gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A subpopulation of B220+ cells in murine bone marrow does not express CD19 and contains natural killer cell progenitors. (1996)

Bone marrow of both normal and rearrangement-deficient mice contains a small population of B220(CD45R)+ cells, which do not express the B lineage marker CD19. Instead, part of this population coexpresses the surface marker CD43 and lacks or expresses very low levels of heat stable antigen (HSA) and BP-1, thus representing a part of Hardy's fraction A (B220(+)-CD43+HSA-, BP-1-) of B lineage development. However, some 20-40% of these B220(+)-CD19- cells also coexpress the NK1.1 surface molecule and do not express genes like VpreB or B29 restricted to the B cell lineage. These cells respond to recombinant interleukin 2 in vitro, and develop into killer cells that can lyse the prototypic NK target tumor cell, YAC-1, as well as syngeneic normal lipopolysaccharide or concanavalin A blasts, providing they lack the surface expression of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. The implications of these findings for studies on B lymphopoiesis are discussed. It is suggested that the CD19-specific monoclonal antibody is more reliable, as in humans, than B220(CD45R) to detect B lineage cells in mice.
O-glycosylation in hinge region of mouse immunoglobulin G2b. (1994)

Mouse monoclonal immunoglobulin G2b (IgG2b) antibodies are known to contain two forms of the heavy chain that are different in susceptibility to the protease attack. In the present study, by use of an affinity column containing sialic acid-binding lectins from Maackia amurensis seeds, a mouse monoclonal IgG2b was successfully separated into three phenotypes, which are different in the degree of sialylation in the heavy chain. In the N-linked oligosaccharides from all of the IgG2b phenotypes, virtually no sialylation was detected. Elution profiles of the lysyl endopeptidase digestion products were compared for the three phenotypes. The peptides eluted at different retention times were subjected to fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry and amino acid sequence analyses. It was revealed that approximately 40% of the heavy chain of the mouse IgG2b are O-glycosylated at Thr-221A in the hinge region, predominantly with a tetrasaccharide composed of GalNAc, Gal, and two N-glycolylneuraminic acid residues. We suggest that the O-glycosylation renders the hinge region resistant against the proteolyses of the heavy chain. A therapeutic significance of the O-glycosylation of IgG2b is briefly discussed.
The Mode of Action of Centrin (2004)

Centrin is an EF-hand calcium-binding protein closely related to the prototypical calcium sensor protein calmodulin. It is found in microtubule-organizing centers of organisms ranging from algae and yeast to man. In vitro, the C-terminal domain of centrin binds to the yeast centrosomal protein Kar1p in a calcium-dependent manner, whereas the N-terminal domain does not show any appreciable affinity for Kar1p. To obtain deeper insights into the structural basis for centrin's function, we have characterized the affinities of the C-terminal domain of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii centrin for calcium and for a peptide fragment of Kar1p using CD, fluorescence, and NMR spectroscopy. Calcium binding site IV in C. reinhardtii centrin was found to bind Ca2+ approximately 100-fold more strongly than site III. In the absence of Ca2+, the protein occupies a mixture of closed conformations. Binding of a single ion in site IV is sufficient to radically alter the conformational equilibrium, promoting occupancy of an open conformation. However, an exchange between closed and open conformations remains even at saturating levels of Ca2+. The population of the open conformation is substantially stabilized by the presence of the target peptide Kar1p-(239-257) to a point where a single ion bound in site IV is sufficient to completely shift the conformational equilibrium to the open conformation. This is reflected in the enhancement of the Ca2+ affinity in this site by more than an order of magnitude. These data confirm the direct coupling of the Ca2+ binding-induced shift in the equilibrium between the closed and open conformations to the binding of the peptide. Combined with the common localization of the two proteins in the microtubule organizing center, our results suggest that centrin is constitutively bound to Kar1p through its C-terminal domain and that centrin's calcium sensor activities are mediated by the N-terminal domain.
Certifying program execution with secure processors (2003)

Cerium is a trusted computing architecture that protects a program&amp;apos;s execution from being tampered while the program is running. Cerium uses a physically tamperresistant CPU and a -kernel to protect programs from each other and from hardware attacks. The -kernel partitions programs into separate address spaces, and the CPU applies memory protection to ensure that programs can only use their own data; the CPU traps to the -kernel when loading or evicting a cache line, and the -kernel cryptographically authenticates and copyprotects each program&amp;apos;s instructions and data when they are stored in the untrusted off-chip DRAM. The Cerium CPU signs certificates that securely identify the CPU and its manufacturer, the BIOS and boot loader, the -kernel, the running program, and any data the program wants signed. These certificates tell a user what program executed and what hardware and software environment surrounded the program, which are key facts in deciding whether to trust a program&amp;apos;s output.
Evaluation of Archival Time on Shotgun Proteomics of Formalin-Fixed and Paraffin-Embedded Tissues (2009)

