gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fibrin sealant in wound repair: a systematic survey of the literature (2000)

Fibrin sealants have recently been approved for clinical use in the US by the FDA and have been available for clinical use in Europe for years. The indication for use in the US is haemostasis. Nevertheless, both commercial and non-commercial fibrin sealant preparations are also for wound healing and for prevention of abdominal adhesions in the US and Europe. To the non-cognoscenti of fibrin sealants, their use to promote wound repair and to prevent abdominal adhesions appears contradictory since an agent that promotes connective tissue repair might be expected to promote abdominal adhesion rather than prevent them. In this systematic survey of the animal and clinical data evidence is presented that supports both off-label uses. However there is much inconsistency in the data secondary to the use of various fibrin sealant preparations, different animal models and clinical situations and different application techniques. It is clear from this survey that standard preparation and application of fibrin sealant for a particular surgical setting are needed to resolve the many apparent discrepancies in the literature. A corollary to this is the likelihood that different fibrin sealant preparations may be preferred for different clinical situations.
Effect of Renin, Angiotensin II and Aldosterone on Erythropoiesis (1966)

Erythrocyte radioiron incorporation following administration of renin, angiotensin II or aldosterone was not altered suggesting that these substances do not have erythropoietic stimulating properties. In addition, maintenance of rats on a sodium-deficient diet for a 3-week period in order to effect increased endogenous renin and aldosterone production produced no alteration in the red blood cell mass. The significance of these results in relation to the renal origin of erythropoietin is discussed.
Inhibition of GTP-utilizing enzymes by tyrphostins. (1994)

Tyrphostins are a group of organic compounds which are widely used as a tool to specifically inhibit protein tyrosine kinases (Yaish, P., Gazit, A., Gilon, C., and levitzki A. (1988) Science 242, 933-935; Gazit, A., Yaish, P., Gilon, C., and Levitzki A. (1989) J. Med. Chem. 32, 2344-2352; Lyall, R. M., Zilberstein, A., Gazit, A., Gilon, C., Levitzki, A., and Schlessinger J. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 14503-14509; Osherov, N., Gazit, A., Gilon, C., and Levitzki, A. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 11134-11142). We report here that members of the tyrphostin family inhibit the GTPase activity of transducin and the enzymatic activities of other GTP-utilizing proteins in retinal rod outer segments, such as guanylyl cyclase or fructose-6-phosphate kinase. In contrast, ATP-utilizing enzymes such as hexokinase or rhodopsin kinase were not effected.
Curcumin and Turmeric Delay Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Cataract in Rats (2005)

The results indicate that turmeric and curcumin are effective against the development of diabetic cataract in rats. Further, these results imply that ingredients in the study's dietary sources, such as turmeric, may be explored for anticataractogenic agents that prevent or delay the development of cataract.
Hydrogen sulfide mediates the vasoactivity of garlic (2007)

The consumption of garlic is inversely correlated with the progression of cardiovascular disease, although the responsible mechanisms remain unclear. Here we show that human RBCs convert garlic-derived organic polysulfides into hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S), an endogenous cardioprotective vascular cell signaling molecule. This H(2)S production, measured in real time by a novel polarographic H(2)S sensor, is supported by glucose-maintained cytosolic glutathione levels and is to a large extent reliant on reduced thiols in or on the RBC membrane. H(2)S production from organic polysulfides is facilitated by allyl substituents and by increasing numbers of tethering sulfur atoms. Allyl-substituted polysulfides undergo nucleophilic substitution at the alpha carbon of the allyl substituent, thereby forming a hydropolysulfide (RS(n)H), a key intermediate during the formation of H(2)S. Organic polysulfides (R-S(n)-R'; n > 2) also undergo nucleophilic substitution at a sulfur atom, yielding RS(n)H and H(2)S. Intact aorta rings, under physiologically relevant oxygen levels, also metabolize garlic-derived organic polysulfides to liberate H(2)S. The vasoactivity of garlic compounds is synchronous with H(2)S production, and their potency to mediate relaxation increases with H(2)S yield, strongly supporting our hypothesis that H(2)S mediates the vasoactivity of garlic. Our results also suggest that the capacity to produce H(2)S can be used to standardize garlic dietary supplements.
A task to manipulate attentional load, set-shifting, and inhibitory control: Convergent validity and test–retest reliability of the Parametric Go/No-Go Test (2007)

