gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Co-Occurrent Features in Semantic Segmentation (2019)

Recent work has achieved great success in utilizing global contextual information for semantic segmentation, including increasing the receptive field and aggregating pyramid feature representations. In this paper, we go beyond global context and explore the fine-grained representation using co-occurrent features by introducing Co-occurrent Feature Model, which predicts the distribution of co-occurrent features for a given target. To leverage the semantic context in the co-occurrent features, we build an Aggregated Co-occurrent Feature (ACF) Module by aggregating the probability of the co-occurrent feature with the co-occurrent context. ACF Module learns a fine-grained spatial invariant representation to capture co-occurrent context information across the scene. Our approach significantly improves the segmentation results using FCN and achieves superior performance 54.0% mIoU on Pascal Context, 87.2% mIoU on Pascal VOC 2012 and 44.89% mIoU on ADE20K datasets. The source code and complete system will be publicly available upon publication.
<title>Low-bit-rate subband image coding with matching pursuits</title> (1998)

In this paper, a novel multiresolution algorithm for low bit-rate image compression is presented. High quality low bit-rate image compression is achieved by first decomposing the image into approximation and detail subimages with a shift-orthogonal multiresolution analysis. Then, at the coarsest resolution level, the coefficients of the transformation are encoded by an orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm with a wavelet packet dictionary. Our dictionary consists of convolutional splines of up to order two for the detail and approximation subbands. The intercorrelation between the various resolutions is then exploited by using the same bases from the dictionary to encode the coefficients of the finer resolution bands at the corresponding spatial locations. To further exploit the spatial correlation of the coefficients, the zero trees of wavelets (EZW) algorithm was used to identify the potential zero trees. The coefficients of the presentation are then quantized and arithmetic encoded at each resolution, and packed into a scalable bit stream structure. Our new algorithm is highly bit-rate scalable, and performs better than the segmentation based matching pursuit and EZW encoders at lower bit rates, based on subjective image quality and peak signal-to-noise ratio.
Human Native Soluble CD40L Is a Biologically Active Trimer, Processed Inside Microsomes (1996)

CD40 ligand (CD40L) is a glycoprotein expressed on the surface of activated helper T cells, basophils, mast cells, and eosinophils. Binding of CD40L to its receptor CD40 on the B cell surface induces B cell proliferation, adhesion, and immunoglobulin class switching. We have identified soluble cleavage products of human CD40L in the supernatant of a stimulated human T cell clone. Subcellular fractionation experiments have shown that the transmembrane CD40L is processed inside the microsomes and that its cleavage is stimulation-dependent. The native human soluble CD40L is trimeric and, when used in conjunction with interleukin-4, induces B cell proliferation.
A highly sensitive radioreceptor assay for atrial natriuretic peptide in rat plasma (1988)

To enable serial measurements of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentrations in the rat, a microradioreceptor assay (RRA) for this hormone was developed. Glomerular microsomes bearing ANP receptors were used to bind ANP. The smallest quantity of ANP detectable by this method was 0.2 fmol/sample. By contrast, a radioimmunoassay for ANP was sensitive to 2.4 fmol/sample. The intra- and interassay coefficients of variation for the RRA were 4.1 and 11.6%, respectively. Recovery of 10, 20, 50, and 100 pM synthetic ANP added to unextracted rat plasma was essentially 100%. Biologically inactive, synthetic amino- and carboxy-terminal ANP fragments added to rat plasma were not detected. Plasma ANP was stable when measured four consecutive times at 90-min intervals in 10 fasting rats. In a separate group of rats, fasting plasma ANP levels averaged 34 +/- 3 and rose to 57 +/- 5 pM in the postprandial state (P less than 0.001), whereas levels in fasting time controls remained constant. It is concluded that the RRA for ANP described here detects ANP in microliter quantities of unextracted rat plasma. Thus serial measurements of ANP concentrations can be undertaken in rats without inducing major changes in the volume status.
PLATO를 활용한 상담 초기과정에서의 놀이치료자 치료반응 분석 -놀이치료 훈련생을 대상으로- (2011)

