gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A family of mammalian Fringe genes implicated in boundary determination and the Notch pathway (1997)

The formation of boundaries between groups of cells is a universal feature of metazoan development. Drosophila fringe modulates the activation of the Notch signal transduction pathway at the dorsal-ventral boundary of the wing imaginal disc. Three mammalian fringe-related family members have been cloned and characterized: Manic, Radical and Lunatic Fringe. Expression studies in mouse embryos support a conserved role for mammalian Fringe family members in participation in the Notch signaling pathway leading to boundary determination during segmentation. In mammalian cells, Drosophila fringe and the mouse Fringe proteins are subject to posttranslational regulation at the levels of differential secretion and proteolytic processing. When misexpressed in the developing Drosophila wing imaginal disc the mouse Fringe genes exhibit conserved and differential effects on boundary determination.
Second‐line chemotherapy for recurrent carcinoma of the ovary (1993)

Despite relatively high response rates to chemotherapy for ovarian carcinoma, most patients eventually will have progressive disease that will require additional therapy. Most efforts to study such second-line or "salvage" chemotherapy have been single-arm trials of small numbers of patients, which report widely variable response rates, relatively short response durations, and short survival times. Only recently have certain critical patient characteristics been recognized as important in determining appropriate therapy as follows: (1) the extent and volume of disease at recurrence and (2) the type and duration of response to prior chemotherapy. Patients with small-volume disease confined to the peritoneal cavity have a far better chance of achieving a response to second-line chemotherapy with subsequent prolonged survival than do those with bulky disease or disease outside the abdomen. Perhaps even more critical is the distinction between those patients whose neoplasm is still "clinically sensitive" to the platinum-containing compounds (initial response to platinum-based therapy and relapse more than 6 months after cessation of treatment) and those with "clinically resistant" disease (progression during or within 6 months of front-line platinum-based therapy). Those considered clinically sensitive to platinum-based therapy should be retreated with a platinum-containing regimen at the time of recurrence. Those with evidence for resistance should receive alternative treatment with one or more drugs capable of inducing responses in such patients. These drugs currently include: taxol, ifosfamide, and hexamethylmelamine.
Fc receptors on lymphocytes and K cells (1984)

Conference Article| October 01 1984 Fc receptors on lymphocytes and K cells J. GERGELY; J. GERGELY 1Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, 2131 Göd, Javorka S.u. 14, Hungary Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar M. SÁNDOR; M. SÁNDOR 1Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, 2131 Göd, Javorka S.u. 14, Hungary Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar GABRIELLA SÁRMAY; GABRIELLA SÁRMAY 1Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, 2131 Göd, Javorka S.u. 14, Hungary Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar F. UHER F. UHER 1Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, 2131 Göd, Javorka S.u. 14, Hungary Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1984) 12 (5): 739–743. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0120739 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation J. GERGELY, M. SÁNDOR, GABRIELLA SÁRMAY, F. UHER; Fc receptors on lymphocytes and K cells. Biochem Soc Trans 1 October 1984; 12 (5): 739–743. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0120739 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: ADCC, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity; Con A, concanavalin A; EA, sensitized erythrocytes; Ig, immunoglobulin; FcR, Fc receptor This content is only available as a PDF. © 1984 Biochemical Society1984 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Double dummy comparison between once and twice daily dosing with modified‐release carbamazepine in epileptic patients. (1993)

