gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis and enhancement for the current and future IEEE 802.11 MAC protocols (2003)

The IEEE 802.11 specifications provide up to 54 Mbps data rates, respectively. The industry is seeking Higher Data Rates (HDR's) over 100Mbps for IEEE 802.11a extension. However, the medium access control (MAC), which they are based upon, is the same. In this paper, we explore the overhead of HDR's to find out whether the MAC is good enough for the increasing data rates and what to expect as the industry seeks higher data rates. We prove that a theoretical throughput upper limit and a theoretical delay lower limit exist for IEEE 802.11 protocols. The existence of such limits indicates that the overhead must be reduced to get good performance for HDR's. Otherwise, the enhanced performance of HDR's is limited and bounded even when the data rate becomes infinitely high. Both reducing overhead and pursuing HDR's are therefore necessary and important. In order to reduce overhead, we propose a burst transmission and acknowledgement (BTA) mechanism, in which, instead of acknowledging each frame, a burst of frames is received first, and then the whole burst is acknowledged one time. Our study shows that with the BTA mechanism, overhead has been greatly reduced and performance has been greatly improved.
Tissue-Engineered Small Diameter Arterial Vascular Grafts from Cell-Free Nanofiber PCL/Chitosan Scaffolds in a Sheep Model (2016)

Tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) have the potential to overcome the issues faced by existing small diameter prosthetic grafts by providing a biodegradable scaffold where the patient's own cells can engraft and form functional neotissue. However, applying classical approaches to create arterial TEVGs using slow degrading materials with supraphysiological mechanical properties, typically results in limited host cell infiltration, poor remodeling, stenosis, and calcification. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of novel small diameter arterial TEVGs created using fast degrading material. A 1.0mm and 5.0mm diameter TEVGs were fabricated with electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) and chitosan (CS) blend nanofibers. The 1.0mm TEVGs were implanted in mice (n = 3) as an unseeded infrarenal abdominal aorta interposition conduit., The 5.0mm TEVGs were implanted in sheep (n = 6) as an unseeded carotid artery (CA) interposition conduit. Mice were followed with ultrasound and sacrificed at 6 months. All 1.0mm TEVGs remained patent without evidence of thrombosis or aneurysm formation. Based on small animal outcomes, sheep were followed with ultrasound and sacrificed at 6 months for histological and mechanical analysis. There was no aneurysm formation or calcification in the TEVGs. 4 out of 6 grafts (67%) were patent. After 6 months in vivo, 9.1 ± 5.4% remained of the original scaffold. Histological analysis of patent grafts demonstrated deposition of extracellular matrix constituents including elastin and collagen production, as well as endothelialization and organized contractile smooth muscle cells, similar to that of native CA. The mechanical properties of TEVGs were comparable to native CA. There was a significant positive correlation between TEVG wall thickness and CD68+ macrophage infiltration into the scaffold (R2 = 0.95, p = 0.001). The fast degradation of CS in our novel TEVG promoted excellent cellular infiltration and neotissue formation without calcification or aneurysm. Modulating host macrophage infiltration into the scaffold is a key to reducing excessive neotissue formation and stenosis.
THE GENETICS OF PROTEIN DEGRADATION IN BACTERIA (1980)

Orthologs and paralogs are two fundamentally different types of homologous genes that evolved, respectively, by vertical descent from a single ancestral gene and by duplication. Orthology and paralogy are key concepts of evolutionary genomics. A ...Read More
Tubulin bound to colchicine forms polymers different from microtubules. (1982)

The purified tubulin-colchicine complex undergoes in vitro polymerization under the same conditions that promote the assembly of microtubules from purified tubulin. The need for a critical concentration, the apparent free energy change of the reaction, and the effects of divalent cations and nucleotide binding indicate interactions similar to those involved in microtubule formation. The large polymers formed are not microtubules, suggesting that the mode of action of the antimitotic drug may be the production of an incorrect bonding geometry between tubulin molecules.
Comparison of Controlled Radical Styrene Polymerizations in Bulk and Nonaqueous Dispersion (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTComparison of Controlled Radical Styrene Polymerizations in Bulk and Nonaqueous DispersionMatthias Hölderle, Martin Baumert, and Rolf MülhauptView Author Information Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum und Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie der Albert-Ludwigs Universität, Stefan-Meier Strasse 21, D-79104 Freiburg i.Br., Germany Cite this: Macromolecules 1997, 30, 11, 3420–3422Publication Date (Web):June 2, 1997Publication History Received15 October 1996Revised24 March 1997Published online2 June 1997Published inissue 1 June 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma961517rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma961517rrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views274Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Colloids,Polymer particles,Polymerization,Radical polymerization Get e-Alerts
Enhanced susceptibility to cytotoxic T lymphocytes without increase of MHC class I antigen expression after conditional overexpression of heat shock protein 70 in target cells (1999)

