gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
N-Oleoyldopamine, a Novel Endogenous Capsaicin-like Lipid That Produces Hyperalgesia (2003)

N-Arachidonoyldopamine (NADA) was recently identified as an endogenous ligand for the vanilloid type 1 receptor (VR1). Further analysis of the bovine striatal extract from which NADA was isolated indicated the existence of substances corresponding in molecular mass to N-oleoyldopamine (OLDA), N-palmitoyldopamine (PALDA), and N-stearoyldopamine (STEARDA). Quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometric analysis of bovine striatal extracts revealed the existence of OLDA, PALDA, and STEARDA as endogenous compounds in the mammalian brain. PALDA and STEARDA failed to affect calcium influx in VR1-transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells or paw withdrawal latencies from a radiant heat source, and there was no evidence of spontaneous pain behavior. By contrast, OLDA induced calcium influx (EC(50) = 36 nm), reduced the latency of paw withdrawal from a radiant heat source in a dose-dependent manner (EC(50) = 0.72 microg), and produced nocifensive behavior. These effects were blocked by co-administration of the VR1 antagonist iodo-resiniferatoxin (10 nm for HEK cells and 1 microg/50 micro;l for pain behavior). These findings demonstrate the existence of an endogenous compound in the brain that is similar to capsaicin and NADA in its chemical structure and activity on VR1. Unlike NADA, OLDA was only a weak ligand for rat CB1 receptors; but like NADA, it was recognized by the anandamide membrane transporter while being a poor substrate for fatty-acid amide hydrolase. Analysis of the activity of six additional synthetic and potentially endogenous N-acyldopamine indicated the requirement of a long unsaturated fatty acid chain for an optimal functional interaction with VR1 receptors.
On-line analytical processing in distributed data warehouses (2002)

The concepts of 'data warehousing' and 'on-line analytical processing' have seen a growing interest in the research and commercial product community. Today, the trend moves away from complex centralized data warehouses to distributed data marts integrated in a common conceptual schema. However, as the first part of this paper demonstrates, there are many problems and little solutions for large distributed decision support systems in worldwide operating corporations. After showing the benefits and problems of the distributed approach, this paper outlines possibilities for achieving performance in distributed online analytical processing. Finally, the architectural framework of the prototypical distributed OLAP system CUBESTAR is outlined.
Constraints on the transport and glycosylation of recombinant IFN-? in Chinese hamster ovary and insect cells (1999)

In this study we compare intracellular transport and processing of a recombinant glycoprotein in mammalian and insect cells. Detailed analysis of the N-glycosylation of recombinant human IFN-gamma by matrix-assisted laser-desorption mass spectrometry showed that the protein secreted by Chinese hamster ovary and baculovirus-infected insect Sf9 cells was associated with complex sialylated or truncated tri-mannosyl core glycans, respectively. However, the intracellular proteins were predominantly associated with high-mannose type oligosaccharides (Man-6 to Man-9) in both cases, indicating that endoplasmic reticulum to cis-Golgi transport is a predominant rate-limiting step in both expression systems. In CHO cells, although there was a minor intracellular subpopulation of sialylated IFN-gamma glycoforms identical to the secreted product (therefore associated with late-Golgi compartments or secretory vesicles), no other intermediates were evident. Therefore, anterograde transport processes in the Golgi stack do not limit secretion. In Sf9 insect cells, there was no direct evidence of post-ER glycan-processing events other than core fucosylation and de-mannosylation, both of which were glycosylation site-specific. To investigate the influence of nucleotide-sugar availability on cell-specific glycosylation, the cellular content of nucleotide-sugar substrates in both mammalian and insect cells was quantitatively determined by anion-exchange HPLC. In both host cell types, UDP-hexose and UDP-N-acetylhexosamine were in greater abundance relative to other substrates. However, unlike CHO cells, sialyltransferase activity and CMP-NeuAc substrate were not present in uninfected or baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells. Similar data were obtained for other insect cell hosts, Sf21 and Ea4. We conclude that although the limitations on intracellular transport and secretion of recombinant proteins in mammalian and insect cells are similar, N-glycan processing in Sf insect cells is limited, and that genetic modification of N-glycan processing in these insect cell lines will be constrained by substrate availability to terminal galactosylation.
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides Derived from Food Proteins: Biochemistry, Bioactivity and Production (2007)

