gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors as cancer therapeutics (2013)

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are lipid kinases that regulate diverse cellular processes including proliferation, adhesion, survival, and motility. Dysregulated PI3K pathway signaling occurs in one-third of human tumors. Aberrantly activated PI3K signaling also confers sensitivity and resistance to conventional therapies. PI3K has been recognized as an attractive molecular target for novel anti-cancer molecules. In the last few years, several classes of potent and selective small molecule PI3K inhibitors have been developed, and at least fifteen compounds have progressed into clinical trials as new anticancer drugs. Among these, idelalisib has advanced to phase III trials in patients with advanced indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma. In this review, we summarized the major molecules of PI3K signaling pathway, and discussed the preclinical models and clinical trials of potent small-molecule PI3K inhibitors.
Blood glucose determination with an acetyl resorufin-glucose oxidase system as a fluorometric indicator reaction. (2001)

過酸化水素によるアセチルレゾルフィン (ACR) の蛍光性化合物レゾルフィンへの変換反応 (ペルヒドロリシス) を指示反応として用いることにより, グルコースオキシダーゼ (GOD) のみを用いてグルコース分析ができることを最近著者らは見いだした. 本研究ではこの蛍光指示反応系の血糖値測定における有効性を評価した. 本手法の血しょう試料への適用は, 硫酸亜鉛/水酸化バリウムを用いる除タンパク操作並びに低濃度つまり10mMのリン酸緩衝液で調製したGOD溶液を用いることにより可能であった. そのGOD溶液の使用により, ACR共存下での除タンパク処理した試料の酵素反応中における析出物の生成が抑制されただけでなく, ACRのペルヒドロリシスを蛍光指示反応として用いる過酸化水素分析の感度が向上した. 本法はグルコース濃度0～250mg/100mlの範囲で良好な検量線 (相関係数, 1.000) を与えた. 血漿試料のグルコース分析は相対標準偏差2%以下で行うことができ, 本法が優れた同時再現性を有することが示された. 本法で得た血糖値は, トリンダー法により決定した値に比べて多少大きい値であった. アスコルビン酸の添加効果の評価及び回収試験を行った結果から, 両法で得た血糖値間の差はトリンダー法の確度の低さに由来することが示唆された. これらの結果並びにアセトニトリル中におけるACRの優れた液状安定性を考慮すると, GOD/ACR法が妨害物質の影響を受けにくい確度の高い血糖値測定法としての実用性を有していると考えられる.
Diabetes medications and body weight (2009)

Tight diabetes control sometimes comes with a price: weight gain and hypoglycemia. Two of the three major recent trials that looked at the relationship between intensive diabetes control and cardiovascular events reported significant weight gain among the intensively treated groups. There is a growing concern that the weight gain induced by most diabetes medications diminishes their clinical benefits. On the other hand, there is a claim that treating diabetes with medications that are weight neutral or induces weight loss or less weight gain while minimizing those that increase body weight may emerge as the future direction for treating overweight and obese patients with diabetes. This review clarifies the weight effect of each of the currently available diabetes medications, and explains the mechanism of action behind this effect. Despite the great variability among reviewed clinical trials, the currently available evidence is quite sufficient to demonstrate the change in body weight in association with most of the currently available medications. This review also provides some guidelines on using diabetes medications during weight management programs.
Translucent acrylic nanocomposites containing anisotropic laminated nanoparticles derived from intercalated layered silicates (2000)

New acrylic nanocomposites consisting of methyl methacrylate (MMA)/n-dodecylmethacrylate (LMA) copolymers and intercalated layered silicates were prepared. The silicates were based upon bentonite which was rendered organophilic by ion exchange with N,N,N,N,-dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium ions. Morphological, thermal, mechanical, and optical properties were examined as a function of both organophilic bentonite and LMA content. Addition of LMA improved the compatibility between the layered silicate and the acrylic matrix, thus promoting bentonite intercalation and formation of anisotropic laminated silicate nanoparticles of an average diameter of 18 nm, average length of 450 nm, and interlayer distance of 4.8 nm, as determined by WAXS, TEM, and AFM. Addition of 2–10 wt % of intercalated layered silicate accounted for improved stiffness/toughness balance, higher glass temperature, and enhanced thermal stability, with respect to the properties of the corresponding MMA/LMA copolymer. As a result of the addition of LMA, translucent acrylic nanocomposites were obtained. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 75: 396–405, 2000
Recombinant vaccine against hepatitis E: dose response and protection against heterologous challenge (1997)

