gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Click Chemistry: Versatility and Control in the Hands of Materials Scientists (2007)

Abstract The increasing need for materials with tightly controlled structures will continue to fuel the induction of synthetic organic concepts into materials science. One powerful example is the embracement of “click chemistry” by the materials science community. Because of their high selectivity, near‐perfect reliability, high yields, and exceptional tolerance towards a wide range of functional groups and reaction conditions click reactions have recently attracted increased attention, specifically for use in polymer synthesis as well as for the modification of surfaces and nanometer‐ and mesoscale structures. As outlined in this Review article, click chemistry, such as the Cu I ‐catalyzed Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition and the Diels–Alder reaction, presents a synthetic concept that lends itself superbly to the controlled preparation of multifunctional materials.
Genomic sequence for human prointerleukin 1 beta: possible evolution from a reverse transcribed prointerleukin 1 alpha gene (1987)

The legend to Figure 7 should be corrected as follows: Figure 7. Southern blot analysis of Hind III restriction fragments of human genomic DNA derived from different cell sources which hybridize to radio-labeled proIL-1β cDNA. DNA samples in each lane are: (l) bacteriophage clone BDC-454, (2) placenta, (3) HeLa, (4) U937, (5) THP-1, (6) monocyte, (7) leukocyte, (8) Colo 16. The BDC-454 clone was digested with both Hind III and Sal I to remove the genomic insert from the X vector sequence. The sizes of fragments are indicated in kilobase pairs. These corrections do not alter the conclusions of the paper.
Lanthanum chloride inhibition of the secretory response to Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (1982)

Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) appears to cause intestinal fluid secretion by activating intestinal particulate guanylate cyclase. Recent studies suggest that chlorpromazine and quinacrine reduce the intestinal secretory response to ST and activation of guanylate cyclase by ST. We have examined the effects of lanthanum chloride, another agent that has been shown to inhibit calcium-dependent cellular processes, on the intestinal secretory response to ST and on the inhibition of ST by chlorpromazine and quinacrine. Lanthanum (2.5 to 10 mumol per mouse) reduced ST-mediated intestinal fluid secretion in the suckling mouse assay by 40 to 56%, respectively, but did not reduce basal fluid accumulation or ST activation of particulate guanylate cyclase. Intestinal fluid secretion in suckling mice induced by 8-bromocyclic GMP was also reduced by lanthanum. When subeffective doses of lanthanum and chlorpromazine were combined, they blocked both ST- and 8-bromocyclic GMP-mediated gut secretion in suckling mice. Likewise, the combination of subeffective doses of lanthanum and quinacrine reduced ST-mediated gut secretion in suckling mice. However, 8-bromocyclic GMP-induced secretion was not synergistically inhibited by lanthanum and quinacrine. These results suggest that lanthanum blocks ST-induced secretion after ST activation of guanylate cyclase. Additionally, lanthanum potentiates the inhibitory effects of quinacrine and chlorpromazine on ST and suggests that combination antisecretory therapy deserves further exploration.
EnsemBlue: integrating distributed storage and consumer electronics (2006)

EnsemBlue is a distributed file system for personal multimedia that incorporates both general-purpose computers and consumer electronic devices (CEDs). Ensem-Blue leverages the capabilities of a few general-purpose computers to make CEDs first class clients of the file system. It supports namespace diversity by translating between its distributed namespace and the local namespaces of CEDs. It supports extensibility through persistent queries, a robust event notification mechanism that leverages the underlying cache consistency protocols of the file system. Finally, it allows mobile clients to self-organize and share data through device ensembles. Our results show that these features impose little overhead, yet they enable the integration of emerging platforms such as digital cameras, MP3 players, and DVRs.
DC-SIGN Is the Major Mycobacterium tuberculosis Receptor on Human Dendritic Cells (2002)