Food proteins contain latent biofunctional peptide sequences within their primary structures which may have the ability to exert a physiological response in vivo. A large range of biofunctional peptides have been isolated from food proteins including opioid, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, mineral binding, growth and muscle stimulating, anti-cancer, proteinase and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE, EC 3.4.15.1) inhibitory peptides. The biofunctional peptide activity currently most studied in food proteins appears to be those that inhibit ACE. ACE plays a central role in the regulation of blood pressure (BP) through the production of the potent vasoconstrictor, angiotensin (Ang) II , and the degradation of the vasodilator, bradykinin (BK). ACE inhibitory peptides may therefore have the ability to lower BP in vivo by limiting the vasoconstrictory effects of Ang II and by potentiating the vasodilatory effects of BK. These ACE inhibitory peptides can be enzymatically released from intact proteins in vitro and in vivo during food processing and gastrointestinal digestion, respectively. ACE inhibitory peptides may be generated in or incorporated into functional foods in the development of 'natural' beneficial health products. Several products are currently on the market or are in development that contain peptide sequences which have ACE inhibitory properties. Detailed human studies are required in order to demonstrate the efficacy of these bioactive peptides prior to their widespread utilisation as physiologically beneficial functional foods/food ingredients.
Colonoscopic resection of large colonic polyps--a prospective study. (1997)

Forty-five patients who were referred for surgical resection of large colonic polyps after index colonoscopy were considered for endoscopic polypectomy. Eighteen of these patients were ultimately referred for surgery. Twenty-five patients with 25 large polyps underwent endoscopic polypectomy; there were 9 females and 16 males with a mean age of 69 years. Among the polypectomy patients, polyp size was 3.0-6.0 cm, found mostly in the left colon. There were 21 pedunculated and 4 sessile polyps. Follow-up was carried out for a mean of 48 months (range, 12-171 months). Polypectomy was possible on a single attempt in 12 (48%) cases and in 13 (52%) cases by a piecemeal technique. Pathological examination revealed malignancy in 11 (44%), adenomatous polyp in 11 (44%), and inflammatory, hyperplastic and harmartoma in 1 patient each. Complications included bleeding in 3 (12%) patients and diarrhea and fever in 1 (4%). All complications were successfully treated conservatively without sequellae. Two patients were referred for surgery, 1 with invasion of the base of the polyp and 1 because of a synchronous malignant polyp. During follow-up, 8 metachronous polyps were detected. In 1 of these, a carcinoma was found and treated with endoscopic polypectomy. In conclusion, endoscopic polypectomy of large polyps is safe and can defer surgical treatment. Regular follow-up is required. Endoscopic polypectomy of large polyps should be considered before referral for surgical treatment.
Vida cotidiana en un Puerto Caribeño: Maracaibo a fines del siglo XIX (2006)

En este articulo se estudian las condiciones materiales en que se encontraba el habitat urbano de Maracaibo para finales del siglo diecinueve y como esa situacion afectaba la cotidianidad de sus pobladores. En este periodo la ciudad empieza a adquirir aires de urbe pero sobre ella pesa el imaginario heredado de la pertenencia en la larga duracion al mundo hispanico, representando una etapa de contraposiciones entre la modernidad y las tradiciones; la primera expresada en obras arquitectonicas y servicios urbanos, asi como en algunas manifestaciones de la vida social, cultural e intelectual, mientras que la segunda se manifiesta en la mentalidad, valores, costumbres tradicionales que atentaba contra lospatrones de urbanidad y habitos de vida moderna que se intentaban imponer desde el sector dirigente. La reconstruccion de las condiciones de vida urbana de la ciudad de Maracaibose realizo a partir de las fuentes oficiales localizadas en el Acervo Historico del estado Zulia, memorias de viajeros, prensa, anuarios, entre otras. Esta tematica se aborda comoexpresion del proceso historico regional, nacional y mundial.Palabras claves: condiciones de vida, siglo XX, Maracaibo, Venezuela
Emotion Analysis using FST (1998)

The emotions and autonomous nerve system are physiologically closely related, as are emotions and facial skin temperature because changes in FST are caused by vein constrictions. We studied objective emotion discrimination using facial skin thermography. The emotions are equanimity, fear, angry, joy and sadness. Measurement results showed that FST increased in anger, joy, and sadness but decreased in fear and that nasal FST changes the most, but it is difficult to discriminate between feelings by measurement results. This paper describes feeling by thermogram of the nose based on a neural network. In this experiment, the FST among test subjects made the different of skin temperature's distance. For a solution, the method to make use of input data of Neural Network by formal data. Before of this problem, Neural Network did not converge. After solution, it attained a recognition rate of 71.7%. This paper shows that this system is efficient. It showed that there is some possibility of quantitative evaluation of feelings and of various application of the system in the future.
Severe asthma (2006)

