gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intramolecular disulfide loop formation in a peptide containing two cysteines (1987)

The cyanogen bromide fragment comprising residues 115-181 of Kunitz soybean trypsin inhibitor is a soluble random-coil peptide at pH 7 containing two cysteines separated by eight other amino acids in the primary sequence. Four of the six rate constants have been determined for the three disulfide exchange reactions between this fragment and oxidized and reduced forms of N-acetylcysteine methyl ester. The rate constant for intramolecular loop formation in the fragment containing one thiolate anion and one sulfur connected by a disulfide bond to the small cysteine analogue is 0.36 +/- 0.15 s-1 at 23 degrees C in 3 M guanidine hydrochloride. This measurement provides a frame of reference corresponding to formation of a small but sterically unstrained loop, the fast limit for intramolecular disulfide exchange in a random-coil peptide.
Time Domain Formulation of Pulse-Doppler Ultrasound and Blood Velocity Estimation by Cross Correlation (1986)

The Doppler effect is usually described as a frequency shift of the backscattered signals from moving targets with respect to the frequency transmitted. Recently, real-time blood flow imaging has become possible thanks to the development of a new velocity estimator based on phase-shift measurements of successive echoes. However, this method suffers from the well-known limitations of pulse-Doppler instruments. A new formulation is presented which describes the pulse-Doppler effect on the successive echoes from a cloud of moving targets as a progressive translation in time due to the displacement of the scatterers between two excitations. This approach allows us to generate efficiently computer-simulated data in order to evaluate accurately the various processing techniques. Furthermore, it leads to a novel class of velocity estimators in the time domain which measure the time shifts which are proportional to the local blood velocity. Among them, the cross correlation of the received rf signals turns out to be well suited. A local cross-correlation function is first calculated from a consecutive pair of range-gated echoes and the time shift is then determined by searching for the time position with the maximum correlation. The time-correlation technique is shown to provide accurate velocity profiles with broadband transducers. Moreover, the classical velocity limitation of pulse-Doppler is overcome because there is no ambiguity in measuring a time shift instead of a phase shift. These major advantages should make quantitative flow mapping possible and more reliable.
Antibiotic Resistance in Human Chronic Periodontitis Microbiota (2013)

Patients with CP in the United States frequently yielded subgingival periodontal pathogens resistant in vitro to therapeutic concentrations of antibiotics commonly used in clinical periodontal practice. The wide variability found in periodontal pathogen antibiotic-resistance patterns should concern clinicians empirically selecting antibiotic treatment regimens for patients with CP.
Cognitive neuroscience using wearable magnetometer arrays: Non-invasive assessment of language function (2018)

Recent work has demonstrated that Optically Pumped Magnetometers (OPMs) can be utilised to create a wearable Magnetoencephalography (MEG) system that is motion robust. In this study, we use this system to map eloquent cortex using a clinically validated language lateralisation paradigm (covert verb generation: 120 trials, ∼10 min total duration) in healthy adults (n = 3). We show that it is possible to lateralise and localise language function on a case by case basis using this system. Specifically, we show that at a sensor and source level we can reliably detect a lateralising beta band (15-30 Hz) desynchronization in all subjects. This is the first study of human cognition using OPMs and not only highlights this technology's utility as tool for (developmental) cognitive neuroscience but also its potential to contribute to surgical planning via mapping of eloquent cortex, especially in young children.
Improvement of stimulation and sensing performance of bipolar pacemaker leads (1992)

The quality of stimulation electrodes is determined by their pacing and sensing performance. During the past three years experimental efforts demonstrated, that both properties are significantly improved by coating the tips of unipolar leads with titanium nitride due to its high porosity resulting in a significant increase in Helmholtz capacity. However, the stimulation performance of bipolar leads is still poor due to the smooth surface of the indifferent ring electrodes. Therefore this paper deals with the question of suitable ring coating materials. It is shown that sputtered iridium coatings are superior to titanium nitride coatings under anodical polarization, whereas titanium nitride should be used for the cathodically polarized tip only.
Rat Marrow Stromal Cells are More Sensitive to Plating Density and Expand More Rapidly from Single‐Cell‐Derived Colonies than Human Marrow Stromal Cells (2001)

