gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tumor-Initiating and -Propagating Cells: Cells That We Would to Identify and Control (2010)

Identification of the cell types capable of initiating and sustaining growth of the neoplastic clone in vivo is a fundamental problem in cancer research. It is likely that tumor growth can be sustained both by rare cancer stem-like cells and selected aggressive clones and that the nature of the mutations, the cell of origin, and its environment will contribute to tumor propagation. Genomic instability, suggested as a driving force in tumorigenesis, may be induced by genetic and epigenetic changes. The feature of self-renewal in stem cells is shared with tumor cells, and deviant function of the stem cell regulatory networks may, in complex ways, contribute to malignant transformation and the establishment of a cancer stem cell-like phenotype. Understanding the nature of the more quiescent cancer stem-like cells and their niches has the potential to develop novel cancer therapeutic protocols including pharmacological targeting of self-renewal pathways. Drugs that target cancer-related inflammation may have the potential to reeducate a tumor-promoting microenvironment. Because most epigenetic modifications may be reversible, DNA methylation and histone deacetylase inhibitors can be used to induce reexpression of genes that have been silenced epigenetically. Design of therapies that eliminate cancer stem-like cells without eliminating normal stem cells will be important. Further insight into the mechanisms by which pluripotency transcription factors (e.g., OCT4, SOX2, and Nanog), polycomb repressive complexes and microRNA balance selfrenewal and differentiation will be essential for our understanding of both embryonic differentiation and human carcinogenesis and for the development of new treatment strategies.
Treatment With Remdesivir in Two Pregnant Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia (2021)

The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in an unprecedented global healthcare crisis. Pregnant women belong to a vulnerable group with a higher chance of severe disease and need of intensive care. However, there is limited data on treatment options for severe coronavirus disease in pregnancy. Here, we describe two cases of severe COVID-19 infection in pregnancy with radiological diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia, who required intensive care treatment. Both were treated with remdesivir and recovered well without any major side effects, with a favorable maternal and fetal outcome.
Pichia pastoris as a Host System for Transformations (1985)

We developed a methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris, as a host for DNA transformations. The system is based on an auxotrophic mutant host of P. pastoris which is defective in histidinol dehydrogenase. As a selectable marker, we isolated and characterized the P. pastoris HIS4 gene. Plasmid vectors which contained either the P. pastoris or the Saccharomyces cerevisiae HIS4 gene transformed the P. pastoris mutant host. DNA transfer was accomplished by a modified version of the spheroplast generation (CaCl2-polyethylene glycol)-fusion procedure developed for S. cerevisiae. In addition, we report the isolation and characterization of P. pastoris DNA fragments with autonomous replication sequence activity. Two fragments, PARS1 and PARS2, when present on plasmids increased transformation frequencies to 10(5)/micrograms and maintained the plasmids as autonomous elements in P. pastoris cells.
Molecular cloning and expression of human tumor-associated polymorphic epithelial mucin. (1990)

Human mammary cells present on the cell surface a polymorphic epithelial mucin (PEM) which is developmentally regulated and aberrantly expressed in tumors. PEM carries tumor-associated epitopes recognized by the monoclonal antibodies HMFG-1, HMFG-2, and SM-3. Previously isolated partial cDNA clones revealed that the core protein contained a large domain consisting of variable numbers of 20-amino acid repeat units. We now report the full sequence for PEM, as deduced from cDNA sequences. The encoded protein consists of three distinct regions: the amino terminus consisting of a putative signal peptide and degenerate repeats; the major portion of the protein which is the tandem repeat region; the carboxyl terminus consisting of degenerate tandem repeats and a unique sequence containing a transmembrane sequence and a cytoplasmic tail. Potential O-glycosylation sites (serines or threonines) make up more than one-fourth of the amino acids. Length variations in the tandem repeat result in PEM being an expressed variable number tandem repeat locus. Tandem repeats appear to be a general characteristic of mucin core proteins.
The design and programming of a display interface system integrating multi-access and satellite computers (1967)

