gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generic nano-imprint process for fabrication of nanowire arrays (2010)

A generic process has been developed to grow nearly defect-free arrays of (heterostructured) InP and GaP nanowires. Soft nano-imprint lithography has been used to pattern gold particle arrays on full 2 inch substrates. After lift-off organic residues remain on the surface, which induce the growth of additional undesired nanowires. We show that cleaning of the samples before growth with piranha solution in combination with a thermal anneal at 550 degrees C for InP and 700 degrees C for GaP results in uniform nanowire arrays with 1% variation in nanowire length, and without undesired extra nanowires. Our chemical cleaning procedure is applicable to other lithographic techniques such as e-beam lithography, and therefore represents a generic process.
GlutathioneS-Transferase Polymorphisms and Outcome of Chemotherapy in Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2001)

Children who lacked GSTT1 had greater toxicity and reduced survival after chemotherapy for AML compared with children with at least one GSTT1 allele. If confirmed in further studies, GSTT1 genotype might be useful in selecting appropriate chemotherapy regimens for children with AML.
Nitric oxide as a mediator of nucleus pulposus‐induced effects on spinal nerve roots (2000)

Abstract Nerve root dysfunction and sciatic pain in disc herniation are considered to be caused by mechanical compression and related to the presence of nucleus pulposus in the epidural space. Autologous nucleus pulposus has been shown to induce endoneural edema and to decrease nerve‐conduction velocity in spinal nerve roots in experimental disc herniation models, and inflammatory mediators have been suggested to be involved in these mechanisms. Nitric oxide, a potent inflammatory mediator, is implicated in vasoregulation, neurotransmission, and neuropathic pain. Nitric oxide synthesis can be induced by different cytokines, e.g., tumor necrosis factor‐α, which recently was shown to be of pathophysiological importance in experimental disc herniation. The enzyme nitric oxide synthase mediates the production of nitric oxide. Three series of experiments were performed in rat and pig disc herniation models to (a) investigate nitric oxide synthase activity in spinal nerve roots after exposure to autologous nucleus pulposus and (b) evaluate the effects of systemic treatment with aminoguanidine, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, on vascular permeability and nerve‐conduction velocity. In a disc herniation model in the rat, calcium‐independent nitric oxide synthase activity was measured in nerve roots exposed to nucleus pulposus; however, no nitric oxide synthase activity was detected in nerve roots from animals that underwent a sham operation, reflecting increased inducible nitric oxide synthase activity. In nucleus pulposus‐exposed spinal nerve roots in the pig, the edema was less severe after systemic aminoguanidine administration than without aminoguanidine treatment. Aminoguanidine treatment also significantly reduced the negative effect of nucleus pulposus on nerve‐conduction velocity in spinal nerve roots in the pig. These results demonstrate that nucleus pulposus increases inducible nitric oxide synthase activity in spinal nerve roots and that nitric oxide synthase inhibition reduces nucleus pulposus‐induced edema and prevents reduction of nerve‐conduction velocity. Furthermore, the results suggest that nitric oxide is involved in the pathophysiological effects of nucleus pulposus in disc herniation.
Biophysical characterisation of lysozyme binding to LPS Re and lipid A (1998)

The binding of lysozyme to bacterial deep rough mutant lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Re and to its lipid moiety lipid A, the 'endotoxic principle' of LPS, was investigated using biophysical techniques. The beta<-->alpha gel to liquid crystalline phase transition, the nature of the functional groups of the endotoxins, the secondary structure of lysozyme, and competition with polymyxin B were studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); the supramolecular aggregate structure of the endotoxins was determined with synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction and the binding stoichiometry with microcalorimetry. The results were compared with those found with zwitterionic and negatively charged phospholipids. It can clearly be shown that lysozyme binds electrostatically to charged groups of the endotoxin molecules with the consequence of acyl-chain rigidification and an initiation of a transition from inverted cubic to multilamellar structures. The binding stoichiometry of endotoxin and lysozyme is a 3:1 molar ratio for both LPS Re and lipid A, indicating a dominant binding of lysozyme to the lipid A-phosphates. This could be confirmed by the analysis of a phosphate vibration and by the use of a dephospho LPS. Parallel to lysozyme binding to endotoxin, a conformational change of the secondary structure in the protein from mainly alpha helix to more unordered structures takes place, while the residual beta-sheet substructure does not exhibit a clear concentration dependence. Binding is found to be specific for the endotoxins since, for the zwitterionic phosphatidylcholine, no binding is observed and, for the negatively charged phosphatidylglycerol, only very weak binding is found. The results are discussed in the context of the ability of lysozyme to reduce endotoxicity.
Anti-adhesive strategies in the prevention of infectious disease at mucosal surfaces (2000)

