gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient and sustained gene expression in primary T lymphocytes and primary and cultured tumor cells mediated by adeno-associated virus plasmid DNA complexed to cationic liposomes. (1994)

We have used cationic liposomes to facilitate adeno-associated virus (AAV) plasmid transfections of primary and cultured cell types. AAV plasmid DNA complexed with liposomes showed levels of expression several fold higher than those of complexes with standard plasmids. In addition, long-term expression (&gt; 30 days) of the gene, unlike the transient expression demonstrated by typical liposome-mediated transfection with standard plasmids, was observed. Southern analysis of chromosomal DNA further substantiated the hypothesis that the long-term expression was due to the presence of the transgene in the AAV plasmid-transfected group and not in the standard plasmid-transfected group. AAV plasmid-liposome complexes induced levels of transgene expression comparable to those obtained by recombinant AAV transduction. Primary breast, ovarian, and lung tumor cells were transfectable with the AAV plasmid DNA-liposome complexes. Transfected primary and cultured tumor cells were able to express transgene product even after lethal irradiation. High-level gene expression was also observed in freshly isolated CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells from normal human peripheral blood. Transfection efficiency ranged from 10 to 50% as assessed by intracellular interleukin-2 levels in interleukin-2-transfected cells. The ability to express transgenes in primary tumor and lymphoid cells may be applied toward tumor vaccine studies and protocols which may eventually permit highly specific modulation of the cellular immune response in cancer and AIDS.
Sex differences and serotonergic mechanisms in the behavioural effects of psilocin (2015)

Psilocybin has recently attracted a great deal of attention as a clinical research and therapeutic tool. The aim of this paper is to bridge two major knowledge gaps regarding its behavioural pharmacology - sex differences and the underlying receptor mechanisms. We used psilocin (0.25, 1 and 4 mg/kg), an active metabolite of psilocybin, in two behavioural paradigms - the open-field test and prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reaction. Sex differences were evaluated with respect to the phase of the female cycle. The contribution of serotonin receptors in the behavioural action was tested in male rats with selective serotonin receptor antagonists: 5-HT1A receptor antagonist (WAY100635 1 mg/kg), 5-HT2A receptor antagonist (MDL100907 0.5 mg/kg), 5-HT2B receptor antagonist (SB215505 1 mg/kg) and 5-HT2C receptor antagonist (SB242084 1 mg/kg). Psilocin induced dose-dependent inhibition of locomotion and suppression of normal behaviour in rats (behavioural serotonin syndrome, impaired PPI). The effects were more pronounced in male rats than in females. The inhibition of locomotion was normalized by 5-HT1A and 5-HT2B/C antagonists; however, PPI was not affected significantly by these antagonists. Our findings highlight an important issue of sex-specific reactions to psilocin and that apart from 5-HT2A-mediated effects 5-HT1A and 5-HT2C/B receptors also play an important role. These findings have implications for recent clinical trials.
Phase II Trial of Temozolomide in Patients With Progressive Low-Grade Glioma (2003)

Initial results indicate that Temodar may be active in the treatment of low-grade glioma, and thus, further evaluation of this agent in the treatment of these tumors is warranted.
Fiber Orientation in the Canine Left Ventricle during Diastole and Systole (1969)

Fiber orientation across the left ventricular myocardial wall has been studied. Specimens were obtained from 18 dog hearts rapidly fixed in situ in systole, in diastole, and in dilated diastole. Fiber orientation was determined across the free wall at eight sites from a T-shaped specimen by measurements with light microscopy in serial paraffin sections. Results indicate: (1) The wall has a well-ordered distribution of fiber angles varying from about 60° (from the circumferential direction) at the inner surface to about -60° on the outer surface. The greatest change in angle with respect to wall thickness occurs at the two surfaces (endocardial and epicardial). (2) Fiber angles did not change significantly during the transition from diastole to systole, despite a 28% increase in wall thickness (except in the papillary muscle root region). (3) The proportion of fibers lying in the sector of fiber angles oriented circumferentially (0±22.5°) to those oriented longitudinally (67.5 to 90° and -67.5 to -90°) is approximately 10:1. This ratio increases toward the base and diminishes toward the apex of the left ventricle. (4) All fiber angles in the lateral wall of hearts in systole increased through the wall by approximately 7° near the base and 19° near the apex relative to their counterparts in diastole, indicating bending or torsion of the left ventricle during contraction.
Synthesis of some 1,2,4-Triazino[4,3-a]- indole Derivatives (1991)