본 연구는 놀이치료과정에서 나타나는 놀이치료 훈련생의 치료 반응을 분석함으로써 놀이치료 훈련생의 치료 반응의 양상을 구체적으로 밝히고자 하였다. 이를 위해 21명의 놀이치료 훈련생의 각 사례별 녹취록을 초보 놀이치료자 교육을 위한 아동중심 유형분류체계(PLATO)를 사용하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 놀이치료 훈련생들은 PLATO의 4가지 범주 중에서 참여적 반응을 많이 사용하는 것으로 나타났고, 놀이치료 훈련생이 많이 보이는 촉진적 반응은 감정반영과 능력반영이었으며, 반대로 놀이치료 훈련생이 많이 보이는 비촉진적 반응은 내용과 트래킹진술을 질문으로 바꾸기와 아동 이끌기였다. 또한 촉진적 반응 중에서 치료적인 제한설정을 어려워하는 것으로 나타나 추후 이에 대한 다양한 접근이 시도되어야 할 것으로 보인다. 본 연구의 결과는 놀이치료 훈련생의 치료 반응의 양상에 대해 실제적으로 탐색해 보았다는 점에서 의의가 있고, 놀이치료 훈련생 및 초보 놀이치료자를 훈련하고 교육할 때 중점을 두어야 할 내용에 대한 구체적인 가이드라인을 제공함으로써 놀이치료자와 수퍼비전 교육에 시사하는 바가 크다고 하겠다.
Microsoft SQL server 7 for dummies (1998)

From the Publisher:
With its new built-in management tools, scores of extra wizards, and support for the latest database standards, Microsoft SQL Server 7 is hotter than ever. With the expert advice of SQL Server 7 guru Anthony Mann, you'll quickly and easily develop the expertise you need to build, deploy, and manage a reliable, scalable database system that can handle your entire business - and grow with it.
31% European InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs Solar Cells for Space Application (2017)

We report a triple junction InGaP/GaAs/InGaNAs solar cell with efficiency of ~31% at AM0, 25 °C fabricated using a combined molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) processes. The prototype cells comprise of InGaNAs (Indium Gallium Nitride Arsenide) bottom junction grown on a GaAs (Gallium Arsenide) substrate by MBE and middle and top junctions deposited by MOCVD. Repeatable cell characteristics and uniform efficiency pattern over 4-inch wafers were obtained. Combining the advantages offered by MBE and MOCVD opens a new perspective for fabrication of high-efficiency space tandem solar cells with three or more junctions. Results of radiation resistance of the sub-cells are also presented and critically evaluated to achieve high efficiency in EOL conditions.
ORBITAL COBALT IRRADIATION COMBINED WITH RETROBULBAR OR SYSTEMIC CORTICOSTEROIDS FOR GRAVES' OPHTHALMOPATHY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY (1987)

Combined therapy with systemic corticosteroids and orbital cobalt radiotherapy has been shown to be an effective treatment of severe Graves' ophthalmopathy. The potentially serious side-effects of large doses of systemic corticosteroids prompted us to evaluate the use of retrobulbar corticosteroids instead of systemic corticosteroids. Forty-four patients with active Graves' ophthalmopathy were given orbital cobalt irradiation (total dose 2000 rads) and retrobulbar methylprednisolone acetate (14 bilateral injections at 20-30 d intervals). The degree of ocular involvement and responses to treatment were evaluated by numerical scoring (ophthalmopathy index, OI) and clinical assessment. Excellent or good responses were observed in 11 out of 44 patients (25%), 24 (55%) showed slight responses, and no change was found in 9 patients (20%). The initial OI mean score was 5.9; the final score was 3.2, with a change of -2.7 (P less than 0.001). Regression or partial improvement was observed in most cases (35/44, 80%) with soft tissue changes, and in all 9 cases with sight loss due to optic neuropathy. Proptosis, corneal lesions and extra-ocular muscle involvement were less responsive, since regression or partial improvement was observed in 39% (12/31), 50% (8/16) and 31% (13/42), respectively. No major side-effects were observed. The effects of this type of therapy and those obtained by combined therapy with systemic corticosteroids and orbital radiotherapy were compared in two groups of 30 patients each, randomly assigned to either treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Design, synthesis, and study of simple monocyclic conjugated enediynes. The 10-membered ring enediyne moiety of the enediyne anticancer antibiotics (1992)

