gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning Trajectory Preferences for Manipulators via Iterative\n Improvement (2013)

We consider the problem of learning good trajectories for manipulation tasks.\nThis is challenging because the criterion defining a good trajectory varies\nwith users, tasks and environments. In this paper, we propose a co-active\nonline learning framework for teaching robots the preferences of its users for\nobject manipulation tasks. The key novelty of our approach lies in the type of\nfeedback expected from the user: the human user does not need to demonstrate\noptimal trajectories as training data, but merely needs to iteratively provide\ntrajectories that slightly improve over the trajectory currently proposed by\nthe system. We argue that this co-active preference feedback can be more easily\nelicited from the user than demonstrations of optimal trajectories, which are\noften challenging and non-intuitive to provide on high degrees of freedom\nmanipulators. Nevertheless, theoretical regret bounds of our algorithm match\nthe asymptotic rates of optimal trajectory algorithms. We demonstrate the\ngeneralizability of our algorithm on a variety of grocery checkout tasks, for\nwhom, the preferences were not only influenced by the object being manipulated\nbut also by the surrounding environment.\\footnote{For more details and a\ndemonstration video, visit: \\url{http://pr.cs.cornell.edu/coactive}}\n
Synthesis and Reactions of Optically Active Secondary Dialkylphosphine-Boranes (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTSynthesis and Reactions of Optically Active Secondary Dialkylphosphine-BoranesTomoya Miura, Hironari Yamada, Shin-ichi Kikuchi, and Tsuneo ImamotoView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 6, 1877–1880Publication Date (Web):March 2, 2000Publication History Received15 September 1999Published online2 March 2000Published inissue 1 March 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo991460hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo991460hbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1210Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Ligands,Lithium,Molecular structure,Phosphorus Get e-Alerts
Proteomic Approaches to Tumor Marker Discovery (2002)

The combined use of bioinformatics tools and proteomic profiling provides an effective approach to screen for potential tumor markers. Comparison of plasma profiles from patients with and without known ovarian cancer uncovered a panel of potential biomarkers for detection of ovarian cancer with discriminatory power complementary to that of CA125. Additional studies are required to further validate these biomarkers.
Biological, Physiological, Pathophysiological, and Pharmacological Aspects of Ghrelin (2004)

Ghrelin is a peptide predominantly produced by the stomach. Ghrelin displays strong GH-releasing activity. This activity is mediated by the activation of the so-called GH secretagogue receptor type 1a. This receptor had been shown to be specific for a family of synthetic, peptidyl and nonpeptidyl GH secretagogues. Apart from a potent GH-releasing action, ghrelin has other activities including stimulation of lactotroph and corticotroph function, influence on the pituitary gonadal axis, stimulation of appetite, control of energy balance, influence on sleep and behavior, control of gastric motility and acid secretion, and influence on pancreatic exocrine and endocrine function as well as on glucose metabolism. Cardiovascular actions and modulation of proliferation of neoplastic cells, as well as of the immune system, are other actions of ghrelin. Therefore, we consider ghrelin a gastrointestinal peptide contributing to the regulation of diverse functions of the gut-brain axis. So, there is indeed a possibility that ghrelin analogs, acting as either agonists or antagonists, might have clinical impact.
Evidence for local and systemic activation of immune cells by peritumoral injections of interleukin 2 in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. (1993)

Interleukin 2 (IL2) was injected peritumorally and intranodally in 36 patients with unresectable squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck enrolled in an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-sponsored phase Ib trial (EST P-Z388). Groups of 6 patients received escalating doses(200, 2 x 10(3), 2 x 10(4), 2 x 10(5), 2 x 10(6), and 4 x 10(6) units) of IL2 daily 5 times/week for 2 weeks. Tumor biopsies were obtained before and after IL2 therapy. Tumor tissue was provided for histology, and the remaining fresh tissue was divided for snap-freezing in -75 degrees C and for separation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and tumor cells. Immunophenotyping of TIL performed on cryostat sections of paired pre- and post-IL2 biopsy tissues showed increases after IL2 therapy in the number of T-cells (P = 0.005), natural killer (NK; CD16+) cells (P = 0.0001), CD25+ cells (P = 0.004), and HLA-DR+ cells (P = 0.001) accumulating in the tumor stroma. In the tumor parenchyma, NK cells (P = 0.0001) and HLA-DR+ cells (P = 0.003) were increased after IL2 therapy. The T:NK cell ratios in the tumor stroma and parenchyma were decreased after therapy, suggesting selective accumulation of NK cells. By flow cytometry, TIL recovered from post-IL2 biopsy tissues were enriched (P < 0.05) in CD3-CD56+ (NK) cells. In situ hybridization with [35S] cDNA probes for cytokines and IL2 receptors indicated that the numbers of cells expressing mRNA for IL2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL1-beta, gamma-interferon, transforming growth factor beta, and IL2 receptor p55 or p70 were increased in post-IL2 biopsy tissues as compared to pre-IL2 tissues. Cytolytic activity of TIL isolated from post-IL2 tissues was also increased, as determined in 4-h 51Cr release assays against K562 targets (12 +/- 3 mean lytic units/10(7) cells +/- SEM pre-IL2 versus 46 +/- 13 post-IL2; n = 16) and against autologous tumor (13 +/- 8 versus 68 +/- 26; n = 9). Fresh TIL of one clinical responder showed relatively high levels (195 lytic units) of autotumor cytotoxicity after IL2 therapy versus no activity prior to therapy. In the blood, NK and lymphokine-activated killer cell activity, and percentages of CD3-CD56+ NK cells and of activated (CD25+) T-lymphocytes were increased for all doses of IL2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A tryptophan amphiphilic tetramerization domain-containing acetylcholinesterase from the bovine lungworm,Dictyocaulus viviparus (2006)

Acetylcholine (ACh) is one of an array of neurotransmitters used by invertebrates and, analogous to vertebrate nervous systems, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) regulates synaptic levels of this transmitter. Similar to other invertebrates, nematodes possess several AChE genes. This is in contrast to vertebrates, which have a single AChE gene, transcripts of which are alternatively spliced to produce different types of the enzyme which vary at their C-termini. Parasitic nematodes have a repertoire of AChE genes which include those encoding neuromuscular AChEs and those genes which code for secreted AChEs. The latter proteins exist as soluble monomers released by the parasite during infection and these AChE are distinct from those enzymes which the nematodes use for synaptic transmission in their neuromuscular system. Thus far, Dictyocaulus viviparus is the only animal-parasitic nematode for which distinct genes that encode both neuromuscular and secreted AChEs have been defined. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of a cDNA encoding a putative neuromuscular AChE from D. viviparus which contains a tryptophan amphiphilic tetramerization (WAT) domain at its C-terminus analogous to the common 'tailed' AChE form found in the neuromuscular systems of vertebrates and in the ACE-1 AChE from Caenorhabditis elegans. This enzyme differs from the previously isolated, D. viviparus neuromuscular AChE (Dv-ACE-2), which is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored variant analogous to vertebrate 'hydrophobic' AChE.
Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein levels in children with sickle cell disease (2011)

To determine if glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is associated with brain injury in children with sickle cell disease (SCD), we measured plasma GFAP among cross-sectional groups of unselected children with SCD, subsets of children with SCD and normal brain MRI or MRI evidence of cerebral infarct, healthy pediatric controls, and adults with brain injury. Children with SCD had higher plasma GFAP than healthy pediatric controls (mean concentrations 0.14 ± 0.37 vs. 0.07 ± 0.08 ng/mL; P 5 0.003); also, 16.0% (16/100) of children with SCD and cerebral infarct had GFAP elevations above the 95th percentile of healthy pediatric controls (P 5 0.04). Although not statistically significant, children with SCD and cerebral infarct had more elevated GFAP levels than with SCD and no infarct (16/100, 16.0% vs. 14/168, 8.3%; P 5 0.07). Children with SCD and acute brain ischemia had a higher proportion of elevated GFAP than SCD children with normal MRI (3/6, 50% vs.8.3%; P 5 0.01). GFAP was associated with elevated systolic blood pressure in the preceding year and correlated positively with white blood cell count and negatively with age and performance IQ. Plasma GFAP is elevated among children with SCD and may be associated with subclinical brain injury.
Abstract B070: IPI-549-01: A Phase I/Ib first in human study of IPI-549, a PI3K-γ inhibitor, as monotherapy and in combination with an anti-PD-1 antibody in subjects with advanced solid tumors (2016)

