gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-31: A New Cytokine Involved in Inflammation of the Skin (2006)

Cytokines affect immune functions involved inmotility, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, cytotoxicityand antigen presentation (1). Interleukins (IL) arepleiotropic cytokines with diverse receptorsignaling pathways whose expression is controlledat multiple levels (2). Interleukin receptors (ILR)have intrinsic roles in regulating and amplifyingthe inflammatory response (3-12).Skin is the largest organ of the body with thespecific immune defense and its inflammatoryconditions include atopic dermatitis, allergies,psoriasis etc. (13-19). Infiltrated lymphocytesproliferate in an activated state in the skin lesion inan autocrine and/or paracrine manner and produceTH2-type cytokines that might evoke immunologicabnormalities (20-23)....
Application of affine-invariant Fourier descriptors to recognition of 3-D objects (1990)

The method of Fourier descriptors is extended to produce a set of normalized coefficients which are invariant under any affine transformation (translation, rotation, scaling, and shearing). The method is based on a parameterized boundary description which is transformed to the Fourier domain and normalized there to eliminate dependencies on the affine transformation and on the starting point. Invariance to affine transforms allows considerable robustness when applied to images of objects which rotate in all three dimensions, as is demonstrated by processing silhouettes of aircraft maneuvering in three-space.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Inhibition of the STAT3 signaling pathway contributes to apigenin-mediated anti-metastatic effect in melanoma (2016)

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling is constantly activated in human melanoma, and promotes melanoma metastasis. The dietary flavonoid apigenin is a bioactive compound that possesses low toxicity and exerts anti-metastatic activity in melanoma. However, the anti-metastasis mechanism of apigenin has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we showed that apigenin suppressed murine melanoma B16F10 cell lung metastasis in mice, and inhibited cell migration and invasion in human and murine melanoma cells. Further study indicated that apigenin effectively suppressed STAT3 phosphorylation, decreased STAT3 nuclear localization and inhibited STAT3 transcriptional activity. Apigenin also down-regulated STAT3 target genes MMP-2, MMP-9, VEGF and Twist1, which are involved in cell migration and invasion. More importantly, overexpression of STAT3 or Twist1 partially reversed apigenin-impaired cell migration and invasion. Our data not only reveal a novel anti-metastasis mechanism of apigenin but also support the notion that STAT3 is an attractive and promising target for melanoma treatment.
Post‐traumatic osteoarthritis: Improved understanding and opportunities for early intervention (2011)

Even with current treatments of acute joint injuries, more than 40% of people who suffer significant ligament or meniscus tears, or articular surface injuries, will develop osteoarthritis (OA). Correspondingly, 12% or more of all patients with lower extremity OA have a history of joint injury. Recent research suggests that acute joint damage that occurs at the time of an injury initiates a sequence of events that can lead to progressive articular surface damage. New molecular interventions, combined with evolving surgical methods, aim to minimize or prevent progressive tissue damage triggered by joint injury. Seizing the potential for progress in the treatment of joint injuries to forestall OA will depend on advances in (1) quantitative methods of assessing the injury severity, including both structural damage and biologic responses, (2) understanding of the pathogenesis of post-traumatic OA, taking into account potential interactions among the different tissues and the role of post-traumatic incongruity and instability, and (3) application of engineering and molecular research to develop new methods of treating injured joints. This paper highlights recent advances in understanding of the structural damage and the acute biological response following joint injury, and it identifies important directions for future research.
Genetic alterations in esophageal cancer and their relevance to etiology and pathogenesis: A review (1996)

Cancer of the esophagus exists in 2 main forms with different etiological and pathological characteristics-squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC). This review focuses on the occurrence of genetic alterations in SSC and ADC of the esophagus and on their possible implications for the elucidation of the etiology and pathogenesis of these cancers. The most common alterations found in esophageal cancers include allelic losses at chromosomes 3p, 5q, 9p, 9q, 13q, 17p, 17q and 18q, as well as mutations of p53 (mostly missense), Rb (deletions), cyclin DI (amplifications) and c-myc (amplifications). The sequence of occurrence of these alterations with respect to histopathological tumor progression is discussed. Our findings underscore the different etiology and pathogenesis of SCC vs. ADC and suggest that the genetic alterations observed may represent molecular fingerprints of critical risk involved in the development of these 2 cancers.
Direct-detection optical differential 8-level phase-shift keying (OD8PSK) for spectrally efficient transmission (2004)

