gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new low-stress buck-boost converter for universal-input PPC applications (2002)

In converters for power-factor-correction (PFC), universal-input capability (ability to operate from any AC line voltage, world-wide) comes with a heavy price in terms of component stresses and losses, size of components, and restrictions on the output DC voltage. A new two-switch topology is proposed to offer very significant performance improvements over the single-switch buck-boost converters (including flyback, SEPIC, and Cuk topologies) and conventional two-switch buck-boost cascaded converters. The proposed converter has buck-boost conversion characteristic, switch conduction losses comparable to the boost converter, no inrush current problem, and potential for smaller inductor size compared to the boost converter.
A New family of Ideal Multipartite Access Structure Based on MSP. (2006)

In this article we introduce the multipartite access structure and the composite access structure. A new family of the multipartite access structure will be given, we will provide secret sharing scheme realizing it based on MSP and also prove it is ideal.
Solid-state laser using a rhodamine-doped silica gel compound (1991)

The lasing action of organically modified silica gel (ORMOSIL) host media doped with laser dyes, rhodamine 6G, and rhodamine B is described. The laser is a monolithic design pumped transversely by a pulsed Nd:YAG laser. Conversion efficiencies as high as 39% were observed with usable lifetimes exceeding 50000 pulses. With a 500- mu J pump source, typical output energies of 200 mu J were produced. The values obtained for the lifetime go well beyond the photostability behavior reported in prior studies. Moreover, this work shows that a simple monolithic solid-state laser pumped by a pulsed Nd:YAG is capable of producing broadband spectral output of 100-kW peak power. More detailed investigations are currently underway with different dyes and pump cavity configurations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
T Helper 2-Dominant Antilymphoma Immune Response Is Associated With Fatal Outcome (1997)

The precise role of the endogenous immune system in modulating cancer development remains unclear. Tumor cells are generally thought to be nonimmunogenic because they are of ‘self’ origin. However, tumor-reactive lymphocytes can be isolated from patients with many types of cancer. It is unclear what role these lymphocytes play and why they fail to protect the host. Using a murine B-cell leukemia/lymphoma (BCL1) model, we showed the development of a vigorous antitumor T-cell response in the tumor-susceptible host. Specific T-cell responses against BCL1 developed as early as day 4. However, the nature of this nonprotective response is different from the protective response produced in a major histocompatibility complex–matched tumor-resistant host. Susceptible hosts developed a T helper 2 (Th2)-dominant response, whereas resistant hosts developed a Th1-dominant response to BCL1. Cytolytic activity against BCL1 developed in both resistant and susceptible hosts, but in the susceptible host, this response was weaker and delayed compared with that in the resistant host. Thus, tumor susceptibility does not necessarily mean the absence of an antitumor immune response. Rather, the nature of the antitumor immune response is critical in determining clinical outcome.
Effect of .beta.-fluorine substituents on the rate and equilibrium constants for the reactions of .alpha.-substituted 4-methoxybenzyl carbocations and on the reactivity of a simple quinone methide (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of .beta.-fluorine substituents on the rate and equilibrium constants for the reactions of .alpha.-substituted 4-methoxybenzyl carbocations and on the reactivity of a simple quinone methideJohn P. Richard, Tina L. Amyes, Li Bei, and Vernon StubblefieldCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 26, 9513–9519Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00182a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00182a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views323Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
PACK-CXL: Corneal cross-linking for treatment of infectious keratitis (2015)

This article discusses corneal cross-linking (CXL) and how it transitioned from a modality for treating corneal ectatic disorders to an inventive means of treating infectious keratitis. Initially, CXL was successfully developed to halt the progression of ectatic diseases such as keratoconus, using the standard Dresden protocol. Later, indications were extended to treat iatrogenic ectasia developing after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and photo-refractive keratectomy (PRK). At the time, it had been postulated that the combination of ultraviolet light with riboflavin could not only biomechanically strengthen the cornea but also was capable of destroying living cells and organisms including keratocytes and pathogens. Thus a new and innovative concept of treatment for infectious keratitis emerged through the use of CXL technology. Initially only advanced infectious melting ulcers resisting standard microbicidal therapy were treated with CXL in addition to standard therapy. In subsequent studies CXL was also used to treat bacterial keratitis as first line therapy without the use of concomitant antibiotic therapy. With the increasing interest in CXL technology to treat infectious keratitis and to clearly separate its use from the treatment of ectatic disorders, a new term was adopted at the 9(th) CXL congress in Dublin for this specific indication: PACK-CXL (photoactivated chromophore for infectious keratitis). PACK-CXL has the potential to eventually become an interesting alternative to standard antibiotic therapy in treating infectious corneal disorders, and may help reduce the global burden of microbial resistance to antibiotics and other therapeutic agents.
Image enhancement circuit using nonlinear processing curve and constrained histogram range equalization (2004)

