gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fat tissue histological study at NIR laser treatment of the skin in vivo (2011)

Histological slices of skin samples with the subcutaneous adipose tissue after laser irradiation at different doses are analyzed. These data may be used at carrying out of the analysis of histological slices of skin samples with the subcutaneous adipose tissue after photodynamic therapy. The obtained data are important for safe layer-by-layer dosimetry of laser irradiation used in the treatment of obesity and cellulite.
Telithromycin Is Active against Mycobacterium avium in Mice despite Lacking Significant Activity in Standard In Vitro and Macrophage Assays and Is Associated with Low Frequency of Resistance during Treatment (2001)

ABSTRACT The activity of telithromycin, a new ketolide, was evaluated in vitro and in vivo against Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) strains. The MIC of telithromycin for several M. avium isolates obtained from the blood of AIDS patients ranged from 16 to &gt;128 μg/ml (MIC at which 90% of isolates are inhibited, &gt;128 μg/ml), and the compound did show activity in the macrophage system at concentrations greater than 8 or 16 μg/ml, but this was dependent on the MAC strain used. Telithromycin was then administered to mice infected with MAC strain 101 for 4 weeks at doses of 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg of body weight/day. Treatment with 100 and 200 mg/kg/day was bacteriostatic, but at 400 mg/kg/day telithromycin was bactericidal for MAC strains. The frequency of the emergence of resistance to telithromycin was low despite prolonged usage (12 weeks). This study demonstrates that telithromycin is active in vivo against MAC and warrants further evaluation.
Live Imaging of Neuroinflammation Reveals Sex and Estrogen Effects on Astrocyte Response to Ischemic Injury (2008)

Our results suggest that GFAP upregulation in ischemic injury may have different functional significance in female and male experimental animals and may not directly reflect the extent of ischemia-induced neuronal damage in female GFAP-luc mice. Using a novel live imaging approach, we demonstrated that the early-phase brain inflammatory response to ischemia may be associated with sex-specific biomarkers of brain damage.
Optical Pumping of Neon Metastable (P23) Atoms (1968)

Optical pumping of neon metastable atoms in a helium-neon discharge has been accomplished in a manner similar to that for helium. Metastable neon has a $P$ configuration and was expected to have a large spin-disorientation cross section; however, the depolarization cross section is less than 5.4 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}17}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. The measured $g$ factor is ${g}_{J}=1.50152\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.00064$.
Interleukin-10 gene promoter polymorphisms and their protein production in peritoneal fluid in patients with endometriosis (2006)

Although associations of interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene promoter polymorphisms and their protein production with endometriosis risk have been reported, the correlations remain controversial. The objective of this study was to determine IL-10 gene promoter polymorphisms at -1082, -819 and -592 sites and their protein production in peritoneal fluid (PF) in patients with and without endometriosis. IL-10 gene promoter polymorphisms at -1082 site were detected by amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR and that at -819 and -592 sites was genotyped by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-PCR. Protein levels of IL-10 in PF were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). There were no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of IL-10 gene promoter polymorphisms at position -1082 between the endometriosis and the control groups. However, the frequency of -819 or -592 C alleles was significantly increased in patients with endometriosis compared with controls. The protein levels of IL-10 in PF were statistically higher in the endometriosis group than in the control group. Moreover, the polymorphisms at -1082, -819 and -592 sites were associated with protein levels of IL-10 in PF in the endometriosis group while in the control group only the polymorphisms at position -1082 correlated with protein levels. Increased frequency of -819 or -592 C allele and increased protein production of IL-10 in PF in patients with endometriosis compared with controls and correlations of polymorphisms at -819 and -592 sites with protein levels of IL-10 in PF in patients with endometriosis may suggest that polymorphisms at -819 and -592 sites and their protein production are associated with endometriosis risk.
7.0-T Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characterization of Acute Blood-Brain-Barrier Disruption Achieved with Intracranial Irreversible Electroporation (2012)

The blood-brain-barrier (BBB) presents a significant obstacle to the delivery of systemically administered chemotherapeutics for the treatment of brain cancer. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is an emerging technology that uses pulsed electric fields for the non-thermal ablation of tumors. We hypothesized that there is a minimal electric field at which BBB disruption occurs surrounding an IRE-induced zone of ablation and that this transient response can be measured using gadolinium (Gd) uptake as a surrogate marker for BBB disruption. The study was performed in a Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) compliant facility and had Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) approval. IRE ablations were performed in vivo in normal rat brain (n = 21) with 1-mm electrodes (0.45 mm diameter) separated by an edge-to-edge distance of 4 mm. We used an ECM830 pulse generator to deliver ninety 50-μs pulse treatments (0, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 V/cm) at 1 Hz. The effects of applied electric fields and timing of Gd administration (-5, +5, +15, and +30 min) was assessed by systematically characterizing IRE-induced regions of cell death and BBB disruption with 7.0-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathologic evaluations. Statistical analysis on the effect of applied electric field and Gd timing was conducted via Fit of Least Squares with α = 0.05 and linear regression analysis. The focal nature of IRE treatment was confirmed with 3D MRI reconstructions with linear correlations between volume of ablation and electric field. Our results also demonstrated that IRE is an ablation technique that kills brain tissue in a focal manner depicted by MRI (n = 16) and transiently disrupts the BBB adjacent to the ablated area in a voltage-dependent manner as seen with Evan's Blue (n = 5) and Gd administration.
Improving category specific Web search by learning query modifications (2002)

