gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serum Surfactant Proteins A and D as Prognostic Factors in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Their Relationship to Disease Extent (2000)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, life-threatening, interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology. For optimal therapeutic management of IPF an accurate tool is required for discrimination between reversible and irreversible types of the disease. However, such noninvasive tools are few, and even with high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), which is the most trusted method for doing so, the nature of the disease activity in IPF cannot always be accurately predicted. The aims of the present study were to assess the values of surfactant protein (SP)-A and SP-D in semiquantifying the extent of disease in IPF and in predicting deterioration in restrictive pulmonary function and survival over a follow-up period of 3-yr. SP-A and SP-D in sera were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays as previously described. Fifty-two IPF patients were studied to evaluate the association between serum SP-A and SP-D and disease extent on HRCT, deterioration in pulmonary function, and survival during 3 yr of follow-up. Both SP-A and SP-D concentrations were significantly correlated with the extent of alveolitis (a reversible change), whereas they did not correlate with the progression of fibrosis (an irreversible change). The SP-D concentration, unlike that of SP-A, was also related to the extent of parenchymal collapse and the rate of deterioration per year in pulmonary function. The concentrations of SP-A and SP-D in patients who died within 3 yr were significantly higher than in patients who were still alive after 3 yr. We propose that assays of SP-A and SP-D in sera from IPF patients are useful tools for understanding some pathologic characteristics of the disease, that SP-D may be a good predictive indicator of the rate of decline in pulmonary function, and that a combination of the assays for SP-A and SP-D may be helpful in predicting the outcome of patients with IPF.
Selective Focusing of Catecholamines and Weakly Acidic Compounds by Capillary Electrophoresis Using a Dynamic pH Junction (2000)

A systematic study of selective analyte focusing in a multisection electrolyte system by capillary electrophoresis (CE) is presented. It was found that a dynamic pH junction between sample and background electrolyte zones can be used to focus zwitterionic catecholamines and weakly acidic compounds without the use of special ampholytes. Differences in pH and concentration of complexing agents, such as borate, in the sample and background electrolyte zones were determined to cause focusing through changes in the local velocity of the analyte in two different segments of the capillary. Velocity-difference induced focusing (V-DIF) of analytes using a dynamic pH junction allowed the injection of large sample volumes and significantly improved the concentration sensitivity of CE. Under optimized conditions, the limit of detection for epinephrine was determined to be about 4 x 10(-8) M (the original sample) with conventional UV absorbance detection. Moreover, separation efficiencies greater than a million theoretical plates can be achieved by focusing such large sample volumes into narrow zones. Multisection electrolyte systems, which lead to the formation of a dynamic pH junction, can be tuned toward improving the concentration sensitivity of specific analytes if their chemical properties are known.
Reaction of 1‐Acyl and Aroyl‐2‐hydroxy‐3,3‐dimethylindolines with Arylamines Catalyzed by BF3‐Etherate. Formation of Dihydroindolo[1,2‐c]quinazoline. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Quantitation of proliferative and cytotoxic precursor cells directed against human tumours: Limiting dilution analysis in peripheral blood and at the tumour site (1982)

Blood and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from 16 cancer patients have been examined under limiting dilution conditions to determine the frequency of cells responding in mixed tumour-lymphocyte cultures (MLTC) to autologous tumour and Interleukin-2 (IL-2). Tumour-derived lymphocytes showed a high spontaneous response to IL-2 alone 1/1,900 in TIL; 1/6,000 in PBL suggesting the presence of "activated" T cells in situ. Proliferative frequencies were increased in MLTC in both blood (1/3,779) and TIL (1/1,084). Phenotypic analyses showed that total T-cell contents of the responder populations were comparable but TIL were enriched for the OKT8+ subset with a corresponding reduction in OKT4+. TIL showed increased numbers of OKMI+ and Tac+ lymphocytes. The major cytotoxic precursor expanding under these conditions was reactive against autologous tumour. K562 (NK) were present at a lesser frequency--particularly in TIL. The data show a concentration and activation of reactive lymphocytes at the tumour site and establish conditions for the clonal expansion of specifically cytotoxic T cells.
Maximum likelihood synchronization for OFDM using a pilot symbol: algorithms (2001)

