gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation of Three Types of Disulfated Disaccharides from Chondroitin Sulfates by Chondroitinase Digestion (1968)

Abstract By means of enzymatic digestion with chondroitinase-ABC, a novel unsaturated disaccharide bearing two sulfate residues has been derived from chondroitin sulfate of squid cartilage. Various data, particularly the formation of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(β-d-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-4-O-sulfo-d-galactose and its 6-O-sulfate isomer by hydrolysis with chondro-6-sulfatase and chondro-4-sulfatase, respectively, and the formation of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4,6-di-O-sulfo-d-galactose by mild acid hydrolysis, indicate that the two sulfate residues are located at positions 4 and 6 of the hexosamine moiety. A distinct unsaturated disaccharide also bearing two sulfate residues has been obtained from chondroitin sulfate B preparations of bovine lung and pig skin. One of the sulfate residues has been shown to be substituted at position 4 of the hexosamine moiety. The resistance of the second residue to both chondro-4-sulfatase and chondro-6-sulfatase and of the uronic acid moiety to Flavobacterium heparinum glucuronidase suggests that the sulfate residue is substituted at position 2 or 3 of the uronic acid moiety. These disulfated disaccharides are, therefore, isomers of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(2- or 3-O-sulfo-β-d-gluco-4-ene-pyranosyluronic acid)-6-O-sulfo-d-galactose, the compound previously found in the digest of chondroitin sulfate from shark cartilage. The three isomeric disulfated disaccharides were separated from nonsulfated and monosulfated homologues and from one another by paper chromatography in 1-butyric acid-0.5 n ammonia (5:3). The separation of disaccharides from chondroitinase digests by paper chromatography permits comparison of chondroitinase digests from different chondroitin sulfate preparations and detection of slight variations in the types of sulfate linkage.
RF Spectrum Analysis of Optical Signals Using Nonlinear Optics (2004)

We study a technique to measure the radio-frequency (RF) spectrum of an optical signal based on nonlinear optics. The conventional approach, based on fast photodetection and analysis of the generated photocurrent via electronics means, is replaced by a nonlinear interaction of the source under test with a quasimonochromatic source followed by an optical spectrum measurement. Our technique has the advantage of an all-optical measurement that can provide a much larger bandwidth than electronic alternatives. The properties of this diagnostic, such as resolution and bandwidth, are studied. Typical applications to the monitoring of optical signals are presented.
Consumer-directed home care: client profiles and service challenges. (1996)

This article presents the results of a study that sought to develop a profile of potential consumer-directed clients in a countywide home care program. In order to develop this profile, clients were assessed by the telephone case manager and the in-home assessor, each of whom made an independent decision about the appropriate level of case management for the client. Of the 278 clients assessed, 16.5% were identified by both professionals as candidates for consumer-directed care; for another 42.1%, the case manager and assessor agreed that a more intense level of care was appropriate. For the remaining clients (41.4%), there was disagreement between the two assessments about the appropriate level of case management. Clients identified as consumer-directed candidates were more likely to be female, to have fewer impairments, to receive fewer services, to have low incomes, and to live alone. Case managers' and assessors' comments indicated that the consumer-directed group consisted of those more likely to have stable health and a good support system, along with an understanding of the service system and a willingness to make contacts in case of problems or status changes. The article also explores the implications for service providers.
Volume graphics (1993)

Volume graphics, which employs a volume buffer of voxels for 3D scene representation, is discussed. Volume graphics offers advantages over surface graphics: it is viewpoint independent, insensitive to scene and object complexity, and suitable for the representation of sampled and simulated data sets. Moreover, geometric objects can be mixed with these data sets. Volume graphics supports the visualization of internal structures and lends itself to the realization of block operations, constructive solid geometry modeling, irregular voxel sizes, and hierarchical representation. The problems associated with the volume buffer representation (such as discreteness, memory size, processing time, and loss of geometric representation) are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Square Kilometre Array: A Science Overview (2000)

Over the past several years an international effort has been developing to solve the technical challenges required to construct a giant radio telescope with a collecting area of one square kilometre. The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will have a hundred times more collecting area than our most powerful existing radio telescopes, providing sensitivity of a few tens of nanoJansky in the centimetre/decimetre wavelength continuum. With a spatial resolution better than the Hubble Space Telescope, a field of view larger than the full moon, and the ability to simultaneously image a wide range of red shift, the SKA will be the world’s premier spectroscopic imaging telescope. The Square Kilometre Array will be able to detect emission from the atomic and molecular gas at extreme redshifts, allowing study of the Dark Ages of the Universe before, and during, the transition phase when the initial stars formed and reionisation occurred. The wavelength range of the SKA spans the transition from emission dominated by non-thermal processes at long wavelengths to thermal radiation processes at the short wavelengths. With the combination of sensitivity, wide field of view and high angular resolution, the SKA will image the interstellar media and magnetic fields of galaxies to high redshift. Measurements of atomic hydrogen emission and continuum emission from galaxies will trace the star formation history of the Universe from primordial galaxies to the present. In our own Galaxy star formation processes and phenomena in the gaseous ISM will be studied on linear scales down to a few A.U. Millions of stars will be detected as radio sources, allowing, for example, imaging of protostellar and protoplanetary disk on sub AU scales, the initial mass function of massive stars in our own and other galaxies to be measured, the surfaces of red giant stars to be directly imaged, and solar-type phenomena to be studied on hundreds of nearby stars.
Interactive Exploration of Implicit and Explicit Relations in Faceted Datasets (2013)

Many datasets, such as scientific literature collections, contain multiple heterogeneous facets which derive implicit relations, as well as explicit relational references between data items. The exploration of this data is challenging not only because of large data scales but also the complexity of resource structures and semantics. In this paper, we present PivotSlice, an interactive visualization technique which provides efficient faceted browsing as well as flexible capabilities to discover data relationships. With the metaphor of direct manipulation, PivotSlice allows the user to visually and logically construct a series of dynamic queries over the data, based on a multi-focus and multi-scale tabular view that subdivides the entire dataset into several meaningful parts with customized semantics. PivotSlice further facilitates the visual exploration and sensemaking process through features including live search and integration of online data, graphical interaction histories and smoothly animated visual state transitions. We evaluated PivotSlice through a qualitative lab study with university researchers and report the findings from our observations and interviews. We also demonstrate the effectiveness of PivotSlice using a scenario of exploring a repository of information visualization literature.
Serially concatenated coding for broadcasting S-UMTS applications (2003)

Satellite-UMTS supports broadcast applications that involve transmission of the same encoded data over channels that may vary significantly. The same code must allow a user with a good channel to recover the information with low complexity, while a user with a bad channel should still be able to achieve an acceptable BER at the cost of increased complexity and/or decoding delay. To this end, we propose serially concatenated multilevel code structures that employ PSK modulation. The receiver has the flexibility to achieve turbo-code, trellis-code or uncoded performance, depending on the decoding effort. Design considerations include the constituent encoder design and the use of a non-uniform constellation. Simulation results investigate the system's performance and highlight different parameters trade-offs.
Artemis: sequence visualization and annotation (2000)

Artemis is a DNA sequence visualization and annotation tool that allows the results of any analysis or sets of analyses to be viewed in the context of the sequence and its six-frame translation. Artemis is especially useful in analysing the compact genomes of bacteria, archaea and lower eukaryotes, and will cope with sequences of any size from small genes to whole genomes. It is implemented in Java, and can be run on any suitable platform. Sequences and annotation can be read and written directly in EMBL, GenBank and GFF format. AVAILABITLTY: Artemis is available under the GNU General Public License from http://www.sanger.ac.uk/Software/Artemis
Differential expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 in human breast cancer (1996)

Conference Article| May 01 1996 Differential expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 in human breast cancer JUDITH A McKAY; JUDITH A McKAY *Department of Pathology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB9 2ZD Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar GRAEME I MURRAY; GRAEME I MURRAY *Department of Pathology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB9 2ZD Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar AK AH-SEE; AK AH-SEE #Department of Surgery, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB9 2ZD Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar WILLIAM F GREENLEE; WILLIAM F GREENLEE +Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar CRAIG B MARCUS; CRAIG B MARCUS +Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar M DANNY BURKE; M DANNY BURKE ‡Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB9 2ZD Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar WILLIAM T MELVIN WILLIAM T MELVIN ¶Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB9 2ZD Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1996) 24 (2): 327S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst024327s Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation JUDITH A McKAY, GRAEME I MURRAY, AK AH-SEE, WILLIAM F GREENLEE, CRAIG B MARCUS, M DANNY BURKE, WILLIAM T MELVIN; Differential expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 in human breast cancer. Biochem Soc Trans 1 May 1996; 24 (2): 327S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst024327s Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1996 Biochemical Society1996 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Fuzzy Logic Energy Management Strategy for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2014)

