gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genesis of human oncolytic natural killer cells from primitive CD34+CD33- bone marrow progenitors (1993)

We have found that fully functional CD56+CD3- NK cells can be generated from highly enriched populations of CD34+ human bone marrow progenitors in long term bone marrow culture (LTBMC) with IL-2. Strong lytic activity against K-562 cells was observed after 2 to 3 weeks of culture and coincided with the appearance of CD56+CD3- large granular lymphocytes, which comprised 55 to 84% of cells. In contrast, lymphocytes generated from CD34- bone marrow cells were predominantly CD56-CD3+ T cells. The phenotypic profile of NK cells generated in LTBMC differed from that of IL-2-cultured peripheral blood NK cells. Specifically, a lower percentage of LTBMC-derived NK cells coexpressed CD16, CD2, CD7, and CD8 Ag. NK cells generated in LTMBC proliferated actively, with an expansion index ranging from two- to 200-fold. Furthermore, NK cells were generated from the CD34+CD33- hematopoietic subset, which had been depleted of the myeloid-committed progenitors (CD34+CD33+). Generation of cytotoxic NK cells in LTBMC was dependent on the dose of IL-2; although CD56+CD3- NK cells were generated in LTBMC supplemented with a broad range of doses (10 to 10(3) U/ml) of IL-2, the acquisition of full cytotoxic function required a high concentration of IL-2 (10(3) U/ml). These observations demonstrate the IL-2-driven differentiation of NK cells from early bone marrow progenitors and indicate that LTBMC may provide an excellent model for studies of NK cell lineage and differentiation in normal and pathologic conditions.
A randomized, double blind, controlled study on the effects of addition of clonidine to bupivacaine used for patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia (2011)

The Sri Lankan Journal of Anaesthesiology is the official journal of the College of Anaesthesiologists of Sri Lanka. It publishes clinical investigations, research articles, audits, case reports, review articles and CME articles relating to anaesthesiology, critical care and pain. It is published bi annually in January and June. Sri Lankan Journal of Anaesthesiology is included on DOAJ and Scopus.
An Information Fusion Semantic and Service Enablement Platform: the FusionLab Approach (2011)

International audience
Novel metal-clad optical components and method of isolating high-index substrates for forming integrated optical circuits (1975)

One of the difficulties in integrated optics is to form passive and active devices of different materials on a common substrate. We have solved part of the difficulty by introducing a technique of isolating low-index devices from a high-index substrate. We also report novel metal-clad optical components which can be formed on any substrate.
Kinetic Analysis of InN Selective Area Metal–Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (2008)

The selective area metal–organic vapor phase epitaxy (SA-MOVPE) of InN was realized and its kinetics was investigated. InN deposition selectivity between the mask and the crystal surface was found to strongly depend on the growth temperature, and good selectivity was obtained above 600 °C. Under this growth condition, the thickness profile of InN between the masks exhibited a catenary shape, which resulted from the vapor phase diffusion. This fact shows that vapor phase diffusion is the dominant supply mechanism in InN SA-MOVPE as well as for the growth of GaN and InGaAsP. These kinetic analysis will contribute to the development of monolithically integrated AlInGaN-based devices.
Measurement of Internuclear Distances by Switched Angle Spinning NMR (1994)

Chem. Phys. 1986,85, 38161, has been used to measure I3C-l3C distances in the solid state. The experiment involves rotation of the sample at two different angles during different periods of a two-dimensional experiment. An evolution period with off-magic-angle spinning and chemical shift refocusing, followed by detection of the signal under magic angle spinning, yields scaled Pake patterns in 01, correlated with their isotropic shifts in 02, allowing the highrresolution measurement of dipolar couplings. We demonstrate this experiment on samples of doubly I3C labeled zinc acetate and a 14 amino acid peptide, in which we show that under optimal conditions distances of up to 5 A may be measured.
Adenosine A 3 Receptor Expression and Function in Mitochondria (2016)

