gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lipid Droplet-associated Proteins Are Involved in the Biosynthesis and Hydrolysis of Triacylglycerol in Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (2010)

Mycobacteria store triacylglycerols (TGs) in the form of intracellular lipid droplets (LDs) during hypoxia-induced nonreplicating persistence. These bacteria are phenotypically drug-resistant and therefore are believed to be the cause for prolonged tuberculosis treatment. LDs are also associated with bacilli in tuberculosis patient sputum and hypervirulent strains. Although proteins bound to LDs are well characterized in eukaryotes, the identities and functions of such proteins have not been described in mycobacteria. Here, we have identified five proteins: Tgs1 (BCG3153c), Tgs2 (BCG3794c), BCG1169c, BCG1489c, and BCG1721, which are exclusively associated with LDs purified from hypoxic nonreplicating Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Disruption of genes tgs1, tgs2, BCG1169c, and BCG1489c in M. bovis BCG revealed that they are indeed involved in TG metabolism. We also characterized BCG1721, an essential bi-functional enzyme capable of promoting buildup and hydrolysis of TGs, depending on the metabolic state. Nonreplicating mycobacteria overexpressing a BCG1721 construct with an inactive lipase domain displayed a phenotype of attenuated TG breakdown and regrowth upon resuscitation. In addition, by heterologous expression in baker's yeast, these mycobacterial proteins also co-localized with LDs and complemented a lipase-deficient yeast strain, indicating that neutral lipid deposition and homeostasis in eukaryotic and prokaryotic microorganisms are functionally related. The demonstrated functional role of BCG1721 to support growth upon resuscitation makes this novel LD-associated factor a potential new target for therapeutic intervention.
Developing the Design Strategies for Innovation of e-Government Websites : An Empirical Investigation (2012)

Korean government is providing a Internet-based government services to people. One of the main concerns of the government for implementing e-government services is to increase the sustainable use of the people. Therefore, management and development of e-government Web site is an important issue. In particular, it is an important to the government policy for reinforcing satisfaction and trust of the usage of e-government services. Thus, the Web site design is an important issue to consider for increasing usage of e-government services. Therefore, studies of e-government Web site design suggested an important implication to spread for continual usage of e-government services. In this study, we investigated relationships among the design factors of e-government Web site, trust, and satisfaction. The results of this study will provide useful suggestions for developing design strategies for continual adoption of e-government services.
Intravenous immunoglobulins neutralize blocking antibodies in Guillain‐Barré syndrome (2002)

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment ameliorates the course of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), but its specific mode of action is unknown. We attempted to delineate the effect of IVIg on neuromuscular blocking antibodies in GBS. A total of seven GBS serum samples were examined for blocking antibodies and the effect of IVIg with a macro-patch-clamp technique in mouse hemidiaphragms. First, serum was tested before and after treatment with IVIg. Second, we investigated with coincubation experiments whether the IVIg was capable of neutralizing neuromuscular blocking antibodies in GBS serum or affinity-purified immunoglobulin G (IgG) fractions. Finally, the mechanism of the neutralizing effect was studied by the coincubation of active blocking GBS IgG with Fab and Fc fragments prepared from IVIg. All GBS sera (two adults and two children) and GBS IgG fractions (three adults) taken before treatment with IVIg blocked evoked quantal release by approximately 90%. Blocking activity was markedly reduced in sera obtained after treatment with IVIg. Coincubation of the pretreatment blocking serum with the posttreatment serum, or with the IVIg preparation used for treatment, reduced the blocking activity of the pretreatment GBS serum. When GBS IgG was coincubated with IVIg, the blocking activity of GBS IgG was diminished dose-dependently. Monovalent and divalent Fab fragments prepared from the IVIg were as effective as whole IVIg, but Fc fragments were ineffective. Therapeutic IVIg is capable of neutralizing neuromuscular blocking antibodies in GBS by a dose-dependent, antibody-mediated mechanism. This may, in part, explain its therapeutic efficacy.
Localization of a kinesin‐like calmodulin‐binding protein in dividing cells of Arabidopsis and tobacco (1997)

The cloning and characterization of a novel kinesin-like protein (kinesin-like calmodulin-binding protein, KCBP) from Arabidopsis and other plants has recently been described. Unlike all other known kinesin-like proteins, KCBP interacts with calmodulin in the presence of micromolar calcium. An antibody specific to KCBP was raised using a calmodulin-binding synthetic peptide that is unique to KCBP. The KCBP antibody detected a single protein of about 140 kDa in Arabidopsis and tobacco, the size predicted from cDNA sequences. In synchronized cell cultures, the amount of KCBP was abundant during M-phase and very low in interphase. To get some insight into the function of this novel motor protein, KCBP in Arabidopsis and tobacco cells was localized by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using affinity-purified anti-KCBP antibody. The KCBP was localized to the preprophase band, the mitotic spindle and the phragmoplast. The association of KCBP with microtubule arrays in dividing cells suggests that this minus-end-directed microtubule motor protein is likely to be involved in the formation of these microtubule arrays and/or functions associated with these structures.
β-Peptide Immunization (2000)

