gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toll-like receptor signaling in sepsis (2003)

Despite extensive research, bacterial sepsis and its associated systemic inflammation remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric intensive care unit. Advances in molecular biology, however, have improved our understanding of this disease process and have opened up new avenues of potential therapeutic approaches. One such exciting area has been the substantial and still growing evidence that the mammalian immune system uses a family of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to generate a response to molecular patterns present on invading microorganisms. In particular, TLR4 is part of a recognition complex for bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), thus raising the likelihood of its involvement in the inflammatory response to bacterial sepsis. This review highlights our understanding of the molecular biology of these receptors, focusing on the LPS response, and concluding with a summary of ongoing evaluation and potential therapeutic strategies for treating sepsis through blockade of TLR signaling.
Formation of Droplets of Alternating Composition in Microfluidic Channels and Applications to Indexing of Concentrations in Droplet-Based Assays (2004)

For screening the conditions for a reaction by using droplets (or plugs) as microreactors, the composition of the droplets must be indexed. Indexing here refers to measuring the concentration of a solute by addition of a marker, either internal or external. Indexing may be performed by forming droplet pairs, where in each pair the first droplet is used to conduct the reaction, and the second droplet is used to index the composition of the first droplet. This paper characterizes a method for creating droplet pairs by generating alternating droplets, of two sets of aqueous solutions in a flow of immiscible carrier fluid within PDMS and glass microfluidic channels. The paper also demonstrates that the technique can be used to index the composition of the droplets, and this application is illustrated by screening conditions of protein crystallization. The fluid properties required to form the steady flow of the alternating droplets in a microchannel were characterized as a function of the capillary number Ca and water fraction. Four regimes were observed. At the lowest values of Ca, the droplets of the two streams coalesced; at intermediate values of Ca the alternating droplets formed reliably. At even higher values of Ca, shear forces dominated and caused formation of droplets that were smaller than the cross-sectional dimension of the channel; at the highest values of Ca, coflowing laminar streams of the two immiscible fluids formed. In addition to screening of protein crystallization conditions, understanding of the fluid flow in this system may extend this indexing approach to other chemical and biological assays performed on a microfluidic chip.
Polarization-Controlled Tunable Directional Coupling of Surface Plasmon Polaritons (2013)

Light can be coupled into propagating electromagnetic surface waves at a metal-dielectric interface known as surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). This process has traditionally faced challenges in the polarization sensitivity of the coupling efficiency and in controlling the directionality of the SPPs. We designed and demonstrated plasmonic couplers that overcome these limits using polarization-sensitive apertures in a gold film. Our devices enable polarization-controlled tunable directional coupling with polarization-invariant total conversion efficiency and preserve the incident polarization information. Both bidirectional and unidirectional launching of SPPs are demonstrated. The design is further applied to circular structures that create radially convergent and divergent SPPs, illustrating that this concept can be extended to a broad range of applications.
Efficient Reduction of CO[sub 2] in a Solid Oxide Electrolyzer (2008)

The electrolysis of CO2 has been examined in a solid oxide electrolyzer (SOE) using a ceramic electrode based on La0.8 Sr0.2 Cr0.5 Mn0.5 O3 (LSCM), infiltrated into a yttria-stabilized zirconia scaffold together with 0.5 wt % Pd supported on 5 wt % Ce0.48 Zr0.48 Y0.04 O2. An SOE with this electrode exhibited a total cell impedance of 0.36 cm2 at 1073 K for operation in CO- CO2 mixtures. An additional benefit is that the CO- CO2 electrode was shown to be redox stable, with LSCM exhibiting good conductivity in both oxidizing and reducing environments, so that the cell can operate in pure CO2.
Lipoprotein Lipase-mediated Selective Uptake from Low Density Lipoprotein Requires Cell Surface Proteoglycans and Is Independent of Scavenger Receptor Class B Type 1 (2000)

