gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Paclitaxel plus estramustine in metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer. (1995)

Combination antimicrotubule therapy with estramustine phosphate (EMP) and vinblastine has reproducible activity in metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) with an objective response rate of 31%. Although paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) by 24-hour infusion was inactive in HRPC, 0.5 to 1.0 nmol/L concentrations of paclitaxel combined with EMP exerted synergistic cytotoxicity in DU-145 androgen-independent human prostate cancer cell lines. Based on these results, we treated 24 patients with HRPC using the combination of paclitaxel 120 to 140 mg/m2 by 96-hour intravenous infusion every 3 weeks plus daily oral EMP at 600 mg/m2/d. Of seven patients with measurable soft tissue metastases, three have attained partial responses and a fourth patient is nearing partial response status. Of 16 patients with bone-only disease evaluated by change in serum prostate-specific antigen levels, 11 patients (68.8%) have had decreases of > or = 50% from pretreatment baseline. The prostate-specific antigen decrease has exceeded 80% in six of 16 (37.5%) patients. For all 23 evaluable patients, the prostate-specific antigen has decreased by > or = 50% in 15 (65.2%) and by > or = 80% in eight (34.7%). Grade 4 leukopenia occurred in one of 21 patients treated at the paclitaxel dose of 120 mg/m2/96 hr and one of three patients treated at 140 mg/m2/96 hr. The incidence of nausea (50%) and peripheral edema (37.5%) was similar to that associated with single-agent EMP. These results demonstrate that 96-hour paclitaxel plus EMP is active in HRPC and provide further evidence that the rational combination of antimicrotubule agents leads to synergistic antitumor activity in HRPC.
Mitochondrial effectors in caspase‐independent cell death (2003)

Activation of caspases is recognized as a key element in the apoptotic process. However, new evidence is drawing attention to the emergent role of cell death pathways where caspases are not involved. Recent advances in the molecular understanding of these new ways to die, called caspase-independent, have revealed that mitochondria play an important role via the release of proapoptotic proteins. The purpose of this review is to integrate, from a biological and structural point of view, the most recent advances in the knowledge of the main mitochondrial proapoptotic proteins involved in this cell death cascade. The origin of programmed cell death is discussed through these strongly conserved effectors.
Microwave determination of the coefficient of dissociative recombination of Ar2+in Ar afterglow (1993)

The coefficient of dissociative recombination of Ar2+ ions at 300 K has been determined as (8.2+or-0.5)*10-7 cm3 s-1 by means of computer fitting of the rate equation with results of measurements of the absolute electron density in the afterglow. The present value compares well with previous data and gives insight into the temperature-dependence of the coefficient. The authors have developed a technique to determine two calibration factors of the microwave cavity, the geometrical factor Kd and the effect of deformation of the cavity field due to the presence of a glass envelope. The absolute number density of electrons has been determined using the calibrated microwave cavity. The calibration factors have been confirmed by Langmuir probe measurements.
Dimerization of CXCR4 in living malignant cells: control of cell migration by a synthetic peptide that reduces homologous CXCR4 interactions (2006)

