gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theranostic Nanoseeds for Efficacious Internal Radiation Therapy of Unresectable Solid Tumors (2016)

Malignant tumors are considered "unresectable" if they are adhere to vital structures or the surgery would cause irreversible damages to the patients. Though a variety of cytotoxic drugs and radiation therapies are currently available in clinical practice to treat such tumor masses, these therapeutic modalities are always associated with substantial side effects. Here, we report an injectable nanoparticle-based internal radiation source that potentially offers more efficacious treatment of unresectable solid tumors without significant adverse side effects. Using a highly efficient incorporation procedure, palladium-103, a brachytherapy radioisotope in clinical practice, was coated to monodispersed hollow gold nanoparticles with a diameter about 120 nm, to form (103)Pd@Au nanoseeds. The therapeutic efficacy of (103)Pd@Au nanoseeds were assessed when intratumorally injected into a prostate cancer xenograft model. Five weeks after a single-dose treatment, a significant tumor burden reduction (>80%) was observed without noticeable side effects on the liver, spleen and other organs. Impressively, >95% nanoseeds were retained inside the tumors as monitored by Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) with the gamma emissions of (103)Pd. These findings show that this nanoseed-based brachytherapy has the potential to provide a theranostic solution to unresectable solid tumors.
Local myocardial insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) delivery with biotinylated peptide nanofibers improves cell therapy for myocardial infarction (2006)

Strategies for cardiac repair include injection of cells, but these approaches have been hampered by poor cell engraftment, survival, and differentiation. To address these shortcomings for the purpose of improving cardiac function after injury, we designed self-assembling peptide nanofibers for prolonged delivery of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), a cardiomyocyte growth and differentiation factor, to the myocardium, using a "biotin sandwich" approach. Biotinylated IGF-1 was complexed with tetravalent streptavidin and then bound to biotinylated self-assembling peptides. This biotin sandwich strategy allowed binding of IGF-1 but did not prevent self-assembly of the peptides into nanofibers within the myocardium. IGF-1 that was bound to peptide nanofibers activated Akt, decreased activation of caspase-3, and increased expression of cardiac troponin I in cardiomyocytes. After injection into rat myocardium, biotinylated nanofibers provided sustained IGF-1 delivery for 28 days, and targeted delivery of IGF-1 in vivo increased activation of Akt in the myocardium. When combined with transplanted cardiomyocytes, IGF-1 delivery by biotinylated nanofibers decreased caspase-3 cleavage by 28% and increased the myocyte cross-sectional area by 25% compared with cells embedded within nanofibers alone or with untethered IGF-1. Finally, cell therapy with IGF-1 delivery by biotinylated nanofibers improved systolic function after experimental myocardial infarction, demonstrating how engineering the local cellular microenvironment can improve cell therapy.
Suspended cells from trabecular bone by collagenase digestion become virtually identical to mesenchymal stem cells obtained from marrow aspirates (2004)

Several reports describe that the explant culture of the trabecular bone after collagenase treatment produces mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the suspended cells had not been intensively examined concerning MSCs. We hypothesized that the cells would acquire the properties of MSCs during their expansion and therefore compared them with marrow aspirate-derived MSCs. Human trabecular bones were washed, digested, filtered, and expanded clonally for 14 days. Their proliferation ability (n = 9) and differentiation potentials for chondrocyte, adipocyte, and osteoblast (n = 6) were similar with those of marrow aspirate-derived MSCs. Epitope and mRNA analysis revealed some differences in both types of cells, which disappeared with expansion and subcultivation. A mixed population of collagenase-released (CR) cells had similar differentiation potentials with CR clone, CD31(+) fraction, and osteoblastic cells. For quantitative study, trabecular bone and bone marrow were harvested by single aspiration using a biopsy needle (n = 16). Although the total nucleated cell number harvested was similar, the colony-forming efficiency of CR cells was approximately 100-fold higher than that of BM cells and more than 1 million CR cells could be obtained in 14 days from all donors. Enzymatically released cells from trabecular bone became virtually identical to marrow aspirate-derived MSCs, demonstrating that a trabecular bone fragment can be an alternative source of MSCs.
Northstar (2018)

