gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Restricted Viewing Conditions on Egocentric Distance Perception: Implications for Real and Virtual Indoor Environments (2005)

We carried out three experiments to examine the influence of field of view and binocular viewing restrictions on absolute distance perception in real-world indoor environments. Few of the classical visual cues provide direct information for accurate absolute distance judgments to points in the environment beyond about 2 m from the viewer. Nevertheless, in previous work it has been found that visually directed walking tasks reveal accurate distance estimations in full-cue real-world environments to distances up to 20 m. In contrast, the same tasks in virtual environments produced with head-mounted displays (HMDs) show large compression of distance. Field of view and binocular viewing are common limitations in research with HMDs, and have been rarely studied under full pictorial-cue conditions in the context of distance perception in the real-world. Experiment 1 showed that the view of one's body and feet on the floor was not necessary for accurate distance perception. In experiment 2 we manipulated the horizontal and the vertical field of view along with head rotation and found that a restricted field of view did not affect the accuracy of distance estimations when head movement was allowed. Experiment 3 showed that performance with monocular viewing was equal to that with binocular viewing. These results have implications for the information needed to scale egocentric distance in the real-world and reduce the support for the hypothesis that a limited field of view or imperfections in binocular image presentation are the cause of the underestimation seen with HMDs.
The HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line: proliferation, differentiation, and cellular oncogene expression (1987)

The HL-60 cell line, derived from a single patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia, provides a unique in vitro model system for studying the cellular and molecular events involved in the proliferation and differentiation of normal and leukemic cells of the granulocyte/monocyte/macrophage lineage.
Radiation dosimetry and first therapy results with a 124I/131I-labeled small molecule (MIP-1095) targeting PSMA for prostate cancer therapy (2014)

Based on the biodistribution and dose calculations of the PSMA-targeted small molecule (124)I-MIP-1095 therapy with the authentic analog (131)I-MIP-1095 enables a targeted tumor therapy with unprecedented doses delivered to the tumor lesions. Involved lymph node and bone metastases were exposed to estimated absorbed doses upwards of 300 Gy.
Convergence of synchronous and asynchronous algorithms in multiclass networks (1991)

The Nash equilibrium point for optimum flow control in a noncooperative multiclass environment is studied. Convergence properties of asynchronous as well as synchronous algorithms are investigated. The convergence of a greedy algorithm for the n users case is proved, and necessary and sufficient conditions for the convergence of asynchronous algorithms are obtained. Since asynchronous algorithms do not converge for all values of the weighting factors, one must be careful in their choice. An introduction to the literature and an extension of a not very widely known theorem for the convergence of Gauss-Seidel algorithms in the linear systems theory are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Image segmentation of color image based on region coherency (2002)

A two-step image segmentation algorithm is proposed, which is based on region coherency for the segmentation of color image. The first step is the watershed segmentation, and the next one is the region merging using artificial neural networks. Spatially homogeneous regions are obtained by the first step, but the regions are oversegmented. The second step merges the oversegmented regions. The proposed method exploits the luminance and chrominance difference components of the color image to verify region coherency. The YUV color coordinate system is used in this work.
IFN-gamma inhibits double-stranded RNA-induced E-selectin expression in human endothelial cells (1997)

IFN-gamma plays a role in immune regulatory functions as well as in viral defense. We show in this study that IFN-gamma treatment down-regulates the induction by a viral mimetic, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), of the endothelial cell-specific leukocyte adhesion protein, E-selectin. The inhibitory effect of IFN-gamma on poly(I:C)-induced E-selectin was concentration and time dependent and was specific for dsRNA, in that the induction of E-selectin by TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, thrombin, or LPS was not inhibited significantly by this pretreatment. IFN-gamma pretreatment reduced poly(I:C)-induced E-selectin mRNA in a protein synthesis-independent manner. Poly(I:C)-induced E-selectin mRNA t1/2 was reduced slightly by IFN-gamma treatment, while the message for VCAM-1 was stabilized. Transient transfection of endothelial cells with an E-selectin promoter-driven reporter gene construct revealed that poly(I:C) stimulation of E-selectin promoter activity was decreased significantly by IFN-gamma pretreatment. Poly(I:C)-induced nuclear factor-kappa B activation following IFN-gamma pretreatment was unaffected, as shown by electrophoretic mobility shift analysis. These results indicate a novel role for IFN-gamma in the regulation of E-selectin gene expression in response to dsRNA by a transcriptional mechanism independent of nuclear factor-kappa B, as well as by a minor decrease in message stability.
The Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29): A new patient-based outcome measure (2001)

