gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preservation of Differentiation and Clonogenic Potential of Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells during Lyophilization and Ambient Storage (2010)

Progenitor cell therapies show great promise, but their potential for clinical applications requires improved storage and transportation. Desiccated cells stored at ambient temperature would provide economic and practical advantages over approaches employing cell freezing and subzero temperature storage. The objectives of this study were to assess a method for loading the stabilizing sugar, trehalose, into hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HPC) and to evaluate the effects of subsequent freeze-drying and storage at ambient temperature on differentiation and clonogenic potential. HPC were isolated from human umbilical cord blood and loaded with trehalose using an endogenous cell surface receptor, termed P2Z. Solution containing trehalose-loaded HPC was placed into vials, which were transferred to a tray freeze-dryer and removed during each step of the freeze-drying process to assess differentiation and clonogenic potential. Control groups for these experiments were freshly isolated HPC. Control cells formed 1450+/-230 CFU-GM, 430+/-140 BFU-E, and 50+/-40 CFU-GEMM per 50 microL. Compared to the values for the control cells, there was no statistical difference observed for cells removed at the end of the freezing step or at the end of primary drying. There was a gradual decrease in the number of CFU-GM and BFU-E for cells removed at different temperatures during secondary drying; however, there were no significant differences in the number of CFU-GEMM. To determine storage stability of lyophilized HPC, cells were stored for 4 weeks at 25 degrees C in the dark. Cells reconstituted immediately after lyophilization produced 580+/-90 CFU-GM ( approximately 40%, relative to unprocessed controls p<0.0001), 170+/-70 BFU-E (approximately 40%, p<0.0001), and 41+/-22 CFU-GEMM (approximately 82%, p = 0.4171), and cells reconstituted after 28 days at room temperature produced 513+/-170 CFU-GM (approximately 35%, relative to unprocessed controls, p<0.0001), 112+/-68 BFU-E (approximately 26%, p<0.0001), and 36+/-17 CFU-GEMM ( approximately 82%, p = 0.2164) These studies are the first to document high level retention of CFU-GEMM following lyophilization and storage for 4 weeks at 25 degrees C. This type of flexible storage stability would potentially permit the ability to ship and store HPC without the need for refrigeration.
Mer Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling Participates in Platelet Function (2004)

Our data provide the first evidence that mer, presumably through activation by its ligand Gas6, participates in regulation of platelet function in vitro and platelet-dependent thrombosis in vivo.
Text Analysis in Adversarial Settings (2019)

Textual deception constitutes a major problem for online security. Many studies have argued that deceptiveness leaves traces in writing style, which could be detected using text classification techniques. By conducting an extensive literature review of existing empirical work, we demonstrate that while certain linguistic features have been indicative of deception in certain corpora, they fail to generalize across divergent semantic domains. We suggest that deceptiveness as such leaves no content-invariant stylistic trace , and textual similarity measures provide a superior means of classifying texts as potentially deceptive. Additionally, we discuss forms of deception beyond semantic content, focusing on hiding author identity by writing style obfuscation . Surveying the literature on both author identification and obfuscation techniques, we conclude that current style transformation methods fail to achieve reliable obfuscation while simultaneously ensuring semantic faithfulness to the original text. We propose that future work in style transformation should pay particular attention to disallowing semantically drastic changes.
Self-pulsing oxide-confined vertical-cavity laserswith ultralow operating current (1996)

Selectively oxidised vertical-cavity lasers which exhibit self-pulsating lasing at currents as low as 470 nA are reported. Characteristics including linearly polarised emission, narrow linewidths and coherent near- and far-field diffraction indicate that these devices operate as lasers at DC currents &lt; 1 µA. Although self-pulsating lasing initiates at submicroampere average current, the injection current during the optical pulse can be &gt; 1 mA.
A Clinical Trial of Beta Carotene to Prevent Basal-Cell and Squamous-Cell Cancers of the Skin (1990)

In persons with a previous nonmelanoma skin cancer, treatment with beta carotene does not reduce the occurrence of new skin cancers over a five-year period of treatment and observation.
Polyimide-Planarized Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers With 17.0-GHz Bandwidth (2004)

