gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Essential Role of NK Cells in IgG Therapy for Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (2013)

Intravenous immunoglobulin has long been used in treating autoimmune diseases, although mechanisms remain uncertain. Activating Fcγ receptors are receptors of IgG and reported to be essential in intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy. Therefore, we hypothesized natural killer (NK) cells, which express abundant activating Fcγ receptors, are the potential cellular target. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we demonstrated that IgG suppressed disease development in intact, but not in NK cell depleted mice. Adoptive transfer of IgG-treated NK cell could protect mice against EAE, and suppressed interferon γ and interleukin 17 production. The percentage of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells was significantly increased. The increase of regulatory T cells was also observed in IgG-treated EAE mice but not in NK cell depleted mice. In vitro experiments confirmed that IgG-treated NK cells enhanced regulatory T cell induction from naïve CD4(+) T cells. Interestingly, cells from draining lymph nodes produced more interleukin 2 after the adoptive transfer of IgG-treated NK cells. We neutralized interleukin 2 and the induction of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) T cells by IgG-treated NK cells was significantly reduced. To our knowledge, we identified for the first time the critical role of NK cells in the mechanism of IgG-induced induction of Treg cells in treatment of autoimmunity.
Continuously evolving classification of signals corrupted by an abrupt change (2002)

Bayes decision theory is based on the assumption that the decision problem is posed in probabilistic terms, and that all of the relevant probability values are known. The aim of this paper is to show how blind sliding window AR modeling is corrupted by an abrupt model change and to derive a statistical study of these parameters.
High Polymer Content 2,5‐Pyridine‐Polybenzimidazole Copolymer Membranes with Improved Compressive Properties (2014)

Abstract Three series of polybenzimidazole (PBI) random copolymers (2,5‐pyridine‐r‐meta‐PBI, 2,5‐pyridine‐r‐para‐PBI, and 2,5‐pyridine‐r‐2OH‐PBI) were synthesized and cast into phosphoric acid (PA) doped membranes using the PolyPhosphoric Acid (PPA) Process. Copolymer composition was adjusted using co‐monomers that impart high and low solubility characteristics to simultaneously control overall copolymer solubility and gel membrane stability. Measured under a static compressive force at 180 °C, copolymer membranes generally exhibited decreased creep compliance with increasing polymer content. Within each series of copolymer membranes, increasing polymer contents proportionally reduced the phosphoric acid/polymer repeat unit (PA/PRU) ratios and their respective proton conductivities. Some copolymer membranes exhibited comparable fuel cell performances (up to 0.66 V at 0.2 A cm −2 following break‐in) to para‐PBI (0.68 V at 0.2 A cm −2 ) and equal to 3,5‐pyridine‐based high solids membranes. Furthermore, 2,5‐pyridine copolymer membranes maintained a consistent fuel cell voltage of &gt;0.6 V at 0.2 A cm −2 for over 8600 h under steady‐state operation conditions. Phosphoric acid loss was monitored during long‐term studies and demonstrated acid losses as low as 5.55 ng cm −2 h −1 . The high‐temperature creep resistance and long‐term operational stabilities of the 2,5‐pyridine copolymer membranes suggest that they are excellent candidates for use in extended lifetime electrochemical applications.
Systemic availability of 5‐aminosalicylic acid: comparison of delayed release and an azo‐bond preparation (1996)

As 5-ASA acts locally, the lower systemic load provided by olsalazine may increase efficacy and reduce the potential risk of nephrotoxicity during long-term maintenance treatment of ulcerative colitis.
Characterization of the lipopolysaccharide from a Rhizobium phaseoli mutant that is defective in infection thread development (1987)

