gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Picosecond photoconducting Hertzian dipoles (1984)

The generation transmission, and detection of extremely rapid electromagnetic pulses have been achieved using fast photoconducting materials as time-varying Hertzian dipoles. This approach, which has a measured time response of 1.6 ps, overcomes many of the limitations imposed by transmission line structures, and due to its jitter-free behavior and open geometry is ideally suited for transient electromagnetic measurements of materials.
Fatal cytomegalovirus infection and coronary arterial thromboses after heart transplantation: a case report. (1987)

A 36-year-old woman died because of disseminated cytomegalovirus infection after a heart allograft transplantation was performed. Autopsy revealed that widespread coronary arterial thromboses were associated with cytomegalovirus infection of endothelial cells. Its possible pathogenetic mechanism and significance were discussed.
Design considerations of parametric arrays (2002)

This paper is concerned with the design, testing and performance evaluation of parametric array proposed to be used for sub-bottom applications. Some of the main parameters to be considered while designing parametric arrays are primary frequencies, secondary frequencies, transducer array size, transmitted power and the overall system complexity. Choice of these parameters is contradictory and has to be chosen as a compromise between their effects. Such considerations have been discussed in detail and a parametric sonar operating at primary frequencies centred around 40 kHz and capable of generating secondary frequencies ranging from 1 kHz to 10 kHz has been designed. Field trials were carried out in fresh water lake to evaluate its performance by measuring source levels and beam-patterns both at primary and secondary frequencies. The experimental results were found to be in good agreement with the theoretically expected performance.
Sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling contributes to cardiac inflammation, dysfunction, and remodeling following myocardial infarction (2015)

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) mediates multiple pathophysiological effects in the cardiovascular system. However, the role of S1P signaling in pathological cardiac remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI) remains controversial. In this study, we found that cardiac S1P greatly increased post-MI, accompanied with a significant upregulation of cardiac sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK1) and S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1) expression. In MI-operated mice, inhibition of S1P production by using PF543 (the SphK1 inhibitor) ameliorated cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Conversely, interruption of S1P degradation by inhibiting S1P lyase augmented cardiac S1P accumulation and exacerbated cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. In the cardiomyocyte, S1P directly activated proinflammatory responses via a S1PR1-dependent manner. Furthermore, activation of SphK1/S1P/S1PR1 signaling attributed to β1-adrenergic receptor stimulation-induced proinflammatory responses in the cardiomyocyte. Administration of FTY720, a functional S1PR1 antagonist, obviously blocked cardiac SphK1/S1P/S1PR1 signaling, ameliorated chronic cardiac inflammation, and then improved cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in vivo post-MI. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that cardiac SphK1/S1P/S1PR1 signaling plays an important role in the regulation of proinflammatory responses in the cardiomyocyte and targeting cardiac S1P signaling is a novel therapeutic strategy to improve post-MI cardiac remodeling and dysfunction.
Isolation and DNA sequence of a gene encoding alpha-trichosanthin, a type I ribosome-inactivating protein. (1990)

alpha-Trichosanthin (alpha-TCS) is a ribosome-inactivating protein that has recently been shown to inhibit the replication of human immunodeficiency virus. We have isolated a gene encoding alpha-TCS and have determined its DNA sequence. The data indicate that alpha-TCS is synthesized as a preproprotein consisting of 289 amino acids, the first 23 residues of which comprise a putative secretory signal peptide. The last 19 residues comprise a carboxyl extension that has not been reported to be associated with the mature protein and that may be processed in the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus of cells producing alpha-TCS. The mature protein consists of 247 amino acids. The sequence predicted by translation of the DNA sequence agrees with and confirms the primary sequence determined recently on the protein. The molecular clone for alpha-TCS will facilitate directed mutational analyses that may provide information on how this peptide, and other ribosome-inactivating proteins, function. These studies may also lead to the development of therapeutic agents with altered activities and/or improved properties for in vivo use.
How Critical Is Fibrous Cap Thickness to Carotid Plaque Stability? (2006)

