gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study on the Hawaiian Bark Cloth Kapa (1991)

The use of bark cloth, made of the inner bark of certain trees, was widespread along tropical zones from the Africa to the Hawaii encompassing the globe. They include Malaysia, Indonesia, New Guinea, Polynesian Islands and South America. Among them the Hawaiian bark cloth, named Kapa(pronounced as tapa) was rated as the best quality and most admired. It has variety in designs and colors as well as the most sophistcated production methods. The distinct processes of kapa making are composed of two stages. The first is called first beating and it is a preparatory stage to beat the sea-water soaked bast. It was done with a round beater on a stone anvil. The second beating process was carried out with the squared beater and wooden anvil. The strips from the first beating was soaked again in the water and then beaten lightly to break up fibers. The craftmen laid a bundle of strips over the anvil and beat it into pieces of kapa. The second beater of Hawaii was the most characteristic one among bark cloth producing countries. On their surfaces were the engraved patterns, which were creation of theirs. These distinguished designs enabled them to produce the kapa with the thinner and finer texture and an elaboration of impressed designs known as watermaks. The Hawaiian culture was self-sufficient one : Everything they used was of their own creation until 19th century. Among their inventions of printing designs on kapa are three most important and distinguished processes. They are the overlaying, the cord snapping and the block printing techniques. Their inventiveness as well as self sufficient environment made it possible to develop their fine art of the kapa making. It is said that the mass producing and cheap western technology of loom forced them to gradually abandon their traditional art and as a result this fine and valuable legacy of Hawaiian traditional kapa making technique is all but disappeared. However it is encouraging and heart warming to find that some of the people as well as specialized researchers pined together to form a group to try to reproduce the old kapa and study the traditional art. They consider the kapa as an expression of the ethnic identity with Hawaii's heritage as well as valuable art of human history.
Application of Probabilistic Decoding to Digital Magnetic Recording Systems (1971)

A digital magnetic recording system is viewed in this paper as a linear system that inherently includes a correlative level encoder. This encoder can be regarded as a linear finite-state machine like a convolutional encoder. The maximum likelihood decoding method recently devised by Viterbi to decode convolutional codes is then applied to digital magnetic recording systems. The decoding algorithm and its implementation are discussed in detail. Expressions for the decoding error probability are obtained and confirmed by computer simulations. It is shown that a significant improvement in the performance with respect to other methods is achievable by the maximum likelihood decoding method. For example, under the Gaussian noise assumption the proposed technique can reduce raw error rates in the 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−3</sup> to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−4</sup> range by a factor of 50 to 300. These results indicate that the maximum likelihood decoding method gains as much as 2.5 dB in signal-to-noise ratio over the conventional bit-by-bit detection method.
Route to stabilized ultrabroadband microresonator-based frequency combs (2013)

We perform the first theoretical modeling of the full spectral&#x2013;temporal dynamics of octave-spanning parametric microresonator comb generation through use of the Lugiato&#x2013;Lefever model extended to include higher-order dispersion and self-steepening. We show that three distinct stages are necessary to achieve single-pulse modelocking and discuss the dispersion characteristics required for ultrabroadband, stabilized comb generation. Our simulations agree well with previous experimental demonstrations and predict many of the observed features, including multipulse generation, dispersive wave generation, modelocking, and comb stabilization.
Nucleotide sequence of the ugp genes of Escherichia coli K‐12: homology to the maltose system (1988)

The nucleotide sequence of the ugp genes of Escherichia coli K-12, which encode a phosphate-limitation inducible uptake system for sn-glycerol-3-phosphate and glycerophosphoryl diesters, was determined. The genetic organization of the operon differed from previously published results. A single promoter, containing a putative pho box, was detected by S1-nuclease mapping. The promoter is followed by four open reading frames, designated ugpB, A, E and C, which encode a periplasmic binding protein, two hydrophobic membrane proteins and a protein that is likely to couple energy to the transport system, respectively. The sequences of the proteins contain the characteristics of several other binding protein-dependent transport systems, but they seem to be particularly closely related to the maltose system.
Novel Synthetic Inhibitors of Selectin-Mediated Cell Adhesion:  Synthesis of 1,6-Bis[3-(3-carboxymethylphenyl)-4-(2-α-d-mannopyranosyloxy)phenyl]hexane (TBC1269) (1998)

