gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A systematic analysis of the spectra of trivalent actinide chlorides in D sub 3h site symmetry (1989)

The optical spectra of actinide ions in the compound AnCl{sub 3} and doped into single crystal LaCl{sub 3} were interpreted in terms of transitions within 5f{sup N} configurations. Energy-level calculations were carried out using an effective operator Hamiltonian, the parameters of which were determined by fitting experimental data. Atomic and crystal-field matrices were diagonalized simultaneously assuming an approximate D{sub 3h} site symmetry. The spectroscopic data were taken from the literature but in most cases supplemented by unpublished measurements in absorption and in fluorescence. Spectroscopic data for each ion were analyzed independently, then the model parameters were intercompared and in many cases adjusted such that in the final fitting process the principal interactions showed uniform trends in parameter values with increasing atomic number. Consistent with analyses of the spectra of lanthanide ions in both LaCl{sub 3} and LaF{sub 3}, abrupt changes in magnitude of certain crystal-field parameters were found near the center of the 5f{sup N}-series. This resulted in two groups of parameter values, but with consistent trends for both halves of the series, and generally very good agreement between observed and computed energies. A new energy level chart based on computed crystal-field level energies for each trivalent actinide ion has been prepared. in addition, the parameters of the atomic part of each 5f{sup N} Hamiltonian were used to calculate the matrix elements of U{sup ({lambda})} for selected transitions. The values were tabulated to facilitate calculation of intensity-related parameters for 5f{sup N}-transitions using the Judd-Ofelt theory. 44 refs., 10 figs., 3 tabs.
Hafnium–phosphinimide complexes (2009)

A series of phosphinimide complexes of Hf are prepared and characterized. Reaction of the phosphinimine t-Bu 3 PNH with Hf(NEt 2 ) 4 gave (t-Bu 3 PN)Hf(NEt 2 ) 3 (1) but this species was not readily converted to the corresponding HfCl 3 -derivative. The reaction of 2 equiv. of t-Bu 3 PNH with Hf(NEt 2 ) 4 , however, gave (t-Bu 3 PN) 2 Hf(NEt 2 ) 2 (2), which was readily converted to (t-Bu 3 PN) 2 HfCl 2 (3) and (t-Bu 3 PN) 2 HfMe 2 (4). Employing t-Bu 3 PNLi and HfCl 4 afforded (t-Bu 3 PN) 3 HfCl (5) while reaction with CpHfCl 3 gave rise to ligand redistribution reactions affording (t-Bu 3 PN) 2 HfCl 2 and Cp 2 HfCl 2 . However, Cp(t-Bu 3 PN) 2 HfCl (7) was prepared by treating (t-Bu 3 PN) 2 HfCl 2 with CpNa. The related species of Cp 2 (t-Bu 3 PN)HfCl (8) was synthesized by the reaction of Cp 2 HfCl 2 and t-Bu 3 PNLi. Ligand redistribution was avoided in the reaction of Cp*HfCl 3 as Cp*(t-Bu 3 PN)HfCl 2 (9) and Cp*(i-Pr 3 PN)HfCl 2 (10) were readily obtained and derivatized as Cp*(t-Bu 3 PN)Hf(NMe 2 ) 2 (11) and Cp*(t-Bu 3 PN)HfMe 2 (12), respectively. Similarly, ((Me 3 Si) 2 C 5 H 3 )(t-Bu 3 PN)HfCl 2 (13) was converted to ((Me 3 Si) 2 C 5 H 3 )(t-Bu 3 PN)HfMe 2 (14). Reactions with Lewis acid activators were used to prepare Cp*(t-Bu 3 PN)HfMe(THF)MeB(C 6 F 5 ) 3 (15), (Cp*(t-Bu 3 PN)HfMe)(B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ) (16), and (t-Bu 3 PN) 2 Hf(H 2 B(C 6 F 5 ) 2 ) 2 (17). Preliminary testing of 3, 9, and 13 in ethylene polymerization is reported. Compounds 3, 4, 7, 9, and 17 are characterized crystallographically.
Role of Glutathione in the Regulation of Cisplatin Resistance in Cancer Chemotherapy (2010)

