gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrafine Ferrite Grains Produced by Tempering Cold-rolled Martensite in Low Carbon and Microalloyed Steels (2007)

Ultrafine ferrite grains as small as a few hundred nano meters were obtained, without severe plastic deformation, by tempering cold-rolled martensite in a low carbon and a microalloyed steel. A multilevel subdivision mechanism responsible for the formation of ultrafine ferrite grains in cold-rolled martensite was discussed. It involves subdividing firstly a prior austenite grain into several martensite packets by phase transformation and then further subdividing the martensite structure into ultrafine cell blocks by plastic deformation. The relatively large misorientation between the ultrafine cell blocks achieved at a moderate strain level in martensite may be attributed to the interaction between the transformation introduced and the deformation introduced dislocations. Ultrafine ferrite grains were developed from the cell blocks during tempering at the temperature range from 500 to 600°C for 60 min. It was also demonstrated that the microalloying precipitates can effectively pin down the movement of dislocations and grain boundaries and thus, can increase the thermo stability of the ultrafine grained microstructure.
Behavior therapy effective alternative to medication for treatment of tics (2015)

While medication has been the mainstay of therapy for tics, an emerging body of evidence supports the use of behavior therapy to treat the sudden, involuntary, repetitive movements or sounds.

Tourette syndrome and other chronic tic disorders affect at least 1% of children. These neurobehavioral
A phase 1/2A Trial of STA 5326, an oral interleukin-12/23 inhibitor, in patients with active moderate to severe Crohnʼs disease (2006)

Oral qd dosing of STA 5326 for 4 weeks was well tolerated in doses up to 70 mg qd in patients with active moderate to severe Crohn's disease. Clinical activity was observed at qd doses of 28 mg and above.
Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (1999)

Administrator; Agency for Health Care Policy and Research; Rockville, MD Deadlines for letters of intent and applications vary. Information on and copies of those RFAs and AHCPR's Program Announcement are available from AHCPR's web site or from AHCPR's contractor: Equals Three Communications, Inc., 7910 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 200, Bethesda, MD, 20814-3015. Telephone: (301) 656-3100 or Telecopier: (301) 652-5264.
Preparation of protein crystallization buffers with a computer-controlled motorized pipette: PIPEX (1993)

The PIPEX system, an inexpensive pipetting station for the preparation of protein crystallization buffers, is described. The system, built around a computer-controlled motorized pipette, contains a spreadsheet application for the planning of experiments in, for example, standard Linbro plates, a program for the control of the pipette and a customized electronic interface. The PIPEX system performs most of the software tasks offered by current automatic crystallization systems.
Characterization of the proton/glutamate symport protein of Bacillus subtilis and its functional expression in Escherichia coli (1995)

Transport of acidic amino acids in Bacillus subtilis is an electrogenic process in which L-glutamate or L-aspartate is symported with at least two protons. This is shown by studies of transport in membrane vesicles in which a proton motive force is generated by oxidation of ascorbate-phenazine methosulfate or by artificial ion gradients. An inwards-directed sodium gradient had no (stimulatory) effect on proton motive force-driven L-glutamate uptake. The transporter is specific for L-glutamate and L-aspartate. L-Glutamate transport is inhibited by beta-hydroxyaspartate and cysteic acid but not by alpha-methyl-glutamate. The gene encoding the L-glutamate transport protein of B. subtilis (gltPBsu) was cloned by complementation of Escherichia coli JC5412 for growth on glutamate as the sole source of carbon, energy, and nitrogen, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. Putative promoter, terminator, and ribosome binding site sequences were found in the flanking regions. UUG is most likely the start codon. gltPBsu encodes a polypeptide of 414 amino acid residues and is homologous to several proteins that transport glutamate and/or structurally related compounds such as aspartate, fumarate, malate, and succinate. Both sodium- and proton-coupled transporters belong to this family of dicarboxylate transporters. Hydropathy profiling and multiple alignment of the family of carboxylate transporters suggest that each of the proteins spans the cytoplasmic membrane 12 times with both the amino and carboxy termini on the inside.
Buried triple p-n junction structure in a BiCMOS technology for color detection (2002)

