gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NH(2)-terminal truncated HER-2 protein but not full-length receptor is associated with nodal metastasis in human breast cancer. (2002)

P95HER-2 in primary tumors was related to extent of lymph node involvement and was enhanced in nodal tissue suggesting an important role as a marker or cause in breast cancer metastasis. Examination of the prognostic value of p95HER-2 in breast cancer and its coexpression with metalloprotease activity seem warranted.
Facile Synthesis of PbS Truncated Octahedron Crystals with High Symmetry and Their Large-Scale Assembly into Regular Patterns by a Simple Solution Route (2008)

Highly regular patterns with amazingly well-defined uniform truncated octahedrons of PbS nanocrystals as building blocks were prepared via a simple one-pot solution method. Each truncated octahedron has a composition of six {100} squares and eight {111} hexagons, and the overall structure shares 24 identical edges in a mecon way. Hexapod PbS, six-arm star-shaped dendrites, octahedron and truncated cubes were also fabricated. Structural and optical properties as well as morphological evolutions were studied by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and a confocal Raman spectroscopy. A mechanism for the formation of the PbS nanocrystals as well as their inner structure was tentatively proposed based on the characterization results.
Molecular Cloning and Functional Expression of the Cardiac Sarcolemmal Na + -Ca 2+ Exchanger (1990)

The Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger of the cardiac sarcolemma can rapidly transport Ca2+ during excitation-contraction coupling. To begin molecular studies of this transporter, polyclonal antibodies were used to identify a complementary DNA (cDNA) clone encoding the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger protein. The cDNA hybridizes with a 7-kilobase RNA on a Northern blot and has an open reading frame of 970 amino acids. Hydropathy analysis suggests that the protein has multiple transmembrane helices, and a small region of the sequence is similar to that of the Na(+)- and K(+)-dependent adenosine triphosphatase. Polyclonal antibodies to a synthetic peptide from the deduced amino acid sequence react with sarcolemmal proteins of 70, 120, and 160 kilodaltons on immunoblots. RNA, synthesized from the cDNA clone, induces expression of Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange activity when injected into Xenopus oocytes.
Histometric evaluation of the effect of nicotine administration on periodontal breakdown: an in vivo study (2001)

The present study investigated the effect of nicotine administration on periodontal breakdown resulting from ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. Twenty adult male Wistar rats were used. After anesthesia, a mandibular first molar was randomly assigned to receive a cotton ligature in the sulcular area while the contralateral tooth was left unligated. The animals were randomly assigned to one of the following treatments. of daily intraperitoneal injections: A - saline solution, B -0.37 mg of nicotine kg, C -0.57 mg of nicotine kg and D -0.73 mg of nicotine/kg. Thirty days later, the animals were sacrificed and the specimens routinely processed for serial decalcified sections. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) revealed greater bone loss (p<0.05) in the ligated teeth of animals which received nicotine (groups B/C D) than in the ligated teeth of animals which received saline solution (group A). In addition, a dose-dependent response was observed among the nicotine groups. A negative effect of nicotine was observed in the unligated teeth of the experimental groups (p<0.05). Therefore, daily administration of nicotine enhanced, in a dose-dependent manner, the effects of local factors in producing periodontal breakdown. Furthermore, the nicotine seemed to have a direct deleterious effect on the periodontal tissues.
Comparison and trends in today's dominant E<sup>2</sup>technologies (1986)

This paper reviews the three dominant E <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> technologies today, namely the two floating gate approaches of thin tunnel oxide and oxide of textured poly and the dual dielectric approach of MNOS. It evaluates each approach with respect to cell design, operation, manufacturability, compatibility with established process technologies and reliability. It follows with a comparison of the technologies in the areas of development entry cost, scaling and reliability. After a review of the market place, this paper concludes with a projection of the requirements of E <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> technologies to support full function, commodity E <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> memories E <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> PROM as well as low cost microcontrollers and ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuits).
Is Oncogene Addiction Angiogenesis-dependent? (2005)

