gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Syntheses, EIMS and 13 C NMR Study of 1,2-DI-Substituted Derivatives of 2-thio-6-aminouracil (2003)

Ten new ortho, meta, and para substituted derivatives of 2-benzylthio-1-benzyl-6-aminouracils have been prepared. Electron impact (EI) induced mass spectral fragmentation of these compounds was investigated. Fragmentation pathways are proposed on the basis of accurate mass and metastable transitions measurements. The correlation between the intensities of the M +. and the selected fragment ions of these compounds is discussed. The data obtained create the basis for distinguishing isomers. The 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra of these compounds were assigned unambiguously using a two-dimensional 13 C, 1 H-Long Range correlation (HMBC) spectra. The data derived from these spectra can be used to differentiate the isomers.
Measles Antibody: Reevaluation of Protective Titers (1990)

A school blood drive before a measles outbreak permitted correlation of preexposure measles antibody titers with clinical protection using the plaque reduction neutralization (PRN) test and an EIA. Of 9 donors with detectable preexposure PRN titer less than or equal to 120, 8 met the clinical criteria for measles (7 seroconfirmed) compared with none of 71 with preexposure PRN titers greater than 120 (P less than .0001). Seven of 11 donors with preexposure PRN titers of 216-874 had a greater than or equal to 4-fold rise in antibody titer (mean, 43-fold) compared with none of 7 with a preexposure PRN titer greater than or equal to 1052 (P less than .02). Of 37 noncases with preexposure PRN titer less than 1052, 26 (70%) reported one or more symptoms compared with 11 (31%) of 35 donors with preexposure PRN titers greater than or equal to 1052 (P less than .002). By EIA, no case had detectable preexposure antibody; the preexposure geometric mean titer of asymptomatic donors (220) was not significantly higher than that of symptomatic donors who did not meet the clinical criteria for measles (153) (P = .10). The study suggests that PRN titers less than or equal to 120 were not protective against measles disease and illness without rash due to measles may occur in persons with PRN titers above this level.
Mechanisms of Life Span Extension by Rapamycin in the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster (2010)

The target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway is a major nutrient-sensing pathway that, when genetically downregulated, increases life span in evolutionarily diverse organisms including mammals. The central component of this pathway, TOR kinase, is the target of the inhibitory drug rapamycin, a highly specific and well-described drug approved for human use. We show here that feeding rapamycin to adult Drosophila produces the life span extension seen in some TOR mutants. Increase in life span by rapamycin was associated with increased resistance to both starvation and paraquat. Analysis of the underlying mechanisms revealed that rapamycin increased longevity specifically through the TORC1 branch of the TOR pathway, through alterations to both autophagy and translation. Rapamycin could increase life span of weak insulin/Igf signaling (IIS) pathway mutants and of flies with life span maximized by dietary restriction, indicating additional mechanisms.
Rps8, A New Locus in Soybean for Resistance to Phytophthora sojae (2003)

Phytophthora root and stem rot caused by Phytophthora sojae M.J. Kaufmann &amp; J.W. Gerdemann (= Phytophthora megasperma Drechs. f. sp. glycinea T. Kuan &amp; D.C. Erwin) is the second leading cause of yield loss in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in the USA. Currently, seven loci for resistance with 13 alleles have been identified in soybean. Populations of P. sojae exist in many soybean production regions that cause disease on plants with many, if not all, of these genes. Consequently, the need for new resistance loci is great. A number of plant introductions (PIs) from South Korea were identified in an earlier study that may contain novel resistance loci. The objectives of this project were to identify the allele(s) for resistance to P. sojae present in PI399073 and to map these allele(s) to a linkage group. PI399073 was crossed with ‘Williams’ and ‘S 19‐90’ to develop populations. These populations were assayed for disease resistance, single sequence repeats (SSR), restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP), and isozyme markers. A new Phytophthora resistance locus, Rps8 , was mapped to MLG (major linkage group) A2 in two different crosses with PI399073. This is the first locus for Phytophthora resistance that has been identified on MLG A2.
Class I-restricted CTL induction by mucosal immunization with naked DNA encoding measles virus haemagglutinin. (1997)

