gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parallel programming models and their interdependence with parallel architectures (2002)

Because of its superior performance and cost-effectiveness, parallel computing will become the future standard, provided we have the appropriate programming models, tools and compilers needed to make parallel computers widely usable. The dominating programming style is procedural, given in the form of either the memory sharing or the message-passing paradigm. The advantages and disadvantages of these models and their supporting architectures are discussed, as well as the tools by which parallel programming is made machine-independent. Further improvements can be expected from very high level coordination languages. A general breakthrough of parallel computing, however, will only come with the parallelizing compiler that enable the user to program applications in the conventional sequential style. The state-of-the-art of parallelizing compilers is outlined, and it is shown how they will be supported by higher-level programming models and multi-threaded architectures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Organosilicon Molecules with Medicinal Applications (2012)

The incorporation of silicon and synthesis of organosilicon small molecules provide unique opportunities for medicinal applications. The biological investigation of organosilicon small molecules is particularly interesting because of differences in their chemical properties that can contribute to enhanced potency and improved pharmacological attributes. Applications such as inhibitor design, imaging, drug release technology, and mapping inhibitor binding are discussed.
Stimulation of erythropoiesis by in vivo gene therapy: physiologic consequences of transfer of the human erythropoietin gene to experimental animals using an adenovirus vector (1994)

Erythropoietin (Epo), a 30.4-kD glycoprotein, is the principal regulator of erythropoiesis. To evaluate the concept that in vivo gene transfer might be used as an alternative to recombinant human Epo (rhEpo) in applications requiring a 1- to 3-week stimulation of erythropoiesis, the replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus AdMLP.Epo was constructed by deleting the majority of E1 from adenovirus type 5, and replacing E1 with an expression cassette containing the adenovirus type 5 major late promoter (MLP) and the human Epo gene, including the 32 cis-acting hypoxia response element. In vitro studies showed that infection of the human hepatocyte cell line Hep3B with AdMLP.Epo resulted in a 15-fold increase in Epo production in 24 hours that was enhanced to 116-fold in the presence of a hypoxic stimulus. One-time in vivo administration of AdMLP.Epo (7 x 10(9) plaque-forming units/kg) to the peritoneum of cotton rats caused a marked increase in red blood cell production, with a 2.6-fold increase in bone marrow erythroid precursors by day 4, and sevenfold increase in reticulocyte count by day 7. The hematocrit increased gradually, with a maximum of 64% +/- 4% at day 14 (compared with an untreated baseline of 46% +/- 2%), and a level of 55% +/- 1% at day 24. Furthermore, one-time subcutaneous administration of AdMLP.Epo caused an increase in hematocrit that peaked at 14 days (57% +/- 2%) and was still elevated at day 42. Hematocrit level in animals receiving subcutaneous administration of AdMLP.Epo sustained a long-term increase compared with animals receiving intraperitoneal administration. In the context of these observations, gene therapy with a single administration of an adenovirus vector containing the human EPO gene may provide a means of significantly augmenting the circulating red blood cell mass over the 1- to 3-week period necessary for many clinical applications.
Single current sensor technique in the DC-link of three-phase PWM-VS inverters. A review and the ultimate solution (2002)

This paper proposes an ultimate solution for reconstruction of three phase-currents in a PWM-voltage source inverter by one current sensor in the DC-link, and it gives a review of existing methods in literature and patents. The solution offers fully protection of the inverter including shoot-through of the DC-link, short-circuit of the output phases and earth faults with both low and high impedance. A special configuration in the DC-link can give such features. At the same time a new method to sample the DC-link current is proposed which both can eliminate disturbances from cables between an inverter and an induction motor, and it offers a true simultaneous sample value of all three phase-currents in the center of a switching period. The two methods are implemented in an experimental setup, and test results show that full protection is achieved and the three phase-currents are reconstructed precisely in the whole operating area.
A Phase II Study of Bevacizumab and High-dose Interleukin-2 in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (2013)

Overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) leads to angiogenesis, tumor progression, and inhibition of immune function. We conducted the first phase II study to estimate the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab with high-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy in patients with metastatic RCC. Eligible patients had predominantly clear cell metastatic RCC, measurable disease, a Karnofsky Performance Status of ≥80%, and adequate end-organ function. IL-2 (600,000 IU/kg) was infused intravenously every 8 hours (maximum 28 doses) during two 5-day cycles on days 1 and 15 of each 84-day course. Bevacizumab (10 mg/kg) was infused intravenously every 2 weeks beginning 2 weeks before initiating IL-2. Fifty of 51 eligible patients from 8 centers were enrolled. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 11.2 months (90% confidence interval, 5.7-17.7), and 2-year PFS was 18% (90% confidence interval, 8%-27%). Responses included 4 complete (8%) and 11 partial (22%) responses. Toxicities did not exceed those expected from each agent alone. Combining IL-2 plus bevacizumab is feasible, with a response rate and PFS at least as high as reported previously for the single agents. The regimen did not appear to enhance the rate of durable major responses over that of IL-2 alone.
A practical solution for preserving single cells for RNA sequencing (2018)

The design and implementation of single-cell experiments is often limited by their requirement for fresh starting material. We have adapted a method for histological tissue fixation using dithio-bis(succinimidyl propionate) (DSP), or Lomant's Reagent, to stabilise cell samples for single-cell transcriptomic applications. DSP is a reversible cross-linker of free amine groups that has previously been shown to preserve tissue integrity for histology while maintaining RNA integrity and yield in bulk RNA extractions. Although RNA-seq data from DSP-fixed single cells appears to be prone to characteristic artefacts, such as slightly reduced yield of cDNA and a detectable 3' bias in comparison with fresh cells, cell preservation using DSP does not appear to substantially reduce RNA complexity at the gene level. In addition, there is evidence that instantaneous fixation of cells can reduce inter-cell technical variability. The ability of DSP-fixed cells to retain commonly used dyes, such as propidium iodide, enables the tracking of experimental sub-populations and the recording of cell viability at the point of fixation. Preserving cells using DSP will remove several barriers in the staging of single-cell experiments, including the transport of samples and the scheduling of shared equipment for downstream single-cell isolation and processing.
Long-term results of a risk-adapted approach to melphalan conditioning in autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for primary (AL) amyloidosis. (2006)

The present risk-adapted approach produced acceptable toxicity and peri-transplant mortality with prolonged survival in responsive patients. Additional therapy should be considered if no hematologic response is observed at +3 months after ASCT.
Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to the trichothecene mycotoxin T-2 (1985)

Two mouse immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibodies that bind to the trichothecene mycotoxin T-2 were prepared. These antibodies, designated 12C12 and 15H6, had affinities for T-2 of 3.5 X 10(6) and 5.8 X 10(7) liters/mol, respectively. A competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay that employed these antibodies had a sensitivity for T-2 of 50 ng per assay. Both antibodies bound to the metabolite HT-2 but not to the related trichothecenes monoacetoxyscirpenol, diacetoxyscirpenol, deoxynivalenol, and deoxyverrucarol. Evidence is presented that T-2-protein conjugates inhibit protein synthesis in lymphoid cells and that this apparent immunotoxicity may be due to the release of T-2 from the protein carrier.
Biocompatible artificial DNA linker that is read through by DNA polymerases and is functional in Escherichia coli (2011)

A triazole mimic of a DNA phosphodiester linkage has been produced by templated chemical ligation of oligonucleotides functionalized with 5'-azide and 3'-alkyne. The individual azide and alkyne oligonucleotides were synthesized by standard phosphoramidite methods and assembled using a straightforward ligation procedure. This highly efficient chemical equivalent of enzymatic DNA ligation has been used to assemble a 300-mer from three 100-mer oligonucleotides, demonstrating the total chemical synthesis of very long oligonucleotides. The base sequences of the DNA strands containing this artificial linkage were copied during PCR with high fidelity and a gene containing the triazole linker was functional in Escherichia coli.
Fluorinated iron phthalocyanine (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorinated iron phthalocyanineJohn Gareth Jones and M. V. TwiggCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1969, 8, 9, 2018–2019Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50079a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50079a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views785Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nano-silver – a review of available data and knowledge gaps in human and environmental risk assessment (2009)

Nano-silver is used in an increasing number of products. Some of the applications have resulted in the concern of governments and the public, since little is known about the potential risks of nano-silver. In this review, an inventory is made to identify knowledge gaps that have to be filled before risks for both man and the environment can be assessed as reliable as for 'non-nanosized' chemicals. It is hypothesized that the toxic effects of nano-silver are due to a combination of the specific properties of silver nanoparticles and the generation of ions from them. The main topic for future research is validation of our '0-hypothesis' that toxic effects of nano-silver are proportional to the activity of free silver ions released by the nanoparticles. Furthermore, it must be determined whether – or to what extent – nano-silver particles will enter the body. The outcomes of these tests will determine the requirements for further toxicity testing.
Molecular characterization of a mouse Y chromosomal repetitive sequence that detects transcripts in the testis (1992)

