gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotective Effects of Creatine and Cyclocreatine in Animal Models of Huntington’s Disease (1998)

The gene defect in Huntington's disease (HD) may result in an impairment of energy metabolism. Malonate and 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) are inhibitors of succinate dehydrogenase that produce energy depletion and lesions that closely resemble those of HD. Oral supplementation with creatine or cyclocreatine, which are substrates for the enzyme creatine kinase, may increase phosphocreatine (PCr) or phosphocyclocreatine (PCCr) levels and ATP generation and thereby may exert neuroprotective effects. We found that oral supplementation with either creatine or cyclocreatine produced significant protection against malonate lesions, and that creatine but not cyclocreatine supplementation significantly protected against 3-NP neurotoxicity. Creatine and cyclocreatine increased brain concentrations of PCr and PCCr, respectively, and creatine protected against depletions of PCr and ATP produced by 3-NP. Creatine supplementation protected against 3-NP induced increases in striatal lactate concentrations in vivo as assessed by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Creatine and cyclocreatine protected against malonate-induced increases in the conversion of salicylate to 2,3- and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, biochemical markers of hydroxyl radical generation. Creatine administration protected against 3-NP-induced increases in 3-nitrotyrosine concentrations, a marker of peroxynitrite-mediated oxidative injury. Oral supplementation with creatine or cyclocreatine results in neuroprotective effects in vivo, which may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for HD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
THE RESPONSE OF THE EWE TO PREGNANT MARE SERUM AND TO HORSE ANTERIOR PITUITARY EXTRACT (1967)

Summary. When compared in ewes at three dose-rates horse anterior pituitary extract (hap) produced a different ovarian response to that of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (pmsg). Although there was no difference in number of ovulations, there was a greater number of persistent follicles after pmsg. Because persistent follicles are associated with a decreased percentage of fertilized ova, hap is more suited than pmsg to the production of large numbers of fertilized sheep ova.
Domain Structure of the Staphylococcus aureus Collagen Adhesin (1998)

Sequence analysis of surface proteins from Gram-positive bacteria indicates a composite organization consisting of unique and repeated segments. Thus, these proteins may contain discrete domains that could fold independently. In this paper, we have used a panel of biophysical methods, including gel permeation chromatography, analytical ultracentrifugation, circular dichroism, and fluorescence spectroscopy, to analyze the structural organization of the Staphylococcus aureus collagen adhesin, CNA. Our results indicate that the structure, function, and folding of the ligand-binding domain (A) are not affected by the presence or absence of the other major domain (B). In addition, little or no interaction is observed between the nearly identical repeat units within the B domain. We propose that CNA is indeed a mosaic protein in which the different domains previously indicated by sequence analysis operate independently.
Micro‐Nanostructured Interfaces Fabricated by the Use of Inorganic Block Copolymer Micellar Monolayers as Negative Resist for Electron‐Beam Lithography (2003)

Abstract This paper introduces an approach where the match of two different length scales, i.e., pattern from self‐assembly of block copolymer micelles (&lt; 100 nm) and electron‐beam (e‐beam) writing (&gt; 50 nm), allow the grouping of nanometer‐sized gold clusters in very small numbers in even aperiodic pattern and separation of these groups at length scales that are not accessible by pure self‐assembly. Thus, we could demonstrate the grouping of Au nanoclusters in different geometries such as squares, rings, or spheres.
Roles of the two lysyl-tRNA synthetases of Escherichia coli: analysis of nucleotide sequences and mutant behavior (1990)

The complete nucleotide sequence of lysU, the gene for the heat-inducible lysyl-tRNA synthetase of Escherichia coli, was determined and compared with the published sequence of lysS (herC), the gene for the constitutive lysyl-tRNA synthetase. These unlinked genes were found to be identical over 72% of their lengths. The deduced amino acid sequences of the respective gene products, LysU and LysS, were identical over 85% and similar over 92% of their lengths. Accumulation of high levels of LysU during growth of strains carrying the wild-type allele of lysU on multicopy plasmids had no observable effect on growth or on the synthesis of LysS. A lysU deletion strain was constructed and was shown to grow normally at low temperature (28 degrees C) but poorly at 44 degrees C; the slow growth (45% of normal) at elevated temperature was fully reversed by plasmids bearing wild-type lysU. The implications of these findings for the existence of two aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases for lysine are discussed.
Human embryonic stem cells maintained in the absence of mouse embryonic fibroblasts or conditioned media are capable of hematopoietic development (2005)

