gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cascaded DC–DC Converter Connection of Photovoltaic Modules (2004)

New residential scale photovoltaic (PV) arrays are commonly connected to the grid by a single dc-ac inverter connected to a series string of pv panels, or many small dc-ac inverters which connect one or two panels directly to the ac grid. This paper proposes an alternative topology of nonisolated per-panel dc-dc converters connected in series to create a high voltage string connected to a simplified dc-ac inverter. This offers the advantages of a "converter-per-panel" approach without the cost or efficiency penalties of individual dc-ac grid connected inverters. Buck, boost, buck-boost, and Cu/spl acute/k converters are considered as possible dc-dc converters that can be cascaded. Matlab simulations are used to compare the efficiency of each topology as well as evaluating the benefits of increasing cost and complexity. The buck and then boost converters are shown to be the most efficient topologies for a given cost, with the buck best suited for long strings and the boost for short strings. While flexible in voltage ranges, buck-boost, and Cu/spl acute/k converters are always at an efficiency or alternatively cost disadvantage.
Human Tear Lipocalin Exhibits Antimicrobial Activity by Scavenging Microbial Siderophores (2004)

Human tear lipocalin (TL; also known as Lcn1) is a secretory protein present in large amounts in fluids that cover epithelial surfaces such as tears and respiratory secretions. It is supposed to act as a physiological scavenger of hydrophobic, potentially harmful molecules, but there is evidence that it also inhibits bacterial growth. In the present study, we reconsidered the possibility that TL might interfere with microbial growth by scavenging of siderophores, as described for human neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). Indeed, our experiments revealed that TL binds to microbial siderophores with high affinities. In contrast to NGAL, which was shown to have some specificity for bacterial catecholate-type siderophores, TL binds to a broad array of siderophores, including bacterial catecholate-type enterobactin and hydroxamate-type desferrioxamine B, and all major classes of fungal siderophores. By adding exogenous TL, bacterial and fungal growth could be inhibited under iron-limiting conditions. Thus, TL might be a novel member of the innate immune system especially involved in mucosal defense against fungal infections.
Phase II Study of 5-fluorouracil, Doxorubicin, and Mitomycin C for Metastatic Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma (2005)

The FAM regimen was active and tolerable for patients with advanced small bowel adenocarcinoma; however, the results were no better than those seen with other chemotherapy combinations.
A Methodology for LISP Program Construction from Examples (1977)

An automatic programming system, THESYS, for constructing recursive LISP programs from examples of what they do is described. The construction methodology is illustrated as a series of transformations from the set of examples to a program satisfying the examples. The transformations consist of (1) deriving the specific computation associated with a specific example, (2) deriving control flow predicates, and (3) deriving an equivalent program specification in the form of recurrence relations. Equivalence between certain recurrence relations and various program schemata is proved. A detailed description of the construction of four programs is presented to illustrate the application of the methodology.
An Analysis of Navajo Place-Names (1970)

American Indian, Spanish-Mexican, and Anglo-American, the Southwestern United States has a particularly rich legacy of place-names. Of modern Indian groups, the Navajo Tribe is the nation's most numerous and has the largest area of occupancy (about 25,000 square miles, or larger than West Virginia), in three of the four states surrounding the Four Corners. Not surprisingly, many official place-names in northeastern Arizona, northwestern New Mexico, and southeastern Utah are of Navajo origin, either by Anglicization of the Navajo names or by translation. 2 In addition to those that have become part of universal usage, there are, of course, innumerable place designations used only by the local Navajo inhabitants;3 both categories of names are considered here, with emphasis on the more widely known place-names.
Dipolar emitters at nanoscale proximity of metal surfaces: Giant enhancement of relaxation in microscopic theory (2004)

We consider a nanoscale dipolar emitter (quantum dot, atom, fluorescent molecule, or rare-earth ion) in a nanometer proximity to a flat metal surface. There is strong interaction of this emitter with unscreened metal electrons in the surface nanolayer that causes enhanced relaxation due to surface plasmon excitation and Landau damping. To describe these phenomena, we developed analytical theory based on local random-phase approximation. For the system considered, conventional theory based on metal as continuous dielectric fails both qualitatively and quantitatively. Applications of the present theory and related phenomena are discussed.
Serum biomarkers of papillary thyroid cancer (2013)

