gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
c-Myc induces the expression and activity of ornithine decarboxylase. (1993)

The role of the product of the c-myc protooncogene in the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation is well established. Recent reports that c-Myc can serve as a sequence-specific transcriptional activator have begun to elucidate the mechanism by which c-Myc exerts such a profound effect on the mitotic status of a cell. To identify a potential target gene for Myc-mediated trans-activation, we examined the regulation of the ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) gene by c-Myc. ODC is the first and rate-limiting enzyme involved in the synthesis of the polyamines and has been shown to be required for entry into and progression through the cell cycle. Using a conditionally active c-Myc-estrogen receptor chimeric protein, we found estrogen-dependent activation of ODC expression and enzymatic activity. The induction of ODC mRNA expression was not dependent upon de novo protein synthesis. These data suggest that one downstream pathway for Myc-directed cell cycle control is the induction of ODC expression.
Breath and blood ammonia in liver cirrhosis. (2000)

Breath ammonia measurement may be useful in diagnosis, treatment assessment, and follow-up in hepatic encephalopathy.
P‐218L: Late‐News Poster : A Compact and Cost‐Efficient TFT‐LCD through the Triple‐Gate Pixel Structure (2006)

Abstract To realize a compact and cost‐efficient TFT‐LCD for PMP or CNS applications, we propose a 4.0″ WqVGA(480×272) a‐Si TFT‐LCD through the triple‐gate pixel structure. By using the triple‐gate pixel structure 1‐chip TFT‐LCD is available for CNS applications. and this 1‐chip TFT‐LCD cuts costs by fifteen percent, or more. A double Amorphous Silicon Gate(ASG) solves secondary problems such as short gate line time and small layout area which are caused by the triple‐gate pixel structure.
Comparison of pulmonary and systemic effects of adenosine triphosphate in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease--ATP: a pulmonary controlled vasoregulator? (1990)

During stepwise incremental intravenous adenosine triphosphate (ATP) infusion, systemic and pulmonary vascular effects were compared in 10 patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Pulmonary vasodilation was: 1) predominant and maximal as early as the lowest dose infusion (0.1 mumol.kg-1.min-1) with pulmonary arterial mean pressure (Ppa) (-16%; p less than 0.01) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) decreases (-28%; p less than 0.005) and simultaneous increasing delta PVR/delta SVR ratio; 2) associated with worsening hypoxaemia (-14%; p less than 0.001), but also with increasing alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure difference (P(A-a)O2) and venous admixture (Qs/Qt) suggesting some inhibition of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Systemic vasodilation was: 1) clearly dose-dependent, but only reached significant level at 0.2 mumol.kg-1.min-1 with systemic arterial mean pressure (Psa) (-12.5%; p less than 0.05) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) decreases (-30%; p less than 0.01); 2) associated with arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) decrease (-12.5%; p less than 0.005) and recurring uncontrollable hyperpnoea, suggesting a ventilatory stimulatory effect of ATP in man. In patients with stable COPD, ATP infusion has dual acute haemodynamic effects depending on the dose-level. The predominant pulmonary vasodilating effect occurs as early as the lowest dose-levels without any further increase of pulmonary vasodilation. This contrasts with the dose-related systemic vasodilation effect. Such a dual haemodynamic effect is an indirect indication of in vivo lung metabolism of ATP.
2-Substituted 4-(Thio)chromenone 6-O-Sulfamates:  Potent Inhibitors of Human Steroid Sulfatase (2002)

