gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Tripyrroledimethine-derived ("texaphyrin"-type) macrocycles: potential photosensitizers which absorb in the far-red spectral region</title> (1991)

The syntheses of three new cadmium(II)-containing tripyrroledimethine-derived, ''texaphyrin''-type, macrocycles, 14,15-dicyano-4,5,9,20-tetraethyl-10,19-dimethyl-13,16,21,22,23- pentazatetracyclo[16.2 .1.13,6.18,11]tricosa-1,3,5,7,9,11(23)12,14,16,18(21),19-undecaene (1), 4,5,9,28-tetraethyl-10,27-dimethyl-13,24,29,30,31- pentaazahexaacyclo$B24.2.1.13,6. 18,11.014,23.016,21]-hentriaconta-1,,5,7,9,11(31),12,14(23),15,17,19, 21,24,26(29),27-pentadecaene (2), and 4,5,9,32-tetraethyl-10,31-dimethyl-13,28,33,34,35- pentaazaheptacyclo$B28.2.1.13,6. 18,11.014,27.015,20.021,26]pentariconta-1,3,5,7,9,11(35),12,14( 27),15(20),16,18,21(26),22,24,28,30(33,31-heptadecaene (3), are discussed. These compounds, which contain extended (pi) -systems, possess strong, low-energy, Q-like absorption bands in the 650-900 nm spectral region, making them of possible interest in photodynamic applications. Time-resolved absorption and emission laser studies have been carried out and the fluorescence and triplet absorption spectra, excited state yields and lifetimes, O2-quenching rate constants, and quantum yields for formation of O2(1(Delta) g) measured and related to the structure of the macrocycle. The results of preliminary cell localization and in vitro photodynamic anti-viral, anti-bacterial, and anti-leukemic cell inactivation studies carried out with these and/or the parent (omicron) -phenylenediamine-derived parent texaphyrin system, 4, are also presented.
Resistance to fecal shedding of salmonellae in pigs and chickens vaccinated with an aromatic-dependent mutant of Salmonella typhimurium. (1991)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an aromatic-dependent mutant of Salmonella typhimurium as a parenteral vaccine for prevention of fecal shedding of Salmonella spp. Pigs and chickens were vaccinated IM, with 1 x 10(9) and 1 x 10(8) organisms, respectively, followed by a second identical vaccination 2 weeks later. Salmonella organisms were not detected by analysis of fecal or cloacal swab specimens from any animal after vaccination. Deleterious side effects were not noticed after vaccination. Pigs were challenge-inoculated PO with 1 x 10(12) virulent S typhimurium 1 week after the second vaccination. Chickens were challenge-inoculated PO with 3 x 10(8) organisms of either S enteritidis or the virulent parent strain of S typhimurium 3 weeks after the second vaccination. Vaccinated pigs shed Salmonella spp significantly less frequently than did nonvaccinated pigs. Vaccinated chickens challenge-inoculated with either S enteritidis or S typhimurium also shed Salmonella less frequently than the corresponding nonvaccinated control birds; however, the difference was not significant.
Ion Transport and Equilibria in Polyelectrolyte Multilayers (2001)

Transport of redox-active probe ions through multilayers made from highly charged polyelectrolytes is described. Because of intrinsic charge balance between polyelectrolyte segment ion pairs, there are no sites for the exchange of small ions within the bulk of as-made multilayers. In the presence of salt in the external bathing solution, sites for small ion exchange are forced into these “reluctant” amphoteric exchangers. Equilibrium considerations lead to the conclusion that, under conditions of high salt concentration and strong polymer ion pairing, the exchanger site concentration is proportional to the solution salt concentration, while the population of redox ions within the multilayer remains constant. Rotating disk electrodes coated with multilayers yield cyclic voltammograms which retain their classical sigmoidal shape, indicating well-behaved membrane transport. Limiting currents are strongly attenuated by membranes of thickness on the order of a few hundred angstroms. Layer-by-layer buildup reveals enhanced transport of negative ions through multilayers bearing a positive surface charge, attributed to Donnan-enhanced membrane inclusion of negative ions. Good matching of internal charge, efficiently excluding ions, is a distinctic feature of membranes made from polyelectrolyte multilayers. The flux through membranes is a strongly nonlinear function of salt concentration for the multiply charged ferro- and ferricyanide ions. This leads to significant transport selectivity between ions, favoring species with lower charge. With the membrane concentration of redox ion, charge n, constant, membrane flux is proportional to membrane diffusion coefficient, D̄, which depends on solution salt concentration in the manner D̄ ∼ k[salt]n. The implications of this for membrane transport control of multiply charged biomolecules are discussed.
An Analytical System for Rapid Separation of Tissue Nucleotides at Low Pressures on Conventional Anion Exchangers (1975)

