gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
INTERACTION BETWEEN NATIVE AND ALIEN SPECIES OF CRAYFISH IN AUSTRIA: CASE STUDIES (2002)

In Austria, three indigenous crayfish species occur: the noble crayfish (Astacus astacus), the stone crayfish (Austropotamobius torrentium), and the white-clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes). It is not known if Astacus leptodactylus is autochthonous in the very eastern part of Austria, near the border with Hungary and Slovakia. In other parts of Austria the Turkish crayfish has been transplanted into several gravel pits and ponds. Up to now, the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) is not known to occur in the wild, but can be bought alive in fish markets, restaurants, and the aquarium trade. The Nearctic spiny-cheek crayfish (Orconectes limosus) and the signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) have been introduced since the 1970s by crayfish farmers because these species are resistant to the crayfish plague fungus (Aphanomyces astaci). There are just a few populations of O. limosus, and the species is not spreading actively. However, P. leniusculus is widespread all over Austria, and was illegally introduced from one water body to another. It can be characterized as an aggressive, invasive North American species, spreading actively and acting as a vector of the crayfish plague. Unfortunately the habitat requirements of the native noble crayfish and the alien signal crayfish are nearly the same. Case studies are given in the following chapters: the first group of examples refers to water bodies where the alien signal crayfish is most probably the cause of displacement of the indigenous noble crayfish: 1) Hintersee, 2) Irrsee (« Zeller See »), 3) north-western Lower Austria (« Waldviertel »), 4) Merzenstein (aquacultural enterprise), 5) Neufelder See. The second group of examples refers to water bodies where alien and indigenous species are able to coexist: a) the confluence of the main course of the Danube River, the Ölhafen and the Neue Donau in the southeast part of Vienna, b) the Schönauer Wasser, a backwater of the Danube River downstream Vienna, c) backwaters and ox bows of the Morava River. The differences between these two groups are analysed, and it is speculated on possible causes allowing coexistence. Some conclusions are drawn. Important actions related to the protection of native crayfish are briefly discussed.
Transport and Hydrolysis of Antibacterial Peptide Analogues in Escherichia coli: Backbone-modified Aminoxy Peptides (1984)

Aminoxy analogues of di- and tripeptides in which the peptide linkage is replaced by -CO-NHO-, either as an L- or D-2-aminoxypropionic acid (L or D-OAla) residue, have been examined for antibacterial activity in vitro and for uptake into Escherichia coli. Isolation of analogue-resistant mutants and cross-resistance tests with peptide-transport mutants indicate that all three peptide permeases can transport these backbone-modified analogues. A number of mutants with defects in particular intracellular peptidases show decreased sensitivity to a range of these analogues, allowing identification of the enzymes responsible for their cleavage and confirming that hydrolysis is essential for their toxicity. Ala-OAla is a bacteriostatic agent that inhibits nucleic acid and protein synthesis within 1 min of being added to an exponentially growing culture. In crude extracts Ala-OAla inhibits transaminase activity but only after liberation of OAla by endogenous peptidases. These antibacterial agents illustrate an approach to drug targeting in which peptide carriers are used to promote uptake of essentially impermeant toxic moieties.
Successful treatment with intraarticular infliximab for resistant knee monarthritis in a patient with spondylarthropathy: A role for scintigraphy with 99mTc‐infliximab (2005)

Positive experiences with intraarticular infliximab have been reported in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and Behcet's disease. We used intraarticular infliximab to treat resistant knee monarthritis in a patient with spondylarthropathy. Clinical and laboratory improvement was associated with improvement in scintigraphic findings. This approach is less expensive than intravenous administration of infliximab. We suggest that selection of candidates for this innovative therapy should be guided by anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha scintigraphy.
Free radicals in antigen formation: reduction of contact allergic response to hydroperoxides by epidermal treatment with antioxidants (2002)

The protective effect of antioxidants in elicitation could be of practical therapeutic value, as it indicates a possibility for the treatment of patients who have become sensitized to haptens that form full antigens via a radical mechanism.
The Partial Thromboplastin Time with Kaolin: A Simple Screening Test for First Stage Plasma Clotting Factor Deficiencies (1961)

