gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical applications of recombinant macrophage-colony stimulating factor (rhM-CSF). (1991)

rhM-CSF has diverse in vitro and in vivo hematologic and metabolic effects. Clinical trials with this new biopharmaceutical are now in progress and early results have confirmed preclinical findings. The major demonstrated effects of rhM-CSF include an increase in number and activation of monocytes and macrophages, the ability to enhance antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, enhancement of macrophage microbial phagocytic and killing activity, cholesterol lowering, and platelet lowering. The range of potential indications for the use of rhM-CSF makes the further clinical development of this molecule both a challenge and an opportunity. Investigation of combination therapies with other cytokines or monoclonal antibodies will be an important aspect of future investigations.
Chemically induced mutagenesis in a shuttle vector with a low-background mutant frequency. (1986)

We have developed a recombinant DNA shuttle vector that permits the molecular analysis of mutations induced in human cells by chemical or physical mutagens. The vector is able to replicate as a plasmid in Escherichia coli and in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed human lymphoblastoid cell lines and contains the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase gene (HSV tk) as the target for mutagenesis studies. After introduction of the vector into an EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL-721) by electroporation, approximately equal to 2% of the transfected cells expressed the vector-encoded gene for hygromycin resistance. Plasmid DNA isolated from cells immediately after selection for hygromycin resistance (10 population doublings posttransfection) contained mutations in the HSV tk gene at a frequency of 6 X 10(-5). Treatment of plasmid-bearing LCL-721 cells with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea resulted in a dose-dependent increase of up to 15-fold in the frequency of mutations in the HSV tk gene. The dose-response for the induction of mutations in the plasmid-encoded gene closely paralleled that for the induction of mutations in the cellular gene for hypoxanthine (guanine) phosphoribosyltransferase.
Nanoparticle‐induced platelet aggregation and vascular thrombosis (2005)

Ever increasing use of engineered carbon nanoparticles in nanopharmacology for selective imaging, sensor or drug delivery systems has increased the potential for blood platelet-nanoparticle interactions. We studied the effects of engineered and combustion-derived carbon nanoparticles on human platelet aggregation in vitro and rat vascular thrombosis in vivo. Multiplewall (MWNT), singlewall (SWNT) nanotubes, C60 fullerenes (C60CS) and mixed carbon nanoparticles (MCN) (0.2-300 microg ml(-1)) were investigated. Nanoparticles were compared with standard urban particulate matter (SRM1648, average size 1.4 microm). Platelet function was studied using lumi aggregometry, phase-contrast, immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry, zymography and pharmacological inhibitors of platelet aggregation. Vascular thrombosis was induced by ferric chloride and the rate of thrombosis was measured, in the presence of carbon particles, with an ultrasonic flow probe. Carbon particles, except C60CS, stimulated platelet aggregation (MCN>or=SWNT>MWNT>SRM1648) and accelerated the rate of vascular thrombosis in rat carotid arteries with a similar rank order of efficacy. All particles resulted in upregulation of GPIIb/IIIa in platelets. In contrast, particles differentially affected the release of platelet granules, as well as the activity of thromboxane-, ADP, matrix metalloproteinase- and protein kinase C-dependent pathways of aggregation. Furthermore, particle-induced aggregation was inhibited by prostacyclin and S-nitroso-glutathione, but not by aspirin. Thus, some carbon nanoparticles and microparticles have the ability to activate platelets and enhance vascular thrombosis. These observations are of importance for the pharmacological use of carbon nanoparticles and pathology of urban particulate matter.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 14‐Alkoxymorphinans. Part 8. 14‐methoxymetopon, an extremely potent opioid agonist (1990)

Abstract 14‐Methoxymetopon (= 5,14‐ O ‐dimethyloxymorphone; 4 )and 14‐ethoxymetopon ( 5 ) were synthesized from 14‐hydroxy‐5‐methylcodeinone ( 6 ). In the AcOH‐writhing test in mice, compound 4 was found to be ca. 20000 times more potent than morphine.
Diversity of Genome Structure inSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhi Populations (2005)