Early interactions between lung dendritic cells (LDCs) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis, are thought to be critical for mounting a protective anti-mycobacterial immune response and for determining the outcome of infection. However, these interactions are poorly understood, at least at the molecular level. Here we show that M. tuberculosis enters human monocyte-derived DCs after binding to the recently identified lectin DC-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN). By contrast, complement receptor (CR)3 and mannose receptor (MR), which are the main M. tuberculosis receptors on macrophages (Mphis), appeared to play a minor role, if any, in mycobacterial binding to DCs. The mycobacteria-specific lipoglycan lipoarabinomannan (LAM) was identified as a key ligand of DC-SIGN. Freshly isolated human LDCs were found to express DC-SIGN, and M. tuberculosis-derived material was detected in CD14(-)HLA-DR(+)DC-SIGN(+) cells in lymph nodes (LNs) from patients with tuberculosis. Thus, as for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which is captured by the same receptor, DC-SIGN-mediated entry of M. tuberculosis in DCs in vivo is likely to influence bacterial persistence and host immunity.
Development and Characterization of Cationic Liposomes Conjugated with HVJ (Sendai Virus): Reciprocal Effect of Cationic Lipid for In Vitro and In Vivo Gene Transfer (1997)

Today, nonviral gene transfer vectors attract more attention as a therapeutic strategy for human diseases, because viral vectors such as adenoviral and herpes viral vectors have been proven to have problems, especially in immunogenicity and cytotoxicity. However, the main limitation of nonviral vectors has been low efficiency of gene expression. To overcome this defect, we have developed a new class of transfection vehicles, HVJ-cationic liposomes. The use of the cationic lipid DC-cholesterol facilitates efficient entrapment of negatively charged macromolecules (plasmid DNA, oligodeoxynucleotides, and proteins) and efficient interaction with negatively charged plasma membranes of cultured cells in vitro. Moreover, the fusogenic envelope proteins of hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ) enhance delivery of the enclosed materials into cells. Using firefly luciferase as a marker, we optimized the liposome formula. As a result, we have succeeded in obtaining 100-800 times higher gene expression in vitro than with the conventional HVJ-anionic liposomes. However, in vivo gene transfer experiments have revealed that the use of cationic lipid instead of anionic lipid reduced the transgene expression dramatically in organs such as muscle and liver. We further discovered that the use of anionic liposomes with a viral-mimic king lipid composition increased transfection efficiency by several times in vivo. We conclude that the alternative usage of transfer vectors, for example, HVJ-anionic liposomes for in vivo delivery to extended areas of organs and HVJ-cationic liposomes for in vitro delivery (and possibly for in vivo delivery to a restricted area of organs), is of significance.
Esophageal squamous cell carcinomas arising in patients from a high-risk area of North China lack an association with Epstein-Barr virus. (1999)

The aim of this study was to determine whether EBV associates with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the most common malignancy in some parts of northern China, because these tumors frequently have an intense lymphocyte infiltrate. Fifty-one paraffin-embedded samples of ESCC from a high-risk area of North China were studied. The tumors included 9 well-differentiated, 31 moderately differentiated, and 11 poorly differentiated tumors. The cancer tissues and their nonmalignant adjacent mucosa (16 dysplastic and 42 normal) were evaluated by in situ hybridization using an antisense EBV-encoded RNA-1 probe and PCR amplification for EBV BamHI W fragment. In all cases, EBV was negative by both in situ hybridization and PCR. Our study suggests that EBV does not play a role in the carcinogenesis of ESCC in the geographic region.
A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of safinamide as add‐on therapy in early Parkinson's disease patients (2011)

