gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Macromolecular Domains within the Cell Nucleus (1993)

DNA REPLICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 TRANSCRIPTION AND PRE-mRNA PROCESSING .... . . ) ....... ,.... 279 Localization of Transcriptionally Active Nuclear Regions by [ HJ-Uridine Incorporation or In Situ Nick Translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 Pre-mRNA Splicing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 An Arginine/Serine-Rich Domain Targets Proteins to Nuclear Speckles . . . . . . 284 Effect of RNA Polymerase II Transcription on the Localization of Splicing Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,.... 285 Distribution of hnRNP Proteins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 Localization of Splicing Factors in the Amphibian Germinal Vesicle . . . . . . . . 289 Localization of Splicing Factors in Yeast 290 Distribution of Poly(A)'t RNA . . . . . . ... . . . . ..... . ..... . . . . .... 291 Distribution of Specific Cellular Transcripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 NUCLEOLAR ORGANIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Protein Nanopores with Covalently Attached Molecular Adapters (2007)

Molecular adapters are crucial for the stochastic sensing of organic analytes with alpha-hemolysin (alphaHL) protein nanopores when direct interactions between analytes and the pore cannot readily be arranged by conventional protein engineering. In our earlier studies, cyclodextrin adapters were lodged noncovalently within the lumen of the alphaHL pore. In the present work, we have realized the controlled covalent attachment of a beta-cyclodextrin (betaCD) adapter in the two possible molecular orientations inside alphaHL pores prepared by genetic engineering. There are two advantages to such a covalent system. First, the adapter cannot dissociate, which means there are no gaps during stochastic detection, a crucial advance for single-molecule exonuclease DNA sequencing where the continuous presence of a molecular adapter will be essential for reading individual nucleotides. Second, the ability to orient the adapter allows analytes to bind through only one of the two entrances to the betaCD cavity. We demonstrate that the covalently attached adapters can be used to alter the ion selectivity of the alphaHL pore, examine binding events at elevated temperatures, and detect analytes with prolonged dwell times.
Digital X-Ray Imaging Using Avalanche a-Se Photoconductor (2010)

This work presents the development of a novel detector comprised of an avalanche amorphous selenium (a-Se) photoconductor and an amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) passive pixel sensor for digital X-ray imaging, in particular, for low exposure imaging applications. Electrical compatibility of a high voltage (~1000 V) avalanche a-Se photoconductor with a low voltage (~25 V) a-Si:H pixel sensor is demonstrated. Single pixel readout is done as a proof of concept.
Efficacy of sustained blood levels of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in animal models of arthritis: Comparison of efficacy in animal models with human clinical data (1999)

IL-1 appears to be of major importance in mediating the bone resorption that occurs in rat adjuvant arthritis, but is less important in the pathogenesis of periarticular inflammation in this disease. In contrast, IL-1 is of major importance in mediating all aspects of disease progression in rat collagen-induced arthritis. Similar to the response in adjuvant arthritic rats, RA patients treated with IL-1Ra showed only modest antiinflammatory activity, but had evidence of inhibition of progression of bone resorption. However, a comparison of the plasma levels of IL-1Ra in humans and rats suggests that the optimal level of dosing for continuous saturation of IL-1 receptors may not have been achieved in humans, although this was achieved in the rat studies.
Tumor-targeting nanodelivery enhances the anticancer activity of a novel quinazolinone analogue (2008)

GMC-5-193 (GMC) is a novel anticancer small-molecule quinazolinone analogue with properties that include antimicrotubule activity and inherent fluorescence. The aim of this study was to produce and optimize a systemically administered liposomal formulation for tumor-targeting delivery of GMC to enhance the anticancer effect of this compound and evaluate its bioefficacy. GMC was encapsulated within a cationic liposome, which was decorated on the surface with an anti-transferrin receptor single-chain antibody fragment (TfRscFv) as the tumor-targeting moiety to form a nanoscale complex (scL/GMC). Confocal imaging of fluorescent GMC uptake in a human melanoma cell line, MDA-MB-435, showed higher cellular uptake of GMC when delivered via the liposome complex compared with free GMC. Delivery of GMC by the tumor-targeting liposome nanoimmunocomplex also resulted in a 3- to 4-fold decrease in IC(50) values in human cancer cells [DU145 (prostate) and MDA-MB-435] compared with the effects of GMC administered as free GMC. In addition, the GMC nanoimmunocomplex increased the sensitivity of cancer cells to doxorubicin, docetaxel, or mitoxantrone by approximately 3- to 30-fold. In the MDA435/LCC6 athymic nude mice xenograft lung metastases model, GMC was specifically delivered to tumors by the nanoimmunocomplex. These data show that incorporation of small-molecule therapeutic GMC within the tumor-targeting liposome nanocomplex enhances its anticancer effect.
Summary of the National Toxicology Program Benzidine Dye Initiative (1994)

