gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasma-assisted oxidation, anodization, and nitridation of silicon (1999)

Plasma-assisted oxidation, anodization, and nitridation of silicon have been performed in microwave, rf, and dc plasmas with a variety of reactor configurations and a range of plasma densities. Compared to thermal processes at equivalent substrate temperatures, film growth rates are accelerated by the plasma-enhanced generation of reactive chemical species or by the presence of electric fields to aid charged-particle transport during plasma processes. Oxidation, anodization, and nitridation kinetics, mechanisms, and film properties attainable with plasma enhancement are discussed for crystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous silicon layers and for silicon-germanium alloys. The use of these plasma methods for surface and interface modification of silicon-based materials and devices is described.
Organization of the nervous tissue (hippocampus and septum) developing in the anterior eye chamber. I. General characteristic and non-neural elements. (1984)

Hippocampal and septal tissue of the rats' embryos was grafted into anterior eye chamber of the adult rats. After 3-4 months of survival the light and electron microscopy of the grafts was performed. Significant difference in development and organization of septal (SGs) and hippocampal (HGs) grafts was observed. Developed SGs had spherical shape, the area of their contact with host iris was limited, vascularization usually occurred through a narrow tissues talk. HGs often had elongated convex shape, resembling the hippocampus in situ. They contacted the iris by their ventral surface, through which multiple vessels ingrowed. HGs increased in volume significantly more, than SGs. SGs consisted of diffuse aggregates of multipolar neurons, while in HGs pyramidal neurons formed more or less organized layer. The apical dendrites of pyramidal cells were always oriented towards iris. Periferal areas with high number of glial cells and central areas, where nervous cells were concentrated, were distinguished in the grafts. Connective tissue cells were also present in them. Specific clusters of connective tissue cells with tight junctions between them were observed at the interface between a graft and iris. Their intracellular spaces formed tissue capillaries interconnected with perivascular space of blood vessels. Morphology of the clusters indicated that these connective tissue cells had some trophic functions. Two types of organization of limiting superficial glial sheath were observed. Multilayer capsula, consisting of modified oligodendrocytes and their processes was observed in SGs. This glial sheath could be perforated by nervous processes. Monolayer glial membrane formed by fibrous astrocytes was characteristic of HGs. This type of surface organization more closely resembled normal glial limiting membrane of the brain. The capillaries in the grafts were characterized by various degrees of permeability depending on their location. The capillaries of the central "neuronal" areas had all structural features of blood-brain barrier. The capillaries of periferal, "glial" areas had less prominent barrier characteristics. Endothelium of the capillaries in connective tissue aggregates had fenestrae and perforations, which indicates to a higher degree of permeability.
Mutations in the thioredoxin sites of protein disulfide isomerase reveal functional nonequivalence of the N- and C-terminal domains. (1994)

Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), a foldase of the endoplasmic recticulum, is a multifunctional protein that catalyzes the formation and isomerization of disulfide bonds during protein folding. The wild-type protein contains two redox active thiol/disulfide sites near the N and C terminus that are homologous to the redox center of thioredoxin. Using site-directed mutagenesis, both cysteines of each of the thioredoxin-like centers, (C35S,C38S) and (C379S,C382S) were replaced by serines. In addition, a mutant PDI was constructed with all four of the active cysteines mutated to serine (C35S,C38S,C379S,C382S). The activity of the wild-type and mutant proteins in the oxidative renaturation of reduced, denatured RNase was analyzed over a wide range of RNase concentrations, PDI concentrations, and glutathione redox buffers compositions. All mutants, including the construct with no functional thioredoxin centers, have measurable disulfide isomerase activity. Both of the thioredoxin-like sites contribute some to apparent steady-state binding (Km) and catalysis at saturating substrate concentrations (kcat); however, their contributions are not equivalent. At saturating concentrations of RNase, the mutant with an inactivated C-terminal active site (kcat = 0.72 +/- 0.06 min-1) retains near wild-type activity (kcat = 0.76 +/- 0.02 min-1), while the N-terminal mutant exhibits a significantly lower kcat (0.24 +/- 0.01 min-1). The Km for RNase is elevated for the C-terminal mutant (Km = 29 +/- 4 microM) while the N-terminal mutant (Km = 7.1 +/- 1.1 microM) exhibits a wild-type Km (6.9 +/- 0.8 microM). The larger Km for the C-terminal mutant (4.2 times wild-type) and the lower kcat of N-terminal mutant (32% of wild-type) suggest that the C-terminal region contributes more to apparent steady-state substrate binding, and the N-terminal region contributes more to catalysis at saturating concentrations of substrate. Despite their complementary roles in catalysis, the thioredoxin-like centers exhibit the same dependence on the glutathione redox buffer composition as evidenced by the equivalent K(ox) values for the wild-type (47 +/- 1 microM), N-terminal mutant (43 +/- 3 microM), and C-terminal mutant (44 +/- 1 microM). The mutant with both thioredoxin sites mutated displays a low but detectable level of disulfide-isomerase activity (0.5% of wild-type) that can be observed at high PDI concentrations. At high RNase concentrations (> or = 26 microM), wild-type PDI and all of the mutants catalyze intermolecular RNase aggregation in a nucleation growth reaction that is first order in PDI but fourth order with respect to RNase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Oxidation, tyrosine nitration and cytostasis induction in the absence of inducible nitric oxide synthase. (1998)

In the present study, we evaluated the impact of the lack of the gene for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) on oxidation, tyrosine nitration and cytotoxicity reactions triggered by immunostimulation. In mice injected with E. coli endotoxin (bacterial lipopolysaccharide, LPS, 50 mg/kg i.p.), there was a significant increase in the degree of oxidation of dihydrorhodamine 123 to rhodamine 123. This response was attenuated by inhibition of NO biosynthesis with NG-methyl-L-arginine (L-NMA, 30 mg/kg i.p.). In mice lacking functional iNOS gene (iNOS knock-out mice), the degree of the LPS-induced, L-NMA inhibitable increase in dihydrorhodamine oxidation was decreased, but not completely abolished. LPS stimulation induced a marked increase in the immunoreactivity for nitrotyrosine (an indicator of peroxynitrite formation), as measured in the aorta and lung. An L-NMA inhibitable increase in nitrotyrosine staining induced by LPS was also observed in the tissues of the iNOS knockout animals. LPS treatment induced the appearance of DNA single strand breakage and a suppression of mitochondrial respiration in peritoneal macrophages ex vivo. A significant degree of LPS-induced DNA single strand breakage and suppression of mitochondrial respiration was still observed in the peritoneal macrophages obtained from the iNOS knockout animals. Macrophages from wild-type mice stimulated with LPS and interferon-gamma suppressed the proliferation of various target cells (P815 mastocytoma, L929 fibrosarcoma and embryonic lung fibroblast cell line): this effect was abolished by in vitro treatment with L-NMA (1 mM). Macrophages from the iNOS knockout animals exhibited a reduced degree of target cell cytostatic activity. The remainder of the cytostasis in iNOS knockout macrophages was abolished by preventing cell contact and neutralizing tumor necrosis factor á. The present results demonstrate that the lack of iNOS gene does not fully abolish oxidation, tyrosine nitration and cytostatic activity in response to immunostimulation. The current findings may have implications for the development of NO-based approaches for the experimental therapy of inflammation.
Characterization of virus infected cell cultures by pyrolysis/direct chemical ionization mass spectrometry (1989)