Three mechanisms have been proposed for the role of glutathione (GSH) in regulating cisplatin (CDDP) sensitivities that affects its ultimate cell-killing ability: (i) GSH may serve as a cofactor in facilitating multidrug resistance protein 2- (MRP2-) mediated CDDP efflux in mammalian cells, since MRP2-transfected cells were shown to confer CDDP resistance; (ii) GSH may serve as a redox-regulating cytoprotector based on the observations that many CDDP-resistant cells overexpress GSH and γ-glutamylcysteine synthesis (γ-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme for GSH biosynthesis; (iii) GSH may function as a copper (Cu) chelator. Elevated GSH expression depletes the cellular bioavailable Cu pool, resulting in upregulation of the high-affinity Cu transporter (hCtr1) which is also a CDDP transporter. This has been demonstrated that overexpression of GSH by transfection with γ-GCS conferred sensitization to CDDP toxicity. This review describes how these three models were developed and critically reviews their importance to overall CDDP cytotoxicity in cancer cell treatments.
InlB: an invasion protein of Listeria monocytogenes with a novel type of surface association (1997)

Listeria monocytogenes is an intracellular bacterial pathogen that expresses several surface proteins critical for the infectious process. Such proteins include InlA (internalin) and InlB, involved in bacterial entry into the host cell, and ActA, required for bacterially induced actin-based motility. Although the molecular mechanisms of attachment of InlA and ActA have been characterized, essentially nothing is known about how InlB is anchored to the bacterial surface. Using a genetic approach, we demonstrate that the last 232 amino acids of InlB are both necessary and sufficient for anchoring this protein to the bacterial surface. An InlB mutant protein deleted for the last 232 amino acids was secreted and not detected at the cell surface. A 'domain-swapping' strategy in which these 232 amino acids were used to replace the normal cell wall-anchoring domain of InlA resulted in a chimeric protein that was anchored to the cell surface and able to confer entry. Interestingly, surface association of InlB also occurred when InlB was added externally to bacteria, suggesting that association may be able to occur after secretion. This association was productive for invasion, as it conferred bacterial entry into host cells. The C-terminal anchoring region in InlB contains 80-amino-acid repeats beginning with the sequence GW that is also present in a newly identified surface-associated bacteriolysin of L. monocytogenes, called Ami. Addition of GW repeats to the C-terminal of InlB improves anchoring of the protein to the cell surface. These and other data suggest that such 'GW' repeats may constitute a novel motif for cell-surface anchoring in Listeria and other Gram-positive bacteria. This motif may have important consequences for the release of surface proteins involved in interactions with eukaryotic cells.
Gene for an immunoglobulin-binding protein from a group G streptococcus (1986)

The gene (spg) for an immunoglobulin G (IgG)-binding protein from a Streptococcus clinical isolate of Lancefield group G was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The complete nucleotide sequence of the gene and 5'-flanking sequences was determined. The DNA sequence includes an open reading frame which encodes a hypothetical protein of 448 amino acid residues (Mr = 47,595). The 5' end of this open reading frame encodes a sequence resembling a typical secretion signal sequence, and the remainder of the encoded protein has features reminiscent of staphylococcal protein A and of streptococcal M6 protein, including repeated sequences and a similar C-terminal structure. Aside from this C-terminal structure, the encoded protein has little direct amino acid sequence homology to either protein A or M6 protein. In E. coli, the cloned gene directs the synthesis of a protein which binds to immunoglobulins, including rabbit immunoglobulin, goat IgG, and human IgG3(lambda). Its binding properties are similar to those of the protein G described by Björck and Kronvall (L. Björck and G. Kronvall, J. Immunol. 133:969-974, 1984), a type III Fc receptor from a group G streptococcus.
Virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Susceptibility to Peroxidative Killing Systems (1978)

At sub-bactericidal concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, Mycobacterium tuberculosis was killed by hydrogen peroxide/peroxidase/halide microbicidal systems. The halide cofactor could be either iodide or, with much lower efficiency, chloride. Omission of any one of the reactants eliminated the tuberculocidal effect. Differences in susceptibility between different strains of M. tuberculosis did not correlate with virulence differences. The observations are discussed in the context of host defence mechanisms against tuberculosis.
Practical feature subset selection for machine learning (1998)

