gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of nasal allergy (1980)

Previously the mechanisms involved in nasal allergy was considered that allergic reaction in the submucosa of nasal mucous membrane only is responsible for symptoms which are a product of direct action of chemical mediator released to the target tissues, Against the above concept, however, the present paper demonstrated an important role of allergic reaction on the airway surface and reflectory effect of the chemical mediator on effector cells in nasal manifestation.In other words, nasal allergic manifestations could be produced without allergen penetration into the submucosa and without direct stimulation to the submucosa.Soluble allergic substances are eluted from allergen particles in the mucous blanket and then produce a chemical mediator release from both the blood basophils, which emigrate from the circulation to the mucous blanket and the mast cells, which move in the epithelial layers.The mediator thus released is sufficient in amount to induce nasal manifestation.It is absorbed quickly and thence stimulates the endings of the trigeminal nerve colse to the basement membrane of the epithelial layer.This stimulation results in production of sneezing and watery secretion through the nervous pathway reflex.On the other hand the mediator stimulates directly to the blood vessels in the submucosa, resulting into nasal obstruction.
The Hippocampus and Parahippocampus in Schizophrenic, Suicide, and Control Brains (1990)

Recent postmortem studies in schizophrenia have shown abnormalities in medial temporal lobe structures, including the hippocampus and parahippocampus. We tried to replicate previous studies and to explore the specificity of this finding to schizophrenia. The anterior hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex were evaluated for area and shape in postmortem tissue from 12 schizophrenic, 17 nonschizophrenic suicide, and 10 nonpsychiatric control brains. No significant differences were found in hippocampal area, but the parahippocampal cortex was significantly smaller in the schizophrenic group than in the control group. When parahippocampi from right and left sides were analyzed separately, both the suicide and schizophrenic groups had smaller parahippocampi on the right side than did the controls [corrected]. The suicide group exhibited greater parahippocampal areas in the left than in the right tissue samples within the group, while such a difference did not exist in the schizophrenic or control groups. This study demonstrated changes in temporal lobe structures in both schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic suicide groups.
Development of low noise, back-side illuminated silicon photodiode arrays (1997)

We have developed low noise, high quantum efficiency photodiode arrays for use with positron-emission tomography (PET). A fabrication process developed for high-energy physics detectors was modified to allow for back-side illumination. A back-side contact consisting of a thin (10 nm) n/sup +/ polysilicon layer covered by an indium tin oxide (ITO) antireflection coating (57 nm) results in >70% quantum efficiency over the wavelength range of 400-1000 nm. The photodiodes are operated fully depleted (300 /spl mu/m thick) resulting in a measured capacitance of 3.2 pF and typical leakage currents of 20-50 pA for a 3 mm square element. At room temperature the noise measured at a shaping time of 4 /spl mu/s is 140 e/sup -/ rms. When coupled to a CsI(TI) scintillator and excited with 141 keV gamma rays, the energy resolution is 12% fwhm.
Identification of CD8 T-Lymphocyte Epitopes in OmpB ofRickettsia conorii (2003)

