gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduction in HTLV‐I proviral load and spontaneous lymphoproliferation in HTLV‐I–associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis patients treated with humanized anti‐tac (1998)

Human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a neurological disease that results from an interaction of retroviral infection and immune activation. In this study, five doses (1 mg/kg) of humanized anti-Tac antibody were administered to 9 HAM/TSP patients at weeks 0, 2, 6, 10, and 14. Preliminary immunological studies on HAM/TSP patients treated with humanized anti-Tac indicate that there is a selective down-regulation of activated T cells and a decrease in the HTLV-I viral load in peripheral blood lymphocytes, most likely through the selective removal of HTLV-I-infected, activated CD4+ lymphocytes.
SELECTION OF lys2 MUTANTS OF THE YEAST SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE BY THE UTILIZATION OF α-AMINOADIPATE (1979)

Normal strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae do not use alpha-aminoadipate as a principal nitrogen source. However, alpha-aminoadipate is utilized as a nitrogen source by lys2 and lys5 strains having complete or partial deficiencies of alpha-aminoadipate reductase and, to a limited extent, by heterozygous lys2/+ strains. Lys2 mutants were conveniently selected on media containing alpha-aminoadipate as a nitrogen source, lysine, and other supplements to furnish other possible auxotrophic requirements. The lys2 mutations were obtained in a variety of laboratory strains containing other markers, including other lysine mutations. In addition to the predominant class of lys2 mutants, low frequencies of lys5 mutants and mutants not having any obvious lysine requirement were recovered on alpha-aminoadipate medium. The mutants not requiring lysine appeared to have mutations at the lys2 locus that caused partial deficiencies of alpha-aminoadipate reductase. Such partial deficiencies are believed to be sufficiently permissive to allow lysine biosynthesis, but sufficiently restrictive to allow for the utilization of alpha-aminoadipate. Although it is unknown why partial or complete deficiencies of alpha-aminoadipate reductase cause utilization of alpha-aminoadipate as a principal nitrogen source, the use of alpha-aminoadipate medium has considerable utility as a selective medium for lys2 and lys5 mutants.
Deep Feature Flow for Video Recognition (2017)

Deep convolutional neutral networks have achieved great success on image recognition tasks. Yet, it is non-trivial to transfer the state-of-the-art image recognition networks to videos as per-frame evaluation is too slow and unaffordable. We present deep feature flow, a fast and accurate framework for video recognition. It runs the expensive convolutional sub-network only on sparse key frames and propagates their deep feature maps to other frames via a flow field. It achieves significant speedup as flow computation is relatively fast. The end-to-end training of the whole architecture significantly boosts the recognition accuracy. Deep feature flow is flexible and general. It is validated on two recent large scale video datasets. It makes a large step towards practical video recognition. Code would be released.
Solid-Phase Enzymatic Synthesis of Oligonucleotides (1999)

[formula: see text] The controlled and selective synthesis of oligonucleotides on the solid phase is possible under mild aqueous conditions using the enzyme T4 RNA ligase, the resins being tentagel or kieselguhr/polydimethylacrylamide.
Photopheresis in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (2012)

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is the overall name for a group of malignancies in which malignant T-lymphocytes localize at the skin. Of the current 20 recognized subtypes of the disease, the most common are mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome. Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP), an immunomodulating procedure that treats pheresed blood with a photoactive agent, received US Food and Drug Administration approval in 1988 as a medical device for the treatment of CTCL patients, one of many treatment options for such patients. This was followed in 2003 by guidelines in the United Kingdom that recommended ECP for patients with advanced CTCL, particularly after skin-directed treatment options have failed. ECP is now under investigation for use in patients with earlier stages of CTCL. This article reviews the evolution of the ECP technique – for example, the most recent generation of the device requires a lower extracorporeal volume of blood than the previous version did, thus making it possible for more patients to be candidates for the procedure. In addition, there has been progress in understanding how ECP works at the cellular level.
Differential Regulation and Function of CD73, a Glycosyl-Phosphatidylinositol–linked 70-kD Adhesion Molecule, on Lymphocytes and Endothelial Cells (1997)

