gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rethinking Antibody-Drug Conjugates (2012)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTRethinking Antibody-Drug ConjugatesView Author Information C&EN Northeast News BureauCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2012, 90, 25, 12–18Publication Date (Print):June 18, 2012Publication History Published online29 March 2013Published inissue 18 June 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-09025-coverhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cen-09025-covernewsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 Chemical & Engineering NewsArticle Views46Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Biotechnology,Cells,Chemotherapy,Conjugate acid-base pairs,Drug delivery Get e-Alerts
1996 National Farmworker Health Conference. (1996)

Health care providers who serve farmworkers are challenged by the geographical distribution of their clients, language differences, and opposition from Congress. At the 1996 National Farmworker Health Conference, clinicians and researchers considered how to deal with these challenges. The number of U.S. migrant and seasonal farmworkers, including their dependents, is estimated at 4.2 million. Ethnic and racial minorities, mostly Latinos and blacks, make up 85 percent of this population. Farmworkers' health is generally poor, and 44 percent have tested positive for tuberculosis. Farmworkers often live in poverty, a key barrier to health care. Living conditions are often unsanitary and overcrowded, further exacerbating medical problems. Between 1987 and 1992, the rate of HIV seroprevalence in the farmworker population increased 10 fold, from 0.5 percent to 5 percent. Dr. Stephen Raffanti, of Vanderbilt Medical Center, treats HIV-positive patients in Tennessee. Most HIV-positive farmworkers lack access to doctors experienced in AIDS care. Legislation being considered by Congress would limit the health care access of both legal and undocumented immigrants and hinder efforts to control infectious diseases.
In Vivo Estimates of the Position of Advanced Bionics Electrode Arrays in the Human Cochlea (2007)

Although the individual variability in all measures was large, repeated patterns of suboptimal electrode placement were observed across subjects, underscoring the applicability of this technique.
Receptor-mediated B cell antigen processing. Increased antigenicity of a globular protein covalently coupled to antibodies specific for B cell surface structures. (1988)

Helper T cell recognition of globular protein antigens requires the intracellular processing of the native molecule by an antigen-presenting cell and subsequent presentation of a peptide fragment, containing the antigenic determinant, on the cell surface where it is recognized by the specific T cell in conjunction with Ia. B lymphocytes can function as antigen-presenting cells and, when antigen is bound by their surface Ig, are greatly enhanced in this capacity. In this report it is demonstrated that pigeon cytochrome c covalently coupled to antibodies directed toward either B cell surface immunoglobulin, class I or class II are effectively processed and presented by B cells to cytochrome c-specific T cells, requiring up to 1000-fold less cytochrome c as compared with cytochrome c alone or cytochrome c coupled to nonspecific immunoglobulin. The potent activity of the cytochrome c-antibody conjugates appears to be due to the ability of B cells to concentrate the antigen when the process becomes receptor mediated rather than to a signal provided to the B cell by the conjugate binding, because cytochrome c was not more effectively presented in the presence of unconjugated antibodies as compared with cytochrome c alone. Furthermore, the binding of the native antigen to B cell surfaces is not alone sufficient for T cell activation, in that the cytochrome c-antibody conjugates require processing and are major histocompatibility complex restricted. The results presented here indicate that surface immunoglobulin is not unique in its ability to facilitate antigen processing and/or presentation and that Ig, class I and class II are capable of transporting the cytochrome c to a cytoplasmic vesicle where proteolysis occurs yielding the required peptide, minimally of 10 amino acids. Cytochrome c coupled to monovalent fragments of anti-Ig-antibodies was nearly as effectively presented as cytochrome c coupled to bivalent antibodies, indicating that phenomena mediated by bivalent binding, such as patching and capping of the surface Ig, were not required for effective antigen presentation. The cytochrome c-antibody conjugates, which allow antigen processing to be initiated by receptor-mediated endocytosis, may provide the necessary tools to unravel the intracellular processes by which protein antigens are processed and presented by B lymphocytes.
Display-only file server (2004)

Insider attack is one of the most serious cybersecurity threats to corporate America. Among all insider threats, information theft is considered the most damaging in terms of potential financial loss. Moreover, it is also especially difficult to detect and prevent, because in many cases the attacker has the proper authority to access the stolen information. According to the 2003 CSI/FBI Computer Crime and Security Survey, theft of proprietary information was the single largest category of losses in the 2003 survey totaling $70.1 million or 35% of the total financial loss reported in that survey. In this paper, we describe the design, implementation and evaluation of an industrial-strength solution called <i>Display-Only File Server</i> (DOFS), which can transparently and effectively stop information theft by insiders in most cases, even if the insiders have proper authorities to read/write the protected information. The DOFS architecture ensures that bits of a protected file never leave a DOFS server after the file is checked in and users can still interact with the protected files in the same way as if it is stored locally. Essentially, DOFS decouples "display access" from other types of accesses to a protected file by providing users only the "display image" rather than the bits of the files, and applies the thin-client computing model on existing client-server applications.
Immunopathology of Crohn's disease. (1986)

