gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anticancer Activity of Plant-derived Proteins against Human Tumor Cell Lines (2014)

Cancer today represents a significant public health problem worldwide and the challenge is to produce cost-effective drugs. Recently, a surge of progress was achieved in the area of cytotoxic proteins. Eleven crude protein extracts, from different plants, were tested for anticancer activities against four cell lines; HepG2, Caco-2, HEP-2, and HeLa cells using MTT assay. Out of the tested extracts, Momordica charantia showed the highest anticancer potency of all tested protein fractions that is superior than that of 5-FU. Furthermore, its  anticancer activity was characterised by the selective growth inhibitory effect on epithelial derived cell lines, HeLa, Caco-2 andHEP-2,  but not in HepG2.  On the other hand, Lactuca sativa protein fraction exhibited a potent and a selective anticancer activity against HepG2 that could be used as a lead for further investigations in the area of liver cancer therapy. In conclusion, although these findings are very promising and may open an avenue towards an economic plant-based selective anticancer drug, the exact chemical nature of active fractions remains to be fully explored and elucidated. Key words: Momordica charantia, Lactuca sativa
Kidney and Phosphate Metabolism (2008)

The serum phosphorus level is maintained through a complex interplay between intestinal absorption, exchange intracellular and bone storage pools, and renal tubular reabsorption. The kidney plays a major role in regulation of phosphorus homeostasis by renal tubular reabsorption. Type IIa and type IIc Na(+)/Pi transporters are important renal Na(+)-dependent inorganic phosphate (Pi) transporters, which are expressed in the brush border membrane of proximal tubular cells. Both are regulated by dietary Pi intake, vitamin D, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and parathyroid hormone. The expression of type IIa Na(+)/Pi transporter result from hypophosphatemia quickly. However, type IIc appears to act more slowly. Physiological and pathophysiological alteration in renal Pi reabsorption are related to altered brush border membrane expression/content of the type II Na(+)/Pi cotransporter. Many studies of genetic and acquired renal phosphate wasting disorders have led to the identification of novel genes. Two novel Pi regulating genes, PHEX and FGF23, play a role in the pathophysiology of genetic and acquired renal phosphate wasting disorders and studies are underway to define their mechanism on renal Pi regulation. In recent studies, sodium-hydrogen exchanger regulatory factor 1 (NHERF1) is reported as another new regulator for Pi reabsorption mechanism.
Generation that exploits corpus-based statistical knowledge (1998)

We describe novel aspects of a new natural language generator called Nitrogen. This generator has a highly flexible input representation that allows a spectrum of input from syntactic to semantic depth, and shifts' the burden of many linguistic decisions to the statistical post-processor. The generation algorithm is compositional, making it efficient, yet it also handles non-compositional aspects of language. Nitrogen's design makes it robust and scalable, operating with lexicons and knowledge bases of one hundred thousand entities.
<title>Optical triple sensor for measuring pH, oxygen, and carbon dioxide in bioreactors</title> (1993)

A triple sensor unit consisting of opto-chemical sensors for measurement of pH, oxygen, and carbon dioxide is presented. The pH sensor and the CO<SUB>2</SUB> sensor are based on the color change of a pH-sensitive dye immobilized on a polymeric support. The resulting changes in absorption are monitored through optical fibers at one or two analytical wavelengths. The oxygen sensor is based on the quenching of the fluorescence of a metalorganic dye. The operation principle and the performance of all three sensors are described thoroughly with respect to their application in bioreactors. All three sensors are fully LED compatible. The chemical and mechanical stability, especially against common sterilization methods, are described in some detail. A calibration and measurement software comprising fit routines for the sensors and a mathematical treatment of the results are presented as well.
The Na + /K + -ATPase as a Drug Target for Ischemic Stroke (2009)

The Na+/K+-ATPase (also known as the “sodium–potassium pump” or just “sodium pump”) is a ubiquitous and critically important protein complex in the human body. In the brain, between 40 and 70% of all energy is spent maintaining its ionic transport activity [1,2,3]. This energy is used for the active exchange of cytosolic sodium for extracellular potassium in a 3:2 ratio, a process required for the maintenance of transmembrane ionic gradients for all mammalian cells, which in turn is essential for setting the cellular resting potential, regulating osmolarity, and powering the secondary transport of other important solutes like calcium (via the sodium–calcium exchanger) and protons (via the sodium–hydrogen exchanger)
A quantum algorithm to train neural networks using low-depth circuits (2017)

