gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dielectric resonance spectroscopy: a versatile tool in the quest for better piezoelectric polymers (2003)

Piezoelectric polymers are widely used in sensor and actuator applications. Compared to ceramic materials, they have the advantage of mechanical flexibility and an acoustic impedance similar to those of water or air. Their electrical, electromechanical and mechanical properties can be investigated by analyzing piezoelectric resonances in their dielectric spectrum. Apart from its ability to reveal the high-frequency behavior of piezoelectric polymer films, this technique is appealing from a practical point of view because several important parameters can be measured with a single scan that only requires standard dielectric spectroscopy equipment commonly found in many laboratories. This article outlines the theoretical foundations of piezoelectric resonance, examines the experimental aspects, and reviews recent applications in the field of piezoelectric polymers.
A natural polymorphism in β-lactamase is a global suppressor (1997)

A M182T substitution was discovered as a second-site suppressor of a missense mutation in TEM-1 beta-lactamase. The combination of the M182T substitution with other substitutions in the enzyme indicates the M182T substitution is a global suppressor of missense mutations in beta-lactamase. The M182T substitution also is found in natural variants of TEM-1 beta-lactamase with altered substrate specificity that have evolved in response to antibiotic therapy. The M182T substitution may have been selected in natural isolates as a suppressor of folding or stability defects resulting from mutations associated with drug resistance. This pathway of protein evolution may occur in other targets of antimicrobial drugs such as the HIV protease.
Image analysis and rule-based reasoning for a traffic monitoring system (2000)

The paper presents an approach for detecting vehicles in urban traffic scenes by means of rule-based reasoning on visual data. The strength of the approach is its formal separation between the low-level image processing modules and the high-level module, which provides a general-purpose knowledge-based framework for tracking vehicles in the scene. The image-processing modules extract visual data from the scene by spatio-temporal analysis during daytime, and by morphological analysis of headlights at night. The high-level module is designed as a forward chaining production rule system, working on symbolic data, i.e., vehicles and their attributes (area, pattern, direction, and others) and exploiting a set of heuristic rules tuned to urban traffic conditions. The synergy between the artificial intelligence techniques of the high-level and the low-level image analysis techniques provides the system with flexibility and robustness.
A near-optimal algorithm for estimating the entropy of a stream (2010)

We describe a simple algorithm for approximating the empirical entropy of a stream of m values up to a multiplicative factor of (1+ϵ) using a single pass, O (ϵ −2 log (δ −1 ) log m ) words of space, and O (log ϵ −1 + log log δ −1 + log log m ) processing time per item in the stream. Our algorithm is based upon a novel extension of a method introduced by Alon et al. [1999]. This improves over previous work on this problem. We show a space lower bound of Ω(ϵ −2 /log 2 (ϵ −1 )), demonstrating that our algorithm is near-optimal in terms of its dependency on ϵ. We show that generalizing to multiplicative-approximation of the k th-order entropy requires close to linear space for k ≥1. In contrast we show that additive-approximation is possible in a single pass using only poly-logarithmic space. Lastly, we show how to compute a multiplicative approximation to the entropy of a random walk on an undirected graph.
One-step grown aligned bulk carbon nanotubes by chloride mediated chemical vapor deposition (2008)

We found the easy and efficient synthesis method of the vertically aligned ultralong multiwalled nanotubes using iron chloride powder. The 2.1-mm-long bulk nanotubes can be grown by conventional thermal chemical vapor deposition on bare quartz surface with the single gas flow of acetylene for 20min. In addition to the high growth rate, the bulk of carbon nanotubes is easily spun into the yarn by pulling it out, and the present method also provides the coating ability with nanotubes as a new functionality of this nanomaterial.
Elk1 and SRF transcription factors convey basal transcription and mediate glucose response via their binding sites in the human LXRB gene promoter (2007)

