gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Consensus-Based Distributed Computational Intelligence Technique for Real-Time Optimal Control in Smart Distribution Grids (2016)

In real-time large-scale optimization problems, such as in smart grids, centralized algorithms may face difficulties in handling fast-varying system conditions, such as high variability of renewable-based distributed generators (DGs) and controllable loads (CLs). Further, centralized algorithms may encounter computation and communication bottlenecks while handling a large number of variables. To tackle these issues, consensus-based distributed strategies have been proposed recently. However, distributed computational intelligence (CI)-based techniques can provide a much better near-optimal solution within fewer iterations of the algorithm, which is a critical requirement in smart grids. Therefore, in this paper, a consensus-based dimensiondistributed CI technique is proposed for real-time optimal control in smart distribution grids in which a large number of DGs and CLs are present. The proposed approach considers each DG or CL as a separate private entity, which is more relevant from the perspective of smart grid optimization. In the proposed consensusbased framework, each DG or CL is associated with an agent, and each agent is allowed to communicate only with its neighboring agents. The effectiveness of the proposed approach in terms of convergence, adaptability, and optimality with respect to a centralized algorithm and a benchmark algorithm is shown through simulations on 30-node and 119-node distribution test systems.
Immunohistochemical detection of mismatch repair gene proteins as a useful tool for the identification of colorectal carcinoma with the mutator phenotype (2000)

There are two well-defined pathways for colorectal carcinogenesis, the suppressor and the mutator pathways. The latter is characteristic of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), but can also be found in a subset of sporadic colorectal cancer (SCC) possessing distinctive clinical and pathological features, namely early age of onset, location in the right colon, poor differentiation, and a predominant mucinous component. This mutator pathway results from inactivation of mismatch repair (MMR) genes, namely MSH2 and MLH1. The aim of this study was to ascertain if abnormal MMR protein gene expression is a good indicator for identifying tumours from the mutator pathway. Seventy-six cases of SCC were studied by immunohistochemistry using two monoclonal mouse antibodies that react against MSH2 and MLH1 protein gene products. Immunoexpression was assessed both in tumour and in non-neoplastic, adjacent and distant mucosa. Microsatellite instability (MSI) was detected by evaluating the length of poly(CA) repeated sequences at seven loci, or by the detection of small unstable alleles in a poly(A) repeat - BAT-26. Except for BAT-26, in which only tumour DNA was used, MSI analysis was performed in both tumour and normal mucosal DNA. MSI was classified as high (MSI-H), low (MSI-L) or stable (MSS). Abnormal protein expression was found in 9/76 (12%) tumours. Immunohistochemistry for hmlh1 and hmsh2 detected 75% of MSI-H. There was also a highly significant correlation between the observed immunoexpression and several clinical and pathological characteristics described as the phenotypic profile of the mutator pathway, such as right-sided location (p=0.003), mucin production (p=0.008), and a peritumoural lymphoid infiltrate (p=0.009). Non-neoplastic adjacent mucosa showed normal hMSH2 expression in all cases, but in ten cases there was no hMLH1 expression in this transitional mucosa, which is known to display an alterated mucin pattern and a high proliferative rate. These results demonstrated a good correlation between hMLH1 and hMSH2 gene immunoexpression and the clinico-pathological features characteristic of the mutator phenotype and support the use of this method as a rapid and efficient way to detect tumours arising from this pathway.
Efficient implementation of the smalltalk-80 system (1984)

The Smalltalk-80* programming language includes dynamic storage allocation, full upward funargs, and universally polymorphic procedures; the Smalltalk-80 programming system features interactive execution with incremental compilation, and implementation portability. These features of modern programming systems are among the most difficult to implement efficiently, even individually. A new implementation of the Smalltalk-80 system, hosted on a small microprocessor-based computer, achieves high performance while retaining complete (object code) compatibility with existing implementations. This paper discusses the most significant optimization techniques developed over the course of the project, many of which are applicable to other languages. The key idea is to represent certain runtime state (both code and data) in more than one form, and to convert between forms when needed.
How distinction between work and object helps us in ontology of art? (2018)

The ontological question challanges the nature of the existence of works of art. The text presents basic questions that meaningfuly put questions about the ontological nature of art. It also examines the hypothesis of the physical object and R. Wollheim's arguments against this hypothesis. The essence of the article is the reconstruction of P. Lamarque's approach, which in his book, Art &amp; Object, distinguishes these two elements as key to explain how works of art exist. The object is considered to be a medium, but from the point of view of pure (physical) objects, artwork does not exist. Lamarque argues that art occurs where there is also cultural and institutional understanding of objects as works of art.
The role of action potential prolongation and altered intracellular calcium handling in the pathogenesis of heart failure (1998)

