gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wall following using angle information measured by a single ultrasonic transducer (2002)

Conventional wall following with an ultrasonic sensor uses only range data to the nearest reflecting point. However, the bearing angle information to the wall is more useful for a wall following motion. In this paper, we propose a simple wall following algorithm, where the robot moves perpendicular to the direction to the nearest reflecting point. Also, in conventional ultrasonic pulse-echo sensing, an accurate target bearing measurement is often regarded as difficult due to the wide directivity of ultrasonic transducers. However, by assuming that the ultrasonic echo returns from a single direction, the bearing angle can be measured. A new sensing method is also proposed to determine accurately the bearing angle to the reflecting point by a single ultrasonic transducer. This paper also presents experimental results from mobile robot wall following experiments using only bearing information measured by a single ultrasonic transducer. These experiments illustrate the effectiveness of proposed method.
Single-copy Gene Detection Using Branched DNA (bDNA) In Situ Hybridization (2001)

We have developed a branched DNA in situ hybridization (bDNA ISH) method for detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in whole cells. Using human cervical cancer cell lines with known copies of HPV DNA, we show that the bDNA ISH method is highly sensitive, detecting as few as one or two copies of HPV DNA per cell. By modifying sample pretreatment, viral mRNA or DNA sequences can be detected using the same set of oligonucleotide probes. In experiments performed on mixed populations of cells, the bDNA ISH method is highly specific and can distinguish cells with HPV-16 from cells with HPV-18 DNA. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the bDNA ISH method provides precise localization, yielding positive signals retained within the subcellular compartments in which the target nucleic acid sequences are localized. As an effective and convenient means for nucleic acid detection, the bDNA ISH method is applicable to the detection of cancers and infectious agents. (J Histochem Cytochem 49:603-611, 2001)
The Triterpenoid CDDO-Me Inhibits Bleomycin-Induced Lung Inflammation and Fibrosis (2013)

Pulmonary Fibrosis (PF) is a devastating progressive disease in which normal lung structure and function is compromised by scarring. Lung fibrosis can be caused by thoracic radiation, injury from chemotherapy and systemic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis that involve inflammatory responses. CDDO-Me (Methyl 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)dien-28-oate, Bardoxolone methyl) is a novel triterpenoid with anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory properties as shown by our in vitro studies. Based on this evidence, we hypothesized that CDDO-Me would reduce lung inflammation, fibrosis and lung function impairment in a bleomycin model of lung injury and fibrosis. To test this hypothesis, mice received bleomycin via oropharyngeal aspiration (OA) on day zero and CDDO-Me during the inflammatory phase from days -1 to 9 every other day. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were harvested on day 7 to evaluate inflammation, while fibrosis and lung function were evaluated on day 21. On day 7, CDDO-Me reduced total BALF protein by 50%, alveolar macrophage infiltration by 40%, neutrophil infiltration by 90% (p≤0.01), inhibited production of the inflammatory cytokines KC and IL-6 by over 90% (p≤0.001), and excess production of the pro-fibrotic cytokine TGFβ by 50%. CDDO-Me also inhibited α-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin mRNA by 50% (p≤0.05). On day 21, CDDO-Me treatment reduced histological fibrosis, collagen deposition and αSMA production. Lung function was significantly improved at day 21 by treatment with CDDO-Me, as demonstrated by respiratory rate and dynamic compliance. These new findings reveal that CDDO-Me exhibits potent anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory properties in vivo. CDDO-Me is a potential new class of drugs to arrest inflammation and ameliorate fibrosis in patients who are predisposed to lung injury and fibrosis incited by cancer treatments (e.g. chemotherapy and radiation) and by systemic autoimmune diseases.
Identification of differentially expressed genes in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma by microarray expression profiling. (2006)

The majority of identified differentially expressed genes in cutaneous SCC were previously not described.
Loss tangent imaging: Theory and simulations of repulsive-mode tapping atomic force microscopy (2012)

An expression for loss tangent measurement of a surface in amplitude modulation atomic force microscopy is derived using only the cantilever phase and the normalized cantilever amplitude. This provides a direct measurement of substrate compositional information that only requires tuning of the cantilever resonance to provide quantitative information. Furthermore, the loss tangent expression incorporates both the lost and stored energy into one term that represents a fundamental interpretation of the phase signal in amplitude modulation imaging. Numerical solutions of a cantilever tip interacting with a simple Voigt modeled surface agree with the derived loss tangent to within a few percent.
Evidence for novel susceptibility genes for late-onset Alzheimer's disease from a genome-wide association study of putative functional variants (2007)

This study sets out to identify novel susceptibility genes for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) in a powerful set of samples from the UK and USA (1808 LOAD cases and 2062 controls). Allele frequencies of 17 343 gene-based putative functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were tested for association with LOAD in a discovery case-control sample from the UK. A tiered strategy was used to follow-up significant variants from the discovery sample in four independent sample sets. Here, we report the identification of several candidate SNPs that show significant association with LOAD. Three of the identified markers are located on chromosome 19 (meta-analysis: full sample P = 6.94E - 81 to 0.0001), close to the APOE gene and exhibit linkage disequilibrium (LD) with the APOEepsilon4 and epsilon2/3 variants (0.09 < D'<1). Two of the three SNPs can be regarded as study-wide significant (expected number of false positives reaching the observed significance level less than 0.05 per study). Sixteen additional SNPs show evidence for association with LOAD [P = 0.0010-0.00006; odds ratio (OR) = 1.07-1.45], several of which map to known linkage regions, biological candidate genes and novel genes. Four SNPs not in LD with APOE show a false positive rate of less than 2 per study, one of which shows study-wide suggestive evidence taking account of 17 343 tests. This is a missense mutation in the galanin-like peptide precursor gene (P = 0.00005, OR = 1.2, false positive rate = 0.87).
Practical Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure β2-Amino Acids via Proline-Catalyzed Diastereoselective Aminomethylation of Aldehydes (2007)

Proline-catalyzed diastereoselective aminomethylation of aldehydes using a chiral iminium ion, generated from a readily prepared precursor, provides alpha-substituted-beta-amino aldehydes with 85:15 to 90:10 dr. The alpha-substituted-beta-amino aldehydes can be reduced to beta-substituted-gamma-amino alcohols, the major diastereomer of which can be isolated via crystallization or column chromatography. The amino alcohols are efficiently transformed to protected beta2-amino acids, which are valuable building blocks for beta-peptides, natural products, and other interesting molecules. Because conditions for the aminomethylation and subsequent reactions are mild, beta2-amino acid derivatives with protected functional groups in the side chain, such as beta2-homoglutamic acid, beta2-homotyrosine, and beta2-homolysine, can be prepared in this way. The synthetic route is short, and purifications are simple; therefore, this method enables the preparation of protected beta2-amino acids in useful quantities.
Ferrocenyl Derivatives with One, Two, or Three Sulfur-Containing Arms for Self-Assembled Monolayer Formation (2000)

Self-assembled monolayers of electroactive molecules can form on gold electrodes if the molecules include a sulfur-containing group to coordinate with the gold surface. We have prepared a molecule with a tripod of sulfur groups that has the potential of fixing the geometry of the molecule relative to the gold surface. The target (3) contained the good one-electron donor ferrocene connected through a benzene spacer to an isobutane tripod, with each arm of the tripod ending in a methylthio group. Analogous compounds with one (1) and two (2) coordinating arms were also prepared.
Location of Food Sources by Subterranean Termites (1980)

Chihuahuan desert subterranean termites, Gnathamitermes tubiformans (Buckley) and Amitermes wheeleri (Desneux) readily located surface foods but failed to utilize buried foods of the same type. The termites attacked both natural cowdung pats and artificial(polyurethane) cowdung pats at the same rate as estimated by holes chewed through plastic film barriers placed between the soil and both kinds of pats. There was smaller diel excursion of temperatures in the upper 20 cm of soil under dungpats than in the soil not under dung. We suggest that desert subterranean termites locate relatively large size surface foods such as cattle dung and Yucca sp. logs by sensing the thermal shadows cast by such items.
Off-the-shelf T-cell therapy (2010)

