gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Technical validation of an autoantibody test for lung cancer (2010)

A calibrated six-panel assay of TAAs has been validated for identifying nearly 40% of primary lung cancers via a peripheral blood test. Levels of reproducibility, precision and linearity would be acceptable for an assay used in a regulated clinical setting.
Deletions spanning the neurofibromatosis 1 gene: identification and phenotype of five patients. (1994)

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by marked variation in clinical severity. To investigate the contribution to variability by genes either contiguous to or contained within the NF1 gene, we screened six NF1 patients with mild facial dysmorphology, mental retardation, and/or learning disabilities, for DNA rearrangement of the NF1 region. Five of the six patients had NF1 gene deletions on the basis of quantitative densitometry, locus hemizygosity, and analysis of somatic cell hybrid lines. Analyses of hybrid lines carrying each of the patient's chromosomes 17, with 15 regional DNA markers, demonstrated that each of the five patients carried a deletion > 700 kb in size. Minimally, each of the deletions involved the entire 350-kb NF1 gene; the three genes--EVI2A, EVI2B, and OMG--that are contained within an NF1 intron; and considerable flanking DNA. For four of the patients, the deletions mapped to the same interval; the deletion in the fifth patient was larger, extending farther in both directions. The remaining NF1 allele presumably produced functional neurofibromin; no gene rearrangements were detected, and RNA-PCR demonstrated that it was transcribed. These data provide compelling evidence that the NF1 disorder results from haploid insufficiency of neurofibromin. Of the three documented de novo deletion cases, two involved the paternal NF1 allele and one the maternal allele. The parental origin of the single remaining expressed NF1 allele had no dramatic effect on patient phenotype. The deletion patients exhibited a variable number of physical anomalies that were not correlated with the extent of their deletion. All five patients with deletions were remarkable for exhibiting a large number of neurofibromas for their age, suggesting that deletion of an unknown gene in the NF1 region may affect tumor initiation or development.
Monitoring recombinant human interferon-gamma N-glycosylation during perfused fluidized-bed and stirred-tank batch culture of CHO cells (1998)

Chinese hamster ovary cells producing recombinant human interferon-gamma were cultivated for 500 h attached to macroporous microcarriers in a perfused, fluidized-bed bioreactor, reaching a maximum cell density in excess of 3 x 10(7) cells (mL microcarrier)-1 at a specific growth rate (mu) of 0.010 h-1. During establishment of the culture, the N-glycosylation of secreted recombinant IFN-gamma was monitored by capillary electrophoresis of intact IFN-gamma proteins and by HPLC analysis of released N-glycans. Rapid analysis of IFN-gamma by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography resolved the three glycosylation site occupancy variants of recombinant IFN-gamma (two Asn sites occupied, one Asn site occupied and nonglycosylated) in under 10 min per sample; the relative proportions of these variants remained constant during culture. Analysis of IFN-gamma by capillary isoelectric focusing resolved at least 11 differently sialylated glycoforms over a pI range of 3.4 to 6.4, enabling rapid quantitation of this important source of microheterogeneity. During perfusion culture the relative proportion of acidic IFN-gamma proteins increased after 210 h of culture, indicative of an increase in N-glycan sialylation. This was confirmed by cation-exchange HPLC analysis of released, fluorophore-labeled N-glycans, which showed an increase in the proportion of tri- and tetrasialylated N-glycans associated with IFN-gamma during culture, with a concomitant decrease in the proportion of monosialylated and neutral N-glycans. Comparative analyses of IFN-gamma produced by CHO cells in stirred-tank culture showed that N-glycan sialylation was stable until late in culture, when a decline in sialylation coincided with the onset of cell death and lysis. This study demonstrates that different modes of capillary electrophoresis can be employed to rapidly and quantitatively monitor the main sources of glycoprotein variation, and that the culture system and operation may influence the glycosylation of a recombinant glycoprotein.
Cytokine-Induced Mobilization of Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells Enhances Repair of Injured Arteries (2004)

We postulate that cytokine-induced mobilization of CEPCs may be a suitable therapeutic strategy for prevention of restenosis after revascularization procedures.
Cloning of cDNAs of the MLL gene that detect DNA rearrangements and altered RNA transcripts in human leukemic cells with 11q23 translocations. (1992)