Chemistry Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, Cairo, Egypt <em>Manuscript received 10 May 1991, revised 26 September 1991, accepted 7 November 1991</em> Synthesis of some 1,2,4-Triazino[4,3-a]- indole Derivatives.
Inhibition of Helicobacter pylori binding to gastrointestinal epithelial cells by sialic acid-containing oligosaccharides (1997)

Helicobacterpylori, the ulcer pathogen residing in the human stomach, binds to epithelial cells of the gastric antrum. We have examined binding of 13 bacterial isolates to epithelial cell lines by use of a sensitive microtiter plate method in which measurement of bacterial urease activity provides the means for quantitation of bound organisms. Several established human gastrointestinal carcinoma cell lines grown as monolayers were compared for suitability in these assays, and the duodenum-derived cell line HuTu-80 was selected for testing bacterial binding inhibitors. When bacteria are pretreated with oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids, a complex picture of bacterial-epithelial adherence specificities emerges. Among the monovalent inhibitors tested, 3'-sialyllactose (NeuAc alpha2-3Gal beta1-4Glc; 3'SL) was the most active oligosaccharide, inhibiting adherence for recent clinical isolates of H. pylori with a millimolar 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50). Its alpha2-6 isomer (6'SL) was less active. Most of the recent clinical isolates examined were inhibited by sialyllactose, whereas long-passaged isolates were insensitive. Among the long-passaged bacterial strains whose binding was not inhibited by 3'SL was the strain ATCC 43504, also known as NCTC 11637 and CCUG 17874, in which the proposed sialyllactose adhesin was recently reported to lack surface expression (P. G. O'Toole, L. Janzon, P. Doig, J. Huang, M. Kostrzynska, and T. H. Trust, J. Bacteriol. 177:6049-6057, 1995). Pretreatment of the epithelial monolayer with neuraminidase reduced the extent of binding by those bacteria that are sensitive to inhibition by 3'SL. Other potent inhibitors of bacterial binding are the glycoproteins alpha1-acid glycoprotein, fetuin, porcine gastric and bovine submaxillary mucins, and the glycolipid sulfatide, all of which present multivalent sialylated and/or sulfated galactosyl residues under the conditions of the binding assay. Consistent with this pattern, a multivalent neoglycoconjugate containing 20 mol of 3'SL per mol of human serum albumin inhibited bacterial binding with micromolar IC50. The H. pylori isolate most sensitive to inhibition by 3'SL was least sensitive to inhibition by sulfatide, gastric mucin, and other sulfated oligosaccharides. Bacteria that have been allowed to bind epithelial cells are also effectively detached by 3'SL. These results describe a heterogeneous adherence repertoire for these bacteria, but they also confirm the critical role of the 3'SL structure on human gastric epithelial cells as an adherence ligand for recent isolates of H. pylori.
Molecular Mechanisms of Ligand-Mediated Attenuation of DNA Binding by MarR Family Transcriptional Regulators (2010)

Bacteria and archaea encode members of the large multiple antibiotic resistance regulator (MarR) family of transcriptional regulators. Generally, MarR homologs regulate activity of genes involved in antibiotic resistance, stress responses, virulence or catabolism of aromatic compounds. They constitute a diverse group of transcriptional regulators that includes both repressors and activators, and the conventional mode of regulation entails a genetic locus in which the MarR homolog and a gene under its regulation are encoded divergently; binding of the MarR homolog to the intergenic region typically represses transcription of both genes, while binding of a specific ligand to the transcription factor results in attenuated DNA binding and hence activated gene expression. For many homologs, the natural ligand is unknown. Crystal structures reveal a common architecture with a characteristic winged helix domain for DNA binding, and recent structural information of homologs solved both in the absence and presence of their respective ligands, as well as biochemical data, is finally converging to illuminate the mechanisms by which ligand-binding causes attenuated DNA binding. As MarR homologs regulate pathways that are critical to bacterial physiology, including virulence, a molecular understanding of mechanisms by which ligands affect a regulation of gene activity is essential. Specifying the position of ligand-binding pockets further has the potential to aid in identifying the ligands for MarR homologs for which the ligand remains unknown.
Effect of an oral stimulation program on sucking skill maturation of preterm infants (2005)

