gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduced Bacteria on Transplantable Allograft Skin after Preparation with Chlorhexidine Gluconate, Povidone-Iodine, and Isopropanol (1991)

A comparison was made of the residual microbiologic contamination on transplantable allograft skin for burn wound coverage taken from cadaver donors prepared by two different protocols. One group was prepared with povidone-iodine, detergent, and 70% isopropanol; the other was prepared with these agents and 4% chlorhexidine gluconate (CG). The skin from each of the donor bodies was removed from independently prepared body areas. Without CG, 13.7% of donor body areas were contaminated; with CG, only 5.6% were contaminated. The number of gram-positive bacterial species isolated from skin after CG preparation was dramatically reduced. The gram-positive bacterial contamination rate dropped from 12.1% to 2.2% of donor body areas, a drop of 82%. With CG, 12 of the 15 contaminant species were eliminated; and we saw a general reduction in the total number of contaminated body areas, a specific and pronounced reduction in gram-positive bacteria, and an increase from 86.3% to 94.4% in the amount of skin obtained from donor cadavers that tested negative for bacterial contamination.
Anti-CD25 Antibody Enhancement of Vaccine-Induced Immunogenicity: Increased Durable Cellular Immunity with Reduced Immunodominance (2005)

An efficacious vaccine strategy must be capable of inducing strong responses of an appropriate phenotype that are long lasting and sufficiently broad to prevent pathogen escape mechanisms. In the present study, we use anti-CD25 mAb to augment vaccine-induced immunity in mice. We demonstrate that coformulation of Ab and poxviral- or adenoviral-vectored vaccines induces significantly increased T cell responses to a malaria Ag; prior anti-CD25 Ab administration was not required for this effect. Furthermore, this vaccination approach subverts immunodominant epitope hierarchies by enhancing responses to subdominant epitopes induced by recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara immunization. Administration of anti-CD25 with a vaccine also induces more durable immunity compared with vaccine alone; significantly higher T cell responses were observed 100 days after the primary immunization. Enhanced immunogenicity is observed for multiple vaccine types with enhanced CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses induced by bacillus Calmette-Guérin and a recombinant subunit protein vaccine to hepatitis B virus and with multiple Ags of tumor, viral, bacterial, and parasitic origin. Vaccine strategies incorporating anti-CD25 lead to improved protection against pre-erythrocytic malaria challenge. These data underpin new strategies for the design and development of more efficacious vaccines in clinical settings.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (2015)

Diet/lifestyle modification remains the mainstay of treatment. For patients with NASH and advanced fibrosis, current liver-directed pharmacotherapy with vitamin E and pioglitazone offer some benefits; obeticholic acid appears promising and is currently being tested. Comorbidities must be diagnosed and treated; cardiovascular disease remains a primary cause of death in these patients.
Diverging substrate specificity of pure human thymidine kinases 1 and 2 against antiviral dideoxynucleosides (1991)

The two thymidine (dThd) kinases in human cells, the cytosolic, S-phase-specific TK1 and the mitochondrial, constitutively expressed TK2 were purified to homogeneity as judged from sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis. The substrate specificity of TK1 and TK2 toward natural substrates and important nucleoside analogues was compared. With TK1, the Km values for 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FdUrd), 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT), and 3'-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (FLT) were 2.2, 0.6, and 2.1 microM as compared to 0.5 microM for dThd and 9 microM for deoxyuridine (dUrd). With TK2, dUrd, deoxycytidine (dCyd), and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FdUrd) were efficiently phosphorylated, but with distinctly different kinetics: Michaelis-Menten kinetics with dCyd, dUrd, and FdUrd; negative cooperativity with dThd. Negative cooperativity was also observed with AZT, although this drug was a very poor substrate for TK2 with a Vmax of 5-6% of that with dThd. FLT, 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddCyd), and arabinofuranosylcytosine (araC) were not substrates for TK2, and 2',3'-didehydrodideoxy-thymidine (D4T) was not a substrate for TK1 or TK2. On the other hand, AZT, FLT, and D4T were competitive inhibitors with Ki values of 0.6, 6, and 2073 microM for TK1, and 2, 10, and 78 microM for TK2, respectively. The much lower tolerance for modifications of the deoxyribose moiety of TK2 as compared to TK1 is important for the design of new antiviral nucleoside analogues intended for use in cells with different expression of TK1 and TK2.
Sagittal and Coronal Dimensions of the Ethmoid Roof: A Radioanatomic Study (2005)