Safinamide is an α-aminoamide with both dopaminergic and nondopaminergic mechanisms of action evaluated as an add-on to dopamine agonist (DA) therapy in early-stage PD. In this 24-week, double-blind study, patients with early PD receiving a stable dose of a single DA were randomized to once-daily safinamide 100 mg, safinamide 200 mg, or placebo. The primary efficacy variable was UPDRS part III (motor examination) total score. Analysis was hierarchical: 200 mg of safinamide versus placebo was tested first; the success of safinamide 100 mg versus placebo was contingent on this. Two hundred sixty-nine patients received safinamide 100 mg (n = 90), safinamide 200 mg (n = 89), or placebo (n = 90); 70, 81, and 81 patients, respectively, completed the study. Mean improvements from baseline to week 24 in UPDRS III total scores were -3.90 for safinamide 200 mg, -6.0 for safinamide 100 mg and -3.60 for placebo. The difference between safinamide 200 mg and placebo was not significant [point estimate: -0.4; 95% confidence interval (CI): -2.3-1.4; P = 0.6504]. Although the difference between 100 mg/day and placebo was significant (point estimate: -1.9; 95% CI: -3.7 to -0.1; P = 0.0419), these results are considered exploratory. No clinically meaningful differences from placebo were observed for any safety variables. This study did not demonstrate a significant improvement of the primary endpoint for safinamide 200 mg/day. Exploratory analysis of the primary endpoint for 100 mg/day demonstrated that the addition of safinamide to a stable dose of DA improves motor symptoms in early PD and warrants further investigation.
Single-Step Antigen Loading and Activation of Dendritic Cells by mRNA Electroporation for the Purpose of Therapeutic Vaccination in Melanoma Patients (2009)

TriMix DCs coelectroporated with whole tumor-antigen mRNA stimulate antigen-specific T cells in vitro and induce antigen-specific T-cell responses in melanoma patients through vaccination. Therefore, they represent a promising new approach for antitumor immunotherapy.
Integrating unicast and multicast traffic scheduling in a combined input- and output-queued packet-switching system (2002)

The problem of scheduling multicast traffic in packet switches is considered, and existing solutions based on purely input- or output-queued switches are reviewed. These are based exclusively on FIFO input queues, and are thus prone to head-of-line blocking. Furthermore, unicast and multicast traffic are typically queued and scheduled separately. A new, combined input- and output-queued approach is presented that (a) eliminates head-of-line blocking by applying virtual output queuing, and (b) handles unicast and multicast traffic in an integrated, fair way without sacrificing performance. Implementation as well as performance simulation results of the proposed architecture are presented to demonstrate its feasibility.
Tumor Necrosis Factor α Mediates Homogeneous Distribution of Liposomes in Murine Melanoma that Contributes to a Better Tumor Response (2007)

Successful treatment of solid tumors with chemotherapeutics requires that adequate levels reach the tumor cells. Tumor vascular normalization has been proposed to enhance drug delivery and improve tumor response to chemotherapy. Differently, augmenting leakage of the tumor-associated vasculature, and as such enhance vascular abnormality, may improve tumor response as well. In the present study, we show that addition of low-dose tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) to systemic injections with pegylated long circulating liposomes augmented the tumor accumulation of these liposomes 5- to 6-fold, which strongly correlated with enhanced tumor response. Using intravital microscopy, we could study the liposomal distribution inside the tumor in more detail. Especially 100 nm liposomes effectively extravasate in the surrounding tumor tissue in the presence of TNF and this occurred without any effect on tumor vascular density, branching, and diameter. Next to that, we observed in living animals that tumor cells take up the liposomes intact, followed by intracellular degradation. To our knowledge, this is an unprecedented observation. Taken together, TNF renders more tumor vessels permeable, leading to a more homogeneous distribution of the liposomes throughout the tumor, which is crucial for an optimal tumor response. We conclude that delivery of nanoparticulate drug formulations to solid tumor benefits from augmenting the vascular leakage through vascular manipulation with vasoactive drugs like TNF.
Expression of bcl-2 in Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines: induction by latent Epstein-Barr virus genes (1992)

Abstract The bcl-2 oncogene blocks programmed cell death (apoptosis). Epstein- Barr virus (EBV) can immortalize B lymphocytes into continuously growing lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) by the coordinate expression of at least 9 latent genes (EBV nuclear antigen [EBNA] 1–6, latent membrane protein [LMP], and terminal proteins [TP] 1 and 2). We analyzed transcription and expression of bcl-2 and latent EBV genes in Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cell lines with a germinal center phenotype (group I) as well as activated BL cell lines (group III) and LCLs. We found high expression of bcl-2 as well as the full spectrum of latent EBV genes in LCLs and activated group III BL cell lines. Group I BL cells expressed little or no bcl-2, EBNA-2, and LMP. Superinfection with nondefective EBV or an EBNA-2-defective virus as well as transfection with EBNA-2- or LMP-carrying vectors into the EBV-negative cell lines RAMOS, DG75, U698, or BJAB induced upregulation of bcl-2 expression. The strongest effect on bcl-2 was obtained by transfection with LMP, or infection with the nondefective virus. No change of bcl-2 expression was observed with EBNA-1. Our data indicate that the immortalization capacity of EBV and the growth advantage of EBV- positive compared with EBV-negative BL cells in vitro may predominantly be mediated via induction of bcl-2 and the main effectors are EBNA-2 and LMP.
Multidimensional strain field measurements using fiber optic grating sensors (2000)

Fiber optic grating sensors written into polarization preserving optical fiber may be used to monitor multidimensional strain fields in composite materials. This paper provides an overview of the characterization and test of multiaxis fiber grating sensors formed by writing 1300 and 1550 nm fiber gratings into polarization preserving optical fiber. A discussion of the usage of these multiaxis fiber grating sensors to measure two and three dimensional strain fields will be made. A brief review of practical applications of the technology to measure shear strain, transverse strain gradients as well as axial and traverse strain will be made with emphasis on aerospace and civil structure applications.
Position-Location/Navigation Systems Overview for Military Land Vehicles (1979)

Abstract : Position-location/navigation systems are overviewed tutorially for possible application to military land vehicles. The overview includes position- location by celestial navigation, rho/theta systems, hyperbolic systems, radar, inertial systems and satellite systems. Potential advantages and disadvantages of applying various position-location systems to military land vehicles are suggested.
Monensin and Brefeldin A Inhibit High Density Lipoprotein- mediated Cholesterol Efflux from Cholesterol-enriched Cells (1995)

Mechanisms and pathways of excess cholesterol removal from intracellular sites of accumulation to extracellular cholesterol acceptors remain poorly defined. To gain further insights, compounds known to affect cellular protein transport pathways were tested for their effects on high density lipoprotein (HDL)-mediated cholesterol efflux from cultured cells enriched with cholesterol. Monensin, nigericin, and brefeldin A inhibited the ability of HDL to decrease cellular cholesterol esterification, stimulate sterol biosynthesis, and promote the efflux of labeled cholesterol and cholesterol mass from fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. HDL-mediated decrease in cell cholesterol esterification was inhibited up to 80% by these compounds compared with control incubations over an HDL concentration of 5-100 micrograms/ml and up to 18 h of incubation. Up-regulation of sterol biosynthesis after depletion of cell cholesterol by HDL increased over 10-fold; however, inclusion of monensin or brefeldin A during the incubation completely prevented the increase of sterol biosynthesis by HDL. Efflux of [3H]cholesterol to HDL from prelabeled cells was inhibited up to 40% by these compounds, and this effect persisted when cholesterol esterification was blocked. Similarly, monensin and brefeldin A inhibited up to 50% of HDL-mediated cholesterol mass efflux relative to controls. Treatment of cells with cholesterol oxidase demonstrated an increase of intracellular cholesterol after exposure to monensin or nigericin and to a lesser extent with brefeldin A. These data show that monensin, nigericin, and brefeldin A sequester cholesterol from sites normally available for efflux by HDL. Since these compounds act by disruption of Golgi complex structure and function, a role for this intracellular organelle in transport of cholesterol between intracellular sites and the plasma membrane for eventual removal by extracellular acceptors such as HDL is suggested.
Altromycins, novel pluramycin-like antibiotics. II. Isolation and elucidation of structure. (1990)

A novel complex of Gram-positive antibiotics was produced from the fermentation of an actinomycete culture AB 1246E-26. The antibiotics were recovered from the whole fermentation broth by extraction with organic solvent and isolated using counter-current chromatography. UV and IR data place these compounds in the anthraquinone-derived class of antibiotics. Mass spectral and NMR data indicate a new complex of compounds related to, but distinctly different from the pluramycin type antibiotics.
Immunohistochemical profile of basement membrane proteins and 72 kilodalton type IV collagenase in the implantation placental site. An integrated view. (1992)