Binding of microbial cell surface adhesins to host receptor molecules is a critical early step in microbial infection and pathogenesis. Anti-adhesive strategies aimed at blocking this interaction offer an attractive means of preventing infection at an early stage. The strategy should reduce the likelihood of resistant strains of microorganisms emerging, since those that do not bind will not be subjected to sustained selective pressure, as may occur with antibiotic therapy. Three classes of adhesion-blocking agent have been investigated, namely anti-adhesin antibodies, adhesin analogues and receptor analogues. The effectiveness of a number of these adhesion-blocking compounds has been demonstrated in human and animal models of infection. Direct application to the tooth surface of anti-adhesin monoclonal antibody, or a synthetic peptide adhesion epitope, prevented infection with the oral pathogen, Streptococcus mutans in humans. Intranasal administration of a soluble receptor analogue significantly reduced virus production and symptoms following experimental infection with rhinovirus. Similarly, all three types of anti-adhesion agent protected against a variety of infections at other mucosal surfaces in animal models. A common finding from these studies is the long duration of protection, which cannot be due to persistence of the anti-adhesion agent, but may be the result of competitive exclusion by members of the normal flora at specific mucosal surfaces. Development of these novel antimicrobial agents is particularly timely in view of the increasing concern over the spread of antibiotic resistance.
History of Home Videotape Recorder Development (1985)

This article gives an overview of the development of home videotape recorders, from the early days to today's improved devices. Video technology is increasingly viewed as a necessity both for recording and also as an information-transfer medium through prerecorded cassettes. Starting with the appearance in 1956 of the quadruplex VTR, areas discussed include the two-head helical scanning system, the performance of today's oxide tapes and heads, chrominance signal recording, operability, the cassette format, and the key requirement of long playing time. The continuing development of the video systems and the new techniques engendered are investigated.
Systemic miRNA-195 Differentiates Breast Cancer from Other Malignancies and Is a Potential Biomarker for Detecting Noninvasive and Early Stage Disease (2010)

These findings suggest that individual cancers display specific systemic miRNA profiles, which could aid in discriminating among cancer types. This finding is of notable clinical consequence because it illustrates the potential of systemic miRNAs as sensitive, specific, noninvasive cancer biomarkers.
Configuration Management for Component-based Systems (2001)

One of the basic problems when developing component-based systems is that it is difficult to keep track of components and their interrelationships. This problem emerges already in the requirement phase, in which we want to identify and select the most appropriate components. Later, during the assembly and deployment process, or when upgrading components, the problem of components identification and dependency management becomes even more important. One way to maintain control over upgrades is to use component identification and dependency analysis. These are well known techniques for managing system configurations during development, but are rarely applied in managing run-time dependencies. Knowledge of the possible impacts of an update is important, since it can be used to limit the scope of testing and be a basis for evaluating the potential damage of the update. In this paper we analyse different types of dependencies and discuss how to identify and specify them, in analogy with Makefiles. The dependencies can be showed in a form of a dependency graph. The dependency graphs can also be used to facilitate maintenance by identifying differences between configurations, e.g., making it possible to recognise any deviations from a functioning reference configuration.
Stimulation of naive and memory T cells by cytokines (1999)

On the basis of cell surface markers, mature T cells are considered to have either a naïve or a memory phenotype. These cells exhibit distinct types of kinetic behaviour in vivo. While naïve-phenotype cells persist long term in a non-dividing state, memory-phenotype T cells include cycling cells and exhibit a more rapid rate of turnover; this has also been shown to be true for cells that can be definitively identified as naïve or memory T cells respectively. The number of memory-phenotype (CD44hi) CD8+ T cells entering cell cycle is greatly increased after in vivo exposure to viruses, bacteria or components of bacteria. Accelerated turnover of memory T cells also occurs after the injection of a variety cytokines that are induced by infectious agents, including type I interferon (IFN-I). Although naïve-phenotype T cells do not divide in response to these cytokines, they do exhibit signs of activation, including upregulation of CD69 after exposure to IFN-I. These findings suggest that the dissimilar in vivo kinetics of naïve- and memory-phenotype T cells might reflect their divergent responses to cytokines. Furthermore, the ability of infection-induced cytokines to stimulate non-specific proliferation of memory-phenotype T cells and partial activation of naïve-phenotype T cells implies that they play a complex role during primary immune responses to infectious agents.
The clinical relevance of endotoxin in human sepsis: a critical analysis (2002)

