gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)-related protein(1-36) is equipotent to PTH(1-34) in humans. (1996)

Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) results from the production of PTH-related protein (PTHrP) by human tumors. One previous study has reported the results of human (h) PTHrP(1-34) infusion into humans. In that report, hPTHrP(1-34) was found to be qualitatively similar to but 3- to 10-fold less potent than hPTH(1-34). Because hPTHrP(1-36) and not hPTH(1-34) is likely to be the actual amino-terminal secretory form of PTHrP, and because this previously reported lack of potency was unexpected, we repeated these studies using hPTHrP(1-36) and compared the results with those obtained with hPTH(1-34). Healthy subjects (n = 30) were infused over 6 h with either vehicle alone, hPTH(1-34) at a dose of 8 pmol/kg.h, or hPTHrP(1-36) at doses of 8 or 80 pmol/kg.h. Both hPTH(1-34) and hPTHrP(1-36) caused an increase in serum ionized calcium, a decrease in serum phosphorus, an increase in the fractional excretion of phosphorus, a decrease in the tubular maximum for phosphorus, an increase in nephrogenous cAMP excretion, and suppression of endogenous PTH(1-84). Unlike events observed in HHM, hPTHrP(1-36) induced an increase in plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2. In addition, fractional excretion of calcium was reduced by both hPTH(1-34) and hPTHrP(1-36). In their actions on serum calcium, renal calcium and phosphorus handling, and nephrogenous cAMP excretion, hPTHrP(1-36) and hPTH(1-34) appeared equivalent in potency. These studies indicate that short-term infusion of hPTHrP(1-36) into humans reproduces most but not all of the features of HHM. In contrast to the reported findings with hPTHrP(1-34), we found the potency of hPTHrP(1-36) to be comparable with that of hPTH(1-34) in vivo in humans. In addition, unlike the situation in HHM, hPTHrP(1-36) produces an increment in plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2. Finally, hPTHrP(1-36) has been shown for the first time to have anticalciuric effects in humans. This would suggest that, in addition to osteoclastic bone resorption, tubular reabsorbtion of calcium by hPTHrP may contribute to the hypercalcemia in patients with HHM.
Molecular cloning and sequencing of the rat interleukin-12 p40 gene. (1998)

The nucleotide sequences containing the rat interleukin-12 p40 gene was determined. Sequencing revealed the presence of six exons and five introns. Analysis of the 5' non-coding region showed the presence of several possible sites involved in cytokine gene regulation at the transcriptional level. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of rat IL-12 p40 with that of the mouse and of human p40, showed 92% and 65% identity respectively.
Analysis of gene expression in single live neurons. (1992)

We present here a method for broadly characterizing single cells at the molecular level beyond the more common morphological and transmitter/receptor classifications. The RNA from defined single cells is amplified by microinjecting primer, nucleotides, and enzyme into acutely dissociated cells from a defined region of rat brain. Further processing yields amplified antisense RNA. A second round of amplification results in greater than 10(6)-fold amplification of the original starting material, which is adequate for analysis--e.g., use as a probe, making of cDNA libraries, etc. We demonstrate this method by constructing expression profiles of single live cells from rat hippocampus. This profiling suggests that cells that appear to be morphologically similar may show marked differences in patterns of expression. In addition, we characterize several mRNAs from a single cell, some of which were previously undescribed, perhaps due to "rarity" when averaged over many cell types. Electrophysiological analysis coupled with molecular biology within the same cell will facilitate a better understanding of how changes at the molecular level are manifested in functional properties. This approach should be applicable to a wide variety of studies, including development, mutant models, aging, and neurodegenerative disease.
Differential expression of osteonectin/SPARC during human prostate cancer progression. (2000)

The precise mechanism(s) involved in invasion and metastasis of prostate cancer (CaP) is poorly understood. Osteonectin [ON (also known as SPARC or BM-40)] is an antiadhesive protein known to be involved in cell-matrix interactions, migration, and angiogenesis. In this report, we studied the expression of ON in human prostate cell lines, primary tumors, and metastatic foci of CaP. Reverse transcription-PCR and nonradioactive in situ hybridization (ISH) techniques were used to determine ON gene expression. Immunohistochemistry was carried out using the polyclonal antibody LF37 and/or the monoclonal antibody ON-mAb. Low to moderate levels of ON mRNA and protein were observed in glandular epithelial cells of normal tissue as well as a few primary CaPs. However, high levels of ON mRNA and protein were observed in most of the CaP metastatic foci, both osseous and nonosseous. This correlated well with our findings that multiple different CaP cell lines including four CaP cell lines derived from metastases show high levels of ON gene expression. Furthermore, ISH analyses and cell-specific reverse transcription-PCR evaluation showed that both the luminal and basal cells express the ON gene. We conclude that the differential pattern of ON expression suggests that it may play an important role in the progression of CaP.
Vaccination of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma using intranodal injection of autologous tumor-lysate–pulsed dendritic cells (2003)

