gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Perspective for Climate Change Mitigation—Introducing Carbon-Negative Hydrogen Production from Biomass with Carbon Capture and Storage (HyBECCS) (2021)

The greatest lever for advancing climate adaptation and mitigation is the defossilization of energy systems. A key opportunity to replace fossil fuels across sectors is the use of renewable hydrogen. In this context, the main political and social push is currently on climate neutral hydrogen (H2) production through electrolysis using renewable electricity. Another climate neutral possibility that has recently gained importance is biohydrogen production from biogenic residual and waste materials. This paper introduces for the first time a novel concept for the production of hydrogen with net negative emissions. The derived concept combines biohydrogen production using biotechnological or thermochemical processes with carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage. Various process combinations referred to this basic approach are defined as HyBECCS (Hydrogen Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage) and described in this paper. The technical principles and resulting advantages of the novel concept are systematically derived and compared with other Negative Emission Technologies (NET). These include the high concentration and purity of the CO2 to be captured compared to Direct Air Carbon Capture (DAC) and Post-combustion Carbon Capture (PCC) as well as the emission-free use of hydrogen resulting in a higher possible CO2 capture rate compared to hydrocarbon-based biofuels generated with Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) technologies. Further, the role of carbon-negative hydrogen in future energy systems is analyzed, taking into account key societal and technological drivers against the background of climate adaptation and mitigation. For this purpose, taking the example of the Federal Republic of Germany, the ecological impacts are estimated, and an economic assessment is made. For the production and use of carbon-negative hydrogen, a saving potential of 8.49–17.06 MtCO2,eq/a is estimated for the year 2030 in Germany. The production costs for carbon-negative hydrogen would have to be below 4.30 € per kg in a worst-case scenario and below 10.44 € in a best-case scenario in order to be competitive in Germany, taking into account hydrogen market forecasts.
A Propionate-Inducible Expression System for Enteric Bacteria (2005)

A series of new expression vectors (pPro) have been constructed for the regulated expression of genes in Escherichia coli. The pPro vectors contain the prpBCDE promoter (P(prpB)) responsible for expression of the propionate catabolic genes (prpBCDE) and prpR encoding the positive regulator of this promoter. The efficiency and regulatory properties of the prpR-P(prpB) system were measured by placing the gene encoding the green fluorescent protein (gfp) under the control of the inducible P(prpB) of E. coli. This system provides homogenous expression in individual cells, highly regulatable expression over a wide range of propionate concentrations, and strong expression (maximal 1,500-fold induction) at high propionate concentrations. Since the prpBCDE promoter has CAP-dependent activation, the prpR-P(prpB) system exhibited negligible basal expression by addition of glucose to the medium.
Text analysis for ontology and terminology engineering (2005)

After a recent breakthrough in the early 90's, text analysis is acknowledged as one of the promising ways to rapidly build better grounded semantic resources such as terminologies and ontologies. This domain has recently undergone significant evolutions with a massive reference to machine learning algorithms and information extraction techniques together with linguistic- and statistic-based natural language processing. This position paper promotes three main ideas: (i) that highly domain-specific or task-specific, even idiosyncratic ontologies, are very useful, especially when they are linked to broader consensual schemes and they can be built with reasonable effort; (ii) that corpus-based ontologies can capture the perspective of a domain; and (iii) that supervised ontology learning from text makes feasible the development of specialized ontologies adapted for specific uses. We propose the establishment of an inventory of tools for building ontologies from text, give a first classification of such tools, and present an initial review of some recent methods and tools.
Role of Aldose Reductase and Oxidative Damage in Diabetes and the Consequent Potential for Therapeutic Options (2005)

