gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fractional Programming for Communication Systems—Part I: Power Control and Beamforming (2018)

This two-part paper explores the use of FP in the design and optimization of communication systems. Part I of this paper focuses on FP theory and on solving continuous problems. The main theoretical contribution is a novel quadratic transform technique for tackling the multiple-ratio concave-convex FP problem--in contrast to conventional FP techniques that mostly can only deal with the single-ratio or the max-min-ratio case. Multiple-ratio FP problems are important for the optimization of communication networks, because system-level design often involves multiple signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio terms. This paper considers the applications of FP to solving continuous problems in communication system design, particularly for power control, beamforming, and energy efficiency maximization. These application cases illustrate that the proposed quadratic transform can greatly facilitate the optimization involving ratios by recasting the original nonconvex problem as a sequence of convex problems. This FP-based problem reformulation gives rise to an efficient iterative optimization algorithm with provable convergence to a stationary point. The paper further demonstrates close connections between the proposed FP approach and other well-known algorithms in the literature, such as the fixed-point iteration and the weighted minimum mean-square-error beamforming. The optimization of discrete problems is discussed in Part II of this paper.
The microbiome in cancer immunotherapy: Diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies (2018)

The fine line between human health and disease can be driven by the interplay between host and microbial factors. This "metagenome" regulates cancer initiation, progression, and response to therapies. Besides the capacity of distinct microbial species to modulate the pharmacodynamics of chemotherapeutic drugs, symbiosis between epithelial barriers and their microbial ecosystems has a major impact on the local and distant immune system, markedly influencing clinical outcome in cancer patients. Efficacy of cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint antibodies can be diminished with administration of antibiotics, and superior efficacy is observed with the presence of specific gut microbes. Future strategies of precision medicine will likely rely on novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools with which to identify and correct defects in the microbiome that compromise therapeutic efficacy.
A 34% PAE, 18.6dBm 42&#x2013;45GHz stacked power amplifier in 45nm SOI CMOS (2012)

A two-stack 42-45GHz power amplifier is implemented in 45nm SOI CMOS. Transistor stacking allows increased drain biasing to increase output power. Additionally, shunt inter-stage matching is used and improves PAE by more than 6%. This amplifier exhibits 18.6dBm saturated output power, with peak power gain of 9.5dB. It occupies 0.3mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> including pads while achieving a peak PAE of 34%. The PAE remains above 30% from 42 to 45GHz.
DeepArchitect: Automatically Designing and Training Deep Architectures (2017)

In deep learning, performance is strongly affected by the choice of architecture and hyperparameters. While there has been extensive work on automatic hyperparameter optimization for simple spaces, complex spaces such as the space of deep architectures remain largely unexplored. As a result, the choice of architecture is done manually by the human expert through a slow trial and error process guided mainly by intuition. In this paper we describe a framework for automatically designing and training deep models. We propose an extensible and modular language that allows the human expert to compactly represent complex search spaces over architectures and their hyperparameters. The resulting search spaces are tree-structured and therefore easy to traverse. Models can be automatically compiled to computational graphs once values for all hyperparameters have been chosen. We can leverage the structure of the search space to introduce different model search algorithms, such as random search, Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS), and sequential model-based optimization (SMBO). We present experiments comparing the different algorithms on CIFAR-10 and show that MCTS and SMBO outperform random search. In addition, these experiments show that our framework can be used effectively for model discovery, as it is possible to describe expressive search spaces and discover competitive models without much effort from the human expert. Code for our framework and experiments has been made publicly available.
Murine B7-2, an alternative CTLA4 counter-receptor that costimulates T cell proliferation and interleukin 2 production. (1993)