Recurring chromosomal abnormalities involving translocations at chromosome 11 band q23 are associated with human myeloid and lymphoid leukemia as well as lymphoma. We have identified the gene located at this break-point and have named it MLL (for myeloid-lymphoid, or mixed-lineage, leukemia). The t(4;11), t(6;11), t(9;11), and t(11;19) are among the most common reciprocal translocations in leukemia cells involving this chromosomal band. We now have evidence that the breakpoints in all of these translocations are clustered within a 9-kilobase (kb) BamHI genomic region of the MLL gene. By Southern blot hybridization using a 0.7-kb BamHI cDNA fragment of the MLL gene called MLL 0.7B, we have detected rearrangements of DNA from cell lines and patient material with an 11q23 translocation in this region. Northern blot analyses indicate that this gene has multiple transcripts, some of which appear to be lineage-specific. In normal pre-B cells, four transcripts of 12.5, 12.0, 11.5, and 2.0 kb are detected. These transcripts are also present in monocytoid cell lines with additional hybridization to a 5.0-kb transcript, indicating that expression of different-sized MLL transcripts may be associated with normal hematopoietic lineage development. In a cell line with a t(4;11), the expression of the 12.5-, 12.0-, and 11.5-kb transcripts is reduced, and there is evidence of three other altered transcripts of 11.5, 11.25, and 11.0 kb. Thus, these 11q23 translocations result in rearrangements of the MLL gene and may lead to altered function(s) of MLL and of other gene(s) involved in the translocation.
Which computer language? (1993)

Any discussion of languages suitable to be taught in school mathematics classes must first attempt to answer the question as to whether computer programming ought to form any part of the mathematics curriculum. The answer is by no means obvious, especially when the view has been expressed by the editor of this journal that “all programming languages (though particularly BASIC) are inimical to mathematical thinking at a higher level ”.
Mechanism-Based Tumor-Targeting Drug Delivery System. Validation of Efficient Vitamin Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis and Drug Release (2010)

An efficient mechanism-based tumor-targeting drug delivery system, based on tumor-specific vitamin-receptor mediated endocytosis, has been developed. The tumor-targeting drug delivery system is a conjugate of a tumor-targeting molecule (biotin: vitamin H or vitamin B-7), a mechanism-based self-immolative linker and a second-generation taxoid (SB-T-1214) as the cytotoxic agent. This conjugate (1) is designed to be (i) specific to the vitamin receptors overexpressed on tumor cell surface and (ii) internalized efficiently through receptor-mediated endocytosis, followed by smooth drug release via glutathione-triggered self-immolation of the linker. In order to monitor and validate the sequence of events hypothesized, i.e., receptor-mediated endocytosis of the conjugate, drug release, and drug-binding to the target protein (microtubules), three fluorescent/fluorogenic molecular probes (2, 3, and 4) were designed and synthesized. The actual occurrence of these processes was unambiguously confirmed by means of confocal fluorescence microscopy (CFM) and flow cytometry using L1210FR leukemia cells, overexpressing biotin receptors. The molecular probe 4, bearing the taxoid linked to fluorescein, was also used to examine the cell specificity (i.e., efficacy of receptor-based cell targeting) for three cell lines, L1210FR (biotin receptors overexpressed), L1210 (biotin receptors not overexpressed), and WI38 (normal human lung fibroblast, biotin receptor negative). As anticipated, the molecular probe 4 exhibited high specificity only to L1210FR. To confirm the direct correlation between the cell-specific drug delivery and anticancer activity of the probe 4, its cytotoxicity against these three cell lines was also examined. The results clearly showed a good correlation between the two methods. In the same manner, excellent cell-specific cytotoxicity of the conjugate 1 (without fluorescein attachment to the taxoid) against the same three cell lines was confirmed. This mechanism-based tumor-targeting drug delivery system will find a range of applications.
Extravascular FIX and coagulation (2016)

