gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experience‐dependent modifications of hippocampal place cell firing (1991)

Understanding the empirical rules that regulate alterations of hippocampal firing fields will enhance our understanding of hippocampal function. The current study sought to extend previous research in this area by examining the effect of substituting a new stimulus for a familiar stimulus in a familiar environment. Hippocampal place cells were recorded while rats chased food pellets scattered onto the floor of a cylindrical apparatus with a white cue card affixed to the apparatus wall. Once a place cell had been recorded in the presence of the white card, the white card was replaced by a black card of the same size and shape. The place cell was then recorded in the presence of the black card. Thirty-six cells were recorded using this procedure. All cells had stable firing fields in the presence of the white card. Both the white and black cards had stimulus control over place cell firing; generally, rotation of either card caused an equal rotation of the firing fields present. When the black card was substituted for the white card, place cells showed time-variant changes in their spatial firing patterns. The change was such that the spatial firing patterns of the majority of place cells were similar in the presence of the white and black cards during initial black card exposures. During subsequent presentations of the black card, the spatial firing patterns associated with the 2 cards became distinct from each other. Once the differentiation of firing patterns had occurred in a given rat, all place cells subsequently recorded from that rat had different firing patterns in the presence of the white and black cards. The findings are discussed relative to sensory-, motor-, attentional-, and learning-related interpretations of hippocampal function. It is argued that the time-variant alteration of place cell firing fields observed following exposure to a novel stimulus in this study reflects an experience-dependent modification of place cell firing patterns.
NO Generation From Nitrite and Its Role in Vascular Control (2005)

NO generated from L-arginine by NO synthases (NOSs) in the endothelium and in other cells plays a central role in several aspects of vascular biology. The biological activity of NO is acutely terminated by oxidation to nitrite and nitrate, and these compounds have long been considered only as inert end-products of NO. However, this dogma is now being challenged because recent research convincingly has shown that the nitrite ion can be recycled back to bioactive NO again in blood and tissues. Nitrite reduction to NO can occur via several routes involving enzymes, proteins, vitamins, or even simple protons. This pathway may serve as a backup system for NO generation in conditions such as hypoxia, in which the NOS/L-arginine system is compromised, but detrimental effects can also be foreseen. With this new knowledge, nitrate and nitrite should probably be viewed as storage pools for NO rather than inert waste products. Here we discuss novel aspects of nitrite-dependent NO generation in vivo and its role in vascular control.
Peptide synthesis catalyzed by lipases in anhydrous organic solvents (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPeptide synthesis catalyzed by lipases in anhydrous organic solventsAlexey L. Margolin and Alexander M. KlibanovCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 12, 3802–3804Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00246a060https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00246a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views465Altmetric-Citations162LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins and oxidative stress in patients with acute myocardial infarction. (1994)

Of 138 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 29 were excluded. Remaining 109 patients and 182 healthy controls of similar age and sex and same population were studied in detail for demographic variables, clinical and biochemical data for comparison. Mean age, sex, body weight, body mass index and blood pressures were comparable in the two groups whereas blood lipids, blood glucose and cardiac enzymes were raised in AMI patients compared to controls. Mean levels of vitamin C, E, A and beta-carotene were significantly less in AMI patients than controls whereas the lipid peroxides were significantly higher in AMI patients. The reduction in vitamin C and beta-carotene was more marked than decrease in other vitamins. With in AMI patients, those 28 patients who had cardiac arrhythmias showed greater decrease in vitamins compared to rest of the patients. Within both groups, smokers and diabetes patients had greater reduction in vitamin C and beta-carotene than other patients and subjects without confounding factors. Smokers also had higher lipid peroxides level than non-smokers. The inverse relation between AMI and low plasma vitamin levels remained significant after exclusion of patients with smoking and diabetes. These findings suggest that vitamin deficiency may be a risk factor of AMI and these patients may benefit by administration of these antioxidant vitamins for primary and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease.
Using Out-of-Domain Data for Lexical Addressee Detection in Human-Human-Computer Dialog (2013)

Addressee detection (AD) is an important problem for dialog systems in human-humancomputer scenarios (contexts involving multiple people and a system) because systemdirected speech must be distinguished from human-directed speech. Recent work on AD (Shriberg et al., 2012) showed good results using prosodic and lexical features trained on in-domain data. In-domain data, however, is expensive to collect for each new domain. In this study we focus on lexical models and investigate how well out-of-domain data (either outside the domain, or from single-user scenarios) can fill in for matched in-domain data. We find that human-addressed speech can be modeled using out-of-domain conversational speech transcripts, and that human-computer utterances can be modeled using single-user data: the resulting AD system outperforms a system trained only on matched in-domain data. Further gains (up to a 4 % reduction in equal error rate) are obtained when in-domain and out-of-domain models are interpolated. Finally, we examine which parts of an utterance are most useful. We find that the first 1.5 seconds of an utterance contain most of the lexical information for AD, and analyze which lexical items convey this. Overall, we conclude that the H-H-C scenario can be approximated by combining data from H-C and H-H scenarios only. Work done while first author was an intern with Microsoft. 1
Database of T cell-defined human tumor antigens: the 2013 update. (2013)

The plethora of tumor antigens that have been--and are still being--defined required systematization to provide a comprehensive overview of those tumor antigens that are the most relevant targets for cancer immunotherapy approaches. Here, we provide a new update of a peptide database resource that we initiated many years ago. This database compiles all human antigenic peptides described in the literature that fulfill a set of strict criteria needed to ascertain their actual "tumor antigen" nature, as we aim at guiding scientists and clinicians searching for appropriate cancer vaccine candidates (www.cancerimmunity.org/peptide). In this review, we revisit those criteria in light of recent findings related to antigen processing. We also introduce the 29 new tumor antigens that were selected for this 2013 update. Two of the new peptides show unusual features, which will be briefly discussed. The database now comprises a total of 403 tumor antigenic peptides.
In situ observation and analysis of wet etching process for micro electro-mechanical systems (2002)

Details of the etching of polysilicon sacrificial layers using a KOH etching solution have been studied. Etching rates showed strong dependence on KOH concentration and the structure pattern of the layers. For the clarification of the etching process, in situ observation of an etching process for various micro-membrane structures with polysilicon sacrificial layers has been done. Etching observation equipment was created for this purpose. The equipment is capable of monitoring and recording the etching process in situ under various etching conditions such as temperatures, flow rates and concentrations. It is shown from in situ observation that hydrogen bubbles play an important role in supplying fresh etching solution to the surface to be etched away. Repeated accumulation and exhaust of hydrogen bubbles cause strong oscillatory movement of the membrane structures. This movement results in the fracture of the membrane due to the increase in membrane stress. Based on these results, a system for in situ observation and stress analysis of a wet etching process is proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Contains a Cryptic High Affinity Binding Site for the Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein (1998)

Much of the controversy surrounding the binding of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) to the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) may be due to the labile structure of PAI-1 and the distinct conformations that it can adopt. To examine this possibility and to test the hypothesis that PAI-1 contains a specific high affinity binding site for LRP, a sensitive and quantitative assay for PAI-1 binding to LRP was developed. This assay utilizes a unique PAI-1 mutant that was constructed with a hexapeptide tag at the NH2 terminus, which is recognized by the protein kinase, heart muscle kinase and can be specifically labeled with 32P. Our results show that only 32P-PAI-1 in complex with a proteinase binds LRP with high affinity and is efficiently endocytosed by cells, indicating that a high affinity site for LRP is generated on PAI-1 only when in complex with a proteinase. In addition, PAI-1 in complex with different proteinases is shown to cross-compete for LRP binding, demonstrating that the binding site is independent of the proteinase and therefore must reside on the PAI-1 portion of the complex. Finally, mutagenesis of PAI-1 results in loss of LRP binding, confirming that the high affinity binding site is located on PAI-1 and suggesting that the LRP binding site lays within a region of PAI-1 previously shown to contain the heparin binding domain.
Rationale for a 3D heterogeneous multi-core processor (2013)