The nuclear receptors LXRalpha (NR1H3) and LXRbeta (NR1H2) are attractive drug targets for the treatment of diabetes and cardiovascular disease due to their established role as regulators of cholesterol and lipid metabolism. A large body of literature has recently indicated their important roles in glucose metabolism and particularly LXRbeta is important for proper insulin production in pancreas. In this study, we report that glucose induces transcription via the LXRB gene promoter. The transcription start site of the human LXRB gene was determined and we identified two highly conserved, and functional, ETS and Elk1 binding sites, respectively, in the LXRB gene promoter. The Elk1 binding site also bound the serum responsive factor (SRF). Mutation of these sites abolished binding. Furthermore, mutation of the binding sites or siRNA knockdown of SRF and Elk1 significantly reduced the promoter activity and impaired the glucose response. Our results indicate that the human LXRB gene is controlled by glucose, thereby providing a novel mechanism by which glucose regulates cellular functions via LXRbeta.
Metastatic Model for Human Prostate Cancer Using Orthotopic Implantation in Nude Mice (1992)

These data suggest that the orthotopic injection of human prostate cancer cells into the nude mouse may provide a valuable model to study the biology and therapy of human prostate cancer.
Production and Assessment of Decellularized Pig and Human Lung Scaffolds (2013)

The authors have previously shown that acellular (AC) trachea-lung scaffolds can (1) be produced from natural rat lungs, (2) retain critical components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) such as collagen-1 and elastin, and (3) be used to produce lung tissue after recellularization with murine embryonic stem cells. The aim of this study was to produce large (porcine or human) AC lung scaffolds to determine the feasibility of producing scaffolds with potential clinical applicability. We report here the first attempt to produce AC pig or human trachea-lung scaffold. Using a combination of freezing and sodium dodecyl sulfate washes, pig trachea-lungs and human trachea-lungs were decellularized. Once decellularization was complete we evaluated the structural integrity of the AC lung scaffolds using bronchoscopy, multiphoton microscopy (MPM), assessment of the ECM utilizing immunocytochemistry and evaluation of mechanics through the use of pulmonary function tests (PFTs). Immunocytochemistry indicated that there was loss of collagen type IV and laminin in the AC lung scaffold, but retention of collagen-1, elastin, and fibronectin in some regions. MPM scoring was also used to examine the AC lung scaffold ECM structure and to evaluate the amount of collagen I in normal and AC lung. MPM was used to examine the physical arrangement of collagen-1 and elastin in the pleura, distal lung, lung borders, and trachea or bronchi. MPM and bronchoscopy of trachea and lung tissues showed that no cells or cell debris remained in the AC scaffolds. PFT measurements of the trachea-lungs showed no relevant differences in peak pressure, dynamic or static compliance, and a nonrestricted flow pattern in AC compared to normal lungs. Although there were changes in content of collagen I and elastin this did not affect the mechanics of lung function as evidenced by normal PFT values. When repopulated with a variety of stem or adult cells including human adult primary alveolar epithelial type II cells both pig and human AC scaffolds supported cell attachment and cell viability. Examination of scaffolds produced using a variety of detergents indicated that detergent choice influenced human immune response in terms of T cell activation and chemokine production.
Novel expression of human chorionic gonadotropin/luteinizing hormone receptor gene in brain (1993)

LH from anterior pituitary and hCG from placenta bind to a common receptor in gonadal and nongonadal reproductive tissues. There have been numerous examples suggesting that the brain may also contain hCG/LH receptors, yet there has been no evidence for their existence so far. We now demonstrate by reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction and northern blotting that the rat brain contains hCG/LH receptor mRNA. A major receptor transcript of 2.6 kilobases and minor transcripts of 1.8 and 4.4 kilobases were found. Western immunoblotting, ligand blotting, and covalent receptor cross-linking studies have shown that rat brain also contains an 80-kilodalton receptor protein that can bind hCG and hLH, but not hFSH. Rat testis used as a positive control showed a higher abundance of multiple transcripts and an 80-kilodalton receptor protein that can bind [125I]hCG. Rat liver used as a negative control did not contain any receptor transcripts or protein. In situ hybridization, dot blotting, immunocytochemistry, and topical autoradiography have revealed that hCG/LH receptors are present in rat hippocampus; dentate gyrus; hypothalamus; cerebellum; choroid plexus; ependymal cells of third, fourth, and lateral ventricles; cortex; brainstem; bovine hypothalamus; and human area postrema. These novel findings could potentially explain numerous previous observations and suggest new possibilities concerning the regulation of brain functions by hCG and LH.
Tetracycline-Regulated Suppression of Amber Codons in Mammalian Cells (1998)

