gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vitro 3D Model for Human Vascularized Adipose Tissue (2009)

The clinical need for both three-dimensional (3D) soft tissue replacements and in vitro adipose tissue models continues to grow. In this study, we evaluated structural and functional characteristics of an in vitro 3D coculture model of vascularized adipose tissue. Tomato red-infected human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) and green fluorescence protein-infected human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cocultured on 3D aqueous-derived silk scaffolds for 2 weeks. Confocal microscopy images demonstrated viability of cocultures and organization of both cell types over time. Endothelial cells aligned with time, and further histological analyses revealed continuous endothelial lumen formation in both differentiated and undifferentiated cocultures. Differentiated adipose cocultures secreted significantly higher levels of leptin than undifferentiated cocultures at 1 and 2 weeks. Additionally, lipid accumulation was demonstrated with Oil Red O staining, where positive staining was higher in the differentiated cocultures. A promising in vitro approach for the vascularization of tissue-engineered adipose tissue, and the ability to vascularize a construct containing hASCs was demonstrated. The strategy outlined provides a basis for the formation of other in vitro vascularized tissues as well as a path forward for the sustainable formation of soft tissue due to the use of slowly degrading silk scaffolds.
Fluid links for informed and incremental link transitions (1998)

We have developed a novel user interface technique for hypertext, calledfluid links, that has several advantages over current methods. Fluid links provide additional information at a link source to support readers in choosing among links and understanding the structure of a hypertext. Fluid links present this information in a convenient location that does not obscure the content or layout of the source material. The technique uses perceptually-based animation to provide a natural and lightweight feeling to readers. In their richer forms, fluid links can provide a novel hypertext navigation paradigm that blurs the boundaries of hypertext nodes and can allow readers to fluidly control the focus on the material to support their current reading goals.
Removal of Background Patterns and Signatures for Magnetic Ink Character Recognition of Checks (2012)

This paper describes a method to extract the magnetic ink characters (MICR E-13B font) printed on bank-checks for the purpose of using OCR as supporting MICR. In the case of OCR, the colorful background patterns and the overlapped signatures on MICR characters make it difficult to extract characters respectively by using simple binarization and labeling. Our method estimates the color and pitch of MICR characters in order to separate the characters in contact with sign strokes, then the remaining sign strokes are removed by tracing them. In the experiment, we use circulated bank-checks and samples provided by SEIKO EPSON and show the performance of our method.
On Impact of Dynamic Virtual Machine Reallocation on Data Center Efficiency (2008)

Modern OS virtualization technology allows for "live migration" of virtual servers between physical hosts after the initial consolidation thus providing new avenues for performance optimization. This paper focuses on quantifying by how much data center efficiency can be improved using dynamic (i.e., in response to demand changes) real-location of virtual machines between physical servers. An analytical performance model of dynamic virtual machine reallocation is presented. It allows to estimate the reduction (as compared to the static consolidation) in the number of physical servers required to host the workload (under the same requirements of the maximum number of capacity overloads). Model is validated using simulations and several insights based on the analysis are provided.
Multisource least‐squares migration of marine streamer and land data with frequency‐division encoding (2012)

ABSTRACT Multisource migration of phase‐encoded supergathers has shown great promise in reducing the computational cost of conventional migration. The accompanying crosstalk noise, in addition to the migration footprint, can be reduced by least‐squares inversion. But the application of this approach to marine streamer data is hampered by the mismatch between the limited number of live traces/shot recorded in the field and the pervasive number of traces generated by the finite‐difference modelling method. This leads to a strong mismatch in the misfit function and results in strong artefacts (crosstalk) in the multisource least‐squares migration image. To eliminate this noise, we present a frequency‐division multiplexing (FDM) strategy with iterative least‐squares migration (ILSM) of supergathers. The key idea is, at each ILSM iteration, to assign a unique frequency band to each shot gather. In this case there is no overlap in the crosstalk spectrum of each migrated shot gather m ( x , ω i ), so the spectral crosstalk product m ( x , ω i ) m ( x , ω j ) =δ i , j is zero, unless i = j . Our results in applying this method to 2D marine data for a SEG/EAGE salt model show better resolved images than standard migration computed at about 1/10 th of the cost. Similar results are achieved after applying this method to synthetic data for a 3D SEG/EAGE salt model, except the acquisition geometry is similar to that of a marine OBS survey. Here, the speedup of this method over conventional migration is more than 10. We conclude that multisource migration for a marine geometry can be successfully achieved by a frequency‐division encoding strategy, as long as crosstalk‐prone sources are segregated in their spectral content. This is both the strength and the potential limitation of this method.
Genomic Overview and Biological Functions of Exopolysaccharide Biosynthesis in Bifidobacterium spp (2013)

