gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Leukemogenicity of v-myb-transformed monoblasts cells can be modulated by normal bone marrow environment. (1993)

The avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) causes monoblastic leukemia in the chick. Two non-producer clones of AMV-transformed monoblasts, BM2/C3A and BM2L/A2B5, have been described (see Bottazzi et al., this issue). They differ in their growth requirements and in their ability to induce leukemia when injected into the chick embryo. We first genetically tagged these clones by retroviral infection with a vector expressing the bacterial lacZ gene. Then, we injected the lacZ-positive cells via the chorioallantoic vein into chick embryos. With BM2L/A2B5 cells, the bone marrow of the injected birds was rapidly invaded by lacZ-positive cells. In addition, these cells rapidly overgrew cultures of bone marrow cells derived from injected animals. Conversely, the growth of BM2/C3A was inhibited in the injected animals and only a few blue cells, with the morphology of macrophages, were detected in cultures of bone marrow cells. We developed an in vitro assay to mimic in vitro the differential growth of BM2/C3A and BM2L/A2B5 observed in vivo. These data strongly suggest that BM2/C3A cells retain their ability to differentiate into macrophages in the normal bone marrow environment and that BM2L/A2B5 cells differ from BMC/C3A in the loss of this capacity.
Ultra-short pulse propagation in complex optical systems (2005)

In application of ultra-short laser pulses the pulse parameters have to be controlled accurately. Hence the manipulation of the propagation behavior of ultra-short pulses requires for specially designed optics. We have developed a tool for the simulation of ultra-short laser pulse propagation through complex real optical systems based on a combination of ray-tracing and wave optical propagation methods. For the practical implementation of the approach two commercially available software packages have been linked together, which are ZEMAX and Virtual Optics Lab. The focussing properties of different lenses will be analyzed and the results are demonstrated.
Heat capacity measurements of Sn nanostructures using a thin-film differential scanning calorimeter with 0.2 nJ sensitivity (1997)

We have developed a new thin-film differential scanning calorimetry technique that has extremely high sensitivity of 0.2 nJ. By combining two calorimeters in a differential measurement configuration, we have measured the heat capacity and melting process of Sn nanostructures formed via thermal evaporation with deposition thickness down to 1 Å. The equivalent resolution of the calorimeter is 1 nanogram in mass or 0.4 Å in thickness. We have observed a decrease of up to 120°C in the melting point of Sn nanostructures.
Intranasal Treatment with Poly(I·C) Protects Aged Mice from Lethal Respiratory Virus Infections (2012)

In the 2002-2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) epidemic, no patients under 24 years of age died, while mortality was greater than 50% in those over 65 years. Greater than 90% of all deaths from influenza A virus (IAV) occur in the elderly (>65 years of age). To address this age-related susceptibility to SARS-CoV and IAV, we infected C57BL/6 (B6) mice with mouse-adapted SARS-CoV (MA15) or IAV (PR8), both of which cause severe disease in aged mice. Intranasal pretreatment of aged mice with poly(I·C) (a TLR3 agonist) and, to a lesser extent, CpG, R848, or lipopolysaccharide (TLR9, TLR7/8, or TLR4 agonists), provided a high level of protection [90% to 100% survival rate after poly(I·C) treatment] against lethal MA15 or IAV challenge and reduced pathological changes and virus loads in the lungs at early times after infection. Poly(I·C) pretreatment upregulated beta interferon (IFN-β), IFN-γ, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene expression in the lungs. Intranasal pretreatment with IFN-β or IFN-γ but not IL-1β or TNF also protected aged mice, consistent with the notion that poly(I·C) pretreatment functioned, at least in part, by inducing IFN-β and IFN-γ. We also identified a potential cellular target for poly(I·C) by showing that treatment inhibited virus replication in primary human airway epithelial cells. These results suggest that intranasal poly(I·C) should be evaluated as a prophylactic agent in aged individuals at high risk for contracting SARS-CoV or IAV infections.
High Definition NTSC Broadcast Protocol (1987)

