gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exosomes Released from Infected Macrophages Contain Mycobacterium avium Glycopeptidolipids and Are Proinflammatory (2007)

Mycobacterium avium is a major opportunistic pathogen in HIV-positive individuals and is responsible for increased morbidity and mortality in AIDS patients. M. avium express glycopeptidolipids (GPLs) as a major cell wall constituent, and recent studies suggest that GPLs play an important role in M. avium pathogenesis. In the present study we show that M. avium-infected macrophages release GPLs, which are trafficked from the phagosome through the endocytic network to multivesicular bodies. Prior studies have shown that multivesicular bodies can fuse with the plasma membrane releasing small 50 to 100 nm vesicles known as exosomes. We found that M. avium-infected macrophages release exosomes containing GPLs leading to the transfer of GPLs from infected to uninfected macrophages. Interestingly, exosomes isolated from M. avium-infected but not from uninfected macrophages can stimulate a proinflammatory response in resting macrophages. This proinflammatory response is dependent on Toll like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR4, and MyD88 suggesting that released exosomes contain M. avium-expressed TLR ligands. Our studies are the first to demonstrate that exosomes isolated from mycobacteria-infected macrophages can induce a proinflammatory response, and we hypothesize that exosomes play an important role in immune surveillance during intracellular bacteria infections.
Effects of Prefabricated Foot Orthoses and Soft Insoles on Postural Stability in Professional Soccer Players (2001)

Postural stability is an important component of skilled athletic activity. However, the effects of foot orthoses on stability have not been adequately addressed. This study measured postural sway in 30 asymptomatic professional soccer players in three standing positions and four underfoot conditions. The results revealed that the underfoot condition had no significant effect on sway in the mediolateral or anteroposterior planes; however, there was a trend toward less mediolateral sway when subjects stood in a unipedal position with prefabricated orthoses. These results suggest that insoles and foot orthoses have no significant beneficial or detrimental effects on postural stability in asymptomatic subjects. Clinically, this suggests that no improvements in balance performance could be expected with prophylactic use of insoles or orthoses but that clinicians may prescribe insoles and foot orthoses without fear of impairing postural performance in elite athletes.
324. The action of nitric acid on polycyclic indole derivatives. Part XIII. Indeno(2? : 3? : 2 : 3)indole (1939)

N. M. Beyts and S. G. P. Plant, J. Chem. Soc., 1939, 1534 DOI: 10.1039/JR9390001534
Correcting spatial distortion and non-uniformity in planar images from &#x03B3;-Camera systems (2008)

In this work a correction method for the spatial distortion and non-uniformity of planar images is presented. It is based on an event-by-event correction algorithm suitable for images obtained from small Field of View (FOV) γ-Camera systems which are equipped with a Position Sensitive PhotoMultiplier Tube (PSPMT). In our study, the γ-Camera system consists of a 3 inch PSPMT with a 16X+16Y crossed wire anode (Model R2486, HAMAMATSU), a 4mm pixelated CsI(Tl) crystal (pixel-width 1mm) and a parallel (hexagonal) hole collimator. The correction of the spatial distortion is based on lookup tables with the coordinates of well defined reference points which are selected during the calibration phase of the system. The reference points are the centres of predefined pixels, well distinguishable at the planar image using a small laboratory <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">60</sup> Co source without collimation. The applied algorithm incorporates 2D-interpolation techniques and has been developed on a full automated graphics environment making use of the HIGZ (High Level Interface to Graphics and Zebra) program libraries from CERN. Both correction methods for the spatial distortion and non-uniformity have been applied to planar images obtained from small capillary phantoms filled with water solution of <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">99m</sup> Tc. The method is also extended to tomographic images and the observed SPECT improvement in resolution is discussed.
Immunosuppressive activity of human seminal plasma. I. Inhibition of in vitro lymphocyte activation. (1977)