This review summarizes the evidence that collagen IV binding is physiologically important, and that the extravascular compartment of FIX is composed of type IV collagen. As we have previously demonstrated, 7 days post-infusion, FIX<sub>WT</sub> (BeneFIX) is able to control bleeding as well as the same dosage of Alprolix in hemophilia B mice, tested using the saphenous vein bleeding model (Alprolix is a chimeric FIX molecule joined at its C terminus to a Fc domain). Furthermore, we have shown that in hemophilia B mice, doses of BeneFIX or Alprolix (up to a dose of 150 IU/kg) have increased bleeding-control effectiveness in proportion to the dose up to a certain limit: higher doses are no more effective than the 150 IU/kg dose. These studies suggest that in hemophilia B mice, tested using the saphenous vein bleeding model, three things are true: first, extravascular FIX is at least as important for coagulation as is circulating FIX; second, measuring circulating levels of FIX may not be the best criterion for designing new "longer lasting" FIX molecules; and third, trough levels are less diagnostic for FIX therapy than they are for FVIII therapy.
Role of Factor VIII C2 Domain in Factor VIII Binding to Factor Xa (1999)

Factor VIII (FVIII) is activated by proteolytic cleavages with thrombin and factor Xa (FXa) in the intrinsic blood coagulation pathway. The anti-C2 monoclonal antibody ESH8, which recognizes residues 2248-2285 and does not inhibit FVIII binding to von Willebrand factor or phospholipid, inhibited FVIII activation by FXa in a clotting assay. Furthermore, analysis by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that ESH8 inhibited FXa cleavage in the presence or absence of phospholipid. The light chain (LCh) fragments (both 80 and 72 kDa) and the recombinant C2 domain dose-dependently bound to immobilized anhydro-FXa, a catalytically inactive derivative of FXa in which dehydroalanine replaces the active-site serine. The affinity (K(d)) values for the 80- and 72-kDa LCh fragments and the C2 domain were 55, 51, and 560 nM, respectively. The heavy chain of FVIII did not bind to anhydro-FXa. Similarly, competitive assays using overlapping synthetic peptides corresponding to ESH8 epitopes (residues 2248-2285) demonstrated that a peptide designated EP-2 (residues 2253-2270; TSMYVKEFLISSSQDGHQ) inhibited the binding of the C2 domain or the 72-kDa LCh to anhydro-FXa by more than 95 and 84%, respectively. Our results provide the first evidence for a direct role of the C2 domain in the association between FVIII and FXa.
AN ANALYSIS OF MULTILAYERED THIN-FILM MAGNETIC FIELD GRADIOMETERS HAVING A SUPERCONDUCTING SPACER (1989)

Using a finite element method we have analyzed a multilayered thin-film recording head structure having a thin-film superconducting spacer. We have used this method to obtain simulated output responses of the head to an ideally recorded medium. The results of the analysis for a specific geometry show that the superconducting spacer improves the efficiency of such heads by about 50%. Also, significant improvements are obtained by not completely filling the gap region and by making the superconducting film shorter than the head elements. Gap erosion was found to degrade the performance of these devices severely.
CLAP, a Novel Caspase Recruitment Domain-containing Protein in the Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Pathway, Regulates NF-κB Activation and Apoptosis (1999)

Molecules that regulate NF-kappaB activation play critical roles in apoptosis and inflammation. We describe the cloning of the cellular homolog of the equine herpesvirus-2 protein E10 and show that both proteins regulate apoptosis and NF-kappaB activation. These proteins were found to contain N-terminal caspase-recruitment domains (CARDs) and novel C-terminal domains (CTDs) and were therefore named CLAPs (CARD-like apoptotic proteins). The cellular and viral CLAPs induce apoptosis downstream of caspase-8 by activating the Apaf-1-caspase-9 pathway and activate NF-kappaB by acting upstream of the NF-kappaB-inducing kinase, NIK, and the IkB kinase, IKKalpha. Deletion of either the CARD or the CTD domain inhibits both activities. The CARD domain was found to be important for homo- and heterodimerization of CLAPs. Substitution of the CARD domain with an inducible FKBP12 oligomerization domain produced a molecule that can induce NF-kappaB activation, suggesting that the CARD domain functions as an oligomerization domain, whereas the CTD domain functions as the effector domain in the NF-kappaB activation pathway. Expression of the CARD domain of human CLAP abrogates tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation, suggesting that cellular CLAP plays an essential role in this pathway of NF-kappaB activation.
Radiation inactivation analysis of enzymes. Effect of free radical scavengers on apparent target sizes. (1987)