The design of a pilot symbol for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing packet detection and synchronization is presented. Algorithms are described for packet detection and for synchronization using maximum likelihood estimation of channel frequency offset, phase offset for coherent detection, and subsample timing offset. The efficacy of the detection and synchronization algorithms is demonstrated experimentally.
Leiodermatolide, a novel marine natural product, has potent cytotoxic and antimitotic activity against cancer cells, appears to affect microtubule dynamics, and exhibits antitumor activity (2016)

Pancreatic cancer, the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States, has a negative prognosis because metastasis occurs before symptoms manifest. Leiodermatolide, a polyketide macrolide with antimitotic activity isolated from a deep water sponge of the genus Leiodermatium, exhibits potent and selective cytotoxicity toward the pancreatic cancer cell lines AsPC-1, PANC-1, BxPC-3, and MIA PaCa-2, and potent cytotoxicity against skin, breast and colon cancer cell lines. Induction of apoptosis by leiodermatolide was confirmed in the AsPC-1, BxPC-3 and MIA PaCa-2 cells. Leiodermatolide induces cell cycle arrest but has no effects on in vitro polymerization or depolymerization of tubulin alone, while it enhances polymerization of tubulin containing microtubule associated proteins (MAPs). Observations through confocal microscopy show that leiodermatolide, at low concentrations, causes minimal effects on polymerization or depolymerization of the microtubule network in interphase cells, but disruption of spindle formation in mitotic cells. At higher concentrations, depolymerization of the microtubule network is observed. Visualization of the growing microtubule in HeLa cells expressing GFP-tagged plus end binding protein EB-1 showed that leiodermatolide stopped the polymerization of tubulin. These results suggest that leiodermatolide may affect tubulin dynamics without directly interacting with tubulin and hint at a unique mechanism of action. In a mouse model of metastatic pancreatic cancer, leiodermatolide exhibited significant tumor reduction when compared to gemcitabine and controls. The antitumor activities of leiodermatolide, as well as the proven utility of antimitotic compounds against cancer, make leiodermatolide an interesting compound with potential chemotherapeutic effects that may merit further research.
Incorporation of prefabricated screw, pneumatic, and solenoid valves into microfluidic devices (2008)

This paper describes a method for prefabricating screw, pneumatic, and solenoid valves and embedding them in microfluidic devices. This method of prefabrication and embedding is simple, requires no advanced fabrication, and is compatible with soft lithography. Because prefabrication allows many identical valves to be made at one time, the performance across different valves made in the same manner is reproducible. In addition, the performance of a single valve is reproducible over many cycles of opening and closing: an embedded solenoid valve opened and closed a microfluidic channel more than 100,000 times with no apparent deterioration in its function. It was possible to combine all three types of prefabricated valves in a single microfluidic device to control chemical gradients in a microfluidic channel temporally and spatially.
Synthesis of Chiral 3-Substituted 2,4(1H,3H)-Quinazolinediones (1993)

2-Carbomethoxyphenyl isocyanate and 6-nitro-2-carbomethoxyphenyl isocyanate were generated in situ from half-esters, and then convened into the corresponding quinazolinediones using a-amino acids.This useful annelation process was found to be a general method for the formation of various chiial 3-substituted quinazolinediones.Derivatives of the quinazolinedione system are of great interest for their pharmacological properties,"' and therefore there are numerous methods for the preparation of these heterocyclic compounds in the ~iterature.'.~Most of the described syntheses of these heterocyclic compounds suut from derivatives of anthranilic acid and are built up by sequential formation of the amide bonds.~a ~a d o ~o u l o s ~ prepared the 3-carbomethoxymethyl-2,4(1H,3H)-quinazolinedione by a reaction of anthranilic acid with ethyl isocyanoacetate.Furthermore, it has been reported that the 2-carb~methox~phenyl isocyanate" reacts
Characterization of Biological Types of Cattle—Cycle III: II. Growth Rate and Puberty in Females2 (1979)

