gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adding animated presentation agents to the interface (1997)

Article Free Access Share on Adding animated presentation agents to the interface Authors: Thomas Rist German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, GermanyView Profile , Elisabeth André German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, GermanyView Profile , Jochen Müller German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Stuhlsatzenhausweg 3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, GermanyView Profile Authors Info & Claims IUI '97: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Intelligent user interfacesJanuary 1997 Pages 79–86https://doi.org/10.1145/238218.238298Published:06 January 1997Publication History 41citation820DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations41Total Downloads820Last 12 Months28Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
RNA Is an Integral Component of Chromatin that Contributes to Its Structural Organization (2007)

Chromatin structure is influenced by multiples factors, such as pH, temperature, nature and concentration of counterions, post-translational modifications of histones and binding of structural non-histone proteins. RNA is also known to contribute to the regulation of chromatin structure as chromatin-induced gene silencing was shown to depend on the RNAi machinery in S. pombe, plants and Drosophila. Moreover, both in Drosophila and mammals, dosage compensation requires the contribution of specific non-coding RNAs. However, whether RNA itself plays a direct structural role in chromatin is not known. Here, we report results that indicate a general structural role for RNA in eukaryotic chromatin. RNA is found associated to purified chromatin prepared from chicken liver, or cultured Drosophila S2 cells, and treatment with RNase A alters the structural properties of chromatin. Our results indicate that chromatin-associated RNAs, which account for 2%-5% of total chromatin-associated nucleic acids, are polyA(-) and show a size similar to that of the DNA contained in the corresponding chromatin fragments. Chromatin-associated RNA(s) are not likely to correspond to nascent transcripts as they are also found bound to chromatin when cells are treated with alpha-amanitin. After treatment with RNase A, chromatin fragments of molecular weight >3.000 bp of DNA showed reduced sedimentation through sucrose gradients and increased sensitivity to micrococcal nuclease digestion. This structural transition, which is observed both at euchromatic and heterochromatic regions, proceeds without loss of histone H1 or any significant change in core-histone composition and integrity.
Common ligands of G‐protein‐coupled receptors and arginine‐utilizing enzymes (2006)

A new family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPRC6A) has recently been described and characterized with unknown physiological role. Three isoforms of GPRC6A are expressed from the same gene by alternative splicing. Agonists for GPRC6A are basic amino acids, particularly the analogues and derivatives of L-arginine and L-ornithine. These compounds are known ligands of nitric oxide synthase and arginase isoenzymes, but amino-acid sequences of these enzymes have not shown significant homologies. Various hypotheses for physiological roles of these receptors have been proposed but not yet substantiated. In order to define the most potent agonists, and elucidate further the biological significance of the receptor family, a detailed ligand-based quantitative structure-activity relationship study may be helpful.
Isolation and characterization of an activator protein for the hydrolysis of ganglioside GM2 from the roe of striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) (1989)

After the revelation of the presence of ganglioside GM2 as the major ganglioside in the roe of striped mullet, Mugil cephalus [Li, Hirabayashi, DeGasperi, Yu, Ariga, Koerner &amp; Li (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 8980-8985], we have continued to investigate the catabolism of GM2 in this tissue. We have found that mullet roe contains a specific activator protein which stimulates the hydrolysis of GM2 carried out by the beta-hexosaminidase isolated from the same tissue. This activator has been purified by using conventional procedures including ammonium sulphate fractionation and chromatography on Sepharose 6B, DEAE-Sephadex A-50, octyl-Sepharose and Matrex Gel Blue A columns. This activator protein is also able to stimulate the hydrolysis of GM2 carried out by human beta-hexosaminidase A. Unlike human GM2-activator, the roe activator protein does not stimulate the hydrolysis of GgOse3Cer or GbOse4Cer. The molecular mass (18 kDa) of the roe activator protein was found to be similar to that of human GM2-activator; however, the pI (pH 4.1) was found to be lower than that of human GM2-activator. This is the first report on the presence of a GM2-activator protein in a source other than mammalian tissues.
Apparent finite-size effect in the dynamics of supercooled liquids (1999)

Molecular dynamics simulations are performed for a supercooled simple liquid with changing the system size from N=108 to $10^4$ to examine possible finite-size effects. Although almost no systematic deviation is detected in the static pair correlation functions, it is demonstrated that the structural $\alpha$ relaxation in a small system becomes considerably slower than that in larger systems for temperatures below $T_c$ at which the size of the cooperative particle motions becomes comparable to the unit cell length of the small system. The discrepancy increases with decreasing temperature.
Asymmetric Synthesis of (+)-Isofebrifugine and (−)-Sedacryptine from a Common Chiral Nonracemic Building Block (2008)

