gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic Requirements for Inheritance of RNAi in C. elegans (2000)

In Caenorhabditis elegans, the introduction of double-stranded RNA triggers sequence-specific genetic interference (RNAi) that is transmitted to offspring. The inheritance properties associated with this phenomenon were examined. Transmission of the interference effect occurred through a dominant extragenic agent. The wild-type activities of the RNAi pathway genes rde-1 and rde-4 were required for the formation of this interfering agent but were not needed for interference thereafter. In contrast, the rde-2 and mut-7 genes were required downstream for interference. These findings provide evidence for germ line transmission of an extragenic sequence-specific silencing factor and implicate rde-1 and rde-4 in the formation of the inherited agent.
Photocontrolled Intramolecular Charge/Energy Transfer and Fluorescence Switching of Tetraphenylethene‐Dithienylethene‐Perylenemonoimide Triad with Donor–Bridge–Acceptor Structure (2013)

Abstract Photochromic 1,2‐dithienylethene (DTE) derivatives with a high thermal stability and fatigue resistance are appealing for optical switching of fluorescence. Here, we introduce a donor–photochromic bridge–acceptor tetraphenylethene‐dithienylethene‐perylenemonoimide (TPE‐DTE‐PMI) triad, in which TPE acts as the electron donor, PMI as the electron acceptor, and DTE as the photochromic bridge. In this system, the localized and intramolecular charge transfer emission of TPE‐DTE‐PMI with various Stokes shifts have been observed due to the photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer in different solvents. Upon UV irradiation, the fluorescence quenching resulting from photochromic fluorescence resonance energy transfer in TPE‐DTE‐PMI has been demonstrated in solution and in solid films. The fluorescence on/off switching ratio in polymethylacrylate film exceeds 100, a value much higher than in polymethylmethacrylate film, thus indicating that the fluorescence switching is dependent on matrices.
Enabling SOI-based assembly technology for three-dimensional (3d) integrated circuits (ICs) (2006)

We present solutions to the key process technology challenges of three-dimensional (3D) integrated circuits (ICs) that enable creation of stacked device layers with the shortest distance between them, the highest interconnection density and extremely aggressive wafer-to-wafer alignment. To achieve this important 3D IC technology milestone, we optimized the layer transfer process to include a glass handle wafer, oxide fusion bonding, wafer bow compensation methods, and a single damascene patterning and metallization method for creation of high-aspect-ratio (6:1 < AR < 11:1) contacts between two stacked device layers
OS Support for Virtualizing Hardware Transactional Memory (2008)

Transactional memory promises to simplify multithreaded&#13;\nprogramming. Hardware TM (HTM) implementations promise better&#13;\nperformance by augmenting processors with transactional&#13;\nstate. However, HTMs interact poorly with the operating system or&#13;\nvirtual machine monitor. For example, they often do not tolerate OS&#13;\nactions that virtualize processors and memory, such as context&#13;\nswitching and paging. Without support for these actions, an HTM may&#13;\nnot execute programs correctly or guarantee forward progress.&#13;\n&#13;\nWe investigate virtualizing transactional memory in the context of&#13;\nLogTM-SE. First, we describe an implementation of a kernel module in&#13;\nOpenSolaris that implements transactional virtualization and requires&#13;\nonly 1120 lines of code. Second, we find that LogTM-SE interacts&#13;\npoorly with virtual machine monitors due to a reliance on physical&#13;\naddresses. We propose an extension to LogTM-SE, called LogTM-VSE, that&#13;\naddresses these problems and improves context-switching&#13;\nperformance. Third, through application tracing on real hardware and&#13;\nfull system simulation, we show virtualizing transactions can be&#13;\nnecessary for system stability and to support code that voluntarily&#13;\ncontext switches. However, we find that aborting a transaction is&#13;\ngenerally faster than virtualizing it, and hence preferable in some&#13;\ncases.
Electrolytic transport through a synthetic nanometer-diameter pore (2005)