Mitochondrial dysfunction is emerging as a common mechanism of a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, including chemotherapy‐induced neuropathic pain. We have recently found that administration of selective agonists to the G protein‐coupled, adenosine A 3 receptor (A 3 AR) prevents the development of chemotherapy‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction in peripheral sensory neurons that result peripheral neuropathy and chronic pain. Recent evidence also indicates the presence of G proteins and G‐coupled protein receptors within mitochondria, including the adenosine A 1 and A 2A receptors. Bioinformatic analysis revealed potential mitochondrial‐associated sequences in published A 3 AR protein sequences, thus prompting us to hypothesize that A 3 AR is associated with mitochondria and its signaling could regulate mitochondrial function. Using Western blot analysis and transmission immune‐electron microscopy, we report for the first time that A 3 AR is present in normal rat mitochondria purified from liver, spinal cord and peripheral blood lymphocytes. Moreover, we also report that when normal rodent mitochondria are pretreated with the selective A 3 AR agonist, MRS5890, they produced more ATP following ADP‐stimulation than mitochondria treated with its vehicle (0.002% DMSO). We also find that MRS5980 counteracts normal mitochondrial membrane depolarization during calcium mobilization. Collectively, our data provide the first evidence for the presence A 3 AR in mitochondria and initial mechanistic insight to its functional role in mitochondria that potentially could serve as a target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. Support or Funding Information NIH‐NCI CA169519
Polymeric nanomedicine for cancer MR imaging and drug delivery (2009)

Multifunctional nanomedicine is emerging as a highly integrated platform that allows for molecular diagnosis, targeted drug delivery, and simultaneous monitoring and treatment of cancer. Advances in polymer and materials science are critical for the successful development of these multi-component nanocomposites in one particulate system with such a small size confinement (<200 nm). Currently, several nanoscopic therapeutic and diagnostic systems have been translated into clinical practice. In this feature article, we will provide an up-to-date review on the development and biomedical applications of nanocomposite materials for cancer diagnosis and therapy. An overview of each functional component, i.e. polymer carriers, MR imaging agents, and therapeutic drugs, will be presented. Integration of different functional components will be illustrated in several highlighted examples to demonstrate the synergy of the multifunctional nanomedicine design.
Rational Design of Protein-Based MRI Contrast Agents (2008)

We describe the rational design of a novel class of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents with engineered proteins (CAi.CD2, i = 1, 2,..., 9) chelated with gadolinium. The design of protein-based contrast agents involves creating high-coordination Gd(3+) binding sites in a stable host protein using amino acid residues and water molecules as metal coordinating ligands. Designed proteins show strong selectivity for Gd(3+) over physiological metal ions such as Ca(2+), Zn(2+), and Mg(2+). These agents exhibit a 20-fold increase in longitudinal and transverse relaxation rate values over the conventional small-molecule contrast agents, e.g., Gd-DTPA (diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid), used clinically. Furthermore, they exhibit much stronger contrast enhancement and much longer blood retention time than Gd-DTPA in mice. With good biocompatibility and potential functionalities, these protein contrast agents may be used as molecular imaging probes to target disease markers, thereby extending applications of MRI.
Activated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase is an independent prognostic factor in clinically confined renal cell carcinoma (2009)

Expression of pERK is an independent prognostic factor in RCC that is associated with advanced and aggressive pathologic features of renal tumors and predicts the onset of metastasis in patients with localized disease.
Large Rashba Splitting in InAs Quantum Wells due to Electron Wave Function Penetration into the Barrier Layers (2000)

We report on zero-field spin splitting of two-dimensional electron systems. Though absent in the unbiased InAs square asymmetric quantum well (SAQW), the Rashba splitting becomes pronounced by applying a positive back-gate voltage. In our SAQW, the Rashba parameter alpha increases with electron density and is tuned by a factor of about 2 using an additional front gate without charging the well. We argue that the band-edge profile provides the important contribution for spin-orbit interaction due to barrier penetration of the envelope wave function. This mechanism can provide the potential for high speed implementation in spintronics.
L'aire d'attraction des villes brésilienne (2000)

L'IBGE (Institut bresilien de geographie et statistiques) a mene en 1993 l'enquete Regic sur les aires d'attraction des villes bresiliennes. Des cartes construites a partir de ces donnees montrent que Sao Paulo est de plus en plus clairement la vraie capitale du pays et que son aire d'attraction s'est etendue depuis vingt ans, notamment en Amazonie
ADP-ribosyltransferase mutations in the catalytic S-1 subunit of pertussis toxin (1988)

The ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of pertussis toxin resides within the S-1 subunit of the toxin. Deletion mapping of a recombinant S-1 subunit produced in Escherichia coli showed that amino acids 2 through 180 are required for ADP-ribosylation of Gi protein. Mutants of the S-1 subunit which lacked either amino acids 2 through 22 or amino acids 153 through 180 failed to express enzyme activity, implicating a functional or structural role for these residues in catalysis. The catalytic carboxy-terminal S-1 deletion, C-180, was found to be more soluble than the recombinant S-1 subunit, making it a useful construct for future structure-function studies on enzyme catalysis. Four independent single-amino-acid substitutions which decreased ADP-ribosyltransferase activity were constructed in the recombinant S-1 subunit. Substitution of Asp-11 by Ser, Arg-13 by Leu, or Trp-26 by Ile decreased enzyme activity to below detectable levels (less than 1.0% of that of the recombinant S-1 subunit). The Glu-139-to-Ser substitution reduced ADP-ribosyltransferase activity to 15% of that of the recombinant S-1 subunit. Both the oxidized and reduced forms of the recombinant S-1 subunit and recombinant S-1 subunits containing single-amino-acid substitutions were degraded through identical immunoreactive tryptic peptides, suggesting that the conformations of the mutants are similar to that of the recombinant S-1 subunit. Identification of noncatalytic forms of the S-1 subunit of pertussis toxin which have conserved protein structure is an initial step in the generation of a recombinant noncatalytic form of pertussis toxin which may be tested as a candidate for an acellular vaccine against Bordetella pertussis.
ZAP-70 Is Essential for the T Cell Antigen Receptor-induced Plasma Membrane Targeting of SOS and Vav in T Cells (2000)

Translocation of the SOS and Vav GDP/GTP exchange factors proximal to Ras and Rac GTPases localized in the plasma membrane glycolipid-enriched microdomains is a pivotal step required for T cell antigen receptor-induced T cell activation. Here we demonstrate that the T cell antigen receptor zeta-chain-associated ZAP-70 kinase and T cell antigen receptor zeta-chain immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs are essential for the membrane recruitment of SOS and Vav. Plasma membrane targeting of SOS or Vav begins with the assembly of ZAP-70 with Grb-2 and SOS. The subsequent tyrosine phosphorylation of LAT (linker for activation of T cell) by ZAP-70 leads to a shift in equilibrium from the ZAP-70.Grb-2.SOS(Vav) complex to the (Vav)SOS.Grb-2.LAT complex. This shift results in the targeting of SOS and Vav into glycolipid-enriched microdomains and initiation of the Ras and Rac signaling cascades involved in T cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production.
Simultaneous localization and mapping: part I (2006)

This paper describes the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem and the essential methods for solving the SLAM problem and summarizes key implementations and demonstrations of the method. While there are still many practical issues to overcome, especially in more complex outdoor environments, the general SLAM method is now a well understood and established part of robotics. Another part of the tutorial summarized more recent works in addressing some of the remaining issues in SLAM, including computation, feature representation, and data association.
Road curb tracking in an urban environment (2003)

Road detection and tracking is very useful in the synthesis of driver assistance and intelligent transportation systems.In this paper a methodology is proposed based on the extended Kalman filer for robust road curb detection and tracking using a combination of onboard active and passive sensors.The problem is formulated as detecting and tracking a maneuvering target in clutter using onboard sensors on a moving platform.The primary sensors utilized are a 2 dimensional SICK laser scanner, five encoders and a gyroscope, together with an image sensor (CCD camera).Compared to the active 2D laser scanner the CCD camera is capable of providing observations over an extended horizon, thus making available much useful information about the curb trend, which is exploited in mainly the laser based tracking algorithm.The advantage of the proposed image enhanced laser detection/tracking method, over laser alone detection/tracking, is illustrated using simulations and its robustness to varied road curvatures, branching, turns and scenarios, is demonstrated through experimental results.
Use of different alkoxysilanes as external donors in MgCl2‐supported Ziegler‐Natta catalysts to obtain propene/1‐butene copolymers with different microstructure (1994)