The Partial Thromboplastin Time with Kaolin: A Simple Screening Test for First Stage Plasma Clotting Factor Deficiencies Robert R. Proctor, M.D., Robert R. Proctor, M.D. University of Southern California Medical School, Los Angeles, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Samuel I. Rapaport, M.D. Samuel I. Rapaport, M.D. University of Southern California Medical School, Los Angeles, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 36, Issue 3, 1 September 1961, Pages 212–219, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/36.3.212 Published: 01 September 1961 Article history Received: 24 January 1961 Revision received: 04 April 1961 Accepted: 31 May 1961 Published: 01 September 1961
Approximate entropy as a measure of system complexity. (1991)

Techniques to determine changing system complexity from data are evaluated. Convergence of a frequently used correlation dimension algorithm to a finite value does not necessarily imply an underlying deterministic model or chaos. Analysis of a recently developed family of formulas and statistics, approximate entropy (ApEn), suggests that ApEn can classify complex systems, given at least 1000 data values in diverse settings that include both deterministic chaotic and stochastic processes. The capability to discern changing complexity from such a relatively small amount of data holds promise for applications of ApEn in a variety of contexts.
Inhibition of in Vitro and in Vivo HIV Replication by a Distamycin Analogue That Interferes with Chemokine Receptor Function:  A Candidate for Chemotherapeutic and Microbicidal Application (1998)

Select chemokine receptors act as coreceptors for HIV-1 entry into human cells and represent targets for antiviral therapy. In this report we describe a distamycin analogue, 2,2'-[4, 4'-[[aminocarbonyl]amino]bis[N,4'-di[pryrrole-2-carboxamide- 1, 1'-dimethyl]]-6,8-naphthalenedisulfonic acid]hexasodium salt (NSC 651016), that selectively inhibited chemokine binding to CCR5, CCR3, CCR1, and CXCR4, but not to CXCR2 or CCR2b, and blocked chemokine-induced calcium flux. Inhibition was not due to nonspecific charge interactions at the cell surface, but was based on a specific competition for the ligand receptor interaction sites since the inhibitory effect was specific for some but not all chemoattractant receptors. NSC 651016 inhibited in vitro replication of a wide range of HIV-1 isolates, as well as HIV-2 and SIV, and exhibited in vivo anti-HIV-1 activity in a murine model. In contrast, a distamycin analogue with similar structure and charge and the monomeric form of NSC 651016 demonstrated no inhibitory effects. These data demonstrate that molecules which interfere with HIV-1 entry into cells by targeting specific chemokine coreceptors can provide a viable approach to anti-HIV-1 therapy. NSC 651016 represents an attractive candidate for the chemotherapeutic treatment of HIV-1 infection and as a microbicide to prevent the sexual transmisssion of HIV-1. Moreover, NSC 651016 can serve as a template for medicinal chemical modifications leading to more effective antivirals.
A Bayesian framework for combining heterogeneous data sources for gene function prediction (inSaccharomyces cerevisiae) (2003)

Genomic sequencing is no longer a novelty, but gene function annotation remains a key challenge in modern biology. A variety of functional genomics experimental techniques are available, from classic methods such as affinity precipitation to advanced high-throughput techniques such as gene expression microarrays. In the future, more disparate methods will be developed, further increasing the need for integrated computational analysis of data generated by these studies. We address this problem with MAGIC (Multisource Association of Genes by Integration of Clusters), a general framework that uses formal Bayesian reasoning to integrate heterogeneous types of high-throughput biological data (such as large-scale two-hybrid screens and multiple microarray analyses) for accurate gene function prediction. The system formally incorporates expert knowledge about relative accuracies of data sources to combine them within a normative framework. MAGIC provides a belief level with its output that allows the user to vary the stringency of predictions. We applied MAGIC to Saccharomyces cerevisiae genetic and physical interactions, microarray, and transcription factor binding sites data and assessed the biological relevance of gene groupings using Gene Ontology annotations produced by the Saccharomyces Genome Database. We found that by creating functional groupings based on heterogeneous data types, MAGIC improved accuracy of the groupings compared with microarray analysis alone. We describe several of the biological gene groupings identified.
Comparison of Autologous and Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation for Treatment of High-Risk Refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (1987)

