gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Natural Killer Lysis Receptor (NKLR)/NKLR-Ligand Matching as a Novel Approach for Enhancing Anti-Tumor Activity of Allogeneic NK Cells (2009)

NKLR/NKLR-ligand matching reproducibly elicits enhanced NK anti-tumor response. Common NKLR recognition patterns of tumors, as demonstrated here in melanoma, would allow implementation of this approach in solid malignancies and potentially in hematological malignancies, either independently or in adjunction to other modalities.
Dysregulated expression of the T cell cytokine Eta-1 in CD4-8- lymphocytes during the development of murine autoimmune disease. (1990)

The development of autoimmune disease in the MRL/MpJ-lpr inbred mouse strain depends upon the maturation of a subset of T lymphocytes that may cause sustained activation of immunological effector cells such as B cells and macrophages. We tested the hypothesis that abnormal effector cell activation reflects constitutive overexpression of a T cell cytokine. We found that a newly defined T cell cytokine, Eta-1, is expressed at very high levels in T cells from MRL/l mice but not normal mouse strains and in a CD4-8- 45R+ T cell clone. The Eta-1 gene encodes a secreted protein that binds specifically to macrophages, possibly via a cell adhesion receptor, resulting in alterations in the mobility and activation state of this cell type (Patarca, R., G. J. Freeman, R. P. Singh, et al. 1989. J. Exp. Med. 170:145; Singh, R. P., R. Patarca, J. Schwartz, P. Singh, and H. Cantor. 1990. J. Exp. Med. 171:1931). In addition, recent studies have indicated that Eta-1 can enhance secretion of IgM and IgG by mixtures of macrophages and B cells (Patarca, R., M. A. Lampe, M. V. Iregai, and H. Cantor, manuscript in preparation). Dysregulation of Eta-1 expression begins at the onset of autoimmune disease and continues throughout the course of this disorder. Maximal levels of Eta-1 expression and the development of severe autoimmune disease reflect the combined contribution of the lpr gene and MRL background genes.
Analysis of the 1982 ARA lupus criteria data set by recursive partitioning methodology: new insights into the relative merit of individual criteria. (1988)

The 339 cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and controls used in 1982 to develop the current ARA rules for classifying this disease were further analyzed using recursive partitioning methodology. The method identified 9 subgroups of cases and controls. It allowed correct classification of 97% of cases and 95% of controls while using only 6 criteria instead of 11. Antibodies to DNA were found to be the overall best discriminator. The largest subgroup (116 cases/4 controls) was made up of patients with both anti-DNA and fluorescent antinuclear antibody (FANA). Presence of malar rash was helpful in distinguishing SLE cases among patients who were anti-DNA negative. Low and high FANA values, in combination with other variables, helped to identify 3 SLE subgroups. Unlike the 1982 criteria, which did not include serum complement, the classification tree also identified subgroups of patients in which complement was either the best or the 2nd best discriminator. Recursive partitioning methodology thus gives important insights into how the criteria interact and the relative importance of specific variables for classification purposes.
Composition of Angelica Root Oils Obtained by Supercritical C02Extraction and Steam Distillation (1991)

ABSTRACT Supercritical CO2 extraction was used to isolate flavor compounds from angelica root (Angelica archangelica L.). The extractions were conducted at 40°C at pressures ranging from 80–400 bar. The extracts were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. For comparison, flavor compounds were also isolated from angelica root by steam distillation. A total of 76 components were identified and determined quantitatively. α-Pinene, sabinene, myrcene, α-phellandrene, δ-3-carene, p-cymene, β-phellandrene, chrysanthenyl acetate, α-copaene, 15-pentadecanolide, 7-methoxy-8-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-2H-l-benzopyran-2-one, and a furanocoumarin tentatively identified as oxypeucedanin were among the major volatile components in the supercritical extracts. The total yield of volatiles obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction at various pressures ranged from 0.13–0.55%. The highest yield was obtained at 200 bar, particularly because of the large amount of 7-methoxy-8-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-2H-l-benzopyran-2-one. For monoterpenoids, maximum yield was obtained already at 100 bar.
Growth hormone as concomitant treatment in severe fibromyalgia associated with low IGF-1 serum levels. A pilot study (2007)

