gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies On Root Knot Nematodes of the Genus Meloidogyne in the Gold Coast (1957)

The development of the root-knot nematode on a number of hosts in the Gold Coast was studied, and the host/parasite relationships compared. The life-cycle of the most advanced individuals on tomato and cowpea was completed in 28 days, at soil temperatures of 26-31° C; on maize, soya and tobacco the life cycle occupied 33 days, but individual variation was considerable and the average life-cycle differed much more from host to host. On two species of Crotalaria the life cycle was never completed, larvae dying before, or shortly after, completing the final moult. The rate of egg-production did not differ markedly on different hosts during the limited period under observation, but total egg-production was not studied. A variety of cowpea, Machakos, and a hybrid maize were shown to be resistant to root-knot attack; two species of Crotalaria were highly resistant, but Jack bean and Velvet bean and two other Crotalaria spp. were not resistant.
Xampling: Analog Data Compression (2010)

We introduce Xampling, a design methodology for analog compressed sensing in which we sample analog bandlimited signals at rates far lower than Nyquist, without loss of information. This allows compression together with the sampling stage. The main principles underlying this framework are the ability to capture a broad signal model, low sampling rate, efficient analog and digital implementation and lowrate baseband processing. In order to break through the Nyquist barrier so as to compress the signals in the sampling process, one has to combine classic methods from sampling theory together with recent developments in compressed sensing. We show that previous attempts at sub-Nyquist sampling suffer from analog implementation issues, large computational loads, and have no baseband processing capabilities. We then introduce the modulated wideband converter which can satisfy all the Xampling desiderata. We also demonstrate a board implementation of our converter which exhibits sub-Nyquist sampling in practice.
High-temperature anomaly of the conductance of a tunnel junction (1997)

The linear conductance of a tunnel junction in series with an Ohmic resistor is determined in the high-temperature limit. The tunneling current is treated nonperturbatively by means of path-integral techniques. Due to quantum effects the conductance is smaller than the classical series conductance. The reduction factor is found to be nonanalytic in the environmental resistance for vanishing resistance. This behavior is a high-temperature manifestation of the Coulomb blockade effect.
Studies of prevalence of Japanese cedar pollinosis among the residents in a densely cultivated area. (1987)

Prevalence studies of Japanese cedar pollinosis in densely planted areas were performed using pollen counts, patient studies, and population surveys with questionnaires. The incidence of pollinosis was increased and appeared to be related to dispersed pollen, which resulted in high immunologic responses. Onset of symptoms was influenced by hereditary factors as well as pollution from automobile exhausts.
Cell contact-dependent acquisition of cellular and viral nonautonomously encoded small RNAs (2009)

In some organisms, small RNA pathways can act nonautonomously, with responses spreading from cell to cell. Dedicated intercellular RNA delivery pathways have not yet been characterized in mammals, although secretory compartments have been found to contain RNA. Here we show that, upon cell contact, T cells acquire from B cells small RNAs that can impact the expression of target genes in the recipient T cells. Synthetic microRNA (miRNA) mimetics, viral miRNAs expressed by infected B cells, and endogenous miRNAs could all be transferred into T cells. These mechanisms may allow small RNA-mediated communication between immune cells. The documented transfer of viral miRNAs raises the possible exploitation of these pathways for viral manipulation of the host immune response.
Somatic evolution of variable region structures during an immune response. (1986)

Immunization of strain A mice with p-azophenylarsonate-conjugated protein stimulates B cells that synthesize anti-p-azophenylarsonate antibodies. A large fraction of these cells produce antibodies with variable (V) regions encoded by a single heavy chain V gene segment together with multiple combinations of diversity, heavy chain joining, light chain variable, and light chain joining gene segments. Early in the immune response, these V regions are not somatically mutated. One of these V regions is initially expressed by only a minority of the responding B cells but binds p-azophenylarsonate with the highest affinity. After a secondary immunization, B cells synthesizing mutated derivatives of this single V region dominate the response and bind p-azophenylarsonate with even higher affinity than does the unmutated V region. These results suggest that antigen directs both the expression of the immune repertoire and the amplification of V region diversity by a sequential process of clonal selection of B cells expressing receptor antibodies encoded by unmutated V genes, induction of mutation in the V genes expressed by the selected cells, and reselection of B cells expressing antibodies with mutated V regions of higher affinity.
Inhibition of the activation of Hageman factor (factor XII) and of platelet aggregation by extracts of Brugia malayi microfilariae. (1991)

