gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Global and Local Image Descriptors for Content Based Image Retrieval and Object Recognition (2011)

This article develops two descriptors global and local for colored images. The first allows to do image retrieval while the second is applied to object recognition. First we combine color and texture attributes in a unique framework. Our approach is based on the physical properties of light bouncing from a scene. Furthermore, it is claimed that the distribution of Gabor filter outputs can also be provided by a Rayleigh. Filter.Thus, we deduce the RayleighGaussian framework from the Gabor-Gaussian one. Then we compute a descriptor based on statistical measures performed on Rayleigh-Gaussian features. Secondly, we propose a new detection function for interest points and a new characterization of such points. The detection function extends the Harris Laplace method. Our function extracts features invariant to rotation and scale from color images. We use the second moment as a basis of corner decision. Around each feature point we compute a texture descriptor using the Gabor filter. As an evaluation of this new class of interest points, we have implemented a recognition method of 3D objects by indexing a data base on object views; this method is similar to the Lowe method, except that that SIFT features and descriptors are replaced by the ones proposed in our approach.
The First Targeted Delivery of siRNA in Humans via a Self-Assembling, Cyclodextrin Polymer-Based Nanoparticle: From Concept to Clinic (2009)

Experimental therapeutics developed to exploit RNA interference (RNAi) are now in clinical studies. Here, the translation from concept to clinic for the first experimental therapeutic to provide targeted delivery of synthetic, small interfering RNA (siRNA) in humans is described. This targeted, nanoparticle formulation of siRNA, denoted as CALAA-01, consists of a cyclodextrin-containing polymer (CDP), a polythethylene glycol (PEG) steric stabilization agent, and human transferrin (Tf) as a targeting ligand for binding to transferrin receptors (TfR) that are typically upregulated on cancer cells. The four component formulation is self-assembled into nanoparticles in the pharmacy and administered intravenously (iv) to patients. The designed features of this experimental therapeutic are described, and their functions illustrated.
Molecular Biomethods Handbook (1998)

In the Molecular Biomethods Handbook, Ralph Rapley and John Walker assemble an authoritative team of investigators to illuminate the core bioanalytical techniques used every day in their own laboratories, and laboratories throughout the world. These highly experienced writers fully explain both the theory behind, and the application of, these key techniques, and include extensive references for those seeking detailed laboratory protocols. The techniques covered range from the extraction, separation, detection, and characterization of nucleic acids to gene cloning and library production, mapping, expression, transgenesis, differential display, and DNA profiling, to name a few. Numerous key protein methods, as well as support and related techniques, are also included. The Molecular Biomethods Handbook provides both established scientists and novices who are new to these techniques a deeper understanding of the widest variety of biotechniques-and how to use them successfully. The resulting insights will significantly enhance your ability to investigate and define biological processes at the molecular level
Serum Total Homocysteine and Coronary Heart Disease (1995)

In the general population serum total homocysteine is an independent risk factor for CHD with no threshold level.
Identification of disulfide-linked transforming growth factor-beta 1-specific binding proteins in rat glomeruli. (1990)

We have identified two distinct classes of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-binding proteins by affinity labeling rat glomeruli with 125I-TGF-beta 1 and 125I-TGF-beta 2. The first type consists of a group of proteins that bind TGF-beta 1 but do not bind TGF-beta 2. When 125I-TGF-beta 1 affinity-labeled glomeruli were separated under nonreducing conditions, four prominent bands with Mr values of 320,000, 260,000, 170,000, and 90,000 were observed. Following reduction, the 320,000 and 170,000 bands yielded only a 100,000 band, the 260,000 complex yielded bands of 200,000, 100,000, and 85,000, and the 90,000 band migrated with an Mr of 85,000. Binding of 125I-TGF-beta 1 to these proteins was unaffected by the addition of as much as a 1,000-fold excess of TGF-beta 2. The second type of glomerular TGF-beta-binding protein consists of Mr 160,000-200,000 and 280,000 proteins that bind both TGF-beta 1 and beta 2. Digestion of these affinity-labeled proteins with heparitinase and chondroitinase resulted in a decrease of approximately 40,000 in their apparent molecular weights. Glomerular TGF-beta 1-binding proteins are distinct from previously described TGF-beta-binding proteins in their specificity for TGF-beta 1 and their formation of disulfide-linked multimers. The TGF-beta 1/beta 2-binding proteins share some properties of the previously described type III TGF-beta receptor.
Minimally Invasive Surgery Plus Recombinant Tissue-type Plasminogen Activator for Intracerebral Hemorrhage Evacuation Decreases Perihematomal Edema (2013)

