gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low serum selenium is associated with anemia among older adults in the United States (2006)

Anemia is common in older adults, and its etiology is not well understood. Anemia occurs in selenium‐deficient animals, and selenium has been shown to protect erythrocytes against oxidative stress. The objective was to determine whether serum selenium is associated with anemia among older adults in the US. Among 2092 noninstitutionalized men and women, aged 65 and older, in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–1994), 12.9% were anemic. Mean serum selenium in anemic vs non‐anemic adults was 119 and 126 μg/L, respectively ( P = 0.0003). The prevalence of anemia by quartile of serum selenium was 18.3%, 9.5%, 9.7%, and 6.9% ( P = 0.0005). Causes of anemia were classified as nutritional (iron, folate, and B 12 deficiencies), anemia of chronic inflammation (ACI) and renal disease, and unexplained anemia (UA). The proportion of adults in the lowest quartile of selenium among those without anemia and those with anemia due to nutritional causes, ACI/renal disease, or UA was 10.5%, 27.1%, 29.2%, and 18.3%, respectively ( P &lt;0.0001). In a multivariate logistic regression model adjusting for age, education, body mass index, and chronic diseases, where anemia was the outcome, the OR per 1 SD increase in log e selenium was 0.73 (95% CI 0.56–0.95, P = 0.019). Low serum selenium is associated with anemia among older adults in the US and is a potential cause of anemia that needs further investigation. Supported by NIH R01 AG027012 and P30 AG021334.
Magnetic Insulation of MV Pulse Transformers (2006)

An ongoing research project at Loughborough University aims to develop compact magnetically-insulated pulse transformers in the megavolt range. The first phase of the work was to design, build and test a 0.5 MV pulser based on a magnetically self-insulated spiral-strip transformer operated in vacuum, and fed from a capacitor bank. The magnetic field needed to insulate the HV secondary winding is established by the primary current of the transformer. A description is given of the novel technique used to grade the electric fields internal to the secondary winding and so prevent an electrical breakdown. The second phase of the project is to produce a 1 MV pulser based on a Tesla transformer, again operated in vacuum. This time the secondary winding insulation is provided by a magnetic field produced by an auxiliary power source. Detailed results of numerical simulations are given for both transformers, and these are validated by comparison with reliable experimental data
Chaperone Hsp27 inhibits translation during heat shock by binding eIF4G and facilitating dissociation of cap-initiation complexes (2000)

Inhibition of protein synthesis during heat shock limits accumulation of unfolded proteins that might damage eukaryotic cells. We demonstrate that chaperone Hsp27 is a heat shock-induced inhibitor of cellular protein synthesis. Translation of most mRNAs requires formation of a cap-binding initiation complex known as eIF4F, consisting of factors eIF4E, eIF4A, eIF4E kinase Mnk1, poly(A)-binding protein, and adaptor protein eIF4G. Hsp27 specifically bound eIF4G during heat shock, preventing assembly of the cap-initiation/eIF4F complex and trapping eIF4G in insoluble heat shock granules. eIF4G is a specific target of Hsp27, as eIF4E, eIF4A, Mnk1, poly(A)-binding protein, eIF4B, and eIF3 were not bound by Hsp27 and were not recruited into insoluble complexes. Dissociation of eIF4F was enhanced during heat shock by ectopic overexpression of Hsp25, the murine homolog of human Hsp27. Overexpression of Hsc70, a constitutive homolog of Hsp70, prevented loss of cap-initiation complexes and maintained eIF4G solubility. Purified Hsp27 specifically bound purified eIF4G in vitro, prevented in vitro translation, eliminated eIF4G interaction with protein binding factors, and promoted eIF4G insolubilization. These results therefore demonstrate that Hsp27 is a heat-induced inhibitor of eIF4F-dependent mRNA translation.
Efficacy of B-Cell–Targeted Therapy with Rituximab in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (2004)

In patients with active rheumatoid arthritis despite methotrexate treatment, a single course of two infusions of rituximab, alone or in combination with either cyclophosphamide or continued methotrexate, provided significant improvement in disease symptoms at both weeks 24 and 48.
EBV-B cell interactions: immortalization, rescue from apoptosis, tumorigenicity (a short review). (1996)

