gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nuclear-driven technologies that could reduce the cost of electricity by several fold (1991)

Dramatic reduction in the cost of electricity may potentially be achieved utilizing unconventional nuclear-driven technologies. The cost of electricity has three major contributors; fuel cycle cost, containment cost, and electrical generator (balance of plant) cost. A general discussion is given on the characteristics that nuclear energy sources must have in order to minimize fuel cycle costs. Two unconventional methods are covered for generating electricity with dramatic reduction in cost. One, is a water pump and contains low- technology components. The other is a plasma MHD generator and contains high-technology components that require further development, but may produce electricity at only 1/10 the present cost. A systems economic analysis is outlined that can be used to guide and evaluate the performance of various nuclear-driven electrical generating technologies to be pursued in future work. 11 refs.
Infrared Laser Photobiomodulation (λ 830 nm) on Bone Tissue Around Dental Implants: A Raman Spectroscopy and Scanning Electronic Microscopy Study in Rabbits (2007)

It is concluded that infrared laser photobiomodulation does improve bone healing, and this may be safely assessed by Raman spectroscopy or SEM.
A reconfigurable data-driven multiprocessor architecture for rapid prototyping of high throughput DSP algorithms (2002)

A data-driven multiprocessor architecture for the rapid prototyping of complex DSP algorithms, based on direct execution of data-flow graphs, is presented. High computation bandwidth is achieved by exploiting the fine-grain parallelism inherent in the target algorithms using simple processing elements called nanoprocessors interconnected by a configurable static communication network. The use of distributed control and the data-driven execution approach resulted in a highly scalable and modular architecture. A prototype chip, which is currently being designed, contains 64 nanoprocessors, 1 kByte of memory in four banks and eight 16-bit I/O ports, and provides 3.2 GOPS peak when running at 50 MHz. The benchmark results, based on a variety of DSP algorithms in video processing, digital communication, digital filtering and speech recognition, confirm the performance efficiency and generality of the architecture.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Bordetella pertussis infection in mice: correlation of specific antibodies against two antigens, pertussis toxin, and filamentous hemagglutinin with mouse protectivity in an intracerebral or aerosol challenge system (1984)

The correlation of titers of specific serum immunoglobulin G antibodies against two antigens, pertussis toxin (PT), and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), which are the main components of pertussis vaccine in Japan, with mouse protectivity was examined by both intracerebral and aerosol challenge systems with virulent Bordetella pertussis cells. Titer of the antibodies was calculated from the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) unit given arbitrarily to reference antibodies. PT antibody titer which protected 50% of mice was indistinguishable in both active immunization followed by intracerebral challenge and passive immunization followed by aerosol challenge. The 50% effective dose was 23 ELISA U/ml in the former mice and 24 ELISA U/mouse in the latter. In the intracerebral challenge system, FHA did not elicit a protective response but was very helpful for PT as an immunizing antigen. When anti-FHA immunoglobulin G coexisted with anti-PT immunoglobulin G in mice, the 50% effective dose of PT antibody was 4.4 or 10 ELISA U/mouse in intracerebral or aerosol challenge systems, respectively. In this active immunization system, pertussis toxoid of 1 micrograms or 0.1 microgram/mouse produced PT antibody of ca. 20 or 5 ELISA U/ml, respectively. It was concluded that pertussis toxoid or its antibody was much more potent than Formalin-treated FHA or its antibody; Formalin-treated FHA or its antibody was helpful when it was administered with pertussis toxoid toxoid or its antibody, however.
Differential expression of A- and B-subtypes of cholecystokinin/gastrin receptors in the developing calf pancreas (1993)

