gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Astrocyte expression of mRNA encoding cytokines IP‐10 and JE/MCP‐1 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (1993)

Mononuclear leukocytes preferentially accumulate in the central nervous system (CNS) during the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). To address factors that govern leukocyte trafficking in EAE, we monitored expression of mRNAs encoding IP-10 and JE/MCP-1, which are members of a family of chemoattractant cytokines. A transient burst of IP-10 and JE/MCP-1 mRNA accumulation in the CNS occurred, in close relation to the onset of histologic and clinical disease. In situ hybridizations showed, unexpectedly, that astrocytes were the major source of mRNAs encoding IP-10 and JE/MCP-1. These observations implicate astrocyte-derived cytokines as potential chemoattractants for inflammatory cells during EAE.
Task-specific ionic liquids for the extraction of metal ions from aqueous solutions (2001)

Imidazolium cations, such as those commonly used in preparing ionic liquids (ILs) can easily be derivatized to include task-specific functionality, such as metal ligating groups that when used as part of the solvent or doped into less expensive ILs, dramatically enhance the partitioning of targeted metal ions into the IL phase from water; the strategy of preparing task-specific ILs is applicable to a wide range of designer solvent needs.
Chemical vapor deposition of 4H–SiC epitaxial layers on porous SiC substrates (2001)

Epitaxial 4H–SiC layers were grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on porous silicon carbide. Porous SiC substrates were fabricated by the formation of a 2 to 15 μm thick porous SiC layer on commercial off-axis 4H–SiC substrates. The thickness of CVD grown layers was about 2.5 μm. The concentration Nd–Na in the layers was about 7×1015 cm−3. The layers were investigated for their surface roughness, crystal structure, deep level concentration, and minority carrier diffusion length. It was found that the characteristics of SiC epitaxial layers grown on porous SiC substrates were significantly improved compared to those of SiC layers grown on standard SiC substrates.
Regulation of Interferon Regulatory Factor-3 by the Hepatitis C Virus Serine Protease (2003)

Persistent infections with hepatitis C virus (HCV) are likely to depend on viral inhibition of host defenses. We show that the HCV NS3/4A serine protease blocks the phosphorylation and effector action of interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3), a key cellular antiviral signaling molecule. Disruption of NS3/4A protease function by mutation or a ketoamide peptidomimetic inhibitor relieved this blockade and restored IRF-3 phosphorylation after cellular challenge with an unrelated virus. Furthermore, dominant-negative or constitutively active IRF-3 mutants, respectively, enhanced or suppressed HCV RNA replication in hepatoma cells. Thus, the NS3/4A protease represents a dual therapeutic target, the inhibition of which may both block viral replication and restore IRF-3 control of HCV infection.
A programmable HIPPI interface for a graphics supercomputer (1993)

As networks approach gigabit performance, supercomputer host interfaces are becoming the communication bottleneck. The Network Interface Unit (NIU) is a highperformance host interface for Pixel Planes 5, a custom graphics supercomputer.
The induction and maintenance of central sensitization is dependent on N -methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor activation; implications for the treatment of post-injury pain hypersensitivity states (1991)

Repetitive stimulation of small diameter primary afferent fibres produces a progressive increase in action potential discharge (windup) and a prolonged increase in the excitability of neurones in the spinal cord following the stimulus. Previous studies have demonstrated that windup is the consequence of the temporal summation of slow synaptic potentials and that the slow potentials and windup are reduced by pretreatment with N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) antagonists. We have now examined whether primary afferent induced hypersensitivity states in flexor motoneurones are also dependent on the activation of NMDA receptors and whether windup is a possible trigger for the production of the central hypersensitivity. Both a non-competitive (MK-801) and a competitive (D-CPP) NMDA antagonist, at doses that did not modify the baseline reflex, reduced the facilitation of the flexor reflex produced by either brief electrical stimulation of the sural nerve (1 Hz for 20 sec at C-fibre strength), or by the cutaneous application of the chemical irritant mustard oil. These antagonists also prevented windup from occurring in the motoneurones. When the the MK-801 and the D-CPP were administered once a state of central facilitation had been induced by prior treatment with mustard oil, they returned the facilitated reflex to its pretreatment level. These results indicate that NMDA receptors are involved in the induction and maintenance of the central sensitization produced by high threshold primary afferent inputs. Because central sensitization is likely to contribute to the post-injury pain hypersensitivity states in man, these data have a bearing both on the potential role of NMDA antagonists for pre-emptive analgesia and for treating established pain states.
Benzoxazoles as Transthyretin Amyloid Fibril Inhibitors: Synthesis, Evaluation, and Mechanism of Action (2003)

