gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low level 809‐nm diode laser‐induced in vitro stimulation of the proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts (2002)

A cellular effect of the soft laser irradiation on HGF is evident. Its duration, however, seems to be limited. These findings might be clinically relevant, indicating that repeated treatments are necessary to achieve a positive laser effect in clinical applications.
Hepatic Stellate Cells Function as Regulatory Bystanders (2011)

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) contribute significantly to the tolerogenic nature of the liver. The mechanisms, however, underlying liver-associated Treg induction are still elusive. We recently identified the vitamin A metabolite, retinoic acid (RA), as a key controller that promotes TGF-β-dependent Foxp3(+) Treg induction but inhibits TGF-β-driven Th17 differentiation. To investigate whether the RA producing hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are part of the liver tolerance mechanism, we investigated the ability of HSC to function as regulatory APC. Different from previous reports, we found that highly purified HSC did not express costimulatory molecules and only upregulated MHC class II after in vitro culture in the presence of exogenous IFN-γ. Consistent with an insufficient APC function, HSC failed to stimulate naive OT-II TCR transgenic CD4(+) T cells and only moderately stimulated α-galactosylceramide-primed invariant NKT cells. In contrast, HSC functioned as regulatory bystanders and promoted enhanced Foxp3 induction by OT-II TCR transgenic T cells primed by spleen dendritic cells, whereas they greatly inhibited the Th17 differentiation. Furthermore, the regulatory bystander capacity of the HSC was completely dependent on their ability to produce RA. Our data thus suggest that HSC can function as regulatory bystanders, and therefore, by promoting Tregs and suppressing Th17 differentiation, they might represent key players in the mechanism that drives liver-induced tolerance.
Reinvestigation of positional distribution of fatty acids in docosahexaenoic acid‐rich fish oil triacyl‐sn‐glycerols (2000)

Positional distribution of fatty acids in triacyl-sn-glycerols of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich tuna orbital and bonito head oils has been reanalyzed by a method based on chromatographic separation of isomeric and enantiomeric monoacyl-sn-glycerol (MAG) derivatives. When boric acid thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was used for separation of 1(3)- and 2-MAG analytical intermediates, the stereospecific analysis showed the preferential association of DHA to the sn-2 position followed by the sn-3 position. This distribution pattern differed from that obtained by silicic acid TLC of their bis-3,5-dinitrophenylurethane (DNPU) derivatives. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography elution profiles of 1(3)- and 2-MAG intermediates revealed that 1(3)- and 2-MAG made up of both short- and long-chain lengths cannot be clearly resolved by TLC after preparation of the DNPU derivatives. The 1(3)- and 2-MAG must be resolved by boric acid TLC prior to derivatization.
Primary mouse myoblast purification, characterization, and transplantation for cell-mediated gene therapy. (1994)

The transplantation of cultured myoblasts into mature skeletal muscle is the basis for a new therapeutic approach to muscle and non-muscle diseases: myoblast-mediated gene therapy. The success of myoblast transplantation for correction of intrinsic muscle defects depends on the fusion of implanted cells with host myofibers. Previous studies in mice have been problematic because they have involved transplantation of established myogenic cell lines or primary muscle cultures. Both of these cell populations have disadvantages: myogenic cell lines are tumorigenic, and primary cultures contain a substantial percentage of non-myogenic cells which will not fuse to host fibers. Furthermore, for both cell populations, immune suppression of the host has been necessary for long-term retention of transplanted cells. To overcome these difficulties, we developed novel culture conditions that permit the purification of mouse myoblasts from primary cultures. Both enriched and clonal populations of primary myoblasts were characterized in assays of cell proliferation and differentiation. Primary myoblasts were dependent on added bFGF for growth and retained the ability to differentiate even after 30 population doublings. The fate of the pure myoblast populations after transplantation was monitored by labeling the cells with the marker enzyme beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) using retroviral mediated gene transfer. Within five days of transplantation into muscle of mature mice, primary myoblasts had fused with host muscle cells to form hybrid myofibers. To examine the immunobiology of primary myoblasts, we compared transplanted cells in syngeneic and allogeneic hosts. Even without immune suppression, the hybrid fibers persisted with continued beta-gal expression up to six months after myoblast transplantation in syngeneic hosts. In allogeneic hosts, the implanted cells were completely eliminated within three weeks. To assess tumorigenicity, primary myoblasts and myoblasts from the C2 myogenic cell line were transplanted into immunodeficient mice. Only C2 myoblasts formed tumors. The ease of isolation, growth, and transfection of primary mouse myoblasts under the conditions described here expand the opportunities to study muscle cell growth and differentiation using myoblasts from normal as well as mutant strains of mice. The properties of these cells after transplantation--the stability of resulting hybrid myofibers without immune suppression, the persistence of transgene expression, and the lack of tumorigenicity--suggest that studies of cell-mediated gene therapy using primary myoblasts can now be broadly applied to mouse models of human muscle and non-muscle diseases.
Phosphorylation of PDE3B by Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Associated with the Insulin Receptor (2000)

