gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Atherogenesis in BLT1-Deficient Mice Reveals a Role for LTB4 and BLT1 in Smooth Muscle Cell Recruitment (2005)

These new findings extend the role of inducible BLT1 to nonleukocyte populations and suggest an important target for intervention to modulate the response to vascular injury.
Definition of a type of abnormal vaginal flora that is distinct from bacterial vaginosis: aerobic vaginitis (2002)

Aerobic vaginitis is associated with aerobic micro-organisms, mainly group B streptococci and E. coli. Its characteristics are different from those of bacterial vaginosis and elicit an important host response. The most severe form of aerobic vaginitis equals desquamative inflammatory vaginitis. In theory, aerobic vaginitis may be a better candidate than bacterial vaginosis as the cause of pregnancy complications, such as ascending chorioamnionitis, preterm rupture of the membranes and preterm delivery.
Link-Level Performance of Downlink NOMA with SIC Receiver Considering Error Vector Magnitude (2015)

This paper presents the link-level performance of downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) with successive interference cancellation (SIC) receiver, considering the influence of error vector magnitude (EVM). In our evaluations, for the case of a 1-by-2 transmission and the number of NOMA multiplexed users is two, we clarify the performance of NOMA for cell-center user equipment (UE) with codeword level SIC (CWIC) receiver and the performance of the cell-edge UE, which does not apply SIC. Based on link-level performance evaluations, we show that the performance of CWIC receiver is almost the same as that of ideal SIC when the allocated transmit power ratio to cell-center UE is less than 0.35, the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) of cell-center UE is 16QAM (R = 0.51) or 64QAM (R = 0.47), and the MCS of cell-edge UE is QPSK (R = 0.51). Furthermore, we also show that, when EVM value is 4 % and the allocated power ratio to cell-center UE is between 0.2 and 0.37, the level of degradation due to the influence of EVM is below 0.6 dB, which is almost the same level of degradation as that of orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) for the EVM value required by 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE). On the other hand, we show that the influence of EVM is marginal for cell-edge UE compared to cell-center UE. However, when the cell-center UE uses a higher order modulation such as 64QAM, we show that the required SNR of cell-edge UE increases due to the increase in inter-user interference. Based on these results, we clarify that it is important for the base station (BS) to take into account the target BLER and influence of EVM when selecting the MCS and allocated transmit power ratio of NOMA UEs.
Identification of variations in the human phosphoinositide 3‐kinase p110δ gene in children with primary B‐cell immunodeficiency of unknown aetiology (2006)

Our recent study demonstrated that defects in p110delta result in B-cell immunodeficiency that is very similar to that observed in BTK-deficient mice. We revealed that the p110delta fit the B-cell signal transduction complex and played a non-redundant role in the development and function of B cells. In humans, most children with primary B-cell immunodeficiency have mutations in the BTK, whereas a few have defects in the components of the B-cell signal transduction complex. But little is known about the genetic variation of p110delta in children with defects in B-cell immunodeficiency of unknown aetiology. Sixteen patients from 15 unrelated families and 112 normal controls underwent sequence analysis to identify genetic variations of the p110delta. Allele frequency in each group was also analysed and compared. We identified five single base-pair polymorphic nucleotide exchanges in both patient and control groups with similar allele frequencies, which did not contribute to the immunodeficiency. Three of them are novel (m.953A>G, m.1200C>T and m.1561A>G), and the m.953A>G and m.1561A>G nucleotide exchanges are non-synonymous (N253S and T456A, respectively). The novel m.1561A>G was in complete linkage disequilibrium with the known m.873A>G in our study of Taiwanese group. In addition, one novel single base-pair missense mutation, m.3256G>A (E1021K), was identified in one boy with typical clinical features of primary B-cell immunodeficiency and could not be found in either his family or the normal control population. By atomic structural analysis of the amino acid as well as the alignment comparison between species, it resulted in the replacement of the negative-charged amino acid E with the positive-charged amino acid K at codon 1021, located in the highly conservative and important catalytic functional domain. Our findings could shed light on further understanding the polymorphisms of p110delta in B-cell immunodeficiency and different populations. Moreover, the 3256G>A missense mutation raised the attention and warranted further extensive analysis to elucidate the role of p110delta in human immunodeficiency.
Forecasting Granular Audience Size for Online Advertising (2019)