This paper describes a system for providing mixed graphical and verbal communications with a multi-access computer via a satellite computer with a display. We assume that such an arrangement is necessary to satisfy an on-line user's large-scale computation and storage requirements economically, and to provide graphical facilities at remote terminals. The general-purpose Display Interface System, parts of which reside in each machine, acts as an interface between the user's programs and the display terminal. It provides means for communication as well as system functions required in each machine. Since it is general purpose, and no user will require all the features it provides, the software exists in the form of system libraries from which a user may select an appropriate subset for his particular application. The user's interface with this system in each machine is intended to be hardware independent
Caspase-mediated Cell Death in Hematological Malignancies: Theoretical Considerations, Methods of Assessment, and Clinical Implications (2003)

Apoptosis, the caspase-mediated cell death, plays an important role in the etiology, pathogenesis and therapy of a variety of diseases. Abnormalities of apoptosis regulation, resulting in either its inhibition or enhancement, play a key role in the development of various malignant hematological disorders. Several routine and new therapeutic strategies in Oncohematology are based on apoptosis modulation. Cytotoxic effects of most antineoplastic drugs are based on induction of apoptosis. The accurate estimate of incidence of apoptosis, therefore, is of importance in Oncohematology. In this review we provide an overview of the methods designed to measure the incidence of apoptosis, including the recently developed assays that are based on detection of caspases activation. We also review recent findings on the role of caspase-mediated cell death in hematological malignancies and discuss their clinical implications, including new therapeutical strategies that evolve from these findings.
253. Reaction kinetics and the Walden inversion. Part II. Homogeneous hydrolysis, alcoholysis, and ammonolysis of α-phenylethyl halides (1937)

E. D. Hughes, C. K. Ingold and A. D. Scott, J. Chem. Soc., 1937, 1201 DOI: 10.1039/JR9370001201
Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding (2012)

The revised edition of the bestselling textbook, covering both classical and molecular plant breedingPrinciples of Plant Genetics and Breeding integrates theory and practice to provide an insightful examination of the fundamental principles and advanced techniques of modern plant breeding. Combining both classical and molecular tools, this comprehensive textbook describes the multidisciplinary strategies used to produce new varieties of crops and plants, particularly in response to the increasing demands to of growing populations. Illustrated chapters cover a wide range of topics, including plant reproductive systems, germplasm for breeding, molecular breeding, the common objectives of plant breeders, marketing and societal issues, and more.Now in its third edition, this essential textbook contains extensively revised content that reflects recent advances and current practices.
Effects of temperament upon hiring decisions: A preliminary examination of global personality traits and communicator compatibility (1989)

This study shows that hiring decisions in a natural setting are affected by the temperament similarity of interviewer and applicant. This supports Keirsey's hypothesis that temperament similarity affects compatibility (Keirsey & Bates, 1976), and suggests that temperament information is exchanged by communication partners even in relatively brief and structured encounters. These results suggest that general personality and temperament may be an influential variable upon a number of commonly investigated communication constructs, and suggest the need to discover the bases of personality attribution in interpersonal and other communication contexts.
Both of the beta-subunit carbohydrate residues of follicle-stimulating hormone determine the metabolic clearance rate and in vivo potency (1995)

FSH is a glycoprotein hormone required for the development and maturation of the ovarian follicle and for spermatogenesis. FSH is glycosylated at asparagine residues 52 and 78 on the alpha-subunit and residues 7 and 24 on the beta-subunit. In vitro, the carbohydrate residue at position alpha 52 is required for signal transduction. To define the contribution of the carbohydrate residues to FSH potency in vivo, we assessed the MCR and in vivo bioactivity of site-specifically deglycosylated recombinant human FSH variants. The removal of the beta-subunit carbohydrate residues significantly (P < 0.05) affected the MCR and resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in vivo bioactivity. For all recombinant human FSH variants, a strong correlation (r = 0.90; P < 0.01) was observed between MCR and in vivo potency, indicating that the circulatory half-life of the hormone appears to be the primary determinant of in vivo bioactivity. Although the beta-subunit carbohydrate residues have the greatest effect in determining FSH potency in vivo; the alpha 52 residue, important in vitro, has no effect on either MCR or in vivo potency. This study highlights the difficulties of translating in vitro results to whole animal physiology.
Ex vivo Akt inhibition promotes the generation of potent CD19CAR T cells for adoptive immunotherapy (2017)

