gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computer Science, Biology and Biomedical Informatics Academy: Outcomes from 5 Years of Immersing High-school Students into Informatics Research (2017)

The University of Pittsburgh's Department of Biomedical Informatics and Division of Pathology Informatics created a Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) pipeline in 2011 dedicated to providing cutting-edge informatics research and career preparatory experiences to a diverse group of highly motivated high-school students. In this third editorial installment describing the program, we provide a brief overview of the pipeline, report on achievements of the past scholars, and present results from self-reported assessments by the 2015 cohort of scholars. The pipeline continues to expand with the 2015 addition of the innovation internship, and the introduction of a program in 2016 aimed at offering first-time research experiences to undergraduates who are underrepresented in pathology and biomedical informatics. Achievements of program scholars include authorship of journal articles, symposium and summit presentations, and attendance at top 25 universities. All of our alumni matriculated into higher education and 90% remain in STEM majors. The 2015 high-school program had ten participating scholars who self-reported gains in confidence in their research abilities and understanding of what it means to be a scientist.
Comprehensive cardiovascular medicine (1998)

This two-volume text is designed to cover the principles and practices needed for a complete understanding of cardiovascular medicine. It provides knowledge on molecular genetics, preventative cardiology, interventional techniques, and more. It also offers coverage of real-world issues, including trends in health-care policies, managed care, medicolegal problems, and quality of patient care. The text is also available on CD-ROM (0-7817-1681-0).
Bod1, a novel kinetochore protein required for chromosome biorientation (2007)

We have combined the proteomic analysis of Xenopus laevis in vitro-assembled chromosomes with RNA interference and live cell imaging in HeLa cells to identify novel factors required for proper chromosome segregation. The first of these is Bod1, a protein conserved throughout metazoans that associates with a large macromolecular complex and localizes with kinetochores and spindle poles during mitosis. Small interfering RNA depletion of Bod1 in HeLa cells produces elongated mitotic spindles with severe biorientation defects. Bod1-depleted cells form syntelic attachments that can oscillate and generate enough force to separate sister kinetochores, suggesting that microtubule-kinetochore interactions were intact. Releasing Bod1-depleted cells from a monastrol block increases the frequency of syntelic attachments and the number of cells displaying biorientation defects. Bod1 depletion does not affect the activity or localization of Aurora B but does cause mislocalization of the microtubule depolymerase mitotic centromere- associated kinesin and prevents its efficient phosphorylation by Aurora B. Therefore, Bod1 is a novel kinetochore protein that is required for the detection or resolution of syntelic attachments in mitotic spindles.
Effects of subgingival irrigation on A. actinomycetemcomitans (1989)

The effects of repeated subgingival irrigation on Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was examined. 24 periodontal pockets harboring A. actinomycetemcomitans in 3 juvenile and 4 adult periodontitis patients were studied. The protocol included bi-weekly subgingival irrigation with hydrogen peroxide of the periodontal sites until the micro-organism was no longer detected by selective culture, or for 6 months. A. actinomycetemcomitans was gradually suppressed to below detection following the irrigation regime and could no longer be detected in 46% of the sites at completion of the irrigation protocol. The sites were microbiologically re-examined 5 months after cessation of the irrigation regime. A. actinomycetemcomitans re-occurred in only 2 of the sites from which it had originally been suppressed below detection. The results indicate: (1) that the irrigation regime tested has some potential to suppress A. actinomycetemcomitans in periodontal pockets; (2) that the effect of the irrigation protocol generally lasted for 5 months; (3) that the reduction rate of A. actinomycetemcomitans to below detectable levels seems related to the initial number of cultivable bacteria from the periodontal pocket.
Regioselective Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Aldehydes and Ketones (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTRegioselective Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Aldehydes and KetonesYouval Shvo and Anan Haj Ichia ArishaView Author Information School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 16, 5640–5642Publication Date (Web):July 23, 1998Publication History Received22 January 1998Published online23 July 1998Published inissue 1 August 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo980112xhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo980112xbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3768Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aldehydes,Allyl group,Chemical reactions,Ketones,Organic reactions Get e-Alerts
Synthesis, antineoplastic and cytotoxic activities of some mononuclear Ru(II) complexes (2010)