Cholecystokinin (CCK)/gastrin receptors were characterized in calf pancreatic plasma membranes from newborns, 28- and 119-day-old milk-fed preruminants, and 119-day-old weaned ruminants. Scatchard analysis of [125I]Bolton-Hunter reagent-[Thr28,Nle31]CCK-(25-33) binding indicated two classes of binding sites: high affinity sites exhibited significant higher affinity and binding capacity (P < 0.05) in 119-day-old ruminants than in 119-day-old preruminants (Kd = 0.13 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.35 +/- 0.08 nM; binding capacity (Bmax) = 53 +/- 12 vs. 18 +/- 5 fmol/mg protein). Pharmacological analysis using selective agonists and antagonists indicated the expression of the CCK-A receptor at birth, whereas the CCK-B receptor predominated at postnatal stages. At all stages, the binding was inhibited by guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate. Binding site identification by photoaffinity labeling showed that at birth, the labeling occurred mainly on a 78- to 96-kilodalton (kDa) component. In milk-fed animals, aged 28 and 119 days, two membrane-binding components were labeled at 78-96 and 43-52 kDa. In 119-day-old ruminants, labeling occurred mainly on a 40- to 47-kDa protein. Deglycosylation by endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase-F of the 40- to 47- and 43- to 52-kDa components resulted in the formation of a 37-kDa membrane protein. Consequently, this study demonstrated 1) the differential expression of CCK-A and -B receptors in developing calf pancreas, 2) the predominance of CCK-B receptors in normal pancreas, and 3) the maturation of CCK-B receptors during the weaning period, which includes the glycosylation level. These results suggest that CCK may play a predominant role during the early postnatal development, while gastrin and CCK-B receptors can function progressively to regulate proliferation and exocrine secretion in the calf pancreas, especially from the weaning period.
[Adipose tissue engineering with human adipose-derived stem cells and fibrin glue injectable scaffold]. (2008)

ASCs extracted from the lipid part after liposuction can be used as seed cells, mixed, after adipose-induction, with injectable scaffold of fibrin glue, and injected into the body to build mature adipose tissue.
C. difficile 630Δerm Spo0A Regulates Sporulation, but Does Not Contribute to Toxin Production, by Direct High-Affinity Binding to Target DNA (2012)

Clostridium difficile is a Gram positive, anaerobic bacterium that can form highly resistant endospores. The bacterium is the causative agent of C. difficile infection (CDI), for which the symptoms can range from a mild diarrhea to potentially fatal pseudomembranous colitis and toxic megacolon. Endospore formation in Firmicutes, including C. difficile, is governed by the key regulator for sporulation, Spo0A. In Bacillus subtilis, this transcription factor is also directly or indirectly involved in various other cellular processes. Here, we report that C. difficile Spo0A shows a high degree of similarity to the well characterized B. subtilis protein and recognizes a similar binding sequence. We find that the laboratory strain C. difficile 630Derm contains an 18bp-duplication near the DNA-binding domain compared to its ancestral strain 630. In vitro binding assays using purified C-terminal DNA binding domain of the C. difficile Spo0A protein demonstrate direct binding to DNA upstream of spo0A and sigH, early sporulation genes and several other putative targets. In vitro binding assays suggest that the gene encoding the major clostridial toxin TcdB may be a direct target of Spo0A, but supernatant derived from a spo0A negative strain was no less toxic towards Vero cells than that obtained from a wild type strain, in contrast to previous reports. These results identify for the first time direct (putative) targets of the Spo0A protein in C. difficile and make a positive effect of Spo0A on production of the large clostridial toxins unlikely.
OpenFlow-based Wavelength Path Control in Transparent Optical Networks: a Proof-of-Concept Demonstration (2011)

We experimentally present a proof-of-concept demonstration of OpenFlow-based wavelength path control for lightpath provisioning in transparent optical networks, assessing its overall feasibility and quantitatively evaluating the network performances.
Secure and efficient schemes to entrust the use of private keys (2003)

This paper presents a practical method which enables an owner of a private key to entrust the use of the key to an entrustee without exposing the actual key. The following are features of the method: it covers a wide variety of existing public-key cryptographic algorithms; it provides the owner of the private key with a means of preventing the entrustee from abusing the entrusted key beyond the limits which the key owner arbitrarily specifies; it only adds a very small, usually negligible, amount of overhead to calculations required in the base public-key cryptographic algorithm. An outline of our method is as follows. An owner of a private key issues to an entrustee data called a ticket through the cooperation of a trusted third party. With the ticket, the entrustee can execute calculations, which yield the same results as those using the actual private key do.
Association Mapping: Critical Considerations Shift from Genotyping to Experimental Design (2009)

