gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interleaved Zero-Current-Transition Buck Converter (2007)

This paper introduces interleaved zero-current-transition (ZCT) converters where two sets of switches are operating out-of-phase and share the load power equally. Turn-on transitions at zero current and a significant reduction of the losses associated with diode reverse recovery are accomplished through addition of two small inductors. This paper describes a 30-kW (300 V/100 A) interleaved ZCT buck converter operating at 32-kHz effective switching frequency. Losses and efficiency of the experimental prototype compare favorably against the standard and interleaved hard-switched buck converters. Constant frequency operation with low switching losses and low output current ripple is very well suited for the realization of dc power supplies in plasma processes.
Preoperative assessment of the cerebral hemispheric dominance for language with CBF PET (1993)

Abstract This study evaluated whether cerebral blood flow positron emission tomography (CBF PET) could provide assessments of language dominance comparable to the invasive reference method, the Wada test (selective intracarotid injection of amytal with cognitive testing subsequent to the anesthesia of each hemisphere). In 9 of 11 patients with partial complex epilepsy who were operative candidates, the Wada test lateralized unequivocally; in two subjects Wasa results were indeterminate (no speech arrest following injection of either carotid). Of four brain regions selected a priori for PET analysis based on techniques developed from studies of normal volunteers, anterior frontal cortex (AFC) was most consistently detectable and lateralized. AFC laterality agreed with Wada laterality in eight of the nine subjects lateralized by Wada. In both subjects having an indeterminate Wada, PET demonstrated clear laterality. In one subject both PET and Wada lateralized, but in disagreement; anterior temporal lobectomy in the hemisphere indicated by PET as language‐dominant caused long‐lasting language impairment. We conclude that CBF PET: (1) provides an effective, noninvasive adjunct to the Wada test; and (2) permits assessment of language dominance in normal research volunteers. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pharmacokinetics and safety of single oral doses of lomefloxacin (1990)

The pharmacokinetics of 100 mg, 200 mg, 400 mg, 600 mg, and 800 mg of lomefloxacin, a quinolone antimicrobial, were examined in a single sequential rising dose, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Each of 30 healthy male subjects (6 per group) received placebo and one dose of lomefloxacin, separated by 5 days. Test results (physical examinations, laboratory and hematology panels, vital signs, neurological and ophthalmological examinations, EEG or urinalysis) revealed no clinically significant differences compared to baseline. Mean Cmax values (0.92 micrograms ml-1 to 6.99 micrograms ml-1) increased linearly with dose. Mean tmax averaged 1.13 +/- 0.5 h and mean t1/2, 7.8 +/- 1.0 h over all doses. There was a small influence of dose on the AUC0-48. Mean urinary concentrations during the first 4 h postdosing ranged from 79 to 454 micrograms ml-1. Urine concentrations remained greater than or equal to 15 micrograms ml-1 over 24 h at the lowest dose. Maximum urinary excretion rate, Rmax, ranged from 5.84 mg h-1 to 34.90 mg h-1. Dose normalized Rmax and XU96 (per cent of dose) were unaffected by dose. Mean renal clearance decreased at higher doses. In conclusion, lomefloxacin was well tolerated in doses up to 800 mg. Lomefloxacin is rapidly absorbed with an elimination half-life of approximately 8 h. The data suggest that the drug can be effectively administered once daily.
Cloning, expression and subcellular localization of the human homolog of p40MO15 catalytic subunit of cdk-activating kinase. (1994)

Transitions of the cell cycle are controlled by cyclin-dependent protein kinases (cdks) whose phosphorylation on the Thr residue included in the conserved sequence YTHEVV dramatically increases the activity. A kinase responsible for this specific phosphorylation, called CAK for cdk-activating kinase, has been recently purified from starfish and Xenopus oocytes and shown to contain the MO15 gene product as a catalytic subunit. In the present paper, we have cloned the human homolog of Xenopus p40MO15 by probing a HeLa cell cDNA library with degenerate oligonucleotides deduced from Xenopus and starfish MO15 sequences. Human and Xenopus MO15 displayed a strong homology showing 86% identity with regard to amino acid sequences. Northern blot analysis of RNA extracts from a series of human tissues as well as from cultured rodent fibroblasts revealed a unique 1.4 kb MO15 mRNA. No variation in the amount of MO15 transcript or protein was found along the entire course of the fibroblast cell cycle. Fluorescence in situ hybridization on human lymphocyte metaphases showed two distinct chromosomal locations of human MO15 gene at 5q12-q13 and 2q22-q24. By using gene tagging and mammalian cell transfection, we demonstrate that the KRKR motif located at the carboxy terminal end of MO15 is required for nuclear targeting of the protein. Mutation of KRKR to NGER retains MO15 in the cytoplasmic compartment, whilst the wild-type protein is detected exclusively in the nucleus. Interestingly, we demonstrate that the nuclear targeting of MO15 is necessary to confer the protein its CAK activity. In contrast to the wild-type, the NLS-mutated MO15 expressed in Xenopus oocytes is unable to generate CAK as long as the nuclear envelope is not broken. The nuclear localization of both the MO15 gene product and CAK activity may imply that cdks activation primarily occurs in the cell nucleus.
Lost motion vector recovery algorithm (2002)

In motion compensated video coding, if motion vectors are lost or received with errors, not only will the current frame be corrupted, but also the errors will propagate to succeeding frames. The effects of errors can be further magnified by the fact that motion vectors are usually coded differentially. In this paper, we propose a technique using motion vector smoothing in the encoder and both boundary matching and motion vector consistency check in the decoder to compensate for lost or erroneously received motion vectors. The proposed technique produces noticeably better results than those reported previously. And the proposed motion vector smoothing algorithm causes virtually no degradation in the decoded image quality when motion vectors have no errors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Regulation of fibroblast migration by tenascin-C (2007)

Synthesis of new tissue by fibroblasts is required for tissue rebuilding in response to injury. Fibroblast migration from surrounding healthy tissue into the fibrin-fibronectin provisional matrix deposited upon injury is a key rate-limiting step of this stage of tissue repair. These events must be tightly regulated. Excessive deposition of scar tissue is the major hallmark of fibrotic disease. Tenascin-C is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that is transiently expressed upon tissue injury, where it is specifically localized to the wound edge, and persistently up-regulated in fibrotic disease. We have shown that full-length tenascin-C promotes fibroblast migration within fibrin-fibronectin matrices and we have mapped the domains within the molecule critical for enhancing migration. We also demonstrated that specific fragments of tenascin-C inhibit fibroblast migration. These results suggest that transient expression of tenascin-C at the wound boundary is key to tissue repair: its induction recruits fibroblasts into the wound and fragments resulting from its breakdown prevent excessive fibroblast infiltration. Our results demonstrate how fibroblast migration in three-dimensional provisional matrices may be differentially regulated by proteolysis of matrix molecules and could explain how persistent expression of tenascin-C contributes to the progression of fibrotic disease.
Foundational proof-carrying code (2002)

Proof-carrying code is a framework for the mechanical verification of safety properties of machine-language programs, but the problem arises of "quis custodiat ipsos custodes" - i.e. who verifies the verifier itself? Foundational proof-carrying code is verification from the smallest possible set of axioms, using the simplest possible verifier and the smallest possible runtime system. I describe many of the mathematical and engineering problems to be solved in the construction of a foundational proof-carrying code system.
CONTROL CHARTS ON SPREADSHEETS: A TUTORIAL GUIDE OR A POOR MAN'S PERSUADER (1988)

[This abstract is based on the author's abstract.] Two major themes of control charts and spreadsheets are linked. Code is given to produce Shewhart X-bar and range and cumulative sum (CUSUM) control charts using a spreadsheet package on a personal..
Antisense suppression of 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase activity in Arabidopsis leads to altered lignin subunit composition. (1997)

The phenylpropanoid enzyme 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL) is considered necessary to activate the hydroxycinnamic acids for the biosynthesis of the coniferyl and sinapyl alcohols subsequently polymerized into lignin. To clarify the role played by 4CL in the biosynthesis of the guaiacyl (G) and syringyl (S) units characteristic of angiosperm lignin, we generated 4CL antisense Arabidopsis lines having as low as 8% residual 4CL activity. The plants had decreases in thioglycolic acid-extractable lignin correlating with decreases in 4CL activity. Nitrobenzene oxidation of cell walls from bolting stems revealed a significant decrease in G units in 4CL-suppressed plants; however, levels of S lignin units were unchanged in even the most severely 4CL-suppressed plants. These effects led to a large decrease in the G/S ratio in these plants. Our results suggest that an uncharacterized metabolic route to sinapyl alcohol, which is independent of 4CL, may exist in Arabidopsis. They also demonstrate that repression of 4CL activity may provide an avenue to manipulate angiosperm lignin subunit composition in a predictable manner.
Molecular characterization of an aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase gene from Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 (1994)

A gene (aad) coding for an aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase (AAD) was identified immediately upstream of the previously cloned ctfA (J. W. Cary, D. J. Petersen, E. T. Papoutsakis, and G. N. Bennett, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56:1576-1583, 1990) of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 and sequenced. The 2,619-bp aad codes for a 96,517-Da protein. Primer extension analysis identified two transcriptional start sites 83 and 243 bp upstream of the aad start codon. The N-terminal section of AAD shows homology to aldehyde dehydrogenases of bacterial, fungal, mammalian, and plant origin, while the C-terminal section shows homology to alcohol dehydrogenases of bacterial (which includes three clostridial alcohol dehydrogenases) and yeast origin. AAD exhibits considerable amino acid homology (56% identity) over its entire sequence to the trifunctional protein encoded by adhE from Escherichia coli. Expression of aad from a plasmid in C. acetobutylicum showed that AAD, which appears as a approximately 96-kDa band in denaturing protein gels, provides elevated activities of NADH-dependent butanol dehydrogenase, NAD-dependent acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and butyraldehyde dehydrogenase, and a small increase in NADH-dependent ethanol dehydrogenase. A 957-bp open reading frame that could potentially encode a 36,704-Da protein was identified upstream of aad.
Expression Cloning of an Immunodominant Family of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigens Using Human Cd4+ T Cells (2000)

Development of a subunit vaccine for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is likely to be dependent on the identification of T cell antigens that induce strong proliferation and interferon gamma production from healthy purified protein derivative (PPD)(+) donors. We have developed a sensitive and rapid technique for screening an Mtb genomic library expressed in Escherichia coli using Mtb-specific CD4(+) T cells. Using this technique, we identified a family of highly related Mtb antigens. The gene of one family member encodes a 9.9-kD antigen, termed Mtb9.9A. Recombinant Mtb9.9A protein, expressed and purified from E. coli, elicited strong T cell proliferation and IFN-gamma production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from PPD(+) but not PPD(-) individuals. Southern blot analysis and examination of the Mtb genome sequence revealed a family of highly related genes. A T cell line from a PPD(+) donor that failed to react with recombinant Mtb9.9A recognized one of the other family members, Mtb9.9C. Synthetic peptides were used to map the T cell epitope recognized by this line, and revealed a single amino acid substitution in this region when compared with Mtb9.9A. The direct identification of antigens using T cells from immune donors will undoubtedly be critical for the development of vaccines to several intracellular pathogens.
Structure-function relationships in the activation of platelet thrombin receptors by receptor-derived peptides. (1992)

According to present models, thrombin activates platelets by cleaving its receptors after Arg41, creating a new N terminus which acts as a tethered ligand. In support of this model, a peptide (SFLLRNPNDKYEPF or TRP42/55) corresponding to residues 42-55 has been shown to activate the receptor. In the present studies, the structural basis for thrombin receptor activation was examined using fragments of this peptide, as well as variants of the peptide with selected amino acid substitutions. The results show that the features of SFLLRNPNDKYEPF required to mimic the effects of thrombin reside within the first 6 residues, SFLLRN. A hexapeptide comprised of these residues was approximately 5 times more potent than the parent peptide in assays of platelet aggregation and, in addition, caused tyrosine phosphorylation, inhibition of cAMP formation, and an increase in cytosolic Ca2+. Omission of either the Ser residue or the Arg and Asn residues greatly diminished peptide activity, as did the substitution of Ala for Phe or Arg. Substitution of Ala for Ser or the initial Leu, on the other hand, had little adverse effect. The inactive peptides SALLRN and NPNDKYEPF had no effect on platelet activation initiated by SFLLRN, but FLLRN inhibited platelet aggregation in response to both SFLLRN and thrombin. These results suggest that within SFLLRN the Phe and Arg residues are particularly important and that Phe must be preceded by another amino acid, the identity of which is not tightly constrained. This observation and comparisons with the homologous domains of proteins whose tertiary structure is known were used to predict the conformation of the SFLLR sequence. The model which emerged suggests that the SFLLR domain may be part of an extended beta structure in the intact receptor and that cleavage by thrombin causes it to contract and assume a modified helical configuration. In this predicted conformation the side chains of Phe and Arg point in the same direction, potentially into a pocket formed by the remainder of the receptor.
Investigation of strontium silicate yellow phosphors for white light emitting diodes from a combinatorial chemistry (2005)

In order to develop yellow phosphors that emit efficiently under the 450–470 nm excitation range, combinatorial chemistry was used based on silicate materials and investigated in an attempt to develop white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) by combining it with an InGaN blue LED chip (460 nm). Quaternary and ternary combinatorial libraries were developed to synthesize, process, and screen for silicate materials. Our combinatorial chemistry system consists of solution-based combinatorial synthesis and characterization, enabling the swift scanning of luminance. As a consequence of the combinatorial approach, several candidates were found to show high luminance under the 450–470 nm excitation range.
Metal-germanium-metal photodetector grown on silicon using low temperature RF-PECVD (2017)

In this paper, germanium metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors (MSM PDs) are fabricated on Si using a low-temperature two-step deposition technique by RF-PECVD. The photodetectors are optimized to effectively suppress the dark current through the insertion of n-type a-Si:H interlayer between the metal/Ge interface. Tuning the Schottky Barrier Height (SBH) by inserting different thickness of the interlayer is investigated. Results revealed that SBH for electrons and holes can effectively be enhanced by 0.3eV and 0.54eV, respectively. Furthermore, the dark-current (IDark) is suppressed significantly by more than four orders of magnitude. The measured IDark is ∼76 nA for an applied reverse bias of 1.0 V. Additionally, the Ge MSMs structure exhibited a photo responsivity of 0.8A/W at that bias. The proposed low-temperature (<550°C) Ge-on-Si MSM PD demonstrates a great potential for high-performance Ge-based photodetectors in monolithically integrated CMOS platform.
TRIM59 Promotes the Proliferation and Migration of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Upregulating Cell Cycle Related Proteins (2015)

TRIM protein family is an evolutionarily conserved gene family implicated in a number of critical processes including inflammation, immunity, antiviral and cancer. In an effort to profile the expression patterns of TRIM superfamily in several non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, we found that the expression of 10 TRIM genes including TRIM3, TRIM7, TRIM14, TRIM16, TRIM21, TRIM22, TRIM29, TRIM59, TRIM66 and TRIM70 was significantly upregulated in NSCLC cell lines compared with the normal human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cell line, whereas the expression of 7 other TRIM genes including TRIM4, TRIM9, TRIM36, TRIM46, TRIM54, TRIM67 and TRIM76 was significantly down-regulated in NSCLC cell lines compared with that in HBE cells. As TRIM59 has been reported to act as a proto-oncogene that affects both Ras and RB signal pathways in prostate cancer models, we here focused on the role of TRIM59 in the regulation of NSCLC cell proliferation and migration. We reported that TRIM59 protein was significantly increased in various NSCLC cell lines. SiRNA-induced knocking down of TRIM59 significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of NSCLC cell lines by arresting cell cycle in G2 phase. Moreover, TRIM59 knocking down affected the expression of a number of cell cycle proteins including CDC25C and CDK1. Finally, we knocked down TRIM59 and found that p53 protein expression levels did not upregulate, so we proposed that TRIM59 may promote NSCLC cell growth through other pathways but not the p53 signaling pathway.
Crosslinking and modification of dermal sheep collagen using 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (1999)

Crosslinking of dermal sheep collagen (DSC) was accomplished using 1, 4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDGE). At pH values > 8.0, epoxide groups of BDDGE will react with amine groups of collagen. The effects of BDDGE concentration, pH, time, and temperature were studied. Utilization of a 4-wt % BDDGE instead of 1-wt % resulted in a faster reaction. Whereas similar values of shrinkage temperature were obtained, fewer primary amine groups had reacted at a lower BDDGE concentration, which implies that the crosslinking reaction had a higher efficacy. An increase in pH from 8.5 to 10.5 resulted in a faster reaction but reduced crosslink efficacy. Furthermore, an increase in reaction temperature accelerated the reaction without changing the crosslink efficacy. Crosslinking under acidic conditions (pH < 6.0) evoked a reaction between epoxide groups and carboxylic acid groups of collagen. Additional studies showed that no oligomeric crosslinks could be formed. However, hydrolysis of the epoxide groups played a role in the crosslink mechanism especially under acidic reaction conditions. The macroscopic properties of these materials were dependent on the crosslinking method. Whereas a flexible and soft tissue was found if crosslinking was performed at pH < 6.0, a stiff sponge was obtained under alkaline conditions. Reaction of DSC with a monofunctional compound (glycidyl isopropyl ether) led to comparable trends in reaction rate and in similar macroscopical differences in materials as observed with BDDGE.
Prediction Models for Core Temperature During Heat Stress Vary with Exercise Intensity (2007)

Valid prediction of body core temperature (Tc) is useful in preparation for exposure to an environment or when ethical considerations preclude exposing human subjects to a given environment. Numerous models exist to predict Tc, often differing from one another in their theoretical basis. Validation of these models is essential in order to determine their practical application. PURPOSE: To compare the Tc predicted by two recently developed models of human thermoregulation using varied input data. METHODS: The Initial Capability Decision Aid (ICDA) thermal prediction model of Yokota and Berglund and the computer prediction model of Fiala (FM) were compared. The ICDA model is a derivation of the Gagge 2-node model, in which metabolic heat production is estimated from the heart rate ratio (HRR; actual: resting heart rate) and dry-bulb temperature (Tdb). FM is similar to the Gagge model but incorporates new control algorithms for sweating, shivering and vasomotor responses. Two-hour exposures to a hot-dry environment (40°C Tdb, 10% RH) during rest, low (4.3 MET), and moderate (6.8 MET) exercise were modeled. Due to differences between models in estimating metabolic rate, the MET level calculated by the ICDA (MET=0.68+4.69(HRR-1)-0.052(HRR-1)(Tdb-20)) was used as an input in the FM. Body size and clothing effects were standardized. RESULTS: At rest, the mean Tc difference between models over 2-h was 0.10±0.06°C. During low and moderate intensity exercise, the difference was 0.17±0.17°C and 0.36±0.08°C, respectively. The FM predicted a decrease in Tc during the first 15-min, ranging from 0.17-0.05°C, whereas baseline Tc did not decrease in the ICDA. The final difference at the 2-h timepoint was 0.01, 0.04 and 0.25°C for rest, low and moderate intensity exercise, respectively, suggesting a convergence of the ICDA and FM prediction curves over time. CONCLUSIONS: During exposure to a hot-dry environment, in which exercise intensity and individual characteristic inputs did not differ between models, the magnitude of the difference in predicted Tc between models increased as exercise intensity increased. An initial drop in Tc from baseline and a rightward shift in the Tc time course inherent in the FM but not in the ICDA likely contributed to the overall difference between models.
Simple Method of Calculating Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient. (1992)

A simple method of calculating log P (partition coefficient in octanol/water) has been developed based on the quantitative structure-log P relationship for 1230 organic molecules having a wide variety of structures. The 1230 organic compounds investigated included general aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic molecules together with various drugs and agrochemicals. The predictive structure-log P model obtained by multiple regression analysis involved only 13 parameters for hydrophobic atoms, hydrophilic atoms, their proximity effects, unsaturated bonds, amphoteric property, and several specific functionalities. A saturation effect was recognized in the parameters for hydrophobic and hydrophilic atoms, and unsaturated bonds. The structure-log P relationship was highly significant as the F-statistics=900.4. This simple method appears accurate enough for semiquantitative uses in structure-activity rating studies, especially for quantitative structure-activity relationship in toxicity.