gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 3-D Immersive Synthesizer for Environmental Sounds (2009)

Nowadays, interactive 3-D environments tend to include both synthesis and spatialization processes to increase the realism of virtual scenes. In typical systems, audio generation is created in two stages: first, a monophonic sound is synthesized (generation of the intrinsic timbre properties) and then it is spatialized (positioned in its environment). In this paper, we present the design of a 3-D immersive synthesizer dedicated to environmental sounds, and intended to be used in the framework of interactive virtual reality applications. The system is based on a physical categorization of environmental sounds (vibrating solids, liquids, aerodynamics). The synthesis engine has a novel architecture combining an additive synthesis model and 3-D audio modules at the prime level of sound generation. An original approach exploiting the synthesis capabilities for simulating the spatial extension of sound sources is also presented. The subjective results, evaluated with a formal listening test, are discussed. Finally, new control strategies based on a global manipulation of timbre and spatial attributes of sound sources are introduced.
Plastic cell architecture: towards reconfigurable computing for general-purpose (2002)

We propose a new architectural reference based on programmable logic devices that we call Plastic Cell Architecture (PCA). PCA is a reference for implementing a mechanism of a fully autonomous reconfigurability, which is also introduced in this paper. This reconfigurability is a further step toward general-purpose reconfigurable computing, introducing variable- and programmable-grain parallelism to wired logic computing. The PGA architecture is a fusion of an SRAM-based FPGA and cellular automata, where the cellular automata are dedicated to support the run time activities of the circuits configured on the architecture. PCA computing follows the object-oriented paradigm, in that the circuits are regarded as objects. These objects can be described in a hardware description language that features the semantics of dynamic module instantiation. Following the discussions on our research direction, this paper mainly focuses on the mechanism of autonomous reconfigurability and the PCA architecture.
The Influence of Race on the Fibrinolytic Activity-A Preliminary Study (1993)

Blood glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) and venous occlusion test (VOT) were determined in 4 Americans (mean age 25.3 years, SD 6.4) and 7 Chinese healthy subjects (mean age 24.6 years, SD 0.5). Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) and euglobulin lysis time (ELT) were determined before and after VOT. The means of all the parameters were not significantly different between the Americans and the Chinese. tPA increased after VOT in the Chinese but not the Americans. Although the increase of tPA after venous-occlusion-stimulation was not good in the Americans, the amplitudes of tPA, PAI and ELT did not change significantly after VOT between the Americans and the Chinese. From the study, it is suggested that the impaired fibrinolytic activity under stress conditions in Americans may be one of the causes for the higher prevalence rate of TED in comparison with Chinese.
Mechanism of Nerve Conduction Block Induced by High-Frequency Biphasic Electrical Currents (2006)

The mechanisms of nerve conduction block induced by high-frequency biphasic electrical currents were investigated using a lumped circuit model of the myelinated axon based on Frankenhaeuser-Huxley (FH) model or Chiu-Ritchie-Rogart-Stagg-Sweeney (CRRSS) model. The FH model revealed that the constant activation of potassium channels at the node under the block electrode, rather than inactivation of sodium channels, is the likely mechanism underlying conduction block of myelinated axons induced by high-frequency biphasic stimulation. However, the CRRSS model revealed a different blocking mechanism where the complete inactivation of sodium channels at the nodes next to the block electrode caused the nerve conduction block. The stimulation frequencies to observe conduction block in FH model agree with the observations from animal experiments (greater than 6 kHz), but much higher frequencies are required in CRRSS model (greater than 15 kHz). This frequency difference indicated that the constant activation of potassium channels might be the underlying mechanism of conduction block observed in animal experiments. Using the FH model, this study also showed that the axons could recover from conduction block within 1 ms after termination of the blocking stimulation, which also agrees very well with the animal experiments where nerve block could be reversed immediately once the blocking stimulation was removed. This simulation study, which revealed two possible mechanisms of nerve conduction block in myelinated axons induced by high-frequency biphasic stimulation, can guide future animal experiments as well as optimize stimulation waveforms for electrical nerve block in clinical applications.
Introduction of Stable High-Copy-Number DNA into Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells by Electroporation (1990)

