gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Androgen‐inducible TGF‐β1 from balding dermal papilla cells inhibits epithelial cell growth: a clue to understanding paradoxical effects of androgen on human hair growth (2002)

We attempted establishing an in vitro coculture system by using human dermal papilla cells (DPCs) from androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and keratinocytes (KCs) to explore the role of androgens in hair growth regulation. Androgen showed no significant effect on the growth of KCs when they were cocultured with DPCs from AGA. Because the expressions of mRNA of androgen receptor (AR) decreased during subcultivation of DPCs in vitro, we transiently transfected the AR expression vector into the DPCs and cocultured them with KCs. In this modified coculture, androgen significantly suppressed the growth of KCs by approximately 50%, indicating that overexpression of AR can restore the responsiveness of the DPCs to androgen in vivo. We found that androgen stimulated the expression of TGF-beta1 mRNA in the cocultured DPCs. ELISA assays demonstrated that androgen treatment increased the secretion of both total and active TGF-beta1 in the conditioned medium. Moreover, the neutralizing anti-TGF-beta1 antibody reversed the androgen-elicited growth inhibition of KCs in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that androgen-inducible TGF-beta1 derived from DPCs of AGA is involved in epithelial cell growth suppression in our coculture system, providing the clue to understand the paradoxical effects of androgens for human hair growth.
Cell Sensitivity Assays: The MTT Assay (2011)

The MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay is based on the conversion of MTT into formazan crystals by living cells, which determines mitochondrial activity. Since for most cell populations the total mitochondrial activity is related to the number of viable cells, this assay is broadly used to measure the in vitro cytotoxic effects of drugs on cell lines or primary patient cells. In this chapter the protocol of the assay is described including important considerations relevant for each step of the assay as well as its limitations and possible applications.
CMOS-compatible planar silicon waveguide-grating-coupler photodetectors fabricated on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates (2002)

We report planar silicon interdigitated p-i-n photodiodes with waveguide-grating couplers fabricated on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates. The devices were fabricated in standard CMOS technology on 200-nm-thick SOI wafers with no additional fabrication steps. A waveguide-grating coupler with a period of 265 nm increased the quantum efficiency by a factor of four compared to a photodiode without a coupler. The dark current was 10 pA at -3-V bias and the bandwidth was 4.1 GHz (RC limited).
Carcinoma of the Pancreatic Head and Periampullary Region Tumor Staging with Laparoscopy and Laparoscopic Ultrasonography (1995)

Objective The authors performed a prospective evaluation of staging laparoscopy with laparoscopic ultrasonography in predicting surgical resectability in patients with carcinomas of the pancreatic head and periampullary region. Summary Background Data Summary Background Data resection with curative intent is possible in a select minority of patients who have carcinomas of the pancreatic head and periampullary region. Patient selection is important to plan appropriate therapy and avoid unnecessary laparotomy in patients with unresectable disease. Laparoscopic ultrasonography is a novel technique that combines the proven benefits of staging laparoscopy with high resolution intraoperative ultrasound of the liver and pancreas, but which has yet to be evaluated critically in the staging of pancreatic malignancy. Methods A cohort of 40 consecutive patients referred to a tertiary referral center and with a diagnosis of potentially resectable pancreatic or periampullary cancer underwent staging laparoscopy with laparoscopic ultrasonography. The diagnostic accuracy of staging laparoscopy alone and in conjunction with laparoscopic ultrasonography was evaluated in predicting tumor resectability (absence of peritoneal or liver metastases; absence of malignant regional lymphadenopathy; tumor confined to pancreatic head or periampullary region). Results “Occult” metastatic lesions were demonstrated by staging laparoscopy in 14 patients (35%). Laparoscopic ultrasonography demonstrated factors confirming unresectable tumor in 23 patients (59%), provided staging information in addition to that of laparoscopy alone in 20 patients (53%), and changed the decision regarding tumor resectability in 10 patients (25%). Staging laparoscopy with laparoscopic ultrasonography was more specific and accurate in predicting tumor resectability than laparoscopy alone (88% and 89% versus 50% and 65%, respectively). Conclusions Conclusions laparoscopy is indispensable in the detection of “occult” intra-abdominal metastases. Laparoscopic ultrasonography improves the accuracy of laparoscopic staging in patients with potentially resectable pancreatic and periampullary carcinomas.
Clonal Integration of a Polyomavirus in Human Merkel Cell Carcinoma (2008)

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare but aggressive human skin cancer that typically affects elderly and immunosuppressed individuals, a feature suggestive of an infectious origin. We studied MCC samples by digital transcriptome subtraction and detected a fusion transcript between a previously undescribed virus T antigen and a human receptor tyrosine phosphatase. Further investigation led to identification and sequence analysis of the 5387-base-pair genome of a previously unknown polyomavirus that we call Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV or MCPyV). MCV sequences were detected in 8 of 10 (80%) MCC tumors but only 5 of 59 (8%) control tissues from various body sites and 4 of 25 (16%) control skin tissues. In six of eight MCV-positive MCCs, viral DNA was integrated within the tumor genome in a clonal pattern, suggesting that MCV infection and integration preceded clonal expansion of the tumor cells. Thus, MCV may be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of MCC.
The direct formation of a 3′,5′-cyclic mononucleotide from an adenine nucleoside (1969)

M. Hubert-Habart and L. Goodman, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1969, 740 DOI: 10.1039/C29690000740
Education: Will we accept Tasmania's greatest challenge? (2014)

The University of Tasmania has seen periods of significant change and challenge in the past 124 years. In the very early days following its establishment in 1890, there were those in Hobart - indeed, those in power - who thought this place an unnecessary indulgence. There have been other periods of considerable social and community upheaval, including two world wars and, in 1955, a Royal Commission into the University and its future. So when I say that the University is currently operating through a period of the greatest challenge and change since the time it was founded, it is not something I say lightly.
Fungal Degradation of Lipophilic Extractives in Eucalyptus globulus Wood (1999)

ABSTRACT Solid-state fermentation of eucalypt wood with several fungal strains was investigated as a possible biological pretreatment for decreasing the content of compounds responsible for pitch deposition during Cl 2 -free manufacture of paper pulp. First, different pitch deposits were characterized by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (MS). The chemical species identified arose from lipophilic wood extractives that survived the pulping and bleaching processes. Second, a detailed GC-MS analysis of the lipophilic fraction after fungal treatment of wood was carried out, and different degradation patterns were observed. The results showed that some basidiomycetes that decreased the lipophilic fraction also released significant amounts of polar extractives, which were identified by thermochemolysis as originating from lignin depolymerization. Therefore, the abilities of fungi to control pitch should be evaluated after analysis of compounds involved in deposit formation and not simply by estimating the decrease in the total extractive content. In this way, Phlebia radiata , Funalia trogii , Bjerkandera adusta , and Poria subvermispora strains were identified as the most promising organisms for pitch biocontrol, since they degraded 75 to 100% of both free and esterified sterols, as well as other lipophilic components of the eucalypt wood extractives. Ophiostoma piliferum , a fungus used commercially for pitch control, hydrolyzed the sterol esters and triglycerides, but it did not appear to be suitable for eucalypt wood treatment because it increased the content of free sitosterol, a major compound in pitch deposits.
Heat resistance of Mo/Si, MoSi2/Si, and Mo5Si3/Si multilayer soft x-ray mirrors (1995)

The effects of heating on both the reflectivity and layered structures of Mo/Si and Mo-silicide/Si (MoSi2/Si and Mo5Si3/Si) multilayers were evaluated. The Cu-Kα x-ray reflectivity and the periodic length of the Mo/Si multilayer markedly decreased after heating at above 300 °C, while those of the Mo-silicide/Si multilayers changed only slightly even after heating up to 600 °C. Transmission electron microscopy observations revealed markedly less thermally induced deterioration in the Mo-silicide/Si multilayers than in the Mo/Si multilayer, indicating that Mo-silicide/Si multilayers have better heat resistance than Mo/Si multilayers.
Evidence for linkage of bipolar disorder to chromosome 18 with a parent-of-origin effect. (1995)

