gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoinduced Energy and Charge Transfer in P3HT:SWNT Composites (2010)

Using steady-state photoluminescence and transient microwave conductivity (TRMC) spectroscopies, photoinduced energy and charge transfer from poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are reported. Long-lived charge carriers are observed for excitons generated in the polymer due to interfacial electron transfer, while excitation of the SWNTs results in short-lived carriers confined to the nanotubes. The TRMC-measured mobility of electrons injected into the SWNTs exhibits a surprisingly small lower limit of 0.057 cm2/(V s), which we attribute to carrier scattering within the nanotube that inhibits resonance of the microwave electric field with the confined carriers. The observation of charge transfer and the lifetime of the separated carriers suggest that the primary photoinduced carrier generation process does not limit the performance of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices based on P3HT:SWNT composites. With optimization, blends of P3HT with semiconducting SWNTs (s-SWNTs) may exhibit promise as an OPV active layer and could provide good solar photoconversion power efficiencies.
MACULAR HOLES: THE LATEST IN CURRENT MANAGEMENT (2006)

From the Beaumont Eye Institute, Associated Retinal Consultants, Royal Oak, Michigan. Presented at the American Academy of Ophthalmology; New Orleans, Louisiana. Reprint requests: George A. Williams, Beaumont Eye Institute, Associated Retinal Consultants, 3535 W. 13 Mile Road #555, Royal Oak, Michigan 48073.
Inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor growth in the brain. Suppression of endothelial cell turnover by penicillamine and the depletion of copper, an angiogenic cofactor. (1990)

Microvascular proliferation, a hallmark of malignant brain tumors, represents an attractive target of anticancer research, especially because of the quiescent nonproliferative endothelium of the normal brain. Cerebral neoplasms sequester copper, a trace metal that modulates angiogenesis. Using a rabbit brain tumor model, normocupremic animals developed large vascularized VX2 carcinomas. By contrast, small, circumscribed, relatively avascular tumors were found in the brains of rabbits copper-depleted by diet and penicillamine treatment (CDPT). The CDPT rabbits showed a significant decrease in serum copper, copper staining of tumor cell nuclei, microvascular density, the tumor volume, endothelial cell turnover, and an increase in the vascular permeability (breakdown of the blood-brain barrier), as well as peritumoral brain edema. In non-tumor-bearing animals, CDPT did not alter the vascular permeability or the brain water content. CDPT also inhibited the intracerebral growth of the 9L gliosarcoma in F-344 rats, with a similar increase of the peritumoral vascular permeability and the brain water content. CDPT failed to inhibit tumor growth and the vascularization of the VX2 carcinoma in the thigh muscle or the metastases to the lung, findings that may reflect regional differences in the responsiveness of the endothelium, the distribution of copper, or the activity of cuproenzymes. Metabolic and pharmacologic withdrawal of copper suppresses intracerebral tumor angiogenesis; angiosuppression is a novel biologic response modifier for the in situ control of tumor growth in the brain.
Gene Expression and Benefit of Chemotherapy in Women With Node-Negative, Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer (2006)

The RS assay not only quantifies the likelihood of breast cancer recurrence in women with node-negative, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, but also predicts the magnitude of chemotherapy benefit.
Effect of Renal Sympathetic Denervation on Glucose Metabolism in Patients With Resistant Hypertension (2011)

URL: http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov. Unique identifiers: NCT00664638 and NCT00888433.
Liquid growth conditions for abundant chlamydospore formation in Candida dubliniensis (2005)

Staib liquid medium (syn. Guizotia abyssinica creatinine medium) was evaluated for the induction of chlamydospores in the yeast species Candida dubliniensis. During growth in this liquid medium C. dubliniensis produced abundant chlamydospores at the tips of pseudohyphal elements, whereas C. albicans produced only round to oval blastospores. Chlamydospore formation could be induced with the same efficiency by use of a liquid growth medium in which Helianthus annuus (sunflower) seeds, another plant of the family Compositae, were substituted for Guizotia abyssinica plant seeds. Liquid growth culture conditions for rapid and abundant formation of chlamydospores in C. dubliniensis should facilitate their enrichment and their biochemical and genetic analysis.
Hypoxia and Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Act Independently to Increase Extracellular Matrix Production by Placental Fibroblasts (2005)

