gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Posttranslationale Proteinmodifikation: die Chemie der Proteomdiversifizierung (2005)

Abstract Die Vielfalt an kovalenten Proteinvarianten (das Proteom) übersteigt bei weitem die Zahl an Proteinen, die sich aus der Codierkapazität der DNA ableitet. Ursache für diese Diversität sind gerichtete posttranslationale Modifikationen. Unter den Enzymen, die solche Modifikationen ausführen, finden sich etwa 500 humane Proteinkinasen, 150 Proteinphosphatasen und 500 Proteasen. Die Hauptarten der kovalenten Proteinmodifikationen – Phosphorylierung, Acetylierung, Glycosylierung, Methylierung und Ubiquitinierung – können nach der modifizierten Aminosäureseitenkette, dem modifizierenden Enzym und dem Grad an Reversibilität klassifiziert werden. Auch chemische Ereignisse wie das Proteinspleißen, die Reifung des grünen Fluoreszenzproteins und die Selbstaktivierung des Proteasoms zählen zu den posttranslationalen Modifikationen. Ein gründliches Verständnis von Umfang und Muster der posttranslationalen Modifikationen vermittelt Einblicke in die Funktion und Dynamik eukaryotischer Proteomzusammensetzungen.
Circulating antibodies to p40AIS in the sera of respiratory tract cancer patients (2000)

Studies of immune recognition in cancer have defined several tumor antigens using autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes and by detection of serum antibodies to tumor-associated products such as p53 and HER-2/neu. The AIS gene is a p53 homologue with multiple protein products (p40, p51, p63, p73L) on chromosomal arm 3q, frequently amplified and over-expressed in squamous-cell carcinoma of the respiratory tract. We analyzed the humoral response to p40(AIS) (a core domain of AIS products without the transactivation domain) by Western blot and ELISA using bacterially synthesized p40(AIS) protein. Antibodies were detected in the sera of 17/94 (18%) HNSCCs and 13/76 (17%) lung cancers, including 5/18 (26%) squamous-cell carcinomas. Anti-p40(AIS) antibodies were not associated with factors such as sex, age, histopathological grading, extent or size of primary tumor, lymph node involvement and staging. Our results indicate that amplification and over-expression of p40(AIS) may lead to antigen recognition by an autologous host with cancer. AIS may thus represent a new group of developmentally regulated genes that are recognized as tumor antigens.
Second-harmonic interferometers (1980)

Experiments on interferometers based on the second-harmonic generation of light from phase-matched crystals are described. This technique has potential applications for transmission tests of semiconductors and for contouring the surface of a three-dimensional object with fringes corresponding to wavelengths much larger than that of visible light.
Luftschadstoffe und Häuf igkeit von Karzinomen der oberen Luftwege in der Ostslowakei (1994)

Von den acht am meisten von der Unweltverschmutzung bedrohten Gebieten in der Slowakei befmden sich vier in der Ostslowakei: Košice, Zentrum der Zipser Region, Nordteil der Zempliner Region sowie Jelsava und Lubeník. Es wurde der Verschmutzungsgrad durch Schwefeldioxid, staubförmige Aerosole und Stickstoffdioxyd gemessen. Gleichzeitig wurde die Inzidenz bösartiger Geschwülste in den einzelnen Gegenden der ostslowakischen Region ermittelt. Das Vorkommen sämtlicher bösartigen Geschwülste in den verschmutzten Gebieten bestätigt die Annahme der primären Signifikanz äusserer Umwelteinflüsse. Was die otolaryngologischen Geschwülste angeht, scheinen hier die Faktoren des Lebensstils, wie Rauchen, Alkohol und Nahrung, die entscheidende Rolle zu spielen. Dazu kommen noch die Faktoren der Unweltverschmutzung, die dann in Wechselwirkung treten und mit verschiedener Intensität potentiell gegeneinander spielen.
(R)-α-Lipoic Acid Protects Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells from Oxidative Damage (2005)

