gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Carbene Insertion into B–H Bonds: Highly Enantioselective Access to Functionalized Organoboranes (2015)

A unique rhodium(I)-catalyzed asymmetric B-H insertion of α-diazo carbonyl compounds with easily available amine-borane adducts was achieved using a newly developed C1-symmetric chiral diene as ligand. This first Rh(I)-carbene-directed B-H insertion example represents an attractive and promising approach for synthesis of highly enantioenriched organoboron compounds, allowing for the efficient construction of α-boryl esters and ketones with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee) under exceptionally mild conditions.
Lipid patches in membrane protein oligomers: Crystal structure of the bacteriorhodopsin-lipid complex (1998)

Heterogenous nucleation on small molecule crystals causes a monoclinic crystal form of bacteriorhodopsin (BR) in which trimers of this membrane protein pack differently than in native purple membranes. Analysis of single crystals by nano-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry demonstrated a preservation of the purple membrane lipid composition in these BR crystals. The 2.9-A x-ray structure shows a lipid-mediated stabilization of BR trimers where the glycolipid S-TGA-1 binds into the central compartment of BR trimers. The BR trimer/lipid complex provides an example of local membrane thinning as the lipid head-group boundary of the central lipid patch is shifted by 5 A toward the membrane center. Nonbiased electron density maps reveal structural differences to previously reported BR structures, especially for the cytosolic EF loop and the proton exit pathway. The terminal proton release complex now comprises an E194-E204 dyad as a diffuse proton buffer.
On the use of mobile imaging devices for the validation of first- and second-line security features (2006)

The proliferation of mobile imaging devices combined with Moore's law has yielded a class of devices that are capable of imaging and/or validating many First- and Second-Line security features. Availability of these devices at little or no cost due to economic models and commoditization of constituent technologies will result in a broad infrastructure of devices capable of identifying fraud and counterfeiting. The presence of these devices has the potential to influence aspects of design, production, and usage models for value documents as both a validation tool and as a mechanism for attack. To maximize usability as a validation tool, a better understanding is needed about the imaging capabilities of these devices and which security features and design approaches favor them. As a first step in this direction, the authors investigated using a specific imaging-equipped cell phone as an inspection and validation tool for identity documents. The goal of the investigation was to assess the viability of the device to identify photo swapping, image alteration, data alteration, and counterfeiting of identity documents. To do so security printing techniques such as digital watermarking, microprinting and a Diffractive Optically Variable Image Device were used. Based on analysis of a representative imaging-equipped cell phone (Fujitsu 900i), the authors confirmed that within some geographies, deployed devices are capable of imaging value documents at sufficiently high resolution to enable inspection and validation usage models across a limited set of security features.
Catalytic Antibodies as Magic Bullets (2000)

A reagent capable of detecting and selectively destroying tumor cells while leaving healthy cells intact would be a powerful tool for cancer therapy. This concept of the magic bullet has been approached by a number of strategies. Here we present a recent approach based on catalytic antibodies.
Estradiol Metabolites Inhibit Endothelin Synthesis by an Estrogen Receptor-Independent Mechanism (2001)

