gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antigenic analysis of Chlamydiae by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis. II. A trachoma-LGV-specific antigen. (1975)

Two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis was utilized to study precipitins in hyperimmune rabbit serum made against chlamydiae and from patients with chlamydial infections. An antigen of Triton X-100-solubilized L2/434/Bu organisms with an electrophoretic mobility of 0.65 relative to bovine serum albumin at pH 8.6 was excised from the agarose gel of electrophorograms as antigen-antibody complexes and used to immunize rabbits. A monospecific antiserum to antigen 0.65 was obtained that reacted with Trachoma-LGV strains L2/434/Bu, B/TW-5/OT, and K/UW-31/Cx, but not with the mouse pneumonitis (Nigg) strain or the psittacosis strain meningopneumonitis (Cal-10). The Trachoma-LGV specificity of antigen 0.65 was further shown by indirect immunofluorescence straining with the monospecific antiserum of chlamydial inclusions in infected HeLa cells. Precipitins with a specificity for antigen 0.65 were indentified in 15 of 18 sera from patients with diagnosed Chlamydia trachomatis infections LGV, trachoma, nongonococcal urethritis, and nongonococcal cervicitis by using monospecific antiserum to antigen 0.65 in the peak suppression test. Thus, antigen 0.65 appears to be a Trachoma-LGV-specific antigen that has considerable promise for serodiagnosis.
Rearrangement of the BCL-2 Gene in Follicular Lymphoma (1993)

Rearrangement of the BCL-2 gene is the molecular consequence of the t(14;18) chromosomal translocation, which is found in approximately 60-90% of follicular lymphomas. To investigate the ability of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect this rearrangement in fixed-tissue samples, we studied 48 cases of follicular lymphoma using DNA extracted from paired samples of fresh-frozen tissue and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. A standard phenol-chloroform DNA extraction method was used for both types of tissue. Rearrangements of the major breakpoint region (MBR) and minor cluster sequence (MCS) were examined. Three segments of the human beta-globin gene were also amplified to estimate the degree of DNA degradation in the fixed-tissue samples. PCR of fresh-tissue (intact) DNA revealed amplifiable products in 29 of the 48 follicular lymphomas (60%), whereas the fixed-tissue (degraded) DNA studies were positive in 24 (50%). MBR products were detected in 24 fresh-tissue samples, and varied from 80 bp to > 1.5 kb. Twenty of these cases yielded MBR products in the corresponding fixed-tissue DNA, ranging from 80 to 276 bp. Five fresh-tissue and four fixed-tissue samples produced MCS segments that ranged from 340 bp to 1.2 kb. Four of the five samples with no detectable MBR or MCS translocations using degraded DNA had products greater than 1.0 kb in the fresh-tissue studies. A 175-bp segment of the beta-globin gene was amplified in all 29 fixed-tissue samples; a 324 bp fragment was produced in 20 samples (69%), and a 676 bp segment was detected in 13 (45%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
d(TG)n·d(CA)nsequences upstream of the rat prolactin gene form Z-DNA and inhibit gene transcription (1990)

Two alternating purine-pyrimidine sequences of the d(TG)n.d(CA)n-type (170bp and 60 bp in length) lie upstream of the rat prolactin (rPRL) gene. Conformational studies of plasmids containing these sequences indicate that both form left-handed (Z) DNA, with transitions initiating at superhelical densities of -0.041 and -0.044 respectively. These alternating purine-pyrimidine (APP) sequences are hypersensitive to cleavage with S1 nuclease both at the boundaries and within these APP repeats, where there is a loss in APP alternation. We have investigated the function of one of these Z-DNA sequences in the regulation of rPRL transcription, by linking regions of the 5' flanking sequence of the rPRL gene to a reporter gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), and transferring these plasmids into GH3 pituitary tumour cell lines. The major conclusion from these studies is that the 170bp repeat exerts a negative effect on the transcription of the rPRL gene, and also down-regulates the expression of the fusion gene pRSVcat when cloned 50bp upstream of the Rous sarcoma virus promoter. However, despite its proximity to an estrogen response element in prolactin, this sequence does not affect the responsiveness of the rPRL gene to estrogen.
Identification of High-Potency Human TLR8 and Dual TLR7/TLR8 Agonists in Pyrimidine-2,4-diamines (2017)

The induction of toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)-dependent type I interferons (IFN-α/β) from plasmacytoid dendritic cells as well as the production of TLR8-dependent type II interferon (IFN-γ), TNF-α, and IL-12 in myeloid dendritic cells are of importance in generating T helper-1 biased adaptive immune responses. In an effort to identify novel dual TLR7/TLR8-active compounds, we undertook structure-activity relationship studies in pyrimidine 2,4-diamines, focusing on substituents at C5. Several analogues substituted with aminopropyl appendages at C5 displayed dominant TLR8-agonistic activity. N<sup>4</sup>-Butyl-6-methyl-5-(3-morpholinopropyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine was found to be a very potent dual TLR7/TLR8 agonist. Employing novel cytokine reporter cell assays, we verified that potency at TLR7 correlates with IFN-α/β production in human blood, whereas IFN-γ and TNF-α induction is largely TLR8-dependent. Dual TLR7/TLR8 agonists markedly upregulate CD80 expression in multiple dendritic cell subsets, providing insight into the immunological basis for the superior adjuvantic properties of such innate immune stimuli.
Rituximab plus Lenalidomide in Advanced Untreated Follicular Lymphoma (2018)

Among patients with previously untreated follicular lymphoma, efficacy results were similar with rituximab plus lenalidomide and rituximab plus chemotherapy (with both regimens followed by rituximab maintenance therapy). The safety profile differed in the two groups. (Funded by Celgene; RELEVANCE ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT01476787 and NCT01650701 , and EudraCT number, 2011-002792-42 .).
Optical Sensor-Based Oxygen Tension Measurements Correspond with Hypoxia Marker Binding in Three Human Tumor Xenograft Lines (2000)

Hypoxia has a negative effect on the outcome of radiotherapy and surgery and is also related to an increased incidence of distant metastasis. In this study, tumor pO(2) measurements using a newly developed time-resolved luminescence-based optical sensor (OxyLitetrade mark) were compared with bioreductive hypoxia marker binding (pimonidazole). Single pO(2) measurements per tumor were compared to hypoxia marker binding in tissue sections using image analysis. Both assays were performed in the same tumors of three human tumor lines grown as xenografts. Both assays demonstrated statistically significant differences in the oxygenation status of the three tumor lines. There was also a good correlation between hypoxia marker binding and the pO(2) measurements with the OxyLitetrade mark device. A limitation of the OxyLitetrade mark system is that it is not yet suited for sampling multiple sites in one tumor. An important strength is that continuous measurements can be taken at the same position and dynamic information on the oxygenation status of tumors can be obtained. The high spatial resolution of the hypoxia marker binding method can complement the limitations of the OxyLitetrade mark system. In the future, a bioreductive hypoxic cell marker for global assessment of tumor hypoxia may be combined with analysis of temporal changes in pO(2) with the OxyLitetrade mark to study the effects of oxygenation-modifying treatment on an individual basis.
The effect of antiestrogen, antiandrogen, and the prolactin inhibitor 2 bromo-alpha-ergocriptine on the stromal tissue of human benign prostatic hyperplasia. Correlation of stereological data and plasma hormones. (1981)

In an attempt to shed light on the action of endogenous androgens and estrogens on the stromal tissue of the human prostate, we studied the effect of selective androgen (cyproterone acetate), estrogen (tamoxifen), and prolactin (bromocriptine) antagonists. The application of cyproterone acetate led to a reduced relative volumetric amount of the smooth muscle cell organelles, whereas the administration of tamoxifen effected no alteration as compared to pretreatment values. The administration of bromocriptine led to further activation of the smooth muscle cells in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Hormones, such as leutinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, testosterone, 17-beta-estradiol, and prolactin were measured to assess alterations of the pituitary gonadal axis.
The untranslated leader sequence of the barleylipoxygenase 1(Lox1) gene confers embryo‐specific expression (1998)

The barley lipoxygenase 1 (Lox1) gene encodes a protein expressed in embryos during grain development and germination and in leaves after methyl-jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. Transient gene expression assays in germinating barley embryos were used to identify cis-regulatory elements involved in the embryo-specific expression of the Lox1 gene. Analysis of transcriptional or translational fusions between Lox1 5' upstream sequences and the gusA reporter gene indicated that the 5'-untranslated leader sequence was involved in embryo-specific expression. Replacement of the leader sequence from the aleurone-specific Chi26 gene with the Lox1 leader sequence resulted in a chimeric gene expressed at high levels in embryo as well as in aleurone cells. Insertion of the Lox1 leader sequence between the 35S minimum promoter (A domain -90/+8) and the gusA reporter gene greatly enhanced promoter activity in a tissue-specific manner. Deletion/replacement analysis of the Lox1 leader sequence, combined with transient expression in germinating embryos and in vitro transcription/translation assays, suggests that the Lox1 leader sequence contains cis-elements regulating qualitative (tissue-specific) and quantitative gene expression.
Shear stress induced stimulation of mammalian cell metabolism (1988)

