gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of the proteasome in apoptosis induced by anthracycline anticancer agents (2002)

To elucidate the involvement of proteasome inhibition in apoptosis induced by anthracycline anticancer agents, we investigated the interaction between the proteasome and anthracycline anticancer agents, and the function of the proteasome in apoptosis. Exposure of L1210 mouse lymphocytic leukemia cells to adriamycin (ADM) or 4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP) resulted in apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner: 5 microM ADM and 0.5 microM THP induced apoptosis efficiently, but the effects of 10 microM ADM and 5 microM THP were markedly decreased or completely absent. Carbobenzoxy-leucyl-leucyl-leucinal (Z-LLLal), a specific proteasome inhibitor, also induced dose-dependent apoptosis of the cells. The inhibitory effect of THP on chymotrypsin-like protease activity of proteasomes purified from the cytosol of L1210 cells was stronger than that of ADM. Both of these agents showed reversible non-competitive inhibitory effects. The intracellular content of ubiquitinated protein increased in ADM-, THP- or Z-LLLal-treated L1210 cells during apoptosis. These results suggested that anthracycline anticancer agents induce apoptosis by interacting, at least in part, with proteasomes.
Metabolic and cardiovascular responses to liquid and solid test meals (1998)

There is indirect evidence from previous studies that the physiological responses to a liquid test meal may differ from those seen after consumption of a solid meal. The aim of the present study was to determine the metabolic and cardiovascular responses to isoenergetic high-carbohydrate mixed nutrient liquid or solid test meals, providing 2.1 MJ (approximately 70% of which was from carbohydrate), in eight healthy men following an overnight fast. Metabolic rate increased significantly after both meals (P < 0.0001, time effect), but the increase was significantly greater after the solid than after the liquid test meal (0.40 (SE 0.14), 0.26 (SE 0.10) kJ/min respectively, P = 0.001). The respiratory exchange ratio increased significantly after both the liquid and solid test meals, with no significant differences between them. Forearm blood flow increased significantly after the liquid test meal (0.70 (SE 0.33) ml/100 ml per min, P < 0.0001), whilst it decreased after the solid meal (-0.28 (SE 0.16) ml/100 ml per min, P < 0.0001). Heart rate increased on both occasions, but the response was significantly greater after the solid meal (P = 0.02). There were no significant plasma noradrenaline responses, but there were significantly higher increases in serum insulin and blood glucose following the solid meal. Thus, the physical form of a test meal affects the physiological responses to nutrient ingestion.
Hindcasting of Storm Surge at Southeast Coast by Typhoon Maemi (2005)

Typhoon Maemi landed on the southeast coast of Korea and caused a severe storm surge in Jinhae Bay and Masan Bay. The tide gage in Masan Port recorded the storm surge of a maximum of more than 2m and the area of more than 700m from the Seo Hang Wharf was flooded by the storm surge. They had not met such an extremely severe storm surge since the opening of the port. Then storm surge was hindcasted with a numerical model. The typhoon pressure was approximated by Myers' empirical model and super gradient wind around the typhoon eye wall was considered in the wind estimation. The land topography surrounding Jinhae Bay and Masan Bay is so complex that the computed wind field was modified with the 3D-MASCON model. The motion of seawater due to the atmospheric forces was simulated using a one-layer model based on non-linear long wave approximation. The Janssen's wave age dependent drag coefficient on the sea surface was calculated in the wave prediction model WAM cycle 4 and the coefficient was inputted to the storm surge model. The result shows that the storm surge hindcasted by the numerical model was in good agreement with the observed one.
Identification of inducible brown adipocyte progenitors residing in skeletal muscle and white fat (2010)

Brown fat is specialized for energy expenditure and has therefore been proposed to function as a defense against obesity. Despite recent advances in delineating the transcriptional regulation of brown adipocyte differentiation, cellular lineage specification and developmental cues specifying brown-fat cell fate remain poorly understood. In this study, we identify and isolate a subpopulation of adipogenic progenitors (Sca-1(+)/CD45(-)/Mac1(-); referred to as Sca-1(+) progenitor cells, ScaPCs) residing in murine brown fat, white fat, and skeletal muscle. ScaPCs derived from different tissues possess unique molecular expression signatures and adipogenic capacities. Importantly, although the ScaPCs from interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) are constitutively committed brown-fat progenitors, Sca-1(+) cells from skeletal muscle and subcutaneous white fat are highly inducible to differentiate into brown-like adipocytes upon stimulation with bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7). Consistent with these findings, human preadipocytes isolated from subcutaneous white fat also exhibit the greatest inducible capacity to become brown adipocytes compared with cells isolated from mesenteric or omental white fat. When muscle-resident ScaPCs are re-engrafted into skeletal muscle of syngeneic mice, BMP7-treated ScaPCs efficiently develop into adipose tissue with brown fat-specific characteristics. Importantly, ScaPCs from obesity-resistant mice exhibit markedly higher thermogenic capacity compared with cells isolated from obesity-prone mice. These data establish the molecular characteristics of tissue-resident adipose progenitors and demonstrate a dynamic interplay between these progenitors and inductive signals that act in concert to specify brown adipocyte development.
Transgenic Insulin (B:9-23) T-Cell Receptor Mice Develop Autoimmune Diabetes Dependent Upon RAG Genotype, H-2g7 Homozygosity, and Insulin 2 Gene Knockout (2006)