In this issue of Blood , Barker et al demonstrate that third-party non-neonatal T cells specific for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can be safely used to treat EBV-associated disease after allogeneic umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation (UCBT).[1][1] This is made possible by the a priori generation
Compliance With Medication Regimens for Mental and Physical Disorders (1998)

Compliance with medication regimens among patients with psychiatric disorders may be lower than among patients with physical disorders. However, the difference may be largely attributable to the methods used for estimating compliance. The findings suggest the need for new and improved methods for monitoring compliance and increasing patients' compliance with pharmacotherapy.
Sample stacking revisited: A personal perspective (2003)

One of the major challenges in capillary electrophoresis and other miniaturization separation techniques is to maintain high detection sensitivity in the increasingly smaller dimension. Numerous on-column sample preconcentrating procedures, based either on electrokinetic focusing or chromatographic effects, have been developed. This review will discuss some practical approaches to sample stacking from a personal perspective. Several recent developments in sample stacking on microfluidic devices are reviewed.
Preparation and Analysis of Glycan Microarrays (2011)

Determination of the binding specificity of glycan-binding proteins (GBPs), such as lectins, antibodies, and receptors, has traditionally been difficult and laborious. The advent of glycan microarrays has revolutionized the field of glycobiology by allowing simultaneous screening of a GBP for interactions with a large set of glycans in a single format. This unit describes the theory and method for production of two types of glycan microarrays (chemo/enzymatically synthesized and naturally derived), and their application to functional glycomics to explore glycan recognition by GBPs. These procedures are amenable to various types of arrays and a wide range of GBP samples.
Plasma phentermine levels, weight loss and side-effects. (1983)

Fifty women with refractory obesity received phentermine resinate. Seven were withdrawn because of side-effects: three developed severe headaches, one each hypertension, depressive symptoms, breathlessness and palpitations with irritability. The mean weight loss in the 34 who completed the 20-week study was 6.4 kg. Nine lost 10 kg or more. Sustained appetite suppression was related to weight loss. Plasma phentermine concentrations did not correlate with the severity of the obesity problem, the degree of subjective anorexia or with weight loss. Poor initial response to standard dosage of phentermine is unlikely to improve with higher dosage. The individual's response to phentermine is unpredictable and appears to relate to factors other than the plasma drug concentration.
The factor Xa-catalyzed activation of factor V. (1983)

Factor V appears to be a procofactor with, at best, 1/400 the activity of fully activated Factor V (Factor Va). The proteolytic conversion of Factor V to Factor Va is catalyzed by thrombin. However, since Factor Va activity is required for thrombin generation, the initial participation of Factor V in the expression of prothrombinase activity is not well understood. In the present study, the activation of Factor V by Factor Xa has been investigated. Cofactor activation was assessed by monitoring the conversion of prethrombin-1 to thrombin in the presence of 5-dimethylamino-naphthalene-1-sulfonylarginine-N-(3-ethyl-1,5-pentanediyl)amide (DAPA). The DAPA not only provided a fluorescent signal for the formation of thrombin, but also attenuated the feedback activation of Factor V by thrombin. Trace quantities of Factor Va were removed from the Factor V preparations by immunoadsorption with immobilized murine monoclonal antibodies selective for Factor Va. The incubation of Factor V with Factor Xa in the presence of phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylserine vesicles, CaCl2, and DAPA resulted in a time-dependent increase in cofactor activity. Phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylserine vesicles were not absolutely required, but the rate of Factor V activation was significantly enhanced by inclusion of the vesicles. The activation was absolutely dependent upon Factor Xa and was eliminated by immunoadsorption of the Factor Xa preparation with a murine anti-Factor X (Xa) monoclonal antibody coupled to agarose. The activation was not affected by immunoadsorption of the Factor Xa and Factor V preparations with burro polyclonal anti-prothrombin IgG. Most of the products of the Factor Xa activation of Factor V differ from the products derived by the thrombin-catalyzed activation of the procofactor. The results demonstrate that Factor Xa catalyzes the activation of Factor V. Furthermore, these studies suggest that the Factor Xa activation of Factor V may be responsible for the advent of early prothrombinase activity.
Low-power secure body area network for vital sensors toward IEEE802.15.6 (2009)