We have produced single, synthetic nanometer-diameter pores by using a tightly focused, high-energy electron beam to sputter atoms in 10-nm-thick silicon nitride membranes. Subsequently, we measured the ionic conductance as a function of time, bath concentration, and pore diameter to infer the conductivity and ionic mobility through the pores. The pore conductivity is found to be much larger than the bulk conductivity for dilute bath concentrations, where the Debye length is larger than the pore radius, whereas it is comparable with or less than the bulk for high bath concentrations. We interpret these observations by using multiscale simulations of the ion transport through the pores. Molecular dynamics is used to estimate the ion mobility, and ion transport in the pore is described by the coupled Poisson-Nernst-Planck and the Stokes equations that are solved self-consistently for the ion concentration and velocity and electrical potential. We find that the measurements are consistent with the presence of fixed negative charge in the pore wall and a reduction of the ion mobility because of the fixed charge and the ion proximity to the pore wall.
Effect of Microstructure on the Superplasticity of TiAl Based Alloy (1999)

The superplastic behavior of a Ti 46 7Al 2 2Cr(at%) alloy with two different microstructure was investigated under lower temperature(1075℃) The elongation obtained in hot deformed material (517%) was much higher than that in duplex material (333%), which shows that the initial microstructure has great influence on the superplasticity of TiAl based alloy Dislocation network is easy to form in hot deformed material during superplastic deformation because of the high density of initial dislocation and thus strengthened the material In this way, the local necking will be transformed to other area and thus the uniformity of deformation is preserved
Pseudoephenamine: A Practical Chiral Auxiliary for Asymmetric Synthesis (2012)

Unrestricted: Pseudoephenamine is introduced as a versatile chiral auxiliary and an alternative to pseudoephedrine in asymmetric synthesis. It is free from regulatory restrictions and leads to remarkable stereocontrol in alkylation reactions, especially in those that form quaternary carbon centers. Amides derived from pseudoephenamine exhibit a high propensity to be crystalline substances, and provide sharp, well-defined signals in NMR spectra.
EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES OF LATENT VIRUS INFECTIONS IN CAPTIVE MONKEYS AND BABOONS1 (1969)

From February through December 1966, a total of 365 pairs of sera were collected from rhesus and green monkeys and baboons while they were kept in captivity. Both rhesus and green monkeys showed a low rate of SV5 and parainfluenza 3 virus infections at the time of arrival at the local laboratories as determined by the neutralization tests, but showed an average conversion rate of 30% to parainfluenza 3 and 50% to SV5 during 30–90 days of quarantine. None of the 193 paired sera tested showed antibody titers to either parainfluenza 1 or parainfluenza 2. On the other hand, both rhesus and green monkeys, as well as baboons, showed a high incidence of group A influenza anti-s antibody titers, but no inhibition could be demonstrated when these sera were tested against PR8, FM1, Jap/305/57, Taiwan/1/64, and swine viruses. The specificity of the influenza A anti-s titers in monkey sera is under investigation.
Factors Affecting the Stability and Conformation of Locusta migratoria Apolipophorin III (1994)

Apolipophorin III (apoLp-III) from the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria, represents the only full-length apolipoprotein whose three-dimensional structure has been solved. In the present study, spectroscopic methods have been employed to investigate the effects of deglycosylation (via endoglycosidase F treatment) and complexation with lipid on the stability and conformation of this protein. Addition of isolated lipid-free apoLp-III to sonicated vesicles of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) resulted in the formation of relatively uniform disklike complexes with an average Strokes diameter of 13.5 nm. Flotation equilibrium experiments conducted in the analytical ultracentrifuge revealed a particle molecular mass of 588 500 Da. Chemical cross-linking and compositional analysis of apoLp-III.DMPC complexes indicated five apoLp-III molecules per disk and an overall DMPC:apoLp-III molar ratio of 122:1. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra of apoLp-III samples suggested a loss of alpha-helical structure upon deglycosylation, while complexation with DMPC did not significantly alter the helix content (estimated to be > 75%). Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the apoLp-III tryptophan fluorescence emission maximum was blue-shifted from 347 to 332 and 321 nm upon deglycosylation and complexation with DMPC, respectively. In quenching experiments with native apoLp-III, tryptophan residues were shielded from the positively charged quencher, CsCl. Increased exposure to KI, CsCl, and acrylamide was observed upon deglycosylation, whereas complexation with DMPC yielded lower Ksv values for KI and acrylamide and an increased value for CsCl versus native lipid-free apoLp-III. In guanidine hydrochloride denaturation studies monitored by CD or fluorescence, native, lipid-free apoLp-III displayed a denaturation midpoint of 0.60 M, and delta GDH2O = 5.37 kcal/mol was calculated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mode of Action and Functional Significance of Estrogen-Inducing Dendritic Growth, Spinogenesis, and Synaptogenesis in the Developing Purkinje Cell (2007)

