gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Molecular Properties of Tricyclic Biselenophene-Based Derivatives with Nitrogen, Silicon, Germanium, Vinylidene, and Ethylene Bridges (2014)

A new class of biselenophene-based materials including an sp(3)-silicon-bridged diselenosilole (DSS), an sp(3)-germanium-bridged diselenogermole (DSG), and an sp(3)-nitrogen-bridged diselenopyrrole (DSP) as well as an sp(2)-vinylidene-bridged dicyanodiselenofulvene (CDSF), a diacetylenediselenofulvene (ADSF), and a dioctylethylene-bridged benzodiselenophene (BDS) have been successfully synthesized and characterized. The bridging moieties play an important role in determining the optical and electrochemical properties. The six brominated derivatives are ready to construct various biselenophene-based conjugated materials with tunable properties for organic photovoltaics and field effect transistors.
Nucleotide sequence of three cDNAs for the human high affinity Fc receptor (FcRI) (1988)

Journal Article Nucleotide sequence of three cDNAs for the human high affinity Fc receptor (FcRI) Get access Janet M. Allen, Janet M. Allen 1Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA 02114, USA2Departments of Neurology, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA 02114, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Brian Seed Brian Seed 1Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA 02114, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 16, Issue 24, 23 December 1988, Page 11824, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/16.24.11824 Published: 23 December 1988 Article history Accepted: 14 November 1988 Published: 23 December 1988
Toll-like receptor 4–mediated lymphocyte influx induces neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (2015)

The nature and role of the intestinal leukocytes in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a severe disease affecting premature infants, remain unknown. We now show that the intestine in mouse and human NEC is rich in lymphocytes that are required for NEC development, as recombination activating gene 1–deficient (Rag1–/–) mice were protected from NEC and transfer of intestinal lymphocytes from NEC mice into naive mice induced intestinal inflammation. The intestinal expression of the lipopolysaccharide receptor TLR4, which is higher in the premature compared with full-term human and mouse intestine, is required for lymphocyte influx through TLR4-mediated upregulation of CCR9/CCL25 signaling. TLR4 also mediates a STAT3-dependent polarization toward increased proinflammatory CD3+CD4+IL-17+ and reduced tolerogenic Foxp3+ Treg lymphocytes (Tregs). Th17 lymphocytes were required for NEC development, as inhibition of STAT3 or IL-17 receptor signaling attenuated NEC in mice, while IL-17 release impaired enterocyte tight junctions, increased enterocyte apoptosis, and reduced enterocyte proliferation, leading to NEC. Importantly, TLR4-dependent Th17 polarization could be reversed by the enteral administration of retinoic acid, which induced Tregs and decreased NEC severity. These findings identify an important role for proinflammatory lymphocytes in NEC development via intestinal epithelial TLR4 that could be reversed through dietary modification.
Studies on the photostability of reserpine in parenteral solutions. (1983)

The photostability of reserpine in several parenteral formulations has been studied and the effects of some commonly used stabilizers have been evaluated. The kinetic data indicate that the photodegradation of reserpine follows zero order kinetics in all the formulations at pH = 2 and 3. The stability of reserpine appears to be higher at pH = 3 than at pH = 2. 3-dehydroreserpine, isoreserpine and lumireserpine were identified as the major photodegradation products by TLC, suggesting that the photodegradation in acidic solutions occurs initially via an oxidative mechanism. The combined effect of EDTA and PABA on the photostability of reserpine was more significant than their individual effect. The formulations in which benzyl alcohol was used as vehicle were found to be more stable than those having propylene glycol. Polyethylene glycol was found to be a better surfactant than Tween 80. The degree of stabilization in the presence of surface active agents has been explained in terms of micellar theory and the degree of hydration of micelles. A stable formula for parenteral solution of reserpine has been suggested.
Literature (1981)

