gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High dynamic range image rendering with a retinex-based adaptive filter (2006)

We propose a new method to render high dynamic range images that models global and local adaptation of the human visual system. Our method is based on the center-surround Retinex model. The novelties of our method is first to use an adaptive filter, whose shape follows the image high-contrast edges, thus reducing halo artifacts common to other methods. Second, only the luminance channel is processed, which is defined by the first component of a principal component analysis. Principal component analysis provides orthogonality between channels and thus reduces the chromatic changes caused by the modification of luminance. We show that our method efficiently renders high dynamic range images and we compare our results with the current state of the art.
siRNA for inflammatory diseases. (2009)

Infection is generally followed by inflammation; uncontrolled inflammation often precedes multiple organ failure and cancer. In this review, recent developments on the potential use of siRNAs in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the liver, lung, joints and colon are summarized. Although target identification and a high degree of efficacy of siRNA have been achieved in cell culture studies in vitro, the major challenge has been the identification of acceptable delivery systems for in vivo application. In addition to delivery challenges, off-target effects and interferon response are major hurdles to overcome before a suitable siRNA formulation can be developed as a therapeutic. Nevertheless, recent preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated promise in the treatment of diseases related to inflammation of the joints, lungs and colon, where delivery of siRNAs can be achieved without systemic administration.
The current status of low level laser therapy in detistry. Part 2. Hard tissue applications (1997)

While most applications of low level laser therapy (LLLT) in dentistry are directed toward soft tissues, in recent years there has been increasing interest in tooth-related or hard tissue applications of LLLT. This report provides an overview of applications of LLLT in the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity and pain arising from the periodontal ligament, and describes the phenomenon of lethal laser photosensitization and its applications in the treatment of dental caries. Technical aspects of LLLT equipment and safety concerns are also discussed.
Nuclear transcriptiońal activity of the tobacco plastidpsbA promoter (1989)

The plastid psbA promoter of tobacco was used with the aim to construct plastid specific marker genes. Upon transfer to the tobacco nuclear genome the plastid promoter fragment appeared to specify a messenger RNA. Placed 5' to the bar or nptII coding sequences the level of expression is sufficient to obtain a selectable phenotype. The transcription start site in the nucleus is site specific and is located 4 nucleotides downstream relative to the start site used in plastids. Translational fusions of the psbA coding sequence with the nptII and bar coding sequences revealed that the psbA leader sequence and the psbA translation start codon, being the second ATG codon, are recognized by the plant cytoplasmic translation apparatus. A promoter cassette utilisable in both E. coli and tobacco, was obtained by placing the CaMV 35S enhancer 5' to the psbA promoter.
Characterization of an Intense Bitter-Tasting 1H,4H-Quinolizinium-7-olate by Application of the Taste Dilution Analysis, a Novel Bioassay for the Screening and Identification of Taste-Active Compounds in Foods (2000)

Thermal treatment of aqueous solutions of xylose and primary amino acids led to rapid development of a bitter taste of the reaction mixture. To characterize the key compound causing this bitter taste, a novel bioassay, which is based on the determination of the taste threshold of reaction products in serial dilutions of HPLC fractions, was developed to select the most intense taste compounds in the complex mixture of Maillard reaction products. By application of this so-called taste dilution analysis (TDA) 21 fractions were obtained, among which 1 fraction was evaluated with by far the highest taste impact. Carefully planned LC-MS as well as 1D and 2D NMR experiments were, therefore, focused on the compound contributing the most to the intense bitter taste of the Maillard mixture and led to its unequivocal identification as the previously unknown 3-(2-furyl)-8-[(2-furyl)methyl]-4-hydroxymethyl-1-oxo-1H,4H-quinolizinium-7-olate. This novel compound, which we name quinizolate, exhibited an intense bitter taste at an extraordinarily low detection threshold of 0.00025 mmol/kg of water. As this novel taste compound was found to have 2000- and 28-fold lower threshold concentrations than the standard bitter compounds caffeine and quinine hydrochloride, respectively, quinizolate might be one of the most intense bitter compounds reported so far.
Tip cell-specific requirement for an atypical Gpr124- and Reck-dependent Wnt/β-catenin pathway during brain angiogenesis (2015)