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase mediates several actions of insulin including its antilipolytic effect. This effect is elicited by the insulin-stimulated serine phosphorylation and activation of cGMP-inhibited phosphodiesterase (PDE3B). In human adipocytes, we found that insulin differentially stimulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity; the lipid kinase activity was associated with IRS-1, whereas the serine kinase activity was associated with the insulin receptor and phosphorylated a number of proteins including p85, p110, and a 135-kDa protein identified as PDE3B. PDE3B phosphorylation was associated with enzyme activation, thus initiating the antilipolytic effect of insulin. These results show a novel pathway for intracellular signaling through the insulin receptor leading to the serine phosphorylation of key proteins involved in insulin action.
Hedgehog signaling maintains resident hepatic progenitors throughout life (2005)

Hedgehog signaling through its receptor, Patched, activates transcription of genes, including Patched, that regulate the fate of various progenitors. Although Hedgehog signaling is required for endodermal commitment and hepatogenesis, the possibility that it regulates liver turnover in adults had not been considered because mature liver epithelial cells lack Hedgehog signaling. Herein, we show that this pathway is essential throughout life for maintaining hepatic progenitors. Patched-expressing cells have been identified among endodermally lineage-restricted, murine embryonic stem cells as well as in livers of fetal and adult Ptc-lacZ mice. An adult-derived, murine hepatic progenitor cell line expresses Patched, and Hedgehog-responsive cells exist in stem cell compartments of fetal and adult human livers. In both species, manipulation of Hedgehog activity influences hepatic progenitor cell survival. Therefore, Hedgehog signaling is conserved in hepatic progenitors from fetal development through adulthood and may be a new therapeutic target in patients with liver damage.
Interactions between Ifenprodil and the NR2B Subunit of the N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptor (1996)

Ifenprodil is an atypical noncompetitive modulator of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NR) which demonstrates a 140-fold preference for NR2B over NR2A subunits, although the molecular basis for this subunit specificity is unknown. We have made chimeric receptors by fusing the murine forms of NR2A (epsilon 1) and NR2B (epsilon 2) to localize the high affinity determinants of ifenprodil inhibition on the 2B subunit. Binding experiments with 125I-MK-801 implicated the region between amino acids 198 and 356 of NR2B for high affinity ifenprodil interaction. Site-directed mutants at Arg-337 showed that this residue is absolutely required for high affinity ifenprodil inhibition. Polyamines also modulate the NMDA receptor with a preference for NR2B subunits, and the pharmacology of these agents overlaps with ifenprodil. Although the determinants of the polyamine enhancement of iodo-MK-801 binding also localize to the NH2 terminus of NR2B, the point mutants at Arg-337 form receptors that are polyamine-stimulated at wild type levels. In addition, polyamine stimulation depends on the expression of NR1 splice variants, whereas high affinity ifenprodil inhibition is independent of NR1 isoform expression. These studies provide evidence that ifenprodil and polyamines interact at discrete sites on the NR2B subunit.
DERIVATIVES OF PHENYLBORIC ACID, THEIR PREPARATION AND ACTION UPON BACTERIA. II. HYDROXYPHENYLBORIC ACIDS1 (1932)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDERIVATIVES OF PHENYLBORIC ACID, THEIR PREPARATION AND ACTION UPON BACTERIA. II. HYDROXYPHENYLBORIC ACIDS1Frederic R. Bean and John R. JohnsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1932, 54, 11, 4415–4425Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1932Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1932https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01350a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01350a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1094Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Expression and function of B7 on human epidermal Langerhans cells (1993)