A susceptibility gene on chromosome 18 and a parent-of-origin effect have been suggested for bipolar affective disorder (BPAD). We have studied 28 nuclear families selected for apparent unilineal transmission of the BPAD phenotype, by using 31 polymorphic markers spanning chromosome 18. Evidence for linkage was tested with affected-sib-pair and LOD score methods under two definitions of the affected phenotype. The affected-sibpair analyses indicated excess allele sharing for markers on 18p within the region reported previously. The greatest sharing was at D18S37: 64% in bipolar and recurrent unipolar (RUP) sib pairs (P = .0006). In addition, excess sharing of the paternally, but not maternally, transmitted alleles was observed at three markers on 18q: at D18S41, 51 bipolar and RUP sib pairs were concordant for paternally transmitted alleles, and 21 pairs were discordant (P = 0004). The evidence for linkage to loci on both 18p and 18q was strongest in the 11 paternal pedigrees, i.e., those in which the father or one of the father's sibs is affected. In these pedigrees, the greatest allele sharing (81%; P = .00002) and the highest LOD score (3.51; phi = 0.0) were observed at D18S41. Our results provide further support for linkage of BPAD to chromosome 18 and the first molecular evidence for a parent-of-origin effect operating in this disorder. The number of loci involved, and their precise location, require further study..
A hemangioendothelioma-derived cell line: its use as a model for the study of endothelial cell biology. (1990)

The purpose of our research was to develop a stable murine cell line that could serve as a general model for the study of microvascular endothelial cells. To do so we have characterized an endothelial cell line originally derived from a mouse hemangioendothelioma. Endothelioma cells synthesize angiotensin-converting enzyme, express surface receptors for acetylated low density lipoprotein, produce thrombospondin and show intracellular staining with an antibody to von Willebrand antigen. The response of endothelioma cells to endothelial cell mitogens, known angiogenesis-inducing factors, extracellular matrix substrate (Matrigel), and various cytokines was measured. Endothelioma cells show an increased proliferative response to extracts from hypothalamus but only marginally to recombinant fibroblast growth factor or purified endothelial cell growth factor. Rearrangement of cells forming tube-like connections were induced by Matrigel. The chemokinetic responses generally correlated with angiogenesis-inducing properties of the test substances. The results support the conclusion that the endothelioma cell line maintains characteristic endothelial cell properties and behaves in vitro in a manner similar to microvascular endothelial cells.
Continuous-time time-stretched analog-to-digital converter array implemented using virtual time gating (2005)

We demonstrate the continuous-time operation of a time-stretch analog-to-digital converter array. A continuous-time RF signal is segmented into parallel channels and each channel is stretched in time prior to digitization. The technique offers improvement in the effective input bandwidth and sampling rate of the digitizer. The implementation uses virtual time gating for interleaving segments of the continuous-time RF signal. The signal is first modulated onto a linearly chirped optical carrier and then sliced, in time, using passive optical filters. This technique obviates the need for fast switching gates. It results in minimum interchannel mismatch and in hardware efficiency since all channels are stretched using the same electro-optic modulator and the same dispersive elements.
A Data Analytic Guide for Defence Management and Budgeting (2021)

This two-part guide reviews several standard data analytic tools with a wide variety of military financial management applications. Consider defence fuel budgets. The better our budget estimates, greater the efficiency and effectiveness of our forces. Budgeting too little can impact future operations, training, equipment, or sacrifice other priorities reprogrammed to fill funding gaps. Budgeting too much also risks sacrificing military priorities, as extra funds may be discovered too late to be reprogrammed efficiently. To minimize costly adjustments and wasteful reprogramming requires better guesses. The challenge with fuel prices is that they vary a lot. We have three choices, to: Ignore variability, Capture variability, or explain variability. The first section reviews extrapolative Forecasting and Sample Means (Averages) that mostly ignore variability, and then proceed to Confidence Intervals and Critical Values that attempt to capture variability. The next section explores the power of Simulation and Regression Analysis (“parametric estimation”) that tries to explain variability. This two-part guide briefly summarizes each approach in the context of fuel budgets, together with hints of how to apply the techniques in Excel. Widespread application of these and other data analytic tools could improve military management and budgeting and increase the efficiency and effectiveness of our forces.
Estudio comparativo de procainamida y amiodarona intravenosa para el tratamiento de la taquicardia regular de qrs ancho (probablemente ventricular) con aceptable tolerancia clínica (2017)

