gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Revised Roberts Cytoprotection and Adaptive Cytoprotection and Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157. Possible Significance and Implications for Novel Mediator (2010)

The significance of cytoprotection and adaptive cytoprotection and the peptides importance remained to be not completely determined. BPC 157 is an anti-ulcer peptidergic agent, proven in clinical trials to be both safe in inflammatory bowel disease (PL-10, PLD-116, PL 14736) and wound healing, and stable in human gastric juice, with no toxicity being reported. It has a prominent effect on alcohol- lesions (i.e., induced acutely and chronically) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-lesions (while interestingly BPC 157 may both prevent and reverse adjuvant arthritis). To review the importance of BPC 157, this review focused on Robert's cytoprotection concept described in rat stomach, reviewing our evidence that may resolve whether the cytoprotection and adaptive cytoprotection is an uniform phenomenon or not; whether the phenomenon or phenomena are endogenous or not, depending on nature of the irritants (mild or strong); whether this may contribute to stomach mucosa defense either when threaten by various ulcerogens or afforded by various antiulcer agents; whether these phenomena are uniform in whole gastrointestinal tract or not; whether they are interrelated or not. Finally, the importance of the cytoprotection phenomena and cytoprotection activity for skin wound healing, and wound healing in general was challenged. Thereby, this review focused on BPC 157 role in cytoprotection and adaptative cytoprotection suggesting that it may be the essential endogenous mediator able to mediate both cytoprotective and adaptive cytoprotective response in stomach and the whole gastrointestinal tract with significant importance in wound healing as well.
Membrane trafficking and mitochondrial abnormalities precede subunit c deposition in a cerebellar cell model of juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (2004)

These findings reveal that battenin is required for intracellular membrane trafficking and mitochondrial function. Moreover, these deficiencies are likely to be early events in the JNCL disease process and may particularly impact neuronal survival.
Genomic presence of recombinant porcine endogenous retrovirus in transmitting miniature swine (2006)

The replication of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) in human cell lines suggests a potential infectious risk in xenotransplantation. PERV isolated from human cells following cocultivation with porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells is a recombinant of PERV-A and PERV-C. We describe two different recombinant PERV-AC sequences in the cellular DNA of some transmitting miniature swine. This is the first evidence of PERV-AC recombinant virus in porcine genomic DNA that may have resulted from autoinfection following exogenous viral recombination. Infectious risk in xenotransplantation will be defined by the activity of PERV loci in vivo.
About Dendrimers:  Structure, Physical Properties, and Applications (1999)

No abstract
Further evidence for overlapping transcriptional units in an Escherichia coli cell envelope-cell division gene cluster: DNA sequence and transcriptional organization of the ddl ftsQ region (1986)

A 1.2-kilobase-pair BamHI fragment from a cell envelope-cell division gene cluster of Escherichia coli containing ddl and part of ftsQ was cloned and sequenced, and the sequence was interpreted with the aid of genetic complementation and promoter fusion data for the region. Both ddl and ftsQ were transcribed in the same direction (clockwise on the genetic map). ddl was shown to be capable of independent expression from a promoter of its own, and a promoter was identified within the ddl structural gene. The structural gene of ddl consisted of 918 nucleotides, encoding a 306-residue polypeptide of molecular weight 32,840; the synthesis of a protein of this molecular weight was shown to be directed from the 1.2-kilobase-pair BamHI fragment in minicells. Analysis of the DNA sequence further showed that the termination codon of ddl is separated from the initiation codon of ftsQ by one base, which suggests that these two genes may be translationally coupled when transcription is initiated upstream of ddl. This represents a second instance of potential translational coupling within this gene cluster and also indicates that the ddl and ftsQ transcriptional units must overlap (as has been reported earlier for ftsQ and ftsA and for ftsA and ftsZ).
Minimally Invasive Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Technologies in Hypothesis-Testing Clinical Trials of Innovative Therapies (2006)