Data on growth traits, puberty and pregnancy were analyzed on 490 crossbred females produced by artificial insemination from Hereford and Angus dams by Hereford, Angus, Brahman, Sahiwal, Pinzgauer and Tarentaise sires. Brahman crosses were heaviest (P<.01) at 200 and at 550 days. Brahman and Sahiwal crosses gained at a slower rate than Angus-Hereford, Pinzgauer and Tarentaise crosses from 200 to 400 days, whereas from 400 to 550 days, Brahman crosses gained significantly faster than all other crosses and Sahiwal crosses gained significantly faster than Angus-Hereford, Pinzgauer and Tarentaise crosses. Differences in growth traits among the Angus-Hereford, Pinzgauer and Tarentaise crosses generally were small. Females with Angus dams were significantly heavier at 200 and at 400 days than females with Hereford dams, but females with Hereford dams gained significantly faster than females with Angus dams after 200 days and were significantly heavier at 550 days. Major differences were observed among breed of sire groups for age and weight at puberty. Brahman crosses were significantly older and heavier than all other breed of sire groups at puberty. Sahiwal crosses were older (P<.01) than all remaining breed of sire groups at puberty and were heavier (P<.01) at puberty than Pinzgauer, but not Tarentaise or Angus-Hereford crosses. Pinzgauer crosses reached puberty at a significantly younger age than all other crosses. Females with Angus dams did not differ from females with Hereford dams in weight at puberty, but were 22 days younger (P<.01) at puberty. A significantly higher percentage of Brahman (93%), Sahiwal (98%) and Pinzgauer (94%) crosses, but not Tarentaise crosses (91%), were pregnant at 550 days than Angus-Hereford crosses (82%).
Co-amoxiclav jaundice: clinical and histological features and HLA class II association (2000)

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Jaundice associated with co-amoxiclav has been increasingly recognised. We aimed to characterise its clinical and histological features and to investigate linkage with human leucocyte antigen class II haplotypes. METHODS We identified cases in the west of Scotland in the period 1991–1997 and performed polymerase chain reaction amplification and oligonucleotide probing on whole blood. RESULTS Twenty two cases were identified (10 male, mean age 59.1 years). Jaundice occurred a median of 17 days after drug commencement, with a median peak bilirubin level of 225 μmol/l (range 84–598) and median duration of jaundice 69 days (range 29–150). Two patients had primary biliary cirrhosis and two other patients had persistently abnormal liver biochemistry on follow up. One death occurred in a frail elderly woman despite resolving jaundice. The frequency of jaundice was 1 in 78 209 co-amoxiclav prescriptions. Liver biopsy, available in 12 patients, showed perivenular bilirubinostasis, accompanying reactive ceroid laden macrophages, and portal inflammation with focal injury to interlobular bile ducts. Fourteen of 20 patients had DRB1*1501 compared with 27 of 134 controls (p&lt;2.5×10 –6 ; odds ratio (OR) 9.25; relative risk (RR) 6.43). Of these, seven patients were homozygous for DRB1*1501(p&lt; 10 –8 ; OR 35.54; RR=8.68) compared with two of 134 controls. All patients with DRB1*1501 had the extended haplotype DRB1*1501-DRB5*0101-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602. There were no clinical or histological differences between genotypes. CONCLUSIONS Co-amoxiclav associated hepatotoxicity may have a genetic basis and be delayed, severe, and prolonged, although complete recovery is usual.
Sera from patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome inhibit production of interleukin-2 by normal lymphocytes. (1985)

We studied the effects of sera from patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) on interleukin-2 (IL-2) production to help elucidate the mechanism of immunodeficiency. Compared with sera from healthy controls, sera from AIDS patients suppressed phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced IL-2 production by normal blood mononuclear cells. Sera from homosexual contacts of AIDS patients and from adults with acute cytomegalovirus infection generally lacked this suppressive activity. The effect of the AIDS sera could not be attributed to absence of a stimulatory or nutritive factor, to inactivation of IL-2, to inhibition of the IL-2 assay, nor to increased turnover of IL-2. The suppressive effect of the sera was not mediated by radiosensitive or T8 antigen-bearing suppressor cells or by increased prostaglandin production or decreased interleukin-1 production. The sera acted directly on the groups of cells that produce IL-2, T cells and large granular lymphocytes; suppression occurred at an early, probably pretranslational, stage. When cells were incubated with AIDS sera and then washed, the suppressive effect persisted. The sera did not cause direct or complement-mediated cytotoxic effects on normal mononuclear cells nor did they suppress PHA-induced interferon production, nor proliferation of T lymphoblasts or lymphocyte lines. The suppressive effect was not mediated by interferon, cortisol, immunoglobulin G or M, or immune complexes. The activity was stable at pH 3, pH 10, and 60 degrees C; inactivated at 100 degrees C; and not ether extractable. Because IL-2 plays a central role in the development of many immune responses, the serum factor(s) that inhibits IL-2 production could contribute significantly to the immunodeficiency of AIDS.
Poly(A) Tail Shortening by a Mammalian Poly(A)-specific 3′-Exoribonuclease (1997)

3'-Exonucleolytic removal of the poly(A) tail is the first and often rate-limiting step in the decay of many eucaryotic mRNAs. In a cytoplasmic extract from HeLa cells, the poly(A) tail of mRNA was degraded from the 3'-end. In agreement with earlier in vivo observations, prominent decay intermediates differed in length by about 30 nucleotides. The Mg2+-dependent, poly(A)-specific 3'-exoribonuclease responsible for this poly(A) shortening activity was purified from calf thymus. A polypeptide of 74 kDa copurified with the activity. The deadenylating nuclease (DAN) required a free 3'-OH group, released solely 5'-AMP, degraded RNA in a distributive fashion, and preferred poly(A) as a substrate. At low salt concentration, the activity of purified DAN was strongly dependent on spermidine or other, yet unidentified factors. Under these reaction conditions, DAN was also stimulated by the cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding protein I (PAB I). At physiological salt concentration, the stimulatory effect of spermidine was weak and PAB I was inhibitory. At either salt concentration DAN and PAB I reconstituted poly(A) shortening with the same pattern of intermediates seen in cytoplasmic extract. The properties of DAN suggest that the enzyme might be involved in the deadenylation of mRNA in vivo.
Dual Inference for Machine Learning (2017)

Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of machine learning in solving artificial intelligence (AI) tasks in many domains, including translation, speech, image, etc. Within these domains, AI tasks are usually not independent. As a specific type of relationship, structural duality does exist between many pairs of AI tasks, such as translation from one language to another vs. its opposite direction, speech recognition vs. speech synthetization, image classification vs. image generation, etc. The importance of such duality has been magnified by some recent studies, which revealed that it can boost the learning of two tasks in the dual form. However, there has been little investigation on how to leverage this invaluable relationship into the inference stage of AI tasks. In this paper, we propose a general framework of dual inference which can take advantage of both existing models from two dual tasks, without re-training, to conduct inference for one individual task. Empirical studies on three pairs of specific dual tasks, including machine translation, sentiment analysis, and image processing have illustrated that dual inference can significantly improve the performance of each of individual tasks.
Molecular simulation of the effects of alcohols on peptide structure (1999)

