gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frameshift mutation in p53 regulator RPL26 is associated with multiple physical abnormalities and a specific pre-ribosomal RNA processing defect in diamond-blackfan anemia (2012)

Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is an inherited form of pure red cell aplasia that usually presents in infancy or early childhood and is associated with congenital malformations in ∼30-50% of patients. DBA has been associated with mutations in nine ribosomal protein (RP) genes in about 53% of patients. We completed a large-scale screen of 79 RP genes by sequencing 16 RP genes (RPL3, RPL7, RPL8, RPL10, RPL14, RPL17, RPL19, RPL23A, RPL26, RPL27, RPL35, RPL36A, RPL39, RPS4X, RPS4Y1, and RPS21) in 96 DBA probands. We identified a de novo two-nucleotide deletion in RPL26 in one proband associated with multiple severe physical abnormalities. This mutation gives rise to a remarkable ribosome biogenesis defect that affects maturation of both the small and the large subunits. We also found a deletion in RPL19 and missense mutations in RPL3 and RPL23A, which may be variants of unknown significance. Together with RPL5, RPL11, and RPS7, RPL26 is the fourth RP regulating p53 activity that is linked to DBA.
Internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint evaluated with direct sagittal CT: a prospective study. (1985)

Direct sagittal computed tomography (CT) was performed in 454 patients thought to have internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Of 905 joints examined, 71 were subsequently studied using arthrography and/or surgery. Sensitivity was 91.8%, accuracy 87.3%, and the positive predictive value 93.3%. Degenerative joint disease was detected in 33.6% of joints with anterior meniscal displacement but no reduction, 15.3% of those with displacement and reduction, and 5.0% of those with no identifiable meniscal abnormality. It is concluded that direct sagittal CT is a sensitive and effective method of detecting and characterizing displacement of the TMJ meniscus as well as underlying degenerative joint disease.
Shifting paradigms with the application service provider model (2001)

Built upon developments in selective outsourcing, application hosting and browser-based computing, the application service provider (ASP) model shifts the purchase of computing power from a product to a rented-service form. If it can overcome the challenges facing it, the ASP model will foster a new generation of distributed, component-based computing services characterized by finer computing granularity, global cooperation and specialization, multimedia data handling, binary integration, mobile computing and pervasiveness across a full spectrum of electrical and electronic devices. Applying generic network-centric computing will lead to a networked economy characterized by service integration.
Click Functionalization of Well-Defined Copolymers Prepared by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (2006)

Copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azides and alkynes has proven to be a promising method to functionalize well-defined polymers prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Due to high efficiency and fidelity under moderate reaction conditions, this "click chemistry" method allows the modification of polymer end groups to give functional telechelic polymers. Additionally, ATRP of azide-containing monomers results in polymer with azido groups in each monomer unit. These polymers demonstrate enhanced reactivity for click reactions, as compared to the monomer with comparable structure. This review will describe the progress made in the combination of ATRP and click chemistry to prepare functional materials by highly efficient post-polymerization modification.
Rapid nanopore discrimination between single polynucleotide molecules (2000)

A variety of different DNA polymers were electrophoretically driven through the nanopore of an alpha-hemolysin channel in a lipid bilayer. Single-channel recording of the translocation duration and current flow during traversal of individual polynucleotides yielded a unique pattern of events for each of the several polymers tested. Statistical data derived from this pattern of events demonstrate that in several cases a nanopore can distinguish between polynucleotides of similar length and composition that differ only in sequence. Studies of temperature effects on the translocation process show that translocation duration scales as approximately T(-2). A strong correlation exists between the temperature dependence of the event characteristics and the tendency of some polymers to form secondary structure. Because nanopores can rapidly discriminate and characterize unlabeled DNA molecules at low copy number, refinements of the experimental approach demonstrated here could eventually provide a low-cost high-throughput method of analyzing DNA polynucleotides.
Diaryliodonium Salts: A Journey from Obscurity to Fame (2009)

The recent groundbreaking developments in the application of diaryliodonium salts in cross-coupling reactions has brought this class of previously underdeveloped reagents to the forefront of organic chemistry. With the advent of novel, facile, and efficient synthetic routes to these compounds, many more applications can be foreseen. Herein we provide an overview of the historical and recent advances in the synthesis and applications of diaryliodonium salts.
A Cell Binding Domain from the α3 Chain of Type IV Collagen Inhibits Proliferation of Melanoma Cells (1997)

Our previous studies have shown that a peptide corresponding to the residue sequence 185-203 of the NC1 domain of the alpha3 chain of basement membrane collagen (type IV) inhibits the activation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Peptides from the same region of the alpha1, alpha2, alpha4, and alpha5(IV) chains did not exhibit this property. Because of the intimate relationship between metastasizing neoplastic cells and vascular as well as epithelial basement membranes, we measured the cell adhesion-promoting activity of peptides from the NC1 domain of type IV collagen and their effect on proliferation of human melanoma cells. We found that peptide alpha3(IV)185-203 (CNYYSNSYSFWLASLNPER) not only promotes adhesion of human melanoma cells but also inhibits their proliferation. Adhesion increased by 50-60% over control. Melanoma cell proliferation was inhibited by 40% when cells were grown in a medium containing 5 microg/ml peptide for 5 days. Studies showed that replacement of serine in position 189 or 191 by alanine resulted in significantly reduced adhesion. Similarly, serine replacement resulted in reduced ability to inhibit proliferation. Our data suggest that a region of the NC1 domain of the alpha3(IV) chain, contained within the sequence 185-203, not only specifically promotes adhesion but also inhibits proliferation of melanoma cells. These properties appear to be dependent on the presence of the triplet sequence -SNS- (residues 189-191), which is unique to the alpha3 chain and may represent an important functional epitope.
Data integration for the relational web (2009)

The Web contains a vast amount of structured information such as HTML tables, HTML lists and deep-web databases; there is enormous potential in combining and re-purposing this data in creative ways. However, integrating data from this relational web raises several challenges that are not addressed by current data integration systems or mash-up tools. First, the structured data is usually not published cleanly and must be extracted (say, from an HTML list) before it can be used. Second, due to the vastness of the corpus, a user can never know all of the potentially-relevant databases ahead of time (much less write a wrapper or mapping for each one); the source databases must be discovered during the integration process. Third, some of the important information regarding the data is only present in its enclosing web page and needs to be extracted appropriately. This paper describes Octopus, a system that combines search, extraction, data cleaning and integration, and enables users to create new data sets from those found on the Web. The key idea underlying Octopus is to offer the user a set of best-effort operators that automate the most labor-intensive tasks. For example, the Search operator takes a search-style keyword query and returns a set of relevance-ranked and similarity-clustered structured data sources on the Web; the Context operator helps the user specify the semantics of the sources by inferring attribute values that may not appear in the source itself, and the Extend operator helps the user find related sources that can be joined to add new attributes to a table. Octopus executes some of these operators automatically, but always allows the user to provide feedback and correct errors. We describe the algorithms underlying each of these operators and experiments that demonstrate their efficacy.
Thermoplastic polyurethane/silica nanocomposite fibers by electrospinning (2011)

Abstract Thermoplastic polyurethane/silica nanocomposite fibers with good mechanical properties were prepared by electrospinning, using colloidal silica as the source of silica and dimethyl formamide as the solvent. The fiber morphology was examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The average fiber diameter is about 0.8 μm with 0–10 wt % silica, and silica nanoparticles were observed on all fiber surfaces. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of Si in combination with transmission electron microscopy observation suggest that silica nanoparticles have a fairly uniform distribution in the fibers rather than enriching on the fiber surfaces. Tensile tests show that the incorporation of silica nanoparticles can bring about a significant reinforcing effect without decreasing the ductility. The reinforcing effect is further confirmed by dynamic mechanical analysis. The thermoplastic polyurethane/silica composite fiber mats can adsorb gold nanoparticles after further treatment with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane, demonstrating that the composite fibers could be used as functional fibers by using the properties of silica nanoparticles. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011
Heparin enhances the rate of binding of fibronectin to collagen (1980)