Clinical trials of new cancer drugs should ideally include measurements of parameters such as molecular target expression, pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior, and pharmacodynamic (PD) endpoints that can be linked to measures of clinical effect. Appropriate PK/PD biomarkers facilitate proof-of-concept demonstrations for target modulation; enhance the rational selection of an optimal drug dose and schedule; aid decision-making, such as whether to continue or close a drug development project; and may explain or predict clinical outcomes. In addition, measurement of PK/PD biomarkers can minimize uncertainty associated with predicting drug safety and efficacy, reduce the high levels of drug attrition during development, accelerate drug approval, and decrease the overall costs of drug development. However, there are many challenges in the development and implementation of biomarkers that probably explain their disappointingly low implementation in phase I trials. The Pharmacodynamic/Pharmacokinetic Technologies Advisory committee of Cancer Research UK has found that submissions for phase I trials of new cancer drugs in the United Kingdom often lack detailed information about PK and/or PD endpoints, which leads to suboptimal information being obtained in those trials or to delays in starting the trials while PK/PD methods are developed and validated. Minimally invasive PK/PD technologies have logistic and ethical advantages over more invasive technologies. Here we review these technologies, emphasizing magnetic resonance spectroscopy and positron emission tomography, which provide detailed functional and metabolic information. Assays that measure effects of drugs on important biologic pathways and processes are likely to be more cost-effective than those that measure specific molecular targets. Development, validation, and implementation of minimally invasive PK/PD methods are encouraged.
Determination of Glucosinolates and Their Decomposition Products—Indoles and Isothiocyanates in Cruciferous Vegetables (2010)

Several epidemiological studies have shown that a high intake of cruciferous vegetables, for example cabbage, broccoli or Brussel sprouts has beneficial influence on human health. Consumption of these vegetables is related to a lower risk of several cancers. Bioactive compounds such as glucosinolates and products of their decomposition—isothiocyanates and indoles—have an influence on anti-cancer properties. However, there is poor information about methods of detrmination of these compounds present in cruciferous vegetables. A significant analytical challenge for scientists is to gain reliable data about the presence and quantity of compounds with anti-cancer properties in samples of vegetable material. The purpose of this review is to present and introduce advantages and disadvantages of different methods of determination of glucosinolates, isotiocyanates and indoles present in cruciferous vegetables. High-performance liquid chromatography is general technique of analysis of glucosinolates, indoles and total isotiocyanates content. Identification of isothiocyanates from plant samples is accomplished by gas chromatography.
Multivariable-PI-Based $dq$ Current Control of Voltage Source Converters With Superior Axis Decoupling Capability (2010)

This paper presents a linear direct-quadrature current control strategy for voltage source converters (VSCs) in a rotating reference frame (RRF). The described method is based on multivariable-proportional-integral (PI) regulators and provides fast dynamics and a zero steady-state error. Contrary to the well-known conventional PI-based control strategies in RRFs, the presented method provides practically decoupled axes with a superior disturbance rejection capability. Moreover, its implementation is relatively simple and does not impose excessive structural complexity compared to its conventional PI-based competitors. The method is applicable to both single- and three-phase systems and also to anisotropic three-phase systems, e.g., synchronous motors with different direct and quadrature impedances driven by VSCs. Implementing a three-phase test system, the performance of the presented method is experimentally evaluated.
The link between IFN- and allograft arteriopathy: is the answer NO? (2004)

Vascularized organ transplants often fail because of smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation in the intima of graft arteries, leading to progressive lumenal narrowing and resultant ischemic damage. Graft arterial disease is caused by IFN-γ secreted by alloreactive T cells. New evidence indicates that IFN-γ dysregulates expression of the enzymes eNOS and iNOS in graft-infiltrating leukocytes. Dysregulated NO synthase expression occurs prior to and is causally linked to intimal smooth muscle cell accumulation.
Cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase by contact inhibition and TGF-beta 1 in mink Mv1Lu lung epithelial cells (1996)