Chemoradiotherapy and transplantation of bone marrow from matched sibling donors have been useful for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in patients with a poor prognosis but are not available to some two thirds of patients who do not have a matched allogeneic donor. We undertook this study to compare autologous and allogeneic marrow transplantation in the treatment of such cases. We treated 91 patients with high-dose chemoradiotherapy and followed them for 1.4 to 5 years. Forty-six patients with an HLA-matched donor received allogeneic marrow, and 45 patients without a matched donor received their own marrow taken during remission and purged of leukemic cells with use of monoclonal antibodies. Bone marrow engraftment occurred earlier in patients who received autologous marrow. Recipients of autologous marrow had shorter hospital courses, with significantly fewer peritransplantation deaths than recipients of allogeneic marrow. Post-transplantation relapse of leukemia was the most frequent cause of treatment failure; relapses occurred in an estimated 37 percent of patients with allogeneic grafts in whom graft-versus-host disease developed, 75 percent of patients with allogeneic grafts in whom graft-versus-host disease did not develop, and 79 percent of patients who received autologous grafts. The interval before relapse was significantly shorter in the autologous-marrow group than in the allogeneic-marrow group. Recipients of autologous and allogeneic marrow whose first pretransplantation remissions were short (less than 18 months) had eventual outcomes similar to those whose first remissions were longer than 18 months. Patients with a first remission lasting less than 18 months had an outcome better than that expected with chemotherapy alone. The fractions of "cured" patients were estimated to be 20 percent in the autologous-marrow group and 27 percent in the allogeneic-marrow group--not a significant difference, but because of the limited statistical power of the study, the question of long-term disease-free survival must still be considered open.
Virtual view generation by linear processing of two differently focused images (2002)

In this sketch, we present a novel approach to image-based rendering (IBR) techniques for generating a virtual view image from different positions with arbitrary focus using two differently focused images captured from a fixed position. In the conventional approach [Potmesil and Chakravarty 1981], focus blur have been produced by applying a realistic camera model to given 3D objects. We propose here a much simpler and more effective method only using space-invariant filters to render both parallax and focusing effects on objects in a scene, according to the virtual camera's position and focus depth respectively. The proposed method does not need any segmentation and 3D modeling.
ChemInform Abstract: 9‐(1,3‐DIHYDROXY‐2‐PROPOXYMETHYL)GUANINE: A NEW POTENT AND SELECTIVE ANTIHERPES AGENT (1983)

Abstract Der aus Epichlorhydrin mit Benzylalkohol erhaltene Bis‐ether (Ia) wird über (Ib) in das Acetat (Ic) umgewandelt, das mit Diacetylguanin (II) ein Gemisch der Verbindungen (III) und (IV) ergibt.
Posterior tibial nerve stimulation as treatment for the overactive bladder (2013)

PTNS is safe, and gives statistically significant improvements in the patient's assessment of OAB symptoms.
Patterns of DNA sequence polymorphism at Sod vicinities in Drosophila melanogaster : Unraveling the footprint of a recent selective sweep (2003)

We survey DNA sequence polymorphisms at the Sod locus and four neighboring regions of Drosophila melanogaster, spanning 55,513 base pairs (bp), in 15 strains from a natural population, plus one reference laboratory strain and one strain of Drosophila simulans. Our objective is to characterize a proposed selective sweep that occurred at a locus close to Sod in D. melanogaster and to characterize the strength of the selection event, its time, and the size of the hitchhiked region. Two regions, 1819 and 6kbr3r, show a pattern of polymorphism very similar to the one of Sod, implying that they have been affected by the same evolutionary process that impacted Sod. A third fragment, 2021 seems unaffected by the event. A fourth one, 4039, on the opposite flank of Sod in relation to 2021, is only partially affected. We estimate that the length of the chromosomal segment impacted by the selective sweep is 41-54 kb, the age of the selective sweep is 2,600-22,000 years, and the selective advantage is 0.020 < s < 0.103.
Evolutionary relationship between Halobacterium cutirubrum and eukaryotes determined by use of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases as phylogenetic probes (1980)

