gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Catalytic C–H functionalization by metalloporphyrins: recent developments and future directions (2010)

Metalloporphyrins are a class of versatile catalysts with the capability to functionalize saturated C-H bonds via several well-defined atom/group transfer processes, including oxene, nitrene, and carbene C-H insertions. The corresponding hydroxylation, amination, and alkylation reactions provide direct approaches for the catalytic conversion of abundant hydrocarbons into value-added functional molecules through C-O, C-N, and C-C bond formations, respectively. This tutorial review describes metalloporphyrin-based catalytic systems for the functionalization of different types of sp(3) C-H bonds, both inter- and intramolecularly, including challenging primary C-H bonds. Additional features of metalloporphyrin-catalyzed C-H functionalization include unusual selectivities and high turnover numbers.
REACTION OF METHANE WITH CARBON DIOXIDE OVER SrNiAl 11 O 19 (1998)

In this paper, SrNiAl 11 O 19 was synthesized and characterized by XRD, UV DRS, TG DTA and TEM. The reforming of methane with carbon dioxide has been investigated at 750℃ over SrNiAl 11 O 19 hexaaluminate, showing more significant activity and lower coking amount compared with Ni 0 supported on SrAl 12 O 19 . The increment of Ni particle size in hexaaluminate SrNiAl 11 O 19 was inhibited effectively during the catalytic reaction.
Dual Neuroprotective Signaling Mediated by Downregulating Two Distinct Phosphatase Activities of PTEN (2004)

The tumor suppressor PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) is a lipid and protein phosphatase. We report here that PTEN physically associates with the NR1 and NR2B subunits of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) in rat hippocampus. Downregulating the protein expression of PTEN inhibits the function of extrasynaptic NMDARs and decreases NMDAR surface expression, suggesting a crucial role for endogenous PTEN in the modulation of NMDAR-mediated neuronal function. Reducing PTEN expression also enhances Akt/Bad phosphorylation in hippocampal neurons. Importantly, suppressing lipid and protein phosphatase activity of PTEN, respectively, activates Akt and inhibits extrasynaptic NMDAR activity and thereby protects against ischemic neuronal death in vitro and in vivo. Thus, our study reveals a dual neuroprotective mechanism by which Akt/Bad and extrasynaptic NMDARs are regulated via downregulation of two distinct PTEN phosphatase activities and present the possibility of PTEN as a potential therapeutic target for stroke treatment.
Electron microscopy of gold nanoparticles at atomic resolution (2014)

Structure determination of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is necessary for understanding their physical and chemical properties, but only one AuNP larger than 1 nanometer in diameter [a 102-gold atom NP (Au102NP)] has been solved to atomic resolution. Whereas the Au102NP structure was determined by x-ray crystallography, other large AuNPs have proved refractory to this approach. Here, we report the structure determination of a Au68NP at atomic resolution by aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy, performed with the use of a minimal electron dose, an approach that should prove applicable to metal NPs in general. The structure of the Au68NP was supported by small-angle x-ray scattering and by comparison of observed infrared absorption spectra with calculations by density functional theory.
Pelvis-Thorax Coordination in the Transverse Plane During Walking in Persons With Nonspecific Low Back Pain (2002)

In comparison with healthy participants, the gait of patients with low back pain was characterized by a more rigid, less flexible pelvis-thorax coordination in the absence of significant differences in the kinematics of the component rotations. This result suggests that coordination measures are more adequate in assessing quality of walking in patients with low back pain than are kinematic measures pertaining to the individual segment rotations, and that conservative therapy should use methods aimed at improving intersegmental coordination.
Human immunodeficiency virus gp120 glycoprotein detected by a monoclonal antibody to a synthetic peptide (1986)

A chemically synthesized peptide corresponding to the amino acid sequence 503-532 of gp160 of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was used to generate monoclonal antibodies reactive with the env glycoprotein gp120. One monoclonal antibody, 120-1, was isolated that reacted with the peptide and with HIV antigen(s). Western blot analysis showed reactivity with two bands of 120 kDa and 88 kDa. 120-1 reacted in indirect immunofluorescence with 15-20% of infected human T cell line A3.01 as early as 4 days post in vitro infection, 2-3 days prior to detectable reverse transcriptase activity in supernatant fluids.
The chemistry of fluorinated dioxoles and dioxolanes. Part 1. Thermal rearrangement of fluorinated dioxoles (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe chemistry of fluorinated dioxoles and dioxolanes. Part 1. Thermal rearrangement of fluorinated dioxolesMing H. Hung and Paul R. ResnickCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 26, 9671–9672Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00182a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00182a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views276Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Randomized Trial of Three Maintenance Regimens Given after Three Months of Induction Therapy with Zidovudine, Lamivudine, and Indinavir in Previously Untreated HIV-1–Infected Patients (1998)

