gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Phenylalanine and Analogues of Methionine and Phenylalanine on the Composition of Wool and Mouse Hair (1985)

Administration of the methionine analogue methoxinine (O-methyl-DL-homoserine) to sheep substantially changed the composition of wool; in addition wool fibres were weakened and the staple crimp frequency was reduced for a prolonged period. The proportions of high-tyrosine proteins were reduced by 40-45% whereas the high-sulfur proteins were usually slightly increased. The content of high-tyrosine proteins in wool was still depressed in most sheep 70 days after dosing with methoxinine. These experiments supported a previous finding that the cystine content of wool and its crimp frequency are not causally related. Ethionine, another methionine analogue, did not consistently change the composition of wool. In some sheep there was no change in the proportions of high-tyrosine proteins following administration of ethionine, even though weak wool was produced. This result, together with the lack of association between the content of high-tyrosine proteins and the strength of wool fibres in a sheep given methoxinine plus methionine, indicates that a reduction of the high-tyrosine proteins is not a prerequisite for the production of weak wool. Neither a threefold increase in the phenylalanine intake by mice nor the administration of three analogues of phenylalanine (4-fluoro-DL-phenylalanine, 4-chloro-DL-phenylalanine and beta-(2-thienyl)-DL-alanine) to sheep altered the composition of hair or wool. Fluorophenylalanine was incorporated into all the constituent proteins of wool to the extent of c. 2% of phenylalanine residues. The other analogues studied could not be detected in wool.
Cytokines and cytokine network in silicosis and coal workers' pneumoconiosis (1995)

The alveolar macrophage (AM) is a critically important cell playing a prominent role in lung inflammation via the production of oxygen radicals, enzymes, arachidonic acid metabolites, and also a large panel of cytokines. Among interstitial lung disorders, silicosis and coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) are the most widespread fibrotic lung diseases. Although their pathophysiology remains incompletely understood, several lines of evidence suggest the participation of cytokines produced by AMs at least in the initiation of the alveolitis. In vitro exposure of AMs (obtained from healthy subjects) to coal dust particles triggered a significant release of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6, by comparison with titanium dioxide used as a biologically inert control dust. Moreover, it appeared that coal mine dust was more aggressive than similar concentrations of pure silica, suggesting that cytokine secretion induced by coal mine dust was not exclusively related to the presence of silica but resulted from a complex interaction between the different components. In silicosis and CWP, bronchoalveolar lavage showed a large influx of mononuclear phagocytes, with an increased spontaneous production of oxidants, fibronectin, neutrophil chemotactic factor, and also of interleukin-6 and TNF-alpha. This spontaneous cytokine release was associated with an increased cytokine messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression in the lungs of coal miners.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Bone Healing and Bone Substitutes (2002)

With the advent of new biomaterials and surgical techniques, the reconstructive surgeon has a wider range of treatment modalities for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of craniofacial skeletal deformities than ever before. These innovative substances act as true bone graft substitutes, thereby allowing the surgeon to avoid the use of autogenous bone grafts and their associated donor site morbidity. Surgeons have long been interested in producing a composite graft that can heal faster by induction, incorporate with surrounding tissues, and be remodeled to resemble native bone. Currently, there are a host of bone graft substitutes available that vary in both their composition and properties. Craniomaxillofacial surgeons must therefore become comfortable with numerous biomaterials to best tailor the treatment for each patient individually. Ongoing investigations into the next phase of tissue engineering will continue to bring us closer to the ability to regenerate or replace bone.
Identifying Relations for Open Information Extraction (2011)

Open Information Extraction (IE) is the task of extracting assertions from massive corpora without requiring a pre-specified vocabulary. This paper shows that the output of state-ofthe-art Open IE systems is rife with uninformative and incoherent extractions. To overcome these problems, we introduce two simple syntactic and lexical constraints on binary relations expressed by verbs. We implemented the constraints in the REVERB Open IE system, which more than doubles the area under the precision-recall curve relative to previous extractors such as TEXTRUNNER and WOE pos. More than 30 % of REVERB’s extractions are at precision 0.8 or higher— compared to virtually none for earlier systems. The paper concludes with a detailed analysis of REVERB’s errors, suggesting directions for future work. 1 1
Production of cytokines by mouse B cells: B lymphomas and normal B cells produce interleukin 10 (1990)

