gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of agrin in the developing and adult rat brain (1997)

Agrin, a synaptic basal lamina protein, is essential for the formation of the vertebrate neuromuscular junction. Agrin's role in synaptogenesis in the central nervous system has, however, not been elucidated. Therefore, we performed immunohistochemical analysis of agrin localization in adult rat brain using agrin-specific polyclonal antibodies. Our results show that agrin immunoreactivity is detected in neuronal cells throughout the brain, and that agrin is expressed in many morphologically and neurochemically distinct neuronal populations. Within neurons, agrin-immunoreactive material is present in dendrites. To determine agrin isoform expression in the central nervous system, we analysed the pattern of expression of several isoforms during development of the rat brain. Our results indicate that alternative splicing of agrin is specifically regulated in the nervous system; isoforms of the Y=4 (i.e. Ag x,4,0, Ag x,4,8 and Ag x,4,19), Z=8 and Z=19 type are expressed exclusively in the nervous system. Agrin expression precedes synaptogenesis and is developmentally regulated in neural tissues. To evaluate stimuli that may be involved in the regulation of agrin expression, we monitored the patterns of isoform expression following a depolarizing stimulus. Our results show that agrin expression in the adult hippocampus is regulated in an activity-dependent manner, with kinetics of induction resembling a delayed early response gene.
DSC evaluation of epoxy and polyimide‐impregnated laminates (prepregs) (1977)

Abstract Differential scanning calorimetry has been applied to the study of epoxy–glass and Kerimid 601 (polyimide–glass) prepregs used in making multilayer printed wiring boards. The data generated through thermal analysis are thermodynamic and kinetic. Thermodynamic properties of B‐stage prepregs obtained are endothermal and exothermal peak temperatures, glass transition temperatures, and heats of residual cure. They were obtained from thermograms made at fixed scanning rates. Kinetic information obtained from isothermal cure scans gave rates of residual cure, cure times, and energies of activations. This information gives the process engineer useful information for controlling the processing of multilayer printed wiring boards.
Customizing the genome as therapy for the β-hemoglobinopathies (2016)

Despite nearly complete understanding of the genetics of the β-hemoglobinopathies for several decades, definitive treatment options have lagged behind. Recent developments in technologies for facile manipulation of the genome (zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-based nucleases) raise prospects for their clinical application. The use of genome-editing technologies in autologous CD34(+) hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells represents a promising therapeutic avenue for the β-globin disorders. Genetic correction strategies relying on the homology-directed repair pathway may repair genetic defects, whereas genetic disruption strategies relying on the nonhomologous end joining pathway may induce compensatory fetal hemoglobin expression. Harnessing the power of genome editing may usher in a second-generation form of gene therapy for the β-globin disorders.
Fast concurrent lock-free binary search trees (2014)

We present a new lock-free algorithm for concurrent manipulation of a binary search tree in an asynchronous shared memory system that supports search, insert and delete operations. In addition to read and write instructions, our algorithm uses (single-word) compare-and-swap (CAS) and bit-test-and-set (SETB) atomic instructions, both of which are commonly supported by many modern processors including Intel~64 and AMD64.
Deciphering the luteal transcriptome: potential mechanisms mediating stage-specific luteolytic response of the corpus luteum to prostaglandin F2α (2011)

The objective of this study was to identify prostaglandin F(2α) (PG)-induced changes in the transcriptome of bovine corpora lutea (CL) that are specific to mature, PG-responsive (day 11) CL vs. developing (day 4) CL, which do not undergo luteolysis in response to PG administration. CL were collected at 0, 4, and 24 h after PG injection on days 4 and 11 of the estrous cycle (n = 5 per day and time point), and microarray analysis was performed with GeneChip Bovine Genome Arrays. Data normalization was performed with affy package and significance testing with maanova from Bioconductor. Significance (relative to 0 h time point) was declared at fold change >2.0 or <0.5 and false discovery rate of <5%. At 4 and 24 h after PG, 221 (day 4) and 661 (day 11) and 248 (day 4) and 1,421 (day 11) regulated genes, respectively, were identified. The accentuated gene expression response in day 11 CL was accompanied by specific enrichment of PG-regulated genes in distinctive gene ontology categories (immune related and other), particularly at 24 h after injection. Specificity in putative transcription factor binding sites was observed among PG-regulated genes on day 11 vs. day 4, including a potential association of ETS transcription factors with acute PG-induced gene expression specific to day 11 CL. Temporal and PG-induced regulation of abundance of mRNA for ETS transcription factor family members linked to the stage-specific response to PG was not observed. Increased abundance of protein and/or mRNA for six PG-regulated putative ETS-responsive genes was noted in day 11 but not day 4 CL. Results reveal insight into stage-specific gene expression in bovine CL in response to PG and potential transcriptional mediators of luteolysis.
1H NMR and FTIR studies of proton transfer reactions from C-acids to proton sponges (1992)

