gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acoustically Driven Storage of Light in a Quantum Well (1997)

The strong piezoelectric fields accompanying a surface acoustic wave on a semiconductor quantum well structure are employed to dissociate optically generated excitons and efficiently trap the created electron hole pairs in the moving lateral potential superlattice of the sound wave. The resulting spatial separation of the photogenerated ambipolar charges leads to an increase of the radiative lifetime by orders of magnitude as compared to the unperturbed excitons. External and deliberate screening of the lateral piezoelectric fields triggers radiative recombination after very long storage times at a remote location on the sample.
The Effect of a Non-Selective Lipophilic Beta-Blocker on the Blood Pressure and Noradrenaline, Vasopressin, Cortisol and Renin Release During Alcohol Withdrawal (1984)

Alcoholics during detoxification have elevated blood pressures which are related to the severity of their withdrawal symptoms. We studied the effect of a non-selective beta-blocker, timolol on symptoms, blood pressure and plasma levels of cortisol (PC), noradrenaline (NA), vasopressin (AVP) and renin activity (PRA) during alcohol withdrawal. Eighteen alcoholics, admitted for detoxification, were randomly allocated to timolol or placebo in a double blind trial. Alcohol withdrawal symptoms did not differ either before or after timolol or placebo but patients receiving timolol required less sedation with chlormethiazole. Systolic blood pressures (SBP) and pulse both fell significantly during detoxification in both groups, the change being greater with timolol. Plasma levels of cortisol, NA, AVP and PRA fell significantly, though only NA and PC correlated with initial SBP. Timolol had no effect on any of the biochemical parameters observed. The pressor response to alcohol withdrawal is reduced by beta-blockade and the height of the blood pressure is related to plasma NA and PC levels. Alcohol withdrawal hypertension is probably due to increased sympathetic activity.
Assembly of Latex Particles by Using Emulsion Droplets as Templates. 2. Ball-like and Composite Aggregates (1996)

We report data on using the emulsion-based method for the assembly of ball-like aggregates of a positively charged (amidine) latex. The latex particles are strongly hydrophobized with the use of sodium dodecyl sulfate, which induces their adsorption into the bulk of the emulsion droplets. The droplets are then sterically protected against coalescence, and the particles gathered inside them are fixed. After the emulsion droplets are dissolved, a suspension of ball-like latex aggregates is obtained. The aggregates do not appear to be ordered, but their overall shape is precisely spherical. The process of fabricating ball-like aggregates was then combined with the assembly scheme for hollow supraparticles (presented in the first paper of this series). As a result, we have been able to obtain composite particles, whose cores are ball-like aggregates of amidine latex, surrounded by a shell of negatively charged sulfate latex. The core−shell structure was visualized by fluorescent microscopy. We also report data on the fabrication of composite particles by amidine heterocoagulation over hollow spherical shells from the sulfate latex. The described methods seem applicable to the assembly of ball-like and composite aggregates from colloid species other than latex beads.
Antithrombin: facts and new hypotheses. (1998)

Antithrombin (AT) is an important inhibitor of the coagulation system, acting at many different levels of the coagulation cascade. This inhibitory action is enhanced several-fold by the glycosaminoglycan heparin. AT deficiency can be encountered in hereditary disorders, which are rare, or in acquired conditions, in which there is an excessive consumption of AT. Acquired AT deficiency is a common condition in sepsis, after major trauma or surgery, with or without associated disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). In these conditions, low levels of AT have been correlated with a poor outcome due to the development of multiple organ failure. Although supplementation with AT has been shown to attenuate the extent of organ failure in critically ill patients, it has not been possible to significantly improve the survival of these patients by administration of AT. An interesting new approach to AT treatment is based on the hypothesis that AT has specific effects that are independent of the coagulation cascade. Data from cell culture and animal experiments have demonstrated that AT can promote the endothelial production of prostacyclin and may therefore have anti-inflammatory actions. This effect is based on the interaction of AT with glycosaminoglycans in the cell membrane, and is independent of heparin. The role of AT in vessel wall antithrombogenicity is being increasingly appreciated. The concept of neointimal hyperplasia following vascular injury involves thrombin as an important mediator and thus, in addition to the anti-inflammatory effects of AT, new horizons in which AT may have an important role in the prevention of post-traumatic hyperplastic response are also evolving.
Development of antisocial personality disorder in detained youths: The predictive value of mental disorders. (2007)

