gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dysregulation of cellular iron metabolism in Friedreich ataxia: from primary iron-sulfur cluster deficit to mitochondrial iron accumulation (2014)

Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is the most common recessive ataxia in the Caucasian population and is characterized by a mixed spinocerebellar and sensory ataxia frequently associating cardiomyopathy. The disease results from decreased expression of the FXN gene coding for the mitochondrial protein frataxin. Early histological and biochemical study of the pathophysiology in patient's samples revealed that dysregulation of iron metabolism is a key feature of the disease, mainly characterized by mitochondrial iron accumulation and by decreased activity of iron-sulfur cluster enzymes. In the recent past years, considerable progress in understanding the function of frataxin has been provided through cellular and biochemical approaches, pointing to the primary role of frataxin in iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis. However, why and how the impact of frataxin deficiency on this essential biosynthetic pathway leads to mitochondrial iron accumulation is still poorly understood. Herein, we review data on both the primary function of frataxin and the nature of the iron metabolism dysregulation in FRDA. To date, the pathophysiological implication of the mitochondrial iron overload in FRDA remains to be clarified.
Membrane-bound and soluble IL-15/IL-15Rα complexes display differential signaling and functions on human hematopoietic progenitors (2005)

Membrane-bound and soluble interleukin-15 (IL-15)/IL-15 receptor alpha (Ralpha) complexes trigger differential transcription factor activation and functions on human hematopoietic progenitors. Indeed, human spleen myofibroblasts (SMFs) are characterized by a novel mechanism of IL-15 trans-presentation (SMFmb [membrane-bound]-IL-15), based on the association of an endogenous IL-15/IL-15Ralpha complex with the IL-15Rbetagamma c chains. SMFmb-IL-15 (1) induces lineage-specific signaling pathways that differ from those controlled by soluble IL-15 in unprimed and committed normal progenitors; (2) triggers survival and proliferation of leukemic progenitors expressing low-affinity IL-15R (M07Sb cells); (3) causes only an antiapoptotic effect on leukemic cells expressing high-affinity receptors (TF1beta cells). This behavior is likely due to the IL-15Ralpha chain present on these cells that interact with the SMFmb-IL-15, inhibiting signal transducer and transcriptional activator 5 (STAT5) activation. On the other hand, the soluble IL-15/IL-15Ralpha complex (hyper IL-15) displays a dominant pattern of action, activating only those cells expressing low-affinity IL-15R (IL-15Rbetagamma c). Thus, hyper IL-15 induces antiapoptotic effects on M075b cells and the up-regulation of STAT6 activation on adult peripheral blood (PB) pre-natural killer (NK) committed progenitors. The latter effect using 100-fold concentrations of recombinant (r)-IL-15. In conclusion, SMFmb-IL-15 and soluble IL-15Ralpha/IL-15 complexes seem to play a pivotal role in the control of the survival, proliferation and differentiation of both normal and leukemic circulating progenitors, highlighting new functions of IL-15 and of IL-15Ralpha.
Identification and characterization of the Pasteurella multocida toxin translocation domain (2004)

Summary The Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) is a potent mitogen which enters the cytosol of eukaryotic cells via a low pH membrane translocation event. In common with the Escherichia coli cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1), the core of the PMT translocation domain is composed of two predicted hydrophobic helices (H1 – residues 402–423, H2 – 437–457) linked by a hydrophilic loop (PMT‐TL – 424–436). The peptide loop contains three acidic residues (D425, D431 and E434), which may play a role equivalent to D373, D379 and E382/383 in CNF1. To test this hypothesis, a series of point mutants was generated in which acidic residues were mutated into the permanently charged positive residue lysine. Individual mutation of D425, D431 and E434 each caused a four‐ to sixfold reduction in toxin activity. Interestingly, mutation of D401 located immediately outside the predicted helix–loop–helix motif completely abolished toxin activity. Individual mutations did not affect cell binding nor greatly altered toxin structure, but did prevent translocation of the surface‐bound proteins into the cytosol after a low pH pulse. Moreover, we demonstrate using an in vitro assay that PMT undergoes a pH‐dependent membrane insertion.
Cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression enhances lymphatic invasion and metastasis in human gastric carcinoma (1999)

