gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An efficient coding system for long source sequences (1981)

The Elias source coding scheme is modified to permit a source sequence of practically unlimited length to be coded as a single codeword using arithmetic of only limited precision. The result is shown to be a nonblock arithmetic code of the first in, first out (FIFO) type-- source symbols are decoded in the same order as they were encoded. Codeword lengths which are near optimum for the specified statistical properties of the source can be achieved. Explicit encoding and decoding algorithms are Provided which effectively implement the coding scheme. Applications to data compression and cryptography are suggested.
A NEW NEUTRON-INDUCED GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY TOOL FOR GEOCHEMICAL LOGGING (2009)

A new geochemical logging tool has been developed to provide measurements of elements important to the mineralogical analysis of rock formations. The measurement system uses a chemical americiumberyllium neutron source to introduce moderate-energy neutrons into the surrounding environment. These neutrons lose energy through scattering reactions and are eventually absorbed by materials in the borehole, the formation, and the tool itself. The scattering and absorption reactions cause various elements among the atoms in the surrounding materials to emit gamma rays that have characteristic energies. Emitted gamma ray spectra are detected and recorded using a large bismuth germanate scintillation detector coupled to a highefficiency photomultiplier and pulse-height analyzer. It is assumed the recorded 256-channel spectra are comprised of linear combinations of characteristic elemental spectra. A constrained, weighted leastsquares analysis is used to ensure that physically feasible solutions are obtained for the individual contributions, or elemental yields. Silicon, calcium, iron, sulfur, potassium, titanium, gadolinium, magnesium and aluminum elemental yields from neutron capture reactions are derived to evaluate formation mineralogy. Hydrogen and chlorine neutron capture signals are also detected, but are not used for mineralogical evaluations. The tool is also sensitive to signals from inelastic neutron reactions with oxygen, carbon, silicon, calcium, and iron which are treated separately in the spectral fitting process. The tool is designed to operate in borehole sizes from 6 to 20 inches in diameter and can withstand borehole pressures to 20,000 psi. The detector is deployed in a Dewar flask to permit downhole operations for up to 24 hours with a maximum ambient temperature exposure of 350°F (176°C). Additional hardware innovations have been introduced to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of formation responses by reducing undesired borehole and tool contributions. The paper discusses Monte Carlo modeling results used to investigate the impact of hardware design parameters on tool performance, derivation of characteristic elemental responses, and conversion of elemental yields to weight fractions for downstream formation mineralogy evaluations. Results from measurements performed in laboratory formations and logs recorded in test wells are presented to demonstrate tool performance.
Preparation and characterization of biodegradable urea-loaded microparticles as an approach for transdermal delivery (2006)

This work describes the formulation and characterization of urea-loaded microspheres prepared using various polymers such as ethyl cellulose (EC), cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) and poly (D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), along with the utilization of a solvent evaporation technique. The effect of various formulation parameters (i.e. polymer type and concentration, vehicle type, polymer solution/vehicle volume ratio, drug/polymer ratio, homogenizer and stirrer speed, sonication time and speed, type of washing solution, drying and separation method) on the characteristics of microspheres was also evaluated. Results obtained indicated that, in the presence of urea, highest rate of EC microsphere production could be obtained at a drug/polymer ratio of 1:2 and a polymer solution/vehicle volume ratio of 1:50. In some cases, crystallization of urea was observed during the encapsulation process using cellulose derivative polymers. CAP microparticles showed a rough and tortuous surface while EC microparticles had a wider range of particle size. However, with the PLGA polymer, much better desired microparticles with a smaller size range of 1-3 microm were obtained. In general, PLGA microspheres were spherical in shape and possessed smooth surfaces with less pores in comparison with those obtained by the other polymers. The yield of particle production and the extent of urea encapsulation in PLGA particles were measured to be 68.87% +/- 5.3 and 40.5% +/- 3.4, respectively. The release study from PLGA microspheres revealed that up to 70% of the drug was released within a few days, through a four-stage release pattern.
E1B 19K Blocks Bax Oligomerization and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Mediated Apoptosis (2001)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-mediated death signaling causes the recruitment of monomeric pro- apoptotic Bax into a 500-kDa protein complex. The adenovirus Bcl-2 homologue, E1B 19K, inhibits TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis, interacts with Bax, and blocked the formation of the 500-kDa Bax complex. TNF-alpha and truncated Bid induced Bax-Bax cross-linking, indicative of oligomerization, and E1B 19K expression during infection inhibited this TNF-alpha-mediated Bax oligomerization. TNF-alpha signaled conformation changes at the Bax amino and carboxy termini. Exposure of the Bax amino terminus facilitates E1B 19K-Bax binding, which prevented exposure of the carboxy-terminal Bax Bcl-2 homology region 2 epitope. Inhibition of Bax oligomerization by E1B 19K is an activity that bears striking similarity to the means by which bacterial immunity proteins block pore formation by bacterial toxins which have structural homology to Bax.
Impact of combination chemotherapy with itraconazole on survival of patients with refractory ovarian cancer. (2014)