Human marrow stromal cell (hMSCs) were recently shown to expand rapidly in culture when plated at a low density of approximately 3 cells/cm(2). Low-density plating promoted proliferation of small recycling stem (RS) cells that appeared to be the most multipotent cells in the cultures. Here we demonstrated that MSCs from rat bone marrow (rMSCs) are even more sensitive to low-density plating than hMSCS: When plated at approximately 2 cells/cm(2), the cells expanded over 4,000-fold in 12 days, over twice the maximal rate observed with hMSCS: Analysis by fluorescence-activated cell sorter demonstrated that rMSCs had the same heterogeneity seen with hMSCs in that the cultures contained both small rapidly RS cells and much larger mature cells (mMSCs). The rat mMSCs differed from human mMSCs in that they regenerated RS cells in culture. Also, after low-density plating, colonies of rMSCs expanded into confluent cultures, whereas colonies of hMSCs did not.
Potent 2'-Amino-2'-deoxypyrimidine RNA Inhibitors of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (1995)

Screening of random oligonucleotide libraries with SELEX [systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment; Tuerk, C., & Gold, L. (1990) Science 249, 505-510] has emerged as a powerful method for identifying high-affinity nucleic acid ligands for a wide range of molecular targets. Nuclease sensitivity of unmodified RNA and DNA, however, imposes considerable restrictions on their use as therapeutics or diagnostics. Modified RNA in which pyrimidine 2'-hydroxy groups have been substituted with 2'-amino groups (2'-aminopyrimidine RNA) is known to be substantially more resistant to serum nucleases. We report here on the use of SELEX to identify high-affinity 2'-aminopyrimidine RNA ligands to a potent angiogenic factor, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). High-affinity ligands with the same consensus primary structure have been isolated from two independent libraries of approximately 6 x 10(14) molecules containing 30 or 50 randomized positions. Compared to unmodified RNA with the same sequence, 2'-aminopyrimidine ligands are at least 1000-fold more stable in 90% human serum. The sequence information required for high-affinity binding to bFGF is contained within 24-26 nucleotides. The minimal ligand m21A (5'-GGUGUGUGGAAGACAGCGGGUGGUUC-3'; G = guanosine, A = adenosine, C = 2'-amino-2'-deoxycytidine, U = 2'-amino-2'-deoxyuridine, and C = 2'-amino-2'-deoxycytidine or deoxycytidine) binds to bFGF with an apparent dissociation constant (Kd) of 3.5 +/- 0.3) x 10(-10) M at 37 degrees C in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4). Disassociation of m21A from bFGF is adequately described with a first-order rate constant of (1.96 +/- 0.08) x 10(-3) s-1 (t1/2 = 5.9 min). The calculated value for the association rate constant (kon = k(off)/Kd) was 5.6 x 10(6) M-1 s-1. Highly specific binding of m21A to bFGF was observed: binding to denatured bFGF, five proteins from the FGF family (acidic FGF, FGF-4, FGF-5, FGF-6, and FGF-7), and four other heparin binding proteins is substantially weaker under the same conditions with KdbFGF/Kdprotein values ranging from (4.1 +/- 1.4) x 10(-2) to > 10(-6). Heparin but not chondroitin sulfate competed for binding of m21A to bFGF. In cell culture, m21A inhibited [125I]bFGF binding to both low-affinity sites (ED50 approximately 1 nM) and high-affinity sites (ED50 approximately 3 nM) on CHO cells expressing transfected FGF receptor-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Phase II Study of Denileukin Diftitox for Relapsed/Refractory B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (2004)