For many years, bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) have received considerable scientific attention, mainly due to their contribution to biofilm formation and, above all, because EPS are potential virulence factors. In recent times, interest in EPS research has enjoyed a welcome boost thanks to the discovery of their ability to mediate communication processes with their surrounding environment and to their contribution to host health maintenance. In this review, we provide a fresh perspective on the genetics and activity of these polymers in members of the Bifidobacterium genus, a common gut inhabitant of humans and animals that has been associated with several health-promoting effects. Bifidobacteria can use EPS to protect themselves against the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, thus improving their persistence in the host. Indeed, the relevant function of EPS for bifidobacteria is underlined by the fact that most genomes sequenced until now contain genes related to EPS biosynthesis. A high interspecies variability in the number of genes and structural organization is denoted among species/subspecies; thus, eps clusters in this genus do not display a consensus genetic architecture. Their different G+C content compared to that of the whole genome suggests that eps genes have been acquired by horizontal transfer. From the host perspective, EPS-producing bifidobacteria are able to trigger both innate and adaptive immune responses, and they are able to modulate the composition and activity of the gut microbiota. Thus, these polymers seem to be critical in understanding the physiology of bifidobacteria and their interaction with the host.
Coexpression of the simian immunodeficiency virus Env and Rev proteins by a recombinant human adenovirus host range mutant (1992)

Recombinant human adenoviruses (Ads) that replicate in the intestinal tract offer a novel, yet practical, means of immunoprophylaxis against a wide variety of viral and bacterial pathogens. For some infectious agents such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the potential for residual infectious material in vaccine preparations must be eliminated. Therefore, recombinant human Ads that express noninfectious HIV or other microbial proteins are attractive vaccine candidates. To test such an approach for HIV, we chose an experimental model of AIDS based on simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of macaques. Our data demonstrate that the SIV Env gene products are expressed in cultured cells after infection with a recombinant Ad containing both SIV env and rev genes. An E3 deletion vector derived from a mutant of human Ad serotype 5 that efficiently replicates in both human and monkey cells was used to bypass the usual host range restriction of Ad infection. In addition, we show that the SIV rev gene is properly spliced from a single SIV subgenomic DNA fragment and that the Rev protein is expressed in recombinant Ad-SIV-infected human as well as monkey cells. The expression of SIV gene products in suitable live Ad vectors provides an excellent system for studying the regulation of SIV gene expression in cultured cells and evaluating the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of SIV proteins in macaques.
Trends in Synthetic Carbohydrate Chemistry (1989)

The selective introduction of fluorine is of continuing interest not only because of the synthetic challenge but also because of the possibility of a dramatic change in biological activity. The fluoride-ion displacement of carbohydrate trifluoromethanesulfonates using tris(dimethylamino)sulfonium difluorotrimethylsilicate (TASF) provides a convenient route to deoxyfluoro sugars. Partially protected monosaccharides, having the anomeric hydroxyl underivatized, react with pyridinium poly(hydrogen fluoride) to yield the corresponding glycosyl fluorides. Two new developments in protective-group strategy are also described. These are (i) a method for the selective silylation of primary hydroxyl groups in carbohydrates involving the use of N-trimethylsilyl- or N-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-phthalimide and (ii) a method for acetal cleavage in carbohydrate derivatives using the simple reagent system, iodine in methanol.
Detection of transcripts of human papillomaviruses 16 and 18 in cancer-derived cell lines and cervical biopsies by enzyme immunoassay for DNA-RNA hybrids following solution hybridization (1991)

mRNAs of human papillomaviruses (HPV) 16 and 18 were detected in cancer-derived cell lines and genital tract biopsy specimens by a novel hybridization assay. Biotinylated whole genomic HPV DNA probes were hybridized in solution to extracted total nucleic acids. Hybrids between the labeled probes and RNA transcripts were captured on a microplate coated with an antibiotin antibody. Bound hybrids were incubated with a beta-galactosidase-labeled monoclonal antibody to DNA-RNA hybrids and measured by the addition of a fluorogenic substrate. HPV 18 and HPV 16 mRNAs were detected in nucleic acids from 2.3 x 10(3) HeLa cells and 10(4) SiHa cells, respectively. The specificity of the assay for mRNA was demonstrated by the low reactivity of nucleic acids from SiHa cells after treatment with T1 RNase and by the selective reactivity of cellular nucleic acids which bound to an oligo(dT) column. With HPV 16 subgenomic probes, E6-E7 transcripts but not L1-L2 transcripts were detected in SiHa cells. Tests of 58 biopsy specimens from 31 patients showed that the detection of HPV 16 and HPV 18 transcripts in tissue specimens was feasible. Analysis of biopsy specimens with subgenomic probes revealed HPV 16 E6-E7 transcripts in all specimens that reacted with the whole genomic probe, while L1-L2 transcripts were found infrequently.
Generation of nuclease resistant circular RNA decoys for HIV-Tat and HIV-Rev by autocatalytic splicing. (1995)

Circular exon sequences can be generated by splicing permuted intron-exon (PIE) sequences. The Anabaena pre-tRNA group I self-splicing PIE sequence was modified to generate circular forms of the HIV-TAR and the high affinity region of the HIV-RRE (RBE). RNA products containing TAR and the RBE were purified from splicing reactions and demonstrated to be circular. The circular form of these sequences was shown to be resistant to nuclease degradation in cellular extracts. Gel shift assays demonstrate that the circular form of the RBE is specifically bound by a Rev derived peptide. These data suggest that PIE-circularization of RNA may be an effective way to express small stable RNAs designed for therapeutics (eg-decoys).
Hamming Distance Metric Learning (2012)

Motivated by large-scale multimedia applications we propose to learn mappings from high-dimensional data to binary codes that preserve semantic similarity. Binary codes are well suited to large-scale applications as they are storage ef-ficient and permit exact sub-linear kNN search. The framework is applicable to broad families of mappings, and uses a flexible form of triplet ranking loss. We overcome discontinuous optimization of the discrete mappings by minimizing a piecewise-smooth upper bound on empirical loss, inspired by latent structural SVMs. We develop a new loss-augmented inference algorithm that is quadratic in the code length. We show strong retrieval performance on CIFAR-10 and MNIST, with promising classification results using no more than kNN on the binary codes. 1
Effect of Viscosity on Tear Drainage and Ocular Residence Time (2008)

A mathematical model has been developed for the drainage of Newtonian fluids and power-law fluids through canaliculi. The model can quantitatively explain different experimental observations on the effect of viscosity on the residence of instilled fluids on the ocular surface. The current study is helpful for understanding the mechanism of fluid drainage from the ocular surface and for improving the design of dry eye treatments.
Interleukin 21 Correlates with T Cell and B Cell Subset Alterations in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2012)

These findings suggest that IL-21, produced by distinct cellular CD4+ T cells, correlates with alterations of T cell and B cell subsets in SLE, and that targeting IL-21 could provide beneficial effects on both T cell and B cell alterations.
Steroid extraction in a microchannel system—mathematical modelling and experiments (2007)

The continuous ethyl acetate extraction of progesterone and 11alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, a reactant and the product of the biotransformation step involved in corticosteroid production, was studied in a microchannel at different flow velocities. In addition, non-steady state batch extraction without mixing was performed and modelled in order to verify the theoretically predicted parameters. In order to analyze experimental data and to forecast microreactor performance, a three-dimensional mathematical model with convection and diffusion terms was developed considering the velocity profile for laminar flow of two parallel phases in a microchannel at steady-state conditions. For the numerical solution of a complex equation system, non-equidistant finite differences were used. Very good agreement between model calculations and experimental data was achieved without any fitting procedure. Due to the efficient phase separation and high extraction yields obtained, the micro scale extraction units were found to be a promising tool for the development of an integrated system of 11alpha-hydroxylation of progesterone by Rhizopus nigricans in the form of pellets.
Fledgling firm targets drug discovery process (1990)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTFledgling firm targets drug discovery processRUDY BAUMCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1990, 68, 10, 10–11Publication Date (Print):March 5, 1990Publication History Published online10 November 2010Published inissue 5 March 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v068n010.p010https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v068n010.p010newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1990 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views7Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Drug discovery,Pharmaceuticals Get e-Alerts
Tunneling spectroscopy of theSi(111)2×1surface (1999)

Scanning tunneling spectroscopy has been used to observe electronic band features of the $\mathrm{Si}(111)2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1$ surface, focusing on the size of the surface-state band gap. It is shown that peak positions in the normalized conductance, $(dI/dV)/(I/V),$ which are used to characterize the tunneling spectrum, are shifted slightly towards zero volts compared to the corresponding band structure features. A corrected band gap of $0.59\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04$ eV is obtained for this surface.
Mechanical aspects of rabbit fecal dehydration (1990)

The hydrostatic pressure required to reduce the water content of rabbit feces in an odometer from greater than 80 to less than 65% was approximately 5 atm. This pressure was unaffected by raising the temperature from 20 to 37 degrees C. It became progressively more difficult to dehydrate feces as consolidation occurred, as is evident from the significant (P less than 0.001) reduction in the fecal consolidation coefficient (Co) from 1.76 +/- 0.25 X 10(-6) (n = 4) to 1.35 +/- 0.093 X 10(-7) m2/s (n = 4) and the fecal fluid permeability coefficient (k) from 4.10 +/- 0.51 X 10(-8) (n = 4) to 1.42 +/- 0.12 X 10(-10) m/s (n = 4), concomitant with the reduction in fecal water content. The results suggest that rabbit hard feces are unlikely to be produced, under physiological conditions, by mechanical pressure exerted by the wall of the colon or by a prolonged retention time of hard feces by the distal colon. The hypertonic absorbate (1,000 mosmol/kg) produced by rabbit descending colon is of sufficient magnitude to overcome the fecal resistance to dehydration.
Creating Microstructures of Luminescent Organic Thin Films Using Layer-by-Layer Assembly (1999)

