gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Pathophysiology of Asthma (2002)

Asthma is a chronic disorder of the airways that is characterized by reversible airflow obstruction and airway inflammation, persistent airway hyperreactivity, and airway remodeling. The etiology of asthma is complex and multifactorial. Recent advances have demonstrated the importance of genetics in the development of asthma, particularly atopic asthma. Environmental stimuli, particularly early childhood infections, have also been associated with the development of asthma. Most current data seem to suggest that these factors drive the development of a Th-2 lymphocyte-predominant immune response, which has been associated with atopy and IgE-mediated inflammation. The concept of reversible airflow obstruction has also recently been challenged. It is now clear that chronic airway changes occur, which may contribute to progressive airflow obstruction. We discuss the important influence of genetic and environmental factors on the emergence of the asthmatic phenotype. The significance of Th-1 and Th-2 lymphocyte-mediated immunity are discussed, and the inflammatory processes leading to chronic airway inflammation are detailed.
The French Disconnection (1986)

In this detailed study of French influences in pre-World War 1 Australian architecture, the author distinguishes between stylistic features of French origin and building techniques and materials originating in France. Examples of both are given.
Ambiguity-Resistant Three- and Four-Channel Interferometers (1976)

Abstract : Interferometers are useful for implementing real-time estimates of the angle-of-arrival of radio-frequency energy from distant emitters. Although accuracy and resolution of these arrays improves with increasing length, so does their tendency toward ambiguous estimates of the spatial angle. Tolerance to ambiguity (caused by channel-pair phase errors) for three-element arrays of a given length improves dramatically when another antenna-receiver channel is added to the array. Extensions to array ambiguity theory clarifies the principles of three-element arrays, and provides exact synthesis procedures for four-element arrays of any length. The extended theory shows that while a three- element array 23 half-wavelengths long (subject to phase errors of 12 electrical degrees rms) has a probability-of-ambiguity (pa) of 45%, the corresponding optimum four-element array has a pa of only 0.075%. Computer-aided syntheses define the optimum four-element arrays from 4 to 42 half-wavelengths, and provide the resultant pa (for system design purposes) for phase errors from 8 to 20 electrical degrees rms.
How do people organize their desks? (1983)

This paper describes a series of interviews focusing on the way professional and clerical office workers organize the information in their desks and offices. A number of implications for designing "natural" and convenient computer-based information systems are discussed.
S1P inhibits gap junctions in astrocytes: involvement of Giand Rho GTPase/ROCK (2006)

Abstract Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) is a potent and pleiotropic bioactive lysophospholipid mostly released by activated platelets that acts on its target cells through its own G protein‐coupled receptors. We have previously reported that mouse striatal astrocytes expressed mRNAs for S1P 1 and S1P 3 receptors and proliferate in response to S1P. Here, we investigated the effect of S1P on gap junctions. We show that a short‐term exposure of astrocytes to S1P causes a robust inhibition of gap junctional communication, as demonstrated by dye coupling experiments and double voltage‐clamp recordings of junctional currents. The inhibitory effect of S1P on dye coupling involves the activation of both G i and Rho GTPases. Rho‐associated kinase (ROCK) also plays a critical role. The capacity of S1P to activate a Rho/ROCK axis in astrocytes is demonstrated by the typical remodeling of actin cytoskeleton. Connexin43, the protein forming gap junction channels, is a target of the G i ‐ and Rho/ROCK‐mediated signaling cascades. Indeed, as shown by Western blots and confocal immunofluorescence, its nonphosphorylated form increases following S1P treatment and this change does not occur when both cascades are disrupted. This novel effect of S1P may have an important physiopathological significance when considering the proposed roles for astrocyte gap junctions on neuronal survival.
Effects of Extracts fromCimicifuga racemosaon Gonadotropin Release in Menopausal Women and Ovariectomized Rats (1991)

