gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of gastric luminal and gastric wall PCO2 during hemorrhagic shock. (1993)

Measurement of gastric wall PCO2 has emerged as a promising monitor of perfusion deficits during low-flow states of circulatory shock. In the present study, gastric luminal PCO2 measured with the gastric tonometer was compared with the PCO2, measured directly in the wall of the stomach during hemorrhagic shock in two groups of five Sprague-Dawley rats. One group was pretreated with the H2 blocker, ranitidine. During a 120-min interval of hemorrhage, tonometer PCO2 increased from 60 +/- 7 mmHg to 90 +/- 10 mmHg, and time-coincident gastric wall PCO2 from 52 +/- 5 mmHg to 131 +/- 14 mmHg. Following reinfusion of shed blood, tonometer PCO2 remained elevated for an interval exceeding 60 min, but gastric wall PCO2 returned to control levels within approximately 10 min. Ranitidine pretreatment did not alter the relationships between gastric wall PCO2 and tonometer PCO2. These observations indicate that gastric luminal PCO2 underestimates relatively rapid increases in gastric wall PCO2 during profound hemorrhagic shock in rats.
Protein S Deficiency Associated to Anti-Protein S Antibodies in a Patient with Mixed Connective-Tissue Disease and Its Reversal by Danazol (1993)

We describe here a female patient with mixed connective tissue disease, secondary antiphospholipid syndrome, pulmonary hypertension and severe acquired, probably autoimmune, antibody-mediated type I coagulation protein S deficiency (total, free and C4bp-bound). No previous instance of anti-PS antibody-associated PS deficiency had been reported. The patient was treated initially with prednisone, but the protein S levels did not rise until danazol was added, and dropped again after its withdrawal.
Reduction of metastasis using a non-volatile buffer (2011)

The tumor microenvironment is acidic as a consequence of upregulated glycolysis and poor perfusion and this acidity, in turn, promotes invasion and metastasis. We have recently demonstrated that chronic consumption of sodium bicarbonate increased tumor pH and reduced spontaneous and experimental metastases. This occurred without affecting systemic pH, which was compensated. Additionally, these prior data did not rule out the possibility that bicarbonate was working though effects on carbonic anhydrase, and not as a buffer per se. Here, we present evidence that chronic ingestion of a non-volatile buffer, 2-imidazole-1-yl-3-ethoxycarbonylpropionic acid (IEPA) with a pK (a) of 6.9 also reduced metastasis in an experimental PC3M prostate cancer mouse model. Animals (n = 30) were injected with luciferase expressing PC3M prostate cancer cells either subcutaneously (s.c., n = 10) or intravenously (i.v., n = 20). Four days prior to inoculations, half of the animals for each experiment were provided drinking water containing 200 mM IEPA buffer. Animals were imaged weekly to follow metastasis, and these data showed that animals treated with IEPA had significantly fewer experimental lung metastasis compared to control groups (P < 0.04). Consistent with prior work, the pH of treated tumors was elevated compared to controls. IEPA is observable by in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy and this was used to measure the presence of IEPA in the bladder, confirming that it was orally available. The results of this study indicate that metastasis can be reduced by non-volatile buffers as well as bicarbonate and thus the effect appears to be due to pH buffering per se.
Clinical Evaluation of C-Film, a Vaginal Contraceptive (1975)

C-Film is a novel presentation of a vaginal contraceptive in the form of a square, water-soluble, plastic film containing the spermicide, nonylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol. The film was used as the sole contraceptive method by 237 women over a total period of 1,866 months. Fourteen pregnancies occurred, thus giving a pregnancy rate of nine per hundred woman-years. Most of these resulted from a failure to follow instructions; the true method failure being two per hundred woman-years. Life-table analysis of the results in 156 women observed for more than twelve months gives a pregnancy rate of 6·5% and a continuation rate of 68·6%. The low continuation rate was largely a reflection of the women's distrust of the method. The study, however, indicates that C-Film is a good vaginal contraceptive, which is well tolerated and acceptably reliable though it should not be considered as an alternative to oral contraception or to an intra-uterine contraceptive device.
Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of aneuploidies: new technologies and clinical applications (2012)

Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) has substantial medical importance as it targets the development of safer and more effective methods to avoid the risk of fetal loss associated with currently used invasive methods. Several approaches have been demonstrated as being proof-of concept for NIPD of chromosomal aneuploidies. These approaches include cell-based and cell-free detection methods, involving the investigation of fetal cells in the maternal circulation, formaldehyde treatment of maternal plasma, DNA methylation studies using sodium bisulfite or restriction enzymes, protein-based studies, identification of fetal-specific mRNAs and digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approaches, and recently next-generation sequencing and methylated DNA immunoprecipitation real-time quantitative PCR-based approaches. Although all these NIPD methods have both advantages and limitations, some are moving closer to clinical implementation. Biotechnology companies dedicated to the development of NIPD tests such as the sequencing- or methylation-based approaches are finalizing large clinical trials. It is expected that these new technologies will facilitate safer, more sensitive and accurate prenatal diagnostic tests in the near future. In this review, we highlight the most recent advances in methods for NIPD of aneuploidies, and we discuss their future implications in clinical practice.
Differential scanning calorimetry studies of irradiated polyethylene: I. Melting temperatures and fusion endotherms (1984)