Abstract An analytical anion-exchange procedure has been developed for the rapid separation of acid-soluble nucleotides (the so-called "free" or tissue nucleotides). It permits assay at low pressures (275-415 kPa; 40-60 psi) in less than 1 h on 10-cm columns of Aminex resins (conventional styrene-type anion exchangers) with alkaline citrate solutions as the eluent. Separation variables have been investigated, to determine optimum conditions for the routine analysis of samples containing tissue nucleotides. Also described here is a simple solvent-extraction procedure for removing HClO4 or CCl3CO2H quantitatively from cell extracts that contain acid-soluble nucleotides: they are removed from aqueous acid solutions with a water-insoluble amine dissolved in a water-immiscible solvent.
Curvature of the Femur and the Proximal Entry Point for an Intramedullary Rod (1987)

The degree of anterior curvature of 14 human femurs and four currently marketed intramedullary rods was analyzed with the use of an interactive graphic computer program. The radius of curvature of the femurs ranged from 188.5 to 68.9 cm (average, 114.4 cm). The radius of curvature of three of the four rods analyzed fell beyond the spectrum of radii found in the human femurs. A concomitant investigation of the most appropriate proximal entry site for an intramedullary rod was done based on the patterns of exit sites for both flexible guide wires and two intramedullary rods introduced in a retrograde fashion from the intercondylar notch in 14 matched pairs of human femora. The most appropriate area for proximal access into the medullary canal for these devices would appear to be at the junction of the femoral neck and the greater trochanter slightly anterior to or in the pyriformis recess.
A new family of CoA‐transferases (2001)

CoA-transferases are found in organisms from all lines of descent. Most of these enzymes belong to two well-known enzyme families, but recent work on unusual biochemical pathways of anaerobic bacteria has revealed the existence of a third family of CoA-transferases. The members of this enzyme family differ in sequence and reaction mechanism from CoA-transferases of the other families. Currently known enzymes of the new family are a formyl-CoA: oxalate CoA-transferase, a succinyl-CoA: (R)-benzylsuccinate CoA-transferase, an (E)-cinnamoyl-CoA: (R)-phenyllactate CoA-transferase, and a butyrobetainyl-CoA: (R)-carnitine CoA-transferase. In addition, a large number of proteins of unknown or differently annotated function from Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya apparently belong to this enzyme family. Properties and reaction mechanisms of the CoA-transferases of family III are described and compared to those of the previously known CoA-transferases.
APPLICATIONS AND EVALUATION OF AUTOMATED LICENSE PLATE READING SYSTEMS (2001)

Automated license plate reading technologies are beginning to gain acceptance because of the wide range of applications to which they can be applied. Typically, automatic license plate reading (ALPR) systems are used for enforcement type applications and data collection applications including parking lot management, origin-destination studies, traffic flow studies, high occupancy vehicle analysis, and weigh in motion systems. An ALPR system consists of three main components; a device for detecting vehicle presence, a digital video camera and an image processor. The image processor identifies the license plate according to embedded pattern recognition algorithms. The accuracy of the pattern recognition algorithms used in the image processor is an important concern when evaluating ALPR systems. The required accuracy depends on the application. For example, an enforcement application may require a high degree of accuracy while a traffic flow study may only require that an image obtained at an entry point be matched to an image obtained at an exit point. The purpose of this paper is to review ALPR systems in order to assist practitioners in understanding the capabilities of these systems. This paper will first cover the basic architecture of ALPR systems and then discuss several current applications of ALPR systems. Next, we will present several alternative suppliers of ALPR systems. Finally, we suggest a possible method for evaluating the systems
The Synthesis of Hydroxycotinine and Studies on Its Structure1 (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of Hydroxycotinine and Studies on Its Structure1Herbert McKennis Jr., Lennox B. Turnbull, Edward R. Bowman, and Einosuke TamakiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 2, 383–387Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01037a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01037a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views187Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Very low threshold InGaAs/InGaAsP graded index separate confinement heterostructure quantum well lasers grown by atmospheric pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (1989)

Record low threshold current densities have been achieved in InGaAs/InGaAsP step graded index sep[AV:arate confinement (GRIN SCH) quantum well lasers emitting close to 1.50 μm. Single (SQW) and multiple (MQW) quantum well lasers with 300–500 μm long cavities had threshold current densities as low as 1.9 and 0.9 kA/cm2, respectively. In longer cavity devices, threshold current densities as low as 750 and 450 A/cm2 have been measured in SQW and MQW lasers, respectively. These lasers show no significant change in threshold current density with well thicknesses varying from 5 to 25 nm which demonstrate the effectiveness of the graded index in the carrier capture process. Buried-heterostructure GRIN SCH SQW and MQW with active layer widths of ∼2 μm show threshold currents of 15 and 9 mA, respectively.
The Kisspeptin Receptor GPR54 Is Required for Sexual Differentiation of the Brain and Behavior (2007)

