gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strategies for Clinical Management of MRSA in the Community: Summary of an Experts' Meeting Convened by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2006)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a cause of skin infections and, less commonly, invasive infections among otherwise healthy adults and children in the community. More data are needed in order to fully understand the epidemiology, microbiology, and pathophysiology of these infections and to identify optimal prevention and treatment strategies. This report summarizes strategies for the clinical management of MRSA in the community based on discussions held at an MRSA experts’ meeting convened by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in July 2004, in conjunction with additional data available as of January 2006.
A Mathematical Theory of Linear Arrays (1943)

A MATHEMATICAL theory, suitable for appraising and controlling directive properties of linear antenna arrays, can be based upon a simple modification of the usual expression for the radiation intensity of a system of radiating sources. The first step in this modification is closely analogous to the passage from the representation of instantaneous values of harmonically varying quantities by real numbers to a symbolic representation of these quantities by complex numbers. The second step consists in a substitution which identifies the radiation intensity with the norm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> of a polynomial in a complex variable. The complex variable itself represents a typical direction in space. This mathematical device permits tapping the resources of algebra and leads to a pictorial representation of the radiation intensity.
Cardiomyocyte glucagon receptor signaling modulates outcomes in mice with experimental myocardial infarction (2014)

Activation or reduction of cardiac Gcgr signaling in the ischemic heart produces substantial cardiac phenotypes, findings with implications for therapeutic strategies designed to augment or inhibit Gcgr signaling for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
PI-88 and Novel Heparan Sulfate Mimetics Inhibit Angiogenesis (2007)

The heparan sulfate (HS) mimetic PI-88 is a promising inhibitor of tumor growth and metastasis expected to commence phase III clinical evaluation in 2007 as an adjuvant therapy for postresection hepatocellular carcinoma. Its anticancer properties are attributed to inhibition of angiogenesis via antagonism of the interactions of angiogenic growth factors and their receptors with HS. It is also a potent inhibitor of heparanase, an enzyme that plays a key role in both metastasis and angiogenesis. A series of PI-88 analogs have been prepared with enhanced chemical and biological properties. The new compounds consist of single, defined oligosaccharides with specific modifications designed to improve their pharmacokinetic properties. These analogs all inhibit heparanase and bind to the angiogenic fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF-1), FGF-2, and vascular endothelial growth factor with similar affinity to PI-88. However, compared with PI-88, some of the newly designed compounds are more potent inhibitors of growth factor-induced endothelial cell proliferation and of endothelial tube formation on Matrigel. Representative compounds were also tested for antiangiogenic activity in vivo and were found to reduce significantly blood vessel formation. Moreover, the pharmacokinetic profile of several analogs was also improved, as evidenced primarily by lower clearance in comparison with PI-88. The current data support the development of HS mimetics as potent antiangiogenic anticancer agents.
Immunoglobulin Light-Chain Amyloidosis: From Basics to New Developments in Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy (2016)

Immunoglobulin amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is the most common form of systemic amyloidosis, where the culprit amyloidogenic protein is immunoglobulin light chains produced by marrow clonal plasma cells. AL amyloidosis is an infrequent disease, and since presentation is variable and often nonspecific, diagnosis is often delayed. This results in cumulative organ damage and has a negative prognostic effect. AL amyloidosis can also be challenging on the diagnostic level, especially when demonstration of Congo red-positive tissue is not readily obtained. Since as many as 31 known amyloidogenic proteins have been identified to date, determination of the amyloid type is required. While several typing methods are available, mass spectrometry has become the gold standard for amyloid typing. Upon confirming the diagnosis of amyloidosis, a pursuit for organ involvement is essential, with a focus on heart involvement, even in the absence of suggestive symptoms for involvement, as this has both prognostic and treatment implications. Details regarding initial treatment options, including stem cell transplantation, are provided in this review. AL amyloidosis management requires a multidisciplinary approach with careful patient monitoring, as organ impairment has a major effect on morbidity and treatment tolerability until a response to treatment is achieved and recovery emerges.
Design and synthesis of deoxynucleic guanidine: a polycation analogue of DNA. (1994)

