gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reactivation of codogenic endogenous retroviral (ERV) envelope genes in human endometrial carcinoma and prestages: Emergence of new molecular targets (2012)

Endometrial carcinoma (EnCa) is the most common invasive gynaecologic carcinoma. Over 85% of EnCa are classified as endometrioid, expressing steroid hormone receptors and mostly involving pathological prestages. Human endogenous retroviruses (ERV) are chromosomally integrated genes, account for about 8% of the human genome and are implicated in the etiology of carcinomas. The majority of ERV envelope (env) coding genes are either not present or not consistently represented between common gene expression microarrays. The aim of this study was to analyse the absolute gene expression of all known 21 ERV env genes including 19 codogenic and two env genes with premature stop codons in EnCa, endometrium as well as in hyperplasia and polyps. For EnCa seven env genes had high expression with >200 mol/ng cDNA (e.g. envH1-3, Syncytin-1, envT), two middle >50 mol/ng cDNA (envFc2, erv-3) and 12 low less than 50 mol/ng cDNA (e.g. Syncytin-2, envV2). Regarding tumor parameters, Syncytin-1 and Syncytin-2 were significantly over-expressed in advanced stage pT2 compared to pT1b. In less differentiated EnCa Syncytin-1, erv-3, envT and envFc2 were significantly over-expressed. Syncytin-1, Syncytin-2 and erv-3 were specific to glandular epithelial cells of polyps, hyperplasia and EnCa using immunohistochemistry. An analysis of 10 patient-matched EnCa with endometrium revealed that the ERV-W 5' long terminal repeat regulating Syncytin-1 was hypomethylated, including the ERE and CRE overlapping MeCP2 sites. Functional analyses showed that 10 env genes were regulated by methylation in EnCa using the RL95-2 cell line. In conclusion, over-expressed env genes could serve as indicators for pathological pre-stages and EnCa.
Distal Mentoring: An Antidote to Toxicity? (2015)

Failures in mentoring relationships threaten outcomes and can lead to chronic damage to participants.This paper reports on findings from a recent doctoral study to establish how a developmental mentoring model would impact toxicity.Using a case study of a regional public services mentoring scheme operating a developmental mentoring model, findings indicated toxicity may be avoided when a 'distal' model of mentoring is adhered to.The paper explores the significance of a professionally or organisationally distant mentor in the prevention of toxicity.
CYP26, a Novel Mammalian Cytochrome P450, Is Induced by Retinoic Acid and Defines a New Family (1997)

A novel member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily, CYP26, which represents a new family of cytochrome P450 enzymes, has been cloned. CYP26 mRNA is up-regulated during the retinoic acid (RA)-induced neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells in vitro and is transiently expressed by embryonic stem cells undergoing predominantly non-neural differentiation. CYP26 transcript is detectable as early as embryonic day 8.5 in mouse embryos, suggesting a function for the gene in early development. CYP26 is expressed in mouse and human liver, as expected for a cytochrome P450, and is also expressed in regions of the brain and the placenta. Acute administration of 100 mg/kg all-trans-RA increases steady-state levels of transcript in the adult liver, but not in the brain. CYP26 is highly homologous to a Zebrafish gene, CYPRA1, which has been proposed to participate in the degradation of RA, but is minimally homologous to other mammalian cytochrome P450 proteins. Thus, we report the cloning of a member of a novel cytochrome P450 family that is expressed in mammalian embryos and in brain and is induced by RA in the liver.
A Profile of Journalism Faculties in Korea (2006)

