gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantize-map-and-forward relaying: Coding and system design (2010)

Quantize-map-and-forward (QMF) is a relaying scheme that has been shown to achieve the capacity of Gaussian relay networks to within a constant gap. Under QMF the compression indices forwarded by relays are not decoded explicitly. Instead, the message is decoded jointly with the compression indices. In this work we present a practical coding and signaling framework that captures this aspect of QMF. We outline the framework for a simple Gaussian network with a single half-duplex relay. We propose a scheme where binary LDPC codes are used for encoding at the source and at the relay. For suitable choice of codes and quantizer we show that the joint decoding operation for QMF can be reduced to belief propagation over a Tanner graph. Simulation results are given to justify the proposed coding scheme. The proposed framework can be extended for use with high order signal constellations.
The Absence of 24,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol in Anephric Patients (1978)

1. In subjects with normal renal function there was a strong positive correlation between serum concentrations of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, as measured by competitive protein-binding assay. 2. The 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol concentration was about 7% of the prevailing 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentration. 3. In contrast, sera from anephric patients contained very low or undetectable amounts of 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol even after the serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentrations in these patients had been elevated by oral administration of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. 4. In a further group of anephric patients, all having normal serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentrations, no radioactively labelled 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol was formed from an injected pulse dose of [3H,14C]cholecalciferol. 5. These results indicate that in man the kidney is the major site of 24-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol.
Role of Capsule in the Pathogenesis of Fowl Cholera Caused byPasteurella multocidaSerogroup A (2001)

We have constructed a defined acapsular mutant in Pasteurella multocida X-73 (serogroup A:1) by disrupting the hexA gene through the insertion of a tetracycline resistance cassette. The genotype of the hexA::tet(M) strain was confirmed by PCR and Southern hybridization, and the acapsular phenotype of this strain was confirmed by electron microscopy. The hexA::tet(M) strain was attenuated in both mice and chickens. Complementation of the mutant with an intact hexAB fragment restored lethality in mice but not in chickens. In contrast to the results described previously for P. multocida serogroup B (J. D. Boyce and B. Adler, Infect. Immun. 68:3463-3468, 2000), the hexA::tet(M) strain was sensitive to the bactericidal action of chicken serum, whereas the wild-type and complemented strains were both resistant. Following inoculation into chicken muscle, the bacterial count of the hexA::tet(M) strain decreased significantly, while the wild-type and complemented strains both grew rapidly over 4 h. The capsule is thus an essential virulence determinant in the pathogenesis of fowl cholera.
Separation and analysis of arylsulfatase isoenzymes in body fluids of man. (1978)

Soluble arylsulfatase (EC 3.1.6.1) is present in the body fluids of man in the form of two isoenzymes, arylsulfatase A and B, which reportedly are useful biochemical markers for certain types of malignancy. However, rapid assay of the individual isoenzymes is extremely difficult; procedures based on differential inhibition or activation of the isoenzymes in a mixture yield only semiquantitative results. A feature of these isoenzymes is their inhibition by some common anions (notably phosphate) at physiologic concentrations. The isoenzymes can be separated by anion-exchange chromatography, the B isoenzyme being eluted in the void volume and the A isoenzyme and the anionic inhibitors retarded. Lead is used to sequester phosphate, enabling measurement of A in the salt-eluted fraction. Using this technique, we have found significant elevations of B in the sera of patients with colorectal cancer. The potential of rapid, chromatographic separation coupled with continuous monitoring for arylsulfatase activity is discussed.
Production and Persistence of Antibodies in Chickens to Sheep Erythrocytes (1980)

A line of chickens selected for ability to product high antibody titers to sheep red blood cells exhibited stronger antibody to Newcastle disease, was more resistant to Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Eimeria necatrix, a splenomeglia virus, and feather mites and less resistant to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus infection than a line selected for a lack of ability to produce antibody titers. A line of chickens selected for a nonpersistance of antibody titers to sheep red blood cells was relatively more susceptible to all infectious agents tested than a line selected for a persistence of atibody titers.
Additive neuroprotection by metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype-selective ligands in a rat Parkinson's model (2008)