There is increasing acceptance of the critical importance of correlating the morphologic features of tissue with the data obtained from various molecular analytic techniques. Access to archived formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens via shotgun-based proteomic analyses may, therefore, open new avenues for both prospective and retrospective translational research. However, one of the remaining issues in performing comparative proteomic measurements among FFPE tissues relates to potential variability in protein composition and retrieval based on length of storage periods. Optimized protein extraction and digestion procedures for handling FFPE tissues are coupled with the capillary isotachophoresis-based proteome technology to evaluate the effects of length of storage period on archival tissue proteome analysis across 10 archived uterine mesenchymal tumor tissue blocks, including 9 uterine leiomyomas dating from 1990 to 2002 and a single case of alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) from 1980. Several statistical measures, including the Pearson correlation coefficient, coefficient of variance, k-means clustering, and ANOVA, are employed to evaluate the possibility of an archival effect on individual proteins or groups of proteins within nine leiomyomas. Low abundance proteins may be more susceptible to the long-term storage as these proteins are more difficult to be retrieved and extracted as the tissue block ages in paraffin. Despite using tissue blocks stored for as many as 28 years, high confidence and comparative proteome analysis between the leiomyomas and the sarcoma is achieved. Though sharing over 1800 common proteins in a core set, a total of 80 proteins unique to the sarcoma are identified distinguishing the ASPS from the leiomyomas. Vacuolar proton translocating ATPase 116 kDa subunit isoform a3, one of the unique proteins expressed in the ASPS, is further validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Although IHC is highly sensitive and provides the subcellular resolution, mass spectrometry-based proteome profiling enables global identification and quantification of thousands of proteins without a priori knowledge of individual proteins being analyzed or the need of validated antibodies.
Reduced Incidence of Prevotella and Other Fermenters in Intestinal Microflora of Autistic Children (2013)

High proportions of autistic children suffer from gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, implying a link between autism and abnormalities in gut microbial functions. Increasing evidence from recent high-throughput sequencing analyses indicates that disturbances in composition and diversity of gut microbiome are associated with various disease conditions. However, microbiome-level studies on autism are limited and mostly focused on pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, here we aimed to define systemic changes in gut microbiome associated with autism and autism-related GI problems. We recruited 20 neurotypical and 20 autistic children accompanied by a survey of both autistic severity and GI symptoms. By pyrosequencing the V2/V3 regions in bacterial 16S rDNA from fecal DNA samples, we compared gut microbiomes of GI symptom-free neurotypical children with those of autistic children mostly presenting GI symptoms. Unexpectedly, the presence of autistic symptoms, rather than the severity of GI symptoms, was associated with less diverse gut microbiomes. Further, rigorous statistical tests with multiple testing corrections showed significantly lower abundances of the genera Prevotella, Coprococcus, and unclassified Veillonellaceae in autistic samples. These are intriguingly versatile carbohydrate-degrading and/or fermenting bacteria, suggesting a potential influence of unusual diet patterns observed in autistic children. However, multivariate analyses showed that autism-related changes in both overall diversity and individual genus abundances were correlated with the presence of autistic symptoms but not with their diet patterns. Taken together, autism and accompanying GI symptoms were characterized by distinct and less diverse gut microbial compositions with lower levels of Prevotella, Coprococcus, and unclassified Veillonellaceae.
Closed-loop control of targeted ultrasound drug delivery across the blood–brain/tumor barriers in a rat glioma model (2017)

Cavitation-facilitated microbubble-mediated focused ultrasound therapy is a promising method of drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for treating many neurological disorders. Unlike ultrasound thermal therapies, during which magnetic resonance thermometry can serve as a reliable treatment control modality, real-time control of modulated BBB disruption with undetectable vascular damage remains a challenge. Here a closed-loop cavitation controlling paradigm that sustains stable cavitation while suppressing inertial cavitation behavior was designed and validated using a dual-transducer system operating at the clinically relevant ultrasound frequency of 274.3 kHz. Tests in the normal brain and in the F98 glioma model in vivo demonstrated that this controller enables reliable and damage-free delivery of a predetermined amount of the chemotherapeutic drug (liposomal doxorubicin) into the brain. The maximum concentration level of delivered doxorubicin exceeded levels previously shown (using uncontrolled sonication) to induce tumor regression and improve survival in rat glioma. These results confirmed the ability of the controller to modulate the drug delivery dosage within a therapeutically effective range, while improving safety control. It can be readily implemented clinically and potentially applied to other cavitation-enhanced ultrasound therapies.
In Vitro Cultivation of the Vascular Phase of Sarcocystis capracanis and Sarcocystis tenella1 (1986)