A flow apparatus has been developed for the study of the metabolic response of anchorage-dependent cells to a wide range of steady and pulsatile shear stresses under well-controlled conditions. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers were subjected to steady shear stresses of up to 24 dynes/cm(2), and the production of prostacyclin was determined. The onset of flow led to a burst in prostacyclin production which decayed to a long term steady state rate (SSR). The SSR of cells exposed to flow was greater than the basal release level, and increased linearly with increasing shear stress. This study demonstrates that shear stress in certain ranges may not be detrimental to mammalian cell metabolism. In fact, throughout the range of shear stresses studied, metabolite production is maximized by maximizing shear stress.
Potential antitumor agents. X. Bisquaternary salts (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotential antitumor agents. X. Bisquaternary saltsBruce F. Cain, G. J. Atwell, and Ralph N. SeelyeCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1969, 12, 2, 199–206Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00302a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00302a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views160Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Wireless power transfer to deep-tissue microimplants (2014)

The ability to implant electronic systems in the human body has led to many medical advances. Progress in semiconductor technology paved the way for devices at the scale of a millimeter or less ("microimplants"), but the miniaturization of the power source remains challenging. Although wireless powering has been demonstrated, energy transfer beyond superficial depths in tissue has so far been limited by large coils (at least a centimeter in diameter) unsuitable for a microimplant. Here, we show that this limitation can be overcome by a method, termed midfield powering, to create a high-energy density region deep in tissue inside of which the power-harvesting structure can be made extremely small. Unlike conventional near-field (inductively coupled) coils, for which coupling is limited by exponential field decay, a patterned metal plate is used to induce spatially confined and adaptive energy transport through propagating modes in tissue. We use this method to power a microimplant (2 mm, 70 mg) capable of closed-chest wireless control of the heart that is orders of magnitude smaller than conventional pacemakers. With exposure levels below human safety thresholds, milliwatt levels of power can be transferred to a deep-tissue (>5 cm) microimplant for both complex electronic function and physiological stimulation. The approach developed here should enable new generations of implantable systems that can be integrated into the body at minimal cost and risk.
A clustering based algorithm for network intrusion detection (2012)

The secure information transmission is very important in the present scenario. Many intrusion detection system (IDS) have been developed in recent past which are based on either signature information or anomaly information. But all these systems do generate a lot of false detections. In this work a hybrid IDS is being proposed which uses the signature and anomaly information together. The proposed algorithm first explore those traffic features which are changing during an intrusion activity and then based on a predefined threshold value the most prominent features related to attack are identified. Thereafter, these features are included in snort rule set to detect the anomalous traffic. This anomaly detection process is combined with existing signature of snort to produce the better detection. The proposed detection algorithm has been implemented on KDDcup99 dataset. It is observed through experimental results that the proposed algorithm efficiently detect the intrusion activity in the given network.
Electronic and Optical Properties of Chemically Modified Metal Nanoparticles and Molecularly Bridged Nanoparticle Arrays (2000)

Nanometer-sized metal particles (e.g., gold and silver) are certain to be important fundamental building blocks of future nanoscale electronic and optical devices. However, there are numerous challenges and questions which must be addressed before nanoparticle technologies can be implemented successfully. For example, basic capping ligand chemistrynanoparticle electronic function relationships must be addressed in greater detail. New methods for assembling nanoparticles together into higher-order arrays with more complex electronic functions are also required. This review highlights our recent progress toward characterizing electron transport in gold nanoparticles as a function of capping ligand charge state. These studies have shown that single electron tunneling energies can be manipulated predictably via pH-induced charge changes of surface-bound thiol capping ligands. We also show that rigid phenylacetylene molecules are useful bridges for assembling gold and silver nanoparticles into arrays of two, three, and four particles with psuedo D∞h, D3h, and Td symmetries. These nanoparticle “molecules” interact electromagnetically in a manner qualitatively consistent with dipole coupling models.
The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of glucosamine hydrochloride and chondroitin sulfate after oral and intravenous single dose administration in the horse (2004)

This study provides the first report of the bioavailability of orally administered GL and LMWCS in the horse.
Slicer: auto-sharding for datacenter applications (2016)

Sharding is a fundamental building block of large-scale applications, but most have their own custom, ad-hoc implementations. Our goal is to make sharding as easily reusable as a filesystem or lock manager. Slicer is Google's general purpose sharding service. It monitors signals such as load hotspots and server health to dynamically shard work over a set of servers. Its goals are to maintain high availability and reduce load imbalance while minimizing churn from moved work.In this paper, we describe Slicer's design and implementation. Slicer has the consistency and global optimization of a centralized sharder while approaching the high availability, scalability, and low latency of systems that make local decisions. It achieves this by separating concerns: a reliable data plane forwards requests, and a smart control plane makes load-balancing decisions off the critical path. Slicer's small but powerful API has proven useful and easy to adopt in dozens of Google applications. It is used to allocate resources for web service front-ends, coalesce writes to increase storage bandwidth, and increase the efficiency of a web cache. It currently handles 2-7M req/s of production traffic. The median production Slicer-managed workload uses 63% fewer resources than it would with static sharding.
Increased proteasome degradation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 is associated with a decreased overall survival in mantle cell lymphoma (2000)