Denileukin diftitox seems to be effective in relapsed or refractory, CD25+ and CD25- B-cell NHL and is well-tolerated at the dosage evaluated. Evaluation of denileukin diftitox in combination with other agents may be warranted.
Thermodynamic characterization of an engineered tetracycline-binding riboswitch (2006)

Riboswitches reflect a novel concept in gene regulation that is particularly suited for technological adaptation. Therefore, we characterized thermodynamically the ligand binding properties of a synthetic, tetracycline (tc)-binding RNA aptamer, which regulates gene expression in a dose-dependent manner when inserted into the untranslated region of an mRNA. In vitro, one molecule of tc is bound by one molecule of partially pre-structured and conformationally homogeneous apo-RNA. The dissociation constant of 770 pM, as determined by fluorimetry, is the lowest reported so far for a small molecule-binding RNA aptamer. Additional calorimetric analysis of RNA point mutants and tc derivatives identifies functional groups crucial for the interaction and including their respective enthalpic and entropic contributions we can propose detailed structural and functional roles for certain groups. The conclusions are consistent with mutational analyses in vivo and support the hypothesis that tc-binding reinforces the structure of the RNA aptamer, preventing the scanning ribosome from melting it efficiently.
Chemokines, chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules on different human endothelia: discriminating the tissue-specific functions that affect leucocyte migration (2003)

The selective accumulation of different leucocyte populations during inflammation is regulated by adhesion molecules and chemokines expressed by vascular endothelium. This study examined how chemokine production and the expression of adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors vary between endothelia from different vascular beds. Human saphenous vein endothelium was compared with lung and dermal microvascular endothelia and with umbilical vein endothelium and a bone-marrow endothelial cell line. All endothelia produced CCL2 and CXCL8 constitutively, whereas CXCL10 and CCL5 were only secreted after tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha or interferon (IFN)-gamma stimulation. In combination with TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma suppressed CXCL8 but enhanced CCL5 and CXCL10, whereas transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta reduced secretion of all chemokines. Basal chemokine secretion was higher from umbilical vein than other endothelial cells. Chemokine receptors, CXCR1, CXCR3 and CCR3, were present on all endothelia but highest on saphenous vein. CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, CXCR2, CXCR4 and CXCR5 were also detected at variable levels on different endothelia. The variation between endothelia in chemokine secretion was much greater than the variations in adhesion molecules, both on resting cells and following cytokine stimulation. These results indicate that it is the tissue-specific variations in endothelial chemokine secretion rather than variations in adhesion molecules that can explain the different patterns of inflammation and leucocyte traffic seen in non-lymphoid tissues.
Impact of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-6/11/16/18 Vaccine on All HPV-Associated Genital Diseases in Young Women (2010)

High-coverage HPV vaccination programs among adolescents and young women may result in a rapid reduction of genital warts, cervical cytological abnormalities, and diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. In the longer term, substantial reductions in the rates of cervical, vulvar, and vaginal cancers may follow.
Plasma viral load testing in the management of HIV infection. (2001)

The polymerase chain reaction assay, branched DNA assay and nucleic acid sequence-based amplification assay quantitate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA levels. Plasma viral load (PVL) testing has become a cornerstone of HIV disease management. Initiation of antiretroviral drug therapy is usually recommended when the PVL is 10,000 to 30,000 copies per mL or when CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts are less than 350 to 500 per mm3 (0.35 to 0.50 x 10(9) per L). PVL levels usually show a 1- to 2-log reduction within four to six weeks after therapy is started. The goal is no detectable virus in 16 to 24 weeks. Periodic monitoring of PVL is important to promptly identify treatment failure. When feasible, the same assay should be used for serial PVL testing in the individual patient. At least two PVL measurements usually should be performed before antiretroviral drug therapy is initiated or changed. PVL testing may be helpful in the rare instance of indeterminate HIV antibody testing, especially in a patient with recent infection.
Isoprenoid biosynthesis via the methylerythritol phosphate pathway: the (E)‐4‐hydroxy‐3‐methylbut‐2‐enyl diphosphate reductase (LytB/IspH) from Escherichia coli is a [4Fe–4S] protein (2003)

