gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THz bandwidth InP HBT technologies and heterogeneous integration with Si CMOS (2016)

Through aggressive lithographical and epitaxial scaling, the bandwidths of InP-based heterojunction bipolar transistors have been extended to THz frequencies. At 130nm emitter dimensions, transistors with maximum frequencies of oscillation (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> ) of >1THz have been demonstrated with accompanying circuit demonstrations at 670GHz. At 250nm emitter dimensions, high efficiency and high power density mm-wave power amplifiers covering E-band (71GHz) to G-band (235GHz) have been fabricated. The utility of these high performance transistors can be further enhanced through heterogeneous integration with Si CMOS. We have demonstrated wafer-scale 3D integration of InP and Si using a low temperature oxide-to-oxide bonding process with embedded Cu interconnects.
Urea as the most reactive and versatile nitrogen nucleophile for the palladium(2+)-catalyzed cyclization of unsaturated amines (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUrea as the most reactive and versatile nitrogen nucleophile for the palladium(2+)-catalyzed cyclization of unsaturated aminesYoshinao. Tamaru, Makoto. Hojo, Hideyuki. Higashimura, and Zenichi. YoshidaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 12, 3994–4002Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00220a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00220a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3639Altmetric-Citations188LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electric and Thermal Field Effects in Tissue Around Radiofrequency Electrodes (2005)

Continuous RF lesioning causes heat destruction of neurons. Pulsed RF lesioning (PRFL) produces heat bursts with temperatures in the range associated with destructive heat lesions. PRFL also produces very high electric fields that may be capable of disrupting neuronal membranes and function. Finite-element calculations agree substantially with the measured data, giving confidence to their predictions of fields around the RF electrode.
Cooperative Recovery of Distributed Storage Systems from Multiple Losses with Network Coding (2010)

This paper studies the recovery from multiple node failures in distributed storage systems. We design a mutually cooperative recovery (MCR) mechanism for multiple node failures. Via a cut-based analysis of the information flow graph, we obtain a lower bound of maintenance bandwidth based on MCR. For MCR, we also propose a transmission scheme and design a linear network coding scheme based on (η, κ) strong-MDS code, which is a generalization of (η, κ) MDS code. We prove that the maintenance bandwidth based on our transmission and coding schemes matches the lower bound, so the lower bound is tight and the transmission scheme and coding scheme for MCR are optimal. We also give numerical comparisons of MCR with other redundancy recovery mechanisms in storage cost and maintenance bandwidth to show the advantage of MCR.
Fluorocarbon Coatings Deposited on Micron‐Sized Particles by Atmospheric PECVD (2011)

Abstract Fluorocarbon coatings have been deposited on micron‐sized silica particles by means of atmospheric pressure plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The silica particles have a diameter in the range between 40 and 70 µm. They are fluidized at atmospheric pressure in a circulating fluidized bed combined with a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor. Four coatings have been produced with four different precursors, respectively, octafluorocyclobutane (C 4 F 8 ), hexafluoropropylene (C 3 F 6 ), trifluorethanol (C 2 H 3 OF 3 ) and hexafluoro‐2‐propanol (C 3 H 2 OF 6 ). The Ar filamentary discharges are sustained with a plasma power of 150 W at 25 kHz. The chemical and morphological features of the coatings are investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray microanalysis, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). All coatings have a flake‐like morphology and variable thickness. The F/C ratio, also called “Teflon” parameter, has the following values: 1.37, 1.09, 0.30 and 1.45 for each of the four precursors, respectively. The coating produced with trifluorethanol is highly cross‐linked, but has relatively poor fluorinated surface. The highest surface fluorination is achieved, when octafluorocyclobutane is used as a precursor. The presented results enable the comparison and selection of precursors, so that particle surface functionality may be developed for improved blast performance and sensitivity of advanced energetic materials. magnified image
Morning cortisol as a risk factor for subsequent major depressive disorder in adult women (2000)

Individual differences in morning salivary cortisol levels may represent an independent risk factor for subsequent MDD. The origin of these differences in cortisol is not yet understood.
TACI attenuates antibody production costimulated by BAFF‐R and CD40 (2006)

