gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cutpoint Cellular Logic (1964)

A cutpoint cellular array is a two-dimensional rectangular arrangement of square cells, each of which has binary inputs on the top and left edges and outputs on the bottom and right edges. Each cell is interconnected with neighboring cells, and it is specialized by a set of binary constants that are termed cutpoints. This paper is concerned with the choice of the logical properties for each cutpoint cell, so that an array of these cells is capable of efficient and general combinational and sequential logic. Logical design algorithms are given, as well as a number of actual designs. It is believed that cutpoint cellular arrays have promise for application in the manufacture of a large number of integrated circuit components on one substrate.
Hormone-sensitive lipase - new roles for an old enzyme (2004)

Although described initially as an intracellular adipocyte-specific triacylglycerol lipase, it is now clear that HSL (hormone-sensitive lipase) is expressed in multiple tissues and plays a number of roles in lipid metabolism, including that of a neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolase. The major isoform is a single polypeptide with a molecular mass of approx. 84 kDa and which comprises three major domains: a catalytic domain, a regulatory domain encoding several phosphorylation sites and an N-terminal domain involved in protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions. The activity of HSL is regulated acutely by several mechanisms, including reversible phosphorylation by a number of different protein kinases, translocation to different sites within the cell and interaction with a number of proteins, some of which may serve to direct the inhibitory products of HSL away from the protein. It is also apparent from work with HSL null mice that more than one enzyme species may be classified as a hormone-sensitive lipase. The possible presence of HSL in macrophages remains controversial, and the role of the protein in pancreatic beta-cells has yet to be fully elucidated. Altered expression of HSL in different cell types may be associated with a number of pathological states, including obesity, atherosclerosis and Type II diabetes.
Global control synthesis for an MIMD/FPGA machine (2002)

Embedding a FPGA circular array into MIMD architectures allows one to synthesize fine-grain circuits for global computation support. These circuits operate concurrently with the distributed applications. They provide specific speed-up or additional services, such as communication protocols or global controllers. This article describes an architectural model for such controllers with practical examples implemented on the ArMen FPGA-multiprocessor. A multi-assignment language derived from the UNITY formalism is proposed, to implement the controllers with a high degree of parallelism. Their hardware synthesis principles are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Novel Passivation Dielectrics—The Boron‐ or Phosphorus‐Doped Hydrogenated Amorphaus Silicon Carbide Films (1985)

Hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide thin films were prepared and studied in a radio‐frequency glow‐discharge system, using a gas mixture of and one of the following carbon sources: methane , benzene , toluene , σ‐xylene , trichloroethane , trichloroethylene , or carbon tetrachloride . The effect of doping phosphorus and boron into those films on chemical etching rate, electrical dc resistivity, breakdown strength, and optical refractive index have been systematically investigated. Their chemical etching properties were examined by immersing in 49% , buffered , 180°C solutions, or in plasma. It was found that the boron‐doped film possesses five times slower etching rate than the undoped one, while phosphorus‐doped film shows about three times slower. Among those films, the one obtained from a mixture of and benzene shows the best etch‐resistant property, while the ones obtained from a mixture of and chlorine containing carbon sources (e.g., trichloroethylene, trichloroethane, or carbon tetrachloride) shows that they are poor in etching resistance (i.e., the etching rate is higher). By measuring dc resistivity, dielectric breakdown strength, and effective refractive index, it was found that boron‐ or phosphorus‐doped films exhibit much higher dielectric strength and resistivity, but lower etching rate, presumably because of higher density.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors: possible implications for neurodegenerative disorders (2008)

During the past six years numerous studies identified histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors as candidate drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Two major neuroprotective mechanisms of HDAC inhibitors have been identified, namely the transcriptional activation of disease-modifying genes and the correction of perturbations in histone acetylation homeostasis, which have been shown to be intimately involved in the neurodegenerative pathomechanisms of Huntington's, Parkinson's and Kennedy disease, amyotropic lateral sclerosis, Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome as well as stroke. Based on the promising in vitro and in vivo analyses, clinical trials have been initiated to evaluate the safety and efficacy of HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of devastating diseases such as Huntington's disease, amyotropic lateral sclerosis and spinal muscular atrophy. Here, the authors summarize and discuss the findings on the emerging field of epigenetic therapy strategies in neurodegenerative disorders.
Ring-opening polymerization of optically active .beta.-butyrolactone using distannoxane catalysts: synthesis of high-molecular-weight poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleRing-opening polymerization of optically active .beta.-butyrolactone using distannoxane catalysts: synthesis of high-molecular-weight poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)Yoji Hori, Motoki Suzuki, Akio Yamaguchi, and Takao NishishitaCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 20, 5533–5534Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00072a037RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views668Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (274 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Diagnostic Exome Sequencing in Persons with Severe Intellectual Disability (2012)

