gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and dosimetry of specific and control radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies in patients with primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. (1995)

The pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and dosimetry of an IgG1 radiolabeled anti-mucin mAb (HMFG1) and an isotype-matched control (4D513) were studied in 29 patients with primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Patients were given injections at 3 fixed time points prior to surgery, i.e., 24 (n = 12), 48 (n = 9), or 72 (n = 8) h. They were subsequently classified into two groups based on their immunohistochemical positivity for polymorphic epithelial mucin. Fourteen patients (48%) were positive, 5 of which were studied with both antibodies; and 15 patients were negative (52%), 7 of which were studied with both antibodies. There was no significant difference in serum pharmacokinetics and cumulative urinary clearance of the two antibodies. There was no significant difference in overall normal tissue uptake of specific and control antibody; however, when each component of the normal tissue category was analyzed individually, there was a significantly increased uptake of HMFG1 in mucosa as compared to control antibody. Immunohistochemical studies revealed positive staining of mucosa with HMFG1. There was significantly increased uptake of specific antibody in antigen-positive tumors as compared to uptake of control antibody (P < 0.02). A tendency for less label loss over time from positive tumors as compared to control was documented. Absolute antibody uptake and tumor/normal tissue ratios demonstrated significant overlap in individual patients from each category depending on the specific ratio (e.g., tumor/adipose tissue) or time point studied; hence arbitrary cutoff values could not be recommended as indicators of specific uptake. Specificity and localization indices were the most reproducible indicators of specific localization. Areas under the curve were calculated for all tissues, and local dosimetry for the two beta-emitting isotopes 131I and 90Y is presented. The Deq values for antigen-positive tumors were 2.9 cGy/mCi for 131I and 9.0 cGy/mCi injected for 90Y. For antigen-negative tumors these values were significantly lower at 0.83 and 2.4 cGy/mCi of 131I and 90Y, respectively. Bone marrow Deq was calculated to be 0.87 cGy/mCi of 131I-HMFG1 injected. Because the purpose of our ongoing research is to assess the therapeutic potential of the combination of radiolabeled antibody and external radiotherapy, detailed dose calculation to local dose-limiting tissues is required. Deq to mucosa was calculated to be 1.1 and 3.8 cGy/mCi of injected 131I and 90Y, respectively. We conclude that a 9-10-Gy dose increment may be achieved in two administrations of 150 mCi of 131I-HMFG1 during a course of external radiotherapy. This may lead to improved control of local disease in patients with head and neck cancer.
Application of Phi29 DNA polymerase mediated whole genome amplification on single spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (2004)

Genetic analysis of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi relies on analysis of single spores. The low DNA content makes it difficult to perform large scale molecular analysis. We present the application of Phi29 DNA polymerase mediated strand displacement amplification (SDA) to genomic DNA extracted from single spores of Glomus and Gigaspora species to address this problem. The genome coverage of the SDA process was evaluated by PCR amplification of the beta-tubulin1 gene and part of the rDNA cluster present in AM fungi. The fidelity of SDA was evaluated further by sequencing the Glomus intraradices ITS1 variants to detect the four ITS1 variants previously identified for this fungus.
Current recommended 25-hydroxyvitamin D targets for chronic kidney disease management may be too low (2015)

We found evidence for an optimal level of 25-D above which suppression of PTH progressively diminishes. This level is more than twice that currently recommended for the general population. We found no association between these higher 25-D levels and hyperphosphatemia or hypercalcemia. Additional prospective trials seem appropriate to test the idea that 25-D levels around 40-50 ng/ml could be a safe and effective treatment target for secondary hyperparathyroidism in CKD.
Fewer Intraperitoneal Adhesions With Use of Hyaluronic Acid–Carboxymethylcellulose Membrane (2002)

Seprafilm antiadhesions membrane appears effective in reducing the severity of postoperative adhesions after major abdominal surgery, although the incidence of adhesions was not diminished. The authors recommend using Seprafilm when relaparotomy or second-look intervention is planned. Long-term studies are needed to assess the cost-effectiveness and value of Seprafilm in preventing bowel obstruction, chronic abdominal pain, and infertility.
The use of heparin as a simple cost-effective means of controlling background In nudeic acid hybridization procedures (1984)

The use of heparin as a simple, effective and cheap substitute for conventional methods of controlling background in hybridization procedures is described and illustrated with reference to the use of DNA probes in filter and in situ hybridization. Possible specific mechanisms for this heparin effect are discussed.
Dislocation-Driven Nanowire Growth and Eshelby Twist (2008)