Protonation of 1,2-bis(dimethylaminomethyl)benzene (DMAMB) and 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene (DMAN) by various C-acids (1–5) in [2H3]acetonitrile has been studied by 1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. The mixtures of DMAMB or DMAN with C-acids in [2H3]acetonitrile form protonated bases, complicated species, and homoconjugated nitro–aci-nitro (–NOO ⋯ H ⋯ OON–)– hydrogen bonds. In the case of mixtures of DMAN with C-acids, a relatively slow chemical exchange in the 1H NMR spectrum is observed, whereas for the corresponding mixtures with DMAMB the chemical exchange is much faster and only sharp signals of ring and methyl group protons are observed. The complex equilibria occurring in the mixtures of DMAMB or DMAN with C-acids are discussed on the basis of NMR and FTIR results.
The use of phosphorothioate primers and exonuclease hydrolysis for the preparation of single-stranded PCR products and their detection by solid-phase hybridization. (1994)

The effect of phosphorothioate bonds on the hydrolytic activity of the 5'-->3' double-strand-specific T7 gene 6 exonuclease was studied. Double-stranded DNA substrates containing one phosphorothioate residue at the 5' end were found to be hydrolyzed by this enzyme as efficiently as unmodified ones. The enzyme activity was, however, completely inhibited by the presence of four phosphorothioates. On the basis of these results, a method for the conversion of double-stranded PCR products into full-length, single-stranded DNA fragments was developed. In this method, one of the PCR primers contains four phosphorothioates at its 5' end, and the opposite strand primer is unmodified. Following the amplification, the double-stranded product is treated with T7 gene 6 exonuclease. The phosphorothioated strand is protected from the action of this enzyme, whereas the opposite strand is hydrolyzed. When the phosphorothioated PCR primer is 5' biotinylated, the single-stranded PCR product can be easily detected colorimetrically after hybridization to an oligonucleotide probe immobilized on a microtiter plate. We also describe a simple and efficient method for the immobilization of relatively short oligonucleotides to microtiter plates with a hydrophilic surface in the presence of salt.
The Effect of Botulinum Neurotoxins on the Release of Insulin from the Insulinoma Cell Lines HIT-15 and RINm5F (1995)

Western blotting of the insulin-secreting beta-cell lines HIT-15 and RINm5F with anti-SNAP-25 (synaptosomal associated protein of 25 kDa), anti-synaptobrevin, and anti-syntaxin 1 antibodies revealed the presence of proteins with the same electrophoretic mobility as found in neural tissue. Permeabilization of both of these insulinoma cell lines to botulinum neurotoxin A by electroporation resulted, after 3 days of culture, in the loss of approximately 90% of SNAP-25 immunoreactivity. A similar permeabilization of these cells with botulinum neurotoxin B resulted in the cleavage of approximately 90% of the synaptobrevin-like immunoreactivities. Botulinum neurotoxin F also cleaved approximately 90% of the synaptobrevin-like immunoreactivity in RINm5F cells. The permeabilization of both insulinoma cells to neurotoxin A resulted in a > 90% inhibition of potassium-stimulated, calcium-dependent insulin release. By contrast, permeabilization of the insulinoma cell lines to neurotoxin B resulted in only a approximately 60% inhibition of potassium-stimulated insulin release in HIT-15 cells, and neither neurotoxin B nor F caused inhibition in RINm5F cells. Thus HIT-15 and RINm5F cells contain the components of the putative exocytotic docking complex described in cells derived from the neural crest. In HIT-15 cells both SNAP-25 and synaptobrevin appear to be involved in calcium-dependent insulin secretion, whereas in RINm5F cells SNAP-25 but not synaptobrevin is involved.
Brain activity patterns in high-throughput electrophysiology screen predict both drug efficacies and side effects (2018)

