gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Postsynthetic tuning of hydrophilicity in pyrazolate MOFs to modulate water adsorption properties (2013)

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted interest as adsorbents in water-based adsorption heat pumps owing to their potential for increased water loading capacities and structural and functional tunability versus traditionally used materials such as zeolites and silica. Although pyrazolate-based MOFs exhibit exceptional hydrolytic stability, the water adsorption characteristics of this class of frameworks have remained unexplored in this context. In this report, we describe the modular synthesis of novel dipyrazole ligands containing naphthalenediimide cores functionalized with –H (H2NDI–H), –NHEt (H2NDI–NHEt), or –SEt (H2NDI–SEt) groups. Reaction of these ligands with Zn(NO3)2 afforded an isostructural series of MOFs, Zn(NDI–X), featuring infinite chains of tetrahedral Zn2+ ions bridged by pyrazolate groups and ∼16 Å-wide channels with functionalized naphthalenediimide linkers lining the channel surface. The Type V water adsorption isotherms measured for these materials show water uptake in the 40–50% relative humidity range, suggesting hydrophobic channel interiors. Postsynthetic oxidation of Zn(NDI–SEt) with dimethyldioxirane was used to generate ethyl sulfoxide and ethyl sulfone groups, thereby rendering the channels more hydrophilic, as evidenced by shifts in water uptake to the 30–40% relative humidity range. Such tunability in water adsorption characteristics may find utility in the design of new adsorbents for adsorption-based heat transfer processes. An original MATLAB script, MOF-FIT, which allows for visual modeling of breathing and other structural deformations in MOFs is also presented.
Towards closed loop control of a continuum robotic manipulator for medical applications (2011)

Robotic catheters are gaining widespread use in the medical community for cardiac, neurological and other surgical interventions. However, many of the catheters used in these procedures exhibit non-linear behavior, and thus present many difficulties in implementing effective open-loop control. Systems such as this have been shown to benefit from closed-loop control, however very little investigation has been done into 3D closed loop control of this class of manipulators. Initial investigations by the authors have shown greatly improved positioning accuracy and response with closed-loop control based on feedback from an electromagnetic localization sensor. This paper describes the control approach and experimental results, and provides a robotic catheter system overview.
Developers Of Novel DNA Sequencers Claim Major Performance Advances (1995)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTDevelopers Of Novel DNA Sequencers Claim Major Performance AdvancesNew systems are said to be able to sequence DNA orders of magnitude faster than instruments now commercially availableSTU BORMANView Author Information C&EN WashingtonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1995, 73, 30, 37–39Publication Date (Print):July 24, 1995Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 24 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v073n030.p037https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v073n030.p037newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1995 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views8Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Genetics Get e-Alerts
Playing by Ear (2011)

Audio-based computer games are helping blind volunteers learn navigation skills and may unlock mysteries of the sightless mind.
Quantification of virus-specific antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid and serum: sensitive and specific detection of antibody synthesis in brain (1991)

Abstract Specific antibody synthesis in brain could be detected with maximal sensitivity by combining an advanced enzyme immunoassay with a sophisticated evaluation method that involves calculating the ratio between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)/serum quotients for specific antibodies (Qspec) and total IgG (QIgG). This Antibody Index (AI = Qspec/QIgG) discriminates between a blood-derived and a pathological, brain-derived specific antibody fraction in CSF and takes into account individual changes in blood/CSF barrier function. For local synthesis of polyclonal IgG in the central nervous system (QIgG greater than QLim), we propose the correction AI = Qspec/QLim (QLim represents that IgG fraction in CSF originating only from blood, calculated from the individual albumin quotient of a single patient). The normal reference range for the AI was between 0.7 and 1.3 (n = 250 control patients for each antibody species). Values of AI greater than or equal to 1.5 indicated a local specific antibody synthesis in the central nervous system. Sensitivity and precision were greatest if we analyzed the virus-specific antibodies in CSF and serum simultaneously with an enzyme immunoassay in continuous concentrations (arbitrary units) instead of titer steps. We have applied the method successfully to antibodies to measles, rubella, herpes simplex, varicella-zoster, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and cytomegalovirus, and to anti-Toxoplasma or -Borrelia antibodies. Clinical relevance is demonstrated for an acute zoster virus infection (monospecific response), chronic diseases such as HIV encephalitis with acute opportunistic Toxoplasma infection, and multiple sclerosis (secondary polyspecific response).
Lethality of glnD null mutations in Azotobacter vinelandii is suppressible by prevention of glutamine synthetase adenylylation (2001)

