gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Multicenter, Inpatient, Phase 2, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Dose-Ranging Study of LY2140023 Monohydrate in Patients With DSM-IV Schizophrenia (2011)

The primary objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that 1 or more dose levels of LY2140023 monohydrate, an oral prodrug of the potent metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) 2/3 receptor agonist LY404039, given to patients with schizophrenia for 4 weeks would demonstrate significantly greater efficacy than placebo. The HBBI study was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo- and active-controlled trial. Male and female patients aged 18 to 65 years who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria for schizophrenia were randomized in a 2:2:2:2:2:1 ratio to receive 5-, 20-, 40-, or 80-mg LY2140023 monohydrate twice daily, placebo twice daily, or placebo (am) and 15 mg of olanzapine (pm) daily. Efficacy was defined as the change from baseline on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score assessed at 4 weeks. The primary analysis did not show that any of the 4 LY2140023 monohydrate doses were more efficacious than placebo as measured by the PANSS total score. Similarly, olanzapine did not significantly separate from placebo. A higher-than-anticipated treatment effect (14.6-point improvement) in the placebo group was observed on PANSS total score. LY2140023 monohydrate was generally well tolerated, although 4 patients reported the serious adverse event of convulsion. LY2140023 monohydrate-treated patients showed little change in dopamine-related adverse events and weight. The results of the HBBI study are considered to be inconclusive because LY2140023 monohydrate and the active control olanzapine did not separate from placebo in the treatment of patients with acutely exacerbated schizophrenia. Additional efficacy, safety, and tolerability testing are needed.
Possible key role for plasmin in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms. (1994)

Because plasmin plays a key role in the cascade for activation of the matrix metalloproteinase (including collagenase and the metalloelastases), the present results suggest that plasmin may be important in the sequence of events leading to the destruction of aortic matrix in AAA.
Artificial Neural Network–Based Method of Screening Heart Murmurs in Children (2001)

We demonstrated that ANNs show significant potential in their use as an accurate diagnostic tool for the classification of heart sound data into innocent and pathological classes. This technology offers great promise for the development of a device for high-volume screening of children for heart disease.
Psoriatic arthritis. Current developments. (1995)

Psoriatic arthritis is a distinct rheumatologic disorder characterized by inflammatory articular involvement in patients affected with psoriasis. It occurs more commonly in Caucasians, affects both sexes, peaks in the fifth decade of life, but also occurs in children. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial in which genetic, environmental and immunologic factors seem to play important roles. Recent evidence supports an important role for fibroblast-derived cytokines and growth factors. A most interesting clinical development is the recently introduced classification of the disorder which has been simplified into three major groups: peripheral arthritis; sacroiliitis and spondylitis, and extra-articular osseous manifestations including the SAPHO syndrome. Another major advance in our understanding of the natural course of this disorder is the recognition of significant, functional limitation in approximately 11% of cases, and up to 20% of the patients may have a more severe form, often with damage to five or more joints. Methotrexate therapy has proven to be a safe and effective agent in those patients who do not respond to NSAIDs. New therapeutic modalities, including cyclosporin A and bromocriptine treatment, appear highly promising.
New Stilbenoid Glucosides Isolated fromVitis viniferaCell Suspension Cultures (cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) (2005)

Three new monomeric stilbenoid glucosides, (Z)- and (E)-resveratrol 3,5- O-beta-diglucosides (1 and 2, respectively) and (Z)-resveratrol 3,5,4'- O-beta-triglucoside (3), were isolated from an extract of Vitis vinifera cell cultures (Cabernet Sauvignon) together with the known (E)- and (Z)-piceids and (E)- and (Z)-resveratrol 3,4'- O-beta-diglucosides that have already been identified in a Gamay cell culture extract. The structure determinations were based on spectroscopic data analysis.
Structure of a gene for the human epidermal 67-kDa keratin. (1985)

