gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bacteriophage P1 cloning system for the isolation, amplification, and recovery of DNA fragments as large as 100 kilobase pairs. (1990)

The development of a bacteriophage P1 cloning system capable of accepting DNA fragments as large as 100 kilobase pairs (kbp) is described. The vectors used in this system contain a P1 packaging site (pac) to package vector and cloned DNA into phage particles, two P1 loxP recombination sites to cyclize the packaged DNA once it has been injected into a strain of Escherichia coli containing the P1 Cre recombinase, a kanr gene to select bacterial clones containing the cyclized DNA, a P1 plasmid replicon to stably maintain that DNA in E. coli at one copy per cell chromosome, and a lac promoter-regulated P1 lytic replicon to amplify the DNA before it is reisolated. An essential feature of the cloning system is a two-stage in vitro packaging reaction that packages vector DNA containing cloned inserts into phage particles that can deliver their DNA to E. coli with near unit efficiency. The packaging reaction can generate 10(5) clones with high molecular weight DNA inserts per microgram of vector DNA. Using NotI fragments from E. coli DNA, it was shown that the system can clone 95- and 100-kbp fragments but not a 106-kbp fragment. Presumably, the combined size of the latter fragment and the vector DNA (13 kbp) exceeds the headful capacity of P1.
Design of a 2.4GHz power amplifier (2015)

This paper presents the design of a 2.4GHz power amplifier (PA) with high efficiency and the PA is implemented in 0.18μm RF CMOS process. Differential structure is used to reduce the effect of source inductance on the circuit. Output matching network is designed to reduce the chip area. Test results show that with the supply voltage 1V, the maximum output power is about 8dBm, and the maximum PAE is 19%. When the input power is -10dBm, S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> is lower than -23dB, and S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">22</sub> is lower than -9dB.
Oxidation of 9-Xanthenones with Lead(IV) Acetate. Formation of Di-γ-lactones (1983)

Abstract The oxidation of 9-xanthenones with lead(IV) acetate afforded 3a,3b,6a,12b-tetrahydro-2H-difuro[3,2-a:3′,2′-c]xanthene-2,5,7(3H,6H)-triones in addition to other products. Characterization of the di-γ-lactones and the difference between the oxidation reaction of lead(IV) and manganese(III) acetates in the 9-xanthenone system are discussed.
Depolarization effects in human tissue investigated with transversal PS-OCT (2005)

A great variety of tissues can be distinguished on the basis of its response to illumination with polarized light. In this study we used a phase resolved polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) system to investigate depolarization effects of different human tissues. The instrument which is based on a transversal scanning of the sample measures backscattered intensity, retardation and fast axis orientation, simultaneously. Skin, iris, and retina of healthy human volunteers were measured with our system. A depth resolution down to few micrometers could be achieved in skin and anterior eye segment. Different tissues could be classified into birefringent, polarization preserving and depolarizing tissue.
Word Autocorrelation Redundancy Match (WARM) Technology (1982)

Word Autocorrelation Redundancy Match (WARM) is an intelligent facsimile technology which compresses the image of textual documents at nominally 145:1 by use of complex symbol matching on both the word and character level. At the word level, the complex symbol match rate is enhanced by the redundancy of the word image. This creates a unique image compression capability that allows a document to be scanned for the 150 most common words, which make up roughly 50% of the text by usage, and upon their match the words are replaced for storage/transmission by a word identification number. The remaining text is scanned to achieve compaction at the character level and compared to both a previously stored library and a dynamically built library of complex symbol (character) shapes. Applying the complex symbol matching approach at both the word and character levels results in greater efficiency than is achievable by state of the art CCITT methods.
[Fever and chills due to leptospirosis after travel to Thailand]. (2001)

Two weeks after rafting on a river in Thailand a Dutch 54-year-old male experienced chills and high fever. While rafting he had wounded his hand. Because of the history (water contact, the wound, high fever with chills), of the findings at examination (fever, conjunctivitis) and of the laboratory findings (leukocytosis, albuminuria, disturbance of liver enzymes), a clinical diagnosis of 'leptospirosis' was made. This was confirmed by serological tests and culturing of Leptospirae from the blood. Leptospirosis is a zoonosis, in man associated with certain occupations, water sports and inundations. The clinical picture varies from a mild febrile disease (sometimes pyrexia of unknown origin) to a severe condition with kidney and liver failure, bleeding tendency, lung oedema (Weil's syndrome). In travellers with fever, water contact, leukocytosis and neutrophilia, leptospirosis must be considered and specific diagnostic tests applied.
Localization of Oxytocin Binding Sites in the Thoracic and Upper Lumbar Spinal Cord of the Adult and Postnatal Rat: A Histoautoradiographic Study (1994)

