gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of the Primary Structure of a Mouse IgG2a Immunoglobulin: Amino‐Acid Sequence of the Fc Fragment (1974)

The amino‐acid sequence of the Fc fragment of a mouse monoclonal IgG2a molecule is presented. With the exception of one deletion, this region possesses the same length as that of the human γ1 chain or that of the rabbit γ chain. Identities between the Fc fragments of 3 animal species (human, mouse and rabbit) average 50% and are markedly more pronounced for the C H 2 domain than for the C H 3 domain, observation which is in agreement with an independent evolution of each homology region. Strikingly, the degree of conservation of the v H region is of the same order of magnitude as that observed for the Fc fragment. This parallelism in evolution is discussed.
Initiation of Protein Synthesis by the Eukaryotic Translational Apparatus on Circular RNAs (1995)

The ribosome scanning model predicts that eukaryotic ribosomal 40S subunits enter all messenger RNAs at their 5' ends. Here, it is reported that eukaryotic ribosomes can initiate translation on circular RNAs, but only if the RNAs contain internal ribosome entry site elements. Long-repeating polypeptide chains were synthesized from RNA circles with continuous open reading frames. These results indicate that ribosomes can translate such RNA circles for multiple consecutive rounds and that the free 5' end of a messenger RNA is not necessarily the entry point for 40S subunits.
The5ESSSwitching System: Maintenance Capabilities (1985)

In developing the 5ESS™ switching system, a digital switch with distributed control, major emphasis has been placed on reliability, quality of service to the customer, and efficiency of the human interface for the telephone operating companies. To achieve a high-reliability design for this system, a robust hardware/software architecture has been developed with emphasis on a networking approach to functional maintenance organization. Building on this approach, a highly effective set of capabilities is provided for the detection and sectionalization of errors, and for recovery from software and hardware faults. Complete diagnostic aids are available, and flexible video display terminals provide an efficient and attractive means for telephone operating company personnel to interface to the system. Further, a wide range of automated, as well as manual, trunk and line test features are integrated into the system design; and interfaces to both local work stations and operational support systems provide a variety of options for efficient maintenance operation.
Targeted delivery of peptide epitopes to class I major histocompatibility molecules by a modified Pseudomonas exotoxin. (1993)

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) expressing the CD8 surface marker recognize peptides in association with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Although most peptides expressed on MHC class I molecules are derived from self- or virally encoded proteins, delivery of exogenous proteins to the cytosol can result in their being processed for presentation to CTLs on MHC class I molecules. We describe two fusion proteins (PEMa and PENP), consisting of the binding and translocating domains of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE), fused to peptide epitopes from influenza A matrix protein and nucleoprotein, respectively. These fusion proteins were internalized and processed by MHC class I-positive target cells, resulting in sensitization of target cells for lysis by peptide-specific CTLs. A point mutation known to interfere with intoxication by wild-type PE also reduced the ability of PEMa to sensitize target cells. Fusion of peptide or polypeptide epitopes with PE provides a potential means of eliciting CTLs without the use of self-replicating agents, as well as a useful probe for studying MHC class I-restricted antigen processing.
α7β1-Integrin regulates mechanotransduction and prevents skeletal muscle injury (2006)

Alpha7beta1-integrin links laminin in the extracellular matrix with the cell cytoskeleton and therein mediates transduction of mechanical forces into chemical signals. Muscle contraction and stretching ex vivo result in activation of intracellular signaling molecules that are integral to postexercise injury responses. Because alpha7beta1-integrin stabilizes muscle and provides communication between the matrix and cytoskeleton, the role of this integrin in exercise-induced cell signaling and skeletal muscle damage was assessed in wild-type and transgenic mice overexpressing the alpha7BX2 chain. We report here that increasing alpha7beta1-integrin inhibits phosphorylation of molecules associated with muscle damage, including the mitogen-activated protein kinases (JNK, p38, and ERK), following downhill running. Likewise, activation of molecules associated with hypertrophy (AKT, mTOR, and p70(S6k)) was diminished in mice overexpressing integrin. While exercise resulted in Evans blue dye-positive fibers, an index of muscle damage, increased integrin protected mice from injury. Moreover, exercise leads to an increase in alpha7beta1 protein. These experiments provide the first evidence that alpha7beta1-integrin is a negative regulator of mechanotransduction in vivo and provides resistance to exercise-induced muscle damage.
Agmatine Stimulates Hepatic Fatty Acid Oxidation (2006)