Following the discovery of the enediyne anticancer antibiotics, investigations were initiated directed toward the design, synthesis, and study of simple monocyclic conjugated enediynes. In this article the synthesis of the parent 10-membered ring enediyne found in the enediyne natural products and its properties are described. In addition to the parent hydrocarbon 27, the synthetic methodology developed based on the Ramberg-Bäcklund reaction delivers a series of higher ring homologs (17–22) and the water soluble version of the 10-membered ring compound 47. Molecular mechanics calculations on these systems led to a number of geometrical parameters which correlated well with their tendencies to undergo the Bergman cycloaromatization reaction. Kinetic studies on the Bergman cycloaromatization of the 10-membered ring enediynes 27 and 47 led to the following thermodynamic values: 27, energy of activation (E<sub>a</sub>) = 23.8 kcal/mol, ΔG<sup>‡</sup> (37 °C) = 24.6 kcal/mol; 47, energy of activation (E<sub>a</sub>) = 31.5 kcal/mol, ΔG<sup>‡</sup> (37 °C) = 24.8 kcal/mol. The designed enediyne 47 showed potent DNA-cleaving properties becoming the first synthetic molecule to mimic the action of the naturally occurring enediynes in this regard.
Antiviral activity and its mechanism of guanine 7-N-oxide on DNA and RNA viruses derived from salmonid. (1985)

Guanine 7-N-oxide produced by Streptomyces sp. was found to inhibit in vitro the replication of herpes virus (Oncorhynchus masou virus, OMV), rhabdo virus (infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus, IHNV) and a bi-segmented double-strand virus (infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, IPNV) derived from salmonids with IC50 values of about 10 micrograms/ml, 20 micrograms/ml and 32 micrograms/ml, respectively. The agent was not toxic for the host cells (chinook salmon embryo, CHSE-214) at the IC50 concentrations. Labeling of IHNV viral RNA and host cellular DNA and RNA with [3H]uridine and [3H]thymidine during drug treatment showed that guanine 7-N-oxide did not reduce the incorporation of these precusors into RNA and DNA. The anti-IHNV activity of guanine 7-N-oxide was enhanced synergistically by neplanocin A, an inhibitor of RNA methylation. The mechanism of action of guanine 7-N-oxide is discussed, in regard to maturation of viral messenger RNA including capping.
Predicting Drug Metabolism:  A Site of Metabolism Prediction Tool Applied to the Cytochrome P450 2C9 (2003)

The aim of the present study is to develop a method for predicting the site at which molecules will be metabolized by CYP 2C9 (cytochrome P450 2C9) using a previously reported protein homology model of the enzyme. Such a method would be of great help in designing new compounds with a better pharmacokinetic profile, or in designing prodrugs where the compound needs to be metabolized in order to become active. The methodology is based on a comparison between alignment-independent descriptors derived from GRID Molecular Interaction Fields for the CYP 2C9 active site, and a distance-based representation of the substrate. The predicted site of metabolism is reported as a ranking list of all the hydrogen atoms of each substrate molecule. Eighty-seven CYP 2C9-catalyzed oxidative reactions reported in the literature have been analyzed. In more than 90% of these cases, the hydrogen atom ranked at the first, second, or third position was the experimentally reported site of oxidation.
Hybrid product term and LUT based architectures using embedded memory blocks (1999)

The Embedded System Block (ESB) of the APEX20K programmable logic device family from Altera Corporation includes the capability of implementing product term macrocells in addition to flexibly configurable ROM and dual port RAM. In product term mode, each ESB has 16 macrocells built out of 32 product terms with 32 literal inputs. The ability to reconfigure memory blocks in this way represents a new and innovative use of resources in a programmable logic device, requiring creative solutions in both the hardware and software domains. The architecture and features of this Embedded System Block are described.
Applications of immunological methods in biomedical sciences (1986)

Monoclonal antibodies Applications: monoclonal antibodies Applications: immunological methods Additional clinical applications of immunological methods General methods for immunologic studies.
Oncogene detection at the single cell level. (1988)

We describe strategies for the detection of oncogenes at the single-cell level and for the positive identification of under-represented oncogenic alleles in mixed populations of normal and tumor cells. By combining the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique with a liquid hybridization and gel retardation assay, we have been able to detect H-ras sequences in single cells, including in one fertilized mouse ovum. We also describe a modification of the PCR protocol involving the use of mismatched primers. This procedure allows for the creation of novel Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLP) diagnostic of specific point mutations. This experimental approach has allowed us to detect ras oncogenes in a single heterozygous cell in the presence of 10(5) normal cells.
A highly immunogenic tumor transfected with a murine transforming growth factor type beta 1 cDNA escapes immune surveillance. (1990)