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a lymphoproliferative skin disease with limited therapeutic options. Ten CTCL patients were treated with once-weekly intranodal injection of 1 x 106 mature monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with 100 microg/mL tumor lysate protein equivalent and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (50 microg/mL). Tumor-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions developed in 8 of 8 patients challenged with tumor-lysate-pulsed DCs and in 3 of 8 patients challenged with tumor lysate alone. Three of 5 patients showed significant tumor-lysate-specific increases of in vitro peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation coinciding with increased interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) production. Five of 10 (50%) patients had objective responses. Four patients had partial responses (PRs). Two are still in PR, and the other 2 patients had a mean PR duration of 10.5 months. One patient had a complete response (CR) for 19 months that is ongoing. The remaining 5 patients had progressive disease. In the 5 responder patients, 6.8 +/- 1.4 vaccinations were necessary to induce an objective clinical response. Response was associated with low tumor burden. Continuation of vaccinations with new tumor lysate derived from progressive lesions reinduced treatment responses in 2 patients in PR. Selected patients had massive infiltration of CD8+ and TIA+ cytotoxic T cells at the site of regressing lesions and molecular remission after therapy. Intranodal injection of autologous tumor-lysate-pulsed DCs is well-tolerated and achieves immunologic and objective clinical responses in selected CTCL patients.
Metabolic Dysfunction and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPAR) in Multiple Sclerosis (2018)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) probably caused, in most cases, by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. This review first summarizes some clinical, epidemiological and pathological characteristics of MS. Then, the involvement of biochemical pathways is discussed in the development and repair of the CNS lesions and the immune dysfunction in the disease. Finally, the potential roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) in MS are discussed. It is suggested that metabolic mechanisms modulated by PPAR provide a window to integrate the systemic and neurological events underlying the pathogenesis of the disease. In conclusion, the reviewed data highlight molecular avenues of understanding MS that may open new targets for improved therapies and preventive strategies for the disease.
Glucose-Dependent Interleukin 6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Production by Human Peripheral Blood Monocytes In Vitro (1996)

To clarify the mechanisms that cause elevation of plasma fibrinogen levels in diabetes, we first examined the effect of hyperglycemia on the production of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by cultured human peripheral blood monocytes. Monocyte-enriched fractions isolated from 20 healthy volunteers were incubated with 11 mmol/l glucose, 33 mmol/l glucose, or mannitol as an osmolar control for 6 or 24 h. After 6 h of incubation, IL-6 and TNF-alpha mRNA levels were analyzed by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. In addition, after 24 h of incubation, IL-6 and TNF-alpha immunoreactivity in the culture medium was measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Both IL-6 and TNF-alpha mRNA levels and immunoreactivity were significantly increased by treatment with 33 mmol/l glucose compared with treatment with 11 mmol/l glucose or 11 mmol/l glucose with 22 mmol/l mannitol. In addition, preincubation of the cells with an anti-TNF monoclonal antibody (mAb) blocked the stimulatory effect of 33 mmol/l glucose on IL-6 synthesis and secretion. Second, we examined the ability of conditioned media from human peripheral blood monocytes to stimulate beta-fibrinogen mRNA synthesis in HepG2 cells. The conditioned medium from monocytes treated with 33 mmol/l glucose increased beta-fibrinogen mRNA levels. The results of this study demonstrate that hyperglycemia stimulated IL-6 and TNF synthesis and secretion by human peripheral monocytes in vitro and that the IL-6 response to hyperglycemia may be mediated by TNF. Furthermore, hyperglycemia may increase fibrinogen levels through stimulation of peripheral monocytes. These results suggest that hyperglycemia may cause hyperfibrinogenemia in diabetic patients through an IL-6-dependent and TNF-dependent mechanism.
p80cdc25 mitotic inducer is the tyrosine phosphatase that activates p34cdc2 kinase in fission yeast. (1991)

We have investigated the mechanism by which fission yeast p80cdc25 induces mitosis. The in vivo active domain was localized to the C-terminal 23 kDa of p80cdc25. This domain produced as a bacterial fusion protein (GST-cdc25) caused tyrosyl dephosphorylation and activation of immunoprecipitated p34cdc2. Furthermore, GST-cdc25 dephosphorylated both para-nitrophenyl-phosphate (pNPP) and casein phosphorylated on serine in vitro. Reaction requirements and inhibitor sensitivities were the same as those of phosphotyrosine phosphatases (PTPases). Analysis of cdc25 C-terminal domains from a variety of species revealed a conserved motif having critical residues present at the active site of PTPases. Mutation of the cdc25 Cys480 codon, corresponding to an essential cysteine in the active site of PTPases, abolished the phosphatase activity of GST-cdc25. These data indicate that cdc25 proteins define a novel subclass of eukaryotic PTPases, and strongly argue that cdc25 proteins directly dephosphorylate and activate p34cdc2 kinase to induce M-phase.
Guest editors' introduction: E-Science (2004)

