gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation in Fibrin Gels in Vitro (2006)

This study analyzed human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) behavior in a fibrin sealant. hMSC morphology, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation were analyzed after up to 28 days of incubation in eight different formulations of fibrin gels (Tisseel) prepared with various concentrations of fibrinogen complex (FC) and thrombin. Cell morphology and distribution within the gels were observed by fluorescence microscopy after cell staining with calcein dye. Cell proliferation was assessed by measuring the fluorescence intensity of the cell suspension stained with calcein dye after dissolution of the gels. A standard alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, von Kossa staining, and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to analyze hMSC osteogenic differentiation. Cell behavior varied depending on the gel formulation. Proliferation was higher in the formulations containing a low FC concentration, but ALP activity was higher in the formulations containing a high FC concentration. Variations in thrombin concentration had a lesser effect. Small nodules of mineralization were observed at days 21 and 28 in a formulation containing a high FC concentration, in addition to a marked increase in bone sialoprotein (BSP) gene expression level as well as a lower increase in ALP and osteopontin (OPN) levels. However, there was no significant increase in osteocalcin (OCN) expression, a late marker of osteogenic differentiation, up to day 28. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that hMSC morphology, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation in fibrin gels depended on the FC/thrombin ratio. hMSCs appeared to undergo osteogenic differentiation when seeded in Tisseel fibrin sealant containing a high FC concentration, but they did not fully differentiate into mature osteoblasts.
CD3+4−8−WT31− (T cell receptor γ+) cells and other unusual phenotypes are frequently detected among spontaneously interleukin 2‐responsive T lymphocytes present in the joint fluid in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. A clonal analysis (1987)

T lymphocytes (E rosetting cells) isolated from the joint fluid of four patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) were first analyzed for surface antigen expression. Approximately 15% of cells were CD25+ (interleukin, IL, 2 receptor positive), in addition, a remarkable proportion of cells expressed the CD2+3- phenotype. CD3+ cells outnumbered the sum of CD4+ and CD8+ cells as well as the cells reactive with the WT31 monoclonal antibody (which recognizes a framework determinant of the alpha/beta T cell receptor). Purified T cells were cloned under culture conditions (1% phytohemagglutinin, PHA plus IL2) which allow clonal expansion of most peripheral blood T lymphocytes. Under these conditions proliferating cells ranged from 25 to 65%; clones (derived from microcultures containing 0.5 or 0.25 cells/well) were tested for cytolytic activity against P815 cells (in the presence of PHA) or against the natural killer (NK)-sensitive K562 target cells. Fifty-four percent and 73% of clones obtained from the two patients with the polyarticular form of the disease displayed cytolytic activity in the lectin-dependent assay. Cytolytic clones were 22 and 29% in the two patients with single joint involvement. About half of all cytolytic clones displayed NK-like activity. Surface antigen analysis revealed that, in addition to conventional CD3+4+8- and CD3+4-8+, a noticeable fraction of clones (50/202) displayed unusual surface phenotypes. In particular, 33/50 coexpressed CD4 and CD8 antigens; 7/50 were CD2+3-4-8- and displayed NK-like activity; 10/50 expressed CD3 but lacked both CD4 and CD8 antigen and did not react with the WT31 monoclonal antibody. In order to allow selective growth of IL2-responsive cells, T lymphocytes were also cloned directly in IL2. As much as 57% of all clones thus obtained (48/84) displayed cytolytic activity. Moreover, about half expressed unusual surface phenotypes including CD2+3-4-8-, CD3+4+8+ and CD3+4-8-WT31-. Given the accumulation at the site of the joint involvement of unusual T cells, most of which displayed cytolytic activity and were likely to represent cells activated in vivo (IL2 responsive), one may speculate that these cells may be involved in the injury process.
MALDI‐TOF MS for quantification of substrates and products in cultivations of Corynebacterium glutamicum (2001)