Estradiol inhibits endothelin-1 synthesis, an effect that may contribute to the cardiovascular protective effects of estradiol. Recent findings that estradiol inhibits neointima formation in mice lacking estrogen receptors suggests that the cardiovascular protective effects of estradiol may be mediated by means of an estrogen receptor-independent mechanism. Because 2-hydroxyestradiol and 2-methoxyestradiol, metabolites of estradiol with little/no affinity for estrogen receptors, are more potent than estradiol in inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cell growth, we investigated whether these metabolites also inhibit endothelin-1 synthesis by means of an receptor-independent mechanism. Treatment of porcine coronary artery endothelial cells for 4 to 24 hours with 0.001 to 1 micromol/L of estradiol, 2-hydroxyestradiol, or 2-methoxyestradiol concentration-dependently inhibited basal as well as serum-induced (2.5%), TNFalpha-induced (10 ng/mL), angiotensin II-induced (100 nmol/L), and thrombin-induced (4 U/mL) endothelin-1 synthesis. Estradiol, 2-hydroxyestradiol, and 2-methoxyestradiol also inhibited serum-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activity. As compared with estradiol, its metabolites were more potent in inhibiting endothelin-1 secretion and mitogen activated protein kinase activity. The inhibitory effects of 2-hydroxyestradiol and 2-methoxyestradiol on endothelin-1 release and mitogen-activated protein kinase activity were not blocked by ICI182780 (50 micromol/L), an estrogen receptor antagonist. Our findings indicate that the estradiol metabolites 2-hydroxyestradiol and 2-methoxyestradiol potently inhibit endothelin-1 synthesis by means of an estrogen receptor-independent mechanism. This effect of estradiol metabolites may be mediated by inhibition of mitogen activated protein kinase activity and may contribute to the cardioprotective effects of estradiol.
Induction of caspase-dependent, p53-mediated apoptosis by apigenin in human neuroblastoma (2005)

Abstract Neuroblastoma is a pediatric tumor accounting for 15% of childhood cancer deaths and has a poor prognosis in children &amp;gt; 1 year of age. We investigated the ability of apigenin, a nonmutagenic dietary flavonoid that has been shown to have antitumor effects in various tumor cell lines, to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis of the human neuroblastoma cell lines NUB-7, LAN-5, and SK-N-BE(2). Apigenin inhibited colony-forming ability and survival, and induced apoptosis of NUB-7 and LAN-5 cells. The presence of the C2-C3 double bond and the 4′-OH group on the flavonoid structure correlated with the growth-inhibitory potential of apigenin. Furthermore, apigenin inhibited NUB-7 xenograft tumor growth in anonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mouse model, likely by inducing apoptosis. Apigenin did not inhibit survival of primary sympathetic neurons, suggesting that it is not toxic to nontransformed cells. The mechanism of action of apigenin seems to involve p53, as it increased the levels of p53 and the p53-induced gene products p21WAF1/CIP1 and Bax. Furthermore, apigenin (15–60 μmol/L) induced cell death and apoptosis of neuroblastoma cells expressing wild-type but not mutant p53. Apigenin increased caspase-3 activity and PARP cleavage, and Z-VAD-FMK, a broad-spectrum caspase-3 inhibitor, rescued NUB-7 cells from apigenin-mediated apoptosis indicating that apigenin induced apoptosis in acaspase-dependent manner. Overexpression of Bcl-XL rescued NUB-7 from apigenin-induced cell death, suggesting that Bax activity is important for the action of apigenin. Apigenin is thus a candidate therapeutic for neuroblastoma that likely acts by regulating a p53-Bax-caspase-3 apoptotic pathway.
The Sublethal Effects of Pesticides on Beneficial Arthropods (2006)

Traditionally, measurement of the acute toxicity of pesticides to beneficial arthropods has relied largely on the determination of an acute median lethal dose or concentration. However, the estimated lethal dose during acute toxicity tests may only be a partial measure of the deleterious effects. In addition to direct mortality induced by pesticides, their sublethal effects on arthropod physiology and behavior must be considered for a complete analysis of their impact. An increasing number of studies and methods related to the identification and characterization of these effects have been published in the past 15 years. Review of sublethal effects reported in published literature, taking into account recent data, has revealed new insights into the sublethal effects of pesticides including effects on learning performance, behavior, and neurophysiology. We characterize the different types of sublethal effects on beneficial arthropods, focusing mainly on honey bees and natural enemies, and we describe the methods used in these studies. Finally, we discuss the potential for developing experimental approaches that take into account these sublethal effects in integrated pest management and the possibility of integrating their evaluation in pesticide registration procedures.
Application of Magnetic Resonance Techniques for Imaging Tumour Physiology (1999)

