gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Well Placement on Production and Frac Design in a Mature Tight Gas Field (2005)

Abstract This paper details the application of microseismic fracture mapping in conjunction with in-depth treatment evaluation to improve infill well placement and understand fracture treatment behavior and well performance. Microseismic mapping was performed on two nearby infill wells, with a total of total of nine treatment stages mapped. The wells were Canyon sand completions located in the Sonora Field, Sutton County, Texas. The microseismic mapping results for Well A showed long fractures, averaging 845 ft, while the Well B mapping showed short fractures, averaging only 360 ft. Fracture heights varied considerably, ranging from 60 ft to 415 ft, with variations similar in both wells. In some cases fracture height growth from a lower stage would extend into the upper stage sand(s), indicating possible opportunities to optimize the number of stages pumped and perforation placement. The fracture azimuth in Well A exhibited a definite N40°E trend, while the results for Well B indicated very complex fracture growth with fracture propagation in more than one direction. The treatment behavior for these two wells was also very different, with Well A exhibiting lower instantaneous shut-in pressures (ISIPs) at the end of the jobs compared to Well B. Gas production from Well A was significantly better than Well B. After reviewing the placement of Well A &amp; B in conjunction with the likely fracture azimuth and subsequent elliptical production patterns for existing (older) offset wells, it became clear that offset well production in the vicinity of Well B had influenced fracture growth due to lower pore pressure and local changes in the stress field – resulting in complex fracture growth. In contrast to Well B, Well A was located in an area that was not significantly influenced by offset well production.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae survive intraleukocytic oxygen-independent antimicrobial capacities of anaerobic and aerobic granulocytes in the presence of pyocin lethal for extracellular gonococci (1986)

The resistance of a piliated, transparent variant of Neisseria gonorrhoeae FA19 to intraleukocytic killing by human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) was examined. In both aerobic and anaerobic PMN monolayers, approximately 2% of the intracellular gonococci survived for as long as 165 min. Anaerobic PMN were as effective as aerobic PMN in the intracellular killing of gonococci. Hence, O2-independent antimicrobial systems of PMN performed a significant role in the intraleukocytic killing of gonococci were intracellular was supported by the elimination of extracellular bacteria by the addition of pyocin 103 and confirmed by the fluorescent antibody staining of intact gonococci after the PMN were permeabilized to antibody with a Formalin-acetone treatment of PMN monolayers. Our data indicate that while the majority of ingested gonococci are killed by O2-independent antimicrobial systems, a small number (about 2%), survive even when care is taken to eliminate extracellular bacteria.
Achieving multimedia communications on a heterogeneous network (1990)

A heterogeneous intelligent network has been designed and implemented to allow multimedia real-time communications and messaging among local area network workstations with logically associated speakerphones and among ISDN voice/data terminals with transparent tablets on top of bitmap screens and stylus pens. The architecture, presentation, editing, storage, and retrieval of multimedia documents in these two different kinds of terminals are described. The messages and protocol conversion facilities used for multimedia communications are presented, as are the lessons learned in internetworking a local area network with ISDN.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Insulin Controlled-Release Microcapsules to Prolong the Hypoglycemic Effect in Diabetic Rats (1988)

A solvent evaporation process was employed for preparing insulin microcapsules by using biodegradable polymers [polylactic acid (PLA), HP-55] and non-biodegradable polymers [ethylcellulose (EC), ethylenevinyl acetate (EVA)]. The release behavior of insulin microcapsules in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer solution was undertaken by a continuous flow column method. Seven types of insulin microcapsules were respectively injected into the flanks of fasting-diabetic SD rats induced by streptozotocin. The glucose levels and insulin concentrations in the blood were periodically sampled from the tail and assayed by a glucose analyzer and RIA method. Body weights were measured twice per week. The release rate was controllably dependent on the polymer used. The PLA microcapsules could maintain normoglycemia only for five days, whereas the (PLA + 1%EVA) microcapsules exhibited two times the hypoglycemic effect of PLA microcapsules, but (PLA + 1%EVA) microcapsules treated with 4% wax extended the duration of hypoglycemic effects for two weeks. There was no significant effect for insulin-HP-55 microcapsules. The EC microcapsules prolonged the hypoglycemic effect for 15 days, however, the (EC + 1%EVA) microcapsules could maintain the same effect for up to three weeks. The slower the release rate of insulin microcapsules in vitro the longer the hypoglycemic effect of insulin microcapsules in vivo. A close relationship between in vitro release behavior and in vivo hypoglycemic efficacy of insulin microcapsules was obtained.
Susceptibility testing of fungi: current status of correlation of in vitro data with clinical outcome (1996)

