gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of linear deoxyribonucleic acid plasmids from Kluyveromyces lactis and the plasmid-associated killer character (1981)

Two linear deoxyribonucleic acid plasmids, designated pGK11 and pGK12, were isolated from the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis IFO 1267. pGK11 and pGK12 had molecular weights of 5.4 X 10(6) and 8.4 X 10(6), respectively. Both plasmids possessed the same density of 1.687 g/cm3, lighter than the densities of mitochondrial (1.692 g/cm3) and nuclear (1.699 g/cm3) deoxyribonucleic acids. A restriction map of pGK11 was constructed from digestions by EcoRI, HindIII, PstI, and BamHI. pGK12 was cleaved by EcoRI into seven fragments and by BamHI into two fragments K. lactis IFO 1267 killed Saccharomyces cerevisiae sensitive and killer strains and certain strains of Saccharomyces italicus, K. lactis, Kluyveromyces thermotolerans, and K. vanudenii. All K. lactis strains lacking the pGK1 plasmids were nonkillers. A hybrid was constructed between K. lactis IFO 1267 and a nonkiller K. lactis strain lacking the plasmids and subjected to tetrad analysis after sporulation. The killer character was extrachromosomally transmitted in all tetrads in association with the pGK1 plasmids. The double-stranded ribonucleic acid killer plasmid could not be detected in any K. lactis killer strains. It is thus highly probable that the killer character is mediated by the linear deoxyribonucleic acid plasmids. A single chromosomal gene was found which was responsible for the resistance to the K. lactis killer.
Combinatorial Material Mechanics: High‐Throughput Polymer Synthesis and Nanomechanical Screening (2005)

Combinatorial materials science requires parallel advances in materials characterization. A high-throughput nanoscale synthesis/nanomechanical profiling approach capable of accurately screening the mechanical properties of 1,700 photopolymerizable materials (see Figure, scale bar: 100 μm) within a large, discrete polymer library is presented. This approach enables rapid correlation of polymer composition, processing, and structure with mechanical performance metrics.
Unique Human Tumor Antigens: Immunobiology and Use in Clinical Trials (2007)

The individual, unique tumor Ags, which characterize each single tumor, were described 50 years ago in rodents but their molecular characterization was limited to few of them and obtained during the last 20 years. Here we summarize the evidence for the existence and the biological role of such Ags in human tumors, although such evidence was provided only during the last 10 years and by a limited number of studies, a fact leading to a misrepresentation of unique Ags in human tumor immunology. This was also due to the increasing knowledge on the shared, self-human tumor Ags, which have been extensively used as cancer vaccines. In this review, we highlight the biological and clinical importance of unique Ags and suggest how they could be used in clinical studies aimed at assessing their immunogenic and clinical potential both in active and adoptive immunotherapy of human tumors.
Protecting Buildings against Airborne Contamination (2007)

For both homeland security and military defense, buildings must be defended against airborne chemical and biological hazards. In considering which types of attacks might occur, it is clear that many different hazardous contaminants and scenarios can be involved. Fortunately, buildings offer many options for contaminant mitigation and exposure reduction. Passive protective measures have been effectively used for years and include architectural features, physical security, and air filtration. Recently emerging air monitoring sensors allow active protective measures that can complement and extend the protection afforded by passive measures. These active measures include HVAC and building mechanical changes, directed use of personnel protective equipment, and directed movement of occupants to safe shelter. Determining the most appropriate integrated protective system is a daunting systems engineering problem. This problem is addressable by using several quantitative figures of merit, as shown by case studies of the Hanscom Lincoln Testbed/
Recognition of mRNA cap structures by viral and cellular proteins (2005)

Most cellular and eukaryotic viral mRNAs have a cap structure at their 5' end that is critical for efficient translation. Cap structures also aid in mRNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm and, in addition, protect the mRNAs from degradation by 5' exonucleases. Cap function is mediated by cap-binding proteins that play a key role in translational control. Recent structural studies on the cellular cap-binding complex, the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E and the vaccinia virus protein 39, suggest that these three evolutionary unrelated cap-binding proteins have evolved a common cap-binding pocket by convergent evolution. In this pocket the positively charged N(7)-methylated guanine ring of the cap structure is stacked between two aromatic amino acids. In this review, the similarities and differences in cap binding by these three different cap-binding proteins are discussed. A comparison with new functional data for another viral cap-binding protein--the polymerase basic protein (PB2) of influenza virus--suggests that a similar cap-binding mechanism has also evolved in influenza virus.
Natural History of Individuals With Asymptomatic Disc Abnormalities in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2000)

