gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functionalized multiarm poly(ϵ‐caprolactone)s: Synthesis, structure analysis, and network formation (2002)

Abstract The purpose of this research was to synthesize and characterize a novel class of four‐arm, star‐shape biodegradable polymers having double‐bond functionality as a precursor for free‐radical polymerization, with unsaturated monomers or macromers or photocrosslinking for network formation. The synthesis involved two basic steps. First, hydroxyl‐functionalized four‐arm poly(ϵ‐caprolactone)s (PPCL‐OH) were synthesized by the ring‐opening polymerization of ϵ‐caprolactone in the presence of pentaerythritol and stannous octoate. Second, double‐bond–functionalized four‐arm poly(ϵ‐caprolactone)s (PPCL‐Ma) were synthesized by reacting PPCL‐OH with maleic anhydride in the melt at 130°C. Quantitative conversion of hydroxyl functionality in PPCL‐OH to double‐bond functionality was achieved for low molecular weight PPCL‐OH. Both the PPCL‐OH and the PPCL‐Ma were characterized by FTIR, 1 H‐NMR, 13 C‐NMR, SEC, and DSC. The capability of the double‐bond–functionalized four‐arm poly(ϵ‐caprolactone)s (PPCL‐Ma) to form network structures was preliminarily shown by photocrosslinking PPCL‐Ma. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2296–2306, 2002
Evaluation of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay in Thai Scrub Typhus Patients (1997)

We report the development of an improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect Orientia (formerly Rickettsia) tsutsugamushi antibody in human sera. Results were compared with a standard test, the indirect immunoperoxidase assay (IIP). Control serum samples were collected from 96 American soldiers and 198 Royal Thai Army soldiers with no recent history of clinical illness. Sera were examined from 79 febrile, Thai scrub typhus patients presenting at Chiang Rai (76) and Bangkraui Nontaburi (3) Provincial hospitals (cases confirmed by elevated IIP IgG levels > or = 1:1,600, IgM levels > or = 1:400, or presence of an eschar). The mean + 2 SD, used for the upper limit of normal reactions in the IgG ELISA, was 0.10 for U.S. soldiers and 0.42 for Thai soldiers. Using the 0.10 cutoff value, 29% of the asymptomatic Thai soldiers would be designated as antibody positive. Variability of IgG ELISA values was greater in the Thai soldier group than in American soldiers, possibly reflecting previous exposure to O. tsutsugamushi. In the Thai patients, there was a significant correlation between IIP titers and single serum dilution (1:100) ELISA values (IgG, r = 0.75, n = 104; P < 0.0005; IgM, r = 0.70, n = 75; P < 0.0005) and between IIP titers and ELISA titers (IgG, r = 0.87, n = 103; P < 0.0005; IgM, r = 0.76, n = 75; P < 0.0005). The single serum dilution ELISA was as effective as the titration in determining presence of specific antibodies. The O. tsutsugamushi ELISA is a rapid and objective test amenable to accurately testing the large numbers of sera often obtained in seroepidemiologic investigations.
Development of Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation and Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Mast Cell–deficient Mice (1997)

Mast cells are the main effector cells of immediate hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis. Their role in the development of allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is controversial and based on indirect evidence. To address these issues, mast cell-deficient mice (W/W v) and their congenic littermates were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) by intraperitoneal injection and subsequently challenged with OVA via the airways. Comparison of OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in the serum and numbers of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or lung digests showed no differences between the two groups of mice. Further, measurements of airway resistance and dynamic compliance at baseline and after inhalation of methacholine were similar. These data indicate that mast cells or IgE-mast cell activation is not required for the development of eosinophilic inflammation and AHR in mice sensitized to allergen via the intraperitoneal route and challenged via the airways.
Clinical Study on the Efficacy of O-(β-Hydroxyethyl) Rutoside (HR) in Varicosis of Pregnancy (1975)