This study assessed the effect of an oral stimulation program on the maturation of sucking skills of preterm infants. Thirty-two preterm infants (13 males, 19 females), appropriate size for gestational age (gestational age at birth 28 wks, SD 1.2wks; birthweight 1002g, SD 251g), were randomly placed into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received a daily 15-minute oral stimulation program, consisting of stroking the peri- and intra-oral structures, for 10 days before the start of oral feedings. Sucking measures were monitored with a specially-designed nipple-bottle apparatus. Results indicate that the experimental group achieved full oral feedings 7 days sooner than the control group, and demonstrated greater overall intake (%), rate of milk transfer (mL/min), and amplitude of the expression component of sucking (mmHg). There was no difference in sucking stage maturation, sucking frequency, and amplitude of the suction component of sucking. Endurance, defined as ability to sustain the same sucking stage, sucking burst duration, and suction and expression amplitudes throughout a feeding session, was not significantly different between the two groups. The stimulation program enhanced the expression component of sucking, resulting in better oral feeding performance.
Brain Lesions, Obesity, and Other Disturbances in Mice Treated with Monosodium Glutamate (1969)

In newborn mice subcutaneous injectionis of monosodium glutamate induced acute neuronal necrosis in several regions of developing brain including the hypothanamus. As adults, treated animals showed stunted skeletal development, marked obesity, and female sterility. Pathological changes were also found in several organs associated with endocrine function. Studies of food consumption failed to demonstrate hyperphagia to explain the obesity. It is postulated that the aduls syndrome represents a multifacted nueroendocrine disturbance arising from the disruption of developing nueral centers concered in the mediation of endocrine function.
The heat shock paradox: does NF‐ κ B determine cell fate? (2001)

Cellular injury induces an adaptive response whether the insult is physical (e.g., heat, radiation), chemical (e.g., reactive oxygen species), infectious (e.g., bacteria), or inflammatory (e.g., lipopolysaccharide). Recent data indicate that the interactions of these responses are not predictable and that sequence permutations can have opposite effects on outcome after injury. Our overarching hypothesis is that interactions among stress responses contribute to the fate of cells, tissues, and organisms and that modulation of these interactions can have important affects on both function and survival. For example, whereas it is well known that a prior heat shock stress can protect cells against inflammatory stress both in vitro and in vivo, we and others have shown that induction of a subsequent heat stress in cells 'primed' by inflammation can precipitate cell death by apoptosis. We call this seemingly paradoxical ability of heat shock to induce cytoprotection and cytotoxicity the heat shock paradox. The molecular mechanisms by which cells integrate responses to these and other stresses are poorly understood. We present data linking the heat shock paradox to the activity of the acute-phase transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (identifying an 'NF-kappaB paradox') and hypothesize that the mechanism is linked to the downstream effects of induction of NF-kappaB's endogenous inhibitor, IkappaBalpha, a putative heat shock protein.
Small Efficient Hammerhead Ribozymes (2003)

The hammerhead ribozyme was discovered as a self-cleaving RNA molecule in certain plant viroids and satellite RNAs (). Shortly after its conserved features were defined (,), the hammerhead was shown to be able to act as a true enzyme, cleaving multiple substrates in a bimolecular reaction (). The self-cleaving hammerhead can be divided in a number of ways into two, or even three, separate strands (,). The most useful form has almost all of the conserved nucleotides on the ribozyme strand, leaving minimal sequence requirements in the substrate strand. To be cleavable the substrate must possess the sequence 5′ UH (H is C, U, or A), where cleavage occurs to the 3′ side of H () (Fig. 1). This particular configuration has been the paradigm for hammerhead ribozyme design since 1988. Here we describe variations on this basic design, with the constant theme being to minimize the size of the ribozyme. Open image in new window Fig. 1 Schematic representation of the hammerhead ribozyme in complex with its complementary substrate. The ribozyme forms helix I with its 5′ arm and the substrate, helix III with its 3′ arm and the substrate, and helix II and loop 2 with the nucleotides joining A9 and G12 In the ribozyme, all nucleotides, except for the conserved C3 to A9 and G12 to A15 1, may be either ribonucleotides or deoxyribonucleotides The site of cleavage in the substrate is shown by the downward arrow, 3′ to H17 (H = C, U or A)
Characterization of Anthocyanins from Ajuga pyramidalis Metallica Crispa Cell Cultures (1996)

