gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Construction and characterization of chimeric tick-borne encephalitis/dengue type 4 viruses. (1992)

Dengue type 4 virus (DEN4) cDNA was used as a vector to express genes of the distantly related tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). Full-length chimeric TBEV/DEN4 cDNAs were constructed by substituting TBEV genes coding for proteins such as capsid (C); pre-membrane, which is the precursor of membrane (M); envelope (E); or nonstructural protein NS1 for the corresponding DEN4 sequences. RNA transcripts prepared from cDNAs were used to transfect permissive simian cells. Two viable chimeric viruses that contained TBEV CME or ME genes were recovered. Compared with DEN4, chimeric TBE(ME)/DEN4 virus [designated vTBE(ME)/DEN4] produced larger plaques and grew to higher titer in simian cells. In contrast, vTBE(ME)/DEN4 produced smaller plaques on mosquito cells and grew to lower titer than DEN4. Analysis of viral RNA and proteins produced in vTBE(ME)/DEN4- and DEN4-infected mosquito or simian cells revealed that the chimera was restricted in its ability to enter and replicate in mosquito cells. In contrast, vTBE(ME)/DEN4 entered simian cells efficiently and its RNA was replicated more rapidly in these cells than was parental DEN4 RNA. Following intracerebral inoculation, vTBE(ME)/DEN4 caused fatal encephalitis in both suckling and adult mice, while nearly all mice inoculated by the same route with DEN4 did not develop disease. Unlike wild-type TBEV, vTBE(ME)/DEN4 did not cause encephalitis when adult mice were inoculated by a peripheral route. Adult mice previously inoculated with the chimera by a peripheral route were completely resistant to subsequent intraperitoneal challenge with 10(3) times the median lethal dose of TBEV, whereas mice previously inoculated with DEN4 were not protected. These findings indicate that (i) the TBEV M and E genes of the chimeric virus are major protective antigens and induce resistance to lethal TBEV challenge and (ii) other regions of the TBEV genome are essential for the ability of this virus to spread from a peripheral site to the brain. Success in constructing a viable TBEV/DEN4 chimera that retains the protective antigens of TBEV but lacks its peripheral invasiveness provides a strategy for the development of live attenuated TBEV vaccines.
Spectral karyotyping identifies new rearrangements, translocations, and clinical associations in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (2002)

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), a histologically well-defined subset of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, is clinically and genetically heterogenous. By G-banding, most cases showed complex hyperdiploid karyotypes and diverse cytogenetic abnormalities that included recurring and nonrecurring translocations, deletions, duplications, and marker chromosomes. While G-banding provided valuable leads to identification of specific rearrangements that enabled gene discovery and clinical correlations, many aberrations remained uncharacterized because of their complexity. The molecular cytogenetic technique spectral karyotyping (SKY), on the other hand, enables complete characterization of all aberrations in a tumor cell karyotype and, hence, precise quantitation of chromosome instability. We report here, for the first time, SKY analysis of a panel of 46 DLBCL cases previously analyzed by G-banding, ascertained at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. This analysis provided a cytogenetic profile of DLBCL that was characterized by a higher level of instability, qualitatively as well as quantitatively, compared with G-banding. Thus, 551 breakpoints were detected by SKY, in contrast to the 295 by G-banding. Several new recurring breakpoints, translocations, and regions of gain and loss were identified, which included 13 breakpoints not previously identified by G-banding, 10 breakpoints that were underrepresented by G-banding, and 4 previously unrecognized translocations: der(14)t(3;14)(q21;q32), t(1;13)(p32;q14), t(1;7)(q21;q22), and der(6)t(6;8)(q11;q11). We identified new clinical associations involving recurring breakpoints detected by SKY. These studies emphasize the value of SKY analysis for redefinition of chromosomal instability in DLBCL to enhance gene discovery as well as clinical correlation analysis.
Controlled ring-opening polymerization of -pentadecalactone with yttrium isopropoxide as an initiator (2000)

