gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluorescence Studies of Poly(p-phenyleneethynylene)s: The Effect of Anthracene Substitution (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorescence Studies of Poly(p-phenyleneethynylene)s: The Effect of Anthracene SubstitutionTimothy M. Swager, Caroline J. Gil, and Mark S. WrightonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 14, 4886–4893Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100014a003https://doi.org/10.1021/j100014a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2537Altmetric-Citations283LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Achromatic diffraction from polarization gratings with high efficiency (2008)

We demonstrate a broadband, thin-film, polarizing beam splitter based on an anisotropic diffraction grating composed of reactive mesogens (polymerizable liquid crystals). This achromatic polarization grating (PG) manifests high diffraction efficiency (approximately 100%) and high extinction ratio (> or = 1000:1) in both theory and experiment. We show an operational bandwidth Deltalambda/lambda0 approximately 56% (roughly spanning visible wavelength range) that represents more than a fourfold increase of bandwidth over conventional PGs (and significantly larger than any other grating). The diffraction angle and operational region (visible, near-infrared, midwave infrared, and ultraviolet wavelengths) may be easily tailored during fabrication. The essence of the achromatic design is a stack of two chiral PGs with an opposite twist sense and employs the principle of retardation compensation. We fully characterize its optical properties and derive the theoretical diffraction behavior.
Clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen after bone marrow transplantation: Role of adoptive immunity transfer (1997)

Adoptive immunity transfer has been reported to be effective in clearing chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Two hundred twenty-six patients who received allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) between May 1990 and September 1995 were screened for hepatitis B markers. Twenty-one patients were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive before BMT. The median follow-up period was 20 months (range, 2-59 months). Two of these patients had sustained clearance of HBV infection after transplantation. Both patients were hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative, hepatitis B e antibody (anti-HBe)-positive, and serum HBV DNA-negative (by dot-blot hybridization) before BMT. Both had a flare in the serum alanine transaminase (ALT) level around the time of HBsAg clearance. Sustained clearance of HBsAg was observed in 2 of the 5 patients who received hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs)-positive marrow but in none of the 16 patients who received anti-HBs-negative marrow (P < .05). One additional patient who received anti-HBs-positive marrow had transient HBsAg seroconversion. Among the 18 patients who remained persistently HBsAg-positive after BMT, 3 had HBeAg seroconversion and 3 had reversion to HBeAg positivity. In this study, we found a significant association between clearance of HBV infection and anti-HBs-positive bone marrow donors. Adoptive immunity transfer is effective in clearing HBV from patients with chronic HBV infection.
Effect of seeding rate on growth and nutrient accumulation of Chinese milk vetch (2011)

A field trial was conducted to study the effect of seeding rate on the growth,fresh yield and nutrient accumulation of Chinese milk vetch(Astragalus sinicus L.).The trial included 7 seeding rate treatments ranging from 7.5 to 52.5 kg·hm?2.The results showed that the number of emerged seedling increased with increasing seeding rate.However,number of branch and compound leaf,weight for per plant decreased with increasing seeding rate.Fresh yield also increased with increasing seeding rate.Significant differences were noted in fresh yield under seeding rate of 7.5～30.0 kg·hm?2.Once seeding rate above 30.0 kg·hm?2,however,no significant difference existed among the treatments.Seed yield initially increased with increasing seeding rate up to 15.0 kg·hm?2,and then decreased with increasing seeding rate.Seeding rate had no significant influence on nutrient content,but greatly influenced nutrient accumulation.The accumulation of C,N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn,Cu and Zn significantly increased with increasing seeding rate.It was therefore concluded that the most suitable seeding rate was 30.0 kg·hm?2 for green manure turnover,and 15.0 kg·hm?2 for seed production.
Inhibition of insulin secretion by interleukin‐1β and tumour necrosis factor‐α via an L‐arginine‐dependent nitric oxide generating mechanism (1990)

Inhibition of glucose-induced insulin secretion by interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), or IL-1 beta plus tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), was less marked when rat islets of Langerhans were cultured for 12 h with these cytokines in L-arginine-free medium as opposed to medium containing L-arginine (1 mM). Inhibition of secretion by IL-1 beta was further alleviated when islets were maintained in L-arginine-free medium supplemented with N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (NAME), while synergism between IL-1 beta plus TNF-alpha was completely abolished. Tissue culture medium nitrite levels were raised in islets treated with IL-1 beta or TNF-alpha (48 h). Cytokine-stimulated nitrite production was not observed in islets cultured with NAME (1 mM). In conclusion, an L-arginine-dependent nitric oxide generating mechanism is involved in the inhibition of insulin secretion by IL-1 beta, and accounts for the phenomenon of synergism between IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha.
Under the spotlight: mechanisms of photobiomodulation concentrating on blue and green light (2019)