For real-time imaging in surveillance applications, image fidelity is of primary importance to ensure customer confidence. The obtained image fidelity is a result from amongst others dynamic range expansion and video signal enhancement. The dynamic range of the signal needs adaptation, because the sensor signal has a much larger range than the standard CRT display. The signal enhancement should accommodate for the widely varying light and scene conditions and user scenarios of the equipment. This paper proposes a new system to combine dynamic range and enhancement processing, offering a strongly improved picture quality for surveillance applications. The key to our solution is that we use Non-Linear Processing (NLP) with a so-called Constrained Histogram Range Equalization (CHRE). The NLP transforms the digitized high-dynamic luminance sensor signal such that details of the low-luminance parts are enhanced, while avoiding detail losses in the high-luminance areas. The CHRE technique enhances visibility of the global contrast for the camera signal without significant information loss in the statistically less relevant areas. Evaluations of this proposal have shown clear improvements of the perceptual image quality. An additional advantage is that the new scheme is adaptable and allows the concatenation of further enhancement techniques without sacrificing the obtained picture quality improvement.
Development of a video-rate stereo machine (2002)

A video-rate stereo machine has been developed at CMU with the capability of generating a dense range map, aligned with an intensity image, at the video rate. The target performance of the CMU video-rate stereo machine is: 1) multi-image input of 6 cameras; 2) high throughput of 30 million point/spl times/disparity measurement per second; 3) high frame rate of 30 frame/sec; 4) a dense depth map of 256/spl times/240 pixels; 5) disparity search range of up to 60 pixels; 6) high precision of up to 7 bits (with interpolation); and 7) uncertainty estimation available for each pixel.
Pharmacologic treatment of hyperlipidemia reduces glomerular injury in rat 5/6 nephrectomy model of chronic renal failure. (1988)

The role of lipid abnormalities in the pathogenesis of focal glomerulosclerosis was investigated in the rat remnant kidney model of chronic renal failure. Rats subjected to right nephrectomy and two-thirds segmental infarction of the left kidney (5/6 nephrectomy) were treated for 10 weeks with the lipid-lowering agent clofibric acid. Both serum cholesterol and urine albumin excretion were significantly reduced by clofibric acid. At 10 weeks, the percent of glomeruli with focal glomerulosclerosis was 5 +/- 2% in clofibric acid-treated and 24 +/- 5% in untreated 5/6 nephrectomy rats (p less than 0.01). Inulin clearance was greater in clofibric acid-treated than in untreated 5/6 nephrectomy rats (0.28 +/- 0.02 versus 0.22 +/- 0.02 ml/min 100 g body wt, p less than 0.05). Body weight, kidney weight, and systemic blood pressure were not significantly altered by clofibric acid. Micropuncture studies, performed in separate groups of clofibric acid-treated and untreated 5/6 nephrectomy rats, demonstrated elevated single nephron glomerular filtration rates and glomerular capillary pressures 4 weeks after surgery. However, clofibric acid did not significantly alter single nephron glomerular filtration rates (95 +/- 2.1 nl/min in treated versus 97.0 +/- 6.2 nl/min in untreated, p greater than 0.05) or glomerular capillary pressures (56.6 +/- 1.5 mm Hg in treated versus 57.8 +/- 0.8 mm Hg in untreated, p greater than 0.05) in 5/6 nephrectomy rats. In a separate set of experiments, 5/6 nephrectomy rats were treated with the specific cholesterol synthesis inhibitor, mevinolin. Mevinolin improved serum lipid levels and reduced albuminuria in 5/6 nephrectomy rats without causing significant alterations in blood pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Combining Ondansetron and Naltrexone Effectively Treats Biologically Predisposed Alcoholics: From Hypotheses to Preliminary Clinical Evidence (2000)

Ondansetron plus naltrexone seems to synergistically improve the drinking outcomes of EOA. Larger scale studies that test these medications, both alone and together, among various alcoholic subtypes are needed to establish and extend these promising findings.
Video coding using a deformation compensation algorithm based adaptive matching pursuit image decompositions (2004)

Today's video codecs employ motion compensated prediction in combination with block matching techniques. These techniques, although achieving some level of adaptivity in their latest versions, continue to rely on the decomposition of frames on a set of artificial primitives: blocks. This paper presents a new approach to video coding. A geometrically adaptive image decomposition scheme using an over-complete basis is used to represent the scene. Using matching pursuit (MP), we are able to express local features such as position, anisotropic scale and orientation in terms of a set of spatio-frequential primitives. In order to perform frame prediction, only the changes in the parameters that determine these functions from frame to frame will have to be coded. Such an approach, in addition to being able to catch displacements in images deals as well in a natural way with local scale deformations and local rotations.
The Junctional Adhesion Molecule-C Promotes Neutrophil Transendothelial Migration in Vitro and in Vivo (2004)

The third member of the family of junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs), JAM-3, also called JAM-C, was recently shown to be a novel counter-receptor on platelets for the leukocyte beta(2)-integrin Mac-1 (alphaMbeta(2), CD11b/CD18). Here, new functional aspects of the role of endothelial cell JAM-C were investigated. Endothelial cells express JAM-C, which is predominantly localized within junctions at interendothelial contacts, since it codistributes with a tight junction component, zonula occludens-1. Whereas JAM-C does not participate in neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells, it mediates neutrophil transmigration in a Mac-1-dependent manner. In particular, inhibition of JAM-C significantly reduced neutrophil transendothelial migration, and the combination of JAM-C and platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 blockade almost completely abolished neutrophil transendothelial migration in vitro. In vivo, inhibition of JAM-C with soluble mouse JAM-C resulted in a 50% reduction of neutrophil emigration in the mouse model of acute thioglycollate-induced peritonitis. Thus, JAM-C participates in neutrophil transmigration and thereby provides a novel molecular target for antagonizing interactions between vascular cells that promote inflammatory vascular pathologies.
Measuring Gene Flow in the Cultivation of Transgenic Barley (2002)

Genetic engineering is becoming a useful tool in the improvement of plants and plant-based raw materials. Varieties with value-added traits are developed for nonfood use in industrial and medical production, and different production lines must be kept separate. For good management practices, knowledge of relevant gene flow parameters is required. In the present study, pollen-mediated dispersal of transgenes via cross-fertilization was examined. A transgenic barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) line carrying a marker gene coding for neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) was used as a pollen donor. For maximum resolution, a cytoplasmically male-sterile barley line was utilized as recipient and the flow of nptII transgene was monitored at distances of 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 25, 50, and 100 m from the donor plots of 225 and 2000 m2 Male-fertile plots at a distance of 1 m were included to measure the transgene flow in normal barley. The number of seeds obtained from male-sterile heads diminished rapidly with distance and only a few seeds were found at distances of 50 and 100 m. Molecular genetic analysis (polymerase chain reaction—PCR) revealed that all seeds obtained from male-sterile heads at a distance of 1 m were transgenic, as anticipated. However, only 3% of the distant seeds (50 m) actually carried the transgene, whereas most of them resulted from fertilization with nontransgenic background pollen. This background pollen was mainly due to pollen leakage in some male-sterile heads. In normal male-fertile barley, the cross-fertilization frequency with transgenic pollen varied from 0 to 7% at a distance of 1 m, depending on weather conditions on the heading day. We conclude that, because of competing self-produced and nontransgenic background pollen, the possibility of cross-pollination is very low between a transgenic barley field and an adjacent field cultivated with normal barley. However, adequate isolation distances and best management practices are needed for cultivation of transgenic barley.
The role of cell type-specific responses in IFN-β therapy of multiple sclerosis (2011)

The mechanism of IFN-β therapy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is not well understood, but induction of apoptosis in specific leukocyte subsets is likely to be important. Enhanced expression of TNFSF10 or TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) mRNA in unseparated leukocytes has been put forward as a therapeutic response marker, but it is unclear which leukocyte subsets express TRAIL. We investigated the basis of TRAIL expression in response to IFN-β by studying activation of STATs 1, 3, and 5, p38 MAPK, and NF-κB in different leukocyte subsets of patients with RRMS. Monocytes, B cells, and T cells showed substantial differences in the activation of p38 and the STATs in response to i.m. injection of IFN-β1a or stimulation in vitro. Induction of cell-surface TRAIL, analyzed in nine leukocyte subsets, was observed only on monocytes and granulocytes and correlated with the activation of p38 and/or NF-κB in these subsets only, in agreement with previous work in fibroblasts showing that the induction of TRAIL in response to IFN-β depends on the activation of p38 and NF-κB as well as STATs 1 and 2. We propose that, in myeloid cells, the differential activation of p38 and NF-κB and induction of TRAIL, which sensitizes cells to apoptosis, can help to explain differences in responsiveness to IFN-β therapy among patients with RRMS and, furthermore, that such differential patterns of activation and expression may also be important in understanding the therapeutic responses to IFN-α/β in hepatitis and cancer.
Contextual spoken language understanding using recurrent neural networks (2015)

We present a contextual spoken language understanding (contextual SLU) method using Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). Previous work has shown that context information, specifically the previously estimated domain assignment, is helpful for domain identification. We further show that other context information such as the previously estimated intent and slot labels are useful for both intent classification and slot filling tasks in SLU. We propose a step-n-gram model to extract sentence-level features from RNNs, which extract sequential features. The step-n-gram model is used together with a stack of Convolution Networks for training domain/intent classification. Our method therefore exploits possible correlations among domain/intent classification and slot filling and incorporates context information from the past predictions of domain/intent and slots. The proposed method obtains new state-of-the-art results on ATIS and improved performances over baseline techniques such as conditional random fields (CRFs) on a large context-sensitive SLU dataset.
Phase I evaluation of an anti-breast carcinoma monoclonal antibody 260F9-recombinant ricin A chain immunoconjugate. (1989)

