gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Update on chronic viral hepatitis (2001)

Many recent and significant advances in the field of chronic viral hepatitis, including therapy, suggest that an update on chronic hepatitis is timely. Chronic hepatitis B virus infection remains a significant worldwide cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, despite the wide availability of a long established and effective vaccine. Transmission occurs via perinatal, sexual, and parenteral routes (particularly intravenous drug abuse and although blood products still carry a risk, this is now extremely low in Western countries). Only a minority of infected adult cases develop chronic hepatitis but in children under 1 year, 90% develop chronic hepatitis. The clinical spectrum of chronic liver injury ranges from mild inflammation to end stage liver cirrhosis. Interferon alfa has been the mainstay of treatment for patients with active disease but nucleoside analogues (lamivudine and adefovir) are now available with similar efficacy. Patients with end stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma can be offered transplantation but infection in the graft is commonplace. The combination of hepatitis B immunoglobulin and newer antiviral drugs reduce the incidence and severity of graft infection significantly. The hepatitis C virus epidemic of the latter half of the 20th century now affects more than 1% of populations worldwide. This RNA virus is spread parenterally and is becoming the leading indication for liver transplantation. The majority of patients develop chronic hepatitis, which may be progressive, evolving to significant liver disease (cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma) in about 20% cases after decades. Treatment with the combination of interferon alfa and ribavirin is successful in up to 40% cases. Liver transplantation is a therapeutic option for some but graft infection is universal and often complicated by progressive liver fibrosis. A vaccine remains a remote prospect so that prevention is crucial. Hepatitis D virus infection occurs on a background of hepatitis B virus infection and can also cause liver damage. The response to antiviral therapy is poor. The newer "hepatitis" viruses G and TT do not cause significant liver injury.
The Transistor, A Semi-Conductor Triode (1948)

to have a positive dn/d'1 and is considered to have large homopolar bonding, similar reasoning predicts that dn/dp is positive; i.e. , ) 0&1. In crystals containing radicals and in many glasses, positive dn/dT values are frequently obtained although their de/dp values are negative. In these materials there are e6ects within the radical which con- tribute xnainly to dn/dT and only slightly to dn/dp. A more complete treatment of these subjects will be pre- sented in a forthcoming paper.
Auto, a surface associated autolysin of Listeria monocytogenes required for entry into eukaryotic cells and virulence (2004)

Listeria monocytogenes is an opportunistic food-borne human and animal pathogen. Several surface proteins expressed by this intracellular pathogen are critical for the infectious process. By in silico analysis we compared the surface protein repertories of L. monocytogenes and of the non-pathogenic species Listeria innocua and identified a gene encoding a surface protein of L. monocytogenes absent in L. innocua. This gene that we named aut encodes a protein (Auto) of 572 amino acids containing a signal sequence, a N-terminal autolysin domain and a C-terminal cell wall-anchoring domain made up of four GW modules. We show here that the aut gene is expressed independently of the virulence gene regulator PrfA and encodes a surface protein with an autolytic activity. We provide evidence that Auto is required for entry of L. monocytogenes into cultured non-phagocytic eukaryotic cells. The low invasiveness of an aut deletion mutant correlates with its reduced virulence following intravenous inoculation of mice and oral infection of guinea pigs. During infection, the autolytic activity of Auto may also be critical. Auto appears thus as a novel type of L. monocytogenes virulence factor.
Overexpression of Transforming Growth Factor-β Is Associated With Increased Hyaluronan Content and Impairment of Repair in Marfan Syndrome Aortic Aneurysm (2006)

There was overexpression of TGF-beta in MFS associated with altered hyaluronan synthesis, increased apoptosis, impaired progenitor cell recruitment, and abnormal directional migration. These factors limit tissue repair and are likely to contribute to aneurysm development.
A Cystic Fibrosis Bronchial Epithelial Cell Line: Immortalization by Adeno-12-SV40 Infection (1991)

An immortalized cell line was created from a primary culture of bronchial epithelia isolated from a patient with cystic fibrosis. The culture was transformed with a hybrid virus, adeno-12-SV40, which has been used successfully on a number of different human epithelial tissues. The transformed bronchial epithelial cells have the following characteristics. (1) Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is stimulated by beta-adrenergic agonists. (2) Outwardly rectifying Cl- channels are present on the apical cell membrane. These channels can be activated by depolarizing voltages but not by protein kinase A or C. (3) Keratin is present by immunofluorescence, and this is consistent with the epithelial origin of the cells. (4) The SV40 large T antigen is present as demonstrated by immunofluorescence. (5) Multiple karyotype analyses show modal chromosome number to be 80 to 90. There are an average of four chromosome 7 per cell. (6) The phenylalanine508 deletion in the gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator is present on at least one chromosome. The cells can be grown in multiple passages, contain the abnormal regulation of the secretory Cl- channel, and should be an appropriate substrate for studies of the mutant cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulatory protein and its interaction with the Cl- channel.
In Vitro Antibacterial Activities of Platelet Microbicidal Protein and Neutrophil Defensin against Staphylococcus aureus Are Influenced by Antibiotics Differing in Mechanism of Action (1999)

Thrombin-induced platelet microbicidal protein-1 (tPMP-1) and human neutrophil defensin-1 (HNP-1) are small, cationic antimicrobial peptides. These peptides exert potent in vitro microbicidal activity against a broad spectrum of human pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus. Evidence suggests that tPMP-1 and HNP-1 target and disrupt the bacterial membrane. However, it is not yet clear whether membrane disruption itself is sufficient to kill the bacterium or whether subsequent, presumably intracellular, events are also involved in killing. We investigated the staphylocidal activities of tPMP-1 and HNP-1 in the presence or absence of pretreatment with antibiotics that differ in their mechanisms of action. The staphylocidal effects of tPMP-1 and HNP-1 on control cells (no antibiotic pretreatment) were rapid and concentration dependent. Pretreatment of S. aureus with either penicillin or vancomycin (bacterial cell wall synthesis inhibitors) significantly enhanced the anti-S. aureus effects of tPMP-1 compared with the effects against the respective control cells over the entire tPMP-1 concentration range tested (P < 0.05). Similarly, S. aureus cells pretreated with these antibiotics were more susceptible to HNP-1 than control cells, although the difference in the effects against cells that received penicillin pretreatment did not reach statistical significance (P < 0.05 for cells that received vancomycin pretreatment versus effects against control cells). Studies with isogenic pairs of strains with normal or deficient autolytic enzyme activities demonstrated that enhancement of S. aureus killing by cationic peptides and cell wall-active agents could not be ascribed to a predominant role of autolytic enzyme activation. Pretreatment of S. aureus cells with tetracycline, a 30S ribosomal subunit inhibitor, significantly decreased the staphylocidal effect of tPMP-1 over a wide peptide concentration range (0.16 to 1.25 microgram/ml) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, pretreatment with novobiocin (an inhibitor of bacterial DNA gyrase subunit B) and with azithromycin, quinupristin, or dalfopristin (50S ribosomal subunit protein synthesis inhibitors) essentially blocked the S. aureus killing resulting from exposure to tPMP-1 or HNP-1 at most concentrations compared with the effects against the respective control cells (P < 0.05 for a tPMP-1 concentration range of 0.31 to 1.25 microgram/ml and for an HNP-1 concentration range of 6.25 to 50 microgram/ml). These findings suggest that tPMP-1 and HNP-1 exert anti-S. aureus activities through mechanisms involving both the cell membrane and intracellular targets.
Mouse Homologue of a Novel Human Oncofetal Antigen, Glypican-3, Evokes T-Cell–Mediated Tumor Rejection without Autoimmune Reactions in Mice (2004)

We found the novel oncofetal protein GPC3 to be highly immunogenic in mice and elicited effective antitumor immunity with no evidence of autoimmunity. GPC3 is useful not only for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and melanoma but also for possible immunotherapy or prevention of these tumors.
Regional chemotherapy : theory and practice (2000)

1. Pharmacokinetic Basis of Regional Chemotherapy 2. Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy 3. Regional Chemotherapy for Colorectal Liver Metastases 4. Regional Chemotherapy for Malignant Melanoma 5. Regional Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Breast Cancer 6. Portal Vein Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Colorectal Liver Metastases 7. Cryotherapy
Localization of α2A- and α2B-Adrenergic Receptor Subtypes in Brain (1996)

Recent studies have shown that all three subtypes of alpha2-adrenergic receptor (alpha2-AR) are found in brain. The purpose of this study was to map the subtype localization of the alpha2A- and alpha2B-ARs in brain structures. RNase protection shows that both the alpha2A- and alpha2B-ARs are detectable in cortex, cerebellum, pons-medulla, and hypothalamus. We tested probes derived from the alpha2A- and alpha2B-AR cDNAs on cell lines that express each of the alpha2-AR subtypes to establish the subtype specificity of these probes for in situ hybridization. Then we used the alpha2A- and alpha2B-AR probes for in situ hybridization on sagittal and coronal sections of rat brain. Both alpha2A and alpha2B mRNA were detected throughout the brain. Overall, there appears to be a greater expression of message for alpha2A- than alpha2B-AR in most brain areas, with the exception of the thalamus. Developing these probes for in situ hybridization is an important step for further studies on the exact role of the alpha2-AR subtypes in neurons that modulate cardiovascular function.
Bypassing a Kinase Activity with an ATP-Competitive Drug (2003)

Unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum cause trans-autophosphorylation of the bifunctional transmembrane kinase Ire1, which induces its endoribonuclease activity. The endoribonuclease initiates nonconventional splicing of HAC1 messenger RNA to trigger the unfolded-protein response (UPR). We explored the role of Ire1's kinase domain by sensitizing it through site-directed mutagenesis to the ATP-competitive inhibitor 1NM-PP1. Paradoxically, rather than being inhibited by 1NM-PP1, drug-sensitized Ire1 mutants required 1NM-PP1 as a cofactor for activation. In the presence of 1NM-PP1, drug-sensitized Ire1 bypassed mutations that inactivate its kinase activity and induced a full UPR. Thus, rather than through phosphorylation per se, a conformational change in the kinase domain triggered by occupancy of the active site with a ligand leads to activation of all known downstream functions.
Estimating the population abundance of tissue-infiltrating immune and stromal cell populations using gene expression (2016)

We introduce the Microenvironment Cell Populations-counter (MCP-counter) method, which allows the robust quantification of the absolute abundance of eight immune and two stromal cell populations in heterogeneous tissues from transcriptomic data. We present in vitro mRNA mixture and ex vivo immunohistochemical data that quantitatively support the validity of our method's estimates. Additionally, we demonstrate that MCP-counter overcomes several limitations or weaknesses of previously proposed computational approaches. MCP-counter is applied to draw a global picture of immune infiltrates across human healthy tissues and non-hematopoietic human tumors and recapitulates microenvironment-based patient stratifications associated with overall survival in lung adenocarcinoma and colorectal and breast cancer.
Human TFIIH Kinase CDK7 Regulates Transcription-Associated Chromatin Modifications (2017)

CDK7 phosphorylates the RNA polymerase II (pol II) C-terminal domain CTD and activates the P-TEFb-associated kinase CDK9, but its regulatory roles remain obscure. Here, using human CDK7 analog-sensitive (CDK7as) cells, we observed reduced capping enzyme recruitment, increased pol II promoter-proximal pausing, and defective termination at gene 3' ends upon CDK7 inhibition. We also noted that CDK7 regulates chromatin modifications downstream of transcription start sites. H3K4me3 spreading was restricted at gene 5' ends and H3K36me3 was displaced toward gene 3' ends in CDK7as cells. Mass spectrometry identified factors that bound TFIIH-phosphorylated versus P-TEFb-phosphorylated CTD (versus unmodified); capping enzymes and H3K4 methyltransferase complexes, SETD1A/B, selectively bound phosphorylated CTD, and the H3K36 methyltransferase SETD2 specifically bound P-TEFb-phosphorylated CTD. Moreover, TFIIH-phosphorylated CTD stimulated SETD1A/B activity toward nucleosomes, revealing a mechanistic basis for CDK7 regulation of H3K4me3 spreading. Collectively, these results implicate a CDK7-dependent "CTD code" that regulates chromatin marks in addition to RNA processing and pol II pausing.
Chemical Nanopatterns via Nanoimprint Lithography for Simultaneous Control over Azimuthal and Polar Alignment of Liquid Crystals (2005)

Chemical nanopatterns down to 50 nm in feature size have been fabricated via nanoimprint lithography and used to simultaneously control azimuthal and polar orientation of liquid crystals (LCs). The polar orientation depends on the ratio of the homeotropic/planar surface potential areas, while the LC azimuthally orients along the direction of the silane patterns.
Incidence of diabetes in children (1995)

EDITOR,—Emma Wadsworth and colleagues report the incidence of insulin dependent diabetes in children under 5 years in the British Isles.1 Their data suggest that the incidence remained stable over four years. The use of “snapshot” years to address the question of potentially increasing incidence must have limited value, even over a large geographical area, when random variation substantially affects annual numbers.

The population based Yorkshire children's diabetes register includes 1650 children and for the years 1978-90 is 97% complete.2 …
New Sol-Gel Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared Spectroscopic Method for Analysis of Adsorption at Metal Oxide Surfaces in Aqueous Solutions. Chelation of TiO2, ZrO2, and Al2O3 Surfaces by Catechol, 8-Quinolinol, and Acetylacetone (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew Sol-Gel Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared Spectroscopic Method for Analysis of Adsorption at Metal Oxide Surfaces in Aqueous Solutions. Chelation of TiO2, ZrO2, and Al2O3 Surfaces by Catechol, 8-Quinolinol, and AcetylacetonePaul A. Connor, Kevin D. Dobson, and A. James McQuillanCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 11, 4193–4195Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00011a003https://doi.org/10.1021/la00011a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2086Altmetric-Citations177LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Asynchronous programming, analysis and testing with state machines (2015)