B cell activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF), plays critical roles in B cell survival, activation, differentiation, and antibody (Ab) production. BAFF binds to three receptors: BAFF-R, transmembrane activator and calcium-modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI) and B cell maturation antigen. While BAFF-R is the primary receptor for B cell costimulation by BAFF, TACI is reported to serve as a positive or negative regulator for B cell responses depending on conditions. To determine the real role of TACI in B cell responses, we examined the functional relationship between TACI and BAFF-R in Ab production from human peripheral blood B cells using agonistic mAb. BAFF-R and CD40 enhanced IgG secretion and B cell proliferation, which were inhibited by TACI. Although TACI induced mild B cell apoptosis, its extent did not correlate with that of TACI-mediated inhibition of IgG secretion. In addition, TACI inhibited B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 expression, IgG secretion from previously IgG-negative selected B cells, and activation-induced cytidine deaminase expression enhanced by BAFF-R and CD40. Importantly, BAFF-R and CD40 enhanced B cell responsiveness to TACI-mediated suppression. Thus, BAFF may attenuate T cell-independent and -dependent B cell responses by TACI.
Motivation and personality: Handbook of thematic content analysis. (1992)

Motivation and Personality is the first book to be devoted to content analysis systems for assessment of characteristics of the individuals, groups, or historical periods which create verbal materials. Manuals for using the various systems, research regarding the background of the systems and practice materials are included to create a book which is both a work of reference and a handbook
Sparsity-Cognizant Total Least-Squares for Perturbed Compressive Sampling (2011)

Solving linear regression problems based on the total least-squares (TLS) criterion has well-documented merits in various applications, where perturbations appear both in the data vector as well as in the regression matrix. However, existing TLS approaches do not account for sparsity possibly present in the unknown vector of regression coefficients. On the other hand, sparsity is the key attribute exploited by modern compressive sampling and variable selection approaches to linear regression, which include noise in the data, but do not account for perturbations in the regression matrix. The present paper fills this gap by formulating and solving (regularized) TLS optimization problems under sparsity constraints. Near-optimum and reduced-complexity suboptimum sparse (S-) TLS algorithms are developed to address the perturbed compressive sampling (and the related dictionary learning) challenge, when there is a mismatch between the true and adopted bases over which the unknown vector is sparse. The novel S-TLS schemes also allow for perturbations in the regression matrix of the least-absolute selection and shrinkage selection operator (Lasso), and endow TLS approaches with ability to cope with sparse, under-determined “errors-in-variables” models. Interesting generalizations can further exploit prior knowledge on the perturbations to obtain novel weighted and structured S-TLS solvers. Analysis and simulations demonstrate the practical impact of S-TLS in calibrating the mismatch effects of contemporary grid-based approaches to cognitive radio sensing, and robust direction-of-arrival estimation using antenna arrays.
The Mosaic Handbook for the X Window System (1994)

Mosiac is an important application that is becoming instrumental in the growth of the Internet. These books, one for Microsoft Windows, one for the X Windows System, and one for the Macintosh, introduce you to Mosaic and its use in navigating and finding information on the World Wide Web(WWW). They show you how to use Mosaic to replace some of the traditional Internet functions like FTP, Gopher, Archie, and Veronica. For more advanced users, the books describe how to add external viewers to Mosaic (allowing it to display many additional file types) and how to customise the Mosaic interface, such as screen elements, colours, and fonts. The Microsoft and Macintosh versions come with a floppy disk: The X Window version comes with a CD-ROM. All three books come with a subscription to the Global Network Navigator (GNN), the leading WWW based information service on the Internet.
The relation between inhibitory substances and variability in time to germination of sugar beet clusters (1969)

Summary Evidence was obtained for the presence of germination inhibitors in the aqueous extract from sugar-beet clusters. A positive correlation was shown between the germination of cress seeds moistened with aqueous extracts from clusters of twenty sugarbeet plants and the germination characteristics of other clusters from the same plants. Inhibition was thus greater in extracts from clusters with poor rather than good germination, and also in extracts from immature clusters or those which had received overhead irrigation. The inhibitory effect was found to be located in the perianth and pericarp tissue rather than in the true seed.
Optimal ancilla-free Clifford+T approximation of z-rotations (2016)

