gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bioluminescent Indicator for Determining Protein−Protein Interactions Using Intramolecular Complementation of Split Click Beetle Luciferase (2007)

Click beetle luciferase (CBLuc) is insensitive to pH, temperature, and heavy metals, and emits a stable, highly tissue-transparent red light with luciferin in physiological circumstances. Thus, the luminescence signal is optimal for a bioanalytical index reporting the magnitude of a signal transduction of interest. Here, we validated a single-molecule-format complementation system of split CBLuc to study signal-controlled protein-protein (peptide) interactions. First, we generated 10 pairs of N- and C-terminal fragments of CBLuc to examine respectively whether a significant recovery of the activity occurs through the intramolecular complementation. The ligand binding domain of androgen receptor (AR LBD) was connected to a functional peptide sequence through a flexible linker. The fusion protein was then sandwiched between the dissected N- and C-terminal fragments of CBLuc. Androgen induces the association between AR LBD and a functional peptide and the subsequent complementation of N- and C-terminal fragments of split CBLuc inside the single-molecule-format probe, which restores the activities of CBLuc. The examination about the dissection sites of CBLuc revealed that the dissection positions next to the amino acids D412 and I439 admit a stable recovery of CBLuc activity through an intramolecular complementation. The ligand sensitivity and kinetics of the single molecular probe with split CBLuc were discussed in various cell lines and in different protein-peptide binding models. The probe is applicable to developing biotherapeutic agents on the AR signaling and for screening adverse chemicals that possibly influence the signal transduction of proteins in living cells or animals.
A Direct Synthesis of 6-Pyridinyl-2(1H)-quinolinonesviaPalladium-Catalysed Cross-Coupling Reaction (1987)

Pyridinylzinc chlorides were treated with 6-haloquinolinones in the presence of a catalytic amount of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium to give the corresponding 6-pyridinylquinolinones in moderate to high yields.
Ability of Oligonucleotides with Certain Palindromes to Induce Interferon Production and Augment Natural Killer Cell Activity Is Associated with Their Base Length (1994)

A synthetic 30-mer single-stranded oligodeoxyribonucleotide with a hexamer palindrome, AACGTT, induced IFN production and augmented NK activity in murine splenocytes. This effect does not appear to result from an antisense mechanism but rather is due to the palindrome. To clarify the required minimal size of the nucleotide, 10 kinds of 12- to 30-mer nucleotides were examined. Immunostimulatory activity of oligonucleotides 18 bases or more in length was observed and was proportional to the base length, with a maximum of 22-30 bases. On the other hand, the oligonucleotides 16 bases or less in length were not active even if they possessed the palindromic sequence. These results indicate that the immunostimulatory activity of oligonucleotides with certain palindromic sequences requires an oligonucleotide at least 18 bases long.
Proportion of Candidates for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (2003)

Biventricular pacing has been used as an adjunct to standard heart failure therapy in symptomatic patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB). Estimates of the number of patients for whom this treatment is appropriate are unavailable, but are of clinical and socioeconomic importance. LBBB combined with a low (< 0.35) ejection fraction was found in 7,121 consecutive patients referred for elective diagnostic angiography in 1996 through 2000 from a total population of about 125,000 residents. Patients with LBBB (n = 289, 4%) had lower ejection fractions (0.53 +/- 0.23) in comparison with patients without LBBB (P < 0.0001). The ejection fraction was < 0.35 in 558 (8%) patients. LBBB was combined with a low ejection fraction in 96 (1.4%) patients (i.e., 19 patients per year and about 15 patients per year per 100,000 residents). Of these 96 patients, 80 had normal sinus rhythm, 82 had mitral regurgitation (grade > II), 86 were < 75 years of age, and 68 had coronary artery disease. Holter recordings performed in 47 of 96 patients showed nonsustained VT in 28 (60%). LBBB, low ejection fraction, sinus rhythm, and age < 75 years were found in 71 (1%) patients (i.e., 11 patients per year per 100,000 residents). The prevalence of LBBB combined with severely impaired left ventricular ejection function is about 1-2% in patients who undergo cardiac catheterization. The authors estimate that biventricular pacing might be considered as an adjunct to standard heart failure therapy in five to ten patients per year per 100,000 residents in industrial countries. About half of these patients are potential candidates for implantation of cardioverter defibrillators combined with permanent pacing.
Research Progress in Back Contact Silicon Solar Cells (2008)