We present the structure and nucleotide sequence of a gene encoding the human epidermal 67-kDa keratin. Three genomic clones were isolated from a lambda Charon 4A human genomic library by hybridization to a specific cDNA probe. One clone of 12.3 kilobase pairs was shown by R-loop, DNA sequence, and primer-extension analyses to encode an entire gene of about 6.25 kilobase pairs. Of eight identified introns, seven are located within the region that encodes the central coiled-coil alpha-helical domain of the protein. Except for one intron located at the end of the region encoding this domain, these do not delineate apparent structural subdomains. The positions of five of the introns exactly coincide with the positions of introns previously reported in the hamster gene for the intermediate filament protein vimentin [Quax, W., Egberts, W.V., Hendricks, W., Quax-Jeuken, Y. & Bloemandal, H. (1983) Cell 35, 215-233]. These findings suggest that the human 67-kDa keratin and vimentin genes arose from a common ancestral gene.
Solutions for the diurnally forced advection‐diffusion equation to estimate bulk fluid velocity and diffusivity in streambeds from temperature time series (2012)

Key Points A new equation is presented to analyze temperature time series from streambeds Explicit solutions calculate both water flux and thermal diffusivity directly Additional applications, error estimation, and validation are provided
The efficiency of a reflective heating blanket in preventing hypothermia in patients undergoing intra-abdominal procedures. (1990)

This study determined the efficiency of a reflective blanket in preventing hypothermia during intra-abdominal gynecological procedures. Forty female patients were studied. A table of random numbers was used to assign patients to the reflective blanket group (experimental) or the warmed cotton blanket group (control). Esophageal and room temperatures were measured. Data were recorded regarding age, height, weight, body surface area, first-hour intravenous fluid volume, time from induction to skin incision and time from skin incision to peritoneal incision. The study showed no significant differences between groups in regard to esophageal or room temperatures (ANOVA, p greater than .05). No significant differences between groups in regard to patient characteristics were found (ANCOVA). No correlation was found between esophageal temperature and room temperature in either group. A significant decrease in esophageal temperatures was found in both groups during the first 45 minutes of the study (p less than .01), after which temperatures stabilized. In conclusion, the reflective blanket was no more efficient than warmed cotton blankets in preventing intraoperative hypothermia. Previous studies showing the greatest decrease in temperature occurred within the first hour of anesthesia and surgery were supported. The reflective blanket may be useful for operating rooms where the storage and heating of cotton blankets is not feasible due to limited space or cost.
Central Representation of the Inferior Rectal Nerve of the Rat (2010)

The external anal sphincter receives both motor and sensory innervation from the inferior rectal nerve. Activating transcription factor 3 nuclear staining may prove useful for quantifying the degree of nerve injury in animal models of fecal incontinence.
Fabry disease in children: a federal screening programme in Russia (2017)

We did not find definitive evidence of Fabry disease in these children with a history of chronic recurrent unilateral or bilateral limb pain or acroparesthesia. The presence of chronic limb pain does not appear to be highly predictive of a diagnosis of Fabry disease in Russian children and adolescents, suggesting that key early signs and symptoms of Fabry disease are not specific to the disease. What is Known: • Signs and symptoms of Fabry disease are seen in children < 10 years of age; pain in the distal limbs is a common early symptom. What is New: • Fabry disease was not diagnosed in this population of Russian children with a history of chronic limb pain. • The presence of acroparesthesia or chronic limb pain does not appear to be highly predictive of a diagnosis of Fabry disease in Russian children and adolescents, suggesting that these early symptoms of Fabry disease are not specific to the disease.
A new Hilbert-type operator and applications (2010)

