gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of human adenosine deaminase in nonhuman primates after retrovirus-mediated gene transfer. (1987)

Primate bone marrow cells were infected with a retroviral vector carrying the genes for human adenosine deaminase (h-ADA) and bacterial neomycin resistance (neor). The infected cells were infused back into the lethally irradiated donor animals. Several monkeys fully reconstituted and were shown to express the h-ADA and neor genes at low levels in their recirculating hematopoietic cells for short periods of time.
Use of digital front-end electronics for optimization of a modular PET detector (1994)

The sensitivity and resolution of a new 3D modular BGO detector system for positron emission tomography (PET) was examined in terms of its effect on the signal to noise ratio in the final image. The detector system uses custom hardware and firmware to adjust sensitivity and resolution to achieve optimum performance. This system utilizes lookup up tables (LUT) containing individually tailored positioning and energy windows to assure that events are correctly distributed among the detector elements. Without customizing the LUT, and for a common energy window, sensitivity was found to vary as much as a factor of 3.5 and resolution as much as 50% from center to edge within a single detector module. Eight different LUT configurations were tested, varying both energy window and positioning criteria. Typical intrinsic resolutions and sensitivities of the detector elements were determined in all configurations. The effect of nonuniformity of sensitivity of the detector system on image noise was evaluated by imaging uniform cylinders over a wide range of accumulated events. The effect of counting statistics in the measurement of detector sensitivities for the normalization of sinogram data was determined independently. The best of the LUT configurations provided an 16% improvement in effective sensitivity, while also providing a 10% improvement in the average intrinsic spatial resolution relative to the default configuration of the PET system.
Multiple AGAMOUS Homologs from Cucumber and Petunia Differ in Their Ability to Induce Reproductive Organ Fate (1998)

The C function in Arabidopsis, which specifies stamen and carpel identity, is represented by a single gene called AGAMOUS (AG). From both petunia and cucumber, two MADS box genes have been isolated. Both share a high degree of amino acid sequence identity with the Arabidopsis AG protein. Their roles in specifying stamen and carpel identity have been studied by ectopic expression in petunia, resulting in plants with different floral phenotypes. Cucumber MADS box gene 1 (CUM1) induced severe homeotic transformations of sepals into carpelloid structures and petals into stamens, which is similar to ectopic AG expression in Arabidopsis plants. Overexpression of the other cucumber AG homolog, CUM10, resulted in plants with partial transformations of the petals into antheroid structures, indicating that CUM10 is also able to promote floral organ identity. From the two petunia AG homologs pMADS3 and Floral Binding Protein gene 6 (FBP6), only pMADS3 was able to induce homeotic transformations of sepals and petals. Ectopic expression of both pMADS3 and FBP6, as occurrs in the petunia homeotic mutant blind, phenocopies the pMADS3 single overexpresser plants, indicating that there is no additive effect of concerted expression. This study demonstrates that in petunia and cucumber, multiple AG homologs exist, although they differ in their ability to induce reproductive organ fate.
London MIST 2004 (2005)

The annual one-day meeting of the MIST (Magnetosphere, Ionosphere and Solar–Terrestrial) community was held in November 2004 at Burlington House, with contributions on data and ideas ranging from Cassini to Cluster, with stops at many experiments in between.
An adaptive estimation of periodic signals using a Fourier linear combiner (1994)

Presents an adaptive algorithm for estimating from noisy observations, periodic signals of known period subject to transient disturbances. The estimator is based on the LMS algorithm and works by tracking the Fourier coefficients of the data. The estimator is analyzed for convergence, noise misadjustment and lag misadjustment for signals with both time invariant and time variant parameters. The analysis is greatly facilitated by a change of variable that results in a time invariant difference equation. At sufficiently small values of the LMS step size, the system is shown to exhibit decoupling with each Fourier component converging independently and uniformly. Detection of rapid transients in data with low signal to noise ratio can be improved by using larger step sizes for more prominent components of the estimated signal. An application of the Fourier estimator to estimation of brain evoked responses is included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Expression Pattern of Serum Cytokines in Hepatitis B Virus Infected Patients with Persistently Normal Alanine Aminotransferase Levels (2013)

