gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An extended electromotive force model for sensorless control of interior permanent-magnet synchronous motors (2003)

During the last decade, many sensorless control methods have been proposed for surface permanent-magnet synchronous motors (SPMSMs) based on the estimation of electromotive force (EMF) in which the motor's position information is contained. However, these methods cannot be applied to interior PMSMs (IPMSMs) directly, because the position information is contained in not only the EMF, but also the inductance of stators. In this paper, a new mathematical model for IPMSMs is proposed and an extended EMF is defined, which includes both position information from the EMF and the stator inductance. By using the newly proposed model, sensorless controls proposed for SPMSMs can easily be applied to IPMSMs. As an example, a disturbance observer is studied and the experimental results show that the proposed method on the proposed model is very effective.
T Cell Awareness of Paternal Alloantigens During Pregnancy (1995)

During pregnancy a semiallogeneic fetus survives despite the presence of maternal T cells specific for paternally inherited histocompatibility antigens. A mouse transgenic for a T cell receptor recognizing the major histocompatibility (MHC) antigen H-2Kb was used to follow the fate of T cells reactive to paternal alloantigens. In contrast to syngeneic and third-party allogeneic pregnancies, mice bearing a Kb-positive conceptus had reduced numbers of Kb-reactive T cells and accepted Kb-positive tumor grafts. T cell phenotype and responsiveness were restored after delivery. Thus, during pregnancy maternal T cells acquire a transient state of tolerance specific for paternal alloantigens.
Michael John Gilbert (2013)

Michael John Gilbert (“Mike”) was born in Smethwick and went to King Edward grammar school. After qualifying he went to south Wales to train in obstetrics and gynaecology. His parents bought him a Cooper Mark 5 for £145 for passing his medical finals, which was the beginning of a lifelong passion.

In 1962 he went into general practice in Grenfell in northern Saskatchewan, Canada. It was a town of 1200 people 84 miles from the city of Regina. There was a small purpose built hospital. He and his partner, Mike Stafford, did any surgical procedures they felt they could safely perform with the pictorial guide to surgery firmly placed next to the operating table. They were also responsible for the welfare of the people living in four Cree Indian reservations. He hunted, fished, and raced and was the Formula Vee champion for a year. The winter was no deterrent; races took place on ice.

In 1968 having spent seven years enduring …
Pan-cancer genome and transcriptome analyses of 1,699 paediatric leukaemias and solid tumours (2018)

Analysis of molecular aberrations across multiple cancer types, known as pan-cancer analysis, identifies commonalities and differences in key biological processes that are dysregulated in cancer cells from diverse lineages. Pan-cancer analyses have been performed for adult but not paediatric cancers, which commonly occur in developing mesodermic rather than adult epithelial tissues. Here we present a pan-cancer study of somatic alterations, including single nucleotide variants, small insertions or deletions, structural variations, copy number alterations, gene fusions and internal tandem duplications in 1,699 paediatric leukaemias and solid tumours across six histotypes, with whole-genome, whole-exome and transcriptome sequencing data processed under a uniform analytical framework. We report 142 driver genes in paediatric cancers, of which only 45% match those found in adult pan-cancer studies; copy number alterations and structural variants constituted the majority (62%) of events. Eleven genome-wide mutational signatures were identified, including one attributed to ultraviolet-light exposure in eight aneuploid leukaemias. Transcription of the mutant allele was detectable for 34% of protein-coding mutations, and 20% exhibited allele-specific expression. These data provide a comprehensive genomic architecture for paediatric cancers and emphasize the need for paediatric cancer-specific development of precision therapies.
Purification of a Jojoba Embryo Wax Synthase, Cloning of its cDNA, and Production of High Levels of Wax in Seeds of Transgenic Arabidopsis (2000)