Research on the pathophysiological characteristics of Alzheimer disease (AD) over the past decade has been directed toward the ultimate goal of developing a disease-modifying treatment to control or prevent the disease. A report recently published in Nature 1 describes for the first time a treatment that may both prevent and treat the progression of Alzheimer disease. The treatment ironically involves immunization with the pathological β-amyloid peptide itself to generate an immune response targeted against the amyloid plaques in the brain. These findings have raised a number of scientific and clinical questions that are discussed below.
Control and design of the spherical pointing motor (2002)

A miniature pan-tilt actuator, the spherical pointing motor (SPM) has been built. The SPM is an absolute positioning device, designed to orient a small camera sensor in two degrees-of-rotational-freedom. It is 4 cm*5 cm*6 cm and weighs 160 g. The operating principle of the SPM is to orient a permanent magnet to the magnetic field induced by three orthogonal coils by applying the appropriate ratio of currents to the coils. The open-loop control and design of the SPM are described. Physical characteristics and velocity measurements of the prototype are reported. The SPM is modeled with a simple second order system. Without control, it oscillates substantially when a single impulse is applied. By applying a second impulse without feedback, the oscillation can be reduced by as much as a factor of ten.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Folding-unfolding thermodynamics of a ?-heptapeptide from equilibrium simulations (1999)

The thermodynamics of folding and unfolding of a beta-heptapeptide in methanol solution has been studied at four different temperatures, 298 K, 340 K, 350 K, and 360 K, by molecular dynamics simulation. At each of these temperatures, the 50-ns simulations were sufficient to generate an equilibrium distribution between a relatively small number of conformations (approximately 10(2)), showing that, even above the melting temperature (approximately 340 K), the peptide does not randomly sample conformational space. The free energy of folding and the free energy difference between pairs of conformations have been calculated from their relative populations. The experimentally determined folded conformation at 298 K, a left-handed 3(1)-helix, is at each of the four temperatures the predominant conformation, with its probability and average lifetime decreasing with increasing temperature. The most common intermediates of folding and unfolding are also the same at the four temperatures. Paths and rates of interconversion between different conformations have been determined. It has been found that folding can occur through multiple pathways, not necessarily downhill in free energy, although the final step involves a reduced number of intermediates.
A reconfigurable multiprocessor IC for rapid prototyping of algorithmic-specific high-speed DSP data paths (1992)

A field-programmable multiprocessor integrated circuit, PADDI (programmable arithmetic devices for high-speed digital signal processing), has been designed for the rapid prototyping of high-speed data paths typical to real-time digital signal processing applications. The processor architecture addresses the key requirements of these data paths: (a) fast, concurrently operating, multiple arithmetic units, (b) conflict-free data routing, (c) moderate hardware multiplexing (of the arithmetic units), (d) minimal branch penalty between loop iterations, (e) wide instruction bandwidth, and (f) wide I/O bandwidth. The initial version contains eight processors connected via a dynamically controlled crossbar switch, and has a die size of 8.9*9.5 mm in a 1.2- mu m CMOS technology. With a maximum clock rate of 25 MHz, it can support a computation rate of 200 MIPS and can sustain a data I/O bandwidth of 400 Mbytes/s with a typical power consumption of 0.45 W. An assembler and simulator have been developed to facilitate programming and testing of the chip.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
CRC handbook of the laboratory diagnosis and treatment of infertility (1990)

The Infertility Evaluation. The Endometrial Biopsy. The Semen Analysis. Critical Evaluation of Sperm Morphology Comparison with In Vitro Fertilization. Biochemical Analysis of Seminal Plasma and Spermatozoa. Objective Analysis of Sperm Motility and Kinematics. Methodology of the Optimized Sperm Penetration Assay. Sperm-Cervical Mucus Interaction. Detection of Agglutinating and Immobolizing Antisperm Antibodies. Detection of Antisperm Antibodies Using Immunobeads. Sperm Washing and Concentration Techniques. The Hemi-Zona Assay (HZA): Assessment of Fertilizing Potential by Means of Human Sperm Binding to Human Zona Pellucida. Cryopreservation of Human Semen. Microbiological Examination of the Infertile Couple. Statistical Methods for Serum Hormone Assays. Organization of the In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer Laboratory. Mouse Preembryo Culture as an Evaluation for Human Preembryo Requirements. Oocyte and Embryo Cryopreservation Techniques and Results. The Morphological Assessment of Human Oocytes and Early Concepti. Index.
An update on the role of glutamate in the pathophysiology of depression (2010)