In order to democratize data science, we need to fundamentally rethink the current analytics stack, from the user interface to the "guts." Most importantly, enabling a broader range of users to unfold the potential of (their) data requires a change in the interface and the "protection" we offer them. On the one hand, visual interfaces for data science have to be intuitive, easy, and interactive to reach users without a strong background in computer science or statistics. On the other hand, we need to protect users from making false discoveries. Furthermore, it requires that technically involved (and often boring) tasks have to be automatically done by the system so that the user can focus on contributing their domain expertise to the problem. In this paper, we present Northstar, the Interactive Data Science System, which we have developed over the last 4 years to explore designs that make advanced analytics and model building more accessible.
Chromium in the prevention and control of diabetes. (2000)

Chromium is an essential nutrient involved in the metabolism of glucose, insulin and blood lipids. Suboptimal dietary intake of chromium is associated with increased risk factors associated with diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Within the past five years, chromium has been shown to improve glucose and related variables in subjects with glucose intolerance and type 1, type 2, gestational and steroid-induced diabetes. Severe neuropathy and glucose intolerance of a patient on total parenteral nutrition, who was receiving currently recommended levels of chromium, were reversed by additional supplemental chromium. Chromium increases insulin binding to cells, insulin receptor number and activates insulin receptor kinase leading to increased insulin sensitivity. Additional studies are urgently needed to elucidate the mechanism of action of chromium and its role in the prevention and control of diabetes.
Femtosecond photoassociation: Coherence and implications for control in bimolecular reactions (1997)

A theoretical analysis of the recent femtosecond photoassociation spectroscopy (FPAS) experiment on mercury [U. Marvet and M. Dantus, Chem. Phys. Lett. 245, 393 (1995)] is presented. It is shown that when a thermal distribution of diatom collision pairs is excited from a free to a bound electronic state on a time scale shorter than molecular vibration, an ensemble of coherent wave packets is produced. The dynamics of these wave packets created by the photoassociation pulse can be observed by firing a second probe pulse at variable time delays, and the depletion of the first excited bound state by the probe pulse is detected via fluorescence of the remaining population. Simulations of the FPAS experiment, using both wave packet propagation techniques and perturbation theory, clearly show the vibrational dynamics of the photoassociated transients. It is also demonstrated how the FPAS technique may be used as a tool for controlling the energy, impact parameter, and orientation in bimolecular reactions.
A comparison of four serological assays for detecting anti–SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in human serum samples from different populations (2020)

It is of paramount importance to evaluate the prevalence of both asymptomatic and symptomatic cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection and their differing antibody response profiles. Here, we performed a pilot study of four serological assays to assess the amounts of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in serum samples obtained from 491 healthy individuals before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, 51 individuals hospitalized with COVID-19, 209 suspected cases of COVID-19 with mild symptoms, and 200 healthy blood donors. We used two ELISA assays that recognized the full-length nucleoprotein (N) or trimeric spike (S) protein ectodomain of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, we developed the S-Flow assay that recognized the S protein expressed at the cell surface using flow cytometry, and the luciferase immunoprecipitation system (LIPS) assay that recognized diverse SARS-CoV-2 antigens including the S1 domain and the carboxyl-terminal domain of N by immunoprecipitation. We obtained similar results with the four serological assays. Differences in sensitivity were attributed to the technique and the antigen used. High anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers were associated with neutralization activity, which was assessed using infectious SARS-CoV-2 or lentiviral-S pseudotype virus. In hospitalized patients with COVID-19, seroconversion and virus neutralization occurred between 5 and 14 days after symptom onset, confirming previous studies. Seropositivity was detected in 32% of mildly symptomatic individuals within 15 days of symptom onset and in 3% of healthy blood donors. The four antibody assays that we used enabled a broad evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and antibody profiling in different subpopulations within one region.
Nucleotide Sequencing of Phenylalanine Dehydrogenase Gene fromBacillus badiusIAM 11059 (1995)

