gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clonogenic analysis reveals reserve stem cells in postnatal mammals: I. Pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells (2001)

Clonal populations of lineage-uncommitted pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells have been identified in prenatal avians and rodents. These cells reside in the connective tissue matrices of many organs and tissues. They demonstrate extended capabilities for self-renewal and the ability to differentiate into multiple separate tissues within the mesodermal germ line. This study was designed to determine whether such cells are present in the connective tissues of postnatal mammals. This report describes a cell clone derived by isolation from postnatal rat connective tissues, cryopreservation, extended propagation, and serial dilution clonogenic analysis. In the undifferentiated state, this clone demonstrates a high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio and extended capacity for self-renewal. Subsequent morphological, histochemical, and immunochemical analysis after the induction of differentiation revealed phenotypic markers characteristic of multiple cell types of mesodermal origin, such as skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, fat cells, cartilage, and bone. These results indicate that this clone consists of pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells. This report demonstrates that clonal populations of reserve stem cells are present in mammals after birth. Potential roles for such cells in the maintenance, repair, and regeneration of mesodermal tissues are discussed.
Thermal re-emission of trapped hot electrons in NMOS transistors (1991)

A simple model of injection and thermal re-emission is shown to be adequate for predicting the hot-electron-injection-induced degradation on submicrometer NMOS technology under AC stress. Hot-carrier stressing has been carried out on LDD NMOS transistors under various AC use conditions. An example of the results shows that a 14% degradation in drain current is fully recovered after 3500 min at 70 degrees C. From the Arrhenius plot of the recovery phase, a 1.5-eV activation energy of the trapped electrons in SiO/sub 2/ has been extracted.
Five endophytes of Lolium and Festuca in New Zealand (1984)

Volume: 20
Directed Molecular Evolution of Cytochrome c Peroxidase (2000)

Cytochrome c peroxidase (CCP) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was subjected to directed molecular evolution to generate mutants with increased activity against the classical peroxidase substrate guaiacol, thus changing the substrate specificity of CCP from the protein cytochrome c to a small organic molecule. After three rounds of DNA shuffling and screening, mutants were isolated which possessed a 300-fold increased activity against guaiacol and an up to 1000-fold increased specificity for this substrate relative to that for the natural substrate. In all of the selected mutants, the distal arginine (Arg48), which is fully conserved in the superfamily of peroxidases, was mutated to histidine, showing that this mutation plays a key role in the significant increase in activity against phenolic substrates. The results suggest that, in addition to stabilizing the reactive intermediate compound I, the distal arginine plays an important role as a gatekeeper in the active site of CCP, controlling the access to the ferryl oxygen and the distal histidine. Other isolated mutations increase the general reactivity of the peroxidase or increase the intracellular concentration of the active holo form, allowing their selection under the employed screening conditions. The results illustrate the ability of directed molecular evolution technologies to deliver solutions to biochemical problems that would not be readily predicted by rational design.
The dynamics of statics (2007)

The statics problem, whether short wavelength, long wavelength, residual, or trim, has always been one of the more time-consuming and problematic steps in seismic data processing. We routinely struggle with issues such as poor signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, cycle skipping, truncated refractors, wavelets with ambiguous first arrival times, etc. Elevation variations create their own problems and impact the choice of datum—floating, phantom or recourse to a zero-velocity layer. Even if we can overcome some of these problems, we still have a “catch 22” situation in which accurate velocity estimation requires good statics, while good statics estimation requires accurate velocities. To characterize these ambiguities, we have come up the oxymoron “time-varying statics.”
Electrophilic Cyclopentenone Neuroprostanes Are Anti-inflammatory Mediators Formed from the Peroxidation of the ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Docosahexaenoic Acid (2008)

The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) possesses potent anti-inflammatory properties and has shown therapeutic benefit in numerous inflammatory diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms of these anti-inflammatory properties are poorly understood. DHA is highly susceptible to peroxidation, which yields an array of potentially bioactive lipid species. One class of compounds are cyclopentenone neuroprostanes (A(4)/J(4)-NPs), which are highly reactive and similar in structure to anti-inflammatory cyclopentenone prostaglandins. Here we show that a synthetic A(4)/J(4)-NP, 14-A(4)-NP (A(4)-NP), potently suppresses lipopolysaccharideinduced expression of inducible nitric-oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in macrophages. Furthermore, A(4)-NP blocks lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-kappaB activation via inhibition of Ikappa kinase-mediated phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha. Mutation on Ikappa kinase beta cysteine 179 markedly diminishes the effect of A(4)-NP, suggesting that A(4)-NP acts via thiol modification at this residue. Accordingly, the effects of A(4)-NP are independent of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and are dependent on an intact reactive cyclopentenone ring. Interestingly, free radical-mediated oxidation of DHA greatly enhances its anti-inflammatory potency, an effect that closely parallels the formation of A(4)/J(4)-NPs. Furthermore, chemical reduction or conjugation to glutathione, both of which eliminate the bioactivity of A(4)-NP, also abrogate the anti-inflammatory effects of oxidized DHA. Thus, we have demonstrated that A(4)/J(4)-NPs, formed via the oxidation of DHA, are potent inhibitors of NF-kappaB signaling and may contribute to the anti-inflammatory actions of DHA. These findings have implications for understanding the anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 fatty acids, and elucidate novel interactions between lipid peroxidation products and inflammation.
TiO2-supported Pt single atoms by surface organometallic chemistry for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (2019)

