gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predictive Scheduling Framework for Electric Vehicles Considering Uncertainties of User Behaviors (2016)

The randomness of user behaviors plays a significant role in electric vehicle (EV) scheduling problems, especially when the power supply for EV supply equipment (EVSE) is limited. Existing EV scheduling methods do not consider this limitation and assume charging session parameters, such as stay duration and energy demand values, are perfectly known, which is not realistic in practice. In this paper, based on real-world implementations of networked EVSEs on University of California at Los Angeles campus, we developed a predictive scheduling framework, including a predictive control paradigm and a kernel-based session parameter estimator. Specifically, the scheduling service periodically computes for cost-efficient solutions, considering the predicted session parameters, by the adaptive kernel-based estimator with improved estimation accuracies. We also consider the power sharing strategy of existing EVSEs and formulate the virtual load constraint to handle the future EV arrivals with unexpected energy demand. To validate the proposed framework, 20-fold cross validation is performed on the historical dataset of charging behaviors for over one-year period. The simulation results demonstrate that average unit energy cost per kWh can be reduced by 29.42% with the proposed scheduling framework and 66.71% by further integrating solar generations with the given capacity, after the initial infrastructure investment. The effectiveness of kernel-based estimator, virtual load constraint, and event-based control scheme are also discussed in detail.
Will computers replace or complement the diabetes educator? (1992)

Computer programs are playing an increasingly important role in the management of diabetes and fall into various categories. Instructional programs are used to teach patients about diabetes. They cover the principles of blood glucose monitoring, diet, exercise, foot care and so on. Statistical and graphical analysis programs are used in diabetes clinics to help the physician, diabetes educator and patient detect patterns and trends in the patient's home blood glucose readings. Hand-held insulin dosage computers have been used by patients to advise them on insulin dosage adjustment on a day-to-day basis. The diabetes simulator we have recently developed allows patients to practise, and gain experience with insulin dosage adjustment; the patient decides on alterations to insulin dose, diet or the amount of exercise and the computer program demonstrates the resulting effect on blood glucose levels. Overall, computers complement and enhance, rather than replace the functions of the diabetes educator.
Pyridoxamine Traps Intermediates in Lipid Peroxidation Reactions in Vivo (2003)

Maillard or browning reactions between reducing sugars and protein lead to formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. AGE inhibitors such as aminoguanidine and pyridoxamine (PM) inhibit both the formation of AGEs and development of complications in animal models of diabetes. PM also inhibits the chemical modification of protein by advanced lipoxidation end products (ALEs) during lipid peroxidation reactions in vitro. We show here that several PM adducts, formed in incubations of PM with linoleate and arachidonate in vitro, are also excreted in the urine of PM-treated animals. The PM adducts N-nonanedioyl-PM (derived from linoleate), N-pentanedioyl-PM, N-pyrrolo-PM, and N-(2-formyl)-pyrrolo-PM (derived from arachidonate), and N-formyl-PM and N-hexanoyl-PM (derived from both fatty acids) were quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of rat urine. Levels of these adducts were increased 5-10-fold in the urine of PM-treated diabetic and hyperlipidemic rats, compared with control animals. We conclude that the PM functions, at least in part, by trapping intermediates in AGE/ALE formation and propose a mechanism for PM inhibition of AGE/ALE formation involving cleavage of alpha-dicarbonyl intermediates in glycoxidation and lipoxidation reactions. We also conclude that ALEs derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids are increased in diabetes and hyperlipidemia and may contribute to development of long term renal and vascular pathology in these diseases.
Cutting Edge: Inhibition of the Retinoid X Receptor (RXR) Blocks T Helper 2 Differentiation and Prevents Allergic Lung Inflammation (2006)

Among the many factors regulating Th cell differentiation, some nuclear hormone receptors are emerging as important players. The retinoid X receptor (RXR) functions as heterodimerization partner for a variety of nuclear hormone receptors. We show in this study that RXR is critical for Th2-mediated immunity. An RXR antagonist inhibited Th2 differentiation, resulting in reduced production of IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13, whereas IFN-gamma production was enhanced. This effect was dependent on the presence of APCs. In addition, IL-5 production was blocked directly in Th cells. In vivo, inhibition of RXR prevented experimentally induced allergic lung inflammation. Th1-mediated inflammation was not affected. Its specific role in Th2-mediated inflammation makes RXR a promising target for the development of therapies against diseases such as allergic asthma and atopic dermatitis.
An infectious chimeric human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) expressing the HIV-1 principal neutralizing determinant (1995)

