gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECTS OF ACID‐BASE PROPERTIES OF MOO3‐BI2O3‐P2O5 CATALYSTS ON OXIDATION ACTIVITY AND SELECTIVITY (1975)

Abstract Es wird die Gashasenoxidation von cis‐2‐Buten, Butadien, Essigsäure und Wasserstoff über MoO 3 ‐Bi2O3‐P2O5 ‐Katalysatoren mit wechselndem Bi 2 O 3 ‐Gehalt untersucht.
Control of modes of intramolecular imidazole catalysis of ester hydrolysis by steric and electronic effects (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTControl of modes of intramolecular imidazole catalysis of ester hydrolysis by steric and electronic effectsGary A. Rogers and Thomas C. BruiceCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 8, 2463–2472Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00815a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00815a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1245Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Diagnosis and treatment of carotid body paraganglioma: 21 years of experience at a clinical center of Serbia (2005)

BACKGROUND: The carotid body paraganglioma (chemodectoma) is a relatively rare neoplasm of obscure origin. These are usually benign and commonly present as asymptomatic cervical mass. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Records of 12 patients (9 female and 3 male) with carotid body tumors treated between 1982 and 2003, treated at our center were retrospectively reviewed. Data on classification, clinical presentation, and surgical treatment were extracted from the case records. Surgical complications and treatment outcome were noted and survival was calculated by actuarial method. The literature on carotid body paraganglioma was reviewed. RESULTS: The average age of the patients was 52 years (range 30-78 years). Eight of these cases presented as a large asymptomatic non-tender neck mass, and two each presented with dysphagia, and hoarseness of voice. As per Shamblin classification seven of tumors were type II and 5 were types III. In 7 cases subadventitial tumor excision was performed, while in 5 associated resection of both external and internal carotid arteries was carried out. The artery was repaired by end-to-end anastomosis in one case, with Dacron graft in one case, and with saphenous vein graft in 3 cases. There was no operative mortality. After a mean follow-up of 6.2 years (range 6 months to 20 years), there were no signs of tumor recurrence in any of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for carotid body paragangliomas although radiation therapy is an option for patients who are not ideal candidates for surgery. For the tumors that are in intimate contact with carotid arteries, the treatment by vascular surgeon is recommended.
Sacrificial Biological Templates for the Formation of Nanostructured Metallic Microshells (2005)

Biological templates: Diatom cell walls were coated with metallic films and then subsequently dissolved to yield nanostructured metallic microshells that exhibit the structural characteristics of the diatom templates. The unique nanostructural details of the microshells (see image) make them useful as substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z500988_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Reusable garbled circuits and succinct functional encryption (2013)

Garbled circuits, introduced by Yao in the mid 80s, allow computing a function f on an input x without leaking anything about f or x besides f(x). Garbled circuits found numerous applications, but every known construction suffers from one limitation: it offers no security if used on multiple inputs x. In this paper, we construct for the first time reusable garbled circuits. The key building block is a new succinct single-key functional encryption scheme.
Plasma levels of beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 as indices of platelet activation in vivo (1981)

Measurement of plasma levels of two secreted platelet proteins (beta- thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4) has been suggested as a means for detecting increased platelet activation in vivo. A crucial question in the measurement is the distinction between in vivo and in vitro secretion of the proteins. One approach to this distinction is the measurement of both proteins in each sample. These proteins are present in platelets in similar amounts and are released in similar quantities, but the plasma levels of beta-thromboglobulin exceed the plasma levels of platelet factor 4. This difference in plasma level is presumably due to more rapid removal of platelet factor 4 from the plasma level, and there is suggestive evidence that the rapid removal of released platelet factor 4 is due to its binding to endothelial cells. It appears that when there is increased release of beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 in vivo, there is an increase in the ratio of plasma beta-thromboglobulin to plasma platelet factor 4 compared to that found in normal individuals, whereas when in vitro release is responsible for elevated levels, the ratio decreases. Thus measurements of both proteins in each blood sample will allow distinction between in vivo release and artefactual in vitro release.
Synthesis of TiO2−PMMA Nanocomposite:  Using Methacrylic Acid as a Coupling Agent (2007)

