gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flame-Resistant Polyester Fiber Automotive Interior Materials (2016)

The DBDPE (decabromodiphenyl ethane)/Sb 2 O 3 flame-retardant (FR) system has been adopted to study the FR treatment of polyester (PET) fiber used in automotive interior carpet. The effect of low-temperature plasma processing was also studied. By using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and cone calorimetry, tests and analyses have been done to study PET interior carpet treated in various ways. The test results show that PET carpet had better FR performance after DBDPE/Sb 2 O 3 treatment. Furthermore, the treated PET's FR performance was improved when low-temperature plasma treatment preceded the FR-treatment.
Microprocessor Control for Color-TV Receivers (1980)

A microprocessor control that makes available sophisticated and desirable features not feasible with current standard or custom IC's is described. The TV controller features modular design, which permits essential functions to be implemented on a priority basis while events of secondary importance are held until processing time is available. Physical modularity also permits features to be added in the form of software changes, thus saving manufacturers the expense in time and money of hardware redesign.
Fuel-Cooled Thermal Management for Advanced Aeroengines (2004)

Fuel-cooled thermal management, including endothermic cracking and reforming of hydrocarbon fuels, is an enabling technology for advanced aero engines and offers potential for cycle improvements and pollutant emissions control in gas turbine engine applications. The successful implementation of this technology is, however, predicated on the use of conventional multicomponent hydrocarbon fuels and an understanding of the combustion characteristics of the reformed fuel mixture. The objective of this research is to develop and demonstrate the technologies necessary for utilizing conventional multicomponent hydrocarbon fuels for fuel-cooled thermal management, including the development of the endothermic potential of JP-7 and JP-8+100, a demonstration of the combustion of supercritical/endothermic fuel mixtures, and conceptual design of a fuel-air heat exchanger. The ability to achieve high heat sinks with existing jet fuels (e.g., JP-7 and JP-8+100) was demonstrated with a bench-scale test rig operating under flow conditions and passage geometries simulative of practical heat exchangers for aircraft and missile applications. Key measurements included fuel heat sink, reaction products, and extent of conversion. Full-scale sector rig tests were conducted to characterize the combustion and emissions of supercritical jet fuel, and demonstrate the safety and operability of the fuel system, including a fuel-air heat exchanger.
Buffer Capacities of Human Blood and Plasma (1958)

Abstract Normal values for buffer capacity of blood and plasma of a number of normal subjects over various intervals between pH 7.5 and 6.1 were determined. The buffer capacities of blood and plasma were 38.5 and 16.1 mEq/L/pH respectively at physiologic pH values. Normal blood and plasma buffer capacities were relatively constant from pH 7.4-6.6. The buffer capacity of plasma proteins was found to be greater than that of bicarbonate at physiologic pH range. Variations of buffer capacity caused by certain disease processes are reported and discussed.
Identification of Catalytic Bases in the Active Site of Escherichia coli Methylglyoxal Synthase:  Cloning, Expression, and Functional Characterization of Conserved Aspartic Acid Residues (1998)

Methylglyoxal synthase provides bacteria with an alternative to triosephosphate isomerase for metabolizing dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP). In the present studies, the methylglyoxal synthase gene in Escherichia coli has been cloned and sequenced. The identified open reading frame (ORF) codes for a polypeptide of 152 amino acids, consistent with the 17 kDa purified protein. The sequence of this protein is not similar to any other protein of known function, including the functionally similar protein triosephosphate isomerase. The methylglyoxal synthase gene was amplified by PCR, subcloned into the pET16B expression vector, and expressed in the host E. coli BL21(DE3). Sequence comparison of the methylglyoxal protein and related ORFs from four different bacterial species revealed that four aspartic acid and no glutamic acid residues are absolutely conserved. The function of the four aspartic acid residues was tested by mutating them to either asparagine or glutamic acid. Thermal denaturation, CD spectroscopy, and gel filtration experiments showed that the mutant enzymes had the same secondary and quaternary structure as the wild-type enzyme. Kinetic characterization of both Asp 71 and Asp 101 mutant proteins shows reduced kcat/Km by 10(3)- and 10(4)-fold respectively, suggesting that they are both intimately involved in catalysis. A time-dependent inhibition of both Asp 20 and Asp 91 asparagine mutants by DHAP suggests that these two residues are involved with protecting the enzyme from DHAP or reactive intermediates along the catalytic pathway. In combination with the results of 2-phosphoglycolate binding studies, a catalytic mechanism is proposed.
Nucleotide Sequence of theClostridium stercorarium xynAGene Encoding Xylanase A: Identification of Catalytic and Cellulose Binding Domains (1993)

The nucleotides of the xynA gene of Clostridium stercorarium were sequenced. The structural gene consists of an open reading frame of 1533 bp encoding 511 amino acids with an M(r) of 56,519. The signal peptide cleavage site was identified by comparison with the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme produced by a recombinant Escherichia coli. Xylanase A consists of a catalytic domain belonging to family G at the N-terminus and two direct repeats of about 90 amino acids with a short spacing at the C-terminus. Deletion analysis showed that the repeated sequences were responsible for binding the enzyme to Avicel and were not essential for catalytic activity. The catalytic domain of this enzyme is highly homologous to xylanase A of Clostridium acetobutylicum (identity: 69%) and xylanase B of Bacillus pumilus (identity: 64%).
Biosynthesis of phenazine pigments in mutant and wild-type cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1979)

Pigmentation mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, selected by observed visual differences in coloration from the wild-type strain, were examined for altered patterns of phenazine synthesis. Three classes of mutants that were incapable of pyocyanine production were identified. Pigmentation patterns that were found to characterize the various mutant classes implicated precursor-product relationships, and a biochemical scheme covering the terminal reactions of pyocyanine biosynthesis is proposed. Among compounds tested as inhibitors of pigmentation, two effectively inhibited pyocyanine production production while allowing cell growth. p-Aminobenzoate inhibited total pigmentation; i.e., no other phenazine accumulated. m-Aminobenzoate inhibited a presumptive methylation step in pyocyanine biosynthesis, abolishing the formation of pyocyanine and aeruginosin pigments but increasing the yields of phenazine 1-carboxylic acid and oxychlororaphin. D-[2,3,4,5(n)-14C]shikimate was most efficiently incorporated into phenazines in the middle to late exponential phase of growth. Label was incorporated predominantly into pyocyanine in the absence of inhibitors and into phenazine 1-carboxylic acid when the organism was grown in the presence of m-aminobenzoate.
The Synthesis of Bicyclic Ketols from Cyclohexanones (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of Bicyclic Ketols from CyclohexanonesJames A. Marshall and Wayne I. FantaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 9, 2501–2505Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01032a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01032a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views699Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithms: Analyzing the State-of-the-Art (2000)

Solving optimization problems with multiple (often conflicting) objectives is, generally, a very difficult goal. Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) were initially extended and applied during the mid-eighties in an attempt to stochastically solve problems of this generic class. During the past decade, a variety, of multiobjective EA (MOEA) techniques have been proposed and applied to many scientific and engineering applications. Our discussion's intent is to rigorously define multiobjective optimization problems and certain related concepts, present an MOEA classification scheme, and evaluate the variety of contemporary MOEAs. Current MOEA theoretical developments are evaluated; specific topics addressed include fitness functions, Pareto ranking, niching, fitness sharing, mating restriction, and secondary populations. Since the development and application of MOEAs is a dynamic and rapidly growing activity, we focus on key analytical insights based upon critical MOEA evaluation of current research and applications. Recommended MOEA designs are presented, along with conclusions and recommendations for future work.
Reversal of tolerance to human MUC1 antigen in MUC1 transgenic mice immunized with fusions of dendritic and carcinoma cells (1998)

Immunological unresponsiveness established by the elimination or anergy of self-reactive lymphocyte clones is of importance to immunization against tumor-associated antigens. In this study, we have investigated induction of immunity against the human MUC1 carcinoma-associated antigen in MUC1 transgenic mice unresponsive to MUC1 antigen. Immunization of adult MUC1 transgenic mice with irradiated MUC1-positive tumor cells was unsuccessful in reversing unresponsiveness to MUC1. By contrast, fusions of dendritic cells with MUC1-positive tumor cells induced cellular and humoral immunity against MUC1. Immunization with the dendritic cell fusions that express MUC1 resulted in the rejection of established metastases and no apparent autoimmunity against normal tissues. These findings demonstrate that unresponsiveness to the MUC1 tumor-associated antigen is reversible by immunization with heterokaryons of dendritic cells and MUC1-positive carcinoma cells.
Effect of histamine H3-receptor antagonist clobenpropit on spatial memory of radial maze performance in rats. (2000)

The brain histamine H3-receptor antagonists are highly related to the spatial memory, and this action may be due to cholinergic neurons.
Selective regulation of expression of protein kinase C (PKC) isoenzymes in multidrug-resistant MCF-7 cells. Functional significance of enhanced expression of PKC alpha. (1993)

The multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype induces cross-resistance to many chemotherapeutic agents in cancer cells. Protein kinase C (PKC) has been implicated in the regulation of the MDR phenotype. In order to determine the role of specific PKC isoenzymes in regulating the MDR phenotype, the expression and activity of PKC isoenzymes in the human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7-WT, and an MDR subline, MCF-7-MDR, were examined. The MDR phenotype was associated with a 10-fold increase in calcium-dependent PKC activity as well as a 10-fold decrease in calcium-independent activity was due to a selective increase in the activity was due to a selective increase in the expression of PKC alpha as determined by Western blot analysis and hydroxylapatite chromatography. This increase in expression of PKC alpha was regulated at the message level as demonstrated by Northern blot analysis. The decrease in calcium-independent activity was caused by a decrease in the expression of PCK delta and epsilon. The significance of the increase in PKC alpha expression was then demonstrated by a commensurate 11-fold increase in the basal and stimulated phosphorylation of the myristolated alanine-rich C kinase substrate. Phosphorylation of P-glycoprotein, the cellular mediator of the MDR phenotype, was increased > 20-fold in the unstimulated MCF-7-MDR cell line and its phosphorylation was further increased 2-fold in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. These changes paralleled the increases in P-glycoprotein pump function and the MDR phenotype underscoring the role for PKC alpha in regulating P-glycoprotein phosphorylation and function.
Insights into the mechanisms of action of the MAO inhibitors phenelzine and tranylcypromine: a review. (1992)

Although the non-selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors phenelzine and tranylcypromine have been used for many years, much still remains to be understood about their mechanisms of action. Other factors, in addition to the inhibition of monoamine oxidase and the subsequent elevation of brain levels of the catecholamines and 5-hydroxytryptamine, may contribute to the overall pharmacological profiles of these drugs. This review also considers the effects on brain levels of amino acids and trace amines, uptake and release of neurotransmitter amines at nerve terminals, receptors for amino acids and amines, and enzymes other than monoamine oxidase, including enzymes involved in metabolism of other drugs. The possible contributions of metabolism and stereochemistry to the actions of these monoamine oxidase inhibitors are discussed.
α-Synuclein Fibrillogenesis Is Nucleation-dependent (1999)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is pathologically characterized by the presence of intracytoplasmic Lewy bodies, the major components of which are filaments consisting of alpha-synuclein. Two recently identified point mutations in alpha-synuclein are the only known genetic causes of PD. alpha-Synuclein fibrils similar to the Lewy body filaments can be formed in vitro, and we have shown recently that both PD-linked mutations accelerate their formation. This study addresses the mechanism of alpha-synuclein aggregation: we show that (i) it is a nucleation-dependent process that can be seeded by aggregated alpha-synuclein functioning as nuclei, (ii) this fibril growth follows first-order kinetics with respect to alpha-synuclein concentration, and (iii) mutant alpha-synuclein can seed the aggregation of wild type alpha-synuclein, which leads us to predict that the Lewy bodies of familial PD patients with alpha-synuclein mutations will contain both, the mutant and the wild type protein. Finally (iv), we show that wild type and mutant forms of alpha-synuclein do not differ in their critical concentrations. These results suggest that differences in aggregation kinetics of alpha-synucleins cannot be explained by differences in solubility but are due to different nucleation rates. Consequently, alpha-synuclein nucleation may be the rate-limiting step for the formation of Lewy body alpha-synuclein fibrils in Parkinson's disease.
Stereochemical and Isotopic Labeling Studies of 4-Oxalocrotonate Decarboxylase and Vinylpyruvate Hydratase: Analysis and Mechanistic Implications (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereochemical and Isotopic Labeling Studies of 4-Oxalocrotonate Decarboxylase and Vinylpyruvate Hydratase: Analysis and Mechanistic ImplicationsHuiling Lian and Christian P. WhitmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 23, 10403–10411Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00102a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00102a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views217Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Effect of Pomegranate (Punica granatumL.) Byproducts and Ellagitannins on the Growth of Human Gut Bacteria (2009)

The consumption of pomegranate products leads to a significant accumulation of ellagitannins in the large intestines, where they interact with complex gut microflora. This study investigated the effect of pomegranate tannin constituents on the growth of various species of human gut bacteria. Our results showed that pomegranate byproducts and punicalagins inhibited the growth of pathogenic clostridia and Staphyloccocus aureus. Probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria were generally not affected by ellagitannins, while relatively small growth inhibition by ellagic acid likely resulted from decreasing media quality due to the formation of tannin-protein complexes. The effect of pomegranate ellagitannins on bifidobacteria was species- and tannin-dependent. The growth of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis was slightly inhibited by punicalagins, punicalins, and ellagic acid. POMx supplementation significantly enhanced the growth of Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium infantis.
Dextromethorphan improves levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease (1998)

These findings support the view that drugs acting to inhibit glutamatergic transmission at the NMDA receptors can ameliorate levodopa-associated dyskinesias.
Adenosine-Dependent Assembly of Aptazyme-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles and Its Application as a Colorimetric Biosensor (2004)

Previous work has shown that DNAzyme-directed assembly of gold nanoparticles can be utilized to make effective colorimetric biosensors. However, the method is restricted to analytes that are directly involved in phosphodiester cleavage. To expand the methodology to a broader range of analytes, a colorimetric adenosine biosensor based on the aptazyme-directed assembly of gold nanoparticles is reported here. The aptazyme is based on the 8-17 DNAzyme with an adenosine aptamer motif that can modulate the DNAzyme activity through allosteric interactions depending on the presence of adenosine. In the absence of adenosine, the aptazyme is inactive and the substrate strands can serve as linkers to assemble DNA-functionalized 13-nm-diameter gold nanoparticles, resulting in a blue color. However, the presence of adenosine activates the aptazyme, which cleaves the substrate strand, disrupting the formation of nanoparticle aggregates. A red color of separated gold nanoparticles is observed. Concentrations of adenosine of up to 1 mM can be measured semiquantitatively by the degree of blue to red color changes or quantitatively by the extinction ratio at 520 and 700 nm. Under the same conditions, 5 mM guanosine, cytidine, or uridine resulted in a blue color only, indicating good selectivity of the sensor. The color difference can be clearly observed by the naked eye by spotting the resulting sensor solution onto an alumina TLC plate. Since aptamers that can target many classes of important analytes have already been selected, they can be adapted into aptazyme systems through rational design or further selection. Thus, colorimetric biosensors for many analytes of interest can be designed using the method presented here, regardless of whether the analytes are directly involved in the cleavage reaction or not.
Schema theory and the analysis of text worlds in poetry (1995)

This article demonstrates an approach to the study of text worlds in poetry based on the theory of background knowledge and comprehension generally known as schema theory. It is argued that such an approach constitutes a useful alternative to the possible-world models which have traditionally been applied to the description of fictional worlds. From a cognitive point of view, text worlds can be seen as resulting from the application of certain portions of the reader's background knowledge (schemata) to the interpretation of texts. The reader's perception of a particular text world will depend on the extent to which his or her existing schemata are confirmed or challenged during the process of interpretation. Following Cook (1990 and forthcoming), I describe the former outcome as 'schema reinforcement' and the latter as 'schema refreshment'. Two contemporary poems (Seamus Heaney's 'A Pillowed Head' and Sylvia Plath's 'The Applicant') are analysed in detail, in order to: i. show the possibility of combining linguistic description and schema theory in the analysis of texts, and ii. demonstrate the usefulness of the notions of schema reinforcement and schema refreshment in accounting for the differences between the worlds projected by different texts. A partial redefinition of the notion of schema refreshment is suggested in the light of the analyses.
K-252a inhibits nerve growth factor-induced trk proto-oncogene tyrosine phosphorylation and kinase activity. (1992)

The rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cell line differentiates into a sympathetic neuronal phenotype upon treatment with either nerve growth factor (NGF) or basic fibroblast growth factor. The alkaloid-like compound K-252a has been demonstrated to be a specific inhibitor of NGF-induced biological responses in PC12 cells (Koizumi, S., Contreras, M. L., Matsuda, Y., Hama, T., Lazarovici, P., and Guroff, G. (1988) J. Neurosci. Res. 8, 715-721). NGF interacts with the protein product of the proto-oncogene trk and rapidly stimulates the tyrosine phosphorylation of both p140prototrk and a number of cellular substrates. Here we show that these phosphorylation events are directly inhibited in PC12 cells by K252a in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that the site of action of this inhibitor is at the NGF receptor level. K-252a inhibits p140prototrk activity in vitro, demonstrating that K-252a has a direct effect on the p140prototrk tyrosine kinase. Though many of the biochemical responses to NGF in PC12 cells are mimicked by basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor, K-252a has no effect on the action of these growth factors in PC12 cells, demonstrating that the initial biological events initiated by NGF are distinctive during neuronal differentiation.