gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental and numerical research of lift force produced by Coanda effect (2013)

The paper presents research results of aerodynamics of Coandă airfoil, that is a key element of drones with jet propulsion. The Coandă propulsion allows drones to monitor quickly the large areas in emergencies: forest fires, earthquakes, meteor attacks and so on. The aim of this work consists in establishment of geometric and aerodynamic parameters at which, the lift force produced by Coandă airfoil is maximal.
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase specific, cytotoxic T cells as immune regulators (2010)

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an immunoregulatory enzyme that is implicated in suppressing T-cell immunity in normal and pathologic settings. Here, we describe that spontaneous cytotoxic T-cell reactivity against IDO exists not only in patients with cancer but also in healthy persons. We show that the presence of such IDO-specific CD8(+) T cells boosted T-cell immunity against viral or tumor-associated antigens by eliminating IDO(+) suppressive cells. This had profound effects on the balance between interleukin-17 (IL-17)-producing CD4(+) T cells and regulatory T cells. Furthermore, this caused an increase in the production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α while decreasing the IL-10 production. Finally, the addition of IDO-inducing agents (ie, the TLR9 ligand cytosine-phosphate-guanosine, soluble cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4, or interferon γ) induced IDO-specific T cells among peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with cancer as well as healthy donors. In the clinical setting, IDO may serve as an important and widely applicable target for immunotherapeutic strategies in which IDO plays a significant regulatory role. We describe for the first time effector T cells with a general regulatory function that may play a vital role for the mounting or maintaining of an effective adaptive immune response. We suggest terming such effector T cells "supporter T cells."
Stretchable, Wireless Sensors and Functional Substrates for Epidermal Characterization of Sweat (2014)

This paper introduces materials and architectures for ultrathin, stretchable wireless sensors that mount on functional elastomeric substrates for epidermal analysis of biofluids. Measurement of the volume and chemical properties of sweat via dielectric detection and colorimetry demonstrates some capabilities. Here, inductively coupled sensors consisting of LC resonators with capacitive electrodes show systematic responses to sweat collected in microporous substrates. Interrogation occurs through external coils placed in physical proximity to the devices. The substrates allow spontaneous sweat collection through capillary forces, without the need for complex microfluidic handling systems. Furthermore, colorimetric measurement modes are possible in the same system by introducing indicator compounds into the depths of the substrates, for sensing specific components (OH(-) , H(+) , Cu(+) , and Fe(2+) ) in the sweat. The complete devices offer Young's moduli that are similar to skin, thus allowing highly effective and reliable skin integration without external fixtures. Experimental results demonstrate volumetric measurement of sweat with an accuracy of 0.06 μL/mm(2) with good stability and low drift. Colorimetric responses to pH and concentrations of various ions provide capabilities relevant to analysis of sweat. Similar materials and device designs can be used in monitoring other body fluids.
Ni-Au surface finish effects on RF performance (2003)

We present a simplified analysis of the Nickel-Gold surface finish effects on microstrip conductive losses for boards with different Ni thickness and Ni/Au finish chemistries. Otherwise identical test structures were fabricated with various Ni/Au finishes and different thicknesses. The conductive loss has been extracted from Q measurements on series microstrip resonators. A theoretical model for conductor loss of a two metal layer system has also been proposed. The theoretical approach has been supported with measurement results. For a specific frequency, conductive loss shows an S-curve behavior with Ni thickness.
Attention-Based Extraction of Structured Information from Street View Imagery (2017)

We present a neural network model — based on Convolutional Neural Networks, Recurrent Neural Networks and a novel attention mechanism — which achieves 84.2% accuracy on the challenging French Street Name Signs (FSNS) dataset, significantly outperforming the previous state of the art (Smith'16), which achieved 72.46%. Furthermore, our new method is much simpler and more general than the previous approach. To demonstrate the generality of our model, we show that it also performs well on an even more challenging dataset derived from Google Street View, in which the goal is to extract business names from store fronts. Finally, we study the speed/accuracy tradeoff that results from using CNN feature extractors of different depths. Surprisingly, we find that deeper is not always better (in terms of accuracy, as well as speed). Our resulting model is simple, accurate and fast, allowing it to be used at scale on a variety of challenging real-world text extraction problems.
Human 72-kilodalton type IV collagenase forms a complex with a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases designated TIMP-2. (1989)