We postulated that contact inhibition and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 may target the same molecules to negatively regulate the Mv1Lu cell cycle in G0/G1. Both contact inhibition and TGF-beta 1 suppressed the expression of a 45-kDa protein (p45); cyclins D2 and B1; cyclin-dependent protein kinase (Cdk)-4, Cdc-2, and Cdc-2-associated activity; and the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor protein (pRb) but did not affect the expression of cyclins D1, E, and A or the expression of Cdk-2 and Cdk-5. Expression of p45 reappeared 12 h after release from contact inhibition and 6-8 h after release from TGF-beta 1, while TGF-beta 1 prevented release from contact inhibition and maintained suppression of both p45 and cyclin D2. Additionally, cyclin D2 phosphorylation and its associated kinase activity were strongly inhibited by contact inhibition and TGF-beta 1. Thus suppression of p45, cyclin D2/Cdk-4, and cyclin B1/Cdc-2 expression and/or activities is targeted both by contact inhibition and by TGF-beta 1 and may define common mechanisms through which these negative growth signals are integrated.
Characterization, Expression, and Mutation of the Lactococcus lactis galPMKTE Genes, Involved in Galactose Utilization via the Leloir Pathway (2003)

A cluster containing five similarly oriented genes involved in the metabolism of galactose via the Leloir pathway in Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris MG1363 was cloned and characterized. The order of the genes is galPMKTE, and these genes encode a galactose permease (GalP), an aldose 1-epimerase (GalM), a galactokinase (GalK), a hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GalT), and a UDP-glucose 4-epimerase (GalE), respectively. This genetic organization reflects the order of the metabolic conversions during galactose utilization via the Leloir pathway. The functionality of the galP, galK, galT, and galE genes was shown by complementation studies performed with both Escherichia coli and L. lactis mutants. The GalP permease is a new member of the galactoside-pentose-hexuronide family of transporters. The capacity of GalP to transport galactose was demonstrated by using galP disruption mutant strains of L. lactis MG1363. A galK deletion was constructed by replacement recombination, and the mutant strain was not able to ferment galactose. Disruption of the galE gene resulted in a deficiency in cell separation along with the appearance of a long-chain phenotype when cells were grown on glucose as the sole carbon source. Recovery of the wild-type phenotype for the galE mutant was obtained either by genetic complementation or by addition of galactose to the growth medium.
Transliteration of proper names in cross-language applications (2003)

No abstract available.
A Simple, Quick One-step ELISA Assay for the Determination of Complex Plasma Factor XIII (A2B2) (2000)

A new highly sensitive sandwich ELISA assay was developed for the determination of plasma factor XIII (FXIII). Plasma FXIII is a tetrameric complex of two types of subunits (A2B2). A biotinylated monoclonal capture-antibody against the B-subunit and a peroxidase-labelled monoclonal tag-antibody against the A-subunit were added to the plasma dilution and the amount of the complex attached to streptavidin-coated microplate was quantitated by measuring peroxidase activity. Only the tetrameric plasma FXIII reacted in the assay, non-complexed A or B subunits showed no reaction. The assay is linear up-to 40 microg/L of FXIII in the assay mixture. It is a quick one-step assay which can be performed within two hours. At normal and low FXIII concentration within batch reproducibility was 2.0% and 3.3%, day to day variation was 5.5% and 8.7%, respectively. Its high sensitivity allows reliable measurement at FXIII concentrations below 1% of normal average. Plasma samples can be stored for the assay at -20 degrees C for at least one month. Plasma levels of healthy individuals were normally distributed and no gender difference was observed. A reference interval of 14-28 mg/L (67-133%) was established.
Interstitial Temperature Measurements During Transurethral Microwave Hyperthermia (1991)

Microwave hyperthermia is presently being investigated as a treatment for alleviating the symptoms of urinary outlet obstruction associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Two clinical techniques using intracavitary microwave applicators are being evaluated for safety and efficacy at various institutions. The transrectal technique uses a directional microwave radiator that is inserted into the rectum adjacent to the prostate. The transurethral approach uses a symmetrically radiating applicator located within the prostatic urethra. Transrectal prostatic heating techniques require surface cooling to prevent hazardous temperatures in the intervening rectal mucosa. Since transurethral applicators radiate from within the prostatic urethra, heating is confined to the obstructive tissue immediately surrounding the applicator. Concern has been expressed regarding the possibility of thermal injury to the prostate and adjacent rectum during transurethral hyperthermia treatment. In this report we present interstitial temperature measurements of prostatic and rectal temperatures in 5 patients. Temperature was observed to decrease at a rate of about 6C/cm. outward from the applicator. No clinically significant temperature increase was observed beyond 1 cm, outside the prostatic capsule or in the rectal mucosa.
Abstract 1907: Wnt pathway antagonist OMP-54F28 (FZD8-Fc) inhibits tumor growth and reduces tumor-initiating cell frequency in patient-derived hepatocellular carcinoma and ovarian cancer xenograft models (2014)

