gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Disease modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis: Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the MS Council for Clinical Practice Guidelines [RETIRED] (2002)

Overview. Clinical types of MS. MS is a chronic recurrent inflammatory disorder of the CNS. 2] Common symptoms include sensory disturbances in the limbs, optic nerve dysfunction, pyramidal tract dysfunction, bladder or bowel dysfunction, sexual dysfunction, ataxia, and diplopia. our different clinical courses of MS have been defined. The first, relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), is characterized by self-limited attacks of neurologic dysfunction. These attacks develop acutely, evolving over days to weeks. Over the next several weeks to months, most patients experience a recovery of function that is often (but not always) complete. Between attacks the patient is neurologically and symptomatically stable. The second clinical course, secondary progressive MS (SPMS), begins as RRMS, but at some point the attack rate is reduced and the course becomes characterized by a steady deterioration in function unrelated to acute attacks. The third clinical type, primary progressive MS (PPMS), is characterized by a steady decline in function from the beginning without acute attacks. The fourth type, progressive-relapsing MS (PRMS), also begins with a progressive course although these patients also experience occasional attacks.
Domain requirement of moenomycin binding to bifunctional transglycosylases and development of high-throughput discovery of antibiotics (2008)

Moenomycin inhibits bacterial growth by blocking the transglycosylase activity of class A penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), which are key enzymes in bacterial cell wall synthesis. We compared the binding affinities of moenomycin A with various truncated PBPs by using surface plasmon resonance analysis and found that the transmembrane domain is important for moenomycin binding. Full-length class A PBPs from 16 bacterial species were produced, and their binding activities showed a correlation with the antimicrobial activity of moenomycin against Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. On the basis of these findings, a fluorescence anisotropy-based high-throughput assay was developed and used successfully for identification of transglycosylase inhibitors.
Ruxolitinib improves symptoms and quality of life in a patient with systemic mastocytosis (2016)

Ruxolitinib significantly improved symptoms and quality of life in our patient with systemic mastocytosis.
Local delivery of c‐myc neutrally charged antisense oligonucleotides with transport catheter inhibits myointimal hyperplasia and positively affects vascular remodeling in the rabbit balloon injury model (2001)

Myointimal hyperplasia after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is a key component of the process of restenosis. The c-myc is a critical cell-cycle division protein involved in the formation of neointima. We evaluated the long-term impact of local delivery of c-myc neutrally charged antisense oligonucleotides (Resten-NG) on myointimal hyperplasia after PTCA in a rabbit model. PTCA was performed in the iliac arteries of 25 New Zealand white rabbits, using a Transport catheter at 8 atm for 30 sec, three times; 500 microg Resten-NG (n = 11) or saline (n = 14) was delivered to the PTCA site at 2 atm with the outer balloon for 2 min. The diet was supplemented with 0.25% cholesterol for 10 days before and 60 days after PTCA. Angiography was performed at harvest, and vessels were fixed in formalin, processed, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Movat. Quantitative angiography showed that local delivery of antisense c-myc at PTCA reduced late luminal loss from 1.8 +/- 0.30 mm in control animals to 0.90 +/- 0.30 mm in the treatment group (P = 0.001). Histological analysis by planimetry showed that intimal areas were 1.67 +/- 0.44 mm(2) and 0.82 +/- 0.32 mm(2) in the control and antisense delivery groups, respectively (P < 0.05). We conclude that local delivery of Resten-NG inhibited myointimal hyperplasia after PTCA in cholesterol-fed rabbits for up to 60 days.
Impact of Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Peptide on Age-Induced Bone Loss (2007)

Our data show that elevated GIP levels prevent age-related loss of bone mass and bone strength and suggest that age-related decreases in GIP receptor expression in BMSCs may play a pathophysiological role in this bone loss. We conclude that elevations in GIP may be an effective countermeasure to age-induced bone loss.
Central Nervous System in Diabetes Mellitus (1965)

RETROSPECTIVE studies which had been designed to yield data about the frequency and topography of nervous system vascular lesions in diabetic patients coincidentally revealed a striking paucity of intracranial neoplasms in the same group.<sup>1</sup>The present communication represents a summary of these unanticipated findings and is based upon observations taken from 9,223 autopsies. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> The autopsies which form the basis of this study were performed at Kings County Hospital Center during the period from 1953 to 1963 and represent all autopsy examinations, during this interval, in which the central nervous system was studied. Excluded, however, are those patients who died, either in transit to the hospital or in the admitting room, before any historical information or pertinent laboratory tests could establish or exclude the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. There were very few patients in this category. The general autopsies were undertaken by the resident physicians in pathology
Shared Descriptions Fusion Coding for Storage and Selective Retrieval of Correlated Sources (2008)