We have investigated the class I-restricted CTL response specific for measles virus haemagglutinin (HA) in the spleens of mice immunized by various mucosal routes with a DNA plasmid carrying the HA gene (pV1j-HA). A single immunization with recombinant DNA injected in the buccal mucosa induced an HA-specific CTL response. Similarly, nasal immunization with the DNA vaccine induced primary CTLs against measles virus HA. Booster immunization did not enhance the CTL activity. Oral or intrajejunal immunization with the plasmid induced a CTL response of lower magnitude. However, this could be potentiated by co-administration of the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin or cationic lipids (DOTAP). These data show that a CTL response can be generated by mucosal vaccination using DNA vaccines.
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of novel 2-(pyridin-2-yl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4 (3H)-ones (2011)

In the present study, some new 2-(pyridin-2-yl)thieno[2,3-d] pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones derivatives (IIa-o) were synthesized. The target compounds (IIa-o) were synthesized through the acid catalyzed condensation of 2-cyano, 3-cyano, and 4-cyano-pyridines with various 2-amino-3-carbethoxythiophenes (Ia-e). All thiophene derivatives were synthesized by Gewald reaction. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by UV-Visible, FT-IR, ^1H-NMR, and mass spectral studies. All synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against various gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial and fungal strains. Amongst the synthesized compounds IIa, IIb, IId, IIe, and IIm were found to be active.
Electrocatalytic Oxidation of NADH at Glassy Carbon Electrodes Modified with Transition Metal Complexes Containing 1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-dione Ligands (1996)

The preparation and electrochemical characterization of glassy carbon electrodes modified with 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione (phen-dione) complexes of transition metals including [M(phen-dione)3]2+ (M = Fe, Ru, Co, Cr, Ni), [Re(phen-dione)(CO)3Cl], and [Ru(v-bpy)2(phen-dione)](PF6)2 (v-bpy is 4-vinyl-4‘-methyl-2,2‘-bipyridine) as well as their behavior as electrocatalysts toward the oxidation of NADH are described. The above-mentioned materials could be deposited by electrochemical deposition or electropolymerization. The resulting modified electrodes exhibited redox responses very similar to those of the complexes in solution, including the pH-dependent response ascribed to the pendant o-quinone groups. The deposited films also showed potent and persistent electrocatalytic activity toward NADH oxidation. In all cases, NADH oxidation took place at potentials around 0.0 V vs SSCE, which represents a dramatic diminution in the overpotential. In addition, interference effects due to ascorbate could be significantly decreased. Of all the materials tested, the [Fe(phen-dione)3]2+ complex was found to have the highest activity toward NADH oxidation. The kinetics of the catalytic reaction were characterized by using cyclic voltammetry and rotated disk electrode techniques, and a value of (6.2 ± 0.6) × 103 M-1 s-1 was obtained for electrodes modified with this complex. Moreover, this complex exhibited the best stability as determined from the time dependency of the decay of its redox activity. Using these observations as a point of departure, we have developed an ethanol biosensor based on the enzymatic activity of immobilized (on a nylon mesh) alcohol dehydrogenase, coupled with the electrocatalytic oxidation of NADH.
A hypomorphic mouse model of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa reveals mechanisms of disease and response to fibroblast therapy (2008)

Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is a severe skin fragility disorder associated with trauma-induced blistering, progressive soft tissue scarring, and increased risk of skin cancer. DEB is caused by mutations in type VII collagen. In this study, we describe the generation of a collagen VII hypomorphic mouse that serves as an immunocompetent animal model for DEB. These mice expressed collagen VII at about 10% of normal levels, and their phenotype closely resembled characteristics of severe human DEB, including mucocutaneous blistering, nail dystrophy, and mitten deformities of the extremities. The oral blistering experienced by these mice resulted in growth retardation, and repeated blistering led to excessive induction of tissue repair, causing TGF-beta1-mediated contractile fibrosis generated by myofibroblasts and pseudosyndactyly in the extremities. Intradermal injection of WT fibroblasts resulted in neodeposition of collagen VII and functional restoration of the dermal-epidermal junction. Treated areas were also resistant to induced frictional stress. In contrast, untreated areas of the same mouse showed dermal-epidermal separation following induced stress. These data demonstrate that fibroblast-based treatment can be used to treat DEB in a mouse model and suggest that this approach may be effective in the development of clinical therapeutic regimens for patients with DEB.
Assessing the v2-f Turbulence Models for Circulation Control Applications (2010)

