gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A broad-band optical network based on hierarchical multiplexing of wavelengths and RF subcarriers (1989)

A multiwavelength local-access optical network that is capable of supporting multiple services with diverse requirements is discussed. Integral to the network is an acoustooptic tunable filter, which has the unique capability of selecting multiple, but not necessarily adjacent, wavelengths simultaneously. The use of multiwavelength selectivity, together with subcarrier multiplexing in the electronic domain, suggests simple solutions to many transmission and switching problems in a multiservice setting. An important conclusion is that multiwavelength selectivity can be used to implement many networking functions not easily realized otherwise.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cellulose utilization by Clostridium thermocellum : Bioenergetics and hydrolysis product assimilation (2005)

The bioenergetics of cellulose utilization by Clostridium thermocellum was investigated. Cell yield and maintenance parameters, Y(X/ATP)True = 16.44 g cell/mol ATP and m = 3.27 mmol ATP/g cell per hour, were obtained from cellobiose-grown chemostats, and it was shown that one ATP is required per glucan transported. Experimentally determined values for G(ATP)P-T (ATP from phosphorolytic beta-glucan cleavage minus ATP for substrate transport, mol ATP/mol hexose) from chemostats fed beta-glucans with degree of polymerization (DP) 2-6 agreed well with the predicted value of (n-2)/n [corrected] (n = mean cellodextrin DP assimilated). A mean G(ATP)(P-T) value of 0.52 +/- 0.06 was calculated for cellulose-grown chemostat cultures, corresponding to n = 4.20 +/- 0.46. Determination of intracellular beta-glucan radioactivity resulting from 14C-labeled substrates showed that uptake is different for cellulose and cellobiose (G2). For 14C-cellobiose, radioactivity was greatest for G2; substantially smaller but measurable for G1, G3, and G4; undetectable for G5 and G6; and n was approximately 2. For 14C-cellulose, radioactivity was greatest for G5; lower but substantial for G6, G2, and G1; very low for G3 and G4; and n was approximately 4. These results indicate that: (i) C. thermocellum hydrolyzes cellulose by a different mode of action from the classical mechanism involving solubilization by cellobiohydrolase; (ii) bioenergetic benefits specific to growth on cellulose are realized, resulting from the efficiency of oligosaccharide uptake combined with intracellular phosphorolytic cleavage of beta-glucosidic bonds; and (iii) these benefits exceed the bioenergetic cost of cellulase synthesis, supporting the feasibility of anaerobic biotechnological processing of cellulosic biomass without added saccharolytic enzymes.
Utilization of tmRNA sequences for bacterial identification (2001)

Features of tmRNA, including its presence in phylogenetically distant bacteria, conserved regions at gene extremities and a potential to serve as target for FISH, make this molecule a possible candidate for identification of bacteria.
Recent advances in the development of immunostimulatory oligonucleotides. (2003)

Some immune cells recognize distinct molecular structures present in pathogens through specific pattern recognition receptors that are able to distinguish prokaryotic DNA from vertebrate DNA. The detection of invading microbial DNA is based on the recognition of unmethylated deoxycytidyl-deoxyguanosin dinucleotide (CpG) motifs. Synthetic oligonucleotides (ODNs) containing these CpG motifs are able to activate both innate and acquired immune responses through a signaling pathway involving Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). Depending on the sequence, length, as well as number and positions of CpG motifs in an ODN, distinct immunostimulatory profiles can be observed. These immunostimulatory profiles can be further modified and fine-tuned by appropriate chemical modifications, leading to preclinical and clinical development of CpG ODNs in cancer, allergy, asthma and infectious diseases.
Human Cortical Neuronal Cell Line: Establishment From a Patient with Unilateral Megalencephaly (1990)

A cell line has been established in continuous culture of human cerebral cortical neurons obtained from a patient with unilateral megalencephaly, a disorder associated with continued proliferation of immature neuronal cells. When differentiated in the presence of nerve growth factor, 1-isobutyl-3-methylxanthine, and dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP), the cells display mature neuronal morphology with numerous long, extensively branched processes with spines and varicosities. The cells stain positively for neurofilament protein and neuron-specific enolase (selective neuronal markers) but are negative for glial markers, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein, S-100, and myelin basic protein. The cells also stain positively for the neurotransmitters gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, somatostatin, cholecystokinin-8, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. These cells may facilitate characterization of neurons in the human central nervous system.
Munich: the cost! (2004)