Benzoxazoles pevent misfolding: Benzoxazole-based inhibitors of transthyretin (TTR) amyloid fibril formation are among the most effective found to date. They stabilize TTR against both acid-mediated misfolding and urea denaturation by raising the activation barrier to tetramer dissociation, the rate-limiting step for amyloid formation. The figure depicts the cocrystal structure of one of the better benzoxazole inhibitors bound to TTR.
The 56K autoantigen is identical to human annexin XI. (1994)

Anti-56K autoantibodies are present in sera from patients with various autoimmune diseases, predominantly in sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, or Sjögren's syndrome. To clarify the molecular structure of this autoantigen, we isolated a 2.0-kilobase pair cDNA clone considered to encode the full-length 56K autoantigen. The longest open reading frame encodes a 505-amino acid polypeptide, with a predicted molecular mass of 54.4 kDa. The in vitro translated protein is recognized by all anti-56K positive patient sera tested. Antibodies affinity-purified using the bacterially expressed recombinant protein recognized the 56K autoantigen in a HeLa cell extract. cDNA sequencing revealed that the 56K cDNA shares a high degree of homology in both nucleotide (87%) and amino acid sequence (92.5%) with bovine annexin XI, indicating that the 56K cDNA encodes the human homologue of annexin XI, a member of the Ca(2+)-dependent phospholipid binding protein family. Anti-56K autoantibody exhibits both a cytoplasmic and a nuclear staining in immunofluorescence experiments. Patients' sera recognize preferentially the N-terminal region of the protein, which is specific for 56K/annexin XI and not shared by other annexins, indicating that the autoimmune response to 56K/annexin XI in these patients is specific for this annexin family member.
Materials and Designs for Wirelessly Powered Implantable Light‐Emitting Systems (2012)

Strategies are presented to achieve bendable and stretchable systems of microscale inorganic light-emitting diodes with wireless powering schemes, suitable for use in implantable devices. The results include materials strategies, together with studies of the mechanical, electronic, thermal and radio frequency behaviors both in vitro and in in-vivo animal experiments.
The Equivalency of Infrared Tympanic Membrane Thermometry with Standard Thermometry in Nursing Home Residents (1992)

Therefore, TM was at least equivalent or better than PO measures of temperature in this population. The efficacy of fever detection and the use and durability of long-term use by nursing staff needs to be studied.
All-fiber acousto-optic tunable filters (2007)

Several types of all-fiber tunable filters are described where acoustic wave and optical wave are guided along the same optical fiber.
Evaluation of a radioactive rRNA:cDNA-hybridisation assay for the direct detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in urogenital specimens. (1989)

A radioactive cDNA probe complementary to chlamydial ribosomal RNA was used to detect C trachomatis in urogenital specimens. Of 37 specimens positive with cell culture 31 were confirmed by the rRNA:cDNA hybridisation test, the sensitivity being 83.8%. The specificity of the hybridisation test was 94.4%, as 186 of 197 specimens that were negative by cell culture were also negative when assessed by the hybridisation method. Given a prevalence of 15.8% the predictive values for positive and negative results were 73.8% and 96.9%, respectively. In additional experiments the possible role of microorganisms added to the specimen collection medium was investigated. However, no indication for crosshybridisation was found; at high concentrations microorganisms interfered with the test procedure.
The Intrinsic Protein Flexibility of Endogenous Protease Inhibitor TIMP-1 Controls Its Binding Interface and Affects Its Function (2010)

Protein flexibility is thought to play key roles in numerous biological processes, including antibody affinity maturation, signal transduction, and enzyme catalysis, yet only limited information is available regarding the molecular details linking protein dynamics with function. A single point mutation at the distal site of the endogenous tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) enables this clinical target protein to tightly bind and inhibit membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) by increasing only the association constant. The high-resolution X-ray structure of this complex determined at 2 A could not explain the mechanism of enhanced binding and pointed to a role for protein conformational dynamics. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations reveal that the high-affinity TIMP-1 mutants exhibit significantly reduced binding interface flexibility and more stable hydrogen bond networks. This was accompanied by a redistribution of the ensemble of substrates to favorable binding conformations that fit the enzyme catalytic site. Apparently, the decrease in backbone flexibility led to a lower entropy cost upon formation of the complex. This work quantifies the effect of a single point mutation on the protein conformational dynamics and function of TIMP-1. Here we argue that controlling the intrinsic protein dynamics of MMP endogenous inhibitors may be utilized for rationalizing the design of selective novel protein inhibitors for this class of enzymes.
Multivesicular liposomes containing cytarabine entrapped in the presence of hydrochloric acid for intracavitary chemotherapy. (1987)

