gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential expression of Hela‐type caldesmon in tumour neovascularization: a new marker of angiogenic endothelial cells (2005)

Caldesmon (CaD) is a major actomyosin-binding protein found in various cell types. There are at least two high-molecular-weight isoforms (h-CaD) and four low-molecular-weight isoforms (l-CaD) produced by alternative splicing. The alternatively spliced variants of the l-CaD class are further differentiated by inclusion (Hela l-CaD) or exclusion (WI-38 l-CaD) of exon 1. Currently, nothing is known about differential expression of the Hela l-CaD in tumour neovascularization. In a previous study, expression of the Hela-type transcripts was found in glioma blood vessels but not in the normal cerebral vasculature. To investigate whether the differentially expressed transcripts are translated into protein, a specific antibody against the peptide encoded by exon 1 was raised. Initially, exclusive expression of the protein in glioma vasculature was confirmed. To determine further whether these findings are generalizable to neovascularization in a wide variety of other tumour types, a large cohort of cancers derived from various organs, including breast, lung, kidney, colon, stomach, ovary, uterus, prostate, thyroid, liver, giving a total of 180 cases, were examined. Expression of the Hela l-CaD was restricted to tumour vasculature and was not found in normal blood vessels. Hela l-CaD was preferentially expressed in the early stage of tumour neovascularization and the Hela l-CaD+ endothelial cells (ECs) were frequently enlarged, multinucleated, and developed elongated cell projections or free fragments of cytoplasm, correlating with the features of motile cells. In the Hela l-CaD+ ECs, disassembly of focal adhesion and the formation of podosome-like structures was observed. Therefore, the findings support the notion that quiescent ECs undergo activation of motility, necessary for ubiquitous tumour-associated neovascularization. The data indicate that Hela l-CaD can be considered as a marker for angiogenic ECs during the early stages of tumour neovascularization.
Evidence for the epidermal growth factor receptor as a target for lung cancer prevention. (2002)

These findings indicate how effective chemoprevention prevents carcinogenic transformation of bronchial epithelial cells when repair of genomic damage does not select against EGFR overexpressing cells. This implicates EGFR as a chemoprevention target in the carcinogen-exposed bronchial epithelium.
Cognitive and behavioral abnormalities in children after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for severe congenital immunodeficiencies (2008)

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a highly successful treatment for severe congenital immunodeficiencies. However, some studies have suggested that children may experience cognitive difficulties after HSCT. This large-scale study assessed cognitive and behavioral function for the cohort of children treated by HSCT at one center between 1979 and 2003 to determine the frequency and severity of problems and to identify risk factors. A total of 105 patients were assessed on standardized measures of cognitive and emotional and behavioral function together with a control group of unaffected siblings. The average IQ for the cohort was 85 (95% confidence interval, 81-90), significantly lower than both the population average of 100 (P < .001) and unaffected siblings. Multivariate analysis indicated that the underlying genetic defect, diagnosis of adenosine deaminase-deficient severe combined immunodeficiency, and consanguinity were associated with worse outcome but that age at transplantation and chemotherapy conditioning were not. Children treated by HSCT for severe immunodeficiency have an increased risk of long-term cognitive difficulties and associated emotional and behavioral difficulties. The specific genetic diagnosis, consanguinity, and severe clinical course are associated with poor outcome. Long-term follow-up of these patients should include screening to identify and manage these problems more effectively.
Intake of Mung Bean Protein Isolate Reduces Plasma Triglyceride Level in Rats (2013)

