gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Disco (1997)

article Free Access Share on Disco: running commodity operating systems on scalable multiprocessors Authors: Edouard Bugnion Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CAView Profile , Scott Devine Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CAView Profile , Mendel Rosenblum Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA Computer Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems ReviewVolume 31Issue 5Dec. 1997 pp 143–156https://doi.org/10.1145/269005.266672Published:01 October 1997Publication History 160citation2,486DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations160Total Downloads2,486Last 12 Months100Last 6 weeks28 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Interleukin-7: from bench to clinic (2002)

Interleukin-7 (IL-7) was initially isolated more than 10 years ago.[1-4][1] Nevertheless, the complete set of physiologic roles for this cytokine, especially those involving lymphocyte homeostasis, have only recently been elucidated. After the initial descriptions of effects on B-cell precursors,
Wavelength and intensity stabilisation of 980 nmdiode laserscoupled to fibre Bragg gratings (1994)

The wavelength and intensity of 980 nm diode lasers are stabilised by coupling the lasers to low-reflectivity (&lt;5%) fibre Bragg gratings. Power of up to 100 mW from the singlemode fibre has been obtained. The increased stability of these permanently mounted devices may result in improved performance of erbium-doped fibre amplifiers.
Formal Security Analysis of Neural Networks using Symbolic Intervals (2018)

Due to the increasing deployment of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) in real-world security-critical domains including autonomous vehicles and collision avoidance systems, formally checking security properties of DNNs, especially under different attacker capabilities, is becoming crucial. Most existing security testing techniques for DNNs try to find adversarial examples without providing any formal security guarantees about the non-existence of such adversarial examples. Recently, several projects have used different types of Satisfiability Modulo Theory (SMT) solvers to formally check security properties of DNNs. However, all of these approaches are limited by the high overhead caused by the solver. In this paper, we present a new direction for formally checking security properties of DNNs without using SMT solvers. Instead, we leverage interval arithmetic to compute rigorous bounds on the DNN outputs. Our approach, unlike existing solver-based approaches, is easily parallelizable. We further present symbolic interval analysis along with several other optimizations to minimize overestimations of output bounds. We design, implement, and evaluate our approach as part of ReluVal, a system for formally checking security properties of Relu-based DNNs. Our extensive empirical results show that ReluVal outperforms Reluplex, a state-of-the-art solver-based system, by 200 times on average. On a single 8-core machine without GPUs, within 4 hours, ReluVal is able to verify a security property that Reluplex deemed inconclusive due to timeout after running for more than 5 days. Our experiments demonstrate that symbolic interval analysis is a promising new direction towards rigorously analyzing different security properties of DNNs.
Calcium carbonate catalyzed alcoholysis of fats and oils (2001)

Abstract Several alcoholysis catalysts, known to be effective for reactions between simple alcohols and soybean oil, were evaluated and found to be ineffective toward alcoholysis of ethylene glycol with soybean oil under traditional reaction conditions. An initial survey of alternative catalysts revealed that organometallic tin complexes were effective but unsatisfactory due to toxicity and difficulty in recovering the catalyst. Satisfactory performance for several alcoholysis reactions was achieved with calcium carbonate catalysts even though at higher temperatures, typically greater than 200°C. Higher reaction temperatures are not considered to be a problem for flow reactors where heat exchangers can be readily used to minimize energy costs. Free fatty acids were esterified by the calcium carbonate and did not appear to inhibit the catalyst. Reaction times of 18 min provided essentially complete conversion. No decrease in the activity of calcium carbonate was observed after weeks of utilization. The robust structure is suitable for use in packed‐bed reactors. The catalyst used for the flow reactors was pulverized limestone. Limestone from two locations was tested and found to be effective. Catalyst removal requires only a screening process at the reactor discharge.
Disassembly-Driven Turn-On Fluorescent Nanoprobes for Selective Protein Detection (2010)

"Switchable" fluorescent probes, which induce changes in the fluorescence properties (e.g., intensity and/or wavelength) only at the intended target protein, are particularly useful for selective protein detection or imaging. However, the strategy for designing such smart probes remains very limited. We report herein a novel mechanism for generating protein-specific "turn-on" fluorescent probes. Our approach uses an amphiphilic, self-assembling compound consisting of a fluorophore and a protein ligand. In the absence of target protein, the probe forms self-assembled aggregates in aqueous solution and displays almost no fluorescence because of efficient quenching. On the other hand, it emits bright fluorescence in response to the target protein through recognition-induced disassembly of the probe. On the basis of this strategy, we successfully developed three types of fluorescent probes that allow the detection of carbonic anhydrase, avidin, and trypsin via turn-on emission signals. It is anticipated that the present supramolecular approach may facilitate the development of new protein-specific switchable fluorescent probes that are useful for a wide range of applications, such as diagnosis and molecular imaging.
Ascend by Evolv: Artificial Intelligence‐Based Massively Multivariate Conversion Rate Optimization (2020)

