gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sex hormones and diabetic retinopathy. (1993)

An estimation of the serum testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels using a radioimmunoassay technique was made in 25 control subjects, 52 diabetic patients without retinopathy, and six patients with diabetic retinopathy. Testosterone levels were higher in the diabetic patients with and without retinopathy than in the control subjects. They were significantly higher in the diabetic patients with retinopathy compared with the levels in those without retinopathy (P < .001) and equally significantly elevated compared with the levels in the control group (P < .001). Similarly, the FSH level was higher in the diabetic patients with retinopathy than in the control group and in those without retinopathy. Statistically, this increase was not significant (P > .05).
Long-Range Singlet Energy Transfer in Perylene Bis(phenethylimide) Films (1997)

The distance over which singlet energy is transferred in polycrystalline films of perylene bis(phenethylimide), PPEI, was measured by a surface quenching technique in films ranging in thickness from 0.04 to 2.3 μm. Radiative energy transfer was not observed. Accurate values of the exciton transfer length could be obtained only with quenchers exhibiting rapid surface quenching velocities (>105 cm/s), such as poly(3-methylthiophene). The measured singlet exciton transfer length of 2.5 ± 0.5 μm is apparently the longest yet reported. Its approximate value can be inferred directly from the experimental data and is therefore essentially independent of the assumed theoretical model. Our measurements contain no direct information about the mechanism of the exciton motion; however, if it is assumed to be diffusional, the calculated intermolecular exciton hopping time, τh ≪ 100 fs, is unusually fast. This suggests that excitons, in fact, may be delocalized over a number of molecules and that coherent energy transfer plays some role in the exciton motion. Energy is apparently transferred further and faster in PPEI films than in natural photosynthetic light-harvesting systems.
Potent Analgesic Effects of GDNF in Neuropathic Pain States (2000)

Neuropathic pain arises as a debilitating consequence of nerve injury. The etiology of such pain is poorly understood, and existing treatment is largely ineffective. We demonstrate here that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) both prevented and reversed sensory abnormalities that developed in neuropathic pain models, without affecting pain-related behavior in normal animals. GDNF reduces ectopic discharges within sensory neurons after nerve injury. This may arise as a consequence of the reversal by GDNF of the injury-induced plasticity of several sodium channel subunits. Together these findings provide a rational basis for the use of GDNF as a therapeutic treatment for neuropathic pain states.
Characterizations of the human parainfluenza type 2 virus gene encoding the L protein and the intergenic sequences (1991)

We cloned and determined the nucleotide sequences of cDNAs against genomic RNA encoding the L protein of human parainfluenza type 2 virus (PIV-2). The L gene is 6904 nucleotides long including the intergenic region at the HN-L junction and putative negative strand leader RNA, almost all of which is complementary to the positive strand leader RNA of PIV-2. The deduced L protein contains 2262 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 256,366. The L protein of PIV-2 shows 39.9, 28.9, 27.8 and 28.3% homologies with Newcastle disease virus (NDV), Sendai virus (SV), parainfluenza type 3 virus (PIV-3) and measles virus (MV), respectively. Although sequence data on other components of transcriptive complex, NP and P, suggested a closer relationship between PIV-2 and MV, as concerns the L protein, MV is closely related to another group as SV and PIV-3. From analysis of the alignment of the five l proteins, six blocks composed of conserved amino acids were found in the L proteins. The L protein of PIV-2 was detected in purified virions and virus-infected cells using antiserum directed against an oligopeptide corresponding to the amino terminal region. Primer extension analyses showed that the intergenic regions at the NP-P, P-M, M-F, F-HN and HN-L junctions are 4, 45, 28, 8 and 42 nucleotides long, respectively, indicating that the intergenic regions exhibit no conservation of length and sequence. Furthermore, the starting and ending sequences of paramyxoviruses were summarized.
Risk mitigation of genetically modified bacteria and plants designed for bioremediation (2005)

While the possible advantages of bioremediation and phytoremediation, by both recombinant microbes and plants, have been extensively reviewed, the biosafety concerns have been less extensively treated. This article reviews the possible risks associated with the use of recombinant bacteria and plants for bioremediation, with particular emphasis on ways in which molecular genetics could contribute to risk mitigation. For example, genetic techniques exist that permit the site-specific excision of unnecessary DNA, so that only the transgenes of interest remain. Other mechanisms exist whereby the recombinant plants or bacteria contain conditional suicide genes that may be activated under certain conditions. These methods act to prevent the spread and survival of the transgenic bacteria or plants in the environment, and to prevent horizontal gene flow to wild or cultivated relatives. Ways in which these genetic technologies may be applied to risk mitigation in bioremediation and phytoremediation are discussed.
Robust Playfield Segmentation using MAP Adaptation. (2004)