The goal of many plant scientists' research is to explain natural phenotypic variation in terms of simple changes in DNA sequence. Traditionally, linkage mapping has been the most commonly employed method to reach this goal: experimental crosses are made to generate a family with known relatedness, and attempts are made to identify cosegregation of genetic markers and phenotypes within this family. In vertebrate systems, association mapping (also known as linkage disequilibrium mapping) is increasingly being adopted as the mapping method of choice. Association mapping involves searching for genotype-phenotype correlations in unrelated individuals and often is more rapid and cost-effective than traditional linkage mapping. We emphasize here that linkage and association mapping are complementary approaches and are more similar than is often assumed. Unlike in vertebrates, where controlled crosses can be expensive or impossible (e.g., in humans), the plant scientific community can exploit the advantages of both controlled crosses and association mapping to increase statistical power and mapping resolution. While the time and money required for the collection of genotype data were critical considerations in the past, the increasing availability of inexpensive DNA sequencing and genotyping methods should prompt researchers to shift their attention to experimental design. This review provides thoughts on finding the optimal experimental mix of association mapping using unrelated individuals and controlled crosses to identify the genes underlying phenotypic variation.
Unintegrated Lentivirus DNA Persistence and Accessibility to Expression in Nondividing Cells: Analysis with Class I Integrase Mutants (2004)

The circumstances under which unintegrated lentivirus DNA can persist and be a functional template for transcription and protein expression are not clear. We constructed and validated the first class I (nonpleiotropic) integrase (IN) mutants for a non-human lentivirus (feline immunodeficiency virus [FIV]) and analyzed both these and known class I human immunodeficiency virus type 1 IN mutants. The FIV IN mutants (D66V and D66V/D118A) had class I properties: Gag/Pol precursor expression, proteolytic processing, particle formation, and reverse transcriptase (RT) production were normal, while the transduction of dividing fibroblasts was prevented and integration was blocked. When injected into rat retinas, the wild-type (WT) vector produced extensive, persistent transgene expression, compared with only rare positive neuronal cells for the IN mutant vector. In contrast, both WT and mutant vectors produced entirely equivalent, effective transduction levels of primary rat neurons (retinal ganglion cells). By testing the hypothesis that the unexpected retinal neuron transduction was related to cell cycle status, we found that when fibroblasts were growth arrested, transduction and internally promoted transgene expression were not inhibited at all by the class I FIV or HIV-1 IN mutations. Cells were then transduced under aphidicolin arrest and were released from the block 48 h later. Vector expression was stable and durable during repeated passaging in WT vector-transduced cells, while the release of cells transduced with equivalent RT units of class I IN mutant FIV or HIV vector resulted in a steady decline of expression, from 97 to 0% of cells by day 10. Southern blot and PCR analyses showed a lack of integration, irrespective of cell cycle, for the class I mutants and an increase in one- and two-long terminal repeat circular and linear unintegrated DNAs in growth-arrested cells. We conclude that if cell division is prevented, unintegrated FIV and HIV-1 vector DNAs can produce high-level internally promoted transgene expression equivalent to WT vectors. The expression correlates with the unintegrated DNA levels. These observations may facilitate the study of the roles of IN and other preintegration complex components in preintegration phases of infection by (i) providing an alternative way to monitor unintegrated nuclear cDNA forms, (ii) restricting ascertainment to the transcriptionally functional subset of unintegrated DNA, (iii) enabling analysis in individual, nondividing cells, and (iv) uncoupling other potential functions of IN from integration.
Liver metastasis models of colon cancer for evaluation of drug efficacy using NOD/Shi-scid IL2Rγnull (NOG) mice (2008)

