gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analgesic properties of the tetrahydrocannabinols, their metabolites, and analogs (1975)

The tetrahydrocannabinols from marihuana were found to have moderate analgesic activity in mice by the hot-plate test (sc administration). Of the several metabolites of these two compounds tested, only the 11-hydroxy derivatives were more potent than the parent compounds. Analogs 1 and 2 (9-demethyl relatives which cannot be metabolized to 11-hydroxy compounds), both of which produce a pharmacological profile generally similar to that of delta8- and delta9-THC, were analgesically inert. This suggests that metabolism to 11-hydroxy congeners may be necessary for the mediation of analgesic activity in the mouse hot-plate test but not for other pharmacologic effects produced by these substances which we have examined.
Acceleration of Levenberg-Marquardt training of neural networks with variable decay rate (2004)

In the application of the standard Levenberg-Marquardt training process of neural networks, error oscillations are frequently observed and they usually aggravate on approaching the required accuracy. In this paper, a modified Levenberg-Marquardt method based on variable decay rate in each iteration is proposed in order to reduce such error oscillations. Through a certain variation of the decay rate, the time required for training of neural networks is cut down to less than half of that required in the standard Levenberg-Marquardt method. Several numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A Mouse to Human Search for Plasma Proteome Changes Associated with Pancreatic Tumor Development (2008)

Our findings indicate that GEM models of cancer, in combination with in-depth proteomic analysis, provide a useful strategy to identify candidate markers applicable to human cancer with potential utility for early detection.
Multiplexed activation of endogenous genes by CRISPR-on, an RNA-guided transcriptional activator system (2013)

Technologies allowing for specific regulation of endogenous genes are valuable for the study of gene functions and have great potential in therapeutics. We created the CRISPR-on system, a two-component transcriptional activator consisting of a nuclease-dead Cas9 (dCas9) protein fused with a transcriptional activation domain and single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) with complementary sequence to gene promoters. We demonstrate that CRISPR-on can efficiently activate exogenous reporter genes in both human and mouse cells in a tunable manner. In addition, we show that robust reporter gene activation in vivo can be achieved by injecting the system components into mouse zygotes. Furthermore, we show that CRISPR-on can activate the endogenous IL1RN, SOX2, and OCT4 genes. The most efficient gene activation was achieved by clusters of 3-4 sgRNAs binding to the proximal promoters, suggesting their synergistic action in gene induction. Significantly, when sgRNAs targeting multiple genes were simultaneously introduced into cells, robust multiplexed endogenous gene activation was achieved. Genome-wide expression profiling demonstrated high specificity of the system.
Recursive Feature Selection Based on Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevancy (2010)

Minimum redundancy maximum relevancy (mRMR) is one of the successful criteria used by many feature selection techniques to evaluate the discriminating abilities of the features. We combined dynamic sample space with mRMR and proposed a new feature selection method. In each iteration, the weighted mRMR values are calculated on dynamic sample space consisting of the current unlabelled samples. The feature with the largest weighted mRMR value among those which can improve the classification performance is preferred to be selected. Five public data sets were used to demonstrate the superiority of our method.
Effect of surface curvature on stability, thermodynamic behavior, and osmotic activity of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine single lamellar vesicles (1981)

The size and surface curvature dependence of the properties and stability of single lamellar vesicles have been investigated by using a variety of physicochemical techniques. Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine single lamellar vesicles of sizes ranging between 200 and 900 A in diameter have been prepared by the French press method and characterized with respect to their size distribution, stability, and thermotropic behavior by negative stain electron microscopy, molecular sieve chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. Vesicles with a diameter smaller than 400 A are unstable below their transition temperature and fuse spontaneously to form larger single lamellar vesicles. Correlation analysis of experimentally obtained size distributions and calorimetric phase transitions profiles allowed estimation of the size dependence of the transition temperature. The phase transition temperature depends on the vesicle size in a sigmoidal fashion. Throughout the entire 200-700 A diamter range, the phase transition parameters are sensitive to size; however, the size dependence is especially pronounced around 400 A in diameter. The anomalous size dependence of the transition temperature for vesicles smaller than 400 A in diameter has been attributed to a decrease in the effective bilayer curvature due to packing rearrangements of the lipid molecules. Changes in the fractional degree of self-quenching of trapped 6-carboxyfluorescein induced by osmotic stress indicate that large single lamellar vesicles are not spherical under isoosmotic conditions. These vesicles are relatively flexible and can sustain almost a 2-fold increase in their internal aqueous volume without any leakage of the internal content.
Human Peripheral Blood Eosinophils Express a Functional c-kit Receptor for Stem Cell Factor that Stimulates Very Late Antigen 4 (VLA-4)–mediated Cell Adhesion to Fibronectin and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (VCAM-1) (1997)

