gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Leptospiral Major Outer Membrane Protein LipL32 Is a Lipoprotein Expressed during Mammalian Infection (2000)

We report the cloning of the gene encoding the 32-kDa lipoprotein, designated LipL32, the most prominent protein in the leptospiral protein profile. We obtained the N-terminal amino acid sequence of a staphylococcal V8 proteolytic-digest fragment to design an oligonucleotide probe. A Lambda-Zap II library containing EcoRI fragments of Leptospira kirschneri DNA was screened, and a 5.0-kb DNA fragment which contained the entire structural lipL32 gene was identified. Several lines of evidence indicate that LipL32 is lipid modified in a manner similar to that of other procaryotic lipoproteins. The deduced amino acid sequence of LipL32 would encode a 272-amino-acid polypeptide with a 19-amino-acid signal peptide, followed by a lipoprotein signal peptidase cleavage site. LipL32 is intrinsically labeled during incubation of L. kirschneri in media containing [(3)H]palmitate. The linkage of palmitate and the amino-terminal cysteine of LipL32 is acid labile. LipL32 is completely solubilized by Triton X-114 extraction of L. kirschneri; phase separation results in partitioning of LipL32 exclusively into the hydrophobic, detergent phase, indicating that it is a component of the leptospiral outer membrane. CaCl(2) (20 mM) must be present during phase separation for recovery of LipL32. LipL32 is expressed not only during cultivation but also during mammalian infection. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated intense LipL32 reactivity with L. kirschneri infecting proximal tubules of hamster kidneys. LipL32 is also a prominent immunogen during human leptospirosis. The sequence and expression of LipL32 is highly conserved among pathogenic Leptospira species. These findings indicate that LipL32 may be important in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prevention of leptospirosis.
Studying ischemic preconditioning in isolated cardiomyocyte models (2006)

Isolated cardiomyocytes, obtained by enzymatic digestion of whole hearts, have multiple advantages, most related to their accessibility to microscopic visualization, beyond the obvious elimination of other cell types that exist in the heart. Conversely, they cannot reproduce the mechanical disruption of reperfusion hypercontracture or the vascular phenomena of leukocyte plugging and compression from interstitial edema and contracture that can lead to the no-reflow phenomenon. Nevertheless, ischemic preconditioning has been consistently demonstrated to be a potent protective mechanism in freshly isolated and cultured cardiomyocytes across multiple species, indicating that much of the innate protection of ischemic preconditioning resides in cardiomyocytes. Centrifuging freshly isolated cardiomyocytes into a pellet with only a thin layer of supernatant covered by oil has proven to be an excellent model of simulated ischemia. In culture, cardiomyocytes may be exposed to severe hypoxia only or to various protocols for simulated ischemia in which an acid/lactate-rich, hyperkalemic extracellular environment with substrate deprivation (lacking glucose) is typically added. Reperfusion is simulated by well-oxygenated media of normal ionic composition. Cardiomyocyte injury has been usually evaluated by cell membrane permeability to dyes, often under hypo-osmotic conditions (osmotic fragility) or enzyme release. A survey of the use of cardiomyocyte models to study preconditioning is presented with the emphasis on examples of the innovative measurements, increasingly involving molecular techniques, that point to an increasing future role for these models in preconditioning research and, more generally, in the mechanistic study of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion.
An auditory oddball (P300) spelling system for brain‐computer interfaces (2009)

This study was designed to develop and test an auditory event-related potential (ERP) based spelling system for a brain-computer interface (BCI) and to compare user's performance between the auditory and visual modality. The spelling system, where letters in a matrix were coded with acoustically presented numbers, was tested on a group of healthy volunteers. The results were compared with a visual spelling system. Nine of the 13 participants presented with the auditory ERP spelling system scored above a predefined criterion level control for communication. Compared to the visual spelling system, users' performance was lower and the peak latencies of the auditorily evoked ERPs were delayed. It was concluded that auditorily evoked ERPs from the majority of the users could be reliably classified. High accuracies were achieved in these users, rendering item selection with a BCI based on auditory stimulation feasible for communication.
Requirement of FGF-4 for Postimplantation Mouse Development (1995)

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are thought to influence many processes in vertebrate development because of their diverse sites of expression and wide range of biological activities in in vitro culture systems. As a means of elucidating embryonic functions of FGF-4, gene targeting was used to generate mice harboring a disrupted Fgf4 gene. Embryos homozygous for the null allele underwent uterine implantation and induced uterine decidualization but did not develop substantially thereafter. As was consistent with their behavior in vivo, Fgf4 null embryos cultured in vitro displayed severely impaired proliferation of the inner cell mass, whereas growth and differentiation of the inner cell mass were rescued when null embryos were cultured in the presence of FGF-4 protein.
Relative efficacy of some prokinetic drugs in morphine-induced gastrointestinal transit delay in mice (2003)