The high efficiency,low-cost solar cells will be the mainstream of crystalline silicon solar cells.Back contact silicon solar cells have become the focus of PV market for their special structure,simple process and high efficiency.This paper outlines the structural characteristics,manufacturing technology and recent progress in some back contact silicon solar cells,and points out the development direction for the further research.
Guided Image Filtering for Interactive High‐quality Global Illumination (2011)

Abstract Interactive computation of global illumination is a major challenge in current computer graphics research. Global illumination heavily affects the visual quality of generated images. It is therefore a key attribute for the perception of photo‐realistic images. Path tracing is able to simulate the physical behaviour of light using Monte Carlo techniques. However, the computational burden of this technique prohibits interactive rendering times on standard commodity hardware in high‐quality. Trying to solve the Monte Carlo integration with fewer samples results in characteristic noisy images. Global illumination filtering methods take advantage of the fact that the integral for neighbouring pixels may be very similar. Averaging samples of similar characteristics in screen‐space may approximate the correct integral, but may result in visible outliers. In this paper, we present a novel path tracing pipeline based on an edge‐aware filtering method for the indirect illumination which produces visually more pleasing results without noticeable outliers. The key idea is not to filter the noisy path traced images but to use it as a guidance to filter a second image composed from characteristic scene attributes that do not contain noise by default. We show that our approach better approximates the Monte Carlo integral compared to previous methods. Since the computation is carried out completely in screen‐space it is therefore applicable to fully dynamic scenes, arbitrary lighting and allows for high‐quality path tracing at interactive frame rates on commodity hardware.
Neuroprotective Effects of Human Recombinant Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist in Focal Cerebral Ischaemia in the Rat (1996)

Recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (rhIL-1ra) markedly protects against focal cerebral ischaemia in the rat, implicating endogenous IL-1 in the events leading to cerebral infarction. The present experiments investigated the effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of IL-1 beta or rhIL-1ra on ischaemia damage and physiological parameters after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. IL-1 beta (5 ng. i.c.v.) markedly (92%) enhanced infarct volume and caused a significant rise in body temperature, but rhIL-1ra (10 micrograms, i.c.v.) significantly reduced infarct volume and did not significantly affect heart rate, blood pressure, or body temperature, rhIL-1ra administered 30 min before, or at the time of ischaemia significantly reduced infarct volume in cortex (55 and 60%, respectively) and striatum (52 and 41%, respectively). rhIL-1ra administered 30 min after ischaemia significantly reduced total and cortical infarct volume (26 and 29%, respectively), but did not significantly protect striatal tissue. The effects of rhIL-1ra were still evident in both cortex and striatum 7 days after ischaemia. These results support the role of IL-1 in ischaemic brain damage, revealing potent, sustained, neuroprotective effects of rhIL-1ra in the cortex and striatum, which cannot be attributed directly to changes in physiological parameters.
The discovery and the development of bendamustine for the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (2016)

