gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Carboxyl-terminal Domains of IgA and IgM Direct Isotype-specific Polymerization and Interaction with the Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor (2002)

Mucosal surfaces are protected by polymeric immunoglobulins that are transported across the epithelium by the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR). Only polymeric IgA and IgM containing a small polypeptide called the "joining" (J) chain can bind to the pIgR. J chain-positive IgA consists of dimers, and some larger polymers, whereas only IgM pentamers incorporate the J chain. We made domain swap chimeras between human IgA1 and IgM and found that the COOH-terminal domains of the heavy chains (Calpha3 and Cmu4, respectively) dictated the size of the polymers formed and also which polymers incorporated the J chain. We also showed that chimeric IgM molecules engineered to contain Calpha3 were able to bind the rabbit pIgR. Since the rabbit pIgR normally does not bind IgM, these results suggest that the COOH-terminal domain of the polymeric immunoglobulins is primarily responsible for interaction with the pIgR. Finally, we made a novel chimeric IgA immunoglobulin, containing the terminal domain from IgM. This recombinant molecule formed J chain-containing pentamers that could, like IgA, efficiently form covalent complexes with the human pIgR ectodomain, known as secretory component.
Metadata type system (2014)

Exploratory browsing involves encountering new information during open-ended tasks. Disorientation and digression are problems that arise, as the user repeatedly loses context while clicking hyperlinks. To maintain context, exploratory browsing interfaces must present multiple web pages at once.
Evaluation of Macular Changes After Uncomplicated Phacoemulsification Surgery by Optical Coherence Tomography (2007)

Statistically significant increase in macular thickness was detected at postoperative early periods, after the 1st week after uncomplicated cataract operation. The increase in macular thickness starts from parafoveal regions. Longer follow-up of patients is required for the macular consequences, and different treatment protocols should be studied in a randomized controlled fashion.
Sequence and transcription analysis of the human cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase gene (1987)

DNA sequence analysis has revealed that the gene coding for the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA polymerase is present within the long unique region of the virus genome. Identification is based on extensive amino acid homology between the predicted HCMV open reading frame HFLF2 and the DNA polymerase of herpes simplex virus type 1. We present here a 5280-base-pair DNA sequence containing the HCMV pol gene, along with the analysis of transcripts encoded within this region. Since HCMV pol also shows homology to the predicted Epstein-Barr virus pol, we were able to analyze the extent of homology between the DNA polymerases of three distantly related herpesviruses, HCMV, Epstein-Barr virus, and herpes simplex virus. The comparison shows that these DNA polymerases exhibit considerable amino acid homology and highlights a number of highly conserved regions; two such regions show homology to sequences within the adenovirus type 2 DNA polymerase. The HCMV pol gene is flanked by open reading frames with homology to those of other herpesviruses; upstream, there is a reading frame homologous to the glycoprotein B gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 and Epstein-Barr virus, and downstream there is a reading frame homologous to BFLF2 of Epstein-Barr virus.
Evaluation of the correlation between blood pressure and pulse transit time (2013)

The arterial blood pressure is an essential physiological parameter for health monitoring. Most blood measurement devices determine the systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure through the inflation and the deflation of a cuff. This method is uncomfortable to the user and may cause anxiety which in turns can affect the blood pressure (white coat syndrome). This paper investigates a cuff-less non-intrusive approach to measure arterial blood pressure that is suitable for continuous measurement. The approach is based on measuring the delay between the R-peak of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal and the peaks of the finger photoplethysmograph (PPG) signal. The results of this paper show a high correlation between the blood pressure and the pulse transit time (PTT). Different polynomial regressions are applied for further estimation. The paper uses actual ECG, PPG and blood pressure measurements extracted from the MIMIC database that contains clinical signal data reflecting real measurements. The simulation results verify that the delay (PTT) between the R-peak of the ECG signal and the peaks of the finger PPG signal have a high correlation with arterial blood pressure and can be used as an indicator of the arterial blood pressure.
Chemistry of amidrazones (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleChemistry of amidrazonesDouglas G. Neilson, R. Roger, J. W. M. Heatlie, and L. R. NewlandsCite this: Chem. Rev. 1970, 70, 1, 151–170Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60263a005https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60263a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1701Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Recombinant Forms of Tetanus Toxin Engineered for Examining and Exploiting Neuronal Trafficking Pathways (2001)

