gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Angptl3-null Mice Show Low Plasma Lipid Concentrations by Enhanced Lipoprotein Lipase Activity (2006)

Angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) is a secreted protein with both angiogenesis and lipid metabolism functions. We generated knockout mice that failed to express the Angptl3 gene, and analyzed the lipid metabolism. Angptl3-null mice, fed a normal diet or a high-fat, high-calorie (HFC) diet, revealed markedly low plasma lipid concentrations, especially plasma triglyceride concentration, although the body weight and liver weight were not different between Angptl3-null mice and wild-type mice. Angptl3-null mice fed an HFC diet also revealed a significantly reduced epididymal adipose tissue weight despite there being no difference in adipocyte size between them and wild-type mice. A triglyceride clearance study indicated that the lower plasma triglyceride concentration in Angptl3-null mice was caused by an accelerated clearance of triglyceride. In fact, lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activities in the post-heparin plasma of Angptl3-null mice were 1.57 times and 1.42 times higher than those of wild-type mice, respectively. These results suggest that ANGPTL3 may have an effect not only on lipid metabolism but also on adipose formation.
Genetic Relatedness Studies with Adenovirus-associated Viruses (1968)

Adenovirus-associated viruses (AAV) contain double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA from each of the four AAV serotypes was used as template for the in vitro synthesis of complementary (3)H-ribonucleic acids(RNA). An estimation of genetic interrelatedness was made on the basis of hybridization reactions between synthetic AAV RNA and AAV DNA. Heterologous reactions were 27 to 37% of homologous reactions, suggesting that the AAV serotypes are related to about the same extent. AAV-1 synthetic RNA was also reacted with DNA from helper adenovirus types 2, 7, and SV15. Very low levels of RNA binding were observed, but it is not likely that these reactions represent AAV-adenovirus genetic relatedness.
A Whole-Genome Mouse BAC Microarray With 1-Mb Resolution for Analysis of DNA Copy Number Changes by Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (2004)

Microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) has become a powerful method for the genome-wide detection of chromosomal imbalances. Although BAC microarrays have been used for mouse CGH studies, the resolving power of these analyses was limited because high-density whole-genome mouse BAC microarrays were not available. We therefore developed a mouse BAC microarray containing 2803 unique BAC clones from mouse genomic libraries at 1-Mb intervals. For the general amplification of BAC clone DNA prior to spotting, we designed a set of three novel degenerate oligonucleotide-primed (DOP) PCR primers that preferentially amplify mouse genomic sequences while minimizing unwanted amplification of contaminating Escherichia coli DNA. The resulting 3K mouse BAC microarrays reproducibly identified DNA copy number alterations in cell lines and primary tumors, such as single-copy deletions, regional amplifications, and aneuploidy.
Tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and inflammation in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. An accelerated model of advanced diabetic nephropathy. (2007)

Early uninephrectomy can accelerate the development of advanced DN in db/db mice which may be instrumental in the design of interventional studies that intend to focus on the molecular pathology of the progression to late stage DN.
Lysophosphatidates bound to serum albumin activate membrane currents in Xenopus oocytes and neurite retraction in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. (1992)

Serum contains a factor that co-purifies with albumin and causes neurite retraction in PC12 cells, inhibits the proliferation of tumor cells in vitro, and activates the phosphatidylinositol/Ca2+ second messenger system in Xenopus oocytes and other cells. The activity of serum albumin depends on several lysophospholipids bound to albumin. Thin layer chromatographic analysis of the lipids extracted by methanol from serum albumin revealed over a dozen components, several of which evoked oscillatory currents in oocytes. In contrast to serum albumin, most of these lipids were absent in plasma, which lacks the biological activity. The most abundant naturally occurring active component was identified as stearoyl-lysophosphatidic acid. Synthetically prepared lysophosphatidates reproduced the biological activities of the natural serum factor. Adding synthetic lysophosphatidates to inactive fatty acid-free albumin restored activity to the albumin, making the active factor nondialyzable against aqueous solvents and protecting against digestion by various lipases. Since the biologically active lysophosphatidates were produced during blood clotting, in the presence of platelets, and lysophosphatidates have been shown previously to activate platelets, we propose that lysophosphatidates may play an important role in linking platelet activation to receptor-mediated tissue regeneration.
Comparison of in vivo effects of insulin-like growth factors I and II and of growth hormone in hypophysectomized rats (1985)