De novo mutations represent an important cause of intellectual disability; exome sequencing was used as an effective diagnostic strategy for their detection. (Funded by the European Union and others.).
Inhibition of macrophage migration inhibitory factor decreases proliferation and cytokine expression in bladder cancer cells (2004)

This study is the first to report MIF expression in the human bladder and these findings support a role for MIF in tumor cell proliferation. Since MIF participates in the inflammatory response and bladder cancer is associated with chronic inflammatory conditions, these new findings suggest that neutralizing bladder tumor MIF may serve as a novel therapeutic treatment for bladder carcinoma.
DeepDive: Declarative Knowledge Base Construction. (2016)

The dark data extraction or knowledge base construction (KBC) problem is to populate a SQL database with information from unstructured data sources including emails, webpages, and pdf reports. KBC is a long-standing problem in industry and research that encompasses problems of data extraction, cleaning, and integration. We describe DeepDive, a system that combines database and machine learning ideas to help develop KBC systems. The key idea in DeepDive is that statistical inference and machine learning are key tools to attack classical data problems in extraction, cleaning, and integration in a unified and more effective manner. DeepDive programs are declarative in that one cannot write probabilistic inference algorithms; instead, one interacts by defining features or rules about the domain. A key reason for this design choice is to enable domain experts to build their own KBC systems. We present the applications, abstractions, and techniques of DeepDive employed to accelerate construction of KBC systems.
Design of a microfabricated magnetic cell separator (2001)

A new magnetic separation idea utilizing several ideas from microfabrication and nanomagnetics is presented. The basic idea comes from our earlier work using asymmetry in obstacles and Brownian motion to effect separation of objetcs [10] by moving them in streams whose angle to the hydrodynamic average velocity is a function of the diffusion coefficient of the object. The device we propose here is not technically a Brownian ratchet device but uses the idea of force which acts at angle to the hydrodynamic flow. In our case, the force is generated by a magnetic field gradient which comes from an array of magnetized wires which lie at an angle 0 to a hydrodynamic field flow. The sum of the hydrodynamic force and the magnetic force create a new vector which as in the case of the Brownian ratchet moves the cell out of the main stream direction.
High-impedance fault detection utilizing a Morlet wavelet transform approach (1999)

An application of Morlet wavelets to the analysis of high-impedance fault generated signals is proposed in this paper. With the time-frequency localization characteristics embedded in wavelets, the time and frequency information of a waveform can be presented as a visualized scheme. Different from the fast Fourier transform, the wavelet transform approach is more efficient in monitoring fault signals as time varies. The proposed method has been applied to discriminate the high-impedance faults from the normal switching events, and to examine the faults under various grounds including Portland cement, wet soil and grass. Testing results have demonstrated the practicality and advantages of the proposed method for the applications.
Distribution of Rabies Virus, Interferon an dInterferon-mediated Enzymes in the Brains of Virus-infected Rats (1984)

The distribution of rabies virus, interferon and interferon-mediated enzymes, pppA(2'p5'A)n synthetase (2-5A synthetase) and poly(rI) . poly(rC)-Sepharose-bound protein kinase, was studied in different regions of the brains of rabies virus-infected rats. A broad range of virus infectivity was found in the brain stem, cerebellum, cortex, hippocampus and striatum. Similarly, the levels of interferon were variable (2500 to 60 000 units/mg protein in tissue extracts) in the different brain regions studied but were unrelated to the corresponding infectivities . The level of 2-5A synthetase and protein kinase was enhanced several-fold in the individual brain regions and the degree of such enhancement was correlated with the level of interferon.
Detection of Mutations Associated with Zidovudine Resistance in Human Immunodeficiency Virus by Use of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (1991)

A sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay was developed for four mutations in the reverse transcriptase gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 that have been associated with zidovudine resistance. These mutations were correlated in 366 specimens with zidovudine chemotherapy and resistance. Mutations at these four codons were detected only after zidovudine therapy. The usual sequence of appearance of mutations was codons 215, 70, 67, and 219, although individual variations occurred. The degree of resistance was proportional to the number of mutations present, although variable susceptibilities with identical patterns of mutations suggested the likelihood that additional mutations contribute to resistance. The existence of both phenotypic and genotypic mixtures was documented as was the occasional selection of subpopulations with passage of virus in vitro. The many complexities of zidovudine resistance render the assay of limited use for application to individual patients; however, it could prove useful for correlating disease or therapy with the emergence of resistance.
Anabasine and anatabine as biomarkers for tobacco use during nicotine replacement therapy. (2002)

In this study we determined urine concentration of the tobacco alkaloids anabasine and anatabine, nicotine and its metabolites cotinine, and nornicotine in 99 cigarette smokers and 205 smokeless tobacco users. We also investigated the possibility that anabasine and anatabine can be used as biomarkers for tobacco use during nicotine replacement therapy. Urine samples and data on self-reported tobacco use were obtained from subjects enrolled in tobacco cessation programs. Urine concentrations of tobacco alkaloids and metabolites were measured and correlated with self-reported tobacco use. Concentrations of anabasine and anatabine were used to validate abstinence in smokeless tobacco users who used nicotine gum as part of the therapy. Correlations of alkaloid concentration with self-reported tobacco use before treatment ranged from fair to poor. In subjects abstaining from smokeless tobacco but using nicotine gum, anabasine and anatabine levels were below the cut-point of 2 ng/ml despite high concentrations of nicotine and cotinine resulting from nicotine gum use. Anabasine and anatabine concentrations in urine can be used to validate abstinence or measure the extent of tobacco use in persons undergoing nicotine replacement therapy.
Small angle x-ray scattering of a homogeneous γGl immunoglobulin (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSmall angle x-ray scattering of a homogeneous γGl immunoglobulinIngrid Pilz, G. Puchwein, O. Kratky, M. Herbst, O. Haager, W. E. Gall, and G. M. EdelmanCite this: Biochemistry 1970, 9, 2, 211–219Publication Date (Print):January 20, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 20 January 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00804a004https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00804a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Glycosylation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1244 pilin: glycan substrate specificity: glycan substrate specificity (2002)

The Ising model provides a natural mapping for many computationally hard combinatorial optimization problems (COPs). Consequently, dynamical system-inspired computing models and hardware platforms that minimize the Ising Hamiltonian, have recently been proposed as a potential candidate for solving COPs, with the promise of significant performance benefit. However, prior work on designing dynamical systems as Ising machines has primarily considered quadratic interactions among the nodes. Dynamical systems and models considering higher order interactions among the Ising spins remain largely unexplored, particularly for applications in computing. Therefore, in this work, we propose Ising spin-based dynamical systems that consider higher order (> 2) interactions among the Ising spins, which subsequently, enables us to develop computational models to directly solve many COPs that entail such higher order interactions (i.e., COPs on hypergraphs). Specifically, we demonstrate our approach by developing dynamical systems to compute the solution for the Boolean NAE-K-SAT (K ≥ 4) problem as well as solve the Max-K-Cut of a hypergraph. Our work advances the potential of the physics-inspired 'toolbox' for solving COPs.
Effects of dissolved CO2 levels on the growth ofMannheimia succiniciproducens and succinic acid production (2007)