Neurosteroids are synthesized de novo from cholesterol in the brain. To understand neurosteroid action in the brain, data on the regio- and temporal-specific synthesis of neurosteroids are needed. Recently, we identified the Purkinje cell as an active neurosteroidogenic cell. In rodents, this neuron actively produces several neurosteroids including estradiol during neonatal life, when cerebellar neuronal circuit formation occurs. Estradiol may be involved in cerebellar neuronal circuit formation through promoting neuronal growth and neuronal synaptic contact, because the Purkinje cell expresses estrogen receptor-beta (ERbeta). To test this hypothesis, in this study we examined the effects of estradiol on dendritic growth, spinogenesis, and synaptogenesis in the Purkinje cell using neonatal wild-type (WT) mice or cytochrome P450 aromatase knock-out (ArKO) mice. Administration of estradiol to neonatal WT or ArKO mice increased dendritic growth, spinogenesis, and synaptogenesis in the Purkinje cell. In contrast, WT mice treated with tamoxifen, an ER antagonist, or ArKO mice exhibited decreased Purkinje dendritic growth, spinogenesis, and synaptogenesis at the same neonatal period. To elucidate the mode of action of estradiol, we further examined the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in response to estrogen actions in the neonate. Estrogen administration to neonatal WT or ArKO mice increased the BDNF level in the cerebellum, whereas tamoxifen decreased the BDNF level in WT mice similar to ArKO mice. BDNF administration to tamoxifen-treated WT mice increased Purkinje dendritic growth. These results indicate that estradiol induces dendritic growth, spinogenesis, and synaptogenesis in the developing Purkinje cell via BDNF action during neonatal life.
Why is mannitol becoming more and more popular as a pharmaceutical excipient in solid dosage forms? (2013)

Various fillers/binders which are applied for the formulation of solid oral dosage forms are assessed for their benefits and drawbacks, including lactose, sorbitol, mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose and calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate. A focus of this work was to evaluate the application of mannitol in comparison to other common fillers/binders as it was observed that this excipient is gaining more and more attention in pharmaceutical formulation development and production. While one of the main advantages of conventional fillers/binders such as lactose, microcrystalline cellulose and calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate is their low price level, mannitol excels regarding its physicochemical characteristics such as a low hygroscopicity, a strong inertness towards both the API and the patient's body, its good compactibility and the ability to produce extremely robust tablets. Additionally, the suitability of mannitol for the emerging formulation technology of orally disintegrating tablets is pointed out. In summary, it is emphasized that the selection of the filler/binder is highly individual, depending, for example, on the preferred characteristics of the final solid dosage form, the applied API and the available budget. However, mannitol exhibits many strong advantages which can be expected to result in a more widespread application in the near future.
Sequence Haplotypes Revealed by Sequence-Tagged Site Fine Mapping of theRor1Gene in the Centromeric Region of Barley Chromosome 1H (2001)

We describe the development of polymerase chain reaction-based, sequence-tagged site (STS) markers for fine mapping of the barley (Hordeum vulgare) Ror1 gene required for broad-spectrum resistance to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei). After locating Ror1 to the centromeric region of barley chromosome 1H using a combined amplified fragment length polymorphism/restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) approach, sequences of RFLP probes from this chromosome region of barley and corresponding genome regions from the related grass species oat (Avena spp.), wheat, and Triticum monococcum were used to develop STS markers. Primers based on the RFLP probe sequences were used to polymerase chain reaction-amplify and directly sequence homologous DNA stretches from each of four parents that were used for mapping. Over 28,000 bp from 22 markers were compared. In addition to one insertion/deletion of at least 2.0 kb, 79 small unique sequence polymorphisms were observed, including 65 single nucleotide substitutions, two dinucleotide substitutions, 11 insertion/deletions, and one 5-bp/10-bp exchange. The frequency of polymorphism between any two barley lines ranged from 0.9 to 3.0 kb, and was greatest for comparisons involving an Ethiopian landrace. Haplotype structure was observed in the marker sequences over distances of several hundred basepairs. Polymorphisms in 16 STSs were used to generate genetic markers, scored by restriction enzyme digestion or by direct sequencing. Over 2,300 segregants from three populations were used in Ror1 linkage analysis, mapping Ror1 to a 0.2- to 0.5-cM marker interval. We discuss the implications of sequence haplotypes and STS markers for the generation of high-density maps in cereals.
Ultrasound-assisted reduction of cyanides to deuteriated aliphatic amines (1996)