The B7-1 molecule, expressed on antigen presenting cells (APC), provides a crucial costimulatory signal for T cell activation. Recent studies demonstrate the existence of alternative, non-B7-1 CTLA4 counter-receptors in mice and humans. Here, we describe the molecular cloning and demonstrate costimulatory function of the murine B7-2 (mB7-2) gene. Murine B7-2 cDNA encodes a member of the Ig supergene family that binds CTLA4-Ig and stains with the GL1 but not anti-mB7-1 mAb. Murine B7-2 costimulates the proliferation and interleukin 2 production of CD4+ T cells and this costimulation can be inhibited by either CTLA4-Ig or GL1 mAb. Identification of the B7-2 molecule will permit further manipulation of the B7:CD28/CTLA4 costimulatory pathway which has been shown to be involved in the prevention of tolerance, induction of tumor immunity, and most recently, in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity.
Epithelial Cell Modulation of Airway Fibrosis in Asthma (2003)

Keywords: epidermal growth factor, EGF; endothelin, ET; interleukin, IL; transforming growth factor, TGF; vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF
Silibinin Attenuates Sulfur Mustard Analog-Induced Skin Injury by Targeting Multiple Pathways Connecting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation (2012)

Chemical warfare agent sulfur mustard (HD) inflicts delayed blistering and incapacitating skin injuries. To identify effective countermeasures against HD-induced skin injuries, efficacy studies were carried out employing HD analog 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES)-induced injury biomarkers in skin cells and SKH-1 hairless mouse skin. The data demonstrate strong therapeutic efficacy of silibinin, a natural flavanone, in attenuating CEES-induced skin injury and oxidative stress. In skin cells, silibinin (10 µM) treatment 30 min after 0.35/0.5 mM CEES exposure caused a significant (p<0.05) reversal in CEES-induced decrease in cell viability, apoptotic and necrotic cell death, DNA damage, and an increase in oxidative stress. Silibinin (1 mg) applied topically to mouse skin 30 min post-CEES exposure (2 mg), was effective in reversing CEES-induced increases in skin bi-fold (62%) and epidermal thickness (85%), apoptotic cell death (70%), myeloperoxidase activity (complete reversal), induction of iNOS, COX-2, and MMP-9 protein levels (>90%), and activation of transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1 (complete reversal). Similarly, silibinin treatment was also effective in attenuating CEES-induced oxidative stress measured by 4-hydroxynonenal and 5,5-dimethyl-2-(8-octanoic acid)-1-pyrolline N-oxide protein adduct formation, and 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine levels. Since our previous studies implicated oxidative stress, in part, in CEES-induced toxic responses, the reversal of CEES-induced oxidative stress and other toxic effects by silibinin in this study indicate its pleiotropic therapeutic efficacy. Together, these findings support further optimization of silibinin in HD skin toxicity model to develop a novel effective therapy for skin injuries by vesicants.
Assessment of Cerebral Tissue Oxygenation in Patients With Sickle Cell Disease: Effect of Transfusion Therapy (2004)

This study used spatially resolved transcranial near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to compare brain tissue oxygenation in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients with that of healthy children. In addition, NIRS was used to measure the dynamic response of cerebral oxygen balance to erythrocytapheresis. Transcranial NIRS measurements were obtained from 25 children with SCD who were not receiving transfusion or hydroxyurea therapy (NT-SCD). These patients were divided into two subgroups, those with mild (n = 10) or severe (n = 15) SCD symptoms. In addition, NIRS measurements were performed in 16 SCD patients with severe disease maintained on long-term erythrocytapheresis (T-SCD) and in 35 control children. The lowest mean brain tissue oxygen saturation occurred in the NT-SCD subgroup with severe symptoms (48 +/- 9%; P < 0.001 vs. control). NT-SCD patients with mild symptoms had higher saturation (62 +/- 8%; P < 0.001 vs. control), while the highest appeared in the control group (72 +/- 7%). In T-SCD patients, however, brain tissue oxygen saturations were higher than severely symptomatic NT-SCD children and similar to mildly symptomatic NT-SCD children (65 +/- 7%). Non-invasive measurements of brain tissue oxygenation with NIRS revealed that abnormal oxygen saturation levels in SCD patients correlated with the severity of their clinical manifestations. Additionally, cerebral oxygen balance seems to be favorably affected by erythro-cytapheresis.
Cardiac Ion Channel Expression and Contractile Function in Mice with Deletion of Thyroid Hormone Receptor α or β**This work was supported by Grant HL-25022 (to W.H.D.) and by operating grants from the Canadian Medical Research Council and the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada (to W.G. and R.C.). (2001)

