gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systemic reovirus therapy of metastatic cancer in immune-competent mice. (2003)

The human reovirus is an oncolytic virus that specifically targets cancer cells with an activated Ras pathway. Because it is replication competent and highly specific for cancer cells, this virus has the potential to be an effective antimetastatic cancer agent through remote site delivery. In this study, we exploited the ability of reovirus to replicate in murine cells to test the efficacy of this virus in eliminating distal and/or metastatic tumors in immune-competent mice. We found that i.v. therapy with reovirus not only inhibited metastatic tumor growth but also led to a significant improvement in animal survival. Combining i.v. reovirus treatment with immune suppression (cyclosporine A or anti-CD4/anti-CD8 antibodies) resulted in further reduction in tumor size and a considerable prolongation in survival, compared with viral therapy alone. Combined therapy was also effective in overcoming a preexisting immunity to reovirus (a common occurrence in humans and thus a potential impediment to oncolytic effectiveness) to induce metastatic tumor regression. This is the first study to use systemic delivery of an oncolytic agent in conjunction with immune-suppressive drugs to effectively prolong animal survival. Altogether, our results suggest that i.v. reovirus therapy may present a feasible, novel alternative in the treatment of metastatic cancer in humans.
N-1-Alkenyl-N,S-Diacyl-2-Aminobenzenethiols (Enamides) by Ring-Opening of 2,3-Dihydro-1,3-benzothiazoles with Aliphatic Carboxylic Anhydrides (1988)

The enamides 3 and 4 are obtained in good yields by treatment of 2,3-dihydro-1, 3-benzothiazoles 1 or N-acylderivatives 2 with aliphatic acid anhydrides.
Annealing enhanced hydrogen absorption in nanocrystalline Pd∕Au sensing films (2005)

The enhanced hydrogen absorption and sensitivity of nanocrystalline Pd(60at.%)∕Au(40at.%) thin films were realized through the development of a thermal annealing process and a determination of its underlying enhancement mechanism. 20-nm-thick films were deposited by magnetron sputtering and then annealed at temperatures ranging from 100 to 400 °C. Optical reflectance and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were utilized to investigate the H2 response and microstructure characteristics of the as-deposited and annealed films as a function of the annealing temperature. The as-deposited films exhibited a consistently low H absorption, evidenced by a small reflectance-signal change at even a 4% H2 concentration, while displaying a 5-second response time. The combined stress and composition analyses by XRD indicate that the as-deposited film is under a compressive stress of ∼560MPa and has an unexpectedly low Pd (40%) content in the ∼7-nm nanocrystallites, in contrast to the overall film Pd concentration (60%), with Pd enrichment occurring in the disordered grain boundary. The low H absorption characteristics can be overcome by a thermal annealing process, and it was determined that a 200 °C annealing temperature was most desirable. The annealing process resulted in a 4× to 6× enhancement of the signal change, with a minimal effect on the response time. The annealing also stabilized the microstructure, allowing for enhanced sensing stability, reliability, and durability. The underlying mechanism for hydrogen absorption enhancement is comprised of three heat-promoted events within the film microstructure: grain growth, a reduction of the internal compressive stress, and atomic intermixing of Pd from its enrichment and disordered state at the grain boundary into the Pd∕Au grain lattice.
Costimulatory blockade with belatacept in clinical and experimental transplantation – a review (2009)

Belatacept seems to be an effective alternative to current maintenance immunosuppressive therapies, with no apparent end organ toxicity and a minimal side-effect profile. This agent works best when used in combination with therapies that target different pathways of T-cell activation, but the optimal regimen has not yet been identified. Data generated in ongoing clinical trials will be essential in validating previous studies and for further development of belatacept-based combinatorial strategies.
Multiple-Porosity and Multiple-Permeability Poroelasticity (2013)

Since the advent of basic ideas in the theory of fluid seepage in fissured porous media, much effort has been placed in engineering and science departments of various disciplines in trying to foster the concept of dual-porosity continua. In keeping with these efforts, this dissertation aims to extend the existing theories of single and dual-porosity, fluid saturated, homogenous, isotropic and linearly elastic materials to account for higher levels of pore structure complexity, namely the multiple-porosity and multiple-permeability poroelasticity.
The Association Between Previous 305-day Milk Yield and Disease in New York State Dairy Cows (1995)

Logistic regression was used to examine the association between milk yield and disease. We studied 8070 cows of second or higher parity from 25 New York State Holstein herds, calving between June 1990 and November 1993. Previous 305-d mature equivalent milk yield was used because most of the disorders studied occurred too early in lactation for current milk yield to be considered. Seven disorders were studied: retained placenta, metritis, ovarian cyst, milk fever, ketosis, abomasal displacement, and mastitis. A separate model was used for each disorder. Each model included, in additional to milk yield, parity, calving season, and heard. Results showed that higher milk yield was not a risk factor for any disease except mastitis. However, the association between higher previous milk yield and mastitis does not necessarily imply causation.
Old and New Drugs Used in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Historical Perspective (2001)

After a 20-year hiatus, drug development for rheumatoid arthritis resumed in the early 1980s with cyclosporine, continuing in the 1990s with minocycline, leflunomide, and the tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonists, infliximab and etanercept. Unlike the older disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (apart from the cytotoxics), the newer drugs were designed with strict reference to proven pathophysiology in rheumatoid arthritis and, apart from minocycline, the intended action of these agents is highly likely the explanation for the observed efficacy. The evidence for the evolution of more rational drug development in rheumatoid arthritis has not altered the fact that efficacy versus toxicity still remains the major determinant in the practical use of these agents, as well as in the use of other, experimental agents briefly discussed. Action, efficacy, and toxicity also determine the rational chronologic use of these drugs alone and, in particular, in combination.
Error correction/masking for digital voice transmission over the land mobile satellite system (1989)

The development of a 2400-b/s speech digitizer which provides an acceptable level of intelligibility and quality over land mobile satellite channels is described. Performance tests over simulated channels in the UHF band (800 MHz) are presented. The voice digitizer is a linear prediction (LPC) vocoder which uses a channel error correction and concealment procedure tailored to error statistics for a minimum-shift keyed (MSK) downlink to a moving vehicle. The error-handling technique is based on perceptual criteria and utilizes the parametric nature of LPC representation of speech. A single-error-correcting, single-burst-detecting (28, 20) fire code is shown to be the best choice for the application. The intelligibility of the vocoder is measured and compared to the standard LPC-10 algorithm. The major remaining sources of speech quality degradation due to channel errors are determined and ranked.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Guidelines for the Identification and Characterization of Plant Viruses (1981)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
The 7th edition AJCC staging system for eye cancer: an international language for ophthalmic oncology. (2009)

T Ophthalmic Oncology Task Force1 has significantly changed the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system for eye cancer. The 7th edition incorporates more clinically relevant, site-specific staging systems for primary cancers of the eyelids, eye, and orbit.2 All chapters now include detailed clinical and pathology guidelines for data acquisition and tissue processing, while collecting evidence-based biomarkers and prospective data points. In 2004, pairs of clinical and pathology specialists were assigned to review each of the 6th edition AJCC chapters for their clinical, pathology, and research utility. Each pair was charged with creating a new, evidence-based medical foundation for its staging systems. They were required to seek biomarkers (known risk factors) and up to 6 data points for evaluation as potential ‘‘future’’ biomarkers. Their initial drafts were reviewed by a second clinician and pathologist team of reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were discussed during periodic subcommittee teleconferences and face-to-face meetings. Then, each section was subjected to review by multiple additional specialists. During this 4-year process, the Ophthalmic Oncology Task Force grew to include 45 eye cancer specialists from 10 countries (including 3 official International Union Against Cancer [UICC; L’Union Internationale Contre le Cancer] representatives) who worked together to define a comprehensive, anatomically based TNM (tumornode-metastasis)–based staging system for eye cancer. This peer-review system allowed for an evaluation, synthesis, and consensus for clinical practice parameters and pathology techniques and review. The following AJCC chapters are reviewed in 3 different papers published in this joint issue for ophthalmic pathology between the Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and the Archives of Ophthalmology.
Endometrial ablation with the Nd-YAG laser in dysfunctional bleeding (1991)

SummaryEndometrial laser ablation (ELA) was evaluated in two consecutive series of 50 and 100 patients with dysfunctional bleeding without intra-uterine lesions. ELA of the entire cavity was carried out in the first series with an amenorrhoea rate of 34% and a hypomenorrhoea rate of 60%. In the second series, partial' endometrial laser ablation (PELA) was carried out in order to provoke not a complete amenorrhoea but a reduction of heavy menstrual flow. Amenorrhoea and hypomenorrhoea rates were 1 % and 93% respectively. In conclusion, endometrial laser ablation could be proposed as an alternative to hormonal therapy or hysterectomy in dysfunctional bleeding without intra-uterine lesions.
An operating system for multicore and clouds (2010)

Cloud computers and multicore processors are two emerging classes of computational hardware that have the potential to provide unprecedented compute capacity to the average user. In order for the user to effectively harness all of this computational power, operating systems (OSes) for these new hardware platforms are needed. Existing multicore operating systems do not scale to large numbers of cores, and do not support clouds. Consequently, current day cloud systems push much complexity onto the user, requiring the user to manage individual Virtual Machines (VMs) and deal with many system-level concerns. In this work we describe the mechanisms and implementation of a factored operating system named fos. fos is a single system image operating system across both multicore and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) cloud systems. fos tackles OS scalability challenges by factoring the OS into its component system services. Each system service is further factored into a collection of Internet-inspired servers which communicate via messaging. Although designed in a manner similar to distributed Internet services, OS services instead provide traditional kernel services such as file systems, scheduling, memory management, and access to hardware. fos also implements new classes of OS services like fault tolerance and demand elasticity. In this work, we describe our working fos implementation, and provide early performance measurements of fos for both intra-machine and inter-machine operations.
Silent Infarcts in Children With Sickle Cell Anemia and Abnormal Cerebral Artery Velocity (2001)

Transfusion therapy lowers the risk for new silent infarct or stroke for children having both abnormal TCD ultrasonographic velocity and silent infarct. However, those with both abnormalities who are not provided transfusion therapy are at higher risk for developing a new silent infarct or stroke than are those whose initial MRI showed no abnormality. The finding of a silent infarct reinforces the need for TCD ultrasonographic screening and consideration of transfusion therapy if the abnormalities are seen. Similarly, elevated TCD ultrasonographic velocity warrants MRI of the brain because children with both abnormalities seem to be at increased risk for developing new silent infarct or stroke.
Anti-cancer natural products isolated from chinese medicinal herbs (2011)

In recent years, a number of natural products isolated from Chinese herbs have been found to inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis, suppress angiogenesis, retard metastasis and enhance chemotherapy, exhibiting anti-cancer potential both in vitro and in vivo. This article summarizes recent advances in in vitro and in vivo research on the anti-cancer effects and related mechanisms of some promising natural products. These natural products are also reviewed for their therapeutic potentials, including flavonoids (gambogic acid, curcumin, wogonin and silibinin), alkaloids (berberine), terpenes (artemisinin, β-elemene, oridonin, triptolide, and ursolic acid), quinones (shikonin and emodin) and saponins (ginsenoside Rg3), which are isolated from Chinese medicinal herbs. In particular, the discovery of the new use of artemisinin derivatives as excellent anti-cancer drugs is also reviewed.
Secondary metabolites in plant defence mechanisms (1994)

Many secondary metabolites found in plants have a role in defence against herbivores, pests and pathogens. In this review, a few examples are described and discussed, and some of the problems in determining the precise role(s) of such metabolites highlighted. The role of secondary metabolites in defence may involve deterrence/anti-feedant activity, toxicity or acting as precursors to physical defence systems. Many specialist herbivores and pathogens do not merely circumvent the deterrent or toxic effects of secondary metabolites but actually utilize these compounds as either host recognition cues or nutrients (or both). This is true of both cyanogenic glucosides and glucosinolates, which art discussed in detail as examples of defensive compounds. Their biochemistry is compared and contrasted. An enormous variety of secondary metabolites are derived from shikimic acid or aromatic amino acids, many of which have important roles in defence mechanisms. Several classes of secondary products are 'induced' by infection, wounding or herbivory, and examples of these are given. Genetic variation in the speed and extent of such induction may account, at least in part, for the difference between resistant and susceptible varieties. Both salicylates and jasmonates have been implicated as signals in such responses and in many other physiological processes, though their prescise roles and interactions in signalling and development are not fully understood. Contents Summary 617 I. Introduction 617 II. Cyanogenic glucosides 618 III. Glucosinolates 619 IV. Non-protein amino acids 621 V. Alkaloids 622 VI. Plant phenoiics 623 VII. Plant terpenes, sesquiterpenoids and sterols 626 VIII. Phytoalexins 626 IX. Salicylic acid and methyl jasnionate 627 X. Conclusions 628 References 629.
Ubiquitous blue light: The integration of InGaN-based optoelectronics with dissimilar substrates by wafer bonding and laser lift-off (2002)

InGaN-based optoelectronics have been integrated with dissimilar substrate materials using a novel thin-film laser lift-off (LLO) process. Separation of InGaN-based thin-film devices from their typical sapphire growth substrates is accomplished using a pulsed-excimer laser in the ultraviolet regime incident through the transparent substrate. By employing the LLO process with wafer-bonding techniques, InGaN-based light emitting diodes (LEDs) have been integrated with Si substrates, forming vertically-structured LEDs. The LLO process has also been employed to integrate InGaN-based laser diodes (LDs) with Cu substrates. Characterization of the LEDs and LDs before and after the sapphire substrate removal revealed no measurable degradation in device performance.
Steroid Receptor Expression in Uterine Natural Killer Cells (2003)

The endometrium contains a unique subset of uterine-specific natural killer (uNK) cells, the proposed functions of which include a role in decidualization, menstruation, and implantation. These cells increase in number during the mid-late secretory phase of the menstrual cycle and are also present in large numbers in early pregnancy. The cyclical nature of uNK cell appearance suggests hormonal regulation of these cells. To date, it has not been possible to localize either estrogen receptors (ERs) or progesterone receptors (PRs) to uNK cells. In the present study, we have investigated the steroid receptor expression of uNK cells, including not only ER alpha and PR but also wild-type ER beta 1, its variant form ER beta cx/beta 2, and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) using specific monoclonal antibodies and real-time quantitative RT-PCR. mRNA encoding ER alpha, PR, ER beta cx/beta 2, ER beta 1, and GR were identified in extracts of human endometrium across the menstrual cycle and in decidua. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR demonstrated an absence of ER alpha and PR mRNA in purified uNK cells. In contrast, mRNA for ER beta cx/beta 2, ER beta 1, and GR was present in uNK cells. ER alpha, PR, ER beta cx/beta 2, ER beta 1, and GR proteins were identified in endometrial and decidual biopsies. Colocalization using specific monoclonal antibodies confirmed that uNK cells were immunonegative for ER alpha and PR protein. These cells were also immunonegative for ER beta cx/beta 2 but did express ER beta 1 and GR proteins. These results raise the possibility that estrogens and glucocorticoids could be acting directly on uNK cells through ER beta and GR, respectively, to influence gene transcription in the endometrium and decidua.
Evidence for van der Waals adhesion in gecko setae (2002)

Geckos have evolved one of the most versatile and effective adhesives known. The mechanism of dry adhesion in the millions of setae on the toes of geckos has been the focus of scientific study for over a century. We provide the first direct experimental evidence for dry adhesion of gecko setae by van der Waals forces, and reject the use of mechanisms relying on high surface polarity, including capillary adhesion. The toes of live Tokay geckos were highly hydrophobic, and adhered equally well to strongly hydrophobic and strongly hydrophilic, polarizable surfaces. Adhesion of a single isolated gecko seta was equally effective on the hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces of a microelectro-mechanical systems force sensor. A van der Waals mechanism implies that the remarkable adhesive properties of gecko setae are merely a result of the size and shape of the tips, and are not strongly affected by surface chemistry. Theory predicts greater adhesive forces simply from subdividing setae to increase surface density, and suggests a possible design principle underlying the repeated, convergent evolution of dry adhesive microstructures in gecko, anoles, skinks, and insects. Estimates using a standard adhesion model and our measured forces come remarkably close to predicting the tip size of Tokay gecko seta. We verified the dependence on size and not surface type by using physical models of setal tips nanofabricated from two different materials. Both artificial setal tips stuck as predicted and provide a path to manufacturing the first dry, adhesive microstructures.
[Construction of the attenuated Salmonella typhimurium strain expressing Helicobacter pylori conservative region of adhesin antigen]. (2003)

To construct a non-resistance and attenuated Salmonella typhimurium strain which expresses conservative region of adhesin(AB) of Helicobacter pylori(Hp). The AB gene was amplified by PCR and inserted into the expression vector pYA248 containing asd gene and was introduceded into the delta Cya, delta Crp, delta Asd attenuated Salmonella typhimurium strain by twice transformations, which is a balanced lethal recombinant. Bridged ELISA method was used to measure AB expressed in sonicate and culture supernatant. According to Meacock's way and growth curve, stability of the recombinant is evaluated. Semi-lethal capacity test was used to evaluate the safty of recombinant. Results showed S. typhimurium X4072(pYA248-AB) was constructed successfully, recombinant X4072(pYA248- AB) content of supernatant serum was higher than that of thallus lytic liquor confirmed by bridged ELISA, and after recombinant pYA248- AB cultured 100 generation without selection pressure, all the recombinant germ selected randomly can grow, and the AB antigen was positive by ELISA detection. The growth curve of the recombinant germ showed that the growth state of X4072(pYA248) and X4072(pYA248- AB) were coincidence on the whole, and the survival rate of C57BL/6 was still 100%, 30 days after taking X4072(pYA248- AB) 1.0 x 10(10)cfu. orally. Non-resistance S. typhimurium X4072(pYA248- AB) was constructed successfully. The recombinant plasmid was stable indicated by in vitro experiment. And the recombinant strain was safe confirmed by animal experiment. This live vaccine strain is worthy to be considered as a new live oral vaccine candidate against Hp infection.
Iodide iontophoresis as a treatment for dry eye syndrome (2004)

Iodide iontophoresis has been demonstrated to be a safe and well tolerated method of improving subjective and objective dry eye factors in patients with ocular surface disease.
Frequency-warped signal processing for audio applications (2000)

Modern audio techniques, such as audio coding and sound reproduction, emphasize the modeling of auditory perception as one of the cornerstones for system design. A methodology, frequency-warped digital signal processing, is presented in a tutorial paper as a means to design or implement digital signal-processing algorithms directly in a way that is relevant for auditory perception. Several audio applications are considered in which this approach shows advantages when used as a design or implementation tool or as a conceptual framework of design.
Elusive Copy Number Variation in the Mouse Genome (2010)

Our results indicate that CNVs detected by arrays may be the coincidental co-localization of smaller CNVs, whose presence is more likely to perturb an aCGH hybridization profile than the effect of an isolated, small, copy number alteration. Our findings help explain the hitherto unexplored discrepancies between array-based studies of copy number variation in the mouse genome.