gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and their management. (2009)

Available literature suggests that BPSD can manifest in multiple ways; the common components are of behavioral, affective, psychotic and somatic in nature. There are specific rating scales for assessing BPSD; however, there is need for developing cross-culturally validated instruments. Nonpharmacological interventions are preferred as first line, which mainly include environmental modification, social interactions, minimizing effect of sensory deficits and behavioral interventions. The judicious use of medications such as cognitive enhancers, atypical antipsychotics and antidepressants has been suggested in acute, emergent situations or when BPSD do not respond to other interventions. There is a research need to address etiologies, social and economic impact of BPSD, efficacy of pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments and cost-effectiveness of these interventions.
Low-power MWIR sensor with pixel A/D achieves 32-bit quantization level at 30 fps (2006)

A digital readout for a 128X128 MWIR imaging spectrometer was developed and demonstrated in a camera system. InSb detectors were hybridized to the readout and mounted in a ceramic pin grid array package. A second order MOSAD, Multiplexed OverSample A/D, is placed at each pixel on a 40 um pitch. Double metal CMOS with 0.5 um geometry was used in the readout design. The sensor is designed to operate at up to 300 ksps. At this rate, depending on decimation, achievable dynamics ranges are, 14 bits at 4 kfps, 20 bits at 1 kps and 32 bits at 30 fps. Effective well capacity reaches 10E10 electrons at 30 fps decimation. On focal plane power consumption is under 90 milliwatts. A single 3.3 volt power supply and clock source drive the sensor. All timing and controls are derived on the sensor. The sensor hybrid was demonstrated in a pour fill dewar with f 2.3 optics. A next generation design can be built on a 10 um pixel pitch with 0.13 um CMOS to support other detector materials with the same or better performance This technology was developed under a SBIR program sponsored by US Air Force, Arnold Air Force Base.
Adaptive beamforming algorithm for OFDM systems with antenna arrays (2000)

This paper presents an adaptive beamforming algorithm for an OFDM system with an adaptive array antenna. The proposed algorithm for adaptive beamforming in the OFDM system is derived by (1) calculating the pilot error signals in the frequency domain, (2) transforming the frequency-domain error signals into time-domain error signals, (3) updating the filter coefficients of the adaptive beamformer in the direction of minimizing the MSE. The convergence behavior and performance improvement of the proposed approach are investigated through computer simulation by applying it to the conventional OFDM system.
Reversible bending and helix geometry in a B-DNA dodecamer: CGCGAATTBrCGCG. (1982)

A double-helical B-DNA dodecamer has been analyzed by single crystal x-ray diffraction methods and refined independently in four variants: sequence CGCGAATTCGCG at 20 degrees C and at 16 K, and CGCGAATTBrCGCG in 60% methylpentanediol at 20 and at 7 degrees C. The first three forms show a 14-19 degrees bend in overall helix axis, but the fourth is straight and unbent. Detailed comparisons of the various forms have led to a better understanding of helix geometry and bending. Structural principles can be understood best if organized under four headings: 1) intrinsic geometry of the sugar rings, 2) stacking and relative motion of base pairs, 3) geometry of the connecting phosphate backbone, and 4) mechanics of bending in B-DNA. The observed bending is neither completely localized nor smooth and continuous, but an intermediate compromise that can be termed "annealed kinking."
A high signal swing pass-transistor logic using surrounding gate transistor (2002)

In this paper, pass-transistor logic (PTL) using surrounding gate transistors (SGT) is reported for the first time. This SGT-based PTL brings out the latent abilities of the PTL, especially improvement of the area occupation by 74% and the power-delay product by 70% at a supply voltage of 1 V compared to bulk MOSFET-based PTL.
Amelioration of Lupus Nephritis in MRL/lpr mice by Adoptive Transfer of IgM Anti-dsDNA antibodies (50.28) (2009)

