gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence Suggesting That Galanin (GAL), Melanin-Concentrating Hormone (MCH), Neurotensin (NT), Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and Neuropeptide Y (NPY) Are Targets of Leptin Signaling in the Hypothalamus (1998)

Leptin (OB protein) reduces food intake by acting at the hypothalamic level. The purpose of the present study was to identify potential targets of leptin signaling in the hypothalamus in ad-lib fed rats. Central administration of leptin (5 microg) for 3 days decreased food intake and body weight gain in association with a decrease in hypothalamic galanin (GAL), melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene expression and with an increase in neurotensin (NT) gene expression. In pair-fed rats, NPY gene expression was increased and there was no change in either MCH, GAL, POMC or NT gene expression. This study identifies GAL, MCH, POMC and NT as non-NPY targets of leptin signaling and suggests that leptin's action on food intake and body weight is most likely mediated by inhibiting excitatory (e.g. NPY, MCH, GAL, POMC) and stimulating inhibitory (e.g., NT) signals in the feeding circuitry.
Fetch halting on critical load misses~~~~~~~~ (2004)

As the performance gap between processors and memory systems increases, the CPU spends more time stalled waiting for data from main memory. Critical long latency instructions, such as loads that miss to main memory and floating point arithmetic operations, are primarily responsible for these stalls. We present a technique, Fetch Halting that suspends instruction fetching when the processor is stalled by a critical long latency instruction. This enables us to save power in one of the primary sources of power dissipation, the issue logic. By reducing the occupancy rates in the issue queue and reorder buffer, we save power by disabling a large number of unused queue entries. In order to characterize critical instructions, our approach combines software profiling and hardware monitoring techniques. Statistical profiling information obtained from sample runs is used to identify critical instructions while hardware cache-miss prediction is used to monitor these instructions. We show that, on average, Fetch Halting can reduce issue queue and reorder buffer occupancy rates by 17.2% and 23.4%, respectively, with an average performance loss of only 4.6%.
Prolactin Signaling in Mammary Gland Development (1997)

It has now been over 60 years since Riddle et al. (1) purified a hormone from the anterior pituitary gland, which stimulated milk secretion in the mammary gland of virgin rabbits. They named it prolactin (PRL).1 Since then, the synergistic approaches of biochemistry, physiology, molecular biology, and cell biology have unveiled several molecular switches in the PRL signaling cascade (Fig. 1). Loss-of-function studies in the mouse have now provided clear insight into the biology of two components of the PRL pathway.
Inhibition of Transcription of the Human c-myc Protooncogene by Intermolecular Triplex (1998)

Triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) have been shown to inhibit both transcription in vitro and the expression of target genes in cell culture by binding to polypurine/polypyrimidine sequences in several human gene promoters. The c-myc protooncogene is overexpressed in a variety of human cancers and appears to play an important role in the proliferation of these cells. In an attempt to assay the ability of triplex-forming oligonucleotides to inhibit expression of a target gene in vivo, we have developed a cellular system involving transfection of a c-myc promoter-driven luciferase reporter plasmid with triplex-forming oligonucleotides targeted to the human c-myc protooncogene. To increase the stability of the TFO, we have used modified phosphorothioate oligonucleotides. Triplex formation with a modified phosphorothioate oligonucleotide occurs with approximately equal binding affinity as that seen using a phosphodiester oligonucleotide. Phosphorothioate-modified TFOs targeted to c-myc inhibit transcription of the c-myc promoter in HeLa cells as demonstrated by a decrease in luciferase expression from a luciferase reporter gene construct. These results suggests that triplex formation may represent a gene-specific means of inhibiting specific protooncogene expression.
Identification of Drosophila MicroRNA Targets (2003)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by binding to target messenger RNAs and by controlling protein production or causing RNA cleavage. To date, functions have been assigned to only a few of the hundreds of identified miRNAs, in part because of the difficulty in identifying their targets. The short length of miRNAs and the fact that their complementarity to target sequences is imperfect mean that target identification in animal genomes is not possible by standard sequence comparison methods. Here we screen conserved 3' UTR sequences from the Drosophila melanogaster genome for potential miRNA targets. The screening procedure combines a sequence search with an evaluation of the predicted miRNA-target heteroduplex structures and energies. We show that this approach successfully identifies the five previously validated let-7, lin-4, and bantam targets from a large database and predict new targets for Drosophila miRNAs. Our target predictions reveal striking clusters of functionally related targets among the top predictions for specific miRNAs. These include Notch target genes for miR-7, proapoptotic genes for the miR-2 family, and enzymes from a metabolic pathway for miR-277. We experimentally verified three predicted targets each for miR-7 and the miR-2 family, doubling the number of validated targets for animal miRNAs. Statistical analysis indicates that the best single predicted target sites are at the border of significance; thus, target predictions should be considered as tentative until experimentally validated. We identify features shared by all validated targets that can be used to evaluate target predictions for animal miRNAs. Our initial evaluation and experimental validation of target predictions suggest functions for two miRNAs. For others, the screen suggests plausible functions, such as a role for miR-277 as a metabolic switch controlling amino acid catabolism. Cross-genome comparison proved essential, as it allows reduction of the sequence search space. Improvements in genome annotation and increased availability of cDNA sequences from other genomes will allow more sensitive screens. An increase in the number of confirmed targets is expected to reveal general structural features that can be used to improve their detection. While the screen is likely to miss some targets, our study shows that valid targets can be identified from sequence alone.
Primer-Directed Enzymatic Amplification of DNA with a Thermostable DNA Polymerase (1988)