Many healthcare/medical services have started using personal area networks, such as Bluetooth and ZigBee; these networks consist of various types of vital sensors. These works focus on generalized functions for sensor networks that expect enough battery capacity and low-power CPU/RF (Radio Frequency) modules, but less attention to easy-to-use privacy protection. In this paper, we propose a commercially-deployable secure body area network (S-BAN) with reduced computational burden on a real sensor that has limited RAM/ROM sizes and CPU/RF power consumption under a light-weight battery. Our proposed S-BAN provides vital data ordering among sensors that are involved in an S-BAN and also provides low-power networking with zero-administration security by automatic private key generation. We design and implement the power-efficient media access control (MAC) with resource-constraint security in sensors. Then, we evaluate the power efficiency of the S-BAN consisting of small sensors, such as an accessory type ECG and ring-type SpO2. The evaluation of power efficiency of the S-BAN using real sensors convinces us in deploying S-BAN and will also help us in providing feedbacks to the IEEE802.15.6 MAC, which will be the standard for BANs.
Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: focus on lasofoxifene (2010)

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) represent a class with a growing number of compounds that act as either estrogen receptor agonists or antagonists in a tissue-specific manner. This article reviews lasofoxifene, a new-generation SERM that has completed phase III development for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Consistent with preclinical observations, this new SERM demonstrated improved skeletal efficacy over raloxifene and at an oral dose of 0.5 mg/day was effective in the prevention of both vertebral and nonvertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. At the same dosage, lasofoxifene treatment also reduced estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer risk and the occurrence of vaginal atrophy, but, like the other SERMs, was associated with hot flushes and an increased risk of venous thromboembolic events. With its increased efficacy on the prevention of nonvertebral fractures than current available SERMs and its positive effects on the vagina, this new compound may represent an alternative and cost-effective therapy for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
Genetic Regulation of Tomato Fruit Ripening1 (1978)

Abstract Ripening is a dramatic event in the development of many fleshy fruits. Tomato ripening involves a number of chemical and physical changes which convert the fruit from a relatively inedible state to one of optimal quality (2, 19). These changes appear to be highly synchronized, as evidenced by the fact that respiratory patterns, rate of ethylene production, carotene development, and flavor and textural changes normally associated with the ripening process, occur in close succession during the relatively short period in which the fruit ripens (2, 22). The association of these changes with seed maturation supports the popular view that ripening is of adaptive significance in seed dispersal by rendering fruit attractive to animals responsible for dispersal.
A Framework for Composing High-Performance OpenCL from Python Descriptions (2014)

Parallel processors have become ubiquitous; most programmers today have access to parallel hardware such as multi-core processors and graphics processors. This has created an implementation gap, where efficiency programmers with knowledge of hardware details can attain high performance by exploiting parallel hardware, while productivity programmers with application-level knowledge may not understand low-level performance trade-offs. Ideally, we would like to be able to write programs in productivity languages such as Python or MATLAB, and achieve performance comparable to the best hand-tuned code.One approach toward achieving this ideal is to write libraries that get high efficiency on certain operations, and call these libraries from the productivity environment. We propose a framework that addresses two problems with this approach: that it fails to fuse operations for efficiency, and that it may not consider runtime information such as shapes and sizes of data structures. With our framework, efficiency programmers write and/or generate customized OpenCL snippets at runtime and the framework automatically fuses, compiles, and executes these operations based on a Python description.We evaluate the framework with case studies of two very different applications: space-time adaptive radar processing and optical flow. For a space-time adaptive radar processing application, our framework's implementation is competitive with a hand-coded implementation that uses a vendor-optimized library. For optical flow, a computer vision application, the framework achieves frame rates that are between 0.5x and 0.97x hand-coded OpenCL performance.
Insects did it first: a micropatterned adhesive tape for robotic applications (2007)