A series of mononuclear Ru(II) complexes of the type [Ru(S)(2)(K)](2+), where S = 1,10-phenanthroline/2,2'-bipyridine and K = 4-OH-btsz, 4-CH(3)-btsz, 3,4-di-OCH(3)-btsz, 4-OH-binh, 4-CH(3)-binh, 3,4-di-OCH(3)-binh, were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, (1)H-NMR, and mass spectroscopy. The complexes displayed metal-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transitions in the visible region. These ligands formed bidentate octahedral ruthenium complexes. The title complexes were evaluated for their in vivo anticancer activity against a transplantable murine tumor cell line, Ehrlisch's ascites carcinoma (EAC), and in vitro cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines Molt 4/C(8) and CEM and murine tumor cell line L1210. The ruthenium complexes showed promising biological activity especially in decreasing tumor volume and viable ascites cell counts. Treatment with these complexes prolonged the life span of mice bearing EAC tumors by 10-52%. In vitro evaluation of these ruthenium complexes revealed cytotoxic activity from 0.21 to 24 muM against Molt 4/C(8), 0.16 to 19 microM against CEM, and 0.75 to 32 microM against L1210.
Some Applications of the Nenitzescu Reaction (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome Applications of the Nenitzescu ReactionEDGAR A. STECK, R. PAULINE BRUNDAGE, and LYNN T. FLETCHERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, 11, 1750–1752Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01093a034https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01093a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views291Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
P4‐334: Eighteen‐month data from an open‐label extension of a one‐year controlled trial of dimebon in patients with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease (2008)

Dimebon is a novel small molecule which improved cognition and memory, activities of daily living, and behavior in a one-year placebo-controlled trial of patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study evaluates the continued effectiveness of Dimebon in an open-label extension for 18 months. A total of 183 patients with mild-to-moderate AD were initially randomized into a 6-month placebo-controlled study of Dimebon. Patients completing 6 months of treatment were offered the opportunity to re-consent for an additional 6 months of controlled treatment in their originally randomized group, followed by an open-label extension. Data presented are from observed case analyses of the OLE including only the 104 OLE patients. Projected placebo decline was estimated using simple linear regression on data from weeks 1–52. A total of 120 patients completed one year of treatment; 104 re-enrolled into the OLE (54 Dimebon, 50 placebo). 92 (88.5%) patients enrolling into OLE completed 6 months of treatment. Patients treated with Dimebon for 18 months continued to show benefit on all endpoints in mean change from baseline over the projected placebo decline of the patients enrolling into the OLE study: ADAS-cog (2.1 vs. 7.6), CIBIC-plus (4.3 vs. 5.1), ADCS-ADL (-3.1 vs. -4.7), NPI (0.72 vs. 3.7), and MMSE (0.0 vs. -2.1). Patients originally randomized to placebo then crossed over to Dimebon treatment for 6 months had stabilization of their previously documented decline on all five endpoints. Patients treated with Dimebon for 18 months continued to show benefit over the group crossed over to Dimebon treatment for 6 months on the ADAS-cog (p = 0.05) and CIBIC-plus (p = 0.02). Dimebon was well-tolerated through 18 months. Dimebon treatment for 18 months continued to improve the clinical course of patients with AD, with beneficial effect seen in cognition and memory, activities of daily living, and behavior. Patients treated with placebo and then crossed over to Dimebon did not show the same benefit as those patients originally treated with Dimebon suggesting the possibility that Dimebon treatment may result in disease modification. Open-label extensions are not placebo-controlled and extrapolation of the treatment results should be done with caution.
Aerobic fungi in the rumen fluid from dairy cattle fed different sources of forage (2012)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the aerobic microbiota of the rumen fluid from Holstein cows and heifers fed different tropical forage in the north of Minas Gerais, Brazil. A total of 30 samples of rumen fluid from cows fed with sorghum silage were collected: 32 from cows fed Brachiaria brizantha, 12 from heifers that received sorghum silage and 11 from calves fed sugar cane foliage. The culture was carried out using the agar Sabouraud medium and the solid C medium, containing microcrystalline cellulose. The isolated mycelial fungi were identified by microculture technique and yeasts by micromorphological and physical-chemical analysis. Specific identification for yeasts was confirmed by ribosomal DNA sequence analysis. The presence of fungal colonies was confirmed on the Sabouraud medium for 100% of the samples. No significant differences were observed comparing the concentrations of mycelia fungi in the rumen fluid from cows fed different forages and for the two categories evaluated, fed sorghum silage. Yeast populations in the rumen fluid from heifers fed sugarcane were higher compared with those receiving sorghum silage. The yeast Pichia kudriavzevii (Candida krusei) was the most frequent and among the mycelial fungi, the genus Aspergillus was the most frequently observed, corresponding to 56% of the samples. Future studies should elucidate the variations in the populations of these microorganisms considering the carbohydrate sources in the tropical forages and the animal categories. The ecological or pathogenic role of these microorganisms should also be considered, aiming at improved productivity and health of cattle.
Differential Activation of the Ras/Extracellular-Signal-Regulated Protein Kinase Pathway Is Responsible for the Biological Consequences Induced by the Axl Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (1996)

