gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Medulloblastomas Expressing IL13Rα2 are Targets for IL13-zetakine+ Cytolytic T Cells (2007)

Central nervous system loco-regional disease relapse is a common etiology of treatment failure for medulloblastoma (MB)/primitive neuroectodermal tumors. Therapeutic targeting of primary disease and the adjacent craniospinal cerebral spinal fluid pathways should decrease relapse rates and allow for the curtailed use of radiation therapy. The adoptive transfer of tumor-specific cytolytic T cells (CTLs) to the tumor bed and cerebral spinal fluid is an attractive strategy, but limited in its clinical application owing to the paucity of defined antigens consistently expressed by these tumors and their potential to escape T-cell recognition by expressing low level surface human leukocyte antigen. Here, we describe the human leukocyte antigen-independent recognition of MB cell-surface IL13Rα2 by genetically modified CTLs expressing an IL13-zetakine chimeric immunoreceptor. We found that IL13-zetakine+ CTLs exhibit potent cytolytic activity toward IL13Rα2+ Daoy cells, and are activated to secrete proinflammatory cytokines such as interferon-γ. By employing an orthotopic NOD-scid murine model in which intraventricularly seeded Daoy cells form tumors on leptomeningeal surfaces, regression of established ffLuc+ Daoy xenografts in response to intraventricularly delivered IL13-zetakine+ CD8+ CTLs was observed using biophotonic imaging. These studies support the rationale for exploring the clinical utility of targeted immunotherapy using adoptively transferred IL13-zetakine redirected CTLs as a therapeutic component for treating IL13Rα2+ MB/primitive neuroectodermal tumors.
Ploidy and Large-Scale Genomic Instability Consistently Identify Basal-like Breast Carcinomas with BRCA1/2 Inactivation (2012)

BRCA1 inactivation is a frequent event in basal-like breast carcinomas (BLC). However, BRCA1 can be inactivated by multiple mechanisms and determining its status is not a trivial issue. As an alternate approach, we profiled 65 BLC cases using single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays to define a signature of BRCA1-associated genomic instability. Large-scale state transitions (LST), defined as chromosomal break between adjacent regions of at least 10 Mb, were found to be a robust indicator of BRCA1 status in this setting. Two major ploidy-specific cutoffs in LST distributions were sufficient to distinguish highly rearranged BLCs with 85% of proven BRCA1-inactivated cases from less rearranged BLCs devoid of proven BRCA1-inactivated cases. The genomic signature we defined was validated in a second independent series of 55 primary BLC cases and 17 BLC-derived tumor cell lines. High numbers of LSTs resembling BRCA1-inactivated BLC were observed in 4 primary BLC cases and 2 BLC cell lines that harbored BRCA2 mutations. Overall, the genomic signature we defined predicted BRCA1/2 inactivation in BLCs with 100% sensitivity and 90% specificity (97% accuracy). This assay may ease the challenge of selecting patients for genetic testing or recruitment to clinical trials of novel emerging therapies that target DNA repair deficiencies in cancer.
[Studies on preparation and characteristics of cisplatin chitosan microspheres]. (1996)

In this paper, the preparation, drug content, size and size distribution, appearance and morphology, release characteristics in vitro and degradation characteristics of cisplatin chitosan microspheres (CDDP-DAC-MS) were studied. CDDP-DAC-MS were prepared by emulsion-crosslink technique. The CDDP-DAC-MS was shown to have rough spherical surface under scanning electron microscopy. The average diameter of the microspheres was 74.80 microns and CDDP content was 20.83% +/- 0.36%. CDDP-DAC-MS swelled slightly in saline after 1 h. Within the test period, the release of CDDP from CDDP-DAC-MS in saline solution could be described by first-order equation. The microspheres were sterilized by 60Co radiation. After 28 d of hepatic artery embolization with CDDP-DAC-MS in dogs, pathological photomicrograph showed that CDDP-DAC-MS could still be observed.
Ability of the Tat Basic Domain and VP22 To Mediate Cell Binding, but Not Membrane Translocation of the Diphtheria Toxin A-Fragment (2001)