A thermostable DNA polymerase was used in an in vitro DNA amplification procedure, the polymerase chain reaction. The enzyme, isolated from Thermus aquaticus, greatly simplifies the procedure and, by enabling the amplification reaction to be performed at higher temperatures, significantly improves the specificity, yield, sensitivity, and length of products that can be amplified. Single-copy genomic sequences were amplified by a factor of more than 10 million with very high specificity, and DNA segments up to 2000 base pairs were readily amplified. In addition, the method was used to amplify and detect a target DNA molecule present only once in a sample of 10(5) cells.
Platelet receptor recognition domains on the .alpha. chain of human fibrinogen: structure-function analysis (1989)

We have previously shown that the alpha chain of human fibrinogen interacts directly with ADP-activated human platelets [Hawiger, J., Timmons, S., Kloczewiak, M., Strong, D. D., & Doolittle, R. F. (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79, 2068]. Now, we report that platelet receptor recognition domains are localized on two CNBr fragments of the human fibrinogen alpha chain. They encompass residues 92-147 and 518-584, which inhibit 125I-fibrinogen binding to ADP-stimulated platelets. The inhibitory CNBr fragment alpha 92-147 contains the RGD sequence at residues 95-97. Synthetic peptides encompassing this sequence were inhibitory while peptide 99-113 lacking the RGD sequence was inactive. The synthetic peptide RGDF, corresponding to residues alpha 95-98, inhibited the binding of 125I-fibrinogen to ADP-treated platelets (IC50 = 2 microM). However, the peptides containing sequence RGDF, with residues preceding Arg95 or following Phe98, were less inhibitory. It appears that the sequence alpha 95-98 constitutes a platelet receptor recognition domain which is constrained by flanking residues. The second inhibitory CNBr fragment, alpha 518-584, also contains the sequence RGD at positions 572-574. Synthetic peptides overlapping this sequence were inhibitory, while peptides lacking the sequence RGDS were not reactive. Thus, another platelet reactive site on the alpha chain encompasses residues 572-575 containing sequence RGDS. In conclusion, the platelet receptor recognition domains on the human fibrinogen alpha chain in the amino-terminal and in the carboxy-terminal zones contain the ubiquitous cell recognition sequence RGD shared with other known adhesive proteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The C Terminus of AvrXa10 Can Be Replaced by the Transcriptional Activation Domain of VP16 from the Herpes Simplex Virus (1999)

The avirulence gene avrXa10 of Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae directs the elicitation of resistance in a gene-for-gene manner in rice lines carrying the resistance gene Xa10. We have localized a transcriptional activator domain in the C terminus of AvrXa10 by using amino acid replacement mutagenesis. One mutant, with replacements at three hydrophobic amino acid residues in the C-terminal domain, was defective for transcriptional activation in yeast and avirulence activity in rice. The activation domain from the herpes virus protein VP16 restored the ability of the bacteria expressing the hybrid protein to elicit a resistance reaction. Elicitation was specific for Xa10, and the reaction had the hallmarks of the response to AvrXa10. The results indicate that a domain with the properties of a transcriptional activator plays a critical role in AvrXa10 function. The results also indicate that the protein has the potential to interact with the plant transcriptional program, although a role for the domain in the stability or conformation of the protein in the plant cannot be excluded. In a broader sense, the transcriptional activation domain of avrXa10 may represent a prokaryotic version of the acidic transcriptional activation domain, which heretofore has been found exclusively in eukaryotes.
Hydrogel-Encapsulated Lipid Membranes (2005)

We have encapsulated free-standing planar lipid membranes in a polymer hydrogel via in situ photopolymerization. These encapsulated membranes were measured to last at least 5 days and provided a stable environment for single-molecule measurements of incorporated alpha-hemolysin channel proteins. The translocation of single-stranded DNA through alpha-hemolysin incorporated into these encapsulated membranes is slowed over 100 times relative to that of the gel-free state. These stabilized membranes, therefore, have application to the single-molecule analysis of DNA as well as broader application to biomolecular sensors, membrane protein biophysical studies, and drug discovery.
A method for screening diacetyl and acetoin‐producing bacteria on agar plates (1994)

