gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Gliomas (2005)

The poor survival of patients with human malignant gliomas relates partly to the inability to deliver therapeutic agents to the tumor. Because it has been suggested that circulating bone marrow-derived stem cells can be recruited into solid organs in response to tissue stresses, we hypothesized that human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) may have a tropism for brain tumors and thus could be used as delivery vehicles for glioma therapy. To test this, we isolated hMSCs from bone marrow of normal volunteers, fluorescently labeled the cells, and injected them into the carotid artery of mice bearing human glioma intracranial xenografts (U87, U251, and LN229). hMSCs were seen exclusively within the brain tumors regardless of whether the cells were injected into the ipsilateral or contralateral carotid artery. In contrast, intracarotid injections of fibroblasts or U87 glioma cells resulted in widespread distribution of delivered cells without tumor specificity. To assess the potential of hMSCs to track human gliomas, we injected hMSCs directly into the cerebral hemisphere opposite an established human glioma and showed that the hMSCs were capable of migrating into the xenograft in vivo. Likewise, in vitro Matrigel invasion assays showed that conditioned medium from gliomas, but not from fibroblasts or astrocytes, supported the migration of hMSCs and that platelet-derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor, or stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha, but not basic fibroblast growth factor or vascular endothelial growth factor, enhanced hMSC migration. To test the potential of hMSCs to deliver a therapeutic agent, hMSCs were engineered to release IFN-beta (hMSC-IFN-beta). In vitro coculture and Transwell experiments showed the efficacy of hMSC-IFN-beta against human gliomas. In vivo experiments showed that treatment of human U87 intracranial glioma xenografts with hMSC-IFN-beta significantly increase animal survival compared with controls (P < 0.05). We conclude that hMSCs can integrate into human gliomas after intravascular or local delivery, that this engraftment may be mediated by growth factors, and that this tropism of hMSCs for human gliomas can be exploited to therapeutic advantage.
Metastatic burden in nude mice organs measured using prostate tumor PC-3 cells expressing the luciferase gene as a quantifiable tumor cell marker (2000)

Dispersal of PC-3 tumor cells from IM experimental tumors started early before the third week postinoculation and when primary tumors had 2 x 10(4) TCEs. Tumor cells were found widely spread in all the organs tested. The possibility of easily quantifying tumor cell burden should make this approach useful for the study of metastasis and the development of antimetastatic therapies.
Inhibition of tumor cell growth in vitro by murine monoclonal antibodies that recognize a proliferation-associated cell surface antigen system in rats and humans. (1986)

The mouse monoclonal antibody (MoAb) B3 raised against a rat bladder cancer cell line and the MoAbs HBJ127 and HBJ98 raised against a human bladder cancer cell line recognize homologous antigens predominantly present on proliferating cells of the corresponding species. Examination of MoAb-defined antigen and epitopes revealed that both HBJ127 and HBJ98 MoAbs defined a human cell surface glycoprotein complex having an apparent molecular weight of 125,000-130,000 which was composed of a heavy subunit of a glycoprotein nature (Mr 90,000-95,000) and a disulfide-linked light subunit of protein nature (Mr 30,000-35,000), but the HBJ127 and HBJ98 MoAbs recognized a protein epitope and a sugar epitope on the heavy subunit, respectively. Likewise, the B3 MoAb recognized a protein epitope on the heavy subunit of a rat cellular glycoprotein complex of similar composition to the HBJ127/HBJ98-defined human antigen. Addition of the B3 MoAb to rat and the HBJ127 or HBJ98 MoAb to human tumor cells inhibited the nucleic acid synthesis or the proliferation of the tumor cells in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. The target tumor cells exposed to MoAb could regrow when they were freed from the antibody, indicating that the effect of these MoAbs on the tumor cells is cytostatic and reversible. These MoAbs did not cause down-regulation of the cell surface antigen and did not arrest the cell cycle in a certain phase. These observations indicate that the Mr 125,000 glycoprotein cell surface component detected in both rat and human systems may play a requisite role for cell proliferation and that our MoAbs could inhibit the function by binding to the functionally proximal region of the component.
Biosensor Design and Application (1992)