Despite the critical role of endothelial Wnt/β-catenin signaling during central nervous system (CNS) vascularization, how endothelial cells sense and respond to specific Wnt ligands and what aspects of the multistep process of intra-cerebral blood vessel morphogenesis are controlled by these angiogenic signals remain poorly understood. We addressed these questions at single-cell resolution in zebrafish embryos. We identify the GPI-anchored MMP inhibitor Reck and the adhesion GPCR Gpr124 as integral components of a Wnt7a/Wnt7b-specific signaling complex required for brain angiogenesis and dorsal root ganglia neurogenesis. We further show that this atypical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway selectively controls endothelial tip cell function and hence, that mosaic restoration of single wild-type tip cells in Wnt/β-catenin-deficient perineural vessels is sufficient to initiate the formation of CNS vessels. Our results identify molecular determinants of ligand specificity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and provide evidence for organ-specific control of vascular invasion through tight modulation of tip cell function.
Determination of Efficacy of New Hemostatic Dressings in a Model of Extremity Arterial Hemorrhage in Swine (2009)

CG was the most effective dressing tested in this arterial hemorrhage model. The hemostatic property of CG is attributed to its raw material (nonwoven Rayon and polyester blend), kaolin coating, and the large surface area (3 inch x 4 yd) of this absorbent sponge. CG is now recommended as the first line of treatment for life-threatening hemorrhage on the battlefield, replacing HC.
Xenotransplantation (2012)

Abstract The transplantation of organs and tissues across species is called xenotransplantation. The most likely source of animal organs and cells for transplantation into humans is the pig. Pigs, therefore, have been genetically engineered to provide their tissues with some protection against the human immune response. The classical ‘rejection’ of pig organs has largely been overcome, but thromboses (clots) occur in the small blood vessels of the graft. Pigs with human ‘antithrombotic’ genes are now becoming available and it is hoped will prevent this complication. Hearts from genetically engineered pigs have functioned in nonhuman primates for up to 8 months, and pig pancreatic islets (that produce insulin) have controlled diabetes in monkeys for longer than 1 year. The safety of xenotransplantation remains of some concern. Is there a risk of the transfer of a pig infectious microorganism into the community? Present evidence is that this potential risk is low. This potential, however, has legal and regulatory implications. Key Concepts: There is a critical shortage of organs from deceased humans for transplantation into patients with vital organ failure. There are an estimated one and a half million people in the USA alone with Type 1 (juvenile) diabetes who might benefit by the transplantation of pancreatic islets (which secrete insulin). Because of its anatomical and physiological similarities to humans, the pig is in many ways a suitable source of organs and cells for transplantation into patients. Protection from the primate immune response can be achieved in pigs by genetic engineering, which largely consists of introducing into the pig one or more human ‘protective’ genes. The major remaining problem appears to be a tendency for thromboses (clots) to form in the blood vessels of the pig organ graft, but it is hoped this will be resolved by the introduction of human ‘antithrombotic’ genes into the pig. There is some concern that a pig infectious microorganism could be transferred to the human recipient of a pig organ and that this microorganism could be passed on to the recipient's contacts, but this risk is now considered to be low. Clinical trials of pig organ and cell transplantation will need to be regulated by national regulatory agencies such as the FDA in the USA.
Targeted Delivery of PLK1-siRNA by ScFv Suppresses Her2 + Breast Cancer Growth and Metastasis (2012)

