gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time course of specific AGEs during optimised glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes. (2006)

Although insulin therapy improved HbA1c and markers of endothelial function, the levels of serum AGEs did not follow the same time course. This suggests that these specific AGEs are influenced by other factors in addition to overall glycaemia, such as oxidative stress.
Identification of a cis -Acting Replication Element within the Poliovirus Coding Region (2000)

The replication of poliovirus, a positive-stranded RNA virus, requires translation of the infecting genome followed by virus-encoded VPg and 3D polymerase-primed synthesis of a negative-stranded template. RNA sequences involved in the latter process are poorly defined. Since many sequences involved in picornavirus replication form RNA structures, we searched the genome, other than the untranslated regions, for predicted local secondary structural elements and identified a 61-nucleotide (nt) stem-loop in the region encoding the 2C protein. Covariance analysis suggested the structure was well conserved in the Enterovirus genus of the Picornaviridae. Site-directed mutagenesis, disrupting the structure without affecting the 2C product, destroyed genome viability and suggested that the structure was required in the positive sense for function. Recovery of revertant viruses suggested that integrity of the structure was critical for function, and analysis of replication demonstrated that nonviable mutants did not synthesize negative strands. Our conclusion, that this RNA secondary structure constitutes a novel poliovirus cis-acting replication element (CRE), is supported by the demonstration that subgenomic replicons bearing lethal mutations in the native structure can be restored to replication competence by the addition of a second copy of the 61-nt wild-type sequence at another location within the genome. This poliovirus CRE functionally resembles an element identified in rhinovirus type 14 (K. L. McKnight and S. M. Lemon, RNA 4:1569-1584, 1998) and the cardioviruses (P. E. Lobert, N. Escriou, J. Ruelle, and T. Michiels, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:11560-11565, 1999) but differs in sequence, structure, and location. The functional role and evolutionary significance of CREs in the replication of positive-sense RNA viruses is discussed.
Synthesis of vinyl-terminated isotactic poly(propylene) (2000)

Isotactic poly(propylene)s with 60–80% vinyl chain-end selectivity were synthesized with metallocene catalysts. Some of these vinyl-terminated poly(propylene)s are highly stereoregular (mmmm pentads up to 95%) and have high crystalline melting points in the range of 140–150°C. Chain-end analysis using 13C NMR indicates the vinyl chain-ends in the polymer are most likely formed through β-methyl elimination in the chain termination step.
Regulation of Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses by the SLAM and SAP Families of Molecules (2007)

SAP (SLAM-associated protein) was identified in 1998 as an adaptor molecule involved in the intracellular signaling pathways elicited through the cell surface receptor SLAM and as the protein defective in the human immunodeficiency X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP). During the past eight years, it has been established that the SLAM family of cell surface receptors (SLAM, 2B4, NTB-A, Ly9, CD84) and the SAP family of adaptors (SAP, EAT-2, ERT) play critical roles in lymphocyte development, differentiation, and acquisition of effector functions. Studies of these proteins have shown unexpected roles in cytokine production by T cells and myeloid cells, T cell-dependent humoral immune responses, NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and NKT cell development. This review highlights recent findings that have improved our understanding of the roles of the SLAM and SAP families of molecules in immune regulation and discusses how perturbations in the signaling pathways involving these proteins can result in different disease states.
Hemicellulases and auxiliary enzymes for improved conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to monosaccharides (2011)

A diverse set of accessory hemicellulases was found necessary to enhance the synergistic action of cellulases hydrolysing AFEX pretreated corn stover. High glucose (around 80%) and xylose (around 70%) yields were achieved with a moderate enzyme loading (~20 mg protein/g glucan) using an in-house developed cocktail compared to commercial enzymes.
A Jojoba b-Ketoacyl-CoA Synthase cDNA Complements the Canola Fatty Acid Elongation Mutation in Transgenic Plants (1996)