Abstract The effect of ionizing radiation on the melting behavior of high‐density and low‐density polyethylene was examined with data obtained by differential scanning calorimetry. Melting temperatures and fusion endotherms were obtained after absorbed doses of gamma radiation up to 3 MGy. The changes in melting temperatures and heat of fusion for the first and second meltings are related to the radiation chemistry of polyethylene. The changes in the first melting temperature are caused by radiation‐induced links that decrease the melt entropy and increase the flod surface free‐energy‐per‐unit area of chain‐folded polyethylene crystals. These effects are dependent on the lamellar thickness distribution and on the types of links formed (intramolecular or intermolecular). The changes in melting temperature and heat of fusion obtained in the second melting are related to the inhibition of crystallization caused by the presence of radiation‐induced links.
Sequence homologies between A subunits of Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae enterotoxins. (1981)

The genes coding for the heat-labile enterotoxin LT produced by Escherichia coli have been cloned into the plasmid pBR313. Using DNA derived from the resulting chimeric plasmid, we determined the nucleotide sequence of two regions of the gene coding for the enzymatically active A subunit of LT. Translation of the nucleotide sequence gives the primary structure of the NH2-terminal and COOH-terminal regions of the LT A subunit. This permits direct comparison of the LT A subunit with the A subunit of cholera toxin. Our results show that the two toxins possess homologous sequences, of varying degrees, in both regions of their primary structure. The order of the component A1 and A2 polypeptides is A1-A2. The nucleotide sequence predicts the existence of a signal sequence of 18 amino acids at the NH2-terminus of the A subunit.
Kinetics of channelized membrane ions in magnetic fields (1988)

The cyclotron resonance model for channel ion transport in weak magnetic fields is extended to include damping losses. The conductivity tensor is obtained for different electric field configurations, including the circuital field E phi normal to the channel axis. The conductivity behavior close to the cyclotron resonance frequency omega c is compared to existing Ca2+-efflux data in the literature. A collision time of .023 s results from this comparison under the assumption that K+ ions are transiting in a 0.35 G field. We estimate a mean kinetic energy of 3.5 eV for this ion at resonance. This model leads to discrete modes of vibration (eigenfrequencies) in the ion-lattice interaction, such that omega n = n omega c. The presence of such harmonics is compatible with recent results by Blackman et al. [1985b] and McLeod et al. [1986] with the interesting exception that even modes do not appear in their observations, whereas the present model has no restriction on n. This harmonic formalism is also consistent with another reported phenomenon, that of quantized multiple conductances in single patch-clamped channels.
Experimental validation of a tractable numerical model for focused ultrasound heating in flow-through tissue phantoms (2004)

Heating from high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) can be used to control bleeding, both from individual blood vessels as well as from gross damage to the capillary bed. The presence of vascularity can limit one's ability to elevate the temperature owing to convective heat transport. In an effort to better understand the heating process in tissues with vascular structure we have developed a numerical simulation that couples models for ultrasound propagation, acoustic streaming, ultrasound heating and blood cooling in a Newtonian viscous medium. The 3-D simulation allows for the study of complicated biological structures and insonation geometries. We have also undertaken a series of in vitro experiments employing non-uniform flow-through tissue phantoms and designed to provide verification of the model predictions. We show that blood flow of 2 cm/s (6.4 ml/min through a 2.6 mm 'vessel') can reduce peak temperature in a vessel wall by 25%. We also show that HIFU intensities of 6.5 x 10(5) W/m2 can induce acoustic streaming with peak velocities up to 5 cm/s and this can reduce heating near a vessel wall by more than 10%. These results demonstrate that convective cooling is important in HIFU and can be accounted for within simulation models.
Evaluating measurable residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia (2018)

Mounting evidence indicates that the presence of measurable ("minimal") residual disease (MRD), defined as posttherapy persistence of leukemic cells at levels below morphologic detection, is a strong, independent prognostic marker of increased risk of relapse and shorter survival in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and can be used to refine risk-stratification and treatment response assessment. Because of the association between MRD and relapse risk, it has been postulated that testing for MRD posttreatment may help guide postremission treatment strategies by identifying high-risk patients who might benefit from preemptive treatment. This strategy, which remains to be formally tested, may be particularly attractive with availability of agents that could be used to specifically eradicate MRD. This review examines current methods of MRD detection, challenges to adopting MRD testing in routine clinical practice, and recent recommendations for MRD testing in AML issued by the European LeukemiaNet MRD Working Party. Inclusion of MRD as an end point in future randomized clinical trials will provide the data needed to move toward standardizing MRD assays and may provide a more accurate assessment of therapeutic efficacy than current morphologic measures.
Recent developments in nitric oxide donor drugs (2007)