A platinum complex, (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Pt(COD), is grafted via surface organometallic chemistry (SOMC) on morphology-controlled anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> to generate single, isolated Pt atoms on TiO<sub>2</sub> nano-platelets. The resulting material is characterized by FT-IR, high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (HRSTEM), NMR, and XAS, and then used to perform photocatalytic water splitting. The photocatalyst with SOMC-grafted Pt shows superior performance in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution and strongly suppresses the backwards reaction of H<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> forming H<sub>2</sub>O under dark conditions, compared to the photocatalyst prepared by impregnation at the same Pt loading. However, single Pt atoms on this surface also rapidly coalesce into nanoparticles under photocatalytic conditions. It is also found that adsorption of CO gas at room temperature also triggers the aggregation of Pt single atoms into nanoparticles. A detailed mechanism is investigated for the mobility of Pt in the formation of its carbonyls using density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Deprotection of Silyl Ethers (2013)

Abstract Review: 496 refs.
Phospholipid-sensitive Ca2+-dependent protein phosphorylation system in various types of leukemic cells from human patients and in human leukemic cell lines HL60 and K562, and its inhibition by alkyl-lysophospholipid. (1983)

Phospholipid-sensitive Ca2+-dependent protein kinase (PL-Ca-PK), its endogenous substrate proteins, and regulation of the enzyme system by an antitumor agent alkyl-lysophospholipid were investigated in various types of leukemic cells (chronic myelocytic, acute myelocytic, and acute monocytic) from patients and in two cultured human leukemic cell lines (HL60 and K562). Exceedingly high levels of PL-Ca-PK, largely localized in the particulate fraction, were found in all types and lines of leukemic cells; much lower levels of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase and cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase were also found. Although numerous and similar endogenous substrates for PL-Ca-PK were found in all cell types and lines examined, substrates specific for certain leukemic cells appeared to be present. Substrate proteins for calmodulin-sensitive Ca2+-dependent protein kinase, cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase, and cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase, in comparison, were much fewer or undetected. The PL-Ca-PK activity and the phosphatidylserine-Ca2+-stimulated phosphorylation of endogenous proteins from leukemic cells were inhibited by alkyl-lysophospholipid, which acted as a competitive inhibitor of the phospholipid cofactor of the enzyme. The findings suggested that the PL-Ca-PK system is a predominant protein phosphorylation system in leukemic cells and that this enzyme system may represent a site of cytotoxic action of alkyl-lysophospholipid.
Atomistic simulations of shock-induced alloying reactions in Ni∕Al nanolaminates (2006)

We employ molecular dynamics simulations with a first principles-based many body potential to characterize the exothermic alloying reactions of nanostructured Ni/Al multilayers induced by shock loading. We introduce a novel technique that captures both the initial shock transit as well as the subsequent longer-time-scale Ni3Al alloy formation. Initially, the softer Al layers are shock heated to a higher temperature than the harder Ni layers as a result of a series of shock reflections from the impedance-mismatched interfaces. Once initiated, the highly exothermic alloying reactions can propagate in a self-sustained manner by mass and thermal diffusion. We also characterize the role of voids on the initiation of alloying. The interaction of the shock wave with the voids leads not only to significant local heating (hot spots) but also directly aids the intermixing between Al and Ni; both of these phenomena contribute to a significant acceleration of the alloying reactions.
The Addition of Silicon Hydrides to Olefinic Double Bonds. Part II. The Use of Group VIII Metal Catalysts (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Addition of Silicon Hydrides to Olefinic Double Bonds. Part II. The Use of Group VIII Metal CatalystsJohn L. Speier, James A. Webster, and Garrett H. BarnesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 4, 974–979Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01561a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01561a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5032Altmetric-Citations697LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On the lattice gas description of hydrogen in palladium: a molecular dynamics study (1990)

The occupations by hydrogen of octahedral and tetrahedral sites in palladium are determined with the simulation model of Gillan.They are in agreement with the predictions of a lattice gas model.The effect of lattice relaxation on the octahedral site energies of hydrogen in palladium alloys is investigated with the damped molecular dynamics technique.The diffusion coefficients of hydrogen in palladium, as determined from the simulations, are used to construct a useful random-walk model for the calculation of diffusion coefficients.
CMOS imager technology shrinks and image performance (2004)

In this paper, we present a performance summary of CMOS imager pixels from 5.2 /spl mu/m to 4.2 /spl mu/m using 0.18 /spl mu/m imager design rules, then to 3.2 /spl mu/m using 0.15 /spl mu/m imager design rules. These pixels support 1.3-megapixel, 2.0-megapixel, and 3.1-megapixel CMOS image sensors for digital still cameral (DSC) applications at 3.3 V, respectively. The 4TC pixels are all based on technology shrinks of Micron's 2P3M imager process, and each of the technology nodes report excellent CMOS imager low-noise, high-sensitivity, low-lag, and low-light performance, matching that of state-of-the-art charged-coupled device (CCD) imagers. We have put a model in place to provide the predictive performance of smaller pixels, and then use that model to discuss performance expectations down to 2.0 /spl mu/m pixels. With the combination of imager design rules, pixel architecture, and process technology tailored for CMOS imagers, we see no fundamental reason that CMOS imagers should not be able to continue matching CCD performance as pixel sizes shrink.
Identification and Characterization of BCL-3-binding Protein (2003)

A putative oncogene bcl-3 was originally identified and cloned at the breakpoint in the recurring chromosome translocation t(14;19) found in some cases of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Studies of bcl-3-deficient mice demonstrated a critical role for bcl-3 in the development of a normal immune response and the formation of germinal centers in secondary lymphoid organs. However, the molecular mechanism that underlies B cell leukemogenesis and the knockout mouse phenotype remains unclear. Here we have identified and characterized BCL-3-binding protein (B3BP) as a protein interacting specifically with the bcl-3 gene product (BCL-3) by a yeast two-hybrid screen. We found that B3BP associates with not only BCL-3 but also p300/CBP histone acetyltransferases. The N-terminal region of B3BP that contains the ATP-binding site is important for the interaction with BCL-3 and p300/CBP. Homology searches indicate that the ATP-binding region of B3BP, which contains a typical Walker-type ATP-binding P-loop, most resembles that of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase of mammals and polynucleotide kinase of T4 bacteriophage. In fact B3BP shows intrinsic ATP binding and hydrolyzing activity. Furthermore, we demonstrated that B3BP is a 5'-polynucleotide kinase. We also found a small MutS-related domain, which is thought to be involved in the DNA repair or recombination reaction, in the C-terminal region of B3BP, and it shows nicking endonuclease activity. These observations might help to gain new insights into the function of BCL-3 and p300/CBP, especially the coupling of transcription with repair or recombination.
Recent developments in pelvic organ prolapse (2000)

Pelvic organ prolapse is a common worldwide problem. Recent advances in our understanding of its pathophysiology, along with progress made in the evaluation and treatment of pelvic support defects, are discussed. Although the pathophysiology of this condition is still not completely understood, genetic factors and environmental factors are involved. Understanding these factors better will help us to approach treatment of pelvic organ prolapse in a more logical manner. Multiple surgical techniques are available for pelvic relaxation, with a wide range of success rates ranging from 77 to 97% for various procedures. New techniques need to be studied further before being incorporated into routine practice. Better standardization of evaluation methods can help in such clinical studies.
Self-assembly and applications of biomimetic and bioactive peptide-amphiphiles (2006)

Peptide-amphiphiles are amphiphilic structures with a hydrophilic peptide headgroup that incorporates a bioactive sequence and has the potential to form distinct structures, and a hydrophobic tail that serves to align the headgroup, drive self-assembly, and induce secondary and tertiary conformations. In this paper we review the different self-assembled structures of peptide-amphiphiles that range from micelles and nanofibers, to patterned membranes. We also describe several examples where peptide-amphiphiles have found applications as soft bioactive materials for model studies of bioadhesion and characterization of different cellular phenomena, as well as scaffolds for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and targeted drug delivery.
Testis-specific TAF homologs collaborate to control a tissue-specific transcription program (2004)

Alternate forms of the PolII transcription initiation machinery have been proposed to play a role in selective activation of cell-type-specific gene expression programs during cellular differentiation. The cannonball (can) gene of Drosophila encodes a homolog of a TBP-associated factor (dTAF5) protein expressed only in spermatocytes, where it is required for normal transcription of genes required for spermatid differentiation. We show that Drosophila primary spermatocytes also express four additional tissue-specific TAFs: nht (homolog of dTAF4), mia (homolog of dTAF6), sa (homolog of dTAF8) and rye (homolog of dTAF12). Mutations in nht, mia and sa have similar effects in primary spermatocytes on transcription of several target genes involved in spermatid differentiation, and cause the same phenotypes as mutations in can, blocking both meiotic cell cycle progression and spermatid differentiation. The nht, mia, sa and rye proteins contain histone fold domain dimerization motifs. The nht and rye proteins interact structurally when co-expressed in bacteria, similarly to their generally expressed homologs TAF4 and TAF12, which heterodimerize. Strikingly, the structural interaction is tissue specific: nht did not interact with dTAF12 and dTAF4 did not interact with rye in a bacterial co-expression assay. We propose that the products of the five Drosophila genes encoding testis TAF homologs collaborate in an alternative TAF-containing protein complex to regulate a testis-specific gene expression program in primary spermatocytes required for terminal differentiation of male germ cells.
Plasma Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Angiotensin II, Growth Hormone, and IGF-I Are Not Elevated in Insulin-Resistant Obese Individuals With Impaired Glucose Tolerance (2001)

The plasma concentrations of FFA, but not TNF-alpha, IGF-I, GH, and angiotensin II, are elevated in patients at an early stage of insulin resistance, suggesting that FFAs, but not the other modulators of the IRS system, may be a primary metabolic abnormality leading to insulin resistance.
Exploiting image contents in web search (2007)

Web search is a challenging task. Previous research mainly exploits texts on the Web pages or link information between the pages, while multimedia information is largely ignored. This paper proposes a new framework for Web search, which exploits image contents to help improve the search performance. In this framework, candidate images are retrieved at first by considering their associated text information. Then, images related to the query are identified by analyzing the density of the visual feature space. After that, an image-based rank of the Web pages is generated, which is combined with the traditional keyword-based search result to produce the final search result. Experiments demonstrate the promise of the proposed framework.
The New Realities of the Communications Marketplace (1994)

The convergence of digital technologies is quickly and irrevocably redrawing the map of our industry. It also has altered fundamentally the assumptions that underlie the Communications Act of 1934. Sixty years ago, it was reasonable to assume that, because telephone companies were essentially monopolistic in nature, government regulation was needed to act as a surrogate for market forces in assuring universal telephone service and maintaining reasonable prices.
Manipulation of human B cells to confer immortality (1992)

Electroporation was used to deliver genomic DNA from a lymphoid tumor to activated/stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes to create immortalized lymphoid cell lines. Activation of the recipient lymphocytes was essential for efficient immortalization. A panel of human B cell transfectant clones, each phenotypically representing specific stages of differentiation, resulted from the transfection. Monoclonal antibody production was measured, and the level produced depended on the phenotype of the cells, with the more mature B cell transfectants secreting up to 10 micrograms/mL of immunoglobulin. The transfectants were stable with respect to their morphological appearance, growth rate, and antibody production. Chromosome analysis indicated that the transfectants displayed a normal karyotype, devoid of abnormalities. We have shown that electroporation is an effective method of immortalizing human lymphocytes at different stages of differentiation. The transfectants provide a panel of cells that can readily be studied with respect to their phenotypic/karyotypic stability, regulation, and production of immunoglobulin, lymphokines, and growth factors. These data demonstrate the feasibility of generating immortalized human B cells to provide an important resource for the study of B cell differentiation and immortalization.
Cloning and characterization of fetal liver phosphatase 1, a nuclear protein tyrosine phosphatase isolated from hematopoietic stem cells (1996)

We report the isolation of cDNAs encoding protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) from highly purified hematopoietic stem cell populations. One such cDNA encodes a novel PTP, designated fetal liver phosphatase 1 (FLP1), which consists of one PTP domain followed by a carboxy terminal domain of 160 amino acids. Northern blot and in situ hybridization analysis showed that expression of FLP1 mRNA is restricted to thymus in 15.5-day-old and 17.5-day-old mouse embryos and to kidney and hematopoietic tissues in adult mice. Furthermore, polymerase chain reaction-based analysis shows that FLP1 is expressed in hematopoietic stem cells as well as in more mature hematopoietic cells. Peptide antisera against FLP1 immunoprecipitated a 48-kD protein that is localized in the nuclei of Ba/F3 lymphoid cells. We have analyzed the effects of overexpressing either wild-type FLP1 or a functionally inactive mutant of FLP1 in hematopoietic cells. In the progenitor K562 cell line, cells ectopically expressing functional FLP1 differentiated normally to megakaryocytes after induction with tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA). In contrast, when K562 transfectants expressing an inactive mutant FLP1 protein were treated with TPA, the characteristic cell spreading and substrate adhesion that accompany megakaryocytic differentiation did not occur. We show that, in these cells, the induction of the differentiation marker alphaIIb beta3 is not affected. However, both constitutive and TPA-induced expression of alpha2 integrin, a late megakaryocytic marker, are inhibited. These results suggest that the expression of an inactive form of FLP1 affects late signaling events of K562 megakaryocytic differentiation.