The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from a Rhizobium phaseoli mutant, CE109, was isolated and compared with that of its wild-type parent, CE3. A previous report has shown that the mutant is defective in infection thread development, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows that it has an altered LPS (K. D. Noel, K. A. VandenBosch, and B. Kulpaca, J. Bacteriol. 168:1392-1462, 1986). Mild acid hydrolysis of the CE3 LPS released a polysaccharide and an oligosaccharide, PS1 and PS2, respectively. Mild acid hydrolysis of CE109 LPS released only an oligosaccharide. Chemical and immunochemical analyses showed that CE3-PS1 is the antigenic O chain of this strain and that CE109 LPS does not contain any of the major sugar components of CE3-PS1. CE109 oligosaccharide was identical in composition to CE3-PS2. The lipid A's from both strains were very similar in composition, with only minor quantitative variations. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of CE3 and CE109 LPSs showed that CE3 LPS separated into two bands, LPS I and LPS II, while CE109 had two bands which migrated to positions similar to that of LPS II. Immunoblotting with anti-CE3 antiserum showed that LPS I contains the antigenic O chain of CE3, PS1. Anti-CE109 antiserum interacted strongly with both CE109 LPS bands and CE3 LPS II and interacted weakly with CE3 LPS I. Mild-acid hydrolysis of CE3 LPS I, extracted from the polyacrylamide gel, showed that it contained both PS1 and PS2. The results in this report showed that CE109 LPS consists of only the lipid A core and is missing the antigenic O chain.
R-BTMA: a MAC protocol for short-range mobile radio communications (2002)

A reservation-Aloha-like (R-Aloha-like) protocol is studied in a decentralized mobile radio network context, with some hypotheses and assumptions and under specific constraints. Periodical traffic with parameter sharing and local communications are special characteristics of the model. The studied system faced problems, such as hidden nodes, fast changes in the network topology, and intervehicle communications. To solve or reduce some of these problems, the R-BTMA MAC protocol is introduced. It uses two distinct physical channels: a data channel and a busy-tone channel for signaling. Simulations are presented to evaluate the R-BTMA performance. The main service considered is parameter sharing with a regular traffic: one packet per frame and per vehicle. Numerical results show the improvements in channel throughput. The reaccess delay is evaluated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Evidence behind Inhibitor Treatment with Recombinant Factor VIIa (2002)

Over the past 10 years considerable use has been made of recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) for the treatment of patients with inhibitors to coagulation factors. During this time, its place in the management of acute bleeds and surgery has become better defined. Although pharmacokinetic studies report the half-life of rFVIIa as 2.7 h, there is considerable intersubject variability. Moreover, rFVIIa is cleared more rapidly in children than in adults. Assays for the measurement of rFVIIa plasma levels are not readily available in clinical diagnostic laboratories, although there is evidence that plasma FVII:C levels, measured by a one-stage prothombin-based assay, reflect the plasma concentration of rFVIIa:C. The level of FVII:C required to achieve haemostasis in different clinical circumstances remains uncertain. In order to overcome the logistic difficulties of repeated frequent bolus injections, and potentially to minimise usage, administration of rFVIIa by continuous infusion has been reported. However, there is some uncertainty as to whether continuous infusion of rFVIIa has similar therapeutic efficacy to an equivalent total dose administered by bolus injections. The extensive clinical experience with rFVIIa in haemophilic patients with inhibitors has been recorded in descriptive accounts of the Compassionate Use Programme and the Emergency Use Study. On the basis of the apparent clinical efficacy and safety reported in these studies, prospective randomised trials of different dose regimens have been undertaken for the treatment of acute bleeds and surgery. These have helped to define the minimum dose needed to achieve haemostasis. There remains considerable uncertainty about the minimal effective dose and appropriate duration of therapy in different clinical circumstances. There is therefore a need for the development of evidence-based guidelines for the use of rFVIIa in bolus and continuous infusion regimens in different settings, and for the therapeutic value of measuring plasma concentrations of rFVIIa, to facilitate the optimal use of this product. Furthermore, additional randomised clinical trials will help ensure that rFVIIa is used in the most clinically and cost effective way.
Preparation and Spectroscopic Studies of Stereoisomers of the Tris[(S)-1-phenyl-1,3-propanediamine]cobalt(III) Complex (1982)