Oxytocin binding sites were detected by autoradiography on films and emulsion-coated sections in the spinal cord of adult and postnatal rats from C8 to L2, using a highly selective 125I-labelled oxytocin antagonist. Oxytocin binding sites were detected on all transverse sections in the dorsal horn, where labelling was scattered over laminae I and II. The autonomic areas, i.e. the intermediolateral cell column, the central grey (lamina X) and the nucleus intercalatus were labelled. Binding in the intermediolateral cell column was most frequently observed on sections from T9 to T11 in adult and T7 to T8 in postnatal rats. In this location, oxytocin binding sites were highly concentrated on cell bodies of putative sympathetic preganglionic neurons; however, not all of these cells were labelled. Diffuse labelling occurred on the dorsal part of the central grey, mainly between T8 and L2. Isolated labelled cells belonging to the nucleus intercalatus were scattered between the central canal and the intermediolateral cell column. In addition, oxytocin binding sites were found on some motoneurons of the lateral group of T12-T13, but only in postnatal rats. The distribution of oxytocin binding sites in the rat spinal cord coincides with that of the oxytocin innervation and strongly suggests a modulatory role of this peptide in sensory and autonomic functions.
Homologues of the engrailed gene from five molluscan classes (1995)

We used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify, clone, and sequence 10 engrailed homeodomains from 8 species in the five major molluscan classes, including the serially organized chiton (Polyplacophora) lineage. The Drosophila melanogaster gene engrailed (en) is one of several genes involved in embryonic segment polarity determination. Studies of engrailed sequence and expression in molluscs are of interest due to questions regarding the evolution and homology of segmentation in these taxa. Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence comparisons reflect evolutionary conservation within helices of the en homeodomain and ancient divergences in the region 3' to the homeodomain.
An improved prestack hydrocarbon detection method based on frequency decomposition and spectral decomposition (2018)

Pre-stack hydrocarbon detection technology has been difficult to apply in Bohai Oilfield, mainly due to nonamplitude-preserved caused by absorption and attenuation. We have found that low-frequency component of gather still retains correct AVO trend due to its relatively weaker absorption and attenuation, but has limited resolution. To ensure correct AVO trend, and also improve the resolution of hydrocarbon detection, we proposed a pre-stack hydrocarbon detection method based on frequency decomposition and spectral decomposition in this paper. Low-frequency gather was obtained by frequency decomposition technology and its AVO trend was used to constrain and reduce the energy of high-frequency gather to ensure the correct AVO rule of the reconstructed gather. And then, spectral decomposition technology was used to improve seismic resolution effectively. The forward modeling and actual data both showed that this technology could effectively solve the problem of inconsistency of AVO response between logging and seismic in study area. The drilling result showed that it was in good agreement with hydrocarbon detection result, and also oil and gas plane distribution with the geological laws. Our hydrocarbon detection results provided a strong support for site deployment of new well. Presentation Date: Thursday, October 18, 2018 Start Time: 8:30:00 AM Location: 209A (Anaheim Convention Center) Presentation Type: Oral
Iron-, Cobalt-, and Nickel-Catalyzed Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation and Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Ketones (2015)

Chiral alcohols are important building blocks in the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries. The enantioselective reduction of prochiral ketones catalyzed by transition metal complexes, especially asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) and asymmetric hydrogenation (AH), is one of the most efficient and practical methods for producing chiral alcohols. In both academic laboratories and industrial operations, catalysts based on noble metals such as ruthenium, rhodium, and iridium dominated the asymmetric reduction of ketones. However, the limited availability, high price, and toxicity of these critical metals demand their replacement with abundant, nonprecious, and biocommon metals. In this respect, the reactions catalyzed by first-row transition metals, which are more abundant and benign, have attracted more and more attention. As one of the most abundant metals on earth, iron is inexpensive, environmentally benign, and of low toxicity, and as such it is a fascinating alternative to the precious metals for catalysis and sustainable chemical manufacturing. However, iron catalysts have been undeveloped compared to other transition metals. Compared with the examples of iron-catalyzed asymmetric reduction, cobalt- and nickel-catalyzed ATH and AH of ketones are even seldom reported. In early 2004, we reported the first ATH of ketones with catalysts generated in situ from iron cluster complex and chiral PNNP ligand. Since then, we have devoted ourselves to the development of ATH and AH of ketones with iron, cobalt, and nickel catalysts containing novel chiral aminophosphine ligands. In our study, the iron catalyst containing chiral aminophosphine ligands, which are expected to control the stereochemistry at the metal atom, restrict the number of possible diastereoisomers, and effectively transfer chiral information, are successful catalysts for enantioselective reduction of ketones. Among these novel chiral aminophosphine ligands, 22-membered macrocycle P2N4 exhibited extraordinary enantioselectivities when combined with iron(0) cluster Fe3(CO)12. A broad scope of ketones including aromatic, heteroaromatic, and β-ketoesters can be reduced smoothly with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee) approaching or exceeding those achievable with the noble metal catalysts. Notably, the chiral iron-based catalyst proved to be highly efficient for both ATH as well as AH of various ketones. Until now, such "universal" catalyst is very rare. Preliminary studies suggest that the AH reaction most likely involved iron particles as the active catalytic species. These research results point to a new direction in developing viable effective nonprecious metal catalysts for asymmetric reduction and probably for other asymmetric catalytic reactions as well.
Prevention of the onset and progression of collagen‐induced arthritis in rats by the potent p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase inhibitor FR167653 (2003)

