gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Basis for phase relations between baroreceptor and sympathetic nervous discharge (1976)

The phase relations between the cardiac cycle and sympathetic nervous discharge (SND) were studied with an average-response computer in the anesthetized cat. Maximum SND occurred during early diastole at heart rates between 3 and 4 beats/s. Dramatic shifts in the phase relations between SND and the cardiac cycle accompanied the decrease in heart rate produced by stimulation of the distal end of the cut right vagus nerve. The point of maximum SND was shifted from early diastole to near peak systole and then into the late diastolic phase of the preceding cardiac cycle as heart rate was progressively lowered to 2 beats/s. These observations indicate that synchronization of SND during each cardiac cycle is not the simple consequence of the waxing and waning of baroreceptor nerve activity. Rather, 1:1 locking of bursts of SND to the cardiac cycle is explained on the basis of entrainment by the baroreceptor reflexes of a sympathetic rhythm of central origin. An inhibitory-phasing hypothesis is proposed to account for entrainment. In addition, two components (spinal and brainstem) of sympathoinhibition associated with the pulse-synchronous discharge of the carotid sinus nerve were revealed when the 1:1 relationship between bursts of SND and the cardiac cycle was disrupted at heart rates below 2 beats/s.
Statistical theory of polarization dispersion in single mode fibers (1991)

An analytical characterization of polarization dispersion measurements is presented. The authors report the solution of Poole's stochastic dynamical equation for the evolution of the polarization dispersion vector with fiber length. The authors extend this to a more complete description by considering small, second-order dispersion effects through the frequency derivative of the dispersion vector. The complete analytical solution is seen to accord with what were originally empirically derived features of the joint probability distribution of the polarization dispersion vector and its frequency derivatives. Among the analytically determined properties are the Gaussian probability densities of the three components of the dispersion vector, and the hyperbolic secant (soliton shaped) probability densities of the components of the derivative of the dispersion vector.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synthetic oligosaccharides related to Group B streptococcal polysaccharides. The rhamnotriose moiety of the common antigen (1987)

The methyl glycoside (1) of the α-L-Rhap-(1 → 2)-α-L-Rhap-(1 → 2)-α-L-Rhap-(1 → portion of the group-specific, common antigen polysaccharide of Group B Streptococci has been synthesized. The key compound of the synthesis was methyl 3,4-di-O-benzyl-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (4). Controlled acetolysis of 4 gave 1,2-di-O-acetyl-3,4-di-O-benzyl-α-L-rhamnopyranose (10), which upon reaction with 4 under catalysis by trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMS-Tf) yielded the α-(1 → 2)-linked dirhamnoside. Subsequent rhamnosylation followed by deprotection gave 1. TMS-Tf was also used in rhamnosylation reactions with tetra-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnopyranose. Acetylation of acceptor alcohols was found to be a major side reaction in the TMS-Tf assisted glycosylations. One-dimensional nuclear Overhauser enhancement differential spectroscopy indicated that, in solution, 1 takes up a bent instead of an extended conformation.
Low critical current for spin transfer in magnetic tunnel junctions (2006)

We report a novel approach to reduce the critical current density for spin transfer in nanoscale magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) structures. By integrating a spin valve and a MTJ structure with antiparallel pinned layers, the dc critical switching current density is reduced by one order of magnitude (2×106A∕cm2) at room temperature. The magnetoresistive (MR) properties of the MTJ + spin-valve device are dominated by the MTJ layers. The MR ratio is 15.8% with resistance area product of 4.5Ωμm2. This demonstration opens a window for high-density magnetic random access memory design.
Use of immobilized PCR primers to generate covalently immobilized DNAs for in vitro transcription/translation reactions (2000)

We have developed a novel biochemical method to simultaneously amplify and immobilize a target gene onto insoluble particles using PCR. This method employs the covalent attachment of one of two PCR primers to a particle surface either directly during DNA synthesis of the primer or post-DNA synthesis, through the use of chemical crosslinkers. Immobilization of the target gene can be achieved directly during PCR amplification, with one bead-bound primer and one soluble primer. Alternatively, this can be achieved post-PCR, through covalent attachment of a chemically modified primer incorporated into the amplicon to an activated particle. All of the immobilized DNA templates containing appropriate regulatory regions were fully competent for transcription and translation reactions and several could be re-used in serial reactions. The most successful strategy utilized amino-silanized controlled pore glass beads, which were coupled to phosphorylated primers using carbodiimide chemistry. These bead-bound primers were used during PCR to generate attached DNA templates that could be collected and re-used for at least seven sequential transcription reactions without significant loss in efficiency. This method has also been successfully applied to the amplification, transcription and translation of multiple DNA templates using a single, immobilized primer. The combined PCR-based amplification/immobilization method was shown to be more durable than post-PCR chemical immobilization and affords the convenience of performing sequential PCR amplification, transcription and translation reactions in a single tube.
Detection of moving targets in automotive radar with distorted ego-velocity information (2017)