Abstract The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, which signals through the Frizzled (FZD) receptor family and several co-receptors, has long been implicated in cancer. We have developed OMP-54F28, a recombinant fusion protein consisting of the ligand-binding domain of FZD8 and a human IgG1 Fc fragment. OMP-54F28 acts as a decoy receptor in sequestering Wnts and preventing them from binding to FZD receptors and thereby inhibiting Wnt signaling. The Wnt pathway is important for stem cell self renewal, differentiation, tumorigenicity, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Using minimally passaged human patient-derived xenograft tumors, we demonstrate that OMP-54F28 is efficacious as a single agent and in combination with standard of care in four hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and two ovarian cancer models. In the HCC models, OMP-54F28 shows tumor growth inhibition (TGI) as a single agent (average of 46%, p&amp;lt;0.05 vs. control) and displays additive TGI in combination with Sorafenib (average of 78%, p&amp;lt;0.05; 48% Sorafenib alone). Also, in the ovarian cancer models, treatment with OMP-54F28 results in TGI as a single agent (average of 32% vs. control) and shows additive TGI in combination with Paclitaxel (average of 78%, p&amp;lt;0.05; 48% with Paclitaxel alone). We also performed in vivo serial transplantation assays and found that OMP-54F28 as a single agent and in combination with standard of care reduces tumor-initiating cell frequency in both HCC and ovarian cancer xenografts. The anti-tumor effect was associated with a decrease in cell proliferation, induction of cell differentiation, and modulation of target Wnt pathway genes. Our data demonstrate the potential therapeutic benefit of targeting Wnt signaling in HCC and ovarian cancer. OMP-54F28 is being tested in Phase 1b clinical studies in these indications. Citation Format: Pete Yeung, Lucia Beviglia, Belinda Cancilla, Cristina Dee-Hoskins, James W. Evans, Marcus M. Fischer, Wan-Ching Yen, Austin Gurney, John Lewicki, Timothy Hoey, Ann M. Kapoun. Wnt pathway antagonist OMP-54F28 (FZD8-Fc) inhibits tumor growth and reduces tumor-initiating cell frequency in patient-derived hepatocellular carcinoma and ovarian cancer xenograft models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1907. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1907
Addition of Glutamine to Total Parenteral Nutrition After Elective Abdominal Surgery Spares Free Glutamine in Muscle, Counteracts the Fall in Muscle Protein Synthesis, and Improves Nitrogen Balance (1989)

Twenty-two patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery were given total parenteral nutrition (TPN) after the operation. The TPN contained either a conventional amino acid solution supplemented with glutamine or a conventional amino acid solution without supplementation. To study amino acid and protein metabolism, muscle biopsy specimens were taken before surgery and on the third postoperative day. The postoperative decrease in the intracellular concentration of free glutamine was less pronounced in the glutamine group (21.8 +/- 5.5%) than in the control group (38.7 +/- 5.1%; p less than 0.05). The protein synthesis was reflected in the concentration and size distribution of ribosomes. No significant changes in these parameters were seen in the glutamine group after the operation. In the control group, the total concentration of ribosomes fell by 27.2 +/- 8.5% (p less than 0.05), and the relative proportion of polyribosomes fell by 10.6 +/- 2.9% (p less than 0.01). Although there were significant changes in the control group, no significant differences in the changes of these parameters between the two groups were detected. The cumulative nitrogen loss was significantly less in the glutamine group as compared to the control group during the period studied--2.3 +/- 1.4 g versus 8.5 +/- 1.5 g, respectively (p less than 0.01). Administration of glutamine to catabolic patients is advocated.
Antitumor activity of gamma-interferon in ascitic and solid tumor models of human ovarian cancer. (1991)

