gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification of the inducible murine macrophage nitric oxide synthase. Identification as a flavoprotein. (1991)

The synthesis of nitric oxide (.NO) from L-arginine has been demonstrated in a number of cell types and functions either as a cell signaling agent or as a key component of the cell-mediated immune response. Both constitutive and inducible activities have been described. Herein we report the purification of inducible .NO synthase (EC 1.14.23) from activated murine macrophages using a two-column procedure. Crude 100,000 x g supernatant was passed through a 2'-5'-ADP-Sepharose 4B affinity column followed by a DEAE-Bio-Gel A anion exchange column. The .NO synthase ran as a band of Mr = 130,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Gel filtration experiments using a Superose 6 HR 10/30 column estimated the native molecular weight to be 260 +/- 30 kDa, indicating that the native enzyme exists as a dimer. Activity was dependent upon L-arginine (Km = 16 +/- 1 microM at 37 degrees C and pH 7.5) and NADPH. Both (6R)-tetrahydro-L-biopterin and FAD enhanced activity, whereas Mg2+ and FMN had no effect on activity. Fluorescence studies demonstrated the presence of one bound FAD and one bound FMN per subunit.
Short Term Efficacy of Applied Electric Fields in the Repair of the Damaged Rodent Spinal Cord: Behavioral and Morphological Results (1988)

The short term effects of electric fields applied exogenously to the contused rat spinal cord were studied in a blind experiment. A DC field using 3 μA was applied to the dorsal cord when the lesion was made, and rats were behaviorally tested weekly for up to 3 weeks on an inclined plane. The results show that the “cathode rostral” orientation group of animals performed statistically significantly better on the inclined plane than either the “anode rostral” or the “no current” group. Counts of axons in the dorsal funiculi rostral to the lesion in the “cathode rostral” group were statistically significantly greater than in other groups. The greater number of axons rostral to the lesion site coupled with the superior behavioral performance of the “cathode rostral” group suggest that this treatment may provide an environment suitable for axonal growth and can facilitate functional recovery in the damaged mammalian spinal cord. (Neurosurgery 23:582-588, 1988)
MR Imaging with Hyperpolarized 3He Gas (1995)

Magnetic resonance images of the lungs of a guinea pig have been produced using hyperpolarized helium as the source of the MR signal. The resulting images are not yet sufficiently optimized to reveal fine structural detail within the lung, but the spectacular signal from this normally signal-deficient organ system offers great promise for eventual in vivo imaging experiments. Fast 2D and 3D GRASS sequences with very small flip angles were employed to conserve the norenewable longitudinal magnetization. We discuss various unique features associated with performing MRI with hyperpolarized gases, such as the selection of the noble gas species, polarization technique, and constraints on the MR pulse sequence.
Chlorpromazine and apigenin reduce adenovirus replication and decrease replication associated toxicity (2006)

Chlorpromazine and apigenin might reduce the replication of adenovirus, which could provide a safety switch in case replication-associated side effects are encountered in patients. In addition, these substances could be useful for the treatment of systemic adenoviral infections in immunosuppressed patients.
Sensory neuropathy with low‐dose pyridoxine (1985)

We describe 16 patients with neuropathy associated with pyridoxine abuse. The clinical picture of a pure sensory central-peripheral distal axonopathy was consistent. Pyridoxine dose was 0.2 to 5 g/d, and duration of consumption before symptoms was inversely proportional to the daily intake. In all patients with adequate follow-up, improvement followed discontinuation of pyridoxine. The ready availability of up to 1-gram tablets makes it likely that this neuropathy will continue to be seen.
Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Mediates Cross-talk with Thyroid Hormone Receptor by Competition for Retinoid X Receptor (1995)

