gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic translation of FORTRAN programs to vector form (1987)

The recent success of vector computers such as the Cray-1 and array processors such as those manufactured by Floating Point Systems has increased interest in making vector operations available to the FORTRAN programmer. The FORTRAN standards committee is currently considering a successor to FORTRAN 77, usually called FORTRAN 8x, that will permit the programmer to explicitly specify vector and array operations. Although FORTRAN 8x will make it convenient to specify explicit vector operations in new programs, it does little for existing code. In order to benefit from the power of vector hardware, existing programs will need to be rewritten in some language (presumably FORTRAN 8x) that permits the explicit specification of vector operations. One way to avoid a massive manual recoding effort is to provide a translator that discovers the parallelism implicit in a FORTRAN program and automatically rewrites that program in FORTRAN 8x. Such a translation from FORTRAN to FORTRAN 8x is not straightforward because FORTRAN DO loops are not always semantically equivalent to the corresponding FORTRAN 8x parallel operation. The semantic difference between these two constructs is precisely captured by the concept of dependence . A translation from FORTRAN to FORTRAN 8x preserves the semantics of the original program if it preserves the dependences in that program. The theoretical background is developed here for employing data dependence to convert FORTRAN programs to parallel form. Dependence is defined and characterized in terms of the conditions that give rise to it; accurate tests to determine dependence are presented; and transformations that use dependence to uncover additional parallelism are discussed.
S100 Protein Subcellular Localization During Epidermal Differentiation and Psoriasis (2003)

S100 proteins are calcium-activated signaling proteins that interact with target proteins to modulate biological processes. Our present studies compare the level of expression, and cellular localization of S100A7, S100A8, S100A9, S100A10, and S100A11 in normal and psoriatic epidermis. S100A7 and S100A11 are present in the basal and spinous layers in normal epidermis. These proteins appear in the nucleus and cytoplasm in basal cells but are associated with the plasma membrane in spinous cells. S100A10 is present in basal and spinous cells, in the cytoplasm, and is associated with the plasma membrane. S100A8 and S100A9 are absent or are expressed at minimal levels in normal epidermis. In involved psoriatic tissue, S100A10 and S100A11 levels remain unchanged, whereas, S100A7, S100A8, and S100A9 are markedly overexpressed. The pattern of expression and subcellular localization of S100A7 is similar in normal and psoriatic tissue. S100A8 and S100A9 are strongly expressed in the basal and spinous layers in psoriasis-involved tissue. In addition, we demonstrate that S100A7, S100A10, and S100A11 are incorporated into detergent and reducing agent-resistant multimers, suggesting that they are in vivo transglutaminase substrates. S100A8 and S100A9 did not form these larger complexes. These results indicate that S100 proteins localize to the plasma membrane in differentiated keratinocytes, suggesting a role in regulating calcium-dependent, membrane-associated events. These studies also indicate, as reported previously, that S100A7, S100A8, and S100A9 expression is markedly altered in psoriasis, suggesting a role for these proteins in disease pathogenesis.
The delta-opioid receptor: molecular pharmacology, signal transduction, and the determination of drug efficacy. (1999)

Although it was long thought that opioid drugs act on specific receptor sites, opioid receptors themselves were not identified until about 25 years ago ([Pert and Snyder, 1973][1]; [Simon et al., 1973][2];[Terenius, 1973][3]). Chemists and pharmacologists suspected the existence of multiple opioid
Smooth muscle cell expression of extracellular matrix genes after arterial injury. (1994)

Accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) after arterial injury is an important event in the development of intimal thickening and is modulated by heparin. To investigate the regulation of matrix protein expression, we have analyzed messenger RNA levels by Northern blotting for various ECM proteins in the rat carotid artery balloon injury model. RNA was extracted from normal arteries and from intima-medial preparations at 2 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks after balloon injury of arteries in animals receiving either saline or heparin infusion. Transcripts for the heparan sulfate proteoglycans perlecan, syndecan, and ryudocan; the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan versican; the dermatan sulfate proteoglycan biglycan; type I procollagen; and tropoelastin all were increased on Northern blots beginning at 1 week after injury. By in situ hybridization, the transcripts for elastin nd biglycan were primarily localized to smooth muscle cells in the intima and were diminished by heparin in proportion to the decrease in intimal mass. Other matrix genes (perlecan, ryudocan) were expressed in the intima and media and were not affected by heparin. The results support the conclusion that ECM gene expression is a relatively late event in the response of the carotid artery, and that some of the genes are expressed only in the intima whereas others are expressed in both the intima and media.
Novel fatty acid elongases and their use for the reconstitution of docosahexaenoic acid biosynthesis (2004)

