gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The regulation of myogenin gene expression during the embryonic development of the mouse. (1993)

The myogenic program can be activated in cultured cells by each of four basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors, the expression of which is strictly controlled, both temporally and spatially, during embryonic development. To begin to understand the mechanisms by which these regulators are regulated themselves, we have used transgenic animals to define the minimal sequences required for the complete recapitulation of the temporal and spatial expression pattern of the myogenin gene during embryogenesis. We show that this can be achieved with only 133 bp of 5'-flanking DNA and identify two essential motifs, which are consensus binding sites for the bHLH proteins and for the proteins of the RSRF family. We show further that these sequences, when juxtaposed to a heterologous promoter, are capable of imposing the myogenin expression pattern. We conclude that the proper regulation of myogenin requires a bHLH protein, most probably Myf-5, the only myogenic bHLH factor known to be present in the embryo at the time that myogenin is activated, and an RSRF-like binding activity. Furthermore, the expression pattern of a mutant myogenin promoter lacking the RSRF site reveals the existence of at least two populations of cells within the myotomes and of novel rostrocaudal gradients of expression.
Trial Watch: Immunostimulation with Toll-like receptor agonists in cancer therapy (2015)

Accumulating preclinical evidence indicates that Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists efficiently boost tumor-targeting immune responses (re)initiated by most, if not all, paradigms of anticancer immunotherapy. Moreover, TLR agonists have been successfully employed to ameliorate the efficacy of various chemotherapeutics and targeted anticancer agents, at least in rodent tumor models. So far, only three TLR agonists have been approved by regulatory agencies for use in cancer patients. Moreover, over the past decade, the interest of scientists and clinicians in these immunostimulatory agents has been fluctuating. Here, we summarize recent advances in the preclinical and clinical development of TLR agonists for cancer therapy.
Anti β2-glycoprotein I antibodies: Clinical significance (1998)

The introduction of anticardiolipin antibody (aCL) assay, described in 1983, was able to focus much attention on the study of patients suffering from thrombosis, repeated fetal loss and thrombocytopenia, and allowing the identification of the so called antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). The identification of beta2 glycoprotein I (beta2GPI) as an essential component of the antigenic complex recognized by aCL suggested that this molecule could be a direct target of the antibody response. Since then, different groups have described ELISAs for the detection of anti beta2GPI antibodies, applied to the clinical evaluation of patients with APS, and showing an overall better specificity. Recently, anti beta2GPI were also shown to bind apoptotic bodies resulting in an alteration of their physiological clearance with the triggering of TNFalpha release. This observation suggests that anti beta2GPI may also modify the immunogenicity of apoptotic bodies and of the autoantigens that they contain.
A Phase II study of ?decrescendo? interleukin-2 plus interferon-?-2a in patients with progressive metastatic melanoma after chemotherapy (2000)

The response rate for this regimen was no greater than 10% with Type I and II errors each not exceeding 10%. Nevertheless, occasional durable control of disease and the nonoverlapping toxicity profile with prior chemotherapy support consideration of this regimen in these patients who have limited second-line treatment options.
Three-Dimensional Porous LiFePO4: Design, Architectures and High Performance for Lithium Ion Batteries (2012)

The olivine-structured lithium ion phosphate (LiFePO4) is one of the most competitive candidates of cathode materials for the sustainable lithium ion battery (LIB) systems. However, the major drawback of olivine-structured LiFePO4 is the poor intrinsic electronic and lithium ion conductivities arising from the lack of mixed valency and the onedimensional lithium ion diffusion, which influence its high electrochemical performance, especially high rate capability. Nano-structured LiFePO4 materials offer a potential solution to enhance surface-to-volume ratio and reduce transport length for mobile charges, but they have high interfacial energy, aggregate easily and need more agglutinant in electrode, which seriously impact the electrochemical performance and practical applications of LiFePO4. Furthermore they continue to experience limitations as energy and power requirements escalate with the evolution of technology. Recently, three-dimensional (3D) porous LiFePO4 architectures have been widely designed and studied. This has led to increased interest in the development of cathode materials and processing capabilities necessary to enable high-performance, nextgeneration LIB system that can deliver large amounts of energy at high rates. In this review, we focus on 3D porous LiFePO4 architectures for high power LIBs, summarize and discuss its structure, synthesis, electrochemical behaviors, mechanism, and the problems encountered in its application. The major goal is to highlight the recent progress of 3D porous LiFePO4 architectures with high rate capability, high energy density and application. Keywords: Electrochemical performance, cathode material, inorganic functional material, LiFePO4, lithium ion battery, threedimensional porous, LIBs, LiO6, FePO4, SEM
Suppression ofOstrinia nubilalis(Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) by EndophyticBeauveria bassiana(Balsamo) Vuillemin (1991)