Pure human IGF I (43 and 103 micrograms/day) and IGF II (131 micrograms/day) were infused into hypophysectomized rats during 6 days by means of sc implanted minipumps. Their effects on several growth indices were compared with those of various doses of sc infused human growth hormone. Growth hormone infusion produced a dose-dependent rise of endogenous rat IGF from 39 (without growth hormone) to 86 microU equivalents/ml (with 400 mU hGH/day) as determined by a competitive protein binding assay with a human IGF standard. In rats receiving the two doses of IGF I, total serum IGF levels rose to 83 and 99 microU equivalents/ml, respectively, in those receiving the IGF II dose the total serum IGF level rose to 146 microU equivalents/ml. These increases corresponded to steady state levels of 168 and 286 ng/ml of immunoreactive insulin-like growth factor (IR-IGF) I and 320 ng/ml of IR-IGF II. IGF I, but not IGF II led to an increase in body weight similar to that induced by the low doses of hGH (12.5 and 25 mU, respectively). The rise of endogenous rat IGF as well as the infused human IGF I and II caused a widening of the tibial epiphysis and an increase of the [3H]thymidine incorporation into costal cartilage. With respect to these two indices IGF II was clearly less potent that IGF I. When expressed in microU equivalents of the protein binding assay, endogenous rat IGF induced by hGH appeared to be relatively more effective than infused human IGF I or II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Plasticity of sodium channel expression in DRG neurons in the chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain (1999)

Previous studies have shown that transection of the sciatic nerve induces dramatic changes in sodium currents of axotomized dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, which are paralleled by significant changes in the levels of transcripts of several sodium channels expressed in these neurons. Sodium currents that are resistant to tetrodotoxin (TTX-R) and the transcripts of two TTX-R sodium channels are significantly attenuated, while a rapidly repriming tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S) current emerges and the transcripts of alpha-III sodium channel, which produce a TTX-S current when expressed in oocytes, are up-regulated. We report here on changes in sodium currents and sodium channel transcripts in DRG neurons in the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain. CCI-induced changes in DRG neurons, 14 days post-surgery, mirror those of axotomy. Transcripts of NaN and SNS, two sensory neuron-specific TTX-R sodium channels, are significantly down-regulated as is the TTX-R sodium current, while transcripts of the TTX-S alpha-III sodium channel and a rapidly repriming TTX-S Na current are up-regulated in small diameter DRG neurons. These changes may provide at least a partial basis for the hyperexcitablity of DRG neurons that contributes to hyperalgesia in this model.
Time of flight technique used for measuring position and orientation of laparoscopic surgery tools (2006)

An ultrasound wireless positioning system is developed to localize the laparoscopic instruments inside the patient's body. The cross correlation method applied for measuring time of flight of ultrasound bursts yields 1 mm resolution in determining the instrument position. The 90/spl deg/ or respectively 180/spl deg/ phase-shift is introduced after the first half of the ultrasound burst.
Plasma levels of D‐dimer in lung carcinoma (2003)

The authors recommend measuring the plasma level of DD in all new lung carcinoma patients. This measurement may help to formulate individual prognoses and can be used to indicate adjuvant treatment for surgical patients.
The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of porcine liver proline‐β‐naphthylamidase (1991)

A cDNA clone for porcine liver proline-beta-naphthylamidase was isolated and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence of 567 residues was highly homologous with those of carboxylesterases (EC 3.1.1.1) previously reported for other species. In addition, proline-beta-naphthylamidase purified from porcine liver was shown to have strong activity towards p-nitrophenylacetate, a representative substrate for carboxylesterases. These results suggest that proline-beta-naphthylamidase is identical with carboxylesterase.
Structural Health Monitoring Using Statistical Pattern Recognition Techniques (2001)

