gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Case Study: Application of a Viscoelastic Surfactant-Based CO2-Compatible Fracturing Fluid in the Frontier Formation, Big Horn Basin, Wyoming (2007)

Abstract CO2 based fluids are commonly used to fracture stimulate formations with low reservoir pressure as well as formations that are more sensitive to water treatments (high capillary pressure, swelling clays etc). In particular, the Frontier Formation located in Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, has seen a variety of stimulation fluids used over the past years with varying degrees of success. When dealing with water sensitive formations, a common practice has been to use oil-based fluids. However, fluids of this nature can have detrimental effects on gas zones with low reservoir pressure and this might be the reason for erratic well performance of previously treated Frontier completions. It has also been determined that oil-based fluids can alter the reservoir wettability and hence cause formation damage. With this in mind and considering the environmental and economical benefits of using a water-based fracturing fluid, a novel visco-elastic surfactant based, CO2-compatible, high foam quality (&amp;gt;60%) fluid was proposed as the main fracturing fluid. This paper will discuss the first application of this visco-elastic based fluid on wells in Park County, Wyoming. This paper will discuss stimulation with the new fluid and how pin-point pressure measurement enabled the operator to make informed decisions to define fracturing/completion strategy. We also present the additional benefits of incorporating existing dipole sonic tool information to calibrate "in-situ" stress, Young's Modulus and Poisson's ratio. Finally, a production history match is conducted on wells treated with the new fluid.
Tattoolike Polyaniline Microparticle-Doped Gold Nanowire Patches as Highly Durable Wearable Sensors (2015)

Wearable and highly sensitive strain sensors are essential components of electronic skin for future biomonitoring and human machine interfaces. Here we report a low-cost yet efficient strategy to dope polyaniline microparticles into gold nanowire (AuNW) films, leading to 10 times enhancement in conductivity and ∼8 times improvement in sensitivity. Simultaneously, tattoolike wearable sensors could be fabricated simply by a direct "draw-on" strategy with a Chinese penbrush. The stretchability of the sensors could be enhanced from 99.7% to 149.6% by designing curved tattoo with different radius of curvatures. We also demonstrated roller coating method to encapusulate AuNWs sensors, exhibiting excellent water resistibility and durability. Because of improved conductivity of our sensors, they can directly interface with existing wireless circuitry, allowing for fabrication of wireless flexion sensors for a human finger-controlled robotic arm system.
Interferon-α-Induced Dendritic Cells Generated with Human Platelet Lysate Exhibit Elevated Antigen Presenting Ability to Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (2020)

Given the recent advancements of immune checkpoint inhibitors, there is considerable interest in cancer immunotherapy provided through dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccination. Although many studies have been conducted to determine the potency of DC vaccines against cancer, the clinical outcomes are not yet optimal, and further improvement is necessary. In this study, we evaluated the potential ability of human platelet lysate (HPL) to produce interferon-α-induced DCs (IFN-DCs). In the presence of HPL, IFN-DCs (HPL-IFN-DCs) displayed high viability, yield, and purity. Furthermore, HPL-IFN-DCs displayed increased CD14, CD56, and CCR7 expressions compared with IFN-DCs produced without HPL; HPL-IFN-DCs induced an extremely higher number of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) than IFN-DCs, which was evaluated with a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1 (MART-1) peptide. Additionally, the endocytic and proteolytic activities of HPL-IFN-DCs were increased. Cytokine production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was also elevated in HPL-IFN-DCs, which may account for the enhanced CTL, endocytic, and proteolytic activities. Our findings suggest that ex-vivo-generated HPL-IFN-DCs are a novel monocyte-derived type of DC with high endocytic and proteolytic activities, thus highlighting a unique strategy for DC-based immunotherapies.
Successful Full-Term Pregnancy in Familial Mediterranean Fever Complicated with Amyloidosis: Case Report and Review of the Literature (1993)