The effects of alcohols on local protein structure have been simulated using computational approaches and model peptides. Molecular simulations were carried out on a 7-residue peptide created in both an extended conformation and an alpha-helix to explore alcohol-induced changes in peptide structure. It was assumed that alcohols hydrogen bond at peptide carbonyl groups with an optimum geometry and compete with water molecules at these site. Energy minimization of the peptide/alcohol assemblies revealed that alcohols induced a twist in the peptide backbone as a function of (1) the methylene chain length, (2) the hydrogen-bond geometry, (3) halogenation of the molecule, (4) concentration, and (5) the dielectric constant. The rank ordering of the potencies of the alcohols was hexafluoroisopropanol > trifluoroethanol approximately pentanol > butanol > ethanol > methanol. Helix destabilization by cosolvent was measured by examining the hydrogen-bond lengths in peptide structures that resulted from a combination of energy minimization and molecular dynamics simulations. Destabilization was also found to be dependent upon the chemical nature of the alcohol and the hydrogen-bond geometry. The data suggest that alcohols at low concentrations affect protein structure mainly through a combination of hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic interactions that are influenced by the properties of the solvent.
Content-based hierarchical classification of vacation images (2003)

Grouping images into (semantically) meaningful categories using low level visual features is a challenging and important problem in content based image retrieval. Using binary Bayesian classifiers, we attempt to capture high level concepts from low level image features under the constraint that the test image does belong to one of the classes of interest. Specifically, we consider the hierarchical classification of vacation images; at the highest level, images are classified into indoor/outdoor classes, outdoor images are further classified into city/landscape classes, and finally, a subset of landscape images is classified into sunset, forest, and mountain classes. We demonstrate that a small codebook (the optimal size of codebook is selected using a modified MDL criterion) extracted from a vector quantizer can be used to estimate the class-conditional densities of the observed features needed for the Bayesian methodology. On a database of 6931 vacation photographs, our system achieved an accuracy of 90.5% for indoor vs. outdoor classification, 95.3% for city vs. landscape classification, 96.6% for sunset vs. forest and mountain classification, and 95.5% for forest vs. mountain classification. We further develop a learning paradigm to incrementally train the classifiers as additional training samples become available and also show preliminary results for feature size reduction using clustering techniques.
Replica control in distributed systems (1991)

Article Free Access Share on Replica control in distributed systems: as asynchronous approach Authors: Calton Pu Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NYView Profile , Avraham Leff Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NYView Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGMOD '91: Proceedings of the 1991 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of dataApril 1991 Pages 377–386https://doi.org/10.1145/115790.115856Published:01 April 1991Publication History 153citation1,037DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations153Total Downloads1,037Last 12 Months45Last 6 weeks6 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Isolation of Hormone-Producing Clonal Lines of Human Choriocarcinoma1 (1971)

Six clonal lines of human choriocarcinoma have been established from a tumor previously adapted to passage in the hamster cheek pouch. All clones have continued to produce chorionic gonadotropin (CG) for over 2 yr. The rates of hormone secretion and growth differed among the clonal lines. In one clone, cell count and CG production showed log increases and plateau phases, but the log phase of CG synthesis occurred as the rate of cell replication slowed. Accordingly, CG production per cell increased progressively with time. These functional cell lines provide systems for the examination of many aspects of placental physiology and biology.
Processing Additives for Improved Efficiency from Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells (2008)

Two criteria for processing additives introduced to control the morphology of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) materials for use in solar cells have been identified: (i) selective (differential) solubility of the fullerene component and (ii) higher boiling point than the host solvent. Using these criteria, we have investigated the class of 1,8-di(R)octanes with various functional groups (R) as processing additives for BHJ solar cells. Control of the BHJ morphology by selective solubility of the fullerene component is demonstrated using these high boiling point processing additives. The best results are obtained with R = Iodine (I). Using 1,8-diiodooctane as the processing additive, the efficiency of the BHJ solar cells was improved from 3.4% (for the reference device) to 5.1%.