gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Copper(II)‐Catalysed Nitroaldol (Henry) Reactions Utilizing a Chiral C1‐Symmetric Dinitrogen Ligand (2011)

Abstract A series of stable chiral C 1 ‐symmetric dinitrogen ligands were conveniently synthesized in high yields by condensation of chiral amines [(–)‐ exo ‐bornylamine or (+)‐(1 S ,2 S ,5 R )‐menthylamine] with various substituted imidazolecarbaldehydes. With the assistance of base, the ligand L1 in combination with CuCl 2 · 2H 2 O (2.5 mol‐% or 5.0 mol‐%) can efficiently promote nitroaldol (Henry) reactions between a variety of aldehydes and nitromethane. Both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes were tolerated in our catalytic system, affording the expected nitroalcohol products in high yields (up to 97 %) and with good enantioselectivities (up to 96 %) under mild reaction conditions.
The Molecular Basis of Vernalization in Different Plant Groups (2012)

Timing of flowering is key to the reproductive success of many plants. In temperate climates, flowering is often coordinated with seasonal environmental cues such as temperature and photoperiod. Vernalization, the process by which a prolonged exposure to the cold of winter results in competence to flower during the following spring, is an example of the influence of temperature on the timing of flowering. In different groups of plants, there are distinct genes involved in vernalization, indicating that vernalization systems evolved independently in different plant groups. The convergent evolution of vernalization systems is not surprising given that angiosperm families had begun to diverge in warmer paleoclimates in which a vernalization response was not advantageous. Here, we review what is known of the vernalization response in three different plant groups: crucifers (Arabidopsis), Amaranthaceae (sugar beet), and Pooideae (wheat, barley, and Brachypodium distachyon). We also discuss the advantages of using Brachypodium as a model system to study flowering and vernalization in the Pooids. Finally, we discuss the evolution and function of the Ghd7/VRN2 gene family in grasses.
TCR repertoires of intratumoral T‐cell subsets (2013)

The infiltration of human tumors by T cells is a common phenomenon, and over the past decades, it has become increasingly clear that the nature of such intratumoral T-cell populations can predict disease course. Furthermore, intratumoral T cells have been utilized therapeutically in clinical studies of adoptive T-cell therapy. In this review, we describe how novel methods that are either based on T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing or on cancer exome analysis allow the analysis of the tumor reactivity and antigen-specificity of the intratumoral TCR repertoire with unprecedented detail. Furthermore, we discuss studies that have started to utilize these techniques to probe the link between cancer exomes and the intratumoral TCR pool. Based on the observation that both the cancer epitope repertoire and intratumoral TCR repertoire appear highly individual, we outline strategies, such as 'autologous TCR gene therapy', that exploit the tumor-resident TCR repertoire for the development of personalized immunotherapy.
Lexical Approach and Its Application in College English Classes (2012)

As a composite of language form and function, lexical chunks indicate the positive interaction of semantics, syntax and pragmatics to promote further development of language utterances. The theory of lexical chunks is popular for college English teachers to adopt in their classes. Based on theories of lexical chunks and lexical approach, this paper aims to discover the effective way for the College English classes in China so as to improve students' language proficiency.
Forensic science (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTForensic scienceT. A. Brettell and R. SafersteinCite this: Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 12, 162–174Publication Date (Print):June 15, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 June 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00139a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00139a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views230Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Enabling multiple robotic functions in an endoscopic capsule for the entire gastrointestinal tract exploration (2010)

Commercial endoscopic capsules are passive. Nevertheless, active capabilities such as active locomotion, drug delivery or biopsy, among others, can now be offered with the aid of robotics. New robotic functions require additional electronics for control purposes, as well as for the sensors and actuators. To avoid increasing the capsule size as a consequence, it is useful to incorporate all the electronics into the minimum number of elements, preferably in a single ASIC. This paper describes the ASIC included in a robotised capsule with the abovementioned active functions. The ASIC is a system-on-chip (SoC) integrating all the electronics needed to control the other electronic elements in the capsule. It also enables the movement of two BLDC motors, illuminates the exploration region and focuses a liquid lens used to achieve advanced vision capabilities. Details of the complete system integration are also given.
Human bifunctional antibody generated by heterologous association of heavy and light chains (1993)

Hybrid antibodies, including bifunctional antibody, were obtained by fusing two different drug-resistant clones of human hybridomas HB4C5 and SU-1. One hybridoma, producing human IgM-class monoclonal antibody reactive to porcine carboxypeptidase A (Cpase), was a 6-thioguanine resistant clone (6T-C5) of HB4C5 cell line. Another, secreting human IgM-class anti-double-stranded DNA (ds DNA) monoclonal antibody, was a 5-bromodeoxyuridine resistant clone (5B-SU) of SU-1. Hybrid hybridomas were generated by fusing the 6T-C5 and 5B-SU lines and screened by HAT selection. Among many hybrid hybridomas, A9C11 cells produced bifunctional antibody having dual specificity for Cpase and ds DNA, and the light chains of the antibody consisted of the only ones derived from 5B-SU antibody, indicating that bifunctional antibody could be generated by heterologous association of heavy and light chains.
Investigation on Flow Stability of Supercritical Water Cooled Systems (2006)

The supercritical pressure water cooled reactor (SCWR) offers the potential for high thermal efficiencies and considerable plant simplifications1. One of the main features of supercritical water is the strong variation of their thermal-physical properties in the vicinity of the pseudo-critical line. This large variation of thermal-physical properties, especially the density variation, results in a serious concern of flow instability. Flow stability is a crucial issue in the design and operation of SCW cooled systems. Theoretical investigations of the flow stability of supercritical fluids go back to the work of Zuber. In the cryogenic application, flow instability has also been intensively investigated for thermal-hydraulic systems cooled by supercritical fluids, e.g. supercritical helium3. In the frame of the development of supercritical CANDU (CANDU-X) reactors, stability of supercritical water flow in a single channel under natural circulation conditions was investigated by Chatoorgoon4. In that paper, supercritical flow stability was examined using a non-linear numerical code. In addition, a theoretical stability criterion is also established to verify the numerical prediction. This theoretical model is based on the assumption of zero gradient of mass flow by the heat power. However, the availability of this assumption is not proven, even for natural circulation loop. In the present paper, the new computer code SASC (System Analyzer of Super-Critical fluid flows) has been developed. This code is applied to a simplified system cooled with supercritical water. The effect of various parameters on the flow behavior and flow stability has been studied.
Mechanism Linking T-Wave Alternans to the Genesis of Cardiac Fibrillation (1999)

Repolarization alternans at the level of the single cell accounts for T-wave alternans on the surface ECG. Discordant alternans produces spatial gradients of repolarization of sufficient magnitude to cause unidirectional block and reentrant ventricular fibrillation. These data establish a mechanism linking T-wave alternans of the ECG to the pathogenesis of sudden cardiac death.
Micromachined electrodes for biopotential measurements (2001)

We describe the microfabrication, packaging and testing of a micromachined dry biopotential electrode, (i.e., where electrolytic gel is not required). It consists of an array of micro-dimensioned, very sharp spikes, (i.e., needles) designed for penetration of human skin which circumvent high impedance problems associated with layers of the outer skin. The spikes are etched in silicon by deep reactive ion etching and are subsequently covered with a silver-silverchloride (Ag-AgCl) double layer. The electrode-skin-electrode impedance of dry spiked electrodes having a size of 4/spl times/4 mm/sup 2/ is reduced compared to standard electrodes using electrolytic gel and having a comparable size. Recorded low amplitude biopotentials resulting from the activity of the brain, (i.e., EEG signals) are of high quality, even for spiked electrodes as small as 2/spl times/2 mm/sup 2/. The spiked electrode offers a promising alternative to standard electrodes in biomedical applications and is of interest in research of new biomedical methods.
Intratumoral Immunotherapy of Established Solid Tumors With Chitosan/IL-12 (2010)

IL-12 is a potent antitumor cytokine that exhibits significant clinical toxicities after systemic administration. We hypothesized that intratumoral (i.t.) administration of IL-12 coformulated with the biodegradable polysaccharide chitosan could enhance the antitumor activity of IL-12 while limiting its systemic toxicity. Noninvasive imaging studies monitored local retention of IL-12, with and without chitosan coformulation, after i.t. injection. Antitumor efficacy of IL-12 alone and IL-12 coformulated with chitosan (chitosan/IL-12) was assessed in mice bearing established colorectal (MC32a) and pancreatic (Panc02) tumors. Additional studies involving depletion of immune cell subsets, tumor rechallenge, and CTL activity were designed to elucidate mechanisms of regression and tumor-specific immunity. Coformulation with chitosan increased local IL-12 retention from 1 to 2 days to 5 to 6 days. Weekly i.t. injections of IL-12 alone eradicated ≤10% of established MC32a and Panc02 tumors, while i.t. chitosan/IL-12 immunotherapy caused complete tumor regression in 80% to 100% of mice. Depletion of CD4(+) or Gr-1(+) cells had no impact on chitosan/IL-12-mediated tumor regression. However, CD8(+) or NK cell depletion completely abrogated antitumor activity. I.t. chitosan/IL-12 immunotherapy generated systemic tumor-specific immunity, as >80% of mice cured with i.t. chitosan/IL-12 immunotherapy were at least partially protected from tumor rechallenge. Furthermore, CTLs from spleens of cured mice lysed MC32a and gp70 peptide-loaded targets. Chitosan/IL-12 immunotherapy increased local retention of IL-12 in the tumor microenvironment, eradicated established, aggressive murine tumors, and generated systemic tumor-specific protective immunity. Chitosan/IL-12 is a well-tolerated, effective immunotherapy with considerable potential for clinical translation.
Gene transfer of master autophagy regulator TFEB results in clearance of toxic protein and correction of hepatic disease in alpha‐1‐anti‐trypsin deficiency (2013)

Alpha-1-anti-trypsin deficiency is the most common genetic cause of liver disease in children and liver transplantation is currently the only available treatment. Enhancement of liver autophagy increases degradation of mutant, hepatotoxic alpha-1-anti-trypsin (ATZ). We investigated the therapeutic potential of liver-directed gene transfer of transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master gene that regulates lysosomal function and autophagy, in PiZ transgenic mice, recapitulating the human hepatic disease. Hepatocyte TFEB gene transfer resulted in dramatic reduction of hepatic ATZ, liver apoptosis and fibrosis, which are key features of alpha-1-anti-trypsin deficiency. Correction of the liver phenotype resulted from increased ATZ polymer degradation mediated by enhancement of autophagy flux and reduced ATZ monomer by decreased hepatic NFκB activation and IL-6 that drives ATZ gene expression. In conclusion, TFEB gene transfer is a novel strategy for treatment of liver disease of alpha-1-anti-trypsin deficiency. This study may pave the way towards applications of TFEB gene transfer for treatment of a wide spectrum of human disorders due to intracellular accumulation of toxic proteins.
Investigation of endogenous blood lipids components that contribute to matrix effects in dried blood spot samples by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (2012)

Dried blood spot (DBS) sampling coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is a rapidly developing approach in the field of biopharmaceutical analysis. DBS sampling enables analysis of small sample volumes with high sensitivity and selectivity while providing a convenient easy to store and ship format. Lipid components that may be extracted during biological sample processing may result in matrix ionization effects and can significantly affect the precision and accuracy of the results. Glycerophosphocholines (GPChos), cholesterols and triacylglycerols (TAG) are the main lipid components that contribute to matrix effects in LC-MS/MS. Various organic solvents such as methanol, acetonitrile, methyl tertiary butyl ether, ethyl ether, dichloromethane and n-hexane were investigated for elution of these lipid components from DBS samples. Methanol extracts demonstrated the highest levels of GPChos whereas ethyl ether and n-hexane extracts contained less than 1.0 % of the GPChos levels in the methanol extracts. Ethyl ether extracts contained the highest levels of cholesterols and TAG in comparison to other investigated organic solvents. Acetonitrile is recommended as an elution solvent due to low lipid recoveries. Matrix effects resulted from different extracted lipid components should be studied and assessed carefully in DBS samples.
Membrane proteins specified by herpes simplex viruses. V. Identification of an Fc-binding glycoprotein (1979)

A glycoprotein with affinity for the Fc region of immunoglobulin was isolated from extracts of cultured cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1, and experiments were done to characterize its properties and to investigate whether it could account for the Fc-binding activity previously demonstrated on the surfaces of intact herpes simplex virus-infected cells. The technique of affinity chromatography was used to identify and isolate the Fc-binding glycoprotein and to demonstrate the specificity of its interaction with immunoglobulin G-Fc. Although three electrophoretically distinguishable Fc-binding polypeptides were identified by affinity chromatography, these three species appear to be different forms of the same translation product, based on comparisons of proteolytic digestion products and on the kinetics of appearance of each form after a brief pulse with radioactive amino acids. The results suggest that one polypeptide, designated pE, is processed to yield gE1, which is in turn processed to yield gE2. Both gE1 and gE2 are glycosylated membrane proteins and both can be labeled by the lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination of intact infected cells, indicating the presence of these proteins in surface membranes of the cells. Increases in the amounts of gE1 and gE2 at the cell surface were found to parallel the increase in Fc-binding activity of intact infected cells.
Size, oxidation, and strain in smallSi/SiO2nanocrystals (2009)

The structural, electronic, and optical properties of Si nanocrystals of different size and shape, passivated with hydrogens, OH groups, or embedded in a ${\text{SiO}}_{2}$ matrix are studied. The comparison between the embedded and free, suspended nanocrystals (NCs) shows that the silica matrix produces a strain on the embedded NCs, which contributes to determine the band gap value. By including the strain on the hydroxided nanocrystals, we are able to reproduce the electronic and optical properties of the full $\text{Si}/{\text{SiO}}_{2}$ systems. Moreover, we found that while the quantum confinement dominates in the hydrogenated nanocrystals of all sizes, the behavior of hydroxided and embedded nanocrystals strongly depends on the interface oxidation degree, in particular for diameters below 2 nm. Here, the proportion of NC atoms at the $\text{Si}/{\text{SiO}}_{2}$ interface becomes relevant, producing surface-related states that may affect the quantum confinement appearing as inner band gap states and then drastically changing the optical response of the system.
Rfid Handbook: Fundamentals and Applications in Contactless Smart Cards and Identification (2003)

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is used in all areas of automatic data capture allowing contactless identification of objects using RF. With applications ranging from secure internet payment systems to industrial automation and access control, RFID technology solutions are receiving much attention in the research and development departments of large corporations. RFID is a major growth are in auto ID, allowing emergency vehicles to safely trip traffic signals, and providing the technology behind contactless smart cards, autopiloting cars, and production automation. Fully revised and updated to include all the latest information on industry standards and applications, this new edition provides a standard reference for people working with RFID technology.Expanded sections explain exactly how RFID systems work, and provide up-to-date information on the development of new tags such as the smart label. This book provides updated coverage of RFID technologies, including electron data carrier architecture and common algorithms for anticollision. It details the latest RFID applications, such as the smartlabel, e-commerce and the electronic purse, document tracking and e-ticketing. It includes a detailed appendix providing up-to-date information on relevant ISO standards and regulations, including descriptions of ISO 14443 for contactless ticketing and ISO 15693 covering the smartlabel.A leading-edge reference for this rapidly evolving technology, this text is of interest to practitioners in auto ID and IT designing RFID products and end-users of RFID technology, computer and electronics engineers in security system development and microchip designers, automation, industrial and transport engineers and materials handling specialists. It is also a valuable resource for graduate level students in electronics and industrial engineering design.
Recompose (2011)

In this paper we present Recompose, a new system for manipulation of an actuated surface. By collectively utilizing the body as a tool for direct manipulation alongside gestural input for functional manipulation, we show how a user is afforded unprecedented control over an actuated surface. We describe a number of interaction techniques exploring the shared space of direct and gestural input, demonstrating how their combined use can greatly enhance creation and manipulation beyond unaided human capability.
Catalytic C–H Activation. Silylation of Arenes with Hydrosilane or Disilane by RhCl(CO)(PMe3)2 under Irradiation (1987)

Abstract Direct silylation of arenes with triethylsilane or hexamethyldisilane were catalyzed by RhCl(CO)(PMe3)2 under irradiation.
TAp73 knockout shows genomic instability with infertility and tumor suppressor functions (2008)

The Trp53 gene family member Trp73 encodes two major groups of protein isoforms, TAp73 and DeltaNp73, with opposing pro- and anti-apoptotic functions; consequently, their relative ratio regulates cell fate. However, the precise roles of p73 isoforms in cellular events such as tumor initiation, embryonic development, and cell death remain unclear. To determine which aspects of p73 function are attributable to the TAp73 isoforms, we generated and characterized mice in which exons encoding the TAp73 isoforms were specifically deleted to create a TAp73-deficient (TAp73(-/-)) mouse. Here we show that mice specifically lacking in TAp73 isoforms develop a phenotype intermediate between the phenotypes of Trp73(-/-) and Trp53(-/-) mice with respect to incidence of spontaneous and carcinogen-induced tumors, infertility, and aging, as well as hippocampal dysgenesis. In addition, cells from TAp73(-/-) mice exhibit genomic instability associated with enhanced aneuploidy, which may account for the increased incidence of spontaneous tumors observed in these mutants. Hence, TAp73 isoforms exert tumor-suppressive functions and indicate an emerging role for Trp73 in the maintenance of genomic stability.