Magnetic resonance (MR) techniques have the unique ability to measure in vivo the biochemical content of living tissue in the body in a dynamic, non-invasive and non-destructive manner. MR also permits serial investigations of steady-state tumour physiology and biochemistry, as well as the response of a tumour to treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and a mixture of the two techniques (spectroscopic imaging) allow some physiological parameters, for example pH, to be 'imaged'. Using these methods, information on tissue bioenergetics and phospolipid membrane turnover, pH, hypoxia, oxygenation, and various aspects of vascularity including blood flow, angiogenesis, permeability and vascular volume can be obtained. In addition, MRS methods can be used for monitoring anticancer drugs (e.g. 5FU, ifosfamide) and their metabolites at their sites of action. The role of these state-of-the-art MR methods in imaging tumour physiology and their potential role in the clinic are discussed.
Fast Fourier transform-based correlation of DNA sequences using complex plane encoding (1991)

The detection of similarities between DNA sequences can be accomplished using the signal-processing technique of cross-correlation. An early method used the fast Fourier transform (FFT) to perform correlations on DNA sequences in O(n log n) time for any length sequence. However, this method requires many FFTs (nine), runs no faster if one sequence is much shorter than the other, and measures only global similarity, so that significant short local matches may be missed. We report that, through the use of alternative encodings of the DNA sequence in the complex plane, the number of FFTs performed can be traded off against (i) signal-to-noise ratio, and (ii) a certain degree of filtering for local similarity via k-tuple correlation. Also, when comparing probe sequences against much longer targets, the algorithm can be sped up by decomposing the target and performing multiple small FFTs in an overlap-save arrangement. Finally, by decomposing the probe sequence as well, the detection of local similarities can be further enhanced. With current advances in extremely fast hardware implementations of signal-processing operations, this approach may prove more practical than heretofore.
Rapamycins: Mechanisms of Action and Cellular Resistance (2003)

Rapamycins are macrocyclic lactones that possess immunosuppressive, antifungal and antitumor properties. The parent compound, rapamycin, is approved as an immunosup-pressive agent for preventing rejection in patients receiving organ transplantation. Two analogues, CCI-779 and RAD001 are currently being investigated as anticancer agents. Rapamycins first bind a cyclophilin FKBP12, and this complex binds and inhibits the function of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) a serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) kinase with homology to phosphatidylinositol 3' kinase. Currently, as mTOR is the only identified target, this places rapamycins in a unique position of being the most selective kinase inhibitor known. Consequently these agents have been powerful tools in elucidating the role of mTOR in cellular growth, proliferation, survival and tumorigenesis. Increasing evidence suggests that mTOR acts as a central controller sensing cellular environment (nutritional status or mitogenic stimulation) and regulating translation initiation through the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E, and ribosomal p70 S6 kinase pathways. Here we review the conserved TOR signaling pathways, conceptual basis for tumor selectivity, and the mechanisms of resistance to this class of antitumor agent.
The Key Role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA-I Lectin on Experimental Gut-Derived Sepsis (2000)

P. aeruginosa may act as a pathogen in the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in altered epithelial barrier function and death in a susceptible host. The PA-I lectin of P. aeruginosa may play a key role in its pathogenicity to the intestinal epithelium by inducing a permeability defect to its cytotoxic exoproducts such as exotoxin A.
A high-efficiency maximum power point tracker for photovoltaic arrays in a solar-powered race vehicle (2002)

A maximum power point tracker for photovoltaic arrays is presented. Components are optimized for weight/power-loss tradeoff in a solar-powered vehicle, resulting in over 97% efficiency. The control circuit uses a robust auto-oscillation method. Measurement and multiplication of array voltage and current is shown to be unnecessary, and the control is based only on output current measurement. Multiple local maxima arising from partial shading of the solar array are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Self- coherent optical OFDM: An interesting alternative to direct or coherent detection (2011)

Recently, coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) has been considered for the next generation 400-Gb/s long haul data transmission. For long haul transmission systems coherent detection is beneficial compared to direct detection as it provides higher sensitivity. Though CO-OFDM offers a virtually unlimited tolerance against linear impairments, phase noise represents major challenge that must be compensated for. Thus, phase noise compensation (PNC) technique must be applied in the digital signal processing (DSP), which is already limited in speed and processing capabilities. Conversely, self coherent optical (SCO-) OFDM is an interesting alternative which does not require any PNC in the DSP. Furthermore, no local oscillator (LO) is required at the receiver. In this paper, an overview of the recently seen self coherent techniques will be given. Generally, self coherent detection is realized by sending an optical carrier along with the data signal like in direct detection systems. At the receiver, however, the optical carrier is extracted from the signal with the use of filters with very narrow bandwidth and used as an LO using heterodyne or homodyne detection. The performance of such a system depends on the filter bandwidth that is used to extract the carrier.
Measuring the Information Content of Stock Trades (1991)

ABSTRACT This paper suggests that the interactions of security trades and quote revisions be modeled as a vector autoregressive system. Within this framework, a trade's information effect may be meaningfully measured as the ultimate price impact of the trade innovation. Estimates for a sample of NYSE issues suggest: a trade's full price impact arrives only with a protracted lag; the impact is a positive and concave function of the trade size; large trades cause the spread to widen; trades occurring in the face of wide spreads have larger price impacts; and, information asymmetries are more significant for smaller firms.
HMM-based word alignment in statistical translation (1996)

In this paper, we describe a new model for word alignment in statistical translation and present experimental results. The idea of the model is to make the alignment probabilities dependent on the differences in the alignment positions rather than on the absolute positions. To achieve this goal, the approach uses a first-order Hidden Markov model (HMM) for the word alignment problem as they are used successfully in speech recognition for the time alignment problem. The difference to the time alignment HMM is that there is no monotony constraint for the possible word orderings. We describe the details of the model and test the model on several bilingual corpora.
Atg101, a novel mammalian autophagy protein interacting with Atg13 (2009)

Autophagy is a major route by which cytoplasmic contents are delivered to the lysosome for degradation. Many autophagy-related (ATG) genes have been identified in yeast. Although most of them are conserved in human, the molecular composition of the Atg1 complex appears to differ between yeast and mammals. In yeast, Atg1 forms a complex with Atg11, Atg13, Atg17, Atg29 and Atg31, whereas mammalian Atg1 (ULK1/2) interacts with Atg13 and FIP200. Here, we identify a novel mammalian Atg13 binding protein, named Atg101. Atg101 shows no homology with other Atg proteins, and is conserved in various eukaryotes, but not in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Atg101 associates with the ULK-Atg13-FIP200 complex, most likely through direct interaction with Atg13. In Atg13 siRNA-treated cells, Atg101 is present solely as a monomer. Interaction between Atg101 and the ULK-Atg13-FIP200 complex is stable, and is not regulated by nutrient conditions. GFP-Atg101 localizes to the isolation membrane/phagophore. GFP-LC3 dot formation is suppressed and endogenous LC3-I accumulates in Atg101 siRNA-treated cells, suggesting that Atg101 is a critical factor for autophagy. Furthermore, Atg101 is important for the stability and basal phosphorylation of Atg13 and ULK1. These data suggest that Atg101 is a novel Atg protein that functions together with ULK, Atg13 and FIP200.
Cancerous stem cells can arise from pediatric brain tumors (2003)