In most cases the apparent target size obtained by radiation inactivation analysis corresponds to the subunit size or to the size of a multimeric complex. In this report, we examined whether the larger than expected target sizes of some enzymes could be due to secondary effects of free radicals. To test this proposal we carried out radiation inactivation analysis on Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I, Torula yeast glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, Chlorella vulgaris nitrate reductase, and chicken liver sulfite oxidase in the presence and absence of free radical scavengers (benzoic acid and mannitol). In the presence of free radical scavengers, inactivation curves are shifted toward higher radiation doses. Plots of scavenger concentration versus enzyme activity showed that the protective effect of benzoic acid reached a maximum at 25 mM then declined. Mannitol alone had little effect, but appeared to broaden the maximum protective range of benzoic acid relative to concentration. The apparent target size of the polymerase activity of DNA polymerase I in the presence of free radical scavengers was about 40% of that observed in the absence of these agents. This is considerably less than the minimum polypeptide size and may reflect the actual size of the polymerase functional domain. Similar effects, but of lesser magnitude, were observed for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, nitrate reductase, and sulfite oxidase. These results suggest that secondary damage due to free radicals generated in the local environment as a result of ionizing radiation can influence the apparent target size obtained by this method.
Hypoxia increases persistent sodium current in rat ventricular myocytes. (1996)

1. A persistent inward current activated by depolarization was recorded using the whole-cell, tight seal technique in rat isolated cardiac myocytes. The amplitude of the inward current increased when cells were exposed to a solution with low oxygen tension. 2. The persistent inward current had the characteristics of the persistent Na+ current described previously in rat ventricular myocytes: it was activated at negative potentials (-70 mV), reversed close to the equilibrium potential for Na+ (ENa), was blocked by TTX and was resistant to inactivation. 3. Persistent single Na+ channel currents activated by long (200-400 ms) depolarizations were recorded in cell-attached patches on isolated ventricular myocytes. Hypoxia increased the frequency of opening of the persistent Na+ channels. 4. Persistent Na+ channels recorded during hypoxia had characteristics similar to those of persistent Na+ channels recorded at normal oxygen tensions. They had a null potential at ENa, their amplitude varied with [Na+], they were resistant to inactivation and their mean open time increased with increasing depolarization. 5. The persistent Na+ channels in cell-attached patches were blocked by TTX (50 microM) in the patch pipette and by lidocaine (100 microM). 6. It was concluded that hypoxia increases the open probability of TTX-sensitive, inactivation-resistant Na+ channels. The voltage dependence of these channels, and their greatly increased activity during hypoxia, suggest that they may play an important role in the generation of arrhythmias during hypoxia.
Frank Okwu Ugboajah, ed. Mass communication, culture and society in West Africa. Oxford, Hans Zell on behalf of World Association for Christian Communication, 1985. 329pp. ISBN 0-905450-18-3. £22.50. (1985)

Frank Okwu Ugboajah, ed. Mass communication, culture and society in West Africa. Oxford, Hans Zell on behalf of World Association for Christian Communication, 1985. 329pp. ISBN 0-905450-18-3. £22.50. - Volume 39
Tunable Reactivation of Nanoparticle-Inhibited β-Galactosidase by Glutathione at Intracellular Concentrations (2004)

Positively charged trimethylammonium-functionalized mixed monolayer protected clusters (MMPCs) of different chain lengths (C(8) and C(11)) have been used to bind beta-galactosidase through complementary electrostatic interactions, resulting in complete enzyme inhibition. This inhibition can be reversed in vitro by intracellular concentrations of glutathione (GSH), the main thiol component of the cell. The restoration of activity depends on the chain length of the monolayer. The activity of enzyme bound to particles with C(8) monolayer was completely restored by intracellular concentrations (1-10 mM) of GSH; however, little or no release was observed at extracellular GSH concentrations. In contrast, no restoration was observed for enzyme bound to the C(11) particles at any of the concentrations studied. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that the GSH-mediated release of enzymes bound to MMPCs can be tuned through the structure of the monolayer, a significant tool for protein and drug delivery applications.
Derivate des d‐Glucosamins, III 3.4.6‐Tribenzoyl‐β‐d‐thioglucosaminide (1959)

