gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies of in vitro activation and differentiation of human B lymphocytes. I. Phenotypic and functional characterization of the B cell population responding to anti-Ig antibody. (1985)

Investigation of the activation of splenic B cells by anti-immunoglobulin (Ig) antibody has enabled us to characterize the anti-Ig-responsive B cell and to analyze the phenotypic changes which accompany proliferation and differentiation. The anti-Ig antibody-responsive B cell population was characterized by the expression of high levels of the B2 antigen and represented approximately 40% of splenic B cells. Brisk mitogenesis which peaked at 3 to 4 days was induced by anti-Ig antibody. The proliferative phase was characterized phenotypically by a dramatic decline in B2 antigen expression, with most cells showing no detectable B2 by 4 days post-activation. The other hallmark of this phase was de novo expression of a group of "activation antigens." These included the B cell-restricted antigens B-LAST 1, BB1, and B5, and the T cell-associated interleukin 2 receptor and T12 antigens. Concomitantly, B1, B4, and Ia expression increased, the increase being roughly proportional to the increase in cell size. After day 4, the mitogenic response progressively diminished, while Ig synthesis increased. During this differentiation phase, cell surface antigens again displayed a distinct sequence of changes. The five activation antigens and the B1, B4, and Ia antigens began to decrease. However, two markers, T10 and PCA-1, which are found on plasmacytomas, appeared and their level of expression steadily increased. These changes and the appearance of morphologically identifiable plasma cells required the presence of T cells in this system. T cell supernatants alone induced Ig secretion but did not induce expression of PCA-1 or the appearance of cells with plasma cell morphology. The culture system developed in this study has allowed us to analyze the antigenic changes following activation by anti-Ig antibody. This sequence of changes has not only permitted the identification of antigens which, by their appearance at distinct stages may have an important role in proliferation and differentiation of B cells, but also provides us with the means of studying the function of each antigen.
RAR72 Expression Is Regulated through a Retinoic Acid Response Element Embedded in Sp1 Sites (1992)

At the level of transcription, all signals of the vitamin A derivative retinoic acid (RA) are mediated by the RA receptors (RARs) as well as the retinoid X receptors (RXRs). The control of expression of the various receptor subtypes and their specific isoforms appears to be strictly regulated and can be assumed to play a pivotal role during development and in the adult tissue. It has previously been shown that the RAR beta 2 isoform can regulate its own synthesis through an RA response element (RARE) in its promoter. Recent evidence suggests that the expression of other RAR isoforms, including that of RAR gamma 2, are also regulated by RA. We present evidence that expression of the RAR gamma 2 isoform can be regulated through the RARE in its own promoter region. Similar to the beta 2 RARE, the gamma 2 RARE consists of a 6-bp direct repeat with a 5-nucleotide spacer, but it has different functional features, including receptor specificity, basal-level activity, and affinity for RAR. In agreement with recent observations, this response element is bound most effectively by RAR/RXR heterodimers. Single-base-pair mutations had different effects on the activity of this RARE. The gamma 2 RARE is surrounded by several binding sites for the transcription factor Sp1. Cotransfected Sp1 enhanced strongly the activity of gamma 2 promoter reporter constructs in Drosophila cells. Our data suggest an important role for RAR-containing heterodimers and Sp1 in the regulation of RAR gamma 2 expression.
A family of erythrocyte binding proteins of malaria parasites. (1992)

Malaria erythrocyte binding proteins use the Duffy blood group antigen (Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi) and sialic acid (Plasmodium falciparum) on the erythrocyte surface as receptors. We had previously cloned the one P. vivax gene, the one P. falciparum gene, and part of one of the three P. knowlesi genes encoding these erythrocyte binding proteins and described the homology between the P. knowlesi and P. vivax genes. We have completed the cloning and sequencing of the three P. knowlesi genes and identified introns in the P. vivax and P. falciparum genes that correct the previously published deduced amino acid sequences. All have similar structures, with one or two exons encoding the signal sequence and the erythrocyte binding domain, an exon encoding the transmembrane domain, and two exons encoding the cytoplasmic domain with the exception of the P. knowlesi beta gene. The regions of amino acid sequence homology among all the genes are the 5' and 3' cysteine-rich regions of the erythrocyte binding domain. On the basis of gene structure and amino acid homology, we propose that the Duffy binding proteins and the sialic acid binding protein are members of a gene family. The level of conservation (approximately 70%) of the deduced amino acid sequences in the 5' cysteine-rich region between the P. vivax protein and the three P. knowlesi proteins is as great as between the three P. knowlesi proteins themselves; the P. knowlesi beta protein just 3' to this cysteine-rich region is homologous to the P. vivax protein but not to the other P. knowlesi proteins. Conservation of amino acid sequences among these organisms, separated in evolution, may indicate the regions where the adhesin function resides.
Physical Principles in the Construction of Regular Viruses (1962)