Correlations between circulating endotoxin levels from the blood of septic patients with clinical outcome measures have proven to be rather difficult. The clinical impact of endotoxin in septic patients depends upon the kinetics of LPS release, the concentration of LPS binding proteins, the cellular responsiveness to endotoxin, and numerous other immunogenetic, microbiological and physiological variables. Failure to account for these variables adequately has limited the clinical utility of endotoxin measurement. Several clinical studies have associated high levels of LPS with an excess risk of morbidity and mortality in sepsis that is largely independent of the nature of the micro-organism responsible for the septic episode.
Sterols of Algae. III.1 The Occurrence of Ergosterol in Chlorella pyranoidosa2 (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSterols of Algae. III.1 The Occurrence of Ergosterol in Chlorella pyranoidosa2Marylin Klosty and Werner BergmannCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 6, 1601Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01126a513https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01126a513research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views90Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Silicon-based semiconductor heterostructures: column IV bandgap engineering (1992)

The use of strained layer epitaxy to grow high-quality Ge/sub x/Si/sub 1-x//Si heterostructures and their application to a wide range of heterostructure devices are addressed. The author reviews the mechanisms of strained layer growth, the bandstructure of the resulting material, and its use in test devices, including superlattice avalanche photodiodes for fiber optic communication, intrasubband optical detectors and arrays operating in the 10-15 mu m wavelength range, mobility enhanced modulation-doped transistors, heterojunction bipolar transistors with cutoff frequencies of 75 GHz, and negative resistance devices based on resonant tunneling and real-space carrier transfer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synovial fluid expression of autoantibodies specific for RAGE relates to less erosive course of rheumatoid arthritis (2007)

These results suggest that RAGE-specific B cell response protect patients with RA from destructive course of the disease.
[Activity of monocytes of subjects sensitized to Plasmodium falciparum: adherence and phagocytosis of merozoites in vitro. Role of cytophylic antibodies]. (1983)

Peripheral blood monocytes from subjects immune to malaria are able to ingest more efficiently P. falciparum merozoites under in vitro conditions than those from non-immune subjects. Similar results were recorded when using monocytes from healthy controls preincubated with sera from immune individuals or IgG prepared from these sera. The phagocytic process does not seem to be strain specific. In the conditions of our assay, no phagocytosis of parasitized erythrocytes was observed. The main target of the IgG armed monocyte is the merozoite.
Dermal Deposition of Eosinophil-Granule Major Basic Protein in Atopic Dermatitis (1985)

Although blood eosinophilia is commonly present in atopic dermatitis, accumulation of tissue eosinophils is not prominent. To determine whether eosinophil degranulation occurs in lesions of atopic dermatitis, we analyzed tissues by immunofluorescence for the presence of the eosinophil-granule major basic protein. Twenty biopsy specimens from 18 patients with atopic dermatitis were studied, and all showed major basic protein staining outside eosinophils. In 18 specimens, the staining was fibrillar, was located in the upper half of the dermis, and was similar to the distribution of elastic fibers. Twelve specimens with fibrillar staining also showed major basic protein staining in the form of extracellular granules. One specimen from unaffected skin showed minimal faint, fine, fluorescing fibrils, but there was marked deposition of the protein in affected skin. The fibrillar pattern of major basic protein staining in atopic dermatitis was very similar to that seen in lichenified lesions of untreated onchocerciasis. These results suggest that eosinophils commonly release granule proteins in the dermis and that assessment of eosinophil involvement in disease cannot be based simply on numbers of eosinophils in tissue.
Inhibition of drug-resistant mutants of ABL, KIT, and EGF receptor kinases (2005)

To realize the full potential of targeted protein kinase inhibitors for the treatment of cancer, it is important to address the emergence of drug resistance in treated patients. Mutant forms of BCR-ABL, KIT, and the EGF receptor (EGFR) have been found that confer resistance to the drugs imatinib, gefitinib, and erlotinib. The mutations weaken or prevent drug binding, and interestingly, one of the most common sites of mutation in all three kinases is a highly conserved "gatekeeper" threonine residue near the kinase active site. We have identified existing clinical compounds that bind and inhibit drug-resistant mutant variants of ABL, KIT, and EGFR. We found that the Aurora kinase inhibitor VX-680 and the p38 inhibitor BIRB-796 inhibit the imatinib- and BMS-354825-resistant ABL(T315I) kinase. The KIT/FLT3 inhibitor SU-11248 potently inhibits the imatinib-resistant KIT(V559D/T670I) kinase, consistent with the clinical efficacy of SU-11248 against imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal tumors, and the EGFR inhibitors EKB-569 and CI-1033, but not GW-572016 and ZD-6474, potently inhibit the gefitinib- and erlotinib-resistant EGFR(L858R/T790M) kinase. EKB-569 and CI-1033 are already in clinical trials, and our results suggest that they should be considered for testing in the treatment of gefitinib/erlotinib-resistant non-small cell lung cancer. The results highlight the strategy of screening existing clinical compounds against newly identified drug-resistant mutant variants to find compounds that may serve as starting points for the development of next-generation drugs, or that could be used directly to treat patients that have acquired resistance to first-generation targeted therapy.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of 2,2‐Spiro‐Substituted 2,3‐Dihydrobenzofurans. (1989)