For a full exploitation of the 1000-fold ip pharmacokinetic advantage obtained when cytarabine is administered ip, the drug exposure must be prolonged because the drug is a cell cycle phase-specific agent. Multivesicular liposomes made from nontoxic components were studied as biodegradable, slow-release microcapsules for intracavitary therapy. No attempt was made to increase efficacy by fusing liposomal membrane with that of tumor cells or by selective targeting of liposomes to cancer cells other than simple administration into a cavity. The presence of HCl with cytarabine at the time of encapsulation was found to decrease the leakage rate in human plasma dramatically. After ip administration of encapsulated cytarabine to mice, the total intracavitary drug concentration initially increased tenfold in 15 hours, then fell to the original concentration at 87 hours. The total amount of the drug in the peritoneal cavity decreased with a 21-hour half-life. All mice treated 24 hours after ip inoculation with 1 X 10(6) L1210 cells were cured when 32 mg/kg or 16 mg/kg of cytarabine in liposomes was given ip every 4 days for a total of three doses. Multivesicular liposomes do prolong intracavitary exposure to cytarabine and are efficacious in this model system.
Inflammation and Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Enlarging Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (1995)

The risk of rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm increases with aortic diameter. To obtain insight into the pathological processes associated with the vascular remodeling that accompanies aortic dilatation, we compared the histological features and the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in biopsies from 21 small (4.0 to 5.5 cm in diameter) and 45 larger abdominal aortic aneurysms. The histological feature most clearly associated with enlarging aneurysm diameter was a higher density of inflammatory cells in the adventitia, P = .018. This inflammation was nonspecific, principally macrophages and B lymphocytes. Fibrosis of the adventitia provided compensatory thickening of the aortic wall as the aneurysm diameter increased. A combination of zymography and immunoblotting identified gelatinase A (MMP-2) as the principal metallogelatinase in small aneurysms, whereas zymography indicated an increasing activity of gelatinase B (MMP-9) in large aneurysms. Homogenates prepared from both small and large aneurysms had similar total activity against gelatin or type IV collagen. However, the concentration of gelatinase A, determined by immunoassay, was highest for small aneurysms: median concentrations, 385, 244, and 166 ng/mg protein for small aneurysms, large aneurysms, and atherosclerotic aorta, respectively. Immunolocalization studies indicated that gelatinase A was concentrated along fibrous tissue of both the acellular media and the atherosclerotic plaque. The recruitment of inflammatory cells into the adventitia, with subsequent elaboration of metalloproteinases, including gelatinase B, may contribute to the rapid growth and rupture of larger aneurysms.
A urine inhibitor of interleukin 1 activity affects both interleukin 1 alpha and 1 beta but not tumor necrosis factor alpha. (1987)

Urine from monocytic leukemia and other febrile patients contains an inhibitor of interleukin 1 (IL-1), as measured by prostaglandin E2 and collagenase production by human fibroblasts and synovial cells. With the use of recombinant IL-1, the IL-1 inhibitor was partially purified by using ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion-exchange, and gel filtration chromatographies. IL-1 inhibitory activity elutes with an 18,000 to 25,000 apparent molecular size. The same fractions also inhibit IL-1 assayed by the proliferation of murine thymocytes and human fibroblasts. Both forms of human recombinant IL-1, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta, which show only 26% homology, but nevertheless bind to the same receptor, are affected by this natural inhibitor to the same extent. In contrast, human recombinant tumor necrosis factor, which shares some of the biologic activities of IL-1, is not inhibited by the urinary IL-1 inhibitor. This study shows that the various biologic activities of both forms of human recombinant IL-1 are inhibited by a partially purified natural urine-derived factor.
Patched controls the Hedgehog gradient by endocytosis in a dynamin-dependent manner, but this internalization does not play a major role in signal transduction (2004)

The Hedgehog (Hh) morphogenetic gradient controls multiple developmental patterning events in Drosophila and vertebrates. Patched (Ptc), the Hh receptor, restrains both Hh spreading and Hh signaling. We report how endocytosis regulates the concentration and activity of Hh in the wing imaginal disc. Our studies show that Ptc limits the Hh gradient by internalizing Hh through endosomes in a dynamin-dependent manner, and that both Hh and Ptc are targeted to lysosomal degradation. We also found that the ptc(14) mutant does not block Hh spreading, as it has a failure in endocytosis. However, this mutant protein is able to control the expression of Hh target genes as the wild-type protein, indicating that the internalization mediated by Ptc is not required for signal transduction. In addition, we noted that both in this mutant and in those not producing Ptc protein, Hh still occurred in the endocytic vesicles of Hh-receiving cells, suggesting the existence of a second, Ptc-independent, mechanism of Hh internalization.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW DIFUNCTIONALIZED 4‐NITROISOXAZOLES FROM α‐NITROACETOPHENONE OXIME (1985)

Abstract Die aus dem Nitroacetophenon‐oxim (I) erhaltenen Oximester (III) werden unter Triethylamin‐Katalyse zu den Nitro‐isoxazolen (IV) cyclisiert.
Simplified Preparation of Some Trisubstituted Phosphine Oxides. (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimplified Preparation of Some Trisubstituted Phosphine Oxides.T. H. Siddall III and M. A. DavisCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1965, 10, 3, 303–305Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1965https://doi.org/10.1021/je60026a031Request reuse permissionsArticle Views83Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (264 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Diversity in specificity, abundance, and composition of anti-Neu5Gc antibodies in normal humans: Potential implications for disease (2008)

Human heterophile antibodies that agglutinate animal erythrocytes are known to detect the nonhuman sialic acid N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). This monosaccharide cannot by itself fill the binding site (paratope) of an antibody and can also be modified and presented in various linkages, on diverse underlying glycans. Thus, we hypothesized that the human anti-Neu5Gc antibody response is diverse and polyclonal. Here, we use a novel set of natural and chemoenzymatically synthesized glycans to show that normal humans have an abundant and diverse spectrum of such anti-Neu5Gc antibodies, directed against a variety of Neu5Gc-containing epitopes. High sensitivity and specificity assays were achieved by using N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac)-containing probes (differing from Neu5Gc by one less oxygen atom) as optimal background controls. The commonest anti-Neu5Gc antibodies are of the IgG class. Moreover, the range of reactivity and Ig classes of antibodies vary greatly amongst normal humans, with some individuals having remarkably large amounts, even surpassing levels of some well-known natural blood group and xenoreactive antibodies. We purified these anti-Neu5Gc antibodies from individual human sera using a newly developed affinity method and showed that they bind to wild-type but not Neu5Gc-deficient mouse tissues. Moreover, they bind back to human carcinomas that have accumulated Neu5Gc in vivo. As dietary Neu5Gc is primarily found in red meat and milk products, we suggest that this ongoing antigen-antibody reaction may generate chronic inflammation, possibly contributing to the high frequency of diet-related carcinomas and other diseases in humans.
Treatment of Agricultural Wastewater in a Combined Tidal Flow-downflow Reed Bed System (1999)

In this study, the efficacy of a full-scale combined tidal flow-downflow reed bed system was tested for the treatment of agricultural wastewater with average BOD5 of 1100 mg/l and NH4-N of 329.5 mg/l. At a mean flow rate of 2.0 m3/d, the BOD5 and COD of the influent were reduced across the system by 97.6% and 71.3%, respectively. Considerable SS and PO4-P removals were also achieved. NH4-N was reduced by 93.1%. Nitrification proved to be the major process for NH4-N reduction. Although a further polishing treatment is needed, the average BOD5 and NH4-N levels of the treated wastewater were close to those frequently required in UK discharge consents. The highest BOD5, COD and NH4-N removals and oxygen consumption rate were achieved in the tidal flow stage of the combined system; this suggests that the rhythmical air/water movement in the matrix of the tidal flow beds can benefit the treatment by providing higher oxygen flux and more efficient utilisation of the available bed volume. Better results for BOD5, COD and NH4-N removals were obtained in downflow beds with water recirculation than in those without this recycle. Therefore the recirculation of effluent around each treatment stage is a suitable technique for improving the performance of downflow reed beds.
Lateral-feed displacement in a paraboloid (1965)

The beam shift and degradation of a paraboloidal reflector with an offset feed is analyzed by the scalar plane wave theory. Higher order coma terms are included with the feed at its optimum axial position. The beam characteristics for a tapered circularly symmetric illumination are presented. The range of validity of the approximate analysis is indicated.
Investigation of water-soluble x-ray luminescence nanoparticles for photodynamic activation (2008)

In this letter, we report the synthesis of LaF3:Tb3+–meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl) porphine (MTCP) nanoparticle conjugates and investigate the energy transfer as well as singlet oxygen generation following x-ray irradiation. Our observations indicate that LaF3:Tb3+-MTCP nanoparticle conjugates are efficient photodynamic agents that can be initiated by x-rays at a reasonably low dose. The addition of folic acid to facilitate targeting to folate receptors on tumor cells has no effect on the quantum yield of singlet oxygen production in the nanoparticle-MTCP conjugates. Our pilot studies indicate that water-soluble scintillation nanoparticles can potentially be used to activate photodynamic therapy as a promising deep cancer treatment modality.
Noncoherent parallel optical processor for discrete two-dimensional linear transformations (1980)

We describe a parallel optical processor, based on a lenslet array, that provides general linear two-dimensional transformations using noncoherent light. Such a processor could become useful in image- and signal-processing applications in which the throughput requirements cannot be adequately satisfied by state-of-the-art digital processors. Experimental results that illustrate the feasibility of the processor by demonstrating its use in parallel optical computation of the two-dimensional Walsh-Hadamard transformation are presented.