gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Altered lymphoid development in mice deficient for the mAF4 proto-oncogene (2000)

Some chromosomal translocations in acute leukemias involve the fusion of the trithorax-related protein Mll (also called HRX, All1, Htrx,) with a variety of heterologous proteins. In acute lymphoblastic leukemia associated with the t(4;11)(q21;q23) translocation, the 4q21 gene that fuses with Mll is AF4. To gain insight into the potential role of AF4 in leukemogenesis and development, this gene was inactivated by homologous recombination in mice. As expected from the tissue distribution of the AF4 transcript, development of both B and T cells is affected in AF4 mutant mice. A severe reduction of the thymic double positive CD4/CD8 (CD4(+)/CD8(+)) population was observed; in addition most double- and single-positive cells expressed lower levels of CD4 and CD8 coreceptors. Most importantly, the reconstitution of the double-positive compartment by expansion of the double-negative cell compartment was severely impaired in these mutant mice. In the bone marrow pre-B and mature B-cell numbers are reduced. These results demonstrate that the function of the mAF4 gene is critical for normal lymphocyte development. This raises the possibility that the disruption of the normal AF4 gene or its association with Mll function by translocation may orient the oncogenic process toward the lymphoid lineage. This represents the first functional study using a knock-out strategy on one of the Mll partner genes in translocation-associated leukemias. (Blood. 2000;96:705-710)
Chemically-Induced Pressure Pulse: A Novel Fracturing Technology for Unconventional Reservoirs (2015)

Abstract The huge resources of unconventional gas worldwide along with the increasing oil demand make the contribution of unconventional gas to be critical to the world economy. However, one of the major challenges that operators face to produce from unconventional resources is commercial stimulation technique that creates sufficient stimulated reservoir volume. Unconventional reserves trapped within very low permeability formations, such as tight gas, or shale formations, exhibit little or no production, and are thus economically undesirable to develop with existing conventional recovery methods. Such reservoirs require a large fracture network with high fracture conductivity to maximize well performance. One commonly employed technique for stimulating low productivity wells is multi-stage hydraulic fracturing, which is costly and typically involves the injection of high viscosity fluids into the well. Fracturing fluid by itself could form a damaging material for the fracture due to high capillary forces. Thus, additional needs exist for an economical method to enhance production within a tight gas formation. This paper discusses a new stimulation method to increase stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) around wellbore and fracture area, and therefore, improve unconventional gas production. The method entails triggering an exothermic chemical reaction in-situ to generate heat, gas and localized pressure sufficient to create fractures around the wellbore. In controlled experiment, chemical reactants were separately injected into core samples with a minihole and upon mixing inside the core, an exothermic chemical reaction occurred and the resultant heat and gas pressure caused macro-fractures. NMR-porosity imaging showed significant increase in macro pores throughout the core. Additionally Large scale experiments using cement blocks with a simulated wellbore cavity were performed. Once the wellbore was filled with the chemicals and upon introducing a triggering catalyst an in-situ chemical reaction took place which generated heat and gas with sufficient pressure to cause shear fractures in the surrounding rock. These experiments showed extensive fractured and shattered pieces and also provided preliminary design requirements for a field test. The chemical reactants then incorporated into a fracturing gel to simulate creating additional fractured from the main induced hydraulic fracture. The results were very encouraging and the generated high temperature and pressure caused the gel to break thus it is concluded that this technique effectively contribute to fracture cleanup in addition to creating required SRV. The experiments were very successful in proving the new concept of generating SRV in tight gas well and the developed stimulation technique is fairly easy to implement in the field.
Threshold signcryption scheme based on elliptic curve cryptosystem and verifiable secret sharing (2005)