GlnD is a pivotal protein in sensing intracellular levels of fixed nitrogen and has been best studied in enteric bacteria, where it reversibly uridylylates two related proteins, PII and GlnK. The uridylylation state of these proteins determines the activities of glutamine synthetase (GS) and NtrC. Results presented here demonstrate that glnD is an essential gene in Azotobacter vinelandii. Null glnD mutations were introduced into the A. vinelandii genome, but none could be stably maintained unless a second mutation was present that resulted in unregulated activity of GS. One mutation, gln-71, occurred spontaneously to give strain MV71, which failed to uridylylate the GlnK protein. The second, created by design, was glnAY407F (MV75), altering the adenylylation site of GS. The gln-71 mutation is probably located in glnE, encoding adenylyltransferase, because introducing the Escherichia coli glnE gene into MV72, a glnD(+) derivative of MV71, restored the regulation of GS activity. GlnK-UMP is therefore apparently required for GS to be sufficiently deadenylylated in A. vinelandii for growth to occur. The DeltaglnD GS(c) isolates were Nif(-), which could be corrected by introducing a nifL mutation, confirming a role for GlnD in mediating nif gene regulation via some aspect of the NifL/NifA interaction. MV71 was unexpectedly NtrC(+), suggesting that A. vinelandii NtrC activity might be regulated differently than in enteric organisms.
ERK1/2 is an endogenous negative regulator of the γsecretase activity (2005)

As an essential protease in the generation of amyloid beta, gamma-secretase is believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Although a great deal of progress has been made in identifying the components of gamma-secretase complex, the endogenous regulatory mechanism of gamma-secretase is unknown. Here we show that gamma-secretase is endogenously regulated via extracellular signal regulated MAP kinase (ERK) 1/2-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. The inhibition of ERK1/2 activity, either by a treatment with a MEK inhibitor or an ERK knockdown transfection, dramatically increased gamma-secretase activity in several different cell types. JNK or p38 kinase inhibitors had little effect, indicating that the effect is specific to ERK1/2-dependent MAPK pathway. Conversely, increased ERK1/2 activity, by adding purified active ERK1/2 or EGF-induced activation of ERK1/2, significantly reduced gamma-secretase activity, demonstrating down-regulation of gamma-secretase activity by ERK1/2. Whereas gamma-secretase expression was not affected by ERK1/2, its activity was enhanced by phosphatase treatment, indicating that ERK1/2 regulates gamma-secretase activity by altering the pattern of phophorylation. Among the components of isolated gamma-secretase complex, only nicastrin was phosphorylated by ERK1/2, and it precipitated with ERK1/2 in a co-immunoprecipitation assay, which suggests binding between ERK1/2 and nicastrin. Our results show that ERK1/2 is an endogenous regulator of gamma-secretase, which raises the possibility that ERK1/2 down-regulates gamma-secretase activity by directly phosphorylating nicastrin.
Use of Query Concepts and Information Extraction to Improve Information Retrieval Effectiveness. (1998)

In TREC-7, we participated in both the automatic and manual tracks for category A. For the automatic runs, we included a baseline run and an experimental run that filtered relevance feedback using proper nouns. The baseline run used the short query versions and term thresholding to focus on the most meaningful terms. The experimental run used the long queries (title, description and narrative) with relevance feedback that filtered for proper nouns. Information extraction tools were used to identify proper nouns. For manual runs, we used predefined concept lists with terms from the concept lists combined in different ways. The manual run focused on using phrases and proper nouns in the query. We continued to use the NCR/Teradata DBC-1012 Model 4 parallel database machine as the primary platform and added an implementation on Sybase IQ. We again used the relational database model implemented with unchanged SQL. In addition, we enhanced our system by implementing new stop word lists for terms and selecting phrases based on association scores. Our results, while not dramatic, indicate that further work in merging information extraction and information retrieval is warranted. 1.
G protein diversity and the regulation of signaling pathways. (1990)