As an approach to inducible suppression of nonsense mutations in mammalian cells, we described recently an amber suppression system in mammalian cells dependent on coexpression of Escherichia coli glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase (GlnRS) along with the E. coli glutamine-inserting amber suppressor tRNA. Here, we report on tetracycline-regulated expression of the E. coli GlnRS gene and, thereby, tetracycline-regulated suppression of amber codons in mammalian HeLa and COS-1 cells. The E. coli GlnRS coding sequence attached to a minimal mammalian cell promoter was placed downstream of seven tandem tetracycline operator sequences. Cotransfection of HeLa cell lines expressing a tetracycline transactivator protein, carrying a tetracycline repressor domain linked to part of a herpesvirus VP16 activation domain, with the E. coli GlnRS gene and the E. coli glutamine-inserting amber suppressor tRNA gene resulted in suppression of the amber codon in a reporter chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene. The tetracycline transactivator-mediated expression of E. coli GlnRS was essentially completely blocked in HeLa or COS-1 cells grown in the presence of tetracycline. Concomitantly, both aminoacylation of the suppressor tRNA and suppression of the amber codon were reduced significantly in the presence of tetracycline.
TRANSFORMATION OF BACILLUS LICHENIFORMIS (1964)

Gwinn, Darrel D. (Oregon State University, Corvallis), and Curtis B. Thorne. Transformation of Bacillus licheniformis. J. Bacteriol. 87:519-526. 1964.-When a series of 28 auxotrophic mutants of Bacillus licheniformis were screened for transformation, only three of them, M28 (glycine(-)), M30 (uncharacterized), and M33 (purine(-)), produced a detectable number of transformants. The screening method consisted of spreading auxotrophic cells and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from the prototrophic strain 9945A on minimal agar plates and observing the plates for development of prototrophic colonies. M28 transformed at a higher frequency than did the two other mutants, and it was studied in greater detail. Although up to 20% of the recipient cells spread on the plates in the presence of DNA gave rise to prototrophic colonies over a period of 72 hr, only about 10(-3)% of the cells produced transformants when they were incubated with DNA in liquid suspension for 1 hr. The most competent cultures of many tested were those grown on a shaker for 22 hr in a medium composed of nutrient broth, salts, and glycerol. When mutations resulting in requirements for histidine, leucine, serine, and trytophan were introduced singly into the glycine mutant, transformants for the leucine, serine, and histidine markers could be obtained at will, but transformants for the tryptophan marker were not detected even though all four of the double mutants could be transformed to glycine independence.
Re: Use of Specialized Bone Screws for Intermaxillary Fixation (2001)

Nikkhah, Cyrus FDSRCS; Wright, Simon MFDSRCS; Thompson, M. K. FRCS; Cheng, L. H. FRCS; Adlam, D. M. FRCS Author Information
Lack of Association of Apolipoprotein E ε4 Allele Dose with Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Alzheimer Disease (1998)

Parietal cerebral glucose metabolism is reduced before substantial impairments appeared in subjects carrying the apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon4 allele, but the effect of the APOE epsilon4 allele on cerebral metabolism in Alzheimer disease (AD) is still undetermined. To investigate the effect of the APOE epsilon4 allele on cerebral metabolism in AD, we examined regional cerebral glucose metabolism in 83 patients with AD by using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and positron emission tomography. Cerebral glucose metabolism in the fronto-parieto-temporal association and limbic cortices was significantly decreased in the AD patients compared with 26 age- and sex-matched normal controls. Regional cerebral glucose metabolic rate was not correlated significantly with the number of APOE epsilon4 alleles in any region, which was consistent even after controlling the effects of age, sex, and severity of dementia, and in a subgroup analysis of those aged between 60 and 75. These results supported the view that the APOE epsilon4 allele is not associated with specific deficits in brain metabolism in AD despite evidence of preclinical alterations.
Evaluation of an nMOS VLSI array for an adaptive liquid-crystal spatial light modulator (1986)

