gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microporosity in Arab Formation Carbonates, Saudi Arabia (1999)

ABSTRACT Microporosity occurs throughout Arab Formation carbonates of Saudi Arabia, and affects the log response, fluid flow properties and ultimate recovery of hydrocarbons in these reservoirs. Qualitative examination of Arab samples indicates that microporosity occurs as four major types: (1) microporous grains, (2) microporous matrix, (3) microporous fibrous to bladed cements, and (4) microporous equant cements. Quantitative estimation of microporosity abundance was measured in two ways: (1) thin section point counts, and (2) pore throat size distributions derived from capillary pressure data. Point count data shows that microporosity can vary widely from sample to sample, ranging from 0% to 100% of the total measured porosity of a sample. Capillary pressure data confirms the volumetric significance of pore throats that are 10 microns or less in size. Variations in microporosity abundance and type appear to be controlled by depositional texture, grain mineralogy and grain microstructure. We suggest that microporosity in Arab Formation carbonates formed diagenetically, via three mechanisms: (1) leaching and incomplete reprecipitation of metastable carbonate, (2) crystal growth contact inhibition, and (3) (locally) endolithic borings of grains.
<title>Digital imaging colorimeter for fast measurement of chromaticity coordinate and luminance uniformity of displays</title> (2001)

Color and luminance uniformity testing of displays is often limited to fewer than ten measurements points on the display surface due to the length of time necessary to make a single point measurement. A CCD-based digital imaging tristimulus colorimeter has been developed which is capable of measuring luminance and chromaticity coordinates at over one million spatial locations in several seconds. The Four-Color Method of colorimeter calibration, recently proposed by NIST, has been employed and found to be superior to single point calibration using Illuminant A. Color and luminance uniformity of a CRT and LCD display were measured using the new digital imaging tristimulus colorimeter and a diode array spectrometer. The data show that chromaticity coordinate and luminance measurements using the CCD-based imaging tristimulus colorimeter compare favorably with the point measurements obtained using a diode array spectrometer over the color gamut of a CRT and LCD display.
Peptoids: a modular approach to drug discovery. (1992)

Peptoids, oligomers of N-substituted glycines, are described as a motif for the generation of chemically diverse libraries of novel molecules. Ramachandran-type plots were calculated and indicate a greater diversity of conformational states available for peptoids than for peptides. The monomers incorporate t-butyl-based side-chain and 9-fluorenylmethoxy-carbonyl alpha-amine protection. The controlled oligomerization of the peptoid monomers was performed manually and robotically with in situ activation by either benzotriazol-1-yloxytris(pyrrolidino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate or bromotris(pyrrolidino)phosphonium hexaflurophosphate. Other steps were identical to peptide synthesis using alpha-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)amino acids. A total of 15 monomers and 10 oligomers (peptoids) are described. Preliminary data are presented on the stability of a representative oligopeptoid to enzymatic hydrolysis. Peptoid versions of peptide ligands of three biological systems (bovine pancreatic alpha-amylase, hepatitis A virus 3C proteinase, and human immunodeficiency virus transactivator-responsive element RNA) were found with affinities comparable to those of the corresponding peptides. The potential use of libraries of these compounds in receptor- or enzyme-based assays is discussed.
A functionally active retrovirus vector for gene therapy in Fanconi anemia group C (1994)