Antigenic peptides have been found associated with heat shock proteins (HSP) including cytoplasmic HSP70 and heat shock cognate protein 70 as well as the endoplasmic reticulum-resident glucose-regulated protein 94. Recently, HSP70 transfection has been reported to increase MHC class I cell surface expression and antigen presentation on mouse melanoma B16 cells (Wells et al., Int. Immunol. 1998. 10: 609). To analyze the effect of HSP70 on MHC class I cell surface expression and lysability of target cells we transfected a human melanoma cell line with the rat Hsp70-1 gene using the Tet-On system for conditional overexpression of HSP70. Induction of HSP70 did not increase cell surface expression of HLA class I molecules in general or individual HLA-A and B antigens in particular. Nonetheless, induction of HSP70 enhanced susceptibility of these cells to lysis by allospecific CTL. The same effect was observed using an HLA-A2-restricted tyrosinase-specific CTL clone after pulsing the tyrosinase-negative target cells with the specific peptide. Thus, HSP70 induction can increase killing by CTL without affecting MHC class I cell surface expression or antigen processing. This effect of HSP70 appears to be different from the commonly found protection exerted by HSP70 against stress like heat shock, and might be mediated by improving CTL-induced apoptosis.
Wireless Pulmonary Artery Pressure Monitoring Guides Management to Reduce Decompensation in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction (2014)

http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00531661.
The Dominance of Cyclic Sliding in Producing Wear in Total Knee Replacements (1991)

From a literature survey, it was evident that a wide variety of kinematic conditions occur at the femoral-tibial bearing surfaces, including various degrees of rolling and sliding. A test machine was constructed to reproduce these conditions, applied to spherical-ended metal 'femoral' components acting on a flat polyethylene 'tibial' plateau. The load was cyclic at 2.2 kN for 10 million cycles with distilled water lubricant. For cyclic load only, a shiny depression was formed. With oscillating and sliding superimposed, there was severe surface and subsurface cracking resulting in high wear. When rolling motion was applied, a shiny wear track was formed with minimal cracking and wear. Such surface phenomena were observed in retrieved knee specimens, probably reflecting the kinematics associated with the knee. Low-conformity components inserted with high ligamentous laxity are susceptible to anteroposterior sliding and hence high wear. More-conforming components are less susceptible to wear because they limit sliding as well as reduce contact stresses.
Abstract 5446: FPA144: A therapeutic antibody for treating patients with gastric cancers bearing FGFR2 gene amplification (2014)