Objective: Recent epidemiological studies indicate that there is reduced risk of all digestive carcinomas in patients who regularly take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin. Cyclooxygenase (COX) is a target enzyme for NSAIDs. We investigated the role of two isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2, in the development and metastasis of gastric carcinoma. Methods: Fifteen gastric carcinoma tissue specimens and accompanying adjacent mucosa specimens were obtained from surgical resections. COX-1 and COX-2 protein expression were evaluated using Western blotting analysis, and their relative band densities were semi quantified using standard densitometry scanning techniques. Results: Compared with paired noncancerous specimens, COX-2 was overexpressed in 10 of 15 carcinoma tissue specimens (66.7%). Overall, COX-2 levels in carcinoma tissue were significantly higher. Two early carcinomas (confined to the mucosa and submucosa) and three of 13 advanced carcinomas (extended below the submucosa into the muscular wall) had weak or similar COX-2 expression in paired tissue specimens. COX-2 overexpression in tumors significantly correlated with tumor invasion into the lymphatic vessels in the gastric wall and metastasis to the lymph nodes. Furthermore, the stage grouping in the TNM classification significantly correlated with COX-2 overexpression. In contrast, COX-2 overexpression did not correlate with histopathological grading, surface size, and venous vessel invasion of the tumors. COX-1 levels were similar between paired tissues. Conclusion: COX-2 overexpression might enhance lymphatic invasion and metastasis in patients with gastric carcinoma, implicating a poor prognosis. Therefore, the use of COX-2–specific inhibitor to suppress lymphatic metastasis in humans should be investigated.
Dopamine D2 receptor blocker thioridazine induces cell death in human uterine cervical carcinoma cell line SiHa (2015)

Higher DRD2 expression is closely associated with cervical cancer progression. After blocking DRD2, SiHa cell growth is significantly suppressed, indicating that DRD2 may function as a novel tumor marker and a potential therapeutic target for cervical cancer.
Aggressive subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma: complete remission with fludarabine, mitoxantrone and dexamethasone (2000)

Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SCPTCL) is a rare cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. The optimal treatment of this disease is undefined. A 36-year-old woman presented with swinging pyrexia, weight loss and disseminated SCPTCL involving her limbs and trunk. Typical histological features of panniculitic infiltration with rimming of fat cells and sparing of the dermis and epidermis were seen. Immunophenotyping confirmed a CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell phenotype. The patient was successfully treated with a combination of fludarabine, mitoxantrone and dexamethasone (FND), and has remained in remission 15 months after cessation of treatment. FND may be an effective regimen for aggressive SCPTCL.
A high-speed optical star network using TDMA and all-optical demultiplexing techniques (1996)

The authors demonstrate the use of time-division multiplexing (TDM) to realize a high capacity optical star network. The fundamental element of the demonstration network is a 10 ps, wavelength tunable, low jitter, pulse source. Electrical data is encoded onto three optical pulse trains, and the resultant low duty cycle optical data channels are multiplexed together using 25 ps fiber delay lines. This gives an overall network capacity of 40 Gb/s. A nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) is used to carry out the demultiplexing at the station receiver. The channel to be switched out can be selected by adjusting the phase of the electrical signal used to generate the control pulses for the NOLM. By using external injection into a gain-switched distributed feedback (DFB) laser we are able to obtain very low jitter control pulses of 4-ps duration (RMS jitter <1 ps) after compression of the highly chirped gain switched pulses in a normal dispersive fiber. This enables us to achieve excellent eye openings for the three demultiplexed channels. The difficulty in obtaining complete switching of the signal pulses is presented. This is shown to be due to the deformation of the control pulse in the NOLM (caused by the soliton effect compression). The use of optical time-division multiplexing (OTDM) with all-optical switching devices is shown to be an excellent method to allow us to exploit as efficiently as possible the available fiber bandwidth, and to achieve very high bit-rate optical networks.
Sulfur/Polythiophene with a Core/Shell Structure: Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of the Cathode for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries (2011)

