gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Total Peroxy Nitrates (ΣPNs) in the atmosphere: the Thermal Dissociation-Laser Induced Fluorescence (TD-LIF) technique and comparisons to speciated PAN measurements (2010)

Abstract. Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and its chemical analogues are increasingly being quantified in the ambient atmosphere by thermal dissociation (TD) followed by detection of either the peroxyacyl radical or the NO2 product. Here we present details of the technique developed at University of California, Berkeley which detects the sum of all peroxynitrates (ΣPNs) via laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) of the NO2 product. We review the various deployments and compare the Berkeley ΣPNs measurements with the sums of PAN and its homologue species detected individually by other instruments. The observed TD-LIF ΣPNs usually agree to within 10% with the summed individual species, thus arguing against the presence of significant concentrations of unmeasured PAN-type compounds in the atmosphere, as suggested by some photochemical mechanisms. Examples of poorer agreement are attributed to a sampling inlet design that is shown to be inappropriate for high NOx conditions. Interferences to the TD-LIF measurements are described along with strategies to minimize their effects.
Recent Advances in the Development of Polyamine Analogues as Antitumor Agents (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPerspectiveNEXTRecent Advances in the Development of Polyamine Analogues as Antitumor Agents§Robert A. Casero, Jr.‡ and Patrick M. Woster*†View Author Information† Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3132 Applebaum Hall, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202‡ Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Phone: 313-577-1523. Fax: 313-577-2033. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2009, 52, 15, 4551–4573Publication Date (Web):June 17, 2009Publication History Received13 February 2009Published online17 June 2009Published inissue 13 August 2009https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm900187vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm900187vreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4322Altmetric-Citations146LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Amines,Cells,Inhibitors,Organic polymers,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Transferrin gene expression. Regulation of mRNA transcription in chick liver by steroid hormones and iron deficiency. (1980)

scription in vitro in the presence of (CU-~~P)UTP. The 32P transcripts then were hybridized to immobilized recom- binant DNA containing the double-stranded transferrin cDNA sequence. Transcripts from control liver nuclei contained 0.009% transferrin mRNA; iron deficiency and estrogen treatment caused an increase in the rate of transferrin mRNA synthesis of 1.5- and 2-fold, re- spectively. These increases in the transcriptional activ- ity of the transferrin gene were accompanied by in- creases in the cellular level of transferrin mRNA, the rate of transferrin synthesis, and the concentration of serum transferrin. The combined treatment of iron de- ficiency and estrogen resulted in a synergistic response in all parameters of transferrin induction, including the rate of transferrin mRNA synthesis which increased 3.2-fold to 0.029% of total RNA synthesis. Although estrogen stimulation leads to a 40% decrease in liver non-heme iron, the estrogen-mediated induction of transferrin mRNA was not blocked when liver iron was maintained at high levels with injected ferritin. These results suggest that iron deficiency and estrogen inter- act with the liver transferrin gene through separate regulatory mechanisms. The transferrin gene is also expressed in oviduct and we compare and discuss the tissue-specific response of this gene to iron and steroid hormones.
The Neuron-Specific Protein PGP 9.5 Is a Ubiquitin Carboxyl-Terminal Hydrolase (1989)

A complementary DNA (cDNA) for ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L3 was cloned from human B cells. The cDNA encodes a protein of 230 amino acids with a molecular mass of 26.182 daltons. The human protein is very similar to the bovine homolog, with only three amino acids differing in over 100 residues compared. The amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA was 54% identical to that of the neuron-specific protein PGP 9.5. Purification of bovine PGP 9.5 confirmed that it is also a ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase. These results suggest that a family of such related proteins exists and that their expression is tissue-specific.
Fracture Shadowing: A Direct Method for Determination of the Reach and Propagation Pattern of Hydraulic Fractures in Horizontal Wells (2012)

Abstract This paper reports the results of field measurements carried out in four horizontal wells all of which were fractured in the course of this investigation, with a total of 68 fractures. The engineering basis for these measurements was detection of fracture shadowing (created by a combination of stress and pressure shadowing) created by the extending fractures. The results are used to develop a field-based engineering foundation for determination of fracture orientation and extent, spacing between wells, and the optimum number and spacing between fracture stages. Two of the four wells served as observation wells throughout the project while the other two were actively being fractured. Pressure gages were installed in each of the two observation wells. Our findings show that we were able to detect fracture shadows generated by every stage of active fracturing. All the created fractures had a consistent northeast-southwest orientation, many were asymmetrical with respect to the wellbore, their propagation pattern was off-balance, and none of them intersected any of the many other existing fractures within the experiment domain. Some of the fractures had intersected and extended beyond the adjacent cased horizontal holes. The results also provided working approximations of the created fracture lengths. A fortuitous coincidence of events allowed us to detect fractures created during the measurement period from another nearby well more than 1000 ft away. The fact that through fracture shadowing we were able to detect fractures so far away is quite remarkable. Furthermore, the general fracture growth pattern was consistent with the findings from the other four wells. The major advantage of the proposed approach is simplicity of operations, ease of analysis, and the high quality of results.
Predicting chemoresistance in human malignant glioma cells: The role of molecular genetic analyses (1998)

