gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulated expression of cadherin-11 in human epithelial cells: A role for cadherin-11 in trophoblast-endometrium interactions? (1996)

Cadherin-11 is a novel member of the cadherin supergene family. Cadherin-11 expression is localized to mesenchymal tissue and specific regions of the neural tube during mouse embryogenesis. Here we report that cadherin-11 is spatiotemporally expressed in the epithelial cells of the human placenta. Cadherin-11 mRNA levels were low in freshly isolated cytotrophoblast cells but increased as the cytotrophoblast cells aggregated and fused to form syncytiotrophoblast cells in vitro. The increase in cadherin-11 mRNA levels was concomitant with a decrease in E-cadherin expression. Cadherin-11 was localized to the syncytial trophoblast and extravillous cytotrophoblasts, but not the villous cytotrophoblasts of the human placenta by immunohistochemistry. As both of the former cell types have intimate interactions with the endometrium, we examined cadherin-11 expression in the human endometrium. Cadherin-11 was detected in the glandular and surface epithelium of the endometrium at all stages of the menstrual cycle. However, cadherin-11 was abundant only in the stroma in the late secretory stage of the menstrual cycle. The accumulation of cadherin-11 in the stroma correlated with decidualization. Taken together, our observations demonstrate that cadherin-11 is expressed in certain epithelial cell lineages and suggest the possibility that cadherin-11 plays an important role in mediating trophoblast-endometrium interactions.
Continuously Infused Cyclosporine at Low Dose Is Sufficient to Avoid Emergency Colectomy in Acute Attacks of Ulcerative Colitis Without the Need for High-Dose Steroids (1993)

A dosage of 4 mg/kg/day intravenous cyclosporine as an adjunct to high-dosage hydrocortisone has been recommended to avoid colectomy in acute steroid-resistant ulcerative colitis. In treating eight such patients, four of whom presented with toxic megacolon, we immediately tapered the steroid dosage and infused a lower dosage of only 2 mg/kg cyclosporine for 15 days to fit a therapeutic range of 60-240 ng/ml, as previously designed for a kidney transplant program. Seven of the eight (87.5%), including three with megacolon, went into remission and started the chronic phase of treatment; the eighth patient underwent colectomy. Of the seven, one died on day 3 of the chronic phase because of pulmonary embolism while in clinical remission, and another discontinued treatment. The other five (62.5%) remain in remission on 6 mg/kg oral cyclosporine, or have already switched from cyclosporine to azathioprine. Two episodes of reversible nephrotoxicity appeared in the chronic phase only. These results emphasize the efficacy and safety of cyclosporine in acute ulcerative colitis, but there is still a need for further dose-response and drug association relationship studies.
Effect of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids on proliferation and differentiation of promyelocytic leukemic HL-60 cells (1994)

Promyelocytic leukemic HL-60 cells were incubated with different fatty acids. Arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4, n-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5, n-3) were the most potent inhibitors of proliferation in a dose-dependent way. Retinoic acid (RA) was used as a positive control. Inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase or addition of antioxidants did not influence the effect of EPA or AA on cell proliferation. Increased capacity to generate superoxide anions after phorbol ester treatment and a reduced serglycin messenger RNA level in cells treated with AA or EPA indicated that these fatty acids induced differentiation in HL-60 cells similar to that induced by RA. However, down-regulation of the c-myc mRNA level, also typical for differentiation with RA in HL-60 cells, was not observed in cells incubated with AA or EPA. Flow cytometric analyses showed that in cultures incubated with AA or EPA, the proportion of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle increased. Similar effects were observed with RA. By flow cytometry and light scatter analyses it could be shown that AA made 8% of the cells apoptotic and 7% necrotic. The corresponding numbers were 21% and 10% for RA-treated cells, and 19% and 32% for EPA-treated cells. The present study shows that AA and EPA reduce the proliferation rate of HL-60 cells. This is mediated by mechanisms independent of eicosanoids or lipid peroxidation products and is due to effects both on apoptosis/necrosis and cell differentiation.
NAD(P)H:menadione oxidoreductase. Novel purification of enzyme cDNA and complete amino acid sequence, and gene regulation. (1986)