This study provides numerical correlates to accepted concepts regarding the shape and slope of the ethmoid roof. Differences in height of the skull base between right and left sides, especially in the anterior ethmoid sinus, may be an important surgical consideration. The posterior ethmoid roof appears to be relatively constant and should serve as a reliable surgical landmark.
SNP identification in unamplified human genomic DNA with gold nanoparticle probes (2005)

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) comprise the most abundant source of genetic variation in the human genome. SNPs may be linked to genetic predispositions, frank disorders or adverse drug responses, or they may serve as genetic markers in linkage disequilibrium analysis. Thus far, established SNP detection techniques have utilized enzymes to meet the sensitivity and specificity requirements needed to overcome the high complexity of the human genome. Herein, we present for the first time a microarray-based method that allows multiplex SNP genotyping in total human genomic DNA without the need for target amplification or complexity reduction. This direct SNP genotyping methodology requires no enzymes and relies on the high sensitivity of the gold nanoparticle probes. Specificity is derived from two sequential oligonucleotide hybridizations to the target by allele-specific surface-immobilized capture probes and gene-specific oligonucleotide-functionalized gold nanoparticle probes. Reproducible multiplex SNP detection is demonstrated with unamplified human genomic DNA samples representing all possible genotypes for three genes involved in thrombotic disorders. The assay format is simple, rapid and robust pointing to its suitability for multiplex SNP profiling at the 'point of care'.
Amino acid sequence of the light chain of bovine factor X1 (Stuart factor) (1980)

The detailed proof of the amino acid sequence of the 140 residues (16,193 daltons) of the light chain of bovine factor X1 (Stuart factor) is presented. Sequence analyses were performed on fragments obtained after chemical cleavage of asparagine-glycine and tryptophanyl peptide bonds and after various enzymatic digestion procedures. Twelve gamma-carboxyglutamyl residues are clustered in the amino-terminal 39 residues and 13 half-cystine residues are found in the carboxyl-terminal 91 residues, suggesting two domains in the light chain, one exceptionally anionic and the other extensively cross-linked by disulfides.
Covalent inhibitors of glycosidases and their applications in biochemistry and biology (2008)

Glycoside hydrolases are important enzymes in a number of essential biological processes. Irreversible inhibitors of this class of enzyme have attracted interest as probes of both structure and function. In this review we discuss some of the compounds used to covalently modify glycosidases, their use in residue identification, structural and mechanistic investigations, and finally their applications, both in vitro and in vivo, to complex biological systems.
IL-12, but not IFN-gamma, plays a major role in sustaining the chronic phase of colitis in IL-10-deficient mice. (1998)

IL-10-deficient (IL-10(-/-)) mice develop chronic enterocolitis mediated by CD4+ Th1 cells producing IFN-gamma. Because IL-12 can promote Th1 development and IFN-gamma production, the ability of neutralizing anti-IL-12 mAb to modulate colitis in IL-10(-/-) mice was investigated. Anti-IL-12 mAb treatment completely prevented disease development in young IL-10(-/-) mice. Treatment of adult mice resulted in significant amelioration of established disease accompanied by reduced numbers of mesenteric lymph node and colonic CD4+ T cells and of mesenteric lymph node T cells spontaneously producing IFN-gamma. In contrast, anti-IFN-gamma mAb had minimal effect on disease reversal, despite a significant preventative effect in young mice. These findings suggested that IL-12 sustains colitis by supporting the expansion of differentiated Th1 cells that mediate disease independently of their IFN-gamma production. This conclusion was supported by the finding that anti-IL-12 mAb greatly diminished the ability of a limited number of CD4+ T cells expressing high levels of CD45RB from diseased IL-10(-/-) mice to expand and cause colitis in recombination-activating gene-2(-/-) recipients, while anti-IFN-gamma mAb had no effect. Furthermore, IL-12 could support pathogenic IL-10(-/-) T cells stimulated in vitro in the absence of IL-2. While these studies show that IL-12 plays an important role in sustaining activated Th1 cells during the chronic phase of disease, the inability of anti-IL-12 mAb to abolish established colitis or completely prevent disease transfer by Thl cells suggests that additional factors contribute to disease maintenance.
Cysteine 230 Is Essential for the Structure and Activity of the Cytotoxic Ligand TRAIL (2000)

