gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pentacyclic triterpene synthesis. 5. Synthesis of optically pure ring AB precursors (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPentacyclic triterpene synthesis. 5. Synthesis of optically pure ring AB precursorsJohn S. Dutcher, James G. Macmillan, and Clayton H. HeathcockCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 16, 2663–2669Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00878a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00878a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views501Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Do transmembrane protein superfolds exist? (1998)

A reliable and widely used transmembrane protein structure prediction algorithm was applied to five representative genomic sequence data sets in order to re-examine the hypothesis that in contrast to globular proteins there are no favored transmembrane protein fold families. When the number of predicted membrane spanning segments and the topology of these segments is taken into account then definite biases are observed which suggest that certain transmembrane topologies are significantly more common than others.
SAW band rejection filters for mobile digital television (2008)

Mobile DTV requires novel filter solutions to prevent coupling between cellular transmitter and DTV receiver in a cellular telephone. Emphasis is placed on wide transmission bandwidths up to 50% with low loss and wide and deep rejection bands. We show that SAW band reject filters provide an adequate solution for the mobile DTV requirements. The design methodology using classical LC filters as starting point is outlined. Two exemplary designs are presented in measurement. Insertion attenuation of the SAW-filters alone is extremely low, the main source of loss is identified as external inductances of the band rejection network. Low-cost devices are available in packages as small as 1.4 mm times 1.1 mm.
ACCEPTANCE OF MURINE THYROID ALLOGRAFTS BY PRETREATMENT OF ANTI-Ia ANTIBODY OR ANTI-DENDRITIC CELL ANTIBODY IN VITRO (1989)

A new method for thyroid allografts in mice was established. Thyroids of C67BL/6J mice were treated with collagenase, and the follicles were isolated using a Percoll density gradient technique. These follicles were treated with anti-Ia antibody (Ab) or anti-DC Ab plus complement in order to eliminate DCs. The follicles were then mixed with agarose and transplanted under the left renal capsule of BALB/c mice. One hundred days after transplantation, acceptance of the grafts was verified by both histological study and the incorporation of 125I into the grafts. Allografts treated with C were rejected, whereas allografts treated with Ab plus C were accepted. When nontreated thyroids of C57BL/6J mice were grafted under the right renal capsule of BALB/c mice that had accepted DC-depleted thyroids of C57BL/6J mice, the nontreated thyroids were rejected. These findings indicate that DCs play a crucial role in the rejection of mouse thyroid allografts, and that the depletion of DCs permits allografts to be accepted without inducing donor-specific tolerance. Our method presented here may be developed as a viable strategy for the treatment of patients with congenital or acquired hypothyroidism.
[Fermentation and purification of Echistatin fusion protein expressed in Escherichia coli]. (2006)

Lots of studies of Echistatin (Ecs) have proved its wide use in many aspects. However, the low yield of Ecs has impeded the relative researches of the protein. To establish the high-level expression system of Ecs, the fermentation and purification process of Ecs fusion protein expressed in E. coli were optimized. The Ecs gene was introduced into vector pTXB1 and placed under the control of highly efficient T7 promoter system. The cloned Ecs gene was expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) as soluble form. The Ecs production and biomass accumulation were optimized by examining medium composition, point of induction and induction time in fed-batch fermentation. Biomass accumulation was greatly affected by medium gradient, reaching 50.3g/L in 2 x YT medium. Ecs production was found to increase to 35% of total protein with 75g/L biomass accumulation after induced for 4h. Purification of Ecs from supernatant of sonication was done using one-step chromatographic procedure with chitin affinity chromatography and DTF cleavage, resulting in yields of 28mg/L and > 90% purity. The bioactivity of purified Ecs was determined and the result showed that purified Ecs could inhibit the aggregation of platelet in vitro with similar bioactivity to wild Ecs. This optimized method is readily scaled up for the expression and purification of Ecs in sufficient quantities for further structural and biological studies and applications.
Designing a global name service (1986)