We consider the problem of approximating arbitrary single-qubit z-rotations by ancillafree Clifford+T circuits, up to given epsilon. We present a fast new probabilistic algorithm for solving this problem optimally, i.e., for finding the shortest possible circuit whatsoever for the given problem instance. The algorithm requires a factoring oracle (such as a quantum computer). Even in the absence of a factoring oracle, the algorithm is still near-optimal under a mild number-theoretic hypothesis. In this case, the algorithm finds a solution of T-count m + O(log(log(1/ε))), where m is the T-count of the second-to-optimal solution. In the typical case, this yields circuit approximations of Tcount 3 log2 (1/ε) + O(log(log(1/ε))). Our algorithm is efficient in practice, and provably efficient under the above-mentioned number-theoretic hypothesis, in the sense that its expected runtime is O(polylog(1/ε)).
A national survey amongst UK otolaryngologists regarding the treatment of Ménière’s disease (2005)

Since Dr Prosper Ménière described the vertiginous syndrome that now bears his name, a large variety of medical and surgical treatments have been introduced. To determine the way in which this condition is currently managed in the United Kingdom, a postal survey amongst consultant otolaryngologists was carried out. It revealed that 52 per cent were actively involved in the treatment of patients with Ménières disease using a wide range of medical and surgical therapies that have little or no evidence base. The survey found that 94 per cent of surgeons prescribe betahistine, 63 per cent diuretics and 71 per cent advise salt restriction to their patients, while 52 per cent of surgeons continue to recommend saccus decompression and 50 per cent are still inserting a grommet. However, two thirds of respondents now advocate the use of gentamicin therapy despite it only being introduced to this country just over 10 years ago. The results of this study and their relevance to the recommended present day management of Meniere's disease are discussed.
CD26 Mediates Dissociation of Tollip and IRAK-1 from Caveolin-1 and Induces Upregulation of CD86 on Antigen-Presenting Cells (2005)

CD26 is a T-cell costimulatory molecule with dipeptidyl peptidase IV enzyme activity in its extracellular region. We have previously reported that the addition of recombinant soluble CD26 resulted in enhanced proliferation of human T lymphocytes induced by the recall antigen tetanus toxoid (TT) via upregulation of CD86 on monocytes and that caveolin-1 was a binding protein of CD26, and the CD26-caveolin-1 interaction resulted in caveolin-1 phosphorylation (p-cav-1) as well as TT-mediated T-cell proliferation. However, the mechanism involved in this immune enhancement has not yet been elucidated. In the present work, we perform experiments to identify the molecular mechanisms by which p-cav-1 leads directly to the upregulation of CD86. Through proteomic analysis, we identify Tollip (Toll-interacting protein) and IRAK-1 (interleukin-1 receptor-associated serine/threonine kinase 1) as caveolin-1-interacting proteins in monocytes. We also demonstrate that following stimulation by exogenous CD26, Tollip and IRAK-1 dissociate from caveolin-1, and IRAK-1 is then phosphorylated in the cytosol, leading to the upregulation of CD86 via activation of NF-kappaB. Binding of CD26 to caveolin-1 therefore regulates signaling pathways in antigen-presenting cells to induce antigen-specific T-cell proliferation.
A tactile sensor for localizing transient events in manipulation (2002)

This paper presents a tactile sensor that provides transient event information at the finger-object interface. The multi-element stress rate sensor consists of piezoelectric polymer strips moulded into the surface of the rubber "skin" covering the robot finger tip. These piezoelectric elements provide localized information important to manipulation control. We provide experimental results confirming the sensor's ability to detect three parameters. Contact events have been detected for signaling transitions between position and force control. Detecting local skin curvature provided information regarding contact shape and area. Finally, incipient slip, which is generated by small micro slips prior to gross slip, has been detected. By sensing all of these parameters, the utility of the multi-element stress rate sensor seems promising.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Appeasing the Gods: Shinto, sumo and ‘true’ Japanese spirit (2005)

