gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of the bone microenvironment in skeletal metastasis (2012)

The bone microenvironment provides a fertile soil for cancer cells. It is therefore not surprising that the skeleton is a frequent site of cancer metastasis. It is believed that reciprocal interactions between tumour and bone cells, known as the "vicious cycle of bone metastasis" support the establishment and orchestrate the expansion of malignant cancers in bone. While the full range of molecular mechanisms of cancer metastasis to bone remain to be elucidated, recent research has deepened our understanding of the cell-mediated processes that may be involved in cancer cell survival and growth in bone. This review aims to address the importance of the bone microenvironment in skeletal cancer metastasis and discusses potential therapeutic implications of novel insights.
A c-kit ligand, recombinant human stem cell factor, mediates reversible expansion of multiple CD34+ colony-forming cell types in blood and marrow of baboons (1992)

The ligand for the human c-kit, recombinant human stem cell factor (SCF), was administered to baboons at doses of 200, 100, 50, 25, and 10 micrograms/kg/d. SCF induced a dose-dependent expansion of hematopoietic colony-forming cells (CFC) of multiple types in both blood and marrow, including colony-forming unit (CFU) granulocyte- monocyte, burst-forming unit-erythroid, CFU-MIX, and high proliferative potential-CFC. These changes were associated with a dose-dependent leukocytosis, involving all leukocyte lineages, a reticulocytosis, and increases in marrow cellularity. At 200 micrograms/kg/d of SCF, CFC in blood were increased 10-fold to greater than 100-fold. This correlated with an increased frequency of CD34+ cells in blood. The frequency of CFC in blood approached that of marrow in some animals. These changes were reversed within 7 to 14 days of stopping SCF. The results of these studies suggest a role for the c-kit ligand in stimulating the expansion of multiple CFC types in blood and marrow for potential therapeutic purposes.
GATA4 and GATA5 are Potential Tumor Suppressors and Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer (2009)

Methylation of GATA4/5 is a common and specific event in colorectal carcinomas, and GATA4/5 exhibit tumor suppressive effects in colorectal cancer cells in vitro. GATA4 methylation in fecal DNA may be of interest for colorectal cancer detection.
Online Monitoring of the Final, Divergent Growth Phase in the Step-Growth Polymerization of Polyamines (2005)

Using automatic, continuous online monitoring of polymerization reactions (ACOMP) the final, divergent growth phase (FDGP) of the condensation polymerization of dimethylamine, epichlorohydrin, and ethylenediamine was monitored, which produced a highly ramified, polyelectrolytic polyamine. The weight average mass, Mw, increased exponentially during the FDGP, whereas weight averaged intrinsic viscosity [η]w increased slowly, reaching a plateau. Multi-detector gel permeation chromatography (GPC) revealed that polymers of mass 20 000 to 106 are branched and self-similar, but above this mass, [η] increases less strongly with M. This appears to be due to higher order ramification, a precursor to gelation. The ACOMP trends in Mw and [η]w provide direct online evidence of this process. It is shown computationally that a mere increase in polydispersity cannot explain this behavior. GPC showed the mass distribution becomes highly asymmetric as conversion increases. A plausible kinetic model for the distribution asymmetry is introduced, and a complementary model for the effects of higher order ramification on [η]w.
Transfer of coded information from sensory to motor networks (1995)

During sensory-guided motor tasks, information must be transferred from arrays of neurons coding target location to motor networks that generate and control movement. We address two basic questions about this information transfer. First, what mechanisms assure that the different neural representations align properly so that activity in the sensory network representing target location evokes a motor response generating accurate movement toward the target? Coordinate transformations may be needed to put the sensory data into a form appropriate for use by the motor system. For example, in visually guided reaching the location of a target relative to the body is determined by a combination of the position of its image on the retina and the direction of gaze. What assures that the motor network responds to the appropriate combination of sensory inputs corresponding to target position in body- or arm-centered coordinates? To answer these questions, we model a sensory network coding target position and use it to drive a similarly modeled motor network. To determine the actual motor response we use decoding methods that have been developed and verified in experimental work. We derive a general set of conditions on the sensory-to-motor synaptic connections that assure a properly aligned and transformed response. The accuracy of the response for different numbers of coding cells is computed. We show that development of the synaptic weights needed to generate the correct motor response can occur spontaneously through the observation of random movements and correlation-based synaptic modification. No error signal or external teaching is needed during this process. We also discuss nonlinear coordinate transformations and the presence of both shifting and nonshifting receptive fields in sensory/motor systems.
Accelerated Clone Selection for Recombinant CHO Cells Using a FACS‐Based High‐Throughput Screen (2007)

