gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound-Assisted Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Preliminary Experience (1991)

The preliminary results of a study evaluating the use of intraoperative ultrasonography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy are presented. The study is focused on two aspects of the ultrasound application; the assessment of possibility and place of access to the peritoneal cavity when attempting laparoscopy in patients who previously underwent abdominal surgery, and the assessment of the final state of the biliary tract after completion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Twenty-two patients entered the study and in 21 of them successful intraoperative examination of biliary tract could be performed. The current pilot study allows the conclusion that it is possible to visualize and examine the biliary tract during the course of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Moreover, using ultrasonography prior to laparoscopy it is possible to estimate a safe access area for the introduction of the trocars. Ultrasonography allows detection of areas where adhesions between peritoneum and abdominal wall are present.
Gain of OGP, an Estrogen-Regulated Oviduct-Specific Glycoprotein, Is Associated with the Development of Endometrial Hyperplasia and Endometrial Cancer (2004)

Oviduct-specific glycoprotein may be a useful diagnostic adjunct to more accurately classify premalignant and early malignant change in the endometrium, improving on the current irreproducible histologic classification system.
Interactive Home Systems (IHS)-an overview (1988)

The Interactive Home Systems project (IHS) is a two-year collaborative project under the EUREKA umbrella, whose purpose is to define a minimum European standard by which domestic appliances may be interconnected through a common bus network. Seven leading companies are involved that together hold a substantial proportion of the European market for domestic electrical equipment and have the combined strength to set standards. There is a strong emphasis on keeping infrastructure costs to a minimum. The design of these media interfaces and all lower-layer protocols associated with them, along with special jointly-developed components, form a core of work which can be freely shared by all participants under a common agreement. A brief overview of the work so far is presented and some envisaged applications are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Layered space-time codes for wireless communications using multiple transmit antennas (2003)

Multiple-antenna systems provide very high capacity compared to single antenna systems in a Rayleigh fading environment. Space-time codes are channel codes designed to exploit this high capacity for multiple-antenna systems without requiring instantaneous channel knowledge at the transmitter. A practical concern for high data rate space-time codes is their decoding complexity. The decoding complexity with ML criterion can be prohibitively large. In this paper, we focus on layered space-time (LST) codes. Two types of LST codes, the horizontally-layered space-time (HLST) codes and the diagonally-layered space-time (DLST) codes, are presented. We analyze the performance of both types of LST codes under slow and fast fading conditions. We conclude that, in a slow fading environment, DLST codes have superior performance over HLST codes. The design criteria for DLST codes are proposed.
Mask R-CNN (2017)

We present a conceptually simple, flexible, and general framework for object instance segmentation. Our approach efficiently detects objects in an image while simultaneously generating a high-quality segmentation mask for each instance. The method, called Mask R-CNN, extends Faster R-CNN by adding a branch for predicting an object mask in parallel with the existing branch for bounding box recognition. Mask R-CNN is simple to train and adds only a small overhead to Faster R-CNN, running at 5 fps. Moreover, Mask R-CNN is easy to generalize to other tasks, e.g., allowing us to estimate human poses in the same framework. We show top results in all three tracks of the COCO suite of challenges, including instance segmentation, bounding-box object detection, and person keypoint detection. Without bells and whistles, Mask R-CNN outperforms all existing, single-model entries on every task, including the COCO 2016 challenge winners. We hope our simple and effective approach will serve as a solid baseline and help ease future research in instance-level recognition. Code has been made available at: this https URL
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of EC20:  A New Folate-Derived, 99mTc-Based Radiopharmaceutical (2002)

A new peptide derivative of folic acid was designed to efficiently coordinate (99m)Tc. This new chelate, referred to as EC20, was found to bind cultured folate receptor (FR)-positive tumor cells in both a time- and concentration-dependent manner with very high affinity (K(D) approximately 3 nM). Using an in vitro relative affinity assay, EC20 was also found to effectively compete with (3)H-folic acid for cell binding when presented either alone or as a formulated metal chelate. Following intravenous injection into Balb/c mice, (99m)Tc-EC20 was rapidly removed from circulation (plasma t(1/2) approximately 4 min) and excreted into the urine in a nonmetabolized form. Data from gamma scintigraphic and quantitative biodistribution studies performed in M109 tumor-bearing Balb/c mice confirmed that (99m)Tc-EC20 predominantly accumulates in FR-positive tumor and kidney tissues. These results suggest that (99m)Tc-EC20 may be clinically useful as a noninvasive radiodiagnostic imaging agent for the detection of FR-positive human cancers.
Systemic RNAi-mediated Gene Silencing in Nonhuman Primate and Rodent Myeloid Cells (2012)

