gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbohydrate Accumulation and Osmotic Stress in Cyanobacteria (1984)

In a comprehensive survey of the carbohydrate accumulation profiles of more than 70 strains of cyanobacteria three organic osmotica (glucosylglycerol, sucrose and trehalose) have been identified in both freshwater and marine isolates under conditions of osmotic stress. While the trend was towards glucosylglycerol accumulation in marine strains and sucrose accumulation in freshwater forms, there were no absolute differences between cyanobacteria isolated from each habitat. There was also no clear link between genus and the type of carbohydrate accumulated.
Adenovirus-mediated transfection of cultured cells. (1994)

We describe here a simple and efficient transfection method for transient expression of cloned genes in cell lines and primary cultured cells. The method involves the use of DEAE-dextran to target DNA to the cellular endocytotic pathway and the use of a human adenovirus to ensure efficient lysis of endosomal vesicles. The procedure allows effective delivery of DNA into the cytoplasm and, therefore, results in a higher fraction of cells expressing exogenous proteins. Using this method, we routinely obtain 60%-90% of COS cells or Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing beta-galactosidase, as determined by in situ staining with 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactoside (X-gal). We have also obtained much improved levels of expression in cells that are difficult or impossible to use in transient expression assays, such as rat-1 fibroblasts or primary osteoblast cultures. We successfully used the method to express heteromeric proteins that require subunit assembly for proper function. The method also proved effective to express functions in which the exogenous protein needs to couple to the endogenous cellular machinery. Thus, this transient transfection method should prove valuable for many functional studies in a broad variety of cell lines and primary cultures.
Commerce, Death Panels, and Broccoli: Or Why the Activity/Inactivity Distinction in the Health Care Case Was Really About the Right to Bodily Integrity (2013)

In National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius, five Justices of the United States Supreme Court opined that the Commerce Clause does not authorize Congress to regulate “inactivity.” In giving effect to the intuition that laws compelling activity impose a more serious burden on the individual than do laws forbidding activity, these Justices mistakenly imported a libertarian principle into the Court’s federalism jurisprudence. Indeed, the intuition is not even true in all individual rights cases. Nonetheless, in the aim of understanding the logic behind the position, this Article explains how affirmative mandates that infringe the substantive due process right to bodily integrity can be more intrusive than prohibitions. In so doing, it draws connections between the political charge that the health care law would establish “death panels” and the effective use of the hypothetical fear that upholding the law’s socalled individual mandate would permit the government to require people to eat broccoli.
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs)—a family of adapter proteins that regulates life and death (1998)

The signaling pathways that regulate cell survival are beginning to be defined. Receptors such as Fas and tumor necrosis factor receptor type I (TNFRI) have been shown to be capable of initiating programmed cell death. These death receptors initiate signal transduction pathways that culminate in caspase activation and apoptosis. A number of the intracellular molecules in these signaling pathways have been identified and characterized. In contrast to death receptors, other cell surface receptors appear to be capable of initiating signaling pathways that promote cell survival. The components of survival signal transduction are less well characterized. Recently a family of cytoplasmic proteins has been identified that appears to be capable of both negatively regulating apoptotic pathway(s) as well as inducing the expression of genes that promote cell survival. Members of this family of signal transduction molecules were first described because of their ability to bind to TNFRII and, therefore, were given the name TNF receptor-associated factors (TRAFs). Subsequent studies have demonstrated that TRAFs serve as adapter proteins for a wide variety of cell surface receptors and play important roles in regulating not only apoptosis but also stress responses. In this review we hope to provide an overview of current knowledge concerning the expression and function of this important family of proteins. Identification of the TRAF family Members of the recently described family of TRAF proteins are cytoplasmic adapter proteins that can interact directly with the intracellular domains of cell surface receptors. Among the receptors that have been shown to recruit TRAF proteins are members of the TNFR superfamily, the Epstein‐Barr virus protein LMP1, and the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R). To date, six distinct TRAF molecules have been identified in mammalian species (Fig. 1). TRAF1 and TRAF2 were cloned by biochemical
Odor Plumes And How Insects Use Them (1992)

