kinase could be a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Consistent with these results, physical exercise and major classes of antidiabetic drugs have recently been reported to activate AMPK. In the present review, we update these topics and discuss the concept of targeting the AMPK pathway for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
A Nitric Oxide-dependent Cross-talk between Class I and III Histone Deacetylases Accelerates Skin Repair (2013)

In a mouse model of skin repair we found that the class I-IIa histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A accelerated tissue regeneration. Unexpectedly, this effect was suppressed by Sirtinol, a class III histone deacetylase (HDAC) (sirtuin)-selective inhibitor. The role of sirtuins (SIRTs) was then investigated by using resveratrol and a novel SIRT1-2-3 activator, the MC2562 compound we synthesized recently. Both resveratrol and MC2562 were effective in accelerating wound repair. The local administration of natural or synthetic SIRT activators, in fact, significantly accelerated skin regeneration by increasing keratinocyte proliferation. In vitro experiments revealed that the activation of SIRTs stimulated keratinocyte proliferation via endothelial NO synthase phosphorylation and NO production. In this condition, the class I member HDAC2 was found S-nitrosylated on cysteine, a post-transduction modification associated with loss of activity and DNA binding capacity. After deacetylase inhibitor or SIRT activator treatment, ChIP showed, in fact, a significant HDAC2 detachment from the promoter region of insulin growth factor I (IGF-I), fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF-10), and Epithelial Growth Factor (EGF), which may be the final recipients and effectors of the SIRT-NO-HDAC signaling cascade. Consistently, the effect of SIRT activators was reduced in the presence of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a general inhibitor of NO synthesis. In conclusion, the NO-dependent cross-talk among class III and I histone deacetylases suggests an unprecedented signaling pathway important for skin repair.
Graph data management systems for new application domains (2011)

Graph data management has long been a topic of interest for database researchers. The topic gained renewed interest recently, motivated by the rapid emergence of new application domains including social networks and the Web of data. This tutorial characterizes graph data management techniques and categorizes recent graph data management systems. In this context, we focus on the management of very large graphs such as social networks or the Web of data, rather than on the management of many smaller graphs (which frequently appear in bioinformatics and cheminformatics). The first part of this tutorial describes the requirements imposed by new application domains, and provides a classification of recent systems according to their data and computation models. Our classification also highlights the main representations used to store the graph (dense/sparse native graphs, triple storage or relational layouts), and the access patterns and typical queries considered (reachability or neighborhood queries, updates versus reads, transactional requirements and graph consistency models). In the second part of this tutorial, we map the data and computation models to concrete graph management systems, highlighting target application domains, implementation techniques, scalability and workload requirements. We pay special attentions to declarative models that allow query optimization (as performed in Horton [1] and Neo4j [2]), and contrast them to procedural models (such as Pregel [3]), which are more general but severely limit optimizations.
Studying judgement: General issues (2001)

The previous papers raise a number of issues. How should we develop task typologies both to separate judgement from related cognitive tasks and to classify tasks within the judgement domain? Are there grounds for selecting between models of judgement when empirical tests fail to do so? What techniques can be used to find out more about the cognitive processes underlying judgement behaviour? I discuss these issues and give a brief assessment of the current state of play in this rapidly changing area.
Bloom-based filters for hierarchical data (2003)

Abstract. In this paper, we present two novel hash-based indexing structures, based on Bloom filters, called breadth and depth Bloom filters, which in contrast to traditional hash based indexes, are able to represent hierarchical data and support path expression queries. We describe how these structures can be used for resource discovery in peer-to-peer networks. We have implemented both structures and our experiments show that they both outperform the traditional Bloom filters in discovering the appropriate resources. 1
Ga-67 citrate imaging in malignant lymphoma: final report of cooperative group. (1978)