Inhibition of Akt signaling during ex vivo priming and expansion gives rise to CD19CAR T cell populations that display comparatively higher antitumor activity.
Stress-induced alteration in the lipolytic response to β-adrenoceptor agonists in rat white adipocytes (1999)

We analysed the sensitivity to beta-adrenoceptor agonists in epididymal adipose cells from rats submitted to a stress protocol previously reported to induce alterations in sensitivity to catecholamines in cardiac tissue from rats. Food intake and body weight were lower, whereas adipocytes basal lipolysis was higher (control: 0.59 +/- 0.04; stress: 1.00 +/- 0.11, micromol glycerol/100 mg total lipids/100 min) in stressed compared to control rats. The responses to isoprenaline (pD(2) control: 7.46 +/- 0.11; stress: 8.11 +/- 0.17), adrenaline (pD(2) control: 5.78 +/- 0. 20; stress: 6.13 +/- 0.18), and salbutamol (pD(2) control: 5.64 +/- 0.28; stress: 5.92 +/- 0.34) were sensitized, and the lipolytic responses to norepinephrine (pD(2) control: 6.98 +/- 0.13; stress: 6. 41 +/- 0.12) and to BRL37344 (pD(2) control: 8.43 +/- 0.19; stress: 7.54 +/- 0.21) were desensitized. Responses to the higher concentration (100 microm) of isoprenaline (control: 1.80 +/- 0.18; stress: 2.24 +/- 0.10 micromol glycerol/100 mg total lipids/100 min), epinephrine (control: 1.64 +/- 0.17; stress: 2.24 +/- 0.14 micromol glycerol/100 mg total lipids/100 min), salbutamol (control: 0.65 +/- 0.11; stress: 1.21 +/- 0.41 micromol glycerol/100 mg total lipids/100 min), and d-butyryl-cAMP (control: 1.59 +/- 0.17; stress: 2.72 +/- 0.25) were significantly enhanced in adipocytes from stressed rats. pD(2) or maximum response to CGP12177 were not altered. Supersensitivity to isoprenaline was abolished by 50 nm ICI118,551 but was not modified by 100 nm metoprolol. However, subsensitivity to norepinephrine and to BRL37344 was abolished by 100 nM metoprolol. Our results suggest that in epididymal adipocytes from stressed rats there is a desensitization of the response to adrenoceptor agonists mediated by beta(1)-adrenoceptors together with a sensitization of the response mediated by beta(2)-adrenoceptors. beta(3)-adrenoceptors seem to be resistant to the stress effect.
An Experiment with Glycerol-Frozen Red Blood Cells Stored at &ndash;80&deg;C for up to 37 Years (2000)

Red cells frozen with 40% W/V glycerol can be stored at -80 degrees C for up to 37 years with acceptable in vitro results.
The rational design of TAP inhibitors using peptide substrate modifications and peptidomimetics (1997)

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-encoded transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) translocates peptides from the cytosol into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. This step precedes the binding of peptides to MHC class I molecules and is essential for cell surface expression of the MHC class I/peptide complex. TAP has a broad sequence specificity and a preference for peptides of around 9 amino acids. To synthesize inhibitors for TAP, we studied various alterations of the peptide substrate. The results indicate that TAP is stereospecific and that peptide bonds engineered into isosteric structures can improve translocation of the peptide. Furthermore, TAP is able to translocate peptides with large side chains that correspond to a peptide of approximately 21 amino acids in extended conformation. Peptides with longer side chains compete for the peptide binding site of TAP but fail to be translocated. Therefore, they represent the first rationally designed inhibitors of TAP.
Isolation, Cloning, and Sequence Analysis of the Integrin Subunit α10, a β1-associated Collagen Binding Integrin Expressed on Chondrocytes (1998)