With a growing world population and increasingly demanding consumers, the production of sufficient protein from livestock, poultry, and fish represents a serious challenge for the future. Approximately 1,900 insect species are eaten worldwide, mainly in ...Read More
Pathology of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi Infection in Bandicota savilei, a Natural Host in Thailand (1994)

Following rodent surveys in a rice-growing area of central Thailand where we found Bandicota savilei, B. indica, and Rattus rattus infected with Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, we performed a study of pathogenesis of R. tsutsugamushi in laboratory-reared B. savilei. Eight animals were injected with saline and 19 animals were injected with 4.0 x 10(6) mouse 50% lethal dose units of a strain of R. tsutsugamushi isolated from a human in central Thailand. Animals were evaluated at intervals for IgG and IgM antibodies to R. tsutsugamushi by an indirect immunoperoxidase assay, the presence of the pathogen in liver and spleen by murine inoculation, and the pathology of representative tissues by gross and microscopic examination. The infected animals began to show internal evidence of mild illness 7-14 days after inoculation, and exhibited no changes in behavior. Total white blood cell counts decreased on day seven (including lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes), followed by an almost equal increase on day 14. Gross pathology noted at necropsy was limited to slight liver and spleen enlargement accompanied by low numbers of abscesses and fibrinous tags present in the abdominal cavity. In addition to the gross morphologic changes, histopathologic lesions noted were all mild, consisting of vasculitis of the lung, activation of the mononuclear phagocyte system, abdominal mesothelial cell hyperplasia, and peritonitis. Rickettsiae were isolated from liver and spleen on days 0, 7, and 14, but not thereafter. Specific antibody response was first observed on day 14, peaked on day 21, and it decreased to levels observed in uninfected animals between days 120 and 180.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Natural Ligand of Mouse CD1d1: Cellular Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (1998)

Mouse CD1d1, a member of the CD1 family of evolutionarily conserved major histocompatibility antigen-like molecules, controls the differentiation and function of a T lymphocyte subset, NK1+ natural T cells, proposed to regulate immune responses. The CD1d1 crystal structure revealed a large hydrophobic binding site occupied by a ligand of unknown chemical nature. Mass spectrometry and metabolic radiolabeling were used to identify cellular glycosylphosphatidylinositol as a major natural ligand of CD1d1. CD1d1 bound glycosylphosphatidylinositol through its phosphatidylinositol aspect with high affinity. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol or another glycolipid could be a candidate natural ligand for CD1d1-restricted T cells.
Comparative Sensitivity of Trichophyton and Aspergillus Conidia to Inactivation by Violet-Blue Light Exposure (2015)

The study results demonstrate the relatively high sensitivity of Trichophyton microconidia to 405 nm violet-blue light, and this is may be of potential interest regarding the control and treatment of dermatophyte infections.
Demonstration of a non-Tac peptide that binds interleukin 2: a potential participant in a multichain interleukin 2 receptor complex. (1986)

The interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor system plays a key role in the T-cell immune response. Although IL-2 binding was reported to be restricted to the Tac peptide, we have identified an IL-2 binding peptide that does not react with anti-human IL-2 receptor monoclonal antibodies, including anti-Tac on MLA 144, a gibbon ape T-cell line. The MLA 144 cell line expressed 6800 IL-2 binding sites per cell with a low (Kd = 14 nM) affinity for human recombinant IL-2. Using cross-linking methodology, we demonstrated that the IL-2 binding peptide on MLA 144 is larger (Mr 75,000) than the Tac peptide, which has a Mr of 55,000. An IL-2 binding peptide of similar size (Mr 75,000) was also identified in addition to the Tac peptide (Mr 54,000-57,000) on Hut 102, a human T-cell lymphotrophic virus I-induced T-cell leukemia line, and phytohemagglutinin-activated normal human and gibbon ape lymphoblasts. Anti-Tac antibody did not block the binding of 125I-labeled IL-2 to MLA 144 cells. However, this antibody abolished the binding of 125I-labeled IL-2 not only to the Tac peptide on Hut 102 cells and normal lymphoblasts but also to the Mr 75,000 IL-2 binding peptide, suggesting that this latter peptide is associated with the Tac peptide to form the high-affinity IL-2 receptor complex.
Transcriptome resources and functional characterization of monoterpene synthases for two host species of the mountain pine beetle, lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana) (2013)

