gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Properties of Copolymers with Tailored Sequence Distribution by Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization (2003)

The control of the overall composition and the sequence distribution in copolymers with both linear and branched architectures is described. The synthesis of alternating and gradient copolymers as well as graft copolymers with statistical, gradient and block architectures was accomplished by controlled/living radical polymerization (atom transfer radical polymerization and reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization). The properties of these tailored copolymers indicate that adjustment of sequence distribution at the molecular level has important effects on the macroscopic properties of the obtained polymeric materials.
Push vs. pull in Web-based network management (2003)

In this paper, we build on the concept of the embedded management application, proposed by Wellens and Auerbach (1996), and present two models of network management application designs that rely on Web technologies. First, the pull model, based on the request/response paradigm, is a generalization of data polling in the SNMP management framework. We explain how to use it for ad hoc management (e.g., troubleshooting) and regular management (e.g., network monitoring). Second, the push model is a novel approach that relies on the publish/subscribe/distribute paradigm. It is better suited to regular management than the pull model, and allows administrators to conserve network bandwidth as well as CPU time on the management station.
Intra-arterial Prourokinase for Acute Ischemic Stroke (1999)

Despite an increased frequency of early symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, treatment with IA r-proUK within 6 hours of the onset of acute ischemic stroke caused by MCA occlusion significantly improved clinical outcome at 90 days.
Low level of Hox1.3 gene expression does not preclude the use of promoterless vectors to generate a targeted gene disruption. off. (1991)

A variety of experimental approaches have been devised recently to mutate mammalian genes by homologous recombination. In this report, we describe the disruption of the Hox1.3 locus by using two of these approaches, namely, positive-negative selection and activation of a promoterless gene. Interestingly, we observe similarly high frequencies of targeted disruption with both procedures. The high frequency of targeted disruption with a promoterless vector was unexpected given the extremely low level of Hox1.3 expression in the embryonic stem cell line used for these studies. These data indicate that minimal expression of the target gene is required to enrich for homologous recombination events with promoterless vectors and thus enhance the promoterless gene approach as a general strategy to mutate mammalian genes by homologous recombination.
Experimental and simulation studies of hard contact in force reflecting teleoperation (2003)

Experiments and simulations of a single-axis force-reflecting teleoperation system have been conducted to investigate the problem of contacting a hard environment and maintaining a controlled force in teleoperation in which position is fed forward from the hand controller (master) to the manipulator (slave), and force is fed back to the human operator through motors in the master. The simulations, using an electrical circuit model, reproduce the behavior of the real system, including effects of human operator biomechanics. It is shown that human operator properties, which vary as a result of different types of grasp of the handle, affect the stability of the system in the hard-contact task. The effect of a heavier grasp on the handle is equivalent to increased hand-controlled velocity damping in terms of the systems stability in the contact task, but control system damping sufficient to guarantee stable contact results in perceptible sluggishness of the control handle's response in free motion. These results suggest that human operator biomechanics must be taken into account to guarantee stable and ergonomic performance of advanced teleoperators.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Protein kinase Cɛ contributes to regulation of the sarcolemmal Na+-K+ pump (2001)

A reduction in angiotensin II (ANG II) in vivo by treatment of rabbits with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, increases Na(+)-K(+) pump current (I(p)) of cardiac myocytes. This increase is abolished by exposure of myocytes to ANG II in vitro. Because ANG II induces translocation of the epsilon-isoform of protein kinase C (PKCepsilon), we examined whether this isozyme regulates the pump. We treated rabbits with captopril, isolated myocytes, and measured I(p) of myocytes voltage clamped with wide-tipped patch pipettes. I(p) of myocytes from captopril-treated rabbits was larger than I(p) of myocytes from controls. ANG II superfusion of myocytes from captopril-treated rabbits decreased I(p) to levels similar to controls. Inclusion of PKCepsilon-specific blocking peptide in pipette solutions used to perfuse the intracellular compartment abolished the effect of ANG II. Inclusion of psiepsilonRACK, a PKCepsilon-specific activating peptide, in pipette solutions had an effect on I(p) that was similar to that of ANG II. There was no additive effect of ANG II and psiepsilonRACK. We conclude that PKCepsilon regulates the sarcolemmal Na(+)-K(+) pump.
Miotic effect of brimonidine tartrate 0.15% ophthalmic solution in normal eyes (2004)