Quinoproteins are a newly characterized class of enzymes which use novel quinones as redox cofactors. Quinoprotein dehydrogenases recognize a wide range of alcohols, amines, and sugars as substrates. They do not require other soluble cofactors or react directly with oxygen, and normally donate electrons to other protein-bound redox centers. Long range intermolecular electron transfer occurs between the redox centers of a quinoprotein, methylamine dehydrogenase, and a copper protein, amicyanin. Kinetic, biochemical, and biophysical techniques have been used to describe factors which are relevant to this process. The data obtained from studies of these proteins and the complex which they form are providing a picture of how nature stabilizes interactions at protein-macromolecule interfaces, and accomplishes long range electron transfer through proteins. Understanding precisely how this process occurs is critical to the development of direct amperometric biosensors, and will hopefully aid in the logical design of enzyme-based analytical devices.
Mouse models of cystathionine β‐synthase deficiency reveal significant threshold effects of hyperhomocysteinemia (2008)

Untreated cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) deficiency in humans is characterized by extremely elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy>200 microM), with thrombosis as the major cause of morbidity. Treatment with vitamins and diet leads to a dramatic reduction in thrombotic events, even though patients often still have severe elevations in tHcy (>80 microM). To understand the difference between extreme and severe hyperhomocysteinemia, we have examined two mouse models of CBS deficiency: Tg-hCBS Cbs(-/-) mice, with a mean serum tHcy of 169 microM, and Tg-I278T Cbs(-/-) mice, with a mean tHcy of 296 microM. Only Tg-I278T Cbs(-/-) animals exhibited strong biological phenotypes, including facial alopecia, osteoporosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the liver and kidney, and a 20% reduction in mean survival time. Metabolic profiling of serum and liver reveals that Tg-I278T Cbs(-/-) mice have significantly elevated levels of free oxidized homocysteine but not protein-bound homocysteine in serum and elevation of all forms of homocysteine and S-adenosylhomocysteine in the liver compared to Tg-hCBS Cbs(-/-) mice. RNA profiling of livers indicate that Tg-I278T Cbs(-/-) and Tg-hCBS Cbs(-/-) mice have unique gene signatures, with minimal overlap. Our results indicate that there is a clear pathogenic threshold effect for tHcy and bring into question the idea that mild elevations in tHcy are directly pathogenic.
Ranolazine Shortens Repolarization in Patients with Sustained Inward Sodium Current Due to Type‐3 Long‐QT Syndrome (2008)

Ranolazine at therapeutic concentrations shortened a prolonged QTc interval and improved diastolic relaxation in patients with the LQT3-Delta KPQ mutation, a genetic disorder that is known to cause an increase in late sodium current.
Initiation of sporulation inClostridium difficile: a twist on the classic model (2014)

The formation of dormant endospores is a complex morphological process that permits long-term survival in inhospitable environments for many Gram-positive bacteria. Sporulation for the anaerobic gastrointestinal pathogen Clostridium difficile is necessary for survival outside of the gastrointestinal tract of its host. While the developmental stages of spore formation are largely conserved among endospore-forming bacteria, the genus Clostridium appears to be missing a number of conserved regulators required for efficient sporulation in other spore-forming bacteria. Several recent studies have discovered novel mechanisms and distinct regulatory pathways that control the initiation of sporulation and early-sporulation-specific gene expression. These differences in regulating the decision to undergo sporulation reflects the unique ecological niche and environmental conditions that C. difficile inhabits and encounters within the mammalian host.
Fecal Blood Levels in Health and Disease (1985)