To understand the mechanism of Axl signaling, we have initiated studies to delineate downstream components in interleukin-3-dependent 32D cells by using a chimeric receptor containing the recombinant epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor extracellular and transmembrane domains and the Axl kinase domain (EAK [for EGF receptor-Axl kinase]). We have previously shown that upon exogenous EGF stimulation, 32D-EAK cells are capable of proliferation in the absence of interleukin-3. With this system, we determined that EAK-induced cell survival and mitogenesis are dependent upon the Ras/extracellular-signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) cascade. Although the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase pathway is activated upon EAK signaling, it appears to be dispensable for the biological actions of the Axl kinase. Furthermore, we demonstrated that different threshold levels of Ras/ERK activation are needed to induce a block to apoptosis or proliferation in 32D cells. Recently, we have identified an Axl ligand, GAS6. Surprisingly, GAS6-stimulated 32D-Axl cells exhibited no blockage to apoptosis or mitogenic response which is correlated with the absence of Ras/ERK activation. Taken together, these data suggest that different extracellular domains dramatically alter the intracellular response of the Axl kinase. Furthermore, our data suggest that the GAS6-Axl interaction does not induce mitogenesis and that its exact role remains to be determined.
Managing symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (2011)

In many patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the symptoms of abdominal pain, bloating and diarrhoea are out of proportion with the demonstrated degree of inflammation; some symptomatic patients may have complete mucosal healing. Such patients often may undergo invasive, costly and potentially dangerous tests in search of residual inflammation. What are the diagnostic considerations in such patients? How should they be managed?

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a commonly encountered disorder, with point prevalence of ∼10%1; symptom-based criteria facilitate its diagnosis.2 Although IBD affects ∼0.4% of the population in the United States and Europe,3 4 IBD and IBS may concur in a patient, purely by chance. How often do patients with IBD and inflammation in remission manifest symptoms that suggest IBS, usually IBS with diarrhoea (IBS-D)?

From a database of over 1500 patients with IBD, Zaman et al 5 identified 30 with ileal Crohn's disease and 25 with ulcerative colitis involving only the rectosigmoid, and stable symptoms, no changes in medications or use of chronic steroids for 3 months, and no prior bowel surgery. Rome II IBS criteria were met by 67% of patients with Crohn's disease and 60% of ulcerative colitis, with similar symptoms in the two diseases. Thus, symptoms of IBS are common in IBD patients whose inflammation appears to be stable or in remission.

In patients who do not suffer IBD, the symptoms of IBS are not sufficiently specific to differentiate, in the absence of objective tests, other conditions such as pelvic floor dyssynergia or coeliac disease that respectively mimic constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C) and IBS-D.6 Similarly, in patients with IBD, the presence of diarrhoea, urgency and pain in the absence of significant inflammation typically occur without constitutional symptoms or rectal bleeding, and may result from specific diseases that require specific treatment (figure …
Caffeine’s Mechanisms of Action and Its Cosmetic Use (2012)

Caffeine is being increasingly used in cosmetics due to its high biological activity and ability to penetrate the skin barrier. This alkaloid is frequently used as a hydrophilic model substance in human and animal skin penetration as well as different synthetic membrane using Franz diffusion cell experiments. The commercially available topical formulations of caffeine normally contain 3% caffeine. As for a cosmetic purpose, caffeine is used as an active compound in anti-cellulite products because it prevents excessive accumulation of fat in cells. This alkaloid stimulates the degradation of fats during lipolysis through inhibition of the phosphodiesterase activity. Caffeine has potent antioxidant properties. It helps protect cells against the UV radiation and slows down the process of photoaging of the skin. Moreover, caffeine contained in cosmetics increases the microcirculation of blood in the skin and also stimulates the growth of hair through inhibition of the 5-α-reductase activity.
The Cell’s Nucleolus: an Emerging Target for Chemotherapeutic Intervention (2013)

The transient nucleolus plays a central role in the up-regulated synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) to sustain ribosome biogenesis, a hallmark of aberrant cell growth. This function, in conjunction with its unique pathohistological features in malignant cells and its ability to mediate apoptosis, renders this sub-nuclear structure a potential target for chemotherapeutic agents. In this Minireview, structurally and functionally diverse small molecules are discussed that have been reported to either interact with the nucleolus directly or perturb its function indirectly by acting on its dynamic components. These molecules include all major classes of nucleic-acid-targeted agents, antimetabolites, kinase inhibitors, anti-inflammatory drugs, natural product antibiotics, oligopeptides, as well as nanoparticles. Together, these molecules are invaluable probes of structure and function of the nucleolus. They also provide a unique opportunity to develop novel strategies for more selective and therefore better-tolerated chemotherapeutic intervention. In this regard, inhibition of RNA polymerase-I-mediated rRNA synthesis appears to be a promising mechanism for killing cancer cells. The recent development of molecules targeted at G-quadruplex-forming rRNA gene sequences, which are currently undergoing clinical trials, seems to attest to the success of this approach.
Activated protein C stimulates the fibrinolytic activity of cultured endothelial cells and decreases antiactivator activity. (1985)

