gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systemic Anthrax Lethal Toxin Therapy Produces Regressions of Subcutaneous Human Melanoma Tumors in Athymic Nude Mice (2006)

LeTx is one of the rare targeted agents to produce complete remissions of human melanomas in an animal model and thus warrants further preclinical development.
On the calibration of active binocular and RGBD vision systems for dual-arm robots (2016)

This paper describes a camera and hand-eye calibration methodology for integrating an active binocular robot head within a dual-arm robot. For this purpose, we derive the forward kinematic model of our active robot head and describe our methodology for calibrating and integrating our robot head. This rigid calibration provides a closed-form hand-to-eye solution. We then present an approach for updating dynamically camera external parameters for optimal 3D reconstruction that are the foundation for robotic tasks such as grasping and manipulating rigid and deformable objects. We show from experimental results that our robot head achieves an overall sub millimetre accuracy of less than 0.3 millimetres while recovering the 3D structure of a scene. In addition, we report a comparative study between current RGBD cameras and our active stereo head within two dual-arm robotic testbeds that demonstrates the accuracy and portability of our proposed methodology.
In vivo model of adeno-associated virus vector persistence and rescue (1996)

Gene therapy vectors based on human DNA viruses could be mobilized or rescued from individuals who are subsequently infected with the corresponding wild-type (wt) helper viruses. This phenomenon has been effectively modeled in vitro with both adenovirus (Ad) and adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors but has not previously been studied in vivo. In the current study, we have developed an in vivo model to study the interactions of a recombinant AAV vector (AAV-CFTR) with wt AAV type 2 (AAV2) and a host range mutant Ad (Ad2HR405) for which monkey cells are permissive (D.E.Brough, S.A.Rice, S.Sell, and D.F.Klessig, J. Virol. 55:206-212, 1985). AAV-CFTR was administered to the respiratory epithelium of the nose or lung of rhesus macaques. Primary cells were harvested from the infusion site at time points up to 3 months after vector administration to confirm vector DNA persistence. Vector DNA was present in episomal form and could be rescued in vitro only by addition of wt AAV2 and Ad. In in vivo rescue studies, vector was administered before or after wt-AAV2 and Ad2HR405 infection, and the shedding of AAV-CFTR was examined. Ad2HR405 and wt-AAV2 infections were established in the nose with concomitant administration. wt-AAV2 replication occurred in the lung when virus was administered directly at a high titer to the lower respiratory tract. AAV-CFTR vector rescue was also observed in the latter setting. Although these studies were performed with small numbers of animals within each group, it appears that AAV-CFTR DNA persists in the primate respiratory tract and that this model may be useful for studies of recombinant AAV vector rescue.
Molecular Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of the Authentic Hyaluronan Synthase from Group C Streptococcus equisimilis (1997)

We previously reported the first cloning of a functional glycosaminoglycan synthase, the hyaluronan synthase (HAS) from Group A Streptococcus pyogenes (spHAS) (DeAngelis, P. L., Papaconstantinou, J., and Weigel, P. H. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 19181-19184). Group A spHAS was unrelated to a putative Group C HA synthase reported by others (Lansing, M., Lellig, S., Mausolf, A., Martini, I. , Crescenzi, F., Oregon, M., and Prehm, P. (1993) Biochem. J. 289, 179-184). Here we report the isolation of a bona fide HA synthase gene from a highly encapsulated strain of Group C Streptococcus equisimilis. The encoded protein, designated seHAS, is 417 amino acids long (calculated molecular weight, 47,778; calculated pI, 9.1) and is the smallest member of the HAS family identified thus far. The enzyme migrates anomalously fast in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (approximately 42,000 Da). The seHAS protein shows no similarity (<2% identity) to the previously reported Group C gene, which is not an HA synthase. The seHAS and spHAS protein and coding sequences are 72 and 70% identical, respectively. seHAS is also similar to eukaryotic HAS1 (approximately 31% identical), HAS2 (approximately 28% identical), and HAS3 (28% identical). The deduced protein sequence of seHAS was confirmed by reactivity with a synthetic peptide antibody. Recombinant seHAS expressed in Escherichia coli was recovered in membranes as a major protein (approximately 10% of the total protein) and synthesized very large HA (Mr >7 x 10(6)) in the presence of UDP-GlcNAc and UDP-GlcA. The product contained equimolar amounts of both sugars and was degraded by the specific Streptomyces hyaluronidase. Comparison of the two recombinant streptococcal enzymes in isolated membranes showed that seHAS and spHAS are essentially identical in the steady-state size distribution of HA chains they synthesize, but seHAS has an intrinsic 2-fold faster rate of chain elongation (Vmax) than spHAS. seHAS is the most active HA synthase identified thus far; it polymerizes HA at an average rate of 160 monosaccharides/s. The two bacterial HA synthase genes may have arisen from a common ancient gene shared with the early evolving vertebrates.
Finite-state language processing. Ed. by Emmanuel Roche and Yves Schabes. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997. Pp. xvii, 464. (1999)