One of the most enduring images of 20th‐century British history is of Neville Chamberlain descending the steps of a shining new aircraft, triumphantly waving that fateful ‘piece of paper’. But another scrap of paper related to Chamberlain's flight to Munich—British Airways Ltd's bill for the return flight—sheds light not only on Britain's developing civil aviation industry but also on relations between Whitehall departments. The question of which department should be responsible for the bill dragged on for several months, revealing Whitehall's determination that the expenditure should be correctly attributed.
Microglial activation in multiple system atrophy (1998)

Microglial activation is a prominent feature of affected brain areas in multiple system atrophy. Microglia express proinflammatory peptides, which may be a result of activation of nuclear factor-KB. We investigated the nuclear presence of RelA, the 65 kDa subunit of the NF-KB/RelA family in striatum and brain stem of patients with multiple system atrophy. Affected brain areas of patients with multiple system atrophy showed a marked immunoreactivity for nuclear Rel A p65, which was almost exclusively localized in activated microglia. Interestingly nuclear translocation of Rel A was not detected in striatal tissue of controls and Parkinson disease patients. Thus, NF-kappaB/Rel A complexes may play a role in mediating microglial activation in multiple system atrophy.
A Peptide Derived from a β2-Adrenergic Receptor Transmembrane Domain Inhibits Both Receptor Dimerization and Activation (1996)

One of the assumptions of the mobile receptor hypothesis as it relates to G protein-coupled receptors is that the stoichiometry of receptor, G protein, and effector is 1:1:1 (Bourne, H. R., Sanders, D. A., and McCormick, F.(1990) Nature 348, 125-132). Many studies on the cooperativity of agonist binding are incompatible with this notion and have suggested that both G proteins and their associated receptors can be oligomeric. However, a clear physical demonstration that G protein-coupled receptors can indeed interact as dimers and that such interactions may have functional consequences was lacking. Here, using differential epitope tagging we demonstrate that beta2-adrenergic receptors do form SDS-resistant homodimers and that transmembrane domain VI of the receptor may represent part of an interface for receptor dimerization. The functional importance of dimerization is supported by the observation that a peptide derived from this domain that inhibits dimerization also inhibits beta-adrenergic agonist-promoted stimulation of adenylyl cyclase activity. Moreover, agonist stimulation was found to stabilize the dimeric state of the receptor, while inverse agonists favored the monomeric species, which suggests that interconversion between monomeric and dimeric forms may be important for biological activity.
A phase Ib/II study evaluating activity and tolerability of BTK inhibitor PCI-32765 and ofatumumab in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) and related diseases. (2012)

6508 Background: Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a non-receptor kinase that is critical for B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling in normal and malignant B lymphocytes. PCI-32765 (P), an oral, potent and irreversible BTK inhibitor, antagonizes BCR signaling in CLL cells and abrogates protective features of the microenvironment. P is highly active as a single agent in CLL/SLL patients (pts), and this phase Ib/II study builds upon single-agent experience by combining P with ofatumumab (O), an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. We present initial safety and efficacy data from cohort 1. Methods: Pts with relapsed/refractory (R/R) CLL/SLL following ≥2 prior therapies (Tx), including a purine-nucleoside analog (PA), are treated with 420 mg P daily, in 28-day cycles, until disease progression. O is added at a dose of 300 mg on day (D) 1 of cycle 2, followed by 2000 mg on D8, 15, and 22 of cycle 2, D1, 8, 15, and 22 of cycle 3, and on D1 of cycles 5-8. Results: As of November 2011, 27 patients with either CLL/SLL/PLL (n=24) or Richter’s transformation (RT, n=3) have been enrolled and have received at least 6 cycles of treatment. The median age is 66 (range 51-85), 9 were Rai stage III/IV. Median number of prior Tx is 3 (range 2-10), 15 pts had bulky disease (&gt; 5 cm); 11 pts were PA refractory. Poor-risk molecular features were common (del(17p) 10 pts, del(11q) 9 pts). No grade (G) 3 or 4 infusion reactions, neutropenia, or thrombocytopenia have been observed. The majority of adverse events (AE) were G1/2. G3/4 AE included anemia (11%), pneumonia (11%), UTI (7%), hyponatremia (7%). 24/24 CLL/SLL/PLL pts have achieved PR (100% ORR) within 6 cycles; 2/3 RT pts had PR. With median follow-up of 6.5 mo (range 5.3-10.2 mo), 23 CLL/SLL/PLL pts and 1 RT pt remain on study; 1 CLL/SLL pt went to transplant in PR; 2 RT pts progressed. Conclusions: PCI-32765 combined with ofatumumab is well tolerated and highly active (100% ORR) in pts with heavily pre-treated R/R CLL/SLL. Rapid onset of response, low relapse rate, and favorable safety profile make this combination worthy of further study. Cohorts evaluating other Tx sequences are currently underway.
Novel Signal Transduction Pathway Utilized by Extracellular HSP70 (2002)

Recent studies have initiated a paradigm shift in the understanding of the function of heat shock proteins (HSP). It is now clear that HSP can and do exit mammalian cells, interact with cells of the immune system, and exert immunoregulatory effects. We recently demonstrated that exogenously added HSP70 possesses potent cytokine activity, with the ability to bind with high affinity to the plasma membrane, elicit a rapid intracellular Ca(2+) flux, activate NF-kappaB, and up-regulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human monocytes. Here for the first time, we report that HSP70-induced proinflammatory cytokine production is mediated via the MyD88/IRAK/NF-kappaB signal transduction pathway and that HSP70 utilizes both TLR2 (receptor for Gram-positive bacteria) and TLR4 (receptor for Gram-negative bacteria) to transduce its proinflammatory signal in a CD14-dependent fashion. These studies now pave the way for the development of highly effective pharmacological or molecular tools that will either up-regulate or suppress HSP70-induced functions in conditions where HSP70 effects are desirable (cancer) or disorders where HSP70 effects are undesirable (arthritis and arteriosclerosis).
As Genes Differ, So Should Interventions for Cancer (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects of Gasoline Composition and Properties on Vehicle Emissions: A Review of Prior Studies - Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program (1991)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Prior studies of the effect of gasoline composition and physical properties on automotive exhaust and evaporative emissions have been reviewed. The prior work shows that the parameters selected for investigation in the Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program (AQIRP) - gasoline aromatics content, addition of oxygenated compounds, olefins content, 90% distillation temperature, Reid vapor pressure, and sulfur content - can affect emissions. Effects have been observed on the mass of hydrocarbon, CO, and NOx emissions; on the reactivity of emissions toward ozone formation; and on the emissions of designated toxic air pollutants. The individual effects of some of the AQIRP parameters have been studied extensively in modern vehicles, but the most comprehensive studies of gasoline composition were conducted in early 1970 vehicles, and comparing the various studies shows that fuel effects can vary among vehicles with different control technology. Compared with prior studies, the AQIRP is the most comprehensive and systematic study of the combined effects of fuel parameters on emissions from modern vehicles.&lt;/div&gt;
Synthetic peptides entrapped in microparticles can elicit cytotoxic T cell activity (1996)

Peptides from Plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite protein (CS) and influenza A virus nucleoprotein (NP) were entrapped in microparticles prepared from poly (lactide-co-glycolide) polymers, and the microparticles were administered parenterally to mice. After immunization with single or multiple doses, splenocytes were tested for a cytotoxic T cell (CTL) response and high levels of CTL activity were detected. The CTL induced were CD8+, MHC class I restricted, and could recognize virus infected cells. Peptide entrapped in microparticles of mean size < 500 nm were better inducers of CTL than larger microparticles (mean > 2 microns and above). Microparticles could also be used to deliver lipid modified peptides (lipopeptides) and elicited higher levels of cytolytic activity than either free peptide in microparticles or lipopeptide alone. Microparticles provide a novel way of inducing a CTL response using synthetic peptides.
Selection of High Expressing Mammalian Cells by Surface Display of Reporters (2011)

A flow cytometry method using a nonfluorescent reporter protein was developed for rapid, early-stage identification of cells producing high levels of a recombinant protein of interest. A cell surface reporter protein is coexpressed with the protein of interest, and the reporter protein is detected using a fluorescently labeled antibody. The genes encoding the reporter protein and the protein of interest are linked by an IRES so that they are transcribed in the same mRNA but are translated independently. Since they each arise from a common mRNA, the reporter protein's expression level accurately predicts, on a per cell basis, the relative expression level of the protein of interest. This method provides an effective process for selecting cells that express high levels of recombinant proteins, with the benefits of rapid and accurate 96-well plate clone screening (that is both quantitative and qualitative) and elimination of unstable clones during subsequent scale up and culture. Furthermore, because this method does not rely on the availability of a detection reagent specific for the protein of interest that is expressed, it can be easily implemented into any cell line development process.
Reactions of phosphinates in sulfuric acid and oleum (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of phosphinates in sulfuric acid and oleumPaul Haake and Paul S. OssipCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 25, 6919–6924Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00754a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00754a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views159Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthetic Amphiphilic Peptide Models for Protein Ion Channels (1988)