Abstract The effects of different alkoxysilane donors (Ph(EtO) 3 Si, Me(EtO) 3 Si and Ph 2 (EtO) 2 Si) have been compared in propene/1‐butene copolymerization with MgCl 2 ‐supported Ziegler‐Natta catalysts. The copolymers obtained were fractionated and the fractions characterized by 13 C NMR analysis. The influence of the different alkoxysilanes on the yield, the fraction distribution and the composition, the reactivity ratios and the number‐average sequence lengths of all the fractions were analyzed. The results obtained show that it is possible to vary the characteristics of propene/1‐butene copolymers by varying the bulkiness of the hydrocarbon substituent and/or the number of the alkoxy groups of the silane donor. It was also possible to correlate the effect of the silane donor on the homopolymerization stereochemistry and on the characteristics of the copolymers.
Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide in Tension-Type Headache (2002)

In the last 10 years there has been increasing interest in the role of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in primary headaches. Tension-type headache is one of the most common and important types of primary headaches, and ongoing nociception from myofascial tissues may play an important role in the pathophysiology of this disorder. CGRP sensory fibers are preferentially located in the walls of arteries, and nerve fibers containing CGRP accompany small blood vessels in human cranial muscles. It is well established that nociception may lead to release of CGRP from sensory nerve endings and from central terminals of sensory afferents into the spinal cord. It has also been shown that density of CGRP fibers around arteries is increased in persistently inflamed muscle. These findings indicate that ongoing activity in sensory neurons in the cranial muscles may be reflected in changes of plasma levels of neuropeptides in patients with chronic tension-type headache. To explore the possible role of CGRP in tension-type headache, plasma levels of CGRP were measured in patients with chronic tension-type headache. This study showed that plasma levels of CGRP are normal in patients and unrelated to headache state. However, the findings of normal plasma levels of CGRP do not exclude the possibility that abnormalities of this neuropeptide at the neuronal or peripheral (pericranial muscles) levels play a role in the pathophysiology of tension-type headache. Investigation of CGRP in other compartments with new sensitive methods of analysis is necessary to clarify its role in tension-type headache.
The Analysis of Photoelectric Sensitivity Curves for Clean Metals at Various Temperatures (1931)

An elementary theory is developed for the effect of temperature on the photoelectric sensitivity of a clean metal near the threshold. It is shown that the results observed by various workers for silver, gold, tantalum, tin, and potassium can be fairly completely accounted for by the effect of the temperature on the number of electrons available for extraction according to the distribution law of Sommerfeld's theory of metals. This is in agreement with the conclusions of Lawrence and Linford based on much less extensive data. A graphical method is given enabling the whole of the observed curves near the threshold for all temperatures to be used in determining the threshold itself thus avoiding an arbitrary extrapolation to zero current. At present the fundamental theory of the effect survives in two forms, both of which are used as alternatives here, with nearly equal success. Until one or the other can be eliminated it is not possible to determine thresholds closer than about 1 percent.
Microemboli may link spreading depression, migraine aura, and patent foramen ovale (2009)

In a mouse model, microemboli triggered CSD, often without causing microinfarction. Paradoxical embolization then may link cardiac and extracardiac right-to-left shunts to migraine aura. If translatable to humans, a subset of migraine auras may belong to a spectrum of hypoperfusion disorders along with transient ischemic attacks and silent infarcts.
Adsorption of endogenous polyphenols relieves the inhibition by fruit juices and fresh produce of immuno-PCR detection of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 (1999)