The HEV electric motor is typically powered by a battery pack through power electronics. The HEV battery is recharged either by the engine or from regenerative braking. The electric drive mode is very limited for an HEV due to the limited battery power. A more powerful battery will increase the electric drive range of the vehicle, thus improving fuel economy. However, there will be a need to recharge the battery using an electric outlet since the regenerative braking and limited engine usage will not be sufficient to fully recharge the larger battery pack. In this paper, fuzzy logic energy management strategy for a Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) is presented. Since large amount of electric energy is stored in the battery from the electric power grid, the fuel consumption is reduced significantly as compared with HEV counterpart. The proposed energy management strategy is implemented on a PHEV model in ADVISOR and the model is then simulated for several number of drive cycles. The proposed PHEV algorithm results are compared with the determinacy rulebased energy management strategy for HEV with similar battery capacity as PHEV.
Enhanced Glide of Dislocations in GaAs Single Crystals by Electron Beam Irradiation (1981)

Influence of 30 keV electron beam irradiation on the mobility of α-dislocations in n-GaAs has been investigated at temperatures between 290 K and 470 K under a shear stress of 40 MN/m 2 using a scanning electron microscope with cathodoluminescence mode. The effect of electron irradiation (0.39 A/m 2 ) is equivalent to a temperature rise of 80–180 K in the testing temperature range, which is not explained by a heating effect of the lattice by the irradiation. The activation energy of the dislocation motion is decreased from 0.95 eV to ∼0.24 eV by the irradiation. The effect is explained in terms of recombination-enhanced glide of dislocations.
Identification and Characterization of NVP-BKM120, an Orally Available Pan-Class I PI3-Kinase Inhibitor (2011)

Following the discovery of NVP-BEZ235, our first dual pan-PI3K/mTOR clinical compound, we sought to identify additional phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors from different chemical classes with a different selectivity profile. The key to achieve these objectives was to couple a structure-based design approach with intensive pharmacologic evaluation of selected compounds during the medicinal chemistry optimization process. Here, we report on the biologic characterization of the 2-morpholino pyrimidine derivative pan-PI3K inhibitor NVP-BKM120. This compound inhibits all four class I PI3K isoforms in biochemical assays with at least 50-fold selectivity against other protein kinases. The compound is also active against the most common somatic PI3Kα mutations but does not significantly inhibit the related class III (Vps34) and class IV (mTOR, DNA-PK) PI3K kinases. Consistent with its mechanism of action, NVP-BKM120 decreases the cellular levels of p-Akt in mechanistic models and relevant tumor cell lines, as well as downstream effectors in a concentration-dependent and pathway-specific manner. Tested in a panel of 353 cell lines, NVP-BKM120 exhibited preferential inhibition of tumor cells bearing PIK3CA mutations, in contrast to either KRAS or PTEN mutant models. NVP-BKM120 shows dose-dependent in vivo pharmacodynamic activity as measured by significant inhibition of p-Akt and tumor growth inhibition in mechanistic xenograft models. NVP-BKM120 behaves synergistically when combined with either targeted agents such as MEK or HER2 inhibitors or with cytotoxic agents such as docetaxel or temozolomide. The pharmacological, biologic, and preclinical safety profile of NVP-BKM120 supports its clinical development and the compound is undergoing phase II clinical trials in patients with cancer.
High Guanine and Cytosine Content Increases mRNA Levels in Mammalian Cells (2006)

Mammalian genes are highly heterogeneous with respect to their nucleotide composition, but the functional consequences of this heterogeneity are not clear. In the previous studies, weak positive or negative correlations have been found between the silent-site guanine and cytosine (GC) content and expression of mammalian genes. However, previous studies disregarded differences in the genomic context of genes, which could potentially obscure any correlation between GC content and expression. In the present work, we directly compared the expression of GC-rich and GC-poor genes placed in the context of identical promoters and UTR sequences. We performed transient and stable transfections of mammalian cells with GC-rich and GC-poor versions of Hsp70, green fluorescent protein, and IL2 genes. The GC-rich genes were expressed several-fold to over a 100-fold more efficiently than their GC-poor counterparts. This effect was not due to different translation rates of GC-rich and GC-poor mRNA. On the contrary, the efficient expression of GC-rich genes resulted from their increased steady-state mRNA levels. mRNA degradation rates were not correlated with GC content, suggesting that efficient transcription or mRNA processing is responsible for the high expression of GC-rich genes. We conclude that silent-site GC content correlates with gene expression efficiency in mammalian cells.
Mobile Wireless Internet Technology Faces Hurdles (1998)

