gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody that binds Reed-Sternberg cells. (1985)

A murine monoclonal antibody, termed HeFi-1, was produced after immunization with the L428 Hodgkin's disease tissue culture cell line. HeFi-1 selectively stained only the Reed-Sternberg or Hodgkin's cells in 18 of 18 cases of Hodgkin's disease, including the nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, and lymphocyte-depleted histologic subtypes. HeFi-1 did not stain any cells in normal lung, brain, salivary gland, thyroid, gall bladder, pancreas, liver, testis, breast, endometrium, or kidney. Rare large cells at the edge of the lymphoid follicles were stained in normal tonsil, colon, and hyperplastic thymus. There was no staining of any cells in 14 cases of B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; however, the malignant cells in three of 11 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma which appeared to express T cell markers were also stained with HeFi-1. Tissue culture cell lines including the T cell acute lymphocytic leukemia lines MOLT4 and CEM, the histiocytic cell line U-937, and the amniotic cell line WISH were not stained. Seven Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-positive lymphoblastoid cell lines were stained with HeFi-1, but there was no staining of three EBV+ African Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines or three EBV- American Burkitt's cell lines. HeFi-1 did not block the ability of the L428 cells to stimulate a mixed lymphocyte reaction or function as accessory cells for mitogen-induced human T cell proliferative responses. Modulation of the HeFi-1 cell surface antigen on the L428 cells was not observed. HeFi-1 specifically immunoprecipitated a cell surface protein of approximately 120,000 daltons from both the L428 and EBV+ lymphoblastoid cell lines. HeFi-1 monoclonal antibody should prove useful not only in the diagnosis, staging, and potential therapy of Hodgkin's disease, but also for determining the cell of origin of the Reed-Sternberg cell.
Mutation of the bovine papillomavirus E5 oncoprotein at amino acid 17 generates both high- and low-transforming variants (1994)

The E5 transforming protein of bovine papillomavirus type 1 is a 44-amino-acid, hydrophobic protein which localizes predominantly to Golgi membranes. The E5 transmembrane domain contains a highly conserved glutamine residue at position 17 which, from previous limited mutagenic analysis, appeared essential for transforming activity. In order to determine the specific amino acid requirements at this position, we constructed a series of substitution mutants, representing all classes of amino acids, employing a vector which expressed E5 independently of other bovine papillomavirus gene products. All of the expressed E5 mutant proteins were stable, dimerized normally, and localized to the Golgi. Our results obtained with C127 mouse cells demonstrated that acidic amino acids (and serine) increased E5 transforming activity, whereas basic amino acids greatly inhibited E5 activity. Nonpolar amino acid substitutions were also defective. Interestingly, the relative transforming activities of these E5 mutant proteins changed dramatically when assayed with NIH 3T3 cells, suggesting that an auxiliary cellular protein(s) may modulate E5 transformation or that there are additional or different mechanisms of E5 transformation which are utilized in these two cell lines.
Anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of a novel synthetic peptide, T22 ([Tyr-5,12, Lys-7]polyphemusin II): a possible inhibitor of virus-cell fusion (1992)

More than 40 peptides associated with tachyplesin and polyphemusin, which are highly abundant in hemocyte debris of the horseshoe crabs Tachypleus tridentatus and Limulus polyphemus, were synthesized. Among these peptides, we found that a novel compound, which was called T22 ([Tyr-5,12, Lys-7]polyphemusin II), strongly inhibited the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-induced cytopathic effect and viral antigen expression. Its 50% effective concentration was 0.008 micrograms/ml, while its 50% cytotoxic concentration was 54 micrograms/ml. The anti-HIV activity of T22 was observed with several strains of HIV-1, including zidovudine-resistant strains, and with HIV-2 within the concentration range of 0.006 to 0.071 microgram/ml. T22 efficiently inhibited giant cell formation on the cocultivation of MOLT-4/HIV and MOLT-4 cells but modestly inhibited direct HIV binding. T22 did not inhibit reverse transcriptase activity. A time-of-addition study, which involved monitoring of the appearance of proviral DNA by using the polymerase chain reaction technique, found that T22 exerted its effect on a process, most probably virus-cell fusion or uncoating, immediately after virus adsorption.
Antibody microarray profiling of human prostate cancer sera: Antibody screening and identification of potential biomarkers (2003)