Hematoma evacuation is associated with significant reduction in PHE. Furthermore, PHE does not seem to be exacerbated by rt-PA, making such neurotoxic effects unlikely when the drug is delivered to intracranial clot.
LETHALITY FOR MICE OF VEGETATIVE AND SPORE FORMS OF BACILLUS CEREUS AND BACILLUS CEREUS -LIKE INSECT PATHOGENS INJECTED INTRAPERITONEALLY AND SUBCUTANEOUSLY (1963)

Lamanna, Carl (Army Research Office, Washington, D.C.) and Linda Jones. Lethality for mice of vegetative and spore forms of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus cereus-like insect pathogens injected intraperitoneally and subcutaneously. J. Bacteriol. 85:532-535. 1963.-Lethality for mice of Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis (two strains), var. sotto (one strain), var. alesti (one strain), and B. entomocidus var. entomocidus (one strain) maintained on artificial laboratory media is dependent upon the route of injection, the number of the bacilli, and their biological state, i.e., vegetative or spore form. Deaths did not occur upon subcutaneous injection of tenfold greater numbers of organisms than the ld(50) dose for the intraperitoneal route. From 10 to 100 times the number of spores were required to kill than vegetative bacilli given intraperitoneally. These observations duplicated those made with strains of B. cereus. For both types of spore forms, from 5 x 10(5) to 5 x 10(7) vegetative organisms were required for one intraperitoneal ld(50). With two strains of highly virulent B. anthracis, ld(50) values were the same for the vegetative and spore states, and for subcutaneous and intraperitoneal injections. Thus, the insect pathogenic sporeforming bacteria tested are more like B. cereus than like B. anthracis in their capacity to infect mice. The similarity to B. cereus extends to the rapidity of death after fatal injection of the insect pathogenic strains. The medical and taxonomic implications of the observations are discussed.
Abstract A059: Efficacy of anti-ICOS agonist monoclonal antibodies in preclinical tumor models provides a rationale for clinical development as cancer immunotherapeutics (2016)

Abstract ICOS (inducible co-stimulator molecule) is a T cell encoded member of the extended B7/CD28 superfamily that is up-regulated upon early T cell activation. Previous studies have shown that higher ICOS expression on circulating T cells, post treatment with ipilimumab, is associated with better clinical outcome. In complementary pre-clinical studies, efficacy observed with a whole cell vaccine consisting of ICOS-L expressing B16 melanoma (IVAX) suggests that agonism of this pathway could provide therapeutic benefit in the cancer setting. In accordance with these observations, we generated a panel of anti-ICOS monoclonal antibodies with in vitro agonist properties. A lead series of mAbs were shown to be efficacious as monotherapies in syngeneic tumors models with enhanced tumor inhibition observed in combination with anti-PD1. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that tumor regression is associated with enhanced ratios of cytotoxic CD8/regulatory T (Tregs) cells and that this change is related to preferential reduction in ICOS high Tregs in the tumor microenvironment. These data provided the rationale for development of a high affinity humanized agonist monoclonal antibody to be tested in both mono therapy and in combination with other T cell checkpoints. Our lead anti-ICOS antibody is currently in IND-enabling studies and will be tested for activity in solid tumor indications. Citation Format: Kutlu Elpek, Christopher Harvey, Ellen Duong, Tyler Simpson, Jenny Shu, Lindsey Shallberg, Matt Wallace, Sriram Sathy, Robert Mabry, Jennifer Michaelson, Michael Briskin. Efficacy of anti-ICOS agonist monoclonal antibodies in preclinical tumor models provides a rationale for clinical development as cancer immunotherapeutics. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR Inaugural International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; September 16-19, 2015; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A059.
The Role of Protegrins and Other Elastase-Activated Polypeptides in the Bactericidal Properties of Porcine Inflammatory Fluids (1998)