FR167653 prevents the onset of arthritis in a prophylactic treatment model and suppresses the progression of joint destruction in a therapeutic treatment model, suggesting that p38 MAPK is a potential therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis.
B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Evidence for the t(14;18) Translocation in All Hematopoietic Cell Lineages (1996)

Given that the t(14;18) chromosomal translocation was found in all types of bone marrow cells when only the B cells were malignant, our results suggest that this translocation is not sufficient to induce neoplastic transformation. This finding underscores the need for the development of new approaches for the detection and surveillance of B-NHL.
CpG DNA: A potent signal for growth, activation, and maturation of human dendritic cells (1999)

DNA molecules containing unmethylated CpG-dinucleotides in particular base contexts ("CpG motifs") are excellent adjuvants in rodents, but their effects on human cells have been less clear. Dendritic cells (DCs) form the link between the innate and the acquired immune system and may influence the balance between T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 immune responses. We evaluated the effects of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides alone or in combination with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF) on different classes of purified human DCs. For primary dendritic precursor cells isolated from human blood, CpG oligonucleotides alone were superior to GMCSF in promoting survival and maturation (CD83 expression) as well as expression of class II MHC and the costimulatory molecules CD40, CD54, and CD86 of DCs. Both CD4-positive and CD4-negative peripheral blood dendritic precursor cells responded to CpG DNA which synergized with GMCSF but these DCs showed little response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In contrast, monocyte-derived DCs did not respond to CpG, but they were highly sensitive to LPS, suggesting an inverse correlation between CpG and LPS sensitivity in different subsets of DCs. Compared with GMCSF, CpG-treated peripheral blood DCs showed enhanced functional activity in the mixed lymphocyte reaction and induced T cells to secrete increased levels of Th1 cytokines. These findings demonstrate the ability of specific CpG motifs to strongly activate certain subsets of human DCs to promote Th1-like immune responses, and support the use of CpG DNA-based trials for immunotherapy against cancer, allergy, and infectious diseases.
Fabrication of refractive microlens in hybrid SiO2/TiO2 sol-gel glass by electron beam lithography (2003)

We present the fabrication of a refractive microlens in hybrid SiO2/TiO2 sol-gel glass by electron beam lithography. The hybrid sol-gel material has high transmittance (greater than 95%) in the wavelength range from 362nm to 2000nm. Under the electron beam exposure, the polymerized film thickness was as large as 4 mm. A 3D microlens profile can be formed by exposure of the sol-gel film under different electron dosages that leads to different polymerized film thickness after development. As an example, a microlens with a 250 microm diameter and a 2.05 microm sag height was fabricated.
Long‐term safety and maintenance of clinical improvement following treatment with anakinra (recombinant human interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Extension phase of a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial (2002)

The clinical benefits of treatment with daily self-administered subcutaneous injections of anakinra in a cohort of patients with active RA were maintained for up to 48 weeks. Anakinra was well tolerated over 76 weeks. These observations support the long-term use of anakinra for the treatment of patients with RA.
Ruby on Rails (2007)

Ruby on Rails is a novel Web 2.0 application development framework that attempts to combine PHP's simple immediacy with Java's architecture, purity, and quality.
Targeted disruption of caspase genes in mice: What they tell us about the functions of individual caspases in apoptosis (1999)

Cysteine proteases of the caspase family are crucial mediators of apoptosis. All mammalian cells contain a large number of caspases. Although many caspases are activated in a cell committed to apoptosis, recent data from caspase gene knockout mice suggest that individual caspases may be involved in the cell and stimulus-specific pathways of cell death. The gene disruption studies also establish the functional hierarchy between two structurally distinct classes of caspases. The present review discusses these recent findings and elaborates on how these mutant mouse models have helped the understanding of the mechanisms that govern programmed cell death in the immune and other systems.
Ecteinascidins:  Putative Biosynthetic Precursors and Absolute Stereochemistry (1996)

New bioactive ecteinascidins (Et's) 597 (1), 583 (2), 594 (3), and 596 (4)putative biosynthetic precursors of previously described Et's [e.g., Et 743 (5)]were isolated from the Caribbean tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinata. Structures assigned to these compounds based on spectroscopic data represent a novel series of Et's with l-cysteine or its α-oxo analog as unit C. The absolute configuration of the l-Cys unit of 1 was assigned by chiral GC, while a 2D ROESY (rotating-frame Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy) spectrum of its acetyl derivative 1a completed the assignment of the stereochemistry of 1 as 1R,2R,3R,4R,11R,13S,21S,1‘R.
Support Vector Machines for Classification and Regression (1998)

The problem of empirical data modelling is germane to many engineering applications.&#13;\nIn empirical data modelling a process of induction is used to build up a model of the&#13;\nsystem, from which it is hoped to deduce responses of the system that have yet to be observed.&#13;\nUltimately the quantity and quality of the observations govern the performance&#13;\nof this empirical model. By its observational nature data obtained is finite and sampled;&#13;\ntypically this sampling is non-uniform and due to the high dimensional nature of the&#13;\nproblem the data will form only a sparse distribution in the input space. Consequently&#13;\nthe problem is nearly always ill posed (Poggio et al., 1985) in the sense of Hadamard&#13;\n(Hadamard, 1923). Traditional neural network approaches have suffered difficulties with&#13;\ngeneralisation, producing models that can overfit the data. This is a consequence of the&#13;\noptimisation algorithms used for parameter selection and the statistical measures used&#13;\nto select the ’best’ model. The foundations of Support Vector Machines (SVM) have&#13;\nbeen developed by Vapnik (1995) and are gaining popularity due to many attractive&#13;\nfeatures, and promising empirical performance. The formulation embodies the Structural&#13;\nRisk Minimisation (SRM) principle, which has been shown to be superior, (Gunn&#13;\net al., 1997), to traditional Empirical Risk Minimisation (ERM) principle, employed by&#13;\nconventional neural networks. SRM minimises an upper bound on the expected risk,&#13;\nas opposed to ERM that minimises the error on the training data. It is this difference&#13;\nwhich equips SVM with a greater ability to generalise, which is the goal in statistical&#13;\nlearning. SVMs were developed to solve the classification problem, but recently they&#13;\nhave been extended to the domain of regression problems (Vapnik et al., 1997). In the&#13;\nliterature the terminology for SVMs can be slightly confusing. The term SVM is typically&#13;\nused to describe classification with support vector methods and support vector&#13;\nregression is used to describe regression with support vector methods. In this report&#13;\nthe term SVM will refer to both classification and regression methods, and the terms&#13;\nSupport Vector Classification (SVC) and Support Vector Regression (SVR) will be used&#13;\nfor specification. This section continues with a brief introduction to the structural risk
Clinical study on estramustine binding protein (EMBP) in human prostate (1996)

To elucidate the characteristics of estramustine binding protein (EMBP) in human prostate, tissue EMBP concentration was examined in 42 benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), 34 untreated prostatic carcinoma (PC), 8 hormone refractory PC (hr-PC), as well as 13 control prostate human tissue samples by RIA using rat-EMBP antibody, and the concentration thus obtained was compared with dihydrotestosterone (DHT), prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and zinc, indices exhibiting androgen dependency in the prostate. EMBP concentration correlated significantly with DHT and PSA levels in the control prostate and BPH, but not in untreated PC. In BPH, EMBP concentration increased significantly after administration of fluoxymesterone (4 mg/day for 2 weeks), whereas it decreased significantly after estramustine phosphate (280 mg/day for 2 weeks). The EMBP/DHT ratio in moderately and poorly differentiated, and the hr-PC was significantly higher than in controls, BPH, and well-differentiated PC. In addition, untreated PC with an EMBP/DHT ratio of more than 40 showed significantly lower progression-free probability as compared with PC with an EMBP/DHT of less than 40. These results suggest that (1) EMBP in BPH and well-differentiated PC preserves androgen dependency, but not in moderately and poorly differentiated, nor in hr-PCs, indicating that EMBP is a protein different from PAP and PSA, and (2) that the tissue EMBP/DHT ratio might be useful as a marker for predicting disease progression.
The Total Synthesis of (±)-Rishirilide B (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTThe Total Synthesis of (±)-Rishirilide BJohn G. Allen and Samuel J. DanishefskyView Author Information Sloan-Kettering Institute New York, New York 10021 Department of Chemistry Columbia University New York, New York 10028 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 2, 351–352Publication Date (Web):December 21, 2000Publication History Received5 September 2000Published online21 December 2000Published inissue 1 January 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja003272ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja003272arapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4504Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Anions,Crystal structure,Hydroxyls,Ketones Get e-Alerts