Leukocytes are central regulators of inflammation and the target cells of therapies for key diseases, including autoimmune, cardiovascular, and malignant disorders. Efficient in vivo delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to immune cells could thus enable novel treatment strategies with broad applicability. In this report, we develop systemic delivery methods of siRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNP) for durable and potent in vivo RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated silencing in myeloid cells. This work provides the first demonstration of siRNA-mediated silencing in myeloid cell types of nonhuman primates (NHPs) and establishes the feasibility of targeting multiple gene targets in rodent myeloid cells. The therapeutic potential of these formulations was demonstrated using siRNA targeting tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) which induced substantial attenuation of disease progression comparable to a potent antibody treatment in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In summary, we demonstrate a broadly applicable and therapeutically relevant platform for silencing disease genes in immune cells.
Laminin, a multidomain protein. The A chain has a unique globular domain and homology with the basement membrane proteoglycan and the laminin B chains. (1988)

Laminin (Mr = 800,000) is a glycoprotein consisting of three chains, A, B1, and B2, and has diverse biological activities. Previously we reported the complete primary structure of the B1 and B2 chains of mouse laminin deduced from cDNA sequence (Sasaki, M., Kohno, K., Kato, S., Martin, G. R., and Yamada, Y. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84, 935-939; Sasaki, M., and Yamada, Y. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 17111-17117). Here we describe the isolation, characterization, and sequence of cDNA clones spanning 9,520 bases which encode the entire A chain of mouse laminin. The nucleotide sequence of the clones contains an open reading frame of 3,084 amino acids including 24 amino acids of a signal peptide. The A chain contains some eight distinct domains including alpha-helices, cysteine-rich repeats and globules. There is considerable sequence and structural homology between the A chain and the B1 and B2 chains. However, the A chain has a unique globular structure containing homologous repeats at the carboxyl terminus and constituting one third of the molecular mass of the chain. Furthermore, the A chain contains three globules and three cysteine-rich domains at the amino terminus, whereas the B1 and B2 chains have only two each of such domains. The A chain shows homology to the basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan core protein and the extracellular domain of the Drosophila neurogenic protein Notch. There is an RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) sequence in one of the cysteine-rich domains of the A chain. This potential cell binding sequence could be active as another adhesion signal in addition to the previously identified cell binding sequence YIGSR (Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg) of the B1 chain.
Chemo-Mechanically Regulated Oscillation of an Enzymatic Reaction (2013)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUECommunicationNEXTChemo-Mechanically Regulated Oscillation of an Enzymatic ReactionXimin He†, Ronn S. Friedlander∥, Lauren D. Zarzar‡, and Joanna Aizenberg*†§‡View Author Information† § ‡ †School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, ‡Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, and §Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology at Harvard University, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States∥ Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Mater. 2013, 25, 4, 521–523Publication Date (Web):February 3, 2013Publication History Received13 October 2012Revised20 January 2013Published online11 February 2013Published inissue 26 February 2013https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm303313ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/cm303313arapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2013 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1672Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Fluid dynamics,Hydrogels,Layers,Light,Luminescence Get e-Alerts
RNAi-Induced Gene Silencing by Local Electroporation in Targeting Brain Region (2004)

Genetic manipulation for "knockout" (KO) is a useful tool for characterizing a target gene. However, its shortcomings that need to be overcome hinder its easy and ready usage in ordinary laboratories. Here we describe a knockdown technique termed the RNA interference (RNAi)-induced gene silencing by local electroporation (RISLE). Small interfering RNA (siRNA) introduction by electroporation into a specific brain region results in a marked reduction in the expression levels of both the mRNA and protein of the target genes such as GluR2 and Cox-1 without affecting the expression levels of proteins other than that of the target protein or causing pathological changes in the target tissues. The effective electrical pulses are relatively weak, consisting of a strong short pulse and a weak long pulse applied in tandem. RISLE can knock down a gene at the target region, for example, the visual cortex and the CA1 region of the hippocampus, without affecting other regions. Moreover, the knockdown models constructed using this technique have physiological functions consistent with previous findings, that is, glutamate release from presynaptic sites, long-term potentiation (LTP), and long-term depression (LTD). These results suggest that this technique is applicable and characterized by spatial flexibility, temporal accessibility, and ease of establishment of knockdown models. The intactness of the tissue subjected to RISLE is due to the weak electrical pulses applied and the limited area of gene silencing. Thus RISLE may be applicable to disease therapy in the future.
Isolation and Identification of Steroidal Saponins in Taiwanese Yam Cultivar (Dioscorea pseudojaponica Yamamoto) (2003)