Villous fibrosis is associated with oxygen deprivation in placental pathology, but the signaling networks and growth factors involved in activating the relevant cellular repair mechanisms are largely unknown. TGF is a powerful enhancer of extracellular matrix (ECM) production and an important immune suppressor that has been linked with fibrosis in several tissues. Here, cell culture methods were used to investigate possible links between hypoxia, elevated TGF beta 1, and altered ECM production in placenta. Term placental fibroblasts were isolated and cultured under hypoxia (3% O(2)) or in the presence of TGF beta 1, and the expression of fibronectin, collagen I, and collagen IV was examined using immunohistochemistry, ELISA of cell monolayers with associated ECM, and real-time RT-PCR. The effect of hypoxia on endogenous production of TGF beta 1-3 was also examined. Both TGF beta 1 and hypoxia increased fibronectin, collagen I, and collagen IV protein and mRNA in placental fibroblasts. However, TGF beta 1-3 production was not increased by culturing the cells under hypoxic conditions for 5 d. Thus, increased ECM expression under hypoxia was not mediated directly by increased TGF beta. We conclude that ECM production can be stimulated independently by hypoxia and TGF beta 1.
Antigenic subunits of Hantaan virus expressed by baculovirus and vaccinia virus recombinants (1990)

Baculovirus and vaccinia virus vectors were used to express the small (S) and medium (M) genome segments of Hantaan virus. Expression of the complete S or M segments yielded proteins electrophoretically indistinguishable from Hantaan virus nucleocapsid protein or envelope glycoproteins (G1 and G2), and expression of portions of the M segment, encoding either G1 or G2 alone, similarly yielded proteins which closely resembled authentic Hantaan virus proteins. The expressed envelope proteins retained all antigenic sites defined by a panel of monoclonal antibodies to Hantaan virus G1 and G2 and elicited antibodies in animals which reacted with authentic viral proteins. A Hantaan virus infectivity challenge model in hamsters was used to assay induction of protective immunity by the recombinant-expressed proteins. Recombinants expressing both G1 and G2 induced higher titer antibody responses than those expressing only G1 or G2 and protected most animals from infection with Hantaan virus. Baculovirus recombinants expressing only nucleocapsid protein also appeared to protect some animals from challenge. Passively transferred neutralizing monoclonal antibodies similarly prevented infection, suggesting that an antibody response alone is sufficient for immunity to Hantaan virus.
The S100 Family Heterodimer, MRP-8/14, Binds with High Affinity to Heparin and Heparan Sulfate Glycosaminoglycans on Endothelial Cells (2002)

The S100 family proteins MRP-8 (S100A8) and MRP-14 (S100A9) form a heterodimer that is abundantly expressed in neutrophils, monocytes, and some secretory epithelia. In inflamed tissues, the MRP-8/14 complex is deposited onto the endothelium of venules associated with extravasating leukocytes. To explore the receptor interactions of MRP-8/14, we use a model system in which the purified MRP-8/14 complex binds to the cell surface of an endothelial cell line, HMEC-1. This interaction is mediated by the MRP-14 subunit and is mirrored by recombinant MRP-14 alone. The cell surface binding of MRP-14 was blocked by heparin, heparan sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate B, and the binding sites were sensitive to heparinase I and trypsin treatment but not to chondroitinase ABC. Furthermore MRP-8/14 and MRP-14 did not bind to a glycosaminoglycan-minus cell line. MRP-14 has a high affinity for heparin (K(d) = 6.1 +/- 3.4 nm), and this interaction mimicked that with the endothelial cells. We therefore conclude that the MRP-8/14 complex binds to endothelial cells via the MRP-14 subunit interacting chiefly with heparan sulfate proteoglycans. CD36 and RAGE, two other putative receptors for MRP-8/14, were not expressed by HMEC-1 cells. This binding activity may explain the immobilization of the MRP-8/14 complex on endothelium that is observed in vivo.
Christological Concepts in the Book of Revelation - Part 3: The Lamb Christology (2011)

