gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
(FAB12_2_002) Nga Paremata Maori: The Architecture of Maori Nationalism (2002)

Maori nationalism, and nationalistic architecture, comes in many different guises. There is the spiritual response, including the Pai Marire, Ringatu, Iharaira and Ratana movements, and architecture, which have been the subject of studies by Michael Linzey and Bill McKay amongst others.1 Myself and Ngarino Ellis have also discussed how Apirana Ngata and the School of Maori Arts and Crafts revived customary architecture on a national scale in the 1930s as a means by which to unite Maori for the secular purpose of land development. Less is known about the architecture of the two independent Maori parliamentary movements, that were established around 1880, and their precedents, which are the focus of this discussion, since there is little information about their appearance and use.
Dynamic Breast MR Imaging: Are Signal Intensity Time Course Data Useful for Differential Diagnosis of Enhancing Lesions? (1999)

The shape of the time-signal intensity curve is an important criterion in differentiating benign and malignant enhancing lesions in dynamic breast MR imaging. A type III time course is a strong indicator of malignancy and is independent of other criteria.
Long-Term Danazol Therapy in Autoimmune Thrombocytopenia: Unmaintained Remission and Age-Dependent Response in Women (1989)

Danazol is best suited for long-term medical management of autoimmune thrombocytopenia. It is well tolerated, and lasting, unmaintained remissions often occur after prolonged danazol administration. Age, sex, and the status of the spleen influence the responses. When danazol therapy is used, glucocorticoids can be substantially reduced in dosage or withdrawn. Danazol is a good alternative to splenectomy in elderly persons, especially in women.
Correction to Lancet Oncol 2016; 17: 248, 252 (2016)

Vale CL, Burdett S, Rydzewska LHM, et al. Addition of docetaxel or bisphosphonates to standard of care in men with localised or metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analyses of aggregate data. Lancet Oncol 2016; 17: 243–56—In the Results section, the third sentence of the second paragraph should read “In the three remaining trials,7,8,10 men aged 36–91 years (median 63–66 years) with a good performance status received androgen deprivation therapy-based treatments (standard of care) with or without docetaxel”.
Identification of Mycobacterial Species by Comparative Sequence Analysis of the RNA Polymerase Gene ( rpoB ) (1999)

For the differentiation and identification of mycobacterial species, the rpoB gene, encoding the beta subunit of RNA polymerase, was investigated. rpoB DNAs (342 bp) were amplified from 44 reference strains of mycobacteria and clinical isolates (107 strains) by PCR. The nucleotide sequences were directly determined (306 bp) and aligned by using the multiple alignment algorithm in the MegAlign package (DNASTAR) and the MEGA program. A phylogenetic tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining method. Comparative sequence analysis of rpoB DNAs provided the basis for species differentiation within the genus Mycobacterium. Slowly and rapidly growing groups of mycobacteria were clearly separated, and each mycobacterial species was differentiated as a distinct entity in the phylogenetic tree. Pathogenic Mycobacterium kansasii was easily differentiated from nonpathogenic M. gastri; this differentiation cannot be achieved by using 16S rRNA gene (rDNA) sequences. By being grouped into species-specific clusters with low-level sequence divergence among strains of the same species, all of the clinical isolates could be easily identified. These results suggest that comparative sequence analysis of amplified rpoB DNAs can be used efficiently to identify clinical isolates of mycobacteria in parallel with traditional culture methods and as a supplement to 16S rDNA gene analysis. Furthermore, in the case of M. tuberculosis, rifampin resistance can be simultaneously determined.
A packet network for BISDN applications (2003)

A description is given of a broadband packet network architecture suitable for evolving the existing public switching network into an all-fiber broadband network for integrated voice, data, and video applications. The architecture takes into account the needs for bit-rate flexibility, robustness to service evolution, and interoperability with the existing circuit-switched public network. Key features of the network include internally nonblocking broadband packet switches, integrated network transport, and simplified network-routing algorithms. The feasibility and the benefits of a broadband public network using packet technologies are shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Amphiphilic Resin-Supported Rhodium-Phosphine Catalysts for C-C Bond Forming Reactions in Water (2002)