The ring-opening polymerization of ω-pentadecalactone (PDL), a 16-membered lactone, in the bulk and in solution using yttrium isopropoxide as an initiator was investigated. All isopropoxide groups of yttrium isopropoxide participated in the initiation and the polymerization took place via acyl-oxygen cleavage of the monomer. The molecular weights of the resulting polymers could be controlled effectively by varying the monomer/initiator ratio. An induction period was observed for the bulk polymerization conducted at 60°C. DSC analyses indicated that poly(ω-pentadecalactone) is a highly crystalline polymer, having a high crystallization rate.
Photochemical activation of acylated .alpha.-thrombin (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemical activation of acylated .alpha.-thrombinA. D. Turner, S. V. Pizzo, G. W. Rozakis, and N. A. PorterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 4, 1274–1275Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00238a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00238a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views329Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Observation of tearing mode deceleration and locking due to eddy currents induced in a conducting shell (2004)

Growth to large amplitude of a single core-resonant tearing mode in the Madison Symmetric Torus [R. N. Dexter et al., Fusion Technol. 19, 131 (1991)] reversed-field pinch is accompanied by braking and eventual cessation of mode rotation. There is also a concurrent deceleration of bulk plasma rotation. The mode deceleration is shown to be well described by a time-dependent version of a magnetohydrodynamical model [R. Fitzpatrick et al., Phys. Plasmas 6, 3878 (1999)] in which a braking torque originates from eddy currents induced by the rotating mode in the conducting shell surrounding the plasma. According to the model, the electromagnetic braking torque is localized to the plasma in the immediate vicinity of the mode’s resonant surface, but viscosity transfers the torque to the rest of the plasma. Parametrizing the plasma viscous momentum diffusivity in terms of the global momentum confinement time, the model is used to predict both the momentum confinement time and the time evolution of the decelerating mode velocity. In both respects, the model is quite consistent with experimental data.
Design of a multi-sender 3D videoconferencing application over an end system multicast protocol (2003)

Videoconferencing in the context of 3D virtual environments promises better spatial consistency and mutual awareness for its participants. However, in the absence of IP Multicast and limited upload bandwidth of today's DSL connections, the feasibility of such systems in supporting even a small group of users is in question. This paper presents the design and implementation of an awareness driven 3D videoconferencing application that runs on a peer-to-peer architecture and our own End System Multicast protocol. The paper highlights the unique requirements of multiparty videoconferencing applications and presents a solution that can support 4-10 bandwidth-limited users without the need for IP Multicast capability.
Cardiac disease induced by chronic adriamycin administration in dogs and an evaluation of vitamin E and selenium as cardioprotectants. (1980)

Chronic adriamycin (ADR) intoxication was produced in three groups of beagle dogs by weekly intravenous injections (1 mg/kg body weight) for 20 weeks (cumulative dose 400 mg/sq m). Group A (6 dogs) received ADR only; Group B (6 dogs) were given ADR and weekly doses of vitamin E (17 mg/kg body weight) as alpha-tocopherol acetate; and Group C (6 dogs) received ADR and weekly doses of vitamin E as did Group B and selenium (0.06 mg/kg body weight as selenite). Each of the 18 dogs developed ADR-induced cardiomyopathy (CMY), and death occurred in 11 dogs during Weeks 17-20. Mortality was lowest in Group B (2 of 6), but no differences between groups were seen either in survival time of the dogs that died or in severity of CMY. Cardiomyopathy was more severe in dogs that died than in survivors. Congestive heart failure with transudation was present in 4 of 11 dogs that died. Cardiac histopathology was characterized by vacuolar degeneration of myocytes. Myocardial damage was most severe in the left ventricle and the ventricular septum, intermediate in the right ventricle and the left atrium, and least in the right atrium. Ultrastructural study showed that an early alteration in damaged myocytes was distention of sarcoplasmic reticulum to form sarcoplasmic vacuoles. Occasional damaged fibers had myofibrillar lysis and focal proliferation of sarcoplasmic reticulum. This study demonstrates that the dog offers a suitable model for studies of chronic ADR cardiotoxicity in man. The lack of cardioprotection from vitamin E and selenium supplementation fails to support the proposed role of lipoperoxidative damage in the development of chronic ADR-induced CMY.
Identification of SP5 as a downstream gene of the beta-catenin/Tcf pathway and its enhanced expression in human colon cancer. (2005)

