gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeting of angiogenic endothelial cells at sites of inflammation by dexamethasone phosphate–containing RGD peptide liposomes inhibits experimental arthritis (2006)

RGD-targeted PEG liposomes represent an endothelial cell-specific drug delivery system that targets VECs at sites of inflammation. Use of these liposomes to deliver DEXP to VECs at arthritis-affected sites proved efficacious in rat adjuvant arthritis. These data indicate that VECs have an essential role in the inflammation process and suggest the possibility of using VEC targeting for therapeutic intervention in inflammatory processes such as arthritis.
Detecting Single Porphyrin Molecules in a Conically Shaped Synthetic Nanopore (2005)

We report here the first example of abiotic resistive-pulse sensing of a molecular (as opposed to a particle or macromolecular) analyte. This was accomplished by using a conically shaped nanopore prepared by the track-etch method as the sensing element. It is possible to sense the molecular analyte because the small diameter opening of the conical nanopore (approximately 4.5 nm) is comparable to the diameter of the analyte molecule (approximately 2 nm).
Clinical significance of macrophage heterogeneity in human malignant tumors (2013)

The fact that various immune cells, including macrophages, can be found in tumor tissue has long been known. With the recent introduction of the novel concept of macrophage differentiation into a classically activated phenotype (M1) and an alternatively activated phenotype (M2), the role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) is gradually beginning to be elucidated. Specifically, in human malignant tumors, TAMs that have differentiated into M2 macrophages act as "protumoral macrophages" and contribute to the progression of disease. Based on recent basic and preclinical research, TAMs that have differentiated into protumoral or M2 macrophages are believed to be intimately involved in the angiogenesis, immunosuppression, and activation of tumor cells. In this paper, we specifically discuss both the role of TAMs in human malignant tumors and the cell-cell interactions between TAMs and tumor cells.
Adeno-associated virus–targeted disruption of the CFTR gene in cloned ferrets (2008)

Somatic cell gene targeting combined with nuclear transfer cloning presents tremendous potential for the creation of new, large-animal models of human diseases. Mouse disease models often fail to reproduce human phenotypes, underscoring the need for the generation and study of alternative disease models. Mice deficient for CFTR have been poor models for cystic fibrosis (CF), lacking many aspects of human CF lung disease. In this study, we describe the production of a CFTR gene-deficient model in the domestic ferret using recombinant adeno-associated virus-mediated gene targeting in fibroblasts, followed by nuclear transfer cloning. As part of this approach, we developed a somatic cell rejuvenation protocol using serial nuclear transfer to produce live CFTR-deficient clones from senescent gene-targeted fibroblasts. We transferred 472 reconstructed embryos into 11 recipient jills and obtained 8 healthy male ferret clones heterozygous for a disruption in exon 10 of the CFTR gene. To our knowledge, this study represents the first description of genetically engineered ferrets and describes an approach that may be of substantial utility in modeling not only CF, but also other genetic diseases.
Comparison of peginterferon pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles (2012)

The pharmacokinetics and in dosing regimens of the currently available pegylated interferon (peginterferon) alfa molecules differ greatly, depending on the size and nature of their polyethylene glycol (PEG) moiety. Peginterferon alfa-2a has a branched 40 kDa PEG chain covalently attached to lysine residues and circulates as an intact molecule. On the other hand, peginterferon alfa-2b has a linear 12 kDa PEG chain covalently attached to interferon-a-2b via an unstable urethane bond that is hydrolysed after injection, releasing native interferon alfa-2b. The difference in pegylation between the two peginterferons has a significant impact on their pharmacokinetic properties. Data from comparative and non-comparative studies indicate that peginterferon alfa-2b has a shorter half-life in serum than peginterferon alfa-2a, and a significant proportion of patients receiving peginterferon alfa-2b may have trough concentrations below the limit of detection during the latter part of the 7-day dosing schedule. However, the pharmacodynamic parameters of the two drugs appear to be similar.
Undifferentiated leukemia of infancy with t(11:17) chromosomal rearrangement coexpressing myeloid and B cell restricted antigens (1987)