Available evidence indicates that pronounced stimulation of the local B-cell system is the major immunological alteration in Crohn's disease, and that a progressive deviation from the characteristic secretory IgA and IgM responses in favour of local IgG production occurs in association with increasing severity of the inflammatory process. Such an altered immunological homeostasis may contribute to the chronicity and relapse of the disease, but its possible involvement in the initiation of the lesion is unknown.
An efficient PCR mutagenesis strategy without gel purification [correction of purificiation] step that is amenable to automation (1996)

We describe here an improved megaprimer PCR mutagenesis strategy. The cumbersome gel purification step that is usually used can be omitted by appropriately cleaving the first and second DNA templates with restriction enzymes and enzymatically removing remaining primers from the first PCR reaction. We show that this improved procedure is reproducible and highly efficient. Furthermore this method is suitable for automation because all the steps are now carried out in reaction tubes.
Equity Trading Systems in Europe - A Survey of Recent Changes (2000)

Cahier de Recherche du Groupe HEC Paris, n° 663/1999
Isotopic Compositions of the Elements 1997 (1998)

The Commission’s Subcommittee for the Isotopic Composition of the Elements has carried out its biennial review of isotopic compositions, as determined by mass spectrometry and other relevant methods. This involves a critical evaluation of the published literature, element by element, and forms the basis of the Table of Isotopic Compositions of the Elements as Determined by Mass Spectrometry presented here. New guidelines have been used to arrive at the uncertainties on the isotopic abundances and there are numerous changes to the table since it was last published in 1991. Atomic Weights calculated from this table are consistent with Ar(E) values listed in the Table of Standard Atomic Weights 1997.
Advantages and applications of CAR-expressing natural killer cells (2015)

In contrast to donor T cells, natural killer (NK) cells are known to mediate anti-cancer effects without the risk of inducing graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). In order to improve cytotoxicity against resistant cancer cells, auspicious efforts have been made with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) expressing T- and NK cells. These CAR-modified cells express antigen receptors against tumor-associated surface antigens, thus redirecting the effector cells and enhancing tumor-specific immunosurveillance. However, many cancer antigens are also expressed on healthy tissues, potentially leading to off tumor/on target toxicity by CAR-engineered cells. In order to control such potentially severe side effects, the insertion of suicide genes into CAR-modified effectors can provide a means for efficient depletion of these cells. While CAR-expressing T cells have entered successfully clinical trials, experience with CAR-engineered NK cells is mainly restricted to pre-clinical investigations and predominantly to NK cell lines. In this review we summarize the data on CAR expressing NK cells focusing on the possible advantage using these short-lived effector cells and discuss the necessity of suicide switches. Furthermore, we address the compliance of such modified NK cells with regulatory requirements as a new field in cellular immunotherapy.
A B7.1-Antibody Fusion Protein Retains Antibody Specificity and Ability to Activate Via the T Cell Costimulatory Pathway (1998)

We describe the construction and characterization of an Ab fusion protein specific for the tumor-associated Ag HER2/neu linked to sequences encoding the extracellular domain of the B7.1 T cell costimulatory ligand. The Ab domain of the fusion molecule will specifically target HER2/neu-expressing tumor cells, while the B7.1 domain is designed to activate a specific immune response. We show that the B7.1 fusion Ab retained ability to selectively bind to the HER2/neu Ag and to the CTLA4/CD28 counter-receptors for B7.1. Specific T cell activation was observed when the B7.1 Ab fusion protein was bound to HER2/neu-expressing cells. The use of the B7.1 Ab fusion protein may overcome limitations of gene transfer and/or standard Ab therapy and represents a novel approach to the eradication of minimal residual disease.
Pan: A High-Level Configuration Language (2002)

The computational requirements for the new Large Hadron Collider are enormous: 5-8 PetaBytes of data generated annually with analysis requiring 10 more PetaBytes of disk storage and the equivalent of 200,000 of today’s fastest PC processors. This will be a very large and complex computing system, with about two thirds of the computing capacity installed in ‘‘regional computing centres’ ’ across Europe, America, and Asia. Implemented as a global computational grid, the goal of integrating the large geographically distributed computing fabrics presents challenges in many areas, including: distributed scientific applications; computational grid middleware, automated computer system management; high performance networking; object database management; security; global grid operations. This paper describes our approach to one of these challenges: the configuration management of a large number of machines, be they nodes in large clusters or desktops in large organizations.
Cell type-specific expression of the human apoB gene is controlled by two cis-acting regulatory regions. (1988)