Orchestration of campaigns for online display advertising requires marketers to forecast audience size at the granularity of specific attributes of web traffic, characterized by the categorical nature of all attributes (e.g. {US, Chrome, Mobile}). With each attribute taking many values, the very large attribute combination set makes estimating audience size for any specific attribute combination challenging. We modify Eclat, a frequent itemset mining (FIM) algorithm, to accommodate categorical variables. For consequent frequent and infrequent itemsets, we then provide forecasts using time series analysis with conditional probabilities to aid approximation. An extensive simulation, based on typical characteristics of audience data, is built to stress test our modified-FIM approach. In two real datasets, comparison with baselines including neural network models, shows that our method lowers computation time of FIM for categorical data. On hold out samples we show that the proposed forecasting method outperforms these baselines.
Existence Theorems and Approximation Algorithms for Generalized Network Security Games (2010)

Aspnes et al introduced an innovative game for modeling the containment of the spread of viruses and worms (security breaches) in a network. In this model, nodes choose to install anti-virus software or not on an individual basis while the viruses or worms start from a node chosen uniformly at random and spread along paths consisting of insecure nodes. They showed the surprising result that a pure Nash Equilibrium always exists when all nodes have identical installation costs and identical infection costs. In this paper we present a substantial generalization of the model of that allows for arbitrary security and infection costs, and arbitrary distributions for the starting point of the attack. More significantly, our model GNS(d) incorporates a network locality parameter d which represents a hop-limit on the spread of infection as accounted for in the strategic decisions, due to either the intrinsic nature of the infection or the extent of neighborhood information that is available to a node. We determine that the network locality parameter plays a key role in the existence of pure Nash equilibria (NE): local (d = 1) and global games (d = ∞) have pure NE, while for GNS(d) games with 1 <; d <; ∞, pure NE may not exist, and in fact, it is NP-complete to determine whether a given instance has a pure NE. For local and global games, we also characterize the price of anarchy in terms of the maximum degree and vertex expansion of the contact network; these suggest natural heuristics to aid a network planner in enforcing efficient equilibria. We design a general LP-based framework for approximating the NP-complete problem of finding a socially optimal configuration in our game. Our framework yields a 2d-approximation for general GNS(d) games, and an O(log n)-approximation for the global model where n is the number of network nodes; the latter result improves on the approximation bound of O(log <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1.5</sup> n) of achieved for a special case of our global model. We study the characteristics of NE and the quality of our approximations empirically in two distinct classes of graphs: random geometric graphs and power law graphs. We find that in local and global games on these real-world networks, best response dynamics converge in linear or sub-linear time and have costs comparable to the social optimum. Finally, we study the performance of our approximation algorithms, and find that the approximation guarantees with respect to social cost are much better in practice than our theoretical bounds.
Automated Service Negotiation Between Autonomous Computational Agents (2000)

Multi-agent systems are a new computational approach for solving real world, dynamic and open system problems. Problems are conceptualized as a collection of decentralised autonomous agents that collaborate to reach the overall solution. Because of the agents autonomy, their limited rationality, and the distributed nature of most real world problems, the key issue in multi-agent system research is how to model interactions between agents. Negotiation models have emerged as suitable candidates to solve this interaction problem due to their decentralised nature, emphasis on mutual selection of an action, and the prevalence of negotiation in real social systems. The central problem addressed in this thesis is the design and engineering of a negotiation model for autonomous agents for sharing tasks and/or resources. To solve this problem a negotiation protocol and a set of deliberation mechanisms are presented which together coordinate the actions of a multiple agent system. In more detail, the negotiation protocol constrains the action selection problem solving of the agents through the use of normative rules of interaction. These rules temporally order, according to the agents’ roles, communication utterances by specifying both who can say what, as well as when. Specifically, the presented protocol is a repeated, sequential model where offers are iteratively exchanged. Under this protocol, agents are assumed to be fully committed to their utterances and utterances are private between the two agents. The protocol is distributed, symmetric, supports bi and/or multi-agent negotiation as well as distributive and integrative negotiation. In addition to coordinating the agent interactions through normative rules, a set of mechanisms are presented that coordinate the deliberation process of the agents during the ongoing negotiation. Whereas the protocol normatively describes the orderings of actions, the mechanisms describe the possible set of agent strategies in using the protocol. These strategies are captured by a negotiation architecture that is composed of responsive and deliberative decision mechanisms. Decision making with the former mechanism is based on a linear combination of simple functions called tactics, which manipulate the utility of deals. The latter mechanisms are subdivided into trade-off and issue manipulation mechanisms. The trade-off mechanism generates offers that manipulate the value, rather than the overall utility, of the offer. The issue manipu-
Probabilistic Movement Primitives (2013)