This paper describes a new process referred to as HD-NTSC™. This signal has all the appearances of a conventional NTSC signal, and can be edited, stored, transmitted, and received by conventional NTSC equipment. A receiver constructed to interpret the HD-NTSC protocol will be able to build an ID-NTSC image having substantially improved resolution in both the vertical and horizontal axes for those parts of the imnage that are nearly stationary over time. Those parts of the image exhibiting motion will show resolution equivalent to a conventional top-quality NTSC picture. The HD-NTSC receiver will also display the image at 60 frames per second, eliminating most interlace and flicker defects. An optional technique widens the image aspect ratio and creates bandwidth within the original NTSC standard large enough to transmit a digitally-encoded stereo audio signal to match the improved visual characteristics.
The endocannabinoid system: a drug discovery perspective. (2005)

The endocannabinoids are lipid messengers that engage the same cell surface receptors targeted by delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the active component of marijuana. They are produced by cells in the brain and other tissues and combine with two subtypes of G protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2. Their ability to modulate a variety of pathophysiological processes, including appetite, pain and mood, provides unique opportunities for drug discovery. Three such opportunities are discussed here: reduction of body weight through blockade of CB1 receptors, alleviation of pain through activation of extracerebral cannabinoid receptors, and modulation of pain and anxiety through inhibition of endocannabinoid degradation.
The metabolism of N4-hydroxycytidine – a mutagen for Salmonella typhimurium (1975)

Salmonella typhimurium cells were grown in the presence of (14C)-N4-hydroxycytidine (N4OHcyd), a mutagenic nucleoside, and labelling in DNA and RNA digest was traced. The results show that this analogue is incorporated into RNA at a level of 40 mug/100 mg, and into DNA with a yield at least 100 times smaller. Some N-minus4OHcyd was rapidly metabolized and labelling was found in all ribo- and deoxyribo-nucleosides.
8 x 8 optical switch matrix using generalized Mach-Zehnder interferometers (2003)

We report an 8/spl times/8 strictly nonblocking optical cross connect (OXC) using multimode imaging (MMI)-based generalized Mach-Zehnder (MZ) interferometers realized in the silica-on-silicon planar waveguide system. Employing a router-selector architecture, this MMI-MZ OXC design results in a significantly smaller device than conventional directional-coupler based implementations. An average insertion loss of 6 dB and crosstalk of -34 dB, is demonstrated for the 8/spl times/8 OXC.
Macrophages from C3-deficient mice have impaired potency to stimulate alloreactive T cells (2005)

Impaired T-cell reactivity is a feature of C3-deficient mice in several disease models. The mechanism behind the reduced T-cell response is, however, poorly understood. We explored the hypothesis that antigen-presenting cells (APCs) from C3-/- mice have impaired potency to stimulate antigen-specific T cells, in an alloantigen-dependent model. Our results show that C3-/- macrophages have reduced ability to elicit alloreactive T-cell responses in vitro and in vivo, affecting both the primary and secondary responses. The C3 status of donor macrophages had a major impact on the CD4 T-cell response. The impaired CD4 T-cell response was associated with reduced expression of MHC class II on the surface of C3-/- macrophages, without loss of class II gene expression. Furthermore, inhibition of C3 gene expression in C3+/+ macrophages reduced their ability to stimulate alloreactive T cells, suggesting that endogenous production of C3 could in part contribute to the potency of APCs. Our data provide compelling evidence that C3 deficiency modulates the potency of APCs to stimulate the T-cell response, suggesting a critical role for complement in the maintenance of APC function. This could offer a partial explanation as to why the T-cell response is impaired in C3-/- mice.
Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) Version 4 for IPv4, IPv6 and OSI (1996)