Abstract Background: IPI-549 is a first-in-class, oral, potent, and selective PI3K-γ inhibitor being developed as an immuno-oncology therapeutic in multiple cancer indications. Preclinical studies demonstrate a role for PI3K-γ in polarization of immune suppressive myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment. Inhibition of PI3K-γ by IPI-549 enhanced antitumor immune responses and inhibited tumor growth in syngeneic solid tumor preclinical models. In addition, IPI-549 in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors showed increased tumor growth inhibition compared to each single agent in multiple pre-clinical models. These data served as the scientific foundation for initiating a clinical trial testing IPI-549 as a potential immuno-oncology therapy. This first-in-human clinical study will evaluate the safety and tolerability, and determine the recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D) of IPI-549 when administered as a monotherapy and in combination with an anti-PD-! antibody (NCT02637531) in solid tumors. Methods: This multi-part Phase 1/1b open-label trial will initiate with monotherapy dose escalation cohorts consisting of an accelerated dose escalation phase followed by a standard phase with a 3+3 design. Evaluation of the PK, PD, and safety data in these cohorts will lead to the determination of the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and RP2D of IPI-549 monotherapy. Subsequently, combination dose escalation cohorts will be initiated in which the combination of IPI-549 and anti-PD-! antibody will be evaluated. Expansion cohorts evaluating the safety, PK, PD, and preliminary clinical activity of IPI-549 as a monotherapy and in combination with an anti-PD-1 antibody will occur following the dose escalation phase. All subjects in the trial will have advanced and/or metastatic carcinoma or melanoma, and will have failed to respond to standard therapies. Combination expansion cohorts will recruit subjects with non-small cell lung cancer or melanoma who must have received an anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibody as their most recent treatment. This trial is currently enrolling patients in the US. To date, 6 patients have been enrolled and dose escalation is continuing (updated data to be presented). Citation Format: Anthony Tolcher, David Hong, Ryan Sullivan, James Mier, Geoffrey Shapiro, Joseph Pearlberg, Les Brail, Jahnavi Kharidia, Lixin Han, Claudio Dansky Ullmann, Howard M. Stern, Jedd D. Wolchok. IPI-549-01: A Phase I/Ib first in human study of IPI-549, a PI3K-γ inhibitor, as monotherapy and in combination with an anti-PD-1 antibody in subjects with advanced solid tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; 2016 Sept 25-28; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B070.
Sigmoidal curve-fitting redefines quantitative real-time PCR with the prospective of developing automated high-throughput applications (2004)

Quantitative real-time PCR has revolutionized many aspects of genetic research, biomedical diagnostics and pathogen detection. Nevertheless, the full potential of this technology has yet to be realized, primarily due to the limitations of the threshold-based methodologies that are currently used for quantitative analysis. Prone to errors caused by variations in reaction preparation and amplification conditions, these approaches necessitate construction of standard curves for each target sequence, significantly limiting the development of high-throughput applications that demand substantive levels of reliability and automation. In this study, an alternative approach based upon fitting of fluorescence data to a four-parametric sigmoid function is shown to dramatically increase both the utility and reliability of quantitative real-time PCR. By mathematically modeling individual amplification reactions, quantification can be achieved without the use of standard curves and without prior knowledge of amplification efficiency. Combined with provision of quantitative scale via optical calibration, sigmoidal curve-fitting could confer the capability for fully automated quantification of nucleic acids with unparalleled accuracy and reliability.
Convenient synthesis of 1,4-thiazane-3-carboxylic acid derivatives. (1981)