The B7 molecule is expressed by APC that can costimulate T cells by binding the T cell surface receptors CD28 and CTLA-4. The human epidermal Langerhans cell (LC) is one of the most potent APC, yet B7 expression by this cell type has not previously been assessed. We used a CTLA4-Ig fusion protein that binds B7 with high avidity to probe cell surface expression of B7 by cultured and noncultured LC. LC cultured for 1 or more days were specifically stained with biotinylated CTLA4-Ig and fluorescent streptavidin. In contrast, binding of CTLA4-Ig to freshly isolated LC was not detected. The cell surface distributions of B7 and of HLA-DR on cultured LC differed, as CTLA4-Ig binding was localized to discrete foci, whereas anti-DR mAb uniformly stained the LC plasma membrane. Analyses of epidermal cell (EC) mRNA indicated that the B7 gene is expressed by these cells. Thus, B7 gene probes specifically hybridized to polymerase chain reaction-amplified B7 mRNA isolated from cultured and noncultured EC. As LC are the only normal epidermal cell type that induces proliferation of allogeneic T cells, the role of B7 in this LC function was studied by coculturing highly purified resting CD4+ T cells and allogeneic EC in the presence of CTLA4-Ig, anti-CD54 (RR/1, anti-intercellular adhesion molecule-1) mAb, or both. CTLA4-Ig and RR/1 each inhibited CD4+ T cell responses to freshly isolated allogeneic EC, and cooperative inhibition of more than 90% was observed in cultures treated with both CTLA4-Ig and RR/1 at 5 micrograms/ml. CTLA4-Ig inhibited stimulation by either fresh EC or cultured EC, suggesting that the increased potency of cultured LC vs noncultured LC may reflect the time needed for noncultured LC to express cell surface B7 in vitro. These studies indicate that B7 is expressed on the cell surface of cultured LC, and that LC B7 costimulates the proliferation of resting allogeneic CD4+ T cells.
Brain-Penetrant LSD1 Inhibitors Can Block Memory Consolidation (2011)

Modulation of histone modifications in the brain may represent a new mechanism for brain disorder therapy. Post-translational modifications of histones regulate gene expression, affecting major cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and function. An important enzyme involved in one of these histone modifications is lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1). This enzyme is flavin-dependent and exhibits homology to amine oxidases. Parnate (2-phenylcyclopropylamine (2-PCPA); tranylcypromine) is a potent inhibitor of monoamine oxidases and derivatives of 2-PCPA have been used for development of selective LSD1 inhibitors based on the ability to form covalent adducts with flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). Here we report the synthesis and in vitro characterization of LSD1 inhibitors that bond covalently to FAD. The two most potent and selective inhibitors were used to demonstrate brain penetration when administered systemically to rodents. First, radiosynthesis of a positron-emitting analog was used to obtain preliminary bio-distribution data and whole brain time-activity curves. Second, we demonstrate that this series of LSD1 inhibitors is capable of producing a cognitive effect in a mouse model. By using a memory formation paradigm, novel object recognition, we show that LSD1 inhibition can abolish long-term memory formation without affecting short-term memory, providing further evidence for the importance of reversible histone methylation in the function of the nervous system.
Early ischemia after complete coronary ligation in the rabbit, dog, pig, and monkey (1981)

The character and extent of the myocardial ischemic "borderzone" was assessed in the rabbit, dog, pig, and monkey. A fluorophotographic technique permitting high resolution (+/- 50 micrometers) display of myocardial ischemia has been developed. Reduced intracellular NADH (ischemia) fluoresces and may be photographed while oxidized NAD (perfused tissue) does not. A coronary artery was ligated for 5 min in open-chest rabbits, dogs, pigs, and monkeys. A fluorescent dye was injected into the left atrium as a coronary vascular marker, and the tissue was quick-frozen. The ischemic margin was well seen and was jagged in all species. The distance from anoxic to perfused tissue (borderzone) was less than 50 micrometers in all species. A narrow "oxygen-diffusion zone" of nonperfused non-anoxic tissue is visible in isolated heart perfused with blood-free solution. The width of this zone is inversely related to myocardial oxygen consumption and is less than 50 micrometers in a working blood-perfused heart. We have not yet correlated the oxygen diffusion zone with the clinically defined salvageable borderzone. In dogs, collateral vessels provide a heterogeneous border to the ischemic region so that the canine ischemic pattern differs from that of pigs, rabbits, and monkeys.
Information flow decomposition for network coding (2006)

We propose a method to identify structural properties of multicast network configurations, by decomposing networks into regions through which the same information flows. This decomposition allows us to show that very different networks are equivalent from a coding point of view, and offers a means to identify such equivalence classes. It also allows us to divide the network coding problem into two almost independent tasks: one of graph theory and the other of classical channel coding theory. This approach to network coding enables us to derive the smallest code alphabet size sufficient to code any network configuration with two sources as a function of the number of receivers in the network. But perhaps the most significant strength of our approach concerns future network coding practice. Namely, we propose deterministic algorithms to specify the coding operations at network nodes without the knowledge of the overall network topology. Such decentralized designs facilitate the construction of codes that can easily accommodate future changes in the network, e.g., addition of receivers and loss of links
The intelligent ASIMO: system overview and integration (2003)