There is an increase in plaque stress in arteries with a thin fibrous cap. The presence of a moderate carotid stenosis (30% to 70%) with a thin fibrous cap indicates a high risk for plaque rupture. Patients in the future may be risk stratified by measuring both fibrous cap thickness and luminal stenosis.
Robust bioengineered 3D functional human intestinal epithelium (2015)

Intestinal functions are central to human physiology, health and disease. Options to study these functions with direct relevance to the human condition remain severely limited when using conventional cell cultures, microfluidic systems, organoids, animal surrogates or human studies. To replicate in vitro the tissue architecture and microenvironments of native intestine, we developed a 3D porous protein scaffolding system, containing a geometrically-engineered hollow lumen, with adaptability to both large and small intestines. These intestinal tissues demonstrated representative human responses by permitting continuous accumulation of mucous secretions on the epithelial surface, establishing low oxygen tension in the lumen, and interacting with gut-colonizing bacteria. The newly developed 3D intestine model enabled months-long sustained access to these intestinal functions in vitro, readily integrable with a multitude of different organ mimics and will therefore ensure a reliable ex vivo tissue system for studies in a broad context of human intestinal diseases and treatments.
Li9SiAlO8: A Lithium Ion Electrolyte for Voltages above 5.4 V (1996)

The solid solution compound represents a single‐phase derivative formally composed of 50 atom percent (a/o) and 50 a/o . It exhibits an ionic conductivity at 25°C. The total electronic conductivity in contact with elemental lithium or highly positively polarized electrodes is found to be around four orders of magnitude smaller. Detailed studies under different conditions and in different cell types are presented. In the asymmetric cell type (−) (+), the tantalum electrode served as an arbitrary positive electrode simulating different lithium activities due to the applied external voltage. Upon extreme polarization (E vs. ) below 100°C, stable tarnishing layers were formed at the ‐electrode interfaces, thus resisting further decomposition, which makes a suitable electrolyte for investigating cathodes which exhibit very high positive voltages vs. lithium. Moreover, chemical stability experiments show this electrolyte to be inert against elemental lithium and up to at least 100 and 500°C, respectively. crystallizes in a monoclinic unit cell having the parameters a = 5.108(4) Å, b = 5.388(4) Å, c = 6.205(6) Å, and β = 90.40(9)°.
Quenching of Unincorporated Amplification Signal Reporters in Reverse-Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Enabling Bright, Single-Step, Closed-Tube, and Multiplexed Detection of RNA Viruses (2016)

Reverse-transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) has frequently been proposed as an enabling technology for simplified diagnostic tests for RNA viruses. However, common detection techniques used for LAMP and RT-LAMP have drawbacks, including poor discrimination capability, inability to multiplex targets, high rates of false positives, and (in some cases) the requirement of opening reaction tubes postamplification. Here, we present a simple technique that allows closed-tube, target-specific detection, based on inclusion of a dye-labeled primer that is incorporated into a target-specific amplicon if the target is present. A short, complementary quencher hybridizes to unincorporated primer upon cooling down at the end of the reaction, thereby quenching fluorescence of any unincorporated primer. Our technique, which we term QUASR (for quenching of unincorporated amplification signal reporters, read "quasar"), does not significantly reduce the amplification efficiency or sensitivity of RT-LAMP. Equipped with a simple LED excitation source and a colored plastic gel filter, the naked eye or a camera can easily discriminate between positive and negative QUASR reactions, which produce a difference in signal of approximately 10:1 without background subtraction. We demonstrate that QUASR detection is compatible with complex sample matrices such as human blood, using a novel LAMP primer set for bacteriophage MS2 (a model RNA virus particle). Furthermore, we demonstrate single-tube duplex detection of West Nile virus (WNV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) RNA.
Investigation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Fusion Peptides. Analysis of Interrelations Between Their Structure and Function (1992)

