gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A naturally occurring secreted form of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor 1 binds basic FGF in preference over acidic FGF. (1992)

Alternatively spliced variants of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 mRNA are predicted to encode secreted forms and membrane-bound forms of receptors. The predicted amino acid sequences of these receptor variants differ in a portion of the extracellular region. In this study, we characterized the function of one of these splice variants which was predicted by its cDNA to be a secreted FGF receptor. We expressed this secreted form of the human FGFR1 (sFGFR1) in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The sFGFR1 protein oligomerized upon ligand binding. Surprisingly, the sFGFR1 preferentially bound basic FGF over acidic FGF. In cross-linking experiments, the sFGFR1 showed higher binding affinity for basic FGF (Kd approximately 30 nM) than for acidic FGF (Kd greater than 300 nM). These results suggest that this secreted form of FGF receptor has an unusual ligand binding specificity that may be important for its biological role in vivo.
Synergistic effect of tumor virus transformation and tumor promoter treatment on the production of plasminogen activator by chick embryo fibroblasts. (1978)

Cultures of Rous sarcoma virus-transformed chick embryo fibroblasts (RSVCEF) produce 50-fold more of the protease plasminogen activator (PA), than do normal chick embryo fibroblasts. Treatment of RSVCEF cultures with the tumor promoter phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) further enhances (8- to 12-fold) the level of PA activity. Increased levels of PA activity in RSVCEF are observed as early as 1 to 2 hr after PMA treatment. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrates that the PA produced by PMA-treated cultures has a molecular weight identical to that of the PA produced by untreated cultures. PA induction by PMA cannot be accomplished in cell-free extracts, but requires protein synthesis in intact cells. Under serum-free conditions, PMA-treated RSVCEF secrete high levels of PA for 4 to 6 days and undergo pronounced morphological alterations. Modified culture conditions and the use of PMA to induce PA has allowed for the accumulation of large amounts of RSVCEF culture fluid and the subsequent purification of the enzyme. The sensitivity of transformed CEF to PMA and the generation of enhanced proteolytic activity in the cellular microenvironment may provide a model system to examine the role of both PA in malignant transformation and PMA in tumor promotion.
SCLERAL REINFORCEMENT IN THE TREATMENT OF PATHOLOGIC MYOPIA (1988)

Pathologic myopia is a relatively common blinding condition for which current treatment is limited and controversial. Macular changes and vision loss proceed from the development of a posterior staphyloma. A scleral reinforcement technique has been used in seven eyes of six patients. The procedure is technically uncomplicated and safe.
Comparable T helper 1 (Th1) and CD8 T-cell immunity by targeting HIV gag p24 to CD8 dendritic cells within antibodies to Langerin, DEC205, and Clec9A (2011)

Improved protein-based vaccines should facilitate the goal of effective vaccines against HIV and other pathogens. With respect to T cells, the efficiency of immunization, or "immunogenicity," is improved by targeting vaccine proteins to maturing dendritic cells (DCs) within mAbs to DC receptors. Here, we compared the capacity of Langerin/CD207, DEC205/CD205, and Clec9A receptors, each expressed on the CD8(+) DC subset in mice, to bring about immunization of microbial-specific T cells from the polyclonal repertoire, using HIV gag-p24 protein as an antigen. α-Langerin mAb targeted splenic CD8(+) DCs selectively in vivo, whereas α-DEC205 and α-Clec9A mAbs targeted additional cell types. When the mAb heavy chains were engineered to express gag-p24, the α-Langerin, α-DEC205, and α-Clec9A fusion mAbs given along with a maturation stimulus induced comparable levels of gag-specific T helper 1 (Th1) and CD8(+) T cells in BALB/c × C57BL/6 F1 mice. These immune T cells were more numerous than targeting the CD8(-) DC subset with α-DCIR2-gag-p24. In an in vivo assay in which gag-primed T cells were used to report the early stages of T-cell responses, α-Langerin, α-DEC205, and α-Clec9A also mediated cross-presentation to primed CD8(+) T cells if, in parallel to antigen uptake, the DCs were stimulated with α-CD40. α-Langerin, α-DEC205, and α-Clec9A targeting greatly enhanced T-cell immunization relative to nonbinding control mAb or nontargeted HIV gag-p24 protein. Therefore, when the appropriate subset of DCs is targeted with a vaccine protein, several different receptors expressed by that subset are able to initiate combined Th1 and CD8(+) immunity.
Bioengineered corneas: how close are we? (2003)