Tetanus toxin is a fascinating, multifunctional protein that binds to peripheral neurons, undergoes retrograde transport and trans-synaptic transfer to central inhibitory neurons where it blocks transmitter release, thereby, causing spastic paralysis. As a pre-requisite for exploiting its unique trafficking properties, a novel recombinant single chain was expressed at a high level in Escherichia coli as a soluble, easily purifiable protein. It could be activated with enterokinase to produce a dichain that matched native toxin in terms of proteolytic and neuroinhibitory activities, as well as induction of spastic paralysis in mice. Importantly, nicking was not essential for protease activity. Substitution of Glu(234) by Ala created a protease-deficient atoxic form, which blocked the neuroparalytic action of tetanus toxin in vitro, with equal potency to its heavy chain; but, the mutant proved >30-fold more potent in preventing tetanus in mice. This observation unveils differences between the intoxication processes resulting from retrograde transport of toxin in vivo and its local uptake into peripheral or central nerves in vitro, dispelling a popularly held belief that the heavy chain is the sole determinant for efficient trafficking. Thus, this innocuous mutant may be a useful vehicle, superior to the heavy chain, for drug delivery to central neurons.
New Photosensitizers of the Ruthenium‐Polypyridine Family for the Water Splitting Reaction (1982)

Abstract The photophysical and electron transfer properties of the following Ru(II) complexes have been characterized: Ru(bpy) 3‐ n (biq) 2+ n , Ru(bpy) 2 (Cl 2 ‐bpy) 2+ , Ru(Cl 2 ‐bpy) 2+ 3 , Ru(bpy) 2 (NO 2 ‐bpy) 2+ , Ru(NO 2 ‐bpy) 2+ 3 , Ru(bpy) 2 (opdi) 2+ , Ru(bpy) 2 (phedi) 2+ , where n = 1 to 3, bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine, biq = 2,2′‐biquinoline, and opdi and phedi are o‐quinodiimine ligands. The properties of these and other Ru‐polypyridine type photosensitizers are discussed on the basis of the requirements needed to split water with solar energy in an efficient way. It is shown that the Ru(bpy) 2 (LL) 2+ complexes, where LL is a polypyridine‐type ligand which is easier to reduce than bpy, are expected to be more efficient photosensitizers than Ru(bpy) 2+ 3 .
Spatial distribution of mammalian cells dictated by material surface chemistry (1994)

Anisotropic cell culture surfaces patterned with amino and alkylsilanes can guide cell distribution and provide an approach to study important processes involved in tissue engineering, such as cell attachment and locomotion. By combining photolithographic and silane coupling techniques, glass coverslips were patterned with either n-octadecyldimethylchlorosilane (ODDMS) or dimethyldichlorosilane (DMS), and N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane (EDS). The alkylsilanes, theoretically, have similar methyl and methylene groups exposed at the surface but different structures, with DMS being amorphous and ODDMS ordered. Neuroblastoma cells, osteosarcoma cells, and fibroblasts plated on surfaces patterned with EDS/ODDMS and EDS/DMS specifically localized on the EDS regions, but distributed randomly on ODDMS/DMS patterned surfaces. The preferential assembly of cells onto EDS regions did not depend on the structure of the adjacent alkylsilane regions and was a time-dependent process. Angle dependent x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle measurements indicated that EDS was immobilized on glass as a fractional hydrophilic monolayer, and ODDMS and DMS were bound as patchy amorphous hydrophobic multilayers. Neither surface coverage nor thickness of the overlayer seemed to be as important as surface chemistry, or charge, in guiding mammalian cell distribution. These results are consistent with the concept that mammalian cells attach to and are guided by positively charged surfaces.
Studies on transfer ribonucleic acids and related compounds. 20. A new versatile ribooligonucleotide block with 2'-(o-nitrobenzyl) and 3'-phosphorodianilidate groups suitable for elongation of chains in the 3' and 5' directions (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on transfer ribonucleic acids and related compounds. 20. A new versatile ribooligonucleotide block with 2'-(o-nitrobenzyl) and 3'-phosphorodianilidate groups suitable for elongation of chains in the 3' and 5' directionsE. Ohtsuka, T. Tanaka, S. Tanaka, and M. IkeharaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 14, 4580–4584Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00482a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00482a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views113Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preparation and Characterization of Pure and Mixed Monolayers of Poly(ethylene Glycol) Brushes Chemically Adsorbed to Silica Surfaces (2007)

