gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Levels of Wilms' Tumor Gene (wt1) mRNA in Acute Myeloid Leukemias Are Associated With a Worse Long-Term Outcome (1997)

The tumor suppressor gene wt1 (Wilms' tumor gene) encodes for a zinc finger DNA-binding protein with predominantly transcription repressing properties. Because wt1 has been shown to be expressed in the vast majority of patients with acute myeloid leukemias (AML), we investigated the relevance of wt-1 mRNA expression regarding prognosis and possible prediction of relapse during follow-up. Totally bone marrow-derived blasts of 139 AML patients (129 newly diagnosed AML patients, 22 AML patients again in first relapse, and 10 AML patients analyzed primarily in first relapse) were studied for wt1 mRNA expression. Seventy-seven patients were analyzed for wt1 mRNA expression during follow-up. wt1-specific reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed and the amplification product was visually classified as not, weakly, moderately, or strongly amplified, as described previously. PCR products were quantitated by competitive PCR using a shortened homologous wt1 construct standard in representative cases. The expression of wt1 transcripts was correlated to age, French-American-British (FAB) subtype, phenotype, karyotype, and long-term survival. wt1 mRNA was detectable in 124 of 161 (77%) samples at diagnosis and in first relapse. wt1 expression was independent from age, antecedent myelodysplastic syndrome or FAB subtype, with the exception of a significant difference in M5 leukemias showing wt1 transcripts in only 40% (P = .0025). There was no correlation between the level of wt1 mRNA and response to treatment or the prognostic groups defined by the karyotype. Concerning long-term survival, patients with high levels of wt1 had a significantly worse overall survival (OS) than those with not detectable or low levels. The 3-year OS for all newly diagnosed AMLs was 13% and 38% (P = .038), respectively, and 12% and 43% (P = .014) for de novo AMLs. The difference was more distinct in patients less than 60 years of age. During follow-up, all patients achieving complete remission became wt1 negative. Reoccurrence of wt1 transcripts predicted relapse. The data indicate that high expression of wt1 mRNA is associated with a worse long-term prognosis.
Six degree-of-freedom haptic display of polygonal models (2000)

We present an algorithm for haptic display of moderately complex polygonal models with a six degree of freedom (DOF) force feedback device. We make use of incremental algorithms for contact determination between convex primitives. The resulting contact information is used for calculating the restoring forces and torques and thereby used to generate a sense of virtual touch. To speed up the computation, our approach exploits a combination of geometric locality, temporal coherence, and predictive methods to compute object-object contacts at kHz rates. The algorithm has been implemented and interfaced with a 6-DOF PHANToM Premium 1.5. We demonstrate its performance on force display of the mechanical interaction between moderately complex geometric structures that can be decomposed into convex primitives.
Quenching of CdSe quantum dot emission, a new approach for biosensing (2005)

The emission of CdSe quantum dots linked to the 5'-end of a DNA sequence is efficiently quenched by hybridisation with a complementary DNA strand with a gold nanoparticle attached at the 3'-end; contact of the quantum dot and gold nanoparticle occurs.
Photodynamic therapy—new approaches (1989)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) requires a photosensitizer within a target tissue and activation by proper-wavelength radiation at appropriate energy level to achieve complete eradication of that tissue. Whereas the first clinical results were reported nearly a decade ago, only in the past few years has the necessary technology been available for development of phase III controlled clinical trials. Photofrin II, the trade name for a mixture of oligomeric porphyrins, is effective in treatment of a wide variety of malignant tumors and is the subject of Phase III controlled trials in bladder and lung. New photosensitizers are being developed that may be both more efficient and less likely to cause the generalized cutaneous photosensitivity associated with Photofrin II. Further advances in light sources and delivery systems portend an even broader acceptance of PDT in medical and biological science.
Highly flexible, stretchable, patternable, transparent copper fiber heater on a complex 3D surface (2017)