NCT00497562 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
Anthropomorphism of Artificial Agents: A Comparative Survey of Expressive Design and Motion of Virtual Characters and Social Robots (2012)

Autonomous virtual characters and social robots are meant to interact with humans. They should be able to communicate, express emotions and exhibit personality. Their social skills are highly dependent on their physical design, as well as on their motion capabilities. This paper presents a comparative survey of design choices and motion generation techniques used in the computer animation community and in the robotics community when creating social agents. It addresses the central question of anthropomorphism of artificial agents and discusses the points of convergence and divergence between computer animation and robotics research.
Effects of feeding a blend of grains naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins on feed intake, metabolism, and indices of athletic performance of exercised horses1 (2005)

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of feeding blends of grains naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins to mature, exercised horses, and to test the efficacy of a polymeric glucomannan mycotoxin adsorbent (GM polymer) in preventing Fusarium mycotoxicoses. Six mature, mixed-breed mares with an average BW of 530 kg were assigned to one of three dietary treatments for 21 d in a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square design. Feed consumed each day was a combination of up to 3.5 kg of concentrates and 5.0 kg of mixed timothy/alfalfa hay (as-fed basis). The concentrates fed included 1) manage; 2) blend of contaminated grains; and 3) contaminated grains + 0.2% GM polymer (MTB-100, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY). Concentrates containing contaminated grains averaged 11.0 ppm deoxynivalenol, 0.7 ppm 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, and 0.8 ppm zearalenone (as-fed basis). Feed intake and BW were monitored over a 21-d period. Horses were maintained on a fixed exercise schedule throughout the experiment. At the end of the experiment, each horse completed a time-to-fatigue treadmill step test. Variables measured during pretest, each step of the test, and 5 and 10 min posttest were as follows: 1) time-to-fatigue, 2) heart rate, 3) hematological variables, and 4) serum lactate concentration. Each step consisted of 2 min of fast trot with a 2% increase in incline after each 2 min. Feed intake by horses fed contaminated grains was decreased compared with controls throughout the experiment (P < 0.05). Supplementation of 0.2% GM polymer to the contaminated diet did not alter feed intake by horses compared with those fed the unsupplemented contaminated diet. All hay was consumed regardless of concentrate fed. Weight loss from 0 to 21 d was observed in horses fed contaminated grains compared with controls (P < 0.05). No effect of diet was seen on variables used to measure athletic ability, although the results showed an expected response to exercise for a fit horse. We conclude that exercised horses are susceptible to Fusarium mycotoxicoses as indicated by appetite suppression and weight loss.
Isolation and Characterization of Senescence-induced cDNAs Encoding Deoxyhypusine Synthase and Eucaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 5A from Tomato (2001)

Full-length cDNA clones encoding deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) and eucaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF-5A) have been isolated from a cDNA expression library prepared from tomato leaves (Lycopersicon esculentum, cv. Match) exposed to environmental stress. DHS mediates the first of two enzymatic reactions that activate eIF-5A by converting a conserved lysine to the unusual amino acid, deoxyhypusine. Recombinant protein obtained by expressing tomato DHS cDNA in Escherichia coli proved capable of carrying out the deoxyhypusine synthase reaction in vitro in the presence of eIF-5A. Of particular interest is the finding that DHS mRNA and eIF-5A mRNA show a parallel increase in abundance in senescing tomato flowers, senescing tomato fruit, and environmentally stressed tomato leaves exhibiting programmed cell death. Western blot analyses indicated that DHS protein also increases at the onset of senescence. It is apparent from previous studies with yeast and mammalian cells that hypusine-modified eIF-5A facilitates the translation of a subset of mRNAs mediating cell division. The present study provides evidence for senescence-induced DHS and eIF-5A in tomato tissues that may facilitate the translation of mRNA species required for programmed cell death.
Service-oriented architecture for a scalable videoconferencing system (2005)