A number of proteins are able to enter cells from the extracellular environment, including protein toxins, growth factors, viral proteins, homeoproteins, and others. Many such translocating proteins, or parts of them, appear to be able to carry with them cargo into the cell, and a basic sequence from the HIV-1 Tat protein has been reported to provide intracellular delivery of several fused proteins. For evaluating the efficiency of translocation to the cytosol, this TAT-peptide was fused to the diphtheria toxin A-fragment (dtA), an extremely potent inhibitor of protein synthesis which normally is delivered efficiently to the cytosol by the toxin B-fragment. The fusion of the TAT-peptide to dtA converted the protein to a heparin-binding protein that bound avidly to the cell surface. However, no cytotoxicity of this protein was detected, indicating that the TAT-peptide is unable to efficiently deliver enzymatically active dtA to the cytosol. Interestingly, the fused TAT-peptide potentiated the binding and cytotoxic effect of the corresponding holotoxin. We made a fusion protein between VP22, another membrane-permeant protein, and dtA, and also in this case we detected association with cells in the absence of a cytotoxic effect. The data indicate that transport of dtA into the cell by the TAT-peptide and VP22 is inefficient.
Periodate Oxidation of Dextran (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPeriodate Oxidation of DextranAllene Jeanes and C. A. WilhamCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 6, 2655–2657Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01162a086https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01162a086research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1416Altmetric-Citations95LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Walking in a Cube: Novel Metaphors for Safely Navigating Large Virtual Environments in Restricted Real Workspaces (2012)

Immersive spaces such as 4-sided displays with stereo viewing and high-quality tracking provide a very engaging and realistic virtual experience. However, walking is inherently limited by the restricted physical space, both due to the screens (limited translation) and the missing back screen (limited rotation). In this paper, we propose three novel locomotion techniques that have three concurrent goals: keep the user safe from reaching the translational and rotational boundaries; increase the amount of real walking and finally, provide a more enjoyable and ecological interaction paradigm compared to traditional controller-based approaches. We notably introduce the "Virtual Companion", which uses a small bird to guide the user through VEs larger than the physical space. We evaluate the three new techniques through a user study with travel-to-target and path following tasks. The study provides insight into the relative strengths of each new technique for the three aforementioned goals. Specifically, if speed and accuracy are paramount, traditional controller interfaces augmented with our novel warning techniques may be more appropriate; if physical walking is more important, two of our paradigms (extended Magic Barrier Tape and Constrained Wand) should be preferred; last, fun and ecological criteria would favor the Virtual Companion.
High‐resolution 1H‐MRSI of the brain using SPICE: Data acquisition and image reconstruction (2015)

Special data acquisition and reconstruction methods have been developed for high-resolution (1) H-MRSI of the brain using SPICE. Using these methods, SPICE is able to produce spatiospectral distributions of (1) H metabolites in the brain with high spatial resolution, while maintaining a good SNR. These capabilities should prove useful for practical applications of SPICE. Magn Reson Med 76:1059-1070, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Selection and Optimization of Corrosion Inhibitors for Improved Cu CMP and Post-Cu CMP Cleaning (2019)

Corrosion inhibitors play a key role in obtaining global planarization and protecting against corrosion during copper CMP. However, these inhibitors leave organic residues and increase particle contamination after the CMP process, which can directly affect the device yield. Cu CMP is usually performed with a slurry containing silica particles and a BTA corrosion inhibitor. High levels of organic defects and particle contamination are produced due to the high concentration of BTA used to meet CMP requirements. In this work a suitable corrosion inhibitor, 5-methyl-benzotriazole (MBTA), is proposed and used at an optimized concentration to remove organic residues and particle contamination effectively during the post-CMP process. The optimum inhibitor concentration was estimated for BTA and MBTA. Based on etching and EIS studies, it was found that a lower concentration of MBTA (relative to BTA) is needed to provide the conditions required for CMP. The passivation layer formed by MBTA can be removed easily during the post-CMP process. Thus, our results indicate that it is possible to reduce the concentration of the inhibitor while maintaining the same corrosion inhibition efficiency, thereby reducing the particle and organic defect levels.
Malignant breast epithelial cells stimulate aromatase expression via promoter II in human adipose fibroblasts: an epithelial-stromal interaction in breast tumors mediated by CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta. (2001)