Novel sulfur/polythiophene composites with core/shell structure composites were synthesized via an in situ chemical oxidative polymerization method with chloroform as a solvent, thiophene as a reagent, and iron chloride as an oxidant at 0 °C. Different ratios of the sulfur/polythiophene composites were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, and electrochemical methods. A suitable ratio for the composites was found to be 71.9% sulfur and 18.1% polythiophene as determined by CV and EIS results. Conductive polythiophene acts as a conducting additive and a porous adsorbing agent. It was uniformly coated onto the surface of the sulfur powder to form a core/shell structure, which effectively enhances the electrochemical performance and cycle life of the sulfur cells. The initial discharge capacity of the active material was 1119.3 mA h g−1, sulfur and the remaining capacity was 830.2 mA h g−1 sulfur after 80 cycles. After a rate test from 100 to 1600 mA g−1 sulfur, the cell remained at 811 mA h g−1 sulfur after 60 cycles when the current density returned to 100 mA g−1 sulfur. The sulfur utilization, the cycle life, and the rate performance of the S−PTh core/shell electrode in a lithium−sulfur battery improved significantly compared to that of the pure sulfur electrode. The pore and thickness of the shell affected the battery performance of the lithium ion diffusion channels.
Heparan Sulfate:  A Complex Polymer Charged with Biological Activity (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeparan Sulfate: A Complex Polymer Charged with Biological ActivityJohn M. Whitelock and Renato V. IozzoView Author Information Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia, and Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2005, 105, 7, 2745–2764Publication Date (Web):June 25, 2005Publication History Received4 March 2005Published online25 June 2005Published inissue 1 July 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr010213mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr010213mresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2005 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2871Altmetric-Citations327LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anions,Cells,Genetics,Heparin,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
" 여성의 의지 : 클라리사 이후의 재산과 독립 (1996)

자신이 소유하는 재산이 그 인간을 형성한다는 생각은 놀라울 만큼 오래되었으며 또한 존중되어 왔다. 역사적으로 볼 때 이는 성(性, gender) 때문에 차단되고 출생 신분에도 불구하고 전통뿐 아니라 법에 의해서도 재산 소유자가 될 수 없었던 여성들에게는 상당한 문제였다. 본 논문에서는 아무 것도 소유하지 못한 인간은 도대체 무엇인가?라는 질문을 제기하고자 한다. 물론 어떤 시대에든 상당한 부를 소유한 사람들 보다는 부를 소유하지 못한 사람들이 훨씬 많다. 그러나 본 논문에서 이러한 문제들의 탐구에 있어서는 그 범위를 여성의 주체성이라는 해결되지 않는 문제를 이어받고 있는 「클라리사」와 그 후의 소설들 속에 등장하는 여성이라는 온전하지 않은 개인에 관한 것에만 한정지으려 한다. 본 논문은 특히 대단한 인기를 얻었던 프란시스 버니의 「세실리아」(1782)와 앤 래드클리프의 소설 「유돌포의 비밀」(1794)의 여주인공들의 재산관계를 고찰하고 있다. 이 여주인공들은 재산을 박탈당했음에도 불구하고 무엇인가(somebody)가 되려 했던 인물들이다. 여성은 재산을 소유할 수 있는가? 여성이 온당하게 자신만의 것이라고 할 수 있는 것은 무엇인가? 여성은 무엇에 대해 권리를 가질 수 있는가? 마지막으로, 개인으로서의 여성의 독립을 보장할 수 있는 것은 무엇인가? 본 논문에서는 이 소설들에서 나타난 여성과 재산의 관계를 고찰하며 소위 개인이라 명명되는 이 현대적 형태의 주체성을 성취하는데 있어 여성들이 직면했던 극복할 수 없는 정치적 장애를 찾아내려 하고 있다. 자유는 말할 것도 없고 독립에 대한 법적 경제적 접근이 불가능하던 상황 아래의 소설에서는 그 해결책을 현실의 재산관계를 뛰어넘어서 정신적 영역에서 찾아보려고 했던 것이다.
Molecular cloning and characterization of the genetic determinants that express the complete Shigella serotype D (Shigella sonnei) lipopolysaccharide in heterologous live attenuated vaccine strains (1993)

