gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parkinson's Disease: Assays for the Ubiquitin Ligase Activity of Neural Parkin (2005)

The identification of monogenic variants of Parkinson's disease (PD) has provided novel insights into its unknown pathogenesis. As the first protein linked to autosomal-recessive forms of PD, Parkin became a welcome tool to explain biochemical and neuropathological observations that had suggested involvement of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in PD. Based on cellular expression studies and biochemical in vitro experiments, several researchers ascribed an E3-type, E2-dependent ubiquitin protein ligase activity to wild-type (but not mutant) Parkin proteins. Although the individual components of the proposed Parkin ubiquitin ligase complex in the normal human brain remain to be identified and the E3 ligase effect of Parkin function has not yet been confirmed in an animal model, the scientific exploration of a protein with several links to the UPS has provided many leads in PD research. This chapter describes assays that the authors have used to examine the cellular and in vitro effects of neural Parkin.
Production Data Analysis: Unraveling Rock Properties and Completion Parameters (2011)

Abstract The measurements available to estimate reservoir parameters are numerous, yet most wells are completed in various shales without traditional log measurements. Horizontal wells continue to be drilled, and while the number of stimulation stages pumped per lateral length continues to increase, many questions remain: Is there an increase in production commensurate to the added cost, or will it soon become unsustainable? Would better characterization of the effective surface area after hydraulic fracture stimulation help explain the reservoir potential? Analysis of production data from fractured shale gas wells is difficult. Operators try to estimate fracture and reservoir properties for a horizontal well with multiple hydraulic fractures by using pressure transient testing, even though in reality it could take 10,000 years for the actual reservoir pressure to be measured. Alternatively, others model the production of fractured shale gas reservoirs from a zone-altered permeability area, which may be quite limited in areal extent but is surrounded by a low-matrix-permeability reservoir to account for the well productivity. Ultimately a simplistic reservoir model for production forecasting uses whatever data is available and our basin experience. How do we validate these models? Traditionally we look at case studies to find an analogous situation to validate and identify the dominate production drivers. Existing approaches to model shales require years of production data, and even then they cannot uncouple reservoir properties from completion parameters to help optimize flow efficiency. When production is measured on a stage-by-stage basis, and laboratory and log analysis data are presented for reservoir and fluid characterization, solving for the created effective surface area should be straightforward. By better characterizing along the wellbore and by discriminating the contributions of RQ and CQ to the reservoir production, we will be able to better predict long-term well production and better understand the reservoir potential. This paper discusses the current status of production prediction for shale gas reservoirs and provides a vision of possibilities for better interpretation, i.e these production models must go hand-in-hand with hydraulic fracture models to determine the crucial parameters that drive production, thus fully optimize well and field production.
New Ultrahigh Affinity Host−Guest Complexes of Cucurbit[7]uril with Bicyclo[2.2.2]octane and Adamantane Guests: Thermodynamic Analysis and Evaluation of M2 Affinity Calculations (2011)

A dicationic ferrocene derivative has previously been shown to bind cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) in water with ultrahigh affinity (ΔG(o) = -21 kcal/mol). Here, we describe new compounds that bind aqueous CB[7] equally well, validating our prior suggestion that they, too, would be ultrahigh affinity CB[7] guests. The present guests, which are based upon either a bicyclo[2.2.2]octane or adamantane core, have no metal atoms, so these results also confirm that the remarkably high affinities of the ferrocene-based guest need not be attributed to metal-specific interactions. Because we used the M2 method to compute the affinities of several of the new host-guest systems prior to synthesizing them, the present results also provide for the first blinded evaluation of this computational method. The blinded calculations agree reasonably well with experiment and successfully reproduce the observation that the new adamantane-based guests achieve extremely high affinities, despite the fact that they position a cationic substituent at only one electronegative portal of the CB[7] host. However, there are also significant deviations from experiment, and these lead to the correction of a procedural error and an instructive evaluation of the sensitivity of the calculations to physically reasonable variations in molecular energy parameters. The new experimental and computational results presented here bear on the physical mechanisms of molecular recognition, the accuracy of the M2 method, and the usefulness of host-guest systems as test-beds for computational methods.
Creating lightweight ontologies for dataset description practical applications in a cross-domain research data management workflow (2014)