The immuno-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approaches facilitate rapid (8 h) detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in contaminated dairy products and ground beef samples with detection sensitivities approaching 1 colony forming unit (cfu) g−1 ml−1. However, no PCR products were obtained when the method was applied to identify E. coli O157:H7 in tainted apple juice. Enzyme-linked immuno-assay (ELISA) results suggested non-specific binding of endogenous polyphenols (ubiquitous in plant products) to antibodies present on the surface of the immunobeads, making the latter unavailable for capturing the target bacteria. Treatment of the test sample, prior to IMS, with a synthetic fining agent, polyvinylpyrrolidone, restored the full function and sensitivity of the immuno-PCR. The study demonstrates the suitability of the improved method as a generic strategy for rapid screening of fruit juices and plant produce for E. coli O157:H7.
A Digital Video Image Processor for Real-Time X-Ray Subtraction Imaging (1978)

A digital video image processor (VIP) has been constructed and is presently being tested and used in a variety of preclinical medical imaging situations. Details of its design are discussed. The VIP can digitize, store and process images from a conventional radiographic TV fluoroscopy system. From these images a variety of subtraction images can be formed and displayed in real time at video rates. These subtraction images include: K-edge images, time dependent subtraction images, tomographic, and K-edge tomographic images. Examples of in vivo K-edge and time-dependent subtraction images are presented.
Techniques for calculating currents and voltages in VLSI power supply networks (1990)

Analysis of power distribution in VLSI circuits requires the solution of a large network of resistors and current sources. Fortunately, these resistor networks have certain characteristic properties that permit partitioning into smaller, easier to solve sections. The authors present a set of techniques that can be used to identify and quickly solve three characteristic network configurations: trees, simple loops, and series resistors with interspersed current sources. Methods for efficiently solving other sections of the network are also explored. System performance of several designs is reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effects of self‐management training in Type 2 diabetes: a randomized, prospective trial (2007)

Self-management training had a significantly higher medium-term efficacy than didactic diabetes education. The group sessions were more effective than a more individualized approach.
Steps on (001) silicon surfaces (1987)

We investigate a topological method of eliminating antiphase domains in zinc-blende semiconductors heteroepitaxially grown on (001) Si substrates. Antiphase domains cannot occur if only one of the two atomic species of the polar overlayer bonds directly to the substrate at the heteroepitaxial interface (As, in the case of GaAs on Si) and if atoms from only one of the two inequivalent sublattices of the substrate form the termination boundary [only biatomic (a0/2) steps present]. We show that thermal equilibrium is a necessary and sufficient condition to realize this condition for (001) Si, a result of a π-bonded step reconstruction that lowers the relative enthalpy of reconstructed [110] biatomic steps by 0.04 eV per step atom for one type of biatomic step, and of correlation, which freezes out the step configuration entropy thereby suppressing the formation of all other types of steps. Our model explains selection rules and dimer orientations observed in infrared absorption, low-energy electron diffraction, and reflection high-energy electron diffraction measurements of vicinal (001) Si surfaces tilted toward (110). For general vicinal surfaces, competition from the non-π-bonded sides of the atomically flat terraces weakens the thermodynamic driving force. For surfaces tilted toward (100) it vanishes completely, indicating that antiphase-free polar material cannot be grown on these surfaces, in agreement with experiment. If a minimum threshold energy is needed per terrace to form a primitive (001) surface, then the boundaries between antiphase-free and antiphase-dominated regions for spherically figured surfaces should be parabolic. The minimum energy estimated from the results of Akiyama et al. on spherically figured surfaces suggests that terrace–terrace correlations are also important factors in forming the primitive surface.
APOLIPOPROTEIN E ALLELES AS RISK FACTORS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (1996)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unique in medicine in that millions of people suffer from what appears to be the same form of disease, and unlike most other late-onset diseases, the genetic etiologies have been well identified. Three early onset forms of AD inherited as autosomal dominant traits account for less than 2% of prevalent AD. A major susceptibility locus, apolipoprotein E (APOE, gene; apoE, protein) is associated with risk and age of onset distributions for the common familial and sporadic late-onset AD. The identification of additional genetic susceptibility genes in the etiology of AD and the metabolic mechanisms leading to differences in age of onset and disease pathogenesis are active areas of current research.