A buried triple p-n junction structure in a BiCMOS process was investigated for color detection. A physically based model of the BTJ structure was developed. A color sensing chip was designed and fabricated. Measurements, simulations as well as colorimetric characterization were performed.
RNA interference targeted to multiple P2X receptor subtypes attenuates zinc-induced calcium entry (2005)

A postulated therapeutic avenue in cystic fibrosis (CF) is activation of Ca(2+)-dependent Cl(-) channels via stimulation of Ca(2+) entry from extracellular solutions independent of CFTR functional status. We have shown that extracellular zinc and ATP induce a sustained increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) in human airway epithelial cells that translates into stimulation of sustained secretory Cl(-) transport in non-CF and CF human and mouse airway epithelial cells, cell monolayers, and nasal mucosa. On the basis of these studies, the Ca(2+) entry channels most likely involved were P2X purinergic receptor channels. In the present study, molecular and biochemical data show coexpression of P2X(4), P2X(5), and P2X(6) subtypes in non-CF (16HBE14o(-)) and CF (IB3-1) human bronchial epithelial cells. Other P2X receptor Ca(2+) entry channel subtypes are expressed rarely or not at all in airway epithelia, epithelial cell models from other CF-relevant tissues, or vascular endothelia. Novel transient lipid transfection-mediated delivery of small interference RNA fragments specific to P2X(4) and P2X(6) (but not P2X(5)) into IB3-1 CF human airway epithelial cells inhibited extracellular zinc- and ATP-induced Ca(2+) entry markedly in fura-2 Ca(2+) measurements and "knocked down" protein by >65%. These data suggest that multiple P2X receptor Ca(2+) entry channel subtypes are expressed in airway epithelia. P2X(4) and P2X(6) may coassemble on the airway surface as targets for possible therapeutics for CF independent of CFTR genotype.
<title>Spectral Structure Of Phase-Induced Intensity Noise In Recirculating Delay Lines</title> (1983)

The dynamic range of fiber optic signal processors driven by relatively incoherent multimode semiconductor lasers is shown to be severely limited by laser phase-induced noise. It is experimentally demonstrated that while the noise power spectrum of differential length fiber filters is approximately flat, processors with recirculating loops exhibit noise with a periodically structured power spectrum with notches at zero frequency as well as at all other multiples of 1/(loop delay). The experimental results are aug-mented by a theoretical analysis.
Significance of the O-Helix Residues of Escherichia coli DNA Polymerase I in DNA Synthesis:  Dynamics of the dNTP Binding Pocket (1996)

In order to identify functionally important residues in the O and O1 helices of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I, we mutated 9 residues of this region to alanine. The alanine substitutions result in moderate to severe effects on the polymerase activity of the individual mutant enzymes. Severe loss of activity is associated with R754A, K758A, F762A, and Y766A. However, the loss of polymerase activity with different template primers exhibited a rather unique pattern implying differential participation of the individual residue in the synthesis directed by poly(rA), poly(dA), and poly(dC) templates. The ability of all mutants to form E-DNA binary complex was found to be unaffected with the exception of Y766A and F771A, where significant reduction in the cross-linking of both the template and the primer strand was noted. Most interestingly, the catalytic activity of all inactive mutant enzymes, with the exception of K758A, could be restored by substituting Mn2+ in place of Mg2+ as a divalent cation. Based on these results and associated changes in the kinetic parameters and other properties of the individual mutant enzyme, we conclude the following: (a) Tyr 766 and Phe 771 are either involved in the binding of template-primer or are in the vicinity of the DNA binding track. (b) Residues Arg 754, Lys 758, Phe 762, and Tyr 766 appear to be required for the binding of Mg.dTTP, while only Arg 754 and Lys 758 are utilized in the polymerization of Mn.dTTP. (c) In the polymerization of dGTP, only Lys 758 appears essential regardless of the type of divalent cation. (d) Phe 762 participates only in the binding of Mg.dTTP. Finally, (e) based on the analysis of the time course of nucleotide incorporation, processivity, and pyrophosphorolysis reaction, we suggest that Lys 758 is probably involved in a conformational change of the ternary complexes preceding and following the chemical step. In summary, our results suggest that the formation of the dNTP binding pocket is a dynamic process which requires the participation of different residues depending on the type of dNTP and the divalent cation.
The Multivalent Effect in Glycosidase Inhibition: A New, Rapidly Emerging Topic in Glycoscience (2014)