Single-ISA heterogeneous multi-core processors are comprised of multiple core types that are functionally equivalent but microarchitecturally diverse. This paradigm has gained a lot of attention as a way to optimize performance and energy. As the instruction-level behavior of the currently executing program varies, it is migrated to the most efficient core type for that behavior.
엑시머 레이저 조사후 Hyaluronic Acid 가 흰쥐의 각막상피 재생에 미치는 영향 (1998)

엑시머 레이저 각막절제술후 hyaluronic acid가 창상치유에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여, 흰쥐 44마리(44안)를 대조군 (PBS 점안)과 실험군(hyaluronic acid 점안)으로 나누어 상피치유속도 및 병리조직학적 변화를 관찰하였고, 면역조직화학적 으로 fibronectin 출현과의 상관관계를 조사하여 다음과 같은결론은 얻었다. 1. 상피재생 속도는 실험군에서 0.38±0.05㎟/h, 대조군에서 0.32±0.05㎟/h로 실험군이 빨랐고, 두 군간의 면적변화는 15시간 이후에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.005). 2. 광학현미경 소견상 실험군에서 실질내 다형핵백혈구 침윤이 적었고, 재생상피의 중층화 현상이 뚜렷하였다. 3. 투과전자현미경 소견상 이동상피의 결합상태는 실험군에서 새로 형성된 치밀판과 절반부착반들이 보인 반면 대조군 에서는 형성이 부진하였다. 상피재생이 끝난 후 부착반과 절반 부착반들이 실험군에서 대조군보다 많이 형성되었다. 4. 주사전자현미경에서는 각막상피가 완전 피복된 72시간에 실험군, 대조군 모두에서 상피표면은 미세융모가 잘 형성 되어 있었다. 5. Fibronectin의 출현은 수술직후는 없었으나, 창상치유가 활발한 15시간에는 두 군 모두에서 적색으로 발현되었고, 상피재생이 끝난 72시간에는 소실되었다. 이상의 결과로 hyaluronic acid는 엑시머레이저 각막 절제술후
상피의 이동 및 재생상피 세로 사이의 결합상태를 강화시켜서 상피재생을 촉진시키며, Fibronectin의 출현에는 영향이 없었다 (한안지 39:1652~1667, 1998).
Clinical and molecular characterization of early‐onset colorectal cancer (2019)

Early-onset CRC is not only distinct from traditional CRC: special consideration should be given to and further investigations should be performed for both very young patients with CRC (18-29 years) and those with predisposing conditions. The etiology of the high rate of CMS1 in patients younger than 40 years deserves further exploration.
Cyclosporin Analogs Inhibit In Vitro Growth ofCryptosporidium parvum (1998)

Cyclosporine and nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin (CS) analogs were demonstrated to be potent inhibitors of the growth of the intracellular parasite Cryptosporidium parvum in short-term (48-h) in vitro cultures. Fifty-percent inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) were 0.4 microM for SDZ 033-243, 1.0 microM for SDZ PSC-833, and 1.5 microM for cyclosporine. Two other analogs were less effective than cyclosporine: the IC50 of SDZ 205-549 was 5 microM, and that of SDZ 209-313 was 7 microM. These were much lower than the IC50 of 85 microM of paromomycin, a standard positive control for in vitro drug assays for this parasite. In addition, intracellular growth of excysted sporozoites that had been incubated for 1 h in cyclosporine was significantly reduced, suggesting that the drug can inhibit sporozoite invasion. The cellular activities of the CS analogs used have been characterized for mammalian cells and protozoa. The two analogs that were most active in inhibiting C. parvum, SDZ PSC-833 and SDZ 033-243, bind weakly to cyclophilin, a peptidyl proline isomerase which is the primary target of cyclosporine and CS analogs. However, they are potent modifiers of the activity of the P glycoproteins/ multidrug resistance (MDR) transporters, members of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily. Hence, both cyclophilin and some ABC transporters may be targets for this class of drugs, although drugs that preferentially interact with the latter are more potent. Cyclosporine (0.5 microM) had no significant chemosensitizing activity. That is, it did not significantly increase sensitivity to paromomycin, suggesting that an ABC transporter is not critical in the efflux of this drug. Cyclosporine at concentrations up to 50 microM was not toxic to host Caco-2 cells in the CellTiter 96 assay. The results of this study complement those of studies of the inhibitory effect of cyclosporine and CS analogs on other apicomplexan parasites, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, and Toxoplasma gondii.
The origin of urinary angiotensins in humans. (1994)

