gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Not Just Privacy: Improving Performance of Private Deep Learning in Mobile Cloud (2018)

The increasing demand for on-device deep learning services calls for a highly efficient manner to deploy deep neural networks (DNNs) on mobile devices with limited capacity. The cloud-based solution is a promising approach to enabling deep learning applications on mobile devices where the large portions of a DNN are offloaded to the cloud. However, revealing data to the cloud leads to potential privacy risk. To benefit from the cloud data center without the privacy risk, we design, evaluate, and implement a cloud-based framework ARDEN which partitions the DNN across mobile devices and cloud data centers. A simple data transformation is performed on the mobile device, while the resource-hungry training and the complex inference rely on the cloud data center. To protect the sensitive information, a lightweight privacy-preserving mechanism consisting of arbitrary data nullification and random noise addition is introduced, which provides strong privacy guarantee. A rigorous privacy budget analysis is given. Nonetheless, the private perturbation to the original data inevitably has a negative impact on the performance of further inference on the cloud side. To mitigate this influence, we propose a noisy training method to enhance the cloud-side network robustness to perturbed data. Through the sophisticated design, ARDEN can not only preserve privacy but also improve the inference performance. To validate the proposed ARDEN, a series of experiments based on three image datasets and a real mobile application are conducted. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of ARDEN. Finally, we implement ARDEN on a demo system to verify its practicality.
Phase I clinical investigation of 9,10-anthracenedicarboxaldehyde bis[(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)hydrazone] dihydrochloride with correlative in vitro human tumor clonogenic assay. (1982)

9,10-Anthracenedicarboxaldehyde bis[(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)hydrazone] dihydrochloride (bisantrene) is a new anthracene bishydrazone derivative which was entered into a Phase I clinical trial (one dose weekly for 3 weeks) because it showed significant antitumor activity in a number of animal tumor models and in vitro in the human tumor stem cell assay. When possible, patients were entered into the phase I study if their tumors showed in vitro sensitivity to bisantrene and resistance to standard agents, using a human tumor stem cell assay. Thirty-one patients were treated with bisantrene over a 10-month period, starting at a dose of 70 mg/sq m/week. The appearance of leukopenia determined the dose-limiting toxicity of bisantrene. The maximally tolerated dose appeared to be 200 mg/sq m in that three of five patients tolerated these weekly-for-3-weeks doses while experiencing only mild or moderate leukopenia. In contrast, the 220-mg/sq m dose caused moderate to life-threatening leukopenia after just two weekly doses in four of five patients. Local bisantrene toxicity included mild to severe arm swelling, phlebitis, pain, urticaria, and erythema in 68% of the patients. In general, these toxicities were well tolerated and rapidly reversible, but two patients had severe local swelling for up to 6 months. In this Phase I trial, bisantrene showed clinical antitumor activity against both hematological cancer (i.e., lymphoma and myeloma) and solid tumors (i.e., bladder, lung, and renal cancer and melanoma). Of importance, four of the six responses occurred in patients whose therapy was selected on the basis of in vitro sensitivity to bisantrene using the human tumor stem cell assay. One patient with disseminated melanoma had complete disappearance of an axillary node metastasis (for more than 6 months) while developing a brain metastasis, suggesting that bisantrene does not concentrate in the central nervous system.
Rapid reduction and removal of HDL- but not LDL-associated cholesteryl ester hydroperoxides by rat liver perfused in situ (1996)

To test whether high-density lipoproteins (HDL) could aid in the removal in vivo of potentially atherogenic oxidized lipids, we perfused rat liver in situ with buffer supplemented with isolated human HDL containing small amounts of cholesteryl linoleate hydro(pero)xides [CH18:2-O(O)H]. Perfusion resulted in the rapid removal of Ch18:2-O(O)H from HDL with a half-life (t1/2)of 11.4 min., faster than that of unoxidized cholesteryl linoleate, and dependent of the presence of the liver. In addition, the liver enhanced the reduction of Ch18:2-OOH associated with HDL remaining in the perfusate buffer. Perfusion resulted in the release of a hepatic activity that enhanced the reduction of HDL-associated CH18:2-OOH and was resistant to heat treatment. In contrast with the situation with HDL, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-associated CH18:2-O(O)H were neither removed nor reduced by perfused rat liver within the time course studied, in support of a possible role for HDL in the detoxification of circulating lipid hydroperoxides in vivo.
Robot subtask performance with singularity robustness using optimal damped least-squares (2003)