Motivated by sensor networks, we consider the fusion storage of correlated sources in a database, such that any subset of them may be efficiently retrieved in the future. Only statistical information about future queries is available during encoding and storage. Fusion coding of correlated sources poses new challenges due to the conflicting objectives of exploiting inter-source correlations and enabling efficient selective retrieval. Practical signal compression imposes additional constraints on system complexity. We propose a shared-descriptions approach for the design of lossy fusion coding systems, to manage the precise tradeoffs between storage rate, retrieval rate, distortion and system complexity, within one unified framework. An iterative descent algorithm is derived for the design of such fusion coders. The optimized system provides significant gains over traditional quantization techniques that are not directly optimized for fusion coding.
Re‐adapting T cells for cancer therapy: from mouse models to clinical trials (2013)

Adoptive T-cell therapy involves the isolation, expansion, and reinfusion of T lymphocytes with a defined specificity and function as a means to eradicate cancer. Our research has focused on specifying the requirements for tumor eradication with antigen-specific T cells and T cells transduced to express a defined T-cell receptor (TCR) in mouse models and then translating these strategies to clinical trials. Our design of T-cell-based therapy for cancer has reflected efforts to identify the obstacles that limit sustained effector T-cell activity in mice and humans, design approaches to enhance T-cell persistence, develop methods to increase TCR affinity/T-cell functional avidity, and pursue strategies to overcome tolerance and immunosuppression. With the advent of genetic engineering, a highly functional population of T cells can now be rapidly generated and tailored for the targeted malignancy. Preclinical studies in faithful and informative mouse models, in concert with knowledge gained from analyses of successes and limitations in clinical trials, are shaping how we continue to develop, refine, and broaden the applicability of this approach for cancer therapy.
A neural net controller for robots with Hebbian tuning and guaranteed tracking (2005)

A neural network controller structure is developed for general unknown serial-link robot manipulators. The control structure is based on a 3-layer neural network learning on-line using modified Hebbian rules. Under some mild assumptions, a Lyapunov proof guarantees that both tracking error and weight estimate errors are bounded and some specific bounds are given. Using Hebbian tuning rules in each layer of the neural network brings a relatively simple adaptation structure and offers computational advantages over gradient descent based algorithms. Without a preliminary off-line training phase, the network weights are easily initialized to enable on-line learning in real-time.
Immunosuppressive effects of mouse seminal plasma components in vivo and in vitro. (1982)

Mouse seminal plasma (SP), a mixture of aqueous extracts of prostate, seminal vesicle, and epididymis, exerts potent immunosuppressive effects in vivo. The SP mixture completely suppressed both primary and secondary humoral immune responses in mice to low immunizing doses of antigen (bovine serum albumin or washed epididymal sperm), and also significantly suppressed the antibody response to high doses of immunizing antigen. The humoral immune response to epididymal sperm was also suppressed when sperm were incubated in SP and then washed before immunization and when SP was administered at a secondary site (i. p.) at the time of sperm immunization (subcutaneous). When SP components were tested individually in in vitro assays, all of them (prostate, seminal vesicle, and epididymis) suppressed mitogen-induced lymphocyte transformation. Prostatic fluid also inhibited complement-mediated hemolysis in a standard immune hemolytic assay. These data indicate that potent immunosuppressive factors are present at several locations within the male reproductive tract; these factors may serve to protect sperm from immunologic damage and prevent sensitization of females to sperm antigens after insemination.
A Metabolic Bypass of the Triosephosphate Isomerase Reaction (2008)

Triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) catalyzes the interconversion of d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate, an essential step in glycolytic and gluconeogenic metabolism. To uncover promiscuous isomerases embedded within the Escherichia coli genome, we searched for genes capable of restoring growth of a TIM-deficient bacterium under gluconeogenic conditions. Rather than discovering an isomerase, we selected yghZ, a gene encoding a member of the aldo-keto reductase superfamily. Here we show that YghZ catalyzes the stereospecific, NADPH-dependent reduction of l-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, the enantiomer of the TIM substrate. This transformation provides an alternate pathway to the formation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate.
Efficient Computation of the Jacobian for Robot Manipulators (1984)

This paper discucsses and compares six different methods for calculating the Jacobian for a general N-degree-of freedom manipulator. We enumerate the computational efficiency of each in terms of the total number of multiplications, addi tions/subtractions, and trigonometric functions required as well as in terms of the number of matrix-vector operations needed. We also give the execution times on a PDP-11/70 minicomputer for determining the Jacobian for an example seven-degree-of-freedom manipulator. This paper formulates one of the best new methods for determining the Jacobian.
Inheritance of the Vernalization Response Determined by Doubled Haploids in Spring Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) (1998)