To examine whether urinary angiotensin (ANG) I and II excretion responds to changes in plasma ANG I and ANG II, ANG I or ANG II was infused in seven healthy subjects pretreated with a 340-mmol sodium diet and 20 mg of enalapril twice daily. Infusion rates were 4, 8, 16, and 32 pmol/kg per minute for ANG I and 1, 4, and 8 pmol/kg per minute for ANG II. Baseline ANG I and ANG II excretions averaged 10 and 20 fmol/min, respectively, which is approximately 0.3 and 5% of the filtered loads. Despite a 20-fold increase in plasma ANG I during ANG I infusion, urinary ANG I did not increase. Similarly, the 30-fold increase in plasma ANG II during ANG II infusion was not followed by an increase in ANG II excretion, but in fact by a decrease in urinary ANG I and ANG II. In a separate study, urinary ANG I and ANG II were measured before and after the oral administration of 20 mg of enalapril in eight healthy volunteers taking 400, 200, or 20 mmol of NaCl daily. In contrast to the considerable effects on plasma ANG I and ANG II and renal hemodynamics, enalapril had no effect on urinary ANG I and ANG II. Variation of sodium intake had predictable effects on plasma ANG I and ANG II but did not affect urinary ANG I and ANG II. These data suggest that urinary ANG I and ANG II originate from an intrarenal source. The independency of sodium intake and ANG-converting enzyme make the juxtaglomerular apparatus as the site responsible for the production of this ANG unlikely.
Role of receptor tyrosine kinases in G-protein-coupled receptor regulation of Ras: transactivation or parallel pathways? (2003)

Ras protein regulation by G-protein-coupled receptors has been thought to occur through transactivation of receptor tyrosine kinases. New evidence suggests that these two receptor types independently control different pathways leading to Ras activation in response to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Epidermal growth factor receptor function is needed for basal nucleotide exchange on Ras, whereas the LPA receptor controls an inducible exchange activity.
Interaction between NifL and NifA in the nitrogen-fixing Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501 (2006)

Pseudomonas stutzeri strain A1501 isolated from rice fixes nitrogen under microaerobic conditions in the free-living state. This paper describes the properties of nifL and nifA mutants as well as the physical interaction between NifL and NifA proteins. A nifL mutant strain that carried a mutation non-polar on nifA expression retained nitrogenase activity. Complementation with a plasmid containing only nifL led to a decrease in nitrogenase activity in both the wild-type and the nifL mutant, suggesting that NifL acts as an antiactivator of NifA activity. Using the yeast two-hybrid system and purified protein domains of NifA and NifL, an interaction was shown between the C-terminal domain of NifL and the central domain of NifA, suggesting that NifL antiactivator activity is mediated by direct protein interaction with NifA.
Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals Fabricated in Monolithic Single-Crystal Silicon (2009)

We describe the fabrication of photonic crystals (PCs) in monolithic single-crystal Si on standard wafers without the need for silicon-on-insulator materials, and we demonstrate two types of PC devices based on this technology. The first is a PC mirror that exhibits broadband high reflectivity in the telecommunication wavelength band (> 90% from 1420 to 1520 nm). The second device shows large changes in reflectivity over narrow wavelength regions and has a sharp (3.5 nm wide) reflection minimum around 1550 nm, making the PC well suited for sensor applications. In both types of PC devices, guided resonances in the PC slab are exploited to obtain the desired reflection response. The PCs are fabricated in a process consisting of a series of oxidation and etch steps, with only one initial lithographic mask. The resulting PC slabs are monolithic structures, with the advantages of very thin and flat membranes with low internal stress, no temperature expansion coefficient mismatch, and compatibility with microelectromechanical systems and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor processing.
Adsorbed Molecules as Interchangeable Dopants and Scatterers with a Van der Waals Bonding Memory in Graphene Sensors (2020)

