gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insights from mouse models of colitis (2000)

Emerging studies using mouse models of experimental colitis are defining the nature of the immunological disturbances that initiate inflammation and destruction of the intestine. A better understanding of disease-promoting and -suppressing CD4+ T cells is providing insight into the mechanisms controlling immune responses within the intestinal compartment. Moreover, a role for distinct T cell populations, including intraepithelial gammadelta T cells, in maintaining the physical integrity of the intestine was suggested by recent studies. Cytokine gene-knockout mice and anti-cytokine treatments remain important tools to define the pro- and anti-inflammatory functions of cytokines. These advances are fostering the design and evaluation of new therapeutic approaches that may eventually be applied to treat human inflammatory bowel disease.
NF-κB balances vascular regression and angiogenesis via chromatin remodeling and NFAT displacement (2010)

Extracellular factors control the angiogenic switch in endothelial cells (ECs) via competing survival and apoptotic pathways. Previously, we showed that proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors target the same signaling molecules, which thereby become pivots of angiogenic balance. Here we show that in remodeling endothelium (ECs and EC precursors) natural angiogenic inhibitors enhance nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) DNA binding, which is critical for antiangiogenesis, and that blocking the NF-kappaB pathway abolishes multiple antiangiogenic events in vitro and in vivo. NF-kappaB induction by antiangiogenic molecules has a dual effect on transcription. NF-kappaB acts as an activator of proapoptotic FasL and as a repressor of prosurvival cFLIP. On the FasL promoter, NF-kappaB increases the recruitment of HAT p300 and acetylated histones H3 and H4. Conversely, on cFLIP promoter, NF-kappaB increases histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), decreases p300 and histone acetylation, and reduces the recruitment of NFAT, a transcription factor critical for cFLIP expression. Finally, we found a biphasic effect, when HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) were used to test the dependence of pigment epithelial-derived factor activity on histone acetylation. The cooperative effect seen at low doses switches to antagonistic as the concentrations increase. Our study defines an interactive transcriptional network underlying angiogenic balance and points to HDACi as tools to manipulate the angiogenic switch.
MOS switched-capacitor analog sampled-data direct-form recursive filters (1979)

A new technique enabling the integration of audio frequency filters using standard MOS technology is described. This approach uses ratioed MOS capacitors, MOS amplifiers and switches to realize precision multiplication, summation, and delay functions. With these elements an analog sampled-data direct-form recursive filter, having the general biquadratic transfer function, was integrated in MNOS technology. This filter had a Q=19/spl plusmn/1 without external trimming and it could be electrically programmed into low-pass, bandpass, and high-pass responses. This biquadratic section can be used as a building block for higher order filters. The direct form switched-capacitor offers some useful advantages in comparison to the switched-capacitor integrator approach. These are the rejection of MOS amplifier noise and power supply noise below one-half the sampling rate, less silicon area especially when implementing high Q poles, and potential for multiplexing two or more filters.
Detailed analysis of the repeat domain of dystrophin reveals four potential hinge segments that may confer flexibility. (1990)

Most of dystrophin, the protein product of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy locus, is composed of spectrin-like repeats, suggesting that dystrophin is an elongated cytoskeletal molecule (Davison, M. D., and Critchley, D. R. (1988) Cell 52, 159-160; Koenig, M., Monaco, A. P., and Kunkel, L. M. (1988) Cell 53, 219-228). We present here a detailed analysis of the repeat domain of human dystrophin and propose that it is composed of 24 rather than 26 repeat units as previously suggested. Moreover, spacer sequences which do not align with the repeat consensus are present at the beginning and at the end of the repeat domain. Two other non-repeat spacers are found between repeat elements 3 and 4 and 19 and 20. The high proline content of each spacer suggests that it might represent a hinge. Using five new anti-dystrophin antisera and two previously described antisera (Hoffman, E. P., Brown, R. H., Jr., and Kunkel, L. M. (1987a) Cell 51, 919-928) to detect different dystrophin peptides after proteolytic cleavage, we show that the four hinge segments are sensitive sites for proteolysis. We present a model for a membrane-associated network of dystrophin in which the hinges play a key role by conferring flexibility to the network and thus resilience to the membrane.
Role of IL-1 Beta in the Development of Human TH17 Cells: Lesson from NLPR3 Mutated Patients (2011)

These findings further support the central role of IL-1β in the differentiation of T(H)17 in human inflammatory conditions.
Gas Source Molecular Beam Epitaxy Growth of GaN on C-, A-, R- and M-Plane Sapphire and Silica Glass Substrates (1997)

GaN layers are grown on C-, A-, R- and M-plane sapphire substrates by gas source molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The c -axis of GaN is perpendicular to the surface plane and photoluminescence spectra exhibit strong and sharp (full width at half maximum≤39 meV at 77 K) excitonic emission without deep level emission for all cases. GaN layers grown on silica glass substrates also have the c -axis perpendicular to the surface, although they are poly-crystalline. They exhibit an n-type conduction with an electron concentration of 7×10 -16 cm -3 and a mobility of 23 cm 2 /V·s. They also exhibit strong photoluminescence comparable to that of GaN grown on sapphire substrates, although showing a wide spectral half width (245 meV at 77 K). GaN layers grown on glass substrate is considered promising for fabrication of large area and low cost light emitting devices and solar cells.
Physiologically Assessed Coronary Collateral Flow and Intracoronary Growth Factor Concentrations in Patients With 1- to 3-Vessel Coronary Artery Disease (1999)

In patients with CAD, there is an association between a directly measured index of collateral flow and intracoronary concentrations of bFGF and VEGF. This direct relation is dependent on the site of blood sampling within the coronary artery tree. The association is closest when the combined bFGF and VEGF concentrations are taken into account. In the case of VEGF, it is influenced by the degree of coronary atherosclerosis.
The voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 regulates peripheral insulin sensitivity (2004)

Kv1.3 is a voltage-gated potassium (K) channel expressed in a number of tissues, including fat and skeletal muscle. Channel inhibition improves experimental autoimmune encephalitis, in part by reducing IL-2 and tumor necrosis factor production by peripheral T lymphocytes. Gene inactivation causes mice (Kv1.3-/-) exposed to a high-fat diet to gain less weight and be less obese than littermate control. Interestingly, although Kv1.3-/- mice on the high-calorie diet gain weight, they remain euglycemic, with low blood insulin levels. This observation prompted us to examine the effect of Kv1.3 gene inactivation and inhibition on peripheral glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Here we show that Kv1.3 gene deletion and channel inhibition increase peripheral insulin sensitivity in vivo. Baseline and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake are increased in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of Kv1.3-/- mice. Inhibition of Kv1.3 activity facilitates the translocation of the glucose transporter, GLUT4, to the plasma membrane. It also suppresses c-JUN terminal kinase activity in fat and skeletal muscle and decreases IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor secretion by adipose tissue. We conclude that Kv1.3 inhibition improves insulin sensitivity by increasing the amount of GLUT4 at the plasma membrane. These results pinpoint a pathway through which K channels regulate peripheral glucose homeostasis, and identify Kv1.3 as a pharmacologic target for the treatment of diabetes.
A New “Three-Step Method” for High Quality MOVPE Growth of III-Nitrides on Sapphire (2001)

A new three-step method was developed to grow high-quality III-nitrides by LP-MOVPE. The first step is composed of nitridation of sapphire substrate and growth of thin AlN layer by a migration enhanced method at high temperature of 1100°C. The second step included a TMAl preflow and subsequent deposition of low temperature GaN buffer layer. The TMAl preflow was introduced at the buffer layer growth temperature to make at least a 2ML coverage on AlN surface, which served to obtain GaN buffer layer with Ga polarity. The third step was to grow epilayer at 1080°C. The mechanisms for quality improvement were discussed. It was proved that the three-step method could be a new approach to grow high quality epilayers on large-lattice-mismatched substrates.
Programming Spatial Algorithms in Natural Language (2008)

Lipoblastomas are benign tumors composed of fat cells of varying degrees of maturation, from lipoblasts to mature adipocytes. These tumors typically affect young children under the age of three. Upregulation of the pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1), located on 8q12.1, is the primary driving force for lipoblastoma development. The most common mechanisms for PLAG1 upregulation are rearrangements of 8q11-13 and polysomy 8. We present a unique case of lipoblastoma in a three-year-old boy with a ring chromosome 8. To the best of our knowledge, this cytogenetic finding has only been described three times in the literature. We present this case to further document this rare cytogenetic abnormality in lipoblastomas and hypothesize that the formation of a ring 8 chromosome results in a promoter swapping event.
Characterization of embryos derived from calf oocytes: Kinetics of cleavage, cell allocation to inner cell mass, and trophectoderm and lipid metabolism (2000)

Embryos derived from calf oocytes were compared with adult cow oocyte-derived embryos (1) by studying the kinetics of embryo development using time-lapse cinematography (2) by evaluating the ratio between inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) cells in blastocysts (3) by measuring the triglyceride content of the blastocysts. The rate of calf oocyte-derived embryos reaching the blastocyst stage was reduced (26 vs. 46% for adult derived embryos). Calf oocyte-derived embryos preferably arrested their development before the 9-cell stage. Those that developed into blastocysts had cleaved earlier to reach the 2-cell or 3-cell stages than embryos that arrested before the 9-cell stage. The 9-cell stage tended to appear later in calf oocyte-derived embryo that reached the blastocyst stage than in adult-derived embryos. This difference became significant at the morula stage. Accordingly, the fourth cell cycle duration was longer for calf oocyte-derived embryos. Day 8 blastocysts from both sources had similar total cell numbers (calf: 89 +/- 20; cow: 100 +/- 30) and cell distribution between TE and ICM. The triglyceride content of day 7 blastocysts was similar for both sources (64 +/- 15 vs. 65 +/- 6 ng/embryo, respectively). In conclusion, calf oocyte-derived embryos are characterized by a higher rate of developmental arrest before the 9-cell stage and by a longer lag phase preceding the major onset of embryonic genome expression. These changes might be related to insufficient "capacitation" of the calf oocyte during follicular growth. Despite these differences, modifications in the quality of the resulting blastocysts were not detected.
Primary structure of the mouse laminin B2 chain and comparison with laminin B1 (1988)

One of the major components of basement membranes is the glycoprotein laminin, made up of three disulfide-bonded subunits, the A, B1, and B2 chains. We have isolated and sequenced overlapping mouse laminin B2 chain cDNA clones covering 7562 base pairs. The deduced amino acid sequence predicts that the mature B2 chain consists of 1572 residues, has an unglycosylated molecular weight of 173,541, and possesses 14 potential N-linked glycosylation sites. Analysis of the predicted secondary structure shows the presence of six domains, two rich in alpha-helical structure, two composed of homologous cysteine-rich repeat units, and two globular regions. The organization of the molecule is very similar to that of the mouse laminin B1 chain, and significant sequence homology between the B1 and B2 chains was found in their two cysteine-rich domains and in their amino-terminal globular domains.
Escherichia coli Peptidase A, B, or N Can Process Translation Inhibitor Microcin C (2008)

The heptapeptide-nucleotide microcin C (McC) targets aspartyl-tRNA synthetase. Upon its entry into a susceptible cell, McC is processed to release a nonhydrolyzable aspartyl-adenylate that inhibits aspartyl-tRNA synthetase, leading to the cessation of translation and cell growth. Here, we surveyed Escherichia coli cells with singly, doubly, and triply disrupted broad-specificity peptidase genes to show that any of three nonspecific oligopeptidases (PepA, PepB, or PepN) can effectively process McC. We also show that the rate-limiting step of McC processing in vitro is deformylation of the first methionine residue of McC.
A Facile Approach for the Synthesis of Uniform Hollow Carbon Nanospheres (2008)

Hollow carbon nanospheres (abbreviated as “HCSs”) with a yield of about 90% under transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscopy observations have been synthesized through a facile approach using acetone and sodium azide as reactants at 400 °C in a sealed autoclave. These HCSs have an outer diameter of 100−500 nm and a shell thickness of ∼20 nm. Their total surface area values evaluated from the analyzes of N2 adsorption isotherm data was 13.1 m2/g. The effects of reaction temperature, the dosage of the reagent, and the capacity of autoclave on the formation of the final products have been studied. Through tuning the experimental parameters, olivary carbon particles or carbon rods also have been selectively prepared. In addition, when acetone was replaced by polyethylene glycol or glucose, HCSs were obtained at 400 °C with a yield of ∼90 and ∼30%, respectively. On the basis of the experimental results, a possible formation mechanism of the hollow carbon nanospheres was discussed.
Efficacy of oral L-ornithine L-aspartate in cirrhotic patients with hyperammonemic hepatic encephalopathy (2011)

Hyperammonemia and associated cerebral edema cause neurological abnormalities in liver disease patients. Although only 15% of ammonia production originates in the colon, management strategies for hepatic encephalopathy (HE) have focused on reducing ammonia generation from the bowel rather than on manipulating systemic mechanisms involved in ammonia metabolism. Administration of L-ornithine L-aspartate (LOLA) improves mental status and decreases serum and spinal fluid ammonia levels by stimulating both the urea cycle and glutamine (Gln) synthesis, which are key metabolic pathways in ammonia detoxification. LOLA was shown to be superior to a placebo for management of HE, and the results of several clinical trials suggest that its effectiveness could be higher with the more severe grades of this syndrome. Compared with the standard treatment, LOLA is effective not only in reducing hyperammonemia and the severity of this disease, but also in improving the patient's perceived quality of life. Therefore, LOLA is a promising alternative for the management of HE.
Computation of equivalent circuit parameters of quartz crystals in contact with liquids and study of liquid properties (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComputation of equivalent circuit parameters of quartz crystals in contact with liquids and study of liquid propertiesHiroshi. Muramatsu, Eiichi. Tamiya, and Isao. KarubeCite this: Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 19, 2142–2146Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00170a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00170a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1392Altmetric-Citations374LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tissue Culture Observations Relevant to the Study of Axon-Schwann Cell Interactions During Peripheral Nerve Development and Repair (1987)

During peripheral nerve development the Schwann cell population is expanded so that adequate numbers are available for ensheathment of both nonmyelinated and myelinated nerve fibres. As ensheathment of these fibres progresses each axon--Schwann cell unit becomes surrounded by a basal lamina, providing a unique microtubular framework within the peripheral nerve trunk. Tissue culture studies of pure populations of neurones and Schwann cells cultured separately and in combination indicate that a surface component on the axon provides a mitogenic signal to Schwann cells requiring cell-cell contact. Biochemical, electron microscopic and immunocytochemical analyses of these cultures indicate that Schwann cells in contact with axons are able to generate a basal lamina (containing type IV collagen, laminin and heparan sulphate proteoglycan) and fibrous collagen, without the aid of other cells, and that axonal contact is required for deposition of the basal lamina. The role of Schwann cells and the extracellular matrix they synthesize and organize, as well as the role of the other known products of the Schwann cells in the process of peripheral nerve regeneration, are discussed. It is suggested that the large numbers and advantageous position of the Schwann cells, as well as their ability to provide their own surfaces, a basal lamina and multiple secretory products, may account for their extraordinary ability to foster nerve fibre regeneration.
WIKI4, a Novel Inhibitor of Tankyrase and Wnt/ß-Catenin Signaling (2012)

The Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway controls important cellular events during development and often contributes to disease when dysregulated. Using high throughput screening we have identified a new small molecule inhibitor of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling, WIKI4. WIKI4 inhibits expression of ß-catenin target genes and cellular responses to Wnt/ß-catenin signaling in cancer cell lines as well as in human embryonic stem cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that WIKI4 mediates its effects on Wnt/ß-catenin signaling by inhibiting the enzymatic activity of TNKS2, a regulator of AXIN ubiquitylation and degradation. While TNKS has previously been shown to be the target of small molecule inhibitors of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling, WIKI4 is structurally distinct from previously identified TNKS inhibitors.
Nucleotide sequences of gene segments encoding membrane domains of immunoglobulin gamma chains. (1982)

The nucleotide sequences of the exons encoding membrane-bound IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b of mouse were determined and compared with the sequence of membrane-bound IgM. The sequences indicate that membrane-bound gamma chains bear an additional 71 residues at the COOH termini, including 17-residue acidic, 26-residue hydrophobic, and 28 residue hydrophilic portions. The hydrophobic portion, which seems to be anchored in the lipid bilayer of the membrane, is highly conserved among membrane-bound mu and gamma chains. We propose the presence of a membrane protein that recognizes the conserved hydrophobic segment and anchors the membrane-bound immunoglobulin. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences revealed another example of intervening sequence-mediated domain exchange around one of the membrane exons.
Cross-layer wireless bit rate adaptation (2009)

This paper presents SoftRate, a wireless bit rate adaptation protocol that is responsive to rapidly varying channel conditions. Unlike previous work that uses either frame receptions or signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimates to select bit rates, SoftRate uses confidence information calculated by the physical layer and exported to higher layers via the SoftPHY interface to estimate the prevailing channel bit error rate (BER). Senders use this BER estimate, calculated over each received packet (even when the packet has no bit errors), to pick good bit rates. SoftRate's novel BER computation works across different wireless environments and hardware without requiring any retraining. SoftRate also uses abrupt changes in the BER estimate to identify interference, enabling it to reduce the bit rate only in response to channel errors caused by attenuation or fading. Our experiments conducted using a software radio prototype show that SoftRate achieves 2X higher throughput than popular frame-level protocols such as SampleRate and RRAA. It also achieves 20% more throughput than an SNR-based protocol trained on the operating environment, and up to 4X higher throughput than an untrained SNR-based protocol. The throughput gains using SoftRate stem from its ability to react to channel variations within a single packet-time and its robustness to collision losses.
Can Engineered “Designer” T Cells Outsmart Chronic Hepatitis B? (2010)

More than 350 million people worldwide are persistently infected with human heptatitis B virus (HBV) and at risk to develop liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma making long-term treatment necessary. While a vaccine is available and new antiviral drugs are being developed, elimination of persistently infected cells is still a major issue. Recent efforts in adoptive cell therapy are experimentally exploring immunotherapeutic elimination of HBV-infected cells by means of a biological attack with genetically engineered "designer" T cells.
Germination and Growth Inhibition of Surface Lipids fromNicotianaSpecies and Identification of Sucrose Esters (1988)

Germination and growth inhibiting activities of surface lipids from 54 Nicotiana species were investigated. Almost half of the extracts were found to have such activities. Among them the surface lipids of N. glutinosa, N. bigelovii, N. sylvestris, N. repanda, N. stocktonii, and N. nesophila were rather strong. Guided by a bioassay using the inhibitory effects on tobacco seed germination and growth, two types of sucrose esters were isolated and identified from the surface lipids of N. glutinosa. The ester positions of each compounds were identified by 13C-NMR using deuterium exchange of HO ⇌ OD. The structures were (2,3,4-tri-O-acyl)-α-d-glucopyranosyl)-(3-O-acetyl)-β-d-fructofuranqside (M1) and (2,3,4-tri-O-acyl)-α-d-glucopyranosyl-β-d-fructofuranoside (M2). The main fatty acids of M1 and M2 were acetic (only in M1), propionic, 2-methylbutyric, 4-methylpentanoic, 4-methylhexanoic, 5-methylhexanoic, and octanoic acids. These sucrose esters obtained from N. glutinosa inhibited not only tobacco seed germination and growth but also other plants’ growth.