gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Systematic approach to peak-to-average power ratio in OFDM</title> (2001)

OFDM multicarrier systems support high data rate wireless transmission using orthogonal frequency channels, and require no extensive equalization, yet offer excellent immunity against fading and inter-symbol interference. The major drawback of these systems is the large Peak-to-Average power Ratio (PAR) of the transmit signal, which renders a straightforward implementation very costly and inefficient. Existing approaches that attack this PAR issue are abundant, but no systematic framework or comparison between them exist to date. They sometimes even differ in the problem definition itself and consequently in the basic approach to follow. In this work, we provide a systematic approach that resolves this ambiguity and spans the existing PAR solutions. The basis of our framework is the observation that efficient system implementations require a reduced signal dynamic range. This range reduction can be modeled as a hard limiting, also referred to as clipping, where the extra distortion has to be considered as part of the total noise tradeoff. We illustrate that the different PAR solutions manipulate this tradeoff in alternative ways in order to improve the performance. Furthermore, we discuss and compare a broad range of such techniques and organize them into three classes: block coding, clip effect transformation and probabilistic.
Balancing Generality and Specificity in Document Management Systems. (1999)

This paper describes an experiment to extend the reach of the document-centric metaphors of computing to new physical and virtual objects in the workplace. By bringing these entities into the sphere of electronic documents, we leverage users’ knowledge and expectations about how documents work, and also leverage existing tools and applications that understand and manipulate documents. Being able to use generalpurpose tools on semantically-loaded content types can be useful, but there are potential pitfalls with the loss of the functionality provided by special-purpose applications. We investigate a solution to this problem that strikes a balance between generality and specificity by allowing application functionality and user interface components to be associated with the document and used by general-purpose applications that operate on that document.
Efficacy and Safety of Recombinant Human Activated Protein C for Severe Sepsis (2001)

Treatment with drotrecogin alfa activated significantly reduces mortality in patients with severe sepsis and may be associated with an increased risk of bleeding.
A Visual Data Hash Method (2004)

This report describes the Detector and Extractor of Fileprints (DEF) process for data protection and automatic file identification. The DEF process generates binary images from an arbitrary data file that are unique to the data file. These visual hashes, or fileprints as referred to herein, are based on spectral characteristics of the data. The DEF employs the patented Adjustable Bandwidth Concept Signal Energy Detector.
Overview of the Okapi projects (1997)

This paper gives a brief description of the Okapi projects and the work of the Centre for Interactive Systems research, as an introduction to this special issue of the Journal of Documentation. Okapi is the name given to an experimental text retrieval system (or rather, family of systems, as will be discussed below), based at City University, London. The current systems and their predecessors have been used as the basis for a series of projects, generally addressing aspects of user information‐seeking behaviour and user‐system interaction, as well as system design. The projects have been supported extensively by the British Library, and to some degree by a number of other funders. They have been at City since 1989; for the previous seven years they were based at the Polytechnic of Central London (now the University of Westminster). In order to give a picture of the system(s) that now constitute Okapi, it is appropriate to describe one version containing some of the features that have become central to the Okapi projects, and then to indicate the variety of systems now implemented or implementable within the present setup, as well as the directions it may go in the future. In what follows, papers in this issue are referred to by brief titles.
Role of Fibrinogen Conformation in Platelet Activation (2006)