Steroid sulfatase (STS) has emerged as a highly attractive target for the therapy of a number of disorders. Starting with the known inhibitor estrone sulfamate (1) as lead compound and with the finding that steroid sulfamates containing a nonaromatic A-ring are inactive, chromen-4-one sulfamates were designed, prepared, and tested for their ability to block human STS. This new class of nonsteroidal inhibitors shows high potency when the sulfamate group and the side chain are situated in diagonally opposite positions (i.e., 2,6- and 3,7-substitution pattern). The highest activity is achieved with fully branched, bulky aliphatic side chains and with thiochromen-4-one as the core element. 2-(1-Adamantyl)-4H-thiochromen-4-on-6-O-sulfamate (6c) is the most potent STS inhibitor discovered so far, and it is about 170-fold superior to 1. As with 1, all chromenone sulfamates are irreversible inhibitors of STS with a biphasic time course of inactivation.
A feature selection-based framework for human activity recognition using wearable multimodal sensors (2011)

Human activity recognition is important for many applications. This paper describes a human activity recognition framework based on feature selection techniques. The objective is to identify the most important features to recognize human activities. We first design a set of new features (called physical features) based on the physical parameters of human motion to augment the commonly used statistical features. To systematically analyze the impact of the physical features on the performance of the recognition system, a single-layer feature selection framework is developed. Experimental results indicate that physical features are always among the top features selected by different feature selection methods and the recognition accuracy is generally improved to 90%, or 8% better than when only statistical features are used. Moreover, we show that the performance is further improved by 3.8% by extending the single-layer framework to a multi-layer framework which takes advantage of the inherent structure of human activities and performs feature selection and classification in a hierarchical manner.
Linearizing integrated Hall devices (2002)

This paper shows how modern integrated silicon Hall devices can be linearized without any additional error correction. Several non-linearity effects are studied and by adequate means either eliminated or mutually compensated. Experimental results demonstrate that the remaining non-linearity in a magnetic field of up to 2 T can be decreased to less than 1%. Together with low noise characteristics and extraordinary long-term stability, these devices are ideal sensors for low cost, high accuracy applications in low and medium magnetic fields.
AN AUTOSOMAL GENE THAT AFFECTS X CHROMOSOME EXPRESSION AND SEX DETERMINATION IN CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS (1984)

Recessive mutant alleles at the autosomal dpy-21 locus of C. elegans cause a dumpy phenotype in XX animals but not in XO animals. This dumpy phenotype is characteristic of X chromosome aneuploids with higher than normal X to autosome ratios and is proposed to result from overexpression of X-linked genes. We have isolated a new dpy-21 allele that also causes partial hermaphroditization of XO males, without causing the dumpy phenotype. All dpy-21 alleles show hermaphroditization effects in XO males that carry a duplication of part of the X chromosome and also partially suppress a transformer (tra-1) mutation that converts XX animals into males. Experiments with a set of X chromosome duplications show that the defects of dpy-21 mutants can result from interaction with several different regions of the X chromosome. We propose that dpy-21 regulates X chromosome expression and may be involved in interpreting X chromosome dose for the developmental decisions of both sex determination and dosage compensation.
Electronic portfolios 2.0 : emergent research on implementation and impact (2009)