Differential expression of cytokines in JAK-STAT signaling is an important factor associated with prognosis of HBV infection. The elevation of γC cytokines, IL-12p70, IL-23p19, and IL-29 may promote spontaneous HBeAg seroconversion and HBV clearance.
The Three Dimensional Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships (3D-QSAR) and Docking Studies of Curcumin Derivatives as Androgen Receptor Antagonists (2012)

Androgen receptor antagonists have been proved to be effective anti-prostate cancer agents. 3D-QSAR and Molecular docking methods were performed on curcumin derivatives as androgen receptor antagonists. The bioactive conformation was explored by docking the potent compound 29 into the binding site of AR. The constructed Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) and Comparative Similarity Indices Analysis (CoMSIA) models produced statistically significant results with the cross-validated correlation coefficients q(2) of 0.658 and 0.567, non-cross-validated correlation coefficients r(2) of 0.988 and 0.978, and predicted correction coefficients r(2) (pred) of 0.715 and 0.793, respectively. These results ensure the CoMFA and CoMSIA models as a tool to guide the design of novel potent AR antagonists. A set of 30 new analogs were proposed by utilizing the results revealed in the present study, and were predicted with potential activities in the developed models.
Carotid Artery Diameter in Men and Women and the Relation to Body and Neck Size (2006)

Carotid arteries are smaller in women even after adjusting for body and neck size, age, and blood pressure.
Recombinant Activated Coagulation Factor VII and Bleeding Trauma Patients (2006)

rFVIIa may be able to improve the early survival of massively bleeding trauma patients. However, surgical control of massive hemorrhage still has primacy, as rFVIIa did not appear efficacious if extremely high red cell transfusion rates were required. Also, correction of acidosis and thrombocytopenia may be important for rFVIIa efficacy. Prospective studies are required.
Integrated Detection and Tracking for Multiple Moving Objects using Data-Driven MCMC Data Association (2008)

We propose a framework to address the multiple target tracking problem, which is to recover trajectories of targets of interest over time from noisy observations. Due to occlusions by targets and static objects, parallax or other moving objects, foreground regions cannot represents targets faithfully although motion segmentation is usually computationally efficient. We adopt the real Adaboost classifier to generate meaningful candidate rectangles to interpret the foreground regions. Tracks are generated from these candidates according to the smoothness of motion, appearance and model likelihood overtime. To avoid enumerating all possible joint associations, we take a Data Driven Markov Chain Monte Carlo (DD-MCMC) approach which samples the solution space efficiently. The sampling is driven by an informed proposal scheme controlled by a joint probability model combining motion, appearance and model information. Comparative experiments with quantitative evaluations are provided.
Stimulation of specific types of Gs-stimulated adenylyl cyclases by phorbol ester treatment. (1993)

Regulation of adenylyl cyclases by protein kinase C was studied. Types 1-6 were transiently expressed in 293 cells. The cells were treated with 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and adenylyl cyclase activity was measured. PMA treatment of untransfected or vector-transfected cells resulted in a 35% (mean) increase in basal and forskolin-stimulated activity. PMA treatment of type 2 enzyme-transfected cells showed a 3-fold increase in basal activity. This stimulation varied with Mg2+ concentration with up to 4.5-fold increases at low Mg2+. PMA treatment resulted in about a 60% increase in fluoride or GTP gamma S (guanosine 5'-O-(thiotriphosphate))-stimulated activity in type 2 enzyme-transfected cells. Expression of the type 1 and 3 enzymes resulted in pronounced Ca2+/calmodulin stimulation, which was significantly increased upon pretreatment with PMA. No effects of PMA treatment were observable on other activities of the type 1 enzyme, whereas all activities of the type 3 enzymes were stimulated. Expressed types 4, 5, and 6 enzymes showed modest (approximately 30%) or no increases in basal and forskolin-stimulated activities upon PMA treatment. These data indicate that specific types of adenylyl cyclases can be functional targets for protein kinase C. The pronounced effects on the basal activity of the type 2 enzyme suggest this adenylyl cyclase could in the appropriate environment be an intracellular signal generator for external signals not routed through the activation of Gs.
Complexes of Iron(II), Cobalt(II) and Nickel(II) with Biacetyl-bis-methylimine, 2-Pyridinal-methylimine and 2,6-Pyridindial-bis-methylimine (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComplexes of Iron(II), Cobalt(II) and Nickel(II) with Biacetyl-bis-methylimine, 2-Pyridinal-methylimine and 2,6-Pyridindial-bis-methyliminePaul E. Figgins and Daryle H. BuschCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 4, 820–824Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01489a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01489a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views715Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
V region diversity in human anti-insulin antibodies. Preferential use of a VHIII gene subset (1993)

