gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of action of Pseudomonas exotoxin. Identification of a rate-limiting step. (1993)

Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) enters cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis and is cleaved by a cellular protease between Arg279 and Gly280 to produce an NH2-terminal fragment of 28 kDa which contains the toxin's binding domain and a COOH-terminal fragment of 37 kDa which has translocating and ADP-ribosylating activity. After proteolysis, the COOH-terminal fragment reaches the endoplasmic reticulum by retrograde transport where it translocates to the cytosol and inhibits protein synthesis by ADP-ribosylating elongation factor 2. To understand how the 37-kDa fragment functions, we focused on the role of specific amino acids located near its NH2 terminus. We found that there was a 4-250-fold loss in toxic activity when tryptophan 281, leucine 284, or tyrosine 289 were changed to other residues. Mutations at these three positions did not interfere with the receptor binding, cell-mediated proteolytic cleavage, or ADP-ribosylating activity. To determine the role of these amino acids, a competition assay was devised in which the addition of excess PE delta 553, a mutant form of PE that lacks ADP-ribosylation activity, competed efficiently for the toxicity of PE. Excess PE with mutations near the NH2 terminus of the 37-kDa fragment competed poorly. This competition occurred after proteolysis since PEGly276, a mutant form of PE that is not cleaved, did not complete. We conclude that specific amino acids at the NH2 terminus of the 37-kDa fragment interact in a saturable manner with an unknown intracellular component.
A nonantigenic covalent streptokinase-polyethylene glycol complex with plasminogen activator function. (1985)

A series of new, covalent polyethylene glycol (PEG)-streptokinase adducts were synthesized and characterized. PEGs with average molecular weights of 2,000, 4,000, and 5,000 were activated with carbonyldiimidazole and coupled to the protein under standardized reaction conditions. Steady-state kinetic analysis demonstrated comparable Km values for the activation of plasminogen by streptokinase, PEG-2-streptokinase, and PEG-4-streptokinase. The kcat values were somewhat decreased when PEG-2 or PEG-4 was coupled to the streptokinase. Activation by the PEG-5 adduct did not follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics under the conditions employed in this study. Plasmin activity obtained by incubating streptokinase derivatives with plasminogen also was studied as a function of time with each of the PEG-streptokinase derivatives. By this assay, incubations containing PEG-5-streptokinase and unmodified streptokinase demonstrated comparable activity while reaction mixtures containing PEG-2-streptokinase and PEG-4-streptokinase were slightly more active. Streptokinase incubated with plasminogen at a 1:1 molar ratio was extensively degraded after 30 min whereas PEG-2-streptokinase was resistant to plasmin cleavage. The derivatized proteins were radioiodinated and incubated in plastic microtiter plates that were coated with an immunoglobulin fraction containing antibodies to streptokinase. Binding of the PEG-streptokinase adducts was decreased by greater than 95% compared with unmodified streptokinase. Plasminogen activator complexes were formed by reacting the streptokinases with human plasminogen in vitro and the clearance studied in mice. Radioiodinated plasmin in complex with the PEG-streptokinase adducts cleared at a slower rate than did plasmin complexed with unmodified streptokinase. Catabolism of the protease still occurred by a mechanism that involved reaction with alpha 2-macroglobulin as has been described for nonderivatized streptokinase-plasminogen complex (Gonias, S. L., M. Einarsson, and S. V. Pizzo, 1982, J. Clin. Invest., 70:412-423). When more extensive derivatization procedures were utilized, PEG-2-streptokinase preparations were obtained that further prolonged the clearance of complexed 125I-plasmin; however, these adducts did not uniformly retain comparable activity. It is suggested that PEG-streptokinase complexes with greatly reduced antigenicity may be useful in the treatment of thrombotic disorders.
Consequences of JAG1 mutations (2003)

This study has implications for genetic counselling of families with AGS and JAG1 mutations.
The future of Printing. From Printing of Form to Printing of Function (2001)