A series of recent studies in humans and the NOD mouse model have highlighted the central role that autoimmunity directed against insulin, in particular the insulin B chain 9-23 peptide, may play in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Both pathogenic and protective T-cell clones recognizing the B:9-23 peptide have been produced. This report describes the successful creation of BDC12-4.1 T-cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice with spontaneous insulitis in F1 mice (FVB x NOD) and spontaneous diabetes in NOD.RAG(-/-) (backcross 1 generation). Disease progression is heterogeneous and is modified by a series of genetic factors including heterozygosity (H-2(g7)/H-2(q)) versus homozygosity for H-2(g7), the presence of additional T-/B-cell receptor-rearranged genes (RAG(+) versus RAG(-/-)), and the insulin 2 gene knockout (the insulin gene expressed in the NOD thymus). Despite lymphopenia, 40% of H-2(g7/g7) BDC12-4.1 TCR(+) RAG(-/-) Ins2(-/-) mice are diabetic by 10 weeks of age. As few as 13,500 transgenic T-cells from a diabetic TCR(+) RAG(-/-) mouse can transfer diabetes to an NOD.scid mouse. The current study demonstrates that the BDC12-4.1 TCR is sufficient to cause diabetes at NOD backcross 1, bypassing polygenic inhibition of insulitis and diabetogenesis.
The pTα promoter and enhancer are direct targets for transactivation by E box-binding proteins (2002)

The pre-T alpha (pT alpha) gene encodes a protein that forms the pre-TCR together with the newly expressed TCR beta chain during a defined stage of early T cell development. The restricted expression of this gene has been suggested to depend on a promoter and an enhancer element containing E boxes, which are potential binding sites for basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins. We here report that increased expression of E47 and E12 mRNA in CD4(-)CD8(-)TCR(-) thymocytes correlates with the initiation of pT alpha transcription. Furthermore, electrophoretic mobility shift assays suggested that E47 binds directly to both the pT alpha promoter and enhancer in vitro. Ectopic expression of E47 in non-lymphoid HeLa cells resulted in a dose- and template-dependent activation of these control elements. In addition to this, ectopic expression of E47 in combination with the ets-protein Pu.1 and/or the Pu.1-interacting protein(Pip-1), resulted in a synergistic effect on the activity of the pT alpha control elements. Thus, we suggest that E47, Pu.1 and Pip-1 are directly involved in the regulation of pT alpha expression in early T cell development.
A 2ns Cycle, 4ns Access 512kb CMOS ECL SRAM (1991)

A 512kb CMOS ECL SRAM with 2ns cycle and 4ns access for fully-random read/write operations uses a 0.8μm CMOS technology having a 0.5μm L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff"</sub> The 2ns cycle time is obtained through more aggressive use of pipelining than previously reported. The pipelining is transparent to the user.
Air-core photonic-bandgap fiber-optic gyroscope (2006)

We report the demonstration of the first air-core photonic-bandgap fiber gyroscope. Because the optical mode in the sensing coil travels largely through air, which has much smaller Kerr, Faraday, and thermal constants than silica, far lower dependencies on power, magnetic field, and temperature fluctuations are predicted. With a 235-m fiber coil, we observe a minimum detectable rotation rate of ~2.7deg/h and a long-term stability of ~2deg/h, which are consistent with the Rayleigh backscattering coefficient of the fiber and comparable to that measured with a conventional fiber
Operation principle of the InGaAsP/InP laser transistor (1985)

A laser transistor functions both as a semiconductor laser and a heterojunction bipolar transistor. It generates stimulated emission light from the base region. We have obtained, typically, a maximum laser power of 3 mW, a current gain of 2000, and a transition frequency of 2.5 GHz for the fabricated devices. We show that the novel light output control can be obtained by changing its collector voltage. Both laser output and collector current can also be simultaneously controlled by changing the base current.
Decreased Serum Levels of Adiponectin Are a Risk Factor for the Progression to Type 2 Diabetes in the Japanese Population (2003)

Decreased serum adiponectin level is an independent risk factor for progression to type 2 diabetes.
Generation of alkylidenecarbenes by the alkenation of carbonyl compounds with lithiotrimethylsilyldiazomethane (1992)

The reaction of carbonyl compounds and lithiotrimethylsilyldiazomethane, which generate alkylidenecarbenes, gives a terminal acetylene from an aldehyde and cyclopentene derivatives from ketones.
Extract highlights from baseball game video with hidden Markov models (2003)

We describe a statistical method to detect highlights in a baseball game video. The input video is first segmented into scene shots, within which the camera motion is continuous. Our approach is based on the observations that (1) most highlights in baseball games are composed of certain types of scene shots and (2) those scene shots exhibit special transition context in time. To exploit those two observations, we first build statistical models for each type of scene shots with products of histograms, and then for each type of highlight a hidden Markov model is learned to represent the context of transition in the time domain. A probabilistic model can be obtained by combining the two, which is used for highlight detection and classification. Satisfactory results have been achieved on initial experimental results.
Polynucleotides. LXXII. Deoxyribooligonucleotide synthesis on a polymer support (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolynucleotides. LXXII. Deoxyribooligonucleotide synthesis on a polymer supportHikoya. Hayatsu and H. Gobind. KhoranaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 15, 3880–3887Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1967https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00991a035RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views121Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Recent Advances in the Treatment of Graft-Versus-Host Disease (2004)

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a lethal complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) where immunocompetent donor T cells attack the genetically disparate host cells. The predominant symptoms of acute GVHD occur in the skin, liver, and intestine. Induction of acute GVHD can be divided into three phases: recipient conditioning, donor T cell activation, and effector cell-mediated GVHD. Chronic GVHD usually appears up to 100 days after HSCT and is characterized by symptoms similar to those observed for autoimmune disease. It is possible that chronic GVHD is the result of autoreactive T cells that escaped negative selection due to damage to the thymus from conditioning regimens, acute GVHD, and/or age related atrophy. Recent advances in the understanding of the basic mechanisms involved in GVHD pathophysiology have led to new strategies designed to block GVHD. This review focuses on recent developments in the treatment of GVHD, including insights gained from our own experimental studies.
The Role of Therapeutic Apheresis in the Treatment of Cancer: A Review (1999)

Immunosuppression is a hallmark of advanced malignancies in man. Over the past 40 years, many investigators have identified soluble immunosuppressive factors in blood, serum, ascitic fluid, and pleural fluid from cancers in man and other species. Suppressive factors have also been identified that are produced by tumors. The description of immunosuppressive factors in the blood of vertebrates who either have cancer or who are pregnant is significant, for only in pregnancy and cancer does a seemingly normal immune system tolerate immunogenic neoantigen. Tumor necrosis factors (TNFs) are known to be pleiotropic cytotoxic cytokines that are produced by macrophages and lymphocytes. These cells are thought to be suppressed in patients who have cancer or who are pregnant. Recently, elevated blood levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (sTNFRs) have been reported in the blood in a variety of cancers and pregnancy. In 1990, after our initial publication of the discovery of sTNFRs in the serum and low molecular weight ultrafiltrates of serum from a variety of cancer patients, others confirmed significant elevations of sTNFRs in cancer patients. This elevation was found to correlate with a poor prognosis. The biologic activity of proinflammatory cytokines as well as the suppressive role of their shed receptors is herein reviewed. Work with cancer patients using ultrapheresis to reduce these suppressive molecules by the authors and others is reviewed. Several recommendations are made for future directions.
Experimental study of thermal decay in high-density magnetic recording media (1997)

The thermal decay of written bits in CoCrPt/CrTi thin film media for high density longitudinal magnetic recording is examined using a magnetoresistive head at room temperature. A decay in signal output over time is observed for the media with a thin magnetic layer less than about 14 nm thick and the media noise increases. The thermal stability factor Ku.V/k.T of these media is estimated to be less than about 100. The signal decay and noise increase are more serious at higher linear recording densities. These results are consistent with the results of a micromagnetic simulation taking into account the thermal aftereffects. These characteristics suggest that media with a large magnetic anisotropy constant Ku will be required to realize high storage densities of over 10 Gb/in/sup 2/.
Extraction of Plant RNA (2007)

Optimal sampling procedures for sampling plant tissue for RNA extractions are outlined in this chapter. To extract RNA, kits supplied from biotechnology companies are appropriate, but some procedures will not work with particular plant tissues. Two alternative methods are supplied for troublesome material. Basic methods to check RNA quantity and, more particularly, RNA quality before use are supplied.
Inverse opal hydrogel‐collagen composite scaffolds as a supportive microenvironment for immune cell migration (2007)

Immunotherapies harness the inherent potential of the body to destroy foreign or infected cells, and are currently being investigated as treatments for cancer. One way to boost native immune responses might be to engineer ectopic lymphoid tissue, providing a supportive microenvironment for immune cell priming, and/or bringing together immune cells at a desired location (e.g., solid tumor sites). Here we describe the development and in vitro testing of composite macroporous poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel scaffolds infused with collagen as a tissue engineering platform for immunotherapy. The PEG hydrogel with ordered, interconnected pores provided mechanical stability and the potential to depot supporting cytokines/chemokines, while an infused collagen matrix supported intra-scaffold migration of loaded T cells and dendritic cells. Rapid, nearly unconstrained T cell migration through scaffolds was achieved by using inverse opal supporting structures with 80 microm macropores. In addition, we demonstrated that the lymphoid tissue chemokine CCL21 could be bound to the inverse opal gel walls of these scaffolds, to provide motility-inducing cues for T cells within these structures. This hybrid scaffold approach combines the strengths of the synthetic and biopolymer hydrogels used in a highly synergistic fashion, allowing each material to compensate for limiting properties of its partner.
PageRanking WordNet Synsets: An Application to Opinion Mining (2007)

This paper presents an application of PageRank, a random-walk model originally devised for ranking Web search results, to ranking WordNet synsets in terms of how strongly they possess a given semantic property. The semantic properties we use for exemplifying the approach are positivity and negativity, two properties of central importance in sentiment analysis. The idea derives from the observation that WordNet may be seen as a graph in which synsets are connected through the binary relation “a term belonging to synset sk occurs in the gloss of synset si”, and on the hypothesis that this relation may be viewed as a transmitter of such semantic properties. The data for this relation can be obtained from eXtended WordNet, a publicly available sensedisambiguated version of WordNet. We argue that this relation is structurally akin to the relation between hyperlinked Web pages, and thus lends itself to PageRank analysis. We report experimental results supporting our intuitions. 1
P53 mutations and loss of heterozygosity on chromosomes 8p, 16q, 17p, and 18q are confined to advanced prostate cancer. (1995)

We analysed 39 prostatic carcinomas for loss of heterozygosity on chromosomal arms 8p, 10q, 16q, 17p and 18q and for mutations in the p53 anti-oncogene. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on 8p was detected in one out of 5 informative tumors, LOH on 16q in 3 out of 21 tumors, LOH on 17p in 2 out of 18 tumors, and LOH on 18q in 2 out of 17 tumors. No deletions were observed on 10q in 14 informative tumors. p53 alterations occurred in 3 out of 38 examined tumors, comprising two point mutations and a small deletion. Chromosomal deletions and p53 mutations were confined to locally invasive prostatic carcinomas, suggesting that they are associated with the progression of some prostate cancers rather than with tumor initiation.
Subunit structure of islet-activating protein, pertussis toxin, in conformity with the A-B model (1982)

The subunit structure of islet-activating protein (IAP), pertussis toxin, has been analyzed to study a possibility that this protein is one of the A-B toxins [Gill, D. M. (1978) in Bacterial Toxins and Cell Membranes (Jeljaszewicz, J., & Wadstrom, T., Eds.) pp 291-332, Academic Press, New York]. Heating IAP with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate caused its dissociation into five dissimilar subunits named S-1 (with a molecular weight of 28 000), S-2 (23 000), S-3 (22 000), S-4 (11 700), and S-5 (9300), as revealed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; their molar ratio in the native IAP was 1:1:1:2:1. The molecular weight of IAP estimated by equilibrium ultracentrifugation was 117 000 which was not at variance with the value obtained by summing up molecular weights of the constituent subunits. The preparative separation of these IAP subunits was next undertaken; exposure of IAP to 5 M ice-cold urea for 4 days followed by column chromatography with carboxymethyl-Sepharose caused sharp separation of S-1 and S-5, leaving the other subunits as two dimers. These dimers were then dissociated into their constituent subunits, i.e., S-2 and S-4 for one dimer and S-3 and S-4 for the other, after 16-h exposure to 8 M urea; these subunits were obtained individually upon further chromatography on a diethylaminoethyl-Sepharose column. Subunits other than S-1 were adsorbed as a pentamer by a column using haptoglobin as an affinity adsorbent. The same pentamer was obtained by adding S-5 to the mixture of two dimers. Neither this pentamer nor other oligomers (or protomers) exhibited biological activity in vivo. Recombination of S-1 with the pentamer at the 1:1 molar ratio yielded a hexamer which was identical with the native IAP in electrophoretic mobility and biological activity to enhance glucose-induced insulin secretion when injected into rats. In the broken-cell preparation, S-1 was biologically as effective as the native IAP; both catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of a protein in membrane preparations from rat C6 glioma cells. In conclusion, IAP is an oligomeric protein consisting of an A (active) protomer (the biggest subunit) and a B (binding) oligomer which is produced by connecting two dimers by the smallest subunit in a noncovalent manner. Rationale for this terminology is discussed based on the A-B model.