gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adenoviral-mediated transfer of the human endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene reduces acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in rats. (1996)

Nitric oxide (NO), a vasodilator involved in the regulation of pulmonary vascular tone, is synthesized by a family of enzymes, nitric oxide synthases (NOS). To investigate whether adenoviral-mediated overexpression of constitutive endothelial NOS (ceNOS) would attenuate hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, we aerosolized 3 X 10(9) plaque forming units of a recombinant adenovirus containing the ceNOS gene (AdCMVceNOS) into rat lungs. Four days after infection, transgene expression was confirmed using immunoblot techniques. Diffuse ceNOS immunostaining was detected in alveoli and medium-sized and small pulmonary vessels of AdCMVceNOS-transduced lungs. AdCMVceNOS-transduction was associated with an 86% increase in [3H]arginine to [3H]citrulline conversion and a rise in pulmonary cGMP levels from 7 +/- 1 to 59 +/- 9 pmol/mg protein in lungs from AdCMVceNOS versus control rats, (P < 0.05). During acute hypoxia (FIO2 = 0.10) for 25 min, mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) increased significantly from 17 +/- 1 to 27 +/- 1 mmHg in rats aerosolized with saline (n = 4) and from 18 +/- 1 to 28 +/- 1 mmHg in rats given an adenoviral vector expressing a nuclear-targeted beta-galactosidase gene (AdCMV beta gal, n = 8). In contrast, in AdCMVceNOS-transduced rats (n = 8) the hypoxia-induced increase in PAP was significantly attenuated (18 +/- 1 to 23 +/- 2 mmHg). Systemic blood pressure was not affected by aerosol gene transfer. Thus, adenoviral-mediated ceNOS gene transfer to rat lungs increases ceNOS expression and activity, and reduces acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Aerosolized recombinant adenovirus overexpressing vasodilatory proteins can act as a selective pulmonary vasodilator and may hold promise as a future therapeutic strategy for pulmonary hypertension.
Atrial and Ventricular Burst Pacing from a Coronary Sinus Catheter: Relation to Position of Radiofrequency Transmitter (1985)

A young woman with drug-refractory recurrent supraventricular tachycardia was managed by rapid atrial stimulation using a catheter positioned in the coronary sinus. During follow-up, radiofrequency activation of the pacemaker resulted in burst ventricular and/or atrial pacing, depending on the distance of the transmitter's antenna loop from the receiver. Current output was directly related to the distance of the transmitter's antenna loop from the receiver and ranged from 20 mA at a distance of 0 cm from the receiver to 1 mA at 5 cm. If possible, coronary sinus lead placement should be avoided for radiofrequency-activated atrial burst pacing given the large current output with direct contact of the transmitter's antenna loop to the implanted receiver and the risk for ventricular stimulation. Alteration of the spatial relationship between the transmitter and receiver can be used to decrease current output and prevent ventricular pacing if atrial burst pacing from the coronary sinus is desirable.
Filtration of particulate suspensions in acoustically driven porous media (1998)

Abstract Retention of suspended solids within a porous medium subjected to resonant ultrasonic fields was studied experimentally. In laboratory tests, 325 mesh polystyrene particles were collected with high (typically &gt; 80%) single‐pass efficiency using a polyester foam mesh with pores more than two orders of magnitude larger than the particles retained. Deactivation of the acoustic field allows the retained particles to be flushed from the porous medium. The effects on filtration efficiency of processing variables (suspension flow rate, solids concentration in the feed, intensity of the acoustic field, and frequency of the acoustic field) are reported. A simplified analysis of particle trajectories toward cylindrical collectors in response to acoustic and hydrodynamic forces provides insight into the fundamental physical phenomena that govern the acoustically enhanced filtration process.
Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity against Cells Infected with Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Characterization of in Vitro and in Vivo Properties (1979)

An in vitro 51Cr release assay for human antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against HeLa cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been characterized by using leukophoresed and adherent cell-depleted adult lymphocytes. Lymphoytes from RSV seronegative children were also competent as effector cells. Sera from children with :1) primary and recurrent natural RSV infections, or 2) live attenuated RSV vaccine infection were examined to characterize the behavior of ADCC antibody in vivo. After natural RSV infection ADCC antibody rose and fell more rapidly than neutralizing antibody. In two children undergoing primary RSV infection with attenuated vaccine, neutralizing antibody was formed in the absence of detectable ADCC antibody. The nonparallel behavior of ADCC and neutralizing antibodies suggests the heterogeneity of either the antigen involved or the mechanism of antibody production in the two antibody systems.
Microsoft Windows Internals : Microsoft Windows Server 2003, Windows XP, and Windows 2000 (2005)