Background: Mung bean is well known as a starch source, but the physiological effects of mung bean protein have received little attention. In this study, we isolated mung bean protein from de-starched mung bean solutions, and investigated its influence on lipid metabolism. Objective: The aim of this study is to clarify the influence of the lipid metabolism by consumption of mung bean protein isolate (MPI)Methods: Diets containing either mung bean protein isolate (MPI) or casein were fed to normal rats for 28 days.Results: Both groups ate the same amount of food, but the plasma triglyceride level, relative liver weight and liver lipid contents (cholesterol and triglyceride pool) in the MPI group were significantly lower than in the casein group. In the MPI group, the expression of sterol regulatory-element binding factor 1 (SREBF1) mRNA in the liver was significantly different when compared with the casein group. The significantly lower levels of insulin and free fatty acids in the MPI-fed rats may be due to the regulation of genes related to lipid metabolism in the liver.Conclusions: These results suggest that MPI may improve the plasma lipid profile by normalizing insulin sensitivity.Keywords: mung bean, Vigna radiata L., 8S globulin, triglyceride, β-conglycinin, 7S globulin, insulin sensitivity, SREBF1
NOD/SCID/γcnull mouse: an excellent recipient mouse model for engraftment of human cells (2002)

To establish a more appropriate animal recipient for xenotransplantation, NOD/SCID/gamma(c)(null) mice double homozygous for the severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mutation and interleukin-2Rgamma (IL-2Rgamma) allelic mutation (gamma(c)(null)) were generated by 8 backcross matings of C57BL/6J-gamma(c)(null) mice and NOD/Shi-scid mice. When human CD34+ cells from umbilical cord blood were transplanted into this strain, the engraftment rate in the peripheral circulation, spleen, and bone marrow were significantly higher than that in NOD/Shi-scid mice treated with anti-asialo GM1 antibody or in the beta2-microglobulin-deficient NOD/LtSz-scid (NOD/SCID/beta2m(null)) mice, which were as completely defective in NK cell activity as NOD/SCID/gamma(c)(null) mice. The same high engraftment rate of human mature cells was observed in ascites when peripheral blood mononuclear cells were intraperitoneally transferred. In addition to the high engraftment rate, multilineage cell differentiation was also observed. Further, even 1 x 10(2) CD34+ cells could grow and differentiate in this strain. These results suggest that NOD/SCID/gamma(c)(null) mice were superior animal recipients for xenotransplantation and were especially valuable for human stem cell assay. To elucidate the mechanisms involved in the superior engraftment rate in NOD/SCID/gamma(c)(null) mice, cytokine production of spleen cells stimulated with Listeria monocytogenes antigens was compared among these 3 strains of mice. The interferon-gamma production from dendritic cells from the NOD/SCID/gamma(c)(null) mouse spleen was significantly suppressed in comparison with findings in 2 other strains of mice. It is suggested that multiple immunological dysfunctions, including cytokine production capability, in addition to functional incompetence of T, B, and NK cells, may lead to the high engraftment levels of xenograft in NOD/SCID/gamma(c)(null) mice.
Activation of NF-κB by Bradykinin through a Gαq- and Gβγ-dependent Pathway That Involves Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase and Akt (2000)

Recent work has suggested a role for the serine/threonine kinase Akt and IkappaB kinases (IKKs) in nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation. In this study, the involvement of these components in NF-kappaB activation through a G protein-coupled pathway was examined using transfected HeLa cells that express the B2-type bradykinin (BK) receptor. The function of IKK2, and to a lesser extent, IKK1, was suggested by BK-induced activation of their kinase activities and by the ability of their dominant negative mutants to inhibit BK-induced NF-kappaB activation. BK-induced NF-kappaB activation and IKK2 activity were markedly inhibited by RGS3T, a regulator of G protein signaling that inhibits Galpha(q), and by two Gbetagamma scavengers. Co-expression of Galpha(q) potentiated BK-induced NF-kappaB activation, whereas co-expression of either an activated Galpha(q)(Q209L) or Gbeta(1)gamma(2) induced IKK2 activity and NF-kappaB activation without BK stimulation. BK-induced NF-kappaB activation was partially blocked by LY294002 and by a dominant negative mutant of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), suggesting that PI3K is a downstream effector of Galpha(q) and Gbeta(1)gamma(2) for NF-kappaB activation. Furthermore, BK could activate the PI3K downstream kinase Akt, whereas a catalytically inactive mutant of Akt inhibited BK-induced NF-kappaB activation. Taken together, these findings suggest that BK utilizes a signaling pathway that involves Galpha(q), Gbeta(1)gamma(2), PI3K, Akt, and IKK for NF-kappaB activation.
Statistical Design and Analysis of Experiments (1999)

