gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adiabatic population transfer with frequency-swept laser pulses (1994)

We present detailed experimental and theoretical results on population transfer with frequency-swept picosecond laser pulses. Here, we demonstrate that intense frequency-swept pulses, when applied in the adiabatic limit, lead to both more efficient and more selective excitation than do unmodulated laser pulses. The experimental work is performed on quasi-two-level systems (pentacene/p-terphenyl crystal and Na vapor), quasi-three-level systems (Na vapor), and on more complex multilevel systems (I2 vapor). We discuss the different characteristics of adiabatic population transfer in both few-level, and multilevel cases, and, in particular, present computer calculations to explore the effects of molecular rotations in multilevel adiabatic population transfer.
Viral MHC class I inhibition evades CD8 + T-cell effector responses in vivo but not CD8 + T-cell priming (2012)

Although viral MHC class I inhibition is considered a classic immune-evasion strategy, its in vivo role is largely unclear. Mutant cowpox virus lacking its MHC class I inhibitors is markedly attenuated during acute infection because of CD8(+) T-cell-dependent control, but it was not known how CD8(+) T-cell responses are affected. Interestingly, we found no major effect of MHC class I down-regulation on priming of functional cowpox virus-specific CD8(+) T cells. Instead, we demonstrate that, during acute infection in vivo, MHC class I down-regulation prevents primed virus-specific CD8(+) T cells from recognizing infected cells and exerting effector responses to control the infection.
A bifunctional monolayer electrode consisting of 4-pyridyl sulfide and photoisomerizable spiropyran: photoswitchable electrical communication between the electrode and cytochrome C (1994)

A bifunctional monolayer electrode, consisting of 4-pyridyl sulfide and photoisomerizable spiropyran, photostimulates the electrical communication of cytochrome c with the electrode and the inter-protein electron transfer between cytochrome c and cytochrome c oxidase.
Oscillon Dynamics and Rogue Wave Generation in Faraday Surface Ripples (2012)

We report new experimental results which suggest that the generation of extreme wave events in the Faraday surface ripples is related to the increase in the horizontal mobility of oscillating solitons (oscillons). The analysis of the oscillon trajectories in a horizontal plane shows that at higher vertical acceleration, oscillons move chaotically, merge and form enclosed areas on the water surface. The probability of the formation of such craters, which precede large wave events, increases with the increase in horizontal mobility.
Production of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated retrovirus in human and nonhuman cells transfected with an infectious molecular clone (1986)

We constructed an infectious molecular clone of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated retrovirus. Upon transfection, this clone directed the production of infectious virus particles in a wide variety of cells in addition to human T4 cells. The progeny, infectious virions, were synthesized in mouse, mink, monkey, and several human non-T cell lines, indicating the absence of any intracellular obstacle to viral RNA or protein production or assembly. During the course of these studies, a human colon carcinoma cell line, exquisitely sensitive to DNA transfection, was identified.
Successful Treatment of Autoimmune Disease–Associated Pyoderma Gangrenosum With the IL-1 Receptor Antagonist Anakinra (2017)

Beynon, Celia MRCP; Chin, Mei Fong MRCP; Hunasehally, Prasad MRCP; Bhagwandas, Krishnan MBBS; Bevan, Martin FRCP; Taylor, Marisa MD; Lawson, Thomas FRCP, PhD Author Information
Is increased ammonia liberation after bleeding in the digestive tract the consequence of complete absence of isoleucine in hemoglobin? A study in pigs (1989)