Mutations in APC, CTNNB1, AXIN1 or AXIN2 cause impairment in the beta-catenin degradation pathway and result in accumulation of beta-catenin in a wide range of human cancers. Accumulated beta-catenin then associates with Tcf/LEF transcription factors and transactivates their target genes. To uncover in detail the role of accumulated beta-catenin in colorectal carcinogenesis, we searched for genes involved in the beta-catenin/Tcf signaling pathway by cDNA microarray. We identified and characterized a human gene, SP5, that was down-regulated after depletion of beta-catenin by transduction of wild-type APC into SW480 cells. SP5 is a member of the Sp transcription factor family, which binds to the GC box or closely related sequences in promoters of many genes and control their expression. Reporter assays and an electromobility-shift assay revealed a DNA fragment between -285 and -279 in the 5' flanking region of this gene to be a target of the beta-catenin/Tcf4 complex. Our results indicate that SP5 is a novel direct down-stream target in the Wnt signaling pathway.
Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors Containing a [(Carboxyalkyl)amino]zinc Ligand: Modification of the P1 and P2' Residues (1994)

Systematic modification of the presumed P1 side chain in a series of (carboxyalkyl)amino-based inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases enabled identification of the 2-(1,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxo-2H-benz[f]isoindol-2-yl)ethyl group as a preferred substituent imparting potent inhibition of the enzymes collagenase and gelatinase. It was subsequently found that the P2'-P3' residues in this series could be replaced by small non-peptide residues, while maintaining inhibitory potency. The imide group in this series of compounds can undergo autocatalytic hydrolysis under neutral conditions.
Chemokines and chemokine receptors in autoimmune encephalomyelitis as a model for central nervous system inflammatory disease regulation (2004)

This article focuses on the distinct role of chemokines and chemokine receptors during CNS inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as an animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS). We review the evidence that chemokines and chemokine receptors have an intrinsic role in regulating and amplifying the inflammatory reactions in EAE or MS leading to disease outcome. A variety of studies examining temporal chemokine expression patterns, using chemokine and chemokine receptor knockout mice as well as administering passive anti-chemokine antibodies indicates that these molecules are critical regulatory components for leukocyte recruitment and/or leukocyte retention in the CNS. Therefore, chemokine and chemokine receptor expression is tightly interrelated to composition of inflammatory cells in CNS lesions and the onset of clinical diseases and provide viable targets for therapeutic intervention.
Living carbocationic polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether and the synthesis of poly[isobutylene‐b‐(isobutyl vinyl ether)] (1993)