In a double-blind trial involving 69 patients, the effect of O-(beta-hydroxyethyl) rutoside (HR)* in the treatment of varicosis of pregnancy has been investigated. The number of patients subjectively improving in the active drug group was significantly greater than in the placebo group; patients receiving HR also showed a small but significant decrease in leg circumference. Throughout the eight-week period of the trial, there were only minimal side-effects and healthy babies were delivered with good Apgar-scores.
Asexual development of Cryptosporidium parvum within a differentiated human enterocyte cell line (1991)

Unremitting diarrhea with malabsorption is associated with Cryptosporidium parvum infection of the small intestine in patients with AIDS. The lack of a well-defined in vitro model of C. parvum infection has severely hampered research into the biology of cryptosporidial invasion of the host epithelial cell and development of new pharmacologic and immunologic therapies. The adherent human intestinal epithelial cell line HT29 when grown in glucose-free medium develops morphologic and functional characteristics of the small intestine enterocyte and was used to develop an in vitro model of infection. Cryptosporidium oocysts obtained from AIDS patients were applied to a monolayer of cloned, differentiated HT29.74 cells. Cells were fixed and stained to estimate the degree of parasite infection. Schizonts were easily distinguished from the host cell by light microscopy. Twenty-four hours after 10(5) oocysts were added to approximately 10(6) HT29.74 cells, Cryptosporidium infection rates varied from 50 to 120 schizonts per 1,000 cells. Among 14 different experiments, the mean infection rate was 91 (+/- 18) schizonts per 1,000 cells. Electron microscopy at 6 and 24 h confirmed intracellular localization and development of schizonts. The morphologic features of the cryptosporidial schizonts within HT29.74 cells, which included the presence of a dense band and feeder layer, were identical to those described during cryptosporidial infection of human enterocytes in patients with AIDS. Fewer schizonts were observed at 5 days and beyond. Infection of differentiated HT29.74 cells (62 and 65 schizonts per 1,000 cells at 24 and 72 h, respectively) was over five times more efficient than infection of undifferentiated HT29.74 cells (9 and 5 schizonts per 1,000 cells at 24 and 72 h, respectively). In vitro infection of differentiated HT29.74 cells will allow a better understanding of the mechanisms by which C. parvum infects the small intestinal epithelium and will allow a systematic evaluation of new therapeutic agents.
Complex allotypes of the rabbit immnunoglobulin kappa light chains are encoded by structural alleies (1984)

We have isolated the rabbit immunoglobulin b9 Ck light chain gene and compared its nucleotide sequence with the b4, b4var , b5 and bas Ck sequences. In spite of the high number of substitutions found between the different rabbit Ck coding regions, only very few changes are silent. Furthermore, the nucleotide changes are clustered in segments which correlate with the bends and helical regions found in the tertiary structure of the Ck domain of the protein. The flanking regions present a higher degree of conservation than the coding regions. The two genomic EcoRI fragments hybridizing to a b4cDNA probe have been correlated with the two distinct loci, Ck1 and Ck2 : one encodes for the nominal b9 Ck allotype and the other contains the information for the bas Ck region. The b allotypes are true alleles which could have evolved by intergenic conversion.
Glomectomy in carotid sinus syncope. (1988)

Carotid sinus hypersensitivity (CSH) is a common cause of syncope, and permanent pacemarker is unequivocally indicated in such patients. From 37 patients with spontaneous syncope, in 10 (mean age 60 years), CSH was confirmed by carotid sinus massage: cardioinhibitor CSH, 6 patients (asystole greater than 3 sec), cardioinhibitor and vasodepressor CSH, 4 patients (asystole greater than 3 sec, and decrease of systolic blood pressure by more than 30 mmHg). The sick sinus syndrome was excluded by electrophysiologic studies performed after autonomic blockade (atropine, 0.04 mg/kg, and propranolol 0.2 mg/kg): heart rate at rest (60.1 +/- 3.1 bpm); corrected intrinsic sinus node recovery time (29.5 +/- 92.8 ms); intrinsic sinoatrial conduction time (96.2 +/- 30.7 ms). No atrioventricular conduction disturbances occurred during atrial pacing up to 160 beats/min. Surgical removal of carotid glomus (glomectomy) was performed according to Nakayama's technique for bronchial asthma: right side 7 patients, left side 2 patients, both sides one patient. Postoperative follow-up from fourteen to forty-four months (mean 28 months), demonstrated excellent results. All but one patient remained asymptomatic. The heart rate at rest, autonomic chronotropy, and exercise tolerance improved significantly (p less than 0.001). Thus glomectomy appears to be the treatment of choice in selected patients with CSH and syncope.
NH2-terminal BH4 Domain of Bcl-2 Is Functional for Heterodimerization with Bax and Inhibition of Apoptosis (1999)