We demonstrated previously in a liver perfusion system that agmatine increases oxygen consumption as well as the synthesis of N-acetylglutamate and urea by an undefined mechanism. In this study our aim was to identify the mechanism(s) by which agmatine up-regulates ureagenesis. We hypothesized that increased oxygen consumption and N-acetylglutamate and urea synthesis are coupled to agmatine-induced stimulation of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. We used 13C-labeled fatty acid as a tracer in either a liver perfusion system or isolated mitochondria to monitor fatty acid oxidation and the incorporation of 13C-labeled acetyl-CoA into ketone bodies, tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, amino acids, and N-acetylglutamate. With [U-13C16] palmitate in the perfusate, agmatine significantly increased the output of 13C-labeled beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, and CO2, indicating stimulated fatty acid oxidation. The stimulation of [U-13C16]palmitate oxidation was accompanied by greater production of urea and a higher 13C enrichment in glutamate, N-acetylglutamate, and aspartate. These observations suggest that agmatine leads to increased incorporation and flux of 13C-labeled acetyl-CoA in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and to increased utilization of 13C-labeled acetyl-CoA for synthesis of N-acetylglutamate. Experiments with isolated mitochondria and 13C-labeled octanoic acid also demonstrated that agmatine increased synthesis of 13C-labeled beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, and N-acetylglutamate. The current data document that agmatine stimulates mitochondrial beta-oxidation and suggest a coupling between the stimulation of hepatic beta-oxidation and up-regulation of ureagenesis. This action of agmatine may be mediated via a second messenger such as cAMP, and the effects on ureagenesis and fatty acid oxidation may occur simultaneously and/or independently.
The tumor necrosis factor-inducible zinc finger protein A20 interacts with TRAF1/TRAF2 and inhibits NF-kappaB activation. (1996)

TRAF1 and TRAF2 form an oligomeric complex that associates with the cytoplasmic domains of various members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. TRAF2 action is required for activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB triggered by TNF and the CD40 ligand. Here we show that TRAF1 and TRAF2 interact with A20, a zinc finger protein, whose expression is induced by agents that activate NF-kappaB. Mutational analysis revealed that the N-terminal half of A20 interacts with the conserved C-terminal TRAF domain of TRAF1 and TRAF2. In cotransfection experiments, A20 blocked TRAF2-mediated NF-kappaB activation. A20 also inhibited TNF and IL-1-induced NF-kappaB activation, suggesting that it may inhibit NF-kappaB activation signaled by diverse stimuli. The ability of A20 to block NF-kappaB activation was mapped to its C-terminal zinc finger domain. Thus, A20 is composed of two functionally distinct domains, an N-terminal TRAF binding domain that recruits A20 to the TRAF2-TRAF1 complex and a C-terminal domain that mediates inhibition of NF-kappaB activation. Our findings suggest a possible molecular mechanism that could explain A20's ability to negatively regulate its own TNF-inducible expression.
Plasticity in the frequency representation of primary auditory cortex following discrimination training in adult owl monkeys (1993)

Previous studies have shown that the tonotopic organization of primary auditory cortex is altered subsequent to restricted cochlear lesions (Robertson and Irvine, 1989) and that the topographic reorganization of the primary somatosensory cortex is correlated with changes in the perceptual acuity of the animal (Recanzone et al., 1992a-d). Here we report an increase in the cortical area of representation of a restricted frequency range in primary auditory cortex of adult owl monkeys that is correlated with the animal's performance at a frequency discrimination task. Monkeys trained for several weeks to discriminate small differences in the frequency of sequentially presented tonal stimuli revealed a progressive improvement in performance with training. At the end of the training period, the tonotopic organization of Al was defined by recording multiple-unit responses at 70-258 cortical locations. These responses were compared to those derived from three normal monkeys and from two monkeys that received the same auditory stimuli but that were engaged in a tactile discrimination task. The cortical representation, the sharpness of tuning, and the latency of the response were greater for the behaviorally relevant frequencies of trained monkeys when compared to the same frequencies of control monkeys. The cortical area of representation was the only studied parameter that was correlated with behavioral performance. These results demonstrate that attended natural stimulation can modify the tonotopic organization of Al in the adult primate, and that this alteration is correlated with changes in perceptual acuity.
Retinoic acid upregulates cone arrestin expression in retinoblastoma cells through a Cis element in the distal promoter region. (2002)

The hCAR gene is transcriptionally upregulated by RA acting through cis elements within -852 to -702 of the hCAR 5' flanking region. Based on the cumulative data, RXRgamma is most likely the RA receptor subtype involved in hCAR regulation by RA.
Specific inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 by PD 0332991 and associated antitumor activity in human tumor xenografts (2004)

PD 0332991 is a highly specific inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4) (IC50, 0.011 micromol/L) and Cdk6 (IC50, 0.016 micromol/L), having no activity against a panel of 36 additional protein kinases. It is a potent antiproliferative agent against retinoblastoma (Rb)-positive tumor cells in vitro, inducing an exclusive G1 arrest, with a concomitant reduction of phospho-Ser780/Ser795 on the Rb protein. Oral administration of PD 0332991 to mice bearing the Colo-205 human colon carcinoma produces marked tumor regression. Therapeutic doses of PD 0332991 cause elimination of phospho-Rb and the proliferative marker Ki-67 in tumor tissue and down-regulation of genes under the transcriptional control of E2F. The results indicate that inhibition of Cdk4/6 alone is sufficient to cause tumor regression and a net reduction in tumor burden in some tumors.
Interaction of glycoprotein gIII with a cellular heparinlike substance mediates adsorption of pseudorabies virus (1990)

Glycoprotein gIII is one of the major envelope glycoproteins of pseudorabies virus (PrV) (Suid herpesvirus 1). Although it is dispensable for viral growth, it has been shown to play a prominent role in the attachment of the virus to target cells, since gIII- deletion mutants are severely impaired in adsorption (C. Schreurs, T. C. Mettenleiter, F. Zuckermann, N. Sugg, and T. Ben-Porat, J. Virol. 62:2251-2257, 1988). We show here that during the process of adsorption of PrV, the viral glycoprotein gIII interacts with a cellular heparinlike receptor. This conclusion is based on the following findings. (i) Heparin inhibits plaque formation of PrV by preventing the adsorption of wild-type virions to target cells. However, heparin does not interfere with the plaque formation of PrV mutants that lack glycoprotein gIII. (ii) Wild-type virions readily adsorb to matrix-bound heparin, whereas gIII- mutants do not. (iii) Pretreatment of cells with heparinase reduces considerably the ability of wild-type PrV to adsorb to these cells and to form plaques but does not negatively affect gIII- mutants. (iv) Glycoprotein gIII binds to heparin and appears to do so in conjunction with glycoprotein gII. Although heparin significantly reduces the adsorption of wild-type virus to all cell types tested, quantitative differences in the degree of inhibition of virus adsorption by heparin to different cell types were observed. Different cell types also retain their abilities to adsorb wild-type PrV to a different extent after treatment with heparinase and differ somewhat in their relative abilities to adsorb gIII- mutants. Our results show that while the primary pathway of adsorption of wild-type PrV to cells occurs via the interaction of viral glycoprotein gIII with a cellular heparinlike receptor, an alternative mode of adsorption, which is not dependent on either component, exists. Furthermore, the relative abilities of different cell types to adsorb PrV by the gIII-dependent or the alternative mode vary to some extent.
High peak power ytterbium-doped fiber amplifiers (2006)

We have tested a series of Ytterbium doped large core fibers operating near 10Kpps and producing pulses of approximately 1ns. We have achieved 0.85mJ/pulse resulting in peak powers in excess of 2MW with 0.4ns pulses and near diffraction limited beams. In another fiber, we have achieved over 1.5mJ/pulse with pulses of 900ps corresponding to 1.65MW of peak power and M<sup>2</sup> of 2.5. In the latter case, wall-plug efficiencies, excluding cooling of the pump diode lasers, in excess of 15% were also achieved. This fiber amplifier has operated for 2 months without any degradation or observed optical damage.
Effect of 1/f-type FM noise on semiconductor-laser linewidth residual in high-power limit (1989)

The FM-noise spectrum and the linewidth of 1.3 mu m DFB (distributed feedback) semiconductor lasers measured in the high-power state up to 20 mW are discussed. A 5-MHz residual linewidth is observed in the high-power limit. The FM-noise spectrum consists of white noise and 1/f noise. The spectral density of the white noise is reduced by the increase in the output power, whereas that of the 1/f noise is unchanged, which means that the linewidth residual in the high-power limit is caused by the 1/f noise rather than the white noise. The impact of the 1/f-type FM noise on coherent optical communication systems is also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Intra block copy in Versatile Video Coding with Reference Sample Memory Reuse (2019)

Screen contents such as online gaming streaming, remote desktop and WIFI display, become popular in current mainstream video applications. In versatile video coding (VVC), the most recent international video coding standard development, coding tools have been evaluated for optimizing screen content materials. Intra block copy (IBC) has shown its effectiveness in coding of computer-generated contents such as texts and graphics. Therefore, it has been previously included into the HEVC standard version 4, extensions for screen content coding (SCC). A constrained version of IBC mode has also been adopted in the VVC standard where the compensation range is limited within the current coding-tree unit (CTU), assuming a 1-CTU size of memory is allocated for storing IBC’s reference samples. In this paper, methods are proposed to efficiently utilize this reference sample memory for IBC mode such that effectively the search range for IBC mode can be increased without requiring more memory to store the reference samples. As a result, significant coding efficiency improvement over the traditional 1-CTU search range setting can be achieved. One of the proposed memory reuse strategies is considered practical for implementation and therefore has been included in the VVC standard.
Type II alveolar epithelial cells and interstitial fibroblasts express connective tissue growth factor in IPF (2001)