Simian virus 40 (SV40)-transformed human lung fibroblasts secrete both 72-kDa type IV collagenase and a closely related 92-kDa type IV collagenase that was not detected in the parental cell line. The 92-kDa type IV procollagenase purified from these cells exists in a noncovalent complex with the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases, TIMP. Here we report that the 72-kDa type IV procollagenase purified from HRAS-transformed human bronchial epithelial cells, SV40-transformed lung fibroblasts, and normal skin fibroblasts exists in a stable but noncovalent stoichiometric complex with a 24-kDa inhibitor referred to here as "TIMP-2." TIMP-2 is closely related to TIMP, as demonstrated by comparison of the partial amino acid sequence of this protein to that of TIMP, although it does not cross-react with TIMP-specific antibody. The TIMP-2 inhibitor interacts with the 72-kDa type IV collagenase in preference to the 92-kDa type IV collagenase that forms a complex exclusively with TIMP. The 72-kDa type IV collagenase-TIMP-2 complex can be activated with organomercurials to yield a catalytically competent enzyme. Activation occurs concomitantly with autoproteolytic cleavage of the amino terminus of the protein and does not require dissociation of the complex. Both activity and activation of the complex can be completely inhibited by further addition of stoichiometric quantities of purified TIMP-2 or recombinant TIMP.
Clonal Population of Adult Stem Cells: Life Span and Differentiation Potential (2004)

Adult stem cells derived from bone marrow, connective tissue, and solid organs can exhibit a range of differentiation potentials. Some controversy exists regarding the classification of mesenchymal stem cells as bona fide stem cells, which is in part derived from the limited ability to propagate true clonal populations of precursor cells. We isolated putative mesenchymal stem cells from the connective tissue of an adult rat (rMSC), and generated clonal populations via three rounds of dilutional cloning. The replicative potential of the clonal rMSC line far exceeded Hayflick's limit of 50-70 population doublings. The high capacity for self-renewal in vitro correlated with telomerase activity, as demonstrated by telomerase repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay. Exposure to nonspecific differentiation culture medium revealed multilineage differentiation potential of rMSC clones. Immunostaining confirmed the appearance of mesodermal phenotypes, including adipocytes possessing lipid-rich vacuoles, chondrocytes depositing pericellular type II collagen, and skeletal myoblasts expressing MyoD1. Importantly, the spectrum of differentiation capability was sustained through repeated passaging. Furthermore, serum-free conditions that led to high-efficiency smooth muscle differentiation were identified. rMSCs plated on collagen IV-coated surfaces and exposed to transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) differentiated into a homogeneous population expressing alpha-actin and calponin. Hence, clonogenic analysis confirmed the presence of a putative MSC population derived from the connective tissue of rat skeletal muscle. The ability to differentiate into a smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype, combined with a high proliferative capacity, make such a connective tissue-derived MSC population ideal for applications in vascular tissue construction.
Antitumor Activity of Entrectinib, a Pan-TRK, ROS1, and ALK Inhibitor, in ETV6-NTRK3 –Positive Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2017)

Activation of tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) family tyrosine kinases by chromosomal rearrangement has been shown to drive a wide range of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. TRK fusions are actionable targets as evidenced by recent clinical trial results in solid tumors. Entrectinib (RXDX-101) is an investigational, orally available, CNS-active, highly potent, and selective kinase inhibitor against TRKA/B/C, ROS1, and ALK kinase activities. Here, we demonstrate that TRK kinase inhibition by entrectinib selectively targets preclinical models of TRK fusion-driven hematologic malignancies. In acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cell lines with endogenous expression of the <i>ETV6-NTRK3</i> fusion gene, entrectinib treatment blocked cell proliferation and induced apoptotic cell death <i>in vitro</i> with subnanomolar IC<sub>50</sub> values. Phosphorylation of the ETV6-TRKC fusion protein and its downstream signaling effectors was inhibited by entrectinib treatment in a dose-dependent manner. In animal models, entrectinib treatment at clinically relevant doses resulted in tumor regression that was accompanied by elimination of residual cancer cells from the bone marrow. Our preclinical data demonstrate the potential of entrectinib as an effective treatment for patients with TRK fusion-driven AML and other hematologic malignancies. <i>Mol Cancer Ther; 17(2); 455-63. ©2017 AACR</i>.
A 12-Bit High-Speed Column-Parallel Two-Step Single-Slope Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) for CMOS Image Sensors (2014)