In recent years, airports have experienced increasing airport congestion, partially due to the hub-and-spoke model on which airline operations are based. Current airline operations utilize large airports, focusing traffic to a small number of airports. One way to relieve such congestion is to transition to a more accessible and efficient point-to-point operation, which utilizes a large web of smaller airports. This expansion to regional airports propagates the need for next-generation low-noise aircraft with short take-off and landing capabilities. NASA has attacked this problem with a high-lift, low-noise concept dubbed the Cruise Efficient Short Take-Off and Landing (CESTOL) aircraft. The goal of the CESTOL project is to produce aircraft designs that can further expand the air travel industry to currently untapped regional airports. One method of obtaining a large lifting capability with low noise production is to utilize circulation control (CC) technology. CC is an active flow control approach that makes use of the Coanda effect. A high speed jet of air is blown over a wing flap and/or the leading edge of the wing, which entrains the freestream flow and effectively increases circulation around the wing. A promising tool for predicting CESTOL aircraft performance is computational fluid dynamics (CFD,) due to the relatively low cost and easy implementation in the design process. However, the unique flows that CC introduces are not well understood, and traditional turbulence modeling does not correctly resolve these complex flows (including high speed jet flow, complex shear flows and mixing phenomena, streamline curvature, and other challenging flow phenomena). The recent derivation of the v2-f turbulence model shows theoretical promise in increasing the accuracy of CFD predictions for CC flows, but this has not yet been assessed in great detail. This paper presents a methodical verification of several variations on the v2-f turbulence model. These models are verified using simple, well-understood flows. Results for CC flows are compared to those obtained with more traditional turbulence modeling techniques (including the Spalart-Allmaras, k-ε, and k-ω turbulence models). Wherever possible, computed results are compared to experimental data and more accurate numerical methods. Results indicate that the v2-f turbulence models predict some aspects of circulation control flow fields quite well, in particular the lift coefficient. The linear v2-f, nonlinear v2-f, and nonlinear v2-f-cc turbulence models have generated lift coefficients within 19%, 14%, and -26%, respectively of experimental values, whereas the Spalart-Allmaras, k-ε, and k-ω turbulence models produce errors as high as
van der Waals Epitaxy of MoS2 Layers Using Graphene As Growth Templates (2012)

We present a method for synthesizing MoS(2)/Graphene hybrid heterostructures with a growth template of graphene-covered Cu foil. Compared to other recent reports, (1, 2) a much lower growth temperature of 400 °C is required for this procedure. The chemical vapor deposition of MoS(2) on the graphene surface gives rise to single crystalline hexagonal flakes with a typical lateral size ranging from several hundred nanometers to several micrometers. The precursor (ammonium thiomolybdate) together with solvent was transported to graphene surface by a carrier gas at room temperature, which was then followed by post annealing. At an elevated temperature, the precursor self-assembles to form MoS(2) flakes epitaxially on the graphene surface via thermal decomposition. With higher amount of precursor delivered onto the graphene surface, a continuous MoS(2) film on graphene can be obtained. This simple chemical vapor deposition method provides a unique approach for the synthesis of graphene heterostructures and surface functionalization of graphene. The synthesized two-dimensional MoS(2)/Graphene hybrids possess great potential toward the development of new optical and electronic devices as well as a wide variety of newly synthesizable compounds for catalysts.
Management of Insomnia Disorder in Adults. (2018)

What are the effectiveness, comparative effectiveness, and adverse effects of interventions for insomnia disorder in adults?
The Arabidopsis AGL8 MADS box gene is expressed in inflorescence meristems and is negatively regulated by APETALA1. (1995)