The present study suggests that the protective effect of LA involves multiple pathways and that LA could be effective against age-associated increase in oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in RPE cells.
A Versatile Method To Prepare RAFT Agent Anchored Substrates and the Preparation of PMMA Grafted Nanoparticles (2006)

Well-defined polymer brushes grafted onto silica nanoparticles were prepared by reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT). A versatile RAFT agent, 4-cyanopentanoic acid dithiobenzoate (CPDB), was attached to amino-functionalized colloidal silica nanoparticles by direct condensation of the mercaptothiazoline-activated CPDB with the surface amino groups. RAFT polymerizations were then conducted from the particle surface to graft polymer brushes to the particles. The kinetics of methyl methacrylate and styrene surface RAFT polymerizations were investigated and compared with model polymerizations mediated by free CPDB. The MMA surface graft polymerization was more controlled than the solution polymerization mediated by free RAFT agent, indicated by the faster polymerization rate and narrower polydispersity. High-performance liquid chromatography techniques were used to quantitatively estimate the amount of ungrafted free polymer which was minimal compared with the grafted polymer.
Crystal structures of the Klenow fragment of Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase I complexed with deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (1998)

The crystal structures of the Klenow fragment of the Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase I (Klentaq1) complexed with four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTP) have been determined to 2.5 A resolution. The dNTPs bind adjacent to the O helix of Klentaq1. The triphosphate moieties are at nearly identical positions in all four complexes and are anchored by three positively charged residues, Arg659, Lys663, and Arg587, and by two polar residues, His639 and Gln613. The configuration of the base moieties in the Klentaq1/dNTP complexes demonstrates variability suggesting that dNTP binding is primarily determined by recognition and binding of the phosphate moiety. However, when superimposed on the Taq polymerase/blunt end DNA complex structure (Eom et al., 1996), two of the dNTP/Klentaq1 structures demonstrate appropriate stacking of the nucleotide base with the 3' end of the DNA primer strand, suggesting that at least in these two binary complexes, the observed dNTP conformations are functionally relevant.
Coming to America — International Medical Graduates in the United States (2004)

They can't believe that I round at 6:30 a.m., that I am available to my patients 24 hours a day, or that I don't get paid overtime for long hours. My medical school classmates who continue to work in Ireland live a different life from mine — one that I have left behind.But I am not alone. International medical graduates account for a quarter of the 853,187 physicians in the United States,1 an increase of 160 percent since 1975. Immigrant physicians also account for 27 percent of the country's 96,937 residents and fellows,1 having migrated in search of training . . .
Metal-Free “Click” Chemistry: Efficient Polymer Modification via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Nitrile Oxides and Alkynes (2009)

S.5411-5413
Analyzing soft errors in leakage optimized SRAM design (2003)

Reducing leakage power and improving the reliability of data stored in the memory cells are both becoming challenging as technology scales down. While the smaller threshold voltages cause increased leakage, smaller supply voltages and node capacitances can be a problem for soft errors. This work compares the soft error rates of some recently proposed SRAM leakage optimization approaches. Our results using designs in 70 nm technology show that many of these approaches may increase the soft error rates as compared to a standard 6T SRAM. Further, we demonstrate that there is a tradeoff between optimizing the leakage power and improving the immunity to soft error.
Comparison of rofecoxib and a multidose oxycodone/acetaminophen regimen for the treatment of acute pain following oral surgery: a randomized controlled trial (2004)

Patients treated with a single dose of rofecoxib 50 mg achieved an overall analgesic effect at least as effective as patients treated with a single-dose of oxycodone/acetaminophen 10/650 mg over 6 h and multidose oxycodone/acetaminophen over 24 h, with fewer adverse experiences of nausea (p < 0.001), vomiting (p < 0.01), and dizziness (p < 0.001).
Intensification of sorption processes (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntensification of sorption processesPhillip C. WankatCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1987, 26, 8, 1579–1585Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00068a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00068a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views145Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Substantial changes in the characteristics of a microwave plasma due to combining argon and hydrogen (2002)