Can near-term gate model based quantum processors offer quantum advantage for practical applications in the pre-fault tolerance noise regime? A class of algorithms which have shown some promise in this regard are the so-called classical-quantum hybrid variational algorithms. Here we develop a low-depth quantum algorithm to generative neural networks using variational quantum circuits. We introduce a method which employs the quantum approximate optimization algorithm as a subroutine in order produce then sample low-energy distributions of Ising Hamiltonians. We sample these states to train neural networks and demonstrate training convergence for numerically simulated noisy circuits with depolarizing errors of rates of up to $4\%$.
Three-dimensional structure of a membrane-containing virus. (1993)

The structure of Sindbis virus was determined by electron cryomicroscopy. The virion contains two icosahedral shells of viral-encoded proteins separated by a membrane bilayer of cellular origin. The three-dimensional structure of the ice-embedded intact Sindbis virus, reconstructed from electron images, unambiguously shows that proteins in both shells are arranged with the same icosahedral lattice of triangulation number T = 4. These studies also provide structural evidence of contact between the glycoprotein and the nucleocapsid protein across the membrane bilayer. The structural organization of Sindbis virus has profound implications for the morphogenesis of the alphaviruses. The observed interactions confirm stoichiometric and specific protein associations that may be crucial for virion stability and predict a mechanism for assembly.
From Paillasson to Noordzij (1998)

FERNAND BAUDIN From Paillasson to Noordzij I. OBSERVATIONS ON THE TEACHING OF HANDWRITING Joie est mon caractere C'est la faute a Voltaire Misere est mon trousseau C'est la faute a Rousseau Je suis tombe par terre C'est la faute a Voltaire Le nez dans la ruisseau C'est la faute a Rousseau' In 1980, A.S. Osley and Merald Wrolstad were planning a special issue of Visible Language on the theme teaching handwriting. A number of authors were con- tacted in Europe and in the USA, and maybe other continents? and asked to write a piece on the history of the subject
A heparin sulfate-regulated human keratinocyte autocrine factor is similar or identical to amphiregulin. (1991)

A novel human keratinocyte-derived autocrine factor (KAF) was purified from conditioned medium by using heparin affinity chromatography as the first step. Purified KAF stimulated the growth of normal human keratinocytes, mouse AKR-2B cells, and a mouse keratinocyte cell line (BALB/MK). Heparin sulfate inhibited KAF mitogenic activity on all cell types tested and inhibited the ability of KAF to compete with epidermal growth factor for cell surface binding. Interestingly, KAF stimulated the growth of BALB/MK cells at high cell density but failed to stimulate these cells at clonal density. Protein microsequencing of the first 20 NH2-terminal amino acid residues of purified KAF revealed identity to the NH2 terminus of human amphiregulin (AR). Northern (RNA) blot analysis with AR-specific cRNA demonstrated that human keratinocytes, as well as mammary epithelial cell cultures, expressed high levels of AR mRNA. In contrast, AR mRNA was not detected in normal human fibroblasts or melanocytes and was present at reduced levels in several mammary tumor cell lines. The mitogenic activity of purified AR was also shown to be inhibited by heparin sulfate, and an AR-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed that KAF and AR are antigenically related. We have previously shown that human keratinocytes can grow in an autocrine manner. Our present study demonstrates that one of the growth factors responsible for this autocrine growth (KAF) is similar or identical to AR and that KAF and AR bioactivity can be negatively regulated by heparin sulfate.
The late phase of the immediate wheal and flare skin reaction. Its dependence upon IgE antibodies. (1976)

