gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Architecture library web pages: The instruction dimension (2001)

Before getting into the “Instruction Dimension” let’s start with a brief timeline to provide some context. I have been working on my Internet Guide to Architecture and Building for many years now: since 1992 at least, since the time of gophers, and other arcane applications I can barely remember like archie and veronica. It wasn’t until 1995, five years ago, that I started an architecture library home page, with a guide to researching architects that included print and net sources and of course with the Internet Guide to Architecture and Building. It is difficult for me now to visualize those fledging web postings! And yet it wasn’t that long ago!! Now, every handout I create goes on the home page. Now, many “handouts” are available only on the web (for example, all the Las Vegas architecture material I and a couple of grad assistants are generating). Now, some material is only possible on the web (for example the virtual tour of the architecture library space).
HLA ligandome analysis identifies the underlying specificities of spontaneous antileukemia immune responses in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (2014)

The breakthrough development of clinically effective immune checkpoint inhibitors illustrates the potential of T-cell-based immunotherapy to effectively treat malignancies. A remaining challenge is to increase and guide the specificities of anticancer immune responses, e.g., by therapeutic vaccination or by adoptive T-cell transfer. By analyzing the landscape of naturally presented HLA class I and II ligands of primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), we delineated a novel category of tumor-associated T-cell antigens based on their exclusive and frequent representation in the HLA ligandome of leukemic cells. These antigens were validated across different stages and mutational subtypes of CLL and found to be robustly represented in HLA ligandomes of patients undergoing standard chemo-/immunotherapy. We demonstrate specific immune recognition of these antigens exclusively in CLL patients, with the frequencies of representation in CLL ligandomes correlating with the frequencies of immune recognition by patient T cells. Moreover, retrospective survival analysis revealed survival benefits for patients displaying immune responses to these antigens. These results directly imply these nonmutant self-peptides as pathophysiologically relevant tumor antigens and encourages their implementation for cancer immunotherapy.
Pulsed lasers in particle detection and sizing (1993)

We demonstrate the feasibility of using a pulsed copper vapor laser in particle detection and sizing, Despite the low-duty cycle of these lasers (0.025%), the forward scatter of light from 5-microm latex spheres has been detected.
Changes in Bone Mineral Density of the Proximal Femur and Spine with Aging (1982)

We measured bone mineral density (BMD) of the proximal femur, lumbar spine, or both by dual photon absorptiometry in 205 normal volunteers (123 women and 82 men; age range 20 to 92 yr) and in 31 patients with hip fractures (26 women and 5 men; mean age, 78 yr). For normal women, the regression of BMD on age was negative and linear at each site; overall decrease during life was 58% in the femoral neck, 53% in the intertrochanteric region of the femur, and 42% in the lumbar spine. For normal men, the age regression was linear also; the rate of decrease in BMD was two-thirds of that in women for femoral neck and intertrochanteric femur but was only one-fourth of that in women for lumbar spine. This difference may explain why the female/male ratio is 2:1 for hip fractures but 8:1 for vertebral fractures. The standard deviation (Z-score) from the sex-specific age-adjusted normal mean in 26 women with hip fracture averaged -0.31 (P < 0.05) for the femoral neck, -0.53 (P < 0.01) for the intertrochanteric femur, and +0.24 (NS) for the lumbar spine; results were similar for 5 men with hip fractures. By contrast, for 27 additional women, ages 51-65 yr, with only nontraumatic vertebral fractures, the Z-score was -1.92 (P < 0.001) for the lumbar spine. Thus, contrary to the view that osteoporosis is a single age-related entity, our data suggest the existence of two distinct syndromes. One form, "postmenopausal osteoporosis," is characterized by excessive and disproportionate trabecular bone loss, involves a small subset of women in the early postmenopausal period, and is associated mainly with vertebral fractures. The other form, "senile osteoporosis," is characterized by proportionate loss of both cortical and trabecular bone, involves essentially the entire population of aging women and, to a lesser extent, aging men, and is associated with hip fractures or vertebral fractures or both.
Sustained thrombolysis with DNA-recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator in rabbits (1985)

Tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA) is an effective thrombolytic agent in experimental animals. The duration of the thrombolytic effect of infused t-PA is unknown. We compared the duration of the thrombolytic effect of t-PA with streptokinase by measuring the lysis of 125I-fibrin-labeled thrombi in rabbit jugular veins at different times after a bolus injection of the fibrinolytic agents. The pharmacodynamics of both thrombolytic agents were determined in rabbits using a sensitive ex vivo fibrinolytic assay. Streptokinase and t-PA were given as a bolus dose of 15,000 U/kg. There was no detectable circulating fibrinolytic activity 30 minutes after the bolus dose of t- PA and 120 minutes after the bolus dose of streptokinase. The t-PA injection produced 34% thrombolysis at 30 minutes, 90% thrombolysis at 120 minutes, and 96% thrombolysis at 240 minutes. The streptokinase injection produced 17% thrombolysis at 30 minutes, 34% at 120 minutes, and 34% at 240 minutes. These observations indicate that the thrombolytic effect of t-PA is sustained beyond its time of clearance from the circulation whereas the thrombolytic effect of streptokinase closely parallels its activity in the circulation.
Speace frienly for the blind = Przestrzeń przyjazna dla niewidomych (2012)

The article presents issues connected with accessibility of public space for people with eyesight disabilities. The use of the extravisual spatial stimuli in shaping the urban environment has been analysed. Spaces in which musltisensory spatial reception is feasible become user-friendly, as they come to meet the changing needs of their users. The article introduces a system of textures aiding spatial orientation, navigation and travel of the visually impaired. The need to make use of the experience of people with eyesight impairments in the process of design has also been raised, as their expert knowledge can contribute to the creation of spaces of higher quality, spaces which will also serve all others.
Central Role for PELP1 in Nonandrogenic Activation of the Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer (2012)

The ability of 17β-estradiol (E2) to regulate the proliferation of prostate cancer (PCa) cells in the absence of androgen is poorly understood. Here, we show the predominant estrogen receptor (ER) isoform expressed in PCa specimens and cell lines is ERβ. Our data indicate that E2 induces the formation of a complex between androgen receptor (AR), ERβ, and a proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich cofactor protein 1 (PELP1) in PCa cells. This protein complex is formed on AR's cognate DNA-responsive elements on the promoter in response to E2. Formation of this complex enables the transcription of AR-responsive genes in response to E2. Knockdown of PELP1, AR, or ERβ blocks the assembly of this complex, blocks E2-induced genomic activation of AR-regulated genes, and blocks E2-stimulated proliferation of PCa cells. Overall, this study shows that PELP1 may enable E2-induced AR signaling by forming a protein complex between AR, ERβ, and PELP1 on the DNA, leading to the proliferation of PCa cells in the absence of androgen. PELP1 may bridge the signal between E2 bound to ERβ and AR and thus allow for cross talk between these steroid receptors. These data suggest a novel mechanism of AR activation in the absence of androgens in PCa cells. Our data indicate that disruption of the complex between AR and PELP1 may be a viable therapeutic strategy in advanced PCa.
Potentiated antitumor effects of interleukin 12 and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor batimastat against B16F10 melanoma in mice. (2000)

The application of antiangiogenic agents in cancer therapy has been studied extensively. Combination of agents with antiangiogenic properties could possibly enhance antitumor effects. Interleukin 12 is a cytokine with potent antitumor activity mediated also via antiangiogenic mechanisms. These effects are attributed to IFN-gamma production stimulated by IL-12. Since IFN-gamma has been reported to augment antitumor effects when combined with one of the metalloproteinase inhibitors--batimastat (BB-94), we have examined a combined treatment with IL-12 and BB-94 in a murine melanoma model. The administration of both agents showed potentiated antitumor activity. Furthermore, we have shown in a tumor-induced angiogenesis model that the combined application of IL-12 and batimastat inhibits the formation of new blood vessels to a greater extent than either agent alone. Our observations show that antiangiogenic effects are at least partly responsible for the enhanced antitumor effects of the combined treatment with IL-12 and BB-94.
Chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: An experimental model of multiple sclerosis (1977)