Does an activated oncogene that initiates tumor growth need to remain activated to maintain the cancer phenotype? This question has been answered affirmatively by experiments in which doxycycline-regulated oncogene activation induces growth of large tumors that regress completely upon oncogene inactivation--a phenomenon called oncogene addiction. We assemble here the evidence that oncogene addiction is angiogenesis-dependent. Although activated oncogenes increase tumor cell proliferation and decrease their apoptosis, these activities are not sufficient to expand tumor mass beyond a microscopic size. Oncogenes must also induce tumor angiogenesis for expansion of tumor mass. We propose experiments to validate the "endothelial centric" hypothesis of oncogene addiction.
Escherichia coli sepsis increases hepatic apolipoprotein B secretion by inhibiting degradation (2000)

Sepsis leads to hypertriglyceridemia in both humans and animals. Previously, we reported that plasma very low density lipoprotein apolipoprotein (apo) B and hepatic production of apoB increased during Escherichia coli sepsis. The present experiments were undertaken to determine whether the altered hepatic secretion of apoB was associated with an increase in synthesis or a decrease in degradation rate. Sepsis was induced in male, Lewis rats (225-275 g) by intravenous injection of 3.8 x 10(8) live E. coli colonies/100 g body. Twenty-four hours later rats were sacrificed, and primary hepatocytes were prepared and incubated overnight with 35S-methionine. Hepatocytes from E. coli-treated rats secreted twice as much apoB-48 and total apoB than the hepatocytes from control rats. Escherichia coil sepsis increased cellular triglyceride mass by 86%, which was due to a stimulation in triglyceride synthesis from newly synthesized fatty acids, measured by 3H2O incorporation into triglycerides. The apoB synthesis rate, apoB mRNA levels, and apoB mRNA editing were not altered during E. coil sepsis. The pulse-chase experiments showed that the rate of apoB degradation decreased in E. coli-treated rats. These findings demonstrate that the secretion of apoB is regulated posttranslationally during E. coli sepsis by decreasing the degradation of newly synthesized apoB, which contributes to the development of hypertriglyceridemia.
Hydrogen Sulfide Regulates Cardiac Function and Structure in Adriamycin-Induced Cardiomyopathy (2009)

Downregulation of endogenously-generated H2S is probably involved in the pathogenesis of ADR-induced cardiomyopathy, whereby H2S reduces lipid peroxidation, increases antioxidation, and inhibits oxidative stress injury.
Pharmacological induction of pancreatic islet cell transdifferentiation: relevance to type I diabetes (2014)

Type I diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which an immune response to pancreatic β-cells results in their loss over time. Although the conventional view is that this loss is due to autoimmune destruction, we present evidence of an additional phenomenon in which autoimmunity promotes islet endocrine cell transdifferentiation. The end result is a large excess of δ-cells, resulting from α- to β- to δ-cell transdifferentiation. Intermediates in the process of transdifferentiation were present in murine and human T1D. Here, we report that the peptide caerulein was sufficient in the context of severe β-cell deficiency to induce efficient induction of α- to β- to δ-cell transdifferentiation in a manner very similar to what occurred in T1D. This was demonstrated by genetic lineage tracing and time course analysis. Islet transdifferentiation proceeded in an islet autonomous manner, indicating the existence of a sensing mechanism that controls the transdifferentiation process within each islet. The finding of evidence for islet cell transdifferentiation in rodent and human T1D and its induction by a single peptide in a model of T1D has important implications for the development of β-cell regeneration therapies for diabetes.
Dynamic recognition of synchronization operations for improved data race detection (2008)

Debugging multithreaded programs, which involves detection and identification of the cause of data races, has proved to be a hard problem. Although there has been significant amount of research on this topic, prior works rely on one important assumption - the debuggers must be aware of all the synchronization operations that take place during a program run. This assumption is a significant limitation as multithreaded programs, including the popular SPLASH-2 benchmark, have barriers and flag synchronizations implemented in the user code. We show that the lack of knowledge of these synchronization operations leads to unnecessary reporting of numerous races. Our experiments with SPLASH-2 benchmark suite show that 12-131 distinct segments in source code, on an average, give rise to well over 4 million dynamic instances of falsely reported races for these programs. We propose a dynamic software technique that identifies the user defined synchronizations exercised during a program run. This information not only helps avoids reporting of unnecessary races, but also helps a record/replay system to speedup the replay.
Internal fixation strength of suture anchors—Update 1997 (1997)

