gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple regression genetic programming (2014)

We propose a new means of executing a genetic program which improves its output quality. Our approach, called Multiple Regression Genetic Programming (MRGP) decouples and linearly combines a program's subexpressions via multiple regression on the target variable. The regression yields an alternate output: the prediction of the resulting multiple regression model. It is this output, over many fitness cases, that we assess for fitness, rather than the program's execution output. MRGP can be used to improve the fitness of a final evolved solution. On our experimental suite, MRGP consistently generated solutions fitter than the result of competent GP or multiple regression. When integrated into GP, inline MRGP, on the basis of equivalent computational budget, outperforms competent GP while also besting post-run MRGP. Thus MRGP's output method is shown to be superior to the output of program execution and it represents a practical, cost neutral, improvement to GP.
Application of Solution-Phase Parallel Synthesis to Preparation of Trisubstituted 1,2,4-Triazoles (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReportNEXTApplication of Solution-Phase Parallel Synthesis to Preparation of Trisubstituted 1,2,4-TriazolesScott W. Martin, Jeffrey L. Romine, Ling Chen, Gail Mattson, Ildiko A. Antal-Zimanyi, and Graham S. PoindexterView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492 Cite this: J. Comb. Chem. 2004, 6, 1, 35–37Publication Date (Web):November 19, 2003Publication History Received19 June 2003Published online19 November 2003Published inissue 1 January 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cc034018shttps://doi.org/10.1021/cc034018sbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views478Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Chemical reactions,Chemical synthesis,Receptors,Triazole Get e-Alerts
Dark CO2 Fixation and its Role in the Growth of Plant Tissue (1966)

Experiments were designed to determine the significance of dark CO(2) fixation in excised maize roots, carrot slices and excised tomato roots grown in tissue culture. Bicarbonate-(14)C was used to determine the pathway and amounts of CO(2) fixation, while leucine-(14)C was used to estimate protein synthesis in tissues aerated with various levels of CO(2).Organic acids were labeled from bicarbonate-(14)C, with malate being the major labeled acid. Only glutamate and aspartate were labeled in the amino acid fraction and these 2 amino acids comprised over 90% of the (14)C label in the ethanol-water insoluble residue.Studies with leucine-(14)C as an indicator of protein synthesis in carrot slices and tomato roots showed that those tissues aerated with air incorporated 33% more leucine-(14)C into protein than those aerated with CO(2)-free air. Growth of excised tomato roots aerated with air was 50% more than growth of tissue aerated with CO(2)-free air. These studies are consistent with the suggestion that dark fixation of CO(2) is involved in the growth of plant tissues.
Performance of space-division multiple-access (SDMA) with scheduling (2002)

Efficient exploitation of spatial diversity is fundamentally important to resource critical wireless applications (Tsoulos 1999). In this paper, we first study the performance of intelligent scheduling for space-division multiple-access (SDMA) wireless networks (Suard 1998, Farsakh 1998). Based on the existing scheme, we propose a new medium access protocol (MAC) for multimedia SDMA/time-division multiple-access (TDMA) packet networks (Xu 1994, Ward 1993). The improved protocol performs scheduling based on users' spatial characteristics and quality-of-service parameters to achieve throughput multiplication and packet delay reduction. Performance of SDMA with scheduling is evaluated under mixed audio and data traffic patterns and results show that significant improvement in network performance can be achieved under the new protocol.
MultiWOZ - A Large-Scale Multi-Domain Wizard-of-Oz Dataset for Task-Oriented Dialogue Modelling (2018)

Paweł Budzianowski, Tsung-Hsien Wen, Bo-Hsiang Tseng, Iñigo Casanueva, Stefan Ultes, Osman Ramadan, Milica Gašić. Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. 2018.
Efficiency of utilization of the simian virus 40 late polyadenylation site: effects of upstream sequences. (1989)