The human apolipoprotein B (apoB) gene codes for two related proteins, apoB-100 and apoB-48. ApoB-100 is synthesized in the liver, is the major protein constituent of low density lipoprotein, and serves as the ligand for the LDL receptor. cis-acting DNA sequence elements required for hepatic specific apoB transcription were identified in hepatoma (HepG2) and epithelial carcinoma (HeLa) cell lines transfected with apoB/CAT (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) hybrid constructions. HepG2 cells express the transfected apoB constructions at high levels relative to expression in HeLa cells. Mutational analysis of the 5'-flanking region of the apoB gene revealed the presence of positive and negative regulatory regions. The most distal of these regions, located from -261 to -128 (with respect to the start site of transcription), was found to have a roughly equivalent negative activity in both cell types. However, sequences located from -128 to -86 showed a positive activity in HepG2 cells and a negative activity in HeLa cells. Finally, a sequence element located between positions -86 and -70 was found to have a very strong positive effect in HepG2 cells and only a mild positive effect in HeLa cells. These two proximal regions located between -128 and -70 appear to act together to determine the cell type-specific expression of the apoB gene in HepG2 and HeLa cells. Using the gel mobility shift assay and the DNase I footprinting technique, we demonstrated that DNA binding proteins from HepG2 and mouse liver nuclear extracts interact with the crucial positive region located between -86 and -70. This region was also found to contain sequence elements similar to sequences found in the promoters of other apolipoprotein genes, as well as other genes that are expressed in the liver, suggesting that these genes may share some transcriptional regulatory components.
Special narrowing of ultrashort laser pulses by self-phase modulation in optical fibers (1993)

We demonstrate experimentally and theoretically that frequency-modulated femtosecond laser pulses can be spectrally narrowed by self-phase modulation in optical fibers. We obtain a reduction of the spectral linewidth from 10.6 down to 2.7 nm, limited only by the laser power in the fiber. Applications for extracavity conversion of femtosecond lasers to narrow-linewidth picosecond sources are discussed.
JNKK1 organizes a MAP kinase module through specific and sequential interactions with upstream and downstream components mediated by its amino-terminal extension (1998)

MAP kinase (MAPK) cascades are composed of a MAPK, MAPK kinase (MAPKK), and a MAPKK kinase (MAPKKK). Despite the existence of numerous components and ample opportunities for crosstalk, most MAPKs are specifically and distinctly activated. We investigated the basis for specific activation of the JNK subgroup of MAPKs. The specificity of JNK activation is determined by the MAPKK JNKK1, which interacts with the MAPKKK MEKK1 and JNK through its amino-terminal extension. Inactive JNKK1 mutants can disrupt JNK activation by MEKK1 or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in intact cells only if they contain an intact amino-terminal extension. Mutations in this region interfere with the ability of JNKK1 to respond to TNF but do not affect its activation by physical stressors. As JNK and MEKK1 compete for binding to JNKK1 and activation of JNKK1 prevents its binding to MEKK1, activation of this module is likely to occur through sequential MEKK1:JNKK1 and JNKK1:JNK interactions. These results underscore a role for the amino-terminal extension of MAPKKs in determination of response specificity.
Resuscitation after global brain ischemia-anoxia (1978)

SAFAR, PETER MD; BLEYAERT, ACHIEL MD; NEMOTO, EDWIN M. PhD; MOOSSY, JOHN MD; SNYDER, JAMES V. MD Author Information
Specific immunotherapy of advanced renal carcinoma: Evidence for the polyclonality of metastases (1981)

Autologous, irradiated (10,000 rads) tumor cells mixed with C. parvum were given weekly to 14 patients with metastatic renal carcinoma. The tumor tissue had been cryopreserved with DMSO. No significant toxicity was produced. Four patients underwent objective responses, and a fifth had prolonged stabilization (27+ months). Varying responses occurred simultaneously in different metastatic lesions within the same patient. Responding patients usually had an excellent ambulatory status and received greater than 20 x 10(7) tumor cells.
Engineering of baker's yeasts, E. coli and Bacillus hosts for the production of Bacillus subtilis Lipase A (2002)

Lipases are versatile biocatalists showing multiple applications in a wide range of biotechnological processes. The gene lipA coding for Lipase A from Bacillus subtilis was isolated by PCR amplification, cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis strains, using pBR322, YEplac112 and pUB110-derived vectors, respectively. Lipase activity analysis of the recombinant strains showed that the gene can be properly expressed in all hosts assayed, this being the first time a lipase from bacterial origin can be expressed in baker's S. cerevisiae strains. An important increase of lipase production was obtained in heterologous hosts with respect to that of parental strains, indicating that the described systems can represent a useful tool to enhance productivity of the enzyme for biotechnological applications, including the use of the lipase in bread making, or as a technological additive.
The present status of vectorcardiography. (1955)