On the penultimate day of the 2001 spring bashyo (tournament) yokozuna
Takanohana steps up onto the dohyou (the raised clay area in which bouts are
contested), performs a perfunctory bow and moves to his corner with his
back to his opponent to perform shiko. From a wide deep stance the rikishi
raises his extended leg up to meet his outstretched hand, then thumps his
foot down on the dohyou. With hands placed on his knees he sinks his hips
below knee level before repeating the leg raising on the other side. He then
moves closer to his corner where he squats down to take a mouthful of water
and spits it out whilst holding a sheet of paper above his mouth. After
wiping his mouth, he crumples the paper, discards it and grabs a handful of
salt as the referee introduces the two rikishi. They rise and turn toward each
other, toss the salt in the ring and move forward to the centre of the dohyou.
There they repeat shiko before, again, returning to their corners as attendants
carrying the banners of the bout’s sponsors circle inside the dohyou. Both
rikishi return to the centre to squat on their heels and make eye contact with
each other. Following a brief pause and maintaining eye contact, they bend
forward, fists loosely clenched and lightly touching the ground, in preparation for engagement (tachiai). At the last moment Takanohana withdraws,
sits back on his heels with hands on his hips to fix his opponent, Musoyama,
with a disdainful look. Musoyama then does the same. The crowd responds
as both rikishi stand and exchange a further, momentary glare before
returning to their respective corners. They take another handful of salt,
throw it in the ring, slap their mawashi (belt) heavily and return to the
centre of the dohyou. This procedure is repeated four times and each time the
crowd responds with growing enthusiasm as tension and anticipation
mount. Finally the two huge men clash violently at the tachiai and struggle
to gain an advantageous grip on the opponent’s mawashi. Takanohana seems
to establish a better grip on his opponent’s mawashi but Musoyama drives
him backwards and quickly tosses him to the floor with the technique
known as yorikiri. The huge crowd erupts in wild applause and showers the
dohyou with the cushions they have been sitting on as a sign of appreciation.
Cellular Immune Responses to Human Papillomavirus (HPV)–16 L1 in Healthy Volunteers Immunized with Recombinant HPV‐16 L1 Virus‐Like Particles (2003)

The causal association between papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer has been demonstrated; the development of a prophylactic vaccine to protect against HPV infection may therefore reduce the incidence of this cancer worldwide. Noninfectious HPV-like particles (VLPs), composed of the L1 major capsid protein, are current candidate vaccines for prevention of HPV infection and cervical neoplasia. Although neutralizing antibodies have a pivotal role in the prevention of initial infection, cellular immune responses to HPV antigens may have an important role in viral clearance. A phase II trial was conducted to further evaluate the immunogenicity of a recombinant HPV-16 L1 VLP vaccine administered intramuscularly, without adjuvant, at 0, 1, and 6 months. Cell-mediated immune responses (lymphoproliferation and cytokine production) to HPV-16 L1 VLPs were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 43 individuals receiving the L1 VLP vaccine and from 10 individuals receiving placebo. Vaccination resulted, at months 2 and 7 (i.e., 1 month after the second immunization and 1 month after third immunization, respectively), in increases in T cell-proliferative response to HPV-16 L1 VLPs (P<.001). In addition, significant increases in cytokine (interferon-gamma, interleukin [IL]-5 and IL-10) responses to L1 VLPs were observed after vaccination (P<.001). The strongest cytokine responses at month 7 were observed in individuals with high antibody titers at month 2, suggesting that neutralizing antibodies generated by initial vaccination may augment T cell responses to subsequent booster vaccinations. No significant increases in lymphoproliferative or cytokine responses to L1 VLPs were observed in individuals receiving placebo. In summary, the HPV-16 L1 vaccine induces not only robust B cell responses but also L1-specific T cell responses detectable by proliferation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and in vitro production of both Th1- and Th2-type cytokines. Future efficacy studies are needed to evaluate whether and/or how VLP vaccines confer protection against genital HPV infection and associated disease.
Rolling-Circle RNA Synthesis: Circular Oligonucleotides as Efficient Substrates for T7 RNA Polymerase (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRolling-Circle RNA Synthesis: Circular Oligonucleotides as Efficient Substrates for T7 RNA PolymeraseSarah L. Daubendiek, Kevin Ryan, and Eric T. KoolCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 29, 7818–7819Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00134a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00134a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1458Altmetric-Citations129LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Crystal Structure of Recombinant Human Platelet Factor 4 (1994)

The crystal structure of human platelet factor 4 (PF4) has been solved to a resolution of 2.4 A by molecular replacement and refined to an R-factor of 24.1%. The structure consists of four polypeptide chains which form a tetrameric unit. N-terminal residues, previously defined as a random coil or extended loop region, form antiparallel beta-sheet-like structures that form noncovalent associations between dimers. These antiparallel beta-sheet-like structures are positioned lateral to the beta-bilayer motif and stabilize the tetrameric unit. A positively charged ring of lysine and arginine side chains encircles the PF4 tetramer sphere, presenting multiple potential sites and orientations for heparin binding. The electrostatic interactions of multiply charged amino acid side chains and hydrogen bonding interactions at the AB/CD dimer interface serve to stabilize the tetrameric structure further.