It has been suggested that the malignant transformation, in some of the acute leukemias, may involve totipotent stem cells resulting in a biphenotypic leukemia expressing both myeloid, and lymphoid characteristics. We describe here a hybrid cell acute leukemia, in a 16-day-old infant, in whom leukemic cells coexpressed myeloid and lymphoid B cell antigens. Blast cells in the bone marrow showed L2 morphology according to the French American British (FAB) classification, with positive periodic-acid Schiff, and nonspecific esterase staining. Sudan black, and specific esterase were negative. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, was strongly positive in 5% of blasts, and faintly reactive with the rest. Karyotypic analysis demonstrated a translocation of t(11:17);(q23;p13). Immunoglobulin gene analysis revealed rearrangement of the heavy chain genes. The blasts' phenotype was HLA/DR+ B4+ My7+ My9+ common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) B1- T11-. Dual immunofluorescence staining using anti My7, and My9 fluorescein isothiocyanate, and anti B4 pycoerythrin conjugated monoclonal antibodies, and flow cytofluorometry, revealed a labeling pattern of 25% B4+; 10% to 15% My7+; 17% My9+; and 50% of cells coexpressing B4 My7, and My9 antigens. These results provide evidence for a hybrid leukemia with lymphomyeloblasts being part of a single clone, which may indicate the origin of this leukemic clone from a pluripotent (lymphoid/myeloid) stem cell.
TIME SERIES FORECASTING WITH MULTIPLECANDIDATE MODELS: SELECTING ORCOMBINING? (2005)

Various mathematical models have been commonly used in time series analysis and forecasting. In these processes, academic researchers and business practitioners often come up against two important problems. One is whether to select an appropriate modeling approach for prediction purposes or to combine these different individual approaches into a single forecast for the different/dissimilar modeling approaches. Another is whether to select the best candidate model for forecasting or to mix the various candidate models with different parameters into a new forecast for the same/similar modeling approaches. In this study, we propose a set of computational procedures to solve the above two issues via two judgmental criteria. Meanwhile, in view of the problems presented in the literature, a novel modeling technique is also proposed to overcome the drawbacks of existing combined forecasting methods. To verify the efficiency and reliability of the proposed procedure and modeling technique, the simulations and real data examples are conducted in this study. The results obtained reveal that the proposed procedure and modeling technique can be used as a feasible solution for time series forecasting with multiple candidate models.
Attraction ofCulex pipiens pipiens(Diptera: Culicidae) to Flower Volatiles (1999)

Methylene chloride extracts of flowers from 4 plants (common milkweed, Asclepias syriaca L; ox-eye daisy, Leucanthemum vulgare Lamarck; Canada goldenrod, Solidago canadensis L.; and yarrow, Achillea millefolium L.) were tested in a dual-port olfactometer for attractiveness to female northern house mosquitoes, Culex pipiens pipiens L. Fifty milligrams of extract was used for each test, which was equivalent to the amount of extract from flowers of 0.58 common milkweed inflorescences, 1.75 ox-eye daisy flower heads, 0.33 Canada goldenrod plants, or 3.14 yarrow plants. Significantly more Cx. pipiens responded to the common milkweed flower extract than to a control. Ox-eye daisy, Canada goldenrod and yarrow flower extracts were not significantly attractive to this species. A headspace sample of the common milkweed extract was collected by solid phase microextraction and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The most abundant compounds in the headspace sample were 2-phenylethanol and benzyl alcohol. Analysis of the common milkweed extract and standards of 2-phenylethanol and benzyl alcohol by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection confirmed that these compounds were present in the extract. Cx. pipiens did not respond to synthetic blends of these 2 compounds when tested in a dual-port olfactometer.
The Multimedia CD ROM: An Innovative Teaching Tool for Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (1998)