Amphiphilic resin-supported rhodium-phosphine complexes were prepared on polystyrene-poly(ethylene glycol) graft co-polymer (1% DVB cross-linked) beads. The immobilized rhodium complexes exhibited high catalytic activity in water to promote hydroformylation of 1-alkenes, [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization of internal alkynes forming benzene rings, and 1,4-addition of arylboronic acids.
Subintimal wire position during angioplasty of a chronic total coronary occlusion: Detection and subsequent procedural guidance by intravascular ultrasound (1995)

We report a case of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging of a chronic total coronary artery occlusion angioplasty initially complicated by subintimal wire penetration. IVUS provided unique images of wire position and a "double-barrel" lumen that complemented angiographic data in initial diagnosis and in subsequent guidance of the procedure.
Distribution of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Different Human Tissues (2011)

5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) is a modified form of cytosine recently found in mammalians and is believed, like 5-methylcytosine, to also play an important role in switching genes on and off. By utilizing a newly developed 5-hmC immunoassay, we determined the abundance of 5-hmC in human tissues and compared 5-hmC states in normal colorectal tissue and cancerous colorectal tissue. Significant differences of 5-hmC content in different tissues were observed. The percentage of 5-hmC measured is high in brain, liver, kidney and colorectal tissues (0.40-0.65%), while it is relatively low in lung (0.18%) and very low in heart, breast, and placenta (0.05-0.06%). Abundance of 5-hmC in the cancerous colorectal tissues was significantly reduced (0.02-0.06%) compared to that in normal colorectal tissues (0.46-0.57%). Our results showed for the first time that 5-hmC distribution is tissue dependent in human tissues and its abundance could be changed in the diseased states such as colorectal cancer.
Determination of Receptor-Ligand Kinetic and Equilibrium Binding Constants using Surface Plasmon Resonance: Application to the lck SH2 Domain and Phosphotyrosyl Peptides (1995)

Experimental and computational methods were developed for surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements involving interactions between a solution-binding component and a surface-immobilized ligand. These protocols were used to distinguish differences in affinity between the SH2 domain of lck and phosphotyrosyl peptides. The surface-immobilized ligand was the phosphotyrosyl peptide EPQpYEEIPIA, which contains a consensus sequence (pYEEI) for binding lck SH2. In the kinetic experiment, SPR phenomena were measured during association and dissociation reactions for a series of glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-SH2 concentrations, generating a set of SPR curves. A global computational analysis using an A + B<==>AB model resulted in single set of parameter estimates and statistics. In an abbreviated format, an equilibrium experiment was designed so that equilibrium constants (Keq) could be determined rapidly and accurately. A competitive equilibrium assay was developed for GST-SH2 in which Keq values for a series of phosphotyrosyl peptides (derived from the pYEEI sequence) varied over 3 orders of magnitude. Interestingly, these results highlighted the significance of the +1 glutamate in providing high-affinity binding to the SH2 domain. For most drug discovery programs, these Keq determinations are a sufficient measure of potency for the primary screen, with koff and kon determined in a secondary assay. Thus, the application of these techniques to SPR binding phenomena should prove valuable in the discovery and design of receptor-ligand antagonists.
Protection of neonatal mice from group B streptococcal infection by maternal immunization with beta C protein (1992)

