gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Evaluation of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Reconstruction With Bicuspid Valved Polytetrafluoroethylene Conduit (2010)

Conduits available for right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) reconstruction eventually become stenotic and/or insufficient due to calcification. In order to reduce the incidence of reoperations we have developed and used a bicuspid valved polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) conduit for the RVOT reconstruction. The purpose of this study is to investigate the hemodynamic performance of the new design using a pediatric in vitro right heart mock loop. PTFE conduit has been used for the complete biventricular repair of 20 patients (age 1.7±6 years) with cyanotic congenital defects. To account for the large variability of conduit sizes, 14, 16, 22, and 24-mm conduit sizes were evaluated using an in vitro flow loop comprised of a pulsatile pump with cardiac output (CO) of 1.2-3.2L/min, bicuspid valved RVOT conduit, pulmonary artery, venous compartments, and the flow visualization setup. We recorded the diastolic valve leakage and pre- and post-conduit pressures in static and pulsatile settings. In vitro valve function and overall hemodynamic performance was evaluated using high-speed cameras and ultrasonic flow probes. Three-dimensional flow fields for different in vivo conduit curvatures and inflow regimes were calculated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis to further aid the conduit design process. The average pressure drop over the valved conduits was 0.8±1.7mm Hg for the CO range tested. Typical values for regurgitant fraction, peak-to-peak pressure gradient, and effective office area were 23±2.1%, 13±2.4mm Hg, and 1.56±0.2 cm(2) , respectively. High-speed videos captured the intact valve motion with asymmetrical valve opening during the systole. CFD simulations demonstrated the flow skewness toward the major curvature of the conduit based on the pulmonic curvature. In vitro evaluation of the bicuspid valved PTFE conduit coincides well with acceptable early clinical performance (mild insufficiency), with relatively low pressure drop, and intact valve motion independent from the conduit curvature, orientation or valve location, but at the expense of increased diastolic flow regurgitation. These findings benchmark the baseline performance of the bicuspid valved conduit and will be used for future designs to improve valve competency.
MoS2transistors with 1-nanometer gate lengths (2016)

Scaling of silicon (Si) transistors is predicted to fail below 5-nanometer (nm) gate lengths because of severe short channel effects. As an alternative to Si, certain layered semiconductors are attractive for their atomically uniform thickness down to a monolayer, lower dielectric constants, larger band gaps, and heavier carrier effective mass. Here, we demonstrate molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>) transistors with a 1-nm physical gate length using a single-walled carbon nanotube as the gate electrode. These ultrashort devices exhibit excellent switching characteristics with near ideal subthreshold swing of ~65 millivolts per decade and an On/Off current ratio of ~10<sup>6</sup> Simulations show an effective channel length of ~3.9 nm in the Off state and ~1 nm in the On state.
Effectiveness of Ecteinascidin-743 against drug-sensitive and -resistant bone tumor cells. (2002)

Overall, these results encourage the inclusion of this drug in the treatment of patients with bone tumors, although a careful design of new regimens is required to identify the best therapeutic conditions.
First epidermal growth factor-like domain of human blood coagulation factor IX is required for its activation by factor VIIa/tissue factor but not by factor XIa. (1994)

Factor IX consists of a gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-rich domain followed by two epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains and the C-terminal protease domain. To delineate the function of EGF1 domain in factor IX, we constructed three mutants: an EGF1 domain-deleted mutant (IX delta EGF1), a point mutant (IXQ50P) with a Gln-50-->Pro change, and a replacement mutant (IXPCEGF1) in which the EGF1 domain of factor IX was replaced by that of protein C. These mutants and wild-type (WT) factor IX (IXWT) were expressed in 293 kidney cells by using pRc/CMV vector. The purified proteins had the same gamma-carboxyglutamic acid content as the normal plasma factor IX (IXNP) and were activated normally by factor XIa-Ca2+. In contrast, IX delta EGF1 could not be activated by factor VIIa-tissue factor-Ca2+, and the activation of IXPCEGF1 in this system was markedly slow; however, IXQ50P was activated at a normal rate. In additional studies, both IXWT and IX delta EGF1 were rapidly converted to their respective IX alpha forms by factor Xa-phospholipid-Ca2+. Since this reaction has an absolute requirement for phospholipid, it indicates that the mutants under study are not impaired in their interactions with phospholipid. Relative coagulant activities of factor XIa-activated proteins were IXNP, 100%; IXWT, 75-85%; IX delta EGF1, < or = 1%; IXPCEGF1, < or = 2%; and IXQ50P, 6-10%. We conclude that the EGF1 domain of factor IX is required for its activation by factor VIIa-tissue factor and that the Gln-50 residue is not critical for this activation. Further, the EGF1 domain of factor IX is not essential for phospholipid binding and for its activation by factor XIa. In addition, the low coagulant activities of the activated mutants indicate that the EGF1 domain is also important in factor X activation by factor IXa-factor VIIIa-Ca(2+)-phospholipid complex.
A distinct cytoplasmic domain of CD2 regulates ligand avidity and T-cell responsiveness to antigen. (1992)