Physical job characteristics and psychological aspects of work were more powerful than magnetic resonance imaging-identified disc abnormalities in predicting the need for low back pain-related medical consultation and the resultant work incapacity. However,the conclusions are still preliminary, and replication of the findings in larger and more representative study samples is needed.
A Cloud Storage Architecture Model for Data-Intensive Applications (2011)

Scalability and I/O efficiency are two of the biggest challenges in building cloud storage system, especially to the data-intensive applications that will run on cloud. To cloud computing, constructing a suitable architecture for every kind of cloud service is the key to succeed. But very little work has been done to create a valid and standard cloud storage architecture. In this paper, a four-layer cloud storage architecture is proposed. To meet the requirements of data-intensive applications, an efficient and scalable node organization model is introduced to the cloud storage system.
Improved electrospray ionization of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (1991)

Abstract A method is described for rapid purification of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides to remove sodium counter ions prior to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The oligomers, following purification by gel electrophoresis, are precipitated from ammonium acetate to replace sodium ions by ammonium ions, and dissolved in water. Negative‐ion electrospray spectra are presented for oligomers with up to 48 residues in which the most intense peaks correspond to the [MnH] n − ion. The spectrum of 77‐mer ( M r 24039) shows the predominant peak as due to retention of only a single sodium ion. Changes in the spectra are reported for different instrument orifice voltages and different solution pH. The method should permit rapid, accurate analysis of most typical, synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides.
Ultra-high di/dt 2500 V MOS assisted gate-triggered thyristors (MAGTs) for high repetition excimer laser system (2003)

A novel MOS assisted gate-triggered thyristor (MAGT) having high di/dt turn-on characteristics is proposed. It is shown that 40 kA/cm/sup 2// mu s of di/dt can be attained for a turn-on from 1500-V anode voltage, 9090-A/cm/sup 2/ peak anode current, and 0.7- mu s pulse width, with an extremely low turn-on power loss. The transient anode voltage, caused by high di/dt, is less than 100 V, even in the case of 9090 A/cm/sup 2/ for the anode current density. It is concluded that MAGT is a very promising device to replace thyratrons in a high-repetition excimer laser system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Constitutive activation of STAT3 is associated with the acquisition of an interleukin 6–independent phenotype by murine plasmacytomas and hybridomas (2000)

Interleukin 6 (IL-6), the major growth factor for myeloma cells, signals through the activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) proteins. An important step in the malignant progression of murine plasmacytomas is the transition from dependence on IL-6 to a state of IL-6 independence. To elucidate the mechanism whereby IL-6 independence occurs, intracellular signaling events elicited by IL-6 in both IL-6–dependent and –independent plasmacytomas and hybridomas were compared. It was found that STAT3, a key molecule involved in IL-6 signaling, was constitutively activated and phosphorylated in IL-6–independent cell lines compared to the IL-6–dependent cells. Further comparison of upstream signaling pathways revealed that JAK-1 was constitutively present in anti-phosphotyrosine immunoprecipitates of IL-6–independent cells; gp130 was constitutively phosphorylated in a subset of IL-6–independent plasmacytomas, whereas other IL-6–independent lines showed no detectable gp130 phosphorylation in the absence of exogenous IL-6. Secretion of a factor capable of supporting the growth of IL-6–dependent cells was observed in one of the IL-6–independent plasmacytomas, but not in others, making an autocrine mechanism an unlikely explanation for IL-6 independence. These findings provide evidence that the constitutive activation of STAT3, either in the absence of detectable receptor-proximal events or associated with the concomitant activation of gp130, can contribute to the process of IL-6 independence.
Thyroid hormone alters in vitro DNA binding of monomers and dimers of thyroid hormone receptors. (1992)

T3 binds to intranuclear thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) on target DNA elements and exerts profound influences on gene expression by mechanisms not yet characterized. We used gel shift assays and cross-linking experiments to demonstrate that T3 greatly induced the monomeric binding of the hTR beta produced in Escherichia coli to DNA. T3 also increased the gel mobility of these monomer-DNA complexes suggesting they undergo a ligand-induced conformational change. This effect did not depend on the orientation and spacing of the half-site motifs within the DNA structure. In contrast, T3 had diverse effects on the dimeric interaction. T3 increased the dimeric interaction to the palindrome GGTCA.TGACC (an effect lost by spacing the half-sites with 3 base pairs) and decreased the dimeric interaction to the inverted palindrome containing the TGACC.GGTCA motif. Scatchard analyses indicated that the T3 enhancement on binding was due to an increase in the number of TR with high affinity DNA-binding activity and not by increasing the affinity of TR that could bind to DNA. The effects of various T3 analogs were directly related to their affinities for the TR. These ligand effects on in vitro TR-DNA binding may reflect mechanisms by which T3 regulates transcription in vivo.
Application of Water-Soluble Titanium Complexes as Precursors for Synthesis of Titanium-Containing Oxides via Aqueous Solution Processes (2010)