Daniel L. Morgan, June K. Dunnick, Thomas Goehl, Michael P. Jokinen, H. B. Matthews, Errol Zeiger, John H. Mennear, Summary of the National Toxicology Program Benzidine Dye Initiative, Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 102, Supplement 2 (Jun., 1994), pp. 63-78
Treatment of Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia (Primarily Low Grade) with Imiquimod 5% Cream (2003)

A very low dosing regimen of imiquimod 5% cream appears to be an effective and well-tolerated treatment for VAIN (primarily low grade.).
Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction by Perineal Exercise, Electromyographic Biofeedback, and Electrical Stimulation (2003)

Comparison of the results of the physical therapy protocol reported here with those obtained for other interventions reported in the literature shows that a pelvic-floor muscle program may be a noninvasive alternative for the treatment of patients with erectile dysfunction caused by venous occlusion.
Structural and contractile proteins. Part E. Extracellular matrix. (1987)

Methodes d'etude physiques et immunohistochimiques. Anomalies genetiques de la matrice extracellulaire. Etude biochimique dans l'os, la dentine, le cartilage, les lames basales et les liquides biologiques
Genetic, biochemical, and characterization of neurological mutant 3, a new mouse model for Parkinson's disease. (2003)

We have identified a new mutant mouse that we have named new mouse neurological mutant 3 (NM3); it may be a useful model to understand the underlying molecular and genetic basis of Parkinson's disease (PD). A mouse carrying the NM3 mutation arose spontaneously in an RIIIS/J breeding colony and was identified as having a movement disorder. Upon neurological examination of these mice, their movement was found to be slow and abnormal, with characteristic choreaform and bradykinetic-type movements, typical of PD. The importance of the gene mutation in NM3 in the molecular pathway involved in this pathology is underscored by the fact that these mice do not survive past weaning age if they are homozygous for the genetic mutation. We localized the gene mutation by positional cloning and genetic mapping to mouse chromosome 2 in an area that corresponds to human chromosome 2q24-31, which does not contain any known genes associated with PD. However, there was a significant decrease of 15-20% in the levels of dopamine, and its principal metabolite, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, in the midbrain of affected mice. Low concentrations of these substances are associated with PD in human patients, making these mutant mice candidates for studies of this disease.
Towards flexible solid-state supercapacitors for smart and wearable electronics (2018)

Flexible solid-state supercapacitors (FSSCs) are frontrunners in energy storage device technology and have attracted extensive attention owing to recent significant breakthroughs in modern wearable electronics. In this study, we review the state-of-the-art advancements in FSSCs to provide new insights on mechanisms, emerging electrode materials, flexible gel electrolytes and novel cell designs. The review begins with a brief introduction on the fundamental understanding of charge storage mechanisms based on the structural properties of electrode materials. The next sections briefly summarise the latest progress in flexible electrodes (i.e., freestanding and substrate-supported, including textile, paper, metal foil/wire and polymer-based substrates) and flexible gel electrolytes (i.e., aqueous, organic, ionic liquids and redox-active gels). Subsequently, a comprehensive summary of FSSC cell designs introduces some emerging electrode materials, including MXenes, metal nitrides, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), polyoxometalates (POMs) and black phosphorus. Some potential practical applications, such as the development of piezoelectric, photo-, shape-memory, self-healing, electrochromic and integrated sensor-supercapacitors are also discussed. The final section highlights current challenges and future perspectives on research in this thriving field.
Disruption of hepatitis C virus RNA replication through inhibition of host protein geranylgeranylation (2003)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA replication depends on viral protein association with intracellular membranes, but the influence of membrane composition on viral replication is unclear. We report that HCV RNA replication and assembly of the viral replication complex require geranylgeranylation of one or more host proteins. In cultured hepatoma cells, HCV RNA replication was disrupted by treatment with lovastatin, an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methyglutaryl CoA reductase, or with an inhibitor of protein geranylgeranyl transferase I, each of which induced the dissolution of the HCV replication complex. Viral replication was not affected by treatment of cells with an inhibitor of farnesyl transferase. When added to lovastatin-treated cells, geranylgeraniol, but not farnesol, restored replication complex assembly and viral replication. Inasmuch as the HCV genome does not encode a canonical geranylgeranylated protein, the data suggest the involvement of a geranylgeranylated host protein in HCV replication. Inhibition of its geranylgeranylation affords a therapeutic strategy for treatment of HCV infection.
Análisis, diseño y optimización del funcionamiento de una célula de fabricación flexible experimental (1997)