The N-terminal region of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp41 appears to be involved in virus-cell membrane fusion. To study the influence of fusion domain structure on gp41 interaction with artificial lipid membranes, two families of peptides were synthesized. The peptides of the first family starting from the C-terminal Gly-532 of gp160 (BRU isolate) were assembled in a stepwise manner to N-terminus of gp41(Ala-517). These hydrophobic peptides, containing 10-16 amino acid residues (a.a.), were able to form channel-like current fluctuation through planar lipid membranes, and the longest 15-16 a.a. peptides lysed the liposomes. Peptides of the second family beginning from the C-terminal Arg-538 and continuing to Val-510 contained several hydrophilic amino acid residues. These 15-22 a.a. peptides also increased the conductance of planar lipid bilayers and lysed liposomes. The degree of liposome lysis depended upon peptide length and concentration. The attachment of gp120 C-terminal amino acid or peptides to N-terminus of 517-538 peptide resulted in complete loss of activity. The effects of the second family of peptides on membranes were reduced to a great extent at acidic pH. The conjugation of 22 a.a. Lys peptide with bovine serum albumin decreased its lytic activity. The circular dichroism study of these peptides revealed alpha-helix configuration in hydrophobic and aqueous media only for deca- and longer peptides. The electron microscopy of 22 a.a. peptide performed in the aqueous medium showed large spherical aggregates about 0.5-0.7 micron in diameter consisting of long filaments approximately 5 nm in diameter. Other tested peptides could generate only short strings. Thus, the effects of fusion peptides on lipid membranes depends on their sequence and length, secondary and tertiary structures, and freedom of their N-terminus.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Mo onto Si (1967)

Molybdenum has been deposited on single crystal silicon substrates by the vapor phase decomposition of molybdenum chlorides. The thickness, alloy phase, and crystalline nature of the films were studied as functions of substrate temperature, substrate orientation, and source material, using electron microscopy and reflection electron diffraction.
Coherence Interferometer and Astronomical Applications (1972)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text James B. Breckinridge, "Coherence Interferometer and Astronomical Applications," Appl. Opt. 11, 2996_1-2998 (1972) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Protein Patterning with a Photoactivatable Derivative of Biotin (1996)

A method is described for the covalent immobilization of macromolecules at defined location on polymer surfaces. A thin film of a photoactivatable analogue of biotin, N-(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)-N'-(N-d-biotinyl-3-aminopropyl)-N'-methyl-1,3- propanediamine (photobiotin, in salt form) was dried onto polystyrene or nitrocellulose surfaces and then exposed to intense white light through a mask to yield patterns of biotin covalently bound to the polymers. The subsequent addition of avidin resulted in the formation of surfaces to which biotinylated molecules could then be bound through a biotin-avidin-biotin bridge. To develop the pattern of avidin on the surfaces, biotinylated enzymes (alkaline phosphatase and horseradish peroxidase) were specifically immobilized on the surface. These enzymes still retained their catalytic activities and were visualized through the formation of colored or fluorescent products. Various factors such as concentration, irradiation time, and light intensity were shown to determine the amount of active enzyme that could be bound and so by implication the degree of photobiotinylation that had occurred.
Performance tradeoffs in dynamic time warping algorithms for isolated word recognition (1980)

The technique of dynamic programming for the time registration of a reference and a test pattern has found widespread use in the area of isolated word recognition. Recently, a number of variations on the basic time warping algorithm have been proposed by Sakoe and Chiba, and Rabiner, Rosenberg, and Levinson. These algorithms all assume that the test input is the time pattern of a feature vector from an isolated word whose endpoints are known (at least approximately). The major differences in the methods are the global path constraints (i.e., the region of possible warping paths), the local continuity constraints on the path, and the distance weighting and normalization used to give the overall minimum distance. The purpose of this investigation is to study the effects of such variations on the performance of different dynamic time warping algorithms for a realistic speech database. The performance measures that were used include: speed of operation, memory requirements, and recognition accuracy. The results show that both axis orientation and relative length of the reference and the test patterns are important factors in recognition accuracy. Our results suggest a new approach to dynamic time warping for isolated words in which both the reference and test patterns are linearly warped to a fixed length, and then a simplified dynamic time warping algorithm is used to handle the nonlinear component of the time alignment. Results with this new algorithm show performance comparable to or better than that of all other dynamic time warping algorithms that were studied.
SHADE: Technology for Knowledge-based Collaborative Engineering (1993)