Antisocial personality disorder (APD) is a serious public and mental health concern. Understanding how well conduct disorder (CD) and other mental disorders predict the development of APD among youths involved in the juvenile justice system is critical for prevention. The authors used a stratified random sample of 1,112 detained youths to examine the development of APD at a 3-year follow-up interview. Nearly one fifth of male juvenile detainees later developed APD; approximately one quarter of male juvenile detainees with CD at baseline later developed APD. Significantly more males than females developed APD; no differences were found by race/ethnicity. Having 5 or more symptoms of CD, dysthymia, alcohol use disorder, or generalized anxiety disorder was significantly associated with developing modified APD (M-APD; APD without the CD requirement). Some disorders were strong predictors of APD; however, none were adequate screeners for identifying which detainees would later develop M-APD. The findings of this study have implications for interventions and further research in developmental psychopathology.
Induced-fit movements in adenylate kinases (1992)

Adenylate kinases have an M(r) around 23,000 which classifies them among the smallest phosphoryl group transferring enzymes. In order to prevent phosphoryl transfer to water, i.e. hydrolysis, these enzymes undergo induced-fit motions on substrate binding and assemble/disassemble their catalytic centres during each reaction cycle. Details of these processes have been derived from several X-ray structure analyses. The disturbance of these analyses by crystal-packing effects is discussed.
Cleavage of the BMP-4 Antagonist Chordin by Zebrafish Tolloid (1997)

Dorsoventral patterning of vertebrate and Drosophila embryos requires bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and antagonists of BMP activity. The Drosophila gene tolloid encodes a metalloprotease similar to BMP-1 that interacts genetically with decapentaplegic, the Drosophila homolog of vertebrate BMP-2/4. Zebrafish embryos overexpressing a zebrafish homolog of tolloid were shown to resemble loss-of-function mutations in chordino, the zebrafish homolog of the Xenopus BMP-4 antagonist Chordin. Furthermore, Chordin was degraded by COS cells expressing Tolloid. These data suggest that Tolloid antagonizes Chordin activity by proteolytically cleaving Chordin. A conserved function for zebrafish and Drosophila Tolloid during embryogenesis is proposed.
Eating and Existence on an Island in Southern Uganda (2017)

This article examines contemporary ontological conflicts between people who make their living on an island with fish that are considered by fisheries managers to be “commercially extinct” and people who make their living managing “commercially important” fisheries for this region as a whole. It is an experiment in worlding, the work of wading between content and contexts to configure webs of relevant relations through which the politics of eating and existence play out along Uganda's southern littoral. By attending ethnographically to observable actions and concrete practices, I suggest that fishworkers and fisheries managers enact multiple, relatively distinct versions of food, fish, bodies of water, and fisheries. Attending to this multiplicity is crucial for rendering plausible already existing alternatives to an overdetermined future of death, depravity, and collapse that features within scholarly, popular, and policy-oriented accounts of Lake Victoria's fisheries.
DNA binding domain of GAL4 forms a binuclear metal ion complex (1990)

The transcription factor GAL4 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires Zn(II) or Cd(II) for specific recognition of the UASG sequence (Pan & Coleman, 1989). An N-terminal fragment consisting of the first 63 amino acid residues of GAL4 [GAL4(63)] has been obtained by partial tryptic proteolysis of a cloned and overproduced N-terminal domain of 149 residues, GAL(149). We show that GAL4(63) contains the minimal GAL4 DNA binding domain. GAL4(63) binds tightly 1-2 mol of Zn(II) or 2 mol of Cd(II). 113Cd NMR of 113Cd(II)-substituted GAL4(63) reveals structural identity between the metal binding domains of GAL4(63) and that of the larger precursor GAL4(149). 113Cd(II) can be substituted for the Zn(II) in GAL4(63), and two 113Cd NMR signals are observed at 706 and 669 ppm, both suggesting coordination of 113Cd(II) to three or four -S- ligands. With the exception of the N-terminal methionine, the only sulfur-containing residues are the six highly conserved cysteines. High-resolution 1H NMR of Zn(II)-GAL4(63) and Cd(II)-GAL4(63) show the two proteins to have almost identical conformations and to be present as monomers in solutions up to millimolar concentration. This leads us to postulate that GAL4 does not possess a TFIIIA-like "Zn-finger" but forms a binuclear metal cluster involving all six cysteines in a "cloverleaf"-like array. GAL4(63) contains about 60% alpha-helix, estimated from circular dichroism. Removal of the native Zn(II) causes substantial unfolding of the secondary structure. Unlike GAL4(149), the resultant apoprotein is not induced to refold by readdition of Zn(II) at low concentrations.
Comparison of the safety and immunogenicity of delta aroC delta aroD and delta cya delta crp Salmonella typhi strains in adult volunteers (1992)