Metoclopramide and cisapride are most effective in reversing morphine-induced delay in gastric emptying and small intestinal transit in mice respectively.
Controlled synthesis of glycopolymers with pendant D-glucosamine residues by living cationic polymerization (1997)

D-glucosamine-containing glycopolymers with well-controlled structure were synthesized by living cationic polymerization. To this end, D-glucosamine-containing vinyl ether (VE) of the type [CH2()CH(OCH2CH2OR)] was prepared, where R denotes a 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimide-β-D-glucopyranoside, i.e., the hydroxyl and amino groups in D-glucosamine residues are protected by acetyl and phthaloyl groups, respectively. It was found that (1) the efficient living cationic polymerization of VE monomer is achieved by a combination of ethylaluminum dichloride (EtAlCl2) with an adduct of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and isobutyl VE (IBVE) [CH3CH(OiBu)OCOCF3] (i.e., TFA/EtAlCl2 initiating system); and (2) the polymerization in toluene at the elevated temperature (0°C) is most suitable to proceed the homogeneous polymerization over the whole conversion range. The molecular weight distribution of the resulting polymers was very narrow (\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {\bar M}_w/{\bar M}_n \sim 1.1 $\end{document}). Quantitative deprotection of the resulting precursor polymers was successfully achieved with hydrazine monohydrate to afford the corresponding water-soluble polymers with pendant D-glucosamine residues. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 751–757, 1997
Mutational analysis of a Ser/Thr phosphatase. Identification of residues important in phosphoesterase substrate binding and catalysis (1994)

The Ser/Thr phosphoprotein phosphatases (PPases) display similarities in amino acid sequence and biochemical properties. Most members of this family require transition metal ions for activity. The smallest family member, the bacteriophage lambda PPase (lambda-PPase), has been successfully overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and characterized (Zhuo, S., Clemens, J.C., Hakes, D.J., Barford, D., and Dixon, J. E. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 17754-17761). Site-directed mutagenesis has now been employed to define amino acid residues in lambda-PPase required for metal ion binding and catalysis. Conservative amino acid substitutions at residues Asp20, His22, Asp49, His76, and Glu77 affected lambda-PPase catalysis and metal ion binding, whereas substitutions at residues Arg53 and Arg73 affected catalysis and substrate binding. Each of these residues is invariant in all phosphoprotein phosphatases, suggesting that these residues may play important roles in binding and catalysis in all of the PPases. Computer-assisted sequence alignment further revealed that lambda-PPase residues Asp20, His22, Asp49, His76, Arg53, and Arg73 lie within three larger regions of PPase sequence identity with the consensus sequence (DXH-(approximately 25)-GDXXD-(approximately 25)-GNHD/E). This motif can be found in a wide variety of phosphoesterases unrelated to the PPases and defines structural and catalytic features utilized by a diverse group of enzymes for the hydrolysis of phosphate esters.
Fibroblast subpopulations as accelerators of tumor progression: The role of migration stimulating factor (1995)

Tumor progression is a relatively indolent process, with many years commonly intervening between the inception of an initiating genetic lesion and the development of overt malignant disease. We suggest that the perturbation of normal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions caused by the inappropriate presence of fibroblast subpopulations displaying various 'fetal-like' phenotypic characteristics may significantly alter the kinetics of tumor progression and hence enhance susceptibility to cancer development. In this communication, we review our own data indicating the presence of fetal-like fibroblasts in cancer patients and put these observations in the context of similar published reports. We then discuss our interpretation of these findings, emphasising the possible direct involvement of fetal-like fibroblasts in cancer pathogenesis and putting forward an epigenetic 'clonal modulation' model to account for their presence in cancer patients.
The effects of electrical stimulation of myelinated and non‐myelinated vagal fibres on heart rate in the rabbit. (1986)

The bradycardia evoked by electrical stimulation of the peripheral end of the rabbit vagus nerve is mediated by both myelinated and non-myelinated fibres. Stimulation of myelinated fibres at 5 Hz for 20 s resulted in a fall in heart rate from a control value of 204 +/- 1.3 to 182 +/- 1.2 beats min-1 (means + S.E. of means). On stimulation of both myelinated and non-myelinated fibres, heart rate fell to 169 +/- 2.1 beats min-1. Heart rate returned rapidly to control value following stimulation of myelinated fibres but only slowly after stimulation of both myelinated and non-myelinated fibres. Thus recruitment of non-myelinated fibres increased both the magnitude and duration of the bradycardia. Atropine abolished all effects of vagal stimulation on heart rate. Hexamethonium abolished the effect of myelinated fibres on heart rate; however, recruitment of non-myelinated fibres still produced a bradycardia. It is suggested that the prolonged effect following stimulation of non-myelinated fibres may reflect the persistent action of a non-cholinergic excitatory transmitter at the ganglion.
A switchable light field camera architecture with Angle Sensitive Pixels and dictionary-based sparse coding (2014)

