gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inversion of P and SV waves from multicomponent offset vertical seismic profiles (1990)

Abstract Downgoing waves in multicomponent VSP experiments are used to obtain seismic P- and S-wave velocities as a function of depth and angle of incidence. If P and SV waveforms do not overlap in time at the depth of interest, local velocities of the medium are obtained by separate analysis of these events. The apparent velocity of the event (P or SV) is computed from the moveout across several neighboring depth locations. The angle of incidence of the same event is computed from the particle-motion hodogram within an appropriately chosen time window. Then, the local medium velocity (P wave or S wave depending on the chosen event) is given by the apparent velocity multiplied by the cosine of the angle of incidence.Layer interfaces with reasonably sharp velocity contrasts are efficient P-wave to SV-wave converters, even at moderate angles of incidence. In offset VSP experiments, converted SV waves are generated with varying strengths at practically all depths. Consequently, the converted SV waveforms partially overlap with the direct P waveforms, making the separate event analysis difficult and inaccurate. These overlapping waveforms can be handled properly by modeling the data in a given time window as a superposition of several events. In particular, the downgoing data at each depth level are modeled as a superposition of a P wave and an SV wave, with local P and S velocities, angles of incidence, and waveforms as model parameters. These parameters are then estimated by minimizing the squared error between the observed data and the model-generated data. The unknown waveforms are eliminated from the minimization problem, leaving only four nonlinear parameters (velocities and angles) for estimation. Once these four parameters are found, least-squares estimates of waveforms are obtained by evaluating a simple expression.
Devices and microsystems in the automotive industry (2005)

The advances in semiconductor design and development and manufacturing processes enable the integration, in the same device or in the same package, of analog, digital and power devices using single and multi-die solutions. In last years these technologies have evolved rapidly, extending voltage capability and integrating highly complex subsystems such as communication controllers or microcontroller units. Automotive industry has been one of the drivers behind the development of these technologies and has rapidly incorporated them in new developments.
Image and depth from a conventional camera with a coded aperture (2007)

A conventional camera captures blurred versions of scene information away from the plane of focus. Camera systems have been proposed that allow for recording all-focus images, or for extracting depth, but to record both simultaneously has required more extensive hardware and reduced spatial resolution. We propose a simple modification to a conventional camera that allows for the simultaneous recovery of both (a) high resolution image information and (b) depth information adequate for semi-automatic extraction of a layered depth representation of the image. Our modification is to insert a patterned occluder within the aperture of the camera lens, creating a coded aperture. We introduce a criterion for depth discriminability which we use to design the preferred aperture pattern. Using a statistical model of images, we can recover both depth information and an all-focus image from single photographs taken with the modified camera. A layered depth map is then extracted, requiring user-drawn strokes to clarify layer assignments in some cases. The resulting sharp image and layered depth map can be combined for various photographic applications, including automatic scene segmentation, post-exposure refocusing, or re-rendering of the scene from an alternate viewpoint.
A Portable Fill‐and‐Flow Channel Biosensor with an Electrode to Predict the Effect of Interferences (2004)

Abstract A portable fill‐and‐flow channel biosensor with a “predictor electrode” is described. The predictor electrode, on the opposite channel wall and upstream of the detector electrode, allows direct evaluation of the current due to interfering species at the detector electrode. A model is developed which shows that the reaction at the upstream predictor electrode has no significant effect on the concentration distribution of the interfering species at the detector electrode. This enables a straightforward correction of the current at the detector electrode and a determination of the analyte concentration. The effect of interference from ascorbic acid in the detection of glucose in samples was efficiently removed by using such a concept. The recovery of glucose from samples containing ascorbic acid was 103% ( s =12%, n =3). The approach was also applied to a biosensor for the determination of glucose in red wine samples containing polyphenolic interferents.
Complex Formation in Cationic Dye–Organic Anion Systems in Aqueous Solution (1985)