The ubiquitous entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin was applied to whorl-stage corn plants, Zea mays L., by foliar application of a granular formulation of conidia and by injection of a conidial suspension. Plants were analyzed at harvest for presence of B. bassiana and for the amount of tunneling by laboratory-reared European corn borer larvae, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner). In 1989, 98.3% of the foliarly treated plants, 95.0% of the injected plants, and 33.3% of the nontreated plants were colonized by B. bassiana at harvest. In 1988, there were no significant differences between treatment effects on O. nubilalis tunneling in plants. In 1989, when environmental conditions were more conducive to fungal growth, tunneling was significantly greater in the control plants, followed by the injected and foliarly treated plants. When applied to foliage, B. bassiana provided the greatest amount of O. nubilalis suppression. The entomopathogenic fungus colonized the corn plant at whorl stage, moved within the plant, and persisted to provide season-long suppression of O. nubilalis .
Effects of a controlled-release cisplatin delivery system used after resection of mammary carcinoma in mice (1999)

The open-cell polylactic acid with cisplatin delivery system was successful in delaying local tumor regrowth and metastasis in mice with marginally resected mammary carcinoma. Use of a controlled-release cisplatin delivery system may be an effective adjunct treatment following excision of mammary carcinoma in humans and other animals.
The Influence of Culture in Infant-Toddler Child Care Settings. (2015)

It is not only in families that young children are influenced to become members of their culture. Around the world and within individual countries, culture influences how care is provided to infants and toddlers in child care settings. In turn, infants and toddlers begin to learn how to act and think as members of their culture. From ways that teachers handle conflicts between toddlers, to how teachers manage transitions, to the organization of groups and physical environments, to more conscious transmission of culture through curriculum, culture influences infants and toddlers to become cultural beings that function well within their culture. This article explores cultural variations in group care and what infants and toddlers learn from these practices about being members of a culture. INSET: Toddler Conflicts and Solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Regulatory Mechanisms Involving Nicotinamide Adenine Nucleotides as Allosteric Effectors (1969)

Abstract Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase of Escherichia coli is inhibited in an allosteric manner by DPNH. This inhibition is relatively quite specific. Other coenzymes such as TPN+ and DPN+ are completely ineffective and TPNH is only 15% as effective as DPNH in the inhibition of the enzyme. In cells grown on glucose DPNH concentration is 1.5 to 2 times higher than in those grown on succinate. From this it is concluded that DPNH levels serve as indicators of the state of glycolysis, and DPNH inhibition of Penolpyruvate carboxykinase is seen as a mechanism whereby gluconeogenetic channels can be prevented from functioning when active glycolysis is progressing. A kinetic study of the enzyme in the presence and absence of DPNH is presented. Initial velocity and product inhibition patterns show that the free enzyme form possibly binds ADP (or ATP) first. The inhibitor and the remaining substrates possibly bind to the E-ADP or E-ATP complexes only. The sigmoidality of oxalacetate, P-enolpyruvate, and bicarbonate plots is postulated to arise as a result of an isomerization of the enzyme in the presence of DPNH.
The genomic organisation and nucleotide sequence of the HLA-SB(DP) alpha gene (1985)

We have isolated a unique fragment of the HLA-DR alpha gene and probed human genomic DNA at low stringency to search for homologous sequences. A minimum of six non-polymorphic cross-hybridizing high molecular weight fragments were found in all DNAs examined. In order to obtain molecular clones of these cross-hybridizing fragments, we constructed lambda and cosmid libraries of human DNA and screened them at low stringency with the HLA-DR alpha gene specific subclone. We have isolated clones corresponding to each of the six fragments and, in this paper, describe those which contain the gene encoding HLA-SB(DP) alpha.
Technique of Photodynamic Therapy for Disseminated Intraperitoneal Malignant Neoplasms (1991)

Patients with disseminated intraperitoneal malignant neoplasms were given intra-abdominal photodynamic therapy. Patients received dihematoporphyrin ethers intravenously 48 to 72 hours before laparotomy at doses of 1.5 to 3.0 mg/kg. At operation, as much tumor as possible was resected. Red light (630 nm) was delivered to all peritoneal surfaces from an argon-pumped dye laser at doses ranging from 0.2 to 3.0 J/cm2 in an escalating fashion. Viscera and peritoneal surfaces were anatomically isolated and exposed to light for intervals calculated to deliver the prescribed energy. Light was delivered to mesentery and bowel by a flat-cut optical fiber, while other areas, including diaphragm, viscera, omental bursa, gutters, and pelvis, were delivered light through a diffusing wand. Twenty-three patients (13 with ovarian cancer, eight with sarcoma, and two with pseudomyxoma peritoneii) underwent photodynamic therapy. Five of eight patients cleared positive peritoneal cytologies after treatment. Six patients remained clinically free of disease for up to 18 months, and five patients had treatment-related complications. Intraperitoneal phototherapy is technically feasible and deserving of clinical evaluation.
[Serum proteomic analysis on metastasis-associated proteins of hepatocellular carcinoma]. (2009)