The basic strategy is described for the connection of nucleosides by guanidinium (g) linkers to provide the positively charged deoxynucleic guanidine putative antigene agents. The synthetic procedures are provided for d(gT)n. Molecular modeling of double-stranded [d(gT)10.d(Ap)10] and the triple-helical hybrids [d(Tp)10.d(Ap)10.d(gT)10] and [d(gT)10.d(Ap)10.d(gT)10] suggest modes of interaction and anticipated structural features.
Species Distribution of Testosterone-Binding Globulin1 (1973)

The plasma from 21 animals was examined for a testosterone-binding protein (TeBG) with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This technique allows separation of TeBG from other steroid-binding proteins. TeBG was identified in the plasma of only 13 of 21 species examined, indicating that this protein has a more limited species distribution than cortisol-binding globulin. Estradiol binding to TeBG was demonstrated in five species. The influence of TeBG on androgen metabolism is discussed.
Hydrolysis of Biological Peptides by Human Angiotensin-converting Enzyme-related Carboxypeptidase (2002)

Human angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) is a zinc metalloprotease whose closest homolog is angiotensin I-converting enzyme. To begin to elucidate the physiological role of ACE2, ACE2 was purified, and its catalytic activity was characterized. ACE2 proteolytic activity has a pH optimum of 6.5 and is enhanced by monovalent anions, which is consistent with the activity of ACE. ACE2 activity is increased approximately 10-fold by Cl(-) and F(-) but is unaffected by Br(-). ACE2 was screened for hydrolytic activity against a panel of 126 biological peptides, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry detection. Eleven of the peptides were hydrolyzed by ACE2, and in each case, the proteolytic activity resulted in removal of the C-terminal residue only. ACE2 hydrolyzes three of the peptides with high catalytic efficiency: angiotensin II () (k(cat)/K(m) = 1.9 x 10(6) m(-1) s(-1)), apelin-13 (k(cat)/K(m) = 2.1 x 10(6) m(-1) s(-1)), and dynorphin A 1-13 (k(cat)/K(m) = 3.1 x 10(6) m(-1) s(-1)). The ACE2 catalytic efficiency is 400-fold higher with angiotensin II () as a substrate than with angiotensin I (). ACE2 also efficiently hydrolyzes des-Arg(9)-bradykinin (k(cat)/K(m) = 1.3 x 10(5) m(-1) s(-1)), but it does not hydrolyze bradykinin. An alignment of the ACE2 peptide substrates reveals a consensus sequence of: Pro-X((1-3 residues))-Pro-Hydrophobic, where hydrolysis occurs between proline and the hydrophobic amino acid.
Identification of key residues in the amino-terminal third of human interleukin-1 alpha. (1990)

Two mutational approaches were used to perform a thorough structure-function analysis of the first 53 residues of the 159-residue cytokine human interleukin-1 alpha (hIL-1 alpha). In this study, a total of 26 deletions, 97 multiple amino acid substitutions, and 46 single amino acid substitutions were examined. A synthetic hIL-1 alpha gene with many unique restriction sites was constructed to facilitate the molecular manipulations that were performed. The mutational methods employed include: Bal-31 exonuclease-generated deletions at unique restriction sites and combinatorial cassette mutagenesis via segment replacement with synthetic DNA. The mutant hIL-1 alpha proteins were expressed at high levels in Escherichia coli and were assayed for biological activity in a mouse T cell proliferation assay. We observed that the activity of hIL-1 alpha was extraordinarily sensitive to deletion mutations. Most internal deletions of as few as 1 or 2 residues substantially reduced biological activity. Combinatorial cassette mutagenesis on residues 13-53 of hIL-1 alpha identified 15 important residue positions. Of these, 8 displayed strong preferences for residues with hydrophilic side chains, and the remainder preferred hydrophobic side chains. We found that functional hIL-1 alpha had an absolute requirement for a basic residue (Arg, Lys, or His) at either position 15 or 16, and that Leu was preferred at position 40.
Requirement of MMP‐3 in anchorage‐independent growth of oral squamous cell carcinomas (2007)

MMP-3 function may be required in most OSCCs, and it may support the anchorage-independent growth of both OSCC and esophageal carcinoma.
Identification of a potent indigoid persister antimicrobial by screening dormant cells (2019)