We propose a flexible light field camera architecture that is at the convergence of optics, sensor electronics, and applied mathematics. Through the co-design of a sensor that comprises tailored, Angle Sensitive Pixels and advanced reconstruction algorithms, we show that—contrary to light field cameras today—our system can use the same measurements captured in a single sensor image to recover either a high-resolution 2D image, a low-resolution 4D light field using fast, linear processing, or a high-resolution light field using sparsity-constrained optimization.
Stereochemical assignment of neocarzinostatin chromophore. Structures of neocarzinostatin chromophore-methyl thioglycolate adducts (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereochemical assignment of neocarzinostatin chromophore. Structures of neocarzinostatin chromophore-methyl thioglycolate adductsAndrew G. Myers, Philip J. Proteau, and Tracy M. HandelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 21, 7212–7214Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00229a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00229a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views553Altmetric-Citations160LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Reduced Dimensionality in Organic Electro-Optic Materials: Theory and Defined Order (2010)

Identification of electronic intermolecular electrostatic interactions that can significantly enhance poling-induced order is important to the advancement of the field of organic electro-optics. Here, we demonstrate an example of such improvement achieved through exploitation of the interaction of coumarin pendant groups in chromophore-containing macromolecules. Acentric order enhancement is explained in terms of lattice-symmetry effects, where constraint of orientational degrees of freedom alters the relationship between centrosymmetric and acentric order. We demonstrate both experimentally and theoretically that lattice dimensionality can be defined using the relationship between centrosymmetric order and acentric order. Experimentally: Acentric order is determined by attenuated total reflection measurement of electro-optic activity coupled with hyper-Rayleigh scattering measurement of molecular first hyperpolarizability, and centrosymmetric order is determined by the variable angle polarization referenced absorption spectroscopy method. Theoretically: Order is determined from statistical mechanical models that predict the properties of soft condensed matter.
Enhanced ADCC and NK Cell Activation of an Anticarcinoma Bispecific Antibody by Genetic Insertion of a Modified IL-15 Cross-linker (2016)

Previously, we constructed a bispecific NK-cell-engager (BiKE) bearing single-chain variable fragments (scFv) against CD16 on NK cells and EpCAM on tumor cells. This BiKE facilitated antigen-specific antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) but did not induce NK cell expansion. We incorporated a modified interleukin-15 cross-linker to create a trispecific construct (TriKE) in order to improve activation, proliferation, and survival of NK cells. Synthesis and assembly of hybrid genes encoding the TriKE was accomplished using DNA-shuffling and DNA-ligation techniques. The TriKE was tested for specificity, efficacy, proliferative capability, and cytokine profile using functional assays. The molecular modifications improved yield without compromising binding to EpCAM(+) HT-29 colorectal carcinoma cells. (51)Chromium-release and degranulation assays showed better killing rates with TriKE compared to BiKE. TriKE was more active in a variety of different carcinoma cell lines. TriKE showed the ability to stimulate expansion of CD56(+)CD3(-) NK cells. BiKE and TriKE showed enhanced but not supraphysiologic levels of cytokine secretion. 1615EpCAM TriKE drives enhanced ADCC while significantly improving proliferation, activation, and survival of NK cell effectors. The TriKE provides a selectively delivered self-sustaining signal at the NK/tumor cell synapse. Targeted cytokine stimulation, rather than systemic cytokine administration, may impact toxicity in patients rendering the TriKE a promising new off-the-shelf carcinoma therapy.
Determination of the depth-resolved Stokes parameters of light backscattered from turbid media by use of polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (1999)

Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) was used to characterize completely the polarization state of light backscattered from turbid media. Using a low-coherence light source, one can determine the Stokes parameters of backscattered light as a function of optical path in turbid media. To demonstrate the application of this technique we determined the birefringence and the optical axis in fibrous tissue (rodent muscle) and in??vivo rodent skin. PS-OCT has potentially useful applications in biomedical optics by imaging simultaneously the structural properties of turbid biological materials and their effects on the polarization state of backscattered light. This method may also find applications in material science for investigation of polarization properties (e.g., birefringence) in opaque media such as ceramics and crystals.
Neutral amino acid transport at the human blood-brain barrier. (1986)