Three attenuated Salmonella typhi strains have been constructed by introducing deletions in aroC and aroD or deletions in cya and crp into one of two wild-type parent strains, Ty2 or ISP1820. These mutant strains were designated CVD 906 (ISP1820 delta aroC delta aroD), CVD 908 (Ty2 delta aroC delta aroD), and chi 3927 (Ty2 delta cya delta crp). Two studies were conducted with 36 healthy adult inpatient volunteers to determine in a double-blind fashion the safety and immunogenicity of approximately 5 x 10(4) and 5 x 10(5) CFU of each of these three vaccine candidates given as a single dose. No statistically significant difference in the incidence of reactions among vaccinees was observed. Fever (oral temperature greater than or equal to 38.2 degrees C) occurred in 2 of 12 volunteers who received CVD 906, in 0 of 12 who received CVD 908, and in 1 of 12 who received chi 3927. Vaccine bacteremia without symptoms occurred in 1 of 12 vaccinees who received CVD 906, in 0 of 12 who received CVD 908, and in 2 of 12 who received chi 3927. Overall, 19 (53%) of 36 vaccinees developed immunoglobulin G antibody to S. typhi lipopolysaccharide after vaccination, with no statistically significant differences in the rate of seroconversion among volunteers in the three groups. We conclude that defined mutations in the aromatic biosynthetic pathway and in the cyclic AMP global regulatory system attenuate S. typhi. Mutant strains CVD 906, CVD 908, and chi 3927 are highly (and approximately equally) immunogenic but possibly differ in their propensity to induce fever. Further studies are needed to document the apparent relative safety of CVD 908 as a typhoid vaccine and as a vaccine carrier of foreign antigens.
25-Hydroxyvitamin D3, the prohormone of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, inhibits the proliferation of primary prostatic epithelial cells. (2000)

The hormonal metabolite of vitamin D, 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] is known to inhibit the proliferation of prostatic epithelial cells. This has stimulated interest in vitamin D compounds as therapeutic agents for prostate cancer. However, the therapeutic use of 1,25(OH)2D3 is limited because elevations in serum 1,25(OH)2D3 can cause dangerous elevations in serum calcium levels. We wondered whether the prohormone of 1,25(OH)2D3, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH-D3), which is much less calcemic, could also achieve antiproliferative effects in prostatic cells. 25-OH-D3 is converted to 1,25(OH)2D3 by the mitochondrial enzyme 1-alpha-hydroxylase. We have recently shown that human prostatic cells also possess significant 1-alpha-hydroxylase activity (Schwartz et al., Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev., 7: 391-395, 1998). We studied 1-alpha-hydroxylase gene expression in four strains of primary human prostatic epithelial cells by reverse transcription PCR amplification (RT-PCR) of 1-alpha-hydroxylase. Human prostatic stromal cells were negative for 1-alpha-hydroxylase by RT-PCR. This led us to hypothesize that 25-OH-D3 would inhibit the proliferation of prostatic epithelial cells because 25-OH-D3 would be converted to 1,25(OH)2D3 intracellularly. We studied the effects of 25-OH-D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 on the proliferation of prostatic epithelial cells using high density growth and clonal growth assays on two different primary cell strains derived from normal human prostatic peripheral zone. 25-OH-D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 each inhibited growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Growth inhibition was evident at 1 nM, and maximal inhibition was observed at 100 nM within 10-12 days of exposure. The potencies of 25-OH-D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 were not significantly different. These data demonstrate that 25-OH-D3, which previously was thought to have little biological activity, can become a potent antiproliferative hormone for prostatic cells that express 1-alpha-hydroxylase. Because 25-OH-D3 exhibits similar potency to 1,25(OH)2D3 but is less calcemic, 25-OH-D3 may offer a safer option than 1,25(OH)2D3 for prostate cancer therapy. Moreover, because 25-OH-D3 is produced endogenously from vitamin D, these findings support a potential role for vitamin D in the chemoprevention of prostate cancer.
Joke-o-Mat HD (2010)