It is obviously impossible in the limited space available to review historically the many researches that have led to vector electrocardiography, to summarize the numerous theoretical points of view, and to offer a critical evaluation of them, especially if even a tentative answer is to be found to the question: Is vector cardiography worth while clinically now or will it ever be? Instead of tackling this impossible assignment, we will limit the main presentation to just four topics. Each of these topics represents one major controversial area of the problem that can be evaluated separately in terms of individual experience; yet, taken together, these four topics include most of the vexing problems of present-day electrocardiography. Beside a few new numbers and theoretical relationships which we have to offer, our contribution to this symposium is primarily that of separating the variables of the problem into packages that are susceptible to individual
Magnetic resonance imaging studies of age-dependent responses to scaled focal brain injury in the piglet (2003)

Scaled cortical contusions in piglets demonstrated age-dependent differences in injury response, both in magnitude and time course. These observations may shed light on development-related trauma response in the gyrencephalic brain.
Superconfinement tailors fluid flow at microscales (2015)

Understanding fluid dynamics under extreme confinement, where device and intrinsic fluid length scales become comparable, is essential to successfully develop the coming generations of fluidic devices. Here we report measurements of advancing fluid fronts in such a regime, which we dub superconfinement. We find that the strong coupling between contact-line friction and geometric confinement gives rise to a new stability regime where the maximum speed for a stable moving front exhibits a distinctive response to changes in the bounding geometry. Unstable fronts develop into drop-emitting jets controlled by thermal fluctuations. Numerical simulations reveal that the dynamics in superconfined systems is dominated by interfacial forces. Henceforth, we present a theory that quantifies our experiments in terms of the relevant interfacial length scale, which in our system is the intrinsic contact-line slip length. Our findings show that length-scale overlap can be used as a new fluid-control mechanism in strongly confined systems.
Reductions in intestinal Clostridiales precede the development of nosocomial Clostridium difficile infection (2013)

This study shows that a reduction in the abundance of a specific bacterial family - Clostridiales Incertae Sedis XI - is associated with risk of nosocomial CDI and may represent a target for novel strategies to prevent this life-threatening infection.
Interleukin‐17 and its target genes: mechanisms of interleukin‐17 function in disease (2010)

Interleukin-17 (IL-17) has emerged as a central player in the mammalian immune system. Although this cytokine exerts a host-defensive role in many infectious diseases, it promotes inflammatory pathology in autoimmunity and other settings. A myriad of studies have focused on how IL-17-producing cells are generated. However, the means by which IL-17 achieves its effects, either for the benefit or the detriment of the host, are due in large part to the induction of new gene expression. Whereas many IL-17 target genes are common to different disease states, in some cases the effects of IL-17 differ depending on the target cell, infectious site or pathogen. Gene products induced by IL-17 include cytokines (IL-6, granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor, tumour necrosis factor-alpha), chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL2, CCL20, among many others), inflammatory effectors (acute-phase protesins, complement) and antimicrobial proteins (defensins, mucins). Different cell types appear to respond differently to IL-17 in terms of target gene expression, with notable differences seen in mesenchymal and epithelial cells compared with cells of haematopoietic origin. Here, we summarize the major IL-17 target genes that mediate this cytokine's activities in both autoimmune and chronic diseases as well as during various types of infections.
Extruded soft glass photonic crystal fiber for ultrabroad supercontinuum generation (2002)

We report the fabrication and properties of soft glass photonic crystal fibers (PCF's) for supercontinuum generation. The fibers have zero or anomalous group velocity dispersion at wavelengths around 1550 nm, and approximately an order of magnitude higher nonlinearity than attainable in comparable silica fibers. We demonstrate the generation of an ultrabroad supercontinuum spanning at least 350 nm to 2200 nm using a 1550 nm ultrafast pump source.
Design and Biosynthesis of Elastin-like Artificial Extracellular Matrix Proteins Containing Periodically Spaced Fibronectin CS5 Domains (1999)

Synthetic polymers have attained a dominant position in materials science and technology largely on the basis of their excellent physical and mechanical properties. The more subtle chemical and biological properties of natural polymers, especially of the proteins and nucleic acids, have been difficult to capture in synthetic macromolecular materials, in part because these properties arise from microstructural features that cannot be controlled in statistical polymerization processes. We describe herein the use of artificial genes to direct the synthesis of polymers of precisely controlled architecture, in which biological function specifically, the capacity to support attachment of vascular endothelial cellsis the primary object of the design. A long-term objective of this work is the development of improved materials for the regeneration, replacement or repair of vascular tissue.