Abstract Methyl 3,5‐dihydroxybenzoate (I) undergoes twofold cyclization reaction with cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde (II) in the presence of an acid to give the heterocyclic bisspirocyclohexane (III).
DEMONSTRATION OF IgM ANTIBODIES OF HIGH AFFINITY WITHIN THE ANTI-GAL??1-3GAL ANTIBODY REPERTOIRE (1998)

Sera from two individuals were used and Kd values for one IgG (fraction 1A) and two IgM (fractions 1B and 2A) fractions were obtained. The Kd for the IgG was 4.85 x 10(-7) M (fraction 1A). For IgM, the Kd values were higher at 7.8x10(-10) M (fraction 1B) and 1.07x10(-10) M (fraction 2A). Natural anti-pig antibodies include high affinity IgM that continue to be produced without class switch. The B cell mechanism behind this is not known. It may be possible to exploit this mechanism in future xenotransplantation strategies.
Rotenone selectively occludes sensitivity to hypoxia in rat carotid body glomus cells (2003)

Carotid body glomus cells release transmitters in response to hypoxia due to the increase of excitability resulting from inhibition of O2 -regulated K+ channels. However, the mechanisms involved in the detection of changes of O2 tension are unknown. We have studied the interaction between glomus cell O2 sensitivity and inhibition of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) in a carotid body thin slice preparation in which catecholamine release from intact single glomus cells can be monitored by amperometry. Inhibition of the mitochondrial ETC at proximal and distal complexes induces external Ca2+-dependent catecholamine secretion. At saturating concentration of the ETC inhibitors, the cellular response to hypoxia is maintained. However, rotenone, a complex I blocker, selectively occludes the responsiveness to hypoxia of glomus cells in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of rotenone is mimicked by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+), an agent that binds to the same site as rotenone, but not by complex I inhibitors acting on different sites. In addition, the effect of rotenone is not prevented by incubation of the cells with succinate, a substrate of complex II. These data strongly suggest that sensitivity to hypoxia of carotid body glomus cells is not linked in a simple way to mitochondrial electron flow and that a rotenone (and MPP+)-sensitive molecule critically participates in acute oxygen sensing in the carotid body.
Alpha-conotoxin PIA is selective for alpha6 subunit-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. (2003)

Until now, there have been no antagonists to discriminate between heteromeric nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) containing the very closely related alpha6 and alpha3 subunits. nAChRs containing alpha3, alpha4, or alpha6 subunits in combination with beta2, occasionally beta4, and sometimes beta3 or alpha5 subunits, are thought to play important roles in cognitive function, pain perception, and the reinforcing properties of nicotine. We cloned a novel gene from the predatory marine snail Conus purpurascens. The predicted peptide, alpha-conotoxin PIA, potently blocks the chimeric alpha6/alpha3beta2beta3 subunit combination as expressed in oocytes but neither the muscle nor the major neuronal nAChR alpha4beta2. Additionally, this toxin is the first described ligand to discriminate between nAChRs containing alpha6 and alpha3 subunits. Exploiting the unusual intron conservation of conotoxin genes may represent a more general approach for defining conotoxin ligand scaffolds to discriminate among closely related receptor populations.
Model-driven consolidation of Java workloads on multicores (2012)

Optimal resource allocation and application consolidation on modern multicore systems that host multiple applications is not easy. Striking a balance among conflicting targets such as maximizing system throughput and system utilization while minimizing application response times is a quandary for system administrators. The purpose of this work is to offer a methodology that can automate the difficult process of identifying how to best consolidate workloads in a multicore environment. We develop a simple approach that treats the hardware and the operating system as a black box and uses measurements to profile the application resource demands. The demands become input to a queueing network model that successfully predicts application scalability and that captures the performance impact of consolidated applications on shared on-chip and off-chip resources. Extensive analysis with the widely used DaCapo Java benchmarks on an IBM Power 7 system illustrates the model's ability to accurately predict the system's optimal application mix.