gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Road Marking Feature Extraction (2008)

This paper proposes a systematic approach to evaluate algorithms for extracting road marking features from images. This specific topic is seldom addressed in the literature while many road marking detection algorithms have been proposed. Most of them can be decomposed into three steps: extracting road marking features, estimating a geometrical marking model, tracking the parameters of the geometrical model along an image sequence. The present work focuses on the first step, i.e. feature extraction. A reference database containing over 100 images of natural road scenes was built with corresponding manually labeled ground truth images (available at http://www.lcpc.fr/en/produits/ride/). This database enables to evaluate and compare extractors in a systematic way. Different road marking feature extraction algorithm representing different classes of techniques are evaluated: thresholding, gradient analysis, and convolution. As a result of this analysis, recommendations are given on which extractor to choose according to a specific application.
Treatment of Ischemic Brain Damage by Perturbing NMDA Receptor- PSD-95 Protein Interactions (2002)

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) mediate ischemic brain damage but also mediate essential neuronal excitation. To treat stroke without blocking NMDARs, we transduced neurons with peptides that disrupted the interaction of NMDARs with the postsynaptic density protein PSD-95. This procedure dissociated NMDARs from downstream neurotoxic signaling without blocking synaptic activity or calcium influx. The peptides, when applied either before or 1 hour after an insult, protected cultured neurons from excitotoxicity, reduced focal ischemic brain damage in rats, and improved their neurological function. This approach circumvents the negative consequences associated with blocking NMDARs and may constitute a practical stroke therapy.
Detecting and assessing macrophages in vivo to evaluate atherosclerosis noninvasively using molecular MRI (2007)

We investigated the ability of targeted immunomicelles to detect and assess macrophages in atherosclerotic plaque using MRI in vivo. There is a large clinical need for a noninvasive tool to assess atherosclerosis from a molecular and cellular standpoint. Macrophages play a central role in atherosclerosis and are associated with plaques vulnerable to rupture. Therefore, macrophage scavenger receptor (MSR) was chosen as a target for molecular MRI. MSR-targeted immunomicelles, micelles, and gadolinium-diethyltriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) were tested in ApoE-/- and WT mice by using in vivo MRI. Confocal laser-scanning microscopy colocalization, macrophage immunostaining and MRI correlation, competitive inhibition, and various other analyses were performed. In vivo MRI revealed that at 24 h postinjection, immunomicelles provided a 79% increase in signal intensity of atherosclerotic aortas in ApoE-/- mice compared with only 34% using untargeted micelles and no enhancement using gadolinium-DTPA. Confocal laser-scanning microscopy revealed colocalization between fluorescent immunomicelles and macrophages in plaques. There was a strong correlation between macrophage content in atherosclerotic plaques and the matched in vivo MRI results as measured by the percent normalized enhancement ratio. Monoclonal antibodies to MSR were able to significantly hinder immunomicelles from providing contrast enhancement of atherosclerotic vessels in vivo. Immunomicelles provided excellent validated in vivo enhancement of atherosclerotic plaques. The enhancement seen is related to the macrophage content of the atherosclerotic vessel areas imaged. Immunomicelles may aid in the detection of high macrophage content associated with plaques vulnerable to rupture.
Inducible expression and cytogenetic effects of the EcoRI restriction endonuclease in Chinese hamster ovary cells. (1988)

The cytogenetic endpoints sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and chromosome aberrations are widely used as indicators of DNA damage induced by mutagenic carcinogens. Chromosome aberrations appear to result directly from DNA double-strand breaks, but the lesion(s) giving rise to SCE formation remains unknown. Most compounds that induce SCEs induce a spectrum of lesions in DNA. To investigate the role of double-strand breakage in SCE formation, we constructed a plasmid that gives rise to one specific lesion, a staggered-end ("cohesive") DNA double-strand break. This plasmid, designated pMENs, contains a selectable marker, neo, which is a bacterial gene for neomycin resistance, and the coding sequence for the bacterial restriction endonuclease EcoRI attached to the mouse metallothionein gene promoter. EcoRI recognizes G decreases AATTC sequences in DNA and makes DNA double-strand breaks with four nucleotides overhanging as staggered ends. Cells transfected with pMENS were resistant to the antibiotic G418 and contained an integrated copy of the EcoRI gene, detectable by DNA filter hybridization. The addition of the heavy metal CdSO4 resulted in the intracellular production of EcoRI, as measured by an anti-EcoRI antibody. Cytogenetic analysis after the addition of CdSO4 indicated a dramatic increase in the frequency of chromosome aberrations but very little effect on SCE frequency. Although there was some intercellular heterogeneity, these results confirm that DNA double-strand breaks do result in chromosome aberrations but that these breaks are not sufficient to give rise to SCE formation.
Fully modified 2' MOE oligonucleotides redirect polyadenylation (2001)