Brimonidine tartrate 0.15% ophthalmic solution produced a significant miotic effect under all 3 luminance conditions. The reproducible miotic effect under scotopic and mesopic conditions may help postoperative refractive patients who report night-vision difficulties related to a large pupil.
Building a large-scale commercial NLG system for an EMR (2008)

Natural language generation technology is mature enough for implementing an NLG system in a commercial environment, but the circumstances differ significantly from building a research system. This paper describes the challenges and rewards of building a commercial NLG component for an electronic medical records system. While the resulting NLG system has been successfully completed, the path to that success could have been somewhat smoother knowing the issues in advance.
Efficient Production of the Liquid Fuel 2,5‐Dimethylfuran from Fructose Using Formic Acid as a Reagent (2010)

Three in one: New reagents are needed to generate liquid fuels from biomass, but the reagents must serve multiple roles. For the conversion of fructose into the title compound 1, formic acid serves three roles: assists in the isomerization/dehydration, serves as an H2 source for hydrogenation, and helps deoxygenate the alcohol functional groups.
Cysteine residues in the Vif protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 are essential for viral infectivity (1994)

The infectivity factor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), Vif, contains two cysteine residues which are highly conserved among animal lentiviruses. We introduced substitutions of leucine for cysteine residues in the vif gene of a full-length HIV-1 clone to analyze their roles in viral infection. Mutant viruses containing substitutions in either Cys-114, Cys-133, or both displayed a vif-negative infection phenotype similar to that of an isogeneic vif deletion mutant, namely, a cell-dependent complete to partial loss of infectivity. The vif defect could be complemented by cotransfection of mutant viral DNA with a Vif expression vector, and there was no evidence that recombination contributed to the repair of the vif deficiency. The viral protein profile, as determined by immunoblotting, in cells infected with cysteine substitution mutants and that in wild-type virus were similar, including the presence of the 23-kDa Vif polypeptide. In addition, immunoblotting with an antiserum directed against the carboxyl terminus of gp41 revealed that gp41 was intact in cells infected with either wild-type or vif mutant HIV-1, excluding that Vif cleaves the C terminus of gp41. Our results indicate that the cysteines in HIV-1 Vif are critical for Vif function in viral infectivity.
Design and synthesis of 2-cyano-3,12-dioxoolean-1,9-dien-28-oic acid, a novel and highly active inhibitor of nitric oxide production in mouse macrophages (1998)

New derivatives with electron-withdrawing substituents at the C-2 position of 3-oxoolean-1-en-28-oic acid were synthesized. Among them, 2-cyano-3,12-dioxoolean-1,9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO) was 400 times more potent than previous compounds we have made as an inhibitor of production of nitric oxide induced by interferon-gamma in mouse macrophages (IC50, 0.4 nM). The potency of CDDO was similar to that of dexamethasone, although CDDO does not act through the glucocorticoid receptor.
Rescue of the colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1)–nullizygous mouse (Csf1op/Csf1op) phenotype with a CSF-1 transgene and identification of sites of local CSF-1 synthesis (2001)

Colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) regulates the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes. It is expressed as a secreted glycoprotein or proteoglycan found in the circulation or as a biologically active cell-surface glycoprotein. To investigate tissue CSF-1 regulation, CSF-1-null Csf1(op)/Csf1(op) mice expressing transgenes encoding the full-length membrane-spanning CSF-1 precursor driven by 3.13 kilobases of the mouse CSF-1 promoter and first intron were characterized. Transgene expression corrected the gross osteopetrotic, neurologic, weight, tooth, and reproductive defects of Csf1(op)/Csf1(op) mice. Detailed analysis of one transgenic line revealed that circulating CSF-1, tissue macrophage numbers, hematopoietic tissue cellularity, and hematopoietic parameters were normalized. Tissue CSF-1 levels were normal except for elevations in 4 secretory tissues. Skin fibroblasts from the transgenic mice secreted normal amounts of CSF-1 but also expressed some cell-surface CSF-1. Also, lacZ driven by the same promoter/first intron revealed beta-galactosidase expression in hematopoietic, reproductive, and other tissue locations proximal to CSF-1 cellular targets, consistent with local regulation by CSF-1 at these sites. These studies indicate that the 3.13-kilobase promoter/first intron confers essentially normal CSF-1 expression. They also pinpoint new cellular sites of CSF-1 expression, including ovarian granulosa cells, mammary ductal epithelium, testicular Leydig cells, serous acinar cells of salivary gland, Paneth cells of the small intestine, as well as local sites in several other tissues.
The Influence of Particle Size Distribution and Surface Roughness of Carrier Particles on the in vitro Properties of Dry Powder Inhalations (1999)

The inuence of the amount of ne carrier particles, the shape of the particle size distributions, and the surface roughness of the coarse carrier particles on the aerodynamic properties of interactive powder mixtures from Salmeterol Xinafoate and lactose monoh ydrate have been investigated.In a further set of experiments, the inuence of preconditioning the carrier powder by blending was compared with the performance of an unconditioned powder.A higher amount of ne carrier particles in interactive mixtures was found to improve the aerodynamic properties of dry powder inh alations.Fine carrier particles may form agglomerates with the micronized drug and deposit in the air stream according to the aerodynamic properties of the agglomerates, rather than that of the single particles.However, this effect also appears to be linked to the surface roughness of the more coarse carrier particles.A smoother surface of the coarse carrier particles may lead to formation of autoadhesion layers around them, wh ich can cause embedment of the micronized drug particles and thus hinder detachment during inhalation.The results obtained using preconditioned lactose monoh ydrate powders as opposed to unconditioned lactose monohyd rate powders suggest that preconditioning by blending can be dis advantageou s or of no importance in terms of the aerodyn amic behavior of dry powder inhalations for some lactose monohydrate batches, while it improves these properties for others.The surface roughness of the coarse carrier particles inuences the effect that preconditioning h as on the performance of dry powder inhalations.The data suggest that carrier materials with relatively smooth surfaces are indifferent to preconditioning in terms of the aerodyn amic properties of the dry powder inhal ations, whereas carrier powders with comparatively rough surfaces lose their ability to function as carrier particles for a micronized drug in a dry powder inhalation.The results indicate that a rugosity of the carrier particles of abou t 1.3 m m is optimal in terms of the function of a dry powder inh alation if preconditioning is sought.
Survival of Freeze-DriedLactobacillus bulgaricusKFRI 673 in Chitosan-Coated Calcium Alginate Microparticles (2004)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of alginate microparticles coated with three kinds of chitosans of different molecular weights on the survival of Lactobacillus bulgaricus KFRI 673 in simulated gastric (SGJ) and intestinal juices (SIJ) and on their stability during storage at 4 and 22 degrees C. L. bulgaricus KFRI 673 loaded in alginate microparticles was prepared by spraying the mixture of sodium alginate and cell culture into the calcium chloride solution using an air-atomizing device. When L. bulgaricus KFRI 673 was exposed to SGJ of pH 2.0 for 60 min, none of the microorganism survived. Contrary to this result, microbiological analysis indicated that microencapsulation in alginate microparticles improved the survival of acid-sensitive L. bulgaricus KFRI 673 in SGJ and that high molecular weight chitosan coating resulted in the highest survival in SGJ. To study storage stability of free and microencapsulated cells, in vitro studies were conducted at 4 and 22 degrees C during a 4 week period. Both free and microencapsulated cells showed similar stabilities during 4 weeks of storage at 4 degrees C. However, the stability of Lactobacillus at 22 degrees C was appreciably improved when loaded in high molecular weight chitosan-coated alginate microparticles. In conclusion, microencapsulation of lactic acid bacteria with alginate and chitosan coating offers an effective way of delivering viable bacterial cells to the colon and maintaining their survival during refrigerated storage.
General purpose packet satellite networks (1978)