Michael W. Lassner, Kathryn Lardizabal, James G. Metz, A Jojoba β-Ketoacyl-CoA Synthase cDNA Complements the Canola Fatty Acid Elongation Mutation in Transgenic Plants, The Plant Cell, Vol. 8, No. 2 (Feb., 1996), pp. 281-292
Oligomerization of activated derivatives of 3′-amino-3′-deoxyguanosine on poly(C) and poly(dC) templates (1985)

3'-amino-3'-deoxyuridine reacts with the nucleoside 5'-phosphorimidazolides in aqueous solution to give dinucleoside phosphoramidates. The reactions are one to two orders of magnitude faster than the corresponding reactions of uridine. In the presence of poly(C) or poly(dC) it is known that guanosine-5'-phosphorimidazolide does not condense efficiently or regiospecifically. However, the introduction of a methyl group at the 2-position of the imidazole ring leads to efficient synthesis of long 3'-5'-linked oligomers. The corresponding imidazole derivatives of 3'-amino-3'-deoxyguanosine-5'-phosphate both condense on these templates to give virtually identical families of products. Our results suggest that the intrinsically greater nucleophilicity of the amine groups will permit a much wider range of efficient template-directed syntheses with 3'-amino-3'-deoxynucleoside derivatives than with the corresponding derivatives of the parent nucleosides.
기능성 화장품의 정의와 동향 (1997)

세계의 화장품 개발방향은 소비자의 욕구와 다양화와 관련기술 등의 발달로 인하여 피부미화, 청결 등의 단순한 효능에서 이제 고기능, 다기능을 갖는 제품들의 개발로 변화되고 있다. 이러한 세계적인 추세에 따라 국제화된 국내시장에도 기능성 화장품이 수입 또는 제조되고 있으며 국내 소비자들도 이러한 제품을 선호하는 경향을 보이고 있으므로 이를 적정하게 규제하며 소비자를 보호하기 위하여 기능성 화장품의 정의가 필요하게 되었다. 정의설정을 위해 미국, EU, 일본 등의 화장품의 정의와 범위 등을 연구하고 실제 판매되고 있는 제품들을 참고하여 기능성 화장품을 정의하였다. 또, 이러한 화장품의 범위 등을 구체적으로 설정하고 이에 대한 규제동향 등을 제사하고자 한다.
Management of patients with fibromyalgia using biofeedback: A randomized control trial (2007)

Biofeedback as a treatment modality reduces pain in patients with FMS, along with improvements in FIQ, SMWT and the number of tender points.
Nitric oxide mediates mitogenic effect of VEGF on coronary venular endothelium (1996)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a secreted protein that is a specific growth factor for endothelial cells. We have recently demonstrated that nitric oxide (NO) donors and vasoactive peptides promoting NO-mediated vasorelaxation induce angiogenesis in vivo as well as endothelial cell growth and motility in vitro; in contrast, inhibitors of NO synthase suppress angiogenesis. In this study we investigated the role of NO in mediating the mitogenic effect of VEGF on cultured microvascular endothelium isolated from coronary postcapillary venules. VEGF induced a dose-dependent increase in cell proliferation and DNA synthesis. The role of NO was determined by monitoring proliferation or guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) levels in the presence and absence of NO synthase blockers. The proliferative effect evoked by VEGF was reduced by pretreatment of the cells with NO synthase inhibitors. Exposure of the cells to VEGF induced a significant increment in cGMP levels. This effect was potentiated by superoxide dismutase addition and was abolished by NO synthase inhibitors. VEGF stimulates proliferation of postcapillary endothelial cells through the production of NO and cGMP accumulation.
A luminescene method for the quantitative determination of phagocytosis of erythrocytes, of malaria‐parasitized eryithrocytes and of malarial pigment (1994)

A method is described for the quantitative measurement of phagocytosis of human erythrocytes, malaria-parasitized erythrocytes and isolated malarial pigment by adherent human monocytes. The method utilizes measurement of haem-elicited luminescence both for the assay of ingested haemoglobin or malarial pigment haem and for the quantification of adherent monocytes. The latter is based on assay of luminescence elicited by cytochrome haem. The method utilizes the same low-cost reagents and equipment for assay of ingested haem and for quantification of adherent monocytes. The method is fast and extremely sensitive. The lower sensitivity limit is 500 monocytes and 10 RBC, or RBC equivalents in the case of malarial pigment, per assay. A detailed protocol with full calculations of a typical phagocytosis experiment of oxidatively damaged RBC, malarial pigment and control RBS is presented.
Efficient implementation of sphere demodulation (2003)