Thirty-two rhesus monkeys were used to evaluate the dose response of a recombinant HEV vaccine, and the efficacy of the vaccine based on the ORF2 protein of the Pakistani strain for pre- and post-exposure vaccination against intravenous challenge with homologous or heterologous virus was examined. Post-exposure vaccination did not protect animals against hepatitis. Although primates vaccinated twice with 50-microgram, 10-microgram, 2-microgram, or 0.4-microgram doses of the recombinant 55 kDa ORF-2 protein were infected, they were protected from hepatitis when they were challenged with very high doses of the homologous strain of HEV. Primates vaccinated twice with a 50 micrograms dose of the recombinant protein were protected from hepatitis after heterologous challenge with the Mexican strain, the strain of HEV most genetically distant from the Pakistani strain.
Isolation of biologically active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonuclease (1979)

Intact ribonucleic acid (RNA) has been prepared from tissues rich in ribonuclease such as the rat pancreas by efficient homogenization in a 4 M solution of the potent protein denaturant guanidinium thiocyanate plus 0.1 M 2-mercaptoethanol to break protein disulfide bonds. The RNA was isolated free of protein by ethanol precipitation or by sedimentation through cesium chloride. Rat pancreas RNA obtained by these means has been used as a source for the purification of alpha-amylase messenger ribonucleic acid.
Direct Detection of Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Parainfluenza Virus, and Adenovirus in Clinical Respiratory Specimens by a Multiplex Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay (1998)

Diagnosis of respiratory virus infections currently involves detection by isolation or antigen detection, which usually identifies only a single suspected agent. To permit identification of more than one respiratory virus in clinical specimens, a rapid detection method involving a single-step, multiplex reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assay was developed. The assay included five primer sets that amplified the RNA of respiratory syncytial virus subtypes A and B, parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3, and adenovirus types 1 to 7. Initially the assay was tested on tissue culture-grown virus and was found to be specific for all 12 prototype viruses tested, with no interassay cross amplification or amplification of other respiratory viruses. Assay sensitivity allowed a detection range of 0.2 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) for adenovirus to 250 TCID50 for parainfluenza virus type 1. The multiplex RT-PCR assay was also able to directly detect viruses in respiratory specimens, with virus being detected in 41 of 112 samples as compared to 34 of 112 samples detected by direct immunofluorescence or antigen detection following specimen culture. This suggests that the multiplex RT-PCR assay can be used as a rapid and sensitive diagnostic method for major respiratory viruses.
Synergistic Effects of Crizotinib and Temozolomide in Experimental FIG-ROS1 Fusion-Positive Glioblastoma (2015)

Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common malignant brain tumor. Drug resistance frequently develops in these tumors during chemotherapy. Therefore, predicting drug response in these patients remains a major challenge in the clinic. Thus, to improve the clinical outcome, more effective and tolerable combination treatment strategies are needed. Robust experimental evidence has shown that the main reason for failure of treatments is signal redundancy due to coactivation of several functionally linked receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), including anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), c-Met (hepatocyte growth factor receptor), and oncogenic c-ros oncogene1 (ROS1: RTK class orphan) fusion kinase FIG (fused in GB)-ROS1. As such, these could be attractive targets for GB therapy. The study subjects consisted of 19 patients who underwent neurosurgical resection of GB tissues. Our in vitro and ex vivo models promisingly demonstrated that treatments with crizotinib (PF-02341066: dual ALK/c-Met inhibitor) and temozolomide in combination induced synergistic antitumor activity on FIG-ROS1-positive GB cells. Our results also showed that ex vivo FIG-ROS1+ slices (obtained from GB patients) when cultured were able to preserve tissue architecture, cell viability, and global gene-expression profiles for up to 14 days. Both in vitro and ex vivo studies indicated that combination blockade of FIG, p-ROS1, p-ALK, and p-Met augmented apoptosis, which mechanistically involves activation of Bim and inhibition of survivin, p-Akt, and Mcl-1 expression. However, it is important to note that we did not see any significant synergistic effect of crizotinib and temozolomide on FIG-ROS1-negative GB cells. Thus, these ex vivo culture results will have a significant impact on patient selection for clinical trials and in predicting response to crizotinib and temozolomide therapy. Further studies in different animal models of FIG-ROS1-positive GB cells are warranted to determine useful therapies for the management of human GBs.
Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging: Technical Aspects and Clinical Applications, Part 1 (2008)

Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is a new neuroimaging technique, which uses tissue magnetic susceptibility differences to generate a unique contrast, different from that of spin density, T1, T2, and T2*. In this review (the first of 2 parts), we present the technical background for SWI. We discuss the concept of gradient-echo images and how we can measure local changes in susceptibility. Armed with this material, we introduce the steps required to transform the original magnitude and phase images into SWI data. The use of SWI filtered phase as a means to visualize and potentially quantify iron in the brain is presented. Advice for the correct interpretation of SWI data is discussed, and a set of recommended sequence parameters for different field strengths is given.
A New Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) Paradigm: Polarization into a Pro-Inflammatory MSC1 or an Immunosuppressive MSC2 Phenotype (2010)

Background: Our laboratory and others reported that the stimulation of specific Toll-like receptors (TLRs) affects the immune modulating responses of human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). Toll-like receptors recognize ''danger'' signals, and their activation leads to profound cellular and systemic responses that mobilize innate and adaptive host immune cells. The danger signals that trigger TLRs are released following most tissue pathologies. Since danger signals recruit immune cells to sites of injury, we reasoned that hMSCs might be recruited in a similar way. Indeed, we found that hMSCs express several TLRs (e.g., TLR3 and TLR4), and that their migration, invasion, and secretion of immune modulating factors is drastically affected by specific TLR-agonist engagement. In particular, we noted diverse consequences on the hMSCs following stimulation of TLR3 when compared to TLR4 by our low-level, short-term TLR-priming protocol.
T Cell Proliferative Responses Against Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E7 Oncoprotein are Most Prominent in Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Patients with a Persistent Viral Infection (1996)

T cell proliferative responses against human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) E7 protein were studied in relation to HPV status over time in 51 women originally diagnosed with abnormal cervical cytology and participating in a follow-up study. HPV-16-positive patients were grouped as having either a persistent, a cleared or a fluctuating HPV-16 infection as determined by PCR in consecutive cervical smears up until the moment of testing. Positive proliferative responses against HPV-16 E7 were found in 15/26 patients with a persistent, cleared or fluctuating HPV-16 infection (57.7%). In contrast, 0/15 patients who had been typed HPV-negative during follow-up showed positive responses (P = 0.0005). Further analysis showed positive responses to be more frequent in patients with persistent HPV-16 infections and stable or progressing cervical lesions (8/9 patients reactive, 88.9%) as compared to patients with cleared or fluctuating HPV-16 infections and stable or regressing cervical lesions (7/17, 41.1%, P = 0.04). The relatively strong T cell proliferative responses against HPV-16 E7 observed in patients with a persistent HPV-16 infection and progressive cervical lesions indicate that the effectivity of such responses cannot be predicted and apparently depends on additional factors.
Efficacy in Chickens of a Herpesvirus of Turkeys Recombinant Vaccine Containing the Fusion Gene of Newcastle Disease Virus: Onset of Protection and Effect of Maternal Antibodies (1993)