Joke-o-mat HD is a system that allows a user to navigate sitcoms (such as Seinfeld) by "narrative themes", including scenes, punchlines, and dialog segments. The themes can be filtered by the main actors and by keyword. For example, the user can select to see only punchlines by Kramer that contain the word "armoire". The system infers the narrative themes using segmentation of the audio track into laughter, actors, words, and music. The segmentation can be generated either by an expert annotator, via automatic methods, or by exploiting human derived (HD) "found" data such as fan-generated scripts and closed captions. We demonstrate browsing one episode of Seinfeld using all three methods of generating segmentations.
5-HT receptor subtypes outside the central nervous system. Roles in the physiology of the gut. (1991)

5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors have been analyzed and related to potential roles played by 5-HT in the physiology of the enteric nervous system (ENS). Three subtypes of 5-HT receptor--5-HT1P, 5-HT3, and 5-HT1A--have been found on enteric neurons. Receptors have been identified by intracellularly recording the electrical activity of enteric neurons and by studying the binding of radioligands and polyclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies raised against antibodies to 5-HT. Radioligand binding has been assessed by rapid filtration and by radioautography. 5-HT1P receptors mediate slow depolarizations of myenteric neurons that are associated with a closure of K+ channels. These responses can be inhibited by N-acetyl-hydroxytryptophyl-5-hydroxytryptophan amide (5-HTP-DP) and by the substituted benzamide, BRL 24924. 5-HT1P-like responses can be mimicked by 5- and 6-hydroxyindalpine, by another substituted benzamide, the S stereoisomer of zacopride, and by anti-idiotypic antibodies. 5-HT1P receptors can be labeled by 3H-5-HT and 3H-5-hydroxyindalpine with high affinity and are located on neurons of both enteric plexuses and on processes of intrinsic neurons in the gastrointestinal mucosa. A similar distribution of binding sites for anti-idiotypic antibodies is revealed by immunocytochemistry. Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) mediated by 5-HT are abolished by 5-HT1P antagonists. Blockade of 5-HT1P receptors is accompanied by acceleration of the rate of gastric emptying. Mucosal application of cholera toxin activates enteric neurons in both plexuses; this action is blocked by 5-HT1P or 5-HT3 antagonists and by anti-idiotypic antibodies. 5-HT3 receptors are responsible for fast depolarizations associated with increased membrane conductance. These responses are antagonized by ICS 205-930 and mimicked by 2-methyl-5-HT and anti-idiotypic antibodies. 5-HT1A receptors have been reported to mediate hyperpolarizing responses associated with a rise in membrane conductance. Hyperpolarizing responses are also elicited by the 5-HT1A agonists, 8-hydroxy-di-n-propylaminotetralin (8-OH-DPAT) and 5-carboxyamidotryptamine. It is proposed that 5-HT1P receptors and perhaps 5-HT3 receptors are involved in initiating the peristaltic reflex and in regulating gastric emptying. No physiologic role has yet been identified for 5-HT1A receptors in the ENS.
The controlled glycosylation of a protein with a bivalent glycan: towards a new class of glycoconjugates, glycodendriproteins (2001)

The use of a novel bivalent carbohydrate modification reagent, based on a flexible, branched divalent core in a combined site-directed mutagenesis and chemical modification strategy has allowed the first controlled synthesis of a pure protein bearing a branched glycan or a first generation glycodendriprotein.
2,6‐Diamino‐4‐phenylphenol (DAPP) copolymerized polyimides: synthesis and characterization (2005)

Abstract Novel soluble copolyimides containing phenyl and hydroxyl pendant groups were synthesized from pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and two diamines, 2,6‐diamino‐4‐phenylphenol (DAPP) and 4,4′‐oxydianiline (ODA), in various ratios via thermal imidization. The structures and physical properties of the copolyimides were characterized by FTIR, elemental analysis, DSC, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), TGA, a universal testing machine for stress–strain behaviour, and a dielectric analyzer to study the effect of DAPP on the physical properties of the modified polymers. Copolyimides containing more than 40 mol% DAPP were soluble in hot N ‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and dimethylformamide (DMF), and possessed a high glass transition temperature (358 °C) and a high modulus (3.9 GPa). Introduction of the diamine DAPP could also reduce the dielectric constant. A segment of imide linkages could convert to benzoxazole linkages by decarboxylation at temperatures higher than 420 °C under vacuum. Although the heat‐treated polybenzoxazoles (PBOs) exhibited many good properties, they were found to be too rigid and brittle to be processable for microelectronic applications. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Serum levels of leptin and proinflammatory cytokines in patients with gastrointestinal cancer (2004)

