gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two male‐sterile mutants of Zea Mays (Poaceae) with an extra cell division in the anther wall (2000)

Two recessive male-sterile mutants of maize with similar patterns of pollen abortion were studied. Genetic studies showed that one of the two mutations was allelic with a previously identified male-sterility locus (ms23) and the other mutation was in a newly identified male-sterility locus (ms32). Cytological characterization of homozygous mutants and fertile heterozygous control siblings was performed using brightfield, fluorescence, and electron microscopy. During normal anther development, the final anther wall periclinal division divides the secondary parietal anther wall layer into the middle layer and tapetum, forming an anther with four wall layers. This is followed by differentiation of the tapetal cells into protoplastic binucleate, secretory tissue. In both the ms23 and ms32 mutants, the prospective tapetal layer divided into two layers, termed t1 and t2, forming an anther with five wall layers. Neither the t1 nor the t2 layers differentiated normally into tapetal layers, as determined by examination of cell walls, nucleus number, and cytoplasmic organization. Pollen mother cells aborted after the onset of prophase I of meiosis, suggesting that an early developmental coordination may exist between tapetum and pollen mother cells.
Nonfatal adverse reactions to iodinated contrast media: spontaneous reporting to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 1978-1994. (1997)

Reports of serious, nonfatal ADEs are uncommon relative to the use of contrast media. The authors observed no decrease in the number of ADEs reported since the introduction of LOCM but did not consider marketing trends or secular reporting trends.
LY2875358, a Neutralizing and Internalizing Anti-MET Bivalent Antibody, Inhibits HGF-Dependent and HGF-Independent MET Activation and Tumor Growth (2014)

LY2875358 may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for patients whose tumors are driven by both HGF-dependent and HGF-independent MET activation. LY2875358 is currently being investigated in multiple clinical studies.
The PDZ Proteins PICK1, GRIP, and Syntenin Bind Multiple Glutamate Receptor Subtypes (2002)

Using sequence homology searches, yeast two-hybrid assays and glutathione S-transferase (GST)-pull-down approaches we have identified a series of glutamate receptor subunits that interact differentially with the PDZ proteins GRIP, PICK1, and syntenin. GST-pull-down experiments identified more interactions than detected by yeast two-hybrid assays. We report several receptor-protein interactions, strong ones include: (i) GRIP and syntenin with mGluR7a, mGluR4a, and mGluR6; (ii) PICK1 and GRIP with mGluR3; and (iii) syntenin with all forms of GluR1-4 and mGluR7b. We further characterized the novel mGluR7a-GRIP interaction found both in yeast two-hybrid and GST-pull-down assays and observed that mGluR7a localization overlapped with GRIP with in hippocampal neurons. The wide range of targets for PICK1, GRIP, and syntenin suggests they may represent a molecular mechanism that can concentrate and/or regulate a number of different receptors at a common site on a synapse. These data also suggest that the structural determinants involved in PDZ interactions are more complex than originally envisaged.
George Lyman Duff memorial lecture. Role of the liver in atherosclerosis. (1985)

a pioneer in relating the quality as well as the quantity of plasma lipoproteins to experimental atherosclerosis. His investigations and those of John Gofman foreshadowed much contemporary research on the interactions of lipoproteins with cells and other components of the arterial wall. This current research has, I believe, put to rest past criticisms of the meetings of our Council, at which it seemed to some that the artery is hardly involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Perhaps I can then be forgiven for taking as the subject of this lecture the role of the liver in lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis, and for daring to suggest that if the liver would only do correctly its job of secreting the "right" kinds of lipoproteins and of taking up, catabolizing, and excreting lipoprotein components, it would be unnecessary for us to be so concerned about the mechanisms by which lipoprotein-cholesterol accumulates in the arterial intima.
Receptor Proteins for Androgens (1969)

Mater&--Radioactive steroids were obtained from Kew England Nuclear.Nonradioactive steroids, purchased from Steraloid (Pawling, New York), were recrystallized from organic solvents, and their infrared spectra were taken to assure the 1 The terminology used is: 5ol-dihydrotestosterone, 17&hydroxy-L-androstan-3-one; androstenedione, A4-androstene-3,17-dione; cyproterone, 1,2a-methylene-6-chloro-A4se-pregnadien-l7a -01-3, 20-dione.
Ethanol Lock in the Management of Catheter Occlusion (1987)

