gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Receptor–Mediated Delivery of Hepatitis B Virus Dna and Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotides to Avian Liver Cells (1996)

A highly efficient receptor-mediated delivery system for DNA and oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) to avian liver cells has been established, using complexes of nonmodified human adenovirus particles and a protein conjugate consisting of N-acetyl-glucosamine-modified bovine serum albumin, streptavidin, and Poly-L-lysine. The newly developed method of protein-conjugate preparation and purification yielded highly stable complexes with high DNA delivery efficiency for constructs expressing the lacZ gene, hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, and ODNs. Using this delivery system, an antisense ODN targeted to the encapsidation site of the HBV pregenome causes strong inhibition of HBV replication in vitro. The described, receptor-mediated DNA delivery method should prove useful for investigations of HBV replication, gene expression, and mode of action of antiviral agents in vitro, as well as for model studies of gene therapy for liver diseases from various etiologies, including viral hepatitides.
Synergy of IL-21 and IL-15 in regulating CD8+ T cell expansion and function (2005)

Interleukin (IL)-21 is the most recently recognized of the cytokines that share the common cytokine receptor gamma chain (gamma(c)), which is mutated in humans with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency. We now report that IL-21 synergistically acts with IL-15 to potently promote the proliferation of both memory (CD44high) and naive (CD44low) phenotype CD8+ T cells and augment interferon-gamma production in vitro. IL-21 also cooperated, albeit more weakly, with IL-7, but not with IL-2. Correspondingly, the expansion and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells were impaired in IL-21R-/- mice. Moreover, in vivo administration of IL-21 in combination with IL-15 boosted antigen-specific CD8+ T cell numbers and resulted in a cooperative effect on tumor regression, with apparent cures of large, established B16 melanomas. Thus, our studies reveal that IL-21 potently regulates CD8+ T cell expansion and effector function, primarily in a synergistic context with IL-15.
Advancing the state of home networking (2011)

Before building the network or its components, first understand the home and the behavior of its human inhabitants.
Effect of Stress Due to Plastic Package Moisture Absorption in Hall Sensors (2009)

Commercial magnetic sensors based on the Hall effect are usually encapsulated in non-hermetic plastic packages. These plastic packages are known to swell in high humidity conditions due to moisture absorption. This swelling will modify the stress seen by the Hall sensor, causing the Hall sensitivity to be altered due to the piezo-Hall effect. The sensitivity drift, which is random in nature, may become the long-term stability limiting factor in high-end sensors. The objective of this work is to characterize in depth the sensitivity change due to moisture absorption and to review and implement two Hall sensitivity compensation methods.
CU splitting early termination based on weighted SVM (2013)

High efficiency video coding (HEVC) is the latest video coding standard that has been developed by JCT-VC. It employs plenty of efficient coding algorithms (e.g., highly flexible quad-tree coding block partitioning), and outperforms H.264/AVC by 35–43% bitrate reduction. However, it imposes enormous computational complexity on encoder due to the optimization processing in the efficient coding tools, especially the rate distortion optimization on coding unit (CU), prediction unit, and transform unit. In this article, we propose a CU splitting early termination algorithm to reduce the heavy computational burden on encoder. CU splitting is modeled as a binary classification problem, on which a support vector machine (SVM) is applied. In order to reduce the impact of outliers as well as to maintain the RD performance while a misclassification occurs, RD loss due to misclassification is introduced as weights in SVM training. Efficient and representative features are extracted and optimized by a wrapper approach to eliminate dependency on video content as well as on encoding configurations. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve about 44.7% complexity reduction on average with only 1.35% BD-rate increase under the “random access” configuration, and 41.9% time saving with 1.66% BD-rate increase under the “low delay” setting, compared with the HEVC reference software.
Stimulation of Cell Surface CCR5 and CD40 Molecules by Their Ligands or by HSP70 Up-Regulates APOBEC3G Expression in CD4+ T Cells and Dendritic Cells (2007)

Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing, enzyme-catalytic, polypeptide-like-3G (A3G) is an intracellular innate antiviral factor that deaminates retroviral cytidine to uridine. In an attempt to harness the anti-HIV effect of A3G, we searched for an agent that would up-regulate A3G and identify the receptors involved. Stimulation of cell surface CCR5 with CCL3 and CD40 with CD40L or both molecules with microbial 70-kDa heat shock protein (HSP)70 up-regulated A3G mRNA and protein expression in human CD4(+) T cells and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC), demonstrated by real-time PCR and Western blots, respectively. The specificity of CCR5 and CD40 stimulation was established by inhibition with TAK 779 and mAb to CD40, as well as using human embryonic kidney 293 cells transfected with CCR5 and CD40, respectively. A dose-dependent increase of A3G in CCL3- or HSP70-stimulated CD4(+) T cells was associated with inhibition in HIV-1 infectivity. To differentiate between the inhibitory effect of HSP70-induced CCR5 binding and that of A3G, GFP-labeled pseudovirions were used to infect human embryonic kidney 293 cells, which showed inhibition of pseudovirion uptake, consistent with A3G being responsible for the inhibitory effect. Ligation of cell surface CCR5 receptors by CCL3 or CD40 by CD40L activated the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways that induced A3G mRNA expression and production of the A3G protein. These in vitro results were corroborated by in vivo studies in rhesus macaques in which A3G was significantly up-regulated following immunization with SIVgp120 and p27 linked to HSP70. This novel preventive approach may in addition to adaptive immunity use the intracellular innate antiviral effect of A3G.
Functional muscle regeneration with combined delivery of angiogenesis and myogenesis factors (2009)

Regenerative efforts typically focus on the delivery of single factors, but it is likely that multiple factors regulating distinct aspects of the regenerative process (e.g., vascularization and stem cell activation) can be used in parallel to affect regeneration of functional tissues. This possibility was addressed in the context of ischemic muscle injury, which typically leads to necrosis and loss of tissue and function. The role of sustained delivery, via injectable gel, of a combination of VEGF to promote angiogenesis and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) to directly promote muscle regeneration and the return of muscle function in ischemic rodent hindlimbs was investigated. Sustained VEGF delivery alone led to neoangiogenesis in ischemic limbs, with complete return of tissue perfusion to normal levels by 3 weeks, as well as protection from hypoxia and tissue necrosis, leading to an improvement in muscle contractility. Sustained IGF1 delivery alone was found to enhance muscle fiber regeneration and protected cells from apoptosis. However, the combined delivery of VEGF and IGF1 led to parallel angiogenesis, reinnervation, and myogenesis; as satellite cell activation and proliferation was stimulated, cells were protected from apoptosis, the inflammatory response was muted, and highly functional muscle tissue was formed. In contrast, bolus delivery of factors did not have any benefit in terms of neoangiogenesis and perfusion and had minimal effect on muscle regeneration. These results support the utility of simultaneously targeting distinct aspects of the regenerative process.
ABAD Directly Links Aß to Mitochondrial Toxicity in Alzheimer's Disease (2004)

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of beta-amyloid (Abeta)-induced neuronal toxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we demonstrate that Abeta-binding alcohol dehydrogenase (ABAD) is a direct molecular link from Abeta to mitochondrial toxicity. Abeta interacts with ABAD in the mitochondria of AD patients and transgenic mice. The crystal structure of Abeta-bound ABAD shows substantial deformation of the active site that prevents nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) binding. An ABAD peptide specifically inhibits ABAD-Abeta interaction and suppresses Abeta-induced apoptosis and free-radical generation in neurons. Transgenic mice overexpressing ABAD in an Abeta-rich environment manifest exaggerated neuronal oxidative stress and impaired memory. These data suggest that the ABAD-Abeta interaction may be a therapeutic target in AD.
Techniques for reducing switching noise in high speed digital systems (2002)

Simultaneous switching noise (SSN) caused by parasitic inductance in the power supply distribution network is a severe problem in high speed digital circuits and systems. The influence of SSN, negligible when rise/fall time is long (>5 ns), becomes an important factor, limiting circuit performance in the sub-nanosecond rise time region. This paper presents simulation results of SSN in high speed digital systems. Technical solutions for reducing SSN in the light of current developments of advanced packaging and assembly technologies are discussed. A quantitative comparison of SSN in digital systems implemented with conventional as well as advanced assembly techniques is given.
On the Convergence Properties of the EM Algorithm (1983)

Two convergence aspects of the EM algorithm are studied: (i) does the EM algorithm find a local maximum or a stationary value of the (incomplete-data) likelihood function? (ii) does the sequence of parameter estimates generated by EM converge? Several convergence results are obtained under conditions that are applicable to many practical situations. Two useful special cases are: (a) if the unobserved complete-data specification can be described by a curved exponential family with compact parameter space, all the limit points of any EM sequence are stationary points of the likelihood function; (b) if the likelihood function is unimodal and a certain differentiability condition is satisfied, then any EM sequence converges to the unique maximum likelihood estimate. A list of key properties of the algorithm is included.
Folate binding protein peptide 191-199 presented on dendritic cells can stimulate CTL from ovarian and breast cancer patients. (2000)