125I-labelled fibronectin is shown to bind to both native and denatured collagen immobilized on Sephadex beads in reactions that exhibit different kinetics. The rates of both reactions were enhanced by the presence of heparin or highly sulphated dextran sulphate but not by other glycosaminoglycans or dextran sulphates having low sulphate contents.
A Stretchable Multicolor Display and Touch Interface Using Photopatterning and Transfer Printing (2016)

An intrinsically soft and stretchable multicolor display and touch interface is reported. Red, green, and blue pixels are formed separately by photopatterning transition-metal-doped ZnS embedded in silicone gels and transfer printing onto an elastomeric dielectric sheet. The device shows stable illumination while being stretched up to 200% area strain or under different deformation modalities. It also introduces capabilities for dynamic colorations and multipoint capacitive touch sensing.
Tumor Evasion of the Immune System by Converting CD4+CD25− T Cells into CD4+CD25+ T Regulatory Cells: Role of Tumor-Derived TGF-β (2007)

CD4+CD25+ T regulatory (T(reg)) cells were initially described for their ability to suppress autoimmune diseases in animal models. An emerging interest is the potential role of T(reg) cells in cancer development and progression because they have been shown to suppress antitumor immunity. In this study, CD4+CD25- T cells cultured in conditioned medium (CM) derived from tumor cells, RENCA or TRAMP-C2, possess similar characteristics as those of naturally occurring T(reg) cells, including expression of Foxp3, a crucial transcription factor of T(reg) cells, production of low levels of IL-2, high levels of IL-10 and TGF-beta, and the ability to suppress CD4+CD25- T cell proliferation. Further investigation revealed a critical role of tumor-derived TGF-beta in converting CD4+CD25- T cells into T(reg) cells because a neutralizing Ab against TGF-beta, 1D11, completely abrogated the induction of T(reg) cells. CM from a nontumorigenic cell line, NRP-152, or irradiated tumor cells did not convert CD4+CD25- T cells to T(reg) cells because they produce low levels of TGF-beta in CM. Finally, we observed a reduced tumor burden in animals receiving 1D11. The reduction in tumor burden correlated with a decrease in tumor-derived TGF-beta. Treatment of 1D11 also reduced the conversion of CD4+ T cells into T(reg) cells and subsequent T(reg) cell-mediated suppression of antitumor immunity. In summary, we have demonstrated that tumor cells directly convert CD4+CD25- T cells to T(reg) cells through production of high levels of TGF-beta, suggesting a possible mechanism through which tumor cells evade the immune system.
Feature selective temporal prediction of Alzheimer's disease progression using hippocampus surface morphometry (2017)

By combining the power of the cFSGL multi-task machine learning framework with the addition of AD sensitive mTBM feature maps of the hippocampus surface, we are able to improve the predictive performance of ADAS cognitive scores 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months from baseline.
Metal–Organic Polyhedral Core as a Versatile Scaffold for Divergent and Convergent Star Polymer Synthesis (2016)

We herein report the divergent and convergent synthesis of coordination star polymers (CSP) by using metal-organic polyhedrons (MOPs) as a multifunctional core. For the divergent route, copper-based great rhombicuboctahedral MOPs decorated with dithiobenzoate or trithioester chain transfer groups at the periphery were designed. Subsequent reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of monomers mediated by the MOPs gave star polymers, in which 24 polymeric arms were grafted from the MOP core. On the other hand, the convergent route provided identical CSP architectures by simple mixing of a macroligand and copper ions. Isophthalic acid-terminated polymers (so-called macroligands) immediately formed the corresponding CSPs through a coordination reaction with copper(II) ions. This convergent route enabled us to obtain miktoarm CSPs with tunable chain compositions through ligand mixing alone. This powerful method allows instant access to a wide variety of multicomponent star polymers that conventionally have required highly skilled and multistep syntheses. MOP-core CSPs are a new class of star polymer that can offer a design strategy for highly processable porous soft materials by using coordination nanocages as a building component.
Increased 12-Lipoxygenase Expression in Breast Cancer Tissues and Cells. Regulation by Epidermal Growth Factor1 (1997)

