gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
B7-H1/CD80 interaction is required for the induction and maintenance of peripheral T-cell tolerance (2010)

T-cell tolerance is the central program that prevents harmful immune responses against self-antigens, in which inhibitory PD-1 signal given by B7-H1 interaction plays an important role. Recent studies demonstrated that B7-H1 binds CD80 besides PD-1, and B7-H1/CD80 interaction also delivers inhibitory signals in T cells. However, a role of B7-H1/CD80 signals in regulation of T-cell tolerance has yet to be explored. We report here that attenuation of B7-H1/CD80 signals by treatment with anti-B7-H1 monoclonal antibody, which specifically blocks B7-H1/CD80 but not B7-H1/PD-1, enhanced T-cell expansion and prevented T-cell anergy induction. In addition, B7-H1/CD80 blockade restored Ag responsiveness in the previously anergized T cells. Experiments using B7-H1 or CD80-deficient T cells indicated that an inhibitory signal through CD80, but not B7-H1, on T cells is responsible in part for these effects. Consistently, CD80 expression was detected on anergic T cells and further up-regulated when they were re-exposed to the antigen (Ag). Finally, blockade of B7-H1/CD80 interaction prevented oral tolerance induction and restored T-cell responsiveness to Ag previously tolerized by oral administration. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the B7-H1/CD80 pathway is a crucial regulator in the induction and maintenance of T-cell tolerance.
BCL-2 expression or antioxidants prevent hyperglycemia-induced formation of intracellular advanced glycation endproducts in bovine endothelial cells. (1996)

Hyperglycemia rapidly induces an increase in intracellular advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in bovine endothelial cells, causing an alteration in bFGF activity (Giardino, I., D. Edelstein, and M. Brownlee. 1994. J. Clin. Invest. 94:110-117). Because sugar or sugar-adduct autoxidation is critical for AGE formation in vitro, we evaluated the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in intracellular AGE formation, using bovine aortic endothelial cells. 30 mM glucose increased intracellular ROS formation by 250% and lipid peroxidation by 330%, while not affecting ROS in the media. In cells depleted of glutathione, intracellular AGE accumulation increased linearly with ROS generation as measured by immunoblotting and the fluorescent probe DCFH (AGE 0.258-3.531 AU* mm/5x10(4) cells, DCF 57-149 mean AU, r = .998, P < .002). Deferoxamine, alpha-tocopherol, and dimethylsulfoxide each inhibited hyperglycemia-induced formation of both ROS and AGE. To differentiate an effect of ROS generation on AGE formation from an effect of more distal oxidative processes, GM7373 endothelial cell lines were generated that stably expressed the peroxidation-suppressing proto-oncogene bcl-2. bcl-2 had no effect on hyperglycemia-induced intracellular ROS formation. In contrast, bcl-2 expression decreased both lipid peroxidation (100% at 3 h and 29% at 168 h) and AGE formation (55% at 168 h). These data show that a ROS-dependent process plays a central role in the generation of intracellular AGEs, and that inhibition of oxidant pathways prevents intracellular AGE formation.
SAK, A New Polo-Like Kinase, Is Transcriptionally Repressed by p53 and Induces Apoptosis upon RNAi Silencing (2005)

Chip profiling of a p53 temperature-sensitive tumor model identified SAK (Snk/Plk-akin kinase), encoding a new member of polo-like kinases (PLKs), as a gene strongly repressed by wild-type p53. Further characterization revealed that SAK expression was downregulated by wild-type p53 in several tumor cell models. Computer search of a 1.7-kb SAK promoter sequence revealed three putative p53 binding sites, but p53 failed to bind to any of these sites, indicating that SAK repression by p53 was not through a direct p53 binding to the promoter. Transcriptional analysis with luciferase reporters driven by SAK promoter deletion fragments identified SP-1 and CREB binding sites, which together conferred a two-fold SAK repression by p53. However, the repression was not reversed by cotransfection of SP-1 or CREB, suggesting a lack of interference between p53 and SP-1 or CREB. Significantly, p53-mediated SAK repression was largely reversed in a dose-dependent manner by Trichostatin A, a potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, suggesting an involvement of HDAC transcription repressors in SAK repression by p53. Biologically, SAK RNA interference (RNAi) silencing induced apoptosis, whereas SAK overexpression attenuated p53-induced apoptosis. Thus, SAK repression by p53 is likely mediated through the recruitment of HDAC repressors, and SAK repression contributes to p53-induced apoptosis.
Просодия говоров Терского берега Белого моря: предвaрительные наблюдения<br>(Prosodic Aspects of the Dialects of the Ter Coast of the White Sea: Preliminary Results) (2001)