The recent explosive growth in the use of endoscopic techniques in the performance of surgical procedures has created an important need for educational materials on this subject. However, limitations of currently available teaching tools frustrate the user and hamper the teaching and spread of these procedures. To improve on currently available methods, we developed a CD ROM video atlas of techniques in endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). The multimedia CD ROM video atlas combines the best features of the surgical atlas with conventional videotapes. The component steps of procedures in ESS are presented to the viewer as brief, individual video sequences, accompanied by narration and a text of the highlights of each procedure. The use of digital video allows the user to access the segment of interest directly, in the order of preference, without having to sift through the other segments, as with conventional videocassettes. An interface allows control over playback of the video, and sequences can be reviewed instantly. Storage capacity of the CD ROM allows up to 60 minutes of video to be stored on each disk. The CD ROM combines the best elements of currently available educational tools and may represent a new approach for medical education.
The stability of estrogen and progesterone receptor expression on breast carcinoma cells stored as preservCyt suspensions and as thinPrep slides (1998)

ER and PR antigenicity was preserved in both stored TP and newly prepared TP of mammary tumor cells over a 56-day storage period. This demonstrates that ER and PR status can be evaluated in cytologic material from breast carcinoma using the ThinPrep technique.
Recognizing a Single Base in an Individual DNA Strand: A Step Toward DNA Sequencing in Nanopores (2005)

The capture of single strands of DNA inside the α-hemolysin (α-HL) transmembrane pore protein upon application of a positive potential leads to single α-HL⋅DNA pseudorotaxane species (see picture). By monitoring the characteristic decreases in the ion conductance of α-HL, a single adenine nucleotide can be identified at a specific location on a strand of DNA. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z462114_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
New Series of Ruthenium(II) and Osmium(II) Complexes Showing Solid-State Phosphorescence in Far-Visible and Near-Infrared (2009)

A new Ru(II) complex, [Ru(fpbpymH)(2)]Cl(2) (1), in which fpbpymH = [5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-3-yl](2,2'-bipyrid-6-yl)methane, was prepared by the treatment of [Ru(DMSO)(4)Cl(2)] with 2 equiv of the terdentate chelate fpbpymH in refluxing ethanol. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of 1 revealed a distorted octahedral Ru(II) framework, showing strong N-H...Cl hydrogen bonding between the fpbpymH ligand and Cl anions. In the presence of Na(2)CO(3), the methylene linkers of chelates in 1 underwent stepwise oxygenation, forming the charge-neutral complexes [Ru(fpbpym)(fpbpyk)] (2) and [Ru(fpbpyk)(2)] (3) [fpbpykH = [5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-3-yl](2,2'-bipyrid-6-yl) ketone] in sequence. The respective charge-neutral Os(II) complex [Os(fpbpyk)(2)] (4) was also isolated by the treatment of OsCl(3).3H(2)O with 2 equiv of the terdentate chelate fpbpymH. Electrochemical analysis indicated that the introduction of the electron-withdrawing ketone group in 2-4 increased the metal-based oxidation potential in sequence. For the photophysical properties, complexes 1-4 are essentially nonluminescent in solution (e.g., CH(2)Cl(2) or MeOH) at room temperature, but all exhibit 600-1100 nm phosphorescence with moderate intensity for the powdery, solid sample at room temperature. The trend in terms of the emission peak wavelength of 1 (666 nm) < 3 (795 nm) < 2 (810 nm) < 4 (994 nm) among titled complexes is in agreement with the corresponding onset of absorption spectra as well as the time-dependent density functional theory calculation of 1 < 3 < 2 < 4.
DETERMINATION OF GROUPS J_(n,k)~(l_1,l_2,…,l_m) (2000)

Some groups J l 1,l 2,…,l m n,k of cobordism classes containimg a representative M n admitting a ( Z 2) k action with the fixed point set of l i codimensional submanifolds of M n are determined.
Dispersion Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate in Supercritical CO2 (1997)

