gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tissue Engineering Techniques for the Treatment of a Complex Knee Injury (2006)

We report and discuss the use of and rationale for tissue engineering techniques in a 40-year-old sportsman who suffered simultaneous anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture, irreparable medial meniscal tear, and chondral lesion of the medial femoral condyle. A 2-step treatment was adopted to address all lesions. The first procedures consisted of ACL reconstruction and collagen meniscus implant (CMI), followed 6 months later by autologous chondrocyte implantation on a collagen membrane (MACI). A CMI biopsy was performed 6 months after implantation. Histologic and ultrastructural analysis documented scaffold invasion by cells and newly synthesized connective tissue. At 2-year follow up, the clinical and functional results were good and magnetic resonance imaging showed integration of the meniscal and cartilage implants. In this patient, each lesion needed to be addressed to achieve an optimal outcome. The primary goal was to restore normal joint biomechanics by performing CMI and ACL reconstruction. MACI was an adequate solution for the management of the large (5 cm(2)) chondral defect.
Protein Adsorption at Interfaces Detected by Second Harmonic Generation (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionProtein Adsorption at Interfaces Detected by Second Harmonic GenerationJ. S. Salafsky and K. B. EisenthalCite this: J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108, 10, 3376Publication Date (Web):February 12, 2004Publication History Published online12 February 2004Published inissue 1 March 2004https://doi.org/10.1021/jp031202vCopyright © 2004 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views281Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (5 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Expression of syndecan gene is induced early, is transient, and correlates with changes in mesenchymal cell proliferation during tooth organogenesis (1991)

Syndecan is an integral cell surface proteoglycan which contains an extracellular matrix-binding domain and a cytoskeleton-associated domain and may therefore transfer changes in the extracellular environment to cellular behavior. Changes in syndecan gene expression during embryonic and early postnatal mouse tooth development were analyzed by in situ hybridization and compared with the distribution of syndecan core protein and cell proliferation studied by immunohistochemistry. Syndecan RNA became accumulated in the condensing mesenchymal cells around the invaginating epithelial tooth bud during early development, and this accumulation became more intense when morphogenesis advanced to the cap stage. During the bell stage, when the cuspal pattern of the tooth is established, syndecan transcripts were lost, and RNA was not detected in the terminally differentiated or postmitotic odontoblasts. In the epithelium, syndecan RNA was intensely expressed in the invaginating epithelial bud, but the expression was reduced during the cap and bell stages. However, local stimulation in syndecan gene expression was observed in the epithelial preameloblasts immediately preceding their terminal differentiation into ameloblasts, which was accompanied by a complete loss of transcripts. There was a close correlation between the changes in syndecan transcripts and the distribution of syndecan core protein. Furthermore, analysis of cell proliferation by immunohistochemical detection of BrdU incorporation revealed that in the mesenchyme, but not in the epithelium, syndecan was intensely expressed by proliferating cells. The analysis of mRNA by Northern blot indicated that the transcripts in mesenchymal and epithelial cells were of similar size. In the slot-blot analysis the changes in syndecan transcripts correlated with the overall changes observed in the in situ hybridization analysis. The role of tissue interactions in the regulation of the syndecan gene was studied by using tissue recombination cultures of separated epithelial and mesenchymal components of the early tooth germ. The in situ hybridization and Northern blot analysis of these explants showed that the expression was increased in the mesenchyme cultured in contact with the epithelium. Our results indicate that syndecan gene expression in the embryonic tooth mesenchyme is induced by epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and thereafter expressed stage-dependently and transiently by the differentiating cells during organogenesis. The association of syndecan expression with mesenchymal cell proliferation raises the possibility that, in addition to behaving as a matrix receptor, syndecan may have a role in controlling growth and that syndecan may have different functions in epithelial and mesenchymal cells.
Generalized hypervigilance in fibromyalgia: evidence of perceptual amplification (1996)

The hypervigilance model of pain perception states that chronic pain patients have a heightened sensitivity to pain (e.g. low threshold and tolerance) because of increased attention to external stimulation and a preoccupation with pain sensations. This study tested the hypothesis that individuals with fibromyalgia, a chronic pain disorder of undetermined origin, have a generalized hypervigilant pattern of responding that extends beyond the pain domain. Twenty fibromyalgia out-patients, 20 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and 20 normal controls served as subjects. The RA and normal control subjects were age and sex matched to the fibromyalgia patients. Subjects were tested for pain tolerance, pain threshold, and noise tolerance and were asked to complete a number of questionnaires that assessed hypervigilance. As predicted, the responses of the fibromyalgia patients to both the pain and auditory stimuli were consistent with the generalized hypervigilance hypothesis. These patients had significantly lower threshold and tolerance values than the RA patients, who in turn, had lower values than the normal control subjects. The results of the psychological questionnaires revealed that the fibromyalgia and RA patients preferred lower levels of external stimulation than the control subjects. The outcome of this study supports the generalized hypervigilance hypothesis, suggesting that fibromyalgia patients have a perceptual style of amplification. The implications of these findings for understanding the role of biological, cognitive, and perceptual factors in pain disorders are discussed.
Taking aim at Mer and Axl receptor tyrosine kinases as novel therapeutic targets in solid tumors (2010)