The subunits of the heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding (G) proteins mediate the transfer of information from receptor to effector molecules. Biochemical studies and recent molecular cloning efforts have revealed a rich but largely unexpected diversity in G protein subunit structure and function. Extreme specificity in signaling pathways could be accommodated by the combinatorial association of individual subunits. Alternatively, this wealth of diversity may allow for the simultaneous activation of related G alpha subunits and the modulation of several effector systems. In tissues where the subunits are expressed at different levels, activation of receptors could stimulate distinct effector pathways. Mutations in individual subunits as well as alterations in their level of expression can lead to profound physiological changes. The mechanisms that underlie these changes are being elucidated and will provide insight into the complex regulatory processes associated with the large G protein subunit family.
Bioinspired Polymeric Nanocomposites for Regenerative Medicine (2014)

The design and fabrication of bioinspired nanomaterials for tissue‐engineering applications requires a fundamental understanding of the interactions between polymers, nanostructures, and cells. Most biomimetic polymeric nanocomposites consist of two or more types of polymers or of polymers combined with different nanomaterials to obtain composite structures with desired properties. In this Talents &amp; Trends article, the focus is on bioinspired poly­meric nanocomposites surrounding three major strategies. Firstly, biomimetic structures composed of a fibrous architecture are discussed. Secondly, the emerging trends in designing complex nanocomposites with multiple functionalities are assessed. Finally, some of the most critical challenges that come with the design and fabrication are highlighted in bioprinting. Finally, the emerging trends in the field of bioinspired polymeric nanocomposites are highlighted. image
Mulling Over Long Distance Conflict (2012)

This study examines the effect of mulling or ruminating a conflict over a long distance relationship. Specifically, this study examined if there was a difference between the amount of mulling men and women engage in during a long distance relationship and how mulling related to satisfaction. Different types of long distance relationships (friendship, family members, and romantic partners) were analyzed with regard to the amount they mull. A modified version of Cloven and Roloff’s (1991) research method was used to measure the amount of mulling. Results showed there was no difference between the sexes and the amount they mull; mulling was correlated with relational satisfaction; and romantic partners in long distance relationships mulled more than friends and families at a distance.
Drug delivery from structured porous inorganic materials (2011)

Structured porous inorganic materials show high chemical and mechanical stability under an array of physiological conditions. Their hydrophilic character and porous structure can in principle be tailored to control the diffusion rate of an adsorbed or encapsulated drug, gene, or protein. This organized porosity has been used to achieve a sustained, controlled, or pulsed release in drug delivery applications. Their large surface areas together with their large pore volumes have been used to improve the solubility of poorly soluble drugs. Their low density allows them to float in the gastrointestinal tract and prolong the gastric retention of oral drugs. In addition, their easy surface functionalization allows their grafting with bioadhesive and targeting moieties, and their interior pore volume protects biological payloads from physiological degradation. Some of those porous inorganic materials can be synthesized or microfabricated to form deposits thus acting as drug reservoirs. Finally, diffusion-controlling porous membranes or coatings of those materials can be tailored with specific pore sizes to control drug release in eluting devices. Current research is focused on designing on demand targeted drug delivery systems using those inorganic porous materials as reservoirs together with triggering systems on their pore entrances to be externally activated to release the encapsulated therapeutic moiety. All of the previous scenarios will be overviewed to demonstrate the numerous possibilities of structured porous inorganic materials in drug delivery applications.
Evaluation of Human Pharmacokinetics, Therapeutic Dose and Exposure Predictions Using Marketed Oral Drugs (2007)

In this article approaches to predict human pharmacokinetics (PK) are discussed and the capability of the exemplified methodologies to estimate individual PK parameters and therapeutic dose for a set of marketed oral drugs has been assessed. For a set of 63 drugs where the minimum efficacious concentration (MEC) and human PK were known, the clinical dose was shown to be well predicted or in some cases over-estimated using a simple one-compartment oral PK model. For a subset of these drugs, in vitro potency against the primary human targets was gathered, and compared to the observed MEC. When corrected for plasma protein binding, the MEC of the majority of compounds was < or=3 fold over the respective in vitro target potency value. A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to predict the human PK parameters. Metabolic clearance was generally predicted well from human hepatocytes. Interestingly, for this compound set, allometry or glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ratio methods appeared to be applicable for renal CL even where CL(renal) > GFR. For approximately 90% of compounds studied, the predicted CL using in vitro-in vivo (IVIV) extrapolation together with a CL(renal) estimate, where appropriate, was within 2-fold of that observed clinically. Encouragingly volume of distribution at steady state (V(ss)) estimated in preclinical species (rat and dog) when corrected for plasma protein binding, predicted human V(ss) successfully on the majority of occasions--73% of compounds within 2-fold. In this laboratory, absorption estimated from oral rat PK studies was lower than the observed human absorption for most drugs, even when solubility and permeability appeared not to be limiting. Preliminary data indicate absorption in the dog may be more representative of human for compounds absorbed via the transcellular pathway. Using predicted PK and MEC values estimated from in vitro potency assays there was a good correlation between predicted and observed dose. This analysis suggests that for oral therapies, human PK parameters and clinical dose can be estimated from a consideration of data obtained from in vitro screens using human derived material and in vivo animal studies. The benefits and limitations of this holistic approach to PK and dose prediction within the drug discovery process are exemplified and discussed.
Synthesis of (S)-α-Cyclopropyl-4- phosphonophenylglycine (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTSynthesis of (S)-α-Cyclopropyl-4- phosphonophenylglycineDawei Ma and Wei ZhuView Author Information State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China [email protected]Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 1, 348–350Publication Date (Web):December 16, 2000Publication History Received15 September 2000Published online16 December 2000Published inissue 1 January 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo0013711https://doi.org/10.1021/jo0013711brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views906Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Antagonists,Lactones,Monomers,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Automatic extraction of entries for a machine translation dictionary using bitexts (2007)

It is a well-known fact that Machine Translation (MT) systems greatly benefit from user feedback and constant enhancement of the system’s dictionaries. However, getting translators to provide feedback in a consistent and timely fashion is difficult given the time constraints under which translators work. Without feedback from translators, the effort spent on postediting is lost for future translations. This paper presents a method recently incorporated in the PAHOMTS ® systems to extract truly useful dictionary suggestions using bitexts of past translations in combination with the PAHOMTS ® engine, and without any translator involvement. The suggestions are restricted to a few types of common entries and are ranked in order of priority depending on their frequency of occurrence in PAHO’s bilingual corpus. While dictionary entries are suggested automatically by the extractor, a human operator must validate the entries. The process of extraction and incorporation of dictionary entries is described in detail. The setting PAHOMTS ® is a well-established rule-based transfer MT system that has been operational at the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) for over 25 years (Vasconcellos and León, 1988). It currently translates in six language directions (English-Spanish, Spanish-
Engineering of Poly (DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) Nano-composite Particle for Dry Powder Inhalation Dosage Forms of Insulin with Spray Fluidized Bed Granulating System (2004)

The objective of the present research is to develop a new particulate preparation process for dry powder inhalation by which peptide-loaded PLGA nanospheres are granulated with sugar alcohol (mannitol, c. a. 4μm in diameter). A spray drying fluidized bed granulator was used to form soft matrix composite granules. Nanosphere suspension can be readily obtained by dispersing the composite granules in distilled water. The composite granules showed inhalation performance superior to that of freeze-dried nanosphere powder. More than 50% of composite granules were delivered to the bronchioles and alveoli of a rat. The composite granules of insulin-loaded nanosphere have strong and prolonged pharmacological effect compared to the inhalation of insulin solution.
Melatonin administration can entrain the free-running circadian system of blind subjects (2000)

Although melatonin treatment has been shown to phase shift human circadian rhythms, it still remains ambiguous as to whether exogenous melatonin can entrain a free-running circadian system. We have studied seven blind male subjects with no light perception who exhibited free-running urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) and cortisol rhythms. In a single-blind design, five subjects received placebo or 5 mg melatonin p.o. daily at 2100 h for a full circadian cycle (35-71 days). The remaining two subjects also received melatonin (35-62 days) but not placebo. Urinary aMT6s and cortisol (n=7) and core body temperature (n=1) were used as phase markers to assess the effects of melatonin on the During melatonin treatment, four of the seven free-running subjects exhibited a shortening of their cortisol circadian period (tau). Three of these had taus which were statistically indistinguishable from entrainment. In contrast, the remaining three subjects continued to free-run during the melatonin treatment at a similar tau as prior to and following treatment. The efficacy of melatonin to entrain the free-running cortisol rhythms appeared to be dependent on the circadian phase at which the melatonin treatment commenced. These results show for the first time that daily melatonin administration can entrain free-running circadian rhythms in some blind subjects assessed using reliable physiological markers of the circadian system.