The mammalian host response to infection includes the production and secretion of antimicrobial peptides from phagocytes and epithelial cells. Protegrins, a group of broadly microbicidal peptides isolated originally from porcine neutrophil lysates, were found to be stored as inactive proforms in porcine neutrophil granules but could be activated extracellularly by neutrophil elastase. We assessed the biological role of protegrins and other elastase-activated polypeptides in the microbicidal activity of neutrophil secretions and inflammatory fluids. When stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), neutrophils generated stable microbicidal activity against both Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes under normal-salt conditions and in the presence of 0 to 10% serum. The generation of these antimicrobial substances was dependent on neutrophil elastase, since it was inhibited by 1 mM N-methoxysuccinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val chloromethyl ketone when it was present during activation, but not when this inhibitor was added afterwards. However, elastase-dependent activation of proprotegrins to protegrins in PMA-stimulated neutrophils was not inhibited by the presence of 1 to 2% serum. Porcine neutrophils also released antibacterial activity during phagocytosis of latex beads, and this too was dependent in large part on elastase-activated polypeptides, including protegrins. Moreover, protegrins were found at bactericidal concentrations in cell-free abscess fluid from naturally infected pigs. Taken together, these studies show that protegrins and other elastase-activated polypeptides are important stable antibacterial factors in porcine neutrophil secretions. The potential host defense role of elastase as an activating enzyme for the precursors of microbicidal peptides must be taken into account when therapeutic inhibitors of neutrophil elastase are evaluated for clinical use as anti-inflammatory agents.
Receipt management- transaction history based trust establishment (2007)

In a history-based trust-management system, users and service providers use information about past transactions to make trust-based decisions concerningcurrent transactions. One category of such systems is represented by the reputation systems. However, despite the growing body of experience in building reputation systems, there are several limitations on how they are typically implemented. They often rely on scores that are evaluated by service providers and are often not reliable or well understood. We believe that reputation hasto be based on objective and reliable information. In such context, transaction histories play an important role. In this paper, we present the VeryIDX systemthat implements an electronic receipt infrastructure and supports protocols to build and manage online transaction history of users. The receipt protocols are shown to have several essential security and privacy properties. We present a basic yet reasonably expressive language which provides service providers with a new way to establish trust based on users' transaction history. We alsodescribe the architecture and prototype implementation of VeryIDX, based on several important design considerations of a real-world e-commerce system infrastructure.
Amino acid sequence of a novel Kunitz‐type chymotrypsin inhibitor from hemolymph of silkworm larvae, Bombyx mori (1984)

The primary structure of the chymotrypsin inhibitor (SCI‐III), from larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori , has been determined. This inhibitor seems to be a Kunitz‐type inhibitor judging from the sequence homology with the bovine basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, but has one more amino acid in the half‐cystine frame nearest the N‐terminus. The amino acid at the deduced reactive site (P 1 ) is phenylalanine and this inhibitor is the first example of the Kunitz type that is assigned phenylalanine to its reactive site.
Intravenous Injections in Neonatal Mice (2014)

Intravenous injection is a clinically applicable manner to deliver therapeutics. For adult rodents and larger animals, intravenous injections are technically feasible and routine. However, some mouse models can have early onset of disease with a rapid progression that makes administration of potential therapies difficult. The temporal (or facial) vein is just anterior to the ear bud in mice and is clearly visible for the first two days after birth on either side of the head using a dissecting microscope. During this window, the temporal vein can be injected with volumes up to 50 μl. The injection is safe and well tolerated by both the pups and the dams. A typical injection procedure is completed within 1-2 min, after which the pup is returned to the home cage. By the third postnatal day the vein is difficult to visualize and the injection procedure becomes technically unreliable. This technique has been used for delivery of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors, which in turn can provide almost body-wide, stable transgene expression for the life of the animal depending on the viral serotype chosen.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Thermal Stability of LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3−zMgzO2, LiNi1/3−zMn1/3Co1/3MgzO2, and LiNi1/3Mn1/3−zCo1/3MgzO2 (2009)

LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3−zMgzO2, LiNi1/3−zMn1/3Co1/3MgzO2, and LiNi1/3Mn1/3−zCo1/3MgzO2 (0≤ z ≤ 1/3) were prepared from hydroxide precursors. The hydroxide precursors were heated with Li2CO3 at 900 °C to prepare the oxides. Rietveld refinements of XRD data show that Mg substitution for Co, Ni and Mn results in different degrees of cation mixing in the Li layer with very little cation mixing in LiNi1/3Mn1/3−zCo1/3MgzO2 and the most cation mixing in LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3−zMgzO2. Electrochemical studies of the LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3−zMgzO2, LiNi1/3−zMn1/3Co1/3MgzO2, and LiNi1/3Mn1/3−zCo1/3MgzO2 (0 ≤ z ≤ 1/3) samples were used to measure the rate of capacity reduction with Mg content, found to be about −389 (mAh/g)/(z = 1) independent of which cation was substituted by Mg. The impact of Mg substitution on the thermal stability of NMC samples was studied via accelerating rate calorimetry and compared with Al-substituted NMC samples. The substitution of Mg did not improve the thermal stability of the samples, independent of which cation was substituted and independent of the amount of Mg added, in contrast to the effect of Al, which dramatically improves thermal stability.
Cellular receptor for 125I-labeled tumor necrosis factor: specific binding, affinity labeling, and relationship to sensitivity. (1985)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a proteinaceous toxin shed by stimulated myeloid cells. Murine TNF was radioiodinated to a specific activity of 1 mCi/nmol (1 Ci = 37 GBq) of monomer. 125I-labeled TNF (125I-TNF) retained complete cytotoxic activity and it was immunochemically identical to the native toxin in a quantitative immunoprecipitation assay. It could be shown by competition binding that 125I-TNF bound to intact L929 cells with a specificity equal to that of native toxin. The conditions of time, temperature, and concentration involved in equilibrium specific binding to intact cells were studied in detail. When binding was carried out at 4 degrees C for 18 hr, four cell lines sensitive to 125I-TNF cytotoxicity demonstrated high-affinity binding. The binding reached half-maximal level at 3 pM and saturated at 30 pM. These concentrations approximated those required for cell death. Scatchard analysis gave approximately 1000 sites per cell. J774.1 cells, the source of the toxin, demonstrated similar binding but were not sensitive to 125I-TNF cytotoxicity. Other sensitive cell lines and freshly extracted tumor cells showed specific binding at 3 pM. Normal lymphoid organ cell suspensions and two human tumorigenic cell lines were not sensitive and failed to demonstrate specific binding. 125I-TNF, covalently cross-linked to its receptor on sensitive L-M cells with disuccinimidyl suberate, was isolated and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Two specific bands were identified. The most prominent band had a mobility corresponding to a molecular mass of 95 kDa and the second band had a molecular mass of 75 kDa. The presence of the binding site appears to be necessary but not sufficient to explain the sensitivity of cells to the cytotoxic action of TNF.
Improved parallel interference cancellation for CDMA (1998)

This paper introduces an improved nonlinear parallel interference cancellation scheme for code-division multiple access (CDMA) that significantly reduces the degrading effect on the desired user of interference from the other users that share the channel. The implementation complexity of the scheme is linear in the number of users and operates on the fact that parallel processing simultaneously removes from each user a part of the interference produced by the remaining users accessing the channel the amount being proportional to their reliability. The parallel processing can be done in multiple stages. The proposed scheme uses tentative decision devices at the multiple stages to produce the most reliably estimated received data for generation and cancellation of user interference. Simulation results are given for a multitude of different situations, in particular, those cases for which the analysis is too complex.
TLR9 in Health and Disease (2006)

Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is specialized for the recognition of pathogenic nucleic acids. TLR9 is expressed in intracellular compartments where it responds specifically to pathogen DNA. Several factors contribute to the ability of TLR9 to discriminate between self and foreign DNA. Regulatory mechanisms of the innate and adaptive immune system exist that balance the immune responses mediated by TLR9. Short synthetic CpG oligodeoxynucleotides are used to induce controlled and directed TLR9-dependent stimulation and are effective immune modulators in preclinical and clinical studies. This review will summarize the interplay between TLR9-dependent opposing stimulatory and regulatory effects in innate and adaptive immunity.
Diabetes Mellitus: A Potential Target for Stem Cell Therapy (2006)

Type 1 diabetes mellitus has received much attention recently as a potential target for the emerging science of stem cell medicine. In this autoimmune disease, the insulin-secreting beta-cells of the pancreas are selectively and irreversibly destroyed by autoimmune assault. Advances in islet transplantation procedures now mean that patients with the disease can be cured by transplantation of primary human islets of Langerhans. A major drawback in this therapy is the availability of donor islets, and the search for substitute transplant tissues has intensified in the last few years. This review will describe the essential requirements of a material designed as a replacement beta-cell and will look at the potential sources of such replacements. These include embryonic stem (ES) cells and multipotent adult stem/progenitor cells from a range of tissues including the pancreas, intestine, liver, bone marrow and brain. These stem cell populations will be evaluated and the different experimental approaches that have been employed to derive functional insulin-expressing cells will be discussed. The review will also look at the capability of human ES (hES) cells generated by somatic cell nuclear transfer and some adult stem cell populations such as bone marrow-derived stem cells, to offer autologous transplant material that would remove the need for immunosuppression. In patients with Type 1 diabetes, auto-reactive T-cells are programmed to recognise the insulin-producing beta-cells. As a result, for therapeutic replacement tissues, it may be more sensible to derive cells that behave like beta-cells but are immunologically distinct. Thus, the potential of cells derived from non-beta-cell origin to avoid the autoimmune response will also be discussed. Finally, the review will summarise the future prospects for stem cell therapies for diabetes and will highlight some of the problems that may be faced by researchers working in this area, such as malignancy, irreproducible differentiation strategies, immune-system rejection and social and ethical concerns over the use of hES cells.
Gaucher disease: molecular heterogeneity and phenotype-genotype correlations. (1989)

Gaucher disease (GD) is the most prevalent lysosomal storage disease. This autosomal recessive trait results from the defective activity of acid beta-glucosidase (beta-Glc). Four different exonic point mutations have been identified as causal alleles for GD. To facilitate screening for these alleles, assays were developed using allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization to amplified genomic DNA sequences. Specifically, intron bases flanking exons 5, 9, and 10 were determined, and conditions for PCR amplification of these exons were obtained. Two different procedures were developed to distinguish signals obtained from the structural beta-Glc gene exons and those from the pseudogene. These procedures were used to determine the distribution of all known GD alleles in a population of 44 affected patients of varying phenotypes and ethnicity. The high frequency of one of the exon 9 mutations in Ashkenazi Jewish GD type 1 patients was confirmed, and, in addition, this mutation was present in ethnically diverse non-Jewish type 1 GD patients. Homozygotes (N = 5) for this allele were midly affected older individuals, and this mutant allele was not found in any patient with neuronopathic disease. The exon 10 mutation was confirmed as the predominant allele in types 2 and 3 GD. However, several type 1 GD patients, including one of Ashkenazi-Jewish heritage, also were heterozygous for this allele. The presence of this allele in type 1 patients did not correlate with the severity of clinical symptoms. The second exon 9 mutation and the exon 5 mutation were rare, since they occurred only heterozygously either in one type 2 GD patient or in two related Ashkenazi-Jewish GD patients, respectively. Although most GD patients (38 of 44) had at least one of the known mutant alleles, 57% were heterozygotes for only one of these mutations. Fourteen percent of patients were negative for all mutations. A total of 73% of GD patients had at least one unknown allele. The varying clinical phenotypes and ethnic origins of these incompletely characterized patients suggest that multiple other GD alleles exist.