The subpopulation of bacterial cells that survive myriad stress conditions (e.g., nutrient deprivation and antimicrobials) by ceasing metabolism, revive by activating ribosomes. These resuscitated cells can reconstitute infections; hence, it is imperative to discover compounds which eradicate persister cells. By screening 10,000 compounds directly for persister cell killing, we identified 5-nitro-3-phenyl-1H-indol-2-yl-methylamine hydrochloride (NPIMA) kills Escherichia coli persister cells more effectively than the best indigoid found to date, 5-iodoindole, and better than the DNA-crosslinker cisplatin. In addition, NPIMA eradicated Pseudomonas aeruginosa persister cells in a manner comparable to cisplatin. NPIMA also eradicated Staphylococcus aureus persister cells but was less effective than cisplatin. Critically, NPIMA kills Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by damaging membranes and causing lysis as demonstrated by microscopy and release of extracellular DNA and protein. Furthermore, NPIMA was effective in reducing P. aeruginosa and S. aureus cell numbers in a wound model, and no resistance was found after 1 week. Hence, we identified a potent indigoid that kills persister cells by damaging their membranes.
Studies on styrene derivatives. I. Synthesis and antiinflammatory activities of .ALPHA.-benzylidene-.GAMMA.-butyrolactone derivatives. (1986)

Two α-benzylidene-γ-butyrolactones, α-(3, 5-dimethyl-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-γ-butyrolactone and α-(3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-γ-butyrolactone (KME-4), were found to have platelet aggregation inhibitory activity; the latter also had potent antiinflammatory activity and inhibited not only prostaglandin synthetase (PGS) but also 5-lipoxygenase. Further α-benzylidene-γ-butyrolactones were synthesized, and tested for antiinflammatory activity in carrageenin-induced rat paw edema assay (CPE) and for PGS inhibitory activity. It was found that the structural combination of a tert-butyl group at the 3 position, an alkyl group at the 5 position and an oxygen atom at the Δ position in α-benzylidene-γ-butyrolactone is necessary for antiinflammatory activity, and that rather broad structural variation is possible for inhibitors of PGS. The structural requirements for antiinflammatory activity in the CPE assay also seem to be partial requirements for inhibitory activity against PGS.
Inhibition of infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 particle formation by Gag protein-derived peptides (1994)

Sequential overlapping Gag protein-derived oligopeptides of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) 22 to 24 amino acids long, were synthesized and tested in vitro for antiviral activity. Two synthetic peptides, one derived from the matrix protein p17 (NPGLLETSEGCRQ, amino acids 47 to 59) and one located in the capsid protein p24 (PAATLEEMMTA, amino acids 339 to 349) inhibited the production of infectious virus when added to HIV-1-infected cultures when used in the range of 20 to 200 micrograms/ml. As shown by thin section electron microscopy, peptide treatment resulted in the release of immature, deformed virus particles suggesting that the two peptides interfered with assembly and maturation. Other Gag protein-derived oligopeptides had little or no influence on virus production. To characterize further the functionally active regions we synthesized peptide derivatives with three consecutive amino acids substituted by alanine; they did not cause inhibition. Therefore the regions responsible for inhibition were located between amino acids 50 to 61 in p17, and 342 to 350 in p24. These observations might lead to the development of a new antiviral strategy affecting the late stage of virus replication.
Radioimmunoguided surgery for recurrent colorectal cancer manifested by isolated CEA elevation (2000)

Patients with elevated CEA and no other findings should be operated upon without delay, and radioimmunoguided surgery should be used to enhance the surgeon's knowledge of the extent of disease.
Neuroprotective Actions of Novel and Potent Ligands of Group I and Group II Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors (1999)

The role of group I metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors in neurodegeneration is controversial because of the contradictory effects of mGlu1/5 agonists in in vitro models of neuronal cell death. In this study, novel and selective antagonists of mGlu1 and mGlu5: LY367385 and LY367366 were found to show consistent neuroprotective effects against N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced excitotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, intraventricular administration of LY367385 reduced hippocampal cell death in gerbils subjected to transient global ischemia. Previous studies have also shown that activation of group II mGlu receptors may contribute to neuroprotective mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. Three potent group II mGlu agonists--LY354740, LY379268 and LY389795--were found to attenuate both NMDA excitotoxicity and staurosporine-induced neuronal cell death. LY354740 and LY379268 were protective against transient global ischemia in gerbils when dosed intraperitoneally. These results support the view that antagonists of mGlu1 and mGlu5 and agonists of group II mGlu receptors may be useful agents in the therapeutic treatment of neurodegenerative disease.
Basic evidence of molecular targeted therapy for oral cancer and salivary gland cancer (2008)

