gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The alpha 3 chain of type IV collagen prevents activation of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. (1994)

Our initial observation that type I collagen activates polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) prompted the testing of the activating potential of type IV collagen. It was noted, however, that type IV collagen isolated from bovine lens capsule did not activate PMN but rather prevented their stimulation by N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, phorbol myristate acetate, or type I collagen. This observation led to the present study, which demonstrates that the inhibitory effect of lens capsule type IV collagen resides in the noncollagenous (NC1) domain of the alpha 3 chain and specifically in the region comprising residues 185-203 of the NC1 domain of both the human and bovine molecules. Synthetic peptides from the same region of the NC1 domains of the alpha 1, alpha 2, alpha 4, and alpha 5 chains did not possess the inhibitory effect seen with the alpha 3 chain. The sequence S-N-S (residues 189-191) is unique to the peptide of the alpha 3 chain, and substitution of either serine with alanine abolishes the inhibition. Type IV collagen isolated from the mouse Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) tumor, a molecule that lacks the alpha 3 chain, did not prevent PMN activation but instead stimulated the secretion of elastase and type IV collagenase. Incubation of PMN with intact lens capsule type IV collagen or a peptide comprising residues 185-203 of the alpha 3 (IV) chain resulted in a 3-fold increase of intracellular cAMP, whereas, Ca2+ levels remained unchanged. Incubating PMN with forskolin or with dibutyryl-cAMP resulted in the inhibition of O2- production and degranulation by PMN, thus mimicking the effects of type IV collagen and the alpha 3 (IV) 185-203 peptide. The data suggest that type IV collagen, through its alpha 3 chain, down-regulates PMN activation and thus decreases the potential for damage as these cells traverse the capillary wall. Our in vitro experiments suggest that the higher the content of the alpha 3 (IV) chain is in a basement membrane, the wider would be its capacity for self-protection.
Interaction of C-reactive protein complexes with the complement system. II. Consumption of guinea pig complement by CRP complexes: requirement for human C1q. (1974)

These combined data indicated that the consumption of guinea pig complement by CRP complexes required participation of human Clq, and that these complexes presumably do not interact with guinea pig Clq.
Experimental short-term tolerance to perfluorodecalin in the rabbit eye: a histopathological study (1998)

Purpose. Perfluorocarbon liquids are largely used in vitreoretinal surgery, but their permanence into the eye is considered harmful and early withdrawal is routinely performed by most of the surgeons. We undertook this investigation to evaluate the effects of Perfluorodecalin (PFD) tamponade following vitrectomy in the rabbit eye.Methods. Twenty-four rabbits underwent vitrectomy of the right eye according with a standard procedure. Eighteen rabbits received PFD and 6 control rabbits received Balanced Salt Solution (BSS) as vitreous substitute. The eyes were examined with light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy after two, four and six days after tamponade and thirty days after the withdrawal of PFD.Results. The tamponade lasting four or more days caused irreversible retinal damage involving the photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium. Peculiar impressions were formed in the inner retina at the site of the gravitational effect of PFD droplets.Conclusions. Based on the results of this study we suggest that the tamponade with PFD lasting more than two days is detrimental to the retina, at least in the case of the rabbit. Damage seems to be related only to the high specific gravity of PFD. Curr. Eye Res. 17:828–835, 1998.
Atorvastatin Active Metabolite Inhibits Oxidative Modification of Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein (2013)