The authors introduce a novel formulation of subtask performance for redundant manipulators. This formulation uses the singularity robust inverse (SRI), which is effective in yielding feasible joint motions in single regions, in conjunction with a homogeneous-like joint velocity component to perform an additional subtask such as obstacle avoidance. This novel inverse kinematic scheme enables the manipulator to overcome singularities (or, more accurately, avoid infeasible joint motions at or near singular configurations) and avoid obstacles in addition to the main motion task. The attractive aspect of this scheme is that it results in the satisfaction of two subtasks without requiring two explicit subtask criteria. This is because one of the subtasks, i.e., feasible joint motion, is implicitly incorporated in the particular solution in the form of the SRI. As depicted in simulations, the proposed formulation proves to be an effective inverse kinematic solution in singular regions of the manipulator workspace.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Tissue‐specific Expression of Hepatic Functions Genetic Aspectsa (1986)

Intertypic hybrids formed by fusing dissimilar cell types generally fail to express the tissue-specific products of either parent, a phenomenon termed extinction. To explore the genetic basis and phenotypic complexity of this phenomenon, 15 liver-specific cDNA clones have been used as probes to assay expression of the corresponding mRNAs in a series of hepatoma x fibroblast hybrids retaining different fibroblast chromosomes. Thirteen of the 15 liver-specific mRNAs were extinguished in karyotypically complete hepatoma x fibroblast hybrids, but were reexpressed in hybrid segregants that had eliminated fibroblast chromosomes. In three cases analyzed in detail, extinction of a particular hepatic marker required the presence of a single, specific fibroblast chromosome. These data define and localize a set of discrete genetic loci, the Tse loci, that negatively regulate liver-specific gene expression in trans.
Bcl-2 expression in pancreas development and pancreatic cancer progression (2001)

Apoptosis is important for both tissue development and differentiation; its deregulation may contribute to tumourigenesis. In order to clarify the role of Bcl-2, an apoptosis-inhibiting protein, in pancreatic morphogenesis and tumour progression, its immunohistochemical expression was evaluated in 12 samples of fetal pancreas, in 10 samples of adult pancreas with ductal hyperplastic lesions, in 120 cases of primary pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and in 43 synchronous metastatic lymph nodes. To evaluate the role of apoptosis in pancreatic cancer, p53 expression was also studied in tumour samples. Bcl-2 cytoplasmic acinar and ductal immunostaining was found in all fetal and adult tissue samples; ductal hyperplastic lesions were constantly negative. Thirty out of 120 (25%) tumours and 3 out of 43 (7%) lymph nodes expressed Bcl-2, whereas 67 out of 120 (56%) expressed nuclear p53. Well-differentiated tumours (G1) were more frequently Bcl-2-positive (p=0.002); furthermore, there was an inverse correlation between Bcl-2 and p53 expression in primary tumours (p=0.02). Neither Bcl-2 nor p53 influenced patients' prognosis, which was instead affected by N (p=0.02) and M (p<0.0001) status and stage of the disease (p=0.002). It is concluded that Bcl-2 regulates pancreatic morphogenesis and tissue homeostasis from early fetal to adult life and can be considered a phenotypic marker of normal exocrine pancreas. On the other hand, the lack of expression in preneoplastic lesions and the low positivity found in primary tumours and lymph node metastases suggest that Bcl-2 does not play a centralrole in pancreatic tumourigenesis and cancer progression.
Teenagers＇ Sexual Behavior in Sweden, Europe (2005)

