gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Four factors are required for 3'-end cleavage of pre-mRNAs. (1989)

We reported previously that authentic polyadenylation of pre-mRNAs in vitro requires at least two factors: a cleavage/specificity factor (CSF) and a fraction containing nonspecific poly(A) polymerase activity. To study the molecular mechanisms underlying 3' cleavage of pre-mRNAs, we fractionated CSF further and show that it consists of four separable subunits. One of these, called specificity factor (SF; Mr, approximately 290,000), is required for both specific cleavage and for specific polyadenylation and thus appears responsible for the specificity of the reaction. Although SF has not been purified to homogeneity, several lines of evidence suggest that it may not contain an essential RNA component. Two other factors, designated cleavage factors I (CFI; Mr, approximately 130,000) and II (CFII; Mr, approximately 110,000), are sufficient to reconstitute accurate cleavage when mixed with SF. A fourth factor, termed cleavage stimulation factor (CstF; Mr, approximately 200,000), enhances cleavage efficiency significantly when added to a mixture of the three other factors. CFI, CFII, and CstF do not contain RNA components, nor do they affect specific polyadenylation in the absence of cleavage. Although these four factors are necessary and sufficient to reconstitute efficient cleavage of one pre-RNA tested, poly(A) polymerase is also required to cleave several others. A model suggesting how these factors interact with the pre-mRNA and with each other is discussed.
Biologic and biochemic properties of recombinant platelet factor 4 demonstrate identity with the native protein (1990)

Platelet factor 4 (PF4) is a 70 amino acid protein released from the alpha-granules of platelets after activation. The exact biologic function of this protein is unknown. We have constructed an expression vector for recombinant PF4 (rPF4) in the T7-based promoter vector pT7–7 to better study the relationship between PF4 structure and function. The protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity by heparin-agarose affinity chromatography and reverse- phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Purity of protein was confirmed by immunoblot analysis and sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which resulted in a single component with a molecular weight of 8,000 daltons. The amino acid composition and sequence of the N-terminal 20 residues showed that rPF4 is identical to PF4 prepared from human platelets (hPF4), except for an N-terminal initiating methionine residue. Immunoblots revealed that rPF4 and hPF4 bound polyclonal anti-hPF4 equally well, while chemotaxis experiments demonstrated similar potencies as neutrophil attractants. Dose-dependent neutrophil chemotactic responses and competitive studies with polyclonal anti-hPF4 antiserum further demonstrate similar chemotactic properties of the two PF4 species. In conclusion, our data show that this recombinant protein and the native protein appears to have similar immunologic, heparin-binding, and chemotactic properties. The chemotactic properties of hPF4 appear to be entirely intrinsic to the protein and not due, in part, to any contaminating protein. Furthermore, our expression vector should prove useful for the construction of recombinant forms of PF4 to investigate structure/function relationships of this biologically important protein.
Relaxing stylus typing precision by geometric pattern matching (2005)

Fitts' law models the inherent speed-accuracy trade-off constraint in stylus typing. Users attempting to go beyond the Fitts' law speed ceiling will tend to land the stylus outside the targeted key, resulting in erroneous words and increasing users' frustration. We propose a geometric pattern matching technique to overcome this problem. Our solution can be used either as an enhanced spell checker or as a way to enable users to escape the Fitts' law constraint in stylus typing, potentially resulting in higher text entry speeds than what is currently theoretically modeled. We view the hit points on a stylus keyboard as a high resolution geometric pattern. This pattern can be matched against patterns formed by the letter key center positions of legitimate words in a lexicon. We present the development and evaluation of an "elastic" stylus keyboard capable of correcting words even if the user misses all the intended keys, as long as the user's tapping pattern is close enough to the intended word.
A Primitive T Cell-Independent Mechanism of Intestinal Mucosal IgA Responses to Commensal Bacteria (2000)

The immunoglobulin A (IgA) is produced to defend mucosal surfaces from environmental organisms, but host defenses against the very heavy load of intestinal commensal microorganisms are poorly understood. The IgA against intestinal commensal bacterial antigens was analyzed; it was not simply "natural antibody" but was specifically induced and responded to antigenic changes within an established gut flora. In contrast to IgA responses against exotoxins, a significant proportion of this specific anti-commensal IgA induction was through a pathway that was independent of T cell help and of follicular lymphoid tissue organization, which may reflect an evolutionarily primitive form of specific immune defense.
Role of JNK in Tumor Development (2003)