High-speed oxide-confined polyimide-planarized 850-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers exhibit -3-dB modulation bandwidths up to 17.0 GHz. The devices are fabricated using a reproducible, simple process incorporating polyimide with good adhesion that does not require implantation or semiinsulating substrates to achieve low capacitance.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Various Derivatives of a Novel Class of Potent, Selective, and Orally Active Prostaglandin D2 Receptor Antagonists. 2. 6,6-Dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptane Derivatives (2003)

In an earlier paper, we reported that novel prostaglandin D(2) (PGD(2)) receptor antagonists having the bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane ring system as a prostaglandin skeleton were a potent new class of antiallergic agents and suppressed various allergic inflammatory responses such as those observed in conjunctivitis and asthma models. In the present study, we synthesized PGD(2) receptor antagonists having the 6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptane ring system. These derivatives have the amide moiety, in contrast to those with the bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane ring system, which have the sulfonamide group. The derivatives having the 6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptane ring also exhibited strong activity in PGD(2) receptor binding and cAMP formation assays. In in vivo assays such as allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma models, these series of derivatives showed excellent pharmacological profiles. In particular, compound 45 also effectively suppressed eosinophil infiltration in allergic rhinitis and asthma models. This compound (45, S-5751) is now being developed as a promising alternative antiallergic drug candidate.
Vision-based vehicles in Japan: machine vision systems and driving control systems (1994)

This paper surveys three intelligent vehicles developed in Japan, and in particular the configurations, the machine vision systems, and the driving control systems. The first one is the Intelligent Vehicle, developed since the mid 1970's, which has a machine vision system for obstacle detection and a dead reckoning system for autonomous navigation on a compact car. The machine vision system with stereo TV cameras is featured by real time processing using hard-wired logic. The dead reckoning function and a new lateral control algorithm enable the vehicle to drive from a starting point to a goal. It drove autonomously at about 10 km/h while avoiding an obstacle. The second one is the Personal Vehicle System (PVS), developed in the late 1980's, which is a comprehensive test system for a vision-based vehicle. The machine vision system captures lane markings at both road edges along which the vehicle is guided. The PVS has another machine vision system for obstacle detection with stereo cameras. The PVS drove at 10-30 km/h along lanes with turnings and crossings. The third one is the Automated Highway Vehicle System (AHVS) with a single TV camera for lane-keeping by PD control. The machine vision system uses an edge extraction algorithm to detect lane markings. The AHVS drove at 50 km/h along a lane with a large curvature.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Pharmacogenetics: a laboratory tool for optimizing therapeutic efficiency. (1997)

Pharmacogenetics is the study of the linkage between an individual's genotype and that individual's ability to metabolize a foreign compound. Differences in metabolism of therapeutics can lead to severe toxicity or therapeutic failure by altering the relation between dose and blood concentration of the pharmacologically active drug. Phenotypes exhibiting poor and ultraextensive metabolism result from genetic variance (polymorphism) of enzymes involved in metabolism. Thus, in pharmacogenetic studies one applies genotyping of polymorphic alleles encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes to the identification of an individual's drug metabolism phenotype. This knowledge, when applied to dosing or drug selection, can avoid adverse reactions or therapeutic failure and thus enhance therapeutic efficiency. More than 25 commonly prescribed medicines are metabolized by the cytochrome P-4502D6 (CYP2D6) isoenzyme, and polymorphism of the CYP2D6 gene affects the therapeutic management of up to 17% of individuals in some ethnic groups. In this review, we summarize and update information concerning drug-metabolizing genotypes with emphasis on CYP2D6 genotyping techniques that can be applied by the clinical laboratory for linking human genetics to therapeutic management.
Query Planning with Information Quality Bounds (2001)

Query planning for information integration using a local-as-view approach is exponential in the size of the user query. Furthermore, it may generate an exponential number of plans, many of which will produce results of very poor quality. We propose to use information quality reasoning to speed up query planning. We construct tight upper quality bounds for a branch & bound algorithm. The algorithm uses these quality scores to filter out non-promising plans early on. Experiments show that this approach dramatically improves planning time without compromising the quality of the result.
Zur kinetischen Theorie der Brownschen Molekularbewegung und der Suspensionen (1906)