1. Fourteen patients with refractory epilepsy on a twice daily regimen of modified-release carbamazepine (CBZ-MR. Tegretol Retard. Ciba Pharmaceuticals) completed a balanced, double-blind, double dummy, random order, crossover comparison of 8 weeks treatment with once (o.d.) and twice daily (b.d.) dosing. In order to obtain a profile of serum CBZ concentrations over 24 h on once daily dosing, patients were randomised to taking it in the morning (o.d. a.m.) or evening (o.d. p.m.) for 4 weeks. Each treatment was taken with a placebo of the other and total tablet numbers were matched. Blood sampling was undertaken 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h after the morning tablets at the end of each 4 week treatment period. 2. Overall, trough serum drug concentrations (Cmin) were lower with once daily dosing (Cmin: b.d. 7.5 mg l-1, o.d. 6.5 mg l-1, P < 0.05, 95% CI of the difference -1.3 to -0.1), but no significant differences were found in average (Cav) or peak (Cmax) concentrations, AUC values or fluctuations in CBZ concentrations. 3. Pharmacokinetic parameters for CBZ 10.11 epoxide, the active metabolite of CBZ did not differ significantly between the dosage schedules. 4. Seizure control was similar during once and twice daily dosing with CBZ-MR (median seizures/month (range): b.d. 1 (0-14.5), o.d. 0.5 (0-11), NS, 95% CI of the difference -1.8 to + 0.25). 5. There were no differences in psychomotor performance between the treatment periods. 6. More patients (n = 11) preferred treatment (P < 0.05) with once daily than twice daily dosing (n = 3) with CBZ-MR. 7. Once daily dosing with CBZ-MR should be possible in the majority of patients receiving the drug as monotherapy.
A Lightweight, Low-Cost ADS-B System for UAS Applications (2007)

[Abstract] Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) are proliferating in the military. At the same time, civil government, commercial entities and research organizations are looking into unmanned aircraft for a variety of applications in domestic airspace. Despite the growing demand and many advantages offered by the portability, low cost, and sophistication of these systems, their use in the National Airspace System (NAS) remains limited. Safety of other airspace users is the primary concern. Small UAS are difficult to see visually and sense electronically (e.g., radar). The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the aviation community must ensure that the operation of small UAS in the NAS will not pose an undue risk that degrades safety. Making small UAS more conspicuous to other aircraft would reduce the risk of collision and facilitate their integration into the NAS. One means of making an aircraft more “visible” is through the electronic broadcast of the aircraft’s state vector data (i.e., position and velocity). For many years, FAA surveillance radars and radarbased technologies, such as Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS), have relied on the active interrogation of aircraft transponders to determine position and velocity. With the advent of Automated Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) and its adoption by the FAA and other civil aviation authorities around the world, aircraft will begin broadcasting their state vector to Air Traffic Control (ATC) and other ADS-B equipped aircraft independent of transponder interrogators. Since many small UAS will likely operate in airspace not covered by radar, the use of ADS-B for these operations seems to be a promising opportunity. However, the limited payload and power generation capabilities of small UAS make it impractical for them to equip with existing ADS-B units, not to mention the transponder-based system available today. Without an ADS-B or transponder system, it is difficult to imagine the widespread applications envisioned for small UAS in the NAS. In October 2006, The MITRE Corporation began researching the use of a lightweight, low-cost, and low-power version of ADS-B for small UAS. This system will employ the Universal Access Transceiver (UAT) datalink and will be interoperable with existing FAA certified UAT-based ADS-B systems operating in the NAS. A modular architecture enables the device to be either stand-alone or integrated with other electronics or sensors. Using ADS-B requirements as a base will enable conformance to the planned FAA system. This paper presents progress on the feasibility of the UAT Beacon radio for small UAS having limited power, weight, and space.
Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ by Nitric Oxide in Monocytes/Macrophages Down-Regulates p47phox and Attenuates the Respiratory Burst (2002)