Pharmacological activation of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) or inhibition of group I mGluR by subtype-selective ligands is neuroprotective in experimental models of Parkinson's disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether targeting both receptor subtypes simultaneously produces enhanced neuroprotection. Rodents bearing a 6-hydroxydopamine lesion were intranigrally administered either the group III mGluR agonist L-(+)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid or the group I mGluR antagonist 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine, alone or in combination. Coadministration of L-(+)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid and 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine resulted in robust nigrostriatal neuroprotection that was significantly increased compared with either compound alone. These data suggest that targeting multiple mGluR subtypes with low doses of selective ligands may provide an enhanced therapeutic response in experimental models of Parkinson's disease.
Design and Development of Copper Core Conductive Fabrics for Smart Textiles (2009)

Today wearable electronics are playing a vital role in many applications such as military, medical application, telecommunications, and health care garments. Conductive textiles are also providing wide range of applications in areas of civilian and military purposes. In this research work, an attempt has been made to design and develop core—sheath conductive yarns with copper filament as core and cotton as sheath using Dref-3 friction spinning system. The special guide mechanism has been designed and used to produce uniform structure of core—sheath conductive yarns. Three different core—sheath ratios such as 67/33, 80/20, and 90/10 respectively, were produced by varying the draft in the second drafting unit, which fed the cotton carded slivers to cover the core component. Copper filament of 38 SWG British Standard Gauge has been used as core component. The nominal yarn linear density of core conductive yarn (CCY) produced in this research was 328 tex and core component kept as constant 261 tex for all the yarn samples. The copper CCY were used to develop the conductive fabrics. These fabrics have very good scope for many applications for development of electromagnetic shielding wearable textiles, mobile phone charging, and body temperature sensing garments. The electro-mechanical characteristics of the copper CCY and fabrics have been studied.
Hydroxyl sites in SiO2 glass: a note on infrared and Raman spectra (1986)

There is some interest in the speciation of water in silicate glasses and melts, and the effect of bulk composition on this speciation. We have obtained infrared and Raman spectra for Si02-H20 glasses with low (1200 ppm) and high (6.3 wt%) water contents. The lowwater-content glass shows an asymmetric band in the fundamental O-H stretching region, consistent with an SiOH species involved in a range of hydrogen-bonding environments. The high-water-content sample shows features due to both hydroxyl groups, as observed for the low-water-content glass, and molecular H20 dissolved in the glass. This sample also shows a Raman band at 3598 cm-i, which probably corresponds to a new type of SiOH species. We have also obtained the Raman spectrum for a sodium silicate glass Na20' 4Si02 containing 1 wt% H20. Addition of water to this composition causes considerable changes in the silicate band region below 1200 em-i. The O-H stretching bands are very different to those observed for the Si02-H20 glasses, and a weak band near 2350 cm-1 may correspond to SiOH groups involved in intratetrahedral hydrogen bonding, across an edge of the Si04 tetrahedron.
Average reference recording from the vagal nerve reveals an evoked indirect response (2009)

The vagal nerve conveys information from and to many organs. The components of the compound action potentials (CAPs) recorded from the vagal nerve give information about the different fiber types present. In this paper, we show that with the average reference recording method an additional component can be measured. This component is missed when using a tripolar recording method. Recordings were made in anesthetized pigs. Results show that there is an indirect component in the CAP of the cervical vagal nerve. This component comes from the periphery, possibly from the heart.
A practical mimicry attack against powerful system-call monitors (2008)