Article Designing a global name service Share on Author: Butler W Lampson Systems Research Center, Digital Equipment Corporation, 130 Lytton Avenue, Palo Alto, CA Systems Research Center, Digital Equipment Corporation, 130 Lytton Avenue, Palo Alto, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims PODC '86: Proceedings of the fifth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computingNovember 1986 Pages 1–10https://doi.org/10.1145/10590.10591Online:01 November 1986Publication History 95citation1,772DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations95Total Downloads1,772Last 12 Months31Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Identification of Both Positive and Negative Domains within the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor COOH-terminal Region for Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) Activation (2002)

The cytoplasmic region of human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) contains an intrinsic tyrosine kinase (697-955) followed by a 231-residue-long COOH-terminal tail (C-tail), which contains multiple tyrosine residues. To examine the role of the EGFR C-tail in signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) activation, a series of EGFR C-tail truncations were constructed. Transient transfection of 293 cells with EGFR lacking the C-tail, i.e. Y974DeltaEGFR or Y992DeltaEGFR, led to EGF-independent or constitutive STAT activation, whereas EGF-dependent STAT activation was restored with truncations made COOH-terminal to the next tyrosine residue, i.e. EGFR-Y1045Delta. Transfection with the-truncated form EGFR-Y954Delta resulted in the loss of STAT activation, suggesting that the sequence between Tyr(974) and Tyr(954) is essential for STAT activation. Phosphopeptide competition analysis revealed multiple tyrosine residues within the C-tail that can act as the docking sites for both Stat1 and Stat3. A region that negatively regulated STAT activation was also identified, extending from Tyr(1114) to Glu(1172), consistent with the ability of this region to recruit a suppressor of cytokine signaling factors SOCS1 and SOCS3. When cotransfected with the full-length EGFR, but not Y992DeltaEGFR, SOCS1 or SOCS3 inhibited STAT activation by EGF in 293 cells. This suggests that both SOCS1 and SOCS3 can negatively regulate EGFR activation, presumably by inducing ubiquitination-dependent EGFR degradation upon ligand binding. These findings may therefore offer clues to how the EGF receptor C-tail regulates STAT activity.
A powerful and flexible statistical framework for testing hypotheses of allele-specific gene expression from RNA-seq data (2011)

Variation in gene expression is thought to make a significant contribution to phenotypic diversity among individuals within populations. Although high-throughput cDNA sequencing offers a unique opportunity to delineate the genome-wide architecture of regulatory variation, new statistical methods need to be developed to capitalize on the wealth of information contained in RNA-seq data sets. To this end, we developed a powerful and flexible hierarchical Bayesian model that combines information across loci to allow both global and locus-specific inferences about allele-specific expression (ASE). We applied our methodology to a large RNA-seq data set obtained in a diploid hybrid of two diverse Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, as well as to RNA-seq data from an individual human genome. Our statistical framework accurately quantifies levels of ASE with specified false-discovery rates, achieving high reproducibility between independent sequencing platforms. We pinpoint loci that show unusual and biologically interesting patterns of ASE, including allele-specific alternative splicing and transcription termination sites. Our methodology provides a rigorous, quantitative, and high-resolution tool for profiling ASE across whole genomes.
Ribosomal protein L7/L12 is required for optimal translation. (1980)

We have tested the performance in vitro of Escherichia coli ribosomes containing or lacking the protein L7/L12. When the experiments are performed in an optimized mixture of ions (polymix), L7/L12 is required for maximal rate of synthesis as well as for minimal missense error frequency. The results in conventional Tris/Mg2+/NH4Cl buffers are different; in these buffers, only the rate of synthesis is strongly dependent on the presence of L7/L12. In addition, we show that there is a large difference between the optimal Mg2+ concentration required for speed of translation and that for accuracy of translation in conventional buffer. These optima are very close in polymix. Finally, we show that the contribution of L7/L12 to the speed of translation is obscured in translation systems that are limited by substrates. We conclude that it is not possible to analyze details of the mechanism of translation in conventional buffers.
Synthesis, conformation, and immunosuppressive activities of three analogs of cyclosporin A modified in the 1-position (1990)