A major obstacle to developing small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) as cancer drugs is their intracellular delivery to disseminated cancer cells. Fusion proteins of single-chain fragmented antibodies (ScFvs) and positively charged peptides deliver siRNAs into specific target cells. However, the therapeutic potential of ScFv-mediated siRNA delivery has not been evaluated in cancer. Here, we tested whether Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) siRNAs complexed with a Her2-ScFv-protamine peptide fusion protein (F5-P) could suppress Her2(+) breast cancer cell lines and primary human cancers in orthotopic breast cancer models. PLK1-siRNAs transferred by F5-P inhibited target gene expression, reduced proliferation, and induced apoptosis of Her2(+) breast cancer cell lines and primary human cancer cells in vitro without triggering an interferon response. Intravenously injected F5-P/PLK1-siRNA complexes concentrated in orthotopic Her2(+) breast cancer xenografts and persisted for at least 72 hours, leading to suppressed PLK1 gene expression and tumor cell apoptosis. The intravenously injected siRNA complexes retarded Her2(+) breast tumor growth, reduced metastasis, and prolonged survival without evident toxicity. F5-P-mediated delivery of a cocktail of PLK1, CCND1, and AKT siRNAs was more effective than an equivalent dose of PLK1-siRNAs alone. These data suggest that F5-P could be used to deliver siRNAs to treat Her2(+) breast cancer.
Multidrug Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (1991)

lymphoma versus 189/mm 3 in those with systemic lymphoma, and there was a history of AIDS prior to the lymphoma in 73% versus 37% (7). As patients with HIV infection live longer without an increase in CD4 cells, they may be expected to develop disproportionate numbers of primary CNS lymphomas. It is this group, specifically, that may be most underreported, as physicians choose not to pursue additional diagnostic procedures and as neurosurgeons fail to perform those invasive procedures required for appropriate diagnosis. It is important to note, as well, that the incidence of primary CNS lymphoma has recently increased among all population groups in the United States, independent of the presence of underlying HIV infection (8). The reasons for this increase are unknown, but it is certainly possible that various cofactors in addition to HIV may be operative, which may serve to further increase the risk of this complication among patients with AIDS.
New Hope in HIV Disease (1996)

14721MetricsTotal Downloads147Last 6 Months90Last 12 Months99Total Citations21Last 6 Months0Last 12 Months0View all metrics
Semi-Synthesis of Triterpene A-ring Derivatives from Oleanolic and Maslinic Acids. Theoretical and experimental 13 C chemical shifts (2000)

Oleanolic and maslinic acids were isolated from solid waste from olive oil and several derivatives were semi-synthesised using typical reaction procedures. Experimental and theoretical (GIAO, B3LYP/6-31G * //MM+) 13 C NMR chemical shifts for 21 compounds are given.
Transrepressive Function of TLX Requires the Histone Demethylase LSD1 (2008)

TLX is an orphan nuclear receptor (also called NR2E1) that regulates the expression of target genes by functioning as a constitutive transrepressor. The physiological significance of TLX in the cytodifferentiation of neural cells in the brain is known. However, the corepressors supporting the transrepressive function of TLX have yet to be identified. In this report, Y79 retinoblastoma cells were subjected to biochemical techniques to purify proteins that interact with TLX, and we identified LSD1 (also called KDM1), which appears to form a complex with CoREST and histone deacetylase 1. LSD1 interacted with TLX directly through its SWIRM and amine oxidase domains. LSD1 potentiated the transrepressive function of TLX through its histone demethylase activity as determined by a luciferase assay using a genomically integrated reporter gene. LSD1 and TLX were recruited to a TLX-binding site in the PTEN gene promoter, accompanied by the demethylation of H3K4me2 and deacetylation of H3. Knockdown of either TLX or LSD1 derepressed expression of the endogenous PTEN gene and inhibited cell proliferation of Y79 cells. Thus, the present study suggests that LSD1 is a prime corepressor for TLX.
Rapid purification and characterisation of HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase and RNaseH engineered to incorporate a C‐terminal tripeptide α‐tubulin epitope (1991)