Pregnancy during familial Mediterranean fever complicated with amyloidosis and severe nephrotic syndrome is rare and may cause several maternal and fetal complications. Asymmetrical intrauterine growth retardation, superimposed preeclampsia, thromboembolic phenomena, resistant anemia and renal failure only partially represent the possible complications. A successful outcome of a full-term pregnancy is presented and the efficiency of colchicine, a high protein diet, acetylsalicylic acid and dipyridamole is discussed.
Interaction of Mannose-binding Protein with Associated Serine Proteases (2000)

Mannose-binding protein (MBP; mannose-binding lectin) forms part of the innate immune system. By binding directly to carbohydrates on the surfaces of potential microbial pathogens, MBP and MBP-associated serine proteases (MASPs) can replace antibodies and complement components C1q, C1r, and C1s of the classical complement pathway. In order to investigate the mechanisms of MASP activation by MBP, the cDNAs of rat MASP-1 and -2 have been isolated, and portions encompassing the N-terminal CUB and epidermal growth factor-like domains have been expressed and purified. Biophysical characterization of the purified proteins indicates that each truncated MASP is a Ca(2+)-independent homodimer in solution, in which the interacting modules include the N-terminal two domains. Binding studies reveal that both MASPs associate independently with rat MBP in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner through interactions involving the N-terminal three domains. The biophysical properties of the truncated MASPs indicate that the interactions with MBP leading to complement activation differ significantly from those between components C1q, C1r, and C1s of the classical pathway. Analysis of MASP binding by rat MBP containing naturally occurring mutations equivalent to those associated with human immunodeficiency indicates that binding to both truncated MASP-1 and MASP-2 proteins is defective in such mutants.
Preclinical characterization of the selective JAK1/2 inhibitor INCB018424: therapeutic implications for the treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms (2010)

Constitutive JAK2 activation in hematopoietic cells by the JAK2V617F mutation recapitulates myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) phenotypes in mice, establishing JAK2 inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy. Although most polycythemia vera patients carry the JAK2V617F mutation, half of those with essential thrombocythemia or primary myelofibrosis do not, suggesting alternative mechanisms for constitutive JAK-STAT signaling in MPNs. Most patients with primary myelofibrosis have elevated levels of JAK-dependent proinflammatory cytokines (eg, interleukin-6) consistent with our observation of JAK1 hyperactivation. Accordingly, we evaluated the effectiveness of selective JAK1/2 inhibition in experimental models relevant to MPNs and report on the effects of INCB018424, the first potent, selective, oral JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor to enter the clinic. INCB018424 inhibited interleukin-6 signaling (50% inhibitory concentration [IC(50)] = 281nM), and proliferation of JAK2V617F(+) Ba/F3 cells (IC(50) = 127nM). In primary cultures, INCB018424 preferentially suppressed erythroid progenitor colony formation from JAK2V617F(+) polycythemia vera patients (IC(50) = 67nM) versus healthy donors (IC(50) > 400nM). In a mouse model of JAK2V617F(+) MPN, oral INCB018424 markedly reduced splenomegaly and circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines, and preferentially eliminated neoplastic cells, resulting in significantly prolonged survival without myelosuppressive or immunosuppressive effects. Preliminary clinical results support these preclinical data and establish INCB018424 as a promising oral agent for the treatment of MPNs.
Diversity comparison of spreading transforms for multicarrier spread spectrum transmission (2003)

Multicarrier spread spectrum transmission methods based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing employ a linear transform to spread energy of transmitted symbols over statistically independent Rayleigh fading subcarriers, in order to enable a diversity gain at the receiver. We jointly treat the mapping from bits into transmit symbols and the spreading transform as a code in Euclidean space. We describe criteria to identify good and bad spreading transforms, in terms of the asymptotic bit-error probability (BEP) at high signal-to-noise ratio. Upper and lower bounds on the BEP are derived. It is shown that the BEP performance of the commonly used Hadamard transform is asymptotically bad. Alternative orthogonal transforms with better asymptotic performance are proposed. Simulation results are given for the example of 2-phase-shift keying, block length 8.
Acute and chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. (1993)

The development of secondary pulmonary hypertension (PH) as a result of pulmonary disease, both in adults and children, considerably worsens prognosis. Chronic hypoxia appears to be the cause, as long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) reverses or at least impedes the progressive development of PH. There is now clear evidence that acute hypoxia causes smooth muscle contraction in pulmonary arteries through a direct effect on intracellular calcium levels. Subsequent relaxation depends upon activation of ion transport mechanisms which can be modified by circulating hormones such as the naturally occurring ouabain. Sustained hypoxia can cause adaptation of pulmonary endothelium. One change is a reduction in nitric oxide (NO) production, possibly through reduced activity of the formative enzyme nitric oxide synthase. Basal production of NO appears important in many species including man in determining the low pulmonary vascular resistance. Impaired endothelial NO production as a result of sustained hypoxia may well enhance the development of secondary PH. Much attention is now focused on the regulation of nitric oxide synthase, both the constitutive form in endothelium as well as the inducible form of inflammatory cells. It is possible that either gene transcription or translation are modified when endothelial cells are exposed to chronic hypoxia. This allows the opportunity for therapeutic intervention. More needs to be learnt about the cellular and molecular adaptation to hypoxia in man but novel approaches to treatment may soon arrive for patients with chronic obstructive lung disease and secondary pulmonary hypertension.
Effects of a Calcimimetic Compound and Naturally Activating Mutations on the Human Ca2+ Receptor and on Ca2+ Receptor/Metabotropic Glutamate Chimeric Receptors (2000)

Naturally occurring mutations identified in subjects with autosomal dominant hypocalcemia (ADH) and the calcimimetic compound, R-568, have both been reported to increase Ca2+ sensitivity of the Ca2+ receptor (CaR). To gain insight into their mechanism of action, we studied interactions between four different ADH mutations located in the amino-terminal extracellular domain (ECD) and R-568. We found that R-568 increased the sensitivity of three of the ADH mutant receptors, but the Leu125Pro mutant appeared to be maximally left-shifted in that neither R-568 addition nor combining other ADH mutations with Leu125Pro gave increases in sensitivity comparable to those seen with the three other ADH mutations studied. We also made use of truncation and deletion mutants of the CaR and CaR/metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1 (mGluR1) chimeras to study both the site of action of R-568 and the effect of the Leu125Pro activating mutation. R-568 was effective in receptor constructs containing the seven transmembrane domain (7TM) of the CaR, but not in those containing the mGluR1 7TM. R-568, moreover, imparted Ca2+ responsiveness to CaR constructs lacking all or part of the CaR ECD. The Leu125Pro mutation in contrast conferred no or minimal increase in Ca2+ responsiveness to CaR constructs lacking part of the CaR ECD but showed a striking increase in basal activity in the context of chimeras containing an mGluR1 7TM. Our results localize the site of action of NPS-568 specifically to the CaR 7TM. Our results with the Leu125Pro mutant, furthermore, suggest that the mGluR1 7TM domain may be more permissive for activation than the 7TM domain of the CaR.
Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics of Natural Volatile Terpenes in Animals and Humans (2000)

Herbal medicinal products containing natural volatiles are used in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, pain, colds and bronchitis. Many pharmacological studies report a wide variety of in vitro effects, with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities investigated most frequently. In comparison, relatively few studies on the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics have been carried out. Thus, the relevance of the in vitro activity to the therapeutic effects found in individual studies or documented in textbooks of phytotherapy is still not established. Further studies with essential oils and their single compounds providing supporting evidence of efficacy and demonstrating systemic availability are necessary. Such data could also be important in the context of safety.
Carfilzomib alters the HLA-presented peptidome of myeloma cells and impairs presentation of peptides with aromatic C-termini (2016)

Recent studies suggest that multiple myeloma is an immunogenic disease, which might be effectively targeted by antigen-specific T-cell immunotherapy. As standard of care in myeloma includes proteasome inhibitor therapy, it is of great importance to characterize the effects of this treatment on HLA-restricted antigen presentation and implement only robustly presented targets for immunotherapeutic intervention. Here, we present a study that longitudinally and semi-quantitatively maps the effects of the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib on HLA-restricted antigen presentation. The relative presentation levels of 4780 different HLA ligands were quantified in an in vitro model employing carfilzomib treatment of MM.1S and U266 myeloma cells, which revealed significant modulation of a substantial fraction of the HLA-presented peptidome. Strikingly, we detected selective down-modulation of HLA ligands with aromatic C-terminal anchor amino acids. This particularly manifested as a marked reduction in the presentation of HLA ligands through the HLA allotypes A*23:01 and A*24:02 on MM.1S cells. These findings implicate that carfilzomib mediates a direct, peptide motif-specific inhibitory effect on HLA ligand processing and presentation. As a substantial proportion of HLA allotypes present peptides with aromatic C-termini, our results may have broad implications for the implementation of antigen-specific treatment approaches in patients undergoing carfilzomib treatment.
Deubiquitinating Enzyme USP9X Suppresses Tumor Growth via LATS Kinase and Core Components of the Hippo Pathway (2017)

The core LATS kinases of the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway phosphorylate and inhibit the downstream transcriptional co-activators YAP and TAZ, which are implicated in various cancers. Recent studies have identified various E3 ubiquitin ligases that negatively regulate the Hippo pathway via ubiquitination, yet few deubiquitinating enzymes (DUB) have been implicated. In this study, we report the DUB USP9X is an important regulator of the core kinases of this pathway. USP9X interacted strongly with LATS kinase and to a lesser extent with WW45, KIBRA, and Angiomotin, and LATS co-migrated exclusively with USP9X during gel filtration chromatography analysis. Knockdown of USP9X significantly downregulated and destabilized LATS and resulted in enhanced nuclear translocation of YAP and TAZ, accompanied with activation of their target genes. In the absence of USP9X, cells exhibited an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition phenotype, acquired anchorage-independent growth in soft agar, and led to enlarged, disorganized, three-dimensional acini. YAP/TAZ target gene activation in response to USP9X knockdown was suppressed by knockdown of YAP, TAZ, and TEAD2. Deletion of USP9X in mouse embryonic fibroblasts resulted in significant downregulation of LATS. Furthermore, USP9X protein expression correlated positively with LATS but negatively with YAP/TAZ in pancreatic cancer tissues as well as pancreatic and breast cancer cell lines. Overall, these results strongly indicate that USP9X potentiates LATS kinase to suppress tumor growth. <i>Cancer Res; 77(18); 4921-33. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Electrooptic sensor for near-field measurement (1999)

This paper presents a novel electric field measurement system utilizing optical technology, which has been developed, tested, and calibrated for the near-field measurement in the frequency range up to 1.8 GHz. The measuring probe is passive, all-dielectric, electromagnetic interference (EMI)-immune, and provides the information on the field strength, frequency, and phase. The achieved measurement resolution and minimum mode measurable fields were 10 V/m, with a spatial resolution of 10 mm. A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm for solving Maxwell's equation was used to assess the field perturbation by the presence of the measuring probe and the suitability for the near-field measurement.
Drishti: an integrated navigation system for visually impaired and disabled (2002)

Drishti is a wireless pedestrian navigation system. It integrates several technologies including wearable computers, voice recognition and synthesis, wireless networks, Geographic Information System (GIS) and Global positioning system (GPS). Drishti augments contextual information to the visually impaired and computes optimized routes based on user preference, temporal constraints (e.g. traffic congestion), and dynamic obstacles (e.g. ongoing ground work, road blockade for special events). The system constantly guides the blind user to navigate based on static and dynamic data. Environmental conditions and landmark information queried from a spatial database along their route are provided on the fly through detailed explanatory voice cues. The system also provides capability for the user to add intelligence, as perceived by, the blind user, to the central server hosting the spatial database. Our system is supplementary to other navigational aids such as canes, blind guide dogs and wheel chairs.
Patterns of oligodendroglia pathology in multiple sclerosis (1994)