The basic data strongly suggested the possibility of tumor suppression by targeting these molecules. Studies of different targeted agents alone or with more conventional treatment modalities are needed to fully determine what role the targeted therapy will play in the management of patients with OSCC and SGC.
Answering Autobiographical Questions: The Impact of Memory and Inference on Surveys (1987)

Survey questions often probe respondents for quantitative facts about events in their past: "During the last 2 weeks, on days when you drank liquor, about how many drinks did you have?" "During the past 12 months, how many visits did you make to a dentist?" "When did you last work at a full-time job?" are all examples from national surveys. Although questions like these make an implicit demand to remember and enumerate specific autobiographical episodes, respondents frequently have trouble complying because of limits on their ability to recall. In these situations, respondents resort to inferences that use partial information from memory to construct a numeric answer. Results from cognitive psychology can be useful in understanding and investigating these phenomena. In particular, cognitive research can help in identifying situations that inhibit or facilitate recall and can reveal inferences that affect the accuracy of respondents' answers.
Chemistry of tetrairidium carbonyl clusters. Part 1. Synthesis, chemical characterization, and nuclear magnetic resonance study of mono- and di-substituted phosphine derivatives. X-Ray crystal structure determination of the diaxial isomer of [Ir4(CO)7(µ-CO)3(Me2PCH2CH2PMe2)] (1986)

The reactions of the anionic cluster [NEt4][Ir4(CO)11Br] with uni- and bi-dentate phosphines and arsines have been investigated. The bromide ligand is quantitatively displaced by 1 mol equivalent of phosphine or arsine at low temperature, the only complexes being formed under these mild conditions being the monosubstituted products [Ir4(CO)11L](L = PPh3, PPh2Me, PPhMe2, or AsPh3), [Ir4(CO)11(L–L)](L–L =trans-Ph2PCHCHPPh2), and [(OC)11Ir4(L–L)Ir4(CO)11][L–L =trans-Ph2PCHCHPPh2 or Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2(n= 3 or 4)]. Similar reactions with higher than stoicheiometric amounts of phosphine (L = PPh3, PPh2Me, or PPhMe2) or diphosphine [L–L = Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2(n= 1–4), Me2P(CH2)2PMe2, cis-Ph2PCHCHPPh2, or o-Ph2PCH2C6H4CH2PPh2] give in good yields the disubstituted compounds [Ir4(CO)10(L–L)] respectively. The stereochemical arrangements of the phosphine ligands and the dynamic processes occurring in solutions of these complexes are discussed on the basis of i.r. and n.m.r, data. The structure of the diaxial isomer of [Ir4(CO)7(µ-CO)3(Me2PCH2CH2PMe2)] has been determined by X-ray diffraction. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c, with cell constants a= 15.694(2), b= 10.403(2), c= 15.706(2)Å, β= 92.63(2)°, and Z= 4. The structure has been solved from 2 289 diffraction intensities collected by counter methods, and refined by least-squares calculations to R= 0.087 (R′= 0.091). The four iridium atoms define a tetrahedron with three bridging CO ligands around a triangular face. All remaining carbonyls are terminally bonded and the two P atoms of the Me2PCH2CH2PMe2 ligand are found in axial positions, generating a six-membered ring.
CYP4 Isoenzyme Specificity and the Relationship between .omega.-Hydroxylation and Terminal Desaturation of Valproic Acid (1995)