Kinetisciie Theorie der Brownschen Molekularbewepng etc
CC Cross‐Coupling Reactions of O6‐Alkyl‐2‐Haloinosine Derivatives and a One‐Pot Cross‐Coupling/O6‐Deprotection Procedure (2012)

Reaction conditions for the CC cross-coupling of O(6)-alkyl-2-bromo- and 2-chloroinosine derivatives with aryl-, hetaryl-, and alkylboronic acids were studied. Optimization experiments with silyl-protected 2-bromo-O(6)-methylinosine led to the identification of [PdCl(2)(dcpf)]/K(3)PO(4) in 1,4-dioxane as the best conditions for these reactions (dcpf=1,1'-bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)ferrocene). Attempted O(6)-demethylation, as well as the replacement of the C-6 methoxy group by amines, was unsuccessful, which led to the consideration of Pd-cleavable groups such that C-C cross-coupling and O(6)-deprotection could be accomplished in a single step. Thus, inosine 2-chloro-O(6)-allylinosine was chosen as the substrate and, after re-evaluation of the cross-coupling conditions with 2-chloro-O(6)-methylinosine as a model substrate, one-step C-C cross-coupling/deprotection reactions were performed with the O(6)-allyl analogue. These reactions are the first such examples of a one-pot procedure for the modification and deprotection of purine nucleosides under C-C cross-coupling conditions.
The crystal structure of K2CuCl3 and isomorphous substances (1949)

The crystal structure of K2CuCl3 and isomorphous substances has been determined. The crystals are orthorhombic with cell dimensions: a = 12.00, b = 12.55, c = 4.20 A. There are four molecules in the cell and the space group is Pnam. Weissenberg diagrams have been taken along the c axis with Cu Kα and Mo Kα radiation and the positions of the atoms have been fixed by means of an approximate three-dimensional Patterson analysis and a Fourier projection along the c axis. All atoms are situated in the symmetry planes perpendicular to the c axis. There are chains of the composition CuCl3 in the direction of the c axis (needle axis) consisting of CuCl4 tetrahedra sharing corners; they are more compact than the SiO3 chains in the pyroxenes. The K atoms are situated between these chains, surrounded by seven Cl atoms. The direction of the chains is in agreement with the optical behaviour: largest refractive index in the needle direction.
Major antigen of liver kidney microsomal autoantibodies in idiopathic autoimmune hepatitis is cytochrome P450db1. (1989)

Type 1, liver kidney microsomal autoantibodies (LKM-1) are associated with a subgroup of idiopathic autoimmune type, chronic active hepatitis (CAH). The antigenic specificity of LKM-1 autoantibodies from 13 patients was investigated by immunoblot analysis of human liver microsomal proteins. Polypeptides of 50, 55, and 64 kD were detected with these antisera. A high titer LKM-1 serum was selected to screen a human liver lambda gt11 cDNA expression library, resulting in the isolation of several complementary (c)DNA clones. Autoantibodies affinity purified from proteins expressed by two of the immunopositive cDNA clones, HLD8.2 and HLD13.2, specifically react with a 50-kD protein of human liver microsomes and display immunofluorescence staining of the proximal renal tubular epithelia characteristic of LKM-1 sera. Determination of the sequence of HLD8.2 revealed that it encodes a recently described cytochrome P450db1. A bacterial fusion protein constructed from HLD8.2 proved to be a specific and sensitive diagnostic reagent. All sera from patients with LKM-1 positive liver disease react with this fusion protein. No reaction was seen, however, for sera from patients with other types of autoimmune liver diseases, viral hepatitis, systemic immunological disorders, or healthy controls.
The skin as an organ of immunity. (1997)

During evolution, the skin has developed a specific immunological environment that is known as the skin immune system (SIS). A substantial number of immunological phenomena exemplify the special place the skin occupies as a peripheral immune organ. These include the continuous exposure to sun rays, with subsequent immunological consequences, an area of investigation known as photoimmunology. Also special is the presence of a dense network of dendritic antigen-presenting cells (Langerhans cells) in the epidermis, which are functionally related to the skin-specific phenomenon of the contact allergy type of delayed hypersensitivity. The acronym SIS is designed to give a complete picture of the skin's functions as an immunological organ, and includes the humoral systems in addition to the cellular subsets taking part in it. In this article, the history of the development of immunological concepts of skin is exemplified with some recently explored areas of immunodermatological research.
Ordinal configural cues combine with metric disparity in depth perception (2005)