The metastasis of HCC might be correlated to the specific variation of protein expression profiles. The overexpression of CK9 may play a crucial role in HCC metastasis, and can be used as a potential serum marker for predicting HCC metastasis.
Differential gene expression and clonal selection during cellular transformation induced by adhesion deprivation (2010)

Our results reveal some new links between anoikis and cell transformation and they provide a reproducible model system which can potentially be useful to study multistage cancer and to identify new targets for drug development.
Size-Dependent Intrinsic Radiative Decay Rates of Silicon Nanocrystals at Large Confinement Energies (2008)

We study ultrafast photoluminescence (PL) dynamics of Si nanocrystals (NCs). The early-time PL spectra (<1 ns), which show strong dependence on NC size, are attributed to emission involving NC quantized states. The PL spectra recorded for long delays (>10 ns) are almost independent of NC size and are likely due to surface-related recombination. Based on instantaneous PL intensities measured 2 ps after excitation, we determine intrinsic radiative rate constants for NCs of different sizes. These constants sharply increase for confinement energies greater than approximately 1 eV indicating a fast, exponential growth of the oscillator strength of zero-phonon, pseudodirect transitions.
Anterior chamber to frontal sinus shunt for the diversion of aqueous humor: a pilot study in four normal dogs (1998)

Silicone tubing was used to divert aqueous humor from the anterior chamber of the right eye to the rostral compartment of the right frontal sinus in four clinically normal mixed-breed dogs. Biomicroscopic examination, and pneumoapplanation tonometry and tonography, completed for up to 18 weeks postoperatively, confirmed gonioimplant function in all four cases. The dogs were euthanized at 6, 8, 16 and 18 weeks postoperatively. Gonioimplant patency was further confirmed by postmortem examination of the globes, implants and frontal sinuses. Gross and light microscopic examinations revealed iridal attachments to the implant (n = 4), mild anterior uveitis (n = 3), anterior subcapsular cataracts (n = 4), and focal corneal (n = 3) and scleral (n = 3) scarring in the operated globes. Light microscopic examination of frontal sinus specimens revealed mild lymphocytic proliferation and fibrosis immediately adjacent to the implant entrance site. There were no bacteria detected on aerobic or anaerobic cultures of the frontal sinuses or light microscopic examination of the globes or frontal sinuses. Results indicate that the frontal sinus shunting of aqueous humor is a safe and effective means of extraorbital aqueous diversion with potential applicability in the management of glaucoma.
Prostaglandins and the gastric epithelium: effects of misoprostol on gastric epithelial cell proliferation in the dog. (1989)

The effects of the methyl ester analogue of prostaglandin E1, misoprostol, on gastric epithelial cell proliferation were investigated in six dogs given 300 micrograms/kg/day of misoprostol orally for 11 weeks and in six control dogs given placebo for 11 weeks. Misoprostol treatment resulted in a 36% increase in stomach weight (p less than 0.01) and a 30% increase in the length (measured as the cell column count from the base/neck junction to the surface) of the fundic gastric glands (p less than 0.01). This mucosal hyperplasia was predominantly caused by enlargement of the foveolar region of the gland, with little change occurring in the neck or in the isthmus. The hyperplasia was the result of an increased number of mitotic (p less than 0.01) and DNA synthesising cells (p less than 0.05) in each gastric gland, which resulted in a significant increase in the gland cell production rate, from 22.5 to 42.6 cells per gland per day (p less than 0.05).
Gustation (2011)

Much has been discovered over the last few decades about the anatomy and physiology of the human taste system, most notably its receptor mechanisms and intermodal factors that influence its function. While the taste system works in concert with the olfactory, somatosensory, auditory, and visual sensory systems to establish the overall gestalt of flavor, its primary specialization is to ensure that the organism obtains energy, maintains proper electrolyte balance, and avoids ingestion of toxic substances. Despite its focus on inborn functions, taste-like its sister sense of smell-is remarkably malleable, reflecting the need to adapt to changing circumstances and general nutrient availability. It is now widely appreciated that taste dysfunction is common in many diseases and disorders, and is a frequent side effect of a number of medications. This interdisciplinary review examines salient aspects of the human gustatory system, including its anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology. WIREs Cogn Sci 2012, 3:29-46. doi: 10.1002/wcs.156 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Purification of a 31,000-dalton insulin-like growth factor binding protein from human amniotic fluid. Isolation of two forms with different biologic actions. (1988)

Human amniotic fluid has been shown to contain a protein that binds insulin-like growth factor I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II). Partially purified preparations of this protein have been reported to inhibit the biologic actions of the IGFs. In these studies our laboratory has used a modified purification procedure to obtain a homogeneous preparation of this protein as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and amino acid sequence analysis. During purification the ion exchange chromatography step resulted in two peaks of material with IGF binding activity termed peaks B and C. Each peak was purified separately to homogeneity. Both peaks were estimated to be 31,000 daltons by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and their amino acid compositions were nearly identical. Amino acid sequence analysis showed that both peaks had identical N-terminal sequences through the first 28 residues. Neither protein had detectable carbohydrate side chains and each had a similar affinity for radiolabeled IGF-I (1.7-2.2 x 10(10) liters/mol). In contrast, these two forms had marked differences in bioactivity. Concentrations of peak C material between 2 and 20 ng/ml inhibited IGF-I stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation into smooth muscle cell DNA. In contrast, when peak B (100 ng/ml) was incubated with IGF-I there was a 4.4-fold enhancement of stimulation of DNA synthesis. Additionally, pure peak B was shown to adhere to cell surfaces, whereas peak C was not adherent. The non-adherent peak C inhibited IGF-I binding to its receptor and to adherent peak B. We conclude that human amniotic fluid contains two forms of IGF binding protein that have very similar physiochemical characteristics but markedly different biologic actions. Since both have similar if not identical amino acid compositions, N-terminal sequences, and do not contain carbohydrate, we conclude that they differ in some other as yet undefined post-translational modification.
Cerebellar Stimulation: Pacing the Brain (1975)

Bridget C. Loetterle, Maisie Rogers, Tina Valdner, Carmen Mason, Ina Christian, Wayne Andreesen, Cerebellar Stimulation: Pacing the Brain, The American Journal of Nursing, Vol. 75, No. 6 (Jun., 1975), pp. 958-960
Characterization of Left Ventricular Activation in Patients With Heart Failure and Left Bundle-Branch Block (2004)

A U-shaped conduction pattern is imposed on the LV activation sequence by a transmural functional line of block located between the LV septum and the lateral wall with a prolonged activation time. Assessment of functional block is facilitated by noncontact mapping, which may be useful for identifying and targeting specific locations that are optimal for successful cardiac resynchronization therapy.
Overexpression of GRIM-19, a mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I protein, suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma growth. (2014)

GRIM-19 has been demonstrated as an important regulator for the normal tissue development. Recently, more evidences regarded GRIM-19 as the new tumor suppressor. However, the possible mechanisms underlying GRIM-19 suppressing cancer growth are unclear. In the present study, Paired hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and adjacent non-tumor liver tissues were obtained from 54 patients who underwent primary surgical HCC tissue resection. GRIM-19 protein expression in HCC tissues was performed by immunohistochemistry. Cells were transfected by lentiviruses plasmid expressing GRIM-19. RT-PCR and Western blot analyses were performed to confirm the expression of GRIM-19 mRNA or protein. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT and FCM analyses. Mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis were respectively determined by using fluorescence microscopy and FCM analyses. AKT1, pAKT1, cyclinD1, CDK4, PCNA, Bax, Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, and cytochrome C were detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence. GRIM-19 protein expression was markedly lower in HCC than in paired adjacent non-tumor liver tissues. GRIM-19 overexpression in HCC cells significantly induced cell cycle arrest and enhanced apoptosis. We also found that AKT1 expression and phosphorylation were regulated by the expression of GRIM-19. Collectively, our study demonstrated that GRIM-19 overexpression suppressed HCC growth and downregulated AKT1 expression, suggesting that GRIM-19 might play a crucial role in hepatocarcinogenesis through negatively regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Édito (2010)

Ce numéro de Traduire est en gestation depuis de longs mois mais ce n’est pas tout à fait par hasard s’il sort en cette année 2010, vingt ans après la disparition d’Antoine Vitez. C’est, en effet, une bonne occasion de célébrer cet homme qui a durablement marqué la scène française et qui, s’il est connu comme metteur en scène et homme de théâtre, a aussi beaucoup pratiqué la traduction, et pas seulement au théâtre. Dans un entretien publié en 1982 dans la revue théâtre public, il évoque avec ...
Genome, Epigenome, and Transcriptome Editing via Chemical Modification of Nucleobases in Living Cells (2018)

Base editors are tools that chemically modify the nucleobases of DNA and RNA in a programmable manner, allowing for genome, epigenome, and transcriptome editing in live cells. These tools can be used to introduce specific base transitions in DNA or RNA, manipulate methylation patterns in the epigenome, and create genetically encoded libraries in target genes. These various functions can be used to modulate every aspect of the central dogma. The efficiency and precision of base editors makes them useful in both basic research and the development of new therapies. Here we describe currently available base editors and the ways that they can be used to better understand and manipulate different aspects of the central dogma.