In a large cooperative study of Ga-67 uptake in non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma, 76% of untreated patients showed positive uptake in one or more lesions. The percentage of known individual lesions seen on scan was significantly lower; thus, negative findings at any one site may have much less significance than positive findings. After treatment, the number of lesions seen decreases sharply, but the role of Ga-67 in evaluating response to therapy is uncertain, especially in view of the fairly large number of lesions undetectable before therapy. Histologic type plays a role in Ga-67 uptake. Large lesions are much more effectively detected than small ones. In spite of numerous false-negative results, Ga-67 scanning is a useful method in evaluating the extent of untreated disease and the presence of lesions posttherapy.
‘I haue paid the Duty to the Sonne, which I haue vowed to the Father’: Serving the Father in John Ford’s ’Tis Pity She’s A Whore (2017)

Catholicism, 4 to the Sacrament of Penance, and of Ford's dramaturgy have been the focus 1 There is no debate on the year of publication of the play, but there is little agreement among critics as to when it was written.The period of 1629-33 is
From the Mouths of Babes: Dealing with the Child Witness (1997)

This article addresses the challenges of child witnesses and the use of expert testimony in child abuse cases. The author offers tips for litigators on what not to do when working with children as witnesses.
Ligand-induced conformational change in the T-cell receptor associated with productive immune synapses (2005)

Triggering of the T-cell receptor (TCR) can produce very different responses, depending on the nature of the major histocompatibility complex/antigen peptide (MHCp) ligand. The molecular mechanisms that permit such fine discrimination are still unknown. We show here that an epitope in the cytoplasmic tail of the TCR CD3epsilon subunit, recognized by antibody APA1/1, is only detected when the TCR is fully activated. Exposure of the APA1/1 epitope is shown to be fast and independent of tyrosine kinase activity and that it takes place even when T cells are stimulated at 0 degrees C. These results suggest that APA1/1 detects a conformational change in the TCR. APA1/1 staining concentrates in a restricted area of the immunologic synapse. Most important, we show that full agonist, but not partial agonist, peptides induce exposure of the APA1/1 epitope, indicating a correlation between the induction of the conformational change in the TCR and full T-cell activation. Finally, the conformational change is shown to occur in T cells that are being stimulated by antigen in vivo. Therefore, these results demonstrate that the TCR undergoes a conformational change on MHCp binding in vitro and in vivo, and they establish a molecular correlate for productive TCR engagement.
Biomarker Correlates of Survival in Pediatric Patients with Ebola Virus Disease (2014)

Outbreaks of Ebola virus disease (EVD) occur sporadically in Africa and are associated with high case-fatality rates. Historically, children have been less affected than adults. The 2000-2001 Sudan virus-associated EVD outbreak in the Gulu district of Uganda resulted in 55 pediatric and 161 adult laboratory-confirmed cases. We used a series of multiplex assays to measure the concentrations of 55 serum analytes in specimens from patients from that outbreak to identify biomarkers specific to pediatric disease. Pediatric patients who survived had higher levels of the chemokine regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted marker and lower levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, soluble intracellular adhesion molecule, and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule than did pediatric patients who died. Adult patients had similar levels of these analytes regardless of outcome. Our findings suggest that children with EVD may benefit from different treatment regimens than those for adults.
Synthesis of 1-(4-Trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-3-(2-R-thiazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrroles via Chain Heterocyclization (2010)

The title compounds, (4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-3-(2-R-thiazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrroles, were prepared in four steps starting from commercially available 4-trifluoromethoxyaniline. The pyrrole (second ring) was added in one step using the Paal-Knorr method. The thiazole (third ring) was added in three steps using chloroacylation with chloroacetonitrile followed by heterocyclization with thioamides/thioureas.
Photoreactivity of 5-iodouracil-containing telomeric DNA (2003)

The photoreaction of 5-iodouracil-((I)U)-containing telomeric oligonucleotides in parallel or antiparallel structures, generated in the presence of K+ or Na+ ions, was investigated. It was found that the photoreactivity of telomeric DNA depends on the differences in the quadruplex conformations in the presence of K+ or Na+ ions.
DNA intercalating compounds as potential antitumor agents. 2. Preparation and properties of 7H-pyridocarbazole dimers (1980)

