gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biochemical and molecular characterization of gliadins (2006)

Gliadins account for about 40-50% of the total proteins in wheat seeds and play an important role on the nutritional and processing quality of flour. Usually, gliadins could be divided into alpha- (alpha/beta-), gamma- and omega-groups, whereas the low-molecular-weigh (LMW) gliadins were novel seed storage proteins. The low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GSs) were also designated as gliadins in a few literatures. The genes encoding gliadins were mainly located on the short arms of group 6 and group 1 chromosomes, and not evenly distributed. Repetitive sequences covered most of un-coding regions, which attributed greatly to the evolution of wheat genome. Primary structure of each gliadin has been divided into several domains, and the long repetitive domains consisted of peptide motifs. Conserved cysteine residues mainly formed intramolecular disulphide bonds. The rare potential intermolecular disulphide bonds and the long repetitive domains played an important role in the wheat flour quality. There was a general idea that gliadin genes, even prolamin genes, have a common origin and subsequent divergence lead to the gene polymorphism. The gamma-gliadins have been considered to be the most ancient of the wheat prolamin family. Several elements in the 5'-flanking (e.g. CAAT and TATA box) and the 3'-flanking sequences had been detected, which had been shown necessary for the proper expression of gliadins.
Activity Recognition and Monitoring Using Multiple Sensors on Different Body Positions (2006)

The design of an activity recognition and monitoring system based on the eWatch, multi-sensor platform worn on different body positions, is presented in this paper. The system identifies the user's activity in realtime using multiple sensors and records the classification results during a day. We compare multiple time domain feature sets and sampling rates, and analyze the tradeoff between recognition accuracy and computational complexity. The classification accuracy on different body positions used for wearing electronic devices was evaluated
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor produced in recombinant baculovirus infected Sf9 insect cells couples with endogenous G‐proteins to activate ion channels (1992)

Following the infection of insect ovarian cells (Sf9) with recombinant bearing the cDNA coding for the rat muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor subtype m3, ionic flux across the membrane in response to the application of ACh was examined electrophysiologically. We show that ACh activates potassium currents. The response is abolished when cells are treated with pertussis toxin. No ACh-induced currents are observed from uninfected cells or cells infected with virus which do not contain the cDNA coding for ACh receptors in its genome. The characteristics of single channel currents show time-dependent changes following the application of ACh. Initially, ACh activates brief channel currents with a conductance of about 5 pS. The conductance level of channels gradually increases in steps to 10 pS and then to 20 pS and 40 pS. At the same time, channel open probability also increases. Thereafter, additional channels appear, opening and closing independently of, or at times in synchrony with, the original channel.
Characterization of overlapping XAGE-1 transcripts encoding a cancer testis antigen expressed in lung, breast, and other types of cancers. (2002)

Cancer testis (CT) antigens have an expression pattern that is predominantly restricted to testis in normal tissues, yet they are expressed in many different histological types of cancers. One previously described member of the CT antigen family, XAGE-1, was shown to be expressed in Ewing's sarcomas and rhabdomyosarcomas. Here we show that XAGE-1 is also expressed in breast cancer, prostate cancer, and different types of lung cancers, including lung squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, small cell lung carcinoma, and non-small cell lung carcinoma. In addition, XAGE-1 mRNA was present in ovarian cancer, melanoma, glioblastoma, T-cell lymphoma, chronic myelogenous leukemia, and histiocytic lymphoma cell lines. We also characterized the XAGE-1 transcript by primer extension analysis and found that transcription of the XAGE-1 gene is initiated from two distinct start sites, resulting in two overlapping transcripts, XAGE-1a and XAGE-1b. XAGE-1a contains two in-frame ATG translational start codons; whereas XAGE-1b initiates downstream of the first ATG start codon. Our results suggest that XAGE-1b is the dominant transcript, and that translation begins with the second ATG start codon, producing a 9 kDa protein. Because XAGE-1 is expressed in such a diverse range of cancers, it has potential to be used as a target for many cancer immunotherapies.
Two Decades of Cardiovascular Trials With Primary Surrogate Endpoints: 1990–2011 (2017)