Bioengineered corneas are substitutes for human donor tissue that are designed to replace part or the full thickness of damaged or diseased corneas. They range from prosthetic devices that solely address replacement of the cornea's function to tissue-engineered hydrogels that allow some regeneration of the host tissue. In addition, there are also bioengineered lenticules that may be implanted into the cornea to improve vision by altering the refractive properties of the eye, an alternative procedure to refractive surgery. In recent years, there have been significant developments in many areas of bioengineered corneas, such as the clinical trials of an artificial cornea designed as a prosthesis, the development of completely natural corneal replacements, and the development of biosynthetic matrices that permit host tissue regeneration. For correction of refractive errors, a synthetic corneal onlay that allows stable overgrowth of epithelium appears to be promising.
Heat shock protein and cardioprotection (2007)

The defense mechinism of heat shock protein(HSP)acting as moleculars chaperons requires heat shock transcription factors as the primary mediators of the heat shock response.Increased expression of HSP may protect the heart.Overexpression of HSP can inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis,protect the integrity of the microtubules and the actin cytoskeleton in cardiac myocytes and endothelial cells exposed to ischemia,participate in the folding and activation of protein kinases and transcription factors such as HIF-1α and HSF1,bind to endothelial nitric oxide synthase(Enos) and stimulate its activity,and downregulate cytokine production.Hence,it is of benefit to efficiently elevate HSP expression in myocardium using pharmacological and/or gene therapy procedures without any adverse effect.
12 Herpes Simplex Viruses (1980)

Herpesviruses have been isolated from humans and many different animal species, and they vary considerably with respect to host range and biological properties. There are at least five distinct human herpesviruses, namely, herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), varicella zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The differential characteristics of the herpesvirus family are a linear, double-stranded DNA genome, ranging in molecular weight from approximately 80 × 10 6 to 150 × 10 6 ; an icosahedral nucleocapsid exhibiting 162 capsomers on the surface; and a membranous envelope, which is acquired as the nucleocapsid buds through virus-modified patches of cellular membrane. Although the clinical syndromes associated with HSV infections have been known for centuries and the virus was isolated and grown in a heterologous host over 50 years ago, both the viruses and the virologists interested in them languished in relative obscurity for many years. The recent awakening of interest can be attributed to five factors: (1) HSV has become a major cause of venereal infections that have reached a quasi-epidemic stage with few real prospects for control and treatment, although these are widely discussed. (2) The full range of severe clinical syndromes resulting from infection by these viruses has only recently been fully appreciated; they are indeed life-threatening to the newborn and to the immunologically compromised host (Nahmias and Roizman 1973; Rawls 1973). (3) A number of herpesviruses that infect humans and animals have been associated with cancer, and HSV has become suspect as a possible cause of...
A Wideband Class-AB Power Amplifier With 29–57-GHz AM–PM Compensation in 0.9-V 28-nm Bulk CMOS (2017)

A wideband amplitude to phase (AM-PM) compensated class-AB power amplifier (PA) suitable for highly integrated fifth-generation phased arrays is designed in 0.9-V 28-nm CMOS without RF ultra-thick top metal. Design techniques to realize broadband impedance transformation, power division/combining, and phase distortion linearization are discussed. Further, second-order effects due to practical layout constrains imposed by deep-scaled technologies are addressed and simple design solutions are proposed. The designed PA shows a measured S21-3 dB bandwidth (BW) from 29 to 57 GHz (65%) with |AM-PM| <; 1° up to P1 dB. The measured Psat is 15.1 dBm over >56% BW-1 dB, with a peak power added efficiency of 24.2%. When a signal with wide modulation BW is applied, the realized PA enables up to 10.1-, 8.9-, and 5.9-dBm average POUT while amplifying a 1.5-, 3-, and 6-Gb/s 64-quadratic-amplitude modulation, respectively, at 34 GHz. The in-band and out-of-band linearity measured in error vector magnitude and adjacent channel power ratio are always better than -25 dB and -30 dBc, respectively, without any digital pre-distortion.
A genetic association between juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and a novel interleukin‐1α polymorphism (1995)