Action potential prolongation is a common finding in human heart failure and in animal models of cardiac hypertrophy. The mechanism of action potential prolongation involves altered expression of a variety of depolarising and hyperpolarising currents in the myocardium. In particular, decreased density of the transient outward potassium current seems to play a prominent role, regardless of species, precipitating factors or the severity of hypertrophy. The decreased density of the transient outward current appears to be caused by reduced transcription of Kv4.2 and Kv4.3 and may be caused in part by an inhibitory effect of a-adrenoceptor stimulation. During the early stage of the disease process, action potential prolongation may increase the amplitude of the intracellular calcium transient, causing positive inotropy. We argue therefore, that action prolongation may be a compensatory response which may acutely support the compromised cardiac output. In severe hypertrophy and end-stage heart failure however, despite continued action potential prolongation, the amplitude of the calcium transient becomes severely reduced. The mechanism underlying this event appears to involve reduced expression of calcium handling proteins, and these late events may herald the onset of failure. At present the events leading to the late changes in calcium handling are poorly understood. However, chronic activation of compensatory mechanisms including action potential prolongation may trigger these late events. In the present article we outline a hypothesis which describes a potential role for action potential prolongation, and the associated elevation in the levels of intracellular calcium, in maladaptive gene expression and the progression toward cardiac failure.
Computer vision: algorithms and applications (2011)

Humans perceive the three-dimensional structure of the world with apparent ease. However, despite all of the recent advances in computer vision research, the dream of having a computer interpret an image at the same level as a two-year old remains elusive. Why is computer vision such a challenging problem and what is the current state of the art? Computer Vision: Algorithms and Applications explores the variety of techniques commonly used to analyze and interpret images. It also describes challenging real-world applications where vision is being successfully used, both for specialized applications such as medical imaging, and for fun, consumer-level tasks such as image editing and stitching, which students can apply to their own personal photos and videos. More than just a source of recipes, this exceptionally authoritative and comprehensive textbook/reference also takes a scientific approach to basic vision problems, formulating physical models of the imaging process before inverting them to produce descriptions of a scene. These problems are also analyzed using statistical models and solved using rigorous engineering techniques Topics and features: structured to support active curricula and project-oriented courses, with tips in the Introduction for using the book in a variety of customized courses; presents exercises at the end of each chapter with a heavy emphasis on testing algorithms and containing numerous suggestions for small mid-term projects; provides additional material and more detailed mathematical topics in the Appendices, which cover linear algebra, numerical techniques, and Bayesian estimation theory; suggests additional reading at the end of each chapter, including the latest research in each sub-field, in addition to a full Bibliography at the end of the book; supplies supplementary course material for students at the associated website, http://szeliski.org/Book/. Suitable for an upper-level undergraduate or graduate-level course in computer science or engineering, this textbook focuses on basic techniques that work under real-world conditions and encourages students to push their creative boundaries. Its design and exposition also make it eminently suitable as a unique reference to the fundamental techniques and current research literature in computer vision.
Defects in regulation of apoptosis in caspase-2-deficient mice (1998)

During embryonic development, a large number of cells die naturally to shape the new organism. Members of the caspase family of proteases are essential intracellular death effectors. Herein, we generated caspase-2-deficient mice to evaluate the requirement for this enzyme in various paradigms of apoptosis. Excess numbers of germ cells were endowed in ovaries of mutant mice and the oocytes were found to be resistant to cell death following exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs. Apoptosis mediated by granzyme B and perforin was defective in caspase-2-deficient B lymphoblasts. In contrast, cell death of motor neurons during development was accelerated in caspase-2-deficient mice. In addition, caspase-2-deficient sympathetic neurons underwent apoptosis more effectively than wild-type neurons when deprived of NGF. Thus, caspase-2 acts both as a positive and negative cell death effector, depending upon cell lineage and stage of development.
Mechanism for Rapid Self-Assembly of Block Copolymer Nanoparticles (2003)

Amphiphilic block copolymers in solution spontaneously self-assemble when the solvent quality for one block is selectively decreased. We demonstrate that, for supersaturation ratio changes [d(S)/dt] over 10(5) per second from equilibrium, nanoparticles are obtained with a formation mechanism and size dependent on the jumping rate and magnitude. The threshold rate for homogeneous precipitation is determined by the induction time of a particle, equivalent to the diffusion limited fusion of copolymer chains to form a corona of overlapping soluble brushes. Via determination of the induction time with a novel confined impinging jets mixer and use of a scaling relation, the interfacial free energy of a block copolymer nanoparticle was measured for the first time.
Self-scanned anode array with a microchannel plate electron multiplier: the SSANACON (1977)

