gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protein disulphide-isomerase: a homologue of thioredoxin implicated in the biosynthesis of secretory proteins (1988)

Conference Article| April 01 1988 Protein disulphide-isomerase: a homologue of thioredoxin implicated in the biosynthesis of secretory proteins ROBERT B. FREEDMAN; ROBERT B. FREEDMAN *Biological Laboratory, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar HILARY C. HAWKINS; HILARY C. HAWKINS *Biological Laboratory, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar SUSAN J. MURANT; SUSAN J. MURANT *Biological Laboratory, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar LORNE REID LORNE REID †Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Crystallography, Birkbeck College, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1988) 16 (2): 96–99. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0160096 Article history Received: September 29 1987 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation ROBERT B. FREEDMAN, HILARY C. HAWKINS, SUSAN J. MURANT, LORNE REID; Protein disulphide-isomerase: a homologue of thioredoxin implicated in the biosynthesis of secretory proteins. Biochem Soc Trans 1 April 1988; 16 (2): 96–99. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0160096 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: PDI, protein disulphide-isomerase, DTT, dithiothreitol, IAM, iodoacetamide, e.r., endoplasmic reticulum This content is only available as a PDF. © 1988 Biochemical Society1988 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
An algorithm for the reduction of metal clip artifacts in CT reconstructions (1981)

Implanted surgical metal clips often produce objectionable artifacts in CT reconstructions. The artifacts appear as streaks which emanate radially from the site of the clip. It is shown in this paper that these artifacts stem primarily from motion of the clip during the scan. An algorithm is described which reduces the intensity of these artifacts. The procedure attempts to remove the metal object entirely from the scan data by replacing the measured projection values of rays that passed through a neighborhood of the clip with calculated values consistent with an object whose density is an average of the surround. Examples are given for head and body scans as well as for computer simulations which show substantial reduction of the streak intensity.
Designing for Disasters (2004)

Losing information when a storage device or data center fails can bring a company to its knees--or put it out of business altogether. Such catastrophic outcomes can readily be prevented with today's storage technology, albeit with some difficulty: the design space of solutions is surprisingly large, the configuration choices are myriad, and the alternatives interact in complicated ways. Thus, solutions are often over- or under-engineered, and administrators may not understand the degree of dependability they provide.

Our solution is a tool that automates the design of disaster-tolerant solutions. Driven by financial objectives and detailed models of the behaviors and costs of the most common solutions (tape backup, remote mirroring, site failover, and site reconstruction), it appropriately selects designs that meet its objectives under specified disaster scenarios. As a result, designing for disasters no longer needs to be a hit-or-miss affair.
Simulation of elastic wave scattering in cells and tissues at the microscopic level (2009)

The scattering of longitudinal and shear waves from spherical, nucleated cells and three-dimensional tissues with simple and hierarchical microstructures was numerically modeled at the microscopic level using an iterative multipole approach. The cells were modeled with a concentric core-shell (nucleus-cytoplasm) structure embedded in an extracellular matrix. Using vector multipole expansions and boundary conditions, scattering solutions were derived for single cells with either solid or fluid properties for each of the cell components. Tissues were modeled as structured packings of cells. Multiple scattering between cells was simulated using addition theorems to translate the multipole fields from cell to cell in an iterative process. Backscattering simulations of single cells indicated that changes in the shear properties and nuclear diameter had the greatest effect on the frequency spectra. Simulated wave field images and high-frequency spectra (15-75 MHz) from tissues containing 1211-2137 cells exhibited up to 20% enhancement of the field amplitudes at the plasma membrane, significant changes in spectral features due to neoplastic and other microstructural alterations, and a detection threshold of approximately 8.5% infiltration of tumor cells into normal tissue. These findings suggest that histology-based simulations may provide insight into fundamental ultrasound-tissue interactions and help in the development of new medical technologies.
Explore the Contributing Factors of Juvenile Delinquency among Children in Selected Juvenile Homes, Kerala (2015)