It was noted earlier that there has been a wide coverage of Japanese literature in Russia in both Tsarist and Soviet times, extending from ancient writings to modern works. The category is broad, embracing prose, poesy and the drama; requiring much detail and complexity of interpretation, in more space than can be given here. The essential is to characterize the scope and nature of the modern Russian treatment; for which it is necessary to begin with a survey of the subject in general terms.KeywordsCommunist PartyJapanese LiteratureOriental FacultyRUSSIAN StudyOriental LanguageThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Site of Action of Vasopressin in Causing Corticotropin Release1 (1966)

The corticotropin-releasing properties of lysine vasopressin and that of a porcine pituitary extract were compared by means of injections into hypothalamic sites or into the adenohypophysis of dexamethasone-pretreated rats of both sexes. In all cases the doses used for central injections were below the minimal dose capable of causing an increase in adrenal secretion of corticosterone after intravenous injection, so that corticotropin (ACTH-like) effects or contamination by ACTH could be excluded as a cause of increased adrenal secretion of corticosterone after the central injections. Vasopressin provoked extensive release of ACTH when it was placed in the median eminence of the hypothalamus, as did the pituitary extract. When the 2 substances were tested by intra-adenohypophysial injection, the vasopressin caused much less ACTH release and the extract caused more ACTH release than observed after intrahypothalamic injections. Morphine abolished the ACTH release after vasopressin injections at either site, as well as after the injection of the extract into the median eminence. However, morphine failed to abolish, or even diminish extensively, the ACTH release observed after injection of the extract into the anterior pituitary. From these results it was concluded that the extract contained activity resembling that of a corticotropin-releasing factor, but that vasopressin did not have such activity at the doses used. The vasopressin apparently acted directly on the hypothalamus to cause release of endogenous corticotropin-releasing factor. (Endocrinology79: 328, 1966)
Oxidants, antioxidants and the ischemic brain (2004)

Despite numerous defenses, the brain is vulnerable to oxidative stress resulting from ischemia/reperfusion. Excitotoxic stimulation of superoxide and nitric oxide production leads to formation of highly reactive products, including peroxynitrite and hydroxyl radical, which are capable of damaging lipids, proteins and DNA. Use of transgenic mutants and selective pharmacological antioxidants has greatly increased understanding of the complex interplay between substrate deprivation and ischemic outcome. Recent evidence that reactive oxygen/nitrogen species play a critical role in initiation of apoptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation provides additional mechanisms for oxidative damage and new targets for post-ischemic therapeutic intervention. Because oxidative stress involves multiple post-ischemic cascades leading to cell death, effective prevention/treatment of ischemic brain injury is likely to require intervention at multiple effect sites.
Gene Expression Networks Underlying Retinoic Acid–Induced Differentiation of Human Retinoblastoma Cells (2003)

These data suggest that RA induces a subpopulation of retinoblastoma cells to differentiate toward a cone cell lineage while selectively leading other cells into apoptosis.
De novo fragment assembly with short mate-paired reads: Does the read length matter? (2008)

Increasing read length is currently viewed as the crucial condition for fragment assembly with next-generation sequencing technologies. However, introducing mate-paired reads (separated by a gap of length, GapLength) opens a possibility to transform short mate-pairs into long mate-reads of length approximately GapLength, and thus raises the question as to whether the read length (as opposed to GapLength) even matters. We describe a new tool, EULER-USR, for assembling mate-paired short reads and use it to analyze the question of whether the read length matters. We further complement the ongoing experimental efforts to maximize read length by a new computational approach for increasing the effective read length. While the common practice is to trim the error-prone tails of the reads, we present an approach that substitutes trimming with error correction using repeat graphs. An important and counterintuitive implication of this result is that one may extend sequencing reactions that degrade with length "past their prime" to where the error rate grows above what is normally acceptable for fragment assembly.
Starburst Triphenylamine‐Based Donor–Acceptor‐Type Small Molecules for Solution‐Processed Organic Solar Cells (2015)