The onset of protection against Newcastle disease and the effect of maternal antibodies to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and Marek's disease virus (MDV) on vaccine efficacy were determined following vaccination of chickens with a recombinant herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) vaccine expressing the fusion (F) glycoprotein gene of NDV. Onset of protection following intra-abdominal administration of the recombinant HVT/F vaccine at 1 day of age and subsequent ocular challenge with the neurotropic velogenic Texas GB strain of NDV was determined to occur between days 14 and 21 post-vaccination (PV). Vaccination with the Hitchner B1 strain of NDV resulted in protection by day 6 PV, and vaccination with an inactivated NDV oil-emulsion vaccine induced protection by day 14 PV. One-day-old broiler-type chickens with maternal antibodies to both NDV and MDV and 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) white leghorn chickens lacking maternal antibodies were vaccinated with the recombinant HVT/F vaccine or with control vaccines, challenged intra-abdominally with the very virulent RB1B strain of MDV on day 8 PV, and challenged with the Texas GB strain of NDV on day 29 PV. The HVT/F and NDV strain Hitchner B1 vaccines provided 73% and 80% protection, respectively, against NDV in broilers, whereas both vaccines resulted in 100% protection in SPF leghorns.
Molten Salts Data: Diffusion Coefficients in Single and Multi-Component Salt Systems (1982)

The property of diffusion is one of the basic properties of fluid systems. In molten salts, more than 700 studies have been reported to August, 1980, with more than 15 diffusion measurement techniques. A critical examination of these studies with a review of the techniques is presented. The results for more than 140 salt systems are reported in this communication as a series of data tables, with numerical values, value judgements, and literature citations. Silicates, slags, and oxide melts are excluded.
Mesophase formation and chain rigidity in cellulose and derivatives. 3. Aggregation of cellulose in N,N-dimethylacetamide-lithium chloride (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMesophase formation and chain rigidity in cellulose and derivatives. 3. Aggregation of cellulose in N,N-dimethylacetamide-lithium chlorideM. Terbojevich, Alessandro Cosani, G. Conio, Alberto Ciferri, and E. BianchiCite this: Macromolecules 1985, 18, 4, 640–646Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00146a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00146a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views606Altmetric-Citations106LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Organization of Carotenoid‐Phospholipid Bilayer Systems. Incorporation of Zeaxanthin, Astaxanthin, and their C50 Homologues into Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine Vesicles (1986)

Abstract Four carotenoids (zeaxanthin 1 , astaxanthin 2 , and their C 50 synthetic isoprene‐homologues 3 und 4 ) have been incorporated into bilayer unilamellar vescles of dimyristoylphospatidylcholine as proved by coelution on a Sepharose column. The incorporation into the bilayer proper has been proved by the sensitivity to phase transition of UV/VIS spectra and circular dichroism. The UV/VIS absorptions of the carotenoids are typical of a lipidic environment. At the temperature of phase transition occur both intermolecular phenomena (aggregation of carotenoid molecules) and intramolecular changes (conformational change). The relative solubilities of the various carotenoids in this phospholipid membrane can be fitted with molecular parameters (length of the lipophilic carotenoid segment vs. lipid bilayer thickness).
The Membrane-Anchored BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE1 Plays Distinct Roles in Arabidopsis Resistance to Necrotrophic and Biotrophic Pathogens (2005)

Plant resistance to disease is controlled by the combination of defense response pathways that are activated depending on the nature of the pathogen. We identified the Arabidopsis thaliana BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE1 (BIK1) gene that is transcriptionally regulated by Botrytis cinerea infection. Inactivation of BIK1 causes severe susceptibility to necrotrophic fungal pathogens but enhances resistance to a virulent strain of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato. The response to an avirulent bacterial strain is unchanged, limiting the role of BIK1 to basal defense rather than race-specific resistance. The jasmonate- and ethylene-regulated defense response, generally associated with resistance to necrotrophic fungi, is attenuated in the bik1 mutant based on the expression of the plant defensin PDF1.2 gene. bik1 mutants show altered root growth, producing more and longer root hairs, demonstrating that BIK1 is also required for normal plant growth and development. Whereas the pathogen responses of bik1 are mostly dependent on salicylic acid (SA) levels, the nondefense responses are independent of SA. BIK1 is membrane-localized, suggesting possible involvement in early stages of the recognition or transduction of pathogen response. Our data suggest that BIK1 modulates the signaling of cellular factors required for defense responses to pathogen infection and normal root hair growth, linking defense response regulation with that of growth and development.
Digital Filters: Analysis, Design and Applications (1979)