Four women with metastatic breast cancer were treated with monoclonal antibody 260F9-recombinant ricin A chain, a ricin A chain immunoconjugate (IC) which targets a Mr 55,000 antigen expressed by human mammary carcinomas. Patients were treated by daily, 1-h i.v. injections for 6 to 8 consecutive days. Two patients were treated with 10 micrograms/kg daily and the two others were treated with 50 micrograms/kg daily. The trial was suspended after four patients had been treated because patients treated with a continuous infusion schedule with this IC had developed significant neurological toxicity at doses similar to those used in this study. The half-life of the IC showed a t 1/2 alpha of approximately 1.8 h, a t 1/2 beta of approximately 8.3 h, and a peak concentration of about 200 ng/ml, at the lower dose level, and showed a t 1/2 alpha of approximately 2.5 h, t 1/2 beta of about 10.4 h, and a peak concentration of 500 and 850 ng/ml for the two patients at the higher dose level. All four patients developed evidence of a human anticonjugate antibody response within 16 days of the onset of therapy. The treatment was associated with significant toxicity, manifested by a syndrome consisting of weight gain, edema, hypoalbuminemia, and dyspnea. Similar symptoms were observed in patients treated by continuous infusions of the IC. This clinical syndrome, seen at doses of IC which were insufficient to saturate antigen-expressing malignant tumor deposits in this trial, has been seen in other IC therapy trials and in clinical trials using the cytokine interleukin 2. To investigate a possible mechanism responsible for this toxicity, human monocytes were incubated with varying concentrations of IC. There was detectable binding of IC to human monocytes at IC concentrations which were achieved clinically in this trial. Furthermore, the binding appeared to be abrogated by preincubation of the monocytes with pooled human immunoglobulin, thus suggesting that binding occurs via Fc gamma receptor-mediated mechanisms. Binding was not affected if different linkers between recombinant ricin A chain and the antibody were used or if a different antibody moiety was used in the IC preparation. Chemically linked dimers of MOPC-21 bound to human monocytes at least as well as the ICs; this binding was not abrogated by preincubation with pooled human immunoglobulin. Since the IC preparations used in this clinical trial contained small percentages of dimers and/or multimers, the clinical toxicity syndromes which we observed may be related to this series of observations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
New algorithms for multi-class cancer diagnosis using tumor gene expression signatures (2003)

Available on request from the authors.
Growth and Development in Rats Given Recombinant Human Epidermal Growth Factor1-48 as Neonates (2001)

To assess effects of supraphysiologic doses of human recombinant epidermal growth factor(1-48) (rhEGF(1-48)) on neonatal rats, 10 litters of Wistar rats/treatment group were given 0 (formulated vehicle), 10, 100, or 1000 microg/kg daily by subcutaneous injection on postnatal days (PND) 1 through 6. Clinical signs, body weight, acquisition of developmental landmarks and reflexes, and behavior were monitored during treatment and for 5 weeks thereafter (to PND 42). A subset of animals was euthanized weekly from PND 7-28 and necropsied. Selected tissues were examined microscopically. Body weight gain at 1000 microg/kg during treatment was significantly less than control. Precocious incisor eruption, eye opening, vaginal opening, and preputial separation occurred at 100 and/or 1000 microg/kg. Acquisition of reflexes (negative geotaxis, wire maneuver, acoustic startle reflex, and visual placing) was delayed at 1000 microg/kg. Acquisition of adult locomotion was also delayed at 1000 microg/kg. These effects were transient, as locomotor activity at PND 28 and 42 did not differ from control. Effects on acoustic-startle responding persisted in females to final assessment on PND 42. Habituation to repeated acoustic stimuli was impaired, as well as response inhibition following a prepulse acoustic stimulus. rhEGF(1-48) induced structural changes in the skin, retina, kidney, oral and nasal mucosa, lung, and liver. Many of these changes were consistent with the expected mitogenic activity of rhEGF(1-48) and were transient in nature, as severity and incidence diminished with time. An exception was changes observed in the retina at 1000 microg/kg (rosettes/folds and focal defects in the outer nuclear/photoreceptor layers) that were still present 3 weeks after termination of treatment. Acceleration of developmental landmarks; suppression of reflexes, behavior, and somatic growth; and mitogenic responses in epidermal tissues have been reported in rodents treated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) derived from various mammalian species. These results demonstrate that a 48-amino acid fragment of human EGF produced by recombinant technology also induces such effects.