of Seventh-day AdventistsAlthough Jesus as the Lamb was already presented in the second article of this series, we must return to this subject and expand on it, to further study the nature of the Lamb, the activities of the Lamb, and the people of the Lamb.In doing so we need to keep in mind that the Lamb is divine as 1 discussed in the second section of the second article in the series.In this final part, we will try to use only those data which directly relate to the Lamb and largely avoid information that can be derived from other descriptions and titles of Jesus in Revelation.It is true that in one way or another the other designations of Jesus are indirectly connected to the Lamb, since they also point to Jesus.However, they will not be our focus.Therefore, the passages dealing with the nature, the ministry, and the people of the Lamb do not reflect a complete Christology of Revelation, but provide a Lamb Christology of the book. The Nature and Character of the LambNo title and image referring to Jesus is used as frequently as is the symbol of the Lamb.In Revelation Jesus is first of all the Lamb.By employing this symbol so often John may have wanted to communicate an important message.E.g., it is worshiped (Rev 5:8-14) and together with God the Father it is the temple 1 and the source of light for the New Jerusalem (Rev 21:22, 23). 5 associated or at least is dominant with arnion in Revelation.He seems to suggest that none of the OT backgrounds fits perfectly with the lamb in the Cf.
Sequential Binding of Agonists to the β2 Adrenoceptor (2003)

The beta2 adrenoreceptor (beta2AR) is a prototypical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activated by catecholamines. Agonist activation of GPCRs leads to sequential interactions with heterotrimeric G proteins, which activate cellular signaling cascades, and with GPCR kinases and arrestins, which attenuate GPCR-mediated signaling. We used fluorescence spectroscopy to monitor catecholamine-induced conformational changes in purified beta2AR. Here we show that upon catecholamine binding, beta2ARs undergo transitions to two kinetically distinguishable conformational states. Using a panel of chemically related catechol derivatives, we identified the specific chemical groups on the agonist responsible for the rapid and slow conformational changes in the receptor. The conformational changes observed in our biophysical assay were correlated with biologic responses in cellular assays. Dopamine, which induces only a rapid conformational change, is efficient at activating Gs but not receptor internalization. In contrast, norepinephrine and epinephrine, which induce both rapid and slow conformational changes, are efficient at activating Gs and receptor internalization. These results support a mechanistic model for GPCR activation where contacts between the receptor and structural determinants of the agonist stabilize a succession of conformational states with distinct cellular functions.
A User Study to Compare Four Uncertainty Visualization Methods for 1D and 2D Datasets (2009)

Many techniques have been proposed to show uncertainty in data visualizations. However, very little is known about their effectiveness in conveying meaningful information. In this paper, we present a user study that evaluates the perception of uncertainty amongst four of the most commonly used techniques for visualizing uncertainty in one-dimensional and two-dimensional data. The techniques evaluated are traditional errorbars, scaled size of glyphs, color-mapping on glyphs, and color-mapping of uncertainty on the data surface. The study uses generated data that was designed to represent the systematic and random uncertainty components. Twenty-seven users performed two types of search tasks and two types of counting tasks on 1D and 2D datasets. The search tasks involved finding data points that were least or most uncertain. The counting tasks involved counting data features or uncertainty features. A 4x4 full-factorial ANOVA indicated a significant interaction between the techniques used and the type of tasks assigned for both datasets indicating that differences in performance between the four techniques depended on the type of task performed. Several one-way ANOVAs were computed to explore the simple main effects. Bonferronni's correction was used to control for the family-wise error rate for alpha-inflation. Although we did not find a consistent order among the four techniques for all the tasks, there are several findings from the study that we think are useful for uncertainty visualization design. We found a significant difference in user performance between searching for locations of high and searching for locations of low uncertainty. Errorbars consistently underperformed throughout the experiment. Scaling the size of glyphs and color-mapping of the surface performed reasonably well. The efficiency of most of these techniques were highly dependent on the tasks performed. We believe that these findings can be used in future uncertainty visualization design. In addition, the framework developed in this user study presents a structured approach to evaluate uncertainty visualization techniques, as well as provides a basis for future research in uncertainty visualization.
B7-H3 Enhances Tumor Immunity In Vivo by Costimulating Rapid Clonal Expansion of Antigen-Specific CD8+ Cytolytic T Cells (2004)

B7-H3 is a B7 family molecule with T cell costimulatory function in vitro. The in vivo role of B7-H3 in the stimulation of tumor immunity is unclear. We report here that expression of B7-H3 by transfection of the mouse P815 tumor line enhances its immunogenicity, leading to the regression of tumors and amplification of a tumor-specific CD8+ CTL response in syngeneic mice. Tumor cells engineered to express B7-H3 elicit a rapid clonal expansion of P1A tumor Ag-specific CD8+ CTL in lymphoid organs in vivo and acquire the ability to directly stimulate T cell growth, division, and development of cytolytic activity in vitro. Our results thus establish a role for B7-H3 in the costimulation of T cell immune responses in vivo.
Purification and characterization of haloalcohol dehalogenase from Arthrobacter sp. strain AD2 (1991)

An enzyme capable of dehalogenating vicinal haloalcohols to their corresponding epoxides was purified from the 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol-utilizing bacterium Arthrobacter sp. strain AD2. The inducible haloalcohol dehalogenase converted 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol, 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol, 1-chloro-2-propanol, and their brominated analogs, 2-bromoethanol, as well as chloroacetone and 1,3-dichloroacetone. The enzyme possessed no activity for epichlorohydrin (3-chloro-1,2-epoxypropane) or 2,3-dichloro-1-propanol. The dehalogenase had a broad pH optimum at about 8.5 and a temperature optimum of 50 degrees C. The enzyme followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics, and the Km values for 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol and 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol were 8.5 and 48 mM, respectively. Chloroacetic acid was a competitive inhibitor, with a Ki of 0.50 mM. A subunit molecular mass of 29 kDa was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. With gel filtration, a molecular mass of 69 kDa was found, indicating that the native protein is a dimer. The amino acid composition and N-terminal amino acid sequence are given.
An Allelic Association Implicates Myeloperoxidase in the Etiology of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (1997)

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) catalyzes a reaction between chloride and hydrogen peroxide to generate hypochlorous acid and other reactive compounds that have been linked to DNA damage. The MPO gene is expressed at high levels in normal myeloid precursors and in acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs) which are clonal derivatives of myeloid precursors that have lost the ability to differentiate into mature blood cells. Two MPO alleles differ at -463 G/A within a cluster of nuclear receptor binding sites in an Alu element. The -463 G creates a stronger SP1 binding site and retinoic acid (RA) response element (RARE) in the allele termed Sp. In this study, we investigate potential links between MPO genotype, MPO expression level, and myeloid leukemia. The SpSp MPO genotype is shown to correlate with increased MPO mRNA levels in primary myeloid leukemia cells. This higher-expressing SpSp genotype is further shown to be overrepresented in acute promyelocytic leukemia-M3 (APL-M3) and AML-M4, suggesting that higher levels of MPO are associated with an increased risk for this subset of leukemias.
The Arabidopsis NPR1/NIM1 Protein Enhances the DNA Binding Activity of a Subgroup of the TGA Family of bZIP Transcription Factors (2000)

The Arabidopsis NPR1 gene is essential in activating systemic, inducible plant defense responses. To gain a better understanding of NPR1 function, we conducted a yeast two-hybrid screening procedure and identified a differential interaction between NPR1 and all known members of the Arabidopsis TGA family of basic leucine zipper transcription factors. In the electrophoretic mobility shift assay, NPR1 substantially increased the binding of TGA2 to its cognate promoter element (as-1) as well as to a positive salicylic acid-inducible element (LS7) and a negative element (LS5) in the promoter of the pathogenesis-related PR-1 gene. Proteins encoded by npr1 mutants interacted poorly with TGA2 and did not substantially increase TGA2 binding to the as-1, LS5, or LS7 elements, thus establishing a link between the loss of disease resistance and the loss of TGA2 interaction and NPR1-enhanced DNA binding. Coupled with observations that the DNA binding activity of TGA factors is deregulated in npr1 plants, the results suggest that NPR1-mediated DNA binding of TGA2 is critical for activation of defense genes.
Expression and functional significance of alternatively spliced CS1 fibronectin in rheumatoid arthritis microvasculature. (1994)