This paper addresses four research questions related to a profile of journalism faculties in Korea. They were: the ratio of faculty members from the undergraduate alma mater; the ratio of U.S. Ph.D. degree holders; the ratio of journalism faculties who majored in journalism for an undergrduate degree, and the ratio of female students and faculties. These questions are supposed to be vital to understanding as well as improving the qualities of journalism faculties in Korea.
New synthetic methods for the regioselective annelation of aromatic rings: 1-hydroxy-2,3-disubstituted naphthalenes and 1,4-dihydroxy-2,3-disubstituted naphthalenes (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew synthetic methods for the regioselective annelation of aromatic rings: 1-hydroxy-2,3-disubstituted naphthalenes and 1,4-dihydroxy-2,3-disubstituted naphthalenesFrank M. Hauser and Richard P. RheeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 1, 178–180Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00395a048https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00395a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1866Altmetric-Citations163LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Long-term follow-up of patients with invasive fungal disease who received adjunctive therapy with recombinant human macrophage colony- stimulating factor (1993)

Mortality of bone marrow transplant (BMT) patients who develop invasive fungal infection is greater than 80%. Long-term follow-up of 46 consecutive BMT patients who received recombinant human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhM-CSF) as adjunctive therapy with standard antifungal treatment who were entered into phase I/II trials at The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center is reported. rhM-CSF (100 micrograms/m2 to 2,000 micrograms/m2; Chiron/Cetus Corporation, Emeryville, CA) was administered from day 0 to 28 after determination of progressive fungal disease. Results of long-term follow-up of fungal infection, relapse, and survival were compared with 58 similar historical controls. Multivariable analysis of the patients who received rhM-CSF showed two factors that significantly correlated with poor survival: Karnofsky score &lt; or = 20% and Aspergillus infection. Overall, survival of patients who received rhM-CSF was greater than that of historical patients (27% v 5%) and was entirely because of a 50% survival rate in patients with Candida infection and Karnofsky scores greater than 20%. Prospective, randomized, controlled trials to determine efficiency of rhM-CSF are indicated and should be directed at patients with invasive candidiasis.
Contributions of animal models to the study of mood disorders (2013)

Mood disorders are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, yet their underlying pathophysiology remains unclear. Animal models serve as a powerful tool for investigating the neurobiological mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders; however, no animal model developed to date can fully mimic the "corresponding" human psychiatric disorder. In this scenario, the development of different animal models contributes to our understanding of the neurobiology of these disorders and provides the possibility of preclinical pharmacologic screening. The present review seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of traditional and recent animal models, recapitulating different features and the possible pathologic mechanisms of mood disorders emulated by these models.
Formation of Polyesters by Pseudomonas oleovorans : Effect of Substrates on Formation and Composition of Poly-( R )-3-Hydroxyalkanoates and Poly-( R )-3-Hydroxyalkenoates (1988)

Pseudomonas oleovorans grows on C(6) to C(12)n-alkanes and 1-alkenes. These substrates are oxidized to the corresponding fatty acids, which are oxidized further via the beta-oxidation pathway, yielding shorter fatty acids which have lost one or more C(2) units. P. oleovorans normally utilizes beta-oxidation pathway intermediates for growth, but in this paper we show that the intermediate 3-hydroxy fatty acids can also be polymerized to intracellular poly-(R)-3-hydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) when the medium contains limiting amounts of essential elements, such as nitrogen. The monomer composition of these polyesters is a reflection of the substrates used for growth of P. oleovorans. The largest monomer found in PHAs always contained as many C atoms as did the n-alkane used as a substrate. Monomers which were shorter by one or more C(2) units were also observed. Thus, for C-even substrates, only C-even monomers were found, the smallest being (R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate. For C-odd substrates, only C-odd monomers were found, with (R)-3-hydroxyheptanoate as the smallest monomer. 1-Alkenes were also incorporated into PHAs, albeit less efficiently and with lower yields than n-alkanes. These PHAs contained both saturated and unsaturated monomers, apparently because the 1-alkene substrates could be oxidized to carboxylic acids at either the saturated or the unsaturated ends. Up to 55% of the PHA monomers contained terminal double bonds when P. oleovorans was grown on 1-alkenes. The degree of unsaturation of PHAs could be modulated by varying the ratio of alkenes to alkanes in the growth medium. Since 1-alkenes were also shortened before being polymerized, as was the case for n-alkanes, copolymers which varied with respect to both monomer chain length and the percentage of terminal double bonds were formed during nitrogen-limited growth of P. oleovorans on 1-alkenes. Such polymers are expected to be useful for future chemical modifications.
Rapid extraction of high molecular weight RNA from cultured cells and granulocytes for Northern analysis (1988)

