gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulp Capping of Carious Exposures: Treatment Outcome after 5 and 10 Years: A Retrospective Study (2000)

One hundred twenty-three pulp cappings had been performed by students in 1984 to 1987 (= 10-yr group) or in 1990 to 1992 (= 5-yr group) and were followed up in 1997. Teeth were checked for sensitivity (CO2/electrical pulp testing), percussion, and palpation; radiographs were taken to assess periapical status. In addition several other factors were determined that might have an influence on the success or failure rates, such as base material, type of restoration, site of exposure, etc. Results showed 44.5% failures (18.5% questionable and 37% successful cases) in the 5-yr group and 79.7% failing, 7.3% questionable, and 13% successful cases in the 10-yr group. As a factor of influence, the placement of a definitive restoration within the first 2 days after pulp exposure was found to contribute significantly to the survival rate of these teeth.
Overexpression of neu-related lipocalin (NRL) in neu-initiated but not ras or chemically initiated rat mammary carcinomas. (1995)

The activated neu (HER2/c-erbB-2) oncogene is extremely potent in inducing mammary cancer. For example, neu induces greater than 200 times as many tumors as the activated ras oncogene when directly introduced into in situ rat mammary epithelial cells using replication-defective retroviral vectors. In order to characterize mechanisms underlying this potency, we sought to identify uniquely overexpressed genes in neu-initiated tumors that were not overexpressed in tumors induced by weaker initiating agents, including activated ras and the chemical carcinogens dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and N-nitroso-N-methylurea. Several genes, including those encoding keratin K7 and the u haplotype of MHC class I RT1-A, were found to be overexpressed in neu-initiated carcinomas as well as in mammary carcinomas induced by other agents, when compared to their expression in normal mammary tissue. One gene, however, encoding a member of the lipocalin and calycin protein families, was 12-fold overexpressed in neu mammary tumors and was not overexpressed in ras or chemically induced carcinomas. This uniquely overexpressed gene was termed neu-related lipocalin (NRL). NRL protein was produced in a baculovirus system, purified and used to generate polyclonal antibodies. Western blot analysis indicate that neu-initiated mammary carcinomas express abundant NRL protein when compared to other mammary tumors.
Genetic Control of High Oleic Acid Content in Sunflower Oil1 (1987)

Sunflower ( Helianthm annuus L.) oil high in oleic fatty acid composition is less susceptible to oxidative changes during refining, storage, and frying; therefore, quality is retained longer than sunflower oil high in linoleic fatty acid in both processed oil and the seed. Objectives of this study were to: (i) determine if oleic content of sunflower oil was maternally influenced, (ii) determine the genetic control of oleic acid content, and (iii) identify any modifying factors influencing high oleic acid content. High oleic lines of sunflower derived from ‘Pervenets’ were crossed with the low oleic inbred line, HA 89. The F 1 seed was intermediate in oleic acid content with reciprocal crosses showing maternal effects. This maternal effect on oleic acid is important in determining isolation of both hybrid seed production and general field production of high oleic acid and high linoleic acid sunflower. Oleic acid content was controlled by a major gene with partially dominant gene action, Ol , and a second gene, designated ml . When the recessive gene, ml , is present in homozygous condition, and combined with the gene Ol , oleic levels in seed were elevated to 820 g kg −1 of oil or higher. The linear correlation coefficient between linoleic and oleic acid content for seed analyzed was −0.84, indicating that linoleic and oleic were the fatty acids primarily affected. For expression of very high oleic content in a sunflower hybrid grown in the north central states of the USA, a dominant allele of the Ol gene and the recessive alleles, mlml , of the Ml gene will be necessary.
POLYELECTROLYTE COMPLEXES (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPOLYELECTROLYTE COMPLEXESAlan S. MichaelsCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1965, 57, 10, 32–40Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50670a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50670a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2558Altmetric-Citations411LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Purification and Characterization of Bimodular and Trimodular Derivatives of the Erythromycin Polyketide Synthase (1997)