During the 1980s, the free radical, nitric oxide (NO), was discovered to be a crucial signalling molecule, with wide-ranging functions in the cardiovascular, nervous and immune systems. Aside from providing a credible explanation for the actions of organic nitrates and sodium nitroprusside that have long been used in the treatment of angina and hypertensive crises respectively, the discovery generated great hopes for new NO-based treatments for a wide variety of ailments. Decades later, however, we are still awaiting novel licensed agents in this arena, despite an enormous research effort to this end. This review explores some of the most promising recent advances in NO donor drug development and addresses the challenges associated with NO as a therapeutic agent.
Fractal image compression with quadtree partitioning and a new fast classification strategy (2015)

In this paper, a new fast classification strategy is proposed for fractal image compression with quadtree partitioning technique. The scheme significantly reduces the number of mean square error (MSE) computations during encoding of images. Performance in terms of compression ratios, compression time and PSNR of the fractal image compression with existing and proposed classification strategy are compared. Both techniques use quadtree partitioning scheme. The proposed classification strategy reduces the compression time significantly of the fractal image compression technique maintaining compression ratio and PSNR almost same with its counterpart.
Development of a Digital Analysis System to Evaluate Peanut Maturity (2013)

ABSTRACT The profile color class method developed by Williams and Drexler in 1981 for the prediction of peanut harvest has proven to be a relative description of peanut maturity and is currently used by growers. However, the method requires the subjective visual classification of pods based on the development of color in the mesocarp layer of the hull which naturally introduces variability and possible error in maturity prediction based solely on observer bias. A Digital Image Model (DIM) was developed to eliminate subjectivity in pod color classification. The DIM is a method in which a scanned image of pod mesocarp colors is analyzed using a color definition algorithm. The final output of the DIM is a ratio of pixel color classes. To develop the DIM, replicated plots were established in Florida in 2010 and 2011 and sequentially harvested starting at 120 days after planting (DAP) and then progressing at wk intervals through 155 DAP. At harvest, yield and grade were evaluated for each plot and pod samples were collected for color classification by a single observer using the current profile board method. These same pod samples were then imaged and analyzed with the DIM method. The percentage of black and brown pods (mature pods) classified by the profile board and the DIM method were evaluated to determine the overall performance of the DIM in comparison to the profile board. The DIM method was successful in predicting the percentage of black and brown pods similarly to the profile board in both years with R2 0.63 to 0.82 with images acquired from the saddle region of the pod. There was more variability in matching the DIM prediction to the profile board when imaging pods from random regions, with R2 0.19 to 0.82. The goal of this research was to develop an imaging system that could be accessed by growers, consultants, and extension agents for objective analysis and prediction of peanut maturity.
Basophil Histamine Release and the Diagnosis of Food Allergy (1993)

The glass fiber-based automated chlorometric microtiter plate whole blood leukocyte histamine release test (LHRT) may provide an in vitro correlate to in vivo allergic responses. Depending upon the high affinity of histamine for glass fibers, the fluorometric assay for histamine has a high correlation with radioimmunoassay for native histamine. For the diagnosis of respiratory allergy, up to 90% concordance between basophil histamine release results and skin test results to common inhalant allergens has been noted, although up to 96% concordance of basophil histamine release results in bronchoprovocation tests may occur. In general, the concordance between LHRT results and either skin test results or allergen inhalation challenge results is greater than the concordance between the LHRT results and radioallergosorbent (RAST) results. The LHRT may be a valuable tool for the investigation of drug allergy and food sensitivity. The ability of the LHRT to detect both IgE-mediated and non-IgE-mediated basophil responses is a potential advantage over RAST testing in situations in which the presence of specific IgE directed toward a potential allergen has not as of yet been demonstrated. False-negative LHRT results may occur in 10 to 20% of subjects who have basophils that fail to respond to anti-IgE as a positive control. Advances in both sample and blood and constitution of sample media may minimize this percentage of nonresponding basophils. Differences between mast cell and basophil responses may occur due to functional heterogeneity between basophils and mast cell subtypes.
DNA-mediated transfer of human melanoma cell surface glycoprotein gp130: identification of transfectants by erythrocyte rosetting. (1985)