Reports of a high-affinity ligand for E-selectin, sialyl di-Lewis(x) (sLe(x)Le(x), 1), motivated us to incorporate modifications to previously reported biphenyl-based inhibitors that would provide additional interactions with the protein. These compounds were assayed for the ability to inhibit the binding of sialyl Lewis(x) (sLe(x), 2) bearing HL-60 cells to E-, P-, and L-selectin fusion proteins. We report that dimeric or trimeric compounds containing multiple components of simple nonoligosaccharide selectin antagonists inhibit sLe(x)-dependent binding with significantly enhanced potency over the monomeric compound. The enhanced potency is consistent with additional binding interactions within a single selectin lectin domain; however, multivalent interaction with multiple lectin domains as a possible alternative cannot be ruled out. Compound 15e (TBC1269) showed optimal in vitro activity from this class of antagonists and is currently under development for use in the treatment of asthma.
A high-rate MSR code with polynomial sub-packetization level (2015)

We present a high-rate (n, k, d = n − 1)-MSR code with a sub-packetization level that is polynomial in the dimension k of the code. While polynomial sub-packetization level was achieved earlier for vector MDS codes that repair systematic nodes optimally, no such MSR code construction is known. In the low-rate regime (i. e., rates less than one-half), MSR code constructions with a linear sub-packetization level are available. But in the high-rate regime (i. e., rates greater than one-half), the known MSR code constructions required a sub-packetization level that is exponential in k. In the present paper, we construct an MSR code for d = n − 1 with a fixed rate equation, achieveing a sub-packetization level α = O(k <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sup> ). The code allows help-by-transfer repair, i. e., no computations are needed at the helper nodes during repair of a failed node.
A beta-lactone related to lactacystin induces neurite outgrowth in a neuroblastoma cell line and inhibits cell cycle progression in an osteosarcoma cell line. (1994)

Lactacystin, a microbial natural product, induces neurite outgrowth in Neuro 2A mouse neuroblastoma cells and inhibits progression of synchronized Neuro 2A cells and MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells beyond the G1 phase of the cell cycle. A related beta-lactone, clasto-lactacystin beta-lactone, formally the product of elimination of N-acetylcysteine from lactacystin, is also active, whereas the corresponding clastolactacystin dihydroxy acid is completely inactive. Structural analogs of lactacystin altered only in the N-acetylcysteine moiety are active, while structural or stereochemical modifications of the gamma-lactam ring or the hydroxyisobutyl group lead to partial or complete loss of activity. The inactive compounds do not antagonize the effects of lactacystin in either neurite outgrowth or cell cycle progression assays. The response to lactacystin involves induction of a predominantly bipolar morphology that is maximal 16-32 h after treatment and is distinct from the response to several other treatments that result in morphological differentiation. Neurite outgrowth in response to lactacystin appears to be dependent upon microtubule assembly, actin polymerization, and de novo protein synthesis. The observed structure-activity relationships suggest that lactacystin and its related beta-lactone may act via acylation of one or more relevant target molecule(s) in the cell.
Development of Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Targeted Drug Delivery and Noninvasive Imaging of Therapeutic Effect (2009)

Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary scientific field undergoing explosive development. Nanometer-sized particles offer novel structural, optical and electronic properties that are not attainable with individual molecules or bulk solids. Advances in nanomedicine can be made by engineering biodegradable nanoparticles such as magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, polymers, dendrimers and liposomes that are capable of targeted delivery of both imaging agents and anticancer drugs. This leads toward the concept and possibility of personalized medicine for the potential of early detection of cancer lesions, determination of molecular signatures of the tumor by noninvasive imaging and, most importantly, molecular targeted cancer therapy. Increasing evidence suggests that the nanoparticles, whose surface contains a targeting molecule that binds to receptors highly expressed in tumor cells, can serve as cancer image contrast agents to increase sensitivity and specificity in tumor detection. In comparison with other small molecule contrast agents, the advantage of using nanoparticles is their large surface area and the possibility of surface modifications for further conjugation or encapsulation of large amounts of therapeutic agents. Targeted nanoparticles ferry large doses of therapeutic agents into malignant cells while sparing the normal healthy cells. Such multifunctional nanodevices hold the promise of significant improvement of current clinical management of cancer patients. This review explores the development of nanoparticles for enabling and improving the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents, the potential of nanomedicine, and the development of novel and more effective diagnostic and screening techniques to extend the limits of molecular diagnostics providing point-of-care diagnosis and more personalized medicine.
Chemical sequence control of beta-sheet assembly in macromolecular crystals of periodic polypeptides (1994)