We evaluated mature peripheral blood eosinophils for their expression of the surface tyrosine kinase, c-kit, the receptor for the stromal cell-derived cytokine, stem cell factor (SCF). Cytofluorographic analysis revealed that c-kit was expressed on the purified peripheral blood eosinophils from 8 of 8 donors (4 nonatopic and 4 atopic) (mean channel fluorescence intensity 2.0- 3. 6-fold, average 2.8 +/- 0.6-fold, greater than the negative control). The uniform and selective expression of c-kit by eosinophils was confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis of peripheral blood buffy coats. The functional integrity of c-kit was demonstrated by the capacity of 100 ng/ml (5 nM) of recombinant human (rh) SCF to increase eosinophil adhesion to 3, 10, and 30 microg/ml of immobilized FN40, a 40-kD chymotryptic fragment of plasma fibronectin, in 15 min by 7.7 +/- 1.4-, 5.3 +/- 3.3-, and 5.4 +/- 0. 2-fold, respectively, and their adhesion to 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 microg/ml vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), by 12.7 +/- 9. 2-, 3.8 +/- 2.5-, and 1.7 +/- 0.6-fold, respectively. The SCF-stimulated adhesion occurred without concomitant changes in surface integrin expression, thereby indicating an avidity-based mechanism. rhSCF (100 ng/ml, 5 nM) was comparable to rh eotaxin (200 ng/ml, 24 nM) in stimulating adhesion. Cell adhesion to FN40 was completely inhibited with antibodies against the alpha4 and beta1 integrin subunits, revealing that the SCF/c-kit adhesion effect was mediated by a single integrin heterodimer, very late antigen 4 (VLA-4). Thus, SCF represents a newly recognized stromal ligand for the activation of eosinophils for VLA-4-mediated adhesion, which could contribute to the exit of these cells from the blood, their tissue localization, and their prominence in inflammatory lesions.
Relationship between adhesive thickness and microtensile bond strength. (2001)

This study evaluated the effect of the thickness of the adhesive resin layer of two commercially available resin bonding systems on bond strengths (Single Bond and Liner Bond 2V). The adhesive of Single Bond contains ethanol and water as solvents and is applied using the moist-bonding technique. The adhesive of Liner Bond 2V contains no solvents and is applied after a self-etching primer treatment. Forty-six caries-free molars were ground flat to expose the dentin surface and polished with #800-grit silicon carbide paper under running water. A vinyl tape punched with a 6 mm diameter hole was then placed on the dentin surface to demarcate the area for bonding. The thickness of the adhesive resin layer was varied by stacking an increasing numbers of vinyl tapes together. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups and treated with either Clearfil Liner Bond 2V or Single Bond. They were further divided into subgroups according to the number of tapes placed on the dentin surface. After the bonding procedures the teeth were incrementally restored with Clearfil AP-X resin composite, building a 5 mm high crown to produce sufficient bulk for the microtensile bond test and stored in tap water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. The teeth were then sectioned along their long axis into 0.7 mm thick slabs and trimmed for the microtensile bond test using a super-fine diamond bur. The thickness of the adhesive resin layer was then measured with a light microscope and the slabs tested in tension at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute. The results were subjected to statistical analysis by a one-way analysis of variance and linear regressions with 95% confidence intervals. The thickness of the Clearfil Liner Bond 2V adhesive layer ranged from 5 mm-1500 mm, and for Single Bond, it varied from < 7.5 mm-430 mm. For Clearfil Liner Bond 2V, bond strengths increased significantly as the thickness of bonding layer increased (p < 0.05). However, the bond strengths of the Single Bond decreased significantly with increased thickness of the bonding layer (p < 0.05).
Consistent-Aware Deep Learning for Person Re-identification in a Camera Network (2017)