Less than 30% of malignant gliomas respond to adjuvant chemotherapy. Here, we asked whether alterations in the p53 and RB pathways and the expression of six BCL-2 family proteins predicted acute cytotoxicity and clonogenic cell death induced by BCNU, vincristine, cytarabine, teniposide, doxorubicin, camptothecin or beta-lapachone in 12 human malignant glioma cell lines. Neither wild-type p53 status, nor p53 protein accumulation, nor p21 or MDM-2 levels, nor differential expression of BCL-2 family proteins predicted drug sensitivity, except for an association of BAX with higher beta-lapachone sensitivity in acute cytotoxicity assays. p16 protein expression was associated with high doubling time and chemoresistance. We conclude that some important molecular changes, which are involved in the development of gliomas and attributed a role in regulating vulnerability to apoptosis, may not determine the response to chemotherapy in these tumors.
Hybrid optics in dual-waveband infrared systems (1998)

The diffraction-based performance limitations of dual waveband infrared systems which incorporate hybrid refractive-diffractive lenses are examined. These limitations must be understood in order to identify the key trade-offs and optimize the design of the diffractive element. The correction of chromatic aberration is considered and the range of conditions under which hybrid solutions offer an advantage is established. A dual waveband hybrid objective lens for an uncooled staring array camera has been designed, manufactured and evaluated.
Sequential dose-intensive paclitaxel plus ifosfamide and carboplatin plus etoposide with autologous stem cell transplantation for germ cell tumor (GCT) patients (pts) (2005)

4503 Background: Pts with an incomplete response (IR) to initial conventional dose therapy or relapsing primary mediastinal GCT have <10% 3-year survival with conventional-dose salvage regimens.(Cancer 67:1305) This study reports the efficacy and toxicity of dose-dense therapy with paclitaxel (T) /ifosfamide (I) and carboplatin(C)/etoposide (E) with peripheral blood-derived stem cell support (PBSC) in poor prognosis GCT. An earlier study of TICE in 37 pts was reported (JCO 18, 1173); this trial differed in dosing of C by target AUC using the Jellife formula to estimate GFR. Methods: 47 pts for this phase I/II trial had progressive GCT following chemotherapy and unfavorable prognostic features defined as: 1) extragonadal primary site; 2) IR to first-line therapy; or 3) relapse/IR to ifosfamide/cisplatin conventional-dose salvage. Chemotherapy with 2 cycles of TI (T 200 mg/m2 plus I 6 gm/m2 at 14 day intervals followed by leukapheresis), then 3 cycles of CE at 21 day intervals with re-infusion of PBSC. E was 1200 mg/m2 and C was dosed by target AUC using Jeliffe formula for GFR. Target AUC ranged from 21- 28 (mg/ml)-min in this phase I/II trial, and 31 patients were treated at a target AUC of 24 (mg/ml)-min. Results: 47 pts were treated; 23 (49%) achieved a CR to chemotherapy alone and an additional 3 (6%) pts achieved a CR to chemotherapy plus surgical resection of viable GCT. Therefore, 26 (55%) achieved a favorable response. 6 relapsed; and 20 of 26 CR pts (77%) remain continuously disease-free at a median follow-up of 33 months. Continuously disease-free by primary site were 3/9 mediastinal GCT, 15/32 testis GCT, 2/6 other extragonadal GCT. Myelosuppression was the predominant toxicity; there were no treatment-related deaths. Conclusion: TICE chemotherapy achieved a high proportion of durable CR and was relatively well tolerated for a high dose program. Two sequential trials have demonstrated efficacy and safety of TICE; the combined data show a CR achieved in 47 of 84 (56%) patients with metastatic GCT and an unfavorable prognosis to standard conventional dose salvage chemotherapy. Support: Craig D. Tifford Foundation No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Pharmacology of calcitonin gene related peptide release from sensory terminals in the rat trachea (1995)

