gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effects of antitranspirants on leaf water status, stomatal resistance and yield in tomato (1985)

SummaryThe effects of three antitranspirants, PMA, 8-HQ and kaolinite, on leaf water potential, sap osmotic potential, stomatal diffusive resistance and yield in different tomato cultivars were examined. Antitranspirants were sprayed at the flower initiation and/or fruit development stages. Stomatal diffusive resistance significantly increased in the treated plants compared with control plants. Although leaf water potential and leaf sap osmotic potential gradually decreased, in both treated and control plants, compared with irrigated plants, the decrease was greater in the control plants. Significant yield differences were observed between control and treated plants. A single spray of anti-transpirant at either the flower initiation or fruit development stage improved yield. The application of antitranspirants at both stages was not beneficial. PMA and kaolinite improved the plant water status and yield.
Scalable Parallel Programming with CUDA (2008)

The advent of multicore CPUs and manycore GPUs means that mainstream processor chips are now parallel systems. Furthermore, their parallelism continues to scale with Moore’s law. The challenge is to develop mainstream application software that transparently scales its parallelism to leverage the increasing number of processor cores, much as 3D graphics applications transparently scale their parallelism to manycore GPUs with widely varying numbers of cores.
MR Spectroscopic imaging of collagen: Tendons and knee menisci (1995)

Water molecules associated with collagen have short transverse (T2) relaxation times. Projection-reconstruction techniques are able to achieve an echo time (TE) much shorter than conventional techniques, allowing imaging of tissues with T2 < 5 ms. Using these techniques, a conventional 1.5-T MRI human imaging system can directly image collagen-associated water from knee menisci and tendons in normal volunteers and patients. Long-T2 suppression improves the contrast between these structures and the surrounding tissue with long-T2 relaxation times. Spectroscopic imaging provides improved lipid/water registration and information about chemical composition and relaxation times. Direct imaging of tendons and menisci may provide more information about these structures and provide a new way to assess both injury and repair.
ChemInform Abstract: IN VACUO THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF CADMIUM SILICON DIARSENIDE, CDSIAS2 (1980)

Abstract Im Hinblick auf mögliche Anwendungen in Photozellen oder elektronischen Bauelementen interessiert die Frage, ob sich stöchiometrische CdsiAsz‐Filme auf dem Wege des direkten thermischen Aufdampfens erhalten lassen.
Automatic speech recognition system using acoustic and visual signals (2002)

Automatic speech-reading systems use both acoustic and visual signals to perform speech recognition. In previous work, we have shown how visual speech can improve recognition accuracy of automatic speech recognition and have described an algorithm based on deformable templates that accurately infers lip dynamics. In this paper we present a complete speech-reading system, which is able to record an utterance using a standard color video camera, preprocess both the audio and video signal, and perform speech recognition. This system is based on new algorithms for finding the talker's face and mouth and an improved template algorithm for tracking the lips. We will also compare the results from our new system with our previous work and discuss various strategies for integration of the two modalities.
The Staphylococcus aureus Protein Sbi Acts as a Complement Inhibitor and Forms a Tripartite Complex with Host Complement Factor H and C3b (2008)

The Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, similar to other pathogens, binds human complement regulators Factor H and Factor H related protein 1 (FHR-1) from human serum. Here we identify the secreted protein Sbi (Staphylococcus aureus binder of IgG) as a ligand that interacts with Factor H by a-to our knowledge-new type of interaction. Factor H binds to Sbi in combination with C3b or C3d, and forms tripartite SbiratioC3ratioFactor H complexes. Apparently, the type of C3 influences the stability of the complex; surface plasmon resonance studies revealed a higher stability of C3d complexed to Sbi, as compared to C3b or C3. As part of this tripartite complex, Factor H is functionally active and displays complement regulatory activity. Sbi, by recruiting Factor H and C3b, acts as a potent complement inhibitor, and inhibits alternative pathway-mediated lyses of rabbit erythrocytes by human serum and sera of other species. Thus, Sbi is a multifunctional bacterial protein, which binds host complement components Factor H and C3 as well as IgG and beta(2)-glycoprotein I and interferes with innate immune recognition.
A comprehensive time-course–based multicohort analysis of sepsis and sterile inflammation reveals a robust diagnostic gene set (2015)