Ultrathin film devices is one of the aims for the layer-by-layer assembly of charged species. These authors have used microcontact printing of self-assembled monolayers to pattern a ruthenium-based luminescent dye system on a surface (see the optical micrograph shown in the Figure). Hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions are revealed to be critical to the selectivity of this process.
ML0405 and ML2331 Are Antigens ofMycobacterium lepraewith Potential for Diagnosis of Leprosy (2006)

Despite the success of multidrug therapy in reducing the number of registered leprosy cases worldwide, evidence suggests that Mycobacterium leprae continues to be transmitted. A serological diagnostic test capable of identifying and allowing treatment of early-stage disease could reduce transmission and prevent the onset of the disability, a common complication of the disease in later stages. Serological diagnosis based on antibody recognition of phenolic glycolipid I (PGL-I) cannot reliably identify individuals with lower bacterial indices (BI). One strategy that might improve this situation is the provision of highly specific serological antigens that may be combined with PGL-I to improve the sensitivity of diagnosis. Using serological expression cloning with a serum pool of untreated lepromatous leprosy (LL) patients, we identified 14 strongly reactive M. leprae proteins, 5 of which were previously unstudied. We present results suggesting that two of these proteins, ML0405 and ML2331, demonstrate the ability to specifically identify LL/borderline lepromatous (BL) patients on the basis of immunoglobulin G (IgG) reactivity. In a household contact study, LL index cases were identified on the basis of this reactivity, while household contacts of these patients demonstrated undetectable reactivity. At a serum dilution of 1:800, suitable to reduce background PGL-I IgM reactivity, two BL patients with a BI of <4 showed anti-human polyvalent immunoglobulin G, A, and M reactivity measured with a combination of ML0405, ML2331, and natural disaccharide O-linked human serum albumin (NDOHSA) (synthetic PGL-I) that was markedly higher than IgM reactivity to NDOHSA alone. We suggest that ML0405 and ML2331 may have utility in serological leprosy diagnosis.
A PZT Insulin Pump Integrated with a Silicon Micro Needle Array for Transdermal Drug Delivery (2006)

Many of the compounds in drugs cannot be effectively delivered using current drug delivery techniques (e.g., pills and injections). Transdermal delivery is an attractive alternative, but it is limited by the extremely low permeability of the skin. Because the primary barrier to transport is located in the upper tissue, micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) technology provides novel means in terms of both micro needles array and PZT pump, with the former one to increase permeability of human skin with efficiency, safety and painless delivery, and the latter one to decrease the size of the pump. Micro needles array has many advantages, including minimal trauma at penetration site due to the small size in needle, no condition limit, painless drug delivery for penetration depth with few nerves, and precise control of penetration depth for micro needle extension length. The micro needles array drug delivery is precise, painless, effective, clean and neatness, without any inconvenience. This promotes the development of biomedical sciences and technology and makes medical devices more humanized. So far most of the insulin pump has been using mechanical pump in clinical practices. We present the first development of this novel technology which can assemble the PZT pump and the micro needles together for diabetes mellitus. The micro needle array based on a flexible substrate can be mounted on non-planar surface or even on flexible objects such as a human fingers and arms. The PZT pump can pump the precision insulin much more accurately than the mechanical pump and the overall size is much smaller than those mechanical pumps. The hollow wall straight micro needles array is fabricated on a flexible substrate by deep-reactive ion etching (DRIE) and anisotropic wet etching techniques. The fabricated hollow micro needles are 200mum in length and 30mum in diameter. The micro needle array, which may be built with on-board fluid pumps, have potential applications in the chemical and biomedical fields for localized chemical analysis, programmable drug-delivery systems, and very small, precise fluids sampling. The micro needles array has been installed in an insulin pump for demonstration and a leak free packaging is introduced
An Internetwork Authentication Architecture (1993)

Abstract : Current internet works do not have effective host-to-host authentication mechanisms. The lack of these mechanisms contributes substantially to currently widespread network security problems. Public key authentication is a good approach to providing optional authentication in internet works. An internet work authentication architecture using public key authentication technology is proposed as a possible mechanism to substantially improve the security of large internet works. Limitations of the proposed authentication architecture are also described.... Network, Authentication, Security, Digital signature, Internet