gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Receptor Sequence Recognized by EGF Competitive Monoclonal Antibodies (1989)

Epitopes recognized by three epidermal growth factor (EGF) competitive monoclonal antibodies, LA22, LA58, and LA90, have been localized to a 14-amino acid region in the extracellular domain of the human EGF receptor. The binding of each of these mutually competitive antibodies to A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells was inhibited up to 87% by EGF. Furthermore, binding to A431 cells was inhibited 100% by the EGF competitive monoclonal antibody 528 IgG. The EGF receptor monoclonal antibody 455 IgG, which recognizes a blood group A-related carbohydrate modification of A431 receptors and does not inhibit EGF binding, did not inhibit the binding of these three antibodies to A431 cells. Antibodies LA22, LA58, and LA90 were unusual in that they bound to recognized denatured and endoglycosidase F-treated antigenic determinants in Western blots. This suggested that the antibodies recognized continuous peptide epitopes. The epitopes for these antibodies were first localized in cyanogen bromide- and V8 protease-generated fragments of a truncated form of the EGF receptor secreted by A431 cells. In experiments with synthetic peptides, all three antibodies were found to bind to the 14 amino acids from Ala-351 to Asp-364 of the mature human EGF receptor. These amino acids are located between the two Cys-rich regions of the extracellular domain of the receptor, and they include an Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser recognition site for adhesion molecule receptors. The homologous sequence in the chicken EGF receptor, which binds mouse EGF with a 100-fold lower affinity than the human EGF receptor, contains four amino acid differences including two in the Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser tetramer. The mutually competitive binding of EGF and antibodies LA22, LA58, and LA90 implied that the amino acids between Ala-351 and Asp-364 participated in the formation of the EGF-binding site of the human EGF receptor.
DNA polymerase of bacteriophage T4 is an autogenous translational repressor. (1988)

In bacteriophage T4 the protein product of gene 43 (gp43) is a multifunctional DNA polymerase that is essential for replication of the phage genome. The protein harbors DNA-binding, deoxyribonucleotide-binding, DNA-synthesizing (polymerase) and 3'-exonucleolytic (editing) activities as well as a capacity to interact with several other T4-induced replication enzymes. In addition, the T4 gp43 is a repressor of its own synthesis in vivo. We show here that this protein is an autogenous repressor of translation, and we have localized its RNA-binding sequence (translational operator) to the translation initiation domain of gene 43 mRNA. This mechanism for regulation of T4 DNA polymerase expression underscores the ubiquity of translational repression in the control of T4 DNA replication. Many T4 DNA polymerase accessory proteins and nucleotide biosynthesis enzymes are regulated by the phage-induced translational repressor regA, while the T4 single-stranded DNA-binding protein (T4 gp32) is, like gp43, autogenously regulated at the translational level.
Building Watson: An Overview of the DeepQA Project (2010)

IBM Research undertook a challenge to build a computer system that could compete at the human champion level in real time on the American TV quiz show, Jeopardy. The extent of the challenge includes fielding a real‐time automatic contestant on the show, not merely a laboratory exercise. The Jeopardy Challenge helped us address requirements that led to the design of the DeepQA architecture and the implementation of Watson. After three years of intense research and development by a core team of about 20 researchers, Watson is performing at human expert levels in terms of precision, confidence, and speed at the Jeopardy quiz show. Our results strongly suggest that DeepQA is an effective and extensible architecture that can be used as a foundation for combining, deploying, evaluating, and advancing a wide range of algorithmic techniques to rapidly advance the field of question answering (QA).
<title>Melt-pool and keyhole dynamics during thin-plate laser welding of steel</title> (1993)

An investigation is made of the melt-pool formed during keyhole welding with a cw CO<SUB>2</SUB> laser on thin plate mild steel. The aim of the study is to analyze the dynamics of the melt-pool and keyhole in order to provide information on the causes of instabilities found during high speed welding. Such problems found during high speed welding include humping, keyhole failure, and surface tension driven melt-pool instabilities. The effects of varying laser power (2 to 4 kW), traverse speed, shroud gas, gas delivery angle, and plate thickness were studied. The methods used included various high speed camera techniques. Two high speed cameras are used, a high speed video camera at a frame rate of 1,000 frames per second and a high speed gated camera used in conjunction with a frame grabber capable of gate speeds as low as 25 ns and freeze frame multi-imaging. The high speed video system was used to gather information on the gross melt-pool characteristics, e.g., shape, length, width, and any other slow changes present (of the order of 100 Hz). It is hoped by correlating these results with theory that an insight into high speed behavior will be obtained.
Rapid Prototyping Technology (2001)

Reviews operation principles and methods for most Solid Freeform technologies and historical systems data. Illustrates the uses and mechanical details for a number of systems, including JP-System 5, Ballistic Particle Manufacturing, Fused Deposition Modeling, Laminated Object Manufacturing, Stereolithography, and Selective Laser Sintering.
Transmembrane Delivery of Aggregated [Gd@C<SUB>82</SUB>(OH)<SUB>22</SUB>]<SUB><I>n</I></SUB> Nanoparticles (2010)

We investigated whether multi-hydroxyl metallofullerenes can penetrate into erythrocyte and whether this potential transmembrane delivery requires aggregated nanostructure of these particles. The metal atom encapsulated in metallofullerenes was used as a quantitative marker to investigate body distribution of aggregated nanoparticles in cytomembrane and cytoplasm. Image of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and assay of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) suggested that aggregated [Gd@C82(OH)22]n particles traversed through cytomembrane into cytoplasm. Aggregated Gd nanostructure belonged to small sphere with average diameter of 22.4 +/- 0.5 nm. For pristine Gd@C82 molecule, due to the electron donation from Gd atom, the distribution of electrons on the surface of carbon cage was localized. The electrophilic additive reaction of polyhydroxyl on the surface of Gd@C82 was directly affected by local distribution of electrons. This resulted in local distribution of hydroxyls on the surface of Gd nanoparticles. Local distribution of hydroxyls brought about polar and nonpolar domains on particle surface, which induced Gd@C82(OH)22 to be amphiphilic molecule with due hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties. Amphiphilic properties of these molecules promoted their mutual aggregation in water. In the process of aggregation, amphiphilic properties of aggregated nanoparticles were well maintained, and besides, hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains were also regularly distributed on the surface of [Gd@C82(OH)22]n particles. The amphiphilic nanoparticles attached externally to cytomembrane of erythrocyte might be effectively driven by hydrophobic effect when they directly contacted cytomembrane of erythrocyte. The number of [Gd@C82(OH)22]n nanoparticles attached to cytomembrane reached up to a certain critical threshold, a significant curvature tension of membrane would occur. The shape of cell was accordingly changed. Increased membrane tension triggered the sudden opening of specific pores as a result of cytmembrane response to nanoparitcle effect and the [Gd@C82(OH)22]n nanoparticles gained entry to cell via these pores. This process was biologically independent of caveolar-mediated endocytosis or transportation pathway via ion channels.
Effect of growth factors on expression of integrin subtypes in microvascular endothelial cells isolated from bovine retinas. (1998)

We isolated microvascular endothelial cells from bovine retinas (BREC) by a colony isolation method, and investigated the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on growth as well as integrin subtype expression of the cultured BREC. Either of the growth factors stimulated growth of the cultured BREC. In non-stimulated BREC, alpha v beta 3 integrin expression was predominant over the other integrin subtypes tested (alpha v beta 5, alpha 2 beta 1 and alpha 5 beta 1), but no enhancement of the alpha v beta 3 expression occurred by either growth factor stimulation. On the other hand, bFGF addition stimulated alpha v beta 5 and alpha 5 beta 1 expression while VEGF induced the alpha 2 beta 1 expression as well. These results suggest that external stimuli such as bFGF and VEGF alter integrin expression profiles of BREC and probably influence interactions of endothelial cells with extracellular matrix during angiogenesis which must be involved in pathogenesis of ischemic retinal disorders. In this respect, this BREC culture system could be useful to study the mechanism of neovascularization in these disorders.
Applying the SMPTE Time and Control Code to Television Audio Post Production (1978)

Today producers of virtually all television programs and commercials utilize the many benefits of the unique indexing technique offered by the American National Standard Time and Control Code sponsored by the SMPTE (ANSI C98.12-1975). With this precise indexing method, taped scenes can be relocated rapidly, accurately and automatically. The code also serves as “electronic sprockets” allowing several tape transports to be synchronized with extreme precision. Editing techniques utilizing the code have now become well established, but applying these techniques to audio post production requires some special attention. One major consideration is that many common audiotape recorders are not suitable for operation with the time code unless the playback circuitry is modified for wideband operation at winding speeds. The author can provide details of modifications which he has found to be successful to this end. A recently developed microprocessor-based synchronizing system with a variety of applications is discussed briefly.
Effect of an Oxidized Gold Substrate on Alkanethiol Self-Assembly (2000)

UV-cleaned gold substrates incubated in solutions of alkanethiol show islands on the monolayer surface when imaged with noncontact atomic force microscopy (AFM). The height of the islands above the monolayer is approximately twice the height of the alkanethiol monolayer, and the diameter of the islands is 20−200 nm. These islands are easily pushed aside during contact mode AFM imaging without damaging the underlying monolayer. Islands are observed on gold substrates exposed to solutions of octadecane-, hexadecane-, and dodecanethiol and 1‘-thiahexa(ethylene oxide)-1-octadecane at 0.01−1.0 mM concentrations in ethanol and hexadecane. AFM on samples with submonolayer coverage shows that the islands are not observed until the late stages of monolayer formation. Islands are not observed on freshly deposited gold substrates or on UV-cleaned gold substrates that are exposed to ethanol for longer than 10 min prior to incubation in alkanethiol solutions. We conclude that the island formation is associated with oxidation of the gold surface and that the islands are primarily composed of alkanethiol. We hypothesize that the stability of these structures may be due to the formation of multimolecular complexes of alkanethiols.
Conformational considerations in the design of a glucagon analog with increased receptor binding and adenylate cyclase potencies (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConformational considerations in the design of a glucagon analog with increased receptor binding and adenylate cyclase potenciesJohn L. Krstenansky, Dev. Trivedi, David. Johnson, and Victor J. HrubyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 7, 1696–1698Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00267a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00267a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views157Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of sample preparation techniques for mass measurements of PCR products using ESI-FT-ICR mass spectrometry (2002)

Elimination of PCR buffer components and alkali metal cations (i.e., Na+, K+) is of critical importance to allow for accurate mass measurements of PCR products for genotyping and sequencing applications. Ethanol precipitation followed by microdialysis has been repeatedly shown to efficiently desalt PCR products for analysis by mass spectrometry and is considered the gold standard. Alternative cleanup techniques that are compatible with automation are explored here with the intent of expanding the bottleneck that exists between the production of PCR products and analysis by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Numerous combinations of approaches were evaluated that included PCR purification kits and alcohol precipitations. The data shown here support alternative approaches to an ethanol precipitation followed by microdialysis that have comparable desalting efficiency and can be utilized for cleanup of PCR products generated from single reactions.
Klinefelter's syndrome (47,XXY) in male systemic lupus erythematosus patients: Support for the notion of a gene‐dose effect from the X chromosome (2008)

The frequency of Klinefelter's syndrome (47,XXY), often subclinical, is increased in men with SLE by approximately 14-fold compared with its prevalence in men without SLE. Diagnostic vigilance for 47,XXY in male patients with SLE is warranted. These data are the first to show an association of Klinefelter's syndrome with an autoimmune disease found predominantly in women. The risk of SLE in men with Klinefelter's syndrome is predicted to be similar to the risk in normal women with 46,XX and approximately 14-fold higher than in men with 46,XY, consistent with the notion that SLE susceptibility is partly explained by an X chromosome gene-dose effect.
CONVENTIONAL VERSUS HIGH-DOSE TITRATABLE VASOPRESSIN INFUSIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF VASOPRESSOR DEPENDENT SEPTIC SHOCK (2002)

SOCIETY OF CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE 32ND CRITICAL CARE CONGRESS SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS, USA JANUARY 28-FEBRUARY 2, 2003: ORAL/SANDWICH PRESENTATIONS: Poster Presentation: Clinical Science: Sepsis Endocrinology/Vasopressin: PDF Only
Bilirubin Promotes De Novo Generation of T Regulatory Cells (2010)

We have previously demonstrated that bilirubin administration to the recipient induces tolerance towards islet cell transplants across a complete MHC mismatch in a mouse model. Here we assess the mechanisms of such protection. Bilirubin treatment of recipients improved function of islet allografts by suppressing expressions of proinflammatory and proapoptotic genes in those islets and by increasing Foxp3(+) T regulatory (Treg) cells at the site of transplanted islets at various days after transplantation. No prolongation of graft survival was observed in recipients treated with bilirubin when CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells were predepleted from those recipients, indicating that Treg cells are necessary for the protective effect of bilirubin. Adoptive transfer of Treg cells from tolerant mice into Rag1(-/-) recipients resulted in long-term acceptance of skin allografts in an alloantigen-specific manner, suggesting that Treg cells are sufficient to induce tolerance. In addition, bilirubin treatment promoted de novo generation of Treg cells in Rag1(-/-) recipients. Thus, bilirubin treatment to the recipients prolongs islet allograft survival via a Treg-dependent manner in which CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells are both necessary and sufficient for tolerance induction and graft acceptance. Bilirubin treatment promotes de novo generation of Treg cells that might account for the protective effects of bilirubin given to recipients.
Performance analysis of microcellisation with channel reservation, for supporting two mobility classes in cellular wireless networks (2002)

We study a two layer cellular wireless network supporting two mobility classes, and with channel reservation for different types of calls in the two layers. Fast calls are always assigned a channel in the macrolayer; a slow call first attempts to get a channel in the microlayer and, if blocked there, overflows to the macrolayer. Channels are reserved for fast calls in the macrolayer, and for handoff calls in both the layers. Various approximate analyses of an isolated cell are used to iteratively compute the blocking and dropping probabilities, and are compared with simulations. Finally, using a combination of approximate analysis and simulation, we propose a method to design a cellular network with specified grade of service (GoS). Such an approach results in a huge saving of computation time.
INTEGRATED SENSOR ORIENTATION - AN OEEPE TEST (2000)

The topic of image orientation by combined aerial triangulation with GPS/IMU, also called integrated sensor orientation, has received much attention lately. One of the main questions of fundamental relevance is, if and under which conditions the direct determination of the parameters of exterior orientation via GPS and IMU can be a complete substitute for aerial triangulation. A more practical question deals with the possibilities of an optimum combination of the different methods using a minimum of ground control points. The European Organisation for Experimental Photogrammetric Research (OEEPE) has embarked on a test investigating these issues. The main focus of the test is on the obtainable accuracy of integrated sensor orientation for large scale topographic mapping as determined at exterior orientation elements and at independent points on the ground. In this paper we describe details of the test which, when presented at the ISPRS Congress in Amsterdam, is still open for interested participants to join.
The Biology of Erythropoietin in the Central Nervous System and Its Neurotrophic and Neuroprotective Potential (2001)

This review summarizes published as well as preliminary data on the biology of erythropoietin (Epo) in the developing and mature human central nervous system (CNS). Both Epo receptor (Epo-R) and Epo gene expression underlie developmental changes and a brain-specific regulation. These features suggest a different role of Epo in normal brain development than in neuroprotection and neuronal tissue repair after brain injury. Epo concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid may have primary paracrine effects. While the transport of Epo across the intact blood brain barrier (BBB) is generally limited in humans, systemically produced or administrated Epo may cross during BBB dysfunction. Summarized data of the in vivo and in vitro effects of Epo in the CNS show significant neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects of this molecule. These effects are mediated by several mechanisms, including the activation of a variety of genes and their consecutive protein production. Therapeutic strategies involving activation of the CNS Epo-R are discussed, including the potential use of Epo mimetic peptides.
Characterization of a novel metabolic strategy used by drug‐resistant tumor cells (2002)

Acquired or inherent drug resistance is the major problem in achieving successful cancer treatment. However, the mechanism(s) of pleiotropic drug resistance remains obscure. We have identified and characterized a cellular metabolic strategy that differentiates drug-resistant cells from drug-sensitive cells. This strategy may serve to protect drug-resistant cells from damage caused by chemotherapeutic agents and radiation. We show that drug-resistant cells have low mitochondrial membrane potential, use nonglucose carbon sources (fatty acids) for mitochondrial oxygen consumption when glucose becomes limited, and are protected from exogenous stress such as radiation. In addition, drug-resistant cells express high levels of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2). The discovery of this metabolic strategy potentially facilitates the design of novel therapeutic approaches to drug resistance.
TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA2 , a Trichome and Seed Coat Development Gene of Arabidopsis, Encodes a WRKY Transcription Factor (2002)

Mutants of a new gene, TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA2 (TTG2), show disruptions to trichome development and to tannin and mucilage production in the seed coat. The gene was tagged by the endogenous transposon Tag1 and shown to encode a WRKY transcription factor. It is the first member of this large, plant-specific family known to control morphogenesis. The functions of all other WRKY genes revealed to date involve responses to pathogen attack, mechanical stress, and senescence. TTG2 is strongly expressed in trichomes throughout their development, in the endothelium of developing seeds (in which tannin is later generated) and subsequently in other layers of the seed coat, and in the atrichoblasts of developing roots. TTG2 acts downstream of the trichome initiation genes TTG1 and GLABROUS1, although trichome expression of TTG2 continues to occur if they are inactivated. Later, TTG2 shares functions with GLABRA2 in controlling trichome outgrowth. In the seed coat, TTG2 expression requires TTG1 function in the production of tannin. Finally, TTG2 also may be involved in specifying atrichoblasts in roots redundantly with other gene(s) but independently of TTG1 and GLABRA2.
Free DNA and Carcinoembryonic Antigen Serum Levels: An Important Combination for Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer (2006)

Free circulating DNA, especially when used in combination with CEA, represents a potentially useful tool for the diagnosis of early-stage colorectal cancer.