gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel MAC layer protocol for space division multiple access in wireless ad hoc networks (2003)

Recently, MAC protocols using directional antennas for wireless ad hoc networks that are based on and similar to IEEE 802.11 type WLAN have been proposed. These protocols, however, are unable to attain substantial performance improvements because they do not enable the nodes to perform multiple simultaneous transmissions/receptions. In this paper, we propose a MAC layer protocol that exploits space division multiple access, thus using the property of directional reception to receive more than one packet from spatially separated transmitter nodes (equipped with smart antenna systems). Our simulation results show that drastic throughput improvements may be achieved through this scheme.
TRAVTEK EVALUATION YOKED DRIVER STUDY (1995)

The Yoked Driver Study was 1 of 12 investigations conducted part of the TravTek operational test of an advanced traveler information and traffic management system (ATIS/ATMS). The TravTek system consisted of the Orlando Traffic Management Center (TMC), the TravTek vehicles, and the TravTek Information and Services Center. The TMC broadcast updated travel times for TravTek traffic links to the TravTek vehicles once each minute. The TravTek vehicles broadcast their completed link travel times back to the TMC for transmission to the other TravTek vehicles. The vehicles were equipped to provide route planning, route guidance, and a data base of local services and attractions. The primary purpose of the Yoked Driver Study was to evaluate the value of real-time traffic information, route planning, and route guidance to (a) trip efficiency, (b) navigation performance, and (c) driving performance. The study also examined willingness-to-pay, user perceptions of the system, and user recommendations. A controlled experiment was conducted in which sets of three TravTek vehicles traveled between selected origins and destinations during peak afternoon traffic. Each of the three vehicles was configured differently. One provided route planning and route guidance that utilized real-time traffic information. A second provided the same route planning and route guidance except that it did not utilize real-time traffic information. The third required that drivers plan the trip and navigate as they normally would. A total of 222 volunteer drivers participated in the experiment. TravTek benefits to individual drivers included a travel time saving and a reduction in perceived workload. Real-time traffic information produced a network trip efficiency by routing many of TravTek vehicles that received it onto arterials. Although vehicles that received real-time information tended to travel farther, and to travel farther on lower class roadways, they did not have significantly longer travel times. User perception and performance data suggest that the system was easy to learn and easy to use. Participants in this study indicated that they would be willing to pay about $1000 for a system such the one they drove.
Tbx1is regulated by tissue-specific forkhead proteins through a common Sonic hedgehog-responsive enhancer (2003)

Haploinsufficiency of Tbx1 is likely a major determinant of cardiac and craniofacial birth defects associated with DiGeorge syndrome. Although mice deficient in Tbx1 exhibit pharyngeal and aortic arch defects, the developmental program and mechanisms through which Tbx1 functions are relatively unknown. We identified a single cis-element upstream of Tbx1 that recognized winged helix/forkhead box (Fox)-containing transcription factors and was essential for regulation of Tbx1 transcription in the pharyngeal endoderm and head mesenchyme. The Tbx1 regulatory region was responsive to signaling by Sonic hedgehog (Shh) in vivo. We show that Shh is necessary for aortic arch development, similar to Tbx1, and is also required for expression of Foxa2 and Foxc2 in the pharyngeal endoderm and head mesenchyme, respectively. Foxa2, Foxc1, or Foxc2 could bind and activate transcription through the critical cis-element upstream of Tbx1, and Foxc proteins were required, within their expression domains, for Tbx1 transcription in vivo. We propose that Tbx1 is a direct transcriptional target of Fox proteins and that Fox proteins may serve an intermediary role in Shh regulation of Tbx1.
Response to Cabozantinib in Patients with RET Fusion-Positive Lung Adenocarcinomas (2013)