A growing body of evidence indicates that the glutamatergic system is involved in the pathophysiology of depression, and may represent a target for intervention.
Effects of subgingival chlorhexidine irrigation on peri-implant maintenance. (1997)

Patients irrigating with diluted CHX showed a statistically significant reduction (P < 0.05) from their baseline in the MGI, PI, BI, and CI scores at 3 months. In the rinse group both MGI and BI showed statistically significant reduction from their baseline (P < 0.05) at 3 months. The rinse group showed a nonsignificant (P > 0.05) increase from baseline in CI and a nonsignificant decrease in PI. Intergroup comparisons showed that CHX irrigation produced statistically significantly greater reductions than CHX rinsing in the PI, MGI, and SI. The irrigation group also showed a greater reduction in BI and CI than the rinsing group but these differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.12). The results of this study suggest that use of diluted 0.06% CHX when used in a powered irrigator may be a valuable adjunct to oral health in patients with implants.
Vehicle effects on percutaneous absorption: in vivo and in vitro comparisons with human skin (1986)

The percutaneous absorption of benzoic acid, caffeine and testosterone through human skin was measured by using in vivo and in vitro techniques. The compounds were applied to the skin in solution in three vehicles: petrolatum, ethylene glycol gel and water gel. Because benzoic acid was ionized at the neutral pH of the gels, these data were difficult to interpret and are not reported. The stratum corneum/vehicle partition coefficients (Km) and percent saturation of the vehicles with substrate were determined to aid in the interpretation of the absorption results. In the in vitro studies, the permeability constants determined for the compounds in each vehicle correlated with either the Km value or the percent saturation of the vehicle. Caffeine penetrated most readily from a petrolatum vehicle, and the greatest testosterone absorption was from a water gel. Permeation was also expressed in terms of the percentage of the applied dose absorbed. Reasonable agreement was obtained between the in vivo and in vitro values. Although no significant differences occurred between most values compared, there was a trend toward lower penetration in the in vitro system.
Developments in allergen‐specific immunotherapy: from allergen extracts to allergy vaccines bypassing allergen‐specific immunoglobulin E and T cell reactivity (2010)

Allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) is the only specific and disease-modifying approach for the treatment of allergy but several disadvantages have limited its broad applicability. We argue that the majority of the possible disadvantages of SIT such as unwanted effects, poor efficacy and specificity as well as inconvenient application are related to the poor quality of natural allergen extracts, which are the active ingredients of all currently available allergy vaccines. Because of the progress made in the field of molecular allergen characterization, new allergy vaccines based on recombinant allergens, recombinant hypoallergenic allergen derivatives and allergen-derived T cell peptides have entered clinical testing and hold promise to reduce the side-effects and to increase the specificity as well as the efficacy of SIT. Here, we present a refined immunotherapy concept, which is based on the use of peptides derived from allergen surfaces that exhibit reduced, allergen-specific IgE as well as T cell reactivity. These peptides when fused to non-allergenic carriers give rise to allergen-specific protective IgG responses with T cell help from a non-allergenic carrier molecule. We summarize the experimental data demonstrating that such peptide vaccines can bypass allergen-specific IgE as well as T cell activation and may be administered at high doses without IgE- and T cell-mediated side-effects. Should these peptide vaccines prove efficacious and safe in clinical trials, it may become possible to develop convenient, safe and broadly applicable forms of SIT as true alternatives to symptomatic, drug-based allergy treatment.
Evaluation of Ceolus™ microcrystalline cellulose grades for the direct compression of enteric-coated pellets (2011)

The preparation of multiparticulate tablets by direct compression of functionally coated pellets is technologically challenging. The objective was to investigate the influence of different grades of microcrystalline cellulose (Ceolus™ UF-711, PH-102, PH-200 and KG-802) as fillers on the properties of blends and tablets containing enteric pellets. Celphere™ spheres were drug-layered and then functionally coated with Eudragit(®) L 30 D-55/FS 30D dispersion. Tablets loaded with 50% pellets were prepared using pure or binary blends of microcrystalline cellulose fillers. The influence of the filler on the blend flow, segregation tendency, tablet hardness and enteric release properties were studied using a mixture design, and the optimum filler composition was determined. Rapidly disintegrating tablets, which yielded a drug release of less than 10% after 2 hours in acidic medium, could be successfully prepared. The blend composition had a significant effect on the flowability, but less on the tablet hardness which was influenced by the selection of lubricant. Blends containing celluloses with low bulk densities exhibited a reduced tendency to segregate. Pellet distribution uniformity was further improved when using Ceolus™ UF-711 blended with a high-density grade. As a conclusion, multiparticulate tablets containing enteric pellets with preserved delayed-release properties were successfully prepared using Ceolus™ microcrystalline celluloses as tableting excipients. The optimized filler blend for the direct compression of 50% enteric pellets into tablets contained Ceolus™ UF-711 as main component in combination with Ceolus™ PH-200.
SPT3 interacts with TFIID to allow normal transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1992)