CD73, otherwise known as ecto-5'-nucleotidase, is a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-linked 70-kD molecule expressed on different cell types, including vascular endothelial cells (EC) and certain subtypes of lymphocytes. There is strong evidence for lymphocyte CD73 having a role in several immunological phenomena such as lymphocyte activation, proliferation, and adhesion to endothelium, but the physiological role of CD73 in other cell types is less clear. To compare the biological characteristics of CD73 in different cell types, we have studied the structure, function, and surface modulation of CD73 on lymphocytes and EC. CD73 molecules on lymphocytes are shed from the cell surface as a consequence of triggering with an anti-CD73 mAb, mimicking ligand binding. In contrast, triggering of endothelial CD73 does not have any effect on its expression. Lymphocyte CD73 is susceptible to phosphatidylinositol phospholipase, whereas only a small portion of CD73 on EC could be removed by this enzyme. Furthermore, CD73 on EC was unable to deliver a tyrosine phosphorylation inducing signal upon mAb triggering, whereas triggering of lymphocyte CD73 can induce tyrosine phosphorylation. Despite the functional differences, CD73 molecules on lymphocytes and EC were practically identical structurally, when studied at the protein, mRNA, and cDNA level. Thus, CD73 is an interesting example of a molecule which lacks structural variants but yet has a wide diversity of biological functions. We suggest that the ligand-induced shedding of lymphocyte CD73 represents an important and novel means of controlling lymphocyte-EC interactions.
Human-Computer Etiquette: MANAGING EXPECTIONS with INTENTIONAL AGENTS (2004)

The computer is, at some level, just a hunk of silicon and plastic- every bit as inert as the hammer. Somewhere between the hammer and the computer lies a threshold of complexity and capacity for autonomous action that, when surpasses, tempts us to ascribe agent-like qualities such as awareness and intent. We interact with agents on a social level and increasingly so with increases in the complexity of behavior and of interaction which the agent affords. Since we cant predict or understand all of an agent's actions, should behave in various roles and contexts. These codes enable us to infer what specific behavior mean, in terms of the agent's intentions and beliefs. Not surprisingly, we have evolved a wealth of such expectations for interactions with the most complex and unpredictable agents with whom we regularly work and live - other humans. Some of these codes are quite explicit- such as the communication protocols in which pilots and air traffic controllers are trained, or the rituals of a religious service- but others subtle and largely implicit. These patterns or rules of expectation are what we call "etiquette."
Recommendations for a nomenclature system for human gene mutations (1998)

29, 1996 in San Francisco, California.As a chairperson of the Nomenclature committee, the first author had accepted the task of preparing and circulating a document with recommendations for debate, further discussions and most importantly
Adenovirus-mediated p53 gene transfer inhibits growth of human tumor cells expressing mutant p53 protein. (1996)

Human malignancies are often characterized by mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene. In a large proportion of cases, the mutation results in production of an altered protein that can bind and inactivate the wild-type gene product. This "dominant-negative" activity of mutant p53 molecules may limit the utility of p53 gene therapy of cancer. Using replication-deficient recombinant adenoviruses (rAd-p53) as a p53 gene delivery system, we evaluated the effects of p53 reintroduction on a series of 45 human cell lines containing wild-type, mutated, or no p53 protein. Results indicate a p53-specific, dose-dependent, and promoter-specific growth inhibition of a majority of p53-altered cell lines that correlates with the degree of adenovirus transgene expression. Similar effects were not observed on cells containing wild-type p53. rAd-p53 inhibited the growth of cells expressing various mutant p53 proteins including those characterized as "dominant negative mutants", and the antiproliferative effects were not abrogated by high levels of endogenous mutated p53 protein. In vivo, rAd-p53 also suppressed tumor growth and increased survival of nude mice bearing tumors that express mutant p53. These results support a role for p53 gene therapy of cancer, including malignancies harboring mutations in this tumor suppressor gene.
Demodicidosis Revisited (2002)