We tested HemoQuant, a quantitative assay of fecal blood based on the fluorescence of heme-derived porphyrin, in 106 healthy volunteers, 170 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms but with normal diagnostic studies, 44 patients with gastrointestinal cancer, 75 patients with benign polyps, and 374 patients with a variety of other benign gastrointestinal lesions, including ulcers and erosions. In 98 per cent of the healthy volunteers, fecal hemoglobin concentrations were less than 2 mg per gram of stool. Levels were similarly low in stools from patients with symptoms and normal studies and in patients with relatively minor benign lesions. Within these groups, levels were slightly higher in those who had ingested red meat or aspirin. The fecal hemoglobin concentration was higher in patients with gastrointestinal cancer than in any other group, and 97 per cent of those with colorectal cancer had levels above 2 mg per gram. The sensitivity of HemoQuant was significantly greater than that of the guaiac test Hemoccult, particularly when heme was degraded or stools were dry. Intestinal degradation of heme to porphyrin can be measured separately by HemoQuant, and was greater when bleeding was from proximal lesions rather than distal ones. We conclude that HemoQuant is a more sensitive measure of gastrointestinal bleeding than Hemoccult, and that its capacity to measure degraded heme may be useful in indicating the anatomic site of bleeding.
Annular Protofibrils Are a Structurally and Functionally Distinct Type of Amyloid Oligomer (2008)

Amyloid oligomers are believed to play causal roles in several types of amyloid-related neurodegenerative diseases. Several different types of amyloid oligomers have been reported that differ in morphology, size, or toxicity, raising the question of the pathological significance and structural relationships between different amyloid oligomers. Annular protofibrils (APFs) have been described in oligomer preparations of many different amyloidogenic proteins and peptides as ring-shaped or pore-like structures. They are interesting because their pore-like morphology is consistent with numerous reports of membrane-permeabilizing activity of amyloid oligomers. Here we report the preparation of relatively homogeneous preparations of APFs and an antiserum selective for APFs (alphaAPF) compared with prefibrillar oligomers (PFOs) and fibrils. PFOs appear to be precursors for APF formation, which form in high yield after exposure to a hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface. Surprisingly, preformed APFs do not permeabilize lipid bilayers, unlike the precursor PFOs. APFs display a conformation-dependent, generic epitope that is distinct from that of PFOs and amyloid fibrils. Incubation of PFOs with phospholipids vesicles results in a loss of PFO immunoreactivity with a corresponding increase in alphaAPF immunoreactivity, suggesting that lipid vesicles catalyze the conversion of PFOs into APFs. The annular anti-protofibril antibody also recognizes heptameric alpha-hemolysin pores, but not monomers, suggesting that the antibody recognizes an epitope that is specific for a beta barrel structural motif.
Understanding and Manipulating Inorganic Materials with Scanning Probe Microscopes (1996)

Abstract Scanning probe microscopies, such as scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy, are uniquely powerful tools for probing the microscopic properties of surfaces. If these microscopies are used to study low‐dimensional materials, from two‐dimensional solids such as graphite to zero‐dimensional nanostructures, it is possible to elucidate atomic‐scale structural and electronic properties characteristic of the bulk of a material and not simply the surface. By combining such measurements with chemical synthesis or direct manipulation it is further possible to elucidate relationships between composition, structure, and physical properties, thus promoting an understanding of the chemical basis of material properties. This article illustrates that the combination of scanning probe microscopies and chemical synthesis has advanced our understanding of charge density waves, high‐temperature superconductivity, and nanofabrication in low‐dimensional materials. This new approach to studying materials has directly contributed to our knowledge of how metal dopants interact with charge density waves and elucidated the local crystal chemistry of complex copper oxides, microscopic details of the superconducting states in materials with a high superconducting transition I c , and new approaches to the fabrication of multi‐component nanostructures. Coupling scanning probe microscopy measurement and manipulation with chemical synthesis should provide an approach to understanding material properties and creating complex nanostructures in general.
Localization of matrix metalloproteinase 9 to the cell surface provides a mechanism for CD44-mediated tumor invasion (1999)

The cell surface hyaluronan receptor CD44 promotes tumor growth and metastasis by mechanisms that remain poorly understood. We show here that CD44 associates with a proteolytic form of the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) on the surface of mouse mammary carcinoma and human melanoma cells. CD44-associated cell surface MMP-9 promotes cell-mediated collagen IV degradation in vitro and mediates tumor cell invasion of G8 myoblast monolayers. Several distinct CD44 isoforms coprecipitate with MMP-9 and CD44/MMP-9 coclustering is observed to be dependent on the ability of CD44 to form hyaluronan-induced aggregates. Disruption of CD44/MMP-9 cluster formation, by overexpression of soluble or truncated cell surface CD44, is shown to inhibit tumor invasiveness in vivo. Our observations indicate that CD44 serves to anchor MMP-9 on the cell surface and define a mechanism for CD44-mediated tumor invasion.
Antibiotic Use in Relation to the Risk of Breast Cancer (2004)

Use of antibiotics is associated with increased risk of incident and fatal breast cancer. It cannot be determined from this study whether antibiotic use is causally related to breast cancer, or whether indication for use, overall weakened immune function, or other factors are pertinent underlying exposures. Although further studies are needed, these findings reinforce the need for prudent long-term use of antibiotics.
Antibiofouling Polymer-Coated Gold Nanoparticles as a Contrast Agent for in Vivo X-ray Computed Tomography Imaging [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 7661−7665]. (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionAntibiofouling Polymer-Coated Gold Nanoparticles as a Contrast Agent for in Vivo X-ray Computed Tomography Imaging [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 7661−7665].Dongkyu Kim, Sangjin Park, Jae Hyuk Lee, Yong Yeon Jeong, and Sangyong JonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 41, 12585Publication Date (Web):September 25, 2007Publication History Published online25 September 2007Published inissue 1 October 2007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja076341vCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views899Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (28 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Optical and electrical properties of laser texturing for high‐efficiency solar cells (2006)

Abstract A process using laser‐ablated pits to texture the front surface of monocrystalline and multicrystalline silicon solar cells is described. Optical and electrical characterization demonstrates that the technique performs as well as upright random pyramid texturing and causes no laser‐induced defects or laser shunting. Double‐sided buried contact solar cells fabricated with laser texture performed as well as those fabricated with upright random pyramid textures on 1 Ω cm, p type float‐zoned wafers. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
A Functional Connection Between the Pores of Distantly Related Ion Channels as Revealed by Mutant K + Channels (1992)

The overall sequence similarity between the voltage-activated K+ channels and cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels from retinal and olfactory neurons suggests that they arose from a common ancestor. On the basis of sequence comparisons, mutations were introduced into the pore of a voltage-activated K+ channel. These mutations confer the essential features of ion conduction in the cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels; the mutant K+ channels display little selectivity among monovalent cations and are blocked by divalent cations. The property of K+ selectivity is related to the presence of two amino acids that are absent from the pore-forming region of the cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. These data demonstrate that very small differences in the primary structure of an ion channel can account for extreme functional diversity, and they suggest a possible connection between the pore-forming regions of K+, Ca2+, and cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels.
Prediction of treatment outcome from relationship variables in child and adolescent therapy: A meta-analytic review. (2003)

Results from 23 studies examining associations between therapeutic relationship variables and treatment outcomes in child and adolescent therapy were reviewed with meta-analytic procedures. Results indicated that the overall strength of the relationship-outcome associations was modest and quite similar to results obtained with adults. This modest association was moderated by 1 substantive factor, type of patient problem, and 5 methodological factors, timing and source of relationship measurement, type and source of outcome, and shared versus cross-source measurement of relationship and outcome variables. Type, mode, structure, and context of treatment did not moderate associations between relationship variables and outcomes. Findings indicated that the association between the therapeutic relationship and treatment outcome was consistent across developmental levels and across diverse types and contexts of child and adolescent therapy. Recommendations for future process research on the therapeutic relationship in child psychotherapy are offered.
Privacy Aware Offloading of Deep Neural Networks (2018)