In this paper, we propose a consistent-aware deep learning (CADL) framework for person re-identification in a camera network. Unlike most existing person re-identification methods which identify whether two body images are from the same person, our approach aims to obtain the maximal correct matches for the whole camera network. Different from recently proposed camera network based re-identification methods which only consider the consistent information in the matching stage to obtain a global optimal association, we exploit such consistent-aware information under a deep learning framework where both feature representation and image matching are automatically learned with certain consistent constraints. Specifically, we reach the global optimal solution and balance the performance between different cameras by optimizing the similarity and association iteratively. Experimental results show that our method obtains significant performance improvement and outperforms the state-of-the-art methods by large margins.
Survival of Patients with Stage I Lung Cancer Detected on CT Screening (2006)

Annual spiral CT screening can detect lung cancer that is curable.
Zwischen Hellas und der Hauptstadt des 19. Jahrhunderts (2007)

Wird ein Klassiker derart extensiv erforscht wie Heine, dass mancher den »lautlose[n] Übergang in den Aggregatzustand der Tertiärliteratur«1 befürchtet, ergeben sich typischerweise Asymmetrien. An guten Biografien und bündigen Einführungen mangelt es nicht, die Schriften zu Heines Geschichtsdenken und jüdischer Identität bzw. Emanzipation gar sind Legion. Dagegen stehen auffällige Desiderata wie etwa — beide von Gerhard Höhn vor beinahe 20 Jahren angemahnt — Arbeiten über Heines Verhältnis zum 18. Jahrhundert oder die »alle Aspekte berührende Untersuchung zu seinem Sprachstil«.2
2,3‐Dihydrospiro[1H‐4‐ and 5‐azabenzimidazole‐2,1′ ‐cyclohexane] ( = Spiro[cyclohexane‐1,2′(3′H)‐1′H‐imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine] and Spiro[cyclohexane‐1,2′(3′H)‐1′H‐imidazo[4, 5‐c]pyridine]): Reactions with Nucleophiles (1994)

Abstract The readily available title compounds 4a and 24 react with N‐, O‐, S‐, and C‐nucleophiles in presence of MnO 2 to give the corresponding mono‐ or disubstituted 2 H ‐azabenzimidazoles ( = azaisobenzimidazoles), e.g. , 11–18 and 26a–h , respectively, or 2,3‐dihydro‐1 H ‐azabenzimidazoles ( = dihydro‐azabenzimidazoles) such as 9 and 10 and 27 and 28 , respectively, by a 1, 4‐ or 1,6‐ Michael addition ( Schemes 2 and 4 ). The bromo‐dihydro‐1 H ‐azabenzimidazole 4b lost the Br‐atom when treated with piperidine or morpholine yielding the corresponding disubstituted 2 H ‐azabenzimidazole 21 ( Scheme 3 ). Reductive ring opening of the substituted spiro compounds leads to mono‐ and disubstituted diaminopyridines which are intermediates for fused pyridine ring systems with substituents often not available by conventional routes and of potential pharmaceutical interest (see 32 – 37 ). E.g. , starting from 4a , a three‐step synthesis of the analgesic flupirtine maleate (= ethyl {2‐amino‐6‐[(4‐fluorobenzyl)amino]pyridin‐3‐yl}carbamate maleate = Katadolon® ; 39 ) and of its non‐fluorinated derivative D‐7195 is described. Its analogue 40 was similarly made from the spiro compound 24 .
Nanoparticle based inorganic coatings for corrosion protection of magnesium alloys (2008)