This is the first report of a cytokine gene association with JRA, and we conclude that IL-1 alpha itself, or a gene for which the IL-1 alpha polymorphism is a marker, may contribute to the pathogenesis of EOPA-JRA and the ocular complications found in this group.
Clostridia-Biotechnology and Medical Applications (2001)

Taxonomy and systematics general biology and physiology genome sequencing projects genetic tools industrially important enzymes large-scale acetone-butanol fermentation clostridial toxins and medical relevance (without neurotoxins) clostridial neurotoxins and their use as therapeutic agents recombinant clostridia in cancer therapy.
Reconstitution of the B Cell Antigen Receptor Signaling Components in COS Cells (1995)

To elucidate interactions occurring between B cell protein tyrosine kinases and the signaling components of the B cell antigen receptor, we have co-transfected into COS cells individual tyrosine kinases together with chimeric cell surface receptors containing the cytoplasmic domains of Ig alpha or Ig beta. Of the tyrosine kinases transfected (Lyn, Blk, Hck, Syk, Fyn), only Blk was able to phosphorylate and subsequently associate with cotransfected Ig alpha and Ig beta chimeras in vivo. Association between Blk and the Ig alpha and Ig beta cytoplasmic domains was shown by mutational analyses to be the result of an SH2-phosphotyrosine interaction. We identified the tyrosine residues of the Ig alpha and Ig beta cytoplasmic domains was shown by mutational analyses to be the result of an SH2-phosphotyrosine interaction. We identified the tyrosine residues of the Ig alpha and Ig beta cytoplasmic domains phosphorylated by Blk. The enzymatic activity and membrane association of Blk were required for the observed phosphorylation of the Ig alpha and Ig beta chimeras. Sequences within the amino-terminal unique domain of Blk are responsible for recognition and subsequent phosphorylation of the Ig alpha chimera since transfer of the unique region of Blk to Fyn results in the chimeric kinase's ability to phosphorylate the cytoplasmic domain of Ig alpha. These findings indicate that the unique domain of Src family kinases may direct recognition of certain substrates leading to their phosphorylation.
Many Paths to Many Clones: A Comparative Look at High-Throughput Cloning Methods (2004)

The creation of genome-scale clone resources is a difficult and costly process, making it essential to maximize the efficiency of each step of clone creation. In this review, we compare the available commercial and open-source recombinational cloning methods with regard to their use in creating comprehensive open reading frame (ORF) clone collections with an emphasis on the properties requisite to use in a high-throughput setting. The most efficient strategy to the creation of ORF clone resources is to build a master clone collection that serves as a quality validated source for producing collections of expression clones. We examine the methods for recombinational cloning available for both the creation of master clones and their conversion into expression clones. Alternative approaches to creating clones involving mixing of cloning methods, including gap-repair cloning, are also explored.
Effect of calcium and calcium antagonists on 45Ca influx and cellular growth of human prostatic tumor cells (1991)