Group B streptococci (GBS) cause the majority of cases of neonatal sepsis and meningitis in the United States. Immunization of women of childbearing age is one strategy under consideration for the prevention of neonatal disease. The beta C protein, a 130-kDa antigen present in many clinical isolates of GBS, was purified from GBS by extraction into sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-containing buffer, preparative SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and electroelution. Purified beta C protein antigen (25 micrograms) with Freund's adjuvant was used to immunize rabbits. Rabbits developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers of > 1:1.6 x 10(6), and sera from immunized rabbits were administered to pregnant mice. Their neonatal pups were then challenged with a strain of GBS expressing beta C protein; 68% of these pups were protected by immune antiserum, whereas no controls were protected (P < 0.001). The immune serum (diluted 1:100) facilitated opsonophagocytic killing of GBS strains expressing the beta C protein but not those that do not express the antigen (mean log kill +/- standard deviation = 0.71 +/- 0.8 log10 CFU for beta+ strains and 0.09 +/- 0.2 for beta- strains; P = 0.02). In subsequent experiments, adult female mice were actively immunized with two doses of 2, 5, or 10 micrograms of beta C protein 2 months prior to mating. One- to two-day-old offspring of these dams were challenged with GBS and were protected in a dose-dependent manner, with 96% survival in the high-dose (10-micrograms) group and 20% survival in a sham-immunized control group (P < 0.001). Thus, active immunization of mice with the GBS beta C protein confers protection against lethal infection with beta+ GBS to their offspring.
Positive selection of candidate tumor-suppressor genes by subtractive hybridization. (1991)

A positive selection system designed to identify and recover candidate tumor-suppressor genes is described. The system compares mRNA expression of genes from normal and tumor-derived human mammary epithelial cells grown in a special medium that supports similar growth rates of the two cell types. mRNAs uniquely expressed in normal cells are recovered as cDNAs after subtraction with mRNA from tumor cells. Seven different clones, from 0.6 to 4.8 kilobases in transcript size and including both rare and abundunt transcripts, were recovered in the first 23 clones analyzed. Among the isolated clones were genes encoding the gap-junction protein connexin 26, two different keratins, and glutathione-S-transferase pi, as well as an unknown gene in the S100 family of small calcium-binding proteins. In principle, tumor-suppressor genes include two classes: class I, in which loss of function results from mutation or deletion of DNA and class II, in which loss of function is from a regulatory block to expression. A class II suppressor gene is assumed to be regulated by a different suppressor gene that lost its function by mutation or deletion. Both classes of tumor-suppressor genes may provide valuable proteins with clinical applications in cancer diagnosis or therapy. Class II suppressors may be especially useful because the normal genes are present and their reexpression may be inducible by drugs or other treatments.
[Causal therapy possibilities in HIV infections]. (1989)

By means of the replication cycle of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) some starting points for antiviral chemicals are outlined. Only azidothymidine is approved yet for treatment of AIDS patients. It restrains virus multiplication, improves the general immunologic situation, and in case of HIV encephalopathy it leads to marked clinical improvement. However, the indications of azidothymidine are limited by its unwanted side reactions. Seemingly the therapeutic effect is only a temporary one. Contagiosity of treated patients remains unaffected. Out of the bulk of chemicals now under investigation in laboratory and clinic those should have the best chance to be successful which interfere with protein products of the viral control genes.
Broadband solar absorption enhancement via periodic nanostructuring of electrodes (2013)

Solution processed colloidal quantum dot (CQD) solar cells have great potential for large area low-cost photovoltaics. However, light utilization remains low mainly due to the tradeoff between small carrier transport lengths and longer infrared photon absorption lengths. Here, we demonstrate a bottom-illuminated periodic nanostructured CQD solar cell that enhances broadband absorption without compromising charge extraction efficiency of the device. We use finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations to study the nanostructure for implementation in a realistic device and then build proof-of-concept nanostructured solar cells, which exhibit a broadband absorption enhancement over the wavelength range of λ = 600 to 1,100 nm, leading to a 31% improvement in overall short-circuit current density compared to a planar device containing an approximately equal volume of active material. Remarkably, the improved current density is achieved using a light-absorber volume less than half that typically used in the best planar devices.
Congenital Deficiency of Vitamin K-Dependent Coagulation Factors and Protein C (1984)

