gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An interference cancellation scheme for the multiuser TRDMA uplink system (2013)

The concept of Time Reversal Division Multiple Access (TRDMA) has recently been proposed as a promising medium access technology for the multi-user wireless broadband communications. Compared with the existing multi-carrier technology like OFDM/OFDMA, the TRDMA provides a cost-effective single-carrier alternative technology to combat the inter-symbol interference (ISI) for broadband communications, and at the same time leverages the degrees of freedom in a large number of multi-paths to form a unique high-resolution spatial focusing effect. Previous work on TRDMA mainly focus on the multi-user downlink system. In this paper, we first introduce a TRDMA-based multi-user uplink architecture and then propose a 2-dimensional (2D) parallel interference cancellation scheme to further enhance the system performance. The TRDMA uplink architecture keeps the cost of end-users at a minimum level, and reuses the processing power at the base station (BS) that has already been made available for the downlink. The proposed 2D parallel interference cancellation scheme utilizes the tentative decisions of detected symbols to effectively cancel the interference in both the time domain (i.e. ISI) and the user domain (i.e. inter-user interference (IUI)), which significantly improve the bit-errorrate performance in the high signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) regime. Simulation results are provided and compared with the basic TRDMA system without interference cancellation.
Differences in the nature of the interaction of insulin and proinsulin with zinc (1972)

1. The reversible interaction of zinc with pig insulin and proinsulin has been studied at pH7 by equilibrium dialysis (ultrafiltration) and by sedimentation equilibrium and velocity measurements in the ultracentrifuge. Binding values calculated from equilibria, where the ratio of free to bound zinc was varied in the range 0.01:1–10:1, indicated that proinsulin and insulin each contained two main orders of zinc binding with very different affinities for the metal. 2. In equilibria containing low concentrations of free zinc (free: bound ratios of 0.01–0.1:1) both insulin and proinsulin aggregated to form soluble hexamers containing firmly bound zinc (up to 0.284g-atom/monomer) with an apparent intrinsic association constant of 1.9×106m−1. 3. Higher concentrations of zinc (free: bound ratios of 0.1–10.0:1) resulted in a progressive difference in the zinc binding, aggregation and solubility properties of the metal complexes of insulin and proinsulin. At the highest concentration of free zinc, proinsulin bound a total of more than 5.0g-atom/monomer and aggregated to form a mixture of soluble polymers (mainly 5.1S). In contrast, insulin bound a total of only 1.0g-atom/monomer and was almost completely precipitated from solution. 4. These results would indicate that the presence of the peptide segment connecting the insulin moiety in proinsulin does not prevent the firm binding of zinc to the insulin moiety and the formation of hexamers of zinc–proinsulin. At the same time although the connecting peptide contains additional sites of lower affinity for zinc, which should facilitate inter- and intra-molecular cross-linking, the general conformation of the zinc–proinsulin hexamer must preclude the formation of very large and close-packed aggregates that are insoluble in solutions at equilibrium.
Real-time detection, control, and sorting of microfluidic droplets (2007)

We report the design and implementation of capacitive detection and control of microfluidic droplets in microfluidic devices. Integrated microfluidic chip(s) with detectioncontrol circuit enables us to monitor in situ the individual volume of droplets, ranging from nanoliter to picoliter, velocity and even composition, with an operation frequency of several kilohertz. Through electronic feedback, we are able to easily count, sort, and direct the microfluidic droplets. Potential applications of this approach can be employed in the areas of biomicrofluidic processing, microchemical reactions as well as digital microfluidics.
Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor with a sequence-specific hypoxia response element antagonist (2004)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors have been implicated as key factors in tumor angiogenesis that are up-regulated by hypoxia. We evaluated the effects of DNA-binding small molecules on hypoxia-inducible transcription of VEGF. A synthetic pyrrole-imidazole polyamide designed to bind the hypoxia response element (HRE) was found to disrupt hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) binding to HRE. In cultured HeLa cells, this resulted in a reduction of VEGF mRNA and secreted protein levels. The observed effects were polyamide-specific and dose-dependent. Analysis of genome-wide effects of the HRE-specific polyamide revealed that a number of hypoxia-inducible genes were down-regulated. Pathway-based regulation of hypoxia-inducible gene expression with DNA-binding small molecules may represent a new approach for targeting angiogenesis.
Novel recombinant adeno-associated viruses for Cre activated and inactivated transgene expression in neurons (2012)

