gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solution Structures of 5-Fluorouracil-Substituted RNA Duplexes Containing G-U Wobble Base Pairs (1997)

The structures and stabilities of three RNA duplexes that differed only in the position of 5-fluorouridine (FUrd) substitution were elucidated using NMR spectroscopy and UV hyperchromicity studies to determine if FUrd substitution altered the structure or stability of RNA duplexes that contained G-U base pairs. The duplexes investigated corresponded to the region of the U4-U6 snRNA complex that contained the 5' terminus of U4 snRNA. The control duplex contained a G-U wobble base pair and also a G-A mismatched base pair. FUrd was substituted in one duplex at the G-U wobble base pair and in the second duplex at an A-U base pair adjacent to the wobble base pair. FUrd substitution slightly destabilized the duplex that contained a G-FU base pair but stabilized the duplex that contained an A-FU base pair. NOESY spectra were used to determine interproton distances, and these distance constraints were used in a restrained molecular dynamics protocol to determine the three-dimensional structures of these RNA duplexes. Analyses of helical parameters, backbone torsion angles, and rms deviations between the final structures revealed no systematic differences due to FUrd substitution in RNA duplexes that contained G-U base pairs. The G-FU base pair adopted wobble geometry, while the G-A mismatch formed a sheared base pair. NOESY spectra in H2O solution revealed the imino 1H from FUrd exchanged more rapidly with solvent than did the Urd imino 1H but did not show the G-FU base pair adopted an ionized structure. Reduced stacking occurred for the G-FU base pair relative to the G-U base pair in the time-averaged structure, and this, rather than ionization of the base pair, was responsible for the slight destabilization of the duplex that contained the G-FU base pair.
A magnetically-nozzled, quasi-steady, multimegawatt, coaxial plasma thruster (1994)

The Los Alamos National Laboratory Coaxial Thruster Experiment (CTX) has been upgraded to enable 10 ms quasi-steady-state (QSS) operation of magnetohydrodynamic type thrusters at power levels from 1 to 40 MW. Here we report on experimental observations and associated analysis for QSS discharges using deuterium, helium, and argon propellants. Measurements of thruster current and voltage, magnetic field fluctuations, electron density and temperature, and plasma potential indicate true quasi-steady operation over 10 ms with propellant exhaust velocities of 1-2/spl times/10/sup 5/ m/s in helium and deuterium. The application of unique applied magnetic nozzle configurations result in a substantial reduction of the measured anode fall potential. Data analysis and analytical MHD modeling imply an impulsive start in the propellant flow that is limited to the Alfven critical ionization velocity and the presence of an effective constriction or "nozzling" in the how channel. This research indicates that efficiency optimization of MHD class thrusters will most likely occur at megawatt power levels. This implies repetitively pulsed, high-power operation for near term, low-mean-power solar electric propulsion missions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
AREA OF PERIPHERAL RETINAL NONPERFUSION AND TREATMENT RESPONSE IN BRANCH AND CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION (2014)

The area of peripheral retinal nonperfusion is variable in patients with retinal vein occlusion and affects its clinical course and response to treatment.
The role of psychological factors in cancer incidence and prognosis. (1995)

The relationships between psychological variables and the presence of cancer, its prediction, and the prediction of cancer mortality and course of disease have been studied extensively. From a limited list of about 50 such variables, the following have been the focus of the most intensive research and are discussed in this report: human and animal stress; bereavement; depressed mood; psychosis, especially schizophrenia; suppression of emotions, especially anger; helplessness and hopelessness; social support; and psychotherapeutic intervention. For all of these variables, studies have shown both positive relationships and absence of relationships. The evidence against any such relationship is strongest for human stress, depressed mood, psychosis, and bereavement. Studies of animal stress show that it stimulates the development of cancers of viral origin and exacerbates their growth, while inhibiting the development and progression of chemically induced cancers. For the other factors, the literature remains contradictory.
Thresholdless antiferroelectricity in liquid crystals and its application to displays (1996)

By diminishing the energy barrier between SCA* and SC*, antiferroelectricity has become thresholdless in a three-component mixture. It shows V-shaped switching, realizing attractive display characteristics: extremely wide viewing angle with very large contrast ratio, high speed response and ideal analogue grey scale with no hysteresis. A simplified model of the phase with this property is presented.
Exact image theory for the Sommerfeld half-space problem, part III: General formulation (1984)

The general Sommerfeld problem with both <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\epsilon</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\mu</tex> discontinuous and a source consisting of arbitrarily oriented electric and/or magnetic dipoles at the same location is considered in terms of image theory. The problem is formulated with electric and magnetic fields instead of potential quantities resulting in a vector transmission-line interpretation of the Fourier transformed problem. The image sources are seen to be located in complex space expressable in terms of a certain basic image current function, which was encountered in part II of this paper on the vertical electric dipole problem. The horizontal electric/magnetic dipole image is solved and found to consist of both vertical and horizontal current components. The image concept is generalized to the most general three-dimensional sources. As a check, the well-known reflection coefficient method is obtained as the far-field approximation of the present theory.
Using coreference for question answering (1999)

We present a system which retrieves answers to queries based on coreference relationships between entities and events in the query and documents. An evaluation of this system is given which demonstrates that the the amount of information that the user must process on average, to find an answer to their query, is reduced by an order of magnitude.
Efficacy and Safety of an Opiate Sigma-Receptor Antagonist (SL 82.0715) in Schizophrenic Patients with Negative Symptoms: an Open Dose-Range Study (1996)

The psychotomimetic effects of opiate agonists/antagonists led to the hypothesis that opiate sigma receptors could be involved in the etiology of schizophrenia. This assumption is supported by animal trials with selective sigma-receptor antagonists. SL 82.0715 is a substance with a highly selective affinity for sigma receptors. To clarify the question whether it improves negative symptoms of schizophrenia, ten chronic schizophrenic patients with a predominant negative symptomatology were examined and treated with increasing doses (2.5 - 10.0 mg/d). Psychopathology was evaluated weekly using the PANSS, BPRS, and CGI, side-effects were assessed by the HAS and the S/A scale. Four patients showed improvement of negative symptoms (two slight, two marked improvement), two patients deteriorated as regards the positive symptomatology, psychopathology in the other patients did not change. The tolerability of SL 82.0715 was very good, no extrapyramidal side-effects occurred. To further evaluate the therapeutic efficacy, open studies with a larger number of patients and/or double-blind studies are necessary.
Chronic overexpression of membrane‐bound flt3 ligand by T lymphocytes in severe aplastic anaemia (2000)

Aplastic anaemia (AA) is an immune-mediated bone marrow failure associated with high serum levels of flt3 ligand (FL). We examined expression of the membrane-bound isoform of FL in peripheral blood and bone marrow cells from AA patients at diagnosis (n = 16) and after immunosuppressive (IS) treatment (n = 36). Flow cytometry demonstrated strongly increased FL levels on the cell surface of T lymphocytes in AA relative to normal controls (P < 0.0001). T-cell-specific expression of membrane-bound FL was confirmed by confocal microscopy. FL mRNA and total cellular FL protein levels were increased about threefold. Overexpression of FL in AA was observed for up to 20 years after IS treatment. FL levels correlated inversely with CD34+ cell numbers and the colony-forming ability of AA bone marrow (R = -0.68 and -0.85 respectively). Histological examination of spleen specimens and bone marrow biopsies gave no evidence of degeneration or fibrosis due to prolonged exposure to high FL. Levels of membrane-bound FL were not increased in autoimmune diseases (n = 23), including rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus, nor in graft-versus-host disease (n = 8). Chronic overexpression of FL on the surface of T lymphocytes in AA, but not in other T-cell-mediated disorders, suggests that membrane-bound FL plays a role in cell-cell interactions in bone marrow failure and may be important for long-term haemopoietic recovery.
Identification of Amino Acids in the Glutamate Receptor, GluR3, Important for Antibody-binding and Receptor-specific Activation (1997)

We reported (Twyman, R. E., Gahring, L. C., Speiss, J., and Rogers, S. W. (1995) Neuron 14, 755-762) that antibodies to a subregion of the glutamate receptor (GluR) subunit GluR3 termed GluR3B (amino acids 372-395), act as highly specific GluR agonists. In this study we produced additional rabbit anti-GluR3B-specific antibodies, ranked them according to their ability to function as GluR agonists and characterized the immunoreactivity using deletion and alanine substitution mutagenesis. These anti-GluR3B antibodies bound to a subset of the residues in GluR3B (amino acids 372-386), of which glutamate 375, valine 378, proline 379, and phenylalanine (Phe) 380 were preferred. The level of GluR activation correlated with the binding of antibody to Phe-380, which suggests that immunoreactivity directed toward Phe-380 is an index for the anti-GluR agonist potential. Since the identity of this residue varies between respective GluR subunits, this suggested that this residue may be important for imparting antibody subunit specificity. To test this possibility, the alanine in GluR1 was converted to a phenylalanine, which extended the subunit specificity from GluR3 to the modified GluR1. We conclude that antibody contacts with key residues in the GluR3B region define a novel GluR subunit-specific agonist binding site and impart subunit-specific immunoreactivity.
Effect of a High-Fiber Diet Compared With a Moderate-Fiber Diet on Calcium and Other Mineral Balances in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (2009)