Linear Models and Quadratic Forms Experiments With a Single Factor Experiments With Two Factors Experiments With Several Factors Latin Square Designs Factors With Two or Three Levels Fractions of 2n Factorial Designs Fractional Factorials With More Than Two Levels Response Surfaces Incomplete Block Designs Partially Balanced Incomplete Block Designs The Existence and Construction of Balanced Incomplete Block Designs The Existence and Construction of Partially Balanced Designs Additional Topics in Partially Balanced Designs Appendix - Matrices and Quadratic Forms.
Capillary Electrophoresis−Electrospray Mass Spectrometry for the Characterization of High-Mannose-Type N-Glycosylation and Differential Oxidation in Glycoproteins by Charge Reversal and Protease/Glycosidase Digestion (2001)

The characterization of high-mannose-type N-glycosylation by capillary electrophoresis−electrospray mass spectrometry (CE−ESI MS) was described. In addition to the use of a cationic noncovalent capillary coating, strong acidic buffer, and charge reversal to increase the glycoform resolving power, N-glycosidase F (PNGase F) combined with a basic protease and α-mannosidase combined with an acidic protease were used to analyze the high-mannose-type N-glycosylation in ribonuclease B (RNase B) and in a novel C-type lectin from the venom of Trimeresurus stejnegeri (TSL). The structures of oligosaccharide, glycosylation sites, and glycoform distributions were determined simultaneously, and the differential oxidation of Met residues in glycopeptides obtained from TSL protease digestion was also characterized successfully by CE−MS/MS. The results showed that the oligosaccharide attached to RNase B has a structure of GlcNAc2Man5∼9, and that attached to TSL has a structure of GlcNAc2Man5∼8. The glycoform distributions in these glycoproteins are quite different, with the GlcNAc2Man5 type predominant in RNase B, and the GlcNAc2Man8 type, in TSL. This method may be useful not only for the characterization of glycosylation sites and glycan structures, but also for the determination of the relative abundance of individual glycoforms.
Fatty acid metabolism in breast cancer subtypes (2017)

Dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism is recognized as a component of malignant transformation in many different cancers, including breast; yet the potential for targeting this pathway for prevention and/or treatment of cancer remains unrealized. Evidence indicates that proteins involved in both synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids play a pivotal role in the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. The following essay summarizes data implicating specific fatty acid metabolic enzymes in the genesis and progression of breast cancer, and further categorizes the relevance of specific metabolic pathways to individual intrinsic molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Based on mRNA expression data, the less aggressive luminal subtypes appear to rely on a balance between de novo fatty acid synthesis and oxidation as sources for both biomass and energy requirements, while basal-like, receptor negative subtypes overexpress genes involved in the utilization of exogenous fatty acids. With these differences in mind, treatments may need to be tailored to individual subtypes.
A novel wide dynamic range silicon photodetector and linear imaging array (1984)