Demodex mites are common commensals of the pilosebaceous unit in mammals. In humans, only two species (Demodex folliculorum and D. brevis) have been identified and have been implied to play a role in at least three facial conditions: pityriasis folliculorum, rosacea-like demodicidosis and so-called "demodicidosis gravis". However, there is no consensus to what degree the mites are causative of the skin pathology and how they might contribute to the disease. This review presents a demodicidosis case, discusses the clinical features of Demodex infestation in man and reviews its pathogenetic implications and the therapeutic options.
Selected characteristics of pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of Bacteroides gingivalis (1987)

Strains of Bacteroides gingivalis were compared for the presence of properties associated with pathogenicity. Some strains were infectious in pure culture in an in vivo model (guinea pig), and all but one of these were more collagenolytic than those which failed to cause lesions in guinea pigs. However, other factors seem to be necessary for the induction of an infection in this animal model.
Mosquito odorant receptor for DEET and methyl jasmonate (2014)

Insect repellents are important prophylactic tools for travelers and populations living in endemic areas of malaria, dengue, encephalitis, and other vector-borne diseases. DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) is a 6-decade-old synthetic repellent, which is still considered the gold standard of mosquito repellents. Mosquitoes use their sense of smell to detect DEET, but there are currently two hypotheses regarding its mode of action: activation of ionotropic receptor IR40a vs. odorant receptor(s). Here, we demonstrate that DEET, picaridin, insect repellent 3535, and p-menthan-3,8-diol activate the odorant receptor CquiOR136 of the southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus. Electrophysiological and behavioral assays showed that CquiIR40a knockdown had no significant effect on DEET detection and repellency. By contrast, reduction of CquiOR136 transcript levels led to a significant decrease in electroantennographic responses to DEET and a complete lack of repellency. Thus, direct activation of an odorant receptor, not an ionotropic receptor, is necessary for DEET reception and repellency in Culex mosquitoes. Interestingly, methyl jasmonate, a repellent derived from the nonvolatile jasmonic acid in the signaling pathway of plant defenses, elicited robust responses in CquiOR136•CquiOrco-expressing Xenopus oocytes, thus suggesting a possible link between natural products with long insect-plant evolutionary history and synthetic repellents.
Human monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) Full‐length cDNA cloning, expression in mitogen‐stimulated blood mononuclear leukocytes, and sequence similarity to mouse competence gene JE (1989)

The purpose of this work was to analyze cDNA encoding human monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), previously isolated from glioma cell line culture fluid. Screening of a cDNA library from total poly(A) RNA of glioma cell line U-105MG yielded a clone that coded for the entire MCP-1. Nucleotide sequence analysis and comparison with the amino acid sequence of purified MCP-1 showed that the cDNA clone comprises a 53-nucleotide 5'-non-coding region, an open reading frame coding for a 99-residue protein of which the last 76 residues correspond exactly to pure MCP-1, and a 389-nucleotide 3'-untranslated region. The hydrophobicity of the first 23 residues is typical of a signal peptide. Southern blot analysis of human and animal genomic DNA showed that there is a single MCP-1 gene, which is conserved in several primates. MCP-1 mRNA was induced in human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBMNLs) by PHA, LPS and IL-1, but not by IL-2, TNF, or IFN-gamma. Among proteins with similar sequences, the coding regions of MCP-1 and mouse JE show 68% identity. This suggest that MCP-1 is the human homologue of the mouse competence gene JE.
Distribution and Evolution of von Willebrand/Integrin A Domains: Widely Dispersed Domains with Roles in Cell Adhesion and Elsewhere (2002)