Data on structures used by human antibody repertoires are derived principally from lymphoid malignancies and from autoantibodies that often express VH genes from the developmentally regulated fetal repertoire. To determine whether human immune responses generated by exogenous Ag use a pool of VH genes distinct from the fetal repertoire, nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences were determined for five anti-insulin B cell clones from a type I diabetic patient treated with human insulin. The data show that a set of VHIII genes is preferentially used by human anti-insulin B cells. Structural features indicate that these expressed VH are derived from germ-line genes that are not frequent in fetal repertoires and these genes have undergone Ag-driven somatic mutation. The preferential use of related VH segments contrasts with the BALB/c anti-insulin response, which uses multiple V genes elements largely unmutated from germ-line sequences. In addition, long CDRH3 structures in human anti-insulin mAb are generated by complex gene interaction mechanisms that are not seen in murine anti-insulin mAb. Interestingly, similar potential insulin-binding structures are used by antibodies from both species. These findings suggest that human responses to exogenous insulin may express a limited number of VH genes and depend upon somatic mutation and complex D gene interactions in CDRH3 to expand the repertoire. Although these antibodies bind autologous insulin, VH gene usage and structural features that predominate in the response are not characteristic of the fetal repertoire.
Williams-Beuren Syndrome: An Update and Review for the Primary Physician (1999)

Williams-Beuren syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder resulting from a submicroscopic deletion of contiguous genes on the long arm of chromosome 7. It consists of a variety of hallmark physical features, which include distinctive facial characteristics, cardiac anomalies (of which the most common is supravalvular aortic stenosis), and occasional idiopathic hypercalcemia. The condition also includes a unique cognitive profile, with relative sparing of language and facial recognition skills against a background of mental retardation. This paper reviews the early history and clinical experience with this syndrome, how it unfolds from infancy through adulthood, and how it manifests in different organ systems. Evidence-based recommendations are then offered for the treatment of the specific developmental and medical issues that arise in patients with Williams syndrome.
Metabolic Engineering: Principles and Methodologies (1998)

The Essence of Metabolic Engineering. Review of Cellular Metabolism. Comprehensive Models for Cellular Reactions. Material Balances and Data Consistency. Regulation of Metabolic Pathways. Examples of Pathway Manipulations: Metabolic Engineering in Practice. Metabolic Pathway Synthesis. Metabolic Flux Analysis. Methods for the Experimental Determination of Metabolic Fluxes by Isotope Labeling. Applications of Metabolic Flux Analysis. Metabolic Control Analysis. Analysis of Structure of Metabolic Networks. Flux Analysis of Metabolic Networks. Thermodynamics of Cellular Processes. Glossary. Subject Index.
Specificity analysis of human monoclonal antibodies reactive with cell surface and intracellular antigens. (1986)

