gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Staphylococcus AureusRectal Carriage and its Association with Infections in Patients in a Surgical Intensive Care Unit and a Liver Transplant Unit (2002)

Rectal carriage represents an underappreciated reservoir for S. aureus in patients in the intensive care unit and liver transplant recipients. Rectal plus nasal carriage may portend a greater risk for S. aureus infections in these patients than currently realized.
Activation Method to Prepare a Highly Reactive Acylsulfonamide “Safety-Catch” Linker for Solid-Phase Synthesis1 (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTActivation Method to Prepare a Highly Reactive Acylsulfonamide "Safety-Catch" Linker for Solid-Phase Synthesis1Bradley J. Backes, Alex A. Virgilio, and Jonathan A. EllmanView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, California 94720 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 12, 3055–3056Publication Date (Web):March 27, 1996Publication History Received19 October 1995Published online27 March 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9535165https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9535165rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2611Altmetric-Citations225LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amides,Amines,Crystal cleavage,Organic polymers,Post-translational modification Get e-Alerts
The Thrombogram: Monitoring Thrombin Generation in Platelet Rich Plasma (2000)

A method is described in which thrombin activity in clotting plasma can be monitored through the continuous measurement of the fluorescent split-product of the substrate Z-Gly-Gly-Arg-AMC. The signal is not impaired by turbidity; therefore proper measurement is not disturbed by the occurrence of a clot or the presence of platelets and direct measurement in platelet rich plasma is possible.
Molecular photochemistry. XLVIII. Type I and type II photochemical reactions of some five- and six-membered cycloalkanones (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular photochemistry. XLVIII. Type I and type II photochemical reactions of some five- and six-membered cycloalkanonesJ. C. Dalton, K. Dawes, N. J. Turro, D. S. Weiss, J. A. Barltrop, and J. D. CoyleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 26, 7213–7221Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00755a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00755a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views294Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Immunology and Cell Biology publication of the year award 2008 (2009)

A small committee, consisting of the Editor-in-Chief of ICB, the current ASI President and a past President of ASI, selects the best eligible paper based on the sole criterion of scientific excellence. This year, I am pleased to announce that Dr Scott Byrne (pictured) was chosen by the committee as the winner of the 2008 ICB Publication of the Year Award. Dr Byrne's winning paper is entitled ‘TGFβ is responsible for skin tumour infiltration by macrophages enabling the tumours to escape immune destruction’ and was published in the January 2008 issue of ICB.1 There is increasing evidence from many laboratories that evasion of immune attack by the host's immune system is an important stage in tumour progression. In his award-winning paper, Dr Byrne and his colleagues show that, in the case of skin cancer, tumour growth factor (TGF)β-mediated recruitment of macrophages into tumours has a key role in immune escape, the cytokine being capable of converting a regressing tumour to a progressing tumour. Analysis of the tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) recruited by TGFβ revealed that they are highly phagocytic, poor at antigen presentation (based on major histocompatibility complex-II and CD86 expression) and are associated with a decreased number of tumour-infiltrating dendritic cells. The authors conclude that TGFβ-recruited TAMs dramatically reduce the ability of dendritic cells to present tumour-associated antigens to the immune system, and suggest that TGFβ represents a good target for cancer immunotherapy. Dr Byrne completed his PhD degree at the University of Sydney in 2002, part of his PhD studies forming the basis of his award-winning paper. He then worked at The MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, TX as a CJ Martin Research Fellow. There, he continued his studies, which commenced during his PhD, into the cellular mechanisms underlying ultraviolet-induced immunosuppression. He discovered that one mechanism by which ultraviolet causes immune suppression is through the activation of suppressor B cells in the lymph nodes draining the irradiated skin site. Currently Dr Byrne is a Cancer Institute NSW Senior Research Fellow and cellular immunologist at The University of Sydney. His research group is interested in analysing how the ultraviolet part of the solar spectrum alters the immune outcome in such a way that immune regulation or suppression occurs instead of immune activation. These studies are important because immune suppression is one of the main contributors to the development of skin cancer. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying ultraviolet-induced immune regulation is also important for the study of diseases such as autoimmune disorders and for the success of immunization strategies. There is no doubt that Dr Byrne's award-winning paper highlights the high standard of papers being published in ICB and, I hope, will encourage others to submit their outstanding research to the journal.
Caspase Activation Is Required for T Cell Proliferation (1999)