GPR54 is a G-protein-coupled receptor, which binds kisspeptins and is widely expressed throughout the brain. Kisspeptin-GPR54 signaling has been implicated in the regulation of pubertal and adulthood gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion, and mutations or deletions of GPR54 cause hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in humans and mice. Other reproductive roles for kisspeptin-GPR54 signaling, including the regulation of developmental GnRH secretion or sexual behavior in adults, have not yet been explored. Using adult wild-type (WT) and GPR54 knock-out (KO) mice, we first tested whether kisspeptin-GPR54 signaling is necessary for male and female sexual behaviors. We found that hormone-replaced gonadectomized GPR54 KO males and females displayed appropriate gender-specific adult sexual behaviors. Next, we examined whether GPR54 signaling is required for proper display of olfactory-mediated partner preference behavior. Testosterone-treated WT males preferred stimulus females rather than males, whereas similarly treated WT females and GPR54 KO males showed no preference for either sex. Because olfactory preference is sexually dimorphic and organized during development by androgens, we assessed whether GPR54 signaling is essential for sexual differentiation of other sexually dimorphic traits. Interestingly, adult testosterone-treated GPR54 KO males displayed "female-like" numbers of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive and Kiss1 mRNA-containing neurons in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus and likewise possessed fewer motoneurons in the spino-bulbocavernosus nucleus than did WT males. Our findings indicate that kisspeptin-GPR54 signaling is not required for male or female copulatory behavior, provided there is appropriate adulthood hormone replacement. However, GPR54 is necessary for proper male-like development of several sexually dimorphic traits, likely by regulating GnRH-mediated androgen secretion during "critical windows" in perinatal development.
Insulators and Boundaries: Versatile Regulatory Elements in the Eukaryotic Genome (2001)

Insulators mark the boundaries of chromatin domains by limiting the range of action of enhancers and silencers. Although the properties of insulators have been well studied, their role in vivo has largely been a subject of speculation. Recent results make it possible to ascribe specific and essential functions to the insulators of Drosophila , yeast, and vertebrates. In some cases, insulator activity can be modulated by nearby regulatory elements, bound cofactors, or covalent modification of the DNA. Not simply passive barriers, insulators are active participants in eukaryotic gene regulation.
Rapid and specific detection of H3 swine influenza virus using reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification method (2009)

These results suggest that LAMP offers a promising alternative tool for rapid, inexpensive and specific diagnosis of influenza virus infection of swine and other animals in frontline settings.
An iterative solution of the two‐dimensional electromagnetic inverse scattering problem (1989)

Abstract A new method, based on an iterative procedure, for solving the two‐dimensional inverse scattering problem is presented. This method employs an equivalent Neumann series solution in each iteration step. The purpose of the algorithm is to provide a general method to solve the two‐dimensional imaging problem when the Born and the Rytov approximations break down. Numerical simulations were calculated for several cases where the conditions for the first order Born approximation were not satisfied. The results show that in both high and low frequency cases, good reconstructed profiles and smoothed versions of the original profiles can be obtained for smoothly varying permittivity profiles (lossless) and discontinuous profiles (lossless), respectively. A limited number of measurements around the object at a single frequency with four to eight plane incident waves from different directions are used. The method proposed in this article could easily be applied to the three‐dimensional inverse scattering problem, if computational resources are available.
Fourier-domain angle-resolved low coherence interferometry through an endoscopic fiber bundle for light-scattering spectroscopy (2006)

We present a novel endoscopic fiber bundle probe incorporated in a Fourier-domain angle-resolved low coherence interferometry system for the measurement of depth-resolved angular scattering distributions to permit the determination of scatterer size via elastic scattering properties. Depth resolution is achieved with a superluminescent diode via a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The sample is illuminated with a collimated beam, and a Fourier plane image of the backscattered light is collected by a coherent fiber bundle. The angular scattering distribution relayed by the fiber bundle is mixed with the reference field and made to coincide with the input slit of an imaging spectrograph. The data collected are processed in real time, producing a depth-resolved angular scattering distribution in 0.37 s. The data are used to determine the sizes of polystyrene microspheres with subwavelength precision and accuracy.
Expression of a Heterologous Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Gene in Intestinal Lactobacilli Provides Protection against Hydrogen Peroxide Toxicity (2004)