Lipoprotein lipase (LpL) hydrolyzes chylomicron and very low density lipoprotein triglycerides to provide fatty acids to tissues. Aside from its lipolytic activity, LpL promotes lipoprotein uptake by increasing the association of these particles with cell surfaces allowing for the internalization by receptors and proteoglycans. Recent studies also indicate that LpL stimulates selective uptake of lipids from high density lipoprotein (HDL) and very low density lipoprotein. To study whether LpL can mediate selective uptake of lipids from low density lipoprotein (LDL), LpL was incubated with LDL receptor negative fibroblasts, and the uptake of LDL protein, labeled with (125)I, and cholesteryl esters traced with [(3)H]cholesteryl oleoyl ether, was compared. LpL mediated greater uptake of [(3)H]cholesteryl oleoyl ether than (125)I-LDL protein, a result that indicated selective lipid uptake. Lipid enrichment of cells was confirmed by measuring cellular cholesterol mass. LpL-mediated LDL selective uptake was not affected by the LpL inhibitor tetrahydrolipstatin but was nearly abolished by heparin, monoclonal anti-LpL antibodies, or chlorate treatment of cells and was not found using proteoglycan-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cells. Selective uptake from HDL, but not LDL, was 2-3-fold greater in scavenger receptor class B type I overexpressing cells (SR-BI cells) than compared control cells. LpL, however, induced similar increases in selective uptake from LDL and HDL in either control or SR-BI cells, indicative of the SR-BI-independent pathway. This was further supported by ability of LpL to promote selective uptake from LDL in human embryonal kidney 293 cells, cells that do not express SR-BI. In Chinese hamster ovary cell lines that overexpress LpL, we also found that selective uptake from LDL was induced by both endogenous and exogenous LpL. Transgenic mice that overexpress human LpL via a muscle creatine kinase promoter had more LDL selective uptake in muscle than did wild type mice. In summary LpL stimulates selective uptake of cholesteryl esters from LDL via pathways that are distinct from SR-BI. Moreover this process also occurs in vivo in tissues where abundant LpL is present.
Mechanisms of Hemorrhagic Transformation After Tissue Plasminogen Activator Reperfusion Therapy for Ischemic Stroke (2004)

Reperfusion therapy with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a rational therapy for acute ischemic stroke. Properly titrated use of tPA improves clinical outcomes. However, there is also an associated risk of hemorrhagic transformation after tPA therapy. Emerging data now suggest that some of these potentially neurotoxic side effects of tPA may be due to its signaling actions in the neurovascular unit. Besides its intended role in clot lysis, tPA is also an extracellular protease and signaling molecule in brain. tPA mediates matrix remodeling during brain development and plasticity. By interacting with the NMDA-type glutamate receptor, tPA may amplify potentially excitotoxic calcium currents. At selected concentrations, tPA may be vasoactive. Finally, by augmenting matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) dysregulation after stroke, tPA may degrade extracellular matrix integrity and increase risks of neurovascular cell death, blood-brain barrier leakage, edema, and hemorrhage. Understanding these pleiotropic actions of tPA may reveal new therapeutic opportunities for combination stroke therapy.
Reproducibility and accuracy of measurements with a hand held autorefractor in children (1997)

Reproducibility of Retinomax measured values in children is comparable with reproducibility of retinoscopy, subjective refraction, and autorefraction measurements in adults. Agreement between Retinomax and retinoscopy and agreement between Retinomax and subjective refinement in children is comparable with agreement between autorefraction and subjective refraction in adults. The study indicates that the Retinomax is a useful instrument for measuring refractive errors in young children.
Tombola, a tesmin/TSO1-family protein, regulates transcriptional activation in theDrosophilamale germline and physically interacts with Always early (2007)

During male gametogenesis, a developmentally regulated and cell type-specific transcriptional programme is activated in primary spermatocytes to prepare for differentiation of sperm. The Drosophila aly-class meiotic-arrest loci (aly, comr, achi/vis and topi) are essential for activation of transcription of many differentiation-specific genes, and several genes important for meiotic cell cycle progression, thus linking meiotic divisions to cellular differentiation during spermatogenesis. Protein interaction studies suggest that the aly-class gene products form a chromatin-associated complex in primary spermatocytes. We identify, clone and characterise a new aly-class meiotic-arrest gene, tombola (tomb), which encodes a testis-specific CXC-domain protein that interacts with Aly. The tomb mutant phenotype is more like that of aly and comr mutants than that of achi/vis or topi mutants in terms of target gene profile and chromosome morphology. tomb encodes a chromatin-associated protein required for localisation of Aly and Comr, but not Topi, to chromatin Reciprocally, aly and comr, but not topi or achi/vis, are required to maintain the normal localisation of Tomb. tomb and aly might be components of a complex paralogous to the Drosophila dREAM/Myb-MuvB and C. elegans DRM transcriptional regulatory complexes.
<p>Rational treatment of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy with capsaicin 8% patch: from pain relief towards disease modification</p> (2019)

Capsaicin 8% patch provides significant pain relief in CIPN, and may lead to regeneration and restoration of sensory nerve fibers ie, disease modification.
Spatio-temporal coding in complex media for optimum beamforming: the iterative time-reversal approach (2005)

