gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bacterial vaginosis: an overview for 2009. (2009)

Bacterial vaginosis has been appreciated as a unique clinical entity for well over 50 years. Its essential manifestations are well established: a loss of the normal bacterial population of the vagina and their replacement by other species. Investigations into this condition have led to a better understanding of its prevalence and epidemiology. Microbiologic and biochemical studies have exposed the remarkably complex pathophysiologic events that occur with bacterial vaginosis. Several major morbidities accompany this condition. Advances have been made in treatment, including the recent availability of a new therapeutic agent, tinidazole. However, the root cause of the condition is elusive, and as a result managing bacterial vaginosis and its complications is unsatisfactory; moreover, data suggest that therapy now is less successful than in the past. This article brings together the current fund of knowledge about bacterial vaginosis in a way that offers clinicians a realistic view of our capabilities and concerns.
Complex multipole beam approach to electromagnetic scattering problems (1994)

A novel approach to reducing the matrix size associated with the method of moments (MoM) solution of the problem of electromagnetic scattering from arbitrary shaped closed bodies is presented. The key step in this approach is to represent the scattered field in terms of a series of beams produced by multipole sources located in a complex space. On the scatterer boundary, the fields generated by these multipole sources resemble the Gabor basis functions. By utilizing the properties of the Gabor series, guidelines for selecting the orders as well as locations of the multipole sources are developed. It is shown that the present approach not only reduces the number of unknowns, but also generates a generalized impedance matrix with a banded structure and a low condition number. The accuracy of the proposed method is verified by comparing the numerical results with those derived by using the method of moments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Antitumor activity of P-4055 (elaidic acid-cytarabine) compared to cytarabine in metastatic and s.c. human tumor xenograft models. (1999)

The antineoplastic efficacy of P-4055, a 5'-elaidic acid (C18:1, unsaturated fatty acid) ester of cytarabine, a nucleoside antimetabolite frequently used in the treatment of hematological malignancies, was examined in several in vivo models for human cancer. In initial dose-finding studies in nude mice, the efficacy of P-4055 was highest when using schedules with repeated daily doses. In a Raji Burkitt's lymphoma leptomeningeal carcinomatosis model in nude rats, the control cytarabine- and saline-treated animals (five in each group) had a mean survival time of 13.2 days, whereas treatment with P-4055 resulted in three of five long-time survivors (>70 days). In a systemic Raji leukemia model in nude mice, 8 of 10 of the P-4055-treated animals survived (>80 days), compared with none of the cytarabine-treated animals (mean survival time, 34.2 days). In s.c. xenograft models, the effects of maximum tolerated doses of P-4055 and cytarabine, given in four weekly cycles of daily bolus i.v. injections for 5 subsequent days, against seven tumors (three melanomas, one lung adenocarcinoma, one breast cancer, and two osteogenic sarcomas) were investigated. P-4055 induced partial or complete tumor regression of the lung carcinoma, as well as of all three malignant melanomas. In two of the melanomas the activity was highly superior to that of cytarabine, and both P-4055 and cytarabine were, in general, more effective than several clinically established drugs previously tested in the same tumor models. In in vitro studies, inhibitors of nucleoside carrier-dependent transport, nitrobenzylmercaptopurine riboside and dipyridamol, reduced strongly the cellular sensitivity to cytarabine, but not to P-4055, indicating that P-4055 uses an alternative/additional mechanism of internalization into the cell compared with cytarabine. The results explain, at least in part, the observed differences between the two compounds in in vivo efficacy, and together the data strongly support the evaluation of P-4055 in clinical studies.
Gene amplification CCNE1 is related to poor survival and potential therapeutic target in ovarian cancer (2010)

These findings indicate that CCNE1 overexpression is critical to growth and survival of ovarian cancer tumors with CCNE1 gene amplification. Furthermore, they suggest that CCNE1 silencing RNA-induced phenotypes depend on amplification status of ovarian cancers. Therefore, CCNE1-targeted therapy may benefit ovarian cancer patients with CCNE1 amplification.
45nm CMOS - Silicon Photonics Monolithic Technology (45CLO) for next-generation, low power and high speed optical interconnects (2020)