Presents the guest editorial for this issue of the publication.
Enhanced write performance of a 64Mb phase-change random access memory (2005)

A 1.8 V 64 Mb phase-change RAM with improved write performance is fabricated in a 0.12 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. The improvement of RESET and SET distributions is based on cell current regulation and multiple step-down pulse generators. The read access time and SET-write time are 68 ns and 180 ns respectively.
Corneal flap complications in refractive surgery (2003)

With the animal model described, corneal flaps were created in a precise and reproducible way in more than 90% of eyes. Nasal hinged flaps showed less postoperative displacements than temporal hinged flaps and are adequate for further study.
Treatment of Scoliosis (1962)

A new method for the treatment of scoliosis is described in which a metal system of rods and hooks is implanted, and distraction and compression forces applied, to correct the curve and stabilize the treated segments in the corrected position by skeletal fixation. The technique and principles of this method of treatment and a summary of the preliminary results obtained are given.
Hypothalamic insulin and neuropeptide Y in the offspring of gestational diabetic mother rats (1998)

The offspring of diabetic mothers is at increased risk to develop obesity and diabetogenic disturbances during life. Pathophysiological mechanisms responsible are unclear. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is an important hypothalamic stimulator of food intake and body weight gain, and its levels are decreased by elevated insulin. In neonatally hyperinsulinaemic offspring of diabetic mother rats, hypothalamic insulin level was significantly increased at birth (p < 0.01). At weaning, i.e. at the end of the critical hypothalamic differentiation period, a significantly increased number of NPY-positive neurons (p < 0.01) appeared in the arcuate hypothalamic nucleus. In conclusion, an increase in the number of NPYergic neurons in the hypothalamus, possibly due to hypothalamic malformation and/or perinatally acquired hypothalamic insulin resistance, might contribute to the development of obesity and metabolic disturbances in the offspring of diabetic mothers.
Learning from berberine: Treating chronic diseases through multiple targets (2013)

Abstract Although advances have been made, chemotherapy for chronic, multifactorial diseases such as cancers, Alzheimer’s disease, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes is far from satisfactory. Agents with different mechanisms of action are required. The botanic compound berberine (BBR) has been used as an over-the-counter antibacterial for diarrhea in China for many decades. Recent clinical studies have shown that BBR may be therapeutic in various types of chronic diseases. This review addresses BBR’s molecular mechanisms of action and clinical efficacy and safety in patients with type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, heart diseases, cancers and inflammation. One of the advantages of BBR is its multiple-target effects in each of these diseases. The therapeutic efficacy of BBR may reflect a synergistic regulation of these targets, resulting in a comprehensive effect against these various chronic disorders. The safety of BBR may be due to its harmonious distribution into those targets. Although the single-target concept is still the principle for drug discovery and research, this review emphasizes the concept of a multiple target strategy, which may be an important approach toward the successful treatment of multifactorial chronic diseases.
Competitive Adsorption and Interaction of Benzene and Oxygen on Cu/HZSM5 Zeolites (2011)

The competitive adsorption of benzene and oxygen on Cu/HZSM5 zeolites has been studied by FTIR and EPR to understand the gas-phase oxidation of benzene to phenol using molecular oxygen. Benzene proved to be the stronger adsorbate on copper, leading to a poisoning of the catalyst. Phenol, water, and deep combustion products could be detected. The evolution of the benzene radical cation was observed in situ, while benzene and oxygen were adsorbed on the sample either simultaneously or alternatingly. At the same time, the total spin density of the sample and thus the oxidation state of copper were monitored. A new reaction path based on the interplay of the zeolitic hydroxyl groups and the exchanged copper ions was proposed. The benzene resides inside the zeolites channel intersections, but due to benzene molecules blocking the channels, the products are hardly able to diffuse out and thus have to be extracted.
Targeting Frequency for Deletion Vectors in Embryonic Stem Cells (1994)

