gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Synthesis of Potential Anticancer Agents. XXXVI. N-Nitrosoureas.1 II. Haloalkyl Derivatives (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of Potential Anticancer Agents. XXXVI. N-Nitrosoureas.1 II. Haloalkyl DerivativesThomas P. Johnston, George S. McCaleb, Pamela S. Opliger, and John A. MontgomeryCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1966, 9, 6, 892–911Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1966https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00324a026RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views641Altmetric-Citations90LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Biophysical separation of Staphylococcus epidermidis strains based on antibiotic resistance (2015)

Electrophoretic and dielectrophoretic approaches to separations can provide unique capabilities. In the past, capillary and microchip-based approaches to electrophoresis have demonstrated extremely high-resolution separations. More recently, dielectrophoretic systems have shown excellent results for the separation of bioparticles. Here we demonstrate resolution of a difficult pair of targets: gentamicin resistant and susceptible strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis. This separation has significant potential implications for healthcare. This establishes a foundation for biophysical separations as a direct diagnostic tool, potentially improving nearly every figure of merit for diagnostics and antibiotic stewardship. The separations are performed on a modified gradient insulator-based dielectrophoresis (g-iDEP) system and demonstrate that the presence of antibiotic resistance enzymes (or secondary effects) produces a sufficient degree of electrophysical difference to allow separation. The differentiating factor is the ratio of electrophoretic to dielectrophoretic mobilities. This factor is 4.6 ± 0.6 × 10(9) V m(-2) for the resistant strain, versus 9.2 ± 0.4 × 10(9) V m(-2) for the susceptible strain. Using g-iDEP separation, this difference produces clear and easily discerned differentiation of the two strains.
Central nervous system inflammation is a hallmark of pathogenesis in mouse models of GM1 and GM2 gangliosidosis (2003)

Mouse models of the GM2 gangliosidoses [Tay-Sachs, late onset Tay-Sachs (LOTS), Sandhoff] and GM1 gangliosidosis have been studied to determine whether there is a common neuro-inflammatory component to these disorders. During the disease course, we have: (i) examined the expression of a number of inflammatory markers in the CNS, including MHC class II, CD68, CD11b (CR3), 7/4, F4/80, nitrotyrosine, CD4 and CD8; (ii) profiled cytokine production [tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), transforming growth factor (TGF beta 1) and interleukin 1 beta (IL1 beta)]; and (iii) studied blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. The kinetics of apoptosis and the expression of Fas and TNF-R1 were also assessed. In all symptomatic mouse models, a progressive increase in local microglial activation/expansion and infiltration of inflammatory cells was noted. Altered BBB permeability was evident in Sandhoff and GM1 mice, but absent in LOTS mice. Progressive CNS inflammation coincided with the onset of clinical signs in these mouse models. Substrate reduction therapy in the Sandhoff mouse model slowed the rate of accumulation of glycosphingolipids in the CNS, thus delaying the onset of the inflammatory process and disease pathogenesis. These data suggest that inflammation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the gangliosidoses.
Basic Cell Culture: A Practical Approach (1994)

The use of animal, including human, cell culture has expanded enormously during the last twenty years, with the new applications appearing all the time. This book guides thenewcomer progressively through all those areas which are basic to the performance of cell culture. The topics covered include setting up and equipping a cell culture laboratory, sterilization of fluids and equipment, culture media, basic culture technique and the maintenance of cell lines. (Midwest).
Detoxification of jojoba meal by lactobacilli (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetoxification of jojoba meal by lactobacilliAnthony J. Verbiscar, Thomas F. Banigan, Charles W. Weber, B. L. Reid, R. Spencer Swingle, John E. Trei, and Edward A. NelsonCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1981, 29, 2, 296–302Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00104a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00104a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Computer vision and text recognition for assisting visually impaired people using Android smartphone (2017)

Advances made with new technologies have boosted the development of systems to assist the daily lives of the visually impaired people. These systems intend to help by providing their user with some critical information about their environment using senses they can still use. In this paper, we discuss a system that uses existing technologies such as the Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and Text-to-Speech (TTS) available on an Android smartphone, and use them to automatically identify and recognize texts and signs in the environment and help the users navigate. The proposed system uses a combination of computer vision and Internet connectivity on an Android smartphone not only to recognize signs, but also reconstruct sentences and convert them to speech. This paper discusses the design flow and the experimental results of the project.
A form-based dialogue manager for spoken language applications (2002)