Hierarchical nanostructures of lead sulfide nanowires resembling pine trees were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition. Structural characterization revealed a screwlike dislocation in the nanowire trunks with helically rotating epitaxial branch nanowires. It is suggested that the screw component of an axial dislocation provides the self-perpetuating steps to enable one-dimensional crystal growth, in contrast to mechanisms that require metal catalysts. The rotating trunks and branches are the consequence of the Eshelby twist of screw dislocations with a dislocation Burgers vector along the 110 directions having an estimated magnitude of 6 +/- 2 angstroms for the screw component. The results confirm the Eshelby theory of dislocations, and the proposed nanowire growth mechanism could be general to many materials.
Engineering botulinum neurotoxin to extend therapeutic intervention (2009)

Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are effective therapeutics for a variety of neurological disorders, such as strabismus, blepharospam, hemificial spasm, and cervical dystonia, because of the toxin's tropism for neurons and specific cleavage of neuronal soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein-attachment protein receptors (SNARE) proteins. Modifying BoNT to bind nonneuronal cells has been attempted to extend therapeutic applications. However, prerequisite to develop nonneuronal therapies requires the retargeting the catalytic activity of BoNTs to nonneuronal SNARE isoforms. Here, we reported the engineering of a BoNT derivative that cleaves SNAP23, a nonneuronal SNARE protein. SNAP23 mediates vesicle-plasma membrane fusion processes, including secretion of airway mucus, antibody, insulin, gastric acids, and ions. This mutated BoNT/E light chain LC/E(K(224)D) showed extended substrate specificity to cleave SNAP23, and the natural substrate, SNAP25, but not SNAP29 or SNAP47. Upon direct protein delivery into cultured human epithelial cells, LC/E(K(224)D) cleaved endogenous SNAP23, which inhibited secretion of mucin and IL-8. These studies show the feasibility of genetically modifying LCs to target a nonneuronal SNARE protein that extends therapeutic potential for treatment of human hypersecretion diseases.
Non‐destructive clinical assessment of occlusal caries lesions using near‐IR imaging methods (2011)

This study demonstrates that both NIR transillumination and OCT are promising new methods for the clinical diagnosis of occlusal caries.
A Novel, Live-Attenuated Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vector Displaying Conformationally Intact, Functional HIV-1 Envelope Trimers That Elicits Potent Cellular and Humoral Responses in Mice (2014)

Though vaccination with live-attenuated SIV provides the greatest protection from progressive disease caused by SIV challenge in rhesus macaques, attenuated HIV presents safety concerns as a vaccine; therefore, live viral vectors carrying HIV immunogens must be considered. We have designed a replication-competent vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) displaying immunogenic HIV-1 Env trimers and attenuating quantities of the native surface glycoprotein (G). The clade B Env immunogen is an Env-VSV G hybrid (EnvG) in which the transmembrane and cytoplasmic tail regions are derived from G. Relocation of the G gene to the 5'terminus of the genome and insertion of EnvG into the natural G position induced a ∼1 log reduction in surface G, significant growth attenuation compared to wild-type, and incorporation of abundant EnvG. Western blot analysis indicated that ∼75% of incorporated EnvG was a mature proteolytically processed form. Flow cytometry showed that surface EnvG bound various conformationally- and trimer-specific antibodies (Abs), and in-vitro growth assays on CD4+CCR5+ cells demonstrated EnvG functionality. Neither intranasal (IN) or intramuscular (IM) administration in mice induced any observable pathology and all regimens tested generated potent Env-specific ELISA titers of 10(4)-10(5), with an IM VSV prime/IN VSV boost regimen eliciting the highest binding and neutralizing Ab titers. Significant quantities of Env-specific CD4+ T cells were also detected, which were augmented as much as 70-fold by priming with IM electroporated plasmids encoding EnvG and IL-12. These data suggest that our novel vector can achieve balanced safety and immunogenicity and should be considered as an HIV vaccine platform.
An improved random forest classifier for image classification (2012)

This paper proposes an improved random forest algorithm for image classification. This algorithm is particularly designed for analyzing very high dimensional data with multiple classes whose well-known representative data is image data. A novel feature weighting method and tree selection method are developed and synergistically served for making random forest framework well suited to classify image data with a large number of object categories. With the new feature weighting method for subspace sampling and tree selection method, we can effectively reduce subspace size and improve classification performance without increasing error bound. Experimental results on image datasets with diverse characteristics have demonstrated that the proposed method could generate a random forest model with higher performance than the random forests generated by Breiman's method.
Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology:Janus kinase inhibitors: Mechanisms of action (2014)

The Janus kinase family of enzymes are associated with cytokine receptors on the surface of cells. They are part of the Signal Transducer and Activation of Transcription pathway which is involved in inflammatory and immune responses.
Diet-induced hypercholesterolemia enhances brain Aβ accumulation in transgenic mice (2002)

Epidemiological data show correlations between hypercholesterolemia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We test the hypothesis that hypercholesterolemia modulates Abeta deposition in mice overexpressing the human APP695 Swedish mutation (K670N and M671L) (TgAPPsw). Feeding mice a high fat/high cholesterol (HFHC) diet for 7-10 months increased total cholesterol levels by 4-fold. The extent of Abeta immunostained plaque-like deposits were significantly higher for mice fed the HFHC diet as compared with mice fed rodent chow. Extent of deposits correlated inversely with plasma levels of HDL and directly to apolipoprotein E. Overall, plasma lipoproteins may be an important factor in induction of AD-like plaques in mice. The lowering of plasma lipids may be therapeutic for AD patients.
Interference of humic acids and DNA extracted directly from soil in detection and transformation of recombinant DNA from bacteria and a yeast (1993)

A two-step protocol for the extraction and purification of total DNA from soil samples was developed. Crude DNA extracts (100 microliters from 5 g of soil) were contaminated with humic acids at concentrations of 0.7 to 3.3 micrograms/microliters, depending on the type of soil extracted. The coextracted humic acid fraction of a clay silt was similar to a commercially available standard humic acid mixture, as determined by electrophoretic mobility in agarose gels, UV fluorescence, and inhibition assays with DNA-transforming enzymes. Restriction endonucleases were inhibited at humic acid concentrations of 0.5 to 17.2 micrograms/ml for the commercial product and 0.8 to 51.7 micrograms/ml for the coextracted humic acids. DNase I was less susceptible (MIC of standard humic acids, 912 micrograms/ml), and RNase could not be inhibited at all (MIC, > 7.6 mg/ml). High inhibitory susceptibilities for humic acids were observed with Taq polymerase. For three Taq polymerases from different commercial sources, MICs were 0.08 to 0.64 micrograms of the standard humic acids per ml and 0.24 to 0.48 micrograms of the coextracted humic acids per ml. The addition of T4 gene 32 protein increased the MIC for one Taq polymerase to 5.12 micrograms/ml. Humic acids decreased nonradioactive detection in DNA-DNA slot blot hybridizations at amounts of 0.1 micrograms and inhibited transformation of competent Escherichia coli HB101 with a broad-host-range plasmid, pUN1, at concentrations of 100 micrograms/ml. Purification of crude DNA with ion-exchange chromatography resulted in removal of 97% of the initially coextracted humic acids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Function and form in the developing cardiovascular system (2011)

Function of the developing heart is dictated by changes in its morphology. For simplicity, we distinguish four stages with different contraction mechanics and conduction parameters. Straight or looped tubular hearts, similar to those of invertebrates such as Drosophila or Ciona, operate as suction pumps and are characterized by a caudally localized pacemaker and slow, peristaltoid conduction and contraction. There is a complete occlusion of the lumen during systole. When the atrial and ventricular chambers appear, the preseptation heart is in many functional aspects similar to the adult heart, but the same function is achieved by different means. There are parallels in design among the hearts of lower vertebrates, such as a spongy ventricle without coronary vasculature and a myocardial atrioventricular canal. Even after septation, considerable maturation of cardiac morphology and function occurs during the foetal and early postnatal period.
Induction and Inhibition of Innate Inflammatory Responses by Adenovirus Early Region Proteins (2005)

First-generation adenovirus (Ad) gene therapy vectors deleted for the E1A, E1B, and E3 regions and carrying foreign genes under the control of strong foreign promoters induce high-level innate inflammatory responses within the first 24 hrs after transduction. Both uptake of the capsid and expression of gene products encoded by the vector contribute to the innate inflammatory response. Natural infections by Ad are frequently asymptomatic, suggesting that Ad has potent methods of inhibiting inflammation. The inability of Ad vectors to counter inflammatory responses suggests that the products of the Ad genes deleted in vector construction play critical roles in inhibiting these responses. Genetic analysis of the roles of Ad early region gene functions in vivo demonstrated that a virus made replication-incompetent by deletion of the preterminal protein gene and deleted for the transcriptional activation function of E1A effectively inhibits the innate inflammatory processes induced by Ad vectors. The mechanism(s) by which the Ad early region proteins inhibit inflammation is complex, as certain early region proteins can promote as well as inhibit inflammation, depending on the genetic context of the virus. Understanding of the roles of the Ad gene products in the induction and inhibition of innate inflammatory functions offers potential for the development of non-inflammatory vectors as well as for understanding of the mechanisms by which inflammation is regulated.
The Stereochemistry of the Lithium-Ammonia Reduction of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Stereochemistry of the Lithium-Ammonia Reduction of α,β-Unsaturated KetonesGilbert. Stork and S. D. DarlingCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 9, 1761–1768Publication Date (Print):May 5, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 5 May 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01063a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01063a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views912Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
GaAs-AlGaAs tunnel junctions for multigap cascade solar cells (1982)

The growth and characterization of tunneling GaAs homojunctions and GaAs-AlGaAs heterojunctions by molecular beam epitaxy for use as optically transparent interconnects in GaAs and AlGaAs solar cells is described. GaAs tunneling interconnects have been achieved with conductances of 300 A/cm2-V at 0.050 V, and p-AlxGa1−x As/n-GaAs heterojunction structures with x up to 0.4 have been grown which have characteristics comparable to GaAs interconnects. Thin interconnects, 1000 Å total thickness, have also been fabricated with conductances comparable to thicker junctions. The effect of dopant diffusion was found to be minimal at the 580 °C junction growth temperature, but annealing these tunnel junctions at 650 °C for several minutes caused diffusion of about 100 Å distance.
In Situ Fluorescence Imaging of Myelination (2010)

We describe a novel fluorescent dye, 3-(4-aminophenyl)-2 H-chromen-2-one (termed case myelin compound or CMC), that can be used for in situ fluorescent imaging of myelin in the vertebrate nervous system. When administered via intravenous injection into the tail vein, CMC selectively stained large bundles of myelinated fibers in both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). In the CNS, CMC readily entered the brain and selectively localized in myelinated regions such as the corpus callosum and cerebellum. CMC also selectively stained myelinated nerves in the PNS. The staining patterns of CMC in a hypermyelinated mouse model were consistent with immunohistochemical staining. Similar to immunohistochemical staining, CMC selectively bound to myelin sheaths present in the white matter tracts. Unlike CMC, conventional antibody staining for myelin basic protein also stained oligodendrocyte cytoplasm in the striatum as well as granule layers in the cerebellum. In vivo application of CMC was also demonstrated by fluorescence imaging of myelinated nerves in the PNS.
Attachment of Moraxella catarrhalis to pharyngeal epithelial cells is mediated by a glycosphingolipid receptor (1996)

Moraxella catarrhalis is one of the major pathogens of respiratory infections and has the ability to attach to the pharyngeal cells via fimbriae. We characterized the epithelial cell receptor to which fimbriate M. catarrhalis binds. Neuraminidase pretreatment of pharyngeal epithelial cells resulted in a significant decrease of M. catarrhalis attachment, suggesting interaction with the sialic acid component. The attachment was not decreased in M. catarrhalis pretreated with 2 and 1 mg/ml of fucose, N-acetyl-neuraminic acid, N-acetyl-glucosamine, N-acetyl-galactosamine, acetyl-salicylic acid and colominic acid. However, M. catarrhalis treated with gangliosides M1, M2, D1a, D1b and T1a at a concentration of 2.5 µg/ml had significantly decreased the attachment compared to the control. In contrast treatment with gangliosides M3 and asialoganglioside M1 did not decrease the attachment of M. catarrhalis and thereby provided evidence for specificity of the inhibition. Concentration dependent effects of ganglioside M2 on the attachment were also observed. Other fimbriate isolates of M. catarrhalis showed decrease in attachment after treatment with ganglioside M2. However there was no effect on attachment when a nonfimbriate isolate was treated with ganglioside M2. This study indicates that the receptor of fimbriate M. catarrhalis on pharyngeal epithelial cells resides in the sequences of ganglioside M2.
Classification and differential diagnosis of atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (2005)

Recent evidence on atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia has identified several types of this common arrhythmia, with potential therapeutic implications. This article reviews the relevant new information, discusses the differential diagnosis of atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia, and summarizes the electrophysiological criteria for classification of the various forms of the arrhythmia.
Transition of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes from Metallic to Semiconducting in Field-Effect Transistors by Hydrogen Plasma Treatment (2007)

We report hydrogen plasma treatment results on converting the metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes to semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes. We found that the as-grown single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) can be sorted as three groups which behave as metallic, as-metallic, and semiconducting SWNTs. These three groups have different changes under hydrogen plasma treatment and successive annealing process. The SWNTs can be easily hydrogenated in the hydrogen plasma environment and the as-metallic SWNTs can be transformed to semiconducting SWNTs. The successive annealing process can break the C-H bond, so the conversion is reversible.
Extended-release oral capsule of carbidopa–levodopa in Parkinson disease (2017)

Motor fluctuations complicate the treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease receiving levodopa. Extended-release carbidopa-levodopa has a pharmacokinetic profile that provides a more continuous levodopa serum concentration. Patients taking this formulation can expect longer duration of action and fewer doses per day, similar clinical improvement when compared to other levodopa formulations, and with a theoretically lower risk of developing motor fluctuations. Several studies, including three randomized control trials provide evidence for the efficacy, safety and tolerability of extended release carbidopa-levodopa in patients with both early and advanced Parkinson's disease are reviewed here. Also provided is guidance for dosing of and conversion to extended release carbidopa-levodopa as well as a discussion of its place in the clinical practice.