Aldose reductase (AR) is widely expressed aldehyde-metabolizing enzyme. The reduction of glucose by the AR-catalyzed polyol pathway has been linked to the development of secondary diabetic complications. Although treatment with AR inhibitors has been shown to prevent tissue injury in animal models of diabetes, the clinical efficacy of these drugs remains to be established. Recent studies suggest that glucose may be an incidental substrate of AR, which appears to be more adept in catalyzing the reduction of a wide range of aldehydes generated from lipid peroxidation. Moreover, inhibition of the enzyme has been shown to increase inflammation-induced vascular oxidative stress and prevent myocardial protection associated with the late phase of ischemic preconditioning. On the basis of these studies, several investigators have ascribed an important antioxidant role to the enzyme. Additionally, ongoing work indicates that AR is a critical component of intracellular signaling, and inhibition of the enzyme prevents high glucose-, cytokine-, or growth factor-induced activation of protein kinase C and nuclear factor-kappa-binding protein. Thus, treatment with AR inhibitors prevents vascular smooth muscle cell growth and endothelial cell apoptosis in culture and inflammation and restenosis in vivo. Additional studies indicate that the antioxidant and signaling roles of AR are interlinked and that AR regulates protein kinase C and nuclear factor-kappaB via redox-sensitive mechanisms. These data underscore the need for reevaluating anti-AR interventions for the treatment of diabetic complications. Potentially, the development of newer drugs that selectively inhibit AR-mediated glucose metabolism and signaling, without affecting aldehyde detoxification, may be useful in preventing inflammation associated with the development of diabetic complications, particularly micro- and macrovascular diseases.
Task-space tracking with redundant manipulators (1987)

A controller for redundant manipulators with a small fast manipulator mounted on a positioning part has been developed. The controller distributes the fast motion to the small fast manipulator and the slow gross motion to the positioning part. A position reference is generated on-line to the positioning part to avoid singularities and the loss of degrees of freedom. The task-space position vector is augmented by the generalized coordinates of the positioning part. Feedback linearization and decoupling are then applied in the augmented task space to obtain a model consisting of decoupled double integrators. These decoupled double integrators are controlled by the use of linear quadratic optimal control. In the optimal control problem the performance index is chosen so that the task-space position reference is tracked with a high bandwidth while the reference to the positioning part is tracked with a low bandwidth. The controller has been applied to a simple planar redundant manipulator and an eight-link spray painting robot in simulation experiments. These simulations showed that a high bandwidth was possible with moderate actuator torques.
Evaluation of Pancreatic Exocrine Function and Zinc Absorption in Alcoholism. (1998)

Zinc absorption in alcoholism was studied by a combination of zinc tolerance tests in 382 male patients with alcoholism (more than 140 g/day of ethanol) who had alcohol-induced disease of the liver or pancreas. In study 1, the serum zinc level was measured in all patients, and serum zinc and fecal chymotrypsin levels were compared in various disease groups. In study 2, 14 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC), 15 with chronic pancreatitis (CP), 7 with LC + CP, and 7 controls underwent oral zinc tolerance and zinc dipicolinate tolerance tests, zinc absorption and disorders of pancreatic exocrine functions were examined. In study 1, the serum zinc concentration was significantly lower in the CP and LC groups than in the control group, and the fecal chymotrypsin activity was significantly lower in the CP than in the control groups. In study 2, during the oral zinc tolerance test, the serum zinc concentration 3 hours after administration was significantly lower in the LC, CP and LC + CP groups than in the control group. In these groups, the serum zinc concentration was significantly lower in the abnormal fecal chymotrypsin group than in the control group at 2 and 3 hours after administration of zinc sulfate. In the oral zinc dipicolinate tolerance test, the serum zinc levels 2 and 3 hours after administration were significantly elevated in the control and all disease groups; there were no significant differences between the control and each disease group. These results suggest that reduction of pancreatic exocrine functions by alcohol and chronic reduction of synthesis of ligands such as picolinic acid in the liver are involved in the reduction of serum zinc in alcoholism.
Erythropoietin Promotes Functional Recovery and Enhances Nerve Regeneration after Peripheral Nerve Injury in Rats (2009)

Our results demonstrated that EPO is able to enhance nerve regeneration and promote functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury in the rat, suggesting the potential clinical application of EPO for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury in humans.
Synthesis of 11-phenyl-5,6-dihydro-11H -dibenz(b,e)azepine Derivatives (1981)

Abrtmct --A simple synthesis of a new type of dibenz(b,e)azepine having basic ride chain i i r described.A series o f dibenrazepiner hoving baric ride choinr l , 2 and 3 have been kmwn or useful prychotropic drugs.'However, 1 I-phenyl-5,6-dihydm-11H-dibenz(b,e)ozepiner 4h.r r o t been reported i n literature.Hoping to find unique CNS activity f o r 5 we readily ryntheriredQar follows.Chart 1The method for obtaining 4 (R = H) conrirtr of two rtepr from N-bemylaniliner?: i) exclusive ortho hydroxybenrylation of 2 into 2-amimbenzylbenzhydmlr 6 using boron trichloride and benroldehyde i n the presence of triethylamine2 and ii) subsequent cyclization of 6 to $(R = H) by treatment with conc.sulfuric acid.Namely, crude & (17.2 g,oil) obtained easily from& by our reported war treated i n dichlommethane (25 ml) with conc.rulfuric acid (17.2 ml) at mom temperature for 0.5 h.Boric (potorium carbonate-ice) workup, extmction with dichlommethone and concentmtion gove & (mp 195-198'C, CH2C12-CHIOH, 83% bored o n 50).6 could be obtained i n a rirnilor way (mp 195-196°C, CH2CI2-CH30H, 86% bared on &).& war pre-pared by treatment of crude & (1 .23 g, oil) with conc.sulfuric acid (0.4 ml) i n acetic acid (2 ml) for 4 h at mom temperature (mp 215-218°C, CH2C12-CHIOH, 48% bared o n k 3 ) .The m r t clear spectral proof for the References * Dedicated to Prof. T.
CGRP and migraine: neurogenic inflammation revisited (2005)

For more than a century neurogenic inflammation has been proposed to have a role in various human diseases. The present review will cover the conceptual steps of the itinerary that has led to the conclusion that neurogenic inflammation is important in migraine. Of particular relevance for the object of this article is the observation that tachykin-independent neurogenic inflammatory responses are evident in rodents, but much less pronounced or absent in other mammal species, including man, whereas neurogenic vasodilatation, most likely mediated by CGRP, occurs in most mammalian species and also in man. Recent evidence that a CGRP receptor antagonist was effective in the treatment of migraine attack supports the hypothesis that neurogenic vasodilatation is a major underlying mechanism of migraine.
Identification of Functional Elements and Regulatory Circuits by Drosophila modENCODE (2010)

To gain insight into how genomic information is translated into cellular and developmental programs, the Drosophila model organism Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (modENCODE) project is comprehensively mapping transcripts, histone modifications, chromosomal proteins, transcription factors, replication proteins and intermediates, and nucleosome properties across a developmental time course and in multiple cell lines. We have generated more than 700 data sets and discovered protein-coding, noncoding, RNA regulatory, replication, and chromatin elements, more than tripling the annotated portion of the Drosophila genome. Correlated activity patterns of these elements reveal a functional regulatory network, which predicts putative new functions for genes, reveals stage- and tissue-specific regulators, and enables gene-expression prediction. Our results provide a foundation for directed experimental and computational studies in Drosophila and related species and also a model for systematic data integration toward comprehensive genomic and functional annotation.
A Sampler of Circuit Switching Networks (1979)

This overview presents several different types of circuit switching networks: concentrators, connectors, expanders, partitioners, SIMD interconnectors, and sorters.
Indoor localization using FM radio signals: A fingerprinting approach (2011)