Calcium and calmodulin play significant roles in DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. In this work the effects of verapamil, trifluoperazine, and tamoxifen on 45Ca uptake and cell growth in human prostatic tumor cells (DU 145) and human fibroblast cells (1 BR) were studied. Although the maximum proliferation was achieved at a concentration of around 2 mM CaCl2 in both DU 145 and 1 BR, growth of DU 145 cells was considerably greater than 1 BR at all calcium concentrations (0.1-4 mM). Calcium uptake experiments, using 45Ca, revealed that the unstimulated 45Ca uptake in 1 BR fibroblasts was 4-5 times higher than in DU 145 cancer cells. Depolarization with high extracellular K caused a 2-3-fold increase in 45Ca influx in 1 BR but only 25-55% increase in DU 145 cells. Verapamil caused a significant inhibition of cell growth with an IC50 value of 55 microM. Verapamil paradoxically increased 45Ca uptake in both unstimulated and K-stimulated DU 145 cells. Whereas unstimulated 45Ca uptake could be blocked by very low concentrations of lathanum (10 microM), much higher concentrations (1-10 mM) were required to completely block uptake in K-depolarized cells. Both trifluoperazine and tamoxifen also inhibited cell proliferation with an IC50 concentration of approximately 5 microM. These drugs, had, however, no effect on 45Ca uptake either in unstimulated or depolarized cells. The results suggest that voltage-gated calcium channels exist in both DU 145 cancer cells and fibroblasts. However, verapamil, in contrast to 1 BR, failed to block these channels in DU 145 cells. The mechanism of antiproliferative action of verapamil may be related to the observed, although paradoxical, increase in cellular calcium. The effect of trifluoperazine and tamoxifen does not involve changes in transmembrane calcium movements but could be mediated by their inhibition of calmodulin-mediated reactions within the cell.
A Second Generation Synthesis of the MBr1 (Globo-H) Breast Tumor Antigen: New Application of the n-Pentenyl Glycoside Method for Achieving Complex Carbohydrate Protein Linkages (2000)

A new synthesis of the hexasaccharide MBr1 antigen (globo-H) is reported. A revised construction with improved efficiency was necessary because an anti-cancer vaccine containing this antigen is entering phase II and phase III clinical trials for prostate cancer. The key feature of this second generation synthesis is the preparation of globo-H as its n-pentenyl glycoside. This group serves as an anomeric protecting group and as a linker for bioconjugation to carrier protein. The resultant synthesis allows for the production of suitable quantities of globo-H for clinical trials.
In vivoimmunological function of mast cells derived from embryonic stem cells: An approach for the rapid analysis of even embryonic lethal mutations in adult micein vivo (2000)

An important goal of tissue engineering is to achieve reconstitution of specific functionally active cell types by transplantation of differentiated cell populations derived from normal or genetically altered embryonic stem cells in vitro. We find that mast cells derived in vitro from wild-type or genetically manipulated embryonic stem cells can survive and orchestrate immunologically specific IgE-dependent reactions after transplantation into mast cell-deficient Kit(W)/Kit(W-v) mice. These findings define a unique approach for analyzing the effects of mutations of any genes that are expressed in mast cells, including embryonic lethal mutations, in vitro or in vivo.
Mammalian tyrosinase: biosynthesis, processing, and modulation by melanocyte-stimulating hormone. (1988)

We have examined the rate of synthesis and degradation of tyrosinase (monophenol, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.14.18.1), the critical enzyme involved in mammalian pigmentation, using pulse-chase metabolic labeling of murine melanoma cells and immunoprecipitation of protein extracts with antibodies directed specifically against the enzyme. We have found that tyrosinase is synthesized and glycosylated within melanocytes rapidly, since significant quantities of pulse-labeled enzyme could be detected within 30 min. The maximum amount of enzyme was processed within 4 hr, and the t1/2 of tyrosinase in vivo was 10 hr (compared to 120 hr with purified enzyme), suggesting that tyrosinase activity in melanocytes is at least in part regulated by rapid synthesis and active degradation. We also have examined the melanogenic stimulation caused by melanocyte-stimulating hormone, using metabolic labeling, radiometric assays, and immunofluorescence techniques; responding cells increased their melanogenic potential more than 7-fold within 4 days without increasing their levels of tyrosinase synthesis. The results demonstrate that a pool of inactive tyrosinase exists in melanocytes and that rapid increases in enzyme activity elicited by melanocyte-stimulating hormone reflect an alteration in the activity of a preexisting pool of intracellular tyrosinase.
Isiam (1991)

These guidelines are intended to help health care staff in unfamiliar situations, particularly if no immediate family members are available. If possible, the views of the individual or family concerned should be sought.
Phosphorothioate oligonucleotides: chemistry, purification, analysis, scale-up and future directions. (1991)