In this paper, we present a signcryption scheme based on elliptic curve cryptosystem, which can perfectly integrate digital signature with public key encryption. Then, based on the proposed signcryption scheme, we design a verifiable (f, n) threshold signcryption scheme. This threshold signcryption scheme not only has the advantages of threshold scheme but also has the functions that can prevent the cheating of trusted center, the cheating of participants each other, and the cheating that participants modify their private keys. In the message recovery phase, only the specified recipient can recover the signcryption message. Our proposed scheme has small communication cost, and this cost becomes smaller by compressing the points over elliptic curve.
Separate jasmonate-dependent and salicylate-dependent defense-response pathways in Arabidopsis are essential for resistance to distinct microbial pathogens (1998)

The endogenous plant hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA), whose levels increase on pathogen infection, activate separate sets of genes encoding antimicrobial proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana. The pathogen-inducible genes PR-1, PR-2, and PR-5 require SA signaling for activation, whereas the plant defensin gene PDF1.2, along with a PR-3 and PR-4 gene, are induced by pathogens via an SA-independent and JA-dependent pathway. An Arabidopsis mutant, coi1, that is affected in the JA-response pathway shows enhanced susceptibility to infection by the fungal pathogens Alternaria brassicicola and Botrytis cinerea but not to Peronospora parasitica, and vice versa for two Arabidopsis genotypes (npr1 and NahG) with a defect in their SA response. Resistance to P. parasitica was boosted by external application of the SA-mimicking compound 2, 6-dichloroisonicotinic acid [Delaney, T., et al. (1994) Science 266, 1247-1250] but not by methyl jasmonate (MeJA), whereas treatment with MeJA but not 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid elevated resistance to Alternaria brassicicola. The protective effect of MeJA against A. brassicicola was the result of an endogenous defense response activated in planta and not a direct effect of MeJA on the pathogen, as no protection to A. brassicicola was observed in the coi1 mutant treated with MeJA. These data point to the existence of at least two separate hormone-dependent defense pathways in Arabidopsis that contribute to resistance against distinct microbial pathogens.
A Photochemical Switch for Controlling Protein-Protein Interactions (1998)

Incorporation of an unnatural amino acid containing a photolabile group in the side chain allows specific interactions between two proteins to be prevented. The photocaged ras protein in which Asp 38 has been substituted by its β-nitrobenzyl ester (Nb) is unable to interact with its effector protein p120-GAP (see drawing below) although it has the same intrinsic GTPase activity. After photocleavage of the Nb group, 50% of the p120-GAP-dependent GTPase activity relative to the wild-type protein is restored.
Antiadhesion Therapy for Urinary Tract Infections—A Balanced PK/PD Profile Proved To Be Key for Success (2012)

The initial step for the successful establishment of urinary tract infections (UTIs), predominantly caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli, is the adhesion of bacteria to urothelial cells. This attachment is mediated by FimH, a mannose-binding adhesin, which is expressed on the bacterial surface. To date, UTIs are mainly treated with antibiotics, leading to the ubiquitous problem of increasing resistance against most of the currently available antimicrobials. Therefore, new treatment strategies are urgently needed, avoiding selection pressure and thereby implying a reduced risk of resistance. Here, we present a new class of highly active antimicrobials, targeting the virulence factor FimH. When the most potent representative, an indolinylphenyl mannoside, was administered in a mouse model at the low dosage of 1 mg/kg (corresponding to approximately 25 μg/mouse), the minimal therapeutic concentration to prevent UTI was maintained for more than 8 h. In a treatment study, the colony-forming units in the bladder could be reduced by almost 4 orders of magnitude, comparable to the standard antibiotic treatment with ciprofloxacin (8 mg/kg, sc).
Self‐Assembled Photonic Structures (2010)

Photonic crystals have proven their potential and are nowadays a familiar concept. They have been approached from many scientific and technological flanks. Among the many techniques devised to implement this technology self-assembly has always been one of great popularity surely due to its ease of access and the richness of results offered. Self-assembly is also probably the approach entailing more materials aspects owing to the fact that they lend themselves to be fabricated by a great many, very different methods on a vast variety of materials and to multiple purposes. To these well-known material systems a new sibling has been born (photonic glass) expanding the paradigm of optical materials inspired by solid state physics crystal concept. It is expected that they may become an important player in the near future not only because they complement the properties of photonic crystals but because they entice the researchers' curiosity. In this review a panorama is presented of the state of the art in this field with the view to serve a broad community concerned with materials aspects of photonic structures and more so those interested in self-assembly.
Slow and steady is the key to β‐cell replication (2008)