Abstract The role of IgM autoantibodies in lupus nephritis (LN) remains controversial. Our previous work with AID-deficient MRL/lpr mice demonstrated that IgM autoantibodies do not contribute to LN. In fact, these mice experienced an abrogation of LN in spite of extremely high levels of IgM autoantibodies, and their survival levels exceeded those of mice with B cells but lacking antibodies. This suggests that IgM autoantibodies may play a protective role in LN. To determine if IgM autoantibodies do in fact protect against LN and to delineate the characteristics of protective autoantibodies, MRL/lpr mice were passively transferred with serum, IgM anti-dsDNA antibodies and IgM non-autoantibodies collected/generated from AID-sufficient and -deficient MRL/lpr mice. MRL/lpr mice treated with the serum from AID-deficient MRL/lpr mice (having higher levels of IgM autoantibodies but no IgG) showed an apparent reduction in the severity of kidney disease, while the mice treated with the serum from AID-sufficient MRL/lpr mice (having both IgM and IgG autoantibodies) seemed to have increased renal impairment. MRL/lpr mice treated with Anti-dsDNA monoclonal IgM either from AID-sufficient or -deficient MRL/lpr mice displayed a reduction in the severity of kidney damage with a delayed onset of proteinuria, significantly less deposition of immune complexes, inflammatory infiltration, and apoptotic cells in the kidneys. In contrast, MRL/lpr mice treated with non-autoreactive monoclonal IgM did not seem to delay the onset of nephritis. Therefore, passive transfer of autoreactive IgM ameliorated renal impairment in MRL/lpr mice, demonstrating a protective role of IgM autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of LN. * Zhao and Jiang contributed equally to this work
CancerLocator: non-invasive cancer diagnosis and tissue-of-origin prediction using methylation profiles of cell-free DNA (2017)

We propose a probabilistic method, CancerLocator, which exploits the diagnostic potential of cell-free DNA by determining not only the presence but also the location of tumors. CancerLocator simultaneously infers the proportions and the tissue-of-origin of tumor-derived cell-free DNA in a blood sample using genome-wide DNA methylation data. CancerLocator outperforms two established multi-class classification methods on simulations and real data, even with the low proportion of tumor-derived DNA in the cell-free DNA scenarios. CancerLocator also achieves promising results on patient plasma samples with low DNA methylation sequencing coverage.
Replication of Two-Photon-Polymerized Structures with Extremely High Aspect Ratios and Large Overhangs (2004)

We demonstrate the replication of 3-D structures created with an acrylic polymer using multiphoton absorption polymerization. Microtransfer molding was used to replicate complex structures rapidly and with high fidelity, including structures that have high aspect ratios or reentrant features. It is also possible to replicate large numbers of structures simultaneously.
Complementary carrier peptide synthesis: general strategy and implications for prebiotic origin of peptide synthesis. (1979)

A method for peptide synthesis is proposed based on a template-directed scheme that parallels that of the native ribosomal mechanism. In this procedure, peptide bond formation is facilitated by the juxtaposition of aminoacyl and peptidyl oligonucleotide carriers bound adjacent to one another on an oligonucleotide template. The general strategy of the synthesis and relevant model studies are described. The scheme provides an intrinsic mechanism by which oligonucleotides can direct the synthesis of polypeptides in the absence of protein or ribosomal machinery and, as such, suggests a model for the origin of prebiotic protein synthesis.
Chlamydia trachomatis major outer membrane protein epitopes expressed as fusions with LamB in an attenuated aroA strain of Salmonella typhimurium; their application as potential immunogens (1991)

The major outer-membrane protein (MOMP) of Chlamydia trachomatis is the focus of attention for chlamydial vaccine design, particularly those serovar- and subspecies-specific epitopes which provoke neutralizing immune responses. Selected surface-exposed B-cell epitopes of MOMP, incorporating B-subspecies specificities, were expressed as fusions with LamB, an inducible outer-membrane transport protein of Escherichia coli. These recombinant chlamydial-LamB proteins were correctly transported to the outer membrane of both E. coli and an aro A mutant of Salmonella typhimurium. The immunogenicity of the constructs was investigated in a mouse model of chlamydial salpingitis. After oral immunization, recombinant S. typhimurium were recovered from the livers of mice for up to two weeks, and a serum IgG response was induced both to the Salmonella and to the inserted chlamydial epitopes. By contrast, intravenous inoculation was ineffective. Although these LamB fusions proved only weakly immunogenic, this approach should be useful for investigating the ability of attenuated S. typhimurium vaccines incorporating chlamydial epitopes to stimulate protective mucosal immunity in the mouse model of chlamydial salpingitis.
A phase 2 study of GVAX colon vaccine with cyclophosphamide and pembrolizumab in patients with mismatch repair proficient advanced colorectal cancer (2019)

GVAX/Cy plus pembrolizumab failed to meet its primary objective in MMRp CRC. Biochemical responses were observed in a subset of patients and have not previously been observed with pembrolizumab monotherapy in MMRp CRC, indicating that GVAX may modulate the antitumor immune response.
A comparison of cDNA, oligonucleotide, and Affymetrix GeneChip gene expression microarray platforms. (2004)

We have conducted a study to compare the variability in measured gene expression levels associated with three types of microarray platforms. Total RNA samples were obtained from liver tissue of four male mice, two each from inbred strains A/J and C57BL/6J. The same four samples were assayed on Affymetrix Mouse Genome Expression Set 430 GeneChips (MOE430A and MOE430B), spotted cDNA microarrays, and spotted oligonucleotide microarrays using eight arrays of each type. Variances associated with measurement error were observed to be comparable across all microarray platforms. The MOE430A GeneChips and cDNA arrays had higher precision across technical replicates than the MOE430B GeneChips and oligonucleotide arrays. The Affymetrix platform showed the greatest range in the magnitude of expression levels followed by the oligonucleotide arrays. We observed good concordance in both estimated expression level and statistical significance of common genes between the Affymetrix MOE430A GeneChip and the oligonucleotide arrays. Despite their apparently high precision, cDNA arrays showed poor concordance with other platforms.
Structural and functional analysis of the gene cluster encoding carotenoid biosynthesis inMycobacterium aurumA+ (2000)

The fragment containing the carotenoid gene cluster from Mycobacterium aurum A+, a 3,3'-dihydroxy-isoneriatene and 3-monohydroxy-isoneriatene accumulator, has been sequenced and the exposed eight genes are organised in two operons. The function of three of these genes, a phytoene desaturase (crtI), a phytoene cyclase (crtY) and a beta-carotene desaturase (crtU), was demonstrated by complementation of M. aurum carotenoid mutants. The eight genes of the carotenoid cluster are highly homologous to other carotenoid gene clusters and thus this cluster is a candidate for its introduction into mycobacteria as a non-antibiotic reporter gene(s) as well as a source of new regulated promoters.
The erg gene: a human gene related to the ets oncogene. (1987)

We have isolated a cDNA clone representing the complete coding sequence of a human gene named erg, related to the ets oncogene. Nucleotide sequence analysis of this cDNA (4.6 kilobases long) revealed that this gene encodes a 363-residue protein whose predicted amino acid sequence showed a homology of approximately equal to 40% and approximately equal to 70% to two domains corresponding to the 5' and 3' regions of v-ets oncogene, respectively. A 3.2- to 3.6-kilobase and approximately equal to 5-kilobase transcript of the erg gene, which differ in size from those of the previously described Hu-ets 1 and Hu-ets 2 genes, were observed in different cells. These results suggest that the erg gene is a member of the ets oncogene family.
Angiotensin AT 1 Receptor Inhibition (1997)

Long-term AT1-receptor blockade did not regress LVH in rats with persistent systolic pressure overload due to ascending aortic stenosis. However, both AT1-receptor blockade and amlodipine improved in vivo left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in association with the normalization of left ventricular ACE mRNA levels.
C-Terminal Region of STAT-1α Is Not Necessary for Its Ubiquitination and Degradation Caused by Mumps Virus V Protein (2002)