Although several dozen studies of gene expression in sepsis have been published, distinguishing sepsis from a sterile systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is still largely up to clinical suspicion. We hypothesized that a multicohort analysis of the publicly available sepsis gene expression data sets would yield a robust set of genes for distinguishing patients with sepsis from patients with sterile inflammation. A comprehensive search for gene expression data sets in sepsis identified 27 data sets matching our inclusion criteria. Five data sets (n = 663 samples) compared patients with sterile inflammation (SIRS/trauma) to time-matched patients with infections. We applied our multicohort analysis framework that uses both effect sizes and P values in a leave-one-data set-out fashion to these data sets. We identified 11 genes that were differentially expressed (false discovery rate ≤1%, inter-data set heterogeneity P > 0.01, summary effect size >1.5-fold) across all discovery cohorts with excellent diagnostic power [mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), 0.87; range, 0.7 to 0.98]. We then validated these 11 genes in 15 independent cohorts comparing (i) time-matched infected versus noninfected trauma patients (4 cohorts), (ii) ICU/trauma patients with infections over the clinical time course (3 cohorts), and (iii) healthy subjects versus sepsis patients (8 cohorts). In the discovery Glue Grant cohort, SIRS plus the 11-gene set improved prediction of infection (compared to SIRS alone) with a continuous net reclassification index of 0.90. Overall, multicohort analysis of time-matched cohorts yielded 11 genes that robustly distinguish sterile inflammation from infectious inflammation.
Targeted suppression of an amyloidogenic transthyretin with antisense oligonucleotides (2006)

Transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis, the most common form of hereditary systemic amyloidosis, is characterized clinically by adult-onset axonal neuropathy and restrictive cardiomyopathy. More than 85 mutations in transthyretin have been found to cause this hereditary disease. Since essentially all circulating TTR is of hepatic origin, orthotopic liver transplantation has been used as the only specific form of therapy. Unfortunately, in many patients amyloid deposition continues after orthotopic liver transplantation, indicating that mutant TTR is no longer required for progression of the disease after tissue deposits have been initiated. As a first step toward medical treatment of this disease, we have employed antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) to inhibit hepatic expression of TTR. A transgenic mouse model carrying the human TTR Ile84Ser mutation was created and shown to express high levels of human mutant transthyretin. TTR ASOs suppressed hepatic TTR mRNA levels and serum TTR levels by as much as 80%. Suppression of hepatic synthesis of transthyretin may offer a medical treatment for transthyretin systemic amyloidosis.
Timed Presence Extensions to the Presence Information Data Format (PIDF) to Indicate Status Information for Past and Future Time Intervals (2006)

protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.
NGF activates the phosphorylation of MAP1B by GSK3β through the TrkA receptor and not the p75NTRreceptor (2003)

We have recently shown that nerve growth factor (NGF) induces the phosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) by activating the serine/threonine kinase glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) in a spatio-temporal pattern in PC12 cells that correlates tightly with neurite growth. PC12 cells express two types of membrane receptor for NGF: TrkA receptors and p75NTR receptors, and it was not clear from our studies which receptor was responsible. We show here that brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which activates p75NTR but not TrkA receptors, does not stimulate GSK3beta phosphorylation of MAP1B in PC12 cells. Similarly, NGF fails to activate GSK3beta phosphorylation of MAP1B in PC12 cells that lack TrkA receptors but express p75NTR receptors (PC12 nnr). Chick ciliary ganglion neurons in culture lack TrkA receptors but express p75NTR and also fail to show NGF-dependent GSK3beta phosphorylation of MAP1B, whereas in rat superior cervical ganglion neurons in culture, NGF activation of TrkA receptors elicits GSK3beta phosphorylation of MAP1B. Finally, inhibition of TrkA receptor tyrosine kinase activity in PC12 cells and superior cervical ganglion neurons with K252a potently and dose-dependently inhibits neurite elongation while concomitantly blocking GSK3beta phosphorylation of MAP1B. These results suggest that the activation of GSK3beta by NGF is mediated through the TrkA tyrosine kinase receptor and not through p75NTR receptors.
A Compound TCP Approach for High-Speed and Long Distance Networks (2006)

Many applications require fast data transfer over high speed and long distance networks. However, standard TCP fails to fully utilize the network capacity due to the limitation in its conservative congestion control (CQ algorithm. Some works have been proposed to improve the connection's throughput by adopting more aggressive loss-based CC algorithms. These algorithms, although can effectively improve the link utilization, have the weakness of poor RTT fairness. Further, they may severely decrease the performance of regular TCP flows that traverse the same network path. On the other hand, pure delay-based approaches that improve the throughput in high-speed networks may not work well when the traffic is mixed with both delaybased and greedy loss-based flows. In this paper, we propose a novel Compound TCP (CTCP) approach, which is a synergy of delay-based and loss-based approach. Specifically, we add a scalable delay-based component into the standard TCP Reno congestion avoidance algorithm (a.k.a., the loss-based component). The sending rate of CTCP is controlled by both components. This new delay-based component can rapidly increase sending rate when network path is under utilized, but gracefully retreat in a busy network when bottleneck queue is built. Augmented with this delay-based component, CTCP provides very good bandwidth scalability with improved RTT fairness, and at the same time achieves good TCP-fairness, irrelevant to the windows size. We developed an analytical model of CTCP and implemented it on the Windows operating system. Our analysis and experiment results verify the properties of CTCP.
2,2‘,5,5‘-Tetramethyl-4,4‘-bis(diphenylphoshino)-3,3‘-bithiophene:  A New, Very Efficient, Easily Accessible, Chiral Biheteroaromatic Ligand for Homogeneous Stereoselective Catalysis (2000)