This memorandum describes the Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) Version 4, which is an adaptation of the Network Time Protocol (NTP) used to synchronize computer clocks in the Internet.SNTP can be used when the ultimate performance of the full NTP implementation described in RFC-1305 is not needed or justified.When operating with current and previous NTP and SNTP versions, SNTP Version 4 involves no changes to the NTP specification or known implementations, but rather a clarification of certain design features of NTP which allow operation in a simple, stateless remote-procedure call (RPC) mode with accuracy and reliability expectations similar to the UDP/TIME protocol described in RFC-868.The only significant protocol change in SNTP Version 4 over previous versions of NTP and SNTP is a modified header interpretation to accommodate Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) [DEE96] and OSI [COL94] addressing.However, SNTP Version 4 includes certain optional extensions to the basic Version 3 model, including an anycast mode and an authentication scheme designed specifically for multicast and anycast modes.While the anycast mode extension is described in this document, the authentication scheme extension will be described in another document to be published later.Until such time that a definitive specification is published, these extensions should be considered provisional.
Temporally coherent conservative visibility (extended abstract) (1996)

Article Free Access Share on Temporally coherent conservative visibility (extended abstract) Authors: Satyan Coorg Synthetic Imagery Group, MIT Laboratory for Computer Science, Cambridge, MA Synthetic Imagery Group, MIT Laboratory for Computer Science, Cambridge, MAView Profile , Seth Teller Synthetic Imagery Group, MIT Laboratory for Computer Science, Cambridge, MA Synthetic Imagery Group, MIT Laboratory for Computer Science, Cambridge, MAView Profile Authors Info & Claims SCG '96: Proceedings of the twelfth annual symposium on Computational geometryMay 1996 Pages 78–87https://doi.org/10.1145/237218.237242Online:01 May 1996Publication History 40citation330DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations40Total Downloads330Last 12 Months4Last 6 weeks3 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Isolation of Chlamydia pneumoniae from the Coronary Artery of a Patient with Coronary Atherosclerosis (1996)

This study provides direct evidence of the presence of viable C. pneumoniae in atheromatous lesions. A chronic inflammatory response caused by a persistent infection of the coronary arteries may explain the link between C. pneumoniae and atherosclerosis.
The effect of L-ornithine L-aspartate and branch chain amino acids on encephalopathy and nutritional status in liver cirrhosis with malnutrition. (2011)

minimal hepatic encephalopathy with malnutrition can be given a diet of 35-40 cal/kgBW and 1.5 g protein/kgBW including BCAA substitution to improve nutritional status, and LOLA granules can be given to improve encephalopathy.
ANÁLISIS DE LA MORTALIDAD PERINATAL, HOSPITAL MIGUEL SERVET, ZARAGOZA, ESPAÑA: 2000-2009 (2011)

Objetivos: Evaluar la mortalidad perinatal (MP) del Hospital Miguel Servet (2000-2009). Valorar su evolucion, distribucion segun edad gestacional y peso de los recien nacidos (RN), y las posibles causas. Metodo: Analisis sobre un total de 44.409 RN >500 gramos y 402 nacidos muertos o fallecidos antes de los 28 dias completos de vida. Los datos se recogieron en un formulario siguiendo las recomendaciones de la FIGO y la novena Clasificacion Internacional de Enfermedades. Resultados: La MP ampliada global fue de 9,05/1000 nacidos, la mortalidad fetal de 4,91/1000 nacidos y la mortalidad neonatal 4,14/1000 nacidos vivos. La MP estandar fue de 4,73/1000 nacidos. Segun la edad gestacional, un 79,6% de la MP fueron preterminos; el 46,02% de los casos eran <1000 gramos y 59,95% <1500 gramos. Procedian de partos multiples 92 RN (90 preterminos); la MP de los embarazos gemelares fue 34,65/1000 nacidos. Las causas mas frecuentes de MP eran: inmadurez extrema, <1000 gramos (46,02%), rotura prematura de membranas (23,13%), gestaciones multiples (22,89%), complicaciones de placenta o cordon (21,64%), hipoxia intrauterina y asfixia al nacer (21,64%), y malformaciones congenitas y cromosomopatias (18,9%). Conclusion: La MP esta gravada por la prematuridad, el bajo peso extremo y los embarazos multiples, disminuyendo paulatinamente a expensas de la mortalidad neonatal.
Adaptations of the helix-grip fold for ligand binding and catalysis in the START domain superfamily (2001)