Users looking for documents within specific categories may have a difficult time locating valuable documents using general purpose search engines. We present an automated method for learning query modifications that can dramatically improve precision for locating pages within specified categories using Web search engines. We also present a classification procedure that can recognize pages in a specific category with high precision, using textual content, text location and HTML structure. Evaluation shows that the approach is highly effective for locating personal homepages and calls for papers. These algorithms are used to improve category specific search in the Inquirus 2 search engine.
Large-Scale Identification, Mapping, and Genotyping of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Human Genome (1998)

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most frequent type of variation in the human genome, and they provide powerful tools for a variety of medical genetic studies. In a large-scale survey for SNPs, 2.3 megabases of human genomic DNA was examined by a combination of gel-based sequencing and high-density variation-detection DNA chips. A total of 3241 candidate SNPs were identified. A genetic map was constructed showing the location of 2227 of these SNPs. Prototype genotyping chips were developed that allow simultaneous genotyping of 500 SNPs. The results provide a characterization of human diversity at the nucleotide level and demonstrate the feasibility of large-scale identification of human SNPs.
Cyanovirin-N Inhibits Hepatitis C Virus Entry by Binding to Envelope Protein Glycans (2006)

Inhibition of viruses at the stage of viral entry provides a route for therapeutic intervention. Because of difficulties in propagating hepatitis C virus (HCV) in cell culture, entry inhibitors have not yet been reported for this virus. However, with the development of retroviral particles pseudotyped with HCV envelope glycoproteins (HCVpp) and the recent progress in amplification of HCV in cell culture (HCVcc), studying HCV entry is now possible. In addition, these systems are essential for the identification and the characterization of molecules that block HCV entry. The lectin cyanovirin-N (CV-N) has initially been discovered based on its potent activity against human immunodeficiency virus. Because HCV envelope glycoproteins are highly glycosylated, we sought to determine whether CV-N has an antiviral activity against this virus. CV-N inhibited the infectivity of HCVcc and HCVpp at low nanomolar concentrations. This inhibition is attributed to the interaction of CV-N with HCV envelope glycoproteins. In addition, we showed that the carbohydrate binding property of CV-N is involved in the anti-HCV activity. Finally, CV-N bound to HCV envelope glycoproteins and blocked the interaction between the envelope protein E2 and CD81, a cell surface molecule involved in HCV entry. These data demonstrate that targeting the glycans of HCV envelope proteins is a promising approach in the development of antiviral therapies to combat a virus that is a major cause of chronic liver diseases. Furthermore, CV-N is a new invaluable tool to further dissect the early steps of HCV entry into host cells.
Renal effects of maintenance low-dose cyclosporin A treatment in psoriasis (1994)

The renal effects of low-dose cyclosporin A (CsA) treatment in severe psoriasis was investigated in 10 patients treated with a mean CsA dose of 3.23 (range 1.94-4.10) mg/kg/day for 12 months. The psoriasis area and severity index was reduced by 63-76%. Ambulatory GFR (iothalamate-125I), ERPF (hippuran-131I), RVR and MAP were examined at 3-months intervals. A control renal biopsy was performed shortly before treatment start and a second biopsy was taken after 12 months of therapy. GFR was slightly but significantly reduced after 6 and 9 months; after 12 months the decrease was not significant (121.0 +/- 7.6 versus 115.2 +/- 7.8 ml/min/1.73M2, P > 0.10). After 12 months serum creatinine increased from 82 +/- 4 to 94 +/- 7 mumol/litre (P < 0.05), while an insignificant increase of ERPF was seen and FF decreased from 0.29 +/- 0.01 to 0.26 +/- 0.01 (P < 0.05). MAP remained unchanged. GFR and serum creatinine correlated significantly within each 3-month interval. A slight de novo interstitial fibrosis was seen in the second biopsy in 4 of 10 patients receiving a mean CsA dose of 3.2-4.1 mg/kg/day. In three of these patients a concomitant rise in serum creatinine was seen. In conclusion, low-dose CsA was associated with reversible fall in GFR and potentially progressive structural changes not always accompanied by corresponding functional alterations. One should consider reducing the daily dose of CsA to 3.0 mg/kg bodyweight or less in CsA therapy up to 1 year.
Management of Skin Abscesses in the Era of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (2014)

