gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of c-myc, a cellular homolog of the oncogene (v-myc) of avian myelocytomatosis virus strain 29 (1982)

The chicken genome contains nucleotide sequences homologous to transforming genes (oncogenes) of a number of avian retroviruses. We have isolated chicken DNA (c-myc) that is homologous to the oncogene (v-myc) of the avian myelocytomatosis virus MC29 and have compared the structures of the cellular and viral genes. Results from restriction endonuclease mapping of c-myc and from analysis of heteroduplexes between the DNAs of the cellular and viral genes show that c-myc is homologous to 1,500 nucleotides in v-myc DNA. This homologous region is interrupted in c-myc by an intron-like sequence of 1,100 nucleotides which is absent from v-myc. Nuclear RNA from normal chicken cells contains at least five species of transcripts from c-myc ranging from 2.5 to 6.5 kilobases in length. By contrast, cytoplasm contains only the 2.5-kilobase c-myc RNA. These features of the c-myc gene and its nuclear transcripts are characteristic of normal cellular genes and suggest that the myc gene is of cellular rather than viral origin. The exons in c-myc may define two functional domains in the gene and may therefore facilitate the dissection of the different oncogenic potentials of the MC29 virus.
Retesting the childhood-onset GH-deficient patient (2008)

GH deficiency (GHD) in adults has to be shown by a single provocative test, provided that it is validated. Insulin tolerance test (ITT) has been indicated as the test of choice; now also glucagon test is validated and represents an alternative. The GHRH plus arginine (ARG) test and testing with GHRH plus a GH secretagogue are equally reliable diagnostic tools, and are now considered as 'golden' standards as ITT. Childhood-onset (CO) GHD needs retesting in late adolescence or young adulthood; this is a major clinical challenge and raises questions about the most appropriate method and cut-off value. Appropriate re-evaluation of GH status is represented by simple measurement of IGF1 concentration off rhGH treatment. Clearly, low IGF1 levels are evidence of persistent severe GHD in subjects with genetic GHD or panhypopituitarism. However, normal IGF1 levels never rule out severe GHD and CO-GHD with normal IGF1 levels must undergo a provocative test. The appropriate GH cut-off limit is specific for each provocative test. As shown by the ROC curve analysis, in late adolescents and young adults, the lowest normal GH peak response to ITT is 6.1 microg/l while that to GHRH+ARG test is 19.0 microg/l. These cut-off limits, however, are just indicative as being variable as a function of the assay used. No other test is validated for retesting. As GHRH+ARG test mostly explores the GH-releasable pool, normal GH response would be verified by a second ITT in order to rule out subtle hypothalamic defect.
The length of treatment determines whether IFN-beta prevents or aggravates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats (1996)

The mechanism of action underlying the beneficial effect of IFN-beta in multiple sclerosis (MS) is not understood. To date, little information is available on the effects of IFN-beta in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal correlate of the human disease MS. Therefore, we investigated the effects of recombinant rat IFN-beta (rrIFN-beta) on EAE in Lewis rats with emphasis on a treatment regimen during the paralytic phase of the disease. The results indicated that rrIFN-beta dose-dependently inhibited disease activity with complete prevention at a s.c. dose of 300,000 U/day, provided that treatment was continued for 3 wk. Discontinuation of treatment on day 17 postimmunization resulted in a protracted and relapsing disease course with strongly enhanced clinical severity. Detailed immunohistology of central nervous system (CNS) tissue of protected animals revealed an almost complete absence of CNS lesions and a >90% reduction in the number of infiltrating leukocytes. Accordingly, isolation of mononuclear cells from spinal cord tissue of successfully treated EAE rats revealed a reduction of approximately 95% in the number of cells that produce IFN-gamma in response to the encephalitogenic peptide MBP63-88. Furthermore, rrIFN-beta significantly enhanced serum corticosterone levels, which showed an inverse relationship with disease activity. We show that rrIFN-beta can have both beneficial and detrimental effects on disease activity dependent on the timing and the duration of treatment. Beneficial effects on EAE are associated with inhibition of the extravasation of blood-derived mononuclear cells in the CNS.
Speech Encoding by a Stack Algorithm (1980)