In summary, it is clear that in vitro susceptibility testing can predict outcome in selected clinical situations. The clearest data are from the fluconazole-treated AIDS patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis. In this setting, the homogeneity of the underlying immune defect, combined with the ease of identification and monitoring of the infection, creates a near-perfect test situation. In more complex scenarios, such as the heterogeneous population of patients enrolled in a recent study of candidemia, no such clear-cut correlation was present. The importance of host factors in the correlation of the MIC with outcome cannot be overemphasized. Examples of these parameters include patient status (underlying disease, the presence of intravascular catheters, and CD4+ T-cell number), drug pharmacokinetics (absorption and distribution), patient compliance, and drug-drug interactions. Identification of relevant factors can substantially improve the degree of the MIC-outcome correlation and thus improve the clinical utility of in vitro testing. An important feature in this entire process is the role of standardized susceptibility testing procedures. While not without flaws, the proposed NCCLS reference method has been invaluable in allowing multiple investigators to contribute data that can be used to clarify the correlation between the fluconazole MIC and outcome. While the development of simplified second-generation methods is eagerly anticipated, the role of the reference method as a common touchstone is critical. Only by use of either the reference method itself or methods with a known relationship to the reference method can this broad collaborative process really proceed. Current work is focusing on defining interpretive breakpoints for fluconazole and Candida species, refinement of the in vitro procedures used to measure susceptibility to amphotericin B, ketoconazole, and itraconazole, and the acquisition of a broad base of data on the relationship between the MIC and outcome for these three drugs. Although considerable work remains to be done, the available data suggest that solutions to each of these problems are possible and that routine susceptibility testing of fungi will become meaningful for clinical decision making in the foreseeable future.
Recent advances in the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosainfections in cystic fibrosis (2011)

Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is caused by biofilm-growing mucoid strains. Biofilms can be prevented by early aggressive antibiotic prophylaxis or therapy, and they can be treated by chronic suppressive therapy. New results from one small trial suggest that addition of oral ciprofloxacin to inhaled tobramycin may reduce lung inflammation. Clinical trials with new formulations of old antibiotics for inhalation therapy (aztreonam lysine) against chronic P. aeruginosa infection improved patient-reported outcome, lung function, time to acute exacerbations and sputum density of P. aeruginosa. Other drugs such as quinolones are currently under investigation for inhalation therapy. A trial of the use of anti-Pseudomonas antibiotics for long-term prophylaxis showed no effect in patients who were not already infected. Use of azithromycin to treat CF patients without P. aeruginosa infection did not improve lung function. Here I review the recent advances in the treatment of P. aeruginosa lung infections with a focus on inhalation treatments targeted at prophylaxis and chronic suppressive therapy.
Thrombospondin-1 inhibits endothelial cell responses to nitric oxide in a cGMP-dependent manner (2005)

Redox signaling plays an important role in the positive regulation of angiogenesis by vascular endothelial growth factor, but its role in signal transduction by angiogenesis inhibitors is less clear. Using muscle explants in 3D culture, we found that explants from mice lacking the angiogenesis inhibitor thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) exhibit exaggerated angiogenic responses to an exogenous NO donor, which could be reversed by providing exogenous TSP1. To define the basis for inhibition by TSP1, we examined the effects of TSP1 on several proangiogenic responses of endothelial cells to NO. NO has a biphasic effect on endothelial cell proliferation. The positive effect at low doses of NO is sensitive to inhibition of cGMP signaling and picomolar concentrations of TSP1. NO stimulates both directed (chemotactic) and random (chemokinetic) motility of endothelial cells in a cGMP-dependent manner. TSP1 potently inhibits chemotaxis stimulated by NO. Low doses of NO also stimulate adhesion of endothelial cells on type I collagen in a cGMP-dependent manner. TSP1 potently inhibits this response both upstream and downstream of cGMP. NO-stimulated endothelial cell responses are inhibited by recombinant type 1 repeats of TSP1 and a CD36 agonist antibody but not by the N-terminal portion of TSP1, suggesting that CD36 or a related receptor mediates these effects. These results demonstrate a potent antagonism between TSP1 and proangiogenic signaling downstream of NO. Further elucidation of this inhibitory signaling pathway may identify new molecular targets to regulate pathological angiogenesis.
DNA typing and genetic mapping with trimeric and tetrameric tandem repeats. (1991)

Tandemly reiterated sequences represent a rich source of highly polymorphic markers for genetic linkage, mapping, and personal identification. Human trimeric and tetrameric short tandem repeats (STRs) were studied for informativeness, frequency, distribution, and suitability for DNA typing and genetic mapping. The STRs were highly polymorphic and inherited stably. A STR-based multiplex PCR for personal identification is described. It features fluorescent detection of amplified products on sequencing gels, specific allele identification, simultaneous detection of independent loci, and internal size standards. Variation in allele frequencies were explored for four U.S. populations. The three STR loci (chromosomes 4, 11, and X) used in the fluorescent multiplex PCR have a combined average individualization potential of 1/500 individuals. STR loci appear common, being found every 300-500 kb on the X chromosome. The combined frequency of polymorphic trimeric and tetrameric STRs could be as high as 1 locus/20 kb. The markers should be useful for genetic mapping, as they are sequence based, and can be multiplexed with the PCR. A method enabling rapid localization of STRs and determination of their flanking DNA sequences was developed, thus simplifying the identification of polymorphic STR loci. The ease by which STRs may be identified, as well as their genetic and physical mapping utility, give them the properties of useful sequence tagged sites (STSs) for the human genome initiative.
Analysis of output power variation under mismatched load in Power Amplifier FEM with directional coupler (2009)

Directional couplers are used for output power detection and control in both WCDMA and GSM/EDGE Power Amplifier (PA) Front End Modules (FEM). At high values of load VSWR, delivered power shows significant variations with the phase. Back-of-envelope calculations are used to estimate output power variations. The objective of this analysis is to define a unified platform for understanding the power control mechanism in PA FEM with directional coupler, explain known-best practices and provide insight into minimizing output power variation. It illustrates how a complex load at isolation port of directional coupler is used to compensate certain non-ideal factors in PA FEM. A practical approach to minimize delivered power variations systematically was implemented and verified in a PA FEM design.
Fibronectin and β-Catenin Act in a Regulatory Loop in Dermal Fibroblasts to Modulate Cutaneous Healing (2011)

β-Catenin is an important regulator of dermal fibroblasts during cutaneous wound repair. However, the factors that modulate β-catenin activity in this process are not completely understood. We investigated the role of the extracellular matrix in regulating β-catenin and found an increase in β-catenin-mediated Tcf-dependent transcriptional activity in fibroblasts exposed to various extracellular matrix components. This occurs through an integrin-mediated GSK3β-dependent pathway. The physiologic role of this mechanism was demonstrated during wound repair in extra domain A-fibronectin-deficient mice, which exhibited decreased β-catenin-mediated signaling during the proliferative phase of healing. Extra domain A-fibronectin-deficient mice have wounds that fail at a lower tensile strength and contain fewer fibroblasts compared with wild type mice. This phenotype was rescued by genetic or pharmacologic activation of β-catenin signaling. Because fibronectin is a transcriptional target of β-catenin, this suggests the existence of a feedback loop between these two molecules that regulates dermal fibroblast cell behavior during wound repair.
Obinutuzumab for the First-Line Treatment of Follicular Lymphoma (2017)

Obinutuzumab-based immunochemotherapy and maintenance therapy resulted in longer progression-free survival than rituximab-based therapy. High-grade adverse events were more common with obinutuzumab-based chemotherapy. (Funded by F. Hoffmann-La Roche; GALLIUM ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01332968 .).
Effect of Long-Term Mild Hypothermia or Short-Term Mild Hypothermia on Outcome of Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (2005)

To compare the effect of long-term mild hypothermia versus short-term mild hypothermia on the outcome of 215 severe traumatic brain injured patients with cerebral contusion and intracranial hypertension. At three medical centers, 215 patients aged 18 to 45 years old with an admission Glasgow Coma Scale < or =8 within 4 h after injury were randomly divided into two groups: long-term mild hypothermia group (n = 108) for 5+/-1.3 days mild hypothermia therapy and short-term mild hypothermia group (n = 107) for 2+/-0.6 days mild hypothermia therapy. All patients had intracranial hypertension and frontotemporoparietal contusion with midline shift >1 cm confirmed on computed tomographic scan. Glasgow Outcome Scale at 6-month follow-up, 47 cases had favorable outcome (43.5%), and other 61 cases had unfavorable outcome (56.5%) in the long-term mild hypothermia group. However, only 31 cases had favorable outcome (29.0%), and other 76 cases had unfavorable outcome (71.0%) in the short-term mild hypothermia group (P < 0.05). The intracranial pressure significantly rebounded after rewarming in the short-term mild hypothermia group, but not in the long-term mild hypothermia (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the incidence of stress ulcer, epilepsy, pulmonary infection, intracranial infection did not significantly differ between the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with short-term mild hypothermia, long-term mild hypothermia significantly improves the outcome of severe traumatic brain injured patients with cerebral contusion and intracranial hypertension without significant complications. Our data suggest that 5 days of long-term cooling is more efficacious than 2 days of short-term cooling when mild hypothermia is used to control refractory intracranial hypertension in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.
Design and Analysis of Effects of Triplet Repeat Oligonucleotides in Cell Models for Myotonic Dystrophy (2013)

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is caused by DM protein kinase (DMPK) transcripts containing an expanded (CUG)n repeat. Antisense oligonucleotide (AON)-mediated suppression of these mutant RNAs is considered a promising therapeutic strategy for this severe disorder. Earlier, we identified a 2'-O-methyl (2'-OMe) phosphorothioate (PT)-modified (CAG)7 oligo (PS58), which selectively silences mutant DMPK transcripts through recognition of the abnormally long (CUG)n tract. We present here a comprehensive collection of triplet repeat AONs and found that oligo length and nucleotide chemistry are important determinants for activity. For significant reduction of expanded DMPK mRNAs, a minimal length of five triplets was required. 2'-O,4'-C-ethylene-bridged nucleic acid (ENA)-modified AONs appeared not effective, probably due to lack of nuclear internalization. Selectivity for products from the expanded DMPK allele in patient myoblasts, an important requirement to minimize unwanted side effects, appeared also dependent on AON chemistry. In particular, RNase-H-dependent (CAG)n AONs did not show (CUG)n length specificity. We provide evidence that degradation of long DMPK transcripts induced by PS58-type AONs is an RNase-H independent process, does not involve oligo-intrinsic RNase activity nor does it interfere with splicing of DMPK transcripts. Our collection of triplet repeat AONs forms an important resource for further development of a safe therapy for DM1 and other unstable microsatellite diseases.Molecular Therapy-Nucleic Acids (2013) 2, e81; doi:10.1038/mtna.2013.9; published online 19 March 2013.
15-Lipoxygenase Catalytically Consumes Nitric Oxide and Impairs Activation of Guanylate Cyclase (1999)