INTRODUCTION: From Distributed Insights to Research in Coalition - Barbara Cambridge, Darren Cambridge, and Kathleen Yancey PART I. REFLECTION IN ELECTRONIC PORTFOLIO PRACTICE: Meta-Analysis of Reflection: Taxonomy - Kathleen Yancey, Florida State University Studying Electronic Portfolio: Inquiry in the Context of Practice - William Rickards, Alverno College Using ePortfolios to Support Lifelong and Lifewide Learning - Helen Chen, Stanford University PART II. INTEGRATIVE LEARNING: Two Faces of Integrative Learning Online - Darren Cambridge, George Mason University Becoming ePortfolio Learners and Teachers - Julie Hughes, Wolverhampton University Making Connections: The LaGuardia ePortfolio - Bret Eynon, LaGuardia Community College Connecting Contexts and Competencies: Using ePortfolios for Integrative Learning - Tracy Penny-Light, Bob Sproule, and Katherine Lithgow, University of Waterloo PART III. ESTABLISHING IDENTITIES: ROLES, COMPETENCIES, VALUES, AND OUTCOMES: Establishing Identities: Roles, Competencies, Values, and Outcomes - Michael Day, Northern Illinois University The Promise of E-Portfolios for Institutional Assessment - Thomas Edwards and Colleen Burnham, Thomas College Demonstrating Intellectual Growth and Development: The IUPUI ePortfolio - Sharon Hamilton and Susan Kahn, Indiana University, Indianapolis A Values-Driven ePortfolio Journey: Na Wa 'a - Judith Kirkpatrick, Tanya Renner, Lisa Kanae, and Kelli Goya, Kapiolani Community College e-Portfolios in an Undergraduate Research Experiences Program - Benjamin Stephens, Clemson University Perceptions of Teacher Candidates on ePortfolio Use - Neal Topp and Bob Goeman, University of Nebraska Omaha Part IV. ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING: Diffusing ePortfolios in Organizational Settings - Steve Acker, The Ohio State University A Catalyst without a Mandate: Building an ePortfolio Culture at the University of Washington - Tom Lewis and Janice Fournier, University of Washington Documenting the Outcomes of Learning - Milton Hakel and Erin Smith, Bowling Green University Sustaining Change through Student, Departmental, and Institutional Portfolios - Kathi Ketcheson, Portland State University Part V. ELECTRONIC PORTFOLIO TECHNOLOGY AND DESIGN FOR LEARNING: Technology and Change - Cara Lane, Washington State University Re-visioning Revision with ePortfolios in the University of Georgia First-year Composition Program - Christy Desmet, June Griffin, Deborah Church Miller, Ron Balthazor, and Robert Cummings, University of Georgia Moving eFolio Minnesota to the Next Generation: From Individual Portfolios to an Integrated Institutional Model - Lynette Olsen, Lori Schroeder, and Paul Wasko, Minnesota State Colleges and Universities Assessing the Learning Potential of E-Portfolio through Thinking Sheets - Mary Zamon and Debra Sprague, George Mason University.
Systemic Amiloride Inhibits Experimentally Induced Neovascularization (1990)

Amiloride is an inhibitor of urokinase-type plasminogen activator, and might therefore have an inhibitory effect on neovascularization. Neovascularization was induced in rabbit corneas via local implantation of prostaglandin E1 pellets prepared in a slow-release polymer. Animals received daily intraperitoneal injections of 30 mg of amiloride, or an equivalent volume of saline solution for 5 days; both were well tolerated without severe untoward effect. Neovascular response, as documented by corneal photographs, was evaluated after 5 days of injections. The area of induced corneal neovascularization was decreased by 55% in animals receiving amiloride when compared with controls. Thus, amiloride and similar compounds may prove useful in the study and management of neovascularization.
Iron Catalyzed Asymmetric Oxyamination of Olefins (2012)

The regioselective and enantioselective oxyamination of alkenes with N-sulfonyl oxaziridines is catalyzed by a novel iron(II) bis(oxazoline) complex. This process affords oxazolidine products that can be easily manipulated to yield highly enantioenriched free amino alcohols. The regioselectivity of this process is complementary to that obtained from the analogous copper(II)-catalyzed reaction. Thus, both regioisomers of enantioenriched 1,2-aminoalcohols can be obtained using oxaziridine-mediated oxyamination reactions, and the overall sense of regiochemistry can be controlled using the appropriate choice of inexpensive first-row transition metal catalyst.
Fundamental relationship between operon organization and gene expression (2011)

