gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Bovine Renal Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Receptor Has Equal Affinity for Two Different Amino Acid Sequences: The Receptor Binding Domains of PTH and PTH-Related Protein Are Located within the 14–34 Region (1990)

Previous studies examining the interaction of PTH and PTH-related protein (PTHrP) with target tissue have for the most part emphasized the similarity between the two hormones in binding to and activating receptors. This observation that two peptides with limited homology have equal affinities for the same receptor is unusual. In this report we investigated two aspects of PTH/PTHrP-receptor interactions. First, the nonhomologous 14-34 regions of PTH and PTHrP were synthesized and evaluated. Second, hybrid peptides containing the 7-18 fragment of one hormone combined with the 19-34 region of the other hormone were studied to determine whether interactions between these two regions are required for receptor recognition. All four peptides were examined in bovine renal cortical membrane and rat osteosarcoma (ROS 17/2.8) cell PTH-binding and PTH-stimulated adenylate cyclase assays. The results indicate that the receptor-binding domains of PTH and PTHrP lie outside of the 1-13 region, the region containing sequence homology shared by the two hormones, and that two peptides of different amino acid sequence bind with equal affinity to the bovine renal PTH receptor. However, in the absence of the N-terminal region, the rat bone PTH receptor displays a preference for the C-terminal (19-34 sequence) region of PTHrP.
PEGylated Immunoliposomes Directed Against Brain Astrocytes (2004)

Polyethylene glycol (PEG)ylated (stealth) immunoliposomes directed against human gliofibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were prepared by coupling the thiolated monoclonal anti-GFAP antibodies with a maleimide derivative of phosphatidyl ethanolamine of the liposomal membrane. Experiments with cell cultures demonstrated specific and competitive binding of these immunoliposomes to embryonic rat brain astrocytes. Administered intravenously into rats, the immunoliposomes displayed typical kinetics with elimination half-lives of 8-15 hr. Being incapable of penetrating the unimpaired blood-brain barrier (BBB), these immunoliposomes, nevertheless, may be useful in delivering drugs to glial brain tumors (which continue to express GFAP) or to other pathological loci in the brain with a partially disintegrated BBB.
Electroporation of Cardiac Cell Membranes with Monophasic or Biphasic Rectangular Pulses (1991)

During defibrillation, cardioversion, and electrocution trauma, heart cells are exposed to potential gradients that increase the transmembrane potential (Vm). At sufficiently high Vm, pathological increases in cell permeability can occur. With enzymatically isolated frog heart cells (n = 29) we investigated the voltage and time sufficient for electroporation or cardiac cell membranes with rectangular voltage pulses, particularly with 5-msec monophasic, and 5- or 10-msec biphasic pulses. The rectangular voltage pulse (monophasic 0.1-1.5 V, 0.1-100 msec or symmetric biphasic 0.1-1 V, 0.4-10 msec [total duration]) was applied to the cell membrane using the cell-attached patch clamp technique, and a low voltage pulse train was added so that membrane conductance could be monitored continuously. Step increases in membrane conductance (breakdown) were observed, indicative of electroporation, and occurred with different combinations of pulse amplitude and duration; for example, for monophasic square pulses: (1 V, 0.2 msec) or (0.5 V, 0.5 msec), and for biphasic pulses: (1 V, 0.4 msec total duration) or (0.5 V, 0.8 msec). Using 5- or 10-msec rectangular pulses, breakdown occurred at a voltage around 0.4 V independent of polarity or waveform. The recovery of the permeabilized cell membrane after the voltage pulse was highly variable, in some cases not recovering at all while in other cases recovering after a lapse of seconds to minutes. These results suggest that monophasic and biphasic pulses of approximately 1 V, 0.2-0.4 msec and approximately 0.4 V, 5 msec can permeabilize the heart cell membrane even for minutes, time enough to cause an alteration in the cellular ionic composition leading to depressed or unexcitable tissue, a precursor for cardiac arrhythmia.
Style Grammars for Interactive Visualization of Architecture (2007)