Understanding the organization of the nervous system requires methods for dissecting the contributions of each component cell type to circuit function. One widely used approach combines genetic targeting of Cre recombinase to specific cell populations with infection of recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) whose transgene expression is activated by Cre ("Cre-On"). Distinguishing how the Cre-expressing neurons differ functionally from neighboring Cre-negative neurons requires rAAVs that are inactivated by Cre ("Cre-Off") and can be used in tandem with Cre-On viruses. Here we introduce two rAAV vectors that are inactivated by Cre and carry different fluorophore and optogenetic constructs. We demonstrate single and dual rAAV systems to achieve Cre-On and Cre-Off expression in spatially-intermingled cell populations of the striatum. Using these systems, we uncovered cryptic genomic interactions that occur between multiple Cre-sensitive rAAVs or between Cre-sensitive rAAVs and somatic Cre-conditional alleles and devised methods to avoid these interactions. Our data highlight both important experimental caveats associated with Cre-dependent rAAV use as well as opportunities for the development of improved rAAVs for gene delivery.
Receptor-Dependent Immune Responses in Pigs after Oral Immunization with F4 Fimbriae (1999)

F4 receptor-positive (F4R+) and F4 receptor-negative (F4R-) pigs were orally vaccinated with purified F4 fimbriae of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA responses were readily detected in F4R+ animals, whereas immune responses were not detected in F4R- animals. Even after a subsequent oral infection with virulent F4(+) ETEC and a booster immunization with F4, the F4R- animals remained F4 seronegative whereas the unvaccinated F4R+ pigs exhibited clear IgA and IgG responses. These results clearly demonstrate that F4Rs are a prerequisite for an immune response following oral immunization. Furthermore, indications that oral F4 vaccination can induce mucosal protection were obtained, since the experimental ETEC infection did not induce a systemic booster response or fecal ETEC excretion in orally vaccinated F4R+ pigs, in contrast to the clear immune response and ETEC excretion of unvaccinated F4R+ animals. F4-specific IgA antibodies could be found in the feces of the vaccinated F4R+ pigs. They are secreted at the intestinal mucosal surface and appear to prevent ETEC infection. The F4R-dependent induction of a mucosal immune response can be used as a model to better understand mucosal immunization and mucosal immune responses and can contribute to the development of oral vaccines in veterinary as well as in human medicine.
Pharmacophore Fingerprinting. 1. Application to QSAR and Focused Library Design (1999)

A new method of rapid pharmacophore fingerprinting (PharmPrint method) has been developed. A basis set of 10,549 three-point pharmacophores has been constructed by enumerating several distance ranges and pharmacophoric features. Software has been developed to assign pharmacophoric types to atoms in chemical structures, generate multiple conformations, and construct the binary fingerprint according to the pharmacophores that result. The fingerprint is used as a descriptor for developing a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model using partial least squares. An example is given using sets of ligands for the estrogen receptor (ER). The result is compared with previously published results on the same data to show the superiority of a full 3D, conformationally flexible approach. The QSAR model can be readily interpreted in structural/chemical terms. Further examples are given using binary activity data and some of our novel in-house compounds, which show the value of the model when crossing compound classes.
Secure surface identification codes (2008)

This paper introduces an identification framework for random microstructures of material surfaces. These microstructures represent a kind of unique fingerprints that can be used to track and trace an item as well as for anti-counterfeiting. We first consider the architecture for mobile phone-based item identification and then introduce a practical identification algorithm enabling fast searching in large databases. The proposed algorithm is based on reference list decoding. The link to digital communications and robust perceptual hashing is shown. We consider a practical construction of reference list decoding, which comprizes computational complexity, security, memory storage and performance requirements. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated on experimental data obtained from natural paper surfaces.
A binder-free sulfur/reduced graphene oxide aerogel as high performance electrode materials for lithium sulfur batteries (2016)

