gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Receptor Specificities of Human Respiroviruses (2001)

Through their hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein, parainfluenza viruses bind to sialic acid-containing glycoconjugates to initiate infection. Although the virus-receptor interaction is a key factor of infection, the exact nature of the receptors that human parainfluenza viruses recognize has not been determined. We evaluated the abilities of human parainfluenza virus types 1 (hPIV-1) and 3 (hPIV-3) to bind to different types of gangliosides. Both hPIV-1 and hPIV-3 preferentially bound to neolacto-series gangliosides containing a terminal N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) linked to N-acetyllactosamine (Galbeta1-4GlcNAc) by the alpha2-3 linkage (NeuAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc). Unlike hPIV-1, hPIV-3 bound to gangliosides with a terminal NeuAc linked to Galbeta1-4GlcNAc through an alpha2-6 linkage (NeuAcalpha2-6Galbeta1-4GlcNAc) or to gangliosides with a different sialic acid, N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc), linked to Galbeta1-4GlcNAc (NeuGcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc). These results indicate that the molecular species of glycoconjugate that hPIV-1 recognizes are more limited than those recognized by hPIV-3. Further analysis using purified gangliosides revealed that the oligosaccharide core structure is also an important element for binding. Gangliosides that contain branched N-acetyllactosaminoglycans in their core structure showed higher avidity than those without them. Agglutination of human, cow, and guinea pig erythrocytes but not equine erythrocytes by hPIV-1 and hPIV-3 correlated well with the presence or the absence of sialic acid-linked branched N-acetyllactosaminoglycans on the cell surface. Finally, NeuAcalpha2-3I, which bound to both viruses, inhibited virus infection of Lewis lung carcinoma-monkey kidney cells in a dose-dependent manner. We conclude that hPIV-1 and hPIV-3 preferentially recognize oligosaccharides containing branched N-acetyllactosaminoglycans with terminal NeuAcalpha2-3Gal as receptors and that hPIV-3 also recognizes NeuAcalpha2-6Gal- or NeuGcalpha2-3Gal-containing receptors. These findings provide important information that can be used to develop inhibitors that prevent human parainfluenza virus infection.
Detection of Attomole Amounts of Analyte by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (DESI-MS) Determined Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy (2007)

We report the use of fluorescence spectroscopy to investigate the amount of material removed from a PTFE surface and detected during desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry measurements. The fluorescence intensity before and after DESI analysis of rhodamine 6G is used to determine the amount of material removed from the surface per mass spectrum. Calculations indicate low attomole amounts are removed per linear ion trap mass spectrum.
Transforming p21 Mutants and c-Ets-2 Activate the Cyclin D1 Promoter through Distinguishable Regions (1995)

Several different oncogenes and growth factors promote G1 phase progression. Cyclin D1, the regulatory subunit of several cyclin-dependent kinases, is required for, and capable of shortening, the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The present study demonstrates that transforming mutants of p21ras (Ras Val-12, Ras Leu-61) induce the cyclin D1 promoter in human trophoblasts (JEG-3), mink lung epithelial (Mv1.Lu), and in Chinese hamster ovary fibroblast cell lines. Site-directed mutagenesis of AP-1-like sequences at -954 abolished p21ras-dependent activation of cyclin D1 expression. The AP-1-like sequences were also required for activation of the cyclin D1 promoter by c-Jun. In electrophoretic mobility shift assays using nuclear extracts from cultured cells and primary tissues, several AP-1 proteins (c-Jun, JunB, JunD, and c-Fos) bound the cyclin D1 -954 region. Cyclin D1 promoter activity was stimulated by overexpression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (p41MAPK) or c-Ets-2 through the proximal 22 base pairs. Expression of plasmids encoding either dominant negative MAPK (p41MAPKi) or dominant negatives of ETS activation (Ets-LacZ), antagonized MAPK-dependent induction of cyclin D1 promoter activity. Epidermal growth factor induction of cyclin D1 transcription, through the proximal promoter region, was antagonized by either p41MAPKi or Ets-LacZ, suggesting that ETS functions downstream of epidermal growth factor and MAPK in the context of the cyclin D1 promoter. The activation of cyclin D1 transcription by p21ras provides evidence for cross-talk between the p21ras and cell cycle regulatory pathways.
Bradyrhizobium japonicum Porphobilinogen Synthase Uses Two Mg(II) and Monovalent Cations (1996)