Flow cytometry was partnered with a nonfluorescent reporter protein for rapid, early stage identification of clones producing high levels of a therapeutic protein. A cell surface protein, not normally expressed on CHO cells, is coexpressed, as a reporter, with the therapeutic protein and detected using a fluorescently labeled antibody. The genes encoding the reporter protein and the therapeutic protein are linked by an IRES, so that they are transcribed in the same mRNA but are translated independently. Since they each arise from a common mRNA, the reporter protein's expression level accurately predicts the relative expression level of the therapeutic protein for each clone. This method provides an effective process for generating recombinant cell lines producing high levels of therapeutic proteins, with the benefits of rapid and accurate 96-well plate clone screening and elimination of unstable clones at an earlier stage in the development process. Furthermore, because this method does not rely on the availability of an antibody specific for the therapeutic protein being expressed, it can be easily implemented into any cell line development process.
Teicoplanin, antibiotics from Actinoplanes teichomyceticus nov. sp. V. Aromatic constituents. (1984)

Oxidative and hydrolytic degradation reactions were carried out on teicoplanin in order to characterize the aromatic portion of the molecule and relate it to the other members of the class of glycopeptide antibiotics. Seven aromatic rings, obtained as triphenyl ether, diphenyl ether, and diphenyl moieties after oxidation nd hydrolysis of teicoplanin, were identified. They are present in teicoplanin as aromatic amino acids and constitute the peptidic part of the molecule. The diphenyl ether and diphenyl moieties, which were isolated both as esters after oxidation and as alpha-amino acids after acid hydrolysis clearly indicate the nature of the corresponding amino acids in teicoplanin. The triphenyl ether moiety, which was isolated only as ester, allows the hypothesis that the corresponding amino acids are the same as those of the other glycopeptide antibiotics.
Immunology of the gastrointestinal tract (1995)

With the recognition of an independent mucosal immune system, the understanding of gut immunoregulatory functions is developing rapidly. Phenotypic mucosal markers, proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines and the basis of oral tolerance are being characterized, and immunodeficiency states are providing insights into cytokine dysregulation and abnormal immune responses. This knowledge may be harnessed to deliver mucosal vaccines better and to improve understanding and treatment of pathological gut immune events.
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY TREATMENT IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: THE CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF A CD7 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY (1991)

Six patients with rheumatoid arthritis were treated with a CD7 mouse monoclonal antibody, RFT2, daily for 15 days. Only two patients had a significant improvement in clinical disease activity which lasted 7-14 days. No serious adverse effects occurred although all patients developed antibodies against mouse immunoglobulin. During treatment T-lymphocyte numbers decreased and T-lymphocyte CD7 expression was absent in all but one patient.
The activation of Akt/PKB signaling pathway and cell survival (2005)

Akt/PKB is a serine/threonine protein kinase that functions as a critical regulator of cell survival and proliferation. Akt/PKB family comprises three highly homologous members known as PKBalpha/Akt1, PKBbeta/Akt2 and PKBgamma/Akt3 in mammalian cells. Similar to many other protein kinases, Akt/PKB contains a conserved domain structure including a specific PH domain, a central kinase domain and a carboxyl-terminal regulatory domain that mediates the interaction between signaling molecules. Akt/PKB plays important roles in the signaling pathways in response to growth factors and other extracellular stimuli to regulate several cellular functions including nutrient metabolism, cell growth, apoptosis and survival. This review surveys recent developments in understanding the molecular mechanisms of Akt/PKB activation and its roles in cell survival in normal and cancer cells.
Trial use of carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic as a non-Bragg window material of x-ray transmission (1989)

The carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) that can be used for window material in place of beryllium is a composite-type material comprising twisted carbon fibers and bisphenol-A plastic. Since the constituent elements of hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen are thoroughly dispersed as a compound, the mass absorption coefficient of CFRP is somewhat larger than that of beryllium. The diffraction pattern of CFRP shows only a single halo pattern without a Bragg-like peak which is found in Mylar. Through x-ray diffraction, CFRP was confirmed to be practical for use as a non-Bragg window material with a moderately low mass-absorption coefficient and could be substituted for crystalline beryllium.
Photo-reversible Pb2+-complexation of insoluble poly(spiropyran methacrylate-co-perfluorohydroxy methacrylate) in polar solvents (2003)

The first demonstration of photo-reversible Pb2+-complexation of an insoluble spiropyran-carrying copolymer in aqueous solutions is presented.
Fragments from the Lumberman's Life: Labour in the Nova Scotia Forest Industry 1890-1920 (1978)

John Bell, Fragments from the Lumberman's Life: Labour in the Nova Scotia Forest Industry 1890-1920, Bulletin of the Committee on Canadian Labour History / Bulletin du Comité sur l'Histoire Ouvrière Canadienne, No. 5 (Spring, 1978), pp. 19-25
Cooling the Injured Brain: How Does Moderate Hypothermia Influence the Pathophysiology of Traumatic Brain Injury (2007)