Two new areas of anchor development are biodegradable anchors and "mini" anchors. The group of biodegradable anchors tested include the Bio-Anchor, LactoSorb, Biofix, Bio-Statak, Mini Screw suture anchor, DePuy 4.5 molded, DePuy 4.5 machined, DePuy 3.5 machined, TAG Wedge 4, TAG Rod 2, TAG Wedge 3, TAG Wedge 2, and Stealth. "Mini anchors" have drill holes or minor diameters of < 2.2 mm. Those tested include the Mini Revo and Bio-Anchor, miniHarpoon, mini Mitek and Fast in 3, Statak 1.5 and 2.5, SB 2 and PeBA 3, Corkscrew 5, Corkscrew 3.5, and Fastak A2, Ogden 2.5, TAG Wedge 2, ROC 1.9, and Questus 2.5. Additional anchors tested that fit neither category include the Anspach, Questus 3.5 and 5.0, SB 3 and PeBA-C, Ogden 3.5, Fast in 4, Ultrafix, and the ROC 3.5, ROC 2.8, ROC 2.3, and ROC XS. An anchor comparison, using an established protocol in fresh porcine femurs, recorded failure strength, failure mode, eyelet size, minor and major diameters, and drill hole sizes. Except for the Bio-Anchor and TAG Wedge 2, biodegradable anchors tend to be larger to compensate for their lower strength relative to metal. Biodegradable screw anchors' predominant failure mode was eyelet cutout, whereas biodegradable nonscrew anchors failed to predominantly by anchor pullout. From an initial mechanical perspective, these biodegradable anchors perform acceptably. Both biodegradable and "mini" anchors include screw and nonscrew designs. As expected, screw designs perform well and generally fail at higher loads than nonscrew anchors. Although biodegradable anchors, as a group, are not as strong as metal anchors, they are stronger than the sutures for which they are designed. The move to smaller ("mini") and biodegradable anchors is supported by these data. Whether an anchor fails at twice the suture breaking strength or 10 times the suture breaking strength should make no difference.
Global cancer statistics (1999)

Statistics are given for global patterns of cancer incidence and mortality for males and females in 23 regions of the world.
M-100907 (Aventis). (2001)

M-100907 is a highly selective 5-HT2A antagonist that is being developed by Aventis Pharmaceuticals, formerly Hoechst Marion Roussel (HMR), for the potential treatment of schizophrenia. M-100907 is in phase III trials for chronic schizophrenia [307936], [307942], [307940]. In August 1999, development was discontinued for acute schizophrenia (schizoaffective disorder) on the basis of poor results [335083]. M-100907 is a potent antagonist in every putative animal behavioral model of schizophrenia that involves activation of 5-HT2A receptors [181713]. Interestingly, M-100907 is also active in animal models involving blockade of NMDA glutamatergic channel receptors, an effect known to resemble some behavioral symptoms of schizophrenia in man [390328]. M-100907 belongs to a series of piperidine derivatives, which were originally disclosed in the associated patent, EP-00208235. M-100907 is specifically claimed in a later patent, EP-00531410. This patent describes superior in vivo potency for M-100907 and its claims include the use of M-100907 for the treatment of thromboembolic disorders. The use of M-100907 for the treatment of various developmental neurological disorders such as autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is disclosed in WO-09956750. In 1996, this product was designated one of HMR's nine top priority products, serving an unmet medical need and addressing a potential market in excess of US $500 million per year [221118]. In January 1999, BT Alex Brown predicted sales of US $30 million in 2000 rising to US $220 million in 2002 [318220]. In April 1999, ABN Amro predicted annual sales of DM 50 million in 2000, rising to DM 150 million in 2002 [328676].
Enzyme technologies for pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications (2001)