Interactive visualization of architecture provides a way to quickly visualize existing or novel buildings and structures. Such applications require both fast rendering and an effortless input regimen for creating and changing architecture using high-level editing operations that automatically fill in the necessary details. Procedural modeling and synthesis is a powerful paradigm that yields high data amplification and can be coupled with fast-rendering techniques to quickly generate plausible details of a scene without much or any user interaction. Previously, forward generating procedural methods have been proposed where a procedure is explicitly created to generate particular content. In this paper, we present our work in inverse procedural modeling of buildings and describe how to use an extracted repertoire of building grammars to facilitate the visualization and quick modification of architectural structures and buildings. We demonstrate an interactive application where the user draws simple building blocks and, using our system, can automatically complete the building "in the style of" other buildings using view-dependent texture mapping or nonphotorealistic rendering techniques. Our system supports an arbitrary number of building grammars created from user subdivided building models and captured photographs. Using only edit, copy, and paste metaphors, the entire building styles can be altered and transferred from one building to another in a few operations, enhancing the ability to modify an existing architectural structure or to visualize a novel building in the style of the others.
A Murine Model to Study Epilepsy and SUDEP Induced by Malaria Infection (2017)

One of the largest single sources of epilepsy in the world is produced as a neurological sequela in survivors of cerebral malaria. Nevertheless, the pathophysiological mechanisms of such epileptogenesis remain unknown and no adjunctive therapy during cerebral malaria has been shown to reduce the rate of subsequent epilepsy. There is no existing animal model of postmalarial epilepsy. In this technical report we demonstrate the first such animal models. These models were created from multiple mouse and parasite strain combinations, so that the epilepsy observed retained universality with respect to genetic background. We also discovered spontaneous sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) in two of our strain combinations. These models offer a platform to enable new preclinical research into mechanisms and prevention of epilepsy and SUDEP.
The Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea as a Risk Factor for Unanticipated Admissions in Outpatient Surgery (2003)

In patients scheduled for outpatient surgery in a large academic practice, the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea confirmed by polysomnography was not an independent risk factor for unanticipated hospital admission or for other adverse perioperative events.
Geometric calibration of a mobile C‐arm for intraoperative cone‐beam CT (2008)

A geometric calibration method that determines a complete description of source-detector geometry was adapted to a mobile C-arm for cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The non-iterative calibration algorithm calculates a unique solution for the positions of the source (X(s), Y(s), Z(s)), detector (X(d), Y(d), Z(d)), piercing point (U(o), V(o)), and detector rotation angles (phi, theta, eta) based on projections of a phantom consisting of two plane-parallel circles of ball bearings encased in a cylindrical acrylic tube. The prototype C-arm system was based on a Siemens PowerMobil modified to provide flat-panel CBCT for image-guided interventions. The magnitude of geometric nonidealities in the source-detector orbit was measured, and the short-term (approximately 4 h) and long-term (approximately 6 months) reproducibility of the calibration was evaluated. The C-arm exhibits large geometric nonidealities due to mechanical flex, with maximum departures from the average semicircular orbit of deltaU(o) = 15.8 mm and deltaV(o) = 9.8 mm (for the piercing point), deltaX and deltaY = 6-8 mm and deltaZ = 1 mm (for the source and detector), and deltaphi approximately 2.9 degrees, deltatheta approximately 1.9 degrees, and delta eta approximately 0.8 degrees (for the detector tilt/rotation). Despite such significant departures from a semicircular orbit, these system parameters were found to be reproducible, and therefore correctable by geometric calibration. Short-term reproducibility was < 0.16 mm (subpixel) for the piercing point coordinates, < 0.25 mm for the source-detector X and Y, < 0.035 mm for the source-detector Z, and < 0.02 degrees for the detector angles. Long-term reproducibility was similarly high, demonstrated by image quality and spatial resolution measurements over a period of 6 months. For example, the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) in axial images of a thin steel wire increased slightly as a function of the time (delta) between calibration and image acquisition: FWHM=0.62, 0.63, 0.66, 0.71, and 0.72 mm at delta = 0 s, 1 h, 1 day, 1 month, and 6 months, respectively. For ongoing clinical trials in CBCT-guided surgery at our institution, geometric calibration is conducted monthly to provide sufficient three-dimensional (3D) image quality while managing time and workflow considerations of the calibration and quality assurance process. The sensitivity of 3D image quality to each of the system parameters was investigated, as was the tolerance to systematic and random errors in the geometric parameters, showing the most sensitive parameters to be the piercing point coordinates (U(o), V(o)) and in-plane positions of the source (X(s), Y(s)) and detector (X(d), Y(d)). Errors in the out-of-plane position of the source (Z(s)) and detector (Z(d)) and the detector angles (phi, theta, eta) were shown to have subtler effects on 3D image quality.
An Internet-Based Program to Improve Self-Management in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes (2009)