In the presence of ultrasound various mono-, di-, and α,β-unsaturated cyanides were reduced with Cu-Al alloy in NaOD-D2O and THF to the corresponding deuteriated aliphatic amines, such as nonylamines, Putrescine, and 1,6-hexanediamine, in high deuterium content.
The developmental course of cortical processing streams in the human infant (1991)

The work of Horace Barlow, his colleagues and his students has not only made us consider the efficiency of the visual system in encoding significant properties of the visual world it has also focused attention on the question: how did the visual system get that way? Initially, the most promising approach appeared to be through experimental manipulations in the visual development of animals, and the continuing fruits of that approach can be sampled elsewhere in this volume. However, in the last decade and a half it has also been realized that human infants can tell us a great deal about the development of their visual systems, if we use the right techniques. It turns out that this development is particularly rapid over the first few months of life. One aspect of this is a quantitative improvement in many aspects of visual performance. However, there are also radical qualitative changes, which we will argue show the progressive emergence of functions of the visual cortex.
Ink4a/Arf expression is a biomarker of aging (2004)

The Ink4a/Arf locus encodes 2 tumor suppressor molecules, p16INK4a and Arf, which are principal mediators of cellular senescence. To study the links between senescence and aging in vivo, we examined Ink4a/Arf expression in rodent models of aging. We show that expression of p16INK4a and Arf markedly increases in almost all rodent tissues with advancing age, while there is little or no change in the expression of other related cell cycle inhibitors. The increase in expression is restricted to well-defined compartments within each organ studied and occurs in both epithelial and stromal cells of diverse lineages. The age-associated increase in expression of p16INK4a and Arf is attenuated in the kidney, ovary, and heart by caloric restriction, and this decrease correlates with diminished expression of an in vivo marker of senescence, as well as decreased pathology of those organs. Last, the age-related increase in Ink4a/Arf expression can be independently attributed to the expression of Ets-1, a known p16INK4a transcriptional activator, as well as unknown Ink4a/Arf coregulatory molecules. These data suggest that expression of the Ink4a/Arf tumor suppressor locus is a robust biomarker, and possible effector, of mammalian aging.
Bispecific anti-CD20/22 antibodies inhibit B-cell lymphoma proliferation by a unique mechanism of action (2007)

Combination immunotherapy with anti-CD20 and anti-CD22 mAbs shows promising activity in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Therefore, bispecific mAbs (bsAbs) were recombinantly constructed from veltuzumab (humanized anti-CD20) and epratuzumab (humanized anti-CD22) and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. While none of the parental mAbs alone or mixed had notable antiproliferative activity against Burkitt lymphoma cells when not cross-linked, the bsAbs [eg, anti-CD20 IgG-anti-CD22 (scFv)(2)] were inhibitory without cross-linking and synergistic with B-cell antigen (BCR)-mediated inhibition. The bsAbs demonstrated higher antibody-dependent cellulary cytoxicity (ADCC) activity than the parental mAbs, but not complement-dependent cytoxicity (CDC) of the parental CD20 mAb. Cross-linking both CD20 and CD22 with the bsAbs resulted in the prominent redistribution of not only CD20 but also CD22 and BCR into lipid rafts. Surprisingly, appreciable translocation of CD22 into lipid rafts was also observed after treatment with epratuzumab. Finally, the bsAbs inhibited Daudi lymphoma transplant growth, but showed a significant advantage over the parental anti-CD20 mAb only at the highest dose tested. These results suggest that recombinantly fused, complementary, bispecific, anti-CD20/22 antibodies exhibit functional features distinct from their parental antibodies, perhaps representing new candidate therapeutic molecules.
Magneto-Permeabilization of Viable Cell Membrane Using High Pulsed Magnetic Field (2015)