The Bcl-2 family proteins comprise pro-apoptotic as well as anti-apoptotic members. Heterodimerization between members of the Bcl-2 family proteins is a key event in the regulation of apoptosis. We report here that Bcl-2 protein was selectively cleaved by active caspase-3-like proteases in CTLL-2 cell apoptosis in response to interleukin-2 deprivation. Structural and functional analyses of the cleaved fragment revealed that the NH2-terminal region of Bcl-2 (1-34 amid acids) was required for its anti-apoptotic activity and heterodimerization with pro-apoptotic Bax protein. Site-directed mutagenesis of the NH2-terminal region showed that substitutions of hydrophobic residues of BH4 domain resulted in the loss of ability to form a heterodimer with Bax. Particularly instructive was that the V15E mutant of Bcl-2, which completely lost the ability to form a heterodimer with Bax, failed to inhibit Bax- and staurosporine-induced apoptosis. Our results suggest that the BH4 domain of Bcl-2 is critical for its heterodimerization with Bax and for exhibiting anti-apoptotic activity. Therefore, agents interferring with the critical residues of the BH4 domain may provide a new strategy in cancer therapy by impairing Bcl-2 function.
High power flashlamps in dermatology (1993)

Tattoo removal has long been a vexing problem. Although many methods have been involved, most of them are destructive and frequently cause scarring. However Q-switched ruby lasers have been successfully used to remove blue and black tattoos without the usual risks of textural change or scarring (Reid et al 1983). The major difference between this method and the others is that radiation from this laser induces preferential injury to cells containing tattoo pigment only. A major disadvantage of this method is the very high cost of the equipment, and in additional the red tattoos do not respond to red ruby light. This thesis investigates using a high power density xenon flashlamp for the removal of tattoos. The proposed method is based on the same principle as the Q-switched ruby laser, but has potential to remove various coloured tattoos, and to cost rather less than one tenth of the cost of a Q-switched ruby laser. In this thesis the spectral match between absorption of tattoo dyes and radiation of xenon flashlamp has been analysed. I suggest suitable treatment parameters for removal of tattoo using selective photothermolysis after calculation base on some histological studies. The theory of the xenon flashlamp system was analysed in order to design a flashlamp system, and some experimental trials on different pulse durations and brightness were carried out. I report on preliminary clinical trials on a volunteer's tattoos, using different pulse length and energy densities produced by various xenon flashlamps. The overall findings given by our preliminary experiments confirm that a xenon flashlamp with an appropriate energy density and pulse duration can selectively induce responses in a tattooed area by the mechanism of selective photothermolysis. These clinical trials suggest that an energy density of 8 J cm-² is probably the useful treatment threshold for 100 μs pulses.
Crystal Structure of the Human Laminin Receptor Precursor (2007)

The human laminin receptor (LamR) interacts with many ligands, including laminin, prions, Sindbis virus, and the polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and has been implicated in a number of diseases. LamR is overexpressed on tumor cells, and targeting LamR elicits anti-cancer effects. Here, we report the crystal structure of human LamR, which provides insights into its function and should facilitate the design of novel therapeutics targeting LamR.
Misguided Transcriptional Elongation Causes Mixed Lineage Leukemia (2009)