There are two key facts about viruses from which all consideration of their structure and functional organization must proceed. The first is that the essential infective agent of all viruses is a high molecular weight nucleic acid component— either deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA). Second, the nucleic acid molecule is contained in a protective package which serves to transmit this infectious agent in a functionally intact state through space and time to a susceptible host.
Targeting Tumor Cell-Platelet Interaction in Breast Cancer Metastasis (2003)

Oration| September 10 2003 Targeting Tumor Cell-Platelet Interaction in Breast Cancer Metastasis Subject Area: Cardiovascular System , Hematology , Pathology and Cell Biology Brunhilde Felding-Habermann Brunhilde Felding-Habermann The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, Calif., USA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Pathophysiology of Haemostasis and Thrombosis (2003) 33 (Suppl. 1): 56–58. https://doi.org/10.1159/000073295 Article history Published Online: September 10 2003 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Brunhilde Felding-Habermann; Targeting Tumor Cell-Platelet Interaction in Breast Cancer Metastasis. Pathophysiology of Haemostasis and Thrombosis 1 September 2003; 33 (Suppl. 1): 56–58. https://doi.org/10.1159/000073295 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsPathophysiology of Haemostasis and Thrombosis Search Advanced Search This content is only available via PDF. 2003Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
The Mode of Action of Heparan and Dermatan Sulfates in the Regulation of Hepatocyte Growth Factor/Scatter Factor (2002)

Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor, in addition to binding to its specific signal-transducing receptor, Met, also interacts with both heparan and dermatan sulfates with high affinity. We have investigated the comparative role of these two glycosaminoglycans in the activation of Met by hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor. Using glycosaminoglycan-deficient CHO pgsA-745 cells we have shown that growth factor activity is critically dependent upon glycosaminoglycans, and that heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate are equally potent as co-receptors. Cross-linked 1:1 conjugates of growth factor and either heparan or dermatan sulfate do not dimerize under physiological conditions and are biologically active. This implies that a ternary signaling complex with Met forms in vivo. Native Met isolated from CHO pgsA-745 cells shows only very weak intrinsic affinity for heparin in vitro. Also, a heparin-derived hexasaccharide, which is the minimal size for high affinity binding to the growth factor alone, is sufficient to induce biological activity. Together these observations imply that the role of these glycosaminoglycan may be primarily to effect a conformational change in hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor, rather than to induce a necessary growth factor dimerization, or to stabilize a ternary complex by additionally interacting with Met.
Factors Associated Cesarean with Hemorrhage in Deliveries (1991)

Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Laboratory Medicine, Medicine, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
Anionic polymerization of oxirane in the presence of the polyiminophosphazene base t‐Bu‐P4 (1996)

Abstract The use of the polyiminophosphazene base t ‐Bu‐P 4 (1) for the anionic polymerization of ethylene oxide is described. Polymerization initiated by a monoalkoxide of the protonated base leads to well‐defined poly(ethylene oxide)s with low polydispersity ( M w / M n ≈ 1.1). Furthermore, graft copolymers of poly[ethylene‐ co ‐(vinyl alcohol)] (PEVA) with poly(ethylene oxide) and a star macromolecule were synthesized from multifunctional polyalkoxides in high yields.
Biomimetic Apatite-coated PCL Scaffolds: Effect of Surface Nanotopography on Cellular Functions (2009)

In this study, polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds, consisting of agglomerated microspheres with nanotopographic surface structures, were fabricated by the freeze-drying method. These scaffolds were coated with bone-like apatite by using a calcium phosphate solution similar to saturated simulated body fluid (10× SBF-like) in two different immersion periods (6 and 24 h). Scanning electron microscopic views of the 6-h treatment in 10× SBF-like solution showed formation of calcium phosphate nucleation sites on the PCL scaffolds, while the apatite particles formed characteristic cauliflower-like morphology after 24 h. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) data showed that the mineral phase was made of hydroxyapatite (HA). The osteogenic activity of untreated and SBF-treated PCL scaffolds was examined by pre-osteoblastic MC3T3 cell culture studies. Cells had attached and spread on both the PCL scaffolds and the 6-h SBF immersion-treated scaffolds.
Biotechnological Tools for Garlic Propagation and Improvement (2012)