Bradyrhizobium japonicum porphobilinogen synthase (B. japonicum PBGS) has been purified and characterized from an overexpression system in an Escherichia coli host (Chauhan, S., and O'Brian, M. R. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 19823-19827). B. japonicum PBGS defines a new class of PBGS protein, type IV (classified by metal ion content), which utilizes a catalytic MgA present at a stoichiometry of 4/octamer, an allosteric MgC present at a stoichiometry of 8/octamer, and a monovalent metal ion, K+. However, the divalent MgB or ZnB present in some other PBGS is not present in B. japonicum PBGS. Under optimal conditions, the Kd for MgA is <0.2 microM, and the Kd for MgC is about 40 microM. The response of B. japonicum PBGS activity to monovalent and divalent cations is mutually dependent and varies dramatically with pH. B. japonicum PBGS is also found to undergo a dynamic equilibrium between active multimeric species and inactive monomers under assay conditions, a kinetic characteristic not reported for other PBGSs. B. japonicum PBGS is the first PBGS that has been rigorously demonstrated to lack a catalytic ZnA. However, consistent with prior predictions, B. japonicum PBGS can bind Zn(II) (presumably as ZnA) at a stoichiometry of 4/octamer with a Kd of 200 microM; but this high concentration is outside a physiologically significant range.
Thermodynamics and kinetics of CO2, CO, and H+ binding to the metal centre of CO2reductioncatalysts (2011)

In our developing world, carbon dioxide has become one of the most abundant greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. It is a stable, inert, small molecule that continues to present significant challenges toward its chemical activation as a useful carbon end product. This tutorial review describes one approach to the reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon fuels, using cobalt and nickel molecular catalysts, with particular focus on studying the thermodynamics and kinetics of CO(2) binding to metal catalytic sites.
Monoclonal antibodies specific for melanocytic tumors distinguish subpopulations of melanocytes. (1986)

The authors have generated monoclonal antibodies to an extract of melanoma. When tested on a variety of fixed, embedded sections of malignant tumors, one antibody (HMB-45) reacted with 60 of 62 melanomas and none of 168 nonmelanomas (carcinomas, lymphomas, and sarcomas). The antibody reacts with junctional nevus cells but not intradermal nevi, and recognizes fetal and neonatal melanocytes but not normal adult melanocytes. This antibody thus demonstrates absolute specificity for melanocytic tumors and thus has great utility for the surgical pathologist in distinguishing among poorly differentiated tumors of uncertain origin. It also identifies differences among populations of melanocytes which may be useful in understanding the biology of and interrelationships between these cells.
An In Vitro Transcription System for Studying Vaccinia Virus Late Genes (2004)

This chapter describes a protocol that allows accurate in vitro transcription of vaccinia virus late genes. In this method, extracts are made from vaccinia virus-infected cells and used as enzyme sources to produce mRNAs from plasmid templates containing late gene promoter sequences.
Managing INTERNET Information Services (1994)

This book describes in detail how to set up information services to make them available over the Internet. It begins by discussing why a company would want to provide Internet services and how to select which services to provide. Most of the book describes how to set up email services, FTP, Gopher and World Wide Web servers.
Performance of mobile ad hoc networking routing protocols in realistic scenarios (2004)

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the performance of common MANET (mobile ad hoc network) routing protocols under realistic network scenarios. The routing protocols used in this study include AODV, DSR, OLSR, OSPFv2 and ZRP, which comprise a good mix of reactive, proactive and hybrid protocols. The paper evaluates these protocols under simulation scenarios based on an actual exercise carried out under the DARPA PCS communications program. Mobility of the nodes was simulated using GPS logs from the field exercise. Traffic is simulated using a model of the traffic generation tool that drove traffic in the live exercise, and reads the same script files. The simulation results produced by QualNet are first validated against the corresponding measurements taken from the exercise, and several network configuration parameters are then varied to examine the performance of these protocols under "what-if" scenarios. This simulation study together with its post analysis shows the performance of each protocol under specific conditions both quantitatively and qualitatively.
Google Apps: The Missing Manual (2008)