Abstract The interaction between a cationic dye, Methylene Blue (MB), and organic anions (1-naphthalenesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, 1-naphthaleneacetate, 2-anthracenesulfonate, 2,7-naphthalenedisulfonate, and 1,3,6-naphthalenetrisulfonate) in aqueous solution has been investigated by means of absorption and fluorescence spectra. The red shifts of the absorption and fluorescence spectra of MB caused by the addition of the organic monoanion are attributed to the 1:1 complex formation between MB and the organic anion. The thermodynamic quantities as well as the equilibrium constants for the complex formation have been determined. From the finding that the absorption spectrum of MB is not affected by the addition of ethanesulfonate, it is concluded that the complex formation is due to the interaction between the MB cation and the aromatic ring in the organic anion. The addition of polyanion (e.g., 2,7-naphthalenedisulfonate) in the low-concentration range accelerates the dimerization of MB; whereas, in the high-concentration range, the formation of the 1:1 complex rather than the MB dimer is dominant. Studies on the complex formation with monoanions have also been made for Rhodamine 6G, Pyronine G, Safranin T, and Crystal Violet, and similar results to that for MB have been obtained.
Equol: A Comparison of the Effects of the Racemic Compound With That of the Purified S-Enantiomer on the Growth, Invasion, and DNA Integrity of Breast and Prostate Cells In Vitro (2006)

It has been postulated that the R- and S-equol enantiomers have different biological properties given their different binding affinities for the estrogen receptor. S-(-)equol is produced via the bacterial conversion of the soy isoflavone daidzein in the gut. We have compared the biological effects of purified S-equol to that of racemic (R and S) equol on breast and prostate cancer cells of varying receptor status in vitro. Both racemic and S-equol inhibited the growth of the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 (> or = 10 microM) and the prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP (> or = 5 microM) and LAPC-4 (> or = 2.5 microM). The compounds also showed equipotent effects in inhibiting the invasion of MDA-MB-231 and PC-3 cancer cells through matrigel. S-equol (1, 10, 30 microM) was unable to prevent DNA damage in MCF-7 or MCF-10A breast cells following exposure to 2-hydroxy-4-nonenal, menadione, or benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide. In contrast, racemic equol (10, 30 microM) prevented DNA damage in MCF-10A cells following exposure to 2-hydroxy-4-nonenal or menadione. These findings suggest that racemic equol has strong antigenotoxic activity in contrast to the purified S-equol enantiomer implicating the R-, rather than the S-enantiomer as being responsible for the antioxidant effects of equol, a finding that may have implications for the in vivo chemoprotective properties of equol.
Neuroprotective Activities of CEP-1347 in Models of NeuroAIDS (2009)

When the nervous system is infected with HIV-1, it commonly results in neuroinflammation leading to overt neuronal dysfunction and subsequent cognitive and behavioral impairments. The multifaceted disease process, now referred to as HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), provides a range of molecular targets for adjunctive therapies. One is CEP-1347, an inhibitor of mixed lineage kinases that elicits neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory responses in models of neurodegenerative diseases. Since HAND is associated with inflammatory encephalopathy induced by virus infection and mononuclear phagocytes (perivascular macrophages and microglia) immune activation, we investigated whether CEP-1347 could ameliorate disease in laboratory models of HAND. We now demonstrate that CEP-1347 reduces the levels of secreted proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in HIV-1-infected human macrophages and attenuates dose-dependent neurotoxicity in rodent cortical neurons. CEP-1347-treated mice readily achieve therapeutic drug levels in peripheral blood. HIV-1 encephalitis (HIVE) mice, where human virus-infected monocyte-derived macrophages are stereotactically injected into the basal ganglia of CB17 severe combined immunodeficient mice, received daily intraperitoneal injections of CEP-1347. Here, CEP-1347 treatment of HIVE mice showed a dose-dependent reduction in microgliosis. Dendritic integrity and neuronal loss were sustained and prevented, respectively. These results demonstrate that CEP-1347 elicits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective responses in an HIVE model of human disease and as such warrants further study as an adjunctive therapy for human disease.
Generation of Targeted Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Vectors for Human Gene Therapy (2015)