A variable protein-induced toxicity has been reported in liver disease. The aim of this study was to establish the cause of increased ammonia liberation in the gut after intraluminal bleeding. Therefore, blood was sampled from catheterized piglets [20 +/- 0.8 kg (means +/- S.E.); n = 10] to determine ammonia, urea and amino acid levels before and 1, 2, 3 and 6 hr after a standard pig meal (750 gm, 12% protein). After 1 week, this procedure was repeated after ingestion of an isonitrogenous amount of bovine whole blood (400 ml). In a second series of experiments, the same procedures were performed after ingestion of plasma, whole blood, erythrocytes and feed. Electromagnetically measured total intestinal, small and large bowel flow was not significantly influenced by the type of meal ingested. Portal ammonia release was significantly increased 2-fold after a blood meal, whereas intestinal glutamine utilization did not increase. Plasma urea levels were increased 200 to 300% after whole blood and erythrocytes, whereas after ingestion of plasma, urea levels were similar to values in controls. Glutamine utilization was not different among the various groups and occurred predominantly in the small bowel. In the fasted state, small bowel glutamine utilization paralleled ammonia production. In the fed state, this equimolar relationship could not be assessed because luminal glutamine utilization could not be determined. Isoleucine levels decreased to 25% of fasting levels. Analysis of blood constituents revealed a complete lack of isoleucine in the hemoglobin molecule. Net total alpha-amino-nitrogen absorption was doubled after a blood meal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Second trimester cervical length and risk of preterm birth in women with twin gestations treated with 17-α hydroxyprogesterone caproate (2010)

Women with twin gestations and a cervical length below the 25th percentile at 16-20 weeks had higher rates of preterm birth. In this subgroup of women, 17 OHPC did not prevent preterm birth before 35 weeks gestation. A cervical length above the 75th percentile at 16-20 weeks did not significantly reduce the risk of preterm birth in this high risk population.
SecureShare: safe UNIX/Windows file sharing through multiprotocol locking (1998)

As mixed UNIX/Windows environments become more common, safe file sharing among the NFS and CIFS clients becomes a significant problem. In this paper, we describe SecureShare, a multiprotocol file sharing technology that resolves the mismatch between NFS/NLM and CIFS file locking protocols, provides coherent caching and enables multiprotocol change notification. SecureShare achieves the goal through a uniform lock-mode model and multiprotocol oplock management. This paper presents the main features of SecureShare and discusses the rationale behind its design. 1.
Effects of intrathecal administration of ziconotide, a selective neuronal N-type calcium channel blocker, on mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia in a rat model of postoperative pain (2000)

Ziconotide (SNX-111), a selective blocker of neuronal N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels, is antinociceptive when it is administered intrathecally. It is currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of malignant and non-malignant pain syndromes. The present study was undertaken to compare and contrast antinociceptive properties of ziconotide, morphine and clonidine in a rat model of post-operative pain. Post-operative pain was produced by making a longitudinal incision through the skin, fascia, and muscle of the plantar aspect of the left hindpaw. This procedure produced immediate (0.5 h after surgery) and long-lasting (4-7 days post-surgery) heat hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia in the injured hindpaw. Pain thresholds in the contralateral hindpaw were unaffected. Administered one day after incisional surgery, intrathecal ziconotide blocked established heat hyperalgesia in the injured hindpaw in a dose-dependent manner yielding an ED(50)4 h) but reversible (<24 h) blockade of established mechanical allodynia. Administered one day after surgery, intrathecal bolus injection of morphine dose-dependently blocked heat hyperalgesia in the injured hindpaw with an ED(50) of 1.6 microg (2.1 nmol) and heat nociceptive responses in the normal hindpaw with an ED(50) of 2.7 microg (3.6 nmol). The effects were immediate and short-lasting (</=1 h). Intravenous bolus injection of 3 mg/kg (1.1 micromol/kg) ziconotide, administered either before or after incisional surgery, had no effect on thermal pain thresholds measured in either the injured or normal hindpaw. In contrast, intraperitoneal injections of 2 mg/kg (2.6 micromol/kg) morphine and 2.5 mg/kg (9.4 micromol/kg) clonidine blocked heat hyperalgesia in the injured hindpaw; morphine, but not clonidine, also elevated thermal (heat) nociceptive response thresholds in the normal hindpaw. The results of this study show that intrathecal ziconotide is antinociceptive in a rat incisional model of post-operative pain and is more potent, longer acting, and more specific in its actions than intrathecal morphine.
Concepts, Labeling Procedures, and Design of Cell Proliferation Studies Relating to Carcinogenesis (1993)