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a growth and chemotactic factor for fibroblasts encoded by an immediate early gene that is transcriptionally activated by transforming growth factor-beta. Previous studies have shown that both CTGF messenger ribonuclear acid (mRNA) and protein are expressed in renal fibrosis and bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. The aim of the present study was to investigate the localization of CTGF protein and its mRNA expression in the fibrotic lung tissue of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Using human fibrotic lung tissue obtained from eight autopsy cases and four biopsy cases with IPF, immunohistochemical staining, in situ hybridization, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed. The cellular immunoreactivity for CTGF was markedly increased in the lung tissue of patients with IPF, compared to normal lungs. The immunolocalization of CTGF was confined predominantly to proliferating type II alveolar epithelial cells and activated fibroblasts. In the normal lung, type II alveolar epithelial cells stained for CTGF were sparsely distributed. CTGF mRNA was localized in proliferating type II alveolar epithelial cells and activated fibroblasts in the interstitium of fibrotic lung tissues. RT-PCR analysis showed that CTGF mRNA was expressed at a higher level in fibrotic lungs than in normal lungs. In both an autocrine and a paracrine manner, type II alveolar epithelial cells and activated fibroblasts may play a critical role in pulmonary fibrosis by producing connective tissue growth factor which modulates fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix production.
LA CITE SANS DIEU (CITY WITHOUT GOD) (2014)

The power of science is dazzling: to create and clone life in the laboratory, to send words and pictures thousands of miles away by the touch of a button, etc. Today we live in a world of spaceship, of satellite, of computer and the test tube. Advances in genetic engineering have given us the power to intervene in the structure of DNA, the stuff of life itself. So in a way we are Godlike in our achievements, with the power to create and to destroy. However, it has become necessary to temper the scientific progress by the moral imperative, and to add Divine wisdom to human knowledge. To exclude God from human calculations, and to rely solely on human power, without seeking to do the will of our creator, is to build a Tower of Babel, which in itself is a symbol of self-destructive human arrogance. Therefore, religion must be seen to be very relevant and vital in our age and time, for it testifies to the spiritual values of truth, justice, love and peace, which alone can form a sound basis for lasting human fulfilment.
The Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Sugar Alcohols1 (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTThe Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Sugar Alcohols1J. W. E. Glattfeld and Solomon GershonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1938, 60, 9, 2013–2023Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1938https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01276a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01276a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views204Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Glucose metabolism in lymphocytes is a regulated process with significant effects on immune cell function and survival (2008)

Lymphocytes require glucose uptake and metabolism for normal survival and function. The signals that regulate the expression and localization of glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) to allow glucose uptake in T cells are now beginning to be understood. Resting T cells require extracellular signals, such as cytokines, hormones, and growth factors, or low-level TCR stimulation to take up adequate glucose to maintain housekeeping functions. In the absence of extrinsic signals, resting T cells internalize and degrade Glut1 and cannot maintain viability. Activated T cells have dramatically increased metabolic requirements to support the energy and biosynthetic needs necessary for growth, proliferation, and effector function. In particular, glucose metabolism and aerobic glycolysis fuel this demand. Therefore, activation of T cells causes a large increase in Glut1 expression and surface localization. If glucose uptake is limited, glycolytic flux decreases to a level that no longer sustains viability, and proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members become activated, promoting cell death. However, excessive glucose uptake can promote hyperactive immune responses and possible immune pathology. Tight regulation of glucose uptake is required to maintain immune homeostasis, and understanding of these metabolic pathways may lead to therapeutic strategies to target some forms of cancer or autoimmunity.
Kinetics of the oxidation of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane in the gas phase (1976)

I. M. T. Davidson and J. F. Thompson, J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 1, 1976, 72, 1088 DOI: 10.1039/F19767201088
New Type of Metalloproteinase Inhibitor:  Design and Synthesis of New Phosphonamide-Based Hydroxamic Acids (2002)

A series of phosphonamide-based hydroxamate derivatives were synthesized, and the inhibitory activities were evaluated against various metalloproteinases in order to clarify its selectivity profile. Among the four diastereomeric isomers resulting from the chirality at the C-3 and P atoms, the compound with a (R,R)-configuration both at the C-3 position and the phosphorus atom was found to be potently active, while the other diastereomeric isomers were almost inactive. A number of (R,R)-compounds synthesized here exhibited broad spectrum activities with nanomolar K(i) values against MMP-1, -3, -9, and TACE and also showed nanomolar IC(50) values against HB-EGF shedding in a cell-based inhibition assay. The modeling study using X-ray structure of MMP-3 suggested the possible binding mode of the phosphonamide-based inhibitors.