The last enzyme (LytB) of the methylerythritol phosphate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis catalyzes the reduction of (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate into isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate. This enzyme possesses a dioxygen-sensitive [4Fe-4S] cluster. This prosthetic group was characterized in the Escherichia coli enzyme by UV/visible and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy after reconstitution of the purified protein. Enzymatic activity required the presence of a reducing system such as flavodoxin/flavodoxin reductase/reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate or the photoreduced deazaflavin radical.
Nonvolatile CBRAM-Crossbar-Based 3-D-Integrated Hybrid Memory for Data Retention (2013)

This paper explores the design of 3-D-integrated hybrid memory by conductive-bridge random-access-memory (CBRAM). Considering internal states, height, and radius of the conductive bridge of one CBRAM device, an accurate CBRAM device model is developed for CBRAM-crossbar-based nonvolatile memory design with efficient estimation of area, access time, and power. Based on this design platform, one 3-D-integrated hybrid memory is designed by stacking one tier of CBRAMcrossbar with tiers of static random access memory (SRAM) and dynamic random access memory (DRAM), where the tier of CBRAM-crossbar is deployed for data retention during power gating of SRAM/DRAM tiers. One corresponding block-level data retention is developed to only write back dirty data from SRAM/DRAM to CBRAM-crossbar. When compared with phase-change random-access-memory-based system-level data retention, our design achieves 11× faster data-migration speed and 10× less data-migration power. When compared with ferroelectric random-access-memory-based bit-level data retention, our design also achieves 17× smaller area and 56× smaller power under the same data-migration speed.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of the Effects of Age and Accommodation on the Human Lens Cross-Sectional Area (2004)

This preliminary study documents, in vivo, that the lens grows with age. This growth appears to be confined to the anterior portion. A quite unexpected finding is that both the total lens CSA and the CSA of the anterior portion are greater during accommodation when zonular tension is minimized. This accommodative change in CSA, which decreases with age, may be due to compression of the lens material during relaxed accommodation when zonular tension is greatest. That both age and accommodative changes in CSA appear to be limited to the anterior portion of the lens may be related to properties of the anterior capsule and lens material, the position of the zonular attachments, and the location of the fetal nucleus.
Architecture for self-clocked self-routing photonic bit switching (2002)

Optical signal processing will be widely used in future photonic switches, because it can remove the bottleneck at electrooptic interfaces and offer an ultrahigh throughput. Self-clocked self-routing photonic switching with optical pulse-interval time-division address encoding (OPI-TDAE) has been recently demonstrated, which is useful to build broadband communication networks. In order to effectively implement photonic bit switching with OPI-TDAE, a modified architecture is presented in this paper. It is based on the two-wavelength scheme.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Introduction and expression of a fetal human globin gene in mouse fibroblasts. (1982)

An 8.5-kilobase segment of cloned human DNA including the complete G gamma-globin gene was introduced into LMTK- cells by the calcium phosphate precipitation method in the presence or absence of carrier DNA. Transfectants containing one or more copies of intact G gamma-globin genes were obtained either by ligation of the human DNA segment to a plasmid containing the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene or by nonligated cotransfer. The integrity of the integrated gamma-globin gene was established by Southern blotting experiments. Expression of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase and human gamma-globin genes was evaluated by Northern blotting and solution hybridization. Of 23 transfectants analyzed, 21 produced a 9S gamma-globin RNA migrating like authentic gamma-globin mRNA on denaturing agarose gels. The gamma-globin RNA is polyadenylated and present in the cytoplasm of the transfected cells; it accumulates to a level 10 times that of thymidine kinase mRNA, or about 5 to 50 molecules per transfected cell. By using plasmids in which the gamma-gene is inserted in either transcriptional orientation with respect to the thymidine kinase gene, it was possible to show that transcription occurred from the gamma-gene promoter.
NO-Releasing Zeolites and Their Antithrombotic Properties (2005)