This paper casts structural health monitoring in the context of a statistical pattern recognition paradigm. Two pattern recognition techniques based on time series analysis are applied to fiber optic strain gauge data obtained from two different structural conditions of a surface-effect fast patrol boat. The first technique is based on a two-stage time series analysis combining Auto-Regressive (AR) and Auto-Regressive with eXogenous inputs (ARX) prediction models. The second technique employs an outlier analysis with the Mahalanobis distance measure. The main objective is to extract features and construct a statistical model that distinguishes the signals recorded under the different structural conditions of the boat. These two techniques were successfully applied to the patrol boat data clearly distinguishing data sets obtained from different structural conditions.
Hybrid transactional memory to accelerate safe lock-based transactions (2008)

To reduce the overhead of Software Transactional Memory (STM) there are many recent proposals to build hybrid systems that use architectural support either to accelerate parts of a particular STM\n algorithm (Ha-TM), or to form a hybrid system allowing hardware-transactions and software-transactions to inter-operate in the same address space (Hy-TM). In this paper we introduce a \nHy-TM design based on multi-reader, single-writer locking when a transaction tries to commit. This approach is the first Hy-TM to combine three desirable features: (i) execution whether or not the architectural support is present, (ii) execution of a single common code path, whether a transaction is running in software or hardware, (iii) immunity, for correctly synchronized programs, from the “privatization” problem. Our architectural support can be any traditional HTM supporting bounded\nor unbounded-size transactions, along with an instruction to test whether or not the current thread is running inside a hardware transaction.\nWith this we carefully design the Hy-TM so that portions of its work can be elided when running a transaction in hardware mode.\nWhile not compared with the native HTM system, our simulations show that, when running with HW support, the main runtime overheads of the STM system are elided: Depending on the workload,\n the speedup with read-only transactions is up to 3.03× in the single-thread execution and 61× in the 32-thread case, while with read-and-write transactions it reaches over 10×.
Human in vitro Model Reveals the Effects of Collagen Cross-linking on Keratoconus Pathogenesis (2017)

Keratoconus (KC) is a corneal thinning disorder that leads to severe vision impairment As opposed to corneal transplantation; corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) is a relatively non-invasive procedure that leads to an increase in corneal stiffness. In order to evaluate the effect of CXL on human corneal stromal cells in vitro, we developed a 3-D in vitro CXL model, using primary Human corneal fibroblasts (HCFs) from healthy patients and Human Keratoconus fibroblasts (HKCs) from KC patients. Cells were plated on transwell polycarbonate membranes and stimulated by a stable vitamin C. CXL was performed using a mixed riboflavin 0.1% PBS solution followed by UVA irradiation. Our data revealed no significant apoptosis in either HCFs or HKCs following CXL. However, corneal fibrosis markers, Collagen III and α-smooth muscle actin, were significantly downregulated in CXL HKCs. Furthermore, a significant downregulation was seen in SMAD3, SMAD7, and phosphorylated SMADs -2 and -3 expression in CXL HKCs, contrary to a significant upregulation in both SMAD2 and Lysyl oxidase expression, compared to HCFs. Our novel 3-D in vitro model can be utilized to determine the cellular and molecular effects on the human corneal stroma post CXL, and promises to establish optimized treatment modalities in patients with KC.
Expression of the neuroglandular antigen and analogues in melanoma. CD9 expression appears inversely related to metastatic potential of melanoma (1993)