A new furostanol pentaoligoside and spirostanol tetraoligoside were isolated for the first time from yam tubers (Dioscorea pseudojaponica Yamamoto) from Taiwan, together with four known yam saponins, methyl protodioscin, methyl protogracillin, dioscin, and gracillin. Their structures were characterized as 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-22alpha-methoxyl-(25R)-furost-5-en-3beta,26-diol, 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-O-([alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)])-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and (25R)-spirost-5-en-3beta-ol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-O-([alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)]-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)])-beta-D-glucopyranoside. The structural identification was performed using LC-MS and 1H and 13C NMR. The methanol extract of yam tubers was fractionated by XAD-2 column chromatography using a methanol/water gradient elution system to yield furostanol and spirostanol glycoside fractions. Preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, employing a C18 column and a mobile phase of methanol/water (69:31, v/v), was used to separate each furostanol glycoside, whereas a mobile phase of methanol/water (79:21, v/v) was used to resolve the individual spirostanol glycosides. The conversions from steroid saponins to diosgenin after acid hydrolysis were around 68 and 90% for furostanol and spirostanol glycosides, respectively.
UNIX Guardians: active user intervention in data protection (2003)

The GUARDNIX system is tailored for user participation in the protection of data. The system, an enhanced 4.2 BSD Unix, utilizes a special class of processes called Guardians to change normally passive files into active objects. Multiple processors are used to physically separate normal processes from the main operating system kernel. Data is provided additional protection by using cryptography. The file directory tree is partitioned, with the subtrees attached to Guardians. GUARDNIX reduces the need for roots and does not allow root processes during normal operations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Coordinated leading- and lagging-strand synthesis at the Escherichia coli DNA replication fork. V. Primase action regulates the cycle of Okazaki fragment synthesis. (1992)

Replication forks formed during rolling-circle DNA synthesis supported by a tailed form II DNA substrate in the presence of the primosome, the single-stranded DNA binding protein, and the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme (Pol III HE) that had been reconstituted from the purified subunits, beta, tau, and the gamma.delta complex, at limiting (with respect to nucleotide incorporation) concentrations of the Pol III core (alpha, epsilon, and theta) produced aberrantly small Okazaki fragments, while the synthesis of the leading strand was unperturbed. These small Okazaki fragments were not arrayed in tandem along the lagging-strand DNA template, but were separated by large gaps. Similarly structured synthetic products were not manufactured by replication forks reconstituted with higher, saturating concentrations of the Pol III core. Replication forks producing these small fragments could respond, by modulating the size of the Okazaki fragments produced, to variations in the concentration of NTPs or the primase, conditions that affect the frequency of priming on the lagging strand, but not to variation in the concentration of dNTPs, conditions that affect the frequency of utilization of the primers. Significantly longer Okazaki fragments (greater than 7 kilobases) could be produced in the presence of a limiting amount of Pol III core at low concentrations of the primase. These observations indicated that the production of small Okazaki fragments was not a result of a debilitated lagging-strand Pol III core, but rather a function of the time available for nascent strand synthesis during the cycle of events that are required for the manufacture of an Okazaki fragment and that it was the association of primase with the replication fork that keyed this cycle.
DNA damage activates p53 through a phosphorylation–acetylation cascade (1998)

Activation of p53-mediated transcription is a critical cellular response to DNA damage. p53 stability and site-specific DNA-binding activity and, therefore, transcriptional activity, are modulated by post-translational modifications including phosphorylation and acetylation. Here we show that p53 is acetylated in vitro at separate sites by two different histone acetyltransferases (HATs), the coactivators p300 and PCAF. p300 acetylates Lys-382 in the carboxy-terminal region of p53, whereas PCAF acetylates Lys-320 in the nuclear localization signal. Acetylations at either site enhance sequence-specific DNA binding. Using a polyclonal antisera specific for p53 that is phosphorylated or acetylated at specific residues, we show that Lys-382 of human p53 becomes acetylated and Ser-33 and Ser-37 become phosphorylated in vivo after exposing cells to UV light or ionizing radiation. In vitro, amino-terminal p53 peptides phosphorylated at Ser-33 and/or at Ser-37 differentially inhibited p53 acetylation by each HAT. These results suggest that DNA damage enhances p53 activity as a transcription factor in part through carboxy-terminal acetylation that, in turn, is directed by amino-terminal phosphorylation.
Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Its Receptors: Molecular Genetics, Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutic Potentials (1996)