Catheter occlusion by lipid material has been associated with the use of lipid containing "all-in-one" compounded solutions during prolonged parenteral nutrition. Previous experience indicated that urokinase is ineffective in clearing such occlusions. We report five patients who developed catheter occlusion with lipid mixes; catheter patency was restored in four by the use of an ethanol solution. No complications were observed, and treatment continued uneventfully in those four subjects.
Expression profiling of CD133+ and CD133— epithelial cells from human prostate (2008)

This study provides a unique genome-wide molecular signature of CD133+ and CD133- human prostate epithelial cells. This will provide a valuable resource for prostate stem cell biology research and the identification of novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of prostate cancer.
Distinct Effects of Two HIV-1 Capsid Assembly Inhibitor Families That Bind the Same Site within the N-Terminal Domain of the Viral CA Protein (2012)

The emergence of resistance to existing classes of antiretroviral drugs necessitates finding new HIV-1 targets for drug discovery. The viral capsid (CA) protein represents one such potential new target. CA is sufficient to form mature HIV-1 capsids in vitro, and extensive structure-function and mutational analyses of CA have shown that the proper assembly, morphology, and stability of the mature capsid core are essential for the infectivity of HIV-1 virions. Here we describe the development of an in vitro capsid assembly assay based on the association of CA-NC subunits on immobilized oligonucleotides. This assay was used to screen a compound library, yielding several different families of compounds that inhibited capsid assembly. Optimization of two chemical series, termed the benzodiazepines (BD) and the benzimidazoles (BM), resulted in compounds with potent antiviral activity against wild-type and drug-resistant HIV-1. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses showed that both series of inhibitors bound to the N-terminal domain of CA. These inhibitors induce the formation of a pocket that overlaps with the binding site for the previously reported CAP inhibitors but is expanded significantly by these new, more potent CA inhibitors. Virus release and electron microscopic (EM) studies showed that the BD compounds prevented virion release, whereas the BM compounds inhibited the formation of the mature capsid. Passage of virus in the presence of the inhibitors selected for resistance mutations that mapped to highly conserved residues surrounding the inhibitor binding pocket, but also to the C-terminal domain of CA. The resistance mutations selected by the two series differed, consistent with differences in their interactions within the pocket, and most also impaired virus replicative capacity. Resistance mutations had two modes of action, either directly impacting inhibitor binding affinity or apparently increasing the overall stability of the viral capsid without affecting inhibitor binding. These studies demonstrate that CA is a viable antiviral target and demonstrate that inhibitors that bind within the same site on CA can have distinct binding modes and mechanisms of action.
Induction of human IgE synthesis requires interleukin 4 and T/B cell interactions involving the T cell receptor/CD3 complex and MHC class II antigens. (1989)

The induction of IgE synthesis by IL-4 requires T cells and monocytes, as well as T cell- and monocyte-derived cytokines. Optimal cytokine combinations, however, fail to induce highly purified B cells to secrete IgE, indicating that additional signals are required. We show herein that the induction of human IgE synthesis by rIL-4 requires cognate interaction between the T cell receptor/CD3 complex on T cells and MHC class II antigens on B cells: mAbs directed against these molecules completely blocked IL-4-dependent IgE induction. mAbs against cell adhesion molecules (CD2, CD4, LFA-1) also inhibited IgE synthesis induced by IL-4, confirming that cell-cell contact is necessary for IgE induction. The requirement for cognate T/B cell interaction was further shown by comparing the IgE-inducing ability of two human IL-4-producing alloreactive T cell clones: F6, which recognizes MHC class II antigens on both B cells and monocytes, and A1, which recognizes an HLA-DP-associated epitope expressed on monocytes, but not on B cells. When incubated with B cells and monocytes from a normal donor bearing the appropriate alloantigen, clone F6, but not clone A1, induced vigorous IgE synthesis, although both clones proliferated and secreted IL-4. Taken together, our results suggest that at least two, possibly synergizing, signals are required for the T cell-dependent induction of IgE synthesis by B cells: one signal is delivered by cognate T/B cell interaction, the other by T cell-derived IL-4.
Differential regulation of the c-myc oncogene promoter by the NF-kappa B rel family of transcription factors. (1994)

