gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The increase in bilayer fluidity of rat liver plasma membranes achieved by the local anesthetic benzyl alcohol affects the activity of intrinsic membrane enzymes. (1980)

Electron spin resonance studies on liver plasma membranes probed with a low concentration of 5-nitroxide stearate, 1(12,3), demonstrated that the local anesthetic benzyl alcohol increased the lipid fluidity, as indicated by decreases in the order parameter S. The fluidization commenced around 10 rn benzyl alcohol and increased up to the highest concentration tested (100 m).A lipid phase separation was identified between 19" and 28°C in 1(12,3)-1abeled liver membranes from Arrhenius-type plots of S. Both the onset and ending temperatures of the phase separation were lowered 6°C by 40 m M benzyl alcohol.At 37"C, low benzyl alcohol concentrations progressively activated the hepatic plasma membrane enzymes, glucagon-stimulated adenylate cyclase, basal adenylate cyclase, 5'-nucleotidase, cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase, and Na+,K+-ATPase.Fluoride-stimulated adenylate cyclase was also activated by low benzyl aicohol concentrations (up to 30 mM), except for an initial inhibition at 5 to 10 mM.Increasing the alcohol concentration above that which maximally stirnurated each of the above enzyme activities effected a progressive reversible inhibition.We propose that the stimulation of the membrane-bound enzymes at low benzyl alcohol concentrations was due to a fluidization of the lipid bilayer.The inhibition of enzyme activities observed at higher alcohol concentratians, which were not paralleled by such decreases in the activity of Lubrol-solubilized enzymes, is attributed to a displacement of lipid from around the enzymes (annular lipid) by benzyl alcohol.Membrane-bound and Lubrol PX-solubilized phosphodiesterase 1 were activated by benzyI aIcohoI (up to 100 mM) to similar degrees.On the other hand, benzyl alcohol did not increase the activity of either membrane-bound or Lubrol PX-solubilized Mg+-ATPase, but was instead a potent inhibitor of this activity in both preparations.These data indicate that membranebound phosphodiesterase 1 and Md'-ATPase are rela-
Resonant magnetoelectric coupling in trilayers of ferromagnetic alloys and piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate: The influence of bias magnetic field (2005)

We present the first data and theory for the bias magnetic field dependence of magnetoelectric coupling in the electromechanical resonance (EMR) region for ferromagnetic-piezoelectric heterostructures. Trilayers of Permendur, a $\mathrm{Co}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Fe}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{V}$ alloy, and lead zirconate titanate were studied. Measurements of the magnetoelectric (ME) voltage coefficient ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{E}$ indicate a strong ME coupling in the low-frequency range and a giant ME effect due to EMR at $200--300\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{kHz}$ for radial modes and at $\ensuremath{\sim}2.7\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz}$ for thickness modes. Data were obtained for the bias field $H$ dependence of two key parameters, the EMR frequency ${f}_{r}$ and the ME coefficient ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{E,R}$ at resonance. With increasing $H$, an increase in ${f}_{r}$ and a rapid rise and fall in ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{E,R}$ are measured. In our model we consider two mechanisms for the magnetic field influence on ME interactions: (i) a shift in the EMR frequency due to changes in compliance coefficients ($\ensuremath{\Delta}E$ effect) and (ii) variation in the piezomagnetic coefficient that manifests as a change in ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{E,R}$. Theoretical profiles of ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{E}$ vs frequency and estimates of frequency shift based on the $\ensuremath{\Delta}E$ effect are in excellent agreement with the data.
A global calibration model for EPIDs used for transit dosimetry (2007)

Electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs) are not only applied for patient setup verification and detection of organ motion but are also increasingly used for dosimetric verification. The aim of our work is to obtain accurate dose distributions from a commercially available amorphous silicon (a-Si) EPID for transit dosimetry applications. For that purpose, a global calibration model was developed, which includes a correction procedure for ghosting effects, field size dependence and energy dependence of the a-Si EPID response. In addition, the long-term stability and additional buildup material for this type of EPID were determined. Differences in EPID response due to photon energy spectrum changes have been measured for different absorber thicknesses and field sizes, yielding off-axis spectrum correction factors based on transmission measurements. Dose measurements performed with an ionization chamber in a water tank were used as reference data, and the accuracy of the dosimetric calibration model was determined for a large range of treatment conditions. Gamma values using 3% as dose-difference criterion and 3 mm as distance-to-agreement criterion were used for evaluation. The field size dependence of the response could be corrected by a single kernel, fulfilling the gamma evaluation criteria in case of virtual wedges and intensity modulated radiation therapy fields. Differences in energy spectrum response amounted up to 30%-40%, but could be reduced to less than 3% using our correction model. For different treatment fields and (in)homogeneous phantoms, transit dose distributions satisfied in almost all situations the gamma criteria. We have shown that a-Si EPIDs can be accurately calibrated for transit dosimetry purposes.
Molecularly Smooth Single-Crystalline Films of Thiophene–Phenylene Co-Oligomers Grown at the Gas–Liquid Interface (2014)

Single crystals of thiophene–phenelyne co-oligomers (TPCOs) have previously shown their potential for organic optoelectronics. Here we report on solution growth of large-area thin single-crystalline films of TPCOs at the gas–liquid interface by using solvent–antisolvent crystallization, isothermal slow solvent evaporation, and isochoric cooling. The studied co-oligomers contain identical conjugated core (5,5′-diphyenyl-2,2′-bithiophene) and different terminal substituents, fluorine, trimethylsilyl, or trifluoromethyl. The fabricated films are molecularly smooth over areas larger than 10 × 10 μm2, which is of high importance for organic field-effect devices. The low-defect structure of the TPCO crystals is suggested from the monoexponential kinetics of the PL decay measured in a wide dynamic range (up to four decades) and from low crystal mosaicity assessed by microfocus X-ray diffraction. The TPCO crystal structure is solved using a combination of X-ray and electron diffraction. The terminal substituents affect the crystal structure of TPCOs, bringing about the formation of a noncentrosymmetric crystal lattice with a crystal symmetry Cc for the bulkiest trimethylsilyl terminal groups, which is unusual for linear conjugated oligomers. Comparing the different crystal growth techniques, it is concluded that the solvent–antisolvent crystallization is the most robust for fabrication of single-crystalline TPCOs films. The possible nucleation and crystallization mechanisms operating at the gas–solution interface are discussed.
Expression of T Cell Antigen Receptor Heterodimers in a Lipid-Linked Form (1990)

The interaction of the T cell receptor for antigen (TCR) with its antigen-major histocompatibility complex ligand is difficult to study because both are cell surface multimers. The TCR consists of two chains (alpha and beta) that are complexed to the five or more nonpolymorphic CD3 polypeptides. A soluble form of the TCR was engineered by replacing the carboxyl termini of alpha and beta with signal sequences from lipid-linked proteins, making them susceptible to enzymatic cleavage. In this manner, TCR heterodimers can be expressed independently of the CD3 polypeptides and in significant quantities (0.5 milligram per week). This technique seems generalizable to biochemical and structural studies of many other cell surface molecules as well.
Uppsala Screw Fixation Versus the von Bahr Technique in Displaced Cervical Hip Fractures (1989)

A study of 75 patients with displaced cervical hip fractures was done utilizing two different multiple pinning techniques with threaded screws. One was the refined method of internal fixation by which the strongest bone of the femoral head was utilized to increase the stability of the fracture, and the other was the von Bahr method. As much as possible, other factors influencing healing were standardized in both groups. Forty-three of the patients were treated with the refined method and 32 with the von Bahr method. Complications occurred in 5 of 43 patients in the group treated with the new method, compared with 12 of 32 patients in the von Bahr group. Early redisplacement and nonunion were more common in the von Bahr group. Late segmental collapse was the same in both groups. In our opinion the early complications of redisplacement and nonunion are due to poor stability of the fracture. With the new, refined method, it is possible to reduce these complications.
Rec (Formerly Corf) Function Requires Interaction with a Complex, Folded RNA Structure within Its Responsive Element rather than Binding to a Discrete Specific Binding Site (2001)