Although cardiovascular surrogate outcomes trials frequently show superiority of the tested intervention, they are infrequently followed by a prominent outcomes trial. When there was a high-profile clinical outcomes study, nearly half of the positive surrogate trials were not validated. Cardiovascular surrogate outcome trials may be more appropriate for excluding benefit from the patient perspective than for identifying it.
Vascular Morphogenesis and Remodeling in a Human Tumor Xenograft (2001)

To determine mechanisms of blood vessel formation and growth in solid tumors, we used a model in which LS174T human colon adenocarcinomas are grown in the isolated ovarian pedicle of nude mice. Reconstruction of 3500 histological serial sections demonstrated that a new vascular network composed of venous-venous loops of varying sizes grows inside the tumor from the wall of the adjacent main vein. Loops elongate and remodel to establish complex loop systems. The mechanisms of loop formation and remodeling correspond to intussusceptive microvascular growth (IMG). In the tissue surrounding the tumor segmentation, another mechanism of IMG is prevalent in venous vessels. Comparison to vascular morphogenesis in the ovariectomized pedicle not only confirms the existence of corresponding mechanisms in both systems, but also reveals numerous sprouts that are superimposed onto loop systems and pathological deviations of loop formation, remodeling, and segmentation in the tumor. These pathological mechanisms interfere with vessel patency that likely cause heterogenous perfusion and hypoxia thus perpetuating angiogenesis. Blood vessel formation based on IMG was also detected in a large thrombus that completely occluded a part of an ovarian artery branch.
The crystal structures of Lactococcus lactis MG1363 Dps proteins reveal the presence of an N‐terminal helix that is required for DNA binding (2005)

Dps proteins play a major role in the protection of bacterial DNA from damage by reactive oxygen species. Previous studies have implicated the extended lysine-containing N-terminal regions of Dps subunits in DNA binding, but this part of the structure has not previously been observed crystallographically. Here the structures of two Dps proteins (DpsA and DpsB) from Lactococcus lactis MG1363 reveal for the first time the presence of an N-terminal alpha helix that extends from the core of the Dps subunit. Consequently, the N-terminal helices are displayed in parallel pairs on the exterior of the dodecameric Dps assemblies. Both DpsA and DpsB bind DNA. Deletion of the DpsA N-terminal helix impaired DNA binding. The N-terminal Lys residues of Escherichia coli Dps have been implicated in DNA binding. Replacement of the lactococcal DpsA Lys residues 9, 15 and 16 by Glu did not inhibit DNA binding. However, DNA binding was inhibited by EDTA, suggesting a role for cations in DNA binding. In contrast to E. coli, Bacillus brevis and Mycobacterium smegmatis Dps:DNA complexes, in which DNA interacts with crystalline Dps phases, L. lactis DNA:Dps complexes appeared as non-crystalline aggregates of protein and DNA in electron micrographs.
Mitigation of impedance changes due to electroporation therapy using bursts of high-frequency bipolar pulses (2015)

The electric field distributions due to high-frequency, bipolar electroporation pulses can be closely approximated with the homogeneous analytical solution. This paves way for modeling fields without prior characterization of non-linear tissue properties, and thereby simplifying electroporation procedures.
Heterologous expression and characterization of the human R-ras gene product. (1987)