The murine c-myc gene contains two elements responsive to the rel-oncogene-related family of NF-kappa B factors. Previously we have shown that factor binding to these two NF-kappa B elements mediates induction of transcription of the c-myc promoter upon interleukin-1 treatment of human dermal fibroblasts and human T-cell leukemia virus type I tax gene expression in T cells (D. J. Kessler, M. P. Duyao, D. B. Spicer, and G. E. Sonenshein, J. Exp. Med. 176:787-792, 1992; M. P. Duyao, D. J. Kessler, D. B. Spicer, C. Bartholomew, J. L. Cleveland, M. Siekevitz, and G. E. Sonenshein, J. Biol. Chem. 267:16288-16291, 1992). To begin to delineate the specific roles of the individual members of the NF-kappa B family, here we have tested their effects on activation of a c-myc promoter/exon 1-CAT construct in NIH 3T3 cells. Classical NF-kappa B (p65/p50) was a potent transcriptional activator of the c-myc promoter. Cotransfection with either p65 alone or p65 in combination with p50 mediated significant induction. In contrast, expression of either v-rel or chicken c-rel failed to transactivate, while murine c-rel induced c-myc promoter activity only slightly. Furthermore, induction by classical NF-kappa B was inhibited by coexpression of either v-rel or chicken c-rel. Thus, individual members of the rel family have differential effects of the c-myc promoter, which can modulate overall transcriptional activity and allow for precise regulation of this oncogene under diverse physiologic conditions.
Influenza Infection Exerts Prominent Inflammatory and Thrombotic Effects on the Atherosclerotic Plaques of Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice (2003)

This study shows that influenza infection promotes inflammation, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and fibrin deposition in atherosclerotic plaques.
Blue light-absorbing intraocular lens and retinal pigment epithelium protection in vitro (2004)

By absorbing blue light, the AcrySof Natural IOL shields RPE cells that have accumulated the aging lipofuscin fluorophore A2E from the damaging effects of light. A long-term population-based clinical trial would determine whether a blue light-absorbing IOL can reduce the risk for or progression of age-related macular degeneration.
The antibacterial action of sodium hypochlorite and EDTA in 60 cases of endodontic therapy (1985)

Summary. In this study the antibacterial effect of irrigating infected root canals with 0.5 and 5 per cent sodium hypochlorite solutions was evaluated clinically. The results indicated that there was no difference between the antibacterial effect of these two solutions. The combined use of EDTA and S per cent sodium hypochlorite solution was more efficient than the use of sodium hypochlorite solutions alone. An important observation was that bacteria surviving instrumentation and irrigation rapidly increased in number in the period between appointments when no intracanal medicament was used.
Self-adaptive algorithm for segmenting skin regions (2014)

In this paper, we introduce a new self-adaptive algorithm for segmenting human skin regions in color images. Skin detection and segmentation is an active research topic, and many solutions have been proposed so far, especially concerning skin tone modeling in various color spaces. Such models are used for pixel-based classification, but its accuracy is limited due to high variance and low specificity of human skin color. In many works, skin model adaptation and spatial analysis were reported to improve the final segmentation outcome; however, little attention has been paid so far to the possibilities of combining these two improvement directions. Our contribution lies in learning a local skin color model on the fly, which is subsequently applied to the image to determine the seeds for the spatial analysis. Furthermore, we also take advantage of textural features for computing local propagation costs that are used in the distance transform. The results of an extensive experimental study confirmed that the new method is highly competitive, especially for extracting the hand regions in color images.
Circulating Immune Complexes in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Selective Removal by Cryogelation With Membrane Filtration (1982)

• A patient was profoundly neutropenic at the time of diagnosis of stage IIIB Hodgkin's disease. The neutropenia was not due to infection or bone marrow involvement by tumor. It did not respond to discontinuation of medication or to splenectomy, done for pathologic staging of Hodgkin's disease. The patient's serum contained abnormally increased granulocyte-binding antibody, which reacted with his own cells. The neutropenia resolved with high-dose prednisone therapy, and has not recurred after chemotherapy. Thus, immune neutropenia—as well as autoimmune hemolytic anemia and immune thrombocytopenic purpura—can be associated with Hodgkin's disease. Recognition and treatment of such immune processes assume major importance in planning cytotoxic therapy for the underlying malignancy. (<i>Arch Intern Med</i>1982;142:386-388)
beta zero thalassemia in Sardinia is caused by a nonsense mutation. (1981)

