gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Internet-of-Things (IoT)-Based Smart Agriculture: Toward Making the Fields Talk (2019)

Despite the perception people may have regarding the agricultural process, the reality is that today's agriculture industry is data-centered, precise, and smarter than ever. The rapid emergence of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) based technologies redesigned almost every industry including “smart agriculture” which moved the industry from statistical to quantitative approaches. Such revolutionary changes are shaking the existing agriculture methods and creating new opportunities along a range of challenges. This article highlights the potential of wireless sensors and IoT in agriculture, as well as the challenges expected to be faced when integrating this technology with the traditional farming practices. IoT devices and communication techniques associated with wireless sensors encountered in agriculture applications are analyzed in detail. What sensors are available for specific agriculture application, like soil preparation, crop status, irrigation, insect and pest detection are listed. How this technology helping the growers throughout the crop stages, from sowing until harvesting, packing and transportation is explained. Furthermore, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles for crop surveillance and other favorable applications such as optimizing crop yield is considered in this article. State-of-the-art IoT-based architectures and platforms used in agriculture are also highlighted wherever suitable. Finally, based on this thorough review, we identify current and future trends of IoT in agriculture and highlight potential research challenges.
Stable transformation of an Arabidopsis cell suspension culture with firefly luciferase providing a cellular system for analysis of chaperone activity in vivo. (1997)

Using Agrobacterium, we developed a method to transform an Arabidopsis cell suspension culture. A stably transformed cell line expressing high levels of firefly luciferase (Luc) was used for in vivo studies of thermal denaturation and renaturation of the enzyme and the protective role of different chaperones. Luc activity was monitored under heat stress and recovery conditions in control, thermotolerant cells and cells expressing plant chaperones after transient cotransformation with plasmids encoding proteins of the heat shock protein Hsp90, Hsp70, or Hsp20 family. The effects of the expressed proteins were specific. The Hsp17.6 class I protein maintained Luc activity on a level comparable with that observed in thermotolerant cells and improved Luc renaturation. Although transient expression of Hsp90 did not protect Luc from thermal denaturation, it accelerated Luc renaturation during recovery. In contrast to the other chaperones tested, overexpression of Hsp70 alone had no effect on denaturation and renaturation of Luc but enhanced Luc renaturation if coexpressed with Hsp17.6.
Innate Immune CD11b+Gr-1+ Cells, Suppressor Cells, Affect the Immune Response during Theiler’s Virus-Induced Demyelinating Disease (2009)

Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease associated with an inflammatory immune response in the CNS. Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV)-induced demyelinating disease is a relevant mouse model for the study of multiple sclerosis. TMEV infection of susceptible mice leads to a persistent virus infection of the CNS which contributes to development of demyelinating disease. We have previously shown that the innate immune response can affect the development and progression of demyelinating disease. In the current studies, we determined that the predominant infiltrating cells during the innate immune response are CD11b(+)Ly6C(+) cells. CD11b(+)Ly6C(+) cells are immature myeloid cells that have exited the bone marrow without maturing and have been shown to suppress CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses. Therefore, we wanted to determine what role these cells play in development and progression of demyelinating disease. TMEV-infected mice depleted of CD11b(+)Ly6C(+) cells during the innate immune response developed a reduced demyelinating disease which was associated with a decreased myelin-specific CD4(+) T cell response and a decreased inflammatory immune response in the CNS. TMEV-infected mice depleted of CD11b(+)Ly6C(+) cells had increased virus-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses during early virus infection associated with increased expression of IFN-gamma and IL-17 and decreased expression of IL-10 in the CNS. These results suggest that CD11b(+)Ly6C(+) cells which infiltrate into the CNS during the innate immune response are myeloid-derived suppressor cells that suppress virus-specific T cell responses and contribute to the development of demyelinating disease.
Malonyl-Coenzyme A Reductase in the Modified 3-Hydroxypropionate Cycle for Autotrophic Carbon Fixation in Archaeal Metallosphaera and Sulfolobus spp (2006)

Autotrophic members of the Sulfolobales (Crenarchaeota) contain acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA)/propionyl-CoA carboxylase as the CO2 fixation enzyme and use a modified 3-hydroxypropionate cycle to assimilate CO2 into cell material. In this central metabolic pathway malonyl-CoA, the product of acetyl-CoA carboxylation, is further reduced to 3-hydroxypropionate. Extracts of Metallosphaera sedula contained NADPH-specific malonyl-CoA reductase activity that was 10-fold up-regulated under autotrophic growth conditions. Malonyl-CoA reductase was partially purified and studied. Based on N-terminal amino acid sequencing the corresponding gene was identified in the genome of the closely related crenarchaeum Sulfolobus tokodaii. The Sulfolobus gene was cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant protein was purified and studied. The enzyme catalyzes the following reaction: malonyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ --> malonate-semialdehyde + CoA + NADP+. In its native state it is associated with small RNA. Its activity was stimulated by Mg2+ and thiols and inactivated by thiol-blocking agents, suggesting the existence of a cysteine adduct in the course of the catalytic cycle. The enzyme was specific for NADPH (Km = 25 microM) and malonyl-CoA (Km = 40 microM). Malonyl-CoA reductase has 38% amino acid sequence identity to aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, suggesting a common ancestor for both proteins. It does not exhibit any significant similarity with malonyl-CoA reductase from Chloroflexus aurantiacus. This shows that the autotrophic pathway in Chloroflexus and Sulfolobaceae has evolved convergently and that these taxonomic groups have recruited different genes to bring about similar metabolic processes.
Heparan sulfate in skeletal development, growth, and pathology: The case of hereditary multiple exostoses (2013)

Heparan sulfate (HS) is an essential component of cell surface and matrix-associated proteoglycans. Due to their sulfation patterns, the HS chains interact with numerous signaling proteins and regulate their distribution and activity on target cells. Many of these proteins, including bone morphogenetic protein family members, are expressed in the growth plate of developing skeletal elements, and several skeletal phenotypes are caused by mutations in those proteins as well as in HS-synthesizing and modifying enzymes. The disease we discuss here is hereditary multiple exostoses (HME), a disorder caused by mutations in HS synthesizing enzymes EXT1 and EXT2, leading to HS deficiency. The exostoses are benign cartilaginous-bony outgrowths, form next to growth plates, can cause growth retardation and deformities, chronic pain and impaired motion, and progress to malignancy in 2-5% of patients. We describe recent advancements on HME pathogenesis and exostosis formation deriving from studies that have determined distribution, activities and roles of signaling proteins in wild-type and HS-deficient cells and tissues. Aberrant distribution of signaling factors combined with aberrant responsiveness of target cells to those same factors appear to be a major culprit in exostosis formation. Insights from these studies suggest plausible and cogent ideas about how HME could be treated in the future.
Effect of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination on new-onset type 1 diabetes. A randomized clinical study. (1999)

Vaccination with BCG at the time of onset of type 1 diabetes does not increase the remission rate or preserve beta-cell function.
Introduction: (How) Do We Share the Sacred? (2019)

Multi-religious cohabitation bears immense social and political implications, since the question of how multi-religiosity should be organized has become a hotly debated topic all over Europe. Although religious diversity has turned into an everyday experience in many parts of the world today, a perception that understands conflict between religions as inevitable still holds sway and has maybe even grown stronger, especially after violent events such as the terror attacks of 9/11 and the recent upsurge of political populism in Europe and the Americas. A historically informed perspective that illustrates the widespread dissemination of religious mixture and the commonness of religious interaction throughout the centuries, however, may help us to see current debates in a different light. The present focus edition is dedicated to this purpose.
Measurement strategies for a confined microwave circular scanner (2009)

This article deals with the inverse scattering problem from scattered field data measured inside a closed microwave scanner. This system is presently being developed to demonstrate the potentiality of a non-invasive microwave imaging system for volumetric water content monitoring. The final goal is to retrieve soil moisture information as it is an important parameter for understanding fluid flow modelling, as well as water uptake by plants roots. Based on the actual state of the setup, we are proposing appropriate numerical tools, in particular a finite element formalism combined with a Lagrangian minimization scheme to provide a fast and accurate imaging tool. We will also show how we can improve the reconstruction algorithms by changing in a very simpler manner the measurement configuration, using either off-centred information or impedance boundary matching environment.
An externally tunable bacterial band-pass filter (2009)

The current paradigm for tuning synthetic biological systems is through re-engineering system components. Biological systems designed with the inherent ability to be tuned by external stimuli will be more versatile. We engineered Escherichia coli cells to behave as an externally tunable band-pass filter for enzyme activity and small molecules. The band's location can be positioned within a range of 4 orders of magnitude simply by the addition of compounds to the growth medium. Inclusion in the genetic network of an enzyme-substrate pair that functions as an attenuator is a generalizable strategy that enables this tunability. The genetic circuit enabled bacteria growth to be patterned in response to chemical gradients in nonintuitive ways and facilitated the isolation of engineered allosteric enzymes. The application of this strategy to other biological systems will increase their utility for biotechnological applications and their usefulness as a tool for gaining insight into nature's underlying design principles.
The Architecture of Fast H.264 CAVLC Decoder and its FPGA Implementation (2007)

In this paper, we present a fast architecture of realtime CAVLC decoder (CAVLD) implemented in a FPGA. The real-time performance is achieved by exploring the pipelining possibilities between the sub- modules and multi sub-symbol decoding. The implemented fast CAVLD architecture, when integrated with H264 decoder was capable of parsing at 30 fps for 1080 p streams for an encoded bit stream at a bit rate of 200 Mbps to achieve the real-time performance, while the clock is operated at 74.25 MHz. The result numbers of ALUs are 3266 and the critical path is within 10.5 ns.
Meniscal remodeling following partial meniscectomy—An experimental study in the dog (1985)

The response of the meniscus to partial meniscectomy (in the avascular zone) was evaluated in 15 dogs. Following surgery 10 of the 15 dogs (67%) demonstrated a remodeling of the cut surface of the meniscus. This process appeared to begin with a fibrin clot which adhered to the meniscectomy surface. The organized clot was then populated by fibrocytes and eventually modulated into a fibrocartilage-like tissue by 12 weeks. The origin of the cells is unknown and may represent a migration of cells from the synovium, a proliferation of meniscal fibrochondrocytes, or both. The remodeling process appears to be associated with the presence of a fibrin clot, presumably from residual hemarthrosis. In those menisci that did not remodel [five of 15 (33%)], the meniscectomy surface remained relatively unchanged with no signs of progressive degeneration.
A two-level hypertext retrieval model for legal data (1991)

This paper introduces an associative information retrieval model based on the two-level architecture proposed in [Agosti et al, 1989a] and[Agostiet al, 1990], andan experimental prototype developed in order to validate the model in a personal computing environment. In the fiist part of the paper, related work and motivations are presented. In the second pert, the model, entitled EXPLICIT, is introduced. EXPLICIT is basedon a two-level architecture which holds the two main parts of the informative resource managed by an information retrieval tool: the collection of documents and the indexing term structure. Theterm structure is managed as a schema of concepts which can be used by the final user as a frame of reference in the query formulation process. llemodel supports theconcurrent use of different schemas of concepts to satisfy information needs of different categories of users. Inthethird part of the paper, the main characteristics of the experimental prototype, named HyperLaw, are presented.
Direct Growth of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Scanning Probe Microscopy Tips (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTDirect Growth of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Scanning Probe Microscopy TipsJason H. Hafner, Chin Li Cheung, and Charles M. LieberView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 41, 9750–9751Publication Date (Web):October 1, 1999Publication History Received3 August 1999Published online1 October 1999Published inissue 1 October 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja992761bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja992761brapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1140Altmetric-Citations188LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Carbon nanotubes,Catalysts,Chemical vapor deposition,Imaging,Probes Get e-Alerts
Characterization of cell lines established from human gastric-esophageal adenocarcinomas: Biologic phenotype and invasion potential (1993)

Five cell lines derived from primary gastric-esophageal adenocarcinomas were established in tissue culture. These cell lines show differences in morphologic features, growth potential, and invasiveness. These newly established gastric cancer cell lines should prove useful for a wide range of studies attempting to decipher the biology of proximal gastric adenocarcinoma.
At the Bench: A Laboratory Navigator (1998)

SECTION 1. Getting Oriented Chapter 1: General lab organization and procedures Chapter 2: Laboratory setup and equipment Chapter 3: Getting started and staying organized SECTION 2. Plotting a Course Chapter 4: How to set up an experiment Chapter 5: Laboratory notebooks Chapter 6: Presenting yourself and your data SECTION 3. Navigating Chapter 7: Making reagents and buffers Chapter 8: Storage and disposal Chapter 9: Working without contamination Chapter 10: Eukaryotic cell culture Chapter 11: Bacteria Chapter 12: DNA, RNA, and protein Chapter 13: Radioactivity Chapter 14: Centrifugation Chapter 15: Electrophoresis Chapter 16: Microscopy
Application of Magnetic Particles in Medicine and Biology (2007)

Abstract Magnetic particles (MPs) have proved to be valuable tools for manipulation of cells or biomolecules, for transportation of chemical substances or transfer of energy to defined target sites in biological systems, and for clinical diagnostics and therapeutics—both in vitro as well as in vivo . MPs receive their magnetic properties and responsiveness to magnetic fields most often from the proven biocompatible iron oxides magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) and maghemite (γ‐Fe 2 O 3 ). The small size of MPs allows them to pass through capillary vessels during blood circulation. In nanoparticulate form or under the influence of strong magnetic fields, some MPs can even extravasate through capillary walls into surrounding tissue and reach many of the cells in the human body. Magnetically assisted delivery of chemo‐ or radiotherapeutics to as well as the generation of heat (hyperthermia) at defined target sites in the body can thus be achieved for treatment purposes, such as tumor therapy. Furthermore, MPs can serve as site‐ and function‐specific contrast agents and thus enhance the diagnostic potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). On the biotechnological side, magnetic labeling of cells and biomolecules with MPs followed by magnetic separation has been utilized for the isolation and analysis of nucleic acids and specific cells, for protein purification, for the detection of pathogenic bacteria and viruses, and for gene transfection.
Tracking RPE transplants labeled by retroviral gene transfer with green fluorescent protein. (1999)

Cultured HFRPE could be transduced to express GFP for long periods of time by retroviral gene transfer. GFP allowed retinal transplants and gene expression to be monitored in vivo. These results provide a model for potential ex vivo gene therapy in the subretinal space.
Interaction of Survival and Death Signaling in Basal Forebrain Neurons: Roles of Neurotrophins and Proneurotrophins (2006)

Proneurotrophins bind with high affinity to p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) and lack the capacity to bind Trk receptors, suggesting that proneurotrophins can elicit apoptosis via p75NTR even in cells expressing survival-promoting Trk receptors. In the CNS, basal forebrain (BF) neurons are particularly vulnerable to degeneration in Alzheimer's disease, and are among the few populations of brain neurons that express p75NTR throughout life. These neurons also express Trk receptors and may be concomitantly exposed to both proneurotrophins and mature neurotrophins during development, disease, or after injury. We investigated the interaction of mature and proneurotrophin signaling in these CNS neurons. Kainic acid-induced seizures elicited production of pro-NGF by BF astrocytes before caspase activation in p75NTR-positive BF neurons, demonstrating local production of proneurotrophins under pathological conditions and suggesting apoptotic signaling in vivo. Mechanisms of proneurotrophin-induced death were analyzed in cultured BF neurons, and required both p75NTR and its coreceptor sortilin. Surprisingly, exposure to both mature neurotrophins and proneurotrophins demonstrated that Trk phosphorylation did not prevent pro-NGF-induced apoptosis via p75NTR. However, activation of PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)/Akt and MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase)/Erk pathways prevented pro-NGF-induced apoptosis, revealing a novel critical checkpoint in survival versus apoptotic signaling downstream of Trk activation, and suggesting that pro-NGF blocks survival signaling by preventing Akt and Erk activation. This study shows that proneurotrophins are produced in the brain under pathological conditions, and can elicit apoptosis of BF neurons even when Trk receptors are activated.
Status of the Nevis Synchrocyclotron Modification (1971)

After 20 years of operation as a conventional synchrocyclotron producing 0.4 μA time average internal beam current of protons (increased to 1.6 μA in 1967) of ~ 385 MeV, we stopped operation in September 1970 for the major modification for which we have been planning since 1965. The major study program and the conversion project are supported by a $ 3.9 M grant from the NSF. The conversion retains the basic cyclotron magnet (2000 tons of Fe and ~ 300 tons of Cu coils), but adds a 10-in. thick Fe band around the outside magnet perimeter to lower the return path reluctance. A new larger vacuum chamber is used, with auxilliary excitation coils. Pole iron within 30 in. of the median plane is replaced by a new configuration which includes N=3 symmetry sector iron with a small median plane gap. <B xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> = 18 kG near the center and 20 kG near 80 in. radius. Strong azimuthal magnetic field flutter begins at &lt; 2 in. radius to give strong focusing νz, and νr∦1. We expect to obtain ~ 550 MeV proton energy, with high extraction efficiency for a 10 to 40 μA time average external beam (~ 50% duty factor), when operation starts later this year. Additional details are given in companion papers in these Proceedings. The system will still be a synchrocyclotron and will have a 300 Hz FM repetition rate, with a new RF system, etc.</B>
Detection of Ethanol in Wines Using Optical-Fiber Measurements and Near-Infrared Analysis (1988)

Optical-fiber measurements coupled with near-infrared analysis is used to predict the ethanol content of wine samples to within ±0.33 volume percent. Because telecommunications-grade optical fibers are used, the wavelength range is limited and the signal-to-noise ratio is an order of magnitude less than that for conventional near-infrared measurements. These features prompted the use of partial least-squares (PLS) as the calibration algorithm. PLS provides robust calibrations that are based upon the entire spectrum. The problem of extreme samples not being represented in the calibration model is discussed and illustrated. Also, the robustness of the PLS calibration is demonstrated. Spectral reconstruction is used to help assign the bands in the wavelength range used.
Music of the Spheres 2000 (2000)

Report of the World Conference of the International Society for Music Education (ISME), held in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, in July 2000.