The genomes of most strains of Salmonella and Escherichia coli are highly conserved. In contrast, all 136 wild-type strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi analyzed by partial digestion with I-CeuI (an endonuclease which cuts within the rrn operons) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and by PCR have rearrangements due to homologous recombination between the rrn operons leading to inversions and translocations. Recombination between rrn operons in culture is known to be equally frequent in S. enterica serovar Typhi and S. enterica serovar Typhimurium; thus, the recombinants in S. enterica serovar Typhi, but not those in S. enterica serovar Typhimurium, are able to survive in nature. However, even in S. enterica serovar Typhi the need for genome balance and the need for gene dosage impose limits on rearrangements. Of 100 strains of genome types 1 to 6, 72 were only 25.5 kb off genome balance (the relative lengths of the replichores during bidirectional replication from oriC to the termination of replication [Ter]), while 28 strains were less balanced (41 kb off balance), indicating that the survival of the best-balanced strains was greater. In addition, the need for appropriate gene dosage apparently selected against rearrangements which moved genes from their accustomed distance from oriC. Although rearrangements involving the seven rrn operons are very common in S. enterica serovar Typhi, other duplicated regions, such as the 25 IS200 elements, are very rarely involved in rearrangements. Large deletions and insertions in the genome are uncommon, except for deletions of Salmonella pathogenicity island 7 (usually 134 kb) from fragment I-CeuI-G and 40-kb insertions, possibly a prophage, in fragment I-CeuI-E. The phage types were determined, and the origins of the phage types appeared to be independent of the origins of the genome types.
Expedient Synthesis and Design Strategies for New Peptoid Construction (2005)

[reaction: see text] A range of peptoids can be prepared efficiently using microwave-assisted solid-phase chemistry in a commercial reactor. This method is most effective for the installation of electronically deactivated benzylic amines. The systematic incorporation of these amines into peptoids can deliver oligomers capable of displaying unique and stable structural motifs-microwave-assisted solid-phase synthesis will enable their future study and application.
Efficacy and Safety of Diclofenac Diethylamine 2.32% Gel in Acute Ankle Sprain (2012)

DDEA 2.32% gel twice daily (applied in the morning and evening) was well tolerated and provided lasting relief from pain, improved function, and reduced symptomatic healing time in uncomplicated ankle sprain.
Detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in heel prick blood on filter paper from children born to HIV-1-seropositive mothers (1994)

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) DNA PCR results of 94 dried blood spot (DBS) samples on filter paper and corresponding venous blood in EDTA obtained from infants born to HIV-1-seropositive mothers were compared. In addition, the results of HIV-1 DNA PCR on DBS and the HIV-1 RNA PCR from plasma of 70 paired samples were compared. A 100% specificity and a 95% sensitivity for HIV-1 DNA PCR on DBS compared with results for venous blood were observed for the 94 paired samples. The results of the DBS HIV-1 DNA PCR and HIV-1 RNA PCR of 70 corresponding plasma samples correlated perfectly (100%). The DBS HIV-1 DNA PCR method proved reliable for HIV-1 detection.
Specific Chemical Cleavage in High Yield at the Amino Peptide Bonds of Cysteine and Cystine Residues (1973)

Abstract A protocol is presented for the quantitative conversion of cysteine and cystine residues in proteins to residues of S-cyanocysteine, using the reagent 2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic acid (Degani, Y., and Patchornik, A. (1971) J. Org. Chem. 36, 2727). Cleavage of the amino peptide bond of the S-cyanocysteine residue is obtained upon exposure to 6 m guanidinium chloride-0.1 m sodium borate, pH 9.0, at 37° for 12 hours, with concomitant formation of 2-iminothiazolidine-4-carboxylyl peptides. Application of the method to several proteins indicates that virtually complete cleavage can be obtained and that there are no significant side reactions due to exposure to alkaline pH. A mechanism for the cleavage reaction is proposed in which specific hydroxide ion catalysis is followed by concerted peptide bond cleavage and ring closure, without the intermediate formation of an acyliminothiazolidine.
Automatic detecting and counting magnetic beads‐labeled target cells from a suspension in a microfluidic chip (2018)

A novel microfluidic method of continually detecting and counting beads-labeled cells from a cell mixture without fluorescence labeling was presented in this paper. The detection system is composed of a microfluidic chip (with a permanent magnet inserted along the channel), a signal amplification circuit, and a LabView® based data acquisition device. The microfluidic chip can be functionally divided into separation zone and detection zone. By flowing the pre-labeled sample solution, the target cells will be sequentially separated at the separation zone by the permanent magnet and detected and counted at the detection zone by a microfluidic resistive pulse sensor. Experiments of positive separation and detection of T-lymphocytes and negative separation and detection of cancer cells from the whole blood samples were carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method. The methodology of utilizing size difference between magnetic beads and cell-magnetic beads complex for beads-labeled cell detection is simple, automatic, and particularly suitable for beads-based immunoassay without using fluorescence labeling.
Effects of Collection and Processing Procedures on Plasma Circulating Cell-Free DNA from Cancer Patients (2018)

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) offers new opportunities for noninvasive cancer management. Detecting ctDNA in plasma is challenging because it constitutes only a minor fraction of the total cell-free DNA (cfDNA). Pre-analytical factors affect cfDNA levels contributed from leukocyte lysis, hence the ability to detect low-frequency mutant alleles. This study investigates the effects of the delay in processing, storage temperatures, different blood collection tubes, centrifugation protocols, and sample shipment on cfDNA levels. Peripheral blood (n = 231) from cancer patients (n = 62) were collected into K<sub>3</sub>EDTA or Cell-free DNA BCT tubes and analyzed by digital PCR, targeted amplicon, or shallow whole-genome sequencing. To assess pre-analytic effects, plasma was processed under different conditions after 0, 6, 24, 48, 96 hours, and 1 week at room temperature or 4°C, or using different centrifugation protocols. Digital PCR showed that cfDNA levels increased gradually with time in K<sub>3</sub>EDTA tubes, but were stable in BCT tubes. K<sub>3</sub>EDTA samples stored at 4°C showed less variation than room temperature storage, but levels were elevated compared with BCT. A second centrifugation at 3000 × g gave similar cfDNA yields compared with higher-speed centrifugation. Next-generation sequencing showed negligible differences in background error or copy number changes between K<sub>3</sub>EDTA and BCT, or following shipment in BCT. This study provides insights into the effects of sample processing on ctDNA analysis.
INFECTIONS AFTER BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION USING CYCLOSPORINE (1983)

The incidence of infection in 86 consecutive patients having bone marrow transplantation for acute or chronic myeloid leukemia, in a protocol in which cyclosporine was the main immunosuppressant, was low. Severe bacterial infections were infrequent and mostly caused by gram-positive cocci but early bacterial infection was often associated with severe graft-versus-host disease. Fungal infections were prevented by nystatin and amphotericin thus avoiding the difficult combination of cyclosporine and ketaconazole. Viral infections were no more common than in other series but, in patients with mismatched grafts, they tended to be associated with neurological complications clinically diagnosed as encephalitis.
A Critical Appraisal of the Revised Trauma Score (2004)

Objectives The trauma score and its later revision were developed as a triage index which could be readily calculated and interpreted in the prehospital environment. This paper aims to critically examine the available literature to determine if the Revised Trauma Score actually measures what it is intended to measure. Methods A thorough Medline literature search was undertaken of the OVID database. All available journal articles which addressed reliability and validity testing of the Revised Trauma Score were reviewed. Each of the instrument's clinimetric properties are described and critically appraised. Conclusion As a predictive instrument, the Revised Trauma Score has been shown to have a moderate to high ability to accurately predict survival. In its secondary role discrimination, it has been shown to have equivocal ‘between-person’ sensitivity.
Gene-metabolite network analysis in different nonalcoholic fatty liver disease phenotypes (2017)

We sought to identify common key regulators and build a gene-metabolite network in different nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) phenotypes. We used a high-fat diet (HFD), a methionine-choline-deficient diet (MCDD) and streptozocin (STZ) to establish nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and NAFL+type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in rat models, respectively. Transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses were performed in rat livers and serum. A functional network-based regulation model was constructed using Cytoscape with information derived from transcriptomics and metabolomics. The results revealed that 96 genes, 17 liver metabolites and 4 serum metabolites consistently changed in different NAFLD phenotypes (>2-fold, P<0.05). Gene-metabolite network analysis identified ccl2 and jun as hubs with the largest connections to other genes, which were mainly involved in tumor necrosis factor, P53, nuclear factor-kappa B, chemokine, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. The specifically regulated genes and metabolites in different NAFLD phenotypes constructed their own networks, which were mainly involved in the lipid and fatty acid metabolism in HFD models, the inflammatory and immune response in MCDD models, and the AMPK signaling pathway and response to insulin in HFD+STZ models. Our study identified networks showing the general and specific characteristics in different NAFLD phenotypes, complementing the genetic and metabolic features in NAFLD with hepatic and extra-hepatic manifestations.
Carbon monoxide annealed TiO2nanotube array electrodes for efficient biosensor applications (2008)

Highly ordered titania nanotube (TNT) arrays fabricated by anodic oxidation of titanium foil followed with O2 and CO annealing were employed as matrices for the immobilization of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and thionine chloride (Th) for biosensor application. The influence of annealing gases on TNT crystallinity, morphology, surface chemistry, and electrochemical properties were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and cyclic voltammetry. The results showed that TNT arrays annealed in CO consisted of Ti3+ defects with carbon-doping and exhibited well defined quasi-reversible cyclic voltammetric peaks, indicating enhanced electron transfer and electrical conductivity. When immobilized with HRP and Th, the TNT electrodes were used to sense hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as investigated by means of UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and amperometry. The results indicated that the biosensor based on a TNT array electrode annealed in CO possessed greatly enhanced properties compared to the as-grown and the O2-annealed TNT array electrodes. The improved biosensor properties of the TiO2nanotube arrays were ascribed to the carbon-doping and the formation of Ti3+ defects.
CW-PHOTOACOUSTIC-BASED PROTOCOL FOR THE NON-INVASIVE DETECTION OF AQUEOUS GLUCOSE AT LOW MG/DL CONCENTRATION LEVELS (2011)

This paper reports an improved protocol for measurements of aqueous glucose solution at low concentration levels. This contribution results from our effort to develop a non-invasive and continuous blood glucose sensor based on the continuouswave-photoacoustic (CW-PA) technique. We recently proposed a method called Frequency Shift (FS) and demonstrated a linear response for glucose concentrations of up to 2 g/dL. However, the final target application requires a detection limit of about 70 mg/dL. We then investigated our technique's performance at several times lower concentration levels and achieved a detection limit in the 10 mg/dL range.
Preparation of trifluoromethyl and other perfluoroalkyl compounds with (perfluoroalkyl)trimethylsilanes (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of trifluoromethyl and other perfluoroalkyl compounds with (perfluoroalkyl)trimethylsilanesRamesh Krishnamurti, Donald R. Bellew, and G. K. Surya PrakashCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 3, 984–989Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00003a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00003a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4369Altmetric-Citations246LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Oncolytic viral therapy for human pancreatic cancer cells by reovirus. (2003)

These results suggest that reovirus can be considered for a novel therapy against pancreatic cancer.
Gut-Derived Incretin Hormones and New Therapeutic Approaches (2004)

This is the first of a series of articles on presentations at the American Diabetes Association Annual Meeting, Orlando, Florida, 4–8 June 2004, addressing an important theme of the meeting: new therapeutic approaches based on gut-derived incretin hormones.