Abstract—Movement primitives are a promising approach for modular and re-usable movement generation, and suitable for data-driven movement acquisition. Beneficial properties such as simultaneous activation of multiple primitives, optimal movement encoding for stochastic systems, and generalization to new targets, are absent in most common approaches. We propose a probabilistic approach for generating, learning, and re-using movement primitives that overcomes these limitations. We represent a movement primitive as a probability distribution over trajectories. As a consequence, we can activate primitives simultaneously, smoothly blend together, generalize to new target states and encode optimal trajectories in stochastic systems. We compare our approach to the existing state-of-the art and present real robot results for learning from demonstration. Movement primitives (MP) are considered to be a state
3D video coding: an overview of present and upcoming standards (2010)

An overview of existing and upcoming 3D video coding standards is given. Various different 3D video formats are available, each with individual pros and cons. The 3D video formats can be separated into two classes: video-only formats (such as stereo and multiview video) and depth-enhanced formats (such as video plus depth and multiview video plus depth). Since all these formats exist of at least two video sequences and possibly additional depth data, efficient compression is essential for the success of 3D video applications and technologies. For the video-only formats the H.264 family of coding standards already provides efficient and widely established compression algorithms: H.264/AVC simulcast, H.264/AVC stereo SEI message, and H.264/MVC. For the depth-enhanced formats standardized coding algorithms are currently being developed. New and specially adapted coding approaches are necessary, as the depth or disparity information included in these formats has significantly different characteristics than video and is not displayed directly, but used for rendering. Motivated by evolving market needs, MPEG has started an activity to develop a generic 3D video standard within the 3DVC ad-hoc group. Key features of the standard are efficient and flexible compression of depth-enhanced 3D video representations and decoupling of content creation and display requirements.
Development of Social Vocalizations in Mice (2011)

Adult mice are highly vocal animals, with both males and females vocalizing in same sex and cross sex social encounters. Mouse pups are also highly vocal, producing isolation vocalizations when they are cold or removed from the nest. This study examined patterns in the development of pup isolation vocalizations, and compared these to adult vocalizations. In three litters of CBA/CaJ mice, we recorded isolation vocalizations at ages postnatal day 5 (p5), p7, p9, p11, and p13. Adult vocalizations were obtained in a variety of social situations. Altogether, 28,384 discrete vocal signals were recorded using high-frequency-sensitive equipment and analyzed for syllable type, spectral and temporal features, and the temporal sequencing within bouts. We found that pups produced all but one of the 11 syllable types recorded from adults. The proportions of syllable types changed developmentally, but even the youngest pups produced complex syllables with frequency-time variations. When all syllable types were pooled together for analysis, changes in the peak frequency or the duration of syllables were small, although significant, from p5 through p13. However, individual syllable types showed different, large patterns of change over development, requiring analysis of each syllable type separately. Most adult syllables were substantially lower in frequency and shorter in duration. As pups aged, the complexity of vocal bouts increased, with a greater tendency to switch between syllable types. Vocal bouts from older animals, p13 and adult, had significantly more sequential structure than those from younger mice. Overall, these results demonstrate substantial changes in social vocalizations with age. Future studies are required to identify whether these changes result from developmental processes affecting the vocal tract or control of vocalization, or from vocal learning. To provide a tool for further research, we developed a MATLAB program that generates bouts of vocalizations that correspond to mice of different ages.
Synthesis of hydrindan derivatives related to vitamin D (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of hydrindan derivatives related to vitamin DBenito Fernandez, Jose A. Martinez Perez, Juan R. Granja, Luis Castedo, and Antonio MourinoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 11, 3173–3178Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00037a039RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1282Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (860 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Integrin-mediated signaling in the regulation of osteoclast adhesion and activation (1998)