The C-termini of p66 and p51 forms of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase have been engineered to contain a Glu-Glu-Phe sequence recognized by a monoclonal antibody to alpha-tubulin, YL1/2. Mutated RTs were purified in a single step using peptide elution from columns of immobilized YL1/2. The known sequence requirements of the YL1/2 epitope are consistent with protein eluting from the column with an intact C-terminus. Kinetic parameters of these mutated RTs are essentially unchanged from wild-type enzyme. The p15 RNaseH domain has been purified using this method and shown to have low enzyme activity compared to the parental p66 subunit.
Effect of Systemic Glucocorticoids on Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (1999)

Although their clinical efficacy is unclear and they may cause serious adverse effects, systemic glucocorticoids are a standard treatment for patients hospitalized with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We conducted a double-blind, randomized trial of systemic glucocorticoids (given for two or eight weeks) or placebo, in addition to other therapies, for exacerbations of COPD. Most other care was standardized over the six-month period of follow-up. The primary end point was treatment failure, defined as death from any cause or the need for intubation and mechanical ventilation, readmission to the hospital for COPD, or intensification of drug therapy.
Correlation between TCA cycle flux and glucose uptake rate during respiro-fermentative growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2009)

Glucose repression of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated under different environmental conditions using 13 C-tracer experiments. Real-time quantification of the volatile metabolites ethanol and CO 2 allowed accurate carbon balancing. In all experiments with the wild-type, a strong correlation between the rates of growth and glucose uptake was observed, indicating a constant yield of biomass. In contrast, glycerol and acetate production rates were less dependent on the rate of glucose uptake, but were affected by environmental conditions. The glycerol production rate was highest during growth in high-osmolarity medium (2.9 mmol g −1 h −1 ), while the highest acetate production rate of 2.1 mmol g −1 h −1 was observed in alkaline medium of pH 6.9. Under standard growth conditions (25 g glucose l −1 , pH 5.0, 30 °C) S. cerevisiae had low fluxes through the pentose phosphate pathway and the TCA cycle. A significant increase in TCA cycle activity from 0.03 mmol g −1 h −1 to about 1.7 mmol g −1 h −1 was observed when S. cerevisiae grew more slowly as a result of environmental perturbations, including unfavourable pH values and sodium chloride stress. Compared to experiments with high glucose uptake rates, the ratio of CO 2 to ethanol increased more than 50 %, indicating an increase in flux through the TCA cycle. Although glycolysis and the ethanol production pathway still exhibited the highest fluxes, the net flux through the TCA cycle increased significantly with decreasing glucose uptake rates. Results from experiments with single gene deletion mutants partially impaired in glucose repression ( hxk2 , grr1 ) indicated that the rate of glucose uptake correlates with this increase in TCA cycle flux. These findings are discussed in the context of regulation of glucose repression.
Natural Killer T Cell Ligand α-Galactosylceramide Enhances Protective Immunity Induced by Malaria Vaccines (2002)

The important role played by CD8(+) T lymphocytes in the control of parasitic and viral infections, as well as tumor development, has raised the need for the development of adjuvants capable of enhancing cell-mediated immunity. It is well established that protective immunity against liver stages of malaria parasites is primarily mediated by CD8(+) T cells in mice. Activation of natural killer T (NKT) cells by the glycolipid ligand, alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer), causes bystander activation of NK, B, CD4(+), and CD8(+) T cells. Our study shows that coadministration of alpha-GalCer with suboptimal doses of irradiated sporozoites or recombinant viruses expressing a malaria antigen greatly enhances the level of protective anti-malaria immunity in mice. We also show that coadministration of alpha-GalCer with various different immunogens strongly enhances antigen-specific CD8(+) T cell responses, and to a lesser degree, Th1-type responses. The adjuvant effects of alpha-GalCer require CD1d molecules, Valpha14 NKT cells, and interferon gamma. As alpha-GalCer stimulates both human and murine NKT cells, these findings should contribute to the design of more effective vaccines against malaria and other intracellular pathogens, as well as tumors.
Gene expression profile of bladder tissue of patients with ulcerative interstitial cystitis (2009)