Many genes have been described and characterized that have alternative polyadenylation signals at the 3'-end of their pre-mRNAs. Many of these same messages also contain destabilization motifs responsible for rapid degradation of the mRNA. Polyadenylation site selection can thus determine the stability of an mRNA. Fully modified 2'-O:-methoxy ethyl/phosphorothioate oligonucleotides that hybridize to the 3'-most polyadenylation site or signal of E-selectin were able to inhibit polyadenylation at this site and redirect it to one of two upstream cryptic sites. The shorter transcripts produced after antisense treatment have fewer destabilization sequences, increased mRNA stability and altered protein expression. This study demonstrates that antisense oligonucleotides can be successfully employed to redirect polyadenylation. This is the first demonstration of the use of oligonucleotides to increase, rather than decrease, abundance of a message.
Effect of piperacillin/tazobactam treatment on human bowel microflora (1993)

The effect of piperacillin/tazobactam treatment on the bowel microflora was studied in 20 patients with intra-abdominal infections. The patients were treated with piperacillin 4 g and tazobactam 500 mg administered intravenously every 8 h for four to eight days. Stool specimens were collected before, during and after treatment. Six patients had measurable faecal concentrations of piperacillin (1.2-276 mg/kg) and four patients measurable concentrations of tazobactam (0.8-22.2 mg/kg) during treatment. The mean numbers of enterobacteria, enterococci, bifidobacteria, eubacteria, lactobacilli, clostridia and Gram-positive cocci decreased while the numbers of anaerobic Gram-negative cocci and bacteroides were unaffected. The aerobic and anaerobic microflora returned to normal in all patients after the treatment had stopped.
Uniform and accurate single-cell sequencing based on emulsion whole-genome amplification (2015)

Whole-genome amplification (WGA) for next-generation sequencing has seen wide applications in biology and medicine when characterization of the genome of a single cell is required. High uniformity and fidelity of WGA is needed to accurately determine genomic variations, such as copy number variations (CNVs) and single-nucleotide variations (SNVs). Prevailing WGA methods have been limited by fluctuation of the amplification yield along the genome, as well as false-positive and -negative errors for SNV identification. Here, we report emulsion WGA (eWGA) to overcome these problems. We divide single-cell genomic DNA into a large number (10(5)) of picoliter aqueous droplets in oil. Containing only a few DNA fragments, each droplet is led to reach saturation of DNA amplification before demulsification such that the differences in amplification gain among the fragments are minimized. We demonstrate the proof-of-principle of eWGA with multiple displacement amplification (MDA), a popular WGA method. This easy-to-operate approach enables simultaneous detection of CNVs and SNVs in an individual human cell, exhibiting significantly improved amplification evenness and accuracy.
The biology of Canadian weeds. 9. Thlaspi arvense L. (updated) (2002)

An updated review of biological information is provided for Thlaspi arvense. Native to Eurasia, the species is naturalized and widely spread in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, including all of Canada's provinces and territories, and has recently spread to temperate regions in the southern hemisphere. It is an annual pioneer of disturbed soils and is an important weed of grain, oilseed, and forage crops in Canada, particularly in the prairies. High levels of erucic acid and glucosinolates can contaminate canola. When present in hay or other fodder, its seeds or leaves can be toxic to animals, as well as contaminate milk and meat with unpleasant flavors. It can serve as a host for insect, nematode, fungal and viral pests of canola and mustard crops. A persistent seed bank, high fecundity, and the growth habit of a hardy winter annual with early- (EF) and late-flowering (LF) strains, all contribute to its ability to compete with crops. Effective herbicides include the sulfonylureas, chlorsulfuron and ethametsulphuron, MCPA, tribenuronmethyl, phenocyacetic acid, flurtamone, 2,4-D, 2,4-D + dicamba, and 2,4-D + picloram. A resistant biotype to Group 2 herbicides, which inhibit acetolactate synthase (ALS), has been found at two to five sites in Alberta in 2001. The potential of T. arvense as an industrial oilseed crop is being investigated. Key words: Stinkweed, Thlaspi arvense, weed biology, field pennycress, fanweed, oilseed potential
Nonpsychiatric Illness Among Primary Care Patients With Trauma Histories and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (2002)

These findings suggest that PTSD is associated with a higher rate of general medical complaints.
Phase 2 study of lenalidomide in transfusion-dependent, low-risk, and intermediate-1–risk myelodysplastic syndromes with karyotypes other than deletion 5q (2007)