Abstract A simple method for screening bacteria for diacetyl and acetoin production was developed. This method is based on the ability of diacetyl and acetoin to form a red insoluble complex with α‐naphthol in the presence of creatine. Addition of carboxymethyl‐cellulose containing calcium citrate in the medium allowed discrimination between citrate utilizing and non‐utilizing bacteria.
Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube-Based Proton Exchange Membrane Assembly for Hydrogen Fuel Cells (2005)

A membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for hydrogen fuel cells has been fabricated using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) support and platinum catalyst. Films of SWCNTs and commercial platinum (Pt) black were sequentially cast on a carbon fiber electrode (CFE) using a simple electrophoretic deposition procedure. Scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy showed that the nanotubes and the platinum retained their nanostructure morphology on the carbon fiber surface. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed that the carbon nanotube-based electrodes exhibited an order of magnitude lower charge-transfer reaction resistance (R(ct)) for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) than did the commercial carbon black (CB)-based electrodes. The proton exchange membrane (PEM) assembly fabricated using the CFE/SWCNT/Pt electrodes was evaluated using a fuel cell testing unit operating with H(2) and O(2) as input fuels at 25 and 60 degrees C. The maximum power density obtained using CFE/SWCNT/Pt electrodes as both the anode and the cathode was approximately 20% better than that using the CFE/CB/Pt electrodes.
Convergence of desktop and web applications on a multi-service OS (2009)

A paradigm shift has been taking place in the personal computer sharing model: a computer is no longer shared by users, but shared by mutually distrusting applications or other content. This multi-application sharing model is mismatched with today’s multi-user operating systems like Windows and Linux, which offer protection only across users. This mismatch contributes significantly to today’s malware problem: a user is often tricked to download and install malware which runs with the privileges of the user or even with escalated privileges to harm the user’s machine. Web-centric computing is another significant trend in computing, which makes web browsers a dominant client application platform. The browser platform supports a multi-application sharing model. However, today’s web browsers have never been designed and constructed as an operating system: different web site principals may coexist in the same protection domain, and there is no coherent support for resource access, control, and sharing. This makes browsers a vulnerable and functionally limited platform. In the light of these two trends, we envision ServiceOS, a multi-service OS on which web applications and traditional desktop applications converge. “Service” comes from “Software-as-a-Service”. A service is some generic content which can be either code or data. Services are hosted in the cloud and cached on the client. The owner of the service is an OS principal. ServiceOS will enable an application model that synthesizes the best elements from both desktop and web applications, providing fundamentally better security without sacrificing functionality. We sketch our design and present open challenges for this new paradigm of computing. 1
Implementation of Electronic Marketing of Slaughter Cattle in Virginia: Requirements and Procedures (1980)

Increased attention is being directed to electronic markets in the major agricultural commodities. Electronic markets are characterized by a trading arena that has been centralized via some electronic medium. The medium used may be a conference telephone, teletype, computer system, or some combination of these or other mechanisms. All make possible the sale of a commodity by description without requiring the physical proximity of buyer, seller, and product. In theory, this capability can eliminate or reduce the spatial imperfections and pricing problems now present in many “thin” markets, a topic of increasing concern throughout the food industry (Hayenga).
Bipolar and MOS analog integrated circuit design (1984)

Integrated-Circuit Fabrication. Active Devices in Integrated Circuits. Passive Components: Diodes, Resistors, and Capacitors. Bias Circuits. Basic Gain Stages. Analog Design with MOS Technology. Operational Amplifiers. Wideband Amplifiers. Analog Multipliers and Modulators. Voltage Regulators. Integrated-Circuit Oscillators and Timers. Phase-Locked-Loop Circuits. Integrated-Circuit Filters. Data Conversion Circuits: Digital-To-Analog Converters. Data Conversion Circuits: Analog-To-Digital Converters. Index.
Design of grating-assisted waveguide couplers with weighted coupling (1991)

The design of grating-assisted, channel waveguide codirectional couplers is demonstrated using the Gel'fand-Levitan-Marchenko inverse scattering method. Weighted coupling coefficients are computed from rational expression for the desired wavelength response. Approximate formulas that relate the waveguide and grating geometries to the computed coupling coefficients are derived. The technique is illustrated by designing a directional coupler with a third-order Butterworth filter characteristic and a 130 AA full-width-half-maximum bandwidth.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A VLP-based vaccine targeting domain III of the West Nile virus E protein protects from lethal infection in mice (2010)