DNA sequences encoding a human melanoma membrane-bound sialoglycoprotein of 130,000 molecular weight (gp130) were introduced into a clonal derivative of mouse B-16 melanoma cells with the selectable neomycin resistance gene (aminoglycoside phosphotransferase). Mouse transfectants were identified by a rapid and precise screening method with mouse monoclonal antibodies and erythrocyte rosetting. The frequency of gp130 transfectants was approximately 1 in 2,000 to 5,000 colonies with neo+ cells. Analysis of secondary mouse transfectants has revealed that the transfected gp130 has a molecular weight, isoelectric point, intracellular processing, peptide map, and spatial orientation of surface-exposed epitopes indistinguishable from those seen with gp130 from human melanoma cells. In contrast to primary transfectants, secondary transfectants expressing gp130 lack demonstrable human repetitive sequences.
Symptomatic Lumbar Facet Joint Synovial Cysts: Clinical Assessment of Facet Joint Steroid Injection after 1 and 6 Months and Long-term Follow-up in 30 Patients (1999)

One-third of patients with symptomatic lumbar facet joint synovial cysts had long-lasting acceptable benefit from facet joint steroid injections in this study. Steroid injection should be indicated before surgery.
Trifluoroacetic acid cleavage of N-tert-butyl amides. New synthesis of primary sulfamides (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTrifluoroacetic acid cleavage of N-tert-butyl amides. New synthesis of primary sulfamidesJohn D. Catt and W. Lesley MatierCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 4, 566–568Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00918a034https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00918a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views591Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Clicked Bistable [2]Rotaxane (2007)

A universal diazide-terminated polyether, incorporating tetrathiafulvalene (TTF, green) and 1,5-dioxynaphthalene (DNP, red) units, was prepared and subsequently employed in the template-directed synthesis of a switchable donor/acceptor [2]rotaxane. The triazole rings (magenta), which are introduced into the rotaxane during requisite click reactions, do not present themselves as competing recognition sites for the tetracationic cyclophane (blue) as it is induced to switch between the TTF unit, when it becomes dicationic (green adorned with yellow extremities), and the DNP unit.
High-performance DRAMs in workstation environments (2001)

This paper presents a simulation-based performance study of several of the new high-performance DRAM architectures, each evaluated in a small system organization. These small-system organizations correspond to workstation-class computers and use only a handful of DRAM chips (/spl sim/10, as opposed to /spl sim/1 or /spl sim/100). The study covers Fast Page Mode, Extended Data Out, Synchronous, Enhanced Synchronous, Double Data Rate, Synchronous Link, Rambus, and Direct Rambus designs. Our simulations reveal several things: 1) Current advanced DRAM technologies are attacking the memory bandwidth problem but not the latency problem; 2) bus transmission speed will soon become a primary factor limiting memory-system performance; 3) the post-L2 address stream still contains significant locality, though it varies from application to application; 4) systems without L2 caches are feasible for low- and medium-speed CPUs (1 GHz and below); and 5) as we move to wider buses, row access time becomes more prominent, making it important to investigate techniques to exploit the available locality to decrease access time.
Contact impedance estimation for robotic systems (2005)

In this paper, the problem of the on-line estimation of the mechanical impedance during the contact of a robotic system with an unknown environment is considered. Indeed, the knowledge of the mechanical properties could allow to improve the interaction between robotic devices and unstructured and unknown environments, e.g. in telemanipulation tasks. A single-point contact is considered and the (nonlinear) Hunt-Crossley model is taken into account and its better physical consistency in describing the behavior of soft materials is discussed in comparison with the classical (linear) Kelvin-Voigt model. Finally, the on-line estimation algorithm is described and experimental results presented.
Cellular Antioxidant Activity of Common Fruits (2008)

Measurement of antioxidant activity using biologically relevant assays is important in the screening of fruits for potential health benefits. The cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assay quantifies antioxidant activity in cell culture and was developed to meet the need for a more biologically representative method than the popular chemistry antioxidant capacity measures. The objective of the study was to determine the cellular antioxidant activity, total phenolic contents, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values of 25 fruits commonly consumed in the United States. Pomegranate and berries (wild blueberry, blackberry, raspberry, and blueberry) had the highest CAA values, whereas banana and melons had the lowest. Apples were found to be the largest contributors of fruit phenolics to the American diet, and apple and strawberries were the biggest suppliers of cellular antioxidant activity. Increasing fruit consumption is a logical strategy to increase antioxidant intake and decrease oxidative stress and may lead to reduced risk of cancer.
The Photographs of Jacob Riis: History in Relation to Truth (2004)

This article discusses the photographs and writing of Jacob Riis, who was instrumental in informing middle and upperclass people in the 1870's about the poverty and conditions in the slums. It suggests that Riis may have staged some of his photographs, and that he was not without bias in his reporting, but that his pictures and writing did help in charging the social reform movements.