Ion channel proteins are important for the conduction of ions across biological membranes. Recent analyses of their sequences have suggested that they are composed of bundles of alpha-helices that associate to form ion-conducting channels. To gain insight into the mechanisms by which alpha-helices can aggregate and conduct ions, three model peptides containing only leucine and serine residues were synthesized and characterized. A 21-residue peptide, H2N-(Leu-Ser-Ser-Leu-Leu-Ser-Leu)3-CONH2, which was designed to be a membrane-spanning amphiphilic alpha-helix, formed well-defined ion channels with ion permeability and lifetime characteristics resembling the acetylcholine receptor. In contrast, a 14-residue version of this peptide, which was too short to span the phospolipid bilayer as an alpha-helix, failed to form discrete, stable channels. A third peptide, H2N-(Leu-Ser-Leu-Leu-Leu-Ser-Leu)3-CONH2, in which one serine per heptad repeat was replaced by leucine, produced proton-selective channels. Computer graphics and energy minimization were used to create molecular models that were consistent with the observed properties of the channels.
Quantitative Characterization of Furin Specificity (1999)

Furin, an essential mammalian proprotein processing enzyme of the kexin/furin family of subtilisin-related eukaryotic processing proteases, is implicated in maturation of substrates involved in development, signaling, coagulation, and pathogenesis. We examined the energetics of furin specificity using a series of peptidyl methylcoumarinamide substrates. In contrast to previous reports, we found that furin can cleave such substrates with kinetics comparable to those observed with extended peptides and physiological substrates. With the best of these hexapeptidyl methylcoumarinamides, furin displayed k(cat)/K(m) values greater than 10(6) M(-1) s(-1). Furin exhibited striking substrate inhibition with hexapeptide but not tetrapeptide substrates, an observation of significance to the evaluation of peptide-based furin inhibitors. Quantitative comparison of furin and Kex2 recognition at P(1), P(2), and P(4) demonstrates that whereas interactions at P(1) make comparable contributions to catalysis by the two enzymes, furin exhibited a approximately 10-fold lesser dependence on P(2) recognition but a 10-100-fold greater dependence on P(4) recognition. Furin has recently been shown to exhibit P(6) recognition and we found that this interaction contributes approximately 1.4 kcal/mol toward catalysis independent of the nature of the P(4) residue. We have also shown that favorable residues at P(2) and P(6) will compensate for less than optimal residues at either P(1) or P(4). The quantitative analysis of furin and Kex2 specificity sharply distinguish the nature of substrate recognition by the processing and degradative members of subtilisin-related proteases.
Determination of Blood Ammonia Using the Ammonia Checker (1983)

A new diffusion method employing bromocresol green for determination of blood ammonia (Ammonia CheckerR) using disposable reagent test-plates and a pocket-size colorimeter with direct read-out of results was compared with an enzymatic method. The values obtained with the Ammonia Checker were slightly lower than those with the enzymatic method. Instead of arterial blood, capillary blood may be used for ammonia determination, but thorough cleansing of the fingertip used is necessary because of the high ammonia content of sweat.
Sterility of Anesthetic Multiple-dose Vials after Opening (1985)

Despite the widespread use of multiple dose vials (MDV) for anesthetic medications, there is a paucity of data concerning the sterility of in-use MDV. The purpose of this study was to analyze the frequency of bacterial contamination of MDV used in current anesthesia practice. The authors collected weekly samples from 351 in-use MDV for seven consecutive weeks and cultured them using appropriate bacterial growth media. The vials contained drugs including neuromuscular blockers, anticholinergics, and an induction agent. They were sampled from locations designated for elective as well as emergency surgery. Six vial subgroups were studied with multiple samplings for 6-48 days. One-half of all opened vials remained in use after 4-9 days, while less than 5% remained after 6 weeks. No vial yielded bacteria. The authors conclude that the incidence of MDV contamination with live bacteria is low for the anesthetic medications studied. This appeared to be true even for vials with increasing duration of use and for vials from locations where emergency surgery commonly was performed.
Protecting the protected: The Greek agricultural policy network∗ (1995)

Abstract This article employs the concept of policy networks to examine a major area of policy‐making and provide fresh insights into Greek politics. It questions the extent to which policy‐making in the Greek agricultural sector can be usefully typified as pluralist or corporatist. The authors conclude that the weakness and vulnerability of the state to the demands of the co‐operatives, in particular, suggests that the sectoral corporatist model understates the level of mutual dependency. The rhetoric of clientelism disguises the reality that the government no longer occupies a clearly superior position in the network but shares policy‐making powers with other societal institutions.