The von Willebrand A (VWA) domain is a well-studied domain involved in cell adhesion, in extracellular matrix proteins, and in integrin receptors. A number of human diseases arise from mutations in VWA domains. We have analyzed the phylogenetic distribution of this domain and the relationships among approximately 500 proteins containing this domain. Although the majority of VWA-containing proteins are extracellular, the most ancient ones, present in all eukaryotes, are all intracellular proteins involved in functions such as transcription, DNA repair, ribosomal and membrane transport, and the proteasome. A common feature seems to be involvement in multiprotein complexes. Subsequent evolution involved deployment of VWA domains by Metazoa in extracellular proteins involved in cell adhesion such as integrin beta subunits (all Metazoa). Nematodes and chordates separately expanded their complements of extracellular matrix proteins containing VWA domains, whereas plants expanded their intracellular complement. Chordates developed VWA-containing integrin alpha subunits, collagens, and other extracellular matrix proteins (e.g., matrilins, cochlin/vitrin, and von Willebrand factor). Consideration of the known properties of VWA domains in integrins and extracellular matrix proteins allows insights into their involvement in protein-protein interactions and the roles of bound divalent cations and conformational changes. These allow inferences about similar functions in novel situations such as protease regulators (e.g., complement factors and trypsin inhibitors) and intracellular proteins (e.g., helicases, chelatases, and copines).
DRN: Bringing Greedy Layer-Wise Training into Time Dimension (2015)

Sequential data modeling has received growing interests due to its impact on real world problems. Sequential data is ubiquitous - financial transactions, advertise conversions and disease evolution are examples of sequential data. A long-standing challenge in sequential data modeling is how to capture the strong hidden correlations among complex features in high volumes. The sparsity and skewness in the features extracted from sequential data also add to the complexity of the problem. In this paper, we address these challenges from both discriminative and generative perspectives, and propose novel stochastic learning algorithms to model nonlinear variances from static time frames and their transitions. The proposed model, Deep Recurrent Network (DRN), can be trained in an unsupervised fashion to capture transitions, or in a discriminative fashion to conduct sequential labeling. We analyze the conditional independence of each functional module and tackle the diminishing gradient problem by developing a two-pass training algorithm. Extensive experiments on both simulated and real-world dynamic networks show that the trained DRN outperforms all baselines in the sequential classification task and obtains excellent performance in the regression task.
Asymmetric total synthesis of erythromcin. 1. Synthesis of an erythronolide A secoacid derivative via asymmetric induction (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric total synthesis of erythromcin. 1. Synthesis of an erythronolide A secoacid derivative via asymmetric inductionR. B. Woodward, E. Logusch, K. P. Nambiar, K. Sakan, D. E. Ward, B. W. Au-Yeung, P. Balaram, L. J. Browne, P. J. Card, and C. H. ChenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 11, 3210–3213Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00401a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00401a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6941Altmetric-Citations237LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Silicon sandwich [system-in-a-package] (2006)

System-in-package looks to be an attractive option for projects that cannot justify a system-on-chip approach. SiP is a functional building block containing multiple die and possibly discretes in one semiconductor package. Its key advantage is adaptability, as the approach is appropriate for low or high volumes, and can handle mixed die and process technologies. SiP designs should also have lower development and non-recurring engineering (NRE) costs than SoC approaches. Among the disadvantages were the cumulative yields losses involved in linking the many devices that make up an SIP lower performance, and the availability or otherwise of known good die. System-in-package looks to be an attractive option for projects that cannot justify a system-on-chip approach. But there are many obstacles still to be overcome before it becomes mainstream, say people working with the technology.
Dissecting the mechanism of T-cell anergy with immunophilin ligands. (2006)

