gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of protective immunity in animals vaccinated with recombinant vaccinia viruses that express PreM and E glycoproteins of Japanese encephalitis virus (1990)

A cDNA clone representing the genome of structural proteins of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) was inserted into the thymidine kinase gene of vaccinia virus strains LC16mO and WR under the control of a strong early-late promoter for the vaccinia virus 7.5-kilodalton polypeptide. Indirect immunofluorescence and fluorescence-activated flow cytometric analysis revealed that the recombinant vaccinia viruses expressed JEV E protein on the membrane surface, as well as in the cytoplasm, of recombinant-infected cells. In addition, the E protein expressed from the JEV recombinants reacted to nine different characteristic monoclonal antibodies, some of which have hemagglutination-inhibiting and JEV-neutralizing activities. Radioimmunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that two major proteins expressed in recombinant-infected cells were processed and glycosylated as the authentic PreM and E glycoproteins of JEV. Inoculation of rabbits with the infectious recombinant vaccinia virus resulted in rapid production of antiserum specific for the PreM and E glycoproteins of JEV. This antiserum had both hemagglutination-inhibiting and virus-neutralizing activities against JEV. Furthermore, mice vaccinated with the recombinant also produced JEV-neutralizing antibodies and were resistant to challenge with JEV.
Deep lamellar keratoplasty---an alternative to penetrating keratoplasty (1997)

eye is uninvolved the operated eye is very unlikely to become their better seeing eye.
Theory of oxygen transport to tissue. (1989)

This review focuses on the theory of oxygen transport to tissue and presents the state of the art in mathematical modeling of transport phenomena. Results obtained with the classic Krogh tissue-cylinder model and recent advances in mathematical modeling of hemoglobin-oxygen kinetics, the role of hemoglobin and myoglobin in facilitating oxygen diffusion, and the role of morphologic and hemodynamic heterogeneities in oxygen transport in the microcirculation are critically discussed. Mathematical models simulate different parts of the pathway of oxygen molecules from the red blood cell, through the plasma, the endothelial cell, other elements of the vascular wall, and the extra- and intracellular space. Special attention in the review is devoted to intracapillary transport, which has been the subject of intensive theoretical research in the last decade. Models of pre- and postcapillary oxygen transport are also discussed. Applications to specific organs and tissues are reviewed, including skeletal muscle, myocardium, brain, lungs, arterial wall, and skin. Unresolved problems and major gaps in our knowledge of the mechanisms of oxygen transport are identified.
Association Between CYP2D6 Polymorphisms and Outcomes Among Women With Early Stage Breast Cancer Treated With Tamoxifen (2009)

Among women with breast cancer treated with tamoxifen, there was an association between CYP2D6 variation and clinical outcomes, such that the presence of 2 functional CYP2D6 alleles was associated with better clinical outcomes and the presence of nonfunctional or reduced-function alleles with worse outcomes.
Envelope-binding domain in the cationic amino acid transporter determines the host range of ecotropic murine retroviruses (1993)

Infection of rodent cells by ecotropic type C retroviruses requires the expression of a cationic amino acid transporter composed of multiple membrane-spanning domains. By exchanging portions of cDNAs encoding the permissive mouse and nonpermissive human transporters and examining their abilities to specify virus infection upon expression in human 293 cells, we have identified the amino acid residues in the extracellular loop connecting the fifth and sixth membrane-spanning segments of the mouse transporter that are required for both envelope gp70 binding and infection. These findings strongly suggest that the role of the mouse transporter in determining infection is to provide an envelope-binding site. This role is analogous to those of host membrane proteins composed of a single membrane-spanning domain that serve as binding proteins or receptors for other enveloped viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and murine and human coronaviruses.
Feature Films for Communication Courses: A Bibliography (1994)