Immunohistological methods were used to examine the relation between the metastatic potential of melanoma and expression of the neuroglandular antigen (CD63) and other members of this family of molecules, CD53, CD37, CD9 and the target of an anti-proliferative antibody (TAPA-I), as well as MHC-class-I and -II antigens. The criteria used to establish metastatic potential were their relation to thickness of the primary melanoma, and differences in expression between vertical and radial growth phases of primary melanoma and between primary and metastatic melanoma. Studies on basal-cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) were also included as controls for malignant skin cancers with low metastatic potential. Expression of CD9 and MHC-class-I antigen was found to be inversely related to thickness of the primary tumor, and CD9 was expressed predominantly on primary rather than on metastatic tumors. CD9 expression correlated with MHC-class-I expression on melanoma, and both were expressed on BCCs and SCCs having low metastatic potential, but not on compound nevi. CD63 and TAPA-I were expressed on nevi but not on SCC and BCC. Leu 13 is a molecule associated with TAPA-I in lymphomas, and was found to be expressed in sections from 5 out of 34 primary and 5 out of 21 metastatic melanoma. CD53 and CD37 were not detected on melanoma. Our results indicate that several members of the neuroglandular antigen are expressed in melanoma and that low expression of CD9 on primary melanomas might have prognostic significance with respect to the potential for metastasis.
Immunodominant Epitope Regions of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase (1995)

Anti-HIV-1 polymerase antibodies are present in high titer throughout the course of HIV disease. The possibility that a subset of these immunoglobulins might represent an adaptive immune response was suggested by several studies, from this laboratory and others, identifying IgGs capable of inhibiting the catalytic activity of reverse transcriptase (RT) in asymptomatic HIV+ individuals, which were absent from most AIDS patients. We have now determined the dominant B-cell epitope segments of RT recognized during natural HIV-1 infection, with one epitope region, amino acids 244-269, recognized by the majority of HIV-1 positive sera. We have also correlated IgG RT inhibitor activity with amino acids 157-178, corresponding to sequences previously identified by monoclonal antibody mapping and site-directed mutagenesis as necessary for the maintenance of polymerase function. Absence of reactivity to synthetic peptides prepared from this latter region correlated with both advanced HIV disease in a cross-sectional survey of 57 HIV-1+ individuals, and progression of clinical symptoms in a small cohort followed longitudinally. Given current interest in examining diverse components of HIV in development of peptide-based protective vaccines and specific active immunotherapies, these segments of RT might be considered as potential candidates.
Basic methods in protein purification and analysis : a laboratory manual (2009)

1. Introduction to Protein Purification Strategies 2. Preparation of Cellular and Subcellular Extracts Section 1: Purification Using Gel Electrophoresis 3. One-dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis 4. Preparative Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis with Immobilized pH Gradients Section 2: Purification Using Column Chromatography 5. Ion-exchange Chromatography 6. Size-exclusion Chromatography 7. Reversed-phase High-performance Liquid Chromatography 8. Affinity and Immunoaffinity Chromatography 9. Metal Chelate Affinity Chromatography 10. Multidimensional Chromatography of Intact Proteins Section 3: Characterizing Protein Complexes 11. Identification of Protein-Protein Interactions by Conventional Column Chromatography 12. Identification of Associated Proteins by Coimmunoprecipitation 13. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation of Protein Complexes 14. Identification of Protein-Protein Interactions with Glutathione-S-Transferase Fusion Proteins 15. Direct Visualization of Protein Interactions in Living Cells Using Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation Analysis 16. In Silico Tools: Analysis for Creating Focused Interaction Networks Appendices 1. Measuring the Concentration of Proteins 2. Concentrating Solutions of Proteins 3. Stabilization of Proteins for Storage 4. Immunoblotting and Staining of Membrane-bound Proteins 5. General Cautions Index
Application of fault diagnosis technique in chemical engineering (2000)

The paper introduces importance of the fault diagnosis technique and its economic benefit,as well as several methods of fault diagnosis and problem to be paid attention in chemical operation.
Tryptase in nasal lavage fluid after local allergen challenge: Relationship to histamine levels and TAME‐esterase activity (1991)

The activation of mast cells is generally considered to be an important trigger mechanism in the immediate allergic response. This study focused on the determination of three markers of mast cell activation after an allergen challenge. Nasal allergen challenges were performed in 25 subjects with seasonal allergic rhinitis using three allergen doses increasing in 10-fold steps in a standardised nasal lavage model for the subsequent recovery of the markers of mast cell activation. The levels of histamine and tryptase in the nasal lavage fluid were determined using radioimmunoassays, while the TAME-esterase activity was determined using a radiochemical technique. The nasal symptoms obtained on challenge were assessed using a scoring technique. The allergen challenge resulted in significant increases in the levels of all three markers, tryptase, histamine and TAME-esterase. In the individual measurements after the challenges there was a highly significant correlation between the TAME-esterase levels and the tryptase levels (r = 0.71; P less than 0.001), while the generation of histamine and tryptase was not significantly correlated. When comparing the cumulative generation of the three markers, significant correlations were found between all three. Allergen challenges in six non-allergic controls using the same technique did not result in any increase in tryptase levels. The findings suggest that the determination of tryptase in nasal lavage fluid may be a valuable indicator of mast cell activation in the upper airways.
Study of high impedance fault detection in Levante area in Spain (2002)

This paper presents a study of high impedance fault detection in a particular case of the Spanish power distribution network. It aims to carry out an analysis of high impedance fault riskiness in three-wire distribution systems. A study of the presumed fault is performed considering 64N protection device alarm. Data from staged faults are presented in which downed conductors in different surfaces and conditions were recorded. Measurement system and electric conditions of the test location are described. Then, a fault riskiness diagnosis is proposed based on an arc existence confidence together with presumed fault context conditions. A new analysis methodology for electric arc detection is presented and assessed taking into account low order harmonic current.
The p53 pathway (1999)

Abnormalities of the p53 tumour suppressor gene are among the most frequent molecular events in human and animal neoplasia. Moreover, p53 is one of the most studied proteins in the whole of contemporary biology, with more than 12,500 papers so far written! In this review the choice has been deliberately made not to be fully comprehensive in the coverage of the huge p53 literature. Rather attention is focused on a small number of recent developments which are reviewed in the context of modern models of p53 function. Progress in the analysis of signalling to p53 including phosphorylation cascades, and interactions with proteins such as mdm2 and ARF are highlighted. The plethora of protein-protein interactions is discussed, as are the strategies for defining downstream targets of p53. Finally, the emerging biology of p53 homologues is considered. The need for bridging the gap between reductionist, biochemical and biophysical studies and biological and genetic analysis is emphasized. Only this will provide the needed framework for utilizing the information in clinical care.
Transgenic plants in the biopharmaceutical market (2005)

Many of our 'small-molecule-drugs' are natural products from plants, or are synthetic compounds based on molecules found naturally in plants. However, the vast majority of the protein therapeutics (or biopharmaceuticals) we use are from animal or human sources, and are produced commercially in microbial or mammalian bioreactor systems. Over the last few years, it has become clear that plants have great potential for the production of human proteins and other protein-based therapeutic entities. Plants offer the prospect of inexpensive biopharmaceutical production without sacrificing product quality or safety, and following the success of several plant-derived technical proteins, the first therapeutic products are now approaching the market. In this review, the different plant-based production systems are discussed and the merits of transgenic plants are evaluated compared with other platforms. A detailed discussion is provided of the development issues that remain to be addressed before plants become an acceptable mainstream production technology. The many different proteins that have already been produced using plants are described, and a sketch of the current market and the activities of the key players is provided. Despite the currently unclear regulatory framework and general industry inertia, the benefits of plant-derived pharmaceuticals are now bringing the prospect of inexpensive veterinary and human medicines closer than ever before.
Investigation of the electron transfer characteristics in multi-δ-doped GaAs FET's (1996)

GaAs field-effect transistors (FET's) utilizing multiple /spl delta/-doping profiles to generate different shape of equivalent channels were demonstrated. The proposed structures containing three different triple-/spl delta/-doping profiles were grown by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (LP-MOCVD). The theoretical and experimental results in the triple-/spl delta/-doped GaAs structures exhibit much superior device performance than that of conventional uniform-doped GaAs structure. Besides, the proposed structures with graded-like /spl delta/-doping profiles show significantly improved linearity of transfer characteristics when compared to that without graded-like triple-/spl delta/-doping structure. The structure also revealed an extrinsic transconductance as high as 180 mS/mm for a gate length of 2 /spl mu/m.