gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Occidental Case of Cardiomyopathy and Selenium Deficiency (1981)

SELENIUM is a trace element that until recently has been considered unimportant in human nutrition, except when ingested in excessive amounts.1 During the past decade, Chinese investigators have shown that selenium deficiency is one of the principal factors responsible for Keshan disease, a "dilated" (congestive) cardiomyopathy that affects persons (mainly children and young women) living in rural areas of a selenium-deficient zone in China.2 3 4 This report describes an Occidental patient in whom selenium deficiency became associated with dilated cardiomyopathy.Case ReportA 43-year-old man had been receiving parenteral alimentation for two years (one liter of FreAmine 11 [an amino acid . . .
Evaluation and Management of Severe Asthma (2007)

Severe and difficult-to-treat asthma patients have impaired health status and account for over half of the cost of the disease and probably all of its mortality. Guideline-based treatment for these refractory asthma patients includes high doses of inhaled steroids and long acting beta2-agonists (LABA) as well as additional medication such as theophylline, oral steroids and leukotriene-antagonists. However, management regimens are rarely successful in these patients, the treating physicians are often at a loss and there are still many areas of uncertainty regarding steroid-responsiveness, safety issues and maximal dosing of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and bronchodilators and possible differences between ICS preparations. Furthermore, there are many other classes of medication that have been or are currently tested in severe asthma: Anti - Immunoglobulin E (IgE) seems to have a good clinical effect while results on anti - Interleukin 5 (IL-5) are less promising and anti - tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) treatment is currently being tested in controlled studies. Other steroid sparing drugs (cyclosporine, tacrolimus, methotrexate, gold) have been used but results are unsatisfactory and side-effects are notable so steroids remain the cornerstone of severe asthma treatment. The addition of macrolides is beneficial in many cases and this is in step with the evidence of chronic chlamydia infection in severe asthma. Although there are case reports supporting the use of Immunoglobulin G (IgG), there are no controlled studies supporting this type of treatment. In this report, the authors review the various issues of guideline based therapy but also new approaches that include anti-IgE antibodies, anti-cytokines (anti-IL-5, anti-IL9, anti-TNF).
Trans‐endoscopic Drug Propulsion Therapy (1993)

Abstract: A new endoscopic drug delivery system was developed by the authors. This system allows for drugs in the form of solid pills, grains, and powders to be delivered to target sites using an air gun propulsion system. Following initial in vitro trials, in vivo studies were performed on dogs, using steel pills, grains of activated carbon, and of sucralfate, and bovine thrombin powder. The depth of pill penetration increased linearly with increases in air pressure. The extent of grain distribution increased in relation to the distance from the tip of the endoscope to the target. Propulsion pressures over certain thresholds (which varied according to the materials propelled) produced bleeding in the stomach wall, but no clearly observed ulceration was observed at any of the pressures tested. The targets were adequately covered by the grains and powder. This drug delivery system shows promise for the treatment of malignant lesions, ulcers and bleeding, and other applications where localized delivery, of drugs is indicated.
Malignant insulinoma (2005)

The current study, as well as others, suggested that metastatic insulinoma may have a variable natural history. After the initial surgical resection, the biology of the tumor, rather than any treatment modality, was most likely the major determinant of long-term survival.
Identification of Acyl Protein Thioesterases 1 and 2 as the Cellular Targets of the Ras‐Signaling Modulators Palmostatin B and M (2011)

Finding the target: activity-based proteomic profiling probes based on the depalmitoylation inhibitors palmostatin B and M have been synthesized and were found to target acyl protein thioesterase 1 (APT1) and 2 (APT2) in cells.
PHYSICS WITH THE L3 DETECTOR (1986)

LEP is the largest accelerator under construction today. It is very likely to be the highest energy facility built for elementary particle physics research in this century. Initially, LEP is scheduled to be ready for experiment by 1988, starting at c.m.s. energy $$\sqrt{S}$$ = 100 GeV and gradually reaching $$\sqrt{S}$$ ≈ 180 GeV, above the W+W- pair threshold. By the mid-1900s, the existing LEP may be filled with superconducting magnets to provide a 5 TeV p + 5 TeV p colliding beam accelerator. The large circumference (27 km) of LEP makes it relatively easy both to increase the energy of the e+e-accelerator and to convert it to other types of colliders.
The Preparation of Sugar Polymer-Coated Nanocapsules by the Layer-by-Layer Deposition on the Liposome (2009)

