gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Precise Power Delay Profiling with Commodity WiFi (2015)

Power delay profiles characterize multipath channel features, which are widely used in motion- or localization-based applications. Recent studies show that the power delay profile may be derived from the CSI traces collected from commodity WiFi devices, but the performance is limited by two dominating factors. The resolution of the derived power delay profile is determined by the channel bandwidth, which is however limited on commodity WiFi. The collected CSI reflects the signal distortions due to both the channel attenuation and the hardware imperfection. A direct derivation of power delay profiles using raw CSI measures, as has been done in the literature, results in significant inaccuracy. In this paper, we present Splicer, a software-based system that derives high-resolution power delay profiles by splicing the CSI measurements from multiple WiFi frequency bands. We propose a set of key techniques to separate the mixed hardware errors from the collected CSI measurements. Splicer adapts its computations within stringent channel coherence time and thus can perform well in presence of mobility. Our experiments with commodity WiFi NICs show that Splicer substantially improves the accuracy in profiling multipath characteristics, reducing the errors of multipath distance estimation to be less than $2m$. Splicer can immediately benefit upper-layer applications. Our case study with recent single-AP localization achieves a median localization error of $0.95m$.
Altered placental morphology associated with murine trisomy 16 and murine trisomy 19 (1989)

The morphology of placentas from trisomy 16 and trisomy 19 mouse conceptuses aged 12 to 18 gestational days was studied at the light microscopic level. Comparisons were made with placentas from normal littermate animals. Trisomy 16 placentas showed marked changes from normal: 1) the junctional zone showed little indication of normal morphologic differentiation throughout gestation; 2) clusters of germinal trophoblast cells persisted in the labyrinth throughout gestation, whereas these cells disappeared by gestational day 16 in the normal littermate placentas; 3) the labyrinth was reduced in size in the trisomic placentas, and the differentiation of the interhemal membranes was delayed. The size of the labyrinths from trisomy 19 placentas appeared to be decreased, but otherwise the placentas appeared to have normal morphology. These observations and others from the literature show that placental development is affected by the presence of a trisomic genome, and that different trisomies influence the development of the placenta differently. For trisomy 16, we propose that the striking changes of the junctional zone may be associated with the trisomy 16-related gene dosage effect for alpha- and beta-interferon cell surface receptors. Because of the homology for this and other genes on mouse chromosome 16 with genes on human chromosome 21, findings related to the altered development of the trisomy 16 mouse may be relevant to understanding some of the phenotypic variations associated with human trisomy 21, the Down syndrome.
Oscillatory Coupling Reveals the Dynamic Reorganization of Large-scale Neural Networks as Cognitive Demands Change (2013)

Cognitive operations are thought to emerge from dynamic interactions between spatially distinct brain areas. Synchronization of oscillations has been proposed to regulate these interactions, but we do not know whether this large-scale synchronization can respond rapidly to changing cognitive demands. Here we show that, as task demands change during a trial, multiple distinct networks are dynamically formed and reformed via oscillatory synchronization. Distinct frequency-coupled networks were rapidly formed to process reward value, maintain information in visual working memory, and deploy visual attention. Strong single-trial correlations showed that networks formed even before the presentation of imperative stimuli could predict the strength of subsequent networks, as well as the speed and accuracy of behavioral responses seconds later. These frequency-coupled networks better predicted single-trial behavior than either local oscillations or ERPs. Our findings demonstrate the rapid reorganization of networks formed by dynamic activity in response to changing task demands within a trial.
The eukaryotic way to defend and edit genomes by sRNA‐targeted DNA deletion (2015)

While there is currently burgeoning interest in the application of the CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated genes) to genome editing, it is perhaps not widely appreciated that this is the second discovery of a small RNA (sRNA)-targeted DNA-deletion system. The first sRNA-targeted DNA-deletion system to be discovered, which we call IES/Ias (internal eliminated sequence/IES-associated genes) to contrast with CRISPR/Cas, is found in ciliates, and, like CRISPR/Cas, is thought to serve as a form of immune defense against invasive DNAs. The manner in which the ciliate IES/Ias system functions is distinct from that of the CRISPR/Cas system in archaea and bacteria, and arose independently through a synthesis of RNA interference-derived and DNA-specific molecular components. Despite the major differences between CRISPR/Cas and IES/Ias, both systems face similar conceptual challenges in targeting invasive DNAs. In this review, we focus on the discovery, effects, function, and evolutionary consequences of the IES/Ias system.
Synthesis and antitumor activity of halogen-substituted 4-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)quinolines (1978)

Halogenated 4-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)quinolines were synthesized as potential antitumor agents on the basis of the biochemical pharmacological properties of existing triazenes, their structural-activity relationships, and the high melanin binding of chloroquine and iodoquine in vivo and in vitro. They were synthesized by diazotization of appropriate halogen-substituted 4-aminoquinolines in fluoboric acid at -5 degrees C followed by coupling with dimethylamine. Among these new compounds, 8-chloro-4-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)quinoline produces significant antitumor activity against both P-388 and L1210 murine leukemias. Although only marginally active or inactive against P-388, the other chloro, bromo, or iodo analogues show activity against L1210 comparable to that of dacarbazine (DIC). However, none of these compounds is active against B-16 melanoma. Compared with DIC these new agents demonstrate a higher in vitro affinity for melanin; however, this affinity is apparently not correlated with their antitumor activity.
1038. Unsaturated carbohydrates. Part II. Three reactions leading to unsaturated glycopyranosides (1964)

R. J. Ferrier, J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 5443 DOI: 10.1039/JR9640005443
Phase I clinical development of Atu027, a siRNA formulation targeting PKN3 in patients with advanced solid tumors (2011)

Chemically synthesized, small interfering RNAs (siRNA) are currently used as a new class of therapeutic molecules, allowing the controlled down-regulation of pathologically relevant gene expression e.g., oncogenes and other similar targets in cancer [1, 2, 3].However, the overall negative charge of siRNA molecules (up to 40 negative charg-es) and the relatively high molecular weight (12,000 – 14,000 Da) prevent the functional uptake of these novel therapeutic molecules in vivo. Besides the inefficient uptake and the degradation in endosomal compartments at the cellular level, non-formulated siRNAs are rapidly cleared by renal excretion from the blood stream when administered i.v. [4].To overcome these limitations, a variety of non-viral nanoparticles (50 – 200 nm) have been recently developed enabling chemically synthesized siRNA to be used therapeuti-cally for inhibition of RNAi-mediated tumor growth. Atu027 is a novel RNAi therapeutic agent based on cationic lipoplexes containing chemically stabilized siRNAs, which target Protein Kinase N3 (PKN3) gene expression in the vascular endothelium (Figure 1) [5]. PKN3, a member of the AGC kinase fam-ily, has been identified as a promising, novel therapeutic target in cancer cells for inhibiting tumor progression and lymph node metasta-sis formation [6]. These studies have revealed that PKN3 mediates malignant cell growth downstream of the chronically activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway [6]. Recently, PKN3 has also been considered as a suitable therapeutic target for modulating tumor-associated angiogenesis. Preclinical data, obtained in various cancer mouse mod-els, revealed target-specific, RNAi-mediated silencing of PKN3 expression and significant inhibition of tumor progression and metasta-sis formation [
The Stress Rheostat: An Interplay Between the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) and Autophagy in Neurodegeneration (2008)

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a conserved adaptive reaction that increases cell survival under conditions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The UPR controls diverse processes such as protein folding, secretion, ER biogenesis, protein quality control and macroautophagy. Occurrence of chronic ER stress has been extensively described in neurodegenerative conditions linked to protein misfolding and aggregation, including Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Prion-related disorders, and conditions such as Parkinson's, Huntington's, and Alzheimer's disease. Strong correlations are observed between disease progression, accumulation of protein aggregates, and induction of the UPR in animal and in vitro models of neurodegeneration. In addition, the first reports are available describing the engagement of ER stress responses in brain post-mortem samples from human patients. Despite such findings, the role of the UPR in the central nervous system has not been addressed directly and its contribution to neurodegeneration remains speculative. Recently, however, pharmacological manipulation of ER stress and autophagy - a stress pathway modulated by the UPR - using chemical chaperones and autophagy activators has shown therapeutic benefits by attenuating protein misfolding in models of neurodegenerative disease. The most recent evidence addressing the role of the UPR and ER stress in neurodegenerative disorders is reviewed here, along with therapeutic strategies to alleviate ER stress in a disease context.
Low Vacuum Wafer Bonding (1999)

Compared to bonding wafers in air, bonding of hydrophilic silicon wafers performed in low vacuum leads to much stronger bonds at the bonding interface after annealing at temperatures as low as . The bond energy reached is close to that of thermal silicon oxide itself. For hydrophilic wafer pairs bonded in air, a high bond energy at the bonding interface can also be realized by a low vacuum storage prior to the annealing, or a low vacuum annealing at after bonding. These low vacuum effects appear to be associated with a significant reduction of trapped nitrogen at the bonding interface. Trapped nitrogen prevents an intimate contact of the bonding surfaces during annealing and thus prevents formation of covalent bonds. Because a difference in thermal expansion coefficients is usually present between different wafers, in order to avoid excess thermal stresses the low vacuum bonding approach is crucial for bonding of dissimilar materials in applications such as microelectromechanical systems and has been applied to bonding silicon to materials other than silicon which have hydrophilic surfaces. ©1998 The Electrochemical Society
Electrochemical detection of C606- and C706-: Enhanced stability of fullerides in solution (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical detection of C606- and C706-: Enhanced stability of fullerides in solutionQingshan Xie, Eduardo Perez-Cordero, and Luis EchegoyenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 10, 3978–3980Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00036a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00036a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3120Altmetric-Citations862LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tool condition monitoring techniques in milling process — a review (2019)

The most important improvement in metal the cutting industry is the continuous utilization of cutting tools and tool condition monitoring system. In the metal cutting process, the tool condition has to be administered either by operators or by online condition monitoring systems to prevent damage to both machine tools and workpiece. Online tool condition monitoring system is highly essential in modern manufacturing industries for the rising requirements of cost reduction and quality improvement. This paper summaries various monitoring methods for tool condition monitoring in the milling process that have been practiced and described in the literature.
Misrouting of tyrosinase with a truncated cytoplasmic tail as a result of the murine platinum (cp) mutation (1995)

Mice homozygous for the platinum (cp) allele at the albino locus manifest severe oculocutaneous albinism despite the presence in vitro of tyrosinase activity at 25% wild-type levels. We demonstrate that the cp allele results from an A-->T substitution, changing a lysine residue at position 489 to a termination codon, with truncation of tyrosinase's cytoplasmic tail. In choroidal melanocytes of neonatal mutant mice, tyrosinase activity could be detected in the trans Golgi network, but was absent from melanosomes. Instead, it was detected in vesicles in the cell periphery and dendrites, and on the extracellular surface. In the retinal pigment epithelium, activity was present on the extracellular apical and basolateral surfaces. Our results demonstrate misrouting of a mutant tyrosinase lacking its cytoplasmic tail, providing an explanation for the severe effect of this mutation on ocular and cutaneous pigmentation.
Principles of object-oriented analysis and design (1993)

1. OO: An Integrating Platform 2. Basic Concepts 3. Why Object-Oriented? 4. Basic Guidelines 5. OO Models 6. Categorizing Objects 7. Relationships among Objects 8. States and State Changes 9. Events, Triggers, and Operations 10. Rules 11. How the Diagrams Interrelate 12. Basic Concepts of OO Design 13. Responsibility-Driven Design 14. OO Workshops with End Users 15. Methods Creation 16. OO Information Engineering 17. OO Programming Languages 18. OO CASE Tools 19. OO Databases 20. Future Tools for Reliable Software 21. Standards for OO Systems 22. The Future of Software
The First Chiral Organometallic Triangle for Asymmetric Catalysis (2002)

A family of chiral organometallic triangles based on cis-Pt(PEt3)2 metallocorners and enantiopure atropisomeric bis(alkynyl) bridging ligands (L1-4) has been synthesized and characterized by 1H, 13C{1H}, and 31P{1H} NMR, UV-vis, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies, FAB and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and microanalysis. Metallocycle 4 which contains three 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol functionalities in combination with Ti(iOPr)4 has been shown to be an excellent catalyst for highly enantioselective additions of diethylzinc to aromatic aldehydes to afford chiral secondary alcohols. This research illustrates the potential of generating novel functional materials on the basis of supramolecular chemistry.
Investigation of exchange processes by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy (1979)

A new general technique for the investigation of exchange processes in molecular systems is proposed and demonstrated. Applications comprise the study of chemical exchange, of magnetization transfer by inter- and intramolecular relaxation in liquids, and of spin diffusion and cross-relaxation processes in solids.
Mobile application development (2011)

Web apps are cheaper to develop and deploy than native apps, but can they match the native user experience?
Improvement of cancer-targeting therapy, using nanocarriers for intractable solid tumors by inhibition of TGF-β signaling (2007)

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta plays a pivotal role in regulation of progression of cancer through effects on tumor microenvironment as well as on cancer cells. TGF-beta inhibitors have recently been shown to prevent the growth and metastasis of certain cancers. However, there may be adverse effects caused by TGF-beta signaling inhibition, including the induction of cancers by the repression of TGF-beta-mediated growth inhibition. Here, we present an application of a short-acting, small-molecule TGF-beta type I receptor (TbetaR-I) inhibitor at a low dose in treating several experimental intractable solid tumors, including pancreatic adenocarcinoma and diffuse-type gastric cancer, characterized by hypovascularity and thick fibrosis in tumor microenvironments. Low-dose TbetaR-I inhibitor altered neither TGF-beta signaling in cancer cells nor the amount of fibrotic components. However, it decreased pericyte coverage of the endothelium without reducing endothelial area specifically in tumor neovasculature and promoted accumulation of macromolecules, including anticancer nanocarriers, in the tumors. Compared with the absence of TbetaR-I inhibitor, anticancer nanocarriers exhibited potent growth-inhibitory effects on these cancers in the presence of TbetaR-I inhibitor. The use of TbetaR-I inhibitor combined with nanocarriers may thus be of significant clinical and practical importance in treating intractable solid cancers.
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Applications for Super-Resolution 3D Structured Illumination Microscopy (2012)

Fluorescence in situ hybridization on three-dimensionally preserved cells (3D-FISH) is an efficient tool to analyze the subcellular localization and spatial arrangement of targeted DNA sequences and RNA transcripts at the single cell level. 3D reconstructions from serial optical sections obtained by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) have long been considered the gold standard for 3D-FISH analyses. Recent super-resolution techniques circumvent the diffraction-limit of optical resolution and have defined a new state-of-the-art in bioimaging. Three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy (3D-SIM) represents one of these technologies. Notably, 3D-SIM renders an eightfold improved volumetric resolution over conventional imaging, and allows the simultaneous visualization of differently labeled target structures. These features make this approach highly attractive for the analysis of spatial relations and substructures of nuclear targets that escape detection by conventional light microscopy. Here, we focus on the application of 3D-SIM for the visualization of subnuclear 3D-FISH preparations. In comparison with conventional fluorescence microscopy, the quality of 3D-SIM data is dependent to a much greater extent on the optimal sample preparation, labeling and acquisition conditions. We describe typical problems encountered with super-resolution imaging of in situ hybridizations in mammalian tissue culture cells and provide optimized DNA-/(RNA)-FISH protocols including combinations with immunofluorescence staining (Immuno-FISH) and DNA replication labeling using click chemistry.
Insertion of a Yop translocation pore into the macrophage plasma membrane by Yersinia enterocolitica: requirement for translocators YopB and YopD, but not LcrG (1999)

The Yersinia survival strategy is based on its ability to inject effector Yops into the cytosol of host cells. Translocation of these effectors across the eukaryotic cell membrane requires YopB, YopD and LcrG, but the mechanism is unclear. An effector polymutant of Y. pseudotuberculosis has a YopB-dependent contact haemolytic activity, indicating that YopB participates in the formation of a pore in the cell membrane. Here, we have investigated the formation of such a pore in the plasma membrane of macrophages. Infection of PU5-1.8 macrophages with an effector polymutant Y. enterocolitica led to complete flattening of the cells, similar to treatment with the pore-forming streptolysin O from Streptococcus pyogenes. Upon infection, cells released the low-molecular-weight marker BCECF (623 Da) but not the high-molecular-weight lactate dehydrogenase, indicating that there was no membrane lysis but, rather, insertion of a pore of small size into the macrophage plasma membrane. Permeation to lucifer yellow CH (443 Da) but not to Texas red-X phalloidin (1490 Da) supported this hypothesis. All these events were found to be dependent not only on translocator YopB as expected but also on YopD, which was required equally. In contrast, LcrG was not necessary. Consistently, lysis of sheep erythrocytes was also dependent on YopB and YopD, but not on LcrG.
Staphylococcal Peptidoglycan Interpeptide Bridge Biosynthesis: A Novel Antistaphylococcal Target? (1996)

In staphylococci, crosslinking of the peptide moiety of peptidoglycan is mediated via an additional spacer, the interpeptide bridge, consisting of five glycine residues. The femAB operon, coding for two approximately 50-kDa proteins is known to be involved in pentaglycine bridge formation. Using chemical mutagenesis of the beta-lactam-resistant strain BB270 and genetic, biochemical, and biophysical characterization of mutants selected for loss of beta-lactam resistance and reduced lysostaphin sensitivity it is shown that peptide bridge formation proceeds via three intermediate bridge lengths (cell wall peptides with no, one, three, and five glycine units). To proceed from one intermediate to the next, three genes appear necessary: femX, femA, and femB. The drastic loss of beta-lactam resistance after inactivation of FemA or partial impairment of FemX even beyond the level of the sensitive wild-type strains renders these proteins attractive antistaphylococcal targets.
Hyaluronidase and Retinal Function (1985)

Using the incubated isolated rat retina, the effects of hyaluronidase on the electroretinogram (ERG) and metabolic activities were investigated. Initial experiments established the activity of hyaluronidase needed to liquefy, within 15 to 30 minutes, the vitreous of postmortem human eyes; this concentration was 1,000 units/mL. Rat retinas were superfused with a bicarbonate-buffered, oxygenated medium to which hyaluronidase was added in activities ranging from 100 to 5,000 units/mL. These concentrations of hyaluronidase did not significantly alter the amplitudes of the a waves and b waves of the ERG in comparison to their control amplitudes. Measurements were also made of lactic acid production, oxygen consumption, glutathione content, and adenosine triphosphatase activities in control and hyaluronidase-exposed retinas. In the presence of hyaluronidase, their respective values were similar to the controls for all biochemical factors studied. The present experiments demonstrate that addition of hyaluronidase to an "ocular irrigating" solution results in normal ERGs and normal retinal metabolic activity and suggests the possibility that hyaluronidase may be useful in enzyme-assisted vitrectomy.