Deep neural networks require large amounts of resources which makes them hard to use on resource constrained devices such as Internet-of-things devices. Offloading the computations to the cloud can circumvent these constraints but introduces a privacy risk since the operator of the cloud is not necessarily trustworthy. We propose a technique that obfuscates the data before sending it to the remote computation node. The obfuscated data is unintelligible for a human eavesdropper but can still be classified with a high accuracy by a neural network trained on unobfuscated images.
A Highly Specific Monoclonal Antibody for Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A-Cleaved SNAP25 (2015)

Botulinum neurotoxin type-A (BoNT/A), as onabotulinumtoxinA, is approved globally for 11 major therapeutic and cosmetic indications. While the mechanism of action for BoNT/A at the presynaptic nerve terminal has been established, questions remain regarding intracellular trafficking patterns and overall fate of the toxin. Resolving these questions partly depends on the ability to detect BoNT/A's location, distribution, and movement within a cell. Due to BoNT/A's high potency and extremely low concentrations within neurons, an alternative approach has been employed. This involves utilizing specific antibodies against the BoNT/A-cleaved SNAP25 substrate (SNAP25197) to track the enzymatic activity of toxin within cells. Using our highly specific mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) against SNAP25197, we generated human and murine recombinant versions (rMAb) using specific backbone immunoglobulins. In this study, we validated the specificity of our anti-SNAP25197 rMAbs in several different assays and performed side-by-side comparisons to commercially-available and in-house antibodies against SNAP25. Our rMAbs were highly specific for SNAP25197 in all assays and on several different BoNT/A-treated tissues, showing no cross-reactivity with full-length SNAP25. This was not the case with other reportedly SNAP25197-selective antibodies, which were selective in some, but not all assays. The rMAbs described herein represent effective new tools for detecting BoNT/A activity within cells.
Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Form Follicle‐Like Ovarian Structures but Do Not Progress Through Meiosis (2006)

Several recent studies have suggested that mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can differentiate into female and male germ cells in vitro. The meiotic process in germ cell-like cells derived from ESCs has not been studied in detail, but it has been reported that synaptonemal complex protein-3 (SYCP3) is expressed in these cells. Here, we have carefully evaluated the meiotic process in germ cell-like cells derived from ESCs, using a panel of meiosis-specific markers that identify distinct meiotic signatures unique to meiotic prophase I development in vivo. We find that whereas SYCP3 is expressed in germ cell-like cells, other meiotic proteins, such as SYCP1, SYCP2, STAG3 (stromal antigen 3), REC8 (meiotic protein similar to the rad21 cohesins), and SMC1 (structural maintenance of chromosomes-1)-beta, are not expressed. The nuclear distribution of SYCP3 in the germ cell-like cells is highly abnormal and not associated with the chromosomes of these cells. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis shows that the SYCP3-positive germ cell-like cells do not contain synapsed homologous chromosomes but instead display a chromosomal organization normally found in somatic cells. The absence of expression of essential meiotic proteins and a normal meiotic chromosomal organization strongly suggests that the germ cell-like cells formed from ESCs fail to progress through meiosis.
Bright-blue electroluminescence from a silyl-substituted ter-(phenylene–vinylene) derivative (1999)

A bright-blue electroluminescent device has been fabricated by using an emissive dopant and an electron-transporting host. The dopant was a highly photoluminescent silyl-substituted ter-(phenylene–vinylene) derivative [1,4-bis[4-(2-trimethylsilylvinly) styryl]-2,5-dibutoxybenzene (BTSB)]. BTSB was doped into a trimer of N-arylbenzimidazoles (TPBI) which functioned as the host and electron transporter. N,N′-bis-(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-1,1′-biphenyl-4-4′-diamine (NPB) was used as the hole transporter. The device, with a structure of indium tin oxide\NPB\TPBI:10%BTSB\TPBI\Mg:Ag, shows a bright blue emission of 11000 cd/m2 at a current density of 360 mA/cm2. The current efficiency of this device is about 3.2 cd/A at 20 mA/cm2.