The late polyadenylation signal of simian virus 40 functions with greater efficiency than the early polyadenylation signal, in turn affecting steady-state mRNA levels. Two chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) transient expression vectors, pL-EPA and pL-LPA, that differ only in their polyadenylation signals were constructed by using the early and late polyadenylation signals, respectively. In transfections of Cos, CV-1P, or HeLa cells and subsequent Northern blot analysis of CAT-specific RNA, approximately five times more steady-state CAT mRNA was produced in transfections with pL-LPA than with pL-EPA. The basis for this difference was not related to the specific promoter used or to RNA stability. Overall, the difference in steady-state mRNA levels derived from the two plasmids appeared to be attributable to intrinsic properties of the two polyadenylation signals, resulting in distinctly different cleavage and polyadenylation efficiencies. Additionally, we found that the utilization of the late polyadenylation site was dramatically reduced by deletion of sequences between 48 and 29 nucleotides 5' of the AAUAAA hexanucleotide. This reduction of mRNA levels was shown not to be caused by altered stability of mutant precursor RNAs or mRNAs, suggesting that these upstream sequences constitute an element of the late polyadenylation signal and may cause, at least to some extent, the greater efficiency of utilization of the late polyadenylation site.
Chronic Kidney Disease Causes Defects in Signaling through the Insulin Receptor Substrate/Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Pathway (2006)

Complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD) include depressed responses to insulin/IGF-1 and accelerated muscle proteolysis as a result of activation of caspase-3 and the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Experimentally, proteolysis in muscle cells occurs when there is suppression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) activity. Postreceptor signaling through the insulin receptor substrate (IRS)/PI3-K/Akt pathway was evaluated in muscles of acidotic, CKD and pair-fed control rats under physiologic conditions and in response to a dose of insulin that quickly stimulated the pathway. Basal IRS-1-associated PI3-K activity was suppressed by CKD; IRS-2-associated PI3-K activity was increased. The basal level of activated Akt in CKD muscles also was low, indicating that the higher IRS-2-associated PI3-K activity did not compensate for the reduced IRS-1-associated PI3-K activity. Insulin treatment overcame this abnormality. The low IRS-1-associated PI3-K activity in muscle was not due to a decrease in IRS-1 protein, but there was a higher amount of the PI3-K p85 subunit protein without a concomitant increase in the p110 catalytic subunit, offering a potential explanation for the lower IRS-1-associated PI3-K activity. Eliminating the acidosis of CKD partially corrected the decrease in basal IRS-1-associated PI3-K activity and protein degradation in muscle. It is concluded that in CKD, acidosis and an increase in the PI3-K p85 subunit are mechanisms that contribute to suppression of PI3-K activity in muscle, and this leads to accelerated muscle proteolysis.
Risk Factors in Dengue Shock Syndrome (1997)

Despite a growing body of evidence predominantly, but not exclusively, from Thailand suggesting that the risk of developing dengue shock syndrome (DSS) is greatest following an anamnestic dengue infection, particularly if the most recent infection was with dengue 2 virus, there continues to be debate about the justification for these claims. This report describes a five-year, prospective study in two townships (suburbs) in Yangon (Rangoon) Myanmar (Burma) in which attempts were made to confirm the data from an earlier prospective study in Thailand and to address some of the criticism of earlier studies. This investigation found the incidence of anamnestic dengue infections in DSS patients to be significantly higher than in the community from which they were drawn and a significantly higher risk of developing DSS following an anamnestic infection (particularly with dengue 2 virus) than following a primary infection with any serotype.
Five Orders-of-Magnitude Enhancement of Two-Photon Absorption for Dyes on Silver Nanoparticle Fractal Clusters (2002)