145SC5 is a Y chromosomal repetitive sequence isolated from a BALB/c mouse and is unique in that it detects poly(A)-containing transcripts in the testis. We determined nucleotide sequences of 145SC5 and a related cDNA clone designated PC11 and compared their sequences to that of pYMT2/B, another related cDNA clone. 145SC5 and PC11 are almost identical (97%), while PC11 and pYMT2/B share 84% identity. In situ hybridization and Southern blot analysis with XXSxr male mice demonstrated that 145SC5-related sequences were distributed over the entire length of the Y chromosome including the short arm. Two types of Y chromosome are present in inbred mouse strains: the Mus musculus musculus type and M.m. domesticus type. Among 26 inbred strains surveyed, 145SC5 detected polymorphims only in the M.m. domesticus Y chromosome.
Incretin‐based treatment of type 2 diabetes: glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors* (2007)

Incretins are gut peptides that potentiate nutrient-stimulated insulin secretion following meal ingestion. Activities of the dominant incretins, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, include glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion and, in preclinical models, improvement in islet beta-cell mass. GLP-1 additionally reduces glucagon secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and promotes satiety. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exhibit reduced total and intact GLP-1 levels, and exogenous administration of the hormone via continuous infusion results in glucose profiles similar to those in non-diabetic subjects. Incretins are rapidly degraded by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). Thus, strategies to enhance incretin activity have included development of GLP-1 receptor agonists resistant to the action of DPP-4 (e.g. exenatide and liraglutide) and DPP-4 inhibitors that act to increase concentrations of endogenous intact incretins (e.g. sitagliptin and vildagliptin). Clinical trials of these incretin-based therapies have shown them to be effective in improving glycaemic control in patients with T2DM.
Novel 2-Aminopyrimidine Carbamates as Potent and Orally Active Inhibitors of Lck:  Synthesis, SAR, and in Vivo Antiinflammatory Activity (2006)

The lymphocyte-specific kinase (Lck) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase of the Src family expressed in T cells and NK cells. Genetic evidence in both mice and humans demonstrates that Lck kinase activity is critical for signaling mediated by the T cell receptor (TCR), which leads to normal T cell development and activation. A small molecule inhibitor of Lck is expected to be useful in the treatment of T cell-mediated autoimmune and inflammatory disorders and/or organ transplant rejection. In this paper, we describe the synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and pharmacological characterization of 2-aminopyrimidine carbamates, a new class of compounds with potent and selective inhibition of Lck. The most promising compound of this series, 2,6-dimethylphenyl 2-((3,5-bis(methyloxy)-4-((3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propyl)oxy)phenyl)amino)-4-pyrimidinyl(2,4-bis(methyloxy)phenyl)carbamate (43) exhibits good activity when evaluated in in vitro assays and in an in vivo model of T cell activation.
Experiment Investigation of R134a Flow Boiling Process in Microchannel With Cavitation Structure (2010)

Abstract One cavitation structure in which the channel cross section expanded suddenly was introduced in single straight microchannel. The experiment was carried out with R-134a as the fluid medium, which was driven by a gear pump. The flow pattern was observed by a charged coupled device (CCD) camera and microscope. The average boiling heat transfer coefficient was estimated with the calculation method proposed in this paper. The experimental results show that the boiling began at the cavitation structure, and stable flow boiling was maintained. When heat power rose, the boiling became strong; then the pressure drop in the micro-channel increased and heat transfer was enhanced. The liquid percentage in two-phase flow increased and the length of boiling area became small when the liquid subcooling degree rose with the fixed heat power. Acknowledgments This study was supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (grant 50676099). Hong Zhang Cao is an assistant professor at Institute of Engineering Thermal Physics (IET), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Prior to joining IET, he worked at Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, CAS, as a postdoctoral research associate. He received his Ph.D. from IET, CAS, Beijing, in 2006. His research interests include porous heat and mass transfer, micro-scale flow and heat transfer, and advanced electronic cooling technology. He is currently working on cavitation and boiling coupled phenomena in microchannels and advanced heat managing technology. Hong Bo Xu is an assistant researcher in Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He received a doctoral degree in refrigeration and cryogenic engineering from Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, in 2009. His research interests focus on microchannel heat transfer, especially on microchannel cooling for high heat flux dissipation. He has co-authored 10 papers in archival journals and conference proceedings, and has two Chinese patents. Nan Liang is a Ph.D. student at the Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences. He worked on the simulation of a refrigeration system and on two-phase flow heat and mass transfer, especially focused on the instability of evaporation. His doctoral research is on the instability of refrigeration system. Chang Qing Tian is a professor at the Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He received a doctoral degree in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning from Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, in 2003, and worked postdoctorally in the Department of Thermal Engineering, Tsinghua University, from 2003 to 2005. His research interests include microchannel heat transfer, heat pumps, automobile air conditioning, and new technology for the built environment. He has co-authored four books and more than 80 papers.
Bocavirus Episome in Infected Human Tissue Contains Non-Identical Termini (2011)