Prior research on the combination of depth cues generally assumes that different cues must be in the same units for meaningful combination to occur. We investigated whether the geometrically ordinal cues of familiarity and convexity influence depth perception when unambiguous metric information is provided by binocular disparity. We used bipartite, random dot stereograms with a central luminance edge shaped like a face in profile. Disparity specified that the edge and dots on one side were closer than the dots on the other side. Configural cues suggested that the familiar, face-shaped region was closer than the unfamiliar side. Configural cues caused an increase in perceived depth for a given disparity signal when they were consistent with disparity and a decrease in perceived depth when they were inconsistent. Thus, geometrically ordinal configural cues can quantitatively influence a metric depth cue. Implications for the combination of configural and depth cues are discussed.
[Cloning and identification of microRNA from human osteosarcoma cell line SOSP-9607]. (2007)

We have cloned miRNAs for SOSP-9607 cells and identified parts of the functional ones, which imply that miRNAs may closely relate to the cancer pathogenesis.
Induction of antigen-specific cytolytic T cells in situ in human melanoma by immunization with synthetic peptide-pulsed autologous antigen presenting cells. (1995)

Human melanoma cells can process the MAGE-1 gene product and present the processed nonapeptide EADPTGHSY on their major histocompatibility complex class I molecules, HLA-A1, as a determinant for cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Considering that autologous antigen presenting cells (APCs) pulsed with the synthetic nonapeptide might, therefore, be immunogenic, melanoma patients whose tumor cells express the MAGE-1 gene and who are HLA-A1+ were immunized with a vaccine made of cultured autologous APCs pulsed with the synthetic nonapeptide. Analyses of the nature of the in vivo host immune response to the vaccine revealed that the peptide-pulsed APCs are capable of inducing autologous melanoma-reactive and the nonapeptide-specific CTLs in situ at the immunization site and at distant metastatic disease sites.
Flesh Color Inheritance and Gene Interactions among Canary Yellow, Pale Yellow, and Red Watermelon (2010)

Two loci, C and i-C , were previously reported to determine flesh colors between canary yellow and red watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus ). Recently, lycopene β-cyclase (LCYB) was found as a color determinant gene for canary yellow ( C ) and a codominant cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker was developed to identify canary yellow and red alleles. The inhibitor of canary yellow ( i-C ), as reported in a previous work, was not detected in our original family derived from a cross between canary yellow and red parents. To identify additional genetic determinants such as i-C , we prepared a new family using ‘Yellow Doll’ (canary yellow) and ‘Sweet Princess’ (red), which was reported to carry the inhibitor gene i-C as parents. A new distinct class of flesh color, pale yellow, was identified in the progeny from the new canary yellow × red cross. The predominant carotenoid in canary yellow and pale yellow phenotypes was neoxanthin, followed by violaxanthin and neochrome; pale yellow contained less total carotenoids, but had more minor carotenoids compared with canary yellow. The chi-square goodness-of-fit test indicated that there are two genes involved in determining flesh color among canary yellow, pale yellow, and red, but the segregation pattern did not fit the pattern as reported for an i-C gene. When the genotype of the family ‘Yellow Doll’ × ‘Sweet Princess’ was analyzed with our LCYB CAPS marker, the flesh color of every individual perfectly cosegregated with the marker. The new pale yellow phenotype also cosegregated with the marker linked to the C allele, indicating that the recessive py phenotype (pale yellow) must carry at least one of the C alleles for expression. Therefore, we propose to designate py for a pale yellow determinant along with C as a canary yellow determinant. A homozygous recessive py gene resulted in pale yellow flesh color in the presence of a dominant C .
Synthetic study of peptide aldehydes. (1975)