To examine the drug efficacy of a novel farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI), CH4512600, in vivo, we developed a reliable liver metastasis model of human colon cancer using NOD/Shi-scid IL2Rgamma(null) (NOG) mice. Eleven human colon cancer cell lines were examined for their ability to form diverse metastatic foci in the livers of NOG mice. When inoculated with 10(4) COLO320DM, HCT 116, HT-29, WiDr, LoVo and LS174T cells, liver metastasis was evident in 100% (6/6), 100% (6/6), 88.9% (8/9), 87.5% (7/8), 83.3% (5/6) and 50.0% (3/6) of the NOG mice, respectively. CaCo2, COLO201, LS123, SW48 and SW1417 showed no metastasis when seeded at 10(4) cells even in NOG mice. The mRNA expression levels and genetic mutations of N, H and K-RAS genes, which directly affect the levels of cellular RAS protein that would be molecular target for FTI, were also examined in these six metastatic human colon cancer cell lines for molecular biological and genotypic characteristics. Only three cell lines had a point mutation in the RAS oncogene. LS174T cell line had a point mutation of the K-RAS gene at codon 12 (gly12 --> asp; G12D), and HCT 116 and LoVo cell lines had a point mutation of the K-RAS gene at codon 13 (gly13 --> asp; G13D). Relative gene expression levels of N, H and K-RAS genes in the HCT 116 cell line were 2.6-5.0-fold lower than that of LS174T and LoVo cell lines. We selected HCT 116 cell line from our liver metastasis model for evaluation of FTI CH4512600 efficacy in vivo. Using the NOG mouse liver metastasis model, we demonstrated the effectiveness of FTI CH4512600 to suppress tumor growth in vivo and to prolong mouse survival significantly from 36.9+/-2.9 to 50.3+/-9.4 days.
Effect of 4-Hydroxyphenylretinamide and Retinoic Acid on Proliferation and Cell Cycle of Cultured Human Breast Cancer Cells (1985)

The synthetic retinoid 4-hydroxyphenylretinamide (HPR) showed antiproliferative effect on cultured human breast cancer cells, which were sensitive to retinoic acid (RA) too. Investigation of the cell cycle by flow cytophotometry showed a significant increase of cells in the S-phase of the cell cycle after 24 hours of RA treatment, whereas HPR did not show this effect. After 4-7 days of retinoid treatment, the percentage of resting cells increased. The influence on the cell cycle and the antiproliferative effect were more pronounced for RA than for HPR treatment in both cell lines investigated (ZR-75.1 and 734 B).
Effect of C-reactive protein on gene expression in vascular endothelial cells (2004)

C-reactive protein (CRP) is significantly associated with the risk of ischemic cardiovascular disease in epidemiological studies. To explore if CRP has a functional role, we investigated its effect on the gene expression profile of vascular endothelial cells. Human vascular endothelial cells (human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human aortic endothelial cells) were incubated with CRP at various concentrations (0-10 mug/ml). Microarray analysis showed that a total of 11 genes increased (IL-8, core promoter element binding protein, activin A, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, Exostoses 1, Cbp/p300-interacting transactivator with Glu/Asp-rich COOH-terminal domain 2, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, fibronectin-1, gravin, connexin43, and sortilin-related receptor-1) and 6 genes decreased (methionine adenosyltransferase 2A, tryptophan-rich basic protein, reticulocalbin 1, membrane-associated RING-CH protein VI, cytoplasmic dynein1, and annexin A(1)) by more than twofold for their mRNA levels. IL-8 was the most significantly upregulated gene (13.6-fold), which demonstrated a clear dose- and time-dependent pattern revealed by quantitative real-time PCR. Cell adhesion assay showed that CRP enhanced the monocyte adhesion to endothelial cell monolayer by 2-fold (P < 0.01), which was partially blocked by an anti-IL-8 antibody (34.2% inhibition, P < 0.01). Inhibition of ERK MAPK pathway using U0126 prevented CRP-induced IL-8 upregulation, and Western blot analysis revealed a rapid activation of ERK1/2 after CRP stimulation. These data showed that CRP can significantly influence gene expressions in vascular endothelium. The CRP-responsive genes suggested that CRP may have a broad functional role in cell growth and differentiation, vascular remodeling and solid tumor development.
ADP-Ribosyltransferase Activity of Pertussis Toxin and Immunomodulation by Bordetella pertussis (1988)

Pertussis toxin is produced by the causative agent of whooping cough, Bordetella pertussis, and is an adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosyltransferase capable of covalently modifying and thereby inactivating many eukaryotic G proteins involved in cellular metabolism. The toxin is a principal determinant of virulence in whooping cough and is a primary candidate for an acellular pertussis vaccine, yet it is unclear whether the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity is required for both pathogenic and immunoprotective activities. A B. pertussis strain that produced an assembled pertussis holotoxin with only 1 percent of the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of the native toxin was constructed and was found to be deficient in pathogenic activities associated with B. pertussis including induction of leukocytosis, potentiation of anaphylaxis, and stimulation of histamine sensitivity. Moreover, this mutant strain failed to function as an adjuvant and was less effective in protecting mice from intracerebral challenge infection. These data suggest that the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity is necessary for both pathogenicity and optimum immunoprotection. These findings bear directly on the design of a nontoxic pertussis vaccine.
Chemical DNA Synthesis and Recombinant DNA Studies (1980)