Inorganic nanoparticle based coatings for magnesium alloys were developed and tested for their performance in corrosion protection. Nanoparticles are characterised by a high sintering activity. This allows to obtain inorganic coatings by a sintering process at rather low temperatures which is suitable for magnesium alloys. Coating sols are based on silicon dioxide and sintering additives such as boron or sodium oxide. One technique is based on aqueous, commercial nanosols which can be applied by dip or brush coating to form layers on AZ31 and AZ91. Another technique is based on the electrophoretic deposition of silicon dioxide nanoparticles which also contain boron and phosphorus oxide. Crack free layers with a thickness of up to several micrometres could be obtained by a two step process including a bimodal particle distribution and polydiethoxysiloxane as adhesion promoter. The composition and surface structure of these novel coatings are characterised by modern analytical methods including SEM and atomic force microscopy and their applicability as protective coatings is investigated by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
Interleukin-33, a Novel Member of the IL-1/IL-18 Cytokine Family, in Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery (2010)

Interleukin-33 is a newly recognized cytokine of the IL-1 family. Unlike its other members IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-18, interleukin-33 induces predominantly Th2-skewed immune responses. In this context, the effects of IL-33 are mostly anti-inflammatory. However, depending on the actual cytokine and cellular milieu, IL-33 can promote both Th1 and Th2 immune reactions. Most importantly for cardiology and cardiac surgery, IL-33 has emerged to represent the as yet unknown ligand of the orphan receptor ST2. Before the advent of IL-33, the ST2 receptor, currently recognized as the soluble one of its two isoforms, was considered to be an unfavorable prognostic marker in myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure and trauma/sepsis shock patients. Now we know that IL-33, when bound to the cellular membrane-anchored ST2L isoform of the receptor, can have certain beneficial effects on the aforementioned conditions. Various forms of IL-33 interaction with the respective isoforms of its cognate receptor are discussed here. The focus is on physiological and prognostic values in cardiac patients.
Collectin 11 (CL-11, CL-K1) Is a MASP-1/3–Associated Plasma Collectin with Microbial-Binding Activity (2010)

Collectins play important roles in the innate immune defense against microorganisms. Recently, a new collectin, collectin 11 (CL-11 or CL-K1), was identified via database searches. In present work, we characterize the structural and functional properties of CL-11. Under nonreducing conditions, in gel permeation chromatography recombinant CL-11 forms disulfide-linked oligomers of 100 and 200 kDa. A mAb-based ELISA estimates the concentration of CL-11 in plasma to be 2.1 μg/ml, and the presence of CL-11 in plasma was further verified by Western blotting and mass spectrometry. Mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease 1 (MASP-1) copurified with CL-11 and the interaction in plasma with MASP-1 and/or MASP-3 was further demonstrated using ELISA. We identified the adrenal glands, the kidneys, and the liver as primary sites of expression. CL-11 lectin activity was demonstrated by ELISA and showed that CL-11 has preference for l-fucose and d-mannose. We finally show that CL-11 binds to intact bacteria, fungi, and viruses and that CL-11 decreases influenza A virus infectivity and forms complexes with DNA. On the basis of the significant concentration of CL-11 in circulation and CL-11's interaction with various microorganisms and MASP-1 and/or MASP-3, it is conceivable that CL-11 plays a role in activation of the complement system and in the defense against invading microorganisms.
Laser texturing for low-flying-height media (1991)

A novel selective-area texturing process using a pulsed laser to produce a new form of texture in only the landing zone is discussed. By rotating the media under the focused pulsed-laser beam, a row of crater shaped dimples are created in the landing zone only. The rest of the disk remains smooth and untextured. Contact start-stop (CSS) test results from a lubricated C/CoCrTa/Cr media on the laser-textured substrate exhibited a constant static friction coefficient of 0.17 even after 12-K CSS cycles, with no apparent friction buildup. This unique behavior is attributed to the rounded and smooth surface topography of the laser-textured media.
The immunoglobulin lambda light chain enhancer consists of three modules which synergize in activation of transcription (1999)

V(D)J rearrangement, high level expression and somatic hypermutation of assembled Ig genes is tightly controlled by a number of regulatory sequence elements located in the vicinity of the J-, (D)-, and C-gene segments. During B cell maturation these elements become accessible to binding of trans-acting factors, reflecting the opening of the chromatin structure through an as yet unidentified mechanism. The mapping of regions of an altered chromatin structure (DNase I hypersensitivity) therefore is a powerful approach in identifying regulatory sequence elements. We here show that the human Igλ enhancer consists of three modules previously identified by us as DNase I-hypersensitive sites HSS-1, -2, and -3. The three sequence elements synergize in transcriptional activation of a reporter gene and together constitute a powerful tissue-specific enhancer which is a much stronger transcriptional activator than the κ enhancers alone or in combination. We further show that the accessibility of the κ and λ enhancer elements for DNase I in the chromatin of a pre-B cell line (207) correlates with the transcriptional enhancer activities of κ and λ enhancer constructs. This finding is in support of an ordered model for Ig light chain activation (κ before λ).
A frequency-domain analysis of head-motion prediction (1995)

The use of prediction to eliminate or reduce the effects of system delays in Head-Mounted Display systems has been the subject of several recent papers. A variety of methods have been proposed but almost all the analysis has been empirical, making comparisons of results difficult and providing little direction to the designer of new systems. In this paper, we characterize the performance of two classes of head-motion predictors by analyzing them in the frequency domain. The first predictor is a polynomial extrapolation and the other is based on the Kalman filter. Our analysis shows that even with perfect, noise-free inputs, the error in predicted position grows rapidly with increasing prediction intervals and input signal frequencies. Given the spectra of the original head motion, this analysis estimates the spectra of the predicted motion, quantifying a predictor's performance on different systems and applications. Acceleration sensors are shown to be more useful to a predictor than velocity sensors. The methods described will enable designers to determine maximum acceptable system delay based on maximum tolerable error and the characteristics of user motions in the application.
Activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase1,2 results in down-regulation of decorin expression in fibroblasts (2000)

Decorin is a small leucine-rich extracellular matrix proteoglycan, the expression of which is down-regulated in proliferating and malignantly transformed cells. In the present study we show that the expression of decorin in fibroblasts is suppressed by epidermal growth factor (EGF) and PMA, and that the effect of both is potently inhibited by blocking the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK)1,2 signalling pathway (Raf/MEK1,2/ERK1,2) with the specific MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK)1,2 inhibitor, PD98059. In addition, specific activation of ERK1,2 by adenovirus-mediated expression of constitutively active MEK1 in dermal fibroblasts results in marked reduction in decorin mRNA abundance and production. Co-transfection of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts with human decorin promoter/chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) construct (pDEC-879/CAT) in combination with the expression vectors for constitutively active Raf-1 and MEK1 markedly suppressed decorin promoter activity. Co-transfections of human decorin promoter 5ʹ-deletion constructs with constitutively active MEK1 expression vector identified the region -278 to -188 as essential for ERK1,2 mediated down-regulation of decorin promoter activity. These results show that activation of the ERK1,2 signalling pathway by a mitogenic growth factor, a tumour promoter or transformation suppresses decorin gene expression in fibroblasts, which in turn may promote proliferation and migration of normal and malignant cells.
Application of bioelectric effect to reduce the antibiotic resistance of subgingival plaque biofilm: An in vitro study (2018)

The ability of doxycycline antibiotic in inhibiting plaque biofilm was significantly enhanced by application of a weak electric field (5 volts for 2 min).
Printed electronics: the challenges involved in printing devices, interconnects, and contacts based on inorganic materials (2010)

Printed electronics represent an emerging area of research that promises large markets due to the ability to bypass traditional expensive and inflexible silicon-based electronics to fabricate a variety of devices on flexible substrates using high-throughput printing approaches. This article presents a summary of work to date in the field of printed electronics and the materials chemistry involved. In particular, the focus is upon the use of metal- and metal oxide-containing inks in the preparation of contacts and interconnects. The review discusses the challenges associated with processing these types of inks and ways to successfully obtain the desired features.