Pediatric brain tumors are significant causes of morbidity and mortality. It has been hypothesized that they derive from self-renewing multipotent neural stem cells. Here, we tested whether different pediatric brain tumors, including medulloblastomas and gliomas, contain cells with properties similar to neural stem cells. We find that tumor-derived progenitors form neurospheres that can be passaged at clonal density and are able to self-renew. Under conditions promoting differentiation, individual cells are multipotent, giving rise to both neurons and glia, in proportions that reflect the tumor of origin. Unlike normal neural stem cells, however, tumor-derived progenitors have an unusual capacity to proliferate and sometimes differentiate into abnormal cells with multiple differentiation markers. Gene expression analysis reveals that both whole tumors and tumor-derived neurospheres express many genes characteristic of neural and other stem cells, including CD133, Sox2, musashi-1, bmi-1, maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase, and phosphoserine phosphatase, with variation from tumor to tumor. After grafting to neonatal rat brains, tumor-derived neurosphere cells migrate, produce neurons and glia, and continue to proliferate for more than 4 weeks. The results show that pediatric brain tumors contain neural stem-like cells with altered characteristics that may contribute to tumorigenesis. This finding may have important implications for treatment by means of specific targeting of stem-like cells within brain tumors.
Three-Dimensional Structure of Galactose-1-phosphate Uridylyltransferase from Escherichia coli at 1.8 .ANG. Resolution (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThree-Dimensional Structure of Galactose-1-phosphate Uridylyltransferase from Escherichia coli at 1.8 .ANG. ResolutionJoseph E. Wedekind, Perry A. Frey, and Ivan RaymentCite this: Biochemistry 1995, 34, 35, 11049–11061Publication Date (Print):September 5, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 5 September 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00035a010https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00035a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views542Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
IPA를 이용한 항공사 기내서비스 중요도와 만족도 연구 (2008)

To compare the importance and satisfaction from the cabin services which have been key elements of airline services, this study has divided cabin services into the human factors and the structural factors. This study used IPA graphs and matrixes to evaluate various and complex items and to be able to understand the importance and satisfaction easily without difficult statistic analysis. Through IPA, this study found that the importance and satisfaction of in-flight service elements showed some differences between the man and the woman. The analysis also showed that the frequency of travel per year has minor differences among the cabin service elements. This study tells us that the items what we have to keep the fine conditions and the field what we have to concentrate promptly to improve the services quality in the aircraft cabin.
Ac-SDKP Reverses Cardiac Fibrosis in Rats With Renovascular Hypertension (2003)

N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP) is a natural substrate for the N-terminal active site of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). We previously reported that Ac-SDKP prevented cardiac fibrosis in rats with renovascular or aldosterone-salt hypertension. However, it is not clear whether Ac-SDKP reverses cardiac fibrosis in hypertension, nor the mechanism(s) involved. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that Ac-SDKP reversal of hypertension-induced cardiac fibrosis involves a decrease in transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and/or connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). In 2-kidney, 1-clip (2K-1C) hypertensive rats, Ac-SDKP at 400 or 800 microg/kg per day SC was started 8 weeks after hypertension and cardiac fibrosis were established and was continued for 8 weeks. Left ventricular (LV) collagen in rats with 2K-1C plus vehicle at 8 and 16 weeks after clipping was similar but higher than in the sham group (P<0.05). Ac-SDKP at 400 and 800 microg/kg per day, which increased plasma Ac-SDKP 2- and 5-fold, respectively, reversed the increase in LV collagen in a dose-dependent manner. The mechanism by which Ac-SDKP reverses LV fibrosis does not appear to depend on ACE inhibition by Ac-SDKP, since we found that Ac-SDKP at various doses did not affect blood pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin I or bradykinin. However, Ac-SDKP reversed the increase in LV TGF-beta and CTGF compared with rats with 2K-1C plus vehicle (P<0.005). We concluded that in hypertension, Ac-SDKP reverses cardiac fibrosis, perhaps due in part to a decrease in TGF-beta and CTGF in the heart.
A Strategy for the Synthesis of Aryl α-Ketoamides Based upon the Acylation of Anions Derived from Cyanomethylamines Followed by Oxidative Cleavage (2002)

[reaction: see text] Cyanomethylamines, prepared by alkylation of amines with chloroacetonitrile, were deprotonated using NaHDMS in THF, reacted with heteroaryl or substitutedphenyl esters, and then oxidized by adding Clorox(TM) to afford aryl alpha-ketoamides in a single operation in good overall yields.