Abstract A subset of patients with gastric cancer have an amplification of the receptor tyrosine kinase fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene. The amplification is most common in the diffuse type of gastric cancer and its presence correlates with poor patient prognosis. Although it has been reported that there is high expression of FGFR2 protein in patients with the amplification, it has been unknown which of the two major FGFR2 isoforms, FGFR2b or 2c, is expressed. In this study, we demonstrate, by both qPCR and immunohistochemistry using FGFR2b-selective antibodies, that it is the FGFR2b isoform, and not FGFR2c, that is overexpressed in gastric cancer tumors that contain the FGFR2 amplification. Five Prime Therapeutics has developed an FGFR2b-specific antibody, FPA144, to treat patients with gastric cancers bearing amplification of the FGFR2 gene. FPA144 is glycoengineered for enhanced antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC). FPA144 causes tumor growth inhibition by 72% to 100% in gastric cancer xenograft models with FGFR2 gene amplification that overexpress the FGFR2b protein isoform. In the SNU-16 model, FPA144 reduces the levels of FGFR2b protein expressed in the tumors by approximately 50%, and decreases both FGFR2b phosphorylation and phosphorylation of the downstream effector, FRS2. The anti-tumor effect of FPA144 is additive with the standard of care chemotherapy regimens of 5-fluoruracil/cisplatin and paclitaxel in the OCUM-2 gastric cancer xenograft model. Since FPA144, unlike small molecule FGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, blocks signaling by only the FGFR2b and not the other FGFRs, we expect a favorable toxicology profile, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy. In addition, by engaging immune effector cells for direct tumor cell killing, FPA144 has a second mechanism of action that small molecule FGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors do not have. We anticipate starting clinical trials of FPA144 in the last quarter of 2014. Citation Format: Abigael T. Gemo, Amit M. Deshpande, Servando Palencia, David I. Bellovin, Thomas J. Brennan, Namrata S. Patil, Carol Huang, Gerrit Los, Kristen L. Pierce. FPA144: A therapeutic antibody for treating patients with gastric cancers bearing FGFR2 gene amplification. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5446. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5446
Adaptation of the Unterzaucher procedure for determination of oxygen-18 in organic substances (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdaptation of the Unterzaucher procedure for determination of oxygen-18 in organic substancesJeffrey. Santrock and J. M. HayesCite this: Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 1, 119–127Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00128a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00128a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views105Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mucin Glycosylating Enzyme GALNT2 Regulates the Malignant Character of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Modifying the EGF Receptor (2011)

Extracellular glycosylation is a critical determinant of malignant character. Here, we report that N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (GALNT2), the enzyme that mediates the initial step of mucin type-O glycosylation, is a critical mediator of malignant character in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that acts by modifying the activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). GALNT2 mRNA and protein were downregulated frequently in HCC tumors where these events were associated with vascular invasion and recurrence. Restoring GALNT2 expression in HCC cells suppressed EGF-induced cell growth, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the status of the O-glycans attached to the EGFR was altered by GALNT2, changing EGFR responses after EGF binding. Inhibiting EGFR activity with erlotinib decreased the malignant characters caused by siRNA-mediated knockdown of GALNT2 in HCC cells, establishing the critical role of EGFR in mediating the effects of GALNT2 expression. Taken together, our results suggest that GALNT2 dysregulation contributes to the malignant behavior of HCC cells, and they provide novel insights into the significance of O-glycosylation in EGFR activity and HCC pathogenesis.
The Pai‐associated leuX specific tRNALeu5 affects type 1 fimbriation in pathogenic Escherichia coli by control of FimB recombinase expression (1997)

The uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain 536 (06:K15:H31) carries two large chromosomal pathogenicity islands (Pais). Both Pais are flanked by tRNA genes. Spontaneous deletion of Pai II results in truncation of the leuX tRNA5Leu gene. This tRNA is required for the expression of type 1 fimbriae (Fim) and other virulence factors. Transcription of fimA, encoding the major type 1 fimbrial subunit is controlled by an invertable DNA switch. The inversion is catalysed by two recombinases, FimB and FimE. FimB is able to turn the switch on, FimE only off. The fimB gene of strain 536 contains five TTG codons recognized by tRNA5Leu, fimE contains only two. It was proposed that turning on the fim switch requires efficient translation of FimB, in turn requiring tRNA5Leu. Strains in which the TTG codons in fimB were replaced with CTG codons at the wild-type locus were able to produce type 1 fimbriae in the absence of leuX. fimB transcription was influenced by the presence of leuX, but only slightly affected by the presence or absence of leuX codons in fimB. FimB translation was significantly higher from codon-replaced fimB genes than that of wild-type fimB genes in various strain backgrounds. The fim switch was shown to be switched off in leuX-derivatives of E. coli 536, but could be found in the on position when the codon-altered fimB gene was exchanged into the chromosome of these strains. From these data, it is apparent that tRNA5Leu is required for efficient translation of FimB, in turn, leading to type 1 fimbrial expression.
Structure of Trichamide, a Cyclic Peptide from the Bloom-Forming Cyanobacterium Trichodesmium erythraeum , Predicted from the Genome Sequence (2006)