The present article presents some preliminary results of the study of some prosodic characteristics of the dialects of Varzuga and Umba, two Northern Russian villages on the Ter Coast of the White Sea. In our recently collected recordings, we observed a number of prosodic characteristics which are assumed to be typical for Northern Russian. Firstly, vowels appear to be relatively short. Secondly, it was often rather difficult to determine the location of the stressed syllables. Thirdly, a tendency to attach a repeating prosodic pattern to each phonological word was observed. Finally, many non-question utterances ended in a rising pitch movement, although the steepness and the height of the Ter rise appear to be less extreme than in, for instance, some Pinega dialects of the Archangel' sk oblast' . Interestingly, the second and third characteristics seem to be closely related. In all but one of the cases with unclear stress patterns, the first syllable was realised with high pitch, immediately preceded and followed by low pitch. This seems to be the result of a tendency to attach a rising-falling pattern to each phonological word.
Involvement of Src and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in the Signal-transducing Function of Na+/K+-ATPase (2000)

Nontoxic concentrations of ouabain, causing partial inhibition of the cardiac myocyte Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, induce hypertrophy and several growth-related genes through signal pathways that include the activation of Ras and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). The aim of this work was to examine the ouabain-induced events upstream of the Ras/MAPK cascade. Treatment of myocytes with genistein antagonized ouabain-induced activation of the MAPK, suggesting that protein tyrosine phosphorylation has a role. Tyrosine phosphorylation of several myocyte proteins was increased rapidly upon cell exposure to ouabain. Lowering of extracellular K(+) had a similar ouabain-like effect. Ouabain also increased protein tyrosine phosphorylation in A7r5, HeLa, and L929 cells. In cardiac myocytes and A7r5 cells, herbimycin A antagonized the ouabain-induced increase in protein tyrosine phosphorylation and MAPK activation. In both cell types, ouabain stimulated Src kinase activity, Src translocation to the Triton-insoluble fraction, Src association with the epidermal growth factor receptor, and the tyrosine phosphorylation of this receptor on site(s) other than its major autophosphorylation site, Tyr(1173). The findings suggest that (a) the ouabain-induced activation of Src and the Src-induced phosphorylation of the growth factor receptor provide the scaffolding for the recruitment of adaptor proteins and Ras and the activation of Ras/MAPK cascade; and (b) the activation of such pathways may be a common feature of the signal-transducing function of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase in most cells.
Oxidative Stress Promotes Endothelial Cell Apoptosis and Loss of Microvessels in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (2005)

Antioxidant treatment with cell-permeable superoxide scavengers inhibits endothelial cell apoptosis and prevents microvessel rarefaction in the SHR during growth.
Generation of 185 fs pedestal-free pulses usinga 1.55µm distributed feedback semiconductor laser (1995)

The authors report the generation of 185 fs pulses from a 1.55 µm distributed feedback semiconductor laser, the shortest pedestal-free pulses ever generated from semiconductor lasers. This has been realised by simultaneously performing soliton-effect compression and intensity discrimination for pedestal removal in a single fibre.
Gfi1 regulates miR-21 and miR-196b to control myelopoiesis (2009)

