gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ellagic Acid, Vitamin C, and Total Phenolic Contents and Radical Scavenging Capacity Affected by Freezing and Frozen Storage in Raspberry Fruit (2000)

The ellagic acid, total phenolic, and vitamin C contents in four raspberry cultivars (Heritage, Autumn Bliss, Rubi, and Zeva) grown in Spain were detected and quantified by HPLC in fresh, just frozen, and stored fruits at -20 degrees C for a one year period. Ellagic acid [207-244 mg kg(-)(1) of fresh weight (fw)], total phenolic (137-1776 mg kg(-)(1) of fw), and vitamin C (221-312 mg kg(-)(1) of fw) contents in raw material were higher in the late cultivars Zeva and Rubi than in the early cultivars Autumn Bliss and Heritage. The freezing process slightly affected the values of extracted ellagic acid, total phenolic, and vitamin C content. At the end of long-term frozen storage (12 months), no significant change of total phenolic content extracted was observed, but significant decreases of 14-21% in ellagic acid and of 33-55% in vitamin C were quantified. Free radical scavenging capacity measured as antiradical efficiency (AE) depends on the seasonal period of harvest. Late cultivars, Rubi (6.1 x 10(-)(4)) and Zeva (10.17 x 10(-)(4)), showed higher AE than early cultivars, Heritage (4.02 x 10(-)(4)) and Autumn Bliss (4.36 x 10(-)(4)). The freezing process produced a decrease of AE values in the four cultivars ranging between 4 and 26%. During the frozen storage, the AE values reached after the freezing process remained unchanged.
Immunological control mechanisms in plaque formation (1994)

Atherosclerosis is characterized by cholesterol accumulation, inflammation, and fibrous tissue formation. We have analyzed inflammatory components of atherosclerotic plaques and obtained evidence for T lymphocyte activation and cytokine secretion. A molecular genetical characterization of T cell clones obtained from atherosclerotic lesions revealed that the cells are heterogeneous with regard to antigen receptor gene organization. This indicates that they are derived from several progenitors and respond to different antigenic epitopes. The latter are not yet known, and it is also unclear to what extent the lymphocytic infiltrate in plaques represent a local immune response. Vascular effects of cytokines produced by plaque macrophages and lymphocytes were studied in cell culture and animal experiments. It was found that the T cell cytokine, interferon-gamma, inhibits cholesterol accumulation and foam cell formation by down-regulating the scavenger receptor on macrophages. It also inhibits smooth muscle proliferation in culture and the formation of arterial restenosis after angioplasty in experimental animals. Together, these studies emphasize the importance of vascular-immune interactions in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
<title>Flat-panel cone-beam CT on a mobile isocentric C-arm for image-guided brachytherapy</title> (2002)

Flat-panel imager (FPI) based cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a strong candidate technology for intraoperative imaging in image-guided procedures such as brachytherapy. The soft-tissue imaging performance and potential navigational utility have been investigated using a computer-controlled benchtop system. These early results have driven the development of an isocentric C-arm for intraoperative FPI-CBCT, capable of collecting 94 projections over 180 degrees in 110 seconds. The C-arm system employs a large-area FPI with 400 micron pixel pitch and Gd<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>S:Tb scintillator. Image acquisition, processing and reconstruction are orchestrated under a single Windows-based application. Reconstruction is performed by a modified Feldkamp algorithm implemented on a high-speed reconstruction engine. Non-idealities in the source and detector trajectories during orbital motion has been quantified and tested for stability. Cone-beam CT imaging performance was tested through both quantitative and qualitative methods. The system MTF was measured using a wire phantom and demonstrated frequency pass out to 0.6 mm<SUP>-1</SUP>. Voxel noise was measured at 2.7 percent in a uniform 12 cm diameter water bath. Anatomical phantoms were employed for qualitative evaluation of the imaging performance. Images of an anaesthetized rabbit demonstrated the capacity of the system to discern soft-tissue structures within a living subject while offering sub-millimeter spatial resolution. The dose delivered in each of the imaging procedures was estimated from in-air exposure measurements to be approximately 0.1 cGy. Imaging studies of an anthropomorphic prostate phantom were performed with and without radioactive seeds. Soft-tissue imaging performance and seed detection appear to satisfy the imaging and navigation requirements for image-guided brachytherapy. These investigations advance the development and evaluation of such technology for image-guided surgical procedures, including brachytherapy, vertebroplasty and neurosurgery. The demonstrated soft-tissue visibility, excellent spatial resolution, low imaging dose, and convenient from factor make C-arm based cone-beam CT a powerful new technology for image-guidance applications.
Retinal plasma extravasation in animals but not in humans: implications for the pathophysiology of migraine (1998)