A family of uniform periodic polypeptides has been prepared by bacterial expression of the corresponding artificial genes, with the objective of exploring the potential for control of supramolecular organization in genetically engineered protein-based polymeric materials. The repeating units of the polypeptides consist of oligomeric alanyl-glycine sequences interspersed with glutamic acid residues inserted at intervals of 8 to 14 amino acids. Crystallization of such materials from formic acid produces β-sheet structures in the solid state, as shown by vibrational spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and wide-angle x-ray diffraction. The diffraction results, together with observations from electron microscopy, are consistent with the formation of needle-shaped lamellar crystals whose thickness is controlled by the periodicity of the primary sequence. These results can be used to control solid-state structure in macromolecular materials.
Characterization of C1q in Teleosts (2010)

C1qs are key components of the classical complement pathway. They have been well documented in human and mammals, but little is known about their molecular and functional characteristics in fish. In the present study, full-length cDNAs of c1qA, c1qB, and c1qC from zebrafish (Danio rerio) were cloned, revealing the conservation of their chromosomal synteny and organization between zebrafish and other species. For functional analysis, the globular heads of C1qA (ghA), C1qB (ghB), and C1qC (ghC) were expressed in Escherichia coli as soluble proteins. Hemolytic inhibitory assays showed that hemolytic activity in carp serum can be inhibited significantly by anti-C1qA, -C1qB, and -C1qC of zebrafish, respectively, indicating that C1qA, C1qB, and C1qC are involved in the classical pathway and are conserved functionally from fish to human. Zebrafish C1qs also could specifically bind to heat-aggregated zebrafish IgM, human IgG, and IgM. The involvement of globular head modules in the C1q-dependent classical pathway demonstrates the structural and functional conservation of these molecules in the classical pathway and their IgM or IgG binding sites during evolution. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that c1qA, c1qB, and c1qC may be formed by duplications of a single copy of c1qB and that the C1q family is, evolutionarily, closely related to the Emu family. This study improves current understanding of the evolutionary history of the C1q family and C1q-mediated immunity.
Comparison of the Bronchodilator Effects of Salbutamol Delivered via a Metered-Dose Inhaler with Spacer, a Dry-Powder Inhaler, and a Jet Nebulizer in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (1999)

The aim of this study was to compare the bronchodilator effects of salbutamol delivered via three different devices: a dry-powder inhaler (DPI), a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with a large-volume spacer and a jet nebulizer (NEB) in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Ten male patients with stable COPD [age: 67.2 +/- 3.8 years, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1): 1.56 +/- 0.32 liters] were studied in a randomized, double-blind and crossover manner. Each patient received 200 or 1, 000 microg salbutamol via an MDI with an InspirEaseTM spacer, a RotahalerTM, or a DeVilbiss 646(TM) nebulizer (NEB), or matching placebo on 7 separate days. Spirometry was performed before and 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 240 min after inhalation. With the 200- microg dose, only DPI produced a small but greater response in maximum FEV1 and in area under the time-response curve (AUC-FEV1) compared with placebo. With the 1,000- microg dose, DPI and MDI produced equally greater improvements in both maximum FEV1 and AUC-FEV1 than NEB. An equal bronchodilating effect can be obtained using either DPI or MDI with a spacer device, whereas the NEB was less effective when the same dose was administered.
Transmission electron microscopy study of chemically etched porous Si (1993)

We have developed a new, minimal damage approach for examination of luminescent porous Si (PS) layers by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In this approach, chemically etched (CE) PS layers are fabricated after conventional plan-view TEM sample preparation. Our TEM studies show that crystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous phases exist in the same CE sample. The microstructure is believed to gradually change from crystalline to amorphous during chemical etching in a HF-HNO3-H2O solution. The microcrystallites in the polycrystalline region are estimated to be 15–100 Å, while the pore size is on the order of 400 Å.
Targeting Cell Death in Tumors by Activating Caspases (2008)

