gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Concentrations of Seven Elements in the Intraluminal Fluids of the Rat Seminiferous Tubules, Rete Testis, and Epididymis1 (1980)

This work, using micropuncture techniques and electron probe microanalysis, presents the concentrations of the seven principal biological chemical elements in the intraluminal fluids of the seminiferous tubules, rete testis, and epididymis. For the first time, these measurements have been made in the same sample preparations. The sodium concentration fell from seminiferous tubules (135.44 ± 12.20 mM/L) to caput epididymidis (104.02 ± 2.79 mM/L) to distal cauda epididymidis (37.17 ± 2.75 mM/L). In the seminiferous tubules, the potassium concentration was 39.77 ± 1.03 mM/L, while the chloride concentration was 143.37 ± 11.62 mM/L. The concentration of potassium rose from caput (20.53 ± 2.31 mM/L) to distal cauda epididymidis (39.98 ± 1.39 mM/L). The chloride concentration was stable throughout the epididymis (27.04 ± 2.16 mM/L in distal cauda epididymidal fluid). The phosphorus concentration was very high in the epididymis (93.76 ± 3.09 mM/L in corpus epididymidal fluid vs 2.25 ± 0.09 mM/L in serum). The concentration of calcium fell from the caput (0.85 ± 0.08 mM/L) to the distal cauda (0.25 ± 0.06 mM/L). Like phosphorus, the concentration of magnesium was high in the corpus epididymidis (2.61 ± 0.21 mM/L). The sulfur concentration was also higher in the corpus (30.90 ± 1.49 mM/L) than in the other areas of the epididymis.
Additive, nanoscale patterning of metal films with a stamp and a surface chemistry mediated transfer process: Applications in plastic electronics (2002)

We describe a method for contact printing metal patterns with nanometer features over large areas. This nanotransfer printing (nTP) technique relies on tailored surface chemistries to transfer metal films from the raised regions of a stamp to a substrate when these two elements are brought into intimate physical contact. The printing is purely additive, fast (&amp;lt;15 s contact time), and it occurs in a single processing step at ambient conditions. Features of varying dimensions, including sizes down to ∼100 nm, can be printed with edge resolution better than 15 nm. Electrical contacts and interconnects for high-performance organic transistors and complementary inverter circuits have been successfully fabricated using nTP.
Antitumor activity and molecular effects of the novel heat shock protein 90 inhibitor, IPI-504, in pancreatic cancer (2008)

Targeting Hsp90 is an attractive strategy for anticancer therapy because the diversity and relevance of biological processes are regulated by these proteins in most cancers. However, the role and mode of action of Hsp90 inhibitors in pancreatic cancer has not been studied. This study aimed to assess the antitumor activity of the Hsp90 inhibitor, IPI-504, in pancreatic cancer and to determine the biological effects of the agent. In vitro, we show that pharmacologic inhibition of Hsp90 by IPI-504 exerts antiproliferative effects in a panel of pancreatic cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In pancreatic cancer xenografts obtained directly from patients with pancreas cancer, the agent resulted in a marked suppression of tumor growth. Although known Hsp90 client proteins were significantly modulated in IPI-504-treated cell line, no consistent alteration of these proteins was observed in vivo other than induction of Hsp70 expression in the treated xenografted tumors. Using a proteomic profiling analysis with isotope tags for relative and absolute quantitation labeling technique, we have identified 20 down-regulated proteins and 42 up-regulated proteins on IPI-504 treatment.tumor growth Identical changes were observed in the expression of the genes coding for these proteins in a subset of proteins including HSPA1B, LGALS3, CALM1, FAM84B, FDPS, GOLPH2, HBA1, HIST1H1C, HLA-B, and MARCKS. The majority of these proteins belong to the functional class of intracellular signal transduction, immune response, cell growth and maintenance, transport, and metabolism. In summary, we show that IPI-504 has potent antitumor activity in pancreatic cancer and identify potential pharmacologic targets using a proteomics and gene expression profiling.
Towards development of an in vitro translation test for poliovirus neurovirulence. (1993)

We showed previously, using a cell-free system from Krebs-2 cells, that the genomes of the Sabin type 1 and 3 poliovaccine strains are poorly translated compared to RNAs of their neurovirulent progenitors. Here we show that similar or even greater differences in translation efficiencies of RNAs from attenuated and virulent poliovirus strains are exhibited by extracts prepared from HeLa cells. In addition, RNA of the Sabin type 2 vaccine is shown to be less efficient in translation that RNA of the revertant strain, 117, isolated from a case of vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitis. Sabin-derived strains of all three serotypes selected for growth in the human gut were typically characterized by the increased translation efficiency of their genomes. The observed augmentation in translation efficiency correlated well with the occurrence of point mutations in the putative 5' cis-acting element controlling translation and neurovirulence. The mutations were shown to restore the base pairings, disrupted in the Sabin strains, in the predicted secondary structure of the control element. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the cell-free translation assay for differentiation of closely related poliovirus strains on the basis of their neurovirulence.
Antiangiogenic therapy and surgical practice (2008)