A convenient method to synthesize 1, 4-thiazane-3-carboxylic acid derivatives was established. Condensation of L-cysteine methyl ester (2a) with monochloroacetone (3a) followed by reduction with sodium borohydride yielded methyl (3R, 5S)-5-methyl-1, 4-thiazane-3-carboxylate (6a) and its (5R)-methyl isomer (7a) in a ratio of 3.1 : 1. The use of cysteine isopropyl ester (2c) instead of methyl ester (2a) gave the corresponding (5S)-methyl isomer (6e) more stereoselectively. The reaction of chloromethyl ethyl ketone (3b) or α-bromoacetophenone (3c) with 2a gave the corresponding 5-substituted-1, 4-thiazane-3-carboxylates. Hydrolysis and oxidation of 6a yielded cycloalliin (1a).
DSM: an object-relationship modeling language (1989)

The Data Structure Manager (DSM) combines object-oriented programming with semantic data modeling concepts in the context of the C language. DSM is a full-featured object-oriented language which includes single and multiple inheritance, class descriptor objects, metaclasses, choice of method binding time, error handling, persistent objects, modularity, and an interactive interpreter in an efficient manner. In addition, DSM supports the association and aggregation relationships as part of the Object Modeling Technique (OMT) used for conceptual design. DSM has been used since 1986 to build a variety of research and production-quality software such as an advanced CAF/CAD system.
Leukemia inhibitory factor enhances regeneration in skeletal muscles after myoblast transplantation (2001)

Cell-based therapies, such as myoblast transfer therapy, are likely to become an integral part of any approach to treat myopathies such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Previous studies have shown that an increased level of regeneration in the host muscle enhances incorporation of donor myoblasts. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) increases the number of dystrophic fibers expressing dystrophin after myoblast transplantation and enhances regeneration in injured and diseased muscle. Morphometric analysis was used to investigate whether an increased level of regeneration is induced by LIF after myoblast transplantation. We found that, in muscles treated with LIF, the number of fibers undergoing regeneration was increased. The increased incorporation of donor myoblasts and thus dystrophin expression induced by LIF may be due, at least in part, to an increased level of regeneration of dystrophic muscle.
Perceptual watermarks for digital images and video (1999)

The growth of new imaging technologies has created a need for techniques that can be used for copyright protection of digital images and video. One approach for copyright protection is to introduce an invisible signal, known as a digital watermark, into an image or video sequence. In this paper, we describe digital watermarking techniques, known as perceptually based watermarks, that are designed to exploit aspects of the the human visual system in order to provide a transparent (invisible), yet robust watermark. In the most general sense, any watermarking technique that attempts to incorporate an invisible mark into an image is perceptually based. However, in order to provide transparency and robustness to attack, two conflicting requirements from a signal processing perspective, more sophisticated use of perceptual information in the watermarking process is required. We describe watermarking techniques ranging from simple schemes which incorporate common-sense rules in using perceptual information in the watermarking process, to more elaborate schemes which adapt to local image characteristics based on more formal perceptual models. This review is not meant to be exhaustive; its aim is to provide the reader with an understanding of how the techniques have been evolving as the requirements and applications become better defined.
Selective inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by the (-) but not the (+) enantiomer of gossypol (1989)

The (-) enantiomer of gossypol but not the (+) enantiomer had good antiviral activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 at a concentration more than 20-fold lower than that required for cytotoxicity; however, in H9 cells the (-) enantiomer, although more potent as an antiviral agent, was more cytotoxic.
香港短篇小說中的「北方記憶」與「革命想像」 = Remembering the north and imagining the revolution : Hong Kong short stories (2008)

本文試圖重新閱讀一九七〇到九〇年代四篇香港短篇小說，以討論香港小中「北方記憶」和「革命想像」之異同。所謂「北方記憶」泛指一些南來作家對「前半生」社會及生活狀況的記憶、記錄或遺忘情況。「大陸前半生」通常要靠「香港後半生」才能梳理，但也同時會影響制約「香港後半生」的生態心態。所謂「革命想像」則泛指早年來港或在本港土生土長作家們對北方中國革命 （尤其是「文化大革命」） 的非感性經驗，這些有關中國革命的想像方式不僅為香港故事提供邏輯前因，而且更重要的是香港故事同時又為這些中國革命困局找出頗有創意的解決方案。
Correlating a Protein Structure with Function of a Bacterial Mechanosensitive Channel (2000)

