gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HSP90 inhibition in HER2-positive breast cancer cells (2009)

e14573 Background: HSP90 is required for the stability and activity of HER2 and downstream proteins, such as Akt, which play a key role in survival. We aimed to assess the anti-tumor effect of the HSP90 inhibitor NVP-AUY922 in HER-2 positive breast cancer cell lines. Methods: HER2 positive breast cancer cell lines with varied sensitivity to trastuzumab (Sensitive: BT474, SKBR3; acquired resistance: BT474Res, SKBR3Res; innate resistance: HCC1419, HCC1954, MDA-MB-453) were treated with the HSP90 inhibitor NVP-AUY922 (Novartis) and trastuzumab. IC 50 s were determined using the acid phosphatase assay. HER2, Akt and HSP90 levels were determined by immunoblotting after treatment with NVP-AUY922. Combinations of NVP-AUY922 with docetaxel, cisplatin and 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5-DFUR) were tested in BT474 and SKBR3 cells. Results: All of the HER2 positive cells were sensitive to NVP-AUY922, with IC 50 s ranging from 5.5 to 16.4 nM. Combined treatment with NVP-AUY922 (10 nM) and trastuzumab (10 nM) showed significantly greater inhibition of growth than either trastuzumab or NVP-AUY922 alone in BT474 and BT474Res cell lines (p&lt;0.005). In SKBR3 and SKBR3Res cells, dual treatment with NVP-AUY922 and trastuzumab did not significantly increase response compared to NVP-AUY922 alone ( Table 1 ). Treatment with NVP-AUY922 resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in HER2 and Akt levels in trastuzumab-sensitive and -resistant cells. Combinations of docetaxel, cisplatin or 5-DFUR with NVP- AUY922 were antagonistic in both BT474 and SKBR3 cells (CI values &gt;1). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that NVP-AUY922 has anti-tumor activity in trastuzumab-sensitive, and in both innate and acquired trastuzumab-resistant HER2 positive breast cancer cells. The antagonistic interactions observed for combinations of NVP-AUY922 with chemotherapy do not favour clinical evaluation of such combinations. However, combinations with other targeted therapies, such as trastuzumab, warrant further investigation. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
Increased Amygdala Activation to Angry and Contemptuous Faces in Generalized Social Phobia (2002)

These findings are consistent with a role for differential amygdala (and associated limbic) functioning in GSP. The pronounced response to contemptuous and angry facial expressions suggests that the amygdala in GSP may be particularly active in the processing of disorder-salient stimuli.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Concepts of Electroporation Pulse Generation (2011)

Electroporator is a generator of electric pulses that is used for permeabilization of cells. There are five major concepts of electroporation design. Capacitor discharge, square wave generator, and analog generator are used to generate classical electroporation pulses that are longer than microsecond and pulse forming network, and resonant charging generator that are used to generate nanosecond electroporation pulses. The choice of an electroporator design is always driven by the biotechnological or biomedical application. Electroporators can be used for introduction of small (electrochemotherapy) and large molecules (gene electrotransfer), cell fusion, insertion of proteins into cell membrane, electroporation of organelles, pasteurization, tissue ablation etc. Basic concepts and foreseeable future developments in electroporator design are presented in this article.
A Genome-Wide View of theEscherichia coliBasS–BasR Two-component System Implicated in Iron-responses (2004)

Histidine-to-aspartate (His-->Asp) phosphorelay (or two-component) systems are very common signal transduction mechanisms that are implicated in a wide variety of cellular responses to environmental stimuli in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Determination of the entire genomic sequence of Escherichia coli revealed that this gram-negative bacterium has 29 His-kinases and 32 response regulators. Of the 29 His-kinases, 23 have already been experimentally characterized at least to some extent in terms of their physiological functions. No physiological stimulus has yet been identified for each of the remaining 6 His-kinases (BasS, CreC, RstB, YfhK, YehU, and YpdA). Here we characterized the BasS-BasR two-component system with reference to its physiological function, taking genetic approaches together with genome-wide transcriptome profiling. First we showed that the hypothetical yfbE operon that appears to be implicated in the modification of lipopolysaccharides is regulated at the level of transcription in response to external iron, and then we showed that the BasS-BasR system is essential for this iron-dependent induction of yfbE. Another PhoQ-PhoP two-component system was also implicated in the full induction of yfbE in response to iron, but it was not essential. To gain more insight into the BasS-BasR system, we conducted genome-wide transcriptome analysis by microarray, finding that many of the uncovered putative iron-induced and BasS-BasR-dependent genes are somehow associated with acidic and/or anaerobic growth conditions. In this respect, it was found that mutant cells defective in the BasS-BasR system were sensitive to mild-acid growth conditions in the presence of a relatively high concentration of iron. These results are discussed with regard to a comprehensive picture of the His-->Asp phosphorelay signaling network in E. coli.
Blood flow in six human melanoma xenograft lines with different growth characteristics. (1992)