I. IntroductionTHE calcitonin (CT) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are derived from the CT/CGRP gene, which is localized in chromosome 11. Alternative splicing of the primary RNA transcript leads to the translation of CGRP and CT peptides in a tissue-specific manner. This alternative tissue-specific processing of primary mRNA from the α-CT/CGRP gene in rats generates two distinct peptides, CT and CGRP (1, 2). CGRP is a 37-amino acid neuropeptide expressed predominantly in the nervous system and CT is expressed mainly in the thyroid gland. CGRP receptors, widely distributed in the body, are the most potent endogenous vasodilatory peptides that have been discovered. Derived from the C cells of the thyroid gland, CT is the most potent peptide inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and is involved primarily in protecting the skeleton during periods of "calcium stress" such as growth, pregnancy, and lactation (3).In 1961, Copp and colleagues (4) postulated the existence of the calcium-lowering peptide CT. Its sequence and structure were determined by Neher et al. in 1968 (5). Similar to CGRP and amylin, CT is a single-chain peptide hormone consisting of 32 amino acids. In humans, CT is secreted by the parafollicular cells (C cells) of the thyroid (6, 7), which are of neural crest origin (8). In addition, a minority of CT-producing cells are also in the bronchial Kulchitsky (K) cells in the lungs (9). These K cells have been shown to be the origin of bronchial carcinoid and small cell carcinoma of the lung, both of which secrete CT (10, 11). Therefore, even after total thyroidectomy, the complete absence of CT from the circulation is unlikely, and minute amounts of CT in the circulation may be sufficient to counteract the bone-resorbing effects of other hormones such as PTH (12).
Aberrant Methylation of the Maspin Promoter Is an Early Event in Human Breast Cancer (2004)

The maspin gene functions as a tumor suppressor in human breasts, and its expression is frequently lost during breast cancer progression. In vitro models of human breast cancer indicate that the loss of maspin expression is closely linked to aberrant methylation of the maspin promoter. We conducted a study on 30 archival ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) specimens to determine if aberrant methylation of the maspin promoter occurred in vivo, and whether it occurred early in breast cancer evolution. Healthy tissue obtained from reduction mammoplasty was used as normal control. Results from immunohistochemical analysis indicate that maspin expression is lost in a substantial fraction of DCIS specimens (57%). Bisulfite sequencing of DNA isolated from laser capture-microdissected normal and neoplastic ducts showed that loss of maspin expression was often, but not always, linked to aberrant methylation of the maspin promoter, suggesting that other mechanisms, in addition to aberrant methylation, participate and/or cooperate to silence maspin gene expression. Taken together, these results indicate that aberrant methylation of the maspin promoter is an early event in human breast cancer.
High-level expression of the Neisseria meningitidis lgtA gene in Escherichia coli and characterization of the encoded N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase as a useful catalyst in the synthesis of GlcNAc 1->3Gal and GalNAc 1->3Gal linkages (1999)

We have expressed the Neisseria meningitidis lgtA gene at a high level in Escherichia coli. The encoded beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, referred to as LgtA, which in the bacterium is involved in the synthesis of the lacto-N-neo-tetraose structural element of the bacterial lipooligosaccharide, was obtained in an enzymatically highly active form. This glycosyltransferase appeared to be unusual in that it displays a broad acceptor specificity toward both alpha- and beta-galactosides, whether structurally related to N- or O-protein-, or lipid-linked oligosaccharides. Product analysis by one- and two-dimensional 400 MHz 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy reveals that LgtA catalyzes the introduction of GlcNAc from UDP-GlcNAc in a beta 1-->3-linkage to accepting Gal residues. The enzyme can thus be characterized as a UDP-GlcNAc:Gal alpha/beta-R beta 3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase. Although lactose is a highly preferred acceptor substrate the recombinant enzyme also acts efficiently on monomeric and dimeric N-acetyllactosamine revealing its potential value in the synthesis of polylactosaminoglycan structures in enzyme assisted procedures. Furthermore, LgtA shows a high donor promiscuity toward UDP-GalNAc, but not toward other UDP-sugars, and can catalyze the introduction of GalNAc in beta 1-->3-linkage to alpha- or beta-Gal in the acceptor structures at moderate rates. LgtA therefore shows promise to be a useful catalyst in the preparative synthesis of both GlcNAc beta 1-->3Gal and GalNAc beta 1-->3Gal linkages.