A new gene transfer protocol has been developed that introduces up to 800 copies of an expression vector into Chinese hamster ovary cells in a single step by electroporation. The DNA typically integrates in tandem repeats so that the restriction endonuclease site used to linearize the input DNA remains intact. This is likely due to ligation of vector DNA via cohesive ends prior to integration. This high-copy-number procedure is far more rapid than the conventional stepwise gene amplification method used to generate stable eukaryotic protein production cell lines. By employing the expression vector pJODtPA, in which the selectable marker dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and the human tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) casettes are separated by a spacer and an RNA polymerase II terminator, cell lines secreting as much as 24 pg/cell.day tPA were isolated following electroporation and a single methotrexate selection. Gene copies and expression levels are stable over long periods of growth. A single round of gene amplification was performed following the high-copy-number procedure to yield a clone having a tPA production level of 45 pg/cell.day.
Increases in CD4 T Lymphocytes with Intermittent Courses of Interleukin-2 in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection — A Preliminary Study (1995)

Intermittent courses of interleukin-2 can improve some of the immunologic abnormalities associated with HIV infection in patients with more than 200 CD4 cells per cubic millimeter.
Determination of the Critical Concentration of Neutrophils Required to Block Bacterial Growth in Tissues (2004)

We showed previously that the competition between bacterial killing by neutrophils and bacterial growth in stirred serum-containing suspensions could be modeled as the competition between a first-order reaction (bacterial growth) and a second-order reaction (bacterial killing by neutrophils). The model provided a useful parameter, the critical neutrophil concentration (CNC), below which bacterial concentration increased and above which it decreased, independent of the initial bacterial concentration. We report here that this model applies to neutrophil killing of bacteria in three-dimensional fibrin matrices and in rabbit dermis. We measured killing of 10(3)-10(8) colony forming units/ml Staphylococcus epidermidis by 10(5)-10(8) human neutrophils/ml in fibrin gels. The CNC was approximately 4 x 10(6) neutrophils/ml gel in the presence of normal serum and approximately 1.6 x 10(7) neutrophils/ml gel in the presence of C5-deficient serum. Application of our model to published data of others on killing of approximately 5 x 10(7) to 2 x 10(8) E. coli/ml rabbit dermis yielded CNCs from approximately 4 x 10(6) to approximately 8 x 10(6) neutrophils/ml dermis. Thus, in disparate tissues and tissuelike environments, our model fits the kinetics of bacterial killing and gives similar lower limits (CNCs) to the neutrophil concentration required to control bacterial growth.
Fusion of phospholipid vesicles with planar phospholipid bilayer membranes. II. Incorporation of a vesicular membrane marker into the planar membrane. (1980)

Fusion of multilamellar phospholipid vesicles with planar phospholipid bilayer membranes was monitored by the rate of appearance in the planar membrane of an intrinsic membrane protein present in the vesicle membranes. An essential requirement for fusion is an osmotic gradient across the planar membrane, with the cis side (the side containing the vesicles) hyperosmotic to the opposite (trans) side; for substantial fusion rates, divalent cation must also be present on the cis side. Thus, the low fusion rates obtained with 100 mM excess glucose in the cis compartment are enhanced orders of magnitude by the addition of 5-10 mM CaCl2 to the cis compartment. Conversely, the rapid fusion rates induced by 40 mM CaCl2 in the cis compartment are completely suppressed when the osmotic gradient (created by the 40 mM CaCl2) is abolished by addition of an equivalent amount of either CaCl2, NaCl, urea, or glucose to the trans compartment. We propose that fusion occurs by the osmotic swelling of vesicles in contact with the planar membrane, with subsequent rupture of the vesicular and planar membranes in the region of contact. Divalent cations catalyze this process by increasing the frequency and duration of vesicle-planar membrane contact. We argue that essentially this same osmotic mechanism drives biological fusion processes, such as exocytosis. Our fusion procedure provides a general method for incorporating and reconstituting transport proteins into planar phospholipid bilayer membranes.
Image stabilization for scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (2002)

A scanning laser ophthalmoscope with an integrated retinal tracker (TSLO) was designed, constructed, and tested in human subjects without mydriasis. The TSLO collected infrared images at a wavelength of780 nm while compensating for all transverse eye movements. An active, high-speed, hardware-based tracker was able to lock onto many common features in the fundus, including the optic nerve head, blood vessel junctions, hypopigmentation, and the foveal pit. The TSLO has a system bandwidth of ~1 kHz and robustly tracked rapid and large saccades of approximately 500 deg/sec with an accuracy of 0.05 deg. Image stabilization with retinal tracking greatly improves the clinical potential of the scanning laser ophthalmoscope for imaging where fixation is difficult or impossible and for diagnostic applications that require long duration exposures to collect meaningful information.
Breeding and Utilization of New Restorer Line Yihui 3551 in Rice (2003)

The new restorer line Yihui 3551 was developed by crossing the female parent CDR22/81136 (Sujing 4/Roma∥IR661) to the male parent indica restorer line Minghui 78. It has good plant type, wide restoring spectrum and strong restoring ability, good combining ability, good flowering habit, high yield of seed production. The yield of Gangyou 3551 was the highest (8.63 and 8.75 t/hm2, which were 8.36% and 8.72% higher than that of the check Shanyou 63 in 1999 and 2000, respectively.) in the provincial regional trials in Sichuan. And its yield was also the highest (8.63 t/hm2, 5% higher than Shanyou 63) in the regional trial of South China in 2000. Gangyou 3551 is the first hybrid whose yield was over 8% higher than that of Shanyou 63 in the provincial regional trials in Sichuan for two consecutive years. It was registered and released in Sichuan in 2001.
A topology modifying progressive decimation algorithm (1997)

Triangle decimation techniques reduce the number of triangles in a mesh, typically to improve interactive rendering performance or reduce data storage and transmission requirements. Most of these algorithms are designed to preserve the original topology of the mesh. Unfortunately, this characteristic is a strong limiting factor in overall reduction capability, since objects with a large number of holes or other topological constraints cannot be effectively reduced. The author presents an algorithm that yields a guaranteed reduction level, modifying topology as necessary to achieve the desired result. In addition, the algorithm is based on a fast local decimation technique, and its operations can be encoded for progressive storage, transmission, and reconstruction. He describes the new progressive decimation algorithm, introduces mesh splitting operations and shows how they can be encoded as a progressive mesh. He also demonstrates the utility of the algorithm on models ranging in size from 1,132 to 1.68 million triangles and reduction ratios of up to 200:1.
A comprehensive layout methodology and layout-specific circuit analyses for three-dimensional integrated circuits (2003)

In this paper, we describe a comprehensive layout methodology for bonded three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs). In bonded 3D integration technology, parts of a circuit are fabricated on different wafers, and then, the wafers are bonded with a glue layer of Cu or polymer based adhesive. Using our layout methodology, designers can layout such 3D circuits with necessary information on inter-wafer via/contact and orientation of each wafer embedded in the layout. We have implemented the layout methodology in 3DMagic. Availability of 3DMagic has led to interesting research with a wide range of layout-specific circuit analyses, from performance comparison of 2D and 3D circuits to layout-specific reliability analyses in 3D circuits. Using 3DMagic, researchers have designed and simulated an 8-bit encryption processor mapped into 2D and 3D FPGA layouts. Moreover, the layout methodology is an essential element of our ongoing research for the framework of a novel reliability computer aided design tool, ERNI-3D.
Myocyte loss and left ventricular failure characterise the long term effects of coronary artery narrowing or renal hypertension in rats (1993)

Decompensated eccentric ventricular hypertrophy developed as a result of coronary artery narrowing, renal hypertension, or the two in combination. Coronary artery narrowing, however, may have a greater maladaptive effect on ventricular function than systemic hypertension, and coronary stenosis and hypertension combined because of the more extensive chamber and wall remodelling which sustained greater increases in diastolic wall stress.
Genones: generalized mixture tying in continuous hidden Markov model-based speech recognizers (1996)

An algorithm is proposed that achieves a good tradeoff between modeling resolution and robustness by using a new, general scheme for tying of mixture components in continuous mixture-density hidden Markov model (HMM)-based speech recognizers. The sets of HMM states that share the same mixture components are determined automatically using agglomerative clustering techniques. Experimental results on ARPA's Wall Street Journal corpus show that this scheme reduces errors by 25% over typical tied-mixture systems. New fast algorithms for computing Gaussian likelihoods-the-most time-consuming aspect of continuous-density HMM systems-are also presented. These new algorithms-significantly reduce the number of Gaussian densities that are evaluated with little or no impact on speech recognition accuracy.
Patterns of expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptors in mice suggest a role in hormonally regulated angiogenesis. (1993)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a secreted endothelial cell-specific mitogen. To evaluate whether VEGF may play a role in angiogenesis, we have determined the spatial and temporal patterns of expression of VEGF and VEGF receptors during natural angiogenic processes taking place within the female reproductive system. Four angiogenic processes were analyzed: neovascularization of ovarian follicles, neovascularization of the corpus luteum, repair of endometrial vessels, and angiogenesis in embryonic implantation sites. During all processes, VEGF mRNA was found to be expressed in cells surrounding the expanding vasculature. VEGF was predominantly produced in tissues that acquire new capillary networks (theca layers, lutein cells, endometrial stroma, and the maternal decidua, respectively). VEGF-binding activity, on the other hand, was found on endothelial cells of both quiescent and proliferating blood vessels. These findings are consistent with a role for VEGF in the targeting of angiogenic responses to specific areas. Using in situ hybridization, we show that VEGF is expressed in 10 different steroidogenic and/or steroid-responsive cell types (theca, cumulus, granulosa, lutein, oviductal epithelium, endometrial stroma, decidua, giant trophoblast cells, adrenal cortex, and Leydig cells). Furthermore, in some cells upregulation of VEGF expression is concurrent with the acquisition of steroidogenic activity, and expression in other cell types is restricted to a particular stage of the ovarian cycle. These findings suggest that expression of VEGF is hormonally regulated. We propose that excessive expression of VEGF during gonadotropin-induced ovulation may contribute to the development of ovarian hyperstimulation syndromes by virtue of the vascular permeabilization activity of this factor.
Semantic Encoding of Electronic Documents (2001)

This paper presents an unsupervised, all-words, word sense disambiguation system for English. The system associates a word with its meaning in a given context using an electronic dictionary as a tagged corpora in order to extract semantic disambiguation rules. The methodology attempts to avoid the data acquisition bottleneck observed in word sense disambiguation techniques. Semantic rules are used as input of a semantic application program encoding a linguistic strategy in order to select the best rule to apply. The semantic rule extraction process as well as the application program is described. The methodology is developed in a client/server architecture, which enables the treatment of large corpora. The evaluation of the system is then detailed and some possible extensions and perspectives are finally proposed.
Building a massively multiplayer game for the million (2003)

This paper presents an overview of the lessons learned building Disney's Toontown Online, a 3D massively multiplayer online game (MMP) for children ages seven and older. The paper is divided into three main parts. The first presents design highlights of Toontown Online and focuses on the challenge of building an MMP for kids. In particular, we discuss ways of incorporating kid-friendly socialization into an MMP. The second part of the paper presents an overview of Panda-3D, the VR Studio's open source 3D graphics engine. We focus on the aspects of Panda-3D that helped to facilitate the development of Toontown. In particular, Panda's expressive, platform-agnostic scene graph architecture, and flexible scripting language tools for distributed storytelling. We finish with an overview of Toontown's server architecture and present our nothing-but-net strategy for downloading a full-featured 3D online game.
A Novel Strategy for the Solid-Phase Synthesis of Substituted Indolines (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA Novel Strategy for the Solid-Phase Synthesis of Substituted IndolinesK. C. Nicolaou, A. J. Roecker, Jeffrey A. Pfefferkorn, and Gou-Qiang CaoView Author Information Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla, California 92037 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 12, 2966–2967Publication Date (Web):March 14, 2000Publication History Received15 December 1999Published online14 March 2000Published inissue 1 March 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja994373fhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja994373frapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1349Altmetric-Citations92LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Crystal cleavage,Cyclization,Organic polymers,Solid phase synthesis Get e-Alerts
Insights into the Synthesis and Properties of Deep Eutectic Solvents Based on Cholinium Chloride and Carboxylic Acids (2014)

Recently, many studies concerning the environmental impact of ionic liquids (ILs) have shown that despite their unique properties and clear advantages in an ever wide range of applications and processes, ILs are not intrinsically green. In a search for biodegradable and low toxicity, a new type of ILs has been developed, the deep eutectic solvents (DESs). In this context, the aim of this work is to provide accurate densities, viscosities, and refractive indices for DESs prepared using cholinium chloride as the hydrogen bond acceptor and several carboxylic acids (levulinic, glutaric, malonic, oxalic, and glycolic) as the hydrogen bond donors. The impact of two different synthetic methodologies, heating and grinding, in the thermophysical properties of the prepared DESs was assessed. The obtained DESs were analyzed using NMR spectroscopy, FTIR, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in order to check their structures and purities. Thermophysical properties, densities, viscosities, and refractive indices were rationalized in terms of the chemical structure of the prepared DESs. The effect of the presence of water in the thermophysical properties of the compounds was also evaluated. Finally, comparisons between the DESs and the corresponding ILs are presented.