In an intraluminally perfused rat trachea model, we have observed the following. (i) Capsaicin evoked a concentration-dependent calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) release from the trachea. Its effects were mimicked by the capsaicin analogue resiniferatoxin and blocked by capsazepine, a competitive antagonist of capsaicin. Capsazepine did not attenuate the peptide release evoked by bradykinin, nicotine, or prostaglandin E2. (ii) Elevation of extracellular H+ resulted in a proton concentration dependent increase in CGRP release, but this was not inhibited by capsazepine. (iii) Indomethacin treatment did not alter capsaicin- or proton-induced CGRP release; in contrast bradykinin- and nicotine-induced release were significantly reduced. (iv) Chemical destruction of sympathetic nerve fibers by systemic pretreatment with 6-hydroxydopamine reduced CGRP release evoked by nicotine, but the release produced by capsaicin or bradykinin remained unchanged. These results suggest that the effect of capsaicin on tracheal CGRP release occurs via activation of specific capsaicin receptors on primary sensory C-fibers, while protons act at a different site from that acted upon by capsaicin in the trachea. Cyclooxygenase products are likely involved in the effects of bradykinin and nicotine, but not those of capsaicin and protons. Sympathetic activation may mediate nicotine-, but not bradykinin- or capsaicin-induced CGRP release. These observations indicate that factors present in the extravascular--extracellular melieu of the trachea can evoke the release of CGRP from sensory C-fibers and that there are multiple mechanisms whereby these agents may interact with the afferent terminals.
Familial paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis and its differentiation from related syndromes (1977)

Four generations of a family are described in which 7 of 8 affected members suffered from prolonged dystonic seizures; the eighth member's attacks were those of paroxysmal choreoathetosis. The attacks lasted up to 4 hours, were precipitated by alcohol, emotion, or fatigue, and responded poorly to phenytoin and barbiturates but were controlled by clonazepam. Autopsy on an affected child who died a "crib death" at the age of 2 years disclosed no major abnormality of the brain. This family appears to have the same condition as that described by Mount and Reback in 1940, Forssman in 1961, and Richards and Barnett in 1968, which the last authors termed paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis to distinguish it from the more common movement-induced (kinesigenic) form of the disorder. Analysis of reports of 100 cases of paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis shows that the attacks last less than 5 minutes, are precipitated by sudden movement or startle, and usually respond well to phenytoin or barbiturates. A clinical classification is presented in which the kinesigenic form is divided into a familial group (72% of cases) and a sporadic group (28% of cases) and contrasted with paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis. One family with an intermediate form, in which dystonic choreoathetosis was provoked by continued exertion and lasted for up to 30 minutes, is also reported.
Biochemical Basis of DNA Replication Fidelity (1993)

DNA polymerase is the critical enzyme maintaining genetic integrity during DNA replication. Individual steps in the replication process that contribute to DNA synthesis fidelity include nucleotide insertion, exonucleolytic proofreading, and binding to and elongation of matched and mismatched primer termini. Each process has been investigated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) to resolve 32P-labeled primer molecules extended by polymerase. We describe how integrated gel band intensities can be used to obtain site-specific velocities for addition of correct and incorrect nucleotides, extending mismatched compared to correctly matched primer termini and measuring polymerase dissociation rates and equilibrium DNA binding constants. The analysis is based on steady-state "single completed hit conditions", where polymerases encounter many DNA molecules but where each DNA encounters an enzyme at most once. Specific topics addressed include nucleotide misinsertion, mismatch extension, exonucleolytic proofreading, single nucleotide discrimination using PCR, promiscuous mismatch extension by HIV-1 and AMV reverse transcriptases, sequence context effects on fidelity and polymerase dissociation, structural and kinetic properties of mispairs relating to fidelity, error avoidance mechanisms, kinetics of copying template lesions, the "A-rule" for insertion at abasic template lesions, an interesting exception to the "A-rule", thermodynamic and kinetic determinants of base pair discrimination by polymerases.
Multi-Perspective Tracking for Intelligent Vehicle (2018)

The multi-camera array has drawn attention of researchers in recent years, and has been configured and deployed on intelligent vehicle to capture the panoramic views. Understanding surroundings is crucial for the ego-vehicle. This paper presents a Multi-perspective Tracking (MPT) framework for intelligent vehicle. An iterative search procedure is proposed to associate detections and tracklets in different perspectives. This procedure iteratively assigns determined states and estimates non-determined states for the detections and tracklets. An inherent determined and non-determined graph is utilized to reinforce this procedure. For more reliable associations between perspectives, a Siamese convolutional neural network is employed to learn feature representation. The supervised classification and verification signals are added to train the network. The features in different conventional stages are integrated together as the discriminative appearance model. The experiments are conducted on a MPT data set with five perspectives. The proposed framework is tested in each pair of adjacent perspectives for the ability to associate target objects between perspectives.
The Most Important Right We Think We Have But Don't: Freedom from Religious Discrimination in Education (2006)