High-intensity electrical stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion is accompanied by mast cell degranulation, vasodilatation, increased endothelial permeability and leakage of albumin from postcapillary venules within the dura mater. Overall, the histological appearance suggests an evolving sterile inflammatory response. This neurogenic inflammation within the meninges has been suggested as a model to explain the pain in migraine and cluster headache, and has been used to characterize the pharmacology of anti-migraine compounds. Using the rat model of neurogenic inflammation, the albumin extravasation ratio (stimulated : unstimulated side) in vehicle-treated animals in the dura and retina was 1.60 +/- 0.11 and 1.76 +/- 0.18, respectively (n = 10; values are mean +/- SEM). Pretreatment with sumatriptan (n = 9) produced a highly significant reduction in the ratio of extravasation within the dura to 1.10 +/- 0.06 (P = 0.002) and in the retina to 0.96 +/- 0.06 (P = 0.001), as did the neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist RP 67580 (n = 12) in the dura (1.04 +/- 0.11, P = 0.002) and retina (1.08 +/- 0.06, P = 0.001). These data demonstrate increased endothelial permeability and leakage of albumin not only in the dura but also in the retina. In a second stage we investigated possible extravasation in the human retina in acute migraine (n = 8) and cluster headache (n = 5) using fluorescein or indocyanine angiography. No increased endothelial permeability or leakage of dye could be found in the human retinal or choroidal vessels during headache attacks or in the headache-free interval in persons suffering from both migraine and cluster headache. These data raise the possibility that neurogenic inflammation is not a major factor in headache attacks in migraine or cluster headache.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 4′-C-Methyl Nucleosides (1996)

Abstract A series of 2′-deoxy, 2′,3′-unsaturdted and 2′,3′-dideoxynucleoside analogues, which have an additional methyl group at the 4′-position, have been synthesized. When evaluated for their inhibitory activity against HIV in MT-4 cell, 2′-deoxy-4′-C-methyl nucleosides exhibited potent activity.
Familial vestibulopathy (1994)

Three patients who presented with episodic vertigo followed by gait imbalance and oscillopsia had profound bilateral vestibular loss despite normal hearing. All had a parent with similar findings. The patients, their affected parent, and multiple other family members had a history of migraine headaches, although several of the latter had normal vestibular function. Acetazolamide stopped or markedly decreased the frequency of vertigo attacks in the three patients treated but had little effect on the chronic vestibular loss. This is the first report of a dominantly inherited bilateral vestibulopathy associated with normal hearing.
Definitive Diagnosis of Early Enamel and Dentin Cracks Based on Microscopic Evaluation (2003)

This article gives new guidelines for recognition, visualization, classification, and treatment of cracked teeth based on the routine use of 16x magnification. The significance of enamel cracks as they relate to dentinal cracks is detailed.
Sequence of the leader peptidase gene of Escherichia coli and the orientation of leader peptidase in the bacterial envelope. (1983)

The nucleotide sequence of the leader peptidase structural gene from Escherichia coli has been determined. The gene codes for a protein of 323 amino acid residues with a calculated Mr = 35,994, in agreement with the apparent molecular weight of leader peptidase (37,000) determined from gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. In addition, the amino acid composition predicted from the DNA sequence matches that of the purified enzyme. Leader peptidase synthesized in a cell-free transcription-translation system and isolated from cell membranes have identical apparent molecular weights on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. The presence of methionine and cysteine in the NH2-terminal tryptic peptide shows that no more than three amino acid residues have been removed from the primary translation product predicted from the DNA sequence. These results indicate that leader peptidase is synthesized and assembled into the membrane without proteolytic removal of a leader peptide. Leader peptidase is shown to be largely found in the inner membrane of overproducing strains. The majority of the polypeptide chain is exposed on the outer surface of the inner membrane. It is anchored by a membrane-spanning segment near the NH2 terminus. This orientation agrees with the functional orientation of leader peptidase observed in artificial membrane vesicles.
Preclinical Development of a Subcutaneous ALAS1 RNAi Therapeutic for Treatment of Hepatic Porphyrias Using Circulating RNA Quantification (2015)

The acute hepatic porphyrias are caused by inherited enzymatic deficiencies in the heme biosynthesis pathway. Induction of the first enzyme 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase 1 (ALAS1) by triggers such as fasting or drug exposure can lead to accumulation of neurotoxic heme intermediates that cause disease symptoms. We have demonstrated that hepatic ALAS1 silencing using siRNA in a lipid nanoparticle effectively prevents and treats induced attacks in a mouse model of acute intermittent porphyria. Herein, we report the development of ALN-AS1, an investigational GalNAc-conjugated RNAi therapeutic targeting ALAS1. One challenge in advancing ALN-AS1 to patients is the inability to detect liver ALAS1 mRNA in the absence of liver biopsies. We here describe a less invasive circulating extracellular RNA detection assay to monitor RNAi drug activity in serum and urine. A striking correlation in ALAS1 mRNA was observed across liver, serum, and urine in both rodents and nonhuman primates (NHPs) following treatment with ALN-AS1. Moreover, in donor-matched human urine and serum, we demonstrate a notable correspondence in ALAS1 levels, minimal interday assay variability, low interpatient variability from serial sample collections, and the ability to distinguish between healthy volunteers and porphyria patients with induced ALAS1 levels. The collective data highlight the potential utility of this assay in the clinical development of ALN-AS1, and in broadening our understanding of acute hepatic porphyrias disease pathophysiology.
DIVERSITY OF OLIGONUCLEOTIDE FUNCTIONS (1995)