Interstitial cystitis (IC), a chronic bladder disease with an increasing incidence, is diagnosed using subjective symptoms in combination with cystoscopic and histological evidence. By cystoscopic examination, IC can be classified into an ulcerative and a non-ulcerative subtype. To better understand this debilitating disease on a molecular level, a comparative gene expression profile of bladder biopsies from patients with ulcerative IC and control patients has been performed. Gene expression profiles from bladder biopsies of five patients with ulcerative IC and six control patients were generated using Affymetrix GeneChip expression arrays (Affymetrix – GeneChip® Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0). More than 31,000 of > 54,000 tested probe sets were present (detection p-value < 0.05). The difference between the two groups was significant for over 3,500 signals (t-test p-value < 0.01), and approximately 2,000 of the signals (corresponding to approximately 1,000 genes) showed an IC-to-healthy expression ratio greater than two. The IC pattern had similarities to patterns from immune system, lymphatic, and autoimmune diseases. The dominant biological processes were the immune and inflammatory responses. Many of the up-regulated genes were expressed in leukocytes, suggesting that leukocyte invasion into the bladder wall is a dominant feature of ulcerative IC. Histopathological data supported these findings. GeneChip expression arrays present a global picture of ulcerative IC and provide us with a series of marker genes characteristic for this subtype of the disease. Evaluation of biopsies from other bladder patients with similar symptoms (e.g. patients with non-ulcerative IC) will further indicate whether the data presented here will be valuable for the diagnosis of IC.
Dynamics of peristrophic multiplexing in holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (2014)

In this article, we derive a two-dimensional nonlocal diffusion model utilising finite difference time domain method, which describes the dynamics of how multiple holographic gratings are formed in a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal film for peristrophic multiplexing storage. This model takes into account the diffusion processes of both the free monomer and the liquid crystal molecules, and the polymerisation kinetics in the overlapped regions of multiple holographic gratings. We have experimentally found out that there exists a bounce in the diffraction efficiency for multiplexed gratings at relatively low-exposure intensities, which is undesirable for recording the equal-strength holograms. Instead, the equal-strength holograms can be stored under relatively high-exposure intensities. To predict the occurrence of bounce, the temporal evolutions of the refractive index modulation are estimated and then verified by the experimental results. The appropriate holographic exposure intensity for recording the equal-strength hologram is suggested.
Acquisition of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Phenotype of Gemcitabine-Resistant Pancreatic Cancer Cells Is Linked with Activation of the Notch Signaling Pathway (2009)

Despite rapid advances in many fronts, pancreatic cancer (PC) remains one of the most difficult human malignancies to treat due, in part, to de novo and acquired chemoresistance and radioresistance. Gemcitabine alone or in combination with other conventional therapeutics is the standard of care for the treatment of advanced PC without any significant improvement in the overall survival of patients diagnosed with this deadly disease. Previous studies have shown that PC cells that are gemcitabine-resistant (GR) acquired epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype, which is reminiscent of "cancer stem-like cells"; however, the molecular mechanism that led to EMT phenotype has not been fully investigated. The present study shows that Notch-2 and its ligand, Jagged-1, are highly up-regulated in GR cells, which is consistent with the role of the Notch signaling pathway in the acquisition of EMT and cancer stem-like cell phenotype. We also found that the down-regulation of Notch signaling was associated with decreased invasive behavior of GR cells. Moreover, down-regulation of Notch signaling by siRNA approach led to partial reversal of the EMT phenotype, resulting in the mesenchymal-epithelial transition, which was associated with decreased expression of vimentin, ZEB1, Slug, Snail, and nuclear factor-kappaB. These results provide molecular evidence showing that the activation of Notch signaling is mechanistically linked with chemoresistance phenotype (EMT phenotype) of PC cells, suggesting that the inactivation of Notch signaling by novel strategies could be a potential targeted therapeutic approach for overcoming chemoresistance toward the prevention of tumor progression and/or treatment of metastatic PC.