After progression during chemotherapy, persistent ovarian cancer rarely responds to cytotoxic agents. We evaluated the use of adjunctive itraconazole for treating refractory ovarian cancer.Medical records of patients with ovarian cancer were retrospectively reviewed to select those with a history of platinum and taxane administration, clinical progression within six months of the last platinum administration, continuation of chemotherapy after the first progression during chemotherapy.Among 55 patients, itraconazole in combination with chemotherapy was administered to 19 patients. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 103 days and 53 days for chemotherapy with and without itraconazole, respectively (p=0.014). The corresponding median overall survival was 642 days and 139 days, respectively (p=0.006). The hazard ratio for PFS was 0.24 (p=0.002) and for overall survival was 0.27 (p=0.006) for therapy with itraconazole.Adjunctive itraconazole is promising for patients with refractory ovarian cancer.
Observation of destructive interference in the radiation loss of second-order distributed feedback lasers (1985)

We report measurements of the distribution of 90° radiation loss along the length of an optically pumped distributed feedback resonator having a second-order grating and nonreflecting ends. The loss is strong at the ends, but nearly cancels at the center due to destructive interference of the scattered radiation from the oppositely propagating waves forming the lasing mode. This is the first observation of this interference effect, which provides an important source of single mode selection in distributed feedback lasers with second-order gratings.
Correlations Between theIn VitroandIn VivoActivity of Anti-HIV Agents: Implications for Future Drug Deyelopment (1992)

Some 10 years after the first recognition of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) as a new syndrome, we have identified a number of molecular targets to interrupt the replicative cycle of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent. A number of dideoxynucleosides have been identified as having anti-HIV activity in vitro, and several of these have been found to have clinical activity in patients. In contrast, while a number of agents have been found to block viral binding to the target cell in vitro, these agents have generally not shown clear-cut evidence of clinical activity. Agents which act at a variety of steps in the HIV replicative cycle are now under development, and it is likely that we will have an increased armamentarium to fight this disease in the near future.
Sequence from picomole quantities of proteins electroblotted onto polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. (1987)

Small amounts (7-250 pmol) of myoglobin, beta-lactoglobulin, and other proteins and peptides can be spotted or electroblotted onto polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes, stained with Coomassie Blue, and sequenced directly. The membranes are not chemically activated or pretreated with Polybrene before usage. The average repetitive yields and initial coupling of proteins spotted or blotted into PVDF membranes ranged between 84-98% and 30-108% respectively, and were comparable with the yields measured for proteins spotted onto Polybrene-coated glass fiber discs. The results suggest that PVDF membranes are superior supports for sequence analysis of picomole quantities of proteins purified by gel electrophoresis.
Synthesis of .beta.,.gamma.-unsaturated amino acids by the Strecker reaction (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of .beta.,.gamma.-unsaturated amino acids by the Strecker reactionW. J. GreenleeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 14, 2632–2634Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00188a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00188a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views532Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Metrics For Opportunity Costs (2007)

It starts on a development of a base of theoretical framework and others concepts directly related on opportunity cost from economics, reaching a roll of alternatives of the concept to the enterprise environment. From this base it appears the logical effect of the importance of the metric definition and elaboration related to opportunity cost in the current environment business-oriented. This work has the proposal of guiding through metric models relating with the concept of opportunity cost.
Integrating Commercial Off-the-Shelf Tools for Custom Software Development (1992)

Abstract : Fourth-generation, object-driven languages (4GLs) (i.e., Hypermedia) have been used effectively in requirements analysis prototyping and human-machine interface development and have served as a front end to more complex applications. This paper describes the process of evaluating, selecting, and integrating 4GL tools for specific applications running on a variety of microcomputer platforms. To explore these different options, we win present an example of a computer-based training system created in a 4GL and describe how numerous commercial off the-shelf software tools were integrated for added functionality. The logical extension to the current suite of Hypermedia products is tools capable of producing device-independent source code, which in turn is capable of being compiled into stand-alone applications. The impact of using a set of nonhomogeneous tools will be discussed in terms of source code control, supportability, and tool enhanceability.
Interaction of myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) with a mitogen-activated protein kinase, ERK5/BMK1 (1998)

Myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) has been implicated in the complex hierarchical regulation of muscle-specific gene expression and differentiation. While the MyoD family members are able to initiate the skeletal muscle differentiation program, whether MEF2 is sufficient in directing skeletal muscle differentiation is still controversial. Furthermore, how MEF2 transactivates its target genes is not fully understood. It has been suggested that the interactions of MEF2 with other factors modify its transcriptional activity. Therefore, the identification of MEF2-interacting factors may be important in understanding the mechanism by which MEF2 activates its target genes. In this study, a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase), ERK5/BMK1 was found to interact with MEF2 in a yeast two hybrid screen. The interaction was confirmed by a glutathione S -transferase-pull down assay and a co-immunoprecipitation study indicating that endogenous ERK5 and MEF2 interact with each other in vivo . The interacting domain of MEF2 was mapped to the N-terminus which contains the highly conserved MADS and MEF2 domains. Functionally, ERK5/BMK1 was able to phosphorylate MEF2 in vitro . Furthermore, when cotransfected with ERK5/BMK1, the transactivation capacity of MEF2 was enhanced. These results suggest that the functions of MEF2 could be regulated through ERK5/BMK1.
Search for Pore-fection (2012)

At long last, nanopore sequencing seems poised to leave the lab, promising a new and better way to decode DNA.
Physically-based manipulation on the Responsive Workbench (2002)

Describes how a physical simulation can be integrated with our Responsive Workbench system to support complex assembly tasks involving multiple hands and users. Our system uses the CORIOLIS physical simulation package extended to meet the real-time requirements for our highly interactive virtual environment. We develop a new set of interface tools that exploit the natural properties of physical simulation (i.e. the superposition of forces). Our tools are based on sets of springs connecting the user's hand to a virtual object. Visualizing these springs provides "visual force feedback" of the applied forces and facilitates the prediction of the objects' behavior. Our force-based interaction concept allows multiple hands and users to manipulate a single object without the need for locking the object.
Rapid anticoagulation using ancrod for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia [see comments] (1991)

In order to determine the efficacy and safety of ancrod, a rapid acting defibrinogenating drug, for patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, 11 consecutive patients who required anticoagulant therapy because of venous thromboembolism and who developed acute heparin-induced thrombocytopenia or had a history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia were treated with ancrod. Heparin therapy was discontinued (in patients receiving heparin) and ancrod started at a dose of 1 to 2 U/kg every 24 hours with subsequent daily doses adjusted to maintain fibrinogen levels between 0.5 and 1.0 g/L. Ancrod was continued until warfarin had become effective. The platelet count increased to more than 150 x 10(9)/L within 2 to 10 days in all thrombocytopenic patients. Two patients with a history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia maintained normal platelet counts while receiving ancrod. Two patients had recurrent venous thrombosis while receiving warfarin, 10 days after ancrod was discontinued: one of these patients had metastatic pancreatic carcinoma and developed phlegmasia cerulea dolens and the other patient developed a venographically proven extension of her deep venous thrombosis. One patient suffered a bleeding episode into the thigh with a 16-g/L decrease in her hemoglobin level while receiving ancrod therapy. No other side effects were noted. Our experience indicates that ancrod therapy is a reasonable approach for patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia who require anticoagulant therapy.
A Reduced Complexity Decoder Architecture via Layered Decoding of LDPC Codes (2004)

We apply layered belief propagation decoding to our previously devised irregular partitioned permutation LDPC codes. These codes have a construction that easily accommodates a layered decoding and we show that the decoding performance is improved by a factor of two in the number of iterations required. We show how our previous flexible decoding architecture can be adapted to facilitate layered decoding. This results in a significant reduction in the number of memory bits and memory instances required, in the range of 45-50%. The faster decoding speed means the decoder logic can also be reduced by nearly 50% to achieve the same throughput and error performance. In total, the overall decoder architecture can be reduced by nearly 50%.
Metamorphic Resonant Tunneling Diodes and Its Application to Chaos Generator ICs (2005)

In this paper we discuss the properties of InGaAs/AlAs metamorphic resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) on GaAs substrates. The current–voltage, surface roughness, and low-frequency noise characteristics were investigated to clarify the effect of step-grading buffer layers. No degradation of the current–voltage characteristics were observed despite the large surface roughness due to a lattice mismatch. Moreover, low-frequency noise measurements showed only 1/ f noise without special peak structures, and the amplitudes of which were comparable to those of the lattice-matched ones. Next, we fabricated resonant tunneling frequency divider ICs, which is based on the bifurcation phenomenon in a chaos system, on metamorphic substrates. A maximum operation frequency of 88 GHz and good phase noise properties were obtained, which are similar to those of the lattice-matched ones. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the step-grading buffer layers even for the RTDs that consist of very thin layers and are sensitive to crystal qualities.
Varicella in a gorilla (1987)

