gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Reaction of Formic Acid with Carbohydrates. I. The Reaction of Formic Acid with Sugars. (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Formic Acid with Carbohydrates. I. The Reaction of Formic Acid with Sugars.Harold Tarkow and Alfred J. StammCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1952, 56, 2, 262–266Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150494a026https://doi.org/10.1021/j150494a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views165Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Transparent Conducting Oxides for Photovoltaics: Manipulation of Fermi Level, Work Function and Energy Band Alignment (2010)

Doping limits, band gaps, work functions and energy band alignments of undoped and donor-doped transparent conducting oxides Zn₀, In₂O₃, and SnO₂ as accessed by X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS/UPS) are summarized and compared. The presented collection provides an extensive data set of technologically relevant electronic properties of photovoltaic transparent electrode materials and illustrates how these relate to the underlying defect chemistry, the dependence of surface dipoles on crystallographic orientation and/or surface termination, and Fermi level pinning.
THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF DOPAMINE ON INFLAMMATORY ACUTE PANCREATITIS IN RATS (2003)

Objective To study the treatment of acute hemorrhagic necrotic pancreatitis(AHNP) with low dose dopamine. Methods Fifty Wistar rats were divided into two groups, treatment group and control group. An animal model of acute pancreatitis was established by injecting sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct. Treatment group ( n =25) : 5 μg/kg was given intravenously while for control one ( n =25), normal saline was given. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein at 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours after the experiment. The IL 6 and TNF α were detected by ELISA technique. The pancreas was examined histologically 24 hours after the treatment. Results The serum levels of IL 6 and TNF α of treatment group were lower than that of the control one, the difference was significant ( t=6.23-32.32, P 0.01). After 24 hours of the treatment, the difference of IL 6 and TNF α was not significant as compared with that before the formation of AHNP ( t=1.99, 1.71; P 0.05). The grade of pancreatic histopathology of dopamine group was obviously lower than that of the control group. Conclusion Low dose dopamine may reduce the inflammatory reaction of acute pancreatitis, which may be something to do with that low dose of dopamine not only increase the blood flow of pancreatic micrangium but also reduce its permeability.
Receiver characterization using periodic small-signal analysis (2002)

Periodic small-signal analysis is a recently developed approach for AC and noise analysis of linear periodically-varying circuits. This paper presents several new approaches to characterizing the transfer functions, noise, and distortion of communication circuits using this new technique. A receiver is used as an example, but the techniques presented are applicable to a wide variety of circuits, including mixers, samplers, sample-and-holds, chopper-stabilized amplifiers, multipliers and switched-capacitor filters.
A practical approach to programming with assertions (1995)

Embedded assertions have been recognized as a potentially powerful tool for automatic runtime detection of software faults during debugging, testing, maintenance and even production versions of software systems. Yet despite the richness of the notations and the maturity of the techniques and tools that have been developed for programming with assertions, assertions are a development tool that has seen little widespread use in practice. The main reasons seem to be that (1) previous assertion processing tools did not integrate easily with existing programming environments, and (2) it is not well understood what kinds of assertions are most effective at detecting software faults. This paper describes experience using an assertion processing tool that was built to address the concerns of ease-of-use and effectiveness. The tool is called APP, an Annotation PreProcessor for C programs developed in UNIX-based development environments, APP has been used in the development of a variety of software systems over the past five years. Based-on this experience, the paper presents a classification of the assertions that were most effective at detecting faults. While the assertions that are described guard against many common kinds of faults and errors, the very commonness of such faults demonstrates the need for an explicit, high-level, automatically checkable specification of required behavior. It is hoped that the classification presented in this paper will prove to be a useful first step in developing a method of programming with assertions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An improved nonisotopic test to screen a large series of new inhibitor molecules of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity for therapeutic applications. (1999)