The c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) is implicated in oncogenic transformation. However, studies of the effect of Jnk gene disruption on Ras-induced transformation of murine fibroblasts indicate that JNK may act as a suppressor of Ras transformation and that the JNK signaling pathway contributes to the apoptotic elimination of transformed cells in vivo. The conclusion that JNK can act as a tumor suppressor is consistent with the presence of loss-of-function mutations in JNK pathway components (Jnk3 and Mkk4) in human tumors. Nevertheless, JNK can also contribute to the proliferation and survival responses of some tumors. A key question that remains unresolved concerns the genetic and mechanistic basis for these different roles of JNK in tumors. Indeed, an understanding of this question will be required for the rational use of small molecule inhibitors of JNK for tumor therapy.
One-way Delay Measurement and Characterization (2007)

In network characterization and network tomography, delay is one of the meaningful parameters to consider. Inside end-to-end delay, one-way delay provides much more information than typical round-trip time. Measuring one-way delay is complex and several components can be distinguished. Measurement errors committed by conventional monitoring hardware are presented. A high-precision European measurement infrastructure has been used to run our experiments and to check general behavior for one-way delay. Maximum likelihood estimation is used to provide generic distribution fitting for one-way delay. The information of one-way delay is also applied to available bandwidth estimation and topology changes during extensive periods of time.
Comparative evaluation of MR-based partial-volume correction schemes for PET. (1999)

Based on these data, we conclude that the two-compartment approach is better suited for comparative PET studies, whereas the three-compartment algorithm is capable of greater accuracy for absolute quantitative measures.
Clinical, Immunophenotypic, and Genetic Analysis of Adult Lymphomas With Morphologic Features of Burkitt Lymphoma (2005)

A prompt distinction of Burkitt lymphoma (BL) versus diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCL) has important clinical implications; however, this distinction can be difficult. We analyzed 74 adult gray zone and 10 reference pediatric BL using immunohistochemistry (Ki-67, CD10, bcl2, bcl6) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for MYC, BCL2, and BCL6 breakpoints. Two algorithms for classification were followed: algorithm A used a two-step review by four hemato-pathologists and algorithm B a set of only biologic markers (Ki-67 > or = 90%, CD10+, bcl6+, bcl2-, MYC breakpoint+, BCL2 and BCL6 breakpoint-). Both algorithms categorized all reference cases as BL. In the adult group, algorithm A resulted in 21 adult BL and 52 DLBCL and algorithm B in 23 BL and 51 "non-Burkitt" lymphomas (nBL); 9 cases (12%) contained two different translocations and were categorized as nBL in algorithm B. Fifteen cases (20%) fulfilled the BL criteria of both algorithms. Although not considered as BL according to both algorithms, many other lymphomas showed nonetheless a phenotypic and/or genetic shift to BL. BL according to algorithm B was more homogeneous with respect to clinical presentation (gender and localization) than BL defined by algorithm A. Our data suggest that only a few cases of these gray zone lymphomas represent true de novo BL. Immunohistochemistry for Ki-67, CD10, and bcl2 with analysis of MYC and preferably also BCL2 and BCL6 may be advised as a marker panel for this diagnostic dilemma.
Optical waveguide refractive index profiles determined from measurement of mode indices: a simple analysis (1976)

The WKB approximation is used to derive simple equations that predict the shape of the index profile from measured mode indices of a planar optical waveguide. This nondestructive test is a useful tool in the study of diffused guides. The index profile is assumed either to decrease monotonically from the surface or to be symmetrical in the case of a buried guide. The approximation uses straight line segments to connect the measured points. Results are compared with mathematical solutions for exponential, Fermi, and step distributions and with other independent experimental observations of the profile in a nickel-diffused LiNbO3 guide.
Construction and characterization of a recombinant adenovirus directing expression of the MAGE-1 tumor-specific antigen (1997)

The finding that many human melanomas express distinct antigens that can be recognised by specific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) implies that immunotherapeutic strategies against this cancer might prove effective. The ex vivo delivery of a tumour-associated antigen to autologous cells and the subsequent re-administration of these cells to the patient might prove effective in boosting the T cell immune response. Recombinant human adenoviral vectors provide an efficient delivery system and have many advantages over other viral and non-viral delivery vehicles. Infection of a panel of human melanoma cell lines by AdCMVMAGE-1, a novel recombinant adenovirus which incorporates the full-length MAGE-1 cDNA, was shown to induce production of high levels of MAGE-1 protein. Incubation of transduced HLA-A1 expressing melanoma cell lines with 2 anti-MAGE-1.A1 CTL clones resulted in specific recognition and lysis of target cells, indicating that the exogenous MAGE-1 protein was processed and presented in a normal manner. Furthermore, quantitative analyses demonstrated a correlation between the efficiency of transduction and the proportion of cells lysed. Importantly for future clinical trials, stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from a melanoma patient by AdCMVMAGE-1-transduced autologous cells resulted in the generation of specific CTLs against the MAGE-1 antigen. Together, our data emphasize the utility of adenoviruses as vaccination vehicles and highlight the potential efficacy of this approach for the treatment of melanoma.
SNOW PLOW TRUCK CAB ERGONOMICS: SUMMARY (1995)

A task force was organized by the Minnesota Department of Transportation in the Fall of 1992 and charged to improve snowplow truck ergonomics in the cab environment. The objective of the effort was to design an ergonomically correct snowplow truck cab that was cost-effective and efficient. The activities of the task force included a literature search, a search for products and ideas, and the formulation of proposals for implementation. The general areas addressed included visibility (mirrors, windshield and lighting), controls (accessories, levers, steering wheel, shift stick and warning systems), and comfort (climate control, noise and seats). The task force made recommendations in each of these areas and in the development of training programs on snow plowing, winging, and sanding operations. The final report, entitled Snowplow Truck Cab Ergonomics Task Force Report (MN/MO-93/06), was published by the Minnesota Department of Transportation, St. Paul, Minnesota in August 1993 (see TRIS 642336).
Sleep Apnea, Hypopnea and Oxygen Desaturation in Normal Subjects (1979)

Thirty asymptomatic men and 19 asymptomatic women were monitored during one night's sleep to determine the incidence of breathing abnormalities and oxygen desaturation in normal subjects. Twenty men accounted for 264 episodes of nocturnal oxygen desaturation or abnormal breathing. Women never experienced oxygen desaturation, and only three had a total of nine episodes of apnea. These sex differences were highly significant (P less than 0.003). In men, increasing age and obesity correlated positively with the incidence of nocturnal oxygen desaturation and abnormal breathing. Four asymptomatic men weighing more than 90 kg dropped their saturation to very low levels (68 to 72 per cent). Abnormal breathing and oxygen desaturation during sleep in subjects with chronic obstructive lung disease of the syndrome of hypersomnolence with periodic breathing may represent the superimposition of smoking or obesity on a normal tendency to snoring and oxygen desaturation in men.
Endothelium-derived relaxing factor produced and released from artery and vein is nitric oxide. (1987)

The objective of this study was to determine whether nitric oxide (NO) is responsible for the vascular smooth muscle relaxation elicited by endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). EDRF is an unstable humoral substance released from artery and vein that mediates the action of endothelium-dependent vasodilators. NO is an unstable endothelium-independent vasodilator that is released from vasodilator drugs such as nitroprusside and glyceryl trinitrate. We have repeatedly observed that the actions of NO on vascular smooth muscle closely resemble those of EDRF. In the present study the vascular effects of EDRF released from perfused bovine intrapulmonary artery and vein were compared with the effects of NO delivered by superfusion over endothelium-denuded arterial and venous strips arranged in a cascade. EDRF was indistinguishable from NO in that both were labile (t1/2 = 3-5 sec), inactivated by pyrogallol or superoxide anion, stabilized by superoxide dismutase, and inhibited by oxyhemoglobin or potassium. Both EDRF and NO produced comparable increases in cyclic GMP accumulation in artery and vein, and this cyclic GMP accumulation was inhibited by pyrogallol, oxyhemoglobin, potassium, and methylene blue. EDRF was identified chemically as NO, or a labile nitroso species, by two procedures. First, like NO, EDRF released from freshly isolated aortic endothelial cells reacted with hemoglobin to yield nitrosylhemoglobin. Second, EDRF and NO each similarly promoted the diazotization of sulfanilic acid and yielded the same reaction product after coupling with N-(1-naphthyl)-ethylenediamine. Thus, EDRF released from artery and vein possesses identical biological and chemical properties as NO.
Spatial filtering and neocortical dynamics: estimates of EEG coherence (1998)