With a protein structure comparison, an iterative database search with sequence profiles, and a multiple-alignment analysis, we show that two domains with the helix-grip fold, the star-related lipid-transfer (START) domain of the MLN64 protein and the birch allergen, are homologous. They define a large, previously underappreciated superfamily that we call the START superfamily. In addition to the classical START domains that are primarily involved in eukaryotic signaling mediated by lipid binding and the birch antigen family that consists of plant proteins implicated in stress/pathogen response, the START superfamily includes bacterial polyketide cyclases/aromatases (e.g., TcmN and WhiE VI) and two families of previously uncharacterized proteins. The identification of this domain provides a structural prediction of an important class of enzymes involved in polyketide antibiotic synthesis and allows the prediction of their active site. It is predicted that all START domains contain a similar ligand-binding pocket. Modifications of this pocket determine the ligand-binding specificity and may also be the basis for at least two distinct enzymatic activities, those of a cyclase/aromatase and an RNase. Thus, the START domain superfamily is a rare case of the adaptation of a protein fold with a conserved ligand-binding mode for both a broad variety of catalytic activities and noncatalytic regulatory functions. Proteins 2001;43:134-144.
CREB: A Stimulus-Induced Transcription Factor Activated by A Diverse Array of Extracellular Signals (1999)

Extracellular stimuli elicit changes in gene expression in target cells by activating intracellular protein kinase cascades that phosphorylate transcription factors within the nucleus. One of the best characterized stimulus-induced transcription factors, cyclic AMP response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB), activates transcription of target genes in response to a diverse array of stimuli, including peptide hormones, growth factors, and neuronal activity, that activate a variety of protein kinases including protein kinase A (PKA), pp90 ribosomal S6 kinase (pp90RSK), and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs)[corrected]. These kinases all phosphorylate CREB at a particular residue, serine 133 (Ser133), and phosphorylation of Ser133 is required for CREB-mediated transcription. Despite this common feature, the mechanism by which CREB activates transcription varies depending on the stimulus. In some cases, signaling pathways target additional sites on CREB or proteins associated with CREB, permitting CREB to regulate distinct programs of gene expression under different conditions of stimulation. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms by which Ser133-phosphorylated CREB activates transcription, intracellular signaling pathways that lead to phosphorylation of CREB at Ser133, and features of each signaling pathway that impart specificity at the level of CREB activation.
Specificity of Antimicrobial Peptide LL‐37 to Neutralize Periodontopathogenic Lipopolysaccharide Activity in Human Oral Fibroblasts (2012)

The antimicrobial peptide LL-37 had an ability to suppress periodontopathogenic LPS-induced IL-8 production in both PDLF and GF. Its LPS-neutralizing activity revealed specificity to periodontopathogenic LPS and seemed to be dependent on the heterogeneity within LPS between different genera.
Gene therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: long-term remission of primary and metastatic tumors in mice by interleukin-2 gene therapy in vivo. (1996)

To explore gene therapy as a new treatment modality for hepatocellular carcinoma, a pre-clinical animal model was established by intrahepatic implantation of a mouse hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (MH134) in syngeneic recipients. The resulting hepatic tumors were treated with a recombinant adenoviral vector expressing the murine interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene, and long-term remission was achieved in 50% of the animals. The remaining animals died of malignant ascites, which also occurs in some human patients. Those animals were treated with a second dose of the recombinant adenoviral vector by direct inoculation into the peritoneal cavity, and long-term remission of the disseminated disease was achieved in 55% of the animals. Thus, a combined cure rate of greater than 75% for primary- and disseminated hepatocellular carcinoma was achieved by successive adenovirus-mediated IL-2 gene treatments. Histopathological and immunocytochemical analyses showed massive infiltration of the tumor by macrophages and T lymphocytes in IL-2 vector treated animals. The surviving animals developed systemic antitumoral cellular immunity that protected them against challenges of parental hepatoma cells implanted at distant sites. The results suggest that IL-2 gene therapy may be a strategy applicable for the treatment of both primary and metastatic hepatocellular carcinomas in man.
Intravenous Arginine-Vasopressin in Children With Vasodilatory Shock After Cardiac Surgery (1999)