This text deals with the construction of algorithms that filter data into useful information. It starts with the basics and goes on to cover advanced topics such as recursive and non-recursive filters (including optimization techniques), wave digital filters and DFTs. A new chapter on the application of digital signal processing offers up-to-date techniques and there are new problems and examples throughout. Other features new to this second edition include chapters on quasi-Newton and minimax optimization algorithms for the design of recursive filters and equalizers, and efficient and robust algorithms for the design of non-recursive filters and differentiators. HLP computer language is now replaced with Pascal.
Logic for natural language analysis (1982)

This work investigates the use of formal logic as a practical tool for describing the syntax and semantics of a subset of English, and building a computer program to answer data base queries expressed in that subset. To achieve an intimate connection between logical descriptions and computer programs, all the descriptions given are in the definite clause subset of the predicate calculus, which is the basis of the programming language Prolog. The logical descriptions run directly as efficient Prolog programs. Three aspects of the use of logic in natural language analysis are covered: formal representation of syntactic rules by means of a grammar formalism based on logic, extraposition grammars;. formal semantics for the chosen English subset, appropriate for data base queries; informal semantic and pragmatic rules to translate analysed sentences into their formal semantics. On these three aspects, the work improves and extends earlier work by Colmerauer and others, where the use of computational logic in language analysis was first introduced.
A prototype methodology combining surface‐enhanced laser desorption/ionization protein chip technology and artificial neural network algorithms to predict the chemoresponsiveness of breast cancer cell lines exposed to Paclitaxel and Doxorubicin under in vitro conditions (2003)

An ability to predict the likelihood of cellular response towards particular chemotherapeutic agents based upon protein expression patterns could facilitate the identification of biological molecules with previously undefined roles in the process of chemoresistance/chemosensitivity, and if robust enough these patterns might also be exploited towards the development of novel predictive assays. To ascertain whether proteomic based molecular profiling in conjunction with artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms could be applied towards the specific recognition of phenotypic patterns between either control or drug treated and chemosensitive or chemoresistant cellular populations, a combined approach involving MALDI-TOF matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, Ciphergen protein chip technology and ANN algorithms have been applied to specifically identify proteomic 'fingerprints' indicative of treatment regimen for chemosensitive (MCF-7, T47D) and chemoresistant (MCF-7/ADR) breast cancer cell lines following exposure to Doxorubicin or Paclitaxel. The results indicate that proteomic patterns can be identified by ANN algorithms to correctly assign 'class' for treatment regimen (e.g. control/drug treated or chemosensitive/chemoresistant) with a high degree of accuracy using boot-strap statistical validation techniques and that biomarker ion patterns indicative of response/non-response phenotypes are associated with MCF-7 and MCF-7/ADR cells exposed to Doxorubicin. We have also examined the predictive capability of this approach towards MCF-7 and T47D cells to ascertain whether prediction could be made based upon treatment regimen irrespective of cell lineage. Models were identified that could correctly assign class (control or Paclitaxel treatment) for 35/38 samples of an independent dataset. A similar level of predictive capability was also found (> 92%; n = 28) when proteomic patterns derived from the drug resistant cell line MCF-7/ADR were compared against those derived from MCF-7 and T47D as a model system of drug resistant and drug sensitive phenotypes. This approach might offer a potential methodology for predicting the biological behaviour of cancer cells towards particular chemotherapeutics and through protein isolation and sequence identification could result in the identification of biological molecules associated with chemosensitive/chemoresistance tumour phenotypes.