gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Handbook of Industrial Cell Culture (2003)

Handbook of industrial cell culture , Handbook of industrial cell culture , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
Thrombosed hemodialysis grafts: percutaneous mechanical balloon declotting versus thrombolysis. (1995)

Mechanical declotting of hemodialysis grafts is faster and as effective as thrombolysis.
Microarray comparison of prostate tumor gene expression in African-American and Caucasian American males: a pilot project study (2009)

African American Men are 65% more likely to develop prostate cancer and are twice as likely to die of prostate cancer, than are Caucasian American Males. The explanation for this glaring health disparity is still unknown; although a number of different plausible factors have been offered including genetic susceptibility and gene-environment interactions. We favor the hypothesis that altered gene expression plays a major role in the disparity observed in prostate cancer incidence and mortality between African American and Caucasian American Males. To discover genes or gene expression pattern(s) unique to African American or to Caucasian American Males that explain the observed prostate cancer health disparity in African American males, we conducted a micro array pilot project study that used prostate tumors with a Gleason score of 6. We compared gene expression profiling in tumors from African-American Males to prostate tumors in Caucasian American Males. A comparison of case-matched ratios revealed at least 67 statistically significant genes that met filtering criteria of at least +/- 4.0 fold change and p < 0.0001. Gene ontology terms prevalent in African American prostate tumor/normal ratios relative to Caucasian American prostate tumor/normal ratios included interleukins, progesterone signaling, Chromatin-mediated maintenance and myeloid dendritic cell proliferation. Functional in vitro assays are underway to determine roles that selected genes in these onotologies play in contributing to prostate cancer development and health disparity.
Efficacy and safety of linagliptin added to metformin and sulphonylurea in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: a sub-analysis of data from a randomised clinical trial (2013)

Linagliptin in combination with metformin and sulphonylurea has a favourable safety profile and is an efficacious and well tolerated treatment option for Chinese patients with inadequately controlled T2DM. Reduction of sulphonylurea dose should be considered to minimise risk of hypoglycaemia. Although the findings of this pre-specified sub-analysis may be limited by the number of patients in the subgroup, the results were generally consistent with those for the overall population. CLINICALTRIALS IDENTIFIER: NCT00602472.
Comparative Measurement of Anti-Factor VIII Antibody by Bethesda Assay and ELISA Reveals Restricted Isotype Profile and Epitope Specificity (2005)

Factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitor antibodies are produced against functional epitopes of FVIII in about 30% of severe hemophilia A patients leading to inhibition of its procoagulant activity. The Bethesda assay, the most commonly used method to measure FVIII inhibitors, based on inhibition of coagulant activity of FVIII, is neither able to detect noninhibitory antibodies nor their isotype. In this study we employed an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure dif ferent isotypes and IgG subclasses of anti-FVIII anti body in the plasma of hemophiliacs (with and without inhibitor) and normal individuals using recombinant FVIII-coated microtiter plates. The results showed a predominance of IgG and IgG4, though IgA was slightly elevated in a few inhibitor-positive patients and IgM was hardly detectable. A highly significant correlation was found between the Bethesda titer and the optical density values of total Ig, IgG and IgG4 anti-FVIII antibodies obtained by ELISA (p<0.0001). These findings suggest a restricted specificity of anti-FVIII response in hemophiliacs towards functional epitopes of the molecule. Furthermore, high specificity and reasonable sensitivity of the ELISA, together with other technical advantages, suggest this method as a suitable supplementary technique for rapid large-scale screening of inhibitor-positive samples, though ELISA-negative samples need to be rechecked by the Bethesda assay to identify patients with a low inhibitor titer.
Molecular diversity of glutamate receptors and their physiological functions (1994)

Glutamate receptors play an important role in many integrative brain functions and in neuronal development. We report the molecular diversity of NMDA receptors and metabotropic glutamate receptors on the basis of our studies of molecular cloning and characterization of the diverse members of these receptors. The NMDA receptors consist of two distinct types of subunits. NMDAR1 possesses all properties characteristic of the NMDA receptor-channel complex, whereas the four NMDAR2 subunits, termed NMDAR2A-2D, show no channel activity but potentiate the NMDAR1 activity and confer functional variability by different heteromeric formations. The NMDA receptor subunits are considerably divergent from the other ligand-gated ion channels, and the structural architecture of these subunits remains elusive. The mGluRs form a family of at least seven different subtypes termed mGluR1-mGluR7. These receptor subtypes have, seven transmembrane segments and possess a large extracellular domain at their N-terminal regions. The seven mGluR subtypes are classified into three subgroups according to their sequence similarities, signal transduction mechanisms and agonist selectivities: mGluR1/mGluR5, mGluR2/mGluR3 and mGluR4/mGluR6/mGluR7. On the basis of our knowledge of the molecular diversity of the NMDA receptors and mGluRs, we have studied the physiological roles of individual receptor subunits or subtypes. We have shown that K(+)-induced depolarization or NMDA treatment in primary cultures of neonatal cerebellar granule cells induces the functional NMDA receptor and specifically up-regulates NMDAR2A mRNA among the multiple NMDA receptor subunits through the increase in resting intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. Our study demonstrates that the regulation of the specific NMDA receptor subunit mRNA governs the NMDA receptor induction that is thought to play an important role in granule cell survival and death. Analysis of an agonist selectivity and an expression pattern of mGluR6 has indicated that mGluR6 is responsible for synaptic neurotransmission from photoreceptor cells to ON-bipolar cells in the visual system. We have also investigated the function of mGluR2 in granule cells of the accessory olfactory bulb by combining immunoelectron-microscopic analysis with slice-patch recordings on the basis of the identification of a new agonist selective for this receptor subtype. Our results demonstrate that mGluR2 is present at the presynaptic site of granule cells and modulates inhibitory GABA transmission from granule cells to mitral cells. This finding indicates that the mGluR2 activation relieves excited mitral cells from GABA inhibition but maintains the lateral inhibition of unexcited mitral cells, thus resulting in enhancement of the signal-to-noise ratio between the excited mitral cells and their neighboring unexcited mitral cells.
Triterpene Functional Genomics in Licorice for Identification of CYP72A154 Involved in the Biosynthesis of Glycyrrhizin (2011)

Glycyrrhizin, a triterpenoid saponin derived from the underground parts of Glycyrrhiza plants (licorice), has several pharmacological activities and is also used worldwide as a natural sweetener. The biosynthesis of glycyrrhizin involves the initial cyclization of 2,3-oxidosqualene to the triterpene skeleton β-amyrin, followed by a series of oxidative reactions at positions C-11 and C-30, and glycosyl transfers to the C-3 hydroxyl group. We previously reported the identification of a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) gene encoding β-amyrin 11-oxidase (CYP88D6) as the initial P450 gene in glycyrrhizin biosynthesis. In this study, a second relevant P450 (CYP72A154) was identified and shown to be responsible for C-30 oxidation in the glycyrrhizin pathway. CYP72A154 expressed in an engineered yeast strain that endogenously produces 11-oxo-β-amyrin (a possible biosynthetic intermediate between β-amyrin and glycyrrhizin) catalyzed three sequential oxidation steps at C-30 of 11-oxo-β-amyrin supplied in situ to produce glycyrrhetinic acid, a glycyrrhizin aglycone. Furthermore, CYP72A63 of Medicago truncatula, which has high sequence similarity to CYP72A154, was able to catalyze C-30 oxidation of β-amyrin. These results reveal a function of CYP72A subfamily proteins as triterpene-oxidizing enzymes and provide a genetic tool for engineering the production of glycyrrhizin.
Crystal and molecular structure of the inhibitor eglin from leeches in complex with subtilisin Carlsberg (1985)

The crystal structure of the molecular complex of eglin, a serine proteinase inhibitor from leeches, with subtilisin Carlsberg has been determined at 2.0 A resolution by the molecular replacement method. The complex has been refined by restrained-parameter least-squares. The present crystallographic R factor (Formula: see text) is 0.183. Eglin is a member of the potato inhibitor 1 family, a group of serine proteinase inhibitors lacking disulfide bonds. Eglin shows strong structural homology to CI-2, a related inhibitor from barley seeds. The structure of subtilisin Carlsberg in this complex is very similar to the known structure from barley seeds. The structure of subtilisin Carlsberg in this complex is very similar to the known structure of subtilisin novo, despite changes of 84 out of 274 amino acids.
Synthesis of 1,2-dihydro-1-(2-deoxy-.beta.-D-erythropentofuranosyl)-2-oxopyrazine 4-oxide, a potent analog of deoxyuridine (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 1,2-dihydro-1-(2-deoxy-.beta.-D-erythropentofuranosyl)-2-oxopyrazine 4-oxide, a potent analog of deoxyuridinePhillip T. Berkowitz, Thomas J. Bardos, and Alexander BlochCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1973, 16, 2, 183–184Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00260a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00260a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views58Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electrical properties of He-implantation-produced nanocavities in silicon (1994)

When silicon implanted with &gt;${10}^{16}$ He ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$ is annealed at 700 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C or above, the He forms bubbles and then diffuses out leaving voids (nanocavities). We have prepared n-type and p-type Si samples with nanocavity layers and characterized their structure and their effect on the local band structure and the transport of charge. The ambipolar Si dangling orbitals at the nanocavity walls trap majority carriers in both types of silicon and form quasi-one-dimensional potential barriers which impede transport of charge across the cavity layer. Using dc conductance and high-frequency capacitance techniques we have characterized the height and width of these electrostatic barriers. Capacitance measurements have also been employed to study the evolution of trapped dangling-bond charge as the void containing layers are depleted of carriers in n-type and p-type Schottky-barrier structures. With transient capacitance techniques we have characterized the emission of holes from the unoccupied dangling-bond localized states and also the emission of electrons from the doubly occupied states. The lower dangling-bond level is 0.17 eV above the valence-band maximum, while the upper level lies 0.38 eV below the conduction-band minimum; these energies are qualitatively consistent with broader spectral features observed in ultrahigh-vacuum photoemission experiments on clean reconstructed Si surfaces.Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) has been employed to observe unpaired spins associated with dangling orbitals on the cavity walls. The strength of the EPR signal corresponds to \ensuremath{\sim}0.1 unpaired spin per dangling orbital, and this reduced amplitude is interpreted in terms of charge redistributions among inequivalent sites which are well known to occur on reconstructed Si surfaces. A simple, one-electron model yields semiquantitative agreement with much of the experimental data on electrical properties and helps explain some of the unusual emission-rate prefactors seen in the capacitance-transient experiments. We nevertheless conclude that a more realistic treatment, including electron-electron repulsion within the cavities as well as charge redistributions on the neutral surface, is probably needed for quantitative prediction.
Overexpression of p16 and p14ARF is associated with human papillomavirus infection in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and dysplasia (2002)

The CDKN2 gene encodes two structurally different proteins: a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p16, which regulates retinoblastoma protein (pRb)-dependent G1 arrest, and a cell cycle inhibitor, p14ARF, which blocks MDM2-induced p53 degradation resulting in an increase in p53 levels that leads to cell cycle arrest. Recent studies have revealed that expression of p16 and p14ARF is influenced markedly by the status of pRb and p53, and p16 overexpression has been demonstrated in cervical neoplasia because of functional inactivation of pRb by the human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 protein. To clarify the p14ARF status and the relationship between p16/p14ARF and other cell cycle molecules in cervical carcinogenesis, immunohistochemical analysis of p16, p14ARF, p53 and MDM2 was performed on 65 samples of cervical and genital condylomatous and neoplastic lesions, including nine HPV-negative tumors. In most cervical cancers and preneoplastic lesions with HPV infection of high and intermediate risk, a marked overexpression of p14ARF as well as the p16 protein (i.e. dotted nuclear immunostaining) was observed. All condyloma acuminata except one and low-grade dysplasia with HPV infection of low risk, such as HPV 6, immunohistochemically showed completely negative staining for p14ARF, also seen in non-neoplastic and mesenchymal cells. Our results clearly show that the mode of p14ARF overexpression in cervical neoplastic cells with HPV association differs from that in cancers of other organs without HPV association, and the p14ARF overexpression may be attributable to a negative feedback result in the functional inactivation of the pRb and p53 proteins by HPV oncoproteins.
Isostearic and other branched acids (1979)

Abstract Raw materials selection and method of synthesis determine the type of branching in a commercial branched fatty acid. The type of branching plus the isomer distribution, the normal chain/branched chain ratio, the chain length distribution, and the purity of the acid determine the physical properties of commercial branched acids. The latter four characteristics are affected by postsynthesis processing of the crude branched acids using such standard manufacturing or finishing techniques as distillation, solvent separation, hydrogenation, and bleaching. The generally lower titers or pour points of branched acids and their derivatives combined with their different (relative to n ‐chain materials) solubilities and their generally good heat and oxidative stabilities make them useful in applications in such diverse areas as soaps, cosmetics, lubricants, plastics, and coatings among others. The physical and usage properties which branched acids effect inproducts in such areas are often very different from the physical and usage properties which straight chain acids (which are also used in the same areas) effect. Thus, the use of branched acids gives an increased range of formulation possibilities and greater flexibility to product developers and formulators.
Mutations in the gene for a tRNA that functions as a regulator of a transcriptional attenuator in Bacillus subtilis. (1994)

It has been proposed that uncharged tRNA molecules may act as positive regulatory factors to control the expression of a number of operons in Bacillus subtilis and related bacteria by interacting with leader sequences to cause antitermination. In this study we report the isolation and characterization of regulatory mutations that modify one of the tRNA molecules predicted to have such a regulatory role. Three different alleles of the B. subtilis leucine tRNA gene leuG were found that resulted in higher expression of the ilv-leu biosynthetic operon. Each resulted in a base change in the D-loop of the leucine tRNA molecule with the anticodon 5'-GAG-3' (leucine tRNAGAG). Experiments with strains that are diploid for mutant and wild-type alleles suggested that both charged and uncharged tRNA molecules may interact with leader sequences to control expression of the operon.
Preparation of Cyclopropane Analogues of the Natural AntibioticTAN 1057 A/B (2005)

Abstract The two new analogues 2 and 3 of the natural dipeptide antibiotic TAN 1057 A/B ( 1 ), both with cyclopropyl containing β‐amino acid side chains, were prepared. The synthesis of the corresponding β‐amino acids in appropriately protected form ( 4 ‐Z 3 and 5 ‐Z 2 , respectively) from the correspondingly protected (hydroxyethyl)‐ ( 7a ) and (hydroxymethyl)‐substituted cyclopropylideneacetate ( 7b ), prepared in two steps each from homoallyl and allyl benzyl ether, respectively, was achieved in nine and seven steps, respectively, with overall yields of 17 ( 4 ‐Z 3 ) and 9.3 % ( 5 ‐Z 2 ), respectively. Coupling with the N ‐methyldihydropyrimidinone 22 and deprotection gave the compounds 2 and 3 , which turned out to be active against methicillin resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus , albeit to a lesser extent than TAN 1057 itself. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Digital Compression for Multimedia: Principles & Standards (1998)

Contents Preface 1 Introduction to Data Compression 2 Lossless Source Coding 3 Universal Lossless Source Coding 4 Quantization 5 Predictive Coding 6 Linear Predictive Speech Coding Standards 7 Frequency Domain Coding 8 Frequency Domain Speech and Audio Coding Standards 9 JPEG Still-Image Compression Standard 10 Multimedia Conferencing Standards 11 MPEG Compression Appendix A - Speech Quality and Intelligibility Appendix B - Proof That Huffman Codes Minimize Appendix C - Proof That Every UD Code Satisfies the Kraft Inequality Appendix D - Behavior of Approximations to Entropy Rate Appendix E - Proof of Forward March Property for LZY Appendix F - Efficient Coding of Lk for LZ77 References Glossary Index About the Authors
Preparation and characterization of nanocomposite hydrogels based on polyacrylamide for enhanced oil recovery applications (2006)

Abstract In the present work, attempts have been made to prepare nanocomposite type of hydrogels (NC gels) by crosslinking the polyacrylamide/montmorillonite (Na‐MMT) clay aqueous solutions with chromium (III). The X‐ray diffraction patterns of the NC gels exhibited a significant increase in d 001 spacing between the clay layers, indicating the formation of intercalated as well as exfoliated type of morphology. Exfoliation of the clay layers through out the gel network was found to be predominated, which evidences the high interaction between the polyacrylamide segments and montmorillonite layers. Gelation time as well as variation of viscoelastic parameters such as storage modulus ( G ′) of the gel network during gelation process at 75°C was studied and followed by rheomechanical spectroscopy (RMS). The NC gels prepared with lower crosslinker concentration showed higher strength and elastic modulus compared with the similar but unfilled polyacrylamide gel. This distinct characteristic of the NC gels yields a gel network structure with high resistance towards syneresis at high temperature in the presence of the oil reservoir formation water. The effects of the composition, such as clay content, crosslinker concentration, and also water salinity upon the gelation rate, gel strength as well as rate of syneresis have been investigated. To optimize the injectivity of the intercalated polyacrylamide solution before the onset of gelation with the gel strength of the final developed gel, sodium lactate was employed as retarder. This was found to be effective to balance these two characteristics of the NC gels, which are aimed to be used for water shut‐off and as profile modifier in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) process during water flooding process. The nanocomposite gels showed much more elasticity and extensibility at low crosslinker concentration compared with the similar but unfilled gel, which makes the NC gels suitable as an in‐depth profile modifier, and also as an oil displacing agent in the heterogeneous oil reservoir in chemical EOR. Effects of the clay content on the thermal stability of the gel network have also been investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been performed upon the NC‐gel samples. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2096–2103, 2006
Deoxyspergualin: Clinical Trials in Renal Graft Rejection (1993)

The percentage of efficacy of DSG, when used alone, was 76 percent in patients having acute rejection within 6 months after grafting. The doses of 3 to 5 mg/kg/day was judged to be recommendable and the duration of treatment of 7 days was evaluated as a suitable duration. Rescue use of DSG was effective in 70 percent of patients having MP-resistant rejection. In acute rejection, the percentage of efficacy of DSG plus MP combination was 88 percent. In addition, we should note that the percentage of efficacy of DSG was 66 percent even in acute or chronic rejection. The main adverse reactions with DSG included a sensation of numbness of the face, lips, and limbs, gastrointestinal troubles, and bone marrow suppression, but these adverse reactions were not serious. DSG has a mechanism of action different from that of other immunosuppressive agents, and it has fewer adverse effects than other drugs. Different from biological preparations, DSG is a strong immunosuppressive agent that can be used repeatedly.