gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Androgen receptors in prostate cancer (1996)

Introduction Prostate cancer constitutes a major health issue in Western countries where it is now the most frequently diagnosed invasive tumour and second leading cause of cancer deaths (Wingo et al. 1995). Androgen action in prostate cancers, as in the normal prostate gland and other target organs, is mediated by the androgen receptor (AR), a ligand-activated nuclear transcription factor that is a member of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor gene superfamily (O'Malley 1990, Truss & Beato 1993). Although the human AR has only recently been cloned (Chang et al. 1988, Lubahn et al. 1988, Trapman et al. 1988, Tilley et al. 1989), specific actions of androgens on the growth, differentiation and function of the prostate gland were elucidated early this century. In 1941, Huggins and Hodges demonstrated that, similar to non-malignant prostate, prostate cancers were androgen-responsive and that tumour regression was evident following removal of testicular androgens by castration. More than
New Underbalanced Perforating Technique Increases Completion Efficiency and Eliminates Costly Acid Stimulation (2002)

Abstract Cased and cemented horizontal wells in the East Painter field in Wyoming have historically been perforated with modest underbalance pressures of 300 to 600 psi and then acid-stimulated to achieve economical production rates. The moderate success rate and expensive acid stimulations provided the motivation to evaluate other options for obtaining cleaner perforations. Conventional perforation-design techniques suggested that an underbalance of about 4000psi is needed to produce clean perforations for the low-permeability rock in this field. This would require a low wellbore pressure. An alternative is to use the PURE* (Perforating for Ultimate Reservoir Exploitation) system to create a high dynamic underbalance from a modest initial under or over balance. Two laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate these alternatives. The knowledge gained from these and other laboratory tests was used to modify the perforating techniques in the East Painter field to increase well production. Perforating gun design was changed, and the perforating process was modified to provide a substantial dynamic underbalance with only a modest initial underbalance. This new dynamic underbalance concept provides transient underbalances up to about 80 percent of the reservoir pressure without applying the equivalent static initial underbalance. This technique increased well performance, and eliminated the costly acid stimulation step by generating cleaner perforations and higher effective shot density. In this paper, details of the gun modifications and perforating process will be described along with specific well-performance data. Comparisons to previous perforating practices are also included.
Functional analysis of the gene encoding immunity to lactacin F, lafI, and its use as a Lactobacillus-specific, food-grade genetic marker (1996)

Lactacin F is a two-component class II bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus johnsonii VPI 11088. The laf operon is composed of the bacteriocin structural genes, lafA and lafX, and a third open reading frame, ORFZ. Two strategies were employed to study the function of ORFZ. This gene was disrupted in the chromosome of NCK64, a lafA729 lafX ORFZ derivative of VPI 11088. A disruption cassette consisting of ORFZ interrupted with a cat gene was cloned into pSA3 and introduced into NCK64. Manipulation of growth temperatures and antibiotic selection resulted in homologous recombination which disrupted the chromosomal copy of ORFZ with the cat gene. This ORFZ mutation resulted in loss of immunity to lactacin F but had little effect on production of LafX, which is not bactericidal without LafA. Expression of ORFZ in this ORFZ- background rescued the immune phenotype. Expression of ORFZ in a bacteriocin-sensitive derivative of VPI 11088 also reestablished immunity. These data indicate that ORFZ, renamed lafI, encodes the immunity factor for the lactacin F system. The sensitivity of various Lactobacillus strains to lactacin F was further evaluated. Lactacin F inhibited 11 strains including several members of the A1, A2, A3, A4, B1, and B2 L. acidophilus homology groups. Expression of lafI in bacteriocin-sensitive strains L. acidophilus ATCC 4356, L. acidophilus NCFM/N2, L. fermentum NCDO1750, L. gasseri ATCC 33323, and L. johnsonii ATCC 33200 provided immunity to lactacin F. Furthermore, it was shown that lactacin F production by VPI 11088 could be used to select for L. fermentum NCDO1750 transformants containing the recombinant plasmid encoding LafI. The data demonstrate that lafI is functional in heterologous hosts, suggesting that it may be a suitable food-grade genetic marker for use in lactobacillus species.
British Journal of Surgery on CD-Rom (1997)

The British Journal of Surgery is committed to investigating the various available forms of electronic publishing and already has its own dedicated web site o n the Internet
Silver nanoparticles fabricated in Hepes buffer exhibit cytoprotective activities toward HIV-1 infected cells (2005)