Objective To investigate the development of sexuality from to adolescence,and to compare girls and boys of different agesMethods A cross sectional survey in all schools was performed covering all pupilsbetween 13 and 18years of age that were in school when the survey was conducted. Avalidated instrument, Q90, created for use in teenagers was distributed in the class-rooms to 3 216 teenagers. Q90 covers 30 questions about body development andsexual behavior. Non-response was insignificant (n=19; 0. 6%).Results Pubertal development was considered early or late by about 50% ofboth boys and girls. Eighty percent of the 13 to 15 years old boys and girls had had aromance and 30% had experience of sexual cuddling (petting), while significantlymore girls than boys had sexual intercourse (18% vs 13%; odds ratio 1.5, 95% CI1.1-1.9). The difference between girls and boys remained in those being 16-18 yearsold, where 63% of the girls and 53% of the boys (odds ratio 1.5, 95% CI 1.2-1.9)admitted having intercourse. Mean age at first intercourse was 14.9 and 15 years,respectively. At 16-18years of age, 23% of the sexually active girls, as compared with25% of the boys estimated that they had had 6 or more sexual partners. About 30% ofthe adolescents, irrespective of age and gender, did not use contraceptives at theirfirst and latest intercourse. Eight percent of the older girls had been pregnant, andthey had an increased history of sexually transmitted infections, as compared withthe boys (6.2% vs 2.7%; odds ratio 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-5.0).Conclusion Exploring sexuality and experimentation is a normal behavior inadolescence. The results of this study, however, indicate that there are substantialgroups of teenagers who practice sexual risk-taking. In addition to general sexualeducation, programs should also be directed to define sexual risks and its consequences.
Rheology of Soft Materials (2010)

Research on soft materials, including colloidal suspensions, glasses, pastes, emulsions, foams, polymer networks, liquid crystals, granular materials, and cells, has captured the interest of scientists and engineers in fields ranging from physics and chemical engineering to materials science and cell biology. Recent advances in rheological methods to probe mechanical responses of these complex media have been instrumental for producing new understanding of soft matter and for generating novel technological applications. This review surveys these technical developments and current work in the field, with partial aim to illustrate open questions for future research.
SUMO Modification of Huntingtin and Huntington's Disease Pathology (2004)

Huntington's disease (HD) is characterized by the accumulation of a pathogenic protein, Huntingtin (Htt), that contains an abnormal polyglutamine expansion. Here, we report that a pathogenic fragment of Htt (Httex1p) can be modified either by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-1 or by ubiquitin on identical lysine residues. In cultured cells, SUMOylation stabilizes Httex1p, reduces its ability to form aggregates, and promotes its capacity to repress transcription. In a Drosophila model of HD, SUMOylation of Httex1p exacerbates neurodegeneration, whereas ubiquitination of Httex1p abrogates neurodegeneration. Lysine mutations that prevent both SUMOylation and ubiquitination of Httex1p reduce HD pathology, indicating that the contribution of SUMOylation to HD pathology extends beyond preventing Htt ubiquitination and degradation.
Mutations in the catalytic domain of factor IX that are related to the subclass hemophilia Bm (1993)

Hemophilia Bm, a variant of hemophilia B, results in a marked increase in the ox brain prothrombin time. Mutations known to cause hemophilia Bm occur at residue 180, 181, or 182 near the amino terminus of the heavy chain and at residue 311, 364, 368, 390, 396, or 397 near the activation site of factor IX (Giannelli et al., 1990). In this study we replaced factor IX residues 181, 182, and 390 in separate experiments by site-directed mutgenesis. Valine 181 was replaced by isoleucine or alanine, and valine 182 was replaced by alanine or glycine. Alanine 390 was replaced by valine or aspartic acid. Recombinant factor IXs were expressed in human kidney 293 cells and purified by absorption and elution from a conformational specific monoclonal antibody column. The results show that factor IX Bm is a function not only of the position of the mutated amino acid but also of the particular amino acid substituted. For example, when valine 181 or 182 was replaced by small hydrophobic amino acids (alanine and glycine), factor IXs were found to have significantly decreased clotting activity. Unlike the naturally occurring mutations (Val181 --> Phe181 or Val182 --> Leu182), however, the small amino acid replacements did not result in prolonged ox brain prothrombin times. Surprisingly, the Ala390 --> Asp390 exchange did not affect clotting activity or binding to the macromolecular inhibitor antithrombin III. The Ala390 --> Val390 exchange resulted in loss of both clotting activity and binding to antithrombin III. These results suggest that residue 390 is not directly involved in binding to antithrombin III.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Environmental Metabolomics:  A SWOT Analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) (2007)

Metabolomic approaches have the potential to make an exceptional contribution to understanding how chemicals and other environmental stressors can affect both human and environmental health. However, the application of metabolomics to environmental exposures, although getting underway, has not yet been extensively explored. This review will use a SWOT analysis model to discuss some of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that are apparent to an investigator venturing into this relatively new field. SWOT has been used extensively in business settings to uncover new outlooks and identify problems that would impede progress. The field of environmental metabolomics provides great opportunities for discovery, and this is recognized by a high level of interest in potential applications. However, understanding the biological consequence of environmental exposures can be confounded by inter- and intra-individual differences. Metabolomic profiles can yield a plethora of data, the interpretation of which is complex and still being evaluated and researched. The development of the field will depend on the availability of technologies for data handling and that permit ready access metabolomic databases. Understanding the relevance of metabolomic endpoints to organism health vs adaptation vs variation is an important step in understanding what constitutes a substantive environmental threat. Metabolomic applications in reproductive research are discussed. Overall, the development of a comprehensive mechanistic-based interpretation of metabolomic changes offers the possibility of providing information that will significantly contribute to the protection of human health and the environment.
The Effect of the Solvent on the Iodination of a Tyrosine Derivative and its Relation to the Iodination of Wool (1971)

A study was made of the rate and extent of reaction of N-acetyltyrosine ethyl ester with iodine, using ethanol, n- propanol, and n-butanol as solvents. In anhydrous ethanol, the reaction became extremely slow when about one-third of the tyrosine had been iodinated. In anhydrous propanol, less than 10% of the tyrosine was iodinated after prolonged treatment. In anhydrous n-butanol, the loss of tyrosine was barely detectable. Addition of traces of water to the solvent increased the rate and extent of iodination in all three solvents. The addition of anhydrous NaOH to the anhydrous alcohols caused marginal increases in iodination, but larger increases were observed in the presence of traces of water. The tyrosine residues were found to be iodinated to about the same extent in the high-sulfur and low-sulfur protein fractions extracted from wool which had been treated for 15 days at 30°C with 0.39 M I 2 in anhydrous n-propanol. The data are discussed in relation to the use of measurements of wool iodination to indicate penetration of the solvent in to the fiber.
ERCC6, a gen involved in Cockayne's syndrome (1993)

Knowledge on the molecular mechanism of nucleotide excision repair (NER)\nin mammalian cells is rapidly increasing, but far from complete. The aim of the\nexperimental work described in this thesis is to enrich our understanding of the NER\nprocess, through the identification and characterization of gene(s) involved. Hereto,\nthe UV-sensitivity of a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) mutant cell line from rodent\ncomplementation group 6 (UV61) was restored to normal levels by means of DNAmediated\ngene transfer. The correcting human gene, designated ERCC6, has been\nisolated and characterized -as described in Chapters III to VI. Mutations in the gene\nappeared to be responsible for (the most common form of) the hereditary DNA repair\ndisorder Cockayne's syndrome. A brief overview of (mammalian) NER is given in\nChapter II. Finally, in Chapter VII the current data on the molecular mechanism of\n(mammalian) NER are discussed.
Coexpression of Molecular Chaperone BiP Improves Immunoglobulin Solubility and IgG Secretion from Trichoplusia ni Insect Cells (1997)

Infection of Trichoplusia ni (BTI-TN5B1-4) insect cells with a baculovirus coding for immunoglobulin G resulted in significant intracellular insolubility of the immunoglobulin chains. In order to increase the immunoglobulin solubility, the chaperone BiP was coexpressed in the insect cells using a separate baculovirus vector. This heterologous BiP was observed to associate with immunoglobulin chains in vivo and enhance the level of soluble intracellular and secreted IgG obtained from T.ni. Pulse chase studies indicated that the heterologous BiP increased the level of soluble nascent immunoglobulin chains and assembly intermediates to suggest that BiP is acting as a true molecular chaperone. The effect of heterologous BiP became more significant with time post-infection as secreted IgG levels increased by 90% after 3.4 days of baculovirus infection. Even following the treatment of cells with tunicamycin, BiP coexpression still enhanced immunoglobulin solubility and secretion to indicate that BiP does not function specifically to retain unglycosylated proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Thus, coexpression of a molecular chaperone may be used to enhance cellular productivity and protein secretion provided that the chaperone is involved with post-translational processing and significant protein aggregation is observed.
The Dynamics of Genome-wide DNA Methylation Reprogramming in Mouse Primordial Germ Cells (2012)

Genome-wide DNA methylation reprogramming occurs in mouse primordial germ cells (PGCs) and preimplantation embryos, but the precise dynamics and biological outcomes are largely unknown. We have carried out whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (BS-Seq) and RNA-Seq across key stages from E6.5 epiblast to E16.5 PGCs. Global loss of methylation takes place during PGC expansion and migration with evidence for passive demethylation, but sequences that carry long-term epigenetic memory (imprints, CpG islands on the X chromosome, germline-specific genes) only become demethylated upon entry of PGCs into the gonads. The transcriptional profile of PGCs is tightly controlled despite global hypomethylation, with transient expression of the pluripotency network, suggesting that reprogramming and pluripotency are inextricably linked. Our results provide a framework for the understanding of the epigenetic ground state of pluripotency in the germline.
Induction of Japanese encephalitis virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in humans by poxvirus-based JE vaccine candidates (1998)

Poxvirus-based recombinant Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine candidates, NYVAC-JEV and ALVAC-JEV, were examined for their ability to induce JE virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in a phase I clinical trial. These vaccine candidates encoded the JE virus premembrane (prM), envelope (E) and non-structural 1 (NS1) proteins. The volunteers received subcutaneous inoculations with each of these candidates on days 0 and 28, and blood was drawn 2 days before vaccination and on day 58. Anti-E and anti-NS1 antibodies were elicited in most vaccinees inoculated with NYVAC-JEV and in some vaccinees inoculated with ALVAC-JEV. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from approximately one half of vaccines showed positive proliferation in response to stimulation with live JE virus. Cytotoxic assays demonstrated the presence of JE virus-specific CTLs in in vitro-stimulated PBMCs obtained from two NYVAC-JEV and two ALVAC-JEV vaccinees. Cell depletion tests using PBMCs from one NYVAC-JEV recipient indicated that the phenotype of CTLs was CD8+CD4-.
Protective Antigen-Mediated Antibody Response against a Heterologous Protein Produced In Vivo byBacillus anthracis (2000)

Bacillus anthracis secretes a lethal toxin composed of two proteins, the lethal factor (LF) and the protective antigen (PA), which interact within the host or in vitro at the surfaces of eukaryotic cells. Immunization with attenuated B. anthracis strains induces an antibody response against PA and LF. The LF-specific response is potentiated by the binding of LF to PA. In this study, we investigated the capacity of PA to increase the antibody response against a foreign antigen. We constructed a chimeric gene encoding the PA-binding part of LF (LF254) fused to the C fragment of tetanus toxin (ToxC). The construct was introduced by allelic exchange into the locus encoding LF. Two recombinant B. anthracis strains secreting the hybrid protein LF254-ToxC were generated, one in a PA-producing background and the other in a PA-deficient background. Mice were immunized with spores of the strains, and the humoral response and protection against tetanus toxin were assessed. The B. anthracis strain producing both PA and LF254-ToxC induced significantly higher antibody titers and provided better protection against a lethal challenge with tetanus toxin than did its PA-deficient counterpart. Thus, PA is able to potentiate protective immunity against a heterologous antigen, demonstrating the potential of B. anthracis recombinant strains for use as live vaccine vehicles.