Abstract The MeCH(O‐ i ‐Bu)Cl/TiCl 4 /MeCONMe 2 initiating system was found to induce the rapid living carbocationic polymerization (LC ⊕ Pzn) of isobutyl vinyl ether (IBuVE) at −100°C. Degradation by dealcoholation which usually accompanies the polymerization of alkyl vinyl ethers by strong Lewis acids is “frozen out” at this low temperature and poly(isobutyl vinyl ether)s (PIBuVEs) with theoretical molecular weights up to ca. 40,000 g/mol (calculated from the initiator/monomer input) and narrow molecular weight distributions ( M̄ w / M̄ n ≤ 1.2) are readily obtained. According to 13 C‐NMR spectroscopy, PIBuVEs prepared by living polymerization at −100°C are not stereoregular. The MeCH(O‐ i ‐Bu)Cl/TiCl 4 combination induces the rapid LC ⊕ Pzn of IBuVE even in the absence of N,N ‐dimethylacetamide (DMA). The addition of the common ion salt, n ‐Bu 4 NCl to the latter system retards the polymerization and meaningful kinetic information can be obtained. The kinetic findings have been explained in terms of TiCl 4 . IBuVE and TiCl 4 · IBuVE and TiCl 4 · PIBuVE complexes. The HCl (formal initiator)/TiCl 4 /DMA combination is the first initiating system that can be regarded to induce the LC ⊕ Pzn of both isobutylene (IB) and IBuVE. Polyisobutylene (PIB)–PIBuVE diblocks were prepared by sequential monomer addition in “one pot” by the 2‐chloro‐2,4,4‐trimethylpentane (TMP‐Cl)/TiCl 4 /DMA initiating system. Crossover efficiencies are, however, below 35% because the PIB ⊕ + IBuVE → PIB‐ b ‐PIBuVE ⊕ crossover is slow. © 1993 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Platelet Activation by Superoxide Anion and Hydroxyl Radicals Intrinsically Generated by Platelets That Had Undergone Anoxia and Then Reoxygenated (1997)

This study shows that platelets exposed to A-R intrinsically generated 0-2 and OH0, which in turn activate arachidonic acid metabolism via phospholipases A2 and C, and provides further support for the use of antioxidant agents as inhibitors of platelet function in ischemia-reperfusion models.
Experimental investigation of dependence of electrical characteristics on device parameters in trench MOS barrier Schottky diodes (2002)

Measurements of forward and reverse electrical characteristics of trench MOS barrier Schottky diodes with various device parameters reveal that the resistivity and width of the mesa region are the main parameters which affect device characteristics. An on/off current ratio of two orders is obtained.
Total knee replacement (1995)

Describes a computer-assisted surgical system which uses a calibrated robot. The authors consider: total knee replacement surgery; motivation for robotic systems in total knee replacement; system operation; CT scan and preoperative planning; femoral fiducial location; femoral component placement; tibial fiducial location and component placement; fixturing; immobilization of the knee; immobilization of the pelvis and ankle; fiducial identification and registration; landmark pins; center of the femoral head; robot system and calibration; calibration using a telescopic ball-bar.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Dual HLA class I and class II restricted recognition of alloreactive T lymphocytes mediated by a single T cell receptor complex (2001)

The alloreactive human T cell clone MBM15 was found to exhibit dual specificity recognizing both an antigen in the context of the HLA class I A2 molecule and an antigen in the context of the HLA class II DR1. We demonstrated that the dual reactivity that was mediated via a single clonal T cell population depended on specific peptide binding. For complete recognition of the HLA-A2-restricted specificity the interaction of CD8 with HLA class I is essential. Interestingly, interaction of the CD8 molecule with HLA class I contributed to the HLA-DR1-restricted specificity. T cell clone MBM15 expressed two in-frame T cell receptor (TCR) Valpha transcripts (Valpha1 and Valpha2) and one TCR Vbeta transcript (Vbeta13). To elucidate whether two TCR complexes were responsible for the dual recognition or one complex, cytotoxic T cells were transduced with retroviral vectors encoding the different TCR chains. Only T cells transduced with the TCR Valpha1Vbeta13 combination specifically recognized both the HLA-A2(+) and HLA-DR1(+) target cells, whereas the Valpha2Vbeta13 combination did not result in a TCR on the cell surface. Thus a single TCRalphabeta complex can have dual specificity, recognizing both a peptide in the context of HLA class I as well as a peptide in the context of HLA class II. Transactivation of T cells by an unrelated antigen in the context of HLA class II may evoke an HLA class I-specific T cell response. We propose that this finding may have major implications for immunotherapeutic interventions and insight into the development of autoimmune diseases.
Prevalence and characteristics of chronic sensory problems in burn patients (1996)