GLOBALFOUNDRIES’ monolithic 45nm CMOS-Silicon Photonics 300mm high-volume manufacturing platform based on 45nm RF technology node, and optimized for high performance and low power short-reach optical interconnects for on-chip and chip-to-chip applications will be discussed.
Internet telephony [Guest Editorial] (1999)

Presents the guest editorial for this issue of the publication.
Poly(hydroxyalkanoates): A Fifth Class of Physiologically Important Organic Biopolymers? (1993)

Abstract Along with polyisoprenoids, polypeptides, polysaccharides, and polynucleotides, Nature contains a further group of biopolymers, the poly(hydroxyalkanoates). The commonest member of this group, poly[( R )‐3‐hydroxybutyrate] P(3‐HB), had been identified by Lemoigne as early as the 1920s, as a storage substance in the microorganism Bacillus megaterium made up of more than 12000 (3‐HB) units. However, the widespread distribution and significance of these biopolymers has only become clear recently. The work of Reusch, in particular, has shown that low molecular weight P(3‐HB) (100–200 3‐HB units) occurs in the cell membranes of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. The function of P(3‐HB) in the latter sources is largely unknown; it has been proposed that a complex of P(3‐HB) and calcium polyphosphate acts as an ion channel through the membrane. Indeed, it has even been speculated that P(3‐HB) plays a role in transport of DNA through the cell wall. In the present article, the following subjects will be discussed: metabolism of P(3‐HB) and analogous polyesters in the synthesis and degradation of storage materials; P(3‐HB) as a starting material for chiral synthetic building blocks; synthesis of cyclic oligomers (oligolides) of up to ten 3‐HB units, and their crystal structure; high molecular weight bio‐copolymers of hydroxybutyrate and hydroxyvalerate (BIOPOL) as biologically degradable plastics; nonbiological production of polyhydroxyalkanoates from 3‐hydroxy carboxylic acids and the corresponding β‐lactones; specific synthesis of linear oligomers with a narrow molecular weight distribution, consisting of about 100 ( R )‐3‐hydroxybutyrate units, by using an exponential coupling procedure; structure of the polyesters, and a comparison with other polymers; the experimental results which led to the postulation of a P(3‐HB) ion channel through the cell wall; modeling of P(3‐HB) helices of various diameters, by using the parameters obtained from the crystal structures of oligolides; formation of a crown ester complex and ion transport experiments with the triolide of 3‐HB. The article describes one example of the contributions that synthetic organic chemists can make to important biological problems in an interdisciplinary framework.
Texture and reflection in computer generated images (1976)

In 1974 Catmull developed a new algorithm for rendering images of bivariate surface patches. This paper describes extensions of this algorithm in the areas of texture simulation and lighting models. The parametrization of a patch defines a coordinate system which is used as a key for mapping patterns onto the surface. The intensity of the pattern at each picture element is computed as a weighted average of regions of the pattern definition function. The shape and size of this weighting function are chosen using digital signal processing theory. The patch rendering algorithm allows accurate computation of the surface normal to the patch at each picture element, permitting the simulation of mirror reflections. The amount of light coming from a given direction is modeled in a similar manner to the texture mapping and then added to the intensity obtained from the texture mapping. Several examples of images synthesized using these new techniques are included.
Prostate antigen: A new potential marker for prostatic cancer (1981)