Wax synthase (WS, fatty acyl-coenzyme A [coA]: fatty alcohol acyltransferase) catalyzes the final step in the synthesis of linear esters (waxes) that accumulate in seeds of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis). We have characterized and partially purified this enzyme from developing jojoba embryos. A protein whose presence correlated with WS activity during chromatographic fractionation was identified and a cDNA encoding that protein was cloned. Seed-specific expression of the cDNA in transgenic Arabidopsis conferred high levels of WS activity on developing embryos from those plants. The WS sequence has significant homology with several Arabidopsis open reading frames of unknown function. Wax production in jojoba requires, in addition to WS, a fatty acyl-CoA reductase (FAR) and an efficient fatty acid elongase system that forms the substrates preferred by the FAR. We have expressed the jojoba WS cDNA in Arabidopsis in combination with cDNAs encoding the jojoba FAR and a beta-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (a component of fatty acid elongase) from Lunaria annua. (13)C-Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of pooled whole seeds from transgenic plants indicated that as many as 49% of the oil molecules in the seeds were waxes. Gas chromatography analysis of transmethylated oil from individual seeds suggested that wax levels may represent up to 70% (by weight) of the oil present in those seeds.
Tumor Targeting with Antibody-Functionalized, Radiolabeled Carbon Nanotubes (2007)

The key achievement in these studies was the selective targeting of tumor in vitro and in vivo by the use of specific antibodies appended to a soluble, nanoscale CNT construct. The ability to specifically target tumor with prototype-radiolabeled or fluorescent-labeled, antibody-appended CNT constructs was encouraging and suggested further investigation of CNT as a novel delivery platform.
Carbon Capture and Sequestration (2009)

Overwhelming scientific evidence shows that CO 2 emissions from fossil fuels have caused the climate to change, and a dramatic reduction of these emissions is essential to reduce the risk of future devastating effects. On the other hand, access to energy is the basis of much of the current and future prosperity of the world. Eighty percent of this energy is derived from fossil fuel. The world has abundant fossil fuel reserves, particularly coal. The United States possesses one-quarter of the known coal supply, and the United States, Russia, China, and India account for two-thirds of the reserves. Coal accounts for roughly 25% of the world energy supply and 40% of the carbon emissions. * It is highly unlikely that any of these countries will turn their back on coal any time soon, and for this reason, the capture and storage of CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel power plants must be aggressively pursued.
New MUC1 Serum Immunoassay Differentiates Pancreatic Cancer From Pancreatitis (2005)

At a cutoff of 10.2 units/mL, 41 (77%) of 53 pancreatic cancer patients, none of the healthy individuals (n = 43), and only four (5%) of 87 patients with pancreatitis were positive above this value. Among nonpancreatic cancers investigated, colorectal cancers gave the highest percentage of positives (14%; five of 36). Overall, the sensitivity and specificity of the immunoassay for pancreatic cancer were 77% and 95%, respectively. Receiver operator characteristic analyses for discrimination of pancreatic cancer from pancreatitis provided an area under the curve of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.82 to 0.93), with a specificity of 95.4% and a positive likelihood ratio of 16.8. A direct pair-wise comparison of PAM4 and CA19-9 immunoassays for discrimination of pancreatic cancer and pancreatitis resulted in a significant difference (P < .003), with the PAM4 immunoassay demonstrating superior sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSION The high sensitivity and specificity observed suggest that the PAM4-based immunoassay of circulating MUC1 may be useful in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
Cell-free DNA as a diagnostic marker for cancer: current insights (2016)

The increasing knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis of cancer and the rapid development of new molecular techniques are promoting the study of early molecular alterations involved in cancer development in body fluids. Specific genetic and epigenetic alterations could be found in plasma, serum, and urine cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and could potentially be used as diagnostic biomarkers for several types of cancers. This review focuses on the role of cfDNA in diagnosis: a PubMed search was performed by selecting papers according to journal impact factor and robustness of statistical analysis. A comprehensive evaluation of "liquid biopsy", including cfDNA analysis, will be one of the critical challenges to better understand the early mechanisms of cancer development.
On-Chip Isothermal Polymerase Chain Reaction (2007)

