gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-temperature electronics - a role for wide bandgap semiconductors? (2002)

The fact that wide bandgap semiconductors are capable of electronic functionality at much higher temperatures than silicon has partially fueled their development, particularly in the case of SiC. It appears unlikely that wide bandgap semiconductor devices will find much use in low-power transistor applications until the ambient temperature exceeds approximately 300/spl deg/C, as commercially available silicon and silicon-on-insulator technologies are already satisfying requirements for digital and analog VLSI in this temperature range. However practical operation of silicon power devices at ambient temperatures above 200/spl deg/C appears problematic, as self-heating at higher power levels results in high internal junction temperatures and leakages. Thus, most electronic subsystems that simultaneously require high-temperature and high-power operation will necessarily be realized using wide bandgap devices, once they become widely available. Technological challenges impeding the realization of beneficial wide bandgap high ambient temperature electronics, including material growth, contacts, and packaging, are briefly discussed.
Satellite Droplet Formation in a Liquid Jet (1977)

The formation and behavior of satellite droplets in a liquid jet is investigated experimentally and theoretically. The satellite droplet break-off distance is measured stroboscopically as a function of the frequency and amplitude of nozzle vibration. A second-order analysis of spatial instability is developed, which demonstrates the essential features of satellite formation as it is observed. Satellite formation is least likely to occur when the main-drop spacing is five to seven times the jet diameter.
Photonic Crystal Fibers (2003)

Photonic crystal fibers guide light by corralling it within a periodic array of microscopic air holes that run along the entire fiber length. Largely through their ability to overcome the limitations of conventional fiber optics-for example, by permitting low-loss guidance of light in a hollow core-these fibers are proving to have a multitude of important technological and scientific applications spanning many disciplines. The result has been a renaissance of interest in optical fibers and their uses.
Vectored Intracerebral Immunization with the Anti-Tau Monoclonal Antibody PHF1 Markedly Reduces Tau Pathology in Mutant Tau Transgenic Mice (2016)

We have used an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector to deliver the genes encoding an anti-phospho-tau monoclonal antibody, PHF1, directly to the brain of mice that develop neurodegeneration due to a tau mutation that causes frontotemporal dementia (FTD). When administered systemically, PHF1 has been shown to modestly reduce tau pathology and neurodegeneration. Since such antibodies do not readily cross the blood-brain barrier, we used an AAV vector to deliver antibody directly to the hippocampus and observed much higher antibody levels and a much greater reduction in tau pathology. Using AAV vectors to deliver antibodies like PHF1 directly to brain may constitute a novel approach to treating various neurodegenerative disorders, such as FTD and Alzheimer's disease.
Gene Delivery by Lentivirus Vectors An Overview (2004)

For more than two decades, retroviral biology has been the most intensely studied field in virology. The retroviral genome is encoded by a 7-11 kb positivesense single-stranded RNA molecule, two of which homodimerize and package in lipid-enveloped viral particles. Following attachment and receptor-mediated entry into host cells, viral reverse transcriptase and integrase enzymes mediate reverse transcription and integration of the virus genome into the host-cell chromatin. The ability of a replication competent retrovirus to incorporate a herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (tk) gene into the genome of a mouse cell and to convert NIH-3T3 TK- cells into TK+ transformants was first described in 1981 (1,2). These studies established the basis of using retroviruses as vehicles for efficient therapeutic gene delivery into mammalian cells. Twenty years of extensive research of retrovirus-vector biology resulted in major improvements in vector design and retrovirus-vector production. High-titer concentrated retrovirus vectors (>10(9) infectious units [IU]/mL) can be generated by several retrovirusvector stable producer lines. The ability to pseudotype retrovirus vectors with a variety of envelope proteins, including the vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein (VSV-G), significantly broadens the tropism of replication-defective retrovirus vectors.
Phenols as enhancers of the chemiluminescent horseradish peroxidase-luminol-hydrogen peroxide reaction: application in luminescence-monitored enzyme immunoassays. (1985)

Certain phenol derivatives, including p-iodophenol and p-phenylphenol, enhance light emission from the horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of cyclic diacyl hydrazides such as luminol. The light emission decays slowly (glowing for several minutes) and its intensity may be greater than 1000-fold that of the unenhanced reaction. The enhanced system enables rapid, sensitive assay of peroxidase conjugates. We describe its application in immunoassays for human choriogonadotropin, digoxin, and factor VIII-related antigen. Luminescent quantification of peroxidase labels has been directly incorporated into immunoassays based on beads, tubes, or microtiter plates, used in conjunction with photodetectors such as photomultiplier tubes or instant photographic film. Enhancement with phenol derivatives exceeds that achieved with 6-hydroxybenzothiazole derivatives and depends on pH and enhancer concentration. Emission spectra of phenol-enhanced and unenhanced reactions are remarkably similar, suggesting that the enhancers do not act as more efficient emitters but exert their action earlier in the complex reaction between peroxidase, oxidant, and luminol.
<title>Object-oriented color management system</title> (1993)

Color management system (CMS) plays an important role in color image processing systems to maintain consistent color appearance among various devices on a network. Considering a network environment, the conventional CMS depends deeply on the configuration of the network and the system. This paper describes an object-oriented CMS architecture and its implementation strategy for a distributed environment name Network CMS (NCMS). NCMS can keep the consistency of the device profiles and needs not to be installed on all the work stations on a network. The discussion of the effectiveness of NCMS shows that it suits well for color management on a distributed system due to its object-oriented features and the Client- Server model implementation. This system will be a good test bed to explore advanced color document processing systems and future color interchange facilities.
Cell Cycle Regulation of Myosin-V by Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II (2001)

Organelle transport by myosin-V is down-regulated during mitosis, presumably by myosin-V phosphorylation. We used mass spectrometry phosphopeptide mapping to show that the tail of myosin-V was phosphorylated in mitotic Xenopus egg extract on a single serine residue localized in the carboxyl-terminal organelle-binding domain. Phosphorylation resulted in the release of the motor from the organelle. The phosphorylation site matched the consensus sequence of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and inhibitors of CaMKII prevented myosin-V release. The modulation of cargo binding by phosphorylation is likely to represent a general mechanism regulating organelle transport by myosin-V.
Selection and Genetic Analysis of a Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Strain with High Levels of Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins (1995)

Journal Article Selection and Genetic Analysis of a Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Strain with High Levels of Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins Get access Fred Gould, Fred Gould Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Arne Anderson, Arne Anderson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alan Reynolds, Alan Reynolds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lara Bumgarner, Lara Bumgarner Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William Moar William Moar Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 88, Issue 6, 1 December 1995, Pages 1545–1559, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/88.6.1545 Published: 01 December 1995 Article history Received: 26 October 1994 Accepted: 11 July 1995 Published: 01 December 1995
Altered β-adrenergic regulation of Na-K-Cl cotransport in cultured smooth muscle cells from the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats role of the cytoskeleton network* (1995)