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strain MN (HIV-1MN) principal neutralizing determinant (PND, V3 loop) was introduced into infectious molecular clones HIV-2KR and simian immunodeficiency virus mm239 (SIVmm239) by hybridization PCR, replacing the corresponding HIV-2 or SIV envelope cysteine loops with the HIV-1 coding sequence. The HIV-2 chimera (HIV-2KR-MNV3) was found to be capable of infecting a number of T-cell lymphoblastic cell lines as well as primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In contrast, the SIV chimera (SIV239MNV3) was not replication competent. Envelope produced by HIV-2KR-MNV3 but not the parental HIV-2KR was recognized by V3-specific and HIV-1-specific polyclonal antisera in radioimmunoprecipitation assays. HIV-2-specific antisera recognized both the chimeric and parental virus but not HIV-1MN. The chimeric HIV-2KR-MNV3 virus proved to be exquisitely susceptible to neutralization by HIV-1-specific and V3-specific antisera, suggesting the potential for use in animal models designed to test HIV-1 vaccine candidates which target the PND.
Combinatorial protein engineering by incremental truncation (1999)

We have developed a combinatorial approach, using incremental truncation libraries of overlapping N- and C-terminal gene fragments, that examines all possible bisection points within a given region of an enzyme that will allow the conversion of a monomeric enzyme into its functional heterodimer. This general method for enzyme bisection will have broad applications in the engineering of new catalytic functions through domain swapping and chemical synthesis of modified peptide fragments and in the study of enzyme evolution and protein folding. We have tested this methodology on Escherichia coli glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (PurN) and, by genetic selection, identified PurN heterodimers capable of glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylation. Two were chosen for physical characterization and were found to be comparable to the wild-type PurN monomer in terms of stability to denaturation, activity, and binding of substrate and cofactor. Sequence analysis of 18 randomly chosen, active PurN heterodimers revealed that the breakpoints primarily clustered in loops near the surface of the enzyme, that the breaks could result in the deletion of highly conserved residues and, most surprisingly, that the active site could be bisected.
Characterization of Covalent-Reversible EGFR Inhibitors (2017)

Within the spectrum of kinase inhibitors, covalent-reversible inhibitors (CRIs) provide a valuable alternative approach to classical covalent inhibitors. This special class of inhibitors can be optimized for an extended drug-target residence time. For CRIs, it was shown that the fast addition of thiols to electron-deficient olefins leads to a covalent bond that can break reversibly under proteolytic conditions. Research groups are just beginning to include CRIs in their arsenal of compound classes, and, with that, the understanding of this interesting set of chemical warheads is growing. However, systems to assess both characteristics of the covalent-reversible bond in a simple experimental setting are sparse. Here, we have developed an efficient methodology to characterize the covalent and reversible properties of CRIs and to investigate their potential in targeting clinically relevant variants of the receptor tyrosine kinase EGFR.
Validation of an Embryotoxicity Assay (1995)

The critical step in maintaining low variability in this bioassay is to control mouse variability by averaging the percentage atresia from different mice as embryo donors for each tested serum. A subgroup of 24% (23/95) RSA patients who displayed embryotoxic activity was identified with a specificity of 95% and positive predictive value of 83%, P = 0.001.
Genetic analysis of dorsoventral pattern formation in the zebrafish: requirement of a BMP-like ventralizing activity and its dorsal repressor. (1996)

