gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[The primary structure of a monoclonal IgA-immunoglobulin (IgA Tro.), II. The amino acid sequence of the H-chain, alpha-type, subgroup III; structure of the complete IgA-molecule (author's transl)]. (1975)

The primary structure of a monoclonal human IgA-immunoglobulin has been determined. Sequence studies were carried out with the isolated L-chain [1], the isolated H-chain and with BrCN-fragments of the H-chain. Tryptic and chymotryptic peptides were prepared from the totally reduced and alkylated alpha-chain or from BrCN-fragments. Sequence work has been done with tryptic as well as chymotryptic peptides. The variable part comprised positions 1-119, the constant part residues 120-472. According to its homology with other variable parts alpha-chain Tro. clearly belongs to subgroup III of the H-chains. The constant part is composed of 3 homology regions (C1-C3) which originated from a common ancestor by repeated gene duplications early in evolution. Each homology region corresponds in its length and its sequence to the C-region of the L-chains. The hinge-region, which connects the C1- and the C2-region, originated from the C-terminal end of the C1-region by a twofold partial gene duplication comprising 8 amino acids. The C3-homology region is termined by an additional C-terminal piece of 18 residues. The alpha-chain 17 cysteine residues, 8 of which form the usual intrapeptidal loop S-S-bridges, and one the connection between the L- and H-chain. Two additional cysteine residues are located in the C1-region, and 5 more in the C2-region, forming intra- and inter-peptidal S-S-bonds.
Autoimmunity in intervertebral disc herniation: from bench to bedside (2013)

Targeting the TNF-α pathway has demonstrated controversial effects in the tested study population and available results only report a short-term follow-up. More confirmatory studies in terms of long-term clinical results, complications, more effective route of administration and cost-effective analysis are required to establish the real role of this biological therapy in the treatment of patients with disc herniation and neuropathy.
Role of chirality and optical purity in nucleic acid recognition by PNA and PNA analogs (2002)

Peptide nucleic acids are DNA mimics able to form duplexes with complementary DNA or RNA strands of remarkable affinity and selectivity. Oligopyrimidine PNA can displace one strand of dsDNA by forming PNA(2):DNA triplexes of very high stability. Many PNA analogs have been described in recent years, in particular, chiral PNA analogs. In the present article the results obtained recently using PNA derived from N-aminoethylamino acids 7 are illustrated. In particular, the dependence of optical purity on synthetic methodologies and a rationale for the observed effects of chirality on DNA binding ability is proposed. Chirality as a tool for improving sequence selectivity is also described. PNA analogs derived from D- or L-ornithine 8 were also found to be subjected to epimerization during solid phase synthesis. Modification of the coupling conditions or the use of a submonomeric strategy greatly reduced epimerization. The optically pure oligothymine PNAs 8 were found to bind to RNA by forming triplexes of unusual CD spectra. The melting curves of these adducts presented two transitions, suggesting a conformational change followed by melting at high temperature.
In Defense of Human Rights of Indigenous People (2010)

The nations of the world are generally shaped by a cultural diversity, which must be preserved. This leads to a fundamental and essential defense of indigenous groups and their human rights. The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of defending human rights of indigenous cucapa, natives settled in the northeast of the state of Baja California in the Delta of the Colorado River, especially with regards to their fishing rights, which is their main source of food and survival. The environmental laws that have been issued in the country have greatly affected them, banning commercial fishing in some areas and totally in many other areas, adding to that a not to subt1e performance by the appropriate regulation authorities, preventing them from fishing sea bass, hence their consumption and marketing, which is ref1ected in their socioeconomic status. For this reason and in response to this violation of their human rights, women have decided to enter a cucapa womb strike, which threatens the existence of the tribe by not reproducing.
The CXCL8/IL-8 chemokine family and its receptors in inflammatory diseases (2014)

