gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Nanoparticles of Silica and Alumina on Flow Ability and Compressive Strength of Cementitious Composites (2014)

In this study the effects of adding silica and alumina nanoparticles on flow ability and compressive strength of cementitious composites based on Portland cement were investigated. In the first stage, the rheological behavior of different samples containing nanosilica, nanoalumina and polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene fibers were evaluated. With increasing of nanoparticles in fresh samples, the slump flow diameter reduced. Fibers reduced the flow ability of the samples and viscosity increased. With increasing of the micro silica particles to cement ratio from 2/1 to 2/2, the slump flow diameter increased. By adding silica and alumina nanoparticles up to 3% and 2% respectively, the compressive strength increased and after decreased. Samples containing silica nanoparticles and fibers had the highest compressive strength.
DECOMPOSITION OF NATIVE KERATIN BY STREPTOMYCES FRADIAE (1959)

Keratin, by virtue of its insolubility and resist-ance to proteolytic enzymes, is not attacked by most living organisms. Nevertheless, keratin does not accumulate in nature and, therefore, bio-logical agencies may be presumed to accomplish its removal. Several insects, including clothes moth larvae, carpet beetles, and chewing lice are known to digest keratin (Waterhouse, 1957). The common occurrence in nature of micro-organisms that readily and, in some cases, prefer-ably grow on keratinaceous substrates has supported the general belief that certain micro-organisms can digest keratin. Classical examples of such microbes are the parasitic dermatophytes and the saprophytic Onygena equina (Ward, 1899). In addition, the literature contains numer-our reports that the ability to decompose keratin is possessed by various other microorganisms, e.g., members of the genus Ctenomyces (Sen
Applying mass spectrometry based proteomic technology to advance the understanding of multiple myeloma (2010)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy in adults. It is characterized by clonal proliferation of terminally differentiated B lymphocytes and over-production of monoclonal immunoglobulins. Recurrent genomic aberrations have been identified to contribute to the aggressiveness of this cancer. Despite a wealth of knowledge describing the molecular biology of MM as well as significant advances in therapeutics, this disease remains fatal. The identification of biomarkers, especially through the use of mass spectrometry, however, holds great promise to increasing our understanding of this disease. In particular, novel biomarkers will help in the diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic stratification of MM. To date, results from mass spectrometry studies of MM have provided valuable information with regards to MM diagnosis and response to therapy. In addition, mass spectrometry was employed to study relevant signaling pathways activated in MM. This review will focus on how mass spectrometry has been applied to increase our understanding of MM.
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Synovial Joint and Articular Cartilage Formation (2006)

Synovial joints and articular cartilage play crucial roles in the skeletal function, but relatively little is actually known about their embryonic development. Here we first focused on the interzone, a thin mesenchymal cell layer forming at future joint sites that is widely thought to be critical for joint and articular cartilage development. To determine interzone cell origin and fate, we microinjected the vital fluorescent dye DiI at several peri-joint sites in chick limbs and monitored the behavior and fate of labeled cells over time. Peri-joint mesenchymal cells located immediately adjacent to incipient joints migrated, became part of the interzone, and were eventually found in epiphyseal articular layer and joint capsule. Interzone cells isolated and reared in vitro expressed typical phenotypic markers, including GDF-5, Wnt-14, and CD-44, and differentiated into chondrocytes over time. To determine the molecular mechanisms of articular chondrocyte formation, we carried out additional studies on the ets transcription factor family member ERG and its alternatively spliced variant C-1-1 that we previously found to be expressed in developing avian articular chondrocytes. We cloned the human counterpart of avian C-1-1 (ERGp55Delta81) and conditionally expressed it in transgenic mice under cartilage-specific Col2 gene promotor-enhancer control. The entire transgenic mouse limb chondrocyte population exhibited an immature articular-like phenotype and a virtual lack of growth plate formation and chondrocyte maturation compared to wild-type littermate. Together, our studies reveal that peri-joint mesenchymal cells take part in interzone and articular layer formation, interzone cells can differentiate into chondrocytes, and acquisition of a permanent articular chondrocyte phenotype is aided and perhaps dictated by ets transcription factor ERG.
Spermatogonial Cell-Mediated Activation of an IκBζ-Independent Nuclear Factor-κB Pathway in Sertoli Cells Induces Transcription of the Lipocalin-2 Gene (2005)