Chemokine receptor CXCR4 (CD184) may play a role in cancer metastasis and is known to form homodimers. However, it is not clear how transmembrane regions (TM) of CXCR4 and receptor homotypic interactions affect the function of CXCR4 in living cells. Using confocal microscopy and flow cytometric analysis, we showed that high levels of CXCR4 are present in the cytoplasm, accompanied by lower expression on the cell surface in CXCR4 transfectants, tumor cells, and normal peripheral blood lymphocytes. CXCR4 homodimers were detected in tumor cells, both on the cell surface membrane and in the cytoplasm using fluorescence resonance energy transfer and photobleaching fluorescence resonance energy transfer to measure energy transfer between CXCR4-CFP and CXCR4-YFP constructs. Disruption of lipid rafts by depletion of cholesterol with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin reduced the interaction between CXCR4 molecules and inhibited malignant cell migration to CXCL12/SDF-1alpha. A synthetic peptide of TM4 of CXCR4 reduced energy transfer between molecules of CXCR4, inhibited CXCL12-induced actin polymerization, and blocked chemotaxis of malignant cells. TM4 also inhibited migration of normal monocytes toward CXCL12. Reduction of CXCR4 energy transfer by the TM4 peptide and methyl-beta-cyclodextrin indicates that interactions between CXCR4s may play important roles in cell migration and suggests that cell surface and intracellular receptor dimers are appropriate targets for control of tumor cell spread. Targeting chemokine receptor oligomerization and signal transduction for the treatment of cancer, HIV-1 infections, and other CXCR4 mediated inflammatory conditions warrants further investigation.
Monomolecular Langmuir-Blodgett films at electrodes. Formation of passivating monolayers and incorporation of electroactive reagents (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMonomolecular Langmuir-Blodgett films at electrodes. Formation of passivating monolayers and incorporation of electroactive reagentsRenata Bilewicz and Marcin MajdaCite this: Langmuir 1991, 7, 11, 2794–2802Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00059a063https://doi.org/10.1021/la00059a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views264Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Deep ultraviolet patterning of monolayer films for high resolution lithography (1991)

A new process has been developed for high resolution photolithography that employs chemisorbed monolayer films as the surface imaging layers. Organosilane treated surfaces are exposed to patterned deep UV radiation, either from excimer laser or lamp sources. The photochemical process modifies the surface wettability and reactivity of the film. Organosilane films patterned by deep UV radiation are treated with a Pd/Sn catalyst and then metallized with electroless copper and nickel baths to yield metal films several 100 Å thick. The metal is selectively deposited in the unexposed regions of the film to produce a positive tone image. The patterned metal film is then utilized as a plasma hard etch barrier in a reactive ion etch, allowing efficient pattern transfer into the underlying substrate and producing features with linewidths to 0.4 μm. Electrical testing of processed substrates demonstrates compatibility of the process with subsequent device performance, and working transistor test structures have been fabricated. Decoupling the imaging (monolayer surface imaging layer) and resist (metal film) functions of a photoresist allows separate optimization of each function in this scheme. The patterning process is very general and may be applied to a variety of substrate types. Other potential applications include patterned wettability and reactivity of surfaces for selective attachment of other species such as fluorophores or biological moieties.
Metformin Improves Glucose, Lipid Metabolism, and Reduces Blood Pressure in Hypertensive, Obese Women (1993)

These findings suggest that metformin treatment in obese, nondiabetic, hypertensive women produces a more favorable cardiovascular risk profile.
Thrombin promotes angiogenesis by a mechanism independent of fibrin formation (1993)

The role of thrombin in angiogenesis was investigated in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) system. alpha-Thrombin promoted angiogenesis in a dose-dependent fashion and at 8.4 pmol/disk reached a maximum of 78% above the control. At a higher dose of alpha-thrombin (25 pmol/disk) the angiogenic effect declines and this can be explained by desensitization of the thrombin receptor. The promotion of angiogenesis by alpha-thrombin is specific as evidenced by the reversal of this effect by hirudin, which binds both the catalytic and the anion-binding exosite of thrombin or by heparin, which binds thrombin and accelerates its inactivation by antithrombin III. gamma-Thrombin, which is catalytically active but lacks the anion-binding exosite required for clotting activity, promotes angiogenesis in the CAM in the same fashion and to the same extent as alpha-thrombin, at doses up to 130 pmol/disk. Phenylalanyl-propyl-arginine chloromethyl ketone (P-PACK)-thrombin, the catalytically inactive analogue of alpha-thrombin that retains the anion-binding exosite, had no significant effect on angiogenesis in the CAM. When combined with alpha-thrombin, P-PACK-thrombin abolished the angiogenesis-promoting effect of alpha-thrombin. These results suggest that alpha-thrombin can promote angiogenesis in the CAM through interaction with its catalytic site without the requirement for fibrin formation.
siRNA Targeting Hes5 Augments Hair Cell Regeneration in Aminoglycoside-damaged Mouse Utricle (2013)