A highly transparent, flexible, stretchable and patternable copper fiber heater was successfully fabricated for potential use in smart windows and other applications. The thickness of the electrospun polymer nanofibers was controlled during subsequent copper plating by adjusting the electroplating time, with minimal sacrifice in transparency. Self-fused junctions, formed via electroplating, significantly reduced the contact resistance between the intersecting copper-plated fibers. The heater temperature remained constant up to 300% sheet stretching. De-icing tests confirmed the potential applicability of such heaters in smart windows or vehicle defrosters. The copper-plated fibers may be transferred onto any surface with a complex 3D structure, as demonstrated by fabricating a heat-radiating Venus statue covered with the copper-plated fibers. The highest temperature of 328 C was achieved by using a transparent fibrous film having 90% transparency and 0.058 sq -1 sheet resistance.
Massive Chronic Intervillositis of the Placenta Associated With Malaria Infection (1998)

Massive chronic intervillositis (MCI) is an infrequently recognized placental lesion thought to be of immunologic origin that has been associated with poor fetal outcome. It is characterized by a prominent inflammatory infiltrate in the intervillous space, composed mainly of monocytes and macrophages that can simulate a maternal malignant disorder involving the placenta. The villi are characteristically spared. We report 74 cases of placental malarial infection with morphologic features of MCI. In all cases, the massive inflammatory infiltrate was limited to the intervillous space, which appeared largely obliterated. Increased fibrin deposition and prominent syncytial knots were frequent associated findings. Inflammatory cells were CD45 and CD68 positive, consistent with a monocyte-macrophage population. Some polymorphonuclear leukocytes and scattered T and B lymphocytes were also present. Villi were not inflamed. Malarial pigment was present in all cases, and parasitized maternal erythrocytes were evident in 73 of 74 patients. The histologic pattern of MCI was observed in 17.6% of placentas with malarial parasites. Malarial MCI affected predominantly primigravida women (77%) and was associated with a reduced birth weight, which in 39 (53%) of the infants was less than 2500 g, and a low gestational age. None of the infants with placentas with MCI died in the early neonatal period. Morphologic changes of MCI are seen in a significant percentage of placentas with malarial infection, especially in primigravida women, and are associated with a low birth weight. Malarial infection should therefore be considered in the differential diagnosis of massive intervillous infiltrates.
A Targeting Method Based on Acoustic Backscatter for Treatment Planning in Tissue Ablation Using Focused Ultrasound (2009)

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a therapeutic modality that can produce coagulative necrosis in biological tissue, noninvasively. This technique requires the determination of the focus of a HIFU transducer before treatment. We investigated a method to localize the focus based on the change in radio-frequency (RF) signal at HIFU intensity levels below the threshold for tissue damage. 2-D RF data were collected during the HIFU exposure at subablative intensity levels in ex vivo chicken tissue. The HIFU intensity was then increased to induce necrotic lesions in tissue, visualized as hyperecho in B-mode images, and the location of hyperecho was used to represent physical lesions, as established in our prior studies. Results showed that focal RF amplitude increased immediately after HIFU started at subablative intensity. The focus was clearly visualized in a 2-D map of the average rate of change (ARC) of RF amplitude. The 2-D difference between focus locations based on RF data and hyperecho was 1.92 +/- 1.02 mm (mean +/- standard deviation), with no statistically significant difference (axial: p = 0.50, lateral: p = 0.07, paired t -test). Histological analysis was also performed to examine structural change in tissue after HIFU exposure. The results indicated that ARC map could be used to determine the focus of a HIFU transducer at subablative intensity, and it has the potential to be used for HIFU treatment targeting.
The Analysis and Characterization of TNT Using Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array Detection (1992)

Abstract The forensic characterization of various samples of TNT is described. The analysis technique consists of extraction followed by normal phase liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. The samples are examined by enhancing the minor components and impurities left over from manufacture, and using these components as points of comparison. Initial attempts to order the data using spectral searching and pattern recognition techniques are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactions of 1,2,4‐Oxadiazole Derivatives of Expected Biological Activity. (1986)