A novel silicon solid-state photodetector structure utilizing the MOSFET subthreshold effect was conceived, developed, fabricated, and experimental results were obtained. This photodetector device, which can be integrated on the same chip with MOSFET circuits or CCD's, provides an analog voltage signal over a wide dynamic range. Fabricated photodetector devices and arrays showed experimentally, in the visible spectrum, an incoming radiation detection light intensity dynamic range of greater than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> . In addition, the novel photodetector device was used to realize CCD and self-scanned MOSFET linear arrays. In this paper, we describe in detail the theory of the new photodetector device and its applications to form linear imaging arrays. Finally, we present experimental results obtained on developed and fabricated devices and arrays.
Autoimmune Diseases Induced by TNF-Targeted Therapies (2007)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-targeted therapies are increasingly used for a rapidly expanding number of rheumatic and autoimmune diseases. With this use and longer follow-up periods of treatment, there are a growing number of reports of the development of autoimmune processes related to anti-TNF agents. We have analyzed the clinical characteristics, outcomes, and patterns of association with the different anti-TNF agents used in all reports of autoimmune diseases developing after TNF-targeted therapy found through a MEDLINE search of articles published between January 1990 and December 2006. We identified 233 cases of autoimmune diseases (vasculitis in 113, lupus in 92, interstitial lung diseases in 24, and other diseases in 4) secondary to TNF-targeted therapies in 226 patients. The anti-TNF agents were administered for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in 187 (83%) patients, Crohn disease in 17, ankylosing spondylitis in 7, psoriatic arthritis in 6, juvenile RA in 5, and other diseases in 3. The anti-TNF agents administered were infliximab in 105 patients, etanercept in 96, adalimumab in 21, and other anti-TNF agents in 3. We found 92 reported cases of lupus following anti-TNF therapy (infliximab in 40 cases, etanercept in 37, and adalimumab in 15). Nearly half the cases fulfilled 4 or more classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which fell to one-third after discarding preexisting lupus-like features. One hundred thirteen patients developed vasculitis after receiving anti-TNF agents (etanercept in 59 cases, infliximab in 47, adalimumab in 5, and other agents in 2). Leukocytoclastic vasculitis was the most frequent type of vasculitis, and purpura was the most frequent cutaneous lesion. A significant finding was that one-quarter of patients with vasculitis related to anti-TNF agents had extracutaneous involvement. Twenty-four cases of interstitial lung disease associated with the use of anti-TNF agents were reported. In these patients, 2 specific characteristics should be highlighted: the poor prognosis in spite of cessation of anti-TNF therapy, and the possible adjuvant role of concomitant methotrexate. In conclusion, the use of anti-TNF agents has been associated with an increasing number of cases of autoimmune diseases, principally cutaneous vasculitis, lupus-like syndrome, SLE, and interstitial lung disease.
Microstrip Antenna Array With a Beam Focused in the Near-Field Zone for Application in Noncontact Microwave Industrial Inspection (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper presents a novel antenna having a beam focused to a small spot in the near-field zone which is intended for use in microwave industrial inspection. The array is implemented using broadband U-slotted microstrip patch-antenna elements and an integrated microstrip feeding network. Analogy with a dielectric lens is used to generate appropriate feeding coefficients for the elements of the array. The concept is demonstrated with two practical implementations having 300- and 126-mm focal distances. The measured results are presented and shown to be in good agreement with the predictions, validating the development concept. </para>
Validation of a novel multibiomarker test to assess rheumatoid arthritis disease activity (2012)

Our findings establish the criterion and discriminant validity of a novel multibiomarker test as an objective measure of RA disease activity to aid in the management of RA in patients with this condition.
Nanosphere Lithography:  Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectrum of a Periodic Array of Silver Nanoparticles by Ultraviolet−Visible Extinction Spectroscopy and Electrodynamic Modeling (1999)