Tumor associated lymphocytes (TAL) isolated from malignant ascites cultured in media containing interleukin-2 show antitumor responses. These antitumor responses are mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) which recognize antigen in the context of MHC molecules using T cell receptors. CD8+ CTL recognize peptide epitopes processed from cellular proteins in the context of MHC class I molecules. These peptides have a restricted length of 8-11 amino acids. The folate binding protein (FBP) is overexpressed in over 90% of ovarian and 20-50% of breast cancers. We recently found that FBP is the source of antigenic peptides recognized by a number of these CTL-TAL. This indicated that FBP peptides are antigenic in vivo for ovarian and breast CTL-TAL. To define FBP immunogenicity, a peptide defining the epitope E39 (FBP, 191-199) was presented by PMBC derived dendritic cells (DC) from healthy donors isolated by the CD14 method to ovarian and breast CTL-TAL. Stimulation of ovarian and breast CTL-TAL by E39 pulsed DC (DC-E39), in the presence of IL-2, rapidly enhanced or induced E39 specific CTL activity. This E39-responder population consisted of cells expressing TCR V beta 9, V beta 13, and V beta 17 families, based on the increase in the percentages of these families in DC-E39 versus DC-NP stimulated TAL. Characterization of immunogenic tumor antigens and of cytokine requirements for induction of functional antitumor effectors may be important for future cancer vaccine developments.
Selective Inhibition of Large-to-Small Surfactant Aggregate Conversion by Serine Protease Inhibitors of the bis-Benzamidine Type (2003)

Conversion of the biophysically active large surfactant aggregate subtype (LA) of alveolar surfactant into the less surface active small surfactant aggregates (SA) occurs in vivo and is reproduced under conditions of cyclic surface area changes in vitro. A serine-active carboxyl esterase has been suggested as the responsible enzymatic activity, although the exact mechanisms underlying the conversion process are presently unclear. We investigated the influence of exogenous serine proteases and synthetic and natural serine protease inhibitors on the conversion kinetics of natural rabbit surfactant, obtained as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In vitro cycling of BALF was performed for various time periods in the absence or presence of increasing amounts of several serine proteases (trypsin, plasmin, thrombin, tryptase), and one natural (aprotinin) and 25 synthetic serine protease inhibitors (including regular benzamidines [group A], 3-amidinophenylalanine derivatives [group B], bis-benzamidines [group C], and analogs of naphthylsulfonyl-glycyl-4-amidinophenylalanine piperidide [group D]). LA were separated from SA by 48,000 x g centrifugation. Surface activity of the LA fraction was measured by means of the pulsating bubble surfactometer. None of the "classical" serine proteases forwarded any acceleration of the LA-to-SA conversion kinetics. Some of the serine protease inhibitors caused moderate retardation of conversion, but at the same dose range inhibited the surface tension-lowering properties of the LA fraction, which per se explained their inhibitory effect. In contrast, specific dose-dependent inhibition of the LA-to-SA transition was observed for four derivatives of the bis-benzamidine group: full blockage of conversion over 240 min of cycling was noted at doses that did not interfere with the surface activity of the LA fraction. In addition, the prototype of these bis-benzamidines, 1,4-bis-[beta-naphthylsulfonyl-(3-aminophenylalanine)]-piperazide, was found to inhibit the activity of the rabbit liver carboxylesterase ES-2 in two different synthetic substrate assays reflecting the amidase and esterase properties of carboxylesterases. These findings support the hypothesis that the LA-to-SA conversion is an enzymatically-driven process with serine-active carboxyl esterase(s) being centrally involved. Synthetic bis-benzamidine-type serine protease inhibitors may offer specific inhibition of this event.
A novel monoclonal antibody against human Argonaute proteins reveals unexpected characteristics of miRNAs in human blood cells (2007)

Argonaute (Ago) proteins bind to microRNA (miRNAs) and short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and form the core components of effector complexes that mediate miRNA and siRNA function. Currently, there is a paucity of reliable antibodies against mammalian Ago proteins, thus precluding studies of endogenous Ago proteins from tissues. Here we report the development of 2A8, a novel anti-Ago monoclonal antibody that recognizes human and mouse Ago proteins and efficiently immunoprecipitates miRNAs. We report the characterization of 2A8 and its use to clone miRNAs from human brain and from preparations of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils), which revealed a prevalent miRNA with unusual features.
Data Processing (2014)