Neurological drugs are often associated with serious side effects, yet drug screens typically focus only on efficacy. We demonstrate a novel paradigm utilizing high-throughput in vivo electrophysiology and brain activity patterns (BAPs). A platform with high sensitivity records local field potentials (LFPs) simultaneously from many zebrafish larvae over extended periods. We show that BAPs from larvae experiencing epileptic seizures or drug-induced side effects have substantially reduced complexity (entropy), similar to reduced LFP complexity observed in Parkinson's disease. To determine whether drugs that enhance BAP complexity produces positive outcomes, we used light pulses to trigger seizures in a model of Dravet syndrome, an intractable genetic epilepsy. The highest-ranked compounds identified by BAP analysis exhibit far greater anti-seizure efficacy and fewer side effects during subsequent in-depth behavioral assessment. This high correlation with behavioral outcomes illustrates the power of brain activity pattern-based screens and identifies novel therapeutic candidates with minimal side effects.
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV is down‐regulated in rat hepatoma cells at the mRNA level (1993)

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) is a cell surface ectopeptidase that has been implicated in cell-extracellular matrix interactions, lymphocyte growth and the regulation of biological peptides. Previous studies have shown that immunostaining for DPP-IV and DPP-IV enzyme levels is decreased in hepatoma cells and levels have been correlated with the ability of such cells to adhere in vitro. The aim of this paper was to measure DPP-IV enzyme levels in rat hepatoma cells and to examine whether changes were associated with alterations at the mRNA level. The results indicate a greater than 90% reduction in DPP-IV enzyme levels in two rat hepatoma cell lines, HTC and H35, compared with rat hepatocytes. Enzyme levels of the control enzyme leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) were not decreased. mRNA studies indicated that these changes were associated with similar reductions in rat DPP-IV mRNA. It is concluded that DPP-IV is markedly reduced at the protein, enzyme and mRNA levels in rat hepatoma cells. The significance of these changes is unclear but may lead to decreased extracellular matrix interactions by such cells.
Processing of N‐Terminal Unnatural Amino Acids in Recombinant Human Interferon‐β in Escherichia coli (2007)

Incorporation of unnatural amino acids into recombinant proteins represents a powerful tool for protein engineering and protein therapeutic development. While the processing of the N-terminal methionine (Met) residues in proteins is well studied, the processing of unnatural amino acids used for replacing the N-terminal Met remains largely unknown. Here we report the effects of the penultimate residue (the residue after the initiator Met) on the processing of two unnatural amino acids, L-azidohomoalanine (AHA) and L-homopropargylglycine (HPG), at the N terminus of recombinant human interferon-beta in E. coli. We have identified specific amino acids at the penultimate position that can be used to efficiently retain or remove N-terminal AHA or HPG. Retention of N-terminal AHA or HPG can be achieved by choosing amino acids with large side chains (such as Gln, Glu, and His) at the penultimate position, while Ala can be selected for the removal of N-terminal AHA or HPG. Incomplete processing of N-terminal AHA and HPG (in terms of both deformylation and cleavage) was observed with Gly or Ser at the penultimate position.
Rare Variants Create Synthetic Genome-Wide Associations (2010)

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have now identified at least 2,000 common variants that appear associated with common diseases or related traits (http://www.genome.gov/gwastudies), hundreds of which have been convincingly replicated. It is generally thought that the associated markers reflect the effect of a nearby common (minor allele frequency >0.05) causal site, which is associated with the marker, leading to extensive resequencing efforts to find causal sites. We propose as an alternative explanation that variants much less common than the associated one may create "synthetic associations" by occurring, stochastically, more often in association with one of the alleles at the common site versus the other allele. Although synthetic associations are an obvious theoretical possibility, they have never been systematically explored as a possible explanation for GWAS findings. Here, we use simple computer simulations to show the conditions under which such synthetic associations will arise and how they may be recognized. We show that they are not only possible, but inevitable, and that under simple but reasonable genetic models, they are likely to account for or contribute to many of the recently identified signals reported in genome-wide association studies. We also illustrate the behavior of synthetic associations in real datasets by showing that rare causal mutations responsible for both hearing loss and sickle cell anemia create genome-wide significant synthetic associations, in the latter case extending over a 2.5-Mb interval encompassing scores of "blocks" of associated variants. In conclusion, uncommon or rare genetic variants can easily create synthetic associations that are credited to common variants, and this possibility requires careful consideration in the interpretation and follow up of GWAS signals.
Addition of azomethine ylides to C60: synthesis, characterization, and functionalization of fullerene pyrrolidines (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAddition of azomethine ylides to C60: synthesis, characterization, and functionalization of fullerene pyrrolidinesMichele Maggini, Gianfranco Scorrano, and Maurizio PratoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 21, 9798–9799Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00074a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00074a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7659Altmetric-Citations1157LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Regenerable fiber-optic-based immunosensor (1990)