We provide new results on the sphere demodulator (SD) and its new variant, the list sphere demodulator (LSD). A new reduced complexity SD algorithm is presented. We suggest implementing the necessary sorting of constellation symbols through a look up table. In addition, we propose the use of a modified QR algorithm which tries to begin the search in the layers which are "easier to demodulate". These improvements also apply to the recently published soft output LSD, in which we implement the list using the heap structure.
Does external ultrasound accelerate thrombolysis? Results from a rabbit model. (1994)

Although time to initial reflow was shortened by ultrasound, it was associated with less reperfusion and more reocclusion in this model. A possible explanation for these results is ultrasound-induced platelet activation counterbalancing its thrombolysis-accelerating effect.
Animal Models: Usefulness for Studies of Fungal Pathogenesis and Drug Efficacy in Aspergillosis (1992)

This review describes our experience during the past 8 years with an immunocompromised rabbit model of invasive aspergillosis. We have used the model to evaluate the efficacy of a variety of antifungal therapies, including amphotericin B-deoxycholate, a liposomal amphotericin B preparation, some of the newer azoles (i.e., fluconazole, saperconazole, and the experimental compound SCH 39304), and combination therapy with amphotericin B-deoxycholate plus fluconazole. The model provides a rigorous test of efficacy when animals receive a lethal challenge; permits studies of the kinetics of aspergillar antigenemia in response to therapy with each antifungal agent or regimen; allows comparison of the relation of antigenemia to the extent of disease in target organs; and is useful in correlating the timing of antifungal therapy with the success of treatment. These observations in our animal model may provide some insight into the treatment of invasive aspergillosis in humans.
Autologous satellite cell seeding improves in vivo biocompatibility of homologous muscle acellular matrix implants (2002)

Acellular matrix obtained from homologous muscular tissue has been previously used to repair muscular defects. However, the implants, although not rejected, give rise to an intense inflammatory response and are rapidly replaced by fibrous tissue. In this study we examined the possibility that co-culture with autologous satellite cells can improve the efficiency of homologous acellular matrix as skeletal muscle substitute. Satellite cells, isolated from rat dorsal muscle, were cultured in vitro on homologous acellular matrix obtained by detergent-enzymatic treatment of abdominal muscle fragments. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that after 24 h of co-culture satellite cells were attached to the matrix, but still possessed a round shape. After 96 h, seeded cells began to flatten and to differentiate, originating few multinucleated myotubes. Patches of homologous matrix, seeded or not with autologous satellite cells, were implanted in the dorsal muscle of rats. At autopsy, the implants were recovered and processed for light microscopy. Two weeks after surgery, fibrous tissue started to replace the grafts composed only by acellular matrix, which at the 4th week were transformed into a fibrous scar. In contrast, at both times post-surgery the structure of implants containing autologous satellite cells was well preserved. The inflammatory reaction was modest and fibrosis was confined to the periphery of the grafts. It is concluded that the presence of autologous satellite cells is an important factor to preserve the structural integrity and to improve in vivo biocompatibility of homologous muscular acellular matrix implants.
Polynomial weighted median filtering (2006)

This paper extends weighted median (WM) filters to the class of polynomial weighted median (PWM) filters. Traditional polynomial filtering theory, based on linear combinations of polynomial terms, is able to approximate important classes of nonlinear systems. The linear combination of polynomial terms, however, yields poor performance in environments characterized by heavy tailed distributions. Weighted median filters, in contrast, are well known for their outlier suppression and detail preservation properties. The weighted median sample selection methodology is naturally extended to the polynomial sample case, yielding a filter structure that exploits the higher order statistics of the observed samples while simultaneously being robust to outliers. Moreover, the PWM filter class is well motivated by an analysis of cross and square term statistics. A presented probability density function analysis shows that these terms have heavier tails than the observed samples, indicating that robust combination methods should be utilized to avoid undue influence of outliers. Further analysis shows weighted median processing of polynomial terms is justified from a maximum likelihood perspective. The established PWM filter class is statistically analyzed through the determination of the filter output distribution and breakdown probability. Filter parameter optimization procedures are also presented. Finally, the effectiveness of PWM filters is demonstrated through simulations that include temporal, spectrum, and bispectrum analysis.
Turning On Catalysis: Incorporation of a Hydrogen-Bond-Donating Squaramide Moiety into a Zr Metal–Organic Framework (2015)