By using the way of weight coefficient and the theory of operators, we define a new Hilbert-type operator with the non-decreasing homogeneous kernel and obtain its norm. As applications, an extended theorem on Hilbert-type inequalities with the homogeneous kernel of --degree is established, and some particular cases are considered.
Hypoxia-induced Transcriptional Activation and Increased mRNA Stability of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in C6 Glioma Cells (1995)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an endothelial specific angiogenic mitogen secreted from various cell types including tumor cells. Increasing evidence suggests that VEGF is a major regulator of physiological and pathological angiogenesis, and the VEGF/VEGF receptor system has been shown to be necessary for glioma angiogenesis. Hypoxia seems to play a critical role in the induction of VEGF expression during glioma progression. C6 glioma cells provide an in vivo glioma model for the study of tumor angiogenesis, and the expression of VEGF in C6 cells has been shown to be up-regulated by hypoxia in vitro. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of hypoxic induction of VEGF. Here, we demonstrate that hypoxic induction of VEGF in C6 cells is due to both transcriptional activation and increased stability of mRNA. Nuclear run-on assays revealed a fast and lasting transcriptional activation, whereas the determination of mRNA half-life showed a slower increase of mRNA stability during hypoxia. Reporter gene studies revealed that hypoxia responsive transcription-activating elements were present in the 5'-flanking region of the VEGF gene. These results suggested that several distinct molecular mechanisms were involved in hypoxia-induced gene expression and were activated in a biphasic manner.
Intraarterial Thrombolytic Therapy within 3 Hours of the Onset of Stroke (2004)

The results suggest that IA thrombolysis administered within 3 hours of stroke onset is a feasible and viable alternative to IV rt-PA on the basis of improved clinical outcomes, high recanalization percentage, and comparable mortality rate and despite increased symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. Whether IA thrombolysis is superior to IV therapy awaits further study.
Identification of and partial characterization of platelet vitronectin: evidence for complex formation with platelet-derived plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (1989)

Vitronectin (VN; = complement S-protein), a plasma glycoprotein that is also associated with extracellular sites, was identified in washed human platelets contaminated with less than 0.05% of plasma VN. A specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for VN has been developed and was used to detect and to quantitate VN in detergent extracts of washed platelets with 8.1 +/- 4.6 micrograms/10(9) platelets (n = 10), representing about 0.8% of the plasma VN pool. Platelet and plasma VN were similar by immunochemical criteria using Western-blot analysis, although platelet VN was mainly found as partially proteolyzed polypeptide. Total release of platelet VN occurred at optimal doses of Ca-ionophore 23187 or thrombin, whereas no VN was released by platelet treatment with digitonin or Staphylococcus alpha-toxin. During stimulation of washed platelets with various concentrations of thrombin, the nearly concomitant release of VN and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) together with platelet factor 4 indicated the association of VN with inner-platelet storage granules. Furthermore, platelet VN and PAI-1 in Ca-ionophore releasates comigrated during ultracentrifugation in high mol wt fractions of sucrose density gradients, indicating a possible association of both components. Complex formation of platelet VN and PAI-1 was verified by a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and accounts at least in part for a high molecular form of platelet VN. The identification of platelet VN and its binding to platelet PAI-1 raises the possibility that VN, in contrast to other adhesive proteins, may participate in localized regulatory functions of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in platelet-matrix interactions and the protection of the matrix against proteolysis.
Crystal Engineering of Pharmaceutical Co-crystals: “NMR Crystallography” of Niclosamide Co-crystals (2016)

Niclosamide is a Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II taeniacide currently reconsidered for new promising applications including treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, prevention of protein degeneration in neurodegenerative diseases, or even multi-targeted therapy of cancer and cancer stem cells. Its efficacy in medical treatments, however, is currently limited by its insufficient solubility or bioavailability. Thus, we have further explored the potential of hydrogen-bond-mediated co-crystal formation of niclosamide with suitable co-formers selected from either the "Generally Regarded as Safe" (GRAS) or United States Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA) "Everything Added to Food in the United States" (EAFUS) list, respectively. Solvent-assisted solid grinding and/or slow solvent evaporation yielded four new co-crystals: (i) niclosamide–2-aminothiazole (NCL-AT), (ii) niclosamide–benzamide (NCL-BA), (iii) niclosamide–isoniazide (NCL-IN), and (iv) niclosamide–acetamide I and II (NCL-AA-I/NCL-AA-II). The crystal structures of NCL-AA-I/II, NCL-AT were solved from white microcrystalline powder samples on the basis of the combined application of powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), solid-state NMR, and Density Functional Theory (DFT) chemical shift computation. In addition, the crystal structure of the monohydrate NCL-HA was reconsidered for comparison. Finally an improvement of the equilibrium solubility of the 1:1 co-crystal NCL-AT could be determined (2.8 times that of pristine NCL and 1.4 times that of NCL-UREA co-crystal), suggesting NCL-AT as a candidate for future medical treatment.
In vitro characterization of prostanoid receptors on human myometrium at term pregnancy (1993)

1. Prostanoid receptors present on the pregnant human myometrium in vitro have been characterized according to the receptor classification proposed by Coleman et al. (1984) using natural prostanoids and synthetic, selective analogues and antagonists where available. 2. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) produced a biphasic effect consisting of an initial excitation followed by a dose-related inhibition. The EP2/EP3-receptor agonists, rioprostil and misoprostol, produced similar effects to PGE2, however, the excitatory event of the misoprostol response was related to dose. The EP1/EP3-receptor agonist, sulprostone, evoked a purely excitatory response which was unaffected by AH6809. The selective EP2-receptor agonist butaprost produced a long-lasting dose-dependent inhibition of activity. The results from these prostanoids indicated that inhibitory EP2- and excitatory EP3-receptors are present on myometrium from pregnant donors at term. 3. PGF2 alpha and the synthetic FP-receptor agonist, fluprostenol, caused equipotent excitatory effects, indicating the presence of contractile FP-receptors. 4. PGD2 produced a biphasic effect of which the inhibition appeared dose-related and was antagonized by the selective DP-receptor antagonist BW A868C. The selective DP-receptor agonist, BW245C, produced a potent inhibitory effect that was competitively antagonized by BW A868C (pA2 = 8.6). 5. PGI2 produced a biphasic response qualitatively similar to PGE2. The EP1/IP-receptor agonist, iloprost, produced an occasional unquantifiable excitation and dose-related inhibition. The selective IP-receptor prostanoid, cicaprost, evoked only an inhibitory response. 6. The stable thromboxane A2 (TXA2)-mimetic, U46619, produced potent excitation which was competitively antagonized by the TP-receptor antagonist, GR32191 (pA2 = 7.2). 7. The prostanoids tested indicate that a heterogeneous population of prostanoid receptors are presen ton human myometrium from pregnant donors. It may be concluded that excitation is EP3-, FP- and TP-receptor-mediated and inhibition is EP2-, DP- and IP-receptor-mediated. Comparison of data obtained from non-pregnant specimens indicates that the lower segment tissue from pregnant donors demonstrated more pronounced responses to EP2 and IP-receptor activation.
Ciprofloxacin or metronidazole for the treatment of perianal fistulas in patients with Crohnʼs disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study (2008)

Remission and response occurred more frequently in patients treated with ciprofloxacin but the differences were not significant in this pilot study. Ciprofloxacin was well tolerated.
Automatic data migration for reducing energy consumption in multi-bank memory systems (2002)

An architectural solution to reducing memory energy consumption is to adopt a multi-bank memory system instead of a monolithic (single-bank) memory system. Some recent multi-bank memory architectures help reduce memory energy by allowing an unused bank to be placed into a low-power operating mode. This paper describes an automatic data migration strategy which dynamically places the arrays with temporal affinity into the same set of banks. This strategy increases the number of banks which can be put into low-power modes and allows the use of more aggressive energy-saving modes. Experiments using several array-dominated applications show the usefulness of data migration and indicate that large energy savings can be achieved with low overhead.
Photoinduced activation of CO2 by rhenium complexes encapsulated in molecular sieves (2000)

The photochemical activation and reduction of CO2 over a molecular-sieve-encapsulated rhenium complex was investigated under photoirradiation (λ > 350 nm) at room temperature. Re(CO)3(bpy)Cl and [Re(CO)3(bpy)(py)]+ were respectively encapsulated in the microporous NaY and the mesoporous AlMCM-41 molecular sieve acting as supramolecular heterogeneous host. The molecular-sieve-encapsulated rhenium complexes were characterized by diffuse reflectance (DR) ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis), photoluminescence, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The interaction between the excited state of encapsulated rhenium complexes and the adsorbed CO2 was observed in photoluminescence spectra. The radicals of rhenium complexes encapsulated in NaY and AlMCM-41 were produced with photoirradiation and confirmed by DR UV–vis spectra. By monitoring the photoreaction of CO2 over the molecular-sieve-encapsulated rhenium complexes using FTIR spectroscopy and gas chromatography, the conversion of CO2 into CO and carbonate species was observed. The molecular-sieve-encapsulated rhenium complexes showed photocatalytic activity for the activation and reduction of CO2. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antiproliferative Effects of Src Inhibition on Medullary Thyroid Cancer (2004)