The 1.2-kb DNA fragment of the Rickettsia conorii outer membrane protein B gene (OmpB(451-846)) was subcloned using site-specific PCR primers and expressed as six smaller fragments: OmpB(458-652), OmpB(595-744), OmpB(595-654), OmpB(645-692), OmpB(689-744), and OmpB(739-848). NCTC cells transfected with a mammalian expression vector expressing the fragments OmpB(689-744) and OmpB(739-848) stimulated immune anti-R. conorii CD8 T lymphocytes, suggesting the presence of CD8 T-lymphocyte-stimulating epitopes on these fragments. In order to further characterize the CD8 T-lymphocyte-stimulatory elements, CD8 T-lymphocyte epitopes on OmpB(689-744) and OmpB(739-848) were mapped by overlapping synthetic peptides. The ability of these synthetic peptides to stimulate immune CD8 T lymphocytes was determined by gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production and cell proliferation after incubation with simian virus 40-transformed murine vascular endothelial cells in the presence of a 20 micro M solution of each synthetic peptide. Five synthetic peptides, SKGVNVDTV (OmpB(708-716)), ANVGSFVFN (OmpB(735-743)), IVSGTVGGQ (OmpB(749-757)), ANSTLQIGG (OmpB(789-797)), and IVEFVNTGP (OmpB(812-820)), induced secretion of IFN-gamma at significantly higher levels than the controls. Three of these five peptides, SKGVNVDTV (OmpB(708-716)), ANSTLQIGG (OmpB(789-797)), and IVEFVNTGP (OmpB(812-820)), also stimulated the proliferation of immune CD8 T lymphocytes. Significantly higher levels of specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte killing were observed with the same three synthetic peptides, SKGVNVDTV (OmpB(708-716)), ANSTLQIGG (OmpB(789-797)), and IVEFVNTGP (OmpB(812-820)).
Efficient Preparation of Three Building Blocks for the Synthesis of Heparan Sulfate Fragments: Towards the Combinatorial Synthesis of Oligosaccharides from Hypervariable Regions (2003)

Abstract New, multigram routes to suitably protected L ‐iduronyl monosaccharide donors 4 and 5 and 2‐azidoglucose acceptors 6 and 7 are described. The L ‐iduronyl and D ‐glucuronyl disaccharides 1 − 3 were then prepared from these compounds, by means of efficient and regioselective protective group manipulations. These disaccharides form the basis of a combinatorial approach toward the synthesis of heparan sulfate fragments representative of the heterogeneous regions of this polysaccharide. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)Introduction
Recombinant human activated protein C: A system modulator of vascular function for treatment of severe sepsis (2001)

The protein C pathway plays a unique role in modulating vascular function. As an antithrombotic/profibrinolytic agent, it plays a clear role in maintaining vascular patency. Moreover, it has anti-inflammatory properties and appears to play a unique role as an antiapoptotic and endothelial cell survival factor. In states of systemic inflammatory activation, loss of protein C due to consumptive processes results in a compromised ability to modulate coagulation as well as inflammatory and cell survival functions. This compromise leads to vascular dysfunction, end-organ failure, and death. Replacement with recombinant human activated protein C offers a system-modulating approach to improved outcome.
<title>Primary flight instruments for the Boeing 777 airplane</title> (1994)

Honeywell provides both the primary flight instruments (EFIS and EICAS) and the FMS Control and Display Unit (CDU) for the Boeing 777 all-glass flightdeck. These instruments feature high resolution, full color, active matrix, liquid crystal display panels. Both the CDU and the D-Size Display Unit features grayscale, very wide horizontal and vertical viewing angles, high contrast with an achromatic background over viewing angle, a large color gamut, temperature compensation for graylevel stability at all operating temperatures, heaters for cold temperature start-up and 100 fL brightness with a 2000:1 dimming range. The display system architecture, optical performance and key LCD technology features are reviewed here.
Next-generation head-mounted display (2010)

Head Mounted Displays (HMDs) have been utilized by the military for various applications since the 1980's. In the 1990's, this technology migrated to the consumer market. Most of these early systems suffered the major drawback that they were "look-at" versus "see through" systems, which prevented the user from seeing their environment. This reduced the utility of the devices and could potentially lead to safety issues. This presentation discusses the optical design of a novel see-through High Definition display device with a 40 degree field of view.
Development of new filter bank for detection of nodular patterns and linear patterns in medical images (2005)

Abnormal shadows in medical images are described as isolated nodular structures or linear structures. However, the size and shape of the shadows usually vary from case to case. Consequently, in order to detect abnormal shadows with high accuracy, we need to use a filter that can deal with various sizes and shapes, rather than a fixed filter assuming a typical shadow shape. The purpose of this study is to detect abnormal shadows with high accuracy, and a new perfect reconstruction filter bank is developed, introducing multiresolution based on wavelet analysis. The filter bank is designed so that the subimages generated the elements of a Hessian matrix at each resolution level. By calculating the small and large eigenvalues, a new filter bank has the following three properties. (1) Nodular patterns of various sizes can be enhanced. (2) Both nodular and linear patterns of various sizes can be enhanced. (3) The original image can be reconstructed with these patterns removed. The filter bank is applied to enhance microcalcifications in mammograms and to enhance/remove bone tissue in chest radiographs. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 36(13): 81–91, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20171
Development of a clinically feasible molecular assay to predict recurrence of Dukes’ B colon cancer (2006)

20110 Background: The 5-year survival rate of Dukes’ B colon cancer patients is approximately 75%. In our earlier genome-wide measurements of gene expression we have identified a 23-gene signature that sub-classifies Dukes’ B tumors and may provide better means of risk assessment on an individual basis for these colon cancer patients. The aim of this study is to validate this gene signature in an independent and more diverse group of patients, and further develop this prognostic signature into a clinical feasible test using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples. Methods: Using Affymetrix U133a GeneChip we analyzed the expression of the 23 genes in total RNA of frozen tumor samples from 123 Dukes’ B patients who did not receive adjuvant systemic treatment. Furthermore, we developed a quantitative RT-PCR assay for this gene signature in order to perform the test with standard clinical FFPE samples. Results: In the independent validation set of 123 patients, the gene signature proved to be informative in identifying patients who would develop distant metastasis (hazard ratio, HR 2.56; 95% confidence interval CI, 1.01–6.48), even when corrected for the traditional prognostic factors in multivariate analysis (HR, 2.73; 95% CI, 0.97–7.73). The RT-PCR assay developed for this gene signature was also validated in an independent set of 114 patients as a strong prognostic factor for the development of distant recurrence (HR, 6.38; 95% CI, 2.88–14.2) in univariate analysis and in multivariate analysis (HR, 13.3; 95% CI, 5.13–34.4). Conclusions: Our data provide not only a validation of the pre-defined prognostic gene signature for Dukes’ B colon cancer patients but also a clear feasibility of testing the gene signature using RT-PCR with standard FFPE specimens. The ability of such a test to identify patients that have an unfavorable outcome demonstrates potential clinical importance that could lead clinicians to choose a more aggressive therapeutic option for the high-risk patients. [Table: see text]
Integrin activation takes shape (2002)

Integrins are cell surface adhesion receptors that are essential for the development and function of multicellular animals. Here we summarize recent findings on the regulation of integrin affinity for ligand (activation), one mechanism by which cells modulate integrin function. The focus is on the structural basis of integrin activation, the role of the cytoplasmic domain in integrin affinity regulation, and potential mechanisms by which activation signals are propagated from integrin cytoplasmic domains to the extracellular ligand-binding domain.
Network time slots allocation by using a time multiplexed switch in a telecommunications architecture (2002)

Network time slots are used to set up a connection during call processing. This paper proposes a design of a time multiplexed switch to allocate network time slots in a telecommunications architecture. Network time slots can be allocated by a processor in the administrative module. Network time slots allocation by using the time multiplexed switch speeds up path hunt for line-terminating calls because of fewer messages are sent to set up a path between the switching modules. This design also improves the architecture reliability for the calls that do not require trunk hunt (i.e., intra calls) allowing for path hunt when the processor in the administrative module is unavailable. The performance of a peripheral controller is analyzed to show message handling between the peripheral controller and the time multiplexed switch controller. A hardware architecture is proposed to handle the increased number of messages in the peripheral controller.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
MASF - Multivariate Adaptive Statistical Filtering. (1995)

The Computer Measurement Group, commonly called CMG, is a not for profit, worldwide organization of data processing professionals committed to the measurement and management of computer systems. CMG members are primarily concerned with performance evaluation of existing systems to maximize performance (eg. response time, throughput, etc.) and with capacity management where planned enhancements to existing systems or the design of new systems are evaluated to find the necessary resources required to provide adequate performance at a reasonable cost.
Dynamic programming algorithm optimization for spoken word recognition (1978)

This paper reports on an optimum dynamic progxamming (DP) based time-normalization algorithm for spoken word recognition. First, a general principle of time-normalization is given using time-warping function. Then, two time-normalized distance definitions, called symmetric and asymmetric forms, are derived from the principle. These two forms are compared with each other through theoretical discussions and experimental studies. The symmetric form algorithm superiority is established. A new technique, called slope constraint, is successfully introduced, in which the warping function slope is restricted so as to improve discrimination between words in different categories. The effective slope constraint characteristic is qualitatively analyzed, and the optimum slope constraint condition is determined through experiments. The optimized algorithm is then extensively subjected to experimental comparison with various DP-algorithms, previously applied to spoken word recognition by different research groups. The experiment shows that the present algorithm gives no more than about two-thirds errors, even compared to the best conventional algorithm.
The nasB operon and nasA gene are required for nitrate/nitrite assimilation in Bacillus subtilis (1995)

Bacillus subtilis can use either nitrate or nitrite as a sole source of nitrogen. The isolation of the nasABCDEF genes of B. subtilis, which are required for nitrate/nitrite assimilation, is reported. The probable gene products include subunits of nitrate/nitrite reductases and an enzyme involved in the synthesis of siroheme, a cofactor for nitrite reductase.
Anti- and Prooxidative Properties of Gallic Acid in Fenton-Type Systems (2002)

The anti- and prooxidative properties of gallic acid in Fenton-type systems containing H(2)O(2) and Fe(III) were examined in pH 3-10 reaction media and at reaction temperatures of 20-50 degrees C. Although it is a free radical scavenger, gallic acid may exhibit prooxidative properties, as it promotes the production of hydroxyl radicals due to iron chelation. The overall effect is prooxidative if the ratio of the concentrations of gallic acid and Fe(III) in the reaction medium is smaller than 2. If the ratio is greater than 2, the overall effect of gallic acid presence is antioxidative due to free radical scavenging properties. The dependence of rates and of apparent activation energies of gallic acid consumption on pH in Fenton-type systems was also examined, and it is concluded that the rate-determining steps in acidic and alkaline media are different, the overall rate of gallic acid consumption being lowest at pH 7.
Near-Infrared Emitting Fluorophore-Doped Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles for In Vivo Imaging of Human Breast Cancer (2008)

Early detection is a crucial element for the timely diagnosis and successful treatment of all human cancers but is limited by the sensitivity of current imaging methodologies. We have synthesized and studied bioresorbable calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CPNPs) in which molecules of the near-infrared (NIR) emitting fluorophore, indocyanine green (ICG), are embedded. The ICG-CPNPs demonstrate exceptional colloidal and optical characteristics. Suspensions consisting of 16 nm average diameter particles are colloidally stable in physiological solutions (phosphate buffered 0.15 M saline (PBS), pH 7.4) with carboxylate or polyethylene glycol (PEG) surface functionality. ICG-doped CPNPs exhibit significantly greater intensity at the maximum emission wavelength relative to the free constituent fluorophore, consistent with the multiple molecules encapsulated per particle. The quantum efficiency per molecule of the ICG-CPNPs is 200% greater at 0.049 +/- 0.003 over the free fluorophore in PBS. Photostability based on fluorescence half-life of encapsulated ICG in PBS is 500% longer under typical clinical imaging conditions relative to the free dye. PEGylated ICG-CPNPs accumulate in solid, 5 mm diameter xenograft breast adenocarcinoma tumors via enhanced retention and permeability (EPR) within 24 h after systemic tail vein injection in a nude mouse model. Ex situ tissue imaging further verifies the facility of the ICG-CPNPs for deep-tissue imaging with NIR signals detectable from depths up to 3 cm in porcine muscle tissue. Our ex vivo and in vivo experiments verify the promise of the NIR CPNPs for diagnostic imaging in the early detection of solid tumors.
Fabrication of a Carbon Nanotube-Embedded Silicon Nitride Membrane for Studies of Nanometer-Scale Mass Transport (2004)