A high-fiber diet rich in soluble fiber has a small impact on calcium and phosphorus balance in subjects with type 2 diabetes. It may be prudent to ensure adequate intake of calcium and other minerals in individuals consuming a high-fiber diet.
Classical swine fever virus: independent induction of protective immunity by two structural glycoproteins (1995)

To study which proteins of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) are able to confer protective immunity in swine, N-terminal autoprotease, viral core protein, and the three structural glycoproteins were expressed via vaccinia virus recombinants (VVR). CSFV proteins synthesized in cells infected with VVR showed migration characteristics on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels identical to those of their respective CSFV counterparts. Apparently authentic dimerization of the recombinant glycoproteins was observed. The glycoproteins E0 and E2 were detected on the surfaces of VVR-infected cells. In protection experiments, swine were immunized with the different VVR, and the generation of humoral immune response was monitored. Only animals vaccinated with VVR expressing E0 and/or E2 resisted a lethal challenge infection with CSFV. Glycoprotein E0 represents a second determinant for the induction of protective immunity against classical swine fever.
Novel AlGaN/GaN dual-field-plate FET with high gain, increased linearity and stability (2006)

We have successfully developed a novel AlGaN/GaN FET with dual field-modulating-plates (FPs). The breakdown voltage is enhanced from 125 to 250 V by adding the second FP to the conventional FP structure. Benefiting from the first FP, no current collapse is observed simultaneously. Since the second FP effectively reduces feedback capacitance, this device provides a 3-dB higher gain along with increased linearity and stability. Under a 2.15-GHz W-CDMA modulation scheme, a dual-FP-FET with a 24-mm gate periphery achieved a state-of-the-art combination of 160-W output power and a 17.5-dB linear gain
Magnetic behavior of icosahedral Csub60 (1987)

We have identified a contribution to the ring current magnetic susceptibility of icosahedral ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ which diverges paramagnetically as the relative strengths of the two inequivalent bonds of this molecule are varied. This divergence is invoked to explain the near cancellation of the diamagnetism generally expected of aromatic hydrocarbons.
Nucleobase recognition at alkaline pH and apparent pKaof single DNA bases immobilised within a biological nanopore (2011)

The four DNA bases are recognized in immobilized DNA strands at high alkaline pH by nanopore current recordings. Ionic currents through the biological nanopores are also employed to measure the apparent pK(a) values of single nucleobases within the immobilised DNA strands.
Combining Human and Rat Sequences in Her-2 DNA Vaccines Blunts Immune Tolerance and Drives Antitumor Immunity (2010)

Immune tolerance to tumor-associated self-antigens poses a major challenge in the ability to mount an effective cancer vaccine response. To overcome immune tolerance to HER-2, we formulated DNA vaccines that express both human HER-2 and heterologous rat Neu sequences in separate plasmids or as single hybrid constructs that encode HER-2/Neu fusion proteins. Candidate vaccines were tested in Her-2 transgenic (Tg) mice of BALB/c (BALB), BALB/cxC57BL/6 F1 (F1), or C57BL/6 (B6) background, which exhibit decreasing immune responsiveness to HER-2. Analysis of various cocktails or hybrid vaccines defined a requirement for particular combination of HER/2/Neu sequences to effectively prime immune effector cells in HER-2 Tg mice. In B6 HER-2 Tg mice, rejection of HER-2-positive tumors protected mice from HER-2-negative tumors, providing evidence of epitope spreading. Our findings show that a strategy of combining heterologous antigen with self-antigens could produce a potent DNA vaccine that may be applicable to other tumor-associated antigens.
PMN-PT single crystal, high-frequency ultrasonic needle transducers for pulsed-wave Doppler application (2007)

High-frequency needle ultrasound transducers with an aperture size of 0.4 mm were fabricated using lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-33% PT) as the active piezoelectric material. The active element was bonded to a conductive silver particle matching layer and a conductive epoxy backing through direct contact curing. An outer matching layer of parylene was formed by vapor deposition. The active element was housed within a polyimide tube and a 20-gauge needle housing. The magnitude and phase of the electrical impedance of the transducer were 47 omega and -38 degrees, respectively. The measured center frequency and -6 dB fractional bandwidth of the PMN-PT needle transducer were 44 MHz and 45%, respectively. The two-way insertion loss was approximately 15 dB. In vivo high-frequency, pulsed-wave Doppler patterns of blood flow in the posterior portion and in vitro ultrasonic backscatter microscope (UBM) images of the rabbit eye were obtained with the 44-MHz needle transducer.
A field test on the contribution of water-retentive ceramic tile to the reduction of environment heat accumulation (1999)

