gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Search Query Recommendations using Hybrid User Profile with Query Logs (2013)

The exhaustive information available in the World Wide Web indeed, unfolds the challenge of exploring the apposite, precise and relevant data in every search result. Apparently, in such instances of web-searching, Query Recommendations is the ultimate application in information retrieval. The Query Recommendation technique provides alternative queries to the user to frame a meaningful and relevant query in the future and rapidly satisfies their information needs. Similar query keywords are juxtaposed with the concept based hybrid user profile from the user log, query log and click-thru snippets to re-conduct the recommendation generation phase. The concept based hybrid user profile is used for recommending and re-ranking the queries. The given technique is very efficient and scalable; it is particularly effective in generating suggestions for rare queries and newly occurring queries. Experimental results based on log files and click-through data prove that the proposed algorithm performs well with better outcomes. The proposed strategies are experimentally evaluated using real time search process.
Small sample size effects in statistical pattern recognition: recommendations for practitioners and open problems (2002)

The authors discuss the effects of sample size on the feature selection and error estimation for several types of classifiers. In addition to surveying prior work in this area, they give practical advice to today's designers and users of statistical pattern recognition systems. It is pointed out that one needs a large number of training samples if a complex classification rule with many features is being utilized. In many pattern recognition problems, the number of potential features is very large and not much is known about the characteristics of the pattern classes under consideration: thus, it is difficult to determine a priori the complexity of the classification rule needed. Therefore, even when the designer believes that a large number of training samples has been selected, they may not be enough for designing and evaluating the classification problem at hand. It is further noted that a small sample size can cause many problems in the design of a pattern recognition system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Response to infusions of polyelectrolyte fractionated human factor VIII concentrate in human haemophilia A and von Willebrand's disease (1982)

Factor VIII was purified from cryoprecipitate by ion exchange chromatography on solid phase polyelectrolyte E-5 (PE-E5). The product was highly purified (3.5 u VIII:C/mg protein) compared to conventional concentrate (0.3 u VIII:C/mg protein) with low fibrinogen, low isoagglutinin titre, and a ratio of factor VIII coagulant activity (VIII:C) to factor VII related antigen (VIIIR:Ag) of 16:1. Trial infusions of this material (PE VIII) were given to three patients with severe haemophilia A and one patient with homozygous von Willebrand's disease. These patients also each received separate infusions of intermediate purity concentrate (IPC) for comparison. There were no adverse effects. The mean half life of VIII:C after PE VIII infusion in the haemophiliacs was 10.9 h and after IPC was 12.1 h, a statistically insignificant difference. The survival of factor VIII coagulant antigen (VIII:CAg) was similar to that of VIII:C. In contrast, the half life of VIII:C and of VIII:CAg was very short after infusion of PE VIII in the patient wih von Willebrand's disease (2.4 h). IPC when infused in this patient produced a typical secondary rise of VIII:C. Two bleeding episodes in severe haemophiliacs were satisfactorily treated with PE VIII. PE-E5 deserves further study as a means of preparing clinical concentrates of factor VIII.
Improved Bone Delivery of Osteoprotegerin by Bisphosphonate Conjugation in a Rat Model of Osteoarthritis (2009)

This study investigated the delivery of a model therapeutic protein, namely, osteoprotegerin (OPG), to bone sites in an animal model of osteoarthritis. The OPG was chemically conjugated to a "bone seeking" thiol-bisphosphonate (thiolBP) via a disulfide linkage. The BP conjugates of OPG were shown to display a higher hydroxyapatite affinity in vitro as compared to unmodified OPG. After intravenous injection, the bone uptake of OPG-thiolBP conjugate was increased 2-fold over that of control OPG under conditions of normal bone turnover. Furthermore, the retention of the OPG-thiolBP conjugate was significantly higher after 72 h. When administered to osteoarthritic rats undergoing active bone remodeling, the delivery of OPG-thiolBP conjugate to bone was increased more than 4-fold over that of control OPG after 24 h. These results suggest a significant advantage of BP conjugation as a drug delivery strategy for therapeutic cytokines in osteopenic bone diseases.
Unbiased detection of CRISPR off-targets in vivo using DISCOVER-Seq (2019)