Traditional neuropsychological measures of executive functioning are difficult to employ in functional imaging and clinical trial contexts and have tremendous practice effects. They also have poor sensitivity and specificity, while test-retest reliability is often not assessed in computer-based tests. The present study evaluates some psychometric properties of a new Parametric Go/No-Go (PGNG) Task. The PGNG consists of three levels of difficulty assessing attention, set-shifting, and processing speed, with the two more difficult levels assessing inhibitory control. A total of 63 healthy control participants were recruited at two sites to evaluate the psychometric properties of the PGNG. The PGNG was found to have solid parametric characteristics and strong test-retest reliability. Modest convergent validity was also demonstrated with other executive-functioning tests. Learning effects were significantly less than those for the Trail Making Test. The present results provide solid initial support for the validity and reliability of the PGNG.
<title>Micromachined scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer</title> (1998)

In this talk, a micromachined scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) employing electrostatic actuators and tuned to the visible spectrum is described. Previous authors have demonstrated micromachined Fabry-Perot devices. The FPI described here offers a simpler process flow and a broader tuning range. The FPI is constructed by separately fabricating a MEMS actuator and semi-transparent optical mirrors. These are then assembled to complete the device. The completed device consists of two plane parallel mirrors separated by a small gap (&lt; 1 micrometers ). The gap is formed by a sacrificial layer which is etched away to free the gold beams. Devices have been fabricated using single layer aluminum mirrors. Modeling results of devices incorporating dielectric multi-layer stacks will be discussed. Present devices are suitable for scanning the entire visible region of the spectrum 450 - 750 nm. Actuating voltages of approximately 60 V are required. Devices fabricated with aluminum mirrors have resolving powers of up to 50. Proposed applications include in situ measurements of plasma composition, colorimetric, and chemical analysis.
Angular tolerant resonant grating filters under oblique incidence (2005)

Resonant grating filters have been proposed as a promising alternative to multilayer stacks for narrowband free-space filtering. The efficiency of such filters under normal incidence has been demonstrated. Unfortunately, under oblique incidence, the limited angular tolerance of the resonance forbids any filtering applications with use of standard collimated incident beams. Using a multimode planar waveguide and a bi-atom grating, we show how to increase the angular tolerance up to the divergence of standard beams (0.2 deg) without modifying the spectral bandwidth (0.1 nm), under any oblique angle of incidence.
The effect of BCG-vaccine upon experimental visceral leishmaniasis in hamsters. (1985)

Stimulation with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine has been reported to enhance resistance of mice against Leishmania donovani infection. Such infection is usually lethal in hamsters, thus providing a more stringent animal model to assess the effect of BCG upon visceral leishmaniasis. Animals receive two IP injections (2-8 X 10(7) BCG) pre or post IC challenge with 4 X 10(6) amastigotes. Controls received BCG alone (with no infection) or were untreated (NT). Pretreated animals exhibited significantly fewer (P less than 0.05) hepatic or splenic amastigotes than NT animals at days 7, 14, and 28 post challenge, but most BCG treated hamsters died earlier than NT. Post treated hamsters showed no significant reduction in parasite burdens, or in median time to death as compared to NT group. Hamsters which received BCG but were not infected appeared healthy during the study. The reason for increased susceptibility of BCG-treated hamsters to disease is not clear, but observed pathologic complications of L. donovani infected hamsters appear to be exacerbated by BCG stimulation.
ICP-MS TECHNIQUE FOR QUANTIFICATION OF POTASSIUM AND SODIUM IN SPRAY-DRIED EXTRACT OF SHOOT JUICE OF BANANA PLANT (MUSA BALBISIANA) RESPONSIBLE FOR ANTI- UROLITHIATIC AND DIURETIC ACTIVITY (2014)