Silver nanoparticles fabricated in Hepes buffer exhibit potent cytoprotective and post-infected anti-HIV-1 activities toward Hut/CCR5 cells.
Matrix metalloproteinase-10 promotes tumor progression through regulation of angiogenic and apoptotic pathways in cervical tumors (2014)

Taken together, our findings show that MMP-10 can play a significant role in tumor growth and progression, and that MMP-10 perturbation may represent a rational strategy for cancer treatment.
Comparative study on wavelet transform and traditional image processing (2010)

Wavelet technology is applied to direct the traffic of Olympic Games to locate and identify various vehicles. License plate recognition algorithm is always on the basis of Fourier transform theory. However, when expressing signal through Fourier, all frequencies it contains can be determined but when they appear cannot be determined. Apply wavelet transform theory to the whole process of license plate recognition, and give a comparison between wavelet and Fourier transform after a deep research on the theory of wavelet for the further applications in solving the anti-jamming problems of license plate recognition.
Complete Cysteine-scanning Mutagenesis and Site-directed Chemical Modification of the Tn10-encoded Metal-Tetracycline/H+ Antiporter (2001)

Bacterial Tn10-encoded metal-tetracycline/H(+) antiporter was the first found drug exporter and has been studied as a paradigm of antiporter-type major facilitator superfamily transporters. Here the 400 amino acid residues of this protein were individually replaced by cysteine except for the initial methionine. As a result, we could obtain a complete map of the functionally or structurally important residues. In addition, we could determine the precise boundaries of all the transmembrane segments on the basis of the reactivity with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). The NEM binding results indicated the presence of a transmembrane water-filled channel in the transporter. The twelve transmembrane segments can be divided into three groups; four are totally embedded in the hydrophobic interior, four face a putative water-filled channel along their full length, and the remaining four face the channel for half their length, the other halves being embedded in the hydrophobic interior. These three types of transmembrane segments are mutually arranged with a 4-fold symmetry. The competitive binding of membrane-permeable and -impermeable SH reagents in intact cells indicates that the transmembrane water-filled channel has a thin barrier against hydrophilic molecules in the middle of the transmembrane region. Inhibition and stimulation of NEM binding in the presence of tetracycline reflects the substrate-induced protection or conformational change of the Tn10-encoded metal-tetracycline/H(+) antiporter. The mutations protected from NEM binding by tetracycline were mainly located around the permeability barrier in the N-terminal half, suggesting the location of the substrate binding site.
Modulation of Adenovirus Vector Tropism via Incorporation of Polypeptide Ligands into the Fiber Protein (2002)

The efficacy of adenovirus (Ad)-based gene therapy might be significantly improved if viral vectors capable of tissue-specific gene delivery could be developed. Previous attempts to genetically modify the tropism of Ad vectors have been only partially successful, largely due to the limited repertoire of ligands that can be incorporated into the Ad capsid. Early studies identified stringent size limitations imposed by the structure of the Ad fiber protein on ligands incorporated into its carboxy terminus and thus limited the range of potential ligand candidates to short peptides. We have previously identified the HI loop of the fiber knob domain as a preferred site for the incorporation of targeting ligands and hypothesized that the structural properties of this loop would allow for the insertion of a wide variety of ligands, including large polypeptide molecules. In the present study we have tested this hypothesis by deriving a family of Ad vectors whose fibers contain polypeptide inserts of incrementally increasing lengths. By assessing the levels of productivity and infectivity and the receptor specificities of the resultant viruses, we show that polypeptide sequences exceeding by 50% the size of the knob domain can be incorporated into the fiber with only marginal negative consequences on these key properties of the vectors. Our study has also revealed a negative correlation between the size of the ligand used for vector modification and the infectivity and yield of the resultant virus, thereby predicting the limits beyond which further enlargement of the fiber knob would not be compatible with the virion's integrity.
Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (2001)

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model for multiple sclerosis, can be induced by immunization with a number of myelin antigens. In particular, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, a central nervous system (CNS)-specific antigen expressed on the myelin surface, is able to induce a paralytic MS-like disease with extensive CNS inflammation and demyelination in several strains of animals. Although not well understood, the egress of immune cells into the CNS in EAE is governed by a complex interplay between pro and antiinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The hematopoietic growth factor, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), is considered to play a central role in maintaining chronic inflammation. The present study was designed to investigate the previously unexplored role of GM-CSF in autoimmune-mediated demyelination. GM-CSF(-/)- mice are resistant to EAE, display decreased antigen-specific proliferation of splenocytes, and fail to sustain immune cell infiltrates in the CNS, thus revealing key activities for GM-CSF in the development of inflammatory demyelinating lesions and control of migration and/or proliferation of leukocytes within the CNS. These results hold implications for the pathogenesis of inflammatory and demyelinating diseases and may provide the basis for more effective therapies for inflammatory diseases, and more specifically for multiple sclerosis.
Mucopolysaccharides of whole human spleens in generalized amyloidosis. (1966)