The T-cell glycoprotein CD2 not only contributes to intercellular adhesion but also plays a direct role in T-cell activation. Here we demonstrate that the interaction of CD2 with its ligand lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 (CD58) is regulated by T-cell receptor-CD3 signaling. T-cell receptor-CD3 crosslinking by specific antigen or monoclonal antibodies rapidly increases the avidity with which cell-surface CD2 binds immunoaffinity-purified CD58. Mutational analysis of the CD2 cytoplasmic domain demonstrates that the carboxyl-terminal asparagine is essential for T-cell receptor-induced changes in CD2 avidity but is not essential for CD2-mediated signaling, establishing that the cytoplasmic portion of CD2 consists of distinct functional domains. Furthermore, cell lines expressing CD2 molecules incapable of avidity regulation exhibit a marked deficiency in an antigen-specific response. Thus, the regulation of CD2 adhesiveness has a profound effect on the ability of CD2 to enhance antigen responsiveness. These observations demonstrate that adhesion strengthening resulting from increased CD2 avidity contributes directly to T-cell responsiveness independently of CD2-mediated signal transduction.
Highly Diastereoselective Multicomponent Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Imidazolines (2002)

We report here a highly diastereoselective multicomponent synthesis of imidazolines. These low molecular weight scaffolds contain a four-point diversity applicable to alkyl, aryl, acyl, and hetereocyclic substitutions. [structure: see text]
Enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-decarbamoylsaxitoxin (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnantioselective total synthesis of (-)-decarbamoylsaxitoxinChang Yong Hong and Yoshito KishiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 18, 7001–7006Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00044a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00044a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views801Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of dietary and environmental risk factors for hyperthyroidism in cats (2000)

Results suggest that cats that prefer to eat certain flavors of canned cat food may have a significantly increased risk of hyperthyroidism.
Limitations of the Kerberos authentication system (1990)

The Kerberos authentication system, a part of MIT's Project Athena, has been adopted by other organizations. Despite Kerberos's many strengths, it has a number of limitations and some weaknesses. Some are due to specifics of the MIT environment; others represent deficiencies in the protocol design. We discuss a number of such problems, and present solutions to some of them. We also demonstrate how special-purpose cryptographic hardware may be needed in some cases.
Processing of Transforming Growth Factor β1 Precursor by Human Furin Convertase (1995)

Proteolytic processing of the transforming growth factor beta precursor (pro-TGF beta) is an essential step in the formation of the biologically active TGF beta homodimeric protein (TGF beta). The 361-amino-acid precursor pro-TGF beta 1 has within its primary structure the R-H-R-R processing signal found in many constitutively secreted precursor proteins and potentially recognized by members of the mammalian convertase family of endoproteases. To determine whether cleavage of pro-TGF beta 1 can be achieved by the furin convertase in vitro, purified precursor was incubated in the presence of a truncated/secreted form of the enzyme. Immunoblots showed that the 55-kDa pro-TGF beta 1 was converted into the 44 and 12.5 kDa bands corresponding to the pro-region and the mature monomer, respectively. Treatment of pro-TGF beta 1 with furin resulted in a 5-fold increase in the production of biologically active TGF beta 1. Furthermore, when expressed in the furin-deficient LoVo cells, no processing of pro-TGF beta 1 was observed. In contrast, efficient processing was observed when pro-TGF beta was coexpressed with the furin convertase. Collectively, these results provide evidence that in our experimental systems the TGF beta 1 precursor is efficiently and correctly processed by human furin thus permitting release of the biologically active peptide.
The Extraneural Distribution of γ‐Hydroxybutyrate (1981)

gamma-Hydroxybutyrate has been found to be widely distributed in both neural and extraneural tissues in the rat. The kidney and brown fat have more than 10 times higher concentrations of gamma-hydroxybutyrate than does the brain. This observation suggests that gamma-hydroxybutyrate may participate in the metabolism of many organs, and that GABA may not be the precursor in extraneural tissues.
Searching for early breast cancer biomarkers by serum protein profiling of pre-diagnostic serum; a nested case-control study (2011)