Musa balbisiana (Family: Musaceae), is a species of wild variety native to Tamil Nadu commonly known as plantain tree. Ayurvedic physicians of Karnataka and Kerala for the treatment of urinary stones for several centuries recommend the juice from the shoots of this plantain. The juices of Musa balbisiana plantain shoots have been reported for dissolving preformed stones and in preventing the formation of stones in the urinary bladder of rats. Though several studies were available on the nutritional values of banana, data is still unclear with particular reference to the nutritional elements of the shoot. In addition, the underlying mechanism behind their anti-urolithiatic activity remains uninvestigated. Hence, the aqueous extract was studied for its nutritional elements by using recently recommended pharmacopoeial technique, Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results showed that the elements potassium and sodium were present in the aqueous extract in a level sufficient to elicit diuretic activity that may be the reason behind its urolithiatic activity.
Identification of an Ire1alpha endonuclease specific inhibitor with cytotoxic activity against human multiple myeloma (2010)

Activation of the adaptive Ire1-XBP1 pathway has been identified in many solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, including multiple myeloma (MM). Here, we report the identification of STF-083010, a novel small-molecule inhibitor of Ire1. STF-083010 inhibited Ire1 endonuclease activity, without affecting its kinase activity, after endoplasmic reticulum stress both in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with STF-083010 showed significant antimyeloma activity in model human MM xenografts. Similarly, STF-083010 was preferentially toxic to freshly isolated human CD138(+) MM cells compared with other similarly isolated cell populations. The identification of this novel Ire1 inhibitor supports the hypothesis that the Ire1-XBP1 axis is a promising target for anticancer therapy, especially in the context of MM.
Interleukin-18 (IFNgamma-inducing factor) induces IL-8 and IL-1beta via TNFalpha production from non-CD14+ human blood mononuclear cells. (1998)

IL-18 is synthesized as a precursor molecule without a signal peptide but requires the IL-1beta converting enzyme (ICE, caspase-1) for cleavage into a mature peptide. Human precursor IL-18 was expressed, purified, and cleaved by ICE into a 18-kD mature form. Mature IL-18 induced IL-8, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the absence of any co-stimuli. Blocking IL-1 with IL-1 receptor antagonist resulted in a 50% reduction in IL-8. Neutralization of TNF with TNF binding protein resulted in a 66% reduction in IL-1beta, an 80% reduction of IL-8, and an 88% reduction in mean TNFalpha mRNA. In purified CD14+ cells but not CD3+/CD4+, IL-18 induced gene expression and synthesis of IL-8 and IL-1beta. TNFalpha production was induced in the non-CD14+ population and there was no induction of TNFbeta by IL-18. In purified natural killer cells, IL-18 induced IL-8 that was also inhibited by TNF binding protein. IL-18 did not induce antiinflammatory cytokines, IL-1Ra, or IL-10, although IL-18 induction of TNFalpha was inhibited by IL-10. In the presence of IFNgamma, IL-18-induced TNFalpha was enhanced and there was an increase in the mature form of IL-1beta. We conclude that IL-18 possesses proinflammatory properties by direct stimulation of gene expression and synthesis of TNFalpha from CD3+/CD4+ and natural killer cells with subsequent production of IL-1beta and IL-8 from the CD14+ population.
Smart PSD array for sheet-of-light range imaging (2000)

Sheet-of-light range imaging is an efficient technique for measuring range. A sheet of light is projected onto an object, and the cross-sectional line of the light sheet and the object is recorded with an image sensor. Range is computed by means of triangulation. In this paper we discuss the design and test results on an image sensor specifically designed for sheet-of-light. The sensor consists of an array of rectangular Position Sensitive Detectors (PSD's), combined with an on-chip multiplexer (a `smart' PSD array). A PSD delivers two photocurrents, the ratio of which is a measure for the center of gravity of the light intensity distribution over the PSD. Measurements have shown that the smart PSD-array delivers 2 million range values per second, at a 1:500 resolution. The smart PSD-array consists of an array of PSD's with a 28 micron pitch, and a length of 20 mm. A DSP board takes care of computation of the range data from the PSD signals.
Non‐vacuum methods for formation of Cu(In, Ga)(Se, S)2thin film photovoltaic absorbers (2009)