A highly immunogenic C3H-derived UV-induced tumor was cotransfected with a murine transforming growth factor type beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) cDNA and a neomycin-resistance gene. Stable clones were isolated and used in vitro and in vivo to determine the effects of endogenously produced TGF-beta on cytolytic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses. Tumor cells producing TGF-beta, though retaining expression for class I major histocompatibility complex molecules and the tumor-specific antigen, did not stimulate primary CTL responses in vitro and were not effective in vivo for directly stimulating primary CTL or in priming for CTL responses. Furthermore, TGF-beta-producing tumors grew progressively in transiently immunosuppressed mice without losing the tumor antigen; thus, TGF-beta produced by tumors may promote escape from immune surveillance.
The Growing Threat of Foodborne Bacterial Enteropathogens of Animal Origin (2007)

Campylobacter and Salmonella species and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC; the majority of which are type O157:H7) efficiently enter the human food chain from infected or colonized animals. Poultry contamination with Campylobacter and/or Salmonella species and produce contamination with STEC have become major public health challenges. The global food supply, which allows us to purchase desired items throughout the year, a growing interest in consuming fresh vegetables and fruits, and an increasing number of persons who consume foods at restaurants all assure that the health threats associated with these pathogens will continue. Antibiotic use by humans and food animals selects for the development of resistance among Campylobacter and Salmonella strains, promoting invasive forms of infection and complicating therapy of illness. A comprehensive public health approach is needed that focuses on disease surveillance and infection control in the food industry continuum, from harvesting and processing, to distribution, to later preparation in public eating establishments and in homes. Good Agricultural Practices, including the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point Program and validation of critical infection-control points at all stages of the food industry cycle, coupled with other food safety interventions, including irradiation for certain higher-risk foods, should help us improve the quality of food with regard to microbials and reduce human disease.
Extragenic Suppressors of the Arabidopsis det1 Mutant Identify Elements of Flowering-Time and Light-Response Regulatory Pathways (1997)

Light regulation of seeding morphogenesis is mediated by photoreceptors that perceive red, far-red, blue and UV light. Photomorphogenetic mutants of Arabidopsis have identified several of the primary photoreceptors, as well as a set of negative regulators of seedling photomorphogenesis, including DET1, that appear to act downstream of the photoreceptors. To study the regulatory context in which DET1 acts to repress photomorphogenesis, we used a simple morphological screen to isolate extragenic mutations in six loci, designated ted (for reversal of the det phenotype), that partially or fully suppress the seeding morphological phenotype of det1-1. Genetic analyses indicate that mutations in the ted4 and ted5 loci identify new alleles of the previously described photomorphogenetic loci hy1 and hy5, respectively. Molecular analyses indicate that the ted mutations partially suppress the dark-grown gene expression phenotype of det1-1, and that the mechanism of suppression does not involve direct remediation of the splicing defect caused by the det1-1 mutation. The ted mutations also partially suppress the light-grown morphological phenotype of mature det1-1 plants, and ted1 and ted2 suppress a daylength insensitivity phenotype of det1. TED1, TED2 and TED3 are newly described genes, whose function appears closely associated with that of DET1. In addition, alleles of ted1 are associated with a moderate late-flowering phenotype, suggesting that TED1 plays a role in the pathways that regulate both seedling morphogenesis and the initiation of flowering.
A 500-MHz 4-Mb CMOS pipeline-burst cache SRAM with point-to-point noise reduction coding I/O (1997)

A 32-b 500-MHz 4-1-1-1 operation 4-Mb pipeline burst cache SRAM has been developed. In order to achieve both high bandwidth operation and short latency operation, we developed the following technologies: 1) a prefetched pipeline-burst scheme with double late-write buffers, 2) gate size reduction and a bit-line equalization by source resetting, 3) point-to-point bidirectional coding I/O's to reduce bus noise and power consumption, and 4) a three-level metal 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS process technology with six transistor memory cells.
Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Mediates Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transdifferentiation through a RhoA-dependent Mechanism (2001)

Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta) can be tumor suppressive, but it can also enhance tumor progression by stimulating the complex process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transdifferentiaion (EMT). The signaling pathway(s) that regulate EMT in response to TGF-beta are not well understood. We demonstrate the acquisition of a fibroblastoid morphology, increased N-cadherin expression, loss of junctional E-cadherin localization, and increased cellular motility as markers for TGF-beta-induced EMT. The expression of a dominant-negative Smad3 or the expression of Smad7 to levels that block growth inhibition and transcriptional responses to TGF-beta do not inhibit mesenchymal differentiation of mammary epithelial cells. In contrast, we show that TGF-beta rapidly activates RhoA in epithelial cells, and that blocking RhoA or its downstream target p160(ROCK), by the expression of dominant-negative mutants, inhibited TGF-beta-mediated EMT. The data suggest that TGF-beta rapidly activates RhoA-dependent signaling pathways to induce stress fiber formation and mesenchymal characteristics.
The neuropathology of primary mood disorder (2002)

The biological mechanisms proposed to underlie primary mood disorder do not usually include a neuropathological component. However, a significant MRI literature attests to structural abnormalities in regions and has encouraged neuropathological investigations from which candidate histological correlates have begun to emerge. In particular, there are several reports of cytoarchitectural alterations in anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortices, characterized by a decrease in the number or density of glia. Reductions in the size and density of some neuronal populations have also been described, accompanied by alterations in indices of synaptic terminals and dendrites. This form of pathology putatively reflects aberrant neurodevelopment or impaired cellular plasticity. A separate pathological process is suggested by the excess of subcortical focal lesions seen on MRI, especially in elderly patients; these probably reflect white matter damage of vascular origin. Both types of pathology have been observed, to a greater or lesser extent, in unipolar as well as bipolar mood disorders. None of the findings appear attributable to treatment with antidepressants, mood stabilizers or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). However, all findings remain preliminary due to a lack of unequivocal replication and the failure to control fully for other potential confounders and co-morbid conditions. There are also basic questions to be answered concerning the clinical correlates, magnitude, progression and heterogeneity of the pathology. Nevertheless, it must now be considered likely that changes in brain structure, both macroscopic and microscopic, are a feature of primary mood disorder, a fact to be taken into account when interpreting functional imaging, neuropsychological and neurochemical data. The neuropathology is postulated to contribute to the pathophysiology and dysfunction of the neural circuits which regulate mood and its associated cognitions, behaviours and somatic symptoms.
Role of Superoxide Dismutase in Protecting Rabbit Spermatozoa from O2 Toxicity Due to Lipid Peroxidation (1983)

Cyanide-sensitive superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in rabbit epididymal spermatozoa decreases with time of aerobic incubation of a washed cell suspension. The inactivation of SOD activity correlates linearly with the increasing percent immotile sperm observed under these conditions. We had previously shown a linear correlation between percent immotile sperm and spontaneous lipid peroxidation in both high Na+ and high K+ media, the peroxidation rate being eightfold higher in the high K+ medium as compared to the high Na+ medium (Alvarez and Storey, 1982). These two linear correlations connect SOD inactivation and lipid peroxidation. In this study, the reaction of O2⨪ with the sperm cells was characterized by a second order rate constant kS. The value of kS for fresh cells is 1.2 × 10−8 (cells/ml)−1min−1 in high K+ medium and 12.5 × 10−8 (cells/ml)−1min−1 in high K+ medium. This difference is reflected in the lipid peroxidation rate in the two media. As SOD is inactivated during aerobic incubation in the high Na+ medium, the value of kS increases to 18.3 × 10−8 (cells/ml)−1min−1 corresponding to 100% inactivation of SOD. This value is close to that of 19.9 × 108 cells/ml)−1min−1 obtained in the high Na+ medium and 22.9 × 108 (cells/ml)−1min−1 obtained in the high K+ medium with fresh cells in the presence of CN to inactivate the SOD. We suggest that attack of O2⨪ to induce lipid peroxidation in fresh cells occurs at the plasma membrane and is sensitive to the ionic composition of the medium, but that as SOD becomes inactivated during aerobic incubation, more intracellular lipid peroxidation occurs, which is not affected by the ionic composition of the medium. These results imply that SOD activity is the primary enzymic defense against oxidative degradation available to rabbit spermatozoa.