gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aristoxenos, Περί βίων and Peripatetic Biography (2002)

Étude des élèments constitutifs du genre biographique et de ses liens avec Aristoxenos et les œuvres des péripatéticiens intitulées Vies (ou Types de vie ?). Nous concluons que la biographie était, pendant l’Antiquité, une vaste souscatégorie de l’historiographie et qu’elle pouvait alors couvrir tout récit de vie — celle d’un personage, d’une cité. d’une nation, de leurs origines à leur fin. La manière d’écrire une biographie, les éléments qui y figuraient ne préoccupaient pas les Anciens, pas plus qu’ils ne se souciaient de sa ressemblance avec d’autres formes d’historiographie. En fait, tout récit de vie pouvait figurer parmi cette vaste sous-catégorie de l’historiographie appelée Bioi. Par conséquent, une æuvre que les Modernes ne compteraient pas parmi les véritables biographies aurait été perçue comme telle par les lecteurs de l’Antiquité.
Phage Cocktails and the Future of Phage Therapy (2013)

Viruses of bacteria, known as bacteriophages or phages, were discovered nearly 100 years ago. Their potential as antibacterial agents was appreciated almost immediately, with the first 'phage therapy' trials predating Fleming's discovery of penicillin by approximately a decade. In this review, we consider phage therapy that can be used for treating bacterial infections in humans, domestic animals and even biocontrol in foods. Following an overview of the topic, we explore the common practice - both experimental and, in certain regions of the world, clinical - of mixing therapeutic phages into cocktails consisting of multiple virus types. We conclude with a discussion of the commercial and medical context of phage cocktails as therapeutic agents. In comparing off-the-shelf versus custom approaches, we consider the merits of a middle ground, which we deem 'modifiable'. Finally, we explore a regulatory framework for such an approach based on an influenza vaccine model.
A comparison of Artificial Intelligence techniques for spectral classification in the diagnosis of human pathologies based upon optical biopsy (2000)

In order to establish the benefits of tissue diagnosis based upon optical biopsy, some form of decision making process is required to determine the pathology. We have compared Neural Networks with Hierarchical clustering for the diagnosis of pathologies in the breast, upper GI and bladder.
Definition of the activities and properties of c-myc required to inhibit cell differentiation. (1990)

Previous studies have shown that high levels of c-myc inhibit cell differentiation. The goal of this study was to define the activities and properties of c-myc that are necessary and/or sufficient for this effect. A series of mutant human c-myc genes were stably transfected into the 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell line and assayed for their capacity to block differentiation into adipocytes. Results of the differentiation tests were then correlated with other known activities and properties of the mutants. Our studies show that the ability of c-myc to inhibit 3T3-L1 cell differentiation requires its transforming activity, and the ability of c-myc to bind sequence-nonspecific DNA and to form oligomers is not sufficient for this effect. Thus, the ability of c-myc to inhibit cell differentiation may be central to its role as a transforming oncogene.
Limb Salvage for Malignant Bone Tumors in Young Children (1994)

From March 1984 to April 1991, the Orthopaedics Department of the Clínica Universitaria de Navarra treated 47 cases of malignant bone tumors in young children by limb-salvage surgery. Mean follow-up time was 4.4 years. The histologic diagnoses were osteosarcoma (33 cases) and Ewing's sarcoma (14 cases). All patients were treated following the Cancer Protocol of the Clínica Universitaria de Navarra. We used allograft reconstruction in 26 patients, autograft reconstruction in seven, and nonbiologic material in seven other patients. Thirty-six of these patients are alive currently; 11 have died. The overall survival rate was 76.6%. Three patients suffered local recurrences, and seven developed metastatic disease. The most significant complications were infection in four cases, and osteosynthesis anchorage detachment in eight cases. We believe that with recent medical, surgical, and rehabilitative advances, limb-salvage surgery has surpassed amputation as the primary treatment for malignant bone tumors in young children.
Human Computer Interaction for Computer-Based Classroom Teaching (2011)