Abstract The growing significance of nanocrystalline inorganic functional materials in the fields of catalysis, electronics, and energy conversion together with the increasing demand of the society for safer, softer, and “greener” technologies has drawn considerable attention of the researchers toward water-based solution processes for synthesis of such materials. In this respect complex oxides, containing d0-transition metals, such as Ti, Nb, Ta, or Si represent an outstanding challenge for materials chemists due to the extremely narrow range or almost complete absence of suitable precursor compounds compatible with aqueous systems. In the recent 10 years, a remarkable progress has been achieved in the development of new water-soluble complexes of titanium and considerable experience was accumulated in the application of these compounds for synthesis of nanocrystalline titanium-containing materials. The essential knowledge of coordination chemistry of such water-soluble titanium complexes is reviewed in this work, which succeeded to identify the key structural features responsible for stability of the compounds against hydrolysis and to provide guidelines for synthesis of these complexes. Finally, an extensive overview of highly selective aqueous solution based synthesis of TiO2 polymorphs as well as complex oxide materials with the help of the novel water-soluble titanium complexes is provided.
Passive immunization for the prevention and treatment of HIV infection (1992)

Department of Pathology and Center for AIDS Research, New York University Medical School and Laboratory and Research Services, New York Veteren's Affairs Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
The Long-Term Impact of Johnson & Johnson???s Health & Wellness Program on Employee Health Risks (2002)

To be viewed as successful, corporate health promotion and disease prevention programs must demonstrate that they can improve the risk profile of employees as a whole, and, in particular, those employees at highest risk. This study reports the effectiveness of Johnson & Johnson's newly configured Health & Wellness Program in reducing the health risks of 4586 employees who participated in two serial health screening programs, with a minimum of 1 year between screenings. The study also examines the impact of participation in a high-risk intervention program called Pathways to Change on health risk factors. McNemar chi-squared and z-test statistics were used to evaluate changes in health risks over time. Results indicate significant risk reduction in 8 of 13 risk categories examined for all employees who participated in two health risk assessments over an average of 2 3/4 years. When comparing Pathways to Change participants with non-participants, participants outperformed their non-participant counterparts in six categories but performed worse in five other categories that were not specifically targeted by the high-risk program. In two categories, no differences were found. The study underscores the ability of large-scale, well-attended, and comprehensive corporate health and productivity management programs to positively impact the health and well-being of workers.
(E)-1,3-Dialkyl-7-methyl-8-(3,4,5-trimethoxystyryl)xanthines: potent and selective adenosine A2 antagonists (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT(E)-1,3-Dialkyl-7-methyl-8-(3,4,5-trimethoxystyryl)xanthines: potent and selective adenosine A2 antagonistsJunichi Shimada, Fumio Suzuki, Hiromi Nonaka, Akio Ishii, and Shunji IchikawaCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1992, 35, 12, 2342–2345Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00090a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00090a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views273Altmetric-Citations115LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Mercaptoethylguanidine and Guanidine Inhibitors of Nitric-oxide Synthase React with Peroxynitrite and Protect against Peroxynitrite-induced Oxidative Damage (1997)

Nitric oxide (NO) produced by the inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) is responsible for some of the pathophysiological alterations during inflammation. Part of NO-related cytotoxicity is mediated by peroxynitrite, an oxidant species produced from NO and superoxide. Aminoguanidine and mercaptoethylguanidine (MEG) are inhibitors of iNOS and have anti-inflammatory properties. Here we demonstrate that MEG and related compounds are scavengers of peroxynitrite. MEG caused a dose-dependent inhibition of the peroxynitrite-induced oxidation of cytochrome c2+, hydroxylation of benzoate, and nitration of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid. MEG reacts with peroxynitrite with a second-order rate constant of 1900 +/- 64 M-1 s-1 at 37 degrees C. In cultured macrophages, MEG reduced the suppression of mitochondrial respiration and DNA single strand breakage in response to peroxynitrite. MEG also reduced the degree of vascular hyporeactivity in rat thoracic aortic rings exposed to peroxynitrite. The free thiol plays an important role in the scavenging effect of MEG. Aminoguanidine neither affected the oxidation of cytochrome c2+ nor reacted with ground state peroxynitrite, but inhibited the peroxynitrite-induced benzoate hydroxylation and 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid nitration, indicating that it reacts with activated peroxynitrous acid or nitrogen dioxide. Compounds that act both as iNOS inhibitors and peroxynitrite scavengers may be useful anti-inflammatory agents.
JUMBL: a tool for model-based statistical testing (2003)