A vital task in sports video annotation is to detect and segment areas of the playfield. This is an important first step in player or ball tracking and detecting the location of the play on the playfield. In this paper, we present a technique using statistical models, Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) and maximum a posteriori (MAP) adaptation. This involves first creating a generic model of the play-field colour and then using unsupervised MAP adaptation to adapt this model to the colour of the playfield in each game. This technique provides a robust and accurate segmentation of the playfield. To demonstrate the robustness of the method we tested it on a number of different sports that have grass playfields, rugby, soccer and field hockey.
Automatic processing of proper names in texts (1995)

This paper shows first the problems raised by proper names in natural language processing. Second, it introduces the knowledge representation structure we use based on conceptual graphs. Then it explains the techniques which are used to process known and unknown proper names. At last, it gives the performance of the system and the further works we intend to deal with.
Synthesis and binding studies of a photoaffinity label for bovine rhodopsin (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and binding studies of a photoaffinity label for bovine rhodopsinRanjan Sen, John D. Carriker, Valeria Balogh-Nair, and Koji NakanishiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 11, 3214–3216Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00375a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00375a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views128Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Graphene-Based Liquid Crystal Device (2008)

Graphene is only one atom thick, optically transparent, chemically inert, and an excellent conductor. These properties seem to make this material an excellent candidate for applications in various photonic devices that require conducting but transparent thin films. In this letter, we demonstrate liquid crystal devices with electrodes made of graphene that show excellent performance with a high contrast ratio. We also discuss the advantages of graphene compared to conventionally used metal oxides in terms of low resistivity, high transparency and chemical stability.
Aberration correction for confocal imaging in refractive‐index‐mismatched media (1998)

Summary A major limitation to the use of confocal microscopes to image thick biological tissue lies in the dramatic reduction in both signal level and resolution when focusing deep into a refractive‐index‐mismatched specimen. This limitation may be overcome by measuring the wavefront aberration and pre‐shaping the input beam so as to cancel the effects of aberration. We consider the images of planar and point objects in brightfield, single‐photon fluorescence and two‐photon fluorescence imaging. In all cases, the specimens are imaged using an oil‐immersion objective through various thicknesses of water. The question of finite‐sized pinhole is addressed and it is found, in general, that it is sufficient to correct only the first two or three orders of spherical aberration to restore adequate image signal level and optical resolution, at imaging depths of up to 50‐100 wavelengths.
Glyphosate: A Unique Global Herbicide (1997)

Glyphosate is a popular global post-emergent perennial herbicide. This volume is a comprehensive review of glyphosate's history, properties, chemistry, biology, formulation, technology, enzymology, and structure/activity relationship. The discussion covers glyphosate's unique environmental properties, broad range of application, soil inactivity, soil and plant metabolism, low toxicity, and uptake and transport in plants. It also covers the syntheses of hundreds of analogs and derivatives and clarifies glyphosate's molecular mode of action and its effect on the target enzyme EPSP synthase.
[Application of serum protein pattern model in diagnosis of colorectal cancer]. (2004)

Combination of SELDI-TOF-MS with the artificial neural network yields significant higher sensitivity and specificity than CEA in the diagnosis of CRC, which should be further studied.
Effect of vasopressin on regional splanchnic blood flows in conscious man. (1976)