T-cell receptor engagement in the absence of costimulation leads to T-cell anergy. The biochemical and molecular mechanisms responsible for this form of T-cell tolerance are becoming better defined. This review examines the intersection between T-cell receptor-induced anergy and the immunophilin ligands ciclosporin A, FK-506, rapamycin and sanglifehrin A, and focuses on how these compounds play an important role in dissecting the pathways leading to the induction and maintenance of anergy. Finally, the clinical role of these compounds as immunosuppressive agents will be discussed in the context of their effects on promoting or inhibiting T-cell anergy.
365. Physical properties and chemical constitution. Part XIX. Five-membered and six-membered carbon rings (1948)

A. I. Vogel, J. Chem. Soc., 1948, 1809 DOI: 10.1039/JR9480001809
Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV by fluoroolefin-containingN-peptidyl-O-hydroxylamine peptidomimetics (1998)

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5; DPP IV), also known as the leukocyte differentiation antigen CD26 when found as an extracellular membrane-bound proline specific serine protease, cleaves a dipeptide from the N terminus of a polypeptide chain containing a proline residue in the penultimate position. Here we report that known (Z)-Ala-psi[CF=C]-Pro dipeptide isosteres 1 and 2, which contain O-acylhydroxylamines, were isolated as diastereomeric pairs u-1, l-1, and l-2. The effect of each diastereomeric pair as an inhibitor of human placental dipeptidyl peptidase DPP IV has been examined. The inhibition of DPP IV by these compounds is rapid and efficient. The diastereomeric pair u-1 exhibits very potent inhibitory activity with a Ki of 188 nM. Fluoroolefin containing N-peptidyl-O-hydroxylamine peptidomimetics, by virtue of their inhibitory potency and stability, are superior to N-peptidyl-O-hydroxylamine inhibitors derived from an Ala-Pro dipeptide.
A 6-Base Pair in Frame Germline Deletion in Exon 7 OfRETLeads to Increased RET Phosphorylation, ERK Activation, and MEN2A (2016)

The finding of bilateral pheochromocytoma and MTC in our patient was highly suspicious of a RET mutation. Exome sequencing revealed a 6-base-pair deletion in exon 7 of RET, an exon not yet associated with MEN2. Increased ligand-independent phosphorylation of the p.505_506del RET mutant, increased activation of downstream pathways, and stimulation of cell proliferation demonstrated the pathogenic nature of the mutation. We therefore recommend screening the whole sequence of RET in MTC and pheochromocytoma patients with red flags for a genetic cause.
Nitric oxide in gastrointestinal epithelial cell carcinogenesis: linking inflammation to oncogenesis (2001)

Chronic inflammation of gastrointestinal tissues is a well-recognized risk factor for the development of epithelial cell-derived malignancies. Although the inflammatory mediators linking chronic inflammation to carcinogenesis are numerous, current information suggests that nitric oxide (NO) contributes to carcinogenesis during chronic inflammation. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), expressed by both macrophages and epithelial cells during inflammation, generates the bioreactive molecule NO. In addition to causing DNA lesions, NO can directly interact with proteins by nitrosylation and nitosation reactions. The consequences of protein damage by NO appear to be procarcinogenic. For example, NO inhibits DNA repair enzymes such as human 8-oxodeoxyguanosine DNA glycosylase 1 and blocks apoptosis via nitrosylation of caspases. These cellular events permit DNA damage to accumulate, which is required for the numerous mutations necessary for development of invasive cancer. NO also promotes cancer progression by functioning as an angiogenesis factor. Strategies to inhibit NO generation during chronic inflammation or to scavenge reactive nitrogen species may prove useful in decreasing the risk of cancer development in chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases.
MOCVD of Zirconia Thin Films by Direct Liquid Injection Using a New Class of Zirconium Precursor (1998)

Thin films of zirconia and zirconates have a variety of important applications. MOCVD is an attractive technique for the preparation of these films, but there are a number of drawbacks associated with the currently used Zr precursors. This paper reports on a new class of precursor of the form [Zr(OR)2(thd)2], where R = iPr or tBu, which allows growth by liquid injection of ZrO2 under transport-controlled conditions at significantly lower temperatures than can be achieved with conventional sources.