Abstract NO appears as an important determinant in auto and paracrine macrophage function. We hypothesized that NO switches monocyte/macrophage function from a pro- to an anti-inflammatory phenotype by activating anti-inflammatory properties of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ. NO-releasing compounds (100 μM S-nitrosoglutathione or 50 μM spermine-NONOate) as well as inducible NO synthase induction provoked activation of PPARγ. This was proven by EMSAs, with the notion that supershift analysis pointed to the involvement of PPARγ. PCR analysis ruled out induction of PPARγ mRNA as a result of NO supplementation. Reporter assays, with a construct containing a triple PPAR response element in front of a thymidine kinase minimal promoter driving the luciferase gene, were positive in response to NO delivery. DNA binding capacity as well as the transactivating capability of PPARγ were attenuated by addition of the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine or in the presence of the NO scavenger 2-phenyl-4,4,5,6-tetramethyl-imidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide. Having established that NO but not lipophilic cyclic GMP analogs activated PPARγ, we verified potential anti-inflammatory consequences. The oxidative burst of macrophages, evoked by phorbol ester, was attenuated in association with NO-elicited PPARγ activation. A cause-effect relationship was demonstrated when PPAR response element decoy oligonucleotides, supplied in front of NO delivery, allowed to regain an oxidative response. PPARγ-mediated down-regulation of p47 phagocyte oxidase, a component of the NAD(P)H oxidase system, was identified as one molecular mechanism causing inhibition of superoxide radical formation. We conclude that NO participates in controlling the pro- vs anti-inflammatory phenotype of macrophages by modulating PPARγ.
Characterization of Type I Receptors for Transforming Growth Factor-β and Activin (1994)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and activin exert their effects by binding to heteromeric complexes of type I and type II receptors. The type II receptors for TGF-beta and activin are transmembrane serine-threonine kinases; a series of related receptors, denoted activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) 1 to 5, have recently been identified, and ALK-6 is described here. ALK-5 has been shown to be a functional TGF-beta type I receptor. A systematic analysis revealed that most ALKs formed heteromeric complexes with the type II receptors for TGF-beta and activin after overexpression in COS cells; however, among the six ALKs, only ALK-5 was a functional TGF-beta type I receptor for activation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and only ALK-2 and ALK-4 bound activin with high affinity.
Optical Properties of Star-Shaped Gold Nanoparticles (2006)

Here we report the synthesis, structure, and optical properties of ca. 100 nm star-shaped gold nanoparticles. Single particle spectroscopy measurements revealed that these nanoparticles have multiple plasmon resonances resulting in polarization-dependent scattering with multiple spectral peaks, which correspond to the different tips on the star-shaped structure. The plasmon resonances were also found to be extremely sensitive to the local dielectric environment.
Targeting Tim-3 and PD-1 pathways to reverse T cell exhaustion and restore anti-tumor immunity (2010)

The immune response plays an important role in staving off cancer; however, mechanisms of immunosuppression hinder productive anti-tumor immunity. T cell dysfunction or exhaustion in tumor-bearing hosts is one such mechanism. PD-1 has been identified as a marker of exhausted T cells in chronic disease states, and blockade of PD-1-PD-1L interactions has been shown to partially restore T cell function. We have found that T cell immunoglobulin mucin (Tim) 3 is expressed on CD8(+) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in mice bearing solid tumors. All Tim-3(+) TILs coexpress PD-1, and Tim-3(+)PD-1(+) TILs represent the predominant fraction of T cells infiltrating tumors. Tim-3(+)PD-1(+) TILs exhibit the most severe exhausted phenotype as defined by failure to proliferate and produce IL-2, TNF, and IFN-γ. We further find that combined targeting of the Tim-3 and PD-1 pathways is more effective in controlling tumor growth than targeting either pathway alone.
Articular Cartilage Paste Grafting to Full‐Thickness Articular Cartilage Knee Joint Lesions: A 2‐ to 12‐Year Follow‐up (2006)

Level IV, case series.
Constitutive secretion of hematopoietic cytokines by human carcinoma cell lines and its up-regulation by interleukin-1 and phorbol ester. (1999)