Abstract A chronic relapsing form of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis was induced by single sensitization of immature strain 13 and Hartley guinea pigs. Clinically, the disease was characterized by remissions and relapses. Recent and old demyelinating plaques, which are the two characteristic features of multiple sclerosis lesions, were also present. The model described opens new avenues for the study of immunological mechanisms governing remissions and exacerbations in multiple sclerosis and offers new opportunities for evaluating the efficacy of drugs for its treatment.
Automatic data and computation decomposition on distributed memory parallel computers (2002)

To exploit parallelism on shared memory parallel computers (SMPCs), it is natural to focus on decomposing the computation (mainly by distributing the iterations of the nested Do-Loops). In contrast, on distributed memory parallel computers (DMPCs), the decomposition of computation and the distribution of data must both be handled---in order to balance the computation load and to minimize the migration of data. We propose and validate experimentally a method for handling computations and data synergistically to minimize the overall execution time on DMPCs. The method is based on a number of novel techniques, also presented in this article. The core idea is to rank the "importance" of data arrays in a program and specify some of the dominant. The intuition is that the dominant arrays are the ones whose migration would be the most expensive. Using the correspondence between iteration space mapping vectors and distributed dimensions of the dominant data array in each nested Do-loop, allows us to design algorithms for determining data and computation decompositions at the same time. Based on data distribution, computation decomposition for each nested Do-loop is determined based on either the "owner computes" rule or the "owner stores" rule with respect to the dominant data array. If all temporal dependence relations across iteration partitions are regular, we use tiling to allow pipelining and the overlapping of computation and communication. However, in order to use tiling on DMPCs, we needed to extend the existing techniques for determining tiling vectors and tile sizes, as they were originally suited for SMPCs only. The overall method is illustrated on programs for the 2D heat equation, for the Gaussian elimination with pivoting, and for the 2D fast Fourier transform on a linear processor array and on a 2D processor grid.
Cerebrospinal fluid (1994)

Examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the context of multiple sclerosis (MS), is valuable for several reasons. First, routine diagnostic evaluation of CSF cell counts and various forms of immunoglobulin determination are important to differentiate MS from other diseases. Second, because MS most probably is an organ-specific inflammatory disease and CSF is often the closest one can get to the target organ, examination of this fluid may allow basic studies on the immunopathogenesis of the disease, and indications of different aspects of inflammation should be considered when evaluating treatments aimed at reducing central nervous system inflammation. This article describes measurements taken at the cellular level in blood and CSF, of myelin-antigen autoreactive B- and T-cell responses, as well as cytokine production. Patients with MS display greatly increased numbers of cells in the CSF that produce antibodies against a variety of myelin antigens, such as myelin basic protein, proteolipid protein, and myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. Such antibodies may promote demyelination, and autoreactive B cells may enhance antigen presentation to T cells. There is also an increased number of T cells in MS, which in response to a broad range of myelin antigens and peptides, produce cytokines. The production of interferon-gamma, belonging to the T helper-1 type of cells, may have a disease up-regulatory role, while production of other cytokines, such as transforming growth factor beta, may counteract disease. Accurate measurements of cellular production of cytokines will be important in the design and monitoring of immunotherapy.
X‐linked cardioskeletal myopathy and neutropenia (Barth syndrome) (MIM 302060) (1999)

X-linked cardioskeletal myopathy, neutropenia and abnormal mitochondria (MIM 302060) (synonyms: Barth syndrome, 3-methylglutaconic acid-uria type II, endocardial fibroelastosis type 2) has been reported in patients and families from Europe, North America and Australia. Previous studies characterized the main components of the disease: dilated cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, neutropenia, 3-methylglutaconic aciduria and diminished statural growth. Respiratory chain impairments have been found in several studies, without pinpointing a single enzyme complex. 3-Methylglutaconic aciduria is shared with several other disorders that affect the respiratory chain. Previous studies excluded a block in the major pathway of leucine catabolism. We performed leucine loading, accompanied by fasting, in patients and observed a significant rise of 3-methylglutaconic acid and 3-methylglutaric acid. Taken together with the absence of an enzymatic block in the major leucine catabolic route, the possibility remains that the increased basal excretion of 3-methylglutaconic acid and other products of branched-chain amino acids is the result of overload of this pathway or--more likely--mitochondrial leakage. Linkage studies have localized the gene to the Xq28 region. The associated tafazzin gene (TAZ), has been fully characterized recently, and mutations located in conserved regions have been reported. Carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis have now become possible through mutation analysis. Sequence homology of the TAZ gene to a highly conserved superclass of acyltransferases (Neuwald's hypothesis) predicts a glycerophospholipid as the missing end product. This points to the (lipid) structure of the inner mitochondrial membrane as a promising new area of research.
Efficacy and Safety of Flibanserin in Women with Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2015)

This meta-analysis indicates that flibanserin to be an effective and safe treatment for HSDD in women.
Analysis of DFT-based frequency excision algorithms for direct-sequence spread-spectrum communications (1998)

The capacity of direct-sequence spread-spectrum modulation to reject narrow-band interference can be significantly improved by eliminating narrow-band energy at the receiver in a process called frequency excision. This paper considers several algorithms that operate on the real-time discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of the received signal to perform frequency excision. The case in which only the signal and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) are present at the receiver is considered as a means of comparing the relative performance of different algorithms that operate without knowledge of the power spectral density of the interference. An approach for analysis, using the postcorrelation signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as the figure of merit, is presented that is valid for a broad class of spreading modulations. First, the algorithm that sets a fixed fraction of the frequency domain record to zero is examined using rank-order statistics as an analytical tool. This result is then generalized to confirm previous estimates of SNR degradation for the algorithm that sets all values that exceed a threshold to zero. These results are again generalized to apply to the algorithm that sets a fixed fraction of the band to a fixed amplitude while retaining phase information in an algorithm called fraction clip. The relative performances of several clip algorithm options are derived as special cases. Finally, a performance measure of the algorithms in the presence of multiple narrow-band interference is provided and illustrated with an example.
Isotopically labelled compounds for hazardous waste site cleanup investigations: Part I. Synthesis of [phenyl‐U‐14C] labelled 2,4‐dinitro‐6‐sec‐butylphenol (dinoseb) and [phenyl‐U‐14C] labelled 4‐n‐propylphenol (1991)

Abstract The Fries rearrangement of [phenyl‐U‐ 14 C] propionate forming a mixture of ortho and para hydroxypropiophenones was followed by steam distillation to separate the isomeric products. A Grignard addition to the ortho isomer and elimination of water from the intermediate carbinol, followed by hydrogenation and nitration, yielded [phenyl‐U‐ 14 C] labelled dinoseb. A Wolff‐Kishner reduction of the para isomer furnished [phenyl‐U‐ 14 C] 4‐n‐propylphenol.
The effect of ultrathin oxides on luminescent silicon nanocrystallites (1998)

The effect of ultrathin oxides on nanocrystallites of luminescent porous silicon is studied using infrared, optical, and Auger spectroscopy. Room-temperature oxidation is performed using H2O2 immersion and UV ozone interactions, producing oxides of ∼5 and ∼10 Å, respectively. The H2O2 oxidized sample is optically active, while the ozone oxidized sample is not active. UV–ozone produces a transverse optical Si–O–Si mode blueshifted by ∼90 cm−1 from bulk oxide, which H2O2 does not produce. Auger Si LVV spectra show an oxidelike signal for UV/ozone samples and a Si-like signal for H2O2 samples. We discuss this in terms of different oxidation behaviors that either preserve or break Si–Si dimers that may be responsible for the optical behavior.
Retinoic acid modifies development of the midbrain-hindbrain border and affects cranial ganglion formation in zebrafish embryos (1991)