Noting the usefulness of feature films as case studies in communication courses, this 31-item bibliography lists resources for those communication educators who want ideas for using feature films in their courses. Annotations are provided for some of the journal articles, textbooks/instructor's manuals, and ERIC documents in the bibliography--especially for those sources with titles that are not self-explanatory. Items in the bibliography were published between 1937 and 1994. (RS) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Speech Communication Association Bibliography 1IN Feature Films for Communication Courses: A Bibliography Russell F. Proctor II
Characterization of the adenosine receptors in the airways. (1995)

Adenosine causes bronchoconstriction both in vivo and in vitro in human asthmatics. In an in vivo rat model of adenosine-induced bronchoconstriction, the order of bronchoconstrictor potency of adenosine analogues was NECA = CPA > APNEA > CHA > R-PIA > CGS21680. This order of potency does not fit with the classical order of potency for a single subtype of adenosine receptors. The complete lack of bronchoconstrictory activity of CGS21680 suggests, nevertheless, that the A2A receptor subtype is not involved in the adenosine-induced bronchoconstriction. A remarkable finding was the dose-response curve to APNEA, which is thought to have some selective activity on the A3 receptor. The A2A-selective antagonist KF17837 (10(-7) to 10(-5) mol/kg) had no significant inhibitory activity on the adenosine-induced bronchoconstriction. The A1 antagonists, KF15372 and KW3902, both significantly inhibited the NECA-induced bronchoconstriction in BDE rats. We, therefore, conclude that the adenosine-induced bronchoconstriction in the rat is most likely due to binding of adenosine to different receptor subtypes including the A1, A2B and A3 subtypes.
The Endogenous Melatonin Profile as a Marker for Circadian Phase Position (1999)

Several circadian rhythms have been used to assess the phase of the endogenous circadian pacemaker (ECP). However, when more than one marker rhythm is measured, results do not always agree. Questions then inevitably arise. Are there multiple oscillators? Are some markers more reliable than others? Masking is a problem for all marker rhythms. Masking of melatonin is minimized by sampling under dim light. The dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO) is particularly convenient since it can usually be obtained before sleep. However, assessing the DLMO in low melatonin producers may be problematic, particularly with the commonly used operationally defined threshold of 10 pg/ml. This study evaluates various circadian phase markers provided by the plasma melatonin profile in 14 individuals, several of whom are low melatonin producers. The amount (amplitude) of melatonin production appears to influence the phase of many points on the melatonin profile. Accordingly, when low producers are in a data set, we now prefer a lower DLMO threshold than the one previously recommended (10 pg/ml). Indeed, there are some low producers who never exceed this threshold at any time. Radioimmunoassays are now available that have the requisite sensitivity and specificity to support the use of a lower threshold. Nevertheless, the dim-light melatonin offset (DLMOff), even when operationally defined at thresholds less than 10 pg/ml, appears to be confounded by amplitude in this study; in such cases, it may be preferable to use the melatonin synthesis offset (SynOff) because it is not confounded by amplitude and because, theoretically, it is temporally closer to the endogenous mechanism signaling the offset of production. The question of whether the termination mechanism of melatonin synthesis is related to an interval timer or to a second oscillator loosely coupled to the onset oscillator is probably best answered using the SynOff rather than the DLMOff. It is hoped that these findings will make a useful contribution to the debate on the best ways to use points on the melatonin profile to assess circadian phase position in humans.
Structure and function of the murine chemokine receptor CXCR3 (1999)

The gene encoding the murine homologue of human CXCR3 exists in a single copy consisting of two exons with an intron interrupting the coding sequence between nucleotides 10 and 11. The deduced amino acid sequence is 86% identical to the predicted human sequence. Murine CXCR3 mRNA is detectable in bone marrow cells cultured in the presence of IL-2 but not unstimulated cells. It is also detectable at low abundance in normal mouse spleen, lymph node, mammary gland, and thymus. Transfection of murine CXCR3 in murine pre-B lymphocyte line (CXCR3++/L1.2) conferred binding of the ligands IP10, ITAC and Mig with K(D)'s of 1.35 +/- 0.56, 1.41 +/- 0.20, and 11.65 +/- 0.90 nM, respectively. Lower affinity binding was observed for several beta or CC chemokines (eotaxin, MCP-3, MIP3alpha and SLC/6Ckine/Exodus 2). ITAC, IP10 and Mig induced chemotaxis with an order of potency ITAC > IP10 = Mig. The chemokines also increased intracellular calcium concentration and were variably desensitized to repeated agonist stimulation. The hierarchy for cross- desensitization was ITAC > Mig > IP10. Thus, while Mig, ITAC and IP10 all act on the same receptor for binding and agonist stimulation, they may interact with different receptor conformational isoforms to produce divergent responses.
Genetic evidence that the endodermis is essential for shoot gravitropism in Arabidopsis thaliana (1998)