An nMOS-addressed liquid-crystal array has been designed, primarily for use as a spatial light modulator in the Fourier plane of a coherent optical processor. Specification of the performance of such filters in an ideal system is considered briefly, and a description is given of the operating parameters of our prototype device. Details are presented of the VLSI design for the integrated circuit, which consists of a square array of 16 × 16 pixels covering a total active area of 3.2 × 3.2 mm2 on a silicon chip. An outline is also given of a simple interface circuit, built from discrete components, which allows the liquid-crystal filter to be controlled through the 8-bit port of a microcomputer. When illuminated with noncoherent light, the device acts as a liquid crystal display with ‘on-board’ memory.
Food Powders: Physical Properties, Processing, and Functionality (2005)

Food Powders Characterization.- Sampling.- Particle Properties.- Bulk Properties.- Production, Handling, and Processing.- Storage.- Conveying.- Size Reduction.- Size Enlargement.- Encapsulation Processes.- Mixing.- Separation and Classification.- Drying.- Undesirable Phenomena and their Relation to Processing.
Radio link admission algorithms for wireless networks with power control and active link quality protection (2002)

Presents a distributed power control scheme, which maintains the signal/interference ratios (SIRs) of operational (active) links above their required thresholds at all times (link quality protection), while new users are being admitted; furthermore, when new users cannot be successfully admitted, existing ones do not suffer fluctuations of their SIRs below their required thresholds values. The authors also present two admission/rejection control algorithms, which exercise voluntary drop-out of links inadmissible to the network so as to reduce interference and possibly facilitate the admission of other links.
Optical antenna: Towards a unity efficiency near-field optical probe (1997)

We demonstrate that an antenna can be used to realize a near-field optical probe that combines spatial resolution well below the diffraction limit with transmission efficiency approaching unity. The probe consists of a planar bow-tie antenna with an open-circuited gap at its apex. We present proof-of-principle measurements using microwave radiation and discuss scaling the antenna to the visible optical spectrum.
Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy (2002)

Benefits of HRT include prevention of osteoporotic fractures and colorectal cancer, while prevention of dementia is uncertain. Harms include CHD, stroke, thromboembolic events, breast cancer with 5 or more years of use, and cholecystitis.
Inhibition of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Growth by Inhibition of Fibronectin Matrix Assembly (1998)

The regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation by the fibronectin matrix was tested by treating human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells (HUASMCs) with a recombinant fragment of fibronectin (protein III1-C) that has previously been shown to modulate fibronectin matrix assembly. III1-C inhibited HUASMC proliferation by 75% to 90%. The inhibition of growth was time dependent; III1-C had no effect on DNA synthesis after 0 to 5 hours of treatment but did have an effect at 24 hours and beyond. III1-C did not stimulate apoptosis in these cells, indicating that the inhibition of proliferation was not due to an induction of programmed cell death. The effects of III1-C on cell growth were only specific for normal diploid smooth muscle cells. III1-C had no effect on the proliferation of IMR-90 fibroblasts, endothelial cells, NIH 3T3 cells, or the rat aortic smooth muscle cell line A7r5. However, III1-C did inhibit proliferation by primary rat aortic smooth muscle cells. An analysis of HUASMC fibronectin receptor (integrin alpha5beta1) distribution revealed that III1-C did not inhibit alpha5beta1 localization to focal contacts. Moreover, III1-C had no effect on the relative expression levels of seven different integrin subunits on HUASMCs. However, III1-C did inhibit fibronectin matrix assembly by rat aortic smooth muscle cells, HUASMCs, A7r5 cells, IMR-90 cells, and endothelial cells. An analysis of fibronectin synthesis indicated that the inhibition of fibronectin matrix assembly by III1-C was not due solely to a decrease in fibronectin synthesis. Finally, treatment of HUASMCs with anti-fibronectin monoclonal antibody L8 (which is known to inhibit fibronectin matrix assembly) also decreased the rate of HUASMC DNA synthesis. These results demonstrate that III1-C inhibits VSMC proliferation and suggest that this effect may be mediated by the inhibition of fibronectin matrix assembly.
OX40 is differentially expressed on activated rat and mouse T cells and is the sole receptor for the OX40 ligand (1996)