A prostate-specific antigen, distinct from acid phosphatase, was identified by immunologic procedures in prostate tissues (normal, benign hypertrophic, and cancerous) and seminal plasma, as well as in sera of patients with prostatic cancer and of nude mice bearing human prostatic tumor. This antigen was shown by immunoperoxidase staining to be confined to epithelial cells comprising the prostatic ductal elements. Prostate antigen was purified from prostatic tissue and seminal plasma, and it was shown to have a molecular weight of 33,000-34,000 with no subunit component. The isoelectric point of purified antigen was around 6.9, though several unpurified isomers with different isoelectric points also were observed. Serum-borne prostate antigen showed a molecular weight of 90,000-100,000 but it exhibited a molecular weight of 36,000 in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. A sandwich-type, peroxidase-linked immunosorbent assay capable of detecting 0.1 ng of the antigen per milliliter of blood was developed. With this technique, serum level of the antigen was found to increase in patients with prostatic cancer as compared with normal males. The prostate-specific antigen can be a useful marker for detection of prostatic cancer.
Positional cloning of the hereditary renal carcinoma 3;8 chromosome translocation breakpoint. (1993)

The chromosome (p14.2;q24.1) translocation t(3;8) has been associated with hereditary renal cancer in one family. Based on cytogenetic analyses and loss-of-heterozygosity experiments, the 3p14 region has been independently implicated as harboring a tumor suppressor gene critical to kidney and lung cancer development. The 3p14.2 region also contains FRA3B, the most sensitive fragile site induced by aphidicolin. A chromosome 3 probe, R7K145, derived from a radiation-reduced hybrid was positioned between the t(3;8) breakpoint and an aphidicolin-induced 3p14 breakpoint. A yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) contig containing R7K145 was developed that crossed the aphidicolin-induced breakpoint on its telomeric side. A subsequent chromosome walk identified a YAC that crossed the 3;8 translocation breakpoint. A lambda sublibrary allowed isolation of clones spanning the rearrangement. Unique and evolutionarily conserved DNA sequences were used to screen a kidney cDNA library. We have identified a gene, referred to as HRCA1 (hereditary renal cancer associated 1), that maps immediately adjacent to the breakpoint. On the basis of its chromosomal position, HRCA1 may be a candidate tumor suppressor gene.
Growth, yield, nutrient uptake and water use of banana crops under drip and basin irrigation with N and K fertilization. (1991)

Growth, productivity, nutrient uptake and water use of bananas under drip and basin systems of irrigation with different levels of N (100, 200 and 300 g plant −1 ) and K (100, 200 and 200 g K 2 O plant −1 ) fertilization were investigated at the Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, in plant and first ratoon crop cycles. Plants under drip irrigation had better growth, flowered earlier, accumulated more dry matter and nutrients and produced higher yield with increased water use efficiency compared with those under basin irrigation
Phase Four, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Controlled Trial of Phentolamine Mesylate in Two- to Five-year-old Dental Patients. (2017)

Phentolamine was well tolerated and safe in three- to five-year-olds; in four- to five-year-olds, a statistically significant more rapid recovery of lip sensation compared to sham injections was determined.
Vpu Increases Susceptibility of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Cells to Fas Killing (1999)

The importance of the Fas death pathway in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been the subject of many studies. Missing from these studies is direct measurement of infected cell susceptibility to Fas-induced death. To address this question, we investigated whether T cells infected with HIV are more susceptible to Fas-induced death. We found that Fas cross-linking caused a decrease in the number of HIV-infected Jurkat T cells and CD4(+) peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs). We confirmed this finding by demonstrating that there were more apoptotic infected than uninfected cells after Fas ligation. The increase in sensitivity of HIV-infected cells to Fas killing mapped to vpu, while nef, vif, vpr, and second exon of tat did not appear to contribute. Furthermore, expression of Vpu in Jurkat T cells rendered them more susceptible to Fas-induced death. These results show that HIV-infected cells are more sensitive to Fas-induced death and that the Vpu protein of HIV contributes to this sensitivity. The increased sensitivity of HIV-infected cells to Fas-induced death might help explain why these cells have such a short in vivo half-life.
Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the complestatin biosynthetic gene cluster (2001)