Expression of aromatase P450 (P450arom), which catalyzes the formation of estrogens, is aberrantly increased in adipose fibroblasts surrounding breast carcinomas, giving rise to proliferation of malignant cells. Aromatase in human adipose tissue is primarily expressed in undifferentiated fibroblasts under the control of several distinct and alternatively used P450arom promoters. In tumor-free breast adipose tissue, P450arom is usually expressed at low levels via a distal promoter (I.4), whereas in the breast adipose tissue bearing a tumor, P450arom is increased through the activation of two proximal promoters, II and I.3. Because the in vivo activation of P450arom promoter II is a key event responsible for aberrantly high P450arom expression in breast tumors, we studied the molecular basis for the enhancement of P450arom promoter II using human adipose fibroblasts (HAFs) in primary culture treated with T47D breast cancer cell-conditioned medium (TCM) as a model system. Upon treatment with TCM, HAFs displayed a striking induction of P450arom mRNA levels via promoter II usage. This effect appeared to be specific for malignant breast epithelial cells, because conditioned media from breast cancer cell lines T47D and MCF-7 induced promoter II activity, whereas normal breast epithelial cells or liver or prostate cancer cell lines did not produce such an effect. Although treatment with a cyclic AMP analogue also caused a switch in the promoter use from I.4 to II in cultured HAFs, TCM-induced promoter II use was found to be mediated via a cyclic AMP-independent pathway. Use of serial deletion mutants of the promoter II 5'-flanking sequence revealed the presence of critical cis-acting elements in the -517/-278 bp region, which regulate the baseline activity. TCM caused a 5.7-fold induction of the -517-bp promoter II construct, whereas site-directed mutagenesis of a CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) binding site (-317/-304 bp) abolished both baseline and TCM-induced activities. Ectopic expressions of C/EBPalpha and C/EBPbeta, but not C/EBPdelta, significantly induced promoter II activity. Moreover, we demonstrated the presence of both C/EBPbeta and C/EBPdelta but not C/EBPalpha in a DNA-protein complex formed by the nuclear extract from TCM-treated HAFs and a probe containing this critical C/EBP binding element (-317/-304 bp). Finally, treatment of HAFs with TCM strikingly induced C/EBPbeta expression, whereas this did not affect the levels of C/EBPalpha or C/EBPdelta transcripts. In conclusion, malignant breast epithelial cells secrete factors, which induce aromatase expression in adipose fibroblasts via promoter II. This is, at least in part, mediated by a TCM-induced up-regulation and enhanced binding of C/EBPbeta to a promoter II regulatory element.
Cells expressing human glucocerebrosidase from a retroviral vector repopulate macrophages and central nervous system microglia after murine bone marrow transplantation (1994)

Gaucher disease is an inherited lysosomal storage disease in which the loss in functional activity of glucocerebrosidase (GC) results in the storage of its lipid substrate in cells of the macrophage lineage. A gene therapy approach involving retroviral transduction of autologous bone marrow (BM) followed by transplantation has been recently approved for clinical trial. Amelioration of the disease symptoms may depend on the replacement of diseased macrophages with incoming cells expressing human GC; however, the processes of donor cell engraftment and vector gene expression have not been addressed at the cellular level in relevant tissues. Therefore, we undertook a comprehensive immunohistologic study of macrophage and microglia replacement after murine BM transplantation with retrovirus-marked BM. Serial quantitative PCR analyses were employed to provide an overview of the time course of engraftment of vector-marked cells in a panel of tissues. Following reconstitution of hematopoietic tissues with vector-marked donor cells at early stages, GC+ cells began to infiltrate the liver, lung, brain, and spinal cord by 3 months after transplant. Immunohistochemical analyses of PCR+ tissues using the 8E4 monoclonal antibody specific for human GC revealed that macrophages expressing human GC had partially reconstituted the Mac-1+ population in all tissues in a manner characteristic to each tissue type. In the brain, 20% of the total microglia had been replaced with donor cells expressing GC by 3 to 4 months after transplant. The finding that significant numbers of donor cells expressing a retroviral gene product immigrate to the central nervous system suggests that gene therapy for neuronopathic forms of lysosomal storage diseases as well as antiviral gene therapy for AIDS may be feasible.
Mechanisms of Solvent Tolerance in Gram-Negative Bacteria (2002)