According to a model based on embryological studies in amphibia, dorsoventral patterning is regulated by the antagonizing function of ventralizing bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and dorsalizing signals generated by Spemann's organizer. Large-scale mutant screens in the zebrafish, Danio rerio, have led to the isolation of two classes of recessive lethal mutations affecting early dorsoventral pattern formation. dino mutant embryos are ventralized, whereas swirl mutants are dorsalized. We show that at early gastrula stages, dino and swirl mutants display an expanded or reduced Bmp4 expression, respectively. The dino and swirl mutant phenotypes both can be phenocopied and rescued by the modulation of BMP signaling in wild-type and mutant embryos. By suppressing BMP signaling in dino mutants, adult fertile dino -/- fish were generated. These findings, together with results from the analysis of dino-swirl double mutants, indicate that dino fulfills its dorsalizing activity via a suppression of swirl-dependent, BMP-like ventralizing activities. Finally, cell transplantation experiments show that dino is required on the dorsal side of early gastrula embryos and acts in a non-cell-autonomous fashion. Together, these results provide genetic evidence in support of a mechanism of early dorsoventral patterning that is conserved among vertebrate and invertebrate embryos.
Epitaxial growth of cubic AlN films on (100) and (111) silicon by pulsed laser ablation (1995)

Epitaxial growth of cubic AlN thin films on (100) and (111) silicon substrates by pulsed laser ablation is reported. The epitaxial AlN films can be grown at temperatures above 630 °C in 100–300 mTorr of N2. The epitaxial orientation relationships are (100)AlN//(100)Si and [010]AlN//[010]Si, and (111)AlN//(111)Si and [011̄]AlN//[011̄]Si. The growth of microtwins on (111) planes of AlN was also observed. In the present study, for the AlN thin films grown on (100)Si at around 680 °C in 100 mTorr of N2, the epitaxial growth can cover about 90% of the film region.
Effects of plasma viscosity modulation on cardiac function during moderate hemodilution (2010)

<b>Background</b> : Previous studies have found that increasing plasma viscosity as whole blood viscosity decrease has beneficial effects in microvascular hemodynamics. As the heart couples with systemic vascular network, changes in plasma and blood viscosity during hemodilution determine vascular pressure drop and flow rate, which influence cardiac function. This study aimed to investigate how changes in plasma viscosity affect on cardiac function during acute isovolemic hemodilution. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Plasma viscosity was modulated by hemodilution of 40% of blood volume with three different plasma expanders (PEs). Dextran 2000 kDa (Dx2M, 6.3 cP) and dextran 70 kDa (Dx70, 3.0 cP) were used as high and moderate viscogenic PEs, respectively. Polyethylene glycol conjugated with human serum albumin (PEG-HSA, 2.2 cP) was used as low viscogenic PE. The cardiac function was assessed using a miniaturized pressure-volume conductance catheter. <b>Results:</b> After hemodilution, pressure dropped to 84%, 79%, and 78% of baseline for Dx2M, Dx70 and PEG-HSA, respectively. Cardiac output markedly increased for Dx2M and PEG-HSA. Dx2M significantly produced higher stroke work relative to baseline and compared to Dx70. <b>Conclusion:</b> Acute hemodilution with PEG-HSA without increasing plasma viscosity provided beneficial effects on cardiac function compared to Dx70, and similar to those measured with Dx2M. Potentially negative effects of increasing peripheral vascular resistance due to the increase in plasma viscosity were prevented.
Perturbations in the erythroid marrow progenitor cell pools may play a role in the augmentation of HbF by 5-azacytidine (1984)

Abstract In vivo observations on the kinetics of F cells and of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) synthesis and in vitro studies of erythroid progenitors, their number, and the gamma-gene expression in their progeny were carried out in baboons (Papio cynocephalus) treated with 5-azacytidine. Maximum effect on the increase of HbF production in vivo was observed only when an expanded erythroid marrow population was present. In these animals, as well as in normal animals, treatment resulted in a significant reduction of the late erythroid progenitor cell pools (erythroid clusters and erythroid colony-forming units, CFU-E) in the marrow. This reduction was more pronounced among those progenitors grown in the absence of added erythropoietin, and it was followed by a rebound a few days after treatment cessation, reflecting the accumulation of regenerating progenitors. An early increase in the in vitro synthesis of HbF in erythroid clusters and CFU-E colonies was observed. This increase was further documented at the cellular level, with immunofluorescent labeling of colonies with monoclonal anti-gamma- globin chain antibodies. In contrast to the findings in late progenitors, the number of erythroid burst-forming unit (BFU-E) colonies and the synthesis of HbF in these colonies was not influenced significantly by 5-azacytidine treatment. It is proposed that the toxic effects of 5-azacytidine on late progenitors, leading to faster mobilization of earlier progenitors to the next more mature compartment, play a role in the in vivo augmentation of HbF synthesis by this drug. This perturbation in the progenitor cell population kinetics and the presumed hypomethylation of the surviving differentiating cells may act synergistically to produce a maximum HbF response after 5-azacytidine treatment.
Familial cerebellar ataxia with muscle coenzyme Q10 deficiency (2001)

Primary CoQ10 deficiency is a potentially important cause of familial ataxia and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of this condition because CoQ10 administration seems to improve the clinical picture.
5-Phenyl-3-ureidobenzazepin-2-ones as Cholecystokinin-B Receptor Antagonists (1994)

A series of 5-phenyl-3-ureidobenzazepin-2-one cholecystokinin-B (CCK-B) receptor antagonists was synthesized using Beckmann ring expansion of a suitable 4-phenyl-1-tetralone as a key step. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed the importance of the 5-phenyl group for potent and selective CCK-B affinity. Addition of an 8-methyl substituent and resolution provided the potent (CCK-B IC50 = 0.48 nM) CCK-B antagonist 4. The role of the 5-phenyl group as part of a "privileged structure" for high-affinity receptor antagonism is discussed.
A Comparison of the Immunomodulating Properties of Two Forms of Monophosphory1 Lipid A Analogues (1991)

This investigation compared the immunomodulating activities of two forms monophosphoryl lipid A, which are analogues of bacterial lipopolysaccharides with little or no toxicity. Tested were a synthetic compound designated 504 and a purified compound, isolated from bacterial cell walls designated MPL. Both of these clinical adjuvant candidates were effective in mice in exerting strong immunomodulating activity in the following areas: (a) enhancing antibody production in young and aging mice; (b) suppressing antibody formation under different experimental conditions; (c) activating macrophages to secrete interleukin 1, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anion; and (d) stimulating proliferation of spleen cells from C3H/HeN mice. Both exhibited considerably reduced toxicity in LD50 assays when compared to native lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The LD50 for MPL was 225 times and that of compound 504, 40 times that of native LPS in the exquisitely sensitive, galactosamine-loaded C57BL/6 murine strain.
ChemInform Abstract: Ca18.75Li10.5 [Al39N55]:Eu2+ — Supertetrahedron Phosphor for Solid‐State Lighting. (2016)

Abstract Ca 18.75 Li 10.5 [Al 39 N 55 ]:Eu 2+ (0.5 mol%) is prepared by hot pressing of stoichiometric amounts of Li 3 N, CaH 2 , AlN, and EuF 3 (Mo‐lined corundum crucibles in an isostatic press, 51.7 MPa N 2 , 1250 °C, 5 h).
Efficacy Of High-Titer Live Attenuated Varicella Vaccine In Healthy Young Children (1996)

The efficacy of a high-titer, reformulated varicella vaccine was studied in 513 10- to 30-month-old children. Vaccinees were randomly allocated to 5 groups to receive one of two lots of an original high-titer vaccine, one of two lots of a partially heat-inactivated vaccine, or placebo. Both vaccines were well tolerated. Seroconversion was detected in 100% and 99% of children immunized with the high- and low-titer vaccines, respectively. Sixty-five cases of serologically confirmed varicella-like disease were discovered during follow-up (mean, 29.3 months): 5 in the high-titer vaccine group, 19 in the low-titer vaccine group, and 41 in the placebo group (P < or = .005 for each difference). Thus, the protective efficacy of live attenuated varicella vaccine is dependent on vaccine titer. High-titer varicella vaccine induces excellent protection in healthy young children.
Methylation mediated silencing of TMS1 in breast cancer and its potential contribution to docetaxel cytotoxicity. (2009)

The TMS1 promoter was unmethylated in ZR75-1, MB-231 and MCF7 cells which expressed the gene and partially methylated in SKBR3 and Hs578t cells in which TMS1 expression was down-regulated. Treatment of SKBR3 and Hs578t cells with demethylating agents resulted in reactivation of the TMS1 gene. Pretreatment with 5-azacytidine increased sensitivity to docetaxel treatment in SKBR3 and Hs578t cells, indicating that TMS1 reactivation in these cells may contribute to docetaxel sensitivity.
Gene Expression in Mice After High Efficiency Retroviral-Mediated Gene Transfer (1985)