In order to obtain antitumor agents, various 7H-pyridocarbazole dimers were prepared by quaternization of the pyridinic nitrogens of the different isomeric 7H-pyridocarbazole rings with halogenoamino alicyclic or aliphatic chains. The dimers interact with DNA more markedly than with the corresponding monomers, and the bisintercalation depends upon the nature, the flexibility, and the ionization state of the linking chains. They most often bisintercalate at pH 5 where the chain is protonated and monointercalate at pH 7.4. The apparent binding constants (kap) range from 10(8) to 10(9) M-1 at pH 5 and from 5 X 10(5) to 2 X 10(7) M-1 at pH 7.4. The bisintercalating dimers covered four DNA base pairs, whereas most of the monointercalating dimers covered two bases pairs. The antitumor activity against L1210 murine leukemia is strongly dependent on the position of attachment, the nature of the linking chain, and its rigidity. Three highly active dimers were obtained in the series of 7H-pyrido[4,3-c]carbazole dimers with rigid bis(ethylpiperidinyl) chains. On the other hand, two ellipticine dimers were prepared which were found completely inactive on L1210. These results show that in the series of 7H-pyridocarbazoles the process of dimerization leads to very active antitumor compounds.
Comparison of Colchicine, Dapsone, Triamcinolone, and Diphenhydramine Therapy for the Treatment of Brown Recluse Spider Envenomation (2005)

In a rabbit model, none of the agents tested (dapsone, diphenhydramine, colchicine, and intralesional triamcinolone) had an effect on eschar size. Triamcinolone appeared to offer some protection against histologic evidence of thrombosis, but this protection did not translate into a difference in clinical outcome. All animals developed evidence of coagulopathy, regardless of treatment. The coagulopathy could be corrected by fresh rabbit plasma, suggesting an acquired factor deficiency.
Glomerular ultrafiltration dynamics during increased renal venous pressure (1983)

The effects of unilateral partial renal venous ligation on whole kidney and single nephron function were determined in anesthetized euvolemic Munich-Wistar rats using clearance, blood flow, and micropuncture techniques. Increased venous pressure (4-22 mmHg) reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) to 60% of control values; filtration fraction (FF) was constant. Similar responses occurred in the superficial cortex, as evidenced by a 40% fall in SNGFR determined while intratubular pressure was maintained at the elevated precollection level. Fractional reabsorption by the proximal convoluted tubule remained constant, indicating maintenance of glomerulotubular balance. The contralateral kidney exhibit a diuresis and natriuresis while GFR and RPF were stable. In the experimental kidney single nephron glomerular plasma flow decreased by 35% due to increments in preglomerular and efferent arteriolar resistance. The transcapillary hydrostatic pressure gradient was unchanged since there were similar 7- to 8-mmHg increases in glomerular capillary and Bowman's space pressures. Filtration pressure disequilibrium was observed in control and experimental periods. Mean effective ultrafiltration pressure was similar in both periods. Specific values for the ultrafiltration coefficient (Kf) fell from 0.023 to 0.015 nl . s-1. mmHg-1. Accordingly, partial renal venous ligation produces ipsilateral vasoconstriction and a fall in GFR that is primarily due to a proportional decline in Kf.
Interferon is a mediator of hematopoietic suppression in aplastic anemia in vitro and possibly in vivo. (1985)

We have investigated interferon as a mediator of hematopoietic suppression in bone marrow failure. Interferon production by stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with aplastic anemia was significantly higher than that observed in controls; spontaneous interferon production by these cells was also high for more than half of aplastic anemia patients. Circulating interferon, not detectable in normal individuals, was detected in 10 of 24 patients. Interferon is a potent inhibitor of hematopoietic cell proliferation and, therefore, may be the mediator of suppression in many in vitro models employing patients' cells and sera. The possible pathogenic importance of interferon in aplastic anemia was suggested by an increase in hematopoietic colony formation in vitro after exposure of bone marrow cells to antiinterferon antisera (277 +/- 71% increase for patients compared to 1.6 +/- 1.6% for normal individuals). Interferon levels in the bone marrow sera of aplastic anemia patients were high (mean = 203 international units (IU)/ml, n = 8), even in comparison to circulating levels in the same patients. Normal bone marrow sera also contained measurable interferon but at lower levels (41 IU/ml, n = 16), indicating that interferon may be a normal bone marrow product. High concentration of bone marrow interferon, possibly due to abnormal immunologic activity or a reaction to virus infection of the bone marrow, may mediate hematopoietic suppression in aplastic anemia patients.
Unusual carbon monoxide bonding geometry in abnormal subunits of hemoglobin M Boston and hemoglobin M Saskatoon (1991)