Constitutive levels of production of STAT-1 were reduced by 10 h postinfection (p.i.) and significantly lost by 24 h p.i. in FL cells acutely infected with mumps virus (MuV). This result was consistent with that observed in previous studies and experiments with cells persistently infected with MuV (FLMT cells). There was a marked decrease in the amount of STAT-1 in cells expressing MuV accessory protein V (MuV-V). Furthermore, single amino acid substitutions in the Cys-rich region of V protein (Vc189a, Vc207a, and Vc214a) showed that each cysteine residue plays an important role in the decrease in STAT-1 production, but substitution of a histidine residue at amino acid position 203 had no effect. These events and the resultant suppression of the alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) response were confirmed by a luciferase reporter gene assay with five tandem repeats of the IFN-alpha-stimulated response element as an enhancer element of the firely luciferase gene. STAT-1 production was restored and detectable in FLMT cells treated with a proteosome inhibitor, such as MG132 or lactacystin. In the presence of MG132, ubiquitination of STAT-1 and the interaction of MuV-V with STAT-1 were demonstrated in FLMT cells by immunoprecipitation with anti-STAT-1 antibody. The same results for the interaction and ubiquitination were obtained in experiments with an expression vector for a C-terminal deletion mutant of STAT-1. The truncated STAT-1 molecules were degraded in the presence of MuV-V. Therefore, the C-terminal region (transcriptional activation and Src homology 2 domains) of STAT-1 is not necessary for its degradation caused by MuV-V. Our data suggest that MuV-V promotes ubiquitination and degradation of STAT-1.
Generation of conditional mutants in higher eukaryotes by switching between the expression of two genes (1999)

A regulatory system for the in-depth study of gene functions in higher eukaryotic cells has been developed. It is based on the tetracycline-controlled transactivators and reverse tTA, which were remodeled to discriminate efficiently between two different promoters. The system permits one to control reversibly the activity of two genes, or two alleles of a gene, in a mutually exclusive way, and also allows one to abrogate the activities of both. This dual regulatory circuit, which can be operated by a single effector substance such as doxycycline, overcomes limitations of conventional genetic approaches. The conditional mutants that can now be generated will be useful for the study of gene function in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the system may be of value for a variety of practical applications, including gene therapy.
Modification of the Pig CFTR Gene Mediated by Small Fragment Homologous Replacement (2006)

Abstract: The generation of a pig model of cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multistep process. Initial steps in this process involved the design and cloning of a small DNA fragment (SDF) or large oligodeoxynucleotide (LODN) that contains the F508del mutation and a silent restriction fragment length polymorphism causing mutation. This SDF/LODN was transfected into wild‐type (WT) pig fetal fibroblast with the intention of modifying the pig genomic DNA by small fragment homologous replacement (SFHR). The targeted deletion (F508del) was detected in a subpopulation of transfected cells by allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction (AS‐PCR)
Recombinant apolipoprotein A-I Milano reduces intimal thickening after balloon injury in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. (1994)

Apo A-I M significantly reduced intimal thickening and macrophage content after balloon injury in cholesterol-fed rabbits without a change in arterial total cholesterol content. Although the precise mechanism of action remains to be defined, these findings are consistent with a direct vascular effect of apo A-I, which could have potential therapeutic implications.
New measurement system for fault location in optical waveguide devices based on an interferometric technique (1987)

A new measurement system for fault location in optical waveguide devices is presented. The system consists of a fiber-optic Mach-Zehnder and a bulk-type Michelson interferometers. The spatial resolution of the scatter distribution is <380 microm, which is limited by the averaging time. The minimum detectable backscattered power is -116 dB relative to the light power propagating in the waveguides. Preliminary experimental results using single-mode fibers <10 cm long are demonstrated.
Application of highly-ordered TiO2nanotube-arrays in heterojunction dye-sensitized solar cells (2006)

Highly-ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays are made by potentiostatic anodization of a titanium film in a fluoride containing electrolyte. Here we describe the application of this unique material architecture in both front-side and back-side illuminated dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The back-side illuminated solar cells are based on the use of 6.2 µm long (110 nm pore diameter, 20 nm wall thickness) highly-ordered nanotube-array films made by anodization of a 250 µm thick Ti foil in a KF electrolyte. Front-side illuminated solar cells use a negative electrode composed of optically transparent nanotube arrays, approximately 3600 nm in length (46 nm pore diameter, 17 nm wall thickness), grown on a fluorine doped tin oxide coated glass substrate by anodic oxidation of a previously deposited RF-sputtered titanium thin film in a HF electrolyte. After crystallization by oxygen annealling the nanotube-arrays are treated with TiCl4 to enhance photocurrent amplitudes. The arrays are then sensitized by a self-assembled monolayer of bis(tetrabutylammonium)-cis-(dithiocyanato)-N, N'- bis(4-carboxylato-4'-carboxylic acid-2, 2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) (commonly called 'N719'). Superior photoresponse is obtained using acetonitrile as the dye solvent. Voltage decay measurements indicate that the highly-ordered TiO2 nanotube-arrays, in comparison with nanoparticulate systems, provide excellent pathways for electron percolation with superior electron lifetimes. The front-side illuminated DSSCs, show a typical AM 1.5 photocurrent of 10.3 mA cm−2, open circuit voltage of 0.84 V, 0.54 fill factor, and 4.7% efficiency although the transparent nanotube-array negative electrode is only 360 nm thick. The back-side illuminated DSSCs show an AM 1.5 short-circuit current density of 10.6 mA cm−2, 0.82 V open circuit potential and a 0.51 fill factor yielding a solar conversion efficiency of 4.4%.
CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis in Volvox carteri (2018)

Volvox carteri and other volvocine green algae comprise an excellent model for investigating developmental complexity and its origins. Here we describe a method for targeted mutagenesis in V. carteri using CRISPR/Cas9 components expressed from transgenes. We used V. carteri nitrate reductase gene (nitA) regulatory sequences to conditionally express Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9, and V. carteri U6 RNA gene regulatory sequences to constitutively express single-guide RNA (sgRNA) transcripts. Volvox carteri was bombarded with both Cas9 vector and one of several sgRNA vectors programmed to target different test genes (glsA, regA and invA), and transformants were selected for expression of a hygromycin-resistance marker present on the sgRNA vector. Hygromycin-resistant transformants grown with nitrate as sole nitrogen source (inducing for nitA) were tested for Cas9 and sgRNA expression, and for the ability to generate progeny with expected mutant phenotypes. Some transformants of a somatic regenerator (Reg) mutant strain receiving sgRNA plasmid with glsA protospacer sequence yielded progeny (at a rate of ~0.01%) with a gonidialess (Gls) phenotype similar to that observed for previously described glsA mutants, and sequencing of the glsA gene in independent mutants revealed short deletions within the targeted region of glsA, indicative of Cas9-directed non-homologous end joining. Similarly, bombardment of a morphologically wild-type strain with the Cas9 plasmid and sgRNA plasmids targeting regA or invA yielded regA and invA mutant transformants/progeny, respectively (at rates of 0.1-100%). The capacity to make precisely directed frameshift mutations should greatly accelerate the molecular genetic analysis of development in V. carteri, and of developmental novelty in the volvocine algae.
ENOBIO dry electrophysiology electrode; first human trial plus wireless electrode system (2007)

This paper presents the results of the first human trials with the ENOBIO electrophysiology electrode prototype plus the initial results of a new wireless prototype with flexible electrodes based on the same platform. The results indicate that a dry active electrode that employs a CNT array as the electrode interface can perform on a par with traditional "wet" electrodes for the recording of EEG, ECG, EOG and EMG. We also demonstrate a new platform combining wireless technology plus flexible electrodes for improved comfort for applications that take advantage of the dry electrode concept.
Colors in Context: A Pragmatic Neural Model for Grounded Language Understanding (2017)

We present a model of pragmatic referring expression interpretation in a grounded communication task (identifying colors from descriptions) that draws upon predictions from two recurrent neural network classifiers, a speaker and a listener, unified by a recursive pragmatic reasoning framework. Experiments show that this combined pragmatic model interprets color descriptions more accurately than the classifiers from which it is built, and that much of this improvement results from combining the speaker and listener perspectives. We observe that pragmatic reasoning helps primarily in the hardest cases: when the model must distinguish very similar colors, or when few utterances adequately express the target color. Our findings make use of a newly-collected corpus of human utterances in color reference games, which exhibit a variety of pragmatic behaviors. We also show that the embedded speaker model reproduces many of these pragmatic behaviors.
Hypoxia Regulates CD44 and Its Variant Isoforms through HIF-1α in Triple Negative Breast Cancer (2012)

Our data identified HIF-1α as a regulator of CD44 that increased the number of CD44 molecules and the percentage of CD44 positive cells expressing variant exons v6 and v7/8 in breast cancer cells under hypoxic conditions. Data from these cell studies were further supported by in vivo observations that hypoxic tumor regions contained cells with a higher concentration of CD44 expression.