The zinc finger protein growth factor independent-1 (Gfi1) is a transcriptional repressor that is critically required for normal granulocytic differentiation. GFI1 loss-of-function mutations are found in some patients with severe congenital neutropenia (SCN). The SCN-associated GFI1-mutant proteins act as dominant negatives to block granulopoiesis through selective deregulation of a subset of GFI1 target genes. Here we show that Gfi1 is a master regulator of microRNAs, and that deregulated expression of these microRNAs recapitulates a Gfi1 loss-of-function block to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-stimulated granulopoiesis. Specifically, bone marrow cells from a GFI1-mutant SCN patient and Gfi1(-/-) mice display deregulated expression of miR-21 and miR-196B expression. Flow cytometric analysis and colony assays reveal that the overexpression or depletion of either miR induces changes in myeloid development. However, coexpression of miR-21 and miR-196b (as seen in Gfi1(-/-) mice and a GFI1N382S SCN patient) completely blocks G-CSF-induced granulopoiesis. Thus, our results not only identify microRNAs whose regulation is required during myelopoiesis, but also provide an example of synergy in microRNA biologic activity and illustrate potential mechanisms underlying SCN disease pathogenesis.
Echocardiography : an international review (1993)

M-mode echocardiography - an obsolete technique?, D. Gibson diastolic function by doppler echocardiography, R.A. Nishimura linear cardiac output - the concept, its measurement and applications, J.M. Rawles the clinical use of mitral pressure half-time, J.B. Chambers stress echocardiography, M.J. Monaghan edge detection and wall motion analysis, E.A. Geiser ultrasonic tissue characterization of the myocardium, B.F. Vandensberg and D.J. Skorton real-time, three-dimensional echocardiography - a beginning, J.S. Kisslo et al angioscopic ultrasound, C.G. Burrell use of echocardiography in patients with cerebrovascular events and peripheral embolism, M.A. de Belder echocardiography in the assessment of the patient with suspected infective endocarditis, R.A. Cooke and J.B. Chambers the haemodynamic assessment of prosthetic valves using doppler ultrasound, J.B. Chambers echocardiography during and after myocardial infarction, C.H. Peels and C.A. Visser aortic dissection, R. Erbel how to grade valvar regurgitation, C.M. Carey what to look for when buying an echocardiographic/doppler instrument, M.J. Monaghan. Appendices: normal aortic dimensions normal intracardiac and great vessel blood velocities prosthetic valves.
Poly(diketopyrrolopyrrole−terthiophene) for Ambipolar Logic and Photovoltaics (2009)

A new semiconducting polymer, PDPP3T, with alternating diketopyrrolopyrrole and terthiophene units is presented. PDPP3T has a small band gap of 1.3 eV and exhibits nearly balanced hole and electron mobilities of 0.04 and 0.01 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), respectively, in field-effect transistors (FETs). By the combination of two identical ambipolar transistors, an inverter was constructed that exhibits a gain of approximately 30. When PDPP3T was combined with [60]PCBM or [70]PCBM in a 1:2 weight ratio, photovoltaic cells were made that provide a photoresponse up to 900 nm and an AM1.5 power conversion efficiency of 3.8 or 4.7%, respectively. In contrast to the almost constant FET mobility, the efficiency of the photovoltaic cells was found to be strongly dependent on the molecular weight of PDPP3T and the use of diiodooctane as a processing agent.
New Insulin-Like Proteins with Atypical Disulfide Bond Pattern Characterized in Caenorhabditis elegans by Comparative Sequence Analysis and Homology Modeling (1998)

We have identified three new families of insulin homologs in Caenorhabditis elegans. In two of these families, concerted mutations suggest that an additional disulfide bond links B and A domains, and that the A-domain internal disulfide bond is substituted by a hydrophobic interaction. Homology modeling remarkably confirms these predictions and shows that despite this atypical disulfide bond pattern and the absence of C-like peptide, all these proteins may adopt the same fold as the insulin. Interestingly, whereas we identified 10 insulin-like peptides, only one insulin-like-receptor (daf-2) has been found. We propose that these insulin-related peptides may correspond to different activators or inhibitors of the daf-2 insulin-regulating pathway.
Application of Business Process Execution Language to Scientific Workflows (2006)

This paper investigates the use of the Business Process Execution Language for Web services (BPEL4WS/ BPEL) for managing scientific workflows. The complexity, unpredictability and inter-dependency of the components in a scientific workflow often demand great flexibility in a workflow-language in order to support; 1) exception handling, 2) recovery from uncertain situations, 3) user interactions to facilitate interactive steering and monitoring, 4) dynamism to adapt to the changing environment, 5) compensation handling to reverse the effects of previous activities that have been abandoned, and 6) flexibility to support dynamic selection of services at runtime and to support changing data requirements. These requirements are illustrated with examples taken from a real scientific workflow; the e-HTPX project for high throughput protein crystallography. In the context of addressing these requirements, the features of the BPEL4WS specification are discussed, which is widely regarded as the de-facto standard for orchestrating Web services for business workflows. An investigation and proposal for the use of the Web services Invocation Framework (WSIF) [38] to extend BPEL is also provided. In summary, by extending BPEL where necessary (in conjunction with standard BPEL features), workflows can be successfully adapted to fulfill all the requirements of complex scientific workflows.
Human papillomavirus type 16 integrations in cervical tumors frequently occur in common fragile sites. (2000)

The development of cervical cancer is highly associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. HPV integration into the genome of infected cervical cells is temporally associated with the acquisition of the malignant phenotype. A relationship between the sites of HPV integration in cervical cancer and the position of the common fragile sites (CFSs) has been observed at the cytogenetic level. To explore this relationship at the molecular level, we used a PCR-based method to rapidly isolate cellular sequences flanking the sites of HPV16 integrations in primary cervical tumors. Human bacterial artificial chromosome clones were isolated based on these flanking sequences and used as probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization on metaphases derived from cells cultured in the presence of aphidicolin. Our data demonstrate that HPV16 integrations in cervical tumors frequently occur within CFSs at the molecular level. In addition, we have determined the precise molecular locations of the CFSs FRA6C and FRA17B.
Expression of Interleukin-9 in Nasal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma Cell Lines and Patients (2005)

These results suggest that IL-9 plays an important role in nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma possibly via an autocrine mechanism.
Image-guided streamline placement (1996)

Accurate control of streamline density is key to producing several effective forms of visualization of two-dimensional vector fields. We introduce a technique that uses an energy function to guide the placement of streamlines at a specified density. This energy function uses a low-pass filtered version of the image to measure the difference between the current image and the desired visual density. We reduce the energy (and thereby improve the placement of streamlines) by ( The entire process is iterated to produce streamlines that are neither too crowded nor too sparse. The resulting streamlines manifest a more hand-placed appearance than do regularly-or randomly-placed streamlines. Arrows can be added to the streamlines to disambiguate flow direction, and flow magnitude can be represented by the thickness, density, or intensity of the lines.
<title>Digital Light Processing for high-brightness high-resolution applications</title> (1997)

Electronic projection display technology for high-brightness applications had its origins in the Gretag Eidophor, an oil film-based projection system developed in the early 1940s. A number of solid state technologies have challenged the Eidophor, including CRT-addressed LCD light valves and active-matrix-addressed LCD panels. More recently, in response to various limitations of the LCD technologies, high-brightness systems have been developed based on Digital Light Processing technology. At the heart of the DLP projection display is the Digital Micromirror Device, a semiconductor-based array of fast, reflective digital light switches that precisely control a light source using a binary pulsewidth modulation technique. This paper describes the design, operation, performance, and advantages of DLP- based projection systems for high-brightness, high- resolution applications. It also presents the current status of high-brightness products that will soon be on the market.
Posttranslational regulation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 in normal and transformed human fibroblasts. Insulin-like growth factor dependence and biological studies. (1993)

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4) is a 24-26-kD protein expressed by a variety of cell types in vivo and in vitro. Treatment of normal adult human fibroblasts with 10 nM insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) for 24 h resulted in an 85% decrease in endogenous IGFBP-4, as assessed by Western ligand blot analysis of the conditioned medium. Incubation of human fibroblast-conditioned medium (HFCM) with IGF-II under cell-free conditions led to a similar loss of IGFBP-4. This posttranslationally regulated decrease in IGFBP-4 appeared to be due to a protease in HFCM: (a) It could be prevented with specific protease inhibitors or incubation at 4 degrees C; (b) proteolysis of recombinant human (rh) IGFBP-4 required HFCM; (c) immunoblotting and radiolabeling confirmed cleavage of IGFBP-4 into 18- and 14-kD IGFBP-4 fragments. The protease was specific for IGFBP-4, and was strictly dependent on IGFs for activation. IGF-II was the most effective of the natural and mutant IGFs tested, inducing complete hydrolysis of rhIGFBP-4 at a molar ratio of 0.25:1 (IGF/IGFBP-4). Simian virus 40-transformed adult human fibroblasts also expressed IGFBP-4 and IGFBP-4 protease, as well as an inhibitor of IGFBP-4 proteolysis. In biological studies, intact rhIGFBP-4 potently inhibited IGF-I-stimulated [3H]aminoisobutyric acid uptake, whereas proteolyzed rhIGFBP-4 had no inhibitory effect. In conclusion, these data provide evidence for a novel IGF-dependent IGFBP-4-specific protease that modifies IGFBP-4 structure and function, and indicate a preferential role for IGF-II in its activation. Posttranslational regulation of IGFBP-4 may provide a means for cooperative control of local cell growth by IGF-I and IGF-II.
Purification and partial characterization of the major allergen, Cav p 1, from guinea pig Cavia porcellus (2002)