A metric-first tree coding algorithm, similar to the stack algorithm, is used to encode voiced speech. From experimental evidence, it is shown how to optimize the algorithm's performance with respect to the algorithm's storage, execution time, and number of tree branches searched per symbol released as output. For each of these, the optimal parameterizing of the algorithm differs markedly. Similarities are pointed out between our results for speech and earlier theoretical results for the binary i.i.d, source with Hamming distortion measure. Comparisons to the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</tex> algorithm are made.
The effect of choice of sterilisation method on the biocompatibility and biodegradability of SIS (small intestinal submucosa) (2005)

SIS (small intestinal submucosa) is a 3D extracellular matrix (ECM) material of porcine origin. It has a complex composition predominantly composed of collagen type I. SIS is rapidly absorbed, supports early and abundant new vessel growth, and serves as a template for the reconstructive remodelling of several body tissues. Currently SIS products are sterilised using ethylene oxide, gamma irradiation and e-beam irradiation. It is not known how they affect the materials properties such as structure, mechanical strength and biocompatibility. This study investigated the influence of each sterilisation method on the biocompatibility and biodegradation of SIS using L929 mouse fibroblasts. SIS samples were sterilised by each of the above methods under standard conditions. The samples were subjected to hydrolytic degradation conditions for specific periods of time. All sterilisation methods resulted in an increase in the rate of sample degradation. The study indicated that over time e-beam irradiation caused the greatest % weight loss. Applying sample extracts to L929 mouse fibroblasts assessed the biocompatibility of the degradation products. The % cellular protein and % metabolic activity were then assessed using the BCA assay and MTT assay, respectively. All SIS samples caused an increase in both cellular protein production and metabolic activity. Initially samples sterilised by ETO had the greatest effect but this decreased after 28 days. Unsterile samples were found to have a slower more prolonged influence. It is thought that the components released may include extractable growth factors and further studies are required to confirm this.
Oesophageal thermal tube for intraoperative hypothermia in liver transplantation (1993)

In order to prevent the occurrence of major hypothermia during liver transplantation, with its deleterious effects on intraoperative cardiovascular activity and on postoperative graft functioning, this study evaluated the benefit of an oesophageal rewarmer, used during surgery, in addition to the usual methods of warming (OR temperature at 22 degrees C, rewarming of fluids and blood, heating mattress, heat and moisture exchanger). We compared 10 patients with an oesophageal rewarmer (OeR group) to 10 patients without (Control group). The anaesthetic procedure was similar in all cases. Rectal (RT) and pulmonary artery (PT) temperatures were recorded during the three phases of surgery (pre-anhepatic, anhepatic, postanhepatic phase) and their time course was analysed with non-parametric tests. The two groups were comparable with regard to duration of surgery, blood and fluid requirements and veno-venous bypass flow rate. The RT decreased similarly in both groups, but was significantly higher in the OeR group at peritoneum closure (P < 0.01). The PT was higher in the OeR group after onset of venous shunting (P < 0.05) and during the third phase of surgery (P < 0.01). Three incidents (one leakage and two herniations of the latex tube) occurred, without detrimental effects on the patients. It is concluded that the oesophageal heat exchanger allows better rewarming after revascularization of the graft, but is unable to prevent cardiac hypothermia at unclamping.
Peer Reviewed: Investigating Protein Structure and Dynamics by Hydrogen Exchange MS (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVFeatureNEXTPeer Reviewed: Investigating Protein Structure and Dynamics by Hydrogen Exchange MSA powerful new approach that goes beyond deciphering protein structures.John R. Engen and David L. SmithCite this: Anal. Chem. 2001, 73, 9, 256 A–265 APublication Date (Web):May 1, 2001Publication History Published online1 May 2001Published inissue 1 May 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac012452fhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ac012452fnewsACS Publications. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views2995Altmetric-Citations190LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (99 MB) Get e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Hydrogen,Protein dynamics,Protein structure,Structural dynamics Get e-Alerts
Deletions in the genomes of pseudorabies virus vaccine strains and existence of four isomers of the genomes (1984)