Conversion rate optimization (CRO) means designing an e‐commerce web interface so that as many users as possible take a desired action such as registering for an account, requesting a contact, or making a purchase. Such design is usually done by hand, evaluating one change at a time through A/B testing, evaluating all combinations of two or three variables through multivariate testing, or evaluating multiple variables independently. Traditional CRO is thus limited to a small fraction of the design space only, and often misses important interactions between the design variables. This article describes Ascend by Evolv, 1 an automatic CRO system that uses evolutionary search to discover effective web interfaces given a human‐designed search space. Design candidates are evaluated in parallel online with real users, making it possible to discover and use interactions between the design elements that are difficult to identify otherwise. A commercial product since September 2016, Ascend has been applied to numerous web interfaces across industries and search space sizes, with up to fourfold improvements over human design. Ascend can therefore be seen as massively multivariate CRO made possible by artificial intelligence.
Neutralizationof Enteric Coronaviruses withEscherichia coliCellsExpressing Single-Chain Fv-AutotransporterFusions (2003)

We report here that fusions of single-chain antibodies (scFvs) to the autotransporter beta domain of the IgA protease of Neisseria gonorrhoeae are instrumental in locating virus-neutralizing activity on the cell surface of Escherichia coli. E. coli cells displaying scFvs against the transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus on their surface blocked in vivo the access of the infectious agent to cultured epithelial cells. This result raises prospects for antiviral strategies aimed at hindering the entry into target cells by bacteria that naturally colonize the same intestinal niches.
Periodontal disease: associations with diabetes, glycemic control and complications (2008)

The evidence reviewed supports diabetes having an adverse effect on periodontal health and periodontal infection having an adverse effect on glycemic control and incidence of diabetes complications. Further rigorous study is necessary to establish unequivocally that treating periodontal infections can contribute to glycemic control management and to the reduction of the burden of diabetes complications.
Allograft rejection mediated by memory T cells is resistant to regulation (2007)

Alloreactive memory T cells may be refractory to many of the tolerance-inducing strategies that are effective against naive T cells and thus present a significant barrier to long-term allograft survival. Because CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical elements of many approaches to successful induction/maintenance of transplantation tolerance, we used MHC class I and II alloreactive TCR-transgenic models to explore the ability of antigen-specific Tregs to control antigen-specific memory T cell responses. Upon coadoptive transfer into RAG-1(-/-) mice, we found that Tregs effectively suppressed the ability of naive T cells to reject skin grafts, but neither antigen-unprimed nor antigen-primed Tregs suppressed rejection by memory T cells. Interestingly, different mechanisms appeared to be active in the ability of Tregs to control naive T cell-mediated graft rejection in the class II versus class I alloreactive models. In the former case, we observed decreased early expansion of effector cells in lymphoid tissue. In contrast, in the class I model, an effect of Tregs on early proliferation and expansion was not observed. However, at a late time point, significant differences in cell numbers were seen, suggesting effects on responding T cell survival. Overall, these data indicate that the relative resistance of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) alloreactive memory T cells to regulation may mediate resistance to tolerance induction seen in hosts with preexisting alloantigen-specific immunity and further indicate the multiplicity of mechanisms by which Tregs may control alloimmune responses in vivo.
Production Matching for Large Learning Systems (1995)

Submitted inpartial ful llment of the requirements for the degree ofDoctor of Philosophy. Thesis Committee:
Purification and Characterization of an Endo-(1,3)-β- d -Glucanase from Trichoderma longibrachiatum (1989)

A laminarinase [endo-(1,3)-beta-d-glucanase] has been purified from Trichoderma longibrachiatum cultivated with d-glucose as the growth substrate. The enzyme was found to hydrolyze laminarin to oligosaccharides varying in size from glucose to pentaose and to lesser amounts of larger oligosaccharides. The enzyme was unable to cleave laminaribiose but hydrolyzed triose to laminaribiose and glucose. The enzyme cleaved laminaritetraose, yielding laminaritriose, laminaribiose, and glucose, and similarly cleaved laminaripentaose, yielding laminaritetraose, laminaritriose, laminaribiose, and glucose. The enzyme cleaved only glucans containing beta-1,3 linkages. The pH and temperature optima were 4.8 and 55 degrees C, respectively. Stability in the absence of a substrate was observed at temperatures up to 50 degrees C and at pH values between 4.9 and 9.3. The molecular mass was determined to be 70 kilodaltons by sodium dodecyl sulfate-12.5% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the pI was 7.2. Enzyme activity was significantly inhibited in the presence of HgCl(2), MnCl(2), KMnO(4), and N-bromosuccinimide. The K(m) of the enzyme on laminarin was 0.0016%, and the V(max) on laminarin was 3,170 mumol of glucose equivalents per mg of the pure enzyme per min.
Highly Cross-Linked Azlactone Functional Supports of Tailorable Polarity (1996)