The genetic determinants for the complete Shigella sonnei lipopolysaccharide (LPS) have been cloned, characterized by restriction mapping, and expressed in heterologous genetic backgrounds, including Salmonella typhi and Vibrio cholerae live attenuated vaccine strains. The rfb/rfc locus encoding the polymerized serotype-specific O polysaccharide was mapped within 23 kb of DNA isolated from S. sonnei virulence plasmid pWR105. A highly similar chromosomal DNA sequence was identified by Southern hybridization analysis in Plesiomonas shigelloides known to have the same O serotype specificity as S. sonnei. Expression studies of the rfb/rfc locus have shown that S. sonnei O polysaccharide is covalently bound to LPS cores of both the K-12 and R1 types, but neither to Salmonella (Ra-type) nor to V. cholerae O1 cores. In order to express a compatible core structure in the latter organisms, chromosomal rfa loci encoding R1-type LPS were isolated from both an Escherichia coli R1 strain (rfaR1) and from S. sonnei (rfasonnei). Restriction mapping and functional analysis of cloned DNA allowed us to localize the rfaR1 locus and to orient it with respect to the neighbouring cysE chromosomal marker. A high degree of sequence similarity was found at the DNA level between rfa loci of enterobacterial species characterized by R1-type LPS. Co-expression studies involving S. sonnei rfb/rfc and rfa loci propagated on compatible plasmids have shown that, at most, 13 to 14 kb of rfaR1 DNA are required for the expression of complete phase-I-like S. sonnei LPS in E. coli K-12 and S. typhi, whereas an adjacent region of about 3.5 kb is needed in the more stringent host, V. cholerae. S. sonnei O antigen expressed in a V. cholerae recombinant vaccine strain is present on the cell surface in a form suitable for the induction of a specific antibody response in vaccinated rabbits.
Polymeric Foams: An Overview (1997)

It is difficult to go through a whole day without coming in contact with something which does not contain a foamed plastic part somewhere within. The most common examples perhaps are the foamed polyurethane seat cushion of the sofa or chair or the car-seat that you sat on this morning, or the polystyrene foam cup in which you had your morning coffee or tea or some other hot drink! Or the foamed polystyrene take-out boxes or trays which are used extensively at restaurants and cafeterias everywhere. Since the first introduction of foamed rubber, phenol-formaldehyde and urea-formaldehyde resins in the early twentieth century, the foam industry has come of age, so to speak, in terms of the knowledge gained and the understanding of the fundamentals and principles governing this technology. So much so, that the science and technology of foaming of several specific polymers (for example, polyurethane, polystyrene, phenolics, polyvinyl
Adverse Reactions to Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis-Polio Vaccination at 18 Months of Age: Effect of Injection Site and Needle Length (1989)

Adverse reactions after diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio vaccination at 18 months of age were investigated in three groups: 74 children injected in the deltoid muscle with a 16-mm (5/8-in) needle, 64 in the anterolateral thigh with a 16-mm needle, and 67 in the anterolateral thigh with a 25-mm (1-in) needle. No significant differences in systemic reactions were observed. Severe pain occurred in 30.5% of the groups injected in the thigh compared with only 8.1% of the group injected in the arm (P less than .001). Children vaccinated in the thigh had decreased movement of the extremity significantly more often than those injected in the arm (49.9% v 25.6%, P less than .0005), and two thirds of the former limped for 24 to 48 hours. Redness and swelling were observed more often after injection in the arm than in the thigh (58.1% v 26.7%, P less than .0005). The only effect of changing needle length in the groups injected in the thigh was the occurrence of more redness and swelling in children vaccinated with the 16-mm needle compared with the 25-mm needle. Overall, parents rated more reactions as moderate to severe among children injected in the thigh than among children injected in the arm (64.2% v 37.9%, P less than .001). The deltoid muscle appears to be the preferred site for administration of diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio vaccine at 18 months of age.
Sequence Alignment of the G-Protein Coupled Receptor Superfamily (1992)

The multitude of G-protein coupled receptor (GPR) superfamily cDNAs recently isolated has exceeded the number of receptor subtypes anticipated by pharmacological studies. Analysis of the sequence similarities and unique features of the members of this family is valuable for designing strategies to isolate related cDNAs, for developing hypotheses concerning substrate-ligand and receptor-effector interactions, and for understanding the evolution of these genes. We have compiled and aligned the 74 unique amino acid sequences published to date and review the present understanding of the structural motifs contributing to ligand binding and G-protein coupling.
Both p16 Ink4a and the p19 Arf -p53 pathway constrain progression of pancreatic adenocarcinoma in the mouse (2006)