Descriptive study was executed with two main objectives, which includes , firstly to find the contributing factors of juvenile delinquency and secondly to explore the supportive factors among the vagrant children. The sample size was 60 and purposive sampling technique was chosen. The tool used was written narrative statements and 3 open ended questions. The results revealed that, family factor is found to be the leading cause of juvenile delinquency, 48% children were subjected to physical assault and 27% were punished cruelly by fathers. Twenty six of the parents were separated, 70% of fathers were alcoholic. One open ended question 48(80%) of them reported they will study well and serve the society according to their capacity. Thus, the findings of this study was beyond the belief that, nearly all the children , in juvenile homes, belonged to the category of "Child in need of care and protection" rather than Child in conflict withLaw".
Crystal Structure of Fragment Double-D from Human Fibrin with Two Different Bound Ligands, (1998)

Factor XIII-cross-linked fragment D (double-D) from human fibrin was crystallized in the presence of two different peptide ligands and the X-ray structure determined at 2.3 A. The peptide Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro-amide, which is an analogue of the knob exposed by the thrombin-catalyzed removal of fibrinopeptide A, was found to reside in the gamma-chain holes, and the peptide Gly-His-Arg-Pro-amide, which corresponds to the beta-chain knob, was found in the homologous beta-chain holes. The structure shows for the first time that the beta-chain knob does indeed bind to a homologous hole on the beta-chain. The gamma- and beta-chain holes are structurally very similar, and it is remarkable they are able to distinguish between these two peptides that differ by a single amino acid. Additionally, we have found that the beta-chain domain, like its gamma-chain counterpart, binds calcium.
Growth, surface morphology, and electrical resistivity of fully strained substoichiometric epitaxial TiNx (0.67⩽x&lt;1.0) layers on MgO(001) (2003)

We have grown single-crystal NaCl-structure δ-TiNx layers with x ranging from 0.67 to 1.00 on MgO(001) at 700 °C by ultra-high-vacuum reactive magnetron sputtering of Ti in mixed Ar/N2 discharges in order to investigate microstructural evolution and the physical properties of TiNx as a function of the N vacancy concentration. High-resolution x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy results show that all layers grow with a cube-on-cube epitaxial relationship to the substrate, (001)TiN∥(001)MgO and [100]TiN∥[100]MgO. The relaxed lattice parameter ao(x) decreases linearly from 4.240 Å with x=1.00 to 4.226 Å with x=0.67. Stoichiometric TiN(001) layers are fully relaxed at the growth temperature while layers with 0.67⩽x⩽0.92 are fully coherent with their substrates. Surface morphologies vary dramatically with x. TiNx(001) layers with x=0.67–0.82 have very flat surfaces arising from large cation surface diffusion lengths approaching values corresponding to step flow. However, the surfaces of the TiN0.92(001) and TiN1.00(001) layers, which were grown at higher N2 partial pressures, consist of a periodic two-domain ripple structure along the 〈110〉 directions due to kinetic roughening associated with lower cation surface mobilities resulting from higher steady state N coverages. TiN1.0(001) layers grown in pure N2 exhibit growth mounds that are predominantly square with edges aligned along the 〈110〉 directions. The room-temperature resistivity, 13 μΩ cm with x=1.00, increases from 52 μΩ cm for TiNx(001) layers with x=0.92 to 192 μΩ cm with x=0.67, due primarily to increased carrier scattering from N vacancies.
Small‐angle X‐ray and neutron scattering demonstrates that cell‐free expression produces properly formed disc‐shaped nanolipoprotein particles (2017)