MscL, a mechanosensitive channel found in many bacteria, protects cells from hypotonic shock by reducing intracellular pressure through release of cytoplasmic osmolytes. First isolated from Escherichia coli, this protein has served as a model for how a protein senses and responds to membrane tension. Recently the structure of a functionally uncharacterized MscL homologue from Mycobacterium tuberculosis was solved by x-ray diffraction to a resolution of 3.5 A. Here we demonstrate that the protein forms a functional MscL-like mechanosensitive channel in E. coli membranes and azolectin proteoliposomes. Furthermore, we show that M. tuberculosis MscL crystals, when re-solubilized and reconstituted, yield wild-type channel currents in patch clamp, demonstrating that the protein does not irreversibly change conformation upon crystallization. Finally, we apply functional clues acquired from the E. coli MscL to the M. tuberculosis channel and show a mechanistic correlation between these channels. However, the inability of the M. tuberculosis channel to gate at physiological membrane tensions, demonstrated by in vivo E. coli expression and in vitro reconstitution, suggests that the membrane environment or other additional factors influence the gating of this channel.
Human c-myb protooncogene: nucleotide sequence of cDNA and organization of the genomic locus. (1986)

We have isolated cDNA clones of the human c-myb mRNA that contain approximately 3.4 kilobases of the approximately 3.8-kilobase mRNA sequence. Nucleotide sequence analysis shows that the c-myb mRNA contains an open reading frame of 1920 nucleotides, which could encode a 72-kDa protein. The cDNA nucleotide sequence and the predicted amino acid sequence of the c-myb protein are highly homologous to the corresponding chicken and mouse proteins. In particular, a region toward the NH2 terminus of the protein containing a 3-fold tandem repeat of 51 residues is evolutionarily conserved and is the only region of homology with the Drosophila c-myb protein. This region may represent a functionally important structure, most likely the DNA-binding domain. cDNA clones have been used to isolate genomic clones and to define a preliminary intron/exon organization of the c-myb gene. Identification of 5' and 3' coding and noncoding exons indicates that the human c-myb locus spans a 40-kilobase region.
Characterization of a Monoclonal Antibody to a Conserved Epitope on Human Seminal Vesicle-Specific Peptides: A Novel Probe/Marker System for Semen Identification1 (1986)

A novel sperm-coating antigen from the human seminal vesicles was discovered. We identified a monoclonal antibody MHS-5, recognizing an epitope with characteristics of a forensic semen marker: conservation in all vasectomized or normal semen samples tested (421); absence in all human tissues or biological fluids other than semen; and immunolocalization on the surface of ejaculated sperm. Western blots of ejaculates allowed to liquefy for 5 min demonstrated the MHS-5 epitope to be located on peptides of a wide range of molecular masses from 69 to 8 kDa. After 15 h of semen liquefaction, immunoreaction peptides of higher molecular mass were undetectable in semen, while peptides of lower molecular mass from 8 to 21 kDa retained antigenicity. Three peptides of 10, 11.9, and 13.7 kDa were the most immunoreactive species in semen liquified for 15 h. Using the MHS-5 monoclonal, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed sensitive to 1 ng of seminal protein. This assay showed that the MHS-5 antigen was undetectable in semen of common domestic animals and monkeys but was present in chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutan semen. ELISA of homogenates from human organs and reproductive tissues demonstrated the antigen only in samples of seminal vesicles. Epididymal sperm obtained at vasovasostomy lacked the MHS-5 epitope, a fact that, together with immunolocalization on ejaculated sperm, demonstrated that the MHS-5 antigen functions as a "sperm-coating antigen." The MHS-5 monoclonal detected semen in sexual-assault evidence obtained six months previously and in mixtures of semen with vaginal or cervical fluid. Assay systems employing the MHS-5 monoclonal may be useful for identification of semen in sexual-assault casework. The MHS-5 epitope resides on novel seminal vesicle-specific peptides whose functions, aside from sperm coating, are uncharacterized.