Based on the structural and experimental studies of more than 300 insect species from different lineages, we have developed and characterized a bioinspired polymer material with the ability of multiple glue-free bonding and debonding. The material surface is covered with a pattern of microstructures, which resembles the geometry of tenent hairs previously described from the feet of flies, beetles, earwigs and other insects. The tape with such a microstructure pattern demonstrates at least two times higher pull-off force per unit apparent contact area compared to the flat polymer. Additionally, the tape is less sensitive to contamination by dust particles than a commercially available pressure-sensitive adhesive tape. Even if the 'insect tape' is contaminated, it can be washed with a soap solution in water, in order to completely recover its adhesive properties. We have successfully applied the tape to the 120 g wall-climbing robot Mini-Whegs. Furthermore, the tape can be used for multiple adhering of objects to glass surfaces or as a protective tape for sensitive glass surfaces of optical quality. Another area of potential applications is gripping and manipulation of objects with smooth surfaces.
Chaotic mixing induced by a magnetic chain in a rotating magnetic field (2007)

Chaotic mixing, induced by breakup and reformation of a magnetic chain under the influence of a rotating magnetic field, is studied. A direct simulation method combining the Maxwell stress tensor and a fictitious domain method is employed to solve flows with suspended magnetic particles. The motion of the chain is significantly dependent on the Mason number (Ma), the ratio of viscous force to magnetic force. The degree of chaos is characterized by the maximum Lyapunov exponents. We also track the interface of two fluids in time and calculate the rate of stretching as it is affected by the Mason number. The progress of mixing is visualized via a tracer particle-tracking method and is characterized by the discrete intensity of segregation. Within a limited range of Mason number, a magnetic chain rotates and breaks into smaller chains, and the detached chains connect again to form a single chain. The repeating topological changes of the chain lead to the most efficient way of chaotic mixing by stretching at chain breakup and folding due to rotational flows.
An antarctic psychrotrophic bacterium Halomonas sp. ANT-3b, growing on n-hexadecane, produces a new emulsyfying glycolipid (2004)

A bacterial strain ANT-3b was isolated at the sea-ice seawater interface from Terra Nova Bay station, Ross Sea, Antarctica. It was isolated on mineral medium supplemented with 2% diesel fuel as a sole carbon and energy source and grown routinely on 2% n-hexadecane. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence indicates that the strain has 99.8% sequence similarity with Halomonas neptunia. The strain ANT-3b was grown in mineral medium supplemented with n-hexadecane between 4 and 20 degrees C, but not at 30 degrees C. The maximum degradation rate of the n-alkane was measured at 15 degrees C, with 5.6+/-1.7 mg O2 microg(-1) protein d(-1). The strain ANT-3b produced emulsifying compounds when grown on n-hexadecane, but not on mineral medium supplemented with D-fructose. A preliminary characterisation of the emulsifier was carried out. The lipid moiety contained a mixture of fatty acids with a following composition in molar ratio: caprylic acid 18.85, myristic acid 1.0, palmitic acid 9.68, palmitoleic acid 5.69 and oleic acid 1.26. The polysaccharide moiety also contained a mixture of sugars with the following molar ratio: mannose 1.71, galactose 1.00 and glucose 2.96. The molecular weight of the glycolipid component determined by gel permeation chromatography was in the 18 kDa range and contained smaller fragments, possibly oligomeric contaminants. Transmission electron microscopy showed contact between the glycolipid secreted by the strain and n-hexadecane broken down to nanodroplets at the water interface, to form a material with mesophase (liquid crystal) organisation.
Leptin--A Growth Factor in Normal and Malignant Breast Cells and for Normal Mammary Gland Development (2002)

Leptin appears to be able to control the proliferation of both normal and malignant breast epithelial cells. Consequently, the leptin pathway should be further studied as a target for interventions to treat or prevent breast cancer.