An implementation of optical differential 8-level phase-shift keying (OD8PSK) is proposed for spectrally efficient high capacity long-haul optical fiber transmission systems. Interferometric demodulation and direct detection at the receiver yield three output binary sequences identical to the three input binary sequences. This is accomplished by proper design of electrical encoding and optical encoding at the transmitter. Three optical encoding schemes are proposed with corresponding differential electrical encoding schemes. Numerical simulations are performed for a single channel transmission to evaluate the transmission performances of OD8PSK systems.
Iron oxide MR contrast agents for molecular and cellular imaging (2004)

Molecular and cellular MR imaging is a rapidly growing field that aims to visualize targeted macromolecules or cells in living organisms. In order to provide a different signal intensity of the target, gadolinium-based MR contrast agents can be employed although they suffer from an inherent high threshold of detectability. Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles can be detected at micromolar concentrations of iron, and offer sufficient sensitivity for T2(*)-weighted imaging. Over the past two decades, biocompatible particles have been linked to specific ligands for molecular imaging. However, due to their relatively large size and clearance by the reticuloendothelial system (RES), widespread biomedical molecular applications have yet to be implemented and few studies have been reproduced between different laboratories. SPIO-based cellular imaging, on the other hand, has now become an established technique to label and detect the cells of interest. Imaging of macrophage activity was the initial and still is the most significant application, in particular for tumor staging of the liver and lymph nodes, with several products either approved or in clinical trials. The ability to now also label non-phagocytic cells in culture using derivatized particles, followed by transplantation or transfusion in living organisms, has led to an active research interest to monitor the cellular biodistribution in vivo including cell migration and trafficking. While most of these studies to date have been mere of the 'proof-of-principle' type, further exploitation of this technique will be aimed at obtaining a deeper insight into the dynamics of in vivo cell biology, including lymphocyte trafficking, and at monitoring therapies that are based on the use of stem cells and progenitors.
Latent Factor Analysis to Discover Pathway-Associated Putative Segmental Aneuploidies in Human Cancers (2010)

Tumor microenvironmental stresses, such as hypoxia and lactic acidosis, play important roles in tumor progression. Although gene signatures reflecting the influence of these stresses are powerful approaches to link expression with phenotypes, they do not fully reflect the complexity of human cancers. Here, we describe the use of latent factor models to further dissect the stress gene signatures in a breast cancer expression dataset. The genes in these latent factors are coordinately expressed in tumors and depict distinct, interacting components of the biological processes. The genes in several latent factors are highly enriched in chromosomal locations. When these factors are analyzed in independent datasets with gene expression and array CGH data, the expression values of these factors are highly correlated with copy number alterations (CNAs) of the corresponding BAC clones in both the cell lines and tumors. Therefore, variation in the expression of these pathway-associated factors is at least partially caused by variation in gene dosage and CNAs among breast cancers. We have also found the expression of two latent factors without any chromosomal enrichment is highly associated with 12q CNA, likely an instance of ''trans''-variations in which CNA leads to the variations in gene expression outside of the CNA region. In addition, we have found that factor 26 (1q CNA) is negatively correlated with HIF-1a protein and hypoxia pathways in breast tumors and cell lines. This agrees with, and for the first time links, known good prognosis associated with both a low hypoxia signature and the presence of CNA in this region. Taken together, these results suggest the possibility that tumor segmental aneuploidy makes significant contributions to variation in the lactic acidosis/hypoxia gene signatures in human cancers and demonstrate that latent factor analysis is a powerful means to uncover such a linkage.
pH sensitive Laponite/alginate hybrid hydrogels: swelling behaviour and release mechanism (2011)

Alginate hydrogels containing biocompatible Laponite (LP) were prepared and dried under vacuum or in an oven, and their drug release properties at different pH values were studied in vitro using methylene blue (MB) as a model of a cationic drug. These hybrid hydrogels showed a greater encapsulation efficiency of MB, a better sustained release and higher pH sensitivity in MB release, compared to the pure AG gels. The oven-dried hybrid gels were more pH sensitive in MB release than the vacuum-dried ones. Furthermore, the presence of LP, the drying mode and the pH value were shown to influence the mechanism of MB release. LP/AG hybrid gels are, thus, good candidates for the controlled delivery of cationic drugs under acidic conditions.
Pharmacologic disruption of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 inhibits tumorigenicity and tumor progression in prostate cancer (2011)

DZNeP is effective both in vitro and in vivo against PC cells. DZNeP antitumor activity is in part mediated by inhibition of CSC tumorigenic potential.
In vitro toxicological evaluation of ISIS 1082, a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide inhibitor of herpes simplex virus (1992)