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive pancytopenia, congenital abnormalities, and a predisposition to malignancy. Recently, mutation in a novel gene named FACC (Fanconi anemia C complementing) has been identified as causing one type of FA. Here, we report successful functional complementation of four FA(C) cell lines using a retroviral vector to transfer a copy of the normal FACC gene. The hallmark of the FA cell phenotype is extreme sensitivity to cross-linking agents such as mitomycin C (MMC). Cell lines transduced by FACC viral vectors were distinguished by their ability to grow at concentrations of MMC several orders of magnitude higher than those concentrations inhibitory of parental controls. The genetically corrected cell lines were analyzed for susceptibility to MMC-induced chromosomal breakage and were found to have been normalized. These two different assays confirmed that our retroviral vectors were capable of transferring a functional FACC gene to lymphoid cell lines established from FA(C) patients. We next analyzed the ability of our viral vectors to functionally correct hematopoietic progenitor cells from a patient bearing a splice donor mutation. Progenitor cells were purified by an immunoaffinity column to enrich for cells with high CD34 expression. Similar to FA lymphoid cell lines, this patient's CD34-enriched cells were extremely sensitive to MMC. After infection of these progenitor cells with viral vectors bearing normal FACC, increased numbers of colonies formed both in the absence and presence of &lt; or = 5 nmol/L MMC, but no colonies formed from uninfected cells, even in the absence of MMC. Polymerase chain amplification was used to confirm proviral DNA integration. Thus, retroviral vectors can be engineered to transfer a normal FACC gene to lymphoid cell lines and primary hematopoietic cells bearing four different FACC mutations. FA stem cells rescued by gene transduction should have a selective growth advantage within the hypoplastic FA marrow environment in vivo. These experiments suggest that gene therapy may be an effective treatment strategy for FA.
The Creutz-Taube complex revisited (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Creutz-Taube complex revisitedUrs Fuerholz, Hans Beat Buergi, Friedrich E. Wagner, Anton Stebler, John H. Ammeter, Elmars Krausz, Robin J. H. Clark, Martin J. Stead, and Andreas LudiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 1, 121–123Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00313a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00313a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views815Altmetric-Citations95LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A longitudinal study of the T cell activation marker CD26 in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis (1995)

Activated T cells are implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Serial measurements of T cell activation molecules and T cell subpopulations were performed over 12 months in patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis and healthy controls, and correlated with clinical indices of disease progression measured by standardized disability scores. Of the markers studied, the activation molecule CD26 appeared to exhibit a more consistent pattern and to be elevated in MS patients; therefore we concentrated our attention on this marker, especially in view of recent evidence of its role in T cell activation. In this small patient group, the elevation of CD26 in the MS patients did not reach statistical significance, when compared to the level in the controls. Interestingly, the percentage of CD26 but not CD25 or HLA-DR correlated with the MS patients' disability scores. However, the clinical significance of this observation as an indication of disease activity in chronic progressive MS remains to be demonstrated in studies of larger patient populations.
Definition of the Minimal MEN1 Candidate Area Based on a 5-Mb Integrated Map of Proximal 11q13 (1996)

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant disorder with a high penetrance characterized by tumors of the parathyroid glands, the endocrine pancreas, and the anterior pituitary. The MEN1 gene, a putative tumor suppressor gene, has been mapped to a 3- to 8-cM region in chromosome 11q13 but it remains elusive as yet. We have combined the efforts and resources from four laboratories to form the European Consortium on MEN1 with the aims of establishing the genetic and the physical maps of 11q13 and of further narrowing the MEN1 region. A 5-Mb integrated map of the region was established by fluorescence in situ hybridization on both metaphase chromosomes and DNA fibers, by hybridization to DNA from somatic cell hybrids containing various parts of human chromosome 11, by long-range restriction mapping, and by characterization of YACs and cosmids. Polymorphic markers were positioned and ordered by physical mapping and genetic linkage in 86 MEN1 families with 452 affected individuals. Two critical recombinants identified in two affected cases placed the MEN1 gene in an approximately 2-Mb region around PYGM, flanked by D11S1883 and D11S449.
Overlay Method for Detecting Protein-Protein Interactions (2003)

A simple method to identify protein kinase C (PKC)-interacting proteins is the overlay or far Western assay. This technique uses proteins and/or their putative binding domains as probes to detect binding to immobilized proteins, which are resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). This is a simple and fast assay that may be used to complement other assays used to detect protein-protein interactions.
Probiotics and antibodies to TNF inhibit inflammatory activity and improve nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (2003)