The availability of increasing network bandwidth and computing power provides new opportunities for videoconferencing systems over Internet. Multimedia capable devices with broadband Internet connections are spreading rapidly. Even cell phones will have broadband Internet access in the near future. This requires universally accessible and scalable videoconferencing systems that can deliver thousands of concurrent audio and video streams. However, developing videoconferencing systems over Internet is a challenging task, since audio and video communications require high bandwidth and low latency. In addition, the processing of audio and video streams is computing intensive. Therefore, it is particularly difficult to develop scalable systems that support high number of users with various capabilities. Current videoconferencing systems such as IP-Multicast and H.323 can not fully address the problem of scalability and universal accessibility. These systems lack flexible service oriented architecture to support increasingly diverse. We believe that with the advancements in computing power and network bandwidth, more flexible and service oriented systems should be developed. In this paper, we outline a service oriented architecture for videoconferencing, GlobalMMCS, based on a publish/subscribe event brokering network, NaradaBrokering.
Lgr6 Marks Stem Cells in the Hair Follicle That Generate All Cell Lineages of the Skin (2010)

Mammalian epidermis consists of three self-renewing compartments: the hair follicle, the sebaceous gland, and the interfollicular epidermis. We generated knock-in alleles of murine Lgr6, a close relative of the Lgr5 stem cell gene. Lgr6 was expressed in the earliest embryonic hair placodes. In adult hair follicles, Lgr6+ cells resided in a previously uncharacterized region directly above the follicle bulge. They expressed none of the known bulge stem cell markers. Prenatal Lgr6+ cells established the hair follicle, sebaceous gland, and interfollicular epidermis. Postnatally, Lgr6+ cells generated sebaceous gland and interfollicular epidermis, whereas contribution to hair lineages gradually diminished with age. Adult Lgr6+ cells executed long-term wound repair, including the formation of new hair follicles. We conclude that Lgr6 marks the most primitive epidermal stem cell.
Functional magnetic stimulation of the respiratory muscles in dogs (1998)

This study assessed the ability of functional magnetic stimulation (FMS) to activate the respiratory muscles in dogs. With the animal supine, FMS of the phrenic nerves using a high-speed magnetic stimulator was performed by placing a round magnetic coil (MC) at the carotid triangle. Following hyperventilation-induced apnea, changes in volume (deltaV) and airway pressure (deltaP) against an occluded airway were determined. FMS of the phrenic nerves produced substantial inspired function (deltaV = 373 +/- 20.5 mL and deltaP = -20 +/- 2.0 cm H2O). After bilateral phrenectomies, maximal inspired deltaV (219 +/- 12.2 mL) and deltaP (-10 +/- 1.0 cm H2O) were produced when the MC was placed near the C6-C7 spinous processes, while maximal expired deltaV (-199 +/- 22.5 mL) and deltaP (11 +/- 2.3 cm H2O) were produced following stimulation near the T9-T10 spinous processes. We conclude: (1) FMS of either the phrenic or upper intercostal nerves results in inspired volume production; (2) FMS of the lower intercostal nerves generates expired volume production; and (3) FMS of the respiratory muscles may be a useful noninvasive tool for artificial ventilation and assisted cough in patients with spinal cord injuries or other neurological disorders.
An analysis of Memnet—an experiment in high-speed shared-memory local networking (1988)

Memnet is a shared-memory local area network under development at the University of Delaware that provides close coupling to the processors of a physically distributed multiprocessor system. The Memnet local network appears as memory in the physical address space of each processor (host) on the network. This paper describes an analysis of the Memnet system performed to predict the possible performance levels attainable by a Memnet system. One objective of this analysis is to provide analytic results demonstrating the intrinsic soundness of the Memnet architecture. This is in support of the intuitive arguments of the shared-memory network model over the I/O modeled local network schemes. Another function of this analysis has been to provide design feedback for the choice of values for parameters such as page size. The analysis results indicate that the Memnet approach to networking should significantly speed communication compared to alternative networking schemes. Due to space limitations, the details of the analysis have not been included. The full text is available as TR-88-6-1 from: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark DE, 19716.
ISG15 inhibits Ebola VP40 VLP budding in an L-domain-dependent manner by blocking Nedd4 ligase activity (2008)