The anthocyanins from Ajuga pyramidalis Metallica Crispa cell cultures were characterized by a combination of HPLC, chemical hydrolysis, MS, and 1H NMR. Chromatographic analysis of the in vivo and in vitro samples showed the same suite of anthocyanins and relative composition. Chemical hydrolysis and mass spectral analysis of the major pigment from suspension cultures showed the presence of cyanidin, three glucoses, two ferulic acids, and malonic acid. The structure of the major pigment in the suspension cultures was determined to be 3-O-(6-O(E)-ferulyl)-2-O-[(6-O(E)-ferulyl)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-5-O-(6-O-malonyl)-β-d-glucopyranosylcyanidin. The anthocyanins in the in vitro extract were more stable toward light compared to those in the in vivo extract. The initial degradation of the major pigment both from in vitro and in vivo sources was mainly due to demalonylation. Keywords: Ajuga; anthocyanins; cell culture; stability-anthocyanins
Redox Molecular Machines Involved in Tumor Progression (2012)

Definitely, redox machines have the potentiality to develop into novel biomarkers and related target therapies should attain the goal of personalized medicine in the fight against cancer.
Rapid Typing of Bordetella pertussis Pertussis Toxin Gene Variants by LightCycler Real-Time PCR and Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Hybridization Probe Melting Curve Analysis (2002)

A LightCycler real-time PCR hybridization probe assay was developed for rapid typing of gene variants of the Bordetella pertussis virulence factor pertussis toxin. The assay correctly identified the ptxS1 alleles of all strains tested, comprising 57 Finnish clinical isolates and 2 vaccine strains. The method is simple, reliable, and suitable for large-scale screening of B. pertussis strains.
A low-profile conical beam loop antenna with an electromagnetically coupled feed system (2000)

The radiation characteristics of a low-profile loop antenna are evaluated using the method of moments (MoM). The loop having a circumference of approximately two wavelengths is electromagnetically coupled to a bent Feed line and radiates a circularly polarized conical beam. The frequency bandwidth for a 3-dB axial ratio criterion is calculated to be approximately 0.5% for an antenna height of h=0.064 wavelengths. Over the same bandwidth, the input impedance is approximately 50 ohms and the gain is approximately 7 dB.
Embryogenesis and plant regeneration in Brassica napus anther cultures (1977)

Anthers of two cultivars of Brassica napus were cultured on a medium previously used for B. campestris but modified with the addition of 100 mg/ℓ L-serine. The frequency of embryogenic anthers obtained was about 1%. Transfer of anthers from a 10% to a 2% sucrose level after 1- and 2-week culture periods failed to increase the number of embryos obtained and did not result in the production of embryos capable of direct development into plantlets. Although most embryos obtained in this study lacked the ability to develop a shoot system, plants were recovered by inducing shoot formation on hypocotyl expiants cultured on a cytokinin-containing medium.A total of 31 plants were regenerated, 9 of which were examined cytologically and found to be diploid. triploid, or tetraploid. Evidence for the microspore origin of the plants was accumulated and possible mechanisms of diploidization and polyploidization were considered.
Histamine, a vasoactive agent with vascular disrupting potential, improves tumour response by enhancing local drug delivery (2006)

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-based isolated limb perfusion (ILP) is an approved and registered treatment for sarcomas confined to the limbs in Europe since 1998, with limb salvage indexes of 76%. TNF improves drug distribution in solid tumours and secondarily destroys the tumour-associated vasculature (TAV). Here we explore the synergistic antitumour effect of another vasoactive agent, histamine (Hi), in doxorubicin (DXR)-based ILP and evaluate its antivascular effects on TAV. We used our well-established rat ILP model for in vivo studies looking at tumour response, drug distribution and effects on tumour vessels. In vitro studies explored drug interactions at cellular level on tumour cells (BN-175) and Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). There was a 17% partial response and a 50% arrest in tumour growth when Hi was combined to DXR, without important side effects, against 100% progressive disease with DXR alone and 29% arrest in tumour growth for Hi alone. Histology documented an increased DXR leakage in tumour tissue combined to a destruction of the TAV, when Hi was added to the ILP. In vitro no synergy between the drugs was observed. In conclusion, Hi is a vasoactive drug, targeting primarily the TAV and synergises with different chemotherapeutic agents.
Challenges and experience in prototyping a multi-modal stream analytic and monitoring application on System S (2007)

In this paper, we describe the challenges of prototyping a reference application on System S, a distributed stream processing middleware under development at IBM Research. With a large number of stream PEs (Processing Elements) implementing various stream analytic algorithms, running on a large-scale, distributed cluster of nodes, and collaboratively digesting several multi-modal source streams with vastly differing rates, prototyping a reference application on System S faces many challenges. Specifically, we focus on our experience in prototyping DAC (Disaster Assistance Claim monitoring), a reference application dealing with multi-modal stream analytic and monitoring. We describe three critical challenges: (1) How do we generate correlated, multi-modal source streams for DAC? (2) How do we design and implement a comprehensive stream application, like DAC, from many divergent stream analytic PEs? (3) How do we deploy DAC in light of source streams with extremely different rates? We report our experience in addressing these challenges, including modeling a disaster claim processing center to generate correlated source streams, constructing the PE flow graph, utilizing programming supports from System S, adopting parallelism, and exploiting resource-adaptive computation. 1.
Anthraquinones Inhibit Tau Aggregation and Dissolve Alzheimer's Paired Helical Filaments in Vitro and in Cells (2004)

The abnormal aggregation of tau protein into paired helical filaments (PHFs) is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Aggregation takes place in the cytoplasm and could therefore be cytotoxic for neurons. To find inhibitors of PHF aggregation we screened a library of 200,000 compounds. The hits found in the PHF inhibition assay were also tested for their ability to dissolve preformed PHFs. The results were obtained using a thioflavin S fluorescence assay for the detection and quantification of tau aggregation in solution, a tryptophan fluorescence assay using tryptophan-containing mutants of tau, and confirmed by a pelleting assay and electron microscopy of the products. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of the approach with several compounds from the family of anthraquinones, including emodin, daunorubicin, adriamycin, and others. They were able to inhibit PHF formation with IC50 values of 1-5 microm and to disassemble preformed PHFs at DC50 values of 2-4 microm. The compounds had a similar activity for PHFs made from different tau isoforms and constructs. The compounds did not interfere with the stabilization of microtubules by tau. Tau-inducible neuroblastoma cells showed the formation of tau aggregates and concomitant cytotoxicity, which could be prevented by inhibitors. Thus, small molecule inhibitors could provide a basis for the development of tools for the treatment of tau pathology in AD and other tauopathies.
Developmental Potential of Mouse Follicular Epithelial Cells and Cumulus Cells After Nuclear Transfer1 (1999)

The developmental potential after nuclear transfer of mouse follicular epithelial cells cultured in vitro was examined. Follicular epithelial cells surrounding growing oocytes (type 5, diameter of oocytes, 62.6 +/- 5.9 microm; n = 14) were obtained from ovaries of adult mice. Before nuclear transfer, cells were cultured for several passages and subjected to serum starvation for several days. When the nuclear-transfer oocytes were at the 2-cell stage, serial nuclear transfer was performed. Additionally, cumulus cells surrounding ovulated oocytes were used as nuclear donors, with or without thermal stimulation (from -25 degrees C to 60 degrees C for 10 min) before nuclear transfer. Nuclear-transfer oocytes with follicular epithelial cells developed into blastocysts (34%) after serial nuclear transfer, and 4 living fetuses on Day 10.5 (25%, 16 transferred) and 1 dead fetus on Day 19.5 of pregnancy (3%, 30 transferred) were obtained after transfer to recipients. Although blastocysts (20%) were obtained after serial nuclear transfer of cumulus cells, only one implantation site without a fetus was observed on Day 10.5 of pregnancy. Thermal stimulation of cumulus cells before nuclear transfer did not enhance the ability to develop into fetuses or blastocysts.