Modular polyketide synthases (PKSs), such as the 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase (DEBS), catalyze the biosynthesis of structurally complex and medicinally important natural products. DEBS is a dimeric protein complex that consists of three large multidomain polypeptide chains, DEBS 1, DEBS 2, and DEBS 3. In turn, each polypeptide includes two modules, where one module is responsible for a single round of condensation and associated reduction reactions. A hybrid protein comprised of the first two modules of DEBS fused to a thioesterase domain (DEBS 1 + TE) was purified to homogeneity in a fully active form (Kcat = 4.8 min-1). Synthesis of the anticipated triketide lactone required the presence of (2RS)-methylmalonyl-CoA and NADPH. When available, propionyl-CoA is the preferred source of primer units. However, in its absence the enzyme can derive primer units via decarboxylation of a methylmalonyl extender. The two subunits of an engineered trimodular derivative of DEBS, DEBS 1 and module 3 of DEBS 2 linked to the TE domain (module 3 + TE), were also individually purified and reconstituted to produce the expected tetraketide lactone in vitro (Kcat = 0.23 min-1). The considerably lower specific activity of this trimodular PKS relative to its bimodular counterpart presumably reflects inefficient association between DEBS 1 and module 3 + TE. As expected, module 3 + TE could be efficiently cross-linked as a homodimer. In contrast, no cross-links were detectable between modules 2 and 3, even though biosynthesis of the tetraketide requires transient interactions to occur between these two modules. Since module 3 only contains the minimal set of active sites required in a module (a ketosynthase, an acyltransferase, and an acyl carrier protein domain) and is the first active unimodular protein to be purified to homogeneity, it represents an attractive target for future biophysical and structural studies.
Asynchronous communication on Occam (1988)

In this paper primitives for asynchronous process communication are defined and added to the programming language Occam. Most of the existing concurrent programming concepts have synchronization mechanisms built-in the communication primitives degrading process independency and restricting the parallelism they are trying to provide. Asynchronous process communication provides more freedom in programming concurrent systems allowing non-blocking semantics for both send and receive primitives. Messages are buffered and a number of operations over buffered but not yet received messages are defined, allowing programmer to set or dynamically change the communication discipline needed for the particular application. The goal of the work presented is to relax strict process communication discipline and to make Occam more convenient for expressing concurrency needed for real-time applications. Although Occam is based on the synchronous communication model, its low level facilities provide a possibility to create the semantics of concurrency completely different from the one initially offered.
Better Environment, Better Staff (1995)

The article discusses result of a survey addressing the quality of work life among audit personnel in the U.S. The result shows that dissatisfaction in the work environment affects staff's performance. Creating customer value is one of the issues in business establishment. As stated, clients are demanding the expertise that comes with experiences. The quality of work environment may persuade outstanding staff members to pursue other career options. Financial rewards of public accounting are not the basis for changes in the rating of staff.
Aerocapture Inflatable Decelerator (AID) for Planetary Entry (2007)

Forward Attached Inflatable Decelerators, more commonly known as inflatable aeroshells, provide an effective, cost efficient means of decelerating spacecrafts by using atmospheric drag for aerocapture or planetary entry instead of conventional liquid propulsion deceleration systems. Entry into planetary atmospheres results in significant heating and aerodynamic pressures which stress aeroshell systems to their useful limits. Incorporation of lightweight inflatable decelerator surfaces with increased surface-area footprints provides the opportunity to reduce heat flux and induced temperatures, while increasing the payload mass fraction. Furthermore, inflatable aeroshell decelerators provide the needed deceleration at considerably higher altitudes and Mach numbers when compared with conventional rigid aeroshell entry systems. Inflatable aeroshells also provide for stowage in a compact space, with subsequent deployment of a large-area, lightweight heatshield to survive entry heating. Use of a deployable heatshield decelerator enables an increase in the spacecraft payload mass fraction and may eliminate the need for a spacecraft backshell.
High Temperature Sulfidation and Oxidation Behavior of Sputter-Deposited Al-refractory Metal Alloys (1996)

The sulfidation and oxidation behavior of sputter-deposited Al–Mo, Al–Nb, Al–Ta and Al–W binary alloys has been investigated under isothermal-isobarometric conditions at the temperature ranging from 1073 to 1273 K. High temperature sulfidation was carried out in He–S2 atmosphere with sulfur vapor pressure kept constant at 1 kPa, and high temperature oxidation was carried out in Ar–O2 atmosphere with oxygen pressure fixed to 20 kPa. In sulfidation tests, these alloys showed superior high temperature sulfidation resistance to the known metallic materials, and the sulfidation rates of these alloys were comparable to those of refractory metals. The sulfide scales of these alloys were composed of bilayer, and it was revealed that the formation of the inner protective sulfide scale of refractory metal was responsible for the lower sulfidation rate of these alloys. The oxidation rates of these alloys were much lower than that of corresponding refractory metals, but higher than those of typical alumina-forming alloys because of the formation of refractory metal oxides or their double oxides with aluminum.
A scalable and switchless optical network structure, employing a single 32 x 32 free-space grating multiplexer (1996)

Use of a single N/spl times/N wavelength multiplexer, to interconnect optically off order N/sup 2/ terminals without the use of space switches (hence switchless), is limited by call blocking and crosstalk in the multiplexer. Since all ports re-use the same wavelengths, poor crosstalk can cause severe homodyne beat-noise, particularly in planar N/spl times/N multiplexers. A scalable, distributed, optical broadcast-switching network structure has been demonstrated, which overcomes blocking by using wavelength conversion in "dummy" ports around a 32/spl times/32-port free-spare grating multiplexer. Measured background crosstalk rejection below -60 dB would allow 170/spl times/170 ports with tolerable beat-noise, supporting 7300 terminals (without concentration or time-sharing). With further expected crosstalk improvements, free-space N/spl times/N multiplexers are essential for scaling the architecture to large networks, which could interconnect up to millions of terminals (with concentration or time-sharing).
The neuroprotective agent ebselen modifies NMDA receptor function via the redox modulatory site (2001)

Ebselen is a seleno-organic compound currently in clinical trials for the treatment of ischemic stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Its putative mode of action as a neuroprotectant is via cyclical reduction and oxidation reactions, in a manner akin to glutathione peroxidase. For this reason, we have investigated the effects of ebselen on the redox-sensitive NMDA receptor. We have found that ebselen readily reversed dithiothreitol (DTT) potentiation of NMDA-mediated currents in cultured neurons and in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing wild-type NMDA NR1/NR2B receptors. In contrast, ebselen was unable to modulate NMDA-induced currents in neurons previously exposed to the thiol oxidant 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), or in CHO cells expressing a mutant receptor lacking the NR1 redox modulatory site, suggesting that ebselen oxidizes the NMDA receptor via this site. In addition, ebselen was substantially less effective in modifying NMDA responses in neurons exposed to alkylating agent N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) following DTT treatment. Ebselen also reversed DTT block of carbachol-mediated currents in Cos-7 cells expressing the alpha(2)beta delta epsilon subunits of the acetylcholine receptor, an additional redox-sensitive ion channel. Ebselen was observed to significantly increase cell viability following a 30-min NMDA exposure in cultured neurons. In contrast, other more typical antioxidant compounds did not afford neuroprotection in a similar paradigm. We conclude that ebselen may be neuroprotective in part due to its actions as a modulator of the NMDA receptor redox modulatory site.
Intervertebral Disc: Anatomy‐Physiology‐Pathophysiology‐Treatment (2008)

This review article describes anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology and treatment of intervertebral disc. The intervertebral discs lie between the vertebral bodies, linking them together. The components of the disc are nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus and cartilagenous end-plates. The blood supply to the disc is only to the cartilagenous end-plates. The nerve supply is basically through the sinovertebral nerve. Biochemically, the important constituents of the disc are collagen fibers, elastin fibers and aggrecan. As the disc ages, degeneration occurs, osmotic pressure is lost in the nucleus, dehydration occurs, and the disc loses its height. During these changes, nociceptive nuclear material tracks and leaks through the outer rim of the annulus. This is the main source of discogenic pain. While this is occurring, the degenerative disc, having lost its height, effects the structures close by, such as ligamentum flavum, facet joints, and the shape of the neural foramina. This is the main cause of spinal stenosis and radicular pain due to the disc degeneration in the aged populations. Diagnosis is done by a strict protocol and treatment options are described in this review. The rationale for new therapies are to substitute the biochemical constituents, or augment nucleus pulposus or regenerate cartilaginous end-plate or finally artificial disc implantation..
Lipid Binding of Fresh and Stored Formulated Wheat Breads. Relationships with Dough and Bread Technological Performance (2001)

Lipid binding in fresh and stored soured started breads formulated with nonfat [sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), fungal α-amylase-and fat–monoglycerides (MGL), diacetyl tartaric acid ester of mono-diglycerides (DATEM) and sodium stearoyl lactylate (SSL)] additives were determined. Results were correlated with dough and bread technological performance during breadmaking and storage. A preferential binding of the added SSL to the starch with a concomitant displacement of endogenous polar lipids from starch to gluten was observed. Monoglycerides partly bound to the starch and partial remained in the pool of free lipids with displacement of endogenous polar lipids from gluten to starch and free fractions. Addition of DATEM induced similar changes as SSL in association pattern and as MGL in polar lipid translocation. Hydrocolloids showed preferential bindings to the gluten (CMC) and to the starch (HPMC) respectively, associated to a significant displacement of endogenous neutral gluten-bounded lipids to the starchy fraction (CMC) and to a significant release of both starch- and gluten-bonded lipids (HPMC). Addition of α-amylase promoted both a release of endogenous bonded lipids and a binding of glycolipids to the starch whereas the sourer starter induced disaggregation of the starch– and gluten–lipid complexes. Suitable trends in bread lipid parameters for high fermentative power, delayed starch gelatinization, edible fresh bread and reduced bread staleness corresponded to high values of neutral lipids of bonded fractions and high total glycolipid content achieved by the incorporation of SSL and/or CMC into dough formulation.
Measurement of von Willebrand factor-specific mRNA and release and storage of von Willebrand factor from endothelial cells of dogs with type-I von Willebrand's disease (1995)

These findings suggest that the plasma vWf deficit in dogs with type-I vWd results from decreased endothelial cell production of vWf resulting from either decreased transcription of the vWf gene or abnormalities in mRNA processing/stability. This is similar to findings in human beings with type-I vWd.
Central and Peripheral Regulation of Food Intake and Physical Activity: Pathways and Genes (2008)

A changing environment and lifestyle on the background of evolutionary engraved and perinatally imprinted physiological response patterns is the foremost explanation for the current obesity epidemic. However, it is not clear what the mechanisms are by which the modern environment overrides the physiological controls of appetite and homeostatic body-weight regulation. Food intake and energy expenditure are controlled by complex, redundant, and distributed neural systems involving thousands of genes and reflecting the fundamental biological importance of adequate nutrient supply and energy balance. There has been much progress in identifying the important role of hypothalamus and caudal brainstem in the various hormonal and neural mechanisms by which the brain informs itself about availability of ingested and stored nutrients and, in turn, generates behavioral, autonomic, and endocrine output. Some of the genes involved in this "homeostatic" regulator are crucial for energy balance as manifested in the well-known monogenic obesity models. However, it can be clearly demonstrated that much larger portions of the nervous system of animals and humans, including the cortex, basal ganglia, and the limbic system, are concerned with the procurement of food as a basic and evolutionarily conserved survival mechanism to defend the lower limits of adiposity. By forming representations and reward expectancies through processes of learning and memory, these systems evolved to engage powerful emotions for guaranteed supply with, and ingestion of, beneficial foods from a sparse and often hostile environment. They are now simply overwhelmed with an abundance of food and food cues no longer contested by predators and interrupted by famines. The anatomy, chemistry, and functions of these elaborate neural systems and their interactions with the "homeostatic" regulator in the hypothalamus are poorly understood, and many of the genes involved are either unknown or not well characterized. This is regrettable because these systems are directly and primarily involved in the interactions of the modern environment and lifestyle with the human body. They are no less "physiological" than metabolic-regulatory mechanisms that have attracted most of the research during the past 15 years.
Immunostimulatory CpG Motifs Trigger a T Helper-1 Immune Response to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 (HIV-1) gp160 Envelope Proteins (1999)

Bacterial DNA sequences containing unmethylated CpG motifs have recently been proposed to exhibit immunostimulatory effects on B-, T- and NK cells, leading to the induction of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. In the present study we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of a CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN) to the HIV-1 gp 160 envelope (Env) protein in the BALB/c mouse model. Priming and boosting of mice with gp 160 adsorbed to aluminium hydroxide (Alum) induced a typical T helper-2 (Th2)-dominated immune response with high titers of gp 160-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G1 isotypes but a weak IgG2a response. Specifically re-stimulated splenocytes from these mice predominantly secreted interleukin (IL)-5 but only minute amounts of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) upon specific re-stimulation. In contrast, a boost immunisation of gp 160/Alum primed mice with a gp 160/Alum/CpG combination resulted in a seven times higher production of IgG2a antibodies, without affecting the titers of IgG1 isotypes. Furthermore, approximately 10-fold increased levels of IFN-gamma, but significantly reduced amounts of IL-5, were secreted from gp 160-restimulated splenic cells. A further greater than 30-fold increase in the levels of specific IgG2a responses and a substantially elevated secretion of IFN-gamma were observed when the mice received gp160/Alum/CpG combinations for priming and boost injections. Thus, CpG ODNs are useful as an adjuvant to induce a typical Th0/Th1 response to HIV gp 160 proteins. However, despite the induction of a more Th1-like immune response, gp 16O/Alum/CpG combinations were not sufficient to prime an Env-specific cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) response.
Ensemble representation and techniques for exact control-dependent scheduling (1994)

Describes a new exact formulation of control/data-flow scheduling. Unlike current techniques, a closed form solution set is generated in which all satisfying schedules for arbitrary forward branching control/data paths and resource constraints are encapsulated in a compressed ordered binary decision diagram (OBDD) based representation. A robust, iterative construction strategy is presented along with benchmark results. An advantage of this construction is that initial bounds for the number of clock cycles are no longer needed for exact formulations. This strategy also allows the simple formulation of several set-based heuristics as well as controlling the growth of the BDD representation. >
A continuous fluorimetric assay for ATPase activity. (1990)

A new continuous coupled fluorimetric assay is described for ATPases in general. Thus phosphate released from ATP hydrolysis is coupled to the nucleoside phosphorylase reaction using 7-methylguanosine as a fluorescent substrate for the nucleoside phosphorylase reaction. The hydrolysis of 7-methylguanosine leads to 7-methylguanine, which has lower quantum yield and hence can be used to monitor ATP hydrolysis continuously. The method has the potential to be extended to GTPase and nucleotidyltransferase assays.