Cytotoxic approaches to killing tumor cells, such as chemotherapeutic agents, gamma-irradiation, suicide genes or immunotherapy, have been shown to induce cell death through apoptosis. The intrinsic apoptotic pathway is activated following treatment with cytotoxic drugs, and these reactions ultimately lead to the activation of caspases, which promote cell death in tumor cells. In addition, activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway with death-inducing ligands leads to an increased sensitivity of tumor cells toward cytotoxic stimuli, illustrating the interplay between the two cell death pathways. In contrast, tumor resistance to cytotoxic stimuli may be due to defects in apoptotic signaling. As a result of their importance in killing cancer cells, a number of apoptotic molecules are implicated in cancer therapy. The knowledge gleaned from basic research into apoptotic pathways from cell biological, structural, biochemical, and biophysical approaches can be used in strategies to develop novel compounds that eradicate tumor cells. In addition to current drug targets, research into molecules that activate procaspase-3 directly may show the direct activation of the executioner caspase to be a powerful therapeutic strategy in the treatment of many cancers.
Protective role of synthetic sialylated oligosaccharide in sepsis-induced acute lung injury (1997)

Proper engagement of leukocyte and endothelial cell selectins with their counterreceptors is an initial step in neutrophil trafficking to sites of inflammation. Certain fucosylated carbohydrate determinants such as sialyl Lewis-x are proposed to act as these counterreceptors. We studied the effects of a synthetic sialyl Lewis-x analog, CY-1503, on the course of hemodynamic derangements and acute lung injury during experimental gram-negative sepsis. Anesthetized ventilated swine were made septic with an infusion of live Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A treatment group received an initial bolus of CY-1503 (60 mg/kg) before sepsis, followed by continuous infusion of CY-1503 (15 mg.kg-1.h-1). Treatment with CY-1503 did not prevent the development of pulmonary hypertension, systemic hypotension, decline in cardiac output, or severe neutropenia. However, CY-1503 significantly attenuated lung injury, demonstrated by decreased bronchoalveolar lavage protein content and neutrophil influx, lowered lung myeloperoxidase activity, and improved arterial oxygenation. Neutrophils from septic and CY-1503 animals showed significant activation, reflected by upregulated CD18 expression and priming for oxidant burst compared with control animals. This study suggests blockade of selectin interactions as a potential therapeutic intervention in sepsis-induced lung injury.
Nuclear transplantation by microinjection of inner cell mass and granulosa cell nuclei (1994)

The developmental potential of bovine inner cell mass (ICM) and somatic differentiated (granulosa cell) nuclei was investigated using nuclear transplantation. ICM blastomeres were isolated after immunosurgery of day 7 in vitro produced blastocysts and cumulus granulosa cells recovered from in vitro matured oocytes. Nuclear transplantation was carried out by microinjection of the lysed donor cells into enucleated mature oocytes. Oocytes were activated by three 0.2 kVcm-1/20 microseconds pulses in mannitol containing 100 microM Ca2+, with each pulse 22 min apart. Embryos were cultured in vitro for 7 days and blastocysts were transferred into recipients. ICM and granulosa cell donor nuclei directed 7% (20/304) and 9% (19/213) development to blastocysts, respectively. Fifteen blastocysts from ICM donors resulted in four pregnancies (27%) and two births. No pregnancy was detected with granulosa cell donors. The results illustrate the totipotency of ICM nuclei and indicate that granulosa cell nuclei promote preimplantation development of nuclear transplant embryos.
Platelet aggregation inhibitors. 6. 2-Thioadenosine derivatives (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPlatelet aggregation inhibitors. 6. 2-Thioadenosine derivativesKiyomi Kikugawa, Hideo Suehiro, and Motonobu IchinoCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1973, 16, 12, 1381–1388Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1973https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00270a014RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views214Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (995 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Determination of the non-relaxation (reflection) probability of metastable Ar(3P2) atoms on a Pyrex surface (2004)

Two techniques allowing us to measure the probability for the non-relaxation of metastable atoms impinging on glass surfaces are presented. In the first one, the radial distribution of Ar*(3P2) metastable atoms in the proximity of the glass wall is determined by a resonant absorption technique in the afterglow of a low pressure (8.5 Pa) argon discharge. The comparison of the experimental density profile with model profiles predicted by a simple model, permits the determination of an upper limit, R ⩽ 0.45, for the non-relaxation probability. In the second experiment, the Doppler-shifted laser-induced fluorescence technique is used to deduce the velocity distribution function of Ar*(3P2) metastable atoms in the vicinity of a Pyrex wall in very low pressure (0.09–0.5 Pa) argon plasmas. The non-relaxation probability is deduced from the ratio of the flux of metastable atoms having their radial velocity oriented towards the cell axis to the flux of those with their radial velocity oriented towards the wall. This latter technique is much more precise and gives a value of R = 0.28 ± 0.05 for the non-relaxation probability. It is also shown that metastable atoms moving away from the surface have somehow been accommodated to the surface and acquired a velocity distribution corresponding to the wall temperature.