gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Segmentation of the Outer Vessel Wall of the Common Carotid Artery in CTA (2009)

A novel method is presented for carotid artery vessel wall segmentation in computed tomography angiography (CTA) data. First the carotid lumen is semi-automatically segmented using a level set approach initialized with three seed points. Subsequently, calcium regions located within the vessel wall are automatically detected and classified using multiple features in a GentleBoost framework. Calcium regions segmentation is used to improve localization of the outer vessel wall because it is an easier task than direct outer vessel wall segmentation. In a third step, pixels outside the lumen area are classified as vessel wall or background, using the same GentleBoost framework with a different set of image features. Finally, a 2-D ellipse shape deformable model is fitted to a cost image derived from both the calcium and vessel wall classifications. The method has been validated on a dataset of 60 CTA images. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the method is comparable to the interobserver variability.
Handbook of Thermoplastic Elastomers (1979)

I-Materials.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Styrenic Thermoplastic Elastomers.- 3 Thermoplastic Polyolefin Elastomers.- 4 Elastomeric Alloy Thermoplastic Vulcanizates.- 5 Single Phase Melt Processible Rubber.- 6 Copolyester Thermoplastic Elastomers.- 7 Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers.- 8 Polyamide Thermoplastic Elastomers.- II-Applications.- 9 Markets for Thermoplastic Elastomers.- 10 Automotive Applications of Thermoplastic Elastomers.- 11 Hose, Tubing, and Sheeting.- 12 Mechanical Rubber Goods.- 13 Electrical Applications of Thermoplastic Elastomers.- 14 Medical Applications of Thermoplastic Elastomers.- 15 Thermoplastic Elastomers, Future Market Opportunities.
Effect of poly herbal formulation, EuMil, on neurochemical perturbations induced by chronic stress. (2002)

EuMil, a polyherbal formulation consisting of standardised extracts of Withania somnifera (L) Dunal, Ocimum sanctum L, Asparagus racemosus Wilid and Emblica officinalis Gaertn., is used as an anti-stress agent to attenuate the various aspects of stress related disorders. In the present study, the neurochemical mechanisms underlying the anti-stress activity of EuMil were evaluated by measuring the rat brain monoamine neurotransmitter levels and tribulin activity. Chronic electroshock stress (14 days) significantly decreased the nor-adrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA) levels in frontal Cortex, pons-medulla, hypothalamus, hippocampus and striatal, hypothalamal region, respectively, and increased the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) level in frontal cortex, pons medulla, hypothalamus and hippocampus. Chronic stress, also increased the rat brain tribulin activity. EuMil (100 mg/kg, p.o., 14 days) treatment normalized the perturbed regional NA, DA, 5HT concentrations, induced by chronic stress. EuMil also significantly attenuated the stress-induced increase in the rat brain tribulin activity. The amelioration of chronic stress-induced neurochemical perturbations by EuMil explains the neurochemical mechanisms underlying the observed putative anti-stress activity of the product.
Mild and Efficient Copper-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Bromides with Primary Alkylamines (2003)

An efficient copper-catalyzed amination of aryl bromides with primary alkylamines was developed that uses commercially available diethylsalicylamide as the ligand. This amination reaction can be performed at 90 °C in good yield. A variety of functional groups are compatible with these reaction conditions. Preliminary results show that this reaction can be carried out under solvent-free conditions with comparable yields.
Leukaemia and lymphoma treatment with autologous bone marrow transplantation: preclinical studies. (1988)

Following the limited success of T-cell depletion in patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT), recent interest is focused on autologous BMT. The selection of sensitive methods for detecting residual lymphoid malignancy, the choice of very efficient complement-fixing lytic monoclonal antibodies against residual disease, and the "tailoring" of these antibodies (or their cocktails) to individual patients lead to a very high remission rate in acute lymphoid leukaemia (ALL) of bad prognosis and second remission. The future of this extension of chemotherapy toward BMT seems to be promising, but controlled trials are required to show that the purging of bone marrow contributes to this good result. Very efficient antibodies for elimination of B lymphoma cells are also available.
Inhibition of cytolytic T lymphocyte proliferation by autologous CD4+/CD25+ regulatory T cells in a colorectal carcinoma patient is mediated by transforming growth factor-beta. (2002)

Cancer patients often develop CTLs that lyse autologous tumor cells in culture. However, tumors can progress in vivo despite the presence of CTLs. Various mechanisms have been reported to down-modulate CTL functions. In this study, the role of CD4+/CD25+ regulatory T cells in CTL induction and proliferation of established CTLs was investigated in a patient with CRC. CD4+ cytotoxic and regulatory T-cell lines were derived from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the same patient in mixed-lymphocyte tumor culture. The cytotoxic T-cell line and a clonal derivative specifically lysed the autologous tumor cells but not the B lymphocytes. Only HLA-A1-matched allogeneic CRC cells were lysed by the CTL clone. The clone produced IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. The regulatory CD4+/CD25+ T-cell line was tumor cell-dependent in its growth but did not lyse autologous tumor cells. This T-cell line suppressed pokeweed mitogen responses of allogeneic lymphocytes, proliferative activity of the established, autologous CTLs, and induction of CTLs in autologous, freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The immunosuppressive effect of the CD4+/CD25+ regulatory T cells was mediated by transforming growth factor-beta and did not require cell-to-cell contact. Thus, although CRC patients can develop specific CTLs against their tumors, the development of regulatory T cells may allow the escape of tumor cells from immune surveillance by the CTLs in vivo.
Enhancement-Mode GaN MIS-HEMTs With LaHfOxGate Insulator for Power Application (2017)

This letter reports an E-mode GaN MIS-HEMT using a composite La <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> /HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> gate insulator for power device applications. The composite dielectric formed an amorphous LaHfOx layer after post-deposition annealing. The GaN MIS-HEMT with amorphous LaHfOx gate dielectric showed good oxide film quality and excellent HfLaOx/GaN interface properties, as demonstrated by the measured C-V characteristics. Consequently, the E-mode MIS-HEMT was determined to show good V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> stability with only a slight increase in the dynamic R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> after high drain bias stress.
Phosphoketolase in Rhodotorula graminis and Other Yeasts (1977)

Phosphoketolase(s), catalysing the cleavage of xylulose 5-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate, were found in Rhodotorula graminis, R. glutinis, Candida 107 and C. tropicalis. Activity towards the latter substrate only was found in C. humicola. Neither activity was found in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. The enzyme(s) were isolated and purified eightfold from R. graminis. Inorganic phosphate, thiamin pyrophosphate and Mg2+ were required for activity. The enzyme had a K m of 1·25 mm for xylulose 5-phosphate and was markedly sensitive to NADH, NADPH, ATP and acetyl-CoA and less sensitive to phosphoenol-pyruvate, citrate and dodecanoyl-CoA. The activity of phosphoketolase was halved in the presence of an active transketolase which competes with it for the same substrate. The contribution of phosphoketolase to glucose catabolism may be only slight.
Induction of cell death by basic fibroblast growth factor in Ewing's sarcoma. (2000)

Ewing's sarcoma is thought to arise after developmental arrest of primitive neural cells during embryogenesis. Because basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has a critical role in the regulation of cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation during embryogenesis, we have tested the hypothesis that bFGF and FGF receptors may contribute to the development of Ewing's sarcoma and may provide a mechanism for the modulation of their behavior. All four of the Ewing's sarcoma cell lines examined expressed bFGF and FGF receptors, which were detected by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. bFGF-induced a significant dose-dependent decrease in Ewing's sarcoma cell proliferation on plastic and reduced anchorage-independent growth in soft agar. Unexpectedly, this decrease in cell number reflected bFGF-induced apoptosis and necrosis, as demonstrated by electron microscopy, binding of annexin V, and staining with acridine orange. Induction of cell death was dependent on dosage of, and period of exposure to, bFGF. bFGF did not induce differentiation of Ewing's sarcoma cells in either the presence or the absence of serum or nerve growth factor. Treatment of NuNu mice with bFGF decreased growth of the highly tumorigenic Ewing's sarcoma cell lines. Histologically tumors grown in the NuNu mice treated with bFGF were less cellular than those in control mice, and showed an increased level of apoptotic nuclei. This is in contrast to the mitogenic effect bFGF has in most other cancer cells. In summary, bFGF decreases Ewing's sarcoma growth in vitro and in vivo by the induction of cell death. This novel observation may provide a new therapeutic strategy for Ewing's sarcomas.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of a PSGL-1 N-Terminal Glycopeptide Containing Tyrosine Sulfate and α-O-Linked Sialyl Lewis X (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTChemoenzymatic Synthesis of a PSGL-1 N-Terminal Glycopeptide Containing Tyrosine Sulfate and α-O-Linked Sialyl Lewis XKathryn M. Koeller, Mark E. B. Smith, Rong-Fong Huang, and Chi-Huey WongView Author Information Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla, California 92037 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 17, 4241–4242Publication Date (Web):April 15, 2000Publication History Received9 February 2000Published online15 April 2000Published inissue 1 May 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja0004938https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0004938rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views693Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Biocatalysis,Monomers,Peptides and proteins,Post-translational modification Get e-Alerts
Cruciferous vegetables intake and risk of prostate cancer: A meta‐analysis (2011)