There is no effective treatment for recurrent or metastatic medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). Hereditary MTC is associated with mutations in the RET protooncogene, which encodes for a tyrosine kinase. We postulated that Src tyrosine kinases regulate MTC proliferation. Proliferation of the human MTC cell line, TT, was examined in the presence of a Src-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor, PP2, or genistein. Cell counts were performed with a Coulter counter or by flow cytometry. DNA synthesis was evaluated by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. A cell death ELISA was used to assess apoptosis. Akt phosphorylation was determined by Western immunoblot. MAPK activity was measured using an immunoprecipitation kinase assay, and MAPK inhibition was achieved with SB202190 (p38 MAPK) and PD098059 (MAPK kinase). Data were analyzed by ANOVA. Compared with controls, PP2 reduced DNA synthesis, abolished Akt phosphorylation, and increased apoptosis. The MAPK kinase inhibitor, PD098059, attenuated DNA synthesis, whereas genistein caused modest declines in cell count and DNA synthesis and minimal changes in apoptosis. We conclude that Src-dependent MTC proliferation occurs via increased DNA synthesis and reduced apoptosis. The latter effect may be mediated by Akt survival signals. Modulation of Src activity is a potential therapeutic target in MTC.
Radiation and immunotherapy: a synergistic combination (2013)

Immunotherapy can be an effective treatment for metastatic cancer, but a significant subpopulation will not respond, likely due to the lack of antigenic mutations or the immune-evasive properties of cancer. Likewise, radiation therapy (RT) is an established cancer treatment, but local failures still occur. Clinical observations suggest that RT may expand the therapeutic reach of immunotherapy. We examine the immunobiologic and clinical rationale for combining RT and immunotherapy, two modalities yet to be used in combination in routine practice. Preclinical data indicate that RT can potentiate the systemic efficacy of immunotherapy, while activation of the innate and adaptive immune system can enhance the local efficacy of RT.
Mapping molecular statistics with balanced super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (bSOFI) (2012)

Super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI) achieves 3D super-resolution by computing temporal cumulants or spatio-temporal cross-cumulants of stochastically blinking fluorophores. In contrast to localization microscopy, SOFI is compatible with weakly emitting fluorophores and a wide range of blinking conditions. The main drawback of SOFI is the nonlinear response to brightness and blinking heterogeneities in the sample, which limits the use of higher cumulant orders for improving the resolution. Balanced super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (bSOFI) analyses several cumulant orders for extracting molecular parameter maps, such as molecular state lifetimes, concentration and brightness distributions of fluorophores within biological samples. Moreover, the estimated blinking statistics are used to balance the image contrast, i.e. linearize the brightness and blinking response and to obtain a resolution improving linearly with the cumulant order. Using a widefield total-internal-reflection (TIR) fluorescence microscope, we acquired image sequences of fluorescently labelled microtubules in fixed HeLa cells. We demonstrate an up to five-fold resolution improvement as compared to the diffraction-limited image, despite low single-frame signal-to-noise ratios. Due to the TIR illumination, the intensity profile in the sample decreases exponentially along the optical axis, which is reported by the estimated spatial distributions of the molecular brightness as well as the blinking on-ratio. Therefore, TIR-bSOFI also encodes depth information through these parameter maps. bSOFI is an extended version of SOFI that cancels the nonlinear response to brightness and blinking heterogeneities. The obtained balanced image contrast significantly enhances the visual perception of super-resolution based on higher-order cumulants and thereby facilitates the access to higher resolutions. Furthermore, bSOFI provides microenvironment-related molecular parameter maps and paves the way for functional super-resolution microscopy based on stochastic switching.