We developed a practical strategy for serum protein profiling using antibody microarrays and applied the method to the identification of potential biomarkers in prostate cancer serum. Protein abundances from 33 prostate cancer and 20 control serum samples were compared to abundances from a common reference pool using a two-color fluorescence assay. Robotically spotted microarrays containing 184 unique antibodies were prepared on two different substrates: polyacrylamide based hydrogels on glass and poly-1-lysine coated glass with a photoreactive cross-linking layer. The hydrogel substrate yielded an average six-fold higher signal-to-noise ratio than the other substrate, and detection of protein binding was possible from a greater number of antibodies using the hydrogels. A statistical filter based on the correlation of data from "reverse-labeled" experiment sets accurately predicted the agreement between the microarray measurements and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measurements, showing that this parameter can serve to screen for antibodies that are functional on microarrays. Having defined a set of reliable microarray measurements, we identified five proteins (von Willebrand Factor, immunoglobulinM, Alpha1-antichymotrypsin, Villin and immunoglobulinG) that had significantly different levels between the prostate cancer samples and the controls. These developments enable the immediate use of high-density antibody and protein microarrays in biomarker discovery studies.
Development of Industrial Solvent Extraction Processes (2004)

Processes GORDON M.RITCEY Gordon M.Ritcey & Associates, Inc., Nepean, Ontario,Canada7.1INTRODUCTIONThe development of a solvent extraction process from a given aqueous feed solution may be confined by several restraints. For example, the temperature, flow rate, acidity, and so forth may be (essentially) fixed, and the solvent extraction process developed must then be capable of accommodating these restrictions.
DNA elements responsive to auxin (1996)

Genes induced by the plant hormone auxin are probably involved in the execution of vital cellular functions and developmental processes. Experimental approaches designed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of auxin action have focused on auxin perception, genetic dissection of the signaling apparatus and specific gene activation. Auxin-responsive promoter elements of early genes provide molecular tools for probing auxin signaling in reverse. Functional analysis of several auxin-specific promoters of unrelated early genes suggests combinatorial utilization of both conserved and variable elements. These elements are arranged into autonomous domains and the combination of such modules generates uniquely composed promoters. Modular promoters allow for auxin-mediated transcriptional responses to be revealed in a tissue- and development-specific manner.
Analysis of ALK-1 and endoglin in newborns from families with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 2 (2000)

ALK-1 (activin receptor-like kinase-1), a type I receptor of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta superfamily, is the gene mutated in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 2 (HHT2) while endoglin is mutated in HHT1. Using a novel polyclonal antibody to ALK-1, we measured ALK-1 expression on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) of newborns from HHT families whose affected members had normal endoglin levels. ALK-1 levels were specifically reduced in three HUVEC with ALK-1 missense mutant codons, and normal in two newborns not carrying the missense mutations present in the clinically affected relatives. Levels were also normal in a HUVEC with deletion of S232 in the ATP binding site of ALK-1. Thus HHT2 appears to be associated with a loss of function of the mutant allele due to a reduction in either protein level or activity. We also report three new ALK-1 missense mutations leading to G48E/A49P, C344Y and E407D substitutions. In COS-1 transfected cells, ALK-1 was found in the TGF-beta1 and -beta3 receptor complexes in association with endoglin and TbetaRII, but not in activin receptor complexes containing endoglin. In HUVEC, ALK-1 was not detectable in the TGF-beta1 or -beta3 receptor complexes. However, in the absence of ligand, ALK-1 and endoglin interactions were observed by immunoprecipitation/western blot in HUVEC from normal as well as HHT1 and HHT2 patients. Our data suggest a transient association between these two proteins of the TGF-beta superfamily, both required at a critical level to ensure vessel wall integrity.
Updating signal typing in voice: Addition of type 4 signals (2010)

The addition of a fourth type of voice to Titze's voice classification scheme is proposed. This fourth voice type is characterized by primarily stochastic noise behavior and is therefore unsuitable for both perturbation and correlation dimension analysis. Forty voice samples were classified into the proposed four types using narrowband spectrograms. Acoustic, perceptual, and correlation dimension analyses were completed for all voice samples. Perturbation measures tended to increase with voice type. Based on reliability cutoffs, the type 1 and type 2 voices were considered suitable for perturbation analysis. Measures of unreliability were higher for type 3 and 4 voices. Correlation dimension analyses increased significantly with signal type as indicated by a one-way analysis of variance. Notably, correlation dimension analysis could not quantify the type 4 voices. The proposed fourth voice type represents a subset of voices dominated by noise behavior. Current measures capable of evaluating type 4 voices provide only qualitative data (spectrograms, perceptual analysis, and an infinite correlation dimension). Type 4 voices are highly complex and the development of objective measures capable of analyzing these voices remains a topic of future investigation.
A motor neuron‐specific epitope and the low‐affinity nerve growth factor receptor display reciprocal patterns of during development, axotomy, and regeneration (1993)

Somatic motor neurons begin to express the transmitter synthesizing enzyme, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) during embryonic development. However, as motor neurons mature in postnatal life, they lose immunoreactivity for NGFR and acquire a motor neuron-specific epitope that is recognized by the monoclonal antibody, MO-1. The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of nerve injury in adult rats on these three developmentally regulated markers in two populations of somatic motor neurons. Unilateral transection, ligation, or crushing of the sciatic nerve resulted in a loss of MO-1 binding and a concomitant rise in immunoreactivity for NGFR within axotomized motor neurons in lumbar levels of the spinal cord. These changes, detectable within 5 days following nerve injury, are reversed with reinnervation, but persist if reinnervation is prevented by chronic axotomy. Thus, regulation of the expression of NGFR and the MO-1 epitope appears to be critically dependent upon interactions between motor neurons and target muscles. These observations are also consistent with the idea that during regeneration, neurons may revert to a developmentally immature state; in motor neurons, this state is characterized by the presence of NGFRs and the absence of the MO-1 epitope. Transection of the hypoglossal nerve, a purely motor nerve, resulted in a similar loss of MO-1 binding and a selective rise in NGFR immunoreactivity in neurons within the ipsilateral hypoglossal motor nucleus. In addition, immunoreactivity for ChAT was also lost in axotomized hypoglossal motor neurons. In contrast, injury to the sciatic nerve, which bears both sensory and motor axons, did not result in any detectable change in ChAT immunoreactivity in spinal motor neurons.
Protection against spinal cord ischemia with insulin-induced hypoglycemia (1987)

The effect of insulin-induced reduction in blood glucose to 65 +/- 20 mg/dl (mean +/- standard deviation) on recovery of electrophysiological function and extracellular lactate concentration was studied in a rabbit model of spinal cord ischemia. These results were compared to findings in animals with spinal cord ischemia that either were fasted overnight (fasted group: blood glucose 97 +/- 26 mg/dl) or had no pretreatment (control group: blood glucose 172 +/- 65 mg/dl). The aorta was occluded until the postsynaptic waves of the spinal somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP's) had been absent for 20 minutes, a period of ischemia that produces paraplegia in 100% of untreated rabbits. The total aortic occlusion time was not significantly different in the three groups. Recovery of the SSEP's was significantly better in the insulin-treated animals than in the fasted or control animals. The N3 wave of the SSEP's, which has been found to correlate best with neurological recovery, returned to 65% +/- 48% of the preischemia amplitude in the insulin-treated animals, compared to 40% +/- 34% in the fasted group and 26% +/- 24% in the control animals. Extracellular lactate concentration in the spinal cord increased immediately after occlusion of the aorta, reached a plateau as the postsynaptic waves disappeared from the SSEP's, and then increased a second time during the first 15 minutes of reperfusion. The peak lactate concentration during ischemia and during reperfusion correlated with the preischemia glucose concentration (r = 0.60336 and r = 0.76930, respectively). Lactate concentration in the spinal cord was higher during ischemia and throughout the first 2 hours of reperfusion in the control and fasted animals than in the insulin-treated animals. During the 2nd hour of reperfusion, lactate concentration was significantly higher in the control animals than in the fasted animals. Reduction in blood glucose with insulin improves recovery of electrophysiological function after spinal cord ischemia, probably because of reduced lactic acid production, especially during the early reperfusion period.
The Efficiency of Cellular Energy Transduction and Its Implications for Obesity (2008)