Patterns of inflammation, demyelination and oligodendrocyte pathology were studied in acute multiple sclerosis and during early and late exacerbations of chronic multiple sclerosis. Cells within lesions were identified by immunocytochemistry with markers for T lymphocytes, macrophages, oligodendro-cytes and astrocytes. In addition, in situ hybridization for proteolipid protein mRNA was used to identify myelinating and myelin supporting oligodendrocytes. Degenerating cells in the lesions were detected by DNA fragmentation in cell nuclei. The inflammatory reaction in all three types of multiple sclerosis lesions was shown to be dominated by T lymphocytes and macrophages. In late chronic multiple sclerosis lesions, a significant increase in the number of immunoglobulin producing plasma cells was found in infiltrates as compared with acute and early multiple sclerosis lesions. In all three types of multiple sclerosis, confluent plaques of demyelination were found to be present. In acute multiple sclerosis, demyelination was found to be associated with extensive destruction of other tissue elements, including oligodendrocytes, astro-Acytes and axons, but even in these destructive lesions a considerable number of oligodendrocytes was preserved and at disposal therefore, for rapid remyelination. During early exacerbations of chronic multiple sclerosis, selective demyelination was associated with almost complete preservation of oligodendrocytes in the majority of cases. Correspondingly, a high number of remyelinating lesions was present at that stage of disease. In lesions developing late after onset of multiple sclerosis, demyelination generally accompanied extensive destruction and loss of oligodendrocytes. In these lesions, remyelination was sparse and restricted to lesional borders. The observed patterns of cell death suggest that in some cases oligodendrocytes, in others myelin sheaths are the primary target of the destructive process. Our data indicate that the type and amount of inflammation, de- and remyelination, and of tissue damage vary between different forms of multiple sclerosis and between different stages of the disease, possibly reflecting different pathogenic mechanisms in a disease spectrum.
Data Analysis and Regression: A Second Course in Statistics (1977)

The assumption is made in this volume devoted to data analysis and regression that the student has had a 1st course in statistics. Attitudes and approaches are more important than the techniques this book can teach. Readers can learn to identify at least the following attitudes understanding and approaches: an approach to the formulation of statistical and data analytical problems such that for example the students shortcut to inference can be properly understood and the role of vague concepts becomes clear; the role of indications (of pointers to behavior not necessarily on prechosen scales) in contrast to conclusions or decisions about prechosen quantities or alternatives; the importance of displays and the value of graphs in forcing the unexpected upon the reader; the importance of re-expression; the need to seek out the real uncertainty as a nontrivial task; the importance of iterated calculation; how the ideas of robustness and resistance can change both what one does and what one thinks; what regression is all about; what regression coefficient can and cannot do; that the behavior of ones data can often be used to guide its analysis; the importance of looking at and drawing information from residuals; and the idea that data analysis can profit from repeated starts and fresh approaches and that there is not just a single analysis for a substantial problem. The 16 chapters of this book include the following: some practical philosophy for data analysis; a background for simple linear regression; the nature and importance of re-expression; a method of direct assessment; the direct and flexible approach to 2 way tables; a review of resistant/robust techniques in the simpler applications; standardization; regression and regression coefficients; a mathematical approach to understanding regression; guided regression and examining regression residuals. Among the special features of this volume are the following: an introduction to stem and leaf displays; use of running medians for smoothing; the ladder of re-expression for straightening curves; methods of re-expression for analysis; special tables to make re-expression easy in hand calculations; robust and resistant measures of location and scale; and regression with errors of measurement.
T cell receptor-Vβ repertoires in lung and blood CD4+ and CD8+T cells of pulmonary sarcoidosis patients (2014)

The identified T cell expansions in present study indicate specific antigen recognition in the lungs of sarcoidosis patients.