The cross-species reactivities between tRNAs and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases have been employed as a basis to estimate the relatedness of various prokaryotes to the eukaryotes. The tRNA of Halobacterium cutirubrum, unlike that of other prokaryotes tested, including Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Arthrobacter luteus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Myxococcus xanthus, Rhodopseudomonas spheroides, and Thermus aquaticus, was found to share with yeast, rat liver, and wheat germ tRNA a distinct preference for aminoacylation by eukaryotic synthetases from yeast as opposed to prokaryotic synthetases from either E. coli or R. spheroides. These results suggest that phylogenetically H. cutirubrum is more closely related to the eukaryotes than to the eubacteria.
Forskolin Stimulates Swelling-Induced Chloride Current, Not Cardiac Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane-Conductance Regulator Current, in Human Cardiac Myocytes (1995)

Whole-cell patch clamp was used to look for cystic fibrosis transmembrane-conductance regulator (CFTR)-like chloride currents in calcium-tolerant human cardiac myocytes. Potassium-containing solutions were used initially. Steady state currents were measured with hyperpolarizing ramps (-16.25 mV/s). Peak net inward currents during voltage steps from -50 to +5 mV were used as an index of L-type calcium current. Isoproterenol (1 mumol/L) or forskolin (10 mumol/L) were used in attempts to evoke CFTR-like chloride current. No forskolin- or isoproterenol-induced steady state current was found in any of 17 atrial cells from seven patients in the absence of cell swelling. Every cell exhibited a large increase in net inward current in response to forskolin, suggesting that cAMP-dependent stimulation of L-type calcium current was present. Swelling with osmotic stress induced an outwardly rectifying steady state current with a reversal potential close to the chloride equilibrium potential. Once this current was activated, exposure to forskolin caused a further increase that subsided on washout (four of four cells, two patients). The atrial swelling-induced current was studied in more detail by using cesium-containing solutions. The current was determined to be a chloride current because the reversal potential was sensitive to changes in intracellular chloride and outward currents were blocked by 150 mumol/L DIDS. Ventricular cells were isolated from five failing human hearts. No CFTR-like current was found in any of 17 cells. In eight of eight ventricular cells, a swelling-induced current was found. The amplitude of the swelling-induced current was enhanced by forskolin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Advances and Challenges of Liposome Assisted Drug Delivery (2015)

The application of liposomes to assist drug delivery has already had a major impact on many biomedical areas. They have been shown to be beneficial for stabilizing therapeutic compounds, overcoming obstacles to cellular and tissue uptake, and improving biodistribution of compounds to target sites in vivo. This enables effective delivery of encapsulated compounds to target sites while minimizing systemic toxicity. Liposomes present as an attractive delivery system due to their flexible physicochemical and biophysical properties, which allow easy manipulation to address different delivery considerations. Despite considerable research in the last 50 years and the plethora of positive results in preclinical studies, the clinical translation of liposome assisted drug delivery platforms has progressed incrementally. In this review, we will discuss the advances in liposome assisted drug delivery, biological challenges that still remain, and current clinical and experimental use of liposomes for biomedical applications. The translational obstacles of liposomal technology will also be presented.
Fabrication and Evaluation of Micro Parts by Metal Injection Molding (2004)

This study describes the micro evaluation methods for investigating the feedstock properties and the process conditions for industrial mass production of micro parts by Metal Injection Molding (MIM). The effects of feedstock properties such as particle size and powder loading on the sintered properties of micro-dumbbell specimens were investigated under various injection-molding conditions. Small particle size and high powder loading significantly improved the quality such as density and tensile strength, as well as yield percentage in producing sound micro-dumbbell sintered specimens. Deformation and fracture propagation behaviors were observed with the in-situSEM tensile test which was useful to comprehend the influences of feedstock properties on the mechanicalproperties of the micro MIM (μ-MIM) products
Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro Activity of Peptidomimetic Inhibitors of Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 (2008)

We describe the design and synthesis of a peptidomimetic library derived from the heptapeptide Ac-RDVLPGT-NH 2, belonging to the Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain of the adaptor protein MyD88 and effective in inhibiting its homodimerization. The ability of the peptidomimetics to inhibit protein-protein interaction was assessed by yeast 2-hybrid assay and further validated in a mammalian cell system by evaluating the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation, a transcription factor downstream of MyD88 signaling pathway that allows production of essential effector molecules for immune and inflammatory responses.
A Novel Semi-biosynthetic Route for Artemisinin Production Using Engineered Substrate-Promiscuous P450 BM3 (2009)

Production of fine chemicals from heterologous pathways in microbial hosts is frequently hindered by insufficient knowledge of the native metabolic pathway and its cognate enzymes; often the pathway is unresolved, and the enzymes lack detailed characterization. An alternative paradigm to using native pathways is de novo pathway design using well-characterized, substrate-promiscuous enzymes. We demonstrate this concept using P450(BM3) from Bacillus megaterium. Using a computer model, we illustrate how key P450(BM3) active site mutations enable binding of the non-native substrate amorphadiene. Incorporating these mutations into P450(BM3) enabled the selective oxidation of amorphadiene artemisinic-11S,12-epoxide, at titers of 250 mg L(-1) in E. coli. We also demonstrate high-yielding, selective transformations to dihydroartemisinic acid, the immediate precursor to the high-value antimalarial drug artemisinin.
Design of high-power, surface-emitting DFB lasers for suppression of filamentation (2003)

The susceptiblity of curved-grating, surface-emitting, distributed-feedback lasers to filamentation and multi-mode instability was studied by numerical modeling and analysis. It was found that reflections from the ends, edges and output window can intiate instability, leading to filmantation. These effects can be suppressed by using absorbers between the end of the stripe and teh cleaved ends of the chip, wide unpumped-grating edges, and introducing wedge into the substrate to alleviate the effect of window reflections. It was also found that increasing the optical-confinement factor improves stability. A specific design is presented that is stable up to values of antiguiding that is larger than that measured in InGaAs quantum well lasers.
Inhibition of Marburg virus protein expression and viral release by RNA interference (2005)

High mortality rates and lack of an available vaccine against Marburg haemorrhagic fever (MHF) highlight the need for a defensive therapy against MHF and greater knowledge of the causative agent, the Marburg virus (MARV). Here, RNA interference (RNAi) is employed to destroy MARV transcripts, disrupting replication and allowing analysis of various roles of MARV proteins. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) homologous to three MARV transcripts (NP, VP35 and VP30) were co-transfected into cells with plasmids encoding the corresponding nucleocapsid proteins. The resulting decrease in MARV nucleocapsid-protein levels was shown to be specific, as siRNA that was not homologous to the MARV genome did not decrease the levels of viral nucleocapsid proteins. Additionally, transcript levels of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-sensor proteins, the dsRNA-activated protein kinase and 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 remained unchanged, suggesting that the decrease in viral proteins was not a result of activation of the antiviral properties of the interferon system. Subsequently, siRNAs were shown to reduce intracellular viral proteins in MARV-infected cells and viral material released into the medium. Targeted reduction of VP30 downregulated the intracellular levels of all other viral proteins, suggesting that VP30 plays an essential role for transcription/replication. The efficient reduction of MARV replication also suggests that RNAi may provide an agent against MHF.
Design and qualification of hermetically packaged lithium niobate optical modulator (1998)

In this paper, we described the design, assembly, and qualification of a hermetically packaged optical modulator. A modular design and assembly approach has been applied to accommodate a wide range of applications from analog common antenna television (CATV) to digital telecommunications. This design modularity allows fiber subassemblies and the lithium niobate die to be characterized for optical and mechanical performance before they are incorporated into the packaged modulator and allows qualification of the subassemblies as well as the entire modulator.