Axl and Mer mediate multiple oncogenic phenotypes and activation of these RTKs constitutes a mechanism of chemoresistance in a variety of solid tumors. Targeted inhibition of these RTKs may be effective as anti-tumor and/or anti-metastatic therapy, particularly if combined with standard cytotoxic therapies.
A Rational Function Lens Distortion Model for General Cameras (2005)

We introduce a new rational function (RF) model for radial lens distortion in wide-angle and catadioptric lenses, which allows the simultaneous linear estimation of motion and lens geometry from two uncalibrated views of a 3D scene. In contrast to existing models which admit such linear estimates, the new model is not specialized to any particular lens geometry, but is sufficiently general to model a variety of extreme distortions. The key step is to define the mapping between image (pixel) coordinates and 3D rays in camera coordinates as a linear combination of nonlinear functions of the image coordinates. Like a "kernel trick", this allows a linear algorithm to estimate nonlinear models, and in particular offers a simple solution to the estimation of nonlinear image distortion. The model also yields an explicit form for the epipolar curves, allowing correspondence search to be efficiently guided by the epipolar geometry. We show results of an implementation of the RF model in estimating the geometry of a real camera lens from uncalibrated footage, and compare the estimate to one obtained using a calibration grid.
Clinical Immunology Review Series: An approach to the patient with anaphylaxis (2008)

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening, generalized or systemic hypersensitivity reaction. While there is agreement as to this definition of anaphylaxis, the clinical presentation is often variable and it is not uncommon for there to be debate after the event as to whether anaphylaxis had actually occurred. The management of anaphylaxis falls into two distinct phases: (1) emergency treatment and resuscitation of a patient with acute anaphylaxis and (2) the search for a cause for the event and the formulation of a plan to prevent and treat possible further episodes of anaphylaxis. Both aspects are important in preventing death from anaphylaxis and are covered in this review.
A hybrid herpesvirus infectious vector based on Epstein-Barr virus and herpes simplex virus type 1 for gene transfer into human cells in vitro and in vivo (1996)

We have developed a miniviral vector, pH300, based on the human herpesviruses 1 and 4, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), carrying EBV sequences for plasmid episomal maintenance and HSV-1 sequences for amplification and packaging in multimeric form into HSV-1 capsids in the presence of a helper virus and helper cell line. A reporter gene, the bacterial lacZ gene, which expressed beta-galactosidase, was inserted into the multiple cloning site of pH300 to make pH300-lac. The packaged pH300-lac DNA was very efficient in infecting human cells in tissue culture. The pH300-lac miniviral stock was used to infect in vitro various human cell types derived from breast cancer, lung cancer, and liver cancer. Up to 95% of cells were infected and expressed beta-galactosidase activity after exposure to viral stock at a multiplicity of infection of 3. There was essentially no apparent cytotoxicity after infection of cultured cells in vitro. To test in vivo gene delivery, human liver tumor cells preimplanted subcutaneously in nude mice and injected in situ with pH300-lac showed high efficiency of ectopic gene expression. The pH300 miniviral vector is a simple and effective gene transfer system which shows potential for gene therapy of cancer and inherited diseases.
Caspase-3 in the Rat Ovary: Localization and Possible Role in Follicular Atresia and Luteal Regression1 (1998)

Apoptosis, the cellular mechanism of ovarian follicular atresia and luteal regression, is triggered by the activation of a proteolytic cascade of cysteine aspartate-specific proteases (caspases). The principle downstream effector of cell death is caspase-3, but little is known about the role or regulation of this enzyme in ovarian apoptosis. Two substrates of caspase-3, actin and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), are inhibitors of DNase I, which is the endonuclease responsible for ovarian apoptotic DNA degradation. We therefore investigated the proteolytic cleavage of actin and PARP as well as the localization of caspase-3 during follicular atresia (induced by gonadotropin withdrawal) and luteal regression (induced by prostaglandin F2alpha) in the rat ovary. Apoptotic DNA degradation was evident during both follicular atresia and luteal regression, but cleavage of PARP and actin was observed only during luteal regression. Caspase-3 was localized in luteal cells of healthy corpora lutea (CL) and in theca, but not in granulosa cells of healthy follicles. However, caspase-3 immunostaining was evident in granulosa cells of atretic follicles in a pattern similar to that of the localization of granulosa cell death. There was no difference between healthy and apoptotic CL in the distribution or intensity of caspase-3 staining. These results demonstrate that the cleavage of actin and PARP are not necessary for activation of apoptotic DNA degradation during ovarian apoptosis. In addition, the presence of caspase-3 in granulosa cells of atretic, but not healthy, follicles suggests that the expression of this enzyme is regulated by gonadotropin and may be up-regulated as part of the apoptotic process in granulosa cells.
Nitroxide-controlled free radical polymerization of a sugar-carrying acryloyl monomer (1999)

Controlled free radical polymerization of a sugar-carrying acrylate, 3-O-acryloyl-1,2 : 5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-glucofuranoside (AIpGlc), was achieved in p-xylene at 100°C by using a di-tert-butyl nitroxide (DBN)-based alkoxyamine as an initiator and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as an accelerator. The polymerization gave low-polydispersity (1.2 < Mw/Mn < 1.6) polymers with predicted molecular weights. The same approach with a DBN-capped polystyrene (PS-DBN) as an initiator afforded block copolymers of the type PS-b-PAIpGlc. The acidolysis of the homopolymers and block copolymers gave well-defined glucose-carrying polymers PAGlc and PS-b-PAGlc, respectively. These amphiphilic PS-b-PAGlc block copolymers were observed to exhibit microdomain surface morphologies that differ for different copolymer compositions. This success opens up a new, simple route to the synthesis of well-defined sugar-carrying polymers of various architectures.
DNA Vaccination Against VEGF Receptor 2 Reduces Atherosclerosis in LDL Receptor–Deficient Mice (2007)

These findings demonstrate for the first time that a DNA vaccine targeting activated endothelial cells in atherosclerotic lesions provides direct atheroprotective effects.
Potentiating interactions between morphogenetic protein and neurotrophic factors in developing neurons (1998)

mRNA for bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II (BMPR-II) was mapped to different neurons in peripheral ganglia and spinal cord of the chicken embryo. The expression of this serine/threonine kinase receptor partially overlaps with that of tyrosine kinase receptors Trk and Ret. Biological activities of osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1), a documented ligand for BMPR-II, were tested in explanted embryonic chicken ganglia and dissociated ganglionic neurons. OP-1 had only a limited stimulatory effect on neuronal survival. However, OP-1 combined with either neurotrophin-3 (NT-3, a relative of nerve growth factor) or glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) potentiated neuronal survival three- to fourfold. We also show that OP-1 strongly potentiates nerve fiber outgrowth from ganglia stimulated with NT-3 or GDNF. Signaling by BMPR-II in neurons may potentiate the tyrosine kinase pathway activated by NT-3 and GDNF. The data suggest that morphogenetic proteins may modulate neurotrophic activities during neuronal development and plasticity.
Aluminum Nitride-An Alternative Ceramic Substrate for High Power Applications in Microcircuits (1984)

The development of more complex integrated circuits (IC's) with larger chip sizes and greater power generation IC's, emitter-coupled logic (ECL) circuits, very large-scale integration (VLSI), and laser diodes requires new packaging schemes with improved thermal management. From the limited number of some ten nonmetallic inorganic solids known from the literature to have thermal conductivities greater than 100 W/m°K, aluminum nitride (AIN) is the most attractive substrate material. By means of a suitable power technological process, an AIN ceramic has been produced with a thermal conductivity five times higher than that of alumina, which is about one half of the theoretical value estimated for defect-free single crystal AIN. Another advantage of this newly developed material is its low coefficient of thermal expansion which, in the temperature range of interest (20-200°C) closely matches that of silicon. It also has a high electrical resistivity and a moderate dielectric loss. These and some other physical, mechanical, and chemical properties are shown and partly discussed in relation to other ceramics in use or of potential interest as substrate materials.
Effect of isoniazid prophylaxis on incidence of active tuberculosis and progression of HIV infection (1993)