Spatio-temporal encoding in transmit and receive modes is of major importance in the development of ultrasound imaging devices. Classically, the assumption of constant sound speed in the medium allows one to restrict the beamforming process to the application of a cylindrical time-delay law on the elements of a multiple-transducer array. Here is proposed an iterative time-reversal method capable of taking into account all the heterogeneities of the medium, concerning density, speed of sound, and absorption variations. It will be shown that this iterative focusing process converges toward a spatio-temporal inverse filter focusing, the first step of the process being a time-reversal focusing on the targeted point. This method can be seen as a calibration process and has been successfully applied to transskull focusing and intraplate echoes suppression. It is leading the way to promising applications such as high-resolution ultrasonic brain imaging and high-resolution focusing through complex reverberating media, in nondestructive testing and telecommunications. This work highlights the advantages of using spatio-temporal coding to focus through complex media. Such codes require the use of fully programmable, multichannel electronics to implement this technique in real time.
Preparation and characterization of PMMA-clay hybrid composite by emulsion polymerization (1996)

Nanocomposites are prepared by a simple technique of emulsion polymerization using MMA monomer and Na+-montmorillonite. The products are purified by hot toluene extraction and characterized by FT-IR, X-ray diffraction, TGA, DSC, and tensile testing. The structural investigation confirms that the products are intercalated with PMMA chain molecules oriented parallel to the direction of lamellar layers whose separation is consequently more enlarged than in the polymer-free clay. DSC traces also corroborate the confinement of the polymer in the inorganic layer by exhibiting no observable transition in the thermogram. Both the thermal stability and tensile properties of the products appear to be substantially enhanced. The ion-dipole bonding is believed to be the driving force for the introduction and fixation of the organic polymer to the interfaces of montmorillonite. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Umbilical cord blood transplantation: current state of the art (2002)

Human leukocyte antigen-matched sibling donor umbilical cord blood transplantation, or 0-2 human leukocyte antigen mismatched unrelated donor umbilical cord blood, is now considered an acceptable alternative to the use of bone marrow as a source for hematopoietic stem cells for pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and is being investigated in adults. Major advantages of umbilical cord blood include the speed of availability compared with unrelated donor bone marrow, and tolerance of 1-2 human leukocyte antigen mismatch, which offers the opportunity to extend the donor pool. Umbilical cord blood transplantation is associated with durable engraftment and low incidence of severe graft-versus-host disease, even in the 1-2 human leukocyte antigen mismatched setting. Clinical experience has established the importance of graft cell dose in determining engraftment and survival in unrelated donor umbilical cord blood transplantation. More recently, the influence of human leukocyte antigen on outcome has become apparent. This review outlines the state of the art of umbilical cord blood transplantation, with emphasis on practical considerations in umbilical cord blood selection, and describes current research directions for this hematopoietic stem cell source.
Derivatives of 3-Amino-2-methylpyridine as BAZ2B Bromodomain Ligands: In Silico Discovery and in Crystallo Validation (2016)

The 3-amino-2-methylpyridine derivative 1 was identified as ligand of the BAZ2B bromodomain by automatic docking of nearly 500 compounds, selected on the basis of previous fragment hits. Hit expansion by two in silico approaches, pharmacophore search followed by docking, and substructure search resulted in five additional ligands. The predicted binding mode of the six 3-amino-2-methylpyridine derivatives was validated by protein crystallography. A small displacement of residues 1894-1899 of the ZA loop is observed for two of the six ligands. In all structures, the pyridine head is involved in a water-mediated hydrogen bond with the side chain of the conserved Tyr1901 while the 3-amino linker acts as hydrogen bond donor for the backbone carbonyl of Pro1888. Heterogeneous orientations are observed for the tail groups (i.e., the 3-amino substituents). The sulfonyl group in the tail of compounds 1 and 2 is involved in a hydrogen bond with the backbone amide of Asn1894.
Fundamental Concepts of Dependability (2000)

1. Origins and Integration of the Concepts Critical Applications was held in 1989. This and the six working conferences that followed fostered the interaction of the dependability and security communities, and advanced the integration of security (confidentiality, integrity and availability) into the framework of dependable computing [22]. A summary of [22] is presented next. The concept of dependable computing first appears in the 1830’s in the context of Babbage’s Calculating Engine [1,2]. The first generation of electronic computers (late 1940’s to mid-50’s) used rather unreliable components, therefore practical techniques were employed to improve their reliability, such as error control codes, duplexing with comparison, triplication with voting, diagnostics to locate failed components, etc. [3-5]. 2. The Principal Concepts: a Summary
Molecular diagnosis of sepsis: New aspects and recent developments (2014)

By shortening the time to pathogen identification and allowing for detection of organisms missed by blood culture, new molecular methods may provide clinical benefits for the management of patients with sepsis. While a number of reviews on the diagnosis of sepsis have recently been published we here present up-to-date new developments including multiplex PCR, mass spectrometry and array techniques. We focus on those techniques that are commercially available and for which clinical studies have been performed and published.
Comparison of Six DNA Extraction Methods for Recovery of Fungal DNA as Assessed by Quantitative PCR (2005)

The detection of fungal pathogens in clinical samples by PCR requires the use of extraction methods that efficiently lyse fungal cells and recover DNA suitable for amplification. We used quantitative PCR assays to measure the recovery of DNA from two important fungal pathogens subjected to six DNA extraction methods. Aspergillus fumigatus conidia or Candida albicans yeast cells were added to bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and subjected to DNA extraction in order to assess the recovery of DNA from a defined number of fungal propagules. In order to simulate hyphal growth in tissue, Aspergillus fumigatus conidia were allowed to form mycelia in tissue culture media and then harvested for DNA extraction. Differences among the DNA yields from the six extraction methods were highly significant (P<0.0001) in each of the three experimental systems. An extraction method based on enzymatic lysis of fungal cell walls (yeast cell lysis plus the use of GNOME kits) produced high levels of fungal DNA with Candida albicans but low levels of fungal DNA with Aspergillus fumigatus conidia or hyphae. Extraction methods employing mechanical agitation with beads produced the highest yields with Aspergillus hyphae. The Master Pure yeast method produced high levels of DNA from C. albicans but only moderate yields from A. fumigatus. A reagent from one extraction method was contaminated with fungal DNA, including DNA from Aspergillus and Candida species. In conclusion, the six extraction methods produce markedly differing yields of fungal DNA and thus can significantly affect the results of fungal PCR assays. No single extraction method was optimal for all organisms.
Courtyard by Marriott: Designing a Hotel Facility with Consumer-Based Marketing Models (1989)

Marriott used conjoint analysis to design a new hotel chain. The study provided specific guidelines for selecting target market segments, positioning services, and designing an improved facility in terms of physical layout and services. Based on these strategy and design recommendations, Marriott developed the Courtyard by Marriott concept, which it has successfully test marketed and subsequently introduced nationally. The effectiveness of the study and associated processes also changed Marriott's approach to new product development. Marriott has since developed additional lodging and related products successfully using similar procedures.
Measurement of photoluminescence quantum yields. Review (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTMeasurement of photoluminescence quantum yields. ReviewGlenn A. Crosby and James N. DemasCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1971, 75, 8, 991–1024Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100678a001https://doi.org/10.1021/j100678a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views19221Altmetric-Citations4333LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Single‐port laparoscopic surgery: initial experience in children for varicocelectomy (2008)

We report the first use of a multicannula single laparoscopic port in children and for SPLV. This new laparoscopic approach, similar to any new technique, requires further experience to fully evaluate its benefits and limitations.
The Extreme C Terminus of Rat Liver Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase I Is Not Involved in Malonyl-CoA Sensitivity but in Initial Protein Folding (2002)

We previously reported that the N-terminal domain (1-147 residues) of rat liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (L-CPTI) was essential for import into the outer mitochondrial membrane and for maintenance of a malonyl-CoA-sensitive conformation. Malonyl-CoA binding experiments using mitochondria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing wild-type L-CPTI or previously constructed chimeric CPTs (Cohen, I., Kohl, C., McGarry, J.D., Girard, J., and Prip-Buus, C. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 29896-29904) indicated that the N-terminal domain was unable, independently of the C-terminal domain, to bind malonyl-CoA with a high affinity, suggesting that the modulation of malonyl-CoA sensitivity occurred through N/C intramolecular interactions. To assess the role of the C terminus in malonyl-CoA sensitivity, a series of C-terminal deletion mutants was generated. The kinetic properties of Delta772-773 and Delta767-773 deletion mutants were similar to those of L-CPTI, indicating that the last two highly conserved Lys residues in all known L-CPTI species were not functionally essential. By contrast, Delta743-773 deletion mutant was totally inactive and unfolded, as shown by its sensitivity to trypsin proteolysis. Because the C terminus of the native folded L-CPTI could be cleaved by trypsin without inducing protein unfolding, we concluded that the last 31 C-terminal residues constitute a secondary structural determinant essential for the initial protein folding of L-CPTI.
Mapping protein-protein interactions by affinity-directed mass spectrometry. (1996)

A precise and rapid method for identifying sites of interaction between proteins was demonstrated; the basis of the method is direct mass spectrometric readout from the complex to determine the specific components of the proteins that interact--a method termed affinity-directed mass spectrometry. The strategy was used to define the region of interaction of a protein growth factor with a monoclonal antibody. A combination of proteolytic digestion and affinity-directed mass spectrometry was used to rapidly determine the approximate location of a continuous binding epitope within the growth factor. The precise boundaries of the binding epitope were determined by affinity-directed mass spectrometric analysis of sets of synthetic peptide ladders that span the approximate binding region. In addition to the mapping of such linear epitopes, affinity-directed mass spectrometry can be applied to the mapping of other types of molecule-molecule contacts, including ligand-receptor and protein-oligonucleotide interactions.