CRISPR-Cas genome editing induces targeted DNA damage but can also affect off-target sites. Current off-target discovery methods work using purified DNA or specific cellular models but are incapable of direct detection in vivo. We developed DISCOVER-Seq (discovery of in situ Cas off-targets and verification by sequencing), a universally applicable approach for unbiased off-target identification that leverages the recruitment of DNA repair factors in cells and organisms. Tracking the precise recruitment of MRE11 uncovers the molecular nature of Cas activity in cells with single-base resolution. DISCOVER-Seq works with multiple guide RNA formats and types of Cas enzymes, allowing characterization of new editing tools. Off-targets can be identified in cell lines and patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells and during adenoviral editing of mice, paving the way for in situ off-target discovery within individual patient genotypes during therapeutic genome editing.
Optical Design and Analysis of LCD Backlight Units Using ASAP (2003)

The optical simulation, analysis, and design of backlight units (BLU) of liquid crystal displays, using ASAP optical modeling software, are introduced in this article. Two major types of BLU, i.e. edge lighting and bottom lighting, and their respective optical components are reviewed. The concerns in optical design of those components, namely the light guide in edge lighting BLU and the diffusion and reflection sheets in the bottom lighting BLU, are discussed. A scattering pattern is usually screen printed under the light guide, on which smaller scattering dots are sparsely located near the light sources while larger scattering dots are more densely distributed away from the sources. A diffusion sheet can be a Lambertian surface or with more sophisticated bidirectional reflection distribution function. The cross section of a reflection sheet may look like a parabolic curve that can be optimized. The structure of ASAP consists of the pre-processor that creates models and specify optical properties, the processor that calculates optical interactions, and the post-processor that retrieves and manipulates data for more analyses The general procedure of ASAP analyses and optimizations of both types of BLU is introduced The ASAP scripting language is powerful enough in optimizing the shape and dimensions of the BLU optical components fore mentioned. Finally the results of a case study of the design analysis for equal irradiance in a bottom lighting BLU are given to depict how the ASAP scripting language is applied to obtain the optimal locations for lamps.
Cationic Lipids with Increased DNA Binding Affinity for Nonviral Gene Transfer in Dividing and Nondividing Cells (2004)

Effect of headgroup structure on catonic lipid-mediated transfection was investigated with either a (i) tertiary amine, (ii) quaternary amine with a hydroxyl, or (iii) quaternary amine with mesylate as headgroups. Liposomes were formulated using cholesterol or dioleoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine (DOPE) as colipids, and transfection efficiencies were determined in rapidly dividing colon carcinoma (CT 26) and rat aortic smooth muscle (RASM) cells as well as in nondividing human pancreatic islets using luciferase and green fluorescent protein expression plasmids, pcDNA3-Luc and pCMS-EGFP, respectively. Liposome/pDNA complexes were evaluated for DNA conformational state by circular dichroism (CD), DNA condensation by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), particle size and zeta potential by laser diffraction technique, and surface morphology by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Encouraging transfection results were obtained with the mesylate headgroup based lipid in liposome formulations with DOPE as a colipid, which were higher than the commercially available Lipofectamine formulation. We hypothesize that the additional hydrogen bonding or covalent interactions of the headgroup with the plasmid DNA, leading to higher binding affinity of the cationic lipids to pDNA, results in higher transfection. This hypothesis is supported by TEM observations where elongated complexes were observed and more lipid was seen associated with the DNA.
Epitaxial ZnSe and Cubic GaN: Wide-Band-Gap Semiconductors with Similar Properties? (1997)