Cruciferous vegetables intake is related to the decreased risk of prostate cancer. Because of the limited number of studies, further prospective studies are needed to explore the protective effect of cruciferous vegetables on prostate cancer.
Role of Exogenous Adenosine Triphosphate in Catabolic and Synthetic Activities of Chlamydia psittaci (1969)

The synthetic activities of isolated cells of the meningopneumonitis strain (MN) of Chlamydia psittaci were investigated and further observations were made on their catabolic reactions. These observations included the demonstration of CO(2) production from aspartate in the presence of pyruvate and the formation of pyruvate from glucose-6-phosphate. Both reactions were enhanced by added adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Of a large number of compounds tested, only glucose-6-phosphate, pyruvate, aspartate, and isoleucine were shown to furnish carbons that were incorporated into molecules precipitated by trichloroacetic acid. The reactions with pyruvate, aspartate, and isoleucine were dependent entirely, or almost entirely, on added ATP, and the reaction with glucose-6-phosphate was enhanced by ATP. Except for CO(2), which greatly stimulated the reactions, the addition of a number of other compounds or a combination of compounds, such as cofactors, amino acids, and purine and pyrimidine bases, did not greatly affect incorporation. About 95% of the activity of the trichloroacetic acid precipitates was recovered in the chloroform-methanol soluble fraction.
Deep Plant Phenomics: A Deep Learning Platform for Complex Plant Phenotyping Tasks (2017)

Plant phenomics has received increasing interest in recent years in an attempt to bridge the genotype-to-phenotype knowledge gap. There is a need for expanded high-throughput phenotyping capabilities to keep up with an increasing amount of data from high-dimensional imaging sensors and the desire to measure more complex phenotypic traits (Knecht et al., 2016). In this paper, we introduce an open-source deep learning tool called Deep Plant Phenomics. This tool provides pre-trained neural networks for several common plant phenotyping tasks, as well as an easy platform that can be used by plant scientists to train models for their own phenotyping applications. We report performance results on three plant phenotyping benchmarks from the literature, including state of the art performance on leaf counting, as well as the first published results for the mutant classification and age regression tasks for <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>.
[Study on stress distribution of the condyle]. (1996)

The stress distribution in the condyle was calculated by means of combining CT examination with computed image operating technique and three-dimensional finite element models. The results suggested that there was a higher stress level in condylar cortical bone than in cancellous bone. Stress on the cortical bone were shown to concentrate in middle and lateral 1/3 part of articular surface of the condyle. The distribution of stress on two condyles was symmetrical. That analysis method of biomechanics was introduced into the clinical and baic study on the temporomandibular joint provided a new means for helping diagnosis and treatment of the temporomandibular joint diseases.
Electron transfer in DNA: predictions of exponential growth and decay of coupling with donor-acceptor distance (1993)

Experimental and theoretical work indicates the importance of protein structure in controlling electron-transfer (ET) reactions. Recently, great interest has been shown in exploring electronic coupling interactions in DNA. We report here that the electronic coupling calculated for a recently synthesized class of DNA oligomers with rigidly attached donors and acceptors displays a remarkable dependence on the nucleic acid structure. Indeed, a reversal in the sign of the exponential decay parameter is found in some cases if the donor-acceptor couplings are fit to a single exponential expression. The sign reversal reflects the inadequacy of single exponential models for describing bridge-mediated electron-transfer reaction rates. These effects in DNA oligomers arise from the three-dimensional structure of the double helix. The couplings do decay monotonically with the tunneling pathway length between donor and acceptor, σl (estimated from tunneling pathway analysis), but not with the direct through-space donor-acceptor separation distance.
Curcumin Inhibits Immunostimulatory Function of Dendritic Cells: MAPKs and Translocation of NF-κB as Potential Targets (2005)