The application of MALDI-TOF MS for the quantification of lysine, alanine, and glucose is described. The method is based on using stable isotopes as internal standards and allows fast, sensitive, and reproducible quantification of these compounds. It is demonstrated for aqueous standard solutions with concentrations of the analytes between 10 μM and 100 mM. The mean standard deviations from five replicates each were 4.3% (lysine), 3.7% (alanine), and 3.2% (glucose). In addition, sucrose could be measured by MALDI-TOF MS, but was not quantified due to lack of an internal standard. The method developed can be applied to quantify metabolites in cultivations of C. glutamicum ATCC 21253, without processing of the sample except a 1:5 dilution. Excellent agreement of the data with conventional techniques like HPLC or enzyme assay was found. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 72: 642–647, 2001.
BLADDER RECONSTITUTION WITH BONE MARROW DERIVED STEM CELLS SEEDED ON SMALL INTESTINAL SUBMUCOSA IMPROVES MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR COMPOSITION (2005)

Bladder reconstitution occurs more rapidly using stem cell seeded SIS. Although in USG and SSG all 3 cellular constituents appear to develop by 3 months, only SSG had gene expression levels similar to those in controls. The results suggest an explanation for the fibrosis noted in unseeded SIS bladder augmentations and the possible solution using stem cells.
Preconceptual Administration of an Alphavirus Replicon UL83 (pp65 Homolog) Vaccine Induces Humoral and Cellular Immunity and Improves Pregnancy Outcome in the Guinea Pig Model of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection (2007)

Development of a vaccine against congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a major public health priority. We report the use of a propagation-defective, single-cycle, RNA replicon vector system, derived from an attenuated strain of the alphavirus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, to produce virus-like replicon particles (VRPs) expressing GP83, the guinea pig CMV (GPCMV) homolog of the human CMV pp65 phosphoprotein. Vaccination with VRP-GP83 induced antibodies and CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses in GPCMV-seronegative female guinea pigs. Guinea pigs immunized with VRP-GP83 vaccine or with a VRP vaccine expressing influenza hemagglutinin (VRP-HA) were bred for pregnancy and subsequent GPCMV challenge during the early third trimester. Dams vaccinated with VRP-GP83 had improved pregnancy outcomes, compared with dams vaccinated with the VRP-HA control. For VRP-GP83-vaccinated dams, there were 28 live pups and 4 dead pups (13% mortality) among 10 evaluable litters, compared with 9 live pups and 12 dead pups (57% mortality) among 8 evaluable litters in the VRP-HA-vaccinated group (P<.001, Fisher's exact test). Improved pregnancy outcome was accompanied by reductions in maternal blood viral load, measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. These results indicate that cell-mediated immune responses directed against a CMV matrix protein can protect against congenital CMV infection and disease.
Total Synthesis of the Pseudopterane (−)-Kallolide B, the Enantiomer of Natural (+)-Kallolide B (1996)

A total synthesis of the enantiomer 35 of kallolide B was achieved starting from (S)-(−)-perillyl alcohol (8). Oxidative cleavage to the ester aldehyde 11 was effected by treatment of the epoxide 9 with H5IO6 followed by CH2N2. The allenyl ketone 13, obtained by SnCl2-promoted addition of 1-bromo-2-butyne to aldehyde 11 and subsequent Swern oxidation, cyclized to the furan 14 in the presence of catalytic AgNO3. Homologation of the derived aldehyde 15 with CBr4−Ph3P followed by n-BuLi and CH2O led to the propargylic alcohol 17. Formylation of the furan 17 (s-BuLi, DMF) and then Still−Horner−Emmons homologation yielded the (Z)-conjugated ester 22. Conversion of the propargylic alcohol function to the chloride 23 and ester reduction (DIBAL-H) furnished the chloro alcohol 24, which formed the cyclic ether 25 upon treatment with NaH. Ether 25 underwent a highly diastereoselective [2,3]Wittig ring contraction to the propargylic alcohol 26. The derived mesylate 36 was converted to the allenic ester 37 with CO and TMSCH2CH2OH in the presence of Pd(PPh3)4. Ester 37 was isomerized to the diastereomer 39 with Ph3P in CH3CN. Ester cleavage with TBAF followed by cyclization of the acid intermediate with catalytic AgNO3 led to butenolide 35, identical to kallolide B according to comparison of NMR spectra, but of opposite optical rotation.
Multi-bid auctions for bandwidth allocation in communication networks (2004)