Amyloidosis is a morphological concept (2) the diagnosis of which has been based on histo- logical critera (3)."Primary" and "secondary" amyloidosis and the forms of amyloidosis seen in conjunction with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) and myeloma are all grouped under one name because of morphological similarities, although it is not certain that they represent a single disease.Electron microscopy has, however, revealed characteristic fibrils in all forms of amy- loidosis (4-6).Some of the stains that are taken up by amyloid material suggest that it may con- tain mucopolysaccharides (MPS) (7).Never- theless, chemical investigations have not previously shown any marked increase in extractable metachromatic material (8) nor in uronic acid (9) or sulfate-containing compounds (10), al- though heparan sulfate has been isolated from a few amyloid-bearing organs (11,12).The pur- pose of the present study was a systematic chemical investigation of the MPS in an extended se- ries of cases and controls that has not hitherto been carried out. MethodsTwenty patients with primary and secondary amyloidosis were collected, including one after myeloma and one after FMF.Table I gives some clinical findings and the distribution of amyloid in the spleens.The degree of in- filtration was assessed arbitrarily as follows: + = par- tial, ++ = subtotal, and +++ = total replacement by amyloid.The kidneys were also infiltrated with amyloid *
Characterization of a Side Population of Cancer Cells from Human Gastrointestinal System (2005)

A subset of stem cells, termed "side population" (SP) cells, has been identified and characterized in several mammalian tissues and cell lines. However, SP cells have never been identified or isolated from gastrointestinal cancers. We used flow cytometry and the DNA-binding dye Hoechst 33342 to isolate SP cells from various human gastrointestinal system cancer cell lines. Fifteen of sixteen cancer cell lines from the gastrointestinal system contained 0.3%-2.2% SP cells. Next, we used an oligonucleotide microarray to analyze differentially expressed genes between SP and non-SP cells of hepatoma HuH7. The expression of GATA6, which is associated with embryonic development and hepatocytic differentiation, was significantly upregulated in HuH7 SP cells. The expression of ABCG2, ABCB1, and CEACAM6, which are associated with chemoresistance, was also significantly increased in SP cells. In addition, some epithelial markers and mesenchymal markers were overexpressed in SP cells. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemical staining validated these results and suggested a multilineage potential for HuH7 SP cells. In hepatoma HuH7 and colorectal SW480 cell lines, SP cells showed evidence for self-renewal, generating both SP and non-SP cells. Finally, chemoresistance to anticancer agents, including doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, and gemcitabine, were compared between HuH7 SP and non-SP cells using an ATP bioluminescence assay. The HuH7 SP cells expressed a higher resistance to doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, and gemcitabine compared with non-SP cells. These findings demonstrate that cancers of the gastrointestinal system do contain SP cells that show some characteristics of so-called stem cells.
Transition-state characterization: a new approach combining inhibitor analogs and variation in enzyme structure (1992)

A new strategy of potentially broad application for probing transition-state (TS) analogy in enzymatic systems is described in this paper. The degree to which a series of phosphonate inhibitors act as TS analogues of rat carboxypeptidase A1 has been determined for the wild-type enzyme, for the R127K, R127M, and R127A mutants, and for the R127A mutant in the presence of 0.5 M guanidine hydrochloride. The impact that the mutations have on the inverse second-order rate constants (Km/kcat) for substrate hydrolysis is mirrored by the effect on the inhibition constants (Ki) for the corresponding phosphonate inhibitors. These results demonstrate that the phosphonate moiety mimics some of the electronic as well as the geometric characteristics of the TS. A similar but distinctly separate correlation is observed for tripeptide analogues in comparison to analogues of the dipeptide Cbz-Gly-Phe, reflecting an anomalous mode of binding for the latter system. The selective rate increases and corresponding enhancement in inhibitor binding observed on addition of 0.5 M guanidine hydrochloride to the R127A mutant indicate that the exogenous cation can assume the role played by Arg-127 in stabilizing the TS and in providing substrate selectivity at the P2 position.
Effect of active immunization against luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone on the androgen-sensitive Dunning R3327-PAP and androgen-independent Dunning R3327-AT2.1 prostate cancer sublines (1997)