Few civil rights are more central than our freedom from religious discrimination. By this I mean not only the free exercise of religion and the freedom from an established church protected under the First Amendment, but also the freedom from discrimination on the basis of religious affiliation protected under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Congress recognized the fundamental importance of this latter right in 1964, when it acted to prohibit discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, or religion in programs and activities that receive federal financial assistance, including both public and private post-secondary institutions. The way the President and Congress acted to overcome our nation’s legacy of religious discrimination, like our tragic legacy of racial and ethnic discrimination, is one of the great stories of America’s Second Reconstruction. We know this, as we know the basic protections that we as Americans have from invidious discrimination. The growing litany of grounds on which we and our children may not be discriminated grows with each generation, but the first and fundamental protections established during the Civil Rights Era were the freedoms from discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, and religion. Under the leadership of President Johnson, Congress acted decisively in 1964 to ensure that federal funds would not be used to support religious discrimination in America’s schools. If only this were true. How could this not be true? Senator Sam Ervin explained at the time that “the discrimination condemned by [Title VI] occurs . . . when an individual is treated unequally or unfairly because of his . . . religion . . . .” The Supreme Court noted in Cannon v. University of Chicago that, “victims of discrimination on the basis of . . . religion . . . have had private Title VI remedies available . . . since 1965 . . . .” Over the years, court after court has recognized that
A high‐throughput shotgun mutagenesis approach to mapping B‐cell antibody epitopes (2014)

Characterizing the binding sites of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) on protein targets, their 'epitopes', can aid in the discovery and development of new therapeutics, diagnostics and vaccines. However, the speed of epitope mapping techniques has not kept pace with the increasingly large numbers of mAbs being isolated. Obtaining detailed epitope maps for functionally relevant antibodies can be challenging, particularly for conformational epitopes on structurally complex proteins. To enable rapid epitope mapping, we developed a high-throughput strategy, shotgun mutagenesis, that enables the identification of both linear and conformational epitopes in a fraction of the time required by conventional approaches. Shotgun mutagenesis epitope mapping is based on large-scale mutagenesis and rapid cellular testing of natively folded proteins. Hundreds of mutant plasmids are individually cloned, arrayed in 384-well microplates, expressed within human cells, and tested for mAb reactivity. Residues are identified as a component of a mAb epitope if their mutation (e.g. to alanine) does not support candidate mAb binding but does support that of other conformational mAbs or allows full protein function. Shotgun mutagenesis is particularly suited for studying structurally complex proteins because targets are expressed in their native form directly within human cells. Shotgun mutagenesis has been used to delineate hundreds of epitopes on a variety of proteins, including G protein-coupled receptor and viral envelope proteins. The epitopes mapped on dengue virus prM/E represent one of the largest collections of epitope information for any viral protein, and results are being used to design better vaccines and drugs.
CARRIER-FREQUENCY HARMONIZATION STRUCTURE FOR ENHANCED AMPLITUDE MODULATION FUNCTION (2013)

Amplitude Modulation was the major method of influencing sound on a radio signal and is still extensively used in the present days. The characteristic amplitude modulation radio receivers’ automatic gain-control to circumvent bass distortion, generally reacts extreme moreover slowly to average out or overwhelm these intercarrier beat modulations as a result, these extremely aggravating modulation effects are mainly distributed on unbroken to the eavesdropper. A GPS-referenced frequency-synchronizer unit could be organized at transmitter sites capable of holding both current and big transmitters as a result basically eradicating carrier beat interference between co-channel amplitude modulation stations. The beat-related properties are a main aspect in the deprivation of dusk and night-time amplitude modulation fringe-area function excellence and the subsequent damage of hearers for effectively all stations. Commonly, an amplitude modulation radio listener for the duration of the sundown and nightfall hours and to a slighter amount in the first day break, obtains undesired sky wave indications from numerous distant locations as well as the desired local signal. The simple oscillator is naturally a predictable high-stability quartz-crystal kind, temperature compensated. To stand long-term drifts, advanced years effects, and loading-circuit variations, the simple oscillator is somewhat adjusted through electronic or mechanical resources to path a high-precision cause of standard frequency. The steady local reference frequency is then used as a timer for a typical numerically applied frequency synthesizer, which is planned to create the speciﬁc receiver carrier frequency expected.