We present a novel technique for on-chip PCR where temperature is held constant and uniform in the reactor. Specific chemicals, known as denaturants, have the ability to melt DNA. A flow control scheme establishes spatio-temporal fluctuations in the concentration of denaturants along a microchannel, while electromigration drives DNA through this spatially varying denaturant concentration field. Preliminary results show denaturation and extension of a 200 base pairs (bp) DNA template.
Real-time eye gaze tracking with an unmodified commodity webcam employing a neural network (2010)

An eye-gaze-guided computer interface could enable computer use by the seriously disabled but existing systems cost tens of thousands of dollars or have cumbersome setups. This paper presents a methodology for real-time eye gaze tracking using a standard webcam without the need for hardware modification or special placement. An artificial neural network was employed to estimate the location of the user's gaze based on an image of the user's eye, mimicking the way that humans determine where another person is looking. Accuracy measurements and usability experiments were performed using a laptop computer with a webcam built into the screen. The results show this approach to be promising for the development of usable eye tracking systems using standard webcams, particularly those built into many laptop computers.
Markov Chain Monte Carlo for Autologistic Regression Models with Application to the Distribution of Plant Species (1998)

SUMMARY In this paper, we explore using autologistic regression models for spatial binary data with covariates. Autologistic regression models can handle binary responses exhibiting both spatial correlation and dependence on covariates. We use Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) to estimate the parameters in these models. The distributional behavior of the MCMC maximum likelihood estimates (MCMC MLEs) is studied via simulation. We find that the MCMC MLEs are approximately normally distributed and that the MCMC estimates of Fisher information may be used to estimate the variance of the MCMC MLEs and to construct confidence intervals. Finally, we illustrate by example how our studies may be applied to model the distribution of plant species.
STUDIES ON ANTIBACTERIAL IMMUNITY INDUCED BY ARTIFICIAL ANTIGENS (1939)

1. An artificial antigen containing the azobenzyl glycoside of cellobiuronic acid gives rise in rabbits to antibodies which: (a) give the Neufeld reaction and agglutinate Type III pneumococci, (b) confer passive protection on mice against infection with Types II, III, and VIII pneumococci. 2. Rabbits immunized with the artificial cellobiuronic acid antigen acquire active resistance to infection with virulent Type III pneumococci. 3. The antibodies evoked by an antigen containing the azobenzyl glycoside of cellobiose exhibit none of these phenomena.
COVALENT Mr ∼92,000 HYBRID PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR DERIVED FROM THE PLASMIN FIBRIN-BINDING DOMAIN AND THE TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR CATALYTIC DOMAIN (1987)

A covalent hybrid plasminogen activator was prepared from the sulfhydryl forms of the NH2-terminal A chain of human plasmin (Pln^) containing the fibrin-binding domain, and the COOH-terminal B chain of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PAB) containing the catalytic domain. The PlnA (SH)2 and t-PAB(SH) chains were mixed in a 1:1 molar ratio, and hybridization was allowed to proceed at 4 °C for 6 days. The covalent PlnA-t-PAB hybrid activator was isolated from the mixture by a two-step affinity chromatography method, with L-lysine-substituted Sepharose and Zn-chelated agarose. The protein yield of purified hybrid was 10% with a major component (77%) of Mr ∼92,000. The covalent PlnA-t-PAB hybrid activator, contained 1 mol of each chain; after reduction, it gave the two parent chains, PlnA and t-PAA, also shown to be present by double immunodiffusion. The specific plasminogen activator activity, with soluble fibrin, and the specific amidolytic activity, of the purified covalent hybrid activator was determined to be 200,000 IU/mg of protein, about 40% of the specific activity of the parent t-PA. In a fibrin clot lysis assay, the covalent hybrid activator and t-PA have similar specific fibrinolytic activities, 500,000 IU/mg of protein; however, the clot lysis time curves were not parallel. The binding of the covalent PlnA-t-PAB hybrid activator and t-PA to forming fibrin were found to be similar; at physiological fibrinogen concentrations, binding of both activators to forming fibrin was about 90%.
Three new dominant drug resistance cassettes for gene disruption inSaccharomyces cerevisiae (1999)