ISIS 1082, a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide targeted to a translation initiation codon of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) virion capsid protein UL13 inhibits in vitro viral replication. To better understand the pharmacological properties of ISIS 1082, we examined its effects in nonvirally infected HeLa cells by using a number of cytotoxicity assays. Our data indicate that ISIS 1082 had no effect on HeLa cell viability as measured by cellular proliferation and clonogenic assays at concentrations as high as 100 microM. Additionally, DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis were only inhibited by 25% in cells treated with 100 microM ISIS 1082. The effects of ISIS 1082 on DNA synthesis were compared with those of acyclovir and trifluorothymidine, two clinically used antiherpetic agents. Acyclovir displayed effects similar to that of ISIS 1082. However, trifluorothymidine, which has been reported to be a potential mutagen and teratogen, significantly altered DNA replication at concentrations from 1 to 100 microM. Isolated HeLa DNA polymerases were inhibited by the compound, with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 2 microM. The in vitro antiviral (K. Draper and V. Brown-Driver, submitted for publication; K.G. Draper and V. Brown-Driver, Antiviral Res. Suppl. 1:106, 1991) and cytotoxicity studies suggest that ISIS 1082 is a selective, nontoxic, antiherpetic therapeutic agent.
Matrix Effects on the Triplet State of the OLED Emitter Ir(4,6-dFppy)2(pic) (FIrpic): Investigations by High-Resolution Optical Spectroscopy (2009)

The sky-blue emitting compound Ir(4,6-dFppy)(2)(pic) (iridium(III)bis[2-(4',6'-difluorophenyl)pyridinato-N,C(2')]-picolinate), commonly referred to as FIrpic and representing a well-known emitter material for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), has been investigated in detail by optical spectroscopy. Studies at temperatures from T = 1.5 K to T = 300 K were carried out in CH(2)Cl(2) and tetrahydrofuran (THF). In CH(2)Cl(2), two discrete sites were observed at cryogenic temperatures and studied by site-selective, high-resolution spectroscopy. The investigations reveal that the molecules located at the two sites exhibit distinctly different photophysical properties. For example, the three substates I, II, and III of the emitting triplet state T(1) of the low-energy site A show a distinctly larger zero-field splitting (ZFS) and exhibit shorter individual decay times than observed for the high-energy site B. The vibrational satellite structures in the emission spectra of the substates I(A) and I(B) exhibit clear differences in the ranges of metal-ligand (M-L) vibrations. For the compound studied in a polycrystalline THF host, giving only strongly inhomogeneously broadened spectra, the ZFS parameters and substate decay times vary in a similar range as observed for the two discrete sites in the CH(2)Cl(2) matrix. Thus, the amount of ZFS, the emission decay times, and also the intensities of the M-L vibrational satellites are affected by the matrix cage, that is, the host environment of the emitting complex. These properties are discussed with respect to variations of spin-orbit coupling routes. In particular, changes of d-orbital admixtures, that is, differences of the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) character in the emitting triplet, play an important role. The matrix effects are expected to be also of importance for FIrpic and other Ir(III) compounds when applied as emitters in amorphous OLED matrixes.
The modulation of fluorouracil with leucovorin in metastatic colorectal carcinoma: a prospective randomized phase III trial. Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group. (1989)

A total of 343 patients with previously untreated metastatic measurable colorectal carcinoma were studied to evaluate the impact on toxicity, response, and survival of leucovorin-modulated fluorouracil (5-FU). A maximally tolerated intravenous bolus loading course regimen of 5-FU alone (500 mg/m2 x 5 days every 4 weeks with 25 mg/m2 escalation) was compared with a high-dose leucovorin regimen (600 mg/m2 of 5-FU with 500 mg/m2 of leucovorin weekly for 6 weeks with a 2-week rest) and with a similar low-dose leucovorin regimen (600 mg/m2 of 5-FU with 25 mg/m2 of leucovorin weekly for 6 weeks with a 2-week rest). The dose-limiting toxicity for the two 5-FU and leucovorin regimens was gastrointestinal, specifically diarrhea; severe diarrhea was seen frequently, and treatment-related toxicity was implicated in the demise of 11 of the patients (5%). Significant improvements in response rates were observed with a response rate of 33 of 109 (30.3%) on the high-dose leucovorin regimen (P less than .01 v control); 13 of 107 (12.1%) on the 5-FU control; and 21 of 112 (18.8%) on the low-dose leucovorin regimen. A trend toward longer survival in the 5-FU plus high-dose leucovorin regimen was observed. In this study, leucovorin was shown to significantly enhance the therapeutic effect of 5-FU in metastatic colorectal carcinoma.
Modification of quartz surfaces via thiol-disulfide interchange (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTModification of quartz surfaces via thiol-disulfide interchangeJ. K. Yee, D. B. Parry, Karin D. Caldwell, and J. M. HarrisCite this: Langmuir 1991, 7, 2, 307–313Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00050a018https://doi.org/10.1021/la00050a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views542Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Function of bicoid and hunchback homologs in the basal cyclorrhaphan fly Megaselia (Phoridae) (2000)