The beta-cells of the pancreas are responsible for insulin production and their destruction results in type I diabetes. beta-cell maintenance, growth and regenerative repair is thought to occur predominately, if not exclusively, through the replication of existing beta-cells, not via an adult stem cell. It was recently found that all beta-cells contribute equally to islet growth and maintenance. The fact that all beta-cells replicate homogeneously makes it possible to set up straightforward screens for factors that increase beta-cell replication either In vitro or in vivo. It is possible that a circulating factor may be capable of increasing beta-cell replication or that intrinsic cell cycle regulators may affect beta-cell growth. An improved understanding of the in vivo maintenance and growth of beta-cells will facilitate efforts to expand beta-cells In vitro and may lead to new treatments for diabetes.
Plasticity of vagal brainstem circuits in the control of gastric function (2010)

Here, we review the available evidence suggesting that vagal efferent output to the GI tract is regulated, perhaps even controlled, in an 'on-demand' and efficient manner in response to ever-changing homeostatic conditions. The focus of this review is on the plasticity induced by variations in the levels of second messengers in the brainstem neurons that form vago-vagal reflex circuits. Emphasis is placed upon the modulation of GABAergic transmission to DMV neurons and the modulation of afferent input from the GI tract by neurohormones/neurotransmitters and macronutrients. Derangement of this 'on-demand' organization of brainstem vagal circuits may be one of the factors underlying the pathophysiological changes observed in functional dyspepsia or hyperglycemic gastroparesis.
Unlocking the opportunity of tight glycaemic control (2005)

The attainment and maintenance of good glycaemic control in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are major challenges. The main (perceived) barriers of therapy are poor compliance with prescribed medication, hypoglycaemia, fear of insulin injection and fear of self-testing by finger pricking. Another major issue is the acceptance and uptake of new insulin-delivery systems and routes of administration. Insulin therapy regimens and insulin preparations are nowadays often chosen because of the ease of delivery. The use of inhaled insulin may, because of the relative ease of administration, facilitate the transfer of type 2 diabetes patients from tablets to insulin, especially in patients with fear or phobia of needles. However, non-injectable insulin will not automatically be preferred to subcutaneous (SC) insulin injections and a proper assessment of patient acceptance and preference is of great importance. Recent studies suggest that patients may prefer inhaled insulin (Exubera) over SC insulin. Thus, the availability of inhaled insulin as a potential treatment may increase a patient's willingness to add or change to more appropriate diabetes therapy, which includes insulin. Future studies should be targeted at specific groups of patients who may benefit the most from inhaled insulin, such as those with type 2 diabetes who are delaying initiation or intensification of insulin injections.
Towards jointly optimal spatial prediction and adaptive transform in video/image coding (2010)

This paper proposes a new approach to combined spatial (Intra) prediction and adaptive transform coding in block-based video and image compression. Context-adaptive spatial prediction from available, previously decoded boundaries of the block, is followed by optimal transform coding of the prediction residual. The derivation of both the prediction and the adaptive transform for the prediction error, assumes a separable first-order Gauss-Markov model for the image signal. The resulting optimal transform is shown to be a close relative of the sine transform with phase and frequencies such that basis vectors tend to vanish at known boundaries and maximize energy at unknown boundaries. The overall scheme switches between the above sine-like transform and discrete cosine transform (per direction, horizontal or vertical) depending on the prediction and boundary information. It is implemented within the H.264/AVC intra mode, is shown in experiments to significantly outperform the standard intra mode, and achieve significant reduction of the blocking effect.
Videotex information system and credit system connecting with MARS-301 of JNR (1985)