EN LA TESIS SE MUESTRAN LOS DESARROLLOS CONDUCENTES A LA INTEGRACION Y CONTROL DE UNA CELULA DE FABRICACION FLEXIBLE FORMADA POR DOS MAQUINAS HERRAMIENTA DE CONTROL NUMERICO Y UN ROBOT MANIPULADOR.CON LOS PROGRAMAS DESARROLLADOS PARA SU CONTROL Y GESTION ES POSIBLE EFECTUAR LOS PROCESOS DE FABRICACION CON UNA INTERVENCION MANUAL MINIMA OPERANDO TODO EL CONJUNTO BAJO LA SUPERVISION DE UN ORDENADOR QUE PLANIFICARA Y GESTIONARA LOS PLANTES DE FABRICACION EN LA CELULA.EL TRABAJO DESARROLLADO PRESENTA INTERES DOCENTE E INVESTIGADOR; ORIENTADO A LAS TECNOLOGIAS DE FABRICACION FLEXIBLE, ASI COMO APLICABILIDAD DE CARACTER INDUSTRIAL, YA QUE ES POSIBLE EXTRAPOLAR LOS TRABAJOS DESARROLLADOS A SISTEMAS INTEGRADOS EN AREAS PRODUCTIVAS.
Noncovalent Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes with Amphiphilic Gd3+ Chelates:  Toward Powerful T1 and T2 MRI Contrast Agents (2007)

An amphiphilic gadolinium (III) chelate (GdL) was synthesized from commercially available stearic acid. Aqueous solutions of the complex at different concentrations (from 1 mM to 1 microM) were prepared and adsorbed on multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The resulting suspensions were stable for several days and have been characterized with regard to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent applications. Longitudinal water proton relaxivities, r1, have been measured at 20, 300, and 500 MHz. The r1 values show a strong dependence on the GdL concentration, particularly at low field. The relaxivities decrease with increasing field as it is predicted by the Solomon-Bloembergen-Morgan theory. Transverse water proton relaxation times, T2, have also been measured and are practically independent of both the frequency and the GdL concentration. An in vivo feasibility MRI study has been performed at 300 MHz in mice. A negative contrast could be well observed after injection of a suspension of functionalized nanotubes into the muscle of the leg of the mouse.
Fast GRAPPA reconstruction with random projection (2014)

The proposed random projection method is able to reduce the computational time of GRAPPA, especially in a 3D setting, without compromising the image quality, or to improve the reconstruction quality by allowing more data for calibration when the computational time is a limiting factor. Magn Reson Med 74:71-80, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prion-like activity of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (2014)

Neurodegenerative diseases belong to a larger group of protein misfolding disorders, known as proteinopathies. There is increasing experimental evidence implicating prion-like mechanisms in many common neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, the tauopathies, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), all of which feature the aberrant misfolding and aggregation of specific proteins. The prion paradigm provides a mechanism by which a mutant or wild-type protein can dominate pathogenesis through the initiation of self-propagating protein misfolding. ALS, a lethal disease characterized by progressive degeneration of motor neurons is understood as a classical proteinopathy; the disease is typified by the formation of inclusions consisting of aggregated protein within and around motor neurons that can contribute to neurotoxicity. It is well established that misfolded/oxidized SOD1 protein is highly toxic to motor neurons and plays a prominent role in the pathology of ALS. Recent work has identified propagated protein misfolding properties in both mutant and wild-type SOD1, which may provide the molecular basis for the clinically observed contiguous spread of the disease through the neuroaxis. In this review we examine the current state of knowledge regarding the prion-like properties of SOD1 and comment on its proposed mechanisms of intercellular transmission.
Non-absorbable antibiotics and small bowel bacterial overgrowth. (1993)

The normal gastrointestinal flora includes no more than 10(3) organisms/ml of gastric aspirate and no more than 10(5) organisms/ml of duodenal or jejunal juice. The organisms are primarily gram-positive and aerobic bacteria. In particular anatomical or functional predisposing conditions, an abnormal colonization takes place in the small bowel with microbial concentrations > or = 10(7)/ml of aspirate and with a predominance of anaerobes and coliforms. At times this small bowel bacterial overgrowth remains asymptomatic, but more often leads to a true malabsorption syndrome with symptoms, such as diarrhoea, weight loss and megaloblastic anemia. The most accurate procedure for confirming the presence of this condition is represented by the bacterological analysis of the jejunal aspirate. The routine use of this method is, however, notably hindered by the need for intubation of the patient and by the lack of laboratories suitably equipped for anaerobe culture. As an alternative to this complex procedure, numerous non-invasive tests have been perfected over the last few years, including the glucose- or lactulose- H2 breath test. The main aim of the treatment of the small bowel bacterial overgrowth is the suppression of the bacterial colonization using antimicrobial therapy. Among the local-action non-absorbable antibiotics, rifaximin, was shown to have bactericidal activity against aerobes and anaerobes bacteria, such as bacteroides, lactobacilli and clostrides. In controlled clinical trials the antibiotic has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in bacterial origin diarrhoea, in porto-systemic encephalopathy, in diverticulosis and, finally, in small bowel bacterial overgrowth.
Generation of very large circuits to benchmark the partitioning of FPGA (1999)

This paper describes a new procedure for generating very large realistic benchmark circuits which are especially suited for the performance evaluation of FPGA partitioning algorithms. These benchmark circuits can be generated quickly. The generation of a netlist of 1OOK CLBs (500K equivalent gates), for instance, takes only two minutes on a standard UNIX workstation. The analysis of a large number of netlists from real designs lead us to identify the following five different kinds of sub-blocks: Regular combinational logic, irregular combinational logic, combinational and sequential logic, memory blocks, and interconnections. Therefore, our generator integrates a sub-generator for each of these types of netlist. The comparison of the partitioning results of industrial netlists with those obtained from generated netlists of the same size shows that the generated netlists behave similarly to the originals in terms of average filling rate and average pin utilization.
Biosynthesis of the major scent components 3,5‐dimethoxytoluene and 1,3,5‐trimethoxybenzene by novel rose O‐methyltransferases (2002)

In Chinese rose species and in many modern varieties, two methylated phenolic derivatives, 3,5-dimethoxytoluene and 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene, are major scent components. We show that cell-free extracts of rose petals catalyse the synthesis of 3,5-dimethoxytoluene and 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene by methylation of precursor molecules. An expressed sequence tag approach was used to identify four highly similar O-methyltransferase sequences expressed specifically in petals and anthers. Thin layer chromatography analysis showed that the activities of these enzymes with different substrates and the proportions of reaction products produced closely mimicked those observed using cell-free petal extracts, indicating that orcinol O-methyltransferases are responsible for the biosynthesis of 3,5-dimethoxytoluene and 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene from un-methylated precursors in this organ.
Synthesis, Optical, and Electronic Properties of Soluble Poly-p-phenylene Oligomers as Models for Molecular Wires (2009)