Chemokines are small proteins that control several tissue functions, including cell recruitment and activation under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. CXCL8 (interleukin-8) is a member of the chemokine family that acts on CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors. CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL5, CXCL6, and CXCL7 are also ELR+ chemokine members that bind to these receptors, especially CXCR2. The majority of studies on the biology of CXCL8 and their receptors have been performed in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. However, many other cells express CXCR1/CXCR2, including epithelial, endothelial, fibroblasts and neurons, contributing to the biological effects of CXCL8. There is substantial amount of experimental data suggesting that CXCL8 and receptors contribute to elimination of pathogens, but may also contribute significantly to disease-associated processes, including tissue injury, fibrosis, angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. Here, we discuss the biology of CXCL8 family and the potential therapeutic use of antagonists or blockers of these molecules in the context of organ-specific diseases.
Xerostomia, Xerogenic Medications and Food Avoidances in Selected Geriatric Groups (1995)

Xerostomia apparently affects the ability to chew and start a swallow. This leads to avoidance of certain foods, which raises the possibility that xerostomia could contribute to undernutrition in older persons. The topically applied ipratropium and triamcinolone and the systemic agents amitriptyline, oxybutynin and triazolam could be statistically associated with one or more complaints of xerostomia.
Multiple Mechanisms Are Responsible for Altered Expression of Ornithine Decarboxylase in Overproducing Variant Cells (1986)

We selected and characterized a series of mouse S49 cell variants that overproduce ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). Previously, we described variants that have an amplified ODC gene and produce about 500-fold more ODC than the wild-type cells of origin (L. McConlogue and P. Coffino, J. Biol. Chem. 258:12083-12086, 1983). We examined a series of independent variants that overproduce ODC to a lesser degree and found that a number of mechanisms other than gene amplification are responsible for the increased ODC activity. Variants were selected for resistance to 0.1 mM difluoromethylornithine, an inhibitor of ODC, by either a single or a multistep process. All showed increased ODC activity and increased ODC mRNA steady-state levels. The half-life of the enzyme was not increased in any of the variants. In one class of variant the increase of ODC mRNA was sufficient to account for ODC overproduction. In a second class, the rate of synthesis of ODC polypeptide per ODC mRNA was at least four- to eightfold higher than that in wild-type cells. Therefore, these variants were altered in the translatability of ODC mRNA. Southern analysis showed that gene amplification does not account for the increased ODC mRNA levels in any of the variants. In both variant and wild-type cells, ODC activity was responsive to changes in polyamine pools; activity was reduced following augmentation of pool size. This change in activity was associated with modification of the rate of synthesis and degradation of ODC but no change in the level of ODC mRNA.
Studien über Aminosäuresynthesen. VIII. Diaminodicarbonsäuren und Oxyaminosäuren. (1908)

Bis vor wenigen Jahren war die Diaminobernsteinsäure die einzige bekannte Diaminodicarbonsäure. Sie wurde in dem Laboratorium
Human Proto-Oncogene c- jun Encodes a DNA Binding Protein with Structural and Functional Properties of Transcription Factor AP-1 (1987)

Nuclear oncogene products have the potential to induce alterations in gene regulation leading to the genesis of cancer. The biochemical mechanisms by which nuclear oncoproteins act remain unknown. Recently, an oncogene, v-jun, was found to share homology with the DNA binding domain of a yeast transcription factor, GCN4. Furthermore, GCN4 and the phorbol ester-inducible enhancer binding protein, AP-1, recognize very similar DNA sequences. The human proto-oncogene c-jun has now been isolated, and the deduced amino acid sequence indicates more than 80 percent identity with v-jun. Expression of cloned c-jun in bacteria produced a protein with sequence-specific DNA binding properties identical to AP-1. Antibodies raised against two distinct peptides derived from v-jun reacted specifically with human AP-1. In addition, partial amino acid sequence of purified AP-1 revealed tryptic peptides in common with the c-jun protein. The structural and functional similarities between the c-jun product and the enhancer binding protein suggest that AP-1 may be encoded by c-jun. These findings demonstrate that the proto-oncogene product of c-jun interacts directly with specific target DNA sequences to regulate gene expression, and therefore it may now be possible to identify genes under the control of c-jun that affect cell growth and neoplasia.
Structural Determinants of Selective Thyromimetics (2003)