Biotechnological Tools for Garlic Propagation and Improvement 33 that hydrolyzes the sulphur compounds in garlic, is 10 times higher in bulbs than in leaves (Rabinkov et al., 1994) Apart from its use for food flavoring, garlic also has medicinal uses for the relief of various ailments such as those caused by aging, arthritis, cancer, artheroesclerosis, immune deficiencies, blood glucose level, respiratory diseases, etc. Likewise, it has been observed that garlic has antioxidant properties, it reduces blood cholesterol and triglycerides levels, lowers blood pressure and the possibility of blood clot formation and improves arterial oxygenation Garlic's effect on reduction of lipids has been most extensively studied. The properties mentioned above are directly related to the sulphur compounds found in the garlic bulb. Alliin is also attributed the antibiotic effect on microorganisms such as Helicobacter pylori (bacterium which is associated with stomach cancer), Salmonella typhi, yeasts, Trypanosoma and Staphylococcus epidermis. Its inhibitory effect has also been observed on pathogenic fungi (Aspergillus, Cryptoccocus neoformis, dermatophytes)
Three-dimensional graphene framework with ultra-high sulfur content for a robust lithium–sulfur battery (2016)

Lithium–sulfur batteries can deliver significantly higher specific capacity than standard lithium ion batteries, and represent the next generation of energy storage devices for both electric vehicles and mobile devices. However, the lithium–sulfur technology today is plagued with numerous challenges, including poor sulfur conductivity, large volumetric expansion, severe polysulfide shuttling and low sulfur utilization, which prevent its wide-spread adoption in the energy storage industry. Here we report a freestanding three-dimensional (3D) graphene framework for highly efficient loading of sulfur particles and creating a high capacity sulfur cathode. Using a one-pot synthesis method, we show a mechanically robust graphene–sulfur composite can be prepared with the highest sulfur weight content (90% sulfur) reported to date, and can be directly used as the sulfur cathode without additional binders or conductive additives. The graphene–sulfur composite features a highly interconnected graphene network ensuring excellent conductivity and a 3D porous structure allowing efficient ion transport and accommodating large volume expansion. Additionally, the 3D graphene framework can also function as an effective encapsulation layer to retard the polysulfide shuttling effect, thus enabling a highly robust sulfur cathode. Electrochemical studies show that such composite can deliver a highest capacity of 96 mAh·g–1, a record high number achieved for all sulfur cathodes reported to date when normalized by the total mass of the entire electrode. Our studies demonstrate that the 3D graphene framework represents an attractive scaffold material for a high performance lithium sulfur battery cathode, and could enable exciting opportunities for ultra-high capacity energy storage applications.
Clinical experience with allograft implantation. The first ten years. (1983)

Since 1971 the Orthopaedic Oncology Service at the Massachusetts General Hospital has performed 150 resections and allograft implantations for the management of mostly tumorous bone conditions. The procedures used cadaveric segments harvested from donors and stored at -80 degrees after exposure of the cartilage to 10% glycerol as a cryopreservative. Following resection of the tumor, the selected part was implanted and held with plates and screws or intramedullary rods, and the patients were observed closely for alterations suggestive of "rejection" (none was seen), presence of recurrences or metastases, functional status of the part, and relationship of complications to outcome. Of 91 patients followed up for two or more years, the grafts performed acceptably (excellent or good functional result) in 70% or more. The results were better in patients with low-grade tumors or benign conditions and in resections and transplantations that did not involve a joint. Complications were a major factor in determining outcome. In patients with skin sloughs (9 patients), infection (13.2%), and, to a lesser extent, allograft fracture (16.5%), the prognosis for retention of the graft and functional restoration was compromised, but nonunion or delayed union (11%) had little effect on end results. The program remains somewhat experimental, in that continued research is required to improve the predictability of bony revascularization and the viability of articular cartilage, and to avoid the problems associated with infection and fracture.
Electron-Transfer Reaction of Oxygen Species on TiO2Nanoparticles Induced by Sub-band-gap Illumination (2009)

Molecular oxygen species formed on the surface of partially reduced TiO2 (rutile) nanoparticles have been studied by in situ electron spin resonance (ESR) and diffuse-reflectance spectroscopies. ESR signals due to O2− (gz = 2.020) and Ti3+ appeared upon visible-light illumination at 77 K and vanished by raising the temperature in the dark. The numbers of O2− and Ti3+ radicals formed by sub-band-gap illumination were equal, suggesting a reversible electron transfer between peroxo O22− species and the adjacent Ti4+ ion at an oxygen vacancy site on the TiO2 surface: Ti4+···O22−···Ti4+ → Ti3+ + O2−···Ti4+ (forward reaction). The ESR intensity was saturated by a prolonged illumination and a surface coverage of O2 molecules adsorbed at the oxygen vacancy site was evaluated as 1.3 × 1013 sites cm−2. The spectral response for the generation rate of O2− exhibited a broad peak at around 480 nm, in agreement with the absorption band observed by the diffuse-reflectance measurements. It was concluded that F-type color centers generated in subsurface layers of TiO2 absorb the visible light to induce indirectly the electron-transfer reaction from O22− to Ti4+ at the surface oxygen vacancy site.
The 20-Kilodalton (kDa) Human Growth Hormone (hGH) Differs from the 22-kDa hGH in the Effect on the Human Prolactin Receptor (1999)

Previously we have demonstrated that 20-kDa human GH (20K-hGH) is a full agonist for hGH receptor (hGHR) even though its complex formation with hGHR and hGH-binding protein differs from that of 22-kDa human GH (22K-hGH). In this study, we focused on the effect of 20K-hGH on human PRL receptor (hPRLR). To elucidate the effects of 20K-hGH on hPRLR and compare them with those of 22K-hGH, we prepared two cells stably expressing full-length hPRLR, Ba/F3-hPRLR and CHO-hPRLR. In the proliferation of Ba/F3-hPRLR cells, which can grow in a dose-response to lactogenic hormones, both 20K- and 22K-hGH exhibited bell-shaped curves in the absence of exogenous zinc ion (Zn2+); however, the curve of 20K-hGH was shifted to a 10-fold higher concentration than that of 22K-hGH in view of EC50 value (the EC50 of 20K- and 22K-hGH were 15 nM and 1.5 nM, respectively). Addition of Zn2+ up to 25 microM increased the activities of both 20K- and 22K-hGH; however, the enhancement by Zn2+ was greater in 20K-hGH than in 22K-hGH, thereby the activities of both hGH isoforms reached the same level at 25 microM Zn2+. Nevertheless, in the presence of 0.25-1 microM free Zn2+, which is equal in human serum, the activity of 20K-hGH was still lower than that of 22K-hGH. The modest effect of 20K-hGH on activating hPRLR in the absence of Zn2+ was confirmed in the rat serine protease inhibitor 2.1 (Spi2.1) gene promoter activation and JAK2/Stat5 tyrosine phosphorylation in CHO-hPRLR. In addition, in human breast cancer cell T-47D, 20K-hGH was proved to stimulate Stat5 tyrosine phosphorylation to much lower degree than 22K-hGH via not hGHR but hPRLR. Taken together, our data suggest that 20K-hGH may be a weaker agonist for hPRLR than 22K-hGH in the human body; therefore 20K-hGH may alleviate the hPRLR-mediated side-effects such as breast cancer when administered to human body.
Scaling of myocardial mass to flow and morphometry of coronary arteries (2008)

There is no doubt that scaling relations exist between myocardial mass and morphometry of coronary vasculature. The purpose of this study is to quantify several morphological (diameter, length, and volume) and functional (flow) parameters of the coronary arterial tree in relation to myocardial mass. Eight normal porcine hearts of 117-244 g (mean of 177.5 +/- 32.7) were used in this study. Various coronary subtrees of the left anterior descending, right coronary, and left circumflex arteries were perfused at pressure of 100 mmHg with different colors of a polymer (Microfil) to obtain rubber casts of arterial trees corresponding to different regions of myocardial mass. Volume, diameter, and cumulative length of coronary arteries were reconstructed from casts to analyze their relationship to the perfused myocardial mass. Volumetric flow was measured in relationship with perfused myocardial mass. Our results show that arterial volume is linearly related to regional myocardial mass, whereas the sum of coronary arterial branch lengths, vessel diameters, and volumetric flow show an approximately 3/4, 3/8, and 3/4 power-law relationship, respectively, in relation to myocardial mass. These scaling laws suggest fundamental design principles underlying the structure-function relationship of the coronary arterial tree that may facilitate diagnosis and management of diffuse coronary artery disease.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Multiple Novel Thrombospondin Genes May Be Associated With Familial Premature Myocardial Infarction (2001)

This large-scale genetic study has identified the potential of multiple novel variants in the thrombospondin gene family to be associated with familial premature myocardial infarction. Notwithstanding multiple caveats, thrombospondins specifically and high-throughput genomic technology in general deserve further study in familial ischemic heart disease.