Upon the addition of 5% argon to a hydrogen plasma, the Lyman α emission was observed to increase by about an order of magnitude, whereas xenon control had no effect. With a microwave input power of 40 W, the gas temperature of an argon plasma increased from 400 to over 750 °C with the addition of 3% flowing hydrogen, whereas the 400 °C temperature of a xenon plasma run under identical conditions was essentially unchanged with the addition of hydrogen. The average hydrogen-atom temperature of the argon-hydrogen plasma was measured to be 110-130 eV versus ≈3 eV for pure hydrogen or xenon-hydrogen. Mechanisms such as Stark broadening or acceleration of charged species due to high fields (e.g. over 10 kV cm-1) cannot be invoked to explain the results with argon since the electron density was low and no high field was observationally present. The electron temperature Te for the argon-hydrogen and xenon-hydrogen plasmas was 11 600±5% and 6500±5% K, respectively, compared to 4800±5% and 4980±5% K for argon and xenon alone, respectively. The observation of higher temperatures corresponding to three possibly independent plasma parameters for only argon with hydrogen may be explained by the release of energy from atomic hydrogen by a resonant nonradiative energy-transfer mechanism.
Nutritional Cues ControlPseudomonas aeruginosaMulticellular Behavior in Cystic Fibrosis Sputum (2007)

The sputum (mucus) layer of the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung is a complex substrate that provides Pseudomonas aeruginosa with carbon and energy to support high-density growth during chronic colonization. Unfortunately, the CF lung sputum layer has been difficult to mimic in animal models of CF disease, and mechanistic studies of P. aeruginosa physiology during growth in CF sputum are hampered by its complexity. In this study, we performed chromatographic and enzymatic analyses of CF sputum to develop a defined, synthetic CF sputum medium (SCFM) that mimics the nutritional composition of CF sputum. Importantly, P. aeruginosa displays similar phenotypes during growth in CF sputum and in SCFM, including similar growth rates, gene expression profiles, carbon substrate preferences, and cell-cell signaling profiles. Using SCFM, we provide evidence that aromatic amino acids serve as nutritional cues that influence cell-cell signaling and antimicrobial activity of P. aeruginosa during growth in CF sputum.
Photochemical Transfection: A New Technology for Light-Induced, Site-Directed Gene Delivery (2000)

The development of methods for specific delivery of therapeutic genes into target tissues is an important issue for the further progress of in vivo gene therapy. In this article we report on a novel technology, named photochemical transfection, to use light to direct a precise delivery of therapeutic genes to a desired location. The technology makes use of photosensitizing compounds that localize mainly in the membranes of endosomes and lysosomes. On illumination these membrane structures will be destroyed, releasing endocytosed DNA into the cell cytosol. Using a green fluorescent protein gene as a model we show that illumination of photosensitizer-treated cells induces a substantial increase in the efficiency of transfection by DNA-poly-L-lysine complexes. Thus, in a human melanoma cell line the light treatment can increase the transfection efficiency more than 20-fold, reaching transfection levels of about 50% of the surviving cells. In this article various parameters of importance for the use of this technology are examined, and the potential use of the technology in gene therapy is discussed.
Serpin Inhibition Mechanism: A Delicate Balance between Native Metastable State and Polymerization (2011)