REMIFEMIN® is an ethanolic extract of the rhizome of Cimicifuga racemosa (C.r.) and is used to relieve climacteric hot flushes. In the present study the effects of this preparation on LH and FSH secretion of menopausal women were investigated. After an 8 weeks treatment, LH but not FSH levels were significantly reduced in patients receiving the Cimicifuga extract. To further characterize the endocrinologically active principles of this plant extract, a lipophilic extract of C.r. was prepared and subjected to Sephadex chromatography. Fractions obtained were tested for their ability to reduce LH secretion in ovariectomized (ovx) rats and to compete in vitro with 17β-estradiol for estrogen receptor binding sites.
Early CD4+ T Cell Help Prevents Partial CD8+ T Cell Exhaustion and Promotes Maintenance of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Latency (2009)

HSV-specific CD8(+) T cells provide constant immunosurveillance of HSV-1 latently infected neurons in sensory ganglia, and their functional properties are influenced by the presence of latent virus. In this study, we show that ganglionic HSV-specific CD8(+) T cells exhibit a higher functional avidity (ability to respond to low epitope density) than their counterparts in noninfected lungs, satisfying a need for memory effector cells that can respond to low densities of viral epitopes on latently infected neurons. We further show that lack of CD4(+) T cell help during priming leads to a transient inability to control latent virus, which was associated with a PD-1/PD-L1 mediated reduced functional avidity of ganglionic HSV-specific CD8(+) T cells. CD4(+) T cells are not needed to maintain CD8(+) T cell memory through 34 d after infection, nor do they have a direct involvement in the maintenance of HSV-1 latency.
Phages from landscape libraries as substitute antibodies (2000)

In 'landscape' phage, as in traditional phage-display constructs, foreign peptides or proteins are fused to coat proteins on the surface of a filamentous phage particle. Unlike conventional constructs, however, each virion displays thousands of copies of the peptide in a repeating pattern, subtending a major fraction of the viral surface. The phage body serves as an interacting scaffold to constrain the peptide into a particular conformation, creating a defined organic surface structure ('landscape') that varies from one phage clone to the next. By testing landscape libraries with three representative antigens (streptavidin from the bacterium Streptomyces avidinii, avidin from chicken egg white and beta-galactosidase from Escherichia coli) we have shown that landscape phages may be used as a new type of substitute antibodies-filaments that can bind protein and glycoprotein antigens with nanomolar affinities and high specificity. In many ways these substitute antibodies are more convenient than their natural immunoglobulin counterparts.
Fancy meeting you here! A fresh look at "prokaryotic" protein phosphorylation (1996)

Bacteria play host to a wide range of protein phosphorylation-dephosphorylation systems (Fig. 1). As little as five years ago the known systems were thought to be late-emerging and absolutely prokaryote specific. Today we know that most protein kinases and protein phosphatases are descended from a set of common, and possibly quite ancient, prototypes. Prokaryote- and eukaryote-specific protein kinases and protein phosphatases are rare and represent exceptions, not the rule as previously thought. Commonality suggests that a dynamic and versatile regulatory mechanism was first adapted to the modulation of protein function as early if not earlier than more "basic" mechanisms such as allosterism, etc. The existence of common molecular themes confirms that the microbial world offers a unique, largely untapped library and a powerful set of tools for the understanding of a regulatory mechanism which is crucial to all organisms, tools whose diversity and experimental malleability will provide new avenues for exploring and understanding key modes of cellular regulation.
In brief (2001)

A Border Passage: From Cairo to America—A Woman's Journey, by Leila Ahmed. New York: Penguin Putnam Inc., 2000. A Recognition of Being: Reconstructing Native Womanhood, by Kim Anderson. Ontario: Second Story P, 2000. Marie d'Agoult: The Rebel Countess, by Richard Bolster. New Haven: Yale UP, 2000. Begotten, Not Made: Conceiving Manhood in Late Antiquity, by Virginia Burrus. Stanford: Stanford UP, 2000. White Women Writing White: H.D., Elizabeth Bishop, Sylvia Plath, and Whiteness, by Renee Curry. Connecticut: Greenwood P, 2000. Venus on Wheels: Two Decades of Dialogue on Disability, Biography, and Being Female in America, by Gelya Frank. Berkeley: U of California P, 2000. Musical Women in England, 1870–1914: Encroaching on All Man's Privileges, by Paula Gillett. New York: St. Martin's P, 2000. The Mixed Legacy of Charlotte Perkins Gilman, edited by Catherine J. Golden and Joanna Schneider Zangrando. Newark: U of Delaware P, 2000. Becoming Citizens: The Emergence and Development of the California Women's Movement, 1880–1911, by Gayle Gullett. Champaign, IL: U of Illinois P, 2000. Other Sexes: Rewriting Difference from Woolf to Winterson, by Andrea L. Harris. Albany: State U of New York P, 2000. Literary Trauma: Sadism, Memory, and Sexual Violence in American Women's Fiction, by Deborah M. Horvitz. Albany: State U of New York P, 2000. Cleavage: Technology, Controversy, and the Ironies of the Man‐Made Breast, by Nora Jacobson. New Brunswick, New Jersey and London: Rutgers UP, 2000. Living Between Danger and Love: The Limits of Choice, by Kathleen B. Jones. New Brunswick: Rutgers UP, 2000. Elizabeth I: Collected Works, edited by Leah S. Marcus, Janel Mueller, and Mary Beth Rose. Chicago and London: The U of Chicago P, 2000. Suits Me: The Double Life of Billy Tipton, by Diane Wood Middlebrook. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998. Sharing Secrets: Nineteenth‐Century Women's Relations in the Short Story, by Christine Palumbo‐DeSimone. Madison, NJ: Farleigh Dickinson UP, 2000. En‐Gendering India: Women and Nation in Colonial and Postcolonial Narratives, by Sangeeta Ray. Durham, N.C.: Duke UP, 2000. Women and Gender in Early Modern Wales, edited by Michael Roberts and Simone Clarke. Cardiff: U of Wales P, 2000. Changing Ireland: Strategies in Contemporary Women's Fiction, by Christine St. Peter. New York: St. Martin's P, 2000. Plots and Proposals: American Women's Fiction, 1850–90, by Karen Tracey. Champaign: U of Illinois P, 2000. Globalizing Concerns for Women's Human Rights: The Failure of the American Model, by Diana G. Zoelle. New York: St. Martin's P, 2000.
Effects of SW033291 on the myogenesis of muscle-derived stem cells and muscle regeneration (2020)

SW033291 acted as a positive regulator of MDSC myogenic differentiation, and incorporating the compound with MDSCs in fibrin gel could serve as an effective method to repair large skeletal muscle defects.
Amphiphilic Templating of Mesostructured Zirconium Oxide (1998)

The synthesis of zirconium oxide with a mesostructured framework (Zr-TMS) has been achieved through the use of amphiphilic compounds with a variety of headgroups (anionic and nonionic) and tail group chain lengths (1−18 carbons). Anionic surfactants with phosphate, carboxylate, sulfate, and sulfonate headgroups led to disordered hexagonal and/or layered phases. Mesoporous zirconia with high surface areas could be obtained through calcination of materials templated with phosphate amphiphiles; the phosphate headgroups remained on the pore walls and appeared necessary for thermal stability. Nonionic amine amphiphiles have been found to lead to less ordered zirconia mesostructures, due to the weak interaction with the zirconium n-propoxide precursor. The chain-length-independent templating ability of the amphiphiles and ex situ 31P MAS NMR of dodecyl phosphate (before and after incorporation into Zr-TMS) supported a method of formation involving covalent-bond interactions between the headgroup and the inorganic precursor.
Soluble (pro)renin receptor treats metabolic syndrome in mice with diet-induced obesity via interaction with PPARγ (2020)

The therapies available for management of obesity and associated conditions are limited, because they are often directed toward an individual component of metabolic syndrome and are associated with adverse effects. Here, we report the multifaceted therapeutic potential of histidine-tagged recombinant soluble (pro)renin receptor (sPRR), termed sPRR-His, in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity (DIO). In the DIO model, 2-week administration of sPRR-His lowered body weight and remarkably improved multiple metabolic parameters in the absence of fluid retention. Conversely, inhibition of endogenous sPRR production by PF429242 induced diabetes and insulin resistance, both of which were reversed by the sPRR-His supplement. At the cellular level, sPRR-His enhanced insulin-induced increases in glucose uptake via upregulation of phosphorylated AKT and protein abundance of glucose transporter 4. Promoter and gene expression analysis revealed PRR as a direct target gene of PPARγ. Adipocyte-specific PPARγ deletion induced severe diabetes and insulin resistance associated with reduced adipose PRR expression and circulating sPRR. The sPRR-His supplement in the null mice nearly normalized blood glucose and insulin levels. Additionally, sPRR-His treatment suppressed DIO-induced renal sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) expression. Overall, sPRR-His exhibits a therapeutic potential in management of metabolic syndrome via interaction with PPARγ.
Optimization of culture conditions for indole-3-pyruvic acid production by Streptomyces griseoflavus (1994)

Thirty strains of actinomycetes were isolated from fertile soils in Egypt on starch–nitrate agar. The isolated organisms were recognized as spore formers with aerial mycelia containing L-DAP (diaminopimelic acid) and glycine. The inability of the vegetative mycelia to fragment into bacillary or coccoid forms and the presence of spores borne on sporophores, placed these organisms in the family Streptomycetaceae. The isolates also proved to be aerobic and Gram positive. The absence of DL-DAP and the presence of L-DAP in their cell hydrolysates, and the production of a wide range of pigments in the aerial and substrate mycelia, assigned these isolates to the genus Streptomyces. The isolated organisms were screened for production of plant growth regulators, and the most active producer of indole-3-pyruvic acid was examined further. Using the described morphological, physiological, and biochemical criteria for identification, this organism was identified as Streptomyces griseoflavus. The optimal culture conditions for maximal production of both cellular and extracellular indole-3-pyruvic acid by S. griseoflavus were investigated and shown to be as follows: a culture medium composed of (g∙100 mL −1 ) NH 4 NO 3 , 0.55; DL-tryptophan, 0.4; NaCl, 0.7; at pH 7 (buffered); with an incubation period of 6 days at 28 °C in the dark and under shaking conditions.Key words: actinomycetes, plant growth regulators, Streptomyces griseoflavus, indole-3-pyruvic acid, culture conditions.
Altered T cell ligands derived from a major house dust mite allergen enhance IFN-γ but not IL-4 production by human CD4+ T cells (1996)

Changes in the affinity of the interaction between T cell Ag receptors and their ligands can modulate selected T cell effector functions. Since both allergen-specific Th2 and Th0 cells are present in the peripheral CD4+ T cell pool of atopic individuals, the potential to inhibit cytokine production by Th2 cells and promote Th1-type cytokines from Th0 cells may contribute to the down-regulation of allergic inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of peptide analogues of a dominant T cell epitope of the group II allergen derived from house dust mite, residues 28 to 40, on proliferation and cytokine production by human Th2 and Th0 cells. From both functional competition and proliferation assays, using analogues substituted with alanine or charged amino acids, the influence of different positions in p28-40 on TCR recognition and/or MHC class II binding was determined. For the specific Th0 cells, generally those analogues that lead to a reduction in proliferation also decreased both IL-4 and IFN-gamma production. However, the p28-40 analogues with alanine residues at positions 34 and 36 altered the IFN-gamma:IL-4 ratio by selectively enhancing IFN-gamma secretion. In the case of Th2 cells, stimulation with the peptide analogues induced different patterns of effector function. Selected analogues were capable of inducing IL-4 production in the absence of proliferation, whereas in response to other peptide variants of p28-40, both IL-4 production and proliferation were inhibited.
NEMO Binds Ubiquitinated TANK-Binding Kinase 1 (TBK1) to Regulate Innate Immune Responses to RNA Viruses (2012)

RIG-I-like receptors (RLR) are intracellular sensors utilized by nearly all cell types for recognition of viral RNA, initiation of antiviral defense, and induction of type I interferons (IFN). TBK1 is a critical kinase implicated in RLR-dependent IFN transcription. Posttranslational modification of TBK1 by K63-linked ubiquitin is required for RLR driven signaling. However, the TBK1 ubiquitin acceptor sites and the function of ubiquitinated TBK1 in the signaling cascade are unknown. We now show that TBK1 is ubiquitinated on residues K69, K154, and K372 in response to infection with RNA virus. The K69 and K154 residues are critical for innate antiviral responses and IFN production. Ubiquitinated TBK1 recruits the downstream adaptor NEMO through ubiquitin binding domains. The assembly of the NEMO/TBK1 complex on the mitochondrial protein MAVS leads to activation of TBK1 kinase activity and phosphorylation of the transcription factor, interferon response factor 3. The combined results refine current views of RLR signaling, define the role of TBK1 polyubiquitination, and detail the mechanisms involved in signalosome assembly.
LiveLeishmaniapromastigotes can directly activate primary human natural killer cells to produce interferon-gamma (2003)