A 12-bit high-speed column-parallel two-step single-slope (SS) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for CMOS image sensors is proposed. The proposed ADC employs a single ramp voltage and multiple reference voltages, and the conversion is divided into coarse phase and fine phase to improve the conversion rate. An error calibration scheme is proposed to correct errors caused by offsets among the reference voltages. The digital-to-analog converter (DAC) used for the ramp generator is based on the split-capacitor array with an attenuation capacitor. Analysis of the DAC's linearity performance versus capacitor mismatch and parasitic capacitance is presented. A prototype 1024 × 32 Time Delay Integration (TDI) CMOS image sensor with the proposed ADC architecture has been fabricated in a standard 0.18 μm CMOS process. The proposed ADC has average power consumption of 128 μW and a conventional rate 6 times higher than the conventional SS ADC. A high-quality image, captured at the line rate of 15.5 k lines/s, shows that the proposed ADC is suitable for high-speed CMOS image sensors.
Biochemical and Genetic Evidence that Enterococcus faecium L50 Produces Enterocins L50A and L50B, the sec -Dependent Enterocin P, and a Novel Bacteriocin Secreted without an N-Terminal Extension Termed Enterocin Q (2000)

Enterococcus faecium L50 grown at 16 to 32 degrees C produces enterocin L50 (EntL50), consisting of EntL50A and EntL50B, two unmodified non-pediocin-like peptides synthesized without an N-terminal leader sequence or signal peptide. However, the bacteriocin activity found in the cell-free culture supernatants following growth at higher temperatures (37 to 47 degrees C) is not due to EntL50. A purification procedure including cation-exchange, hydrophobic interaction, and reverse-phase liquid chromatography has shown that the antimicrobial activity is due to two different bacteriocins. Amino acid sequences obtained by Edman degradation and DNA sequencing analyses revealed that one is identical to the sec-dependent pediocin-like enterocin P produced by E. faecium P13 (L. M. Cintas, P. Casaus, L. S. Hâvarstein, P. E. Hernández, and I. F. Nes, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63:4321-4330, 1997) and the other is a novel unmodified non-pediocin-like bacteriocin termed enterocin Q (EntQ), with a molecular mass of 3,980. DNA sequencing analysis of a 963-bp region of E. faecium L50 containing the enterocin P structural gene (entP) and the putative immunity protein gene (entiP) reveals a genetic organization identical to that previously found in E. faecium P13. DNA sequencing analysis of a 1,448-bp region identified two consecutive but diverging open reading frames (ORFs) of which one, termed entQ, encodes a 34-amino-acid protein whose deduced amino acid sequence was identical to that obtained for EntQ by amino acid sequencing, showing that EntQ, similarly to EntL50A and EntL50B, is synthesized without an N-terminal leader sequence or signal peptide. The second ORF, termed orf2, was located immediately upstream of and in opposite orientation to entQ and encodes a putative immunity protein composed of 221 amino acids. Bacteriocin production by E. faecium L50 showed that EntP and EntQ are produced in the temperature range from 16 to 47 degrees C and maximally detected at 47 and 37 to 47 degrees C, respectively, while EntL50A and EntL50B are maximally synthesized at 16 to 25 degrees C and are not detected at 37 degrees C or above.
Brown‐midrib maize (bm1) – a mutation affecting the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene (1998)