From the Publisher:
Emmanuel Roche and Yves Schabes have put together a picture of the state of the art in using finite-state techniques in computational linguistics. The contributing authors comprise an impressive collection -- essentially the originating sources for much of the important recent work in this area.
-- Philip Resnik, Assistant Professor, Department of Linguistics and Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland at College Park Finite-state devices, which include finite-state automata, graphs, and finite-state transducers, are in wide use in many areas of computer science. Recently, there has been a resurgence of the use of finite-state devices in all aspects of computational linguistics, including dictionary encoding, text processing, and speech processing. This book describes the fundamental properties of finite-state devices and illustrates their uses. Many of the contributors pioneered the use of finite-automata for different aspects of natural language processing. The topics, which range from the theoretical to the applied, include finite-state morphology, approximation of phrase-structure grammars, deterministic part-of-speech tagging, application of a finite-state intersection grammar, a finite-state transducer for extracting information from text, and speech recognition using weighted finite automata. The introduction presents the basic theoretical results in finite-state automata and transducers. These results and algorithms are described and illustrated with simple formal language examples as well as natural language examples. 
Contributors: Douglas Appelt, John Bear, David Clemenceau, Maurice Gross, Jerry R. Hobbs, David Israel, Megumi Kameyama, Lauri Karttunen, Kimmo Koskenniemi, Mehryar Mohri, Eric Laporte, Fernando C. N. Pereira, Michael D. Riley, Emmanuel Roche, Yves Schabes, Max D. Silberztein, Mark Stickel, Pasi Tapanainen, Mabry Tyson, Atro Voutilainen, Rebecca N. Wright. 
Language, Speech, and Communication series
Response and Resistance to NF-κB Inhibitors in Mouse Models of Lung Adenocarcinoma (2011)

Using small-molecule compounds that inhibit NF-κB activity, we provide evidence that NF-κB inhibition has therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of lung cancer. Our results also illustrate the value of mouse models in validating new drug targets in vivo and indicate that acquired chemoresistance may later influence bortezomib treatment in lung cancer.
Room-temperature synthesis of ZIF-90 nanocrystals and the derived nano-composite membranes for hydrogen separation (2013)

Nanocrystals of ZIF-90 have been synthesized at room temperature through a novel procedure and incorporated into PBI-based nano-composite membranes for hydrogen purification. The physical and chemical structures of the ZIF-90 nanoparticles have been examined via multiple advanced instrumental analyses including DLS, XRD, FESEM, NMR and FTIR. The nanocrystals show identical morphology, crystallinity and chemical structure but a significantly reduced particle size (around 100 nm) when compared with the ZIF-90 particles in previous studies. The derived ZIF-90–PBI nano-composite membranes exhibit homogeneous particle dispersion and fine particle–polymer adhesion, as well as excellent hydrogen purification performance at various testing conditions. The 45/55 (w/w) ZIF-90–PBI membrane with the highest ZIF-90 volume loading of up to 50.9 vol% possesses the best ideal H2–CO2 separation performance with a moderate H2 permeability of 24.5 Barrer and a high H2–CO2 selectivity of 25.0 in pure gas permeation tests at 35 °C. The membrane also shows promoted gas separation performance during mixed gas tests at 180 °C with an H2 permeability of 226.9 Barrer and an H2–CO2 separation factor of 13.3 that surpasses the latest Robeson upper bound for H2–CO2 separation. This work not only expands the field of nano-composite membrane fabrication, but also provides prospects for interdisciplinary research combining nano-science and chemical engineering for clean energy development.
Visual communication system in an apartment house using fiber optics (1993)

A visual communication system for an apartment house where fiber optics is used is presented. It offers a variety of services such as video mail, camera door phones, and video telephones in the apartment house. This system is mainly composed of three parts: digital loop network and analog video bus, apartment house controller, and apartment outlets. The system design, the call control procedures, and several examples of visual services offered by this system are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Low brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in serum of Huntington's disease patients (2007)