In spermatogenesis, Sertoli cells serve as supporting cells for the proliferation and differentiation of germ cells. However, it appears that Sertoli cell function is regulated by adjacent spermatogonial cells in the testis because expression of lipocalin-2 mRNA, which encodes an iron-siderophore-binding protein, is barely detectable in Sertoli cells of germ cell-deficient W/Wv mice, and more abundantly expressed in jsd/jsd mice. By employing a coculture system comprising immortalized Sertoli cells (designated as Sertoli-B) and c-Kit(+) spermatogonial cells from 7-d-old mouse testis, we found that lipocalin-2 gene transcription in Sertoli cells is induced by a factor secreted from spermatogonial cells. Transfection of Sertoli-B cells with a series of reporter constructs encompassing an upstream region of the mouse lipocalin-2 gene revealed that a nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB binding consensus sequence in the proximal region of lipocalin-2 gene is responsible for transcriptional activation. A major NF-kappaB component, p65, bound to this region and translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus upon stimulation with spermatogonial cell-conditioned medium. Moreover, short interference RNA directed to p65 or a dominant-negative form of IkappaBalpha suppressed the spermatogonial cell factor-mediated transcription of lipocalin-2. However, NF-kappaB-activating inflammatory molecules, such as IL-1beta and lipopolysaccharide, did not induce lipocalin-2 mRNA in Sertoli-B cells and the expression of lipocalin-2 was unaffected in the testis of IkappaBzeta-deficient mice. These results demonstrate that spermatogonial cells regulate lipocalin-2 gene expression in Sertoli cells in a manner distinct from that employed by immune cells.
Proinflammatory Activity in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids From Patients With ARDS, a Prominent Role for Interleukin-1 (1996)

Proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1) have been found to be elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and in plasma from patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In order to measure the balance of proinflammatory cytokines and their inhibitors, we quantified the upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM-1) induced by ARDS BAL fluids in human alveolar type II-like (A459) cells, and defined proinflammatory activity as the amount of ICAM-1 induced by the SAL fluids. Proinflammatory activity was detected in 77% of the SAL fluids sampled during the first week of ARDS, was found maximal during the 3 first days after onset of ARDS, and was significantly greater than in BAL specimens from at risk patients. Blocking experiments with specific inhibitors of TNF and IL-1 added to the BAL fluids indicated that the bioactivity measured was mainly due to IL-1. In contrast, proinflammatory activity of conditioned supernates from endotoxin-treated alveolar macrophages was mostly due to TNF. Using a bioassay that measures balance of cytokines with their inhibitors, our results indicate that the net proinflammatory activity in ARDS BAL fluids is attributable to IL-1 and not to TNF.
Continuous counter-current two-phase aqueous extraction. (1990)

Continuous counter-current column operation provides operating convenience for contacting two-phase aqueous partitioning systems for protein extraction. We discuss in detail the important parameters for designing spray, packed, plate and York-Scheibel columns for protein recovery using both polymer-polymer and polymer-salt two-phase aqueous systems. We compare the various contractors for their operating and extraction efficiency. The work also provides a step-by-step design procedure and specific recommendations for future data needs.
Comparison of Permeability Predictors from NMR, Formation Image and other Logs in a Carbonate Reservoir (2004)

Abstract An extensive petrophysical analysis has been carried out on a study well in a giant carbonate field in the Lower Cretaceous of Abu Dhabi. The well was cored, and a comprehensive log suite recorded including: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Borehole Imaging, Shear Sonic and Mineral Spectroscopy in addition to the more normal logs. A high-resolution permeability profile was measured on the core. Plugs taken every foot were supplemented by minipermeameter measurements every inch. While this profile captures high frequency variability it is limited in its applicability to predicting reservoir behavior. Analysis of large scale flow unit permeability is better assessed with dynamic data. A number of advanced log based permeability estimators were developed in an attempt to match the core permeability profile. The estimators are based on NMR, image analysis and Stoneley measurements among others. This paper presents a comparison of these predictors to the core and makes recommendations as to the preferred permeability prediction methods for this field. For this well the Stoneley permeability correctly predicted a trend decrease of permeability with depth but failed to honor the full extent of the trend. As expected, given its vertical resolution, it also failed to respond adequately in the more heterogeneous intervals. A method based on a mean NMR T2 measurement gave a good general match to the data, but again lacked vertical resolution. An electrical image based method brings an important improvement in sensitivity to the small-scale variations in permeability, but in some places failed to follow the lower frequency trends. A composite method using the NMR to supply the overall trend, and the image to provide the higher resolution, gave the best match to the core permeability profile available from the tool suite, which was run. The method is a modification of the well-established SDR permeability equation. A new term is introduced to account for the contribution of connected vugs, which are responsible for the high permeability intervals in this well. The logs used in the methods described here do not make direct measurements of permeability. Instead permeability is inferred indirectly from measurements sensitive to parameters such as texture and pore size. It is doubtful that a single methodology based on such measurements can provide a "universal" permeability estimator fitting all cases. The methods presented here should be applied with care and will benefit greatly from calibration to spot permeability data. The method has particular application in high cost environments where a good permeability is required along the wellbore but the cost and rig time required for continuous whole coring cannot be justified.
Methylotrophic Metabolism Is Advantageous for Methylobacterium extorquens during Colonization of Medicago truncatula under Competitive Conditions (2005)