In living organisms, exposure to oxygen provokes oxidative stress. A widespread mechanism for protection against oxidative stress is provided by the antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutases (SODs) and hydroperoxidases. Generally, these enzymes are not present in Lactobacillus spp. In this study, we examined the potential advantages of providing a heterologous SOD to some of the intestinal lactobacilli. Thus, the gene encoding the manganese-containing SOD (sodA) was cloned from Streptococcus thermophilus AO54 and expressed in four intestinal lactobacilli. A 1.2-kb PCR product containing the sodA gene was cloned into the shuttle vector pTRK563, to yield pSodA, which was functionally expressed and complemented an Escherichia coli strain deficient in Mn and FeSODs. The plasmid, pSodA, was subsequently introduced and expressed in Lactobacillus gasseri NCK334, Lactobacillus johnsonii NCK89, Lactobacillus acidophilus NCK56, and Lactobacillus reuteri NCK932. Molecular and biochemical analyses confirmed the presence of the gene (sodA) and the expression of an active gene product (MnSOD) in these strains of lactobacilli. The specific activities of MnSOD were 6.7, 3.8, 5.8, and 60.7 U/mg of protein for L. gasseri, L. johnsonii, L. acidophilus, and L. reuteri, respectively. The expression of S. thermophilus MnSOD in L. gasseri and L. acidophilus provided protection against hydrogen peroxide stress. The data show that MnSOD protects cells against hydrogen peroxide by removing O(2)(.-) and preventing the redox cycling of iron. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of a sodA from S. thermophilus being expressed in other lactic acid bacteria.
Superconducting properties of Au/Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O composites (1990)

The superconducting properties of the Au-doped Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (BPSCCO) system have been investigated. It was found that while silver severely degraded the superconductivity of BPSCCO samples heat treated in oxygen and air, gold exhibited nonpoisoning behaviour under the same conditions. Ag acts to form a Ag2O-PbO-CuO liquid eutectic and destabilises the superconducting phase when the samples were treated in oxygen or air, while Au remains an isolated phase in the composites. This result contradicts similar work in which Au was found to degrade the superconductivity of the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (BSCCO) system, while Ag was found to be nonpoisoning to BSCCO when samples were treated in oxygen and air.
A Controlled-Release Strategy for the Generation of Cross-Linked Hydrogel Microstructures (2006)

Microscale hydrogels of controlled sizes and shapes are useful for cell-based screening, in vitro diagnostics, tissue engineering, and drug delivery. However, the rapid cross-linking of many chemically and pH cross-linkable hydrogel materials prevents the application of existing micromolding techniques. In this work we present a method for fabricating micromolded calcium alginate and chitosan structures through controlled release of the gelling agent from a hydrogel mold. Replica molding was employed to generate patterned membranes, whereas microtransfer molding was used to produce microparticles of controlled shapes. To explore the viability of this technique for producing complex tissue engineering micro-architectures, this approach was used to generate cell-laden size- and shape-controlled 3D microgels as well as composite hydrogels with well-defined spatially segregated regions. In addition, shape-controlled microstructures that can exhibit differential release properties were loaded with macromolecules to verify the potential of this approach for drug delivery applications.
Vision-aided inertial navigation with rolling-shutter cameras (2014)

In this paper, we focus on the problem of pose estimation using measurements from an inertial measurement unit and a rolling-shutter (RS) camera. The challenges posed by RS image capture are typically addressed by using approximate, low-dimensional representations of the camera motion. However, when the motion contains significant accelerations (common in small-scale systems) these representations can lead to loss of accuracy. By contrast, we here describe a different approach, which exploits the inertial measurements to avoid any assumptions on the nature of the trajectory. Instead of parameterizing the trajectory, our approach parameterizes the errors in the trajectory estimates by a low-dimensional model. A key advantage of this approach is that, by using prior knowledge about the estimation errors, it is possible to obtain upper bounds on the modeling inaccuracies incurred by different choices of the parameterization’s dimension. These bounds can provide guarantees for the performance of the method, and facilitate addressing the accuracy–efficiency tradeoff. This RS formulation is used in an extended-Kalman-filter estimator for localization in unknown environments. Our results demonstrate that the resulting algorithm outperforms prior work, in terms of accuracy and computational cost. Moreover, we demonstrate that the algorithm makes it possible to use low-cost consumer devices (i.e. smartphones) for high-precision navigation on multiple platforms.
MUTAGENESIS BY APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC SITES (1986)

INTRODUCTION . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 201 S OURCES OF AP SITES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 202 Spontaneous DepurinationlDepyrimidination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Chemically Induced DepurinationlDepyrimidination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 203 DepurinationlDepyrimidination by DNA Glycosylases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 207 REPAIR OF AP SITES . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 209 MUTAGENESIS BY AP SITES . . . .... . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 Misincorporation by DNA Polymerases in vitro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 210 Mutagenesis in E. coli... . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . 2 1 2 Mutagenesis in Animal Cells . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 3 A P Sites a s Intermediates in Spontaneous Mutagenesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 AP Sites as Intermediates in Chemical Mutagenesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 MOLECULAR MECHANISMS FOR MUTAGENESIS BY AP S ITES . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 219