A high molecular weight fraction prepared from human seminal plasma by gel filtration chromatography suppresses human lymphocyte transformation and DNA synthesis induced by mitogens (PHA, Con A, PWM), antigens (Candida albicans, tetanus toxoid), and allogenic cells. This same fraction also suppresses the stimulated response of mouse lymphocytes to allogenic cells and to various mitogens, including T cell-dependent and T cell-independent mitogens. The induction, but not the expression, of cell-mediated cytotoxicity is also suppressed. Similar high molecular weight fractions suppress the in vitro humoral response of mouse spleen cells to both a T cell-dependent (SRBC) and a T cell-independent (DNP-F) antigen. The high m.w. fraction exhibited in vitro suppressive activity at concentrations of 0.1 to 1.0 mg/ml which corresponds to a 1/50 or greater dilution of human seminal plasma. These observations support the concept that a local immune response against sperm in the female reproductive tract is actively suppressed by a component in seminal plasma.
Mechanism of Eukaryotic Homologous Recombination (2008)

Homologous recombination (HR) serves to eliminate deleterious lesions, such as double-stranded breaks and interstrand crosslinks, from chromosomes. HR is also critical for the preservation of replication forks, for telomere maintenance, and chromosome segregation in meiosis I. As such, HR is indispensable for the maintenance of genome integrity and the avoidance of cancers in humans. The HR reaction is mediated by a conserved class of enzymes termed recombinases. Two recombinases, Rad51 and Dmc1, catalyze the pairing and shuffling of homologous DNA sequences in eukaryotic cells via a filamentous intermediate on ssDNA called the presynaptic filament. The assembly of the presynaptic filament is a rate-limiting process that is enhanced by recombination mediators, such as the breast tumor suppressor BRCA2. HR accessory factors that facilitate other stages of the Rad51- and Dmc1-catalyzed homologous DNA pairing and strand exchange reaction have also been identified. Recent progress on elucidating the mechanisms of action of Rad51 and Dmc1 and their cohorts of ancillary factors is reviewed here.
Efficacy and safety of high-dose cabergoline in Parkinson's disease (2005)

High-dose cabergoline was well tolerated and provided significant improvements in the Parkinson symptomatology and a reduced requirement for L-dopa.
New concepts in steroid hormone action: transcription factors, proto-oncogenes, and the cascade model for steroid regulation of gene expression. (1992)

The past 6 years have seen a significant increase in our understanding of steroid receptor-mediated regulation of gene transcription. As a means to understanding receptors as transcriptional activators, several steroid receptor genes have been identified, cloned, and are now known to belong to a receptor superfamily. All steroid receptors possess conserved domains which confer various aspects of receptor function such as those that regulate DNA and steroid binding. In addition to the distinct intrinsic functions of these domains, nonreceptor proteins associated with the unactivated forms of the receptor appear to play a crucial role in receptor function. One such protein, hsp90, is speculated to stabilize the unactivated form of the receptor in the absence of hormone. Posttranslational modification also appears to be important in regulating the transcriptional activity of steroid receptors. Steroid receptors may exist in several phosphorylation states, each intimately linked to steps involved in the conversion of the newly synthesized protein to the steroid-bound form capable of transcriptional activation. The activated steroid-receptor complexes bind to chromatin "acceptor sites", the composition of which is presently under investigation. Steroid response elements, DNA-binding "acceptor" proteins in the nuclear matrix, and transcription factors and their elements appear to play a role in this binding and in the transcriptional control of genes exerted by steroid receptors. Different genes utilize different elements and factors for each particular steroid receptor species, reflecting the steroid- and gene-specific patterns of regulation of gene expression. In this review, a cascade model is used to explain how the receptor interaction with specific sites upstream of "regulatory (early) genes" may regulate a variety of steps in gene expression from transcription and mRNA half-life to protein processing. This model not only accounts for the paradoxical "lag phase" observed between steroid treatment and structural gene transcription, but also shows how steroid-regulated gene expression may occur an posttranscriptional steps. The rapid regulation of the nuclear proto-oncogenes, e.g., c-myc, c-fos, and c-jun, are used as examples of these early regulatory genes in steroid-regulated, receptor-mediated gene transcription.
Rapid Deswelling and Reswelling Response of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogels via Formation of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks with Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane-Capped Poly(ethylene oxide) Amphiphilic Telechelics (2009)

Hepta(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl) polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-capped poly(ethylene oxide) telechelics (POSS-capped PEO) were synthesized via click chemistry. The POSS-capped PEO amphiphilic telechelics were incorporated into cross-linked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) to form the structure of physical interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs). In the organic-inorganic networks, the POSS terminals of POSS-capped PEO telechelics were self-organized into microdomains to act as the physical cross-linking sites of PEO and the physically cross-linked PEO network was interlocked with the PNIPAAm network. It is identified that the organic-inorganic hydrogels resulting from the PNIPAAm network and the POSS-capped PEO telechelics displayed much faster response rates than the plain PNIPAAm hydrogels in terms of swelling, deswelling, and reswelling tests. The improved thermoresponse of hydrogels has been interpreted on the basis of the formation of the specific supramolecular structures in the hydrogels. The synergism from hydrophobic and hydrophilic components (i.e., POSS domains and PEO chains) is responsible for the improvement of hydrogel properties.
Catalysis by heteropoly compounds. 20. An NMR study of ethanol dehydration in the pseudoliquid phase of 12-tungstophosphoric acid (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalysis by heteropoly compounds. 20. An NMR study of ethanol dehydration in the pseudoliquid phase of 12-tungstophosphoric acidKwan Young Lee, Takeo Arai, Shinichi Nakata, Sachio Asaoka, Toshio Okuhara, and Makoto MisonoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 8, 2836–2842Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00034a013Request reuse permissionsArticle Views780Altmetric-Citations101LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (819 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Alternate splice sites within the human VH gene coding sequences lead to truncated Ig mu-chains. (1990)

The Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines JBL2 and Ly91 contain intracytoplasmic mu chains without L chain by immunofluorescence. These mu chains and the corresponding cDNA are abnormally short. Detailed analysis of the productive H chain alleles showed that the cell lines JBL2 and Ly91 use a VHIV and a VHIII subgroup gene, respectively. In both cell lines, the 3' part of the V exon was markedly abnormal and contained several stop codons. Point mutations affected the JH6 donor splice site in the JBL2 gene, precluding normal splicing into C mu. Although the JH2 splice site was unmodified in Ly91, it was not used. As in JBL2, splicing occurred at an alternate splice site present 5' of these alterations, thus removing all these abnormalities from the mature transcripts. This alternate splicing explains the presence in both cell lines of truncated mRNA and proteins lacking two-thirds of the V region.
29.3: Very Bright and Efficient Top‐Emitting OLED with Ultra‐Thin Yb as Effective Electron Injector (2006)

Abstract Very bright and efficient top‐emitting organic light‐emitting diodes (TOLEDs) using an ultra‐thin ytterbium (Yb) layer capped with a semitransparent Ag layer as the effective electron‐injection cathode were demonstrated. TOLED with Yb/Ag cathode exhibited lower operation voltage and higher power efficiency, as compared to the one with commonly used Ca/Ag cathode. With bis(2‐phenylpyridine)iridium [(ppy) 2 Ir(acac)] as the phosphorescent dopant, the Yb/Ag based TOLED showed a current efficiency of 88 cd/A and a power efficiency of 67 lm/W, considerably greater than those (56 cd/A and 44 lm/W) obtained from the corresponding bottom‐emitting one. The good performance of these TOLEDs is attributed to the efficient electrons injection from the Yb/Ag cathode as well as a micro‐cavity effect.
New self-adaptative algorithms for source separation based on contrast functions (2002)

Introduces self-adaptive algorithms for source separation based on a generalized criterion with the introduction of cross-cumulants. By adequate adaptive preprocessing it can be supposed that the observed source mixture x is 'white'. Then a separating matrix H (such that y=Hx has independent components) can be assumed unitary. A new contrast function is defined whose maximum occurs when H is separating. Its (simple) form admits an associated adaptive algorithm. Two different algorithms are proposed to estimate H, either directly or through its equivalent product of Givens rotations. Computer simulations illustrate the contribution of the cross-cumulants on the convergence of the algorithms. In the three-sources case, they show that the performances are improved substantially.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Increased binding affinity and valence of recombinant antibody fragments lead to improved targeting of tumoral angiogenesis. (1999)

The formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) is an important step in tumor progression. Molecules capable of selectively targeting markers of angiogenesis may offer opportunities for the in vivo imaging of aggressive tumors and for the delivery of toxic agents to the tumoral vasculature. Using antibody phage display libraries and combinatorial mutagenesis, we isolated single-chain Fv antibody fragments, which recognize with different affinities the same epitope of the ED-B domain of fibronectin, a marker of angiogenesis. Two single-chain Fv fragments, E1 and L19, with dissociation constants of 41 nM and 0.054 nM, respectively, were investigated for their ability to target F9 murine teratocarcinoma grafted s.c. in nude mice when injected i.v. in either monomeric or homodimeric form (Mr 27,000 and 54,000, respectively). Biodistribution studies, performed at two time points (4 h and 24 h) with radiolabeled samples, showed that the higher affinity antibody targets the tumor significantly better than the lower affinity one, in terms both of tumor:organ ratios and of the amounts of antibody delivered to the tumor. In particular, more than 20% of the injected dose of dimeric L19 accumulated per gram of tumor at 4 h; the tumor:organ ratios at 4 h and 24 h were in the (2.1-8.6):1 and (10.3-29.4):1 range, respectively. This study demonstrates that, although vasculature represents only a small fraction of the total tumor mass, anti-ED-B antibodies can selectively target tumors in vivo and that this process is particularly efficient if very high-affinity binders are used.
H2O2 induces upregulation of Fas and Fas ligand expression in NGF‐differentiated PC12 cells: Modulation by cAMP (2002)

Fas, (APO-1/CD95), a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the tumor necrosis (TNF) receptor superfamily, transduces apoptotic death upon crosslinking by its cognate ligand (FasL). As upregulation of Fas/FasL expression occurs in neuropathological conditions (e.g., stroke, central nervous system [CNS] trauma and seizures) associated with oxidative damage, we questioned whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) can directly affect Fas and FasL expression in neuronal cells. Utilizing rat PC12 cells neuronally differentiated with nerve growth factor (NGF), we observed that concentrations of H(2)O(2) inducing apoptotic cell death rapidly trigger the expression of Fas mRNA and protein as well as FasL mRNA. Although NGF-addition to naive PC12 downregulated constitutive Fas and FasL transcription, the H(2)O(2)-induced Fas and FasL mRNA upregulation invariably occurred either in the presence or in the absence of NGF. Similarly, phorbol 1,2-myristate 1, 3-acetate (PMA), a potent protein kinase C (PKC) activator, did not modify Fas and FasL mRNA upregulation subsequent to H(2)O(2) exposure. On the contrary, forskolin and dibutyryl cAMP, which elevate intracellular cAMP by independent mechanisms, both counteracted H(2)O(2)-induced Fas, but not FasL, mRNA upregulation and increased constitutive expression of FasL mRNA. Altogether, our data show that oxidative stress is a major stimulus in eliciting Fas and FasL expression in NGF-differentiated PC12 cells. Moreover, we describe here for the first time the existence of cAMP-dependent mechanism(s) modulating Fas and FasL expression.
The major Nod factor of Bradyrhizobium japonicum promotes early growth of soybean and corn (2002)

Greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of Nod factor Nod Bj-V (C18:1, MeFuc) of Badyrhizobium japonicum on the growth of soybean and corn. Three-day-old seedlings of soybean and corn were grown in hydroponic solutions containing four concentrations (0, 10(-7), 10(-9) or 10(-11) M) of Nod factor. After 7 d of treatment, Nod factor enhanced soybean and corn biomass. Nod factor elicited profound effects on root growth resulting in 34-44% longer roots in soybean. More detailed analyses of the roots, using a scanner based image analysis system, revealed that Nod factor increased the total length, projected area and surface area of the roots and decreased the diameter of soybean roots, while it increased the total length of corn roots. Stem injection of soybean plants with 10(-7) M Nod factor resulted in increased dry matter accumulation. These results suggest that Nod factor, besides mediating early stages of nodulation, has more general plant growth-promoting effects.
IFN-gamma is critical for long-term allograft survival induced by blocking the CD28 and CD40 ligand T cell costimulation pathways. (1998)