A reliable ELISA for screening large numbers of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors is described. The test is based upon the drop in PARP activity estimated by the decrease in poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis in the presence of inhibitor. This ELISA is easy to perform, rapid, and specific. It is extremely sensitive because a clear inhibition of the total reaction could be visualized with molecules used in the nanomolar range. The assay uses no radioactivity, and automation is possible with robots for large-scale investigations. This test is of great interest for the screening of chemical libraries and the discovery of new inhibitors (and possibly activators) of PARP. Such molecules have important applications in all abnormal situations involving DNA damage and oxidative stress, such as cancer, autoimmunity, diabetes, myocardial dysfunctions, certain infections, aging, and radiation/chemical exposure.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Free Click Chemistry: Bioorthogonal Reagents for Tagging Azides (2011)

Abstract Review: 60 refs.
Cyclin K-containing Kinase Complexes Maintain Self-renewal in Murine Embryonic Stem Cells (2012)

Protein phosphorylation plays an important role in the regulation of self-renewal and differentiation of embryonic stem cells. However, the responsible intracellular kinases are not well characterized. Here, we discovered that cyclin K protein was highly expressed in pluripotent embryonic stem cells but low in their differentiated derivatives or tissue-specific stem cells. Upon cell differentiation, the level of cyclin K protein was decreased. Furthermore, knockdown of cyclin K led to cell differentiation, which could be rescued by an expression construct resistant to RNA interference. Surprisingly, cyclin K did not interact with CDK9 protein in cells as thought previously. Instead, it associated with CrkRS (also known as CDK12) and CDC2L5 (also known as CDK13). Similar to cyclin K, both CDK12 and CDK13 proteins were highly expressed in murine embryonic stem cells and were decreased upon cell differentiation. Importantly, knockdown of either kinase resulted in differentiation. Thus, our studies have uncovered two novel protein kinase complexes that maintain self-renewal in embryonic stem cells.
Three dimensional vascular ultrasound imaging. (1991)

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is a new catheter-based system that produces two-dimensional (2D) images of vascular structures. Existing systems produce real-time, cross-sectional "slices" of vessels using 5.0 French (Fr) (30 MHz) and 8.0 Fr (20 MHz) IVUS catheters containing ultrasound transducers at the tip. Computerized, three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of these 2D images using a personal computer- (PC) based image analysis system is described. A set (n = 90) of longitudinally aligned, consecutive images is sampled from a 5.0 cm vessel segment, and computerized processing creates rendered 3D images. By adjusting image density threshold and viewing angle, the morphology, location, and spatial distribution of arterial pathology can be seen. Refinements in computer hardware and software have reduced processing time and improved image resolution to the point where 3D IVUS imaging is a clinically applicable tool. Possible applications include diagnosis of complex arterial pathology, guidance of intraluminal instruments, and assessment of the effects of endovascular interventions.
<b>Effect of a spider toxin on glutaminergic synapses in the mammalian </b><b>brain </b> (1982)

A spider toxin (JSTX) which specifically blocks the glutamate receptors in crustacea was also effective in mammalian brain synapses. Using slice preparations we found that JSTX irreversibly suppressed postsynaptic potentials in the hippocampus and the olfactory cortex, whereas the postsynaptic potentials in the superior colliculus were unaffected. The results suggest that JSTX specifically blocks glutaminergic transmission in the central nervous system as well as in crustacean neuromuscular junctions.
The HOXB13:IL17BR Expression Index Is a Prognostic Factor in Early-Stage Breast Cancer (2006)

This tumor bank study demonstrated HOXB13:IL17BR index is a strong independent prognostic factor for ER+ node-negative patients irrespective of tamoxifen therapy.
Structure-function studies on bacteriorhodopsin. I. Expression of the bacterio-opsin gene in Escherichia coli. (1987)