Notch signaling is active during the development of mosaic epithelial sheets and during their turnover and regeneration. After the loss of hair cells in the mosaic sheet of the vestibular sensory epithelium, new hair cells can be spontaneously generated by transdifferentiation of supporting cells. This regenerative process involves downregulation of the Hes5 gene and is known to be limited and incomplete, especially when the lesion is severe. Here, we test whether further downregulation of Hes5 gene accomplished by the use of siRNA after a severe lesion induced by an aminoglycoside in the mouse utricle can enhance the transdifferentiation of supporting cells and lead to the increased production of new hair cells. We demonstrate that Hes5 levels in the utricle decreased after the application of siRNA and that the number of hair cells in these utricles was significantly larger than following control treatment. The data suggest that siRNA technology may be useful for inducing repair and regeneration in the inner ear and that the Notch signaling pathway is a potentially useful target for specific gene expression inhibition.
Simple and rapid method for isolating large plasmid DNA from lactic streptococci (1983)

A procedure for the rapid isolation of plasmid DNA larger than 30 megadaltons from lactic streptococci is described. This protocol can be used on a preparative scale to isolate sufficient quantities of plasmid DNA required for restriction analysis, cloning, or transformation experiments. A scaled-down protocol is very useful for rapidly screening the plasmid content of streptococcal strains. With this methodology, previously undetected large plasmids were observed.
Isomeric Zinc(II) Triazolate Frameworks with 3-Connected Networks: Syntheses, Structures, and Sorption Properties (2009)

Two pairs of supramolecular isomers based on ternary zinc(II)/triazolate/X (triazolate = 3,5-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolate (Hdmtz), X = HCOO(-), F(-)) metal azolate frameworks, namely, [Zn(dmtz)(HCOO)] x H(2)O (MAF-X3, 1a), [Zn(dmtz)(HCOO)] x (1/6Me(2)NH)(1/4H(2)O) (MAF-X4, 1b), [Zn(dmtz)F] (MAF-X5, 2a), and [Zn(dmtz)F] (MAF-X6, 2b), have been synthesized via variations of the reaction conditions. The 3-connected Zn(dmtz) networks in 1a, 1b, 2a, and 2b can be described as rarely observed 4.8(2), 4.12(2), (8,3)-b, and 8(2).10-a, respectively. Besides the mu(3)-dmtz, tetrahedral and trigonal-bipyramidal/square-pyramidal coordination of the Zn ions are accomplished by monodentate formate and mu-F, respectively. While 1a and 2b are nonporous structures, 1b and 2a exhibits 1D nanotubular hydrophilic (d 3.2 A) and hydrophobic (d 3.6 A) channels, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that the stabilities of 2a and 2b are much better than those of 1a and 1b, which may be ascribed to different coordination numbers of zinc atoms. Moreover, 1b and 2a with different pore properties show selective sorption behavior.
Multipoint interval mapping of quantitative trait loci, using sib pairs. (1995)

The sib-pair interval-mapping procedure of Fulker and Cardon is extended to take account of all available marker information on a chromosome simultaneously. The method provides a computationally fast multipoint analysis of sib-pair data, using a modified Haseman-Elston approach. It gives results very similar to those of the earlier interval-mapping procedure when marker information is relatively uniform and a coarse map is used. However, there is a substantial improvement over the original method when markers differ in information content and/or when a dense map is employed. The method is illustrated by using simulated sib-pair data.
Engineering Musculoskeletal Tissues with Human Embryonic Germ Cell Derivatives (2010)