The immunogenicity of DIII can be strongly enhanced by conjugation to virus-like particles of the bacteriophage AP205. The superior immunogenicity of the conjugate vaccine with respect to other DIII-based subunit vaccines, its anticipated favourable safety profile and low production costs highlight its potential as an efficacious and cost-effective prophylaxis against WNV.
Cancer Principle & Practice of oncology (2015)

Cancer Principle & Practice of oncology , Cancer Principle & Practice of oncology , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
MOSFET performance scaling: Limitations and future options (2008)

Prospects of velocity enhancement as the main driver of performance scaling in future CMOS are examined. Limits of velocity enhancement in uniaxially strained Si are first presented and then outlooks of novel channel materials such as Ge and III-V semiconductors are discussed. Finally, characteristics of performance scaling under power dissipation constraints are studied.
[Value of preoperative angiography in surgery of the hemodialysis shunt]. (1997)

Contrast angiography is still very important in evaluating the luminal anatomy of failing shunts and their venous runoff systems prior to intervention or surgical revision. For access monitoring, prior to primary AV fistulas or in case of a thrombosed access, angiography can be replaced by less invasive methods (physical examination, pressure measurements, color-flow doppler).
Multi-sensor Visual Analytics Supported by Machine-Learning Models (2015)

Machines, such as engines, vehicles, or even aircraft, go through extensive controlled trials during their development. Each machine is typically instrumented with hundreds of sensors that produce voluminous time-series data. Engineers analyze suchdata to improve their understanding of how machines are used in practice, which in turn helps them in taking design decisions. Most often they study operational profiles various sensors fora given day of operation using histograms, or examine time-series from multiple sensors together. However, when confrontedwith data from dozens of sensors, over many years of operation, they are challenged by the large number of histograms toanalyze, and the sheer length of time-series' to explore. Traditional approaches such as hierarchical histograms, time-series semantic zooming etc. often cannot cope with the volume of data encountered in practice. We augment basic data visualizations such as histograms, heat-maps and basic time-series visualizations with machine-learning models that aid in summarizing, querying, searching, and interactively linking visualizations derived fromlarge volumes of multi-sensor data. In this paper we describe our machine-learning augmented approach to visual analytics in thecontext of its actual use in practice for answering questions ofinterest to engineers analyzing large-scale multi-sensor data.
The glucose, insulin and glutamine requirements of suspension cultures of hela cells in a defined culture medium (1971)

ABSTRACT The serum supplement in a defined medium for the growth of HeLa cells could be replaced by protamine-zinc-insulin (0·2 u./ml). Insulin (0·4 u./ml) replaced the growth-stimulatory properties of protamine-zinc-insulin, whilst protamine sulphate (5 μg/ml) was found to be toxic to the cells. The addition of insulin to cultures depleted of insulin increased both cell growth rates and maximum cell populations. In the defined medium, HeLa cells could only utilize glutamate when a small amount of glutamine was included. Glucose, at a level of 2 mg/ml, was shown to limit maximum cell populations. The growth yield from glucose was 295 μg cell dry weight/mg glucose. When the medium glucose concentration was increased to 4 mg/ml, HeLa cell populations in excess of 16×105 cells (i.e. 640 μg dry weight)/ml were routinely achieved in the defined medium supplemented with insulin. Growth is then limited by the amino acid supply. Increasing the amino acid concentration of the medium by 50% raised the maximum cell population to 23·5 × 105 cells (i.e. 940 μg dry weight)/ml.
Meibomian gland phospholipids (1996)

The content of the meibomian gland lipid exprimate is known, but little is known about the phospholipids that comprise the glandular cells. The purpose of the present study is to identify and quantitate the phospholipid complement of the meibomian gland cells that produce the lipid secretion of meibomian oil and which is vital to tear film stability. Eyelids (n = 50) were excised from rabbits, and after surgical removal of surrounding tissues, the tarsal plates with and without expressing meibomian oil were extracted and phospholipids of the plates quantified by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Seventeen phospholipids were quantified from tarsal plates expressed of oil and tarsal plates containing meibomian oil: alkylacylphosphatidylcholine (AAPC), dihydrosphingomyelin (DHSM), dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol (cardiolipin), ethanolamine plasmalogen (EPLAS), lysoethanolamine plasmalogen, lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylserine, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin (SM), sphingosylphosphorylcholine. The six zwitterionic and neutral phospholipids, DHSM, EPLAS, PE, SM, AAPC, and PC together comprise 79.5% of the total meibomian gland phospholipid profile (in meibomian oil this value is 84.2%). The zwitterionic and neutral phospholipids dominate meibomian gland phospholipid profiles. Since the meibomian gland cells undergo holocrine secretion and form the meibomian glad secretion, such a composition is consistent with the hypothesis that a chemically stable lamellar surfactant layer phospholipids bind non-polar meibomian oil to the aqueous layer of the tear film.