gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cascade Screening for Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) (2011)

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by abnormally high concentrations of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the blood, which predisposes affected persons to premature coronary heart disease (CHD) and death. FH is one of the most common inherited disorders and the most common one known to cause premature CHD in people of European descent. The vast majority of people with FH have inherited a single mutation from one parent in either the LDL receptor (LDLR), apolipoprotein B (APOB), or proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) genes. Despite their greatly elevated risk of coronary heart disease, most individuals with FH remain undiagnosed, untreated, or inadequately treated. Cascade screening is a mechanism for identifying people at risk for a genetic condition by a process of systematic family tracing. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence in the United Kingdom recommends cascade screening of close biological relatives of people with a clinical diagnosis of FH in order to effectively identify additional FH patients. The ultimate goal of this testing is to reduce morbidity and mortality from heart disease in persons with FH through early diagnosis and effective disease management. The goal of this article is to outline the available evidence on the clinical validity and utility of cascade screening for FH, while emphasizing the availability, usefulness, and recommendation for including DNA testing (if the disease-causing mutation has been identified).
Randomized Multicenter Trial of Hyperthermic Isolated Limb Perfusion With Melphalan Alone Compared With Melphalan Plus Tumor Necrosis Factor: American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Trial Z0020 (2006)

In locally advanced extremity melanoma treated with HILP, the addition of TNF-alpha to melphalan did not demonstrate a significant enhancement of short-term response rates over melphalan alone by the 3-month follow-up, and TNF-alpha plus melphalan was associated with a higher complication rate.
Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID)-Derived Poly(anhydrideesters) in Bone and Periodontal Regeneration (2007)

Bioresorbable polymers offer the potential to deliver biologically active agents that selectively modulate wound healing in bone and periodontal regeneration. This preliminary study characterizes early wound healing in calvarial defects grafted with demineralized bone matrix (DBM) overlaid with membranes made from a novel class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-derived poly(anhydride-esters). These polymers chemically incorporate either salicylic acid (SA) or 5-(2',4'-difluorophenyl)salicylic acid (diflunisal) into the polymeric backbone and release the NSAIDs upon hydrolysis. Inflammatory cell infiltrate in response to the novel NSAID-derived polymers was compared to defects grafted with DBM alone at 10 days and to defects grafted with DBM and overlaid with poly(lactic acid) (PLA; Atrisorb) at 21 days in 8 Wistar rats (350-450 g). Histological analysis of the calvarial sites at 10 days revealed that the NSAID-derived polymers were associated with moderate levels of inflammation similar to defects grafted without polymer (2.3 +/- 0.96 versus 2.0 +/- 0.82, respectively), consistent with the therapeutic activity of salicylic acid and diflunisal. Defects grafted with DBM and overlaid with NSAID-derived polymers at 21 days exhibited mild inflammation; whereas, defects treated with PLA were consistently associated with moderate to severe inflammatory cell infiltrate (1.8 +/- 0.50 versus 2.7 +/- 0.58, respectively). Histopathological findings, such as foreign body giant cells or fibrous encapsulation, were not observed in any defects with NSAID-derived polymers. Cellular features consistent with bone formation were found in all grafted defects. This novel class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-derived poly(anhydride-esters) were well tolerated and elicited no demonstrable increase in inflammation, as shown with PLA, during osseous wound healing in a regenerative application.
A Study of Discomfort with Electrical Stimulation (1992)