The thyromimetic GC-1 shows a preference for binding the beta form of the thyroid hormone receptor (TR). GC-1 was designed as an analogue of the thyromimetic DIMIT, which has a lower affinity for TR and is not selective. GC-1 has a methylene group linking its two aromatic rings and an oxyacetic acid polar side chain, while DIMIT has an ether oxygen linking its aromatic rings and an l-alanine polar side chain. The structural features of GC-1 that confer its greater affinity and selectivity compared to DIMIT were analyzed with the preparation of analogues that bear only one of their two different structural features. The analogue of GC-1 with a biaryl ether has selectivity comparable to that of GC-1, while the analogue of DIMIT with a methylene group linking its aromatic rings is only slightly selective. These results demonstrate that the oxyacetic acid side chain of GC-1 is critical in conferring TR-beta selectivity.
Development of an ambulatory physical activity and behavior map monitoring system (2002)

To know where a subject is, what he does and how his physiological function responds in daily life, the authors have developed an ambulatory physical activity and behavior map monitoring system, which is a kind of portable microprocessor-based computer. Here the authors used two piezoresistive-type accelerometers to measure a subject's posture change and physical activities, and a GPS (Global Positioning System) sensor to get the subject's behavior map. This accelerometer can output the DC component of the acceleration change and by putting this sensor in front of the subject's waist, his posture change can be detected. This sensor also responds to the subject's action, and the authors tried to categorize this acceleration data for the subject's individual actions, like walking, getting on a vehicle and so on. The GPS sensor uses the information sent from space satellites orbiting the Earth, but some positioning error is embedded in this information for military purposes. The authors adopted the DGPS method to obtain more precisely the subject's location.
Investigation of small bowel transit time in man utilizing pulmonary hydrogen (H2) measurements. (1975)

Pulmonary H2 excretion was used to quantitate the small bowel transit time in man. This technique is based on the observation that H2 is produced when carbohydrate is fermented by colonic bacteria and that this H2 production is reflected by a concomitant increase in breath H2 excretion. The time, therefore, between ingestion of the unabsorbable disaccharide, lactulose, and the rise in breath H2 represents the small intestinal transit time of the head of the lactulose load as it passes through the gut. Following ingestion of a mixture of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and lactulose by 9 subjects, transit time measured by H2 excretion correlated closely with the simultaneously determined time for PEG to reach the distal ileum (r equals 0.97). The ileal appearance of PEG preceded the rise in H2 excretion by a mean of 7.6 minutes. Transit time of 19 Gm. of lactulose in 40 healthy subjects averaged 72 minutes (range 25 to 118). Studies repeated 3 to 5 times in 6 subjects showed good individual reproducibility with subsequent measurements differing from initial by a mean of plus or minus 14 per cent. There was an inverse relation between transit time and dose of lactulose ingested by 9 subjects with 5, 10 and 20 Gm. of lactulose having mean transit times of 128 plus or minus 19, 94 plus or minus 15, and 40 plus or minus 8 (S$M.) minutes, respectively. This technique appears to provide a simple, safe, and noninvasive means of studying small bowel transit time in man.
Organic Nonvolatile Memory Transistors for Flexible Sensor Arrays (2009)

Using organic transistors with a floating gate embedded in hybrid dielectrics that comprise a 2-nanometer-thick molecular self-assembled monolayer and a 4-nanometer-thick plasma-grown metal oxide, we have realized nonvolatile memory arrays on flexible plastic substrates. The small thickness of the dielectrics allows very small program and erase voltages (< or = 6 volts) to produce a large, nonvolatile, reversible threshold-voltage shift. The transistors endure more than 1000 program and erase cycles, which is within two orders of magnitude of silicon-based floating-gate transistors widely employed in flash memory. By integrating a flexible array of organic floating-gate transistors with a pressure-sensitive rubber sheet, we have realized a sensor matrix that detects the spatial distribution of applied mechanical pressure and stores the analog sensor input as a two-dimensional image over long periods of time.
Nuclear Import of Upf3p Is Mediated by Importin-α/-β and Export to the Cytoplasm Is Required for a Functional Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay Pathway in Yeast (2002)

