gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Backtracking in a multiple-window hypertext environment (1994)

Multi-window interfaces allow users to work on logically independent taks simultaneously in different sets of windows and to move among these logical tasks at will (e.g., through selecting a window in a different task). Hypertext backtracking should be able to treat each logical task separately. Combining all traversals in a single chronological history log would violate the user's mental model and cause disorientation. In this paper we introduce task-based backtracking, a technique for backtracking within the various logical tasks a user may be working on at any given time. We present a preliminary algorithm for its implementation. We also discuss several ramifications of multi-window backtracking including the types of events history logs must record, deleting nodes from history logs that appear in multiple logical tasks, and in general the choices hypermedia designers face in multi-window environments.
Aspects of the InfiniBand architecture (2001)

The InfiniBand Architecture (IBA) is a new industry-standard architecture for server I/O and inter-server communication. It was developed by the InfiniBandSM Trade Association (IBTA) to provide the levels of reliability, availability, performance, and scalability necessary for present and future server systems, levels significantly better than can be achieved with bus-oriented I/O structures. This paper provides a brief description of IBA.
Ganglioside antigens expressed by human cancer cells. (1991)

Gangliosides are normal cell surface components of all animal cells. Altered ganglioside biosynthesis during malignant transformation results in expression of a qualitatively and quantitatively different ganglioside profile in many tumors. While their physiological function is largely unclear, gangliosides expressed by cancer cells, e.g. GD3, GD2 and GM2 in malignant melanoma, have proven to be suitable targets for passive immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies and for active immunotherapy with vaccines. Studies aimed at further augmenting the effectiveness of these approaches are currently underway.
Cellular Cholesterol Efflux Mediated by Cyclodextrins (1996)

The efflux of cholesterol from cells in culture to cyclodextrin acceptors has been reported to be substantially more rapid than efflux induced by other known acceptors of cholesterol (Kilsdonk, E. P. C., Yancey, P., Stoudt, G., Bangerter, F. W., Johnson, W. J., Phillips, M. C., and Rothblat, G. H. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 17250-17256). In this study, we compared the kinetics of cholesterol efflux from cells with 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrins and with discoidal high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles to probe the mechanisms governing the remarkably rapid rates of cyclodextrin-mediated efflux. The rate of cholesterol efflux was enhanced by shaking cells growing in a monolayer and further enhanced by placing cells in suspension to achieve maximal efflux rates. The extent of efflux was dependent on cyclodextrin concentration, and maximal efflux was observed at concentrations >50 mM. For several cell types, biexponential kinetics of cellular cholesterol efflux were observed, indicating the existence of two kinetic pools of cholesterol: a fast pool (half-time (t1/2) approximately 19-23 s) and a slow pool with t1/2 of 15-30 min. Two distinct kinetic pools of cholesterol were also observed with model membranes (large unilamellar cholesterol-containing vesicles), implying that the cellular pools are in the plasma membrane. Cellular cholesterol content was altered by incubating cells with solutions of cyclodextrins complexed with increasing levels of cholesterol. The number of kinetic pools was unaffected by raising the cellular cholesterol content, but the size of the fast pool increased. After depleting cells of the fast pool of cholesterol, this pool was completely restored after a 40-min recovery period. The temperature dependence of cyclodextrin-mediated cholesterol efflux from cells and model membranes was compared; the activation energies were 7 kcal/mol and 2 kcal/mol, respectively. The equivalent activation energy observed with apo-HDL-phospholipid acceptor particles was 20 kcal/mol. It seems that cyclodextrin molecules are substantially more efficient than phospholipid acceptors, because cholesterol molecules desorbing from a membrane surface can diffuse directly into the hydrophobic core of a cyclodextrin molecule without having to desorb completely into the aqueous phase before being sequestered by the acceptor.
Restart Signaling for Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) (2004)

This document describes a mechanism for a restarting router to signal
to its neighbors that it is restarting, allowing them to reestablish
their adjacencies without cycling through the down state, while still
correctly initiating database synchronization. This document
additionally describes a mechanism for a restarting router to
determine when it has achieved LSP database synchronization with its
neighbors and a mechanism to optimize LSP database synchronization,
while minimizing transient routing disruption when a router starts.
This memo provides information for the Internet community.
Urethane protected amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides and their use in peptide synthesis (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUrethane protected amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides and their use in peptide synthesisWilliam D. Fuller, Michael P. Cohen, Mitra Shabankareh, Robert K. Blair, Murray Goodman, and Fred R. NaiderCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 20, 7414–7416Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00176a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00176a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1649Altmetric-Citations107LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of techniques for immunofluorescent staining of microtubules in cultured plant cells. (1985)