Phytases hydrolyze phytates to liberate soluble and thus readily utilizable inorganic phosphate. Although phytases are produced by various groups of microbes, yeasts being simple eukaryotes and mostly non-pathogenic with proven probiotic benefits can serve as ideal candidates for phytase research. The full potential of yeast phytases has not, however, been exploited. This review focuses attention on the present status of knowledge on the production, characterization, molecular characteristics, and cloning and over-expression of yeast phytases. Several potential applications of the yeast phytases in feeds and foods, and in the synthesis of lower myo-inositol phosphates are also discussed.
Observations of HII regions at millimeter wavelengths with the O.A.S.I. telescope at Terra Nova Bay (2003)

We report on our latest investigations into strong HII regions lying on the Galactic plane. They are sources of free-free emission in radio and dust emission in IR, but they have not been observed in the millimeter range until now. Our efforts to understand their behaviour in this range will be displayed. These observations were carried out with the O.A.S.I. telescope at Terra Nova Bay from November to December 2001. The receiving system consisted of a bolometric detector operating at wavelengths of 1.25 and 2 millimeter, with a resolution of 5 arcmin. We will briefly describe the observational techniques and the preliminary results for two of these sources, G291.6 -0.5 and G291.3 -0.7; we will also discuss some improvements to be introduced for further observations.
Natural Resistance to Infection with Intracellular Pathogens: The Nramp1 Protein Is Recruited to the Membrane of the Phagosome (1997)

The Nramp1 (natural-resistance-associated macrophage protein 1) locus (Bcg, Ity, Lsh) controls the innate resistance or susceptibility of mice to infection with a group of unrelated intracellular parasites which includes Salmonella, Leishmania, and Mycobacterium. Nramp1 is expressed exclusively in professional phagocytes and encodes an integral membrane protein that shares structural characteristics with ion channels and transporters. Its function and mechanism of action remain unknown. The intracellular localization of the Nramp1 protein was analyzed in control 129/sv and mutant Nramp1-/- macrophages by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy and by biochemical fractionation. In colocalization studies with a specific anti-Nramp1 antiserum and a panel of control antibodies directed against known cellular structures, Nramp1 was found not to be expressed at the plasma membrane but rather localized to the late endocytic compartments (late endosome/lysosome) of resting macrophages in a Lamp1 (lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1)-positive compartment. Double immunofluorescence studies and direct purification of latex bead-containing phagosomes demonstrated that upon phagocytosis, Nramp1 is recruited to the membrane of the phagosome and remains associated with this structure during its maturation to phagolysosome. After phagocytosis, Nramp1 is acquired by the phagosomal membrane with time kinetics similar to Lamp1, but clearly distinct from those of the early endosomal marker Rab5. The targeting of Nramp1 from endocytic vesicles to the phagosomal membrane supports the hypothesis that Nramp1 controls the replication of intracellular parasites by altering the intravacuolar environment of the microbe-containing phagosome.
A clustering technique to rise up the marketing tactics by looking out the key users taking Facebook as a case study (2014)

When we talk about running a lasting business that experiences drastic growth, a social media presence is critical. Having the knowledge of social media and its necessity, running a successful social media marketing campaign is totally a different idea. In fact, when it comes to establishing a social media presence that makes an impact, understanding the interest of all users & based on it publishing the required information as per their tastes is an important factor. For advertising campaigns and product development, discovering the appropriate target markets and audience is an important stage in the market research. This paper aims to focus on four important works i.e. Identifying the target users, Designing of market strategy/plan, Building the marketing network (groups) & Statistical analysis of categories. Influentiality of target user has been discussed with real time instances. Categories have been found based on their influence by using clustering technique. Lastly, ended with statistical analysis that includes graphical representation of highly influenced users. Further this paper helps to extract emotional feelings of the user so that any related articles, posts or videos can be posted to that user.