Objective To identify serum biomarkers of papillary thyroid cancer. Methods Prospective analysis was performed of banked tumor and serum specimens from 99 patients with thyroid masses. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to measure levels of five serum proteins previously demonstrated to be up-regulated in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC): angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), cytokeratin 19 (CK-19), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), chitinase 3 like-1 (YKL-40), and galectin-3 (GAL-3). Serum levels were compared between patients with PTC and those with benign tumors. Results A total of 99 patients were enrolled in the study (27 men, 72 women), with a median age of 54 years. Forty-three patients had PTC and 58 cases were benign tumors. There were no statistically significant differences when comparing all five different biomarkers between PTC and other benign thyroid tumors. The p-values were 0.94, 0.48, 0.72, 0.48, and 0.90 for YKL-40, Gal-3, CK19, TIMP-1, and Ang-1, respectively. Conclusion Serum levels of four of the five proteins were elevated in patients with thyroid masses relative to normal values. However, the difference between benign and PTC was not significant. Two of the markers (Gal-3 &amp; TIMP-1) displayed a greater potential difference, which may warrant further investigation. This study suggests that other serum markers should be sought. This is the first study to investigate potential serum biomarkers based on over-expressed proteins in thyroid cancer versus benign pathology.
Editor's Remarks (1979)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Influence of In Vitro and In Vivo Oxygen Modulation on β Cell Differentiation From Human Embryonic Stem Cells (2013)

The possibility of using human embryonic stem (hES) cell-derived β cells as an alternative to cadaveric islets for the treatment of type 1 diabetes is now widely acknowledged. However, current differentiation methods consistently fail to generate meaningful numbers of mature, functional β cells. In order to address this issue, we set out to explore the role of oxygen modulation in the maturation of pancreatic progenitor (PP) cells differentiated from hES cells. We have previously determined that oxygenation is a powerful driver of murine PP differentiation along the endocrine lineage of the pancreas. We hypothesized that targeting physiological oxygen partial pressure (pO2) levels seen in mature islets would help the differentiation of PP cells along the β-cell lineage. This hypothesis was tested both in vivo (by exposing PP-transplanted immunodeficient mice to a daily hyperbaric oxygen regimen) and in vitro (by allowing PP cells to mature in a perfluorocarbon-based culture device designed to carefully adjust pO2 to a desired range). Our results show that oxygen modulation does indeed contribute to enhanced maturation of PP cells, as evidenced by improved engraftment, segregation of α and β cells, body weight maintenance, and rate of diabetes reversal in vivo, and by elevated expression of pancreatic endocrine makers, β-cell differentiation yield, and insulin production in vitro. Our studies confirm the importance of oxygen modulation as a key variable to consider in the design of β-cell differentiation protocols and open the door to future strategies for the transplantation of fully mature β cells.
Switchable coupling between charge and flux qubits (2007)

We propose a hybrid quantum circuit with both charge and flux qubits connected to a large Josephson junction that gives rise to an effective interqubit coupling controlled by the external magnetic flux. This switchable interqubit coupling can be used to transfer back and forth an arbitrary superposition state between the charge qubit and the flux qubit working at the optimal point. The proposed hybrid circuit provides a promising quantum memory because the flux qubit at the optimal point can store the tranferred quantum state for a relatively long time.
Synthesis of an Intermaediate for Hirsutene (1988)

2,7,7-Trimethyl-1,5-dicarboethoxybicyclo[3.3.0]oct an-2-ol(5) is synthesized as a synthetic intermediate for hirsutene by use of dianion methodology.
Narrow molecular weight resins by a free-radical polymerization process (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNarrow molecular weight resins by a free-radical polymerization processMichael K. Georges, Richard P. N. Veregin, Peter M. Kazmaier, and Gordon K. HamerCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 11, 2987–2988Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00063a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00063a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views8557Altmetric-Citations1878LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inhibition of adipogenesis and development of glucose intolerance by soluble preadipocyte factor–1 (Pref-1) (2003)

Preadipocyte factor-1 (Pref-1) is a transmembrane protein highly expressed in preadipocytes. Pref-1 expression is, however, completely abolished in adipocytes. The extracellular domain of Pref-1 undergoes two proteolytic cleavage events that generate 50 and 25 kDa soluble products. To understand the function of Pref-1, we generated transgenic mice that express the full ectodomain corresponding to the large cleavage product of Pref-1 fused to human immunoglobulin-gamma constant region. Mice expressing the Pref-1/hFc transgene in adipose tissue, driven by the adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (aP2, also known as aFABP) promoter, showed a substantial decrease in total fat pad weight. Moreover, adipose tissue from transgenic mice showed reduced expression of adipocyte markers and adipocyte-secreted factors, including leptin and adiponectin, whereas the preadipocyte marker Pref-1 was increased. Pref-1 transgenic mice with a substantial, but not complete, loss of adipose tissue exhibited hypertriglyceridemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and decreased insulin sensitivity. Mice expressing the Pref-1/hFc transgene exclusively in liver under the control of the albumin promoter also showed a decrease in adipose mass and adipocyte marker expression, suggesting an endocrine mode of action of Pref-1. These findings demonstrate the inhibition of adipogenesis by Pref-1 in vivo and the resulting impairment of adipocyte function that leads to the development of metabolic abnormalities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 8,11‐Dihydro‐10‐methyl‐8,11‐diphenylpyrazolo(4′,3′:5,6) pyrano(3,2‐e)(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5‐c)pyrimidine and Some Derivatives. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Structure of the S15,S6,S18-rRNA Complex: Assembly of the 30 S Ribosome Central Domain (2000)

The crystal structure of a 70-kilodalton ribonucleoprotein complex from the central domain of the Thermus thermophilus 30S ribosomal subunit was solved at 2.6 angstrom resolution. The complex consists of a 104-nucleotide RNA fragment composed of two three-helix junctions that lie at the end of a central helix, and the ribosomal proteins S15, S6, and S18. S15 binds the ribosomal RNA early in the assembly of the 30S ribosomal subunit, stabilizing a conformational reorganization of the two three-helix junctions that creates the RNA fold necessary for subsequent binding of S6 and S18. The structure of the complex demonstrates the central role of S15-induced reorganization of central domain RNA for the subsequent steps of ribosome assembly.
Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia Induces a Massive Increase in Protein Sumoylation (2007)

A new group of proteins, small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins, has recently been identified and protein sumoylation has been shown to play a major role in various signal transduction pathways. Here, we report that transient global cerebral ischemia induces a marked increase in protein sumoylation. Mice were subjected to 10 mins severe forebrain ischemia followed by 3 or 6 h of reperfusion. Transient cerebral ischemia induced a massive increase in protein sumoylation by SUMO2/3 both in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. SUMO2/3 conjugation was associated with a decrease in levels of free SUMO2/3. After ischemia, protein levels of the SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc9 were transiently decreased in the cortex but not in the hippocampus. We also exposed HT22 cells to arsenite, a respiratory poison that impairs cytoplasmic function and induces oxidative stress. Arsenite exposure induced a marked rise in protein sumoylation, implying that impairment of cytoplasmic function and oxidative stress may be involved in the massive post-ischemic activation of SUMO conjugation described here. Sumoylation of transcription factors has been shown to block their activation, with some exceptions such as the heat-shock factor and the hypoxia-responsive factor, where sumoylation blocks their degradation, and the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) essential modulator where sumoylation leads to an activation of NF-kappaB. Because protein sumoylation is known to be involved in the regulation of various biologic processes, the massive post-ischemic increase in protein sumoylation may play a critical role in defining the final outcome of neurons exposed to transient ischemia.
Isolation and characterization of an olfactory receptor protein for odorant pyrazines. (1985)

The highly potent bell pepper odorant 2-isobutyl-3-[3H]methoxypyrazine [( 3H]IBMP) binds specifically and saturably to bovine and rat nasal epithelium. Specific binding is not detected in 11 other tissues assayed, and in the rat binding is 9 times higher in olfactory than in respiratory epithelium. We have purified to apparent homogeneity a soluble pyrazine odorant binding protein that constitutes approximately equal to 1% of the total soluble protein in bovine nasal epithelium. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows a single band of 19,000 Da and gel filtration data suggest that the native protein is a dimer of 38,000 Da. Binding of [3H]IBMP to the purified protein reveals two binding sites (Kd = 10 X 10(-9) M, Bmax = 135 pmol per mg of protein; Kd = 3 X 10(-6) M, Bmax = 25 nmol per mg of protein). The binding affinities of a homologous series of pyrazine odorants correlate with the human odor detection thresholds of these compounds. This correlation, together with the regional distribution of the protein, suggests that the protein is a physiologically relevant olfactory receptor.
Differential transcription of exon 1 of the human c-fms gene in placental trophoblasts and monocytes. (1989)

Structural analysis of the 5' end of the human c-fms gene revealed that a large intron of about 25 kilobases separates an upstream noncoding exon (exon 1) from the signal peptide-containing exon (exon 2). Northern (RNA) blot analysis, S1 nuclease mapping, and primer extensions showed that exon 1 is transcribed in placenta but not in cells of the monocytic lineage. This is due to the differential usage of promoters, separated by approximately 25 kilobases, in a cell-specific manner. One major c-fms transcript was observed in U-937 cells, whereas multiple initiation sites for transcription appeared to be utilized in placental cells. Nucleotide sequence comparisons showed that the 3' end of the human platelet-derived growth factor receptor gene lies approximately 350 base pairs upstream of the major initiation sites for c-fms transcription in placental trophoblasts.
Organometallic Chemistry on Silicon and Germanium Surfaces (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTOrganometallic Chemistry on Silicon and Germanium SurfacesJillian M. BuriakView Author Information Department of Chemistry, 1393 Brown Laboratories, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1393 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 5, 1271–1308Publication Date (Web):March 8, 2002Publication History Received10 July 2001Published online8 March 2002Published inissue 1 May 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr000064shttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr000064sresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views11386Altmetric-Citations1570LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Hydrocarbons,Hydrosilylation,Monolayers,Porous materials,Silicon Get e-Alerts
Exchange radio technology (2003)

Some of the methods used to implement a point-to-multipoint digital radio system, designed to provide basic exchange telecommunications radio (BETR) service, are described. The system operates in the 450-MHz band. It consists of a base station and distributed subscriber terminals, which provide telephone service for up to 24 subscribers. The author focuses on some of the key technical areas in the electrical and mechanical design of the base station and subscriber units which impact equipment cost. The analog and digital signal processing used in the design for low-cost system terminals is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Expression of Tissue-type Plasminogen Activator, Matrix Metalloproteases and Endogenous Inhibitors in the Central Nervous System in Multiple Sclerosis (1996)

The expression of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and a number of metalloproteases as well as plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases-1 (TIMP-1) was analyzed in the central nervous system (CNS) of normal control and multiple sclerosis (MS) cases by immunohistopathology. The expression of t-PA was detectable only in the blood vessel matrix in control white matter, but positive infiltrating mononuclear cells were also observed in MS white matter and primary lesions. In active plaques this pattern converted to strong positivity of foamy macrophages in areas of demyelination, declining in chronic lesions. In general PAI-1 expression paralleled that of t-PA. Gelatinase A and B were detected predominantly in astrocytes and microglia throughout normal control white matter, with additional positive mononuclear cells in perivascular cuffs in MS white matter. In the demyelinating lesion there is widespread prominent expression of gelatinase B in reactive astrocytes and macrophages, which persists in astrocytes in the chronic lesion. TIMP-1 was also present in the vessel matrix and in lesional macrophages. These observations on the coexpression of enzymes and inhibitors of the matrix degrading cascade in CNS tissue pinpoint t-PA, a rate-limiting enzyme, and gelatinase B as therapeutic targets in MS.
Structural characterization of the human respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein core (2000)

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a major cause of a number of severe respiratory diseases, including bronchiolitis and pneumonia, in infants and young children. The HRSV F protein, a glycoprotein essential for viral entry, is a primary target for vaccine and drug development. Two heptad-repeat regions within the HRSV F sequence were predicted by the computer program learncoil-vmf . These regions are thought to form trimer-of-hairpins–like structures, similar to those found in the fusion proteins of several enveloped viruses. The hairpin structure likely brings the viral and cellular membranes into close apposition, thereby facilitating membrane fusion and subsequent viral entry. Here, we show that peptides, denoted HR-N and HR-C, corresponding to the heptad-repeat regions from the N-terminal and C-terminal segments of the HRSV F protein, respectively, form a stable α-helical trimer of heterodimers. The HRSV N/C complex was crystallized and its x-ray structure was determined at 2.3-Å resolution. As anticipated, the complex is a six-helix bundle in which the HR-N peptides form a three-stranded, central coiled coil, and the HR-C peptides pack in an antiparallel manner into hydrophobic grooves on the coiled-coil surface. There is remarkable structural similarity between the HRSV N/C complex and the fusion protein core of other viruses, including HIV-1 gp41. In addition, earlier work has shown that HRSV HR-C peptides, like the HIV-1 gp41 C peptides, inhibit viral infection. Thus, drug discovery and vaccine development strategies aimed at inhibiting viral entry by blocking hairpin formation may be applied to the inhibition of HRSV.
A 3.5 W HBT MMIC power amplifier module for mobile communications (2002)

A 900 MHz-band GaAs/GaAlAs HBT MMIC power amplifier module has been developed for mobile communications by using a novel assembly technique called BHS and an AlN package as the MMIC chip carrier. The power module gave a peak output power of 3.7 W and a power-added efficiency of 54.5% with a +6 V single supply voltage.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>