gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identidades ideológicas e partidárias: Portugal, Espanha e Grécia em perspectiva (2004)

Quer a formacao das identidades ideologicas, quer a formacao das identidades partidarias sao processos que se vao desenvolvendo ao longo dos percursos de socializacao (primaria e secundaria) dos individuos. Alem disso, transmitem-se entre geracoes e estao estreitamente relacionadas com a idade, isto e, crescem e consolidam-se com o avanco desta e a aprendizagem politica associada. Adicionalmente, a formacao de qualquer daquelas duas identidades, tipicas das democracias modernas, carece de um ambiente de diferenciacao partidaria e ideologica efectivas, associados a existencia de livre competicao politica.
Tendo em conta este enquadramento, este artigo compara de forma sistematica a evolucao das identidades ideologicas (autoposicionamento na escala esquerda-direita) e partidarias (identificacao com os partidos politicos) dos eleitores nas jovens democracias do da (Portugal, Espanha e Grecia) com outros oito regime democraticos do velho Continente (Franca, Gra-Bretanha, Alemanha, Italia, Holanda, Dinamarca, Belgica e Irlanda), entre a decada de 1970 e 2002.
Tendo em conta que a instauracao da democracia ocorreu na nova do Sul - Portugal, Espanha e Grecia - apenas apos 1974, e expectavel encontrar nestes paises um menor reconhecimento e utilizacao das etiquetas ideologicas - esquerda e direita -, bem como menores niveis de identificacao dos eleitores com os partidos politicos, face as democracias Europeias mais antigas. No caso grego, tendo em conta o menor interregno ditatorial (1967-1974) e uma certa continuidade nos objectos politicos (partidos, lideres e tendencias politicas) antes e depois do regime dos coroneis, e de esperar que as diferencas face a velha Europa existam tambem, mas sejam em menor grau.
A analise da evolucao das identidades ideologicas dos eleitores Europeus durante as ultimas tres decadas permitira submeter tambem a prova empirica a hipotese sobre o fim das ideologias, ou pelo menos do seu declinio. Todavia, em termos evolutivos espera-se que, a verificar-se, a erosao das identidades ideologicas e partidarias, tal como preveem as teorias do fim das ideologias e sobre o desalinhamento partidario, nao atinja ainda a nova do Sul. Alias, a expectativa e de que as diferencas entre jovens e velhas democracias (quanto aos niveis de identificacao ideologica e partidaria) se esbatam no periodo em analise, fruto de um incremento de tais identidades nos novos regimes.
Multi-Antenna Downlink Channels with Limited Feedback and User Selection (2007)

We analyze the sum-rate performance of a multi- antenna downlink system carrying more users than transmit antennas, with partial channel knowledge at the transmitter due to finite rate feedback. In order to exploit multiuser diversity, we show that the transmitter must have, in addition to directional information, information regarding the quality of each channel. Such information should reflect both the channel magnitude and the quantization error. Expressions for the SINR distribution and the sum-rate are derived, and tradeoffs between the number of feedback bits, the number of users, and the SNR are observed. In particular, for a target performance, having more users reduces feedback load.
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Antagonists: An Update (2009)

The corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) family, CRH, CRH-related peptides and their receptors (R) play major roles in coordinating the behavioral, endocrine, autonomic, and immune responses to stress. The wide influence of the CRH system on physiologic processes in both brain and periphery implicates the respective peptides in the pathophysiology of numerous disorders characterized by dysregulated stress responses. CRH peptides and their receptors are being explored as therapeutic targets for intervention in stress-related disorders. Selective antagonists have been used experimentally to elucidate the role of CRH-related peptides in disease processes, such as anxiety and depression, sleep disorders, addictive disorders, inflammatory disorders, acute and chronic neurodegeneration and preterm labor. The development of effective antagonists with no significant side effects remains a challenge.
Human tumor xenografts in the nude mouse and their value as test models in anticancer drug development (review). (1992)