The use of satellite communication techniques to provide integrated data network and point-to-point and conference speech services is discussed. The concept of a General Purpose Packet Satellite Network (GPSN) is introduced in terms of its requirements, and consideration is given to techniques that satisfy these requirements. The class of Priority Oriented Demand Assignment (PODA) algorithms is defined and compared with other packet-oriented demand assignment algorithms. PODA is shown to be well suited to the GPSN application. Networking and access protocol issues are considered in the context of a GPSN. The Atlantic Packet Satellite Experiment, an ongoing experimental program which is developing packet satellite technology, is described in some detail.
Global Proteome Analysis of the NCI-60 Cell Line Panel (2013)

The NCI-60 cell line collection is a very widely used panel for the study of cellular mechanisms of cancer in general and in vitro drug action in particular. It is a model system for the tissue types and genetic diversity of human cancers and has been extensively molecularly characterized. Here, we present a quantitative proteome and kinome profile of the NCI-60 panel covering, in total, 10,350 proteins (including 375 protein kinases) and including a core cancer proteome of 5,578 proteins that were consistently quantified across all tissue types. Bioinformatic analysis revealed strong cell line clusters according to tissue type and disclosed hundreds of differentially regulated proteins representing potential biomarkers for numerous tumor properties. Integration with public transcriptome data showed considerable similarity between mRNA and protein expression. Modeling of proteome and drug-response profiles for 108 FDA-approved drugs identified known and potential protein markers for drug sensitivity and resistance. To enable community access to this unique resource, we incorporated it into a public database for comparative and integrative analysis (http://wzw.tum.de/proteomics/nci60).
Layer by Layer Buildup of Polysaccharide Films: Physical Chemistry and Cellular Adhesion Aspects (2003)

The formation ofpolysaccharide films based on the alternate deposition of chitosan (CHI) and hyaluronan (HA) was investigated by several techniques. The multilayer buildup takes place in two stages: during the first stage, the surface is covered by isolated islets that grow and coalesce as the construction goes on. After several deposition steps, a continuous film is formed and the second stage of the buildup process takes place. The whole process is characterized by an exponential increase of the mass and thickness of the film with the number of deposition steps. This exponential growth mechanism is related to the ability of the polycation to diffuse "in" and "out" of the whole film at each deposition step. Using confocal laser microscopy and fluorescently labeled CHI, we show that such a diffusion behavior, already observed with poly(L-lysine) as a polycation, is also found with CHI, a polycation presenting a large persistence length. We also analyze the effect of the molecular weight (MW) of the diffusing polyelectrolyte (CHI) on the buildup process and observe a faster growth for low MW chitosan. The influence of the salt concentration during buildup is also investigated. Whereas the CHI/HA films grow rapidly at high salt concentration (0.15 M NaCl) with the formation of a uniform film after only a few deposition steps, it is very difficult to build the film at 10(-4) M NaCl. In this latter case, the deposited mass increases linearly with the number of deposition steps and the first deposition stage, where the surface is covered by islets, lasts at least up to 50 bilayer deposition steps. However, even at these low salt concentrations and in the islet configuration, CHI chains seem to diffuse in and out of the CHI/HA complexes. The linear mass increase of the film with the number of deposition steps despite the CHI diffusion is explained by a partial redissolution of the CHI/HA complexes forming the film during different steps of the buildup process. Finally, the uniform films built at high salt concentrations were also found to be chondrocyte resistant and, more interestingly, bacterial resistant. Therefore, the (CHI/HA) films may be used as an antimicrobial coating.
Life sciences - DNA computing from a signal processing viewpoint (2004)