In algae, the biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6omega3; DHA) proceeds via the elongation of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5omega3; EPA) to 22:5omega3, which is required as a substrate for the final Delta4 desaturation. To isolate the elongase specific for this step, we searched expressed sequence tag and genomic databases from the algae Ostreococcus tauri and Thalassiosira pseudonana, from the fish Oncorhynchus mykiss, from the frog Xenopus laevis, and from the sea squirt Ciona intestinalis using as a query the elongase sequence PpPSE1 from the moss Physcomitrella patens. The open reading frames of the identified elongase candidates were expressed in yeast for functional characterization. By this, we identified two types of elongases from O. tauri and T. pseudonana: one specific for the elongation of (Delta6-)C18-PUFAs and one specific for (Delta5-)C20-PUFAs, showing highest activity with EPA. The clones isolated from O. mykiss, X. laevis, and C. intestinalis accepted both C18- and C20-PUFAs. By coexpression of the Delta6- and Delta5-elongases from T. pseudonana and O. tauri, respectively, with the Delta5- and Delta4-desaturases from two other algae we successfully implemented DHA synthesis in stearidonic acid-fed yeast. This may be considered an encouraging first step in future efforts to implement this biosynthetic sequence into transgenic oilseed crops.
Inactivation of Myxoviruses by Oxidized Polyamines (1971)

Summary Spermine, oxidized by partially purified serum amine oxidase, inactivated influenza, Newcastle disease and Sendai viruses. The rate of inactivation, determined by assaying the production of haemagglutinins in chick embryos, depended upon the concentration of the drug, temperature, and exposure time. Under appropriate conditions a complete inactivation of all the viruses was observed. Oxidized spermidine was also inhibitory, but at higher concentrations. Completely inactivated Newcastle disease and Sendai viruses agglutinated red blood cells in vitro and fused Ehrlich ascites cells. Electron microscopy showed that oxidized spermine had little effect on the integrity of the inactivated viruses. The virucidal activity of oxidized spermine was abolished after reduction with sodium borohydride, implying the importance of aldehyde groups in the inactivation process.
Differentiation of Insulin-Producing Cells from Human Neural Progenitor Cells (2005)

Production of IPCs solely through extracellular factor modulation in the absence of genetic manipulations may promote strategies to derive transplantable islet-replacement tissues from human neural progenitor cells and other types of multipotent human stem cells.
Absence of Na+,K(+)-ATPase regulation of endosomal acidification in K562 erythroleukemia cells. Analysis via inhibition of transferrin recycling by low temperatures (1991)

Transferrin (Tf) acidification has been shown to be limited to pH 6 in murine Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts, human A549 epidermoid carcinoma cells, and Chinese hamster ovary cells and is followed by alkalinization during recycling. In contrast, Tf acidification in the human erythroleukemic cell line K562 proceeds to below pH 5.5, and alkalinization of internal Tf during recycling is not observed. To explore the regulation of endosomal pH in K562 cells, we determined whether the existence of an early endosome of pH 6 could be demonstrated in K562 cells. The kinetics of Tf internalization, acidification, and recycling were determined at temperatures which block recycling of Tf in 3T3 cells. As in 3T3, Tf recycling in K562 was inhibited at 24 degrees C and below. At these temperatures, Tf internalization and acidification were delayed relative to 37 degrees C, yet the minimum pH achieved was below 5.5. Temperatures at or below 19 degrees C resulted in a complete block in recycling (at least over 40 min), which was rapidly reversible by incubation at 37 degrees C. Ouabain (a specific inhibitor of the Na+,K(+)-ATPase) had no effect on K562 Tf acidification, indicating that K562 endosomal pH is probably not regulated by the Na+,K(+)-ATPase. The results suggest that differentiation of the early endocytic pathway in erythroid cells involves changes such that the pH of Tf-containing compartments is not limited to 6 by the Na+,K(+)-ATPase.
Scale-Adaptive Face Detection and Tracking in Real Time with SSR Filters and Support Vector Machine (2005)

In this paper, we propose a method for detecting and tracking faces in video sequences in real time. It can be applied to a wide range of face scales. Our basic strategy for detection is fast extraction of face candidates with a Six-Segmented Rectangular (SSR) filter and face verification by a support vector machine. A motion cue is used in a simple way to avoid picking up false candidates in the background. In face tracking, the patterns of between-the-eyes are tracked while updating the matching template. To cope with various scales of faces, we use a series of approximately 1/√2 scale-down images, and an appropriate scale is selected according to the distance between the eyes. We tested our algorithm on 7146 video frames of a news broadcast featuring sign language at 320 × 240 frame size, in which one or two persons appeared. Although gesturing hands often hid faces and interrupted tracking, 89% of faces were correctly tracked. We implemented the system on a PC with a Xeon 2.2-GHz CPU, running at 15 frames/second without any special hardware.
Collaborative Augmented Reality for Outdoor Navigation and Information Browsing (2003)

Augmented reality (AR) can provide an excellent user interface for visualization in a mobile computing application. The user’s view is augmented with location based information at the correct spatial location, thus providing an intuitive way of presenting such information. In this work we demonstrate the use of AR for collaborative navigation and information browsing tasks in an urban environment. A navigation function allows one or more users to roam through a city and guides them to selected destinations. Information browsing presents users with information about objects in their surrounding. Both functions feature support for collaboration. The developed system does not only concentrate on the user interface aspects but also provides a scalable infrastructure to support mobile applications. To this end we developed a 3-tier architecture to manage a common data model for a set of applications. It is inspired by current Internet application frameworks and consists of a central storage layer using a common data model, a transformation layer responsible for filtering and adapting the data to the requirements of a particular applications on request, and finally of the applications itself.
Construction of two Escherichia coli amber suppressor genes: tRNAPheCUA and tRNACysCUA. (1986)

Amber suppressor genes corresponding to Escherichia coli tRNAPhe and tRNACys have been constructed for use in amino acid substitution studies as well as protein engineering. The genes for either tRNAPheGAA or tRNACysGCA both with the anticodon 5' CTA 3' were assembled from four to six oligonucleotides, which were annealed and ligated into a vector. The suppressor genes are expressed constitutively from a synthetic promoter, derived from the promoter sequence of the E. coli lipoprotein gene. The tRNAPhe suppressor (tRNAPheCUA) is 54-100% efficient in vivo, while the tRNACys suppressor (tRNACysCUA) is 17-50% efficient. To verify that the suppressors insert the predicted amino acids, both genes were used to suppress an amber mutation in a protein coding sequence. NH2-terminal sequence analysis of the resultant proteins revealed that tRNAPheCUA and tRNACysCUA insert phenylalanine and cysteine, respectively. To demonstrate the potential of these suppressors, tRNAPheCUA and tRNACysCUA have been used to effect amino acid substitutions at specific sites in the E. coli lac repressor.
Synthesis and Stability of Oxetane Analogs of Thalidomide and Lenalidomide (2013)

Oxetanes are used in drug discovery to enable physicochemical and metabolic property enhancement for the structures to which they are grafted. An imide C═O to oxetane swap on thalidomide and lenalidomide templates provides analogs with similar physicochemical and in vitro properties of the parent drugs, with an important exception: oxetane analog 2 displays a clear differentiation with respect to human plasma stability. The prospect of limiting in vivo stability/metabolism, blocking in vivo racemization, and potentially altering teratogenicity is appealing.
Augmented Wnt Signaling in a Mammalian Model of Accelerated Aging (2007)

The contribution of stem and progenitor cell dysfunction and depletion in normal aging remains incompletely understood. We explored this concept in the Klotho mouse model of accelerated aging. Analysis of various tissues and organs from young Klotho mice revealed a decrease in stem cell number and an increase in progenitor cell senescence. Because klotho is a secreted protein, we postulated that klotho might interact with other soluble mediators of stem cells. We found that klotho bound to various Wnt family members. In a cell culture model, the Wnt-klotho interaction resulted in the suppression of Wnt biological activity. Tissues and organs from klotho-deficient animals showed evidence of increased Wnt signaling, and ectopic expression of klotho antagonized the activity of endogenous and exogenous Wnt. Both in vitro and in vivo, continuous Wnt exposure triggered accelerated cellular senescence. Thus, klotho appears to be a secreted Wnt antagonist and Wnt proteins have an unexpected role in mammalian aging.
Design and synthesis of potent and specific renin inhibitors containing difluorostatine, difluorostatone, and related analogs (1986)

Peptides that contain difluorostatine and difluorostatone residues have been shown to be potent inhibitors of the aspartyl protease renin. The readily hydrated fluoro ketone is proposed to mimic the tetrahedral intermediate that forms during the enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of a peptidic bond. It is suggested that the sp3-hybridized ketal acts as a transition-state analogue renin inhibitor. The fluoro ketone is shown to be a much more effective inhibitor than the corresponding nonfluorinated ketone, which acts as a pseudosubstrate. More lipophilic side chains at the P1 site can enhance the inhibitory potency of the difluorostatine analogue, but this cannot be demonstrated in the difluorostatone series. Additionally, high renin specificity has been shown for a difluorostatone-containing peptide.
Bone morphogenetic proteins in human bone regeneration (2000)

Recently, the first clinical reports on bone regeneration by two recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins (rhBMPs), BMP-2 and BMP-7 (also named osteogenic protein-1, OP-1) have been published (1-4). Although both BMPs were able to support bone regeneration, a significant variation in individual response was observed with both proteins. Animal studies and laboratory experiments reveal a number of conditions that influence the osteoinductivity of BMP, such as BMP concentration, carrier properties and influence of local and systemic growth factors and hormones. In this paper, these studies and the clinical reports are reviewed, and the conditions that modulate the BMP-dependent osteoinduction are discussed. The information may provide clues as to how the performance of recombinant human BMP as bone-graft substitute in humans can be improved.
Inhibition of ribonucleic acid synthesis by myxin (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInhibition of ribonucleic acid synthesis by myxinUlrich Hollstein and Patrick L. ButlerCite this: Biochemistry 1972, 11, 8, 1345–1350Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00758a003https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00758a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O step-edge Josephson junctions (1992)

There has been considerable progress in the development of nonhysteretic Josephson junction microelectronic technologies for YBaCuO. Such a technology for Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O junctions would be interesting because of the higher operating temperatures and the very different grain boundary structures in the different cuprate superconductors. We have successfully made step-edge junctions with TlCaBaCuO grown on ion-milled LaAlO3. Nonhysteretic grain boundary-based junctions have been demonstrated with critical current-normal state resistance products exceeding 5 mV at 77 K, critical current densities ranging from 500 to 25 000 A/cm2, and critical current versus field profiles suggesting very uniform junctions. Yield has exceeded 70% on over 250 junctions tested and operation has been demonstrated to 100 K.
MUHAMMED ZÂHİD EL-KEVSERÎ’NİN HULÛD/CENNET VE CEHENNEMİN EBEDÎLÎĞİ KONUSUNA YAKLAŞIMI (2015)

İslâm düşünce tarihinde Cennet ve nimetleri ile Cehennem ve azaplarının ebedî olup olmadığı konusu tartışılmış ve ortaya farklı yorumlar çıkmıştır. Bir kısım âlimler Cennet nimetleri ile Cehennem azabı sonlu derken diğer bir kısmı Cennet nimetleri devamlı, Cehennem azabı ise sınırlı yani sonludur derler. Ehl-i Sünnet âlimlerinin çoğunluğu ise Cennet ve nimetleri ile Cehennem ve azabının ebedî olduğu görüşündedirler. Mü’minlerin Cennette, kâfirlerin ise Cehennemde ne kadar ve nasıl kalacaklarını açıklayan âyet ve hadislerde, Cennet-Cehennem anlatılırken çokça zikredilen “ebed” ve “huld” kelimeleri süreklilik, devamlılık, ebedîlik, sonsuzluk olarak yorumlanmaktadır. Kelâm’da Cennet ve Cehennemin şu anda yaratılıp yaratılmadığı hakkında tartışma ile Cennet ve Cehennemin sonlu olduğu fikri, Yüce Allah’ın İlim, Kudret, Rahim ve Rahman gibi sıfatlarını sınırlandırdığı ve Allah’a acziyet izâfe ile ebediyet kavramını da ortadan kaldırdığı problemi çerçevesinde tartışılmıştır. Hikmet açısından ebedîyet yetkinlik, fenâ da eksiklik kabul edilir. Konu hakkında Osmanlı’nın son devir âlimlerinden Muhammed Zahid el-Kevserî (1879–1952), “Meseletü’l-Hulûd” başlıklı bir yazı kaleme almıştır. Bu makalede onun Cennet ve Cehennemin ebedîliği hakkındaki görüşleri incelenip değerlendirilecektir.
Normative Data for the Maryland CNC Test (2014)

RESULTS from this study provide normative data in table and figure format to assist audiologists in interpreting patient results on the Maryland CNC test for a veteran population. These results provide a quantitative method for audiologists to use to interpret word-recognition scores based on pure-tone hearing loss.
Clinical features of Friedreich's ataxia: classical and atypical phenotypes (2013)

One hundred and fifty years since Nikolaus Friedreich's first description of the degenerative ataxic syndrome which bears his name, his description remains at the core of the classical clinical phenotype of gait and limb ataxia, poor balance and coordination, leg weakness, sensory loss, areflexia, impaired walking, dysarthria, dysphagia, eye movement abnormalities, scoliosis, foot deformities, cardiomyopathy and diabetes. Onset is typically around puberty with slow progression and shortened life-span often related to cardiac complications. Inheritance is autosomal recessive with the vast majority of cases showing an unstable intronic GAA expansion in both alleles of the frataxin gene on chromosome 9q13. A small number of cases are caused by a compound heterozygous expansion with a point mutation or deletion. Understanding of the underlying molecular biology has enabled identification of atypical phenotypes with late onset, or atypical features such as retained reflexes. Late-onset cases tend to have slower progression and are associated with smaller GAA expansions. Early-onset cases tend to have more rapid progression and a higher frequency of non-neurological features such as diabetes, cardiomyopathy, scoliosis and pes cavus. Compound heterozygotes, including those with large deletions, often have atypical features. In this paper, we review the classical and atypical clinical phenotypes of Friedreich's ataxia.