MADS box genes encode putative transcription factors that play important roles in plant and animal development. In plants, MADS box genes are involved in the early step of specifying floral meristem identity as well as the later step of determining the fate of floral organ primordia. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of a new MADS box gene from Arabidopsis, designated AGL8. Although AGL8 RNA does not accumulate during vegetative growth, it accumulates to high levels in the inflorescence apical meristem as well as in the inflorescence stem and cauline leaves. AGL8 RNA is excluded from the young flower primordia that arise on the flanks of the inflorescence meristem but later accumulates in the walls of the developing carpels. The lack of AGL8 RNA in floral meristems is due in part to the action of another MADS box gene, APETALA1, because AGL8 RNA does accumulate in apetala1 mutant flower primordia.
The endocrinology of gonadal involution: menopause and andropause. (2003)

Most aging individuals die from atherosclerosis, cancer or dementia. In the oldest old also loss of muscle strength resulting in frailty becomes the limiting factor for an individual's chances of living an independent life until death. Two hormonal changes mark the aging process in man. In women an acute drop in estrogen production by the ovaries around the age of 50 initiates a symptom complex called menopause. In men a more subtle drop of testosterone bioactivity from 40 yrs onwards might be accompanied by more difficulty to recognize symptomatology (andropause). Hormone replacement strategies in elderly women and males with estrogens or androgens, respectively, has some clear advantages, but is currently controversial, because of the occurrence of adverse effects.
Cadmium iodide as a new catalyst for knoevenagel condensations (1993)

D. Prajapati and J. S. Sandhu, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1993, 739 DOI: 10.1039/P19930000739
Negative Regulation of Myofibroblast Differentiation by PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Deleted on Chromosome 10) (2005)

The results indicate that in IPF, myofibroblasts have diminished PTEN expression. Inhibition of PTEN in vivo promotes fibrosis, and PTEN inhibits myofibroblast differentiation in vitro.
Location-based trust for mobile user-generated content (2008)

The recent explosion in shared media content and sensed data produced by mobile end-users is challenging well-established principles and assumptions in data trust models. A fundamental issue we address in this paper is how to establish some trust level in the authenticity of content created by untrusted mobile users. We advocate a secure localization and certification service that allows content producers to tag their content with with a spatial times-tamp indicating its physical location. At the same time, however, our approach preserves the privacy of producers by not exposing their identity to the potential content consumers. We provide a list of existing and possible applications that would profit from such a secure localization service and sketch possible implementations of the service, highlighting advantages and drawbacks.
Studies of the continuing susceptibility of group A streptococcal strains to penicillin during eight decades (1998)

There has been no change in the susceptibility of group A streptococci during this time in spite of well-documented cases of penicillin resistance in other Gram-positive organisms and despite recognized resistance of group A streptococci to other antibiotics.
The chicken major histocompatibility complex and disease (1998)

The chicken major histocompatibility complex (MHC), or B complex, consists of several clusters of highly polymorphic genes, some of which are associated with disease resistance. The class I and class II antigens resemble their mammalian counterparts in the encoded protein structure. The class IV region encodes the B blood group antigens, which are readily identified by serological blood-typing. The class III region appears to be divided in chickens, with some elements that are MHC-linked and others that map elsewhere. In addition the Rfp-Y system, which bears a strong similarity to the MHC, maps to the opposite side of the nucleolar organiser region on the same microchromosome as the MHC. Each class of MHC genes is a potential candidate for a role in disease resistance. The MHC genes show associations with response to diseases as diverse as virally induced neoplasia, bacterial, parasitic and auto-immune diseases.
Nanoliter Dispensing for uHTS Using Pin Tools (2005)