In the absence of genome sequences, transcriptome assemblies are important for defence gene discovery in lodgepole pine and jack pine, as demonstrated here for the terpenoid pathway genes. The product profiles of the functionally annotated mono-TPSs described here can account for the major monoterpene metabolites identified in lodgepole pine and jack pine.
Low-dose PTH increases osteoblast activity via decreased Mef2c/Sost in senescent osteopenic mice (2014)

Intermittent administration of parathyroid hormone (PTH) 1-34 at a standard dose has been shown to induce anabolic effects in bone. However, whether low-dose PTH promotes bone formation during senescence is unknown. To address this issue, we determined the effects of low-dose PTH and analysed the underlying mechanisms in prematurely senescent mice that display osteopenia. Treatment of 9-week-old Samp6 mice for 6 weeks with PTH at a standard dose (100 μg/kg per day) increased vertebral and femoral bone mass and improved bone microarchitecture as a result of increased bone-forming surfaces and mineral apposition rate (MAR). At a tenfold lower dose (10 μg/kg per day), PTH increased axial bone volume and trabecular thickness, as detected by bone histomorphometry but not by micro-computed tomography analysis. This anabolic effect resulted from increased osteoblast activity, as reflected by increased serum N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (P1NP) levels and MAR, with unchanged bone-forming surface or osteoblast surface. Mechanistically, low-dose PTH increased the expression of osteoblast markers in bone marrow stromal cells and mature osteoblasts, which was associated with increased expression of the Wnt effector Wisp1. Moreover, low-dose PTH decreased the expression of the Mef2c transcription factor, resulting in decreased Sost expression in osteoblasts/osteocytes. These results indicate that PTH at a low dose is effective at promoting bone formation and increased bone volume in senescent osteopenic mice through increased osteoblast activity and modulation of specific Wnt effectors, which raises the potential therapeutic use of intermittent PTH at low dose to increase bone forming activity and bone mass in skeletal senescence.
Selective inhibitory DNA aptamers of the human RNase H1 (2003)

Human RNase H1 binds double-stranded RNA via its N-terminal domain and RNA-DNA hybrid via its C-terminal RNase H domain, the latter being closely related to Escherichia coli RNase HI. Using SELEX, we have generated a set of DNA sequences that can bind efficiently (K(d) values ranging from 10 to 80 nM) to the human RNase H1. None of them could fold into a simple perfect double-stranded DNA hairpin confirming that double-stranded DNA does not constitute a trivial ligand for the enzyme. Only two of the 37 DNA aptamers selected were inhibitors of human RNase H1 activity. The two inhibitory oligomers, V-2 and VI-2, were quite different in structure with V-2 folding into a large, imperfect but stable hairpin loop. The VI-2 structure consists of a central region unimolecular quadruplex formed by stacking of two guanine quartets flanked by the 5' and 3' tails that form a stem of six base pairs. Base pairing between the 5' and 3' tails appears crucial for conferring the inhibitory properties to the aptamer. Finally, the inhibitory aptamers were capable of completely abolishing the action of an antisense oligonucleotide in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate supplemented with human RNase H1, with IC50 ranging from 50 to 100 nM.
High‐dose gadoteridol in MR imaging of intracranial neoplasms (1992)