Naturally occurring varicella was observed in a young gorilla in captivity. The isolate was demonstrated to be varicella-zoster virus by restriction enzyme analysis.
Safety of botulinum toxin type A: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2004)

The results of this meta-analysis and experience from long-term, open-label investigations demonstrate that the formulation of BTX-A evaluated here has a favorable safety and tolerability profile across a broad spectrum of therapeutic uses.
Longevity and heavy metal resistance in daf‐2 and age‐1 long‐lived mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans (2001)

In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, dauer formation, stress resistance, and longevity are determined in part by DAF-2 (insulin receptor-like protein), AGE-1 (phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase catalytic subunit), and DAF-16 (forkhead transcription factor). Mutations in daf-2 and age-1 result in increased resistance to heat, oxidants, and UV. We have discovered that daf-2 and age-1 mutations result in increased Cd and Cu ion resistance in a 24 h toxicity assay. Lethal concentration (LC50) values for Cd and Cu ions in daf-2 and age-1 mutants were significantly (P<0.001) higher than in wild-type nematodes. However, LC50 values in daf-16;age-1 mutants were not significantly different, implying that metal resistance is influenced by a DAF-16-related function. As metallothionein (MT) proteins play a major role in metal detoxification, we examined the expression of MT genes both under noninducing conditions and after exposure to sublethal and acute heavy metal stress. MT1 mRNA levels were significantly (P<0.05) higher in daf-2 mutants compared to age-1 mutants and wild-type C. elegans under basal conditions. After 10 mM Cd treatment, induction of MT1 and MT2 mRNA was three- and twofold higher, respectively, in daf-2 mutant worms than in wild-type. However, a sublethal concentration of Cd (0.1 mM) resulted in even higher (three- to sevenfold) levels of both MT mRNAs in all strains. Cu did not induce MT1 or MT2 mRNAs. These results are consistent with a model in which the insulin-signaling pathway determines life span through regulation of stress protein genes
Image deformation using moving least squares (2006)

We provide an image deformation method based on Moving Least Squares using various classes of linear functions including affine, similarity and rigid transformations. These deformations are realistic and give the user the impression of manipulating real-world objects. We also allow the user to specify the deformations using either sets of points or line segments, the later useful for controlling curves and profiles present in the image. For each of these techniques, we provide simple closed-form solutions that yield fast deformations, which can be performed in real-time.
Fast lossy Internet image transmission (1995)

Images are usually transmitted across the Internet using a lossless protocol such as TCP/IP.Lossless protocols require retransmission of lost packets, which substantially increases transmission time.We i n troduce a fast lossy Internet image transmission scheme (FLIIT) for compressed images which eliminates retransmission delays by strategically shielding important portions of the image with redundancy bits.We describe a joint source and channel coding algorithm for images which minimizes the expected distortion of transmitted images.The algorithm e ciently allocates quantizer resolution bits and redundancy bits to control quantization errors and expected packet transmission losses.We describe an implementation of this algorithm and compare its performance on the Internet to lossless TCP/IP transmission of the same images.In our experiments, the FLIIT scheme transmitted images ve times faster than TCP/IP during the day, with resulting images of equivalent quality.
Development of an epitope panel for consistent identification of antigen‐specific T‐cells in humans (2017)

We aimed to establish a panel of MHC-peptide multimers suitable as a positive control in the detection of HLA A*0201 restricted antigen specific T cells (ASTC) by flow cytometry. MHC Dextramers were loaded with HLA A*0201 binding peptides from viral antigens and melanoma targets identified from a literature search and in silico prediction. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors were analysed with the MHC Dextramers using flow cytometry. The best performing epitopes were tested on PBMC from patients undergoing testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to assess the coverage of this epitope panel. Of 21 candidate epitopes, ASTC could be detected against 12 (57·1%) in at least one of 18 healthy blood donors. Reactivity to two or more epitopes was seen in 17 of the 18 donors (94·4%). We selected the six best-performing epitopes and demonstrated a positive response in 42 (97·7%) of 43 patient samples (healthy, latent and active M. tuberculosis infection). The selected panel of six antigenic epitopes sufficed as a positive control in the detection of ASTC in HLA A*0201. Performance was robust in different stages of latent and active M. tuberculosis infection, indicating reliability also during infection.