Fusion proteins composed of the histone methyltransferase mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) and a variety of unrelated fusion partners are highly leukemogenic. Despite their prevalence, particularly in pediatric acute leukemia, many molecular details of their transforming mechanism are unknown. Here, we provide mechanistic insight into the function of MLL fusions, demonstrating that they capture a transcriptional elongation complex that has been previously found associated with the eleven-nineteen leukemia protein (ENL). We show that this complex consists of a tight core stabilized by recursive protein-protein interactions. This central part integrates histone H3 lysine 79 methylation, RNA Polymerase II (RNA Pol II) phosphorylation, and MLL fusion partners to stimulate transcriptional elongation as evidenced by RNA tethering assays. Coimmunoprecipitations indicated that MLL fusions are incorporated into this complex, causing a constitutive recruitment of elongation activity to MLL target loci. Chromatin immunoprecipitations (ChIP) of the homeobox gene A cluster confirmed a close relationship between binding of MLL fusions and transcript levels. A time-resolved ChIP utilizing a conditional MLL fusion singled out H3K79 methylation as the primary parameter correlated with target expression. The presence of MLL fusion proteins also kept RNA Pol II in an actively elongating state and prevented accumulation of inhibitory histone methylation on target chromatin. Hox loci remained open and productive in the presence of MLL fusion activity even under conditions of forced differentiation. Finally, MLL-transformed cells were particularly sensitive to pharmacological inhibition of RNA Pol II phosphorylation, pointing to a potential treatment for MLL. In summary, we show aberrant transcriptional elongation as a novel mechanism for oncogenic transformation.
COPLINK center: information and knowledge management for law enforcement (2004)

As part of nationwide, ongoing digital government initiatives, COPLINK [Chen et al. 2002, Chen et al. 2003, Hauck et al. 2002] is an integrated information and knowledge management environment aimed at meeting some of the challenges faced by the law enforcement community. Funded by the National Institute of Justice and the National Science Foundation, a prototype for COPLINK was initially developed at the University of Arizona's Artificial Intelligence Lab in collaboration with the Tucson Police Department (TPD) and Phoenix Police Department (PPD). COPLINK was developed into a product by Knowledge Computing Corporation (KCC) and deployed in approximately one hundred law enforcement agencies nationwide [see for example The Los Angeles Daily News Dec. 6, 2003 and Anchorage Daily News Nov. 23, 2003].
The Complexity of Dance in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream (2015)

In Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream , dance operates as a vehicle for interaction and transformation. In exhibiting these complex behavioural patterns, dance falls under the purview of complexity theory, which is interested in how systems are created and changed through the interaction of their parts. The aim of this essay is to use the lens of complexity theory to reconsider the role of dance in three key passages of William Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream . This analysis will demonstrate that the dances of the play function as an alternative model of network interactions or politicised discourses used to explore the negotiation of tensions, and to communicate between and across different systems within the play’s narrative
Electrical and optical properties of self-assembled InAs quantum dots in InP studied by space-charge spectroscopy and photoluminescence (2000)

In this paper, we report on a detailed investigation using junction space-charge techniques and photoluminescence of InAs quantum dots embedded in an InP matrix. From measurements of thermal emission rates we have determined the ground-state energy of electrons and holes bound to the InAs dots. In contrast to other dot systems the holes are found to be more strongly confined than the electrons. Corresponding optical emission rates have been measured for holes and the photoionization is found to be well described by a photothermal excitation process similar to what has previously been observed for deep impurities. Furthermore, we have performed photoluminescence measurements revealing excited hole states with energies in good agreement with theory.
Detection and modeling of buildings from multiple aerial images (2001)

Automatic detection and description of cultural features, such as buildings, from aerial images is becoming increasingly important for a number of applications. This task also offers an excellent domain for studying the general problems of scene segmentation, 3D inference, and shape description under highly challenging conditions. We describe a system that detects and constructs 3D models for rectilinear buildings with either flat or symmetric gable roofs from multiple aerial images; the multiple images, however, need not be stereo pairs (i.e., they may be acquired at different times). Hypotheses for rectangular roof components are generated by grouping lines in the images hierarchically; the hypotheses are verified by searching for presence of predicted walls and shadows. The hypothesis generation process combines the tasks of hierarchical grouping with matching at successive stages. Overlap and containment relations between 3D structures are analyzed to resolve conflicts. This system has been tested on a large number of real examples with good results, some of which are included in the paper along with their evaluations.
The seismic method in the search for oil and gas: Current techniques and future developments (1986)