Brown-midrib (bm) mutants of maize have modified lignin of reddish-brown colour. Although four independent bm loci are known, only one of the mutant genes has been previously identified. We report here that maize bm1, one of the less characterised mutants, shows severely reduced CAD activity in lignified tissues, resulting in the production of a modified lignin. Both the total lignin content and the structure of the polymer are altered by the mutation. We further describe the isolation and characterisation of the maize CAD cDNA and mapping of the CAD gene. CAD maps very closely to the known location of bm1 and co-segregates with the bm1 locus in two independent recombinant inbred populations. These data strongly support the premise that maize bm1 directly affects expression of the CAD gene.
Animal Pharmacology of Reversible Antagonism of the Gastric Acid Pump, Compared to Standard Antisecretory Principles (2000)

To define the basic antisecretory profile of a potassium-competitive antagonism of the gastric acid pump relative to other classes of acid-inhibitory drugs, they were compared to each other against all three major stimuli of acid secretion. Pumaprazole is an imidazo-pyridine derivative that was used in this investigation as an example of reversibly binding acid pump antagonists (APAs). It differs from covalently binding proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), such as omeprazole, both with respect to chemical structure and mode of interaction with the gastric H(+)/K(+)-ATPase (i.e., the acid or proton pump). The present data show that a single dose of pumaprazole is able to elevate intragastric pH in the dog with gastric fistula under pentagastrin or carbachol stimulation from pH 1 to about pH 7 while still displaying a dose-dependent, well-controlable duration of action of a few hours. Ranitidine at the same oral dose also shows a short duration of action, but combined with a far lower efficacy. By contrast, a single oral dose of the PPI omeprazole elevates intragastric pH for a longer time period, but this pH elevation is far lower compared to that of the APA. Regarding the less stringent parameter of inhibition of total acid output in the Heidenhain pouch dog, the modified Shay rat or the Ghosh-Schild rat, pumaprazole is, overall, slightly more efficacious than ranitidine. The M(1)-muscarinic antagonist pirenzepine is ineffective (against histamine stimulation) or far less effective than pumaprazole (against pentagastrin-stimulation), but as effective as pumaprazole against carbachol stimulation in the Ghosh-Schild rat. Basal acid output in the same model is more effectively inhibited by pumaprazole than by ranitidine. In conclusion, our data demonstrate the exceptional ability of a reversibly binding APA to elevate intragastric pH up to neutrality even upon a first administration while still displaying a limited, dose-dependent duration of action.
Effect of platelet lysate on growth and sulfated glycosaminoglycan synthesis in articular chondrocyte cultures (1980)

Human platelet lysate (PL) has a strong growth promoting action on rabbit articular chondrocytes in monolayer culture. The responsible factor is heat stable (56 degrees C, 30 minutes) and above 10,000 MW. PL (80 microgram protein/ml) reduces cell protein content and sulfated glycosaminoglycan synthesis. Synthesis of DNA is stimulated within the first 12 hours of culture but the decline in radiosulfate incorporation lags. PL acts to a slight extent on chondrocytes in serum-free media, but its effect is potentiated by "platelet-poor human serum" or fetal bovine serum. PL is one of several agents having such effects on chondrocytes cultured in serum-containing media. Stimulation of growth in this cell type thus reduces nonreplicative biosynthetic activity nonspecifically. In the epiphyseal growth plate and in pathologic alterations of permeability of the matrix of articular cartilage, platelet-derived factors, together with somatomedin or other cofactors in serum, may be the principal mediator of growth of chondrocytes in vivo.
R-ALOHA protocol for SS inter-vehicle communication network using head spacing information (2002)

The purpose of the studies is to improve the safety of road traffic systems and the smooth control of the traffic flow by providing information to vehicles. This paper assumes that the vehicles incidentally close to each other, form and manage a locally autonomous decentralized dynamic network. An R-ALOHA (reservation-ALOHA) protocol for the spread spectrum (SS) inter-vehicle communication network using head spacing information is proposed which improve the conventional slot reservation methods. Since the near-far problem in SS communication is one reason for the degradation of system performance, this proposed scheme is shown to improve the efficiency of communication. The performance of the proposed system in the environment where vehicles are assumed to run freely on a highway is verified by computer simulation. It is shown that inter-vehicle communication can be smoothly carried out between one vehicle and the surrounding vehicles using the propose method.
Single source metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of low microwave surface resistance YBa2Cu3O7 (1991)