Neither any neuroprotective drug has been shown to be beneficial in improving the outcome of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) nor has any prophylactically-induced moderate hypothermia shown any beneficial effect on outcome in severe TBI, despite the optimism generated by preclinical studies. This contrasts with the paradox that hypothermia still is the most powerful neuroprotective method in experimental models because of its ability to influence the multiple biochemical cascades that are set in motion after TBI. The aim of this short review is to highlight the most recent developments concerning the pathophysiology of severe TBI, to review new data on thermoregulation and induced hypothermia, the regulation of core and brain temperature in mammals and the multiplicity of effects of hypothermia in the pathophysiology of TBI. Many experimental studies in the last decade have again confirmed that moderate hypothermia confers protection against ischemic and non-ischemic brain hypoxia, traumatic brain injury, anoxic injury following resuscitation after cardiac arrest and other neurological insults. Many posttraumatic adverse events that occur in the injured brain at a cellular and molecular level are highly temperature-sensitive and are thus a good target for induced hypothermia. The basic mechanisms through which hypothermia protects the brain are clearly multifactorial and include at least the following: reduction in brain metabolic rate, effects on cerebral blood flow, reduction of the critical threshold for oxygen delivery, blockade of excitotoxic mechanisms, calcium antagonism, preservation of protein synthesis, reduction of brain thermopooling, a decrease in edema formation, modulation of the inflammatory response, neuroprotection of the white matter and modulation of apoptotic cell death. The new developments discussed in this review indicate that, by targeting many of the abnormal neurochemical cascades initiated after TBI, induced hypothermia may modulate neurotoxicity and, consequently, may play a unique role in opening up new therapeutic avenues for treating severe TBI and improving its devastating effects. Furthermore, greater understanding of the pathophysiology of TBI, new data from both basic and clinical research, the good clinical results obtained in randomized clinical trials in cardiac arrest and better and more reliable cooling methods have given hypothermia a second chance in treating TBI patients. A critical evaluation of hypothermia is therefore mandatory to elucidate the reasons for previous failures and to design further multicenter randomized clinical trials that would definitively confirm or refute the potential of this therapeutic modality in the management of severe traumatic brain injuries.
Functional imaging of brown adipose tissue with PET: can this provide new insights into the pathophysiology of obesity and thereby direct antiobesity strategies? (2008)

Radiation Medicine Centre (BARC), Tata Memorial Hospital Annexe, Parel, Mumbai, India Correspondence to Dr Sandip Basu, MBBS (Hons), DRM, DNB, MNAMS, Radiation Medicine Centre (BARC), Tata Memorial Hospital Annexe, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India Tel: +09322279718; e-mail: [email protected] Received 12 April 2008 Accepted 3 June 2008
Antitumor agents. II. Bis(guanylhydrazones) of anthracene-9,10-dicarboxaldehydes (1982)

9,10-Anthracenedicarboxaldehyde bis[(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)hydrazone] (bisantrene, VI-1) showed anticancer activity in mice vs. both leukemias and solid tumors. Increases in life span vs. the following neoplasms were: P-388 leukemia, 137%; B-16 melanoma, 122%; Lieberman plasma cell tumor, greater than 85%; colon tumor 26, 150%; Ridgway osteogenic sarcoma, 85%. There were significant numbers of long-term survivors. Both DNA and RNA synthesis were strongly inhibited. The drug was resistant to biodegradation and was bound strongly to tissues; in monkeys the half-life for disappearance from serum was 6 days. Related hydrazones were synthesized, and structure-activity relationships are discussed. Two routes to ring-substituted anthracene-9,10-dicarboxaldehyde intermediates were developed.
Intake of Dietary Phylloquinone and Menaquinones and Risk of Stroke (2013)

In our study, neither dietary phylloquinone nor dietary menaquinones intake were associated with stroke risk.
Evaluation of a Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction Format for DNA Copy Number Quantification (2011)

Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) is a new technology that was recently commercialized to enable the precise quantification of target nucleic acids in a sample. ddPCR measures absolute quantities by counting nucleic acid molecules encapsulated in discrete, volumetrically defined, water-in-oil droplet partitions. This novel ddPCR format offers a simple workflow capable of generating highly stable partitioning of DNA molecules. In this study, we assessed key performance parameters of the ddPCR system. A linear ddPCR response to DNA concentration was obtained from 0.16% through to 99.6% saturation in a 20,000 droplet assay corresponding to more than 4 orders of magnitude of target DNA copy number per ddPCR. Analysis of simplex and duplex assays targeting two distinct loci in the Lambda DNA genome using the ddPCR platform agreed, within their expanded uncertainties, with values obtained using a lower density microfluidic chamber based digital PCR (cdPCR). A relative expanded uncertainty under 5% was achieved for copy number concentration using ddPCR. This level of uncertainty is much lower than values typically observed for quantification of specific DNA target sequences using currently commercially available real-time and digital cdPCR technologies.
Comparison of properties of dielectric films deposited by various methods (1977)