A 15-month-old girl from Coimbra (Portugal) had a history of numerous hemorrhagic episodes with multiple bruises, hematomas but not hemarthroses. On serial testing she showed deficiency of factors II, VII, IX, X and protein C. Malabsorption-induced vitamin K deficiency, liver disease or ingestion of a coumarin compound were excluded. An absence of detectable abnormalities was found among her relatives. Consanguinity was not present. The immunologic assay, immunoelectrophoresis or antibody neutralization, revealed much higher levels of these factors than the clotting assay. The non-physiological activator (Echis carinatus venom) produced higher levels of prothrombin activation than those detected by physiological activation. Two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis of the patient's plasma in calcium showed that prothrombin had the same mobility as acarboxyprothrombin. No significant response to large doses of intravenous vitamin K3 (6 mg) was observed. Transfusion of 120 ml of frozen fresh plasma led to an immediate increase in the procoagulant activities of vitamin K dependent protein, similar to that found after perfusion of plasma plus vitamin K3. The results obtained from this patient suggest a defect in the gammacarboxylation mechanism inside the hepatocyte.
Role of the phenylalanine B25 side chain in directing insulin interaction with its receptor. Steric and conformational effects. (1986)

To gain an understanding of the causes of decreased biological activity in insulins bearing amino acid substitutions at position B25 and the importance of the PheB25 side chain in directing hormone-receptor interactions, we have prepared a variety of insulin analogs and have studied both their interactions with isolated canine hepatocytes and their abilities to stimulate glucose oxidation by isolated rat adipocytes. The semisynthetic analogs fall into three structural classes: (a) analogs in which the COOH-terminal 5, 6, or 7 residues of the insulin B-chain have been deleted, but in which the COOH-terminal residue of the B-chain has been derivatized by alpha-carboxamidation; (b) analogs in which PheB25 has been replaced by unnatural aromatic or natural L-amino acids; and (c) analogs in which the COOH-terminal 5 residues of the insulin B-chain have been deleted and in which residue B25 has been replaced by selected alpha-carboxamidated amino acids. Our results showed that (a) insulin residues B26-B30 can be deleted without decrease in biological potency, whereas deletion of residues B25-B30 and B24-B30 causes a marked and cumulative decrease in potency; (b) replacement of PheB25 in insulin by Leu or Ser results in analogs with biological potency even less than that observed when residues B25-B30 are deleted; (c) the side chain bulk of naphthyl(1)-alanine or naphthyl(2)-alanine at position B25 is well tolerated during insulin interactions with receptor, whereas that of homophenylalanine is not; and (d) the decreased biological potency attending substitution of insulin PheB25 by Ala, Ser, Leu, or homophenylalanine is reversed, in part or in total, by deletion of COOH-terminal residues B26-B30. Additional experiments showed that the rate of dissociation of receptor-bound 125I-labeled insulin from isolated hepatocytes is enhanced by incubating cells with insulin or [naphthyl(2)-alanineB25]insulin, but not with analogs in which PheB25 is replaced by serine, leucine, or homophenylalanine; deletion of residues B26-B30, however, results in analogs that enhance the rate of dissociation of receptor-bound insulin in all cases studied. We conclude that (a) steric hindrance involving the COOH-terminal domain of the B chain plays a major role in directing the interaction of insulin with its receptor; (b) the initial negative effect of this domain is reversed upon the filling of a site reflecting interaction of the receptor and the beta-aromatic ring of the PheB25 side chain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Robotic Nucleic Acid Isolation Using a Magnetic Bead Resin and an Automated Liquid Handler for Biological Agent Simulants (2003)

The events that occurred following the mailing of Bacillus anthracis -laced envelopes through the postal system has highlighted the need to perform biological screening on large numbers of environmental samples. High-throughput screening that relies on integrated robotic systems to speed analysis has been undertaken to handle the surge in samples requiring testing in events involving weapons of mass destruction. These automated screening systems require DNA extraction methods capable of handling environmental samples that contain inhibitors and have target organisms at low concentrations. This study describes the development of a method for the detection of the biological warfare agent simulants Erwinia herbicola and Bacillus subtilis var. niger spores using paramagnetic bead-based resin with an automated liquid handler and environmental samples.
Iteration: Grenzwert einer Reihe (1) (1992)