The supernatants of Vero cell cultures after infection with a herpes simplex virus or a poliomyelitis virus as well as a blank were analysed by pyrolysis/direct chemical ionization mass spectrometry (Py/DCI MS). Informative pyrogrammes were obtained and used for characterization of viral proteins by applying pattern recognition methods. Differentiation of viral proteins was evaluated by analysing 'blind' samples. Herpes viruses could be classified correctly but the observed differences between the blank and the polio virus supernatants were too small for reliable classification of the polio viruses. Purification of the samples seems to be a prerequisite for further studies. The potential value of Py/DCI MS as a rapid non-invasive diagnostic method for viral meningoencephalitis is stressed.
The insulin-like growth factor-1 pathway mediator genes: SHC1 Met300Val shows a protective effect in breast cancer (2004)

The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) pathway plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. IRS1, IRS2 and SHC1 are the key mediators for the downstream pathway processes. Genetic variation within these genes may lead to altered signalling. We screened IRS1, IRS2 and SHC1 for published coding region polymorphisms and choose five of them, IRS1 Ala804Ala and Gly972Arg, IRS2 Cys816Cys and Gly1057Asp and SHC1 Met300Val, for further analysis. We studied the association of the polymorphisms with breast cancer risk using a case-control design with Polish familial breast cancer cases and respective controls. For the polymorphisms in IRS1 and IRS2 no differences in the allele, genotype or haplotype distributions could be detected between the case and control subjects. Carriers of the variant allele of the SHC1 polymorphism were at decreased risk of breast cancer (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.32-0.90, P = 0.016). A non-significant trend for a protective effect of the SHC1 Val300 allele was also seen in an independent population consisting of German familial breast cancer cases and matched controls. The joint analysis after Mantel-Haenzsel adjustment of the two populations gave an OR of 0.62 (95% CI 0.41-0.93, P = 0.02) for the SHC1 Val300 carriers. A stronger effect was detected in women diagnosed below the age of 50 (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.32-0.89, P = 0.01). A genotype combination analysis of the non-synonymous polymorphisms in the IRS1, IRS2 and SHC1 genes did not show any effect on breast cancer risk.
Impact of itraconazole on the survival of heavily pre-treated patients with triple-negative breast cancer. (2014)

Chemotherapy with itraconazole is promising for heavily pre-treated TNBC patients.
Dendrimer electrokinetic capillary chromatography: unimolecular micellar behaviour of carboxylic acid terminated cascade macromolecules (1994)

Dendritic (cascade) macromolecules with carboxylic acid terminal moieties are examined as micellar substitutes for the separation of a homologous series of alkyl parabens via electrokinetic capillary chromatography employing aqueous mobile phase conditions; separations using the dendrimers yield excellent efficiency and resolution, while higher generation dendrimers demonstrate enhanced affinity for the parabens relative to lower generation dendrimers and so provide superior separations under identical conditions; the cascades are also shown to be sensitive to solution pH and the technique is extended to the separation of components found in a common cough medicine.
Measurement of lateral acetabular coverage: a comparison between CT and plain radiography (2015)

Diagnostic Level II.
The Structure of Vasicine. II. Synthesis of Desoxyvasicine (1935)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Structure of Vasicine. II. Synthesis of DesoxyvasicineW. E. Hanford and Roger AdamsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1935, 57, 5, 921–924Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1935Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1935https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01308a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01308a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views138Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Estimating seed surface area of cottonseed. (2010)

Seed surface area (SSA) may be estimated by WinSeedle Image Analysis System, transformations of seed volume (Hodson method) or by seed index. If fuzzy seed index were related to SSA, SSA could be estimated without delinting seed. Our objective was to compare different methods of estimating SSA using fuzzy, acid- and flame-delinted seed. Seed were produced at two Arkansas locations and included eight diverse genotypes. After ginning, 100-fuzzy seed samples from a total of 10 replicates of field plots were randomly selected and weighed. Samples were flame-delinted, and then weighed, volume displacement determined, and scanned by digital analysis. The same seeds were then acid-delinted, weighed and SSA recalculated in the same manner. Location by genotype and genotype by delinting method interactions were significant for seed index, Hodson SSA and WinSeedle SSA. Volume means were significant for all main effects. Variation among genotypes was relatively similar for each parameter. Lowest correlations were found associated with volume of flame-delinted seed. Otherwise, seed index of fuzzy and acid-delinted seed were highly correlated with seed volume and both SSA measurements. Fuzzy seed index explained more variation in WinSeedle SSA than any other parameter. A regression equation may be used to transform fuzzy seed index to estimated SSA. The strong relationships of fuzzy seed index to delinted seed index, seed volume and the WinSeedle SSA measurements indicate that it can be used as an indicator of SSA when estimating fiber density.
Changes in Ovine Conceptus and Endometrial Function Following Asynchronus Embryo Transfer or Administration of Progesterone1 (1989)