Organic solvents can be toxic to microorganisms, depending on the inherent toxicity of the solvent and the intrinsic tolerance of the bacterial species and strains. The toxicity of a given solvent correlates with the logarithm of its partition coefficient in n-octanol and water (log Pow). Organic solvents with a log Pow between 1.5 and 4.0 are extremely toxic for microorganisms and other living cells because they partition preferentially in the cytoplasmic membrane, disorganizing its structure and impairing vital functions. Several possible mechanisms leading to solvent-tolerance in gram-negative bacteria have been proposed: (a) adaptive alterations of the membrane fatty acids and phospholipid headgroup composition, (b) formation of vesicles loaded with toxic compounds, and (c) energy-dependent active efflux pumps belonging to the resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) family, which export toxic organic solvents to the external medium. In these mechanisms, changes in the phospholipid profile and extrusion of the solvents seem to be shared by different strains. The most significant changes in phospholipids are an increase in the melting temperature of the membranes by rapid cis-to-trans isomerization of unsaturated fatty acids and modifications in the phospholipid headgroups. Toluene efflux pumps are involved in solvent tolerance in several gram-negative strains, e.g., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas putida, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The AcrAB-TolC and AcrEF-TolC efflux pumps are important for n-hexane tolerance in E. coli. A number of P. putida strains have been isolated that tolerate toxic hydrocarbons such as toluene, styrene, and p-xylene. At least three efflux pumps (TtgABC, TtgDEF, and TtgGHI) are present in the most extensively characterized solvent-tolerant strain, P. putida DOT-T1E, and the number of efflux pumps has been found to correlate with the degree of solvent tolerance in different P. putida strains. The operation of these efflux pumps seems to be coupled to the proton motive force via the TonB system, although the intimate mechanism of energy transfer remains elusive. Specific and global regulators control the expression of the efflux pump operons of E. coli and P. putida at the transcriptional level.
Treatment of Chemotherapy-Resistant Human Ovarian Cancer Xenografts in C.B-17/SCID Mice by Intraperitoneal Administration of Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin (2005)

Ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in the United States. Although many patients with advanced-stage disease initially respond to standard combinations of surgical and cytotoxic therapy, nearly 90% develop recurrence and inevitably die from the development of chemotherapy-resistant disease. The discovery of novel and effective therapy against chemotherapy-resistant/recurrent ovarian cancer remains a high priority. Using expression profiling, we and others have recently found claudin-3 and claudin-4 genes to be highly expressed in ovarian cancer. Because these tight junction proteins have been described as the low- and high-affinity receptors, respectively, for the cytotoxic Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), in this study we investigated the level of expression of claudin-3 and/or claudin-4 in chemotherapy-naive and chemotherapy-resistant primary human ovarian cancers as well as their sensitivity to CPE treatment in vitro. We report that 100% (17 of 17) of the primary ovarian tumors tested overexpress one or both CPE receptors by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. All ovarian tumors showed a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect to CPE in vitro. Importantly, chemotherapy-resistant/recurrent ovarian tumors were found to express claudin-3 and claudin-4 genes at significantly higher levels when compared with chemotherapy-naive ovarian cancers. All primary ovarian tumors tested, regardless of their resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, died within 24 hours to the exposure to 3.3 microg/mL CPE in vitro. In addition, we have studied the in vivo efficacy of i.p. CPE therapy in SCID mouse xenografts in a highly relevant clinical model of chemotherapy-resistant freshly explanted human ovarian cancer (i.e., OVA-1). Multiple i.p. administration of sublethal doses of CPE every 3 days significantly inhibited tumor growth in 100% of mice harboring 1 week established OVA-1. Repeated i.p. doses of CPE also had a significant inhibitory effect on tumor progression with extended survival of animals harboring large ovarian tumor burdens (i.e., 4-week established OVA-1). Our findings suggest that CPE may have potential as a novel treatment for chemotherapy-resistant/recurrent ovarian cancer.
Oral Immunization with aSalmonella typhimuriumVaccine Vector Expressing Recombinant EnterotoxigenicEscherichia coliK99 Fimbriae Elicits Elevated Antibody Titers for Protective Immunity (1998)