A unique type of photoelectron counting detector utilizes a 128-element linear self-scanned anode array to collect the output of a dual microchannel plate (MCP) electron multiplier. This detector, developed for the Mariner Jupiter/Saturn Ultraviolet Spectrometer, offers low noise and large dynamic range; having a dark count rate of about 3 x 10(-3) (anode-sec)(-1), it could simultaneously measure two spatially separated signals differing in count rate by more than 6 orders of magnitude. The design of the anode array drew heavily on existing self-scanned photodiode array technology. The 128 narrow aluminum anodes, each 3 mm long, were deposited on 0.1-mm centers for a total collecting area length of 13 mm. The specially designed MCP's had a rectangular active area corresponding to the collecting area of the anode array. Proximity focusing was employed. Spatial resolution was dependent on the separation and potential difference between the MCP and the anode array. The location of a spectral line could be determined to a fraction of one anode width after a few events had been recorded. Investigations of microchannel plates included measurements of the log-term gain degradation; the MCP gain was found to decrease in relation to the total charge extracted from the plate.
Isolation of a cell line insensitive to growth-restricting action of dextran sulfate from 3t6 cells. (1977)

In the medium containing dextran sulfate, 3T6 cells stopped growth at almost monolayer stage and showed decreased saturation density. This action of dextran sulfate is referred to as a growth restriction. About 70% of untreated 3T6 cells formed piled-up colonies whereas the remaining 30% formed monolayer colonies. Fraction of the latter increased with increasing concentration of dextran sulfate in the medium. Cell lines sensitive and insensitive to the growth-restricting action of the compound were cloned from colonical culture of the wild type cells. Sensitive cells showed a slightly less saturation density than the wild type cells in the presence of dextran sulfate. Insensitive cells grown in dextran sulfate medium showed almost the same growth rate and saturation density as the untreated wild type cells grown in the absence of the compound.
Electroimmuno Assay (1972)

Quantitative analysis of proteins by electrophoresis into antibody containing agarose gel - the electroimmuno assay - is described with special reference to technical details and to the variation in appearance of the immunopreci-pitates in different antigen-antibody systems. The utility of the method is compared with the single radial immunodiffusion technique. Both methods have similar sensitivity and precision. They are simple enough for clinical routine work. The results are obtained faster and differences in size of the antigen-carrying molecules in samples are often easier to recognise with the electrophoretic technique, which also facilitates evaluation of separations obtained on protein chromatography.
KAS IV: a 3‐ketoacyl‐ACP synthase fromCuphea sp. is a medium chain specific condensing enzyme (1998)

cDNA clones encoding a novel 3-ketoacyl-ACP synthase (KAS) have been isolated from Cuphea. The amino acid sequence of this enzyme is different from the previously characterized classes of KASs, designated KAS I and III, and similar to those designated as KAS II. To define the acyl chain specificity of this enzyme, we generated transgenic Brassica plants over-expressing the cDNA encoded protein in a seed specific manner. Expression of this enzyme in transgenic Brassica seeds which normally do not produce medium chain fatty acids does not result in any detectable modification of the fatty acid profile. However, co-expression of the Cuphea KAS with medium chain specific thioesterases, capable of production of either 12:0 or 8:0/10:0 fatty acids in seed oil, strongly enhances the levels of these medium chain fatty acids as compared with seed oil of plants expressing the thioesterases alone. By contrast, co-expression of the Cuphea KAS along with an 18:0/18.1-ACP thioesterase does not result in any detectable modification of the fatty acids. These data indicate that the Cuphea KAS reported here has a different acyl-chain specificity to the previously characterized KAS I, II and III. Therefore, we designate this enzyme KAS IV, a medium chain specific condensing enzyme.
Cloned T cells internalize peptide from bound complexes of peptide and purified class II major histocompatibility complex antigen (1993)

Antigen presentation to helper T cells involves the formation of a trimolecular complex consisting of a class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen combined with an antigenic peptide on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell and a T cell receptor (TCR) on the T cell. The fate of the MHC class II, peptide, or TCR moieties of the ternary complex following antigen presentation is unknown. Using radiolabeled complexes of affinity-purified murine MHC class II molecules and peptides corresponding to T cell epitopes of myelin basic protein (MBP), this report presents evidence that the binding of preformed relevant MHC class II-peptide complexes to cloned T cells in vitro results in internalization of the peptide moiety. Neither the restricting MHC class II molecule nor the TCR moiety of the trimolecular complex was internalized by T cells. The specificity of peptide internalization was demonstrated using complexes of syngeneic MHC class II with an irrelevant MBP peptide analog and by cloned T cells restricted for a different epitope of the same MBP antigen. Furthermore, the peptide translocation mediated by MHC class II and TCR was demonstrated by antibody-blocking experiments using anti-class and anti-TCR monoclonal antibodies. The peptide internalization by T cells was markedly reduced when binding was performed at 4 degrees C as compared with 37 degrees C. In addition, a significant inhibition of peptide translocation was observed in the presence of a metabolic inhibitor (sodium azide) but not in the presence of cytochalasin B. These results together demonstrate that the in vitro interaction of soluble MHC II-peptide complexes with cloned T cells is an active process associated with uptake of the antigenic peptide.
The Emerging Role of HMGB1 in Neuropathic Pain: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Neuroinflammation (2016)