Chemically synthesized DNA has been used in many recombinant DNA studies. These uses have included the total synthesis and cloning of functional genes, the cloning and expression of natural genes, and editing of changing genes by directed mutation.
Photopumped room-temperature edge- and vertical-cavity operation of AlGaAs-GaAs-InGaAs quantum-well heterostructure lasers utilizing native oxide mirrors (1994)

Data are presented on the 300-K continuous and pulsed photopumped laser operation of AlyGa1−yAs-GaAs-InxGa1−xAs quantum-well heterostructure (QWH) crystals that utilize large-index-step high-contrast distributed Bragg reflector mirrors. The mirrors are formed by selective lateral oxidation (H2O+N2, 425 °C) of three lower and three upper AlAs layers in the structure, resulting in enhanced cavity Q in the vertical direction. The laterally oxidized mirrors, a small lower and an upper ‘‘stack’’ that sandwich a lateral waveguide and double QW active region, are of sufficient quality to permit vertical-cavity laser operation of the QWH crystals.
Mobile and localized protons: a framework for understanding peptide dissociation (2000)

Protein identification and peptide sequencing by tandem mass spectrometry requires knowledge of how peptides fragment in the gas phase, specifically which bonds are broken and where the charge(s) resides in the products. For many peptides, cleavage at the amide bonds dominate, producing a series of ions that are designated b and y. For other peptides, enhanced cleavage occurs at just one or two amino acid residues. Surface-induced dissociation, along with gas-phase collision-induced dissociation performed under a variety of conditions, has been used to refine the general 'mobile proton' model and to determine how and why enhanced cleavages occur at aspartic acid residues and protonated histidine residues. Enhanced cleavage at acidic residues occurs when the charge is unavailable to the peptide backbone or the acidic side-chain. The acidic H of the side-chain then serves to initiate cleavage at the amide bond immediately C-terminal to Asp (or Glu), producing an anhydride. In contrast, enhanced cleavage occurs at His when the His side-chain is protonated, turning His into a weak acid that can initiate backbone cleavage by transferring a proton to the backbone. This allows the nucleophilic nitrogen of the His side-chain to attack and form a cyclic structure that is different from the 'typical' backbone cleavage structures.
Systemic Delivery of Salmonella typhimurium Transformed with IDO shRNA Enhances Intratumoral Vector Colonization and Suppresses Tumor Growth (2012)

Generating antitumor responses through the inhibition of tumor-derived immune suppression represents a promising strategy in the development of cancer immunotherapeutics. Here, we present a strategy incorporating delivery of the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium (ST), naturally tropic for the hypoxic tumor environment, transformed with a small hairpin RNA (shRNA) plasmid against the immunosuppressive molecule indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (shIDO). When systemically delivered into mice, shIDO silences host IDO expression and leads to massive intratumoral cell death that is associated with significant tumor infiltration by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). shIDO-ST treatment causes tumor cell death independently of host IDO and adaptive immunity, which may have important implications for use in immunosuppressed patients with cancer. Furthermore, shIDO-ST treatment increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by infiltrating PMNs and, conversely, PMN immunodepletion abrogates tumor control. Silencing of host IDO significantly enhances S. typhimurium colonization, suggesting that IDO expression within the tumor controls the immune response to S. typhimurium. In summary, we present a novel approach to cancer treatment that involves the specific silencing of tumor-derived IDO that allows for the recruitment of ROS-producing PMNs, which may act primarily to clear S. typhimurium infection, but in the process also induces apoptosis of surrounding tumor tissue resulting in a vigorous antitumor effect.
Randomized clinical trial of suture repair, polypropylene mesh or autodermal hernioplasty for incisional hernia (2002)

Suture repair was safe for small incisional hernias. Both autoplastic and alloplastic hernia repair yielded comparably low recurrence rates, but led to a high rate of wound infection.