We present the system overview and integration of the ASIMO autonomous robot that can function successfully in indoor environments. The first model of ASIMO is already being leased to companies for receptionist work. In this paper, we describe the new capabilities that we have added to ASIMO. We explain the structure of the robot system for intelligence, integrated subsystems on its body, and their new functions. We describe the behavior-based planning architecture on ASIMO and its vision and auditory system. We describe its gesture recognition system, human interaction and task performance. We also discuss the external online database system that can be accessed using internet to retrieve desired information, the management system for receptionist work, and various function demonstrations.
The use of bioerodible polymers and 5-fluorouracil in glaucoma filtration surgery. (1988)

A study was performed to examine the effect of a localized and sustained delivery of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on the success of glaucoma filtration surgery in 18 rabbits in a prospective, randomized, double-masked and placebo-controlled fashion. A bioerodible polyanhydride composed of bis (p-carboxyphenoxy) propane and sebacic acid was used as the drug carrier. The polymer and 5-FU (20% by weight) were compressed into 3 mm diameter discs, 1 mm thick. The polymer with the 5-FU was randomized to one eye and the fellow eye received the blank polymer. The results showed that intraocular pressures (IOP) were lower in the experimental eyes during the 5th through 17th postoperative days, but eventually both experimental and control eyes returned to preoperative levels. Filtration blebs lasted longer in experimental eyes when compared to control eyes. Implant disappearance occurred after IOP elevations and bleb failure. Eventually, the filtration surgery failed in both the experimental and control rabbit eyes.
Memex: A Browsing Assistant for Collaborative Archiving and Mining of Surf Trails (2000)

Keyword indices, topic directories, and link-based rankings are used to search and structure the rapidly growing Web today. Surprisingly little use is made of years of browsing experience of millions of people. Indeed, this information is routinely discarded by browsers. Even deliberate bookmarks are stored in a passive and isolated manner. All this goes against Vannevar Bush’s dream of the Memex : an enhanced supplement to personal and community memory. We propose to demonstrate the beginnings of a ‘Memex’ for the Web: a browsing assistant for individuals and groups with focused interests. Memex blurs the articial distinction between browsing history and deliberate bookmarks. The resulting glut of data is analyzed in a number of ways at the individual and community levels. Memex constructs a topic directory customized to the community, mapping their interests naturally to nodes in this directory. This lets the user recall topic-based browsing contexts by asking questions like \What trails was I following when I was last surng about classical music? and \What are some popular pages in or near my community’s recent trail graph related to music? 1 Motivation Three paradigms have emerged for exploring the Web: keyword search, directory browsing, and following links. Popular search engine and directory sites are visited tens of millions of times per day. We speculate that the total number of clicks per day is orders of magnitude larger. This third source of information, the browsing history of millions of Web users over several years, an information source that dwarfs the scale of the Web itself, is almost entirely discarded by browsers as ‘history’. Deliberate ‘bookmarks’ are preserved, but passively, in browser-dependent formats; this separates them from the dominant world of HTML hypermedia, even if their owners were willing to share them (as they are, in our experience, with all but a small section of their browsing activity).
Noninvasive brain cancer imaging with a bispecific antibody fragment, generated via click chemistry (2015)

Early diagnosis remains a task of upmost importance for reducing cancer morbidity and mortality. Successful development of highly specific companion diagnostics targeting aberrant molecular pathways of cancer is needed for sensitive detection, accurate diagnosis, and opportune therapeutic intervention. Herein, we generated a bispecific immunoconjugate [denoted as Bs-F(ab)2] by linking two antibody Fab fragments, an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) Fab and an anti-CD105 Fab, via bioorthogonal "click" ligation of trans-cyclooctene and tetrazine. PET imaging of mice bearing U87MG (EGFR/CD105(+/+)) tumors with (64)Cu-labeled Bs-F(ab)2 revealed a significantly enhanced tumor uptake [42.9 ± 9.5 percentage injected dose per gram (%ID/g); n = 4] and tumor-to-background ratio (tumor/muscle ratio of 120.2 ± 44.4 at 36 h postinjection; n = 4) compared with each monospecific Fab tracer. Thus, we demonstrated that dual targeting of EGFR and CD105 provides a synergistic improvement on both affinity and specificity of (64)Cu-NOTA-Bs-F(ab)2. (64)Cu-NOTA-Bs-F(ab)2 was able to visualize small U87MG tumor nodules (<5 mm in diameter), owing to high tumor uptake (31.4 ± 10.8%ID/g at 36 h postinjection) and a tumor/muscle ratio of 76.4 ± 52.3, which provided excellent sensitivity for early detection. Finally, we successfully confirmed the feasibility of a ZW800-1-labeled Bs-F(ab)2 for near-infrared fluorescence imaging and image-guided surgical resection of U87MG tumors. More importantly, our rationale can be used in the construction of other disease-targeting bispecific antibody fragments for early detection and diagnosis of small malignant lesions.