It was recently reported that the human endogenous retrovirus HTDV/HERV-K encodes the regulatory protein Rec (formerly designated Corf), which is functionally equivalent to the nuclear export adapter proteins Rev of human immunodeficiency virus and Rex of human T-cell leukemia virus. We have demonstrated that the Rec protein interacts with a characteristic 429-nucleotide RNA element, the Rec-responsive element (RcRE), present in the 3' long terminal repeat of HTDV/HERV-K transcripts. In analogy to the Rev and Rex proteins, which have distinct RNA binding sites in their responsive elements, we have proposed that Rec may also have a defined binding site in the RcRE. In this report, we demonstrate that not every HTDV/HERV-K copy present in the human genome contains an active RcRE, and we characterize mutations that abrogate Rec function. In addition, we demonstrate that Rec function requires binding to a complex, folded RNA structure rather than binding to a discrete specific binding site, in contrast to Rev and Rex and their homologous responsive elements. We define four stem-loop structures in the RcRE that are essential for Rec function. Finally, we demonstrate that both Rev and Rex can mediate nuclear export through the RcRE but that their binding sites are different from each other and from that of Rec.
FACTOR XIA IN COMPLEX WITH THE INHIBITOR methyl [(3R,7S)-7-{[5-amino-1-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonyl]amino}-3-methyl-2-oxo-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-12,8-(metheno)-1,9-benzodiazacyclotetradecin-15-yl]carbamate (2019)

Factor XIa (FXIa) inhibitors are promising novel anticoagulants, which show excellent efficacy in preclinical thrombosis models with minimal effects on hemostasis. The discovery of potent and selective FXIa inhibitors which are also orally bioavailable has been a challenge. Here, we describe optimization of the imidazole-based macrocyclic series and our initial progress toward meeting this challenge. A two-pronged strategy, which focused on replacement of the imidazole scaffold and the design of new P1 groups, led to the discovery of potent, orally bioavailable pyridine-based macrocyclic FXIa inhibitors. Moreover, pyridine-based macrocycle <b>19</b>, possessing the phenylimidazole carboxamide P1, exhibited excellent selectivity against relevant blood coagulation enzymes and displayed antithrombotic efficacy in a rabbit thrombosis model.
Does Angiotensin Play a Role in Human Fetal Erythropoiesis? (1997)

Angiotensin affects the growth of many cell types and there have been suggestions that it could influence cells which respond to erythropoietin. During first trimester, human fetal haematopoietic cells are exquisitely responsive to erythropoietin and we have assessed the potential for angiotensin to also influence the growth of these cell types in a standard culture system. The data obtained from these studies indicate that angiotensin does not influence fetal haematopoiesis over a range of concentrations.
Sources of PCR-induced distortions in high-throughput sequencing data sets (2015)

PCR permits the exponential and sequence-specific amplification of DNA, even from minute starting quantities. PCR is a fundamental step in preparing DNA samples for high-throughput sequencing. However, there are errors associated with PCR-mediated amplification. Here we examine the effects of four important sources of error-bias, stochasticity, template switches and polymerase errors-on sequence representation in low-input next-generation sequencing libraries. We designed a pool of diverse PCR amplicons with a defined structure, and then used Illumina sequencing to search for signatures of each process. We further developed quantitative models for each process, and compared predictions of these models to our experimental data. We find that PCR stochasticity is the major force skewing sequence representation after amplification of a pool of unique DNA amplicons. Polymerase errors become very common in later cycles of PCR but have little impact on the overall sequence distribution as they are confined to small copy numbers. PCR template switches are rare and confined to low copy numbers. Our results provide a theoretical basis for removing distortions from high-throughput sequencing data. In addition, our findings on PCR stochasticity will have particular relevance to quantification of results from single cell sequencing, in which sequences are represented by only one or a few molecules.
Susceptibility of Field Populations of Beet Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Commercial and Experimental Insecticides (1998)