Statistical testing of software based on a usage model is a cost-effective and efficient means to make inferences about software quality. In order to apply this method, a usage model is developed and analyzed to validate its fitness for use in testing. The model may then be used to generate test cases representing expected usage, and to reason about system reliability given the performance on the set of tests. The J Usage Model Builder Library (JUMBL) is a Java class library and set of command-line tools for working with usage models. The JUMBL supports construction and analysis of models, generation of test cases, automated-execution of tests, and analysis of testing results.
Studies on New Strategies for the Synthesis of Oligomeric 1,2,3-Triazoles (2006)

Key words 5-iodo-1,2,3-triazole - iodo-1,3-diploar cycloaddition reaction - conjugated tetra-1,2,3-triazoles - Sonogashira reaction
TREATMENT OF LUMBAR INTERVERTEBRAL DISC LESIONS BY DIRECT INJECTION OF CHYMOPAPAIN (1967)

1. An account of experiences in seventy-five cases with a new method of treatment of low back pain and sciatica caused by intervertebral disc lesions has been presented. The method is based on the fact that chymopapain, a proteolytic enzyme, can break down displaced intervertebral disc material without deleterious effects upon adjacent tissues. 2. Chymopapain was injected into intervertebral discs by the postero-lateral or preferably the lateral approach. Two milligrams per disc constitute an effective dose. The enzyme was administered to seventy-five patients who were potential candidates for laminectomy. These patients were followed for four to thirty months and results were graded as "good" (76 per cent), "fair" (15 per cent) and "poor" (9 per cent). 3. Although untoward reactions have been encountered, none of these has been attributable to chymopapain. 4. Our investigations have convinced us that enzymatic dissolution of a lumbar intervertebral disc lesion is a safe, effective method of relieving sciatica and low back pain in selected cases.
Autocrine-Controlled Formation and Function of Tissue-Like Aggregates by Primary Hepatocytes in Micropatterned Hydrogel Arrays (2010)

The liver carries out a variety of essential functions regulated in part by autocrine signaling, including hepatocyte-produced growth factors and extracellular matrix (ECM). The local concentrations of autocrine factors are governed by a balance between receptor-mediated binding at the cell surface and diffusion into the local matrix and are thus expected to be influenced by the dimensionality of the cell culture environment. To investigate the role of growth factor and ECM-modulated autocrine signaling in maintaining appropriate primary hepatocyte survival, metabolic functions, and polarity, we created three-dimensional cultures of defined geometry using micropatterned semisynthetic polyethylene glycol-fibrinogen hydrogels to provide a mechanically compliant, nonadhesive material platform that could be modified by cell-secreted factors. We found that in the absence of exogenous peptide growth factors or ECM, hepatocytes retain the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor ligands (EGF and transforming growth factor-α) and the proto-oncogenic mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (c-MET) ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), along with fibronectin. Further, hepatocytes cultured in this three-dimensional microenvironment maintained high levels of liver-specific functions over the 10-day culture period. Function-blocking inhibitors of α5β1 or EGF receptor dramatically reduced cell viability and function, suggesting that signaling by both these receptors is needed for in vitro survival and function of hepatocytes in the absence of other exogenous signals.
A Wireless Implantable Multichannel Microstimulating System-on-a-Chip With Modular Architecture (2007)

A 64-site wireless current microstimulator chip (Interestim-2B) and a prototype implant based on the same chip have been developed for neural prosthetic applications. Modular standalone architecture allows up to 32 chips to be individually addressed and operated in parallel to drive up to 2048 stimulating sites. The only off-chip components are a receiver inductive-capacitive (LC) tank, a capacitive low-pass filter for ripple rejection, and arrays of microelectrodes for interfacing with the neural tissue. The implant receives inductive power up to 50 mW and data at 2.5 Mb/s from a frequency shift keyed (FSK) 5/10 MHZ carrier to generate up to 65,800 stimulus pulses/s. Each Interestim-2B chip contains 16 current drivers with 270 microA full-scale current, 5-bit (32-steps) digital-to-analog converter (DAC) resolution, 100 M omega output impedance, and a voltage compliance that extends within 150 and 250 mV of the 5 V supply and ground rails, respectively. It can generate any arbitrary current waveform and supports a variety of monopolar and bipolar stimulation protocols. A common analog line provides access to each site potential, and exhausts residual stimulus charges for charge balancing. The chip has site potential measurement and in situ site impedance measurement capabilities, which help its users indicate defective sites or characteristic shifts in chronic stimulations. Interestim-2B chip is fabricated in the AMI 1.5 microm standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process and measures 4.6 x 4.6 x 0.5 mm. The prototype implant size including test connectors is 19 x 14 x 6 mm, which can be shrunk down to < 0.5 CC. This paper also summarizes some of the in vitro and in vivo experiments performed using the Interestim-2B prototype implant.