Ob/ob mice, a model for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), develop intestinal bacterial overgrowth and overexpress tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). In animal models for alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), decontaminating the intestine or inhibiting TNF-alpha improves AFLD. Because AFLD and NAFLD may have a similar pathogenesis, treatment with a probiotic (to modify the intestinal flora) or anti-TNF antibodies (to inhibit TNF-alpha activity) may improve NAFLD in ob/ob mice. To evaluate this hypothesis, 48 ob/ob mice were given either a high-fat diet alone (ob/ob controls) or the same diet + VSL#3 probiotic or anti-TNF antibodies for 4 weeks. Twelve lean littermates fed a high-fat diet served as controls. Treatment with VSL#3 or anti-TNF antibodies improved liver histology, reduced hepatic total fatty acid content, and decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. These benefits were associated with decreased hepatic expression of TNF-alpha messenger RNA (mRNA) in mice treated with anti-TNF antibodies but not in mice treated with VSL#3. Nevertheless, both treatments reduced activity of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), a TNF-regulated kinase that promotes insulin resistance, and decreased the DNA binding activity of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), the target of IKKbeta, another TNF-regulated enzyme that causes insulin resistance. Consistent with treatment-related improvements in hepatic insulin resistance, fatty acid beta-oxidation and uncoupling protein (UCP)-2 expression decreased after treatment with VSL#3 or anti-TNF antibodies. In conclusion, these results support the concept that intestinal bacteria induce endogenous signals that play a pathogenic role in hepatic insulin resistance and NAFLD and suggest novel therapies for these common conditions.
Clomiphene Citrate Effects on Testosterone/Estrogen Ratio in Male Hypogonadism (2005)

Low dose clomiphene citrate is effective in elevating serum testosterone levels and improving the testosterone/estradiol ratio in men with hypogonadism. This therapy represents an alternative to testosterone therapy by stimulating the endogenous androgen production pathway.
40.4: Invited Paper: Advance of PVA Technology for Multi‐media Applications (2003)

Abstract As a wide viewing angle technology required for the widespread use of TFT‐LCD, the practicality of PVA technology has been reviewed. Current ongoing research that has been explored includes response time less than one frame rate, color performance enhancement, light efficiency enhancement, and cost reduction approach to exploit multi‐media applications in TFT‐LCDs.
Effect of Mannitol Crystallization on the Stability and Aerosol Performance of a Spray-Dried Pharmaceutical Protein, Recombinant Humanized anti-IgE Monoclonal Antibody (1998)

We have examined the stability and aerosol performance of the pharmaceutical protein recombinant humanized anti-IgE monoclonal antibody (rhuMAbE25) spray dried with mannitol. The aerosol performance was measured by the fine particle fraction (FPF), and stability was assessed by the formation of soluble aggregates. When mannitol was added to the spray-dried rhuMAbE25 formulation, its ability to stabilize the protein leveled off above about 20% (w/w, dry basis). The FPF of the spray-dried formulations was stable during storage for rhuMAbE25 containing 10% and 20% mannitol, but the 30% formulation exhibited a dramatic decrease upon storage at both 5 degreesC and 30 degreesC, due to mannitol crystallization. We tested the addition of sodium phosphate to a 60:40 rhuMAbE25:mannitol (w:w) mixture, which otherwise crystallized upon spray drying and yielded a nonrespirable powder. The presence of sodium phosphate was successful in inhibiting mannitol crystallization upon spray drying and dramatically lowering the rate of solid-state aggregation. However, over long-term storage some crystallization was observed even for the phosphate-containing samples, concomitantly with increased particle size and decreased suitability for aerosol delivery. Therefore, the physical state of mannitol (i.e., amorphous or crystalline) plays a role both in maintaining protein stability and providing suitable aerosol performance when used as an excipient for spray-dried powders. Agents which retard mannitol crystallization, e.g., sodium phosphate, may be useful in extending the utility of mannitol as an excipient in spray-dried protein formulations.
Non-Imidazole Histamine H3 Ligands, Part 2: New 2-Substituted Benzothiazoles as Histamine H3 Antagonists (1999)