Natural killer (NK) cells have been implicated in the natural protection and healing of leishmaniasis by their ability to secrete the macrophage activating cytokine interferon (IFN)gamma. Previous studies have demonstrated that early production of interleukin (IL)-12 triggers IFN gamma secretion by NK cells. Here we report that live Leishmania promastigotes (the form that is injected by the vector) can directly induce human peripheral blood NK cells from healthy donors to IFN gamma secretion in the absence of IL-12 and professional antigen presenting cells. Killing of promastigotes abolishes this property. This novel mechanism of activation of the innate immune response may be relevant for establishment of infection and thus also the design of vaccines against leishmaniasis.
SIGNAL SCAN: a computer program that scans DNA sequences for eukaryotic transcriptional elements (1991)

SIGNAL SCAN is a program that has been developed to aid the molecular biologist in determining what eukaryotic transcription factor elements (and other significant elements) may exist in a DNA sequence under investigation. The program uses flatfile databases of these elements. SIGNAL SCAN is most useful for analyzing mammalian sequences due to the prevalence of mammalian elements in the database. Elements not found in the SIGNAL SCAN database may be entered by the user. SIGNAL SCAN uses both specific sequence elements derived from biochemical characterization and elements from derived consensus sequences to match against a user input DNA sequence. While any DNA sequence element matching an element in the SIGNAL SCAN database will be reported by the program, the determination of the biological relevance of the element is left up to the investigator.
A RECOMBINANT SOLUBLE CHIMERIC COMPLEMENT INHIBITOR COMPOSED OF HUMAN CD46 AND CD55 REDUCES ACUTE CARDIAC TISSUE INJURY IN MODELS OF PIG-TO-HUMAN HEART TRANSPLANTATION1, 2 (2000)

These results indicate that CAB-2 can function as an inhibitor of complement activation and markedly reduce tissue injury in models of pig-to-human xenotransplantation and thus may represent a useful therapeutic agent for xenotransplantation and other complement-mediated conditions.
Lightweight version vectors for pervasive computing devices (2002)

Traditional version vectors can be used to optimize peer-to-peer synchronization for pervasive computing devices. However, their storage overhead may be a prohibitive factor in scalability in an environment with a typically low communication bandwidth and a relatively small storage memory. We present a dynamic version vector design that allows small data sizes for version vector items. We call it the lightweight version vector (LVV) approach, and argue that a step increase method of LVV can be an effective solution for peer-to-peer synchronization of pervasive computing devices.
Generation of Engraftable Hematopoietic Stem Cells From Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by Way of Teratoma Formation (2013)

In vitro generation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has the potential to provide novel therapeutic approaches for replacing bone marrow (BM) transplantation without rejection or graft versus host disease. Hitherto, however, it has proved difficult to generate truly functional HSCs transplantable to adult host mice. Here, we demonstrate a unique in vivo differentiation system yielding engraftable HSCs from mouse and human iPSCs in teratoma-bearing animals in combination with a maneuver to facilitate hematopoiesis. In mice, we found that iPSC-derived HSCs migrate from teratomas into the BM and their intravenous injection into irradiated recipients resulted in multilineage and long-term reconstitution of the hematolymphopoietic system in serial transfers. Using this in vivo generation system, we could demonstrate that X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) mice can be treated by HSCs derived from gene-corrected clonal iPSCs. It should also be noted that neither leukemia nor tumors were observed in recipients after transplantation of iPSC-derived HSCs. Taken our findings together, our system presented in this report should provide a useful tool not only for the study of HSCs, but also for practical application of iPSCs in the treatment of hematologic and immunologic diseases.