Inorganic-polymer nanocomposites are of significant interest for emerging materials due to their improved properties and unique combination of properties. Methacrylic acid (MA), a functionalization agent that can chemically link TiO2 nanomaterials (n-TiO2) and polymer matrix, was used to modify the surface of n-TiO2 using a Ti-carboxylic coordination bond. Then, the double bond in MA was copolymerized with methyl methacrylate (MMA) to form a n-TiO2-PMMA nanocomposite. The resulting n-TiO2-PMMA nanocomposite materials were characterized by using thermal analysis, electron microscopy, and elemental analysis. The dynamic mechanical properties (Young's and shear modulus) were measured using an ultrasonic pulse technique. The electron microscopy results showed a good distribution of the nanofillers in the polymer matrix. The glass transition temperature, thermal degradation temperature, and dynamic elastic moduli of the nanocomposites were shown to increase with an increase in the weight percentage of nanofibers in the composite. The resulting nanocomposites exhibited improved elastic properties and have potential application in dental composites and bone cements.
Observations on organ distribution of fluorescein-labelled tumour cells released intravascularly. (1983)

By labelling cells with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and other fluorescent dyes and examining frozen sections of several organs of the recipients with an ultraviolet microscope, it has been demonstrated that viable tumour cells arrive in all organs examined within 15 min of inoculation either intravenously or arterially and are still detectable in various organs 30 days later. Although the method is not quantitatively accurate, its advantages are that the cells can be directly visualised and it can be confirmed that the label is attached to whole viable cells and not to cellular fragments. The findings effectively dispose of the possibility that the consistent absence of deposits in certain sites in animals inoculated with cells from spontaneous murine mammary tumours is due to failure of the cells to reach them. It has also been confirmed that FITC-labelled cells are still capable of forming deposits and occasional fluorescent cells are detected in these secondary neoplasms.
Bioactivity and Prognostic Significance of Growth Differentiation Factor GDF15 Secreted by Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Multiple Myeloma (2012)

Overexpression of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells occurs widely in patients with multiple myeloma, but the pathophysiologic effects of GDF15 in this setting remain undefined. GDF15 has been described in numerous solid tumors but never in hematologic malignancies. In this study, we report that GDF15 significantly increases survival of stroma-dependent multiple myeloma cells including primary multiple myeloma cells. In particular, GDF15 conferred resistance to melphalan, bortezomib, and to a lesser extent, lenalidomide in both stroma-dependent and stroma-independent multiple myeloma cells. Akt-dependent signaling was critical to mediate the effects of GDF15, whereas Src and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathways were not involved. Given these results, we tested the clinical significance of plasma concentrations of GDF15 (pGDF15) in 131 patients with multiple myeloma and found that it correlated with disease prognosis. Specifically, patients with high levels of pGDF15 had lower probabilities of event-free and overall survival 30 months after diagnosis than patients with low pGDF15 levels. Our findings suggest that tumor microenvironment-derived GDF15 is a key survival and chemoprotective factor for multiple myeloma cells, which is pathophysiologically linked to both initial parameters of the disease as well as patient survival.
Replicon Particle Administration Prior to Challenge Reduces PRRSV Viremia (2012)

Vaccination of swine with an alphavirus-derived replicon particle vaccine stimulates a non-specific immune response. This effect was seen when animals were challenged with PRRSV at 24 hours post-vaccination. Animals that received vaccine had reduced viremia as measured by quantitative RT-PCR when compared to placebo. These results highlight the potential of replicon particle vaccines to induce robust immune responses in swine.
Microvascular pressure is the principal driving force for interstitial hypertension in solid tumors: implications for vascular collapse. (1992)

The interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) has been found to be as high as 20 to 50 mm Hg in both experimental and human solid tumors. While the IFP is an important determinant of the delivery of therapeutic agents to neoplastic cells in vivo, the mechanisms responsible for interstitial hypertension are not completely understood. The high vascular permeability of tumor blood vessels and the absence of a functional lymphatic circulation suggest that the hydrostatic microvascular pressure (MVP) is the main force governing IFP in tumors. To test this hypothesis, we simultaneously measured IFP and MVP in 13 tissue-isolated R3230AC mammary adenocarcinomas transplanted in rats. The MVP in superficial postcapillary venules of diameters between 25 and 250 microns was measured with the micropuncture technique. MVP was compared to the IFP in the periphery (measured with micropuncture technique) and in the center (measured with wick-in-needle technique). Similar to our previous study, IFP rose rapidly and reached maximum values at a depth of 0.2 to 1.0 mm from the tumor surface. These maximum IFP values [16.5 +/- 7.1 mm Hg (SD)] were equal to IFP in the tumor center [18.4 +/- 9.3 mm Hg] [R2 = 0.86, P greater than 0.8]. Superficial MVP (17.3 +/- 6.1 mm Hg) was equal to both central (P greater than 0.9) and superficial IFP (P greater than 0.7). These results demonstrate that the main driving force for IFP in tumors is the MVP. Furthermore, the concept that blood vessel collapse is induced by higher hydrostatic pressures in the tumor interstitium compared to that in the vascular lumen is not supported by the present finding that elevated IFP is accompanied by equally elevated MVP.
Discovery of novel small molecule modulators of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (2015)

Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) is a Gram-positive seed-transmitted bacterial phytopathogen responsible for substantial economic losses by adversely affecting tomato production worldwide. A high-throughput, cell-based screen was adapted to identify novel small molecule growth inhibitors to serve as leads for future bactericide development. A library of 4,182 compounds known to be bioactive against Saccharomyces cerevisiae was selected for primary screening against Cmm wild-type strain C290 for whole-cell growth inhibition. Four hundred sixty-eight molecules (11.2% hit rate) were identified as bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic against Cmm at 200 μM. Seventy-seven candidates were selected based on Golden Triangle analyses for secondary screening. Secondary screens showed that several of these candidates were strain-selective. Several compounds were inhibitory to multiple Cmm strains as well as Bacillus subtilis, but not to Pseudomonas fluorescens, Mitsuaria sp., Lysobacter enzymogenes, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium animalis, or Escherichia coli. Most of the compounds were not phytotoxic and did not show overt host toxicity. Using a novel 96-well bioluminescent Cmm seedling infection assay, we assessed effects of selected compounds on pathogen infection. The 12 most potent novel molecules were identified by compiling the scores from all secondary screens combined with the reduction of pathogen infection in planta. When tested for ability to develop resistance to the top-12 compounds, no resistant Cmm were recovered, suggesting that the discovered compounds are unlikely to induce resistance. In conclusion, here we report top-12 compounds that provide chemical scaffolds for future Cmm-specific bactericide development.
Comparison of paclitaxel and docetaxel (Taxotere) in gynecologic and breast cancer cell lines with the ATP–cell viability assay (1994)

The in vitro effects of paclitaxel (Tx) and docetaxel (Taxotere, Txt) are compared in this study using the adenosine triphosphate cell viability assay (ATP-CVA) in 14 cancer cell lines. Eleven cell lines were sensitive and three were partially sensitive to paclitaxel. Nine cell lines were sensitive, three were partially sensitive and two were resistant to docetaxel. Mean IC50s were 3.7-660 ng/ml paclitaxel and 5.4-540 ng/ml docetaxel. In five sensitive cancer cell lines docetaxel was more active than paclitaxel, and in six sensitive cell lines paclitaxel was more active than docetaxel on a concentration basis. Two cell lines were sensitive to paclitaxel and resistant to docetaxel. In one cell line the two compounds had similar activities. In the ATP-CVA, paclitaxel and docetaxel are very active and are partially non-cross-resistant.
Safety and efficacy of glycerol phenylbutyrate for management of urea cycle disorders in patients aged 2 months to 2 years (2017)

GPB was safe and effective in UCD patients aged 2months to 2years. GPB use was associated with good short- and long-term control of ammonia and glutamine levels, and the annualized frequency of hyperammonemic crises was lower during the study than before the study. There was no evidence for any previously unknown toxicity of GPB.
Neutrophil attractant protein-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in human serum. Effects of intravenous lipopolysaccharide on free attractants, specific IgG autoantibodies and immune complexes. (1993)

We recently found that normal human sera contain IgG antibodies against two chemoattractants, neutrophil attractant protein-1 (NAP-1/IL-8) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), as well as immune complexes of these proteins. Intravenously administered LPS was reported to cause a sharp rise in serum NAP-1 concentration. Our study was designed to determine if LPS also caused an increase in MCP-1 and to measure associated changes in concentrations of antibody and immune complex. LPS caused a rise to peak within 2 to 3 h in serum concentrations of free NAP-1 and MCP-1, followed by an almost equally rapid fall toward base-line levels by about 5 h postinjection. MCP-1 concentration in sera from the 11 subjects rose to a peak of 330 +/- 52 pM. The peak value for NAP-1 was 80 +/- 11 pM. In 10 of the 11 subjects, free IgG autoantibody to MCP-1 decreased from a mean pre-LPS value of 1820 +/- 660 pM to a mean low of 53% of the respective initial values. Corresponding data for IgG anti-NAP-1 were a pre-LPS concentration of 216 +/- 7 pM, which decreased to a mean low of 44% of the respective initial values. The finding in some subjects of a rapid rise in free antibody after the nadir suggests the possibility of acute regulation of autoantibody secretion rates. Although the results suggested that LPS-induced chemoattractant combined with free antibody, serum concentrations of MCP-1-IgG or NAP-1-IgG did not increase, which points to an as yet unknown mechanism for trapping and elimination of the immune complexes.
Enzymatic and chemical modifications of lipopeptide antibiotic A21978C: The synthesis and evaluation of daptomycin (LY146032). (1988)