Upf3p, which is required for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) in yeast, is primarily cytoplasmic but accumulates inside the nucleus when UPF3 is overexpressed or when upf3 mutations prevent nuclear export. Upf3p physically interacts with Srp1p (importin-alpha). Upf3p fails to be imported into the nucleus in a temperature-sensitive srp1-31 strain, indicating that nuclear import is mediated by the importin-alpha/beta heterodimer. Nuclear export of Upf3p is mediated by a leucine-rich nuclear export sequence (NES-A), but export is not dependent on the Crm1p exportin. Mutations identified in NES-A prevent nuclear export and confer an Nmd(-) phenotype. The addition of a functional NES element to an export-defective upf(-) allele restores export and partially restores an Nmd(+) phenotype. Our findings support a model in which the movement of Upf3p between the nucleus and the cytoplasm is required for a fully functional NMD pathway. We also found that overexpression of Upf2p suppresses the Nmd(-) phenotype in mutant strains carrying nes-A alleles but has no effect on the localization of Upf3p. To explain these results, we suggest that the mutations in NES-A that impair nuclear export cause additional defects in the function of Upf3p that are not rectified by restoration of export alone.
Studies of synthetic peptide analogs of the amphipathic helix. Correlation of structure with function. (1985)

The four peptide analogs of the amphipathic helix whose interactions with dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine were described in the preceding paper were compared with apolipoproteins (apo) A-I and A-II in ability to displace native apolipoprotein from high density lipoprotein (HDL) and in ability to activate lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. The rank order of the ability of the four peptide analogs to displace apo-A-I from intact HDL was 18A-Pro-18A greater than 18A greater than des-Val10-18A greater than reverse-18A, the same order suggested in the preceding paper for relative lipid affinities. Modified HDL from which 40% of the apo-A-I had been displaced by 18A was indistinguishable from unmodified HDL in its ability to act as a lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase substrate. This suggests that the easily displaced apo-A-I molecules in polydisperse HDL are relatively ineffectual as lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activators and/or 18A replaces the lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity lost. The peptide analog 18A-Pro-18A was found to be a powerful activator of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase when incubated with unilamellar egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) vesicles, reaching 140% of the activity of apo-A-I at a 1:1.75 peptide-to-egg PC ratio. In another experiment, it was found that discoidal egg PC complexes of 18A-Pro-18A, 18A, and des-Val10-18A, formed by cholate dialysis, had 30-45% of the activity of apo-A-I/egg PC discoidal complexes, also formed by cholate dialysis, at the same peptide/lipid weight ratio. Examination of the structures formed when the 18A-Pro-18A peptide was incubated with unilamellar egg PC vesicles indicated that the ability of 18A-Pro-18A to exceed apo-A-I in lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activating ability is due to the spontaneous conversion by 18A-Pro-18A of egg PC vesicles to small protein annulus-bilayer disc structures. Apo-A-I, apo-A-II, nor any of the other three peptide analogs of the amphipathic helix studied were able to convert a significant fraction of egg PC unilamellar vesicles to discoidal structures.
Labile conformation of type 2 Cu2+ centres in human ceruloplasmin (1991)

1. The investigation of human ceruloplasmin by spectral methods (EPR and spectrophotometry) demonstrated that type 2 Cu2(+)-containing centres occur not in one, but in two stable forms, differing in EPR and optical spectra. The differential optical spectra of these forms were recorded and the differences in molar absorption coefficients determined. 2. By the EPR method, it was shown that both forms of these centres exist in the blood serum of control donors, as well as in the serum of patients. The relative content of these forms depends on the organism physiological state or on the presence of some pathological condition. 3. The ferroxidase activity of ceruloplasmin against hemoglobin was proved spectrophotometrically. The involvement of other serum proteins in this process cannot be ruled out. The conformational state of ceruloplasmin molecules plays an essential role in its oxidase activity.
Reaction patterns of monoclonal antibodies to DNA. (1988)

Starting with spleen cells from MRL/lpr, NZB/W, and graft-vs-host-diseased mice, we prepared a total of 57 hybridomas that produce antibodies to DNA. Using various approaches, we studied the avidity of these monoclonals in relation to their behavior in four anti-DNA assays. From the results obtained, we postulate that on the basis of anti-DNA avidity the anti-DNA ELISA, the polyethylene glycol assay, the indirect immunofluorescence test on Crithidia luciliae, and the Farr assay (in this order) detect a decreasing amount of anti-dsDNA, the Farr assay being strictly selective for high avidity anti-dsDNA. mAb selected by the anti-DNA ELISA generally were of a low avidity toward DNA. Using cardiolipin and dextran sulfate, a polyanion that bears a resemblance in charge to DNA, we studied the cross-reactivity of the monoclonals. A total of 6 of the 57 monoclonals were found to cross-react with cardiolipin, and 26 with dextran sulfate. We observed an inverse relationship between anti-DNA avidity and cross-reactivity: the lower the avidity of the antibody, the more cross-reactive it is. Based on these findings, we postulate that it is at least questionable whether low avidity, cross-reactive (monoclonal) anti-DNA is representative for the anti-DNA found in patients with SLE.
Why Can’t We See Hydrogen in X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy? (2012)

Literature describing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) generally assumes that the reader will understand why the method cannot detect hydrogen atoms. On the other hand, students struggle finding the answer even after extensive literature search and reading.
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (1986)

Twenty-five cases with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) were studied. Senile plaques (SP) were present in all cases. In only eight cases which also displayed either SP (two cases), or both SP and Alzheimer's neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) (six cases), was there a history of dementia. In five cases, SP and NFT were observed without a history of dementia. Seven cases had significant cerebral hemorrhage, single or multiple, which could be related to CAA. Ten cases had cerebral infarcts, but only in seven of these cases could the infarcts be related to CAA. In five cases, with moderate to severe CAA and no history of dementia other distinctive vascular changes were also noted in the brain. These CAA-associated vasculopathies (CAA-AV) consisted of: clusters of multiple arteriolar lumina, the so-called "glomerular" formations, with various degrees of amyloid infiltration; aneurysmal vessels with amyloid infiltration; obliterative intimal changes; "double barreling", chronic inflammatory perivascular or transmural infiltrates; hyaline (nonamyloid) arteriolar degeneration, with or without aneurysmal dilatation; and fibrinoid necrotizing vascular change. In all five cases with CAA-AV, there were cerebral infarcts or hemorrhages which were considered to be direct complications of amyloid angiopathy, or of the vasculopathies developing secondary to the amyloid infiltration of vessel walls. It is possible that the associated vasculopathies represented secondary vascular changes that followed amyloid deposition in the blood vessel walls.
Impact of the Doping Method on Conductivity and Thermopower in Semiconducting Polythiophenes (2014)

The development of organic semiconductors for use in thermoelectrics requires the optimization of both their thermopower and electrical conductivity. Here two fundamentally different doping mechanisms are used to investigate the thermoelectric properties of known high hole mobility polymers: poly 3‐hexylthiophene (P3HT), poly(2,5 ‐ bis(3‐tetradecylthiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene) (PBTTT‐C 14 ), and poly(2,5‐bis(thiphen‐2‐yl)‐(3,7‐diheptadecantyltetrathienoacene)) (P2TDC 17 ‐FT4). The small molecule tetrafluorotetracyanoquinodimethane (F 4 TCNQ) is known to effectively dope these polymers, and the thermoelectric properties are studied as a function of the ratio of dopant to polymer repeat unit. Higher electrical conductivity and values of the thermoelectric power factor are achieved by doping with vapor‐deposited fluoroalkyl trichlorosilanes. The combination of these data reveals a striking relationship between thermopower and conductivity in thiophene‐based polymers over a large range of electrical conductivity that is independent of the means of electrical doping. This relationship is not predicted by commonly used transport models for semiconducting polymers and is demonstrated to hold for other semiconducting polymers as well.
Reactions of biomass pyrolysis oils over ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts (1987)

It has been shown that synthetic zeolites such as ZSM-5 can be used to convert oxygenated compounds derived from biomass materials into hydrocarbon compounds which can be used as fuels and chemical feedstocks. However, the pyrolysis oils obtained from woods by different thermoliquefaction processes show poor hydrocarbon yield and high tar content when contacted over ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts at high temperature. Since the pyrolysis oils are composed of a wide variety of oxygenated compounds such as cyclopentanone, furfural, phenol, acid and carbohydrate derivatives, it is difficult to point out exactly which family of compounds is contributing more to the observed tar content and to the deactivation of the catalysts.