New, non-imidazole histamine H3 receptor antagonists were prepared and in vitro tested as H3 receptor antagonists measured as the electrically evoked contraction of the guinea-pig jejunum. The 2-(1-piperidinyl)- and 2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)benzothiazoles show no or very poor activity; 2-[1-(4-amino)piperidinyl]- and 2-(1,2-ethanediamino)- and 2-(1,3-propanediamino)derivatives of benzothiazole possess weak activity at H3 receptors, whereas 2-(4-piperidinyl)benzothiazoles and 2-[1-(4-piperazinyl)]benzothiazoles show moderate to good activity. Lipophilic and not-too-bulky substituents like n-propyl attached to the nitrogen at the piperazine or piperidine ring lead to potent H3 receptor antagonists with pA2 values ranging from 7.0 to 7.2. The structure-activity relationships for different substitution patterns are discussed.
Carboxylic acid complexation by a synthetic analog of the "carboxylate-binding pocket" of vancomycin (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarboxylic acid complexation by a synthetic analog of the "carboxylate-binding pocket" of vancomycinNalin. Pant and Andrew D. HamiltonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 6, 2002–2003Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00214a075https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00214a075research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views303Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis, Stability, and Crystal Structure Studies of Some Ca2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ Complexes of Macrocyclic Polyamino Carboxylates (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis, Stability, and Crystal Structure Studies of Some Ca2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ Complexes of Macrocyclic Polyamino CarboxylatesKrishan Kumar, M. F. Tweedle, M. F. Malley, and J. Z. GougoutasCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 26, 6472–6480Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00130a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00130a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views725Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Characterization of the IFN-γ T-cell responses to immediate early antigens in humans with genital herpes (2006)

The survey of T-cell responses is an important step to understand the host cellular immune response in individuals with genital herpes. The assay described here has the capability of measuring CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses that may be used to correlate disease status with specific immune responses. In an evaluation of 18 subjects a trend of positive responses to an immediate early protein, ICP4, was found in individuals that had a low rate of disease recurrence.
Are fullerene tubules metallic? (1992)

We have calculated the electronic structure of a fullerene tubule using a first-principles, self-consistent, all-electron Gaussian-orbital based local-density-functional approach. Extending these results to a model containing an electron-lattice interaction, we estimate that the mean-field transition temperature from a Peierls-distorted regime to a high-temperature metallic regime should be well below room temperature. Such fullerene tubules should have the advantages (compared to the other conjugated carbon systems) of a carrier density similar to that of metals and zero band gap at room temperature.
Elastic and Shear Moduli of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Ropes (1999)

Carbon nanotubes are believed to be the ultimate low-density high-modulus fibers, which makes their characterization at nanometer scale vital for applications. By using an atomic force microscope and a special substrate, the elastic and shear moduli of individual single-walled nanotube (SWNT) ropes were measured to be of the order of 1 TPa and 1 GPa, respectively. In contrast to multiwalled nanotubes, an unexpectedly low intertube shear stiffness dominated the flexural behavior of the SWNT ropes. This suggests that intertube cohesion should be improved for applications of SWNT ropes in high-performance composite materials.
Kinetics of Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide on a Gold Electrode in Phosphate Buffer Solutions (1995)

Abstract The kinetics of the CO formation by electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide on a gold electrode investigated in a series of potassium phosphate buffer solutions. CO is the principal product under the above condition. Small amounts of hydrocarbons, such as CH4, C2H4, and C2H6, are detected in the solutions of pH 5.2, 6.2, and 6.8. The Tafel slopes of the partial current density for the CO formation, ICO, at different pH are all ca. −120 mV/decade. The reaction mechanism has been proposed on the basis of the relationships between ICO and the electrode potential and between ICO and the reaction order with respect to CO2, which is ca. 1.
Th17 Cells and Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE/MS) (2008)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a CD4+ T cell-mediated autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system. It was largely accepted that Th1 cells driven by IL-12 were pathogenic T cells in human MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of MS. Recent data have established that IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells, driven by IL-23 and referred to as Th17 cells, play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of EAE. A combination of TGF-beta and IL-6 induce Th17 cell lineage commitment via expression of transcription factor RORgammat. Th17 cells and induced Foxp3+ T regulatory cells are in reciprocal position in the T cell lineage commitment governed by TGF-beta and IL-6. The vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid is involved in this process via TGF-beta dependent induction of Foxp3. We have demonstrated that human Th17 cells could be identified as CCR2+ CCR5- memory CD4+ T cells. It is becoming clear that IL-23/Th17 axis also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various human autoimmune diseases including MS. Additionally, accumulating evidences raise a possibility that CCR2 on Th17 cells may be a therapeutic target in MS.