System-call monitoring has become the basis for many host-based intrusion detection as well as policy enforcement techniques. Mimicry attacks attempt to evade system-call monitoring IDS by executing innocuous-looking sequences of system calls that accomplish the attacker's goals. Mimicry attacks may execute a sequence of dozens of system calls in order to evade detection. Finding such a sequence is difficult, so researchers have focused on tools for automating mimicry attacks and extending them to gray-box IDS1. In this paper, we describe an alternative approach for building mimicry attacks using only skills and technologies that hackers possess today, making this attack a more immediate and realistic threat. These attacks, which we call persistent interposition attacks, are not as powerful as traditional mimicry attacks --- an adversary cannot obtain a root shell using a persistent interposition attack --- but are sufficient to accomplish the goals of today's cyber-criminals. Persistent interposition attacks are stealthier than standard mimicry attacks and are amenable to covert information-harvesting attacks, features that are likely to be attractive to profit-motivated criminals. Persistent interposition attacks are not IDS specific -- they can evade a large class of system-call-monitoring intrusion-detection systems, which we call I/O-data-oblivious. I/O-data-oblivious monitors have perfect knowledge of the values of all system call arguments as well as their relationships, with the exception of data buffer arguments to read and write. Many of today's black-box and gray-box IDS are I/O-data-oblivious and hence vulnerable to persistent interposition attacks.
IMPROVED BIOSENSOR FOR MEASUREMENT OF PROGESTERONE IN BOVINE MILK (2001)

A biosensor for online measurement of progesterone was designed and calibrated. The objectives were to developan improved immunoassay sensitive enough to measure progesterone in milk at follicular phase concentrations in realtime,and to design a biosensor for implementation of the detection chemistry. Antiprogesterone antibody was coated on smalldisks of nitrocellulose membrane, which were inserted in the reaction chamber prior to testing. An antigen capture formatwas used with 5 minutes for binding and peroxidaselabeled progesterone as the competitor, and 3 minutes for substratedevelopment with tetramethylbenzidine as the chromophore. The sensor was designed using micropumps and valves undercomputer control, and tested fluid volumes of about 1 ml. Output was read as the rate of change in optical density at 645 nm.An automated sampler was designed to draw a test volume at the start of milking from the long milk tube using a 4way pinchvalve. The system could execute a measurement cycle in about 10 min, and progesterone could be measured at concentrationslow enough to distinguish midluteal phase cows (210 ng/ml) from follicular phase cows (<1 ng/ml). The 95% confidenceinterval for a 0.5 ng/ml reading was estimated to be 0.2 to 1.5 ng/ml.
Constitutive association of cell surface CCR5 and CXCR4 in the presence of CD4 (2004)

Chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 are the major coreceptors of HIV-1 infection and also play fundamental roles in leukocyte trafficking, metastasis, angiogenesis, and embyogenesis. Here, we show that transfection of CCR5 into CXCR4 and CD4 expressing 3T3 cells enhances the cell surface level of CXCR4. In CCR5 high expressing cells, cell surface level of CXCR4 was incompletely modulated in the presence of the CXCR4 ligand CXCL12/SDF-1alpha. CCR5 was resistant to ligand-dependent modulation with the CCR5 ligand CCL5/RANTES. Confocal laser microscopy revealed that CCR5 was colocalized with CXCR4 on the cell surface. In CD4 expressing CCR5 and CXCR4 double positive NIH 3T3 cells, immunoprecipitation followed by Western blot analysis revealed that CCR5 was associated with CXCR4 and CD4. CXCR4 and CCR5 were not co-immunoprecipitated in cells expressing CCR5 and CXCR4 but without CD4 expression. Compared to NIH 3T3CD4 cells expressing CXCR4, the entry of an HIV-1 X4 isolate (HCF) into NIH 3T3CD4 expressing both CXCR4 and CCR5 was reduced. Our data indicate that chemokine receptors interact with each other, which may modulate chemokine-chemokine receptor interactions and HIV-1 coreceptor functions.
Studies of the Regulatory Mechanism of Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (1989)