In this paper we measure the optical extinction spectrum of a periodic array of silver nanoparticles fabricated by nanosphere lithography (NSL) and present detailed comparisons of the results with predictions of electrodynamic theory. The silver nanoparticles are small (∼100 nm) compared to the wavelength of light but too large to have their optical properties described adequately with a simple electrostatic model. We make use of the discrete dipole approximation (DDA), which is a coupled finite element method. With the DDA one can calculate the extinction of light as a function of wavelength for particles of arbitrary size and shape. We show that NSL-fabricated Ag nanoparticles can be modeled without adjustable parameters as truncated tetrahedrons, taking their size and shape parameters directly from atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements and using literature values of the bulk dielectric constants of silver. These AFM measurements are presented as part of this paper, and the resulting theoretical line shapes and peak widths based on the AFM-derived parameters are in good agreement with measured extinction spectra. The peak width measured as the full width at half-maximum (fwhm) is approximately 100 nm, or 0.35 eV, which corresponds to an electron−hole pair lifetime of 2 fs. The combined effects of particle−particle and particle−substrate interactions red-shift the surface plasmon resonance by only about 10 nm versus a single isolated particle. By use of AFM-derived parameters that have been corrected for tip-broadening and by inclusion of an estimate for the effects of particle−particle and particle−substrate interaction, the discrepancy between the theoretical and experimental extinction peak maxima is approximately 25 nm, which is significantly smaller than the plasmon width. This residual difference between theory and experiment is due to shortcomings of the truncated tetrahedron geometry in describing the actual shape of the particles, errors in the literature values of the bulk dielectric constants, and experimental uncertainty due to slight heterogeneities in nanoparticle structure.
Impact of C-Peptide Preservation on Metabolic and Clinical Outcomes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (2013)

The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial established that a stimulated C-peptide concentration ≥0.2 nmol/L at study entry among subjects with up to a 5-year diabetes duration is associated with favorable metabolic and clinical outcomes over the subsequent 7 years of follow-up. Herein we further examine the association of both fasting and stimulated C-peptide numerical values with outcomes. In the intensive treatment group, for a 50% higher stimulated C-peptide on entry, such as from 0.10 to 0.15 nmol/L, HbA1c decreased by 0.07% (0.8 mmol/mol; P = 0.0003), insulin dose decreased by 0.0276 units/kg/day (P < 0.0001), hypoglycemia risk decreased by 8.2% (P < 0.0001), and the risk of sustained retinopathy was reduced by 25% (P = 0.0010), all in unadjusted analyses. Other than HbA1c, these effects remained significant after adjusting for the HbA1c on entry. While C-peptide was not significantly associated with the incidence of nephropathy, it was strongly associated with the albumin excretion rate. The fasting C-peptide had weaker associations with outcomes. As C-peptide decreased to nonmeasurable concentrations, the outcomes changed in a nearly linear manner, with no threshold or breakpoint. While preservation of stimulated C-peptide at ≥0.2 nmol/L has clinically beneficial outcomes, so also does an increase in the concentration of C-peptide across the range of values.
Effects of Losartan on Renal and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy (2001)

Losartan conferred significant renal benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy, and it was generally well tolerated.
The Nonenzymic Activation of Prothrombin by Polylysine (1960)

to the observations on shortening of psoas fibers by Kaminer thrombin activation was followed in reactions containing 4.0 mg (12), whose observations in fact prompted this work.of prothrombin and 3.0 mg of polylysine in 2.0 ml of 0.01 M
Immune Response Against Large Tumors Eradicated by Treatment with Cyclophosphamide and IL-12 (1998)

Previous studies have demonstrated eradication of small (4-8 mm) established murine MCA207 sarcomas by treatment with systemic IL-12. Analysis of the mechanism has revealed a cellular and molecular immune response at the tumor typical of a Th1 cell-mediated, macrophage-effected, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response. In the current study we investigate the immune response against long term established, large MCA207 tumors induced by combined treatment with IL-12 and cyclophosphamide (Cy), an agent known to potentiate the DTH response. Our results demonstrate that s.c. large MCA207 tumors (15-20 mm) that are refractory to treatment by either IL-12 or Cy alone can be completely eradicated by the combination of Cy and IL-12. IL-12 is apparently the only cytokine capable of mediating tumor eradication, and the effect is dependent on IFN-gamma. The contribution of Cy is probably due to immunopotentiation of DTH rather than to direct cytotoxicity to the tumor. The regression of these large tumors takes >4 wk and, in many cases, is self-sustained, in that little or no additional IL-12 is needed beyond the initial week of administration. Analysis of the cellular and molecular events at the tumor site suggests that the mechanism is a Th1-mediated antitumor immune response.