Herein, we demonstrate that the incorporation of an acidic hydrogen-bond-donating squaramide moiety into a porous UiO-67 metal-organic framework (MOF) derivative leads to dramatic acceleration of the biorelevant Friedel-Crafts reaction between indole and β-nitrostyrene. In comparison, it is shown that free squaramide derivatives, not incorporated into MOF architectures, have no catalytic activity. Additionally, using the UiO-67 template, we were able to perform a direct comparison of catalytic activity with that of the less acidic urea-based analogue. This is the first demonstration of the functionalization of a heterogeneous framework with an acidic squaramide derivative.
The E2 trans-activator can act as a repressor by interfering with a cellular transcription factor. (1990)

The E2 open reading frame (ORF) of the bovine papillomavirus (BPV-1) encodes a family of site-specific DNA-binding proteins. The full-length protein is a transcriptional activator, whereas the polypeptides that contain only the carboxy-terminal domain are repressors. Here we show that the trans-activator can work as a repressor of transcription for one of the BPV-1 promoters by binding to a DNA sequence required for basal activity of the promoter. This operator site is defined as a 12-bp sequence that lies immediately downstream of the cap site. The operator DNA contains sequences that are defined genetically and biochemically as being important for basal level promoter activity. Furthermore, this site has been shown to be protected in a DNase footprint assay using fractionated HeLa cell extracts. The repression does not simply result from E2 blocking RNA polymerase initiation or elongation, because a strong E2-binding site placed at the operator has no repressive effect on transcription when the basal target sequence is placed independently upstream of the promoter. Thus, this is an interesting parallel to a theme well known in prokaryotes, where some site-specific DNA-binding proteins can work as either activators or repressors. In this system, as well as in the prokaryotic systems, the precise position of the binding site relative to other cis signals at the promoter determines the nature of the effects.
New and Efficient Lewis Acid Catalysts in Intramolecular Ene Reactions (1988)

The thermal or Lewis acid catalyzed intramolecular ene reaction of the Knoevenagel adduct 3 from citronellal and dimethyl malonate affords the two diastereoisomeric dimethyl (5-methyl-2-trans-isopropenylcyclohexyl)malonates 4a and 4b. Anhydrous iron(III) chloride on basic alumina proved to be the best catalyst giving, at - 78°C, the two diastereoisomers 4a and 4b in a ratio of 98.8:1.2 in 92% yield.
Multiagent and Particle Swarm Optimization for Ship Integrated Power System Network Reconfiguration (2014)

Ship integrated power system adopts electric power propulsion. Power network and electric power network are integrated into complicated one. Network reconfiguration of ship integrated power system is a typical nonlinear optimization that is multitarget and multiconstraint. According to the characteristics of ship integrated power system, simplified network model and reconfiguration mathematical model are established. A multiagent and particle swarm optimization is presented to solve network reconfiguration problem. The results of simulation show that multiagent and particle swarm optimization can reconfigure ship integrated power system efficiently.
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is an essential component of a self-enforcing loop coupling heterochromatin assembly to siRNA production (2004)