OBJECTIVE To report results from YourWay, an Internet-based self-management intervention for adolescents with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 72 adolescents with type 1 diabetes, ages 13-17 years, were randomized to a usual-care-plus-Internet support or a usual-care group. The intervention was designed to enhance problem-solving barriers to self-management. A1C was obtained from medical records, and problem-solving and self-management were obtained via adolescent report. RESULTS Group differences were not statistically significant using intent-to-treat analyses. Using as-treated analyses, adolescents in the treatment condition showed statistically significant improvement in self-management (d = 0.64; P = 0.02) and important improvements in problem-solving (d = 0.30; P = 0.23) and A1C (d = -0.28; P = 0.27). Mean A1C for the intervention group remained constant (-0.01%), while the control group increased (0.33%). CONCLUSIONS This brief trial suggests that self-management support delivered through a secure website may improve self-management and offset typical decreases in adolescent glycemic control.
5 mW/Gbps hybrid-integrated Si-photonics-based optical I/O cores and their 25-Gbps/ch error-free operation with over 300-m MMF (2015)

We developed 5 mm square Si-photonics-based chip-scale optical transmitters/receivers called “optical I/O cores”. The power consumption of their hybrid-integrated ICs is 5 mW/Gbps. We demonstrated 25-Gbps/ch error-free operation over 300-m MMF in the O band.
Perioperative Contamination in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty (2005)

Diagnostic study, Level I-1 (testing of previously developed diagnostic criteria in series of consecutive patients--with universally applied reference gold standard). See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Microelectrode techniques : the Plymouth Workshop handbook (1994)

This is an electronic copy of the Plymouth Workshop Handbook reproduced with permission from the Company of Biologists (www.biologists.com).

The Handbook accompanies the workshop Microelectrode Techniques for Cell Physiology held annually at the Marine Biological Association, Plymouth http://www.mba.ac.uk/microelectrode-techniques-cell-physiology#b6.
Development of Fibrosis after Lung Irradiation in Relation to Inflammation and Lung Function in a Mouse Strain Prone to Fibrosis (1994)

The development of lung fibrosis after single-dose thoracic irradiation was studied histologically in C57L/J male mice. Lung function was monitored using uptake of carbon monoxide. During the latent period (prior to 15 weeks postirradiation) mice were chosen at random, while during the early phase (15-22 weeks) mice were sacrificed when they developed a functional deficit of at least 50%. Excess mice with a deficit of 50% in the early phase were followed into the late phase and sacrificed at 31 or 40 weeks. Two scoring methods were used to quantify lung damage. Fibrotic lesions and foci of inflammation were counted for the latent period, and the proportion of nonfunctional acini was determined for the early and late phases. After a dose 1 Gy less than the LD50/180, small regions of mild inflammatory infiltration appeared at 6 weeks, and small, focal fibrotic lesions containing numerous macrophages appeared at 8 weeks postirradiation. The number of fibrotic lesions increased steadily during the latent period in a manner that is consistent with conversion of inflammatory lesions to foci of fibrosis. Mice sacrificed upon developing a 50% functional deficit during the early phase had approximately equal proportions of lung affected by fibrosis and inflammation. Those mice which developed a similar respiratory deficit in the early phase and were followed into the late phase usually showed little change in lung function. However, when sacrificed at 31 weeks they had twice as much fibrosis and very little inflammation, suggesting that the inflammatory lesions had become fibrosed. The average number of macrophages per unit area of fibrosis declined during the latent period and changed little during the early and late phases. Lymphocytes and mast cells were also quantified in fibrosed regions.
Refolding of human class II major histocompatibility complex molecules isolated from Escherichia coli. Assembly of peptide-free heterodimers and increased refolding-yield in the presence of antigenic peptide. (1994)

The alpha- and beta-chains of the heterodimeric major histocompatibility complex molecules HLA-DRB5*0101 and DRB1*0101 were expressed separately in Escherichia coli. The cytoplasmic and membrane-spanning domains of both chains were replaced by oligohistidine tags to allow purification by metal chelate chromatography. The recombinant proteins were refolded to peptide-free, water-soluble heterodimers by removal of major amounts of detergents and concomitant reoxidiation of disulfide bonds. Correct conformation was documented by three criteria: (a) affinity binding experiments using the antibody L243, which is known to recognize a conformational epitope formed only by correctly associated heterodimers; (b) specific binding of peptides to the refolded molecules; (c) recognition of peptides bound to refolded HLA-DR molecules by T-cells as reflected by Ca2+ influx into T-cells and production of interferon-gamma. The refolding reaction did not absolutely depend on the presence of peptides. The yield of peptide-free heterodimers was 3.0%. However, the yield of refolded heterodimer was increased to 10% if refolding was performed in the presence of antigenic peptides.
Dissociable Intrinsic Connectivity Networks for Salience Processing and Executive Control (2007)

Variations in neural circuitry, inherited or acquired, may underlie important individual differences in thought, feeling, and action patterns. Here, we used task-free connectivity analyses to isolate and characterize two distinct networks typically coactivated during functional MRI tasks. We identified a "salience network," anchored by dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC) and orbital frontoinsular cortices with robust connectivity to subcortical and limbic structures, and an "executive-control network" that links dorsolateral frontal and parietal neocortices. These intrinsic connectivity networks showed dissociable correlations with functions measured outside the scanner. Prescan anxiety ratings correlated with intrinsic functional connectivity of the dACC node of the salience network, but with no region in the executive-control network, whereas executive task performance correlated with lateral parietal nodes of the executive-control network, but with no region in the salience network. Our findings suggest that task-free analysis of intrinsic connectivity networks may help elucidate the neural architectures that support fundamental aspects of human behavior.
Morphine-like Activity of Natural Human IgG Autoantibodies Is because of Binding to the First and Third Extracellular Loops of the μ-Opioid Receptor (1999)

We have previously demonstrated that randomly selected healthy individuals express anti-human mu-opioid receptor antibodies which behave as agonist in vitro. In this study, we show that the activity of these antibodies was not affected by the deletion of the amino-terminal region of the receptor. Using agarose-bound peptide columns, we affinity-purified IgG specifically directed toward each extracellular loop. Whatever its specificity, each anti-human mu-opioid receptor (hMOR) extracellular loop peptide IgG preparation was unable, when examined individually, to reduce adenylate cyclase activity. Activation of the hMOR was, however, achieved by the simultaneous binding of IgG to the first and third extracellular loops of the receptor. Our results suggest that the simultaneous binding of IgG antibodies to these two loops mimics morphine-induced receptor activation by triggering a coordinated shift of the third and sixth transmembrane helices.
The Downhole EM Response of an Intersected Massive Sulphide Deposit, South Australia (1987)

A downhole EM (DHEM) case history is presented for a massive pyrite-pyrrhotite body discovered during base metal exploration within the Kanmantoo Trough, South Australia. Two transmitter loop locations were used to survey hole WCP2 which intersected two sulphidic intervals totalling a width of 35 m. Changes in the shape of the DHEM profiles with time indicate a complex evolution of the induced eddy current system after transmitter turnoff. At early times, the DHEM response is dominated by currents in the host rock. Superimposed on the host response is the conductor anomaly which changes in sign from early to late time. This sign change is interpreted to result from the use of dB/dt rather than B field measurements. With time, the system of eddy currents within the conductors first expands across the drill hole, then contracts to a late time position above the drillhole. This behaviour is related to the nature of diffusion of electromagnetic fields into a conducting earth and to the strong coupling between the upper parts of the conductor and the transmitter.
Hormonal impact of the 17α-hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase inhibitor abiraterone acetate (CB7630) in patients with prostate cancer (2004)