A gene cluster for the biosynthesis of a new small cyclic peptide, dubbed trichamide, was discovered in the genome of the global, bloom-forming marine cyanobacterium Trichodesmium erythraeum ISM101 because of striking similarities to the previously characterized patellamide biosynthesis cluster. The tri cluster consists of a precursor peptide gene containing the amino acid sequence for mature trichamide, a putative heterocyclization gene, an oxidase, two proteases, and hypothetical genes. Based upon detailed sequence analysis, a structure was predicted for trichamide and confirmed by Fourier transform mass spectrometry. Trichamide consists of 11 amino acids, including two cysteine-derived thiazole groups, and is cyclized by an N C terminal amide bond. As the first natural product reported from T. erythraeum, trichamide shows the power of genome mining in the prediction and discovery of new natural products.
Predictive Dialing Fundamentals (1996)

Who should read this book? This is a must read if you're a newcomer to predictive dialers and responsible for analyzing, recommending and deploying inbound and outbound call center solutions; or, if you're in the midst of implementing a predictive dialer,
Identification and immunological characterization of the domain of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin that determines its specificity for human target cells. (1994)

Although extensive amino acid homology exists among the various Repeats in ToXin (RTX) family of bacterial cytolysins, the cellular and species specificities remain unique for individual toxins (i.e. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin (LtxA) kills human monomyelocytes while a related toxin, Pasteurella hemeolytica leukotoxin (LktA) kills bovine lymphoid cells). To determine the Ltx domain responsible for species specificity, ltxA/lktA chimeric toxin genes were expressed in tandem with the ltxC gene under control of the P lambda promoter. The ability of lysates to kill either HL-60 (human) or BL-3 (bovine) cells was assessed by trypan blue exclusion. The critical area required for the chimeric toxins to recognize human target cells is a 253-amino acid fragment (residue 688-941) that contains the GGXGXDX(L[I[V[W[Y[F)X repeats. A panel of 12 neutralizing anti-LtxA monoclonal antibodies also recognized specificities within the 253-amino acid fragment. Epitope mapping of the monoclonal antibody panel showed that all antibodies bound to one of three sites on the LtxA molecule. One monoclonal recognized epitope A which was composed of LtxA residues 698-709 (KLDYYYTNKGFK), six antibodies recognized epitope B, a peptide composed of residues 746-757 (LIYGYDGDDRLY), whereas the remaining five monoclonals recognized epitope C, which is composed of residues 926-937 (DRARLKRQFELQ).
Bonding durability of photocured phenyl-P in TEGDMA to smear layer-retained bovine dentin. (1993)

The long-term durability of a photocured resin bond to ground bovine dentin with its smear layer retained was investigated. The bonding resin that was employed was composed of 5.0 wt% 2-(methacryloxy)ethyl phenyl hydrogen phosphate (phenyl-P) as a diffusion-promoting monomer, 0.5 wt% camphorquinone as a photosensitizer, and 0.5 wt% N-phenylglycine as a reducing agent in triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate. Following polymerization of the bonding resin, a composite resin was placed and photocured for 60 seconds. Prepared specimens were stored in 37 degrees C water for 1 day, 6 months, and 1 year. Measured tensile bond strengths were 6.7 MPa after 1 day of storage, 4.1 MPa after 6 months of storage, and 2.8 mPa after 1 year of storage. Examinations of the interfaces after fracture under tensile loading suggested that long-term water-immersion weakened the bonds between the photocured adhesive resin and the smear layer-retained dentin because there was insufficient diffusion of the adhesive resin through the retained smear layer.
Small-Animal PET Imaging of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Type 2 Expression with Site-Specific 18F-Labeled Protein Scaffold Molecules (2008)

Overall, these data demonstrate that (18)F-FBO-Z(HER2:477) is a promising PET probe for imaging HER2 expression in living mice. It has a high potential for translation to clinical applications. The radiofluorination method developed can also be used as a general strategy for the site-specific labeling of other proteins with (18)F. The protein scaffold molecules used here are attractive for the further development of PET probes for other molecular targets.
Browsing with dynamic key frame collages in Web-based entertainment video services (2003)

We discuss video browsing in the context of Web-based entertainment video services. We propose dynamic collages of key frames as a suitable technique for rapid evaluation of moderately-sized sets of candidate videos that have been selected via hierarchical browsing or querying techniques elsewhere in the interface. Dynamic key frame collages integrate temporal and spatial layout, and thus potentially retain the advantages of each. We relate our designs to the research of Marchionini (1998) and colleagues, who have evaluated the effectiveness of other temporal and spatial key frame presentation techniques.