In this paper, we design a bandwidth pricing mechanism that solves congestion problems in communication networks. The scheme is based on second-price auctions, which are known to be incentive compatible when a single indivisible item is to he sold (users have no interest to lie about the price they are willing to pay for the resource) and to lead to an efficient allocation of resources in the sense that it maximizes social welfare. We prove these properties when an infinitely divisible resource (bandwidth on a communication link) is to he shared among users who are allowed to submit several bids when they want to establish a connection. Our scheme is highly related to the progressive second price auction of Lazar and Semret where players bid sequentially until an (optimal) equilibrium is reached. While keeping their incentive compatibility and efficiency properties, our scheme presents the advantage that the multibid is submitted once only, saving a lot of signalization overhead.
Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α on Antimitogenicity and Cell Cycle-related Proteins in MCF-7 Cells (1995)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) demonstrated antimitogenic activity in MCF-7 cells (estrogen receptor-positive human breast cancer cells) in a dose- and time-dependent manner (EC-50 of 2.5 ng/ml). This antimitogenic effect of TNF-alpha was accompanied by a decreased number of cells in S phase in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Based on growth arrest experiments using aphidicolin, it is apparent that TNF-alpha acted in early G1 phase. It did not show antimitogenic effects once cells reentered the S phase based on [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA and cell cycle analysis. Specificity of TNF-alpha was established by using monoclonal anti-human TNF-alpha antibody. On the basis of Western immunoblot analysis of Rb, p53 and cell cycle inhibitory protein (Cip1) (p21) proteins, TNF-alpha decreased Rb protein expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner whereas it increased the expression level of tumor suppressor p53 protein. TNF-alpha also increased the expression level of Cip1 (p21) protein in a dose-dependent manner. This induction of Cip1 (p21) protein was preceded by the induction of p53 protein in MCF-7 cells. Cip1 (p21) protein associated with cyclin D was also increased. Tumor suppressor Rb protein expression was increased during G1 to S phase progression. Cyclin D protein expression levels were not changed in response to TNF-alpha treatment, although serine/threonine kinase inhibitors such as H7 and the protein kinase C inhibitor staurosporine decreased cyclin D expression levels in MCF-7 cells. Based on experiments with staurosporine, it appears that TNF-alpha does not utilize a protein kinase C pathway in MCF-7 cells. Other cell cycle-related proteins such as Cdk2, Cdc2, and Cdk4 did not show any change in response to TNF-alpha. TNF-alpha did not affect complexes between cyclin D and Cdk2, Cdk4, and Rb proteins in MCF-7 cells. Taken together these results suggest that Rb, p53, and Cip1 (p21) proteins mediate TNF-alpha antimitogenic activity, and TNF-alpha induces growth arrest in the G1 phase in MCF-7 cells.
The Reaction between Organic Magnesium Compounds and Alpha Bromo Ketones. II (1935)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction between Organic Magnesium Compounds and Alpha Bromo Ketones. IIE. P. Kohler and M. TishlerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1935, 57, 1, 217–224Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1935Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1935https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01304a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01304a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views267Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Parkinson's Disease α-Synuclein Transgenic Mice Develop Neuronal Mitochondrial Degeneration and Cell Death (2006)

Alpha-synuclein (alpha-Syn) is enriched in nerve terminals. Two mutations in the alpha-Syn gene (Ala53--> Thr and Ala30--> Pro) occur in autosomal dominant familial Parkinson's disease. Mice overexpressing the human A53T mutant alpha-Syn develop a severe movement disorder, paralysis, and synucleinopathy, but the mechanisms are not understood. We examined whether transgenic mice expressing human wild-type or familial Parkinson's disease-linked A53T or A30P mutant alpha-syn develop neuronal degeneration and cell death. Mutant mice were examined at early- to mid-stage disease and at near end-stage disease. Age-matched nontransgenic littermates were controls. In A53T mice, neurons in brainstem and spinal cord exhibited large axonal swellings, somal chromatolytic changes, and nuclear condensation. Spheroid eosinophilic Lewy body-like inclusions were present in the cytoplasm of cortical neurons and spinal motor neurons. These inclusions contained human alpha-syn and nitrated synuclein. Motor neurons were depleted (approximately 75%) in A53T mice but were affected less in A30P mice. Axonal degeneration was present in many regions. Electron microscopy confirmed the cell and axonal degeneration and revealed cytoplasmic inclusions in dendrites and axons. Some inclusions were degenerating mitochondria and were positive for humanalpha-syn. Mitochondrial complex IV and V proteins were at control levels, but complex IV activity was reduced significantly in spinal cord. Subsets of neurons in neocortex, brainstem, and spinal cord ventral horn were positive for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated UTP nick end labeling, cleaved caspase-3, and p53. Mitochondria in neurons had terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated UTP nick end labeling-positive matrices and p53 at the outer membrane. Thus, A53T mutant mice develop intraneuronal inclusions, mitochondrial DNA damage and degeneration, and apoptotic-like death of neocortical, brainstem, and motor neurons.
Mining, Quarrying, Metallurgy, and Mineral Products (2013)

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Current Status of Anti-SARS Agents (2005)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a disease that has newly emerged in the 21st century, and is both severe and highly contagious. SARS first surfaced in late 2002 and spread within a few months from its origin in Guandong province, China, to more than 30 countries (World Health Organization, 2003). In this review, several antiviral substances shown to be active in vitro will be introduced and summarized in the order of the virus' replication steps; that is, binding to cellular receptor, fusion and entry to the cells, viral RNA replication and transcription, protein processing and so on. The possible clinical use of several synthetic peptides, including those that mimic the S-binding domain, the HR2 fusion protein and SARS proteinase substrates, will be discussed. Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) and established drugs, such as interferons and HIV proteinase inhibitors, are also discussed in relation to anti-SARS clinical use.
Chewing areca nut as an independent risk factor for proteinuria in middle‐aged men (2012)

No previous large-scale research has reported the association of chewing areca nut (AN) with proteinuria. The aim of this study was to investigate such an association in men over a 7-year study. In this cross-sectional research, we retrospectively reviewed the records of health check-ups in a community hospital setting from 2003 to 2009. Laboratory tests, medical histories, and the status of smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol, and chewing AN were obtained for each participant. Proteinuria was defined as having +/- or heavier protein response (including +/- to 4+) in a urine test performed by an automated chemical analyzer. We compared characteristics in participants with and without proteinuria, and analyzed the adjusted risk for proteinuria with chewing AN in middle-aged men. We also compared the changes in adjusted risk for proteinuria under a stricter definition of proteinuria (≥ 1+ proteinuria). There were 11,991 men with a mean age of 58.94 ± 12.06 years. The prevalence of proteinuria in AN chewers was 13.7%, and 11.2% for non-chewers (p = 0.005). Of the 1381 participants with proteinuria, the proportion chewing AN was 15.3%, and 12.6% for those without proteinuria (p = 0.005). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis with three different levels of adjustment models, with adjustment factors for age, drinking, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, body mass index, chronic kidney disease, anemia, liver dysfunction, and hyperuricemia, the odds ratios of proteinuria for chewing AN were 1.61, 1.55 and 1.40 (all p = 0.000). With the stricter definition of proteinuria, the odds ratios became weaker (1.40, 1.36 and 1.19; p = 0.009, 0.029 and 0.24). We concluded that chewing AN was independently associated with risk of proteinuria in middle-aged Chinese men.
Coherent Multiheterodyne Spectroscopy Using Stabilized Optical Frequency Combs (2008)