An immunosensor is described that is based on fluorescently labeled F(ab') anti-human serum albumin antibody fragments covalently immobilized to the distal end of a fiber-optic probe. When human serum albumin is present, it is bound to the sensor and shields the fluorescent label from the solvent water, and a significant increase in the label fluorescence results. The sensor can be regenerated by simply immersing the sensing tip in chaotropic media. Under these conditions the antigen-antibody complex is selectively disrupted without adversely affecting the sensor. In the present configuration, the same sensor can be recycled over 50 times before the immunosurface inactivates significantly. With proper storage the sensor can last for up to 4 months.
Microfluidic actuators based on infrared-light responsive PNIPAAm hydrogel nanocomposite incorporating graphene-oxide (2011)

In lab-on-a-chip systems, microactuators are critical to control the flow within the microchannels. Most of the current actuators require hardware connection (electromagnetic, thermopneumatic actuators, etc.) within the channels, thus significantly increasing the system complexity. Remotely controllable actuators would greatly simplify the system. We demonstrate nanocomposite microfluidic actuators remotely controlled by infrared (IR) light. These actuators are fabricated out of thermo-responsive poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAAm) nanocomposite hydrogels incorporated with glycidyl methacylate functionalized graphene-oxide (GO-GMA). Two example devices were realized implementing such actuators: a microvalve and a tunable liquid microlens.
Pharmacoinvasive management of acute coronary syndrome: incorporating the 2007 ACC/AHA guidelines: the CATH (cardiac catheterization and antithrombotic therapy in the hospital) Clinical Consensus Panel Report--III. (2007)

This paper provides a comprehensive up-to-date review of the medical and invasive management of patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACS), and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), as supported by recent updates to the ACC/AHA Guidelines. The authors have summarized findings from key clinical trials published in recent years that contribute to clinician's understanding of how best to optimize therapy. The goals for the management of NSTE-ACS and STEMI are rapid and accurate risk stratification, appropriate and institution-specific triage to interventional versus medical strategies and optimal pharmacologic therapy - all of which provide for a smooth and seamless transition of care between the emergency department and the cardiology service. High-risk features or absolute treatment trigger criteria that support more aggressive medical therapy (i.e., addition of a small molecule gylcoprotein [GP] IIb/IIIa inhibitor to a core regimen of aspirin, enoxaparin or other anticoagulants, and in most cases, clopidogrel) and/or that would direct clinicians toward percutaneous interventional strategies as the preferred modality include, but are not limited to the presence of one or more of the following: 1) elevatedcardiac markers (troponin and/or CK-MB); 2) age older than 65 years; 3) presence of ST-T-wave changes; 4) TIMI Risk Score >/= 5; 5) clinical instability in the setting of suspected NSTE-ACS. Although additional refinements and changes in ACS management are still to come, evidence-based strategies suggest that prompt mechanical revascularization is associated with the best possible clinical outcomes, particularly for patients with high-risk features and in whom benefits of adjunctive, pharmacoinvasive antithrombotic therapies can be consolidated. Transfer for cardiac catheterization/percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is strongly recommended in patients who manifest high-risk features and/or aggressive treatment trigger criteria, so that this high-risk subgroup may receive definitive, interventional and/or cardiology-directed specialty care at appropriate sites of care. When available, interventional management is preferred in these patients. The importance of safe and effective anticoagulation in the spectrum of management strategies has been confirmed, and the evidence in support of enoxaparin and other antithrombotic agents has been reviewed. Dosing recommendations for enoxaparin use in the setting of PCI have been issued by the CATH Panel and have been summarized in this consensus report. Similar recommendations have been presented for the use of oral antiplatelet agents and GP IIb/IIIa antagonists. The addition of statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and beta-blockers is also stressed as part of a comprehensive secondary cardioprotective strategy for patients with coronary heart disease.
Chemistry of metalated heterocycles. Rearrangement and dimerization of lithiothiazoles, thiadiazoles, and oxadiazoles (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of metalated heterocycles. Rearrangement and dimerization of lithiothiazoles, thiadiazoles, and oxadiazolesA. I. Meyers and Gerald N. KnausCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 10, 3408–3410Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00791a070https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00791a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views176Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts