gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On-probe sample pretreatment for the detection of proteins above 15 KDa from whole cell bacteria by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (2000)

A rapid methodology is described for the enhancement of the signal-to-base-line (S/B) ratio of high molecular weight protein signals from whole cell bacteria analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS). The procedure involves depositing growing bacteria colonies from culture dishes directly onto the MALDI probe followed by treatment of the sample spot with a 2 microL aliquot of 40% ethanol prior to the addition of a ferulic acid matrix solution (12.5 mg dissolved in 17% formic acid/33% acetonitrile/50% H(2)O). Protein signals of more than 20 kDa were routinely produced from both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria prepared in this manner. Moreover, a substantial number of intense protein signals were also produced in the more 'conventional' fingerprint region extending from 4 to 20 kDa. This approach is rapid, easy to implement into existing methodologies, and does not require any special hardware.
Mechanism of Human SIRT1 Activation by Resveratrol (2005)

The NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase family, Sir2 (or sirtuins), is important for many cellular processes including gene silencing, regulation of p53, fatty acid metabolism, cell cycle regulation, and life span extension. Resveratrol, a polyphenol found in wines and thought to harbor major health benefits, was reported to be an activator of Sir2 enzymes in vivo and in vitro. In addition, resveratrol was shown to increase life span in three model organisms through a Sir2-dependent pathway. Here, we investigated the molecular basis for Sir2 activation by resveratrol. Among the three enzymes tested (yeast Sir2, human SIRT1, and human SIRT2), only SIRT1 exhibited significant enzyme activation ( approximately 8-fold) using the commercially available Fluor de Lys kit (BioMol). To examine the requirements for resveratrol activation of SIRT1, we synthesized three p53 acetylpeptide substrates either lacking a fluorophore or containing a 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (p53-AMC) or rhodamine 110 (p53-R110). Although SIRT1 activation was independent of the acetylpeptide sequence, resveratrol activation was completely dependent on the presence of a covalently attached fluorophore. Substrate competition studies indicated that the fluorophore decreased the binding affinity of the peptide, and, in the presence of resveratrol, fluorophore-containing substrates bound more tightly to SIRT1. Using available crystal structures, a model of SIRT1 bound to p53-AMC peptide was constructed. Without resveratrol, the coumarin of p53-AMC peptide is solvent-exposed and makes no significant contacts with SIRT1. We propose that binding of resveratrol to SIRT1 promotes a conformational change that better accommodates the attached coumarin group.
Nonlinear analysis of phase relationships in quasi-optical oscillator arrays (1993)

A dynamic theory of coupled oscillators is developed and applied to the class of loosely coupled quasi-optical oscillator arrays. This theory permits the calculation of stable, steady-state phase relationships between the oscillators. The distribution of free-running frequencies and the coupling parameters are most important in determining the behavior of the arrays. It is found that free-running frequencies of the peripheral elements have the strongest influence on the steady-state phase relationships. The influence of randomness in the frequency distribution is considered for the case of broadside beamforming, establishing a critical value for the coupling strength in order to maintain mutual synchronization with a specified maximum beam deviation. Techniques for simplifying the calculation of phase relationships for some common coupling parameters are also developed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Schizophrenia (2003)

Schizophrenia has varied and ominous symptoms that generally begin in late adolescence or early adulthood and usually continue throughout life. This Drug Therapy article discusses the new generation of antipsychotic medications, as well as recent developments in brain imaging and in knowledge of the pathophysiology and molecular genetics of this devastating disease.
Expected incidence of tardive dyskinesia associated with atypical antipsychotics. (2000)

Given the problematic nature of tardive dyskinesia in persons taking conventional antipsychotics, evaluation of newer atypical antipsychotic agents should include a systematic assessment of tardive dyskinesia liability. Results of a prospective double-blind, randomized study of schizophrenic patients who participated in 3 preclinical olanzapine studies and were treated with 5 to 20 mg/day of olanzapine (N = 1192) or haloperidol (N = 522) recently indicated a significantly lower risk of development of tardive dyskinesia with olanzapine treatment than haloperidol treatment. This article discusses the known effects of atypical antipsychotic medications on tardive dyskinesia movements (both withdrawal and persistent) and the incidence rate of tardive dyskinesia among schizophrenic patients undergoing long-term treatment with olanzapine or haloperidol.
Regioselectivity of Diels-Alder reactions of a surfactant 1,3-diene with surfactant dienophiles (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRegioselectivity of Diels-Alder reactions of a surfactant 1,3-diene with surfactant dienophilesDavid A. Jaeger and Jinkang WangCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 24, 6745–6755Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00076a040RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views338Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Sequence Symmetry as a Tool for Designing DNA Nanostructures (2005)

Grand designs: DNA sequence symmetry is explored as a tool for designing DNA nanostructures. The resulting symmetric DNA motifs can self-assemble into two-dimensional arrays as wide as 1 mm (see picture). The DNA arrays can be used as templates to fabricate nanostructures of other materials, such as gold.
Analysis of Joint Action of Insecticides Against House Flies (1960)

Journal Article Analysis of Joint Action of Insecticides Against House Flies Get access Yun-Pei Sun, Yun-Pei Sun Agricultural Research Division, Shell Development Company, Modesto, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E. R. Johnson E. R. Johnson Agricultural Research Division, Shell Development Company, Modesto, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 53, Issue 5, 1 October 1960, Pages 887–892, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/53.5.887 Published: 01 October 1960 Article history Accepted: 29 April 1960 Published: 01 October 1960
Energy Inhibition Elevates β-Secretase Levels and Activity and Is Potentially Amyloidogenic in APP Transgenic Mice: Possible Early Events in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis (2005)

Beta-secretase [beta-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1)] is the key rate-limiting enzyme for the production of the beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptide involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). BACE1 levels and activity are increased in AD brain and are likely to drive Abeta overproduction, but the cause of BACE1 elevation in AD is unknown. Interestingly, cerebral glucose metabolism and blood flow are both reduced in preclinical AD, suggesting that impaired energy production may be an early pathologic event in AD. To determine whether reduced energy metabolism would cause BACE1 elevation, we used pharmacological agents (insulin, 2-deoxyglucose, 3-nitropropionic acid, and kainic acid) to induce acute energy inhibition in C57/B6 wild-type and amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic (Tg2576) mice. Four hours after treatment, we observed that reduced energy production caused a approximately 150% increase of cerebral BACE1 levels compared with control. Although this was a modest increase, the effect was long-lasting, because levels of the BACE1 enzyme remained elevated for at least 7 d after a single dose of energy inhibitor. In Tg2576 mice, levels of the BACE1-cleaved APP ectodomain APPsbeta were also elevated and paralleled the BACE1 increase in both relative amount and duration. Importantly, cerebral Abeta40 levels in Tg2576 were increased to approximately 200% of control at 7 d after injection, demonstrating that energy inhibition was potentially amyloidogenic. These results support the hypothesis that impaired energy production in the brain may drive AD pathogenesis by elevating BACE1 levels and activity, which, in turn, lead to Abeta overproduction. This process may represent one of the earliest pathogenic events in AD.
Modular parallel programming in mpC for distributed memory machines (2002)

The mpC language is an ANSI C superset supporting modular parallel programming for distributed memory machines. It allows the user to specify dynamically an application topology, and the mpC programming environment uses this information in run time to provide the most efficient execution of the program on any particular distributed memory machine. The paper describes the features of mpC and its programming environment which allow to use them for developing libraries of parallel programs.
Atomic-Level Mapping of Antibody Epitopes on a GPCR (2009)

Epitopes that define the immunodominant regions of conformationally complex integral membrane proteins have been difficult to reliably delineate. Here, a high-throughput approach termed shotgun mutagenesis was used to map the binding epitopes of five different monoclonal antibodies targeting the GPCR CCR5. The amino acids, and in some cases the atoms, that comprise the critical contact points of each epitope were identified, defining the immunodominant structures of this GPCR and their physicochemistry.
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Stannous Octoate-Catalyzed Bulk Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone (2002)

Bulk polymerizations of ε-caprolactone (CL) were conducted at 130 °C, in which the structure and amount of initiator were varied. Polymerization induction periods were observed and attributed to slow heat transfer and to the type of alcohol used as initiator. Induction periods persisted until virtually complete consumption of both ethylene glycol (EG) and 1,3-propanediol (PD). 1-Butanol displayed no detectable induction. 1H NMR suggested that induction was a result of strong and unique interactions between the diols and stannous octoate, which lead to the formation of more stable, less reactive stannous alkoxides compared to stannous alkoxides derived from the polymer chain end. Only after virtually all free diol was consumed did chain propagation commence at the normal rate. The rate of polymerization was insensitive to the [CL]/[EG] ratios chosen for this study. The results were consistent with a mechanism in which stannous alkoxide initiator is formed in situ via reaction between stannous octoate and alcohol, and stannous alkoxide chain ends are the actively propagating species.
SHAPE RETAINING INJECTABLE HYDROGELS FOR MINIMALLY INVASIVE BULKING (2004)

Shape retaining porous hydrogels meet many of the requirements necessary for a successful injectable bulking agent and offer advantages over currently used agents.
Chemical modifications of proteins: history and applications (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical modifications of proteins: history and applicationsGary E. Means and Robert E. FeeneyCite this: Bioconjugate Chem. 1990, 1, 1, 2–12Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bc00001a001https://doi.org/10.1021/bc00001a001research-articleACS Publications. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views4582Altmetric-Citations161LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
4-1BB co-stimulation enhances human CD8+ T cell priming by augmenting the proliferation and survival of effector CD8+ T cells (2002)

Interactions between 4-1BB and its ligand, 4-1BBL, enhance CD8(+) T cell-mediated antiviral and antitumor immunity in vivo. However, mechanisms regulating the priming of CD8(+) T cell responses by 4-1BB remain unclear, particularly in humans. The 4-1BB receptor was undetectable on naive or resting human CD8(+) T cells and induced in vitro by TCR triggering. Naive cord blood cells were therefore primed in vitro against peptides or cellular antigens and then co-stimulated with 4-1BBL or agonistic antibodies. Co-stimulation enhanced effector function such as IFN-gamma production and cytotoxicity by augmenting numbers of antigen-specific and effector CD8(+) T cells. OKT3 responses also showed reduced cell death and revealed that the proliferation of CD8(+) T cells required two independently regulated events. One, the induction of IL-2 production, could be directly triggered by 4-1BB engagement on CD8(+) T cells in the absence of accessory cells. The other, expression of CD25, was induced with variable efficacy by accessory cells. Thus, suboptimal accessory cells and 4-1BB co-stimulation combined their effects to enhance IL-2 production and proliferation. Reduced apoptosis observed after co-stimulation in the presence of accessory cells correlated with increased levels of Bcl-X(L) in CD8(+) T cells, while Bcl-2 expression remained unchanged. Altogether, 4-1BB enhanced expansion, survival and effector functions of newly primed CD8(+) T cells, acting in part directly on these cells. As 4-1BB triggering could be protracted from the TCR signal, 4-1BB agonists may function through these mechanisms to enhance or rescue suboptimal immune responses.
DehazeNet: An End-to-End System for Single Image Haze Removal (2016)

Single image haze removal is a challenging ill-posed problem. Existing methods use various constraints/priors to get plausible dehazing solutions. The key to achieve haze removal is to estimate a medium transmission map for an input hazy image. In this paper, we propose a trainable end-to-end system called DehazeNet, for medium transmission estimation. DehazeNet takes a hazy image as input, and outputs its medium transmission map that is subsequently used to recover a haze-free image via atmospheric scattering model. DehazeNet adopts convolutional neural network-based deep architecture, whose layers are specially designed to embody the established assumptions/priors in image dehazing. Specifically, the layers of Maxout units are used for feature extraction, which can generate almost all haze-relevant features. We also propose a novel nonlinear activation function in DehazeNet, called bilateral rectified linear unit, which is able to improve the quality of recovered haze-free image. We establish connections between the components of the proposed DehazeNet and those used in existing methods. Experiments on benchmark images show that DehazeNet achieves superior performance over existing methods, yet keeps efficient and easy to use.
DYSTROPHIN-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS AND THE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHIES (1997)

Discovery of the gene encoding the protein dystrophin delineated not only the cause of Duchenne dystrophy but also an expanding family of at least eight different dystrophin-associated muscle proteins. These include two that span the membrane (the dystroglycans), at least five within the membrane (the sarcoglycans), and a submembrane protein (utrophin). In recent years, defects in the genes for several of these proteins have been identified in several different muscular dystrophies. The spectrum of clinical deficits associated with these genetic lesions is broad, but typically it encompasses both milder proximal myopathies characteristic of limb-girdle dystrophy and more severe disorders reminiscent of Duchenne dystrophy. These discoveries will provide the basis both for improved understanding of physiology of this complex of proteins at the muscle membrane and for new strategies in the treatment of muscular dystrophy.
Sequence complexity of disordered protein (2000)

Intrinsic disorder refers to segments or to whole proteins that fail to self-fold into fixed 3D structure, with such disorder sometimes existing in the native state. Here we report data on the relationships among intrinsic disorder, sequence complexity as measured by Shannon's entropy, and amino acid composition. Intrinsic disorder identified in protein crystal structures, and by nuclear magnetic resonance, circular dichroism, and prediction from amino acid sequence, all exhibit similar complexity distributions that are shifted to lower values compared to, but significantly overlapping with, the distribution for ordered proteins. Compared to sequences from ordered proteins, these variously characterized intrinsically disordered segments and proteins, and also a collection of low-complexity sequences, typically have obviously higher levels of protein-specific subsets of the following amino acids: R, K, E, P, and S, and lower levels of subsets of the following: C, W, Y, I, and V. The Swiss Protein database of sequences exhibits significantly higher amounts of both low-complexity and predicted-to-be-disordered segments as compared to a non-redundant set of sequences from the Protein Data Bank, providing additional data that nature is richer in disordered and low-complexity segments compared to the commonness of these features in the set of structurally characterized proteins.
Orthogonal Virus Clearance Applications in Monoclonal Antibody Production (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Model Viruses and Virus Assays Virus Clearance Strategies from First in Human (FIH) to Biological License Application (BLA) Filing Orthogonal Viral Clearance in mAb Production Conclusions and Future Perspectives Acknowledgments References
The direct screening of cosmid libraries with YAC clones (1991)

Journal Article The direct screening of cosmid libraries with YAC clones Get access S. Baxendale, S. Baxendale Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G.P. Bates, G.P. Bates Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M.E. MacDonald, M.E. MacDonald 1Neurogenetics Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA 02114, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J.F. Gusella, J.F. Gusella 1Neurogenetics Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA 02114, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. Lehrach H. Lehrach Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 19, Issue 23, 11 December 1991, Page 6651, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/19.23.6651 Published: 11 December 1991 Article history Received: 20 August 1991 Published: 11 December 1991
A motivational interviewing perspective on resistance in psychotherapy (2002)

This article applies the motivational interviewing approach to resistance, which is conceptualized as the product of an interaction between the therapist and client rather than a static client characteristic. The underlying principles of motivational interviewing also are discussed, as are the overall therapeutic goals when using this approach. Sources of the resistance between the therapist and client are reviewed, as well as specific recommendations for responding. The motivational interviewing approach to resistance is applied to each of the three case vignettes.
1.3 µm GaAs-based laser using quantum dotsobtained byactivated spinodal decomposition (1999)

Low threshold current density (Jth = 65 A/cm2) operation near 1.3 µm at room temperature (RT) is realised for lasers using InAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs). The lasing occurs via the QD ground state for cavity length L &gt; 1 mm. The differential efficiency is 40% and internal losses are 1.5 cm–1. The characteristic temperature near RT is 160 K.
The effect of sodium bicarbonate ingestion on 1500‐m racing time (1995)

Twelve athletes, all of whom regularly participated in middle- or long-distance running races at club to national standard, competed in simulated 1500-m races under three conditions: following ingestion of 300 mg sodium bicarbonate per kg of body mass (B); following ingestion of a placebo (100 mg sodium chloride per kg of body mass and 200 mg calcium carbonate per kg of body mass) (P); and following ingestion of neither (C). A double-blind protocol was used between the B and P trials. Each condition was replicated so that the athletes competed in six races. Ten of the athletes completed all the races. The athletes' average times for trials B, P and C were 253.9, 256.8 and 258.0 s, respectively. The data were analysed using a two-way ANOVA with replicates and Tukey tests. This revealed a difference between trial B and trials P and C (P < 0.05), but no difference between trials P and C. These findings, therefore, indicate that sodium bicarbonate can have an ergogenic effect upon 1500-m running.
A Comparison of Laparoscopic Bipolar Vessel Sealing Devices in the Hemostasis of Small-, Medium-, and Large-Sized Arteries (2003)

The LS produces supraphysiologic seals with significantly higher bursting pressures than the PK in vessels ranging from 4 to 7 mm. The PK seals become progressively weaker while the LS seals increase in strength as the vessel size increases. Although thermal spread increases with vessel size, the degree of lateral thermal injury is no different between the two instruments.