This chapter focuses on HCI aspects to overcome problems arising from technologies and applications that may hinder the normal teaching process in ICT-ready classrooms. It investigates different input devices on their usage and interactivity for classroom teaching and argues that pen-based computing is the mode of choice for lecturing in modern lecture halls. It also discusses the software design of the interface where digital ink, as a “first class” data type is used to communicate visual contents and interact with the ICT.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
LOW LEVEL LASER THERAPY IN HORSES (1989)

Nineteen horses mainly with chronic inflammation of tendon and/or ligament that had not responded well to conventional medicine and methodologies. were treated by contact or acupuncture technique using a gallium alluminium arsenide (Ga-Al-As) diode laser (10 mW. 790 nm) without medicament, The treatments were performed every day or every other week. for 20 to 40 s en the affected area or acupoints. Of 19 cases. 12 (63.2 per cent) were cured, five (26.3 per cent) were improved and two (10.5 per cent) were unchanged. It was concluded that clinical application of low-level laser therapy. such as contact and/or laser acupuncture technique. is non-invasive and not painful for animals and is effective in pa{n suppression and improvement of inflammatory reaction. especially in acute and mild cases.
Evaluation of the Effect of Different Fatty Acids on the Percutaneous Absorption of Metaproterenol Sulfate (1996)

The in vitro permeation rates of metaproterenol sulfate (MPS) across hairless mouse skin and TESTSKIN living skin equivalent were very low unless skin permeation enhancers were included in the vehicle. An optimum balance should be established between the chain length of the fatty acid and its molar ratio to MPS in order to enhance its penetration through the skin. Thus, the best flux values were shown by capric acid: MPS, 3:1 molar ratio, and lauric acid:MPS, 1:1 and 2:1 molar ratio, while myristic acid:MPS, 1:1 molar ratio, was the optimum under the experimental conditions used. The mechanism of the enhancing effect was examined by measuring 1H NMR spectra and the apparent partition coefficient of MPS, lauric acid, and the mixture. The apparent partition coefficient of MPS between n-octanol and water was higher for the mixture with lauric acid than for MPS alone. A 1:1 molar ratio formulation of MPS and lauric acid was selected for the in vivo permeation study. The data indicated that lauric acid increased the diffusivity of MPS in the skin by forming a complex and by affecting its partition coefficient between the skin and the delivery system.
The Mechanism of the Tyrosine Transporter TyrP Supports a Proton Motive Tyrosine Decarboxylation Pathway in Lactobacillus brevis (2006)

The tyrosine decarboxylase operon of Lactobacillus brevis IOEB9809 contains, adjacent to the tyrosine decarboxylase gene, a gene for TyrP, a putative tyrosine transporter. The two genes potentially form a proton motive tyrosine decarboxylation pathway. The putative tyrosine transporter gene of L. brevis was expressed in Lactococcus lactis and functionally characterized using right-side-out membranes. The transporter very efficiently catalyzes homologous tyrosine-tyrosine exchange and heterologous exchange between tyrosine and its decarboxylation product tyramine. Tyrosine-tyramine exchange was shown to be electrogenic. In addition to the exchange mode, the transporter catalyzes tyrosine uniport but at a much lower rate. Analysis of the substrate specificity of the transporter by use of a set of 19 different tyrosine substrate analogues showed that the main interactions between the protein and the substrates involve the amino group and the phenyl ring with the para hydroxyl group. The carboxylate group that is removed in the decarboxylation reaction does not seem to contribute to the affinity of the protein for the substrates significantly. The properties of the TyrP protein are those typical for precursor-product exchangers that operate in proton motive decarboxylation pathways. It is proposed that tyrosine decarboxylation in L. brevis results in proton motive force generation by an indirect proton pumping mechanism.
Expression of c-Fos and c-Jun in the cornea, lens, and retina after ultraviolet irradiation of the rat eye and effects of topical antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. (1995)