The description of data is a central task in research data management. Describing datasets requires deep knowledge of both the data and the data creation process to ensure adequate capture of their meaning and context. Metadata schemas are usually followed in resource description to enforce comprehensiveness and interoperability, but they can be hard to understand and adopt by researchers. We propose to address data description using ontologies, which can evolve easily, express semantics at different granularity levels and be directly used in system development. Considering that existing ontologies are often hard to use in a crossdomain research data management environment, we present an approach for creating lightweight ontologies to describe research data. We illustrate our process with two ontologies, and then use them as configuration parameters for Dendro, a software platform for research data management currently being developed at the University of Porto.
Herstellung, Verträglichkeit und Virussicherheit von intravenösem Immunglobulin (2001)

Die mehr als hundertjährige Geschichte der klinischen Anwendung von Immunglobulinen fangt mit der antitoxischen Wirkung von tierischen Immunseren an. In der Entwicklung hin zu einem nebenwirkungsarmen und biologisch hoch wirksamen intravenösen Immunglobulinpräparat (IVIg) zieht sich wie ein roter Faden die Inkubation bei tiefem pH in Gegenwart oder Abwesenheit von proteolytischen Enzymen. Die technische Entwicklung ging Hand in Hand mit den klinischen Bedürfnissen und Indikationsfindungen. Letztere haben seit den frühen 80er Jahren eine ungeahnte Ausweitung auf das Gebiet der Immunmodulation erfahren. Der Wunsch nach einer immer effektiveren Immunmodulation und die damit verbundene Verabreichung immer höherer Dosen haben die Probleme von Nebenreaktionen verschärft. Offenbar werden mit den hohen Dosen die Grenzen der Biologie erreicht: Die an die erwünschte Immunmodulation gekoppelte Alloreaktivität der IVIg wirkt sich auf den Organismus aus. Die Frage der Virussicherheit von IVIg ist seit den frühen 80er Jahren von Anwendern und Behörden immer nachhaltiger gestellt worden. Heute sind die Grundsteine von sicheren Blut- und Plasmaprodukten „gute Herstellungspraxis“ und „gute Laborpraxis“. Einer der Eckpfeiler der „guten Herstellungspraxis“ ist die Validierung von Herstellungsverfahren und Analysemethoden. Aufwendige, nach strengen Kriterien durchgeführte und dokumentierte Validierungsstudien zur Virusinaktivierung und Viruselimination sind Voraussetzung für die Zulassung neuer oder die Fortführung der Zulassimg etablierter IVIg. Von den Behörden gewünscht sind 2 für die Virusinaktivierung/Virusabreicherung nachweisbar wirksame Herstellungsschritte, die sich ergänzen. Methoden, die die Virussicherheit von IVIg garantieren sollen, und die Resultate von Validierungsstudien werden an Beispielen erläutert. IVIg, die heute unter strenger Einhaltung der „guten Herstellungspraxis“ produziert werden, gelten betreffend Virusübertragung als weitgehend sicher. Schließlich weisen auch Modellstudien zur Abreicherung von Prionen auf die Sicherheit von IVIg.
High-Throughput Metagenomic Technologies for Complex Microbial Community Analysis: Open and Closed Formats (2015)

Understanding the structure, functions, activities and dynamics of microbial communities in natural environments is one of the grand challenges of 21st century science. To address this challenge, over the past decade, numerous technologies have been developed for interrogating microbial communities, of which some are amenable to exploratory work (e.g., high-throughput sequencing and phenotypic screening) and others depend on reference genes or genomes (e.g., phylogenetic and functional gene arrays). Here, we provide a critical review and synthesis of the most commonly applied "open-format" and "closed-format" detection technologies. We discuss their characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages within the context of environmental applications and focus on analysis of complex microbial systems, such as those in soils, in which diversity is high and reference genomes are few. In addition, we discuss crucial issues and considerations associated with applying complementary high-throughput molecular technologies to address important ecological questions.
Interface Mixing in Fe/LiF Multilayered Thin Film (1992)