The broadband, coherent nature of narrow-linewidth fiber frequency combs is exploited to measure the full complex spectrum of a molecular gas through multiheterodyne spectroscopy. We measure the absorption and phase shift experienced by each of 155 000 individual frequency-comb lines, spaced by 100 MHz and spanning from 1495 to 1620 nm, after passing through hydrogen cyanide gas. The measured phase spectrum agrees with the Kramers-Kronig transformation of the absorption spectrum. This technique can provide a full complex spectrum rapidly, over wide bandwidths, and with hertz-level accuracy.
Hierarchy of polyadenylation site usage by bovine papillomavirus in transformed mouse cells (1993)

The great majority of viral mRNAs in mouse C127 cells transformed by bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV) have a common 3' end at the early polyadenylation site which is 23 nucleotides (nt) downstream of a canonical poly(A) consensus signal. Twenty percent of BPV mRNA from productively infected cells bypasses the early polyadenylation site and uses the late polyadenylation site approximately 3,000 nt downstream. To inactivate the BPV early polyadenylation site, the early poly(A) consensus signal was mutated from AAUAAA to UGUAAA. Surprisingly, this mutation did not result in significant read-through expression of downstream RNA. Rather, RNA mapping and cDNA cloning experiments demonstrate that virtually all of the mutant RNA is cleaved and polyadenylated at heterogeneous sites approximately 100 nt upstream of the wild-type early polyadenylation site. In addition, cells transformed by wild-type BPV harbor a small population of mRNAs with 3' ends located in this upstream region. These experiments demonstrate that inactivation of the major poly(A) signal induces preferential use of otherwise very minor upstream poly(A) sites. Mutational analysis suggests that polyadenylation at the minor sites is controlled, at least in part, by UAUAUA, an unusual variant of the poly(A) consensus signal approximately 25 nt upstream of the minor polyadenylation sites. These experiments indicate that inactivation of the major early polyadenylation signal is not sufficient to induce expression of the BPV late genes in transformed mouse cells.
Validation of Near-Field Ground-Penetrating Radar Modeling Using Full-Wave Inversion for Soil Moisture Estimation (2014)

We present validation results of a new ground-penetrating radar (GPR) near-field model for determining the electrical properties and correlated water content of a sand using both frequency- and time-domain radars. The radar antennas are intrinsically characterized using an equivalent set of infinitesimal source/field points and characteristic functions of antennas, which were determined using measurements with the antenna at different distances from a copper plane. The antenna radiation was modeled using six source and field points, which was found to be a good compromise between high modeling accuracy and computing efficiency. We validated our model by inverting GPR data to predict the water content of a sand layer subject to seven levels of saturation. A soil dielectric mixing model was integrated into the full-wave GPR inverse modeling to directly estimate the water content and to account for the frequency dependence of the electrical properties. Although the quality of the fit slightly decreased as the antenna approached the sand surface, the results showed a close agreement between measured and modeled data, resulting in accurate estimation of the water content. The average errors of all water content estimates were 0.012 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> /cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> for the frequency domain and 0.016 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> /cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> for the time-domain GPR. However, the accuracy reduced when the sand became wet. By performing numerical simulations, we found that it is due to the vertical heterogeneity of soil moisture under the effect of the hydrostatic pressure. We also showed that the GPR inversion with the multilayered soil model could account for this heterogeneity and improved the agreement between the modeled and measured GPR data as well as the accuracy of soil moisture estimation. As for the frequency dependence of the electrical properties, in the frequency ranges of both GPR systems, while the dielectric permittivity was approximately constant, the apparent conductivity exponentially increased with increasing frequency. The success of the calibration and validation in laboratory conditions demonstrates a great potential for practical applications of the radar model, notably for the digital soil mapping and nondestructive testing of materials.