Activating KRAS mutations and p16(Ink4a) inactivation are near universal events in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In mouse models, Kras(G12D) initiates formation of premalignant pancreatic ductal lesions, and loss of either Ink4a/Arf (p16(Ink4a)/p19(Arf)) or p53 enables their malignant progression. As recent mouse modeling studies have suggested a less prominent role for p16(Ink4a) in constraining malignant progression, we sought to assess the pathological and genomic impact of inactivation of p16(Ink4a), p19(Arf), and/or p53 in the Kras(G12D) model. Rapidly progressive PDAC was observed in the setting of homozygous deletion of either p53 or p16(Ink4a), the latter with intact germ-line p53 and p19(Arf) sequences. Additionally, Kras(G12D) in the context of heterozygosity either for p53 plus p16(Ink4a) or for p16(Ink4a)/p19(Arf) produced PDAC with longer latency and greater propensity for distant metastases relative to mice with homozygous deletion of p53 or p16(Ink4a)/p19(Arf). Tumors from the double-heterozygous cohorts showed frequent p16(Ink4a) inactivation and loss of either p53 or p19(Arf). Different genotypes were associated with specific histopathologic characteristics, most notably a trend toward less differentiated features in the homozygous p16(Ink4a)/p19(Arf) mutant model. High-resolution genomic analysis revealed that the tumor suppressor genotype influenced the specific genomic patterns of these tumors and showed overlap in regional chromosomal alterations between murine and human PDAC. Collectively, our results establish that disruptions of p16(Ink4a) and the p19(ARF)-p53 circuit play critical and cooperative roles in PDAC progression, with specific tumor suppressor genotypes provocatively influencing the tumor biological phenotypes and genomic profiles of the resultant tumors.
Cloning and characterization of MST, a novel (putative) serine/threonine kinase with SH3 domain. (1995)

Protein kinases play a key role in cell growth regulation. We have isolated a cDNA fragment of the MST gene from the MKN28 gastric cancer cell line cDNA pool by degenerate polymerase chain reaction. MST-cDNAs were cloned from the human brain cDNA library. Nucleotide sequence analysis indicated that the MST gene encodes a novel putative non-receptor type of serine/threonine kinase with Src homology 3 (SH3) domain, two leucine zipper domains and proline rich domain. The deduced amino acid sequence corresponding to a part of kinase domain and leucine zipper domains of MST (amino acid codons 244-461) is almost identical to the published partial amino acid sequence of MLK2. MST is the first non-receptor type of serine/threonine kinase containing SH3 domain, leucine zipper domain and proline rich domain other than PTK1/Sprk. The MST gene was moderately expressed in brain, skeletal muscle and testis as a 3.8 kb mRNA, and the MST gene has been mapped to human chromosome 19q13.1-q13.2.
A survey of bed-bug resistance to insecticides in Israel. (1959)

Fourteen strains of bed-bugs collected from various places in Israel and one normally susceptible strain from the laboratories of J. R. Geigy S.A., Basle, Switzerland, were tested for their resistance to DDT and gamma-BHC. A very high degree of resistance to DDT was found in most of the strains, indicating that DDT-resistance is very widespread in Israel. A moderate to low resistance to gamma-BHC was observed in several strains.
Systemic inflammation in glucocerebrosidase-deficient mice with minimal glucosylceramide storage (2002)

Gaucher disease, the most common lysosomal storage disease, is caused by a deficiency of glucocerebrosidase resulting in the impairment of glucosylceramide degradation.The hallmark of the disease is the presence of the Gaucher cell, a macrophage containing much of the stored glucosylceramide found in tissues, which is believed to cause many of the clinical manifestations of the disease.We have developed adult mice carrying the Gaucher disease L444P point mutation in the glucocerebrosidase (Gba) gene and exhibiting a partial enzyme deficiency.The mutant mice demonstrate multisystem inflammation, including evidence of B cell hyperproliferation, an aspect of the disease found in some patients.However, the mutant mice do not accumulate large amounts of glucosylceramide or exhibit classic Gaucher cells in tissues.