The novel lipopeptide antibiotic A21978C complex is active against Gram-positive organisms. This complex consists of a common peptide nucleus with various lipid acyl groups at the N-terminus characteristic of each individual factor. The fatty acid acyl group is removed by incubation of the A21978C complex with Actinoplanes utahensis to give the peptide nucleus. This peptide nucleus has the same amino acid sequence as A21978C. New analogs of A21978C were synthesized by acylation of the N-terminus of a tert-butoxycarbonyl (tert-BOC)-protected nucleus and subsequent deprotection. 1H NMR showed that the newly introduced acyl group was at the desired N-terminus. Three major groups of analogs were synthesized bearing fatty acid acyl, amino-aroyl and extended peptide side chains. Each analog was evaluated for antimicrobial activity and acute toxicity. Of these analogs, the n-decanoyl analog of A21978C (LY146032) gave the best survival in the mouse acute toxicity test at a high dose of 1,000 mg/kg, iv and was chosen for further study. This analog has been named daptomycin.
Increased Expression of IL-12 Receptor mRNA in Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Sarcoidosis (1999)

Cytokines have been implicated in the pathophysiology and development of pulmonary diseases such as tuberculosis and sarcoidosis. In particular, the numbers of cells expressing Th1-type cytokines such as IFN-gamma and IL-12 are increased within the lungs of patients with these granulomatous diseases. As a factor promoting the commitment of naive lymphocytes to a Th1-type profile of cytokine expression, IL-12 may be pivotal in the cascade of proinflammatory events within the airways. In this study, we examined the expression of the IL-12 receptor (IL-12R) mRNA in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (n = 6) and active pulmonary sarcoidosis (n = 6), and from allergic asthmatics (n = 6) and normal control subjects (n = 6). Bronchoscopy with BAL was undertaken, and cell cytospins were examined using the technique of in situ hybridization. There was a significant increase in the numbers of cells expressing mRNA for both beta(1) and beta(2) subunits of the IL-12R in active pulmonary sarcoidosis (p < 0.02, p < 0.01, respectively) and active pulmonary tuberculosis (p < 0.01, p < 0.005, respectively) compared with normal control subjects. In contrast, the allergic asthmatic patients exhibited a significant decrease in the number of IL-12R mRNA-positive cells (both beta(1) and beta(2) subunits (p < 0.01, p < 0.005, respectively), compared with the normal control subjects. These patients did, however, exhibit a significant increase in IL-4R mRNA, which was not evident in those with either tuberculosis or sarcoidosis when compared with normal subjects (p < 0.05). Colocalization studies demonstrated that CD8+ve cells are a principal site for the expression of IL-12R in tuberculosis. In sarcoidosis, IL-12R was expressed both on CD4+ve and CD8+ve cells. The increased expression of receptors for IL-12 in granulomatous diseases such as pulmonary tuberculosis and sarcoidosis provides evidence supporting the commitment of lymphocytes to a Th1-type cytokine profile in vivo.
The Principle of Double Effect in the Palliative Administration of Opioids (2007)

The titration of opioids to patients at the end-of-life is a common practice and in some cases may result in the patient’s death due to respiratory depression and hypotension (Day, 2005). As a result, some physicians and nurses are troubled that their good intentions of relieving a patient’s pain may also cause harm by hastening death (Cavanaugh, 1996). The
Regulation of patched by sonic hedgehog in the developing neural tube. (1996)

Ventral cell fates in the central nervous system are induced by Sonic hedgehog, a homolog of hedgehog, a secreted Drosophila protein. In the central nervous system, Sonic hedgehog has been identified as the signal inducing floor plate, motor neurons, and dopaminergic neurons. Sonic hedgehog is also involved in the induction of ventral cell type in the developing somites. ptc is a key gene in the Drosophila hedgehog signaling pathway where it is involved in transducing the hedgehog signal and is also a transcriptional target of the signal. PTC, a vertebrate homolog of this Drosophila gene, is genetically downstream of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) in the limb bud. We analyze PTC expression during chicken neural and somite development and find it expressed in all regions of these tissues known to be responsive to Sonic hedgehog signal. As in the limb bud, ectopic expression of Sonic hedgehog leads to ectopic induction of PTC in the neural tube and paraxial mesoderm. This conservation of regulation allows us to use PTC as a marker for Sonic hedgehog response. The pattern of PTC expression suggests that Sonic hedgehog may play an inductive role in more dorsal regions of the neural tube than have been previously demonstrated. Examination of the pattern of PTC expression also suggests that PTC may act in a negative feedback loop to attenuate hedgehog signaling.