Blood flow in six human melanoma xenograft lines grown s.c. in BALB/c-nu/nu mice was studied and analyzed in relation to tumor growth characteristics. Two different methods were used to measure blood flow, i.e., uptake of 86Rb and clearance of 133Xe. The percentage of the injected 86Rb taken up per g of tumor tissue and the 133Xe clearance rate were used as parameters for blood flow. The results achieved with these two methods were consistent. Blood flow differed significantly among individual tumors of the same line, even for tumors of similar size. All lines showed a decrease in blood flow with increasing tumor volume. This was due to an increase in necrotic fraction as well as a decrease in blood supply per viable tumor cell. Blood flow also differed significantly among the xenograft lines. All lines showed a lower blood flow than the kidney, spleen, liver, and foot. The blood flow was generally lower in the xenograft lines than in the EMT6 and Lewis lung murine tumor lines. There was no correlation between tumor blood flow and volumetric growth rate. The xenograft lines could be divided into two distinct groups of three lines each with respect to blood supply per viable tumor cell. The three lines showing a high blood supply also showed a high fraction of cells in S phase (23-31%), whereas the three lines showing a low blood supply had a low fraction of S-phase cells (11-13%). Thus, blood supply per viable tumor cell was probably decisive for the cell proliferation activity in the tumors. Moreover, necrotic fraction increased with increasing tumor volume, and the magnitude of this increase was largest for the three lines showing the lowest blood supply per viable tumor cell. These observations were possibly consequences of basic differences in vascular architecture between the two groups of xenograft lines.
Polymorphisms of the Human Matrix Gla Protein (MGP) Gene, Vascular Calcification, and Myocardial Infarction (2000)

Abstract—The matrix Gla protein (MGP) is an important inhibitor of vessel and cartilage calcification that is strongly expressed in human calcified, atherosclerotic plaques and could modulate plaque calcification and coronary heart disease risk. Using a genetic approach, we explored this possibility by identifying polymorphisms of the MGP gene and testing their possible association with myocardial infarction (MI) and plaque calcification. Eight polymorphisms were identified in the coding and 5′-flanking sequences of the MGP gene. All polymorphisms were investigated in 607 patients with MI and 667 control subjects recruited into the ECTIM Study (Etude Cas-Temoins de l’Infarctus du Myocarde) and in 717 healthy individuals with echographically assessed arterial calcification and atherosclerosis who were participating in the AXA Study. In the ECTIM Study, alleles and genotypes were distributed similarly in patients and controls in the whole study group; in only 1 subgroup of subjects defined as being at low ...
Innovative mobile services to meet the needs and budget of entry-level mobile subscribers (2006)

In high-grow economies, mobile comunication offers a tremendous opportunity to fill the gap left by traditional communications infrastructures to serve everzone, everywhere
Impairment of Endothelium-Dependent Pulmonary-Artery Relaxation in Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (1991)

Endothelium-dependent pulmonary-artery relaxation in vitro is impaired in arteries from patients with end-stage chronic obstructive lung disease. Such impairment may contribute to the development of pulmonary hypertension in chronic hypoxic lung disease.
Bis(trimethylzinn)benzpinakolat, seine reversible radikalische Dissoziation und Reaktionen (1975)