Abstract Three, fac-Δ, fac-Λ, and mer-Δ, of four possible diastereomers of the [Co(S-phtn)3]3+ complex (S-phtn=(S)-1-phenyl-1,3-propanediamine) were obtained by two methods, a reaction between trans-[CoCl2(S-phtn)2]+ and S-phtn in DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), and oxidation of a DMSO solution containing Co(II) ions and S-phtn with air in the presence of active charcoal. Neither method yielded the mer-Λ isomer. The absorption and circular dichroism spectra of the isomers were recorded in water in the absence and presence of Na2SO4, and in DMSO. The shifts of the first absorption bands caused by changing solvents and the changes of circular dichroism spectra caused by the addition of sulfate ions seem to be related with the conformational instability of the flexible six-membered chelate ring in the complexes. The tetraammine complex of S-phtn was also prepared.
Pearl drops (1999)

If deposited on a hydrophobic rough substrate, a small drop of water can look like a pearl, with a contact angle close to 180°. We examine the conditions for observing such a phenomenon and show practical achievements where the contact angle can be predicted and thus quantitatively tuned by the design of the surface microstructure.
Expression of the Type I Diabetes-associated Gene LRP5 in Macrophages, Vitamin A System Cells, and the Islets of Langerhans Suggests Multiple Potential Roles in Diabetes (2000)

LRP5 is a novel member of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family that is genetically associated with Type 1 diabetes. As a start to defining the normal function of LRP5 and to generate testable hypotheses of its potential role in Type 1 diabetes pathogenesis, we carried out an extensive expression analysis of this gene at the mRNA and protein levels in normal human, monkey, and mouse, as well as in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice at several stages of diabetes development. In all species, expression of LRP5 was found in four functionally important cell types: the distributed mononuclear phagocyte system, the islets of Langerhans, vitamin A-metabolizing cells, and CNS neurons. Given the critical role of macrophages in the onset and progression of islet cell destruction in Type 1 diabetes and the hypothesized role of retinoids as modifiers of diabetes progression, these findings suggest that LRP5 may confer Type 1 diabetes risk by altering the normal functioning of one or more of these regulatory systems. Specifically, given that the LRP5 polymorphisms associated with diabetes are in the promoter region of the gene, alterations in LRP5 expression may be responsible for diabetes susceptibility and therefore may be potential targets for therapeutic intervention. (J Histochem Cytochem 48:1357-1368, 2000)
Carbon Monoxide Protects Against Cardiac Ischemia—Reperfusion Injury In Vivo via MAPK and Akt—eNOS Pathways (2004)

CO has beneficial effects on cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury; this effect is mediated by p38MAPK pathway and Akt-eNOS pathway, including production of cGMP.
Análisis de la tasa de detección de fetos macrosómicos mediante ecografía (2013)

Antecedentes: La macrosomía fetal es clínicamente relevante debido a que se asocia a un incremento significativo de la morbilidad materno-fetal.La ecografía es el estándar dorado para la estimación del peso fetal y la valoración de su crecimiento.Tiene una sensibilidad de 21,6%, por tanto la probabilidad de detectar macrosomía es baja para todas las fórmulas.El error entre el peso real y el estimado es 7,5-10%, y en
How many catalytic RNAs? Ions and the Cheshire cat conjecture. (1993)

Three well-characterized RNA catalysts not only require Mg2+ for activity, but also bind a metal ion (or ions) within the active site, apparently in a catalytic rather than solely structural role. I suggest, in view of the general catalytic utility of bound ions, that catalytic RNAs be viewed as Cheshire cats, by dimming their complex three-dimensional ribonucleotide structure to leave only the sharp mineral parts in view. That is, catalytic RNAs may be viewed as metalloenzymes, with the burdens of catalysis frequently borne by specifically poised metal ions. Comparison to modern protein metalloenzymes predicts particular RNA metallocatalysts that may be possible presently, and in a hypothetical ancestral RNA world that did not encode peptide catalysts. In support of this view, known catalytic RNAs can be considered Cheshire catalysts; that is, they have apparent cognates among the protein metalloenzymes.
Distributed Control of Robotic Networks (2009)

This self-contained introduction to the distributed control of robotic networks offers a distinctive blend of computer science and control theory. The book presents a broad set of tools for understanding coordination algorithms, determining their correctness, and assessing their complexity; and it analyzes various cooperative strategies for tasks such as consensus, rendezvous, connectivity maintenance, deployment, and boundary estimation. The unifying theme is a formal model for robotic networks that explicitly incorporates their communication, sensing, control, and processing capabilities--a model that in turn leads to a common formal language to describe and analyze coordination algorithms.Written for first- and second-year graduate students in control and robotics, the book will also be useful to researchers in control theory, robotics, distributed algorithms, and automata theory. The book provides explanations of the basic concepts and main results, as well as numerous examples and exercises.Self-contained exposition of graph-theoretic concepts, distributed algorithms, and complexity measures for processor networks with fixed interconnection topology and for robotic networks with position-dependent interconnection topology Detailed treatment of averaging and consensus algorithms interpreted as linear iterations on synchronous networks Introduction of geometric notions such as partitions, proximity graphs, and multicenter functions Detailed treatment of motion coordination algorithms for deployment, rendezvous, connectivity maintenance, and boundary estimation
Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 2 Is Necessary for Normal B Cell Development and Recovery of Lymphoid Progenitors after Chemotherapeutic Challenge (2011)

B cell development involves rapid cellular proliferation, gene rearrangements, selection, and differentiation, and it provides a powerful model to study DNA repair processes in vivo. Analysis of the contribution of the base excision repair pathway in lymphocyte development has been lacking primarily owing to the essential nature of this repair pathway. However, mice deficient for the base excision repair enzyme, apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 2 (APE2) protein develop relatively normally, but they display defects in lymphopoiesis. In this study, we present an extensive analysis of bone marrow hematopoiesis in mice nullizygous for APE2 and find an inhibition of the pro-B to pre-B cell transition. We find that APE2 is not required for V(D)J recombination and that the turnover rate of APE2-deficient progenitor B cells is nearly normal. However, the production rate of pro- and pre-B cells is reduced due to a p53-dependent DNA damage response. FACS-purified progenitors from APE2-deficient mice differentiate normally in response to IL-7 in in vitro stromal cell cocultures, but pro-B cells show defective expansion. Interestingly, APE2-deficient mice show a delay in recovery of B lymphocyte progenitors following bone marrow depletion by 5-fluorouracil, with the pro-B and pre-B cell pools still markedly decreased 2 wk after a single treatment. Our data demonstrate that APE2 has an important role in providing protection from DNA damage during lymphoid development, which is independent from its ubiquitous and essential homolog APE1.
Optical spectroscopic and structural properties of vanadium(3+)-doped fluoride, chloride, and bromide elpasolite lattices (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOptical spectroscopic and structural properties of vanadium(3+)-doped fluoride, chloride, and bromide elpasolite latticesChristian Reber, Hans U. Guedel, Gerd Meyer, Thomas Schleid, and Claude A. DaulCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1989, 28, 16, 3249–3258Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00315a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00315a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views811Altmetric-Citations102LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Molecular parameters and their relation to the adhesive performance of emulsion acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives. II. Effect of crosslinking (2001)

Acrylic emulsion pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) films generally have much lower shear holding power than that of their solvent-borne counterparts for the same peel and tack. This is due to their discrete microgel morphology in the film. In contrast, film cast from solution-polymerized acrylic PSA forms a continuous network as a result of crosslinking acrylic acid and aluminum acetyl acetonate (AAA) in the film following the solvent evaporation. Novel acrylic emulsion PSA was made by copolymerizing ≤1 wt % isobutoxy methyl acrylamide (IBMA) in the polymer backbone. The IBMA grafted the linear portion of the acrylic polymer with the microgels upon heating the film, which resulted in a significant increase in the shear holding power. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 2558–2564, 2001
Direct synthesis of gold nanodispersions in sol–gel derived silicate sols, gels and films (1997)

A simple method for the preparation of stable colloidal suspensions of gold nanoparticles in silicate sols, silicate based films and monoliths is presented; organically modified sol–gel monomers containing amine functional groups are used for the stabilisation of Au ions and the metal nanocrystalline sol.
Distinct and Redundant Functions of μ1 Medium Chains of the AP-1 Clathrin-Associated Protein Complex in the NematodeCaenorhabditis elegans (2000)

In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, there exist two micro1 medium chains of the AP-1 clathrin-associated protein complex. Mutations of unc-101, the gene that encodes one of the micro1 chains, cause pleiotropic effects (). In this report, we identified and analyzed the second mu1 chain gene, apm-1. Unlike the mammalian homologs, the two medium chains are expressed ubiquitously throughout development. RNA interference (RNAi) experiments with apm-1 showed that apm-1 and unc-101 were redundant in embryogenesis and in vulval development. Consistent with this, a hybrid protein containing APM-1, when overexpressed, rescued the phenotype of an unc-101 mutant. However, single disruptions of apm-1 or unc-101 have distinct phenotypes, indicating that the two medium chains may have distinct functions. RNAi of any one of the small or large chains of AP-1 complex (sigma1, beta1, or gamma) showed a phenotype identical to that caused by the simultaneous disruption of unc-101 and apm-1, but not that by single disruption of either gene. This suggests that the two medium chains may share large and small chains in the AP-1 complexes. Thus, apm-1 and unc-101 encode two highly related micro1 chains that share redundant and distinct functions within AP-1 clathrin-associated protein complexes of the same tissue.
Construction and characterization of recombinant porcine adenovirus serotype 5 expressing the transmissible gastroenteritis virus spike gene (2001)

Five recombinant porcine adenoviruses of serotype 5 (PAdV-5) carrying the full-length or the 5' 2.2 kb half of the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) spike (S) gene were generated by homologous recombination in E. coli strain BJ5183 cells and subsequent transfection of swine testicle cells. The foreign genes were inserted into the E3 region of PAdV-5. One recombinant virus had no deletion in the E3 region, whereas a 1.2 kb fragment was removed from the E3 region in the remainder of the recombinant viruses. One stable construct with a 4.4 kb insertion had a genome size of 109.6% of the wild-type genome, the largest reported for any recombinant adenovirus. Only those viruses that carried the S gene in the left to right orientation expressed the S gene. Three recombinant viruses were tested by oral immunization of pigs and both antibody response and virus shedding were monitored. None of the pigs showed clinical signs and the virus was recovered from rectal swabs until 6-7 days post-infection. Viruses expressing the S gene induced TGEV- and PAdV-5-specific virus-neutralizing antibodies. Moreover, TGEV-specific secretory IgA was detected in the small intestine and in the lungs of the immunized animals.
Cloning and characterization of a transmembrane serine kinase that acts as an activin type I receptor. (1993)

Activin type II receptors are transmembrane protein-serine/threonine kinases. By using a reverse-transcription PCR assay to screen for protein kinase sequences, we isolated a cDNA clone, activin X1 receptor, from rat brain that encodes a 55-kDa transmembrane protein-serine kinase which is structurally related to other receptors in this kinase subfamily. The predicted protein consists of 509 amino acids, and the kinase domain shows 40% and 37% identity to the activin and transforming growth factor beta type II receptors, respectively. No activin-binding was observed when activin X1 receptor was expressed alone in COS-M6 cells; however, coexpression with type II activin receptors gave rise to a 68-kDa affinity-labeled complex in addition to the 85-kDa type II receptor complex. The size of this cross-linked band is consistent with the size of the type I activin receptor; furthermore, activin X1 receptor associated with type II receptors, as judged by coimmunoprecipitation with type II receptor antibodies. These data suggest that activin X1 receptor can serve as an activin type I receptor and that the diverse biological effects of activins may be mediated by a complex formed by the interaction of two transmembrane protein-serine kinases.