In human filariasis, large numbers of blood-borne microfilariae circulate unimpeded through the blood stream. How intravascular filarial parasites avoid precipitating thrombosis has not been studied in detail. We hypothesized that extracts of Brugia malayi microfilariae would contain factors that inhibit activation of hemostatic mechanisms. Initial studies demonstrated an inhibitor specific for the intrinsic coagulation cascade. The addition of microfilarial extracts to human plasma prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time in a dose-dependent fashion but did not prolong the prothrombin, thrombin, or Russell's viper venom times. Microfilarial extracts (0.1 mg/ml) completely inhibited activation of Hageman factor (factor XII, at 0.05 U/ml) as measured in an amidolytic assay. Hageman factor previously activated by ellagic acid (factor XIIa) retained full enzymatic activity in the presence of microfilarial extract (0.1 mg/ml). The presence of inhibitory activity in the culture medium of live parasites raises the possibility that microfilariae secrete an inhibitory protein into their local environment. Microfilarial extracts at a final concentration of 0.1 mg/ml also inhibited collagen- and adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation. Arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation was inhibited by microfilarial extracts at a final concentration of 0.6 mg/ml. These results suggest that microfilariae of Brugia malayi, a human filarial parasite, may avoid initiating thrombosis through inhibition of the intrinsic coagulation pathway and platelet aggregation.
Accurate Optical Flow via Direct Cost Volume Processing (2017)

We present an optical flow estimation approach that operates on the full four-dimensional cost volume. This direct approach shares the structural benefits of leading stereo matching pipelines, which are known to yield high accuracy. To this day, such approaches have been considered impractical due to the size of the cost volume. We show that the full four-dimensional cost volume can be constructed in a fraction of a second due to its regularity. We then exploit this regularity further by adapting semi-global matching to the four-dimensional setting. This yields a pipeline that achieves significantly higher accuracy than state-of-the-art optical flow methods while being faster than most. Our approach outperforms all published general-purpose optical flow methods on both Sintel and KITTI 2015 benchmarks.
Frequent detection of ras and p53 mutations in brush cytology samples from lung cancer patients by a restriction fragment length polymorphism-based "enriched PCR" technique. (1998)

RFLP-mediated PCR has been successfully applied as a reliable tool in the detection of ras mutations in many cancers and provides a basis for "mutant-enriched PCR" protocols. We have, therefore, modified this technique to the sensitive detection of K-ras codon 12 and also p53 "hot spot" mutations, which, frequently in lung cancer, affect codons at the positions 157, 175, 245, 248, 249, and 273. With a high sensitivity of 1 mutant allele in 10(4) normal alleles, our enrichment assay allows the detection of oncogene alleles when only a few tumor cells are present within a normal cell population. Brush cytology material obtained from the tumor site of 20 patients with endoscopically apparent bronchial carcinoma was compared to macroscopically normal mucosa taken from the contralateral bronchus ("control" cytology). We found K-ras codon 12 mutations in 5 cases (25%) and p53 mutations in 13 cases (65%) in the tumor-derived cell material but, with the exception of two cases, not in cell material taken from the control cytology. Seventy-five % of the samples analyzed showed that at least one of the two oncogenes was affected. In several cases, two p53 lesions were detected concomitantly. The majority of the mutations could be reconfirmed by an alternative approach exploiting changes in the genomic RFLP pattern induced by these mutations and were also demonstrated in separate diagnostic biopsies taken. Thus, we conclude that the established enriched PCR protocol ensures a high sensitivity and preserved specificity for the diagnosis of oncogene lesions associated with lung cancer. Because conventional techniques normally yield a lower incidence of corresponding ras and p53 mutations, we think that both the high rate and the heterogeneity of p53 mutations found in some cases are, indeed, related to the increased sensitivity of this new enriched PCR technique.
A New Rod Shear Device for the Measurement of the Degradation of Soil-Pile Interfaces (1989)

Abstract A laboratory model pile testing apparatus (Rod Shear) was developed toobtain a better understanding of the behavior of soil/pile interfaces under awide range of loading conditions. The instrumented model pile is capable ofmeasuring the frictional resistance mobilized during loading and the porepressures generated at the soil/pile interface. This article presents adescription of the Rod Shear, the method used to prepare the sample, and theprocedure to conduct the test. Preliminary results on Kaolin clay are included. Finally, a discussion regarding further research possibilities using this newRod Shear is given. Introduction Laboratory model pile tests are an inexpensive, versatile means of studyingthe behavior of cyclically loaded piles in clay. Safe and economical piles canbe designed without relying on expensive pile load tests or empiricalcorrelations, if the critical factors affecting pile capacity under static andcyclic loading can be determined. An optimum design is especially important foroffshore structures which require costly, large diameter, very long piles whichare subjected to cyclic wave storm loading and possibly earthquake loading. Laboratory model pile tests can be performed on a variety of soils undercontrolled conditions of lateral stress, vertical stress, degree ofconsolidation, and degree of saturation. The purpose of this research was to develop an improved Rod Shear device, atriaxial-type test apparatus using an instrumented model pile, for determiningthe mechanism of degradation of skin friction in clays under cyclic axialloading. The amount of load that the soil can support without failure is known as thesoil resistance or pile capacity. During cyclic loading, the ability of thesoil to carry a load may decrease. Less load is transferred from the pile tothe soil as the skin friction, i.e. the shear transfer, degrades. Past researchhas shown that the pile capacity under cyclic loads may be significantly lessthan the static capacity (Matlock and Holmquist [1]; Bogard and Matlock [2];Briaud and Felio [3]; Poulos [4,5,6]). The degradation of skin friction may bedue to changes in pore water pressure and the migration of pore water and/ordue to realignment of clay particles (Bogard and Matlock [2]).
Measurements of the complex degree of spectral coherence by use of a wave-front-folded interferometer (1997)