Multilayered thin films of iron and lithium fluoride (LiF) were prepared using ultrahigh-vacuum deposition with two independently controlled E-guns as heat sources. Mössbauer spectra corresponding to metallic Fe atoms and Fe 3+ ions were observed in these films. The magnetization curve at 4.2 K was shifted with a magnetic field cooling from room temperature where absolute values of Hc's for + magnetic field and - magnetic field were different. This suggests that exchange anisotropy due to magnetic exchange coupling between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic parts exists in the film.
Heterologous Expression of BetL, a Betaine Uptake System, Enhances the Stress Tolerance ofLactobacillus salivariusUCC118 (2006)

Given the increasing commercial and clinical relevance of probiotic cultures, improving the technological robustness of what are often process-sensitive cultures is an important biological goal. The nisin-controlled expression system was used to direct the heterologous expression of the listerial betaine uptake system BetL in the probiotic strain Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118. Following nisin induction, strains expressing betL exhibited a significant increase in resistance to several stresses, including elevated osmo-, cryo-, baro-, and chill tolerance, as well as increased resistance to spray- and freeze-drying. The ability to confer additional stress tolerance on a probiotic culture may be an important step in delivering viable cultures for maximal efficacy.
The influence of the pineal gland on Migraine and cluster headaches and Effects of treatment with picotesla Magnetic fields (1992)

For over half a century the generally accepted views on the pathogenesis of migraine were based on the theories of Harold Wolff implicating changes in cerebral vascular tone in the development of migraine. Recent studies, which are based on Leao's concept of spreading depression, favor primary neuronal injury with secondary involvement of the cerebral circulation. In contrast to migraine, the pathogenesis of cluster headache (CH) remains entirely elusive. Both migraine and CH are cyclical disorders which are characterised by spontaneous exacerbations and remissions, seasonal variability of symptoms, and a relationship to a variety of environmental trigger factors. CH in particular has a strong circadian and seasonal regularity. It is now well established that the pineal gland is an adaptive organ which maintains and regulates cerebral homeostasis by "fine tuning" biological rhythms through the mediation of melatonin. Since migraine and CH reflect abnormal adaptive responses to environmental influences resulting in heightened neurovascular reactivity, I propose that the pineal gland is a critical mediator in their pathogenesis. This novel hypothesis provides a framework for future research and development of new therapeutic modalities for these chronic headache syndromes. The successful treatment of a patient with an acute migraine attack with external magnetic fields, which acutely inhibit melatonin secretion in animals and humans, attests to the importance of the pineal gland in the pathogenesis of migraine headache.
Immunotherapy of Cancer Using Systemically Delivered Gene-Modified Human T Lymphocytes (2004)

The use of gene-engineered T cells expressing chimeric single-chain (scFv) receptors capable of codelivering CD28 costimulation and T cell receptor zeta chain (TCR-zeta) activation signals has emerged as a promising treatment regimen for cancer. Using retroviral transduction, primary human T lymphocytes were gene-engineered to express the scFv-CD28-zeta chimeric receptor reactive with the ErbB2 tumor-associated antigen. We demonstrated the ability of these gene-engineered human T cells to produce high levels of cytokines, proliferate vigorously, and mediate lysis of ErbB2(+) tumors in an antigen-specific manner. Furthermore, such gene-engineered human T cells significantly delayed the growth of two distinct subcutaneous ErbB2(+) human tumors in irradiated nonobese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficient (NOD-SCID) mice after systemic administration. These preclinical studies are an important proof of principle that human T cells may be genetically redirected to tumors in cancer patients.
Extreme ultraviolet lithography: overview and development status (2005)