Triggering of Fas (CD95) by its ligand (FasL) rapidly induces cell death via recruitment of the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD), resulting in activation of a caspase cascade. It was thus surprising that T lymphocytes deficient in FADD were reported recently to be not only resistant to FasL-mediated apoptosis, but also defective in their proliferative capacity. This finding suggested potentially dual roles of cell growth and death for Fas and possibly other death receptors. We report here that CD3-induced proliferation and interleukin 2 production by human T cells are blocked by inhibitors of caspase activity. This is paralleled by rapid cleavage of caspase-8 after CD3 stimulation, but no detectable processing of caspase-3 during the same interval. The caspase contribution to T cell activation may occur via TCR-mediated upregulation of FasL, as Fas-Fc blocked T cell proliferation, whereas soluble FasL augmented CD3-induced proliferation. These findings extend the role of death receptors to the promotion of T cell growth in a caspase-dependent manner.
Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 Gene Expression Is Necessary for Fructose-mediated Induction of Lipogenic Gene Expression by Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Protein-1c-dependent and -independent Mechanisms (2004)

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) synthesizes oleate necessary for the biosynthesis of triglycerides and other lipids. Mice with a targeted disruption of the SCD1 gene are deficient in tissue oleate and have reduced expression of the sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) and its target genes. The SREBP-1c isoform is a known mediator of insulin action on hepatic gene expression, but its transcriptional effects due to glucose or fructose are still unclear. We found that fructose compared with glucose is a stronger inducer of SREBP-1c and lipogenic gene expression, causing a dramatic increase in hepatic triglyceride levels. However, when fed to the SCD1-/- mice, fructose failed to induce SREBP-1 or lipogenic genes and the triglyceride levels were not increased. Instead fructose feeding caused a decrease in hepatic glycogen and plasma glucose levels. The induction of SREBP-1 and lipogenic gene expression as well as the levels of liver triglycerides, glycogen, and plasma glucose was partially restored when the fructose diet was supplemented with very high levels of oleate (20% by weight) but not with palmitate, stearate, or linoleate. Fructose in a long term feeding induced the expression of SCD1 and that of other lipogenic genes in the liver of SREBP-1c-/- mice, and a further increase in expression of these genes occurred when the fructose diet was supplemented with oleate. Our observations demonstrated that oleate produced by SCD is necessary for fructose-mediated induction of lipogenic gene expression through SREBP-1c-dependent and -independent mechanisms and suggested that SCD1 gene expression is important in lipid and carbohydrate homeostasis.
Structure of the human gene and two rat cDNAs encoding the alpha chain of GTP-binding regulatory protein Go: two different mRNAs are generated by alternative splicing. (1991)

Go is a specific class ("other") of signal-transducing heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) that is expressed in high levels in mammalian brain. We have cloned two different rat cDNAs encoding the alpha subunit of Go (Go alpha-1 and Go alpha-2) and a human Go alpha chromosomal gene. The human Go alpha gene spans more than 100 kilobases and contains 11 exons, including one noncoding exon in the 3' flanking region. The 5' flanking region is highly G + C-rich and contains five G.C boxes (Sp1 binding sites) but no TATA box. Exons 7 and 8 coding for amino acid residues 242-354 of Go alpha protein are duplicated (referred to as exons 7A, 7B, 8A, and 8B). It was found that exons 7A and 8A code for Go alpha-1, and 7B and 8B code for Go alpha-2. This indicates that two different Go alpha mRNAs may be generated by alternative splicing of a single Go alpha gene. The splice sites of the Go alpha-1 and Go alpha-2 genes are completely identical with those encoding human inhibitory G protein alpha subunits Gi2 alpha and Gi3 alpha [Itoh, H., Toyama, R., Kozasa, T., Tsukamoto, T., Matsuoka, M. &amp; Kaziro, Y. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 6656-6664] and also transducin G protein alpha subunit Gt1 alpha [Raport, C. J., Dere, B. &amp; Hurley, J. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 7122-7128]. Sequence homology and conservation of the exon-intron organization indicate that the genes coding for Go alpha, Gi2 alpha, Gi3 alpha, Gt1 alpha, and probably Gi1 alpha may be evolved from a common progenitor. Like Go alpha-1, Go alpha-2 is expressed mainly in brain.
Myeloperoxidase Immunohistochemistry as a Measure of Disease Activity in Ulcerative Colitis: Association With Ulcerative Colitis-Colorectal Cancer, Tumor Necrosis Factor Polymorphism and RUNX3 Methylation (2011)

HDA is less sensitive than IHC and may underestimate inflammatory cell populations associated with UC-CRC. The epigenetic/genetic associations related to elevated MPO staining in UC-CRC may offer new methods for risk stratification and adjunctive screening tools.
Evaluation of published single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with acute GVHD (2012)