Le systeme de gestion electronique de vente de billets voyageurs, le MARS 301, a ete deja presente. En le reliant a un systeme d'information videotex et un systeme de credit, les JNR ont commence a offrir a leur clientele un systeme de reservation des places par videotex et un systeme de vente a credit d'articles de voyage
Immunologic response to influenza virus neuraminidase is influenced by prior experience with the associated viral hemagglutinin. II. Sequential infection of mice simulates human experience. (1987)

In man, vaccination with neuraminidase (NA) in H7N2 virus hybrids elicits greater anti-NA response than does N2 NA in H3N2 conventional vaccine, presumably because humans are H3 hemagglutinin (HA) primed and anti-H3 anamnestic response depresses concomitant N2 responses by antigenic competition. In a laboratory model, BALB/c mice were primed by different schedules of infection with H3N1, H3N2, and H3N7 viruses and given H3N2 and H7N2 vaccines equivalent in NA immunogenicity. In schedules using sequential infections, but not after a single infection with any virus, anti-N2 booster response was fourfold greater with H7N2 vaccine and was reciprocal to the magnitude of anti-H3 response. Thus, HA-influenced suppression of immunologic response to viral NA requires adequate HA priming but is not unique to man and can be studied in the murine model. An incidental finding of this study was the sharing of cross-reactive determinants by N1, N2, and N7 NA.
PD-1 and BTLA and CD8+T-cell “exhaustion” in cancer (2012)

The elevated expression of PD-1, BTLA, and other co-inhibitory molecules on T cells from cancer patients has become an accepted signature for a state called T-cell "exhaustion" that has emerged almost as dogma in the field. However, here we propose that in some cases this "exhausted" T-cell phenotype may instead be an indicator of T cells that are in a more heightened state of T-cell activation more susceptible to negative regulation rather than being "exhausted." This alternative interpretation fits in line with the view that CD8(+) T-cell activation in cancer results from a continuum of signals regulating their differentiation towards potent effector cells.
Performance Evaluation of Kits for Bisulfite-Conversion of DNA from Tissues, Cell Lines, FFPE Tissues, Aspirates, Lavages, Effusions, Plasma, Serum, and Urine (2014)

DNA methylation analyses usually require a preceding bisulfite conversion of the DNA. The choice of an appropriate kit for a specific application should be based on the specific performance requirements with regard to the respective sample material. In this study, the performance of nine kits was evaluated: EpiTect Fast FFPE Bisulfite Kit, EpiTect Bisulfite Kit, EpiTect Fast DNA Bisulfite Kit (Qiagen), EZ DNA Methylation-Gold Kit, EZ DNA Methylation-Direct Kit, EZ DNA Methylation-Lightning Kit (Zymo Research), innuCONVERT Bisulfite All-In-One Kit, innuCONVERT Bisulfite Basic Kit, innuCONVERT Bisulfite Body Fluids Kit (Analytik Jena). The kit performance was compared with regard to DNA yield, DNA degradation, DNA purity, conversion efficiency, stability and handling using qPCR, UV, clone sequencing, HPLC, and agarose gel electrophoresis. All kits yielded highly pure DNA suitable for PCR analyses without PCR inhibition. Significantly higher yields were obtained when using the EZ DNA Methylation-Gold Kit and the innuCONVERT Bisulfite kits. Conversion efficiency ranged from 98.7% (EpiTect Bisulfite Kit) to 99.9% (EZ DNA Methylation-Direct Kit). The inappropriate conversion of methylated cytosines to thymines varied between 0.9% (innuCONVERT Bisulfite kits) and 2.7% (EZ DNA Methylation-Direct Kit). Time-to-result ranged from 131 min (innuCONVERT kits) to 402 min (EpiTect Bisulfite Kit). Hands-on-time was between 66 min (EZ DNA Methylation-Lightning Kit) and 104 min (EpiTect Fast FFPE and Fast DNA Bisulfite kits). Highest yields from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections without prior extraction were obtained using the innuCONVERT Bisulfite All-In-One Kit while the EZ DNA Methylation-Direct Kit yielded DNA with only low PCR-amplifiability. The innuCONVERT Bisulfite All-In-One Kit exhibited the highest versatility regarding different input sample materials (extracted DNA, tissue, FFPE tissue, cell lines, urine sediment, and cellular fractions of bronchial aspirates, pleural effusions, ascites). The innuCONVERT Bisulfite Body Fluids Kit allowed for the analysis of 3 ml plasma, serum, ascites, pleural effusions and urine.
Hepatitis C Virus Replication Is Modulated by the Interaction of Nonstructural Protein NS5B and Fatty Acid Synthase (2013)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) that acts as a key player in the HCV replication complex. Understanding the interplay between the viral and cellular components of the HCV replication complex could provide new insight for prevention of the progression of HCV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, the NS5B protein was used as the bait in a pulldown assay to screen for NS5B-interacting proteins that are present in Huh7 hepatoma cell lysates. After mass spectrophotometric analysis, fatty acid synthase (FASN) was found to interact with NS5B. Coimmunoprecipitation and double staining assays further confirmed the direct binding between NS5B and FASN. The domain of NS5B that interacts with FASN was also determined. Moreover, FASN was associated with detergent-resistant lipid rafts and colocalized with NS5B in active HCV replication complexes. In addition, overexpression of FASN enhanced HCV expression in Huh7/Rep-Feo cells, while transfection of FASN small interfering RNA (siRNA) or treatment with FASN-specific inhibitors decreased HCV replication and viral production. Notably, FASN directly increased HCV NS5B RdRp activity in vitro. These results together indicate that FASN interacts with NS5B and modulates HCV replication through a direct increase of NS5B RdRp activity. FASN may thereby serve as a target for the treatment of HCV infection and the prevention of HCV-associated HCC progression.
Shorter Notices (1992)