We prepared pure and mixed monolayers of methoxy-terminated poly(ethylene glycol)s (m-PEG's) chemically attached to silica surfaces by using m-PEG silane coupling agents of three different molecular weights. These films were subsequently characterized in water by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Images of pure m-PEG monolayers showed the formation of polymer brushes on silica. Force curves between two modified surfaces suggested that an increase in the number of oxyethylene (OE) groups from 6 (PEG6 surface) to 43 (PEG43 surface) to 113 (PEG113 surface) decreased the flexibility of the m-PEG chains in the m-PEG brushes. Frictional force measurements also showed that the friction increased in the order PEG6 < PEG43 <PEG113. Because PEG113 had a molecular weight that was greater than the critical molecular weight for entanglement in a PEG melt and displayed the least stretching of its chain, a chain in the PEG113 brush was thought to participate in entanglements or interchain hydrogen bonding. Mixed monolayers of PEG6 and PEG113 were prepared using various fractions of PEG6 and PEG113. Images of mixed PEG6 and PEG113 monolayers showed that the size of the PEG113 islands in the film decreased as the fraction of PEG113 decreased. The force curves between two modified surfaces suggested that the flexibility of the mixed monolayers decreased as the fraction of PEG113 increased. Frictional force measurements also showed that the friction decreased as the fraction of PEG6 in the PEG6-PEG113 mixed film increased. Entanglements were therefore thought to decrease as the fraction of PEG113 in the mixed monolayer decreased.
The KIT and PDGFRA switch-control inhibitor DCC-2618 blocks growth and survival of multiple neoplastic cell types in advanced mastocytosis (2018)

Systemic mastocytosis is a complex disease defined by abnormal growth and accumulation of neoplastic mast cells in various organs. Most patients exhibit a D816V-mutated variant of <i>KIT</i>, which confers resistance against imatinib. Clinical problems in systemic mastocytosis arise from mediator-related symptoms and/or organ destruction caused by malignant expansion of neoplastic mast cells and/or other myeloid cells in various organ systems. DCC-2618 is a spectrum-selective pan KIT and PDGFRA inhibitor which blocks KIT D816V and multiple other kinase targets relevant to systemic mastocytosis. We found that DCC-2618 inhibits the proliferation and survival of various human mast cell lines (HMC-1, ROSA, MCPV-1) as well as primary neoplastic mast cells obtained from patients with advanced systemic mastocytosis (IC<sub>50</sub> <1 μM). Moreover, DCC-2618 decreased growth and survival of primary neoplastic eosinophils obtained from patients with systemic mastocytosis or eosinophilic leukemia, leukemic monocytes obtained from patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia with or without concomitant systemic mastocytosis, and blast cells obtained from patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Furthermore, DCC-2618 was found to suppress the proliferation of endothelial cells, suggesting additional drug effects on systemic mastocytosis-related angiogenesis. Finally, DCC-2618 was found to downregulate IgE-mediated histamine release from basophils and tryptase release from mast cells. Together, DCC-2618 inhibits growth, survival and activation of multiple cell types relevant to advanced systemic mastocytosis. Whether DCC-2618 is effective <i>in vivo</i> in patients with advanced systemic mastocytosis is currently under investigation in clinical trials.
Staphylococcus aureus IsdG and IsdI, Heme-degrading Enzymes with Structural Similarity to Monooxygenases (2004)

Heme-degrading enzymes are involved in human diseases ranging from stroke, cancer, and multiple sclerosis to infectious diseases such as malaria, diphtheria, and meningitis. All mammalian and microbial enzymes identified to date are members of the heme oxygenase superfamily and assume similar monomeric structures with an all alpha-helical fold. Here we describe the crystal structures of IsdG and IsdI, two heme-degrading enzymes from Staphylococcus aureus. The structures of both enzymes resemble the ferredoxin-like fold and form a beta-barrel at the dimer interface. Two large pockets found on the outside of the barrel contain the putative active sites. Sequence homologs of IsdG and IsdI were identified in multiple Gram-positive pathogens. Substitution of conserved IsdG amino acid residues either reduced or abolished heme degradation, suggesting a common catalytic mechanism. This mechanism of IsdG-mediated heme degradation may be similar to that of the structurally related monooxygenases, enzymes involved in the synthesis of antibiotics in Streptomyces. Our results imply the evolutionary adaptation of microbial enzymes to unique environments.
Analysis of RNA associated with P granules in germ cells of C. elegans adults (2001)