Societies' increasing need for energy storage makes it necessary to explore new concepts beyond the traditional lithium ion battery. A promising candidate is the lithium-sulfur technology with the potential to increase the energy density of the battery by a factor of 3-5. However, so far the many problems with the lithium-sulfur system have not been solved satisfactory. Here we report on a new approach utilizing a self-standing reduced graphene oxide based aerogel directly as electrodes, i.e. without further processing and without the addition of binder or conducting agents. We can thereby disrupt the common paradigm of "no battery without binder" and can pave the way to a lithium-sulfur battery with a high practical energy density. The aerogels are synthesized via a one-pot method and consist of more than 2/3 sulfur, contained inside a porous few-layered reduced graphene oxide matrix. By combining the graphene-based aerogel cathode with an electrolyte and a lithium metal anode, we demonstrate a lithium-sulfur cell with high areal capacity (more than 3 mAh/cm<sup>2</sup> after 75 cycles), excellent capacity retention over 200 cycles and good sulfur utilization. Based on this performance we estimate that the energy density of this concept-cell can significantly exceed the Department of Energy (DEO) 2020-target set for transport applications.
A general requirement for FcγRIIB co-engagement of agonistic anti-TNFR antibodies (2012)

Comment on: Li F, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2012; 109:10966-71.
Propeptide Does Not Act as an Intramolecular Chaperone but Facilitates Protein Disulfide Isomerase-Assisted Folding of a Conotoxin Precursor (2004)

Conotoxins comprise a large and diverse group of peptide neurotoxins derived from Conus snail venoms; most contain multiple disulfide bonds. The conotoxin precursors consist of three distinct domains: the N-terminal signal sequence, an intervening propeptide region, and the C-terminal mature conotoxin. Formation of the native disulfide bonds during the oxidative folding of conotoxins is a prerequisite for their proper biological function, but in numerous in vitro folding experiments with mature conotoxins, a lack of specificity in formation of the native Cys-Cys connectivities is observed. The mechanisms that ensure that the native disulfide bonds are formed in venom ducts during biosynthesis remain unknown. To evaluate whether the propeptide could potentially function as an intramolecular chaperone, we studied the oxidative folding of a conotoxin precursor, pro-GI, belonging to the alpha-conotoxin family. Our results indicate that the propeptide sequence did not directly contribute to folding kinetics and thermodynamics. However, we found that the propeptide region of pro-GI played an important role when oxidative folding was catalyzed by protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). The PDI-assisted reaction was more efficient during the early folding in the context of the propeptide sequence (pro-GI), as compared to that of the mature conotoxin (alpha-GI). Taken together, our results suggest for the first time that the propeptide region may play a role in the PDI-catalyzed oxidative folding of conotoxin precursors.
Chemical Synthesis of Escherichia Coli STh Analogues by Regioselective Disulfide Bond Formation:  Biological Evaluation of an 111In-DOTA−Phe19-STh Analogue for Specific Targeting of Human Colon Cancers (2002)

New human Escherichia coli heat-stable peptide (ST(h)) analogues containing a DOTA chelating group were synthesized by sequential and selective formation of disulfides bonds in the peptide. This synthetic approach utilizes three orthogonal thiol-protecting groups, Trt, Acm, and t-Bu, to form three disulfide bonds by successive reactions using 2-PDS, iodine, and silyl chloride-sulfoxide systems. The DOTA-ST(h) conjugates exhibiting high guanylin/guanylate cyclase-C (GC-C) receptor binding affinities were obtained with >98% purity. In vitro competitive binding assays, employing T-84 human colon cancer cells, demonstrated the IC(50) values of <2 nM for GC-C receptor binding suggesting that the new synthetic ST(h) analogues are biologically active. In vitro stability studies of the (111)In-DOTA-Phe(19)-ST(h) conjugate incubated in human serum at 37 degrees C under 5% CO(2) atmosphere revealed that this conjugate is extremely stable with no observable decomposition at 24 h postincubation. HPLC analysis of mouse urine at 1 h pi of the (111)In-DOTA-Phe(19)-ST(h) conjugate showed only about 15% decomposition suggesting that the (111)In-DOTA-Phe(19)-ST(h) conjugate is highly stable, even under in vivo conditions. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies of the (111)In-DOTA-Phe(19)-ST(h) conjugate in T-84 human colon cancer derived xenografts in SCID mice conducted at 1 h pi showed an initial tumor uptake of 2.04 +/- 0.30% ID/g at 1 h pi with efficient clearance from the blood pool (0.23 +/- 0.14% ID/g, 1 h pi) by excretion mainly through the renal/urinary pathway (95.8 +/- 0.2% ID, 1 h pi). High tumor/blood, tumor/muscle, and tumor/liver ratios of approximately 9:1, 68:1, and 26:1, respectively, were achieved at 1 h pi The specific in vitro and in vivo uptake of the radioactivity by human colonic cancer cells highlights the potential of radiometalated-DOTA-ST(h) conjugates as diagnostic/therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals.
Learning bias in neural networks and an approach to controlling its effect in monotonic classification (1993)

