gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antisense-based RNA therapy of factor V deficiency: in vitro and ex vivo rescue of a F5 deep-intronic splicing mutation (2013)

Antisense molecules are emerging as a powerful tool to correct splicing defects. Recently, we identified a homozygous deep-intronic mutation (F5 c.1296+268A>G) activating a cryptic donor splice site in a patient with severe coagulation factor V (FV) deficiency and life-threatening bleeding episodes. Here, we assessed the ability of 2 mutation-specific antisense molecules (a morpholino oligonucleotide [MO] and an engineered U7 small nuclear RNA [snRNA]) to correct this splicing defect. COS-1 and HepG2 cells transfected with a F5 minigene construct containing the patient's mutation expressed aberrant messenger RNA (mRNA) in excess of normal mRNA. Treatment with mutation-specific antisense MO (1-5 µM) or a construct expressing antisense U7snRNA (0.25-2 µg) dose-dependently increased the relative amount of correctly spliced mRNA by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude, whereas control MO and U7snRNA were ineffective. Patient-derived megakaryocytes obtained by differentiation of circulating progenitor cells did not express FV, but became positive for FV at immunofluorescence staining after administration of antisense MO or U7snRNA. However, treatment adversely affected cell viability, mainly because of the transfection reagents used to deliver the antisense molecules. Our data provide in vitro and ex vivo proof of principle for the efficacy of RNA therapy in severe FV deficiency, but additional cytotoxicity studies are warranted.
RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications (2003)

This memorandum describes RTP, the real-time transport protocol. RTP provides end-to-end network transport functions suitable for applications transmitting real-time data, such as audio, video or simulation data, over multicast or unicast network services. RTP does not address resource reservation and does not guarantee quality-of-service for real-time services. The data transport is augmented by a control protocol (RTCP) to allow monitoring of the data delivery in a manner scalable to large multicast networks, and to provide minimal control and identification functionality. RTP and RTCP are designed to be independent of the underlying transport and network layers. The protocol supports the use of RTP-level translators and mixers.
A Random Sequential Mechanism of Aminoglycoside Acetylation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Eis Protein (2014)

An important cause of bacterial resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics is the enzymatic acetylation of their amino groups by acetyltransferases, which abolishes their binding to and inhibition of the bacterial ribosome. Enhanced intracellular survival (Eis) protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt) is one of such acetyltransferases, whose upregulation was recently established as a cause of resistance to aminoglycosides in clinical cases of drug-resistant tuberculosis. The mechanism of aminoglycoside acetylation by MtEis is not completely understood. A systematic analysis of steady-state kinetics of acetylation of kanamycin A and neomycin B by Eis as a function of concentrations of these aminoglycosides and the acetyl donor, acetyl coenzyme A, reveals that MtEis employs a random-sequential bisubstrate mechanism of acetylation and yields the values of the kinetic parameters of this mechanism. The implications of these mechanistic properties for the design of inhibitors of Eis and other aminoglycoside acetyltransferases are discussed.
Prolonged release Matrix Pellets Prepared by Melt Pelletization I. Process Variables (1993)

A melt pelletization process was investigated in an 8 litre laboratory scale high shear mixer using a formulation with paracetamol, glyceryl monostearate 40–50, and microcrystalline wax. The effects of jacket temperature, product temperature during massing, product load, massing time and impeller speed were investigated by means of factorially designed experiments. The maximum yield of pellets in the range of 500–1400μm was found to approx. 90%. For process conditions preventing deposition of moist mass, the process was found to be reproducible. Impeller speed and massing time were found to be important process variables. Remarkably low in vitro drug release rates were observed in USP-dissolution tests.
A textbook of physical chemistry (1973)

A Textbook of Physical Chemistry, Second Edition serves as an introductory text to physical chemistry. Topics covered range from wave mechanics and chemical bonding to molecular spectroscopy and photochemistry; ideal and nonideal gases; the three laws of thermodynamics; thermochemistry; and solutions of nonelectrolytes. The kinetics of gas-phase reactions; colloids and macromolecules; and nuclear chemistry and radiochemistry are also discussed. This edition is comprised of 22 chapters; the first of which introduces the reader to the behavior of ideal and nonideal gases, with particular emphasis on the van der Waals equation. The discussion then turns to the kinetic molecular theory of gases and the application of the Boltzmann principle to the treatment of molar polarization; dipole and magnetic moments; the phenomenology of light absorption; and classical and statistical thermodynamics. The chapters that follow focus on the traditional sequence of chemical and phase equilibria, electrochemistry, and chemical kinetics in gas phase and solution phase. This book also considers wave mechanics and its applications; molecular spectroscopy and photochemistry; and the excited state, and then concludes with an analysis of crystal structure, colloid and polymer chemistry, and radio and nuclear chemistry. This reference material is intended primarily as an introductory text for students of physical chemistry.
A molecular light switch for DNA: Ru(bpy)2(dppz)2+ (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA molecular light switch for DNA: Ru(bpy)2(dppz)2+Alan E. Friedman, Jean Claude Chambron, Jean Pierre Sauvage, Nicholas J. Turro, and Jacqueline K. BartonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 12, 4960–4962Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00168a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00168a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6618Altmetric-Citations1251LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A transient three-plasmid expression system for the production of high titer retroviral vectors (1995)

We have constructed a series of MLV-based retroviral vectors and packaging components expressed from the CMV promoter and carried on plasmids containing SV40 origins of replication. These two features greatly enhanced retroviral gene expression when introduced into cell lines carrying the SV40 large T antigen. The two packaging components, gag-pol and env, were placed on separate plasmids to reduce helper virus formation. Using a highly transfectable human cell line and sodium butyrate to further increase expression of each component, we achieved helper-free viral stocks of approximately 10(7) infectious units/ml by 48 h after transient co-transfection with the three plasmid components. This system can be used both for the generation of high titer retroviral stocks for transduction and for the rapid screening of a large number of MLV gag-pol or env mutants.
Derivation of a generalized Fowler–Nordheim equation for nanoscopic field-emitters (2015)

In this paper, we derive analytically from first principles a generalized Fowler–Nordheim (FN) type equation that takes into account the curvature of a nanoscopic emitter and is generally applicable to any emitter shape provided that the emitter is a good conductor and no field-dependent changes in emitter geometry occur. The traditional FN equation is shown to be a limiting case of our equation in the limit of emitters of large radii of curvature R. Experimental confirmation of the validity of our equation is given by the data of three different groups. Upon applying our equation to experimental FN plots complying with the above limitations, one may deduce (i) R and (ii) standard field emission parameters—e.g. enhancement factor—with better accuracy than by using the FN equation.
Experimental results with two wireless power transfer systems (2009)

This paper describes two wireless power transfer systems. The Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform (WISP) is a platform for sensing and computation that is powered and read by a commercial off-the-shelf UHF (915 MHz) RFID reader. WISPs are small sensor devices that consume on the order of 2 uW to 2 mW, and can be operated at distances of up to several meters from the reader. The second system harvests VHF or UHF energy from TV towers, with power available depending on range and broadcast transmit power. We report on an experiment in which 60 uW is harvested at a range of about 4 km.
CAGS Clinical Practice Committee report: the science of Clostridium difficile and surgery (2013)

Clostridium difficile is emerging as a major infectious disease threat worldwide. The incidence of C. difficile infection (CDI) has exponentially increased globally, and the profile of patients at risk has changed in the past decade.[1][1] Severe CDI outbreaks due to new, hypervirulent strains have
Input evaluation of an eye-gaze-guided interface (2009)

This paper evaluates the input performance capabilities of Velocity Threshold (I-VT) and Kalman Filter (I-KF) eye movement detection models when employed for eye-gaze-guided interface control. I-VT is a common eye movement identification model employed by the eye tracking community, but it is neither robust nor capable of handling high levels of noise present in the eye position data. Previous research implies that use of a Kalman filter reduces the noise in the eye movement signal and predicts the signal during brief eye movement failures, but the actual performance of I-KF was never evaluated. We evaluated the performance of I-VT and I-KF models using guidelines for ISO 9241 Part 9 standard, which is designed for evaluation of non keyboard/mouse input devices with emphasis on performance, comfort, and effort. Two applications were implemented for the experiment: 1) an accuracy test 2) a photo viewing application specifically designed for eye-gaze-guided control. Twenty-one subjects participated in the evaluation of both models completing a series of tasks. The results indicates that I-KF allowed participants to complete more tasks with shorter completion time while providing higher general comfort, accuracy and operation speeds with easier target selection than the I-VT model. We feel that these results are especially important to the engineers of new assistive technologies and interfaces that employ eye-tracking technology in their design.
Performance of computer-aided detection of pulmonary nodules in low-dose CT: comparison with double reading by nodule volume (2012)

• Computer-aided detection (CAD) has known advantages for computed tomography (CT). • Combined CAD/nodule size cut-off parameters assist CT lung cancer screening. • This combination improves the sensitivity of pulmonary nodule detection by CT. • It increases the positive predictive value for cancer detection.
A perspective of low-voltage circuit breaker interrupting rating (2000)

This paper reviews application of all three types of low-voltage circuit breakers for three-phase fault interrupting duty by reference to the circuit breaker's interrupting requirement and rating. After a discussion of the rating process for circuit breaker design and the fault-current evaluation process for circuit breaker application, it then considers the effect of the erroneous assumption that the load-side bolted fault interrupting let-through current of all circuit breakers is equal to the calculated line-side prospective fault current.
Incidence of Paratuberculosis after Vaccination againstM. paratuberculosisin Two Infected Dairy Herds (1994)

Vaccination against paratuberculosis of all newborn animals has been performed since April 1984 in two dairy herds with a high incidence of clinical cases of paratuberculosis, using a vaccine containing heat-inactivated M. paratuberculosis in a water/mineral oil emulsion. Animals slaughtered between April 1984 and January 1991 were included in the study. Histology, bacterioscopy and culture on Smith and modified Löwenstein-Jensen media were performed using jejunum, ileum and draining lymph nodes. The animals present on the farm in April 1984 constituted a retrospective non-vaccinated group, giving an indication of the initial infection rate. After vaccination, the percentage of animals culled for clinical paratuberculosis decreased significantly (7.8 to 1.8%; P < 0.005), as did the percentage of animals with positive histology (11.8% to 5%). The incidence of infected animals, defined by positive results in histology and or bacterioscopy and/or culture, however, increased from 21.8% to 25.9%.
Adhesion of Antibody-Functionalized Polymersomes (2006)

Polymersomes are vesicles made from synthetic block copolymers. The adhesiveness of micron-sized polymersomes, functionalized with antibodies that bind to vascular cell adhesion molecules, which could be useful for vascular targeting, was measured. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is an endothelial cell adhesion molecule whose expression increases during inflammatory disease, and is therefore a natural target for vascular delivery. We functionalized polymersomes with an anti-ICAM-1 antibody, using modular biotin-avidin chemistry. Micropipet aspiration was used to confirm specific adhesion and measure the adhesion strength between an anti-ICAM-1-coated polymersome and an ICAM-1-coated polystyrene microsphere at various surface densities of adhesion molecules. The adhesion is kinetically trapped, and adhesion strength is quantified by the critical tension for detachment. The adhesion strength increases in proportion to the surface density of anti-ICAM-1 molecules, in contrast to results seen previously when measuring adhesion between biotinylated vesicles and avidin-coated beads (Lin et al. Langmuir 2004, 20, 5493). The difference in dependence on the density of functional groups is likely due to the molecular presentation at the vesicle surface; in the current study, the presentation of biotinylated anti-ICAM-1 on a layer of avidin leads to the effective presentation of the anti-ICAM-1 and, thus, a monotonic increase in adhesiveness with antibody density.
Formation constrained multi-agent control (2001)

We propose a model independent coordination strategy for multi-agent formation control. The main theorem states that under a bounded tracking error assumption, our method stabilizes the formation error. We illustrate the usefulness of the method by applying it to rigid body constrained motions.
Free‐solution electrophoresis of DNA modified with drag‐tags at both ends (2006)

In end-labeled free-solution electrophoresis (ELFSE), DNA molecules are labeled with a frictional modifier or "drag-tag", allowing their size-based electrophoretic separation in free solution. Among the interesting observations from early work with dsDNA using streptavidin as a drag-tag was that the drag induced by including a streptavidin label at both ends was significantly more than double that from a single streptavidin (Heller, C. et al.., J. Chromatogr. A 1998, 806, 113-121). This finding was assumed to be in error, and subsequent work focused on experiments in which only a single drag-tag is appended to one end of the DNA molecule. Recent theoretical work (McCormick, L. C., Slater, G. W., Electrophoresis 2005, 26, 1659-1667) has examined the contribution of end-effects to the free-solution electrophoretic mobility of charged-uncharged polymer conjugates, reopening the question of enhanced drag from placing a drag-tag at both ends. In this study, this effect is investigated experimentally, using custom-synthesized ssDNA oligonucleotides allowing the attachment of drag-tags to one or both ends, as well as dsDNA PCR products generated with primers appropriate for the attachment of drag-tags at one or both ends. A range of sizes of drag-tags are used, including synthetic polypeptoid drag-tags as well as genetically engineered protein polymer drag-tags. The enhanced drag arising from labeling both ends has been confirmed, with 6-9% additional drag for the ssDNA and 10-23% additional drag for the dsDNA arising from labeling both ends than would be expected from simply doubling the size of the drag-tag at one end. The experimental results for ssDNA labeled at both ends are compared to the predictions of the recent theory of end-effects, with reasonably good quantitative agreement. These experimental findings demonstrate the feasibility of enhancing ELFSE separations by labeling both ends of the DNA molecule, leading to greater resolving power and a wider range of applications for this technique.
Identifying Positives within a Negative Self-Image: What Might Low Self-Esteem Individuals Bring to Romantic Relationships? (2017)

Although low self-esteem (LSE) refers to possessing primarily negative self-views, individuals with low self-esteem (LSEs) may have specific self-views that are positive. In the context of romantic relationships, LSEs often engage in destructive relationship behaviours, such as devaluing their partners and frequently checking for signs of rejection. However, there is evidence that romantic relationships can positively influence LSEs, as these relationships provide access to ongoing positive social feedback and emotional support. This article reviews literature surrounding the relationship between self-esteem and romantic relationships in order to understand how LSEs may perceive themselves as adding value to their romantic relationships. Based on the findings from the literature review, LSEs may value their (a) perceived attentiveness to relationship obstacles, (b) avoidance of conflict, (c) unique behaviours that increase partner dependence, and (d) traits that are shared with romantic partners. The paper calls for empirical work on this topic, including identifying other traits that LSEs perceive as valuable, understanding what LSEs’ partners value about them, and tracking changes in LSEs’ self-views over the course of a relationship. Possible practical applications of these findings include the development of new interventions to improve self-esteem and relationship quality by building on LSEs’ perceived positive qualities.
南北合作(对话)对世界经济和国际政治的重要性 (1983)

一、体制上的落后 要理解为何需要建立国际经济新秩序,就必须了解业已改变的国际关系结构,因为后者导致了规则和体制的落后。任何一种与不发达国家发展问题有关的世界秩序都必须具备三(或四)种功能。(1)必须至少在一个国家中产生国际收支盈余;(2)必须建立金融机
Recent advances in Sonogashira reactions (2011)

The coupling of aryl or vinyl halides with terminal acetylenes catalysed by palladium and other transition metals, commonly termed as Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction, is one of the most important and widely used sp(2)-sp carbon-carbon bond formation reactions in organic synthesis, frequently employed in the synthesis of natural products, biologically active molecules, heterocycles, molecular electronics, dendrimers and conjugated polymers or nanostructures. This critical review focuses on developments in the Sonogashira reaction achieved in recent years concerning catalysts, reaction conditions and substrates (352 references).
IL–1β protein in human skin lymph does not discriminate allergic from irritant contact dermatitis (1996)

Recent data suggest a key rôle for IL-1 beta in the induction phase of allergic contact dermatitis. In the present study, the protein levels of IL-1 beta were measured in skin lymph derived from normal untreated skin as well as from irritant and allergic (induction and elicitation phase) contact dermatitis. IL-1 beta increased in the course of both types of contact dermatitis, displaying the highest levels in irritant CD. Using a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, low signal strength of IL-1 beta mRNA was demonstrated in lymph cells derived from normal skin and allergic CD. In lymph cells collected 2 x daily during the induction phase of allergic contact dermatitis, no upregulation of the IL-1 beta mRNA signal was found. Isolated CD1a+ lymph cells derived from normal skin as well as from the induction and elicitation phase of allergic contact dermatitis did not express IL-1 beta mRNA. Our results demonstrate that in human skin lymph, the IL-1 beta profiles do not discriminate between irritant and allergic contact dermatitis and that besides resident epidermal and dermal cells, circulating lymph cells may also contribute to IL-1 beta protein production.
Distance Perception of Stereoscopically Presented Virtual Objects Optically Superimposed on Physical Objects by a Head-Mounted See-Through Display (1994)

The influence of physically presented background stimuli on distance judgements to optically overlaid, stereoscopic virtual images has been studied using head-mounted stereoscopic, virtual image displays. Positioning of an opaque physical object either at the perceived depth of the virtual image or at a position substantially in front of it, has been observed to cause the virtual image to apparently move closer to the observer. In the case of physical objects positioned substantially in front of the virtual image, subjects often perceive the opaque object as transparent. Evidence is presented that the apparent change of position caused by interposition of the physical object is not influenced by the strengthening of occlusion cues but is influenced by motion of the physical objects which would attract the subjects ocular vergence. The observed effect appears to be associated with the relative conspicuousness of the overlaid virtual image and the background. This effect may be related to Foley's models of open-loop stereoscopic pointing errors which attributed the stereoscopic distance errors to misjudgment of a reference point for interpretation of retinal disparities. Some implications for the design of see-through displays for manufacturing will also be discussed briefly.