Integrins are heterodimeric membrane receptors that mediate cell-extracellular matrix (ECM), and cell-cell interactions. Integrins provide a physical link between the ECM and the cell cytoskeleton, and transduce signals which lead to elevation of cytosolic pH and calcium levels, changes in phospholipid metabolism and ultimately regulate gene expression. Osteoclast bone resorption is a complicated multistep process, that starts with matrix recognition, osteoclast attachment, polarization and formation of the sealing zone on the bone, followed by the directional secretion of acids and lysosomal enzymes to the resorbing surface. Osteoclasts exhibit high expression of the alpha v beta 3 integrin, which binds to a variety of RGD-containing proteins including vitronectin, osteopontin and bone sialoprotein. RGD-containing peptides, RGD-mimetics and blocking antibodies to alpha v beta 3 integrins were shown to inhibit bone resorption in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that this integrin plays an important role in regulating osteoclast activity. Furthermore, RGD-containing peptides and proteins modulate osteoclastic cytosolic calcium levels. Phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase and c-Src were co-immunoprecipitated with alpha v beta 3 integrins in these cells. In addition, c-Cbl was found to be a substrate of c-Src in osteoclasts. More recently, ligand-engagement or clustering of alpha v beta 3 integrins in osteoclasts induced tyrosine phosphorylation of PYK2, a member of the focal adhesion kinase family, and of p130cas, a substrate of v-Src and v-Crk. Both PYK2 and p130cas were also found in the sealing zone of actively resorbing osteoclasts. How these signaling molecules interact with each other in mediating the alpha v beta 3 rate limiting effect on bone resorption is not well understood. They emerged however as key players in linking the adhesion of osteoclasts to the bone matrix, to cytoskeletal organization, and to the polarization and activation of these cells for bone resorption.
Noninvasive prenatal detection of fetal chromosomal aneuploidies by maternal plasma nucleic acid analysis: a review of the current state of the art (2008)

Fetal nucleic acids in maternal plasma have opened up new possibilities for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal aneuploidies. One approach is based on the measurement of the allelic ratio of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the coding region of placental mRNA. Another approach is through the analysis of DNA fragments with different patterns of DNA methylation between fetal and maternal DNA. One other alternative is to enrich the fractional concentration of fetal DNA in maternal plasma using physical or chemical methods. Finally, the development of more precise digital polymerase chain reaction-based methods for fetal nucleic acid analysis might further catalyse the developments in this area. It is hoped that plasma-based molecular prenatal diagnosis might ultimately make prenatal testing safer for pregnant women and their fetuses.
High-Performance Buildings (2009)

enhancing economic growth, competitiveness, productivity, and quality of life. The construction industry in the United States contributes more than one trillion dollars to the yearly gross domestic product , but based on government statistics like those shown in Figure 1, it continues to stagnate or even lose productivity, unlike most other large-scale U.S. businesses. The construction industry is characterized by a large number of small clients, vendors, designers and contractors who are often not in a position to provide leadership in adopting new technology and practice. Other industry segments, with different structures, have seen more rapid change and significant increases in the productivity of both design and construction. For example, in the process and power industry, the capital cost per kilowatt hour of output from a power plant has declined steadily over the past decade. The construction industry as a whole, and the government agencies that work with it, have not invested significantly in research and development , and have not adequately demonstrated the technologies that do exist. Often, new methods are tried out only on individual projects, and the result is slow adoption of new technology in the marketplace. Where new technology is developed, it is most often pursued to fill an identified market niche rather than being an industry-wide innovation. In looking for the reasons for this low rate of productivity, performance, and adoption of technology, it is important to consider the role of codes and standards in building design and construction in maintaining the status quo. As currently structured, the industry is primarily driven by codes and standards that establish minimum requirements; these, in turn, are based largely on typical industry performance levels. Therefore, standards typically only prescribe minimum performance requirements that can be met by most of the design, construction, and manufacturing community. An owner or builder who wants to do better than the min-
Tightly bound zinc in human immunodeficiency virus type 1, human T-cell leukemia virus type I, and other retroviruses (1992)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) were purified by sucrose density gradient centrifugation in the presence of 1 mM EDTA. Pelleted gradient fractions were analyzed for total protein, total Gag capsid protein, and total zinc. Zinc was found to copurify and concentrate with the virus particles. Through successive cycles of resuspending in buffer containing EDTA and repelleting, the zinc content remained constant at about 1.7 mol of zinc per mol of Gag protein. Proteins from purified virus (HIV-1 and HTLV-I) were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, blotted to polyvinylidene fluoride paper, and probed with 65ZnCl2. Viral nucleocapsid (NC) proteins (HIV-1 p7NC and HTLV-I p15NC) bound 65Zn2+. Other retroviruses, including simian immunodeficiency virus, equine infectious anemia virus, bovine leukemia virus, Moloney murine leukemia virus, mouse mammary tumor virus, and Mason-Pfizer monkey virus, were found to contain amounts of zinc per milligram of total protein similar to those found in HIV-1 and HTLV-I. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that retroviral NC proteins function as zinc finger proteins in mature viruses.