We analyzed the gene targeting frequencies and recombination products generated by a series of replacement deletion vectors which target the hprt (hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase) locus in mouse embryonic stem cells. We found that the targeting frequency of a 19.2-kb deletion was comparable to that of a 3-kb deletion or a conventional replacement event in which a 1.7-kb fragment was inserted into the locus. We also observed different integration patterns for these deletion vectors. A result of this finding is that a wide range of genomic deletions in embryonic stem cells is feasible.
Microfluidic Applications of Magnetic Particles for Biological Analysis and Catalysis (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTMicrofluidic Applications of Magnetic Particles for Biological Analysis and CatalysisMartin A. M. Gijs*, Frédéric Lacharme, and Ulrike LehmannView Author Information Laboratory of Microsystems, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne EPFL, Switzerland* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: +41 21 693 67 34. Fax: +41 21 693 59 50. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 3, 1518–1563Publication Date (Web):December 4, 2009Publication History Received14 May 2009Published online4 December 2009Published inissue 10 March 2010https://doi.org/10.1021/cr9001929Copyright © 2009 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views13946Altmetric-Citations526LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (5 MB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Biotechnology,Cells,Fluid dynamics,Magnetic properties,Nanoparticles Get e-Alerts
Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel receptor protein tyrosine kinase from human placenta. (1993)

Using a polymerase chain reaction-based approach we have isolated and characterized a cDNA (HPK-6) from human placental RNA encoding a novel receptor protein tyrosine kinase. This receptor tyrosine kinase has a unique extracellular domain, with an immunoglobulin-like domain at the amino terminus followed by three EGF-like cysteine repeats and three fibronectin type III repeats, giving the HPK-6 gene extracellular domain a novel combination of structural motifs. A comparison of the HPK-6 sequence with other receptor tyrosine kinases shows that the HPK-6 gene is the human homolog of the murine tek gene and very closely related to the recently described receptor tyrosine kinase tie. The HPK-6 gene is expressed predominantly in placenta and lung, with a lower level in umbilical vein endothelial cells, brain and kidney. The HPK-6 cDNA, when transfected into COS-7 cells, encodes a 140-kDa protein with in vitro kinase activity.
Unsupervised Learning in Recurrent Neural Networks (2001)

. While much work has been done on unsupervised learning in feedforward neural network architectures, its potential with (theoretically more powerful) recurrent networks and time-varying inputs has rarely been explored. Here we train Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent networks to maximize two information-theoretic objectives for unsupervised learning: Binary Information Gain Optimization (BINGO) and Nonparametric Entropy Optimization (NEO). LSTM learns to discriminate di erent types of temporal sequences and group them according to a variety of features. 1 Introduction Unsupervised detection of input regularities is a major topic of research on feedforward neural networks (FFNs), e.g., [1-33]. Most of these methods derive from information-theoretic objectives, such as maximizing the amount of preserved information about the input data at the network&amp;apos;s output. Typical real-world inputs, however, are not static but sequential, full of temporally extended features, statist...
Combining Markov Random Fields and Convolutional Neural Networks for Image Synthesis (2016)

This paper studies a combination of generative Markov random field (MRF) models and discriminatively trained deep convolutional neural networks (dCNNs) for synthesizing 2D images. The generative MRF acts on higher-levels of a dCNN feature pyramid, controlling the image layout at an abstract level. We apply the method to both photographic and non-photo-realistic (artwork) synthesis tasks. The MRF regularizer prevents over-excitation artifacts and reduces implausible feature mixtures common to previous dCNN inversion approaches, permitting synthesizing photographic content with increased visual plausibility. Unlike standard MRF-based texture synthesis, the combined system can both match and adapt local features with considerable variability, yielding results far out of reach of classic generative MRF methods.
L-infinity-NORM BASED PARTIAL-UPDATE ADAPTIVE FILTERING ALGORITHM FOR ECHO CANCELLATION (2006)

We provide a framework for developing a low-complexity adaptive filtering algorithm by incorporating the concept of partial-updating into the technique of finding the gradient vector in the hyperplane based on the L/sub /spl infin//-norm criterion. The resulting algorithm is referred to as the partial-update normalized sign LMS (PU-NSLMS) algorithm. A specific case of the PU-NSLMS algorithm, called the M-Max PU-NSLMS algorithm, based on the concept of having a minimum Euclidean length of the coefficient-update vector, is considered. It is shown that this algorithm is computationally less complex compared to the partial-update normalized least-mean squares (PU-NLMS) algorithm. Results concerning the mean-square analysis of the M-Max PU-NSLMS algorithm are given. The performance of this algorithm is compared with that of the PU-NLMS algorithm in the case of network echo cancellation. It is shown that the convergence rate of the proposed algorithm is comparable to that of the PU-NLMS algorithm, but with a reduced complexity, making it a good choice for applications requiring a long filter tap, especially for real-time implementations.
Gastrointestinal Damage Associated with the Use of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (1992)

Patients who take NSAIDs have an increased risk of nonspecific ulceration of the small-intestinal mucosa. These ulcers are less common than ulcers of the stomach or duodenum, but can lead to life-threatening complications.