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a heterogeneous group of lymphoid malignancies. The treatment strategy for patients with NHL had remained unchanged until the advent of the era of molecular targeting agents. Although rituximab-containing chemotherapy has improved the response rates and survival of patients with B-cell NHL (B-NHL), several subtypes of B-NHL, especially indolent B-NHL and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), remain incurable. Therefore, novel treatment modalities for B-NHL, especially for indolent B-NHL and MCL, are needed. Bendamustine is an old, but unique, multifunctional cytotoxic agent that exhibits structural similarity to alkylating agents and purine analogs. Areas covered: The basic aspects and preclinical development of bendamustine are summarized, followed by a discussion of the clinical development of bendamustine-based treatments for indolent B-NHL and MCL. Expert opinion: Bendamustine monotherapy or the use of bendamustine in combination with rituximab is highly effective against various types of hematological malignancies, especially relapsed or refractory indolent B-NHL, and exhibits an acceptable toxicity profile. Furthermore, bendamustine plus rituximab might be a promising treatment option for patients with untreated indolent B-NHL. Therefore, bendamustine has the potential to play an important role in the treatment of malignant lymphoma.
Synthesis of Mesomeric Betaines, Quinoliziniumides, via Back-donated 1,6-Cyclization (1997)

The reaction of 3-aminopyridinium salts (4) with polarized olefins (2a,b, 3) in the presence of triethylamine yielded the corresponding 3-aminopyridinium Nallylides (5).Thermolysis of 3-aminopyridinium N-allylides (5a-c,h-j,l-n) in refluxing xylene afforded the 1,5-dipolar cyclization products, 8-aminoindolizines (6) together with the back-donated 1,6-cyclization products, quinoliziniumides (7).In addition, thermolysis of N-allylides (5a-c,h-j,l-n) in refluxing AcOH gave quinoliziniumides (7).Polarized olefms (ethoxymethylene compounds and ketene dithioacetals), when appropriately functionalized (cyano, methoxycarbonyl, nitro, sulfonyl, pyridyl, etc.), are versatile reagents which have been extensively utilized in heterocyclic synthesis.'We have been engaged in an ongoing investigation of these reagents, and have carried out extensive studies on the reaction of heteroaromatic compounds with various polarized olefins and their analogues."nparticular, it is well known that heterocyclic salts react with polarized olefins to produce heterocyclic N-allylides (1).These N-allytides (I), acting as extended dipoles, are of interest in heterocyclic and may be considered resonance hybrids of the representative structures (1, 1 ', 1") shown in Scheme 1. Scheme 1 Scheme 2Many of the previous studies on N-allylides (1) have focused on the synthesis of bicyclic compounds with a bridgehead nitrogen by 1,5-dipolar cyclization according to the resonance structure (1").In this study, we have taken advantage of an alternative N-allylide form (resonance structure 1 ' ) to realize a novel reaction which we have termed a 'back-donated 1,6-cyclization.',
Inhibition of tumor growth by systemic treatment with thrombospondin‐1 peptide mimetics (2002)

Many normal human cells produce thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a potent antiangiogenic protein that promotes vascular quiescence. In various organ systems, including the brain, breast and bladder and in fibroblasts, TSP-1 secretion is reduced during tumorigenesis, thereby allowing induction of the vigorous neovascularization required for tumor growth and metastasis. Full-length and short TSP-1-derived peptides inhibit angiogenesis by inducing endothelial cell apoptosis and thus disrupting the vasculature of the growing tumor. CD36 expressed on the surface of endothelial cells functions as the primary antiangiogenic receptor for TSP-1. A D-isoleucyl enantiomer of a TSP-1 heptapeptide specifically inhibits the proliferation and migration of capillary endothelial cells. DI-TSP, an approximately 1 kDa capped version of this peptide, is also antiangiogenic in vitro, with a specific activity approaching that of the 450 kDa parental molecule. Here, we show that DI-TSP delivered systemically dose-dependently inhibits the growth of murine melanoma metastases in syngeneic animals and that its more soluble isomer, DI-TSPa, similarly blocks the progression of primary human bladder tumors in an orthotopic model in immune-deficient mice. Like intact TSP-1, these peptide mimetics had no effect on cancer cells growing in vitro but markedly suppressed the growth of endothelial cells by inducing receptor-dependent apoptosis. Antibodies raised against CD36 blocked the ability of peptides to induce apoptosis in endothelial cells but had no effect on tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis. In vivo, the peptide mimetics were associated with a significantly reduced microvessel density and increased apoptotic indices in both the endothelial and tumor cell compartments. Such short peptides targeted to a specific antiangiogenic receptor, potent and easy to synthesize, show great promise as lead compounds in clinical antiangiogenic strategies.
An operating system approach to securing e-services (2001)