We tested the hypothesis that atorvastatin active metabolite (ATM), on the basis of its distinct structural features and potent antioxidant activity, preferentially inhibits lipid oxidation in human small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) and other small lipid vesicles. LDL, sdLDL, and various subfractions were isolated from human plasma by sequential ultracentrifugation, treated with ATM, atorvastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, or simvastatin and were subjected to copper-induced oxidation. Lipid oxidation was measured spectrophotometrically as a function of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances formation. Similar analyses were performed in reconstituted lipid vesicles enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids and prepared at various sizes. ATM was found to inhibit sdLDL oxidation in a dose-dependent manner. The antioxidant effects of ATM in sdLDL were 1.5 and 4.7 times greater (P < 0.001) than those observed in large buoyant LDL and very low-density lipoprotein subfractions, respectively. ATM had similar dose- and size-dependent effects in reconstituted lipid vesicles. None of these effects were reproduced by atorvastatin (parent) or any of the other statins examined in this study. These data suggest that ATM interacts with sdLDL in a specific manner that also confers preferential resistance to oxidative stress. Such interactions may reduce sdLDL atherogenicity and improve clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease.
Xanthine oxidoreductase activity in human liver disease (2002)

Consistent with previous reports in experimental pathology, the level of XOR was increased in cirrhotic liver, in association with viral infection. This increment correlated with ALT, suggesting a relationship between XOR activity and the extent of liver injury caused by viral replication. The percentage of oxidase activity seems to be correlated with tissue damage and consequent liver impairment. The low XOR activity observed in HCC is consistent with reported experimental pathology.
The antimicrobial peptide aurein 1.2 disrupts model membranes via the carpet mechanism (2012)

The membrane interactions of the antimicrobial peptide aurein 1.2 were studied using a range of biophysical techniques to determine the location and the mechanism of action in DMPC (dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine) and DMPC/DMPG (dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol) model membranes that mimic characteristics of eukaryotic and prokaryotic membranes, respectively. Neutron reflectometry and solid-state NMR revealed subtle changes in membrane structure caused by the peptide. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation, vesicle dye leakage and atomic force microscopy measurements were used to investigate the global mode of peptide interaction. Aurein 1.2 displayed an enhanced interaction with the anionic DMPC/DMPG membrane while exhibiting primarily a surface interaction with both types of model membranes, which led to bilayer disruption and membrane lysis. The antimicrobial peptide interaction is consistent with the carpet mechanism for aurein 1.2 with discrete structural changes depending on the type of phospholipid membrane.
11C-acetate PET imaging of prostate cancer: detection of recurrent disease at PSA relapse. (2003)

AC PET demonstrates marked uptake in prostate cancer and has higher sensitivity than (18)F-FDG PET. These preliminary data show that (11)C-acetate is a promising tracer for detection of recurrent prostate cancer.
Electromagnetic Field Treatment Protects Against and Reverses Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease Mice (2010)

Despite numerous studies, there is no definitive evidence that high-frequency electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure is a risk to human health. To the contrary, this report presents the first evidence that long-term EMF exposure directly associated with cell phone use (918 MHz; 0.25 w/kg) provides cognitive benefits. Both cognitive-protective and cognitive-enhancing effects of EMF exposure were discovered for both normal mice and transgenic mice destined to develop Alzheimer's-like cognitive impairment. The cognitive interference task utilized in this study was designed from, and measure-for-measure analogous to, a human cognitive interference task. In Alzheimer's disease mice, long-term EMF exposure reduced brain amyloid-beta (Abeta) deposition through Abeta anti-aggregation actions and increased brain temperature during exposure periods. Several inter-related mechanisms of EMF action are proposed, including increased Abeta clearance from the brains of Alzheimer's disease mice, increased neuronal activity, and increased cerebral blood flow. Although caution should be taken in extrapolating these mouse studies to humans, we conclude that EMF exposure may represent a non-invasive, non-pharmacologic therapeutic against Alzheimer's disease and an effective memory-enhancing approach in general.
Host gene expression classifiers diagnose acute respiratory illness etiology (2016)

Acute respiratory infections caused by bacterial or viral pathogens are among the most common reasons for seeking medical care. Despite improvements in pathogen-based diagnostics, most patients receive inappropriate antibiotics. Host response biomarkers offer an alternative diagnostic approach to direct antimicrobial use. This observational cohort study determined whether host gene expression patterns discriminate noninfectious from infectious illness and bacterial from viral causes of acute respiratory infection in the acute care setting. Peripheral whole blood gene expression from 273 subjects with community-onset acute respiratory infection (ARI) or noninfectious illness, as well as 44 healthy controls, was measured using microarrays. Sparse logistic regression was used to develop classifiers for bacterial ARI (71 probes), viral ARI (33 probes), or a noninfectious cause of illness (26 probes). Overall accuracy was 87% (238 of 273 concordant with clinical adjudication), which was more accurate than procalcitonin (78%, P < 0.03) and three published classifiers of bacterial versus viral infection (78 to 83%). The classifiers developed here externally validated in five publicly available data sets (AUC, 0.90 to 0.99). A sixth publicly available data set included 25 patients with co-identification of bacterial and viral pathogens. Applying the ARI classifiers defined four distinct groups: a host response to bacterial ARI, viral ARI, coinfection, and neither a bacterial nor a viral response. These findings create an opportunity to develop and use host gene expression classifiers as diagnostic platforms to combat inappropriate antibiotic use and emerging antibiotic resistance.
Acrosome biogenesis begins during meiosis: evidence from the synthesis and distribution of an acrosomal glycoprotein, acrogranin, during guinea pig spermatogenesis (1990)

The biogenesis of the sperm-specific organelle, the acrosome, was investigated using an acrosomal glycoprotein as a marker of development. This component, which we have named acrogranin, was purified from an acid extract of guinea pig testes by standard chromatographic procedures. The molecular weight of reduced acrogranin was determined to be 67,000 by analytical sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Immunization of female rabbits with purified acrogranin produced an antiserum that recognized a single protein with Mr = 67,000 in an acid extract of guinea pig testes. By indirect immunofluorescence, acrogranin was found only in the acrosome of mature sperm. In haploid spermatids, acrogranin was localized in the developing acrosome and, weakly, in the cytoplasm. Acrogranin was also detected in the cytoplasm and juxtanuclear region in putative proacrosomal granules of meiotic cells (pachytene spermatocytes). Detergent extracts from different purified germ cell populations contained only the Mr = 67,000 form of acrogranin, but sperm extracts had four lower Mr immunoreactive forms not present in the testicular extracts. By two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, acrogranin was found to be an acidic glycoprotein. Analysis of glycosylated and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-deglycosylated acrogranin indicated that the antibody recognized polypeptide determinants. After highly enriched germ cell populations were labeled overnight with [35S]methionine and extracted with detergent, anti-acrogranin immunoprecipitated a single protein of Mr = 67,000. The synthesis of acrogranin by pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids was similar, but the synthesis of the glycoprotein by condensing spermatids was markedly reduced. These studies demonstrate that acrosome biogenesis, as determined by the synthesis of a specific acrosomal component, begins during meiosis and continues through the early stages of spermiogenesis.
Islet Alone Versus Islet After Kidney Transplantation: Metabolic Outcomes and Islet Graft Survival (2009)

These results suggest that better islet graft function and survival may be attained using non-Edmonton rather than Edmonton immunosuppression and can include maintenance steroid therapy.
How to lose friends & alienate people (2014)

The single physical remote control, paired to a media system, is no longer necessarily the only (or indeed primary) mechanism of control, with new input modalities (e.g. gesture) and mechanisms (e.g. mobile devices) allowing anyone to contribute to the input and control. This paper investigates the potential for extending single-user interfaces in order to support multi-user use, as a means of utilizing new inputs without having to abandon the familiar interfaces, control management behaviours and mental models that users have established. A survey was conducted investigating existing behaviours for managing control in terms of prevalence and acceptability. These behaviours and potential new ones were then incorporated into a multi-user system where management of control was virtualized, using mobile devices for input. We found that behaviours derived from existing ones (e.g. passing/taking control) were at worst functionally equivalent to, and in some cases superior to, managing a single physical remote control. We suggest that sharing single-user TV systems implementing these behaviours offers a viable alternative to concurrent use TV systems.
Regulation of peripheral vascular tone in patients with heart failure: contribution of angiotensin II (1998)

Losartan causes acute local peripheral arteriolar vasodilation in patients with heart failure but not in healthy control subjects. Endogenous angiotensin II directly contributes to basal peripheral arteriolar tone in patients with heart failure but does not augment sympathetically stimulated peripheral vascular tone.
Matching language and hardware for parallel computation in the Linda Machine (1988)

The Linda Machine is a parallel computer that has been designed to support the Linda parallel programming environment in hardware. Programs in Linda communicate through a logically shared associative memory called tuple space. The goal of the Linda Machine project is to implement Linda's high-level shared-memory abstraction efficiently on a nonshared-memory architecture. The authors describe the machine's special-purpose communication network and its associated protocols, the design of the Linda coprocessor, and the way its interaction with the network supports global access to tuple space. The Linda Machine is in the process of fabrication. The authors discuss the machine's projected performance and compare this to software versions of Linda.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Molecular analysis of the LATERAL SUPPRESSOR gene in Arabidopsis reveals a conserved control mechanism for axillary meristem formation (2003)

In seed plants, shoot branching is initiated by the formation of new meristems in the axils of leaves, which subsequently develop into new axes of growth. This study describes the genetic control of axillary meristem formation by the LATERAL SUPPRESSOR (LAS) gene in Arabidopsis thaliana. las mutants show a novel phenotype that is characterized by the inability to form lateral shoots during vegetative development. The analysis shows that axillary meristem formation is differently regulated during different phases of development. During reproductive development, axillary meristems initiate in close proximity to the shoot apical meristem and do not require LAS function. In contrast, during the vegetative phase, axillary meristems initiate at a distance to the SAM and require LAS function. This control mechanism is conserved between the distantly related species tomato and Arabidopsis. Monitoring the patterns of LAS and SHOOT MERISTEMLESS transcript accumulation allowed us to identify early steps in the development of leaf axil identity, which seem to be a prerequisite for axillary meristem initiation. Other regulators of shoot branching, like REVOLUTA and AUXIN RESISTANT 1, act downstream of LAS. The results are discussed in the context of the "detached meristem" and the "de novo formation" concepts of axillary meristem formation.
Receptor‐Based Pharmacokinetic‐Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Corticosteroids (1993)

The pharmacodynamics of three corticosteroids were investigated after intravenous administration of the phosphate esters of methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, and triamcinolone acetonide to healthy subjects at 20, 50, and 80 mg as well as placebo. Twenty-two different pharmacodynamic parameters were followed as a function of time for 48 hours. Statistically significant effects of the glucocorticoids were an increase in blood glucose levels, a decrease in the number of lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes, and an increase in the number of granulocytes and stab cells. For the most significant pharmacodynamic effects (lymphocytes, granulocytes, and glucose) a previously derived integrated pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model using plasma concentrations, protein-binding data, and in vitro receptor-binding affinities was used to predict the pharmacodynamic effect-time profiles. Good agreement of predicted and measured effects was observed, confirming the validity of the model. The clinical significance of the model was demonstrated by comparison of model-predicted maintenance doses with empirically determined clinical equivalency doses.
Review of Studies of Androgen Treatment of Female-to-Male Transsexuals: Effects and Risks of Administration of Androgens to Females (2007)

Our studies demonstrated that, while some markers of cardiovascular risk factors showed a shift to a more negative risk profile, others were not affected. Androgen effects on cardiovascular risk markers are therefore not universally negative, and it is reasonable to assume that the latter effects will not be negative with the much lower doses suited for administration to women.
Artificial Membrane Protein Functionalized with Electron Transfer System (1996)

Abstract An artificial membrane protein bearing a flavin and a porphyrin functionalities was designed and synthesized. The protein took a 4α-helix structure and exhibited an electron transfer function in a bilayer membrane.
Thermotherapy for treatment of osteoarthritis (2003)