A B S T R A C T IgE antibodies are usually thought to in- duce only immediate skin reactions. We have shown that the intradermal injection of a number of different allergens can produce a prolonged inflammatory reac- tion after the immediate wheal and flare in most sensi- tive subjects. This late inflammatory response occurs 6-12 h after challenge and is characterized by diffuse edema, erythema, pruritus, tenderness, and heat. Both immediate and late responses can also be seen after pas- sive sensitization of skin sites in nonatopic subjects. That IgE is involved in inducing the reaction was shown by the abolition of both immediate and late responses by passive transfer tests in the following experiments: (a) heating atopic serum at 56C for 4 h, (b) removing IgE from the atopic serum by a solid phase anti-IgE im- munoabsorbent, and (c) competitively inhibiting the binding of IgE antibodies to cells by an IgE myeloma protein. In addition, both responses were induced by affinity chromatography-purified IgE antibody, followed by antigenic challenge. Very similar lesions could also be induced by intradermal injection of Compound 48/80, thus suggesting a central role in the reaction for the mast cell or basophil. Histologically, the late phase is characterized by edema and a mixed cellular infiltration, predominantly lymphocytic but also containing eosino- phils, neutrophils, and basophils. Direct immunofluores- cent staining did not show deposition of immunoglobulins or complement components, except IgM in 2 of 15 and C3 in 1 of 15 patients. This finding indicates that the late phase does not depend on the deposition of im-
Thyroid hormone aporeceptor represses T3-inducible promoters and blocks activity of the retinoic acid receptor. (1989)

In the presence of its ligand, thyroid hormone receptor (T3R) binds specifically to DNA sequences near a number of genes and induces their expression. We show that in the absence of the hormone, a T3R binding site acts in cis to decrease expression from such genes. The endogenous T3 receptors in rat pituitary cell lines are sufficient to mediate this effect, as shown by comparisons of basal levels of expression directed by transiently transfected plasmids containing the rat growth hormone promoter with wild-type or point-mutated T3 response elements (T3RE). The magnitude of the negative effect is increased by increasing the strength of the T3RE or by raising intracellular levels of T3R by appropriate transfections. T3REs exert a similar negative effect on the herpes virus thymidine kinase (TK) promoter; this effect is dependent on expression of functional T3 aporeceptor (apoT3R). Analysis of a set of T3REs of increasing strength inserted upstream of the TK promoter showed a strong correlation between the level of induced expression in the presence of hormone and the level of repressed expression in the absence of hormone. These results show that, unlike other members of the nuclear hormone receptor family, T3R binds to specific DNA sequences in the absence of hormone and exerts a negative effect on expression of linked genes. The apparent affinity of apoT3R and hormone-bound T3R for a T3RE was assessed by using varying amounts of T3R expression vector in a transfection dose response assay.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Treatment of actinide exposures: a review of Ca-DTPA injections inside CEA-COGEMA plants (2007)

Calcium diethylenetriamine pentacetate (Ca-DTPA) has been used for medical treatment of plutonium and americium contaminations in the CEA and COGEMA plants from 1970 to 2003. This paper is a survey of the injections Ca-DTPA administered as a chelating molecule and it will be a part of the authorisation process for Ca-DTPA by intravenous administration. Out of 1158 injections administered to 469 persons, 548 events of possible or confirmed contamination were reported. These employees were followed by occupational physicians according to the current French regulations. These incidents took place at work, were most often minor, not requiring follow-up treatment. The authors present (1) a synthesis of the most recent findings. Due to its short biological half-time and its limited action in the blood, Ca-DTPA does not chelate with plutonium and americium as soon as these elements are deposited in the target organs. It justifies an early treatment, even in cases of suspected contamination followed by additional injections if necessary (2) data concerning these 1158 injections (route of contamination, dosage, adverse effects, etc.) The authors also investigated a study on the efficacy of the product on a group of persons having received five or more injections. These results were compared with the efficacy estimated theoretically. Dosages and therapeutic schemes were proposed based on these observations. This synthesis is the result of a collective work having mobilised the occupational medicine departments, the medical laboratories inside a working group CEA-COGEMA-SPRA.
Rates of and Risk Factors for Trichomoniasis Among Pregnant Inmates in New York City (1998)

Trichomoniasis is highly prevalent in pregnant prisoners in New York City. The extent of disease observed may justify a formal program of testing and treatment and emphasizes the urgent need for harm reduction education and expanded HIV counseling and testing services in this high-risk population.
Increased motor drive and sleep loss in mice lacking Kv3‐type potassium channels (2003)