It is postulated that IFN-gamma production hinders long-term acceptance of transplanted organs. To test this hypothesis, we compared survival of skin and heart allografts in wild-type (IFN-gamma+/+) mice to that in IFN-gamma gene knockout (IFN-gamma-/-) mice. We found that perioperative blockade of the CD28 and/or CD40 ligand T cell costimulation pathways induces long-term skin and heart allograft survival in IFN-gamma+/+ recipients but fails to do so in IFN-gamma-/- mice or in wild-type mice treated with IFN-gamma-neutralizing Ab at the time of transplantation. In vitro studies showed that endogenously produced IFN-gamma down-regulates T cell proliferation and CTL generation in MLCs. These actions of IFN-gamma were not mediated by TNF-alpha production or Fas-Fas ligand interactions. In vivo studies revealed exaggerated expansion and, subsequently, impaired deletion of superantigen-reactive T lymphocytes in IFN-gamma-/- mice injected with staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Taken together, our findings indicate that IFN-gamma does not hinder but instead facilitates induction of long-term allograft survival possibly by limiting expansion of activated T cells.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Rhamnogalacturonan Acetylesterase from Aspergillus aculeatus (1995)

A rhamnogalacturonan acetylesterase (RGAE) was purified to homogeneity from the filamentous fungus Aspergillus aculeatus, and the NH2-terminal amino acid sequence was determined. Full-length cDNAs encoding the enzyme were isolated from an A. aculeatus cDNA library using a polymerase chain reaction-generated product as a probe. The 936-base pair rha1 cDNA encodes a 250-residue precursor protein of 26,350 Da, including a 17-amino acid signal peptide. The rha1 cDNA was overexpressed in Aspergillus oryzae, a filamentous fungus that does not possess RGAE activity, and the recombinant enzyme was purified and characterized. Mass spectrometry of the native and recombinant RGAE revealed that the enzymes are heterogeneously glycosylated. In addition, the observed differences in their molecular masses, lectin binding patterns, and monosaccharide compositions indicate that the glycan moieties on the two enzymes are structurally different. The RGAE was shown to act in synergy with rhamnogalacturonase A as well as rhamnogalacturonase B from A. aculeatus in the degradation of apple pectin rhamnogalacturonan. RNA gel blot analyses indicate that the expression of rhamnogalacturonan degrading enzymes by A. acculeatus is regulated at the level of transcription and is subjected to carbon catabolite repression by glucose.
Pentoxifylline inhibits HIV-1 LTR-driven gene expression by blocking NF-kappa B action. (1993)

The drug pentoxifylline (PTX) (1-(5'-oxohexyl) 3,7-dimethylxanthine) down-regulates human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR)-directed gene expression in the human monocytic cell line U38. This effect of PTX has been tested in clinical trials. In this investigation, a similar inhibitory effect of PTX on HIV-1 LTR-driven gene expression was observed (a) in a stable transfectant of the human embryo kidney cell line 293-27-2 carrying an expression plasmid construct with the HIV-1 LTR fused to the bacterial lac Z gene, and also (b) by transient transfection of human embryo kidney cells 293 S with fusion plasmid constructs with wild-type [pHIV-LTR-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT)] or mutated (pHIV-LTR-mut-CAT) nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) motifs. In both stable and transient transfection studies, 4-beta-phorbol-12-beta-myristate-acetate (PMA)-induced or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced activation of the HIV-1 LTR was correlated with a concomitant elevated level of NF-kappa B interaction with its motifs. The inducibility of HIV-1 LTR-driven gene expression by PMA or TNF-alpha in transiently transfected cells was completely eliminated by point mutations in the NF-kappa B motifs, suggesting that NF-kappa B plays a major role in the activation of the HIV-1 LTR by these agents in this cell system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)