To clarify the role of the proximal histidine (F8-His), distal His (E7-His), and E11 valine (E11-Val) in ligand binding of hemoglobin (Hb), we have investigated the resonance Raman (RR) spectra of the carbon monoxide adduct of Hbs M (COHb M) in which one of these residues was genetically replaced by another amino acid in either the alpha or beta subunit. In the fully reduced state, all Hbs M gave v3 at approximately 1472 cm-1 and vFe-His at 214-218 cm-1, indicating that they have a pentacoordinate heme and the heme iron is bound to either E7-His or F8-His. The porphyrin skeletal vibrations of the COHb M were essentially unaltered by replacements of E7- or F8-His with tyrosine (Tyr) and of E11-Val by glutamic acid (Glu). The vCO, vFe-CO, and delta Fe-C-O frequencies of COHb M Iwate (alpha F8-His----Tyr), COHb M Hyde Park (beta F8-His----Tyr), and COHb M Milwaukee (beta E11-Val----Glu) were nearly identical with those of COHb A. In contrast, the RR spectra of COHb M Boston (alpha E7-His----Tyr) and COHb M Saskatoon (beta E7-His----Tyr) gave two new Raman bands derived from the abnormal subunits, vFe-CO at 490 cm-1 and vCO at 1972 cm-1, in addition to those from the normal subunits at 505 cm-1 (vFe-CO) and 1952 cm-1 (vCO). The CO adduct of the abnormal subunits exhibited apparently no photodissociation upon illumination of CW laser with a stationary cell under which the normal subunit exhibited complete photodissociation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Aminomethyl psoralens. Electrophilic substitution of hydroxymethylphthalimide on linear furocoumarins (1985)

Abstract A new synthetic route to aminomethylpsoralens, substituted on the furan‐ring, has been developed by electrophilic substitution of N ‐hydroxymethylphthalimide and subsequent hydrazinolysis. Hydroxy and methoxy activating functions on the psoralens lead to multi‐site substitution and the products of these phthalimido‐methylations resist simple cleavage with hydrazine. The two‐step introduction of a single CH 2 NH 2 group is successful in psoralens containing only methyl substituents.
Compensating Differentials (2008)

Compensating differentials represent a wage premium for unpleasant aspects of a job. Jobs differ along several dimensions. Some jobs offer generous health insurance benefits. Others entail long hours or may expose workers to physical risks. Some are available only in polluted cities. In equilibrium, labour markets accommodate diversity by establishing wages that tend to make different jobs relatively close substitutes at the margin. Using hedonic wage regression techniques, researchers have estimated the equilibrium implicit market price that workers pay, through lower wages, for working in a more pleasant setting. This technique is widely used by labour and environmental economists.
Finding Minimum Entropy Codes (1989)

To determine whether a particular sensory event is a reliable predictor of reward or punishment it is necessary to know the prior probability of that event. If the variables of a sensory representation normally occur independently of each other, then it is possible to derive the prior probability of any logical function of the variables from the prior probabilities of the individual variables, without any additional knowledge; hence such a representation enormously enlarges the scope of definable events that can be searched for reliable predictors. Finding a Minimum Entropy Code is a possible method of forming such a representation, and methods for doing this are explored in this paper. The main results are (1) to show how to find such a code when the probabilities of the input states form a geometric progression, as is shown to be nearly true for keyboard characters in normal text; (2) to show how a Minimum Entropy Code can be approximated by repeatedly recoding pairs, triples, etc. of an original 7-bit code for keyboard characters; (3) to prove that in some cases enlarging the capacity of the output channel can lower the entropy.