Some of the leupeptin Ac-LL analogs, in which the argininal moiety was replaced by aromatic aminoaldehydes, were synthesized starting from benzyloxycarbonyl-α-amino-aldehyde semicarbazones derived from benzyloxycarbonyl amino acid esters by the reduction with diisobutylaluminum hydride. The racemization of the aldehyde part of the purified analogs was examined using the analytical ion exchange chromatography of diastereomers produced by the condensation of L-aspartic acid with aminoalcohols, which were obtained by the sodium borohydride reduction of the synthesized peptide aldehydes followed by acid hydrolysis. The results demonstrate that racemization occurs only to a limited extent, when these starting materials are used and careful purifications of the products are carried out.
Plasma lipoproteins with bioregulatory properties including the capacity to regulate lymphocyte function and the immune response. (1981)

Consideration of the effects of nutrition and of lipids on the immune competence and the characteristics of host resistance to neoplasia requires consideration of the plasma lipoproteins. A wide variety of regulatory effects of lipoproteins on the immune response, immune mediation pathways, cellular metabolism of the immune system, and antigen-nonspecific host resistance mediated by the lymphoid and reticuloendothelial systems has recently been recognized. Observations coupled with initial evidence for differences in lipoproteins in cancer patients suggest that lipids or lipid metabolism may be of significance in the biology of neoplasia.
Ca2+-induced bioluminescence in Renilla reniformis. Purification and characterization of a calcium-triggered luciferin-binding protein. (1979)

A Ca2+-triggered luciferin-binding protein (BP-LH2) from the bioluminescent marine coelenterate, Renilla reniformis, has been purified by conventional methods. One kilogram of processed animals yields approximately 2.7 mg of pure protein with an overall yield of 55%. Physicochemical studies show that BP-LH2 is a globular protein containing one single polypeptide chain with one disulfide bond. Ultracentrifugation studies, amino acid analysis, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis show that BP-LH2 has an average molecular weight of 18,500. BP-LH2 has a Stokes radius of 23 A, a sedimentation coefficient, S020,w, of 2.3 S, and an isoelectric point of 4.3. The acidic nature of the protein was confirmed by amino acid analysis, which showed that 27% of the residues are acidic. The protein contains no carbohydrate, phosphate, or tryptophan. There is one noncovalently bound molecule of coelenterate type luciferin resulting in distinct protein spectral properties with absorption maxima at 276 nm (epsilon 0.1% 276 = 1.31) and 446 nm (episoln 0.1% 446 = 0.47) and a fluorescence emission at 520 nm (uncorrected). In the presence of Ca2+, BP-LH2 will react with Renilla luciferase to give the characteristic in vitro blue bioluminescence. Ca2+ binding produces a distinct change in the spectral properties of BP-LH2 including a 4-fold enhancement of tyrosine fluorescence at 332 nm and a 5-fold fluorescence enhancement at 520 nm. In addition, the visible absorption maximum shifts from 446 nm to 420 nm. The fluorescence enhancement at 320 nm occurs over the range from 1 to 10 micrometer Ca2+. BP-LH2 has two Ca2+-binding sites with an estimated Kd of 0.02 micrometer, in 10 muM Tris at pH 7.2. BP-LH2 was compared to several well studied Ca2+-binding proteins and was found to possess similar Ca2+-binding and physicochemical properties. This study clearly demonstrates that BP-LH2 is capable of triggering a bioluminescent flash in response to an intracellular Ca2+ transient.
Sulfotransferases: Structure, Mechanism, Biological Activity, Inhibition, and Synthetic Utility (2004)

Sulfatases, which cleave sulfate esters in biological systems, play a key role in regulating the sulfation states that determine the function of many physiological molecules. Sulfatase substrates range from small cytosolic steroids, such as estrogen sulfate, to complex cell-surface carbohydrates, such as the glycosaminoglycans. The transformation of these molecules has been linked with important cellular functions, including hormone regulation, cellular degradation, and modulation of signaling pathways. Sulfatases have also been implicated in the onset of various pathophysiological conditions, including hormone-dependent cancers, lysosomal storage disorders, developmental abnormalities, and bacterial pathogenesis. These findings have increased interest in sulfatases and in targeting them for therapeutic endeavors. Although numerous sulfatases have been identified, the wide scope of their biological activity is only beginning to emerge. Herein, accounts of the diversity and growing biological relevance of sulfatases are provided along with an overview of the current understanding of sulfatase structure, mechanism, and inhibition.