We assess the existence, mechanism, and functions of less-than-maximal coupling efficiency of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and its potential as a target for future antiobesity interventions. Coupling efficiency is the proportion of oxygen consumption used to make adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and do useful work. High coupling efficiency may lead to fat deposition; low coupling efficiency to a decrease in fat stores. We review obligatory and facultative energy expenditure and the role of a futile cycle of proton pumping and proton leak across the mitochondrial inner membrane in dissipating energy. Basal proton conductance is catalyzed primarily by the adenine nucleotide translocase but can be mimicked by chemical uncouplers. Inducible proton conductance is catalyzed by specific uncoupling proteins. We discuss the opportunities and pitfalls of targeting these processes as a treatment for obesity by decreasing coupling efficiency and increasing energy expenditure, either directly or through central mechanisms of energy homeostasis.
GIS기법을 활용한 패스트푸드점의 입지분석에 관한 연구 -서울시 강남구를 중십으로 (1996)

본 논문은 GIS기법을 활용하여 서비스업의 새로운 형태인 프랜차이즈 방식의 패스트푸드점의 입지를 분석 한 것이다. 패스트푸드 체인점을 이용하는 고객들의 행태조사와 서울시의 패스트푸드점의 분포를 통해 패스 트푸드점의 입지요인을 계량적 기법을 적용하여 일차적으로 추출하였다. 그러나 보다 미시적인 차원에서 입 지를 분석하기 위해 본 연구에서는 GIS기법을 활용하였다. 수요적 측면에서 패스트푸드점의 입지에 영향을 주리라 예상되는 인구유인 시설물과 통행인구가 많은 결절지점, 그리고 고밀도 대단위 아파트 단지로부터의 버퍼죤을 생성한 후 입지가능지구를 추출하였다. 한편 공급적인 측면에서 용도지구, 지가, 접근성 그리고 가 시성 요인들을 고려하여 이미 추출된 입지가능지구로부터 최종적인 후보입지지구를 선정하였다. 이렇게 패 스트푸드점이 입지할 수 있는 가설적인 후보지구와 실제 패스트푸드점의 분포와를 비교하였다. 그 결과 실제 패스트푸드점의 80% 정도가 가설적인 후보입지지구에 입지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론에서 본 연구의 제한점과 GIS기법을 활용하여 입지를 분석에서 시급히 이루어져야 할 자료구축의 필요성을 논하였다.
Host genetic variation in mucosal immunity pathways influences the upper airway microbiome (2017)

Our findings provide evidence of host genetic influences on upper airway microbial composition in humans and implicate mucosal immunity genes in this relationship.
Assessment of Lymphocyte and Phagocytic Functions in Goats treated with Glucan (1991)

Summary The effect of glucan, a biological response modifier of yeast origin, on different immune functions was studied after the intramuscular application in goats. The simultaneous administration of glucan with human serum albumin or tetanus toxoid significantly stimulated the antibody production to both antigens differing in their thymus dependency. Similarly, the phagocytizing activity of the blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes measured by the reductase colorimetric assay significantly increased one week after the glucan treatment. However, suppression of T‐lymphocyte function in experimental animals was determined by the lymphocyte transformation test particularly in response to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A. The results of the study indicate that glucan can modulate some elements of the ruminant immune response.
An experiment about static and dynamic type systems (2010)