In an attempt to increase the predictability of preclinical antitumor testing, the value of human tumor lines in immune-deficient nude mice is assessed by reviewing the relevant literature. This test model is rather elaborate due to the nature of the animal as well as test and evaluation procedure. However, it represents a realistic simulation of clinical drug treatment. This is demonstrated by (a) a good correlation of drug effects in the nude mouse with clinical results in the donating patient's tumor and (b) by a good predictability of a panel of human tumor lines for clinically effective drugs. In order to avoid clinical trials with inactive drugs and no therapeutic benefit for a large number of patients, the application of human tumor xenografts in anticancer drug development is warranted.
Impact of Nerve Sparing Technique on Patient Self-Assessed Outcomes After Radical Perineal Prostatectomy (2007)

This analysis suggests that nerve sparing radical perineal prostatectomy is associated with improved recovery of urinary continence and favorable health related quality of life scores and, therefore, should be considered a viable alternative to other nerve sparing approaches.
Polycistronic Viral Vectors (2002)

Traditionally, vectors for gene transfer/therapy experiments were mono- or bicistronic. In the latter case, vectors express the gene of interest coupled with a marker gene. An increasing demand for more complex polycistronic vectors has arisen in recent years to obtain complex gene transfer/therapy effects. In particular, this demand is stimulated by the hope of a more powerful effect from combined gene therapy than from single gene therapy in a process whose parallels lie in the multi-drug combined therapies for cancer or AIDS. In the 1980's we had only splicing signals and internal promoters to construct such vectors: now a new set of biotechnological tools enables us to design new and more reliable bicistronic and polycistronic vectors. This article focuses on the description and comparison of the strategies for co-expression of two genes in bicistronic vectors, from the oldest to the more recently described: internal promoters, splicing, reinitiation, IRES, self-processing peptides (e.g. foot-and-mouth disease virus 2A), proteolytic cleavable sites (e.g. fusagen) and fusion of genes. I propose a classification of these strategies based upon either the use of multiple transcripts (with transcriptional mechanisms), or single transcripts (using translational/post-translational mechanisms). I also examine the different attempts to utilize these strategies in the construction of polycistronic vectors and the main problems encountered. Several potential uses of these polycistronic vectors, both in basic research and in therapy-focused applications, are discussed. The importance of the study of viral gene expression strategies and the need to transfer this knowledge to vector design is highlighted.
A phase 1/2 study investigating the combination of RAD001 (R) (everolimus) and erlotinib (E) as 2nd and 3rd line therapy in patients (pts) with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) previously treated with chemotherapy (C): Phase 1 results (2008)

8051 Background: R is an oral inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in clinical development as an anticancer agent. Clinical benefit including objective tumor responses were observed in pts with NSCLC receiving R. E is an oral epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor (EGFRI) approved for the treatment of NSCLC pts failing C. Preclinical evidence suggests that R may enhance EGFRI anti-tumor activity and reduce resistance to EGFRI. Methods: Patients with advanced NSCLC, failing ≤ 2 prior C regimens, ECOG PS ≤2, adequate bone marrow and liver function were eligible. Phase 1 part assessed the combination of R and E using a standard “6+6” dose-escalation design based on the rate of dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) and pharmacokinetic (PK) drug- drug interaction (DDI) during the first 28 days of combined treatment. A range of R doses administered in either a daily (qd) or a weekly (qw) schedule were evaluated in combination with different daily doses of E. Results: 61 pts treated in 7 cohorts: Male/Female 32/29, ever smoker/never smoker 49/12, prior therapies 1/2 31/30. Doses and schedules evaluated: R 2.5mg qd, 5mg qd, 30mg qw, 50mg qw in combination with qd doses of E 75mg, 100mg, and 150mg. R 2.5mg qd + E 150mg qd, R 5mg qd + E 75mg qd, and R 50mg qw + E 150 mg qd, were established as feasible dose regimens. DLTs observed were: mucositis (5), rash (4), diarrhea (4), vomiting (1) and neutropenia (1). Available duration of exposure of the combination was 0.2–25.8 months in daily cohorts and 0.1–2.9 months in weekly cohorts. Preliminary best overall response based on RECIST as per Investigator lesion assessment was: CR (1), PR (3), SD (17), PD (18). Conclusions: Phase 1 part of the study established feasible doses of R in combination with E with promising early indication of clinical efficacy. Phase 2 of the study will evaluate the efficacy of dose regimens established in the phase 1 part. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Novartis Genzyme Novartis Novartis
Collision tumor of hepatocellular carcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma involving the liver: Case report and review of the literature (2016)

Primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) with concurrent occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of the liver is very rare. Only 8 cases have been reported in the literature. Concurrent occurrence of HCC and NEC in the liver is classified as combined type or collision type by histological distributional patterns; only 2 cases have been reported. Herein, we report a case of collision type concurrent occurrence of HCC and NEC, in which primary hepatic NEC was in only a small portion of the nodule, which is different from the 2 previously reported cases. A 72-year-old male with chronic hepatitis C was admitted to our hospital for a hepatic mass detected by liver computed tomography (CT) at another clinic. Because the nodule was in hepatic segment 3 and had proper radiologic findings for diagnosis of HCC, including enhancement in the arterial phase and wash-out in the portal and delay phases, the patient was treated with laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy. The pathology demonstrated that the nodule was 2.5 cm and was moderately differentiated HCC. However, a 3 mm-sized focal neuroendocrine carcinoma was also detected on the capsule of the nodule. The tumor was concluded to be a collision type with HCC and primary hepatic NEC. After the surgery, for follow-up, the patient underwent a liver CT every 3 mo. Five multiple nodules were found in the right hepatic lobe on the follow-up liver CT 6 mo post-operatively. As the features of the nodules in the liver CT and MRI were different from that of HCC, a liver biopsy was performed. Intrahepatic recurrent NEC was proven after the liver biopsy, which showed the same pathologic features with the specimen obtained 6 mo ago. Palliative chemotherapy with a combination of etoposide and cisplatin has been administered for 4 months, showing partial response.
Comparison of plasma ctDNA and tissue/cytology-based techniques for the detection of EGFR mutation status in advanced NSCLC: Spanish data subset from ASSESS (2018)

The high concordance between the different DNA sources for EGFR mutation testing supports the use of plasma samples when tumor tissue is unavailable.
Ultraviolet and violet GaN light emitting diodes on silicon (1998)

We report the fabrication and characterization of GaN-based double heterostructure light emitting diodes grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Si(111) substrates. Light emitting diode operation is achieved by using the conducting Si(111) substrate as a backside n contact and a standard transparent Ni/Au p contact. We observe electroluminescence peaked in the ultraviolet ∼360 nm, with a full width at half maximum of ∼17 nm and in the violet at ∼420 nm. Electron microscopy studies indicate a high density of threading and planar defects. Consequences of these are discussed.
Inverse Designed Metalenses with Extended Depth of Focus (2020)

Extended depth of focus (EDOF) lenses are important for various applications in computational imaging and microscopy. In addition to enabling novel functionalities, EDOF lenses can alleviate the need for stringent alignment requirements for imaging systems. Existing EDOF lenses, however, are often inefficient or produce an asymmetric point spread function (PSF) that blurs images. Inverse design of nanophotonics, including metasurfaces, has generated strong interest in recent years owing to its potential for generating exotic and innovative optical elements, which are generally difficult to model intuitively. Using adjoint optimization-based inverse electromagnetic design, in this paper, we designed a cylindrical metasurface lens operating at ~ 625nm with a depth of focus exceeding that of an ordinary lens. We validated our design by nanofabrication and optical characterization of silicon nitride metasurface lenses (with lateral dimension of 66.66 {\mu}m) with three different focal lengths (66.66 {\mu}m,100 {\mu}m,133.33 {\mu}m). The focusing efficiencies of the fabricated extended depth of focus metasurface lenses are similar to those of traditional metalenses.
α-Aldehyde Terminally Functional Methacrylic Polymers from Living Radical Polymerization:  Application in Protein Conjugation “Pegylation” (2004)

Application of proteins and peptides as human therapeutics is expanding rapidly as drug discovery becomes more prevalent. Conjugation of polymers to proteins can circumvent many problems and pegylation of proteins is now emerging as acceptable practice. This paper describes the synthesis of alpha-aldehyde-terminated poly(methoxyPEG)methacrylates from Cu(I) mediated living radical polymerization (Mn = 11 000, 22 000 and 32 000; PDi < 1.15), and their efficient conjugation to lysozyme, as a model protein. This offers an attractive and flexible alternative to linear poly(ethylene glycol) opening up the possibility of using the full power of living radical polymerization.
Principles of Operation for the TPC.INT Subdomain: Remote Printing -- Technical Procedures (1993)

This memo describes a technique for printing using the
Internet mail infrastructure. In particular, this memo focuses on the
case in which remote printers are connected to the international
telephone network. This memo defines an Experimental Protocol for the
Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard.
Identification of a novel cyclin-like protein in human tumor cells. (1993)

Cyclins are key regulatory proteins that, in concert with cyclin-dependent protein kinase subunits (cdks), function to govern critical transitions and/or restriction points during the course of cell cycle progression. Recently, a number of putative mammalian G1 cyclins have been characterized at the molecular level; however, the specific activities of the cyclin/cdk complexes and the precise biochemical pathways regulated by the G1 cyclins remain to be elucidated. In the present study we identify a novel cyclin-like protein in pediatric bone and extremity tumors that appears to be related to, but is clearly distinct from, previously identified members of the cyclin D family, as determined by its profile of antibody cross-reactivity, apparent molecular size, chromatographic behavior, physicochemical properties, and pattern of peptide mapping. This 46-kDa cyclin-like protein, tentatively designated p46cyclin X, is first expressed in synchronized MG-63 osteosarcoma cells in mid-G1, well after the induction of p36cyclin D1, yet prior to the induction of cyclins E and A. Northern analysis, utilizing an oligonucleotide probe complementary to an epitope shared by cyclins D1, D2, and X, detected a novel mRNA species, the appearance of which correlates with p46cyclin X expression. The p46cyclin X protein in Ewing's sarcomas and Wilms' tumors is electrophoretically and chromatographically distinct from both p36cyclin D1 and p34cyclin D2. Moreover, the p46cyclin X protein is 1) precipitated by p9Ckshs1-agarose beads, 2) physically associated with p33cdk2, and 3) autophosphorylated in in vitro kinase reactions. Taken together with the biochemical data, the temporal expression of the p46cyclin X/p33cdk2 kinase system is suggestive of a potential role in regulating latter G1 events (i.e. START) in the commitment to S phase.
Advances in decentralized single-beacon acoustic navigation for underwater vehicles: Theory and simulation (2010)

This paper reports the theory and implementation of a decentralized navigation system that enables simultaneous single-beacon navigation of multiple underwater vehicles. In single-beacon navigation, each vehicle uses ranges from a single, moving reference beacon in addition to its own inertial navigation sensors to perform absolute localization and navigation. In this implementation the vehicles perform simultaneous communication and navigation using underwater acoustic modems, encoding and decoding data within the acoustic broadcast. Vehicles calculate range from the time of flight of asynchronous acoustic broadcasts from the reference beacon. Synchronous clocks on the reference beacon and the vehicles enable the measurement of one-way travel-times, whereby the time of launch of the acoustic signal at the reference beacon is encoded in the acoustic broadcast and the time of arrival of the broadcast is measured by each vehicle. The decentralized navigation algorithm, running independently on each vehicle, is implemented using the information form of the extended Kalman filter and has been previously shown to yield results that are identical to a centralized Kalman filter at the instant of each range measurement. We summarize herein the architecture and design of the acoustic communications (Acomms) system consisting of an underwater acoustic modem, synchronous clock, and the software necessary to run them, and salient results from the validation of the decentralized information filter using a simulated data set.
A CMOS imager with on-chip variable resolution for light-adaptive imaging (2002)

In addition to advantages of lower power and system miniaturization through camera-on-a-chip implementation, the CMOS active pixel image sensor (APS) enables development of smart imagers by integrating custom CMOS signal processing circuits on the focal plane. This CMOS APS imager is capable of enhancing signal to noise ratio (S/N) under low illumination through summation of signals from neighboring pixels. On-chip S/N improvement in CMOS APS is demonstrated by pixel averaging or by pixel binning. Pixel binning is implemented in a CMOS APS primarily designed for frame-transfer. That implementation suffers from extraneous noise pick-up and high-residual fixed-pattern noise (FPN) due to the use of single-ended column integrator. This APS has improved kernel summing circuits implemented in fully-differential topology. The imager performance is improved by greatly reducing FPN and temporal circuit noise. This multi-resolution APS is suited for application in light-level-adaptive imaging.
Differential Expression of Axl and Gas6 in Renal Cell Carcinoma Reflecting Tumor Advancement and Survival (2009)

Axl and Gas6 expression in RCC are associated with tumor advancement and patient survival. In particular, low tumor Axl mRNA levels independently correlated with improved survival.
Kinetic Analysis of Central [11C]Raclopride Binding to D2-Dopamine Receptors Studied by PET—A Comparison to the Equilibrium Analysis (1989)

[11C]Raclopride binding to central D2-dopamine receptors in humans has previously been examined by positron emission tomography (PET). Based on the rapid occurrence of binding equilibrium, a saturation analysis has been developed for the determination of receptor density (Bmax) and affinity (Kd). For analysis of PET measurements obtained with other ligands, a kinetic three-compartment model has been used. In the present study, the brain uptake of [11C]raclopride was analyzed further by applying both a kinetic and an equilibrium analysis to data obtained from four PET experiments in each of three healthy subjects. First regional CBV was determined. In the second and third experiment, [11C]-raclopride with high and low specific activity was used. In a fourth experiment, the [11C]raclopride enantiomer [11C]FLB472 was used to examine the concentration of free radioligand and nonspecific binding in brain. Radio-activity in arterial blood was measured using an automated blood sampling system. Bmax and Kd values for [11C]raclopride binding could be determined also with the kinetic analysis. As expected theoretically, those values were similar to those obtained with the equilibrium analysis. In addition, the kinetic analysis allowed separate determination of the association and dissociation rate constants, kon and koff, respectively. Examination of [11C]raclopride and [11C]FLB472 uptake in brain regions devoid of specific D2-dopamine receptor binding indicated a fourth compartment in which uptake was reversible, nonstereoselective, and nonsaturable in the dose range studied.
Novel Scintillation Proximity Assay for Measuring Membrane-Associated Steps of Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis in Escherichia coli (2001)

We have developed a novel, high-throughput scintillation proximity assay to measure the membrane-associated steps (stages 2 and 3) of peptidoglycan synthesis in Escherichia coli. At least five enzymes are involved in these two stages, all of which are thought to be essential for the survival of the cell. The individual enzymes are difficult to assay since the substrates are lipidic and difficult to isolate in large quantities and analysis is done by paper chromatography. We have assayed all five enzymes in a single mixture by monitoring synthesis of cross-linked peptidoglycan, which is the final product of the pathway. E. coli membranes are incubated with the two sugar precursors, UDP-N-acetyl muramylpentapeptide and UDP-[(3)H]-N-acetylglucosamine. The radiolabel is incorporated into peptidoglycan, which is captured using wheat germ agglutinin-coated scintillation proximity assay beads. The assay monitors the activity of the translocase (MraY), the transferase (MurG), the lipid pyrophosphorylase, and the transglycosylase and transpeptidase activities of the penicillin-binding proteins. Vancomyin, tunicamycin, nisin, moenomycin, bacitracin, and penicillin inhibit the assay, and these inhibitors have been used to validate the assay. The search for new antimicrobial agents that act via the late stages of peptidoglycan biosynthesis can now be performed in high throughput in a microtiter plate.