In this paper we present an algorithm for the detection of moving targets in sight of an automotive radar sensor which can handle distorted ego-velocity information. In situations where biased or none velocity information is provided from the ego-vehicle, the algorithm is able to estimate the ego-velocity based on previously detected stationary targets with high accuracy, subsequently used for the target classification. Compared to existing ego-velocity algorithms our approach provides fast and efficient inference without sacrificing the practical classification accuracy. Other than that the algorithm is characterized by simple parameterization and little but appropriate model assumptions for high accurate production automotive radar sensors.
Phenotypic Expression, Stability, and Inheritance of a Recessive Resistance to Monopartite Begomoviruses Associated with Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Disease in Tomato (2008)

Tomato-infecting begomoviruses comprise a complex of monopartite and bipartite virus species that cause severe yield and quality losses worldwide. Therefore, the availability of wide spectrum resistance for begomovirus control is desirable. However, limited sources of resistance are available. In this study, three tomato inbred lines with resistance to bipartite begomoviruses of Brazil were tested for resistance to monopartite begomoviruses associated with the tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD). Stable resistance to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus was observed either by inoculation with Bemisia tabaci or with Agrobacterium tumefaciens using an infectious clone. The resistance resulted in a complete absence of TYLCD symptoms and restricted virus accumulation. Further studies performed with the line '468-1-1-12' indicated that the resistance was also effective against three other virus species associated with TYLCD, indicating wide spectrum resistance of this source. Quantitative genetics analyses suggested that a major recessive locus with epistatic interactions is controlling the resistance to TYLCD in '468-1-1-12', which could facilitate introgression of this trait into elite tomato lines. The resistance was stable under field conditions with high TYLCD pressure. Mild symptoms could be observed in these conditions, and recovery from disease and from virus infection suggested an active host antiviral defense mechanism. The differential reaction of '468-1-1-12' against a number of TYLCD-associated viruses and artificial chimeras between them allowed to identify a region of the virus genome that presumably contains a virus determinant for breaking the resistance to infection observed in '468-1-1-12'.
Phase I Study of Decitabine in Combination with Vorinostat in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas (2011)

PURPOSE: This phase I study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and preliminary efficacy of the combination of decitabine with vorinostat. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with advanced solid tumors or non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were eligible. Sequential and concurrent schedules were studied. RESULTS: Forty-three patients were studied in 9 different dose levels (6 sequential and 3 concurrent). The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) on the sequential schedule was decitabine 10 mg/m(2)/day on days 1-5 and vorinostat 200 mg three times a day on days 6-12. The MTD on the concurrent schedule was decitabine 10 mg/m(2)/day on days 1-5 with vorinostat 200 mg twice a day on days 3-9. However, the sequential schedule of decitabine 10 mg/m(2)/day on days 1-5 and vorinostat 200 mg twice a day on days 6-12 was more deliverable than both MTDs with fewer delays on repeated dosing and it represents the recommended phase II (RP2D) dose of this combination. Dose-limiting toxicities during the first cycle consisted of myelosuppression, constitutional and gastrointestinal symptoms and occurred in 12/42 (29%) patients evaluable for toxicity. The most common ≥ grade 3 adverse events were neutropenia (49% of patients), thrombocytopenia (16%), fatigue (16%), lymphopenia (14%), and febrile neutropenia (7%). Disease stabilization for ≥ 4 cycles was observed in 11/38 (29%) evaluable patients. CONCLUSION: The combination of decitabine with vorinostat is tolerable on both concurrent schedules in previously treated patients with advanced solid tumors or non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The sequential schedule was easier to deliver. The combination showed activity with prolonged disease stabilization in different tumor types.
Ketorolac Tromethamine Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism After Intravenous, Intramuscular, and Oral Administration in Humans and Animals (1990)

In humans, ketorolac is completely bioavailable and its kinetics are linear. It is absorbed rapidly (half-life for absorption 3.8 min) after oral (fasting) and intramuscular administration; food delays but does not reduce its absorption. The drug is highly protein bound in humans (greater than 99%). The mean plasma elimination half-life is 5-6 hours, and ketorolac is not extensively distributed outside the vascular compartment (Vd beta 15 L). Virtually all of the drug-related material circulating in plasma is in the form of ketorolac (greater than 96%), with the only metabolite the pharmacologically inactive p-hydroxyketorolac (PHK). Humans excrete about 90% of the administered dose in urine. About 60% of drug-related material recovered from urine is ketorolac, about 12% is PHK, and 28% represents polar, glucuronide conjugates of ketorolac. The animal models in which ketorolac's metabolism and kinetics are most similar to those in humans are the mouse and monkey, respectively.
Data Warehousing for Association Mining (2009)

With the phenomenal growth of electronic data and information, there are many demands for developments of efficient and effective systems (tools) to address the issue of performing data mining tasks on data warehouses or multidimensional databases. Association rules describe associations between itemsets (i.e., sets of data items) (or granules). Association mining (or called association rule mining) finds interesting or useful association rules in databases, which is the crucial technique for the development of data mining. Association mining can be used in many application areas, for example, the discovery of associations between customers’ locations and shopping behaviours in market basket analysis. Association mining includes two phases. The first phase is called pattern mining that is the discovery of frequent patterns. The second phase is called rule generation that is the discovery of the interesting and useful association rules in the discovered patterns. The first phase, however, often takes a long time to find all frequent patterns that also include much noise as well (Pei and Han, 2002). The second phase is also a time consuming activity (Han and Kamber, 2000) and can generate many redundant rules (Zaki, 2004) (Xu and Li, 2007). To reduce search spaces, user constraintbased techniques attempt to find knowledge that meet some sorts of constraints. There are two interesting concepts that have been used in user constraint-based techniques: meta-rules (Han and Kamber, 2000) and granule mining (Li et al., 2006). The aim of this chapter is to present the latest research results about data warehousing techniques that can be used for improving the performance of association mining. The chapter will introduce two important approaches based on user constraint-based techniques. The first approach requests users to inputs their meta-rules that describe their desires for certain data dimensions. It then creates data cubes based these meta-rules and then provides interesting association rules. The second approach firstly requests users to provide condition and decision attributes that used to describe the antecedent and consequence of rules, respectively. It then finds all possible data granules based condition attributes and decision attributes. It also creates a multi-tier structure to store the associations between granules, and association mappings to provide interesting rules.
Evaluating intelligent tutoring with gaming-simulations (1995)

Gaming-simulation is an important pedagogical tool for learning. However, as an educational tool gaming-simulation follows the concept of discovery learning and, therefore, does not necessarily support any direct educational aim. A way to overcome this weakness is to support gaming-simulation with an intelligent tutoring facility. Although it is generally believed that intelligent gaming-simulations have great potential for instruction, little work has been done on the development of an appropriate evaluation method to estimate the efficiency of their intelligent tutoring. The paper presents an introduction to intelligent gaming-simulation. It also proposes an evaluation method for the assessment of the tutoring abilities of intelligent gaming-simulations.
Phosphorylation of Mammalian Olfactory Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels Increases Ligand Sensitivity (1998)

In vertebrate olfactory sensory neurons, odorant receptors couple the sensory signal to the synthesis of the second messenger cAMP. Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels are activated by binding of cAMP and conduct a depolarizing receptor current that leads to electrical excitation of the neuron. The sensitivity of olfactory CNG channels for cAMP can be significantly reduced by binding of calmodulin to a regulatory domain that resides within the N-terminus of the alpha-subunit of the channel. This regulatory domain also contains a consensus phosphorylation sequence for protein kinase C (PKC). We have investigated the effect of channel phosphorylation by PKC and found that phosphorylation increases ligand sensitivity without counteracting modulation of the channel by calmodulin. We have identified the amino acid residue that is phosphorylated by PKC and have localized three isoforms of PKC in olfactory sensory cilia. The results of this study provide information about the control of ligand sensitivity in olfactory CNG channels by an intrinsic regulatory domain, representing both a calmodulin-binding site and a substrate for PKC.
Long-range surface modes of metal-clad four-layer waveguides (1986)

The surface modes of metal-clad four-layer waveguides were theoretically analyzed. We showed that the long-range surface modes can be excited in such waveguides. The long-range surface modes were experimentally studied with the angle scanning attenuated-total-reflection method; the dependence of wave vector and loss of these modes on the waveguide parameters were measured. Experimental results were in good agreement with theoretical calculations.
Geometrical Isomerization of Vitamin A, Retinene and Retinene Oxime (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGeometrical Isomerization of Vitamin A, Retinene and Retinene OximeRuth HubbardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 18, 4662–4667Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01599a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01599a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views184Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Recruitment of Protein Phosphatase 1 to the Nuclear Envelope by a-Kinase Anchoring Protein Akap149 Is a Prerequisite for Nuclear Lamina Assembly (2000)