A homologous series of soluble poly-p-phenylenes containing up to eight phenylene moieties (PP(2)-PP(8)) with branched iso-alkyl (or bis-n-alkylmethyl) groups has been synthesized and the structure-property relationship with regards to various optical and electronic properties established. All electronic and optoelectronic properties of poly-p-phenylenes followed a 1/n relationship (where n is number of phenylene moieties) with the increasing number of phenylene moieties. The low-energy electronic transition of the PP(2)-PP(7) cation radicals, generated either by laser-flash photolysis or by chemical oxidation, varied as well according to the inverse (1/n) relationship. The observed inverse relationship of all measured electronic and optoelectronic properties against the increasing number of phenylene units in various PP(n)'s, as well as X-ray crystallography of both neutral and a cation-radical salt of a representative tetra-p-phenylene oligomer allows us to demonstrate that the effective conjugation length in poly-p-phenylenes is, in part, controlled by the increasing number of interactions of ortho hydrogens which may prevent simultaneous planarization of the continuous arrays of a large number of phenylene moieties.
Nonuse of statins—A new risk factor for infectious death in cardiovascular patients?* (2007)

Medical Clinic II, University Hospital, Ulm, Germany (Krüger) Medical Clinic I, University Hospital RWTH, Aachen, Germany (Merx) The authors have not disclosed any potential conflicts of interest.
Coulombic Forces in Protein−RNA Interactions:  Binding and Cleavage by Ribonuclease A and Variants at Lys7, Arg10, and Lys66 (1998)

The interactions between bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase A) and its RNA substrate extend beyond the scissile P−O5‘ bond. Enzymic subsites interact with the bases and phosphoryl groups of the bound substrate. Those residues interacting with the phosphoryl group comprise the P0, P1, and P2 subsites, with the scissile bond residing in the P1 subsite. Here, the function of the P0 and P2 subsites of RNase A is characterized in detail. Lys66 (P0 subsite) and Lys7 and Arg10 (P2 subsite) were replaced with alanine residues. Wild-type RNase A and the K66A, K7A/R10A, and K7A/R10A/K66A variants were evaluated as catalysts for the cleavage of poly(cytidylic acid) [poly(C)] and for their abilities to bind to single-stranded DNA, a substrate analogue. The values of kcat and Km for poly(C) cleavage were affected by altering the P0 and P2 subsites. The kcat/Km values for poly(C) cleavage by the K66A, K7A/R10A, and K7A/R10A/K66A variants were 3-fold, 60-fold, and 300-fold lower, respectively, than that of wild-type RNase A. These values indicate that the P0 and P2 subsites contribute 0.70 and 2.46 kcal/mol, respectively, to transition-state binding. Binding experiments indicate that the P0 and P2 subsites contribute 0.92 and 1.21 kcal/mol, respectively, to ground-state binding. Thus, the P0 subsite makes a uniform contribution toward binding the ground state and the transition state, whereas the P2 subsite differentiates, binding more tightly to the transition state than to the ground state. In addition, nucleic acid binding to wild-type RNase A is strongly dependent on NaCl concentration, but this dependence is diminished upon alteration of the P0 or P2 subsite. The logarithm of Kd is a linear function of the logarithm of [Na+] over the range 0.018 M ≤ [Na+] ≤ 0.14 M, with ∂ log Kd/∂ log [Na+] = 2.3 ± 0.1, 1.8 ± 0.1, 1.4 ± 0.1, and 0.9 ± 0.2 for nucleic acid binding to wild-type RNase A and the K66A, K7A/R10A, and K7A/R10A/K66A variants, respectively. Similar experiments with NaF and the wild-type enzyme yield ∂ log Kd/ ∂ log [Na+] = 2.0 ± 0.2, indicating that the anion makes only a small contribution to nucleic acid binding. Together these data provide a detailed picture of the contributions of Coulombic interactions to binding and catalysis by RNase A, and illuminate the general role of Coulombic forces between proteins and nucleic acids.
Microchip Structures for Submillisecond Electrophoresis (1998)

Microchip electrophoresis was used to resolve a binary mixture in 0.8 ms using a separation field strength of 53 kV cm-1 and a separation length of 200 μm. The microchip design permitted an electric field strength of 6.1 V cm-1 in the separation channel per volt applied to the microchip. Concurrently, the spatial extent of the injection plug and the detector observation region were minimized to increase separation efficiency.
Whole-arm reactive collision avoidance control of kinematically redundant manipulators (2002)

The key features of a control system being developed for whole arm collision avoidance for kinematically redundant manipulators are described. The control system simultaneously deals with multiple detections and provides controlled end-effector path deviation in the event that the range of self-motion available is not sufficient. The system has undergone extensive simulation using an animated model of a manipulator in a variety of workcells. Examples are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>