The study of messenger RNA in mammalian cells by Northern analysis requires the extraction of intact RNA in pure form. Although a number of reliable techniques have been developed for the purpose, most are fairly complex, involving steps such as ultracentrifugation and multiple extractions with large volumes of phenol and chloroform. When the number of cell samples to be analyzed is large, these techniques can be unwieldy. I now describe an RNA purification procedure which is simple enough to allow handling of a large number of cultured cell samples. It uses safe and inexpensive reagents and produces a high yield of pure total cell RNA, essentially free of DNA and ribonuclease, suitable for Northern analysis. The procedure also allows extraction of intact RNA from human granulocytes, cells which are rich in ribonuclease and contain very low amounts of RNA.
Anion selectivity in biological systems (1977)

As background for appreciating the still-unsolved problems of monovalent anion selectivity, we summarize the facts and intepretations that seem reasonably well established. In section II we saw that specific effects of monovalent anions on biological and physical systems define qualitative patterns, in that only certain sequences of anion effects are observed. For example, the 4 halides can be permitted on paper as 4! = 24 sequences, yet only 5 of these sequences have been observed in nature as potency sequences. In addition, there are quantitative regularities in anion potency that permit the construction of so-called empirical selectivity isotherms (Figs. 4 and 13). That is, a given potency sequence is found to be associated with only a certain modest range of selectivity ratios. The sequences and isotherms apply to effects with a nonequilibrium component (e.g., permeability and conductance sequences) as well as to purely equilibrium effects. Since students of cation selectivity have had difficulty accepting this conclusion, we discuss the reasons why it is not as paradoxical as it at first seems. In sections III and IV we develop four theoretical models to account for the observed anion potency sequences as sequences of equilibrium binding energies. Two of these models involve calculation of electrostatic binding energies between anions and monopolar or dipolar cationic sites, assuming anions as well as sites to be rigid and nonpolarizable. The other two models use thermochemically measured binding energies between anions and thealkali cations or occasionally alkaline-earth cations, which in fact approximate rigid, nonpolarizable spheres. All four models consider the anion selectivity pattern of a given cationic site to be determined by anion differences in the balance between hydration energies and ion-site binding energies. Site differences in anion selectivity pattern are attributed to site differences in radius, charge, coordination number, or dipole length. These models succeed in predicting all five observed selectivity sequences of the halides. The models predict in addition the possible existence of two further halide sequences that arise from very strong sites and that have not yet been observed in nature. For polyatomic anions the predictions agree approximately but not completely with observations. Thyroidlike systems, which greatly prefer iodide over other halides,re interpreted as having the weakest sites. Site hydration is predicted to affect the magnitude but not the sequence of potency ratios. For the thyroidlike systems, observed potency ratios are smaller than would be expected if anions were completely dehydrated at biological sites.
The universality of multidimensional switching networks (1994)

Multidimensional switching networks are networks that utilize more than one degree of freedom (e.g., space, wavelength, time, code). The main idea is to use several dimensions of practical size in hierarchical multiplexing to overcome the physical constraints present when using only one dimension of large size. We generalize the case of one-dimensional switching networks to k-dimensional switching networks. Such networks have high degree of connectivity (/spl Gt/1000) and reduced complexity compared to one-dimensional networks. We introduce a technology-independent universal theory discussing two models, one of multidimensional selective switching, and the other of multidimensional broadcasting, concentrating on complexity and channel assignment. The required size of each dimension, hardware complexities, channel assignment, and corresponding routing algorithms and their time complexities are discussed. It is shown with examples bow the complexity of these networks can be reduced to a minimum by optimal allocation of the complexity in each dimension. Several realizations of three-dimensional wavelength-time-space networks using different technologies (e.g., fiber optics, acousto-optics, free-space and photonic switching) are described for both models.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Integrin αIIbβ3 specific synthetic human monoclonal antibodies and HCDR3 peptides that potently inhibit platelet aggregation (2003)