Considerable evidence now suggests that retinoic acid (RA) is an important modulator of patterning events in early neuronal development in vertebrates. In this paper, we describe the effects of exogenously applied RA on early neural development in the zebrafish embryo. Neural anatomy is assessed by immunocytochemical and histochemical analysis of the developing embryo in whole mounts at 24 h post-fertilization. RA was applied for one hour at concentrations ranging from 10(-9) to 10(-6) M to embryos at 50% epiboly, the midgastrula stage, and at 10(-7) M to embryos at early and late gastrula stages. The neuroanatomical analysis shows that 10(-7) M RA causes a defined lesion to the developing central nervous system which corresponds to a loss of a region of the brain in the caudal midbrain-rostral hindbrain area, the precursor of the cerebellum and associated neural structures. The region that fails to develop corresponds to the cranial expression domain of the engrailed protein as assessed by the monoclonal antibody 4D9 (Patel et al. 1989: Expression of engrailed proteins in arthropods, annelids and chordates. Cell 58, 955-968). Structures caudal to rhombomere 4 are unaffected by 10(-7) M RA, as are the cranial midbrain and forebrain: 10(-7) M RA also affects the development of cranial ganglia, principally the Vth, anterior lateral line and VIIIth ganglia, suggesting that RA affects normal development of the cranial neural crest. Effects of RA at stages immediately prior to and after gastrulation show some similar and some distinct features. Results are discussed in terms of the possible role of RA as an endogenous moderator of normal head development.
Establishing the genuinity of remote computer systems (2003)

A fundamental problem in distributed computing environments involves determining whether a remote computer system can be trusted to autonomously access secure resources via a network. In this paper, we describe a means by which a remote computer system can be challenged to demonstrate that it is genuine and trustworthy. Upon passing a test, it can be granted access to distributed resources and can serve as a general-purpose host for distributed computation so long as it remains in contact with some certifying authority. The test we describe is applicable to consumer-grade computer systems with a conventional network interface and requires no additional hardware. The results of the test can be conveyed over an unsecured network; no trusted human intermediary is needed to relay the results. We examine potential attacks and weaknesses of the system and show how they can be avoided. Finally, we describe an implementation of a genuinity test for a representative set of computer systems.
Programmable Calculator Applications in Local Government Engineering Economics (1982)

Alpha-numeric programmable calculators provide professional engineers with cheap 'mini-microcomputers' suited to a wide range of applications. The field of engineering economics is poorly catered for by commercially-available programmes. Four programmes are presented to help fill this gap. They deal specifically with local government maintenance and services budgeting and cost control, and with plant and vehicle hire rates and replacement planning. The programmes can be adapted for use in other branches of engineering and management.
Dysregulation of proteoglycan production by intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells bearing defective (Delta-f508) cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (1998)

Hepatic dysfunction in cystic fibrosis (CF) has been attributed to accumulation of viscous mucoid secretions in intrahepatic bile ducts. The purpose of our study was to compare glycoconjugate secretion by intrahepatic biliary epithelial (IBE) cells derived from normal livers and livers of CF patients with the delta F508 mutation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Confluent cells were incubated with 3H-glucosamine (GlcN) for 16 hours, and radiolabeled macromolecules were analyzed for the amount and type of glycoconjugates. Incorporation of 3H-GlcN into macromolecular glycoconjugates was two- to threefold higher in CF cells versus normals, as was uptake of 3H-Glcn into the cytoplasm of CF cells. Gel exclusion chromatography on Sepharose Cl 4B revealed that the secreted glycoconjugates from CF cells eluted entirely in the excluded fraction (molecular weight > 2 x 10(6)), while, in the normal cells, 60% of the glycoconjugates eluted as lower-molecular-weight species. The high-molecular-weight glycoconjugates in both CF and normal cells were identified as chondroitin sulfates, as evidenced by susceptibility to beta elimination, chondroitinase digestion, and amino acid composition. Western blotting of IBE cell secretions with a polyclonal antibody to chondroitin sulfate revealed proteoglycan bands at 100 and 210 kd. Our results indicate that secretion of chondroitin sulfate is markedly increased in CF biliary epithelium in vitro compared with non-CF cells. Increased uptake of precursor 3H-GlcN may contribute to enhanced glycosylation of chondroitin sulfate in CF cells.