Photobiomodulation (PBM) describes the application of light at wavelengths ranging from 400-1100 nm to promote tissue healing, reduce inflammation and promote analgesia. Traditionally, red and near-infra red (NIR) light have been used therapeutically, however recent studies indicate that other wavelengths within the visible spectrum could prove beneficial including blue and green light. This review aims to evaluate the literature surrounding the potential therapeutic effects of PBM with particular emphasis on the effects of blue and green light. In particular focus is on the possible primary and secondary molecular mechanisms of PBM and also evaluation of the potential effective parameters for application both in vitro and in vivo. Studies have reported that PBM affects an array of molecular targets, including chromophores such as signalling molecules containing flavins and porphyrins as well as components of the electron transport chain. However, secondary mechanisms tend to converge on pathways induced by increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Systematic evaluation of the literature indicated 72% of publications reported beneficial effects of blue light and 75% reported therapeutic effects of green light. However, of the publications evaluating the effects of green light, reporting of treatment parameters was uneven with 41% failing to report irradiance (mW cm<sup>-2</sup>) and 44% failing to report radiant exposure (J cm<sup>-2</sup>). This review highlights the potential of PBM to exert broad effects on a range of different chromophores within the body, dependent upon the wavelength of light applied. Emphasis still remains on the need to report exposure and treatment parameters, as this will enable direct comparison between different studies and hence enable the determination of the full potential of PBM.
Enhanced Glycosylation with Mutants of Endohexosaminidase A (Endo A) (2008)

The big make over: Replacement of the key Glu173 residue of Endo A by either glutamine or histidine produces mutant enzymes for which hydrolytic activity has either been eliminated, or significantly curtailed, yet which still effect transglycosylation of acceptor substrates by the use of oxazolines as glycosyl donors. The E173H histidine mutant was demonstrated to be more effective than wild-type Endo A for the production of a single homogenous glycoform of ribonuclease B (see scheme).
Early neurotoxic effects of inhalation exposure to aluminum and/or manganese assessed by serum levels of phospholipid-binding Clara cells protein (2008)

Little is known on the disturbances of lung epithelium function in aluminum casting smelters and shipyard welders exposed by inhalation to irritant occupational pollutants, dust and fumes. The exact mechanism of aluminum and manganese toxicity is not known, but it is thought that they may potentiate oxidative and inflammatory stress, leading to impaired neurological function. The aim of the study was to investigate the subclinical effects of aluminum and manganese exposure on the nervous system and to assess their relationship to the biomarkers of exposure and effect in workers exposed to neurotoxic fumes. The relationship between the neurological and respiratory effects was investigated in 50 workers at aluminum casting smelters exposed to x(GM) = 0.29 Al(2)O(3) mg m(-3), and 59 shipyard welders exposed to x(GM) = 0.16 Mn mg m(-3), and the reference group. Serum anti-inflammatory, phospholipid-binding Clara cell protein (CC16) as a peripheral marker of the bronchiolar epithelium function measured. The lowest CC16 concentrations were found in workers showing subjective CNS symptoms and abnormal neurophysiological findings: EEG and visual evoked potentials. A strong inverse relationship was found between serum Al (Al-S) and CC16 concentrations (p = 0.006). Younger smelter workers and welders, with a shorter exposure duration, presented a higher number of VEPs than the workers employed for a longer period of time. The sub-clinical neurological symptoms (VEP) and low CC16 level can be associated with an internalization of Al ions with lipid fractions of the lung epithelium, which in turn may help Al ions overcome the blood-brain barrier. The inhibited secretion of anti-inflammatory Clara cell protein and low respiratory performance in younger Mn welders was found to enhance subclinical neurotoxic symptoms, especially VEPs, related to exposure to airborne Mn and Mn-B.
Functional and structural analysis of the human SLO3 pH- and voltage-gated K + channel (2012)

The activation of eukaryotic SLO K(+) channels by intracellular cues, mediated by a cytoplasmic structure called the gating ring, is central to their physiological roles. SLO3 channels are exclusively expressed in mammalian sperm, where variations of intracellular pH are critical to cellular function. Previous studies primarily focused on the mouse SLO3 orthologue and revealed that, in murine sperm, SLO3 mediates a voltage- and alkalization-activated K(+) current essential to male fertility. Here we investigate the activation of the human SLO3 channel by intracellular pH at the functional and structural level. By using electrophysiology in a heterologous system, we show that human SLO3 opens upon intracellular pH increase and that its expression and functional properties are modulated by LRRC52, a testis-specific accessory subunit. We next present the crystal structure of the human SLO3 gating ring. Comparison with the known structures of the corresponding domain from SLO1, a Ca(2+)-activated homologue, suggests that the SLO3 gating ring structure may represent an open state. Together, these results present insights into the function of a protein expected to be critical for human reproduction and provide a framework to study the mechanism of pH gating in SLO3 channels.
Assessment of toxicity and biodistribution of recombinant AAV8 vector–mediated immunomodulatory gene therapy in mice with Pompe disease (2014)

A preclinical safety study was conducted to evaluate the short- and long-term toxicity of a recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 8 (AAV2/8) vector that has been developed as an immune-modulatory adjunctive therapy to recombinant human acid α-glucosidase (rhGAA, Myozyme) enzyme replacement treatment (ERT) for patients with Pompe disease (AAV2/8-LSPhGAApA). The AAV2/8-LSPhGAApA vector at 1.6 × 10(13) vector particles/kg, after intravenous injection, did not cause significant short- or long-term toxicity. Recruitment of CD4(+) (but not CD8(+)) lymphocytes to the liver was elevated in the vector-dosed male animals at study day (SD) 15, and in group 8 animals at SD 113, in comparison to their respective control animals. Administration of the vector, either prior to or after the one ERT injection, uniformly prevented the hypersensitivity induced by subsequent ERT in males, but not always in female animals. The vector genome was sustained in all tissues through 16-week postdosing, except for in blood with a similar tissue tropism between males and females. Administration of the vector alone, or combined with the ERT, was effective in producing significantly increased GAA activity and consequently decreased glycogen accumulation in multiple tissues, and the urine biomarker, Glc4, was significantly reduced. The efficacy of the vector (or with ERT) was better in males than in females, as demonstrated both by the number of tissues showing significantly effective responses and the extent of response in a given tissue. Given the lack of toxicity for AAV2/8LSPhGAApA, further consideration of clinical translation is warranted in Pompe disease.
Adenoviral gene transfer of PDGF downregulates gasgene product PDGFαR and prolongs ERK and Akt/PKB activation (2002)

The delivery of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) for tissue engineering of skin and periodontal wounds has become an active area of interest. However, little is known regarding the extended effects of PDGF on cell signaling via gene therapy and how such an approach facilitates the exiting of cells from growth arrest and entry to competence required for cell cycling. We show in vitro expression and secretion of PDGF-AA by recombinant adenovirus encoding the PDGF-A gene (Ad-PDGF-A). The bioactive PDGF-AA protein released induces sustained downregulation of PDGFalphaR that is encoded by a growth arrest-specific (gas) gene. Ad-PDGF-A induces sustained phosphorylation of PDGFalphaR as well as prolonged phosphorylation of downstream extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and Akt signaling pathways. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of PDGFalphaR is abolished by cotransducing cells with adenovirus encoding a dominant negative mutant of the PDGF-A gene that disrupts PDGF bioactivity. These findings demonstrate the prolonged effects of adenoviral delivery of PDGF and aid in the better understanding of sustained PDGF signaling.
Induction of nitric oxide release from the human alveolar epithelial cell line A549: an in vitro correlate of innate immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2004)

In view of the presence of a large number of epithelial cells in the alveoli of the lung and their ability to produce various cytokines and chemokines, the possible role of alveolar epithelial cells in the innate immune response to tuberculosis was examined. The human alveolar epithelial cell line A549 was used as a model. The ability of A549 cells to induce nitric oxide (NO) in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was taken as an in vitro correlate of innate immunity. M. tuberculosis infection induced A549 cells to produce significant levels of NO and to express inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA at 48 hr of infection. However, the amount of NO released at this point was not mycobactericidal. Cytokine stimulation (interferon-gamma, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, alone or in combination) of the infected A549 cells induced a higher concentration of NO. The study of colony-forming units (CFU) as a measure of the mycobactericidal capacity of A549 cells revealed a reduction in CFU of M. tuberculosis by 39.29% (from 10.62 +/- 0.48 - 6.392 +/- 0.54) following cytokine stimulation of the infected cells. Interestingly gamma-irradiated M. tuberculosis H37Rv could also induce higher than basal level of NO. Therefore we examined mycobacterial antigenic components for their possible role in NO production. We observed that A549 cells produced significantly higher amounts of NO at 48 hr when treated with mycobacterial whole cell lysates, cell wall or cell membrane preparations. The release of NO and the resultant mycobactericidal activity could be further enhanced by simultaneously conditioning the M. tuberculosis infected A549 cells with cytokine and mycobacterial components. These results suggest that alveolar epithelial cells respond to their microenvironment, which is constituted of various cytokines and macrophage-processed antigens and may contribute to the innate immune response to tuberculosis.
Generalized Assorted Camera Arrays: Robust Cross-Channel Registration and Applications (2014)

One popular technique for multimodal imaging is generalized assorted pixels (GAP), where an assorted pixel array on the image sensor allows for multimodal capture. Unfortunately, GAP is limited in its applicability because of the need for multimodal filters that are amenable with semiconductor fabrication processes and results in a fixed multimodal imaging configuration. In this paper, we advocate for generalized assorted camera (GAC) arrays for multimodal imaging--i.e., a camera array with filters of different characteristics placed in front of each camera aperture. The GAC provides us with three distinct advantages over GAP: ease of implementation, flexible application-dependent imaging since filters are external and can be changed and depth information that can be used for enabling novel applications (e.g., postcapture refocusing). The primary challenge in GAC arrays is that since the different modalities are obtained from different viewpoints, there is a need for accurate and efficient cross-channel registration. Traditional approaches such as sum-of-squared differences, sum-of-absolute differences, and mutual information all result in multimodal registration errors. Here, we propose a robust cross-channel matching cost function, based on aligning normalized gradients, which allows us to compute cross-channel subpixel correspondences for scenes exhibiting nontrivial geometry. We highlight the promise of GAC arrays with our cross-channel normalized gradient cost for several applications such as low-light imaging, postcapture refocusing, skin perfusion imaging using color + near infrared, and hyperspectral imaging.
Visualization of rod photoreceptor development using GFP‐transgenic zebrafish (2002)

Zebrafish retina contains five morphologically distinct classes of photoreceptors, each expressing a distinct type of opsin gene. Molecular mechanisms underlying specification of opsin expression and differentiation among the cell types are largely unknown. This is partly because mutants affected with expression of a particular class of opsin gene are difficult to find. In this study we established the transgenic lines of zebrafish carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene under the 1.1-kb and 3.7-kb upstream regions of the rod-opsin gene. In transgenic fish, GFP expression initiated and proceeded in the same spatiotemporal pattern with rod-opsin gene. The retinal section from adult transgenic fish showed GFP expression throughout the rod cell layer. These results indicate that the proximal 1.1-kb region is sufficient to drive gene expression in all rod photoreceptor cells. These transgenic fish should facilitate screening of mutants affected specifically with rod-opsin expression or rod cell development by visualization of rod cells by GFP.
Combination of Competitive Quantitative PCR and Constant-Denaturant Capillary Electrophoresis for High-Resolution Detection and Enumeration of Microbial Cells (2001)

A novel quantitative PCR (QPCR) approach, which combines competitive PCR with constant-denaturant capillary electrophoresis (CDCE), was adapted for enumerating microbial cells in environmental samples using the marine nanoflagellate Cafeteria roenbergensis as a model organism. Competitive PCR has been used successfully for quantification of DNA in environmental samples. However, this technique is labor intensive, and its accuracy is dependent on an internal competitor, which must possess the same amplification efficiency as the target yet can be easily discriminated from the target DNA. The use of CDCE circumvented these problems, as its high resolution permitted the use of an internal competitor which differed from the target DNA fragment by a single base and thus ensured that both sequences could be amplified with equal efficiency. The sensitivity of CDCE also enabled specific and precise detection of sequences over a broad range of concentrations. The combined competitive QPCR and CDCE approach accurately enumerated C. roenbergensis cells in eutrophic, coastal seawater at abundances ranging from approximately 10 to 10(4) cells x ml(-1). The QPCR cell estimates were confirmed by fluorescent in situ hybridization counts, but estimates of samples with <50 cells x ml(-1) by QPCR were less variable. This novel approach extends the usefulness of competitive QPCR by demonstrating its ability to reliably enumerate microorganisms at a range of environmentally relevant cell concentrations in complex aquatic samples.
Cytokine release syndrome (2018)

During the last decade the field of cancer immunotherapy has witnessed impressive progress. Highly effective immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibition, and T-cell engaging therapies like bispecific T-cell engaging (BiTE) single-chain antibody constructs and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have shown remarkable efficacy in clinical trials and some of these agents have already received regulatory approval. However, along with growing experience in the clinical application of these potent immunotherapeutic agents comes the increasing awareness of their inherent and potentially fatal adverse effects, most notably the cytokine release syndrome (CRS). This review provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms underlying CRS pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, differential diagnoses, and prognostic factors. In addition, based on the current evidence we give practical guidance to the management of the cytokine release syndrome.
Optimization of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Why optimize cardiac resynchronization therapy? Tools and endpoints for evaluation of optimization effect Role of atrioventricular optimization When should we optimize the atrioventricular delay? How to optimize the atrioventricular delay Role of interventricular optimization Conclusion References