The interaction of fibrinogen with integrin alphaIIbbeta3 (GPIIb/IIIa), in part mediated by an RGD tripeptide motif, is an essential step in platelet aggregation. Based on their inhibition of platelet aggregation, three integrin alphaIIbbeta3 inhibitors are clinically approved. The clinically most widely used integrin alphaIIbbeta3 inhibitor abciximab is a chimeric mouse/human antibody that induces thrombocytopenia, often severe, in 1-2% of patients due to a human anti-mouse antibody (HAMA) response. In addition, unlike other ligands mimicking small molecular drugs, abciximab cross-reacts with integrin alphavbeta3 and alphaMbeta2. Here we used phage display to select monoclonal antibodies specific to integrin alphaIIbbeta3 from a synthetic human antibody library based on the randomized HCDR3 sequence VGXXXRADXXXYAMDV. The selected antibodies revealed a strong consensus in HCDR3 (V(V/W)CRAD(K/R)RC) and high specificity toward integrin alphaIIbbeta3 but not to other RGD binding integrins such as alphavbeta3, alphavbeta5, and alpha5beta1. The selected antibodies as well as three synthetic peptides (VWCRADRRC, VWCRADKRC, and VVCRADRRC) whose sequences were derived from the HCDR3 sequences of the selected antibodies strongly inhibited the interaction between integrin alphaIIbbeta3 and fibrinogen and platelet aggregation ex vivo. To our knowledge, these are the first fully human monoclonal antibodies that are specific to integrin alphaIIbbeta3 and can potently inhibit platelet aggregation.
Humoral immune response to herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoproteins in patients receiving a glycoprotein subunit vaccine (1985)

Serial serum specimens from 22 herpes simplex virus (HSV)-seronegative recipients of an HSV type 2 (HSV-2) glycoprotein subunit vaccine were analyzed by radioimmunoprecipitation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the development of antibodies to HSV-2 gB, gD, and g80, a complex of gC and gE. Volunteers received 50 (n = 12) or 100 micrograms (n = 10) of vaccine at days 0, 28, and 140; sera were drawn weekly for 8 weeks and again at days 140, 147, and 365. Among seronegative volunteers, antibody to gB was detected 2 weeks after the first dose, while antibodies to g80 and gD were detected after the second dose (day 35). Antibodies to nonglycosylated HSV-specific proteins were not detected. A dose-response effect between recipients of 50- and 100-micrograms doses was observed in the proportion of vaccine recipients seroconverting to g80 and in the proportion of recipients retaining antibodies to both gD and g80 over time. Diminishing complement-independent neutralizing antibody titers occurred after the second dose and were associated with loss or reduction of detectable antibody to gD. Volunteers who were seropositive for HSV-1-specific antibody (n = 11) were also enrolled in the trial and received 50-micrograms doses of vaccine. Vaccination resulted in conversion to HSV-2 complement-independent neutralizing antibody specificity or indeterminant specificity in 10 of 11 volunteers. These shifts were accompanied by changes in the radioimmunoprecipitation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profile. These changes, which were apparent by 14 days after the first vaccine dose, included de novo appearance or increased levels of antibody to g80 and increased levels of antibody to gD and gB. These studies document the immunogenicity of solubilized glycoproteins gB, gD, gC, and, possibly, gE in humans.
Dynamic Performances of High-speed Train in Wind Shear (2014)