The aim was to investigate the serum levels of leptin, TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, insulin, and growth hormone in patients with upper gastrointestinal cancer and cachexia. A total of 39 patients with various advanced stage (stage IV) gastrointestinal malignancies were enrolled. These cancer patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of cachexia. Fifteen healthy adults were recruited as the control group. Body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) was calculated. Serum leptin, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha interleukin (IL)-1 beta, interleukin (IL)-6, growth hormone, insulin, glucose, triglyceride, total protein, albumin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and CRP were measured. In both cancer groups (cachectic and non-cachectic) body mass index and serum leptin levels were lower than controls (p < 0.001). Serum IL-1 beta, IL-6, and growth hormone levels were higher in both cachectic and non-cachectic groups than those of controls (p < 0.05). Serum TNF-alpha level in non-cachectic group was also significantly higher than in control group (p < 0.01). There is no significant difference between three groups in terms of insulin resistance as assessed by HOMA index. Our results showed that some proinflammatory cytokine levels were increased and leptin level was decreased due to upper gastrointestinal cancers. Increased cytokine levels may lead to decreased food intake and caused a weight loss.
Therapy of gastrointestinal malignancies with an anti-Trop-2-SN-38 antibody drug conjugate (ADC) (sacituzumab govitecan): Phase I/II clinical experience. (2015)

3546 Background: Sacituzumab govitecan (IMMU-132) is a conjugate of a humanized anti-Trop-2 (trophoblast cell-surface antigen) coupled site-specifically to SN-38 (7.6 moles SN-38/IgG), an active metabolite of irinotecan, using a proprietary linker. Trop-2 is widely expressed in most epithelial cancers, including gastrointestinal (GI) tumors, and therefore the safety and efficacy of this new ADC is being examined in esophageal (EAC), gastric (GC), pancreatic (PC), and colorectal cancers (CRC). Methods: A Phase I/II clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01631552) was initiated in patients with diverse epithelial cancers, administering IMMU-132 i.v. on days 1 and 8 of 21-day treatment cycles. Treatment was continued based on tolerance or until progression. Results: In Phase I, 23 assessable pts were given 8, 10, 12, or 18 mg/kg. Dose-limiting neutropenia occurred at 18 mg/kg. For Phase II, enrollment was expanded to multiple cycles of 8 and 10 mg/kg. Safety data from 123 patients given 8-10 mg/kg showed neutropenia (G3, 18%; G4, 6%), febrile neutropenia (G3, 2%; G4, 2%), but only 3% G3 diarrhea (no G4). Other G3 toxicities included anemia (6%), fatigue (5%), leucopenia (2%), vomiting (2%), and asthenia (1%). No pt developed antibodies to the ADC. Among assessable patients by RECIST 1.1, of 15 EAC pts (median 3 prior therapies), 2 had PR (1 confirmed, duration 6 mo, 1 continuing; 13% ORR), and 7 (46%) SD (median time to progression (TTP) = 5.0 mo). All 3 GC pts had SD (one continuing for 11 mo). Of 14 PC pts (median 2 prior therapies), 7 (50%) had SD with a median TTP of 3.4 mo. In 26 CRC pts (median 4 prior therapies), there was 1 PR (confirmed, duration 10 mo), 14 SD (54%), and a median TTP of 5.1 mo. Conclusions: Repeated cycles of IMMU-132 monotherapy are well tolerated with seemingly more favorable neutropenia and diarrhea rates compared to irinotecan. Objective responses in esophageal cancer and extended stabilization in colorectal cancers are encouraging for this monotherapy. The manageable toxicity and promising disease control in these pts warrant further study in combination with other appropriate agents for GI malignancies. Clinical trial information: NCT01631552.
Four peptide hormones’ specific decrease (up to 97%) of human prostate carcinoma cells (2005)

These results indicate that these peptide hormones' anticancer effects are specific. Furthermore, they have very potent effects of eliminating up to 97% of prostate cancer cells within 24 h of treatment.