A C T We report the characterization of a molecular lesion of (8 thalassemia in Sardinia. Beta thalassemia in this area is predominantly the (80 type with low levels of,8-globin mRNA. Translation assay of this messenger RNA in a cell-free system showed (- globin chain synthesis only with the addition of an amber (UAG) suppressor transfer RNA. Double- stranded complementary DNA prepared from recticu- locyte mRNA from a Sardinian patient was cloned in a bacterial plasmid and a,(3-globin complementary DNA containing clone was isolated and sequenced. At the position corresponding to amino acid number 39, a single nucleotide mutation converted a glutamine codon (CAG) to an amber termination codon (UAG). We previously reported an amber nonsense mutation at amino acid 17 as a cause of Chinese (80 thalassemia. Thus, i80 thalassemia in Sardinia represents the second example of a nonsense mutation, and we predict that other ,80 thalassemias with mutations at various points along the ,(-globin chain will be found to form a discrete subgroup of 10 thalassemia. These experiments further illustrate the heterogeneity of lesions that lead to defective globin chain synthesis in 8 thalassemia.
Methane Emission from Rice Fields (1993)

they do not cause specific symptoms on the aboveground parts of the plant, they can cause severe growth reduction, chlorosis, wilting of plants, and 20-70% yield reduction in infested fields. M. graminicola, the rice root-knot nematode, is widely distributed in rainfed upland and lowland ricefields in South and Southeast Asia, especially in lighttextured soils. It is considered to be an important pest in rainfed lowland areas in India and northeast Thailand.
Optical shortpass filters based on macroporous silicon (2001)

A promising class of optical filters is introduced, based on diffraction at small apertures. The filters consist of straight pores with diameters in the micrometer regime and a length of up to one millimeter through a silicon wafer. In contrast to Bragg, Woods, or glass filters, the light is not transmitted in matter but in the medium inside the pores. The filters therefore show a true shortpass characteristic. Due to constructive interference between the high number of pores in an array, macropore filters are of high optical quality and may replace conventional filters in imaging systems.
Characterization of CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses after genetic immunization with retrovirus vectors expressing different forms of the hepatitis B virus core and e antigens (1997)

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity appears to play an important role in resolving hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and the ability to induce such responses remains an important goal for developing effective immunotherapeutics. A panel of recombinant retrovirus vectors expressing different forms of the HBV core antigen (HBcAg) or e antigen (eAg) were found to induce antigen-specific major histocompatibility complex-restricted CTL responses in both mice and macaques. In addition, a novel retrovirus vector expressing an HBcAg-neomycin phosphotransferase II (HBc-Neo) fusion protein [LHBc-NEO(6A3)], which allows the measurement of the anti-Neo antibody response as a means of directly tracking biological activity of the vector, was generated. Doses greater than 10(7) CFU were necessary to induce CTL responses in H-2(k) mice. Intramuscular injections with 10(8) CFU of the LHBc-NEO(6A3) retrovirus vector into rhesus monkeys induced HBc/eAg-specific antibody production and CD8+ CTLs. The CTL response from one of the two responder rhesus monkeys was directed against a 9-residue peptide, GELMTLATW, at positions 63 to 71 of the HBc/eAg sequence. The CTL response is long lived, being detectable as late as 16 weeks after immunization, and can be boosted upon reimmunization. The potent ability of recombinant retrovirus vectors to induce HBcAg- and eAg-specific CTL responses may prove beneficial as a therapeutic treatment for chronic hepatitis B infection.
Effects of Subminimal Inhibitory Concentrations of Erythromycin, Tetracycline, Clindamycin, and Minocycline on the Neutrophil Chemotactic Factor Production in Propionibacterium acnes Biotypes 1–5 (1991)