In 11 conscious normovolaemic patients with acute or chronic pancreatitis the effect of a continuous intravenous infusion of lysine-8-vasopressin, 5 IU/70 kg b.w./20 min on the portal and the hepatic venous blood flows was studied by using multiple portal catheters, oxygen saturation measurements and an indicator dilution technique with continuous infusion of 133Xe into the portal vein or its tributaries. During vasopressin infusion the total hepatic blood flow, estimated by the Bradley technique with indocyanine green dye, was reduced to 61% of the value at rest. Owing to the simultaneously occurring streamlining of the portal venous flow with incomplete mixing of indicator and blood, the portal and hepatic venous blood flows could be measured in only 3 of 9 patients. The reduction in the portal venous blood flow during vasopressin infusion was more marked than the decrease of the total hepatic flow, corresponding to a calculated increase of the hepatic arterial flow of 50%. Total splanchnic oxygen uptake and extrahepatic splanchnic oxygen uptake were unchanged during and after infusion of vasopressin. Thus, changes in splandhnic blood flow could be estimated from changes in arteriovenous oxygen differences. Also by this method a more pronounced reduction in the portal venous than of the hepatic venous blood flow was observed. The decrease during vasopressin infusion of the superior mesenteric venous flow was more marked than that of the splenic vein. The splanchnic circulatory changes may be different for other doses of vasopressin and in cirrhotic patients with higher hepatic arterial blood flow fractions.
Combined optical and X–ray interferometry for high–precision dimensional metrology (2000)

The requirement for calibrating transducers having subnanometre displacement sensitivities stimulated the development of an instrument in which the displacement is measured by a combination of optical and X–ray interferometry. The need to combine both types of interferometry arises from the fact that optical interferometry enables displacements corresponding to whole numbers of optical fringes to be measured very precisely, but subdivision of an optical fringe may give rise to errors that are significant at the subnanometre level. The X–ray interferometer is used to subdivide the optical fringes. Traceability to the meter is achieved via traceable calibrations of the lattice parameter of silicon and of the laser frequency.Polarization encoding and phase modulation allow the optical interferometer to be precisely set on a specific position of the interference fringe—the null point setting. The null point settings in the interference fringe field correspond to dark or bright fringes. Null measurement ensures maximum possible noise rejection. However, polarization encoding makes the interferometer nonlinear, but all nonlinearity effects are effectively zero at the fringe set point. The X–ray interferometer provides the means for linear subdivision of optical fringes. Each X–ray fringe corresponds to a displacement that is equal to the lattice parameter of silicon, which is ca .0.19 nm for the (220) lattice planes. For displacements up to 1 m the measurement uncertainties at 95% confidence level are ± 30 pm, and for displacements up to 100 m and 1 mm the uncertainties are ± 35 and ± 170 pm, respectively.Important features of the instrument, which is located at the National Physical Laboratory, are the silicon monolith interferometer that both diffracts X–rays and forms part of the optical interferometer, a totally reflecting parabolic collimator for enhancing the usable X–ray flux and the servo–control for the interferometers.
Quickmig (2007)

A common task in many database applications is the migration of legacy data from multiple sources into a new one. This requires identifying semantically related elements of the source and target systems and the creation of mapping expressions to transform instances of those elements from the source format to the target format. Currently, data migration is typically done manually, a tedious and timeconsuming process, which is difficult to scale to a high number of data sources. In this paper, we describe QuickMig, a new semi-automatic approach to determining semantic correspondences between schema elements for data migration applications. QuickMig advances the state of the art with a set of new techniques exploiting sample instances, domain ontologies, and reuse of existing mappings to detect not only element correspondences but also their mapping expressions. QuickMig further includes new mechanisms to effectively incorporate domain knowledge of users into the matching process. The results from a comprehensive evaluation using real-world schemas and data indicate the high quality and practicability of the overall approach.
Specific Antibodies and Fab Fragments to Alter the Pharmacokinetics and Reverse the Pharmacologic/Toxicologic Effects of Drugs (1980)

(1980). Specific Antibodies and Fab Fragments to Alter the Pharmacokinetics and Reverse the Pharmacologic/Toxicologic Effects of Drugs. Drug Metabolism Reviews: Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 223-262.
Neural Tissue Engineering: Strategies for Repair and Regeneration (2003)

▪ Abstract Nerve regeneration is a complex biological phenomenon. In the peripheral nervous system, nerves can regenerate on their own if injuries are small. Larger injuries must be surgically treated, typically with nerve grafts harvested from elsewhere in the body. Spinal cord injury is more complicated, as there are factors in the body that inhibit repair. Unfortunately, a solution to completely repair spinal cord injury has not been found. Thus, bioengineering strategies for the peripheral nervous system are focused on alternatives to the nerve graft, whereas efforts for spinal cord injury are focused on creating a permissive environment for regeneration. Fortunately, recent advances in neuroscience, cell culture, genetic techniques, and biomaterials provide optimism for new treatments for nerve injuries. This article reviews the nervous system physiology, the factors that are critical for nerve repair, and the current approaches that are being explored to aid peripheral nerve regeneration and spinal cord repair.
Optical interconnects based on two-dimensional VCSEL arrays (2002)