Concepts & tools Systen architecture System mechanisms Management mechanisms Startup & shutdown Processes Memory management Security I/O system Storage management Cache manager File systems Networking Crash dump analysis
Optimal Load-Side Control for Frequency Regulation in Smart Grids (2014)

Frequency control rebalances supply and demand while maintaining the network state within operational margins. It is implemented using fast ramping reserves that are expensive and wasteful, and which are expected to grow with the increasing penetration of renewables. The most promising solution to this problem is the use of demand response, i.e. load participation in frequency control. Yet it is still unclear how to efficiently integrate load participation without introducing instabilities and violating operational constraints. In this paper we present a comprehensive load-side frequency control mechanism that can maintain the grid within operational constraints. Our controllers can rebalance supply and demand after disturbances, restore the frequency to its nominal value and preserve inter-area power flows. Furthermore, our controllers are distributed (unlike generation-side), can allocate load updates optimally, and can maintain line flows within thermal limits. We prove that such a distributed load-side control is globally asymptotically stable and illustrate its convergence with simulation.
로빈슨 제퍼스와 A. R. 애먼즈의 시에 나타난 생태이념으로서의 도가철학 (2008)

The close relationship between Taoism and modern ecology has been suggested and studied by many scholars since Taoistic way of life emerged as an alternative to the anthropocentric Western culture. But the scholarship is still in a rudimentary stage of finding affinity or similarity. This paper investigates how one of the key ideas of eco-Daoism, wu-wei is reflected and incorporated in the poems of Robinson Jeffers, and how the idea of Taoistic polarity plays a major role in A. R. Ammons`s poetics of One:Many. Jeffers`s Inhumanism and Taoism share, foremost, a relentless criticism of anthropocentricism. Jeffers asks us to break out of humanity and to keep a transhuman perspective so that we can re-orient ourselves to the absolute, divine beauty of things. Tao Te Ching tells us nature is not humane or sentimental, and it, instead, follows its own Tao. To practice wu-wei, Lao Tzu suggests three treasures of mercy, frugality, and not daring to be first in the world, which are central to the very idea Jeffers expounds in his works. Taoistic polarity provides Ammons with a chance to elaborate his idea of cosmogony and man`s relationship with nature. In his poetry, this polarity develops into an ecological vision of the interconnectedness and the essential sameness of all things in the universe. Owing to this vision, Ammons deconstructs the anthropocentric vision and presents a cosmic vision in which man and nature can enjoy a harmonious mutual living(hsiang sheng).
Role of local commercials in family welfare communication (1981)

The increasing use of standard marketing and advertising techniques for the achievement of social welfare objectives marks a new trend in incorporating these allied fields into the discipline of development communication. P.H. Reddy explains here a case study using “social marketing” techniques.
Heart muscle engineering: An update on cardiac muscle replacement therapy (2006)

Cardiac muscle engineering aims at providing functional myocardium to repair diseased hearts and model cardiac development, physiology, and disease in vitro. Several enabling technologies have been established over the past 10 years to create functional myocardium. Although none of the presently employed technologies yields a perfect match of natural heart muscle, it can be anticipated that human heart muscle equivalents will become available after fine tuning of currently established tissue engineering concepts. This review provides an update on the state of cardiac muscle engineering and its utilization in cardiac regeneration. We discuss the application of stem cells including the allocation of autologous cell material, transgenic technologies that may improve tissue structure as well as in vivo engraftment, and vascularization concepts. We also touch on legal and economic aspects that have to be considered before engineered myocardium may eventually be applied in patients and discuss who may be a potential recipient.
A prognosis for ultra high molecular weight polyethylene. (1990)

Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMPWE) is now the material of choice for total joint replacement prostheses, in combination with a metal surface against which the polymer articulates. As this material has now been in use in this application for approximately three decades and other limiting factors (e.g. loosening of the prosthesis) have been improved upon, it is appropriate to attempt a long-term prognosis.
Noninvasive Cardiac Radiation for Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia (2017)