The Drosophila gene bicoid functions at the beginning of a gene cascade that specifies anterior structures in the embryo. Its transcripts are localized at the anterior pole of the oocyte, giving rise to a Bicoid protein gradient, which regulates the spatially restricted expression of target genes along the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo in a concentration-dependent manner. The morphogen function of Bicoid requires the coactivity of the zinc finger transcription factor Hunchback, which is expressed in a Bicoid-dependent fashion in the anterior half of the embryo. Whereas hunchback is conserved throughout insects, bicoid homologs are known only from cyclorrhaphan flies. Thus far, identification of hunchback and bicoid homologs rests only on sequence comparison. In this study, we used double-stranded RNA interference (RNAi) to address the function of bicoid and hunchback homologs in embryos of the lower cyclorrhaphan fly Megaselia abdita (Phoridae). Megaselia-hunchback RNAi causes hunchback-like phenotypes as observed in Drosophila, but Megaselia-bicoid RNAi causes phenotypes different from corresponding RNAi experiments in Drosophila and bicoid mutant embryos. Megaselia-bicoid is required not only for the head and thorax but also for the development of four abdominal segments. This difference between Megaselia and Drosophila suggests that the range of functional bicoid activity has been reduced in higher flies.
Procedural Primitives in a High Performance, Hardware Accelerated, Z-Buffer Renderer (1997)

In the past, very few types of primitives have been directly supported by graphics accelerators, in spite of the fact that a great variety of complex primitives are routinely used for high-quality rendering. We explore the issues associated with the support of arbitrary procedural primitives, and describe a machine-independent language as well as an extension to OpenGL designed to support userdefined procedural primitives. We have created a prototype implementation on PixelFlow, a highperformance graphics accelerator.
Sequence analysis, transcriptional organization, and insertional mutagenesis of the envA gene of Escherichia coli (1987)

The Escherichia coli cell permeability-cell separation gene envA and the region immediately downstream were sequenced. The envA gene consisted of 305 codons which encoded a 34-kilodalton polypeptide that lacked a signal sequence and hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions. The envA1 mutation was determined to be a missense mutation in codon 19 resulting in a change in the amino acid sequence from histidine to tyrosine. Located 299 base pairs downstream of the envA gene was an unidentified open reading frame consisting of 147 codons. This open reading frame was followed by an additional open reading frame starting 59 base pairs further downstream and corresponded to the secA gene. A transcription terminator was located just downstream of envA on a fragment that contained a sequence corresponding to a typical rho-independent terminator. Transcription of envA and the upstream fts genes terminated at this terminator and was probably uncoupled from the downstream genes, including secA. Gene disruption experiments indicated that the envA gene was an essential gene.
Orientation and Relative Reaction Rate Factors in Aromatic Substitution by the Benzenesulfonimido Radical (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrientation and Relative Reaction Rate Factors in Aromatic Substitution by the Benzenesulfonimido RadicalJames F. Heacock and Marvin T. EdmisonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 13, 3460–3463Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01498a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01498a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views168Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optimal training for MIMO frequency-selective fading channels (2005)

High data rates give rise to frequency-selective propagation effects. Space-time multiplexing and/or coding offer attractive means of combating fading and boosting capacity of multi-antenna communications. As the number of antennas increases, channel estimation becomes challenging because the number of unknowns increases, and the power is split at the transmitter. Optimal training sequences have been designed for flat-fading multi-antenna systems or for frequency-selective single transmit antenna systems. We design a low-complexity optimal training scheme for block transmissions over frequency-selective channels with multiple antennas. The optimality in designing our training schemes consists of maximizing a lower bound on the ergodic (average) capacity that is shown to be equivalent to minimizing the mean square error of the linear channel estimator. Simulation results confirm our theoretical analysis that applies to both single- and multicarrier transmissions.