article Share on An operating system approach to securing e-services Authors: Chris Dalton Hewlett Packard Labs, Bristol, UK Hewlett Packard Labs, Bristol, UKView Profile , Tse Huong Choo Hewlett Packard Labs, Bristol, UK Hewlett Packard Labs, Bristol, UKView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 44Issue 2Feb. 2001pp 58–64https://doi.org/10.1145/359205.359228Published:01 February 2001Publication History 14citation1,880DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations14Total Downloads1,880Last 12 Months9Last 6 weeks6 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Detailed analysis of the mRNAs mapping in the short unique region of herpes simplex virus type 1 (1985)

We have analysed the mRNAs which map within the short unique (U S ) region of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) genome. U S has a total length of 12979 base pairs (1) and is extensively transcribed with approximately 94% of the total sequence present in cytoplasmic mRNAs and 79% of the total sequence considered to be protein coding. There are several examples of overlapping functions and multiple use of DNA sequence within this region. U S contains 12 genes (1) which are expressed as 13 mRNAs. Two of these mRNAs are thought to arise from the same gene since they differ only slightly in the positions of their 5′ ends and probably specify the same polypeptide. 11 of the 13 mRNAs are arranged into four nested families with unique 5′ ends and common 3′ co-termini. The other two mRNAs have unique 5′ and 3′ ends.
Vitamin D review (2011)

Dominik N Muller1,2, Markus Kleinewietfeld3 and Heda Kvakan2,4 1 Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Centre for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany 2 Max-Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) and Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charite Medical Faculty and the MDC, Berlin, Germany 3 Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA 4 HELIOS Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany Email: Heda.Kvakan@gmx.net
Construction of a 2-Mb resolution BAC microarray for CGH analysis of canine tumors (2005)

Recognition of the domestic dog as a model for the comparative study of human genetic traits has led to major advances in canine genomics. The pathophysiological similarities shared between many human and dog diseases extend to a range of cancers. Human tumors frequently display recurrent chromosome aberrations, many of which are hallmarks of particular tumor subtypes. Using a range of molecular cytogenetic techniques we have generated evidence indicating that this is also true of canine tumors. Detailed knowledge of these genomic abnormalities has the potential to aid diagnosis, prognosis, and the selection of appropriate therapy in both species. We recently improved the efficiency and resolution of canine cancer cytogenetics studies by developing a small-scale genomic microarray comprising a panel of canine BAC clones representing subgenomic regions of particular interest. We have now extended these studies to generate a comprehensive canine comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) array that comprises 1158 canine BAC clones ordered throughout the genome with an average interval of 2 Mb. Most of the clones (84.3%) have been assigned to a precise cytogenetic location by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and 98.5% are also directly anchored within the current canine genome assembly, permitting direct translation from cytogenetic aberration to DNA sequence. We are now using this resource routinely for high-throughput array CGH and single-locus probe analysis of a range of canine cancers. Here we provide examples of the varied applications of this resource to tumor cytogenetics, in combination with other molecular cytogenetic techniques.
Simultaneous core 2 β1→6N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase up‐regulation and sialyl‐LeX expression during activation of human tonsillar B lymphocytes (1999)

We have investigated the regulation mechanism of the surface sialyl-Le(X) (sLe(X)) expression level in tonsillar B cells during activation. sLe(X) antigen became strongly positive after activation, while resting B cells were weakly positive. sLe(X) structures were mainly located on O-linked oligosaccharide chains of glycoprotein. Transcripts of FucT-VII and core 2 GlcNAc transferase (C2GnT) were up-regulated after activation, while those of ST3GalIV and beta1-->4GalT-I were expressed constitutively. However, the up-regulation of C2GnT was more dramatic than that of FucT-VII. These results suggest that sLe(X) expression level is regulated by C2GnT during tonsillar B cell activation.
Reading and Writing with Electron Beams (1997)