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of personality variables and contractile forces on magnitude estimates of pain unpleasantness and pain intensity during varying levels of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES). Thirty volunteers, according to their scores on a preferred coping-style questionnaire, were assigned to one of two groups, one designated "monitors" (information seekers) and the other designated "blunters" (information avoiders). All subjects were administered varying levels of two types of NMES, one causing both afferent stimulation and muscle contraction and one causing only afferent stimulation. Subjects judged the intensity and unpleasantness of each current type using magnitude estimation. Data were analyzed using a 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 (coping style x current type x pain descriptor x current level) analysis of variance. The results indicated that the rate of increase of magnitude estimates for unpleasantness and pain intensity that corresponded to increases in current were dependent on (1) the preferred coping style of the subject, (2) whether the stimulus caused a muscle contraction, and (3) whether the subject was judging the intensity or the unpleasantness of the applied stimulus. Behavioral styles appear to affect how subjects characterize the discomfort associated with NMES, and involuntary muscle contractions contribute to the discomfort felt from NMES. These results suggest that interventions tailored to a preferred coping style may increase a subject's level of tolerance to NMES and thus provide a more beneficial treatment.
Involvement of Myeloid Dendritic Cells in the Development of Gastric Secondary Lymphoid Follicles inHelicobacter pylori-Infected Neonatally Thymectomized BALB/c Mice (2003)

We previously described an animal model of Helicobacter pylori-induced follicular gastritis in neonatally thymectomized (nTx) mice. However, it is still not clear whether antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) in the stomach have a role in the development of secondary follicles in H. pylori-infected nTx mice. We investigated the distribution of DC subsets using this model and examined their roles. To identify lymphoid and myeloid DCs, sections were stained with anti-CD11c (pan-DC marker) in combination with anti-CD8alpha (lymphoid DC marker) or anti-CD11b (myeloid DC marker) and were examined with a confocal microscope. Expression of macrophage inflammatory protein 3alpha (MIP-3alpha), which chemoattracts immature DCs, was analyzed by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) were stained with anti-SKY28 antibodies. In noninfected nTx mice, a few myeloid and lymphoid DCs were observed in the bottom portion of the lamina propria, whereas in H. pylori-infected nTx mice, there was an increased influx of myeloid DCs throughout the lamina propria. FDC staining was also observed in the stomachs of members of the infected group. MIP-3alpha gene expression was upregulated in the infected nTx group, and the immunohistochemistry analysis revealed MIP-3alpha-positive epithelial cells. These data suggest that H. pylori infection upregulates MIP-3alpha gene expression in gastric epithelial cells and induces an influx of myeloid DCs in the lamina propria of the gastric mucosa in nTx mice. Myeloid DCs and FDCs might contribute to the development of gastric secondary lymphoid follicles in H. pylori-infected nTx mice.
Service Composition Based on Natural Language Requests (2009)

The easiest way for a user to express his needs regarding a desired service is to use natural language. The main issues come from the fact that the natural language is incomplete and ambiguous, while the service composition process should lead to valid services. In this paper we propose a natural language service assemblage method based on composition templates (patterns). The use of templates assures that the composition result is always valid. The proposed system, called NLSC (Natural Language Service Composer), was implemented on the top of a service-oriented middleware called WComp and tested in an intelligent home environment.
Water‐Tolerant and Reusable Catalysts for Direct Ester Condensation between Equimolar Amounts of Carboxylic Acids and Alcohols (2004)

Abstract ZrOCl 2 ⋅8 H 2 O and HfOCl 2 ⋅8 H 2 O are highly effective, water‐tolerant, and reusable homogeneous catalysts for direct ester condensation between equimolar amounts of carboxylic acids and alcohols. Notably, zirconium(IV) salts such as ZrOCl 2 ⋅8 H 2 O and Zr(OAc) x (OH) y are potential green catalysts due to their low toxicity, commercial availability at low cost, ease of handling, high catalytic activity, and reusability.
How Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase-binding Protein Binds Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase in the Human Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex (2005)

The dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase-binding protein (E3BP) and the dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2) component enzyme form the structural core of the human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by providing the binding sites for two other component proteins, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), as well as pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases and phosphatases. Despite a high similarity between the primary structures of E3BP and E2, the E3-binding domain of human E3BP is highly specific to human E3, whereas the E1-binding domain of human E2 is highly specific to human E1. In this study, we characterized binding of human E3 to the E3-binding domain of E3BP by x-ray crystallography at 2.6-angstroms resolution, and we used this structural information to interpret the specificity for selective binding. Two subunits of E3 form a single recognition site for the E3-binding domain of E3BP through their hydrophobic interface. The hydrophobic residues Pro133, Pro154, and Ile157 in the E3-binding domain of E3BP insert themselves into the surface of both E3 polypeptide chains. Numerous ionic and hydrogen bonds between the residues of three interacting polypeptide chains adjacent to the central hydrophobic patch add to the stability of the subcomplex. The specificity of pairing for human E3BP with E3 is interpreted from its subcomplex structure to be most likely due to conformational rigidity of the binding fragment of the E3-binding domain of E3BP and its exquisite amino acid match with the E3 target interface.
Longitudinal study of birth weight and adult body mass index in predicting risk of coronary heart disease and stroke in women (2005)

Higher body mass index in adulthood is an especially strong risk factor for coronary heart disease among women who were small at birth. In this large cohort of women, size at birth and adiposity in adulthood interacted to predict events of coronary heart disease but not stroke events.
G Protein-Coupled Receptor APJ and Its Ligand Apelin Act Downstream of Cripto to Specify Embryonic Stem Cells Toward the Cardiac Lineage Through Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase/p70S6 Kinase Signaling Pathway (2009)

Together our data provide evidence for a previously unrecognized function of APJ/apelin in the Cripto signaling pathway governing mesoderm patterning and cardiac specification in mammals.
Recent advances in theCRANKsoftware suite for experimental phasing (2011)

For its first release in 2004, CRANK was shown to effectively detect and phase anomalous scatterers from single-wavelength anomalous diffraction data. Since then, CRANK has been significantly improved and many more structures can be built automatically with single- or multiple-wavelength anomalous diffraction or single isomorphous replacement with anomalous scattering data. Here, the new algorithms that have been developed that have led to these substantial improvements are discussed and CRANK's performance on over 100 real data sets is shown. The latest version of CRANK is freely available for download at http://www.bfsc.leidenuniv.nl/software/crank/ and from CCP4 (http://www.ccp4.ac.uk/).
Optimization of the splice loss between photonic-bandgap fibers and conventional single-mode fibers (2010)

To understand the loss limitations of a splice between a hollow-core fiber and a conventional fiber, we use a numerical model to calculate the expected coupling loss between the NKT Photonics' HC-1550-02 fiber and a single-mode fiber (SMF) of arbitrary step-index profile. When the SMF parameters are optimized, the splice loss is predicted to be as low as approximately 0.6 dB. This minimum is believed to be largely due to mode-shape mismatch. These predictions are confirmed experimentally by optimizing the splice loss between this photonic-bandgap fiber and five SMFs with different mode-field diameters (MFDs) and V numbers. With the SMF-28 fiber, the measured loss is 1.3 dB, in excellent agreement with theory. Using a SMF with parameters close to the optimum values (MFD=7.2 microm and V=2.16), this loss was reduced to a new record value of 0.79 dB.
Type I Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-Kinases (1998)