This study provides evidence that, in MNNG-induced gastric carcinogenesis, the key proteins involved in the proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and apoptosis, are viable molecular targets for chemoprevention using ethanolic OS leaf extract.
Sparks of Innovation in Human-Computer Interaction (1993)

Overview - fuel for a new discipline introduction -supporting the process of innovation. Part 1 Direction manipulation: direct manipulation - a step beyond programming languages a study of file manipulation by novices using commands vs. direct manipulation remote direct manipulation - a case study of telemedicine workstation. Part 2 Menu selection: embedded menus - selecting items in context an empirical comparison of pie vs. linear menus time stress effects on two menu selection systems. Part 3 Hypertext: finding facts vs. browsing knowledge in hypertext systems restructuring knowledge for an electronic encyclopaedia the electronic teaching theatre - interactive hypermedia and mental models of the classroom. Part 4 Touchscreens: improving the accuracy of touchscreens - an experimental evaluation of three strategies high precision touchscreens - design strategies and comparisons with a mouse touchscreens now offer compelling uses touchscreen interfaces for alphanumeric data entry scheduling home control devices - a case study of the transition from the research project to a product. Part 5 Public access: guide to opportunities in volunteer archaeology - case study on the use of a hypertext system in a museum exhibit evaluating three museum installations of a hypertext system ACCESS at the Library of Congress user interface consistency - an evaluation of original and revised interfaces for a video disk library. Part 6 Information visualization - dynamic queries, treemaps and the filter. Part 7 Flow metaphor: dynamic queries for information exploration - an implementation and evaluation the dynamic home finder -evaluating dynamic queries in a real estate information exploration system treemaps - a space-filling approach to the visualization of hierarchical information structures. Part 8 Essays and explorations: a nonanthropomorphic style guide -overcoming the Humpty Dumpty syndrome human values and the future of technology - a declaration of responsibility engagement and construction - educational strategies for the post-TV era protecting rights in user interface designs declaration in Apple vs. Microsoft Hewlett Packard appendix - HCIL publications appendix - videos.
Ligand-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Erythropoietin Expression by a Plasmid-Based Autoinducible GeneSwitch System (2000)

We investigated the ability of an improved mifepristone-dependent GeneSwitch system to regulate the expression of genes for two therapeutic proteins: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and erythropoietin. The GeneSwitch system consisted of two plasmids, one encoding the chimeric GeneSwitch protein, the other an inducible transgene. When the constitutive CMV promoter of the GeneSwitch plasmid was replaced by an autoinducible promoter consisting of four copies of GAL4 DNA binding sites linked to a minimal thymidine kinase promoter, the tightness of transgene regulation was improved by an order of magnitude. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of GeneSwitch mRNA confirmed that the autoinducible promoter was responsive to mifepristone. We demonstrated the ability of the improved GeneSwitch system to regulate the expression of VEGF or erythropoietin in a biologically relevant manner after delivery of plasmids to the hind-limb muscle of adult mice. This ability of the autoinducible GeneSwitch system to regulate the expression of therapeutic proteins in mice indicates its potential for use in human gene therapy applications.
Meloxicam in Osteoarthritis: A 6-Month, Double-Blind Comparison with Diclofenac Sodium (1996)

A multicentre, double-blind, randomized study was conducted in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip or knee in order to compare the efficacy and safety of the new cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, meloxicam, with diclofenac sodium, a conventional treatment for this condition. Three hundred and thirty-six patients were treated with oral meloxicam 7.5 mg once daily or diclofenac 100 mg slow release once daily for 6 months. There were no significant differences between the treatment groups with respect to overall pain, pain on movement, global efficacy or quality of life scores at the end of treatment, all of which showed good levels of improvement. Sixty-six patients were withdrawn after the start of the double-blind phase due to adverse events (n = 21, meloxicam; n = 31, diclofenac) or to lack of efficacy (seven in each group). The median of dose paracetamol taken concomitantly was statistically significantly lower in the meloxicam group than in the diclofenac group (185 vs 245 mg/day; P = 0.0123) with a comparable proportion of patients taking concomitant paracetamol therapy in both groups. Both drugs were well tolerated, although severe adverse events, treatment withdrawal and clinically significant laboratory abnormalities were more common with diclofenac than with meloxicam. Thus, meloxicam 7.5 mg is a safe and effective treatment for OA of the hip and knee which demonstrates a trend towards an improved safety profile compared with diclofenac.
The role of oxygen dimer in oxygen photolysis in the Herzberg continuum: a temperature dependence study (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe role of oxygen dimer in oxygen photolysis in the Herzberg continuum: a temperature dependence studyA. Horowitz, W. Schneider, and G. K. MoortgatCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 23, 7859–7863Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100360a027https://doi.org/10.1021/j100360a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views143Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Purification and characterization of a membrane protein (gp45-70) that is a cofactor for cleavage of C3b and C4b. (1986)

Based on preliminary evidence indicating that a cell-associated protein of U937 (a human monocyte-like cell line) possessed cofactor activity and was not the C3b/C4b receptor, we sought to further characterize this protein. A sequential four-column purification procedure was devised that includes C3(H2O) affinity chromatography to isolate in reasonable yields and purity a cell-associated protein of U937 and several other human cell lines. Based on its pattern and Mr on SDS-PAGE, acidic pI, and ligand specificity, it is identical to a recently described C3(H2O) or C3b-binding membrane glycoprotein of human PBL and cell lines; having no presently identified function, it was termed gp45-70. After purifying this protein, we determined its functional capabilities and compared them to those of the other complement proteins with regulatory activity directed at components comprising the C3 convertases. This protein was the most efficient (50 times that of H) yet-described cofactor for the I-mediated first cleavage of C3b. It also was a cofactor for the first cleavage of C4b, but was not as efficient as C4bp. The second cleavage of C3b and C4b was not efficiently mediated. It had no ability to accelerate decay in the classical or alternative pathway C3 convertases. Based on this unique activity profile and ability to be surface labeled, we have renamed this molecule membrane cofactor protein (MCP). We suggest that this protein plays a major role in preventing autologous complement activation.
Imaging of the varicella zoster virion in the viral highways: Comparison with herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, pseudorabies virus, and human herpes viruses 6 and 7 (2003)

Imaging by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) can provide insight into viral egress. At a low magnification level, varicella zoster virions (VZV) emerge from an infected cell surface in a distinctive pattern previously described as "viral highways." Viral highways consist of thousands of particles arranged in linear pathways across the syncytial surface. This egress pattern has not been described with other herpesviruses, but a systematic analysis has not been performed. Therefore, the characteristic arrangement of VZV egress was compared with that of six other members of the herpes virus family, including herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2, human cytomegalovirus (CMV), pseudorabies virus (PRV), and human herpesvirus types 6 and 7 (HHV-6 and HHV-7). Only VZV-infected cells exhibited viral highways. Subsequent SEM examination of VZ virions at an ultra high-resolution revealed that more than 70% were aberrant. Further imaging of the other herpesviruses demonstrated that VZV structure was more closely related to PRV than HSV-1 or HSV-2. Finally, it is noted that the individual members of the herpesvirus family have distinguishable SEM profiles.
T -matrix methods in acoustic scattering (2009)

Some further refinements are described for the T-matrix approach to acoustic scattering. From the structure of the matrices involved, one can infer the Rayleigh limit explicitly for objects having no density contrast. One finds T(Ray)=iR-R(2), where the R-matrix involves integrals of the regular spherical wave functions over the object's surface. The index of refraction and loss factor can be chosen as desired, and energy balance and reciprocity requirements are found to be met. The derivation can be extended to obtain the Rayleigh expansion, effectively describing T as a series in ascending powers of the ratio of object size to wavelength. In trial cases, the series converges throughout the Rayleigh region and somewhat beyond. Bodies of high aspect ratio are also considered, where difficulties arise due to precision loss during numerical integration. Loss ranges from 4 or 5 significant figures (2:1 spheroid) to 22 figures (40:1 spheroid) or more. A class of surfaces has been found for which this problem can be avoided, however, enabling one to treat a variety of body shapes up to aspect ratios of 100:1 with no difficulty.
Random House personal computer dictionary (1996)

From the Publisher:
Whether you need to familiarize yourself with the basic vocabulary of the computer world or the latest item of tech talk, the Random House Personal Computer Dictionary, Second Edition explains computer terminology in clear, simple language. This is the computer dictionary that not only understands the experienced hacker, but welcomes the newbie into cyberspace; answers your FAQs; explains the bells and whistles in your software; upgrades you from plain ASCII to Unicode; from vanilla to true color; from crippled version to virtual reality and the World Wide Web. With more than 1,900 essential personal computer terms, carefully linked with abundant cross references and illustrated with more than 75 appealing line drawings, this book will comfort and charm you as it informs.
Site-Specific Genomic Integration in Mammalian Cells Mediated by Phage φC31 Integrase (2001)

We previously established that the phage phiC31 integrase, a site-specific recombinase, mediates efficient integration in the human cell environment at attB and attP phage attachment sites on extrachromosomal vectors. We show here that phage attP sites inserted at various locations in human and mouse chromosomes serve as efficient targets for precise site-specific integration. Moreover, we characterize native "pseudo" attP sites in the human and mouse genomes that also mediate efficient integrase-mediated integration. These sites have partial sequence identity to attP. Such sites form naturally occurring targets for integration. This phage integrase-mediated reaction represents an effective site-specific integration system for higher cells and may be of value in gene therapy and other chromosome engineering strategies.
Stereospecific Polymerizations of Conjugated Dienes by Single Site Iron Complexes Having Chelating N,N,N-Donor Ligands (2003)

Iron−terpyridine complexes, [Fe(terpyridine)2](FeCl4)2 (1), FeCl3(terpyridine) (4), and FeCl3(4,4‘,4‘ ‘-tri-tert-butylterpyridine) (5), were found to display high catalytic activities for 1,2/3,4-polymerizations of isoprene and trans-1,4-polymerization of 1,3-butadiene in the presence of MMAO (modified methylalumoxane), whereas FeCl2(6,6‘ ‘-diarylterpyridine) complexes 2 and 3 exhibit no catalysis for polymerizations of these two monomers even in the presence of MMAO. The N,N,O-ligated N-(2-pyridyl)methyl-2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzaldimine complex (6) of FeCl2 and the corresponding N-(2-pyridyl)-2-oxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzaldimine/FeCl (7) revealed more efficient catalysis for polymerization of isoprene and 1,3-butadiene. In sharp contrast to these N,N,N-donor or N,N,O-donor ligated complexes, N,N-ligated FeCl2(sparteine) complex 8 shows much lower catalytic activities, although the stereospecifity is much higher.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-based gene therapy enhances radiation cytotoxicity in human prostate cancer. (1999)

The purpose of the present study was to determine the therapeutic potential of combining radiotherapy with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-based gene therapy in the human prostate cancer PC-3 xenograft. PC-3 cells are highly resistant to TNF-alpha-induced cytotoxicity in vitro. A modest enhancement of radiation killing was observed with the addition of TNF-alpha in clonogenic survival assays. Combined treatment with Ad.Egr-TNF, a replication-deficient adenovirus modified to express TNF-alpha following the exposure of infected cells to ionizing radiation (40 Gy administered at 5 Gy per fraction) in vivo, resulted in increased tumor control, as defined by a reduction of tumor volume, when compared with treatment with Ad.Egr-TNF alone or with radiation alone (P < .03). The improvement in tumor control was achieved without increasing acute normal tissue damage when compared with tissue injury from radiation alone. The results of these studies support further development and clinical application of genetic radiotherapy for human prostate cancer.
Exposure and binding of selected immunodominant La/SSB epitopes on human apoptotic cells (2005)

These findings provide insight into both the molecular modification of the La autoantigen during apoptosis and the specificity of antibodies capable of binding to surface-exposed La. Subsequent formation of surface immune complexes may lead to tissue injury in patients with autoimmune diseases such as congenital heart block.
Oil content and fatty acid composition of some varieties of barley and sorghum grains (2000)

Oil content of sorghum grains (average 4.57 %) was nearly twice that of barley (average 2.27 %). Palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids were the most abundant fatty acids and that stearic acid content was low in barley and sorghum. The content of linolenic acid was higher in barley than in sorghum. The composition of sorghum oil, in general, was similar to corn oil and could be used for cooking and other uses of edible oils.
Repeated treatment with chimeric anti‐CD4 antibody in multiple sclerosis (1994)

We treated 21 multiple sclerosis patients with two to four doses of cM-T412, a chimeric monoclonal antibody against the CD4 antigen found on helper/inducer T lymphocytes. The mean number (+/- standard error) of circulating CD4 lymphocytes decreased from 888 (+/- 81) cells/mm3 at baseline to 246 (+/- 18) after treatment. At 1 year after the last treatment, the CD4 count had recovered to only 335 (+/- 32). The antibody had no effect on CD8 lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, or other leukocytes. Side effects were minimal. Despite the prolonged depletion of CD4 lymphocytes, no opportunistic infections occurred. Only 1 patient had a possible allergic reaction. Most patients were clinically stable, but a few progressed. We conclude that repeated treatment with cM-T412 is effective in reducing the number of circulating CD4 lymphocytes and has no limiting side effects.
Transient Production of Retroviral- and Lentiviral-Based Vectors for the Transduction of Mammalian Cells (2004)

The genera of the retroviridae comprise oncoretroviruses and lentiviruses (). Oncoretroviruses can only infect dividing cells, as they require the breakdown of the nuclear membrane to access the cellular chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA; ref. ). Conversely, lentiviruses can also infect nondividing cells (). Retroviral and lentiviral vectors are among the most powerful techniques for gene delivery into mammalian cells (). For the sake of simplicity, we refer to retroviral and lentiviral vectors as retroviridae-based vectors. This chapter describes a method for the transient production of high titer, helper-free retroviridae-based vectors (, , ). The transient system for the production of retroviridae-based vectors is fast, reliable, and safe (,,). In fact, the transient nature of this system greatly minimizes the possible formation of replication-competent viruses, which may occur via homologous recombination (,,). The engineering of recombinant retroviridae vectors based on Moloney murine leukemia virus and HIV-1 is shown in Figs. 1 and 2, respectively (). Retroviridae vector stocks can be easily generated in 48 h after the transfection of packaging cells. Three plasmids are simultaneously co-transfected into the packaging cells: one plasmid encodes for the viral envelope, a second plasmid encodes for the components of the viral core (gag-pol), and a third plasmid contains the transgene of interest, which could be either a reporter gene, a therapeutic factor, or a combination of both. The function of the third plasmid consists in providing the chimerical viral genome for the packaging into the recombinant retroviridae-based vector. Open image in new window Fig. 1. Retroviral vector system based on the Moloney murine leukemia virus. Abbreviations: Ψ = packaging signal; pgk = internal promoter driving the expression of a reporter gene or a selectable marker; neo = neomycin; pac = puromycin; hph = hygromycin; env = envelope; VSV-G = vesicular stomatitis virus G protein. Reproduced from ref. with permission, (http://www.stemcells.com). Open image in new window Fig. 2. Lentiviral vector system based on HIV-1. Abbreviations: Ψ = packaging signal; SD = splicing donor site; [ga] = initial sequence of gag gene; RRE = rev response element; MLV = murine leukemia virus; env = envelope; VSV G = vesicular stomatitis virus G protein. The accessory proteins (VIF, VPR, VPU, NEF) of HIV-1 have been deleted. The dashed line indicates the HIV-1 sequences that have been removed from the gag-pol packaging construct. Reproduced from ref. with permission.