Effective information sharing and decision coordination are vital to collaborative product development and integrated manufacturing. However, typical special-purpose CAE systems tend to isolate information at tool boundaries, and typical integrated CAE systems tend to limit flexibility and process innovation. The SHADE (SHAred Dependency Engineering) project strikes a balance between these undesirable extremes by supporting reconfigurable exchange of engineering knowledge among special-purpose CAE systems. SHADE's approach has three main components: a shared knowledge representation (language and domain-specific vocabulary), protocols supporting information exchange for change notification and subscription, and facilitation services for content-directed routing and intelligent matching of information consumers and producers.
Novel Staphylococcal Glycosyltransferases SdgA and SdgB Mediate Immunogenicity and Protection of Virulence-Associated Cell Wall Proteins (2013)

Infection of host tissues by Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis requires an unusual family of staphylococcal adhesive proteins that contain long stretches of serine-aspartate dipeptide-repeats (SDR). The prototype member of this family is clumping factor A (ClfA), a key virulence factor that mediates adhesion to host tissues by binding to extracellular matrix proteins such as fibrinogen. However, the biological siginificance of the SDR-domain and its implication for pathogenesis remain poorly understood. Here, we identified two novel bacterial glycosyltransferases, SdgA and SdgB, which modify all SDR-proteins in these two bacterial species. Genetic and biochemical data demonstrated that these two glycosyltransferases directly bind and covalently link N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moieties to the SDR-domain in a step-wise manner, with SdgB appending the sugar residues proximal to the target Ser-Asp repeats, followed by additional modification by SdgA. GlcNAc-modification of SDR-proteins by SdgB creates an immunodominant epitope for highly opsonic human antibodies, which represent up to 1% of total human IgG. Deletion of these glycosyltransferases renders SDR-proteins vulnerable to proteolysis by human neutrophil-derived cathepsin G. Thus, SdgA and SdgB glycosylate staphylococcal SDR-proteins, which protects them against host proteolytic activity, and yet generates major eptopes for the human anti-staphylococcal antibody response, which may represent an ongoing competition between host and pathogen.
Leptin Stimulates Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 in Human Hepatic Stellate Cells (2004)

Leptin is recognized as a profibrogenic hormone in the liver, but the mechanisms involved have not been clarified. The tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, which acts through inhibition of collagen degradation, is synthesized by activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC) in response to fibrogenic substances. The capacity of leptin to induce TIMP-1 and its signaling molecules were investigated in a human HSC cell line, LX-2. Leptin stimulated TIMP-1 protein, mRNA, and promoter activity. JAK1 and -2, as well as STAT3 and -5, were activated. After leptin, there was increased expression of tyrosine 1141-phosphorylated leptin receptor, which may contribute to STAT3 activation. AG 490, a JAK inhibitor, blocked JAK phosphorylation with concomitant inhibition of STAT activation, TIMP-1 mRNA expression, and promoter activity. Leptin also induced an oxidative stress, which was inhibited by AG 490, indicating a JAK mediation process. ERK1/2 MAPK and p38 were activated, which was prevented by catalase, indicating an H2O2-dependent mechanism. Catalase treatment resulted in total suppression of TIMP-1 mRNA expression and promoter activity. SB203580, a p38 inhibitor, prevented p38 activation and reduced TIMP-1 message half-life with down-regulation of TIMP-1 mRNA. These changes were reproduced by overexpression of the dominant negative p38alpha and p38beta mutants. PD098059, an ERK1/2 inhibitor, opposed ERK1/2 activation and TIMP-1 promoter activity, leading to TIMP-1 mRNA down-regulation. Thus, leptin has a direct action on liver fibrogenesis by stimulating TIMP-1 production in activated HSC. This process appears to be mediated by the JAK/STAT pathway via the leptin receptor long form and the H2O2-dependent p38 and ERK1/2 pathways via activated JAK.
Synthesis and study of substituted coumarins. A facile preparation of D,L‐o‐tyrosine (1986)