As part of a study designed to identify the genes responsible for the virulence of pseudorabies virus, we have mapped the genomes of two independently derived vaccine strains (Bartha and Norden) by restriction enzyme analysis. The structures of these genomes have been compared with that of the genome of a laboratory strain previously mapped, of restriction fragments which had been cloned. The genome of the Bartha strain was found to be very similar to that of other pseudorabies virus strains, except that a deletion of approximately 2.7 X 10(6) daltons was found in the unique short (US) region. This deletion was also observed in the genome of the Norden vaccine strain but was not observed in the genomes of any other pseudorabies virus strains that have been studied (more than 20). The genome of the Norden strain differs from that of other pseudorabies virus strains in several other respects as well. The most important difference is that in contrast to all other pseudorabies virus strains analyzed to date, which contain a type 2 herpesvirus DNA molecule (in which the US region only inverts itself relative to the unique long [UL] region), the genome of the Norden strain is a type 3 molecule in which both the US and the UL regions of the genome invert themselves, giving rise to four isomeric forms of the genome. The ability of the UL region to invert itself is probably related to the fact that a sequence normally present in all other pseudorabies virus strains at the end of the UL only is found also in inverted form at the junction of the UL and the internal inverted repeat in the Norden strain.
Temperature‐induced selective death of the C‐domain within angiotensin‐converting enzyme molecule (2002)

Somatic angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) consists of two homologous domains, each domain bearing a catalytic site. Differential scanning calorimetry of the enzyme revealed two distinct thermal transitions with melting points at 55.3 and 70.5 degrees C. which corresponded to denaturation of C- and N-domains, respectively. Different heat stability of the domains underlies the methods of acquiring either single active N-domain or active N-domain with inactive C-domain within parent somatic ACE. Selective denaturation of C-domain supports the hypothesis of independent folding of the two domains within the ACE molecule. Modeling of ACE secondary structure revealed the difference in predicted structures of the two domains, which, in turn, allowed suggestion of the region 29-133 in amino acid sequence of the N-part of the molecule as responsible for thermostability of the N-domain.
Dynamic reversible adhesives based on crosslinking network via Schiff base and Michael addition (2022)

It is of practical interest to obtain polymers with complex material properties in a simplified synthetic manner for a broader range of practical applications. In this work, we constructed a dynamic reversible adhesive based on branched polyamine (PA) and <i>p</i>-formylphenyl acrylate (FPA) by simultaneously performing Michael addition reaction and Schiff base reaction. Branched polyamines provide a large number of amino groups as reaction sites that can react with both carbon-carbon double bonds and aldehyde groups. This enables the branched polymeric adhesive system to have a large number of Schiff base bonds within it, an important property of Schiff base bonds is that they are dynamically reversible. This allows us to prepare adhesives with hyperbranched crosslinking networks and recycling properties, and we have verified that FPA-PA adhesives do not exhibit significant fatigue after multiple recycling through the gluing-destruction-gluing process. The resulting FPA-PA adhesives produce tough bonding on multi-substrates such as steel, aluminum, glass, PVC, PTFE, birch and moso bamboo, which exhibited by lap shear strength of 2.4 MPa, 1.7 MPa, 1.4 MPa, 1.3 MPa, 0.4 MPa, 1.6 MPa, and 1.8 MPa, respectively. The feasibility of the synthesis idea of simultaneous Michael addition reaction and Schiff base reaction was demonstrated, as well as the excellent performance and great application potential of FPA-PA adhesives to be recyclable on multi-substrates.
Replica plating and indirect selection of bacterial mutants: isolation of preadaptive mutants in bacteria by sib selection. (1989)