Sporozoites of Sarcocystis capracanis and S. tenella (Apicomplexa) penetrated all four cell types tested (bovine monocytes, BM; bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells, CPA; Madin-Darby bovine kidney; and ovine monocytes). Sporozoites of S. tenella developed to meronts in BM and CPA; those of S. capracanis developed to meronts in BM only. Both species of Sarcocystis developed to large first-generation meronts followed by small meronts. At 40 to 50 days after inoculation (DAI) of sporozoites, considerably more merozoites of S. tenella were harvested from CPA (24.9 X 10(6) merozoites/75-cm2 flask; n = 4) than from BM (1.9 X 10(6) merozoites/75-cm2 flask; n = 4). Merozoites of S. capracanis were most numerous in BM at 88 to 100 DAI during which time 2.1 X 10(6) merozoites/75-cm2 flask (n = 4) were harvested.
Chimie et pharmacologie de l'apiose. IV. (Hydroxyméthyl‐3‐β‐D‐érythrofurannosyl)‐9‐adénine: Synthèse, conformation en solution et essais biologiques préliminaires (1971)

Abstract The title compound, an apionucleoside, has been synthesized and is shown by NMR. to exist mainly in the conformation E 3′ . The reasons why this branched‐chain nucleoside is not a substrate for adenosine deaminase are discussed. The compound inhibits the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in synthetic liquid media.
HABITS, SAVING PROPENSITY, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH (2012)

The purpose of this paper is to study economic growth with preference change on the basis of the Solow one-sector growth model, Zhang’s alternative approach to household behavior, the Ramsey growth theory with time preference, and the traditional growth model with habit formation. The propensity to save is dependent on wealth and current income and the propensity to consumption is related to the habit stock. We simulate the model and demonstrate the motion of the economic dynamics with endogenous preference. We also examine effects of changes in some parameters on the motion of the economic system.
Variable-Length Convolutional Coding for Short Blocklengths With Decision Feedback (2015)

This paper presents a variable-length decision-feedback coding scheme that achieves high rates at short blocklengths. This scheme uses the reliability-output Viterbi algorithm (ROVA) to determine when the receiver's decoding estimate satisfies a given error constraint. We evaluate the performance of both terminated and tail-biting convolutional codes at average blocklengths less than 300 symbols, using the ROVA and the tail-biting ROVA, respectively. Comparing with recent results from finite-blocklength information theory, simulations for both the BSC and the AWGN channel show that the reliability-based decision-feedback scheme can surpass the random-coding lower bound on throughput for feedback codes at some blocklengths less than 100 symbols. This is true both when decoding after every symbol is permitted and when decoding is limited to a small number of increments. Finally, the performance of the reliability-based stopping rule with the ROVA is compared with retransmission decisions based on CRCs. For short blocklengths where the latency overhead of the CRC bits is severe, the ROVA-based approach delivers superior rates.
Functional reconstitution of γ‐secretase through coordinated expression of presenilin, nicastrin, Aph‐1, and Pen‐2 (2004)

The gamma-secretase complex has emerged as an unusual membrane-bound aspartyl protease with the ability to cleave certain substrate proteins at peptide bonds believed to be buried within the hydrophobic environment of the lipid bilayer. This cleavage is responsible for a key biochemical step in signaling from several different cell-surface receptors, and it is also crucial in generating the neurotoxic amyloid peptides that are central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Active gamma-secretase is a multimeric protein complex consisting of at least four different proteins, presenilin, nicastrin, Aph-1, and Pen-2, with presenilin serving as the catalytically active core of the aspartyl protease. Presenilin itself undergoes endoproteolytic maturation, a process that is tightly regulated during the assembly and maturation of gamma-secretase, and that depends on the three cofactors nicastrin, Aph-1, and Pen-2. Recent studies have demonstrated that presenilin and its three cofactors are likely to be the major proteins needed for functional reconstitution of active gamma-secretase and have begun to elucidate the specific functions of the cofactors in the ordered assembly of gamma-secretase.
O-GlcNAc transferase inhibitors: current tools and future challenges (2016)