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive neoplasm characterized by the deregulated expression of cyclin D1 by t(11;14). The molecular mechanisms responsible for MCL's clinical behavior remain unclear. The authors have investigated the expression of p53, E2F-1, and the CDK inhibitors p27 and p21 in 110 MCLs, relating their expression to proliferative activity (Ki-67). For comparison, they have similarly analyzed low-grade (12 MALT, 16 CLL/SLL) and high-grade (19 DLCL) lymphomas. p53 was detected more frequently in large-cell MCL (l-MCL; 5 of 7) than in classical MCL (s-MCL; 13 of 103) and DLCL (8 of 19). In MCL and DLCL, the percentage of E2F-1+ nuclei was high, correlating with high Ki-67 expression. Most MCLs (91 of 112) and DLCLs (12 of 19) showed a loss of p27; MALT and CLL/SLL, however, were p27 positive. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and in vitro protein degradation assays demonstrated that MCLs have normal p27 mRNA expression but increased p27 protein degradation activity via the proteasome pathway. Correlation of MCL p53 and p27 expression with clinical data showed an association between reduced overall survival rates and the overexpression of p53 (P =.001), the loss of p27 (P =. 002), or both. Loss of p27 identified patients with a worse clinical outcome among p53 negative cases (P =.002). These findings demonstrated that MCL has a distinct cell cycle protein expression similar to that of high-grade lymphoma. The loss of p27 and the overexpression of p53 in MCL are prognostic markers that identify patients at high risk. The demonstration that low levels of p27 in MCL result from enhanced proteasome-mediated degradation should encourage additional clinical trials. (Blood. 2000;95:619-626) (Blood. 2000;95:619-626)
Bacterial Biofilms: An Emerging Link to Disease Pathogenesis (2003)

The role of biofilms in the pathogenesis of some chronic human infections is now widely accepted. However, the criteria used to determine whether a given infection is caused by biofilms remain unclear. In this chapter we discuss three infections that are caused by biofilms--infectious kidney stones, bacterial endocarditis, and cystic fibrosis lung infections--and focus on the role of the biofilm in disease pathogenesis. Biofilms are also important as environmental reservoirs for pathogens, and the biofilm growth mode may provide organisms with survival advantages in natural environments and increase their virulence. The consequences of pathogens living in environmental biofilms and an analysis of some specific environmental biofilm systems are presented.
Angular acceleration measurement: a review (1998)

This paper gives a review of sensors, methods, and algorithms available for the measurement of angular acceleration. The emphasis is in delay-sensitive real-time applications. Although the angular acceleration can be measured indirectly using either a rotating angle sensor or a velocity sensor, the noise-amplification problem related to the differentiation process has motivated the efforts to develop transducers for direct sensing of angular acceleration. Direct measuring of linear acceleration is in wide everyday use, but the angular acceleration sensors, particularly those with unlimited rotation angle, can still be considered as emerging devices. Consequently, there exist two principal challenges for the research and development community: to develop economical and accurate angular accelerometers with unlimited rotation range and to create wideband indirect techniques with small lag and high signal-to-error ratio.
A Comparative Evaluation of Mono-, Di- and Triglyceride of Medium Chain Fatty Acids by Lipid/Surfactant/Water Phase Diagram, Solubility Determination and Dispersion Testing for Application in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form Development (2011)

Systematic study on comparison of mono-, di- and triglyceride of medium chain fatty acids will help formulators select components for optimal lipid-based formulation.
Dynamic Trace-Based Data Dependency Analysis for Parallelization of C Programs (2012)

Writing parallel code is traditionally considered a difficult task, even when it is tackled from the beginning of a project. In this paper, we demonstrate an innovative toolset that faces this challenge directly. It provides the software developers with profile data and directs them to possible top-level, pipeline-style parallelization opportunities for an arbitrary sequential C program. This approach is complementary to the methods based on static code analysis and automatic code rewriting and does not impose restrictions on the structure of the sequential code or the parallelization style, even though it is mostly aimed at coarse-grained task-level parallelization. The proposed toolset has been utilized to define parallel code organizations for a number of real-world representative applications and is based on and is provided as free source.