Disruption-deletion cassettes are powerful tools used to study gene function in many organisms, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Perhaps the most widely useful of these are the heterologous dominant drug resistance cassettes, which use antibiotic resistance genes from bacteria and fungi as selectable markers. We have created three new dominant drug resistance cassettes by replacing the kanamycin resistance (kan(r)) open reading frame from the kanMX3 and kanMX4 disruption-deletion cassettes (Wach et al., 1994) with open reading frames conferring resistance to the antibiotics hygromycin B (hph), nourseothricin (nat) and bialaphos (pat). The new cassettes, pAG25 (natMX4), pAG29 (patMX4), pAG31 (patMX3), pAG32 (hphMX4), pAG34 (hphMX3) and pAG35 (natMX3), are cloned into pFA6, and so are in all other respects identical to pFA6-kanMX3 and pFA6-kanMX4. Most tools and techniques used with the kanMX plasmids can also be used with the hph, nat and patMX containing plasmids. These new heterologous dominant drug resistance cassettes have unique antibiotic resistance phenotypes and do not affect growth when inserted into the ho locus. These attributes make the cassettes ideally suited for creating S. cerevisiae strains with multiple mutations within a single strain.
Microorganisms and their enzymes for detoxifying mycotoxins posing a risk to livestock animals (2009)

Occurrence of mycotoxins is ubiquitous. Even with the use of prevention techniques, it is virtually impossible to avoid their presence in agricultural commodities. The toxicity of these fungal metabolites brings serious risks upon humans and animals. Mycotoxicoses are animal or human diseases caused by mycotoxin ingestion, inhalation or skin-contact. In animals, these range from immunosuppression and performance effects to hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, neurotoxic, dermal, carcinogenic, reproductive, teratogenic and gastro-intestinal effects depending on animal-, environmental- and toxin-related factors. A suitable mycotoxin risk management should take the different chemical structures of mycotoxins into consideration as a successful strategy for one mycotoxin, may fail in the elimination of another. Biotransformation and biodegradation are mycotoxin-specific methods which rely in microorganisms and enzymes' capacity of metabolization or degradation of mycotoxins into less or non-toxic metabolites prior to their resorption in the gastro-intestinal tract. Some microorganisms have shown biotransformation capacity both in vitro and in vivo, representing effective mycotoxin risk management tools in animal feed.
Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by extracorporeal photochemotherapy. A pilot study (1991)

In a 6-month pilot study of 7 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, we tested a treatment involving the extracorporeal photoactivation of biologically inert methoxsalen (8-methoxypsoralen) by ultraviolet A energy to a form that covalently cross-links lymphocyte DNA; the injured cells are reinfused into the patient. Prior experimental studies had indicated that this regimen produces an immune reaction against antigens on treated T cells, and a clinical trial in patients with cutaneous T cell lymphoma had been successful. The current study patients were treated monthly, on 2 successive days (or biweekly, later on). Between 12 and 16 weeks of therapy, there appeared to be a breakpoint, after which the joint counts and joint scores of 4 of the patients began to improve. In 3 of the 4 patients, these measures eventually diminished by a mean of 71% and 80% of baseline values, respectively, and there was variable improvement in less direct indicators of clinical response. The joint counts and scores of the fourth patient improved modestly (by 33% and 59% of baselines, respectively) but he required alternative therapy, and those of the remaining 3 study patients did not improve. Mean slopes for the joint counts were significantly different from zero after the apparent breakpoint (but not before), whether one examined the 4 apparent responders (P = 0.01) or the entire group of 7 patients (P = 0.01). After completion of therapy, there was also a delay, of 2-3 months, in the clinical deterioration of those patients who had improved. There was only 1 mechanical adverse effect--a single episode of transient hypotension in 102 treatment sessions--and no toxic effects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The I2C Family from the Wilt Disease Resistance Locus I2 Belongs to the Nucleotide Binding, Leucine-Rich Repeat Superfamily of Plant Resistance Genes (1997)