Programming efficient asynchronous systems is challenging because it can often be hard to express the design declaratively, or to defend against data races and interleaving-dependent assertion violations. Previous work has only addressed these challenges in isolation, by either designing a new declarative language, a new data race detection tool or a new testing technique. We present P#, a language for high-reliability asynchronous programming co-designed with a static data race analysis and systematic concurrency testing infrastructure. We describe our experience using P# to write several distributed protocols and port an industrial-scale system internal to Microsoft, showing that the combined techniques, by leveraging the design of P#, are effective in finding bugs.
Whole Blood Immunoassay Based on Centrifugal Bead Sedimentation (2011)

This portable microfluidic system is a promising method for rapid, inexpensive, and automated detection of multiple analytes directly from a drop of blood in a point-of-care setting.
Neutrophil adherence to human endothelium in vitro occurs by CDw18 (Mo1, MAC-1/LFA-1/GP 150,95) glycoprotein-dependent and -independent mechanisms. (1988)

Components of the CDw18 leukocyte surface glycoprotein complex (Mo1/LFA-1/GP 150,95 or MAC-1, LFA-1 family) are required for some adhesion-related functions of human neutrophils (PMNs). We evaluated the ability of monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) directed against specific determinants on the CDw18 glycoproteins to inhibit neutrophil adherence to cultured human endothelial cells (EC) stimulated by a variety of agonists, including thrombin and leukotriene C4, which induce the EC-dependent adhesion of PMNs. MoAb 60.3, an antibody that binds to an epitope common to the 3 heterodimer subunits of the neutrophil CDw18 complex, potently inhibited (90-100%) the rapid (5-30 minute) adherence response stimulated by N-formyl-methyionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, leukotriene B4, platelet-activating factor, phorbol myristate acetate, Ionophore A23187, and tumor necrosis factor. MoAbs directed against epitopes on the alpha polypeptide of the CD11b (Mol, MAC-1) heterodimer also inhibited PMN adherence to EC and to cell-free surfaces induced by these agonists. In contrast, the anti-CDw18 MoAbs had a trivial effect on maximal EC-dependent neutrophil adherence stimulated by thrombin and leukotriene C4, and incompletely inhibited PMN adherence induced by these agonists under submaximal conditions. These findings indicate that there is an alternative mechanism for neutrophil adherence, presumably resulting from molecular alterations of the EC surface, that does not require the PMN CDw18 glycoproteins. They also suggest that the inability to adhere to endothelium may not completely account for the defect in chemotaxis that is observed in vivo in neutrophils that are deficient in the CDw18 complex.
Characterization of CCL20 secretion by human epithelial vaginal cells: involvement in Langerhans cell precursor attraction (2005)

Mucosa represents the main site of pathogen/cell interactions. The two main types of cells forming the epithelial structure [epithelial cells and Langerhans cells (LC)] coordinate the first defense responses to avoid infection. To evaluate the involvement of epithelial cells in the early steps leading to a specific adaptive immune response, we have studied the interactions between vaginal epithelial and LC through the establishment of a human vaginal epithelial mucosa. We demonstrate that normal human vaginal epithelial cells constitutively secrete the chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein 3alpha/CC chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20), known to recruit LC precursors (LCps) selectively via its cognate CC chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6). This secretion is up-regulated by the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta through the nuclear factor-kappaB pathway. Similar results were obtained with the human vaginal epithelial cell line SiHa, which displays numerous homologies with normal vaginal cells. The chemotactic activity of the secreted CCL20 was demonstrated by its ability to attract LCp CCR6+. Moreover, the use of neutralizing polyclonal antibodies directed against the CCL20 molecule abolished this migration completely, suggesting that CCL20 is the main attracting factor for LCps, which is produced by the vaginal cells. These data indicate that vaginal epithelial cells play an important role in the immunological defense by attracting immune cells to the site of epithelial/pathogen contact.
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Associated with Clopidogrel (2000)

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura can occur after the initiation of clopidogrel therapy, often within the first two weeks of treatment. Physicians should be aware of the possibility of this syndrome when initiating clopidogrel treatment.
Analyzing the travel patterns of construction workers (2008)

This paper describes a new framework and its algorithms of using frequent positioning data to entitle rapid learning among construction site managers and workers for safety. If collected accurately and in real-time, the location, speed, and trajectory of construction resources (e.g., workers, equipment, materials) can lead to important information regarding travel patterns. This information can then be shared among project stakeholders to improve work practices, e.g. the preconditions for safe construction operations. Additionally, the overall analyses of travel patterns on construction sites can help in the process of allocating resources more effectively to overall increase productivity and safety. Tracking and analyzing the paths of construction resources has multiple applications in construction and is not limited to important tasks such as monitoring the idle time of machines to reduce inefficiencies, tracking the path and location of materials to reduce search times, or signalling hazardous zones to workers to improve work zone safety.