Due to a number of interesting applications, the interest in optoelectronic devices emitting coherent light with short wavelengths, such as blue or ultraviolet light emitting laser diodes (LDs) has increased dramatically. Two different approaches, one using II–VI wide-band-gap semiconductors (ZnSe-based devices) and one using III-nitrides (GaN-based devices), have been used to reach the goal of long-lifetime, continuously working LDs. Currently, ZnSe-based multilayer structures grown on lattice matched GaAs substrates are the more mature material for LD application. However, progress has been achieved also with the development of GaN-based, blue light emitting LDs. The III-nitrides crystallize in the wurtzite (hexagonal) crystal structure. This is an obstacle for the production of cleaved laser cavities. The growth of the metastable, zincblende (cubic) modification of group-III-nitrides, which may be an alternative material for the realization of LDs with cleaved cavities has been improved in the last few years. In this paper, some physical properties related to LD application of cubic II–VI and III–V wide-band-gap semiconductors are compared.
Attenuation and immunogenicity in mice of temperature-sensitive influenza viruses expressing truncated NS1 proteins (2005)

It was previously shown that two mutant influenza A viruses expressing C-terminally truncated forms of the NS1 protein (NS1-81 and NS1-110) were temperature sensitive in vitro. These viruses contain HA, NA and M genes derived from influenza A/WSN/33 H1N1 virus (mouse-adapted), and the remaining five genes from human influenza A/Victoria/3/75 virus. Mice intranasally infected with the NS1 mutant viruses showed undetectable levels of virus in lungs at day 3, whereas those infected with the NS1 wild-type control virus still had detectable levels of virus at this time. Nevertheless, the temperature-sensitive mutant viruses induced specific cellular and humoral immune responses similar to those induced by the wild-type virus. Mice immunized with the NS1 mutant viruses were protected against a lethal challenge with influenza A/WSN/33 virus. These results indicate that truncations in the NS1 protein resulting in temperature-sensitive phenotypes in vitro correlate with attenuation in vivo without compromising viral immunogenicity, an ideal characteristic for live attenuated viral vaccines.
Off the Radar: The Problem of Distance-learning in 'Integrated' Degrees (2007)

Just about everyone suspects that the rush to enrol distance- learning students in on-campus degrees tends to disadvantage them. Monir Mir and Abu Shiraz Rahaman set out to test this intuition, using accounting students as their guinea-pigs.
Spatiotemporal Activity Patterns During Respiratory Rhythmogenesis in the Rat Ventrolateral Medulla (2005)

One of the most important brain rhythms is that which generates involuntary breathing movements. The lower brain stem contains neural circuitry for respiratory rhythm generation in mammals. To date, microsectioning and selective lesioning studies have revealed anatomical regions necessary for respiratory rhythmogenesis. Although respiratory neurons distributed within these regions can be identified by their firing patterns in different phases of the respiratory cycle, conventional electrophysiology techniques have limited the study of spatial organization within this network. Optical imaging techniques offer the potential for monitoring the spatiotemporal activity of large groups of neurons simultaneously. Using high-speed voltage-sensitive dye imaging and spatial correlation analysis in an arterially perfused in situ preparation of the juvenile rat, we determined the spatial distribution of respiratory neuronal activity in a region of the ventrolateral respiratory group containing the pre-Bötzinger complex (pBC) during spontaneous eupneic breathing. While distinctly pre- and postinspiratory-related responses were spatially localizable on length scales less than 100 microm, we found the studied area on whole exhibited a spatial mixture of phase-spanning and postinspiratory-related activity. Additionally, optical recordings revealed significant widespread hyperpolarization, suggesting inhibition in the same region during expiration. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that inhibitory neurons play a crucial role in the inspiration-expiration phase transition in the pBC. To our knowledge this is the first optical imaging of a near fully intact in situ preparation that exhibits both eupneic respiratory activity and functional reflexes.
Changes in serum somatotropin, somatotropin mRNA, and serum and follicular insulin-like growth factor-I in response to feed restriction in cows actively immunized against growth hormone-releasing factor (1993)