We have examined a panel of murine Ly-1+ B lymphomas and purified normal murine peritoneal B cells separated into subsets on the basis of expression of the Ly-1 surface antigen, for their ability to produce cytokines. Where possible, we have used a combination of cytokine detection methods in order to compensate for differences in sensitivity and specificity, and the possibility of inhibitors masking an activity. All the lymphomas tested were shown to constitutively express TGF-beta and CSIF/IL-10. In addition, varying levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha and TNF-beta, and G-CSF, were demonstrable in most of the lymphomas, and variants of one lymphoma (CH12) additionally produced varying levels of IL-3, IL-4, and GM-CSF. FACS purified normal Ly-1+ and Ly-1- peritoneal B cells, were also shown to express RNA encoding CSIF/IL-10, IL-6, TNF-alpha and TNF-beta, and very low levels of G-CSF, following stimulation with LPS. These data were supported by the detection of IL-6 and CSIF/IL-10 in supernatants from LPS-stimulated Ly-1+ and Ly-1- B cells using specific immunoassays. None of the lymphomas or B cell preparations produced IL-1 alpha, IL-2, IL-5, IL-7, or IFN-gamma. The purity of our normal B cell populations was assessed by phenotypic analysis on the FACS and also by the disappearance of certain mRNA transcripts after purification, e.g. CD4, c-fms, GM-CSF, and IFN-gamma, most of which could be detected in LPS-stimulated total peritoneal cell populations. This suggested that our B cell purification method had reduced, to a level undetectable in our assays, contaminating T cells (CD4), macrophages (c-fms, GM-CSF), and NK cells (IFN-gamma). Absence of IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, and GM-CSF expression by LPS-stimulated Ly-1+ and Ly-1- B cells reduced the concern that contaminating peritoneal mast cells could account for the observed cytokine production. We therefore believe our data provide strong support for production of a subset of cytokines by LPS-stimulated normal B cells. Both the Ly-1+ B lymphomas and normal Ly-1+ and Ly-1- B cells appear capable of expressing IL-6, TNF-alpha, TNF-beta, and CSIF/IL-10.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
FTY720 increases CD74 expression and sensitizes mantle cell lymphoma cells to milatuzumab-mediated cell death (2011)

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive B-cell malignancy with a short median survival despite multimodal therapy. FTY720, an immunosuppressive drug approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, promotes MCL cell death concurrent with down-modulation of phospho-Akt and cyclin D1 and subsequent cell-cycle arrest. However, the mechanism of FTY720-mediated MCL cell death remains to be fully clarified. In the present study, we show features of autophagy blockage by FTY720 treatment, including accumulation of autolysosomes and increased LC3-II and p62 levels. We also show that FTY720-induced cell death is mediated by lysosomal membrane permeabilization with subsequent translocation of lysosomal hydrolases to the cytosol. FTY720-mediated disruption of the autophagic-lysosomal pathway led to increased levels of CD74, a potential therapeutic target in MCL that is degraded in the lysosomal compartment. This finding provided rationale for examining combination therapy with FTY720 and milatuzumab, an anti-CD74 mAb. Treatment of MCL cell lines and primary tumor cells with FTY720 and milatuzumab resulted in statistically significant enhanced cell death, which was synergistic in blastic variant MCL cell lines. Significant in vivo therapeutic activity of combination treatment was also demonstrated in a preclinical, in vivo model of MCL. These findings support clinical evaluation of this combination in patients with MCL.
Pulmonary CCL18 Recruits Human Regulatory T Cells (2012)