Susceptibility of field-collected strains of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), to commercial and experimental insecticides was evaluated in a diet overlay bioassay by using 2-d-old larvae. Larvae were collected from cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., fields in Alabama, California, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas, and from Rio Bravo, Mexico. Several field strains exhibited reduced susceptibility to chlorpymos and thiodicarb, which are the only 2 labeled insecticides recommended for beet armyworm control in Louisiana. In chlorpyrifos bioassays, 7 of the 11 field strains had significantly higher LC50s than the reference strain from the Southern Insect Management Laboratory at Stoneville, MS. In thiodicarb bioassays, 3 of the 10 field strains had significantly higher LC50s than the reference strain. Generally, LC50s of field strains to the experimental insecticides chlorfenapyr, spinosad, and tebufenozide were comparable to those of the reference strain. In chlorfenapyr bioassays, a field strain from Red Cross, LA, had a significantly higher LC50 than the reference strain. In spinosad bioassays, 3 field strains had LC50s that were significantly lower than the reference strain. In tebufenozide bioassays, a field strain from Starkville, MS, had a significantly higher LC50 than the reference strain.
Enhanced Antioxidant Activities of Metal Conjugates of Curcumin Derivatives (2001)

Antioxidant properties of three Curcumin derivatives in which the 1,3-diketone system is appended with nitrogen and sulfur donors and their copper conjugates are examined for the first time. Metal conjugation seems to offer distinct advantages in radical scavenging activities of curcumin compounds.
Synergistic Regulation of Immunoreceptor Signaling by SLP-76-Related Adaptor Clnk and Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase HPK-1 (2001)

Recently, the identification of Clnk, a third member of the SLP-76 family of adaptors expressed exclusively in cytokine-stimulated hemopoietic cells, has been reported by us and by others. Like SLP-76 and Blnk, Clnk was shown to act as a positive regulator of immunoreceptor signaling. Interestingly, however, it did not detectably associate with known binding partners of SLP-76, including Vav, Nck, and GADS. In contrast, it became complexed in activated T cells and myeloid cells with an as yet unknown tyrosine-phosphorylated polypeptide of approximately 92 kDa (p92). In order to understand better the function of Clnk, we sought to identify the Clnk-associated p92. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen and cotransfection experiments with Cos-1 cells, evidence was adduced that p92 is HPK-1, a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase expressed in hemopoietic cells. Further studies showed that Clnk and HPK-1 were also associated in hemopoietic cells and that their interaction was augmented by immunoreceptor stimulation. A much weaker association was detected between HPK-1 and SLP-76. Transient transfections in Jurkat T cells revealed that Clnk and HPK-1 cooperated to increase immunoreceptor-mediated activation of the interleukin 2 (IL-2) promoter. Moreover, the ability of Clnk to stimulate IL-2 promoter activity could be blocked by expression of a kinase-defective version of HPK-1. Lastly we found that in spite of the differential ability of Clnk and SLP-76 to bind cellular proteins, Clnk was apt at rescuing immunoreceptor signaling in a Jurkat T-cell variant lacking SLP-76. Taken together, these results show that Clnk physically and functionally interacts with HPK-1 in hemopoietic cells. Moreover, they suggest that Clnk is capable of functionally substituting for SLP-76 in immunoreceptor signaling, albeit by using a distinct set of intracellular effectors.
BEST: a BiCMOS-compatible super-self aligned ECL technology (2002)

A 1.5- mu m design rule bipolar technology has been extracted from the NOVA process. This BiCMOS-compatible technology has been named BEST (bipolar enhanced self-aligned technology). ECL propagation delays of 87 ps at a power level of 2 mW/gate have been obtained. Because the active regions are not exposed to any RIE etches prior to emitter poly deposition, the crystalline and junction qualities are excellent. The result is an ultra-high-speed bipolar technology which also incorporates NPNs, PNPs, Schottky diodes, and polysilicon resistors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Electrical and Magnetic Properties in Bi2Sr2Ca1-xYxCu2O8+δ (1988)