Abstract A general procedure for the preparation of aminocoumarins and aminohydroxycoumarins under mild conditions is described. Amino‐ and acetamidoaminocoumarins were prepared by reduction of the corresponding nitro derivatives with sodium borohydride in the presence of 10% palladium on charcoal. Acid hydrolysis of the acetamidoaminocoumarins with (a) concentrated hydrochloric acid in ethanol, or (b) with 1 N hydrochloric acid under reflux, gave diaminocoumarins and aminohydroxycoumarins, respectively. Condensation of the ethyl ester of glycine with salicylaldehyde gave 3‐salicylideneaminocoumarin (XIII), the Schiff base of 3‐aminocoumarin (XII). Acid hydrolysis of XIII under the above mentioned conditions, (a) and (b), gave XII and 3‐hydroxycoumarin (XVI), respectively. Hydrogenation of compound XIII in dioxane or in dimethylformamide with 10% palladium on charcoal gave 3‐salicylaminocoumarin (XVII), while hydrogenation of XII, XIII or XVII in acetic acid with traces of water and palladium black gave the amino acid o ‐tyrosine.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: role of bronchiolar mast cells and macrophages. (1997)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is considered to be caused in part by smoking-induced inflammation, but it is unknown which inflammatory cells within the small airways are associated with the obstruction. We investigated the inflammatory infiltrate in the small airways of 16 current or ex-smokers with COPD (FEV1 < or = 75% predicted) and 15 without COPD (FEV1 > or = 85% predicted) in pneumectomy specimens that were removed for lung cancer. Mast cells, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, T cells, and B cells were identified using immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens. These cells were quantified in the epithelium and the remainder of the airway wall. The number of mast cells and macrophages in the epithelium, but not in the remainder of the airway wall, was significantly increased in patients with COPD. Neutrophil and T cell numbers did not differ between the groups. Only few B cells and eosinophils were present in both groups. Smoking history, perioperative steroid usage, tumor localization, or reversibility in the FEV1 to salbutamol could not account for the observed differences. We conclude that the number of epithelial mast cells and macrophages is increased in the bronchioli in smokers with airflow limitation, suggesting a role in development of COPD.
Gait function in newly diagnosed children with autism: cerebellar and basal ganglia related motor disorder (2006)

We investigated gait in newly diagnosed children with autism. From our previous study with 6‐ to 14‐year‐olds, we hypothesized that motor symptoms indicative of basal ganglia and cerebellar dysfunction would appear across the developmental trajectory of autism. Two groups were recruited: children with autism (eight males, three females; mean age 5y 10mo [SD 9mo]; range 4y 4mo‐6y 9mo) and a comparison group of typically developing children (eight males, three females; mean age5y 9mo [SD 1y 1mo]; range 4y 3mo‐7y 2mo). The GAITRite Walkway was used to gather data from average gait and intra‐walk measurements. Experienced physiotherapists analyzed gait qualitatively. Groups were matched according to age, height, weight, and IQ; although not statistically significant, IQ was lower in the group with autism. Spatiotemporal gait data for children with autism were compatible with findings from patients with cerebellar ataxia: specifically, greater difficulty walking along a straight line, and the coexistence of variable stride length and duration. Children with autism were also less coordinated and rated as more variable and inconsistent (i.e. reduced smoothness) relative to the comparison group. Postural abnormalities in the head and trunk suggest additional involvement of the fronto‐striatal basal ganglia region. Abnormal gait features are stable across key developmental periods and are, therefore, promising for use in clinical screening for autism.
The RNA modification database--1998 (1998)

The RNA modification database provides a comprehensive listing of posttranscriptionally modified nucleosides from RNA, and is maintained as an updated version of the initial printed report [Limbach,P.A., Crain,P.F. and McCloskey,J.A. (1994) Nucleic Acids Res. , 22, 2183-2196]. Information provided for each nucleoside includes: the type of RNA in which it occurs and phylogenetic distribution; common chemical name and symbol; Chemical Abstracts registry number and index name; chemical structure; initial literature citations for structural characterization or occurrence, and for chemical synthesis. The data are available through the World Wide Web at: http://www-medlib.med.utah/RNAmods/RNAmods .html