Biotypes 1-5 Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) strains were grown in the presence of 1/10 minimal inhibitory concentrations (sub-MIC) of erythromycin (EM), tetracycline (TC), clindamycin (CLDM), or minocycline (MINO) and their culture filtrates were assayed for human neutrophil chemotactic activity using Boyden chamber methods. The addition of sub-MIC of MINO to the medium strongly suppressed the neutrophil chemotactic activity of the culture filtrates of P. acnes strains of all biotypes. In contrast, with sub-MIC of EM, TC, or CLDM, the activity of the culture filtrates of P. acnes strains of biotypes 2 and 3 were suppressed but those of biotypes 1, 2, and 5 were not. These results indicate that sub-MIC of MINO is capable of decreasing the inflammatory capacity of P. acnes strains of all biotypes.
Real Options: A Practitioner's Guide (2001)

Part I 1. Getting started 2. The change process 3. Net present value 4. Comparing net present value, decision trees and real options Part II 5. Numerical methods for simple options 6. Compound and switching options 7. Going from one step per time period to many 8. A four-step process for valuing real options 9. Estimating volatility: Consolidated approach 10. Keeping uncertainties separate 11. Case examples 12. Final thoughts and unfinished business
Substrate Specificity and Oligomerization of Human GMP Synthetase (2013)

Guanine monophosphate (GMP) synthetase is a bifunctional two-domain enzyme. The N-terminal glutaminase domain generates ammonia from glutamine and the C-terminal synthetase domain aminates xanthine monophosphate (XMP) to form GMP. Mammalian GMP synthetases (GMPSs) contain a 130-residue-long insert in the synthetase domain in comparison to bacterial proteins. We report here the structure of a eukaryotic GMPS. Substrate XMP was bound in the crystal structure of the human GMPS enzyme. XMP is bound to the synthetase domain and covered by a LID motif. The enzyme forms a dimer in the crystal structure with subunit orientations entirely different from the bacterial counterparts. The inserted sub-domain is shown to be involved in substrate binding and dimerization. Furthermore, the structural basis for XMP recognition is revealed as well as a potential allosteric site. Enzymes in the nucleotide metabolism typically display an increased activity in proliferating cells due to the increased need for nucleotides. Many drugs used as immunosuppressants and for treatment of cancer and viral diseases are indeed nucleobase- and nucleoside-based compounds, which are acting on or are activated by enzymes in this pathway. The information obtained from the crystal structure of human GMPS might therefore aid in understanding interactions of nucleoside-based drugs with GMPS and in structure-based design of GMPS-specific inhibitors.
A novel gene from the human endogenous retrovirus K expressed in transformed cells. (2002)

The highly specific expression of np9 in tumor tissue suggests that the protein may possess a function in tumorigenesis.
Modulation of p‐glycoprotein function by caveolin‐1 phosphorylation (2007)

Abstract p‐glycoprotein (p‐gp) is an ATP‐binding cassette transporter and its overexpression is responsible for the acquisition of the multidrug resistance phenotype in human tumors. p‐gp is localized at the blood–brain barrier and is involved in brain cytoprotection. Our previous work used immunoprecipitation to show that caveolin‐1 can interact with p‐gp. In this study, we provide evidence that caveolin‐1 regulates p‐gp transport activity in a rat brain endothelial cell line (RBE4). Down‐regulation of caveolin‐1 by siRNA reduced the interaction between p‐gp and caveolin‐1, followed by a decrease in [ 3 H]‐Taxol and [ 3 H]‐Vinblastine accumulation in RBE4 cells. The latter result showed that down‐regulation of caveolin‐1 enhanced p‐gp transport activity. RBE4 cells were also transfected with Sarcoma in order to modulate caveolin‐1 phosphorylation. Overexpression of Sarcoma, a protein tyrosine kinase, stimulated caveolin‐1 phosphorylation and increased both [ 3 H]‐Taxol and [ 3 H]‐Vinblastine accumulation as well as Hoechst 33342 accumulation. Transfection of caveolin‐1 inhibits p‐gp transport activity. Conversely, transfection of the mutant cavY14F decreased the p‐gp/caveolin‐1 interaction and reduced accumulation of the two p‐gp substrates. Thus, our data show that caveolin‐1 regulates p‐gp function through the phosphorylation state of caveolin‐1 in endothelial cells from the blood–brain barrier.
Some Problems in the Preparation of Superconducting Oxide Films on Ceramic Substrates (1987)

Factors significantry influencing the properties of films prepared from high T c superconducting perovskite type oxides on ceramic substrates have been investigated. For the realization of superconductivity of films, it was verified that not only the composition and crystal structure of the films but also the interaction with substrate materials must be carefully controlled.