Although often described as the fourth modality of treatment after surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, many antiangiogenic drugs have failed to live up to expectations. Nevertheless, research continues and there are reasons to believe that antiangiogenic therapy may yet have a future in the clinical setting.
Inactivation of a 25.5 µm Enterococcus faecalis biofilm by a room-temperature, battery-operated, handheld air plasma jet (2012)

Abstract Effective biofilm inactivation using a handheld, mobile plasma jet powered by a 12 V dc battery and operated in open air without any external gas supply is reported. This cold, room-temperature plasma is produced in self-repetitive nanosecond discharges with current pulses of ∼100 ns duration, current peak amplitude of ∼6 mA and repetition rate of ∼20 kHz. It is shown that the reactive plasma species penetrate to the bottom layer of a 25.5 µm-thick Enterococcus faecalis biofilm and produce a strong bactericidal effect. This is the thickest reported biofilm inactivated using room-temperature air plasmas.
Cryptococcus neoformans infection can elicit protective antibodies in mice (1994)

An IgG1 monoclonal antibody generated from a mouse infected with Cryptococcus neoformans modified the course of intravenous cryptococcal infection in A/J mice by prolonging survival and reducing lung fungal burden, brain mass, and serum polysaccharide levels. The results demonstrate that C. neoformans infection can elicit useful antibodies.
The transit sequence mediates the specific interaction of the precursor of ferredoxin with chloroplast envelope membrane lipids. (1993)

The interaction of the precursor of the chloroplast protein ferredoxin with membrane lipids was studied in monolayer experiments in order to investigate the possible involvement of membrane lipids in the protein translocation process. The precursor efficiently and specifically inserts into a total lipid extract of its biological target the outer envelope membrane of chloroplasts. This interaction is mediated by the transit sequence as it can also be observed for the chemically prepared transit peptide of ferredoxin but neither for the ferredoxin apoprotein nor holoprotein. Interactions with the individual chloroplast lipids, monogalactosyl-diacylglycerol, sulfoquinovosyl-diacylglycerol, and phosphatidylglycerol are predominantly involved which corresponds to the results obtained for transit peptide fragments of the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (van't Hof, R., Demel, R. A., Keegstra, K., and De Kruijff, B. (1991) FEBS Lett. 291, 350-354). No efficient interaction was obtained with digalactosyl-diacylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine, suggesting that a loose lipid headgroup packing due to small lipid headgroups and/or electrostatic repulsions facilitates efficient insertion. The observed preferences for interaction of the precursor and transit peptide of ferredoxin for the chloroplast outer envelope membrane lipid extract and the presequence of cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV for the mitochondrial outer membrane lipid extract indicate that targeting sequence-lipid interactions contribute to organelle-specific protein targeting.
Self-aligned silicides or metals for very large scale integrated circuit applications (1986)

The increases in the packing density and the resulting shrinkage of the silicon integrated circuit dimensions led to the investigation and successful application of the deposited refractory silicide layers as the gate and interconnection metallization. The continued shrinking of the device dimensions has now turned attention to further lowering of the resistance at the gate level and to finding a contact metallization for the shallow junctions. Although refractory metals are being considered for the former, self‐aligned silicides of cobalt, titanium, platinum, and nickel offer the possibility of satisfying both the gate and interconnection and contact metallization requirements. This paper will review the present status of the refractory silicide and refractory metal technologies and compare them with the upcoming self‐aligned silicide technology.
Isolation and Characterization of a Novel cDNA Encoding a Human UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase Active on C19 Steroids (1996)

