gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intestinal Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthase I in Human and Rat: Expression During Development Shows Species Differences and Mosaic Expression in Duodenum of Both Species (1998)

The clinical importance of carbamoyl phosphate synthase I (CPSI) relates to its capacity to metabolize ammonia, because CPSI deficiencies cause lethal serum ammonia levels. Although some metabolic parameters concerning liver and intestinal CPSI have been reported, the extent to which enterocytes contribute to ammonia conversion remains unclear without a detailed description of its developmental and spatial expression patterns. Therefore, we determined the patterns of enterocytic CPSI mRNA and protein expression in human and rat intestine during embryonic and postnatal development, using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. CPSI protein appeared during human embryogenesis in liver at 31-35 e. d. (embryonic days) before intestine (59 e.d.), whereas in rat CPSI detection in intestine (at 16 e.d.) preceded liver (20 e.d.). During all stages of development there was a good correlation between the expression of CPSI protein and mRNA in the intestinal epithelium. Strikingly, duodenal enterocytes in both species exhibited mosaic CPSI protein expression despite uniform CPSI mRNA expression in the epithelium and the presence of functional mitochondria in all epithelial cells. Unlike rat, CPSI in human embryos was expressed in liver before intestine. Although CPSI was primarily regulated at the transcriptional level, CPSI protein appeared mosaic in the duodenum of both species, possibly due to post-transcriptional regulation.
Synthesis and Characterization of Highly Luminescent CdSe—Core CdS/Zn0.5Cd0.5S/ZnS Multishell Nanocrystals. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
E-cadherin induces mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition in human ovarian surface epithelium (1999)

Ovarian carcinomas are thought to arise in the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). Although this tissue forms a simple epithelial covering on the ovarian surface, OSE cells exhibit some mesenchymal characteristics and contain little or no E-cadherin. However, E-cadherin is present in metaplastic OSE cells that resemble the more complex epithelia of the oviduct, endometrium and endocervix, and in primary epithelial ovarian carcinomas. To determine whether E-cadherin was a cause or consequence of OSE metaplasia, we expressed this cell-adhesion molecule in simian virus 40-immortalized OSE cells. In these cells the exogenous E-cadherin, all three catenins, and F-actin localized at sites of cell–cell contact, indicating the formation of functional adherens junctions. Unlike the parent OSE cell line, which had undergone a typical mesenchymal transformation in culture, E-cadherin-expressing cells contained cytokeratins and the tight-junction protein occludin. They also formed cobblestone monolayers in two-dimensional culture and simple epithelia in three-dimensional culture that produced CA125 and shed it into the culture medium. CA125 is a normal epithelial-differentiation product of the oviduct, endometrium, and endocervix, but not of normal OSE. It is also a tumor antigen that is produced by ovarian neoplasms and by metaplastic OSE. Thus, E-cadherin restored some normal characteristics of OSE, such as keratin, and it also induced epithelial-differentiation markers associated with weakly preneoplastic, metaplastic OSE and OSE-derived primary carcinomas. The results suggest an unexpected role for E-cadherin in ovarian neoplastic progression.
HIV-1 gp120 Vaccine Induces Affinity Maturation in both New and Persistent Antibody Clonal Lineages (2012)

Most antibodies that broadly neutralize HIV-1 are highly somatically mutated in antibody clonal lineages that persist over time. Here, we describe the analysis of human antibodies induced during an HIV-1 vaccine trial (GSK PRO HIV-002) that used the clade B envelope (Env) gp120 of clone W6.1D (gp120(W6.1D)). Using dual-color antigen-specific sorting, we isolated Env-specific human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and studied the clonal persistence of antibodies in the setting of HIV-1 Env vaccination. We found evidence of V(H) somatic mutation induced by the vaccine but only to a modest level (3.8% ± 0.5%; range 0 to 8.2%). Analysis of 34 HIV-1-reactive MAbs recovered over four immunizations revealed evidence of both sequential recruitment of naïve B cells and restimulation of previously recruited memory B cells. These recombinant antibodies recapitulated the anti-HIV-1 activity of participant serum including pseudovirus neutralization and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). One antibody (3491) demonstrated a change in specificity following somatic mutation with binding of the inferred unmutated ancestor to a linear C2 peptide while the mutated antibody reacted only with a conformational epitope in gp120 Env. Thus, gp120(W6.1D) was strongly immunogenic but over four immunizations induced levels of affinity maturation below that of broadly neutralizing MAbs. Improved vaccination strategies will be needed to drive persistent stimulation of antibody clonal lineages to induce affinity maturation that results in highly mutated HIV-1 Env-reactive antibodies.
Pd(0)-Mediated Cross-Coupling of Reformatsky Reagents with Vinyl and Aryl Triflates (1987)

Abstract Pd(0)-Mediated cross-coupling reaction between Reformatsky reagents and vinyl/aryl trifla tes is reported. The method represents a procedure for the synthesis of β - γ unsaturated esters and aryl acetic esters.
Efficient Low-Redundancy Codes for Correcting Multiple Deletions (2017)

We consider the problem of constructing binary codes to recover from k-bit deletions with efficient encoding/decoding, for a fixed k. The single deletion case is well understood, with the Varshamov-Tenengolts-Levenshtein code from 1965 giving an asymptotically optimal construction with ≈ 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> /n codewords of length n, i.e., at most log n bits of redundancy. However, even for the case of two deletions, there was no known explicit construction with redundancy less than n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ω(1)</sup> . For any fixed k, we construct a binary code with c <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</sub> log n redundancy that can be decoded from k deletions in O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</sub> (n log <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> n) time. The coefficient c <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</sub> can be taken to be O(k <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> log k), which is only quadratically worse than the optimal, non-constructive bound of O(k). We also indicate how to modify this code to allow for a combination of up to k insertions and deletions. We also note that among linear codes capable of correcting k deletions, the (k + 1)-fold repetition code is essentially the best possible.
High-Performance Hypervisor Architectures: Virtualization in HPC Systems (2007)

Virtualization presents both challenges and opportunities for HPC systems and applications. This paper reviews them and also offers technical insights into two key challenges faced by future highend machines: (1) the I/O challenges they face and (2) the multicore nature of future HPC platforms. Concerning the latter, we argue the need to better structure virtualization solutions, to improve the compute experience of future HPC applications, and to provide scalability for virtualization solutions on future many-core platforms. Concerning (1), we present new methods for device virtualization, along with evidence that such methods can improve the I/O performance experienced by guest operating systems and applications running on HPC machines. Experimental results validate the claims made in (1) and (2), attained with the Xen hypervisor running on modern multi-core machines. Finally, the paper offers new directions for research in virtualization for HPC machines. It describes ways for further improving the effective I/O performance as seen by HPC applications by extending virtualization to associate application-relevant functions with I/O data streams and through QoS support for these streams. Other issues discussed are reliability enhancements for I/O, and online system and resource management.
Oxidative DNA damage and senescence of human diploid fibroblast cells. (1995)

Human diploid fibroblast cells cease growth in culture after a finite number of population doublings. To address the cause of growth cessation in senescent IMR-90 human fibroblast cells, we determined the level of oxidative DNA damage by using 8-oxoguanine excised from DNA and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine in DNA as markers. Senescent cells excise from DNA four times more 8-oxoguanine per day than do early-passage young cells. The steady-state level of 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine in DNA is approximately 35% higher in senescent cells than in young cells. Measurement of protein carbonyls shows that senescent cells did not appear to have elevated protein oxidation. To reduce the level of oxidative damage, we cultured cells under a more physiological O2 concentration (3%) and compared the replicative life span to the cells cultured at the O2 concentration of air (20%). We found that cells grown under 3% O2 achieved 50% more population doublings during their lifetime. Such an extension of life span resulted from the delayed onset of senescence and elevation of growth rate and saturation density of cells at all passages. The spin-trapping agent alpha-phenyl-t-butyl nitrone (PBN), which can act as an antioxidant, also effectively delayed senescence and rejuvenated near senescent cells. The effect is dose-dependent and is most pronounced for cells at the stage just before entry into senescence. Our data support the hypothesis that oxidative DNA damage contributes to replicative cessation in human diploid fibroblast cells.
Detection of Precursor Lesions of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma in PET-CT in a Genetically Engineered Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer (2011)

In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time that an elevated glucose metabolism occurs already in precursor lesions of murine and human pancreatic carcinoma. These findings are the basis for the detection of precursor lesions by PET-CT, thereby helping improving the prognosis of this devastating disease.
Mouse fibroblast activation protein: Molecular cloning, alternative splicing and expression in the reactive stroma of epithelial cancers (1997)