The nucleotide sequence of the pdh gene coding for PheDH from Bacillus badius IAM 11059 was analyzed. The gene consists of an ORF of 1140 nucleotides which specifies a protein of 380 codons. The primary structure of PheDH is similar to PheDH from B. sphaericus, PheDH from Themoactinomyces intermedius, and leucine dehydrogenase from B. stearothemophilus, etc.
Impact of megatherapy in children with high-risk Ewing's tumours in complete remission: a report from the EBMT Solid Tumour Registry. (1995)

The European BMT Solid Tumour Registry (EBMT-STR) received reports from 21 European transplant centers on 63 patients (50 Ewing's sarcomas and 13 peripheral neuroectodermal tumours) in first (n = 32) or second CR (n = 31) consolidated with megatherapy and BM and/or PSC rescue between December 1982 and November 1992. There were 31 males and 32 females with a median age of 12 years (range 1-30 years) at megatherapy. The median follow-up time since megatherapy is 4 years (range 1 month to 10 years), Thirty-two patients with metastatic disease at diagnosis (22 had metastases to the bone and/or bone marrow) and consolidated in CR1 reached an actuarial event-free survival (EFS) of 21% at 5 years. Thirty one patients in CR2 achieved an actuarial EFS of 32% at 5 years. Favourable outcome was limited to relapse patients with localised disease at initial diagnosis. Distant relapse had a more favourable prognosis than local failure. Analysis of the different megatherapy strategies could not identify a significantly superior approach, nor is there convincing evidence in favour of double graft procedures. From the above results it appears that consolidation treatment by megatherapy contributes to improved EFS rates in high-risk patients compared with historical experience. Major questions for the future to be addressed prior to randomised studies include agreement on the definition of high-risk patients and the most efficient megatherapy procedure.
Functional assessment of control systems for cybernetic elbow prostheses. II. Application of the technique (1990)

For pt.I see ibid., vol.37, no.11, p.1025-36 (1990). An application of the technique described in pt.I for the functional assessment of two myoelectric elbow-prosthesis controllers is presented: the controller implemented in the Boston Elbow, a state-of-the-art elbow prosthesis, and a proposed control scheme that, to a crude degree, mimics control of the intact elbow. Assessment of the controllers was achieved by evaluating an amputee subject's functional capability as he performed a constrained motion task with a prosthesis that implemented each control scheme. Evaluation of the amputee's capability was accomplished offline using sampled values of myoelectric activity, limb kinematics, and the interface forces at the constraint. Superior performance was observed with the proposed scheme. Namely, the subject exhibited better synergy among elbow and shoulder muscles. Furthermore, when using the proposed controller, some natural patterns of muscle coordination were exhibited.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Computational limitations of model-based recognition (1998)

Reliable object recognition is an essential part of most visual systems. Model-based approaches to object recognition use a database (a library) of modeled objects; for a given set of sensed data, the problem of model-based recognition is to identify and locate the objects from the library that are present in the data. We show that the complexity of model-based recognition depends very heavily on the number of object models in the library even if each object is modeled by a small number of discrete features. Specifically, deciding whether a discrete set of sensed data can be interpreted as transformed object models from a given library is NP-complete if the transformation is any combination of translation, rotation, scaling, and perspective projection. This suggests that efficient algorithms for model-based recognition must use additional structure to avoid the inherent computational difficulties. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Determination of glycosylated hemoglobin by affinity chromatography: comparison with colorimetric and ion-exchange methods, and effects of common interferences. (1982)

An affinity-chromatographic method for determination of glycosylated hemoglobin (Anal. Lett. 14: 649-661, 1981) is compared with the thiobarbituric acid colorimetric (I) (Clin. Chem. 27: 669-672, 1981) and the ion-exchange liquid-chromatographic (II) (Diabetes 29: 623-628, 1980) methods. A correlation of 0.98 was obtained for the affinity method vs II and 0.97 for affinity vs I (n = 51). The within-run CV was 1.9% for specimens from non-diabetic individuals and 1.0% for those from diabetics. The respective between-run CVs were 3.4% and 2.4%. Failure to remove "labile" glucose adducts by 5-h incubation of erythrocytes in isotonic saline (37 degrees C) contributed an average error of 13.1% for II, 5.4% for I, and 1.6% for the affinity method. Affinity chromatography gave a decrease of 0.1-0.2% glycosylated hemoglobin for each 1.0 degree C temperature increase between 18 and 27 degrees C. Varying the pH of the wash buffer used in the affinity procedure from 7.75 to 8.25 (pH 8.0 optimum) produced at net change of 0.5% in glycosylated hemoglobin with one diabetic specimen. Using the affinity method, we determined the reference interval for glycosylated hemoglobin in 124 apparently healthy individuals to be 5.3 to 7.5% (mean 6.36%, SD 0.55%). Rechromatography by II and isoelectric focusing analysis of the fractions obtained by the affinity separation revealed a substantial population of glycosylated hemoglobins not measured by II. The affinity method offers a rapid, simple, precise, and accurate alternative to methods currently in use and gives substantial freedom from many common interferences.
Predicting Life-threatening Coagulopathy in the Massively Transfused Trauma Patient (1997)

Postinjury life-threatening coagulopathy in the seriously injured requiring massive transfusion is predicted by persistent hypothermia and progressive metabolic acidosis.
Smart Parking: IoT and Blockchain (2019)

Distributed ledger technology and IoT has revolutionized the world by finding its application in all the domains. It promises to transform the digital infrastructure which powers extensive evolutions and impacts a lot of areas. Vehicle parking is a major problem in major cities around the world in both developed and developing countries. The common problems are unavailability or shortage of parking spaces, no information about tariff and no mean of searching availability of parking space online. The struggle doesn't end even if an individual finds a spot, he is required to pay in cash. This traditional and manual process takes a lot of time and causes a lot of hassle. In this paper, we provide a novel solution to the parking problem using IoT and distributed ledger technology. This system is based on pervasive computing and provides auto check-in and check-out. The user can control the system and their profile using the app on their smartphone. The major advantage of the system is an easy and online payment method. Users can pay for their parking tickets using their credit cards from their smartphone app. This decreases their hassle of carrying cash and coins for purchasing parking tickets. Smart Parking will optimize the parking mechanism, save time, reduce traffic and pollution, and provide an enhanced user experience. It is robust, secure, scalable and automated using the combination of cutting-edge technologies.
Novel high-efficiency step-up converter (2004)

As a result of the equivalent series resistor of the boost inductor, conventional boost converters are not able to provide high voltage gain. A high-efficiency high step-up converter is proposed, with low voltage stress on power switch, power diodes and output capacitors. The circuit topology of the proposed converter consists of an energy clamp circuit and a voltage boost cell. The boost converter functions as an active clamp circuit to suppress the voltage spike on power switch during the turn-off transient period. The boost converter output terminal and flyback converter output terminal are serially connected to increase the output voltage gain with the coupled inductor. By serially connecting the secondary windings of the boost inductor, a high voltage gain is achieved with less voltage stress on the power devices, such as power MOSFETs and power diodes. The operational principle and steady-state analysis are described. A 35 W converter with simulation and experimental results is presented to demonstrate the performance. It shows that the efficiency of the proposed converter is very high (nearly 93%) with four times the voltage output.
Expression of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigens in anti-IgM-stimulated B cells following recombinant vaccinia infection and their recognition by human cytotoxic T cells. (1991)

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) recognizing Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigens (EBNA) are an important host defence mechanism in restricting the proliferation of EBV-infected B cells. Previously, B-type lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) infected with vaccinia recombinants encoding for the EBNA proteins have been used to identify A-type-specific CTL epitopes. However, to localize the CTL epitopes encoded by both A- and B-type transformants, B-type LCL are an inappropriate host for vaccinia. In the present study, an alternative host cell for vaccinia infection is described. Initial studies demonstrated that anti-IgM (mu-chain specific)-stimulated human B cells allowed vaccinia virus to replicate more efficiently than either phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes (PHA blasts) or CTL and expressed EBNA proteins following recombinant vaccinia infection. Furthermore, the presentation and recognition of target epitopes expressed on vaccinia-infected anti-mu-stimulated B cell blasts were comparable to that on similarly infected LCL. Anti-mu-stimulated B cells were used to define the CTL epitopes recognized by a panel of CTL clones from an EBV-immune donor. Using recombinant vaccinia-infected anti-mu-stimulated B cells, the CTL response from this donor was mapped to the EBNA6 protein. Most importantly, in vitro stimulation of unfractionated mononuclear cells with vaccinia-infected anti-mu B cells activated a memory CTL response. Based on the vaccinia results, screening of peptides from EBNA6 localized the epitope for the majority of the EBNA6-specific CTL clones to the sequence EENLLDFVRFM, apparently in association with HLA-B44. This work clearly demonstrates that anti-mu-stimulated B cells not only provide an efficient model for localizing the CTL epitope(s) but also raises the possibility of reactivating a memory T-cell response to any gene product expressed by recombinant vaccinia.
The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program as a Source of Social Welfare – Reflections and Recommendations (2018)

This paper discusses the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, which aid those in need via food stamps. First the author introduces the program, including its coverage. Then, the author discusses criticisms of the program—that it has high costs and may reduce incentives for work. Finally, recommendations are given in light of the shortcomings.
<title>Mobile system for measuring retroreflectance of traffic signs</title> (1991)

There is a serious need for a practical system to evaluate the nighttime visibility of existing traffic signs and provide data for making decisions on sign replacement. A mobile system has been developed which can measure the average retroreflectance of sign legend and background from a moving vehicle during daylight hours. This system uses a video camera to acquire sign images a xenon flash as a source of light a personal computer to analyze the sign images and a laser rangefinder to measure the distance to the sign.
Treatment with thalidomide in steroid dependency and neuritis. (1980)

Thalidomide is found effective and useful in cases of lepromatous ENL in Corticosteroid dependent cases which had been on treatment with dapsone and lamprene. But eventually due to recurrence these cases had to be put back on steroids because of easier availability. Cases of neuritis responded much more satisfactorily and there was no change in the muscle deficity before or after treatment with thalidomide.
PI3K/AKT/mTOR Inhibitors In Ovarian Cancer (2010)

Phisiological activation of PI3K pathway is necessary for cells to regulate many different physiological processes such as transcription, protein synthesis, metabolic responses and membrane trafficking. Abnormal activation of the PI3K pathway leads to an increased activity resulting in tumor onset, maintenance, progression and invasion. Both genetic and epigenetic alterations could affect the normal pathway's activation. Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynaecological malignancies in the western world. PI3K pathway has been recorded as one of the most deregulated signalling pathway in many tumors, including ovarian ones. So it could be considered an attractive target to be investigated with the various classes of chemical compounds already present or in development. In this rewiew we'll try to discuss the published data of the inhibitors targeting members of the PI3K/ akt/ mTOR pathway in the ovarian cancer setting from a preclinical and clinical point of view, with particular emphasis on drugs combination and strategies of administration. Relevant issues and limitations to the use of particular compounds will be also addressed.
Cloning of the γ Chain of the Human IL-2 Receptor (1992)

A third subunit, the gamma chain, of the human interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) was identified, and a complementary DNA clone encoding this member of the cytokine receptor family was isolated. The gamma chain is necessary for the formation of the high- and intermediate-affinity receptors, which consists of alpha beta gamma heterotrimers and beta gamma heterodimers, respectively. The IL-2R on murine fibroblastoid cells can be internalized after binding IL-2 only if the gamma chain is present; alpha and beta are insufficient for internalization. Thus, the gamma chain is an indispensable component of the functional IL-2R.