The aims of this work have been to express bacterio-opsin with minimal variation from the native primary structure and to improve the level of expression in Escherichia coli. We describe the construction of plasmids in which the bacterio-opsin gene contains only an additional methionine residue at the N terminus and in which the C-terminal aspartic acid encoded in the gene has been deleted to conform to the mature protein. In attempts to improve bacterio-opsin expression, a variety of expression plasmids were constructed in which the promoters and the ribosome-binding sequences were varied. Invariably, in these plasmids, translation but not transcription of the bacterio-opsin gene was limiting. A striking increase in expression of the gene occurred when the codons for several of the N-terminal amino acids were changed to increase the A = T content. Bacterio-opsin expressed in E. coli was degraded with a half-life of 8-10 min. The addition of hydrophobic signal sequences at the N terminus increased the half-life and overall yield of the protein. Bacterio-opsin thus produced regenerated the native bacteriorhodopsin-like chromophore and carried out light-dependent proton translocation at a rate comparable to that of the native bacterio-opsin prepared from the purple membrane.
CLONAL ANALYSIS OF T LYMPHOCYTES ISOLATED FROM OVARIAN CARCINOMA ASCITIC FLUID. PHENOTYPIC AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF T‐CELL CLONES CAPABLE OF LYSING AUTOLOGOUS CARCINOMA CELLS (1985)

T lymphocytes isolated from ascitic fluid of patients with stage III-IV ovarian carcinoma were cloned by means of a microculture system that allows cloning of virtually all peripheral blood human T lymphocytes. Under these experimental conditions, 15% to 42% of ascitic T cells gave rise to clonal progenies that were analyzed for different functional capabilities. Of the clones obtained, 36%-70% had cytolytic activity in a PHA-dependent assay (using P815 as target cells) that allowed detection of cytolytic cells of any specificity. About one-half of the cytolytic clones lysed the NK-sensitive K562 target cells as well. In addition, 30%-50% of the total clones released IL-2 upon stimulation with PHA for 24 hr. In all patients analyzed a variable proportion (11%-56% of all cytolytic clones) had cytolytic activity against autologous tumor cells. Some of these clones have been analyzed in more detail: 18/21 expressed the T4-T8+ phenotype, whereas the remaining 3 were T4+ T8-. Only one out of 6 clones tested lysed allogeneic ovarian carcinoma cells as well, while 5/8 had a definite NK-like activity. Finally, all 8 clones tested were inhibited by anti-T11 and 7/8 by anti-T8 monoclonal antibody.
Altering the Proclivity towards Daptomycin Resistance in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Using Combinations with Other Antibiotics (2012)

Daptomycin (DAP) is increasingly used as a part of combination therapy, particularly in complex methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. While multiple studies have reported the potential for synergy between DAP and adjunctive anti-infectives, few have examined the influence of adjunctive therapy on the emergence of DAP resistance. This study examined eight adjunctive antimicrobial combinations with DAP in vitro and the emergence of DAP resistance over time (up to 4 weeks) using clinical isolates of DAP-susceptible MRSA (MIC, 0.5 μg/ml) in which DAP resistance subsequently developed during patient therapy (MIC, 3 μg/ml). In addition to DAP susceptibility testing, selected strains were examined for phenotypic changes associated with DAP resistance, including changes to cell wall thickness (CWT) and cell membrane alterations. The addition of either oxacillin or clarithromycin in medium containing DAP significantly inhibited the development of DAP resistance through the entirety of the 4-week exposure (10- to 32-fold MIC reduction from that of DAP alone). Combinations with rifampin or fosfomycin were effective in delaying the emergence of DAP resistance through the end of week one only (week one MIC, 0.5 μg/ml; week four MIC, 24 μg/ml). Cell wall thickening was observed for all antibiotic combinations regardless of their effect on the DAP MIC (14 to 70% increase in CWT), while changes in cell membrane fluidity were variable and treatment dependent. DAP showed reduced activity against strains with DAP MICs of 1 to 12 μg/ml, but cell membrane integrity was still disrupted at concentrations achieved with doses greater than 10 mg/kg of body weight. The emergence of DAP resistance in MRSA is strongly influenced by the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of adjunctive antimicrobials. These data suggest that combining DAP with oxacillin or clarithromycin may delay the development of DAP resistance in cases requiring prolonged antibiotic therapy.
Population-Based, Case-Control Study of HER2 Genetic Polymorphism and Breast Cancer Risk (2000)