CCL18 is both a constitutively expressed and an inducible chemokine, whose role in the inflammatory reaction is poorly known. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether CCL18 has the capacity to attract human T cells with a regulatory function (regulatory T cells [Treg]). Results from chemotaxis assays performed on different types of Treg showed that CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(low) cells, but neither T regulatory type 1 clones nor Treg differentiated in vitro with anti-CD3/CD46 mAbs, were recruited by CCL18 in a dose-dependent manner. CCL18-recruited memory CD4(+) T cells were enriched in CD25(high), CD25(+)CD127(low), latency-associated peptide/TGF-β1, and CCR4-expressing T cells, whereas there was no enrichment in Foxp3(+) cells as compared with controls. Stimulated CCL18-recruited memory T cells produced significantly increased amounts of the regulatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β1, as well as IL-4, but not IFN-γ and IL-17. Cell surface CCL18 binding was found predominantly on IL-10(+) (26.3 ± 5.8%) and on a few latency-associated peptide/TGF-β1(+) (18.1 ± 1.9%) and IL-4(+) (14.5 ± 2.9%) memory T cells. In an in vivo model of SCID mice grafted with human skin and reconstituted with autologous PBMCs, the intradermal injection of CCL18 led to the cutaneous recruitment of CD4(+), CD25(+), and IL-10(+) cells, but not Foxp3(+) cells. Furthermore, CCL18-recruited memory T cells inhibited the proliferation of CD4(+)CD25(-) effector T cells through an IL-10-dependent mechanism. These data suggest that CCL18 may contribute to maintaining tolerance and/or suppressing deleterious inflammation by attracting memory Tregs into tissues, particularly in the lung, where it is highly and constitutively expressed.
2-Phospha[3]ferrocenophanes with Planar Chirality: Synthesis and Use in Enantioselective Organocatalytic [3 + 2] Cyclizations (2008)

Planar chiral phosphines displaying a new ferrocenophane scaffold have been prepared via a stereoselective approach. The P-cyclohexyl substituted phosphine affords high levels of asymmetric induction in the organocatalytic [3 + 2] annulation reaction between allenes and electron-poor olefins.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF POLAR OLEFINS WITH METHYLDICHLOROSILANE ON NICKEL‐CONTAINING CATALYTIC SYSTEMS (1980)

Abstract Aus Vinylacetat (I) und dem Mezthyldichlorsilan (II) in Molverhältnis l:l,5 erhält man mit dem angegebenen Katalysatorsystem die Verbindung (III).
Constructing multiple test procedures for partially ordered hypothesis sets (2007)

A popular method to control multiplicity in confirmatory clinical trials is to use a so-called hierarchical, or fixed sequence, test procedure. This requires that the null hypotheses are ordered a priori, for example, in order of clinical importance. The procedure tests the hypotheses in this order using alpha-level tests until one is not rejected. It then stops, so that no subsequent hypotheses are eligible for rejection. This procedure strongly controls the familywise error rate (FWE), that is to say, the probability that any true hypotheses are rejected. This paper describes a simple generalization of this approach in which the null hypotheses are partially ordered. It is convenient to display the partial ordering in a directed acyclic graph (DAG). We consider sequentially rejective procedures based on the partial ordering, in which a hypothesis is tested only when all preceding hypotheses have been tested and rejected. In general such procedures do not control the FWE, but it is shown that when certain intersection hypotheses are added, strong control of the FWE is obtained. The purpose of the method is to construct inference strategies for confirmatory clinical trials that better reflect the trial objectives.
Coda: a highly available file system for a distributed workstation environment (2003)

A description is given of Coda, a file system for a large-scale distributed computing environment composed of Unix workstations. It provides resilience to server and network failures through the use of two distinct but complementary mechanisms. One mechanism, server replication, involves storing copies of a file at multiple servers. The other mechanism, disconnected operation, is a mode of execution in which a caching site temporarily assumes the role of a replication site. Disconnected operation is particularly useful for supporting portable workstations. The design of Coda optimizes availability and performance and provides the highest degree of consistency attainable. Measurements from a prototype show that the performance cost of providing high availability in Coda is reasonable.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Indoor positioning system using geomagnetic anomalies for smartphones (2012)