The discovery of RET fusions in lung cancers has uncovered a new therapeutic target for patients whose tumors harbor these changes. In an unselected population of non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs), RET fusions are present in 1% to 2% of cases. This incidence increases substantially, however, in never-smokers with lung adenocarcinomas that lack other known driver oncogenes. Although preclinical data provide experimental support for the use of RET inhibitors in the treatment of RET fusion-positive tumors, clinical data on response are lacking. We report preliminary data for the first three patients treated with the RET inhibitor cabozantinib on a prospective phase II trial for patients with RET fusion-positive NSCLCs (NCT01639508). Confirmed partial responses were observed in 2 patients, including one harboring a novel TRIM33-RET fusion. A third patient with a KIF5B-RET fusion has had prolonged stable disease approaching 8 months (31 weeks). All three patients remain progression-free on treatment.
A spectral factorization approach to pseudo-QMF design (1991)

A novel approach to the design of M-channel pseudo-quadrature mirror filter (QMF) banks is presented. In this approach, the prototype filter is obtained as a spectral factor of a 2M/sup th/ band filter. This completely eliminates the need for optimization, whereas in conventional pseudo-QMF designs the main computational effort is in optimization of the prototype. The aliasing cancellation constraint is derived such that all the significant aliasing terms are canceled. The overall transfer function of the analysis/synthesis system has an approximately flat magnitude response in the frequency region epsilon <or= omega <or=( pi - epsilon ), where epsilon depends on the transition bandwidth of the prototype. A design example is included.<<ETX>>
Advances in immunotherapy for treatment of lung cancer. (2015)

Different approaches for treating lung cancer have been developed over time, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapies against activating mutations. Lately, better understanding of the role of the immunological system in tumor control has opened multiple doors to implement different strategies to enhance immune response against cancer cells. It is known that tumor cells elude immune response by several mechanisms. The development of monoclonal antibodies against the checkpoint inhibitor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1), on T cells, has led to high activity in cancer patients with long lasting responses. Nivolumab, an anti PD-1 inhibitor, has been recently approved for the treatment of squamous cell lung cancer patients, given the survival advantage demonstrated in a phase III trial. Pembrolizumab, another anti PD-1 antibody, has received FDA breakthrough therapy designation for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), supported by data from a phase I trial. Clinical trials with anti PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies in NSCLC have demonstrated very good tolerability and activity, with response rates around 20% and a median duration of response of 18 months.
A Monolithic Single-Chip X-Band Four-Bit Phase Shifter (1982)

X-band GaAs monolithic passive phase shifter with 22.5°, 45°, 90°, and 180° phase bits are developed using FET switches. By cascading all four bits, a four-bit digital phase shifter with 5.1+-0.6-dB insertion loss is realized on a single 6.4 x 7.9 x 0.1-mm chip.
ICI 176,334: A NOVEL NON–STEROIDAL, PERIPHERALLY SELECTIVE ANTIANDROGEN (1987)

Pure antiandrogens, like flutamide, antagonize androgen action both peripherally and centrally at the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, which leads to an increase in LH and testosterone secretion. A new non-steroidal antiandrogen ICI 176,334 [2RS)-4'-cyano-3-(4-fluorophenylsulphonyl)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3'- trifluoromethyl)propion-anilide) has now been discovered which causes regression of the accessory sex organs but does not increase serum concentrations of LH and androgens. ICI 176,334 binds to rat prostate androgen receptors with an affinity around fourfold that of hydroxyflutamide. When administered s.c. concurrently with testosterone propionate (200 micrograms/kg) for 7 days to immature castrated rats, ICI 176,334 (10 mg/kg) significantly (P less than 0.001) inhibited growth of the seminal vesicles and ventral prostate gland. Oral administration of ICI 176,334 at doses of 1, 5 and 25 mg/kg for 14 days to adult rats caused a dose-related reduction in accessory sex organ weights but had no effect on the testes. None of these doses caused a significant increase in serum LH and testosterone. Flutamide was around fourfold less potent and significantly increased serum LH and testosterone at the higher doses. ICI 176,334 was well tolerated. ICI 176,334 should, therefore, prove useful for the treatment of androgen-responsive benign and malignant diseases.
The Junctional Adhesion Molecule 3 (JAM-3) on Human Platelets is a Counterreceptor for the Leukocyte Integrin Mac-1 (2002)