Streptomyces lavendulae produces complestatin, a cyclic peptide natural product that antagonizes pharmacologically relevant protein-protein interactions including formation of the C4b,2b complex in the complement cascade and gp120-CD4 binding in the HIV life cycle. Complestatin, a member of the vancomycin group of natural products, consists of an alpha-ketoacyl hexapeptide backbone modified by oxidative phenolic couplings and halogenations. The entire complestatin biosynthetic and regulatory gene cluster spanning ca. 50 kb was cloned and sequenced. It consisted of 16 ORFs, encoding proteins homologous to nonribosomal peptide synthetases, cytochrome P450-related oxidases, ferredoxins, nonheme halogenases, four enzymes involved in 4-hydroxyphenylglycine (Hpg) biosynthesis, transcriptional regulators, and ABC transporters. The nonribosomal peptide synthetase consisted of a priming module, six extending modules, and a terminal thioesterase; their arrangement and domain content was entirely consistent with functions required for the biosynthesis of a heptapeptide or alpha-ketoacyl hexapeptide backbone. Two oxidase genes were proposed to be responsible for the construction of the unique aryl-ether-aryl-aryl linkage on the linear heptapeptide intermediate. Hpg, 3,5-dichloro-Hpg, and 3,5-dichloro-hydroxybenzoylformate are unusual building blocks that repesent five of the seven requisite monomers in the complestatin peptide. Heterologous expression and biochemical analysis of 4-hydroxyphenylglycine transaminon confirmed its role as an aminotransferase responsible for formation of all three precursors. The close similarity but functional divergence between complestatin and chloroeremomycin biosynthetic genes also presents a unique opportunity for the construction of hybrid vancomycin-type antibiotics.
Scaling evaluation of BE-SONOS NAND flash beyond 20 nm (2008)

We have successfully fabricated and characterized sub-30 nm and sub-20 nm BE-SONOS NAND Flash. Good device characteristics are achieved through two innovative processes: (1) a low-energy tilt-angle STI pocket implantation to suppress the STI corner edge effect, and (2) a drain offset using an additional oxide liner to improve the short-channel effect. The conventional self-boosting program-inhibit and ISPP (incremental step pulse programming) for MLC storage are demonstrated for 20nm BE-SONOS NAND operation. Read current stability and read disturb life time are also evaluated. The estimated number of storage electrons is only 50–100, and for the first time we have demonstrated successful data retention after 150°C baking in the “few-electron” regime. Our results strongly suggest that BE-SONOS is a promising charge-trapping (CT) technology for NAND Flash scaling.
An In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Autologous Platelet Concentrate in Oral Reconstruction (2003)

A platelet concentrate, when combined with calcified thrombin, produces a platelet gel that has been used to achieve hemostasis and modulate bone growth and wound healing. The recovery of high concentrations of viable platelets and their resulting growth factor levels represents the most important factor in the clinical utility of a platelet concentrate because only functional platelets can release the growth factors that are necessary to induce tissue growth and bone regeneration. The SmartPReP system's efficiency in recovery of platelets from a sample of whole blood averaged 70.6%, almost twice that of various manual techniques using laboratory centrifuges. Platelet concentrates prepared by the SmartPReP system had a viability equal to platelet concentrates prepared for transfusion as measured by hypotonic stress, platelet aggregation, and p-selectin. A series of clinical case studies demonstrates the use of autologous platelet gel in oral surgery.
Differential activation of β1‐, β2‐ and β3‐adrenoceptors by catecholamines in white and brown adipocytes (1995)