Nanolipoprotein particles (NLPs), composed of membrane scaffold proteins and lipids, have been used to support membrane proteins in a native-like bilayer environment for biochemical and structural studies. Traditionally, these NLPs have been prepared by the controlled removal of detergent from a detergent-solubilized protein-lipid mixture. Recently, an alternative method has been developed using direct cell-free expression of the membrane scaffold protein in the presence of preformed lipid vesicles, which spontaneously produces NLPs without the need for detergent at any stage. Using SANS/SAXS, we show here that NLPs produced by this cell-free expression method are structurally indistinguishable from those produced using detergent removal methodologies. This further supports the utility of single step cell-free methods for the production of lipid binding proteins. In addition, detailed structural information describing these NLPs can be obtained by fitting a capped core-shell cylinder type model to all SANS/SAXS data simultaneously.
Trapping a Folding Intermediate of the α-Helix: Stabilization of the π-Helix (2008)

We report the design, synthesis, and characterization of a short peptide trapped in a pi-helix configuration. This high-energy conformation was nucleated by a preorganized pi-turn, which was obtained by replacing an N-terminal intramolecular main chain i and i + 5 hydrogen bond with a carbon-carbon bond. Our studies highlight the nucleation parameter as a key factor contributing to the relative instability of the pi-helix and allow us to estimate fundamental helix-coil transition parameters for this conformation.
Improvement of Hepatocyte‐Specific Gene Expression by a Targeted Colchicine Prodrug (2003)

Colchicine, an established tubulin inhibitor, interferes with the trafficking of endocytotic vesicles and thereby promotes the escape of lysosome-entrapped compounds. To improve its potency and cell specificity, a targeted prodrug of colchicine was synthesized by conjugation to a high-affinity ligand (di-N(alpha),N(epsilon)-(5-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyloxy)pentanomido)lysine, K(GalNAc)(2)) for the asialoglycoprotein receptor on parenchymal liver cells. The resulting colchicine-K(GalNAc)(2) conjugate bound to this receptor with an affinity of 4.5 nM. Confocal microscopy studies confirmed rapid uptake and receptor dependency of a prodrug conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate. Colchicine-K(GalNAc)(2) substantially increased the transfection efficiency of polyplexed DNA in parenchymal liver cells in a concentration- and receptor-dependent fashion. Colchicine-K(GalNAc)(2) was found to enhance the transfection efficiency by 50-fold at 1 nM, whereas the parental colchicine was ineffective. In conclusion, this nontoxic colchicine-K(GalNAc)(2) conjugate can be a useful tool to improve the transfection efficiency of hepatic nonviral gene transfer vehicles.
Posaconazole (Noxafil): A New Triazole Antifungal Agent (2007)

Posaconazole is the newest triazole antifungal agent. It is structurally related to itraconazole and has activity against Candida species, Aspergillus species, Cryptococcus neoformans, the zygomycetes, and other filamentous fungi. Randomized, double-blind trials have shown posaconazole to be at least as efficacious as fluconazole for the prevention of invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. It has also shown promising results in the treatment of various fungal infections refractory to other antifungal therapy. The dose of posaconazole is 200 mg orally three times daily for the prevention of invasive fungal infections and 800 mg daily in two to four divided doses for the treatment of invasive fungal infections refractory to other antifungal treatment. All posaconazole doses should be given with food or a nutritional supplement to enhance absorption. The most common adverse effects reported with posaconazole therapy were fever, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and headache. Instances of elevated liver enzyme levels, hyperbilirubinemia, and hepatocellular damage were also noted in clinical trials, and these laboratory values should be monitored during treatment with posaconazole.
Considerations and variations of dentist-prescribed, home-applied vital tooth-bleaching techniques. (1994)