This comprehensive and easy-to-follow new book teaches you how to use the new web-based applications from Google that are providing a viable alternative to Microsoft Office for many businesses. While Google's office suite shows a lot of promise, navigating what you can and can't do and -- more importantly -- understanding how to do it isn't always easy. With this book, you can get the most out of Google web-based business suite.
Synthesis and properties of ruthenium(II) complexes with o-quinodiimine ligands. Crystal and molecular structure of Ru(bpy)2(C6H4(NH)2)(PF6)2 (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and properties of ruthenium(II) complexes with o-quinodiimine ligands. Crystal and molecular structure of Ru(bpy)2(C6H4(NH)2)(PF6)2Peter Belser, Alex Von Zelewsky, and Margareta ZehnderCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1981, 20, 9, 3098–3103Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50223a068https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50223a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views513Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
High-Throughput Screen for Novel Antimicrobials using a Whole Animal Infection Model (2009)

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a unique whole animal model system for identifying small molecules with in vivo anti-infective properties. C. elegans can be infected with a broad range of human pathogens, including Enterococcus faecalis, an important human nosocomial pathogen. Here, we describe an automated, high-throughput screen of 37,200 compounds and natural product extracts for those that enhance survival of C. elegans infected with E. faecalis. Using a robot to dispense live, infected animals into 384-well plates and automated microscopy and image analysis, we identified 28 compounds and extracts not previously reported to have antimicrobial properties, including six structural classes that cure infected C. elegans animals but do not affect the growth of the pathogen in vitro, thus acting by a mechanism of action distinct from antibiotics currently in clinical use.
Titanium Complexes of Sterically Demanding Cage-Phosphinimide Ligands (2000)

The known ligand PPh(C6H4O3Me4) (1) and its analogue PCy(C6H4O3Me4) (2) have been prepared. In the latter synthesis the diphosphine species (PCy)2(C6H2O3Me4) (3) was also isolated as a minor product. Reaction of the cage phosphines 1 and 2 with Me3SiN3 effected oxidation to the corresponding (trimethylsilyl)phosphinimines Me3SiNPR(C6H4O3Me4) (R = Ph (4), Cy (5)). Subsequent reactions afforded the titanium complexes CpTiCl2(NPR(C6H4O3Me4)) (R = Ph (6), Cy (7)) and CpTiMe2(NPR(C6H4O3Me4)) (R = Ph (8), Cy (9)). Preliminary screening for catalytic activity in ethylene polymerization employing either methylalumoxane (MAO) or [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] as the activator showed minimal catalytic activity. These observations were probed via reactions of these complexes with AlMe3, MAO, or [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]. Reaction of 8 with AlMe3 gave several products, one of which was fully characterized as the cage-rupture product CpTiMe2(NPCy(C6H4O3Me5)(μ-AlMe2)(AlMe3)) (10). A similar product is inferred by the spectroscopic monitoring of the reaction of 8 with MAO. In contrast, reaction of 2 with AlMe3 resulted only in the formation of the adduct Me3AlPCy(C6H4O3Me4) (11). Structural data are reported for 2, 3, 8, 10, and 11.
Effect of caloric restriction on colonic proliferation in obese persons: implications for colon cancer prevention. (1994)