This review summarizes the experiments performed by various groups to determine how the activation of the different beta-adrenoceptors (beta-ARs) is ordinated when they are present in the same fat cell and involved in the same biological event. When expressed after the transfection of their genes in Chinese hamster ovary cell (CHO cells), beta 1- and beta 2-ARs present a higher affinity for catecholamines than beta 3-ARs. In vitro, the lipolytic effect induced by low concentrations of catecholamines in dog and rat white fat cells is due to the selective activation of beta 1- and/or beta 2-ARs. Higher concentrations only are able to activate beta 3-ARs. Similar results have been obtained in rat brown adipocytes. On the other hand, the lipolytic effect of catecholamines in human and primate adipocytes does not involve a beta 3-AR component whatever the concentration used. In vivo experiments in the dog have also shown that lipomobilization induced by low doses of isoprenaline only involved beta 1- and beta 2-AR activation, this effect being blocked by beta 1-/beta 2-antagonist pretreatment. However, in the same blockade conditions, perfusion of a 10-fold higher dose of isoprenaline revealed a beta 3-AR contribution in the lipomobilizing effect. These data showed that brown and white adipocyte beta 3-ARs possess a lower affinity for catecholamines than beta 1- and beta 2-ARs and are only recruited by high concentrations of the amines.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Technical, Experimental, and Biological Variations in Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation (iTRAQ) (2007)

We assess the reliability of isobaric-tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ), based on different types of replicate analyses taking into account technical, experimental, and biological variations. In total, 10 iTRAQ experiments were analyzed across three domains of life involving Saccharomyces cerevisiae KAY446, Sulfolobus solfataricus P2, and Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The coverage of protein expression of iTRAQ analysis increases as the variation tolerance increases. In brief, a cutoff point at +/-50% variation (+/-0.50) would yield 88% coverage in quantification based on an analysis of biological replicates. Technical replicate analysis produces a higher coverage level of 95% at a lower cutoff point of +/-30% variation. Experimental or iTRAQ variations exhibit similar behavior as biological variations, which suggest that most of the measurable deviations come from biological variations. These findings underline the importance of replicate analysis as a validation tool and benchmarking technique in protein expression analysis.
Real-time hand tracking using synergistic inverse kinematics (2014)

We present a method for real-time bare hand tracking that utilizes natural hand synergies to reduce the complexity and improve the plausibility of the hand posture estimation. The hand pose and posture are estimated by fitting a virtual hand model to the 3D point cloud obtained from a Kinect camera using an inverse kinematics approach. We use real human hand movements captured with a Vicon motion tracking system as the ground truth for deriving natural hand synergies based on principal component analysis. These synergies are integrated in the tracking scheme by optimizing the posture in a reduced parameter space. Tracking in this reduced space combined with joint limit avoidance constrains the posture estimation to natural hand articulations. The information loss associated with dimension reduction can be dealt with by employing a hierarchical optimization scheme. We show that our synergistic hand tracking approach improves runtime performance and increases the quality of the posture estimation.
Properties of a Versatile Nanoparticle Platform Contrast Agent To Image and Characterize Atherosclerotic Plaques by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2006)

The need for more specific and selective contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging motivated us to prepare a new nanoparticle agent based on high-density lipoproteins (HDL). This second generation contrast agent can be prepared in three different ways. The HDL nanoparticles (rHDL) were fully characterized by FPLC and gel electrophoresis. The flexibility of the platform also allows us to incorporate optical probes into rHDL for localization ex vivo by confocal fluorescence microscopy. The contrast-agent-containing nanoparticles were injected into mice that develop atherosclerotic lesions. Magnetic resonance imaging of the animals showed clear enhancement of the atherosclerotic plaques.
Alteration of the cleavage distance of Fok I restriction endonuclease by insertion mutagenesis. (1993)

Fok I restriction endonuclease recognizes the nonpalindromic pentadeoxyribonucleotide 5'-GGATG-3'.5'-CATCC-3' in duplex DNA and cleaves 9 and 13 nucleotides away from the recognition site. Recently, we reported the presence of two distinct and separable protein domains within this enzyme--one for the sequence-specific recognition and the other for endonuclease activity. Here, we report the construction of two insertion mutants of Fok I endonuclease. The mutant enzymes were purified, and their cleavage properties were characterized. The mutants have the same DNA sequence specificity as the wild-type enzyme. However, compared with the wild-type enzyme, they cleave one nucleotide further away from the recognition site on both strands of the DNA substrates. Thus, it is possible to alter the cleavage distance of Fok I by protein engineering.