We show that serum protein profiles are already altered up to three years before breast cancer detection.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some 5‐Substituted Indoles. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Simultaneous A8344G heteroplasmy and mitochondrial DNA copy number quantification in Myoclonus Epilepsy and Ragged-Red Fibers (MERRF) syndrome by a multiplex Molecular Beacon based real-time fluorescence PCR (2001)

The association of a particular mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation with different clinical phenotypes is a well-known feature of mitochondrial diseases. A simple genotype-phenotype correlation has not been found between mutation load and disease expression. Tissue and intercellular mosaicism as well as mtDNA copy number are thought to be responsible for the different clinical phenotypes. As disease expression of mitochondrial tRNA mutations is mostly in postmitotic tissues, studies to elucidate disease mechanisms need to be performed on patient material. Heteroplasmy quantitation and copy number estimation using small patient biopsy samples has not been reported before, mainly due to technical restrictions. In order to resolve this problem, we have developed a robust assay that utilizes Molecular Beacons to accurately quantify heteroplasmy levels and determine mtDNA copy number in small samples carrying the A8344G tRNA(Lys) mutation. It provides the methodological basis to investigate the role of heteroplasmy and mtDNA copy number in determining the clinical phenotypes.
Hypercholesterolemia is associated with a T helper (Th) 1/Th2 switch of the autoimmune response in atherosclerotic apo E-knockout mice. (1998)

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory-fibrotic response to accumulation of cholesterol in the artery wall. In hypercholesterolemia, low density lipoproteins (LDL) accumulate and are oxidized to proinflammatory compounds in the arterial intima, leading to activation of endothelial cells, macrophages, and T lymphocytes. We have studied immune cell activation and the autoimmune response to oxidized LDL in atherosclerotic apo E-knockout mice. Autoantibodies to oxidized LDL exhibited subclass specificities indicative of T cell help, and the increase in antibody titers in peripheral blood was associated with increased numbers of cytokine-expressing T cells in the spleen. In addition to T cell-dependent antibodies, IgM antibodies to oxidized LDL were also increased in apo E-knockout mice. This suggests that both T cell-dependent and T cell-independent epitopes may be present on oxidized LDL. In moderate hypercholesterolemia, IgG antibodies were largely of the IgG2a isotype, suggesting that T cell help was provided by proinflammatory T helper (Th) 1 cells, which are prominent components of atherosclerotic lesions. In severe hypercholesterolemia induced by cholesterol feeding of apo E-knockout mice, a switch to Th2-dependent help was evident. It was associated with a loss of IFN-gamma-producing Th1 cells in the spleen, whereas IL-4-producing Th2 cells were more resistant to hypercholesterolemia. IFN-gamma but not IL-4 mRNA was detected in atherosclerotic lesions of moderately hypercholesterolemic apo E-knockout mice, but IL-4 mRNA appeared in the lesions when mice were made severely hypercholesterolemic by cholesterol feeding. These data show that IFN-gamma-producing Th1 cells infiltrate atherosclerotic lesions and provide T cell help for autoimmune responses to oxidized LDL in apo E-knockout mice. However, severe hypercholesterolemia is associated with a switch from Th1 to Th2, which results not only in the formation of IgG1 autoantibodies to oxidized LDL, but also in the appearance of Th2-type cytokines in the atherosclerotic lesions. Since the two subsets of T cells counteract each other, this switch may have important consequences for the inflammatory/immune process in atherosclerosis.
Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of Electrospun Nanofiber Mats through Controllable Welding at the Cross Points (2017)

This communication describes a simple and effective method for welding electrospun nanofibers at the cross points to enhance the mechanical properties of their nonwoven mats. The welding is achieved by placing a nonwoven mat of the nanofibers in a capped vial with the vapor of a proper solvent. For polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers, the solvent is dichloromethane (DCM). The welding can be managed in a controllable fashion by simply varying the partial pressure of DCM and/or the exposure time. Relative to the pristine nanofiber mat, the mechanical strength of the welded PCL nanofiber mat can be increased by as much as 200%. Meanwhile, such a treatment does not cause any major structural changes, including morphology, fiber diameter, and pore size. This study provides a generic method for improving the mechanical properties of nonwoven nanofiber mats, holding great potential in various applications.
Phage-inducible chromosomal islands are ubiquitous within the bacterial universe (2018)