Thus, the rapid and sustained activation of c-Fos and c-Jun expression in the eye after single ultraviolet exposure may represent the molecular mechanism underlying ultraviolet induced photodamage and initiation of cell death. Furthermore, topical application of a c-fos antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to the ultraviolet exposed rat eye inhibited the increase in c-Fos expression in the cornea, suggesting therapeutic activity of antisense drugs in corneal malignant and infectious diseases.
Chondroitinase ABC promotes compensatory sprouting of the intact corticospinal tract and recovery of forelimb function following unilateral pyramidotomy in adult mice (2012)

Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are extracellular matrix molecules whose inhibitory activity is attenuated by the enzyme chondroitinase ABC (ChABC). Here we assess whether CSPG degradation can promote compensatory sprouting of the intact corticospinal tract (CST) following unilateral injury and restore function to the denervated forelimb. Adult C57BL/6 mice underwent unilateral pyramidotomy and treatment with either ChABC or a vehicle control. Significant impairments in forepaw symmetry were observed following pyramidotomy, with injured mice preferentially using their intact paw during spontaneous vertical exploration of a cylinder. No recovery on this task was observed in vehicle-treated mice. However, ChABC-treated mice showed a marked recovery of function, with forelimb symmetry fully restored by 5 weeks post-injury. Functional recovery was associated with robust sprouting of the uninjured CST, with numerous axons observed crossing the midline in the brainstem and spinal cord and terminating in denervated grey matter. CST fibres in the denervated side of the spinal cord following ChABC treatment were closely associated with the synaptic marker vGlut1. Immunohistochemical assessment of chondroitin-4-sulphate revealed that CSPGs were heavily digested around lamina X, alongside midline crossing axons and in grey matter regions where sprouting axons and reduced peri-neuronal net staining was observed. Thus, we demonstrate that CSPG degradation promotes midline crossing and reinnervation of denervated target regions by intact CST axons and leads to restored function in the denervated forepaw. Enhancing compensatory sprouting using ChABC provides a route to restore function that could be applied to disorders such as spinal cord injury and stroke.
Characterization of Cord Blood Stem/Progenitor Cells (High Proliferative Potential Colony-Forming Cells) (1993)

A population of very primitive cells has been purified from umbilical-cord blood. These primitive cells appear to be the equivalent of murine, high-proliferative potential, colony-forming cells (HPP-CFC). This analogy is based on the size of the colonies (1 to > 2.5 mm in diameter) and the replating potential of up to the fifth generation of individual colonies. At a single-cell level and in the presence of serum, increasing numbers of cytokines resulted in increasing numbers of HPP-CFC colonies. No HPP-CFC colonies were detected in the absence of serum, suggesting that additional cytokines are required for formation of these high-proliferative potential colonies.
Zinc Requirement for Stomatal Opening in Cauliflower (1995)

Zn deficiency induced increases in epicuticular wax deposits, lamina thickness, degree of succulence, water saturation deficit, diffusive resistance, and proline accumulation and decreases in carbonic anhydrase activity, water potential, stomatal aperture, and transpiration in the leaves of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var botrytis cv Pusa) plants. Restoration of Zn supply to the deficient plants increased stomatal aperture, transpiration, and carbonic anhydrase activity significantly within 2 h. However, leaf water potential in the Zn-deficient plants did not recover within 24 h after resupply of Zn. The guard cells in epidermal peels from the Zn-deficient leaves had less K+ than those from the controls. Stomatal aperture in the epidermal peels from Zn-deficient leaves was 64% less than in the controls when the epidermal strips were floated on 125 mM KCl. Supplementing the ambient medium 25 mM KCl with ZnCl2 enhanced stomatal aperture in both control and Zn-deficient peels, and the effect was significant in the latter. The observations indicate involvement of Zn in stomatal opening, possibly as a constituent of carbonic anhydrase needed for maintaining adequate [HCO3-] in the guard cells, and also as a factor affecting K+ uptake by the guard cells.
Detection of self intersection in synthetic hand pose generators (2017)

Synthetic hand pose data has been frequently used in vision based hand gesture recognition. However existing synthetic hand pose generators are not able to detect intersection between various hand parts and can synthesize self intersecting poses. Using such data may lead to learning wrong models. We propose a method to eliminate self intersecting synthetic hand poses by accurately detecting intersections between various hand parts. We model each hand part as a convex hull and calculate pairwise distance between the parts, labeling any pair with a negative distance as intersecting. A hand pose with at least one pair of intersecting parts is labeled as self intersecting. We show experimentally that our method is very accurate and performs better than existing techniques. We also show that it is fast enough for offline data generation.
The opioid receptor pharmacology of GSK1521498 compared to other ligands with differential effects on compulsive reward-related behaviours (2014)

Differences between GSK1521498 and naltrexone in their effects on compulsive reward seeking are arguably linked to the more selective and complete MOPr antagonism of GSK1521498 versus the partial MOPr agonism of naltrexone. GSK1521498 is also pharmacologically differentiated by its inverse agonist efficacy at high levels of MOPr expression, but this may be less likely to contribute to behavioural differentiation at patho-physiological levels of expression.
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (2009)

In LADA, diabetes occurs earlier in the beta-cell-destructive process because of the greater insulin resistance. Complexities arise also because of variable definitions of LADA and type 1 diabetes in adults. As immunomodulatory therapies that slow or halt the type 1 diabetes disease process are discovered, testing these therapies in LADA will be essential.
Contextual EFL learning in a 3D virtual environment (2015)

The purposes of the current study are to develop virtually immersive EFL learning contexts for EFL learners in Taiwan to pre-and review English materials beyond the regular English class schedule.A 2-iteration action research lasting for one semester was conducted to evaluate the effects of virtual contexts on learners' EFL learning.132 elementary school students participated in this study.Both qualitative and quantitative data, including observation and English learning performances, were collected and analyzed.The positive results obtained from the study approved that the usage of virtual contexts in EFL learning could (1) provide students with learning opportunities without the time and space limits, (2) provide students with a game-liked scenario for English learning, and (3) enhance learners' EFL performances.The learning mode proposed and experiences gained in the current study not only serve as a practical reference to diverse foreign language educational occasions but also add to the knowledge pool of foreign language learning and teaching in virtual worlds.
Nerve Growth Factor Promotes Regeneration of Sensory Axons into Adult Rat Spinal Cord (1996)

Injured adult mammalian axons are unable to regenerate spontaneously in the central nervous tissue. This study investigated in two adult rat models the effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) on the capacity of central primary sensory axons to regenerate back into the spinal cord. Sensory fibers were conditioned by transection of the peripheral nerve 1 week prior to the experiment and identified by anterograde tracing with cholera toxin B subunit injected in the sciatic nerve. In the first model, a predegenerated autologous peripheral nerve graft was implanted as a bridge for the transected sensory fibers into a resection gap in the dorsal columns at the tenth thoracic (T10) spinal cord segment. Vehicle or vehicle with purified mouse or recombinant human NGF was continuously infused for 2 weeks directly into the dorsal column at T9, 3 mm from the rostral border of the nerve graft. With vehicle infusion many ascending sensory axons had grown across the nerve bridge, but essentially none had grown back into the rostral cord. In sharp contrast, NGF promoted the reentry into the denervated dorsal columns of 51% of the sensory axons that had reached the rostral level of the nerve graft. Twenty-six percent had grown 2 mm into the spinal tissue and 10% had reached the NGF-infusion site at 3 mm from the nerve graft. A few fibers were found circling around, but not beyond, the infusion site, perhaps due to the chemoattractant action of NGF. In a second model, the fourth lumbar (L4) dorsal root was crushed 2 mm from its insertion point into the spinal cord and the dorsal roots L2, L3, L5, and L6 were transected. Vehicle or vehicle with purified mouse NGF was infused for 2 weeks directly into the lumbar spinal cord, 2.5 mm rostral to the transition zone of the crushed L4 root. With vehicle, only 6% of the regenerating fibers at the transition zone had crossed the root-spinal cord barrier, but not farther than 0.5 mm into the spinal tissue. With NGF, 18% of the fibers at the transition zone were found at 0.5 mm, 9% at 1.5 mm, and 5% at 2.5 mm (the infusion site) from the transition zone. The present results demonstrate that NGF can promote the regeneration of adult sensory fibers into the otherwise nonpermissive spinal cord white matter.
Isolation of viable intestinal epithelial cells and their use for in vitro toxicity studies. (1992)