Candidate genetic associations with acute GVHD (aGVHD) were evaluated with the use of genotyped and imputed single-nucleotide polymorphism data from genome-wide scans of 1298 allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) donors and recipients. Of 40 previously reported candidate SNPs, 6 were successfully genotyped, and 10 were imputed and passed criteria for analysis. Patient and donor genotypes were assessed for association with grades IIb-IV and III-IV aGVHD, stratified by donor type, in univariate and multivariate allelic, recessive and dominant models. Use of imputed genotypes to replicate previous IL10 associations was validated. Similar to previous publications, the IL6 donor genotype for rs1800795 was associated with a 20%-50% increased risk for grade IIb-IV aGVHD after unrelated HCT in the allelic (adjusted P = .011) and recessive (adjusted P = .0013) models. The donor genotype was associated with a 60% increase in risk for grade III-IV aGVHD after related HCT (adjusted P = .028). Other associations were found for IL2, CTLA4, HPSE, and MTHFR but were inconsistent with original publications. These results illustrate the advantages of using imputed single-nucleotide polymorphism data in genetic analyses and demonstrate the importance of validation in genetic association studies.
Effects of Dilution, Polarization Ratio, and Energy Transfer on Photoalignment of Liquid Crystals Using Coumarin-Containing Polymer Films (2008)

Orientation of a nematic liquid crystal, E-7, was investigated using coumarin-containing polymethacrylates to elucidate the roles played by the dilution of coumarin and the polarization ratio of irradiation. Dilution of coumarin by inert moieties had adverse effects on a nematic cell’s number density of disclinations and its orientational order parameter in the parallel but not the perpendicular regime. In addition, both dilution of coumarin and a decreasing polarization ratio resulted in a lower extent of coumarin dimerization at crossover, Xc. The significantly reduced Xc in a homopolymer comprising triphenylamine and coumarin was attributed to the dilution of coumarin and the diminished polarization ratio caused by competing absorption with simultaneous triplet energy transfer from triphenylamine to coumarin moieties.
New game-changing product applications enabled by SOI (2015)

Summary form only given: GLOBALFOUNDRIES has positioned its technology offerings to provide a variety of innovative and game-changing applications enabled by SOI. The recent product launch of GLOBALFOUNDRIES' 22FDX technology is specifically designed to meet the ultra-low-power requirements of next generation of connected devices. The big advantage of this platform is its ability to provide software control at the transistor level through flexible body-biasing. The ability to provide real-time trade-offs between power and performance via software-controlled body-biasing of the transistor opens up entirely new doors for the designer. Current and future applications from wearables and beyond will be discussed as well as the future scalability of this exciting technology offering. RFSOI is also a critical enabler of technology, evolving in response to the continuously growing consumer demand for mobile data. Every mobile device needs an RF front-end-module to connect to the network, and mobile data must be delivered fast and accurately, with a high degree of quality for the user. With the transition from 2G/2.5G to 3G/4G cellular standards, while adopting long-term evolution (LTE) modulation to achieve faster and faster download speeds, GLOBALFOUNDRIES' RFSOI technology continues to meet the challenges driving RF front-end-module complexity, more complicated smartphone architecture, and tougher RF requirements. The benefits of device stacking, reduced parasitics, higher Q and lower loss enabled by SOI will be discussed, along with the merits of lower cost than III-V's, and readily available capacity enabled by mainstream silicon manufacturing methods. In summary, GLOBALFOUNDRIES' SOI offerings are uniquely poised to move, store, process, and analyze the data generated in this era of pervasive computing, providing the ability to connect a wider array of devices seamlessly via the right protocols and networks. The game-changing applications enabled by SOI are the confluence of technology, market dynamics, substrate supply, and ultra low power requirements, which will continue its dominance for decades to come.
Sulfated glycosaminoglycans: a common constituent of all amyloids? (1987)

In the present investigation, we analyzed whether sulfated glycosaminoglycans are a common constituent in many different types of amyloid. Serial sections of amyloidotic tissue were stained for the presence of: (a) amyloid by using Congo Red, and (b) glycosaminoglycans by using both the sodium sulfate Alcian blue method and Alcian blue, pH 5.7, with varying concentrations of magnesium chloride. Our results show that sulfated glycosaminoglycans are always associated anatomically with amyloid deposits regardless of the nature of the protein deposited. Sulfated glycosaminoglycans were found in tissues containing AA, AL, inherited cutaneous amyloid, and senile cardiac amyloid (prealbumin). Additionally, we provide evidence that sulfated glycosaminoglycans are closely associated with the amyloid of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (prothyrocalcitonin), and neuritic plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and congophilic angiopathy in Alzheimer's disease. It is postulated that these sulfated glycosaminoglycans can influence the folding of diverse proteins such that all forms of amyloid show a significant beta-pleated sheet component.
Handbook of Conducting Polymers, 2 Volume Set (2007)