Abstract Twelve patients with a high suspicion of brain metastases by previous clinical or radiologic examinations were studied in a phase III investigation with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at 1.5 T after a bolus intravenous injection of 0.1 mmol/kg gadoteridol followed at 30 minutes by a second bolus injection of 0.2 mmol/kg gadoteridol. All lesions were best demonstrated (showed greatest enhancement) at the 0.3‐mmol/kg (cumulative) dose, with image analysis confirming signal intensity enhancement in the majority of cases after the second gadoteridol injection. More lesions were detected with the 0.3‐mmol/kg dose than with the 0.1‐mmol/kg dose, and more lesions were detected with the 0.1‐mmol/kg dose than on precontrast images. In this limited clinical trial, high‐dose gadoteridol injection (0.3‐mmol/kg cumulative dose) provided improved lesion detection on MR images specifically in intracranial metastatic disease.
SDH and its management (1994)

Because of its regulatory position, the UK has a number of independent SDH networks, highlighting the factors involved in interworking. These networks vary from a few rings to a complex network with highly integrated management. Such a network has to be extremely robust, not just at traffic level, but also in terms of the supporting functions such as data communications and synchronisation. The lessons which GPT has learned in meeting that challenge, in supplying SDH networks to BT, Southwestern Bell, and other networks in the UK and elsewhere, form the background to this paper. It gives a view of some of the more important issues which arise in the planning of a management system for an SDH network. In this paper the focus is on the network and element levels.
The SPRY Domain-containing SOCS Box Protein 1 (SSB-1) Interacts with MET and Enhances the Hepatocyte Growth Factor-induced Erk-Elk-1-Serum Response Element Pathway (2005)

The suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) protein family includes a SPRY (repeats in splA and RyR) domain-containing SOCS box protein (SSB) subfamily, which consists of four members, SSB-1, SSB-2, SSB-3, and SSB-4. These proteins contain a central SPRY domain and a C-terminal SOCS box. Although some of the SOCS protein subfamilies function as adaptors for a large family of ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligases to regulate certain signaling pathways, the function of the SSB subfamily remains to be determined. In our previous studies, we have found that two SPRY domain-containing proteins, RanBP9 and RanBP10, interact with MET through the SPRY domain. In the present study, we explored the function of SSB proteins in the regulation of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-MET signaling. Our results showed that all four SSB proteins also interacted with the MET. The MET interaction with SSB-1 was further investigated. We demonstrated that SSB-1 bound to MET tyrosine kinase domain through its SPRY domain. MET interacted with SSB-1 in both the absence and the presence of HGF, but HGF treatment resulted in the recruitment of more SSB-1 by MET. We showed that overexpression of SSB-1 but not other SSB proteins enhanced the HGF-induced serum response element (SRE)-luciferase activity. Overexpression of SSB-1 exhibited no effect on the basal level or epidermal growth factor-induced SRE-luciferase activity. SSB-1 also enhanced HGF-induced Erk phosphorylation. Suppression of SSB-1 by the RNA interference method down-regulated HGF-induced SRE-luciferase activity and decreased Elk-1 activation. These results suggest that SSB-1 may play an important role in enhancing the HGF-induced Erk-Elk-1-SRE pathway. Furthermore, we demonstrated that in response to HGF stimulation, the SSB-1 protein became phosphorylated at tyrosine residue 31. The phosphorylated SSB-1 protein bound to p120Ras-GTPase-activating protein (GAP) but did not promote the degradation of p120RasGAP, indicating that enhanced HGF-MET signaling by overexpression of SSB-1 was not dependent on p120RasGAP degradation.
Metabolomics in transfusion medicine (2015)