To isolate cDNA clones encoding novel UGT2B enzymes, human prostate and LNCaP cell cDNA libraries were screened using a pool of steroid-specific UGT2B cDNA probes. In approximately 10(6) recombinants, we isolated 3 cDNA clones of 2.1 kilobases that encode a novel UGT2B enzyme. UGT2B17 is 95% identical with UGT2B15 and 91% identical with UGT2B8. Primary structure analysis of UGT2B17 based on the nucleotide sequence revealed a putative amino-terminal membrane insertion signal peptide, a carboxyl-terminal membrane-spanning region, and three potential asparagine-linked glycosylation sites. UGT2B17 cloned in the pBK-CMV expression vector was transfected into HK293 cells to obtain a stable clonal cell line expressing a high level of the active 53-kDa UGT2B17 enzyme. Of the over 60 endogenous and exogenous substances tested, 25 compounds revealed reactivity. The major substrates are eugenol > 4-methylumbelliferone > dihydrotestosterone > androstane-3alpha, 17beta-diol (3alpha-diol) > testosterone > androsterone (ADT). The apparent Km values obtained with tritiated steroids in intact cells were 0.4 microM for ADT, 0.7 microM for dihydrotestosterone, 1.0 microM for 3alpha-diol, and 3.4 microM for testosterone. Southern blot analysis of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction products revealed expression of UGT2B17 mRNA in various tissues including the liver, kidney, testis, uterus, placenta, mammary gland, adrenal gland, skin, and prostate. UGT2B17 is the first human uridine diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase enzyme expressed in extrahepatic tissues to have a specificity for ADT as well as testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and 3alpha-diol.
Ranibizumab for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2006)

Intravitreal administration of ranibizumab for 2 years prevented vision loss and improved mean visual acuity, with low rates of serious adverse events, in patients with minimally classic or occult (with no classic lesions) choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00056836 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
Full-azimuth subsurface angle domain wavefield decomposition and imaging Part I: Directional and reflection image gathers (2011)

Abstract We present a new subsurface angle-domain seismic imaging system for generating and extracting high-resolution information about subsurface angle-dependent reflectivity. The system enables geophysicists to use all recorded seismic data in a continuous fashion directly in the subsurface local angle domain (LAD), resulting in two complementary, full-azimuth, common-image-angle gather systems: directional and reflection. The complete set of information from both types of angle gathers leads to accurate, high-resolution, reliable velocity model determination and reservoir characterization. The directional angle decomposition enables the implementation of specular and diffraction imaging in real 3D isotropic/anisotropic geological models, leading to simultaneous emphasis on continuous structural surfaces and discontinuous objects such as faults and small-scale fractures. Structural attributes at each subsurface point, e.g., dip, azimuth and continuity, can be derived directly from the directional anglegathers. The reflection-angle gathers display reflectivity as a function of the opening angle and opening azimuth. These gathers are most meaningful in the vicinity of actual local reflecting surfaces, where the reflection angles are measured with respect to the derived background specular direction. The reflection-angle gathers are used for automatic picking of full-azimuth angle-domain residual moveouts (RMO) which, together with the derived background orientations of the subsurface reflection horizons, provide a complete set of input data to isotropic/anisotropic tomography. The full-azimuth, angle-dependent amplitude variations are used for reliable and accurate amplitude versus angle and azimuth (AVAZ) analysis and reservoir characterization. The proposed system is most effective for imaging and analysis below complex structures, such as subsalt and subbasalt, high-velocity carbonate rocks, shallow low-velocity gas pockets, and others. In addition, it enables accurate azimuthal anisotropic imaging and analysis, providing optimal solutions for fracture detection and reservoir characterization.
Ammonium Formate/Palladium on Carbon: A Versatile System for Catalytic Hydrogen Transfer Reductions of Carbon-Carbon Double Bonds (2003)

Various carbon-carbon double bonds in olefins and α,β-unsaturated ketones were effectively reduced to the corresponding alkanes and saturated ketones, using ammonium formate as a hydrogen transfer agent in the presence of Pd/C as catalyst in refluxing methanol.
A Permease-Oxidase Complex Involved in High-Affinity Iron Uptake in Yeast (1996)

Iron must cross biological membranes to reach essential intracellular enzymes. Two proteins in the plasma membrane of yeast--a multicopper oxidase, encoded by the FET3 gene, and a permease, encoded by the FTR1 gene--were shown to mediate high-affinity iron uptake. FET3 expression was required for FTR1 protein to be transported to the plasma membrane. FTR1 expression was required for apo-FET3 protein to be loaded with copper and thus acquire oxidase activity. FTR1 protein also played a direct role in iron transport. Mutations in a conserved sequence motif of FTR1 specifically blocked iron transport.
The Membrane-Proximal Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-Based Inhibitory Motif Is Critical for the Inhibitory Signaling Mediated by Siglecs-7 and -9, CD33-Related Siglecs Expressed on Human Monocytes and NK Cells (2004)

