gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NSAIDS in Dermatologic Therapy: Review and Preview (2002)

Background: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been an important therapy in the treatment of a large number of cutaneous pathologies for more than three decades. Objective: In this retrospective review, we document the use of NSAIDs in more than 15 common and uncommon dermatoses, including acne, psoriasis, sunburn, erythema nodosum, cryoglobulinemia, Sweet's syndrome, systemic mastocytosis, as well as urticarial, livedoid, and nodular vasculitis. NSAIDs act mainly by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis by the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. Conclusion: Recent studies link prostaglandin to cutaneous carcinogenesis, thus expanding the dermatologic use of NSAIDs. They may be effective in the treatment and prevention of non-melanoma skin cancer, and specific COX-2 inhibitors promise safer, broader, long-term use of these pharmacologically innovative drugs. Antécédents: Depuis plus de trois décennies, les anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens (AINS) ont joué un rôle important dans le traitement de nombreuses dermatoses. Objectifs: Dans cette étude rétrospective, nous documentons l'usage d'AINS dans plus de 15 dermatoses fréquentes et peu fréquentes, notamment l'acné, le psoriasis, les coups de soleil, l'érythème noueux, la cryglobulinémie, le syndrome de Sweet, la mastocytose systémique ainsi que les vascularites urticariens, livédoïdes et nodulaires. Les AINS agissent principalement en inhibant la synthèse des prostaglandines par les voies d'accès de la cyclooxygénase. Conclusion: Des études récentes ont lié la prostaglandine a la carinogenèse cutanée, élargissant ainsi l'usage des AINS en dermatologie. Les AINS peuvent être efficaces dans la prévention et le traitement des cancers de la peau bénins. Les inhibiteurs de COX-2 promettent de produire des médicaments innovateurs plus sûrs, à usage plus étendu, à plus.
SSRI Efficacy—Finding the Right Dose (2002)

The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of effective, well-tolerated antidepressants. They have a number of benefits compared with the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) including improved safety in overdose, reduced side-effect burden, and uncomplicated dosing regimens. To avoid the potential for troublesome side effects with TCAs, doses should be gradually increased over several weeks. Dose titration can be associated with several drawbacks such as patients discontinuing therapy due to a prolonged time to therapeutic response, additional visits to a prescribing healthcare provider, or additional hospitalizations. In contrast, the SSRIs typically do not require dose titration since many patients find the initial dose effective. The ability to prescribe an initial optimum therapeutic dose while avoiding dose-related side effects is important in the treatment of major depression. With this in mind, the authors consider the recommended dose ranges for the five SSRIs: citalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and sertraline.
Esprit de corps of the medical group. (1989)

Esprit de corps may be simply defined as morale. The purpose of this paper will be to advance the importance of the group spirit to the overall successful operation of a medical group organization, to encourage recognition of the group spirit and to consider the ways it may be developed, changed, revitalized and nurtured.
Deoxyoligonucleotides with Inverted Polarity Synthesis and Use in Triple-Helix Formation (1991)

Abstract Deoxyoligonucleotides with inverted polarity (containing a 3′-3′ junction) are described. The ability of these oligonucleotides to bind to duplex DNA utilizing various linker elements is discussed.
Antibacterial activity of phosphono dipeptides based on 1-amino-1-methylethanephosphonic acid (1990)

Phosphono dipeptides containing 1-amino-1-methylethanephosphonic acid (phosphonic acid analogue of alpha-methylalanine, MeAlaP) and glycine, alanine, valine, leucine phenylalanine, proline, methionine or lysine as N- terminal component were synthesized in order to determine their antibacterial properties. Peptides containing alanine, leucine, valine phenylalanine and methionine showed marked in vitro activity, especially against Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens strains. There were, however, generally less potent than the respective phosphono dipeptides based on 1-aminoethanephosphonic acid (phosphonic acid analogue of alanine, AlaP). The possible mechanism of action of the peptides of MeAlaP involves their active transport into the bacterial cell, followed by intracellular release of MeAlaP, which most likely inhibits alanine racemase, a key enzyme in peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Studies on the uptake of AlaMeAlaP and LeuMeAlaP by Escherichia coli mutants defective in the oligopeptide permease suggest that these peptides are not transported by the oligopeptide transport system.
Vitamin C for Preventing and Treating the Common Cold (2005)