Mutations in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene SPT15, which encodes the TATA-binding protein TFIID, have been shown to cause pleiotropic phenotypes and to lead to changes in transcription in vivo. Here, we report the cloning and analysis of one such mutation, spt15-21, which causes a single-amino-acid substitution in a conserved residue of TFIID. Surprisingly, the spt15-21 mutation does not affect the stability of TFIID, its ability to bind to DNA or to support basal transcription in vitro, or the ability of an upstream activator to function in vivo. To study further the spt15-21 defect, extragenic suppressors of this mutation were isolated and analyzed. All of the extragenic suppressors of spt15-21 are mutations in the previously identified SPT3 gene. Suppression of spt15-21 by these spt3 mutations is allele-specific, suggesting that TFIID and SPT3 interact and that spt15-21 impairs this interaction in some way. Consistent with these genetic data, coimmunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate that the TFIID and SPT3 proteins are physically associated in yeast extracts. Taken together, these results suggest that SPT3 is a TFIID-associated protein, required for TFIID to function at particular promoters in vivo.
Synthesis and DNA binding properties of a cisplatin analog containing a tethered dansyl group (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and DNA binding properties of a cisplatin analog containing a tethered dansyl groupJohn F. Hartwig, Pieter M. Pil, and Stephen J. LippardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 21, 8292–8293Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00047a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00047a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views496Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Identification of two functional nuclear localization signals in DNase γ and their roles in its apoptotic DNase activity (2003)

Among DNase I family members, only DNase gamma causes DNA fragmentation during apoptosis. However, the molecular basis for this functional feature of DNase gamma is poorly understood. Here we describe the identification of functional NLSs (nuclear localization signals) in DNase gamma and their roles in its apoptotic function. DNase gamma contains two NLSs: a classical bipartite-type NLS (NLS1) located in the N-terminal half, and a short basic domain (NLS2) at the C-terminus. No potential NLSs are found in the primary structures of other DNase I family DNases. Inactivation of either NLS1 or NLS2 causes reduced DNA ladder-producing activity in DNase gamma. Disruption of NLS2 suppresses ladder formation more effectively than disruption of NLS1. DNase gamma doubly mutated in both NLSs is enzymically active, but no longer catalyses apoptotic DNA fragmentation. Although DNase I fails to produce ladder formation during apoptosis, DNase I fused to NLS2 of DNase gamma through its C-terminus is able to catalyse DNA fragmentation in apoptotic cells. These results indicate that the presence of either NLS1 or NLS2 is necessary for the apoptotic function of DNase gamma, and that the most important domain for this function is NLS2. These findings also explain the lack of apoptotic DNase activity in the other DNase I family DNases.
Molecular characterization of murine humoral immune response to botulinum neurotoxin type A binding domain as assessed by using phage antibody libraries (1997)

To produce antibodies capable of neutralizing botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A), the murine humoral immune response to BoNT/A binding domain (H(C)) was characterized at the molecular level by using phage antibody libraries. Mice were immunized with BoNT/A H(C), the spleens were harvested, and single-chain Fv (scFv) phage antibody libraries were constructed from the immunoglobulin heavy and light chain variable region genes. Phage expressing BoNT/A binding scFv were isolated by selection on immobilized BoNT/A and BoNT/A H(C). Twenty-eight unique BoNT/A H(C) binding scFv were identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and DNA sequencing. Epitope mapping using surface plasmon resonance in a BIAcore revealed that the 28 scFv bound to only 4 nonoverlapping epitopes with equilibrium constants (Kd) ranging from 7.3 x 10(-8) to 1.1 x 10(-9) M. In a mouse hemidiaphragm assay, scFv binding epitopes 1 and 2 significantly prolonged the time to neuroparalysis, 1.5- and 2.7-fold, respectively, compared to toxin control. scFv binding to epitopes 3 and 4 showed no protection against neuroparalysis. A combination of scFv binding epitopes 1 and 2 had an additive effect on time to neuroparalysis, which increased to 3.9-fold compared to the control. The results suggest that there are two "productive" receptor binding sites on H(C) which lead to toxin internalization and toxicity. Blockade of these two epitopes with monoclonal antibodies may provide effective immunoprophylaxis or therapy against BoNT/A intoxication.