To date, hematopoietic development of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) has been limited to cell lines cultured in the presence of either mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) or MEF-conditioned media (MEF-CM). Anonymous xenogenic factors from MEFs or MEF-CM complicate studies of hESC self-renewal and also raise concerns for the potential clinical applications of generating primitive hematopoietic cells from hESC lines maintained under these ambiguous conditions. Here, we demonstrate that hESCs can be cultured over 30 passages in defined conditions in the absence of MEFs or MEF-CM using only serum replacement (SR) media and high concentrations of basic fibroblast growth factor (SR-bFGF). Similar to hESCs cultured in MEF-CM, hESCs cultured in SR-bFGF sustained characteristics of undifferentiated hESCs, proliferative potential, normal karyotype, in vitro and in vivo 3 germ-layer specification and gave rise to hemogenic-endothelial precursors required for subsequent primitive hematopoietic development. Our report demonstrates that anonymous factors produced by feeder cells are not necessary for hESC maintenance and subsequent hematopoietic specification, thereby providing a defined system for studies of hESC self-renewal and hESC-derived hematopoiesis.
A Mathematical Contribution to Structure-Activity Studies (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Mathematical Contribution to Structure-Activity StudiesSpencer M. Free and James W. WilsonCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1964, 7, 4, 395–399Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00334a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00334a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2000Altmetric-Citations764LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Big problem, many people, one goal. Improving patient financial services performance. (2004)

A multispecialty organization, faced with growing patient complaints about its billing services, developed a large-scale plan to make the billing process more effective and efficient--a service recovery program. Strong organizational support, leadership commitment and vision, thorough planning and follow-through, and dedicated staff drove the project to surpass expectations.
Stereochemical bias introduced during RNA synthesis modulates the activity of phosphorothioate siRNAs (2015)

An established means of improving the pharmacokinetics properties of oligoribonucleotides (ORNs) is to exchange their phosphodiester linkages for phosphorothioates (PSs). However, this strategy has not been pursued for small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), possibly because of sporadic reports that PS siRNAs show reduced inhibitory activity. The PS group is chiral at phosphorous (Rp/Sp centres), and conventional solid-phase synthesis of PS ORNs produces a population of diastereoisomers. Here we show that the choice of the activating agent for the synthesis of a PS ORN influences the Rp/Sp ratio of PS linkages throughout the strand. Furthermore, PS siRNAs composed of ORNs with a higher fraction of Rp centres show greater resistance to nucleases in serum and are more effective inhibitors in cells than their Sp counterparts. The finding that a stereochemically biased population of ORN diastereoisomers can be synthesized and exploited pharmacologically is important because uniform PS modification of siRNAs may provide a useful compromise of their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics properties in RNAi therapeutics.
In Vitro Spontaneous Production of Anti-SIV Antibodies Is a Reliable Tool in the Follow-Up of Protection of SIV-Vaccinated Monkeys (1993)

To assess the reliability of the spontaneous in vitro synthesis of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific antibodies as a marker in the monitoring of protection in SIV-vaccinated animals, Macaca fascicularis monkeys were immunized with formalin-inactivated SIVmac251 or SIVmac251/32H, and challenged with human-derived (SIVmac251/32H) or monkey-derived live SIV. As judged by virus isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, immunized animals were protected against human-derived SIV challenge, and no spontaneous in vitro synthesis of anti-SIV antibody was observed in nonstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures over a 4-month follow-up. On the contrary, human cell-grown SIVmac251 immunization did not afford protection against monkey-derived SIV, and all the animals became infected and showed spontaneous in vitro synthesis of anti-SIV antibodies. These data demonstrate that lack of protection in SIV-vaccinated monkeys is strictly associated with PBMC ability of spontaneously produce anti-SIV antibodies in vitro following challenge, and suggest that this parameter might also constitute a reliable marker for monitoring protection in large-scale HIV vaccination and immunotherapy programs.
CBF alpha3 (AML2) is induced by TGF-beta1 to bind and activate the mouse germline Ig alpha promoter. (1998)

TGF-beta1 directs class switching to IgA by splenic B cells and by the surface IgM+ B cell line, I.29mu, by inducing germline (GL) Ig alpha transcripts. The promoter segment between -130 and +46, relative to the first initiation site for mouse GL alpha transcripts, is sufficient for expression and TGF-beta1 inducibility of a reporter gene in B cell lines. Within this segment resides a TGF-beta1-responsive element (TbetaRE) that is required for induction of the promoter by TGF-beta1 and, when multimerized, is sufficient to transfer TGF-beta1 inducibility to another promoter. In this report we show that a TGF-beta1-inducible complex binds the TbetaRE and contains the transcription factor core-binding factor (CBF; also known as acute myeloid leukemia, AML). Although all three CBF alpha family members activate the GL alpha promoter, only CBF alpha3 (AML-2) is induced by TGF-beta1 in splenic B and I.29mu cells. The TbetaRE contains two CBF binding sites. Mutation of both sites reduces but does not eliminate induction of the GL alpha promoter by TGF-beta1 or by overexpression of CBF, possibly due to the presence of an additional CBF site in the promoter. In addition, the TbetaRE contains two copies of another sequence motif. Mutation of these motifs eliminates TGF-beta1 induction of the GL alpha promoter. Together the data indicate that TGF-beta1 induction of the alpha promoter involves induction of CBF alpha3, which binds to the TbetaRE of the promoter along with one or more proteins.
Serum cardiac troponin T in patients hospitalized with heart failure is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction (2004)

Serum cTnT but not cTnI was associated with left ventricular dysfunction and LVH in patients hospitalized with heart failure. This explains why cTnT tends to be slightly elevated in patients with heart failure without symptoms of acute myocardial ischaemia.
Calcitonin gene-related peptide in migraine: intersection of peripheral inflammation and central modulation (2011)

Over the past two decades, a convergence of basic and clinical evidence has established the neuropeptide calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) as a key player in migraine. Although CGRP is a recognised neuromodulator of nociception, its mechanism of action in migraine remains elusive. In this review, we present evidence that led us to propose that CGRP is well poised to enhance neurotransmission in migraine by both peripheral and central mechanisms. In the periphery, it is thought that local release of CGRP from the nerve endings of meningeal nociceptors following their initial activation by cortical spreading depression is critical for the induction of vasodilation, plasma protein extravasation, neurogenic inflammation and the consequential sensitisation of meningeal nociceptors. Mechanistically, we propose that CGRP release can give rise to a positive-feedback loop involved in localised increased synthesis and release of CGRP from neurons and a CGRP-like peptide called procalcitonin from trigeminal ganglion glia. Within the brain, the wide distribution of CGRP and CGRP receptors provides numerous possible targets for CGRP to act as a neuromodulator.
The computer as musical accompanist (1986)

article Free Access Share on The computer as musical accompanist Authors: W. Buxton Computer Systems Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A4 Computer Systems Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A4View Profile , R. Dannenberg Computer Science Department, 4212 Wean Hall, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Computer Science Department, 4212 Wean Hall, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGCHI BulletinVolume 17Issue 4April 1986 pp 41–43https://doi.org/10.1145/22339.22346Online:01 April 1986Publication History 4citation374DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations4Total Downloads374Last 12 Months9Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Vasopressin decreases intestinal mucosal perfusion: a clinical study on cardiac surgery patients in vasodilatory shock (2009)

Infusion of low to moderate doses of vasopressin in patients with norepinephrine-dependent vasodilatory shock after cardiac surgery induces an intestinal and gastric mucosal vasoconstriction.
Redundancy in Periplasmic Binding Protein-Dependent Transport Systems for Trehalose, Sucrose, and Maltose in Sinorhizobium meliloti (2002)

We have identified a cluster of six genes involved in trehalose transport and utilization (thu) in Sinorhizobium meliloti. Four of these genes, thuE, -F, -G, and -K, were found to encode components of a binding protein-dependent trehalose/maltose/sucrose ABC transporter. Their deduced gene products comprise a trehalose/maltose-binding protein (ThuE), two integral membrane proteins (ThuF and ThuG), and an ATP-binding protein (ThuK). In addition, a putative regulatory protein (ThuR) was found divergently transcribed from the thuEFGK operon. When the thuE locus was inactivated by gene replacement, the resulting S. meliloti strain was impaired in its ability to grow on trehalose, and a significant retardation in growth was seen on maltose as well. The wild type and the thuE mutant were indistinguishable for growth on glucose and sucrose. This suggested a possible overlap in function of the thuEFGK operon with the aglEFGAK operon, which was identified as a binding protein-dependent ATP-binding transport system for sucrose, maltose, and trehalose. The K(m)s for trehalose transport were 8 +/- 1 nM and 55 +/- 5 nM in the uninduced and induced cultures, respectively. Transport and growth experiments using mutants impaired in either or both of these transport systems show that these systems form the major transport systems for trehalose, maltose, and sucrose. By using a thuE'-lacZ fusion, we show that thuE is induced only by trehalose and not by cellobiose, glucose, maltopentaose, maltose, mannitol, or sucrose, suggesting that the thuEFGK system is primarily targeted toward trehalose. The aglEFGAK operon, on the other hand, is induced primarily by sucrose and to a lesser extent by trehalose. Tests for root colonization, nodulation, and nitrogen fixation suggest that uptake of disaccharides can be critical for colonization of alfalfa roots but is not important for nodulation and nitrogen fixation per se.
Formation and extraction of very large all-carbon fullerenes (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation and extraction of very large all-carbon fullerenesHisanori Shinohara, Hiroyasu Sato, Yahachi Saito, Mitsuo Takayama, Akira Izuoka, and Tadashi SugawaraCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 22, 8449–8451Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100175a010https://doi.org/10.1021/j100175a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views204Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
DNA methylation epigenotypes in breast cancer molecular subtypes (2010)

Our results provide evidence that well defined DNA methylation profiles enables breast cancer subtype prediction and support the utilization of this biomarker for prognostication and therapeutic stratification of patients with breast cancer.
Bacteria in supragingival plaque samples can be killed by low‐power laser light in the presence of a photosensitizer (1995)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether bacteria in supragingival plaque samples could be killed by low-power laser light in the presence of a suitable photosensitizer. Plaque samples were obtained from 10 volunteers, treated with either toluidine blue O (TBO) or aluminum disulphonated phthalocyanine (AlPcS2), and then exposed to light from a helium/neon (HeNe) or gallium aluminium arsenide (GaAs) laser respectively. Following irradiation, substantial reductions were achieved in the total anaerobic count as well as in the number of viable streptococci and actinomyces present in the samples. In the absence of laser light, the sensitizers themselves had little effect on the viability of the bacteria in the plaque samples. The HeNe/TBO combination appeared to be more effective than the GaAs/AlPcS2 combination, achieving log10 reductions of 2.95, 5.40 and 3.34 in the total anaerobic count, streptococci and actinomyces respectively with a light energy dose of 1.31 J. If effective in vivo, lethal photosensitization may be useful as a means of eliminating plaque bacteria from a carious lesion prior to its restoration.
Multilayer modal method for diffraction gratings of arbitrary profile, depth, and permittivity (1993)

A numerically stable method is presented for the analysis of diffraction gratings of arbitrary profile, depth, and in conical mountings. It is based on the classical modal method and uses a stack of lamellar gratpermittivity to approximate an arbitrary profile. A numerical procedure known as the R-matrix propagation aling layers gorithm is used to propagate the modal fields through the layers. This procedure renders the implementation of this new method completely immune to the numerical instability that is associated with the conventional algorithm. Numerical examples including diffraction efficiencies of both dielectric and metallic propagation gratings of depths that range from subwavelength to hundreds of wavelengths are presented. Information about the convergence and the computation time of the method is also included.
Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of SiC<sub>f</sub>/SiC Composites via Polycarbosilane Pyrolysis (2007)

Continuous SiC fiber reinforced SiC composites were fabricated by PIP route and their microstructures and mechanical properties were characterized. The density, flexural strength and fracture toughness of the composites were 1.88 g/cm3, 307 MPa and 8.24 MPa⋅m1/2, respectively. The low mechanical properties were ascribed to low density and strong interfacial bonding. The composites exhibited poor oxidation and thermal shock resistance; however, they showed desirable thermal stability.
Pulmonary Endpoints (Lung Carcinomas and Asbestosis) Following Inhalation Exposure to Asbestos (2011)

Lung carcinomas and pulmonary fibrosis (asbestosis) occur in asbestos workers. Understanding the pathogenesis of these diseases is complicated because of potential confounding factors, such as smoking, which is not a risk factor in mesothelioma. The modes of action (MOA) of various types of asbestos in the development of lung cancers, asbestosis, and mesotheliomas appear to be different. Moreover, asbestos fibers may act differentially at various stages of these diseases, and have different potencies as compared to other naturally occurring and synthetic fibers. This literature review describes patterns of deposition and retention of various types of asbestos and other fibers after inhalation, methods of translocation within the lung, and dissolution of various fiber types in lung compartments and cells in vitro. Comprehensive dose-response studies at fiber concentrations inhaled by humans as well as bivariate size distributions (lengths and widths), types, and sources of fibers are rarely defined in published studies and are needed. Species-specific responses may occur. Mechanistic studies have some of these limitations, but have suggested that changes in gene expression (either fiber-catalyzed directly or by cell elaboration of oxidants), epigenetic changes, and receptor-mediated or other intracellular signaling cascades may play roles in various stages of the development of lung cancers or asbestosis.