In this paper, we propose an indoor positioning system using smartphones. To localize the position of target that is pedestrian in usual indoors, we make use of perturbations of the geomagnetic field caused by structural steel elements in a building. The system based on magnetic field does not need any physical infrastructure, so it is possible to be realized with low cost. To estimate the target's position using the geomagnetic anomaly, the proposed system measures the magnetic field on its own position using a magnetometer embedded in smartphones and compares the sensor measurement with the magnetic map that has been created for the building in advance. The estimated position is calculated by a stochastic system based on the particle filter. To calculate control inputs for the particle filter, such as moving distance and direction, we exploit the inertial measurement unit (IMU) that is composed of 3-axis accelerometer and gyroscope built in the smartphone. The experimental results show that accuracy is within 3 meter. These results imply the potential to track people in the buildings that have geomagnetic map in advance at the meter scale using only smartphone with embedded sensors.
Use of FFPE-derived DNA in next generation sequencing: DNA extraction methods (2019)

Archival tissues represent a rich resource for clinical genomic studies, particularly when coupled with comprehensive medical records. Use of these in next generation sequencing (NGS) is a priority. Nine formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) DNA extraction methods were evaluated using twelve FFPE samples of varying tissue types. Quality assessment included total yield, percent dsDNA, fragment analysis and multiplex PCR. After assessment, three tissue types from four FFPE DNA methods were selected for NGS downstream evaluation, targeted and whole exome sequencing. In addition, two low input library protocols were evaluated for WES. Analysis revealed average coverage across the target regions for WES was ~20-30X for all four FFPE DNA extraction methods. For the targeted panels, the highest molecular tag coverage was obtained with the Kingfisher FFPE extraction method. The genotype concordance was 99% for the commonly called variant positions between all four extraction methods with the targeted PCR NGS panel and 96% with WES. Assessing quality of extracted DNA aids in selecting the optimal NGS approach, and the choice of both DNA extraction and library preparation approaches can impact the performance of archival tissue in NGS.
THE IMPORTANCE OF ANXIETY IN BOTH MAJOR DEPRESSION AND BIPOLAR DISORDER (2012)

Anxious phenomena should be assessed whenever a depressive disorder is diagnosed. It is likely that the raised expectancy of anxious phenomena is related to an individual's premorbid level of negative affect, and it is possible that suicidal phenomena are related to subthreshold hypomanic symptoms.
The NOX Family of ROS-Generating NADPH Oxidases: Physiology and Pathophysiology (2007)

For a long time, superoxide generation by an NADPH oxidase was considered as an oddity only found in professional phagocytes. Over the last years, six homologs of the cytochrome subunit of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase were found: NOX1, NOX3, NOX4, NOX5, DUOX1, and DUOX2. Together with the phagocyte NADPH oxidase itself (NOX2/gp91(phox)), the homologs are now referred to as the NOX family of NADPH oxidases. These enzymes share the capacity to transport electrons across the plasma membrane and to generate superoxide and other downstream reactive oxygen species (ROS). Activation mechanisms and tissue distribution of the different members of the family are markedly different. The physiological functions of NOX family enzymes include host defense, posttranlational processing of proteins, cellular signaling, regulation of gene expression, and cell differentiation. NOX enzymes also contribute to a wide range of pathological processes. NOX deficiency may lead to immunosuppresion, lack of otoconogenesis, or hypothyroidism. Increased NOX activity also contributes to a large number or pathologies, in particular cardiovascular diseases and neurodegeneration. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of the functions of NOX enzymes in physiology and pathology.
The purification, composition, and specificity of the anti-T lectin from peanut (Arachis hypogaea). (1975)