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms and by a progressive degeneration of neurons in basal ganglia and in brain cortex. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a pro-survival factor for striatal neurons. Some evidence implicates a brain BDNF deficiency, related to mutated huntingtin expression, in the selective vulnerability of striatal neurons in HD. We compared BDNF serum levels in 42 patients with HD (range 28-72 years, mean age 51.9 +/- 11.5), and 42 age-matched healthy subjects (range 25-68 years, mean age 48.2 +/- 12.5). We evaluated the potential relationship between BDNF serum levels, CAG repeat number (range 40-54, mean 44.8 +/- 3.4) and duration of illness (range 6-228 months, mean 103.6 +/- 62.1). Serum BDNF levels were significantly lower in patients than in age-matched healthy subjects. Lower BDNF levels were associated with a longer CAG repeat length and a longer duration of illness. Severity of the illness, as assessed by the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) motor and cognitive scores, was negatively related to serum BDNF levels. These results in vivo confirm that the huntingtin mutation causes BDNF production to decline and show that the BDNF deficiency is detectable in HD patients' sera. Further studies on a larger sample size should confirm whether BDNF concentrations in patients' serum could be a useful clinical marker related to the patients' disease phenotype.
Constant propagation with conditional branches (1991)

Constant propagation is a well-known global flow analysis problem. The goal of constant propagation is to discover values that are constant on all possible executions of a program and to propagate these constant values as far foward through the program as possible. Expressions whose operands are all constants can be evaluated at compile time and the results propagated further. Using the algorithms presented in this paper can produce smaller and faster compiled programs. The same algorithms can be used for other kinds of analyses (e.g., type of determination). We present four algorithms in this paper, all conservitive in the sense that all constants may not be found, but each constant found is constant over all possible executions of the program. These algorithms are among the simplest, fastest, and most powerful global constant propagation algorithms known. We also present a new algorithm that performs a form of interprocedural data flow analysis in which aliasing information is gathered in conjunction with constant progagation. Several variants of this algorithm are considered.
Some experiences of techniques for stimulation of the human cerebral motor cortex through the scalp (1987)

Stimulation of the motor cortex transcranially has shown a rough somatotopy of stimulation sites on the scalp corresponding to the homunculus and preferential activation of contralateral hand muscles, as well as very short latencies of signals in the cervical spinal cord. The responses are also facilitated by background activation of the muscles. We are reporting a set of patients studied using electrical and magnetic stimulation transcranially. We observed that the latency of electromyogram activation is much shorter in active than contracting muscles and that the muscle twitch produced by cortical stimulation can exceed the force produced by supramaximal stimulation of the peripheral nerve. Our findings suggest that this may be due to multiple firing of motor neurons. Another observation is that magnetic stimulation is not as subject to a reduction in the response latency with facilitation, and response latencies with magnetic stimulation were 2 ms longer than with electrical stimulation. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Cooperative binding of two antibodies to independent antigens by an Fc‐dependent mechanism (1989)

Binding of a murine N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)-specific IgG3 monoclonal antibody to a solid phase expressing GlcNAc determinants and phosphocholine (PC) determinants is enhanced by IgG3, but not IgG2b, PC-specific monoclonal antibody. The cooperative binding requires an intact Fc region on the GlcNAc-specific monoclonal antibody and is hypothesized to result from Fc-Fc association. Although the in vivo relevance of this phenomenon requires further study, intermolecular cooperativity in binding of antibody to multivalent antigens, such as bacterial cell wall antigens, could represent an adaptive mechanism for antibodies expressing low intrinsic affinities for highly repeated epitopes. Furthermore, the ability of antibodies of distinct specificity to participate in cooperative binding offers, at least in principle, new approaches to optimizing antibody targeting.
Effect of intestinal microbiota on the induction of regulatory CD25+ CD4+ T cells (2008)

When oral tolerance was induced in either specific pathogen-free (SPF) or germ-free (GF) mice, ovalbumin (OVA) feeding before immunization induced oral tolerance successfully in SPF mice. On the other hand, OVA-specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgE titres in OVA-fed GF mice were comparable to those in phosphate-buffered saline-fed GF mice, thus demonstrating that oral tolerance could not be induced in GF mice. The frequencies of CD25(+) CD4(+)/CD4(+) cells in the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) and the absolute number of CD25(+) CD4(+) cells in the Peyer's patches and MLN of naive GF mice were significantly lower than those in naive SPF mice. In an in vitro assay, the CD25(+) CD4(+) cells from the naive SPF mice suppressed more effectively the proliferation of responder cells in a dose-dependent manner than those from the GF mice. In addition, the CD25(+) CD4(+) regulatory T (T(reg)) cells from the naive SPF mice produced higher amounts of interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta than those from the GF mice. When anti-TGF-beta neutralizing antibody, but not anti-IL-10 neutralizing antibody, was added to the in vitro proliferation assay, the suppressive effect of the CD25(+) CD4(+) T(reg) cells from the SPF mice was attenuated to the same level as that of the CD25(+) CD4(+) cells from the GF mice. In conclusion, the TGF-beta-producing CD25(+) CD4(+) T(reg) cells from the MLN of SPF mice played a major role in oral tolerance induction. In addition, as the regulatory function of the CD25(+) CD4(+) cells from the naive GF mice was much lower than that of the CD25(+) CD4(+) T(reg) cells from the SPF mice, indigenous microbiota are thus considered to contribute to the induction and maintenance of CD25(+) CD4(+) T(reg) cells.
Intermedia: A case study of the differences between relational and object-oriented database systems (1987)

This paper compares two approaches to meeting the data handling requirements of Intermedia, a hypermedia system developed at the Institute for Research in Information and Scholarship at Brown University. Intermedia, though written using an object-oriented programming language, relies on a traditional relational database management system for data storage and retrieval. We examine the ramifications of replacing the relational database with an object-oriented database. We begin by describing the important characteristics each database system. We then describe Intermedia and give an overview of its architecture and its data handling requirements. We explain why and how we used a relational database management system and the problems that we encountered with this system. We then present the design of an object-oriented database schema for Intermedia and compare the relational and object-oriented database management system approaches.
Diaquacobalt Tetracyanonickelate Tetrahydrate (1998)

The synthesis and crystal structure of diaquacobalt tetracyanonickelate tetrahydrate are reported. The structure of Co(H2O)2Ni(CN)4.4H2O is made up of alternating metal cyanide sheets and layers of hydrogen-bonded water molecules. The title compound is isostructural with Cd(H2O)2Ni(CN)4·4H2O.
Notch3 and IL-1β exert opposing effects on a vascular smooth muscle cell inflammatory pathway in which NF-κB drives crosstalk (2007)

Atherogenesis begins with the transfer of monocytes from the lumen to the intimal layer of arteries. The paracrine activity acquired by these monocytes shifts vascular smooth muscle cells from a contractile-quiescent to a secretory-proliferative phenotype, allowing them to survive and migrate in the intima. Transformed and relocated, they also start to produce and/or secrete inflammatory enzymes, converting them into inflammatory cells. Activation of the Notch pathway, a crucial determinant of cell fate, regulates some of the new features acquired by these cells as it triggers vascular smooth muscle cells to grow and inhibits their death and migration. Here, we evaluate whether and how the Notch pathway regulates the cell transition towards an inflammatory or de-differentiated state. Activation of the Notch pathway by the notch ligand Delta1, as well as overexpression of the active form of Notch3, prevents this phenomenon [initiated by interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta)], whereas inhibiting the Notch pathway enhances the transition. IL-1beta decreases the expression of Notch3 and Notch target genes. As shown by using an IkappaBalpha-mutated form, the decrease of Notch3 signaling elements occurs subsequent to dissociation of the NF-kappaB complex. These results demonstrate that the Notch3 pathway is attenuated through NF-kappaB activation, allowing vascular smooth muscle cells to switch into an inflammatory state.
The Promoter of the Gene Encoding the C 4 Form of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Directs Mesophyll-Specific Expression in Transgenic C 4 Flaveria spp (1997)

, Ute Schlue, Maria Koczor, Julie A. Chitty, William C. Taylor, Peter Westhoff, The Promoter of the Gene Encoding the C₄ Form of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Directs Mesophyll-Specific Expression in Transgenic C₄ Flaveria spp, The Plant Cell, Vol. 9, No. 4 (Apr., 1997), pp. 479-489
A novel algorithm for HMM word spotting performance evaluation and error analysis (1992)

A hidden Markov model (HMM) wordspotter is described. The emphasis is on the algorithms for HMM scoring and performance evaluation, which offer several advantages over those currently used. These advantages include the ability to: determine both the beginning and ending points of a spotted word, generate a smooth receiver operating characteristic (ROC) in a computationally efficient manner, and compare word spotters on the same task using a nonparametric significance test.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An Input-Output Approach to Clique Identification (1965)

Interpersonal links in sociometric structures are interpreted as inputoutput channels for the transmission of influence. Magnitudes of influence flow generate objective indices of cohesiveness, which serve as the basis for the identification of cliques. This stands in contrast to the factor-analytic rationale of similarity of incoming and outgoing choice patterns. The model departs from the classical sociometric tradition by permitting links to have fractional and/or negative strength, and by taking simultaneous account of direct and indirect linkages. The cohesiveness index is useful for inter-group and diachronic comparisons of structures.
The Immunoglobulins of the Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) Isolation and Characterization of IgG, IgM and IgA in Body Fluids, Eggs and Intraocular Tissues (1977)

The distribution of the immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, and IgA in turkey serum, bile, egg white, egg yolk, intestinal secretions, and some intraocular tissues has been studied. Just as in the chicken and the pigeon, IgG is the most abundant immunoglobulin in the serum and IgA in egg white, intestinal secretions and bile. In addition, IgM was detected in serum and egg white, and IgG in egg yolk, iris, vitreous body, and aqueous humor. The discussion deals with the importance of using purified immunoglobulin fractions and heavy-chain-specific antisera in disease studies in the turkey, specially in the case of infectious diseases which lead to the occurrence of "rheumatoid factors".