gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 35-kilodalton protein is a major target of the human immune response to Mycobacterium leprae (1996)

The control of leprosy will be facilitated by the identification of major Mycobacterium leprae-specific antigens which mirror the immune response to the organism across the leprosy spectrum. We have investigated the host response to a 35-kDa protein of M. leprae. Recombinant 35-kDa protein purified from Mycobacterium smegmatis resembled the native antigen in the formation of multimeric complexes and binding by monoclonal antibodies and sera from leprosy patients. These properties were not shared by two forms of 35-kDa protein purified from Escherichia coli. The M. smegmatis-derived 35-kDa protein stimulated a gamma interferon-secreting T-cell proliferative response in the majority of paucibacillary leprosy patients and healthy contacts of leprosy patients tested. Cellular responses to the protein in patients with multibacillary leprosy were weak or absent, consistent with hyporesponsiveness to M. leprae characteristic of this form of the disease. Almost all leprosy patients and contacts recognized the 35-kDa protein by either a T-cell proliferative or an immunoglobulin G antibody response, whereas few tuberculosis patients recognized the antigen. This specificity was confirmed in guinea pigs, with the 35-kDa protein eliciting strong delayed-type hypersensitivity in M. leprae-sensitized animals but not in those sensitized with Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Therefore, the M. leprae 35-kDa protein appears to be a major and relatively specific target of the human immune response to M. leprae and is a potential component of a diagnostic test to detect exposure to leprosy or a vaccine to combat the disease.
A New Enzyme,D-Ketohexose 3-Epimerase, fromPseudomonassp. ST-24 (1993)

Journal Article A New Enzyme, D-Ketohexose 3-Epimerase, from Pseudomonas sp. ST-24 Get access Ken Izumori, Ken Izumori Department of Bioresource Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761–07, Japan Corresponding author. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Anisur Rahman Khan, Anisur Rahman Khan Department of Bioresource Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761–07, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hiroaki Okaya, Hiroaki Okaya Department of Bioresource Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761–07, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Tetsuji Tsumura Tetsuji Tsumura Department of Bioresource Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kagawa 761–07, Japan Present address: Department of Food Nutrition, Setouchi Junior College, Takase-cho, Mitoyo-gun, Kagawa 767, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Volume 57, Issue 6, 1 January 1993, Pages 1037–1039, https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.57.1037 Published: 01 January 1993 Article history Received: 24 February 1992 Published: 01 January 1993
Significance of nucleotide sequence alignments: a method for random sequence permutation that preserves dinucleotide and codon usage. (1985)

The similarity of two nucleotide sequences is often expressed in terms of evolutionary distance, a measure of the amount of change needed to transform one sequence into the other. Given two sequences with a small distance between them, can their similarity be explained by their base composition alone? The nucleotide order of these sequences contributes to their similarity if the distance is much smaller than their average permutation distance, which is obtained by calculating the distances for many random permutations of these sequences. To determine whether their similarity can be explained by their dinucleotide and codon usage, random sequences must be chosen from the set of permuted sequences that preserve dinucleotide and codon usage. The problem of choosing random dinucleotide and codon-preserving permutations can be expressed in the language of graph theory as the problem of generating random Eulerian walks on a directed multigraph. An efficient algorithm for generating such walks is described. This algorithm can be used to choose random sequence permutations that preserve (1) dinucleotide usage, (2) dinucleotide and trinucleotide usage, or (3) dinucleotide and codon usage. For example, the similarity of two 60-nucleotide DNA segments from the human beta-1 interferon gene (nucleotides 196-255 and 499-558) is not just the result of their nonrandom dinucleotide and codon usage.
Democratizing Qualitative Research: Photovoice and the Study of Human Communication (2010)

This essay discusses the possibilities of photovoice as a method to advance the study of human communication. Via a democratizing of the research process, photovoice can significantly affect the study of communication. Originally proposed by Wang and Burris (1994), photovoice traditionally has been used to study the social worlds of marginalized persons (e.g., rural, learning disabled, people without homes). Photovoice is a method in which participants use cameras to document their daily lives. The photographs function as artifacts around which an in-depth interview and/or focus group is centered. In this essay, I trace the history of images in social-scientific research generally and photovoice specifically. I then discuss the setup, execution of, and challenges of a photovoice project. I conclude with examples of photovoice from my own research which highlight the potential of photovoice-generated data to inform the study of human communication.
The Rigidity of Compound Spatial Grids (1984)