Abstract 5‐Chlor‐3‐phenyl‐oxadiazol (I) reagiert mit Hydrazin (IIa) bzw. den Aminen (IIb) und (IIc) zu den Substitutionsprodukten (III), aus denen die Folgeprodukte (V)‐(VIII) erhalten werden.
Specific roles of alpha-toxin and beta-toxin during Staphylococcus aureus corneal infection (1997)

Staphylococcus aureus corneal infection results in extensive inflammation and tissue damage. Our previous studies of bacterial mutants have demonstrated a role for alpha-toxin in corneal virulence. This study analyzes, by genetic rescue experiments, the virulence of mutants affecting alpha-toxin and beta-toxin activity and demonstrates the ocular toxicity of these purified staphylococcal proteins. Three types of isogenic mutants were analyzed: (i) mutants specifically deficient in alpha-toxin (Hla) or beta-toxin (Hlb), (ii) a mutant deficient in both Hla and Hlb, and (iii) a regulatory mutant, deficient in the accessory gene regulator (agr), that produces reduced quantities of multiple exoproteins, including alpha- and beta-toxins. Plasmids coding for Hla and Hlb (pDU1212 and pCU1hlb, respectively) were used to restore toxin activity to mutants specifically deficient in each of these toxins. Either corneas were injected intrastromally with logarithmic-phase S. aureus or purified alpha- or beta-toxins were administered to normal eyes. Ocular pathology was evaluated by slit lamp examination and myeloperoxidase activity of infiltrating polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Corneal homogenates were cultured to determine the CFU per cornea. Eyes infected with the wild-type strain developed significantly greater corneal damage than eyes infected with Agr-, Hlb-, or Hla- strains. Epithelial erosions produced by parent strains were not produced by Agr- or Hla- strains. Hlb+ strains, unlike Hlb- strains, caused scleral edema. Plasmid pDU1212 restored corneal virulence to strain DU1090 (Hla-), and plasmid pCU1hlb restored corneal virulence to strain DU5719 (Hlb-). Application of purified alpha-toxin produced corneal epithelial erosions and iritis, while application of beta-toxin caused scleral inflammation. These studies confirm the role of alpha-toxin as a major virulence factor during S. aureus keratitis and implicate beta-toxin, a mediator of edema, as a lesser contributor to ocular damage.
Characterization of binding of human alpha 2-macroglobulin to group G streptococci (1983)

An interaction was observed between human alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) and streptococci belonging to group A, C, and G. Of 27 group C and 19 group G streptococcal cultures, 13 and 14, respectively, bound 125I-labeled alpha 2M. Some group A streptococci also interacted with alpha 2M. A number of other bacterial species tested did not react with alpha 2M. The binding of 125I-labeled alpha 2M to group G streptococci was time dependent, saturable, and could be inhibited by unlabeled alpha 2M. Inhibition experiments indicated that the streptococcal binding site for alpha 2M differed from the receptors for immunoglobulin G, fibrinogen, aggregated beta 2-microglobulin, albumin, and fibronectin. The alpha 2M binding activity was remarkably sensitive to trypsin and heat treatment indicating its protein nature. Kinetic analysis indicated a homogenous population of binding sites. The number of binding sites per bacterial cell was estimated to be approximately 20,000.
Oral bisphosphonates (2000)

Oral bisphosphonates do not appear to be as effective as intravenous administration in reducing skeletal complications in patients with metastases to bone lesions. Low oral bioavailability is the most likely reason for this difference. Oral dosing should not be substituted for intravenous administration in the treatment of malignant osteolysis.
Regulation of cell adhesion, a central mechanism in the anticancer action of essential fatty acids (review). (1998)

Certain members of essential fatty acids (EFAs) are known to have anticancer functions. It has been established in recent years that some of these anticancer actions are via the effects of these fatty acids on the adhesive properties of cancer cells, including cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions. These discoveries have implicated EFAs as a group of novel agents, able to regulate adhesive function of cancer cells and thus bearing clinical importance.
The Targets of Curcumin (2011)

Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), an orange-yellow component of turmeric or curry powder, is a polyphenol natural product isolated from the rhizome of the plant Curcuma longa. For centuries, curcumin has been used in some medicinal preparation or used as a food-coloring agent. In recent years, extensive in vitro and in vivo studies suggested curcumin has anticancer, antiviral, antiarthritic, anti-amyloid, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The underlying mechanisms of these effects are diverse and appear to involve the regulation of various molecular targets, including transcription factors (such as nuclear factor-kB), growth factors (such as vascular endothelial cell growth factor), inflammatory cytokines (such as tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 1 and interleukin 6), protein kinases (such as mammalian target of rapamycin, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and Akt) and other enzymes (such as cyclooxygenase 2 and 5 lipoxygenase). Thus, due to its efficacy and regulation of multiple targets, as well as its safety for human use, curcumin has received considerable interest as a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention and/or treatment of various malignant diseases, arthritis, allergies, Alzheimer's disease, and other inflammatory illnesses. This review summarizes various in vitro and in vivo pharmacological aspects of curcumin as well as the underlying action mechanisms. The recently identified molecular targets and signaling pathways modulated by curcumin are also discussed here.
Chemical kinetics and dynamics (1989)

1. Basic Concepts of Kinetics. 2. Complex Reactions. 3. Kinetic Measurements. 4. Reactions in Solution. 5. Catalysis. 6. The Transition from the Macroscopic to the Microscopic Level. 7. Potential Energy Surfaces. 8. Dynamics of Biomolecular Collisions. 9. Experimental Chemical Dynamics. 10. Statistical Approach to Reaction Dynamics: Transition State Theory. 11. Unimolecular Reaction Dynamics. 12. Dynamics Beyond the Gas Phase. 13. Information-Theoretic Approach to State-to-State Dynamics. 14. Kinetics of Multicomponent Systems: Combustion Chemistry. 15. Kinetics of Multicomponent Systems: Atmospheric Kinetics. Appendix 1. Quantum Statistical Mechanics. Appendix 2. Classical Statistical Mechanics. Appendix 3. Databases in Chemical Kinetics.
Frequency Encoding of Resonant Mass Sensors for Chemical Vapor Detection (2003)

Chemical vapors can be detected by a resonant mass sensor array with selective absorption coatings implementing a frequency encoding method. The sensor array consists of sensor elements with different frequencies for their identifications in the frequency response obtained with a pulse Fourier transform detection scheme. Zero-loading resonance frequencies are chosen so that frequency shift due to absorption is bounded within a predefined region so that there is no overlap of peaks and all peaks can be assigned to the correct elements at any operation conditions. Mechanical oscillations of all or selected numbers of the sensor elements are excited by application of an excitation signal. Free oscillation decay signals from all or selectively excited sensor elements are detected and digitized. The free oscillation decay signal is subjected to a spectral analysis routine converting into a frequency spectrum, in which frequency shifts due to absorption of chemical vapors can be obtained. The implementation of the frequency encoding method with pulse Fourier transform detection to resonant mass sensors allows simultaneous multisensor detection, fast data acquisition speed, high signal-to-noise ratio by coaddition of raw data, flexible excitation, reduced complexity of electronic hardware, application of advanced data/spectral analysis algorithms, and realization of many other advantages by the introduction of the pulse Fourier transform method. A practical chemical vapor sensing system is demonstrated experimentally by use of nine frequency-encoded and polymer-coated sensors.
Molecular mechanism of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade via anti-PD-L1 antibodies atezolizumab and durvalumab (2017)

In 2016 and 2017, monoclonal antibodies targeting PD-L1, including atezolizumab, durvalumab, and avelumab, were approved by the FDA for the treatment of multiple advanced cancers. And many other anti-PD-L1 antibodies are under clinical trials. Recently, the crystal structures of PD-L1 in complex with BMS-936559 and avelumab have been determined, revealing details of the antigen-antibody interactions. However, it is still unknown how atezolizumab and durvalumab specifically recognize PD-L1, although this is important for investigating novel binding sites on PD-L1 targeted by other therapeutic antibodies for the design and improvement of anti-PD-L1 agents. Here, we report the crystal structures of PD-L1 in complex with atezolizumab and durvalumab to elucidate the precise epitopes involved and the structural basis for PD-1/PD-L1 blockade by these antibodies. A comprehensive comparison of PD-L1 interactions with anti-PD-L1 antibodies provides a better understanding of the mechanism of PD-L1 blockade as well as new insights into the rational design of improved anti-PD-L1 therapeutics.
Retinitis Pigmentosa in Northern Sweden - From Gene to Treatment (2012)

Blindness is a loss of vision resulting in the inability to continue with a normal lifestyle. The prevalence of blindness varies from country to country and from region to region within the same country. An average estimate of the number of blind people in industrialized countries is 1–2 per 2000, compared to 5–10 per 1000 in developing countries. According to World Health Organisation estimates, there are between 27 and 35 million blind people in the world today.
Biosynthesis of α1-Proteinase Inhibitor by Human Lung-derived Epithelial Cells (1997)

Destruction of components of the extracellular matrix of the lung by neutrophil elastase is believed to be a critical event in the development of obstructive lung disease. The local synthesis of alpha1-proteinase inhibitor, the controlling inhibitor of this enzyme, may provide a partial mechanism for neutrophil elastase regulation, especially during inflammation, when proteolytic enzymes are released from phagocytes. In this study, we show that lung-derived epithelial cells not only have the capacity to synthesize functional alpha1-PI but also to increase the rate of its production when stimulated by specific inflammatory mediators, including oncostatin M, interleukin-1, and the glucocorticoid analogue, dexamethasone.
Possible involvement of allogeneic antigens recognised by donor‐derived CD4+ cytotoxic T cells in selective GVL effects after stem cell transplantation of patients with haematological malignancy (2005)

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) lines specific for allogeneic antigens were generated by in vitro stimulation of donor-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from patients who received human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-matched allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). One of the allogeneic antigen-specific CD4+ CTL lines, CTL-A, generated from a patient with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, recognised HLA-DPB1*0501-positive Epstein-Barr virus-immortalised human B cell line (EBV-B cells), phytohaemagglutinin blasts and leukaemia cells, but not interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) treated HLA-DPB1*0501-positive fibroblasts, indicating that this CD4+ T-cell line recognised a minor histocompatibility antigen (mHa) that is preferentially expressed in haematopoietic cells in an HLA-DPB1*0501-restricted manner. The other CD4+ CTL line, CTL-B, generated from a patient with chronic myeloid leukaemia, recognised mismatched HLA-DQB1*0303 on EBV-B cells and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) blasts. Interestingly, this CTL line did not recognise IFN-gamma-treated recipient's skin fibroblasts, as HLA-DQ was merely upregulated even after IFN-gamma stimulation in non-haematopoietic cells including fibroblasts, endothelial cells and hepatocytes. These results suggest that these CD4 positive CTLs, specific for mismatch HLA-DQ and mHa that are preferentially expressed on haematopoietic cells, may play an important role in induction of selective graft-versus-leukaemia effect without development of graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic HSCT.
Transition in the Optical Emission Polarization of ZnO Nanorods (2011)

We study the electronic and optical properties of ZnO nanorods as a function of the aspect ratio using atomistic empirical pseudopotentials and configuration interaction for the excitonic states. We find a sharp crossover for the optical polarization, from an in-plane polarized luminescence, for an aspect ratio smaller than 3, to an out-of-plane (along c-axis) polarization for an aspect ratio larger than 3. This suggests the possibility to tailor the optical polarization by a change in morphology. We elucidate the underlying mechanism from an analysis of the valence band structure and highlight the importance of exciton correlations, which shift the crossover to a larger aspect ratio.
Ultra-Performance Pascal GPU and NVLink Interconnect (2017)

This article introduces Nvidia's high-performance Pascal GPU. GP100 features in-package high-bandwidth memory, support for efficient FP16 operations, unified memory, and instruction preemption, and incorporates Nvidia's NVLink I/O for high-bandwidth connections between GPUs and between GPUs and CPUs.