Cyclic cows immunized against growth hormone-releasing factor (GRFi, n = 19), human serum albumin (HSAi, n = 10), or not immunized (CON, n = 18) were used to investigate the effects of feed restriction on serum and pituitary somatotropin (ST), pituitary ST mRNA, and serum and follicular IGF-I. Cows were either fed 2.7 kg/d cottonseed hulls (R) or given ad libitum access to feed (AL) for 15 d. Ovaries bearing the largest follicle and pituitaries were collected on d 14, at 44 to 45 h after injection of prostaglandin F2 alpha. Data from CON and HSAi cows were similar; thus, data were combined (represented as CON). Serum ST (nanograms/milliliter) on d 13 was greater (P < .09) in CON-R (5.3) than in CON-AL (3.9), whereas ST in GRFi-AL (1.1) and GRFi-R (1.1; pooled SE = .4) were similar. Hemipituitary weight (grams) and ST mRNA (arbitrary units) were greater (P < .05) in CON (1.5 +/- .1 and 135 +/- 25) than in GRFi (1.0 +/- .1 and 90 +/- 18) cows. Across immunization, ST mRNA and pituitary ST concentration (mg/100 mg of tissue), respectively, were greater (P < .06) in R (152 +/- 22 and 22.5 +/- 1.9) than in AL (73 +/- 16 and 17.3 +/- 1.8) cows. Immunization and diet decreased (P < .05) serum IGF-I (nanograms/milliliter) on d 13 (CON, 176 +/- 7 vs GRFi, 42 +/- 8; AL, 120 +/- 7 vs R, 98 +/- 8). Concentrations of IGF-I in follicular fluid (FFL) from the largest follicle were lower in GRFi (29 +/- 3) than in CON (102 +/- 6) cows; however, IGF-I in FFL was similar in AL (70 +/- 9) and R (71 +/- 10) cows. In conclusion, GRFi decreased serum ST and IGF-I, and decreased ST mRNA. Feed restriction increased serum ST and ST mRNA, and decreased serum IGF-I. Although feed restriction and GRFi decreased serum IGF-I, concentrations of IGF-I in FFL were decreased only by GRFi.
Detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal secretions by a biotin‐avidin ELISA more sensitive than the fluorescent antibody technique (1986)

The presence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was investigated by immunofluorescent antibody (IF) technique and by a biotin/avidin (BA) ELISA in 156 samples of nasopharyngeal secretions (NPS) obtained from infants and small children with acute respiratory disease. Of 70 RSV-IF-positive NPS, 68 were positive by BA-ELISA. Of 86 RSV-IF-negative NPS, eight were positive by BA-ELISA. BA-ELISA could detect 0.5-1.0 ng RSV-protein.
A 64-Mb DRAM with meshed power line (1991)

A 64-Mb dynamic RAM (DRAM) has been developed with a meshed power line (MPL) and a quasi-distributed sense-amplifier driver (qDSAD) scheme. It realizes high speed, t/sub RAS/=50 ns (typical) at V/sub cc/=3.3 V, and 16-b input/output (I/O). This MPL+qDSAD scheme can reduce sensing delay caused by the metal layer resistance. Furthermore, to suppress crosstalk noise, a V/sub SS/ shield peripheral layout scheme has been introduced, which also widens power line widths. This 64-Mb DRAM was fabricated with 0.4- mu m CMOS technology using KrF excimer laser lithography. A newly developed memory cell structure, the tunnel-shaped stacked-capacitor cell (TSSC), was adapted to this 64-Mb DRAM.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Clinical application of intratumoral blood flow study in patients with endometrial carcinoma (1998)

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between intratumoral blood flow as assessed by color Doppler ultrasound with stage, tumor grade, depth of invasion, and lymph node metastasis in endometrial carcinoma and determine its clinical usefulness. METHODS Sixty-six patients with endometrial carcinoma were enrolled. All patients received surgical treatment. Transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound was performed before surgery to detect the arterial blood flow signals within the tumors and the lowest resistance index (RI) was recorded. Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded pathology slides were reviewed by a senior pathologist to evaluate the histologic grading, tumor size, depth of myometrial invasion, and presence of lymph node metastasis. RESULTS Intratumoral RI correlated well with surgical staging, histologic grading, the depth of myometrial invasion, and the presence of lymph node metastasis. Significantly lower RI was noted in tumors of advanced stage (> than International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology [FIGO] Stage I) (0.38 ± 0.09 vs. 0.54 ± 0.11; P < 0.001), tumors with higher histologic grade (Grade 3) (0.36 ± 0.08 vs. 0.53 ± 0.11; P < 0.001), tumors with deep myometrial invasion (> 50% myometrial thickness) (0.38 ± 0.07 vs. 0.54 ± 0.11; P < 0.001), and tumors with lymph node metastasis (0.34 ± 0.07 vs. 0.52 ± 0.11; P < 0.001) compared with tumors with Stage I, Grade 1/2 histology, no or superficial myometrial invasion, and absence of lymph node metastasis, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Intratumoral blood flow analysis assessed by color Doppler ultrasound correlates well with surgical stage, tumor grade, myometrial invasion, and lymph node metastasis in patients with endometrial carcinoma. Assessment of tumor angiogenesis using color Doppler ultrasound provides useful information for the preoperative prediction regarding stage, histologic grade, depth of myometrial invasion, and presence of lymph node metastasis in patients with endometrial carcinoma. The authors believe routine pelvic lymph node dissection should be performed for those patients whose lowest RI values of intratumoral blood flow are ≤ 0.4 because those patients are at very high risk for pelvic lymph node involvement. Cancer 1998;82:1881-6. © 1998 American Cancer Society.
產業對安全供應鏈機制之行為意向 -- 以C-TPAT為例 (2008)

Abstract Globalization is a central fact of the global economy, involving increasing amounts of overseas components sourcing, overseas production, global factory networks, and lengthy geographically dispersed supply chains servicing international markets across the world. September 11, 2001 reminded governments and industries of the importance of supply chain security. In response to the challenge of security-related problems, governments and international organizations have launched a few supply chain security initiatives to tighten border security for imports and exports. Some of those security initiatives expect firms to collaborate with their supply chain partners, such as foreign manufacturers and logistics providers, to develop a supply chain wide security. Hence, the importance of supply chain collaboration is reinforced. To secure homeland, governments offer benefits to lure the participation of firms. At the same time, firms stuck in the anxiety and confusion about new challenges while suffering from the inconvenience and increasing cost. We employed Diffusion of Innovation in this study for supply chain security initiatives can be conceptualized as an innovation for Taiwanese manufacturing companies. To address the undecided influence exerted by firm size in past studies, analysis is conducted separately by firm size categories in this study in order to pursue further understanding of influence exerted by firm size on firms’ behavioral intention. This study aims at identifying supply chain and firm size effect in predicting firms’ intention of participating in an supply chain security initiative and bridging the gap between governments and supply chains.
Epidemiology of surgically managed pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence (1997)

Pelvic floor dysfunction is a major health issue for older women, as shown by the 11.1% lifetime risk of undergoing a single operation for pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence, as well as the large proportion of reoperations. Our results warrant further epidemiologic research in order to determine the etiology, natural history, and long-term treatment outcomes of these conditions.
Improved specificity of RT-PCR amplifications using nested cDNA primers (1993)

Journal Article Improved specificity of RT-PCR amplifications using nested cDNA primers Get access Gottfried Baier, Gottfried Baier Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar David Telford, David Telford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Erich Gulbins, Erich Gulbins Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nobuo Yamada, Nobuo Yamada 1Immunobiology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology11149 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Toshiaki Kawakami, Toshiaki Kawakami 1Immunobiology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology11149 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Amnon Altman Amnon Altman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 21, Issue 5, 11 March 1993, Pages 1329–1330, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/21.5.1329 Published: 11 March 1993 Article history Received: 10 November 1992 Revision received: 01 February 1993 Accepted: 01 February 1993 Published: 11 March 1993
Organometallic crystal engineering of [(1,4- and 1,3-hydroquinone)Rh(P(OPh)3)2]BF4by charge assisted hydrogen bonding (2005)

The ionic complexes [(1,4- and 1,3-hydroquinone)Rh(P(OPh)3)2]BF4 form porous organometallic structures dictated by charge assisted hydrogen bonding.