Ebola virus budding is mediated by the VP40 matrix protein. VP40 can bud from mammalian cells independent of other viral proteins, and efficient release of VP40 virus-like particles (VLPs) requires interactions with host proteins such as tsg101 and Nedd4, an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Ubiquitin itself is thought to be exploited by Ebola virus to facilitate efficient virus egress. Disruption of VP40 function and thus virus budding remains an attractive target for the development of novel antiviral therapies. Here, we investigate the effect of ISG15 protein on the release of Ebola VP40 VLPs. ISG15 is an IFN-inducible, ubiquitin-like protein expressed after bacterial or viral infection. Our results show that expression of free ISG15, or the ISGylation system (UbE1L and UbcH8), inhibits budding of Ebola virus VP40 VLPs. Addressing the molecular mechanism of this inhibition, we show that ISG15 interacts with Nedd4 ubiquitin ligase and inhibits ubiquitination of VP40. Furthermore, the L-domain deletion mutant of VP40 (DeltaPT/PY), which does not interact with Nedd4, was insensitive to ISG15-mediated inhibition of VLP release. These data provide evidence of antiviral activity of ISG15 against Ebola virus and suggest a mechanism of action involving disruption of Nedd4 function and subsequent ubiquitination of VP40.
Strategies for the Delivery of Leptin to the CNS (2002)

Leptin is the major regulator of body fat. It is a 16 kD protein released by fat cells into the blood and crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to interact with its receptors at the arcuate nucleus to affect feeding, thermogenesis, and other functions. Within normal and obese body weight ranges, serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of leptin directly correlate with body mass index and adiposity. In animals, leptin at high levels exerts effects on appetite and at low levels informs the brain when fat reserves are adequate to switch behavioral, endocrine, and immune functions from starvation mode. Leptin offers a unique therapeutic opportunity for conditions related to body weight control, such as reversal of obesity and anorexia, and as an indirect treatment for diseases related to being over- or under-weight, such as insulin resistant diabetes and the endocrine changes accompanying starvation. In humans and in many rodent models, obesity may be a consequence of leptin resistance. More specifically, resistance likely results from an impaired transport of leptin across the BBB. Peripheral administration of native leptin results in weight reduction in moderately obese individuals and weight loss and reversal of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in individuals with low leptin levels. The peripheral pharmacokinetic and BBB transport characteristics of native leptin suggests strategies for improving the therapeutic profile of leptin. These strategies include the development of longer lasting and more permeable analogs, development of antagonists, enhancing the activity of the leptin transporter, and delivering leptin by intrathecal administration.
Microsurgical Anatomy of the Superficial Veins of the Cerebrum (1985)

The microsurgical anatomy of the superficial cortical veins was examined in 20 cerebral hemispheres. The superficial cortical veins are divided into three groups based on whether they drain the lateral, medial, or inferior surface of the hemisphere. The veins on the three surfaces are further subdivided on the basis of the lobe and cortical area that they drain. The superficial cerebral veins collect into four groups of bridging veins: a superior sagittal group, which drains into the superior sagittal sinus; a sphenoidal group, which drains into the sphenoparietal and cavernous sinuses on the inner surface of the sphenoid bone; a tentorial group, which converges on the sinuses in the tentorium; and a falcine group, which empties into the inferior sagittal or straight sinus or their tributaries. The superior sagittal group drains the superior part of the medial and lateral surfaces of the frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes and the anterior part of the basal surface of the frontal lobe. The sphenoidal group drains the parts of the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes adjoining the sylvian fissure. The tentorial group drains the lateral surface of the temporal lobe and the basal surface of the temporal and occipital lobes. The falcine group drains an area that includes the cingulate and parahippocampal gyri and approximates the cortical parts of the limbic lobe of the brain. The relationship of these veins to the venous lacunae was also examined.
Perpetually mobile footprints of ancient infections in human genome (1998)