Results of this study suggest that polymorphisms of the HER2 gene may be important susceptibility biomarkers for breast cancer risk, particularly among younger women.
The Development of Acute Lung Injury Is Associated with Worse Neurologic Outcome in Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (2003)

The development of ALI is a critical independent factor affecting mortality in patients suffering traumatic brain injury and is associated with a worse long-term neurologic outcome in survivors. The risk of developing ALI is not associated with specific anatomic lesions diagnosed by cranial CT scanning.
Cardiac Repair Using Bone Marrow Derived Stem Cells (2005)

Overall Discussion 10:50 AM - 11:30 AM
Evaluation of hemispheric dominance for language using functional MRI: A comparison with positron emission tomography (1998)

The utility of a conventional (i.e., nonecho-planar) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique to determine hemispheric dominance for language was assessed using a semantic generation task in which subjects were presented with a series of nouns and generated aloud a verb for each one. A direct comparison of the fMRI results with positron emission tomography (PET), acquired from the same subjects, was also performed. When analyzed by group averaging, the results of this work were in concordance with those of previous PET studies, showing a left hemispheric dominance for language. Analyzed on a individual basis, 7 out of 9 subjects were left-hemisphere dominant and 2 subjects were right-hemisphere dominant; this applied with both PeT and fMRI methods. The direct comparison between PET and fMRI further demonstrated that fMRI can replicate PET findings. Of the total activation foci detected by PeT, 92% were observed by fMRI. On the other hand, fMRI reported 64% more activations than did PET. This may reflect differences in procedure, spatial resolution, sensitivity, and the underlying physiological mechanism between PET and fMRI. This study suggests that the fMRI technique, even using conventional MRI scanners, could be clinically useful in evaluating hemispheric dominance for language on an individual subject-by-subject basis.
Resurfacing of the Femoral Head with Fresh Osteochondral Allografts Long-term Results (1985)

Twenty-five fresh osteochondral allografts were transplanted in 21 patients. All except one were for avascular necrosis with segmental collapse of the femoral head. One transplant was in a hip with a Pipkin II fracture-dislocation. Most of the failures were in hips of patients receiving systemic steroid therapy. There was an 80% rate of success in non-steroid-treated patients. The allograft resurfacing procedure seems to be a successful intermediate alternative operation in young patients with avascular necrosis and segmental collapse of the head of the femur.
Recombinant PNPLA3 protein shows triglyceride hydrolase activity and its I148M mutation results in loss of function (2013)

The patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3, also called adiponutrin, ADPN) is a membrane-bound protein highly expressed in the liver. The genetic variant I148M (rs738409) was found to be associated with progression of chronic liver disease. We aimed to establish a protein purification protocol in a yeast system (Pichia pastoris) and to examine the human PNPLA3 enzymatic activity, substrate specificity and the I148M mutation effect. hPNPLA3 148I wild type and 148M mutant cDNA were cloned into P. pastoris expression vectors. Yeast cells were grown in 3L fermentors. PNPLA3 protein was purified from membrane fractions by Ni-affinity chromatography. Enzymatic activity was assessed using radiolabeled substrates. Both 148I wild type and 148M mutant proteins are localized to the membrane. The wild type protein shows a predominant lipase activity with mild lysophosphatidic acid acyl transferase activity (LPAAT) and the I148M mutation results in a loss of function of both these activities. Our data show that PNPLA3 has a predominant lipase activity and I148M mutation results in a loss of function.
Selective targeting of an antioxidant to mitochondria (1999)