Objetivos: La procainamida y la amiodarona intravenosa son los farmacos de eleccion en el tratamiento de taquicardia ventricular bien tolerada. Sin embargo, la eleccion de un farmaco frente a otro no esta claramente definida, incluso comparando distintas guias de actuacion. Se realizo un estudio multicentrico aleatorizado, abierto, fase IV para determinar la seguridad y eficacia de la procainamida y amiodarona intravenosa en el tratamiento agudo de la taquicardia de QRS ancho bien tolerada. Metodos y resultados: Los pacientes con taquicardia regular (≥120 lpm) de QRS ancho (≥120 ms) hemodinamicamente estable de probable origen ventricular fueron aleatorizados a recibir una dosis unica de procainamida (10 mg/kg/20 minutos) o amiodarona (5 mg/kg/20 minutos) intravenosa. El objetivo principal consistio en comparar la incidencia de eventos adversos cardiacos mayores predefinidos en 40 minutos desde el inicio de la infusion del farmaco. De 74 pacientes incluidos, 62 pudieron ser analizados. El objetivo principal ocurrio en 3 de 33 (9%) pacientes tratados con procainamida y en 12 de 29 (41%) pacientes tratados con amiodarona (OR=0,1; 95% IC: 0,03-0,6; P=0,006). La taquicardia termino dentro de los 40 minutos en 22 (67%) de los pacientes tratados con procainamida y en 11 (38%) de los tratados con amiodarona (OR=3,3; 95% IC: 1,2-9,3; P=0,026). En las siguientes 24 horas, ocurrieron eventos adversos en 18% de los pacientes tratados con procainamida y en 31% de los tratados con amiodarona (OR=0,49; 95% IC: 0,15–1,61; P=0,24). En 49 pacientes con cardiopatia estructural, el objetivo principal fue tambien mayor en los pacientes tratados con amiodarona (3 [11%] vs 10 [43%]; OR=0,17; 95% IC: 0,04-0,73, P=0,017). Conclusiones: Este estudio compara por primera vez en un diseno aleatorizado la seguridad y eficacia de la procainamida y amiodarona intravenosa en el tratamiento del episodio agudo de taquicardia de complejo QRS ancho bien tolerada (probablemente de origen ventricular). La terapia con procainamida se asocio con menos eventos adversos cardiacos mayores y una mayor eficacia en la terminacion del episodio de taquicardia en 40 minutos del periodo de estudio.
Effect of transforming growth factor beta on cell death of cultured rat hepatocytes. (1991)

We investigate mechanisms of regression of liver hyperplasia which occurs after induction of growth by hepatomitogens and their subsequent withdrawal. We hypothesized that transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) might be involved in the control of regression. Therefore we studied the effect of this agent on DNA synthesis and death of hepatocytes cultured in vitro. Both the low basal rate of DNA synthesis of untreated cells and its increase by epidermal growth factor (10 ng/ml) were suppressed by TGF-beta 1 at concentrations higher than 0.01-0.1 ng/ml. At the same range of concentrations of TGF-beta 1, the DNA content of the cultures declined significantly and numerous dead cells could be seen in the monolayer. Time course studies showed that TGF-beta 1 (1 ng/ml) decreased DNA content in the cultures linearly to 41 +/- 7% of controls during a period of 48 h. A similar decrease occurred with vital hepatocytes in hematoxylin and eosin stained monolayers. These changes were accompanied by an extensive release of lactate dehydrogenase which began at 20 h and was 70% of the total lactate dehydrogenase content of the cultures at 40-48 h. Little formation of guanidine hydrochloride resistant bodies and no fragmentation of DNA, indicators of apoptotic cell death, were detected after TGF-beta 1 (1 ng/ml) treatment. Time lapse cinematography revealed an active detachment of the cells from the underlying collagen gel. These studies show that inhibition of DNA synthesis by TGF-beta 1 is associated with enhanced cell death in cultured hepatocytes.
Structural characterization of virion proteins and genomic RNA of human parainfluenza virus 3 (1984)