Strong enhancement of the two-photon absorption of organic molecules near silver nanoparticle fractal clusters has been observed and has been exploited to yield composite materials with very strong two-photon absorption and two-photon-excited fluorescence properties. Measurements on cluster films coated with chromophoric polymer or with thiol-bound chromophores give spatially-averaged enhancements of 1000 and 20 000, respectively. Two-photon fluorescence microscopy studies show that the enhancements are spatially inhomogeneous, with peak-enhancement factors of ≥ 10 000 (polymer/cluster) and ≥ 160 000 (thiol chromophore/cluster), and excitation frequency dependent. These results are in accord with theoretical predictions of local-field effects due to strong localization of collective plasmon modes in fractal metal clusters, and demonstrate an approach to ultrasensitive two-photon processes.
Redesigning photosynthesis to sustainably meet global food and bioenergy demand (2015)

The world's crop productivity is stagnating whereas population growth, rising affluence, and mandates for biofuels put increasing demands on agriculture. Meanwhile, demand for increasing cropland competes with equally crucial global sustainability and environmental protection needs. Addressing this looming agricultural crisis will be one of our greatest scientific challenges in the coming decades, and success will require substantial improvements at many levels. We assert that increasing the efficiency and productivity of photosynthesis in crop plants will be essential if this grand challenge is to be met. Here, we explore an array of prospective redesigns of plant systems at various scales, all aimed at increasing crop yields through improved photosynthetic efficiency and performance. Prospects range from straightforward alterations, already supported by preliminary evidence of feasibility, to substantial redesigns that are currently only conceptual, but that may be enabled by new developments in synthetic biology. Although some proposed redesigns are certain to face obstacles that will require alternate routes, the efforts should lead to new discoveries and technical advances with important impacts on the global problem of crop productivity and bioenergy production.
Contribution of cathepsin L to secretome composition and cleavage pattern of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (2011)

The endolysosomal cysteine endoprotease cathepsin L is secreted from cells in a variety of pathological conditions such as cancer and arthritis. We compared the secretome composition and extracellular proteolytic cleavage events in cell supernatants of cathepsin L-deficient and wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Quantitative proteomic comparison of cell conditioned media indicated that cathepsin L deficiency affects, albeit in a limited manner, the abundances of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, signaling proteins, and further proteases as well as endogenous protease inhibitors. Immunodetection corroborated that cathepsin L deficiency results in decreased abundance of the ECM protein periostin and elevated abundance of matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-2. While mRNA levels of MMP-2 were not affected by cathepsin L ablation, periostin mRNA levels were reduced, potentially indicating a downstream effect. To characterize cathepsin L contribution to extracellular proteolysis, we performed terminal amine isotopic labeling of substrates (TAILS), an N-terminomic technique for the identification and quantification of native and proteolytically generated protein N-termini. TAILS identified >1500 protein N-termini. Cathepsin L deficiency predominantly reduced the magnitude of collagenous cleavage sites C-terminal to a proline residue. This contradicts cathepsin L active site specificity and indicates altered activity of further proteases as a result of cathepsin L ablation.
Detection of two alternative bcr/abl mRNA junctions and minimal residual disease in Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myelogenous leukemia by polymerase chain reaction (1989)

The Philadelphia (Ph′) chromosome in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) results in fusion of the bcr gene and c-abl oncogene, which transcribes into two types of chimeric bcr/abl mRNAs: the L-6 junction and the K-28 junction. By means of a highly sensitive assay, combination of reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR), we analyzed 38 blood samples obtained from 31 patients with Ph′-positive CML and two patients with Ph′-negative bcr rearranged CML. Among the 21 samples obtained in chronic phase, eight patients had the L-6 mRNA, 11 had the K-28 mRNA, and two had both the L-6 and K-28 mRNAs. Among the nine samples obtained in blast crisis, four contained the L-6 mRNA, two contained the K-28 mRNA, and three contained both the K-28 and L-6 mRNAs. This finding supports the concept of alternative splicing of bcr/abl mRNAs transcribed in Ph′-positive CML. However, it appears to be a rare event. Of the eight samples obtained from eight patients who had achieved complete cytogenetic remission and negativity for bcr region rearrangement for 6 months to 3 years after recombinant alpha interferon (r alpha-IFN) therapy, all of them showed evidence of minimal residual Ph′-positive clones as detected by the RT/PCR assay. This finding suggests that interferon therapy suppresses the proliferation of the Ph′-positive clones, but it does not completely eradicate the Ph′-positive stem cells.
Aggregation-induced emissions of tetraphenylethene derivatives and their utilities as chemical vapor sensors and in organic light-emitting diodes (2007)

Nonemissive tetraphenylethene (TPE) 1 and its diphenylated derivative 2 were induced to emit intensely by aggregate formation. Crystalline aggregates of the dyes emitted bluer lights than their amorphous counterparts. The emissions of the TPE dyes could be switched off and on continuously and reversibly by wetting and dewetting with solvent vapors, respectively, manifesting their ability to optically sense volatile organic compounds. The light-emitting diodes fabricated from 1 and 2 were turned on at ∼2.9 and ∼5V and emitted blue lights with maximum luminance of ∼1800 and ∼11000cd∕m2, respectively.
Methanogenesis by Methanosarcina acetivorans involves two structurally and functionally distinct classes of heterodisulfide reductase (2009)

Biochemical studies have revealed two distinct classes of Coenzyme B-Coenzyme M heterodisulfide (CoB-S-S-CoM) reductase (Hdr), a key enzyme required for anaerobic respiration in methane-producing archaea. A cytoplasmic HdrABC enzyme complex is found in most methanogens, whereas a membrane-bound HdrED complex is found exclusively in members of the order Methanosarcinales. Unexpectedly, genomic data indicate that multiple copies of both Hdr classes are found in all sequenced Methanosarcinales genomes. The Methanosarcina acetivorans hdrED1 operon is constitutively expressed and required for viability under all growth conditions examined, consistent with HdrED being the primary Hdr. HdrABC appears to be specifically involved in methylotrophic methanogenesis, based on reduced growth and methanogenesis rates of an hdrA1C1B1 mutant on methylotrophic substrates and downregulation of the genes during growth on acetate. This conclusion is further supported by phylogenetic analysis showing that the presence of hdrA1 in an organism is specifically correlated with the presence of genes for methylotrophic methanogenesis. Examination of mRNA abundance in methanol-grown Delta hdrA1C1B1 strains relative to wild-type revealed upregulation of genes required for synthesis of (di)methylsulfide and for transport and biosynthesis of CoB-SH and CoM-SH, suggesting that the mutant has a defect in electron transfer from ferredoxin to CoB-S-S-CoM that causes cofactor limitation.
Use of mesenchymal stem cells to treat liver fibrosis: Current situation and future prospects (2015)

Progressive liver fibrosis is a major health issue for which no effective treatment is available, leading to cirrhosis and orthotopic liver transplantation. However, organ shortage is a reality. Hence, there is an urgent need to find alternative therapeutic strategies. Cell-based therapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may represent an attractive therapeutic option, based on their immunomodulatory properties, their potential to differentiate into hepatocytes, allowing the replacement of damaged hepatocytes, their potential to promote residual hepatocytes regeneration and their capacity to inhibit hepatic stellate cell activation or induce their apoptosis, particularly via paracrine mechanisms. The current review will highlight recent findings regarding the input of MSC-based therapy for the treatment of liver fibrosis, from in vitro studies to pre-clinical and clinical trials. Several studies have shown the ability of MSCs to reduce liver fibrosis and improve liver function. However, despite these promising results, some limitations need to be considered. Future prospects will also be discussed in this review.
Uninterrupted portable car navigation system using GPS, map and inertial sensors data (2009)

This paper presents the development of car navigation system for portable navigation devices and car telematics applications. The objective was to develop a system that can provide uninterrupted reliable navigation even when GPS signals are not available. The approach uses digital maps, 3D accelerometer and one gyro for directional measurements to improve positioning availability and reliability in weak signal environment and during short GPS signal outages. This system does not require vehicle installation and can be easily transferred between vehicles. Loosely coupled extended Kalman filter and probabilistic map-matching algorithm provide optimally tuned navigation solution and continuous auto calibration of inertial sensors. A real-time prototype was built. The system accuracy performance was investigated using field tests in an urban environment.
Characterization of the binding of 3,3′-di-iodo-l-thyronine to rat liver mitochondria (1997)

The binding of labelled 3,3'-di-iodo-L-thyronine (3,3'-T2) to isolated rat liver mitochondria has been characterized. Specific binding could be detected only in the inner mitochondrial membrane, not in other mitochondrial subfractions. The composition of the incubation medium influenced the binding capacity, the best combination of high specific binding and low non-specific binding being observed in phosphate buffer, pH 6.4. The specific binding of 3,3'-T2 to mitochondria requires low ionic strength: concentrations of K+ and Na+ higher than 10 mmol/l and 0.1 mmol/l respectively resulted in a decreased binding capacity. The optimal calcium ion concentration was in the range 0.01-1.0 mmol/l. Varying magnesium ion, over the range of concentrations used (0.1-100 mmol/l), had no effect. Both ADP and ATP, at over 1 mmol/l, resulted in an inhibition of the specific binding. Incubation with protease resulted in a decrease in specific binding and an increase in non-specific binding, thus indicating the proteic nature of the binding sites. In addition to the above factors in the local environment the thyroid state of the animal might influence the 3,3'-T2-binding capacity. In fact, the thyroid state of the animal seemed not to have an influence on the affinity constant, but it did affect binding capacity.
Novel mutation in the ATP‐binding site of the MET oncogene tyrosine kinase in a HPRCC family (1999)

Germline mutations in the tyrosine-kinase domain of the MET proto-oncogene were found in patients suffering from the hereditary predisposition to develop multiple papillary renal-cell carcinomas (hereditary PRCC, HPRCC). PRCCs are often multiple and bilateral even in patients without a family history. We analyzed the germline of patients carrying multiple or single papillary tumors with and without family history. One patient had a familial cancer and carried a novel (V1110I) germline MET mutation, located in MET gene exon 16. This mis-sense mutation was found in affected members of this patient's family. Interestingly, the V1110I mutation is located in the ATP-binding site of the MET kinase and is homologous to the V157I mutation that triggers the sarcomagenic potential of the v-erbB oncogene. The V1110I mutated MET receptor is an active kinase and transforms NIH-3T3 fibroblasts in the in vitro assays. Patients without familiality did not show germline mutations in the MET kinase domain, showing that multiple and bilateral papillary kidney tumors develop in the absence of these mutations. In conclusion, we describe a new mutation in the MET oncogene kinase domain, associated to HPRCC, affecting an amino-acid residue critical for kinase activation in different oncogenes. Int. J. Cancer 82:640–643, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein Interacts with Type IX Collagen, and Disruptions to These Interactions Identify a Pathogenetic Mechanism in a Bone Dysplasia Family (2001)

Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and type IX collagen are key structural components of the cartilage extracellular matrix and have important roles in tissue development and homeostasis. Mutations in the genes encoding these glycoproteins result in two related human bone dysplasias, pseudoachondroplasia and multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, which together comprise a "bone dysplasia family." It has been proposed that these diseases have a similar pathophysiology, which is highlighted by the fact that mutations in either the COMP or the type IX collagen genes produce multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, suggesting that their gene products interact. To investigate the interactions between COMP and type IX collagen, we have used rotary shadowing electron microscopy and real time biomolecular (BIAcore) analysis. Analysis of COMP-type IX collagen complexes demonstrated that COMP interacts with type IX collagen through the noncollagenous domains of type IX collagen and the C-terminal domain of COMP. Furthermore, peptide mapping identified a putative collagen-binding site that is associated with known human mutations. These data provide evidence that disruptions to COMP-type IX collagen interactions define a pathogenetic mechanism in a bone dysplasia family.