gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spark plasma sintering plus heat-treatment of Ta-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 solid electrolyte and its ionic conductivity (2020)

Abstract Ta-doped Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (Ta-LLZO) solid electrolyte ceramics were synthesized by solid-state sintering, spark plasma sintering (SPS) and SPS plus heat-treatment (two-step method) using LiOH·H 2 O, La 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 and Ta 2 O 5 as the raw materials. The Ta-LLZO samples prepared from these three routes are all in cubic phase structure. However, the solid-state method results in Ta-LLZO samples with different particle sizes and porous morphology, while the samples prepared by SPS route contain fewer internal voids and smaller particle size. The two-step method not only retains the high compactness of SPS samples, but also the increment of grain size. The SEM results demonstrate that Ta-LLZO sintered by the two-step method shows optimal electrical properties. And the total ionic conductivity is 4.6 × 10 −3 S cm −1 at 150 °C and the activation energy is calculated to be 0.38 eV.
Studies on the Role of Citrus in Health and Disease (1980)

Since 1973, we at the University of Florida have been systematically evaluating the role of citrus fruits and their products in human nutrition. Our previous studies of citrus have yielded valuable information relating to the beneficial nutritional role of citrus in providing certain vitamins, replenishing lost electrolytes, and possibly inhibiting viral infections. Our ongoing research in the area of study of the chemistry and biological role of dietary citrus pectin in human nutrition has yielded results elucidating the complex chemical nature of pectin and the possible biochemical basis by which dietary pectin may cause lowering of serum and/or liver cholesterol. In addition, another series of ongoing experiments suggest that citrus pectin may influence the biological processes regulating the absorption of glucose in patients with postprandial hypoglycemia. This article is a review of our major biomedical research efforts, previous and ongoing, on the role of citrus and citrus pectin in human
A mouse aminopeptidase N is a marker for antigen‐presenting cells and appears to be co‐expressed with major histocompatibility complex class II molecules (1993)

To analyze the expression of mouse aminopeptidase N (APN) on the cells of the immune system a panel of rat monoclonal antibodies against mouse intestinal APN was generated. These antibodies were used to affinity purify functional mouse APN from both intestine and kidney, and by flow cytometry to examine the APN expression of the cells of the mouse immune system. An APN closely related, perhaps identical, to the intestinal APN was expressed on a subpopulation of spleen cells and stimulated peritoneal exudate cells, primarily representing antigen-presenting cells, such as B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and veiled cells. In contrast this APN expression could not be detected on thymocytes or spleen T cells. As a corollary, APN was expressed on monocyte, macrophage, and B lymphoma cell lines, but not on T hybridoma or thymoma cell lines. The expression of APN showed a striking correlation with the MHC class II expression in all the cell populations studied. This apparent co-expression suggests a role for APN in antigen processing.
Angiogenic neovessels promote tissue hypoxia (2016)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
T-bet regulates IgG class switching and pathogenic autoantibody production (2002)

A molecular understanding of the regulation of IgG class switching to IL-4-independent isotypes, particularly to IgG2a, remains largely unknown. The T-box transcription factor T-bet directly regulates Th1 lineage commitment by CD4 T cells, but its role in B lymphocytes has been largely unexplored. We show here a role for T-bet in the regulation of IgG class switching, especially to IgG2a. T-bet-deficient B lymphocytes demonstrate impaired production of IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3 and, most strikingly, are unable to generate germ-line or postswitch IgG2a transcripts in response to IFN-gamma. Conversely, enforced expression of T-bet initiates IgG2a switching in cell lines and primary cells. This function contributes critically to the pathogenesis of murine lupus, where the absence of T-bet strikingly reduces B cell-dependent manifestations, including autoantibody production, hypergammaglobulinemia, and immune-complex renal disease and, in particular, abrogates IFN-gamma-mediated IgG2a production. Classical T cell manifestations persisted, including lymphadenopathy and cellular infiltrates of skin and liver. These results identify T-bet as a selective transducer of IFN-gamma-mediated IgG2a class switching in B cells and emphasize the importance of this regulation in the pathogenesis of humorally mediated autoimmunity.
Introduction to Peptide Synthesis (2001)

A number of synthetic peptides are significant commercial or pharmaceutical products, ranging from the dipeptide sugar-substitute aspartame to clinically used hormones, such as oxytocin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and calcitonin. This unit provides an overview of the field of synthetic peptides and proteins, including their purification. It discusses selecting the solid support and common coupling reagents. Additional information is provided regarding common side reactions and synthesizing modified residues.
Regulation and characterization of protein products coded by the nif (nitrogen fixation) genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae (1978)