Translocation of the c-myc gene to an immunoglobulin locus is a rate-limiting step in the genesis of three B-cell derived tumors: Burkitt lymphoma (BL) in humans, mouse plasmacytoma (MPC) and rat immunocytoma. Its consequences have been best analyzed in BL. They involve a non-immunological and an immunological component. The former acts by preventing the B cell from leaving the cycling compartment and entering the resting stage when programmed to do so. The latter acts by the down regulation of certain HLA class I polymorphic specificities, adhesion molecules and EBV encoded proteins. According to our interpretation, the translocation fixes the BL cell in a phenotypic window that can be referred to as "a resting cell that is not resting". The linking of c-myc to immunoglobulin sequences in a B cell leads to constitutive myc expression. In spite of its switch to a "resting phenotype", the cell is therefore unable to leave the cycling compartment. Normally, EBV-carrying B-blasts face immune controls. They can only proliferate in immunodefectives, as in XLP or transplant lymphoma. Due to its "resting" rather than B-blast phenotype and the correlated defective expression of certain EBV, HLA and adhesion molecules, the BL cell is not rejected by the EBV-specific immune response, however. The down-regulation of EBNA 2-6 in the BL cell may be also considered in relation to viral latency. The exclusive expression of EBNA 1 in the BL cell reflects the adaptation of the virus to prolonged persistence in long lived resting B cells, an important if not exclusive reservoir of the latent virus. Normal B cells that fail to be activated by appropriate mitogens or antigens within a limited period of time undergo apoptosis, as a rule. EBV may protect resting B cells. The role of the only virally encoded protein they are known to express, EBNA 1, remains to be explored in this respect. EBV infected immunoblasts are protected from apoptosis by the LMP 1 induced elevation of bcl-2 expression. During the lytic cycle when cellular protein synthesis is switched off by the early viral proteins, a member of the early protein group, a bcl-2 homologous protein encoded by the BHRF1 gene, takes over the function to protect against untimely apoptosis.
Layered Manufacturing: Current Status and Future Trends (2000)

This paper reviews the emerging field of layered manufacturing. This field is little over 10 years old but a significant amount of research has been conducted and results to date are quite promising. We consider three broad topics namely, design systems for heterogeneous objects, layered manufacturing processes, and process planning techniques. Several applications/examples are included in the course of the survey and limitations of current technology identified. We conclude with some possibilities for the future.
Peptides derived from a wild-type murine proto-oncogene c-erbB-2/HER2/neu can induce CTL and tumor suppression in syngeneic hosts (1997)

In this analysis, we examined whether peptides derived from a wild-type murine proto-oncogene, c-erbB-2, function as tumor rejection Ags. Expression of murine c-erbB-2 examined by means of reverse transcription-PCR was observed in several normal adult tissues, such as intestine, kidney, and testis. We then transduced human and murine c-erbB-2 cDNA into two mutually noncross-reactive fibrosarcoma lines of BALB/c origin, CMS7 and CMS17. In BALB/c mice immunized with CMS17HE (CMS17 transduced with human c-erbB-2 cDNA), the growth of subsequently challenged CMS7HE (CMS7 transduced with human c-erbB-2 cDNA) was significantly suppressed. CTL against human c-erbB-2-expressing cells were generated from BALB/c spleen cells in vivo and in vitro sensitized by CMS17HE. The CTL activity was also directed against murine c-erbB-2-expressing cells, CMS7ME and CMS17ME, and was blocked by anti-CD8 or anti-Kd mAbs. A series of peptides of human or murine c-erbB-2 compatible with the Kd binding motif was synthesized. The CTL were reactive with P1.HTR (H-2d) pulsed with three of these peptides, p63-71 (human c-erbB-2 derived), p63-71(A) (murine c-erbB-2 derived), and p780-788 (common for human and murine c-erbB-2). Spleen cells immunized in vivo and in vitro with syngeneic spleen cells pulsed with these peptides became cytotoxic for CMS17HE and/or CMS17ME, but not CMS17neo (CMS17 transduced with control vector). The growth of CMS7ME was suppressed in mice immunized with the murine c-erbB-2-derived peptide, p63-71(A) or p780-788. There was no apparent pathologic change in mice that rejected CMS7ME after vaccination with these peptides.
Effects of highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on fatty acid absorption, incorporation into serum phospholipids and postprandial triglyceridemia (1998)