In five patients with refractory ventricular tachycardia, noninvasive treatment with electrophysiology-guided cardiac radioablation markedly reduced the burden of ventricular tachycardia. (Funded by Barnes-Jewish Hospital Foundation and others.).
Oxygenic Photoautotrophic Growth Without Photosystem I (1996)

Contrary to the prediction of the Z-scheme model of photosynthesis, experiments demonstrated that mutants of Chlamydomonas containing photosystem II (PSII) but lacking photosystem I (PSI) can grow photoautotrophically with O2 evolution, using atmospheric CO2 as the sole carbon source. Autotrophic photosynthesis by PSI-deficient mutants was stable both under anaerobic conditions and in air (21 percent O2) at an actinic intensity of 200 microeinsteins per square meter per second. This PSII photosynthesis, which was sufficient to support cell development and mobility, may also occur in wild-type green algae and higher plants. The mutants can survive under 2000 microeinsteins per square meter per second with air, although they have less resistance to photoinhibition.
Cell-Free Expression for Nanolipoprotein Particles: Building a High-Throughput Membrane Protein Solubility Platform (2008)

Membrane-associated proteins and protein complexes account for approximately a third or more of the proteins in the cell (1, 2). These complexes mediate essential cellular processes; including signal transduc-tion, transport, recognition, bioenergetics and cell-cell communication. In general, membrane proteins are challenging to study because of their insolubility and tendency to aggregate when removed from their protein lipid bilayer environment. This chapter is focused on describing a novel method for producing and solubilizing membrane proteins that can be easily adapted to high-throughput expression screening. This process is based on cell-free transcription and translation technology coupled with nanolipoprotein par ticles (NLPs), which are lipid bilayers confined within a ring of amphipathic protein of defined diameter. The NLPs act as a platform for inserting, solubilizing and characterizing functional membrane proteins. NLP component proteins (apolipoproteins), as well as membrane proteins can be produced by either traditional cell-based or as discussed here, cell-free expression methodologies.
Procedure Guideline for Brain Perfusion SPECT Using 99mTc Radiopharmaceuticals 3.0 (2009)

The purpose of this guideline is to assist nuclear medicine practitioners in recommending, performing, interpreting, and reporting the results of brain perfusion SPECT studies using 99m Tc radiopharmaceuticals.
Maurice’s management maxims (1999)

Brings together the management maxims of Maurice Line, which offer words of wisdom for managers.
Clinical Significance of Immunoassays for Type-5 Tartrate-resistant Acid Phosphatase (1999)

Wide sample distributions for TRAP activity in HD patients and TRAP protein in rheumatic disease patients suggest the presence of subpopulations of HD patients with increased TRAP activity and of rheumatic patients with increased TRAP protein. Each assay for TRAP activity and protein may have its own biological significance and clinical applications in specific groups of patients.
Myeloid-Derived microRNAs, miR-223, miR27a, and miR-652, Are Dominant Players in Myeloid Regulation (2014)

In the past few years expanding knowledge has been accumulated about the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) not only in hematopoiesis and cancer, but also in inflammatory and infectious diseases. Regarding myeloid cells, our knowledge is relatively insufficient, therefore we intended to collect the available data of miRNA profiles of myeloid cells. In addition to a rather general myeloid regulator miR-223, two other miRNAs seem to be useful subjects in understanding of myeloid miRNA biology: miR-27a and miR-652. We review functions of these three miRNAs and other myeloid miRNAs focusing on their roles in monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils and mast cells.
MicroRNA Discovery and Profiling in Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Deep Sequencing of Small RNA Libraries (2008)