NAD(P)H:menadione oxidoreductase induction by polycyclic hydrocarbons is known to be governed by the aromatic hydrocarbon-responsive (Ah) locus. This cytosolic enzyme was isolated from 3-methylcholanthrene-treated rat liver by a rapid two-step procedure with the use of affinity gel purification and fast-protein liquid chromatography. Polyclonal antiserum to menadione reductase was raised in rabbits. On Western (immuno) blot analysis, large increases in this hepatic menadione reductase protein (NMOR1) of 3-methylcholanthrene-treated C57BL/6N but not DBA/2N mice confirmed that induction of this enzyme by 3-methyl-cholanthrene is regulated by the Ah receptor. A cDNA expression library was constructed in lambda gt11 and screened with antiserum. Positive cDNA clones were plaque purified and further characterized by showing enhanced hybridization to 3-methylcholanthrene-induced poly(A+) RNA from rats; the longest cDNA clone (1,501 base pairs) has an open reading frame (bases 75-899) and a nucleotide sequence consistent with a new gene family. On Northern blot analysis, a single 3-methylcholanthrene-inducible rat liver mRNA (approximately 1.6 kilobases) hybridizes to the cDNA probe. On Southern blot analysis a total of 14-16 kilobases of rat genomic DNA fragments hybridize to the cDNA probe, indicating one or a small number of menadione reductase genes in this family. The amino acid sequence (274 residues) and Mr of 30,946 compare well with the size of the rat enzyme (32 kDa) estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The amino acid sequence of two internal fragments of the trypsin-digested purified NMOR1 protein is in complete agreement with that deduced from the cDNA nucleotide sequence. This study represents the first cloning and sequencing of a cDNA encoding a Phase II drug-metabolizing enzyme under control of the Ah locus.
Hypothermia in Acute Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis (1962)

The mortality in acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis remains high despite all therapeutic measures and much experimental work. Theoretically it would seem that any measure tending to suppress the activity of the pancreas would aid in the management of this disease. Wangensteen and his co-workers 1 used intragastric cooling to control massive upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding and noted that the gastric secretory activity was depressed. More recently, Nabseth 2 reported questionable benefits from the use of intragastric cooling in the management of acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis. It occurred to us that pancreatic activity might perhaps be effectively reduced by the induction of total body hypothermia. Accordingly, a laboratory experiment was undertaken. Although experimental pancreatitis in dogs may not be identical with the disease in man, the physiologic defects produced are identical, and treatment which helps one usually helps the other. Experimental Study Method Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis was surgically induced in 40 mongrel dogs
Inflammatory bio‐markers and cardiovascular risk prediction (2002)

Inflammatory processes are now recognized to play a central role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and its complications. Plasma levels of several markers of inflammation have been found to be associated with future cardiovascular risk in a variety of clinical settings. These markers include cell adhesion molecules, cytokines, pro-atherogenic enzymes and C-reactive protein (CRP). Initially thought of as an inactive downstream marker of the inflammatory cascade, emerging evidence suggests that CRP may be directly involved in atherogenesis, and that arterial plaque can produce CRP, independent of traditional hepatic pathways. In addition to being a strong predictor of future cardiovascular risk amongst patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes, numerous studies have found that baseline levels of CRP are associated with risk of future myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral vascular disease and cardiovascular death amongst apparently healthy populations. The combination of measurement of a marker of inflammation with lipid testing may improve upon risk stratification based on lipid testing alone, and intensification of programmes for exercise, weight loss, and smoking cessation is recommended for those with elevated CRP levels. Further trials are needed to confirm the potential benefits of statins amongst individuals with elevated CRP levels.
Analysis of DNA haplotypes suggests a genetic predisposition to trisomy 21 associated with DNA sequences on chromosome 21. (1985)