The growth of solid neoplasms requires the recruitment of a supporting stroma. In most epithelial cancers, this stromal compartment comprises newly formed blood vessels and abundant, reactive stromal fibroblasts. Tumor stromal fibroblasts are not transformed but differ from resting fibrocytes in normal adult tissues by an altered pattern of gene expression. In human cancers, this includes induction of the cell-surface-bound fibroblast-activation protein (FAP), a member of the serine protease family encoded by the FAP gene on chromosome 2. In this study, we have cloned a complementary DNA for Fap, the murine homologue of FAP. The predicted murine FAP protein, mFAP, shares 89% amino-acid-sequence identity with human FAP, including a perfectly conserved catalytic triad. Cultured mouse embryo fibroblasts and mouse embryonic tissues were found to express Fap transcripts. In addition, the host-derived, fibroblast-rich stroma of human epithelial-cancer xenografts grown in immunodeficient mice also expresses Fap. Sequencing of reverse-transcription-PCR products indicates that 3 distinct Fap splice variants can be detected in tissues. Our findings suggest a close similarity in structure and tissue expression of FAP in different species. By extending the analysis of FAP to the mouse, new in vivo test systems become available for genetic and therapeutic manipulations and for the study of FAP regulation and function in embryonic development and in epithelial cancers.
Molecular mechanisms underlying bile acid‐stimulated glucagon‐like peptide‐1 secretion (2011)

GPBA signalling in L-cells involves rapid elevation of cAMP, and enhanced calcium and secretory responses to glucose. Modulation of this receptor therapeutically may be an attractive strategy to enhance GLP-1 secretion and achieve better glycaemic control in diabetic patients.
Stereocontrolled total synthesis of (.+-.)-saframycin B (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereocontrolled total synthesis of (.+-.)-saframycin BTohru Fukuyama and Richard A. SachlebenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 18, 4957–4958Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1982https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00382a042RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views642Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (228 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Afferent fibres from pulmonary arterial baroreceptors in the left cardiac sympathetic nerve of the cat (1974)

1. Afferent discharges were recorded from the left cardiac sympathetic nerve or the third sympathetic ramus communicans of anaesthetized cats. Twenty-one single units with baroreceptor activity were obtained.2. The receptors of each unit were localized to the extrapulmonary part of the pulmonary artery, determined by direct mechanical probing of the wall of the pulmonary artery after death of the animals. Conduction velocity of the fibres ranged from 2.5 to 15.7 m/sec.3. Afferent discharges occurred irregularly under artificial ventilation. The impulse activity was increased when pulmonary arterial pressure was raised by an intravenous infusion of Locke solution, or by occlusion of lung roots, and decreased by bleeding the animal from the femoral artery.4. Above a threshold pressure, discharges occurred synchronously with the systolic pressure pulse in the pulmonary artery. A progressive further rise in pressure did not produce an increase in the number of impulses per heart beat. Occlusion of lung roots initially elicited a burst of discharges but the number of impulses for each cardiac cycle gradually decreased.5. The receptors responded to repetitive mechanical stimuli up to a frequency of 10/sec, but failed to respond to stimuli delivered at 20/sec.6. The results provide further evidence for the presence of afferent fibres in the cardiac sympathetic nerve. These afferent fibres are likely to provide the spinal cord with specific information only on transient changes in pulmonary arterial pressure.
DNA Cloning 4: Mammalian Systems (1996)

Abstract This book is one of four which together are considerably updated and totally revised texts that arose out of the very successful DNA Cloning, Volume I-III books in the Practical Approach series. This particular book describes techniques for genetic manipulation of mammalian cells, including gene amplification, retroviral and adenoviral vectors, and production of transgenic animals.
Basic Cell Culture Protocols (2004)

In this fully revised edition of an established classic, expert researchers and clinicians describe in step-by-step detail updated techniques for the isolation and growth of major primary cell types,
Tissue Print-Immunoblot, an Accurate Method for the Detection ofAcremonium coenophialumin Tall Fescue (1991)

Distribution of the endophytic fungus, Acremonium coenophialum, within tissues of infected tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) can be determined with tissue print-immunoblot (TPIB); however, the accuracy of this method in the determination of endophyte infestation levels of pastures and seed lots has not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to compare TPIB to other methods used for endophyte detection. Seed lots of known endophyte infestation levels were tested with TPIB (...)
Molecular and Immunological Characterization ofMycobacterium tuberculosis CFP-10, an Immunodiagnostic Antigen Missing in Mycobacterium bovis BCG (2000)