A bunch of keys, one lock: The multivalent effect in glycosidase inhibition is a new, rapidly emerging area with exciting potential and scope. This review presents a description of the different types of neoglycoclusters and their evaluation as glycosidase inhibitors. The first promising therapeutic applications are discussed, as well as the mechanisms underlying the observed inhibitory multivalent effect.
Detection and Isolation of an Endoperoxide Intermediate in Prostaglandin Biosynthesis (1973)

An earlier proposed endoperoxide intermediate in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins was detected in short-time incubations of arachidonic acid with the microsomal fraction of homogenates of sheep vesicular glands. Conversion of the endoperoxide into prostaglandin E(2) was stimulated by reduced glutathione but suppressed by p-mercuribenzoate and N-ethylmaleimide. The methyl ester of an unknown compound was isolated by solvent extraction and thin-layer chromatography after short-time incubation of arachidonic acid with the microsomal fraction and p-mercuribenzoate. This derivative was identical to the methylester of the endoperoxide, as shown by its conversion into the methyl esters of 11-dehydroprostaglandin F(2alpha) and prostaglandin E(2) by spontaneous rearrangement and its conversion into the methyl ester of prostaglandin F(2alpha) by mild chemical reduction. The smooth muscle-stimulating activity of the endoperoxide ester on the isolated rabbit aortas trip was 4- to 8-times higher than that of the methyl ester of prostaglandin E(2).
Process Performances of 2 ns Pulsed Discharge Plasma (2011)

Pulsed discharge plasmas have been used to treat exhaust gases. Since pulse duration and the rise time of applied voltage to the discharge electrode has a strong influence on the energy efficiency of pollutant removal, the development of a short-pulse generator is of paramount importance for practical applications. In this work, it is demonstrated that the non thermal plasma produced by the 2 ns pulsed discharge has a higher energy efficiency than the 5 ns pulsed discharge plasma for NO removal and ozone generation. Typically, the NO removal efficiency was 1.0 mol kW -1 h -1 for 70% NO removal (initial NO concentration = 200 ppm, gas flow = 10 L/min). Meanwhile, the ozone yield was 500 g kW -1 h -1 for 20 g/m 3 ozone concentration in the case of oxygen feeding. These energy efficiencies are the highest in the literature.
Recombinant Human Monoclonal Antibodies to Ebola Virus (1999)

Human Fab (IgG1kappa) phage display libraries were constructed from bone marrow RNA from 2 donors who recovered from infection with Ebola (EBO) virus during the 1995 outbreak in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The libraries were initially panned against a radiation-inactivated EBO virus-infected Vero cell lysate, but only weak binders were identified. In contrast, panning against secreted EBO glycoprotein (SGP) resulted in Fabs showing very strong reactivity with SGP in ELISA. These Fabs also reacted with a virion membrane preparation. The Fabs were strongly positive in IFAs with cells infected with EBO (subtype Zaire) virus but negative with uninfected cells, with a characteristic punctate staining pattern in the cytoplasm. The Fabs showed weak or no reactivity with the virus cell lysate although donor serum did react. The Fabs are now being characterized in structural and functional terms. Major interest will focus on the ability of antibodies to neutralize EBO virus and, later, to protect animals against infection.
Educational Renewal: Not by Remove Control-- Work of a University Professor in a Partner School (1991)