In HIV-1-infected adults not previously treated with antiretroviral drugs whose plasma HIV-1 RNA levels fell below 500 copies per milliliter after three months of induction therapy with zidovudine, lamivudine, and indinavir, two-drug maintenance therapy was less effective in sustaining a reduced viral load than continued three-drug therapy.
Molecular and Structural Bases for the Antigenicity of VP2 of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (2007)

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), a member of the family Birnaviridae, is responsible for a highly contagious and economically important disease causing immunosuppression in chickens. IBDV variants isolated in the United States exhibit antigenic drift affecting neutralizing epitopes in the capsid protein VP2. To understand antigenic determinants of the virus, we have used a reverse-genetics approach to introduce selected amino acid changes-individually or in combination-into the VP2 gene of the classical IBDV strain D78. We thus generated a total of 42 mutants with changes in 8 amino acids selected by sequence comparison and their locations on loops P(BC) and P(HI) at the tip of the VP2 spikes, as shown by the crystal structure of the virion. The antibody reactivities of the mutants generated were assessed using a panel of five monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Our results show that a few amino acids of the projecting domain of VP2 control the reactivity pattern. Indeed, the binding of four out of the five MAbs analyzed here is affected by mutations in these loops. Furthermore, their importance is highlighted by the fact that some of the engineered mutants display identical reactivity patterns but have different growth phenotypes. Finally, this analysis shows that a new field strain isolated from a chicken flock in Belgium (Bel-IBDV) represents an IBDV variant with a hitherto unobserved antigenic profile, involving one change (P222S) in the P(BC) loop. Overall, our data provide important new insights for devising efficient vaccines that protect against circulating IBDV strains.
Viral resistance to human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific pyridinone reverse transcriptase inhibitors (1991)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific pyridinone reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors prevent HIV-1 replication in cell culture (M. E. Goldman, J. H. Nunberg, J. A. O'Brien, J.C. Quintero, W. A. Schleif, K. F. Freund, S. L. Gaul, W. S. Saari, J. S. Wai, J. M. Hoffman, P. S. Anderson, D. J. Hupe, E. A. Emini, and A. M. Stern, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:6863-6867, 1991). In contrast to nucleoside analog inhibitors, such as AZT, which need to be converted to triphosphates by host cells, these compounds act directly to inhibit RT via a mechanism which is noncompetitive with respect to deoxynucleoside triphosphates. As one approach to define the mechanism of action of pyridinone inhibitors, we isolated resistant mutants of HIV-1 in cell culture. Serial passage in the presence of inhibitor yielded virus which was 1,000-fold resistant to compounds of this class. Bacterially expressed RTs molecularly cloned from resistant viruses were also resistant. The resistant RT genes encoded two amino acid changes, K-103 to N and Y-181 to C, each of which contributed partial resistance. The mutation at amino acid 181 lies adjacent to the conserved YG/MDD motif found in most DNA and RNA polymerases. The mutation at amino acid 103 lies within a region of RT which may be involved in PPi binding. The resistant viruses, although sensitive to nucleoside analogs, were cross-resistant to the structurally unrelated RT inhibitors TIBO R82150 (R. Pauwels, K. Andries, J. Desmyter, D. Schols, M. J. Kukla, H. J. Breslin, A. Raeymaeckers, J. Van Gelder, R. Woestenborghs, J. Heykanti, K. Schellekens, M. A. C. Janssen, E. De Clercq, and P. A. J. Janssen, Nature [London] 343:470-474, 1990) and BI-RG-587 (V. J. Merluzzi, K. D. Hargrave, M. Labadia, K. Grozinger, M. Skoog, J. C. Wu, C.-K. Shih, K. Eckner, S. Hattox, J. Adams, A. S. Rosenthal, R. Faanes, R. J. Eckner, R. A. Koup, and J. L. Sullivan, Science 250:1411-1413, 1990). Thus, these nonnucleoside analog inhibitors may share a common binding site on RT and may all make up a single pharmacologic class of RT inhibitor. This observation may have important implications for the clinical development of these compounds.
Bone cancer pain (2003)

Malignant bone disease creates a unique pain state that involves sensitization of the nervous system. Major contributors to the pain state within the bone tissue are osteoclastic bone resorption and the malignant disease itself.
Secular and age distribution of scrotal cancer in connecticut and a review of United States literature (1984)

In contrast with the expectations of the authors and with reports suggesting a decline in risk for scrotal cancer, Connecticut Tumor Registry data neither showed detectable decrease in risk over the 45-year-period for all 95 scrotal malignancies nor for the 71 epithelial cancers. The age distribution of scrotal cancer in Connecticut was similar to that of the more common tumors thought to be caused by exogenous agents. The risk increased up to age 75 in a geometric fashion, followed by a plateau and decline in risk among the very elderly. United States literature on scrotal cancer points to a change in occupational risks; this literature and recent occupational data from Connecticut suggest that metalworking may have been associated with a high proportion of cases in recent decades. Evidence is lacking that scrotal cancer and its most recent marker of carcinogenic risk have been fully eliminated.
Role of vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor in eye disease (1997)

The eye contains highly vascularised and completely avascular tissues in close apposition. This specialised anatomy requires tight regulation of the balance between vascular quiescence and vascular growth. Growth normally occurs in ocular embryonic development, but is virtually absent from the eye in adult life.1 In eye diseases associated with angiogenesis, this delicate balance is disturbed.1-6 Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in disorders responsible for most blind registration in the Western world—that is, diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and a large number of other eye conditions.1 5 Because of its importance in wound healing, tumour growth, and other pathological situations, angiogenesis has been extensively studied in the fields of oncology, rheumatology, cardiology, and ophthalmology.7 8 The main interest in these efforts has been the notion that inhibiting angiogenesis may influence the course of tumour growth or other disease.9 10 In ophthalmology, inhibition of angiogenesis may also prove to be of great value.1 4-6 9 

Angiogenesis is a tightly controlled process which involves both endothelial cells and pericytes, and is influenced by numerous agonist growth factors, inhibiting factors, and extracellular matrix proteins.7 8 11-14 Its importance in embryonic retinal vascularisation and eye disease (Fig 1) has long been recognised, and it was as early as 1948 that Michaelson suggested that it is the avascular fetal retina itself that produces a diffusible ‘biochemical factor’ capable of inducing vascular ingrowth, the production of which is associated with retinal metabolism.15 Later, when the association of neovascularisation with retinal non-perfusion and ischaemia in pathological conditions such as diabetic retinopathy was recognised, Ashton and colleagues suggested that hypoxia may be the impetus for the production of this presumed factor.16 17



Figure 1 
Early clinical observations established the importance of angiogenesis in eye disease: ‘Retinitis …
Adaptable query optimization and evaluation in temporal middleware (2001)

Time-referenced data are pervasive in most real-world databases. Recent advances in temporal query languages show that such database applications may benefit substantially from built-in temporal support in the DBMS. To achieve this, temporal query optimization and evaluation mechanisms must be provided, either within the DBMS proper or as a source level translation from temporal queries to conventional SQL. This paper proposes a new approach: using a middleware component on top of a conventional DBMS. This component accepts temporal SQL statements and produces a corresponding query plan consisting of algebraic as well as regular SQL parts. The algebraic parts are processed by the middleware, while the SQL parts are processed by the DBMS. The middleware uses performance feedback from the DBMS to adapt its partitioning of subsequent queries into middleware and DBMS parts. The paper describes the architecture and implementation of the temporal middleware component, termed TANGO, which is based on the Volcano extensible query optimizer and the XXL query processing library. Experiments with the system demonstrate the utility of the middleware's internal processing capability and its cost-based mechanism for apportioning the processing between the middleware and the underlying DBMS.
The Tail of a Ubiquitin-conjugating Enzyme Redirects Multi-ubiquitin Chain Synthesis from the Lysine 48-linked Configuration to a Novel Nonlysine-linked Form (1996)

The UBC1 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has an overlapping function with the UBC4 and UBC5 enzymes in the yeast stress response and an important role in the G0 to G1 transition that accompanies spore germination (Seufert, W., McGrath, J. P., and Jentsch, S. (1990) EMBO J. 9, 4573-4541). In the present work we report that the UBC1 enzyme assembles onto itself a multi-ubiquitin chain in vitro whose linkage configuration is dependent on the unconserved carboxyl-terminal extension or tail that is appended to its catalytic domain. Using chemical cleavage and site-specific mutagenesis, we have mapped the location of the chain to lysine 93 which lies near the active site within the catalytic domain. The ubiquitin molecule that anchors the chain is transferred to this lysine from the active site of the same UBC1 molecule. When the tail of UBC1 is deleted, the catalytic domain synthesizes a chain that consists of ubiquitin molecules uniformly linked to one another via lysine 48. In the presence of the tail, however, a chain is assembled that is composed of linkages that are stable to alkali but which do not utilize lysines. Furthermore, when the amino terminus of ubiquitin is blocked by an appended peptide tag, chain assembly reverts from this alternative configuration to the canonical lysine 48 variety. Taken together, these results suggest that the alternative chain is composed of linkages in which one ubiquitin molecule forms a peptide bond with the alpha-amino terminus of another, thereby supporting the emerging view that Ub can be attached to itself or other proteins in a variety of ways.
Adenovirus-based Prime-boost Immunization for Rapid Vaccination Against Anthrax (2006)

Prime-boost vaccination using plasmid DNA and replication-defective adenovirus vectors has emerged as a highly effective strategy for vaccinating against viral pathogens. However, its ability to provide protection against bacterial disease has never been assessed. Here we evaluate prime-boost vaccination approaches for immunizing against anthrax. We show that mice primed with DNA and boosted with an adenovirus vector, both expressing domain four of Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA), have higher antibody and toxin-neutralizing titers than mice immunized with either single modality alone. DNA-primed/adenovirus-boosted mice also had significantly higher antibody and toxin-neutralizing titers than mice immunized with Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed. High levels of antigen-specific interferon-gamma-secreting cells were present in vaccinated mice indicating that a cell-mediated immune response had also been stimulated. Both DNA-primed/adenovirus-boosted and adenovirus-primed/adenovirus-boosted mice were fully protected from Sterne strain spore challenge. We also show that a single injection with an adenovirus vector-expressing domain four of PA can provide partial protection from spore challenge 2 weeks after immunization and full protection 3 weeks after immunization. These results demonstrate that adenovirus-based prime-boost vaccination can provide rapid protection from anthrax and that this approach may be an effective strategy for immunizing against bacterial as well as viral pathogens.
Birthweight specific trends in cerebral palsy. (1990)

A register of infants with cerebral palsy born to mothers resident in the Mersey region from 1967-84 has been maintained using various sources of information. A total of 1056 patients are registered of whom 331 (31%) have hemiplegia or mixed hemiplegia, 236 (22%) have diplegias or mixed diplegia, and 369 (35%) have quadriplegia or mixed quadriplegia. The remainder have dyskinetic or dystonic forms except for seven, who are unclassified. There has been no significant change in the prevalence of cerebral palsy among infants of normal birth weight (greater than 2500 g). Among low birthweight infants (less than or equal to 2500 g) there has been a significant increase in prevalence of all the main clinical types. This increase started later among the very low birthweight infants (less than or equal to 1500 g) than among those weighing 1501-2500 g. These changes in prevalence could be the result of either improved survival of prenatally impaired infants because of improvements in medical care, or a reflection of failure to maintain optimal conditions at or around the time of birth.
Intelligent SIP system for mobile Internet (2002)

This paper proposes a scalable network service execution system that executes a Parlay application while taking advantage of the session initiation protocol (SIP). By adopting a decentralized architecture which distributes the Parlay service logic execution environment (SLEE) to user terminals and support server, scalability as a system is improved. In this system, the objects comprising the Parlay applications are downloaded to the corresponding SLEE and the objects communicate with each other as necessary to run the entire application. It is therefore possible to realize a scalable application execution environment that is highly compatible with SIP as well as inheriting Parlay software's accumulated assets.
Mineral Composition, Quality and Physico-chemical Parameters of the Local Tallow of Pakistan (2008)

Tallow samples were obtained form the local slaughterhouses and were evaluated for iodine value, saponification value, anisidine value, acid value, peroxide value, FFA, ash content and cholesterol content. The results were compared with that of Codex standard for the edible animal fats. The acid value of tallow was 1.009-1.99 mg KOH/g. The saponification value (195-197 mg KOH/g) indicate that the tallow contain high molecular weight fatty acids. The iodine values (48.66-49.15) suggest a low degree of unsaturation compared to palm oil. The FFA, AnV and POV were 0.507-1.00 (as oleic acid %by wt.), 6.33- 9.57 and 3-6.5 (meq / kg) respectively. The cholesterol and %ash content were in the range of 1.00-1.10 (mg/g) and 0.183-0.57, respectively. In minerals, the level of Na is 10.037-18.952 ppm, K (2.216-2.821 ppm), Ca (1.123-1.752 ppm), Cu (0.001 ppm), Fe (0.430-0.493 ppm), Pb (1.147-1.153 ppm), Mg (0.412-0.473 ppm), Cd (0.070-0.071 ppm), Zn (0.028-0.055 ppm) and Cr (0.896-0.982 ppm).
Rectangular microstrip antennas with stub along the non-radiating edge for dual band operation (2002)

A rectangular microstrip antenna with a half wavelength short circuited stub placed along the radiating edge exhibits dual frequency operation. Dual frequency operation is obtained with quarter wavelength open circuited stubs also. Two unequal stubs of nearly /spl lambda//4 length placed along both the radiating edges yield triple frequency operation. This paper describes the effect of a /spl lambda//4 open ended stub placed along the nonradiating edge of the square or rectangular patches for dual frequency operation. These antennas have been analyzed based on the multiport network model using a segmentation method with the Green's functions approach.