The four-step straightforward synthesis of enantiopure (+)- and (-)-2,2',5,5'-tetramethyl-4,4'-bis-(diphenylphoshino)-3,3'-bithiophene (tetraMe-BITIOP), a new C2-symmetry chelating ligand for transition metals, is described, starting from 2,5-dimethylthiophene. The complexes of this electron-rich diphosphine with Ru(II) and Rh(I) were used as catalysts in some homogeneous hydrogenation reactions of prostereogenic carbonyl functions of alpha- and beta-ketoesters, of prostereogenic carbon-carbon double bonds of substituted acrylic acids, and of N-acetylenamino acids. The enantiomeric excesses were found to be excellent in all the experiments and comparable with the best results reported in the literature for the same reactions, carried out under similar experimental conditions, with the metal complexes of the most popular chiral diphosphine ligands as catalysts.
Differential Antifungal and Calcium Channel-Blocking Activity among Structurally Related Plant Defensins (2004)

Plant defensins are a family of small Cys-rich antifungal proteins that play important roles in plant defense against invading fungi. Structures of several plant defensins share a Cys-stabilized alpha/beta-motif. Structural determinants in plant defensins that govern their antifungal activity and the mechanisms by which they inhibit fungal growth remain unclear. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) seed defensin, MsDef1, strongly inhibits the growth of Fusarium graminearum in vitro, and its antifungal activity is markedly reduced in the presence of Ca(2+). By contrast, MtDef2 from Medicago truncatula, which shares 65% amino acid sequence identity with MsDef1, lacks antifungal activity against F. graminearum. Characterization of the in vitro antifungal activity of the chimeras containing portions of the MsDef1 and MtDef2 proteins shows that the major determinants of antifungal activity reside in the carboxy-terminal region (amino acids 31-45) of MsDef1. We further define the active site by demonstrating that the Arg at position 38 of MsDef1 is critical for its antifungal activity. Furthermore, we have found for the first time, to our knowledge, that MsDef1 blocks the mammalian L-type Ca(2+) channel in a manner akin to a virally encoded and structurally unrelated antifungal toxin KP4 from Ustilago maydis, whereas structurally similar MtDef2 and the radish (Raphanus sativus) seed defensin Rs-AFP2 fail to block the L-type Ca(2+) channel. From these results, we speculate that the two unrelated antifungal proteins, KP4 and MsDef1, have evolutionarily converged upon the same molecular target, whereas the two structurally related antifungal plant defensins, MtDef2 and Rs-AFP2, have diverged to attack different targets in fungi.
Immobilization of glucose oxidase with Bombyx mori silk fibroin by only stretching treatment and its application to glucose sensor (1989)

Glucose oxidase (GOD) was immobilized in Bombyx mori silk fibroin membrane by only physical treatment, i.e., stretching without any chemical reagents. This is due to the structural transition of the silk fibroin membrane from random coil to antiparallel beta-sheet (Silk II) induced by the stretching treatment. Permeability coefficients of glucose and oxygen through the fibroin membrane were determined; the permeability of glucose decreased with increasing degree of stretching. The immobilized enzyme activity was characterized with apparent Michaelis constant K(m) (app) and maximal activity V(m). Optimum pH of the activity of the immobilized enzyme was shifted to the value around neutrality, and the activity was maintained to the higher values on both sides of the optimum pH compared with the case of free enzymes. Thermal stability was scarcely lost even at 50 degrees C, although the free enzyme lost about 70% of the original activity. Thus, the stabilities of the enzyme vs. pH and heat were much improved by the immobilization with silk. Glucose sensor prepared with this GOD-immobilized fibroin membrane was developed; the capabilities such as the response time, calibration curve, and repeating usage were determined.
Evaluation of the mixed service ability for competitive third generation multiple access technologies (2002)