A cDNA clone for the alpha subunit of mouse brain Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase II (CaM-kinase II) was transcribed in vitro and translated in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. Inclusion of [35S]methionine in the translation system yielded a single 35S-polypeptide of about 50 kDa. When the translation system was assayed for CaM-kinase II activity, there was a 5-10-fold enrichment of kinase activity which was totally dependent on Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM). Both the 50-kDa 35S-polypeptide and the Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase activity were quantitatively immunoprecipitated by rat brain CaM-kinase II antibody. When the translated wild-type kinase was subjected to autophosphorylation conditions in the presence of Ca2+, CaM, Mg2+, and ATP, the Ca2+-independent activity (assayed in the presence of [ethylenebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)]tetraacetic acid) increased from 5.8 +/- 0.7 to 26.5 +/- 2.1% of total activity (assayed in the presence of Ca2+/CaM). These properties confirm the identity of the kinase translated in vitro as CaM-kinase II. The role of Thr-286 autophosphorylation in formation of the Ca2+-independent activity was investigated by site-directed mutation of Thr-286 to Ala (Ala-286 kinase) and to Asp (Asp-286 kinase). The Ala-286 kinase was completely dependent on Ca2+/CaM for activity prior and subsequent to autophosphorylation. The Asp-286 kinase exhibited 21.9 +/- 0.8% Ca2+-independent activity, and this was not increased by autophosphorylation. These results establish that introduction of negative charge(s) at residue 286, either by autophosphorylation of Thr or by mutation to Asp, is sufficient and necessary to generate the partially Ca2+-independent form of CaM-kinase II.
Fixed Drug Eruption (1989)

† The pathogenic mechanism of preferential localization to certain skin sites of fixed drug eruption lesions has remained unknown. Skin biopsy specimens were obtained from four patients with fixed drug eruptions at various time points after final exposure to the causative drug and were studied immunohistologically using monoclonal antibodies to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1, and HLA-DR. The expression of ICAM-1 by keratinocytes was confined exactly to the involved epidermis. In contrast, the expression of HLA-DR by keratinocytes was observed not only in the involved epidermis but also in the uninvolved epidermis, although to a lesser extent. In general, the intensity of expression of ICAM-1 by keratinocytes correlated well with the degree of epidermal invasion of lymphocytes but not with the degree of dermal lymphocytic infiltration. Interestingly, in fixed drug eruption lesions, basal keratinocytes still showed intense reactivity for ICAM-1 6 to 10 days after final exposure to the causative drug, at which time the expression of HLA-DR was already down-modulated. Such a strong dissociation between the expression of ICAM-1 and HLA-DR on lesional keratinocytes was never observed at any time in the normal skin of control patients challenged with dinitrochlorobenzene. These results suggest that localized misregulated expression of ICAM-1 by the keratinocytes may be one factor that explains the preferential site-specificity characteristic of fixed drug eruptions. (<i>Arch Dermatol</i>. 1989;125:1371-1376)
d -Pantothenate Synthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum and Use of panBC and Genes Encoding l -Valine Synthesis for d -Pantothenate Overproduction (1999)

D-Pantothenate is synthesized via four enzymes from ketoisovalerate, which is an intermediate of branched-chain amino acid synthesis. We quantified three of these enzyme activities in Corynebacterium glutamicum and determined specific activities ranging from 0.00014 to 0.001 micromol/min mg (protein)-1. The genes encoding the ketopantoatehydroxymethyl transferase and the pantothenate synthetase were cloned, sequenced, and functionally characterized. These studies suggest that panBC constitutes an operon. By using panC, an assay system was developed to quantify D-pantothenate. The wild type of C. glutamicum was found to accumulate 9 micrograms of this vitamin per liter. A strain was constructed (i) to abolish L-isoleucine synthesis, (ii) to result in increased ketoisovalerate formation, and (iii) to enable its further conversion to D-pantothenate. The best resulting strain has ilvA deleted from its chromosome and has two plasmids to overexpress genes of ketoisovalerate (ilvBNCD) and D-pantothenate (panBC) synthesis. With this strain a D-pantothenate accumulation of up to 1 g/liter is achieved, which is a 10(5)-fold increase in concentration compared to that of the original wild-type strain. From the series of strains analyzed it follows that an increased ketoisovalerate availability is mandatory to direct the metabolite flux into the D-pantothenate-specific part of the pathway and that the availability of beta-alanine is essential for D-pantothenate formation.
'According to my bond': King Lear and re-cognition (1993)

The theory of cognitive metaphor, applied in an analysis of King Lear's opening scene, shows that the scene's figurative language depends upon metaphoric projection from the schemata — skeletalised structures of knowledge — of BALANCE and LINKS into the abstractions of filial love and family relationships. The metaphors arising from the BALANCE schema, in particular, are organised into a scenario, an interpretive framework, of financial accounting. Lear understands his relationships with his daughters in terms of the debits and credits of fiscal accounts; the Fool identifies him as 'an 0 without a figure'; Regan and Goneril destroy their father by the very numbers he so relishes. Cordelia tries and fails to get Lear to 'recognise' parental love and filial duty in terms of the LINKS schema, beginning with language interpretable within both ('I love you according to my bond', where 'bond' is both a financial obligation and a linking medium). Lear must learn to understand the world in terms of LINKS through action, most strikingly portrayed when he strips off his clothes and joins Tom o'Bedlam in nakedness. We understand this and other dramatic action, the plot structure, and the play's other abstract elements through the same cognitive apparatus that we use to understand its textual metaphors: projection into those abstract entities from schematised bodily experience. In the theory of cognitive metaphor, 'interpretive communities' are constrained by the embodied imagination.
Genetics and Potential Biotechnological Applications of Thermophilic and Extremely Thermophilic Microorganisms (1987)

(1987). Genetics and Potential Biotechnological Applications of Thermophilic and Extremely Thermophilic Microorganisms. Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews: Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 199-244.
The Prolonged Bleeding Time in Hemophilia A: Comparison of Two Measuring Technics and Clinical Associations (1985)

The authors simultaneously performed the Ivy (IBT) and the Simplate I (SBT) bleeding time in 17 volunteers with classic hemophilia A to determine whether a prolonged Simplate bleeding time was indeed indicative of impaired primary hemostasis, as has been postulated recently, or whether the technic itself accounted for the observed changes. They also assessed platelet function and Factor VIII-related activities on blood drawn that day. The SBT was prolonged in 11 patients, while the IBT was consistently normal. The platelet aggregation studies and the levels of Factor VIII-related antigen (VIII R:Ag) and ristocetin cofactor (VIII R:Rc) were normal, providing no evidence of von Willebrand's disease. The patients with a prolonged SBT were all younger than 20 years of age, bled two to three times more often than those with a normal SBT, and consumed more Factor VIII concentrate. A prolonged SBT with depressed VIII:C therefore is not indicative of von Willebrand's disease but is shared by a substantial proportion of hemophiliacs, who may be a greater risk of bleeding.
Measuring HIV Neutralization in a Luciferase Reporter Gene Assay (2009)

Neutralizing antibody (NAb) assays for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are used to study the immune response in infected individuals, to examine monoclonal antibodies and viral diversity, and to judge the potential value of candidate vaccine immunogens in preclinical and clinical trials. An important aspect of these efforts is an ability to achieve and document equivalent assay performance across multiple laboratories. Recent advances in assay technology have led to major improvements in how HIV NAbs are measured. Stable cell lines containing HIV Tat-regulated reporter genes are now available that permit rapid, sensitive and reproducible measurements of virus neutralization after a single round of infection in a high throughput format.Moreover, these assays may be used with molecularly cloned Env-pseudotyped viruses for greater reagent stability and traceability.A luciferase (Luc) reporter gene assay performed in TZM-bl (JC53bl-13) cells was recently optimized and many of its performance parameters have been validated. This assay has become the main endpoint neutralization assay used by the NIH-sponsored HIV Vaccine Trials Network and by a growing number of laboratories worldwide.