The serpins (serine proteinase inhibitors) are structurally similar but functionally diverse proteins that fold into a conserved structure and employ a unique suicide substrate-like inhibitory mechanism. Serpins play absolutely critical role in the control of proteases involved in the inflammatory, complement, coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways and are associated with many conformational diseases. Serpin's native state is a metastable state which transforms to a more stable state during its inhibitory mechanism. Serpin in the native form is in the stressed (S) conformation that undergoes a transition to a relaxed (R) conformation for the protease inhibition. During this transition the region called as reactive center loop which interacts with target proteases, inserts itself into the center of β-sheet A to form an extra strand. Serpin is delicately balanced to perform its function with many critical residues involved in maintaining metastability. However due to its typical mechanism of inhibition, naturally occurring serpin variants produces conformational instability that allows insertion of RCL of one molecule into the β-sheet A of another to form a loop-sheet linkage leading to its polymerization and aggregation. Thus understanding the molecular basis and amino acid involved in serpin polymerization mechanism is critical to devising strategies for its cure.
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced cutaneous necrosis is mediated by TNF receptor 1. (1997)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a central mediator of immune and inflammatory responses. Its activities have been shown to be mediated by two distinct receptors, TNFR1 (p55) and TNFR2 (p75). The cytoplasmic domains of both TNF receptors are unrelated, suggesting that they link to different intracellular signaling pathways. To determine their role in vivo in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and TNF-induced skin inflammatory necrosis, TNFR1-, TNFR2-, and TNF lymphotoxin-alpha (LT alpha)-deficient mice were used. Skin abscesses were experimentally induced with local application of TNF or LPS. Large macroscopic ulcerations were observed in TNF-injected wild-type animals and to a slightly lesser extent in TNFR2-deficient mice with tissue destruction in both cases extending deep into the dermis. Tissue destruction was accompanied by an intense immune infiltrate composed mainly of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages. TNFR1-deficient and TNFR1/TNFR2-double-deficient mice, however, did not exhibit any ulceration and showed only a very mild inflammatory infiltrate. In TNF/LT alpha-double ligand0-deficient animals, a moderate epidermal necrosis was observed with a reduced inflammatory infiltrate compared to wild-type animals. As with TNF injections, subcutaneous injection of LPS induced a comparable pattern of skin necrosis in wild-type and TNF receptor mutant mice, yet a slightly more acute inflammatory level was observed regardless of the type of animal tested. As found for TNF-induced skin necrosis, the extent of LPS-induced skin necrosis was reduced in TNF/LT alpha-deficient mice compared to wild-type animals. The present data strongly suggest that TNFR1, rather than TNFR2, is engaged in LPS- and TNF-induced skin necrosis and highlight the predominant role played by TNF in LPS-induced inflammatory diseases.
An Ultrasonic Contactless Sensor for Breathing Monitoring (2014)

The monitoring of human breathing activity during a long period has multiple fundamental applications in medicine. In breathing sleep disorders such as apnea, the diagnosis is based on events during which the person stops breathing for several periods during sleep. In polysomnography, the standard for sleep disordered breathing analysis, chest movement and airflow are used to monitor the respiratory activity. However, this method has serious drawbacks. Indeed, as the subject should sleep overnight in a laboratory and because of sensors being in direct contact with him, artifacts modifying sleep quality are often observed. This work investigates an analysis of the viability of an ultrasonic device to quantify the breathing activity, without contact and without any perception by the subject. Based on a low power ultrasonic active source and transducer, the device measures the frequency shift produced by the velocity difference between the exhaled air flow and the ambient environment, i.e., the Doppler effect. After acquisition and digitization, a specific signal processing is applied to separate the effects of breath from those due to subject movements from the Doppler signal. The distance between the source and the sensor, about 50 cm, and the use of ultrasound frequency well above audible frequencies, 40 kHz, allow monitoring the breathing activity without any perception by the subject, and therefore without any modification of the sleep quality which is very important for sleep disorders diagnostic applications. This work is patented (patent pending 2013-7-31 number FR.13/57569).
Annie G. Rogers (2014)

Abstract In this interview Professor Annie Rogers gives an overview of her career as a psychologist and researcher and the increasing influence of Lacanian psychoanalysis in her work with children and young people. She highlights the complexities around the notion of ‘the voice of the child’ and explains the method of interviewing and analysis she has developed to listen to ‘the unsayable’, the tacit knowledge that children have and which they express indirectly and often not in words. She foresees childhood studies developing in ways that are difficult to imagine and believes that the digital age will open up education to people around the world, who will become intrigued with their own culture, their own version of childhood and their own children.
Riociguat for interstitial lung disease and pulmonary hypertension: a pilot trial (2012)