Miniaturization of assays is an important objective in Ultra-HTS. One of the major obstacles has been to find fluid handling systems capable of reliably and accurately delivering between 2 and 200 nl of test compound to assay plates. New methods of forming pins, placing slots in the pins, and hydrophobic coatings bonded onto the pins solve many of the problems encountered by early pin tools. Unlike other low-volume liquid handlers, these new pin tools provide the ability to transfer approximately 2 nl-5 microl of compounds. These pin tools can also use low-volume source plates (2-10 microl) and achieve an accuracy of better than 5%. This, coupled with the ability to transfer small volumes directly from the compound library to assay plates without an intervening dilution plate, saves reagents, throughput time, and consumables and is, therefore, very cost effective. Pin tool compound transfers in the 2-100 nl range provide a simple method to dilute away from the toxic effect that dimethyl sulfoxide has on some assay target cells. The factors that affect liquid transfers by pin tools are discussed in detail as well as the advantages and limitations of pin tools.
Hypoxia promotes isocitrate dehydrogenase-dependent carboxylation of α-ketoglutarate to citrate to support cell growth and viability (2011)

Citrate is a critical metabolite required to support both mitochondrial bioenergetics and cytosolic macromolecular synthesis. When cells proliferate under normoxic conditions, glucose provides the acetyl-CoA that condenses with oxaloacetate to support citrate production. Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle anaplerosis is maintained primarily by glutamine. Here we report that some hypoxic cells are able to maintain cell proliferation despite a profound reduction in glucose-dependent citrate production. In these hypoxic cells, glutamine becomes a major source of citrate. Glutamine-derived α-ketoglutarate is reductively carboxylated by the NADPH-linked mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH2) to form isocitrate, which can then be isomerized to citrate. The increased IDH2-dependent carboxylation of glutamine-derived α-ketoglutarate in hypoxia is associated with a concomitant increased synthesis of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) in cells with wild-type IDH1 and IDH2. When either starved of glutamine or rendered IDH2-deficient by RNAi, hypoxic cells are unable to proliferate. The reductive carboxylation of glutamine is part of the metabolic reprogramming associated with hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1), as constitutive activation of HIF1 recapitulates the preferential reductive metabolism of glutamine-derived α-ketoglutarate even in normoxic conditions. These data support a role for glutamine carboxylation in maintaining citrate synthesis and cell growth under hypoxic conditions.
Video Pixel Networks (2016)

We propose a probabilistic video model, the Video Pixel Network (VPN), that estimates the discrete joint distribution of the raw pixel values in a video. The model and the neural architecture reflect the time, space and color structure of video tensors and encode it as a four-dimensional dependency chain. The VPN approaches the best possible performance on the Moving MNIST benchmark, a leap over the previous state of the art, and the generated videos show only minor deviations from the ground truth. The VPN also produces detailed samples on the action-conditional Robotic Pushing benchmark and generalizes to the motion of novel objects.
Robust B Cell Immunity but Impaired T Cell Proliferation in the Absence of CD134 (OX40) (1999)

CD134 (OX40) is a member of the TNF receptor family that is expressed on activated T lymphocytes. T cells from mice that lack expression of CD134 made strong responses to a range of challenges, but they showed impaired proliferation in response to direct stimulation through the TCR with monoclonal anti-CD3epsilon Ab. CD134-deficient mice controlled infection with Leishmania major, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, and Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus, and they made overtly normal Ab responses to a variety of antigens. Thus, CD134 is not essential for many T cell responses in vivo, nor is it required for the provision of help to B cells. Nonetheless, a subtle role in the regulation of T cell reactivity is suggested by the effect of CD134 deficiency on in vitro T cell responses.
Non-insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus - A Collision between Thrifty Genes and an Affluent Society (1997)

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is one of the most common noncommunicable diseases in the world.It has become obvious that NIDDM is the result of a collision between thrifty genes and an affluent society.Genes predisposing to NIDDM might have been survival genes for our ancestors, helping them to store energy during long periods of starvation.When these genes are exposed to a sedentary lifestyle and high caloric intake typical to the Western world, they predispose to obesity and insulin resistance.NIDDM results when p cells cannot compensate for insulin resistance by increasing insulin secretion.Therefore, at least two inherited defects can be expected in NIDDM, one causing obesity and insulin resistance and the other inability to increase insulin secretion.In reality there may be more inherited defects.It has become quite clear that diabetes cannot simply be divided into NIDDM and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).The disease is more heterogeneous; unmasking this heterogeneity and identifying new subgroups of diabetes presents a challenge to modern molecular biology.