In this review paper, the physico–chemical properties of various dielectric films used on semiconductor devices are compared according to their method of formation or deposition. The insulators which are discussed are silicon dioxide, phosphosilicate glass, silicon nitride, alumina, borosilicate glass, and other silicate glasses. The techniques of formation or deposition are thermal oxidation, CVD and pyrolytic deposition, plasma CVD, dc and rf reactive sputtering, rf sputtering, electron beam evaporation, and fused glass from sedimented powders.
Structure of antigens (1992)

Thermodynamics of Antigen Binding and Evaluation of Humanized Antibodies, R.F. Kelley Mutational Analysis of Antibody Binding Sites, L. Jin and J.A. Wells Epitope Delineation Using Multiple Peptide Synthesis, S.J. Rodda, H.M. Geysen, and G. Tribbick The Structure of T Cell Epitopes, S. Stevanovi'c and H.-G. Rammensee Lysozyme: Antigenic Structure as Defined by Antibody and T Cell Responses, J.-C. Grivel and S.J. Smith-Gill Cytochrome c Antigens, R. Jemmerson, J.M. Minnerath, C.M. Mueller, and S. Buron Muscle Proteins, C. Larue Microtubules as Antigens, A.M. Lambert, V. Stoppin, M. Vantard, J. Canady, and A.C. Schmit Carbohydrate Antigens (Polysaccharides), D. Wang and E.A. Kabat Antigenic Structure of Virus Envelope Glycoproteins, A.R. Neurath and A.K. Debnath Antigenic Structure of Non-Enveloped Viruses, F. Brown Cereal Seed Storage Proteins, J.H. Skerritt and A.S. Tatham Milk Proteins, S. Kaminogawa and A. Ametani
Ribosome profiling-guided depletion of an mRNA increases cell growth rate and protein secretion (2017)

Recombinant protein production coopts the host cell machinery to provide high protein yields of industrial enzymes or biotherapeutics. However, since protein translation is energetically expensive and tightly controlled, it is unclear if highly expressed recombinant genes are translated as efficiently as host genes. Furthermore, it is unclear how the high expression impacts global translation. Here, we present the first genome-wide view of protein translation in an IgG-producing CHO cell line, measured with ribosome profiling. Through this we found that our recombinant mRNAs were translated as efficiently as the host cell transcriptome, and sequestered up to 15% of the total ribosome occupancy. During cell culture, changes in recombinant mRNA translation were consistent with changes in transcription, demonstrating that transcript levels influence specific productivity. Using this information, we identified the unnecessary resistance marker NeoR to be a highly transcribed and translated gene. Through siRNA knock-down of NeoR, we improved the production- and growth capacity of the host cell. Thus, ribosomal profiling provides valuable insights into translation in CHO cells and can guide efforts to enhance protein production.
Engineering Chimeric Antigen Receptors (2017)

Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are recombinant protein molecules that redirect cytotoxic lymphocytes toward malignant and other target cells. The high feasibility of manufacturing CAR-modified lymphocytes for the therapy of cancer has spurred the development and optimization of new CAR T cells directed against a broad range of target antigens. In this review, we describe the main structural and functional elements constituting a CAR, discuss the roles of these elements in modulating the anti-tumor activity of CAR T cells, and highlight alternative approaches to CAR engineering.
A “Traceless” Staudinger Ligation for the Chemoselective Synthesis of Amide Bonds (2000)

[reaction: see text] Here we report a novel modification of our previously reported "Staudinger ligation" that generates an amide bond from an azide and a specifically functionalized phosphine. This method for the selective formation of an amide bond, which does not require the orthogonal protection of distal functional groups, should find general utility in synthetic and biological chemistry.
Mono- and Dinitroxide Styrene Polymerization Initiators (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTMono- and Dinitroxide Styrene Polymerization InitiatorsI. Q. Li, B. A. Howell, R. A. Koster, and D. B. PriddyView Author Information Center for Applications in Polymer Science, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859 The Dow Chemical Company, 438 Building, Midland, Michigan 48667 Cite this: Macromolecules 1996, 29, 26, 8554–8555Publication Date (Web):December 16, 1996Publication History Received11 July 1996Revised22 October 1996Published online16 December 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma9610121https://doi.org/10.1021/ma9610121rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views418Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Copolymers,Hydrocarbons,Polymers,Styrenes Get e-Alerts