This paper gives a review of current seismic techniques and future developments, with an emphasis on the to-day's key issue: seismic inversion (deconvolution and migration). The introduction starts with a summary of acoustical echo-techniques and a description of typical features of the seismic industry. The close relationship, particularly with respect to the underlying theory, in the large variety of applications is emphasized. The widely used statistical model of a single seismic trace (time series related to one source/detector position) is introduced and the one-dimensional inversion techniques "seismic deconvolution" and "parametric trace inversion" are discussed. It is shown that for accurate deconvolution results the seismic time wavelet (source signal plus propagation influences) should be accurately known. It is also argued that if deterministic information of the sub-surface reflectivity is known (geologic information), then parametric trace inversion is the way to go. The one-dimensional discussion is finalized with a number of practical recommendations. The multidimensional model of seismic data is introduced with the aid of wave theory. A distinction is made between "one-way" and "two-way" models. It is shown that unlike two-way models, one-way models neglect multiple scattering along the depth coordinate. The multidimensional inversion techniques "seismic migration" and "inverse scattering" are discussed. It is shown that migration techniques aim for zero-offset reflectivity or acoustic impedance, in inverse scattering techniques separate estimates of velocity and density are computed. The underlying equations are given and the close correspondence is pointed out. The importance of the specification of macro subsurface models (propagation models) in any multidimensional seismic inversion technique is emphasized. Finally, a summary is given on the most important future developments in the seismic industry. For the reader, who is not familiar with the seismic method, it is recommended to start with the Appendix.
Immunoprecipitation of alpha 2a-adrenergic receptor-GTP-binding protein complexes using GTP-binding protein selective antisera. Changes in receptor/GTP-binding protein interaction following agonist binding. (1992)

The nature of the interaction of cloned alpha 2a-adrenergic receptors from LLC-PK1-O clone cells with G proteins was investigated using an immunoprecipitation approach. Following solubilization of the alpha 2a receptors, antiserum 8730, which is directed against the C-terminal region of Gi alpha, immunoprecipitated alpha 2a receptor-Gi alpha complexes. The immunoprecipitation was specific since it could be blocked by the peptide to which antiserum 8730 was generated. Antisera 3646 (anti-Gi alpha 1), 1521 (anti-Gi alpha 2), and 1518 (anti-Gi alpha 3) immunoprecipitated solubilized alpha 2a receptor-Gi alpha complexes, indicating that all three Gi alpha subtypes couple with the alpha 2a receptor. Antiserum 9072, which is directed against the C-terminal region of G(o)alpha, immunoprecipitated solubilized alpha 2a receptor-G alpha complexes indicating that these receptors are also coupled to G(o)alpha. Antiserum 8132, which is directed against G beta 36, immunoprecipitated solubilized alpha 2a receptors while the G beta 35 antiserum 8129, did not, indicating that alpha 2a receptors selectively associate with G beta 36. The binding of the partial agonist p-aminoclonidine to the solubilized alpha 2a receptor alters the association of the receptor with G proteins. Following p-aminoclonidine binding to the solubilized alpha 2a receptor, the ability of the C-terminal directed G alpha antisera 8730 and 9072 to coimmunoprecipitate the alpha 2a receptor-G alpha complex was greatly reduced. The effect of p-aminoclonidine was concentration dependent, mimicked by the full agonist UK 14304 and blocked by the alpha 2 receptor antagonist yohimbine. In contrast, antisera directed against internal regions of Gi alpha and G(o)alpha, immunoprecipitated the agonist-bound and agonist-free alpha 2a receptor equally well. These findings indicate that following the binding of agonists to the alpha 2a receptor, Gi alpha and G(o)alpha remain physically associated with the receptor but either the conformation of G alpha linked to the receptor or the conformation of the receptor itself is modified such that the epitope for the C-terminal directed anti-Gi alpha and anti-G(o)alpha antisera are not accessible. These agonist-induced conformational changes in the alpha 2a receptor-G alpha complex may be important for the activation of the G protein and the stimulation of the alpha 2a receptor signal transduction pathway.