The incidence of abscesses is increasing, and community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become common. This review explains the role of ultrasonography and provides guidance on the management of skin abscesses and the use of antibiotics.
Efficient ambient WiFi energy harvesting technology and its applications (2012)

This paper is focused on powering wireless devices (including sensors) with high efficiency circuitry that can harvest ambient WiFi/Bluetooth energy and convert into direct current (dc). Herewith, we introduce a novel circuitry to generate a battery-like voltage from very low incoming RF energy (<;-20 dBm). The new RF energy harvesting front-end is demonstrated to have much better conversion efficiency than state-of-the-art commercial RF harvesting modules, notably for low power levels. Realization of this rectification circuitry is a game-changing technology in powering mobile devices. To verify our energy harvesting design, we carry out an experiment where our RF harvesting module provides enough power to drive a commercial temperature/humidity meter with an LCD display using nothing more than ambient WiFi signals in a typical office environment.
Renal cell cancer stage migration (2008)

A greater proportion of newly diagnosed patients with RCC currently present with stage I disease compared with earlier years. Stage predicts relative survival for patients with kidney cancer. More recently diagnosed patients have improved relative survival.
Seed-mediated growth of noble metal nanocrystals: crystal growth and shape control (2013)

Controlled synthesis of noble metal nanocrystals has received enormous attention due to the ability of tailoring the properties of nanocrystals by tuning their shape, size, and composition. The seed-mediated growth method is one of the most reliable and versatile methods to control the shapes of noble metal nanocrystals. This feature article highlights recent strategies regarding shape-controlled synthesis of noble metal nanocrystals by the seed-mediated growth method, with the aim of introducing new strategies and offering new mechanistic insights into nanocrystal shape evolution. Critical parameters affecting the nucleation and growth of noble metal NCs are systemically introduced and analyzed. New developments of extended seed-mediated growth methods were also introduced. Finally, the perspectives of future research on the seed-mediated growth method are also discussed.
Self-Assembled Monolayers as the Coating in a Quartz Piezoelectric Crystal Immunosensor To Detect Salmonella in Aqueous Solution (2001)

A new procedure based on the self-assembled monolayers (SAM) of alkanethiols was developed to immobilize antibodies onto gold electrodes of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) for detecting Salmonella paratyphi A. The procedure includes (1) chemisorption of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) at electrode surfaces to produce a carboxylic acid terminated monolayer, (2) activation by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydrosuccinimide (NHS) to generate a stable acyl amino ester intermediate, and (3) condensation of antibodies after aminolysis of the NHS adduct. Activation by two coupling agents (EDC and NHS) was shown to enhance the stability of the coating and facilitate the formation of a suitable intermediate to condense antibodies reproducibly and densely at the SAM, leading to high sensitivity and good precision of the developed immunosensor. With 50 min incubation under continuous monitoring, working ranges from 10(2) to 10(5) cells/mL with repeatability < 10% RSD were obtained. On the basis of S/N = 3, the detection limit was 1.7 x 10(2) cells/mL The MO2 piezoimmunosensor developed was specific to differentiate S. paratyphi A against Escherichia coli and other serogroups of Salmonella that are commonly present together.
Contributions of ions and albumin to the formation and resolution of ischemic brain edema (1993)

Changes in brain water, sodium, potassium, and albumin contents and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability were determined at various times between 1 hour and 6 weeks following occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in rats. In the center of the infarct, brain edema increased to a maximum level by 12 hours, remained elevated for 7 days, and then returned to normal. The change in water content was accompanied by a parallel increase in sodium and decrease in potassium contents; however, the increase in sodium always exceeded the decrease in potassium, resulting in a net gain in brain cations during edema formation which returned to normal with edema resolution. The BBB permeability to 3H-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid was increased by 24 hours after MCA occlusion and returned to normal by 1 week after the edema had resolved. The time course for changes in brain albumin content was different than that for brain edema formation. Large increases in brain albumin content were not apparent until 6 hours after the onset of ischemia, rose to a peak at 3 days after occlusion of the MCA, and returned to normal several weeks after the edema had resolved. Albumin appeared to spread from the central infarct zone to surrounding, less ischemic areas. The relative contributions of the osmotic force produced by the increase in brain cations and the oncotic force produced by the increase in brain albumin to the observed change in water content were calculated. At all time points, the increase in brain cations accounted for nearly all of the observed brain edema, while the increase in albumin played essentially no role in edema development.
IL-10 inhibits macrophage costimulatory activity by selectively inhibiting the up-regulation of B7 expression. (1993)