As a learning machine, a neural network using the backpropagation training algorithm is subject to learning bias. This results in unpredictability of boundary generation behavior in pattern recognition applications, especially in the case of small training sample size. It is suggested that in a large class of pattern recognition problems such as managerial and other problems possessing monotonicity properties, the effect of learning bias can be controlled by using multiarchitecture monotonic function neural networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
MeCP2 deficiency down-regulates specific nuclear proteins that could be partially recovered by valproic acid in vitro (2010)

MeCP2, the major causative factor of Rett syndrome and related phenotypes including autism, is a two-face nuclear modulator acting via transcriptional and chromatin remodeling mechanisms. This study investigated the expression of several nuclear proteins and their dependence on MeCP2 dose and presence of the Rett causative R306C mutation. To this end, we developed in vitro models representing MeCP2 deficiency induced by siRNAs, and cells expressing the R306C mutation. Using an extended antibody microarray validated by specific assays, revealed that MeCP2 dose was correlated with specific nuclear proteins profiles including the BRM/SNF2 component of SWI/SNF complex, PRMT1 methyl transferase and HDAC2. Furthermore, while exposing the MeCP2 knock-down system to therapeutic concentrations of valproic acid (VPA), a known HDACs inhibitor, we observed a partial restoration of MeCP2 expression levels. Exposure to VPA also increased the levels of BRM, as well as of BDNF, an important co-factor in MeCP2-mediated pathway. Our findings provide additional evidence of diverse mechanisms of MeCP2 function as transcriptional repressor and activator of specific genes. As it has been recently demonstrated that post-natal restoration of MeCP2 deficiency may reverse neurological defects in a mouse model of Rett syndrome, we suggest to study the restorative effect of HDAC inhibitors in MeCP2-deficient mouse model.
T cell receptor junctional regions and the MHC molecule affect the recognition of antigenic peptides by T cell clones. (1990)

Nine independent pigeon cytochrome c-specific T cell clones were analyzed by using a panel of antigenic peptide analogs presented in association with three allelic IE-encoded MHC glycoproteins. Eight of the T cell clones expressed a TCR composed of a unique alpha- and beta-chain amino acid sequence, and concordantly, each of these T cell clones exhibited a unique Ag specificity. This was true for several clones which differed only in TCR V-J junctional regions. Interestingly, for a given clone, the response to some of the peptide analogs depended to a large extent on the allelic form of the presenting MHC molecule. A simple interpretation of these data would suggest that certain positions of the peptide Ag are most important for Ag-MHC molecule interactions, and that these specific interactions can influence the antigenic epitope recognized by the TCR. We suggest that an antigenic peptide binds to an MHC glycoprotein in a distinct way, but may retain a measure of flexibility.
Association between Microdeletion and Microduplication at 16p11.2 and Autism (2008)

We have identified a novel, recurrent microdeletion and a reciprocal microduplication that carry substantial susceptibility to autism and appear to account for approximately 1% of cases. We did not identify other regions with similar aggregations of large de novo mutations.
Modulation by cAMP of a slowly activating potassium channel expressed in Xenopus oocytes (1992)

When expressed in the Xenopus oocyte, the minK protein induces a slowly activating voltage-dependent potassium current (Isk). We studied the modulation of this current by altering intracellular cAMP levels and found that the amplitude of Isk is dramatically increased by treatments that raise cAMP levels and decreased by agents that lower cAMP levels. Preinjection of a protein inhibitor of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase blocked the effects of increased cAMP levels. There were no changes in the voltage dependence or kinetics of Isk. Mutations that eliminate a potential phosphorylation site on the minK protein did not block the effects of activating the kinase. In addition, the membrane capacitance of the oocyte increased and decreased in parallel with Isk. Our results fit a mechanism in which channel proteins are selectively inserted into and removed from the plasma membrane in response to changes in kinase activity.
Embedded or Separate Hypertext Mark-up: is it an Issue? (1995)

Most hypertext systems used in the field embed some form of mark-up in each&#13;\nhyperdocument in order to represent the hypertext structure. Indeed, more generally, most&#13;\ndocument preparation systems use this approach. Hypertext researchers, on the other hand,&#13;\nsay that the structure of a hyperdocument should be separate from its content. This paper&#13;\ninvestigates whether the two approaches, embedded v. separate, are really at odds with one&#13;\nanother, and describes a technology for combining some of the benefits of both.
Research Progress on Paint Remover (2009)

Viewing from present situation,domestic paint remover still has some problems,for example,high toxicity, severe pollution,etc,fewer products with high quality,high technical content and high added value,remaining of paint remover components after paint removaled,which brings great inconvenience to next - step painting.Early in 1990s abroad,there had been reported on substitutes of chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent type paint remover,selection of nonvolatile ester and aromatic compounds was a hot spot of the researches.Meanwhile,the development of paint remover of emulsifier system had also witnessed a great progress.Therefore,environment - friendly high - efficiency water - based paint remover would become the development direction of the paint remover,high - grade paint remover with high scientific and technical content had a bright development prospect.
Requirement for Type 2 NO Synthase for IL-12 Signaling in Innate Immunity (1999)

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and type 2 NO synthase (NOS2) are crucial for defense against bacterial and parasitic pathogens, but their relationship in innate immunity is unknown. In the absence of NOS2 activity, IL-12 was unable to prevent spreading of Leishmania parasites, did not stimulate natural killer (NK) cells for cytotoxicity or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) release, and failed to activate Tyk2 kinase and to tyrosine phosphorylate Stat4 (the central signal transducer of IL-12) in NK cells. Activation of Tyk2 in NK cells by IFN-alpha/beta also required NOS2. Thus, NOS2-derived NO is a prerequisite for cytokine signaling and function in innate immunity.
Use of chromosomal integration in the establishment and expression of blaZ, a Staphylococcus aureus beta-lactamase gene, in Bacillus subtilis (1984)

With several different vectors, attempts were made to establish blaZ, a Staphylococcus aureus beta-lactamase gene, in Bacillus subtilis. Stable establishment of blaZ in B. subtilis was achieved by use of a vector that allowed the integration of a single copy of the gene into the chromosome of that host. blaZ was expressed in the heterologous host since B. subtilis strains carrying integrated blaZ produced beta-lactamase and were more resistant to ampicillin than was wild-type B. subtilis. blaZ was stably inherited in such strains, as no loss of the ability to produce beta-lactamase was observed after growth in nonselective liquid medium or on solid medium. In contrast, a blaZ-containing restriction fragment could not be established in B. subtilis with either pUB110- or pC194-based vectors. Similarly, a pC194-based shuttle vector (pGX318) containing the 5' end of blaZ (including the promoter and the coding region for the signal sequence and the first few amino acids of the mature protein) was unable to transform B. subtilis. Two derivatives of pGX318 that could be stably established in B. subtilis were isolated. The structures of these derivatives suggested that inactivation of the blaZ promoter was associated with the acquisition of the ability to be established.
Equilibria in solutions of ferrous ions and αα′-dipyridyl (1950)

J. H. Baxendale and P. George, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1950, 46, 55 DOI: 10.1039/TF9504600055