The presence of a vernalization requirement can delay floral initiation until the cold requirement of the plant has been satisfied. Breeders attempting to develop early‐maturing cultivars should be aware and have an understanding of the genetic basis of factors such as vernalization response to assess potential impact on their programs. The ability to generate doubled haploid (DH) lines from oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ) has led to the use of DH populations in genetic studies. The objective of this study was to determine the mode of inheritance of the vernalization response in spring B. napus with DH lines. A set of Fl‐derived DH lines from crosses between spring oilseed rape parent lines were evaluated for their response to vernalization. The use of DH lines allowed the exposure of the individuals of identical genotype to two differentreatments, vernalization and no vernalization. The vernalization treatment consisted of exposure of germinated seeds for 2 wk at 4°C. Seeds of the non‐vernalized treatment were germinated at 22°C. Comparison between treatments of the final leaf number on the main raceme (FLN) was used to assess the vernalization response. The results indicated that there is a gene for nonresponse to vernalization in the spring oilseed rape cultivar Karat. FLN offers a direct measure of vernalization response, since leaf initiation ceases when floral initiation begins.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical‐Ion Building Blocks for Organic Magnetic Materials: Computational and Experimental Approaches (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Evolution of NADPH Oxidase Inhibitors: Selectivity and Mechanisms for Target Engagement (2014)

The development of isoform-selective NOX inhibitors and biologicals will enable reliable validation of specific NOX isoforms in disease models other than the mouse. Finally, GKT137831, the first NOX inhibitor in clinical development, is poised to provide proof of principle for the clinical potential of NOX inhibition.
Alternative pathways for hydrogen disposal during fermentation in the human colon. (1990)

Hydrogen gas, which is produced during fermentation in the human colon, is either excreted in breath or metabolised by gut bacteria through a variety of pathways. These may include methanogenesis, dissimilatory sulphate reduction, and acetogenesis. To determine which of these routes predominates in the large intestine, stools were taken from 30 healthy subjects and incubated as 5% (w/v) slurries with Lintner's starch. In 23 of 30 subjects, methane production was the main method of hydrogen disposal. In the remaining seven, high rates of sulphate reduction were recorded together with raised production of H2S. All samples showed relatively low rates of hydrogen evolution and of acetate formation from CO2 and H2. Sulphate reduction and methanogenesis seem to be mutually exclusive in the colon and this is probably linked to sulphate availability. Sulphate reduction, methanogenesis, and acetogenesis were strongly influenced by pH. Sulphate reduction was optimal at alkaline pH values whereas methane production was maximal at a neutral pH and acetogenesis favoured acidic conditions. Faecal H2S values were related to carriage of sulphate reducing bacteria. These data show that a number of competing pathways for hydrogen disposal are possible in the large gut and that a variety of factors such as colonic pH and sulphate availability can determine which of these mechanisms predominates.
Sparcle: an evolutionary processor design for large-scale multiprocessors (1993)

The design of the Sparcle chip, which incorporates mechanisms required for massively parallel systems in a Sparc RISC core, is described. Coupled with a communications and memory management chip (CMMU) Sparcle allows a fast, 14-cycle context switch, an 8-cycle user-level message send, and fine-grain full/empty-bit synchronization. Sparcle's fine-grain computation, memory latency tolerance, and efficient message interface are discussed. The implementation of Sparcle as a CPU for the Alewife machine is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Novel Oncolytic Adenovirus Expressing Escherichia coli Cytosine Deaminase Exhibits Potent Antitumor Effect on Human Solid Tumors (2010)

As telomerase is reactivated in a broad spectrum of tumors and prodrug 5-FC is much safe than its metabolized 5-fluorouracil, a chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of many malignancies, Ad.hTERT-E1A/CMV-CD in combination with 5-FC may be a potential strategy for the treatment of a wide range of solid tumors.
Benefits of wavelength translation in all-optical clear-channel networks (1996)

In this paper, we study the benefits of wavelength translation in all-optical networks providing clear channel circuit-switching among users. We first establish approximate analytical models for a static-routing circuit-switched network with an arbitrary topology, both with and without wavelength translation. We then study the performance of the nonblocking centralized switch, the mesh-torus network and the ring network, using the analytical models and simulation results. It is shown that the analytical models match the simulation results very well in the case of the centralized switch and the mesh network. The results of our study also show that the benefits of wavelength translation are modest for the centralized switch and the ring network. On the other hand, the results show that wavelength translation can significantly improve the performance of a large mesh-torus network.
Shell-Isolated Nanoparticle-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: Expanding the Versatility of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (2011)

