gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of murine relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by immune tolerance to proteolipid protein and its encephalitogenic peptides. (1990)

Tolerization of SJL/J mice with splenocytes coupled with proteolipid protein (PLP), the major protein component of central nervous system myelin, resulted in dramatic inhibition of relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (R-EAE) induced by mouse spinal cord homogenate (MSCH). Mice tolerized with splenocytes coupled with MSCH (a complex mixture of neuroantigens) or with purified PLP, but not purified myelin basic protein, were resistant to the development of clinical and histologic R-EAE. In addition, mice rendered tolerant to an encephalitogenic peptide of PLP were significantly protected, whereas mice tolerized to a nonencephalitogenic peptide of PLP were highly susceptible, to the induction of MSCH-induced R-EAE. Thus, immune responses directed against encephalitogenic regions of PLP appear to play a major role in the development of R-EAE induced by MSCH in SJL/J mice. These results also indicate that determinant-specific immune tolerance is a feasible approach to the regulation of a disease that involves autoimmune responses to a variety of Ag.
Efficient drug screening and gene correction for treating liver disease using patient-specific stem cells (2013)

Our results demonstrated the feasibility of effective large-scale drug screening using an iPSC-based disease model and highly robust gene targeting in human iPSCs, both of which are critical for translating the iPSC technology into novel therapies for untreatable diseases.
Interfaces Between the Detection, Signaling, and Repair of DNA Damage (2002)

Left unrepaired, the myriad types of damage that can occur in genomic DNA pose a serious threat to the faithful transmission of the correct complement of genetic material. Defects in DNA damage signaling and repair result in genomic instability, a hallmark of cancer, and often cause lethality, underlining the importance of these processes in the cell and whole organism. The past decade has seen huge advances in our understanding of how the signal transduction pathways triggered by DNA damage radically alter cell behavior. In contrast, it is still unclear how primary DNA damage is detected and how this interfaces with signal transduction and DNA repair proteins.
Cellular and Molecular Responses to Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields (2013)

In recent years, people have been exposed to many kinds of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) generated by domestic electrical appliances and mobile telecommunication devices. There is increasing public concern regarding the health risks of radio-frequency (RF) radiation, particularly that produced by mobile phones. Concern regarding the potential risks of exposure to EMFs has led to many epidemiological investigations, but the effects of EMF exposure on human and other mammalian cells are still unclear. Cellular studies of the effects of RF EMFs have been conducted more often than epidemiological and animal studies. This review provides a summary of the potential cellular effects of RF fields, including those generated by cell phones and their base stations. In vitro studies of the effects of RF fields can mainly be classified into those examining genotoxic and nongenotoxic effects. Genotoxic effects include DNA strand breaks, micronucleus formation, mutation, and chromosomal aberration, i.e., changes involving damage to DNA. Nongenotoxic effects refer to changes in cellular functions, including cell proliferation, signal transduction, and gene expression (mRNA and protein). The results of most recent studies show no marked effects of RF exposure at the cellular and genetic levels. However, some studies have suggested RF effects, and these results require further investigation. As the wireless power transfer technologies are gaining more popularity, it is important that the engineering community participate in the health assessment study with medical and biological research groups. Since the electromagnetic environment due to future wireless power technologies continues to increase, biologists also have to promote the research assessment utilizing advanced technologies in the life sciences. This review paper attempts to provide an insight on the cellular and molecular responses to the RF electromagnetic fields and the understanding of such biological impacts are important for wireless power technology applications.
Structure of Homopolymer DNA−CNT Hybrids (2007)

Single-stranded DNA−carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrids have been used successfully for dispersion and structure-based sorting of CNTs. The structure of the hybrid determines its behavior in solution. Using scaling arguments and molecular dynamics simulations, we have studied various factors that contribute to the free energy of hybrid formation, including adhesion between DNA bases and the CNT, entropy of the DNA backbone, and electrostatic interactions between backbone charges. MD simulations show that a significant fraction of bases unstack from the CNT at room temperature, which reduces effective adhesion between the two per base. For homopolymer wrappings, we show that at low ionic strength, the dominant influences on the structure are adhesion between DNA and the CNT and electrostatic repulsion between backbone charges on the DNA. With a simple analytical model, we show that competition between these two can result in an optimal helical wrapping geometry.
Patterns of Genetic Variation at a Chromosome 4 Locus of Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans (2002)

DNA sequence surveys of Drosophila melanogaster populations show a strong positive correlation between the recombination rate experienced by a locus and its level of nucleotide polymorphism. In particular, surveys of the fourth chromosome gene ci(D) show greatly reduced levels of nucleotide variation; this observation was originally interpreted in terms of selective sweeps occurring on the nonrecombining fourth chromosome. Subsequent theoretical work has, however, uncovered several other selective processes that can reduce variation. In this study, we revisit the Drosophila fourth chromosome, investigating variation in 5-6 kb of the gene ankyrin in D. melanogaster and D. simulans. Silent nucleotide site diversity is approximately 5 x 10(-4) for both species, consistent with the previous observations of low variation at ci(D). Given the observed frequency spectra at ankyrin, coalescent simulations indicate that reduced diversity in the region is unlikely to be due to a selective sweep alone. We find evidence for recombinational exchange at this locus, and both species appear to be fixed for an insertion of the transposable element HB in an intron of ankyrin.
119. Engineering a Self-Inactivating CRISPR System for AAV Vectors (2016)

Significant strides in nuclease engineering have enabled a broad range of biomedical applications. However, numerous challenges remain, and in particular the long term expression mediated by AAV delivery of nuclease-encoding constructs to post-mitotic cells raises concerns with specificity and immunogenicity. That is, off-target nuclease activity can induce genotoxicity, and expression of an exogenous nuclease has the potential to elicit an immune response against transduced cells. Thus, it would be advantageous to limit the duration of nuclease expression following delivery. We have engineered self-inactivating nuclease constructs using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, which consist of a Cas9 nuclease such as that from Streptococcus pyogenes (SpCas9), a chimeric single guide RNA (sgRNA) molecule for targeting, and flanking sites targeted by that sgRNA. For example, we modified an SpCas9/sgRNA construct targeted at the VEGFA locus by introducing copies of the target site flanking the nuclease construct. The result is a negative feedback loop where Cas9 cuts both the target genomic locus and its own coding construct and thereby self-limits its expression. We demonstrate that this construct can eliminate >90% of its expression within 72 hours, and tuning of different parameters enables retention of up to 65% on-target efficiency and reduction of off target-cutting by up to 80%. We further show that by engineering the flanking target sites to contain mismatches to the sgRNA, the Cas9 expression duration can be modulated and the on-target/off-target cutting ratios improved. By retaining strong activity while minimizing off-target effects and by eliminating potentially immunogenic, long-term expression of foreign protein, these self-inactivating constructs have the potential to address two substantial concerns with therapeutic application of engineered nucleases.
Design of a minimal protein oligomerization domain by a structural approach (2000)

Because of the simplicity and regularity of the alpha-helical coiled coil relative to other structural motifs, it can be conveniently used to clarify the molecular interactions responsible for protein folding and stability. Here we describe the de novo design and characterization of a two heptad-repeat peptide stabilized by a complex network of inter- and intrahelical salt bridges. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and analytical ultracentrifugation show that this peptide is highly alpha-helical and 100% dimeric tinder physiological buffer conditions. Interestingly, the peptide was shown to switch its oligomerization state from a dimer to a trimer upon increasing ionic strength. The correctness of the rational design principles used here is supported by details of the atomic structure of the peptide deduced from X-ray crystallography. The structure of the peptide shows that it is not a molten globule but assumes a unique, native-like conformation. This de novo peptide thus represents an attractive model system for the design of a molecular recognition system.
Ambipolar Diffusion of Photocarriers in Electrolyte-Filled, Nanoporous TiO2 (2000)

We report transient photocurrent measurements on solar cell structures based on dye-sensitized, porous TiO2 films filled with a liquid electrolyte. The measurements are interpreted as ambipolar diffusion; under most measurement conditions, the ambipolar diffusion coefficient is dominated by electrons diffusing in the TiO2 matrix. We report a strong dependence of the ambipolar diffusion coefficient upon the photoexcitation density, as has been proposed previously. The coefficients vary from 10-8 cm2 s-1 at low density to 10-4 cm2 s-1 for densities of 1018 cm-3. At a specified photoexcitation density, ambipolar diffusion coefficients measured using weak laser pulses and optical bias are about 10 times larger than coefficients measured using large-intensity laser pulses. We describe trapping models for these effects based on an exponential distribution (T0 = 650 K) of electron trap levels in TiO2. We infer an electron recombination cross section less than 2 × 10-27 cm2; this value is nearly 10 orders of magnitude smaller than typical values in compact semiconductors and indicates the extraordinarily effective separation of electrons in the TiO2 matrix from electrolyte ions only nanometers distant.
A family of macrocyclic antibiotics with a mixed peptide–peptoid ß-hairpin backbone conformation (2003)

Macrocyclic peptidomimetics having a mixed peptide-peptoid backbone have been synthesized and shown to possess antibiotic activity against gram-positive and -negative bacteria with a low hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes; one is shown to adopt a regular beta-hairpin conformation by NMR in aqueous solution.
Metal semiconductor field effect transistor based on single crystal GaN (1993)

In this letter we report the fabrication and characterization of a metal semiconductor field effect transistor (MESFET) based on single crystal GaN. The GaN layer was deposited over sapphire substrate using low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. MESFET devices were fabricated on isolated mesas using TiAu for the source and drain ohmic contacts and silver for the gate Schottky. For devices with a gate length of 4 μm (channel opening, i.e., source to drain separation of 10 μm), a transconductance of 23 mS/mm was obtained at −1 V gate bias. Complete pinch-off was observed for a gate potential of −12 V.
Site-specific dephosphorylation and deactivation of the human insulin receptor tyrosine kinase by particulate and soluble phosphotyrosyl protein phosphatases (1991)

Insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activation, induced by insulin-stimulated autophosphorylation, was measured using a synthetic peptide containing residues 1142-1153 of the insulin receptor and shown to be reversed by both particulate and soluble phosphotyrosyl protein phosphatases from rat liver. Deactivation of the tyrosine kinase was highly sensitive to phosphatase action and was correlated best with disappearance of insulin receptors triphosphorylated in the tyrosine-1150 domain. Dephosphorylation of the di- and mono-phosphorylated forms of the tyrosine-1150 domain generated during dephosphorylation or of phosphorylation sites in the C-terminal or putative juxta-membrane domains occurred 3- greater than 10-fold more slowly than deactivation of the tyrosine kinase, and these phosphorylated species did not appear to appreciably (less than 20%) contribute to tyrosine kinase activation. These results indicate that the transition from the triply to the doubly phosphorylated form of the tyrosine-1150 domain acts as an important switch for deactivation of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase during dephosphorylation. The exquisite sensitivity of this dephosphorylation/deactivation event to phosphotyrosyl protein phosphatase action, combined with the high affinities of this phosphatases for substrates and the high activities of the phosphatases in cells, suggests that the tyrosine kinase activity expressed by insulin-stimulated insulin receptors is likely to be stringently regulated.
One-Dimensional Ion-Conductive Polymer Films:  Alignment and Fixation of Ionic Channels Formed by Self-Organization of Polymerizable Columnar Liquid Crystals (2006)

We have prepared two types of one-dimensional ion-conductive polymer films containing ion nanochannels that are both perpendicular and parallel to the film surface. These films have been obtained by photopolymerization of aligned columnar liquid crystals of a fan-shaped imidazolium salt having acrylate groups at the periphery. In the columnar structure, the ionic part self-assembles into the inner part of the column. The column is oriented macroscopically in two directions by different methods: orientation perpendicular to the modified surfaces of glass and indium tin oxide with 3-(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane and orientation parallel to a glass surface by mechanical shearing. Ionic conductivities have been measured for the films with columnar orientation vertical and parallel to the surface. Anisotropic ionic conductivities are observed for the oriented films fixed by photopolymerization. The ionic conductivities parallel to the columnar axis are higher than those perpendicular to the columnar axis because the lipophilic part functions as an ion-insulating part. The film with the columns oriented vertically to the surface shows an anisotropy of ionic conductivities higher than that of the film with the columns aligned parallel to the surface.
Resonance raman spectroscopy (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTResonance raman spectroscopyDennis P. Strommen and Kazuo Nakamoto Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1977, 54, 8, 474Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1977Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 August 1977Published inissue 1 August 1977https://doi.org/10.1021/ed054p474RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views3021Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Mechanistically based mapping of human cardiac fibrillation (2015)

The mechanisms underpinning human cardiac fibrillation remain elusive. In his 1913 paper 'On dynamic equilibrium in the heart', Mines proposed that an activation wave front could propagate repeatedly in a circle, initiated by a stimulus in the vulnerable period. While the dynamics of activation and recovery are central to cardiac fibrillation, these physiological data are rarely used in clinical mapping. Fibrillation is a rapid irregular rhythm with spatiotemporal disorder resulting from two fundamental mechanisms - sources in preferred cardiac regions or spatially diffuse self-sustaining activity, i.e. with no preferred source. On close inspection, however, this debate may also reflect mapping technique. Fibrillation is initiated from triggers by regional dispersion in repolarization, slow conduction and wavebreak, then sustained by non-uniform interactions of these mechanisms. Notably, optical mapping of action potentials in atrial fibrillation (AF) show spiral wave sources (rotors) in nearly all studies including humans, while most traditional electrogram analyses of AF do not. Techniques may diverge in fibrillation because electrograms summate non-coherent waves within an undefined field whereas optical maps define waves with a visually defined field. Also fibrillation operates at the limits of activation and recovery, which are well represented by action potentials while fibrillatory electrograms poorly represent repolarization. We conclude by suggesting areas for study that may be used, until such time as optical mapping is clinically feasible, to improve mechanistic understanding and therapy of human cardiac fibrillation.
Biomass liquefaction utilizing extruder-feeder reactor system (1987)

Short tandem repeats (STRs) are the preferred genetic markers in forensic DNA analysis, routinely measured by capillary electrophoresis (CE) method based on the fragment length features. While, the massive parallel sequencing (MPS) technology could simultaneously target a large number of intriguing forensic STRs, bypassing the intrinsic limitations of amplicon size separation and accessible fluorophores in CE, which is efficient and promising for enabling the identification of forensic biological evidence. Here, we developed a novel MPS-based Forensic Analysis System Multiplecues SetB Kit of 133-plex forensic STR markers (52 STRs and 81 Y-STRs) and one Y-InDel (M175) based on multiplex PCR and single-end 400 bp sequencing strategy. This panel was subjected to developmental validation studies according to the SWGDAM Validation Guidelines. Approximately 2185 MPS-based reactions using 6 human DNA standards and 8 male donors were conducted for substrate studies (filter paper, gauze, cotton swab, four different types of FTA cards, peripheral venous blood, saliva, and exfoliated cells), sensitivity studies (from 2 ng down to 0.0625 ng), mixture studies (two-person DNA mixtures), PCR inhibitor studies (seven commonly encountered PCR inhibitors), species specificity studies (11 non-human species), and repeatability studies. Results of concordance studies (413 Han males and 6 human DNA standards) generated by STRait Razor and in-house Python scripts indicated 99.98% concordance rate in STR calling relative to CE for STRs between 41,900 genotypes at 100 STR markers. Moreover, the limitations of present studies, the nomenclature rules and forensic MPS applications were also described. In conclusion, the validation studies based on ~ 2200 MPS-based and ~ 2500 CE-based DNA profiles demonstrated that the novel MPS-based panel meets forensic DNA quality assurance guidelines with robust, reliable, and reproducible performance on samples of various quantities and qualities, and the STR nomenclature rules should be further regulated to integrate the inconformity between MPS-based and CE-based methods.
A heavy-traffic theorem for the GI/G/1 queue with a Pareto-type service time distribution (1997)

For the GI=G=1-queueing model with traffic load a ! 1, service time distribution B(t) and interarrival time distribution A(t) holds, whenever for t !1: 1 \\Gamma B(t) c (t=fi) + O(e \\Gammaffit ); c ? 0; 1 ! ! 2; ffi ? 0; 1 R 0 t dA(t) ! 1 for ? ; that (1 \\Gamma a) 1 \\Gamma1 w converges in distribution for a &amp;quot; 1. Here w is distributed as the stationary waiting time distribution. The L.S.-transform of the limiting distribution is derived and an asymptotic series for its tail probabilities is obtained. The theorem actually proved in the text concerns a slightly more general asymptotic behaviour of 1 \\Gamma B(t), t !1, than mentioned above.
Primary Isolation of TRIC Organisms in HeLa 229 Cells Treated with DEAE-Dextran (1972)

Journal Article Primary Isolation of TRIC Organisms in HeLa 229 Cells Treated with DEAE-Dextran Get access Cho-chou Kuo, Cho-chou Kuo Seattle, Washington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar San-pin Wang, San-pin Wang Seattle, Washington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Berttina B. Wentworth, Berttina B. Wentworth Seattle, Washington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Thomas Grayston J. Thomas Grayston Seattle, Washington Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 125, Issue 6, June 1972, Pages 665–668, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/125.6.665 Published: 01 June 1972 Article history Received: 23 November 1971 Revision received: 18 February 1972 Published: 01 June 1972
EU FP7 INFSO-ICT-317669 METIS, D2.1, Requirement analysis and design approaches for 5G air interface (2013)

This document describes the problem space for the METIS research conducted in the radio link context. Firstly, a requirement analysis for the air interface design is conducted based on the test case descriptions presented in METIS deliverable D1.1. It follows an introduction of the research topics being pursued in the radio link research together with an illustration of how these topics are addressing the derived requirements. Moreover, it is shown which of thoserequirements address the needs of the METIS horizontal topics. To facilitate the achievement of these three objectives, a framework of General Requirements is introduced, which will be used throughout the project to assess and evaluate developed radio link solutions and to allow for measuring against the overall system performance goals.
Digital Arthrodesis With a One-Piece Memory Nitinol Intramedullary Fixation Device (2013)

V.
Two targets for the price of one (2013)

In this issue of Blood , Dubovsky et al show that ibrutinib inhibits interleukin-2 (IL-2) inducible kinase (ITK) and thereby modulates T-cell signaling and function.[1][1]

![Figure][2] 

Ibrutinib inhibits both BTK and ITK resulting in modulation of both B- and T-cell function. Professional