Shoots of higher plants exhibit negative gravitropism. However, little is known about the mechanism or site of gravity perception in shoots. We have identified two loci that are essential for normal shoot gravitropism in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetic analysis demonstrated that the shoot gravitropism mutants sgr1 and sgr7 are allelic to the radial pattern mutants, scr and shr, respectively. Characterization of the aerial phenotype of these mutants revealed that the primary defect is the absence of a normal endodermis in hypocotyls and influorescence stems. This indicates that the endodermis is essential for shoot gravitropism and strongly suggests that this cell layer functions as the gravity-sensing cell layer in dicotyledonous plant shoots. These results also demonstrate that, in addition to their previously characterized role in root radial patterning, SCR and SHR regulate the radial organization of the shoot axial organs in Arabidopsis.
Red-emitting electroluminescent devices based on osmium-complexes-doped blend of poly(vinylnaphthalene) and 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivative (2002)

Efficient red electrophosphorescence was achieved from double-layer light-emitting devices using osmium (Os)-complexes-doped blend of poly(vinylnaphthalene) (PVN) and 2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-5-(4-biphenylyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PVN:PBD) as the emitting layer. Blending PVN with PBD greatly suppresses the electromer emission of PVN. The PVN:PBD blend emanates a short-wavelength electroluminescence emission peaking at around 375 nm, which overlaps well with the absorption spectra of the Os complexes and ensures very efficient energy transfer to the Os-complex dopants. The best external quantum efficiency of the double-layer devices was 2.2%, with a photometric efficiency of 1.9 cd/A.
Crystal Engineering of the Composition of Pharmaceutical Phases:  Multiple-Component Crystalline Solids Involving Carbamazepine (2003)

The crystal engineering design strategy facilitates supramolecular synthesis of 13 new crystalline phases of carbamazepine (CBZ), an analgesic and anticonvulsant with known problems related to solubility and polymorphism. CBZ forms supramolecular complexes with the following molecules, all of which are complementary to CBZ in terms of hydrogen bonding and can therefore act as cocrystal formers: acetone (1a); DMSO (1b); benzoquinone (1c); terephthalaldehyde (1d); saccharin (1e); nicotinamide (1f); acetic acid (1g); formic acid (1h); butyric acid (1i); trimesic acid (1j); 5-nitroisophthalic acid (1k); adamantane-1,3,5,7-tetracarboxylic acid (1l); and formamide (1m). Two distinct strategies based upon selection of complementary hydrogen-bond functionalities and previously known supramolecular synthons were utilized: strategy I exploits the exofunctional nature of the carboxamide dimer as either a hydrogen-bond donor or a hydrogen-bond acceptor and thereby retains the carboxamide dimer that is present in all previously isolated forms of CBZ; strategy II perturbs the carboxamide homosynthon by forming a heterosynthon between the carboxamide moiety of CBZ and the carboxylic acid moieties. The latter approach profoundly modifies crystal packing and should therefore affect the physical and pharmaceutical properties of CBZ. A full analysis of crystal packing and a discussion of what these results might mean in the broader context of crystal engineering and pharmaceutical solids is presented.
Simulation - Et effektivt redskab til design og udvikling af kundevendte processer (2012)