Platelet adhesion and activation induced by fibrinogen (Fbg) coating on polysaccharide layers of hyaluronic acid (Hyal) and its sulfated derivative (HyalS) were analyzed. Hyal or HyalS was coated and grafted on the glass substrate using a photolithographic method. The Fbg coating was achieved by two different routes: the immobilization of Fbg by means of covalent bond to the polysaccharide layers and the mere adsorption of Fbg to Hyal and HyalS surfaces. Platelet adhesion and activation to the surfaces were evaluated using, respectively, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and quantifying the release of Platelet Factor 4 by ELISA. The method used for the coating of the surfaces with the Fbg influenced the platelet response. In fact, platelet adhesion and activation took place on surfaces covered by bound Fbg but not on those containing adsorbed Fbg. To explain this difference, the molecular mechanism involved in the Fbg--platelet interaction was investigated blocking platelet membrane receptors by monoclonal antibodies. Because the interaction between Fbg and the GPIIb/IIIa platelet membrane receptor was the only molecular pathway involved, Fbg conformation after the interaction (adsorption or binding) with the Hyal and the HyalS chains and the role of serum proteins adsorbed on the Fbg containing surfaces were accurately analyzed. Both adsorbed and bound Fbg prevented the adsorption of further serum proteins; consequently, a direct interaction between Fbg and platelets was supposed and the different platelet behavior was ascribed to the different conformational changes that occurred after the adsorption and the chemical binding of the Fbg to the Hyal and HyalS surfaces.
Telomerase activity in hepatocellular carcinoma and adjacent liver tissues (1998)

These results indicate that activation of telomerase may be required as a critical step in hepatocarcinogenesis and tumor development, and detection of telomerase activity with removal of contaminating leukocytes may be useful in the characterization or prognostication of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Large Piezoelectric Effect Induced by Direct Current Bias in PMN:PT Relaxor Ferroelectric Ceramics (1989)

The longitudinal piezoelectric effect induced by a direct current bias field was investigated in PMN:PT family of relaxor ferroelectric ceramics in the frequency range from 0. 1 Hz to 50 kHz. The piezoelectric d 33 coefficient was studied by measuring the strain induced by the applied electric field. Under the 10 kHz driving field, the large piezoelectric strain coefficient, d 33 , of 800 pC/N is obtained. The piezoelectric strain coefficient related dielectric and electrostrictive parameters were also studied under direct current bias and the d 33 coefficient was calculated by the equation d 33 =2 Q 11 P 3 ε 33 . The results are in good agreement with the directly measured ones. The dispersion of the piezoelectric effect is mainly due to the dielectric dispersion.
Ergotamine in the acute treatment of migraine: A review and European consensus (2000)

Ergotamine has been used in clinical practice for the acute treatment of migraine for over 50 years, but there has been little agreement on its place in clinical practice. An expert group from Europe reviewed the pre-clinical and clinical data on ergotamine as it relates to the treatment of migraine. From this review, specific suggestions for the patient groups and appropriate use of ergotamine have been agreed. In essence, ergotamine, from a medical perspective, is the drug of choice in a limited number of migraine sufferers who have infrequent or long duration headaches and are likely to comply with dosing restrictions. For most migraine sufferers requiring a specific anti-migraine treatment, a triptan is generally a better option from both an efficacy and side-effect perspective.
Quantification of adeno-associated virus particles and empty capsids by optical density measurement (2003)

We show here that UV absorbance of denatured adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector provides a simple, rapid, and direct method for quantifying vector genomes and capsid proteins in solution. We determined the molar extinction coefficients of capsid protein to be 3.72 x 10(6) M(-1) cm(-1) at 260 nm and 6.61 x 10(6) M(-1) cm(-1) at 280 nm. For recombinant AAV vectors, extinction coefficients can be calculated by including the predicted absorbance of the vector DNA. Since the amount of empty capsids in purified vector preparations lowers the A(260)/A(280) ratio in a predictable manner, the vector genome (vg) and capsid particle (cp) titers in purified AAV vector preparations can be calculated from the absorbance at 260 nm and the A(260)/A(280) ratio. To validate this method, the vg and cp titers calculated by UV absorbance were compared with titers determined by quantitative (Q)-PCR and capsid ELISA. The vg titers determined by absorbance agreed well with titers determined by Q-PCR. The cp/vg ratio determined by the A(260)/A(280) method also correlated well with those determined by AAV capsid ELISA in conjunction with Q-PCR. This new method provides a simple and rapid means to determine AAV vg titers and the ratio of empty to full particles in purified virus preparations.
Inhibiting Tumor Growth by Targeting Tumor Vasculature with Galectin-1 Antagonist Anginex Conjugated to the Cytotoxic Acylfulvene, 6-Hydroxylpropylacylfulvene (2009)