Changes in health policy have underlined the importance of evidence-based clinical practice and rigorous evaluation of patient-based outcomes. As patient-based outcome measurement is particularly important in treatment trials of multiple sclerosis, a number of disease-specific instruments have been developed recently. One limitation of these instruments is that none was developed using the standard psychometric approach of reducing a large item pool generated from people with multiple sclerosis. Consequently, an outcome measure for clinical trials of multiple sclerosis that is disease specific and combines patient perspective with rigorous psychometric methods will complement existing instruments. The aim of this study was to develop such a measure. Standard psychometric methods were used. A pool of 129 questionnaire items was generated from interviews with 30 people with multiple sclerosis, expert opinion and literature review. The questionnaire was administered by postal survey to 1530 people selected randomly from the Multiple Sclerosis Society membership database. Redundant items and those with limited measurement properties were removed. The remaining items (n = 41) were grouped into scales using factor analysis, and then refined to form the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29), an instrument measuring the physical (20 items) and psychological (nine items) impact of multiple sclerosis. Five psychometric properties of the MSIS-29 (data quality, scaling assumptions, acceptability, reliability and validity) were examined in a separate postal survey of 1250 Multiple Sclerosis Society members. A preliminary responsiveness study of the MSIS-29 was undertaken in 55 people admitted for rehabilitation and intravenous steroid treatment of relapses. The MSIS-29 satisfied all psychometric criteria. Data quality was excellent, missing data were low (maximum 3.9%), item test-re-test reliability was high (r = 0.65-0.90) and scale scores could be generated for >98% of respondents. Item descriptive statistics, item convergent and discriminant validity, and factor analysis indicated that it was legitimate to generate scores for MSIS-29 scales by summing items. MSIS-29 scales showed good variability, small floor and ceiling effects, high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha <or=0.91) and high test-re-test reliability (intraclass correlation <or=0.87). Correlations with other measures and the analysis of group differences provided evidence that the MSIS-29 measures the physical and psychological impact of multiple sclerosis. Effect sizes (physical scale = 0.82, psychological scale = 0.66) demonstrated preliminary evidence of good responsiveness. These results indicate the MSIS-29 is a clinically useful and scientifically sound patient-based outcome measure of the impact of multiple sclerosis suitable for clinical trials and epidemiological studies.
The Effects of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) and PTHRelated Peptide on Osteoclast Resorption of Bone Slicesin Vitro: An Analysis of Pit Size and the Resorption Focus* (1990)

The mechanism whereby PTH, a potent stimulator of bone resorption, may under certain circumstances exert anabolic effects on bone is not known, but it is possible that it involves reduction of the size of osteoclast resorption lacunae. We have therefore made a detailed in vitro study of the effects of PTH and PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) on resorption by neonatal rat osteoclasts paying particular attention to the plan area of resorption pits. In order to distinguish between increased resorption at a particular site and increased numbers of sites, we have used an eyepiece graticule to define a focus of resorption, namely an area occupying 1/116th of the bone slice, which may contain either one or several pits. In addition we have studied the relationship between the number of pits in a resorption focus and the total area of bone resorbed at the focus. We found that PTH and PTHrP, at doses between 2 x 10(-10) M and 2 x 10(-8) M, while exerting significant stimulatory effects on bone resorption, caused a reduction in the median plan area of pits. An increase in the number of resorption foci was the primary stimulatory effect of PTH and PTHrP, occurring within 6 h in the case of PTH. However, the plan area of bone resorbed at a focus showed no significant increase, despite an increase in the number of pits per focus, because as more pits were formed at a focus, the pits were smaller, thus partially dissipating the stimulatory effect of PTH on resorption. These results are consistent with the activation of new remodeling sites by PTH in vivo. Furthermore, the formation of smaller pits under the resorptive influence of PTH may, together with the maintenance of coupling between formation and resorption, play a role in the preservation of cancellous bone recorded in cases of primary hyperparathyroidism and the anabolic effect of exogenous PTH.
LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD FOR FLUID FLOWS (1998)

▪ Abstract We present an overview of the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), a parallel and efficient algorithm for simulating single-phase and multiphase fluid flows and for incorporating additional physical complexities. The LBM is especially useful for modeling complicated boundary conditions and multiphase interfaces. Recent extensions of this method are described, including simulations of fluid turbulence, suspension flows, and reaction diffusion systems.
Electrostatic manipulation of DNA in microfabricated structures (1990)

Experimental observation of the electrostatic orientation and dielectrophoresis of DNA under a high-intensity field produced in a microfabricated electrode system is made, using the fluorescent method as a visualization technique. It is shown that the orientation takes place under a field strength of 10/sup 6/ V/m and the frequency at around 1 MHz. The stretch and shrink of an individual molecule is observed as the field is switched on and off. The molecular size (i.e. number of base pairs) is obtainable by measuring the stretched length of the molecule. A special field configuration is designed for the efficient molecular size determination using this principle. Molecular manipulation techniques, the alignment and positioning of the individual molecule, and the cutting of DNA at arbitrary locations with an ultraviolet beam are developed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
In Vitro Reconstitution of Assembly of Apolipoprotein B48-containing Lipoproteins (1997)