Subcellular targeting of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase A [PKA]) and of type 1 protein phosphatase (PP1) is believed to enhance the specificity of these enzymes. We report that in addition to anchoring PKA, A-kinase anchoring protein AKAP149 recruits PP1 at the nuclear envelope (NE) upon somatic nuclear reformation in vitro, and that PP1 targeting to the NE is a prerequisite for assembly of B-type lamins. AKAP149 is an integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum/NE network. The PP1-binding domain of AKAP149 was identified as K(153)GVLF(157). PP1 binds immobilized AKAP149 in vitro and coprecipitates with AKAP149 from purified NE extracts. Affinity isolation of PP1 from solubilized NEs copurifies AKAP149. Upon reassembly of somatic nuclei in interphase extract, PP1 is targeted to the NE. Targeting is inhibited by a peptide containing the PP1-binding domain of AKAP149, abolished in nuclei assembled with membranes immunodepleted of AKAP149, and restored after reincorporation of AKAP149 into nuclear membranes. B-type lamins do not assemble into a lamina when NE targeting of PP1 is abolished, and is rescued upon recruitment of PP1 to the NE. We propose that kinase and phosphatase anchoring at the NE by AKAP149 plays in a role in modulating nuclear reassembly at the end of mitosis.
Physical and biological performance of a novel block copolymer nerve guide (2005)

Although the ability to regenerate is evident in the nervous system, lesioned neurites are unable to cross gaps in neuronal pathways. In order to bridge gaps, guiding cues are essential to direct neurite regrowth. To overcome many of the shortcomings of polymer-based nerve guides, we developed a bioresorbable nerve guide composed of a novel trimethylene carbonate-caprolacton block copolymer (TMC-CL). Pore formation was controlled by using special solvent/precipitation media compositions in combination with the pore forming agent poly ethylene glycol (PEG). NMR spectroscopy, shear force-, compression-, and permeation assays were used for conduit characterization. The polymer conduit has a semipermeable wall with submicron pores to allow free metabolite/drug exchange. In order to investigate the principle of temporally controlled expression of therapeutic proteins in nerve guides, Neuro-2a cells were genetically engineered to express the reporter gene product green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the Tet-On system. When these transduced cells were encapsulated in nerve guides, GFP expression could be induced for days by adding the antibiotic tetracycline derivative doxycycline to the nerve guide environment. Furthermore, encapsulated dorsal root ganglia (DRG) produced long neurites in vitro. In subsequent in vivo experiments, nerve guides filled with Schwann cells (SC) were implanted into lesioned spinal cords of adult rats. Regeneration of spinal cord axons into nerve guides was promoted by co-implanted Schwann cells. The data suggest that the novel TMC-CL nerve guides provide a promising tool for neuroregeneration.
Mitofusin-2 Determines Mitochondrial Network Architecture and Mitochondrial Metabolism (2003)

In many cells and specially in muscle, mitochondria form elongated filaments or a branched reticulum. We show that Mfn2 (mitofusin 2), a mitochondrial membrane protein that participates in mitochondrial fusion in mammalian cells, is induced during myogenesis and contributes to the maintenance and operation of the mitochondrial network. Repression of Mfn2 caused morphological and functional fragmentation of the mitochondrial network into independent clusters. Concomitantly, repression of Mfn2 reduced glucose oxidation, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell respiration, and mitochondrial proton leak. We also show that the Mfn2-dependent mechanism of mitochondrial control is disturbed in obesity by reduced Mfn2 expression. In all, our data indicate that Mfn2 expression is crucial in mitochondrial metabolism through the maintenance of the mitochondrial network architecture, and reduced Mfn2 expression may explain some of the metabolic alterations associated with obesity.
The COP9 signalosome is an essential regulator of development in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans (2003)

The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is a conserved multiprotein complex involved in regulation of eukaryotic development. The deduced amino acid sequences of two Aspergillus nidulans genes, csnD and csnE, show high identities to the fourth and fifth CSN subunits of higher eukaryotes. The csnD transcript is abundant during vegetative growth as well as development and the corresponding protein accumulates in the nucleus. Strains deleted for either csn gene are viable and show identical mutant phenotypes at conditions that allow development: hyphae appear partly red and contain cells of reduced size. Additionally, light dependence of propagation onset is affected. The Delta csn mutants are capable of initiating the sexual cycle and develop primordia, but maturation to sexual fruit bodies is blocked. This developmental arrest could not be overcome by overexpression of the sexual activator velvet (VEA). We conclude that the COP9 signalosome in A. nidulans is a key regulator of sexual development, and its proposed structural and functional conservation to the CSN of higher eukaryotes enables studies on this regulatory complex in a genetically amenable organism.