A series of graft copolymers, poly(methyl methacrylate-co-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-g-poly(perfluoropropylene oxide), was synthesized for application as stabilizers in dispersion polymerization of methyl methacrylate in supercritical carbon dioxide. The backbone, poly(methyl methacrylate-co-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), is effectively insoluble in carbon dioxide and the grafted chains, poly(perfluoropropylene oxide), are completely miscible in carbon dioxide at moderate pressures. The effect of molecular architecture on polymerization rate and PMMA particle size was evaluated by varying the molecular weight of the anchor group (backbone of the copolymer), molecular weight of the CO2-soluble graft chain, and graft chain density. The efficiency of the graft copolymers as dispersants was demonstrated as micron-size polymer beads of molecular weight greater than 100 000 were produced. The results showed that a careful balance between anchor group size (backbone length) and amount of soluble component (either graft chain length or graft chain density) is necessary but not sufficient to achieve adequate stabilization and that the distribution of the soluble component along the anchor group was also important. Furthermore, the backbone molecular weight was shown as the key component for stabilization, provided that enough CO2-philic component has been included to ensure solubility.
Reliability models of data retention and read-disturb in 2-bit nitride storage flash memory cells (2004)

The reliability issues of two-bit storage nitride flash memory cells, including low-V/sub t/ state threshold voltage instability, read-disturb, and high-V/sub t/ state charge loss are addressed. The responsible mechanisms and reliability models are discussed. Our study shows that the cell reliability is strongly dependent on operation methods and process conditions.
Antibody mimicry, receptors and clinical applications (2016)

This review focuses on the concept of antibodies acting as receptor agonists and antagonists, and on the potential relevance of this notion in applied medicine. Antibodies are composed of three functional units: two antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) that confer antigen specificity and one constant fragment (Fc) linking antibodies to immune effector functions. The proof-of-concept that large amounts of highly specific and homogeneous antibodies could be produced was provided in 1975 by César Milstein and Georges Köhler. These monoclonal antibody (mAb) reagents started a revolution in medical research, diagnostics, and clinical applications. Alongside diagnostic applications, mAbs were successfully used in vivo: (i) to bind (neutralize/antagonize) antigens expressed on the surface of tumor cells; (ii) to activate immune effector mechanisms; (iii) to crosslink plasma membrane receptors and hence activate therapeutic signaling pathways; and lastly, (iv) the technique was expanded to produce bispecific mAbs, which can bind two different antigens while retaining the ability to activate immune effector functions. The abilities of mAbs to bind, transduce signals, and exert immunostimulatory agonistic capacities are the central issues of this review. The starting point is that some mAbs operate as molecular agonists, substituting for the natural ligand of the receptor. Our analysis is restricted to mAbs that act as receptor agonist/antagonists by either mimicking ligand binding, or through allosteric modulation mediated by binding sites that are topographically distinct from the orthosteric binding site. Functional considerations based on the agonistic stimulation of human CD38 by specific mAbs as surrogate ligands are described as examples of the features of such molecules.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF CALCIUM PHOSPHATES IN MODERATELY SUPERSATURATED SOLUTIONS (1979)

Abstract Die Fällung von Ca‐phosphaten aus bezüglich Calcium und Phosphat übersättigten Lösungen wird bei 26°C, einer Ionenstärke von 0.15 Mund bei den pH‐Werten 6.7, 7.4 und i 8.5 untersucht.
N-acetylcysteine in acute hepatic failure (non-paracetamol-induced). (2000)

This study suggests that N-acetylcysteine administration should be considered in all patients with acute liver failure.
Synthesis of 9-[(3-[18F]-fluoro-1-hydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]guanine ([18F]-FHPG): A potential imaging agent of viral infection and gene therapy using PET (1996)