Cardiac myocytes express the two thyroid hormone receptors (T(3)Rs), T(3)Ralpha and T(3)Rbeta. However, which isoform contributes to specific, T(3)-induced alterations of cardiac function remains unclear. Here, we used individual T(3)R isoform knockout (KO) mice to study the effects of T(3)Ralpha and T(3)Rbeta in the heart. Our findings indicate that potassium channel genes that code for K(+) channels involved in action potential repolarization, like KV 4.2 and minK, are T(3)Ralpha targets. Both are markedly regulated by thyroid status. The recently identified cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, HCN2 and HCN4, are targets of T(3)Ralpha and are unchanged in a euthyroid T(3)Rbeta KO. However, these transcripts respond markedly to altered T(3) signaling concomitant with bradycardia in T(3)Ralpha KO and hypothyroid animals, as well as tachycardia in hyperthyroid T(3)Rss KO mice. SERCA2a and myosins are T(3) regulated and were also targets of T(3)Ralpha, and the papillary muscles of alphaKO animals showed a slowed rate of force development. Because of the absence of significant cardiac effects in euthyroid T(3)Rss KO mice, we determined messenger RNA levels for both T(3)Ralpha and T(3)Rss in the heart. We found that T(3)Rss is present at a 1:3 ratio to T(3)Ralpha1. We conclude that the cardiac phenotype regulated by T(3) is predominantly mediated by T(3)Ralpha and that the lack of T(3)Ralpha cannot be compensated by T(3)Rss in the heart.
Acid Retardation. Simple Physical Method for Separation of Strong Acids from Their Salts (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcid Retardation. Simple Physical Method for Separation of Strong Acids from Their SaltsM. J. Hatch and J. A. DillonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1963, 2, 4, 253–263Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260008a001https://doi.org/10.1021/i260008a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views532Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Improved Distributed Principal Component Analysis (2014)

We study the distributed computing setting in which there are multiple servers, each holding a set of points, who wish to compute functions on the union of their point sets. A key task in this setting is Principal Component Analysis (PCA), in which the servers would like to compute a low dimensional subspace capturing as much of the variance of the union of their point sets as possible. Given a procedure for approximate PCA, one can use it to approximately solve $\ell_2$-error fitting problems such as $k$-means clustering and subspace clustering. The essential properties of an approximate distributed PCA algorithm are its communication cost and computational efficiency for a given desired accuracy in downstream applications. We give new algorithms and analyses for distributed PCA which lead to improved communication and computational costs for $k$-means clustering and related problems. Our empirical study on real world data shows a speedup of orders of magnitude, preserving communication with only a negligible degradation in solution quality. Some of these techniques we develop, such as a general transformation from a constant success probability subspace embedding to a high success probability subspace embedding with a dimension and sparsity independent of the success probability, may be of independent interest.
Structural Stability of Burkholderia cenocepacia Biofilms Is Reliant on eDNA Structure and Presence of a Bacterial Nucleic Acid Binding Protein (2013)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common lethal inherited genetic disorder affection Caucasians. Even with medical advances, CF is life-shortening with patients typically surviving only to age 38. Infection of the CF lung by Burkholderia cenocepacia presents exceptional challenges to medical management of these patients as clinically this microbe is resistant to virtually all antibiotics, is highly transmissible and infection of CF patients with this microbe renders them ineligible for lung transplant, often the last lifesaving option. Here we have targeted two abundant components of the B. cenocepacia biofilm for immune intervention: extracellular DNA and DNABII proteins, the latter of which are bacterial nucleic acid binding proteins. Treatment of B. cenocepacia biofilms with antiserum directed at one of these DNABII proteins (integration host factor or IHF) resulted in significant disruption of the biofilm. Moreover, when anti-IHF mediated destabilization of a B. cenocepacia biofilm was combined with exposure to traditional antibiotics, B. cenocepacia resident within the biofilm and thereby typically highly resistant to the action of antibiotics, were now rendered susceptible to killing. Pre-incubation of B. cenocepacia with anti-IHF serum prior to exposure to murine CF macrophages, which are normally unable to effectively degrade ingested B. cenocepacia, resulted in a statistically significant increase in killing of phagocytized B. cenocepacia. Collectively, these findings support further development of strategies that target DNABII proteins as a novel approach for treatment of CF patients, particularly those whose lungs are infected with B. cenocepacia.
Liquid crystalline poly(β‐aminoester)s containing different mesogenic groups (1985)

Abstract Four series of new poly(β‐aminoester)s based on different mesogenic units and amino spacers were prepared and their properties examined. The polymers were obtained by a Michael‐type polyaddition reaction of the diamines piperazine ( 5a ), 2‐methylpiperazine ( 5b ), N,N ′‐dimethylhexamethylenediamine ( 5c ), and 4,4′‐trimethylenedipiperidine ( 5d ) to diacrylates containing the anisotropic group, trans ‐4,4′‐vinylenedi‐ p ‐phenylene diacrylate ( 1 ), 4‐(4‐acryloyloxybenzylideneamino)phenyl acrylate ( 2 ), 4,4′‐diphenylylene diacrylate ( 3 ), and 4,4′‐azoxydi‐ p ‐phenylene diacrylate ( 4 ). The mesophase behaviour of the resulting polymers 6–9 was strongly influenced by the nature of both the anisotropic and spacer groups. The 4,4′‐azoxydi‐ p ‐phenylene unit appeared to be the most efficient in promoting liquid crystal properties, whereas no mesophases could be observed in polymers incorporating the 4,4′‐biphenylylene unit. Doping of poly(β‐aminoester)s, based on 4,4′‐azoxydi‐ p ‐phenylene units, with a low‐molar‐mass cholesterogen allowed to obtain cholesteric structures extending over wide ranges of temperature. The molecular weight of the polymers was found to play a role in determining thermotropic mesomorphism by affecting the melting temperature of the polymer. In this context, some non‐macromolecular model compounds were analyzed in respect of their thermal behaviour.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of Pyrazolines and Isoxazolines with Sodium Benzenesulfinate as a Traceless Linker (2003)

[reaction: see text] The preparation of pyrazoline and isoxazoline derivatives with traceless solid-phase sulfone linker strategy is described. Key steps involved in the solid-phase synthetic procedure include (i) sulfinate S-alkylation, (ii) sulfone anion alkylation, (iii) gamma-hydroxy sulfone --> gamma-ketosulfone oxidation, and (iv) traceless product release via elimination-cyclization. A library of 12 pyrazolines and isoxazolines was synthesized.
Modeling Dominant and Recessive Forms of Retinitis Pigmentosa by Editing Three Rhodopsin-Encoding Genes in Xenopus Laevis Using Crispr/Cas9 (2017)

The utility of Xenopus laevis, a common research subject for developmental biology, retinal physiology, cell biology, and other investigations, has been limited by lack of a robust gene knockout or knock-down technology. Here we describe manipulation of the X. laevis genome using CRISPR/Cas9 to model the human disorder retinitis pigmentosa, and to introduce point mutations or exogenous DNA sequences. We introduced and characterized in-frame and out-of-frame insertions and deletions in three genes encoding rhodopsin by co-injection of Cas9 mRNA, eGFP mRNA, and single guide RNAs into fertilized eggs. Deletions were characterized by direct sequencing and cloning; phenotypes were assessed by assays of rod opsin in retinal extracts, and confocal microscopy of cryosectioned and immunolabeled contralateral eyes. We obtained germline transmission of editing to F1 offspring. In-frame deletions frequently caused dominant retinal degeneration associated with rhodopsin biosynthesis defects, while frameshift phenotypes were consistent with knockout. We inserted eGFP or point mutations into rhodopsin genes by co-injection of repair fragments with homology to the Cas9 target sites. Our techniques can produce high frequency gene editing in X. laevis, permitting analysis in the F0 generation, and advancing the utility of X. laevis as a subject for biological research and disease modeling.
Mycophenolic acid-treated human dendritic cells have a mature migratory phenotype and inhibit allogeneic responses via direct and indirect pathways (2005)

Immature dendritic cells (DCs) can induce T-cell hyporesponsiveness, thus interfering with the process of DC maturation in a pro-inflammatory context, may therefore provide a novel approach to inducing allograft tolerance. We have studied the effects of mycophenolic acid (MPA), an immunosuppressive agent currently used in transplantation, using an in vitro model of a mixed human DC/alloreactive CD4(+) T lymphocyte culture. DCs differentiated from monocytes were exposed to MPA during maturation. MPA treatment affected the maturation of DCs, and this was reflected both in the impairment of the up-regulation of co-stimulatory molecule expression and the maintained endocytic capacity. However, MPA-DCs exhibited a distinctive microscopic morphology and secreted IL-10 and so could no longer be regarded as immature DC. Moreover, MPA-DCs had a mature phenotype for chemokine receptor expression, exhibiting down-regulation of CCR5 and up-regulation of CCR7. Interestingly, the abilities of the MPA-DCs to induce CD4(+) T-cell proliferation in response to alloantigens was impaired not only via direct but also via indirect pathways. The maintenance of endocytosis and the inhibition of syngeneic T-cell activation suggest that these cells could have a potential role to avoid chronic rejection. All these characteristics suggest that MPA-DCs may be used in cell therapy to induce allograft tolerance.
Evaluation of the Appearance of Nail Polish Following Daily Treatment of Ex Vivo Human Fingernails With Topical Solutions of Tavaborole or Efinaconazole. (2016)

Daily dropper application of tavaborole to ex vivo polished nails did not alter polish appearance. Brush application of efinaconazole produced visible changes in polish appearance and color transfer to applicators, paper, and remaining solution. Tavaborole topical solution, 5% may not alter nail polish appearance; the impact of nail polish on tavaborole clinical efficacy has not been evaluated.
Immunodominant epitopes of the adhesin of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (1990)

Overlapping octapeptides from the amino acid sequence of the adherence protein of Mycoplasma pneumoniae were synthesized and used as the antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with serum samples from M. pneumoniae-infected patients. Of a sequence of 338 amino acids positioned between leucine 801 and leucine 1139, only two regions with immunodominant continuous epitopes were detected. The immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M antibodies of child and adult patients reacted especially with the NH2-(810)-W-I-G-N-G-Y-R-Y peptide but also reacted with the NH2-(1124)-F-T-D-F-V-K-P-R peptide.
Lipid-coated hydrogel shapes as components of electrical circuits and mechanical devices (2012)

Recently, two-dimensional networks of aqueous droplets separated by lipid bilayers, with engineered protein pores as functional elements, were used to construct millimeter-sized devices such as a light sensor, a battery, and half- and full-wave rectifiers. Here, for the first time, we show that hydrogel shapes, coated with lipid monolayers, can be used as building blocks for such networks, yielding scalable electrical circuits and mechanical devices. Examples include a mechanical switch, a rotor driven by a magnetic field and painted circuits, analogous to printed circuit boards, made with centimeter-length agarose wires. Bottom-up fabrication with lipid-coated hydrogel shapes is therefore a useful step towards the synthetic biology of functional devices including minimal tissues.
The carboxyl terminus of nerve growth factor is required for biological activity. (1993)

A series of mouse nerve growth factor (NGF) deletion mutants have been constructed using in vitro mutagenesis to define domains of the protein essential for its activity. Deletions of the amino or carboxyl termini of mature NGF or of an internal domain, which normally produces a surface-exposed reverse turn, have been analyzed. Mutants with deletions in the amino terminus or in the reverse turn retain significant biological activity, whereas, in contrast, a mutant NGF lacking the seven most carboxyl-terminal amino acids is appropriately synthesized but shows no measurable biological activity. These results suggests that the flexible carboxyl tail of NGF, and perhaps other neurotrophins, plays a crucial role in mediating receptor recognition and/or ligand binding.