There is widespread and growing interest in the use of phosphorothioate-modified oligonucleotides as sequence-specific agents to control transcription, splicing, translation and other regulated processes in vitro and in vivo, as pharmaceuticals. These exciting applications are predicated on the resistance of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides to degradation by nucleases, a property that results simply from incorporation of sulfur into the phosphate backbone. The popularity of phosphorothioate oligonucleotide analogs derives from several of their features: relatively easy automated synthesis, uncomplicated purification and handling, plus high solubility in water. Presented here are current preparative and analytical methods, together with a comprehensive comparative analysis of solid-phase and solution processes for manufacturing phosphorothioate oligonucleotides as bulk pharmaceutical compounds for clinical evaluation. A prospective view of the future is offered with the hope of directing attention to important areas of needed research dealing with phosphorothioate oligonucleotide technology in particular, and manufacturing of nucleic acid pharmaceuticals in general.
Truly seamless wireless and mobile host networking. Protocols for adaptive wireless and mobile networking (1996)

Describes work in routing packets to mobile hosts in a large internetwork, such as the Internet, and gives an overview of implementation work in this area. The authors discuss the problem of routing in an ad hoc network of wireless mobile hosts, as might be needed in an area without established wireless networking infrastructure; they describe a new protocol developed for routing in such a network and summarize the results from a simulation of the protocol. They then describe work in providing support for adaptive operation of higher-layer protocols and applications; they have developed an inexpensive protocol and application programming interface (API) for notifying higher layers when the quality of a mobile host's network connection changes as it moves between different locations, possibly including changes in the type of network in use at each location. Finally, they compare their work to related mobile networking research elsewhere and present conclusions.
Comprehensive Mutational Analysis of a Herpesvirus Gene in the Viral Genome Context Reveals a Region Essential for Virus Replication (2004)

Essential viral proteins perform vital functions during morphogenesis via a complex interaction with other viral and cellular gene products. Here, we present a novel approach to comprehensive mutagenesis of essential cytomegalovirus genes and biological analysis in the 230-kbp-genome context. A random Tn7-based mutagenesis procedure at the single-gene level was combined with site-specific recombination via the FLP/FLP recognition target site system for viral genome reconstitution. We show the function of more than 100 mutants from a larger library of M50/p35, a protein involved in capsid egress from the nucleus. This protein recruits other viral proteins and cellular enzymes to the inner nuclear membrane. Our approach enabled us to rapidly discriminate between essential and nonessential regions within the coding sequence. Based on the prediction of the screen, we were able to map a site essential for viral protein-protein interaction at the amino acid level.
Distinct Slime Polysaccharide Depolymerases of Bacteriophage-Infected Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Evidence of Close Association with the Structured Bacteriophage Particle (1969)

Five new polysaccharide depolymerases were isolated from cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected with phages 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. The production of enzyme paralleled the release of phage. Depolymerase associated with phage 8 was active on slime polysaccharide A, whereas depolymerases associated with phages 6, 7, 9, and 10, like pseudomonas phage 2, hydrolyzed slime polysaccharide B. None of the depolymerases was active on slime polysaccharide C. Despite exhaustive purification, depolymerase activity was found to band with the phage particles at a density of 1.49 to 1.51 g/ml in a density gradient composed to cesium chloride. These results suggest that the depolymerases are firmly bound to the phage particles.
Muscular Thin Films for Building Actuators and Powering Devices (2007)

We demonstrate the assembly of biohybrid materials from engineered tissues and synthetic polymer thin films. The constructs were built by culturing neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes on polydimethylsiloxane thin films micropatterned with extracellular matrix proteins to promote spatially ordered, two-dimensional myogenesis. The constructs, termed muscular thin films, adopted functional, three-dimensional conformations when released from a thermally sensitive polymer substrate and were designed to perform biomimetic tasks by varying tissue architecture, thin-film shape, and electrical-pacing protocol. These centimeter-scale constructs perform functions as diverse as gripping, pumping, walking, and swimming with fine spatial and temporal control and generating specific forces as high as 4 millinewtons per square millimeter.
Oxidative metabolism and glycolysis in benign brain tumors (1987)

Glucose utilization in vivo and hexokinase activity and mitochondrial oxygen consumption in vitro were measured in a series of human brain tumors. Several relatively slow-growing tumors appeared to have depressed electron-transport activities coupled with a compensatory elevated glucose utilization. These data suggest that a decrease in oxidative metabolism and a corresponding increase in glycolysis are not necessarily correlated with malignancy in certain human brain tumors.