OX40, a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor/nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor superfamily was first identified as a marker of activated rat CD4+ cells with the MRC OX40 monoclonal antibody (mAb). A ligand for OX40 (called OX40 ligand or OX40L) has recently been identified and has sequence similarity to TNF. Mouse OX40L-immunoglobulin fusion protein (OX40L-Ig) binds to activated mouse CD4+ and CD8+ cells (Baum, P. R. et al., EMBO J. 1994. 13: 3992) suggesting that OX40 could have a differential pattern of expression on mouse and rat T cells. This, however, did not rule out the presence of an alternative receptor on CD8+ cells that also binds the OX40L. We have compared the binding of the MRC OX40 mAb with that of OX40L-Ig to activated rat lymph node cells and show that both recognize the same protein, namely OX40 which is expressed on CD4+ and CD4+ CD8 alpha+ cells, but not on CD4-CD8+ cells. We have raised a new mAb (MRC OX86) using recombinant mouse OX40 protein and show by two-color flow cytometry that mouse OX40 is expressed on CD4 and CD8 single-positive cells. In addition, the new MRC OX86 mAb, unlike the MRC OX40 mAb, did not block binding of the OX40L. We conclude that OX40 is differentially expressed on activated mouse and rat T cells and is the sole receptor for the OX40L.
Myocardial kinetics of carbon-11-meta-hydroxyephedrine: retention mechanisms and effects of norepinephrine. (1993)

Carbon-11-labeled meta-hydroxyephedrine (HED, N-methyl-metaraminol) is a catecholamine analog developed for the PET imaging of sympathetic nerve terminals of the heart. The retention mechanisms of this tracer and interactions with norepinephrine were investigated in isolated working rat hearts. Externally monitored time-activity curves showed a strong uptake process in control hearts (K1 = 2.66 +/- 0.39 ml/g/min) and relatively slow monoexponential clearance rates (k2 = 0.011 +/- 0.003 min-1). Comparative studies with the neuronal uptake inhibitor desipramine indicated little extraneuronal distribution and a strong dependence of clearance rate on neuronal reuptake of tracer. Norepinephrine (< or = 10 nM) increased HED clearance rate without affecting initial uptake rates. This effect may be related to competitive inhibition of neuronal reuptake and/or accelerated neuronal release of HED. These results indicate that the uptake and retention of HED by the myocardium is highly specific to sympathetic nerve terminals. However, its retention in the myocardium is not directly related to neuronal processing of catecholamines (i.e., metabolism and vesicular turnover). Thus, important differences may exist in the physiologic information indicated by retention measurements of HED and radiolabeled catecholamines. The finding of increased clearance rates with NE in the perfusion medium recommends the consideration of potential effects of circulating and endogenous catecholamines on PET measurements of myocardial retention of HED, especially in subjects with elevated plasma catecholamines or high sympathetic tone.
A hierarchical test generation approach for large controllers (2000)

A testing approach targeted at Hardware Description Language (HDL)-based specifications of complex control devices is proposed. For such architectures, gate-level test pattern generators require insertion of scan paths to enable the flat gate-level representations to be efficiently handled. In contrast, we present a testing methodology based on the hierarchical finite state machine model. Our approach allows the generation of compact test sets with very high stuck-at fault coverages, without any design-for-testability logic other than hardware reset. This method can be used any time the functional information is available together with the gate-level structural description. High fault coverages are achieved with smaller test lengths and execution times with respect to state-of-the-art gate-level test pattern generators.