SELEX is a technology for the identification of high affinity oligonucleotide ligands. Large libraries of random sequence single-stranded oligonucleotides, whether RNA or DNA, can be thought of conformationally not as short strings but rather as sequence dependent folded structures with high degrees of molecular rigidity in solution. This conformational complexity means that such a library is a source of high affinity ligands for a surprising variety of molecular targets, including nucleic acid binding proteins such as polymerases and transcription factors, non-nucleic acid binding proteins such as cytokins and growth factors, as well as small organic molecules such as ATP and theophylline. The range of applications of this technology for new discovery extends from basic research reagents to the identification of novel diagnostic and therapeutic reagents. Examples of these applications are described along with a discussion of underlying principles and future developments expected to further the utility of SELEX.
Cardiac myosin binding protein c phosphorylation is cardioprotective (2006)

Cardiac myosin binding protein C (cMyBP-C) has three phosphorylatable serines at its N terminus (Ser-273, Ser-282, and Ser-302), and the residues' phosphorylation states may alter thick filament structure and function. To examine the effects of cMyBP-C phosphorylation, we generated transgenic mice with cardiac-specific expression of a cMyBP-C in which the three phosphorylation sites were mutated to aspartic acid, mimicking constitutive phosphorylation (cMyBP-C(AllP+)). The allele was bred into a cMyBP-C null background (cMyBP-C((t/t))) to ensure the absence of endogenous dephosphorylated cMyBP-C. cMyBP-C(AllP+) was incorporated normally into the cardiac sarcomere and restored normal cardiac function in the null background. However, subtle changes in sarcomere ultrastructure, characterized by increased distances between the thick filaments, indicated that phosphomimetic cMyBP-C affects thick-thin filament relationships, and yeast two-hybrid data and pull-down studies both showed that charged residues in these positions effectively prevented interaction with the myosin heavy chain. Confirming the physiological relevance of these data, the cMyBP-C(AllP+:(t/t)) hearts were resistant to ischemia-reperfusion injury. These data demonstrate that cMyBP-C phosphorylation functions in maintaining thick filament spacing and structure and can help protect the myocardium from ischemic injury.
High diastereoface selection in an ester enolate addition to .alpha.-alkoxy aldehydes: stereoselective synthesis of .alpha.-methylene-.beta.-hydroxy-.gamma.-alkoxy esters (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh diastereoface selection in an ester enolate addition to .alpha.-alkoxy aldehydes: stereoselective synthesis of .alpha.-methylene-.beta.-hydroxy-.gamma.-alkoxy estersLuca Banfi, Anna Bernardi, Lino Colombo, Cesare Gennari, and Carlo ScolasticoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 20, 3784–3790Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00194a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00194a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views609Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Glycolic Acid Production Using Ethylene Glycol-Oxidizing Microorganisms (2001)

Screening for microorganisms oxidizing ethylene glycol to glycolic acid was carried out. Among stock cultures, several yeasts and acetic acid bacteria showed high glycolic acid producing activity. Pichia naganishii AKU 4267 formed the highest concentration of glycolic acid, 35.3 g/l, from 10% (v/v) ethylene glycol (molar conversion yield, 26.0%). Among soil isolates, Rhodotorula sp. 3Pr-126, isolated using propylene glycol as a sole carbon source, formed the highest concentration of glycolic acid, 25.1 g/l, from 10% (v/v) ethylene glycol (molar conversion yield, 18.5%). Rhodotorula sp. 3Pr-126 showed higher activity toward 20% (v/v) ethylene glycol than P. naganishii AKU 4267. Optimization of the conditions for glycolic acid production was investigated using P. naganishii AKU 4267 and Rhodotorula sp. 3Pr-126. Under the optimized conditions, P. naganishii AKU 4267 and Rhodotorula sp. 3Pr-126 formed 105 and 110 g/l of glycolic acid (corrected molar conversion yields, 88.0 and 92.2%) during 120 h of reaction, respectively.
High performance CMOS operation of strained-SOI MOSFETs using thin film SiGe-on-insulator substrate (2003)

We demonstrate high performance CMOS operation of fully depleted (FD) and partially depleted (PD) strained-SOI MOSFETs on a new thin-film-SGOI substrate with high Ge content (25%) fabricated by the combination of SIMOX and ITOX technologies, without using the usual thick SiGe buffer layers. We verify high electron (85%) and hole (50%) mobility enhancement of strained-SOI MOSFETs against the universal carrier mobility. It is demonstrated, as a result, that the gate delay time of strained-SOI CMOS is improved by about 70%, compared to that of control-SOI CMOS. Moreover, we also discuss both the strained-Si thickness and the effective field dependent difference between electron and hole mobility enhancement factors of strained-SOI CMOS.
Attenuation of CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis by GdCl3treatment or dietary glycine (2001)

The role of Kupffer cells in CCl(4)-induced fibrosis was investigated in vivo. Male Wistar rats were treated with phenobarbital and CCl(4) for 9 wk, and a group of rats were injected with the Kupffer cell toxicant gadolinium chloride (GdCl(3)) or were fed glycine, which inactivates Kupffer cells. After CCl(4) alone, the fibrosis score was 3.0 +/- 0.1 and collagen protein and mRNA expression were elevated, but GdCl(3) or glycine blunted these parameters. Glycine did not alter cytochrome P-450 2E1, making it unlikely that glycine affects CCl(4) metabolism. Treatment with GdCl(3) or glycine prevented CCl(4)-induced increases in transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 protein levels and expression. CCl(4) treatment increased alpha-smooth muscle actin staining (score 3.0 +/- 0.2), whereas treatment with GdCl(3) and glycine during CCl(4) exposure blocked this effect (1.2 +/- 0.5); there was no staining with glycine treatment. These results support previous in vitro data and demonstrate that treatment of rats with the selective Kupffer cell toxicant GdCl(3) prevents stellate cell activation and the development of fibrosis.
Efficient major histocompatibility complex class I presentation of exogenous antigen upon phagocytosis by macrophages. (1993)

Antigens in extracellular fluids can be processed and presented with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules by a subset of antigen presenting cells (APCs). Chicken egg ovalbumin (Ova) linked to beads was presented with MHC class I molecules by these cells up to 10(4)-fold more efficiently than soluble Ova. This enhanced presentation was observed with covalently or noncovalently linked Ova and with beads of different compositions. A key parameter in the activity of these conjugates was the size of the beads. The APC that is responsible for this form of presentation is a macrophage. These cells internalize the antigen constructs through phagocytosis, since cytochalasin B inhibited presentation. Processing of the antigen and association with MHC class I molecules appears to occur intracellularly as presentation was observed under conditions where there was no detectable release of peptides into the extracellular fluids. When injected in vivo in C57BL/6 mice, Ova-beads, but not soluble Ova, primed CD4- CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Similar results were obtained in BALB/c mice immunized with beta-galactosidase-beads. The implications of these findings for development of nonliving vaccines that stimulate CTL immunity are discussed.
Is the Synaptonemal Complex a Disjunction Machine? (1995)

The chiasma has been recognized as a major feature of meiosis both visually and functionally for > 85 years. But its functional basis remains poorly understood. In interaction with the spindle, it generally mediates the ultimate distribution of homologues to opposite poles at meiosis I to yield correct disjunction. Its establishment depends upon the presence of a completed reciprocal recombination (crossover) event, but its maintenance from the time of crossover completion until anaphase I (a period of substantial extent) requires additional functions. Evidence for the nature of these functions, their relationship to synapsis and conjectures on their place in the evolution of meiosis are discussed here.
Thromboxanes: a new group of biologically active compounds derived from prostaglandin endoperoxides. (1975)

An unstable [t1/2 at 37 degrees = 32 +/- 2 (SD) sec] intermediate, thromboxane A2, was detected in the conversion of prostaglandin G2 into 8-(1-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl)-9,12L-dihydroxy-5,10-heptadecadienoic acid (thromboxane B2) in platelets. The intermediate was trapped by addition of methanol, ethanol, or sodium azide to suspensions of washed human platelets incubated for 30 sec with arachidonic acid or prostaglandin G2. The structures of the resulting derivatives demonstrated that the intermediate possessed an oxane ring as in thromboxane B2 but lacked its hemiacetal hydroxyl group. Additional experiments using 18O2 or [2H8]arachidonic acid in the formation of thromboxane B2 and CH3O2H for the trapping of thromboxane A2, together with information on the t1/2 of the intermediate, indicated the presence of an oxetane structure in thromboxane A2. Incubation of arachidonic acid or prostaglandin G2 with washed platelets led to formation of an unstable factor that induced irreversible platelet aggregation and caused release of [14C]serotonin from platelets that had been incubated with [14C]serotonin. The properties and the mode of formation of this factor indicated that it was identical with thromboxane A2. Furthermore, evidence is presented that the more unstable and major component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS) formed in platelets and guinea pig lung is also thromboxane A2.