A wave-front-folded interferometer composed of a Kösters prism and an image-forming lens provides a good way of measuring the complex degree of spectral coherence. Demonstrative experiments are implemented by incorporation of uncorrelated two-point spectral sources in the primary-source plane; these sources establish a spatially partially coherent wave field over the secondary source plane just in front of the interferometer. The complex degree of spectral coherence of the secondary source is successfully measured after an a priori calibration is made for the interferometer that was constructed.
CRFP: A Novel Adaptive Replacement Policy Combined the LRU and LFU Policies (2008)

A variety of cache replacement algorithms have been proposed and applied in different situations, in which the LRU (least recently used) and LFU (least frequently used) replacement policies are two of the most popular policies. However, most real systems donpsilat consider obtaining a maximized throughput by switching between the two policies in response to the access pattern. In this paper, we propose a novel adaptive replacement policy that combined the LRU and LFU Policies (CRFP); CRFP is self-tuning and can switch between different cache replacement policies adaptively and dynamically in response to the access pattern changes.Conducting simulations with a variety of file access patterns and a wide range of buffer size, we show that the CRFP outperforms other algorithms in many cases and performs the best in most of these cases.
Use of Layered Metal Phosphonates for the Design and Construction of Molecular Materials (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of Layered Metal Phosphonates for the Design and Construction of Molecular MaterialsMark E. ThompsonCite this: Chem. Mater. 1994, 6, 8, 1168–1175Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00044a015https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00044a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views747Altmetric-Citations214LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Atoms Talking to SQUIDs (2011)

We present a scheme to couple trapped $^{87}$Rb atoms to a superconducting flux qubit through a magnetic dipole transition. We plan to trap atoms on the evanescent wave outside an ultrathin fiber to bring the atoms to less than 10 $μ$m above the surface of the superconductor. This hybrid setup lends itself to probing sources of decoherence in superconducting qubits. Our current plan has the intermediate goal of coupling the atoms to a superconducting LC resonator.
Manic Fringe and Lunatic Fringe Modify Different Sites of the Notch2 Extracellular Region, Resulting in Different Signaling Modulation (2001)

Three mammalian fringe proteins are implicated in controlling Notch activation by Delta/Serrate/Lag2 ligands during tissue boundary formation. It was proved recently that they are glycosyltransferases that initiate elongation of O-linked fucose residues attached to epidermal growth factor-like sequence repeats in the extracellular domain of Notch molecules. Here we demonstrate the existence of functional diversity among the mammalian fringe proteins. Although both manic fringe (mFng) and lunatic fringe (lFng) decreased the binding of Jagged1 to Notch2 and not that of Delta1, the decrease by mFng was greater in degree than that by lFng. We also found that both fringe proteins reduced Jagged1-triggered Notch2 signaling, whereas neither affected Delta1-triggered Notch2 signaling. However, the decrease in Jagged1-triggered Notch2 signaling by mFng was again greater than that by lFng. Furthermore, we observed that each fringe protein acted on a different site of the extracellular region of Notch2. Taking these findings together, we propose that the difference in modulatory function of multiple fringe proteins may result from the distinct amino acid sequence specificity targeted by these glycosyltransferases.
Constructive Solid Geometry for Triangulated Polyhedra (1990)

Triangulated polyhedra are simpler to process than arbitrary polyhedra for many graphics operations. Algorithms that compute the boundary representation of a constructive solid geometry (csg) model, however, may perform poorly if the model involves triangulated polyhedral primitives. A new csg algorithm specifically tailored to triangulated primitives is presented. The key features of this algorithm are its global processing of intersections between polyhedra and its avoidance of ray-casting when classifying polyhedra against one another. The new algorithm is shown to perform substantially better than one published algorithm, and arguments are presented suggesting its benefits over several others in the context of an interactive modeling environment.
Characterization of the neurotoxic potential of m-methoxy-MPTP and the use of its N-ethyl analog as a means of avoiding exposure to a possible Parkinson-causing agent (1986)