Bovine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) continues to cause mortality in piglets and newborn calves. In an effort to develop a safe and effective vaccine for the prevention of F5(+) ETEC infections, a balanced lethal asd+ plasmid carrying the complete K99 operon was constructed and designated pMAK99-asd+. Introduction of this plasmid into an attenuated Salmonella typhimurium Deltaaro Deltaasd strain, H683, resulted in strain AP112, which stably expresses E. coli K99 fimbriae. A single oral immunization of BALB/c and CD-1 mice with strain AP112 elicited significant mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) titers that remained elevated for >11 weeks. IgA and IgG responses in serum specific for K99 fimbriae were also induced, with a prominent IgG1, as well as IgG2a and IgG2b, titer. To assess the derivation of these antibodies, a K99 isotype-specific B-cell ELISPOT analysis was conducted by using mononuclear cells from the lamina propria of the small intestines (LP), Peyer's patches (PP), and spleens of vaccinated and control BALB/c mice. This analysis revealed elevated numbers of K99 fimbria-specific IgA-producing cells in the LP, PP, and spleen, whereas elevated K99 fimbria-specific IgG-producing cells were detected only in the PP and spleen. These antibodies were important for protective immunity. One-day-old neonates from dams orally immunized with AP112 were provided passive protection against oral challenge with wild-type ETEC, in contrast to challenged neonates from unvaccinated dams or from dams vaccinated with a control Salmonella vector. These results confirm that oral Salmonella vaccine vectors effectively deliver K99 fimbriae to mucosal inductive sites for sustained elevation of IgA and IgG antibodies and for eliciting protective immunity.
QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS OF IRON DEFICIENCY IN HYPOCHROMIC ANEMIA (1932)

these factors. Complications which significantly inhibit blood formation were absent, such as severe sepsis, severe damage to organs, and car- cinoma. Adequate control periods before therapy was instituted were regarded as essential in such a study, and were made in each case.
TUMORS OF THE SHEATHS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM (1932)

In this short space it is possible only to outline certain important conclusions in regard to the histology of the tumors of the sheaths of the nervous system without including the detailed discussion that they deserve. But I may take this opportunity of apologizing to those other students of this subject whose work is not cited here, however conscious I may be of my debt to them. From the point of view of neurology and neurosurgery it is of the utmost importance that one nomenclature be adopted throughout the world, and that the temptation of substituting new terms for old ones be resisted unless the new terms express an important change in the conception of the neoplastic entity involved. I shall deal with the primary tumors of the meninges and nerve sheaths. <h3>TUMORS OF THE MENINGES</h3><h3>1. Meningeal Fibroblastoma (Psammoma, Dural Endothelioma, Meningioma).</h3> —These tumors form a well recognized entity.
A novel member of the serpin superfamily is encoded on a circular plasmid‐like DNA species isolated from rabbit cells (1986)

A novel member of the serpin family of serine protease inhibitors is presented. A plasmid-like DNA was isolated from rabbit cells by its homology to the genome of Shope fibroma virus (SFV), a tumorigenic poxvirus of rabbits, and was shown elsewhere to encode a serpin-like protein [(1986) Mol. Cell. Biol. 6, 265-276]. Although significant DNA homology exists between the rabbit plasmid serpin open reading frame and the SFV terminal inverted repeat DNA there is no intact serpin counterpart encoded by this region of the SFV genome. The alignment of the novel plasmid-borne polypeptide with the serpin family of proteins confirms its status within this group.