Indoor positioning has become highly important because of the failure of GPS in such areas. Many Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) indoor localization studies use the fingerprinting technique. In this study, a new positioning system is proposed based on broadcast FM as a signal of opportunity, with significant benefits for indoor positioning. This localization system uses FM signal strength fingerprinting. The deterministic approach of fingerprinting is considered, and several algorithms are compared. The results demonstrate a minimum mean distance error of 2.96m for the K-Weighted Nearest Neighbors (KWNN) algorithm with K=6. The comparison between using fingerprinting for FM and Wi-Fi is also discussed.
Quantitative and reproducible murine model of excisional wound healing (2004)

The goal of animal wound healing models is to replicate human physiology and predict therapeutic outcomes. There is currently no model of wound healing in rodents that closely parallels human wound healing. Rodents are attractive candidates for wound healing studies because of their availability, low cost, and ease of handling. However, rodent models have been criticized because the major mechanism of wound closure is contraction, whereas in humans reepithelialization and granulation tissue formation are the major mechanisms involved. This article describes a novel model of wound healing in mice utilizing wound splinting that is accurate, reproducible, minimizes wound contraction, and allows wound healing to occur through the processes of granulation and reepithelialization. Our results show that splinted wounds have an increased amount of granulation tissue deposition as compared to controls, but the rate of reepithelialization is not affected. Thus, this model eliminates wound contraction and allows rodents' wounds to heal by epithelialization and granulation tissue formation. Given these analogies to human wound healing, we believe that this technique is a useful model for the study of wound healing mechanisms and for the evaluation of new therapeutic modalities.
Targeting autophagy potentiates tyrosine kinase inhibitor–induced cell death in Philadelphia chromosome–positive cells, including primary CML stem cells (2009)

Imatinib mesylate (IM), a potent inhibitor of the BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase, has become standard first-line therapy for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), but the frequency of resistance increases in advancing stages of disease. Elimination of BCR/ABL-dependent intracellular signals triggers apoptosis, but it is unclear whether this activates additional cell survival and/or death pathways. We have shown here that IM induces autophagy in CML blast crisis cell lines, CML primary cells, and p210BCR/ABL-expressing myeloid precursor cells. IM-induced autophagy did not involve c-Abl or Bcl-2 activity but was associated with ER stress and was suppressed by depletion of intracellular Ca2+, suggesting it is mechanistically nonoverlapping with IM-induced apoptosis. We further demonstrated that suppression of autophagy using either pharmacological inhibitors or RNA interference of essential autophagy genes enhanced cell death induced by IM in cell lines and primary CML cells. Critically, the combination of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), i.e., IM, nilotinib, or dasatinib, with inhibitors of autophagy resulted in near complete elimination of phenotypically and functionally defined CML stem cells. Together, these findings suggest that autophagy inhibitors may enhance the therapeutic effects of TKIs in the treatment of CML.
Temporal control of gene expression in transgenic mice by a tetracycline-responsive promoter. (1994)

Promoters whose temporal activity can be directly manipulated in transgenic animals provide a tool for the study of gene functions in vivo. We have evaluated a tetracycline-responsive binary system for its ability to temporally control gene expression in transgenic mice. In this system, a tetracycline-controlled trans-activator protein (tTA), composed of the repressor of the tetracycline-resistance operon (tet from Escherichia coli transposon Tn10) and the activating domain of viral protein VP16 of herpes simplex virus, induces transcription from a minimal promoter (PhCMV*-1; see below) fused to seven tet operator sequences in the absence of tetracycline but not in its presence. Transgenic mice were generated that carried either a luciferase or a beta-galactosidase reporter gene under the control of PhCMV*-1 or a transgene containing the tTA coding sequence under the control of the human cytomegalovirus immediate early gene 1 (hCMV IE1) promoter/enhancer. Whereas little luciferase or beta-galactosidase activity was observed in tissues of mice carrying only the reporter genes, the presence of tTA in double-transgenic mice induced expression of the reporter genes up to several thousand-fold. This induction was abrogated to basal levels upon administration of tetracycline. These findings can be used, for example, to design dominant gain-of-function experiments in which temporal control of transgene expression is required.
TELOMERE LENGTH REGULATION (1996)