The recently described junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs) in man and mice are involved in homotypic and heterotypic intercellular interactions. Here, a third member of this family, human JAM-3, was identified and described as a novel counterreceptor on platelets for the leukocyte beta2-integrin Mac-1 (alphaMbeta2, CD11b/CD18). With the help of two monoclonal antibodies, Gi11 and Gi13, against a 43-kD surface glycoprotein on human platelets, a full-length cDNA encoding JAM-3 was identified. JAM-3 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein containing two Ig-like domains. Although JAM-3 did not undergo homophilic interactions, myelo-monocytic cells adhered to immobilized JAM-3 or to JAM-3-transfected cells. This heterophilic interaction was specifically attributed to a direct interaction of JAM-3 with the beta2-integrin Mac-1 and to a lower extent with p150.95 (alphaXbeta2, CD11c/CD18) but not with LFA-1 (alphaLbeta2, CD11a/CD18) or with beta1-integrins. These results were corroborated by analysis of K562 erythroleukemic cells transfected with different heterodimeric beta2-integrins and by using purified proteins. Moreover, purified JAM-3 or antibodies against JAM-3 blocked the platelet-neutrophil interaction, indicating that platelet JAM-3 serves as a counterreceptor for Mac-1 mediating leukocyte-platelet interactions. JAM-3 thereby provides a novel molecular target for antagonizing interactions between vascular cells that promote inflammatory vascular pathologies such as in atherothrombosis.
CD3� anti-nitrophenyl bispecific diabodies: Universal immunotherapeutic tools for retargeting T cells to tumors (1999)

We developed a universal recombinant bispecific molecule (BiMol) that is capable of redirecting cytotoxic T cells to tumor cells via tagged anti-tumor ligands such as antibody fragments or cytokines. A recombinant bispecific diabody with binding specificities for the CD3 molecule on T cells as well as for the hapten nitrophenyl (NIP) was produced. This bispecific molecule is capable of redirecting cytotoxic T cells to kill a series of malignant cells, including B cell lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and colon carcinoma via NIP-conjugated ligands to tumor-associated antigens. Cytotoxic activity of the diabody was found to be comparable to tetradoma-derived bispecific antibodies with similar specificities. Our findings demonstrate that universal CD3xanti-NIP diabodies could be used for T cell based cellular immunotherapy in a variety of human malignancies. Additionally, these bispecific molecules allow fast and economic testing of tumor-associated antigens on malignant cells for their potential use as immunotherapeutic target structures if corresponding hapten-conjugated antibodies or ligands are available.
Characterization and purification of a calcium-sensitive ATP diphosphohydrolase from pig pancreas. (1980)

An ATP diphosphohydrolase (EC 3.6.1.5) from the pancreas of the pig has been characterized and purified. The enzyme which has an optimum pH between 8 and 9 is specific for diphospho- and triphosphonucleosides. The Km values for ADP and ATP are 7.4 and 7.3 x 10(-4) M, respectively, and the purified enzyme has specific activities of 13 and 15.2 mumol of Pi/min/m of protein, respectively. It requires calcium or magnesium ions and it is insensitive to ATPase inhibitors, namely oligomycin, ouabain, and ruthenium red, and to levamisole, an inhibitor of alkaline phosphatase. Denaturation experiments, by heat and trypsin treatments, indicated that only one enzyme is involved. This is confirmed by the solubilization and purification process and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A 270-fold purification was obtained by centrifugation and successive column chromatography on Sepharose 4B and Affi-Gel blue. It is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 65,000 as estimated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
Insider Threat Study: Illicit Cyber Activity in the Banking and Finance Sector (2005)

Current and former employees, contractors, and other organizational "insiders" pose a substantial threat by virtue of their knowledge of and access to their employers' systems and/or databases and their ability to bypass existing physical and electronic security measures through legitimate means. Previous efforts to study insider incidents have focused on convenience samples and narrow areas of industry and have not examined the incidents from both behavioral and technical perspectives simultaneously. These gaps in the literature have made it difficult for organizations to develop a comprehensive understanding of the insider threat and address the issue from an approach that draws on human resources, corporate security, and information security perspectives. The Secret Service National Threat Assessment Center and the CERT Coordination Center of Carnegie Mellon University's Software Engineering Institute joined efforts to conduct a unique study of insider incidents, the Insider Threat Study (ITS), examining actual cases identified through public reporting or as a computer fraud case investigated by the Secret Service. Each case was analyzed from a behavioral and a technical perspective to identify behaviors and communications in which the insiders engaged-both online and offline-prior to and including the insiders' harmful activities. Section 1 of this report presents an overview of the ITS, including its background, scope, and study methods. Section 2 reports the findings and implications specific to research conducted on insider threat cases in the banking and finance sector.
Analysis of endotoxin fever in rabbits by using a monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor (cachectin) (1989)

A murine monoclonal antibody to rabbit tumor necrosis factor (TNF; cachectin) was injected intravenously into an endotoxin-treated rabbit to examine the role of endogenous TNF in fever. Both early and late peaks of biphasic fever evoked by the endotoxin injection were suppressed by the antibody. TNF activity was detected in an endotoxin dose-dependent manner in the blood 1 h after the endotoxin injection, which was coincident with the early-peak fever. Although the late-peak fever responded to the antibody, no significant TNF activity was detected in the blood obtained 1 h before the peak response. The blood was found to contain endogenous pyrogen activity, which was stable after heating at 70 degrees C for 30 min and resistant to in vitro treatment with the antibody. Rabbit TNF injection also elicited biphasic fever in rabbits, the second phase of which was found to be mediated by the similar endogenous pyrogen. These results suggest that endogenous TNF plays an important role in eliciting a febrile response to endotoxin.
The TEXT data base (1989)

The TEXTDB data base organizes the analyzed experimental data from the TEXT experiment so as to aid in understanding the physics of a complete discharge. The data base was constructed using a commercial relational data base. The relational model provided a flexible structure for organizing data from many different diagnostics into a unified description of the plasma discharge.
A Duck Enteritis Virus-Vectored Bivalent Live Vaccine Provides Fast and Complete Protection against H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus Infection in Ducks (2011)

Ducks play an important role in the maintenance of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in nature, and the successful control of AIVs in ducks has important implications for the eradication of the disease in poultry and its prevention in humans. The inactivated influenza vaccine is expensive, labor-intensive, and usually needs 2 to 3 weeks to induce protective immunity in ducks. Live attenuated duck enteritis virus (DEV; a herpesvirus) vaccine is used routinely to control lethal DEV infections in many duck-producing areas. Here, we first established a system to generate the DEV vaccine strain by using the transfection of overlapping fosmid DNAs. Using this system, we constructed two recombinant viruses, rDEV-ul41HA and rDEV-us78HA, in which the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of the H5N1 virus A/duck/Anhui/1/06 was inserted and stably maintained within the ul41 gene or between the us7 and us8 genes of the DEV genome. Duck studies indicated that rDEV-us78HA had protective efficacy similar to that of the live DEV vaccine against lethal DEV challenge; importantly, a single dose of 10(6) PFU of rDEV-us78HA induced complete protection against a lethal H5N1 virus challenge in as little as 3 days postvaccination. The protective efficacy against both lethal DEV and H5N1 challenge provided by rDEV-ul41HA inoculation in ducks was slightly weaker than that provided by rDEV-us78HA. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that recombinant DEV is suitable for use as a bivalent live attenuated vaccine, providing rapid protection against both DEV and H5N1 virus infection in ducks.
Real-time texture-mapped vector glyphs (2006)

We present a vector graphics representation suitable for real-time rendering on GPUs. Our representation can be used in place of a texture map, and renders precise antialiased edges at any magnification. A combination of texture data and procedural computation is used to evaluate an exact signed distance to a contour and its gradient. An optimized uniform grid accelerator is created using Voronoi analysis and redundancy elimination, so only the distances to a small constant number of features need be computed at every access. Contours and sharp features can be exactly reconstructed using a constant amount of computation per pixel. Our representation supports inexpensive high-quality anisotropic antialiasing as well as special effects such as outlining (with both rounded and sharp miters) and embossing.We have applied our representation to the important application of glyph rendering. Variations in glyph complexity are handled by storing different glyphs at different grid resolutions. Large blocks of glyphs can be rendered efficiently with a single indirection through an index texture.
Wavefront Coding Optical System Design (2001)

In this paper a new technique for a new optical/digital system design is discussed. Wavefront Coding method is used to incorporate commercial optical/design software and custom-built software package to optimize digital imaging.
Influence of the Oersted field in the dynamics of spin-transfer microwave oscillators (2007)

This paper focuses on the magnetization dynamics induced by the balance between the physical positive damping and the negative induced by spin-transfer torque in point-contact devices. We consider an applied field perpendicular to the device plane which both saturates the magnetization of the free layer and tilts the one of the pinned layer about 30° out-of-the-film plane. The influence of the nonuniform current-induced magnetic (Oersted or Ampere) field on the magnetization dynamics of such oscillators has been taken into account within a micromagnetic framework. Results of micromagnetic calculations show that the Oersted field yields spatial asymmetries in the magnetization configuration, which do not introduce any modifications in the frequency domain. Finally, Slonczewski’s analytical formulation [J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 159, L1 (1996)] about the spatial geometry of the current-excited spin-wave modes has been validated numerically.
Convergence properties of an interval probabilistic approach to system reliability estimation (2005)

Based on a black box model of a complex system, and on intervals and probabilities describing the known information about the inputs, we want to estimate the system's reliability. This problem is motivated by a number of problem areas, most specifically in engineering reliability analysis under conditions of poor measurement and high complexity of system models. Using the results of tests performed on the system's computer model, we can estimate the lower and upper bounds of the probability that the system is in a desirable state. This is equivalent to using Monte-Carlo sampling to estimate cumulative belief and plausibility values of functionally propagated finite random intervals. In this paper, we prove that these estimates are correct in the sense that under reasonable assumptions, these estimates converge to the actual probability bounds.
The opioid system in the gastrointestinal tract (2004)

Mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid receptors (ORs) mediate the effects of endogenous opioids and opiate drugs. Here we report (1) the distribution of muOR in the guinea-pig and human gastrointestinal tract in relation to endogenous ligands, to functionally distinct structures in the gut and to deltaOR and kappaOR; and (2) the ligand-induced muOR endocytosis in enteric neurones using in vitro and in vivo models. In the guinea pig, muOR immunoreactivity is confined mainly to the myenteric plexus. MuOR myenteric neurones are most numerous in the small intestine, followed by the stomach and the proximal colon. MuOR immunoreactive fibres are dense in the muscle layer and the deep muscular plexus, where they are in close association with interstitial cells of Cajal. This distribution closely matches the pattern of enkephalin. MuOR enteric neurones comprise functionally distinct populations of neurones of the ascending and descending pathways of the peristaltic reflex. In human gut, muOR immunoreactivity is localized to myenteric and submucosal neurones and to immune cells of the lamina propria. DeltaOR immunoreactivity is located in both plexuses where it is predominantly in varicose fibres in the plexuses, muscle and mucosa, whereas kappaOR immunoreactivity appears to be confined to the myenteric plexus and to bundles of fibres in the muscle. MuOR undergoes endocytosis in a concentration-dependent manner, in vitro and in vivo. Pronounced muOR endocytosis is observed in neurones from animals that underwent abdominal surgery that has been shown to induce delay in gastrointestinal transit. We can conclude that all three ORs are localized to the enteric nervous system with differences among species, and that muOR endocytosis can be utilized as a means to visualize enteric neurones activated by opioids and sites of opioid release.