To verify the hypothesis of Na-K-Cl cotransport (COTR) involvement in ion transport abnormalities as revealed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), we compared the rate of ouabain-insensitive, bumetanide-inhibited 86Rb influx in quiescent and growing cultures of VSMC from the aorta of SHR and normotensive (BN.lx) rats and its regulation by the cAMP signaling system. Basal COTR was not altered in quiescent cells from SHR but was decreased by 30% to 40% (P < .02) in growing SHR VSMC as compared to BN.lx rats. In quiescent BN.lx VSMC, isoproterenol inhibited COTR by 50% and induced cell shape transition of > 90% of cells, resulting in the appearance of rounded VSMC with arborized cytoplasms. In contrast, isoproterenol elicited cell shape transition in only 50% of quiescent SHR VSMC and did not modify COTR. In growing cells, it decreased COTR by 85% to 95% and altered cell morphology in > 95% of VSMC without differences between SHR and BN.lx rats. Neither inhibitors of protein kinase A (H-89 and KT-5720) nor an inhibitor of phosphoprotein phosphatase (okadaic acid) affected cell shape transition and COTR suppression in isoproterenol-treated VSMC. The COTR suppression and cytoplasm arborization was also demonstrated by the addition of cytochalasin B, a disintegrator of microfilament bundles, and staurosporine, an inhibitor of protein kinase C. The effects of these compounds on COTR and SHR and BN.lx VSMC morphology were not different. The calmodulin antagonist R24571 decreased COTR by 60% to 70% in quiescent BN.lx VSMC and did not modify this carrier in SHR VSMC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Neural plasticity in adults with amblyopia. (1996)

Amblyopia is a neuronal abnormality of vision that is often considered irreversible in adults. We found strong and significant improvement of Vernier acuity in human adults with naturally occurring amblyopia following practice. Learning was strongest at the trained orientation and did not transfer to an untrained task (detection), but it did transfer partially to the untrained eye (primarily at the trained orientation). We conclude that this perceptual learning reflects alterations in early neural processes that are localized beyond the site of convergence of the two eyes. Our results suggest a significant degree of plasticity in the visual system of adults with amblyopia.
Optic Disc and Visual Field Changes in a Prospective Longitudinal Study of Patients With Glaucoma (2001)

Glaucomatous disc changes determined with scanning laser tomography occur more frequently than field changes. Most patients with field changes also had disc changes; however, less than half of those with disc changes had field changes.
Patellar tendon and anterior cruciate ligament have different mitogenic responses to platelet‐derived growth factor and transforming growth factor β (1996)

The healing responses of the anterior cruciate ligament and the patellar tendon differ markedly. The anterior cruciate ligament fails to heal, whereas the patellar tendon heals slowly. The basis of these differences is unknown. Since cellular proliferation is a critical element of healing, we investigated the response to explants of anterior cruciate ligament and patellar tendon from sheep knees to platelet-derived growth factor-AB and transforming growth factor beta 1 as a function of time and dose. Explants cultured for 48, 72, and 96 hours with transforming growth factor beta 1 (0-100 ng/ml) or platelet-derived growth factor-AB (0-200 ng/ml) were radiolabeled for the final 24 hours with [3H]thymidine, and DNA synthesis was quantified as trichloroacetic acid-precipitable radioactivity normalized to dry tissue weight. Statistical analyses (analysis of variance) showed that transforming growth factor beta 1 induced a significant proliferative response in the anterior cruciate ligament at 96 hours with equivalent responses at 10, 50, and 100 ng/ml, whereas the patellar tendon only responded to one condition, 10 ng/ml at 96 hours. Conversely, the patellar tendon had a significant dose-dependent response to platelet-derived growth factor-AB at 72 and 96 hours, whereas the anterior cruciate ligament showed no proliferative response to platelet-derived growth factor-AB. The minimal response of anterior cruciate ligament to platelet-derived growth factor-AB could explain, at least in part, the poor repair capacity of this tissue. The response of the anterior cruciate ligament to transforming growth factor beta suggests that exogenous transforming growth factor beta may promote initial healing. Although growth factors have the potential to modulate soft-tissue repair, tissue responses in tendons and ligaments may vary at different anatomic sites.
Acne‐photodynamic therapy with intra‐lesional injection of 5‐aminolevulinic acid (2009)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment option for acne patients who fail to respond to conventional therapy. Although potent, we experience side effects such as erythema, exfoliation and dyspigmentation. In attempt to specify treatment and shorten the incubation time, we injected 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) to the individual lesion. The results of intralesional injection ILI-PDT and conventional PDT are compared in this study.
Expression of the Bacillus subtilis gabP gene is regulated independently in response to nitrogen and amino acid availability (1996)