Transport regulates nutrient availability in the brain, and many pathways of brain amino acid metabolism are influenced by precursor supply. Therefore, amino acid transport through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays an important rate-affecting role in brain metabolism. Information on the Km of BBB amino acid transport provides the quantitative basis for understanding the physiological importance of BBB transport competition effects. For example, the uniquely low Km values of BBB amino acid transport as compared to other organs in the rat provides the basis for the selective vulnerability of the rat brain to changes in amino acid supply caused by nutritional factors. The development of amino acid imbalances in the human brain in parallel with amino acid imbalances in blood is likely to occur if the Km of BBB neutral amino acid transport in humans is low, e.g., 25-100 microM, as is the case for the rat. A new model system of the human BBB, the isolated human brain capillary, has been developed. Recent studies with this system indicate that the Km of phenylalanine transport into human brain microvessels is approximately the same as that found during in vivo studies with laboratory rats. These results support the emerging hypothesis that the human brain, like the rat brain, is subject to acute regulation by dietary-related amino acid imbalances, and that the major site of this regulation is the amino acid transport system at the BBB.
IFN-γ-Dependent Delay of In Vivo Tumor Progression by Fas Overexpression on Murine Renal Cancer Cells (2000)

The role of Fas in the regulation of solid tumor growth was investigated. Murine renal carcinoma (Renca) cells were constitutively resistant to Fas-mediated killing in vitro, but exhibited increased expression of Fas and sensitivity to Fas-mediated killing after exposure to IFN-gamma and TNF. Transfected Renca cells overexpressing Fas were efficiently killed in vitro upon exposure to anti-Fas Ab (Jo2). When Fas-overexpressing Renca cells were injected into syngenic BALB/c mice, there was a consistent and significant delay in tumor progression, reduced metastasis, and prolonged survival that was not observed for Renca cells that overexpressed a truncated nonfunctional Fas receptor. The delay of in vivo tumor growth induced by Fas overexpression was not observed in IFN-gamma-/- mice, indicating that IFN-gamma is required for the delay of in vivo tumor growth. However, there was a significant increase of infiltrated T cells and in vivo apoptosis in Fas-overexpressing Renca tumors, and Fas-overexpressing Renca cells were also efficiently killed in vitro by T cells. In addition, a strong therapeutic effect was observed on Fas-overexpressing tumor cells by in vivo administration of anti-Fas Ab, confirming that overexpressed Fas provides a functional target in vivo for Fas-specific ligands. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that Fas overexpression on solid tumor cells can delay tumor growth and provides a rationale for therapeutic manipulation of Fas expression as a means of inducing tumor regression in vivo.
Mass Attenuation Coefficient and Effective Atomic Number of Ag/Cu/Zn Alloy at Different Photon Energy by Compton Scattering Technique (2012)

Mass attenuation coefficients and effective atomic numbers of Ag/Cu/Zn alloy (14.80%/57.61%/27.59% weight fraction) were determined at energy range 220 to 662 keV using gamma rays transmission method. The photon energy has been changed by Compton scattering technique. The results show that, the experimental values of mass attenuation coefficients and effective atomic numbers are in good agreement with the theoretical values with less than 1% of error. The mass attenuation coefficients and effective atomic numbers were decreased with increasing of gamma rays energies due to the higher photon interaction probability of Ag/Cu/Zn alloy at lower energy.
The intestinal ecosystem in chronic functional constipation (1998)

Chronic functional constipation is common in infants, and the bacterial composition of stools in this condition is not known. The study aims were to: (i) investigate the composition of the intestinal ecosystem in chronic functional constipation; (ii) establish whether the addition of the water-holding agent calcium polycarbophil to the diet induces an improvement in constipation; and (iii) determine the composition of the intestinal ecosystem after the use of this agent. In total, 42 children (20F, 22M; mean age: 8.6 +/- 2.9 y) were studied. Twenty-eight children with functional chronic constipation without anatomical disorders were treated double-blind in random sequence for 1 month with an oral preparation of calcium polycarbophil (0.62 g/twice daily) or placebo. Intestinal flora composition was evaluated by standard microbiological methods and biochemical assays on faecal samples collected before and after treatment. Fourteen healthy children were studied as controls. The results show that (i) the constipated children presented a significant increase in clostridia and bifidobacteria in faeces compared to healthy subjects--different species of clostridia and enterobacteriaceae were frequently isolated; no generalized overgrowth was observed; Clostridia outnumbered bacteroides and E. coli mean counts by 2-3log, while bacteroides and E. coli counts were similar (5-6 log10/g fresh faeces); these intestinal disturbances could be defined as a dysbiosis, i.e. a quantitative alteration in the relative proportions of certain intestinal bacterial species. (ii) Clinical resolution of constipation was achieved only in 43% of treated children and an improvement in 21% (one bowel movement every 2 d). (iii) Calcium polycarbophil treatment induced no significant changes in the composition of the intestinal ecosystem, nor in blood chemistry parameters.
Service gateway architecture for a smart home (2002)

An implementation of the Open Service Gateway Initiative (OSGi) standard that enhances the standard and integrates many existing home protocols and home networks is presented. This enhancement extends the ideas behind the OSGi specification, allowing its direct application to real-life situations. Special emphasis is placed on realizing an effective and realistic gateway management system. The architecture presented was applied in several pilot projects.