Tooth-bleaching procedures became widely available with the 1989 introduction of a dentist-home technique. Over-the-counter home systems were put on the market shortly thereafter, but safety concerns led to a sales ban by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1991. That ban has been lifted while companies continue to supply information to the FDA. Information on bleaching safety has often been skewed because the high 35% hydrogen peroxide concentration used in the dentist-office procedures has sometimes been compared out of context with dentist-home formulas with 10% to 15% carbamide peroxide or 1% to 10% hydrogen peroxide. Earlier studies have also failed to put the risk level of tooth bleaching into perspective with other routine dental procedures. More recent studies show that 10% carbamide peroxide is safe when appropriately administered. Haywood does state that there is a risk level in any type of bleaching, and that the dentist-home system provides the best way to minimize the risk because the dentist can: (1) diagnose any problems or special needs; (2) plan appropriate treatment; and (3) fabricate, fit, and adjust the prosthesis used to apply the formula. A success rate of 96% (excluding tetracycline stain) has been achieved. Currently, most marketed systems use a carbamide peroxide in a thickened glycerin base. A new product is being introduced with 10% carbamide peroxide, a peroxide stabilizer, a thickener, and tooth-cleansing technology ingredients.
Angiopoietin-1 Regulates Endothelial Cell Survival Through the Phosphatidylinositol 3′-Kinase/Akt Signal Transduction Pathway (2000)

Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) is a strong apoptosis survival factor for endothelial cells. In this study, the receptor/second messenger signal transduction pathway for the antiapoptotic effect of Ang1 on human umbilical vein endothelial cells was examined. Pretreatment with soluble Tie2 receptor, but not Tie1 receptor, blocked the Ang1-induced antiapoptotic effect. Ang1 induced phosphorylation of Tie2 and the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI 3'-kinase) and increased PI 3'-kinase activity in a dose-dependent manner. The PI 3'-kinase-specific inhibitors wortmannin and LY294002 blocked the Ang1-induced antiapoptotic effect. Ang1 induced phosphorylation of the serine-threonine kinase Akt at Ser473 in a PI 3'-kinase-dependent manner. Expression of a dominant-negative form of Akt reversed the Ang1-induced antiapoptotic effect. Ang1 mRNA and protein were present in vascular smooth muscle cells but not in endothelial cells. Cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, but not human umbilical vein endothelial cells, secreted Ang1. These findings indicate that the Tie2 receptor, PI 3'-kinase, and Akt are crucial elements in the signal transduction pathway leading to endothelial cell survival induced by the paracrine activity of Ang1.
The World Bank, population control and the African environment. (1992)

According to the World Bank, Africa faces a dual crisis of explosive population growth and the accompanying environmental degradation. While recognizing the problems of civil wars, inappropriate policies, falling international prices for exports, AIDS, poverty-related diseases, and migration, the World Bank has not considered these to be a strict part of the nexus between agricultural, environmental, and population problems. Critics charge that the World Bank has brought to Africa modern agricultural practices far more environmentally destructive than traditional practices, that World Bank projects privilege large-scale farmers, and that World Bank analyses ignore the complexities of a continent, particularly in terms of cultural generalizations. The World Bank proposes top-down policy changes, from land tenure reform to improving women's education, without identifying the necessary resources to implement change. The World Bank bolsters its analyses with statistics and with project appraisals by academic experts, yet the institution has no true understanding of Africa.
Phosphorylation of Cardiac Myosin-Binding Protein-C Is a Critical Mediator of Diastolic Function (2015)

cMyBP-C phosphorylation enhances relaxation, whereas deficient phosphorylation causes diastolic dysfunction and phenotypes resembling HFpEF. Thus, cMyBP-C is a potential target for treatment of HFpEF.
Synthesis and Characterization of Carbon Nanotube−Nanocrystal Heterostructures (2002)

Oxidized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been reacted with cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanocrystals, capped with mercaptothiol derivatives, as well as with titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocrystals, functionalized with 11-aminoundecanoic acid to form nanoscale heterostructures, characterized by transmission electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The reaction with acid-terminated CdSe nanocrystals and acid-terminated tubes was facilitated with the aid of intermediary linking agents, such as ethylenediamine and semicarbazide, in an amide-forming reaction in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride, EDC. Based on electronic absorption spectroscopy, charge transfer is thought to proceed from the nanocrystal to the nanotube in the CdSe−nanotube system, whereas in the TiO2−nanotube system, charge transfer is expected to occur from the nanotube to the nanocrystal.
Use of New Ranging Tool To Position a Vertical Well Adjacent to a Horizontal Well (1992)