A popular approach to dialogue management is based on a finite state model, where user utterances trigger transitions between the dialogue states, and these states, in turn, determine the system's response. The paper describes an alternative dialogue planning algorithm based on the notion of filling in an electronic form, or "E-form". Each slot has associated prompts that guide the user through the dialogue, and a priority that determines the order in which the system tries to acquire information. These slots can be optional or mandatory. However, the user is not restricted to follow the system's lead, and is free to ignore the prompts and take the initiative in the dialogue. The E-form based dialogue planner has been used in an application to search a database of used car advertisements. The goal is to assist the user in selecting, from this database, a small list of cars which match their constraints. For a large number of dialogues collected from over 600 naive users, we found over 70% compliance in answering specific system prompts.
The expression of bone morphogenetic proteins in osteosarcoma and its relevance as a prognostic parameter (2002)

BMP-7 and BMP-8 are highly expressed in osteosarcoma. Moreover, high expression of BMP-6 correlates with a chondroid differentiation. In contrast to conclusions derived from previous studies in which small numbers of tumours were investigated, these results indicate that the expression of BMPs does not help to predict the outcome of patients.
Nanoindentation characterization of clay minerals and clay-based hybrid bio-geomaterials (2013)

Layered hydrous aluminosilicates are key constituent minerals in rocks, soils, and other parts of the Earth crust. Understanding mechanical properties of these aluminosilicates is crucial for seismic study, stability of parent rocks and geomaterials, and for geophysical subsurface exploration. Recently, growing prospects of clay based nanocomposites have renewed further interest in understanding the fundamental elastic and plastic properties of hydrous aluminosilicates. Their distinct, nanoscale layered crystal structure is known to result in anisotropic responses to loading, however, owing to their tiny sizes; it is a significant challenge to determine the anisotropic properties. There is a little data available in the literature on the elastic and plastic properties of clays and clay-based geomaterials. This Ph.D. research work has undertaken the novel approach to study mechanical properties of geomaterials using a pioneering nanomechanical testing method, nanoindentation, to probe the elastic and plastic properties at nano/micro scale. Genesis of these nanomechanical properties are analyzed in the light of microstructures, interatomic bonds, mineralogical and chemical composition. A nanoindentation study of muscovite mica revealed highly anisotropic behavior. Both elastic and plastic anisotropy exist for indentation normal and perpendicular to the basal plane. Nano-mechanical behavior of the well-ordered, nanocrytalline clay minerals is, mainly, governed by generation and storage of dislocations, formation and annihilation of kink bands and intermittent kink bands. Interpretations of indentation test based on continuum mechanics and gradient plasticity models, therefore, give satisfactory result. On the other hand, chemical, morphological, microstructural and structural characterization of a hybrid clay-lime-starch bio nanocomposite material revealed highly heterogeneous, amorphous and multi-phase matrix. Statistical analysis of the massive volume of data obtained using grid indentation technique revealed that this matrix is composed of five distinct mechanical phases. Thus, this study proposes that slow and weak pozzolanic reaction between clay and lime produces cementitious binder network consisting of C-S-H phase. Interaction of the biopolymer (sticky rice) with clay and C-S-H resulted in intercalated nanocomposites that have superior mechanical and barrier properties. Clay, sand, and silt particles act as active fillers in this composite, whereby forming a dense and compact mass, which renders durability and toughness to this hybrid composite.
Synthesis of Cyclosporine and Analogues: Structural Requirements for Immunosuppressive Activity (1985)

Abstract Cyclosporine is a new immunosuppressive drug which was first marketed in 1983 under the trade name Sandimmune®. This compound, an innovation in selective immune modulation, was isolated from a fungal culture and characterized as a cyclic undecapeptide containing a novel amino acid together with several N ‐methylated amino acids. The new amino acid (4R)‐4‐[( E )‐2‐butenyl]‐4, N ‐dimethyl‐ L ‐threonine (MeBmt) was the only unknown amino acid of cyclosporine and there had previously been no means for its isolation. For this reason and because it seemed possible that MeBmt could play a significant role in determining the pharmacological activity of cyclosporine, its synthesis in enantiomerically pure form was undertaken. The next step was the development of a total synthesis of cycloporine, which appeared attractive, not only for its intrinsic worth, but also as an important tool for investigating the relationships between structure and immunosuppressive activity. Essential for the immunosuppression are the amino acids MeBmt, Abu, Sar, and MeVal in the positions 1, 2, 3 and 11, but probably also still larger parts of the molecule. Such information could be valuable for finding new chemical leads or drugs with a new activity profile.
The Sp1 transcription factor binds the CD11b promoter specifically in myeloid cells in vivo and is essential for myeloid-specific promoter activity. (1993)

The myeloid integrin CD11b is expressed selectively on the surface of mature macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and natural killer cells. Lineage-specific expression is controlled at the level of mRNA transcription. Recent isolation of the CD11b promoter shows that 92 base pairs (bp) of 5'-flanking DNA are sufficient to direct myeloid-specific expression of a reporter gene. To characterize regulatory sequences important for promoter activity, we performed linker scanning analysis of the 92-bp CD11b promoter and demonstrate that a sequence at bp -60 is essential for CD11b promoter activity. We show that this sequence binds the transcription factor Sp1 in vitro and in vivo. In vivo the Sp1 site is bound only in myeloid (U937) cells, not in cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells. In addition, the macrophage transcription factor PU.1 binds the CD11b promoter in vitro and in vivo close to the Sp1 site. We propose a model in which binding of a myeloid-specific factor (PU.1) allows a general factor (Sp1) to bind in a tissue-specific fashion thereby contributing to the myeloid-specific expression of CD11b.
Protein Translation and Cell Death: The Role of Rare tRNAs in Biofilm Formation and in Activating Dormant Phage Killer Genes (2008)

We discovered previously that the small Escherichia coli proteins Hha (hemolysin expression modulating protein) and the adjacent, poorly-characterized YbaJ are important for biofilm formation; however, their roles have been nebulous. Biofilms are intricate communities in which cell signaling often converts single cells into primitive tissues. Here we show that Hha decreases biofilm formation dramatically by repressing the transcription of rare codon tRNAs which serves to inhibit fimbriae production and by repressing to some extent transcription of fimbrial genes fimA and ihfA. In vivo binding studies show Hha binds to the rare codon tRNAs argU, ileX, ileY, and proL and to two prophage clusters D1P12 and CP4-57. Real-time PCR corroborated that Hha represses argU and proL, and Hha type I fimbriae repression is abolished by the addition of extra copies of argU, ileY, and proL. The repression of transcription of rare codon tRNAs by Hha also leads to cell lysis and biofilm dispersal due to activation of prophage lytic genes rzpD, yfjZ, appY, and alpA and due to induction of ClpP/ClpX proteases which activate toxins by degrading antitoxins. YbaJ serves to mediate the toxicity of Hha. Hence, we have identified that a single protein (Hha) can control biofilm formation by limiting fimbriae production as well as by controlling cell death. The mechanism used by Hha is the control of translation via the availability of rare codon tRNAs which reduces fimbriae production and activates prophage lytic genes. Therefore, Hha acts as a toxin in conjunction with co-transcribed YbaJ (TomB) that attenuates Hha toxicity.
Production of aromatic amino acids by microorganisms. IX. L-Tryptophan production by analog-resistant mutants derived from a phenylalanine and tyrosine double auxotroph of Corynebacterium glutamicum. (1975)

Mutants producing a large amount of L-tryptophan were derived from a phenylalanine and tyrosine double auxotroph of Corynebacterium glutamicum, KY 9456 which produced only a trace amount of L-tryptophan (150 μg/ml) and anthranilate. A mutant, 4 MT-11, resistant to 5-methyltryptophan, tryptophanhydroxamate, 6-fluorotryptophan and 4-methyltryptophan which was derived by stepwise mutagenic treatments produced L-tryptophan at a concentration of 4.9mg/ml in a molasses medium containing 10% of sugar calculated as glucose. L-Tryptophan production with 4 MT-11 was inhibited by L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine. Accordingly, mutants resistant to phenylalanine and tyrosine analogs such as p-fluorophenylalanine, p-aminophenylalanine, tyrosinehydroxamate, and phenylalaninehydroxate were derived from 4 MT-11. One of the mutants, thus obtained, Px-115-97 produced L-tryptophan at a concentration of 12.0mg/ml in the molasses medium. L-Tryptophan production with the mutant was still sensitive to L-phenylalanine and L-tyrosine.
Growth Promotion of Wheat Seedlings by Streptomyces atroolivaceus (1989)

Abstract Treating grains and roots of wheat seedlings with supernatants of different aged cultures of Streptomyces atroolivaceus stimulated plant growth. The treatment resulted in increased shoot elongation, shoot fresh and dry weights, and root fresh and dry weights but suppressed the depth of the root system. The supernatants resulted in increased shoot DNA but not root DNA. Shoot and root contents of RNA and protein were also enhanced. Effects probably caused by activity of plant growth regulators.
Activation of Programmed Cell Death in the Rat Ventral Prostate after Castration* (1988)

The rapid involution of the rat ventral prostate after castration is an active process initiated by removal of the inhibitory effects of androgen on prostatic cell death. The present studies demonstrate that after castration-induced androgen deprivation a series of temporally discrete biochemical events are activated which result in the rapid programmed death of the subset of androgen-dependent cells within the rat ventral prostate. These biochemical steps involve 1) rapid loss of nuclear androgen receptor retention; by 12 h after castration, androgen receptors are no longer detectable in ventral prostatic nuclei; 2) an initial fragmentation of nuclear DNA into low mol wt (less than 1000 basepairs) nucleosomal oligomers which lack intranucleosomal break points; and 3) eventual complete digestion of these nucleosomal oligomers into component nucleotides. Additional studies demonstrate that activation of a Ca2+-Mg2+-dependent endonuclease is associated with this DNA fragmentation. By 4 days after castration, maximal DNA fragmentation is obtained, with 15% of the total nuclear DNA extractable as low mol wt fragments. Proteolytic enzymes are apparently not involved initially in this process, suggesting that DNA fragmentation is a discrete event in, rather than a result of, cell death. Flow cytometric analysis of nuclear DNA content demonstrated that each day after castration, a subpopulation of androgen-dependent cells in rat ventral prostate fragmented all of their genomic DNA, as opposed to the whole population of cells fragmenting an increasing portion of their DNA daily.
Glycerylphosphorylcholine and choline glycerophosphate (1948)

Research Article| January 01 1948 Glycerylphosphorylcholine and choline glycerophosphate M. Aloisi; M. Aloisi 1Centro di Studio per la Fisiopatologia del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Patologia Generale, Rome Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar P. Buffa P. Buffa 1Centro di Studio per la Fisiopatologia del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Patologia Generale, Rome Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1948) 43 (1): 157–160.1. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0430157 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation M. Aloisi, P. Buffa; Glycerylphosphorylcholine and choline glycerophosphate. Biochem J 1 January 1948; 43 (1): 157–160.1. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0430157 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1948 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1948 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Single-domain model for toggle MRAM (2006)

An overview is presented of the use of a single-domain model for developing an understanding of the switching of two coupled magnetic free layers for toggle MRAM (magnetic random access memory). The model includes the effects of length, width, thickness, magnetization, thickness asymmetry, intrinsic anisotropy, exchange coupling, dipole coupling, and applied magnetic field. First, a simple perturbative approach is used to understand the basic phenomena at low fields, including the critical switching curve and activation energy. Then the more general model is applied in order to understand the effects of saturation at large field, and thickness asymmetry. The major results are that toggle MRAM should have a larger margin for half-select and full-select switching fields than Stoner–Wohlfarth MRAM, and that the activation energy should increase upon half-select, thus eliminating the half-select activated-error problem.
Classification of Lung Tumors on Chest Radiographs by Fractal Texture Analysis (1996)

The results of our study demonstrate the usefulness of fractal texture analysis for classification of lung tumors on chest radiographs.
Type 2 diabetes risk variants and colorectal cancer risk: the Multiethnic Cohort and PAGE studies (2011)

The findings suggest that diabetes risk variants also influence colorectal cancer susceptibility, possibly through mechanisms different from those for diabetes.
PCU (2007)

Culling techniques have always been a central part of computer graphics, but graphics hardware still lack efficient and flexible support for culling. To improve the situation, we introduce the programmable culling unit, which is as flexible as the fragment program unit and capable of quickly culling entire blocks of fragments. Furthermore, it is very easy for the developer to use the PCU as culling programs can be automatically derived from fragment programs containing a discard instruction. Our PCU can be integrated into an existing fragment program unit with a modest hardware overhead of only about 10%. Using the PCU, we have observed shader speedups between 1.4 and 2.1 for relevant scenes.