A university professor elaborates on the challenges and successes of the Brigham Young University-Public School Partnership, In which university and public schools work together to restructure public schools and teacher preparation. The partnership focuses on four areas: preservice education, in-service education, curriculum, and research/evaluation. Through the partnership, new evaluation models have been developed, discretionary time has become available for various types of teacher in-service activities, curricula have been updated and developed, and teacher-guided research Is being initiated. Problems in restructuring education also are discussed. These include concerns over time commitment and resources, faculty support, and lack of correlation with advancement procedures.
Effect of bortezomib on human neuroblastoma: analysis of molecular mechanisms involved in cytotoxicity (2008)

This study opens the way to further clinical investigations and suggests a potential benefit of using a combination of bortezomib with an inhibitor of p38 MAPK for the treatment of neuroblastoma relapse.
Regio- and chemoselective magnesiation of protected uracils and thiouracils using TMPMgCl·LiCl and TMP2Mg·2LiCl (2008)

Two successive regio- and chemoselective magnesiations using TMPMgCl x LiCl and TMP(2)Mg x 2 LiCl enable the full functionalization of protected uracils and thiouracils in good to excellent yields.
Structural and Functional Characteristics of Homing Endonucleases (2003)

Mobile genetic elements constitute a remarkably diverse group of nonessential selfish genes that provide no apparent function to the host. These selfish genes have been implicated in host extinction, speciation and architecture of genetic systems. Homing endonucleases, encoded by the open reading frames embedded in introns or inteins of mobile genetic elements, possess double-stranded DNA-specific endonuclease activity. They inflict sequence-specific double-strand breaks at or near the homing site in intron- or intein-less allele. Subsequently, through nonreciprocal exchange the insertion sequence (intron or intein) is transferred from an intein- or intron-containing allele to an intein- or intron-less allele. The components of host double-strand break repair pathway are thought to finish the "homing" process. Several lines of evidence suggest that homing endonucleases are capable of promoting transposition into ectopic sites within or across genomes for their survival as well as dispersal in natural populations. The occurrence of inteins at high frequencies serves as instructive models for understanding the mechanistic aspects of the process of homing and its evolution. This review focuses on genetic, biochemical, structural, and phylogenetic aspects of homing endonucleases, and their comparison with restriction endonucleases.
Current status of platelet-activating factor antagonists (1998)

Platelet activating factor (PAF) is an inflammatory mediator produced by a variety of cells in response to inflammatory and immune stimuli. It has been implicated in a wide range of pathological conditions such as septic shock, asthma, ischaemia/reperfusion injury, pancreatitis, inflammatory bowel disease and rhinitis. For this reason it has been postulated that an agent antagonising the action of PAF might have therapeutic value. Despite the longstanding effort of a number of pharmaceutical companies to bring a PAF antagonist to market and the fact that there are still a number of antagonists undergoing clinical trials in a variety of disease states, success in this field may not be realised in the near future. This review examines the PAF antagonist patent literature from 1995 to early 1998 with some discussion of the related literature articles. An attempt has been made to update the status of several older PAF antagonists that are or have been assessed in clinical trials.
Syntheses and photosensitizing activity of porphyrins joined with ester linkages. (1989)

In order to investigate the structure of hematoporphyrin derivative and its purified version, Photofrin-II, porphyrin dimers with ester linkage were synthesized. 2,4-Diacetyldeuteroporphyrin dimethyl ester and protoporphyrin IX dimethyl ester were used as starting materials. The methyl esters were replaced by trimethylsilylethyl esters to protect the carboxylic groups. Deprotection using tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride in tetrahydrofuran regenerated the carboxylic functions. Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography was used to compare the synthetic dimers with components of Photofrin-II. Our data indicate that these dimers are not components of Photofrin-II. During the synthesis of a 13C-labeled dimer with an ester linkage, a small amount of trimer was also isolated. The structures of these compounds were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy. Using a standard screening system with DBA/2 mice bearing transplanted SMT-F tumors, these dimers were found not to be as active as Photofrin-II.
Improved voice activity detection based on a smoothed statistical likelihood ratio (2002)