YBa2Cu3O7 films 2000–7500 Å thick were deposited onto [100] LaAlO3 substrates using a novel single source metalorganic chemical vapor deposition technique. We have so far observed critical currents as high as 4×106 A/cm2 at 77 K, transition temperatures (Tc at R=0) as high as 91 K, and the 10 GHz microwave surface resistance Rs as low as 40 μΩ at 4.2 K and 400 μΩ at 77 K.
Expanded Potential for Recombinant Trisegmented Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Viruses: Protein Production, Antibody Production, and In Vivo Assessment of Biological Function of Genes of Interest (2011)

The recombinant engineering of trisegmented lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) to express two genes of interest was recently reported. We used this technology to efficiently express green fluorescent protein (GFP) and the immunoregulatory gene product interleukin-10 (IL-10) in vitro, assess IL-10 function in vivo during viral meningitis, and generate specific, robust monoclonal antibody responses to IL-10. Tripartite viruses were attenuated in wild-type and TLR7(-/-) mice. However, IFNAR1(-/-) mice sustained systemic viral replication when 2 nucleotide substitutions from a persistent LCMV variant were present. These findings demonstrate the utility of tripartite LCMV in vitro and in vivo to study genes in the context of a well-defined model system.
A Highly Reactive Mononuclear Zn(II) Complex for Phosphodiester Cleavage (2005)

The activity of a Zn(II) complex of a tetradentate, tripodal ligand for catalyzing phosphodiester cleavage is enhanced 750-fold by introducing three hydrogen bond donors to the ligand. Inhibition studies show that the Zn-aqua complex is the kinetically active form and that it binds the transition state with a formal dissociation constant of 3 x 108 M-1. The effect of these ligand modifications on the transition-state affinity is comparable to the rate acceleration provided by the metal ion itself. Overall, this mononuclear complex is more active than the most reactive dinuclear Zn(II) complexes reported to date.
Synthetic Applications of 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Chemistry Toward Heterocycles and Natural Products (2002)

Nitrones (Jason N. Martin and Raymond C. F. Jones). Nitronates (Scott E. Denmark and Jeromy J. Cottell). Azomethine Ylides (L. M. Harwood and R. J. Vickers). Carbonyl Ylides (Mark C. McMills and Dennis Wright). Thiocarbonyl Ylides (Grzegorz Mloston and Heinz Heimgartner). Nitrile Oxides (Volker Jager and Pedro A. Colinas). Nitrile Ylides and Nitrile Imines (John T. Sharp). Diazoalkanes (Gerhard Maas). Azides (Chin-Kang Sha and A. K. Mohanakrishnan). Mesoionic Ring Systems (Gordon W. Gribble). Effect of External Reagents (Shuji Kanemasa). Asymmetric Reactions (Kurt Vesterager Gothelf and Karl Anker Jorgensen). Index.
Recombinant Soluble Interleukin-11 (IL-11) Receptor α-Chain Can Act as an IL-11 Antagonist (1997)

We have expressed a soluble N-glycosylated form of the murine interleukin-11 (IL-11) receptor alpha-chain (sIL-11R) and examined signaling in cells expressing the gp130 molecule. In the presence of gp130 but not the transmembrane IL-11R, the sIL-11R mediated IL-11-dependent differentiation of M1 leukemic cells and proliferation in Ba/F3 cells. Early intracellular events stimulated by the sIL-11R including phosphorylation of gp130, STAT 3, and SHP-2 were similar to signaling through the transmembrane IL-11R. IL-11 bound to sIL-11R with low affinity (kd 10 to 50 nmol/L). Binding of sIL-11R to gp130 was IL-11 dependent with intermediate affinity (kd 1.5 to 3.0 nmol/L). However, the concentration of IL-11 required for signaling through the sIL-11R was 10- to 20-fold greater than that required for cells expressing the transmembrane IL-11R and gp130 in the absence of sIL-11R. Furthermore, the sIL-11R was capable of antagonizing the activity of IL-11 when tested on cells expressing the transmembrane IL-11R and gp130. We propose that the observed IL-11 antagonism by the sIL-11R may depend on limiting numbers of gp130 molecules on cells already expressing the transmembrane IL-11R.