Background —Recent investigations at our institution have studied a variety of vasodilatory shock states that are characterized by vasopressin deficiency and pressor hypersensitivity to the exogenous hormone. Our experience in adults prompted the use of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) in a similar group of critically ill children. Methods and Results —This report describes our early experience (from February 1997 through April 1998) in 11 profoundly ill infants and children (5 male, 6 female) ages 3 days to 15 years (median, 35 days) treated with AVP for hypotension after cardiac surgery which was refractory to standard cardiopressors. Although underlying heart disease was present (congenital heart defects in 10 and dilated cardiomyopathy in 1), only 2 patients had severely depressed cardiac function as demonstrated by 2D echocardiogram before administration of AVP. All patients were intubated and receiving multiple catecholamine pressors and inotropes, including dobutamine (n=10), epinephrine (n=8), milrinone (n=7), and dopamine (n=4) before receiving AVP. Five patients received AVP intraoperatively immediately after cardiopulmonary bypass, 5 in the intensive care unit within 12 hours of surgery, and 1 on postoperative day 2 for hypotension associated with sepsis. The dose of AVP was adjusted for patient size and ranged from 0.0003 to 0.002 U · kg −1 · min −1 . During the first hour of treatment with AVP, systolic blood pressure rose from 65±14 to 87±17 mm Hg ( P &lt;0.0001; n=11), and epinephrine administration was decreased in 5 of 8 patients and increased in 1. Plasma AVP levels before treatment were available in 3 patients and demonstrated AVP depletion (median, 4.4 pg/mL; n=3). All 9 children with vasodilatory shock survived their intensive care unit stay. The 2 patients who received AVP in the setting of poor cardiac function died, despite transient improvement in blood pressure. Conclusions —Infants and children with low blood pressure and adequate cardiac function after cardiac surgery respond to the pressor action of exogenous AVP. AVP deficiency may contribute to this hypotensive condition.
Microfluidic tectonics platform: A colorimetric, disposable botulinum toxin enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay system (2004)

A fabrication platform for realizing integrated microfluidic devices is discussed. The platform allows for creating specific microsystems for multistep assays in an ad hoc manner as the components that perform the assay steps can be created at any location inside the device via in situ fabrication. The platform was utilized to create a prototype microsystem for detecting botulinum neurotoxin directly from whole blood. Process steps such as sample preparation by filtration, mixing and incubation with reagents was carried out on the device. Various microfluidic components such as channel network, valves and porous filter were fabricated from prepolymer mixture consisting of monomer, cross-linker and a photoinitiator. For detection of the toxoid, biotinylated antibodies were immobilized on streptavidin-functionalized agarose gel beads. The gel beads were introduced into the device and were used as readouts. Enzymatic reaction between alkaline phosphatase (on secondary antibody) and substrate produced an insoluble, colored precipitate that coated the beads thus making the readout visible to the naked eye. Clinically relevant amounts of the toxin can be detected from whole blood using the portable enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system. Multiple layers can be realized for effective space utilization and creating a three-dimensional (3-D) chaotic mixer. In addition, external materials such as membranes can be incorporated into the device as components. Individual components that were necessary to perform these steps were characterized, and their mutual compatibility is also discussed.
Focal brain injury increases activin βA mRNA expression in hippocampal neurons (1997)

The role of activin in the mammalian brain is of increasing interest as evidence accumulates to suggest a number of different neural functions. Here, we report that activin betaA mRNA is transiently induced in dentate gyrus neurons after unilateral mechanical brain injury by saline injection. Expression is dependent on NMDA receptor activation since pretreatment with MK801 (5 mg/kg, i.p.) largely attenuates the signal. Induction also requires de novo protein synthesis, as cycloheximide (10 mg/kg, i.p.) pretreatment abolishes the expression of activin betaA mRNA 1 h after injury. These results show that activin betaA mRNA expression is regulated by excitatory activity induced by focal brain injury and suggests a possible neuroplastic role in the recovery from such injury.