The interaction of growth factors, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) with their receptors, on breast cancer cells can lead to the hydrolysis of phospholipids and release of fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid, which can be further metabolized by the lipoxygenase (LO) pathway. Several LO products have been shown to stimulate oncogenes and have mitogenic and chemotactic effects. In this study, we have evaluated the regulation of 12-LO activity and expression in breast cancer cells and tissues. Leukocyte-type 12-LO messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was studied by a specific RT-PCR method in matched, normal, uninvolved and cancer-involved breast tissue RNA samples from six patients. In each of these six patients, the cancer-involved section showed a much higher level of 12-LO mRNA than the corresponding normal section. 12-LO mRNA levels also were greater in two breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and COH-BR1, compared with the nontumorigenic breast epithelial cell line, MCF-10F. The growth of the MCF-7 cells was significantly inhibited by two specific LO blockers but not by a cyclooxygenase blocker. Treatment of serum-starved MCF-7 cells with EGF for 4 h led to a dose-dependent increase in the formation of the 12-LO product, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. EGF treatment also increased the levels of the leukocyte-type 12-LO protein expression at 24 h. These results suggest that activation of the 12-LO pathway may play a key role in basal and EGF-induced breast cancer cell growth.
C-Terminal Signals Regulate Targeting of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Proteins to the Cell Wall or Plasma Membrane in Candida albicans (2008)

Fungal glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins localize to the plasma membrane (PM), cell wall (CW), or both. To study signals that regulate PM versus CW targeting in Candida albicans, we (i) fused the N and/or C termini of the GPI CW protein Hwp1p and the GPI PM protein Ecm331p to green fluorescent protein (GFP) and (ii) expressed and localized the resulting fusions. Forty-seven amino acids from the C terminus of Hwp1p were sufficient to target GFP to the CW, and 66 amino acids from the C terminus of Ecm331p were sufficient to target GFP to the PM. Truncation and mutagenesis studies showed that G390 was the omega cleavage site in Ecm331p. Domain exchange and mutagenesis studies showed that (i) the 5 amino acids immediately N-terminal to the omega sites (the omega - 5 to omega - 1 amino acids) played key roles in targeting to the PM or CW; (ii) KK and FE residues at positions omega - 1 and omega - 2, respectively, targeted to the PM and CW; and (iii) a loss of I at position omega - 5 increased PM retention. Small fluorescent reporters can be used to study the peptide signals that regulate PM versus CW targeting of GPI proteins and may be useful for identifying proteins that interact with key targeting signals.
Nonaqueous and Surfactant‐Free Synthesis Routes to Metal Oxide Nanoparticles (2006)

Nonaqueous sol–gel routes to metal oxide nanoparticles have become a promising alternative to aqueous methods, allowing the controlled synthesis of a variety of metal oxides as highly crystalline products at comparably low temperatures. The use of solvents like benzyl alcohol that also function as surface modifiers makes the addition of surfactants superfluous, resulting in improved product purity. In addition to a short overview of such nonaqueous routes to binary and ternary metal oxides, the facile synthesis of sodium and potassium niobates as well as of sodium tantalate and barium stannate nanoparticles via straightforward, surfactant‐free pathways is reported.
Epidemiological Features of Clostridium difficile-Associated Disease Among Inpatients at Children's Hospitals in the United States, 2001–2006 (2008)

The annual incidence of C difficile-associated disease in hospitalized children increased significantly from 2001 to 2006. However, the rates of colectomy and in-hospital death have not increased in children with C difficile-associated disease as they have among adults. The risk factors and outcomes for children with C difficile-associated disease remain to be defined in future studies.
Cholesterol-independent Interactions with CD47 Enhance αvβ3 Avidity (2004)

Expression in OV10 cells of either wild-type CD47 or its extracellular IgV domain linked to a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor-(IgV-GPI) enhanced ligand-induced alpha(v)beta(3) activation as detected by the binding of LIBS1 and LIBS6 mAbs. The amplitude of LIBS binding was greater with both CD47 and IgV-GPI expression, indicating an increase in the population of "activable" integrin molecules. Expression of either CD47 species also increased alpha(v)beta(3)-mediated adhesion to vitronectin, and to surfaces coated with the anti-beta(3) antibody AP3, because of enhanced clustering of alpha(v)beta(3) as confirmed by chemical cross-linking. Cholesterol depletion with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin did not prevent the increase in anti-LIBS binding, but reduced cell adhesion to vitronectin and AP3. However, cells expressing CD47 were partially insulated against this disruption, and IgV-GPI was even more effective. Both CD47 and IgV-GPI were found in cholesterol-rich rafts prepared in the absence of detergent, but only CD47 could recruit alpha(v)beta(3) and its associated signaling molecules to these domains. Thus CD47-alpha(v)beta(3) complexes in cholesterol-rich raft domains appear to engage in G(i)-dependent signaling whereas CD47-alpha(v)beta(3) interactions that lead to integrin clustering are also detergent resistant, but are insensitive to cholesterol depletion and do not require the transmembrane region of CD47.
Network-Wide Load Balancing Routing With Performance Guarantees (2006)

As wide-area network connectivity becomes commoditized, network service providers are offering premium services that generate higher revenues by supporting performance sensitive traffic (such as voice, multimedia, and online trading). An emerging example is a virtual private network path with quality of service (QoS) guarantees, or QVPN. The main technical challenge in offering the QVPN service is how to allocate a physical route for each QVPN so as to maximize the total number of QVPNs that a given physical network infrastructure can support simultaneously. We make the case that the key to addressing this challenge is to maintain network-wide load balance when selecting QVPN routes. By ensuring that different parts of the network are evenly loaded, no single critical link will tend to become a bottleneck resource. This paper describes a Link Criticality Based Routing (LCBR) algorithm, which achieves high network resource utilization efficiency while supporting QVPNs with end-to-end delay and bandwidth guarantees. In addition, LCBR can select primary and backup routes for each QVPN simultaneously to support fast recovery from node or link failures. Using a simple yet effective metric that accurately quantifies network-wide load balance, LCBR significantly improves the total number of supported QVPNs when compared to state-of-the-art traffic engineering approaches.
Cognitive Symptoms in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder and Their Implications for Clinical Practice (2013)

Cognitive symptoms of depression are prevalent and associated with earlier illness onset and longer episode duration. They can have an adverse impact on the treatment course of MDD as well as on functional recovery in depression. Further studies are needed to help determine whether certain treatments can be more effective than others at targeting these symptoms.
Improved design of magnetooptic rib waveguides for optical isolators (1998)

Garnet films of the following compositions (Lu,Bi)/sub 3/(Fe,Ga,Al)/sub 5/O/sub 12/ and (Tm,Bi)/sub 3/(Fe,Ga)/sub 5/O/sub 12/ are grown by liquid-phase epitaxy on [111]-oriented substrates of gadolinium gallium garnet. Double layers with opposite signs of Faraday rotation and single layers are prepared. Optical monomode rib waveguides are realized using such films. The nonreciprocal phase shift of the fundamental TM-mode is studied both theoretically and experimentally at a wavelength of 1.3 /spl mu/m. The maximum nonreciprocal effect of double layer films is about 1.7 times larger than that of similar single layer waveguides. Agreement between experiments and calculations is excellent.