<h3>Key points</h3> Not all patients with “difficult-to-control” asthma have “severe asthma”. Many of them have either an incorrect diagnosis, or mild-moderate asthma with unrecognised aggravating factors, or are non-compliant with prescribed therapy. For a diagnosis of severe asthma, it is necessary to confirm the diagnosis of asthma, to evaluate and treat endogenous and exogenous aggravating factors, and to closely follow the patient for ≥6 months. Severe asthma is a heterogeneous condition with different phenotypes. Defining clinical phenotypes is necessary to improve understanding of underlying mechanisms, to help guide current treatment and to provide clues for novel therapeutic interventions. Despite intensive multi-drug treatment with high-dose inhaled and oral corticosteroids, many patients with severe asthma remain uncontrolled. There is an urgent need for new, more-effective treatments. <h3>Educational aims</h3> To help the reader distinguish between “difficult-to-control”, “refractory” and “severe” asthma. To discuss the initial approach to and assessment of a patient with difficult-to-control asthma. To inform the reader how to recognise different clinical phenotypes of severe asthma. To outline management strategies and discuss treatment modalities. <h3>Summary</h3> “Severe asthma” refers to asthma that remains difficult to control despite intensive multidrug therapy, extensive assessment and management of comorbidity, and long-term observation by an asthma specialist. The three main clinical phenotypes of severe asthma include asthma with frequent severe exacerbations, asthma with chronic airflow limitation, and steroid-resistant asthma. Many patients with severe asthma are oral-steroid dependent. Classical steroid-sparing drugs (gold, methotrexate, cyclosporin) are only weakly effective and have unacceptable side-effects. Monoclonal antibodies against immunoglobulin (Ig)E and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α have shown clinical benefit in subgroups of patients with severe asthma, and large studies are under way to confirm these promising findings.
Requirement for CD8+ T cells in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness in a marine model of airway sensitization. (1996)

To study the role of CD8+ T cells in allergic sensitization, we examined the effects of in vivo depletion of CD8+ T cells prior to sensitization on IgE production, immediate type cutaneous hypersensitivity and development of altered airway responsiveness. BALB/c mice were thymectomized and treated with anti-CD8 antibody resulting in depletion of CD8+ T cells (<1%) in spleen and lymphoid tissues. In these mice, sensitization to ovalbumin (OVA) via the airways still resulted in IgE anti-OVA responses and immediate cutaneous reactions to OVA, but the animals were unable to develop airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophil infiltration of the lung parenchyma, or IL-5 production in the local lymph nodes of the airway. Transfer of CD8+ T cells from naive animals during sensitization (on day 8 of the 10-d protocol) fully restored the ability to develop airway hyperresponsiveness and this was accompanied by IL-5 production and eosinophil accumulation in the lung. These data indicate a critical role for CD8+ T cells in the production of IL-5 and the development of altered airway responsiveness after antigen sensitization through the airways.
The genomic organisation of the human pseudoautosomal gene MIC2 and the detection of a related locus (1993)

The human pseudoautosomal gene MIC2 encodes a 185 amino acid cell surface antigen recognised by the monoclonal antibody 12E7. The gene is abundantly expressed in all tissues tested and a role in cell-cell interactions has been suggested. We describe here the isolation of 95kb of genomic DNA encompassing the entire MIC2 gene. The gene is 52kb in size and orientated towards the centromere. As predicted by previous genetic studies, the 5' end of MIC2 is located 95kb from the pseudoautosomal boundary and confirming that the elevated rate of recombination in pseudoautosomal region is continuous up to the boundary. The gene is divided into ten exons which show correlation with predicted domains of the protein and are considerably smaller than the average for mammalian genes. Evolutionary studies indicate that the gene can be detected by DNA hybridisation only in primates, however genomic probes for both exons 1 and 5 detect related locus present on both the human X and Y chromosomes.
Modulation of cell growth and differentiation by ceramide (1992)

Ceramide has been suggested as an intracellular modulator of cell growth and differentiation [Okazaki, T. et al. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 15823-15831]. In this study, parameters that modulate the effects of ceramide on HL-60 cell growth and differentiation were examined. A short-chain, cell-permeable analog of ceramide, C2-ceramide, induced differentiation of HL-60 human leukemia cells and inhibited HL-60 growth in a concentration-dependent manner. The potency of C2-ceramide was modulated by the starting cell density such that the concentration of C2-ceramide producing 50% inhibition of cell growth (IC50%) ranged from 2 microM (for cells suspended at 1 x 10(5) cells/ml) to 11 microM (for cells at 8 x 10(5) cells/ml). However, the IC50% showed little variation if the concentration of C2-ceramide was expressed as fmol of C2-ceramide per 10(5) cells. Therefore, the effectiveness of C2-ceramide appeared to be primarily determined by its cellular rather than molar concentration. Binding of C2-ceramide to serum proteins resulted in a 10-fold increase in the IC50%. These results demonstrate that the biologic activity of C2-ceramide is subject to surface dilution kinetics and is sensitive to the presence of lipid-binding proteins. In these properties, ceramide behaves as a prototypic lipid second messenger/intracellular mediator.
ICE Math: Geometric Software Illustrating Concentric Circles In Figure Skating (2013)