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) and thyroid hormone receptors (TR) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, which regulate lipid metabolism and tissue differentiation. In order to bind to DNA and activate transcription, PPAR requires the formation of heterodimers with the retinoid X receptor (RXR). In addition to activating transcription through its own response elements, PPAR is able to selectively down-regulate the transcriptional activity of TR, but not vitamin D receptor. The molecular basis of this functional interaction has not been fully elucidated. By means of site-directed mutagenesis of hPPAR alpha we mapped its inhibitory action on TR to a leucine zipper-like motif in the ligand binding domain of PPAR, which is highly conserved among all subtypes of this receptor and mediates heterodimerization with RXR. Replacement of a single leucine by arginine at position 433 of hPPAR alpha (L433R) abolished heterodimerization of PPAR with RXR and consequently its trans-activating capacity. However, a similar mutation of a leucine residue to arginine at position 422 showed no alteration of heterodimerization, DNA binding, or transcriptional activation. The dimerization deficient mutant L433R was no longer able to inhibit TR action, demonstrating that the selective inhibitory effect of PPAR results from the competition for RXR as well as possibly for other TR-auxiliary proteins. In contrast, abolition of DNA binding by a mutation in the P-box of PPAR (C122S) did not eliminate the inhibition of TR trans-activation, indicating that competition for DNA binding is not involved. Additionally, no evidence for the formation of PPAR:TR heterodimers was found in co-immunoprecipitation experiments. In summary, we have demonstrated that PPAR selectively inhibits the transcriptional activity of TRs by competition for RXR and possibly non-RXR TR-auxiliary proteins. In contrast, this functional interaction is independent of the formation of PPAR:TR heterodimers or competition for DNA binding.
Sex steroid induced changes on the morphology of prostate of sprague-dawley rats (2007)

The effects of combined administration of ethinylestradiol (E) and testosterone (T) were studied in castrated Sprague-Dawley rats. The hormones E and T were administered three times weekly on alternate days, subcutaneously in the inguinal region for 4 weeks, 30 days after castration. E- treated animals received injections of 3 �g/kg body weight (B.W), T- treated animals received 30 mg/kg B.W., combined testosterone and ethinylestradiol (T & E) - treated animals received injections of 30 mg/kg B.W. of T and 2 �g/kg B.W. of E. Control animals - were in two groups, castrated and intact both received injections of 5 ml/kg B.W. of normal saline. i) The T-treated prostate weight was significantly higher than in castrated control (P<0.05). (ii) The E- alone treated prostate weight was not significantly different from castrated control (P b0.05). iii) The combined T and E-treated prostate weight was significantly higher than in castrated control (P<0.05). Morphological findings: in the combined T and Etreated, the amount of connective tissue was well marked, there was an increase in the thickness of the epithelium and the size of the oval acini, relative to T-alone treated or the intact control. E-alone did not elicit any appreciable effect on the prostate, different from the castrated control. This finding demonstrates a synergistic effect of E on the prostate when administered along with T and also suggests that E may be involved in the pathophysiology of the abnormal enlargement of prostate gland.
Size and Surface Charge Effect of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Containing Liposomes on Photodynamic Therapy for Cultivated Cancer Cells (2005)

5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-containing liposomes having various average diameters and/or positive surface charges were prepared, and their photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy for murine thymic lymphoma cells, EL-4 cells, cultivated in vitro was investigated. The PDT efficacy for EL-4 cells and the accumulation of ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in the cells increased with a decrease in the average diameter of liposomes. In particular, the ALA-containing liposomes smaller than 63.5 nm in diameter promoted the PDT efficacy in comparison with that of ALA alone. We also found no significant changes in PDT efficacy and PpIX accumulation with increasing positive surface charges of liposomes.
Serum amyloid A (SAA): Biochemistry, genetics and the pathogenesis of AA amyloidosis (1994)