Mange virksomheder har blikket stift rettet mod udvikling af produktet ud fra et fagligt perspektiv, men kundens møde med produktet er afgørende for kundens opfattelse. En dårligt designet produkt/service-leverance medfører, at kunden ikke kommer tilbage. Simulation er et effektivt redskab til design af produkt/service leverancen, som tillader hurtig udvikling med inddragelse af alle relevante perspektiver. Denne artikel bygger på et forskningsprojekt på herlev Hospital hvor patient-relaterede processer på gynækologisk ambulatorium blev udviklet gennem simulation
Cellular senescence and tumor suppressor gene p16 (2011)

Cellular senescence is an irreversible arrest of cell growth. Biochemical and morphological changes occur during cellular senescence, including the formation of a unique cellular morphology such as flattened cytoplasm. Function of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes are affected resulting in the inhibition of lysosomal and proteosomal pathways. Cellular senescence can be triggered by a number of factors including, aging, DNA damage, oncogene activation and oxidative stress. While the molecular mechanism of senescence involves p16 and p53 tumor suppressor genes and telomere shortening, this review is focused on the mechanism of p16 control. The p16-mediated senescence acts through the retinoblastoma (Rb) pathway inhibiting the action of the cyclin dependant kinases leading to G1 cell cycle arrest. Rb is maintained in a hypophosphorylated state resulting in the inhibition of transcription factor E2F1. Regulation of p16 expression is complex and involves epigenetic control and multiple transcription factors. PRC1 (Pombe repressor complex (1) and PRC2 (Pombe repressor complex (2) proteins and histone deacetylases play an important role in the promoter hypermethylation for suppressing p16 expression. While transcription factors YY1 and Id1 suppress p16 expression, transcription factors CTCF, Sp1 and Ets family members activate p16 transcription. Senescence occurs with the inactivation of suppressor elements leading to the enhanced expression of p16.
CCM-a new low-noise charge carrier multiplier suitable for detection of charge in small pixel CCD image sensors (1992)

A new charge detection concept, useful for small pixel CCD image sensors, where the collected signal carriers are first multiplied before charge is converted into an output voltage is described. The carrier multiplication is performed in a low-noise charge carrier multiplier (CCM) which is located in a CCD channel. The multiplication occurs during the charge transfer process and is externally controllable by suitably arranged device lateral fields.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Interstitial defect reactions in silicon (1987)

Deep level transient spectroscopy has been employed in a study of impurity-interstitial defect reactions in silicon following room-temperature electron irradiation. Three defects have been isolated and identified from their reactions and electrical properties as Cs-Ci, Ci-Oi, and Ps-Ci. The Cs-Ci, ME[(0.10), (0.17)] and Ps-Ci, ME[(0.21), (0.23), (0.27), (0.30)] defects exhibit metastable structural transformations. Our results reveal the multistructural nature and chemical reactivity of the silicon self-interstitial.
Fractionation of grape seed extract and identification of gallic acid as one of the major active constituents causing growth inhibition and apoptotic death of DU145 human prostate carcinoma cells (2006)

The anti-cancer efficacy of grape seed extract (GSE) against prostate cancer (PCA) via its anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic and anti-angiogenic activities in both cell culture and animal models have recently been described by us. GSE is a complex mixture containing gallic acid (GA), catechin (C), epicatechin (EC) and several oligomers (procyanidins) of C and/or EC, some of which are esterified to GA. To determine which components are most active against PCA, an ethyl acetate extract of GSE was separated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) into three fractions. Fraction 1 was far more effective than others in causing growth inhibition and apoptotic death of human PCA DU145 cells. Of the components in this fraction, GA showed a very strong dose- and time-dependent growth inhibition and apoptotic death of DU145 cells, but C and procyanidins B1 (EC-C dimer), B2 (EC-EC dimer) and B3 (C-C dimer) were nearly ineffective. Mechanistic studies demonstrated a strong caspase-9, caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavages by GA in DU145 cells. Procyanidin oligomers eluting in HPLC Fractions 2 and 3 were obtained in larger quantities by separating GSE into eight fractions (I-VIII) on a gel filtration column. All fractions were analyzed by HPLC-UV and negative-ion electrospray mass spectrometry. Fractions I-III contained the active compound GA and inactive components C, EC, B1 and B2. Fraction IV contained other dimers and a dimer-GA ester and was also less active than GSE in DU145 cells. Fractions V-VIII, however, caused significant growth inhibition and apoptosis with the highest activity present in the later fractions that contained procyanidin trimers and GA esters of dimers and trimers. Together, these observations identify GA as one of the major active constituents in GSE. Several procyanidins, however, and especially the gallate esters of dimers and trimers also may be efficacious against PCA and merit further investigation.
Hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases. (1995)