A quasi-steady approach to high-speed train fluid-structure dynamics is presented for the issue of a linear wind shear with steady regions. Based on that approach, the dynamic performances of high-speed train are analyzed under different wind shear environments. It is concluded that the safety indexes become worse with the incremental of the train’s running speed and the decrease of the linear wind shear time interval. The magnitude of the wheelset lateral force, derailment coefficient and wheel unloading are beyond the allowed values in some cases. Besides, the magnitude of the wheel rail vertical force is relative difficult to go beyond the allowed value. When the running speed of a train is larger than 300km/h, wheel unloading is chosen as the evaluation safety index; when the running speed of the train is less than 250km/h, wheelset lateral force and derailment coefficient are chosen as the evaluation safety indexes. Results show that the region of safety running speed in wind shear is smaller than that in traditional crosswind; viz. the running safety becomes worse in wind
White light-emitting organic electroluminescent devices using the poly(N-vinylcarbazole) emitter layer doped with three fluorescent dyes (1994)

White light-emitting electroluminescent devices were fabricated using poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) as a hole-transporting emitter layer and a double layer of 1,2,4-triazole derivative (TAZ) and tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminum(III) complex (Alq) as an electron transport layer. The PVK layer was doped with fluorescent dyes such as blue-emitting 1,1,4,4-tetraphenyl-1,3-butadiene, green-emitting coumarin 6, and orange-emitting DCM 1. A cell structure of glass substrate/indium-tin-oxide/doped PVK/TAZ/Alq/Mg:Ag was employed. White emission covering a wide range of the visible region and a high luminance of 3400 cd/m2 were obtained at a drive voltage of 14 V.
Inverse, protean, and ligand‐selective agonism: matters of receptor conformation (2001)

Concepts regarding the mechanisms by which drugs activate receptors to produce physiological response have progressed beyond considering the receptor as a simple on-off switch. Current evidence suggests that the idea that agonists produce only varying degrees of receptor activation is obsolete and must be reconciled with data to show that agonist efficacy has texture as well as magnitude. Thus, agonists can block system constitutive response (inverse agonists), behave as positive and inverse agonists on the same receptor (protean agonists), and differ in the stimulus pattern they produce in physiological systems (ligand-selective agonists). The molecular mechanism for this seemingly diverse array of activities is the same, namely, the selective microaffinity of ligands for different conformational states of the receptor. This paper reviews evidence for the existence of the various types of agonism and the potential therapeutic utility of different agonist types.-Kenakin, T. Inverse, protean, and ligand-selective agonism: matters of receptor conformation.
Design of fault-tolerant solid state mass memory (2003)

This paper presents the flow used for the design of a fault-tolerant solid state mass memory (SSMM) based on commercial off the shelf (COTS) 64 Mb DRAMs. The effects of high-energy radiations on these devices are often complex. In particular, in the paper we consider heavy ion and proton induced soft and hard errors in DRAM devices. In our work, these errors are mitigated at system level rather at device level. In fact the mass memory is based on a suitable ECC code that improves its tolerance with respect to errors induced in DRAMs. The definition of a SSMM architecture is very complex since the design has to take into account the radiation environment and the different system constraints. In this paper we presents the methodology, derived from the operational research theory, used to select the codes and the memory architecture, taking into account the different design constraints.
Detecting object affordances with Convolutional Neural Networks (2016)

We present a novel and real-time method to detect object affordances from RGB-D images. Our method trains a deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to learn deep features from the input data in an end-to-end manner. The CNN has an encoder-decoder architecture in order to obtain smooth label predictions. The input data are represented as multiple modalities to let the network learn the features more effectively. Our method sets a new benchmark on detecting object affordances, improving the accuracy by 20% in comparison with the state-of-the-art methods that use hand-designed geometric features. Furthermore, we apply our detection method on a full-size humanoid robot (WALK-MAN) to demonstrate that the robot is able to perform grasps after efficiently detecting the object affordances.