Type I phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P) 5-kinases (PIP5K) catalyze the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate, an essential lipid molecule in various cellular processes. Here, we report the cloning of the third member (PIP5Kgamma) and the characterization of members of the type I PIP5K family. Type I PIP5Kgamma has two alternative splicing forms, migrating at 87 and 90 kDa on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The amino acid sequence of the central portion of this isoform shows approximately 80% identity with those of the alpha and beta isoforms. Northern blot analysis revealed that the gamma isoform is highly expressed in the brain, lung, and kidneys. Among three isoforms, the beta isoform has the greatest Vmax value for the PtdIns(4)P kinase activity and the gamma isoform is most markedly stimulated by phosphatidic acid. By analyzing deletion mutants of the three isoforms, the minimal kinase core sequence of these isoforms were determined as an approximately 380-amino acid region. In addition, carboxyl-terminal regions of the beta and gamma isoforms were found to confer the greatest Vmax value and the highest phosphatidic acid sensitivity, respectively. It was also discovered that lysine 138 in the putative ATP binding motif of the alpha isoform is essential for the PtdIns(4)P kinase activity. As was the case with the alpha isoform reported previously (Shibasaki, Y., Ishihara, H., Kizuki, N., Asano, T., Oka, Y., Yazaki, Y. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 7578-7581), overexpression of either the beta or the gamma isoform induced an increase in short actin fibers and a decrease in actin stress fibers in COS7 cells. Surprisingly, a kinase-deficient substitution mutant also induced an abnormal actin polymerization, suggesting a role of PIP5Ks via structural interactions with other molecules.
Is the Nucleus Pulposus a Solid or a Fluid? Mechanical Behaviors of the Nucleus Pulposus of the Human Intervertebral Disc (1996)

In response to shear deformations, the nucleus pulposus exhibited significant viscoelastic effects, characteristic of a fluid and a solid. Whether the nucleus pulposus behaves more as a fluid or a solid in vivo depends on the rate of loading.
The nucleoside analog GS-441524 strongly inhibits feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus in tissue culture and experimental cat infection studies (2018)

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a common and highly lethal coronavirus disease of domestic cats. Recent studies of diseases caused by several RNA viruses in people and other species indicate that antiviral therapy may be effective against FIP in cats. The small molecule nucleoside analog GS-441524 is a molecular precursor to a pharmacologically active nucleoside triphosphate molecule. These analogs act as an alternative substrate and RNA-chain terminator of viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase. We determined that GS-441524 was non-toxic in feline cells at concentrations as high as 100 uM and effectively inhibited FIPV replication in cultured CRFK cells and in naturally infected feline peritoneal macrophages at concentrations as low as 1 uM. We determined the pharmacokinetics of GS-441524 in cats in vivo and established a dosage that would sustain effective blood levels for 24 h. In an experimental FIPV infection of cats, GS-441524 treatment caused a rapid reversal of disease signs and return to normality with as little as two weeks of treatment in 10/10 cats and with no apparent toxicity.
Catalytic properties of MIL-101 (2008)

A very high catalytic activity in the cyanosilylation reaction was observed for MIL-101, a chromium based metal-organic framework; moreover, MIL-101 is also a remarkably stable support for palladium in hydrogenation reactions, with significantly higher activity than e.g. palladium on activated carbon.
PLL propagation delay-time influence on linewidth requirements of optical PSK homodyne detection (1991)

Phase-locked loop (PLL) propagation delay-time influence on optical homodyne detection was investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Applying the Pade approximation, which is often used in the control system, to the calculation of the phase-error variance with the nonzero loop delay time, a high-accuracy analytic expression phase-error variance is obtained. The linewidth requirement with the nonnegligible loop delay time for phase-shift-keying (PSK) homodyne detection is obtained as delta nu =2.04*10/sup -3// tau where delta nu (hertz) is beat linewidth and tau (seconds) is the loop delay time. The linewidth requirement with small delay time approaches delta nu =6.2*10/sup -4/ R/sub b/ where R/sub b/ (bits-per-second) is the system bit rate. Results were confirmed by a 10-GB/s optical PSK homodyne detection experiment using external cavity laser diodes. Receiver sensitivity degradations due to loop delay time and beat linewidth are in good agreement with theoretical results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An improved method for anti-islanding by reactive power control (2005)