In order to identify antigens that may be used in the serodiagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB), we screened a Mycobacterium tuberculosis genomic expression library with a pool of sera from patients diagnosed with active pulmonary TB. The sera used lacked reactivity with a recombinant form of the M. tuberculosis 38-kDa antigen (r38kDa), and the goal was to identify antigens that might complement r38kDa in a serodiagnostic assay. Utilizing this strategy, we identified a gene, previously designated lhp, which encodes a 100-amino-acid protein referred to as culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP-10). The lhp gene is located directly upstream of esat-6, within a region missing in M. bovis BCG. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that CFP-10 is present in M. tuberculosis CFP, indicating that it is likely a secreted or shed antigen. Purified recombinant CFP-10 (rCFP-10) was shown to be capable of detecting specific antibody in a percentage of TB patients that lack reactivity with r38kDa, most notably in smear-negative cases, where sensitivity was increased from 21% for r38kDa alone to 40% with the inclusion of rCFP-10. In smear-positive patient sera, sensitivity was increased from 49% for r38kDa alone to 58% with the inclusion of rCFP-10. In addition, rCFP-10 was shown to be a potent T-cell antigen, eliciting proliferative responses and gamma interferon production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 70% of purified protein derivative-positive individuals without evident disease. The responses to this antigen argue for the inclusion of rCFP-10 in a polyvalent serodiagnostic test for detection of active TB infection. rCFP-10 could also contribute to the development of a recombinant T-cell diagnostic test capable of detecting exposure to M. tuberculosis.
Screening of Crude Oils for Asphalt Precipitation: Theory, Practice, and the Selection of Inhibitors (1995)

Summary This paper describes a simple method to screen crude oils for their tendency to precipitate asphalt, which may cause problems during production. The method is based on a thermodynamic model of asphalt solubility, derived earlier by Flory and Huggins. The most important parameters in this model are the Hildebrand solubility parameters for oil and asphaltene, and their molar volumes. The oil parameters can all be correlated with the in-situ density of the crude. The relative change in asphalt solubility in the crude per unit pressure drop is shown to be highest for light crudes that are undersatu-rated with gas, which usually contain only a small amount of asphaltenes. Hence, the chance that asphalt will precipitate will be greatest for these light crudes. For pressures below the bubblepoint, depres-surising of the crude will cause a rapid increase in asphalt solubility, due to changes in liquid composition. It is shown that heavy crudes usually will give fewer problems with asphalt precipitation, despite their higher asphaltene content, certainly if the reservoir pressure is close to bubblepoint pressure. Consequently, the tendency for asphalt precipitation is mainly determined by three parameters: the extent to which the crude is under-saturated with gas, the density of the crude at reservoir conditions, and its saturation with asphalt at downhole conditions. Apart from the simple screening method, more elaborate methods are described to assess the potential for asphalt precipitation more accurately; asphaltene analysis on produced reservoir fluid and tank oil; n-heptane titration of the tank oil; visual inspection of a bottom-hole sample in a high-pressure cell during pressure reduction; and dynamic flow tests on tank oil after η-heptane addition. An ultrasonic back scattering technique is described for monitoring the influence of different asphalt precipitation inhibitors. Using above techniques asphalt precipitation inhibitors have been identified that can be applied in the field.
Fluorescence and EPR Characteristics of Mn2+-Doped ZnS Nanocrystals Prepared by Aqueous Colloidal Method (1999)

Fluorescence properties have been studied for Mn:ZnS crystallites with average diameter of 4 nm prepared by an aqueous colloidal method under 266 nm light excitation. The intensity ratio of the blue band at ∼430 nm to the orange band at ∼590 nm has decreased after the preparation on a time scale of hours in aqueous solution. On the other hand, hyperfine structures of Mn2+ in the electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum have increased markedly on the same time scale in solution samples. These phenomena are attributed to the redistribution of defect centers in nanocrystals. Such phenomena have not been observed in samples incorporated into poly(vinyl alcohol). The orange emission is mainly due to the 6A1 ← 4T1 transition of Mn2+, while the blue emission is tentatively assigned to the donor−acceptor pair transition in which the acceptor is related to the Zn2+ vacancy. Fluorescence decay times of the blue and orange bands have been found to be ∼10 ns and ∼1 ms, respectively, the latter being the same as in the bulk samples. A weak fluorescent component with fast kinetics observed in the orange region has been identified as a tail of the blue band. No lifetime shortening of the Mn2+ emission due to quantum confinement has been observed, contrary to reports in the literature.
Permittivity measurement of thin liquid layers using open-ended coaxial probes (1996)

The composition of a thin emulsion layer backed by air can be determined from permittivity measurements with an open-ended coaxial probe. In this work, techniques for probe design and determination of liquid permittivity are studied. Measurements on thin liquid layers backed by a low-permittivity material show that the measured apparent permittivity varies exponentially with the layer thickness, with a probe constant that is independent of measurement frequency and liquid permittivity. It is found that an electrostatic model is applicable for design of probes with regard to the probe's sensitivity depth. Models of different complexity for determination of permittivity are compared and it is shown that a bilinear model in combination with an empirical exponential model estimates the permittivity of thin liquid layers with high sensitivity provided that the thickness of the layer is known. The bilinear model uses calibration measurements on three samples with known permittivities. A somewhat lower precision is obtained with a full-wave model of the probe, but this model has the advantage that no calibration except a simple reference plane rotation is needed. However, the computation time of the full-wave model is high.