A capnophilic rumen bacterium Mannheimia succiniciproducens produces succinic acid as a major fermentation end product under CO(2)-rich anaerobic condition. Since succinic acid is produced by carboxylation of C3 compounds during the fermentation, intracellular CO(2) availability is important for efficient succinic acid formation. Here, we investigated the metabolic responses of M. succiniciproducens to the different dissolved CO(2) concentrations (0-260 mM). Cell growth was severely suppressed when the dissolved CO(2) concentration was below 8.74 mM. On the other hand, cell growth and succinic acid production increased proportionally as the dissolved CO(2) concentration increased from 8.74 to 141 mM. The yields of biomass and succinic acid on glucose obtained at the dissolved CO(2) concentration of 141 mM were 1.49 and 1.52 times higher, respectively, than those obtained at the dissolved CO(2) concentration of 8.74 mM. It was also found that the additional CO(2) source provided in the form of NaHCO(3), MgCO(3), or CaCO(3) had positive effects on cell growth and succinic acid production. However, growth inhibition was observed when excessive bicarbonate salts were added. By the comparison of the activities of key enzymes, it was found that PEP carboxylation by PEP carboxykinase (PckA) is the most important for succinic acid production as well as the growth of M. succiniciproducens by providing additional ATP.
ChemInform Abstract: Experimental Techniques in Fluorous Synthesis: A User′s Guide (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Oncogenic EGFR Signaling Networks in Glioma (2009)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a primary contributor to glioblastoma (GBM) initiation and progression. Here, we examine how EGFR and key downstream signaling networks contribute to the hallmark characteristics of GBM such as rapid cancer cell proliferation and diffused invasion. Additionally, we discuss current therapeutic options for GBM patients and elaborate on the mechanisms through which EGFR promotes chemoresistance. We conclude by offering a perspective on how the potential of integrative systems biology may be harnessed to develop safe and effective treatment strategies for this disease.
Fluorescence spectra of DNA dyes measured in a flow cytometer (1996)

The spectral properties of fluorescent dyes often vary with experimental conditions. Spectral changes contain information about the particles to which the dye is bound and can have practical consequences for the design of flow cytometry experiments. It is therefore desirable to have spectral information obtained under conditions that approach those under which the measurements in a flow cytometer are performed. This report describes the measurement of fluorescence spectra in a flow cytometer. We have attached a monochromator to one of the detector ports of our flow cytometer. The monochromator scans continuously over a range of wavelengths. For each measured particle, the monochromator wavelength is recorded along with the fluorescence intensity at that wavelength. Other fluorescence and scatter signals can also be recorded to distinguish different particle populations within the sample. This method for measurement of fluorescence spectra has advantages over conventional fluorimetry in that it distinguishes between bound and unbound dye and that spectral properties of different particle populations within a single sample can be separately reconstructed. Fluorescence spectra of common DNA dyes bound to chromatin are presented. A shift to the red in Hoechst 33258 fluorescence with increasing dye concentration is demonstrated. The spectra of DNA-bound Hoechst and ethidium bromide are compared with those of the free dyes in solution. Energy transfer between several pairs of DNA dyes is demonstrated using spectral measurements. We also find slight spectral variations between the different human chromosomes dualstained with Hoechst and chromomycin.
Infants' Brains are Wired to Learn from Culture (2015)

Human beings are the most imitative creatures on the planet. Prior to language, human infants, use imitation to learn about physical objects and cultural practices [1]. Young children learn novel skills [2], abstract principles [3,4], and cultural customs from observing how other agents act upon the world. Imitation requires a mapping between action perception and action production. This mapping is now being delineated at both the psychological level [5] and at the neural level [6]. I will describe a theory of social-cognitive development-the "Like-Me" developmental theory [7]--that has emerged from studying how infants make sense of self, other, and their interaction. The theory proposes that one of the infant's first and most basic psychological acts is the recognition of others who act, move, and behave like the self. Preverbal children devote special attention to entities that are "Like-Me" and are predisposed to learn from "Like-Me" agents [7]. This theoretical framework, based on behavioral studies, is aligned with emerging findings in developmental neuroscience, including results using infant EEG [8], which is beginning to document the neural basis of "Like-Me" perceptions prior to language [5,9]. I will analyze infants' mapping between self and other, the role of experience in changing this initial state, and the impact of early self-other mapping on interpersonal functioning and cognitive development.
Multiplex Lateral-Flow Test Strips Fabricated by Two-Dimensional Shaping (2008)

We have fabricated paper- and nitrocellulose-based lateral-flow devices that are shaped in two dimensions by a computer-controlled knife. The resulting star, candelabra, and other structures are spotted with multiple bioassay reagents to produce multiplex lateral-flow assays. We have also fabricated laminar composites in which porous nitrocellulose media are sandwiched between vinyl and polyester plastic films. This minimizes evaporation, protects assay surfaces from contamination and dehydration, and eliminates the need for the conventional hard plastic cassette holders that are typically used to package commercial lateral-flow diagnostic strips. The reported fabrication method is novel, low-cost, and well-suited to (i) fabrication and adoption in resource-poor areas, (ii) prototype development, (iii) high-volume manufacturing, and (iii) improving rates of operator error.