Whether vitamin C has an effect on the common cold has been a subject of controversy for at least 60 years. What does the evidence show?
IMMUNIZATION OF DISSOCIATED SPLEEN CELL CULTURES FROM NORMAL MICE (1967)

A culture system for cell suspensions from mouse spleens has been described. The system provides adequate conditions for in vitro immunization on initial exposure to heterologous erythrocytes. The in vitro response closely parallels that observed in vivo with respect to size, early kinetics, antigen dose, and the inhibitory effect of passive antibody. The response of cultured cells differs in two respects from that seen in vivo. There is an increase in the ability to discriminate between different varieties of homologous erythrocytes and the in vitro response does not appear to be limited by whatever mechanisms regulate the in vivo response.
Wideband flat dipole and short-circuit microstrip patch elements and arrays (1989)

This chapter comprises of two sections. Section 7.1 discusses a flat dipole which is a widebandwidth hybrid radiating source, originated and developed in, France, and used in flat arrays having several hundred or more of such elements. Its low radiation resistance is advantageously matched to the characteristic resistance of the stripline used to feed it. In each array, spurious radiation is avoided because the feed network is completely shielded. Section 7.2 describes the short-circuited patch acting at quarter-wave resonance. Its large beamwidth in the E-plane and weak coupling in the //-plane are characteristics particularly suitable for use in microstrip-phased arrays with beam steering over a large angular sector. Because of their small thickness compared with wavelength they can be used with advantage in flat arrays having omnidirectional radiation or a directional deflected beam. These two radiating dipoles are studied theoretic ally by means of models which are equivalent to several lossy coupled trans mission lines operating in the quasi-transverse electromagnetic mode.
Exceptionally long CDR3H region with multiple cysteine residues in functional bovine IgM antibodies (1999)

We analyzed VDJ and VJ rearrangements in IgM-secreting B lymphocytes from a cow infected with bovine leukemia virus (BLV). BLV causes expansion of CD5(+) and IgM(+) B lymphocytes regardless of antigen specificity. The data showed that single point mutations contribute to the diversification of IgM antibodies. The most striking observation, however, is that approximately 9% of theVDJ rearrangement in IgM-secreting B cells encode an exceptionally long third complementarity-determining region of the heavy chain (CDR3H; 56 to 61 amino acids) with multiple cysteine residues. Such an exceptionally long CDR3H is the first ever to be documented for an antibody in a species. These VDJ rearrangements encode functional IgM antibodies as some of these show polyspecific reactivity. The presence of even-numbered cysteine residues in the CDR3H may provide hitherto unknown configurational ability to the antigen combining site via intra-CDR3H disulfide bridging. In addition, the VDJ rearrangements encoding exceptionally long CDR3H paired with either novel V(lambda)1 or V(x)1x genes, earlier noted not to be expressed. Overall, these experiments provide evidence that somatic hypermutations and generation of an exceptionally long CDR3H contribute to the diversification of IgM antibodies in cattle.
Good Question! Statistical Ranking for Question Generation (2018)

We address the challenge of automatically generating questions from reading materials for educational practice and assessment. Our approach is to overgenerate questions, then rank them. We use manually written rules to perform a sequence of general purpose syntactic transformations (e.g., subject-auxiliary inversion) to turn declarative sentences into questions. These questions are then ranked by a logistic regression model trained on a small, tailored dataset consisting of labeled output from our system. Experimental results show that ranking nearly doubles the percentage of questions rated as acceptable by annotators, from 27% of all questions to 52% of the top ranked 20% of questions.
Human Class I Supertypes and CTL Repertoires Extend to Chimpanzees (1998)