Targeted delivery of therapeutic drugs promises to become the norm to treat cancer. Here, we conjugated the cytotoxic agent 6-hydroxypropylacylfulvene (HPAF) to anginex, a peptide that targets galectin-1, which is highly expressed in endothelial cells of tumor vessels. In a human ovarian cancer model in mice, the conjugate inhibited tumor growth better than equivalent doses of either compound alone. Immunofluorescence on tumor tissue demonstrated that the conjugate, like parent anginex, selectively targeted tumor vasculature and inhibited tumor angiogenesis. Increased activity from the conjugate further suggests that HPAF retains at least some of its normal cytotoxic activity when linked to anginex. More importantly perhaps is the observation that the conjugate abrogates apparent systemic toxicity from treatment with HPAF. This work contributes to the development of tumor vascular targeting agents against cancer in the clinic.
As community nurses we must choose our own destiny (1998)

The review of The Regulation of Nurses, Midwives and Health Visitors Act 1997 is well underway, but its not too late to participate in this debate regarding the future shape of professional regulation. The consultative process does not close until 27 February 1998.
Electrical Impedance Scanning for the Early Detection of Breast Cancer in Young Women: Preliminary Results of a Multicenter Prospective Clinical Trial (2005)

EIS seems promising for early detection of breast cancer, and identification of young women at increased risk for having the disease at time of screening. Positive EIS-associated breast cancer risk compares favorably with relative risks of conditions commonly used to justify early breast cancer screening. Patients are satisfied with a screening paradigm involving breast EIS.
Atomic force microscopy of DNA in aqueous solutions (1993)

DNA on mica can be imaged in the atomic force microscope (AFM) in water or in some buffers if the sample has first been dehydrated thoroughly with propanol or by baking in vacuum and if the sample is imaged with a tip that has been deposited in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Without adequate dehydration or with an unmodified tip, the DNA is scraped off the substrate by AFM-imaging in aqueous solutions. The measured heights and widths of DNA are larger in aqueous solutions than in propanol. The measured lengths of DNA molecules are the same in propanol and in aqueous solutions and correspond to the base spacing for B-DNA, the hydrated form of DNA; when the DNA is again imaged in propanol after buffer, however, it shortens to the length expected for dehydrated A-DNA. Other results include the imaging of E. coli RNA polymerase bound to DNA in a propanol-water mixture and the observation that washing samples in the AFM is an effective way of disaggregating salt-DNA complexes. The ability to image DNA in aqueous solutions has potential applications for observing processes involving DNA in the AFM.
Gastric emptying of a non‐digestible solid: assessment with simultaneous SmartPill pH and pressure capsule, antroduodenal manometry, gastric emptying scintigraphy (2008)