Part 1 Biosynthesis: delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine synthetase as a model tripeptide synthetase metabolic engineering for cephalosporin C yield improvement and production of intermediates bioconversion of penicillis to cephalosporins direct fermentative production of acyltylosins by genetically engineered strains of streptomyces fradiae engineering streptomyces avermitilis for the production of novel avermectins - mutant design and Titer improvement. Part 2 Biocatalysis: biocatalytic syntheses of chiral intermediates for antihypertensive drugs cloning, structure and activity of ketone reductases for baker's yeast cross-linked enzyme crystals -biocatalysts for the organic chemist enzymatic deacylation of chinocandins and related antifungal agents. Part 3 Screening/optimization: roles of enzymes in antibacterial drug discovery penicillin-binding proteins as antimicrobial targets -expression, purification and assay technologies development of a high-throughput screen for streptococcus pneumoniae UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-alanine - D-glutamase ligase (MurD) for the identification of MurD inhibitors purification and assay development for human rhinovirus proteases screening for parasiticides using recombinant microorganisms screening for inhibitors of lipid metabolism design and development of a selective assay system for the phospholipase A2 superfamily. Part 4 Emerging technologies: understanding and exploiting bacterial polyketide synthases polyketide synthases - analysis and use in synthesis enzymatic synthesis of fungal N-methylated cyclopeptides and depsipeptides new strategies for target identification, validation and use of enzymes in high-throughput screening use of genomics for enzyme-based drug discovery assigning precise function to genes redesigning binding and catalytic specificities of enzymes proteomics - chromatographic fractionation prior to two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for enrichment of low-abundance proteins to facilitate identification by mass spectrometric methods.
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils Are Necessary for the Recruitment of CD8+T Cells in the Liver in a Pregnant Mouse Model ofChlamydophila abortus(Chlamydia psittaciSerotype 1) Infection (2000)

ABSTRACT The role of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in the development of the specific immune response against Chlamydophila abortus ( Chlamydia psittaci serotype 1) infection was studied in a pregnant mouse model involving treatment with RB6-8C5 monoclonal antibody. PMN depletion significantly affected the immune response in the liver, in which the T-lymphocyte and F4/80 + cell populations decreased, particularly the CD8 + T-cell population. A Th1-like response, characterized by high levels of gamma interferon without detectable levels of interleukin 4 (IL-4) in serum, was observed in both depleted and nondepleted mice, although an increased production of IL-10 was detected in the depleted group. Our results suggest that PMNs play a very important role in the recruitment of other leukocyte populations to the inflammatory foci but have little influence in the polarization of the immune specific response toward a Th1-like response.
Extract Maximum Information from Event-Driven Topology Updates. (1993)

RU 28 362 is a novel synthetic steroid (lacking the 21-OH group) which reacts exclusively with the glucocorticoid receptor. It is therefore chemically different from the other natural and synthetic glucocorticoids in common use which also bind to a lesser extent to receptors for other classes of steroids. Aspects of the immunosuppressive effect of RU 28 362 were studied by comparing its suppressive effects on PHA-stimulated growth of human lymphocytes with those of hydrocortisone, betamethasone and the inactive analogue, 21-deoxyhydrocortisone. RU 28 362 was more potent than either hydrocortisone or betamethasone, but all three glucocorticoids had a parallel dose-response curve in suppression of the increase in cell volume that occurs with activation during the first day in culture. In studies on the time of appearance and density of IL-2 receptors during the first 3 days in culture, RU 28 362 was also somewhat more inhibitory and had a steeper dose-response curve than hydrocortisone or betamethasone. RU 28 362 was much more inhibitory and had a steeper dose-response curve than either hydrocortisone or betamethasone in inhibiting [3H]-TdR incorporation by 3-day PHA stimulated cultures. 21-deoxyhydrocortisone did not inhibit any aspect of PHA-stimulated lymphocyte growth.
Antimicrobial Growth Promoters Used in Animal Feed: Effects of Less Well Known Antibiotics on Gram-Positive Bacteria (2003)