Highly cross-linked azlactone functional supports were prepared by dispersion polymerization of 2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone (VDM), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA). The supports were recovered in high yield and possessed high surface areas. Individual particles, which ranged from 10 to 300 μm in diameter, were irregularly shaped and comprised of filamentous strands. Support polarity was tailored through increases in the HEMA level in the polymer formulations and was quantified by a lipophilicity index derived from solvent partition data collected on the constituent monomers. Support reactivity, as determined by azlactone aminolysis and measured by IR, was found to increase linearly with increasing support polarity. This effect was shown to be independent of the support cross-link density.
Optimization of Sorting Conditions for the Selection of Stable, High‐Producing Mammalian Cell Lines (1999)

The production of Green Fluorescent Protein in recombinant NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast cells was used as a model to determine the optimal conditions for the rapid isolation of high-producing cell lines with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. "Bulk sorting", that is, sorting of a large number of positive cells, did not result in a stable, high-producing cell line due to overgrowth of high-producing cells by low- or nonproducing cells. The production kinetics and expression of GFP during batch culture was found to differ between NIH3T3 cells and HepG2 hepatoma cells, even though the same plasmid was used for transfection. The kinetics of product formation need therefore to be determined from case to case to select the optimal timepoint for analysis and sorting. Subcloning of sorted cells into microtiter plates only resulted in high-producing subclones when 1 or 2 cells were seeded per well. Higher seeding rates again resulted in overgrowth of low- or nonproducers. By subcloning, two high-producing cells lines could be isolated. They had a 10- and 15-fold higher fluorescent signal compared to the negative control. While one of these subclones started to decrease it's GFP expression after 2 months, the other clone stably expressed GFP for 4 months.
Identification of a second Listeria secA gene associated with protein secretion and the rough phenotype (2002)

We describe the identification and characterization of a second secA gene in Listeria monocytogenes. This gene, termed secA2, is involved in smooth-rough phenotypic variation and secA2 expression contributes to bacterial virulence. Spontaneous rough (R-) variants of L. monocytogenes grow in chains and form rough colonies on solid media. A subset of R-variants, classified here as type I, also shows reduced secretion of an autolysin, p60. We find that disruptions and in frame deletions in secA2 confer phenotypes identical to those of spontaneous type I R-variants. Additionally, the secA2 genes from two spontaneous type I R-variants encoded truncated SecA2 proteins. Mutations were not found in the secA2 genes from the remaining five independent R-variants, four of which showed a distinct (type II) rough morphology and secreted wild-type levels of p60. Expression of an epitope-tagged SecA2 in the DeltasecA2 strain and a spontaneous R-variant restored normal cell septation and smooth colony morphology. These data suggest that mutations in both secA2 and other genes contribute to smooth-rough phase variation in L. monocytogenes. Expression of the full-length SecA2 also promotes secretion of p60 and a set of additional L. monocytogenes proteins. We hypothesize that SecA2-dependent protein secretion plays a role in the colonization of environmental and host surfaces.
Role of MAP kinase pathways in primitive neuroectodermal tumors. (2001)

Mitogen-activated protein kinase and Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt-mediated signaling pathways play a major role in controlling cell proliferation, differentiation and cell death. Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of their specific Thr/Tyr residues is critical in determining their activity. We determined the expression pattern and activity of MAP kinases and Akt in Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors (PNETs). The kinase activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was higher in both primary tumors and cell lines, as evident from the increased phosphorylation of ERK1 and ERK2. We did not observe the activation of C-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) or p38 MAPK The expression of Raf-1, a kinase acting upstream of ERK, was significantly increased in primary tumors compared to normal brain. The PI-3 kinase-activated phosphorylation of Akt was also higher in primary tumors. These results suggest that activation of the Raf-1/ERK module of the MAP kinase pathway play an important role in PNETs.
HEPATIC FIBROSIS: Molecular Mechanisms and Drug Targets (2004)

Liver fibrosis is the common response to chronic liver injury, ultimately leading to cirrhosis and its complications, portal hypertension, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Efficient and well-tolerated antifibrotic drugs are currently lacking, and current treatment of hepatic fibrosis is limited to withdrawal of the noxious agent. Efforts over the past decade have mainly focused on fibrogenic cells generating the scarring response, although promising data on inhibition of parenchymal injury and/or reduction of liver inflammation have also been obtained. A large number of approaches have been validated in culture studies and in animal models, and several clinical trials are underway or anticipated for a growing number of molecules. This review highlights recent advances in the molecular mechanisms of liver fibrosis and discusses mechanistically based strategies that have recently emerged.
Diabetes Complications: Why Is Glucose Potentially Toxic? (1996)