Curcumin has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, and anticarcinogenic activities. However, the effect of curcumin on the maturation and immunostimulatory function of dendritic cells (DC) largely remains unknown. In this study, we examined whether curcumin can influence surface molecule expression, cytokine production, and their underlying signaling pathways in murine bone marrow-derived DC. DC were derived from murine bone marrow cells and used as immature or LPS-stimulated mature cells. The DC were tested for surface molecule expression, cytokine production, dextran uptake, the capacity to induce T cell differentiation, and their underlying signaling pathways. Curcumin significantly suppressed CD80, CD86, and MHC class II expression, but not MHC class I expression, in the DC. The DC also exhibited impaired IL-12 expression and proinflammatory cytokine production (IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha). The curcumin-treated DC were highly efficient at Ag capture, via mannose receptor-mediated endocytosis. Curcumin inhibited LPS-induced MAPK activation and the translocation of NF-kappaB p65. In addition, the curcumin-treated DC showed an impaired induction of Th1 responses and a normal cell-mediated immune response. These novel findings provide new insight into the immunopharmacological role of curcumin in impacting on the DC. These novel findings open perspectives for the understanding of the immunopharmacological role of curcumin and therapeutic adjuvants for DC-related acute and chronic diseases.
Control of dark current in photoelectrochemical (TiO2/I––I3–) and dye-sensitized solar cells (2005)

The ruthenium complex bis-tetrabutylammonium cis-dithiocyanato-N,N'-bis-2,2'-bipyridine-4-carboxylic acid, 4'-carboxylate ruthenium(II), N-719, was found to block the dark current of dye sensitized solar cells (DSC), based on mesoporous TiO2 films deposited on a F-doped tin oxide electrode and the effect was compared to surface treatment by TiCl4 and the introduction of a compact TiO2 blocking layer.
A 10-b 120-Msample/s time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter with digital background calibration (2002)

Digital calibration using adaptive signal processing corrects for offset mismatch, gain mismatch, and sample-time error between time-interleaved channels in a 10-b 120-Msample/s pipelined analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Offset mismatch between channels is overcome with a random chopper-based offset calibration. Gain mismatch and sample-time error are overcome with correlation-based algorithms, which drive the correlation between a signal and its chopped image or its chopped and delayed image to zero. Test results show that, with a 0.99-MHz sinusoidal input, the ADC achieves a peak signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SNDR) of 56.8 dB, a peak integral nonlinearity of 0.88 least significant bit (LSB), and a peak differential nonlinearity of 0.44 LSB. For a 39.9-MHz sinusoidal input, the ADC achieves a peak SNDR of 50.2 dB. The active area is 5.2 mm/sup 2/, and the power dissipation is 234 mW from a 3.3-V supply.
Millimeter-wave interconnects for microwave-frequency quantum machines (2017)

Superconducting microwave circuits form a versatile platform for storing and manipulating quantum information. A major challenge to further scalability is to find approaches for connecting these systems over long distances and at high rates. One approach is to convert the quantum state of a microwave circuit to optical photons that can be transmitted over kilometers at room temperature with little loss. Many proposals for electro-optic conversion between microwave and optics use optical driving of a weak three-wave mixing nonlinearity to convert the frequency of an excitation. Residual absorption of this optical pump leads to heating, which is problematic at cryogenic temperatures. Here we propose an alternative approach where a nonlinear superconducting circuit is driven to interconvert between microwave-frequency ($7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9}$ Hz) and millimeter-wave-frequency photons ($3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{11}$ Hz). To understand the potential for quantum state conversion between microwave and millimeter-wave photons, we consider the driven four-wave mixing quantum dynamics of nonlinear circuits. In contrast to the linear dynamics of the driven three-wave mixing converters, the proposed four-wave mixing converter has nonlinear decoherence channels that lead to a more complex parameter space of couplings and pump powers that we map out. We consider physical realizations of such converter circuits by deriving theoretically the upper bound on the maximum obtainable nonlinear coupling between any two modes in a lossless circuit, and synthesizing an optimal circuit based on realistic materials that saturates this bound. Our proposed circuit dissipates less than ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}$ times the energy of current electro-optic converters per qubit. Finally, we outline the quantum link budget for optical, microwave, and millimeter-wave connections, showing that our approach is viable for realizing interconnected quantum processors for intracity or quantum data center environments.
Human factors and life support issues in crew rescue from the International Space Station (ISS). (2001)

The design and development of crew emergency response systems, particularly to provide an unplanned emergency return to earth, requires an understanding of crew performance challenges in space. The combined effects of psychological and physiological adaptation during long duration missions will have a significant effect on crew performance in the unpredictable and potentially life threatening conditions of an emergency return to earth. It is therefore important that the systems to be developed for emergency egress address these challenges through an integrated program to produce optimum productivity and safety in times of utmost stress. Fundamental to the success of the CRV is the Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS), which provides the necessary conditions for the crew to survive their return mission in a shirt-sleeve environment. This paper will discuss the many issues in the design of an ECLSS system for CRV and place it in the context of the human performance challenges of the mission.