Gastric emptying of digestible solids occurs after trituration of food particles. Non-digestible solids are thought to empty with phase III of the migrating motor complex (MMC). The aim of this study was to determine if a non-digestible capsule given with a meal empties from the stomach with return of the fasting phase III MMC or during the fed pattern with the solid meal. Fifteen normal subjects underwent antroduodenal manometry and ingestion of a radiolabelled meal and SmartPill wireless pH and pressure capsule. In five subjects, emptying of the SmartPill was studied in the fasting period by ingesting the SmartPill with radiolabelled water. The SmartPill emptied from the stomach within 6 h in 14 of 15 subjects. SmartPill pressure recordings showed high amplitude phasic contractions prior to emptying. SmartPill gastric residence time (261 +/- 22 min) correlated strongly with time to the first phase III MMC (239 +/- 23 min; r = 0.813; P < 0.01) and correlated moderately with solid-phase gastric emptying (r = 0.606 with T-50% and r = 0.565 with T-90%). Nine of 14 subjects emptied the capsule with a phase III MMC. In five subjects, the SmartPill emptied with isolated distal antral contractions. In five subjects ingesting only water, SmartPill gastric residence time (92 +/- 44 min) correlated with the time to the first phase III MMC (87 +/- 30 min; r = 0.979; P < 0.01). The non-digestible SmartPill given with a meal primarily empties from the stomach with the return of phase III MMCs occurring after emptying the solid-phase meal. However, in some subjects, the SmartPill emptied with isolated antral contractions, an unappreciated mechanism for emptying of a non-digestible solid.
Preferential rearrangement of developmentally regulated immunoglobulin VH1 genes in human B-lineage leukaemias. (1991)

Immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) variable region (VH) genes are rearranged and expressed in a programmed manner during B-cell development. In common with foetal/pre-immune B-cells, malignant B-lymphoid populations preferentially use a restricted repertoire of developmentally regulated VH genes. By nucleotide sequence analysis of polymerase chain reaction amplified IgH genes, we have compared the repertoire of VH1 family genes that are rearranged in mature, CD5+ B chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) with that in immature, CD5-B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). The results revealed a non-random pattern pf VH1 usage in which no single VH1 family member was common to each of these disease groups. The VH1 gene, 51P1, which underlies an auto-antibody associated cross-reactive idiotype, 'G6', frequently expressed on foetal B-cells, was preferentially rearranged in CLL (three of nine rearranged alleles). Another developmentally regulated VH1 gene, 20P3, accounted for more than half of the VH1 specific IgH gene rearrangements in ALL (five of nine VH1 alleles). Such developmentally restricted VH1 genes may distinguish discrete, although not necessarily exclusive, stages or compartments in B-lymphopoiesis from which each of these disease types arise.
Dynamic Contact Angle Measurement of Temperature-Responsive Surface Properties for Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Grafted Surfaces (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDynamic Contact Angle Measurement of Temperature-Responsive Surface Properties for Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Grafted SurfacesYoshiyuki G. Takei, Takashi Aoki, Kohei Sanui, Naoya Ogata, Yasuhisa Sakurai, and Teruo OkanoCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 21, 6163–6166Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00099a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00099a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3634Altmetric-Citations309LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Long-Acting Integrase Inhibitor Protects Macaques from Intrarectal Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus (2014)

GSK1265744 (GSK744) is an integrase strand-transfer inhibitor that has been formulated as a long-acting (LA) injectable suitable for monthly to quarterly clinical administration. GSK744 LA was administered at two time points 4 weeks apart beginning 1 week before virus administration, and macaques were challenged weekly for 8 weeks. GSK744 LA, at plasma concentrations achievable with quarterly injections in humans, protected all animals against repeated low-dose challenges. In a second experiment, macaques were given GSK744 LA 1 week before virus administration and challenged repeatedly until infection occurred. Protection decreased over time and correlated with the plasma drug levels. With a quarterly dosing schedule in humans, our results suggest that GSK744 LA could potentially decrease adherence problems associated with daily preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP).
Sequence and expression of the dCMP deaminase gene (DCD1) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1986)