Using an in vitro peptide stimulation strategy, two chimpanzees that were acutely infected by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) produced peripheral blood CTL responses to several HBV-encoded epitopes that are known to be recognized by class I-restricted CTL in acutely infected humans. One animal responded to three HBV peptides that, in humans, are restricted by HLA-A2; the other animal responded to three peptides that are restricted by HLA-B35 and HLA-B51, members of the HLA-B7 supertype in man. The peptides recognized by each chimp corresponded with the ability of its class I molecules to bind peptides containing the HLA-A2 and HLA-B7 supermotifs. Similar, apparently class I-restricted CTL responses to some of these peptides were also detected in occasional HBV-uninfected chimps. These results demonstrate that the CTL repertoire overlaps in humans and chimps and that the HLA-A2 and HLA-B7 supertypes extend to the chimpanzee. Based on these results, the immunogenicity and efficacy of vaccines designed to induce CTL responses to human HLA-restricted viral epitopes may be testable in chimpanzees.
Transformation Potential of Ras Isoforms Correlates with Activation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase but Not ERK (2004)

The Ras oncoproteins activate the Raf-MEK-ERK kinase pathway, which plays an important role in cellular transformation. We observed that H-RasV12 exhibited a higher transforming potential than either K-RasV12 or N-RasV12 in both NIH3T3 fibroblasts and RIE-1 rat epithelial cell cultures. Surprisingly N-Ras and K-Ras were more potent than H-Ras in activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activity and ternary complex factor-dependent transcription. In contrast, H-Ras was more effective in activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and AKT. Co-expression of constitutively active AKT, a downstream target of PI3K, cooperated with H-RasV12, K-RasV12, or N-RasV12 in transformation. Furthermore co-expression of the constitutively active MEK and AKT resulted in focus formation, while neither active MEK1 nor active AKT alone transformed NIH3T3 cells. Our data demonstrated that the transforming potential of Ras was not directly correlated with the ability of Ras to activate the MAP kinase cascade. In contrast, the ability to activate PI3K and AKT correlated with the ability of Ras to induce cellular transformation, suggesting an important role of PI3K-AKT in cellular transformation. Our data also demonstrated that, under these assay conditions, activation of the MAP kinase cascade was not sufficient to induce NIH3T3 cell transformation.
Is Persistent Ketamine Use a Valid Model of the Cognitive and Oculomotor Deficits in Schizophrenia? (2008)

Problems inhibiting reflexive eye movements may be a consequence of repeated ketamine self-administration. The absence of any other oculomotor or cognitive deficit present in schizophrenia suggests that chronic self-administration of ketamine may not be a good model of these aspects of the disorder.
Oxidative protein folding in eukaryotes (2004)

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) provides an environment that is highly optimized for oxidative protein folding. Rather than relying on small molecule oxidants like glutathione, it is now clear that disulfide formation is driven by a protein relay involving Ero1, a novel conserved FAD-dependent enzyme, and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI); Ero1 is oxidized by molecular oxygen and in turn acts as a specific oxidant of PDI, which then directly oxidizes disulfide bonds in folding proteins. While providing a robust driving force for disulfide formation, the use of molecular oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor can lead to oxidative stress through the production of reactive oxygen species and oxidized glutathione. How Ero1p distinguishes between the many different PDI-related proteins and how the cell minimizes the effects of oxidative damage from Ero1 remain important open questions.
NO-synthase and nitrite-reductase components of nitric oxide cycle. (1998)

On the basis of our own experimental data and analysis of data from the literature the existence of nitric oxide cycle in mammals is substantiated. Two components underlie the nitric oxide cycle: 1) the reaction catalyzed by NO-synthases (constitutive, inducible, and endothelial--NOS-I, -II, and -III); and 2) the nitrite-reductase reactions catalyzed by electron-donor systems with the participation of NADH, NADPH, flavoproteins, and heme-containing proteins. In mammalian cells NO is enzymatically formed from terminal guanidine nitrogen of L-arginine by a family of at least three distinct NOS isoenzymes. As a result of nonenzymatic/enzymatic NO oxidation, NO2- and NO3- ions are formed: L-Arg --> NO --> NO2-/NO3-. The reduction of NO2- ions to NO occurs via the nitrite-reductasereaction: NO2- + e- --> NO. The reduction of NO2- ions to NO is realized by electron-donor systems with the participation of NADH, NADPH, flavoproteins, and cytochrome oxidase in mitochondria and by NADH, NADPH, flavoproteins, and cytochrome P-450 in endoplasmic reticulum. In erythrocytes the reduction of NO2- ions to NO is catalyzed by electron-donor systems with participation of NADH, NADPH, flavoproteins, and deoxy-hemoglobin. The role of ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione should be noted among low-molecular-weight compounds. Thus, the presence of the nitric oxide cycle provides the cyclic transformation as follows: L-arginine --> NO --> NO2-/NO3- --> NO.
4'-Substituted nucleosides. 5. Hydroxymethylation of nucleoside 5'-aldehydes (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT4'-Substituted nucleosides. 5. Hydroxymethylation of nucleoside 5'-aldehydesGordon H. Jones, Masao Taniguchi, Derek Tegg, and John G. MoffattCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 8, 1309–1317Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01322a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01322a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1052Altmetric-Citations98LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multiple EBNA1-binding sites are required to form an EBNA1-dependent enhancer and to activate a minimal replicative origin within oriP of Epstein-Barr virus (1989)

EBNA1 activates the EBV plasmid maintenance sequence oriP by binding to its two essential regions. One region is a family of 30-base-pair (bp) repeats and is activated by EBNA1 to act as a transcriptional enhancer. The other region contains a 65-bp dyad symmetry and lacks enhancer function. To explore the functional differences between the two regions, we determined oriP activities as functions of the number of 30-bp repeats and compared them with activities determined when tandem copies of the dyad symmetry region were used to replace the 30-bp repeats. Three conclusions have been drawn. (i) Activation of the 30-bp repeats by EBNA1 to enhance transcription or to permit plasmid maintenance is a highly cooperative process involving at least six or seven 30-bp repeats for full activity. (ii) Tandem copies of the dyad symmetry region cooperatively enhance transcription but are less effective than 30-bp repeats providing a similar number of EBNA1-binding sites. (iii) Tandem copies of the dyad symmetry region alone cooperatively activate replication, suggesting that the region contains the actual origin of replication. We also report that while rodent-derived cell lines do not support replication of EBV-derived plasmids they do permit EBNA1-dependent enhancer activity. EBV plasmid replication thus requires the interaction of EBNA1 or oriP with a host factor that is not required for enhancement of transcription.
Source-based nomenclature for copolymers (Recommendations 1985) (1985)

Abstract
Psychoacoustical aspects of synthesized vertical locale cues (1978)

A new method of studying vertical localization is described whereby the high-frequency response of the external ear is synthesized by a computer program incorporating two variable latency delay and add processes. The resulting sounds were evaluated by presentation to subjects via headphones which bypass the external ear. Vertical movement of the sound source was perceived when the latency of one echo was changed dynamically between 100 and 300 microsecond and this effect required the presence of high-frequency signal components (about around 4 kHz). In further experiments, the variation of perceived elevation with echo delay was measured, and it is shown that the vertical locale of the apparent source is a monotonic function of echo latency in the 160-260 microsecond region. It is proposed that locale is decoded by a form of spectral pattern recognition, whereby the locale of the source is represented as a peak on an autocorrelation function. The time-axis values (between 160 and 260 microsecond) corresponding to these peaks are considered to correspond to vertical locale for elevations between roughly, 60 degrees above horizontal and 40 degree below.
Radiation-induced anti-apoptotic response by Cdk1-mediated mitochondrial p53 phosphorylation (2010)

Tumor radioadaptive resistance during the course of radiation therapy presents a challenge for successful tumor control and potentially leads to tumor recurrence. Several genes and molecular mechanisms have been identified to be targets for tumor sensitization including p53, which has been consistently believed to induce cellular intrinsic apoptosis since approximately 50% of human cancers contain mutations in the p53 gene. Although the pro-apoptotic functions of p53 have been well defined in preventing genomic instability and cell transformation, recent studies have shown that p53 also contributes to a pro-survival advantage of tumor cells under DNA damage conditions. This fact has raised a critical question in radiation therapy for the remaining 50% human cancers with intact p53. This thesis explores the mitochondrial localization of the cell cycle regulator cyclin B1/Cdk1 and its regulation of mitochondrial p53 functions. Results demonstrate that under the stress of ionizing radiation mitochondrial translocation of cyclin B1/Cdk1 kinase is greatly enhanced which leads to the phosphorylation of mitochondrial p53 at Ser-315 residue. The phosphorylation not only inhibits the pro-apoptotic functions of p53 in mitochondria, but also provides mitochondrial integrity and subsequent anti-apoptotic response. These results present a unique nuclear-to-mitochondrial signal and raise a critical question of exploiting p53 to induce tumor apoptosis for the cure of cancer.
Pemetrexed combined with oxaliplatin in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (2012)

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pemetrexed combined with oxaliplatin in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer.Methods Forty patients with advanced colorectal cancer were divided into two groups.Twenty patients in the experiment group received pemetrexed combined with oxaliplatin and the other 20 patients in the control group received 5-Fu/LV combined with oxaliplatin regimen.The clinical efficacy and safety were observed in the two groups.Results RR and DCR The response rate and disease control rate were 40.0% and 80.0% in the experiment group and 30.0% and 70.0% in the control group.The differences were not statistically significant(P0.05).The incidence rates of nausea and vomiting,diarrhea and oral mucosal lesions were significantly lower in the experiment group than in the control group(P0.05).Conclusion Raltitrexed combined with L-OHP Pemetrexed combined with oxaliplatin regimen make patients has shorter hospital stay and obtain better efficacy than the conventional 5-Fu-based chemotherapy regimen,thus being recommended chemotherapy regimen for advanced colorectal cancer.pemetrexed combined with oxaliplatinraltitrexed combined with LOHP regimen.
Impairment of CD4+ cytotoxic T cells predicts poor survival and high recurrence rates in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (2012)

The progressive deficit in CD4(+) CTLs induced by increased FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells was correlated with poor survival and high recurrence rates in HCC patients. These data suggest that CD4(+) CTLs may represent both a potential prognostic marker and a therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
MOMP from Campylobacter jejuni Is a Trimer of 18-Stranded β-Barrel Monomers with a Ca 2+ Ion Bound at the Constriction Zone (2016)

The Gram-negative organism Campylobacter jejuni is the major cause of food poisoning. Unlike Escherichia coli, which has two major porins, OmpC and OmpF, C. jejuni has one, termed major outer membrane protein (MOMP) through which nutrients and antibiotics transit. We report the 2.1-Å crystal structure of C. jejuni MOMP expressed in E. coli and a lower resolution but otherwise identical structure purified directly from C. jejuni. The 2.1-Å resolution structure of recombinant MOMP showed that although the protein has timeric arrangement similar to OmpC, it is an 18-stranded, not 16-stranded, β-barrel. The structure has identified a Ca<sup>2+</sup> bound at the constriction zone, which is functionally significant as suggested by molecular dynamics and single-channel experiments. The water-filled channel of MOMP has a narrow constriction zone, and single-molecule studies show a monomeric conductivity of 0.7±0.2 nS and a trimeric conductance of 2.2±0.2 nS. The ion neutralizes negative charges at the constriction zone, reducing the transverse electric field and reversing ion selectivity. Modeling of the transit of ciprofloxacin, an antibiotic of choice for treating Campylobacter infection, through the pore of MOMP reveals a trajectory that is dependent upon the presence metal ion.