Abstract A class of the donor–acceptor (D–A)‐type organic small molecules that includes TPA‐DPP, DTPA‐DPP, and TTPA‐DPP [TPA = triphenylamine, DPP = diketopyrrolopyrrole, DTPA = bis(triphenylamine), TTPA = tris(triphenylamine)] was synthesized; these compounds contain TPA as a donor unit and DPP as an acceptor unit. Solution‐processed organic solar cells (OSCs) with these compounds as donors and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C 71 ‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC 71 BM) as an acceptor were fabricated. The starburst OSCs prepared from DTPA‐DPP and TTPA‐DPP with two and three TPA units, respectively, exhibited better photovoltaic performance than the OSC prepared with one TPA unit, because DTPA‐DPP and TTPA‐DPP have better light‐harvesting properties and charge‐transport properties. The DTPA‐DPP‐based OSCs delivered a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.26 % and the TTPA‐DPP‐based OSCs exhibited a higher PCE of 2.47 %. The PCE level is 1.15 and 1.25 times higher than that in the TPA‐DPP‐based OSCs, respectively. Our work indicates that a starburst configuration can improve the photovoltaic properties of D–A‐type organic small molecules in OSCs.
Candidate Targets for Hepatitis C Virus-Specific Antiviral Therapy (1997)

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) was identified as the major causative agent of posttransfusion and community-acquired non-A, non-B hepatitis throughout the world. It is an enveloped virus with a plus-strand RNA genome encoding a polyprotein of about 3,010 amino acids. This polyprotein is cleaved co- and posttranslationally into mature viral proteins by host cell signal peptidases and 2 viral enzymes designated the NS2-3 proteinase and the NS3/4A proteinase complex. It is assumed that virus replication takes place in a membrane-associated complex containing at least 2 viral enzymatic activities: the NS3 nucleoside triphosphatase (NTPase)/helicase and the NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Based on their important role for the viral life cycle and the wealth of information available for related cellular and viral proteins, the NS3/4A serine-type proteinase complex, the NS3 NTPase/helicase and the NS5B RdRp are the most attractive targets for development of HCV-specific antiviral therapies. This review will summarize our current knowledge about structure and function of these proteins and describe approaches pursued to identify effective antiviral compounds.
Electrochemistry of formic acid and carbon dioxide on metal electrodes with applications to fuel cells and carbon dioxide conversion devices (2010)

There is a growing awareness of the need for basic and applied energy research due to the environmental impact of energy use and limitations in the supply of energy sources. In this work, electrochemical research is reported for fuel cells and carbon dioxide reduction, with the aim of reducing the environmental footprint of global energy use.&#13;\n&#13;\nIn studies of the formic acid fuel cell, it is reported here that an increase in the formic acid fuel pH increases the rate of formic acid oxidation on palladium and platinum. It is also shown that an increase in fuel pH decreases the potential at which the catalyst poison is removed from the electrode surface. This poison is detrimental to fuel cell operation. This work reports the first such studies in an electrochemical cell on high surface area platinum and palladium nanoparticles. &#13;\n&#13;\nNew catalyst formulations were developed via electrochemical surface modification in attempt to eliminate the catalyst poisoning and improve performance of the formic acid fuel cell. Electrochemical studies showed substantial improvement to the rate of formic acid oxidation by a combination of high surface area palladium with tin, antimony, or lead, due to steric and electronic effects. A membrane electrode assembly was developed and reported here that enables fuel cell testing of such electrochemically modified catalysts. Tests in an operating fuel cell demonstrated less performance gains compared with the electrochemical cell, although some gains were shown.&#13;\n&#13;\nFinally, the reduction of carbon dioxide in the ionic liquid, EMIM BF4, was shown to occur at a more positive potential that in previous aprotic solvents such as acetonitrile. The conversion of carbon dioxide to its charged intermediate was shown to occur as the rate limiting step in the complete conversion of carbon dioxide to adsorbed carbon monoxide. This work is part of the initial stages of an effort to convert carbon dioxide to a usable fuel such as formic acid or some other larger hydrocarbon fuel.
Exploiting defect clustering to screen bare die for infant mortality failures: an experimental study (2003)