Human apolipoprotein B48 (apoB48) and apoB15 (the NH2-terminal 48 and 15% of apoB100, respectively) were translated in vitro from their respective mRNAs using a rabbit reticulocyte lysate and microsomes derived from rat liver or dog pancreas. Synthesis of phosphatidylcholine and triacylglycerols was reconstituted in freshly isolated microsomes by the addition of precursors of these glycerolipids (acylcoenzyme A, glycerol 3-phosphate, and CDP-choline) before, during, or after translation. Assembly of apoB15 and apoB48 with newly synthesized phospholipids and triacylglycerols was favored by active, co-translational lipid synthesis. Moreover, translocation of apoB48 but not B15 into the microsomal lumen was increased in the presence of co-translational lipid synthesis. When apoB48 was translated in vitro, approximately 50% of apoB48 was buoyant at a density of <1.10 g/ml in the lumen of liver microsomes only when lipid synthesis was reconstituted during translation. Microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein has been proposed to be essential for lipidation and/or translocation of apoB48. However, apoB48 was translocated into the lumen of dog pancreas microsomes in which the activity of the microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein was not detectable. These data indicate that (i) apoB15 and apoB48 bind newly synthesized phosphatidylcholine during translocation; (ii) apoB48 but not apoB15 associates co-translationally with triacylglycerols; (iii) translocation of apoB48 but not apoB15 is stimulated by lipid synthesis; (iv) assembly of buoyant apoB48-containing lipoproteins can be reconstituted in vitro in the presence of active lipid synthesis; and (v) even in microsomes lacking microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein activity, apoB48 is translocated into the lumen.
Controlled vertical manipulation of single CO molecules with the scanning tunneling microscope: A route to chemical contrast (1997)

A reliable procedure for controlled vertical transfer of single CO molecules between a Cu(111) surface and a scanning tunneling microscope tip and vice versa is demonstrated. It is shown that with a tip having a single CO molecule at its apex, chemical contrast is achieved allowing distinction of adsorbed CO molecules and oxgen atoms, which look very similar to the bare metal tip.
Evidence of a Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Phase in Natural Silk Spinning Processes (1996)

A look inside the silk spinning process along the length of a silk gland has been achieved by the cryogenic quenching and subsequent microtoming of live silk-spinning animals, Nephila clavipes (spider) and Bombyx mori (silkworm). Observations made using transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction and atomic force microscopy indicate a cholesteric liquid crystalline phase of aqueous silk fibroin in the early duct portion of the major silk-producing gland in both species. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) provide evidence for the cholesteric intermediate phase. The fracture surface produced by the diamond microtoming knife follows the twist of the director field, yielding thin sections with an undulating surface topography which produces a characteristic banding, on the order of 200−600 nm, in TEM and AFM images. Electron diffraction results also support the picture of the aqueous silk existing as a cholesteric at an intermediate stage in the spinning process.
149. Bases of which methincyanines are the quaternary salts (1940)

F. M. Hamer, J. Chem. Soc., 1940, 799 DOI: 10.1039/JR9400000799
Graft-Versus-Host Disease After Double-Unit Cord Blood Transplantation Has Unique Features and an Association with Engrafting Unit Recipient HLA-Match (2012)