Abstract Benzpinakolderivate Ph 2 C(OMMe 3 )‐CPh 2 (OMMe 3 ), M  Sn (1) , Si (6) , Ge (7) , werden mittels langwelligen UV‐Lichts aus Benzophenon und Distannan bzw. Ge ‐Hg‐Verbindungen 8 oder Si ‐Hg‐Verbindungen 5 bei Raumtemperatur dargestellt. Sie dissoziieren überraschend leicht zu ketylanalogen Radikalen Ph 2 C′(OMMe 3 ) [ΔH = 23 (bei 1 ), 27 (bei 7 ), 31 (bei 6 ),∓ 2 kcal/mol]. Es wird gezeigt, daß Hauptursache hierfür nicht eine Mesomeriestabilisierung des Radikals durch die OMMe 3 ‐Gruppe, sondern der sterische Druck im hochsubstituierten Äthanmolekül ist. — 1 fragmentiert ab 60°C zu Benzophenon und Stannylradikalen, die z. B. S H 2γhyphen;Reaktionen am Allylsystem bewirken. Sehr vie1 schneller reagiert 1 z. B. mit O 2 , J 2 ,verschiedenen Alkylhalogeniden, Carbonyl‐, Peroxy‐ und Azoverbindungen, wobei formal Stannylradikale Abstraktionen oder Additionen eingehen. Ein kryptoradikalischer Mechanismus ohne Auftreten freier Stannylradikale, mit direktem Angriff des Partners auf 1 bzw. 2 und Benzophenon als energiearmer Austrittsgruppe, wird vorgeschlagen.
High Rate Nitrogen Removal in an Alum Sludge-Based Intermittent Aeration Constructed Wetland (2012)

A new development on treatment wetland technology for the purpose of achieving high rate nitrogen removal from high strength wastewater has been made in this study. The laboratory scale alum sludge-based intermittent aeration constructed wetland (AlS-IACW) was integrated with predenitrification, intermittent aeration, and step-feeding strategies. Results obtained from 280 days of operation have demonstrated extraordinary nitrogen removal performance with mean total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency of 90% under high N loading rate (NLR) of 46.7 g N m–2 d–1. This performance was a substantial improvement compared to the reported TN removal performance in literature. Most significantly, partial nitrification and simultaneous nitrification denitrification (SND) via nitrite was found to be the main nitrogen conversion pathways in the AlS-IACW system under high dissolved oxygen concentrations (3–6 mg L–1) without specific control. SND under high dissolved oxygen (DO) brings high nitrogen conversion rates. Partial nitrification and SND via nitrite can significantly reduce the demand for organic carbon compared with full nitrification and denitrification via nitrate (up to 40%). Overall, these mechanisms allow the system to maintaining efficient and high rate TN removal even under carbon limiting conditions.
Resistance of Yersinia pestis to Complement-Dependent Killing Is Mediated by the Ail Outer Membrane Protein (2007)

Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, must survive in blood in order to cause disease and to be transmitted from host to host by fleas. Members of the Ail/Lom family of outer membrane proteins provide protection from complement-dependent killing for a number of pathogenic bacteria. The Y. pestis KIM genome is predicted to encode four Ail/Lom family proteins. Y. pestis mutants specifically deficient in expression of each of these proteins were constructed using lambda Red-mediated recombination. The Ail outer membrane protein was essential for Y. pestis to resist complement-mediated killing at 26 and 37 degrees C. Ail was expressed at high levels at both 26 and 37 degrees C, but not at 6 degrees C. Expression of Ail in Escherichia coli provided protection from the bactericidal activity of complement. High-level expression of the three other Y. pestis Ail/Lom family proteins (the y1682, y2034, and y2446 proteins) provided no protection against complement-mediated bacterial killing. A Y. pestis ail deletion mutant was rapidly killed by sera obtained from all mammals tested except mouse serum. The role of Ail in infection of mice, Caenorhabditis elegans, and fleas was investigated.
Activation of angiogenesis under influence of red low level laser radiation (2005)