Lenalidomide is approved for red blood cell (RBC) transfusion-dependent anemia due to low or intermediate-1 (int-1) risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) associated with a chromosome 5q deletion with or without additional cytogenetic abnormalities. We report results of a multicenter, phase 2 trial evaluating lenalidomide therapy for transfusion-dependent patients with low- or int-1-risk MDS without deletion 5q. Eligible patients had 50,000/mm(3) or more platelets and required 2 U or more RBCs within the previous 8 weeks; 214 patients received 10 mg oral lenalidomide daily or 10 mg on days 1 to 21 of a 28-day cycle. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia (30%) and thrombocytopenia (25%). Using an intention-to-treat analysis, 56 (26%) patients achieved transfusion independence (TI) after a median of 4.8 weeks of treatment with a median duration of TI of 41.0 weeks. In patients who achieved TI, the median rise in hemoglobin was 32 g/L (3.2 g/dL; range, 10-98 g/L [1.0-9.8 g/dL]) from baseline. A 50% or greater reduction in transfusion requirement occurred in 37 additional patients, yielding a 43% overall rate of hematologic improvement (TI response + ||>or= 50% reduction in transfusion requirement). Lenalidomide has clinically meaningful activity in transfusion-dependent patients with low- or int-1-risk MDS who lack the deletion 5q karyotypic abnormality.
A mild two-step method for the hydrolysis of lactams and secondary amides (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA mild two-step method for the hydrolysis of lactams and secondary amidesDaniel L. Flynn, Robert E. Zelle, and Paul A. GriecoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 14, 2424–2426Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00162a028https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00162a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4784Altmetric-Citations263LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Thermal Dehydrogenation of Cyclooctane by Supported Noble Metal Catalysts (1991)

Abstract Under boiling and refluxing conditions, cyclooctane has been dehydrogenated to cyclooctene and molecular hydrogen selectively with carbon- and alumina-supported Pd, Ph, and Ru catalysts. The activity order among these metal catalysts was Pd&amp;gt;Rh&amp;gt;Ru. The most active carbon-supported Pd catalyst was least sensitive to the rate retardation caused by cyclooctene adsorption. Desorption of molecular hydrogen from the Pd catalyst surface was deduced to proceed rapidly after the rate-determining step.
Heparin decreases the rate of proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells by releasing transforming growth factor [5-like activity from serum (1993)

&lt;b&gt;Objectives:&lt;/b&gt; Various heparins have been reported to inhibit the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The effects of eight chemically distinct heparins on the cell cycle and differentiation of primary and passaged cultures of rat aortic VSMCs have been characterised and the mechanism of heparin action investigated. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; VSMCs from adult rat aorta were prepared by enzyme dispersion and stimulated to enter the cell cycle with 109f serum in the presence or absence of heparin. Progressions through S phase and M phase were measured by [3H]-thymidine incorporation and cell counting respectively. Flow cytometry was used to confirm the effects of heparin on VSMC cell cycle progression. The effect of heparin on VSMC differentiation was investigated by analysing smooth muscle specific myosin heavy chain content of the cells after heparin treatment. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Eight heparins at concentrations between 5 (xgrnU1 and 100 |xg-ml~' partially inhibited VSMC proliferation (27% to &lt;it&gt;16%&lt;/it&gt; 96 hours after addition of heparin), but did not affect the entry of the cells into S phase. Flow cytometry confirmed that VSMC populations in the presence of heparin contained significantly (p&lt; 0.005) more cells in the G&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;/M phase of the cell cycle than control populations. Heparin also blocked the dedifferentiation of primary cultures of VSMCs stimulated by serum. These effects of heparin were completely reversed by the presence of a neutralising antiserum to transforming growth factor S (TGF (3) and heparin attached to agarose beads was as effective as free heparin as a growth inhibitor of VSMCs. &lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Heparins of varying molecular weight and anticoagulent properties all partially inhibited VSMC proliferation predominantly by extending the G&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;/M phase of the cell cycle. Heparin also inhibited dedifferentiation of primary cultures of VSMCs. Heparin (&lt;100 p,g-ml '} acted extracellularly to release TGF B from serum, which accounted for the effects of heparin on proliferation and differentiation. &lt;it&gt;Cardiovascular Research&lt;/it&gt; 1993:27:2238-2247
Selective Suppression of IL-12 Production by Chemoattractants (2000)