The spatial statistics of scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) are usually presented as coherence in individual frequency bands. These coherences result both from correlations among neocortical sources and volume conduction through the tissues of the head. The scalp EEG is spatially low-pass filtered by the poorly conducting skull, introducing artificial correlation between the electrodes. A four concentric spheres (brain, CSF, skull, and scalp) model of the head and stochastic field theory are used here to derive an analytic estimate of the coherence at scalp electrodes due to volume conduction of uncorrelated source activity, predicting that electrodes within 10-12 cm can appear correlated. The surface Laplacian estimate of cortical surface potentials spatially bandpass filters the scalp potentials reducing this artificial coherence due to volume conduction. Examination of EEG data confirms that the coherence estimates from raw scalp potentials and Laplacians are sensitive to different spatial bandwidths and should be used in parallel in studies of neocortical dynamic function.
Photoacoustic and photothermal cytometry using photoswitchable proteins and nanoparticles with ultrasharp resonances (2013)

In the article by E. I. Galanzha et al. (doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbio.201300140), published in J. Biophotonics 8, 81-93 (2015), the Conflict of Interest statement is missing. This erratum is published to correct this.
Vinyl Sulfone-Terminated PEG−PLLA Diblock Copolymer for Thiol-Reactive Polymeric Micelle (2009)

Vinyl sulfone-terminated polyethylene glycol-poly(l-lactide) (VS−PEG−PLLA) diblock copolymer was designed as an amphiphilic structure containing a VS group with high reactivity toward thiols. Prior to the copolymer synthesis, heterobifunctional PEG with a VS group at one terminus was prepared and then PLLA was introduced to the other end of PEG. The chemical structure and molecular weight of the resulting products was assigned by 1H NMR and GPC. As micellar properties of VS−PEG−PLLA under aqueous environment, the critical micelle concentration and mean size of VS−PEG−PLLA were found to be approximately 59.8 mg/L and 34 nm, respectively. Kinetic studies of the VS-functionalized PEG−PLLA micelle showed that the reaction rates were affected by various factors but most of cysteine-contained peptides reacted rapidly within 1 h via Michael-type addition. Therefore, this thiol-reactive polymeric micelle is expected to be very useful for a functional nanocarrier system through the effective conjugation of cysteine-containing peptides or proteins.
Clostridial enteric diseases of domestic animals (1996)

INTRODUCTION 216 CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS 216 Introduction 216 Major Toxins 216 Disease and Pathogenesis by Toxin Type 217 Type A 218 Type B 219 Type C 219 Type D 220 Type E 220 Enterotoxigenic C. perfringens 221 Reports of untyped C. perfringens 221 Prophylaxis and Therapy 222 Diagnosis 222 CLOSTRIDIUM SEPTICUM 223 Introduction 223 Virulence Attributes and Pathogenesis of Enteric Disease 223 Prophylaxis and Therapy 224 Diagnosis 224 CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE 224 CLOSTRIDIUM SPIROFORME 225 CLOSTRIDIUM COLINUM 226 REFERENCES 226
Cathepsin D is involved in the clearance of Alzheimer's β‐amyloid protein (1996)

The cerebral deposition of 39-42 residue amyloid beta-protein (Abeta) is a histopathological characteristic of Alzheimer's disease. The present study is aimed at finding proteinases responsible for the intracellular clearance of Abeta. The Abeta-degrading proteinase was purified from rat brain. Amino-terminal sequence analysis indicated the Abeta-degrading proteinase was cathepsin D. Purified cathepsin D hydrolyzed Abeta between Phe19 and Phe20. Cathepsin D is likely to be involved in the intracellular clearance of aggregatable Abeta, since Abeta fragments with Phe20 at the amino-terminus have been reported to be secreted from several lines of cultured cells.
Cobranding e strategie di estensione: alcune evidenze sperimentali (2011)