Neuropathic pain (NPP) is intolerable, persistent, and specific type of long-term pain. It is considered to be a direct consequence of pathological changes affecting the somatosensory system and can be debilitating for affected patients. Despite recent progress and growing interest in understanding the pathogenesis of the disease, NPP still presents a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) mediates inflammatory and immune reactions in nervous system and emerging evidence reveals that HMGB1 plays an essential role in neuroinflammation through receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLR), receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), C-X-X motif chemokines receptor 4 (CXCR4), and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. In this review, we present evidence from studies that address the role of HMGB1 in NPP. First, we review studies aimed at determining the role of HMGB1 in NPP and discuss the possible mechanisms underlying HMGB1-mediated NPP progression where receptors for HMGB1 are involved. Then we review studies that address HMGB1 as a potential therapeutic target for NPP.
An overloaded MIMO signal detection scheme with slab decoding and lattice reduction (2015)

This paper proposes a reduced complexity signal detection scheme for overloaded MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) systems. The proposed scheme firstly divides the transmitted signals into two parts, the post-voting vector containing the same number of signal elements as of receive antennas, and the pre-voting vector containing the remaining elements. Secondly, it uses slab decoding to reduce the solution candidates of the pre-voting vector and determines the post-voting vectors for each pre-voting vector candidate by lattice reduction aided MMSE (Minimum Mean Square Error)-SIC (Successive Interference Cancellation) detection. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can achieve almost the same performance as the optimal ML (Maximum Likelihood) detection while drastically reducing the required computational complexity.
Butyl-meta-cycloheptylprodiginine-A revision of the structure of the former ortho-isomer. (1991)

A red pigment produced by the actinomycete strain B 4358 was identified as butyl-meta-cycloheptylprodiginine (4) by 1H, 13C and correlation via long range coupling NMR spectra. It shows striking spectroscopic similarities to butyl-ortho-cycloheptylprodiginine (1), the structure of which needs to be revised.
Does cerebral blood flow decline in healthy aging? A PET study with partial-volume correction. (2000)

This study suggests that CBF may not decline with age in healthy individuals and that failure to correct for the dilution effect of age-related cerebral atrophy may confound interpretation of previous PET studies that have shown aging reductions in physiologic measurements.
Synthesizing regular expressions from examples for introductory automata assignments (2016)

We present a method for synthesizing regular expressions for introductory automata assignments. Given a set of positive and negative examples, the method automatically synthesizes the simplest possible regular expression that accepts all the positive examples while rejecting all the negative examples. The key novelty is the search-based synthesis algorithm that leverages ideas from over- and under-approximations to effectively prune out a large search space. We have implemented our technique in a tool and evaluated it with non-trivial benchmark problems that students often struggle with. The results show that our system can synthesize desired regular expressions in 6.7 seconds on the average, so that it can be interactively used by students to enhance their understanding of regular expressions.
Constitutive expression of a putative high‐affinity nitrate transporter in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia: evidence for post‐transcriptional regulation by a reduced nitrogen source (2000)

The NpNRT2.1 gene encodes a putative inducible component of the high-affinity nitrate (NO3-) uptake system in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. Here we report functional and physiological analyses of transgenic plants expressing the NpNRT2.1 coding sequence fused to the CaMV 35S or rolD promoters. Irrespective of the level of NO3- supplied, NO3- contents were found to be remarkably similar in wild-type and transgenic plants. Under specific conditions (growth on 10 mM NO3-), the steady-state NpNRT2. 1 mRNA level resulting from the deregulated transgene expression was accompanied by an increase in 15NO3- influx measured in the low concentration range. This demonstrates for the first time that the NRT2.1 sequence codes a limiting element of the inducible high-affinity transport system. Both 15NO3- influx and mRNA levels decreased in the wild type after exposure to ammonium, in agreement with previous results from many species. Surprisingly, however, influx was also markedly decreased in transgenic plants, despite stable levels of transgene expression in independent transformants after ammonium addition. We conclude that the conditions associated with the supply of a reduced nitrogen source such as ammonium, or with the generation of a further downstream metabolite, probably exert a repressive effect on NO3- influx at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.