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are promising human gene delivery vehicles due to their ability to establish long-term gene expression in a wide variety of target tissues; however, the broad native viral tropism raises concerns over the feasibility and safety of their systemic administration. To overcome this issue, much effort has been made to redirect AAVs toward specific tissues. This review presents several design strategies that have been applied to generate AAVs that target specific tissues and cells while inhibiting the transduction of non-target tissues. Multiple methods of vector capsid engineering have shown promise in vitro, including indirect targeting by adaptor systems and direct targeting by the insertion of antibodies or receptor-specific small peptide motifs. Other strategies, including creating mosaic or chimeric capsids and directed evolution, have also been used to successfully retarget AAV vectors. This research will further expand the clinical applications of AAV vectors by enhancing the control over tissue-specific gene delivery.
The integrin beta 1 subunit associates with the vitronectin receptor alpha v subunit to form a novel vitronectin receptor in a human embryonic kidney cell line. (1990)

We describe a novel integrin heterodimer on the surface of the human embryonic kidney cell line 293. This receptor is comprised of alpha v and beta 1 subunits, each of which has been previously found in association with other integrin subunits. This alpha v.beta 1 complex was identified as the predominant vitronectin receptor (VnR) on the surface of 293 cells by immunoprecipitation with antibodies raised against the alpha v subunit. Polymerase chain reaction analysis detected mRNAs for alpha v and beta 1 subunits while no evidence was obtained for beta 2, beta 3, or alpha IIb integrin subunit mRNA. Immunoprecipitation of surface-iodinated proteins with antibodies to alpha v gave bands of 150 and 120 kDa. The 120-kDa band reacted with antibodies to beta 1 in immunoblotting experiments. 293 cells adhere to vitronectin, fibronectin, laminin, and collagen IV, while von Willebrand factor and fibrinogen, known ligands of the VnR (alpha v.beta 3), did not support adhesion. A polyclonal antibody directed against both subunits of the VnR (alpha v, beta 3) inhibits attachment of 293 cells to vitronectin but not to other adhesive proteins. A beta 1-specific monoclonal inhibited attachment to fibronectin, laminin, and collagen IV, known ligands of beta 1 integrins, as well as vitronectin. This novel (alpha v. beta 1) VnR thus appears to mediate cell adhesion exclusively to vitronectin, in contrast to previously described VnRs which have multiple ligands.
Substring matching for clone detection and change tracking (1994)

Legacy systems pose problems to maintainers that can be solved partially with effective tools. A prototype tool for determining collections of files sharing a large amount of text has been developed and applied to a 40 megabyte source tree containing two releases of the gcc compiler. Similarities in source code and documentation corresponding to software cloning, movement and inertia between releases, as well as the effects of preprocessing easily stand out in a way that immediately conveys nonobvious structural information to a maintainer taking responsibility for such a system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Relationship between circulating immune complexes and urinary antigens in human malignancy (1982)

Urine samples obtained from patients with histologically proved melanoma and sarcoma were analyzed for the presence of tumor-associated antigens by complement fixation and enzyme immunoassay. Also, serum samples obtained during 24-hour urine collection from these patients were analyzed for circulating immune complexes by the complement consumption method and by the K562 radiometric assay. Of 36 cancer patients who were positive for urinary antigen (UA) by both assays, 28 (78%) were also positive for CIC in the two assays, six (17%) were positive in one of the two CIC-detection assays, and two (5%) were negative in both assays. Of 24 patients that were negative for CIC in both assays, ten (42%) were also negative for UA in both assays, i.e., complement fixation and enzyme immunoassay; 12 (50%) were negative by one of the two assays; and only two (8%) exhibited UA by both assays. This relationship was more striking for melanoma than sarcoma patients. In a melanoma patient whose samples were studied sequentially during his thermochemotherapy, the fluctuations in CIC and UA were parallel. These results suggest that excretion of tumor-associated antigen into urine is not an isolated phenomenon; rather, immune complex deposition in kidneys appears to cause glomerular damage which may allow the passage of the antigens into the urine.
Paramagnetic metal scavenging by melanin: MR imaging. (1997)

Melanotic melanomas are hyperintense on T1-weighted images because of paramagnetic metal scavenging. This observation has implications for the interpretation of MR images, the improved detection of melanomas, and the development of imaging marker genes.
Electrochemical Analysis in Picoliter Microvials (1997)

Lithographically fabricated templates have been used to imprint picoliter to femtoliter microvials in polystyrene. The clear microvials produced in conjunction with a transmission optical microscope and micromanipulators make it possible to handle volumes as small as 1 pL. Voltammetry has been carried out in these well-defined microenvironments with restriction of reagents near the electrode surface. Ferrocenecarboxylic acid has been utilized to characterize the electrochemical response in these ultrasmall volumes. Sigmoidal voltammograms (0.4−2 V/s) are obtained for vial sizes down to 1 pL.
Detection of the Epstein Barr viral genome by an in situ hybridization method in salivary gland biopsies from patients with secondary Sjögren's syndrome. (1992)

Sections of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded minor labial salivary glands from 23 patients with Sjögren's syndrome associated with rheumatoid arthritis (secondary Sjögren's syndrome: sSS) and from 11 patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) associated with rheumatoid arthritis but without proven SS were examined by in situ hybridization using the BamH1 V (W) fragment of Epstein Barr viral (EBV) DNA. Minor labial salivary glands from 7 healthy individuals were used as the control. EBV specific DNA sequences were detected in the nuclei of epithelial cells in 16 out of 23 cases with sSS and in 3 out of 11 patients with KCS. None of the 7 salivary gland biopsies from the control group showed a positive hybridization signal. Epithelial cells containing the EBV genome were more frequently detected in areas with tissue destruction and lymphoepithelial lesions. Our results provide evidence for an increased EBV infection load in patients with sSS in comparison with control subjects and suggest that this virus may play a role in the pathogenesis of sSS.
Comparison of RC op.-amp. and RC current conveyor filters (1994)

Abstract Voltage mode filters implemented using (non-ideal) current conveyors are compared with the corresponding filters implemented using (non-ideal0 op.-amp. and current conveyor niters are found to perform similarly although the parasitic impedances of the non-ideal current conveyor sometimes complicate the design of current conveyor filters.
Synthesis of "Nod"-like chitin oligosaccharides by the Xenopus developmental protein DG42. (1995)

The Xenopus DG42 gene is expressed only between the late midblastula and neurulation stages of embryonic development. Recent database searches show that DG42 has striking sequence similarity to the Rhizobium NodC protein. NodC catalyzes the synthesis of chitin oligosaccharides which subsequently are transformed into bacterium-plant root signaling molecules. We find that the DG42 protein made in an in vitro coupled transcription-translation system catalyzes the synthesis of an array of chitin oligosaccharides. The result suggests the intriguing possibility that a bacterium-plant type of "Nod" signaling system may operate during early stages of vertebrate embryonic development and raises issues about the use of chitin synthase inhibitors as fungal-specific drugs.
Identification of a new cell line permissive to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection and replication which is phenotypically distinct from MARC-145 cell line (2012)

In conclusion, the SJPL cells are permissive to PRRSV. In addition, they are phenotypically different from MARC-145 cells and are an additional tool that could be used to study PRRSV pathogenesis mechanisms in vitro.
Functional significance of coactivation of vagal and sympathetic cardiac nerves. (1982)