We intended to combine the liposomal preparation and the layer-by-layer deposition to prepare a nanosized capsule. Chitosan (CHI) was deposited to form the cationic polymeric layer onto a negatively charged liposomal surface and further deposition was carried out using anionic polymers dextran sulfate (DXS) or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). zeta-Potentials of nanocapsules changed between positive and negative charges at each deposition. FE-TEM revealed that the liposome remained a spherical shape even after the layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition. The capsule wall showed a dramatic increase in stability against the surfactant Triton X-100 compared to a bare liposome, and the stability was controllable by the adsorption amount of the polymer. These suggest that the polymer multilayer was generated on the liposome surface by the layer-by-layer depositions of polysaccharides. The three kinds of chemical substances with different charges, 1-hydroxy pyrene-3,6,8-trisulfonic acid (HPTS), alendronate, and glucose, were encapsulated into nanocapsules and the release was suppressed by the polymeric capsule wall irrespective of charges. The release from DNA-deposited nanocapsules (liponano-CHI-DNA) was clearly increased by raising temperature from 25 to 60 degrees C. This indicates that the temperature-dependent release was achieved by applying DNA denaturation as a temperature-dependent "switch", which influenced the permeability of the capsule wall.
Blood Clot Initiation by Mesocellular Foams: Dependence on Nanopore Size and Enzyme Immobilization (2008)

Porous silica materials are attractive for hemorrhage control because of their blood clot promoting surface chemistry, the wide variety of surface topologies and porous structures that can be created, and the potential ability to achieve high loading of therapeutic proteins within the silica support. We show that silica cell-window size variation in the nanometers to tens of nanometers range greatly affects the rate at which blood clots are formed in human plasma, indicating that window sizes in this size range directly impact the accessibility and diffusion of clotting-promoting proteins to and from the interior surfaces and pore volume of mesocellular foams (MCFs). These studies point toward a critical window size at which the clotting speed is minimized and serve as a model for the design of more effective wound-dressing materials. We demonstrate that the clotting times of plasma exposed to MCF materials are dramatically reduced by immobilizing thrombin in the pores of the MCF, validating the utility of enzyme-immobilized mesoporous silicas in biomedical applications.
A temporal noise reduction filter based on image sensor full-frame data (2003)

This paper describes a temporal filter aimed at the simultaneous cancellation of fixed pattern noise and temporal noise from image sequences by exploiting all the data provided by a typical image sensor (e.g. CCD/CMOS).
Two Motifs within a Transmembrane Domain, One for Homodimerization and the Other for Heterodimerization (2004)

Protein assembly is a critical process involved in a wide range of cellular events and occurs through extracellular and/or transmembrane domains (TMs). Previous studies demonstrated that a GXXXG motif is crucial for homodimer formation. Here we selected the TMs of ErbB1 and ErbB2 as a model since these receptors function both as homodimers and as heterodimers. Both TMs contain two GXXXG-like motifs located at the C and N termini. The C-terminal motifs were implicated previously in homodimer formation, but the role of the N-terminal motifs was not clear. We used the ToxR system and expressed the TMs of both ErbB1 and ErbB2 containing only the N-terminal GXXXG motifs. The data revealed that the ErbB2 but not the ErbB1 construct formed homodimers. Importantly, a synthetic ErbB1 TM peptide was able to form a heterodimer with ErbB2, by displacing the ErbB2 TM homodimer. The specificity of the interaction was demonstrated by using three controls: (i) Two single mutations within the GXXXG-like motif of the ErbB1 peptide reduced or preserved its activity, in agreement with similar mutations in glycophorin A. (ii) A TM peptide of the bacterial Tar receptor did not assemble with the ErbB2 construct. (iii) The ErbB1 peptide had no effect on the dimerization of a construct containing the TM-1 domain of the Tar receptor. Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that all the peptides localized on the membrane. Furthermore, incubation with the peptides had no effect on bacterial growth and protein expression levels. Our results suggest that the N-terminal GXXXG-like motif of the ErbB1 TM plays a role in heterodimerization with the ErbB2 transmembrane domain. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a transmembrane domain with two distinct recognition motifs, one for homodimerization and the other for heterodimerization.
The synthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid (1958)

Research Article| January 01 1958 The synthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid J. W. Cornforth; J. W. Cornforth 1National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, N.W. 7 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar M. E. Firth; M. E. Firth 1National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, N.W. 7 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar A. Gottschalk A. Gottschalk 2Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1958) 68 (1): 57–61. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0680057 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation J. W. Cornforth, M. E. Firth, A. Gottschalk; The synthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid. Biochem J 1 January 1958; 68 (1): 57–61. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0680057 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1958 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1958 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Droplet-based chemistry on a programmable micro-chip (2004)

We describe the manipulation of aqueous droplets in an immiscible, low-permittivity suspending medium. Such droplets may serve as carriers for not only air- and water-borne samples, contaminants, chemical reagents, viral and gene products, and cells, but also the reagents to process and characterise these samples. We present proofs-of-concept for droplet manipulation through dielectrophoresis by: (1). moving droplets on a two-dimensional array of electrodes, (2). achieving dielectrically-activated droplet injection, (3). fusing and reacting droplets, and (4). conducting a basic biological assay through a combination of these steps. A long-term goal of this research is to provide a platform fluidic processor technology that can form the core of versatile, automated, micro-scale devices to perform chemical and biological assays at or near the point of care, which will increase the availability of modern medicine to people who do not have ready access to modern medical institutions, and decrease the cost and delays associated with that lack of access.
A Facilitative Role for Corticosterone in the Acquisition of a Spatial Task Under Moderate Stress (2004)

Emotionally charged experiences alter memory storage via the activation of hormonal systems. Previously, we have shown that compared with rats trained for a massed spatial learning task in the water maze in warm water (25 degrees C), animals that were trained in cold water (19 degrees C) performed better and showed higher levels of the stress hormone corticosterone. Here, we examined whether manipulating the levels of corticosterone can determine the strength of spatial information acquisition and retention. Rats were injected with metyrapone (25, 50, and 75 mg/kg, i.p.) or with corticosterone (10 and 25 mg/kg, i.p.) and trained in a massed spatial task in either cold (19 degrees C) or warm (25 degrees C) water. We found that whereas animals injected with vehicle performed well in the spatial task in cold water (moderate stress), rats injected with the intermediate metyrapone dose showed impairment in performance. Moreover, whereas animals injected with vehicle on average did not perform well in warm water (mild stress), rats injected with the lower corticosterone dose showed improvement in performance in warm water. These two mirror experiments of corticosterone blockade and enhancement strongly suggest that corticosterone is instrumental in the acquisition and retention of the spatial learning task.
Selective ionophore-based optical sensors for ammonia measurement in air (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective ionophore-based optical sensors for ammonia measurement in airSteven J. West, Satoshi. Ozawa, Kurt. Seiler, Susie S. S. Tan, and Wilhelm. SimonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1992, 64, 5, 533–540Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00029a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00029a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views425Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Assessment of amino‐acid substitutions at tryptophan 16 in α‐galactosidase (2000)

The tryptophan residue at position 16 of coffee bean alpha-galactosidase has previously been shown to be essential for enzyme activity. The potential role of this residue in the catalytic mechanism has been further studied by using site-directed mutagenesis to substitute every other amino acid for tryptophan at that site. Mutant enzymes were expressed in Pichia pastoris, a methylotrophic yeast strain, and their kinetic parameters were calculated. Only amino acids containing aromatic rings (phenylalanine and tyrosine) were able to support a significant amount of enzyme activity, but the kinetics and pH profiles of these mutants differed from wild-type. Substitution of arginine, lysine, methionine, or cysteine at position 16 allowed a small amount of enzyme activity with the optimal pH shifted towards more acidic. All other residues abolished enzyme activity. Our data support the hypothesis that tryptophan 16 is affecting the pKa of a carboxyl group at the active site that participates in catalysis. We also describe an assay for continuously measuring enzyme kinetics using fluorogenic 4-methylumbelliferyl substrates. This is useful in screening enzymes from colonies and determining the enzyme kinetics when the enzyme concentration is not known.
Synthesis of the Pyrrole‐Imidazole Alkaloids (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Breast cancer metastasis to the bone: mechanisms of bone loss (2010)

Breast cancer frequently metastasizes to the skeleton, interrupting the normal bone remodeling process and causing bone degradation. Osteolytic lesions are the end result of osteoclast activity; however, osteoclast differentiation and activation are mediated by osteoblast production of RANKL (receptor activator for NFκB ligand) and several osteoclastogenic cytokines. Osteoblasts themselves are negatively affected by cancer cells as evidenced by an increase in apoptosis and a decrease in proteins required for new bone formation. Thus, bone loss is due to both increased activation of osteoclasts and suppression of osteoblasts. This review summarizes the current understanding of the osteolytic mechanisms of bone metastases, including a discussion of current therapies.
Sucrose Synthase in Developing Maize Leaves (1990)