Problems of pain and paresthesia in the healed wounds of burn patients are an understudied and poorly documented phenomenon. This descriptive study was designed to examine the prevalence and characteristics of these chronic sensory problems 1 year or more postburn. Four hundred and thirty patients were sent questionnaires which assessed the frequency and intensity of the problems, influencing factors and impact on patients' lives. These problems were assessed by rating scales (visual analogue and categorical scales) and the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ). The response rate was 67%. Over one-third of the participants (36.4%) complained of pain while the prevalence of paresthetic sensations was 71.2%. More than half of the symptomatic patients experienced sensory problems every week sufficient to interfere with daily living. No relationships were found between these sensory problems and the patients' age or sex, burn etiology, or length of time elapsed since injury. Burn severity was related to the frequency of the problems. Discussion emphasizes the need for adequate treatment of these problems and suggests further research issues.
Vibrational spectroscopic studies of the chemical dynamics in charge transfer complexes of the type iodine-pyridine 2. Intermolecular dynamics from far infrared bands (1997)

(1997). Vibrational spectroscopic studies of the chemical dynamics in charge transfer complexes of the type iodine-pyridine 2. Intermolecular dynamics from far infrared bands. Molecular Physics: Vol. 92, No. 2, pp. 281-292.
Pulsed Feeding during Fed-Batch Aspergillus oryzae Fermentation Leads to Improved Oxygen Mass Transfer (2003)

Productivity in many fungal fermentations is detrimentally affected by high broth viscosity and consequent reduced oxygen mass transfer capacity. The goal here was to determine whether pulsed feeding of limiting carbon in a fungal fermentation could lead to reduced viscosity and improved oxygen mass transfer. As a model, an industrially relevant recombinant strain of Aspergillus oryzae was grown in carbon-limited, fed-batch mode. Maltodextrin was used as a carbon source and was added either continuously or in 1.5-min pulses, 3.5 min apart. In both feeding modes the same total amount of carbon was added, and carbon feed rate was at sufficiently low levels to ensure cultures were always carbon-limited. Compared to continuous feeding, pulsed addition of substrate led to smaller fungal elements, which resulted in a significant reduction in broth viscosity. This in turn led to higher dissolved oxygen concentrations and increased oxygen uptake rates during pulsed feeding.
[Structure-activity relationship analysis]. (2004)

All samples for anticancer drug screening were classified according to their structural features and their structure-activity relationships were analyzed. Synthetic gymnastatin analogs including JCI: 11788 and JCI: 11786 altered their selectivity for protein kinase inhibition with the length of a fatty acid chain. Although a new inhibitor of tubulin depolymerization, JCI: 11578, displayed a high correlation to known tubulin binders, novel inhibitors of tubulin polymerization, JCI: 11534, JCI: 11675 and JCI: 11676, exhibited poor correlations to tubulin binders. JCI: 11403 and JCI: 11407 inhibited topoisomerase I selectively and appear to belong to a new family of topoisomerase inhibitors. They are expected to be important key compounds for structure-activity relationship analysis as well as new lead compounds for anticancer drugs.
Separation and extraction of Φ‐methyl ester sulfoxylates: New features (2001)

Abstract This paper deals with the separation and purification of Φ‐methyl ester sulfoxylates obtained through the sulfoxidation process. Two new steps are implemented during separation of the final product from the nonreacted reagent: (i) hot water is used instead of water/ethanol mixture, and (ii) n ‐butanol is used as the extractive phase after neutralization instead of ethanol, leading to a product with more than 75% active ingredient. A significant improvement in the separation and purification steps has been obtained. The new procedure allows a complete material balance of the main products formed during sulfoxidation of fatty acid methyl esters and thus can lead to study of the reaction conditions, which can improve both conversion and selectivity.