In fission yeast, factors involved in the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway including Argonaute, Dicer, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase are required for heterochromatin assembly at centromeric repeats and the silent mating-type region. Previously, we have shown that RNA-induced initiation of transcriptional gene silencing (RITS) complex containing the Argonaute protein and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) localizes to heterochromatic loci and collaborates with heterochromatin assembly factors via a self-enforcing RNAi loop mechanism to couple siRNA generation with heterochromatin formation. Here, we investigate the role of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (Rdp1) and its polymerase activity in the assembly of heterochromatin. We find that Rdp1, similar to RITS, localizes to all known heterochromatic loci, and its localization at centromeric repeats depends on components of RITS and Dicer as well as heterochromatin assembly factors including Clr4/Suv39h and Swi6/HP1 proteins. We show that a point mutation within the catalytic domain of Rdp1 abolished its RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity and resulted in the loss of transcriptional silencing and heterochromatin at centromeres, together with defects in mitotic chromosome segregation and telomere clustering. Moreover, the RITS complex in the rdp1 mutant does not contain siRNAs, and is delocalized from centromeres. These results not only implicate Rdp1 as an essential component of a self-enforcing RNAi loop but also ascribe a critical role for its RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity in siRNA production necessary for heterochromatin formation.
On designing improved controllers for AQM routers supporting TCP flows (2002)

In this paper we study a previously developed linearized model of TCP and active queue management (AQM). We use classical control system techniques to develop controllers well suited for the application. The controllers are shown to have better theoretical properties than the well known RED controller. We present guidelines for designing stable controllers subject to network parameters like load level propagation delay etc. We also present simple implementation techniques which require a minimal change to RED implementations. The performance of the controllers are verified and compared with RED using ns simulations. The second of our designs, the proportional integral (PI) controller is shown to outperform RED significantly.
Mesenchymal cells from adult kidney support angiogenesis and differentiate into multiple interstitial cell types including erythropoietin-producing fibroblasts (2006)

Mesenchymal cells have been isolated from embryos and multiple adult organs where they may differentiate into various connective tissue cell types and provide paracrine support for surrounding cells. With the use of a technique for culturing multipotent mesenchymal cells from adult tissues, a fibroblast-like cell clone (4E) was isolated from adult mouse kidney. 4E cells were able to differentiate along multiple mesodermal lineages including cell types located in the renal interstitium such as fibroblasts and pericytes. Coculture of 4E cells with ureteric bud and epithelial cell lines and analysis of resulting changes in gene expression revealed that these cells support angiogenesis and tubulogenesis and expressed genes characteristic of embryonic renal stromal cells. Following subcapsular injection after unilateral ischemia-reperfusion in adult mice, 4E cells migrated to a peritubular interstitial location and expressed interstitial cell markers, whereas cells injected in control kidneys remained stationary. Incubation in hypoxic or anoxic conditions resulted in erythropoietin expression in a small subset of ecto-5'-nucleotidase-positive cells and resulted in increased vascular endothelial growth factor expression in the same cell population. Our findings suggest that the adult kidney may contain interstitial mesenchymal cell progenitors with embryonic stromal cell characteristics that are able to provide paracrine support for surrounding vessels and tubular epithelial cells and differentiate into erythropoietin producing fibroblasts.
25% drive current improvement for p-type multiple gate FET (MuGFET) devices by the introduction of recessed Si/sub 0.8/Ge/sub 0.2/ in the source and drain regions. (2005)

This paper shows, for the first time, the successful introduction of recessed, strained Si/sub 0.8/Ge/sub 0.2/ in the source and drain regions of pMOS MuGFET devices, improving the on-state current of these devices by 25%, at a fixed off-state condition. The improvement is shown to be a combined effect of compressive stress introduced along the channel, and of a reduced series resistance.
An enhanced remote authentication scheme to mitigate man-in-the-browser attacks (2012)

Lately, the attacks on online banking and electronic commerce applications are on the rise. These attacks are targeting at the vulnerabilities found at the client-side of a client-server communication. Unfortunately, the traditional security mechanisms are not efficient enough in preventing these attacks. Man-in-the-browser attack is an example of such attacks. In this type of attack, an attacker tries to take advantage at the vulnerabilities caused by the client's browser extension. This attack is able to manipulate the information contained in a transaction without the user's consent. In this paper, an enhanced remote authentication protocol is proposed to mitigate the attack. Experiments were conducted in order to test the proposed protocol. From the experiments, it was found that the proposed protocol is able to mitigate the attack successfully.