Serum amyloid A (apoSAA) is a polymorphic protein encoded by a family of SAA genes in which new members continue to be identi3ed. Those isoforms or allelic forms that are precursors for the amyloidfibril protein A(AA) in reactive (secondary) amyloidosis, are among the acute phase or regulated apoSAA apoproteins complexed with high densig lipoprotein (HDL); other isoforms are expressed constitutively. The chieffunction of apoSAA, which is a well conserved protein found in birds and mammals, has probably not yet been disclosed, but is thought to be part of the host response to infections and tissue damage. Structural and functional aspects of apoSAA. and its role in AA amyloidosis are complex due to the presence of multiple isoforms. Most species appear to possess two main acute phase apoSAA isoforms of hepatic origin in their serum (apoSAA1 and apoSAA2 and a third form that has predominant extrahepatic expression (apoSAA3) A single constitutive isoform, apoSAA5 has been identijied in human and apoSAA, has been described in BALB/c mice. Thus, apoSAA proteins can be regarded or subclassified as either acute phase reactants (regulated apoSAA also termed A-SAA) or constitutive proteins (C-SAA).
Vehicle control by computer vision (1992)

A method is described for guiding an autonomous vehicle along roadways based on visual signals. The vehicle follows a white guideline on a flat road sensed by a computer-controlled display (CCD) camera. The camera, mounted behind the windscreen of the vehicle, looks forward and down, detecting an area between 5 and 25 m ahead. An image processor (based on Transputers T800) scans the image for the borderline of the road. The line coordinates detected by the image processor are transmitted via transputer links to another transputer network. The implemented algorithm uses geometric coordinate-transformation and a dynamical model (Kalman filter) to identify the road curvature ahead and the relative position of the vehicle on the road. The reference angle for the electrical steering servo is computed from the lateral deviation, the yaw-angle deviation, the road-curvature, and the velocity of the vehicle. Altogether, it takes about 70 ms per image for recognition and control. Results for an experimental system are reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Light-Emitting Polymers with Pendant Chromophoric Groups. 1. Poly(stilbenyl-p-methoxystyrene) (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLight-Emitting Polymers with Pendant Chromophoric Groups. 1. Poly(stilbenyl-p-methoxystyrene)M. Aguiar, F. E. Karasz, and L. AkcelrudCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 13, 4598–4602Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00117a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00117a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views151Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Napkin sketch (2008)

This paper describes, Napkin Sketch, a 3D sketching interface which attempts to support sketch-based artistic expression in 3D, mimicking some of the qualities of conventional sketching media and tools both in terms of physical properties and interaction experience. A portable tablet PC is used as the sketching platform, and handheld mixed reality techniques are employed to allow 3D sketches to be created on top of a physical napkin. Intuitive manipulation and navigation within the 3D design space is achieved by visually tracking the tablet PC with a camera and mixed reality markers. For artistic expression using sketch input, we improve upon the projective 3D sketching approach with a one stroke sketch plane definition technique. This coupled with the hardware setup produces a natural and fluid sketching experience.
Phylogenetic Analysis of an Anaerobic, Trichlorobenzene-Transforming Microbial Consortium (1999)

A culture-independent phylogenetic survey for an anaerobic trichlorobenzene-transforming microbial community was carried out. Small-subunit rRNA genes were PCR amplified from community DNA by using primers specific for Bacteria or Euryarchaeota and were subsequently cloned. Application of a new hybridization-based screening approach revealed 51 bacterial clone families, one of which was closely related to dechlorinating Dehalobacter species. Several clone sequences clustered to rDNA sequences obtained from a molecular study of an anaerobic aquifer contaminated with hydrocarbons and chlorinated solvents (Dojka et al., Appl. Env. Microbiol. 64:3869-3877, 1998).
Twenty-Year Follow-up of a Randomized Trial Comparing Total Mastectomy, Lumpectomy, and Lumpectomy plus Irradiation for the Treatment of Invasive Breast Cancer (2002)

Lumpectomy followed by breast irradiation continues to be appropriate therapy for women with breast cancer, provided that the margins of resected specimens are free of tumor and an acceptable cosmetic result can be obtained.
A chemokine receptor antagonist inhibits experimental breast tumor growth. (2003)

The leukocyte infiltrate of human and murine epithelial cancers is regulated by chemokine production in the tumor microenvironment. In this article, we tested the hypothesis that chemokine receptor antagonists may have anticancer activity by inhibiting this infiltrate. We first characterized CC chemokines, chemokine receptors, and the leukocyte infiltrate in the 410.4 murine model of breast cancer. We found that CCL5 (RANTES) was produced by the tumor cells, and its receptors, CCR1 and CCR5, were expressed by the leukocyte infiltrate. As Met-CCL5 is an antagonist of CCR1 and CCR5 with activity in models of inflammatory disease, we tested its activity against 410.4 tumors. After 5 weeks of daily treatment with Met-CCL5, the volume and weight of 410.4 tumors was significantly decreased compared with control-treated tumors. Met-CCL5 was also active against established tumors. The total cell number obtained after collagenase digestion was decreased in Met-CCL5-treated tumors as was the proportion of infiltrating macrophages. Furthermore, chemokine antagonist treatment increased stromal development and necrosis. Our results provide direct evidence that macrophages contribute to tumor development and are the first indication that chemokine receptor antagonists may provide novel strategies in cancer prevention and treatment.
β-Amyloid and the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (1991)

SIXTY to 80 percent of cases of dementia among persons over the age of 65 are caused by Alzheimer's disease. Most of the remainder are caused by cerebrovascular disease with multiple infarcts, and a smaller proportion are due to tumors, infections (e.g., infection with the human immunodeficiency virus), metabolic disorders, depression ("pseudodementia"), and the less common neurodegenerative diseases, including Pick's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and Huntington's disease.1 2 3 Alzheimer's disease has been estimated to afflict 5 to 11 percent of the population over the age of 65 and as much as 47 percent of the population over the age of 85. . . .
Construction of mutant and chimeric genes using the polymerase chain reaction (1989)

In the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) the specific amplification of a small segment of DNA within a complex DNA sample is effected by repeated cycles of DNA denaturation and enzymatic synthesis primed by two oligonucleotides complementary to regions within opposite strands of the DNA. In this report a simple and efficient method is described in which PCR methodology is used to introduce specific mutations into a double stranded DNA molecule. In this procedure a supercoiled plasmid DNA serves as template for a PCR in which a primer bearing the mutated sequence is incorporated into the amplified product. The presence of convenient restriction sites in the mutagenic primer and in the amplified DNA permit direct replacement of a wild type DNA segment with the mutated segment by treating the PCR mixture with the appropriate restriction endonucleases followed by DNA ligase. Using this procedure, a single amino acid replacement, a 16 amino acid deletion and a replacement of four amino acids with a twelve amino acid segment from another membrane protein were introduced into the amino terminal signal segment of rat hepatic cytochrome P450b (P450IIB1).
Benzopyrans Are Selective Estrogen Receptor β Agonists with Novel Activity in Models of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (2006)

Benzopyran selective estrogen receptor beta agonist-1 (SERBA-1) shows potent, selective binding and agonist function in estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) in vitro assays. X-ray crystal structures of SERBA-1 in ERalpha and beta help explain observed beta-selectivity of this ligand. SERBA-1 in vivo demonstrates involution of the ventral prostate in CD-1 mice (ERbeta effect), while having no effect on gonadal hormone levels (ERalpha effect) at 10x the efficacious dose, consistent with in vitro properties of this molecule.
Manipulating the mammalian genome by homologous recombination (2001)

Gene targeting in mammalian cells has proven invaluable in biotechnology, in studies of gene structure and function, and in understanding chromosome dynamics. It also offers a potential tool for gene-therapeutic applications. Two limitations constrain the current technology: the low rate of homologous recombination in mammalian cells and the high rate of random (nontargeted) integration of the vector DNA. Here we consider possible ways to overcome these limitations within the framework of our present understanding of recombination mechanisms and machinery. Several studies suggest that transient alteration of the levels of recombination proteins, by overexpression or interference with expression, may be able to increase homologous recombination or decrease random integration, and we present a list of candidate genes. We consider potentially beneficial modifications to the vector DNA and discuss the effects of methods of DNA delivery on targeting efficiency. Finally, we present work showing that gene-specific DNA damage can stimulate local homologous recombination, and we discuss recent results with two general methodologies—chimeric nucleases and triplex-forming oligonucleotides—for stimulating recombination in cells.
Distribution of Shijimiacoides rita, especially S.r. rota and S.r. coloradensis (Lycaenidae) (1977)

From a study of Shijimiaeoides ( =Philotes ) recently com pleted (Shields, 1975, and in press), there are a series of fairly discrete, allopatric S. rita (Barnes & McDunnough) subspecies that appear to gradually intergrade into one another at the perimeter of their ranges. This cline is expressed through pheno type, valve teeth counts, and foodplant preferences. I.e., S. rita emmeli Shields grades into S. r. coloradensis (Mattoni) and S. r. rita on the east and south and S. r. pallescens (Tilden & Downey) on the west, and S. r. pallescens grades into S. r
Gene expression profiling of the functionally distinct human bone marrow stromal cell lines HS-5 and HS-27a (2002)

Two human stromal cell lines, HS-5 and HS-27a, represent functionally distinct components of the bone marrow microenvironment.[1][1] [2][2] HS-27a supports cobblestone area formation by early hematopoietic progenitors, whereas HS-5 secretes multiple cytokines that support the proliferation of
Recombinant Sindbis Viruses Expressing a Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitope of a Malaria Parasite or of Influenza Virus Elicit Protection against the Corresponding Pathogen in Mice (1998)

Subcutaneous administration in mice of recombinant Sindbis viruses expressing a class I major histocompatibility complex-restricted 9-mer epitope of the Plasmodium yoelii circumsporozoite protein or the nucleoprotein of influenza virus induces a large epitope-specific CD8(+) T-cell response. This immunization also elicits a high degree of protection against infection with malaria or influenza A virus.
Clinical system for non-invasive in situ monitoring of gases in the human paranasal sinuses (2009)

We present a portable system for non-invasive, simultaneous sensing of molecular oxygen (O(2)) and water vapor (H(2)O) in the human paranasal cavities. The system is based on high-resolution tunable diode laser spectroscopy (TDLAS) and digital wavelength modulation spectroscopy (dWMS). Since optical interference and non-ideal tuning of the diode lasers render signal processing complex, we focus on Fourier analysis of dWMS signals and procedures for removal of background signals. Clinical data are presented, and exhibit a significant improvement in signal-to-noise with respect to earlier work. The in situ detection limit, in terms of absorption fraction, is about 5x10(-5) for oxygen and 5x10(-4) for water vapor, but varies between patients due to differences in light attenuation. In addition, we discuss the use of water vapor as a reference in quantification of in situ oxygen concentration in detail. In particular, light propagation aspects are investigated by employing photon time-of-flight spectroscopy.
End-to-end Recovery of Human Shape and Pose (2017)

We describe Human Mesh Recovery (HMR), an end-to-end framework for reconstructing a full 3D mesh of a human body from a single RGB image. In contrast to most current methods that compute 2D or 3D joint locations, we produce a richer and more useful mesh representation that is parameterized by shape and 3D joint angles. The main objective is to minimize the reprojection loss of keypoints, which allow our model to be trained using images in-the-wild that only have ground truth 2D annotations. However, the reprojection loss alone leaves the model highly under constrained. In this work we address this problem by introducing an adversary trained to tell whether a human body parameter is real or not using a large database of 3D human meshes. We show that HMR can be trained with and without using any paired 2D-to-3D supervision. We do not rely on intermediate 2D keypoint detections and infer 3D pose and shape parameters directly from image pixels. Our model runs in real-time given a bounding box containing the person. We demonstrate our approach on various images in-the-wild and out-perform previous optimization based methods that output 3D meshes and show competitive results on tasks such as 3D joint location estimation and part segmentation.