We investigated secretion of hematopoietic growth factors in ten human tumor cell lines, derived from 5 different tissue types. The cell lines were stimulated transiently with interleukin-1 (IL-1 ), IL-6, interferon-ç (IFN-ç), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA), respectively. Conditioned media (CM) were screened in a bioassay using an indicator cell line which is growth factor-dependent and needs the supply of at least one hematopoietic cytokine. The CM of almost all tumor cell lines analyzed induced proliferation of this indicator cell line as documented by incorporation of [3H]-thymidine. The majority of constitutively cytokine-producing tumor cell lines could be induced to further increase their amounts of secreted proliferation-inducing activity. The strongest inducers were TPA and IL-1 ; weakly or not effective at all were IFN-ç, LPS and IL-6. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) identified several cytokines and macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and IL-6 were secreted at the highest concentrations. Especially in kidney cell lines, the levels of granulocyte-macrophage-CSF (GM-CSF), M-CSF and IL-6 were further strongly increased by the TPA and IL-1 pretreatment. The by far highest amounts of granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF) were elaborated by the bladder cell line T-24 and could be further more than doubled by TPA. Other cell lines, derived from esophagus, lung and pancreas, responded less strongly to the pretreatment with the biomodulators. Our results demonstrating secretion of functionally active cytokines by human solid tumor cell lines suggest that these, to date so-called, hematopoietic cytokines are not entirely hematopoietic specific and might play a fundamentally important role in tumor cell biology.
Acyclovir inhibition of Epstein-Barr virus replication. (1980)

Acyclovir [9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine] triphosphate inhibits Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated DNA polymerase (DNA nucleotidyltransferase; EC 2.7.7.7) to a greater extent than it inhibits host alpha and beta DNA polymerases. The affinity of the compound for viral polymerase is 100-fold higher than for alpha-polymerase. The extent of inhibition is dependent upon the base composition of the template-primer. The inhibition is prevented by increasing concentrations of deoxyguanosine triphosphate. The EBV-associated DNA polymerase reaction in the presence of the inhibitor, although depressed, proceeds at a linear rate over a long period of time. In contrast, the reaction of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I in the presence of 2',3'-dideoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate, a DNA chain terminator, levels off after initial linearity. Preincubation of acyclovir triphosphate with DNA and enzyme does not increase its inhibitory activity. The virus-producing cell line P3HRF-1 consistently shows reduced viral genome numbers and viral capsid antigen on prolonged exposure to acyclovir. The number of EBV genomes returns to the control level when the cells are grown in drug-free medium. The results suggest that a competitive mechanism is the major mode of acyclovir inhibition of EBV replication.
Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Oligo(nucleoside phosphorothioate)s (1994)

Abstract Encouraging results obtained for modulation of gene expression by antisense oligonucleotides and their analogues have kindled hopes for a new generation of therapeutics against viral infections, cancer, and many other diseases. Among such analogues, oligo(nucleoside phosphorothioate)s (Oligo‐S) have generally shown the highest efficacy in inhibiting the biosynthesis of “unwanted” proteins. The first clinical trials of antisense agents are now in progress using Oligo‐S against genital warts and acute myeloid leukemia, and tests of Oligo‐S against AIDS should follow soon. Nevertheless, their mechanism of action, internalization, cellular trafficking, subcellular localization, and interaction with cellular proteins is still poorly understood. It is assumed a priori that application involves rapid and efficient molecular recognition of target RNA by Oligo‐S; however, the effects of the chirality of Oligo‐S have so far been unappreciated, because Oligo‐S has not yet been synthesized with stereocontrol. Indeed, the diastereomeric composition of Oligo‐S has never been determined, primarily because of the lack of appropriate analytical methods. Since each of the diastereomers is a stereochemically unique chemical entity, questions arise as to which diastereomer is responsible for an observed biological response, including positive (curative) or possibly negative (toxic) side effects. In this review we intend provide a perhaps somewhat speculative assessment of the problems associated with the stereo‐controlled synthesis of Oligo‐S and to discuss the state‐of‐the‐art in this field including strategies that may lead to Oligo‐S of predetermined chirality. This article is not intended to discourage researchers from further studies of dia‐steromeric mixtures of Oligo‐S as potential pharmaceuticals. Throughout the history of medicinal chemistry numerous useful medicines were discovered, developed, and employed without the detailed knowledge of their structure. Indeed, the composition of the vaccines discovered by Pasteur is a subject of vigorous study still today.
Cost effective Internet access and video conferencing for a community cancer network. (1995)

Utilizing the ubiquitous personal computer as a platform, and Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) communications, cost effective medical information access and consultation can be provided for physicians at geographically remote sites. Two modes of access are provided: information retrieval via the Internet, and medical consultation video conferencing. Internet access provides general medical information such as current treatment options, literature citations, and active clinical trials. During video consultations, radiographic and pathology images, and medical text reports (e.g., history and physical, pathology, radiology, clinical laboratory reports), may be viewed and simultaneously annotated by either video conference participant. Both information access modes have been employed by physicians at community hospitals which are members of the Jefferson Cancer Network, and oncologists at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital. This project has demonstrated the potential cost effectiveness and benefits of this technology.
Enantioselective synthesis of β-hydroxy amines and aziridines using asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of α-amino ketones (2001)

Enantioselective transfer hydrogenation of α-amino ketones is an effective method for the asymmetric synthesis of β-hydroxy amines and aziridines.
ChemInform Abstract: VIC‐IODOTHIOCYANATES AND IODOISOTHIOCYANATES. PART 2. NEW SYNTHESES OF THIAZOLIDIN‐2‐ONES AND 2‐AMINO‐2‐THIAZOLINES (1979)

Abstract Durch Erhitzen in Methanol/Tetrachlorethylen unter Feuchtigkeits‐ und Lichtausschluß bzw. durch Umsetzen mit Aminen wie (III) in Ether bei 20°C erhält man aus vicinalen Iod‐isothiocyanaten wie (II) bzw. (VI) Thiazolidinone‐(2), wie (I) bzw. (V), bzw. 2‐Amino‐A′ ‐thiazoline, wie (IV) bzw. (VII).
APPLICATION OF CONTROLLED THERMAL EXPANSION IN MICROLAMINATION FOR THE ECONOMICAL PRODUCTION OF BULK MICROCHANNEL SYSTEMS (2007)

Diffusion bonding has been widely used within microlamination architectures for the fabrication of micro energy and chemical systems (MECS). MECS are microsystems with the ability to process bulk amounts of fluid within highly parallel microchannel arrays capable of accelerated heat and mass transfer. Thus far, diffusion bonding of microchannel arrays is commonly done in a vacuum hot press system. The use of the hot press greatly restricts the production rate due to vacuum pump-down time and heating-up and cool-down periods. Furthermore, larger substrates are gaining interest in the system design of MECS devices, and it is not apparent that uniaxial pressing within a hydraulic vacuum hot press will provide the bonding pressure uniformity necessary for large substrate bonding. This article presents a novel fabrication approach for high-volume thermal bonding of MECS devices with the use of controlled thermal expansion. A thermal bonding fixture based on the principle of differential thermal expansion was developed with a focus on controlling the bonding pressure magnitude, the pressure timing, and its sensitivity. The application of such a fixture within a conveyorized furnace system could be the key to a continuous thermal bonding approach for the mass production of MECS devices.
From Bacterial Glycogen to Starch: Understanding the Biogenesis of the Plant Starch Granule (2003)

Plants, green algae, and cyanobacteria synthesize storage polysaccharides by a similar ADPglucose-based pathway. Plant starch metabolism can be distinguished from that of bacterial glycogen by the presence of multiple forms of enzyme activities for each step of the pathway. This multiplicity does not coincide with any functional redundancy, as each form has seemingly acquired a distinctive and conserved role in starch metabolism. Comparisons of phenotypes generated by debranching enzyme-defective mutants in Escherichia coli and plants suggest that enzymes previously thought to be involved in polysaccharide degradation have been recruited during evolution to serve a particular purpose in starch biosynthesis. Speculations have been made that link this recruitment to the appearance of semicrystalline starch in photosynthetic eukaryotes. Besides the common core pathway, other enzymes of malto-oligosaccharide metabolism are required for normal starch metabolism. However, according to the genetic and physiological system under study, these enzymes may have acquired distinctive roles.
UTILIZATION OF L-α-GLYCEROPHOSPHATE BY ESCHERICHIA COLI WITHOUT HYDROLYSIS (1962)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.