This paper presents the behavioural mechanism of a statistical model-based voice activity detector (VAD), featuring a likelihood ratio test for the activity decision. From investigation of the VAD, it is found that detection errors could occur frequently at speech offset regions because of the delay term in the decision-directed parameter estimator, employed for the estimation of an unknown parameter of the likelihood ratio. Hence, this paper proposes a smoothed likelihood ratio so as to alleviate the detection errors at the offset region. Objective test results show that the proposed scheme is useful for achieving a considerable performance improvement for the VAD. Additionally, the proposed VAD gives detection performances superior to G.729B VAD and comparable with the AMR VAD option 2.
QuickBASIC (version 4.5): a user-friendly computer programming tool (1989)

Sciendo provides publishing services and solutions to academic and professional organizations and individual authors. We publish journals, books, conference proceedings and a variety of other publications.
Reversible protein phosphorylation regulates jasmonic acid‐dependent and ‐independent wound signal transduction pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana (1998)

Plants responses to mechanical injury are complex and include the induced expression of defence-related genes. The phytohormone JA has been reported to mediate some of these responses. To elucidate further the signal transduction processes involved, the action of specific agonists and antagonists of known signalling effectors on the response of Arabidopsis thaliana plantlets to JA and wounding was investigated. The identification and characterization of a reversible protein phosphorylation step in a transduction pathway leading to JA-induced gene transcription is reported. This phosphorylation event involved the opposing activities of a staurosporine-sensitive protein kinase, negatively regulating the pathway, and a protein phosphatase, most probably of type 2 A, which activated JA-responsive gene expression. JA activation via this pathway was blocked in the A. thaliana JA-insensitive mutants jin1, jin4 and coi1, and by exogenous application of cycloheximide or auxins. Wound-induced activation of JA-responsive genes was also regulated by this protein phosphorylation step. An alternative wound signalling pathway, independent of JA, was also identified, leading to the transcriptional activation of a different set of genes. This JA-independent pathway was also regulated by a protein phosphorylation switch, in which the protein kinase positively regulated the pathway while the protein phosphatase negatively regulated it. Moreover, a labile protein apparently repressed the expression of these genes. One of the genes analysed, JR3, had a complex pattern of expression, possibly because it was regulated via both of the wound signalling pathways identified. According to the function of an homologous gene, JR3 may be involved in feedback inhibition of the JA response.
Cannabinoids in Humans. II. The Influence of Three Methods of Hydrolysis on the Concentration of THC and Two Metabolites in Urine (1995)

Glucuronide conjugates of cannabinoids were previously identified in humans. For gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis of the unconjugated compounds in human urine, it is necessary to cleave the glucuronide moiety. Base hydrolysis and two forms of enzymatic hydrolysis were compared in this study to examine any quantitative differences between the hydrolysis methods. Human volunteers (n = 8) each smoked one marijuana cigarette containing 3.58% delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and submitted urine samples prior to smoking, 5 min after smoking, and hourly for 8 h thereafter. Urine (1 mL) was buffered to the optimum pH for each form of enzyme tested. beta-Glucuronidase from Escherichia coli (bacteria) or Helix pomatia (mollusk) was added to the specimens, followed by overnight incubation at 37 degrees C. Following hydrolysis, the samples were extracted using hexane-ethyl acetate (7:1) and derivatized with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide plus 1% trimethylchlorosilane, which converted the cannabinoids to their trimethylsilyl derivatives. GC-MS analysis revealed striking differences between the hydrolysis methods. Concentrations of unconjugated THC and 11-hydroxy-THC (11-OH-THC) using E. coli were significantly increased over all other methods tested (p < .05). These results demonstrate the species-dependent nature of glucuronidase activity in hydrolyzing THC and 11-OH-THC glucuronides and the ineffectiveness of base hydrolysis on these hydroxylated compounds. The need for further study to find the optimum conditions necessary for the complete hydrolysis of cannabinoid conjugates is suggested.
Portable Surgery Master Station for Mobile Robotic Telesurgery (2007)

We describe a system that provides a low-cost, portable control station for experimentation in mobile robotic telesurgery. The software and hardware implementation of our system are described in detail. The device mapping between the Haptic Interface Devices (HID) and the surgical robot that enable