We have investigated the action of recombinant human gamma-interferon (rHuIFN-gamma) against human ovarian cancer xenografts growing as ascites or as bulky solid i.p. tumors in nude mice. Both forms of the disease responded to i.p. rHuIFN-gamma with significant increases in mouse survival time, and in 2 of 3 ascitic models the mice were cured of peritoneal disease. The activity of rHuIFN-gamma was dose and schedule dependent, and xenografts derived from 3 different patients showed a heterogeneity of response. Peak i.p. levels of rHuIFN-gamma in nude mice bearing multiple i.p. solid tumors were similar to those found in ovarian cancer patients receiving i.p. rHuIFN-gamma, but clearance was more rapid in the mice. Rat gamma-interferon had no antitumor activity at the same doses and schedules although it had some biological activity in the nude mice. Histological examination of treated tumors revealed increased necrosis and loss of cellular organization with large areas of hypocellular epithelial mucin. These changes were preceded by a fall in tumor tryptophan and a rise in tumor kynurenine. We conclude that rHuIFN-gamma has a direct dose related antitumor effect on ovarian cancer xenografts that is preceded by increased metabolism of tryptophan.
Effect of Chemicals, Heat, and Histopathologic Processing on High-Infectivity Hamster-Adapted Scrapie Virus (1982)

High-titered (greater than 10(10) LD50 [50% lethal dose[/g) preparations of scrapie virus-infected hamster brain were subjected to inactivation by various chemicals, autoclaving, and histopathologic processing. Sodium hypochlorite, which reduced infectivity by approximately 4 log LD50/g of brain (99.99%), was somewhat superior to sodium metaperiodate and clearly superior to chlorine dioxide, Lysol (National Laboratories, Montvale, N.J.), iodine, potassium permanganate, and hydrogen peroxide. Most inactivation occurred within 15-30 min of exposure to a chemical, and little if any additional inactivation occurred after 1 hr. Brains processed for histopathologic examination (formalin fixation followed by dehydration in methanol, clearing in chloroform, and embedding in paraffin) retained greater than or equal to 6.8 log LD50/g of the infectivity present in unprocessed control tissues (9.6 log LD50/g). One hour in an autoclave at 121 C reduced the titer of scrapie virus by approximately 7.5 log LD50/g of brain but left 2.5 log LD50/g of residual infectivity. A combination of exposure to chemicals and autoclaving may be necessary to sterilize high-titered scrapie virus-infected tissue.
A Role for Phosphorylation of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3α in Bovine Sperm Motility Regulation1 (2000)

The long-term goal of our work is to understand biochemical mechanisms underlying sperm motility and fertility. In a recent study we showed that tyrosine phosphorylation of a 55-kDa protein varied in direct proportion to motility. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the protein was low in immotile compared to motile epididymal sperm. Inhibition or stimulation of motility by high calcium levels or cAMP, respectively, results in a corresponding decrease or increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of the 55-kDa protein. Here we report purification and identification of this motility-associated protein. Soluble extracts from bovine caudal epididymal sperm were subjected to DEAE-cellulose, Affi-Gel blue, and cellulose phosphate chromatography. Tyrosine phosphate immunoreactive fractions contained glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) activity, suggesting a possible correspondence between these proteins. This suggestion was verified by Western blot analyses following one-dimensional and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of the purified protein using monoclonal and affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies against the catalytic amino-terminus and carboxy-terminus regions of GSK-3. Further confirmation of the identity of these proteins came from Western blot analysis using antibodies specific to the tyrosine phosphorylated GSK-3. Using this antibody, we also showed that GSK-3 tyrosine phosphorylation was high in motile compared to immotile sperm. Immunocytochemistry revealed that GSK-3 is present in the flagellum and the anterior portion of the sperm head. These data suggest that GSK-3, regulated by phosphorylation, could be a key element underlying motility initiation in the epididymis and regulation of mature sperm function.