Analysis of purified soybean and rabbit reticulocyte 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) and PA317 cells transfected with human 15-LOX revealed a rapid rate of linoleate-dependent nitric oxide (.NO) uptake that coincided with reversible inhibition of product ((13S)-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid, or (13S)-HPODE) formation. No reaction of .NO (up to 2 microM) with either native (Ered) or ferric LOXs (0.2 microM) metal centers to form nitrosyl complexes occurred at these .NO concentrations. During HPODE-dependent activation of 15-LOX, there was consumption of 2 mol of .NO/mol of 15-LOX. Stopped flow fluorescence spectroscopy showed that.NO (2.2 microM) did not alter the rate or extent of (13S)-HPODE-induced tryptophan fluorescence quenching associated with 15-LOX activation. Additionally, .NO does not inhibit the anaerobic peroxidase activity of 15-LOX, inferring that the inhibitory actions of .NO are due to reaction with the enzyme-bound lipid peroxyl radical, rather than impairment of (13S)-HPODE-dependent enzyme activation. From this, a mechanism of 15-LOX inhibition by .NO is proposed whereby reaction of .NO with EredLOO. generates Ered and LOONO, which hydrolyzes to (13S)-HPODE and nitrite (NO2-). Reactivation of Ered, considerably slower than dioxygenase activity, is then required to complete the catalytic cycle and leads to a net inhibition of rates of (13S)-HPODE formation. This reaction of .NO with 15-LOX inhibited. NO-dependent activation of soluble guanylate cyclase and consequent cGMP production. Since accelerated .NO production, enhanced 15-LOX gene expression, and 15-LOX product formation occurs in diverse inflammatory conditions, these observations indicate that reactions of .NO with lipoxygenase peroxyl radical intermediates will result in modulation of both .NO bioavailability and rates of production of lipid signaling mediators.
Cross-Sectional and 4-Year Longitudinal Associations Between Brachial Pulse Pressure and Common Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in a General Population (1999)

This longitudinal study of a large population of relatively aged subjects suggests that elevated levels of PP are associated with the progression of CCA-IMT, and increased CCA-IMT is associated with PP widening. The nature of these relationships and whether atherosclerosis progression over time is involved or not in these associations merit further investigations.
Effects of Iontophoresis Current Magnitude and Duration on Dexamethasone Deposition and Localized Drug Retention (2003)

From data gathered with the gel model, the authors developed a model of a potential mechanism of drug depot formation following iontophoresis. The authors believe this drug depot formation to be due to exchange of drug ions for chloride ions as the ionic current carriers. Furthermore, diffusion, not magnitude of current, appears to govern the depth of drug penetration. Although the authors did not address the efficacy of the drug delivered, the results of human experiments suggest that current magnitude and duration should be considered as factors in treating musculoskeletal dysfunctions with iontophoresis using DEX/DEX-P at a concentration of 4 mg/mL.
Synthesis and Size-Controllable Self-Assembly of a Novel Amphiphilic Hyperbranched Multiarm Copolyether (2005)

A series of novel hyperbranched multiarm copolyethers of PEHO-star-PPO with different molar ratios of PPO arms to PEHO cores (RA/C) were synthesized. NMR and SEC measurements confirm the molecular structure of PEHO-star-PPOs. Both glass transition temperature (Tg) and decomposition temperature (Td) of PEHO-star-PPO decrease with increasing RA/C. The self-assembly behavior of PEHO-star-PPO copolymers was investigated by TEM, SEM, DLS, etc. The results indicate that the ill-defined PEHO-star-PPO molecules could aggregate into large spherical micelles (over 100 nm) with controlled sizes, and the micelle size decreases as RA/C increases. The structure of the large micelles was explored by FT-IR, NMR, etc. Accordingly, a possible self-assembly process is put forward, and a new aggregate model termed as multimicelle aggregate (MMA) (Figure 9C) is suggested to explain the formation of the large micelles. In MMA model, the large micelles are the aggregates of small micelles associated by intermicellar interactions such as hydrogen bonds.