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography has emerged as the most likely successor to 193-nm lithography. We provide a technical overview of EUV lithography and a discussion of the advantages of EUV lithography over alternative technologies. The key challenges in developing EUV exposure tools for high-volume production are discussed. A brief assessment is given of the cost of ownership of EUV lithography in comparison with 193-nm immersion lithography.
Construction and Evaluation of an Instrument for the Automated Synthesis of Oligodeoxyribonucleotides (1984)

The details for constructing an easily used and maintained laboratory instrument capable of routine oligodeoxyribonucleotide synthesis are presented. The synthesizer consists of relatively inexpensive, commercially available components and is controlled by an Apple IIe computer. Since reagents are distributed from pressurized reservoirs through a liquid manifold by opening solenoid-activated valves, no pump is required. More than 600 oligomers containing up to 122 bases have been produced with a condensation cycle time of approximately 15 min with apparent coupling yields of 98.5%. A unique bidirectional flow reactor and controlled reagent distribution system provide for rapid mass transfer during solvent and reactant equilibrations and for long-term stability of reagent solutions. Aspects of the system should also find use in other solid-phase synthetic and analytical strategies.
Monitoring octanoic and decanoic acids in plasma from children with intractable epilepsy treated with medium-chain triglyceride diet. (1982)

We describe a procedure for gas-chromatographic determination of n-octanoic and n-decanoic acids in 100 microL of plasma from children with intractable epilepsy treated with medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) diet. With n-nonanoic acid as the internal standard, the extraction efficiencies for octanoic and decanoic acids were 98 and 105%, respectively. Within-run CVs for octanoic acid at 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 micrograms/0.1 mL were 8.8, 7.9, 8.5, 6.5, 4.3, and 5.7%, respectively. For decanoic acid at identical concentrations, the CVs were 10.0, 7.4, 4.9, 4.0, 2.6, and 3.5%, respectively. For 10 children on MCT diet (45.9% of calories supplied as MCT) the mean concentrations of octanoic and decanoic acids were 44.2 and 27.0 mg/L, respectively. Presence of relatively "high" quantities of these acids in plasma may contribute to seizure control when MCT diet is prescribed for intractable childhood epilepsy.
ChemInform Abstract: SOME REACTIONS OF 4‐CHLOROQUINAZOLINE, 6‐NITRO‐ AND 6‐AMINO‐4(3H)‐QUINAZOLONES (1982)

Abstract Zahlreiche Umsetzungen des Chlorchinazolins (I) und der Chinazolone (V) werden beschrieben.
Policy-based validation of SAN configuration (2004)

Historically, storage has been directly connected to servers for fast local access and easy configuration. In recent years, storage area networks (SANs) have defined an alternative storage paradigm that allows storage to be shared among servers using fast interconnects. One of the key challenges of SAN management is the large number of configuration problems that are encountered in a typical SAN deployment. These configuration problems can be addressed by SAN management software. However, hard-coding the SAN configuration rules into the management software is not a viable option since it is not possible to easily modify or replace old configuration rules and specify new policies and guidelines. In this paper, we propose a novel policy-based SAN configuration validation system that can be used to specify, store, and evaluate configuration policies for SANs. We also introduce five new operators for collection policies that are useful for evaluating a wide variety of practical SAN configuration policies found in practice. The policy-based SAN configuration checking approach proposed in this paper is discussed within the context of device interoperability constraints. However, this approach is extensible as it can also be used to enforce performance, reliability, and security-related configuration constraints.
Activation of the I-394 Laboratory for ITS Operational Testing: Phase I (1998)

This and other related research have two primary objectives:&#13;\n1. To develop practical operational tools which can be deployed for use in traffic-management and transportationsplanning&#13;\nactivities.&#13;\n2. To develop a laboratory infrastructure which will facilitate future advances in traffic modeling and other ITS&#13;\ninitiatives.&#13;\nThe objectives of this particular research project are as follows:&#13;\n* A thorough examination and documentation of the 1-394 system's specifications.&#13;\n* Diagnosis of the working condition of the 1-394 system.&#13;\n* Negotiation and implementation of a repair plan&#13;\n* Establishing a communications connection between the ITS Lab and the Traffic Management Center (TMC).&#13;\n* Activation of the 1-394 Lab, which will include a user's guide that describes the steps a user should take to access&#13;\nvideo, make a connection to the TMC and the 1-394 system, and configure the system for traffic detection and&#13;\ndata collection.&#13;\nA completed 1-394 Lab would be a unique and valuable tool for obtaining information that loop-detectors have been&#13;\nunable to supply. This information includes flow dynamics, incident behavior, capacity, and other traffic-flow&#13;\ncharacteristics. This information is vital for fine tuning operational tools and schemes to be deployed in a future&#13;\nTMC, and will also provide an information foundation for future research and development.
Total Synthesis of Epicoccin G (2011)

An expedient enantioselective total synthesis of epicoccin G and related dithiodiketopiperazines through a strategy featuring direct two-directional sulfenylation, photooxygenation, and Kornblum-DeLaMare rearrangement is described.
Nocturnal haemodialysis is associated with improved vascular smooth muscle cell biology (2009)

We demonstrate that NHD is associated with restoration of abnormal VSMC biology in ESRD. Given the increasing importance of VSMCs in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and medial calcification, these data may have important implications for vascular risk in ESRD patients.
Annual banned‐substance review: analytical approaches in human sports drug testing (2012)

International anti-doping efforts are harmonized and regulated under the umbrella of the World Anti-Doping Code and the corresponding Prohibited List, issued annually by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). The necessity for a frequent and timely update of the Prohibited List (as the result of a comprehensive consultation process and subsequent consensual agreement by expert panels regarding substances and methods of performance manipulation in sports) is due to the constantly growing market of emerging therapeutics and thus new options for cheating athletes to illicitly enhance performance. In addition, 'tailor-made' substances arguably designed to undermine sports drug testing procedures are considered and the potential of established drugs to represent a doping substance is revisited in light of recently generated information. The purpose of the annual banned substance review is to support doping controls by reporting emerging and advancing methods dedicated to the detection of known and recently outlawed substances. This review surveys new and/or enhanced procedures and techniques of doping analysis together with information relevant to doping controls that has been published in the literature between October 2010 and September 2011.
Micro-optical artificial compound eyes (2006)

Natural compound eyes combine small eye volumes with a large field of view at the cost of comparatively low spatial resolution. For small invertebrates such as flies or moths, compound eyes are the perfectly adapted solution to obtaining sufficient visual information about their environment without overloading their brains with the necessary image processing. However, to date little effort has been made to adopt this principle in optics. Classical imaging always had its archetype in natural single aperture eyes which, for example, human vision is based on. But a high-resolution image is not always required. Often the focus is on very compact, robust and cheap vision systems. The main question is consequently: what is the better approach for extremely miniaturized imaging systems-just scaling of classical lens designs or being inspired by alternative imaging principles evolved by nature in the case of small insects? In this paper, it is shown that such optical systems can be achieved using state-of-the-art micro-optics technology. This enables the generation of highly precise and uniform microlens arrays and their accurate alignment to the subsequent optics-, spacing- and optoelectronics structures. The results are thin, simple and monolithic imaging devices with a high accuracy of photolithography. Two different artificial compound eye concepts for compact vision systems have been investigated in detail: the artificial apposition compound eye and the cluster eye. Novel optical design methods and characterization tools were developed to allow the layout and experimental testing of the planar micro-optical imaging systems, which were fabricated for the first time by micro-optics technology. The artificial apposition compound eye can be considered as a simple imaging optical sensor while the cluster eye is capable of becoming a valid alternative to classical bulk objectives but is much more complex than the first system.
A Computerized Phonetics Instructor: BABEL (1989)

Babel is an expert system able to animate (graphically) and reproduce (acoustically) a text in any language which uses the Latin alphabet. This system has been developed to aid language learners and to help instructors leach the fine nuances of phonemes. Each phoneme has a unique sound and thus requires a precise positioning of the vocal organs which are displayed on the screen in two different projections: a front view and a profile cross view of a human face in synchronization with the output sounds of the speech synthesizer.