We herein demonstrate that 1) active immunization with an LHRH-diphtheria toxoid-conjugate (LHRH-DT) leads to the downregulation of gonadotropins and testosterone and consequently the atrophy of testosterone-dependent organs such as the testes, prostate, and androgen-sensitive Dunning R3327-PAP tumors, 2) growth inhibition of Dunning R3327-PAP tumors is caused by suppression of cell division rather than by an increase in cell death and is associated with an increase of the tumor stroma content, and 3) volume increase of the androgen-independent Dunning R3327-AT2.1 tumor is slightly but significantly reduced, indicating a local stimulatory LHRH loop within this tumor cell line.
Monovalency Unleashes the Full Therapeutic Potential of the DN-30 Anti-Met Antibody (2010)

Met, the high affinity receptor for hepatocyte growth factor, is one of the most frequently activated tyrosine kinases in human cancer and a validated target for cancer therapy. We previously developed a mouse monoclonal antibody directed against the extracellular portion of Met (DN-30) that induces Met proteolytic cleavage (receptor "shedding") followed by proteasome-mediated receptor degradation. This translates into inhibition of hepatocyte growth factor/Met-mediated biological activities. However, DN-30 binding to Met also results in partial activation of the Met kinase due to antibody-mediated receptor homodimerization. To safely harness the therapeutic potential of DN-30, its shedding activity must be disassociated from its agonistic activity. Here we show that the DN-30 Fab fragment maintains high affinity Met binding, elicits efficient receptor shedding and down-regulation, and does not promote kinase activation. In Met-addicted tumor cell lines, DN-30 Fab displays potent cytostatic and cytotoxic activity in a dose-dependent fashion. DN-30 Fab also inhibits anchorage-independent growth of several tumor cell lines. In mouse tumorigenesis assays using Met-addicted carcinoma cells, intratumor administration of DN-30 Fab or systemic delivery of a chemically stabilized form of the same molecule results in reduction of Met phosphorylation and inhibition of tumor growth. These data provide proof of concept that monovalency unleashes the full therapeutic potential of the DN-30 antibody and point at DN-30 Fab as a promising tool for Met-targeted therapy.
The Drosophila segment polarity gene patched is involved in a position-signalling mechanism in imaginal discs (1990)

We demonstrate the role of the segment polarity gene patched (ptc) in patterning in the cuticle of the adult fly. Genetic mosaics of a lethal allele of patched show that the contribution of patched varies in a position-specific manner, defining three regions in the wing where ptc clones, respectively, behave as wild-type cells, affect vein formation, or are rarely recovered. Analysis of twin clones demonstrates that the reduced clone frequency results from a proliferation failure or cell loss. In the region where clones upset venation, they autonomously fail to form veins and also non-autonomously induce ectopic veins in adjacent wild-type cells. In heteroallelic combinations with lethal alleles, two viable alleles produce distinct phenotypes: (1) loss of structures and mirror-image duplications in the region where patched clones fail to proliferate; (2) vein abnormalities in the anterior compartment. We propose that these differences reflect independently mutable functions within the gene. We show the pattern of patched transcription in the developing imaginal wing disc in relation to the expression of certain other reporter genes using a novel double-labelling method combining non-radioactive detection of in situ hybridization with beta-galactosidase detection. The patched transcript is present throughout the anterior compartment, with a stripe of maximal intensity along the A/P compartment border extending into the posterior compartment. We propose that the patched product is a component of a cell-to-cell position-signalling mechanism, a proposal consistent with the predicted structure of the patched protein.
Phenacyl-directed alkylation of imidazoles: a new regiospecific synthesis of 3-substituted L-histidines (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhenacyl-directed alkylation of imidazoles: a new regiospecific synthesis of 3-substituted L-histidinesCleo J. Chivikas and John C. HodgesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 16, 3591–3594Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00392a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00392a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views797Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis, properties, and biodegradation of poly(1,3-trimethylene carbonate) (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis, properties, and biodegradation of poly(1,3-trimethylene carbonate)K. J. Zhu, R. W. Hendren, K. Jensen, and C. G. PittCite this: Macromolecules 1991, 24, 8, 1736–1740Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00008a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00008a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3443Altmetric-Citations452LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts