gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A host-network interface architecture for ATM (1991)

article A host-network interface architecture for ATM Share on Author: Bruce S. Davie Bell Communications Research, Morristown, NJ Bell Communications Research, Morristown, NJView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication ReviewVolume 21Issue 4Sept. 1991 pp 307–315https://doi.org/10.1145/115994.116020Online:01 August 1991Publication History 58citation645DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations58Total Downloads645Last 12 Months25Last 6 weeks6 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Nonlinear optical contrast enhancement for optical coherence tomography (2004)

We present a new interferometric technique for measuring Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) and Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) signals. Heterodyne detection is employed to increase the sensitivity in both CARS and SHG signal detection, which can also be extended to different coherent processes. The exploitation of the mentioned optical nonlinearities for molecular contrast enhancement in Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is presented.
Mammalian Vesicle Trafficking Proteins of the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi Apparatus (1996)

Vesicle traffic propagates and maintains distinct subcellular compartments and routes secretory products from their site of synthesis to their final destinations. As a basis for the specificity of vesicular transport reactions, each step in the secretory pathway appears to be handled by a distinct set of evolutionarily conserved proteins. Mammalian proteins responsible for vesicle trafficking at early steps in the secretory pathway are not well understood. In this report, we describe rat sec22 (rsec22) and rat bet1 (rbet1), mammalian sequence homologs of yeast proteins identified as mediators of endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi protein transport. rsec22 and rbet1 were expressed widely in mammalian tissues, as anticipated for proteins involved in fundamental membrane trafficking reactions. Recombinant rsec22 and rbet1 proteins behaved as integral membrane components of 28 and 18 kDa, respectively, consistent with their primary structures, which contain a predicted transmembrane domain at or near the carboxyl terminus. Recombinant rsec22 and rbet1 had distinct subcellular localizations, with rsec22 residing on endoplasmic reticulum membranes and rbet1 found on Golgi membranes. Studies with brefeldin A and nocodazole indicated that rbet1 function might involve interaction with or retention in the intermediate compartment. The distinct localizations of rsec22 and rbet1 may reflect their participation in opposite directions of membrane flow between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.
THOR-707: Using synthetic biology to reprogram the therapeutic activity of interleukin-2 (IL-2). (2019)

2603 Background: Recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2; aldesleukin) is an approved immunotherapy in melanoma and renal cell carcinoma based on complete durable remissions. The anti-neoplastic properties of IL-2 are mediated by interactions with the beta-gamma chain (IL-2Rβγ) on naïve CD8+ T cells, which lead to their expansion and differentiation into T effector and T memory cells directed against the tumor. However, the widespread use of IL-2 in oncology is limited by interaction with the high affinity IL-2 receptor alpha chain (IL-2R⍺) on regulatory CD4+ T cells (Tregs), which leads to immunosuppression, and on innate lymphoid cells in the vascular endothelium, which leads to eosinophilic recruitment and activation, and the sometimes fatal complication of vascular leak syndrome (VLS). A rIL-2 biased toward IL-2βγ affinity with no IL-2R⍺interaction could fill unmet needs in oncology. Methods: Using a synthetic biology platform, we have engineered THOR-707, a rIL-2 that contains a novel amino acid encoded in the IL-2 gene via a new DNA base pair (X-Y). The novel amino acid serves as a hook for site specific pegylation that extends half-life, blocks IL-2R⍺ engagement and binds to the IL-2Rβγ. Results: In non-human primates, THOR-707 can be dosed to maximize the level of cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes without elevation of VLS-inducing eosinophils. In murine tumor models, THOR-707 induced the expansion of peripheral and intratumoral CD8+ T cells without expansion of suppressive Tregs. Single-agent dose-dependent anti-tumor efficacy was observed in two syngeneic mouse models. In combination with a PD-1 inhibitor, survival of tumor-bearing mice was longer than either agent as monotherapy. Efficacy in tumor models was durable, suggesting activation of CD8+ memory T cell populations. Conclusions: THOR-707 is a reprogrammed, site-directed, singly-pegylated rIL-2 that changes the pharmacologic profile of IL-2, potentially providing a favorable risk-benefit profile. First-in-human studies are expected to begin this year evaluating THOR-707 as monotherapy and in combination with a PD-1 inhibitor. Based on preclinical evidence to-date, THOR-707 may potentially address existing and emerging unmet needs across multiple solid tumors.
Analysis of Tyr to Phe and fa/fa leptin receptor mutations in the PC12 cell line. (1999)

Weight regulation through body-fat content and energy homeostasis, is regulated mainly through the actions of leptin. Herein, we analyse the effect of mutations in the mouse leptin receptor using the PC12 pheochromocytoma cell line as a model system. Both the induction of pancreatitis associated protein 1 and metallothionein-II, two leptin regulated genes in PC12, was evaluated. Tyr to Phe mutations in the cytoplasmic tail of the mouse leptin receptor confirmed the critical role of Tyr1138 (a YxxQ motif) and STAT-3 activation for induction of leptin-induced genes in PC12. In addition, the Tyr985Phe mutation showed enhanced responsiveness to leptin, which was even more pronounced in combination with Tyr1077Phe. The short isoform of the leptin receptor showed complete loss of stimulation of both genes. In contrast, a leptin receptor devoid of all Tyr residues in its cytoplasmic tail was still capable of a limited induction of the PAP 1 gene. A mutant mouse leptin receptor containing the fa/fa mutation showed constitutive signalling and impaired responsiveness to leptin. Treatment with the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin alone, in the absence of leptin was sufficient to obtain full induction of both genes.
STUDIES OF PARAINFLUENZA VIRUSES. 3. ANTIBODY RESPONSES OF DIFFERENT ANIMAL SPECIES AFTER IMMUNIZATION. (1965)

Summary Homotypic and heterotypic antibody responses were demonstrated in rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, chickens and monkeys following immunization with DA or other parainfluenza viruses. The extent of heterotypic antibody responses was found to be dependent on the degree of susceptibility of a specific host to the virus used, and the presence or absence of preexisting parainfluenzal antibodies. Heterotypic rises were interpreted as recall reactions or anamnestic responses based upon previous experience with a specific virus in a susceptible host. Cross-protection among DA and other parainfluenza viruses could not be demonstrated in vivo . The distinct antigenic properties of DA virus illustrated the probable existence of a fifth parainfluenza virus type.
Sampling Conductivity Images via MCMC (1997)

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a technique for imaging the conductivity of material inside an object, using current /voltage measurements at its surface. We demonstrate Bayesian inference from EIT data. A prior probability distribution modeling the unknown conductivity distribution is given. A MCMC algorithm is specified which samples the posterior probability for the conductivity given the prior and the EIT data. In order to compute the likelihood of a conductivity distribution it is necessary to solve a second order linear partial differential equation (PDE). This would appear to make the sampling problem computationally intractable. However by using a Markov chain with Metropolis-Hastings dynamics, and treating the conductivity update as a small perturbation, we are able to avoid solving the PDE for those updates which are rejected by the MCMC sampling process. For real applications the likelihood will need to be sensitive to very small changes in the state, so that the po...
Energy and calcium ion dependence of proteolysis during sporulation of Bacillus subtilis cells (1990)

Bacterial cells degrade intracellular proteins at elevated rates during starvation and can selectively degrade proteins by energy-dependent processes. Sporulating bacteria can degrade protein with apparent first-order rate constants of over 0.20 h-1. We have shown, with an optimized [14C]leucine-labeling and chasing procedure, in a chemically defined sporulation medium, that intracellular protein degradation in sporulating cells of Bacillus subtilis 168 (trpC2) is apparently energy dependent. Sodium arsenate, sodium azide, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrozone, and N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, at levels which did not induce appreciable lysis (less than or equal to 10%) over 10-h periods of sporulation, inhibited intracellular proteolysis by 13 to 93%. Exponentially growing cells acquired arsenate resistance. In contrast to earlier reports, we found that chloramphenicol (100 micrograms/ml) strongly inhibited proteolysis (68%) even when added 6 h into the sporulation process. Restricting the calcium ion concentration (less than 2 microM) in the medium had no effect on rates or extent of vegetative growth, strongly inhibited sporulation (98%), and inhibited rates of proteolysis by 60% or more. Inhibitors of energy metabolism, at the same levels which inhibited proteolysis, did not affect the rate or degree of uptake of Ca2+ by cells, which suggested that the Ca2+ and metabolic energy requirements of proteolysis were independent. Restricting the Ca2+ concentration in the medium reduced by threefold the specific activity in cells of the major intracellular serine proteinase after 12 h of sporulation. Finally, cells of a mutant of B. subtilis bearing an insertionally inactivated gene for the Ca2(+)-dependent intracellular proteinase-1 degraded protein in chemically defined sporulation medium at a rate indistinguishable from that of the wild-type cells for periods of 8 h.
The relationship marketing process: communication, interaction, dialogue, value (2004)

The objective of the article is to discuss a framework of central processes in relationship marketing. The framework includes an interaction process as the core, a planned communication process as the marketing communications support through distinct communications media, and a customer value process as the outcome of relationship marketing. If the interaction and planned communication processes are successfully integrated and geared towards customers' value processes, a relationship dialogue may merge.
Cancer Stem Cell Niche: The Place to Be (2011)

Tumors are being increasingly perceived as abnormal organs that, in many respects, recapitulate the outgrowth and differentiation patterns of normal tissues. In line with this idea is the observation that only a small fraction of tumor cells is capable of initiating a new tumor. Because of the features that these cells share with somatic stem cells, they have been termed cancer stem cells (CSC). Normal stem cells reside in a "stem cell niche" that maintains them in a stem-like state. Recent data suggest that CSCs also rely on a similar niche, dubbed the "CSC niche," which controls their self-renewal and differentiation. Moreover, CSCs can be generated by the microenvironment through induction of CSC features in more differentiated tumor cells. In addition to a role in CSC maintenance, the microenvironment is hypothesized to be involved in metastasis by induction of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, leading to dissemination and invasion of tumor cells. The localization of secondary tumors also seems to be orchestrated by the microenvironment, which is suggested to form a premetastatic niche. Thus, the microenvironment seems to be of crucial importance for primary tumor growth as well as metastasis formation. Combined with its role in the protection of CSCs against genotoxic insults, these data strongly put forward the niche as an important target for novel therapies.
Azapeptides (1989)

The synthesis and properties of azapeptides, a biologically relevant class of compounds, are reviewed. 1. Introduction 2. Synthesis 3. Reactions 4. Structure and Properties 5. Biological Action
Abstract 9581: Bendavia, a Novel Mitochondrial-Targeted Cytoprotective Compound Reduces Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Experience in 3 Independent Laboratories (2011)

Bendavia is a mitochondrial-targeting compound proposed to maintain cardiac mitochondrial function and decrease permeability transition pore (PTP) opening during ischemia/reperfusion (IR). Our labs assessed the cardioprotective effects of Bendavia using cellular and large animal models of IR when reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is elevated. Left ventricular guinea pig cardiomyocytes were either untreated or incubated with 1nM Bendavia and exposed to 20 min of cellular anoxia plus 30 min of reoxygenation in a hypoxia chamber. Following reoxygenation 54% of control cells survived to the end of reoxygenation versus 93% of Bendavia-treated cells (p&lt;0.05). Myocytes displayed bursts in ROS production immediately prior to cell death that were prevented by Bendavia. Similarly, Bendavia maintained mitochondrial membrane potential in cells exposed to oxidative challenge, suggesting that scavenging mitochondrial ROS with Bendavia sustained mitochondrial energetics by keeping PTP closed. A second study determined the effect of Bendavia on infarct size in anesthetized sheep (60 min coronary occlusion, 3 hr reperfusion). Bendavia infusions of 0.005, 0.05 and 0.5 mg/kg/hr were administered 30 min after occlusion and reduced mean infarct size by 25%, 16% and 17%, respectively (p≤0.05 versus vehicle). Cyclosporin A reduced infarct size by &lt;10% in this same study (p=NS). In a third study anesthetized rabbits received 30 min of coronary artery occlusion plus 3 hr of reperfusion. Rabbits received placebo or Bendavia at 10 or 20 min after occlusion or immediately before reperfusion. At 3 hr of reperfusion, no reflow was assessed by Thioflavin S injection. For any size of ischemic risk zone, the no reflow zone was significantly smaller in the Bendavia group than control group (p=0.0085). There was an overall 21% reduction in no reflow and 11% reduction in infarct size in the Bendavia group. Cardiac hemodynamics were not influenced by Bendavia or Cyclosporin A in either the sheep or rabbit studies. In 3 separate labs studying IR injury, Bendavia protected cardiomyocytes along with reducing infarct size and limiting no reflow when given after ischemia, but prior to reperfusion, making the compound an attractive candidate for clinical studies in cardiac IR injury.
An Image Clustering and Retrieval Framework Using Feedback-Based Integrated Region Matching (2009)

Most existing object-based image retrieval systems are based on single object matching, with its main limitation being that one individual image region (object) can hardly represent the user's retrieval target especially when more than one object of interest is involved in the retrieval. In this paper, we present a Feedback-based Image Clustering and Retrieval Framework (FIRM) using a novel image clustering algorithm and integrating it with Integrated Region Matching (IRM) and Relevance Feedback (RF). The performance of the system is evaluated on a large image database, demonstrating the effectiveness of our framework in reflecting users' retrieval interests in object-based image retrieval.
Ocean feature models − their use and effectiveness in ocean acoustic forecasting (1997)

Abstract. The aim of this paper is to test the effectiveness of feature models in ocean acoustic forecasting. Feature models are simple mathematical representations of the horizontal and vertical structures of ocean features (such as fronts and eddies), and have been used primarily for assimilating new observations into forecasts and for compressing data. In this paper we describe the results of experiments in which the models have been tested in acoustic terms in eddy and frontal environments in the Iceland Faeroes region. Propagation-loss values were obtained with a 2D parabolic-equation (PE) model, for the observed fields, and compared to PE results from the corresponding feature models and horizontally uniform (range-independent) fields. The feature models were found to represent the smoothed observed propagation-loss field to within an rms error of 5 dB for the eddy and 7 dB for the front, compared to 10–15-dB rms errors obtained with the range-independent field. Some of the errors in the feature-model propagation loss were found to be due to high-amplitude 'oceanographic noise' in the field. The main conclusion is that the feature models represent the main acoustic properties of the ocean but do not show the significant effects of small-scale internal waves and fine-structure. It is recommended that feature models be used in conjunction with stochastic models of the internal waves, to represent the complete environmental variability.
Phase Change Memory development trends (2010)

At the beginning of this decade, in early 2000, few disruptive technologies had been proposed to replace the industry standard Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) technology and to enlarge the Flash application base. A widely accepted statement was that if any technology will succeed, it will materialize in the next decade. As the end of this decade is approaching it can be noted that only one of the proposed technologies is demonstrating the capability to enter the broad NVM market and to be a mainstream memory for the next decade: the Phase Change Memory technology. PCM provides a new set of features interesting for novel applications, combining features of NVM and DRAM and being at the same time a sustaining and a disruptive technology.
Active site structure and antigen binding properties of idiotypically cross-reactive anti-fluorescein monoclonal antibodies. (1990)

This report includes complete VH and V kappa nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of idiotypically cross-reactive monoclonal anti-fluorescein antibodies that differed greater than 10(5)-fold in affinity. High affinity monoclonal antibody 4-4-20 and intermediate affinity antibodies 10-25, 5-14, 9-40, 12-40, and 3-24 utilized greater than or equal to 90% homologous VHIIIC germ-line genes. Extensive D segment length and sequence variability were observed; however, compensatory germ-line JH4 (4-4-20 and 3-24) or JH3 (10-25, 5-14, 9-40, and 12-40) sequence lengths resulted in H chain CDR3 + FR4 to be a constant 18 amino acids. In addition, each antibody and low affinity 3-13 rearranged greater than or equal to 96% homologous V kappa II genes to J kappa 1, except for 10-25 (J kappa 5) and 3-13 (J kappa 4). Resolved crystal structure of complexed fluorescein and 4-4-20 Fab fragments revealed residues HisL27d, TyrL32, ArgL34, SerL91, TrpL96, and TrpH33 acted as hapten contact residues. Antibodies 5-14, 9-40, 12-40, and 3-24 primary structures possessed identical contact residues as 4-4-20 except for the substitution of HisL34 for ArgL34. Thus, ArgL34 was implicated in the increased affinity of monoclonal antibody 4-4-20. Finally, it was difficult to correlate extensive H chain CDR3 residue heterogeneity directly with fluorescein binding and idiotypy.
Suppression of human prostate cancer cell growth by alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists doxazosin and terazosin via induction of apoptosis. (2000)

Recent evidence from our laboratory has demonstrated that alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists doxazosin and terazosin induced apoptosis in prostate epithelial and smooth muscle cells in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH; J. Urol., 159: 1810-1815, 1998; J. Urol., 161: 2002-2007, 1999). In this study, we investigated the biological action of three alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists, doxazosin, terazosin, and tamsulosin, against prostate cancer cell growth. The antigrowth effect of the three alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists was examined in two human prostate cancer cell lines, PC-3 and DU-145, and a prostate smooth muscle cell primary culture, SMC-1, on the basis of: (a) cell viability assay; (b) rate of DNA synthesis; and (c) induction of apoptosis. Our results indicate that treatment of prostate cancer cells with doxazosin or terazosin results in a significant loss of cell viability, via induction of apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, whereas tamsulosin had no effect on prostate cell growth. Neither doxazosin nor terazosin exerted a significant effect on the rate of cell proliferation in prostate cancer cells. Exposure to phenoxybenzamine, an irreversible inhibitor of alpha1-adrenoceptors, does not abrogate the apoptotic effect of doxazosin or terazosin against human prostate cancer or smooth muscle cells. This suggests that the apoptotic activity of doxazosin and terazosin against prostate cells is independent of their capacity to antagonize alpha1-adrenoceptors. Furthermore, an in vivo efficacy trial demonstrated that doxazosin administration (at tolerated pharmacologically relevant doses) in SCID mice bearing PC-3 prostate cancer xenografts resulted in a significant inhibition of tumor growth. These findings demonstrate the ability of doxazosin and terazosin (but not tamsulosin) to suppress prostate cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo by inducing apoptosis without affecting cell proliferation. This evidence provides the rationale for targeting both drugs, already in clinical use and with established adverse-effect profiles, against prostatic tumors for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
Hepatocyte spheroid arrays inside microwells connected with microchannels (2011)

Spheroid culture is a preferable cell culture approach for some cell types, including hepatocytes, as this type of culture often allows maintenance of organ-specific functions. In this study, we describe a spheroid microarray chip (SM chip) that allows stable immobilization of hepatocyte spheroids in microwells and that can be used to evaluate drug metabolism with high efficiency. The SM chip consists of 300-μm-diameter cylindrical wells with chemically modified bottom faces that form a 100-μm-diameter cell adhesion region surrounded by a nonadhesion region. Primary hepatocytes seeded onto this chip spontaneously formed spheroids of uniform diameter on the cell adhesion region in each microwell and these could be used for cytochrome P-450 fluorescence assays. A row of microwells could also be connected to a microchannel for simultaneous detection of different cytochrome P-450 enzyme activities on a single chip. The miniaturized features of this SM chip reduce the numbers of cells and the amounts of reagents required for assays. The detection of four cytochrome P-450 enzyme activities was demonstrated following induction by 3-methylcholantlene, with a sensitivity significantly higher than that in conventional monolayer culture. This microfabricated chip could therefore serve as a novel culture platform for various cell-based assays, including those used in drug screening, basic biological studies, and tissue engineering applications.