Chemicals may induce cell proliferation directly as mitogens or indirectly via cell death with subsequent proliferation to replace lost cells.Chemically induced proliferation has been demon- strated to play a role in the carcinogenic process.A wide range of procedures and techniques are currently being used to define the quantitative relationship between the extent and duration of chemically induced cell proliferation and carcinogenic potential in different species and target organs.However, a limited database and nonstandard protocols and procedures for measuring cell proliferation have made it difficult to compare results between laboratories.Comparison of frequencies of S phase between control and treated animals is the most commonly used end point in cell proliferation studies and may be regarded as an indirect indication of a prolifera- tive response.This response can be ascertained as labeling indexes (LI; percentage of cells in S phase) after the administration of the DNA precursor labels (tritiated thymidine; 3H-TdR; bromodeoxyuridine, BrdU) or through immunostaining of the endogenous cell replication marker, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA).Both approaches are applicable to tissue sections.An important issue in the design of experimental studies for measuring LI is determining how and when to investigate proliferative responses in relation to the chemical treatment regimen.Variables to consider when designing cell proliferation studies include the animal's age, chemical dose and method of treatment, choice and dose of label, time and length that the label is administered, and methods of quantitation.Study design considerations depend on the experi- mental objective.A common approach to characterize the complex relationship of cell prolifera- tion and carcinogenic activity has been to focus on relatively early (less than 90 days) prolifera- tive responses in the target tissue.However, a larger database on the duration and nature of the chemically induced proliferative response under bioassay conditions in the target cell popula- tion is required to more clearly establish the role of this end point in the cancer process.In addition, studies must also investigate mitogenic versus cytotoxic induction of cell proliferation in normal and preneoplastic cells and differential toxicity that may provide a preferential growth advantage to spontaneous or chemically induced intermediate or malignant cells.
Development of Immunocompetence: Role of Micronutrients and Microorganisms (2002)

Normal maturation of immune response at birth is both supported and stimulated by the gastrointestinal microenvironment, which provides both nutrients and antigenic microbial exposure to the developing child. Micronutrients, trace elements, and vitamins are present in the local environment and have important regulatory effects on adaptive immune cell function through effects on type of cytokine response. Congenital HIV infection is critically affected by both nutrient imbalance and alteration in gastrointestinal microflora, which may impair growth and development as well as immune response. Studies described here indicate that micronutrient deficiency is common in congenital HIV exposure even where infection has not occurred and that gastrointestinal recolonization may exert a restorative effect on both immune response and growth in children with HIV infection.
Close range cell:cell interaction required for stem cell maintenance in continuous bone marrow culture. (1981)

Stem cell maintenance in continuous bone marrow culture has been shown to be associated with close range interaction between hematopoietic cells and marrow derived adherent cells (MDAC). The extent to which the culture system is dependent upon this type of interaction has not been ascertained. Explants of non-adherent mouse bone marrow cells were inoculated into culture flasks bearing established monolayers of syngeneic MDAC. Aliquots of the same suspensions were injected into diffusion chambers which were then placed in the culture vessels, along with the free suspensions. It was found that the loss of CFUS after incubation for one week was significantly greater from the diffusion chambers than from the surrounding suspensions. These differences were not observed in cultures incubated over adherent layers of xenogeneic fibroblasts. The results indicate that close range cell:cell interaction is required for stem cell maintenance in continuous bone marrow culture.
Insulin Action, Diabetogenes, and the Cause of Type II Diabetes (1994)

The person who passes urine which is exceedingly sweet, cool, slightly viscid, turbid, and resembling the juices of the sugarcane … suffers from glycosuria. … There are two types of urinary disorders—one, natural due to genetic factors, and the other due to indiscreet living or dietetic indiscretions. The patient suffering from the former is thin, pale, eats less and drinks too much.… The patient with the latter is usually obese, eats a lot, is stout, of sedentary habits and sleeps too much.
Anesthesia for cataract surgery and its complications (1994)

One year ago in this journal, the author of an article on anesthesia for cataract surgery cited the lack of peer-reviewed studies of the safety and efficacy of topical anesthesias as a significant impediment to its adequate validation (Thornton, Curr Opin Ophthalmol 1993, 4;I:29–32). In the time since that literature review, similar studies have begun to appear. We can now start to compare the reported experience with retrobulbar, peribulbar, subconjunctival, and topical anesthetic techniques in routine cataract surgery.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 infection and fusion of CD4-negative human cell lines: induction and enhancement by soluble CD4 (1992)

We describe human immunodeficiency type 2 (HIV-2) strains which induce cell-to-cell fusion and infect certain CD4- human cell lines. Soluble CD4 (sCD4) induces or enhances fusion by most HIV-2 strains tested. Soluble CD4-immunoglobulin G chimeras and conjugates of sCD4 and antibody to the third domain of CD4 block HIV-2 fusion of CD4- cells. We conclude that HIV-2 can enter CD4- cells via an alternative cell surface receptor to CD4. While some strains entered efficiently, others retained a dependency on an interaction with sCD4 to initiate changes in the virion envelope required for membrane fusion.
Molecular and structural requirements of a lipoteichoic acid from Enterococcus hirae ATCC 9790 for cytokine-inducing, antitumor, and antigenic activities (1995)

Comparison was made between the immunobiological and antigenic properties of two lipoteichoic acid (LTA) fractions (LTA-1 and -2) from Enterococcus hirae ATCC 9790, their glycolipid portions, and synthetic compounds partially mimicking the above bacterial products. The more lipophilic LTA-2 fraction was capable of inducing serum tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 in muramyldipeptide-primed mice and serum gamma interferon in those primed with Propionibacterium acnes. The LTA-2 fraction also induced tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and thymocyte-activating factor (essentially interleukin-1) in murine peritoneal macrophage cultures. Consecutive intravenous injections of muramyldipeptide and the LTA-2 fraction in Meth A fibrosarcoma-bearing BALB/c mice caused hemorrhagic necrosis and marked regression leading to complete regression of the tumor with no accompanying weakening or lethal effects. The LTA-2 fraction was at least 10,000-fold less pyrogenic in rabbits than a reference endotoxic lipopolysaccharide. The more hydrophilic LTA-1 fraction, on the other hand, showed at most marginal activity in the in vivo and in vitro assays. Natural glycolipids (NGL-1 and -2) which were prepared from a chloroform-methanol extract of Streptococcus pyogenes and E. hirae cells, and comparable in structure to the lipid moieties of the LTA-1 and -2 fractions, respectively, were practically inactive in all of the assays. None of the test synthetic compounds was immunobiologically active, although synthetic partial counterparts of the structure of LTA proposed by W. Fischer (Handb. Lipid Res. 6:123-234, 1990) reacted with murine monoclonal antibody TS-2, which was raised against OK-432, a penicillin-killed S. pyogenes preparation, and capable of neutralizing the cytokine-inducing activities of the LTA-2 fraction.
Stream-Dataflow Acceleration (2017)

Demand for low-power data processing hardware continues to rise inexorably. Existing programmable and "general purpose" solutions (eg. SIMD, GPGPUs) are insufficient, as evidenced by the order-of-magnitude improvements and industry adoption of application and domain-specific accelerators in important areas like machine learning, computer vision and big data. The stark tradeoffs between efficiency and generality at these two extremes poses a difficult question: how could domain-specific hardware efficiency be achieved without domain-specific hardware solutions?
Modeling Coherent Backscattering Errors in Fiber Optic Gyroscopes for Sources of Arbitrary Line Width (2013)

We present a new model of the noise and drift induced by coherent backscattering in a fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) interrogated with a light source of arbitrary temporal coherence. This study is critical to understand whether a FOG driven with a laser instead of a broadband source can attain high sensitivity and stability, which would have the overwhelming benefit of improving the FOG scale factor stability by at least ten-fold and would enable the use of FOGs for inertial navigation of aircrafts. Analytical and numerical solutions bring to light two significant new predictions. First, coherent-backscattering noise can be made negligibly small by utilizing a laser with a very narrow linewidth (less than ~ 20 kHz), although in this regime the drift is high. Second, by using a laser with a broad linewidth (greater than ~ 10 MHz), both the noise and the drift are low enough for aircraft inertial navigation. The dependencies of the noise and drift on fiber loss, loop coupling coefficient, and backscattering coefficient are also presented to define the optimum mode of operation of this new class of FOGs.
Construction of a Chimeric Series of Bacillus Cyclomaltodextrin Glucanotransferases and Analysis of the Thermal Stabilities and pH Optima of the Enzymes (1989)

The cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase, EC 2.4.1.19) gene from the alkalophilic Bacillus sp. strain no. 17-1 was cloned in Escherichia coli. The cloned CGTase gene consisted of a single open reading frame which would encode a polypeptide of 713 amino acids, and the first 27 amino acid residues comprised a signal peptide. The nucleotide sequence and the amino acid sequence of this CGTase (CGTase 17-1) gene had strong homology with those of the CGTase (CGTase 38-2) gene previously cloned in our laboratory from the alkalophilic Bacillus sp. strain no. 38-2, although the enzymic properties of the CGTase 17-1 were distinct from those of the CGTase 38-2. To analyse those enzymic properties further, we constructed 12 chimeric CGTases using three restriction nuclease sites and compared the enzymic properties of the chimeric CGTases. The N-terminal part of the enzyme was important for heat stability, and the pH-activity profile was influenced by both the N- and the C-terminal parts. A third segment was less important for enzymic properties.
Nonprostanoid prostacyclin mimetics. 5. Structure-activity relationships associated with [3-[4-(4,5-diphenyl-2-oxazolyl)-5-oxazolyl]phenoxy]acetic acid (1993)

cis-[3-[2-(4,5-Diphenyl-2-oxazolyl)ethenyl]phenoxy]acetic acid (3) was previously identified as a nonprostanoid prostacyclin (PGI2) mimetic that potently inhibits ADP-induced aggregation of human platelets with an IC50 of 0.18 microM. As part of an effort to further explore structure-activity relationships for this class of platelet inhibitor and to provide additional insight into the nonprostanoid PGI2 mimetic pharmacophore, the effect of constraining the cis-olefin moiety of 3 into various ring systems was examined. Incorporation of the cis-olefin of 3 into either an oxazole (26) or an unsubstituted pyrazole (35) heterocycle provided compounds that are equipotent with progenitor 3. However, the oxazole 11f, which is isomeric with 26, inhibits ADP-induced human platelet aggregation in vitro with an IC50 of 0.027 microM, 6-fold more potent than 3, 26, or 35. These results suggest that the central oxazole ring of 11f is functioning as more than a simple scaffold that provides optimal stereodefinition for interaction with the PGI2 receptor. The nitrogen atom of the central heterocycle of 11f is postulated to engage in hydrogen-bond formation with a donor moiety in the PGI2 receptor protein, an interaction not available to 26 due to the markedly different topology. In support of this contention, the crystal structures of 11f and 26 contain strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the carboxylic acid hydrogen atom and the nitrogen atom of the central oxazole ring. Although 11f and 26 are exact isosteres and could, in principle, adopt the same molecular packing arrangement in the solid state, this is not the case, and the intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions in 11f and 26 are accommodated by entirely different molecular packing arrangements. Incorporation of the olefin moiety of 3 into a benzene ring provided a compound, 40, over 60-fold weaker with an IC50 of 11.1 microM. The affinities of 11f, 26, 31, 32, and 40 for the human platelet PGI2 receptor, determined by displacement of [3H]iloprost, correlated with inhibition of platelet function. The solid-state structures of 11f, 26, 31, 32, and 40 were determined and revealed that the more potent compounds 11f and 26 adopt a relatively planar overall topography. In contrast, the central phenyl ring and the phenoxy ring of the weakly active compound 40 are rotated by 53 degrees from planarity. The chemical shifts of the protons of the phenoxy rings of 3, 11f, 18, 26, 31, 32, and 40 suggest that in solution 3, 11f, 18, and 26 adopt a planar conformation while 40 does not.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)