We have found that chondrocytes express a novel collagen type II-binding integrin, a new member of the beta1-integrin family. The integrin alpha subunit, which has a Mr of 160 kDa reduced, was isolated from bovine chondrocytes by collagen type II affinity purification. The human homologue was obtained by screening a human chondrocyte library with a bovine cDNA probe. Cloning and cDNA sequence analysis of the human integrin alpha subunit designated alpha10 show that it shares the general structure of other integrin alpha subunits. The predicted amino acid sequence consists of a 1167-amino acid mature protein, including a signal peptide (22 amino acids), a long extracellular domain (1098 amino acids), a transmembrane domain (25 amino acids), and a short cytoplasmic domain (22 amino acids). The extracellular part contains a 7-fold repeated sequence, an I-domain (199 amino acids) and three putative divalent cation-binding sites. The deduced amino acid sequence of alpha10 is 35% identical to the integrin subunit alpha2 and 37% identical to the integrin subunit alpha1. Northern blot analysis shows a single mRNA of 5.4 kilobases in chondrocytes. A peptide antibody against the predicted sequence of the cytoplasmic domain of alpha10 immunoprecipitated two proteins with masses of 125 and 160 kDa from chondrocyte lysates under reducing conditions. The peptide antibody specifically stained chondrocytes in tissue sections of human articular cartilage, showing that alpha10 beta1 is expressed in cartilage tissue.
Design and Evaluation of a Decentralized System for Grid-wide Fairshare Scheduling (2006)

This contribution presents a decentralized architecture for a grid-wide fairshare scheduling system and demonstrates its potential in a simulated environment. The system, which preserves local site autonomy, enforces locally and globally scoped share policies, allowing local resource capacity as well as global grid capacity to be logically divided across different groups of users. The policy model is hierarchical and subpolicy definition can be delegated so that, e.g., a VO that has been granted a resource share can partition its share across its projects, which in turn can divide their shares between project members. There is no need for a central coordinator as policies are enforced collectively by the resource schedulers. Each local scheduler adopts a grid-wide view on utilization in order to steer local resource utilization to not only maintain local resource shares but also to contribute to maintaining global shares across the entire set of grid resources. Share enforcement is addressed by an algorithm that calculates simple priority values, thus simplifying integration with local schedulers, which can remain unaware of the hierarchical share policy structure
Antidepressant and Circadian Phase-Shifting Effects of Light (1987)

Bright light can suppress nighttime melatonin production in humans, but ordinary indoor light does not have this effect. This finding suggested that bright light may have other chronobiologic effects in humans as well. Eight patients who regularly became depressed in the winter (as day length shortens) significantly improved after 1 week of exposure to bright light in the morning (but not after 1 week of bright light in the evening). The antidepressant response to morning light was accompanied by an advance (shift to an earlier time) in the onset of nighttime melatonin production. These results suggest that timing may be critical for the antidepressant effects of bright light.
Didodecyldimethylammonium Bromide Lipid Bilayer-Protected Gold Nanoparticles:  Synthesis, Characterization, and Self-Assembly (2006)

Didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) lipid bilayer-protected gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which were stable and hydrophilic, were synthesized by in situ reduction of HAuCl(4) with NaBH(4) in an aqueous medium in the presence of DDAB. As-prepared nanoparticles were characterized by UV-vis spectra, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. All these data supported the formation of AuNPs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetric analysis data revealed that DDAB existed in a bilayer structure formed on the particle surface, resulting in a positively charged particle surface. The FTIR spectra also indicated that the DDAB bilayer coated on the surface of AuNPs was probably in the ordered gel phase with some end-gauche defects. On the basis of electrostatic interactions between such AuNPs and anionic polyelectrolyte poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS), we successfully fabricated (PSS/AuNP)(n)() multilayers on a cationic polyelectrolyte poly(ethylenimine) coated indium tin oxide substrate via the layer-by-layer self-assembly technique and characterized as-formed multilayers with UV-vis spectra and atomic force microscopy.
Progress Towards a 30% Efficient GaInP/Si Tandem Solar Cell (2015)

The performance of dual-junction solar cells with a Si bottom cell has been investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Simulations show that adding a top junction with an energy bandgap of 1.6 -1.9 eV to a standard silicon solar cell enables efficiencies over 38%. Currently, top junctions of GaInP (1.8 eV) are the most promising as they can achieve 1-sun efficiencies of 20.8% [1]. We fabricated mechanically stacked, four terminal GaInP/Si tandem solar cells using a transparent adhesive between the subcells. These tandem devices achieved an efficiency of 27% under AM1.5 g spectral conditions. Higher efficiencies can be achieved by using an improved Si-bottom cell and by optimizing the dual-junction device for long-wavelength light and luminescent coupling between the two junctions.
Video conferencing systems (1985)

In this paper several video conferencing systems are discussed. These include single person-camera, voice-switched, split-screen, continuous presence, and virtual space systems. Special emphasis is placed on the more recent video conferencing systems, i.e., the continuous presence and the virtual space systems. The role of digital signal processing in the video conferencing environment is discussed. The interaction between service definition, the video conferencing system, and the digital signal processing requirements is highlighted.
Multiepitope Trojan Antigen Peptide Vaccines for the Induction of Antitumor CTL and Th Immune Responses (2004)

We describe in this study a strategy to produce synthetic vaccines based on a single polypeptide capable of eliciting strong immune responses to a combination CTL and Th epitopes with the purpose of treating malignancies or preventing infectious diseases. This strategy is based on the capacity of Trojan Ags to deliver exogenous Ags into the intracellular compartments, where processing into MHC-binding peptides takes place. Our previous work demonstrated that Trojan Ags containing a CTL epitope localized to intracellular compartments, where MHC class I-binding peptides were generated in a TAP-independent fashion by the action of various exopeptidases and the endopeptidase furin. In this study, we report that Trojan Ags containing several CTL epitopes joined via furin-sensitive linkers generated all of the corresponding MHC class I-binding peptides, which were recognized by CTL. However, Trojan Ags prepared with furin-resistant linkers failed to produce the MHC class I-binding peptides. We also present data indicating that Trojan Ags bearing both CTL and Th epitopes can generate the corresponding MHC class I- and II-binding peptides, which are capable of stimulating T cell responses. Most significantly, in vivo vaccination of mice with a single injection of multiepitope Trojan Ags resulted in strong CTL and Th responses that translated into significant antitumor responses in a model of malignant melanoma. The overall results indicate that Trojan Ags prepared with furin-sensitive linkers are ideal candidates for producing synthetic multiepitope vaccines for the induction of CTL and Th responses that could be used against a variety of diseases, including cancer.
CXCR2 Expression on Neutrophils is Upregulated During the Relapsing Phase of Ocular Behçet Disease (2005)

CXCR2 has a potential role in promot-ing uveitis during ocular attack and might also be a useful marker for disease activity.
Knowledge Graph Inference for spoken dialog systems (2015)

We propose Inference Knowledge Graph, a novel approach of remapping existing, large scale, semantic knowledge graphs into Markov Random Fields in order to create user goal tracking models that could form part of a spoken dialog system. Since semantic knowledge graphs include both entities and their attributes, the proposed method merges the semantic dialog-state-tracking of attributes and the database lookup of entities that fulfill users' requests into one single unified step. Using a large semantic graph that contains all businesses in Bellevue, WA, extracted from Microsoft Satori, we demonstrate that the proposed approach can return significantly more relevant entities to the user than a baseline system using database lookup.