Summary As part of a heavy-oil pilot project, three vertical wells had to be drilled in close proximity to the horizontal section of a horizontal well. Because the separation distances specified were smaller than the position uncertainty associated with conventional directional surveying, a special electromagnetic ranging technique had to be developed. The technique proved reliable and was used to complete the project successfully.
A Therapeutic OX40 Agonist Dynamically Alters Dendritic, Endothelial, and T Cell Subsets within the Established Tumor Microenvironment (2010)

Little preclinical modeling currently exists to support the use of OX40 agonists as therapeutic agents in the setting of advanced cancers, as well as the mechanisms through which therapeutic efficacy is achieved. We show that treatment of mice bearing well-established day 17 sarcomas with a novel OX40 ligand-Fc fusion protein (OX40L-Fc) resulted in tumor regression or dormancy in the majority of treated animals. Unexpectedly, dendritic cells (DC) in the progressive tumor microenvironment (TME) acquire OX40 expression and bind fluorescently labeled OX40L-Fc. Furthermore, longitudinal analyses revealed that DCs become enriched in the tumor-draining lymph node (TDLN) of both wild-type and Rag-/- mice within 3 days after OX40L-Fc treatment. By day 7 after treatment, a significant expansion of CXCR3+ T effector cells was noted in the TDLN, and by day 10 after treatment, type 1 polarized T cells exhibiting a reactivated memory phenotype had accumulated in the tumors. High levels of CXCL9 (a CXCR3 ligand) and enhanced expression of VCAM-1 by vascular endothelial cells (VEC) were observed in the TME early after treatment with OX40L-Fc. Notably, these vascular alterations were maintained in Rag-/- mice, indicating that the OX40L-Fc-mediated activation of both DC and VEC occurs in a T-cell-independent manner. Collectively, these findings support a paradigm in which the stimulation of DC, T cells, and the tumor vasculature by an OX40 agonist dynamically orchestrates the activation, expansion, and recruitment of therapeutic T cells into established tumors.
Nearly Single‐Chirality Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Produced via Orthogonal Iterative Density Gradient Ultracentrifugation (2011)

We describe how iterative, orthogonal density gradient ultracentrifugation (DGU) separations can be used to produce nearly single-chirality (6,5) SWNTs. SWNT network transistors made from these highly pure, ≥98% semiconducting SWNTs simultaneously exhibit high on/off ratios, mobilities, and on-state conductances, suggesting their future application in integrated circuits and near-infrared optoelectronic light emitters and photodetectors.
Discrimination of Listeria monocytogenes from other Listeria species by ligase chain reaction (1992)

A ligase chain reaction assay based on a single-base-pair difference in the V9 region of the 16S rRNA gene (16S rDNA) was developed to distinguish between Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria species. For this purpose, two pairs of primers were designed, with one primer of each pair being radioactively labeled. The ligated product was separated from the primers by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and then detected by autoradiography. To achieve a higher sensitivity, the 16S rDNA was initially amplified by polymerase chain reaction prior to the ligase chain reaction. The ligase chain reaction was tested on 19 different Listeria species and strains and proved to be a highly specific diagnostic method for the detection of L. monocytogenes.
Does CircuLite Synergy assist device as partial ventricular support have a place in modern management of advanced heart failure? (2014)

The discrepancy between the number of patients on the waiting list and available donor hearts has led to the successful development of left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) as a bridge to transplantation. The conventional LVADs are designed to provide full hemodynamic support for the end-stage failing heart. However, full-support LVAD implantation requires major surgery, sternotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass in majority of cases. The Synergy Micro-pump is the smallest implantable LVAD and provides partial flow support up to 3 l/min. It was shown that early intervention with this device can provide substantial benefits to patients with severe heart failure not yet sick enough for a full-support LVAD. Due the small dimensions it can be implanted without cardiopulmonary bypass or a sternotomy. The purpose of this article is to review the clinical use of the Synergy Micro-pump as partial hemodynamic support.