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Pharmacokinetics of afatinib in subjects with mild or moderate hepatic impairment (2014)

Mild to moderate hepatic impairment had no clinically relevant effect on the pharmacokinetics of a single 50 mg dose of afatinib, implying that adjustments to the starting dose of afatinib are not considered necessary in this patient population.
Adult T-cell leukemia-derived factor/thioredoxin, produced by both human T-lymphotropic virus type I- and Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphocytes, acts as an autocrine growth factor and synergizes with interleukin 1 and interleukin 2. (1990)

Interleukin 1 (IL-1) has been obtained from the Epstein-Barr virus-infected B-lymphoblastoid cell line 3B6 and shown to be involved in autocrine growth of 3B6 B cells. Independently, adult T-cell leukemia-derived factor (ADF) was purified from human T-lymphotropic virus I-infected leukemic T-cell line (ATL-2) and reported as an interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor-inducing factor. We have previously reported the same molecular mass, pI, and NH2-terminal amino acid sequence for both 3B6-derived IL-1 and ADF. cDNA cloning of ADF demonstrated high homology with the prokaryotic disulfide reducing enzyme thioredoxin. We show here that ADF and 3B6-derived IL-1 are identical. By RNA blot, 3B6 and ATL-2 cells were shown to contain high levels of 0.6-kilobase mRNA corresponding to ADF. Such message was not detected in resting peripheral blood lymphocytes but could be weakly induced by lymphocyte activation. Antibodies have been raised against synthetic peptides corresponding to the NH2 terminus and the COOH terminus of ADF. Immunoblotting and sequential immunoprecipitation with these antibodies revealed the same 13-kDa protein in 3B6 and ATL-2 cells. Recombinant ADF could sustain growth of 3B6 and ATL-2 cells at low cellular concentration without fetal calf serum; ADF, thus, appears involved in their autocrine growth. Similarly, recombinant ADF could enhance growth of other B-cell lines, including the Epstein-Barr virus-negative Burkitt lymphoma line BL41 and the lymphoblastoid cell lines CRAG8, CRB95, and 1G8. Finally, recombinant ADF exhibits marked synergism with other cytokines, such as IL-1 and IL-2, allowing virally infected lymphocytes to respond to suboptimal amounts of a variety of growth factors.
Access control in a relational data base management system by query modification (1974)

This work describes the access control system being implemented in INGRES (INteractive Graphics and REtrieval System). The scheme can be applied to any relational data base management system and has several advantages over other suggested schemes.
Collagen-and collagen peptide-induced chemotaxis of human blood monocytes. (1976)

The ability of collagen and collagen-derived peptides to act as chemotactic stimuli was investigated by in vitro chemotaxis assays. Native human and chick skin collagen (type I) and alpha-chains obtained from purified chick skin collagen were each chemotactic for human peripheral blood monocytes. In addition, smaller peptides obtained either by digesting native collagen with bacterial collagenase or by degrading purified alpha-chains with cyanogen bromide or pepsin were also chemotactic for monocytes. In contrast, native collagen, alpha-chains, and smaller collagen-derived peptides were not chemotactic for human neutrophils. Since collagen is degraded at sites of tissue damage and inflammation, our findings suggest the possibility that such collagen-derived degradation products might directly serve as chemotactic stimuli for human peripheral blood monocytes in vivo.
An Affinity-Based Method for the Purification of Fluorescently-Labeled Biomolecules (2006)

Due to the difficulty of separating mixtures of labeled and unlabeled biomolecules, a general new method for the affinity purification of modified proteins has been developed. A Sepharose-based solid support bearing beta-cyclodextrin groups was used to capture chromophore-modified proteins selectively, while unmodified proteins remained in solution. After isolation of the resin, the modified proteins were released by treating the sample with a competitive cyclodextrin binder, such as adamantane carboxylic acid. This procedure was demonstrated for several dyes displaying a wide range of spectral characteristics and diverse chemical structures. Preliminary studies have shown that this method can also be used to enrich modified peptide fragments present in proteolytic digests. This technique is anticipated to accelerate the development of new protein modification reactions and could provide a useful tool for proteomics applications.