Sie haben z. B. in die Zelle Al die Formel „=1 + Al/2“ eingegeben und wollen sich den Grenzwert dieser (geometrischen) Reihe errechnen lassen.
Analysis of promoter activity and 5′ genomic structure of the neural cell adhesion molecule L1 (1992)

To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of expression of the neural cell adhesion molecule L1 and into the exon-intron structure of the L1 gene, a genomic clone from the mouse was characterized. The clone was identified by screening an EMBL3 library with an L1-specific cDNA probe and comprises approximately 15 kb, in which the first 2,206 nucleotides of the coding region are included. Of the 5 of 6 immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains sequenced, all are encoded by 2 exons, with the first exon being smaller than the second. The exon encoding the signal peptide is separated from a mini-exon containing 15 bp by a large intron, approximately 2.6 kb in length, whereas the other introns are smaller, with the coding information for the Ig-like domains 3-5 clustered in a 1,643-bp-long fragment with introns only 110-217 bp in length. The 5' upstream region of the clone comprises 5 kb, with the first 112 bp lying upstream to the coding sequence and containing a start site for transcription. No consensus sequence for a TATA box was found. Consensus DNA sequences for the binding of the gene products of Hox 1.3, engrailed and bicoid, are localized upstream to the transcription start site. A 1,262-bp fragment containing part of the first exon showed promoter activity in neuroblastoma cells, but hardly in L cells and not in CHO cells, indicating that this fragment is sufficient for neural cell directed promoter activity.
Purification of scatter factor, a fibroblast-derived basic protein that modulates epithelial interactions and movement. (1989)

Scatter factor is a fibroblast-derived protein that causes separation of contiguous epithelial cells and increased local mobility of unanchored cells. Highly purified scatter factor has been obtained by a combination of ion-exchange and reverse-phase chromatography from serum-free medium conditioned by a ras-transformed clone (D4) of mouse NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Under nonreducing conditions scatter factor has a pI of approximately 9.5 and migrates in SDS/polyacrylamide gels as a single band at approximately 62 kDa from which epithelial scatter activity can be recovered. Treatment with reducing agents destroys biological activity and is associated with the appearance of two major bands at approximately 57 and approximately 30 kDa. Whether both the 57-kDa and 30-kDa polypeptides are required for biological activity remains to be established. All the activities observed in crude medium conditioned by cells producing scatter factor are retained by highly purified preparations of scatter factor. These include (i) increased local movement, modulation of morphology, and inhibition of junction formation by single epithelial cells and (ii) disruption of epithelial interactions and cell scattering from preformed epithelial sheets. These changes occur with picomolar concentrations of purified scatter factor and without an effect on cell growth.
Constructing DNA by polymerase recombination (1990)

Polymerase-mediated recombination based on DNA polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) has been used to carry out directed joining at a present point of two DNA fragments initially contained in a plasmid and a single-stranded synthetic DNA. The process includes copying of these fragments by PCR with generation of an overlapping homologous region. Such overlap of 12 base pairs in length was found to be sufficient to provide further DNA joining also by use of PCR.
An oligomer complementary to c-myc mRNA inhibits proliferation of HL-60 promyelocytic cells and induces differentiation. (1988)

To study the role of a nuclear proto-oncogene in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation, we inhibited HL-60 c-myc expression with a complementary antisense oligomer. This oligomer was stable in culture and entered cells, forming an intracellular duplex. Incubation of cells with the anti-myc oligomer decreased the steady-state levels of c-myc protein by 50 to 80%, whereas a control oligomer did not significantly affect the c-myc protein concentration. Direct inhibition of c-myc expression with the anti-myc oligomer was associated with a decreased cell growth rate and an induction of myeloid differentiation. Related antisense oligomers with 2- to 12-base-pair mismatches with c-myc mRNA did not influence HL-60 cells. Thus, the effects of the antisense oligomer exhibited sequence specificity, and furthermore, these effects could be reversed by hybridization competition with another complementary oligomer. Antisense inhibition of a nuclear proto-oncogene apparently bypasses cell surface events in affecting cell proliferation and differentiation.