The lack of other effective treatment for colorectal liver metastases makes hepatic resection a primary treatment consideration. Between January 1980 and December 1990, 26 selected patients with liver colorectal metastases who underwent hepatic resection were reviewed. The age, sex, site of primary lesion, histological grade, lymph node involvement, location, size, and number of hepatic metastases, type of hepatic resection, and preoperative CEA blood levels were documented. Complete removal with histologically negative resection margins were accomplished in 24 patients. The extent of resection performed was hepatic lobectomy in 12 patients. Segmentectomy in eight patients, and wedge resection in four patients. The 5-year survival rate was 30.5 per cent. Patients with metachronous metastases showed a better survival rate than those with synchronous lesions--46.6% versus 13.6% respectively (P = 0.08). None of the other factors studied showed a significant effect on survival. All patients were followed from the time of hepatic resection to the time of this study or death. During a median follow-up of 30.9 months, 20 patients developed recurrence of their disease (60 per cent in the liver). There was no perioperative mortality. Morbidity arose in 66.6 per cent of patients, with a majority of the complications being minor. We conclude that hepatic resection can be performed safely enough to be recommended in selected patients.
p53 expression is required for thymocyte apoptosis induced by adenosine deaminase deficiency. (1995)

Adenosine deaminase (ADA, EC 3.5.4.4) is a ubiquitous enzyme in the purine catabolic pathway. In contrast to the widespread tissue distribution of this enzyme, inherited ADA deficiency in human results in a tissue-specific severe combined immunodeficiency. To explain the molecular basis for this remarkable tissue specificity, we have used a genetic approach to study ADA deficiency. We demonstrate that ADA deficiency causes depletion of CD8low transitional and CD4+CD8+ double-positive thymocytes by an apoptotic mechanism. This effect is mediated by a p53-dependent pathway, since p53-deficient mice are resistant to the apoptosis induced by ADA deficiency. DNA damage, known to be caused by the abnormal accumulation of dATP in ADA deficiency, is therefore responsible for the ablation of T-cell development and for the immunodeficiency. The two thymocyte subsets most susceptible to apoptosis induced by ADA deficiency are also the two thymocyte subsets with the lowest levels of bcl-2 expression. We show that thymocytes from transgenic mice that overexpress bcl-2 in the thymus are rescued from apoptosis induced by ADA deficiency. Thus, the tissue specificity of the pathological effects of ADA deficiency is due to the low bcl-2 expression in CD8low transitional and CD4+CD8+ double-positive thymocytes.
Are GAD65 and GAD67 associated with specific pools of GABA in brain? (1998)

Brain contains at least two pools of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the transmitter pool and the so-called metabolic pool. To a large extent these pools may reflect the presence of GABA in different intracellular compartments, as immunocytochemical studies show that GABA is not localized mainly in terminals but is distributed throughout neurons. An interesting issue is the extent to which the two major forms of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65 and GAD67) are specialized to synthesize GABA for these pools. Although GAD65 and GAD67 differ significantly in several characteristics, they also have substantial similarities and interactions, and the presence of individual forms of GAD in certain cell types is consistent with the idea that GAD65 and GAD67 can each synthesize GABA for both pools. Substantial progress has been made in understanding the regulatory properties of GAD, but the available data provide little indication of how differences between the forms might enable each to serve the demands for GABA synthesis in a specific pool.