Machine learning algorithms automatically extract knowledge from machine readable information. Unfortunately, their success is usually dependant on the quality of the data that they operate on. If the data is inadequate, or contains extraneous and irrelevant information, machine learning algorithms may produce less accurate and less understandable results, or may fail to discover anything of use at all. Feature subset selection can result in enhanced performance, a reduced hypothesis search space, and, in some cases, reduced storage requirement. This paper describes a new feature selection algorithm that uses a correlation based heuristic to determine the “goodness” of feature subsets, and evaluates its effectiveness with three common machine learning algorithms. Experiments using a number of standard machine learning data sets are presented. Feature subset selection gave significant improvement for all three algorithms
Multilayer neural-net robot controller with guaranteed tracking performance (1996)

A multilayer neural-net (NN) controller for a general serial-link rigid robot arm is developed. The structure of the NN controller is derived using a filtered error/passivity approach. No off-line learning phase is needed for the proposed NN controller and the weights are easily initialized. The nonlinear nature of the NN, plus NN functional reconstruction inaccuracies and robot disturbances, mean that the standard delta rule using backpropagation tuning does not suffice for closed-loop dynamic control. Novel online weight tuning algorithms, including correction terms to the delta rule plus an added robust signal, guarantee bounded tracking errors as well as bounded NN weights. Specific bounds are determined, and the tracking error bound can be made arbitrarily small by increasing a certain feedback gain. The correction terms involve a second-order forward-propagated wave in the backpropagation network. New NN properties including the notions of a passive NN, a dissipative NN, and a robust NN are introduced.
Angiogenesis by fibroblast growth factor 4 is mediated through an autocrine up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression. (1997)

The infection of normal mouse mammary EF43 cells by a retroviral vector carrying either Fgf-3 (EF43.Fgf-3) or Fgf-4 (EF43.Fgf-4) cDNA resulted in the transformation of cells displaying different tumorigenic potentials in nude mice (A. Hajitou and C-M. Calberg-Bacq, Int. J. Cancer, 63: 702-709, 1995). EF43.Fgf-4 produced rapidly developing tumors at all sites of inoculation, whereas EF43.Fgf-3 produced slowly growing tumors only in the mammary fat pad. Cells infected with the vector carrying the selection gene alone (EF43.C) were not tumorigenic. The angiogenic properties of these cells were tested in an in vitro angiogenesis model using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured at the surface of a type I collagen gel and their capacity to form tube-like structures on invasion of the gel. Only the conditioned medium (CM) of EF43.Fgf-4 induced an angiogenic morphotype in HUVECs. In parallel, the mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 and c-ETS-1 was increased in the HUVECs displaying a differentiated phenotype, whereas the tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 mRNA level was decreased. Recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF-4) did not induce an angiogenic phenotype in HUVECs by itself. By Western blot analysis, a high expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was detected in the EF43.Fgf-4 CM. This result was confirmed by Northern blot analysis of total RNA extracted from the three cell types; the steady-state level of VEGF mRNA was low and equivalent in EF43.C and EF43.Fgf-3, whereas it was strongly increased in EF43.Fgf-4. Culturing EF43 cells carrying only the selection gene with increasing concentrations of recombinant human FGF-4 resulted in a dose-dependent stimulation of VEGF. The induction of the angiogenic morphotype and the parallel modulations of the biosynthetic phenotype in HUVECs were completely suppressed by adding a neutralizing antibody directed against VEGF to EF43.Fgf-4 CM. Furthermore, inhibition of protein kinase C by bisindoylmaleimide suppressed the angiogenic phenotype induced by the CM of EF43.Fgf-4. Our results point to an indirect angiogenic activity of FGF-4 through the autocrine induction of VEGF secretion by EF43.Fgf-4 cells, an original signaling pathway that might be significant in tumor progression and metastasis.
High-level expression of a cloned HLA heavy chain gene introduced into mouse cells on a bovine papillomavirus vector. (1984)

A gene encoding the heavy chain of an HLA human histocompatibility antigen was isolated from a library of human DNA by recombination and selection in vivo. After insertion into a bovine papillomavirus (BPV) DNA expression vector, the gene was introduced into cultured mouse cells. Cells transformed with the HLA-BPV plasmids did not appear to contain extrachromosomal viral DNA, whereas BPV recombinants usually replicated as plasmids in transformed cell lines. Large amounts of HLA RNA were produced by the transformed cells, and the rate of synthesis of human heavy chain was several-fold higher than in the JY cell line, a well-characterized human lymphoblastoid cell line which expresses high levels of surface HLA antigen. Substantial amounts of human heavy chain accumulated in the transformed cells, and HLA antigen was present at the cell surface. These observations establish the feasibility of using BPV vectors to study the structure and function of HLA antigens and the expression of cloned HLA genes.
Arrhythmia detection by dual-chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillatorsA review of current algorithms (2004)