Dietary intervention to prevent colon cancer is a major health issue. At present it is not clear which dietary factors modify colon cancer risk. Caloric restriction reduces the incidence of many spontaneous and carcinogen-induced tumors in rodents, but its role in human carcinogenesis is unknown. The relationships of body mass index (BMI), body composition, and resting metabolic rate (RMR) to colon cancer risk are also undefined. In this study involving obese persons, we measured the effect of reducing caloric intake on rectal cell proliferation, a biomarker in colon carcinogenesis, and studied the relation of BMI, body composition, and RMR to rectal cell proliferation. Colonic cell proliferation was measured in rectal biopsies from persons weighing more than 130% of ideal body weight. Follow-up biopsies were performed in patients who enrolled in and completed a 16-week behavior modification weight-reduction program in which caloric intake was reduced. Baseline measurements included body composition by total body electrical conductance, RMR, and BMI. Rectal biopsies were processed for autoradiography following incubation with [3H]thymidine. Epithelial proliferation measurements were evaluable in 35 persons at baseline and in 8 persons before and after caloric restriction. Before caloric restriction, mean (+/- SD) BMI was 38 +/- 4 kg/m2 and percentage of body fat 41 +/- 2%. Subjects reduced their caloric intake by a mean of 34 +/- 4% and their weight by 8.6 +/- 1%. Caloric restriction resulted in a 39% reduction in whole-crypt labeling index (P < 0.001) and a 57% reduction in upper crypt labeling index (P < 0.05) without reduction in crypt depth. Labeling index was unrelated to BMI, RMR, or body composition. We conclude that caloric restriction reduced rectal cell proliferation measurements--intermediate biomarkers related to colon carcinogenesis. BMI, RMR, and body composition were unrelated to colonic proliferation. Caloric restriction may have a role in colon cancer prevention.
Lineage relationship between LNCaP and LNCaP‐derived prostate cancer cell lines (2004)

C4-2 arose probably from CD26(+) LNCaP cells, while CL1 arose de novo.
Activation of the complement system in human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease† (2009)

There is widespread activation of the complement system in NAFLD, which is associated with disease severity. This may have important implications for the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD given the function of complement factors in clearance of apoptotic cells, hepatic fibrosis, and liver regeneration.
The Development of Cannabinoid Antagonists (1999)

The discovery of two distinct cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) in the early 1990's has revived the research on cannabinoid antagonists. While the search for antagonists based on the structure of agonists (classical cannabinoids or aminoalkylindoles) appeared rather disappointing, the first potent cannabinoid antagonists were developed in a new chemical series: the diarylpyrazoles. Since its discovery in 1994, the selective CB1 antagonist SR 141716 has became a major pharmacological tool to elucidate the physiological role of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor and its endogenous ligand. The selective CB2 antagonist SR 144528 is expected to play the same role for the CB2 receptors, while the recent development of cannabinoid antagonists belonging to other chemical series illustrates the interest of these compounds which are now considered as interesting therapeutic targets by many pharmaceutical companies.
Comparison between BAW and SAW sensor principles (1998)

A comparison is given between piezoelectrically excited bulk acoustic wave (BAW) and surface acoustic wave (SAW) elements with respect to their primary sensitivity functions and principal capabilities for sensor applications. The importance of mode purity for high dynamic range sensors is emphasized. Characteristic sensor examples are reviewed, and the special demands on the electronics for BAW and SAW elements in the sensor field are described (e.g., cable problem, wireless SAW sensors). For a fair evaluation, a performance figure, SQ, defined as the product of reduced sensitivity S and resonator Q-value, is introduced. The potential of alternative piezoelectric materials for future sensor developments is discussed briefly.
Plant Circadian Rhythms (2006)

The earth rotates on its axis every 24 h, with the result that any position on the earth's surface alternately faces toward or away from the sun—day and night. That the metabolism, physiology, and behavior of most organisms changes profoundly between day and night is obvious to even the most
Protein Kinase C: Structure, Function, and Regulation (1995)

The protein kinase C family of enzymes transduces the myriad of signals promoting lipid hydrolysis. The prevalence of this enzyme family in signaling is exemplified by the diverse transduction mechanisms that result in the generation of protein kinase C's activator, diacylglycerol. Signals that stimulate members of the large families of G protein-coupled receptors, tyrosine kinase receptors, or non-receptor tyrosine kinases can cause diacylglycerol production, either rapidly by activation of specific phospholipase Cs or more slowly by activation of phospholipase D to yield phosphatidic acid and then diacylglycerol(1, 2, 3).
Endotoxin detection and elimination in biotechnology. (1986)