A retroviral expression vector (N2) containing the selectable gene, neoR, has been used to determine the optimal conditions for infecting murine hematopoietic progenitor cells at high efficiency. After infected bone marrow cells were introduced into lethally irradiated mice, the presence, stability, and expression of the vector DNA sequences were analyzed either in individual spleen foci 10 days later or in the blood, bone marrow, and spleens of mice 4 months later. When bone marrow cells were cultured in medium containing virus with titers of more than 10(6) colony-forming units per milliliter in the presence of purified murine interleukin-3, more than 85 percent of the resulting foci contained vector DNA. This proviral vector DNA was intact. Efficient expression of the neoR gene was demonstrated in most of the DNA-positive foci examined. The spleens of reconstituted animals (over a long term) contained intact "vector DNA" and the blood and bone marrow expressed the neoR gene in some animals. Thus, a retroviral vector can be used to introduce intact exogenous DNA sequences into hematopoietic stem cells with high efficiency and with substantial expression.
Thermodynamic constraints shape the structure of carbon fixation pathways (2012)

Thermodynamics impose a major constraint on the structure of metabolic pathways. Here, we use carbon fixation pathways to demonstrate how thermodynamics shape the structure of pathways and determine the cellular resources they consume. We analyze the energetic profile of prototypical reactions and show that each reaction type displays a characteristic change in Gibbs energy. Specifically, although carbon fixation pathways display a considerable structural variability, they are all energetically constrained by two types of reactions: carboxylation and carboxyl reduction. In fact, all adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules consumed by carbon fixation pathways - with a single exception - are used, directly or indirectly, to power one of these unfavorable reactions. When an indirect coupling is employed, the energy released by ATP hydrolysis is used to establish another chemical bond with high energy of hydrolysis, e.g. a thioester. This bond is cleaved by a downstream enzyme to energize an unfavorable reaction. Notably, many pathways exhibit reduced ATP requirement as they couple unfavorable carboxylation or carboxyl reduction reactions to exergonic reactions other than ATP hydrolysis. In the most extreme example, the reductive acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) pathway bypasses almost all ATP-consuming reactions. On the other hand, the reductive pentose phosphate pathway appears to be the least ATP-efficient because it is the only carbon fixation pathway that invests ATP in metabolic aims other than carboxylation and carboxyl reduction. Altogether, our analysis indicates that basic thermodynamic considerations accurately predict the resource investment required to support a metabolic pathway and further identifies biochemical mechanisms that can decrease this requirement.
Omega 3 fatty acid research (2006)

Preface Principles for the Analysis of Omege-3 Fatty Acids Conjugated Linoleic Acid: An Anticancer Fatty Acid Found in Milk and Meat Association of Pro-and Anti-inflammatory Cytokine Genotypes with the Response of Advanced Atherosclerotic Plaque Composition to Dietary n-3 and n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation Effects of Biological and Technological Factors on the Utility of Fish as a Source of n-3 PUFA Kinetic Analysis of Autoxidative Docasahexaenoate Triglyceride in the Presence of Rosemary Extract with Oxygen Sensor The Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Immune Development and Allergy Prevention Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Affective and Psychotic Disorders Metabolism and Functions of Omega-3 Fatty Acids during Development of the Avian Embryo Effect of Dietary Omega-3Fatty Acids on Meat Quality of Pigs and Poultry Effect of Dietary Supplementation of DHA on Peroxidisability of Rat Retina Effects of Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid on Spatial Cognition of Normal and Alzheimers Disease Model Rats Index.
The architecture of a Gb/s multimedia protocol adapter (1993)

In this paper a new multiprocessor--based communication adapter is presented. The adapter architecture supports isochronous multimedia traffic and asynchronous data traffic by handling them separately. The adapter architecture and its components are explained and the protocol processing performance for TCP/IP and for ST-II is evaluated. The architecture supports the processing of ST-II at the network speed of 622 Mb/s. The calculated performance for TCP/IP is more than 30000 segments/sec. The architecture can be extended to protocol processing at one Gb/s.