Abstract Polycrystalline thin films of copper indium diselenide and its alloys with gallium and sulphur (CIGS) have proven to be suitable for use as absorbers in high‐efficiency solar cells. Record efficiency devices of 20% power conversion efficiency have been produced by co‐evaporation of the elements under high vacuum. However, non‐vacuum methods for absorber deposition promise significantly lower capital expenditure and reduced materials costs, and have been used to produce devices with efficiencies of up to 14%. Such efficiencies are already high enough for commercial up‐scaling to be considered and several companies are now trying to develop products based on non‐vacuum deposited CIGS absorbers. This article will review the wide range of non‐vacuum techniques that have been used to deposit CIGS thin films, highlighting the state of the art and efforts towards commercialization. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
A Broad-Spectrum Antibiofilm Peptide Enhances Antibiotic Action against Bacterial Biofilms (2014)

ABSTRACT Biofilm-related infections account for at least 65% of all human infections, but there are no available antimicrobials that specifically target biofilms. Their elimination by available treatments is inefficient since biofilm cells are between 10- and 1,000-fold more resistant to conventional antibiotics than planktonic cells. Here we describe the synergistic interactions, with different classes of antibiotics, of a recently characterized antibiofilm peptide, 1018, to potently prevent and eradicate bacterial biofilms formed by multidrug-resistant ESKAPE ( Enterococcus faecium , Staphylococcus aureus , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Acinetobacter baumannii , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Enterobacter species) pathogens. Combinations of peptide 1018 and the antibiotic ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, or tobramycin were synergistic in 50% of assessments and decreased by 2- to 64-fold the concentration of antibiotic required to treat biofilms formed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Escherichia coli , Acinetobacter baumannii , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Salmonella enterica , and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . Furthermore, in flow cell biofilm studies, combinations of low, subinhibitory levels of the peptide (0.8 μg/ml) and ciprofloxacin (40 ng/ml) decreased dispersal and triggered cell death in mature P. aeruginosa biofilms. In addition, short-term treatments with the peptide in combination with ciprofloxacin prevented biofilm formation and reduced P. aeruginosa PA14 preexisting biofilms. PCR studies indicated that the peptide suppressed the expression of various antibiotic targets in biofilm cells. Thus, treatment with the peptide represents a novel strategy to potentiate antibiotic activity against biofilms formed by multidrug-resistant pathogens.
Factors affecting calcium oxalate dihydrate fragmented calculi regrowth (2006)

The growth rate of COD calculi fragments under pH = 6.5 hypercalciuria conditions was approximately ten times that observed under the other three conditions. This observation suggests COD calculi residual fragments in the kidneys together with hypercalciuria and high urinary pH values may be a risk factor for stone growth. The study also showed the effectiveness of specific crystallization inhibitors in slowing calculi fragment growth.
Robust generation and expansion of skeletal muscle progenitors and myocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (2015)

Human pluripotent stem cells provide a developmental model to study early embryonic and tissue development, tease apart human disease processes, perform drug screens to identify potential molecular effectors of in situ regeneration, and provide a source for cell and tissue based transplantation. Highly efficient differentiation protocols have been established for many cell types and tissues; however, until very recently robust differentiation into skeletal muscle cells had not been possible unless driven by transgenic expression of master regulators of myogenesis. Nevertheless, several breakthrough protocols have been published in the past two years that efficiently generate cells of the skeletal muscle lineage from pluripotent stem cells. Here, we present an updated version of our recently described 50-day protocol in detail, whereby chemically defined media are used to drive and support muscle lineage development from initial CHIR99021-induced mesoderm through to PAX7-expressing skeletal muscle progenitors and mature skeletal myocytes. Furthermore, we report an optional method to passage and expand differentiating skeletal muscle progenitors approximately 3-fold every 2weeks using Collagenase IV and continued FGF2 supplementation. Both protocols have been optimized using a variety of human pluripotent stem cell lines including patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. Taken together, our differentiation and expansion protocols provide sufficient quantities of skeletal muscle progenitors and myocytes that could be used for a variety of studies.
Synthesis of Carbon‐Backbone‐Elongated GDP‐L‐Fucose Derivatives as Substrates for Fucosyltransferase‐Catalysed Reactions (1997)