Endotoxins liberated by gram-negative bacteria are frequent contaminants of aqueous and physiological solutions. Because of their potent biological effects in vivo and in vitro, their detection and removal are essential for the safe parenteral administration of products produced from natural sources, as well as those produced by recombinant DNA technology. Traditional methods of endotoxin detection include the U.S. Pharmacopeia rabbit test and the Limulus amebocyte lysate test. Elimination of endotoxins, however, continues to be a problem. Standard methods of sterilization, such as autoclaving or sterile filtration, have little effect on endotoxin levels. Various techniques for the prevention of endotoxin contamination and endotoxin removal have been discussed. The overall role of endotoxin prevention, detection, and elimination in biotechnology is emphasized.
The differences in the T2relaxation rates of the protons in the partially-deuteriated and fully protonated sugar residues in a large oligo-DNA (‘NMR-window’) gives complementary structural information (1994)

Selective incorporation of the stereospecifically deuteriated sugar moieties (> 97 atom % 2H enhancements at H2', H2'', H3' and H5'/5'' sites, approximately 85 atom % 2H enhancement at H4' and approximately 20 atom % 2H enhancement at H1') in DNA and RNA by the 'NMR-window' approach has been shown to solve the problem of the resonance overlap [refs. 1, 2 & 3]. Such specific deuterium labelling gives much improved resolution and sensitivity of the residual sugar proton (i.e. H1' or H4') vicinal to the deuteriated centers (ref. 3). The T2 relaxation time of the residual protons also increases considerably in the partially-deuteriated (shown by underline) sugar residues in dinucleotides [d(CpG), d(GpC), d(ApT), d(TpA)], trinucleotide r(A2'p5'A2'p5'A) and 20-mer DNA duplex 5'd(C1G2C3-G4C5G6C7G8A9A10T11T12C13G14C15G16C17G18C19G20)(2) 3'. The protons with shorter T2 can be filtered away using a number of different NMR experiments such as ROESY, MINSY or HAL. The NOE intensity of the cross-peaks in these experiments includes only straight pathway from H1' to aromatic proton (i-i and i-i + 1) without any spin-diffusion. The volumes of these NOE cross-peaks could be measured with high accuracy as their intensity is 3 to 4 times larger than the corresponding peaks in the fully protonated residues in the normal NOESY spectra. The structural informations thus obtainable from the residual protons in the partially-deuteriated part of the duplex and the fully protonated part in the 'NMR window' can indeed complement each other.
Use Of Recombinant Soluble Cd4 Pseudomonas Exotoxin, A Novel Immunotoxin, For Treatment Of Persons Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (1994)

Single and multiple doses of sCD4-PE40, a soluble recombinant fusion toxin selectively toxic to gp120-expressing cells, were evaluated in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Seventeen of 24 patients who completed a single-dose safety trial were given either 1, 5, 10, or 15 micrograms/kg of sCD4-PE40 by intravenous bolus once a month for 2 months, then weekly for 6 weeks. The weekly maximally tolerated dose was 10 micrograms/kg. The major toxicity was a transient dose-dependent elevation in hepatic aminotransferases peaking 48 h after infusion. Anti-Pseudomonas exotoxin antibody developed in 58% of recipients, and sera from 13 of 17 showed neutralizing activity against sCD4-PE40. No consistent changes in immunologic or virologic markers were observed. Weekly infusions of < or = 10 micrograms/kg of sCD4-PE40 are generally well tolerated, but additional studies correlating optimal dosing and frequency of administration with efficacy will be needed to define the role of this novel agent in the management of HIV-1-infected patients.
Pharmacology of transient receptor potential melastatin channels in the vasculature (2010)

Mammalian transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) non‐selective cation channels, the largest TRP subfamily, are widely expressed in excitable and non‐excitable cells where they perform diverse functions ranging from detection of cold, taste, osmolarity, redox state and pH to control of Mg 2+ homeostasis and cell proliferation or death. Recently, TRPM gene expression has been identified in vascular smooth muscles with dominance of the TRPM8 channel. There has been in parallel considerable progress in decoding the functional roles of several TRPMs in the vasculature. This research on native cells is aided by the knowledge of the activation mechanisms and pharmacological properties of heterologously expressed TRPM subtypes. This paper summarizes the present state of knowledge of vascular TRPM channels and outlines several anticipated directions of future research in this area.