Ce document se divise en deux parties; premièrement, la dépendance linéaire des droites, et deuxièmement, la rigidité des réseaux spatiaux. Il tente de définir une méthodologie permettant de faire l'investigation d'un réseau a u spatial afin d’en déterminer la rigidité ou la non rigidité. Le réseau étant constituté de liens (droites) et de nceuds (rotules) dont la configuration relie deux éléments rigides. Autrement dit, le réseau forme une attaché entre les deux éléments et il s'agit de déterminer si cette attache est rigide ou si elle n'est pas rigide (mouvement mécanique ou infinitésimal).
Drug survival, efficacy and toxicity of monotherapy with a fully human anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha antibody compared with methotrexate in long-standing rheumatoid arthritis (2002)

In patients with active, long-standing RA, blocking TNF-alpha is more effective and better tolerated than MTX monotherapy. An early response increases the chance of a sustained effect of anti-TNF-alpha. In contrast to MTX, the response to anti-TNF-alpha is not affected by previous disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug history.
Mediator: an intelligent information system supporting the virtual manufacturing enterprise (2002)

Mediator is an open architecture information and knowledge management system designed to provide a flexible technology to support the management of complex manufacturing activities throughout the product life cycle. A heterogeneous environment is assumed in which the sub-systems are geographically dispersed and involve different application packages, not necessarily designed to work together, multiple platforms, protocols and forms of user interface. The function of Mediator is to provide a knowledge support system for all those involved in the manufacturing process from requirements through design, engineering, production, to maintenance and recycling. It is designed to facilitate communication, compliance with constraints including physical restrictions and legal obligations, and to generally represent knowledge about any activity or subsystem relevant to the manufacturing process. This paper reports on a second-generation Mediator implementation based on World-Wide-Web protocols and browsers augmented by specialist helper and server applications.
Prophylactic intranasal alpha 2 interferon and viral exacerbations of chronic respiratory disease. (1991)

BACKGROUND As respiratory virus infections often lead to exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and asthma an effective antiviral drug may be helpful in such patients. Alpha 2 interferon has been shown to give protection against rhinovirus infections in field studies. METHODS Patients with chronic respiratory disease exposed to close contacts with symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection were randomly allocated to receive nasal sprays of recombinant alpha 2 interferon (3 x 10(6) IU) or placebo twice daily for five days. Of the 123 patients recruited into the study, 69 took 117 courses of medication; 11 courses were excluded from analysis. RESULTS No important side effects were recorded and the incidence of possible adverse effects was similar in the two groups. Interferon treatment did not reduce the number or severity of symptomatic episodes; 11 of 48 patients given interferon and 16 of 58 given placebo developed lower respiratory symptoms. There were no differences in mean symptom scores (51 interferon and 52 placebo), number of symptomatic days (3.3 interferon and 5.0 placebo), peak flow values, number of general practitioner consultations, or use of antibiotics. CONCLUSION Alpha 2 interferon 3 x 10(6) IU taken twice daily for five days does not protect patients with chronic respiratory disease from exacerbations after they have been in contact with an upper respiratory tract infection.
N-substituted benzamides inhibit NFκB activation and induce apoptosis by separate mechanisms (1999)

Benzamides have been in clinical use for many years in treatment against various disorders. A recent application is that as a sensitizer for radio- or chemotherapies. We have here analysed the mechanism of action of N-substituted benzamides using an in vitro system. We found that while procainamide was biologically inert in our system, the addition of a chloride in the 3' position of the benzamide ring created a compound (declopramide) that induced rapid apoptosis. Furthermore, declopramide also inhibited NFkappaB activation by inhibition of IkappaBbeta breakdown. An acetylated variant of declopramide, N-acetyl declopramide, showed no effect with regard to rapid apoptosis induction but was a potent inhibitor of NFkappaB activation. In fact, the addition of an acetyl group to procainamide in the 4' position was sufficient to convert this biologically inactive substance to a potent inhibitor of NFkappaB activation. These findings suggest two potential mechanisms, induction of early apoptosis and inhibition of NFkappaB mediated salvage from apoptosis, for the biological effect of N-substituted benzamides as radio- and chemo-sensitizers. In addition it suggests that N-substituted benzamides are potential candidates for the development of anti-inflammatory compounds using NFkappaB as a drug target.
Characterization of the GAGE genes that are expressed in various human cancers and in normal testis. (1999)

The GAGE-1 gene was identified previously as a gene that codes for an antigenic peptide, YRPRPRRY, which was presented on a human melanoma by HLA-Cw6 molecules and recognized by a clone of CTLs derived from the patient bearing the tumor. By screening a cDNA library from this melanoma, we identified five additional, closely related genes named GAGE-2-6. We report here that further screening of this library led to the identification of two more genes, GAGE-7B and -8. GAGE-1, -2, and -8 code for peptide YRPRPRRY. Using another antitumor CTL clone isolated from the same melanoma patient, we identified antigenic peptide, YYWPRPRRY, which is encoded by GAGE-3, -4, -5, -6, and -7B and which is presented by HLA-A29 molecules. Genomic cloning of GAGE-7B showed that it is composed of five exons. Sequence alignment showed that an additional exon, which is present only in the mRNA of GAGE-1, has been disrupted in gene GAGE-7B by the insertion of a long interspersed repeated element retroposon. These GAGE genes are located in the p11.2-p11.4 region of chromosome X. They are not expressed in normal tissues, except in testis, but a large proportion of tumors of various histological origins express at least one of these genes. Treatment of normal and tumor cultured cells with a demethylating agent, azadeoxycytidine, resulted in the transcriptional activation of GAGE genes, suggesting that their expression in tumors results from a demethylation process.
Triggered Single Photons from a Quantum Dot (2001)

We demonstrate a new method for generating triggered single photons. After a laser pulse generates excitons inside a single quantum dot, electrostatic interactions between them and the resulting spectral shifts allow a single emitted photon to be isolated. Correlation measurements show a reduction of the two-photon probability to 0.12 times the value for Poisson light. Strong antibunching persists when the emission is saturated. The emitted photons are also polarized.
Union and Division using Technique in Fingerprint Recognition Identification System (2007)

Fingerprint Recognition System is made up of Off-line treatment and On-line treatment; the one is registering all the information of there trieving features which are retrieved in the digitalized fingerprint getting out of the analog fingerprint through the fingerprint acquisition device and the other is the treatment making the decision whether the users are approved to be accessed to the system or not with matching them with the fingerprint features which are retrieved and database from the input fingerprint when the users are approaching the system to use. In matching between On-line and Off-line treatment, the most important thing is which features we are going to use as the standard. Therefore, we have been using Delta and Core as this standard until now, but there might have been some deficits not to exist in every person when we set them up as the standards. In order to handle the users who do not have those features, we are still using the matching method which enables us to make up of the spanning tree or the triangulation with the relations of the spanned feature. However, there are some overheads of the time on these methods and it is not sure whether they make the correct matching or not. In this paper, introduces a new data structure, called Union and Division, representing binary fingerprint image. Minutiae detecting procedure using Union and Division takes, on the average, 32% of the consuming time taken by a minutiae detecting procedure without using Union and Division.
DNA-binding protein associated with herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase (1985)

Purified preparations of herpes simplex virus type 2 DNA polymerase made by many different laboratories always contain at least two polypeptides. The major one, of about 150,000 molecular weight, has been associated with the polymerase activity. The second protein, of about 54,000 molecular weight, which we previously designated ICSP 34, 35, has now been purified. The purified protein has been used to prepare antisera (both polyclonal rabbit serum and monoclonal antibodies). These reagents have been used to characterize the protein, to demonstrate its quite distinct map location from that of the DNA polymerase on the herpes simplex virus genome, and to demonstrate the close association between the two polypeptides.
Resistance, Drug Failure, and Disease Progression (1994)

The clinical significance of the reduced in vitro susceptibility of HIV to antiretroviral agents has been difficult to elucidate for nucleoside analogs such as zidovudine. However, the virological significance of resistance to nevirapine and other HIV-1-specific reverse transcriptase inhibitors has been established. With antiretroviral therapy, disease progression is not equivalent to drug failure, which is not equivalent to drug resistance. Clinical disease progression is only indirectly linked to HIV replication. Drug resistance is complex, and combining drugs does not appear to delay emergence of resistant strains of HIV although it may affect the specific amino acid substitutions. Drug resistance does appear to contribute to drug failure. The clinical trial ACTG 116B/117 found that the duration of prior zidovudine therapy was not related to the relative benefit of switching to didanosine. Preliminary results of analysis of resistant strains of HIV isolated from ACTG 116B/117 patients revealed that the relative hazard of progression was about threefold higher for patients with high-level resistance to zidovudine, syncytium-inducing biological phenotype, and an AIDS diagnosis at baseline. This study showed clearly that acquisition of an HIV strain with high-level resistance to zidovudine was a poor prognostic factor. Although nevirapine resistance emerges rapidly, preliminary data suggest that high dosages may be active against HIV even in the presence of resistant HIV strains. At the present time, viral resistance and biological phenotype are not useful in the management of individual patients.
<title>Three-axis strain and temperature fiber optic grating sensor</title> (1996)