Abstract Starting from the 6‐ O ‐ tert ‐butyldimethysilyl‐2,3;4,5‐di‐ O ‐isopropylidene‐ D ‐galactose diethyl dithioacetal ( 4 ) and proceeding through a Wittig reaction and Swern oxidation, a series of L ‐fucose analogues, which unlike the normal L ‐fucose possess an extended alkyl‐chain at C ‐5, can be produced. The elongated carbon backbone in the L ‐fucitols ( 22–25 ) as well as in the L ‐fucose derivatives ( 30–33 ) increases the hydrophobic nature of the sugar molecule, promoting liquid‐crystalline properties in both series. The further derivatization of the L ‐fucose analogues 30, 31 leads to the corresponding β‐ L ‐ galacto ‐deco‐ and dodeco‐pyranosyl phosphates 46 , 47 and, in turn, to the respective pyranosyl guanosine 5‐diphosphates 48, 49 . The reaction of the β‐ L ‐galactopyranosyl guanosine 5‐diphosphate 48 with 8‐methoxycarbonyloctyl 2‐acetamido‐2‐deoxy‐4‐ O ‐(β‐ D ‐galactopyranosyl)‐β‐ D ‐glucopyranoside ( 50 ) in the presence of a 3/4‐α‐fucosyltransferase furnished an O ‐glycosidic linkage of the α‐ L ‐galactopdecopyranose 30 at the 3‐ O ‐position of the N ‐acetyllactosamine glycoside 50 . The chemo‐enzymatic coupling reaction proves that the synthesized carbon‐backbone‐elongated L ‐galactopyranosyl guanosine 5‐diphosphates are suitable substrates for the α‐fucosyltransferases.
PDGF upregulates CLEC-2 to induce T regulatory cells (2015)

The effect of platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) on immune cells is not elucidated. Here, we demonstrate PDGF inhibited the maturation of human DCs and induced IL-10 secretion. Culture of PDGF-DCs with T cells induced the polarization of T cells towards FoxP3 expressing T regulatory cells that secreted IL-10. Gene expression studies revealed that PDGF induced the expression of C-type lectin like receptor member 2, (CLEC-2) receptor on DCs. Furthermore, DCs transfected with CLEC-2 induced T regulatory cells in DC-T cell co-culture. CLEC-2 is naturally expressed on platelets. Therefore, to confirm whether CLEC-2 is responsible for inducing the T regulatory cells, T cells were cultured with either CLEC-2 expressing platelets or soluble CLEC-2. Both conditions resulted in the induction of regulatory T cells. The generation of T regulatory cells was probably due to the binding of CLEC-2 with its ligand podoplanin on T cells, since crosslinking of podoplanin on the T cells also resulted in the induction of T regulatory cells. These data demonstrate that PDGF upregulates the expression of CLEC-2 on cells to induce T regulatory cells.
Synthesis of Second-Generation Transition State Analogues of Human Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase (2003)

Purine nucleoside phosphorylases (PNPs) catalyze nucleophilic displacement reactions by migration of the cationic ribooxacarbenium carbon between the fixed purine and phosphate nucleophiles. As the phosphorolysis reaction progresses along the reaction coordinate, the distance between the purine and carbocation increases and the distance between carbocation and phosphate anion decreases. Immucillin-H and Immucillin-G have been shown previously to be potent inhibitors of PNP. We now report the synthesis of a second generation of stable transition state analogues, DADMe-Immucillins 2, 3, and 4, with increased distance between ribooxacarbenium and purine mimics by incorporation of a methylene bridge between these groups. These compounds are potent inhibitors with equilibrium dissociation constants as low as 7 pM against human PNP. Stable chemical analogues of enzymatic transition states are necessarily imperfect since they lack the partial bond character of the transition state. The immucillins and DADMe-Immucillins represent approaches from the product and reaction side of the transition state.