We assessed the safety, tolerability and preliminary efficacy of riociguat, a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator, in patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease (PH-ILD). In this open-label, uncontrolled pilot trial, patients received oral riociguat (1.0-2.5 mg three times daily) for 12 weeks (n=22), followed by an ongoing long-term extension (interim analysis at 12 months) in those eligible (n=15). Primary end-points were safety and tolerability. Secondary end-points included haemodynamic changes and 6-min walk distance (6MWD). Overall, 104 adverse events were reported, of which 25 were serious; eight of the latter were considered drug-related. After 12 weeks of therapy, mean cardiac output increased (4.4 ± 1.5 L · min(-1) to 5.5 ± 1.8 L · min(-1)), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) decreased (648 ± 207 dyn · s(-1) · cm(-5) to 528 ± 181 dyn · s(-1) · cm(-5)) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) remained unchanged compared with baseline. Arterial oxygen saturation decreased but mixed-venous oxygen saturation slightly increased. The 6MWD increased from 325 ± 96 m at baseline to 351 ± 111 m after 12 weeks. Riociguat was well tolerated by most patients and improved cardiac output and PVR, but not mPAP. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the safety and efficacy of riociguat in patients with PH-ILD.
Combination of the vascular disrupting agent DMXAA (AS1404) with bevacizumab and paclitaxel produces synergistic antitumor activity in lung cancer xenografts (2007)

4642 The anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody, bevacizumab, has been approved for use alongside chemotherapy in colorectal, non-small cell lung, and breast cancers, highlighting the therapeutic value of combining anti-angiogenic therapies with cytotoxic drugs. Vascular disrupting agents (VDAs) are a distinct approach to the targeting of tumor vasculature based on disruption of established tumor blood vessels. VDAs are also most effective in combination settings: the small-molecule VDA DMXAA (AS1404) recently produced a substantial survival benefit when combined with carboplatin and paclitaxel in a phase II trial in non-small cell lung cancer. We have previously shown that combining the two anti-vascular approaches of anti-angiogenesis and a VDA produces synergistic anti-cancer effects. We now extend these studies to evaluate a triple combination of DMXAA with bevacizumab and the cytotoxic paclitaxel. Xenografts were established in nude mice following inoculation with the A549 (NSCLC) cell line and allowed to grow to approximately 100 mm 3 . Mice (11 per group) were treated with DMXAA (21 mg/kg twice weekly in weeks 1 and 4) or bevacizumab (5 mg/kg, twice weekly for 4 weeks) or paclitaxel (5 mg/kg twice weekly in weeks 1 and 4) or the triple combination (21 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg given as above). Control mice were untreated. Effects on growth were measured and outcomes were classed as complete responses (no tumor detected for 2 weeks); partial responses (>50% reduction in volume over 2 weeks); progressive disease (>50% increase in volume) or stable disease (all others). The triple combination of DMXAA, bevacizumab and paclitaxel produced sustained tumor regression (71-day median time to return to baseline volume). None of the agents alone caused tumor regression. The combination group showed more than 3 months9 growth delay compared to untreated controls. Paclitaxel alone had no effect on tumor growth, while bevacizumab or DMXAA alone each produced modest but statistically significant reductions in tumor growth rate compared to untreated controls (26 and 35-day delays, respectively). In outcome terms, the triple combination produced 2 complete responses, 4 partial responses and 4 cases of stable disease. There were no responses in the single agent or untreated groups. The combination regimen increased time to tumor progression by 78 days vs untreated controls. When compared with previous data for DMXAA plus bevacizumab or DMXAA plus paclitaxel combinations, the triple combination was superior in all respects and was not associated with greater toxicity. In conclusion, we have shown that a triple therapy regime targeting established vasculature (with the VDA, DMXAA), neovasculature (with the anti-VEGF antibody, bevacizumab) and tumor cells directly (with the cytotoxic, paclitaxel) has significant promise and warrants evaluation in clinical trials.
Transcriptional Enhancers in the HLA-DQ Subregion (1987)

Using transient expression assays, the HLA-DQ alpha and HLA-DQ beta genes of the human major histocompatibility complex were screened for cis-acting regulatory elements. Two regions in the HLA-DQ alpha gene and one in the HLA-DQ beta gene were identified which fulfilled the criteria for transcriptional enhancers.