Abstract Durch Reaktion des in der I. Mitteilung beschriebenen 1‐α‐Brom‐3.4.6‐tribenzoyl‐d‐glucosamins mit Mercaptanen oder mit Thiophenol wurde eine Reihe von benzoylierten β‐Thioglucosaminiden mit unsubstituierter Aminogruppe dargestellt.
Vector Design Tour de Force: Integrating Combinatorial and Rational Approaches to Derive Novel Adeno-associated Virus Variants (2014)

Methodologies to improve existing adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors for gene therapy include either rational approaches or directed evolution to derive capsid variants characterized by superior transduction efficiencies in targeted tissues. Here, we integrated both approaches in one unified design strategy of "virtual family shuffling" to derive a combinatorial capsid library whereby only variable regions on the surface of the capsid are modified. Individual sublibraries were first assembled in order to preselect compatible amino acid residues within restricted surface-exposed regions to minimize the generation of dead-end variants. Subsequently, the successful families were interbred to derive a combined library of ~8 × 10(5) complexity. Next-generation sequencing of the packaged viral DNA revealed capsid surface areas susceptible to directed evolution, thus providing guidance for future designs. We demonstrated the utility of the library by deriving an AAV2-based vector characterized by a 20-fold higher transduction efficiency in murine liver, now equivalent to that of AAV8.
CS1 (SLAMF7, CD319) is an effective immunotherapeutic target for multiple myeloma. (2017)

CS1 (also known as CD319, CRACC and SLAMF7) was identified as an NK cell receptor regulating immune functions. It is also expressed on B cells, T cells, Dendritic cells, NK-T cells, and monocytes. CS1 is overexpressed in multiple myeloma and makes it a target for immunotherapy. A humanized anti-CS1 antibody, Elotuzumab or Empliciti has shown promising results in clinical studies. This review focuses on the biology of CS1 in NK and other hematopoietic cells and multiple myeloma. Anti-CS1 mAb can activate natural cytotoxicity of NK cells as well as enhance ADCC (antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity) and thus makes an effective target for immunotherapy of MM.
[Analysis of immunophenotype, lymphocytic subsets and NK cells in patients with B cell chronic lymphoid leukemia]. (2009)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the values of immunophenotype of leukemic cells in bone marrow (BM) or peripheral blood (PB), lymphocytic subsets and NK cells of PB in diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of patients with B cell chronic lymphoid leukemia (B-CLL). The samples of PB and BM from 67 patients with B-CLL were collected and detected by multi-parameter flow cytometry. The results showed that the percentage of lymphocytes in PB of 67 patients with B-CLL obviously increased, as compared with normal persons, while CD3, CD4, CD8 and NK cells decreased significantly (p < 0.01), and no CD4/CD8 ratio had notable change (p > 0.05). In their immunophenotype results, the positive expression rate of CD19 was highest (91.04%), followed by CD5 (80.60%), CD 20 (76.12), cyCD 79a (74.63%), CD 38 (43.28%), CD 11c (42.86%), CD 7 (41.94%), ZAP-70 (39.29%), CD25 (0.00%); co-expression rate of CD5 and CD19 was 72.73%; the expression of ZAP-70 was correlated with CD 38 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, detection of cell immunophenotypes, lymphocytic subsets in PB and BM and NK cells in PB contribute to diagnosis of patients with B-CLL.
Real time cantilever signal frequency determination using digital signal processing (2007)

We describe a digital signal processing method for high precision frequency evaluation of approximately sinusoidal signals based on a computationally efficient method. We demonstrate frequency measurement enabling sensitive measurement of the oscillatory force exerted on a micromechanical cantilever. We apply this technique to detection of the force signal arising in a micromechanically detected magnetic resonance force microscopy electron spin resonance signal. Our frequency detection measurements agree well with the theoretical noise analysis presented here, and we find that due to the excellent sensitivity of optical displacement detection, our sensitivity is limited only by the thermal displacement noise of the cantilever.
Expression, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the extracellular IgV-like domain of the human natural killer cell inhibitory receptor p75/AIRM1 (2003)

p75/AIRM1, also known as Siglec-7, is a sialoadhesin expressed on natural killer cells that inhibits their cytolytic activity. It is composed of an extracellular region comprising one IgV-like and two IgC-like domains. The extracellular IgV-like domain, believed to be involved in target-cell recognition, has been expressed in E. coli, folded in vitro and crystallized.