The O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) post-translational modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is the dynamic and reversible attachment of N-acetylglucosamine to serine and threonine residues of nucleocytoplasmic target proteins. It is abundant in metazoa, involving hundreds of proteins linked to a plethora of biological functions with implications in human diseases. The process is catalysed by two enzymes: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) that add and remove sugar moieties respectively. OGT knockout is embryonic lethal in a range of animal models, hampering the study of the biological role of O-GlcNAc and the dissection of catalytic compared with non-catalytic roles of OGT. Therefore, selective and potent chemical tools are necessary to inhibit OGT activity in the context of biological systems. The present review focuses on the available OGT inhibitors and summarizes advantages, limitations and future challenges.
Host Range Determinants In Plant Pathogens And Symbionts (1988)

Human coronavirus (HCoV) infection causes respiratory diseases with mild to severe outcomes. In the last 15 years, we have witnessed the emergence of two zoonotic, highly pathogenic HCoVs: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and ...Read More
Scattering and Absorption Effects in the Determination of Glucose in Whole Blood by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (2005)

Optical properties of whole bovine blood are examined under conditions of different glucose loadings. A strong dependency is established between the scattering properties of the whole blood matrix and the concentration of glucose. This dependency is explained in terms of variations in the refractive index mismatch between the scattering bodies (predominately red blood cells) and the surrounding plasma. Measurements in the presence of a well-known glucose transport inhibitor indicate that variations in refractive index mismatch are related to the penetration of glucose into the red blood cells and demonstrate that increased scattering involves the uptake of glucose by red blood cells. Finally, multivariate calibration models are presented for the measurement of glucose in a whole blood matrix. These models are based on near-infrared spectral data collected from 80 different samples prepared from a single whole blood matrix. Calibration studies are performed over the combination, first-overtone, and short-wavelength spectral regions. The best calibration model is generated from combination region spectra, providing a standard error of prediction (SEP) of less than 1 mM over the concentration range of 3-30 mM. The model based on the first-overtone region is slightly degraded but still provides acceptable performance (SEP = 1.20 mM). The model based on the short-wavelength region is further degraded (SEP = 2.53 mM). To rationalize these results, an analysis of the selectivity of the calibration models is performed by computing the glucose net analyte signal. It is established that the models based on the combination and first-overtone regions are dominated by glucose absorption information, while the model computed from the short-wavelength region is based primarily on scattering information. This result provides evidence that absorption information is needed in order to obtain a glucose calibration model with acceptable performance.
Azalysine Analogues as Probes for Protein Lysine Deacetylation and Demethylation (2012)

Reversible lysine acetylation and methylation regulate the function of a wide variety of proteins, including histones. Here, we have synthesized azalysine-containing peptides in acetylated and unacetylated forms as chemical probes of the histone deacetylases (HDAC8, Sir2Tm, and SIRT1) and the histone demethylase, LSD1. We have shown that the acetyl-azalysine modification is a fairly efficient substrate for the sirtuins, but a weaker substrate for HDAC8, a classical HDAC. In addition to deacetylation by sirtuins, the acetyl-azalysine analogue generates a novel ADP-ribose adduct that was characterized by mass spectrometry, Western blot analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This peptide-ADP-ribose adduct is proposed to correspond to a derailed reaction intermediate, providing unique evidence for the direct 2'-hydroxyl attack on the O-alkylimidate intermediate that is formed in the course of sirtuin catalyzed deacetylation. An unacetylated azalysine-containing H3 peptide proved to be a potent inhibitor of the LSD1 demethylase, forming an FAD adduct characteristic of previously reported related structures, providing a new chemical probe for mechanistic analysis.
To Combat White Collar Crimes In Public And Private Sector And Need For Strong Legislation And Ethics (2020)

The paper deals with and investigates the requirement of resilient and strong legislation to combatwhite collar crimes, which are exponentially increasing with time both in public and private sectororganizations. The influence of immoral and illegal practices in government, particularly the bribesof the highest order has paralyzed the normal functioning of the financial and legislative organizations.Bank frauds and cybercrimes are also increasing tremendously by employing digital devicesand the internet. The purpose of this research is also to investigate the essence of the application ofstrong laws as well principles of morality and ethics. It is advocated by the authors of this paper thatnorms of morality and ethics on one hand impact a healthy effect on reducing such crimes but alsoenhances the productivity and profitability of the organizations in financial terms. Several modernorganizations are incorporating and implementing the codes of ethics in professional practices.More strict must be the legislation and Code of Ethics, Ethics is the deterrence force to discouragethe wrongdoings and adopting right approach so that honesty prevails and curses, crimes, offensesand sins can be minimized. There a serious need of introducing the social welfare system adopted inEurope, Canada and the USA. The bank employees are involved in Bank frauds and commit offensesof embezzlements and illegal transitions using the computer and other digital devices. The role ofbusiness ethics in the banking sector is of immense importance. The malpractices by some politiciansmust also be noticed with stern and iron hands.