Abstract Abstract 4197 Background: Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) has emerged as a major cause of morbidity and mortality after double-unit cord blood transplantation (DCBT), but data concerning its manifestations, treatment response, and risk factors are limited. Moreover, the incidence and clinical characteristics of GVHD after day 100 in DCBT recipients have not been well described. Methods: We evaluated the incidence and nature of GVHD in 115 DCBT recipients (median 37 years, range 0.9–69) transplanted for hematologic malignancies with either myeloablative (n = 88) or non-myeloablative conditioning (n = 27). CB units were 4–6/6 human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A,-B antigen, -DRB1 allele match to the recipient, and all patients received calcineurin-inhibitor/mycophenolate mofetil immunosuppression without anti-thymocyte globulin. Results: With a median follow-up of 33 months (range 8–73), the cumulative incidences of grade II-IV and III-IV acute GVHD (aGVHD) at day 180 were 53% (95% CI: 44–62) and 23% (95% CI: 15–31), respectively. Among patients with grade II-IV aGVHD, the median onset was 40 days (range 14–169), but earlier for those with grade III-IV (median 35 days). The gastrointestinal (GI) tract was the most commonly affected organ (80%, 14 upper gut, 9 lower gut, 26 both), followed by skin (39%), and liver (18%). Among patients with grade II-IV aGVHD, 29 (48%) were treated with systemic corticosteroids, 27 (44%) with budesonide alone, and 4 (7%) with topical corticosteroids. Budesonide was used as the sole treatment exclusively in adults for grade II disease predominantly affecting the gut. Treatment response by day 28 was 79% and 85% to systemic corticosteroids or budesonide, respectively. Of 89 engrafted patients disease-free at day 100, 54% subsequently had active GVHD with 79% of those affected having persistent/recurrent aGVHD or overlap syndrome. Classical chronic GVHD was quite uncommon affecting only 10 patients (21%) in the study. To take into account potential confounding variables associated with day 180 grade III-IV aGVHD incidence, a multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed (Table). Grade III-IV aGVHD incidence was lower if the engrafting unit-recipient human HLA-A,-B,-DRB1 allele match was &gt; 4/6 (HR 0.385, p = 0.031) (Figure), whereas engrafting unit nucleated cell dose and unit-unit HLA-match were not significant. Conclusions: GVHD after DCBT was common in our study, predominantly affected the gut, and had a high rate of successful response to treatment. Late GVHD frequently had acute features. Our findings support the consideration of HLA-A,-B,-DRB1 allele donor-recipient (but not unit-unit) HLA-matching in unit selection. This would represent a practice change for most transplant centers. Moreover, new prophylaxis strategies that target the gut are needed. Disclosures: Off Label Use: The use of Budesonide for acute gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease. Giralt:Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding.
2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase gene expression in normal and murine sarcoma virus-transformed NIH 3T3 cells (1989)

Mouse fibroblasts transformed by murine sarcoma virus (MSV) are highly sensitive to the antiproliferative effect of interferon (IFN) (M. Bakhanashvili, D. H. Wreschner, and S. Salzberg, Cancer Res. 43:1289-1294, 1983). To elucidate the mechanism leading to this IFN sensitivity, the expression of the 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (2-5A synthetase) gene, the presence of the 2-5A synthetase protein, and the level of its enzymatic activity were determined in IFN-treated and untreated cultures. NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts were compared with two different NIH 3T3 clones transformed by MSV. Cultures were treated with 300 IU of beta IFN (IFN-beta) per ml for 16 to 24 h. While no detectable 2-5A synthetase-derived transcripts were seen in untreated NIH 3T3 cells, two size classes of RNA transcripts, i.e., 1.7 and 4.2 kilobases, were detected in IFN-treated cultures. Surprisingly, a similar amount of transcripts were present in untreated transformed cells. However, following IFN treatment, an eightfold increase in the level of RNA was readily detected in these cells, with no change in the size classes. Similar results were obtained with the 2-5A synthetase protein, for which three size classes of 42, 71, and 102 kilodaltons were demonstrated by immunoblotting, and with the enzymatic activity, for which again, the highest level was seen in IFN-treated MSV-transformed cultures. The basal level of 2-5A synthetase gene expression in the transformed cells has biological significance since these cells were more resistant to mengovirus infection than NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts. Medium collected from transformed cultures failed to induce 2-5A synthetase activity in NIH 3T3 cells. Furthermore, antibodies directed against mouse IFN-beta failed to inhibit 2-5A synthetase activity detected in transformed cultures. These results suggest that at least IFN-beta secretion is not involved in the elevated level of 2-5A synthetase gene expression in these cells.
Characterization and role in experimental systemic lupus erythematosus of T‐cell lines specific to peptides based on complementarity‐determining region‐1 and complementarity‐determining region‐3 of a pathogenic anti‐DNA monoclonal antibody (2000)

Peptides based on the complementarity-determining region 1 (CDR1) and CDR3 of an anti-DNA monoclonal antibody (mAb) carrying the 16/6 idiotype (Id) were shown to induce experimental systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in susceptible mouse strains. In the present study, T-cell lines specific to the pCDR1 and pCDR3 peptides were established in BALB/c and in SJL mice, respectively. The T-cell lines were characterized and analysed for their pathogenicity upon administration to syngeneic mouse strains. Both T-cell lines expressed the alphabeta T-cell receptor (TCR) and the CD4+ CD8- phenotype. Additionally, both cell lines secreted interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 upon stimulation with their specific peptide, thus belonged to the T helper 2 (Th2) subset. Upon immunization, the pCDR3-specific T-cell line induced experimental SLE in SJL mice. The animals produced high levels of autoimmune anti-DNA and antinuclear protein antibodies, as well as anti-16/6 Id antibodies (Abs). Furthermore, the mice developed clinical manifestations, including leukopenia, proteinuria and accumulation of immune complex deposits in their kidneys. The pCDR1-specific T-cell line failed to induce SLE when injected into BALB/c mice. It is thus suggested that pCDR3 is an immunodominant epitope in experimental SLE and that pCDR3-specific T cells initiate autoimmunity, leading to SLE, probably via epitope spreading.