### Physiology of glucagon-like peptide 1 action

Alan Cherrington (Nashville, TN) described a series of studies of peripheral and hepatic arterial and portal vein flow measurement and sampling that allowed for the assessment of hepatic glucose balance and effects of glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1. In a study comparing peripheral with portal venous glucose delivery during hyperglycemia (glucose increased from 75 to 150 mg/dl), with somatostatin to suppress endogenous insulin and glucagon and administration of glucagon to replace basal levels and insulin to levels approximately four times greater than basal, there was a similar increase in the hepatic glucose load, from ∼25 to 50 mg · kg−1 · min−1, but portal glucose delivery doubled hepatic glucose uptake. Net hepatic glucose uptake remained considerably greater with intraportal glucose delivery when the hepatic glucose load was varied from 50 to 75 to 100 mg · kg−1 · min−1. Thus, Cherrington suggested, hepatic glucose entry depends on insulin and glucose levels and a “portal signal.” Portal glucose delivery, then, can be said to “activate the liver,” which may be in part the mechanism of increased hepatic glucose uptake following oral glucose delivery. When measuring hepatic sinusoidal insulin, as levels increase, the net hepatic glucose uptake increases but there is further uptake with activation of the portal glucose signal. In further studies varying peripheral and portal vein glucose delivery and maintaining hyperinsulinemia, a fivefold increase in hepatic glucose uptake was demonstrated, as portal glucose delivery ranged from nil to 100%. Conversely, when glucose was infused peripherally versus in the portal vein at 2.5 mg · kg−1 · min …
Nanometer-scale force sensing with MEMS devices (2001)

In recent years, many researchers have adapted lithography, deposition, and etching techniques from the IC processing community for the fabrication of micromechanical sensors. Many of the signals that these sensors are intended to detect are expressed as forces which stress or deflect the micromechanical structure. As sensors are miniaturized, these forces naturally become smaller, and techniques for detection are required to improve. Many researchers have been engaged in extending MEMS force sensing to the nanometer scale by incorporating new materials and fabrication approaches. This paper will discuss the issues and limitations related to sensing on the nanometer scale and review recent work in this field.
Identification and characterization of mutations in hepatitis B virus resistant to lamivudine (1998)

Cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma occur as long-term complications of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Antiviral therapy is potentially a successful approach for the treatment of patients with HBV infection, which includes the nucleoside analog, lamivudine [(-)2'-deoxy-3'-thiacytidine, 3TC]. Although resistance to lamivudine therapy has been reported in several HBV-infected patients, the pattern of resistance-associated mutations in HBV has not been fully characterized. We report a DNA sequence database that includes a 500-base pair region of the HBV polymerase gene from 20 patients with clinical manifestations of lamivudine resistance. Analysis of the database reveals two patterns of amino acid substitutions in the tyrosine, methionine, aspartate, aspartate (YMDD) nucleotide-binding locus of the HBV polymerase. HBV DNA from the sera of patients in Group I exhibits a substitution of valine for methionine at residue 552, accompanied by a substitution of methionine for leucine at residue 528. Patients in Group II had only an isoleucine-for-methionine substitution at position 552. Reconstruction of these mutations in an HBV replication-competent plasmid was performed in a transient transfection cell assay to determine the function/relevance of these mutations to lamivudine resistance. Both Group I and Group II mutations resulted in a substantial decrease in sensitivity to lamivudine treatment (> 10,000-fold shift in IC50 over wild-type [wt] IC50), strongly indicating that these mutations were involved in resistance to lamivudine. A hypothetical model of the HBV reverse transcriptase has been generated for further study of the role of these mutations in lamivudine resistance.