Free space optical interconnects offer an exciting alternative to conventional packaging for electronic systems which uses planar board and backplane structures. The alternative, which shall be called 3D packaging, involves using the space perpendicular to the processing planes for free-space optical beams that transport the data between the planes. 3D packaging is very appealing for tightly-coupled fine-grained parallel computing where the need for massive numbers of interconnections is severely taxing the capabilities of the planar structures. This paper describes an effort to develop the enabling technologies for these 3D systems, and to demonstrate a functional computer based on this technology. The approach is to realize the optical interconnections through the use of two-dimensional optoelectronic (smart pixel) arrays based on vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser arrays.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Subsets of sialylated, sulfated mucins of diverse origins are recognized by L-selectin. Lack of evidence for unique oligosaccharide sequences mediating binding (1996)

Previous studies have shown that the mucin-type polypeptides GlyCAM-1, CD34, and MAdCAM-1 can function as ligands for L-selectin only when they are synthesized by the specialized high-endothelial venules (HEV) of lymph modes. Since sialylation, sulfation, and possibly fucosylation are required for generating recognition, we reasoned that other mucins known to have such components might also bind L-selectin. We show here that soluble mucins secreted by human colon carcinoma cells, as well as those derived from human bronchial mucus can bind to human L-selectin in a calcium-dependent manner. As with Gly-CAM-1 synthesized by lymph node HEV, alpha 2-3 linked sialic acids and sulfation seem to play a critical role in generating this L-selectin binding. In each case, only a subset of the mucin molecules is recognized by L-selectin. Binding is not destroyed by boiling, suggesting that recognition may be based primarily upon carbohydrate structures. Despite this, O-linked oligosaccharide chains released from these ligands by beta-elimination do not show any detectable binding to L-selectin. Following protease treatment of the ligands, binding persists in a subset of the resulting fragments, indicating that specific recognition is determined by certain regions of the original mucins. However, O-linked oligosaccharides released from the subset of non-binding mucin fragments do not show very different size and charge profiles compared to those that do bind. Furthermore, studies with polylactosamine-degrading endoglycosidases suggest that the core structures involved in generating binding can vary among the different ligands. Taken together, these data indicate that a single unique oligosaccharide structure may not be responsible for high-affinity binding. Rather, diverse mucins with sialylated, sulfated, fucosylated lactosamine-type O-linked oligosaccharides can generate high-affinity L-selectin ligands, but only when they present these chains in unique spacing and/or clustered combinations, presumably dictated by the polypeptide backbone.
H19, a surface membrane molecule involved in T-cell activation, inhibits channel formation by human complement (1990)

Here we compare the properties of leukocyte antigens H19 and CD59 with those of the PI-linked 18,000-20,000 Mr molecules which inhibit lysis of human cells by the autologous terminal complement components C5b-9. H19, a 19,000 Mr protein found on human erythrocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, T-lymphocytes and other cells, is one of the ligands involved in the spontaneous rosette formation between human T-lymphocytes and erythrocytes. Recent evidence indicates that H19 also participates in T-cell activation. CD59 is a widely distributed 18,000-25,000 Mr protein anchored to the cell membrane by phosphatidylinositol (PI). The function of CD59 is unknown. Affinity-purified H19 incorporates into cell membranes and inhibits channel formation by human C5b-9 on guinea pig erythrocytes. Significant inhibition is achieved with picogram quantities of H19, corresponding to approximately 600 molecules per erythrocyte. H19 is most effective when C9 is limiting but quite active when C5b-7 or C8 are limiting, indicating that it may interact with several of the structurally related terminal complement components. The inhibitory activity is blocked by mAbs to either CD59 or to H19. H19 is PI-anchored: it is released from the cell membrane by treatment with PI-specific phospholipase C, and it is absent from cells from a patient with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). Analysis of PNH erythrocytes after treatment with terminal complement proteins shows that the H19-negative erythrocytes are more susceptible to C5b-9-mediated lysis. Treatment of normal human erythrocytes with either anti-H19 or anti-CD59 renders them more susceptible to lysis by human C5b-9. We conclude that H19 and CD59 are probably the same molecule and are identical or closely related to the recently described inhibitors of C5b-9 channel formation.