Membranes consisting of multiwall carbon nanotubes embedded in a silicon nitride matrix were fabricated for fluid mechanics studies on the nanometer scale. Characterization by tracer diffusion and scanning electron microscopy suggests that the membrane is free of large voids. An upper limit to the diffusive flux of D2O of 2.4 × 10-8 mol/m2 s was determined, indicating extremely slow transport through the membranes. By contrast, hydrodynamic calculations of water flow across a nanotube membrane of similar specifications predict a much higher molar flux of 1.91 mol/m2 s, suggesting that the nanotubes used in the membrane have a “bamboo” morphology. The carbon nanotube membranes were then used to make nanoporous silicon nitride membranes, which were fabricated by sacrificial removal of the carbon. Nitrogen flow measurements on these structures give a membrane permeance of 4.7 × 10-4 mol/m2 s Pa at a pore density of 4 × 1010 cm-2. Using a Knudsen diffusion model, the average pore size of this membrane is estimated to be 66 nm, which agrees well with TEM observations of the multiwall carbon nanotube outer diameter. These membranes are a robust platform for the study of confined molecular transport, with applications in separations and chemical sensing.
[Factors influencing isolation and cloning of chicken primordial germ cells]. (2004)

Gonadal primordial germ cells (PGCs) were isolated from 4.5-7.5-day-old chicken embryos. Factors influencing isolation and cloning of chicken PGCs were analyzed in this study. The results attained were as follows: Chicken PGCs proliferated fast in presence of 10% FBS. At primary culture, PGCs were co-cultured with the gonadal stromal cells. For subculture the chicken PGCs were plated with mitotically inactive feeder layer cells. Further research found that the PMEF (primary mice embryonic fibroblast) feeder cells were the most suitable for the growth of PGCs. When the cell culture medium was supplemented with LIF, FGF, SCF and IGF-I, the chicken PGCs were in the best condition. The chicken PGCs were easier to clone when isolated from 5.5-day-old embryonic gonads. In addition, the proper digestion time was 40s when PGCs colonies were passaged.
Transcriptional monitoring of steady state and effects of anaerobic phases in chemostat cultures of the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei (2006)

This study demonstrates the usefulness of transcriptional analysis by TRAC in ensuring the quality of chemostat cultures prior to costly and laborious genome-wide analysis. In addition TRAC was shown to be an efficient tool in studying gene expression dynamics in transient conditions.
Treatment of Pituitary-Dependent Cushing’s Disease with the Multireceptor Ligand Somatostatin Analog Pasireotide (SOM230): A Multicenter, Phase II Trial (2008)

Pasireotide produced a decrease in UFC levels in 76% of patients with Cushing's disease during the treatment period of 15 d, with direct effects on ACTH release. These results suggest that pasireotide holds promise as an effective medical treatment for this disorder.
EFFECTS OF W/P RATIO AND LIMESTONE FILLER ON PERMEABILITY OF CEMENT PASTES (2016)

Because of environmental and economic benefits, a fraction of cement is increasingly
replaced by limestone fillers raising a question on to what extent limestone fillers affect the
durability of cementitious materials. This work aims at understanding the effects of
water/powder (w/p) ratio and limestone filler replacement on water permeability of cement
pastes. A newly proposed technique using a controlled constant flow concept was applied to
measure permeability of hardened cement paste samples following a factorial experimental
design. It was observed that both limestone filler and w/p ratio significantly influence the
water permeability. At a given w/p ratio, adding limestone filler made the microstructure
coarser, especially for high w/p ratio. Nevertheless, if the comparison is based on a given
water/cement (w/c) ratio instead of w/p ratio, the limestone filler replacement refined the
microstructure in terms of capillary porosity and pore size distribution, resulting in
permeability decreases of cement pastes. Furthermore, a modified Carmen-Kozeny relation
was established which enables prediction of the permeability from capillary porosity and the
critical pore diameter.
Increased Survival in Pancreatic Cancer with nab-Paclitaxel plus Gemcitabine (2013)

In patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma, nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine significantly improved overall survival, progression-free survival, and response rate, but rates of peripheral neuropathy and myelosuppression were increased. (Funded by Celgene; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00844649.).