This article reviews the arrhythmia detection criteria currently available in dual-chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), and describes the implementation and performance of various detection algorithms. Nearly all criteria implemented in single-chamber devices appear to have been included in dual-chamber ICDs. However, two different strategies can be distinguished: the first adds dual-chamber inhibition criteria to a single-chamber detection configuration; the second is a new approach entirely based on a dual-chamber detection scheme. Despite widely available clinical data, an analysis of the implemented detection indexes, arrhythmia characteristics (induced vs spontaneous, minimum duration), device programming (detection rate, programme maintenance and tuning during follow-up), and different storage capabilities among various ICD models, leaves the results of these studies ultimately ambiguous. New algorithms are under study, but only protocols using a single set of arrhythmias and the same programming for all devices may allow relevant comparisons of the performances of detection algorithms. Furthermore, a criterion is required to distinguish reliably between haemodynamically stable and unstable tachycardias, not simply based on rate, but including the underlying cardiac function.
Phospholipid transfer protein: full-length cDNA and amino acid sequence in maize. Amino acid sequence homologies between plant phospholipid transfer proteins. (1988)

We have determined the primary structure of a phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) isolated from maize seeds. This protein consists of 93 amino acids and shows internal homology originating in the repetition of (do)decapeptides. By using antibodies against maize PLTP, we have isolated from a cDNA library one positive clone (6B6) which corresponds to the incomplete nucleotide sequence. Another cDNA clone (9C2) was obtained by screening a size-selected library with 6B6. Clone 9C2 (822 base pairs) corresponds to the full-length cDNA of the phospholipid-transfer protein whose mRNA contains 0.8 kilobase. Southern blot analysis shows that the maize genome may contain several PLTP genes. In addition, the deduced amino acid sequence of clone 9C2 reveals the presence of a signal peptide. The significance of this signal peptide (27 amino acids) might be related to the function of the phospholipid-transfer protein. The amino acid sequence of maize PLTP was compared to those isolated from spinach leaves or castor bean seeds which exhibit physicochemical properties close to those of the maize protein. A high homology was observed between the three sequences. Three domains can be distinguished: a highly charged central core (around 40-60), a very hydrophobic N-terminal sequence characteristic of polypeptide-membrane interaction, and a hydrophilic C terminus. A model for plant phospholipid-transfer proteins is proposed in which the phospholipid molecule is embedded within the protein with its polar moiety interacting with the central hydrophilic core of the protein, whereas the N-terminal region plunges within the membrane in the transfer process.
The fractal random array (1986)

A novel method of random array synthesis is presented. This new method relies on the application of the underlying self-similarity inherent in random fractals to the problem of antenna array theory. Several examples demonstrate the synthesis procedure and its usefulness in producing robust, low sidelobe arrays.
Ranibizumab Combined With Verteporfin Photodynamic Therapy in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2006)

At 12 months, 90.5% of the ranibizumab-treated patients and 67.9% of the control patients had lost fewer than 15 letters (P<.001). The most frequent ranibizumab-associated serious ocular adverse events were intraocular inflammation (11.4%) and endophthalmitis (1.9%; 4.8% if including presumed cases). On average, patients with serious inflammation had better visual acuity outcomes at 12 months than did controls. Key serious nonocular adverse events included myocardial infarctions in the PDT-alone group (3.6%) and cerebrovascular accidents in the ranibizumab-treated group (3.8%). CONCLUSION/APPLICATION TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Ranibizumab + PDT was more efficacious than PDT alone for treating neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Although ranibizumab treatment increased the risk of serious intraocular inflammation, affected patients, on average, still experienced visual acuity benefit.
Expression of a chimeric polygalacturonase gene in transgenic rin (ripening inhibitor) tomato fruit results in polyuronide degradation but not fruit softening. (1989)

Tomato fruit ripening is accompanied by extensive degradation of pectic cell wall components. This is thought to be due to the action of a single enzyme, polygalacturonase, whose activity is controlled, at least in part, at the level of gene expression. At the onset of tomato fruit ripening, polygalacturonase enzyme activity, mRNA levels, and relative rate of gene transcription all increase dramatically. To elucidate the role of polygalacturonase during tomato fruit ripening, we utilized a pleiotropic genetic mutation, rin, that blocks many aspects of ripening, including the activation of polygalacturonase gene transcription. The polygalacturonase structural gene was ligated to a promoter that is inducible in mature rin fruit and inserted into the fruit genome, and plants were regenerated. This allowed expression of the polygalacturonase gene in transgenic rin fruit at a time corresponding to ripening in wild-type fruit. Expression of this gene resulted in the accumulation of active polygalacturonase enzyme and the degradation of cell wall polyuronides in transgenic rin fruit. However, no significant effect on fruit softening, ethylene evolution, or color development was detected. These results indicate that polygalacturonase is the primary determinant of cell wall polyuronide degradation, but suggest that this degradation is not sufficient for the induction of softening, elevated rates of ethylene biosynthesis, or lycopene accumulation in rin fruit.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation by Freeze-Dried Oral Capsules for Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection (2016)

To the Editor—Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a highly effective therapy for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) [1]. However, the methods of administration used most frequently—colonoscopy, nasoduodenal infusion, and enema—are inconvenient for patients and healthcare facilities. Thus, recent demonstrations that FMT can be administered via oral capsules and as a frozen preparation have been important advances [2–5]. Louie et al [4] formulated fresh stool suspensions from related donors into oral capsules and Youngster et al [5] capsulized frozen suspensions from unrelated donors, both with success rates of 90% or higher with 1 or 2 treatments. We postulated that freeze-dried fecal material delivered via oral capsules would provide similar efficacy while providing greater stability and palatability. Beginning in February 2015, we incorporated this method of preparation into the FMT programs at MetroHealth Medical Center and the Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Subsequently, another center has reported successful treatment of 1 patient by FMT with freeze-dried capsules [6]. Here, we report our experience testing viability of freeze-dried fecal material and treating 20 patients with recurrent CDI by FMT via freeze-dried oral capsules. The Institutional Review Boards of the Cleveland VA Medical Center and MetroHealth Medical Center deemed the study to be exempt from review because it was a case series describing routine patient management.
Nanoindentation Hardness Tests Using a Point Contact Microscope (1994)

The Point Contact Microscope (PCM), developed in NTT’s Kaneko Research Laboratory, is used to conduct hardness tests on polycarbonate and gold at indentation depths in the range of about 5-100 nm. Different diamond indenters, which are attached to single leaf springs of various stiffnesses, are used to study the effects of tip radius and apex angle on the measured hardness values. The indentation depth versus force and hardness versus force relations for various tip conditions are examined. It is found that the hardness value obtained increases for small values of indentation load and approaches a tip-independent value for larger loads. The hardness is sensitive to the indentation force and tip radius in the limit of small indentation depths. In this case, a standard indenter and a fixed load should be used to compare the hardnesses of different materials. The effect of the apex angle on the hardness is relatively insignificant.
Indole-3-carbinol prevents cervical cancer in human papilloma virus type 16 (HPV16) transgenic mice. (1999)

Mice that express transgenes for human papillomavirus type 16 under a keratin 14 promoter (K14-HPV16 mice) develop cervical cancer when they are given 17beta-estradiol chronically. We asked whether the antiestrogenic phytochemical indole-3-carbinol (I3C), found in cruciferous vegetables, administered at physiological doses, would prevent the cervical-vaginal cancer that is promoted in these mice by high doses of estrogen. We compared mice that were fed a control diet with those that were fed a diet supplemented with 2000 ppm I3C. In the group fed the control diet, at a dose of estradiol of 0.125 mg per 60-day release, 19 of 25 transgenic mice developed cervical-vaginal cancer within 6 months, and the remainder had dysplasia. Only 2 mice of 24 in the group fed the I3C supplemented diet developed cancer, and the remainder had dysplasia or hyperplasia. I3C reduced dysplasia in the nontransgenic mice. Similar results were obtained at a higher dose of estradiol (0.250 mg per 60-day release), and I3C helped to prevent morbidity associated with retention of fluid in the bladder that frequently occurred with the higher estradiol dose. Additionally, I3C appeared to reduce skin cancer in transgenic mice. These data indicate that I3C is a useful preventive for cervical-vaginal cancer and, possibly, other cancers with a papillomavirus component.