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful technique for detection and characterization because of its extremely high sensitivity and the rich structural information that it can offer. However, most SERS substrates are composed of Au, Ag, or Cu, and a lack of substrate generality has greatly limited the breadth of the use of SERS. Recently, we have devised a method by which SERS can be obtained from virtually any surface. Au nanoparticles are coated with ultrathin silica shells. The Au core provides Raman signal enhancement; the silica shell prevents the core from coming into direct contact with probe/analyte molecules or the surface over which these particles are spread (i.e., prevents the contamination of the chemical system under study). In the present review, we expand upon previous discussion of the enhancement mechanism; procedures for the synthesis and characterization of our nanoparticles; and applications in surface chemistry, electrochemistry, and inspection.
Gold Nanoparticle-Enabled Blood Test for Early Stage Cancer Detection and Risk Assessment (2015)

When citrate ligands-capped gold nanoparticles are mixed with blood sera, a protein corona is formed on the nanoparticle surface due to the adsorption of various proteins in the blood to the nanoparticles. Using a two-step gold nanoparticle-enabled dynamic light scattering assay, we discovered that the amount of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the gold nanoparticle protein corona is increased in prostate cancer patients compared to noncancer controls. Two pilot studies conducted on blood serum samples collected at Florida Hospital and obtained from Prostate Cancer Biorespository Network (PCBN) revealed that the test has a 90-95% specificity and 50% sensitivity in detecting early stage prostate cancer, representing a significant improvement over the current PSA test. The increased amount of human IgG found in the protein corona is believed to be associated with the autoantibodies produced in cancer patients as part of the immunodefense against tumor. Proteomic analysis of the nanoparticle protein corona revealed molecular profile differences between cancer and noncancer serum samples. Autoantibodies and natural antibodies produced in cancer patients in response to tumorigenesis have been found and detected in the blood of many cancer types. The test may be applicable for early detection and risk assessment of a broad spectrum of cancer. This new blood test is simple, low cost, requires only a few drops of blood sample, and the results are obtained within minutes. The test is well suited for screening purpose. More extensive studies are being conducted to further evaluate and validate the clinical potential of the new test.
Extending desktop applications to the web (2004)

Web applications have become the major means to allow ubiquitous access to backend systems via a web browser. Several technologies such as JSP, ASP.NET, or Java Server Faces exist today that help in developing web applications. These technologies do not support the migration of existing legacy desktop applications written with a GUI class library such as Swing, Qt, or GTK to web applications. The framework presented in this paper allows the programmer to expose arbitrary desktop applications as web applications without requiring any changes in the source code of that application. Dialogs are rendered using HTML and JavaScript and a flexible event model transparently forwards user interaction at a web browser to the application running at the backend. By employing a cross-language compiler it is also possible to transparently execute parts of the application on the client side inside the web browser.
Injured neurons in the olfactory bulb of the adult rat grow axons along grafts of peripheral nerve (1985)

Certain neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) of adult mammals extend axons for several cm along peripheral nerve grafts inserted into the brain or spinal cord. It is not clear, however, if these nerve cells constitute a special population or are examples of a general capacity of the injured mammalian CNS to regrow processes under these experimental conditions. Furthermore, because the new axons could originate by collateral sprouting from uninjured neurons, it is important to prove that the interruption of a central axonal projection can be followed by extensive fiber regrowth from the damaged neurons. In this anatomical study, we examined whether: (1) nerve cell type; and (2) axotomy, influence CNS axon regrowth along peripheral nerve grafts. For this purpose, we grafted segments of sciatic nerve into the olfactory bulb (OB) of adult rats and used combinations of neuroanatomical tracers (horseradish peroxidase and the fluorescent dyes True Blue and Nuclear Yellow) to investigate axonal regrowth from the different neurons that normally populate the OB. We demonstrate that OB axons extending along peripheral nerve grafts originate from mitral and tufted cells near the graft tip, rather than from the smaller OB neurons (periglomerular, short axon, and granule cells). Most of the mitral and tufted cells that extend new axons in grafted peripheral nerve segments lose their normal projections through the lateral olfactory tract because of axotomy at the time of grafting. Neuronal type, damage, and proximity to the graft appear to be prerequisites of this regenerative response from the OB.
A Novel Transcriptional Activator Originating from an Upstream Promoter in the Human Growth Hormone Gene (1995)

Transcription of the human growth hormone gene can start in vitro and in vivo 197 base pairs upstream from the cap site of growth hormone mRNA (Courtois, S. J., Lafontaine, D., and Rousseau, G. G. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 19736-19743). We have now characterized the mRNA that originates from this optional promoter and have found that it occurs in human hypophysis and placenta but not in 10 other tissues. This mRNA contains an open reading frame for a protein of 107 residues that shares sequence similarity with three domains of hepatic nuclear factor-1alpha. With antibodies directed against a peptide corresponding to the C terminus of this protein, immunoreactive material was detected in a subset of cells of the adenohypophysis. When fused to the DNA-binding domain of the yeast transcription factor GAL4, the protein stimulated transcription from a GAL4-sensitive reporter gene in transiently transfected pituitary and placental cells.