The dCMP deaminase gene (DCD1) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been isolated by screening a Sau3A clone bank for complementation of the dUMP auxotrophy exhibited by dcd1 dmp1 haploids. Plasmid pDC3, containing a 7-kilobase (kb) Sau3A insert, restores dCMP deaminase activity to dcd1 mutants and leads to an average 17.5-fold overproduction of the enzyme in wild-type cells. The complementing activity of the plasmid was localized to a 4.2-kb PvuII restriction fragment within the Sau3A insert. Subcloning experiments demonstrated that a single HindIII restriction site within this fragment lies within the DCD1 gene. Subsequent DNA sequence analysis revealed a 936-nucleotide open reading frame encompassing this HindIII site. Disruption of the open reading frame by integrative transformation led to a loss of enzyme activity and confirmed that this region constitutes the dCMP deaminase gene. Northern analysis indicated that the DCD1 mRNA is a 1.15-kb poly(A)+ transcript. The 5' end of the transcript was mapped by primer extension and appears to exhibit heterogeneous termini. Comparison of the amino acid sequence of the T2 bacteriophage dCMP deaminase with that deduced for the yeast enzyme revealed a limited degree of homology which extends over the entire length of the phage polypeptide (188 amino acids) but is confined to the carboxy-terminal half of the yeast protein (312 amino acids). A potential dTTP-binding site in the yeast and phage enzymes was identified by comparison of homologous regions with the amino acid sequences of a variety of other dTTP-binding enzymes. Despite the role of dCMP deaminase in dTTP biosynthesis, Northern analysis revealed that the DCD1 gene is not subject to the same cell cycle-dependent pattern of transcription recently found for the yeast thymidylate synthetase gene (TMP1).
A survey of fault tolerant methodologies for FPGAs (2006)

A wide range of fault tolerance methods for FPGAs have been proposed. Approaches range from simple architectural redundancy to fully on-line adaptive implementations. The applications of these methods also differ; some are used only for manufacturing yield enhancement, while others can be used in-system. This survey attempts to provide an overview of the current state of the art for fault tolerance in FPGAs. It is assumed that faults have been previously detected and diagnosed; the methods presented are targeted towards tolerating the faults. A detailed description of each method is presented. Where applicable, the methods are compared using common metrics. Results are summarized to present a succinct, comprehensive comparison of the different approaches.
Circulating VEGF and its soluble receptors sVEGFR-1 and sVEGFR-2 in patients with acute leukemia. (2004)

Angiogenesis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acute leukemia, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a crucial, positive regulator of this process. The biological activity of VEGF is mediated by two different receptor tyrosine kinases: VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-1. The soluble form of VEGFR-1 is likely to be a negative regulator of VEGF availability, but the physiological role of sVEGFR-2 is still unclear. The plasma levels of sVEGFR-1 and sVEGFR-2 in patients with acute leukemia have not been investigated. We measured the plasma concentrations of VEGF and its two soluble receptors in 39 AML and 15 ALL patients as well as in the control group, using the ELISA assay. We also correlated the plasma levels of these proteins with disease status and known prognostic factors. The sVEGFR-1 level was significantly higher in patients with AML and ALL than in the healthy subjects (p < 0.002 and p < 0.03 respectively). The sVEGFR-2 level was significantly higher in AML patients compared with the control group (p < 0.03). The VEGF levels in AML and ALL patients and in healthy subjects did not differ significantly. The sVEGFR-1 level was higher in AML patients with > 50% of blasts in the bone marrow (BM), WBC > 20 G/L and elevated LDH level, than in the group with BM blasts < 50% (p < 0.01), WBC < 20 G/L (p < 0.02) and a normal LDH level (p < 0.05). Positive correlations between sVEGFR-1 level and WBC (p < 0.02),% of BM blasts (p < 0.05), the absolute blast count in peripheral blood (ABC) (p < 0.009) and LDH (p < 0.000001) were found. The sVEGFR-1/VEGF ratio (R1) was calculated, and a positive correlation between R1 and ABC in AML (p < 0.03) was determined. A higher (above median) sVEGFR-1/VEGF ratio correlated with a lower CR rate and a shorter survival (p < 0.03 and p = 0.0007 respectively). In conclusion, the plasma concentration of sVEGFR-1 is higher in leukemia patients than in healthy subjects and correlates with tumour burden and poor prognosis. The sVEGFR-1/VEGF ratio may be of greater prognostic value than VEGF alone. Further investigation is recommended to better determine their function.