We have previously demonstrated that the inhibitory effects of IL-10 on ConA-induced T cell proliferation or IL-2 production by resting murine T cells were only observed when macrophages, but not when activated B cells, dendritic cells, or L cells, were used as accessory cells. To further elucidate the mechanism of action of IL-10 on the inhibition of macrophage costimulatory activity, we have used a system in which macrophages can develop into effective costimulator cells and the effect of IL-10 on this process can be studied in the absence of T cells. After fixation, resting macrophages have no costimulatory activity for soluble anti-CD3-induced T cell proliferation nor do they express the activation Ag B7/BB1. In contrast, macrophages activated by culture alone, or by culture with IFN gamma or LPS for 24 h, and then fixed, were effective accessory cells, expressed B7, and their costimulatory activity correlated with their level of cell surface B7 expression. Addition of IL-10 during the process of macrophage activation resulted in both a marked reduction in costimulatory activity and in B7 expression. IL-4 and transforming growth factor-beta that suppress many macrophage functions did not inhibit the induction of B7 expression. The inhibitory effect of IL-10 on the up-regulation of B7 was selective because the up-regulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and MHC class II Ag was not affected. Direct evidence that the lack of B7 is the relevant limiting defect for IL-10-treated macrophage accessory cell function was obtained from studies in which the costimulatory capacity of IL-10-treated macrophages could be completely restored by the addition of B7 transfected, but not nontransfected, L cells to the assays.
Design and synthesis of metabolically stable analogue of dynorphin-A. (1991)

There are two difficulties for peripherally administered peptides to display their activities in central nervous system (CNS). First, a small amount of peptide is easily inactivated by peptidases present in blood and peripheral tissues. Second, peptides that do reach CNS are also digested by proteases in CNS before binding to their specific receptors. Dynorphin-A was degraded by incubation with mouse serum and mouse brain homogenates at 37°C in the presence or absence of protease inhibitors which were used to prevent secondary degradation of fragments. With the basic knowledge of the enzyme-susceptible sites of dynorphin-A, structure-activity relationships were studied so that we were able to reach the metabolically stable analogue (E-2078) whose structure is (N-MeTyr1, N-MeArg7, D-Leu8) dynorphin-A (1-8) ethylamide. This compound showed stronger analgesic activity than morphine by peripheral administration and was successfully massproduced by the development of the new deblocking method.
Recent Patents on the Identification and Clinical Application of microRNAs and Target Genes (2007)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of small non-coding regulatory RNAs. By pairing with target mRNAs, miRNAs could inhibit translation and/or lead to the cleavage or decay of mRNAs targeted. Due to the broad targeting ability, miRNAs play critical roles in regulating diverse biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. In normal cells, the expression of tumor-suppressor genes and oncogenes is tightly regulated by complex gene regulatory networks consisting of miRNAs. The disruption of such networks could lead to various kinds of diseases, including cancers. Due to the biological and medical significances, miRNA studies become an extremely active field, and the number of patent applications related to miRNAs is growing exponentially. This review summarizes some recent published patents and relevant research advances on computational prediction and experimental identification of miRNAs and their targets, along with the potential applications of miRNAs on cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Confirmation of STAT4, IL2/IL21, and CTLA4 polymorphisms in rheumatoid arthritis (2009)

Our results replicate and firmly establish the association of STAT4 and CTLA4 with RA and provide highly suggestive evidence for IL2/IL21 loci as a risk factor for RA. Given the strong statistical power of our meta-analysis to confirm a true-positive association, these findings provide considerable support for the involvement of CTLA4 in distinct subsets of RA patients.
Reducing SoC Test Time and Test Power in Hierarchical Scan Test : Scan Architecture and Algorithms (2007)

A hierarchical or "divide-and-conquer" scan test methodology enables us to partition a large SoC into several partitions and perform design-for-testability (DFT) functions such as scan insertion, pattern generation, and pattern validation separately on individual partitions. Since the effort for DFT related tasks grows super-linearly with gate count, partitioning reduces the effort for DFT tasks. Further, test application can be divided into k + 1 modes, where k modes correspond to independent testing of the partitions and the (k + 1) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> mode corresponds to a "residual" (or daisy) mode where faults that are not covered by the individual modes are considered. In reality, however, the daisy mode can be a killer and wipe out the benefits of divide-and-conquer testing. This is especially true for partitions that do not have test wrappers. In this paper, we take up the challenge of reducing the overhead of daisy mode in divide-and-conquer testing. By a careful analysis of the interactions between partitions, additional test modes are introduced to increase the coverage of glue logic, at the same time making sure that the number of scan cells involved in these "intermediate daisy modes" are minimal. We refer to this version of hierarchical scan testing as "quiet and optimized divide-and-conquer scan". Experimental results reveal that the proposed technique reduces the test time overhead of the conventional daisy mode by about 20times. In addition, the technique drastically reduces the switching activity in the daisy modes and hence reduces the test power