HBoV have been found in healthy human controls as well as individuals with respiratory or gastrointestinal disease. Our findings suggest that HBoV DNA can exist as episomes in infected human tissues and therefore can likely establish persistent infection in the host. Previous efforts to grow HBoV in cell culture and to develop reverse genetic systems have been unsuccessful. Complete genomic sequence of the HBoV3 episome and its genomic termini will improve our understanding of HBoV replication mechanism and its pathogenesis.
Chemisorption sites on porous silica glass and on mixed-oxide catalysts (1968)

It has been shown previously that two types of adsorption sites exist on the surface of porous silica glass (Corning code no. 7930) for the adsorption of polar molecules, such as ammonia. One site is the surface hydroxyl group which forms a hydrogen bond to the adsorbate molecule. The second type of site is provided by traces of foreign oxides on the glass surface.In the present study, the infrared spectrum of ammonia adsorbed on the silica glass has been compared with that of ammonia adsorbed on samples prepared by adding B 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , and Al 2 O 3 to a pure silica powder. This comparison suggests that surface boron atoms (a Lewis acid) are the adsorption sites for ammonia on the porous silica glass. An additional type of site (a Bronsted acid or a different type of Lewis acid site, such as aluminium atoms) may exist in small concentrations on the glass and be responsible for isomerization and polymerization reactions with olefins.
European Non‐Invasive Trisomy Evaluation (EU‐NITE) study: a multicenter prospective cohort study for non‐invasive fetal trisomy 21 testing (2013)

This is the first prospective European multicenter study showing that non-invasive prenatal testing using directed sequencing of cell-free DNA applied to blood samples shipped across the Atlantic Ocean, is highly accurate for assessing risk of fetal T21.
Expression of a truncated tau protein induces oxidative stress in a rodent model of tauopathy (2006)

Truncation of tau protein and oxidative stress have been implicated as important pathogenetic events in tauopathies including Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have generated a transgenic rat model that expresses a human truncated tau protein analogous to a variant form derived from sporadic AD. We employed this model to investigate the relationship between tau protein truncation and oxidative stress. We have found that rat cortical neurons (derived from transgenic animals) that had been cultured in vitro for 16 days showed an increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (up to 1.4-fold increase; P < 0.01) when compared to neurons derived from nontransgenic control animals. Transgene-expressing neurons treated with inducers of oxidative stress, such as glucose oxidase (GO) and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), displayed dramatically reduced survival (31.4 +/- 3.3 and 24.9 +/- 3.6%, respectively; both P < 0.001) compared to neurons from control animals (79.9 +/- 7.1%, survival following treatment with GO and to 98.2 +/- 3.8%, survival following treatment with BSO). The number of mitochondria in processes of neurons from transgenic animals was decreased by about one-third from that present in neurons from control animals. The results reveal that expression of a human truncated variant form of tau protein leads to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and sensitizes rat cortical neurons to cell death induced by oxidative stress. This indicates that truncation of tau may precede oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD and other tauopathies. These findings may have implications for therapeutic strategies aiming at prevention of neurofibrillary degeneration and cognitive decline, and identify potential new targets for drug development.
In Vitro Elution of Tobramycin From Bioabsorbable Polycaprolactone Beads (2001)

These in vitro results show that PCL has superior antibiotic elution characteristics compared with PMMA, and this may translate into a more effective antibiotic delivery vehicle. In addition, PCL is a bioabsorbable polymer, which may decrease the need for a second surgical procedure to remove retained beads.