It was pointed out that a prefabricated classroom building for school children which had been constructed before summer turned out to create a very hot environment in summer. The galvanized sheet iron roof of the building was covered with a water-retentive ceramic tile and water was sprayed on the tile in an attempt to cool the classroom by evaporative cooling. Because of evaporating cooling, the surface temperature of the wetted covering tile was 15 °C lower than that of the original roof under similar meteorological conditions, and the room temperature was lowered by 2 to 3 °C
Polyfluoroalkyl derivatives of nitrogen. Part 44. The reactions of N-bromobis(trifluoromethyl)amine with open-chain 1,3-dienes and cyclohexene under ionic conditions (1980)

The reactions of N-bromobis(trifluoromethyl)amine with buta-1,3-diene, 2-methylbuta-1,3-diene, and 2,3-dimethylbuta-1,3-diene give relatively high yields of mixtures of the 1,2- and 1,4-adducts (CF3)2NCR1(CH2Br)CR2CH2 and CH2BrCR1CR2CH2N(CF3)2 in the ratios 75 : 25 (R1= R2= H), 47 : 53 (R1= Me, R2= H), and 11 : 89 (R1= R2= Me); the buta-1,3-diene reaction carried out in diethyl ether and methylene chloride gives the adducts in the ratio 16 : 84 and 59 : 41, respectively. With 2-methylbuta-1,3-diene the adducts (CF3)2NCH(CH2Br)CMeCH2 and CH2BrCHCMeCH2N(CF3)2 are also formed (8%) in the ratio 44 : 56. The buts-1,3-diene 1,2- and 1,4-adducts dehydrobrominate readily (KOH) to afford 2- and 1-bis(trifluoromethyl)aminobuta-1,3-diene, respectively. The 1,2-adduct is stable at 220 °C, but the 1,4-adduct at this temperature slowly forms a mixture of rearranged products; on prolonged heating the major product is 3-bromobis(trifluoromethyl)but-1-enylamine. Addition of the N-bromoamine to cyclohexene at low temperature in the dark gives the trans-diequatorial adduct (86%) which is resistant to dehydrobromination under a variety of conditions.
Role ofPLB1in Pulmonary Inflammation and Cryptococcal Eicosanoid Production (2003)

Cryptococcal phospholipase (PLB1) is a secreted enzyme with lysophospholipase hydrolase and lysophospholipase transacylase activities. To investigate the role of PLB1 in the evasion of host immune responses, we characterized pulmonary immune responses to the parental (H99), the plb1 mutant, and the plb1(rec) reconstituted mutant strains of Cryptococcus neoformans in mice. PLB1 was required for virulence during infection acquired via the respiratory tract. Mice infected with either H99 or the plb1(rec) strain generated a nonprotective inflammatory response with subsequent eosinophilia, while mice infected with the plb1 mutant generated a protective immune response that controlled the infection. Because PLB1 is believed to facilitate virulence through host cell lysis, we examined the interaction of these strains with macrophages. The plb1(rec) mutant exhibited decreased survival during coculture with macrophages. One factor which may be involved in the survival of yeast in the presence of macrophages is fungal eicosanoid production. Host eicosanoids have been shown to down-modulate macrophage functions. plb1 exhibited a defect in eicosanoid production derived from exogenous arachidonoyl-phosphatidylcholine, suggesting that PLB1 is required for the release of arachidonic acid from phospholipids. These data suggest that cryptococcal PLB1 may act as a virulence factor by enhancing the ability to survive macrophage antifungal defenses, possibly by facilitating fungal eicosanoid production.
Template-directed synthesis of (.+-.)-allosamizoline and its 3,4-epimers (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTemplate-directed synthesis of (.+-.)-allosamizoline and its 3,4-epimersBarry M. Trost and David L. Van VrankenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 3, 1261–1263Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00159a065https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00159a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views470Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Effect of lens aberration on oblique-illumination stepper system (1993)

In this paper, detailed simulation and some experimental studies on stepper lens aberration effect in the case of oblique illumination source are presented. The results are compared to that of conventional illumination source. Due to the unique feature of oblique illumination source imaging, i.e., imaging by using only zero and first diffraction order light, both stepper resolution limit and depth of focus (DOF) are extended. As a result, the effect of lens aberration in resist printing are also different from that of conventional illumination source. Unlike the conventional illumination source, the net effect of stepper lens aberration in resist printing depends not only on both the amount and type of the lens aberration, but also on the mask feature pattern. In the case of lens distortion, unlike the other types of lens aberration, the oblique illumination source does not show any improvement as compared to that of conventional illumination source. It does not show pattern dependent distortion either. In the experiment, an effect of a stepper lens aberration in resist printing for both conventional illumination and quadrapole illumination sources (mostly astigmatism) were measured. The results were in agreement with our simulation results.