gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
168-Gb/s all-optical wavelength conversion with a symmetric-Mach-Zehnder-type switch (2001)

Error-free all-optical wavelength conversion at 168 Gb/s, which is the highest repetition rate ever reported, has been achieved by using a symmetric-Mach-Zehnder (SMZ)-type switch. Low-power-penalty 84-Gb/s operation is also demonstrated. The push-pull switching mechanism of the SMZ switch enables such ultrafast operation based on cross-phase modulation associated with the carrier depletion in a semiconductor optical amplifier. The configuration of the delayed-interference signal-wavelength converter, which is a simplified variant of the SMZ switch, is used in this experiment.
Protonation products of pentaaminopentane as novel building blocks for hydrogen-bonded networks (2000)

The structures of 3-amino-1,2R,4S,5-tetra­ammoniopentane tetrachloride monohydrate, C5H21N54+·4Cl−·H2O, and 1,2R,3,4S,5-penta­ammoniopentane tetra­chloro­zincate tri­chlor­ide monohydrate, (C5H22N5)[ZnCl4]Cl3·H2O, have been determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. Both compounds show a complex network of N—H⋯O, O—H⋯Cl and N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds. There are a total of 14 H atoms of the tetra-cation and 15 H atoms of the penta-cation available for hydrogen bonding. However, due to the particular shape of the primary linear poly­ammonium cations, only a certain number of H atoms can be involved in hydrogen-bond formation. It is further shown that hydrogen bonding has an influence on the conformation of such alkyl­ammonium cations.
Posterior Stabilization with an Interlaminar Clamp in Cervical Injuries: Technical Note and Review of the Long Term Experience with the Method (1984)

An alternative method of cervical fixation utilizing a stainless steel clamp is described. The clamp is applied to the adjoining laminae of involved vertebrae in those cervical dislocations and subluxations with posterior instability. The long term results of this method have been most satisfactory, as indicated by our follow-up of 51 patients treated during the last decade.
In Vivo and In Vitro Measurement of Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells Using 99m Tc-EC-Annexin V (2001)

The results indicate that apoptosis can be quantified using 99mTc-EC-annexin and that it is feasible to use 99mTc-EC-annexin to image tumor apoptosis.
Editorial: Electroanalysis 1/2006 (2006)

2005 was another successful year for Electroanalysis.The Editor and Wiley-VCH wish to take this opportunity to thank all the authors, readers, referees, and board members of
Facile and Highly Selective Deprotection of tert‐Butyldimethyl Silyl Ethers using Sulfated SnO2 as a Solid Catalyst (2008)

Highly selective deprotection of tert‐butyldimethylsilyl ethers at room temperature has been described using sulfated SnO2 as an efficient solid catalyst.
CO2 Capture by As‐Prepared SBA‐15 with an Occluded Organic Template (2006)

Abstract A novel CO 2 capture phenomenon is observed by modifying as‐prepared mesoporous silica SBA‐15 (SBA(P)) with tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), not only conserving the energy and time required for removing the template, but also opening the way to utilizing the micelle for dispersing guest species. The TEPA species dispersed within the channels of SBA(P) are highly accessible to CO 2 molecules; moreover, the hydroxyl group of the poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(propylene oxide)–poly(ethylene oxide) (Pluronic P123) template is able to modify the interactions between CO 2 and the amine to enhance the adsorptive capacity of this system. The remarkably high adsorption capacity (173 mg g –1 ) of this mesoporous silica–amine composite suggests potential CO 2 trapping applications, especially at low CO 2 concentrations during prolonged cyclic operations.
Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis by Oxidation-Reduction Condensation. Synthesis of LH–RH by Fragment Condensation on Solid Support (1973)

Abstract Solid phase peptide synthesis by oxidation-reduction condensation was investigated. The fragment condensation on solid support was examined by employing two types of chain elongation, that from C-terminal amino acid to N-terminal amino acid (A type elongation) and that from N-terminal amino acid to C-terminal amino acid (B type elongation). The feasibility of these two approaches A and B was demonstrated in two syntheses of LH–RH (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone). The LH–RH prepared from the two different chain elongations showed identical mobilities on tlc, exhibiting full activities of natural LH–RH (AVS 77-33 # 215-269).
Expression and localization of two low molecular weight GTP-binding proteins, Rab8 and Rab10, by epitope tag. (1993)

Small GTP-binding proteins of the YPT/SEC4/Rab family have been shown to play an essential role in intracellular membrane trafficking. In mammals, Rab8 and Rab10 are the two small GTP-binding proteins identified so far that are closest to SEC4, an essential gene product involved in post-Golgi constitutive secretion in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To study the localization of Rab proteins, we have expressed the cDNAs with an influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) epitope tag at the N terminus. The feasibility of this method was tested by using yeast SEC4. HA-tagged SEC4 functionally complemented a temperature-sensitive sec4 mutant similarly to wild-type SEC4, indicating that the modified protein retained functional integrity. Monoclonal antibody 12CA5, raised against the HA tag, was used to determine the expression and localization of HA-tagged proteins after transfection. In stably transfected CHO and Swiss 3T3 cells, HA-tagged Rab8 was localized to the cell periphery, with the highest concentration in the ruffling areas. In contrast, epitope-tagged Rab10 expressed in CHO and BHK cells was concentrated on membranes in the perinuclear region. By light microscopy, the staining partially overlapped with that of a Golgi marker, beta-COP. Thus, despite the high degree homology of Rab8 and Rab10 (66% identity), the two proteins are localized to distinct cellular compartments. This approach should provide a general tool for the analyses of other members of the YPT/SEC4/rab gene family.
Concluding Remarks (1981)

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Applications of electrowetting-based digital microfluidics in clinical diagnostics (2011)

Digital microfluidics based on electrowetting is a type of microfluidic platform in which liquids are processed as individual unit-sized droplets that are dispensed from a source, merged together, split apart or transported between locations on demand. These devices are implemented using arrays of surface electrodes to control the shape and position of droplets through the electrowetting effect. A major thrust of digital microfluidics research has been the development of integrated lab-on-a-chip devices to perform clinical in vitro diagnostic assays. A variety of preparatory and analytical processes have been implemented and feasibility has been demonstrated for test types ranging from clinical chemistries to immunoassays, nucleic acid tests and cell-based assays. In this article, the current state and future potential of digital microfluidics for clinical diagnostic testing is reviewed and evaluated.
Biochemical and immunological analysis of human immunodeficiency virus gag gene products p17 and p24 (1988)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) p24 was purified to homogeneity and subjected to NH2-terminal sequencing. The sequence determined perfectly corresponded to the amino acid sequence predicted from the nucleotide sequence of a middle portion of the HIV first open frame: the gag gene. Edman degradation of purified HIV p17 revealed instead a blocked NH2 terminus. Hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies to p24 and p17 were developed and used to immunologically characterize these two HIV gag gene products. They identified two gag precursor polyproteins in the cytoplasm of HIV-infected cells: Pr53gag, which corresponds to the primary translational product, and Pr39gag, which corresponds to an intermediate product of cleavage of Pr53gag. These monoclonal antibodies allowed us also to study posttranslational modification of HIV p24 and p17. p24 was found to be phosphorylated, which is a very unusual feature for a major retroviral core protein. p17 was found to be myristylated, as are all NH2-terminal gag proteins of the known human retroviruses.
STEP: a family of brain-enriched PTPs. Alternative splicing produces transmembrane, cytosolic and truncated isoforms. (1997)

The family of striatal enriched phosphatases (STEPs) consists of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) that are enriched within the central nervous system. Previous biochemical studies have shown that the STEP family includes transmembrane, as well as soluble, cytosolic proteins. We now extend these findings with the isolation and characterization of a new, truncated member of this family, termed STEP38. The cDNA of STEP38 encodes a protein of 346 amino acids with a predicted mobility of 38 kDa. In contrast to the cytosolic variants, it contains two hydrophobic amino acid sequences at its N-terminus, two sequences enriched in Pro, Glu, Asp, Ser and Thr residues (PEST sequences), and two polyproline domains. We have used differential centrifugation, continuous sucrose gradients, and transfection experiments to clarify the subcellular localization of STEP38 within membrane compartments. These experiments suggest that a pool of STEP38 is targeted to membrane compartments of the endoplasmic reticulum. The STEP38 cDNA contains a stop codon upstream of the catalytic phosphatase domain that is normally present in other STEP variants, and enzymatic assays conform that STEP38 is inactive. Thus, the STEP family consists of cytosolic, transmembrane, and truncated isoforms. These findings are similar to what has been found for some members of the protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) family that uses alternative splicing mechanisms to produce active and inactive variants. By analogy with suggested mechanisms of action for the truncated PTKs, inactive STEP isoforms may participate in signaling events by protecting potential substrates from dephosphorylation by other members of this family.
Harmonic distortion and intermodulation products in the microstrip amplifier based on a superconducting quantum interference device (2001)

The harmonic distortion and intermodulation products have been measured for a microstrip amplifier based on a dc superconducting quantum interference device. When the flux bias is adjusted to maximize the gain, in general both second harmonic and a series of odd harmonics are observed. The magnitude of the third harmonic is in good agreement with a simple model. The magnitude of the second harmonic, however, depends critically on the flux bias and is generally a minimum when the gain is slightly less than the maximum value. Similar results are found for the two lowest order intermodulation products.
Techniques for high-speed implementation of nonlinear cancellation (1991)

The authors present techniques for breaking the bottleneck caused by delays in the feedback loop, which can severely limit the maximum data rate of a detector, operating with nonlinear cancellation (NLC). The authors first show how to simplify the loop to avoid high-speed switching of analog signals by using multiple decision elements, each with a different threshold level. The authors then show how to use lookahead computation to increase the delay permissible in the feedback loop. The authors describe nonlinear cancellation, and outline some of the problems of implementing NLC at high data rates. Techniques for overcoming these problems are developed and are illustrated with the example of a simple one-tap NLC. The authors describe how to generalize the techniques to more complex NLCs and present some more examples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
N-Shc: a neural-specific adapter molecule that mediates signaling from neurotrophin/Trk to Ras/MAPK pathway. (1996)

Shc has been implicated in a variety of growth factor- and cytokine receptor-signaling through its specific binding to phosphotyrosine residues of the activated receptors. In neuronal cells, such as PC12, Shc has been shown to be involved in Ras-dependent MAP kinase activation following Trk receptor stimulation with NGF. While the ubiquitous role of Shc as an adaptor molecule in signal transduction is increasing in both neuronal and non-neuronal cells and tissues, the expression level of Shc is surprisingly low in the brain. We demonstrated here the isolation of a neural-specific member of the Shc family. This novel protein, named N-Shc (neuronal Shc), contains two potential phosphotyrosine-binding domains, PTB and SH2, and is expressed exclusively in the brain; whereas Shc is present in all other non-neuronal tissues. As in Shc, N-Shc can bind activated EGF receptor, become tyrosine phosphorylated, and form a complex with Grb2 adapter protein following EGF stimulation. Furthermore, N-Shc can bind activated TrkB receptor following the stimulation with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is the most abundant neurotrophin in the brain. These data suggest that N-Shc, rather than Shc, mediates neurotrophin and other neuronal signalings in the central nervous system.
Wound healing effects of porcine placental extracts on rats with thermal injury (2003)

These ex vivo data support the observation that the application of 30 mg mL(-1) of placental extracts reduced the wound healing time by about 50%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to explore the molecular mechanisms of porcine placental extracts on wound healing. These results may provide the insight into the potential use of porcine placental extracts as an alternative medicine for accelerating wound healing.
Thorough QT/QTc Not So Thorough: Removes Torsadogenic Predictors from the T‐Wave, Incriminates Safe Drugs, and Misses Profibrillatory Drugs (2006)

Drug-induced QT prolongation has such a strong correlation with torsade de pointes (TdP) that it comes to serve as a surrogate for TdP. As a result, drugs that prolong QT by as little as a few ms, even without any evidence of TdP, may get dropped from development or blocked from approval. However, measurement of QT with ms accuracy may be impossible to achieve. Worse, some drugs that lengthen the QT interval are not only not proarrhythmic, they may even be antiarrhythmic; while some that shorten the QT can be strongly proarrhythmic. Indeed, proarrhythmia related to repolarization disturbances is caused by triangulation, reverse use dependence, instability, and dispersion (TRIaD). When TRIaD is present with QT prolongation it commonly yields TdP, but when TRIaD is combined with QT shortening it preferentially leads to VF instead. While TdP is lethal in less than 20% of instances, VF is much more morbid. Worse, available evidence suggests that there is more death from drug-induced fibrillation than TdP. Thus, QT prolongation alone is not very useful. Instead, the T-wave should be used in alternate ways: extraction of TRIaD.
The effects of internal refractive index variation in near-infrared optical tomography: a finite element modelling approach (2003)

Near-infrared (NIR) tomography is a technique used to measure light propagation through tissue and generate images of internal optical property distributions from boundary measurements. Most popular applications have concentrated on female breast imaging, neonatal and adult head imaging, as well as muscle and small animal studies. In most instances a highly scattering medium with a homogeneous refractive index is assumed throughout the imaging domain. Using these assumptions, it is possible to simplify the model to the diffusion approximation. However, biological tissue contains regions of varying optical absorption and scatter, as well as varying refractive index. In this work, we introduce an internal boundary constraint in the finite element method approach to modelling light propagation through tissue that accounts for regions of different refractive indices. We have compared the results to data from a Monte Carlo simulation and show that for a simple two-layered slab model of varying refractive index, the phase of the measured reflectance data is significantly altered by the variation in internal refractive index, whereas the amplitude data are affected only slightly.
Wnt Proteins Induce Dishevelled Phosphorylation via an LRP5/6- Independent Mechanism, Irrespective of Their Ability To Stabilize β-Catenin (2004)

Wnt glycoproteins play essential roles in the development of metazoan organisms. Many Wnt proteins, such as Wnt1, activate the well-conserved canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which results in accumulation of beta-catenin in the cytosol and nucleus. Other Wnts, such as Wnt5a, activate signaling mechanisms which do not involve beta-catenin and are less well characterized. Dishevelled (Dvl) is a key component of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and becomes phosphorylated upon activation of this pathway. In addition to Wnt1, we show that several Wnt proteins, including Wnt5a, trigger phosphorylation of mammalian Dvl proteins and that this occurs within 20 to 30 min. Unlike the effects of Wnt1, phosphorylation of Dvl in response to Wnt5a is not concomitant with beta-catenin stabilization, indicating that Dvl phosphorylation is not sufficient to activate canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Moreover, neither Dickkopf1, which inhibits Wnt/beta-catenin signaling by binding the Wnt coreceptors LRP5 and -6, nor dominant-negative LRP5/6 constructs could block Wnt-mediated Dvl phosphorylation. We conclude that Wnt-induced phosphorylation of Dvl is independent of LRP5/6 receptors and that canonical Wnts can elicit both LRP-dependent (to beta-catenin) and LRP-independent (to Dvl) signals. Our data also present Dvl phosphorylation as a general biochemical assay for Wnt protein function, including those Wnts that do not activate the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway.
Differential Cd4+ and Cd8+ T–Cell Responsiveness in Hepatitis C Virus Infection (2001)

This study was performed to compare the vigor and phenotype of virus-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses in patients with different virologic and clinical outcomes after hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The results show that a vigorous and multispecific CD4(+) proliferative T-cell response is maintained indefinitely after recovery from HCV infection whereas it is weak and focused in persistently infected patients. In contrast, the HCV-specific CD8(+) T-cell response was quantitatively low in both groups despite the use of sensitive direct ex vivo intracellular interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) staining. Furthermore, although HCV-specific cytolytic CD8(+) memory T cells were undetectable ex vivo, they were readily expanded from the peripheral blood of chronically HCV-infected patients but not from recovered subjects after in vitro stimulation, suggesting that ongoing viremia is required to maintain the HCV-specific memory CD8(+) T-cell response. HCV-specific CD8(+) T cells displayed a type 1 cytokine profile characterized by production of IFN-gamma despite persistent HCV viremia. The paradoxical observation that HCV-specific CD4(+) T cells survive and CD8(+) T cells are lost after viral clearance while the opposite occurs when HCV persists suggests the existence of differential requirements for the maintenance of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell memory during HCV infection. Furthermore, the relative rarity of circulating CD8(+) effector T cells in chronically infected patients may explain the chronic insidious nature of the liver inflammation and also why they fail to eliminate the virus.
Potentiometric Studies on Semiquinones (1933)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotentiometric Studies on SemiquinonesLeonor Michaelis and Edgar S. HillCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1933, 55, 4, 1481–1494Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1933Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1933https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01331a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01331a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views462Altmetric-Citations149LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inhaled insulin for diabetes mellitus (2005)

Several inhaled insulin products are under development. If these products receive marketing approval, the pulmonary delivery of insulin may offer patients with diabetes an alternative to repeated insulin injections.
Microwave Synthesis of Chromium Terephthalate MIL‐101 and Its Benzene Sorption Ability (2006)

The chromium terephthalate MIL-101 has been prepared rapidly and efficiently by using microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis. The resulting material exhibits giant pores and very large surface areas and demonstrates a huge, rapid adsorption of benzene in both vapor (see figure) and liquid phases.
The yjbEFGH locus in Escherichia coli K-12 is an operon encoding proteins involved in exopolysaccharide production (2007)

The RcsCDB phosphorelay was originally identified as the main regulator of colanic acid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli K-12. However, recent transcriptomic analyses have identified more than 150 genes belonging to the Rcs regulon, including yjbE, yjbF, yjbG and yjbH. These genes are clustered on the genome and oriented in the same direction but their function remains unknown. In this work it is shown that yjbE, yjbF, yjbG and yjbH are transcribed as a single operon and it is confirmed that the expression of this operon is controlled by the Rcs phosphorelay, in a manner that is dependent on the auxiliary regulatory protein RcsA. Interestingly, Northern blot analysis revealed that the amount of yjbE transcripts in the cell is higher than the amount of yjbEFGH transcripts and it is proposed that this differential expression is mediated by the presence of a strong stem-loop structure in the yjbE-yjbF intergenic region. Finally, evidence is provided that the overexpression of yjbEFGH affects colony morphology and leads to the production of an extracellular polysaccharide that binds Congo red and toluidine blue-O.
TRPM2 Mediates Histone Deacetylase Inhibition-Induced Apoptosis in Bladder Cancer Cells (2015)

These data suggest that the HDACi-elicited upregulation of TRPM2 expression is required for HDACi-induced apoptosis in bladder cancer cells and that HDACi activated the enrichment of H3K9Ac-represented permissive chromatin in TRPM2 promoter.