To test the hypothesis that there is a genetic predisposition to nondisjunction and trisomy 21 associated with DNA sequences on chromosome 21, we used DNA polymorphism haplotypes for chromosomes 21 to examine the distribution of different chromosomes 21 in Down syndrome and control families from the same ethnic group. The chromosomes 21 from 20 Greek families with a Down syndrome child and 27 control Greek families have been examined for DNA polymorphism haplotypes by using four common polymorphic sites adjacent to two closely linked single-copy DNA sequences (namely pW228C and pW236B), which map somewhere near the proximal long arm of chromosome 21. Three haplotypes, +, +---, and - with respective frequencies of 43/108, 24/108, and 23/108, account for the majority of chromosomes 21 in the control families. However, haplotype - was found to be much more commonly associated with chromosomes 21 that underwent nondisjunction in the Down syndrome families (frequency of 21/50; X2 for the two distributions is 9.550; P = 0.023; degrees of freedom, 3). The two populations (control and trisomic families) did not differ in the distribution of haplotypes for two DNA polymorphisms on chromosome 17. The data from this initial study suggest that the chromosome 21, which is marked in Greeks with haplotype - for the four above described polymorphic sites, is found more commonly in chromosomes that participate in nondisjunction than in controls. We propose an increased tendency for nondisjunction due to DNA sequences associated with a subset of chromosomes 21 bearing this haplotype.
Distribution of Mature Trophozoites and Schizonts of Plasmodium Falciparum in the Organs of Aotus Trivirgatus, the Night Monkey (1969)

"Distribution of Mature Trophozoites and Schizonts of Plasmodium Falciparum in the Organs of Aotus Trivirgatus, the Night Monkey" published on Nov 1969 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
Extended-range FMCW reflectometry using an optical loop with a frequency shifter (1996)

We propose a novel method to extend the measurement range of FMCW reflectometry. In this method, an optical loop with a frequency shifter (working frequency f/sub FS/Hz) is incorporated in the reference arm of the reflectometry. As a result, the interference signal corresponding to the reference beam that circulates N found in the loop appears around (N/spl times/f/sub FS/) Hz, which means that the signals from different measurement ranges can be detected in different frequency domains. Therefore, it is possible to extend the measurement range. In the experiment, the measurement range is extended from 15 m to 48 m.
Myogenesis in cultures of uniparental mouse embryonic stem cells: differing patterns of expression of myogenic regulatory factors (1997)

The expression of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) in cultures of androgenetic (AG) and parthenogenetic (PG) embryonic stem (ES) cells were analyzed to identify a role for imprinted genes in the myogenic program. The time course and levels of expression of myf5, myogenin, MyoD1 and myf6 were assessed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. A more rapid induction of myogenin expression was seen in AG ES cell cultures compared to control D3 ES cells, and myf6 was expressed by AG but not D3 cells. Persistence of myf5 and MyoD1 expression at late stages of AG cell culture suggests that proliferation and differentiation are maintained. Myogenic differentiation was delayed in PG ES cells, but abundant levels of myogenin and myf6transcripts were subsequently observed. Absence of myf5 expression and only low MyoD1 expression at later stages of culture demonstrate a decline in proliferation in PG cultures. Igf2 was induced to high levels in the late phase of both AG and D3 but not PG cell cultures, indicating paternal allele-specific expression. Igf2 expression correlated with expression of MRF genes associated with myoblast proliferation rather than terminal differentiation. H19 was expressed at very low levels in both AG and PG ES cell cultures. The delay in myogenesis in PG cultures suggests that imprinted genes other than Igf2 and H19 play a role at early stages of the myogenic program.
Site specificity of iron removal from transferrin by α‐ketohydroxypyridine chelators (1985)

The site specificity of the removal of iron from diferric human transferrin, at pH 7.4, by two alpha-ketohydroxypyridine chelators, 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one (L1) and mimosine, has been investigated using urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Chelator L1 removes iron preferentially from the C-terminal site whereas mimosine shows a small preference for iron in the N-terminal site. The removal of iron has also been followed spectrophotometrically and by monitoring the loss of 59Fe from [59Fe]transferrin. Both chelators are able to remove iron completely from diferric transferrin without additional mediators or reducing agents.
A Note on Expected Makespans for Largest-First Sequences of Independent Tasks on Two Processors (1984)

We consider the scheduling of sets of n simultaneously available tasks on two identical processors. The task execution times are assumed to be independent samples from the uniform distribution on [0, 1]. We analyze the expected makespan (schedule-length) performance of two well-known largest-task-first, nonpreemptive approximation rules. With the largest-first (LF) rule, tasks are assigned in nonincreasing order of execution time to the processors as they become available. With the restricted largest first (RLF) rule, tasks are assigned in pairs, one to a processor. The larger task of a pair is the first to be scheduled. (If n is odd, the last task is simply assigned to the earner finishing processor in the schedule for the first n − 1 tasks.) We prove that the expected makespan for LF is bounded by [Formula: see text] and for RLF it is precisely [Formula: see text] From these results simple bounds are derived on the ratio of the expected performance of LF and RLF to the expected performance of an optimization rule. Finally, a lower bound on expected LF makespans is shown to be [Formula: see text]
Isolation of a Rhizobium phaseoli cytochrome mutant with enhanced respiration and symbiotic nitrogen fixation (1989)

Cultured cells of a Rhizobium phaseoli wild-type strain (CE2) possess b-type and c-type cytochromes and two terminal oxidases: cytochromes o and aa3. Cytochrome aa3 was partially expressed when CE2 cells were grown on minimal medium, during symbiosis, and in well-aerated liquid cultures in a complex medium (PY2). Two cytochrome mutants of R. phaseoli were obtained and characterized. A Tn5-mob-induced mutant, CFN4201, expressed diminished amounts of b-type and c-type cytochromes, showed an enhanced expression of cytochrome oxidases, and had reduced levels of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine, succinate, and NADH oxidase activities. Nodules formed by this strain had no N2 fixation activity. The other mutant, CFN4205, which was isolated by nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis, had reduced levels of cytochrome o and higher succinate oxidase activity but similar NADH and N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine oxidase activities when compared with the wild-type strain. Strain CFN4205 expressed a fourfold-higher cytochrome aa3 content when cultured on minimal and complex media and had twofold-higher cytochrome aa3 levels during symbiosis when compared with the wild-type strain. Nodules formed by strain CFN4205 fixed 33% more N2 than did nodules formed by the wild-type strain, as judged by the total nitrogen content found in plants nodulated by these strains. Finally, low-temperature photodissociation spectra of whole cells from strains CE2 and CFN4205 reveal cytochromes o and aa3. Both cytochromes react with O2 at -180 degrees C to give a light-insensitive compound. These experiments identify cytochromes o and aa3 as functional terminal oxidases in R. phaseoli.
Where the rubber meets the hand: Unlocking the sensing potential of dielectric elastomers (2015)

Practice makes perfect to some extent. Research has shown that musicians who practice the piano for long periods of time can suffer a range of hand problems from loss of control to diminished speed. Now imagine a rubber keyboard that is springy, soft, and elastic. This is the new type of input device that dielectric elastomers (DE) can create. However their usage in large sensing systems is limited by a scalability challenge. Each DE sensor is married to a pair of connection cables and electronics, adding to the complexity of the background overheads. A new efficient multi-frequency method is presented that is capable of detecting internal pressure changes from a difference in the DE's capacitance without the need for any additional wires or connections. This effectively segments the DE into smaller sections, achieving information from a single sensor equivalent to multiple sensors. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 465–472
MRI in the diagnosis of MS (1988)

We compared the diagnostic capabilities of MRI to CT, evoked potentials (EP), and CSF oligoclonal banding analysis in a prospective evaluation of 200 patients with suspected multiple sclerosis (MS). MRI was the best method for demonstrating dissemination in space. An abnormal appropriate EP in monosymptomatic disease was usually supported by MRI and CSF analysis as being predictive of MS as a clinical diagnosis. A normal appropriate EP study was not satisfactory because MRI and CSF analysis often did not support a diagnosis of non-MS. When there is agreement between three of these paraclinical studies, the diagnosis of MS is probably unequivocal. For use in research studies, laboratory-supported definite MS (LSDMS) could be diagnosed in 85 patients of the total 200 (42.5%), in 19/38 (50%) of optic neuritis (ON) patients, and in 24/52 (46%) of chronic progressive myelopathy (CPM) patients. MRI was 100% successful in identifying patients who qualified for LSDMS in the ON and CPM groups. In a short follow-up (less than 1 year), 19/200 (10%) went on to develop clinically definite MS (CDMS), and MRI predicted that diagnosis in 18/19 (95%). Only long-term follow-up will show how well these studies and the category of LSDMS predict the development of CDMS. The clinical diagnosis of MS (CDMS), even though only 95% accurate, must remain the gold standard.
The Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) recognition site of platelet glycoprotein IIb- IIIa on nonactivated platelets is accessible to high-affinity macromolecules (1992)