An immunohistochemical study was performed to investigate the interactions between trophoblast and the extracellular matrix in the implantation site of early pregnancies. Two basement membrane-related proteins (type IV collagen and laminin), as well as the expression of the 72 kilodalton type IV collagenase, were studied with affinity-purified antibodies. human placental lactogen, human chorionic gonadotropins, and AE1/AE3 cytokeratins were used to identify the different cell populations involved in the implantation process. All types of trophoblastic cells, from villous cells to the different types of intermediate trophoblast, expressed the 72 kilodalton type IV collagenase. Decidual cells, Hofbauer's cells, villous fibroblasts, and amnion were also positive. Laminin and type IV collagen were expressed in all basement membranes, including large decidual and intermediate trophoblast cells, and the villous stroma. Nitabuch's layer, an acellular degradative zone at the site of initial attachment, showed positivity for type IV collagen. The extracellular matrix in the implantation site seems to be a meshwork of, among other components, laminin and type IV collagen, in which the invading trophoblastic cells are embedded. The invasive capacity of these cells in vivo may be, at least in part, mediated by their type IV collagenolytic activity along with that of the decidual cells, thus regulating the permeability of the extracellular matrix.
Cover Picture: Small 7/2008 (2008)

The cover picture shows Ga nanoclusters in a well-ordered, self-assembled array on the Si(111) − 7 × 7 surface. Ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy was used to simultaneously image the topography and the local density of states (LDOS) of this system. The image is a 10 nm × 10 nm region with the LDOS plotted as a color map over the topography. The results indicate that the electronic charge on the surface has redistributed due to the presence of the Ga nanocluster array and that the nanoclusters are connected in a two-dimensional network of higher differential tunneling conductance. For more information, please read the Communication “Atomically Resolved Charge Redistribution for Ga Nanocluster Arrays on the Si(111)-7 × 7 Surface” by M. Hersam et al, beginning on page 915.
Mechanism of Pb Adsorption to Fatty Acid Langmuir Monolayers Studied by X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy (2003)

The local atomic environment of lead (Pb) adsorbed to a CH3(CH2)19COOH Langmuir monolayer was investigated in situ using grazing-incidence X-ray absorption fine structure (GI-XAFS) spectroscopy at the Pb LIII edge. Measurements were performed at pH 6.5 of the 10-5 M PbCl2 solution subphase, a condition under which grazing incidence diffraction (GID) revealed a large-area commensurate superstructure underneath the close-packed organic monolayer. The XAFS results indicate covalent binding of the Pb cations to the carboxyl headgroups, and the observed Pb−Pb coordination suggests that the metal is adsorbed as a hydrolysis polymer, rather than as individual Pb2+ ions. The data are consistent with a bidentate chelating mechanism and a one Pb atom to one carboxyl headgroup binding stoichiometry. We discuss how this adsorption model can explain the peculiarities observed with Pb in previous metal−Langmuir monolayer studies. A systematic study of lead perchlorate and lead acetate aqueous solutions is presented and used in the analysis. XAFS multiple scattering effects from alignment of the Pb−C−C atoms in the lead acetate solutions are reported.
Long-term clinical impact of coronary-collateral vessels after acute myocardial infarction. (2003)

After acute myocardial infarction, the presence of collateral vessels is associated with a better long-term clinical outcome.
W-band endfire log periodic dipole array (2011)

A W-band endfire log periodic dipole array (LPDA) antenna designed to be compatible with a surface micro-machining process known as PolyStrata™ is demonstrated in this paper. 13 dipole elements are crisscrossed in two copper layers to form the log periodic array. A μ-coaxial line is monolithically integrated in the antenna's lower boom as the feeding line. The proposed antenna achieves consistent radiation patterns, VSWR<;2, and gain>;7dBi from 70 GHz to 115 GHz. A two element LPDA based array with monolithically integrated 180° hybrid is also demonstrated. The W-band LPDA antenna is slightly modified to cover 50 GHz to 110 GHz bandwidth. The radiation patterns of sum and differential modes show good gain and null-depth in the end-fire direction, respectively. The performance of the designed antenna is verified by finite integration and finite element method comparisons.