Simultaneous recording of activity in the vagal and sympathetic supplies to the heart has revealed that in reflexly and centrally evoked activity these two "antagonists" do not necessarily change action reciprocally. Coactivation occurs in chemoreceptor reflexes and related reactions, upon stretching of the sinoatrial nodal region of the right atrium and when certain hypothalamic regions are stimulated. The objective of the present work was to assay the physiological importance of coactivation of the two potentially antagonistic cardiac nerves in anesthetized dogs. Output from the heart was monitored by recording volume flow in the thoracic aorta just below the aortic arch; cardiac contractility was measured as left ventricular dp/dt. Tape recordings of vagus and sympathetic nerve activity during chemoreceptor and baroreceptor reflexes, during reciprocal and nonreciprocal changes produced by hypothalamic stimulation, and during hypoxia and hypercapnia were used to trigger stimulators feeding a stimulus per action potential to cardiac vagus and sympathetic nerves after central connections were cut. The vagus stimulation alone produced a decrease in aortic blood flow; stimulation of the sympathetic nerve alone resulted in increased aortic blood flow. Simultaneous stimulation of vagus and sympathetic, however, produced an even greater cardiac output (measured by aortic blood flow). Intermediate degrees of heart rate and strength of myocardial contraction were maintained in coactivation. Obviously, an association of increased vagus and sympathetic actions, which can be effected reflexly or by action of higher centers, is of physiological benefit. In control reactions that relate cardiac function to body need, both reciprocal and synergistic actions (coactivation) of cardiac nerves are used.
Gene expression and characterization of isoprene synthase from Populus alba (2005)

Isoprene synthase cDNA from Populus alba (PaIspS) was isolated by RT-PCR. This PaIspS mRNA, which was predominantly observed in the leaves, was strongly induced by heat stress and continuous light irradiation, and was substantially decreased in the dark, suggesting that isoprene emission was regulated at the transcriptional level. The subcellular localization of PaIspS protein with green fluorescent protein fusion was shown to be in plastids. PaIspS expressed in Escherichia coli was characterized enzymatically: it had an optimum pH of approximately 8.0, and an optimum temperature 40 degrees C. Its preference for divalent cations for its activity was also studied.
A 25μm pitch LWIR focal plane array with pixel-level 15-bit ADC providing high well capacity and targeting 2mK NETD (2010)

CEA Leti has recently developed a new readout IC (ROIC) with pixel-level ADC for cooled infrared focal plane arrays (FPAs). It operates at 50Hz frame rate in a snapshot Integrate-While-Read (IWR) mode. It targets applications that provide a large amount of integrated charge thanks to a long integration time. The pixel-level analog-to-digital conversion is based on charge packets counting. This technique offers a large well capacity that paves the way for a breakthrough in NETD performances. The 15 bits ADC resolution preserves the excellent detector SNR at full well (3Ge-). These characteristics are essential for LWIR FPAs as broad intra-scene dynamic range imaging requires high sensitivity. The ROIC, featuring a 320x256 array with 25&mu;m pixel pitch, has been designed in a standard 0.18&mu;m CMOS technology. The main design challenges for this digital pixel array (SNR, power consumption and layout density) are discussed. The IC has been hybridized to a LWIR detector fabricated using our in-house HgCdTe process. The first electro-optical test results of the detector dewar assembly are presented. They validate both the pixel-level ADC concept and its circuit implementation. Finally, the benefit of this LWIR FPA in terms of NETD performance is demonstrated.
Auditory Processing of the Acoustic Patterns of Speech (1984)

The auditory processing of the acoustic patterns of speech relevant for the perception of phonetic units is discussed in terms of a three-stage generic model of phonetic perception. It is argued that the auditory system analyzes each brief segment of the acoustic waveform of speech for tonal components and the shape of the "spectral envelope." The presence and pattern of tonal components is used in the perception of voicing and pitch. The shapes of spectral envelopes and their dynamics induce the perception of phonetic units. The important attributes of the spectral-envelope patterns are identified.