gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
trans-3,4-Diaminopiperidines. Azacyclohexane congeners of .kappa. agonist U-50488 (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTtrans-3,4-Diaminopiperidines. Azacyclohexane congeners of .kappa. agonist U-50488Stan V. D'Andrea, Eric T. Michalson, Jeremiah P. Freeman, Connie G. Chidester, and Jacob SzmuszkoviczCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 9, 3133–3137Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00009a038RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views326Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Semiconductor Quantum Dot-Labeled Microsphere Bioconjugates Prepared by Stepwise Self-Assembly (2002)

Biologically active semiconductor quantum dot (QD)-labeled polystyrene (PS) beads with tailored QD loading and luminescence have been prepared via the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly approach. PS beads of 925 nm diameter were used as templates for the deposition of CdTe nanocrystal/polyelectrolyte (PE) multilayers, formed via electrostatic interactions, followed by an outermost layer of anti-immunoglobulin G (anti-IgG) to render the particles biospecific. The beads formed were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well as absorption and luminescence spectroscopy. TEM demonstrated the formation of a uniform coating on the PS beads, while the optical spectra confirmed the deposition of CdTe nanocrystals with each CdTe QD/PE coating cycle, and the deposition of fluorescently labeled anti-IgG. The beads were shown to be immunologically active through agglutination assays with the biospecific partner IgG, leading to the formation of bead aggregates and increased light scattering of the dispersions. Utilization of the LbL assembly method to prepare QD-tagged beads with increased complexity (e.g., several types of QDs and multiple biofunctionality) is expected to open new opportunities in a range of biotechnological applications where designer particles are required.
PYY‐preferring receptor in the dorsal vagal complex and its involvement in PYY stimulation of gastric acid secretion in rats (1998)

1. Microinjection of peptide YY (PYY, 7-46 pmol) into the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) stimulated gastric acid secretion in urethane-anaesthetized rats. Using a variety of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and PYY derivatives, we characterized the pharmacological profile of the receptor mediating the acid secretory response to PYY. 2. [Pro34]rat(r)/porcine(p)PYY and [Pro34]human(h)PYY (23-117 pmol), microinjected unilaterally into the DVC resulted in a similar maximal increase in net acid secretion reaching 68+/-11 and 89+/-31 micromol 90 min(-1) respectively. 3. Rat/hNPY and pNPY (47 pmol) microinjected into the DVC induced a similar net gastric acid secretion (27+/-8 and 23+/-8 micromol 90 min(-1) respectively) and a higher dose (116 pmol) tended to reduce the response. 4. Pancreatic polypeptide (PP, 4-46 pmol), [Leu31,Pro34]r/hNPY (47 and 117 pmol) and the Y2 selective agonists, hPYY3-36, pNPY5-36 and PNPY13-36 (25-168 pmol) microinjected into the DVC failed to influence basal gastric acid secretion. 5. The rank order of potency of PYY > or = [Pro34]r/pPYY = [Pro34]hPYY> r/hNPY = pNPY to stimulate gastric acid secretion upon injection into the DVC and the ineffectiveness of PP, [Leu31,Pro34]NPY and C-terminal NPY/PYY fragments suggest that a PYY-preferring receptor subtype may be involved in mediating the stimulating effect.
Protein Kinase C Delta Cleavage Initiates an Aberrant Signal Transduction Pathway after Cardiac Arrest and Oxygen Glucose Deprivation (2005)

Protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes have been known to mediate a variety of complex and diverse cellular functions. deltaPKC has been implicated in mediating apoptosis. Using two models of cerebral ischemia, cardiac arrest in rats and oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) in organotypic hippocampal slices, we tested whether an ischemic insult promoted deltaPKC cleavage during the reperfusion and whether the upstream pathway involved release of cytochrome c and caspase 3 cleavage. We showed that cardiac arrest/OGD significantly enhanced deltaPKC translocation and increased its cleavage at 3 h of reperfusion. Since deltaPKC is one of the substrates for caspase 3, we next determined caspase 3 activation after cardiac arrest and OGD. The maximum decrease in levels of procaspase 3 was observed at 3 h of reperfusion after cardiac arrest and OGD. We also determined cytochrome c release, since it is upstream of caspase 3 activation. Cytochrome c in cytosol increased at 1 h of reperfusion after cardiac arrest/OGD. Inhibition of either deltaPKC/caspase 3 during OGD and early reperfusion resulted in neuroprotection in CA1 region of hippocampus. Our results support the deleterious role of deltaPKC in reperfusion injury. We propose that early cytochrome c release and caspase 3 activation promote deltaPKC translocation/cleavage.
A Gene-Based Genetic Algorithm for TSP (2003)

Based on the analysis of traditional genetic algorithms(GA),which are always regarded as self-adaptive and stochastic,a novel method called Ge_-GA is proposed. It combines gene pool (Ge) and GA so as to direct the evolution of the whole population. Based on gene pool,Ge_-GA aims to enhance the ability of exploration and exploitation by incorporating global search with local search,which largely improves the convergence speed and ability of finding optimal solutions. The algorithm is applied to 11 well-known traveling salesman problems whose numbers of cities are from 70 to 1577. For each test instance,the average value of solution quality stays within 0.001% from the optimum. Especially for some notorious hard problems,such as att532 and fl1577,it is able to find their optimal solutions in acceptable time.
Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen-dependent Rapid Recruitment of Cdt1 and CRL4Cdt2 at DNA-damaged Sites after UV Irradiation in HeLa Cells (2010)

The licensing factor Cdt1 is degraded by CRL4(Cdt2) ubiquitin ligase dependent on proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) during S phase and when DNA damage is induced in G(1) phase. Association of both Cdt2 and PCNA with chromatin was observed in S phase and after UV irradiation. Here we used a micropore UV irradiation assay to examine Cdt2 accumulation at cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer-containing DNA-damaged sites in the process of Cdt1 degradation in HeLa cells. Cdt2, present in the nucleus throughout the cell cycle, accumulated rapidly at damaged DNA sites during G(1) phase. The recruitment of Cdt2 is dependent on prior PCNA chromatin binding because Cdt2 association was prevented when PCNA was silenced. Cdt1 was also recruited to damaged sites soon after UV irradiation through its PIP-box. As Cdt1 was degraded, the Cdt2 signal at damaged sites was reduced, but PCNA, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer, and XPA (xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group A) signals remained at the same levels. These findings suggest that Cdt1 degradation following UV irradiation occurs rapidly at damaged sites due to PCNA chromatin loading and the recruitment of Cdt1 and CRL4(Cdt2), before DNA damage repair is completed.
Analysis of western blotting (immunoblotting) technique in diagnosis of congenital syphilis (1994)

The diagnosis of congenital syphilis in apparently healthy infants continues to be problematic. Immunoglobulin M antibodies specific for a subset of Treponema pallidum antigens have been detected by Western blotting (immunoblotting). In the present study we investigated the sensitivity and specificity of this method. We tested 26 infants aged 0 to 4 months who fulfilled the accepted criteria for the diagnosis of congenital syphilis. There were 14 symptomatic infants. Sera from 13 of these infants were positive for the 47-kDa treponemal antigen (92% sensitivity). The remaining 12 infants were clinically asymptomatic when tested at birth but subsequently displayed features consistent with the disease. Reactive blots (antibodies to the 47- and/or the 15-kDa antigens) were noted in 10 of the 12 infants (83% sensitivity). Thirty infants whose mothers had syphilis were monitored and shown to be uninfected. Nonreactive blots were seen in sera from 27 infants, while sera from 3 older infants had false-positive tests (90% specificity). The Western blotting technique is sensitive (even in the diagnosis of clinically inapparent cases) and, in the absence of immunoglobulin M rheumatoid factor, is a useful confirmatory test for congenital syphilis.
Soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells and the Diagnosis of Pneumonia (2004)

In patients receiving mechanical ventilation, rapid detection of sTREM-1 in bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid may be useful in establishing or excluding the diagnosis of bacterial or fungal pneumonia.
Sparse nonnegative solution of underdetermined linear equations by linear programming (2005)

Consider an underdetermined system of linear equations y = Ax with known y and d x n matrix A. We seek the nonnegative x with the fewest nonzeros satisfying y = Ax. In general, this problem is NP-hard. However, for many matrices A there is a threshold phenomenon: if the sparsest solution is sufficiently sparse, it can be found by linear programming. We explain this by the theory of convex polytopes. Let a(j) denote the jth column of A, 1 < or = j < or = n, let a0 = 0 and P denote the convex hull of the a(j). We say the polytope P is outwardly k-neighborly if every subset of k vertices not including 0 spans a face of P. We show that outward k-neighborliness is equivalent to the statement that, whenever y = Ax has a nonnegative solution with at most k nonzeros, it is the nonnegative solution to y = Ax having minimal sum. We also consider weak neighborliness, where the overwhelming majority of k-sets of a(j)s not containing 0 span a face of P. This implies that most nonnegative vectors x with k nonzeros are uniquely recoverable from y = Ax by linear programming. Numerous corollaries follow by invoking neighborliness results. For example, for most large n by 2n underdetermined systems having a solution with fewer nonzeros than roughly half the number of equations, the sparsest solution can be found by linear programming.
Correlates of Low Testosterone and Symptomatic Androgen Deficiency in a Population-Based Sample (2008)

Waist circumference is a potentially modifiable risk factor for low testosterone and symptomatic AD. Manifestation of symptoms may be a consequence of generally poor health status.
Recombinant humanised anti-HER2/neu antibody (Herceptin®) induces cellular death of glioblastomas (2004)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains the most devastating primary tumour in neuro-oncology. Targeting of the human epithelial receptor type 2 (HER2)-neu receptor by specific antibodies is a recent well-established therapy for breast tumours. Human epithelial receptor type 2/neu is a transmembrane tyrosine/kinase receptor that appears to be important for the regulation of cancer growth. Human epithelial receptor type 2/neu is not expressed in the adult central nervous system, but its expression increases with the degree of astrocytoma anaplasia. The specificity of HER2/neu for tumoral astrocytomas leads us to study in vitro treatment of GBM with anti-HER2/neu antibody. We used human GBM cell lines expressing HER2/neu (A172 express HER2/neu more than U251MG) or not (U87MG) and monoclonal humanised antibody against HER2/neu (Herceptin). Human epithelial receptor type 2/neu expression was measured by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Direct antibody effect, complement-dependent cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity were evaluated by different cytometric assays. We have shown, for the first time, the ability of anti-HER2/neu antibodies to induce apoptosis and cellular-dependent cytotoxicity of HER2/neu-expressing GBM cell lines. The results decreased from A172 to U251 and were negative for U87MG, in accordance with the decreasing density of HER2/neu receptors.
AKT1-Dependent Activation of NF-κB by the L Protein of Parainfluenza Virus 5 (2008)

Innate immunity plays a critical role in the control of viral infections. The induction of innate immune responses requires activation of transcription factors. In particular, NF-kappaB plays an essential role in activating the expression of cytokines involved in innate immunity such as beta interferon (IFN-beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). However, the mechanisms by which viruses activate NF-kappaB are poorly defined. Infection by parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), a prototypical member of the Paramyxoviridae family of Mononegavirales, has been shown to activate the expression of IFN-beta and IL-6. To examine how PIV5 induces this expression, we have examined the activation of NF-kappaB by PIV5 proteins. We have found that expression of PIV5 L protein alone is sufficient to activate NF-kappaB. The L protein of PIV5, the catalytic component of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, contains six domains that are conserved among all negative-stranded nonsegmented RNA viruses. We have mapped the region that activates NF-kappaB to the second domain, which is thought to be involved in RNA synthesis. The activation of NF-kappaB by L requires AKT1, a serine/threonine kinase, since AKT1 small interfering RNA, an AKT inhibitor as well as a dominant-negative mutant of AKT1, blocks this activation. Furthermore, we have found that L interacts with AKT1 and enhances its phosphorylation. We speculate that L may encode AKT1 kinase activity.
Pincer‐Type Complexes for Catalytic (De)Hydrogenation and Transfer (De)Hydrogenation Reactions: Recent Progress (2015)

Pincer complexes are becoming increasingly important for organometallic chemistry and organic synthesis. Since numerous applications for such catalysts have been developed in recent decades, this Minireview covers progress in their use as catalysts for (de)hydrogenation and transfer (de)hydrogenation reactions during the last four years. Aside from noble-metal-based pincer complexes, the corresponding base metal complexes are also highlighted and their applications summarized.
KDR Receptor: A Key Marker Defining Hematopoietic Stem Cells (1999)

Studies on pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have been hindered by lack of a positive marker, comparable to the CD34 marker of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). In human postnatal hematopoietic tissues, 0.1 to 0.5% of CD34(+) cells expressed vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2, also known as KDR). Pluripotent HSCs were restricted to the CD34+KDR+ cell fraction. Conversely, lineage-committed HPCs were in the CD34+KDR- subset. On the basis of limiting dilution analysis, the HSC frequency in the CD34+KDR+ fraction was 20 percent in bone marrow (BM) by mouse xenograft assay and 25 to 42 percent in BM, peripheral blood, and cord blood by 12-week long-term culture (LTC) assay. The latter values rose to 53 to 63 percent in LTC supplemented with VEGF and to greater than 95 percent for the cell subfraction resistant to growth factor starvation. Thus, KDR is a positive functional marker defining stem cells and distinguishing them from progenitors.
Design of Bioelectronic Interfaces by Exploiting Hinge-Bending Motions in Proteins (2001)

We report a flexible strategy for transducing ligand-binding events into electrochemical responses for a wide variety of proteins. The method exploits ligand-mediated hinge-bending motions, intrinsic to the bacterial periplasmic binding protein superfamily, to establish allosterically controlled interactions between electrode surfaces and redox-active, Ru(II)-labeled proteins. This approach allows the development of protein-based bioelectronic interfaces that respond to a diverse set of analytes. Families of these interfaces can be generated either by exploiting natural binding diversity within the superfamily or by reengineering the specificity of individual proteins. These proteins may have numerous medical, environmental, and defense applications.
Machine Learning Classifiers in Glaucoma (2008)

Machine learning is concerned with the design and development of algorithms and techniques that allow computers to "learn" patterns in data using iterative processes. Such processes can be supervised (guided by a priori group membership information) or unsupervised (guided by patterns within the data). Machine learning classifiers (MLC) are unconstrained by statistical assumptions and therefore are adaptable to complex data. Recent applications of MLC techniques to the detection and monitoring of glaucoma by analysis of visual field and optical imaging data suggest that these methods can provide improvement over currently available techniques. This article provides some background about the classification task in glaucoma and the structure and evaluation of MLCs, and it reviews MLC techniques as they have been applied to visual function and optical imaging in glaucoma research.
Involvement of specific macrophage-lineage cells surrounding arterioles in barrier and scavenger function in brain cortex. (1996)

The transport of solutes between blood and brain is regulated by a specific barrier. Capillary endothelial cells of brain are known to mediate barrier function and facilitate transport. Here we report that specific cells surrounding arterioles, known as Mato's fluorescent granular perithelial (FGP) cells or perivascular microglial cells, contribute to the barrier function. Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization studies indicate that, in normal brain cortex, type I and type II macrophage scavenger receptors are expressed only in FGP/perivascular microglial cells, and surface markers of macrophage lineage are also detected on them. These cells mediate the uptake of macromolecules, including modified low density lipoprotein, horseradish peroxidase, and ferritin injected either into the blood or into the cerebral ventricles. Accumulation of scavenged materials with aging or after the administration of a high-fat diet results in the formation of honeycomb-like foam cells and the narrowing of the lumen of arterioles in the brain cortex. These results indicate involvement of FGP/perivascular microglial cells in the barrier and scavenger functions in the central nervous system.
The Inflammasomes: Guardians of the Body (2009)

The innate immune system relies on its capacity to rapidly detect invading pathogenic microbes as foreign and to eliminate them. The discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) provided a class of membrane receptors that sense extracellular microbes and trigger antipathogen signaling cascades. More recently, intracellular microbial sensors have been identified, including NOD-like receptors (NLRs). Some of the NLRs also sense nonmicrobial danger signals and form large cytoplasmic complexes called inflammasomes that link the sensing of microbial products and metabolic stress to the proteolytic activation of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and IL-18. The NALP3 inflammasome has been associated with several autoinflammatory conditions including gout. Likewise, the NALP3 inflammasome is a crucial element in the adjuvant effect of aluminum and can direct a humoral adaptive immune response. In this review, we discuss the role of NLRs, and in particular the inflammasomes, in the recognition of microbial and danger components and the role they play in health and disease.
An Integrated Micro-Analytical System for Complex Vapor Mixtures (2007)

A micro gas chromatograph (μGC) capable of quantitatively analyzing the components of complex vapor mixtures at trace concentrations is described. The μGC features a micro- preconcentrator/focuser (μPCF), dual-column pressure- and temperature-programmed separation module, and an integrated array of nanoparticle-coated chemiresistors. The latest design modifications and performance data are presented. Highlights include a 4-min separation of a 30-component mixture with a 3-m DRIE Si/glass microcolumn, a 14-sec separation of an 11-component mixture on a 25-cm microcolumn, a complete multi-vapor analysis from a hybrid microsystem that combines analytical, rf- wireless, and microcontroller modules, and a rapid analysis driven by a 4-stage peristaltic micropump.
Characteristics of long wavelength InGaN quantum well laser diodes (2008)

We demonstrated the long wavelength (485nm) lasing of InGaN laser diodes under continuous wave condition at room temperature over 10mW. Two InGaN laser structures were adapted with different indium composition for InGaN optical confinement layers (OCLs) below quantum wells. The blue shift of electroluminescence (EL) was reduced in InGaN laser diodes grown on 3% In concentration in InGaN OCL compared with 1.5% In concentration in InGaN OCL. The EL peak for laser diode with 3% In concentration in InGaN OCL occurs at longer wavelength for all current levels compared to the laser with 1.5% In concentration in InGaN OCL. In addition, the laterally nonuniform InGaN wells grown on 1.5% In concentration in InGaN OCL was verified by the cross-sectional view of InGaN active layer using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.
Does This Adult Patient With Suspected Bacteremia Require Blood Cultures? (2012)

Blood cultures should not be ordered for adult patients with isolated fever or leukocytosis without considering the pretest probability. SIRS and the decision rule may be helpful in identifying patients who do not need blood cultures. These conclusions do not apply to immunocompromised patients or when endocarditis is suspected.
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Development of angle-resolved low coherence interferometry for clinical detection of dysplasia (2011)

This review covers the development of angle-resolved low coherence interferometry (a/LCI) from initial development through clinical application. In the first applications, the approach used a time-domain interferometry scheme and was validated using animal models of carcinogenesis to assess the feasibility of detecting dysplasia in situ. Further development of the approach led to Fourier-domain interferometry schemes with higher throughput and endoscope-compatible probes to enable clinical application. These later implementations have been applied to clinical studies of dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus tissues, a metaplastic tissue type that is associated with an increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. As an alternative to systematic biopsy, the a/LCI approach offers high sensitivity and specificity for detecting dysplasia in these tissues while avoiding the need for tissue removal or exogenous contrast agents. Here, the various implementations of a/LCI are discussed and the results of the preliminary animal experiments and ex vivo human tissue studies are reviewed. A review of a recent in vivo clinical study is also presented.