In this paper, we present novel experimental data of the magnetic permeabilization of the mammalian cells in high pulsed magnetic fields up to 16.4 T. Two designs of the multilayer solenoid-type pulsed inductors, which were adapted for the biological experiments, are presented. The induced electric field is analyzed using the finite-element method analysis. The experimental methodology and the pulsed magnetic field setups are overviewed. The experimental results with mouse myeloma cell line Sp2/0 in pulsed magnetic field after pulse bursts and single-pulse treatment are presented. The SYTOX Green dye was used for the estimation of the permeabilization process efficacy. It has been shown that the 16.4 T submillisecond low (c1.1 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> T/s) dB/dt magnetic field pulses do not cause any observable dye uptake changes using the proposed methodology. The short repetitive microsecond range pulses (dB/dt > 0.8 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> T/s) result in an average up to 2.6% ± 0.5% increase of the dye uptake.
Wishful search (2008)

With the emergence of Yahoo Pipes and several similar services, data mashup tools have started to gain interest of business users. Making these tools simple and accessible ton users with no or little programming experience has become a pressing issue. In this paper we introduce MARIO (Mashup Automation with Runtime Orchestration and Invocation), a new tool that radically simplifies data mashup composition. We have developed an intelligent automatic composition engine in MARIO together with a simple user interface using an intuitive "wishful search" abstraction. It thus allows users to explore the space of potentially composable data mashups and preview composition results as they iteratively refine their "wishes", i.e. mashup composition goals. It also lets users discover and make use of system capabilities without having to understand the capabilities of individual components, and instantly reflects changes made to the components by presenting an aggregate view of changed capabilities of the entire system. We describe our experience with using MARIO to compose flows of Yahoo Pipes components.
Hyperandrogenism after transfer of topical testosterone gel: case report and review of published and unpublished studies (2008)

Topically applied testosterone gels are a widely used mode of testosterone replacement therapy. A concern associated with the use of testosterone gel is unintentional transfer to children or women by skin contact with the application site. We present a case of female hyperandrogenism most likely caused by transfer of testosterone gel used by her partner. Additionally, we searched the computerized database PUBMED and the FDA medical reviews for case reports and clinical trials concerning transfer risk. Several case reports and the results of clinical trials indicate that transfer of testosterone from gel-treated males to women and children is possible and clinically relevant. Thus, the potential of testosterone transfer in gel users should be recognized as a possible side effect of this form of testosterone replacement therapy.
Trinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the human intestinal fatty acid binding protein gene (FABP2) (1990)

Probe pDX 15 contains a unique 2 kb human DNA fragment subcloned into the EcoRI site of pBS + (Stratagene Inc.).This subclone was derived from a X library obtained from Los Alamos National Laboratory (LA15NS03).Polymorphism: MspI identifies a 2-allele polymorphism: A1: 5.71 kb A2: 4
Recurrent Neural Network for Learning DenseDepth and Ego-Motion from Video (2018)

Learning-based, single-view depth estimation often generalizes poorly to unseen datasets. While learning-based, two-frame depth estimation solves this problem to some extent by learning to match features across frames, it performs poorly at large depth where the uncertainty is high. There exists few learning-based, multi-view depth estimation methods. In this paper, we present a learning-based, multi-view dense depth map and ego-motion estimation method that uses Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN). Our model is designed for 3D reconstruction from video where the input frames are temporally correlated. It is generalizable to single- or two-view dense depth estimation. Compared to recent single- or two-view CNN-based depth estimation methods, our model leverages more views and achieves more accurate results, especially at large distances. Our method produces superior results to the state-of-the-art learning-based, single- or two-view depth estimation methods on both indoor and outdoor benchmark datasets. We also demonstrate that our method can even work on extremely difficult sequences, such as endoscopic video, where none of the assumptions (static scene, constant lighting, Lambertian reflection, etc.) from traditional 3D reconstruction methods hold.