Telomeres are the components of chromosome ends that provide stability and allow the complete replication of the ends. Telomere length is maintained by a balance between processes that lengthen and those that shorten telomeres. Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein polymerase that specifically elongates telomeres. In human cells telomere length is not maintained and telomerase is not active in some tissues. In tumors, however, telomerase is active and may be required for the growth of cancer cells. Thus understanding telomerase and telomere length regulation may help us understand tumor progression. Evidence from various organisms suggests that several factors influence telomere length regulation, such as telomere binding proteins, telomere capping proteins, telomerase, and DNA replication enzymes. Understanding how these factors interact to coordinate the regulation of telomere length will allow a more complete understanding of telomere function in the cell.
Genetic dissection of protein–protein interactions in multi-tRNA synthetase complex (1999)

Cytoplasmic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases of higher eukaryotes acquired extra peptides in the course of their evolution. It has been thought that these appendices are related to the occurrence of the multiprotein complex consisting of at least eight different tRNA synthetase polypeptides. This complex is believed to be a signature feature of metazoans. In this study, we used multiple sequence alignments to infer the locations of the peptide appendices from human cytoplasmic tRNA synthetases found in the multisynthetase complex. The selected peptide appendices ranged from 22 aa of aspartyl-tRNA synthetase to 267 aa of methionyl-tRNA synthetase. We then made genetic constructions to investigate interactions between all 64 combinations of these peptides that were individually fused to nonsynthetase test proteins. The analyses identified 11 (10 heterologous and 1 homologous) interactions. The six peptide-dependent interactions paralleled what had been detected by crosslinking methods applied to the isolated multisynthetase complex. Thus, small peptide appendices seem to link together different synthetases into a complex. In addition, five interacting pairs that had not been detected previously were suggested from the observed peptide-dependent complexes.
Amino Acid Properties and Consequences of Substitutions (2003)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Protein Features Relevant to Amino Acid Behaviour Amino Acid Classifications Properties of the Amino Acids Amino Acid Quick Reference Studies of How Mutations Affect Function A Summary of the Thought Process References Appendix: Tools
CAMPATH: from concept to clinic (2005)

Lymphocyte depletion has a long history in the area of therapeutic immunosuppression. CAMPATH-1H (alemtuzumab) was generated in an attempt to replace anti-lymphocyte globulins in the transplant arena. Its efficacy in killing lymphocytes has established it as a licensed drug for the management of chronic lymphocyte leukaemia. Short-term therapy with alemtuzumab has demonstrated long-term benefit in a number of autoimmune conditions. This drug has the potential to facilitate recruitment of tolerance processes so enabling drug minimization in transplantation, autoimmune and hypersensitivity diseases.
Antibiotic therapy for cat-scratch disease: clinical study of therapeutic outcome in 268 patients and a review of the literature. (1992)

During 24 months in an uncontrolled, retrospective study of 268 patients with cat-scratch disease (CSD), 202 were treated with 18 different antimicrobial agents. Criteria for antibiotic effectiveness were established. One or two antibiotics were taken separately for at least 3 to 5 days by 202 patients with CSD. Outcome was determined by follow-up examinations and telephone. Effectiveness of antibiotic therapy was based upon 3 or more days of therapy and clinical improvement of the patient with absence of and/or a decrease in malaise, fatigue, fever, headache, anorexia, lymphadenopathy and, in 90 patients, a declining or normal sedimentation rate. Of 18 different antimicrobials prescribed, 14 commonly used antibiotics were judged to be of little or no value in treatment of CSD. Four antimicrobials were efficacious. Efficacy of the three oral drugs in decreasing order was: rifampin 87%, ciprofloxacin 84%, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 58%. Gentamicin sulfate intramuscular was 73% effective. Antibiotic therapy can be considered for patients with severe cat scratch disease. Conservative, symptomatic treatment is recommended for the majority of patients with mild or moderate CSD.