Molecular adsorption-induced doping and scattering play a central role in the detection mechanism of graphene gas sensors. However, while the doping contributions in electric field-enhanced gas sensing is well studied, an understanding of the effects of scattering is still lacking. In this work, the scattering contribution of the graphene-molecule van der Waals (vdW) complex is studied under various electric fields and the associated vdW bonding retention in the complex is investigated. We show that contrary to the generally opined view, doping does not always dominate the graphene-molecule vdW complex interaction and consequently the conductivity response in graphene sensors, rather the vdW complex interaction only shows doping-dominated interaction at zero electric fields while scattering increases with electric field modulation. The experimentally observed electric field-dependent scattering response agrees with electron difference density analysis from density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which shows that scattering is directly dependent on the electric field-induced molecular reorientation as well as the redistribution and delocalization of charge in the graphene-gas molecule vdW complex. Furthermore, "vdW bonding memory", i.e., retention of electric field-induced vdW bonding states after turning off the electric field, is observed and shown to result from the high binding energies of the vdW complexes, which are an order of magnitude higher than the sensing measurement thermal energy. This vdW bonding memory in the graphene-molecule complexes is important for the molecular identification of adsorbed gases based on their tunable charge transfer characteristics.
Stereospecific Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of endo-Dicyclopentadiene by Schrock–Hoveyda Catalyst and Novel Mo- and W-based Complexes. Development of Crystalline Hydrogenated Poly(endo-dicyclopentadiene) (2003)

Abstract Novel crystalline polymer, crystalline hydrogenated poly(endo-dicyclopentadiene), was developed on the basis of the development of new cis- and iso-specific ROMP catalysts such as MoO(rac-5,5′,6,6′-Me4-3,3′-t-Bu2-2,2′-biphenolate)2.
Growth and Structure of Chemically Vapor Deposited Ge Nanowires on Si Substrates (2004)

Chemical vapor deposition by Au-catalyzed decomposition of GeH4 has been used to grow Ge nanowires on single-crystal silicon. The nanowires grow over the temperature range ∼320−380 °C under the conditions used, probably by the vapor−liquid−solid (VLS) process. The low-temperature growth aids integration with conventional electronic devices. At the optimum temperature near 320 °C, many of the nanowires are epitaxially oriented with the substrate crystal structure, growing in 〈111〉 directionsat an oblique angle on (001)-oriented Si substrates and nearly vertically on Si(111). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy confirms that the nanowires grow in the 〈111〉 directions and that the crystal lattice continues from the substrate into the nanowires. Transmission electron microscopy also shows that the nanowires contain very few crystalline defects. Au-containing nanoparticles (possibly γ-phase Au0.6Ge0.4) are found at the tips of the nanowires, but no Au can be detected within the nanowires themselves.
Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus activity by phosphorodithioate oligodeoxycytidine. (1992)

Phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides exert a sequence-independent cytoprotective effect against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We now report that phosphorodithioate-containing oligodeoxycytidines are very potent inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase in vitro, as they exhibit an increasing inhibitory effect with length and number of phosphorodithioate internucleotide linkages. This inhibitory effect can be at least 30-fold greater with phosphorodithioate oligodeoxycytidine than for the corresponding phosphorothioate analog of similar length. In cell culture, phosphorodithioate oligodeoxycytidines are active inhibitors of syncytia formation and effectively inhibit de novo infection of target cells by HIV-1. Moreover, comparative experiments show that a deoxycytidine phosphorodithioate 14-mer is as effective an inhibitor of de novo infection as a phosphorothioate-containing 28-mer. Such potent inhibition by oligomers of relatively short length makes dithioate analogs an additional class of potential therapeutic agents against acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.