Electrical and magnetic properties were examined on Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 1- x Y x Cu 2 O 8+δ . A solid solution was confirmed in this system for x between 0 and 1. With increasing Y, the superconducting transition shifted toward lower temperatures, and a transition to an antiferromagnetic insulator was observed. Since the oxygen content was not influenced by Y substitution, the decrease in T c and the transition to AFI seemed to be attributed to the decrease in the hole concentration in the Cu-O level.
The mathematical theory and applications of biorthogonal Coifman wavelet systems (1996)

In this thesis, we present a theoretical study of biorthogonal Coifman wavelet systems, a family of biorthogonal wavelet systems with vanishing moments equally distributed between scaling functions and wavelet functions. One key property of these wavelet systems is that they provide nice wavelet sampling approximation with exponential decay. Moreover they are compactly supported, symmetric, have growing smoothness with large degrees, and converge to the sinc wavelet system. Using a time domain design method, the exact formulas of the coefficients of biorthogonal Coifman wavelet systems of all degrees are obtained. An attractive feature behind it is that all the coefficients are dyadic rational, which means that we can implement a very fast multiplication-free discrete wavelet transform, which consists of only addition and shift operations, on digital computers. The transform coding performance of biorthogonal Coifman wavelet systems is quite comparable to other widely used wavelet systems. The orthogonal counterparts, orthogonal Coifman wavelet systems, are also discussed in this thesis.\nIn addition we develop a new wavelet-based embedded image coding algorithm, the Wavelet-Difference-Reduction algorithm. Unlike zerotree type schemes which use spatial orientation tree structures to implicitly locate the significant wavelet transform coefficients, this new algorithm is a direct approach to find the positions of significant coefficients. It combines the discrete wavelet transform, differential coding, binary reduction, ordered bit plane transmission, and adaptive arithmetic coding. The encoding can be stopped at any point, which allows a target rate or distortion metric to be met exactly; the decoder can also terminate the decoding at any point, and produce a corresponding reconstruction image. Our algorithm provides a fully embedded code to successively approximate the original image source; thus it's well suited for progressive image transmission. It is very simple in its form (which will make the encoding and decoding very fast), and has a clear geometric structure, which enables us to process the image data in the compressed wavelet domain. The image coding results of it are quite competitive with almost all previous reported image compression algorithms on standard test images.
Response of the Rabbit Lung as a Criterion of Safety for Fluorocarbon Breathing and Blood Substitutes (1992)

From the first liquid breathing experiments until now, the lung, not surprisingly, has played a central role in the evolution of fluorocarbon blood substitutes. The first breathable fluorocarbon, a mixture of F-alkylfurans(FC75), bp 102 degrees C, while a poor solvent for the lung's lining and a good solvent for oxygen and carbon dioxide, proved to cause a characteristic gas/vapor microbubble embolism following intravenous administration as an emulsion. Higher boiling fluorocarbons, e.g. F-tributylamine (FC47), bp 174 degrees C, do not produce such gas-vapor emboli. However, intermediate boiling compounds such as F-decalin (PP5), bp 141 degrees C, produce lungs which, although they certainly appear not to contain microbubble emboli, do not collapse when the thorax is opened. Such hyperinflated non-collapsible lungs (HNCL) occur in the rabbit after the intravenous infusion of F-decalin emulsions as well as after the intratracheal infusion of F-decalin neat liquid. F-decalin induced HNCL retain their appearance and low specific gravity for many weeks, gradually returning toward normal after many months. F-methyl decalin, bp 165 degrees C, does not cause HNCL after intravascular or intratracheal administration. Fluorocarbons having boiling points between 140 degrees C and 165 degrees C are being tested in order to find a perfluorinate with the highest transpiration rate, and hence vapor pressure, compatible with an acceptable body dwell time. We have given fluorocarbons intratracheally to 75, intravenously to 221 and both intratracheally and intravenously to 8 rabbits. Free radical trapping agents, antineutrophil, antiinflammatory and other drugs have been administered without appreciable decrease of HNCL. Fluorocarbon critical solution temperature, lipid solubility, emulsifiability, and other physicochemical properties may mediate the pulmonary effect. One method of preventing and treating low dose F-decalin-induced HNCL in rabbits is described.