Individuals with diabetes can lead quite normal lives when their blood sugar is controlled by insulin injections. But these injections cannot maintain blood glucose at concentrations as low and stable as they are in normal individuals. The resulting highe r glucose concentrations eventually lead to the complications of diabetes—damage to blood vessels, heart disease, blindness, stroke, and kidney failure. In a report in this week's issue (Ishii et al. , p. 728), a new inhibitor of protein kinase C is shown to inhibit some indices of glucose toxicity in an animal model of diabetes. In their Perspective, Porte and Schwartz discuss how close we are to being able to treat these complication s in patients.
Prostate cancer vaccines: current status. (1999)

Recent insights into cell-mediated immunotherapy have led to a wave of new trials involving immunotherapy for prostate cancer. Vaccines have evolved from nonspecific immune stimulants like Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) to much more specific and potent strategies. Techniques currently being investigated include passive immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies, adoptive transfer of activated effector T cells, and active immunotherapy involving immunization with whole-cell or antigen-specific vaccines. These therapies are being modified with cytokines and other immune modulating agents. Understanding the mechanisms of antitumor immunity and identifying relevant tumor-specific antigens will likely improve these vaccine strategies and provide them with a niche in the future of prostate cancer therapy.
A Guest Editorial: State of Fetal Cells in Maternal Blood: Diagnosis or Dilemma (2000)

Division of Genetics, Departments of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine and New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts Correspondence to: Diana W. Bianchi, MD, Chief, Division of Genetics, New England Medical Center, Box 394, 750 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111. Email: [email protected]
Comparison of low back fusion techniques: transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) or posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) approaches (2009)

The authors review and compare posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). A review of the literature is performed wherein the history, indications for surgery, surgical procedures with their respective biomechanical advantages, potential complications, and grafting substances are presented. Along with the technical advancements and improvements in grafting substances, the indications and use of PLIF and TLIF have increased. The rate of arthrodesis has been shown to increase given placement of bone graft along the weight-bearing axis. The fusion rate across the disc space is further enhanced with the placement of posterior pedicle screw-rod constructs and the application of an osteoinductive material. The chief advantages of the TLIF procedure compared with the PLIF procedure included a decrease in potential neurological injury, improvement in lordotic alignment given graft placement within the anterior column, and preservation of posterior column integrity through minimizing lamina, facet, and pars dissection.
Control of the olive fruit fly using genetics-enhanced sterile insect technique (2012)

The observed mating characteristics strongly suggest that an approach based on the release of OX3097D-Bol males will overcome the key difficulties encountered in previous olive fly SIT attempts. Although field confirmation is required, the proof-of-principle suppression and elimination of caged wild-type olive fly populations through OX3097D-Bol male releases provides evidence for the female-specific RIDL approach as a viable method of olive fly control. We conclude that the promising characteristics of OX3097D-Bol may finally enable effective SIT-based control of the olive fly.
Selective Detection of Ethylene by MoS2–Carbon Nanotube Networks Coated with Cu(I)–Pincer Complexes (2020)

The plant hormone ethylene (C2) can induce premature fruit ripening and flower senescence at levels below 1 ppm, which has motivated efforts to develop cost-effective methods for C2 monitoring during the transport and storage of climacteric fruits. Here, we describe a nanocomposite film composed of exfoliated MoS<sub>2</sub>, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SCNTs), and Cu(I)-tris(mercaptoimidazolyl)borate complexes (Cu-Tm) for real-time detection of C2 at levels down to 100 ppb. A copercolation network of MoS<sub>2</sub> and SCNTs was deposited onto interdigitated Ag electrodes printed on plastic substrates and then coated with Cu-Tm with a final conductance in the 0.5 mS range. Reversible changes in relative conductance (-Δ<i>G</i>/<i>G</i><sub>0</sub>) were measured upon C2 exposure with a linear response at sub-ppm levels. The thin-film sensors were highly selective toward C2, and they responded weakly to other volatile organic compounds or water at similar partial pressures. A mechanism is proposed in which Cu-Tm behaves as a chemically sensitive <i>n</i>-type dopant for MoS<sub>2</sub>, based on spectroscopic characterization and density functional theory modeling. Cu-Tm-coated MoS<sub>2</sub>/SCNT sensors were also connected to a battery-powered wireless transmitter and used to monitor C2 production from various fruit samples, validating their utility as practical, field-deployable sensors.