In this article, an analysis of Adleman's experiment and a review of DNA computing applications from a signal-processing point of view are provided. In addition, certain key parts of DNA computing are emphasized, such as the code word design, to which the application of signal processing theory and techniques can offer significant advantages. The goal of this article is to introduce to the signal processing community a new unexplored area of research.
Using Kerberos in operations systems (2002)

The author discusses the use of the Kerberos authentication technology in securing operations systems (OSs) interfaces. He begins with a problem description, and discusses the need for a solution. Kerberos is briefly introduced. A feasibility prototype is described which addresses various vulnerabilities in an OS-OS interface where the prototype solution is applicable to a wide range of OSs, and requires little modification to the upstream system, no modification to either downstream system, and little modification to either underlying operating environment. It is concluded that Kerberos is viable for implementing a generic authentication service within a communications subsystem used by many OSs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Alignment and Sensitive Detection of DNA by a Moving Interface (1994)

In a process called "molecular combining," DNA molecules attached at one end to a solid surface were extended and aligned by a receding air-water interface and left to dry on the surface. Molecular combing was observed to extend the length of the bacteriophage lambda DNA molecule to 21.5 +/- 0.5 micrometers (unextended length, 16.2 micrometers). With the combing process, it was possible to (i) extend a chromosomal Escherichia coli DNA fragment (10(6) base pairs) and (ii) detect a minute quantity of DNA (10(3) molecules). These results open the way for a faster physical mapping of the genome and for the detection of small quantities of target DNA from a population of molecules.
Functional Micro-Organization of Primary Visual Cortex: Receptive Field Analysis of Nearby Neurons (1999)

It is well established that multiple stimulus dimensions (e.g., orientation and spatial frequency) are mapped onto the surface of striate cortex. However, the detailed organization of neurons within a local region of striate cortex remains unclear. Within a vertical column, do all neurons have the same response selectivities? And if not, how do they most commonly differ and why? To address these questions, we recorded from nearby pairs of simple cells and made detailed spatiotemporal maps of their receptive fields. From these maps, we extracted and analyzed a variety of response metrics. Our results provide new insights into the local organization of striate cortex. First, we show that nearby neurons seldom have very similar receptive fields, when these fields are characterized in space and time. Thus, there may be less redundancy within a column than previously thought. Moreover, we show that correlated discharge increases with receptive field similarity; thus, the local dissimilarity between neurons may allow for noise reduction by response pooling. Second, we show that several response variables are clustered within striate cortex, including some that have not received much attention such as response latency and temporal frequency. We also demonstrate that other parameters are not clustered, including the spatial phase (or symmetry) of the receptive field. Third, we show that spatial phase is the single parameter that accounts for most of the difference between receptive fields of nearby neurons. We consider the implications of this local diversity of spatial phase for population coding and construction of higher-order receptive fields.
Hippocampal cells have behavioral correlates during the performance of an auditory working memory task in the rat. (1990)

Single unit activity was recorded from the rat hippocampal CA1 and CA3 subfields, dentate gyrus (DG), entorhinal cortex (EC), subicular complex (SB), motor cortex (MC), prefrontal cortex (PFC), and dorsomedial thalamus (DMT) during performance of a continuous non-matching-to-sample task. The rats made go and no-go responses to indicate whether the current tone was the same as (match) or different from (nonmatch) the preceding tone. About half of the units from the MC, CA1, CA3, and DG had motor correlates, increments of activity immediately prior to a go response. This suggests that those regions are involved in making a response. The CA1 and CA3 had more units with comparison-motor correlates, increases of activity prior to a correct go response on nonmatch trials. This pattern of activity suggests that the CA1 and CA3 are involved in a mnemonic process of comparison between retained and current stimuli in a nonspatial auditory task.