This chapter introduces widely used probability distribution functions, such as uniform distribution, geometric distribution, normal distribution, and binomial distribution, for processing discrete data and gives several examples. In addition, statistical methods for processing unordered data, ordered data, and incomplete data are introduced, and then corresponding examples are studied in detail. The techniques presented in this chapter are the basis for data analysis.
Vancomycin: structure and transformation to CDP-I (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVancomycin: structure and transformation to CDP-IConstance M. Harris, Hana Kopecka, and Thomas M. HarrisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 23, 6915–6922Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00361a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00361a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1224Altmetric-Citations184LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Conformation Guides Molecular Efficacy in Docking Screens of Activated β-2 Adrenergic G Protein Coupled Receptor (2013)

A prospective, large library virtual screen against an activated β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) structure returned potent agonists to the exclusion of inverse-agonists, providing the first complement to the previous virtual screening campaigns against inverse-agonist-bound G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) structures, which predicted only inverse-agonists. In addition, two hits recapitulated the signaling profile of the co-crystal ligand with respect to the G protein and arrestin mediated signaling. This functional fidelity has important implications in drug design, as the ability to predict ligands with predefined signaling properties is highly desirable. However, the agonist-bound state provides an uncertain template for modeling the activated conformation of other GPCRs, as a dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) activated model templated on the activated β2AR structure returned few hits of only marginal potency.
Immunization of AGE-modified albumin inhibits diabetic nephropathy progression in diabetic mice (2015)

AGE-BSA and AGE-BSA-KLH immunizations inhibit the progression of DN. Our results strengthen the evidence that the anti-AGE antibodies have a protective role against diabetic vascular complication, especially DN. This study provides a basis for the development of DN-based immunotherapy with AGE immunization as a potential candidate.
Human-computer interfaces for interaction with surgical tools in robotic surgery (2012)

The current trend toward robot assistants and the execution of autonomous tasks in minimally invasive surgery increases the operation complexity of telepresence systems. The available input channels are currently limited to traditional human-computer interfaces. We introduce two human-robot interfacing modalities that aim to make robotic surgery more intuitive. To reduce the surgeon's mental load, gaze-contingent camera control is implemented. Eye tracking is performed by means of head worn tracking goggles. The tracking goggles are tightly integrated with a stereoscopic visualization system, based on the polarization method. The second technique supports scrub nurses during surgical tool interaction, e.g. tool exchange, via haptic gestures executed on the robot. Strain-gauges sensors installed at the instrument are used to detect hand tapping sequences, which trigger activation of specified commands.
Measurement of relative blood volume changes during haemodialysis: merits and limitations (2005)

Dialysis hypotension is estimated to occur in 20% ofhaemodialysis (HD) sessions [1] and can lead to seriousvascular complications such as cerebral infarctionand cardiac and mesenteric ischaemia [2,3]. It maycontribute to chronic overhydration due to an inabilityto reach dry weight and may lead to under-dialysis[1,2,4]. Prevention of dialysis hypotension, therefore,is an important challenge to the dialysis staff. Theinitiating factor in the pathogenesis of dialysis hypo-tension is a decrease in blood volume which resultsfrom the imbalance between the ultraﬁltration rate andthe plasma reﬁlling rate [5]. Devices that continuouslyand non-invasively monitor relative blood volume(RBV) changes during HD are being advocated as atool to maintain an adequate volume of the intravas-cular compartment in order to avoid dialysis hypo-tension [6–8]. Nowadays, most manufacturers haveincorporated an RBV monitor in their dialysis appa-ratus, but evidence-based knowledge on how to use theRBV data in order to optimize the dialysis prescriptionof the individual patient is lacking. Moreover, there areconﬂicting data in the literature on the predictive valueof RBV changes for the occurrence of dialysis hypoten-sion. In this review, we will outline the pathophysio-logical response to ultraﬁltration-induced reductionsinbloodvolume,evaluatetheRBVmeasuringmethods,discuss the relationship between RBV changes andbloodpressureanddiscussseveralfactorsthatinﬂuencethe validity of RBV measurements.
Polymerization of unsaturated phospholipids as large unilamellar liposomes at low temperature (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymerization of unsaturated phospholipids as large unilamellar liposomes at low temperatureEishun Tsuchida, Masanori Hatashita, Chisato Makino, Etsuo Hasegawa, and Noboru KimuraCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 1, 207–212Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00027a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00027a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views243Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts