gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adriamycin: The Role of Lipid Peroxidation in Cardiac Toxicity and Tumor Response (1977)

The antitumor antibiotic, adriamycin, induces severe cardiac toxicity associated with peroxidation of cardiac lipids in mice. Both this lipid peroxidation and cardiac toxicity of adriamycin are reduced by prior treatment of the animals with the free radical scavenger tocopherol. Such treatment with tocopherol does not, however, alter the magnitude or duration of the adriamycin-induced suppression of DNA synthesis in P388 ascites tumor, nor does it diminish the antitumor responsiveness of P388 ascites tumor. These results suggest that adriamycin has at least two mechanisms of tissue damage: one, which involves lipid peroxidation, is blocked by tocopherol and results in cardiac toxicity; the other, which involves binding to DNA, is not antagonized by tocopherol and is responsible for tumor response.
Modeling Parkinson's Disease in Primates: The MPTP Model (2011)

The 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) primate models of Parkinson's disease (PD) reproduce most, although not all, of the clinical and pathological hallmarks of PD. The present contribution presents the possibilities offered by the MPTP monkey models of PD to readers with minimal knowledge of PD, emphasizing the diversity of species, route and regimen of administration, symptoms and pathological features. Readers would eventually find out that there is not a single MPTP monkey model of PD but instead MPTP monkey models of PD, each addressing a specific experimental need.
FPU Generator for Design Space Exploration (2013)

FPUs have been a topic of research for almost a century, leading to thousands of papers and books. Each advance focuses on the virtues of some specific new technique. This paper compares the energy efficiency of both throughput-optimized and latency-sensitive designs, each employing an array of optimization techniques, through a fair "apples to apples" methodology. This comparison required us to build many optimized FP units. We accomplished this by creating a highly parameterized FPgenerator, hierarchically encompassing lower-level generators for summation trees, Booth encoders, adders, etc. Having constructed this generator we quickly relearned a number of low-level issues that are critical and are often the most neglected by papers. By exploring cascade and fused multiply-add architectures across a variety of bit widths, summation trees, booth encoders, pipelining techniques, and pipe depths, we found that for most throughput based designs, a Booth-3 fused multiply-add architecture with a Wallace combining tree is optimal. For latency designs, we found that Booth-2 cascade multiply-add architectures are better. As we describe in the paper, Wallace is not always the optimal combining network due to wire delay and track count, and the precise way the CSA's are connected in the tree can make a larger difference than the type of tree used.
Pulsed and cw laser fluorescence spectra from cancerous, normal, and chemically treated normal human breast and lung tissues (1989)

The origin of the differences in the fluorescence spectra obtained from cancerous and normal human breast and lung tissues is explored experimentally. The fluorescence spectra from chemically treated normal tissues were measured to give information on the source of the spectral differences. The pulsed fluorescence spectra photoexcited by the second and third harmonic of a 10-ps pulse from Nd:glass laser are reported for normal and cancerous tissues of breast and lung.
GDNF improves cerebellar Purkinje neuron function in aged F344 rats (2001)

Aging is associated with a decline in the function of beta-adrenergic receptor responses in the cerebellum. This decline in noradrenergic receptor sensitivity may underlie some of the accompanying age-related declines in motoric learning behaviors. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been reported to prevent the degeneration of noradrenergic neurons following neurotoxic lesions. Thus, it was of interest to examine if GDNF would have a beneficial effect on age-related declines in noradrenergic function. Eighteen-month-old F344 rats were injected with 500 microg GDNF in 20 microl into the cisterna magna. Three weeks following GDNF or vehicle treatment, rats were tested on a motor coordination task and then examined electrophysiologically under urethane anesthesia. GDNF did not produce an improvement in performance on an inclined balance beam or an accelerating rotorod. In young (3-month-old) F344 rats isoproterenol (ISO) will increase GABAergic inhibitions in the majority of cells examined; however, in aged rats only about 30% of neurons demonstrate this phenotype. In the aged rats treated with GDNF, ISO was able to increase GABAergic inhibitions in greater than 75% of the neurons tested, thus returning the neurons to a young phenotype. We examined the brains for expression of bcl-2, which has been shown to be increased in the aged cerebellum. GDNF was able to down-regulate this neuronal signal. Thus, intra-cisterna magna delivery of GDNF to aged rats improved beta-adrenergic receptor function and reduced stress related signaling of bcl-2 in the aged F344 rats to a level similar to that observed in young rats.
Cellulose: Fascinating Biopolymer and Sustainable Raw Material (2005)

As the most important skeletal component in plants, the polysaccharide cellulose is an almost inexhaustible polymeric raw material with fascinating structure and properties. Formed by the repeated connection of D-glucose building blocks, the highly functionalized, linear stiff-chain homopolymer is characterized by its hydrophilicity, chirality, biodegradability, broad chemical modifying capacity, and its formation of versatile semicrystalline fiber morphologies. In view of the considerable increase in interdisciplinary cellulose research and product development over the past decade worldwide, this paper assembles the current knowledge in the structure and chemistry of cellulose, and in the development of innovative cellulose esters and ethers for coatings, films, membranes, building materials, drilling techniques, pharmaceuticals, and foodstuffs. New frontiers, including environmentally friendly cellulose fiber technologies, bacterial cellulose biomaterials, and in-vitro syntheses of cellulose are highlighted together with future aims, strategies, and perspectives of cellulose research and its applications.
Likelihood of seizure remission in an adult population with refractory epilepsy (2007)

Fifteen percent (approximately 5% per year) of a drug refractory epilepsy population obtained a 6-month terminal seizure remission. Our results signify that no matter how many antiepileptic drug therapies have failed, there is always hope of a meaningful seizure remission in this population. Furthermore, we have elucidated four clinical predictors that can aid the epileptologist in prognostication.
Regulation of Cyclic AMP Response Element Binding and Hippocampal Plasticity-Related Genes by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α (2013)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a transcription factor that regulates genes involved in fatty acid catabolism. Here, we provide evidence that PPARα is constitutively expressed in nuclei of hippocampal neurons and, surprisingly, controls calcium influx and the expression of various plasticity-related genes via direct transcriptional regulation of cyclic AMP response element binding (CREB). Accordingly, Pparα-null, but not Pparβ-null, mice are deficient in CREB and memory-associated proteins and have decreased spatial learning and memory. Small hairpin RNA knockdown of PPARα in the hippocampus suppressed CREB and NR2A, rendering wild-type animals markedly poor in consolidating spatial memory, whereas introduction of PPARα to the hippocampus of Pparα-null mice increased hippocampal CREB and NR2A and improved spatial learning and memory. Through detailed analyses of CREB and NR2A activity, as well as spatial learning and memory in bone marrow chimeric animals lacking PPARα in the CNS, we uncover a mechanism for transcriptional control of Creb and associated plasticity genes by PPARα.
Similarity based regression: Applied advanced pattern recognition for power plant analysis (1995)

Substantial amounts of time, money, and manpower are expended in analyzing and controlling power plants. Many of these efforts are compromised due to faulty or missing data values that can result in erroneous performance assessments, inappropriate operator actions, inefficient plant operation, excessive plant emissions, and a host of other undesirable effects. To detect and eliminate bad data values associated with power plant equipment and instrumentation, a computerized analysis technique called Similarity-Based Regression has been developed which utilizes historical plant data to form the basis of a very accurate, fault-tolerant plant model. The method automatically provides substitutes for any faulty or missing data values and readily detects abnormalities in individual sensors as well as plant subsystems. Similarity-Based Regression is currently being adapted to a variety of power plant applications.
TMEM173 variants and potential importance to human biology and disease (2018)

TMEM173 gene encodes the protein STING (stimulator of interferon genes), a key player in host defense against pathogens. Mutations in the human TMEM173 gene cause a life-threatening auto-inflammatory disease called SAVI (STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy). Human STING is also a promising therapeutic target for cancers and infectious diseases. Recently, Aduro Biotech and Novartis announced a $250M-plus initiative to develop STING-targeting cancer immunotherapies. Thus, understanding the genetics of the human TMEM173 gene is important for both basic and translational research. The human TMEM173 gene has great heterogeneity and population stratification. R232 of STING is the most common human TMEM173 allele. However, >50% of Americans are not R232/R232. HAQ (R71H-G230A-R293Q) is the second most common human TMEM173 allele. While R232/R232 is the dominant TMEM173 genotype in Europeans, R232/HAQ is the most common TMEM173 genotype in East Asians. Importantly, recent studies suggested that HAQ and H232 are likely loss-of-function TMEM173 alleles. In all, ~30% of East Asians and ~10% of Europeans are HAQ/HAQ, HAQ/H232, or H232/H232. Here, we reviewed human TMEM173 alleles, mutations and their potential impact on human health and medicine.
5-Fluorouracil-loaded chitosan coated polylactic acid microspheres as biodegradable drug carriers for cerebral tumours (2000)

The development of injectable microspheres for anticancer drug delivery into the brain is a major challenge. The possibility of entrapping 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in chitosan coated monodisperse biodegradable microspheres with a mean diameter of 10-25 um was demonstrated. An emulsion of 5-FU (in water) and polylactic acid (PLA) dissolved in acetone-dichloromethane mixture was poured into an aqueous solution of chitosan (or poly-vinyl alcohol) with stirring using a high-speed homogenizer, for the formation of microspheres. 5-FU recovery in microspheres ranged from 44-66% depending on the polymer and emulsification systems used for the preparation. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the chitosan coated microspheres had less surface micropores compared to PVA based preparations. The drug release behaviour from microspheres suspended in phosphate buffered saline exhibited a biphasic pattern. The amount of drug release was much higher initially (approximately 25%), followed by a constant slow release profile for a 30 days period of study. This chitosan coated PLA/PLGA microsphere formulation may have potential for the targeted delivery of 5-FU to treat cerebral tumours.
Genomic organization, tissue distribution and deletion mutation of human pyridoxine 5′‐phosphate oxidase (2004)

We used a combined computer and biochemical approach to characterize human pyridoxine 5'-phosphate oxidase (PNPO). The human PNPO gene is composed of seven exons and six introns, and spans approximately 8 kb. All exon/intron junctions contain the gt/ag consensus splicing site. The absence of TATA-like sequences, the presence of Sp1-binding sites and more importantly, the presence of CpG islands in the regulatory region of the PNPO gene are characteristic features of housekeeping genes. Northern blot analyses showed two species of poly(A)(+) RNA of approximately 2.4 and approximately 3.4 kb at identical intensity, whereas Western blot analysis showed that no protein isoform exists in any of the tissues examined. PCR-based analysis led to the idea that two messages are transcribed from a single copy gene, and that the size difference is due to differential usage of the polyadenylation signal. The major sites of PNPO expression are liver, skeletal muscle and kidneys while a very weak signal was detected in lung. The mRNA master dot-blot for multiple human tissues provided a complete map of the tissue distribution not only for PNPO but also for pyridoxal kinase and pyridoxal phosphatase. The data indicate that mRNA expression of all three enzymes essential for vitamin B(6) metabolism is ubiquitous but is highly regulated at the level of transcription in a tissue-specific manner. In addition, human brain PNPO cDNA was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the roles of both the N- and C-terminal regions were studied by creating sequential truncation mutants. Our results showed that deletion of the N-terminal 56 residues affects neither the binding of coenzyme nor catalytic activity.
Analog-to-digital converter survey and analysis (1999)

Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are ubiquitous, critical components of software radio and other signal processing systems. This paper surveys the state-of-the-art of ADCs, including experimental converters and commercially available parts. The distribution of resolution versus sampling rate provides insight into ADC performance limitations. At sampling rates below 2 million samples per second (Gs/s), resolution appears to be limited by thermal noise. At sampling rates ranging from /spl sim/2 Ms/s to /spl sim/4 giga samples per second (Gs/s), resolution falls off by /spl sim/1 bit for every doubling of the sampling rate. This behavior may be attributed to uncertainty in the sampling instant due to aperture jitter. For ADCs operating at multi-Gs/s rates, the speed of the device technology is also a limiting factor due to comparator ambiguity. Many ADC architectures and integrated circuit technologies have been proposed and implemented to push back these limits. The trend toward single-chip ADCs brings lower power dissipation. However, technological progress as measured by the product of the ADC resolution (bits) times the sampling rate is slow. Average improvement is only /spl sim/1.5 bits for any given sampling frequency over the last six-eight years.
Structure and function of insulin: preparation and biological activity of guinea pig des-B-Asp30,des-A-Asn21-insulin (1976)

Bovine des-B-Ala30,des-A-Asn21-insulin and guinea pig des-B-Asp30,des-A-Asn21-insulin were prepared from bovine and guinea pig insulin by digestion with carboxypeptidase A (EC 3.4.12.2). As reported by other investigators, the biological activity of bovine des-Ala30,des-Asn21-insulin was less than 10% that of bovine insulin. Contrary to theoretical consideration, removal of A-Asn21 and B-Asp30 from the carbosyl termini of guinea pig insulin resulted in a loss of more than 90% of the biological activity. Receptor binding studies of these insulin derivatives demonstrated a good correlation between the loss of biological activity and the decrease in binding affinity. It is suggested that the carboxyl terminal A-Asn21 of insulin may interact directly with the insulin receptor.
In SituHybridization of High Density Lipoprotein (Scavenger, Type 1) Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) during Folliculogenesis and Luteinization: Evidence for mRNA Expression and Induction by Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Specifically in Cell Types that Use Cholesterol for Steroidogenesis1 (1998)

The present studies were undertaken to examine the expression of the high density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor, SR-B1 messenger RNA (mRNA) in ovarian cell types during folliculogenesis and luteinization using in situ hybridization histochemistry and to examine its hormonal regulation using Northern blots. For the in situ study for HDL receptor mRNA localization, 21-day-old rats were treated with 50 IU PMSG, and ovaries were collected 0, 24, and 56 h postinjection. At 56 h, animals were treated with a single dose of hCG, and ovaries were subsequently collected at 6-, 12-, 24-, and 72-h and 5-day intervals. In addition, on day 4 of pseudopregnancy, a second dose of 50 IU hCG or saline was administered, and ovaries were collected at 12, 24, and 48 h to determine the induction of the expression of HDL receptor mRNA. The results of in situ hybridization histochemistry showed that in the immature ovary, HDL receptor mRNA is associated with theca interna and interstitial cells (stroma). The mRNA expression in these cell types increased with PMSG treatment, but no signal was detected in the granulosa cells. Northern blot analysis also showed a marked increase in mRNA content in thecal and interstitial cells during follicular development. During luteinization, the intensity of the signal began to appear in the luteinized granulosa cells. With the completion of luteinization, the signal in the corpus luteum tissue became more intense. Further treatment with hCG increased the HDL receptor mRNA content compared with that in the saline-treated control. These results demonstrate that the cholesterol-using cell types of the ovary, namely the interstitial cells, thecal cells, and fully luteinized granulosa cells are endowed with the HDL receptor mRNA, which provides credence to the functional significance of the role of HDL receptor SR-B1 in cholesterol transport and ovarian steroidogenesis.
A series of yeast/Escherichia coli λ expression vectors designed for directional cloning of cDNAs and cre/lox‐mediated plasmid excision (1993)

A series of Saccharomyces cerevisiae/Escherichia coli lambda/plasmid expression vectors have been constructed which allow easy excision of the plasmid sequences from lambda. Features of six are described, and two designated lambda PG15 and lambda AD5, are characterized in detail. Transcription of cloned sequences is controlled by the alternative promoters, ADH2, PGK, GAL10 and SV40 early, and by the CYC1 transcriptional terminator. Unique EcoRI and XhoI restriction sites in the intervening polylinker make these lambda vectors compatible for directional cloning of 'ZAP'-synthesized cDNAs. Inserted DNAs have been previously shown to have high levels of the genetic activity in both S. cerevisiae and E. coli, allowing these vectors to be used for genetic complementation in both species. Plasmid recovery from the lambda vector is mediated by the activity of the cre-encoded enzyme upon lox sequences flanking the plasmid and adjoining the lambda arms. The plasmids contain the yeast 2 microns origin and E. coli pBR322 origin, the URA3 or TRP1 yeast selectable markers, and ampicillin-resistance marker in E. coli. The usefulness of the lambda PG15 and the lambda AD5 cloning vectors was demonstrated by constructing large Neurospora crassa cDNA libraries. The lambda PG15-N. crassa library was used to infect purE, purC and trpC mutants of E. coli, and complemented and/or suppressed prototrophic colonies were selected. The flexibility and power of this system for cloning of cDNAs is discussed.
The SCORE approach to blind adaptive signal extraction: an application of the theory of spectral correlation (2003)

A new approach to blind adaption of antenna arrays is presented that has the capability to extract PCM, AM, and FDM-FM communication signals-of-interest (SOIs) from cochannel interference environments using only known spectral correlation properties of those SOIs, i.e. without using knowledge of the antenna array manifold, SOI waveform, or SOI direction-of-arrival to train the array. The class of self-coherence restoral (SCORE) objective functions is introduced, and flexible algorithms for adapting antenna arrays to optimize these objective functions are developed. It is shown that these algorithms will maximize the SOI SINR at the output of any antenna array when a single SOI with self-coherence at a known value of frequency separation and an arbitrary number of interferers without self-coherence at that frequency separation are impinging on the array.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Matlnd and Matlnspector: new fast and versatile tools for detection of consensus matches in nucleotide sequence data (1995)

The identification of potential regulatory motifs in new sequence data is increasingly important for experimental design. Those motifs are commonly located by matches to IUPAC strings derived from consensus sequences. Although this method is simple and widely used, a major drawback of IUPAC strings is that they necessarily remove much of the information originally present in the set of sequences. Nucleotide distribution matrices retain most of the information and are thus better suited to evaluate new potential sites. However, sufficiently large libraries of pre-compiled matrices are a prerequisite for practical application of any matrix-based approach and are just beginning to emerge. Here we present a set of tools for molecular biologists that allows generation of new matrices and detection of potential sequence matches by automatic searches with a library of pre-compiled matrices. We also supply a large library (> 200) of transcription factor binding site matrices that has been compiled on the basis of published matrices as well as entries from the TRANSFAC database, with emphasis on sequences with experimentally verified binding capacity. Our search method includes position weighting of the matrices based on the information content of individual positions and calculates a relative matrix similarity. We show several examples suggesting that this matrix similarity is useful in estimating the functional potential of matrix matches and thus provides a valuable basis for designing appropriate experiments.
Nucleotide sequence of the maltotetraohydrolase gene from Pseudomonas saccharophila (1989)

The nucleotide sequence of the Pseudomonas saccharophila gene encoding maltotetraohydrolase (G4-forming amylase) has been determined. The coding region for the G4-forming amylase precursor contained 1653 nucleotides. The deduced precursor protein included an N-terminal 21-residue putative signal peptide; the deduced mature form of G4-forming amylase contains 530 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 57 740 Da. Sequence similarities between the G4-forming amylase and other amylolytic enzymes of species ranging from prokaryotes to eukaryotes are quite limited. However, three regions, which are involved in both the catalytic and substrate-binding sites of various amylolytic enzymes, are highly conserved in the G4-forming amylase of P. saccharophila.
Thymidine kinase-deficient herpes simplex virus type 2 genital infection in guinea pigs (1985)

In guinea pigs, thymidine kinase-producing strains of herpes simplex virus type 2 replicated to high titer in the vagina and spinal cord, and animals developed severe clinical disease. Infection with thymidine kinase-deficient virus resulted in similar vaginal virus titers; however, animals exhibited little or no clinical illness and only low titers of virus were detected in spinal cord homogenate cultures. Neural and extraneural latent infection as well as recurrent infection were noted in animals inoculated with either thymidine kinase-producing or -deficient viruses. These data suggest that neural pathways are important in the pathogenesis of genital herpes and that virus-coded thymidine kinase may influence virulence but is not required for latency.