1-Methyl-4-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (2) produced persistent depletion of striatal dopamine in mice after four daily injections, although it was less potent than 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). MPTP has been implicated as a cause of Parkinsonism in drug abusers who inadvertently self-administered it and in industrial chemists who were exposed to it. Our results suggest that the m-methoxy compound has the same neurotoxic potential to cause destruction of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons that would lead to Parkinsonian symptoms in humans. In contrast, 1-ethyl-4-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (11) had no effects on striatal dopamine in mice, even at doses 8 times those of MPTP. A method of preparing 11 and using it as an intermediate in the synthesis of potential analgesic drugs, thus avoiding a potentially neurotoxic intermediate, is described.
Soluble forms of the high-affinity fibroblast growth factor receptor in human vitreous fluid. (1995)

Vitreous fluid contains 70- to 85-kd and 55-kd FGF-BPs that have biochemical and immunologic characteristics similar to the extracellular domain of the high-affinity FGF receptor. These naturally occurring FGF-BPs may sequester free FGF in the vitreous cavity and may modulate the biologic activity of FGF in vitreoretinal diseases.
<title>Identification of pain from infant cry vocalizations using artificial neural networks (ANNs)</title> (1995)

The analysis of infant cry vocalizations has been the focus of a number of efforts over the past thirty years. Since the infant cry is one of the only means that an infant has for communicating with its care-giving environment, it is thought that information regarding the state of an infant, such as hunger or pain, can be determined from an infant's cry. To date, research groups have determined that adult listeners can differentiate between different types of cries auditorialy, and at least one group has attempted to automate this classification process. This paper presents the results of another attempt at automating the discrimination process, this time using artificial neural networks (ANNs). The input data consists of successive frames of one or two parametric representations generated from the first second of a cry following the application of either an anger, fear, or pain stimulus. From tests conducted to date, it is determined that ANNs are a useful tool for cry classification and merit further study in this domain.
High throughput parallel synthesis of oligonucleotides with 1536 channel synthesizer (2002)

A 1536 channel oligonucleotide synthesizer, the MultiSyn, was developed with the capability to simultaneously synthesize 1536 oligonucleotides of 20mer length in 10 h. The instrument was designed to synthesize different sequences of various lengths in micro-wells and has synthesized oligonucleotides as long as 119 nt with reasonably good yields using CPG beads of 1000 A pore size. The instrument consists of four 384 channel synthesis modules. Phosphoramidite chemistry was employed and step yields as high as 99.3% were achieved. The enhancement of oligonucleotide synthesis throughput is accomplished by increasing the spatial density of reaction wells. We have identified several parameters that are critical in achieving a good synthesis yield and negligible failure rate in small reaction wells. The coefficient of variation (CV) of product yields in 1536 reaction wells was 20%. The quality of the product was examined by capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. The instrument has robustly synthesized oligonucleotides of various lengths for use as primers and probes for PCR amplifications, oligonucleotide microarrays and genotyping applications. This high throughput oligonucleotide synthesizer is a useful instrument for genomic applications, which require tens of thousands of probes or primers in a short time.
Laboratory Diagnosis of COVID-19: Current Issues and Challenges (2020)

The COVID-19 outbreak has had a major impact on clinical microbiology laboratories in the past several months. This commentary covers current issues and challenges for the laboratory diagnosis of infections caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In the preanalytical stage, collecting the proper respiratory tract specimen at the right time from the right anatomic site is essential for a prompt and accurate molecular diagnosis of COVID-19. Appropriate measures are required to keep laboratory staff safe while producing reliable test results. In the analytic stage, real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assays remain the molecular test of choice for the etiologic diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection while antibody-based techniques are being introduced as supplemental tools. In the postanalytical stage, testing results should be carefully interpreted using both molecular and serological findings. Finally, random-access, integrated devices available at the point of care with scalable capacities will facilitate the rapid and accurate diagnosis and monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 infections and greatly assist in the control of this outbreak.
Progress in modeling of SMT &#x201C;stress memorization technique&#x201D; and prediction of stress enhancement by a novel PMOS SMT process (2008)

In this paper, we report progress in the modeling of stress memorization technique (SMT). We show that source/drain deformation plays a critical role in providing enhanced channel stress during SMT process. Stress enhancement as a function of the distance to gate edge of the amorphized source/drain regions is studied. We also propose a novel PMOS SMT process and demonstrate in simulation significant drive current gain additive to that of embedded SiGe process.