Half a century has passed since the discovery of operons (groups of genes that are transcribed together as a single mRNA). Despite the importance of operons in bacterial gene networks, the relationship between their organization and gene expression remains poorly understood. Here we show using synthetic operons in Escherichia coli that the expression of a given gene increases with the length of the operon and as its position moves farther from the end of the operon. These findings can be explained by a common mechanism; increasing the distance from the start of a gene to the end of the operon (termed the "transcription distance") provides more time for translation to occur during transcription, resulting in increased expression. We confirmed experimentally that the increased expression is indeed due to increased translation. Furthermore our analysis indicates the translation initiation rate for an mRNA is sixfold greater during transcription than after its release, which amplifies the impact of the transcription distance on gene expression. As a result of these mechanisms, gene expression increases by ∼40% for each 1,000 nucleotides of transcription distance. In summary, we demonstrate that a fundamental relationship exists between gene expression and the number, length, and order of the genes in an operon. This relationship has important implications for understanding the functional basis of genome organization and practical applications for synthetic biology.
On the “U-shaped” continuum of band edge states at the Si/SiO2 interface (2011)

The historical and near universal acceptance that a U-shaped continuum of band edge states intrinsically exists at the Si/SiO2 boundary is re-examined. Using a recently developed interface defect spectroscopy method, we show that the U-shape continuum of band edge states does not exist in high quality Si/SiO2 interfaces. We then show that the U-shape continuum of band edge state can be readily measured in relatively poor quality devices, proving that the absence of states in the high quality sample is not due to measurement limitations. This observation calls into question firmly established beliefs about the intrinsic nature of the continuum.
Discrete-Dipole Approximation For Scattering Calculations (1994)

The discrete-dipole approximation (DDA) for scattering calculations, including the relationship between the DDA and other methods, is reviewed. Computational considerations, i.e., the use of complex-conjugate gradient algorithms and fast-Fourier-transform methods, are discussed. We test the accuracy of the DDA by using the DDA to compute scattering and absorption by isolated, homogeneous spheres as well as by targets consisting of two contiguous spheres. It is shown that, for dielectric materials (|m| ≲ 2), the DDA permits calculations of scattering and absorption that are accurate to within a few percent.
Fundamental Reaction Mechanism for Cocaine Hydrolysis in Human Butyrylcholinesterase (2003)

Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)-cocaine binding and the fundamental pathway for BChE-catalyzed hydrolysis of cocaine have been studied by molecular modeling, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and ab initio calculations. Modeling and simulations indicate that the structures of the prereactive BChE/substrate complexes for (-)-cocaine and (+)-cocaine are all similar to that of the corresponding prereactive BChE/butyrylcholine (BCh) complex. The overall binding of BChE with (-)-cocaine and (+)-cocaine is also similar to that proposed with butyrylthiocholine and succinyldithiocholine, i.e., (-)- or (+)-cocaine first slides down the substrate-binding gorge to bind to Trp-82 and stands vertically in the gorge between Asp-70 and Trp-82 (nonprereactive complex) and then rotates to a position in the catalytic site within a favorable distance for nucleophilic attack and hydrolysis by Ser-198 (prereactive complex). In the prereactive complex, cocaine lies horizontally at the bottom of the gorge. The fundamental catalytic hydrolysis pathway, consisting of acylation and deacylation stages similar to those for ester hydrolysis by other serine hydrolases, was proposed on the basis of the simulated prereactive complex and confirmed theoretically by ab initio reaction coordinate calculations. Both the acylation and deacylation follow a double-proton-transfer mechanism. The calculated energetic results show that within the chemical reaction process the highest energy barrier and Gibbs free energy barrier are all associated with the first step of deacylation. The calculated ratio of the rate constant (k(cat)) for the catalytic hydrolysis to that (k(0)) for the spontaneous hydrolysis is approximately 9.0 x 10(7). The estimated k(cat)/k(0) value of approximately 9.0 x 10(7) is in excellent agreement with the experimentally derived k(cat)/k(0) value of approximately 7.2 x 10(7) for (+)-cocaine, whereas it is approximately 2000 times larger than the experimentally derived k(cat)/k(0) value of approximately 4.4 x 10(4) for (-)-cocaine. All of the results suggest that the rate-determining step of the BChE-catalyzed hydrolysis of (+)-cocaine is the first step of deacylation, whereas for (-)-cocaine the change from the nonprereactive complex to the prereactive complex is rate-determining and has a Gibbs free energy barrier higher than that for the first step of deacylation by approximately 4 kcal/mol. A further analysis of the structural changes from the nonprereactive complex to the prereactive complex reveals specific amino acid residues hindering the structural changes, providing initial clues for the rational design of BChE mutants with improved catalytic activity for (-)-cocaine.
The HCC‐domain of botulinum neurotoxins A and B exhibits a singular ganglioside binding site displaying serotype specific carbohydrate interaction (2003)

Tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins selectively invade neurons following binding to complex gangliosides. Recent biochemical experiments demonstrate that two ganglioside binding sites within the tetanus neurotoxin HC-fragment, originally identified in crystallographic studies to bind lactose or sialic acid, are required for productive binding to target cells. Here, we determine by mass spectroscopy studies that the HC-fragment of botulinum neurotoxins A and B bind only one molecule of ganglioside GT1b. Mutations made in the presumed ganglioside binding site of botulinum neurotoxin A and B abolished the formation of these HC-fragment/ganglioside complexes, and drastically diminished binding to neuronal membranes and isolated GT1b. Furthermore, correspondingly mutated full-length neurotoxins exhibit significantly reduced neurotoxicity, thus identifying a single ganglioside binding site within the carboxyl-terminal half of the HC-fragment of botulinum neurotoxins A and B. These binding cavities are defined by the conserved peptide motif H...SXWY...G. The roles of tyrosine and histidine in botulinum neurotoxins A and B in ganglioside binding differ from those in the analogous tetanus neurotoxin lactose site. Hence, these findings provide valuable information for the rational design of potent botulinum neurotoxin binding inhibitors.
Cost-effective image acquisition system for precise PC-based measurement (2011)

Image sensors based on the CMOS technology became commonly used sources of image information in PC-based vision systems. Image information is converted directly on the chip to a stream of synchronous digital data which can be transferred to a PC using the cost-effective interface introduced in this contribution. The CMOS image sensor together with the developed interface can be considered as a simple image acquisition system - USB camera matching all features of distributed image acquisition and processing model described in this article. Concept of the USB camera is enhanced by additional data merged with each image frame transferred to the PC. This feature makes the developed device suitable for tasks where the precise timing of image acquisition together with an external synchronization is required. Based on the VHDL model of the used CMOS image sensor and the designed PC interface with the USB driver, the critical timing and maximal USB data throughput limitations are analyzed and discussed. Streszczenie. Informacja o obrazie z czujnika obrazu typu CMOS jest bezpośrednio przetwarzana w strumien transferowany do komputera. Kamera USB moze byc traktowana jako system pobierania i przetwarzania informacji. W artkule analizowany jest taki system, a szczegolnie timing i szybkośc przeplywu danych. (System akwizycji obrazu w pomiarach z wykorzystaniem komputera)
A surface chemistry approach to studying cell adhesion (2000)

Model substrates that present peptide and carbohydrate ligands are becoming important mechanistic tools in cell biology. This review surveys the development of self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiolates on gold as a model substrate for studies of cell adhesion. The review begins with a background that illustrates the opportunity for using tailored substrates in biology and then addresses the characteristics that make monolayers well-suited for these studies. The review concludes with a discussion of recent work that is developing dynamic substrates wherein the activity of immobilized ligands can be modulated in real time.
TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-beta1(TGF-beta1) IS SUFFICIENT TO INDUCE FIBROSIS OF RABBIT CORPUS CAVERNOSUM IN VIVO (1999)

This study confirms that TGF-beta1 induces fibrosis in situ by altering connective tissue synthesis and hence the structure of the corpus cavernosum. Injection of rh-TGF-beta1 impregnated alginate microspheres into the corpus cavernosum resulted in dose-dependent decreases in percentage of corporal smooth muscle.