gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of arylation and carbomethoxylation of olefins with organopalladium compounds (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of arylation and carbomethoxylation of olefins with organopalladium compoundsRichard F. HeckCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 24, 6707–6714Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01052a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01052a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2830Altmetric-Citations228LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of Conjugatable Bisphosphonates for Molecular Imaging of Large Animals (2007)

No fly in this oinkment: A targeted contrast agent allows real-time visualization of normal bones and hydroxyapatite crystals found in breast-cancer microcalcifications. Synthesis of the agent involves conjugation of a near-infrared fluorophore to methylester-protected pamidronate derivatives. Large-animal surgical models validate the effectiveness of the agent. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z701216_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A lightweight plastic robotic humanoid (2002)

Details the design and construction of a full sized robotic humanoid whose body is made entirely from lightweight polyurethane plastic and whose total size and weight are that of a typical human adult. The design of this robot was conceived with research in the conventional human environment in mind, incorporating all aspects of human mobility and sensory capabilities. Plastic components for the robot are easily and quickly manufactured, and are easy and cost effective to replace if damaged or broken. The substantial saving in weight that is possible through the use of plastics significantly affects other aspects of the design including motor and cabling capacities as well as battery life.
A STEPWISE ONE POT SYNTHESIS OF ALKYL THIOPHOSPHORAMIDATE DERIVATIVES OF NUCLEOSIDES (2002)

ABSTRACT Novel alkyl thiophosphoramidate derivatives of nucleoside analogues as membrane-soluble prodrugs of the bioactive free nucleotides have been prepared by phosphochloridothioate chemistry.
Adenovirus Early Region 4 and Viral DNA Synthesis (1993)

Mutants of human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) lacking early region 4 (E4) display a complex phenotype that includes a delay in the onset of viral DNA replication in low-multiplicity infections. Studies of viral DNA replication in vitro have not revealed a requirement for E4 products in DNA synthesis and, for most E4 mutants, defects in DNA replication are not apparent at high multiplicities of infection. The effects of E4 mutations on DNA replication therefore may reflect a role for E4 in the regulation of replication rather than in the process of DNA synthesis. The E4 mutant H5d/1014 carries two deletion mutations that together destroy all E4 open reading frames (ORFs) except ORF 4. Immunoprecipitation measurements of the level of the ORF 4 product confirm that H5d/1014 accumulates the ORF 4 product in somewhat larger amounts than wild-type Ad5. H5d/1014 is profoundly defective in viral DNA replication at a multiplicity of infection (50 PFU/cell) and time (24 hr after infection) that permit mutants lacking all seven E4 products to accumulate approximately normal amounts of DNA. In contrast, H5d/1019, a derivative of H5d/1014 in which the expression of ORF 4 is prevented by a mutation in the ORF 4 ATG initiator codon, produces DNA normally under these conditions. The product of ORF 4 therefore is necessary for the inhibition of viral DNA replication in H5d/1014-infected cells. H5d/1014 also inhibits, in trans, the synthesis of viral DNA by other E4 mutants that lack both E4 ORFs 3 and 6. Viruses that possess either of those ORFs are not subject to inhibition, indicating that the ORF3 and 6 products antagonize the effect of ORF 4. These observations are consistent with a regulatory role for the E4 ORF 3, 4, and 6 products in viral DNA replication in adenovirus-infected cells.
3D painting on scanned surfaces (1995)

We present an intuitive interface for painting on unparameterized three-dimensional polygon meshes using a 6D Polhemus space tracker as an input device. Given a physical object we first acquire its surface geometry using a Cyberware scanner. We then treat the sensor of the space tracker as a paintbrush. As we move the sensor over the surface of the physcial object we color the corresponding locations on the scanned mesh. The physical object provides a natural force-feedback guide for painting on the mesh, making it intuitive and easy to accurately place color on the mesh.
Multi-view Normal Field Integration for 3D Reconstruction of Mirroring Objects (2013)

In this paper, we present a novel, robust multi-view normal field integration technique for reconstructing the full 3D shape of mirroring objects. We employ a turntable-based setup with several cameras and displays. These are used to display illumination patterns which are reflected by the object surface. The pattern information observed in the cameras enables the calculation of individual volumetric normal fields for each combination of camera, display and turntable angle. As the pattern information might be blurred depending on the surface curvature or due to non-perfect mirroring surface characteristics, we locally adapt the decoding to the finest still resolvable pattern resolution. In complex real-world scenarios, the normal fields contain regions without observations due to occlusions and outliers due to interreflections and noise. Therefore, a robust reconstruction using only normal information is challenging. Via a non-parametric clustering of normal hypotheses derived for each point in the scene, we obtain both the most likely local surface normal and a local surface consistency estimate. This information is utilized in an iterative min-cut based variational approach to reconstruct the surface geometry.
Antibody drug conjugates and bystander killing: is antigen-dependent internalisation required? (2017)

Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) employ the exquisite specificity of tumour-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) for the targeted delivery of highly potent cytotoxic drugs to the tumour site. The chemistry of the linker, which connects the drug to the mAb, determines how and when the drug is released from the mAb. This, as well as the chemistry of the drug, can dictate whether the drug can diffuse into surrounding cells, resulting in 'bystander killing'. Initially, any bystander killing mechanism of action of an ADC was understood to involve an essential sequence of steps beginning with surface antigen targeting, internalisation, intracellular linker cleavage, drug release, and diffusion of drug away from the targeted cell. However, recent studies indicate that, depending on the linker and drug combination, this mechanism may not be essential and ADCs can be cleaved extracellularly or via other mechanisms. In this minireview, we will examine the role of bystander killing by ADCs and explore the emerging evidence of how this can occur independently of internalisation.
Protease‐Mediated Phototoxicity of a Polylysine–Chlorine6 Conjugate (2006)

Photodynamic therapy with a molecular switch: Both singlet oxygen generation and near-infrared fluorescence from a photosensitizer were markedly decreased by conjugating multiple chlorine6 photosensitizers onto a polypeptide backbone. Protease-mediated cleavage of the backbone results in the formation of degraded probes, which are highly phototoxic and fluorescent.
Operating characteristics of the finapress system to predict elevated left ventricular filling pressure (2006)

The observed likelihood ratios confirm that the PAR determined by the Finapress procedure may be a useful bedside diagnostic tool in patients with cardiac conditions.
Investigation of ciprofloxacin penetration into Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms (1994)

Bacterial infections associated with indwelling medical devices often demonstrate an intrinsic resistance to antimicrobial therapies. In order to explore the possibility of transport limitation to biofilm bacteria as a contributing factor, the penetration of a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, ciprofloxacin, through Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms was investigated. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR/FT-IR) spectrometry was employed to monitor bacterial colonization of a germanium substratum, transport of ciprofloxacin to the biofilm-substratum interface, and interaction of biofilm components with the antibiotic in a flowing system. Transport of the antibiotic to the biofilm-substratum interface during the 21-min exposure to 100 micrograms/ml was found to be significantly impeded by the biofilm. Significant changes in IR bands of the biofilm in regions of the spectrum associated with RNA and DNA vibrational modes appeared following exposure to the antibiotic, indicating chemical modification of biofilm components. These results suggest that transport limitations may be an important factor in the antimicrobial resistance of biofilm bacteria and that ATR/FT-IR spectrometry may be used to follow the time course of antimicrobial action in biofilms in situ.
Ferromagnetic resonance evidence for superparamagnetism in a partially crystallized metallic glass (1990)

Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements have been performed on samples of the metallic glass ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{40}$${\mathrm{Ni}}_{40}$${\mathrm{P}}_{14}$${\mathrm{B}}_{6}$ (Metglas 2826) annealed at 350 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C for several periods of time. Two absorption lines are seen, one due to the amorphous phase and another to a crystalline phase. The apparent anisotropy field of the crystalline phase, as calculated from FMR data, increases with annealing time up to an annealing time of 100 h. The results are consistent with the assumption that particles of the crystalline phase smaller than about 300 \AA{} exhibit superparamagnetic behavior. Calculations based on this assumption yield a value for the Avrami exponent, n=1.52, which is close to the value obtained from linewidth-broadening measurements and consistent with parabolic growth at a constant or slightly decreasing nucleation rate.
Crystal and co-crystal: a second opinion (2003)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Altered HOX and WNT7A expression in human lung cancer (2000)

HOX genes encode transcription factors that control patterning and cell fates. Alterations in HOX expression have been clearly implicated in leukemia, but their role in most other malignant diseases remains unknown. By using degenerate reverse transcription-PCR and subsequent real-time quantitative assays, we examined HOX expression in lung cancer cell lines, direct tumor-control pairs, and bronchial epithelial cultures. As in leukemia, genes of the HOX9 paralogous group and HOXA10 were frequently overexpressed. For HOXB9, we confirmed that elevated RNA was associated with protein overexpression. In some cases, marked HOX overexpression was associated with elevated FGF10 and FGF17. During development, the WNT pathway affects cell fate, polarity, and proliferation, and WNT7a has been implicated in the maintenance of HOX expression. In contrast to normal lung and mortal short-term bronchial epithelial cultures, WNT7a was frequently reduced or absent in lung cancers. In immortalized bronchial epithelial cells, WNT7a was lost concomitantly with HOXA1, and a statistically significant correlation between the expression of both genes was observed in lung cancer cell lines. Furthermore, we identified a homozygous deletion of beta-catenin in the mesothelioma, NCI-H28, associated with reduced WNT7a and the lowest overall cell line expression of HOXA1, HOXA7, HOXA9, and HOXA10, whereas HOXB9 levels were unaffected. Of note, both WNT7a and beta-catenin are encoded on chromosome 3p, which undergoes frequent loss of heterozygosity in these tumors. Our results suggest that alterations in regulatory circuits involving HOX, WNT, and possibly fibroblast growth factor pathways occur frequently in lung cancer.
Magnetization reversal in cobalt–phosphorus films (1983)

A brief review is given of preparation, structure, and magnetization reversal in Co–P thin films for digital recording. From this, a magnetization reversal theory is developed which correctly predicts a number of observed facts about Co–P. Among these are &amp;mA0.1 (conventional theory predicts 0.64 and 0.51, respectively), avalanche and cluster reversal mechanisms, transverse ripple, and sawtooth structure in recorded bits. Limitations to high bit and track density recording are discussed. It is suggested that lower Mr/Ms remanent squareness values may alleviate these density limiting mechanisms.
Transposition of the LINE-like retrotransposon TART to Drosophila chromosome termini. (1994)

TART, a telomere-associated DNA element from Drosophila, is shown in this paper to have structural homology to LINE (long interspersed element)-like retrotransposons and to transpose to broken chromosome ends. TART DNA was detected by in situ hybridization in 7 of 10 independent additions of DNA to a chromosome end. We found evidence that a TART element had transposed to the chromosome end in each of two additions that were examined in detail. From the DNA sequence of a TART element that recently transposed, we infer that TART encodes two proteins having significant sequence similarity to the putative proteins of many LINEs. These results support the hypothesis that TART elements preferentially retrotranspose to the termini of chromosomes as part of the essential process by which Drosophila telomeres are maintained.
A Low-Power Level Shifter With Logic Error Correction for Extremely Low-Voltage Digital CMOS LSIs (2012)

This paper presents a level shifter circuit capable of handling extremely low-voltage inputs. The circuit has a distinctive current generation scheme using a logic error correction circuit that works by detecting the input and output logic levels. The proposed level shifter circuit can convert low-voltage digital input signals into high-voltage digital output signals. The circuit achieves low-power operation because it dissipates operating current only when the input signal changes. Measurement results demonstrated that the circuit can convert a 0.23-V input signal into a 3-V output signal. The power dissipation was 58 nW for a 0.4-V 10-kHz input pulse.
Less Common Pediatric Renal Neoplasms (1994)

An abdominal mass in the neonate or child is most frequently of renal origin. In older infants and children, there is an increase in the incidence of renal neoplasia, while the developmental cystic anomalies more typical of early infancy become less frequent. Wilms tumor is the most common abdominal neoplasm of childhood: there are approximately 7.8 cases per million children each year. Less frequently encountered renal neoplasms include congenital mesoblastic nephroma, multilocular cystic nephroma, clear cell sarcoma, rhabdoid tumor, and renal cell carcinoma. Each of these tumors may mimic Wilms tumor. The purpose of this issue is to familiarize the radiologist with the less frequently encountered renal neoplasms in childhood and to emphasize that all of these renal neoplasms may mimic Wilms tumor, the most common abdominal neoplasm of childhood.
The effects of non-thermal pulsed electromagnetic energy on wound healing of pressure ulcers in spinal cord-injured patients: a randomized, double-blind study. (1995)

The objective of this randomized, double-blind study was to determine if non-thermal pulsed electromagnetic energy treatment significantly increases the healing rate of pressure ulcers in patients with spinal cord injuries. Subjects included volunteers admitted to a Veteran's Administration Hospital in New York over a 2 year period and consisted of 30 male spinal cord-injured patients, 20 with Stage II and 10 with Stage III pressure ulcers. Subjects were given non-thermal pulsed high-frequency electromagnetic energy treatment for 30 minutes twice daily for 12 weeks or until healed. The percentage of pressure ulcers healed was measured at one week. Of the 20 patients with Stage II pressure ulcers, the active group had a significantly increased rate of healing with a greater percentage of the ulcer healed at one week than the control group. After controlling for the baseline status of the pressure ulcer, active treatment was independently associated with a significantly shorter median time to complete healing of the ulcer. Stage III pressure ulcers healed faster in the treatment group but the sample size was limited. For spinal cord-injured men with Stage II pressure ulcers, active non-thermal pulsed electromagnetic energy treatment significantly improved healing.
In vivo quantification of leukocyte behavior in the retina during endotoxin-induced uveitis. (1996)

This study demonstrates that it is possible to evaluate EIU by investigating retinal leukocyte behavior and that vasodilation of major retinal vessels and leukocyte-endothelial interactions precede inflammatory cell emigration into the vitreous. This method may be useful to quantify the severity of inflammation in EIU.
Susceptibility to Retinal Light Damage in Transgenic Rats with Rhodopsin Mutations (2003)