Various modifications to the immunofluorescent labeling procedures for microtubules in plant cells have been compared using cell cultures of Vicia hajastana Grossh. Using serial section electron microscopic reconstructions as a reference, we have chosen as our standard procedure a method that maximizes both the preservation of the cytoskeleton and the proportion of cells staining, while minimizing the degree of nonspecific staining. The critical steps of the procedure include stabilization of the cytoskeleton, cell wall permeabilization, and cell extraction. To maintain structural integrity during the procedure, it is necessary to stabilize the cytoskeleton with paraformaldehyde. To facilitate antibody penetration into the cell, it was necessary that the walls be made permeable via partial enzymatic digestion. Detergent extraction of cells increased the proportion of cells staining and decreased the level of nonspecific binding of the antibodies. The procedures detailed in this article provide a good starting point for the application of immunofluorescent labeling techniques to other plant systems.
Review of Patient Safety in Time-Varying Gradient Fields (2000)

In magnetic resonance, time-varying gradient magnetic fields (dB/dt) may stimulate nerves or muscles by inducing electric fields in patients. Models predicted mean peripheral nerve and cardiac stimulation thresholds. For gradient ramp durations of less than a few milliseconds, mean peripheral nerve stimulation is a safe indicator of high dB/dt. At sufficient amplitudes, peripheral nerve stimulation is perceptible (ie, tingling or tapping sensations). Magnetic fields from simultaneous gradient axes combine almost as a vector sum to produce stimulation. Patients may become uncomfortable at amplitudes 50%–100% above perception thresholds. In dogs, respiratory stimulation has been induced at about 300% of mean peripheral nerve thresholds. Cardiac stimulation has been induced in dogs by small gradient coils at thresholds near Reilly's predictions. Cardiac stimulation required nearly 80 times the energy needed to produce nerve stimulation in dogs. Nerve and cardiac stimulation thresholds for dogs were unaffected by 1.5-T magnetic fields. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2000;12:20–29. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
ES07.02  The human leucocyte antigen (HLA) system (2004)

Since the discovery of the HLA system, over 40 years ago, we now have an understanding of the role of HLA molecules in the adaptive immune response, as well as in the alloimmune response experienced when foreign HLA is introduced into an individual via transplant, transfusion or pregnancy. Retrospective studies in the 1970s and 1980s illustrated the importance of matching for HLA antigens in transplantation and platelet transfusion. The huge degree of polymorphism in the system has driven the development of sensitive HLA typing and HLA antibody screening methods in H & I laboratories in order to improve transplant and transfusion outcomes.
CCR2 expression correlates with prostate cancer progression (2007)

Although the primary role of chemokines and their receptors is controlling the trafficking of leukocytes during inflammatory responses, they also play pleoitropic roles in cancer development. There is emerging evidence that cancer cells produce chemokines that induce tumor cell proliferation or chemotaxis in various cancer types. We have previously reported that MCP-1 acts as a paracrine and autocrine factor for prostate cancer (PCa) growth and invasion. As the cellular effects of MCP-1 are mediated by CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), we hypothesized that CCR2 may contribute PCa progression. Accordingly, we first determined CCR2 mRNA and protein expression in various cancer cell lines, including PCa and other cancer types. All cells expressed CCR2 mRNA and protein, but in PCa, more aggressive cancer cells such as C4-2B, DU145, and PC3 expressed a higher amount of CCR2 compared with the less aggressive cancer cells such as LNCaP or non-neoplastic PrEC and RWPE-1 cells. Further, we found a positive correlation between CCR2 expression and PCa progression by analyzing an ONCOMINE gene array database. We confirmed that CCR2 mRNA was highly expressed in PCa metastatic tissues compared with the localized PCa or benign prostate tissues by real-time RT-PCR. Finally, CCR2 protein expression was examined by immunohistochemical staining on tissue microarray specimens from 96 PCa patients and 31 benign tissue controls. We found that CCR2 expression correlated with Gleason score and clinical pathologic stages, whereas lower levels of CCR2 were expressed in normal prostate tissues. These results suggest that CCR2 may contribute to PCa development.
Changes in Cytoskeletal Protein Composition Indicative of an Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Human Micrometastatic and Primary Breast Carcinoma Cells (2005)

Micrometastatic cancer cells exhibit marked changes in the expression pattern of cytoskeletal proteins indicative of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition. This phenotypical change could already be detected in primary tumors and is associated with the aggressive behavior of breast cancer cells in vivo.
Climatic Response Surfaces from Pollen Data for Some Eastern North American Taxa (1986)

Patrick J. Bartlein, I. Colin Prentice, Thompson Webb, III, Climatic Response Surfaces from Pollen Data for Some Eastern North American Taxa, Journal of Biogeography, Vol. 13, No. 1 (Jan., 1986), pp. 35-57
Lignification: are Lignins Biosynthesized via simple Combinatorial Chemistry or via Proteinaceous Control and Template Replication? (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The current theory Is there a need for a new theory? Are criticisms of the current theory valid? Is there anything wrong with the dirigent hypothesis? Why the new hypothesis is not in contention Is lignification a biochemical anomaly? Summary comments on the dirigent/replication hypothesis Conclusions Notes References
A low-noise differential microphone inspired by the ears of the parasitoid fly Ormia ochracea (2009)

A miniature differential microphone is described having a low-noise floor. The sensitivity of a differential microphone suffers as the distance between the two pressure sensing locations decreases, resulting in an increase in the input sound pressure-referred noise floor. In the microphone described here, both the diaphragm thermal noise and the electronic noise are minimized by a combination of novel diaphragm design and the use of low-noise optical sensing that has been integrated into the microphone package. The differential microphone diaphragm measures 1 x 2 mm(2) and is fabricated out of polycrystalline silicon. The diaphragm design is based on the coupled directionally sensitive ears of the fly Ormia ochracea. The sound pressure input-referred noise floor of this miniature differential microphone has been measured to be less than 36 dBA.
Controlled release of bioactive doxorubicin from microspheres embedded within gelatin scaffolds (2006)

We have encapsulated the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin into biodegradable polymer microspheres, and incorporated these microspheres into gelatin scaffolds, resulting in a controlled delivery system. Doxorubicin was encapsulated in poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) using a double emulsion/solvent extraction method. Characterization of the microspheres including diameter, surface morphology, and in vitro drug release was determined. The release of doxorubicin up to 30 days in phosphate buffered solution was assessed by measuring the absorbance of the releasate solution. Gelatin scaffolds were crosslinked using glutaraldehyde and microspheres were added to gelatin during gelation. The murine mammary mouse tumor cell line, 4T1, was treated with various doses of doxorubicin. A propidium iodide assay was utilized to visualize dead cells. Using a Transwell basket assay, PLGA microspheres and gelatin constructs were suspended above 4T1 cells for 48 h. Viable cells were determined using the CyQUANT cell proliferation assay. Results indicate that the release was controlled by the incorporation of PLGA microspheres into gelatin constructs. A significant difference was seen in the cumulative release over days 5-16 (p < 0.05). The bioactivity of doxorubicin released from the microspheres and scaffolds was maintained as proven by significant reduction in viable cells after treatment with PLGA microspheres as well as with the gelatin constructs (p < 0.001). The drug-polymer conjugate can be used as a controlled drug delivery system in a biocompatible scaffold that could potentially promote preservation of soft tissue contour.
Settling Rates and Sediment Volumes of Flocculated Kaolin Suspensions (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSettling Rates and Sediment Volumes of Flocculated Kaolin SuspensionsA. S. Michaels and J. C. BolgerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamen. 1962, 1, 1, 24–33Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i160001a004https://doi.org/10.1021/i160001a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2502Altmetric-Citations365LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
ITS-RFLP Matching for Identification of Fungi (2003)

Fungi are an incredibly diverse and nearly ubiquitous group of eukaryotes. Estimates put their numbers higher than 1.6 million species (1). They have been identified traditionally by morphological differences in their sexual or asexual reproductive structures. However, such structures are often not produced at times and places in which one might want to identify a particular fungus. This combination of diversity, omnipresence, small size, and missing structures makes the fungi ideal candidates for polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based identification methods.
Antibody Arrays Prepared by Cutinase-Mediated Immobilization on Self-Assembled Monolayers (2004)