Phage-inducible chromosomal islands (PICIs) are a recently discovered family of pathogenicity islands that contribute substantively to horizontal gene transfer, host adaptation and virulence in Gram-positive cocci. Here we report that similar elements also occur widely in Gram-negative bacteria. As with the PICIs from Gram-positive cocci, their uniqueness is defined by a constellation of features: unique and specific attachment sites, exclusive PICI genes, a phage-dependent mechanism of induction, conserved replication origin organization, convergent mechanisms of phage interference, and specific packaging of PICI DNA into phage-like infectious particles, resulting in very high transfer frequencies. We suggest that the PICIs represent two or more distinct lineages, have spread widely throughout the bacterial world, and have diverged much more slowly than their host organisms or their prophage cousins. Overall, these findings represent the discovery of a universal class of mobile genetic elements.
GigaBeam High-Speed Radio Link Encryption (2006)

This document describes the encryption and key management used by
GigaBeam as part of the WiFiber(tm) family of radio link products. The
security solution is documented in the hope that other wireless
product development efforts will include comparable capabilities. This
memo provides information for the Internet community.
Entrainment of the human circadian pacemaker to longer-than-24-h days (2007)

Entrainment of the circadian pacemaker to the light:dark cycle is necessary for rhythmic physiological functions to be appropriately timed over the 24-h day. Nonentrainment results in sleep, endocrine, and neurobehavioral impairments. Exposures to intermittent bright light pulses have been reported to phase shift the circadian pacemaker with great efficacy. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that a modulated light exposure (MLE) with bright light pulses in the evening would entrain subjects to a light:dark cycle 1 h longer than their own circadian period (tau). Twelve subjects underwent a 65-day inpatient study. Individual subject's circadian period was determined in a forced desynchrony protocol. Subsequently, subjects were released into 30 longer-than-24-h days (daylength of tau + 1 h) in one of three light:dark conditions: (i) approximately 25 lux; (ii) approximately 100 lux; and (iii) MLE: approximately 25 lux followed by approximately 100 lux, plus two 45-min bright light pulses of approximately 9,500 lux near the end of scheduled wakefulness. We found that lighting levels of approximately 25 lux were insufficient to entrain all subjects tested. Exposure to approximately 100 lux was sufficient to entrain subjects, although at a significantly wider phase angle compared with baseline. Exposure to MLE was able to entrain the subjects to the imposed sleep-wake cycles but at a phase angle comparable to baseline. These results suggest that MLE can be used to entrain the circadian pacemaker to non-24-h days. The implications of these findings are important because they could be used to treat circadian misalignment associated with space flight and circadian rhythm sleep disorders such as shift-work disorder.
Clinical Use of Deferoxamine in Distraction Osteogenesis of Irradiated Bone (2016)

The deleterious effects of radiotherapy, including hypovascularity and hypocellularity, have made distraction of irradiated bones challenging. Animal studies, however, have demonstrated adjunctive measures such as the administration of deferoxamine to significantly improve bone regeneration across irradiated distraction gaps. In this report, the authors demonstrate, for the first time, enhanced bone formation following deferoxamine application in a patient following distraction of a previously irradiated maxilla. Computed tomography imaging of the pterygomaxillary buttress on the side of administration revealed significantly increased bone area and density relative to the contralateral buttress. This is the first presentation of clinical deferoxamine use to promote bone formation following irradiated bone distraction and highlights the promise for this adjunctive measure to make outcomes after distraction of irradiated bone more reliable.
Organic data memory using the DNA approach (2003)

For very long-term storage and retrieval, encode information as artificial DNA strands and insert into living hosts. As vectors, bacteria, even some bugs and weeds, might be good for hundreds of millions of years.
ASR error detection and recognition rate estimation using deep bidirectional recurrent neural networks (2015)

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have recently been applied as the classifiers for sequential labeling problems. In this paper, deep bidirectional RNNs (DBRNNs) are applied for the first time to error detection in automatic speech recognition (ASR), which is a sequential labeling problem. We investigate three types of ASR error detection tasks, i.e. confidence estimation, out-of-vocabulary word detection and error type classification. We also estimate recognition rates from the error type classification results. Experimental results show that the DBRNNs greatly outperform conditional random fields (CRFs), especially for the detection of infrequent error labels. The DBRNNs also slightly outperform the CRFs in recognition rate estimation. In addition, experiments using a reduced size of training data suggest that the DBRNNs have a better generalization ability than the CRFs owing to their word vector representation in a low-dimensional continuous space. As a result, the DBRNNs trained using only 20% of the training data show higher error detection performance than the CRFs trained using the full training data.
Microglia and intractable chronic pain (2012)

Many pathological processes within the central nervous system are mediated by complex interactions between neurons and resident glial cells. In the case of painful peripheral neuropathy, spinal microglia react and undergo a series of changes that directly influence the establishment of neuropathic pain states. Purinergic signaling has been shown to be at the center of this reactivity, and here we review recent mechanistic advances describing the importance of microglial P2 receptors and their interactions with neuronal populations in the development of neuropathic pain.