The cells derived from differentiating embryoid bodies of human embryonic germ (hEG) cells express a broad spectrum of gene markers and have been induced toward ecto- and endodermal lineages. We describe here in vitro and in vivo differentiation of hEG-derived cells (LVEC line) toward mesenchymal tissues. The LVEC cells express many surface marker proteins characteristic of mesenchymal stem cells and differentiated into cartilage, bone, and fat. Homogenous hyaline cartilage was generated from cells after 63 population doublings. In vivo results demonstrate cell survival, differentiation, and tissue formation. The high proliferative capacity of hEG-derived cells and their ability to differentiate and form three-dimensional mesenchymal tissues without teratoma formation underscores their significant potential for regenerative medicine. The adopted coculture system also provides new insights into how a microenvironment comprised of extracellular and cellular components may be harnessed to generate hierarchically complex tissues from pluripotent cells.
Microdistribution of specific rat monoclonal antibodies to mouse tissues and human tumor xenografts. (1991)

Detailed evaluations of the microdistribution of 125I-labeled monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to normal tissue antigens were conducted in BALB/c mice. MoAb 273-34A, which binds to a target molecule on the lumenal surface of lung endothelial cells, localizes quickly and efficiently throughout the lung vasculature. MoAb 133-13A, which binds to an antigen on macrophage-like cells expressed in nearly equal amounts in lung, liver, and spleen, localizes most efficiently to spleen and less well to liver and lung. The microdistribution of MoAb 133-13A in liver and spleen is consistent with the antigen distribution in these organs, but in the lung a more diffuse microdistribution is observed, indicating poor access of MoAb to the antigen-positive alveolar macrophages. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that tight endothelium (lung) represents a significant barrier to extravasation of MoAb into tissue while fenestrated (spleen) and sinusoidal (liver) endothelium are more easily penetrated. In human tumor bearing nu/nu mice, the microdistribution of MoAb to the beta 4 and alpha 6 subunits of integrin was studied. These MoAbs do not cross-react with murine integrins and thus are tumor-specific in the nu/nu mouse model. Localization of 125I-labeled MoAb 450-11A, which reacts with an intercellular domain of beta 4 integrin, is very weak and diffuse. All MoAbs to extracellular domains (mouse 450-9D, 450-30A1, and rat 439-9B) localize well to the tumor. Microdistribution of these MoAbs in the 3 different tumors is nonuniform with heavy distribution near the blood vessels, whereas antigen distribution as determined by immunoperoxidase shows a much more uniform pattern throughout the tumors. In experiments with 125I-labeled MoAb 439-9B F(ab')2, the nonuniform pattern of distribution was not changed. Gross and microdistribution of different doses of 125I-labeled MoAb 439-9B were studied. The percent of injected dose per g of MoAb in the tumor at 48 h did not vary significantly (P greater than 0.1) up to a dose of 500 micrograms/mouse, and active MoAb was recovered in comparable amounts in the serum from animals in all doses. In contrast, the microdistribution of MoAb at the high dose was different than that at low doses. At doses up to 100 micrograms/mouse, a perivascular pattern was obtained, whereas at 500 micrograms/mouse the 125I-labeled MoAb was distributed nearly evenly throughout the tumor. These data indicate that high doses of MoAb penetrate deeply into portions of the tumor that are distant from blood vessels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Identification of human T cell leukemia virus in a Japanese patient with adult T cell leukemia and cutaneous lymphomatous vasculitis. (1983)