Siglec-7 and Siglec-9 are two members of the recently characterized CD33-related Siglec family of sialic acid binding proteins and are both expressed on human monocytes and NK cells. In addition to their ability to recognize sialic acid residues, these Siglecs display two conserved tyrosine-based motifs in their cytoplasmic region similar to those found in inhibitory receptors of the immune system. In the present study, we use the rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) model to examine the potential of Siglecs-7 and -9 to function as inhibitory receptors and investigate the molecular basis for this. We first demonstrate that Siglecs-7 and -9 are able to inhibit the FcepsilonRI-mediated serotonin release from RBL cells following co-crosslinking. In addition, we show that under these conditions or after pervanadate treatment, Siglecs-7 and -9 associate with the Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatases (SHP), SHP-1 and SHP-2, both in immunoprecipitation and in fluorescence microscopy experiments using GFP fusion proteins. We then show by site-directed mutagenesis that the membrane-proximal tyrosine motif is essential for the inhibitory function of both Siglec-7 and -9, and is also required for tyrosine phosphorylation and recruitment of SHP-1 and SHP-2 phosphatases. Finally, mutation of the membrane-proximal motif increased the sialic acid binding activity of Siglecs-7 and -9, raising the possibility that "inside-out" signaling may occur to regulate ligand binding.
A register file with transposed access mode (2002)

We introduce a new register file architecture that provides both row-wise and column-wise accesses, thus allowing partitioned instructions to be used in column-wise processing without transposition overhead. This feature can accelerate 2D separable image and video processing algorithms, such as 2D convolution and 2D discrete cosine transform (DCT), by eliminating the transposition steps.
La Armada de Felipe III. Gestión y logística de las escuadras de galeras permanentes del Rey Católico en la expulsión de los moriscos (1609-1610) (2009)

El proceso de expulsión de los moriscos fue uno de los pocos acontecimientos en que, durante el reinado de Felipe III y por encima de los preparativos ordinarios, se pudo comprobar la eficacia de las escuadras de galeras que este rey mantenía en el Mediterráneo de forma permanente. En los años anteriores diferentes campañas contra Argel y Larache habían terminado con la prematura suspensión de las operaciones, por lo que la expulsión fue la primera empresa naval mediterranea de Felipe III en la que, aparte de los preparativos, se llevaron a cabo y concluyeron los objetivos marcados. Este hecho permite analizar el impacto que la participación de estas escuadras tuvo en el desarrollo del proyecto de destierro, las necesidades y problemas derivados y los triunfos y decepciones que comportó su uso. En íntima relación con estos aspectos se inserta la propia gestión de puertos como Málaga, Cartagena o Barcelona, habitualmente implicados enla logística de este tipo de operaciones y en oposición a otros fondeaderos como Alicante o Los Alfaques, ajenos a la organización naval peninsular y que tuvieron que soportar el atraque de las escuadras y el alojamiento de las tropas que transportaban.
Sodium borohydride reduction of sterically hindered pyridinium salts (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSodium borohydride reduction of sterically hindered pyridinium saltsRobert E. Lyle and Charles B. BoyceCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 25, 3708–3711Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1974https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00939a022RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views787Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (500 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Quinazolines and 1,4-benzodiazepines. 75. 7-Hydroxyaminobenzodiazepines and derivatives (1976)

7-Nitro-substituted benzodiazepines were reduced with stannous chloride in a buffered system to the corresponding 7-hydroxyamino derivatives. These compounds were alkylated, acylated, and converted to nitroso and azoxy derivatives. The rearrangement of a hydroxyamine to an aminophenol and its oxidation to an aminoquinone are also exemplified. The results of the pharmacological screening for CNS effects are given.
Staircase Codes for Secret Sharing With Optimal Communication and Read Overheads (2016)

We study the communication efficient secret sharing (CESS) problem. A classical threshold secret sharing scheme encodes a secret into n shares given to n parties, such that any set of at least t, t <; n, parties can reconstruct the secret, and any set of at most z, z <; t <; n, colluding parties cannot obtain any information about the secret. A CESS scheme satisfies the previous properties of threshold secret sharing. Moreover, it allows to reconstruct the secret from any set of d ≥ t, parties by reading and communicating the minimum amount of information. In this paper, we introduce three explicit constructions of CESS codes called Staircase codes. The first construction achieves optimal communication and read costs for a given d. The second construction achieves optimal costs universally for all possible values of d between t and n. The third construction, which is the most general, achieves optimal costs universally for all values of d in any given set Δ ⊆ {t, .. . , n}. The introduced Staircase codes can store a secret of maximal size, i.e., equal to t - z shares, and they are all designed over a small finite field GF(q), for any prime power q > n. However, Staircase codes may require dividing the secret and the shares into many symbols. We also describe how Staircase codes can be used to construct threshold changeable secret sharing with minimum storage cost, i.e., minimum share size.
Prostate cancer update (2002)

Recent advances in prostate cancer have focused on treatment strategies in patients with biochemical relapse and novel methods of androgen deprivation therapy such as intermittent therapy, the role of bisphosphonates, and immunotherapeutic approaches. Continued investigation into the mechanism of androgen independence and effective treatments for hormone-refractory disease are described. This article reviews the major advances in prostate cancer published between November 1, 2000, and October 31, 2001.