Although static type systems are an essential part in teach-ing and research in software engineering and computer science, there is hardly any knowledge about what the impact of static type systems on the development time or the resulting quality for a piece of software is. On the one hand there are authors that state that static type systems decrease an application's complexity and hence its development time (which means that the quality must be improved since developers have more time left in their projects). On the other hand there are authors that argue that static type systems increase development time (and hence decrease the code quality) since they restrict developers to express themselves in a desired way. This paper presents an empirical study with 49 subjects that studies the impact of a static type system for the development of a parser over 27 hours working time. In the experiments the existence of the static type system has neither a positive nor a negative impact on an application's development time (under the conditions of the experiment).
Temperature-sensitive Differential Affinity of TRAIL for Its Receptors (2000)

TRAIL is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of cytokines which induces apoptotic cell death in a variety of tumor cell lines. It mediates its apoptotic effects through one of two receptors, DR4 and DR5, which are members of of the TNF receptor family, and whose cytoplasmic regions contain death domains. In addition, TRAIL also binds to 3 "decoy" receptors, DcR2, a receptor with a truncated death domain, DcR1, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored receptor, and OPG a secreted protein which is also known to bind to another member of the TNF family, RANKL. However, although apoptosis depends on the expression of one or both of the death domain containing receptors DR4 and/or DR5, resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis does not correlate with the expression of the "decoy" receptors. Previously, TRAIL has been described to bind to all its receptors with equivalent high affinities. In the present work, we show, by isothermal titration calorimetry and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, that the rank order of affinities of TRAIL for the recombinant soluble forms of its receptors is strongly temperature dependent. Although DR4, DR5, DcR1, and OPG show similar affinities for TRAIL at 4 degrees C, their rank-ordered affinities are substantially different at 37 degrees C, with DR5 having the highest affinity (K(D) </= 2 nm) and OPG having the weakest (K(D) = 400 nm). Preferentially enhanced binding of TRAIL to DR5 was also observed at the cell surface. These results reveal that the rank ordering of affinities for protein-protein interactions in general can be a strong function of temperature, and indicate that sizeable, but hitherto unobserved, TRAIL affinity differences exist at physiological temperature, and should be taken into account in order to understand the complex physiological and/or pathological roles of TRAIL.
Use of an Acid-Labile Surfactant as Sds Substitute for Gel Electrophoresis and Digest Analysis (2001)

Bioethics education in Poland has progressively incorporated the main bioethics principles: a spirit of dialogue, pluralism and multi-disciplinarity as well as the search for a consensus on the main social issues. However these characteristics are still very fragile because of specific Polish elements: the influence of the medical profession and its traditional and dogmatic ethics, the post-Communist heritage, cultural values and historic reasons.
Pathology Consultation on Intermediate-to-Large B-Cell Lymphomas (2014)

Intermediate-to-large B-cell lymphomas represent a heterogeneous group of aggressive lesions frequently encountered in practice. The differential diagnosis includes the most common of all lymphomas, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), as well as Burkitt lymphoma (BL), B-lymphoblastic lymphoma, and the blastoid variant of mantle cell lymphoma. In recent decades, gene expression profiling studies have clarified the biologic origins and features of these diseases. Moreover, clinically relevant subtypes of DLBCL have been identified, and a new category was defined: B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between DLBCL and BL. Herein, we review the salient diagnostic features of the various entities within this differential diagnosis and provide a stepwise diagnostic approach for dealing with challenging cases. A case-based approach is used to highlight diagnostic dilemmas and clinical decision points within the differential diagnosis of intermediate-to-large B-cell lymphomas. Based on the published literature and World Health Organization criteria, we suggest a diagnostic algorithm for appropriate classification of these lymphomas. Correct classification of intermediate-to-large B-cell lymphomas is important, because prognosis and therapeutic approach vary for different tumors and tumor subclasses. Understanding both disease-specific criteria and pathologic features that influence clinical behavior within a category is imperative for evaluation of these lymphomas.