The cytochrome P450-dependent terminal desaturation of valproic acid (VPA) is of both toxicological and mechanistic interest because the product, 4-ene-VPA, is a more potent hepatotoxin than the parent compound and its generation represents a rather novel metabolic reaction for the cytochrome P450 system. In the present study, lung microsomes from rabbits were identified as a rich source of VPA desaturase activity. Monospecific polyclonal antibodies directed against CYP4B1 (anti-4B) inhibited 82% of 4-ene-VPA formation, whereas monospecific polyclonal antibodies directed against CYP2B4 (anti-2B) inhibited only 15% of 4-ene-VPA formation. Anti-4B also inhibited 95% of the 5-hydroxy-VPA formation, but only 42% of 4-hydroxy-VPA formation. These data suggest that CYP4B1 accounts for more than 80% of the 4-ene- and 5-hydroxy-VPA metabolites generated by rabbit lung microsomes. CYP4B1 expressed in HepG2 cells metabolized VPA with a turnover number of 35 min-1 and formed the 5-hydroxy-, 4-hydroxy-, and 4-ene-VPA metabolites in a ratio of 110:2:1, respectively. In contrast, the lauric acid omega-hydroxylases, CYP4A1 and CYP4A3, did not give rise to detectable levels of any of these VPA metabolites. Therefore, these studies demonstrate a new functional role for CYP4B1 in the terminal desaturation and omega-hydroxylation of this short, branched-chain fatty acid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Clinical and molecular delineation of the 17q21.31 microdeletion syndrome (2008)

Our data establish the 17q21.31 microdeletion syndrome as a clinically and molecularly well recognisable genomic disorder.
Kinase targets in inflammation (1999)

(1999). Kinase targets in inflammation. Emerging Therapeutic Targets: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 1-25.
Organosiloxane-based bottom antireflective coatings for 193-nm lithography (2003)

A sacrificial, spin-on 193nm UV absorbing organosiloxane film has been developed to enable via first trench last (VFTL) copper dual-damascene patterning. The SiO structure intrinsic to the Duo193 BARC provides the required plasma etch selectivity to the thin ArF photoresists in use today. Furthermore, an equivalent plasma etch rate between Duo193 and the low dielectric constant SiOCH films, used as the dielectric layer in the backend Cu interconnect structures, is possible without compromising the photoresist etch selectivity. An equivalent etch rate is a necessary for complete elimination of 'fence' or 'shell' defect found with organic-based BARCs. This work has led to the development of Duo193 organosiloxane based bottom antireflective coatings. Tunable formulation variables, such as BARC solution pH to modulate film acidity, can have a significant effect on bulk and surface film properties. In addition to solution pH, the effect of BARC film bake temperature on wet chemical strip rates was also studied. ArF lithography, plasma etch and selective removal are discussed to focus on the process integration benefits of the planarizing, organosiloxane BARC material.
Reduction of the Immunogenicity of β-Lactoglobulin from Cow’s Milk by Conjugation with a Dextran Derivative (2010)

Beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) was conjugated with the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of the dextran-glycylglycine adduct (DG-ONSu) to reduce the immunogenicity of BLG, a major allergen of cow's milk, and some immunological properties of the conjugate (DG-BLG) were studied. The conjugate was prepared by modifying BLG with DG-ONSu and purified in a Sephadex G-100 column. The analytical data for DG-BLG indicated that 5.2 moles of DG-ONSu with a mean molecular weight of 9,300 were covalently attached to the amino groups of the BLG molecule. Conjugation with DG-ONSu greatly decreased the reactivity of BLG with anti-BLG antibodies and suppressed their production in vivo due to its shielding action for epitope(s) on the protein's molecular surface. It was also found that DG-BLG was resistant to proteolytic enzymes. These findings allow us to suggest that DG-ONSu could be advantageously used to suppress the hypersensitivity mediated by IgG antibodies in milk allergy.
Chlorination of 1H‐pyrrolo[3,2‐c]pyridin‐4,6(5H,7H)dione (3,7‐dideazaxanthine) and its 5‐methyl derivative (1978)

Abstract The chlorination of 1 H ‐pyrrolo[3,2‐ c ]pyridin‐4,6(5 H , 7 H )dione (3,7‐dideazaxanthine) ( 2 ) and 5‐methyl‐1 H ‐pyrrolo[3,2‐ c ] pyridin4,6(5 H ,7 H )dione (1 ‐methyl‐3,7‐dideazaxanthine) ( 3 ) with phenylphosphonic dichloride has yielded 4,6‐dichloro‐1 H ‐pyrrolo[3,2‐ c ]pyridine (2,6‐dichloro‐3,7‐dideazapurine) ( 1 ). A mechanism for the demethylation of the 5‐methyl derivative under these conditions is proposed. Ammonolysis of 4,6‐dichloro‐1 H ‐pyrrolo[3,2‐ c ] pyridine was unsuccessful while catalytic reduction of this dichloro derivative produced 1 H ‐pyrrolo[3,2‐ c ]‐pyridine ( 4 ).