Shorter Notices Get access A. J. RYDER A. J. RYDER London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume CVII, Issue 423, April 1992, Pages 525-b–526, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/CVII.423.525-b Published: 01 April 1992
The Effect of Spirituality on Health Behavior and Well-Being of College Students' Coping in Response to Stressful Situations (2012)

The purpose-of this study was to further clarify and examine gender differences and spirituality levels on health favoring behaviors, overall well-being, and life satisfaction in a college student population. The sample consisted of 127 Framingham State University students, with a relatively even number of men and women. Each read either a positive or negative scenario depicting hypothetical friends facing stressful situations and rated anticipated coping responses. Participants also completed self-report questionnaires on coping optimism, self- actualization, health locus of control, life satisfaction, and spirituality, as well as demographic items. Results showed that participants with high spirituality reported high levels of optimism and control of their health, and the amount of exercise in one week Further, there was a gender and spirituality difference in recommendations for the use of positive cognitive and positive social coping in both negative and positive scenarios.
Desmin forms toxic, seeding-competent amyloid aggregates that persist in muscle fibers (2019)

Desmin-associated myofibrillar myopathy (MFM) has pathologic similarities to neurodegeneration-associated protein aggregate diseases. Desmin is an abundant muscle-specific intermediate filament, and disease mutations lead to its aggregation in cells, animals, and patients. We reasoned that similar to neurodegeneration-associated proteins, desmin itself may form amyloid. Desmin peptides corresponding to putative amyloidogenic regions formed seeding-competent amyloid fibrils. Amyloid formation was increased when disease-associated mutations were made within the peptide, and this conversion was inhibited by the anti-amyloid compound epigallocatechin-gallate. Moreover, a purified desmin fragment (aa 117 to 348) containing both amyloidogenic regions formed amyloid fibrils under physiologic conditions. Desmin fragment-derived amyloid coaggregated with full-length desmin and was able to template its conversion into fibrils in vitro. Desmin amyloids were cytotoxic to myotubes and disrupted their myofibril organization compared with desmin monomer or other nondesmin amyloids. Finally, desmin fragment amyloid persisted when introduced into mouse skeletal muscle. These data suggest that desmin forms seeding-competent amyloid that is toxic to myofibers. Moreover, small molecules known to interfere with amyloid formation and propagation may have therapeutic potential in MFM.