A series of three dose escalating studies were conducted to investigate the ability of the 17alpha-hydroxylase/C(17,20)-lyase inhibitor abiraterone acetate, to cause maximum suppression of testosterone synthesis when delivered to castrate and noncastrate males with prostate cancer. Study A was a single dose study in castrate males. Study B was a single dose study in noncastrate males and study C was a multiple dose study in noncastrate males. The drug was given orally in a once-daily dose and blood samples taken to assess pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters and hormone levels in all patients. The study drug was well tolerated with some variability in PKs. Suppression of testosterone levels to <0.14 nmol l(-1) was seen in four out of six castrate males treated with a single dose of 500 mg. At 800 mg given days 1-12 in noncastrate males, target suppression was achieved in three out of three patients, but a two- to three-fold increase of Luteinising Hormone (LH) levels in two out of three patients overcame suppression within 3 days. All patients in the multiple dose study developed an abnormal response to a short Synacthen test by day 11, although baseline cortisol levels remained normal. This is the first report of the use of a specific 17alpha-hydroxylase/(17,20)-lyase inhibitor in humans. Repeated treatment of men with intact gonadal function with abiraterone acetate at a dose of 800 mg can successfully suppress testosterone levels to the castrate range. However, this level of suppression may not be sustained in all patients due to compensatory hypersecretion of LH. The enhanced testosterone suppression achieved in castrate men merits further clinical study as a second-line hormonal treatment for prostate cancer. Adrenocortical suppression may necessitate concomitant administration of replacement glucocorticoid.
Endogenous Subclinical Hyperthyroidism Affects Quality of Life and Cardiac Morphology and Function in Young and Middle-Aged Patients* (2000)

To determine the clinical impact of endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism, specific symptoms and signs of thyroid hormone excess and quality of life were assessed in 23 patients (3 males and 20 females; mean age, 43 +/- 9 yr) and 23 age-, sex-, and lifestyle-matched normal subjects by using the Symptoms Rating Scale and the Short Form 36 Health Survey questionnaires. Because the heart is one of the main target organs of the thyroid hormone, cardiac morphology and function were also investigated by means of standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), 24-h Holter ECG, and complete Doppler echocardiography. Stable endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism had been diagnosed in all patients at least 6 months before the study (TSH, 0.15 +/- 0.1 mU/L; free T(3), 6.9 +/- 1.1, pmol/L; free T(4), 17.2 +/- 2.3, pmol/L). Fifteen patients were affected by multinodular goiter, and eight patients by autonomously functioning thyroid nodule. The mean Symptoms Rating Scale score (9. 8 +/- 5.5 vs. 4.3 +/- 2.2, P: < 0.001) and both the mental (36.1 +/- 9.5 vs. 50.0 +/- 8.5, P: < 0.001) and physical (42.6 +/- 8.0 vs. 55. 6 +/- 4.1, P: < 0.001) component scores of Short Form 36 Health Survey documented a significant prevalence of specific symptoms and signs of thyroid hormone excess and notable impairment of quality of life in patients. Holter ECG showed a higher prevalence of atrial premature beats in endogenous subclinical hyperthyroid patients than in the controls, but the difference was not statistically significant, although the average heart rate was significantly increased in the patients (P: < 0.001). An increase of left ventricular mass (162 +/- 24 vs. 132 +/- 22 g, P: < 0.001) due to the increase of septal (P: = 0.025) and posterior wall (P: = 0.004) thickness was observed in patients. Systolic function was enhanced in patients as shown by the significant increase of both fractional shortening (P: = 0.005) and mean velocity of heart rate-adjusted circumferential fiber shortening (P: = 0.036). The Doppler parameters of diastolic function were significantly impaired in the patients as documented by the reduced early to late ratio of the transmitral flow velocities (P: < 0.001) and the prolonged isovolumic relaxation time (P: = 0.006). These data indicate that endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism has a relevant clinical impact and that it affects cardiac morphology and function. Moreover, they suggest that treatment of persistent endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism should be considered also in young and middle-aged patients to attenuate specific symptoms and signs of thyroid hormone excess, ameliorate the quality of life, and avoid the consequences to the heart of long exposure to a mild excess of thyroid hormone.