Antibody arrays hold considerable potential in a variety of applications including proteomics research, drug discovery, and diagnostics. Many of the schemes used to fabricate the arrays fail to immobilize the antibodies at a uniform density or in a single orientation; consequently, the immobilized antibodies recognize their antigens with variable efficiency. This paper describes a strategy to immobilize antibodies in a single orientation, with a controlled density, using the covalent interaction between cutinase and its suicide substrate. Protein fusions between cutinase and five antibodies of three different types (scFv, V(HH), and FN3) were prepared and immobilized upon self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) presenting a phosphonate capture ligand. The immobilized antibodies exhibit high affinity and selectivity for their target antigens, as monitored by surface plasmon resonance and fluorescence scanning. Furthermore, by changing the density of capture ligand on the SAM the density of the immobilized antibody could be controlled. The monolayers, which also present a tri(ethylene glycol) group, are inert to nonspecific adsorption of proteins and allow the detection of a specific antigen in a complex mixture. The demonstration of cutinase-directed antibody immobilization with insert SAMs provides a straightforward and robust method for preparing antibody chips.
<title>Enhanced blood compatibility of silicon coated with a self-assembled poly(ethylene glycol) and monomethoxypoly(ethylene glycol)</title> (1998)

Silicon biomedical microdevices generally require surface modifications to improve their biocompatibility. ONe of the challenges in the field is the development of molecular coatings for devices with nanofeatures.In this paper we report the results of our investigation of synthetic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and monomethoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG) coatings incorporating functional groups that in turn immobilize self-assembled monolayers. The properties of the modified surfaces were characterized by ellipsometry and scanning electron microscopy. Protein adsorption as well as platelet adhesion to the treated surfaces were studied to evaluate the non-fouling property of the PEG-enriched surface layers. Both PEG- and MPEG-modified surfaces showed significant suppression in plasma protein adsorption and platelet adhesion.
Fe2+/Fe3+substitution in hydroxyapatite: Theory and experiment (2002)

Electron paramagnetic resonance, M\"ossbauer spectroscopy, and electronic structure calculations were combined in order to study the local geometry of ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{2+}/{\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$ in Fe-doped hydroxyapatite. Atomistic simulations were carried out to obtain estimates of local geometry and lattice strain associated with fourfold, fivefold, and sixfold Fe sites. First-principles embedded cluster density functional calculations were performed to investigate the electronic structure associated with the substitution of calcium by ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{2+}/{\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}.$ M\"ossbauer isomer shift, quadrupole splitting, and the hyperfine magnetic field were calculated for each site and local coordination, for comparison to an experimental fit to a five-line model consisting of two bulk sites each for ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{2+}$ and ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$ and a surface hematitelike ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$ species.
Ordered silicon nanowire arrays via nanosphere lithography and metal-induced etching (2007)

Two-dimensional silica colloidal crystal template is used to create metal nanohole arrays on a silicon surface, which enables the controlled fabrication of aligned silicon nanowire (SiNW) arrays via metal catalytic etching. By varying the size of silica colloidal crystals, aligned arrays of SiNWs with desirable diameter and density could be obtained. The formation of ordered SiNW arrays is due to selective and anisotropic etching of silicon induced by the silver pattern. The orientation of SiNW arrays is influenced by silver movement in silicon, and the wire axes are primarily along the ⟨100⟩ direction.
Clinical Experience with Human Plasma-Derived Factor VIla in Patients with Hemophilia A and High Titer Inhibitors (1989)

FVIIa purified from human plasma and spontaneously activated during the purification procedure was given to 4 patients with hemophilia A and inhibitors against FVIII:C in association with joint bleeds. A dose of 9-20 micrograms/kg b.w. (700-1,000 U/kg b.w.) seemed to be hemostatically active in moderate to severe joint bleeds. Plasma levels of FVII of 5-7 U/ml were achieved and recoveries varied between 17 and 66%. The lower recovery rates of 17-39% were all found in 1 of the patients. No immediate side effects were seen. Neither were any signs of a systemic activation of the coagulation system observed. It is concluded that highly purified FVIIa may be useful in the treatment of hemophilia A patients with inhibitors against FVIII:C.