We have characterized a murine IgG monoclonal antibody, OP-G2, specific for platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa (alpha IIb beta 3). OP-G2 Fab fragments inhibit fibrinogen-mediated platelet aggregation and competitively inhibit adenosine diphosphate-induced binding of 125I- fibrinogen to washed platelets. OP-G2 binding to GPIIb-IIIa is specifically inhibited by RGD-containing peptides but not the fibrinogen gamma-chain carboxy-terminal peptide, and OP-G2 Fab fragments, like RGD-containing peptides, alter the conformation of GPIIb-IIIa resulting in the expression of a ligand-induced binding site (LIBS) recognized by PMI-1. OP-G2 fails to bind to the recombinant Cam variant of GPIIb-IIIa (alpha III beta 3Cam) wherein an Asp119 to Tyr119 substitution in GPIIIa abrogates the ability to recognize RGD. These data indicate that OP-G2 recognizes an epitope at or in very close proximity to the RGD recognition site of GPIIb-IIIa and that, in every aspect tested, OP-G2 behaves like a macromolecular RGD ligand. Interestingly, two-color flow cytometry shows that OP-G2 IgG can bind to nonactivated platelets. Quantitative binding assays indicate that nonactivated platelets bind approximately 50,000 125I-OP-G2 molecules/platelet. Furthermore, the affinity of OP-G2 for platelets activated with thrombin is roughly fivefold higher (nonactivated, kd = 24.8 nmol/L; activated, kd = 4.9 nmol/L). These results suggest that the RGD recognition site of GPIIb-IIIa is available to macromolecules that contain RGD even on nonactivated platelets, provided that the affinity of the ligand is adequate.
Improving the fidelity of Thermus thermophilus DNA ligase (1996)

The DNA ligase from Thermus thermophilus (Tth DNA ligase) seals single-strand breaks (nicks) in DNA duplex substrates. The specificity and thermostability of this enzyme are exploited in the ligase chain reaction (LCR) and ligase detection reaction (LDR) to distinguish single base mutations associated with genetic diseases. Herein, we describe a quantitative assay using fluorescently labeled substrates to study the fidelity of Tth DNA ligase. The enzyme exhibits significantly greater discrimination against all single base mismatches on the 3'-side of the nick in comparison with those on the 5'-side of the nick. Among all 12 possible single base pair mismatches on the 3'-side of the nick, only T-G and G-T mismatches generated a quantifiable level of ligation products after 23 h incubation. The high fidelity of Tth DNA ligase can be improved further by introducing a mismatched base or a universal nucleoside analog at the third position of the discriminating oligonucleotide. Finally, two mutant Tth DNA ligases, K294R and K294P, were found to have increased fidelity using this assay.
Identification of Lactaldehyde Dehydrogenase in Methanocaldococcus jannaschii and Its Involvement in Production of Lactate for F 420 Biosynthesis (2006)

One of the early steps in the biosynthesis of coenzyme F(420) in Methanocaldococcus jannaschii requires generation of 2-phospho-L-lactate, which is formed by the phosphorylation of L-lactate. Preliminary studies had shown that L-lactate in M. jannaschii is not derived from pyruvate, and thus an alternate pathway(s) for its formation was examined. Here we report that L-lactate is formed by the NAD(+)-dependent oxidation of l-lactaldehyde by the MJ1411 gene product. The lactaldehyde, in turn, was found to be generated either by the NAD(P)H reduction of methylglyoxal or by the aldol cleavage of fuculose-1-phosphate by fuculose-1-phosphate aldolase, the MJ1418 gene product.
Race and Unequal Burden of Perioperative Pain and Opioid Related Adverse Effects in Children (2012)

After similar uses of intraoperative morphine for tonsillectomy, there was an unequal burden of increased pain in African American children and increased opioid adverse effects in Caucasian children in the recovery room. Though Caucasian children received relatively less opioids perioperatively, they had higher incidences of opioid related adverse effects than African American children.