We present the first experimental results to establish that a binning strategy based on defect clustering can be used to screen bare die for early life failures. The data for this study comes from the SEMATECH test methods experiment.
Causes of conductance change in yeast cultures (1992)

The conductance change due to growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y112, Zygosaccharomyces bailii M and Rhodotorula rubra NCYC 63 in culture media containing glucose, tartrate pH buffer and ammonium ions as sole nitrogen source was compared with that in a medium containing L-asparagine as sole nitrogen source. Decreases in conductance were observed in glucose-ammonium cultures of all three yeasts while little change occurred in cultures with L-asparagine as sole nitrogen source. This supports the hypothesis that the metabolic activity primarily responsible for conductance change in yeast cultures is the uptake of charged ammonium ions as nitrogen source and the reaction of protons with pH buffer compounds. Rhodotorula rubra cultures with L-asparagine as sole carbon source caused large increases in conductance with growth. Chemical analyses of culture filtrates showed that this increase in conductance was due to use of L-asparagine as carbon source and the excretion of nitrogen surplus to biosynthetic needs as ammonium. In addition, the production of aspartate, acetate and bicarbonate contributed to the increase in conductance.
Dynamic properties of Lednev's parametric resonance mechanism (1996)

This paper presents a further development of the mechanism for the detection of weak magnetic fields proposed by [Lednev (1991): Bioelectromagnetics 12:71-75]. The fraction of excited oscillator states of an unhydrated ion is studied in a dynamic model driven by the predicted (time-varying) transition probability in the presence of thermal noise and an unspecified excitation mechanism. The main results of Lednev are confirmed. In addition, I conclude that ultraharmonic and ultrasubharmonic resonances may also be observed, provided that the response time of the dynamic system is similar to the period of the oscillating magnetic field. I discuss the time scales involved in the mechanism and present theoretical constraints on these parameters. The crucial requirement for the theory's applicability is that the lifetime of the excited states of the affected ion oscillator exceeds the period of the applied magnetic field. Numerical solutions of the dynamic system are given and are shown to correspond well to theoretical expectations. The main discrepancy between the theories of Lednev and of Blanchard and Blackman [Blanchard and Blackman (1994): Bioelectromagnetics 15:217-238] appears to be due to an inconsistency in the latter paper. The general problem of robust analysis of experimental data is discussed, and I suggest a test of compliance with the Lednev model that is independent of all parameters except for the ratio of oscillating and static field strength (B1/B0) for many resonance conditions and experimental models.
Exosomes: A Novel Strategy for Treatment and Prevention of Diseases (2017)

An "exosome" is a nanoscale membrane vesicle derived from cell endocytosis that functions as an important intercellular communication mediator regulating the exchange of proteins and genetic materials between donor and surrounding cells. Exosomes secreted by normal and cancer cells participate in tumor initiation, progression, invasion, and metastasis. Furthermore, immune cells and cancer cells exert a two-way bidirectional regulatory effect on tumor immunity by exchanging exosomes. Current studies on exosomes have further expanded their known functions in physiological and pathological processes. The purpose of this review is to describe their discovery and biological functions in the context of their enormous potential in the clinical diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of cancer as well as bacterial and viral infectious diseases.
Functional analysis of the human tissue factor promoter and induction by serum. (1990)

Tissue factor (TF) is the primary initiator of the coagulation protease cascades. This cell surface glycoprotein is the receptor and essential cofactor for the serine protease factor VIIa. TF is constitutively expressed in some extravascular cell types and is transiently induced in monocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. Inducible expression is implicated in cellular immune responses, inflammation, and intravascular coagulation. Transcriptional regulation of the TF promoter was analyzed in COS-7 cells under conditions of (i) high-level expression and (ii) serum induction. The region comprising nucleotides -209 to +121 (relative to the transcription start site) supports high-level transcriptional activity and can be divided into two distinct regions: a region (-111 to +121) that exhibited low promoter activity and a region (-209 to -112) that enhanced transcriptional activity to a high level. The role of further upstream sequences is still to be established, although two consensus binding sites for the transcriptional activator protein AP-1 did enhance low-level promoter activity. In serum-starved COS-7 cells TF expression was transiently increased 20-fold by serum. All transcriptionally active constructs were responsive to serum, indicating the presence of at least one serum response element, whose function was retained in the immediate 5' aspect of the gene, at -111 to +14. Based on this functional map, we propose that the elaborate pattern of TF expression by cells results from a relatively complex promoter.
Preparation, structural and mechanical properties of electrodeposited Co/Cu multilayers (2008)

Abstract Electrodeposited Co/Cu multilayer films were grown on (001)‐oriented Si and polycrystalline copper substrates by single bath technique. Several Co/Cu samples deposited with different sublayer thickness in the range of 1 to 20 nm were investigated. A series of the multilayers with varying bilayer thickness Λ were electrodeposited on copper substrates. The modulated structure of Co/Cu multilayer was investigated by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that the multilay ered deposits have columnar structure, with various column diameters. The column diameters and the preferential crystallographic orientation depend on the total thickness of the deposit. Mechanical properties of Co/Cu multilayers were investigated by microhardness and tribological tests. It was found that hardness of the Co/Cu multilayers depend on the bilayer period and is much higher than those of Co and Cu single layer coatings. A different wear mechanism of Co/Cu multilayers for bilayer period 6, 10 and 40 nm was observed. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Digital Image Processing: Principles and Applications (1994)

What Is Image Processing?. Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing. The Digital Image. PROCESSING CONCEPTS. Image Enhancement and Restoration. Image Analysis. Image Compression. Image Synthesis. PROCESSING SYSTEMS. Image Origination and Display. Image Data Handling. Image Data Processing. PROCESSING IN ACTION. Image Operation Studies. Appendices. Glossary. Index.
Identification of novel HLA-A*0201-restricted CD8+ T-cell epitopes on hepatitis delta virus (2004)

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) superinfection causes a poor prognosis in hepatitis B virus-infected patients and effective therapy is lacking. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic viral hepatitis; however, the CD8+ T-cell epitopes of HDV have never been defined. Potential HLA-A*0201-restricted HDV peptides were selected from the SYFPEITHI database and screened by T2 cell-stabilization assay. HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice on a C57BL/6 background were injected intramuscularly with an HDV DNA vaccine. Splenocytes were stained directly ex vivo with HLA-A*0201-peptide tetramers after immunization. Epitope-specific CTL responses were confirmed by cytotoxic assays. HLA-A2, chronically infected HDV patients were also enrolled, to assess the existence of HDV-specific CD8+ T cells, based on findings in animals. Following HDV DNA vaccination, nearly 0.9 % of the total splenic CD8+ T cells were specific for peptides HDV 26-34 and HDV 43-51 in HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice, which was significantly higher than the number found in non-transgenic mice or in transgenic mice that had been immunized with control plasmid. HDV 26-34- and 43-51-specific CTL lines were able to produce CTL responses to each peptide. Interestingly, HDV 26-34- and HDV 43-51-specific CD8+ T cells were also detectable in two chronically infected HDV patients in the absence of active HDV replication. In conclusion, HDV 26-34 and 43-51 are novel HLA-A*0201-restricted CTL epitopes on genotype I HDV. HDV 26-34- and 43-51-specific CTLs have been detected in chronic hepatitis delta patients without active disease. Evoking CTL responses to HDV may be an alternative approach to controlling HDV viraemia in patients with chronic hepatitis delta.