A no-carrier-added synthesis of 9-[(3-[18F]-fluoro-1-hydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl]-guanine ([18F]-FHPG) is reported. The 9-[(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxy)methyl)guanine (DHPG) was converted to 9-[N2,O-bis(methoxytrityl)-3-(tosyl)-2-propoxy-methyl]guanine by treatment with methoxytrityl chloride followed by tosylation. The tosylate was reacted with [18F]-KF in the presence of kryptofix 2.2.2. to produce the 3-fluoro-N2-O-bis-(methoxytrityl) derivative. Removal of the methoxytrityl protecting groups by acid hydrolysis produced [18F]-FHPG. The labeled product was purified by HPLC on a reverse-phase C18 column, and eluted in 9 min with a mobile phase of 5% acetonitrile in water. The radiochemical yield was 7-17%, with an average of 10% in 10 runs (corrected for decay to EOB). The radiochemical purity was > 99%, and specific activities with an average of 526 mCi/mumol were obtained. The synthesis time was 70-80 min, including HPLC purification and determination of radiochemical purity and specific activity.
Development of Light‐activated Pupilloconstriction in Rats as Mediated by Normal and Transplanted Retinae (1992)

The relationship between the development of the pupilloconstriction response to changes in light levels and retinal maturation was studied in normal rats and rats that had received intracranial retinal transplants at birth. A pupillary response to light was first observed between postnatal days 7 and 9 in normal rats, and was typically of small amplitude and sluggish. By the time the eyelids first open, 2 weeks after birth, the pupillary response had improved to near adult levels. The inception of the pupillary response correlates with the first appearance of conventional synaptic contacts in the inner and outer plexiform layers of the retina, while improved responses correlate with maturation of photoreceptor outer segments and formation of synaptic ribbons in the inner plexiform layer. When embryonic retinae were transplanted to intracranial locations in newborn hosts and the transplants later illuminated as the host matured, the onset of a pupillary response to transplant illumination was delayed in proportion to the developmental disparity between the transplant and the host. The pattern of anatomical development in transplanted retinae was also similar, but delayed in time, compared to normal retinae. This indicates that the limiting factors for expression of light-activated pupilloconstriction exist within the retina, rather than being intrinsic to the central nuclei or to the output pathway subserving the response.
A novel immobilization method of an active protein via in vitro N-terminal specific incorporation system of nonnatural amino acids (2001)

Recently, we succeeded in incorporating a biotin tag into an active protein, but only at the N-terminal site, in the presence of an Escherichia coli initiator tRNA(fMet) aminoacylated with methionine biotinylated at the alpha-amino group. The biotinylated protein was immobilized on a streptavidin-matrix. We have tried to increase the biotin labeling efficiency (immobilization efficiency) by decreasing concentrations of non-biotinylated tRNA(fMet)s in the translation system.
Fc-fusion mimetics (2016)

The Fc-fusion mimetic RpR 2[combining low line] was prepared by disulfide bridging conjugation using PEG in the place of the Fc. RpR 2[combining low line] displayed higher affinity for VEGF than aflibercept. This is caused primarily by a slower dissociation rate, which can prolong a drug at its site of action. RpRs have considerable potential for development as stable, organ specific therapeutics.
Nickel–Alumina Functionally Graded Materials by Electrophoretic Deposition (2004)

Electrophoretic deposition has been used to synthesize nickel–alumina, functionally graded materials from NiO and alumina suspensions in ethanol. Suspension stability and the kinetics of deposition were studied to determine optimum conditions. Deposition starts with an alumina suspension into which a stream of NiO suspension is injected at various flow rates to obtain the desired profiles. The latter were controlled by varying the deposition current density and component flow rate. The green bodies obtained were sintered in Ar/H 2 atmosphere to reduce the NiO to nickel. Various gradation profiles were obtained illustrating the facility of EPD to synthesize continuously graded materials. NiO was used as the precursor for nickel to alleviate settling and rough columnar deposit problems.
Investigation of The Kinetics of Degradation of Hexopyranosylated Cytosine Nucleosides Using Liquid Chromatography (2000)

Liquid chromatography was used to follow the degradation of hexopyranosylated cytosine nucleosides in buffers of acid, neutral and alkaline pH and of constant ionic strength. The compounds were found to degrade by hydrolysis to cytosine and/or by deamination to the corresponding uracil nucleosides. Degradation in acid is influenced by the number of sugar hydroxyl groups, presence of sugar double bonds and the type of anomer. Stability of some of the compounds was compared with that of related thymine nucleosides. Temperature studies support a unimolecular mechanism of hydrolysis at pH 1.22.