Cathode rays, accelerated by tens of thousands of volts or more, have had immense scientific and technological value in the hundred years since Joseph John Thomson used them to discover the electron. The most familiar use of these electron beams is in cathode-ray tubes—as used in television sets and computer displays, for example. Electron microscopy, a less familiar use, has been a keystone method for visualizing the structure of materials on the atomic level, and continues to offer exciting developments. Electron beams have also found an important role in patterning semiconductor chips, and they may even supplant optical beams as a basis for lithography in the 21st century. Before the discovery of electrons, photons dominated microscopy. Now it seems that in both microscopy and lithography, electrons will take over. More power to rest mass! In this article, I give a glimpse of the state of the art in electron microscopy and lithography, and point out where I believe these fields are going.
Rationale for testing the cardiovascular risk for patients with COX-2 inhibitors on the basis of biomarker NT-proBNP. (2005)

Owing to the selective inhibition of PGI2 synthesis, treatment with COX-2 inhibitors constitutes a potential risk for the increased occurrence of thrombotic cardiovascular incidents and of the first-time occurrence or a deterioration in pre-existing heart failure. Elderly patients, particularly those with a history of ischemic heart disease, hypertension or heart failure, are at risk. One key indication for selective COX-2 inhibitors is the chronic treatment of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis. However, these patients have an excess cardiovascular mortality, which relates particularly to cardiovascular incidents or heart failure. The use of nonselective antiphlogistic drugs and COX-2 inhibitors is associated with a higher potential risk in these patient groups. In essence, more than 80 million patients worldwide were treated with rofecoxib up to its voluntary withdrawal. The high number of patients who are still being treated with COX-2 inhibitors or for whom the use of COX-2 inhibitors is planned justifies the use of a biochemical marker which, as a screening instrument, is initially designed to recognize the patients who are "ill" despite the lack of symptoms. In asymptomatic patients with NT-proBNP levels below the cut-off, high-risk patients require further work-up. Recognition of these risk factors is easily accomplished considering the case history and the results of an established cardiovascular risk score (e.g. PROCAM score). These risk patients should then also be referred for intensive diagnostic work-up. On the other hand, symptomatic patients or those with high NT-proBNP levels should primarily be referred for more extensive cardiovascular diagnosis before a decision is taken concerning the use of COX-2 inhibitors. As an integral part of this extensive work-up the determination of NT-proBNP can help to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and prognostic assessment. With the exception of patients showing symptoms of an unstable coronary heart disease, imminent cerebral ischemia, uncontrolled arterial hypertension or decompensated heart failure, the use of a COX-2 inhibitor is possible provided special caution is exercised. Termination of treatment is advisable if there is a clinical deterioration of specific symptoms or signs in those patients (product information). Follow-up with NT-proBNP (monitoring) can be helpful in detecting imminent cardiac decompensation at an earlier stage in order to take suitable countermeasures.
Anti-inflammatory action of dapsone: inhibition of neutrophil adherence is associated with inhibition of chemoattractant-induced signal transduction (1997)

Dapsone has clinical utility as an anti-inflammatory agent but the mechanism of this action remains unknown. We have previously reported that dapsone inhibits beta2 integrin (CD11b/CD18)-mediated adherence of human neutrophils in vitro and now describe studies designed to discover how dapsone-mediated inhibition of this neutrophil function occurs. Results indicate that dapsone interferes with the activation or function of the G-protein (Gi type) that initiates the signal transduction cascade common to chemotactic stimuli. They also show that dapsone-mediated suppression of this pathway inhibits the generation of second messengers essential to the activation of beta2 integrin molecules, as well as respiratory and secretory functions of neutrophils exposed to chemoattractants. We propose that the inhibition of chemoattractant-induced signal transduction by dapsone suppresses neutrophil recruitment and local production of toxic respiratory and secretory products in the affected skin of dermatitis herpetiformis and other neutrophilic dermatoses.