Commentaires critiques et historiques sur la methode de replication par placage pour l'obtention de bacteries mutantes et sur la selection parentale
Molecular cloning and characterization of prostase, an androgen-regulated serine protease with prostate-restricted expression (1999)

The identification of genes with selective expression in specific organs or cell types provides an entry point for understanding biological processes that occur uniquely within a particular tissue. Using a subtraction approach designed to identify genes preferentially expressed in specific tissues, we have identified prostase, a human serine protease with prostate-restricted expression. The prostase cDNA encodes a putative 254-aa polypeptide with a conserved serine protease catalytic triad and an amino-terminal pre-propeptide sequence, indicating a potential secretory function. The genomic sequence comprises five exons and four introns and contains multiple copies of a chromosome 19q-specific minisatellite repeat. Northern analysis indicates that prostase mRNA is expressed in hormonally responsive normal and neoplastic prostate epithelial tissues, but not in prostate stromal constituents. Prostase shares 35% amino acid identity with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and 78% identity with the porcine enamel matrix serine proteinase 1, an enzyme involved in enamel matrix degradation and with a putative role in the disruption of intercellular junctions. Radiation-hybrid-panel mapping localized prostase to chromosome 19q13, a region containing several other serine proteases, including protease M, pancreatic/renal kallikrein hK1, and the prostate-specific kallikreins hK2 and hK3 (PSA). The sequence homology between prostase and other well-characterized serine proteases suggests several potential functional roles for the prostase protein that include the degradation of extracellular matrix and the activation of PSA and other proteases.
Benzobisthiazole−Thiophene Copolymer Semiconductors: Synthesis, Enhanced Stability, Field-Effect Transistors, and Efficient Solar Cells (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTBenzobisthiazole−Thiophene Copolymer Semiconductors: Synthesis, Enhanced Stability, Field-Effect Transistors, and Efficient Solar CellsEilaf Ahmed, Felix S. Kim, Hao Xin, and Samson A. Jenekhe*View Author Information Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Macromolecules 2009, 42, 22, 8615–8618Publication Date (Web):November 3, 2009Publication History Received14 July 2009Revised29 August 2009Published online3 November 2009Published inissue 24 November 2009https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma9015278https://doi.org/10.1021/ma9015278rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3616Altmetric-Citations104LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Mobility,Polymers,Semiconductors,Solar cells,Thin films Get e-Alerts
Distinct Effects of STAT5 Activation on CD4+ and CD8+ T Cell Homeostasis: Development of CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells versus CD8+ Memory T Cells (2003)

Using transgenic mice that express a constitutively active version of STAT5b, we demonstrate that STAT5 plays a key role in governing B cell development and T cell homeostasis. STAT5 activation leads to a 10-fold increase in pro-B, but not pro-T, cells. Conversely, STAT5 signaling promotes the expansion of mature alphabeta T cells (6-fold increase) and gammadelta and NK T cells (3- to 4-fold increase), but not of mature B cells. In addition, STAT5 activation has dramatically divergent effects on CD8(+) vs CD4(+) T cells, leading to the selective expansion of CD8(+) memory-like T cells and CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells. These results establish that activation of STAT5 is the primary mechanism underlying both IL-7/IL-15-dependent homeostatic proliferation of naive and memory CD8(+) T cells and IL-2-dependent development of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells.
Onapristone (ONA) in progesterone receptor (PR)-expressing tumors: Efficacy and biomarker results of a dose-escalation phase 1 study. (2015)