We investigated the ability of chemoattractants to affect IL-12 production by human monocytes and dendritic cells. We found that pretreatment of monocytes with macrophage chemoattractant proteins (MCP-1 to -4), or C5a, but not stromal-derived factor-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, RANTES, or eotaxin, inhibited IL-12 p70 production in response to stimulation with Staphylococcus aureus, Cowan strain 1 (SAC), and IFN-gamma. The production of TNF-alpha and IL-10, however, was minimally affected by any of the chemoattractants. The degree of inhibition of IL-12 p70 production by MCP-1 to -4 was donor dependent and was affected by the autocrine inhibitory effects of IL-10. In contrast, C5a profoundly suppressed IL-12 production in an IL-10-independent fashion. Neither TGF-beta1 nor PGE2 was important for the suppression of IL-12 by any of the chemoattractants tested. The accumulation of mRNA for both IL-12 p35 and p40 genes was inhibited by chemokine pretreatment. Interestingly, MCP-1 to -4 and C5a did not suppress IL-12 production by monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) stimulated with CD40 ligand and IFN-gamma or by SAC and IFN-gamma, suggesting that these factors may act at the site of inflammation to suppress IL-12 and IFN-gamma production rather than in the lymph node to affect T cell priming. Despite the inability of C5a to inhibit IL-12 production by DCs, the receptor for C5a (CD88) was expressed by these cells, and recombinant C5a induced a Ca2+ flux. Taken together, these results define a range of chemoattractant molecules with the ability to suppress IL-12 production by human monocytes and have broad implications for the regulation of immune responses in vivo.
Highly Conductive and Conformal Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) Thin Films via Oxidative Molecular Layer Deposition (2014)

This work introduces oxidative molecular layer deposition (oMLD) as a chemical route to synthesize highly conductive and conformal poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) thin films via sequential vapor exposures of molybdenum(V) chloride (MoCl5, oxidant) and ethylene dioxythiophene (EDOT, monomer) precursors. The growth temperature strongly affects PEDOT’s crystalline structure and electronic conductivity. Films deposited at ∼150 °C exhibit a highly textured crystalline structure, with {010} planes aligned parallel with the substrate. Electrical conductivity of these textured films is routinely above 1000 S cm–1, with the most conductive films exceeding 3000 S cm–1. At lower temperatures (∼100 °C) the films exhibit a random polycrystalline structure and display smaller conductivities. Compared with typical electrochemical, solution-based, and chemical vapor deposition techniques, oMLD PEDOT films achieve high conductivity without the need for additives or postdeposition treatments. Moreover, the sequential-reaction synthesis method produces highly conformal coatings over high aspect ratio structures, making it attractive for many device applications.
Taking atomic force microscope advances to the university classroom (2002)

Because of the current and future importance of the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) in education and research, our team has been working on transferring this technology to the college classroom. In this paper we present the initial findings of a case study in which two years of cutting-edge AFM research was transferred to the college classroom in the form of a one-semester course. The course was developed before the research was completed and published in final form. While, the course centered on the re-creation and explanation of the most recent advances in building high-throughput AFMs, it also implemented and assessed the use of two online AFMs. Student response to the initial course offering, its content, and the tools used, was very positive. The students rated the course above the department average on 14 of the 15 survey metrics and claimed that the teaching method would help them remember more than other classes (average 8 on a ten-point scale. N=24). As a result of the course, several students have shown interest in pursuing work and research in this field. These results indicate that the course has successfully broadened the horizons of undergraduate and graduate students at the University of Nevada Reno, which had no microtechnology or AFM course offering prior to this work. It has also demonstrated the potential of using the AFM as the center focus of a MEMS/Nano-technology course. Finally, this case study may serve as a model for future technology transfer to the classroom by Ph.D. candidates who have not fully completed their technical research.
Receptors and Entry Cofactors for Retroviruses Include Single and Multiple Transmembrane-Spanning Proteins as well as Newly Described Glycophosphatidylinositol-Anchored and Secreted Proteins (2001)

In the past few years, many retrovirus receptors, coreceptors, and cofactors have been identified. These molecules are important for some aspects of viral entry, although in some cases it remains to be determined whether they are required for binding or postbinding stages in entry, such as fusion. There are certain common features to the molecules that many retroviruses use to gain entry into the cell. For example, the receptors for most mammalian oncoretroviruses are multiple membrane-spanning transport proteins. However, avian retroviruses use single-pass membrane proteins, and a sheep retrovirus uses a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored molecule as its receptor. For some retroviruses, particularly the lentiviruses, two cell surface molecules are required for efficient entry. More recently, a soluble protein that is required for viral entry has been identified for a feline oncoretrovirus. In this review, we will focus on the various strategies used by mammalian retroviruses to gain entry into the cell. The choice of receptors will also be discussed in light of pressures that drive viral evolution and persistence.