The application of the collagenase portal vein perfusion technique for the isolation of intestinal cells resulted in the preparation of highly viable enterocytes. Cell viability was found to be greater than 90% as tested by LDH release and Trypan blue exclusion techniques. According to the results of marker enzyme determinations, collected cells were mostly of matured villus type, characterized by high disaccharidase and very low thymidine kinase activity. In vitro treatment of the isolated cells with the anticancer agent cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) caused decrease of the metabolic processes, i.e. glucose oxidation and protein synthesis, demonstrating that beyond the production of DNA-crosslinks other mechanisms may play a role in the cytotoxic effect of the drug. It should be stressed, however, that prolonged incubation of the cell suspension over 30 min at physiological temperature may itself lead to gradual decrease of the viability and to disturbance of the metabolic activity of the cells.
Beta-type transforming growth factor specifies organizational behavior in vascular smooth muscle cell cultures. (1987)

In culture, vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) grow in a "hill-and-valley" (multilayered) pattern of organization. We have studied the growth, behavioral organization, and biosynthetic phenotype of rat aortic SMC exposed to purified platelet-derived growth regulatory molecules. We show that multilayered growth is not a constitutive feature of cultured SMC, and that beta-type transforming growth factor (TGF-beta) is the primary determinant of multilayered growth and the hill-and-valley pattern of organization diagnostic for SMC in culture. TGF-beta inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, the serum- or platelet-derived growth factor-mediated proliferation of these cells in two-dimensional culture, but only when cells were plated at subconfluent densities. The ability of TGF-beta to inhibit SMC growth was inversely correlated to plating cell density. When SMC were plated at monolayer density (5 X 10(4) cells/cm2) to allow maximal cell-to-cell contact, TGF-beta potentiated cell growth. This differential response of SMC to TGF-beta may contribute to the hill-and-valley pattern of organization. Unlike its effect on other cell types, TGF-beta did not enhance the synthesis of fibronectin or its incorporation into the extracellular matrix. However, the synthesis of a number of other secreted proteins was altered by TGF-beta treatment. SMC treated with TGF-beta for 4 or 8 h secreted markedly enhanced amounts of an Mr 38,000-D protein doublet whose synthesis is known to be increased by heparin (another inhibitor of SMC growth), suggesting metabolic similarities between heparin- and TGF-beta-mediated SMC growth inhibition. The data suggest that TGF-beta may play an important and complex regulatory role in SMC proliferation and organization during development and after vascular injury.
The 40- and 90-kDa membrane proteins (ORF6 gene product) ofMycoplasma pneumoniaeare responsible for the tip structure formation and P1 (adhesin) association with the Triton shell (1999)

After Triton X-100 treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae cells, a portion of the adhesin P1 (transmembrane protein) proved to remain tightly associated with the Triton insoluble material (Triton shell) as shown previously by several authors. However, the spontaneous loss of two cytadherence-associated membrane proteins of 90 and 40 kDa (gene product of the open reading frame 6 of the P1 operon) in a hemadsorption-negative mutant, designated M5, resulted in a 100% release of the P1 protein into the Triton phase and in the lack of the characteristic tip-like attachment organelle of M. pneumoniae indicating an essential role of the open reading frame 6 gene product in tip structure formation.