The voltage-gated potassium channels Kv3.1 and Kv3.3 are widely expressed in the brain, including areas implicated in the control of motor activity and in areas thought to regulate arousal states. Although Kv3.1 and Kv3.3-single mutants show some physiological changes, previous studies revealed relatively subtle behavioral alterations suggesting that Kv3.1 and Kv3.3 channel subunits may be encoded by a pair of redundant genes. In agreement with this hypothesis, Kv3.1/Kv3.3-deficient mice display a 'strong' mutant phenotype that includes motor dysfunction (ataxia, myoclonus, tremor) and hyperactivity when exposed to a novel environment. In this paper we report that Kv3.1/Kv3.3-deficient mice are also constitutively hyperactive. Compared to wildtype mice, double mutants display 'restlessness' that is particularly prominent during the light period, when mice are normally at rest, characterized by more than a doubling of ambulatory and stereotypic activity, and accompanied by a 40% sleep reduction. When we reinvestigated both single mutants, we observed constitutive increases of ambulatory and stereotypic activity in conjunction with sleep loss in Kv3.1-single mutants but not in Kv3.3-single mutants. These findings indicate that the absence of Kv3.1-channel subunits is primarily responsible for the increased motor drive and the reduction in sleep time.
Highly robust ultrathin silicon nitride films grown at low-temperature by microwave-excitation high-density plasma for giga scale integration (2000)

This paper focuses attention on electrical properties of ultra-thin silicon nitride films grown by radial line slot antenna high-density plasma system at a temperature of 400/spl deg/C as an advanced gate dielectric film. The results show low density of interface trap and bulk charge, lower leakage current than jet vapor deposition silicon nitride and thermally grown silicon oxide with same equivalent oxide thickness. Furthermore, they represent high breakdown field intensity, almost no stress-induced leakage current, very little trap generation even in high-field stress, and excellent resistance to boron penetration and oxidation.
Early nephron formation in the developing mouse kidney (2001)

This paper reports 3-dimensional confocal microscopy observations on how nephrogenic aggregates form from the NCAM- and Pax2-positive caps (4-5 cells deep) of condensed metanephric mesenchyme surrounding the duct tips of the mouse kidney. Aggregates of 6-8 cells are first seen at approximately E12.5-12.75 immediately proximal to this cap, closely abutting the duct surface. As the tip advances, NCAM expression is maintained in the cap but is otherwise restricted to aggregates whose cells rapidly epithelialise, forming tubules that invade the duct epithelium. Pax2 expression studies shows how the rind of nephrogenic blastemal cells forms: as duct tips extend towards the kidney surface, the associated Pax2+ cells form patches of cells on the kidney surface. These observations revise our knowledge of the timing and process of nephron initiation.
A dual yet opposite growth-regulating function of miR-204 and its target XRN1 in prostate adenocarcinoma cells and neuroendocrine-like prostate cancer cells (2015)

Androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer (PCa) causes neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) of prostatic adenocarcinomas (PAC) cells, leading to recurrence of PCa. Androgen-responsive genes involved in PCa progression including NED remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrated the importance of androgen receptor (AR)-microRNA-204 (miR-204)-XRN1 axis in PCa cell lines and the rat ventral prostate. Androgens downregulate miR-204, resulting in induction of XRN1 (5'-3' exoribonuclease 1), which we identified as a miR-204 target. miR-204 acts as a tumor suppressor in two PAC cell lines (LNCaP and 22Rv1) and as an oncomiR in two neuroendocrine-like prostate cancer (NEPC) cell lines (PC-3 and CL1). Importantly, overexpression of miR-204 and knockdown of XRN1 inhibited AR expression in PCa cells. Repression of miR-34a, a known AR-targeting miRNA, contributes AR expression by XRN1. Thus we revealed the AR-miR-204-XRN1-miR-34a positive feedback loop and a dual function of miR-204/XRN1 axis in prostate cancer.
Organic solid-state lasers with imprinted gratings on plastic substrates (1998)

Optically pumped laser emission has been observed from thin films of 8-hydroxyquinolinato aluminum (Alq) doped with a DCM dye deposited on a diffraction grating formed by imprinting a film of BCB with a mold. The BCB film, which is 4 μm thick, is deposited on a silicon or a flexible plastic substrate. Laser emission occurs at a wavelength near 655 nm which corresponds to the third order of the grating, which has a periodicity of ∼0.6 μm.
Predictors of joint damage in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis treated with high‐dose methotrexate with or without concomitant infliximab: Results from the ASPIRE trial (2006)

High CRP level, high ESR, or persistent disease activity was associated with greater radiographic progression in the group taking MTX alone, while little radiographic progression was seen in patients receiving both MTX and infliximab, regardless of the abnormal levels of these traditional predictors.
Thresholds of focal cerebral ischemia in awake monkeys (1981)

An awake-primate model has been developed which permits reversible middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion during physiological monitoring. This method eliminates the ischemia-modifying effects of anesthesia, and permits correlation of neurological function with cerebral blood flow (CBF) and neuropathology. The model was used to assess the brain's tolerance to focal cerebral ischemia. The MCA was occluded for 15 or 30 minutes, 2 to 3 hours, or permanently. Serial monitoring evaluated neurological function, local CBF (hydrogen clearance), and other physiological parameters (blood pressure, blood gases, and intracranial pressure). After 2 weeks, neuropathological evaluation identified infarcts and their relation to blood flow recording sites. Middle cerebral artery occlusion usually caused substantial decreases in local CBF. Variable reduction in flow correlated directly with the variable severity of deficit. Release of occlusion at up to 3 hours led to clinical improvement. Pathological examination showed microscopic foci of infarction after 15 to 30 minutes of ischemia, moderate to large infarcts after 2 to 3 hours of ischemia, and in most cases large infarcts after permanent MCA occlusion. Local CBF appeared to define thresholds for paralysis and infarction. When local flow dropped below about 23 cc/100 gm/min, reversible paralysis occurred. When local flow fell below 10 to 12 cc/100 gm/min for 2 to 3 hours or below 17 to 18 cc/100 gm/min during permanent occlusion, irreversible local damage was observed. These studies imply that some cases of acute hemiplegia, with blood flow in the paralysis range, might be improved by surgical revascularization. Studies of local CBF might help identify suitable cases for emergency revascularization.
The biological roles of exercise-induced cytokines: IL-6, IL-8, and IL-15 (2007)

Skeletal muscle fibers express several cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-15. Solid evidence exists that muscular IL-6 and IL-8 are regulated by muscle contractions, at both the mRNA and the protein levels. IL-6 increases insulin-stimulated glucose disposal and fatty acid oxidation in humans in vivo. Both IL-6 and IL-8 are released from working skeletal muscle, but because IL-6 contributes to the systemic circulation only a small transient net release of IL-8 is found from working muscle, suggesting that IL-8 may exert its effects locally in the muscle. IL-15 is a recently discovered growth factor, which is highly expressed in skeletal muscle. Interestingly, although IL-15 has been demonstrated as having anabolic effects on skeletal muscle in vitro and in vivo, it seems to play a role in reducing adipose tissue mass, and a role for IL-15 in muscle-fat cross-talk has been hypothesized. In conclusion, muscle-derived cytokines appear to have important roles in metabolism, and exercise plays a role in orchestrating the interplay between cytokines and metabolism.
Bmi-1 collaborates with c-Myc in tumorigenesis by inhibiting c-Myc-induced apoptosis via INK4a/ARF (1999)

MAP kinases phosphorylate specific groups of substrate proteins. Here we show that the amino acid sequence FXFP is an evolutionarily conserved docking site that mediates ERK MAP kinase binding to substrates in multiple protein families. FXFP and the D box, a different docking site, form a modular recognition system, as they can function independently or in combination. FXFP is specific for ERK, whereas the D box mediates binding to ERK and JNK MAP kinase, suggesting that the partially overlapping substrate specificities of ERK and JNK result from recognition of shared and unique docking sites. These findings enabled us to predict new ERK substrates and design peptide inhibitors of ERK that functioned in vitro and in vivo.