Expression from the Bacillus subtilis nrg-21 locus Increases 26-fold during nitrogen-limited growth. The DNA corresponding to this locus was cloned and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence revealed a gene that could encode a protein with sequence similarity to the Escherichia coll gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) permease. A transposon insertion in this locus eliminated the uptake of GABA and severely inhibited the utilization of GABA as a nitrogen source. Primer extension analysis revealed that the B. subtilis gabP gene was transcribed from two overlapping promoters. Transcription from the P1 promoter was repressed during growth in the presence of amino acids. The product of the codY gene proved to be required for this repression. Transcription from the P2 promoter increased during nitrogen-limited growth and was dependent upon the product of the tnrA gene. Deletion analysis revealed that activation of the P2 promoter during nitrogen-limited growth requires a nucleotide sequence located upstream of its -35 region. Regulation of gabP expression by the CodY and TnrA regulatory systems, which respond to different physiological signals, allows for a wide range of gabP expression during growth on various nitrogen sources.
Modeling individual differences in working memory performance: a source activation account (2001)

Working memory resources are needed for processing and maintenance of information during cognitive tasks. Many models have been developed to capture the effects of limited working memory resources on performance. However, most of these models do not account for the finding that different individuals show different sensitivities to working memory demands, and none of the models predicts individual subjects' patterns of performance. We propose a computational model that accounts for differences in working memory capacity in terms of a quantity called source activation, which is used to maintain goal-relevant information in an available state. We apply this model to capture the working memory effects of individual subjects at a fine level of detail across two experiments. This, we argue, strengthens the interpretation of source activation as working memory capacity.
News (1999)

I first met Hilda during a conference at the University of Ulster in Belfast in 1994 where she was receiving yet another honorary doctorate for her unique contribution to mental health nursing.
A High-Yield Method for the Methylenation ofo-Dihydroxyaromatic Compounds: Synthesis of Methylenedioxycoumarins (1986)

Reaction of o-dihydroxycoumarins and catechols with sodium hydride in hexamethylphosphoric triamide and dihalomethane provides the corresponding methylenedioxy compounds under mild conditions and in excellent yields.
Elevated Expression Levels of Inhibitory Receptor Programmed Death 1 on Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8 T Cells during Chronic Infection but Not after Vaccination (2007)

Here, we study the temporal expression of the inhibitory receptor programmed death 1 (PD-1) on simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag-specific T cells following pathogenic SIV infection or following vaccination with a DNA/modified vaccinia virus Ankara (DNA/MVA) vaccine and simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) challenge in macaques. Following infection, the majority (>95%) of Gag-specific CD8 T cells expressed PD-1, and the level of PD-1 expression per cell increased over time. The level of PD-1 expression in lymph nodes and rectal mucosal tissue, the major sites of virus replication, was higher compared to blood. In vitro blockade of PD-1 resulted in enhanced proliferation of SIV-specific CD8 as well as CD4 T cells. In contrast, following vaccination, the majority of peak effector Gag-specific CD8 T cells expressed low levels of PD-1, and these levels decreased further as the cells differentiated into memory cells. In addition, following SHIV challenge of these vaccinated macaques, the level of PD-1 expression on Gag-specific CD8 T cells correlated positively with plasma viremia. These results demonstrate that SIV-specific CD8 T cells express PD-1 after exposure to antigen but downregulate expression under conditions of antigen clearance and enhance expression under conditions of antigen persistence. They also demonstrate that the level of PD-1 expression per cell rather than the presence or absence of expression plays an important role in regulating CD8 T-cell dysfunction in pathogenic SIV infection. In addition, they demonstrate that similar to HIV infection, the PD-1:PD-1 ligand inhibitory pathway is operational in pathogenic SIV infection, and the macaque/SIV model would be ideal to test the safety and therapeutic benefit of blocking this pathway in vivo.
Identification of tyrosine 806 as a molecular determinant of RET kinase sensitivity to ZD6474 (2008)