We directly expressed human R-ras 23,000-dalton protein (p23) cDNA in Escherichia coli under the control of the trp promoter. GTP-dependent phosphorylation of a p23 threonine 85 substitution mutant was observed. This result is in direct analogy to the autokinase activity of H-ras and K-ras threonine 59 substitution mutants. Normal p23 protein was detected in the human fibrosarcoma cell line HT1080 by immunoprecipitation with rabbit antibodies raised against an E. coli-expressed R-ras fusion protein. The R-ras p23 protein was found to be 3H labeled in the presence of [9,10(n)-3H]palmitic acid and is associated with the P100 membrane fraction of HT1080 cells. These data suggest that human R-ras p23 has biochemical properties very similar to those of the p21 products of the H-, K-, and N-ras proto-oncogenes. We constructed an R-ras minigene and engineered the expression of normal and mutant alleles from the simian virus 40 early region promoter. Normal and mutant R-ras gene products were authenticated by transient expression in COS-7 cells and immunoprecipitation. The valine 38-substituted R-ras p23 displayed reduced electrophoretic mobility. R-ras p21-like proteins, made by eliminating the first 26 R-ras codons, displayed evident mobility differences between the pro form and mature form, along with a valine 12 substitution-dependent change in electrophoretic mobility. Rat-1 fibroblasts were transfected with normal and mutant R-ras alleles and normal and activated H-ras alleles. Unlike the human T24 bladder oncogene-encoded p21, mutant R-ras alleles do not cause monolayer focus formation or growth in soft agar of rat fibroblasts.
Regulation of DNA Demethylation during Maturation of CD4+ Naive T Cells by the Conserved Noncoding Sequence 1 (2009)

Abstract Demethylation of transcriptional regulatory elements and gene coding regions is an important step in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Several noncoding conserved regions are required for the efficient transcription of cytokine genes. In this paper, we show that the deletion of one such sequence, conserved noncoding sequence 1 (CNS-1), interferes with the efficient demethylation of Th2 cytokine genes but has little effect on histone modifications in the area. Th2 cells derived from CD4 single-positive (SP) mature thymocytes exhibit more rapid demethylation of CNS-1 and Th2-specific cytokine genes and produce more Th2 cytokines than do Th2 cells derived from CD4-positive peripheral naive T cells. De-repression of the Th1 cytokine IFN-γ was also detected in Th2-primed CD4 SP thymocytes but not in naive T cells. Our results indicate that susceptibility to demethylation determines the efficiency and kinetics of cytokine gene transcription. The extrathymic maturation step undergone by naive T cells suppresses robust and rapid cytokine expression, whereas mature CD4 SP thymocytes maintain a rapid and less-specific cytokine expression profile. Finally, we detected the methyl cytosine binding protein MBD2 at CNS-1 in mature thymocytes, suggesting that this protein may regulate the demethylation of this region.
Inhibition of Listeriolysin O-Induced Hemolysis by Bovine Lactoferrin. (1999)

Lactoferrin (LFR) plays an important role in the anti-microbial defense through iron binding, lipopolysaccharide binding and immunomodulation. In this study, we demonstrate that bovine LFR specifically inhibits the hemolytic activity of listeriolysin O (LLO) produced by Listeria monocytogenes. The hemolytic activity of LLO was completely inhibited in the presence of bovine LFR that was highly purified on two cation-exchange columns, whereas that of streptolysin O or perfringolysin O was not inhibited at all. A rabbit anti-LFR antibody canceled this inhibitory activity of bovine LFR. Although human transferrin exhibits 62% amino acid identity with bovine LFR, human apo-transferrin could not inhibit LLO-induced hemolysis. An increase in the concentration of FeCl3 or the Fe3+-saturation of bovine LFR, however, slightly reduced its inhibition of the hemolysis. The inhibitory activity of bovine LFR was dependent on pH, since it was observed under neutral and alkali conditions, but not under acidic conditions. These results suggest that the inhibition of LLO-induced hemolysis by bovine LFR is influenced by pH and iron ions, both of which may lead to conformational changes of LFR.
Molecular dynamics of a classical lattice gas: Transport properties and time correlation functions (1976)

A study of the dynamics of a discrete two-dimensional system of classical particles is presented. In this model, dynamics and computations may be done exactly, by definition. The equilibrium state is investigated and the Navier-Stokes hydrodynamical equations are derived. Two hydrodynamical modes exist in the model: the sound waves and a kind of vorticity diffusion. In the Navier-Stokes equations one obtains a transport coefficient which is given by a Green-Kubo formula. The related time correlation function has been calculated in a numerical simulation up to a time of the order of 50 mean free flights. After a short time of exponential decay this time correlation behaves like ${t}^{\ensuremath{-}S}$, the exponent being compared to theoretical predictions.
A Variant Hemoglobin Found in Macaca fuscata: Another Polymerizing Hemoglobin of Macaques (1975)