Tuberculosis occurring with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a serious and growing public health problem. We have carried out a randomised clinical trial of a 12-month course of isoniazid plus vitamin B6 versus vitamin B6 alone in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, to assess the efficacy of isoniazid in preventing active tuberculosis in symptom-free HIV-infected individuals. The effect of prophylaxis on the development of HIV disease, AIDS, and death was also investigated. 118 subjects were assigned treatment with isoniazid plus B6 (n = 58) or B6 alone (n = 60) between 1986 and 1989. The treatment groups were similar at study entry in demographic, clinical, and immunological characteristics. Interim analysis in 1990 revealed no significant difference in tuberculosis outcome measures. Follow-up was continued until 1992, at which time significant protection by isoniazid against the development of tuberculosis was apparent, both for the whole study population and for subjects positive for purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD). The incidence of tuberculosis was lower in isoniazid recipients than in patients who received B6 alone (2.2 vs 7.5 per 100 person-years). The relative risk of tuberculosis was 3.4 (95% CI 1.1-10.6) for B6 alone versus isoniazid plus B6 (p < 0.05). Isoniazid also delayed progression to HIV disease and AIDS and death. Thus isoniazid effectively decreases the incidence of tuberculosis and delays the onset of HIV-related disease in symptom-free HIV-seropositive individuals. Isoniazid prophylaxis should be considered for HIV-seropositive, PPD-positive subjects, and may also be appropriate for PPD-negative patients in areas where tuberculosis is highly endemic.
An attempt to unify the structure of polymerases (1990)

With the great availability of sequences from RNA- and DNA-dependent RNA and DNA polymerases, it has become possible to delineate a few highly conserved regions for various polymerase types. In this work a DNA polymerase sequence from bacteriophage SPO2 was found to be homologous to the polymerase domain of the Klenow fragment of polymerase I from Escherichia coli, which is known to be closely related to those from Staphylococcus pneumoniae, Thermus aquaticus and bacteriophages T7 and T5. The alignment of the SPO2 polymerase with the other five sequences considerably narrowed the conserved motifs in these proteins. Three of the motifs matched reasonably all the conserved motifs of another DNA polymerase type, characterized by human polymerase alpha. It is also possible to find these three motifs in monomeric DNA-dependent RNA polymerases and two of them in DNA polymerase beta and DNA terminal transferases. These latter two motifs also matched two of the four motifs recently identified in 84 RNA-dependent polymerases. From the known tertiary architecture of the Klenow fragment of E. coli pol I, a spatial arrangement can be implied for these motifs. In addition, numerous biochemical experiments suggesting a role for the motifs in a common function (dNTP binding) also support these inferences. This speculative hypothesis, attempting to unify polymerase structure at least locally, if not globally, under the pol I fold, should provide a useful model to direct mutagenesis experiments to probe template and substrate specificity in polymerases.
Study of 99mTc-annexin V uptake in apoptotic cell models of Parkinson's disease (2007)

99mTc-HYNIC-annexin V retains its receptor-binding activity and has a high affinity to cellular models of Parkinson's disease. The uptake of radioactivity correlated well with cell apoptosis rates; thus, 99mTc-annexin V is a potential imaging agent with which to detect early neuron damage in Parkinson's disease.
Progression of colorectal cancer is associated with multiple tumor suppressor gene defects but inhibition of tumorigenicity is accomplished by correction of any single defect via chromosome transfer. (1992)

Carcinogenesis is a multistage process that has been characterized both by the activation of cellular oncogenes and by the loss of function of tumor suppressor genes. Colorectal cancer has been associated with the activation of ras oncogenes and with the deletion of multiple chromosomal regions including chromosomes 5q, 17p, and 18q. Such chromosome loss is often suggestive of the deletion or loss of function of tumor suppressor genes. The candidate tumor suppressor genes from these regions are, respectively, MCC and/or APC, p53, and DCC. In order to further our understanding of the molecular and genetic mechanisms involved in tumor progression and, thereby, of normal cell growth, it is important to determine whether defects in one or more of these loci contribute functionally in the progression to malignancy in colorectal cancer and whether correction of any of these defects restores normal growth control in vitro and in vivo. To address this question, we have utilized the technique of microcell-mediated chromosome transfer to introduce normal human chromosomes 5, 17, and 18 individually into recipient colorectal cancer cells. Additionally, chromosome 15 was introduced into SW480 cells as an irrelevant control chromosome. While the introduction of chromosome 17 into the tumorigenic colorectal cell line SW480 yielded no viable clones, cell lines were established after the introduction of chromosomes 15, 5, and 18. Hybrids containing chromosome 18 are morphologically similar to the parental line, whereas those containing chromosome 5 are morphologically distinct from the parental cell line, being small, polygonal, and tightly packed. SW480-chromosome 5 hybrids are strongly suppressed for tumorigenicity, while SW480-chromosome 18 hybrids produce slowly growing tumors in some of the animals injected. Hybrids containing the introduced chromosome 18 but was significantly reduced in several of the tumor reconstitute cell lines. Introduction of chromosome 5 had little to no effect on responsiveness, whereas transfer ot chromosome 18 restored responsiveness to some degree. Our findings indicate that while multiple defects in tumor suppressor genes seem to be required for progression to the malignant state in colorectal cancer, correction of only a single defect can have significant effects in vivo and/or in vitro.