5593 Background: ONA is a type I PR antagonist, which prevents PR-induced DNA transcription. Immediate release (IR) 100 mg ONA was active in multiple preclinical models and in patients (pts) with breast cancer (BC). We conducted a phase 1 study of extended release (ER) ONA to (i) determine a recommended dose and (ii) explore the role of transcriptionally-activated PR (APR), detected as an aggregated subnuclear distribution pattern, as a predictive immunohistochemical (IHC) biomarker. Methods: An open-label, multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, phase 1 study (target n=48; NCT02052128) included female pts ≥18 years with PRpostumors. APR analysis was performed on archival tumor tissue. Pts were randomized to 5 cohorts of ER ONA tablets 10-50 mg BID, or IR 100 mg QD until progressive disease or intolerability. This abstract reports the APR IHC analysis and clinical benefit (PR/SD≥24 wks). Results: Phase 1 is complete (n=52). Tumors (n) were: endometrial carcinoma (EC) 13; breast cancer (BC) 20; ovarian cancer (OC) 13; other 6. Median age was 66 (37-85). No dose limiting toxicity was observed with only transient liver function test elevation, mostly related to liver metastases. PRpos/APRpostumors (n/n) were: EC 11/6, BC 8/3, OC 5/1, other 2/0 and 8 pts (6 BC) had missing/non evaluable IHC. Median therapy duration was 8 wks (range 2-44), and 8 pts had clinical benefit ≥24 weeks (see Table). Conclusions: Clinical benefit was seen in heavily-pretreated pts with EC, OC and BC. Data support ongoing ONA development at 50mg ER BID in APRpos uterine endometrioid cancer with clinical validation of the APR diagnostic. Meanwhile, further development of APR IHC is needed in OC and BC. Clinical trial information: NCT02052128.Response and stable disease for ≥24 weeks. Tumor type PR % retest APR status #Prior Rx Dur-n Prior Rx months Mets Dose Response % change STL Dur-n (wks) Serous OC 0 Neg 3 8 LN 10 PR -52 40 Serous OC 0 Neg 4 6.5 LN 50 SD -7 34 Granulosa OC A: 20 B: 20 Neg 2 5 Liver, peritoneal 40 SD -24 24 Granulosa OC A: 80 B: 70 Neg 4 6 Liver, peritoneal spleen 30 SD +5 32 EC A: 80 B: 60 Pos 2 3 Lung, bone 30 SD -13 30+ EC A: 60 B: 70 Pos 2 6.5 Pelvis, lung 20 SD +5 32 BC A: 50 B: 50 Neg 2 +3H 11 Liver, bone 50 SD -7 32+ BC A: 60 B: 40 Pos 2 +3H 6.5 Liver, bone 40 SD -10 24
Acidic glutathione S-transferases of rat testis (1985)

In most organs of the rat the predominant forms of glutathione S-transferase have alkaline (greater than 7.0) pI values. In contrast, in the cytosol from rat testes almost 50% of the transferase activity is due to isoenzymes with acidic (less than 7.0) pI values. We have purified three acidic forms of glutathione S-transferase from rat testis cytosol. One form accounted for more than 90% of the enzymic activity in the acidic fraction. This major form was a homodimer of a new subunit, termed Yt. This subunit had an electrophoretic mobility that was different from the subunits that form the alkaline transferases. In addition, functional and immunological studies were consistent with the unique nature of the Yt subunit. The two minor acidic enzymes of rat testis appeared to be heterodimers of the Yt subunit and a subunit with an electrophoretic mobility identical with that of the Yb subunit present in some alkaline enzymes.
Assessment of Human Atherosclerotic Carotid Plaque Components with Multisequence MR Imaging: Initial Experience (2005)

This study demonstrates the potential of a systematic approach of atherosclerotic plaque assessment with multisequence MR imaging by using the information provided from five different MR weightings in a stepwise logistic regression model.
Graphene based optoelectronics (2014)

Recent progress on graphene-based optoelectronic devices for generating, detecting, guiding, routing, modulating, and beam-forming IR-waves is reviewed and discussed. Owed to its extraordinary electronic, thermal, and optical properties, integrability, and low cost, graphene results attractive for a myriad of applications.