Unlike other tumor necrosis factor family members, the cytotoxic ligand tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)/Apo-2L contains an unpaired cysteine residue (Cys(230)) in its receptor-binding domain. Here we show that the biological activity of both soluble recombinant TRAIL and cell-associated, full-length TRAIL is critically dependent on the presence of Cys(230). Mutation of Cys(230) to alanine or serine strongly affected its ability to kill target cells. Binding to its receptors was decreased by at least 200-fold, and the stability of its trimeric structure was reduced. In recombinant TRAIL, Cys(230) was found engaged either in interchain disulfide bridge formation, resulting in poorly active TRAIL, or in the chelation of one zinc atom per TRAIL trimer in the active, pro-apoptotic form of TRAIL.
CYCLIC CHANGES IN THE CONCENTRATION OF PROSTAGLANDIN F2α IN HUMAN UTERINE FLUSHINGS (1978)

Prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) was measured by radioimmunoassay in uterine flushings obtained from 41 women at various stages of the menstrual cycle. The concentration of PGF2alpha changed significantly during the cycle, with highest values in the mid secretory phase of the cycle (mean 9.1 ng/ml of uterine flushing, range 3.9 to 16.0 ng/ml, n = 9). The still unresolved role of intrauterine PGF2alpha is discussed in relation to luteolysis, myometrial contractility and implantation.
New developments for the site-specific attachment of protein to surfaces (2005)

Protein immobilization on surfaces is of great importance in numerous applications in biology and biophysics. The key for the success of all these applications relies on the immobilization technique employed to attach the protein to the corresponding surface. Protein immobilization can be based on covalent or noncovalent interaction of the molecule with the surface. Noncovalent interactions include hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, electrostatic forces, or physical adsorption. However, since these interactions are weak, the molecules can get denatured or dislodged, thus causing loss of signal. They also result in random attachment of the protein to the surface. Site-specific covalent attachment of proteins onto surfaces, on the other hand, leads to molecules being arranged in a definite, orderly fashion and uses spacers and linkers to help minimize steric hindrances between the protein surface. This work reviews in detail some of the methods most commonly used as well as the latest developments for the site-specific covalent attachment of protein to solid surfaces.
Identification of ATP citrate lyase as a phosphoprotein. (1979)

ATP citrate lyase has been purified from rat liver by a new procedure which results in high yields of an intact and stable enzyme. The pure lyase (specific activity approximately equal to 10 at 25 degrees C) exhibits a single protein band upon sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-gel electrophoresis (Mr = 110,000). This procedure minimizes protease degradation that usually occurs when the enzyme is isolated by previously described isolation methods. In addition, the lyase is shown to be a phosphoprotein. 32P-labeled lyase has been purified from rat liver following an intraperitoneal injection of inorganic [32P]phosphate into the animals. It has been demonstrated that this phosphate (structural phosphate) behaves as a serine phosphate and is not the same as the enzyme-bound phosphate (catalytic phosphate) that is derived from ATP during the lyase reaction. There are 2 structural phosphate residues for each enzyme tetramer molecule. Removal of the structural phosphate has been accomplished using a partially purified phosphatase derived from rat liver. The dephospholyase has the same Vmax as the native phosphoenzyme. Evidence indicates that the structural phosphate resides in a protease-sensitive region of the native enzyme.
Characterizing Browsing Behaviors on the World-Wide Web (1995)

This paper presents the results of a study conducted at Georgia Institute of Technology that captured client-side user events of NCSA's X Mosaic. Actual user behavior, as determined from client-side log file analysis, supplemented our understanding of user navigation strategies as well as provided real interface usage data. Log file analysis also yielded design and usability suggestions for WWW pages, sites and browsers. The methodology of the study and findings are discussed along with future research directions.
Biochemical characterization and inhibitor discovery of shikimate dehydrogenase from Helicobacter pylori (2006)

Shikimate dehydrogenase (SDH) is the fourth enzyme involved in the shikimate pathway. It catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of 3-dehydroshikimate to shikimate, and has been developed as a promising target for the discovery of antimicrobial agent. In this report, we identified a new aroE gene encoding SDH from Helicobacter pylori strain SS1. The recombinant H. pylori shikimate dehydrogenase (HpSDH) was cloned, expressed, and purified in Escherichia coli system. The enzymatic characterization of HpSDH demonstrates its activity with k(cat) of 7.7 s(-1) and K(m) of 0.148 mm toward shikimate, k(cat) of 7.1 s(-1) and K(m) of 0.182 mm toward NADP, k(cat) of 5.2 s(-1) and K(m) of 2.9 mm toward NAD. The optimum pH of the enzyme activity is between 8.0 and 9.0, and the optimum temperature is around 60 degrees C. Using high throughput screening against our laboratory chemical library, five compounds, curcumin (1), 3-(2-naphthyloxy)-4-oxo-2-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-chromen-7-yl 3-chlorobenzoate (2), butyl 2-{[3-(2-naphthyloxy)-4-oxo-2-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-chromen-7-yl]oxy}propanoate (3), 2-({2-[(2-{[2-(2,3-dimethylanilino)-2-oxoethyl]sulfanyl}-1,3-benzothiazol-6-yl)amino]-2-oxoethyl}sulfanyl)-N-(2-naphthyl)acetamide (4), and maesaquinone diacetate (5) were discovered as HpSDH inhibitors with IC(50) values of 15.4, 3.9, 13.4, 2.9, and 3.5 microm, respectively. Further investigation indicates that compounds 1, 2, 3, and 5 demonstrate noncompetitive inhibition pattern, and compound 4 displays competitive inhibition pattern with respect to shikimate. Compounds 1, 4, and 5 display noncompetitive inhibition mode, and compounds 2 and 3 show competitive inhibition mode with respect to NADP. Antibacterial assays demonstrate that compounds 1, 2, and 5 can inhibit the growth of H. pylori with MIC of 16, 16, and 32 microg.mL(-1), respectively. This current work is expected to favor better understanding the features of SDH and provide useful information for the development of novel antibiotics to treat H. pylori-associated infection.
Modeling of robots in contact with a dynamic environment (1994)

A control-oriented modeling approach for describing kinematics and dynamics of robots in contact with a dynamic environment is presented. In many robotic tasks the manipulator in contact cannot be simply modeled as a kinematically constrained system. Conversely, modeling of robot-environment interactions through dynamic impedance may not fit the task layout. A suitable model structure is proposed in this note that handles the more general case in which purely kinematic constraints on the robot end-effector live together with dynamic interactions. Feasible end-effector configurations are parameterized from the environment point of view, using a minimal set of coordinates. Accordingly, a description is obtained also for admissible velocities and contact forces. In particular, a force parameterization is chosen so as to separate static reaction forces from active forces responsible for energy transfer between robot and environment. The overall dynamics of the coupled robot-environment system is obtained in a single framework. The introduced modeling technique naturally leads to the design of new hybrid control laws.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Blind image deconvolution revisited (1996)

The article discusses the major approaches, such as projection based blind deconvolution and maximum likelihood restoration, we overlooked previously (see ibid., no.5, 1996). We discuss them for completeness along with some other works found in the literature. As the area of blind image restoration is a rapidly growing field of research, new methods are constantly being developed.
Testing HIV molecular biology in in silico physiologies. (1993)

The natural and medical sciences have strongly benefitted from technological advances that help to create and store more raw information than can be effectively processed. In particular, this rapid growth has created a strong need for a flexible and far-reaching approach to cross-database simulation. The paper uses a highly simplified example, called the 'TinyMouse' simulator, to explain the design and functioning of interactive cross-database simulators that can be applied to prototype experiments with animal models of human disease, such as the hu-SCID mouse model for the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Work in progress is discussed to extend 'TinyMouse' into 'CyberMouse', an informational organism that synthesizes factual databases of the murine neuroendocrine-immune system.
Recovery of long-term denervated human muscles induced by electrical stimulation (2004)

We investigated the restorative potential of intensive electrical stimulation in a patient with long-standing quadriceps denervation. Stimulation started 18 months after injury. After 26 months, the thighs were visibly less wasted. Muscle cross-sectional areas, measured by computerized tomography, increased from 36.0 cm(2) to 57.9 cm(2) (right) and from 36.1 cm(2) to 52.4 cm(2) (left). Knee torque had become sufficient to maintain standing without upper extremity support. Biopsies revealed evidence of both growth and regeneration of myofibers. The results suggest that electrical stimulation may offer a route to the future development of mobility aids in patients with lower motor neuron lesions.
Evolution of enzyme function and the development of catalytic efficiency (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvolution of enzyme function and the development of catalytic efficiencyW. John Albery and Jeremy R. KnowlesCite this: Biochemistry 1976, 15, 25, 5631–5640Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00670a032https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00670a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3993Altmetric-Citations450LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adsorption of disperse blue 2BLN by microwave activated red mud (2010)

Abstract The ability of red mud (RM) to adsorb disperse blue 2BLN from water was studied and the condition of adsorption process was optimized. The results showed that the microwave activated RM had good adsorption capacity. The adsorption process was in accord with Langmuir isotherm model. The saturated adsorption amount of disperse blue 2BLN by activated RM was ∼45 mg/g. The factors that affected the adsorption process included dosage of RM, temperature, and pH value. The optimal condition was 40°C, pH 3.0, 15 g/L RM and 30 min reaction time, under which the removal percentages of color, chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon reached ∼99%, 64% and 50%, respectively. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2010
Putting the Fingers On Gene Repair (2005)

The struggling field of gene therapy could regain its momentum if proteins called zinc finger nucleases live up to their promise of efficiently and safely repairing mutations.
 (read more.)
Colonic delivery of sodium butyrate via oral route: Acrylic coatingdesign of pellets and in vivo evaluation in rats (2001)

Few pharmaceutical studies, with the exception of those on rectal solutions, are described on short chain fatty acid (SCFA) formulations-especially for sodium butyrate, which is a colonocyte preferential substrate. Highly dosed butyrate pellets (90%) were prepared and their coating was designed for colonic delivery. In vivo determination (pH and transit time of pellets in rats) allowed to respectively choose the grade and thickness (resistance of 6 h) of the pH-dependent coating (Eudragi L+S, 1:1). The coated pellets were administered to naturally butyrate-deprived rats. The rats' colonic mucosa had the particularity to weakly express mitochondrial HMG-CoA synthase, an enzyme that responds to luminal butyrate. The results did not show early absorption of butyrate, but a probable cecal loss in the rat cecum as cecal residence time of the pellets was important and as pH was propitious for the coating hydrolysis. It seemed that butyrate, given daily for 7 days without the other main SCFA. was unable to induce the enzyme and/or that the dose (0.32 mmol/day) was insufficient.
AN EXPERT SYSTEM FOR VALUATION OF RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES (1984)

There has been much discussion in the popular media recently on the topic of Expert Systems (for example the BBC ‘Horizon’ of 21st March, 1983, or the Sunday Times , 1st May, 1983). Expert Systems are ‘computer programs that can acquire knowledge from experts and make it available in the form of advice to those less skilled’ (Landsdown, 1980). Such expert systems are one of the main building blocks of the ‘fifth generation’ computers, which are under development, with massive government encouragement, in Japan.