For many applications it would be highly desirable to be able to measure all three axes of strain and temperature internal to composite materials. Conventional electrical strain gauges are undesirable to embed into composite materials because of their size, conductive nature, susceptibility to electromagnetic interference, incompatibility with the host material and temperature limitations. All of the tests done to date with single element fiber sensors have been limited to the measurement of strain in the in plane dimension. This paper describes an innovative fiber sensor based on dual overlaid fiber gratings on short lengths of birefringent polarization preserving fiber that allows three axes of strain and temperature to be measured at a single point.
Acute Phase Proteins as Cancer Biomarkers (2011)

Interactions between tumor cells and the host microenvironment have been shown to play a significant role in the initiation, progression, and invasiveness of human cancer. The complex changes in the tumor microenvironment have been shown to modulate the activation of the different arms of the host immune system including the acute phase response. Acute phase changes are mediated by several serum proteins [acute phase proteins (APP)] whose concentrations may increase (positive APP) or decrease (negative APP) as a result of varied clinical conditions, including cancer. To date, a body of evidence suggests APP may have a profound impact on cancer growth and appear to court a protective immune response by co-opting the body’s innate immune system. In this review, we discuss the impact of the host tumor response in relation to acute phase proteins and examine literature characterizing APP as helpful cancer biomarkers. Insights gained into the mechanism of action of acute-phase reactants towards malignancy and how they are induced could be exploited for the future development of more specific and targeted cancer biomarker strategies.
New heteroaromatic compounds. XXVII. Boron-11 chemical shifts of some heteroaromatic boron compounds (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew heteroaromatic compounds. XXVII. Boron-11 chemical shifts of some heteroaromatic boron compoundsFranklin Arnold Davis, Michael J. S. Dewar, and Richard JonesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 3, 706–708Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01005a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01005a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views394Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Eicosapentaenoic acid reduces hepatic synthesis and secretion of triacylglycerol by decreasing the activity of acyl-coenzyme A:1,2-diacylglycerol acyltransferase (1988)

The mechanism for the reduced hepatic production of triacylglycerol in the presence of eicosapentaenoic acid was explored in short-term experiments using cultured parenchymal cells and microsomes from rat liver. Oleic, palmitic, stearic, and linoleic acids were the most potent stimulators of triacyl[3H]glycerol synthesis and secretion by hepatocytes, whereas erucic, alpha-linolenic, gamma-linolenic, arachidonic, docosahexaenoic, and eicosapentaenoic acids (in decreasing order) were less stimulatory. There was a linear correlation (r = 0.85, P less than 0.01) between synthesis and secretion of triacyl[3H]glycerol for the fatty acids examined. The extreme and opposite effects of eicosapentaenoic and oleic acids on triacylglycerol metabolism were studied in more detail. With increasing number of free fatty acid molecules bound per molecule of albumin, the rate of synthesis and secretion of triacyl[3H]glycerol increased, most markedly for oleic acid. Cellular uptake of the two fatty acids was similar, but more free eicosapentaenoic acid accumulated intracellularly. Eicosapentaenoic acid caused higher incorporation of [3H]water into phospholipid and lower incorporation into triacylglycerol and cholesteryl ester as compared to oleic acid. No difference was observed between the fatty acids on incorporation into cellular free fatty acids, monoacylglycerol and diacylglycerol. The amount of some 16- and 18-carbon fatty acids in triacylglycerol was significantly higher in the presence of oleic acid compared with eicosapentaenoic acid. Rat liver microsomes in the presence of added 1,2-dioleoyl-glycerol incorporated eicosapentaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoyl-CoA into triacylglycerol to a lesser extent than oleic acid and its CoA derivative. Decreased formation of triacylglycerol was also observed when eicosapentaenoyl-CoA was given together with oleoyl-CoA, whereas palmitoyl-CoA, stearoyl-CoA, linoleoyl-CoA, linolenoyl-CoA, and arachi-donoyl-CoA had no inhibitory effect. In conclusion, inhibition of acyl-CoA:1,2-diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.20) by eicosapentaenoic acid may be important for reduced synthesis and secretion of triacylglycerol from the liver.