Up to 1% of the human genome is represented by human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) and their fragments that are likely footprints of ancient primate germ‐cell infections by retroviruses that occurred 10–60 million years ago. HERV solitary long terminal repeats (LTRs) can be often met in close vicinity to functional genes. The LTRs comprise a set of regulatory sequences like promoters, enhancers, hormone responsive elements and polyadenylation signals that might come out as new regulatory signals to resident genes and thus change their regulation in evolution. Moreover, the LTRs have a potential for chromatin remodeling that can also modulate gene expression. This review describes the integration specificity and distribution of the HERVs and LTRs in the human genome and discusses possible functional consequences of their integration in the vicinity of genes.
An anticodon change switches the identity of E.coli tRNA mMet from methionine to threonine (1990)

Recent evidence indicates that the anticodon may often play a crucial role in selection of tRNAs by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. In order to quantitate the contribution of the anticodon to discrimination between cognate and noncognate tRNAs by E. coli threonyl-tRNA synthetase, derivatives of the E. coli elongator methionine tRNA (tRNA(mMet)) containing wild type and threonine anticodons have been synthesized in vitro and assayed for threonine acceptor activity. Substitution of the threonine anticodon GGU for the methionine anticodon CAU increased the threonine acceptor activity of tRNA(mMet) by four orders of magnitude while reducing methionine acceptor activity by an even greater amount. These results indicate that the anticodon is the major element which determines the identity of both threonine and methionine tRNAs.
Drug evaluation: PSN-9301, a short-acting inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV. (2007)

(OSI) Prosidion is developing PSN-9301, a rationally designed dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor acquired from Probiodrug AG, as a potential oral treatment for type 2 diabetes. Phase II clinical trials of PSN-9301 are underway.
Airway Delivery of an Adenovirus-Based Ebola Virus Vaccine Bypasses Existing Immunity to Homologous Adenovirus in Nonhuman Primates (2013)

Anti-adenovirus serotype 5 antibodies are capable of neutralizing adenovirus serotype 5-based vaccines. In mice and guinea pigs, intranasal delivery of adenovirus serotype 5-based vaccine bypasses induced adenovirus serotype 5 preexisting immunity, resulting in protection against species-adapted Ebola virus challenge. In this study, nonhuman primates were vaccinated with adenovirus serotype 5-based vaccine either intramuscularly or via the airway route (intranasally/intratracheally) in the presence or absence of adenovirus serotype 5 preexisting immunity. Immune responses were evaluated to determine the effect of both the vaccine delivery route and preexisting immunity before and after a lethal Ebola virus (Zaïre strain Kikwit 95) challenge. Intramuscular vaccination fully protected nonhuman primates in the absence of preexisting immunity, whereas the presence of preexisting immunity abrogated vaccine efficacy and resulted in complete mortality. In contrast, the presence of preexisting immunity to adenovirus serotype 5 did not alter the survival rate of nonhuman primates receiving the adenovirus serotype 5-based Ebola virus vaccine in the airway. This study shows that airway vaccination with adenovirus serotype 5-based Ebola virus vaccine can efficiently bypass preexisting immunity to adenovirus serotype 5 and induce protective immune responses, albeit at lower efficacy than that using an intramuscular vaccine delivery route.
Crystal structure of the CD2-binding domain of CD58 (lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3) at 1.8-Å resolution (1999)

The binding of the cell surface molecule CD58 (formerly lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3) to its ligand, CD2, significantly increases the sensitivity of antigen recognition by T cells. This was the first heterophilic cell adhesion interaction to be discovered and is now an important paradigm for analyzing the structural basis of cell-cell recognition. The crystal structure of a CD2-binding chimeric form of CD58, solved to 1.8-A resolution, reveals that the ligand binding domain of CD58 has the expected Ig superfamily V-set topology and shares several of the hitherto unique structural features of CD2, consistent with previous speculation that the genes encoding these molecules arose via duplication of a common precursor. Nevertheless, evidence for considerable divergence of CD2 and CD58 is also implicit in the structures. Mutations that disrupt CD2 binding map to the highly acidic surface of the AGFCC'C" beta-sheet of CD58, which, unexpectedly, lacks marked shape complementarity to the equivalent, rather more basic CD58-binding face of human CD2. The specificity of the very weak interactions of proteins mediating cell-cell recognition may often derive largely from electrostatic complementarity, with shape matching at the protein-protein interface being less exact than for interactions that combine specificity with high affinity, such as those involving antibodies.