The stereoselective syntheses of 2-substituted and 2,6-disubstituted 3-hydroxypiperidine alkaloids, (+)-isofebrifugine and (-)-sedacryptine, from a common, functionalized nonracemic bicyclic building block are achieved, demonstrating the flexibilty of the approach.
Effect of a pressor infusion of angiotensin II on sympathetic activity and heart rate in normal humans. (1991)

We tested the hypothesis that pressor infusions of angiotensin II (AII) could stimulate the sympathetic nervous system as reflected by norepinephrine (NE) spillover in humans. AII was infused at 5 ng/kg/min in six healthy volunteers, with vehicle and phenylephrine infusions as controls, on 3 separate days. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, plasma NE, NE clearance, and NE spillover were assessed before and after 30-minute infusions of AII, vehicle, or phenylephrine in the supine position and then after 15 minutes of head-up and 15 minutes of head-down tilt. Both AII and phenylephrine raised mean arterial pressure (88 +/- 9.6 to 103 +/- 14 mm Hg, p less than 0.001, and 91 +/- 7.6 to 104 +/- 9.2 mm Hg, p less than 0.001, respectively), whereas heart rate fell only with phenylephrine (60 +/- 6 to 51 +/- 6.3 beats/min, p less than 0.001). Neither plasma NE nor NE spillover was affected by either infusion, and NE clearance declined slightly with both. No changes occurred in any variable during vehicle infusions in the supine position. During upright tilt, NE spillover increases were attenuated by both AII and phenylephrine while NE clearance changes were slightly greater, leaving plasma NE increases similar on each day. During head-down tilt, NE and NE spillover declined comparably on each study day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Precision and consistency criteria in spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction (2002)

We define and study precision and consistency criteria for spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction (SPIDER), an interferometric technique for the characterization of ultrashort optical pulses. Precision quantifies the similarity of different estimates of the electric field reconstructed from a single experimental data set. Consistency is a measure of the match between the reconstructed field and the data. These powerful experimental criteria allow one to monitor the fidelity of the reconstruction of the electric field from the experimental data by tracking systematic errors and random noise. Because of such imperfections, such criteria are necessary even for pulse characterization methods based on a direct algebraic inversion. In the case of SPIDER, the redundancy of data in each interferogram and the principle of shearing interferometry allow simple calculation of the precision and consistency measures.
GD3 vaccines for melanoma: superior immunogenicity of keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugate vaccines. (1994)

Cell surface gangliosides show altered patterns of expression as a consequence of malignant transformation and have therefore been of interest as potential targets for immunotherapy, including vaccine construction. One obstacle has been that some of the gangliosides that are overexpressed in human cancers are poorly immunogenic in humans. A case in point is GD3, a prominent ganglioside of human malignant melanoma. Using an approach that has been effective in the construction of bacterial carbohydrate vaccines, we have succeeded in increasing the immunogenicity of GD3 in the mouse by conjugating the ganglioside with immunogenic carriers. Several conjugation methods were used. The optimal procedure involved ozone cleavage of the double bond of GD3 in the ceramide backbone, introducing an aldehyde group, and coupling to aminolysyl groups of proteins by reductive amination. Conjugates were constructed with a synthetic multiple antigenic peptide expressing repeats of a malarial T-cell epitope, outer membrane proteins of Neisseria meningitidis, cationized bovine serum albumin, keyhole limpet hemocyanin, and polylysine. Mice immunized with these conjugates showed a stronger antibody response to GD3 than mice immunized with unconjugated GD3. The strongest response was observed in mice immunized with the keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugate of the GD3 aldehyde derivative and the adjuvant QS-21. These mice showed not only a long-lasting high-titer IgM response but also a consistent high-titer IgG response (predominantly IgG1), indicating recruitment of T-cell help, although the titers of IgM and IgG antibodies following booster immunizations were not as high as they are in the response to classical T-cell-dependent antigens. This method is applicable to other gangliosides, and it may be useful in the construction of immunogenic ganglioside vaccines for the immunotherapy of human cancers expressing gangliosides on their cell surface.
A Two-Stage Capacity-Achieving Demodulation/Decoding Method for Random Matrix Channels (2009)

Iterative processing for linear matrix channels, aka turbo equalization, turbo demodulation, or turbo code-division multiple access (CDMA), has traditionally been addressed as the concatenation of conventional error control codes with the linear (matrix) channel. However, in several situations, such as CDMA, multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) channels, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), and intersymbol-interference (ISI) channels, the channel itself either contains inherent signal redundancy or such redundancy can readily be introduced at the transmitter. For such systems, iterative demodulation of the linear channel exploiting this redundancy using simple iterative cancellation demodulators, followed by conventional feedforward error control decoding, provides a low-complexity, but extremely efficient decoding alternative. This two-stage demodulator/decoder outperforms more complex turbo CDMA methods for equal power modes (users). Furthermore, it is shown that arbitrary numbers of modes can be supported if an unequal power distribution is adopted. These power distributions are nested, which means that additional modes can be added without disturbing an existing mode population. The main result shows that these nested power distributions enable the two-stage receiver to approach the Shannon capacity of the channel to within less than one bit for any signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
Heterogeneity of biochemical, clinical and immunological parameters in severe combined immunodeficiency due to adenosine deaminase deficiency. (1987)