The effects of bovine activated protein C (APC) on the fibrinolytic activity of cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells were investigated. Confluent monolayers were incubated with purified APC under various conditions and changes in total fibrinolytic activity and in the level of plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor (antiactivator) were monitored. The addition of APC to the cells in the absence of other blood or plasma components led to a rapid, dose-dependent increase of fibrinolytic activity both in the media and in cellular extracts. For example, 3.4 micrograms of APC per ml resulted in a 15-fold increase of fibrinolytic activity in the medium within 1 hour. The enhanced fibrinolytic activity reflected increases in both the urokinase-related and tissue-type plasminogen activators produced by these cells. Interestingly, treatment of cells with APC also caused a rapid, dose-dependent decrease in antiactivator activity. Diisopropyl fluorophosphate-inactivated APC did not decrease antiactivator or increase plasminogen activator. Although a small but significant direct (i.e., cell-independent) effect of APC on both fibrinolytic activity and antiactivator activity could be demonstrated, the major portion of these changes appeared to be cell-mediated. These observations indicate that the fibrinolytic potential of cultured endothelial cells is increased by APC and that the enzyme active site is essential for this change. Moreover, the results suggest that one of the primary mechanisms for this stimulation of endothelial cell fibrinolytic activity involves an APC-mediated decrease in antiactivator.
Coupling Reactions of Alkynylsilanes Mediated by a Cu(I) Salt:  Novel Syntheses of Conjugate Diynes and Disubstituted Ethynes (2000)

Reaction of 1-trimethylsilylalkyne with copper(I) chloride in a polar solvent, DMF, at 60 degrees C under an aerobic conditions smoothly undergoes homo-coupling to give the corresponding symmetrical 1,3-butadiynes in 70-99% yields. In addition, (arylethynyl)trimethylsilanes are found to couple with aryl triflates and chlorides in the presence of Cu(I)/Pd(0) (10 mol %/5 or 10 mol %) cocatalyst system to give the corresponding diarylethynes in 49-99% yields. The cross-coupling reaction is applied to a one-pot synthesis of the corresponding unsymmetrical diarylethynes from (trimethylsilyl)ethyne via sequential Sonogashira-Hagihara and the present cross-coupling reactions using two different aryl triflates. The reactions of (arylethynyl)trimethylsilanes with aryl(chloro)ethynes in the presence of 10 mol % of CuCl also yield the corresponding unsymmetrical 1,3-butadiynes in 43-97% yields.
Amino Acid Supplementation Improves Cell-Specific Functions of the Rat Hepatocytes Exposed to Human Plasma (2000)

Maintaining hepatocyte function during plasma exposure is critical for the successful development of hepatocyte-based bioartificial liver assist systems. Past attempts to culture hepatocytes in plasma yielded discouraging results. Using a stable culture model based on sandwiching hepatocytes between two layers of collagen gel, we investigated the effect of hormone and amino acid supplementation during exposure of rat hepatocytes to heparin-treated human plasma for 1 week. Morphology and hepatocyte-specific functions were evaluated for hepatocytes cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle medium (DMEM), nonsupplemented plasma, plasma supplemented with hormones, or with hormones plus amino acids. Amino acids were supplemented at four-fold concentration of Basal Medium Eagle with 4 mM glutamine, whereas hormones included 7.5 microg/mL of hydrocortisone and 50 microU/mL of insulin. Cuboidal structure and bile canaliculi formation were observed throughout the 1-week exposure period for control hepatocytes in DMEM and for hepatocytes cultured in hormone supplemented plasma. Albumin and urea synthesis rates of hepatocytes in hormone plus amino acid supplemented plasma during the last day of plasma exposure were 60.4 +/- 13.7 and 75.6 +/- 6.5 (microg/day per 1 x 10(6) cells, mean +/- SD), respectively, comparable to cultures in standard culture medium. On the other hand, hepatocytes exposed to nonsupplemented plasma suffered significant morphological and functional damage. The results of this study indicate that hormone plus amino acid supplementation help to restore function in hepatocytes exposed to plasma.