Transition metal-exchanged zeolite-A adsorbs and stores nitric oxide in relatively high capacity (up to 1 mmol of NO/g of zeolite). The stored NO is released on contact with an aqueous environment under biologically relevant conditions of temperature and pH. The release of the NO can be tuned by altering the chemical composition of the zeolite, by controlling the amount of water contacting the zeolite, and by blending the zeolite with different polymers. The high capacity of zeolite for NO makes it extremely attractive for use in biological and medical applications, and our experiments indicate that the NO released from Co-exchanged zeolite-A inhibits platelet aggregation and adhesion of human platelets in vitro.
Smart Lipids for Programmable Nanomaterials (2010)

Novel, responsive liposomes are introduced, assembled from DNA-programmed lipids allowing sequence selective manipulation of nanoscale morphology. Short, single-stranded DNA sequences form polar head groups conjugated to hydrophobic tails. The morphology of the resulting lipid aggregates depends on sterics and electronics in the polar head groups and, therefore, is dependent on the DNA hybridization state. The programmability, specificity, and reversibility of the switchable system are demonstrated via dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy.
Graphene−Silica Composite Thin Films as Transparent Conductors (2007)

Transparent and electrically conductive composite silica films were fabricated on glass and hydrophilic SiOx/silicon substrates by incorporation of individual graphene oxide sheets into silica sols followed by spin-coating, chemical reduction, and thermal curing. The resulting films were characterized by SEM, AFM, TEM, low-angle X-ray reflectivity, XPS, UV-vis spectroscopy, and electrical conductivity measurements. The electrical conductivity of the films compared favorably to those of composite thin films of carbon nanotubes in silica.
Apport des perspectives phénoménologiques à la lecture des discours publicitaires (2015)

L’image de la semiotique francaise s’est figee, a partir des annees 1960, comme celle d’une discipline formelle travaillant exclusivement sur des artefacts separes de la vie et de la realite de l’experience vecue. En effet, la semiotique classique narrative coupant le texte de la realite du monde vecu, donne toutes les valeurs a l’enonce, extrait de leur contexte, ou les sujets sont exclus de leur histoire, les objets vides de leur substance et effets de sens sans presence. Pourtant cinquante ans ont passe et la discipline offre un autre visage en s’inspirant des origines phenomenologiques qui font paraitre au sein de la semiotique les dimensions perdues du sens, celles qui dependent de la « presence » meme – immediate, eprouvee – de l’autre, des textes, de la matiere sensible. A vrai dire, cette inspiration oriente cette discipline vers la constitution d’une semiotique de l’experience, ou il s’agit d’un retour a la realite, aux experiences vecues et aux pratiques quotidiennes. Cet article a pour l’objectif de montrer comment cette nouvelle perspective a change la lecture des discours notamment publicitaires en nous faisant passer de l’univers du visible a celui du sensible, de la surface du papier a l’experience vecue, de la representation a la presence et a la realite.
SIMPLE AND FACILE OXIDATION OF ALDEHYDES TO CARBOXYLIC ACIDS (1994)

(1994). SIMPLE AND FACILE OXIDATION OF ALDEHYDES TO CARBOXYLIC ACIDS. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 123-125.
Expeditious Synthesis of Contorted Hexabenzocoronenes (2009)

Contorted hexabenzocoronenes (HBCs) have been synthesized in an expedited manner utilizing a double Barton-Kellogg olefination reaction and a subsequent Scholl cyclization. The scope of both transformations was investigated using a series of pentacene quinones and double olefin precursors. The utility of these reactions to help create functionalized and oligomeric HBCs in a rapid manner is demonstrated.