Over 4350 human Ig-secreting hybrids have been generated through the fusion of human lymphocytes with NS-1 (mouse), LICR-2, SKO-007, GM4672, or UC729-6 (human) myeloma and lymphoblastoid cell lines. NS-1 proved to be the most satisfactory fusion partner, and 83% of the stable Ig-secreting clones were derived from NS-1 fusions. Three hundred five hybrids produced human monoclonal antibodies (hmAb) reactive with cell surface or intracellular antigens expressed by cultured human tumor cell lines, and 111 of these have undergone detailed serological specificity analysis. Several general points have emerged from our study of hmAb: A significant proportion of the human B-cell clones produce antibody reactive with cellular antigens. The majority of these antigens have an intracellular location and are broadly distributed. Intracellular and cell surface differentiation antigens and other antigens with restricted distribution have been defined by hmAb, including two cell surface antigens not detected on normal cells. The relationship of these findings to cancer is unclear, as hmAb reactive with antigens showing distinctive distribution have been generated from the lymphocytes of normal individuals as well as tumor-bearing patients.
Vanadium in Modern Organic Synthesis (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTVanadium in Modern Organic SynthesisToshikazu HiraoView Author Information Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 8, 2707–2724Publication Date (Web):December 18, 1997Publication History Received28 February 1997Revised25 August 1997Published online18 December 1997Published inissue 1 December 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr960014ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr960014gresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5090Altmetric-Citations293LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anions,Hydrocarbons,Oxidation,Redox reactions,Vanadium Get e-Alerts
Conformation of proinsulin. Comparison of insulin and proinsulin self-association at neutral pH (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConformation of proinsulin. Comparison of insulin and proinsulin self-association at neutral pHAllen H. Pekar and Bruce H. FrankCite this: Biochemistry 1972, 11, 22, 4013–4016Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00772a001https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00772a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views496Altmetric-Citations142LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fouling and Fouling Mitigation on Heat Exchanger Surfaces (2012)

Heating or cooling of one medium by another medium is performed in a heat exchanger along with heat dissipation from surfaces of the equipment. In course of time during operation, the equipment receives deposition (Fouling) which retards heat exchanging capability of the equipment along with enhanced pressure loss and extended pumping power. Thus accumulation of undesired substances on a surface is defined as fouling. Occurrence of fouling is observed in natural as well as synthetic systems. In the present context undesired deposits on the heat exchanger surfaces are referred to fouling. With the development of fouling the heat exchanger may deteriorate to the extent that it must be withdrawn from service for cleaning or replacement.
Ethinyl estradiol-induced cell proliferation in rat liver. Involvement of specific populations of hepatocytes (1992)

Hepatocyte proliferation was analyzed in vivo during the time course of continuous administration to rats of the liver tumor promoter ethinyl estradiol (EE) at 10 p.p.m. in the diet. EE-induced acute liver hyperplasia was detected in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats as an increased mitotic index of hepatocytes after 2 days of treatment. 5'-Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling showed that proliferating hepatocytes were randomly distributed throughout the hepatic lobule. Subsequently, and still during the first few days of continuous EE treatment, hepatocyte proliferation decreased to control levels, and a transient increase in the incidence of apoptosis in the liver was detected. Although consistent with the concept of liver growth regression after mitogen-induced hyperplasia, these results differ from others reported to date in that, in our experiments, the cessation of cell proliferation and the subsequent growth regression occurred without withdrawal of EE in our experiments. After returning to control levels, hepatocellular proliferation again increased between 3 and 6 months of chronic treatment and remained activated during the following months of continuous treatment, as seen by accumulative BrdU labeling. Proliferating hepatocytes were predominantly located in zone 2 of the hepatic lobule at this time, surrounding a periportal zone of vacuolated hepatocytes, which were also induced by the treatment. Moreover, hyperplasia of basophilic hepatocytes was also seen around some portal spaces. In another set of experiments, chronic EE-induced activation was characterized by flow cytometry on hepatocytes isolated from male Fischer rats. Ploidy analysis of hepatocyte cell suspensions showed that the normal polyploid pattern of hepatocytes was altered by EE, the proportion of diploid hepatocytes rising considerably. The results also showed that these diploid cells were the most susceptible hepatocyte population to EE-induced proliferation, as shown by a combination of BrdU labeling and cell sorting methods. In contrast to Sprague-Dawley rats, no vacuolated cells were found histologically in the livers of these animals and the proliferating hepatocytes were located adjacent to the portal areas. These results taken together support the existence of cell target populations in the liver responding to the effects of tumor promoters. The finding that a subpopulation of diploid hepatocytes was the liver cell class most susceptible to proliferation during chronic EE treatment may explain, at least in part, the behavior of EE as a tumor promoter in hepatocarcinogenesis.