Light-induced retinal damage in transgenic rats depends on the time of day of exposure to light, prior light-or dark-rearing environment, and the relative level of transgene expression. Retinal light damage leads to apoptotic visual cell loss and appears to result from oxidative stress. These results suggest that reduced environmental lighting and/or antioxidant treatment may delay retinal degenerations arising from rhodopsin mutations.
Transfer of the HIV-1 cyclophilin-binding site to simian immunodeficiency virus from Macaca mulatta can confer both cyclosporin sensitivity and cyclosporin dependence (1997)

HIV-1 specifically incorporates the peptidyl prolyl isomerase cyclophilin A (CyPA), the cytosolic receptor for the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A (CsA). HIV-1 replication is inhibited by CsA as well as by nonimmunosuppressive CsA analogues that bind to CyPA and interfere with its virion association. In contrast, the related simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac, which does not interact with CyPA, is resistant to these compounds. The incorporation of CyPA into HIV-1 virions is mediated by a specific interaction between the active site of the enzyme and the capsid (CA) domain of the HIV-1 Gag polyprotein. We report here that the transfer of HIV-1 CA residues 86-93, which form part of an exposed loop, to the corresponding position in SIVmac resulted in the efficient incorporation of CyPA and conferred an HIV-1-like sensitivity to a nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin. HIV-1 CA residues 86-90 were also sufficient to transfer the ability to efficiently incorporate CyPA, provided that the length of the CyPA-binding loop was preserved. However, the resulting SIVmac mutant required the presence of cyclosporin for efficient virus replication. The results indicate that the presence or absence of a type II tight turn adjacent to the primary CyPA-binding site determines whether CyPA incorporation enhances or inhibits viral replication. By demonstrating that CyPA-binding-site residues can induce cyclosporin sensitivity in a heterologous context, this study provides direct in vivo evidence that the exposed loop between helices IV and V of HIV-1 CA not merely constitutes a docking site for CyPA but is a functional target of this cellular protein.
Ceramics, Mechanical Properties and Behavior (2000)

Abstract Structural ceramics are used in applications such as gas turbines, machining, heat exchangers, aerospace components, armor, thermal barrier coatings, and bearings. Advantages of ceramics over metals include dimensional stability; low densities, which translate into weight savings and increased fuel efficiencies; high temperature capabilities; and corrosion resistance. The overriding concern with regard to the mechanical performance of ceramics is their brittleness and hence sensitivity to flaws. There is usually little or no warning that failure is imminent because deformation strain prior to failure is usually less than 0.1%. As a result, a primary aim of structural ceramics research has been the development of tougher ceramics. The mechanical properties of ceramics are very sensitive to starting materials, forming processes, heat treatment conditions, and surface preparation. Fracture analysis plays an important role in understanding the relationships between structure and mechanical properties, and the conditions that lead to failure
The timely expression of myelin basic protein gene in cultured rat brain oligodendrocytes is independent of continuous neuronal influences (1985)

The developmental expression of the myelin basic protein (MBP) gene was studied in rat cultured oligodendrocytes using immunofluorescence and in situ hybridization. In newborn rat brain cultures, which contain only glial cells, large amounts of MBP-specific mRNA (as assayed by grain counts in autoradiograms) abruptly accumulated within immature oligodendrocytes 5 to 6 days postnatal. MBP always emerged 6 to 8 days after birth; thus, a week after, galactocerebroside (GC), an early oligodendrocyte marker, had appeared. The percentage of MBP mRNA and MBP-positive cells peaked at about 15 days postnatal and decreased thereafter. The time of emergence of MBP in these cultured oligodendrocytes appears to be determined at a very early stage in their development and independent of continuous neuronal influences. There is a striking correspondence between the times of appearance of MBP in cultured oligodendrocytes and those in the intact animal. Thus, primary cultures made from 5-day prenatal, newborn, and 2-day postnatal animals all express MBP at about the same developmental stage, namely, after 14, 8, and 6 days in culture, respectively. Furthermore, cultured oligodendrocytes obtained from the spinal cord express MBP before those obtained from midbrain or hemispheres, as they would in the intact animal. Thus, the developmental expression of the MBP gene occurs in a similar time frame in vitro and in vivo. In oligodendrocyte-enriched cultures, where 60% to 80% of the cells express MBP, in situ hybridization with the cDNA clone revealed MBP-specific mRNA in the cell body and sometimes in the processes of the differentiated oligodendrocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
News and EFIS – Eur. J. Immunol. 3/2007 (2007)

both actively involved in the advancement of women in science, discuss the issue of gender inequality