Activation of angiogenesis under laser irradiation is one of the feasible explanations for long lasting treatment effects of laser therapy. The aim of the current study is the investigation of red low level laser light influence on angiogenesis study in vitro, and comparison with effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) application. The study was done on rat thoracic aortal rings. Samples of group 1 served as control, group 2 samples were incubated with VEGF, group 3 samples were irradiated with low level laser (660 nm, 20 mW) during 10 min, and group 4 samples were incubated with VEGF and received 10 min of laser irradiation. Low level laser irradiation activates the process of angiogenesis. In the control group angiogenesis of new vessels was not detected. Laser irradiation promoted angiogenesis. The area covered by new vessels was 1,9±0,29 mm<sup>2</sup> and the maximal length of vessels was 0,75±0,lO mm. No statistical difference was discovered between laser irradiation and VEGF application. After combined influence of VEGF and laser light irradiation the area covered by new vessels was 6,98±0,88 mm<sup>2</sup> and the maximal length of vessels was 1,7±0,23 mm. So, laser irradiation can intensify effects of VEGF on angiogenesis.
Rapid Production of Interleukin-2-Secreting Tumor Cells by Herpes Simplex Virus-Mediated Gene Transfer: Implications for Autologous Vaccine Production (1996)

Production of autologous tumor vaccines would be facilitated by the development of a rapid and efficient method for the transfer of genes into freshly isolated cells. To evaluate the potential of replication defective herpes simplex viral (HSV) amplicon vectors as gene transfer vehicles for tumor vaccine generation, a vector that expresses the human interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene (HSV-IL2) and one that expresses Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (HSVlac) were tested in hepatoma cells of both murine and human origin. Gene transfer into murine hepatoma cells (HEPA 1-6) was both rapid and highly efficient: greater than 50% of cells expressed beta-Gal when infected at a multiplicity of infection (m.o.i.) of 1 with an exposure period of 20 min. Moreover, gene transfer was as efficient in tumor cells after irradiation with 10,000 rads as in nonirradiated tumor cells. Irradiated HEPA 1-6 cells infected with HSV-IL2 for 20 min secreted IL-2 at a rate of 1,200 +/- 160 ng/10(6) cells per day. C57B1/6J mice immunized with irradiated, HSV-IL-2-transduced tumor cells produced in this way demonstrated specific tumor immunity by in vitro splenocyte tumoricidal activity and by in vivo protection against tumor challenge. Human hepatobiliary tumor specimens harvested at the time of operation, irradiated, and infected with HSV-IL-2 also produced nanogram quantities of IL-2/10(6) cells per 24 hr. These results indicate that the HSV amplicon vector is a good candidate vehicle for gene transfer in the production of autologous tumor vaccines. By allowing rapid gene transfer to freshly harvested tumor specimens, these vectors bypass the requirement for cell culture and make feasible reinfusion of genetically modified and irradiated autologous cells within hours of tumor harvest.
Association of the Renin-Sodium Profile with the Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Patients with Hypertension (1991)

In the study population, whose blood pressure before and during treatment was in a narrow range, and after other cardiovascular risk factors had been considered, the renin profile before treatment remained independently associated with the subsequent risk of myocardial infarction.
Near Infrared Spectroscopy in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Diseasea (1996)

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a new technique that permits noninvasive monitoring of cerebral blood and tissue oxygenation. Recently, we and others have shown that NIRS measurements are sensitive enough to follow changes in cerebral hemoglobin oxygenation due to activation of brain function. Based on these findings we have assessed the influence of aging as well as the influence of neurodegeneration on cerebral hemoglobin oxygenation during mental work. The typical NIRS pattern in young healthy subjects while performing calculation tasks measured in the frontal cortex were increases in oxygenated hemoglobin [HbO2] and total hemoglobin [HbT] while reduced hemoglobin [HbR] decreased. Elderly healthy subjects showed a significant lower mean increase in [HbO2] and [HbT] levels. Regression analysis revealed an age-dependent decline in activation-induced local increase of [HbO2] as well as [HbT]. Furthermore, we monitored changes in cerebral hemoglobin oxygenation in the frontal cortex while patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) performed cognitive tasks. Whereas elderly healthy subjects (as well as patients with major depression, age-associated memory impairments or vascular dementia) again showed clear increases in the local concentrations of [HbO2] and [HbT] during brain activation, AD patients showed significant decreases compared to the baseline levels in both variables that were most pronounced in the parietal cortex. To clarify whether the different patterns in cerebral hemoglobin oxygenation during cognitive activation were due to an altered functional brain organization in AD or to alterations in the cerebrovascular response to neuronal activation, we are currently performing simultaneous NIRS and (015-H20-)PET measurements during performance of a cognitive task (Stroop test). Our finding of a regional reduced oxygen supply during activation of brain function may be of relevance to the development and the time course of neurodegeneration.
The BlackWidow High-Radix Clos Network (2006)

This paper describes the radix-64 folded-Clos network of the Cray BlackWidow scalable vector multiprocessor. We describe the BlackWidow network which scales to 32K processors with a worstcase diameter of seven hops, and the underlying high-radix router microarchitecture and its implementation. By using a high-radix router with many narrow channels we are able to take advantage of the higher pin density and faster signaling rates available in modern ASIC technology. The BlackWidow router is an 800 MHz ASIC with 64 18.75Gb/s bidirectional ports for an aggregate offchip bandwidth of 2.4Tb/s. Each port consists of three 6.25Gb/s differential signals in each direction. The router supports deterministic and adaptive packet routing with separate buffering for request and reply virtual channels. The router is organized hierarchically [13] as an 8×8 array of tiles which simplifies arbitration by avoiding long wires in the arbiters. Each tile of the array contains a router port, its associated buffering, and an 8×8 router subswitch. The router ASIC is implemented in a 90nm CMOS standard cell ASIC technology and went from concept to tapeout in 17 months.
Protein databases for compacted eight‐cell and blastocyst‐stage mouse embryos (1994)

High-resolution two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide (2D-SDS) gel electrophoresis combined with computerized analysis of gel images was used to construct and analyze protein data-bases for two stages of preimplantation mouse embryogenesis, the compacted eight-cell stage and the fully expanded blastocyst stage. These stages were chosen for their ease in identification of multiple synchronous embryos. Synchronous cohorts of 30-50 embryos were labelled with L-[35S]methionine for 2 hr. The embryos were then lysed in 30 microliters hot SDS sample buffer, and the lysates were stored at -80 degrees C until the gels were run. Five replicates were run for eight-cell embryos, and four for blastocyst-stage embryos. The samples were processed for 2D gel electrophoresis and fluorography; multiple exposures were made. Gel images were analyzed using the PDQUEST system, and databases were constructed. Analysis of the databases for both developmental stages showed high reproducibility of protein spots in multiple gel images. Of 1,674 total spots in eight-cell embryo standards, > 79% of spots had a percentage error (S.E.M./average) < 50%, and > 45% had a percentage error < 30%. Similarly, of 1,653 total spots in blastocyst-stage embryo standards, 74% of spots had a percentage error < 50%, and approximately 47% of spots had a percentage error < 30%. Forty-three spots (approximately 3% of the total spots) were found to be detected only in the eight-cell stage, while 75 spots were detected solely in the blastocyst stage. Sixty-nine proteins showed a greater than threefold increase in isotope incorporation from the eight-cell to the blastocyst stage, with a percentage error < 50% in both the eight-cell and the blastocyst stages. In contrast, 41 of the proteins showed a decrease during this period. Analysis of the protein databases described in this study has allowed us to document the overall quantitative changes in proteins from the compacted eight-cell stage to the blastocyst stage of mouse preimplantation development. These data-bases provide a valuable tool for further detailed quantitative analysis of specific proteins associated with developmental events. In addition they will permit analysis of the effects of environmental factors, such as growth factors, on early embryo development.
Meta-Analysis of microarray data identifies GAS6 expression as an independent predictor of poor survival in ovarian cancer (2013)

Seeking new biomarkers for epithelial ovarian cancer, the fifth most common cause of death from all cancers in women and the leading cause of death from gynaecological malignancies, we performed a meta-analysis of three independent studies and compared the results in regard to clinicopathological parameters. This analysis revealed that GAS6 was highly expressed in ovarian cancer and therefore was selected as our candidate of choice. GAS6 encodes a secreted protein involved in physiological processes including cell proliferation, chemotaxis, and cell survival. We performed immunohistochemistry on various ovarian cancer tissues and found that GAS6 expression was elevated in tumour tissue samples compared to healthy control samples (P < 0.0001). In addition, GAS6 expression was also higher in tumours from patients with residual disease compared to those without. Our data propose GAS6 as an independent predictor of poor survival, suggesting GAS6, both on the mRNA and on the protein level, as a potential biomarker for ovarian cancer. In clinical practice, the staining of a tumour biopsy for GAS6 may be useful to assess cancer prognosis and/or to monitor disease progression.