Learn how recent advances are fueling new possibilities in textiles, optics, electronics, and biomedicine! As the field of conjugated, electrically conducting, and electroactive polymers has grown, the Handbook of Conducting Polymers has been there to document and celebrate these changes along the way. Now split into two vo
Electrochromic conjugated polyheterocycles and derivatives—highlights from the last decade towards realization of long lived aspirations (2011)

Polymer electrochromism has been considered one of the liveliest branches of conducting polymer research, a tradition continued in the last decade. We have witnessed numerous significant advances, making commercial applications closer than ever. This feature article highlights these advances by separating them into 3 sections. The material design section emphasizes the new molecular structures that have been utilized as electrochromic materials and their promising results. The color control of polymeric electrochromics section focuses on the recent achievements towards realization of full color electrochromic display devices, lastly the advances en route commercial applications section demonstrates how some of the major drawbacks towards commercialization have been successfully addressed.
Epigenetic factors and midbrain dopaminergic neurone development (1996)

In the mammalian brain dopamine systems play a central role in the control of movement, hormone release, emotional balance and reward. Alteration of dopaminergic neurotransmission is involved in Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders, as well as in some psychotic syndromes. This review summarises recent findings, which shed some light on signals and cellular interactions involved in the specification and maturation of the dopaminergic function during neurogenesis. In particular we will focus on three major issues: (1) the differentiation of dopaminergic neurones triggered by direct contact with the midbrain floor plate cells through the action of sonic hedgehog; (2) the neurotrophic factors acting on dopaminergic neurones; and (3) the role of target striatal cells on the survival and the axonal growth of developing or grafted dopaminergic neurones.
Chimeric Fv-ζ or Fv-ε receptors are not sufficient to induce activation or cytokine production in peripheral T cells (2000)

In current clinical trials, chimeric antibody-like receptors fused to signaling domains derived from TCR-zeta or Fc(epsilon)RIgamma-chain are tested for their ability to lyse tumor cells in vivo. In this study, the function of primary T cells expressing such receptors has been investigated in transgenic mice. These receptors cannot induce proliferation of resting T cells or trigger the production of optimal amounts of cytokines. It is further demonstrated that an initial low presence of cytokine message and protein is disappearing rather fast, whereas the triggering of endogenous TCR/CD3 in the same cells leads to normal prolonged cytokine production. The direct clinical relevance of these findings is further underlined by the increased in vivo tumor rejection by T cells expressing chimeric receptors in presence of exogenous interleukin-2. Therefore, adoptive T-cell therapy using primary T cells transfected with single chain receptors might benefit substantially from the accompanying administration of cytokines. (Blood. 2000;96:1999-2001)
ChemInform Abstract: ANALGESICS OF THE 6,14‐ETHENOMORPHINAN TYPE. 6‐DEOXY‐7α‐ORVINOL AND 6‐DEOXY‐8α‐ORVINOL (1985)

Abstract Ausgehend von Codeinon (I) wird das ö‐Desoxythebain (IV) dargestellt, das mit dem Keton (V) die Verbindung (VI) und drei weitere Cycloaddukte bildet.
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis-associated human papillomavirus 8: genomic sequence and comparative analysis (1986)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) 8 induces skin tumors which are at high risk for malignant conversion. The nucleotide sequence of HPV8 has been determined and compared to sequences of papillomaviruses with different oncogenic potential. The general organization of the HPV8 genome is similar to that of other types. Highly conserved, genus-specific sequences were found in open reading frames (ORFs) E1, E2, and L1. In ORFs E6, E7, and L2, HPV8 is more distantly related, but it was possible to differentiate subgenera in which HPV8 belonged to the HPV1-cottontail rabbit papillomavirus group. Sequences within ORF E4 and part of ORF L2 are rather type specific. HPV8 stands out by several unique features: the considerably reduced size of the noncoding region (397 base pairs), with a seemingly low potential for forming complex secondary structures; a cluster of putative promoter elements in the 3' half of ORF E1; an RNA polymerase III promoter-like sequence close to the C terminus of ORF E2; and of particular interest, the homology between the putative protein encoded by ORF E4 and the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 protein, which may reflect similar mechanisms in virus-mediated transformation.