A variant hemoglobin was found initially in the Ihama troop at the Izu Peninsula, after examined more than 1000 samples of Macaca fuscata. The variant hemoglobin showed a slower migrating mobility than the normal hemoglobin in starch gels at alkaline pH, when released from the red cells, and possessed an unusual property that formed molecular aggregates, like Hb-Pmi of Macaca irus, but differed from that in several respects.The aggregated forms of the fuscata variant were observed to show less heterogeneous than those of Pmi, and their molecular size was estimated to correspond to two normal hemoglobins. Electrophoretic and peptide mapping studies revealed that the abnormality of the variant rested in β-chain at one of the residues corresponding to the peptide βTp 10.The variant phenotypes were found in polymorphic frequency only in two populations, the Ihama and Yugawara, out of more than 30 troops examined. The distribution pattern that the occurrence of variant alleles is restricted to some of the troops was quite similar to the other polymorphic traits sofar investigated in Macaca fuscata.Hb-Pfus Ihama or fuscata Hb-Ihama is proposed to this variant hemoglobin.
Keratocyte phenotype is enhanced in the absence of attachment to the substratum. (2008)

These results provide a new paradigm for understanding signals that regulate extracellular matrix secretion. For primary keratocytes, the alteration of the cellular environment in terms of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions mediates and can override signals from soluble cytokines in influencing matrix expression and also in adopting other aspects of the fibroblastic and myofibroblastic phenotypes found in healing wounds.
Irradiation‐induced grafting of polyacrylamide onto the sulphonated poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) (SPPO) films as well as its use as catalytical layer in a bipolar membrane (2008)

Abstract The sulfonated poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) (SPPO) was modified by γ‐ray irradiation‐reduced grafting of polyacrylamide. The grafting reaction was proved by the elemental composition of grafted SPPO, which was determined by XPS data. The influences of both the irradiation dose and the concentration of polymerization inhibitor on grafting copolymerization rate were investigated and the effect of graft rate on water content of SPPO film was fully discussed. Bipolar membranes were prepared by using these grafted SPPO as the cation exchange layers (and thus the grafted polyacrylamide is used as interfacial layer) and their I–V curves were studied. The results showed that γ‐ray irradiation‐reduced grafting copolymerization of acrylamide was one of the most efficient methods to improve the properties of a bipolar membrane. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Increased Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene Copy Number Is Associated With Poor Prognosis in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas (2006)

High EGFR gene copy number by FISH is frequent in HNSCC and is a poor prognostic indicator. Additional investigation is indicated to determine the biologic significance and implications for EGFR inhibitor therapies in HNSCC.
Skin Pigmentation and Pharmacokinetics of Melanotan-I in Humans (1997)

A comparative pharmacokinetic trial was performed with a superpotent synthetic melanotropic peptide, [Nle4-D-Phe7]-alpha-MSHi-13 (melanotan-I or MT-I) given by three routes of administration. Plasma levels were measured by RIA and tanning was quantiated using serial reflectometry. Doses of 0.16 mgkg-1 were administered intravenously (IV) and orally (PO), and doses from 0.08 to 0.21 mg kg-1 subcutaneously (SC), in a randomized crossover fashion to three male volunteers over five consecutive days for 2 weeks (ten doses). The results indicate that the SC dose is completely bioavailable compared to the IV dose. No detectable drug levels were observed following PO dosing. The plasma half-lives following SC dosing ranged from 0.07 to 0.79 h for the absorption phase and from 0.8 to 1.7 h for the beta-phase. Clearance ranged from 0.12 to 0.19 L kg-1 h-1 and 3.9% or less of the dose was recovered in the urine. Side-effects were minimal, consisting of occasional gastrointestinal upset and facial flushing. Significant tanning of the forehead, arms, and neck was noted following IV or SC dosing. This effect peaked at 1 week following drug administration but was still present 3 weeks after completing the ten-dose regimen. It is concluded that SC administration is an efficacious method of delivering melanotan-I.
Advances in Hydrogels Applied to Degenerative Diseases (2012)

Hydrogels are currently applied in the treatment of numerous degenerative diseases because of their three dimensional (3D) nature, high water content and wide range of polymers that can be used for their fabrication. Hydrogels have been investigated and commercialized, for example, as soft contact lens-based ophthalmic drug delivery systems. These novel devices improved the bioavailability of ophthalmic drugs and their residence time. Hydrogels are also being investigated to facilitate and augment targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. This approach minimizes significantly the side effects associated with conventional administration of anti-cancer therapeutics. The application of hydrogels as 3D scaffold has recently gained momentum because they can mimic key features of the extracellular matrix. For this reason, hydrogels are representing a viable alternative to traditional tumor xenograft in cancer biology studies. This review highlights recent advances in the development of hydrogels that are applied in degenerative diseases such as ocular, cancer, spine and cartilage degenerative pathologies.
Coherent perfect absorption in epsilon-near-zero metamaterials (2012)

In conventional materials, strong absorption usually requires that the material have either high loss or a large thickness-to-wavelength ratio ($d/\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\gg}1$). We find the situation to be vastly different for bilayer structures composed of a metallic substrate and an anisotropic epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) metamaterial, where the permittivity in the direction perpendicular to its surface, ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{z}$, vanishes. Remarkably, perfect absorption can occur in situations where the metamaterial is arbitrarily thin ($d/\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\ll}1$) and arbitrarily low loss. Our numerical and analytical solutions reveal that under the conditions ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{z}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$ and $\ensuremath{\mathfrak{I}}({\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{z})\ensuremath{\gg}\ensuremath{\mathfrak{R}}({\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{z})$, at perfect absorption there is a linear relationship between the thickness and the loss, which means the thickness of the absorber can be pushed to zero by reducing the material loss to zero. This counterintuitive behavior is explained in terms of coherent perfect absorption (or stimulated absorption) via critical coupling to a fast wave propagating along the ENZ layer.
EPR study of structural phase transitions in (NH4)2Cd2(SO4)3 (1989)

Abstract EPR studies of structural phase transitions in (NH4)2Cd2(SO4)3 (ACS) are carried out using Mn2+, Cr3+ and radiation induced paramagnetic defects as probes. The EPR spectrum of Cr3+ exhibits broadening, splitting and evolution of a satellite structure, in a very narrow temperature range (102–100 K), which increases in intensity considerably below 99 K. The EPR line due to SO- 4 exhibits somewhat similar broadening and splitting between 101 and 99 K, below which the spectral lines nearly merge with the background. These results are interpreted as being due to an order-disorder type reorientation of SO2- 4, influenced by that due to NH+ 4, resulting in a number of magnetically inequivalent sites for Cr3+ at the Cd2+ site below 101 K. The EPR spectrum of Mn2+ increases in complexity as the temperature is lowered. However, changes in it at 93 K indicate yet another phase transition at that temperature. Key Words: Structural phase transitionsEPRlangbeinites
Customized Dynamic Load Balancing for a Network of Workstations (1996)

Load balancing involves assigning to each processor work proportional to its performance, minimizing the execution time of the program. Although static load balancing can solve many problems (e.g., those caused by processor heterogeneity and non uniform loops) for most regular applications, the transient external load due to multiple users on a network of workstations necessitates a dynamic approach to load balancing. We examine the behavior of global vs. local, and centralized vs. distributed, load balancing strategies. We show that different schemes are best for different applications under varying program and system parameters. Therefore, customized load balancing schemes become essential for good performance. We present a hybrid compile time and run time modeling and decision process which selects (customizes) the best scheme, along with automatic generation of parallel code with calls to a run time library for load balancing.
Adenovirus-Associated Defective Virus Particles (1965)

Small, DNA-containing particles were separated from preparations of a simian adenovirus. These particles differed antigenically from the adenovirus. Replication of the particles in cell cultures was obtained only when theywere inoculated simultaneously with adenoviruses. This suggests that these adenovirus-associated particles behave as defective viruses.