The secretory protein profile from conceptuses collected from naturally mated ewes on Days 10, 12, 14, and 16 was characterized by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and fluorography. The presence of the anti-luteolysin ovine trophoblast protein-1 (oTP-1) in culture medium from Day 10 conceptuses was confirmed by fluorography, Western blotting, and radioimmunoassay (RIA). On each of the days studied, oTP-1 was the dominant secretory protein, and was secreted in increasing quantities as pregnancy progressed. In a second experiment, Day 6 embryos were transferred to either Day 6 (SR) or Day 4 (AR) recipients. Three mated ewes (P) received daily injections of 50 mg progesterone on Days 4-9. Controls consisted of 2 groups of pregnant ewes (D8 and D10). Conceptuses and ipsilateral endometrium were collected 4 days following transfer of conceptuses to SR and AR ewes, on Day 10 in P and D10 ewes, and on Day 8 in D8 ewes. Conceptus volume was estimated upon recovery from the uterus. Tissues were cultured with 35S-methionine, and the medium was analyzed for total and trichloroacetic acid-precipitable radiolabeled proteins. Levels of specific endometrial secretory proteins were determined after protein separation by 2D-PAGE and estimation of the radioactivity associated with discrete radiolabeled proteins on fluorographs. The concentration of oTP-1 in conceptus culture medium was estimated by RIA. Thirty endometrial proteins were investigated. All 30 proteins were present in endometrial cultures from SR, AR, D10, and P ewes, but 13 proteins were absent from D8 ewes. Levels of three proteins were higher in AR compared to D8 (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sub-band coding of digital images using symmetric short kernel filters and arithmetic coding techniques (2003)

A simple and efficient method of subband coding of digital images is reported. First, a technique for designing symmetric short tap filters is presented, and it is shown that such filters can be easily implemented by using simple arithmetic operations (e.g. addition and multiplication). By applying the above filters, the input image is decomposed into four bands, which are then coded by using arithmetic coding in combination with discrete PCM coding of the lowest band and PCM coding of higher bands. Simulation results demonstrate that by using the method mentioned above good quality pictures can be obtained in the range of 0.7 to 0.8 bits/pel.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Design of Meningococcal Factor H Binding Protein Mutant Vaccines That Do Not Bind Human Complement Factor H (2012)

Meningococcal factor H binding protein (fHbp) is a human species-specific ligand for the complement regulator, factor H (fH). In recent studies, fHbp vaccines in which arginine at position 41 was replaced by serine (R41S) had impaired fH binding. The mutant vaccines elicited bactericidal responses in human fH transgenic mice superior to those elicited by control fHbp vaccines that bound human fH. Based on sequence similarity, fHbp has been classified into three variant groups. Here we report that although R41 is present in fHbp from variant groups 1 and 2, the R41S substitution eliminated fH binding only in variant group 1 proteins. To identify mutants in variant group 2 with impaired fH binding, we generated fHbp structural models and predicted 63 residues influencing fH binding. From these, we created 11 mutants with one or two amino acid substitutions in a variant group 2 protein and identified six that decreased fH binding. Three of these six mutants retained conformational epitopes recognized by all six anti-fHbp monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) tested and elicited serum complement-mediated bactericidal antibody titers in wild-type mice that were not significantly different from those obtained with the control vaccine. Thus, fHbp amino acid residues that affect human fH binding differ across variant groups. This result suggests that fHbp sequence variation induced by immune selection also affects fH binding motifs via coevolution. The three new fHbp mutants from variant group 2, which do not bind human fH, retained important epitopes for eliciting bactericidal antibodies and may be promising vaccine candidates.
Natural killer cells and cancer (1996)

NK and LAK cells, through the use of immune biologic modifiers, have been demonstrated to have a therapeutic role in the treatment of human cancers. Further studies are required to determine the optimal dosages and combinations of chemotherapeutic agents, the timing of surgery, and the adjuvant use of immune biologic response modifiers. An increasing awareness and understanding of this field, may allow for the future development of anti-cancer therapies.
Cytochrome o (cyoABCDE) and d (cydAB) oxidase gene expression in Escherichia coli is regulated by oxygen, pH, and the fnr gene product (1990)

The aerobic respiratory chain of Escherichia coli contains two terminal oxidases that catalyze the oxidation of ubiquinol-8 and the reduction of oxygen to water. They are the cytochrome o oxidase complex encoded by cyoABCDE and the cytochrome d oxidase complex encoded by cydAB. To determine how these genes are regulated in response to a variety of environmental stimuli, including oxygen, we examined their expression by using lacZ protein fusions in wild-type and fnr mutant strains of E. coli. Anaerobic growth resulted in a 140-fold repression of cyoA'-'lacZ expression relative to aerobic growth and a 3-fold increase in cydA'-'lacZ expression. Anaerobic repression of both fusions was mediated in part by the fnr gene product, as evidenced by a 30-fold derepression of cyoA'-'lacZ expression and a 4-fold derepression of cydA'-'lacZ expression in an fnr deletion strain. Supplying wild-type fnr in trans restored wild-type repression for both fusions. Fnr thus functions as an anaerobic repressor of both cyoABCDE and cydAB expression. Reduced-minus-oxidized difference spectrum analyses of cell membranes confirmed the effect of the fnr gene product on the production of cytochrome d oxidase in the cell. Based on the pattern of anaerobic cydAB expression observed, we propose the existence of a second, as yet unidentified, regulatory element that must function either to activate cydAB expression as oxygen becomes limiting or to repress cydAB expression aerobically. Whereas cytochrome o oxidase encoded by cyoABCDE appears to be produced only under oxygen-rich growth conditions, in keeping with its biochemical properties, cytochrome d oxidase is expressed moderately aerobically and is elevated yet further when oxygen becomes limiting so that the organism can cope better under oxygen starvation conditions. We also examined cyoABCDE and cydAB expression in response to growth on alternative carbon compounds and to changes in the culture medium pH and osmolarity.
Articular cartilage stem cell signalling (2009)

The view of articular cartilage as a non-regeneration organ has been challenged in recent years. The articular cartilage consists of distinct zones with different cellular and molecular phenotypes, and the superficial zone has been hypothesized to harbour stem cells. Furthermore, the articular cartilage demonstrates a distinct pattern regarding stem cell markers (that is, Notch-1, Stro-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1). These results, in combination with the positive identification of side population cells in articular cartilage, give additional support for the hypothesis that articular cartilage has residing stem cells with a potential regenerative capacity where the controlling mechanism could be future biomarkers or drug targets or both.
Learning a Discriminative Model for the Perception of Realism in Composite Images (2015)

What makes an image appear realistic? In this work, we are answering this question from a data-driven perspective by learning the perception of visual realism directly from large amounts of data. In particular, we train a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model that distinguishes natural photographs from automatically generated composite images. The model learns to predict visual realism of a scene in terms of color, lighting and texture compatibility, without any human annotations pertaining to it. Our model outperforms previous works that rely on hand-crafted heuristics, for the task of classifying realistic vs. unrealistic photos. Furthermore, we apply our learned model to compute optimal parameters of a compositing method, to maximize the visual realism score predicted by our CNN model. We demonstrate its advantage against existing methods via a human perception study.