Two hundred and thirty-five Nif- strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were characterized by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Forty-two of these strains were tested further by in vitro acetylene reduction assays. By these techniques, nine nif-coded polypeptides were identified, and eight of these were assigned to specific nif genes. Nitrogenase component I required nifK and nifD, which coded for the beta and alpha subunits, and nifB, -E, and -N were required for the iron-molybdenum cofactor, which is a part of the active site of nitrogenase. nifH coded for the structural protein of component II, and nifM and nifS products seemed to be necessary for the synthesis of an active component II. There were two genes, nifF and nifJ, that were required for N2 fixation in vivo but not for N2 fixation in vitro. There were at least two cases (nifE and nifN, nifK and nifD) of two proteins that seemed to require each other for stability in vivo. Regulation of N2 fixation is apparently complex, and this is reflected by the assignment of regulatory functions to the gene products of nifA, nifL, nifK, nifD, nifH, and NIFJ.
Re-configurable computing in wireless (2001)

Wireless communications requires a new approach to implement the algorithms for new standards. The computational demands of these standards are outstripping the ability of traditional signal processors, and standards are changing too quickly for traditional hardware implementation. In this paper we outline how reconfigurable processing can meet the needs for wireless base station design while providing the programmability to allow not just field upgrades as standards evolve, but also to adapt to much more dynamic factors in the environment such as traffic mix and the weather. We outline how a designer works with the Chameleon reconfigurable processor from algorithm design to prototyping on a development module.
Réactivité du nucléophile azoture vis-à-vis de cations hétérocycliques aromatiques. VIII. Réarrangement de β-tétrazolo-trans-benzalacétophénones (1985)

β-Tetrazolyl-trans-benzalacetophenones (T) isomerize upon heating into the corresponding azido-azomethines (A). These non-isolable products undergo various transformations depending on the reaction conditions. With organic bases such as triphenylphosphine or pyridine, their interception can occur. In aromatic solvents, a rearrangement involving loss of nitrogen leads to five-membered diazoted heterocycles:-N-benzoyl imidazoles and pyrazoles, via intermediate diazirines and oxazepines. Protic solvents have been found to facilitate the isomerisation of tetrazoles into azidoazomethines. Solvolysis of the azidooxazine and in some cases of the oxazinium species resulting from the equilibrium and reaction:[Formula: see text]are then observed.
Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis with an Integrated Postcolumn Reactor (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicrochip Capillary Electrophoresis with an Integrated Postcolumn ReactorStephen C. Jacobson, Lance B. Koutny, Roland. Hergenroeder, Alvin W. Moore, and J. Michael. RamseyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 20, 3472–3476Publication Date (Print):October 15, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00092a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00092a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1084Altmetric-Citations289LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cell-type-specific, Aptamer-functionalized Agents for Targeted Disease Therapy (2014)

One hundred years ago, Dr. Paul Ehrlich popularized the "magic bullet" concept for cancer therapy in which an ideal therapeutic agent would only kill the specific tumor cells it targeted. Since then, "targeted therapy" that specifically targets the molecular defects responsible for a patient's condition has become a long-standing goal for treating human disease. However, safe and efficient drug delivery during the treatment of cancer and infectious disease remains a major challenge for clinical translation and the development of new therapies. The advent of SELEX technology has inspired many groundbreaking studies that successfully adapted cell-specific aptamers for targeted delivery of active drug substances in both in vitro and in vivo models. By covalently linking or physically functionalizing the cell-specific aptamers with therapeutic agents, such as siRNA, microRNA, chemotherapeutics or toxins, or delivery vehicles, such as organic or inorganic nanocarriers, the targeted cells and tissues can be specifically recognized and the therapeutic compounds internalized, thereby improving the local concentration of the drug and its therapeutic efficacy. Currently, many cell-type-specific aptamers have been developed that can target distinct diseases or tissues in a cell-type-specific manner. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the use of cell-specific aptamers for targeted disease therapy, as well as conjugation strategies and challenges.
Microfabrication of a tapered channel for isoelectric focusing with thermally generated pH gradient (2002)

A simple microfabrication technique for the preparation of a tapered microchannel for thermally generated pH gradient isoelectric focusing (IEF) has been demonstrated. The tapered channel was cut into a plastic sheet (thickness was 120 microm), and the channel was closed by sandwiching the plastic sheet between two glass microscope slides. The length of the microchannel was 5 cm. The width of the separation channel was 0.4 mm at the narrow end and 4 mm at the wide end. The channel was coated with polyacrylamide to prevent electroosmotic flow (EOF) during focusing. Two electrolyte vials were mounted on top of each end of the channel with the wide end of the channel connected to the cathodic vial and the narrow to the anodic vial. The feasibility of the thermally generated pH gradient in a tapered channel was demonstrated. Important parameters that determined the feasibility of using a thermally generated pH gradient in a tapered channel were analyzed. Parameters to be optimized were control of EOF and hydrodynamic flow, selection of power supply mode and prevention of local overheating and air bubble formation. Tris-HCl buffer, which has a high pK(a) dependence with temperature, was used both to dissolve proteins and as the electrolyte. The thermally generated pH gradient separation of proteins was tested by focusing dog, cat and human hemoglobins with a whole column detection capillary IEF (CIEF) system.
Biosynthesis of Triacylglycerols (TAGs) in Plants and algae (2011)