Ice massage compared to control had a statistically beneficial effect on ROM, function and knee strength. Cold packs decreased swelling. Hot packs had no beneficial effect on edema compared with placebo or cold application. Ice packs did not effect pain significantly compared to control in patients with OA. More well designed studies with a standardized protocol and adequate number of subjects are needed to evaluate the effect of thermotherapy in the treatment of OA of the knee.
Integrin alpha v beta 5 selectively promotes adenovirus mediated cell membrane permeabilization. (1994)

Human adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) enters host cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis, an event mediated by the virus penton base binding to cell surface integrins alpha v beta 3 and alpha v beta 5. While both alpha v integrins promote virus internalization, alpha v beta 5 is involved in the subsequent event of membrane permeabilization. Cells transfected with the beta 5 or beta 3 subunit, expressing either alpha v beta 5 and alpha v beta 3, respectively, were capable of supporting Ad2 infection to varying degrees. In this case, cells expressing alpha v beta 5 were significantly more susceptible to Ad2-induced membrane permeabilization, as well as to Ad2 infection, than cells expressing alpha v beta 3. Adenovirus-mediated gene delivery was also more efficient in cells expressing alpha v beta 5. These results suggest that the interaction of alpha v beta 5 with Ad2 penton base facilitates the subsequent step of virus penetration into the cell. These studies provide evidence for the involvement of a cellular receptor in virus-mediated membrane permeabilization and suggest a novel biological role for integrin alpha v beta 5 in the infectious pathway of a human adenovirus.
A phase I/II study of trifluridine/tipiracil (TAS-102) in combination with nanoliposomal irinotecan (NAL-IRI) in advanced GI cancers. (2018)

TPS4155 Background: Trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI, also known as TAS-102) is a combination of a nucleoside analogue and a thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor. TAS-102 has shown activity in 5FU-resistant colorectal cancer (CRC). Nano liposomal-Irinotecan (Nal-IRI) achieve higher intra-tumor concentrations than irinotecan (142-fold) and its major metabolite, SN-38 (9-fold), resulting in superior anti-tumor activity compared to free irinotecan in multiple tumor xenografts. Clinical trials have established activity of Nal-IRI combined with 5FU in pancreatic cancer. The combination of Nal-IRI with the more potent nucleoside analogue TAS-102 may result in a more effective systemic therapy regimen in CRC and pancreatic cancer. The aim of this study is to define the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of the combination and evaluate the activity in pancreatic cancer and CRC. Methods: Eligible patients for the phase I trial include stage IV or locally advanced unresectable gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas, who have failed at least one prior therapy; age ≥18 years, ECOG PS 0-1 and measurable disease per RECIST 1.1. The trial design is standard 3+3. TAS-102 is administered orally in four dose levels of 25, 25, 30, 35mg/m2 BID on days 1-5, with Nal-IRI at corresponding dose levels of 50, 70, 70, 70mg/m2 IV on day 1 , in 14-day cycles. After recommended phase II doses are established, an expansion phase will enroll 20 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (Arm A) and 20 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma (Arm B). These patients must have either locally advanced unresectable or metastatic disease, and have failed at least one prior therapy that must not have included irinotecan. The primary endpoint of the phase II portion is overall response rate. Simon's two-stage design will be used for each arm of the phase II component. In the first stage, 10 patients will be accrued. If there are fewer than 1 responder, the cohort will be stopped. Otherwise, 10 additional patients will be accrued for a total of 20. Enrollment to the escalation phase I part of the study started in February 2018. Clinical trial information: NCT03368963.
Methanol synthesis from CO 2 and H 2 in a bench‐scale test plant (2000)

A small-scale test plant with a methanol production capacity of 50 kg day−1 has been designed and constructed in order to examine the performance of a previously developed Cu/ZnO-based catalyst under practical reaction conditions. The reaction model for methanol synthesis over the developed catalyst is presented. In addition, the methanol production rates measured in the test plant were found to fit the rates calculated based on the kinetic equations. A 4000 t day−1 methanol synthesis plant from CO2 and H2 was designed based on the kinetic equations and the selectivity to methanol over the developed catalyst. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.