There was considerable heterogeneity of the biochemical, clinical and immunological findings in 12 patients and two fetuses from 16 kindreds affected by severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) due to a complete deficiency of the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA). Despite this heterogeneity a consistent pattern was observed, in which levels of abnormal purine metabolites paralleled the severity of the immunodeficiency. A high level of urinary deoxyadenosine was a universal finding for homozygous ADA deficiency. ATP depletion, in association with raised deoxy-ATP (dATP) levels, was found in the erythrocytes of nine infants with profound cellular and humoral immunodeficiency. There was no erythrocyte ATP depletion in two patients with some residual immunity, who presented later, but adenosine accumulated in their plasma and urine. This finding, together with the presence of some T and normal B-lymphocytes in less severely affected patients, suggests that adenosine is relatively non-toxic. The other results are consistent with the hypothesis that the sequence of deoxyadenosine accumulation, dATP formation and ATP depletion represents the major mechanism of toxicity to the immune system. Low numbers of T lymphocytes and dATP accumulation were also found in the blood of affected fetuses at 18 weeks gestation. Since extreme instability of erythrocyte ADA was demonstrated in some heterozygotes, and heterozygote ADA levels were detected in one infant with SCID, simultaneous immunological and biochemical analysis of fetal blood are important for precise antenatal diagnosis.
Efficient wireless transmission of power using resonators with coupled electric fields (2008)

Since its introduction by Nikola Tesla in 1900, the concept of wireless power transmission has expanded in many directions, including high-intensity microwave beams, lasers and mutual magnetic induction. Far-field systems such as lasers, focused microwaves and large aperture RF links are well suited for traversing large (>100 m) distances but exhibit relatively low (<10%) overall system efficiencies due to beam diffraction limits, atmospheric absorption and multiple conversion losses. Near-field devices using direct or resonant magnetic induction offer higher efficiencies but only at low power levels and close distances. This paper explores the potential of using coupled electric fields between two tuned resonant transformers as a means for transmitting considerable power (>500 W) over laboratory-scale distances (5 to 20 m) with reasonable efficiency. The paper presents design concepts, circuit simulations and test results.
General stress response master regulator rpoS is expressed in human infection: a possible role in chronicity (1999)

Acinetobacter spp., especially Acinetobacter baumannii, are common opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised patients and currently cause 10% of nosocomial infections in intensive care unit patients. 1 They tend to be resistant to multiple antibiotics and to produce cephalosporinases. 2 Indeed, hyperproduction of cephalosporinases, together with decreased outer membrane permeability, are the predominant mechanisms of resistance to ceftazidime amongst A. baumannii isolates.
Crystallized Si films by low-temperature rapid thermal annealing of amorphous silicon (1989)

Low-temperature rapid thermal annealing has been used to crystallize both undoped and doped amorphous silicon (a-Si) films deposited at low temperatures. The polycrystalline films produced are completely crystallized with time temperature budgets such as 4 min at 700 °C. Unlike deposited polycrystalline Si films, the grain size in these crystallized films is not limited by film thickness. In the case of undoped a-Si films crystallized by this approach, the resulting conductivity is comparable to that achieved in undoped polycrystalline Si films produced by much higher processing temperatures. In the case of doped a-Si films, the resulting crystallized film yields a conductivity of 160 S/cm, a value which is comparable to the highest reported for doped polycrystalline and microcrystalline silicon. These doped films are found to have mobility values of ∼13 cm2/V s.
The colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) receptor (c-fms protooncogene product) and its ligand (1988)

Alterations in genes that function in normal growth and development have been linked to malignant cell transformation. The mononuclear phagocyte colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1 or M-CSF) is a polypeptide growth factor synthesized by mesenchymal cells, which stimulates the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of haematopoietic cells of the monocyte-macrophage series. Multiple forms of soluble CSF-1 are produced by proteolytic cleavage of membrane-bound precursors, some of which are stably expressed at the cell surface. The c-fms proto-oncogene encodes the CSF-1 receptor, which is composed of an extracellular ligand-binding domain linked by a single membrane-spanning segment to a cytoplasmic tyrosine-specific protein kinase domain. Whereas the tyrosine kinase activity of the normal receptor is stimulated by CSF-1, mutations in the c-fms gene can constitutively activate the kinase to provide growth-stimulatory signals in the absence of the ligand. Oncogenic activation of the c-fms gene product appears to involve removal of a negative regulatory tyrosine residue near the carboxyl terminus of the receptor and one or more additional mutations that may simulate a conformational change induced by CSF-1 binding. Expression of the human c-fms gene in mouse NIH-3T3 cells confers a CSF-1 stimulated growth phenotype, indicating that receptor transduction is sufficient for fibroblasts to respond to a haematopoietic growth factor. In contrast, the v-fms oncogene induces factor-independent growth and tumorigenicity in factor-dependent myeloid cell lines, and contributes to the development of proliferative disorders of multiple haematopoietic lineages when introduced into murine bone marrow progenitors. Aberrant expression of an endogenous c-fms gene secondary to proviral insertion and transcriptional activation has also been implicated in virus-induced myeloblastic leukaemia in mice. The c-fms and CSF-1 genes have been mapped on the long arm of human chromosome 5, a region that frequently undergoes interstitial deletions in certain haematopoietic disorders including acute myelogenous leukaemia. The study of CSF-1 and its receptor should provide information concerning the role of tyrosine kinases in regulating the normal growth and differentiation of haematopoietic cells and in contributing to their malignant transformation.
A throughput-agnostic 11.9&#x2013;13.6GOPS/mW multi-signal classification SoC for cognitive radios in 40nm CMOS (2015)

A blind classification SoC for cognitive radios, featuring multi-signal channelization, 16-core dynamic parallelism-frequency scaling and GALS-based multithreading, is realized in 40nm CMOS. Targeting ≥95% detection probability and < 0.5% false-alarm rate, the SoC achieves a throughput-insensitive energy efficiency of 11.9–13.6GOPS/mW for multiple 7.8–125MHz bandwidth-agnostic signals in a 500MHz channel. The SoC shows 2.1× lower energy, >2.7× less efficiency variation, 1.2× baseband area and up to 4× processing time reduction compared to prior work. Throughput-matched scheduling of spatial resources enables operation at peak energy efficiency without the need for any voltage adjustment.
Zero-Shot Super-Resolution Using Deep Internal Learning (2018)

Deep Learning has led to a dramatic leap in SuperResolution (SR) performance in the past few years. However, being supervised, these SR methods are restricted to specific training data, where the acquisition of the low-resolution (LR) images from their high-resolution (HR) counterparts is predetermined (e.g., bicubic downscaling), without any distracting artifacts (e.g., sensor noise, image compression, non-ideal PSF, etc). Real LR images, however, rarely obey these restrictions, resulting in poor SR results by SotA (State of the Art) methods. In this paper we introduce "Zero-Shot" SR, which exploits the power of Deep Learning, but does not rely on prior training. We exploit the internal recurrence of information inside a single image, and train a small image-specific CNN at test time, on examples extracted solely from the input image itself. As such, it can adapt itself to different settings per image. This allows to perform SR of real old photos, noisy images, biological data, and other images where the acquisition process is unknown or non-ideal. On such images, our method outperforms SotA CNN-based SR methods, as well as previous unsupervised SR methods. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first unsupervised CNN-based SR method.
TNF-α Preconditioning Protects Neurons via Neuron-Specific Up-Regulation of CREB-Binding Protein (2009)

Despite being a proinflammatory cytokine, TNF-alpha preconditions neurons against various toxic insults. However, underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. The present study identifies the importance of CREB-binding protein (CBP) in facilitating TNF-alpha-mediated preconditioning in neurons. Treatment of rat primary neurons with fibrillar amyloid beta1-42 (Abeta) resulted in the loss of CBP protein. However, this loss was compensated by TNF-alpha preconditioning as the expression of neuronal CBP was up-regulated in response to TNF-alpha treatment. The induction of CBP by TNF-alpha was observed only in neurons, but not in astroglia and microglia, and it was contingent on the activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB. Interestingly, antisense knockdown of CBP abrogated the TNF-alpha-mediated preconditioning of neurons against Abeta and glutamate toxicity. Similarly in vivo, preadministration of TNF-alpha in mouse neocortex prevented Abeta-induced apoptosis and loss of choline acetyltransferase-positive cholinergic neurons. However, coadministration of cbp antisense, but not scrambled oligonucleotides, negated the protective effect of TNF-alpha against Abeta neurotoxicity. This study illustrates a novel biological role of TNF-alpha in increasing neuron-specific expression of CBP for preconditioning that may have therapeutic potential against neurodegenerative disorders.
Ring A Functionalization of Terpenoids by the Unusual Baeyer-Villiger Rearrangement of Aliphatic Aldehydes (1999)

A new methodology is described for transforming resinic acids into nor-alcohols and nor-olefins, via the Baeyer-Villiger rearrangement of the derived aldehyde. Based on this methodology 4-hydroxy-18-nor-abieta-8,11,13-trien-7-one and 18-nor-abieta-8,11,13-triene-4,7α-diol, two new terpenoids recently described, have been synthesized from abietic acid.