The maize (Zea mays) leaf is a valuable system to study the sucrose import to sucrose export transition at the cellular level. Rapidly growing and fully heterotrophic cells in the basal part of the young leaf showed a high sucrose synthase (SS) activity. Leaf SS has been purified to homogeneity. By comparison with purified kernel SS isozymes, the leaf SS has been identified as SS(2). SS(1) protein and SS(2) protein were clearly separated by electrophoresis and the two monomers differed in size by 6 kilodaltons. Nevertheless, kinetic parameters of both enzymes were very similar. Immunodetection of SS protein showed that in young heterotrophic tissues SS(2) was a major protein accounting for 3% of the total protein. Concurrent with greening, SS activity decreased and the change of activity was explained by regulation of the protein level. In mature green tissues, which are synthetizing sucrose as evidenced by the presence of sucrose phosphate synthase activity, SS activity was almost completely absent. Results suggested that down regulation of SS(2) enzyme protein level was an early event in the transition from import to export status of the leaf.
The design and implementation of Zap (2002)

We have created Zap, a novel system for transparent migration of legacy and networked applications. Zap provides a thin virtualization layer on top of the operating system that introduces pods, which are groups of processes that are provided a consistent, virtualized view of the system. This decouples processes in pods from dependencies to the host operating system and other processes on the system. By integrating Zap virtualization with a checkpoint-restart mechanism, Zap can migrate a pod of processes as a unit among machines running independent operating systems without leaving behind any residual state after migration. We have implemented a Zap prototype in Linux that supports transparent migration of unmodified applications without any kernel modifications. We demonstrate that our Linux Zap prototype can provide general-purpose process migration functionality with low overhead. Our experimental results for migrating pods used for running a standard user's X windows desktop computing environment and for running an Apache web server show that these kinds of pods can be migrated with subsecond checkpoint and restart latencies.
Emergence of potential biomarkers of response to anti‐angiogenic anti‐tumour agents (2010)

Anti-angiogenic agents targeting tumour vasculature have an established place in clinical practice, and new data are constantly emerging. However, despite rapid clinical uptake, a very large number of questions regarding these agents remain unanswered. One of the main hurdles in clinical practice is lack of accurate and feasible ways of assessing response to drug beyond tumour reduction on conventional imaging. This review summarises recent developments in the field of biomarkers of response to anti-VEGF drugs.
Time Domain Reflectometry for Compaction Quality Control (2000)

Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) is a promising new technology for control of compaction now that a procedure has been developed to include density measurement in addition to water content measurement. The TDR method employs the transmission of electromagnetic waves in a "cable" of known length where soil is the dielectric medium between the leads of the cable. Because the length of the "cable" is known, it is possible to determine the dielectric constant of the soil. The dielectric constant is strongly affected by the water content and density of soil but is relatives unaffected by soil texture and salt content. A simple equation relates dielectric constant to density and water content. By conducting two tests, one insitu, and one on the same soil compacted in a mold, both water content and density can be determined as long as the water content of the two specimens are the same. The testing procedures are straight forward and simple. Specially designed equipment makes the test practical and robust. Examples show that accuracy is quite good. Ongoing work is examining applicability of this method for soils with large particle sizes and for soils with high activity, additives, and stabilizers. This paper also previews some ongoing developments of theoretical modeling that allow for a more complete understanding of electromagnetic wave propagation in soil.
Covariate Shift Adaptation by Importance Weighted Cross Validation (2007)

A common assumption in supervised learning is that the input points in the training set follow the same probability distribution as the input points that will be given in the future test phase. However, this assumption is not satisfied, for example, when the outside of the training region is extrapolated. The situation where the training input points and test input points follow different distributions while the conditional distribution of output values given input points is unchanged is called the covariate shift. Under the covariate shift, standard model selection techniques such as cross validation do not work as desired since its unbiasedness is no longer maintained. In this paper, we propose a new method called importance weighted cross validation (IWCV), for which we prove its unbiasedness even under the covariate shift. The IWCV procedure is the only one that can be applied for unbiased classification under covariate shift, whereas alternatives to IWCV exist for regression. The usefulness of our proposed method is illustrated by simulations, and furthermore demonstrated in the brain-computer interface, where strong non-stationarity effects can be seen between training and test sessions. c2000 Masashi Sugiyama, Matthias Krauledat, and Klaus-Robert Müller.