Naomi Ori, Yuval Eshed, Ilan Paran, Gernot Presting, Dvora Aviv, Steve Tanksley, Dani Zamir, Robert Fluhr, The I2C Family from the Wilt Disease Resistance Locus I2 Belongs to the Nucleotide Binding, Leucine-Rich Repeat Superfamily of Plant Resistance Genes, The Plant Cell, Vol. 9, No. 4 (Apr., 1997), pp. 521-532
Interstitial Cystitis (2009)

Painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis (PBS/IC) is a chronic disease of unknown etiology characterized by vague bladder pain and nonspecific urinary symptoms, such as urgency and frequency. Although it was initially considered to be a rare condition, its prevalence has significantly increased, possibly because of different definitions used and greater physician awareness. Because of the multiple diagnostic criteria used, there is significant variation in its prevalence. In addition, there is often a delay in the diagnosis of PBS/IC. It affects predominantly women of middle age, and it significantly decreases quality of life. Diagnosis of PBS/IC is mainly a diagnosis of exclusion; there are no characteristic symptoms or pathognomonic findings. Therefore, it is important to rule out diseases that have a similar clinical picture (i.e., urinary infections, bladder carcinoma) but definite therapies and worse prognosis if left untreated. PBS/IC management suffers from lack of evidence; many therapies are empiric or based on small studies and case series. Treatment includes supportive therapies (psychosocial, behavioral, physical), oral treatments, and intravesical treatments, whereas other more invasive treatments such as electric neuromodulation and reconstructive surgery are reserved for refractory cases. Physicians should always keep in mind the diagnosis of PBS/IC in patients presenting with chronic urinary symptoms after excluding other more common diseases.
Can transcutaneous oxygen tension measurement determine re-amputation levels? (2006)

The use of TcPO2 measurements for major amputation level selection resulted in an increased rate of re-amputation. However, there was a trend in gaining a more distal definitive amputation level. Selection of an amputation level solely based on a TcPO2 value is unreliable.
Disinhibitory Interventions and Voluntary Quadriceps Activation: A Systematic Review (2014)

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation demonstrated the strongest and most consistent effects in increasing voluntary quadriceps activation and may be the best disinhibitory intervention for improving the same.
Crystal Structures of the G Protein Giα1 Complexed with GDP and Mg2+:  A Crystallographic Titration Experiment (1998)

The effect of Mg2+ binding on the conformation of the inactive GDP-bound complex of the heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunit Gi alpha 1 has been investigated by X-ray crystallography. Crystal structures of the Gi alpha 1.GDP complex were determined after titration with 5, 10, 100, and 200 mM Mg2+. Comparison of these structures with that of the Mg2+-free complex revealed Mg2+ bound at the same site as observed in the structure of the active, Gi alpha 1. GTP gamma S.Mg2+-bound complex of Gi alpha 1, with a similar coordination scheme except for the substitution of a water molecule for an oxygen ligand of the gamma-phosphate of Gi alpha 1.GTP gamma S. Mg2+. In contrast to the GDP.Mg2+ complex of Gt alpha and of other G proteins, switch I residues of Gi alpha 1 participate in Mg2+ binding and undergo conformational changes as a consequence of Mg2+ binding. Partial order is induced in switch II, which is disordered in the Mg2+-free complex, but no order is observed in the switch III region. This contrasts with the GDP.Mg2+ complex of Gt alpha in which both switch II and III switch are ordered. Mg2+ binding also induces binding of an SO42- molecule to the active site in a manner which may mimic a Gi alpha 1.GDP.PO42-.Mg2+ product complex. Implications of these findings are discussed.
The relation between visual and haptic textures (2008)

Human beings have five senses. However, how the information from the senses becomes integrated into perceptions has not been clarified yet. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the mechanism responsible for the integration of this information. The purpose of this research is to clarify the relation between visual information and physical information in haptic modality. Three experiments are conducted using a haptic mouse to examine the amplitude and waveform. As a result of the experiments, it is determined that the amplitude and the waveform are important in integrating haptic information into visual information, and a saw-tooth wave is suitable for making a smooth impression.