Recently, the study of the islanding phenomenon, which unfavorably maintains its operation even when the utility grid is removed, has led to the trend of utility interactive inverters in the photovoltaic generation system. In this paper, a novel anti-islanding method is presented. The proposed method can keep the real average power component constant by MPPT control and causes the load current frequency with only a change of the reactive power component under islanding conditions. Its periodical change of the reactive power component can decrease the NDZ (non-detective zone) so that the detection of various loads will be possible. Therefore, the proposed method enables islanding detection, in the worst case, no load-variation compared to before removal of the grid. It has been proven theoretically that the influence of the grid can be minimized in the case of an additional reactive power component and the islanding detection is also confirmed from the experimental results with an inverter for a 3 kW photovoltaic generation system, by applying the proposed anti-islanding method.
Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin‐Induced Macrophage Cytotoxicity against Bladder Cancer Cells (2010)

Many details of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy of bladder cancer have been discovered in the past decades. However, information on a potential role for macrophage cytotoxicity as an effector mechanism is limited. Macrophages play pivotal roles in the host innate immunity and serve as a first line of defense in mycobacterial infection. In addition to their function as professional antigen-presenting cells, the tumoricidal activity of macrophages has also been studied with considerable interest. Studies have shown that activated macrophages are potent in killing malignant cells of various tissue origins. This review summarizes the current understanding of the BCG-induced macrophage cytotoxicity toward bladder cancer cells with an intention to inspire investigation on this important but underdeveloped research field.
The selection and characterization of an invasive variant of the B16 melanoma. (1979)

Several in vitro properties of two variant cell lines of the B16 melanoma (B16-F10 and B16-BL6) with markedly different spontaneous metastatic behavior were examined. The two cell lines were compared with regard to their in vitro growth rate, ability to migrate, ability to adhere to a variety of substrata, detachment rates, production of plasminogen activator, and cell surface proteins as determined by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination. Growth rates in vitro, attachment rates, and qualitative patterns of cell surface proteins were almost identical. B16-F10 cells (the less spontaneously metastatic line) produced greater amounts of plasminogen activator, were more motile in vitro, and detached more readily from plastic than the more invasive B16-BL6 cells. The study of tumor cell variants, selected for different biologic behavior, is a valuable approach to the elucidation of those mechanisms responsible for their malignant activity.
Identification of a cis-acting element that enhances the pigment cell-specific expression of the human tyrosinase gene. (1992)

To identify the cis-acting element that is responsible for the pigment cell-specific expression of the human tyrosinase gene, we analyzed the promoter activity of its 5'-flanking region by transient expression assays. The fusion genes were constructed by inserting the 5'-flanking region of the human tyrosinase gene upstream from the firefly luciferase gene and were introduced into human melanoma cells and HeLa cells. We thus found the element, located between 2.7 and 1.8 kilobase pairs upstream from the transcription initiation site, that enhances the transient expression of the luciferase reporter gene in melanoma cells, but not in HeLa cells, the tyrosinase gene expression of which is not detectable. Using the fusion genes containing putative enhancer elements under the control of the heterologous simian virus 40 promoter, we identified the pigment cell-specific enhancer of approximately 200 base pairs (bp) between -2.0 and -1.8 kilobase pairs and localized the core sequence to a 39-bp region. This 39-bp core element was then confirmed to direct the melanoma cell-specific expression of the reporter gene under the tyrosinase gene promoter. We thus propose that this core element is responsible for the pigment cell-specific expression of the human tyrosinase gene.
A novel antagonist of prostaglandin D2 blocks the locomotion of eosinophils and basophils (2008)

AZ11665362 is a potent CRTH2 antagonist that is capable of blocking the migration of eosinophils and basophils, and the rapid mobilization of eosinophils from bone marrow. AZ11665362 might hence be useful for the treatment of allergic diseases.
Learning Disabilities, Employment Discrimination, and the ADA (1995)

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 was intended to prohibit discrimination against individuals with disabilities. Although the scope of this legislation is broad, there are aspects of Title I and Title II of the ADA that may be of particular interest to persons with learning disabilities who are preparing for employment. This article discusses those aspects and presents case studies to demonstrate how the ADA could potentially be applied to typical situations. Suggestions are given for individuals with learning disabilities, their parents, and teachers with regard to employment preparation in secondary and postsecondary settings.