Fourteen healthy volunteers were randomly allocated to receive 4 g highly purified ethyl esters of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (95% pure, n = 7) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (90% pure, n = 7) daily for 5 wk in supplement to their ordinary diet. The n-3 fatty acids were given with a standard high-fat meal at the beginning and the end of the supplementation period. EPA and DHA induced a similar incorporation into chylomicrons which peaked 6 h after the meal. The relative uptake of EPA and DHA from the meal was > 90% compared with the uptake of oleic acid. During absorption, there was no significant elongation or retroconversion of EPA or DHA in total chylomicron fatty acids. The concentration of EPA decreased by 13% and DHA by 62% (P < 0.001) between 6 and 8 h after the meal. During the 5-wk supplementation period, EPA showed a more rapid and comprehensive increase in serum phospholipids than did DHA. DHA was retroconverted to EPA, whereas EPA was elongated to docosapentaenoic acid (DPA). The postprandial triglyceridemia was suppressed by 19 and 49% after prolonged intake of EPA and DHA, respectively, indicating that prolonged intake of DHA is equivalent to or even more efficient than that of EPA in lowering postprandial triglyceridemia. This study indicates that there are metabolic differences between EPA and DHA which may have implications for the use of n-3 fatty acids in preventive and clinical medicine.
(Tosyloxy)anthraquinones. Versatile synthons for the preparation of various aminoanthraquinones (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT(Tosyloxy)anthraquinones. Versatile synthons for the preparation of various aminoanthraquinonesAlfred G. ZielskeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 7, 1305–1309Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00383a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00383a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1211Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Probiotic Bacteria Induce a ‘Glow of Health’ (2013)

Radiant skin and hair are universally recognized as indications of good health. However, this 'glow of health' display remains poorly understood. We found that feeding of probiotic bacteria to aged mice induced integumentary changes mimicking peak health and reproductive fitness characteristic of much younger animals. Eating probiotic yogurt triggered epithelial follicular anagen-phase shift with sebocytogenesis resulting in thick lustrous fur due to a bacteria-triggered interleukin-10-dependent mechanism. Aged male animals eating probiotics exhibited increased subcuticular folliculogenesis, when compared with matched controls, yielding luxuriant fur only in probiotic-fed subjects. Female animals displayed probiotic-induced hyperacidity coinciding with shinier hair, a feature that also aligns with fertility in human females. Together these data provide insights into mammalian evolution and novel strategies for integumentary health.
EVALUATION OF A STROMA-FREE HEMOGLOBIN SOLUTION FOR USE AS A PLASMA EXPANDER (1967)

The preparation of large quantities of a stable, stroma-free hemoglobin solution without coagulant activity is described. Following infusion of this solution into phlebotomized dogs, there is no methemoglobin formation, no adverse effects on vital signs, and no demonstrable activation of blood coagulation. The hemoglobin maintains its oxygen-carrying capacity and liberates oxygen into tissues. Acute and chronic effects on renal function following infusion of this preparation were also studied and no effect on clearance of urea, creatinine, or P.A.H. could be demonstrated. There was no change in urinary output and histological sections revealed no lesions attributable to hemoglobin toxicity. It is concluded that a stroma-free hemoglobin solution may have use as a plasma expander.
Transposon mutagenesis of group B streptococcus beta-hemolysin biosynthesis (1987)

Beta-hemolysin production by group B streptococci (GBS) is speculated to be a major virulence factor of the organism. A virulent, beta-hemolytic group B streptococcus strain was mutagenized with the self-conjugative transposon Tn916 to derive isogenic strains with mutations only in the gene(s) responsible for beta-hemolysin biosynthesis. There was no significant difference between the virulence of the parent strain and that of the mutant strains in a neonatal rat sepsis model.
Long-Term Protection Against Human Papillomavirus E7-Positive Tumor by a Single Vaccination of Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors Encoding a Fusion Protein of Inactivated E7 of Human Papillomavirus 16/18 and Heat Shock Protein 70 (2009)

We investigated a gene vaccine strategy against human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced cancer and premalignant diseases, using adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector encoding the viral E7 oncoproteins as the tumor antigens from HPV serotypes 16 (HPV16) and 18 (HPV18). Genetically inactivated E7 proteins were fused with a heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) to minimize the risk of cell transformation and enhance immune responses. The fusion protein gene was packaged in AAV serotype 1 or 2 (AAV1 or 2) for efficient in vivo gene expression. Our results showed that after a single intramuscular injection, the AAV1 vector elicited stronger HPV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses and interferon-gamma secretion when compared with the AAV2 vector. Prophylactic immunization with AAV1 protected 100% of the mice from tumor growth for more than 1 year, whereas all the control mice immunized with either a LacZ vector or saline grew large tumors and died within 6 weeks after inoculation of E7-positive tumor cell line TC-1. In addition, this single-dose AAV1 vaccination completely protected the mice against second and third challenges with higher numbers of TC-1 cells. Despite lower CTL responses against the E7 antigens, AAV2 vector prophylactic immunization was also sufficient to protect 100% of the mice against the initial and second tumor challenges and 70% of the mice against the third challenge. In addition, therapeutic immunization with AAV1 after palpable tumor formation inhibited tumor growth and caused tumor regression in some mice. Thus, our studies support the potential of AAV vectors as a genetic vaccine for the prevention and treatment of HPV-induced malignancies.
Heme Oxygenase-1 Protects Gastric Mucosal Cells against Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (2006)

Gastric mucosal cell death by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is suggested to be involved in NSAID-induced gastric lesions. Therefore, cellular factors that suppress this cell death are important for protection of the gastric mucosa from NSAIDs. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is up-regulated by various stressors and protects cells against stressors. Here, we have examined up-regulation of HO-1 by NSAIDs and the contribution of HO-1 to the protection of gastric mucosal cells against NSAIDs both in vitro and in vivo. In cultured gastric mucosal cells, all NSAIDs tested up-regulated HO-1. In rats, orally administered indomethacin up-regulated HO-1, induced apoptosis, and produced lesions at gastric mucosa. An inhibitor of HO-stimulated NSAID-induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo and also stimulated NSAID-produced gastric lesions, suggesting that NSAID-induced up-regulation of HO-1 protects the gastric mucosa from NSAID-induced gastric lesions by inhibiting NSAID-induced apoptosis. Indomethacin activated the HO-1 promoter and caused nuclear accumulation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor for the HO-1 gene. Examination of phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and experiments with its inhibitor strongly suggest that the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 and resulting up-regulation of HO-1 by NSAIDs is mediated through NSAID-dependent activation (phosphorylation) of p38 MAPK. This is the first report showing the protective role of HO-1 against irritant-induced gastric lesions.
Disorder (2006)

Abstract Because of the periodicity of crystals, every object is regularly repeated in three-dimensional space, however in the case of disorder, the orientations of some atoms differ in different unit cells. The structure determined from the diffraction pattern is the spatial average over the whole crystal. In by far most cases, disorder only affects small parts of molecules like organic side chains or SiMe3-groups and the order predominates, especially when only two different conformations are present in the crystal. By means of five examples, this chapter introduces the various forms of disorder such as static and dynamic positional disorder as well substitutional disorder and bulk solvent. It describes in detail how to parameterize disorder in SHELXL, including the use of constraints, restraints, and free variables.
The Expanded Human Kallikrein (KLK) Gene Family: Genomic Organisation, Tissue-Specific Expression and Potential Functions (2001)

The tissue kallikreins are serine proteases encoded by highly conserved multi-gene families. The rodent kallikrein (KLK) families are particularly large, consisting of 13-26 genes clustered in one chromosomal locus. It has been recently recognised that the human KLK gene family is of a similar size (15 genes) with the identification of another 12 related genes (KLK4-KLK15) within and adjacent to the original human KLK locus (KLK1-3) on chromosome 19q13.4. The structural organisation and size of these new genes is similar to that of other KLK genes except for additional exons encoding 5' or 3' untranslated regions. Moreover, many of these genes have multiple mRNA transcripts, a trait not observed with rodent genes. Unlike all other kallikreins, the KLK4-KLK15 encoded proteases are less related (25-44%) and do not contain a conventional kallikrein loop. Clusters of genes exhibit high prostatic (KLK2-4, KLK15) or pancreatic (KLK6-13) expression, suggesting evolutionary conservation of elements conferring tissue specificity. These genes are also expressed, to varying degrees, in a wider range of tissues suggesting a functional involvement of these newer human kallikrein proteases in a diverse range of physiological processes.
Immunohistochemical expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in invasive breast cancers and ductal carcinoma in situ: implications for clinicopathology and patient outcome (2004)

Increased breast epithelial IGFBP-3 expression is a feature of tumorigenesis with cytoplasmic immunoreactivity in the absence of significant nuclear localisation in IDCs and DCIS. There are trends between high levels of IGFBP-3 and poor prognostic features, suggesting that IGFBP-3 is a potential mitogen. IGFBP-3 is not an independent prognosticator for overall survival or disease-free survival, to reflect its dual effects on breast cancer growth regulated by complex pathways in vivo that may relate to its interactions with other growth factors.
Physostigmine and Arecoline: Effects of Intravenous Infusions in Alzheimer Presenile Dementia (1981)

Physostigmine (0.25 mg-1 mg), arecoline (2 and 4 mg) and saline were administered intravenously over 30 minutes in a randomized double blind design to 11 patients with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer presenile dementia. Significant improvement was seen on a picture recognition test with physostigmine 0.375 mg and arecholine 4 mg. A trend towards improvement was also seen with physostigmine 0.25 mg and 0.75 mg, and arecholine 2 mg. For the majority of the patients improvement was only slight but in two patients it was clear cut and consistent.
Regulation of apoptosis in normal and malignant ovarian epithelial cells by transforming growth factor beta. (1995)

Previously, we found that transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) inhibits proliferation of normal human ovarian epithelial cells. In addition, although only 1 of 5 immortalized ovarian cancer cell lines was inhibited, TGF-beta inhibited proliferation of 19 of 20 primary epithelial ovarian cancers. In this study, we examined whether TGF-beta induces apoptosis in normal and malignant ovarian epithelial cells. Among 5 immortalized cell lines, only OVCA 420 is markedly growth inhibited by TGF-beta, and this was the only cell line in which TGF-beta elicited DNA fragmentation characteristic of apoptosis. Induction of apoptosis in OVCA 420 was time and concentration dependent and could be partially inhibited by concurrent treatment with an anti-TGF-beta mAb. Although apoptosis was not seen in normal ovarian epithelial cells (n = 7), [3H]thymidine incorporation was inhibited in all cases [mean = 61.2 +/- 7.2% (SD) of untreated control; P < 0.01]. Similarly, TGF-beta inhibited [3H]thymidine incorporation in all 10 primary ovarian cancers (mean = 40.4 +/- 7.1% of control; P < 0.01), but only 3 of 10 (30%) were found to undergo apoptosis when treated with TGF-beta. There was no relationship between p53 status of the ovarian cancers and the ability of TGF-beta to elicit apoptosis. In conclusion, TGF-beta inhibits proliferation but does not induce apoptosis in normal human ovarian epithelial cells. In contrast, some ovarian cancers that are growth inhibited by TGF-beta also undergo apoptosis. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that malignant cells are more susceptible to apoptosis than their normal nontransformed counterparts.
Structure-Activity Relationships of Adenosine A1 and A2 Receptors (1990)

Philidor once said that pawns are the soul of chess. In a similar way, it might be said that structure-activity relationships are the soul of receptorology. Structure-activity relationships are used to define receptors, to identify the selective agonists and antagonists that are used as pharmacological tools to study the roles of receptors, and ultimately to develop drugs that act via modulation of receptors.