Peanut agglutinin was purified by affinity chromatography on Sepharose-epsilon-aminocaproyl-beta-D-galactopyranosylamine. The purified lectin obtained in a yield of 150 mg/100 g of defatted peanut was homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, ultracentrifugation, and gel filtration. This intrinsic sedimentation coefficient (So20,w) and the intrinsic diffusion coefficient (Do20,w) were estimated at pH 7.4 as 5.7 +/- 0.1 S and 5.0 X 10(-7) cm2s(-1), respectively. The molecular weight of the agglutinin, determined by sedimentation and diffusion and by gel filtration, was found to be 110,000. Disc gel electrophoresis and gel filtration, both in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, gave a single component of Mr = 27,500 suggesting that the lectin is a tetramer composed of four subunits. Four alanine residues per 110,000 g were found by NH2-terminal analysis and the sequence of the five NH2-terminal amino acids was: ALa-Glu-Ser-Val-Thr. Each cycle in a sequenator gave a single amino acid, suggesting that the four subunits are identical. Peanut agglutinin does not contain covalently bound sugar; it is devoid of cysteine and cystine, low in methionine, histidine, and tryptophan, but rich in acidic and hydroxyamino acids. The lectin agglutinated erthrocytes of human ABO blood types equally well, but only after they have been treated with neuraminidase. Of the monosaccharides tested for inhibition of hemagglutination only D-galactose and alpha- and beta-D-galactosides were active. High inhibitory activity was found with the Discaccharide DGalbeta(1 in equilibrium 3)DGalNAc and with the disialylated glycoproteins: alpha1-acid glycoprotein, fetuin, glycophorin, and human blood group NN or MM antigen. These desialylated glycoproteins also reacted with the lectin to form precipitin bands in Ouchterlony double diffusion in agar.
Fluorescent histochemical localisation of quinacrine-positive neurones in the guinea-pig and rabbit atrium (1982)

Quinacrine-fluorescent nerve fibres and nerve cell bodies are described in the right and left atria of the guinea-pig and rabbit. The nerve cells (20 to 35 micrometers in diameter) are found predominantly in the right atrium in both species. The nerve fibres are varicose and innervate both the muscle and many blood vessels. The quinacrine fluorescent neural structures are unaffected by chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine. The distribution of quinacrine-positive nerve fibres and cell bodies are compared to the distribution of adrenergic and acetylcholinesterase-positive nerves in the atrium of both species. Quinacrine fluorescence appears to be selective for non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic nerves and the possibility that it is binding to high contents of ATP discussed.
CD4+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells control effector T cell responses to murine cytomegalovirus (VIR10P.1169) (2015)

Abstract Human cytomegalovirus causes a persistent, lifelong infection. The virus persists in a latent state and undergoes intermittent subclinical viral reactivation. Such reactivation drives the accumulation of “inflationary” T cells that suppress viral replication. While T cells are critical to maintain control of infection, the factors that prevent T cells from driving complete viral elimination remain unclear. Here, we investigated the role of regulatory T cells (Treg) in a mouse model of persistent CMV infection using FoxP3-diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) mice. FoxP3-DTR mice were infected with murine CMV (MCMV) and then Treg were depleted via administration of DT several months later. Treg depletion resulted in a dramatic increase in the numbers of MCMV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells in the spleen which functionally, produced significantly higher levels of IFN-γ and IL-2. Strikingly, Treg depletion led to a significant decrease in splenic viral load. We are initiating experiments using a spleen viral reactivation assay, to determine the effect of Treg depletion on latent virus. Combined, these data suggest that Treg promote persistent MCMV infection, in part, by suppressing T cell activation.
Humoral Immune Responses in Volunteers Immunized with Irradiated Plasmodium falciparum Sporozoites (1993)

Volunteers immunized with gamma-irradiated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites serve as the gold standard for protective immunity against mosquito-borne malaria transmission and provide a relevant model for studying protective immune effector mechanisms. During a 7-12 month period, we immunized four volunteers via the bites of irradiated, infected mosquitoes. Following these exposures to attenuated sporozoites, all four volunteers developed antibodies to sporozoites as measured by an immunofluorescence assay and by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the circumsporozoite (CS) protein repeat-based molecule R32LR as capture antigen. Three volunteers also developed antibodies against the nonrepeating (flanking) regions of the CS protein; the level of these antibodies paralleled the serum activity to inhibit sporozoite invasion of hepatoma cells in vitro. These three volunteers were protected against malaria transmitted by the bites of five infected mosquitoes. Two of these protected volunteers received additional immunizing doses of irradiated sporozoites and were subsequently protected against challenge with a heterologous P. falciparum clone. No detectable fluctuations were observed in circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor, interferon-gamma, or interleukin-6 during the course of this study. Analysis of the humoral and cellular immune responses of these protected volunteers is expected to yield important clues to additional targets of immunity against the pre-erythrocytic stages of malaria parasites.