ZD6474 (vandetanib, Zactima, Astra Zeneca) is an anilinoquinazoline used to target the receptor tyrosine kinase RET in familial and sporadic thyroid carcinoma (IC(50): 100 nM). The aim of this study was to identify molecular determinants of RET sensitivity to ZD6474. Here, we show that mutation of RET tyrosine 806 to cysteine (Y806C) induced RET kinase resistance to ZD6474 (IC(50): 933 nM). Y806 maps close to the gate-keeper position at the RET kinase nucleotide-binding pocket. Although tyrosine 806 is a RET auto-phosphorylation site, its substitution to phenylalanine (Y806F) did not markedly affect RET susceptibility to ZD6474 (IC(50): 87 nM), suggesting that phosphorylation of Y806 is not required for compound binding. Accordingly, the introduction of a phosphomimetic residue (Y806E) also caused resistance to ZD6474, albeit of a lesser degree (IC(50): 512 nM) than the cysteine mutation. Y806C/E RET mutants were also resistant to ZD6474 with respect to intracellular signalling and activation of an AP1-responsive promoter. We conclude that Y806 is a molecular determinant of RET sensitivity to ZD6474. Y806C is a natural RET mutation identified in a patient affected by multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B. Based on its rare occurrence, it is unlikely that Y806C will be a frequent cause of refractoriness to ZD6474; however, it may be envisaged that mutations at this site can mediate secondary resistance formation in patients treated with the compound.
Synthesis and processing of glycoprotein D of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in an in vitro system (1983)

We carried out studies of in vitro translation and processing of glycoprotein D (gD) of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 by using mRNA from cells infected for 6 h and a reticulocyte lysate translation system. Polypeptides of 49,000 daltons were immunoprecipitated with anti-gD-1 sera. Each in vitro-synthesized molecule had the same methionine tryptic peptide profile as the respective in vivo precursors, pgD-1 and pgD-2. In addition, the polypeptides synthesized in vitro were larger than the corresponding molecules synthesized in the presence of tunicamycin. This suggested that each of the gD polypeptides synthesized in vitro contained a transient N-terminal signal sequence. When the translation mixture was supplemented with pancreatic microsomes, each of the gD polypeptides was converted cotranslationally to a larger-molecular-weight form. Processing involved addition of three N-asparagine-linked oligosaccharides and removal of the signal peptide. When trypsin was added after in vitro processing, a polypeptide which was 3,000 daltons smaller than the in vitro-modified form of gD was immunoprecipitated. Experiments with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H showed that this polypeptide still contained the three N-asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. Two monoclonal antibodies, 57S (group V) and 17O (group VII), were used to further orient gD in microsomes. The group V determinant was located in the trypsin-sensitive 3,000-dalton fragment, and the group VII determinant was located in the portion of gD which was protected from trypsin. We concluded that gD is oriented with the three glycosylation sites inside the vesicles and that 3,000 daltons containing the group V determinant are located outside. Immunofluorescence studies indicated that the group V determinant of gD is inside the plasma membrane of herpes simplex virus-infected cells and that the group VII determinant is outside. This cellular orientation is consistent with predictions based on the in vitro experiments.
Immunogenicity of Therapeutic Proteins: The Use of Animal Models (2011)

Immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins lowers patient well-being and drastically increases therapeutic costs. Preventing immunogenicity is an important issue to consider when developing novel therapeutic proteins and applying them in the clinic. Animal models are increasingly used to study immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins. They are employed as predictive tools to assess different aspects of immunogenicity during drug development and have become vital in studying the mechanisms underlying immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins. However, the use of animal models needs critical evaluation. Because of species differences, predictive value of such models is limited, and mechanistic studies can be restricted. This review addresses the suitability of animal models for immunogenicity prediction and summarizes the insights in immunogenicity that they have given so far.