We used massively parallel pyrosequencing to discover and characterize microRNAs (miRNAs) expressed in human embryonic stem cells (hESC). Sequencing of small RNA cDNA libraries derived from undifferentiated hESC and from isogenic differentiating cultures yielded a total of 425,505 high-quality sequence reads. A custom data analysis pipeline delineated expression profiles for 191 previously annotated miRNAs, 13 novel miRNAs, and 56 candidate miRNAs. Further characterization of a subset of the novel miRNAs in Dicer-knockdown hESC demonstrated Dicer-dependent expression, providing additional validation of our results. A set of 14 miRNAs (9 known and 5 novel) was noted to be expressed in undifferentiated hESC and then strongly downregulated with differentiation. Functional annotation analysis of predicted targets of these miRNAs and comparison with a null model using non-hESC-expressed miRNAs identified statistically enriched functional categories, including chromatin remodeling and lineage-specific differentiation annotations. Finally, integration of our data with genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation data on OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG binding sites implicates these transcription factors in the regulation of nine of the novel/candidate miRNAs identified here. Comparison of our results with those of recent deep sequencing studies in mouse and human ESC shows that most of the novel/candidate miRNAs found here were not identified in the other studies. The data indicate that hESC express a larger complement of miRNAs than previously appreciated, and they provide a resource for additional studies of miRNA regulation of hESC physiology. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Electroreduction of Sulfur Dioxide in Some Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids (2008)

The mechanism of sulfur dioxide reduction at a platinum microelectrode was investigated by cyclic voltammetry in several room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs)[C2mim][NTf2], [C4mim][BF4], [C4mim][NO3], [C4mim][PF6], and [C6mim][Cl] where [C2mim] is 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, [C4mim] is 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium, [C6mim] is 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium, and [NTf2] is bis(trifluoromethylsufonyl)imidewith special attention paid to [C4mim][NO3] because of the well-defined voltammetry, high solubility, and relatively low diffusion coefficient of SO2 obtained in that ionic liquid. A cathodic peak is observed in all RTILs between −2.0 and −1.0 V versus a silver quasi-reference electrode. In [C4mim][NO3], the peak appears at −1.0 V, and potential step chronoamperometry was used to determine that SO2 has a very high solubility of 3100 (±450) mM and a diffusion coefficient of 5.0 (±0.8) × 10-10 m2 s-1 in that ionic liquid. On the reverse wave, up to four anodic peaks are observed at ca. −0.4, −0.3, −0.2, and 0.2 V in [C4mim][NO3]. The cathodic wave is assigned to the reduction of SO2 to its radical anion, SO2-•. The peaks at −0.4 and −0.2 V are assigned to the oxidation of unsolvated and solvated SO2-•, respectively. The peak appearing at 0.2 V is assigned to the oxidation of either S2O42- or S2O4-•. The activation energy for the reduction of SO2 in [C4mim][NO3] was measured to be 10 (±2) kJ mol-1 using chronoamperometric data at different temperatures. The stabilizing interaction of the solvent with the reduced species SO2-• leads to a different mechanism than that observed in conventional aprotic solvents. The high sensitivity of the system to SO2 also suggests that [C4mim][NO3] may be a viable solvent in gas sensing applications.
Tight junctions contain oligomeric protein assembly critical for maintaining blood–brain barrier integrity in vivo (2007)

Tight junctions (TJs) are major components of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that physically obstruct the interendothelial space and restrict paracellular diffusion of blood-borne substances from the peripheral circulation to the CNS. TJs are dynamic structures whose intricate arrangement of oligomeric transmembrane and accessory proteins rapidly alters in response to external stressors to produce changes in BBB permeability. In this study, we investigate the constitutive trafficking of the TJ transmembrane proteins occludin and claudin-5 that are essential for forming the TJ seal between microvascular endothelial cells that inhibits paracellular diffusion. Using a novel, detergent-free OptiPrep density-gradient method to fractionate rat cerebral microvessels, we identify a plasma membrane lipid raft domain that contains oligomeric occludin and claudin-5. Our data suggest that oligomerization of occludin involves disulfide bond formation within transmembrane regions, and that assembly of the TJ oligomeric protein complex is facilitated by an oligomeric caveolin scaffold. This is the first time that distribution of oligomeric TJ transmembrane proteins within plasma membrane lipid rafts at the BBB has been examined in vivo. The findings reported in this study are critical to understand the mechanism of assembly of the TJ multiprotein complex that is essential for maintaining BBB integrity.
[Bacterial infections in intensive care units: etiology and pathogenesis]. (1997)

Bacterial infections represent the main cause of morbidity and mortality in Intensive Care Units (ICU). The infections developed in ICU correspond to 24% of the overall nosocomial infections. Endogenous bacterial flora sustains 85% of infectious episodes. In fact in ICU cutaneous, oro-pharyngeal and gastro-intestinal flora are substantially modified being replaced by nosocomial microrganisms which will become responsible for sepsis and infections localized at respiratory and urinary tract. The Authors review these main diseases acquired in ICU analysing the epidemiologic features, pathogenesis, ways of transmission and diagnostic criteria. Finally it is underlined the importance of microbiology in any surveillance program of ICU acquired infections. It is desirable that each unit carries out an epidemiological evaluation by means of own microbiological data in order to establish, together with clinical epidemiologists and infectious diseases specialists, accurate programs of prevention.
Electrochemical Sensors in Bioanalysis (2001)

"Covers the most recent methods and materials for the construction, validation, analysis, and design of electrochemical sensors for bioanalytical, clinical, and pharmaceutical applications--emphasizing the latest classes of enantioselective electrochemical sensors as well as electrochemical sensors for in vivo and in vitro diagnosis, for DNA assay
Vapor phase growth of Al whiskers induced by glancing angle deposition at high temperature (2006)

The authors demonstrate the growth of unusual Al whiskers by glancing angle deposition on a high temperature (HT-GLAD) substrate, while the usual columnar structures completely disappear due to accelerated surface diffusion. HT-GLAD is essential for the nucleation of the whiskers and efficient supply of Al atoms on the side surface of the vertically growing whiskers. HT-GLAD will, for the first time, reveal the mechanisms for the vapor growth of metal whiskers.
Giant magnetostriction in Sm1−xNdxFe1.93 compounds (2007)

The polycrystalline Sm1−xNdxFe1.93 (x=0, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16, 0.2, 0.24, 0.32, and 0.36) compounds are found to stabilize in MgCu2-type C15 cubic Laves phase structure. The compound x=0.12 is found to exhibit giant magnetostriction value of −1572×10−6 due to the anisotropy compensation between Sm3+ and Nd3+ ions. The easy direction of magnetization (EMD) is observed towards ⟨111⟩ for the 0⩽x⩽0.20 compounds, accompanied by a rhombohedral distortion. For the x=0.32 compound, an orthorhombic distortion, with a support that the EMD is towards ⟨110⟩, is observed.
Efforts to Control the Errant Products of a Targeted In vivo Generator (2005)

Alpha-particle immunotherapy by targeted alpha-emitters or alpha-emitting isotope generators is a novel form of extraordinarily potent cancer therapy. A major impediment to the clinical use of targeted actinium-225 (225Ac) in vivo generators may be the radiotoxicity of the systemically released daughter radionuclides. The daughters, especially bismuth-213 (213Bi), tend to accumulate in the kidneys. We tested the efficacy of various pharmacologic agents and the effect of tumor burden in altering the pharmacokinetics of the 225Ac daughters to modify their renal uptake. Pharmacologic treatments in animals were started before i.v. administration of the HuM195-225Ac generator. 225Ac, francium-221 (221Fr), and 213Bi biodistributions were calculated in each animal at different time points after 225Ac generator injection. Oral metal chelation with 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid (DMPS) or meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) caused a significant reduction (P < 0.0001) in the renal 213Bi uptake; however, DMPS was more effective than DMSA (P < 0.001). The results with DMPS were also confirmed in a monkey model. The renal 213Bi and 221Fr activities were significantly reduced by furosemide and chlorothiazide treatment (P < 0.0001). The effect on renal 213Bi activity was further enhanced by the combination of DMPS with either chlorothiazide or furosemide (P < 0.0001). Competitive antagonism by bismuth subnitrate moderately reduced the renal uptake of 213Bi. The presence of a higher target-tumor burden significantly prevented the renal 213Bi accumulation (P = 0.003), which was further reduced by DMPS treatment (P < 0.0001). Metal chelation, diuresis with furosemide or chlorothiazide, and competitive metal blockade may be used as adjuvant therapies to modify the renal accumulation of 225Ac daughters.
The Growth Mechanism of Copper Nanowires and Their Properties in Flexible, Transparent Conducting Films (2010)

Copper nanowires grow from spherical copper seeds in an aqueous solution. Conductive films of copper nanowires have a transmittance of 65% (∼15% more than the best values reported for carbon nanotubes), and remain conductive after 1000 bending cycles or one month in air.