We have identified a Japanese patient with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) whose T cells in vitro produced the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV). This patient presented with lymphomatous arthritis and leukemia and subsequently developed skin lesions. Skin invasion by malignant T-cells was angiocentric and produced vessel wall destruction, resulting in necrotic cutaneous tumor nodules. Malignant T cells in peripheral blood, skin, and joint prior to culture in vitro did not express p19 HTLV-associated antigen. However, by electron microscopy, intracellular type C viral particles were seen in skin-infiltrating T cells. Peripheral blood malignant cells after 7 days in culture with T-cell growth factor-supplemented media expressed p19 antigen, and type C virus particles were seen by electron microscopy to be budding from malignant T lymphocytes. Mitomycin-C-treated peripheral-blood T cells induced the transformation of cord blood T cells into HTLV-infected p19+ T cells. The demonstration of HTLV in malignant T cells from our patient confirms the association of HTLV with Japanese adult T-cell leukemia. Moreover, HTLV may be associated with a vasculitis-arthritis syndrome.
Contour Enhancement, Short Term Memory, and Constancies in Reverberating Neural Networks (1973)

A model of the nonlinear dynamics of reverberating on‐center off‐surround networks of nerve cells, or of cell populations, is analysed. The on‐center off‐surround anatomy allows patterns to be processed across populations without saturating the populations' response to large inputs. The signals between populations are made sigmoid functions of population activity in order to quench network noise, and yet store sufficiently intense patterns in short term memory (STM). There exists a quenching threshold: a population's activity will be quenched along with network' noise if it falls below the threshold; the pattern of supra threshold population activities is contour enhanced and stored in STM. Varying arousal level can therefore influence which pattern features will be stored. The total suprathreshold activity of the network is carefully regulated. Applications to seizure and hallucinatory phenomena, to position codes for motor control, to pattern discrimination, to influences of novel events on storage of redundant relevant cues, and to the construction of a sensory‐drive heterarchy are mentioned, along with possible anatomical substrates in neocortex, hypothalamus, and hippocampus.
Mouse mammary epithelial cells produce basement membrane and cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans containing distinct core proteins. (1988)

Cultured mouse mammary (NMuMG) cells produce heparan sulfate-rich proteoglycans that are found at the cell surface, in the culture medium, and beneath the monolayer. The cell surface proteoglycan consists of a lipophilic membrane-associated domain and an extracellular domain, or ectodomain, that contains both heparan and chondroitin sulfate chains. During culture, the cells release into the medium a soluble proteoglycan that is indistinguishable from the ectodomain released from the cells by trypsin treatment. This medium ectodomain was isolated, purified, and used as an antigen to prepare an affinity-purified serum antibody from rabbits. The antibody recognizes polypeptide determinants on the core protein of the ectodomain of the cell surface proteoglycan. The reactivity of this antibody was compared with that of a serum antibody (BM-1) directed against the low density basement membrane proteoglycan of the Englebarth-Holm-Swarm tumor (Hassell, J. R., W. C. Leyshon, S. R. Ledbetter, B. Tyree, S. Suzuki, M. Kato, K. Kimata, and H. Kleinman. 1985. J. Biol. Chem. 250:8098-8105). The BM-1 antibody recognized a large, low density heparan sulfate-rich proteoglycan in the cells and in the basal extracellular materials beneath the monolayer where it accumulated in patchy deposits. The affinity-purified anti-ectodomain antibody recognized the cell surface proteoglycan on the cells, where it is seen on apical cell surfaces in subconfluent cultures and in fine filamentous arrays at the basal cell surface in confluent cultures, but detected no proteoglycan in the basal extracellular materials beneath the monolayer. The amino acid composition of the purified medium ectodomain was substantially different from that reported for the basement membrane proteoglycan. Thus, NMuMG cells produce at least two heparan sulfate-rich proteoglycans that contain distinct core proteins, a cell surface proteoglycan, and a basement membrane proteoglycan. In newborn mouse skin, these proteoglycans localize to distinct sites; the basement membrane proteoglycan is seen solely at the dermal-epidermal boundary and the cell surface proteoglycan is seen solely at the surfaces of keratinocytes in the basal, spinous, and granular cell layers. These results suggest that although heparan sulfate-rich proteoglycans may have similar glycosaminoglycan chains, they are sorted by the epithelial cells to different sites on the basis of differences in their core proteins.