The third generation mobile communication system should provide a range of new services, both high rate circuit switched and packet oriented, in a variety of environments. The rapid growth of services, such as World Wide Web (WWW) and video based sessions in the fixed network, increases the demand for mobile services of the same type. This paper analyses mixed packet and speech services in a cellular environment. The model simulates different orthogonal multiple access methods (e.g. TDMA, FDMA) with respect to their different abilities to access the resources in the system. The packet oriented services correspond to a WWW browser. We evaluate how two different services behave in a mobile system. This is followed by an evaluation of the packet performance, such as packet throughput and delay, according to different multiple access systems.
Extravascular Local Cooling of the Brain in Man (1963)

W 'nEN we cool the homeothermic brain of man, we disturb its functions. In exchange for an improved ability to withstand ischemia, we hazard the little known factors of abnormal survival at subnormal temperatures. These hazards increase in direct proportion to the depth, duration and extent of cooling. The metabolic and cardiovascular dangers of surface cooling of the whole body below 30~ and the technical complexities of perfusion techniques are well known, s,l~ Bearing in mind that even the most specialized individual tissues are able to survive near freezing temperatures, it would appear that it is not the actual process of cooling the tissues that is hazardous, but rather it is the sequence of physiological changes in various parts of the body in response to cold. 2,6,H,~3 The recognition of these facts has led to the development of local cooling as an attempt to by-pass the general effects of hypothermia, particularly when deep hypothermia is required; i.e., in the terminology of Bigelow, 2 temperatures below ~8~ Fig. 1 is a suggested classification of hypothermia which will serve to guide our use of terms in this report. Local cooling of the nervous system has been achieved in animals by a number of workers 9,24,25,30,34,42 using pervascular methods. In man, a few reports using such methods also have appeared. 2~ However, extravascular local cooling has not, to our knowledge, received sufficient attention. In another study we have reviewed the earlier work in this field and reported our results with local extravascular cooling in animals? 9 I t was emphasized there that the pioneer observations of Trendelenburg 39-41 in 1910
Conformational Characteristics of p-tert-Butylcalix[6]arene Ethers (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConformational Characteristics of p-tert-Butylcalix[6]arene EthersSuseela Kanamathareddy and C. David GutscheCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 14, 3871–3879Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00093a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00093a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views291Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Model of Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose Measurement Error (2017)

The proposed methodology allows to derive realistic models of SMBG error PDF. These models can be used in several investigations of present interest in the scientific community, for example, to perform in silico clinical trials to compare SMBG-based with nonadjunctive CGM-based insulin treatments.
Glycemic Control From 1988 to 2000 Among U.S. Adults Diagnosed With Type 2 Diabetes (2004)

Treatment regimens among U.S. adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes have changed substantially over the past 10 years. However, a decrease in glycemic control rates was also observed during this time period. This trend may contribute to increased rates of macrovascular and microvascular diabetic complications, which may impact health care costs. Our data support the public health message of implementation of early, aggressive management of diabetes.
Mobile payment: A journey through existing procedures and standardization initiatives (2004)

It is predicted that mobile applications will become an integral part of our lives at the personal and professional level. Mobile payment (MP) is a promising and exciting domain that has been rapidly developing recently, and although it can still be considered in its infancy, great hope is put on it. If MP efforts succeed, they will boost both e- and m-commerce and may be the killer service in 2.5 G and beyond future ambient intelligence infrastructures. This article introduces the mobile payment arena and describes some of the most important mobile payment procedures and consortia that are relevant to the development of mobile payment services. The aim of this work is to introduce the reader to mobile payments, present current concepts and the motivation behind it, and provide an overview of past and current efforts as well as standardization initiatives that guide this rapidly evolving domain.
Characterization of keratin–collagen 3D scaffold for biomedical applications (2011)

Abstract Fabrication of keratin–collagen (KC) 3D scaffold with improved thermal denaturation rate is reported. In vitro application of (KC) scaffold stimulates basic extra cellular matrix constituents. KC Scaffold considerably reduced undesirable properties of both collagen and keratin while collagen incorporation reduces the fragility with increases of strength and flexibility in the scaffold. In addition to this, the scaffold showed homogenous well‐interconnected pores in the range of 10–100 µm when observed in scanning electron microscope. Usage of keratin in KC scaffold offers increased biodegradation rate and higher denaturation rate in addition to its rapid cell growth with normal morphology ultimately reaching cell population of 3.9–9.7 million per cm 3 after 48 hr in KC scaffold. Circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier transform spectroscopy (FT‐IR) of KC showed presence of helical structure of collagen and ß‐turns of keratin confirming retention of native structures of both the proteins KC scaffold showed good swelling behavior and water uptake. Our study strongly supports the superidity of KC scaffold over the collagen or keratin when they are independently used for tissue engineering applications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.