Expression of fibronectin (FN) isoforms containing CS1, a 25-amino acid sequence present within the alternatively spliced IIICS region of FN, has been analyzed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium. Unexpectedly, CS1-containing FN variants were exclusively found on endothelium but not extracellular matrix (ECM) of RA synovium. Lumenal expression of CS1 on RA endothelial cells, as observed by electron microscopy, correlated with inflammation in RA, since normal synovium expressed little CS1 without appreciable decrease in ECM FN. CS1 expression on human endothelial cells was further shown by FN mRNA analyses. In adhesion assays on frozen RA synovial sections, T lymphoblastoid cells expressing functionally activated alpha 4 beta 1 integrin specifically attached to the intravascular surface of RA endothelium. Binding was abrogated by both anti-alpha 4 integrin and CS1 peptides. Our observations suggest direct involvement of CS1-containing FN in recruitment of alpha 4 beta 1-expressing mononuclear leukocytes in synovitis, and provide basis for therapeutic intervention in RA.
Selective decrease of CD26 expression in T cells from HIV-1-infected individuals (1992)

The decrease of CD4+ cells in AIDS patients is widely documented, although the selective loss within different subsets of CD4+ cells and the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon are controversial. In the present report we have analyzed the proliferative response to Ag and mitogen of peripheral blood T lymphocytes from HIV-infected individuals, the phenotype profile of CD26+ and CD26- subset of cells and their infectivity by the HIV. The expression of CD26 Ag, either in CD4+ or CD8+ cells, was clearly diminished in all the patients tested. On the other hand, the expression of CD29 seems not to be affected, nevertheless T cells from these patients were unable to generate a proliferative response against soluble Ag. In 11 out of 13 patients, polymerase chain reaction studies demonstrated that the CD26- subset of CD4+ cells was the main reservoir for HIV-1 in infected individuals and HIV-1 virus preferentially infected in vitro CD4+/CD26- subpopulation. This capacity for preferential infectivity, together with the selective loss of cells expressing CD26 Ag, helps to explain the progressive impairment in the immune system of these patients and sheds new light on our understanding of the AIDS pathophysiology.
F1‐04‐02: Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) Stage 2: Persons with Subjective Cognitive Impairment (SCI) Only Show Significant Declines in GDS Staging System Measures Over a 2‐Year Interval (2016)

In 1982 we published the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) which describes 7 stages from normality to severe Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The GDS describes 3 pre-dementia stages including GDS stage 2, in which there is “subjective decline in cognitive functioning” only (SCI) and GDS stage 3 for which we coined the term “mild cognitive impairment.” In 1983 we published the Brief Cognitive Rating Scale (BCRS), consisting of measures derived from, and optimally concordant with the GDS stages. BCRS axes 1 to 5 describe changes in Concentration/Calculation ability, Recent Memory, Remote Memory, Orientation and Functioning, respectively. We now report changes in these BCRS measures in GDS stage 2/SCI persons over a 2 year mean interval, and corresponding affective changes. Otherwise healthy persons with SCI/GDS stage 2 from a previously published longitudinal study were selected with post baseline follow-up times of 1.5 to 3.0 years. The final cohort comprised 98 subjects. Subjects with significant affective symptomatology indicated by a baseline Hamilton Depression Scale (HDS) score ≥ 16, were excluded. Baseline characteristics included: age, 67.1 ± 8.8 years; educational background, 15.5 ± 2.6 years; Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) scores, 28.9 ± 1.2; and 64.3% were women. Mean follow-up time was 2.1 ± 0.3 years. The mean GDS stage changed significantly at follow-up to 2.16 ± 0.59 (p<0.01). Similarly, total scores on BCRS axes 1 to 5 worsened significantly at follow-up (p<0.001). We now report that two individual BCRS axes, Remote Memory and Functioning, worsened significantly at follow-up (Wilcoxon p values 0.008 and 0.010, respectively). No significant changes were observed in the remaining 3 BCRS axes. Also, interestingly, 2 of the 21 items from the HDS, feelings of guilt and anxiety, improved significantly at follow-up. The BCRS measures in this study have been used as part of a primary outcome assessment in US, EU and worldwide approvals of current AD medications (e.g., rivastigmine and memantine). These same measures collectively, are sensitive to change in persons with subjective decline only, over a 2 year interval. Also, SCI persons appeared to become less “guilt ridden” and anxious over this interval.
Can Clozapine Response Be Predicted? A Naturalistic Pilot Study (1993)

Chestnut Lodge Research Institute Rockville, Maryland 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC. Send reprint requests to Dr. Fenton at Chestnut Lodge Research Institute, 500 West Montgomery Avenue, Rockville, Maryland 20850.