The paper summarizes the main results of two studies, focused on the contribution of co-branding to the success of a brand extension strategy. The first study analyzes how product fit of a co-branded extension may influence the consumers evaluation of a count-erestension. The second study investigates the impact of a particular feature of the hosting brand: the dominance, as intensity of the association between the brand and its original product category.
Enhanced Arsenic Accumulation in Engineered Bacterial Cells Expressing ArsR (2004)

The metalloregulatory protein ArsR, which offers high affinity and selectivity toward arsenite, was overexpressed in Escherichia coli in an attempt to increase the bioaccumulation of arsenic. Overproduction of ArsR resulted in elevated levels of arsenite bioaccumulation but also a severe reduction in cell growth. Incorporation of an elastin-like polypeptide as the fusion partner to ArsR (ELP153AR) improved cell growth by twofold without compromising the ability to accumulate arsenite. Resting cells overexpressing ELP153AR accumulated 5- and 60-fold-higher levels of arsenate and arsenite than control cells without ArsR overexpression. Conversely, no significant improvement in Cd(2+) or Zn(2+) accumulation was observed, validating the specificity of ArsR. The high affinity of ArsR allowed 100% removal of 50 ppb of arsenite from contaminated water with these engineered cells, providing a technology useful to comply with the newly approved U.S. Environmental Protection Agency limit of 10 ppb. These results open up the possibility of using cells overexpressing ArsR as an inexpensive, high-affinity ligand for arsenic removal from contaminated drinking and ground water.
Inhibition of Protein-Protein Interactions: Non-Cellular Assay Formats (2012)

A hepatic arterioportal fistula was visualized in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma by sequential computed tomography (CT) after rapid bolus injection of contrast medium. Early contrast staining was demonstrated in the trunk and branches of the portal vein. The CT findings corresponded with those of celiac angiography.
Photoinitiated Bulk Polymerization of Liquid Crystalline Thiolene Monomers (2002)

The photoinitiated bulk polymerization of liquid crystalline thiolene monomers based on a phenyl benzoate core was investigated and the structure of the corresponding polymers analyzed. We show that polymerization occurs substantially in bulk, and can be initiated on demand by UV-irradiation. The liquid crystalline thiolene polymers exhibit a nematic mesophase, and the molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and overall conversion are characteristic for polymers obtained by a step-growth polymerization. Using NMR spectroscopy, we show that anti-Markovnikov structures are predominantly formed, with a small fraction of the structures displaying different configurations that can be attributed to thiol olefin addition−cooxidation processes or to homopolymerization of the olefinic moiety. The conversions of the thiol and vinyl groups were monitored using time-resolved Raman spectroscopy and dissimilar partial reaction rates were observed.
Study and realization of shear wave mode solidly mounted film bulk acoustic resonators (FBAR) made of c-axis inclined zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films : Application as gravimetric sensors in liquid environments (2006)

Further progress of health-care requires miniaturized sensors for the improvement of medical diagnostics. In this context, the objective of this thesis was to simulate, realize and characterize shear mode solidly mounted film bulk acoustic resonators (SMR) vibrating at 800 MHz, and demonstrate their ability to function as gravimetric bio-chemical sensors in liquids. Three sputter-deposition processes for ZnO films having an inclined c-axis with respect to the surface normal have been developed. Such films are required for the excitation of shear waves and thus essential for an operation in liquids. Inclinations of up to 16° have been obtained through oblique incidence of the particles using additional blinds. Homogeneous films have been deposited on up to 100 % of the wafer surface. Simulation and characterization tools have permitted to optimize the SMRs, improving coupling coefficients from 0.012 to 0.149 (K2 of 2.2 %) and Q-factors from 3.5 to 230. Their application in water and glycerol solutions has shown that they are suitable as viscosity and gravimetric sensors. Measurements of antibody-antigen bindings in liquid have been successfully realized. Compared with 10 MHz quartz crystal microbalances, the obtained sensitivity of 738 Hz∙cm2/ng is 1000 times higher and the mass resolution of 3.5 ng/cm2 is 4 times better. SMRs are highly sensitive, can be integrated with electronics, and allow quantitative time-dependent measurements with good mass resolutions. These piezoelectric film nanobalances are expected to form the core of portable and inexpensive systems to serve the medical diagnostic market.