The syntheses of three new cyclosporin A (CsA) analogues that contain novel MeBmt derivatives in the 1-position are described. The MeBmt analogue that contains an additional methyl group on C4, (2S,3R,6E)-4,4-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2-(N-methylamino)-6-octenoic acid (MeBm2t), was synthesized in four steps beginning with the reaction of Pmz-Sar-OtBu with (4E)-2,2-dimethyl-4-hexenal. The C4 desmethyl analogue of MeBmt, (2S,3R,6E)-3-hydroxy-2-(N-methylamino)-6-octenoic acid (MeBth), was synthesized in nine steps by a route based on the Sharpless chiral epoxidation procedure. The alkynyl derivative of MeBmt, (2S,3R,4R)-4-methyl-3-hydroxy-2-(N-methylamino)-6-octynoic acid (MeByt), was synthesized by a modification of the procedure described by Tung et al. for the synthesis of MeBmt. Each MeBmt analogue was protected as the N,O-acetonide and coupled with the hexapeptide Abu-Sar-MeLeu-Val-MeLeu-Ala-OBzl. The resulting heptapeptide was deprotected and coupled with Fmoc-D-Ala-MeLeu-MeLeu-MeVal-OH. The resulting undecapeptides were deprotected and cyclized to give the corresponding CsA analogues. Conformational analysis by 1D and 2D NMR methods was carried out for each analogue in chloroform, and the results are compared with the corresponding solution conformations of CsA and dihydrocyclosporin. The immunosuppressive activities of each analogue, determined in concanavalin A stimulated thymocytes, are lower than obtained for CsA. The results establish the important effect the methyl group and the double bond in MeBmt have on the solution conformation of the 1-position residue in CsA and on immunosuppressive activity.
InP-Based Comb Generator for Optical OFDM (2011)

We describe in more detail a novel InP-based comb generator for optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) transmission. The device integrates a Mach–Zehnder interferometer inside an amplified ring. In order to maximize the number of lines in the spectrum, the phase modulators were designed with a 3-step asymmetric quantum well structure to maximize the index change with voltage change. We demonstrate a 6-line frequency comb which is tunable over 80 nm. The linewidth of the comb is limited by only the input laser, which makes this device especially suitable for coherent optical OFDM applications.
The Administration of Pharmacological Doses of Testosterone or 19-Nortestosterone to Normal Men is Not Associated with Increased Insulin Secretion or Impaired Glucose Tolerance* (1989)

Excess androgen secretion and exogenous androgen administration may decrease insulin sensitivity and impair glucose tolerance. We examined the responses to an oral glucose tolerance test in 30 normal men before and after 6 weekly injections of androgen administered in a double-blinded study design. The men were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups: testosterone enanthate (TE), 100 or 300 mg/week, or 19-nortestosterone decanoate (ND), 100 or 300 mg/week. Serum testosterone levels, measured 2-3 days after the last dose, did not change in the men given 100 mg TE/week, increased 3-fold in those given 300 mg TE/week, and decreased in both ND groups. All four groups had comparable reductions in serum LH levels. Weight increased significantly in all except the 100 mg TE/week group, but there was no change in waist to hip ratio in any group. In spite of the demonstrated biological effects of the doses of steroid administered, androgen administration for 6 weeks did not increase fasting serum glucose or insulin concentrations. There was also no increase in peak serum insulin levels and areas under the insulin and glucose response curves after a 100-g oral glucose load. However, the mean serum insulin area under the curve decreased significantly in the men given 300 mg ND/week. In contrast to the results of studies of 17-alkylated androgens, our results demonstrate that pharmacological doses of testosterone and the administration of 19-nortestosterone for 6 weeks do not impair glucose tolerance or alter insulin secretion in normal men.
Wnt 5a signaling is critical for macrophage-induced invasion of breast cancer cell lines (2006)

Interactions between neoplastic and stromal cells contribute to tumor progression. Wnt genes, involved in cell migration and often deregulated in cancers, are attractive candidates to regulate these effects. We have recently shown that coculture of breast cancer cells with macrophages enhances invasiveness via matrix metalloproteases and TNF-alpha. Here we demonstrate that coculture of MCF-7 cells and macrophages leads to up-regulation of Wnt 5a in the latter. This was accompanied by activation of AP-1/c-Jun in MCF-7. Recombinant Wnt 5a mimicked the coculture effect. Wnt 5a was also detectable in tumor-associated macrophages in primary breast cancers. Experiments with agonists and antagonists of Wnt signaling revealed that a functional canonical pathway in the tumor cells was a necessary prerequisite; however, noncanonical signaling via Wnt 5a and the Jun-N-terminal kinase pathway was critical for invasiveness. It was also responsible for induction of matrix metalloprotease-7, known to release TNF-alpha. All these effects could be antagonized by dickkopf-1. Our results indicate that Wnt 5a is essential for macrophage-induced invasiveness, because it regulates tumor cell migration as well as proteolytic activity of the macrophages. The function of Wnt 5a as either a suppressor or promoter of malignant progression seems to be modulated by intercellular interactions. Wnt 5a detection in tumor-associated macrophages in breast cancer biopsies supports the assumption that similar events play a role in vivo.
Repeatability and Reproducibility of Central Corneal Thickness Measurement With Pentacam, Orbscan, and Ultrasound (2005)

In the assessment of normal corneas, the Pentacam measured CCT values closer to ultrasound pachymetry and with less variability compared with Orbscan. The (interobserver) reproducibility with the Pentacam was highest of all 3 modalities.
Measurement of Trace Silanol in Siloxanes by IR Spectroscopy (1991)

Two novel approaches for the measurement of trace SiOH moieties in siloxane polymers by IR spectroscopy are described. Both methods are based on the idea of selective spectral modification of SiOH absorbance bands so that the silanol absorbance bands can be isolated in the presence of much larger, overlapping background absorbances. Modification of the SiOH groups is made to occur either through H-bonding using mixed solvent systems or through deuteration resulting from isotope exchange in the presence of excess D 2 O. Both techniques have high specificity for SiOH groups over other portions of the molecules and produce only minimal changes in the IR absorbances due to non-silanol moieties. Subtraction of a modified sample spectrum from an unmodified spectrum then allows the SiOH absorbances to be isolated and quantitatively measured to low concentrations. These techniques allow one to circumvent a major limitation of IR spectroscopy for trace analysis, namely, the need to rely on a separate reference material for the removal of interfering background absorbances. Of the two methods described in this paper, the deuteration approach is superior in terms of ease and sensitivity. Measurements can be made down to 10 ppm (wt OH/wt sample), which is close to the noise level of the spectral measurement.
Treatment of Fingertip Degloving Injury Using the Bilaterally Innervated Sensory Cross-Finger Flap (2013)

Treatment of a fingertip degloving injury continues to be a challenge problem. This article reports repair of this type of injury using a modified cross-finger flap, including both dorsal branches of the digital nerves. From December 2007 to March 2010, the flap was used in 17 digits of 17 patients who had a fingertip degloving injury. There were 13 men and 4 women with mean age of 33 years. The injured fingers requiring reconstruction included 5 index, 6 middle, and 6 ring fingers. The mean size of the soft tissue losses was 4.2 × 1.9 cm. The mean flap size was 4.4 × 2.2 cm. Neurorrhaphy was performed between the dorsal branches harvested with the flap and the digital nerves of the injured finger. For comparison, we also collected a series of 28 patients who had a fingertip degloving injury treated with a cross-finger flap without nerve repair. In the study group, all flaps survived completely. At a mean follow-up of 23 months, the average score of static 2-point discrimination on the finger pulp was 7.2 mm. According to the visual analog scale, 12 patients had no pain, 4 reported mild pain, and 1 experienced moderate pain. Positive Tinel sign was found in only 1 reconstructed finger. Of the comparison group (mean follow-up, 22 months), the average static 2-point discrimination was 9.8 mm. On the basis of the visual analog scale, no pain, mild pain, and moderate pain were noted in 18, 7, and 3, fingers, respectively. Positive Tinel sign was found in 9 reconstructed fingers. The outcomes of the 2 groups were significantly different. The bilaterally innervated sensory cross-finger flap is an effective method for repairing the fingertip degloving injury. The authors suggest that double nerve repairs should be performed to improve the pulp sensation and reduce the incidence of the painful neuroma.
Sphingosine 1-phosphate regulates regeneration and fibrosis after liver injury via sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 (2008)

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lipid mediator, stimulates proliferation and contractility in hepatic stellate cells, the principal matrix-producing cells in the liver, and inhibits proliferation via S1P receptor 2 (S1P(2)) in hepatocytes in rats in vitro. A potential role of S1P and S1P(2) in liver regeneration and fibrosis was examined in S1P(2)-deficient mice. Nuclear 5-bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine labeling, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining in hepatocytes, and the ratio of liver weight to body weight were enhanced at 48 h in S1P(2)-deficient mice after a single carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) injection. After dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) administration with a lethal dose, PCNA staining in hepatocytes was enhanced at 48 h and survival rate was higher in S1P(2)-deficient mice. Serum aminotransferase level was unaltered in those mice compared with wild-type mice in both CCl(4)- and DMN-induced liver injury, suggesting that S1P(2) inactivation accelerated regeneration not as a response to enhanced liver damage. After chronic CCl(4) administration, fibrosis was less apparent, with reduced expression of smooth-muscle alpha-actin-positive cells in the livers of S1P(2)-deficient mice, suggesting that S1P(2) inactivation ameliorated CCl(4)-induced fibrosis due to the decreased accumulation of hepatic stellate cells. Thus, S1P plays a significant role in regeneration and fibrosis after liver injury via S1P(2).
Synthesis and Characterization of New Fluorinated Poly(Imide Benzoxazole)S (1996)

We have prepared a series of fluorinated aromatic poly(ether imide benzoxazole)s (PEIBs) and fluorinated aromatic poly(imide benzoxazole)s (PIBs). New PEIBs were prepared by polycondensation of aromatic diamines containing both benzoxazole and hexafluoroisopropylidene groups. New PIBs were prepared by polycondensation of bis( o-aminophenol)s, such as 3,3′-dihydroxybenzidine or 2,2-bis(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane, with diacid chlorides containing both imide and hexafluoroisopropylidene groups. We have characterized the solubility, film forming ability, thermal stability and dielectric constant of these fluorinated poly(imide benzoxazole)s.
Current and Future Pharmacological Treatment Strategies in X‐Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy (2010)

Mutations in the ABCD1 gene cause the clinical spectrum of the neurometabolic disorder X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy/adrenomyeloneuropathy (X-ALD/AMN). Currently, the most efficient therapeutic opportunity for patients with the cerebral form of X-ALD is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and possibly gene therapy of autologous hematopoietic stem cells. Both treatments, however, are only accessible to a subset of X-ALD patients, mainly because of the lack of markers that can predict the onset of cerebral demyelination. Moreover, for female or male X-ALD patients with AMN, currently only unsatisfying therapeutic opportunities are available. Thus, this review focuses on current and urgently needed future pharmacological therapies. The treatment of adrenal and gonadal insufficiency is well established, whereas applications of immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive drugs have failed to prevent progression of cerebral neuroinflammation. The use of Lorenzo's oil and the inefficacy of lovastatin to normalize very-long-chain fatty acids in clinical trials as well as currently experimental and therefore possible future therapeutic strategies are reviewed. The latter include pharmacological gene therapy mediated by targeted upregulation of ABCD2, the closest homolog of ABCD1, antioxidative drug treatment, small molecule histone deacetylase inhibitors such as butyrates and valproic acid, and other neuroprotective attempts.