Triacylglycerols (TAGs), which consist of three fatty acids bound to a glycerol backbone, are major storage lipids that accumulate in developing seeds, flower petals, pollen grains, and fruits of innumerous plant species. These storage lipids are of great nutritional and nutraceutical value and, thus, are a common source of edible oils for human consumption and industrial purposes. Two metabolic pathways for the production of TAGs have been clarified: an acyl CoA-dependent pathway and an acyl-CoA-independent pathway. Lipid metabolism, specially the pathways to fatty acids and TAG biosynthesis, is relatively well understood in plants, but poorly known in algae. It is generally accepted that the basic pathways of fatty acid and TAG biosynthesis in algae are analogous to those of higher plants. However, unlike higher plants where individual classes of lipids may be synthesized and localized in a specific cell, tissue or organ, the complete pathway, from carbon dioxide fixation to TAG synthesis and sequestration, takes place within a single algal cell. Another distinguishing feature of some algae is the large amounts of very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs) as major fatty acid components. Nowadays, the focus of attention in biotechnology is the isolation of novel fatty acid metabolizing genes, especially elongases and desaturases that are responsible for PUFAs synthesis, from different species of algae, and its transfer to plants. The aim is to boost the seed oil content and to generate desirable fatty acids in oilseed crops through genetic engineering approaches. This paper presents the current knowledge of the neutral storage lipids in plants and algae from fatty acid biosynthesis to TAG accumulation.
Vasopressors for shock (2004)

The current available evidence is not suited to inform clinical practice. We were unable to determine whether a particular vasopressor is superior to other agents in the treatment of states of shock.
Impairment of pancreatic microcirculation correlates with the severity of acute experimental pancreatitis. (1994)

Impaired microcirculatory perfusion characterizes severe, but not mild, pancreatitis. The predominant early change is stasis rather than vasoconstriction. As the changes become more severe, necrosis occurs in a heterogeneous distribution.
Structure of the catalytic fragment of poly(AD-ribose) polymerase from chicken. (1996)

The crystal structures of the catalytic fragment of chicken poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase [NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase; NAD+:poly(adenosine-diphosphate-D-ribosyl)-acceptor ADP-D-ribosyltransferase, EC 2.4.2.30] with and without a nicotinamide-analogue inhibitor have been elucidated. Because this enzyme is involved in the regulation of DNA repair, its inhibitors are of interest for cancer therapy. The inhibitor shows the nicotinamide site and also suggests the adenosine site. The enzyme is structurally related to bacterial ADP-ribosylating toxins but contains an additional alpha-helical domain that is suggested to relay the activation signal issued on binding to damaged DNA.
Kinetic Mechanism of Damage Site Recognition and Uracil Flipping by Escherichia coli Uracil DNA Glycosylase (1998)

The DNA repair enzyme uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG) catalyzes hydrolytic cleavage of the N-glycosidic bond of premutagenic uracil residues in DNA by flipping the uracil base from the DNA helix. The mechanism of base flipping and the role this step plays in site-specific DNA binding and catalysis by enzymes are largely unknown. The thermodynamics and kinetics of DNA binding and uracil flipping by UDG have been studied in the absence of glycosidic bond cleavage using substrate analogues containing the 2'-alpha and 2'-beta fluorine isomers of 2'-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (Ubeta, Ualpha) positioned adjacent to a fluorescent nucleotide reporter group 2-aminopurine (2-AP). Activity measurements show that DNA containing a Ubeta or Ualpha nucleotide is a 10(7)-fold slower substrate for UDG (t1/2 approximately 20 h), which allows measurements of DNA binding and base flipping in the absence of glycosidic bond cleavage. When UDG binds these analogues, but not other DNA molecules, a 4-8-fold 2-AP fluorescence enhancement is observed, as expected for a decrease in 2-AP base stacking resulting from enzymatic flipping of the adjacent uracil. Thermodynamic measurements show that UDG forms weak nonspecific complexes with dsDNA (KDns = 1.5 microM) and binds approximately 25-fold more tightly to Ubeta containing dsDNA (KDapp approximately 50 nM). Thus, base flipping contributes less than approximately 2 kcal/mol to the free energy of binding and is not a major component of the >10(6)-fold catalytic specificity of UDG. Kinetic studies at 25 degrees C show that site-specific binding occurs by a two-step mechanism. The first step (E + S left and right arrow ES) involves the diffusion-controlled binding of UDG to form a weak nonspecific complex with the DNA (KD approximately 1.5-3 microM). The second step (ES left and right arrow E'F) involves a rapid step leading to reversible uracil flipping (kmax approximately 1200 s-1). This step is followed closely by a conformational change in UDG that was monitored by the quenching of tryptophan fluorescence. The results provide evidence for an enzyme-assisted mechanism for uracil flipping and exclude a passive mechanism in which the enzyme traps a transient extrahelical base in the free substrate. The data suggest that the duplex structure of the DNA is locally destabilized before the base-flipping step, thereby facilitating extrusion of the uracil. Thus, base flipping contributes little to the free energy of DNA binding but contributes greatly to specificity through an induced-fit mechanism.
Computational solution of inverse directed self-assembly problem (2013)

Predicting directed self-assembly (DSA) patterns from given chemoepitaxy or graphoepitaxy directing patterns is a well known <i>direct</i> problem of computational DSA simulations. This paper concentrates on <i>inverse problem of DSA</i> – finding directing graphoepitaxy or chemoepitaxy patterns, resulting in given desired DSA patterns. Approaches to computational solution of inverse DSA problem are discussed, particularly the ones based on a linearization of the DSA model and minimizing the objective function ensuring the formation of the desired DSA patterns. We illustrate these approaches by presenting the results of their application to an inverse DSA problem for contact holes patterned using graphoepitaxy guiding templates.
Cell-Dependent Differential Cellular Uptake of PNA, Peptides, and PNA-Peptide Conjugates (2002)

Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligomers were conjugated to cell-penetrating peptides: pAnt, a 17-residue fragment of the Drosophila protein Antennapedia, and pTat, a 14-amino acid fragment of HIV protein Tat. A 14-mer PNA was attached to the peptide by disulfide linkage or by maleimide coupling. The uptake of (directly or indirectly, via biotin) fluorescein-labeled peptides, PNAs, or PNA-peptide conjugates was studied by fluorescence microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and fluorometry in five cell types. In SK-BR-3, HeLa, and IMR-90 cells, the PNA-peptide conjugates and a T1, backbone-modified PNA were readily taken up (2 microM). The PNA was almost exclusively confined to vesicular compartments in the cytosol. However, the IMR-90 cells also showed a weak diffuse staining of the cytoplasm. In the U937 cells, we observed a very weak and exclusively vesicular staining with the PNA-peptide conjugates and the T(lys)-modified PNA. No evident uptake of the unmodified PNA was seen. In H9 cells, both peptides and the PNA-peptide conjugates quickly associated with the membrane, followed by a weak intracellular staining. A cytotoxic effect resulting in artificial staining of the cells was observed with fluoresceinated peptides and PNA-peptide conjugates at concentrations above 5-10 microM, depending on cell type and incubation time. We conclude that uptake of PNAs in many cell types can be achieved either by conjugating to certain peptides or simply by charging the PNA backbone using lysine PNA units. The uptake is time, temperature, and concentration dependent and mainly endocytotic. Our results also show that proper controls for cytotoxicity should always be carried out to avoid misinterpretation of visual data.
Systematic replication study of reported genetic associations in prostate cancer: Strong support for genetic variation in the androgen pathway (2006)

Background Association studies have become a common and popular method to identify genetic variants predisposing to complex diseases. Despite considerable efforts and initial promising findings, the field of prostate cancer genetics is characterized by inconclusive reports and no prostate cancer gene has yet been established. Methods We performed a literature review and identified 79 different polymorphisms reported to influence prostate cancer risk. Of these, 46 were selected and tested for association in a large Swedish population-based case-control prostate cancer population. Results We observed significant (P < 0.05) confirmation for six polymorphisms located in five different genes. Three of them coded for key enzymes in the androgen biosynthesis and response pathway; the CAG repeat in the androgen receptor (AR) gene (P = 0.03), one SNP in the CYP17 gene (P = 0.04), two SNPs in the SRD5A2 gene (P = 0.02 and 0.02, respectively), a deletion of the GSTT1 gene (P = 0.006), and one SNP in the MSR1 gene, IVS5-59C > A, (P = 0.009). Conclusions Notwithstanding the difficulties to replicate findings in genetic association studies, our results strongly support the importance of androgen pathway genes in prostate cancer etiology. Prostate © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.