ABSTRACT P granules are cytoplasmic structures of unknown function that are associated with germ nuclei in the C. elegans gonad, and are localized exclusively to germ cells, or germ cell precursors, throughout the life cycle. All the known protein components of P granules contain putative RNA- binding motifs, suggesting that RNA is involved in either the structure or function of the granules. However, no specific mRNAs have been identified within P granules in the gonad. We show here that P granules normally contain a low level of RNA, and describe conditions that increase this level. We present evidence that several, diverse mRNAs, including pos-1, mex-1, par-3, skn-1, nos-2 and gld- 1 mRNA, are present at least transiently within P granules. In contrast, actin and tubulin mRNA and rRNA are either not present in P granules, or are present at relatively low levels. We show that pgl-1 and the glh (Vasa-related) gene family, which encode protein components of P granules, do not appear essential for RNA to concentrate in P granules; these proteins may instead function in events that are a prerequisite for RNAs to be transported efficiently from the nuclear surface.
Release of soluble ICAM-5, a neuronal adhesion molecule, in acute encephalitis (2002)

sICAM-5 is cleaved from CNS into CSF during acute encephalitis, and it may mediate leukocyte--neuron interactions. sICAM-5 release from cerebral neurons may actively regulate immune responses and leukocyte adhesion during microbial neuroinvasion in humans during encephalitis.
Aqueous-Like Activity of .alpha.-Chymotrypsin Dissolved in Nearly Anhydrous Organic Solvents (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAqueous-Like Activity of .alpha.-Chymotrypsin Dissolved in Nearly Anhydrous Organic SolventsVikram M. Paradkar and Jonathan S. DordickCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 11, 5009–5010Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00090a065https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00090a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views536Altmetric-Citations138LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Alcohols using Perovskite‐Type Electrocatalysts (1993)

Electrochemical reduction of under ambient conditions to methanol, ethanol, and n‐propanol is reported at perovskite‐type electrocatalysts when incorporated into gas diffusion electrodes. In the absence of copper at the perovskite B lattice site, no activity was found. This investigation resulted in the identification of electrochemical conditions whereby perovskite‐type electrocatalysts could achieve cumulative Faradaic efficiencies for reduction to methanol, ethanol, and n‐propanol up to ≅40% at current densities of 180 mA/cm2.
Comparison of Eight Color and Gray Scales for Displaying Continuous 2D Data (1993)

The use of various dimensions of color to encode continuous data has become commonplace with the advent of sophisticated computing hardware and software. Applications users can choose from a variety of color pallets as well as create their own for viewing digitized data sets. A primary HCI question emerging from this expanded availability of color for data display is how best to map color dimensions to data dimensions for various applications. The current study examined a subset of the perceptual/cognitive processes underlying pattern recognition tasks, whose efficacy could be affected by the nature the color scale used to visualize the data being viewed. Three types of observers' judgments were examined: absolute discrimination of a value; relative judgment of the difference between two values; and a rank order judgment of 4 values. These values were expressed in the color of a specific region in images displayed using eight different color and gray scales. Preference ratings were collected for the color scales. Grey scales were best for rank ordering tasks, while a blue-green-yellow scale proved superior for an absolute independent task. Scale preferences did not necessarily agree with performance. Implications of the findings and future research are discussed.
Modern metabolism as a palimpsest of the RNA world. (1989)

An approach is developed for constructing models of ancient organisms using data from metabolic pathways, genetic organization, chemical structure, and enzymatic reaction mechanisms found in contemporary organisms. This approach is illustrated by a partial reconstruction of a model for the "breakthrough organism," the last organism to use RNA as the sole genetically encoded biological catalyst. As reconstructed here, this organism had a complex metabolism that included dehydrogenations, transmethylations, carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions, and an energy metabolism based on phosphate esters. Furthermore, the breakthrough organism probably used DNA to store genetic information, biosynthesized porphyrins, and used terpenes as its major lipid component. This model differs significantly from prevailing models based primarily on genetic data.
Extracting the shape and roughness of specular lobe objects using four light photometric stereo (1996)

We propose a noncontact method for the measurement of surface shape and surface roughness. The method, which we call "four light photometric stereo", uses four lights, which sequentially illuminate the object under inspection, and a video camera for taking images of the object. The method has successfully been applied to a number of real objects.
Self-assembly of synthetic phytochrome holoprotein in vitro (1989)

The phytochrome holoprotein of plants requires a covalently bound linear tetrapyrrole (bilin) prosthetic group for its photoreceptor function. Here we show that synthetic phytochrome apoprotein prepared by transcription and translation of an Avena phytochrome cDNA construct combines in vitro with phycocyanobilin, an analog of the natural chromophore, to produce a photoactive holoprotein. These results indicate that holoprotein assembly is an "autocatalytic" process.