The virion proteins and genomic RNA of human parainfluenza virus 3 have been characterized. The virion contains seven major and two minor proteins. Three proteins of 195 X 10(3) molecular weight (195K), 87K, and 67K are associated with the nucleocapsid of the virion and have been designated L, P, and NP, respectively. Three proteins can be labeled with [14C]glucosamine and have molecular weights of 69K, 60K, and 46K. We have designated these proteins as HN, F0, and F1, respectively. HN protein has interchain disulfide bonds, but does not participate in disulfide bonding to form homomultimeric forms. F1 appears to be derived from a complex, F1,2, that has an electrophoretic mobility similar to that of F0 under nonreducing conditions. A protein of 35K is associated with the envelope components of the virion and aggregates under low-salt conditions; this protein has been designated M. The genome of human parainfluenza virus 3 is a linear RNA molecule with a molecular weight of approximately 4.6 X 10(6).
High-dose cytosine arabinoside in the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia: contributions to outcome of clinical and laboratory attributes. (1987)

High-dose cytosine arabinoside (HDAra-C) has been used for remission induction, and in conventional doses for maintenance in a trial of single-agent therapy in 43 previously untreated patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Rationale for the trial was provided by the observed decrease in leukemic blast cell self-renewal in culture following exposure to Ara-C. Compared with a previous trial of 57 patients treated with multidrug therapy, single-drug Ara-C was associated with a significantly improved complete remission rate (P = .010), although the survival time was not increased. All patients with low self-renewal responded to HDAra-C in contrast to the previous trial where some patients with this phenotype failed remission induction. The clinical observations are consistent with the view that the antileukemic effect of Ara-C has some specificity for cellular events required for self-renewal of blast cells. Exposure in vivo to Ara-C was associated with an increase in blast stem cell renewal at relapse, indicating that maintenance with other drugs should be tested. The study demonstrates the importance of biological attributes in design and analysis of clinical trials.
Laser sintering of ceramics (2013)

The progress of laser sintering of ceramics is reviewed by focusing on the principles and the potentials of this new technique as one member of a family of additive manufacturing technologies. After a brief introduction of the technology and the interaction between laser beam and ceramics, the characters of laser sintered ceramics are discussed in detail. The unique opportunities of achieving hierarchically structured heterogeneities and non-equilibrium phase assemblages in bulk ceramics are illustrated. It reveals that the laser sintering is not only a feasible technology allowing net shape production of customized 3D parts in a single manufacturing operation but also a promising way for developing ceramics with structures that can hardly be made by conventional processing methods.
Mechanism of Action of Mullerian Inhibiting Substance (1984)

Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate multiple signals, such as those from microbes, damaged tissues, and ...Read More
Cloning and expression of a protein-tyrosine-phosphatase. (1990)

A rat brain cDNA library was screened by using a mixture of oligonucleotides whose sequences were deduced from the amino acid sequence of a human placental protein-tyrosine-phosphatase (PTPase; EC 3.1.3.48) reported by Charbonneau et al. [Charbonneau, H., Tonks, N. K., Walsh, K. A. & Fischer, E. H. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 7182-7186]. The isolated clones encode a PTPase of 432 amino acids having a mass of 49,679 daltons and showing 97% sequence identity to the corresponding 321 residues of the placental enzyme. The coding sequence of the PTPase was placed behind a bacteriophage T7 promoter and the protein was expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein had a molecular weight of 50,000 by SDS/PAGE analysis and showed an absolute specificity for phosphotyrosine-containing substrates. Northern analysis documented that there were two sizes of RNA, 4.3 and 2.0 kilobases, which encode the PTPase. Both transcripts were present in a number of tissues, and the smaller RNA appears to arise by the use of an alternative polyadenylylation signal. The PTPase was also localized by in situ hybridization in the rat central nervous system. A diffuse pattern of hybridization signal is seen in a number of brain areas, with the hippocampus showing the highest levels of mRNA. Sequences located at the C terminus of the rat brain PTPase contain possible sites for phosphorylation as well as signals which could serve for membrane attachment.