There are not many data available on antibiotics used solely in animals and almost exclusively for growth promotion. These products include bambermycin, avilamycin, efrotomycin, and the ionophore antibiotics (monensin, salinomycin, narasin, and lasalocid). Information is also scarce for bacitracin used only marginally in human and veterinary medicine and for streptogramin antibiotics. The mechanisms of action of and resistance mechanisms against these antibiotics are described. Special emphasis is given to the prevalence of resistance among gram-positive bacteria isolated from animals and humans. Since no susceptibility breakpoints are available for most of the antibiotics discussed, an alternative approach to the interpretation of MICs is presented. Also, some pharmacokinetic data and information on the influence of these products on the intestinal flora are presented.
Secure text processing with applications to private DNA matching (2010)

Motivated by the problem of private DNA matching, we consider the design of efficient protocols for secure text processing. Here, informally, a party P1 holds a text T and a party P2 holds a pattern p and some additional information y, and P2 wants to learn {f(T,j,y)} for all locations j where p is found as a substring in T. (In particular, this generalizes the basic pattern matching problem.) We aim for protocols with full security against a malicious P2 that also preserve privacy against a malicious P1 (i.e., one-sided security). We show how to modify Yao's garbled circuit approach to obtain a protocol where the size of the garbled circuit is linear in the number of occurrences of p in T (rather than linear in $|T|$). Along the way we show a new keyword search protocol that may be of independent interest.
Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Conferred Complete Protection Against a Lethal Influenza Virus Challenge (2005)

We have previously demonstrated the formation and release of influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) from the surface of Sf9 cells infected with either a quadruple baculovirus recombinant that simultaneously expresses the influenza structural proteins hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), matrix 1 (M1), and matrix 2 (M2), or a combination of single recombinants that include the M1 protein. In this work, we present data on the immunogenicity and protective efficacy afforded by VLPs (formed by M1 and HA) after immunization of mice. VLP vaccine ( approximately 1 microg HA) were formulated with or without IL-12 as adjuvant and administered twice, at 2-week intervals, by either intranasal instillation or intramuscular injection. All VLP-vaccinated and influenza-immunized control mice demonstrated high antibody titers to the HA protein; however, intranasal instillation of VLPs elicited antibody titers that were higher than those induced by either intramuscular inoculation of VLPs or intranasal inoculation with two sub-lethal doses of the challenge influenza virus (control group). Antibody responses were enhanced when VLP vaccine was formulated with IL12 as adjuvant. All mice were challenged with 5 LD50 of a mouse-adapted influenza A/Hong Kong/68 (H3N2) virus. Intramuscular administration of VLP vaccine formulated with or without IL-12 afforded 100% protection against a lethal influenza virus challenge. Similarly, intranasal instillation of VLP vaccine alone protected 100% of the mice, whereas VLP formulated with IL-12 protected 90% of the vaccinated mice. Not only do these results suggest a novel approach to the development of VLP vaccines for diverse influenza virus strains, but also the creation of multivalent vaccines by decoration of the surface of the VLPs with antigens from other pathogens.
Scaffolds for Artificial miRNA Expression in Animal Cells (2015)

Artificial miRNAs (amiRNAs) are molecules that have been developed to promote gene silencing in a similar manner to naturally occurring miRNAs. amiRNAs are generally constructed by replacing the mature miRNA sequence in the pre-miRNA stem-loop with a sequence targeting a gene of interest. These molecules offer an interesting alternative to silencing approaches that are based on shRNAs and siRNAs because they present the same efficiency as these options and are less cytotoxic. amiRNAs have mostly been applied to gene knockdown in plants; they have been examined to a lesser extent in animal cells. Therefore, this article reviews the amiRNAs that have been developed for animal cells and focuses on the miRNA scaffolds that can already be applied to construct the artificial counterparts, as well as on the different approaches that have been described to promote amiRNA expression and silencing efficiency. Furthermore, the availability of amiRNA libraries and other tools that can be used to design and construct these molecules is briefly discussed, along with an overview of the therapeutic applications for which amiRNAs have already been evaluated.