Facultative methylotrophic bacteria of the genus Methylobacterium are commonly found in association with plants. Inoculation experiments were performed to study the importance of methylotrophic metabolism for colonization of the model legume Medicago truncatula. Competition experiments with Methylobacterium extorquens wild-type strain AM1 and methylotrophy mutants revealed that the ability to use methanol as a carbon and energy source provides a selective advantage during colonization of M. truncatula. Differences in the fitness of mutants defective in different stages of methylotrophic metabolism were found; whereas approximately 25% of the mutant incapable of oxidizing methanol to formaldehyde (deficient in methanol dehydrogenase) was recovered, 10% or less of the mutants incapable of oxidizing formaldehyde to CO2 (defective in biosynthesis of the cofactor tetrahydromethanopterin) was recovered. Interestingly, impaired fitness of the mutant strains compared with the wild type was found on leaves and roots. Single-inoculation experiments showed, however, that mutants with defects in methylotrophy were capable of plant colonization at the wild-type level, indicating that methanol is not the only carbon source that is accessible to Methylobacterium while it is associated with plants. Fluorescence microscopy with a green fluorescent protein-labeled derivative of M. extorquens AM1 revealed that the majority of the bacterial cells on leaves were on the surface and that the cells were most abundant on the lower, abaxial side. However, bacterial cells were also found in the intercellular spaces inside the leaves, especially in the epidermal cell layer and immediately underneath this layer.
Development of Neutralizing Antibodies against Zika Virus Based on Its Envelope Protein Structure (2019)

As we know more about Zika virus (ZIKV), as well as its linkage to birth defects (microcephaly) and autoimmune neurological syndromes, we realize the importance of developing an efficient vaccine against it. Zika virus disease has affected many countries and is becoming a major public health concern. To deal with the infection of ZIKV, plenty of experiments have been done on selection of neutralizing antibodies that can target the envelope (E) protein on the surface of the virion. However, the existence of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) effect might limit the use of them as therapeutic candidates. In this review, we classify the neutralizing antibodies against ZIKV based on the epitopes and summarize the resolved structural information on antibody/antigen complex from X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), which might be useful for further development of potent neutralizing antibodies and vaccines toward clinical use.
Indium-111 satumomab pendetide: the first FDA-approved monoclonal antibody for tumor imaging. (1998)

Colon cancer is the second most common cause of cancer mortality. Ovarian cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy cause of death in women. A labeled monoclonal antibody attaches to a tumor-associated antigen and allows these tumor masses to be imaged or treated, depending on the radionuclide used. Indium-111 satumomab pendetide was the first labeled monoclonal antibody to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for tumor imaging. It is reactive with most colorectal and ovarian cancers, as well as other cancers. After reading this article, the technologist will understand the FDA approval process, phase trial results, safety and adverse reactions, human antimurine antibody response, indications, imaging protocol, and strengths and weaknesses of imaging with satumomab pendetide. Representative cases are presented.
Selective transformations of 2,3-epoxy alcohols and related derivatives. Strategies for nucleophilic attack at carbon-3 or carbon-2 (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective transformations of 2,3-epoxy alcohols and related derivatives. Strategies for nucleophilic attack at carbon-3 or carbon-2Carl H. Behrens and K. Barry SharplessCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 26, 5696–5704Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00350a051https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00350a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1485Altmetric-Citations150LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
An energy efficient hardware multithreading scheme for mobile ray tracing (2014)

We present an energy-efficient multithreading architecture for mobile ray tracing, which constitutes a dynamic reordering of the rays in input buffer according to the results of cache accesses. Unlike to the previous works, our architecture is cost-effective, because it does not need dedicated memory for storing threads, and is also energy-efficient, because it does not bypass the invalidated rays. Simulation results show that our architecture is a potential graphics solution for low-power ray tracing hardware as it provides a better performance-energy efficiency up to 5.5 times that of previous architectures.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbocyanine Dyes with an ortho‐Hydroxyaryl‐Substituent in the meso‐Position of the Polymethine Chain. (1988)

Abstract The o‐hydroxybenzoyl derivatives (I) of Fischer's base are treated with phosphoryl chloride and subsequently coupled with Fischer's base (III) to form the carbocyanine dyes (IV) which cyclize upon reaction with bases, producing mixtures of the isomeric spirochromenes (V) and (VI).
Assembly of IgM. Role of disulfide bonding and noncovalent interactions. (1995)

Polymeric IgM is usually envisaged as an array of mu 2L2 monomers in which the mu heavy chains are held together by disulfide bonds involving cysteines at positions 337, 414, and 575. We have studied the importance of inter-mu-chain disulfide bonds for formation of IgM polymers and monomers by analyzing the effects of eliminating one or more of these disulfide bondings. Ablation of all inter-chain bonds by either chemical reduction and alkylation or by mutagenesis resulted in the exclusive production of halfmers (muL) molecules. IgM composed of mu-chains bearing each of the other six possible combinations of cysteine to serine replacements was produced as different mixtures of polymers, monomers, and halfmers. Cysteine 575 was both necessary and sufficient for efficient assembly of IgM polymers and sufficient but not necessary for efficient assembly of monomers. Cysteine 337 was sufficient but not necessary for efficient assembly of monomers, and was neither sufficient nor necessary for formation of polymers. Cysteine 414 was neither necessary nor sufficient for efficient formation of either monomers or polymers. Data also suggest that noncovalent interactions between C mu 2 domains are stronger than the interactions between C mu 4/tail domains.
Sequencing of a 1,3-1,4-beta-D-glucanase (lichenase) from the anaerobic fungus Orpinomyces strain PC-2: properties of the enzyme expressed in Escherichia coli and evidence that the gene has a bacterial origin (1997)

A 971-bp cDNA, designated licA, was obtained from a library of Orpinomyces sp. strain PC-2 constructed in Escherichia coli. It had an open reading frame of 738 nucleotides encoding LicA (1,3-1,4-beta-D-glucanase; lichenase) (EC 3.2.1.73) of 245 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 27,929 Da. The deduced amino acid sequence had high homology with bacterial beta-glucanases, particularly in the central regions and toward the C-terminal halves of bacterial enzymes. LicA had no homology with plant beta-glucanases. The genomic DNA region coding for LicA was devoid of introns. More than 95% of the recombinant beta-glucanase produced in E. coli cells was found in the culture medium and periplasmic space. A N-terminal signal peptide of 29 amino residues was cleaved from the enzyme secreted from Orpinomyces, whereas 21 amino acid residues of the signal peptide were removed when the enzyme was produced by E. coli. The beta-glucanase produced by E. coli was purified from the culture medium. It had a molecular mass of 27 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. The Km and Vmax values with lichenin as the substrate at pH 6.0 and 40 degrees C were 0.75 mg/ml and 3,790 micromol/min/mg, respectively. With barley beta-glucan as the substrate, the corresponding values were 0.91 mg/ml and 5,320 micromol/min/mg. This enzyme did not hydrolyze laminarin, carboxymethylcellulose, pustulan, or xylan. The main products of lichenin and barley beta-glucan hydrolysis were triose and tetraose. LicA represented the first 1,3-1,4-beta-D-glucanase reported from fungi. The results presented suggest that licA of Orpinomyces had a bacterial origin.
Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase: a target and generator of oxidative stress (2005)

Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (alpha-KGDH) is a highly regulated enzyme, which could determine the metabolic flux through the Krebs cycle. It catalyses the conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and produces NADH directly providing electrons for the respiratory chain. alpha-KGDH is sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibition of this enzyme could be critical in the metabolic deficiency induced by oxidative stress. Aconitase in the Krebs cycle is more vulnerable than alpha-KGDH to ROS but as long as alpha-KGDH is functional NADH generation in the Krebs cycle is maintained. NADH supply to the respiratory chain is limited only when alpha-KGDH is also inhibited by ROS. In addition being a key target, alpha-KGDH is able to generate ROS during its catalytic function, which is regulated by the NADH/NAD+ ratio. The pathological relevance of these two features of alpha-KGDH is discussed in this review, particularly in relation to neurodegeneration, as an impaired function of this enzyme has been found to be characteristic for several neurodegenerative diseases.
Optical properties of transparent and heat reflecting ZnO:Al films made by reactive sputtering (1987)

Heavily doped ZnO:Al films were made by dual-target reactive magnetron sputtering. Spectrophotometry in the 0.3–50 μm range proved that the films were suitable for energy-efficient windows. The optical data could be reconciled with a theory involving a free-electron gas damped by ionized impurity scattering.