Although the physicochemical characteristics of isolated Cav p 1 are very similar to those for other rodent allergens and furthermore partial sequence identity with Mus m 1 was found, it is clearly shown here to be an immunologically independent major allergen.
The development of vertebral bone marrow of human fetuses (1975)

Abstract The development of the bone marrow of the thoracic vertebrae in seven human fetuses ranging from 95 to 150 mm in crown-rump length (CRL) was studied using light and electron microscopy. In the 95-mm CRL, hypertrophy of the chondrocytes occurred in the central region of the vertebrae, and blood vessels penetrated there from dorsal and ventral sides of the vertebral body. The primary marrow was represented by liberated cartilage lacunnae, occupied by the thin-walled blood vessels and a few mesenchymal cells and mononuclear cells containing granules or vacuoles (GMC). In the 99-mm CRL, chondroclasts were active in removing the cartilage near the central region of the vertebrae. Consequently, a large cavity was formed and occupied by a dilated sinus. GMC were numerous. Osteoblasts and osteocytes were increased in number. Reticular cells with long processes containing large amounts of glycogen began to appear in the extravascular space and formed the loosely arranged cellular meshwork of the hematopoietic compartment. Bundles of collagen fibrils were scattered in the meshwork. Hematopoietic cells were recognizable only in the 105-mm-CRL fetus and increased in number in the 120-mm-CRL fetus. The sinus endothelium was very thin and continuous without apertures except where blood cells crossed the wall. The developing blood cells lying against the outside of the sinus endothelium indented it. At points, collagen fibrils attached to the outside of endothelial cells and appeared to function as the anchoring filaments of lymphatics. The physiologic implications of the association of stromal cells, vascular sinuses, and hematopoietic cells are discussed in relationship to the microhematopoietic environment of the bone marrow.
Sperm protein 17 (Sp17) is a suitable target for immunotherapy of multiple myeloma (2002)

Sperm protein 17 (Sp17) is a protein recently identified as a novel cancer-testis (CT) antigen in multiple myeloma (MM). Because this tumor antigen demonstrates a very restricted normal tissue expression, Sp17 may be an excellent target for tumor vaccine of MM. In this study, we determined the ability to generate Sp17-specific HLA class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) from the peripheral blood of 4 patients with MM, 3 consecutive Sp17(+) patients, and 1 Sp17(-) patient. Dendritic cells were generated from monocytes of 4 patients with MM and used to present a recombinant Sp17 protein to autologous T cells. Following 4 rounds of antigen stimulation, the CTLs were tested for their ability to kill autologous targets in an Sp17-dependent and HLA-class I- restricted manner in standard cytotoxicity assays. Despite previous chemotherapy and the immunosuppression so often associated with MM, CTL generation was successful in all 4 patients, irrespective of the Sp17 status of their tumors. Most importantly, the CTLs were able to lyse autologous tumor cells that expressed Sp17. Tumor cell lysis in all cases appeared to be mainly mediated by perforin and could be blocked by concanamycin A. We conclude that Sp17 is a suitable target for immunotherapy of MM. Our findings provide the basis for a clinical study aimed at inducing a cellular immune response directed at Sp17(+) MM.
Multimodal functional and structural neuroimaging investigation of major depressive disorder following treatment with duloxetine (2015)

Registered at clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT01051466 ).