Mitochondrial oxidative damage contributes significantly to a range of human disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, ischaemia-reperfusion injury and ageing-associated dysfunction. To prevent this damage we have delivered a molecule containing the active antioxidant moiety of vitamin E to mitochondria. This was carried out by covalently coupling the antioxidant moiety to a lipophilic triphenylphosphonium cation. This mitochondrially targeted antioxidant, 2-[2-(triphenylphosphonio)ethyl]-3,4-dihydro-2, 5,7,8-tetramethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol bromide (TPPB), accumulated several-hundred fold within the mitochondrial matrix, driven by the organelle's large membrane potential. When cells were incubated with micromolar concentrations of TPPB, they accumulated millimolar concentrations within their mitochondria. The amount of TPPB taken up by mitochondria was approximately 80-fold greater than endogenous levels of vitamin E. Consequently the targeted derivative of vitamin E protected mitochondrial function from oxidative damage far more effectively than vitamin E itself. The mitochondrially targeted antioxidant TPPB has potential as an antioxidant therapy for disorders involving mitochondrial oxidative damage. It also suggests a new family of mitochondrially targeted antioxidants, redox-active and pharmacologically active molecules designed to prevent damage or manipulate mitochondrial function.
Large-scale delineation of secreted protein biomarkers overexpressed in cancer tissue and serum (2003)

Genetic alterations in tumor cells often lead to the emergence of growth-stimulatory autocrine and paracrine signals, involving overexpression of secreted peptide growth factors, cytokines, and hormones. Increased levels of these soluble proteins may be exploited for cancer diagnosis and management or as points of therapeutic intervention. Here, we combined the use of controlled vocabulary terms and sequence-based algorithms to predict genes encoding secreted proteins from among approximately 12,500 sequences represented on oligonucleotide microarrays. Expression of these genes was queried in 150 carcinomas from 10 anatomic sites of origin and compared with 46 normal tissues derived from the corresponding sites of tumor origin and other body tissues and organs. Of 74 different genes identified as overexpressed in cancer tissues, several encode proteins with demonstrated clinical diagnostic application, such as alpha-fetoprotein in liver carcinoma, and kallikreins 6 and 10 in ovarian cancer, or therapeutic utility, such as gastrin-releasing peptide/bombesin in lung carcinomas. We show that several of the other candidate genes encode proteins with high levels of tumor-associated expression by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays and further demonstrate significantly elevated levels of another novel candidate protein, macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1, a distant member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, in the serum of patients with metastatic prostate, breast, and colorectal carcinomas. Our results suggest that the combination of annotation/protein sequence analysis, transcript profiling, immunohistochemistry, and immunoassay is a powerful approach for delineating candidate biomarkers with potential clinical significance and may be broadly applicable to other human diseases.
A Clinical Trial on the Prevention of Catheter-Related Sepsis Using a New Hub Model (1996)

A new catheter hub has proved to be useful in preventing endoluminal bacterial colonization and catheter-related sepsis in subclavian lines inserted for a mean of 2 weeks.
Viewing the functional consequences of traumatic brain injury by using brain SPECT. (2006)

High-resolution brain SPECT is increasingly benefiting from improved image processing software and multiple complementary display capabilities. This enables detailed functional mapping of the disturbances in relative perfusion occurring after TBI. The patient population consisted of 26 cases (ages 8-61 years)between 3 months and 6 years after traumatic brain injury.A very strong case can be made for the routine use of Brain SPECT in TBI. Indeed it can provide a detailed evaluation of multiple functional consequences after TBI and is thus capable of supplementing the clinical evaluation and tailoring the therapeutic strategies needed. In so doing it also provides significant additional information beyond that available from MRI/CT. The critical factor for Brain SPECT's clinical relevance is a carefully designed technical protocol, including displays which should enable a comprehensive description of the patterns found, in a user friendly mode.