Biochemical investigations on the regulatory mechanisms of red blood cell (RBC) and platelet (PLT) metabolism have fostered a century of advances in the field of transfusion medicine. Owing to these advances, storage of RBCs and PLT concentrates has become a lifesaving practice in clinical and military settings. There, however, remains room for improvement, especially with regard to the introduction of novel storage and/or rejuvenation solutions, alternative cell processing strategies (e.g., pathogen inactivation technologies), and quality testing (e.g., evaluation of novel containers with alternative plasticizers). Recent advancements in mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and systems biology, the bioinformatics integration of omics data, promise to speed up the design and testing of innovative storage strategies developed to improve the quality, safety, and effectiveness of blood products. Here we review the currently available metabolomics technologies and briefly describe the routine workflow for transfusion medicine-relevant studies. The goal is to provide transfusion medicine experts with adequate tools to navigate through the otherwise overwhelming amount of metabolomics data burgeoning in the field during the past few years. Descriptive metabolomics data have represented the first step omics researchers have taken into the field of transfusion medicine. However, to up the ante, clinical and omics experts will need to merge their expertise to investigate correlative and mechanistic relationships among metabolic variables and transfusion-relevant variables, such as 24-hour in vivo recovery for transfused RBCs. Integration with systems biology models will potentially allow for in silico prediction of metabolic phenotypes, thus streamlining the design and testing of alternative storage strategies and/or solutions.
On-Chip Isoelectric Focusing Using Photopolymerized Immobilized pH Gradients (2008)

We present the first successful adaptation of immobilized pH gradients (IPGs) to the microscale (muIPGs) using a new method for generating precisely defined polymer gradients on-chip. Gradients of monomer were established via diffusion along 6 mm flow-restricted channel segments. Precise control over boundary conditions and the resulting gradient is achieved by continuous flow of stock solutions through side channels flanking the gradient segment. Once the desired gradient is established, it is immobilized via photopolymerization. Precise gradient formation was verified with spatial and temporal detection of a fluorescent dye added to one of the flanking streams. Rapid (<20 min) isoelectric focusing of several fluorescent pI markers and proteins is demonstrated across pH 3.8-7.0 muIPGs using both denaturing and nondenaturing conditions, without the addition of carrier ampholytes. The muIPG format yields improved stability and comparable resolution to prominent on-chip IEF techniques. In addition to rapid, high-resolution separations, the reported muIPG format is amenable to multiplexed and multidimensional analysis via custom gradients as well as integration with other on-chip separation methods.
Dexmedetomidine decreases the requirement of ketamine and propofol during burns debridement and dressings (2014)

Dexmedetomidine (1 μg/kg IM) reduced the requirement of propofol and ketamine, with more stable intraoperative haemodynamics.
Biology and Function of Tumor-Associated Trypsin Inhibitor, Tati (1991)

Tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) is a 6,000 Daltons peptide, which is synthesized by several tumors and cell lines. TATI is identical to pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI). This peptide is also produced by the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, where it is thought to protect the mucosal cells from proteolytic breakdown. Elevated serum and urine levels of TATI occur in connection with many types of cancer, especially mucinous ovarian cancer. Elevated levels may also occur in nonmalignant diseases, e.g. in pancreatitis, severe infections and tissue destruction. Thus TATI may behave as an acute phase reactant. Tumors producing TATI often express tumor-associated trypsinogen. Elevation of TATI in cancer and pancreatic disease is therefore associated with expression of trypsin, but such a connection has not been demonstrated in inflammatory disease. TATI can inhibit trypsin-mediated degradation of extracellular matrix by tumor cells. Therefore its role may be to control the activation of tumor-associated trypsinogen. TATI has also been shown to possess growth factor activity in vitro, but it is not known whether this is a physiological function.
NMR of silk fibroin. Carbon-13 NMR study of the chain dynamics and solution structure of Bombyx mori silk fibroin (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNMR of silk fibroin. Carbon-13 NMR study of the chain dynamics and solution structure of Bombyx mori silk fibroinTetsuo Asakura, Yasuo Watanabe, Akane Uchida, and Hidenobu MinagawaCite this: Macromolecules 1984, 17, 5, 1075–1081Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00135a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00135a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views599Altmetric-Citations112LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Novel Thermodynamic Treatment for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (2011)

The combination of heat applied to the palpebral surface, while simultaneously expressing MGs during a single 12-minute treatment, was effective, in this feasibility study, in treating obstructive MG dysfunction and dry eye signs and symptoms for the 3-month study period.